bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic behaviour of the silica-water-bio electrical double layer in the presence of a divalent electrolyte
Authors: Lowe B. M. , Maekawa Y. , Shibuta Y. , Sakata T. , Skylaris C.-K. , Green N. G.
Published: October 2016

Molecular dynamics simulation of the electric double layer at the silica-water-bio interface in mixed electrolyte. Water orientation and charge distribution showed a significant effect on the electrostatics at the interface.
Contrasting effects of pH on the modulation of the structural integrity of hemoglobin induced by sodium deoxycholate
Authors: Mondal Ramakanta , Ghosh Narayani , Mukherjee Saptarshi
Published: October 2016

Bile salt-mediated conformational modification of hemoglobin (Hb) was examined at three different pHsi.e., 3.2, 7.4 and 9.0.
Specific cation interactions as the cause of slow dynamics and hysteresis in dye and perovskite solar cells: a small-perturbation study
Authors: Contreras Lidia , Idígoras Jesús , Todinova Anna , Salado Manuel , Kazim Samrana , Ahmad Shahzada , Anta Juan A.
Published: October 2016

Hysteresis is one of the most remarkable features of perovskite solar cells; however, it is also present in other kinds of devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells.
Highly stable silica-coated gold nanorods dimers for solution-based SERS
Authors: Haidar Israa , Lévi Georges , Mouton Ludovic , Aubard Jean , Grand Johan , Lau-Truong Stéphanie , Neuville Daniel R. , Félidj Nordin , Boubekeur-Lecaque Leïla
Published: October 2016

A bottom-up approach enabled us to have novel core–shell Au@SiO2 dimers highly stable in water (at least 5 months) with substantially improved SERS performances as compared to isolated nanorods.
Experimental and theoretical identification of the Fe(vii) oxidation state in FeO4−
Authors: Lu Jun-Bo , Jian Jiwen , Huang Wei , Lin Hailu , Li Jun , Zhou Mingfei
Published: October 2016

Two isomers of iron tetraoxygen anion, dioxoiron peroxide [(η2-O2)FeO2]− and tetroxide FeO4− were characterized by experiment and theoretical calculations, with heptavalent Fe(vii) oxidation state identified in the later.
Developments in the chemistry of the hard early metals (Groups 1–6) with thioether, selenoether and telluroether ligands
Authors: Chang Yao-Pang , Levason William , Reid Gillian
Published: October 2016

Key developments in the coordination chemistry of the soft, neutral chalcogenoether ligands towards hard s-, f- and early d-block ions, and their prospects for various applications are discussed.
Effects of natural organic matter and sulfidation on the flocculation and filtration of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Tongren , Lawler Desmond F. , Chen Yunqi , Lau Boris L. T.
Published: October 2016

Environmental transformations had different effects on self-aggregation and initial deposition in granular media filtration, contrary to traditional theory.
Investigation of cloud point extraction for the analysis of metallic nanoparticles in a soil matrix
Authors: El Hadri Hind , Hackley Vincent A.
Published: October 2016

The characterization of manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) in environmental samples is necessary to assess their behavior, fate and potential toxicity.
Micro-kinetic simulations of the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine on the Cu(111) surface
Authors: Tafreshi Saeedeh S. , Roldan Alberto , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: October 2016

Hydrazine (N2H4) is produced at industrial scale from the partial oxidation of ammonia or urea. The hydrogen content (12.5 wt%) and price of hydrazine make it a good source of hydrogen fuel, which is also easily transportable in the hydrate form, thus enabling the production of H2in situ. N2H4 is currently used as a monopropellant thruster to control and adjust the orbits and altitudes of spacecrafts and satellites; with similar procedures applicable in new carbon-free technologies for power generators, e.g. proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The N2H4 decomposition is usually catalysed by the expensive Ir/Al2O3 material, but a more affordable catalyst is needed to scale-up the process whilst retaining reaction control. Using a complementary range of computational tools, including newly developed micro-kinetic simulations, we have derived and analysed the N2H4 decomposition mechanism on the Cu(111) surface, where the energetic terms of all states have been corrected by entropic terms. The simulated temperature-programmed reactions have shown how the pre-adsorbed N2H4 coverage and heating rate affect the evolution of products, including NH3, N2 and H2. The batch reactor simulations have revealed that for the scenario of an ideal Cu terrace, a slow but constant production of H2 occurs, 5.4% at a temperature of 350 K, while the discharged NH3 can be recycled into N2H4. These results show that Cu(111) is not suitable for hydrogen production from hydrazine. However, real catalysts are multi-faceted and present defects, where previous work has shown a more favourable N2H4 decomposition mechanism, and, perhaps, the decomposition of NH3 improves the production of hydrogen. As such, further investigation is needed to develop a general picture.
Evaluation of a furochromone from the halophyte Corydalis heterocarpa for cytotoxic activity against human gastric cancer (AGS) cells
Authors: Kong Chang-Suk , Kim You Ah , Kim Hojun , Seo Youngwan
Published: October 2016

Furochromones from Corydalis heterocarpa induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer (AGS) cells.
Efficient triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion in binary crystalline solids fabricated via solution casting and operated in air
Authors: Kamada Kenji , Sakagami Yusuke , Mizokuro Toshiko , Fujiwara Yutaka , Kobayashi Kenji , Narushima Kaishi , Hirata Shuzo , Vacha Martin
Published: October 2016

Binary crystalline solids via solution casting under rapid drying conditions were found to show efficient triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion by suppressing the segregation of the components.
Stereoselective construction of 2-vinyl 3-hydroxybenzopyran rings: total syntheses of teadenols A and B
Authors: Yoshida Ryunosuke , Ouchi Hitoshi , Yoshida Atsushi , Asakawa Tomohiro , Inai Makoto , Egi Masahiro , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Kan Toshiyuki
Published: October 2016

Total syntheses of teadenols A and B, isolated from fermented tea, were accomplished in a highly stereocontrolled manner.
Facile one-pot/one-step synthesis of heterotelechelic N-acylated poly(aminoester) macromonomers for carboxylic acid decorated comb polymers
Authors: de Jongh Patrick A. J. M. , Bennett Mechelle R. , Sulley Greg S. , Wilson Paul , Davis Thomas P. , Haddleton David M. , Kempe Kristian
Published: October 2016

Optimal monomer ratios in the spontaneous zwitterionic copolymerisation yield defined telechelic macromonomers with near quantitative ω-carboxylic acid end groups.
Synthesis of 3,4-diaminobenzenethiol and its application in gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric determination of copper ions
Authors: Zhang Chi , Lu Li-Qiang , Deng Pan , Tian Xi-Ke , Liu Ming-Yang , Li Ai-Min
Published: October 2016

3,4-Diaminobenzenethiol can react with AuNPs via a strong covalent Au–S bond. The exposed amino functional groups on the benzene ring from neighboring AuNPs could bind to copper ions, resulting in AuNP aggregation.
Platinum nanoparticles supported on polymeric ionic liquid functionalized magnetic silica: effective and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols in water
Authors: Vessally Esmail , Ghasemisarabbadeih Mostafa , Ekhteyari Zeynab , Hosseinzadeh-Khanmiri Rahim , Ghorbani-Kalhor Ebrahim , Ejlali Ladan
Published: October 2016

In this manuscript, we demonstrate that functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles are efficient and recyclable catalysts for the selective, aerobic oxidation of various primary and secondary alcohols.
Evaluation of Ce-doped Pr2CuO4for potential application as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Kolchina L. M. , Lyskov N. V. , Kuznetsov A. N. , Kazakov S. M. , Galin M. Z. , Meledin A. , Abakumov A. M. , Bredikhin S. I. , Mazo G. N. , Antipov E. V.
Published: October 2016

Pr2−xCexCuO4(x= 0.05; 0.1; 0.15) samples were synthesized and systematically characterized towards application as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).
Controlled synthesis of N-doped carbon spheres with different morphologies for supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Zuosong , Shen Shaodian , Ma Limeng , Mao Dongsen , Lu Guanzhong
Published: October 2016

A facile and general strategy has been developed to synthesize nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres, newly nitrogen doped lychee exocarp-like mesoporous carbon spheres and nitrogen doped core–shell mesoporous carbon spheres.
Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) coordination networks based on N-donor ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, and sensing of nitroaromatic explosives
Authors: Du Jian-Long , Li Chao-Ping , Gao Ju-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Ying , Jing Xu , Mu Ya-Juan , Li Li-Jun
Published: October 2016

Four new Zn(ii)/Cd(ii) complexes with 1D, 2D, and 3D structures have been synthesized and they exhibit high sensitivity sensing responses to nitroaromatic explosives.
Imidazole derivatives differentially destabilize the low pH conformation of lysozyme through weak electrostatic interactions
Authors: Gangele Krishnakant , Poluri Krishna Mohan
Published: October 2016

Imidazole derivatives forms charge transfer complexes with lysozyme at low pH (4–2) and destabilize its conformation through weak electrostatic interactions.
Engineering of multi-shelled SnO2 hollow microspheres for highly stable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ren Hao , Wang Jiangyan , Qi Jian , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan , Liu Yunling
Published: October 2016

Triple-shelled SnO2 hollow microspheres not only maintain a hierarchical structure during lithium insertion and extraction processes, but also improve the capacity of lithium-ion batteries.
Rational design and characterization of heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes for highly efficient deep-blue OLEDs
Authors: Feng Yansong , Zhuang Xuming , Zhu Dongxia , Liu Yu , Wang Yue , Bryce Martin R.
Published: October 2016

Deep-blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) based on new heteroleptic iridium complexes achieve remarkably high performance with low efficiency roll-off at high luminance.
Researchers: share your passion for science!
Authors: Concannon Claire , Grenon Muriel
Published: October 2016

The promotion of the public understanding of science has many positive impacts on society, including expanding the reach of science to a broader range of individuals and having a favourable impact on the economy. It also results in many benefits for researchers involved, including the development of their communication skills and improvement in the quality of their research. Despite increased awareness of the importance of public engagement (PE), the involvement of researchers has only slightly increased in the last 10 years. Time constraints, lack of opportunity and lack of funding are the main barriers preventing their participation. We propose that joining an existing PE programme can be a good way for scientists to overcome these barriers. We list specific examples of established activities that are easy for researchers to get involved in, allowing them to share their enthusiasm for science.
The unconventional kinetoplastid kinetochore: from discovery toward functional understanding
Authors: Akiyoshi Bungo
Published: October 2016

The kinetochore is the macromolecular protein complex that drives chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. Its most fundamental function is to connect centromeric DNA to dynamic spindle microtubules. Studies in popular model eukaryotes have shown that centromere protein (CENP)-A is critical for DNA-binding, whereas the Ndc80 complex is essential for microtubule-binding. Given their conservation in diverse eukaryotes, it was widely believed that all eukaryotes would utilize these components to make up a core of the kinetochore. However, a recent study identified an unconventional type of kinetochore in evolutionarily distant kinetoplastid species, showing that chromosome segregation can be achieved using a distinct set of proteins. Here, I review the discovery of the two kinetochore systems and discuss how their studies contribute to a better understanding of the eukaryotic chromosome segregation machinery.
Polyadenylation and degradation of RNA in the mitochondria
Authors: Levy Shiri , Schuster Gadi
Published: October 2016

Mitochondria have their own gene expression machinery and the relative abundance of RNA products in these organelles in animals is mostly dictated by their rate of degradation. The molecular mechanisms regulating the differential accumulation of the transcripts in this organelle remain largely elusive. Here, we summarize the present knowledge of how RNA is degraded in human mitochondria and describe the coexistence of stable poly(A) tails and the nonabundant tails, which have been suggested to play a role in the RNA degradation process.
Reducing frequency domain spectroscopy measurement time for condition monitoring of transformer oil‐paper insulation using non‐sinusoidal excitations
Authors: Chatterjee Soumya , Pradhan Arpan Kumar , Dalai Sovan , Chatterjee Biswendu , Chakravorti Sivaji
Published: October 2016

In conventional frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) measurement, sinusoidal excitation is applied to a composite oil‐paper insulation under test, for a minimum of two cycles over a wide range of frequencies typically starting from 1 kHz to 1 mHz or even upto 0.1 mHz. The frequency sweep down to 1 mHz, is inevitably time consuming especially in lower frequency ranges. Considering the aforesaid fact, the main aim of the present study is to reduce overall FDS measurement time. The insulation under test is subjected to some fraction of one full cycle of excitation, and the corresponding dielectric response current is measured for each fraction. Using least square curve‐fitting technique, response current over two cycles is predicted from which dielectric dissipation factor (tanδ) is calculated. For this contribution, sinusoidal and non‐sinusoidal excitations in form of triangular waveform with five different initial slopes are used as excitation voltage. The technique is experimentally validated on three samples with different preset moisture contents prepared in the laboratory. The dielectric dissipation factor obtained by using the proposed technique is compared with the conventional method using two cycles, which show negligible differences. Most important of all is the overall test time, which can be brought down significantly when compared with conventional FDS measurement.
Le profilage ribosomique
Authors: Blin Juliana , Ricci Emiliano P.
Published: October 2016

L’explosion du nombre de techniques basées sur le séquençage massif parallèle est actuellement en train de révolutionner l’étude des systèmes biologiques en permettant à l’expérimentateur d’avoir une vision globale des processus se déroulant à l’échelle moléculaire. Parmi ces nouvelles approches, le profilage ribosomique est un outil particulièrement puissant pour l’étude de la traduction à un niveau de détail jamais égalé auparavant. Cette technique permet notamment de cartographier très précisément la position des ribosomes sur l’ensemble des ARN messagers en cours de traduction dans la cellule à un moment donné. Dans le cas d’une infection virale, il est ainsi possible d’étudier les mécanismes souvent très complexes et encore mal compris qui sont mis en place par les virus pour assurer la production des protéines nécessaires à leur multiplication. Cette synthèse a pour but de discuter la manière dont le profilage ribosomique peut nous permettre de mieux comprendre le cycle de réplication virale, mais aussi de montrer les biais liés à la technique à prendre en compte lors de l’analyse des résultats.
Une histoire de la recherche clinique en cardiologie
Authors: Veyrat Colette , Bruel Christiane
Published: October 2016

Il y a moins de cinquante ans, la détection par l’effet Doppler des sens antéro- et rétrogrades du courant sanguin appliquée à l’étude des flux cardiaques a été rendue possible par une petite équipe confidentielle, constituée en majeure partie de cardiologues cliniciens. Elle a révolutionné l’approche de la physiopathologie cardiovasculaire et imposé une nouvelle méthodologie d’examen répandue dans le monde entier. Sous la forme d’un entretien réalisé par le Dr Christiane Bruel, médecin général de santé publique, le Docteur Colette Veyrat, cardiologue, chargé de recherches honoraire au CNRS, ex-directeur du laboratoire d’Écho-Doppler, service de cardiologie de l’Hôpital Bicêtre, se souvient…
HGP-write : après la lecture, l’écriture ?
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: October 2016

The recently proposed « HGP-write » project aims to synthetize a full human genome and to introduce it into cells. This ambitious endeavour is fraught with financial and technical uncertainties and, if successful, would make « synthetic humans » a definite possibility even though this is not part of its announced goals. Accordingly, it has not been received with enthusiasm.
Cobalt and iron segregation and nitride formation from nitrogen plasma treatment of CoFeB surfaces
Authors: Mattson E. C. , Michalak D. J. , Veyan J. F. , Chabal Y. J.
Published: October 2016

Cobalt-iron-boron (CoFeB) thin films are the industry standard for ferromagnetic layers in magnetic tunnel junction devices and are closely related to the relevant surfaces of CoFe-based catalysts. Identifying and understanding the composition of their surfaces under relevant processing conditions is therefore critical. Here we report fundamental studies on the interaction of nitrogen plasma with CoFeB surfaces using infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and low energy ion scattering. We find that, upon exposure to nitrogen plasma, clean CoFeB surfaces spontaneously reorganize to form an overlayer comprised of Fe2N3 and BN, with the Co atoms moved well below the surface through a chemically driven process. Subsequent annealing to 400 °C removes nitrogen, resulting in a Fe-rich termination of the surface region.
Low temperature conduction-band transport in diamond
Authors: Majdi S. , Gabrysch M. , Kovi K. K. , Suntornwipat N. , Friel I. , Isberg J.
Published: October 2016

By performing Time-of-Flight measurements on high-purity single-crystalline chemical vapor deposited diamond, we are able to extract the electron drift velocity of valley-polarized electrons in the low-injection regime. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the conduction-band transport of valley-polarized electrons. The measurements were carried out within the temperature range of 10–80 K, and the experimental results are systematically compared with Monte Carlo charge transport simulations. We observe a rapid enhancement of the electron mobility with decreasing temperature, which reveals that inelastic effects in electron-phonon scattering become important below ∼40 K. In addition, we obtain the momentum relaxation rate for electrons with different valley polarizations.
On the calculation of solubilities via direct coexistence simulations: Investigation of NaCl aqueous solutions and Lennard-Jones binary mixtures
Authors: Espinosa J. R. , Young J. M. , Jiang H. , Gupta D. , Vega C. , Sanz E. , Debenedetti P. G. , Panagiotopoulos A. Z.
Published: October 2016

Direct coexistence molecular dynamics simulations of NaCl solutions and Lennard-Jones binary mixtures were performed to explore the origin of reported discrepancies between solubilities obtained by direct interfacial simulations and values obtained from the chemical potentials of the crystal and solution phases. We find that the key cause of these discrepancies is the use of crystal slabs of insufficient width to eliminate finite-size effects. We observe that for NaCl crystal slabs thicker than 4 nm (in the direction perpendicular to the interface), the same solubility values are obtained from the direct coexistence and chemical potential routes, namely, 3.7 ± 0.2 molal at T = 298.15 K and p = 1 bar for the JC-SPC/E model. Such finite-size effects are absent in the Lennard-Jones system and are likely caused by surface dipoles present in the salt crystals. We confirmed that μs-long molecular dynamics runs are required to obtain reliable solubility values from direct coexistence calculations, provided that the initial solution conditions are near the equilibrium solubility values; even longer runs are needed for equilibration of significantly different concentrations. We do not observe any effects of the exposed crystal face on the solubility values or equilibration times. For both the NaCl and Lennard-Jones systems, the use of a spherical crystallite embedded in the solution leads to significantly higher apparent solubility values relative to the flat-interface direct coexistence calculations and the chemical potential values. Our results have broad implications for the determination of solubilities of molecular models of ionic systems.
A fast, open source implementation of adaptive biasing potentials uncovers a ligand design strategy for the chromatin regulator BRD4
Authors: Dickson Bradley M. , de Waal Parker W. , Ramjan Zachary H. , Xu H. Eric , Rothbart Scott B.
Published: October 2016

In this communication we introduce an efficient implementation of adaptive biasing that greatly improves the speed of free energy computation in molecular dynamics simulations. We investigated the use of accelerated simulations to inform on compound design using a recently reported and clinically relevant inhibitor of the chromatin regulator BRD4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4). Benchmarking on our local compute cluster, our implementation achieves up to 2.5 times more force calls per day than plumed2. Results of five 1 μs-long simulations are presented, which reveal a conformational switch in the BRD4 inhibitor between a binding competent and incompetent state. Stabilization of the switch led to a −3 kcal/mol improvement of absolute binding free energy. These studies suggest an unexplored ligand design principle and offer new actionable hypotheses for medicinal chemistry efforts against this druggable epigenetic target class.
Single atom visibility in STEM optical depth sectioning
Authors: Ishikawa Ryo , Pennycook Stephen J. , Lupini Andrew R. , Findlay Scott D. , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi
Published: October 2016

The continuing development of aberration correctors for the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) offers the possibility of locating single atoms in crystals in 3D via optical depth sectioning. The main factors that determine the feasibility of such an approach are visibility and dose requirements. Here, we show how Poisson's statistics can be quantitatively incorporated into STEM image simulations and demonstrate that the 3D location of single cerium atoms in wurtzite-type aluminum nitride is indeed feasible under large-angle illumination conditions with a relatively low dose. We also show that chromatic aberration does not presently represent a limitation provided a cold field emission source is used. These results suggest efforts into improved aberration corrector designs for larger illumination angles that offer significant potential for 3D structure determination of materials.
Robust shell passivation of CdSe colloidal quantum dots to stabilize radioluminescence emission
Authors: Delage Marie-Ève , Lecavalier Marie-Ève , Cloutier Émily , Larivière Dominic , Allen Claudine Nì. , Beaulieu Luc
Published: October 2016

Systematic characterization of semiconductor colloidal quantum dots (cQDs) response to ionizing radiation must be performed to use them in radiation detection. In this study, the robustness of multi-shell (MS) and core/shell (CS) cQDs was investigated under irradiation. Radioluminescence (RL) measurements with kV and MV photon beams revealed a better resistance of MS cQDs to ionizing radiation, with their spectra fluctuating by barely ∼ 1 nm. A systematic signal recovery between subsequent irradiations was noticed for MS cQDs only. A beam energy dependence of the RL stability was detected between kV and MV energies. At the same point of dose cumulated, the RL signal loss for the kV beams was observed to be ∼6-7% smaller than that of the MV beam, for both types of cQDs. These results demonstrate that MS cQDs are better candidates as ionizing radiation sensors than CS cQDs, especially in the kV energy range.
A Quantum Theory of Atoms-in-Molecules Perspective and DFT Study of Two Natural Products: Trans-Communic Acid and Imbricatolic Acid
Authors: Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Khan Mohammad Faheem , Awasthi Shikha , Sangwan Reetu , Jain Sudha
Published: October 2016

The topological features of the charge densities, ρ(r), and the chemical reactivity of two most biologically relevant and chemically interesting scaffold systems i.e. trans-communic acid and imbricatolic acid have been determined using density functional theory. To identify, characterize, and quantify efficiently, the non-covalent interactions of the atoms in the molecules have been investigated quantitatively using Bader's quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) technique. The bond path is shown to persist for a range of weak H···H as well as C···H internuclear distances (in the range of 2.0–3.0 Å). These interactions exhibit all the hallmarks of a closed-shell weak interaction. To get insights into both systems, chemical reactivity descriptors, such as HOMO–LUMO, ionization potential, and chemical hardness, have been calculated and used to probe the relative stability and chemical reactivity. Some other useful information is also obtained with the help of several other electronic parameters, which are closely related to the chemical reactivity and reaction paths of the products investigated. Trans-communic acid seems to be chemically more sensitive when compared with imbricatolic acid due to its experimentally observed higher half-maximal inhibitory concentration (bioactivity parameter) value, which is in accordance with its higher chemical reactivity as theoretically predicted using density functional theory-based reactivity index. The quantum chemical calculations have also been performed in solution using different solvents, and the relative order of their structural and electronic properties as well as QTAIM-based parameters show patterns similar to those observed in gas phase only. This study further exemplifies the use and successful application of the bond path concept and the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules.
Caulobacter
PopZ forms an intrinsically disordered hub in organizing bacterial cell poles
Authors: Holmes Joshua A. , Follett Shelby E. , Wang Haibi , Meadows Christopher P. , Varga Krisztina , Bowman Grant R.
Published: October 2016

Significance

Despite being the simplest organisms, bacteria have complex subcellular anatomies. How does such organization occur in openly diffusive cytoplasm? We find that the cell pole organizing protein PopZ facilitates network formation by binding directly to at least eight other proteins. The binding region in PopZ is intrinsically disordered, suggesting PopZ has a flexible structure that adopts a different interface for each partner protein. In this way, PopZ resembles eukaryotic hub proteins, such as p53 and BRCA1, which coordinate complex signaling networks. Rapid cycles of binding, unbinding, and rebinding within PopZ networks indicate that bacterial cell poles, similar to their eukaryotic counterparts, are highly dynamic structures.
Synthesis, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of glycosides of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and pinostilbene
Authors: Uesugi Daisuke , Hamada Hiroki , Shimoda Kei , Kubota Naoji , Ozaki Shin-ichi , Nagatani Naoki
Published: October 2016

The stilbene compound resveratrol was glycosylated to give its 4′-O-β-D-glucoside as the major product in addition to its 3-O-β-D-glucoside by a plant glucosyltransferase from Phytolacca americana expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli. This enzyme transformed pterostilbene to its 4′-O-β-D-glucoside, and converted pinostilbene to its 4′-O-β-D-glucoside as a major product and its 3-O-β-D-glucoside as a minor product. An analysis of antioxidant capacity showed that the above stilbene glycosides had lower oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values than those of the corresponding stilbene aglycones. The 3-O-β-D-glucoside of resveratrol showed the highest ORAC value among the stilbene glycosides tested, and pinostilbene had the highest value among the stilbene compounds. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the stilbene aglycones were improved by glycosylation; the stilbene glycosides had higher activities than the stilbene aglycones. Resveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucoside had the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity among the stilbene compounds tested.
cAMP-dependent protein kinase involves calcium tolerance through the regulation of Prz1 inSchizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Matsuo Yasuhiro , Kawamukai Makoto
Published: October 2016

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase Pka1 is known as a regulator of glycogenesis, meiosis, and stress responses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We demonstrated that Pka1 is responsible for calcium tolerance. Loss of functional components of the PKA pathway such as Git3, Gpa2, Cyr1, and Pka1 yields a CaCl2-sensitive phenotype, while loss of Cgs1, a regulatory subunit of PKA, results in CaCl2 tolerance. Cytoplasmic distribution of Cgs1 and Pka1 is increased by the addition of CaCl2, suggesting that CaCl2 induces dissociation of Cgs1 and Pka1. The expression of Prz1, a transcriptional regulator in calcium homeostasis, is elevated in a pka1∆ strain and in a wild type strain under glucose-limited conditions. Accordingly, higher expression of Prz1 in the wild type strain results in a CaCl2-sensitive phenotype. These findings suggest that Pka1 is essential for tolerance to exogenous CaCl2, probably because the expression level of Prz1 needs to be properly regulated by Pka1.
Absorption of bovine angiogenin into peripheral blood of rats orally administered milk basic protein
Authors: Ishida Yuko , Yasueda Takehiko , Murakami Hiroki , Kato Ken
Published: October 2016

Bovine angiogenin is a major component of the bone resorption inhibitory activity of milk basic protein (MBP). The intestinal absorption of bovine angiogenin was investigated in a rat model, where it was detected in an intact form in the peripheral blood after the oral administration of MBP. This finding demonstrates that orally administered bovine angiogenin is absorbed without being degraded.
Another risky year: the state of the Arab nation, 2015/16
Authors: Dessouki Ali El Dean Hillal
Published: October 2016

Within the framework of risk analysis – considered one of the important perspectives for understanding socio-political systems, and their sources of cohesion or instability – this paper provides a general account of the major developments that have occurred in the Arab countries during and after 2015. It argues that the dangers and risks confronting these countries have been on the increase.
Corrections to: “On the equivariant K-theory of the nilpotent cone in the general linear group”
Authors: Achar Pramod
Published: October 2016

In the paper [P. Achar, On the equivariant

K
K

-theory of the nilpotent cone in the general linear group, Represent. Theory 8 (2004), 180–211], the author gave a combinatorial algorithm for computing the Lusztig–Vogan bijection for

G
L
(
n
,

C

)

GL(n,\mathbb {C})

. However, that paper failed to mention one easy case that may sometimes arise, making the description of the algorithm incomplete. This note fills in that gap.
Concentrate Questions and Answers Human Rights and Civil Liberties
Authors: Foster Steve
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, diagram answer plans, caution advice, suggested answers, illustrative diagrams and flowcharts, and advice on gaining extra marks. Concentrate Q&A Human Rights and Civil Liberties offers expert advice on what to expect from your human rights and civil liberties exam, how best to prepare, and guidance on what examiners are really looking for. Written by experienced examiners, it provides: clear commentary with each question and answer; bullet point and diagram answer plans; tips to make your answer really stand out from the crowd; and further reading suggestions at the end of every chapter. The book should help you to: identify typical law exam questions; structure a first-class answer; avoid common mistakes; show the examiner what you know; make your answer stand out from the crowd; and find relevant further reading. After an introduction, it covers: the nature and enforcement of human rights and civil liberties; the European Convention on Human Rights; the Human Rights Act 1998; the right to life; freedom from torture and inhuman and degrading treatment; due process, liberty and security of the person, and the right to a fair trial; prisoners’ rights; the right to private life; freedom of expression; and freedom of religion, association, and peaceful assembly.
2. Nature and Enforcement of Human Rights and Civil Liberties
Authors: Foster Steve
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, diagram answer plans, caution advice, suggested answers, illustrative diagrams and flowcharts and advice on gaining extra marks. Q&A Human Rights and Civil Liberties offers expert advice on what to expect from your human rights and civil liberties exam, how best to prepare, and guidance on what examiners are really looking for. Written by experienced examiners, it provides: clear commentary with each question and answer; bullet point and diagram answer plans; tips to make your answer really stand out from the crowd; and further reading suggestions at the end of every chapter. The book should help you to: identify typical law exam questions; structure a first-class answer; avoid common mistakes; show the examiner what you know; make your answer stand out from the crowd; and find relevant further reading.

This chapter covers the nature and enforcement of human rights, including their values and inherent restrictions and their protection at both domestic and international levels.
5. The Right to Life
Authors: Foster Steve
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, diagram answer plans, caution advice, suggested answers, illustrative diagrams and flowcharts and advice on gaining extra marks. Q&A Human Rights and Civil Liberties offers expert advice on what to expect from your human rights and civil liberties exam, how best to prepare, and guidance on what examiners are really looking for. Written by experienced examiners, it provides: clear commentary with each question and answer; bullet point and diagram answer plans; tips to make your answer really stand out from the crowd; and further reading suggestions at the end of every chapter. The book should help you to: identify typical law exam questions; structure a first-class answer; avoid common mistakes; show the examiner what you know; make your answer stand out from the crowd; and find relevant further reading.

This chapter covers the right to life, including its importance, the duty of the state to preserve it, and the situations where life can be taken.
2. Fundamental Principles of Criminal Liability— Actus Reus and Mens Rea
Authors: Allen Mischa
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This chapter presents sample exam questions on the elements of crime and suggested answers. The traditional starting point for the study of criminal law is the constituents of a criminal offence. These are the fundamental principles of criminal liability: actus reus (often referred to as the prohibited conduct, but more accurately described as the external elements of the offence) and mens rea (often referred to as the mental element, but more accurately described as the fault element). They include the distinction between acts and omissions, causation, and the different levels of fault (intention, recklessness and negligence).
10. Skills for Success in Coursework Assessments
Authors: Allen Mischa
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, diagram answer plans, suggested answers, and author commentary. This chapter deals with how to achieve success in coursework assessment in criminal law. It offers advice on how to get started and the different approaches needed to write the longer, more detailed answers required of coursework. Research and planning are essential. It is crucial to employ critical analysis, to stay relevant, and to stick to the word limit. Assessments must be approached logically and be tightly structured. Finally, students need to become familiar with correct referencing of legal authorities.
8. Corporate Liability:
Authors: Moore Imogen
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions and coursework. Each book includes typical questions, suggested answers with commentary, illustrative diagrams, guidance on how to develop your answer, suggestions for further reading, and advice on exams and coursework. This chapter examines company contracts including pre-incorporation contracts; the company’s capacity; directors’ authority; and restrictions on the powers of directors to bind the company. The chapter also considers liability of the company for tortious and criminal acts, including corporate manslaughter.
6. Parliamentary Sovereignty
Authors: Clements Richard
Published: October 2016

The Q&A series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each chapter includes typical questions; diagram problem and essay answer plans, suggested answers, notes of caution, tips on obtaining extra marks, the key debates on each topic and suggestions on further reading. This chapter considers questions relating to parliamentary sovereignty. There is a traditional doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, but it has had to be adapted to accommodate membership of the European Union. The questions deal with issues such as the meaning and implications of ‘parliamentary supremacy’; the impact of the UK’s EU membership on the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty; the effect of EU legislation, such as directives, in English Law; and how the European Union works.
Concentrate Questions and Answers EU Law
Authors: Foster Nigel
Published: October 2016

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offer the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and illustrative diagrams and flowcharts. Concentrate Q&A EU Law looks at a wide range of up-to-date issues relating to EU law, starting with the origins, institutions, and development of the EU communities, the legislative process, and budgets. Chapters then look at the sources and forms of Community law. The book examines the supremacy of Community law and the reception of the law in the EU member states. The Court of Justice has a chapter devoted to it. Next the book looks at the free movement of goods and persons. Finally the text turns to competition and merger law, and sex discrimination and equity law.
6. Unregistered land
Authors: MacKenzie Judith-Anne
Published: October 2016

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provide an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter continues the discussion of the planned purchase of 2 Trant Way, which has an unregistered title, by Barbara Bell. It looks at what Barbara (or, more likely, her professional adviser) will have to do, either before or after exchanging contracts, to ensure that it is safe for her to buy the property. Barbara will need to check two things about the property she is planning to buy. She needs to ensure that: Victoria Ventnor, the vendor, owns the property she is offering to sell; and the property is free from any encumbrances (third-party rights) other than those which have already been revealed. The chapter explains how these two aspects of proving title are dealt with in the unregistered system.
15. Express and implied trusts
Authors: MacKenzie Judith-Anne
Published: October 2016

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provide an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter provides an outline of certain matters relating to trusts of land. It covers the separation of title and enjoyment; express and implied trusts; statutory trusts; and the pre-1997 methods of creating settlements of land, which are now replaced by the new trust of land under the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996. In addition, the chapter includes a more detailed account of resulting and constructive trusts.
20. Resulting and constructive trusts of the family home
Authors: MacKenzie Judith-Anne
Published: October 2016

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provide an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter deals with resulting and constructive trusts of the family home. It explains how cohabitants, spouses and civil partners may acquire rights to share in a family home owned by the other partner (sole name cases); how shares in a family home are quantified in sole name and joint-name cases; and how partners’ intentions about ownership may change. Stack v Dowden and Jones v Kernott, together with later decisions, are considered in detail.
23. Enforcement of a licence
Authors: MacKenzie Judith-Anne
Published: October 2016

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provide an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter begins with a description of the various types of licence. It then discusses enforcement against the licensor; enforcement against successors of the licensor; and whether licences are becoming interests in land. The issues covered are also applied to two licensees in Trant Way: Henry Mumps and Bob Bell are each living in property owned by another member of their family.
Company Law
Authors: Dignam Alan , Lowry John
Published: October 2016

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. Company Law provides an account of the key principles of this area of law. It aims to demystify this complex subject. Chapter introductions provide summaries of various aspects of company law and further reading provide the tools for further research and study. This volume includes coverage of new case law such as Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd (2013); Chandler v Cape plc (2012); VTB Capital plc v Nutritek Int Corp (2013); Vivendi SA v Richards; Weavering Capital v Dabhia; Sharma v Sharma; and FHR European Ventures LLP v Mankarious. On corporate governance the new edition discusses the implementation of mandatory ‘Say on Pay’ measures in the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, the implementation of the Kay Review recommendations, and the new format Directors’ Report (2013). Also covered are the EU action plan on European company law and corporate governance (2012) and the EU consultation on the future of European company law (2012), as well as the Law Commission’s consultation of the fiduciary duties of investment intermediaries (2014), and the revised system of registration of company charges.
1. Introduction to company law
Authors: Dignam Alan , Lowry John
Published: October 2016

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter presents an overview of company law, first by considering the company’s place within the various forms of business organisation. To get some comparative perspective on the relative merits of each type of organisation, three criteria for judging them are discussed: whether the form of business organisation facilitates investment in the business, mitigates or minimises the risk involved in the business venture, and whether it provides a clear organisational structure. Using these criteria, three forms of business organisation are analysed: the sole trader, a partnership, or a registered company. The chapter also explains the importance of the memorandum as part of the company’s constitution, as well as the distinction between private companies and public companies. Finally, it outlines the benefits of forming a company as opposed to the sole trader or a partnership.
4. Promoters and pre-incorporation contracts
Authors: Dignam Alan , Lowry John
Published: October 2016

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter focuses on one area where the motives of ‘promoters’ (that is, those who form a company) are relevant to the legal aspects of certain activities carried out in the company’s name, especially when they enter into contracts for the company prior to its formal registration. After defining the term ‘promoter’, the chapter discusses the fiduciary duties of promoters and the range of remedies available to the company against a promoter who breaches his fiduciary duties. It then considers problems involving contracts entered into prior to incorporation and the common law position on such contracts. It also explains pre-incorporation contracts, deeds, and obligations under Section 51 of Companies Act 2006 before concluding with an analysis of the issue of corporate mobility in relation to the freedom of establishment.
6. Raising capital: debentures: fixed and floating charges
Authors: Dignam Alan , Lowry John
Published: October 2016

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses corporate borrowing through debentures or debenture stock, as well as fixed and floating charges that companies issue to creditors as security interests. It begins by outlining some important distinctions between the ability of small and large companies to raise loan capital. It then considers the priority of secured creditors and the registration requirements for charges, the issue of whether or not a fixed charge could be created over a company’s book debts, provisions for automatic crystallisation that converts the floating charge into an equitable fixed charge over company assets, and reform of security interests.
8. The constitution of the company: dealing with insiders
Authors: Dignam Alan , Lowry John
Published: October 2016

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. This chapter discusses the constitution of the company, with emphasis on the articles of association. It first outlines the operation of the memorandum and the articles before turning to the law surrounding the contract of membership under s 33 of the Companies Act 2006. It then considers some elements of corporate theory in relation to the articles of association, contract between the company and the members, contract between the members, the question of who is entitled to sue to enforce the s 33 contract, and the issue of outsider rights with respect to the s 33 contract. The chapter also looks at the reforms proposed by the Company Law Review Steering Group for the Companies Act 2006 and concludes by analysing the effects of shareholder agreements on the statutory obligation of the company.