bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraint-Based Design Formation - A Case Study of Wind Effects on High-Rise Building Designs
Authors: Al-Kazzaz Dhuha A.
Published: April 2022

The use of constraint-based knowledge assists designers in making well-informed decisions at different stages of digital design process. A constraint is conceived as a direct control on design formation, or as a filter which does not impose a control over a formation process. The paper aims to gain insights into the ways the designers manipulate constraints in the digital design process. It investigated whether the same type of buildings, designed by the same or different architects, presents different approaches to deal with the same constraint. Scenarios of handling a constraint using shaping and validation processes were identified before initial modelling, through modelling, and after modelling. Constraints can effectively participate in design formation by proposing a new shape or a typical shape at pre-modelling. They are refining or developing the initial design through modelling, and optimizing or enhancing the design after modelling. Furthermore, constraints play significant roles in the feasibility study of design solutions. This is done by evaluating the initial forms and selecting the fittest through modelling, in addition to testing and filtering the solution space after modelling, and approving the final design. The paper examined the impact of wind on the morphology of twelve contemporary tower designs. The findings support the opinion that constraints may not restrict the designer’s free will, inspiration, and creativity. They revealed that different scenarios of wind-driven processes had implemented at different design stages even by the same designer. The wind constraint had a substantial impact on the derivation of new morphologies. Through modelling, it had an active role in the refinement of the initial architectural and structural design. Constraint-based design was handled in iterative processes of evaluating and developing or refining the initial forms through modelling; and optimizing or enhancing, testing, and approving the final forms after modelling.
Hospital Preparedness in Facing COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aini Nur , Modjo Robiana , Lestari Fatma
Published: April 2022

During the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases continues to increase and leads to a surge of patients who need treatment. However, many hospitals are not ready to deal with this type of emergency. This study aimed to review previous studies on Hospital preparedness in facing COVID-19 disaster. This is a Systematic Literature Review on articles collected from 4 databases, i.e., PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Crossref by applying the inclusion criterion of articles published in English and Indonesian on qualitative and quantitative studies related to hospital preparedness. PRISMA Guideline was used for this review. Based on the application of the inclusion criterion, eight articles were considered to be appropriate for the review. Three of these articles presented good hospital preparedness, while the other five demonstrated the presence of gaps in terms of facilities, staff training, and coordination. The instruments used in the study presented in these articles were adapted from CDC and WHO and were modified to adjust them with the local condition. A comprehensive assessment on hospital preparedness is needed. Health care worker training is an important step in hospital preparedness.
Más de un bicentenario entre el guano y el mar
Authors: Cárdenas Alayza Susana
Published: April 2022

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo hacer un recorrido histórico sobre el manejo y extracción de dos grandes industrias que se han desarrollado en el marco del ecosistema marino peruano en los doscientos años de vida republicana: extracción de guano y la pesca industrial de la anchoveta. Luego se brinda una perspectiva actual de los efectos del cambio climático sobre el Sistema de la Corriente de Humboldt y se cierra con una reflexión general sobre los aprendizajes para enfrentar el futuro del ecosistema marino peruano de una manera más responsable.
Consideraciones jurídicas sobre la naturaleza en el contexto del bicentenario patrio: una indagación constitucional (Perú 1821 - 2021)
Authors: Foy Valencia Pierre
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este ensayo es desarrollar algunas premisas jurídicas acerca de la naturaleza, a modo de caracterización desde el sistema jurídico constitucional en el período 1821 -2021. Luego de presentar lo que motiva este ensayo, se realiza una breve retrospectiva jurídica sobre la naturaleza. Se hace una aproximación diacrónica al “derecho normado constitucional” y la naturaleza. Se introducen algunas anotaciones sobre el sistema jurídico y la naturaleza en el 2021. Para finalmente hacer una breve prospectiva.
Gobernanza energética y de la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Miranda Sara Liliana , Valdivia-Sisniegas Richard H. , Verdiere Marion
Published: April 2022

La energía —desde su generación hasta el consumo— es fundamental para el desarrollo urbano sostenible y resiliente, y particularmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero causantes del cambio climático. Sin embargo, en el Perú del Bicentenario no se reconocen fácilmente las múltiples facetas de esta vinculación. Presentamos aquí hallazgos iniciales del proyecto de investigación Modelos energético-basados en una planificación urbana equitativa en el Sur global (GEMDev, por sus siglas en inglés) 1, específicamente del primer paquete de trabajo, con un análisis de la configuración de la gobernanza energética con respecto a la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana. Se visibiliza una configuración de redes de actores y discursos, donde las redes dominantes y sus discursos no abordan en conjunto la energía y vivienda, limitando así sus contribuciones a la justicia socioambiental, urbana y climática, en las políticas públicas.
Proceso Enfermero en Estenosis Hipertrófica de Píloro desde la perspectiva de los patrones funcionales
Authors: Rivera Morales Gerardo Iván , Aragón Siordia Itzel Pamela , Hernández de la Cruz Amelia , Solís Gómez Celia del Carmen , Tejero Pérez Laura Guillermina , Candelero Juárez Yadira
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Los patrones funcionales de Salud de Marjory Gordon, son una división artificial y estructurada del funcionamiento humano integrado, mediante los cuales se obtiene una importante cantidad de datos relevantes de la persona. La Estenosis Hipertrófica Congénita de Píloro (EHCP) es la disminución de la luz intestinal a nivel del píloro debido a hipertrofia e hiperplasia de la capa muscular de la porción antro-pilórica, que se manifiesta clínicamente como obstrucción al vaciamiento gástrico.
Descripción del caso: Lactante masculino de 37 días de nacido, obtenido por vía vaginal en medio hospitalario, sin complicaciones, con peso de 2.7 kg. Ingresada al área hospitalaria por presentar cuadro de vómitos de inicio súbito e inmediato a la ingesta oral, llanto vigoroso y constante de 6 días de evolución, se diagnostica a través de USG, resolviéndose quirúrgicamente mediante piloromiotomía.
Discusión: El Patrón de Salud más alterado fue el Nutricional / Metabólico donde, después de la priorización, se encontraron los siguientes diagnósticos: Riesgo de desequilibrio electrolítico y Desequilibrio nutricional: Inferior a las necesidades corporales, los cuales fueron desarrollados con la metodología NANDA, NIC, NOC.
Conclusiones: La EHCP es una enfermedad frecuente en los lactantes menores y de mayor incidencia en hombres y aunque la palpación de la oliva pilórica es considerada como el signo patognomónico de la EHCP, no se presenta en el 100% de los casos. Es importante alcanzar un balance hidroelectrolítico óptimo que disminuya considerablemente el riesgo quirúrgico y favorezca la recuperación en el periodo postoperatorio.
Comparative of flexural strength, hardness, and fluoride release of two bioactive restorative materials with RMGI and composite resin
Authors: Kasraei Shahin , Haghi Sahebeh , Farzad Azin , Malek Mona , Nejadkarimi Sogol
Published: April 2022

Aim: This study was fulfilled to evaluate the flexural strength, micro-hardness, and release of two fluoride ions of bioactive restorative materials (Cention N and Activa Bioactive), a resin modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), and a resin composite (Filtek z250). Methods: Forty samples from four restorative materials (Activa Bioactive, Fuji II LC, Cention N, and Filtek Z250) were provided according to the current standards of ISO 4049/2000 guide lines. Subsequently, the samples were stored for 24 hours and 6 months in artificial saliva, and successively, flexural strength and micro-hardness of the samples were measured. For each studied groups the pH was decreased from 6.8 to 4 in storage solution. The rate of changes in fluoride ion release was measured after three different storage periods of 24 hours, 48 hours, and 6 months in distilled water, according to the previous studies’ method. Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD Pair wise comparisons, and independent t-tests were used to analyze data (α= 0.05). Results: The highest flexural strength and surface micro-hardness after 24 hours and also after 6 month were observed for Cention N(p<0.001).Flexural strength of all samples stored for 6 months was significantly lower than the samples stored for 24 hours(p<0.001). The accumulative amount of the released fluoride ion in RMGI, after six-month storage period in distilled water was considerably higher (p<0.001) than 24 hours and 48 hours storage. The amount of fluoride ion release with increasing acidity of the environment (from pH 6.8 to 4) in Fuji II LC glass ionomer was higher than the bioactive materials (p<0.05). Conclusion: The flexural strength of RMGI was increased after storage against the Activa Bioactive,Cention N and Z250 composite. Storage of restorative materials in artificial saliva leads to a significant reduction in micro hardness. The behavior and amount of released fluoride ions in these restorative materials, which are stored in an acidic environment, were dependent on the type of restorative material.
De cabeça para baixo
Authors: Camargo Yasmin Vizeu , Basso Renato Miguel
Published: April 2022

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma descrição das características e propriedades linguísticas de orientacionais de inversão (OIs), responsáveis por expressar que objetos estão em uma posição não canônica. Nosso objetivo é analisar e descrever o comportamento semântico do OI “de cabeça para baixo”, em contextos espaciais e não espaciais, usando as ferramentas da semântica formal. Com base em algumas noções da semântica de vetores espaciais (VSS, do inglês “Vector Space Semantics”) (ZWARTS, 1997), analisamos o OI em questão com base em dados coletados dos corpora WebCorp (MORLEY, 2006) e Google. O resultado é uma análise e uma descrição de “de cabeça para baixo” baseadas nas noções de quadro referencial do contexto (QR), vetores extrínsecos (VEs) e vetores intrínsecos (VIs), cujos resultados indicam que o OI “de cabeça para baixo” em contextos espaciais mobiliza apenas o eixo vertical e, portanto, combina apenas com referentes que possuem orientação em tal eixo, enquanto nos usos não espaciais, por conta da impossibilidade de inversão de eixos, envolve não a orientação do objeto, mas sim estados canônicos.
Estratégias, oportunidades e desafios do processo de construção de um Plano Municipal de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional
Authors: Morgado Caroline Maria da Costa , Casemiro Juliana Pereira , Cruz Larissa Maia da
Published: April 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de construção do 1o Plano Municipal de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) de Duque de Caxias – Rio de Janeiro procurando identificar estratégias, oportunidades e desafios expressos no contexto local e sua articulação com eventos e conjuntura nacional. Para tanto, foi realizada análise documental a partir de buscas em site oficial, consulta a acervo físico em órgão municipal responsável pela SAN e os registros realizados durante a elaboração do plano. Os resultados apontam a relevância do engajamento da sociedade civil e da administração pública no tema para a publicação do Plano Municipal de SAN. Mesmo com o cenário atual de desconstrução da política de SAN a nível federal associado ao surgimento da pandemia pelo coronavírus, que vem contribuindo para o aumento da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, existem oportunidades no nível local para que as instâncias de SAN ativas no município deem continuidade aos debates sobre as políticas públicas de SAN com vistas à implantação de medidas pertinentes.
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and national development in Nigeria: emerging pitfalls and pathways to results
Authors: Paul Chima
Published: April 2022

Purpose — This paper addresses the pitfalls in conditional cash transfer in Nigeria and suggested the best practices to enhance the performance of the social policy instrument in Nigeria.Research method — This paper is library research which evaluates the issue at stake using documentary evidence from secondary means of data collection such as textbooks, journal articles, newspapers and so on.Result — The paper found that conditional cash transfer in Nigeria is characterized with several anomalies. These among others identified in the study include diversion of funds by the beneficiaries for purposes other than investing in what it was originally meant for, the improper definition of exit and entry period (a period of one year is allowed in Nigeria) and this translates to nothing meaningful. It was found that beneficiaries are randomly selected in Nigeria, thus leading to obvious errors of exclusion and inclusion.Recommendations — This paper recommends among others that a formidable system of entry and exit rules, monitoring and evaluation mechanism, cash disbursement mechanism as well as grievance redress mechanism be put in place as practised in other climes. These systems will no doubt enhance the service quality, value for money, transparency and accountability of the social protection policy, culminating in the social-economic development of the Nigerian states.
Дослідження впливу способу подачі інформації на процес її сприйняття
Authors: Бардовський Богдан , Мельниченко Світлана , Розум Тетяна , Скиба Василь
Published: April 2022

Інтерактивні елементи в електронних виданнях дозволяють покращити сприйняття інформації шляхом безпосередньої взаємодії людини з виданням. Проте, їх нагромадження може надати зворотного впливу, за рахунок розсіювання уваги. Саме тому важливо розуміти, який вплив інтерактивних елементів на сприйняття інформації. Оскільки спосіб подачі інформації впливає на ефективність її засвоєння, було розроблено три фізичні моделі з різними типами інформації. Дослідження полягало у проходженні контрольного тесту групою опитуваних після опрацювання інформації. Було визначено закономірності між способом подачі інформації та статистикою за відповідями.
Usage of a Two-Chamber Pneumatic Module for Cutting Contours in Cardboard Scans
Authors: Іванко Андрій Іванович , Підвишенна Ольга
Published: April 2022

Наукова робота присвячена дослідженню нового пристрою для прорізування контурів у картонних розгортках. Поставлена мета створити спосіб та пристрій для безмарзанного прорізування контурів у картоні. Започаткувати технологію безконтактного способу висікання. Тобто висікання без опорних контактуючих елементів типу: контрплита, марзан, протиніж та ін.
Для виконання технологічного процесу висікання пропонується окремий двокамерний пневматичний модуль пристрою для прорізування контурів у картонних розгортках. Як протиніж використовується робочий стіл з контурними пазами у робочій зоні для створення опору стисненим повітрям.
Після проходження зони дії інструментального вузла на контурах картонної розгортки утворюються прорізи, які сприяють якісному їх подальшому загинанню та формуванню об’ємних конструктивних елементів картонного паковання. Прорізування контурів і підготовка картонної розгортки до подальших технологічних процесів відбувається за один кінематичний цикл інструментального вузла без використання опорних елементів.
Для аналітичних досліджень двокамерний пневматичний модуль ділиться на умовні три технологічні зони. Перша зона відповідає верхній пневматичній камері, друга — нижній, а третя відноситься до робочої зони поршня.
Тиск на початку ходу поршня найменший і зростає по мірі його переміщення до максимальної верхньої координати. Відповідно сила тиску корегується пропорційно із збільшенням ходу поршня. Оскільки опір стисненого повітря, що генерується у пазах робочого стола верхньої пневматичної камери повинен бути рівнодійним зусиллям висікання, то його також потрібно коригувати під конкретно визначені розрахункові величини.
Створення опору стисненим повітрям дозволить здійснити безмарзанне прорізування контурів у картонній розгортці. Механіка технологічного процесу прорізування контурів сприяє зменшенню трудомісткості виготовлення півфабрикату без залучення додаткових опорних елементів контрножів та марзанів. І як висновок — зниженню необхідної сумарної потужності споживання привода та усунення явища прискореного затуплення висікальних ножів.
DESAFIOS PARA A GESTÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NO CONTEXTO POLÍTICO BRASILEIRO DE 2018: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DA EXPERIÊNCIA DE PROFESSORAS-GESTORAS
Authors: Barbosa Miranda Teixeira Marcella , Tarabal Lopes Fernanda , Bonifácio Gomes Júnior Admardo , Maria Mota Santos Carolina
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os desafios para a gestão universitária no contexto político brasileiro do ano de 2018, a partir do relato da experiência de duas professoras-gestoras, Gaia e Maria Carmem. O referencial teórico aborda as temáticas: as universidades públicas e o seu papel na sociedade, a gestão universitária e as(os) professoras(es) gestoras(es), e o impeachment da presidenta Dilma Roussef e as consequências advindas desse período para as universidades brasileiras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que teve como campo empírico de destaque as entrevistas de trajetória de vida das professoras-gestoras mencionadas. Como resultado, identificamos que as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelas professoras-gestoras foram: cortes no orçamento universitário e a atuação incisiva dos Órgãos Fiscalizadores do governo, diminuindo assim a autonomia e os recursos universitários. Dentre as reflexões que chegamos com este artigo, destacamos a preocupação com o futuro e a sobrevivência das universidades púbicas brasileiras. Tal preocupação se torna ainda mais alarmante quando nos deparamos em 2019 com um contexto de precarização e sucateamento da educação pública no Brasil ainda mais grave.
Foreign direct investment inflow: The drivers and motivations in MENA Region
Authors: Osabuohien-Irabor Osarumwense
Published: April 2022

Purpose ― Reasons why Multinational Enterprise (MNEs) engage in foreign direct investment (hereafter referred to as FDI) abroad have been of great interest to policy markets, academia and international portfolio investors. This examines FDI inflow motives to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region for the period 2005 to 2019.
Design/methodology/approach ― This research paper applies both the static and dynamic panel methodologies such as SYS-GMM, fixed effects, and pooled OLS estimators to investigate the motivational factors of MNEs FDI inflows to MENA countries.
Findings ― Although specificity applies to countries, estimated results suggest that MNEs in the MENA region are predominantly interested in serving both home and host markets. Other motives such as efficiency-seeking FDI vary across countries, indicating that FDI motives are not homogeneous among region members. This paper provides useful insight for both firms and host countries in the region.
Originality/value ― This research paper investigates the factors that motivate MNEs to consider FDI decisions in MENA countries. Rather than investigate the individual countries within the region as done in existing literature, this research paper simultaneously examines MNEs' investment motivations in the MENA region. The findings are significant, plausible and in line with the economic development of most countries in the region.
Increased Respiration by the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Chloroplasts at High Atmospheric CO2 Concentration
Authors: Wieloch Thomas
Published: April 2022

Despite significant research efforts, the question of whether rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) affect leaf respiration remains unanswered. Here, I reanalyse published hydrogen isotope abundances in starch glucose of sunflower leaves. I report that, as Ca increases from 450 to 1500 ppm, respiration by the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in chloroplasts increases from 0 to ≈ 5% relative to net carbon assimilation. This is consistent with known regulatory properties of the pathway. Summarising recent reports of metabolic fluxes in plant leaves, a picture emerges in which mitochondrial processes are distinctly less important for overall respiration than the oxidative pentose phosphate pathways in chloroplasts and the cytosol. Regulatory properties of these pathways are consistent with observations of lower-than-expected stimulations of photosynthesis by increasing Ca. Reported advances in understanding leaf respiratory mechanisms may enable modelling and prediction of respiration effects (inter alia) on biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange and plant performance under climate change.
Emission, Propagation, and Reflection of Light as Mechanical Phenomena
Authors: Dambi Filip
Published: April 2022

Emission, propagation, and reflection of light as mechanical phenomena in inertial frames are based on the behavior of balls at the limit when their mass is zero. The kinematics of massless balls is like that of balls with mass. Light as a wave or particle is a massless entity. Therefore, it is natural to apply the kinematics of the massless balls to light. Consequently, the kinematics of light depends on its kinetics of electromagnetic nature and its kinematics of mechanical nature in its interactions of emission and reflection with the matter. The study of the physics phenomena in the frame at absolute rest includes those in the inertial frames. Considering this and applying the emission, propagation, and reflection of light as mechanical phenomena in the vacuum of the frame at absolute rest, this study derives formulas for the speed of the wavefront of a ray of light reflected by a fixed and moving mirror when the light comes from a fixed and moving source. The derived formulas apply to the modified Michelson interferometer, employed independently by R. Tomaschek and D. C. Miller in their experiments.
Co-application of Biochar-Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana
Authors: Aboagye Daniel Asiamah , Adjadeh Wilfred TJ , Asuming-Brempong Stella , Nartey Eric Kwesi
Published: April 2022

Inherent low soil fertility status limits productivity of rice in the lowland ecologies in Northern Ghana. Combining organic and inorganic N fertilizers could help to maintain the fertility of lowland soils for rice production. A screen house pot experiment was carried out to investigate the combined effect of biochar-compost and inorganic N fertilizer on the nitrogen uptake and agronomic performance of rice plants grown on Eutric Gleysol lowland soil. Inorganic N fertilizer alone and its combinations with different types of biochar-compost (based on the proportions of biochar and compost) were used as treatment. A control (unamended soil) was also included. The incorporation of biochar-compost and inorganic N fertilizer improved the growth parameters and yield components of rice plants. The combination of biochar-compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was also found to improve nitrogen uptake and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in rice plants. This practice could be the most likely viable option for alleviating lowlands soil fertility issues and increasing rice productivity in Northern Ghana.
Holographic Dendrogramic Theory: Predictability of Relational Dynamics of the Event Universe and the Emergence of Time Arrow
Authors: Shor Oded , Benninger Felix , Khrennikov Andrei
Published: April 2022

Recently we started the development of Holographic Dendrogramic Theory (DH-theory). It is based on the novel mathematical representation of the relational event universe (in the spirit of (Smolin, Barbour, Rovelli). Elementary events are represented by branches of dendrograms, finite trees, which are generated from data with clustering algorithms. In this note we study the dynamics of the event-universe generated by the appearance of a new event. Generally, each new event can generate the complete reconstruction of the whole dendrogramic universe. However, we found (via numerical simulation) unexpected stability of this universe. Its events are coupled via the hierarchic relational structure which is relatively stable with respect even random generation of new events. We also observe the regularity patterns in location of new events on dendrograms. In the curse of evolution, the dendrogram’s complexity increases and determine the arrow of time the event universe. We use the complexity measure from particle shape dynamics which was shown to be increase in both direction away from a Janus point and thus determine the arrow of time in symmetrical manner away from a Janus point. The particle shape dynamics theory is a relational theory with close ideological resemblance to DH-theory as both relays on Mach’s principle and Leibniz’s relationalism and his principles. By using the complexity measure on dendrograms and its p-adic string representation, we demonstrate the emergence of time arrow from the p-adic zero-dimensional field, where space and time are absent.
Three-Dimensional Distribution of Biomass Burning Aerosols from Australian Wildfires Observed by TROPOMI Satellite Observations
Authors: Lemmouchi Farouk , Cuesta Juan , Eremenko Maxim , Derognat Claude , Siour Guillaume , Dufour Gaëlle , Sellitto Pasquale , Turquety Solène , Tran Dung , Liu Xiong , Zoogman Peter , Lutz Ronny , Loyola Diego
Published: April 2022

We present a novel passive satellite remote sensing approach for observing the three-dimensional distribution of aerosols emitted from wildfires. This method, called AEROS5P, retrieves vertical profiles of aerosol extinction from measurements of the TROPOMI satellite sensor onboard the Sentinel 5 Precursor mission. It uses a Tikhonov-Phillips regularization which iteratively fits cloud-free near-infrared and visible selected reflectances to simultaneously adjust the vertical distribution and abundance of aerosols. The information on the altitude of the aerosol layers is provided by TROPOMI measurements of the reflectance spectra at the oxygen A-band near 760 nm. In the present paper, we use this new approach for observing the daily evolution of the three-dimensional distribution of biomass burning aerosols emitted by Australian wildfires on 20-24 December 2019. Aerosol optical depths (AOD) derived by vertical integration of the aerosol extinction profiles retrieved by AEROS5P are compared with MODIS, VIIRS and AERONET coincident observations. They show a good agreement in the horizontal distribution of biomass burning aerosols, with a correlation coefficient of 0.86 and a mean absolute error of 0.2 with respect to VIIRS. A fair agreement is found between coincident transects of vertical profiles of biomass burning aerosols derived from AEROS5P and from the CALIOP spaceborne lidar. The mean altitude of these aerosols derived from these two measurements show a good agreement, with a small mean bias (185 m) and a correlation coefficient of 0.83. Moreover, AEROS5P observations reveal the height of injection of the biomass burning aerosols in 3D. The highest injection heights during the period of analysis are coincident with the largest fire radiative power derived from MODIS. Consistency is also found with respect to the vertical stability of the atmosphere.
Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Malnutrition among Haemodialytic Patients: A Two-Centre Study in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Turkistani Waad M. , Azzeh Firas S. , Ghaith Mazen M. , Bahubaish Lujain A. , Kensara Osama A. , Almasmoum Hussain A. , Aldairi Abdullah F. , Khan Anmar A. , Alghamdi Ahmad A. , Shamlan Ghalia , Alhussain Maha H. , Algheshairy Reham M. , AlShahrani Abdullah M. , Qutob Maysoun S. , Alazzeh Awfa Y. , Qutob Haitham M.
Published: April 2022

Background: Chronic kidney disease, one of the most common diseases in the world, is characterized by irreversible impairment of the kidney’s metabolic, excretory, and endocrine functions. During end-stage renal disease, patients require renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis (HD). Protein-energy wasting is a common health problem among HD patients. However, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of HD patients at two HD centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to determine its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two different Dialysis Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 211 female and male HD patients. Malnutrition was recognized using the Modified-SGA (M-SGA) comprising two parts: medical history and physical examination. Sociodemographic and health status for all patients were also determined. Patients were classified based on their M-SGA score into two groups: normal and malnourished. Results: Overall, 54.5% of the participants showed malnutrition. Unemployment, low muscle strength and mass, high level of medication use, and high dialysis vintage were positively (P<0.05) associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The M-SGA score indicates a high prevalence of malnutrition among HD patients. These results show the importance of regular assessment and follow-ups for HD patients ensuring better health and nutritional status.
Optimal COVID-19 Therapeutic Candidate Discovery Using the CANDO Platform
Authors: Mangione William , Falls Zackary , Samudrala Ram
Published: April 2022

The worldwide outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in early 2020 caused numer- ous deaths and unprecedented measures to control its spread. We employed our Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities (CANDO) multiscale therapeutic discovery, repurposing, and design platform to identify small molecule inhibitors of the virus to treat its resulting indication, COVID-19. Initially, few experimental studies existed on SARS-CoV-2, so we optimized our drug candidate prediction pipelines using results from two independent high-throughput screens against prevalent human coronaviruses. Ranked lists of candidate drugs were generated using our open source cando.py software based on viral protein inhibition and proteomic interaction similarity. For the former viral protein inhibition pipeline, we computed interaction scores between all compounds in the corresponding candidate library and eighteen SARS-CoV proteins using an interaction scoring protocol with extensive parameter optimization which was then applied to the SARS-CoV-2 proteome for prediction. For the latter similarity based pipeline, we computed interaction scores between all compounds and human protein structures in our libraries then used a consensus scoring approach to identify candidates with highly similar proteomic interaction signatures to multiple known anti-coronavirus actives. We published our ranked candidate lists at the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, 51 of our 276 predictions have demonstrated anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in published clinical and experimental studies. These results illustrate the ability our platform to rapidly respond to emergent pathogens and provide greater evidence that treating compounds in a multitarget context more accurately describes their behavior in biological systems.
Urban Air Quality Measurements: A Survey
Authors: Usama Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Urban air quality is increasingly becoming a cause for concern for the health of the human population. The poor air quality is already wreaking havoc in major cities of the world, where serious health issues and reduction of average human life by a factor of years are reported. The air quality in developing countries can become worse as they undergo development. The urban air quality varies non-linearly depending upon the various factors such as land use, industrialization, waste disposal, traffic volume, etc. To address this problem, it is necessary to look at the plethora of available literature from multiple perspectives such as types and sources of pollutants, meteorology, urban mobility, urban planning and development, health care, economics, etc. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in urban air quality. We first review the fundamental background on air quality and present the emerging landscape of urban air quality. We then explore the available literature from multiple urban air quality measurement projects and provides the insights uncovered in them. We then take a look at the sources that are significantly contributing to polluting the air quality. Finally, we highlight open issues and research challenges in dealing with urban air pollution.
Percentages of Vaccination Coverage Required To Establish Herd Immunity Against SARS-Cov-2
Authors: Plans-Rubió Pedro
Published: April 2022

The pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide public health challenge. The WHO has proposed to achieve 70% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries by mid-2022. Nevertheless, the prevention strategy based on COVID-19 vaccination and other applied prevention measures have not been sufficient to prevent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves. The study assessed the vaccination coverage that would be required to establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into account virus transmissibility (Ro values from 1.1 to 10) and Covid-19 vaccination effectiveness. The study found that Covid-19 vaccination programs could establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 with Ro < 3 with levels of Covid-19 vaccination effectiveness of 10−100% and against viruses with Ro values ranging from 3 to 10 with levels of Covid-19 vaccination effectiveness of 70−100%. Factors reducing Covid-19 vaccination effectiveness (emergent variants, reinfections, high risk individuals) and factors increasing SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility (close settings) increased percentages of vaccination coverage that would be required to establish herd immunity. The vaccination coverage objective of 70% could be adequate against SARS-CoV-2 with Ro values of 1.1−2.5, while percentages of vaccination coverage of 80% and 90% could be more adequate against viruses with Ro values of 2.5−3.5 and >3.5, respectively. On February 2022, the vaccination coverage for complete vaccination was lower than 70% in 73.2% of the countries of the world. Percentages of Covid-19 vaccination coverage must be increased in most countries of the world to increase individual and herd immunity levels in the population.
Analysis and Modeling of Soil Salinity Using Sentinel-2A and LANDSAT-8 images in the Afambo Irrigated Area, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Anwar Mohammed , Sodango Terefe Hanchiso , Assefa Sileshi Abi
Published: April 2022

Soil salinity is a severe soil degradation problem mainly faced in arid and semi-arid regions. About 11 million ha of land in the arid, semi-arid, and desert parts of Ethiopia is salt-affected, especially in the Awash River basin, including Afambo irrigated area. Remote sensing approaches are significant tools for accurately predicting and modeling accurately predicting and modeling soil salinity in various world regions. This study aims to analyze and model soil salinity status in the case of Afambo irrigated areas using Landsat-8 and sentinel-2A, Afar region, Ethiopia, by applying remote sensing with field measurements. Thirty-two soil samples were collected from the topsoil (0-30 cm); out of these, 25 soil samples with various EC ranges were selected for modeling, and the remaining 7 samples were utilized to validate the model. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A images acquired in the same month were used to extract soil salinity indices. Linear regression analyses correlated the EC data with corresponding soil salinity spectral index values derived from satellite images. The best-performing model was selected for salinity mapping. The soil salinity indices extracted from both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A bands estimated soil salinity with high acceptable accuracy of R2 values of SI, 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. The model results in three salinity classes with varying degree of salinity, namely, highly saline, moderately saline, and slightly saline, which covers 15.1%, 39.8% and 45.1% of the total area for Landsat-8, respectively and 26.1%, 32%, and 41.9% for sentinel 2A, respectively. Generally, the results revealed that the expansion rate of salt-affected soils has been increasing. From this study, it is possible to infer that if the present irrigation practice continues, it is expected that total the cultivated lands will become sterile within a short period. Thus, it needs to be monitored regularly to secure up-to-date knowledge of their extent to improve management practices and take appropriate actions.
Using Objective Analysis for the Assimilation of Satellite Derived Aerosol Products to Improve PM2.5 Predictions over Europe
Authors: Chrit Mounir , Majdi Marwa
Published: April 2022

We used the objective analysis method in junction with the successive correction method to assimilate MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data into Chimère model in order to improve the modeling of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and AOD field over Europe. A data assimilation module was developed to adjust the daily initial total column aerosol concentrations based on a forecast-analysis cycling scheme. The model is then evaluated during one-month winter period to examine how such data assimilation technique pushes the model results closer to surface observations. This comparison showed that the mean biases of both surface PM2.5 concentrations and AOD field could be reduced from -34 to -15% and from -45 to -27%. The assimilation however leads to false alarms because of the difficulty to distribute AOD550 over different particles sizes. The impact of the influence radius is found to be small and depends on the density of satellite data. This work, although preliminary, is important in terms of near-real time air quality forecasting using Chimère model and can be further developed to improve modeled PM2.5 and ozone concentrations.
Clamping Force of A Multilayered Cylindrical Clamp with Internal Friction
Authors: Sun Bohua , Guo Xiao-Lin
Published: April 2022

Holding an object by clamping force is a fundamental phenomena, layered or laminated architectures with internal sliding features are essential mechanism in natural and man-made structural system. In this paper, we combine the layered architecture and clamping mechanism to form a multilayered clamp and study the clamping force with internal friction. Our investigations show that the clamping force and energy dissipation are very mich depend on the number of layers, its geometry and elasticity, as well as internal friction. The central goal of studying the covered book is not only to predict the clamping force of the clamp, but also as a representative case to help finding some clue on the universal behaviours of multilayered architectures with internal friction.
An improved search ability of particle swarm optimization algorithm for tracking maximum power point under shading conditions
Authors: Saeed H. , Mehmood T. , Khan F. A. , Shah M. S. , Ullah M. F. , Ali H.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Extracting maximum possible power from solar energy is a hot topic of the day as other sources have become costly and lead to pollution. Problem. Dependency on sunlight for power generation makes it unfeasible to extract maximum power. Environmental conditions like shading, partial shading and weak shading are the major aspect due to which the output of photovoltaic systems is greatly affected. Partial shading is the most known issue. Goal. There have been many proposed techniques and algorithms to extract maximum output from solar resources by use of photovoltaic arrays but every technique has had some shortcomings that couldn’t serve the complete purpose. Methodology. Nature inspired algorithms have proven to be good to search global maximum in a partially shaded multipeak curve which includes particle swarm optimization, artificial bee colony algorithm, and flower pollination algorithm. Methods. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is best among these in finding global peaks with less oscillation around maximum power point, less complexity, and easy to implement nature. Particle swarm optimization algorithm has the disadvantage of having a long computational time and converging speed, particularly under strong shading conditions. Originality. In this paper, an improved opposition based particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to track the global maximum power point of a solar photovoltaic module. Simulation studies have been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink R2018a. Practical value. Simulation studies have proved that opposition based particle swarm optimization algorithm is more efficient, less complex, more robust, and more flexible and has better convergence speed than particle swarm optimization algorithm, perturb and observe algorithm, hill climbing algorithm, and incremental conductance algorithm.
Influence of doping additive on thermophysical and rheological properties of halogen-free polymer composition for cable insulation and sheaths
Authors: Zolotaryov V. M. , Chulieieva O. V. , Chulieiev V. L. , Kuleshova T. A. , Suslin M. S.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The demand for halogen-free fire-resistant compositions for the manufacture of fire-retardant wires and cables is constantly growing. Problem. Therefore, the creation and further processing of these materials is an urgent problem. Goal. The aim of the article is to study the effect of the doping additive on the thermophysical and rheological properties of halogen-free compositions for power cables with voltage 1 kV with the determination of both the temperatures of phase and structural transformations of polymer compositions. Methodology. Experiments investigating the phase transformations were carried out with the help device of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry TGA/DSC 1/1100 SF of METTLER TOLEDO company. Rheological studies of polymeric materials were conducted by using the method of capillary viscosimetry in the device IIRT–AM. Results. The influence of the doping additive on the formation of the supramolecular structure of the filled polymer compositions for cable products was determined, that resulted in the temperature increase of the decomposition beginning by 11 °С and the end of decomposition by 7 °С. Originality. The effect of a doping additive on reducing the effective melt viscosity of a polymer composition from 6·104 to 1·104 Pa·s with increasing shear rate has been shown for the first time. The shear rate of the polymer composition containing the doping additive increases from 0.5 to 20 s–1 with increasing shear stress. Practical value. The research results provide an opportunity to reasonably approach the development of effective technological processes for the manufacture of the insulation and sheaths of power cables from halogen-free polymer compositions.
Evaluasi Kirkpatrick Level I Pelatihan Communication Skills Di Balai Diklat Keuangan Malang
Authors: Nawawi M. Bahrun
Published: April 2022

Untuk mengetahui efektifitas suatu pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kompetensi dan kinerja pegawai diperlukan evaluasi. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pelatihan adalah dengan Kirkpatrick four levels evaluation model yang dikembangkan oleh Kirkpatrick. Model evaluasi ini terdiri dari empat macam level evaluasi yaitu reaksi, pembelajaran, perilaku dan hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reaksi peserta terhadap penyelenggaraan pelatihan dan pengajar pada pelatihan communication skills Angkatan 1 tahun 2021 di Balai Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Keuangan Malang (level-1). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa reaksi peserta pelatihan terhadap penyelenggaraan dan pengajar dalam pelatihan communication skills ini adalah sangat baik sebagaimana ditunjukkan dari penilaian peserta dengan rata-rata nilai diatas 4,5. Namun demikian, perlu dipertimbangkan masukan dari peserta berkaitan dengan waktu penyelenggaraan, durasi waktu synchronous dan memberikan tambahan contoh guna meningkatkan kualitas pelatihan sejenis di masa yang akan datang.
CRÉDITO IRRESPONSABLE Y EXCESOS INMOBILIARIOS
Authors: Merchán Aparicio Carlos
Published: April 2022

Este artículo pretende analizar los problemas de crédito originados por la crisis económica, que ha traído importantes problemas para los consumidores y las causas de la insolvencia de la persona física.
PRINCIPALES REFORMAS INCORPORADAS POR LA LEY 5/2021, PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA IMPLICACIÓN A LARGO PLAZO DE LOS ACCIONISTAS EN LAS SOCIEDADES COTIZADAS
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Brenes Cortés Josefa
Published: April 2022

La Ley 5/2021, de 12 de abril tiene por objeto la transposición al Ordenamiento español de la Directiva (UE) 2017/828 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 17 de mayo de 2017, por la que se modifica la Directiva 2007/36/CE, en lo que respecta al fomento de la implicación a largo plazo de los accionistas en las sociedades cotizadas. Asimismo, la Ley aprovecha para introducir otras modificaciones, sobre todo, en materia de gobierno corporativo, incremento de la sostenibilidad y mejora del funcionamiento de los mercados de capitales. En este trabajo realizaremos un primer examen de las novedades más relevantes que se incorporan en nuestra legislación societaria y que persiguen una mayor participación de los accionistas, mejorar la financiación que reciben las sociedades cotizadas a largo plazo a través de los mercados de capitales y aumentar la trasparencia en la actuación de los agentes que intervienen en el mercado de capitales y en relación con las remuneraciones de los consejeros o la realización de operaciones entre la sociedad y sus partes vinculadas.
REPRESENTACIÓN PARTICULAR DEL SOCIO Y LA POSIBILIDAD DE ADQUISICIÓN IGUALITARIA DE DIVIDENDOS
Authors:   J.Soler & Asociados Estudio Jurídico Económico, Soler Samper Francisco
Published: April 2022

El objeto de este artículo es el comentario y reflexión sobre la resolución de la Dirección General de Seguridad Jurídica y Fe pública de 14 de abril de 2021. Dicho órgano resuelve sobre el recurso interpuesto por el abogado de una sociedad contra la negativa del Registro mercantil a inscribir la escritura de constitución.
PROPUESTA DE ADAPTACIÓN DE LA DIRECTIVA DE DIGITALIZACIÓN 2019/1151 A LA VISTA DEL DERECHO COMPARADO
Authors: Álvarez Royo-Villanova Segismundo
Published: April 2022

La Directiva (UE) 2019/1151 de 20 de junio de 2019 modifica la Directiva (UE) 2017/1132 tiene dos objetivos: permitir la creación de sociedades y sucursales en línea y “facilitar información exhaustiva y accesible sobre las sociedades” también a través de medios electrónicos, ampliando la información que debe proporcionarse gratuitamente y mejorando la interconexión entre registros. Aunque me ocupo aquí solo del primero, no hay que olvidar que el acceso público y gratuito a la información fundamental del Registro Mercantil -sobre todo si fuéramos capaces de ofrecerla en inglés- sería una gran mejora de la competitividad de nuestro sistema jurídico mercantil.
IMPACTO DEL HIPERPRESIDENCIALISMO EN EL MERCADO DE LOS HIDROCARBUROS EN MÉXICO
Authors:   Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Islas Colín Alfredo ,   PNPC-CONACYT, Domínguez Vázquez Julio Alberto ,   Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco
Published: April 2022

La Reforma Energética de 2013 y 2014 generó cambios radicales en el marco regulatorio de los hidrocarburos. Estas modificaciones dieron facultades excesivas al Presidente de la República para tomar el control de la industria petrolera, mediante el ejercicio autoritario del poder sobre Petróleos Mexicanos y la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos.