bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors Using TiO2 Interfacial Layer at Metal/MoS2 Contact
Authors: Park Woojin , Min Jung‐Wook , Shaikh Sohail Faizan , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa
Published: September 2017

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is an emerging 2‐dimensional (2D) semiconductor for electronic devices. However, unstable and low performance of MoS2 FETs is an important concern. In this study, inserting an atomic layer deposition (ALD) titanium dioxide (TiO2) interfacial layer between contact metal and MoS2 channel is suggested to achieve more stable performances. The reduced threshold voltage (VTH) shift and reduced series resistance (RSD) were simultaneously achieved.
Determination of the Band Alignment of a‐IGZO/a‐IGMO Heterojunction for High‐Electron Mobility Transistor Application
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Yu , Qian Ling‐Xuan , Liu Xing‐Zhao
Published: September 2017

In the past decade, amorphous InGaZnO thin film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) have become a very promising candidate for application in flat panel displays (FPDs). However, it is difficult to break through the mobility bottleneck of a‐IGZO TFTs to obtain mobilities higher than 100 cm2 V−1 s−1, thus limiting their use in more advanced applications. Construction of a high‐electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based on a heterojunction structure could provide a solution for this problem. In this work, the band alignment of a‐IGZO and amorphous InGaMgO (a‐IGMO) heterojunction has been investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission spectra measurements. The valence band (ΔEV) and conduction band offsets (ΔEC) were determined as 0.09 and 0.83 eV, respectively. The ΔEC was large enough to construct a potential well that could favor the appearance of a two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Hence, the achievement of an HEMT based on a‐IGZO/a‐IGMO heterojunction can be expected. Moreover, band bending contributed greatly to such a large ΔEC, and thus to the formation of electrical confinement structure. Our findings suggest that a‐IGZO/a‐IGMO heterojunction is a potential candidate for constructing a HEMT and thus breaking through the mobility bottleneck of a‐IGZO‐based TFTs for the applications in next‐generation electronic products.
A Universal Route to Realize Radiative Cooling and Light Management in Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: Lu Yuehui , Chen Zhicheng , Ai Ling , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Jing , Li Jia , Wang Weiyan , Tan Ruiqin , Dai Ning , Song Weijie
Published: September 2017

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are not only an opto‐electrical system, but also opto‐thermal one, where the optical, electrical, and thermodynamic domains are strongly coupled. The means to suppress both light and heat losses in PV modules remains undeveloped. Herein, a universal route to realize both radiative cooling and light management via the ultra‐broadband versatile textures is proposed, originating from the interaction with the visible, near‐infrared, and mid‐infrared electromagnetic waves (EMWs) via geometric, diffractive, and subwavelength optical effects. The sol–gel imprinted ultra‐broadband textures exhibited a near‐unity infrared emissivity over 0.96 at the atmospheric window between 8 to 13 μm for radiative cooling, and a solar transmittance and haze above 0.94 and 0.95 at the wavelengths from 350 to 750 nm, respectively, for light management. Applying the ultra‐broadband textures imprinted glass to silicon PV modules as an encapsulant cover, the short‐circuit current and conversion efficiency were increased by 5.12 and 3.13% in relative terms, respectively. The fabrication of such ultra‐broadband versatile textures was photolithography‐free, scalable, and PV industry compatible, which provided a cost‐effective, long‐term durable, and energy‐efficient means to both light and thermal management through ultra‐broadband matter‐EMW interaction not only in PV modules, but also various opto‐electro‐thermal devices.
Design and specification compilation of a modular‐prefabricated high‐rise steel frame structure with diagonal braces part II: Elastic–plastic time‐history analysis and joint design
Authors: Liu Xuechun , He Xinning , Zhang Ailin , Tian Chen , Zhang Xun , Tan Yongqiang
Published: September 2017

The use of modular‐prefabricated steel structures has distinct advantages, such as rapid construction, industrial production, and environmental protection. Although this type of structure has been extensively employed around the world, it is primarily used for low‐rise buildings; its application in high‐rise buildings is limited. This paper proposes a new type of modular‐prefabricated high‐rise steel frame structure with diagonal braces. An elastic–plastic time‐history analysis of a 30‐storey building during rare earthquakes was performed. The base shear, storey drift, stress, damage characteristics, and other performances of the structure were investigated. According to the mechanism analysis, finite element simulation, and model test, the formulas for the elastic and elastic–plastic design of the truss–column connection, column–column flange connection, and diagonal brace–truss connection are proposed in this paper. The control parameters for the structural design are also discussed. This study provides an important reference for the research and design of this type of modular‐prefabricated high‐rise steel structure. The design method has been compiled into a design specification named Technical Specifications for Prefabricated Steel Frame Structure with Diagonal Bracing Joints, which is unique for this type of structure.
Bootstrap-Calibrated Interval Estimates for Latent Variable Scores in Item Response Theory
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Ji Seung
Published: September 2017

In most item response theory applications, model parameters need to be first calibrated from sample data. Latent variable (LV) scores calculated using estimated parameters are thus subject to sampling error inherited from the calibration stage. In this article, we propose a resampling-based method, namely bootstrap calibration (BC), to reduce the impact of the carryover sampling error on the interval estimates of LV scores. BC modifies the quantile of the plug-in posterior, i.e., the posterior distribution of the LV evaluated at the estimated model parameters, to better match the corresponding quantile of the true posterior, i.e., the posterior distribution evaluated at the true model parameters, over repeated sampling of calibration data. Furthermore, to achieve better coverage of the fixed true LV score, we explore the use of BC in conjunction with Jeffreys’ prior. We investigate the finite-sample performance of BC via Monte Carlo simulations and apply it to two empirical data examples.
The effects of apolipoprotein E genotype, α‐synuclein deficiency, and sex on brain synaptic and Alzheimer's disease–related pathology
Authors: Bar Roni , Boehm‐Cagan Anat , Luz Ishai , Kleper‐Wall Yarden , Michaelson Daniel M.
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and synucleinopathies share common pathological mechanisms. Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), the most prevalent genetic risk factor for AD, also increases the risk for dementia in pure synucleinopathies. We presently examined the effects of α‐synuclein deficiency (α‐syn−/−) and sex on apoE4‐driven pathologies.

Methods

AD‐related, synaptic, and vascular markers were analyzed in female and male α‐syn−/− and α‐syn+/+ apoE4, apoE3, and apoE3/E4 mice.

Results

ApoE4 was hypolipidated, and this effect was unchanged by α‐syn−/− and sex. The levels of synaptic markers were lower, and the levels of AD‐related parameters were higher in female α‐syn−/− apoE4 mice compared with the corresponding apoE3 mice. By comparison, apoE4 had small effects on the AD parameters of male and female α‐syn+/+ apoE4 mice.

Discussion

Although α‐syn−/− does not affect the upstream lipidation impairment of apoE4, it acts as a “second hit” enhancer of the subsequent apoE4‐driven pathologies.
Relaxation of non-isothermal hot dense plasma parameters
Authors: Kodanova S.K. , Issanova M.K. , Amirov S.M. , Ramazanov T.S. , Tikhonov A. , Moldabekov Zh.A.
Published: September 2017

The relaxation of temperature, coupling parameters, the excess part of equation of state, and the correlation energy of the non-isothermal hot dense plasmas are considered on the basis of the method of effective interaction potentials. The electron–ion effective interaction potential for the hot dense plasma is discussed. The accuracy of description of the dense plasma properties by the effective electron–ion interaction potential is demonstrated by the agreement of the derived quantities like stopping power and transport coefficients calculated using our methodology with the results of the finite-temperature Kohn-Sham density-functional theory molecular dynamics, and orbital-free molecular dynamics results as well as with the data obtained using other theoretical approaches.
THE ORIGINS OF PERCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Schellenberg Susanna
Published: September 2017

I argue that the ground of the epistemic force of perceptual states lies in properties of the perceptual capacities that constitute the relevant perceptual states. I call this view capacitivism, since the notion of a capacity is explanatorily basic: it is because a given subject is employing a mental capacity with a certain nature that her mental states have epistemic force. More specifically, I argue that perceptual states have epistemic force due to being systematically linked to mind-independent, environmental particulars via the perceptual capacities that constitute the perceptual states. Thus, capacitivism shows how the epistemic force of experience is grounded in metaphysical facts about experience. Capacitivism is a distinctive externalist view of evidence and knowledge that does not invoke reliability, remains steadfastly naturalistic, and in recognizing a metaphysically substantive common element between perception and hallucination avoids any commitment to disjunctivism.
PERSPECTIVAL EXTERNALISM IS THE ANTIDOTE FOR RADICAL SKEPTICISM
Authors: Miracchi Lisa
Published: September 2017

Hilary Putnam (1981) provides an anti-skeptical argument motivated by semantic externalism. He argues that our best theorizing about what it takes to experience, think, and so on, entails that the world is much as we take it to be. This fact eliminates the possibility of radical skeptical scenarios, where from our perspective everything seems as it does in the actual case, but we are widely and systematically mistaken. I think that this approach is generally correct, and that it is the most promising strategy for undermining radical skepticism. There are, however, well-discussed difficulties with Putnam's way of pursuing this strategy (see especially Anthony Brueckner 1986). I argue that in order to avoid these objections we will have to be more radical externalists than Putnam proposed; in particular, we will have to beperspectival externalists. According to perspectival externalism, a subject's reliable relations to her environment play a crucial role in determining not only the contents of her mental events, but also what it is like for her to grasp those contents. While semantic externalism is widely accepted in epistemology, perspectival externalism is not. I argue that perspectival externalism is independently more plausible than mere semantic externalism, and that such an account can enable us to better pursue Putnam's anti-skeptical strategy.
Quantifying ice cliff evolution with multi-temporal point clouds on the debris-covered Khumbu Glacier, Nepal
Authors: WATSON C. SCOTT , QUINCEY DUNCAN J. , SMITH MARK W. , CARRIVICK JONATHAN L. , ROWAN ANN V. , JAMES MIKE R.
Published: September 2017

Measurements of glacier ice cliff evolution are sparse, but where they do exist, they indicate that such areas of exposed ice contribute a disproportionate amount of melt to the glacier ablation budget. We used Structure from Motion photogrammetry with Multi-View Stereo to derive 3-D point clouds for nine ice cliffs on Khumbu Glacier, Nepal (in November 2015, May 2016 and October 2016). By differencing these clouds, we could quantify the magnitude, seasonality and spatial variability of ice cliff retreat. Mean retreat rates of 0.30–1.49 cm d−1 were observed during the winter interval (November 2015–May 2016) and 0.74–5.18 cm d−1 were observed during the summer (May 2016–October 2016). Four ice cliffs, which all featured supraglacial ponds, persisted over the full study period. In contrast, ice cliffs without a pond or with a steep back-slope degraded over the same period. The rate of thermo-erosional undercutting was over double that of subaerial retreat. Overall, 3-D topographic differencing allowed an improved process-based understanding of cliff evolution and cliff-pond coupling, which will become increasingly important for monitoring and modelling the evolution of thinning debris-covered glaciers.
Field Degassing as a New Sampling Method for14C Analyses in Old Groundwater
Authors: Yokochi Reika , Bernier Ryan , Purtschert Roland , Zappala Jake C. , Yechieli Yoseph , Adar Eilon , Jiang Wei , Lu Zheng-Tian , Mueller Peter , Olack Gerard , Ram Roi
Published: September 2017

Radiocarbon (14C) activity in groundwater can be used to determine subsurface residence time up to ∼40 kyr, providing crucial information on dynamic properties of groundwater and on paleoclimate. However, commonly applied sampling methods for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC-14C) are prone to low level of modern atmospheric contamination, resulting in underestimation of groundwater ages that cluster around 30–40 kyr. We extract CO2gas from groundwater using a device originally developed for studies of noble gas radionuclides. Carbon is collected in the gas phase, eliminating the possibility of fostering microbial activities and aqueous chemical reactions during sample storage. This method collects CO2-14C and radiokrypton (81Kr and85Kr) samples simultaneously. The presence of any shorter-lived85Kr is used to evaluate the degree of atmospheric contamination during sampling or mixing of young groundwater. Most groundwater samples showed lower CO2-14C activities than those of DIC-14C, presumably due to the absence of atmospheric contamination. Samples with81Kr age exceeding 150 kyr have no detectable CO2-14C except where mixing sources of young groundwater is suspected. These field data serve as confirmations for the reliability of the newly presented sample collection and CO2-14C method, and for the outstanding roles of radiokrypton isotopes in characterizing old groundwater.
Management of paediatric acute mastoiditis: systematic review
Authors: Loh R , Phua M , Shaw C-K L
Published: September 2017

Background:

Acute mastoiditis remains the commonest intratemporal complication of otitis media in the paediatric population. There has been a lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis and management of acute mastoiditis, resulting in considerable disparity in conservative and surgical management.

Objectives:

To review the current literature, proposing recommendations for the management of paediatric acute mastoiditis and appraising the treatment outcomes.

Method:

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases.

Results:

Twenty-one studies were included, with a total of 564 patients. Cure rates of medical treatment, conservative surgery and mastoidectomy were 95.9 per cent, 96.3 per cent and 89.1 per cent, respectively.

Conclusion:

Mastoidectomy may be the most definitive treatment available; however, reviewed data suggest that conservative treatment alone has high efficacy as first-line treatment in uncomplicated cases of acute mastoiditis, and conservative therapy may be an appropriate first-line management when treating acute mastoiditis.
Growing Musicians in English secondary schools at Key Stage 3 (age 11–14)
Authors: Dalladay Christopher
Published: September 2017

The National Curriculum for Music in England at Key Stage 3 (KS3; age 11–14) declares its purpose that pupils should be inspired to ‘develop a love of music and their talent as musicians’ (DfE, 2013: KS3 Music). The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) have criticised secondary schools for a lack of progress in the musical development of pupils (e.g. Ofsted, 2012). This paper reports on an exploratory study into how far class music lessons at KS3 provide for the development of the musician and the relationship between the musical values of music teachers and classroom practice. The research centres on an investigation into the place of musical competencies in music learning and the contexts within which musicianship can develop. It concludes that classroom music lessons have a tendency to focus more on presenting pupils with a range of ‘taster’ musical experiences than in the development of musicians.
The Violet experience: Social interaction through eclectic music learning practices
Authors: Dakon Jacob M. , Cloete Elene
Published: September 2017

In this qualitative case study, we used participant observation and interviews to examine Violet, a Flemish string youth orchestra. In doing so, we identify the qualities that constitute an ‘eclectic’ ensemble space, herein defined as a musical environment that uses a blend of informal and formal learning practices. Moreover, we emphasize how members benefit musically, socially, and personally from such spaces. Our findings suggest that a blend of eclectic practices create a music space that promotes social engagement, social interaction, and peer learning among members. Additionally, eclectic music spaces allow for personal development and nurture self-appreciation. An eclectic ensemble space thus provides a rich alternative to more traditional forms of music ensemble instruction.
Tardive dyskinesia: motor system impairments, cognition and everyday functioning
Authors: Strassnig Martin , Rosenfeld Amie , Harvey Philip D.
Published: September 2017

The recent approval of treatments for tardive dyskinesia (TD) has rekindled interest in this chronic and previously recalcitrant condition. A large proportion of patients with chronic mental illness suffer from various degrees of TD. Even the newer antipsychotics constitute a liability for TD, and their liberal prescription might lead to emergence of new TD in patient populations previously less exposed to antipsychotics, such as those with depression, bipolar disorder, autism, or even attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The association of TD with activity limitations remains poorly understood. We review potential new avenues of assessing the functional sequelae of TD, such as the performance of instrumental activities of daily living, residential status, and employment outcomes. We identify several mediating aspects, including physical performance measures and cognition, that may represent links between TD and everyday performance, as well as potential treatment targets.
Cezanne predicts progression and adjuvant TACE response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jia-hong , Zhong Xiao-ping , Zhang Yong-fa , Wu Xiao-liang , Li Shao-hua , Jian Pei-en , Ling Yi-hong , Shi Ming , Chen Min-shan , Wei Wei , Guo Rong-ping
Published: September 2017

We have previously reported that Cezanne could be a prognostic biomarker for survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the role of Cezanne genes in HCC cells and its response to postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC patients remains unknown. In this study, Cezanne expression was detected in human HCC using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The function of Cezanne in HCC cells was determined by Transwell invasion assays and nude mice metastasis assay. The response of Cezanne in patients who received adjuvant TACE after hepatectomy was evaluated. Functional study demonstrated that interference of Cezanne expression promoted the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and boosted metastasized HCC formation in mice. Upregulation of Cezanne diminished the adhesion and migration of hepatoma cells. Further study indicated that Cezanne might inhibit invasion of HCC cells by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, patients with low Cezanne expression had significant improvement in prognosis after receiving adjuvant TACE. In contrast, patients with high Cezanne expression had a poorer response to adjuvant TACE. Moreover, Cezanne status was associated with response to adjuvant TACE in patients subgroup stratified by vascular invasion, tumor size and tumor number. In conclusion, Cezanne may be a novel antioncogene that has a pivotal role in the invasion of HCC and contribute to the selection of patients who may benefit from adjuvant TACE to prevent recurrence.
In planta expression of hyperthermophilic enzymes as a strategy for accelerated lignocellulosic digestion
Authors: Mir Bilal Ahmad , Myburg Alexander A. , Mizrachi Eshchar , Cowan Don A.
Published: September 2017

Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and biomaterials suffers from high production costs associated with biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In-planta expression of lignocellulose-digesting enzymes is a promising approach to reduce these cost elements. However, this approach faces a number of challenges, including auto-hydrolysis of developing cell walls, plant growth and yield penalties, low expression levels and the limited stability of expressed enzymes at the high temperatures generally used for biomass processing to release fermentable sugars. To overcome these challenges we expressed codon-optimized recombinant hyperthermophilic endoglucanase (EG) and xylanase (Xyn) genes in A. thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing EG and Xyn enzymes at high levels without any obvious plant growth or yield penalties were selected for further analysis. The highest enzyme activities were observed in the dry stems of transgenic lines, indicating that the enzymes were not degraded during stem senescence and storage. Biomass from transgenic lines exhibited improved saccharification efficiency relative to WT control plants. We conclude that the expression of hyperthermophilic enzymes in plants is a promising approach for combining pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes in lignocellulosic digestion. This study provides a valid foundation for further studies involving in planta co-expression of core and accessory lignocellulose-digesting enzymes.
The first physical evidence of subglacial volcanism under the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Iverson Nels A. , Lieb-Lappen Ross , Dunbar Nelia W. , Obbard Rachel , Kim Ellen , Golden Ellyn
Published: September 2017

The West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) is highly vulnerable to collapsing because of increased ocean and surface temperatures. New evidence from ice core tephra shows that subglacial volcanism can breach the surface of the ice sheet and may pose a great threat to WAIS stability. Micro-CT analyses on englacial ice core tephra along with detailed shard morphology characterization and geochemical analysis suggest that two tephra layers were derived from subglacial to emergent volcanism that erupted through the WAIS. These tephra were erupted though the center of the ice sheet, deposited near WAIS Divide and preserved in the WDC06A ice core. The sources of these tephra layers were likely to be nearby subglacial volcanoes, Mt. Resnik, Mt. Thiel, and/or Mt. Casertz. A widespread increase in ice loss from WAIS could trigger positive feedback by decreasing ice mass and increasing decompression melting under the WAIS, increasing volcanism. Both tephra were erupted during the last glacial period and a widespread increase in subglacial volcanism in the future could have a considerable effect on the stability of the WAIS and resulting sea level rise.
High wettability of liquid caesium iodine with solid uranium dioxide
Authors: Kurosaki Ken , Suzuki Masanori , Uno Masayoshi , Ishii Hiroto , Kumagai Masaya , Anada Keito , Murakami Yukihiro , Ohishi Yuji , Muta Hiroaki , Tanaka Toshihiro , Yamanaka Shinsuke
Published: September 2017

In March 2011, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused nuclear fuel to melt and the release of high-volatility fission products into the environment. Caesium and iodine caused environmental contamination and public exposure. Certain fission-product behaviours remain unclear. We found experimentally that liquid CsI disperses extremely favourably toward solid UO2, exhibiting a contact angle approaching zero. We further observed the presence of CsI several tens of micrometres below the surface of the solid UO2 sample, which would be caused by the infiltration of pores network by liquid CsI. Thus, volatile fission products released from molten nuclear fuels with complex internal composition and external structure migrate or evaporate to varying extents, depending on the nature of the solid–liquid interface and the fuel material surface, which becomes the pathway for the released fission products. Introducing the concept of the wettability of liquid chemical species of fission products in contact with solid fuels enabled developing accurate behavioural assessments of volatile fission products released by nuclear fuel.
MicroRNA pharmacogenomics based integrated model of miR-17-92 cluster in sorafenib resistant HCC cells reveals a strategy to forestall drug resistance
Authors: Awan Faryal Mehwish , Naz Anam , Obaid Ayesha , Ikram Aqsa , Ali Amjad , Ahmad Jamil , Naveed Abdul Khaliq , Janjua Hussnain Ahmed
Published: September 2017

Among solid tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emerges as a prototypical therapy-resistant tumor. Considering the emerging sorafenib resistance crisis in HCC, future studies are urgently required to overcome resistance. Recently noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as significant regulators in signalling pathways involved in cancer drug resistance and pharmacologically targeting these ncRNAs might be a novel stratagem to reverse drug resistance. In the current study, using a hybrid Petri net based computational model, we have investigated the harmonious effect of miR-17-92 cluster inhibitors/mimics and circular RNAs on sorafenib resistant HCC cells in order to explore potential resistance mechanisms and to identify putative targets for sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. An integrated model was developed that incorporates seven miRNAs belonging to miR-17-92 cluster (hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-19b, hsa-miR-18a, hsa-miR-20a and hsa-miR-92) and crosstalk of two signaling pathways (EGFR and IL-6) that are differentially regulated by these miRNAs. The mechanistic connection was proposed by the correlation between members belonging to miR-17-92 cluster and corresponding changes in the protein levels of their targets in HCC, specifically those targets that have verified importance in sorafenib resistance. Current findings uncovered potential pathway features, underlining the significance of developing modulators of this cluster to combat drug resistance in HCC.
New penta-saccharide-bearing tripod amphiphiles for membrane protein structure studies
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Ghani Lubna , Du Yang , Hariharan Parameswaran , Mortensen Jonas S. , Ribeiro Orquidea , Hu Hongli , Skiniotis Georgios , Loland Claus J. , Guan Lan , Kobilka Brian K. , Byrne Bernadette , Chae Pil Seok
Published: September 2017

A new penta-saccharide-bearing tripod amphiphile (TPS-E10L) conferred enhanced stability to β2adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and its Gscomplex.
An enzyme free electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of miRNA with a high discrimination factor by coupling the strand displacement reaction and catalytic hairpin assembly recycling
Authors: Yao Juan , Zhang Zhang , Deng Zhenghua , Wang Youqiang , Guo Yongcan
Published: September 2017

Sensitive and selective detection of miRNA based on the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction (SDR) and non-enzymatic catalytic hairpin reaction (CHA) recycling.
In situ synthesis of Au-shelled Ag nanoparticles on PDMS for flexible, long-life, and broad spectrum-sensitive SERS substrates
Authors: Fortuni B. , Inose T. , Uezono S. , Toyouchi S. , Umemoto K. , Sekine S. , Fujita Y. , Ricci M. , Lu G. , Masuhara A. , Hutchison J. A. , Latterini L. , Uji-i H.
Published: September 2017

A simple, fast, one-step fabrication of silver nanoparticles with atomically thin gold coatings on polydimethylsiloxane affords oxidation-resistant and highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates.
Salen(Co(iii)) imprisoned within pores of a metal–organic framework by post-synthetic modification and its asymmetric catalysis for CO2 fixation at room temperature
Authors: Chen Danping , Luo Ran , Li Meiyan , Wen Mengqi , Li Yan , Chen Chao , Zhang Ning
Published: September 2017

By the two steps of adsorption and then post-synthetically modified (PSM) procedures, chiral salen(Co(iii)) can be imprisoned within the cages of MOF and remain in its free form.
Alcohol-assisted self-assembled 3D hierarchical iron (hydr)oxide nanostructures for water treatment
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Kong Yan , Liu Qiaozhi , Shi Baoyou
Published: September 2017

Self-assembled 3D hierarchical iron (hydr)oxides are synthesized with different alcohol additives for water treatment.
Strain-induced ferroelectricity and lattice coupling in BaSnO3and SrSnO3
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Wang Jie , Sahoo M. P. K. , Shimada Takahiro , Kitamura Takayuki
Published: September 2017

Ferroelectric polarization and lattice coupling induced by the couplings of different lattice modes in the strained perovskite stannates.
Tuning the electronic environment of zinc ions with a ligand for dendrite-free zinc deposition in an ionic liquid
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Guozhu , Cui Tong , Lahiri Abhishek , Borodin Andriy , Endres Frank
Published: September 2017

Dendrite-free zinc was obtained by tuning the electronic environment of zinc ions and the interfacial structure at the interface with a ligand.
Strontium-coordination polymers based on tetrafluorophthalic and phthalic acids: mechanochemical synthesis, ab initio structures determination, and spectroscopic characterization
Authors: Al-Terkawi Abdal-Azim , Scholz Gudrun , Emmerling Franziska , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: September 2017

New fluorinated and fluorine-free Sr-based coordination polymers were synthesized by milling of Sr-hydroxide samples with tetrafluorophthalic acid and phthalic acid, respectively.
Bistriazole-p-benzoquinone and its alkali salts: electrochemical behaviour in aqueous alkaline solutions
Authors: Bunzen H. , Lamp A. , Grzywa M. , Barkschat C. , Volkmer D.
Published: September 2017

Lithium, sodium and potassium salts of bistriazole-p-benzoquinone were synthetized and studied by single crystal X-ray, VT-XRPD and thermogravimetric analysis, and CV measurements.
Heterogeneous catalysis for bio-based polyester monomers from cellulosic biomass: advances, challenges and prospects
Authors: De Clercq R. , Dusselier M. , Sels B. F.
Published: September 2017

This article critically reviews the recent developments of applying heterogeneous catalysis for producing bio-based polyester monomers from cellulosic biomass.
Hedgehog-mesenchyme gene signature identifies bi-modal prognosis in luminal and basal breast cancer sub-types
Authors: Torres-García Wandaliz , Domenech Maribella
Published: September 2017

In this work, we show that a 15-gene Hh-mesenchyme signature identifies potential bimodal prognosis among basal and luminal A subgroups.
Sulphur fertilization influences the sulphur species composition in Allium sativum: sulphomics using HPLC-ICPMS/MS-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Raab Andrea , Ronzan Marilena , Feldmann Joerg
Published: September 2017

Comprehensive non-target analysis identifies 54 sulphur containing compounds in garlic.
Photoluminescence properties and preferable site occupancy of Ce3+in apatite-like RbSr4(BO3)3blue-emitting phosphors for white LEDs
Authors: Jia Zhen , Xia Mingjun
Published: September 2017

The color purity of RbSr4(BO3)3:Ce3+is comparable to that of the blue-emitting commercial phosphor BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+.
Size dependence of efficiency of PbS quantum dots in NiO-based dye sensitised solar cells and mechanistic charge transfer investigation
Authors: Raissi Mahfoudh , Sajjad Muhammad T. , Pellegrin Yann , Roland Thomas Jean , Jobic Stéphane , Boujtita Mohammed , Ruseckas Arvydas , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Odobel Fabrice
Published: September 2017

A low driving force (−0.3 eV) is sufficient for PbS quantum dots to inject holes into NiO, and the excitons in PbS decay by both reductive and oxidative quenching.
Self-assembly of block copolymers into sieve-like particles with arrayed switchable channels and as scaffolds to guide the arrangement of gold nanoparticles
Authors: He Yun , Zhang Yan , Yan Nan , Zhu Yutian , Jiang Wei , Shi Dean
Published: September 2017

The unique sieve-like particles with lattice arrayed switchable channels were created via the confined self-assembly of P4VP-b-PS-b-P4VP triblock copolymers within the emulsion droplets.
Efficient MMoO4 (M = Co, Ni) carbon cloth electrodes for water oxidation
Authors: Meng Jiangli , Fu Jiaqi , Yang Xiaoxuan , Wei Meijie , Liang Song , Zang Hong-Ying , Tan Huaqiao , Wang Yonghui , Li Yangguang
Published: September 2017

Cobalt/nickel molybdate hierarchical microflowers on conductive carbon cloth (MMoO4-CC, M = Co, Ni) as three-dimensional self-supported electrodes exhibit an excellent OER.
Screening of inhibitors of Taenia solium glycogen synthase Kinase-3β
Authors: Wang Li , Cheng Jiagao , Wang Shuai , Zhang Xichen , Cai, Xuepeng
Published: September 2017

A flow chart of the screening of lead compounds.
Direct fabrication of electrochromic devices with complex patterns on three-dimensional substrates using polymeric stencil films
Authors: Joo Seokwon , Kim Ju-Hyung , Seo Soonmin
Published: September 2017

This article describes a direct fabrication technique for electrodes and further electrochromic devices with complex shapes on three-dimensional substrates.
Surface modification and magnetic alignment of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for highly thermally conductive composites
Authors: Yuan Feng , Jiao Weicheng , Yang Fan , Liu Wenbo , Xu Zhonghai , Wang Rongguo
Published: September 2017

The highly ordered thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU)/BNNSs composites are successfully prepared by the combination of filler modification and magnetic alignment.
Endowing graphene with superior cation/anion co-purification and visible photocatalysis performances by in situ deposition of silver compounds
Authors: Xiong Ye , Wang Chao , Wang Hanwei , Jin Chunde , Sun Qingfeng , Xu Xijin
Published: September 2017

Endowing graphene with superior cations/anion co-purification and visible photocatalysis performances by in situ deposition of silver compound.
Surface anion-rich NiS2 hollow microspheres derived from metal–organic frameworks as a robust electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tian Tian , Huang Lan , Ai Lunhong , Jiang Jing
Published: September 2017

Surface anion-rich NiS2 hollow microspheres derived from metal–organic frameworks exhibit excellent performance for electrocatalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction with expected activity and durability.
Original behavior of L. rhamnosus GG encapsulated in freeze-dried alginate–silica microparticles revealed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Haffner Fernanda B. , van de Wiele Tom , Pasc Andreea
Published: September 2017

Metabolically inactive in the upper GIT, encapsulated LGG boost their metabolism and better colonize the colon compared with free bacteria.
Spectroscopic signature of moment-dependent electron–phonon coupling in 2H-TaS2
Authors: Wijayaratne Kapila , Zhao Junjing , Malliakas Christos , Young Chung Duck , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Chatterjee Utpal
Published: September 2017

An ARPES study of 2H-TaS2 reveals that its CDW transition is driven by strong electron–phonon coupling along with its momentum anisotropy.
Improved model of the triple system V746 Cassiopeiae that has a bipolar magnetic field associated with the tertiary
Authors: Harmanec P. , Brož M. , Mayer P. , Zasche P. , Kotková L. , Nemravová J. A. , Dukes R. J. , Korčáková D. , Šlechta M. , Kıran E. , Kříček R. , Juryšek J.
Published: September 2017

V746 Cas is known to be a triple system composed of a close binary with an alternatively reported period of either 25\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}4 or 27\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}8 and a distant third component in a 170 yr (62 000 d) orbit. The object was also reported to exhibit multiperiodic light variations with periods from 0\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}83 to 2\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}50, on the basis of which it was classified as a slowly pulsating B star. Interest in further investigation of this system was raised by the recent detection of a variable magnetic field. Analysing spectra from four instruments, earlier published radial velocities, and several sets of photometric observations, we arrived at the following conclusions: (1) The optical spectrum is dominated by the lines of the B-type primary (Teff 1 ~ 16 500(100) K), contributing 70% of the light in the optical region, and a slightly cooler B tertiary (Teff 3 ~ 13 620(150) K). The lines of the low-mass secondary are below our detection threshold; we estimate that it could be a normal A or F star. (2) We resolved the ambiguity in the value of the inner binary period and arrived at a linear ephemeris of \hbox{$T_{\rm super.\,conj.}={\rm HJD}~2\,443\,838.78(81)+25\fd41569(42)\times E$}. (3) The intensity of the magnetic field undergoes a sinusoidal variation in phase with one of the known photometric periods, namely 2\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}503867(19), which we identify with the rotational period of the tertiary. (4) The second dominant photometric 1\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}0649524(40) period is tentatively identified with the rotational period of the broad-lined B-type primary, but this interpretation is much less certain and needs further verification. (5) If our interpretation of photometric periods is confirmed, the classification of the object as a slowly pulsating B star should be revised. (6) Applying an N-body model to different types of available observational data, we can constrain the orbital inclination of the inner orbit to ~60°<i1< 85° even in the absence of binary eclipses, and we estimate the probable properties of the triple system and its components.
One-Pot Catalyst-Free Domino Condensation/Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: Highly Stereoselective Access to Phosphadihydrocoumarin-Fused N,N-Bicyclic Pyrazolidin-3-ones
Authors: Wu Mingshu , Jiang Jie , Zhu Zhongxiang , Wang Qinghe , Kong Dulin
Published: September 2017

A concise, atom-economic, and highly regio/stereoselective synthetic strategy was developed for the construction of phosphorus- and nitrogen-fused polycyclic skeleton derivatives. The one-pot, two-step, catalyst-free domino condensation/intramolecular cycloaddition reaction of various substituted 2-(vinylphosphoryloxy)benzaldehydes with pyrazolidin-3-one took place at room temperature. Three new bonds (C–C, 2 × C–N) and two new nitrogen and phosphorus heterocycles were simultaneously constructed. The reaction is particularly attractive due to features such as low cost, mild conditions, atom economy, high stereoselectivity, and potential biological activity of the product.
Wärmerückgewinnung: Gewinn für alle
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: September 2017

Gerade in den hygienisch sensiblen Bereichen eines Krankenhauses ist das Thema Wärmerückgewinnung mit hohen Hürden verbunden. Doch der Aufwand kann sich lohnen – auch im Bestand. Statt wertvolle Energie einfach abzuleiten, können Kliniken sie nutzen und dadurch Kosten senken.
Praktikum in einer psychiatrischen Klinik zur beruflichen
Orientierung von Schülern
Authors: Schaub Annette , Mueser Kim , Schmidt Ann-Kathrin , Koller Gabriele , Falkai Peter
Published: September 2017

Diese Pilotstudie untersucht die Einführung von Praktika mit Psychoedukation für
Schüler in der Psychiatrie, um diese über Berufe in der Psychiatrie zu
informieren. 29 Jugendliche im Alter von 16–21 Jahren nahmen an einem Praktikum
zur beruflichen Orientierung an der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München von 2013–2016 teil. Das auf 1–2
Wochen angelegte Konzept informiert über Arbeitsgebiete von Psychologen und
Ärzten. Die durchschnittlichen Leistungen der Schüler lag bei M = 2,75,
SD = 0,64 und sie waren motiviert. Am Ende des Praktikums reduzierten sich
Kontaktängste. Das Wissen über Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie nahm zu. 59 % der
Teilnehmer berichteten, Medizin oder Psychologie studieren zu wollen. Alle
Schüler gaben an, mit dem Praktikum zufrieden zu sein. Der Kontakt mit den
Patienten und dem klinischen Personal kann dazu beitragen, dass Wissen und
Verständnis zunehmen sowie Ängste und negative Vorurteile abnehmen.
Reaction pathways in atomistic models of thin film growth
Authors: Lloyd Adam L. , Zhou Ying , Yu Miao , Scott Chris , Smith Roger , Kenny Steven D.
Published: September 2017

The atomistic processes that form the basis of thin film growth often involve complex multi-atom movements of atoms or groups of atoms on or close to the surface of a substrate. These transitions and their pathways are often difficult to predict in advance. By using an adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) approach, many complex mechanisms can be identified so that the growth processes can be understood and ultimately controlled. Here the AKMC technique is briefly described along with some special adaptions that can speed up the simulations when, for example, the transition barriers are small. Examples are given of such complex processes that occur in different material systems especially for the growth of metals and metallic oxides.
Primordial oscillations in life: Direct observation of glycolytic oscillations in individual HeLa cervical cancer cells
Authors: Amemiya Takashi , Shibata Kenichi , Itoh Yoshihiro , Itoh Kiminori , Watanabe Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Tomohiko
Published: September 2017

We report the first direct observation of glycolytic oscillations in HeLa cervical cancer cells, which we regard as primordial oscillations preserved in living cells. HeLa cells starved of glucose or both glucose and serum exhibited glycolytic oscillations in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), exhibiting asynchronous intercellular behaviors. Also found were spatially homogeneous and inhomogeneous intracellular NADH oscillations in the individual cells. Our results demonstrate that starved HeLa cells may be induced to exhibit glycolytic oscillations by either high-uptake of glucose or the enhancement of a glycolytic pathway (Crabtree effect or the Warburg effect), or both. Their asynchronous collective behaviors in the oscillations were probably due to a weak intercellular coupling. Elucidation of the relationship between the mechanism of glycolytic dynamics in cancer cells and their pathophysiological characteristics remains a challenge in future.
Broadband polarization-independent wide-angle and reconfigurable phase transition hybrid metamaterial absorber
Authors: Yahiaoui Riad , Ouslimani Habiba Hafdallah
Published: September 2017

We report the simulation, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a single-layer broadband, polarization-insensitive and wide-angle near perfect metamaterial absorber (MA) in the microwave regime. The topology of the resonators is chosen in such a way that is capable of supporting simultaneously multiple plasmon resonances at adjacent frequencies, which lead to a broadband operation of the MA. Absorption larger than 80% at normal incidence covering a broad frequency range (between 7.4 GHz and 10.4 GHz) is demonstrated experimentally and through numerical simulations. Furthermore, the performance of the metamaterial absorber is kept constant up to an incident angle of 30°, for both TE and TM-polarizations. In addition, a hybrid model of the MA is proposed and implemented numerically in order to dynamically tune the absorption window. The hybrid MA is controlled by incorporating vanadium dioxide (VO2) temperature-driven metal-insulator phase transition material, which enables the transition from broadband (80% absorption and 3 GHz bandwidth) to narrowband (80% absorption and 0.7 GHz bandwidth) absorption window. Our proposed single-layer MA offers substantial advantages due to its low-cost and simplicity of fabrication. The results are very promising, suggesting a potential use of the MA in wide variety of applications including solar energy harvesting, biosensing, imaging, and stealth technology.
The behaviour of the scalar gradient across the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in jets
Authors: Silva Tiago S. , da Silva Carlos B.
Published: September 2017

The dynamics of a passive scalar field near a turbulent/non-turbulent interface is analysed through direct numerical simulations of turbulent planar jets, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 142≤Reλ≤246, and Schmidt numbers from 0.07≤Sc≤7.0. A scalar-gradient turbulent/non-turbulent interface (SG-TNTI) forms at the outer edge of the jet, which does not coincide with the vorticity turbulent/non-turbulent interface (VO-TNTI) for the lower Schmidt number cases (Sc = 0.07 and 0.7). Specifically, for Sc = 0.07 and 0.7, the scalar gradient maxima, and thus the bulk of the mixing takes place in the irrotational region, between 10 and 30 Kolmogorov micro-scale distances from the start of the VO-TNTI. For these moderate Schmidt number cases, the SG-TNTI exhibits an irrotational-diffusive superlayer, where the scalar gradient diffusion dominates, while the production is negligible, followed by an irrotational-straining sublayer where the scalar gradient production dominates. In contrast for Sc = 7.0, the SG-TNTI consists of a viscous-convective superlayer that closely matches the viscous superlayer from the VO-TNTI and an inertial-convective sublayer, where scalar gradient production dominates, which is much smaller than the turbulent sublayer of the VO-TNTI. The scaling laws and mean thicknesses of each one of these (sub)layers are briefly discussed. This work presents a systematic study of the effects of the Schmidt number on the scalar gradient evolution and of the SG-TNTI characteristics.
The underdamped Brownian duet and stochastic linear irreversible thermodynamics
Authors: Proesmans Karel , Van den Broeck Christian
Published: September 2017

Building on our earlier work [Proesmans et al., Phys. Rev. X 6, 041010 (2016)], we introduce the underdamped Brownian duet as a prototype model of a dissipative system or of a work-to-work engine. Several recent advances from the theory of stochastic thermodynamics are illustrated with explicit analytic calculations and corresponding Langevin simulations. In particular, we discuss the Onsager–Casimir symmetry, the trade-off relations between power, efficiency and dissipation, and stochastic efficiency.
Performing the Millikan experiment at the molecular scale: Determination of atomic Millikan-Thomson charges by computationally measuring atomic forces
Authors: Rogers T. Ryan , Wang Feng
Published: September 2017

An atomic version of the Millikan oil drop experiment is performed computationally. It is shown that for planar molecules, the atomic version of the Millikan experiment can be used to define an atomic partial charge that is free from charge flow contributions. We refer to this charge as the Millikan-Thomson (MT) charge. Since the MT charge is directly proportional to the atomic forces under a uniform electric field, it is the most relevant charge for force field developments. The MT charge shows good stability with respect to different choices of the basis set. In addition, the MT charge can be easily calculated even at post-Hartree-Fock levels of theory. With the MT charge, it is shown that for a planar water dimer, the charge transfer from the proton acceptor to the proton donor is about −0.052 e. While both planar hydrated cations and anions show signs of charge transfer, anions show a much more significant charge transfer to the hydration water than the corresponding cations. It might be important to explicitly model the ion charge transfer to water in a force field at least for the anions.