bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal capillary pericytes in post-stroke and vascular dementias and Alzheimer’s disease and experimental chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Hase Yoshiki , Jobson Dan , Cheong Jeremy , Gotama Kelvin , Maffei Luciana , Hase Mai , Hamdan Alhafidz , Ding Ren , Polivkoski Tuomo , Horsburgh Karen , Kalaria Raj N.
Published: February 2024

Neurovascular unit mural cells called ‘pericytes’ maintain the blood-brain barrier and local cerebral blood flow. Pathological changes in the hippocampus predispose to cognitive impairment and dementia. The role of hippocampal pericytes in dementia is largely unknown. We investigated hippocampal pericytes in 90 post-mortem brains from post-stroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and AD-VaD (Mixed) subjects, and post-stroke non-demented survivors as well as similar age controls. We used collagen IV immunohistochemistry to determine pericyte densities and a mouse model of VaD to validate the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Despite increased trends in hippocampal microvascular densities across all dementias, mean pericyte densities were reduced by ~25–40% in PSD, VaD and AD subjects compared to those in controls, which calculated to 14.1 ± 0.7 per mm capillary length, specifically in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region (P = 0.01). In mice with chronic bilateral carotid artery occlusion, hippocampal pericyte loss was ~60% relative to controls (P < 0.001). Pericyte densities were correlated with CA1 volumes (r = 0.54, P = 0.006) but not in any other sub-region. However, mice subjected to the full-time environmental enrichment (EE) paradigm showed remarkable attenuation of hippocampal CA1 pericyte loss in tandem with CA1 atrophy. Our results suggest loss of hippocampal microvascular pericytes across common dementias is explained by a vascular aetiology, whilst the EE paradigm offers significant protection.
The Effects of a Carbohydrate Hydrogel System for the Delivery of Bicarbonate Mini-Tablets on Acid–Base Buffering and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Resting Well-trained Male Cyclists
Authors: Gough Lewis A. , Sparks S. Andy
Published: February 2024

Background

A new commercially available sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplement claims to limit gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort and increase extracellular buffering capacity. To date, no available data exists to substantiate such claims. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure blood acid–base balance and GI discomfort responses following the ingestion of SB using the novel “Bicarb System” (M-SB). Twelve well-trained male cyclists completed this randomised crossover designed study. Maximal oxygen consumption was determined in visit one, whilst during visits two and three participants ingested 0.3 g∙kg−1 BM SB using M-SB (Maurten, Sweden) or vegetarian capsules (C-SB) in a randomised order. Finger prick capillary blood samples were measured every 30 min for pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−), and electrolytes (potassium, chloride, calcium, and sodium), for 300 min. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess GI symptoms using the same time intervals.

Results

Peak HCO3− was 0.95 mmol∙L−1 greater following M-SB (p = 0.023, g = 0.61), with time to peak HCO3− achieved 38.2 min earlier (117 ± 37 vs. 156 ± 36 min; p = 0.026, r = 0.67) and remained elevated for longer (p = 0.043, g = 0.51). No differences were observed for any electrolytes between the conditions. Aggregated GI discomfort was reduced by 79 AU following M-SB (p < 0.001, g = 1.11), with M-SB reducing stomach cramps, bowel urgency, diarrhoea, belching, and stomach-ache compared to C-SB.

Conclusions

This is the first study to report that M-SB can increase buffering capacity and reduce GI discomfort. This presents a major potential benefit for athletes considering SB as an ergogenic supplement as GI discomfort is almost eliminated. Future research should determine if M-SB is performance enhancing.
Dynamic effects of black soldier fly larvae meal on the cecal bacterial microbiota and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistant determinants in broiler chickens
Authors: Lau Calvin Ho-Fung , Capitani Sabrina , Tien Yuan-Ching , Verellen Lou Ann , Kithama Munene , Kang Hellen , Kiarie Elijah G. , Topp Edward , Diarra Moussa S. , Fruci Michael
Published: February 2024

Background

We had earlier described the growth-promoting and -depressive effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with low (12.5% and 25%) and high (50% and 100%) inclusion levels of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM), respectively, in Ross x Ross 708 broiler chicken diets. Herein, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated the effects of replacing SBM with increasing inclusion levels (0-100%) of BSFLM in broiler diets on the cecal bacterial community composition at each growth phase compared to broilers fed a basal corn-SBM diet with or without the in-feed antibiotic, bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). We also evaluated the impact of low (12.5% and 25%) inclusion levels of BSFLM (LIL-BSFLM) on the prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in litter and cecal samples from 35-day-old birds.

Results

Compared to a conventional SBM-based broiler chicken diet, high (50 to100%) inclusion levels of BSFLM (HIL-BSFLM) significantly altered the cecal bacterial composition and structure, whereas LIL-BSFLM had a minimal effect. Differential abundance analysis further revealed that the ceca of birds fed 100% BSFLM consistently harbored a ~ 3 log-fold higher abundance of Romboutsia and a ~ 2 log-fold lower abundance of Shuttleworthia relative to those fed a BMD-supplemented control diet at all growth phases. Transient changes in the abundance of several potentially significant bacterial genera, primarily belonging to the class Clostridia, were also observed for birds fed HIL-BSFLM. At the finisher phase, Enterococci bacteria were enriched in the ceca of chickens raised without antibiotic, regardless of the level of dietary BSFLM. Additionally, bacitracin (bcrR) and macrolide (ermB) resistance genes were found to be less abundant in the ceca of chickens fed antibiotic-free diets, including either a corn-SBM or LIL-BSFLM diet.

Conclusions

Chickens fed a HIL-BSFLM presented with an imbalanced gut bacterial microbiota profile, which may be linked to the previously reported growth-depressing effects of a BSFLM diet. In contrast, LIL-BSFLM had a minimal effect on the composition of the cecal bacterial microbiota and did not enrich for selected ARGs. Thus, substitution of SBM with low levels of BSFLM in broiler diets could be a promising alternative to the antibiotic growth promoter, BMD, with the added-value of not enriching for bacitracin- and macrolide-associated ARGs.
Design, synthesis and in-vitro anti-depressant activity evaluation of some 2-styrylbenzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Sahariah Manisha , Chowdhury Rubina , Pegu Padmanath , Ali Farak , Dutta Rajat Subhra , Sahu Supriya
Published: February 2024

Background

Existing antidepressants possess various adverse effects and so they are not considered as the first line of drug in mild depression. The lack of proper drugs to treat the mild depression on the other hand alleviates severe depressive cases. To overcome this problem, the nucleus of benzimidazole and cinnamic acid having very less toxicity were fused and a small library of 40 compounds was prepared. The library was then screened for ADMET properties and probable toxicity. Those compounds which had not shown any toxicity as well as possessed better in-silico absorption, distribution and metabolism were selected for the first phase of the study. Synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and were screened for in-vitro antidepressant activity by DNPH spectrophotometry.

Result

The compounds MS-3 and MS-8 had shown good antidepressant activity with IC50 values of 367.19 μM/mL and 184.56 μM/mL against MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively.

Conclusion

From this study, it can be concluded that the structural requirements for the inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B were totally different. MAO-A inhibitors required the presence of nitrogen and oxygen containing ring substitutions whereas MAO-B inhibitors required the presence of 4-halogen containing phenyl ring substitutions.

Graphical abstract
The usability and reliability of a smartphone application for monitoring future dementia risk in ageing UK adults
Authors: Reid Graham , Vassilev Philip , Irving Jessica , Ojakäär Triin , Jacobson Liron , Lawrence Erin G. , Barnett Jenny , Tapparel Malika , Koychev Ivan
Published: February 2024

Background

The rising number of dementia diagnoses and imminent adoption of disease-modifying treatments necessitate innovative approaches to identify individuals at risk, monitor disease course and intervene non-pharmacologically earlier in the disease course. Digital assessments of dementia risk and cognitive function have the potential to outperform traditional in-person assessments in terms of their affordability, accuracy and longitudinal tracking abilities. However, their accessibility and reliability in older adults is unclear.

Aims

To evaluate the usability and reliability of a smartphone assessment of lifestyle and cognitive factors relevant to dementia risk in a group of UK-based older adults.

Method

Cognitively healthy adults (n = 756) recruited through the Dementias Platform UK Great Minds volunteer register completed three assessments of cognitive function and dementia risk over a 3-month period and provided usability feedback on the Five Lives smartphone application (app). We evaluated cognitive test scores for age, gender and higher education effects, normality distributions, test–retest reliability and their relationship with participants’ lifestyle dementia risk factors.

Results

Participants found the app ‘easy to use’, ‘quick to complete’ and ‘enjoyable’. The cognitive tests showed normal or near-to-normal distributions, variable test–retest reliabilities and age-related effects. Only tests of verbal ability showed gender and education effects. The cognitive tests did not correlate with lifestyle dementia risk scores.

Conclusions

The Five Lives assessment demonstrates high usability and reliability among older adults. These findings highlight the potential of digital assessments in dementia research and clinical practice, enabling improved accessibility and better monitoring of cognitive health on a larger scale than traditional in-person assessments.
Protecting and promoting editorial independence
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , O'Brien Aileen , Upthegrove Rachel , Tsai Alexander C. , Soomro Mustafa , Newton-Howes Giles , Broome Matthew R. , Forrester Andrew , Casey Patricia , Doherty Anne M. , Lee William , Kaufman Kenneth R.
Published: February 2024

We argue that editorial independence, through robust practice of publication ethics and research integrity, promotes good science and prevents bad science. We elucidate the concept of research integrity, and then discuss the dimensions of editorial independence. Best practice guidelines exist, but compliance with these guidelines varies. Therefore, we make recommendations for protecting and strengthening editorial independence.
Gut Microbiome of Patients With Breast Cancer in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Sang M. , Tran Huong T.T. , Long Jirong , Shrubsole Martha J. , Cai Hui , Yang Yaohua , Nguyen Lan M. , Nguyen Giang H. , Nguyen Chu V. , Ta To V. , Wu Jie , Cai Qiuyin , Zheng Wei , Tran Thuan V. , Shu Xiao-Ou
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

Gut microbiota play an important role in human health, including cancer. Cancer and its treatment, in turn, may alter the gut microbiome. To understand this complex relationship, we profiled the gut microbiome of 356 Vietnamese patients with breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Stool samples were collected before chemotherapy, with 162 pre- and 194 postsurgery. The gut microbiome was measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Associations of gut microbial diversity, taxa abundance, and gut microbiome health index (GMHI) with sociodemographic, clinical factors, and tumor characteristics were evaluated.

RESULTS

Postsurgery samples were associated with significantly lower α- and β-diversities ( P < .001) and showed significant differences in the abundance of 15% of 2,864 investigated taxa (false discovery rate [FDR] <0.1) compared with presurgery samples. An unhealthy gut microbiome was prevalent among patients with breast cancer, with a mean GMHI of –0.79 and –2.81 in pre- and postsurgery stool samples, respectively. In an analysis of 162 presurgery stool samples, diagnosis delay was significantly associated with lower α-diversity, variation in β-diversity, an increased abundance of species Enorma massiliensis, and a decreased abundance of Faecalicoccus pleomorphus. High intake of fiber was significantly associated with lower α-diversity and a higher abundance of species belonging to Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Bacteroides gena (FDR < 0.1). We did not find that cancer stage and subtype, menopausal status, comorbidity, antibiotic use during 3 months before stool collection, or physical activity was significantly associated with α- and β-diversities or GMHI although a few significant differences were observed in taxa abundance.

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed that diagnosis delay, high fiber intake, and breast cancer surgery, which is always followed by antibiotic prophylaxis in Vietnam, led to a less diverse and unhealthy gut microbiome among patients with breast cancer.
Nahua Responses to the Matlazahuatl or “Mystery” Plague of 1805
Authors: Yero Farren
Published: February 2024

In 1805, the pueblo of Tultitlan fell victim to an ostensibly mysterious new plague. After a year of curative treatment, it spread across what is now Mexico State, prompting urban officials to authorize the use of smallpox vaccination—an intervention that elicited fierce debate steeped in tensions around Indigeneity, religion, and parental rights. Drawing on newspapers and other colonial records, the article examines how different Nahua families responded, centering their concerns and expectations—of immunization and religious and public health officials—to reframe critical questions about the gender and racial politics of vaccine history and its contested relationship to colonial rule.
Integracyjna rola badań krajobrazowych w geografii. Od idei naukowej do wdrożeń społeczno-gospodarczych
Authors: Myga-Piątek Urszula
Published: February 2024

Krajobraz jest przestrzennym odwzorowaniem procesów naturalnych zachodzących w środowisku przyrodniczym oraz dziejowej działalności człowieka. Z uwagi na strefowość, pasowość i astrefowość zjawisk przyrodniczych na Ziemi, a także różny stopień zagospodarowania przez człowieka krajobrazy występują w wielu zróżnicowanych przestrzennie zgrupowaniach lub kompleksach (np. typach, podtypach, klasach, rodzajach, gatunkach – w zależności od przyjętej naukowo klasyfikacji). Przybierają też postać lokalnych lub regionalnych indywiduów. Każdy krajobraz cechuje się określoną strukturą, funkcjami, fizjonomią oraz wartością ocenianą przez pryzmat wielu kryteriów. W sposób szczególny odwzorowuje właściwości środowiska przyrodniczego, ale i atrybuty stylistyczne epoki oraz cechy społeczeństwa, które go kształtuje. Jest także uznawany za wizerunek przestrzeni, specyficzny rodzaj zintegrowanego dziedzictwa, a jego najcenniejsze reprezentacje można rozumieć jako ponadczasowe dobro, godne ochrony i zrównoważonego gospodarowania. W takim zakresie krajobrazy są przedmiotem szczegółowych badań geografii, ekologii, architektury, urbanistyki i nauk społecznych. W artykule zaprezentowano aktualne problemy badawcze w nauce o krajobrazie z pozycji geografii oraz wybrane kierunki wdrożeń. Wskazano na duże znaczenie edukacyjne geografii kraj­obrazu i ukazano krajobraz w systemie społecznej odpowiedzialności nauki. Podkreślono integrującą rolę badań krajobrazowych zarówno w wymiarze międzydziedzinowym, jak i teoretyczno-aplikacyjnym.
Die hermeneutik des Niketas Stethatos
Authors: Διαμαντόπουλος Γεώργιος
Published: February 2024

Η ερμηνευτική του Νικήτα Στηθάτου εκτίθεται συστηματικά κυρίως με βάση τις επιστολές του προς Γρηγόριον. Εστιάζω στην ερμηνευτική αντιπαράθεση μεταξύ Στηθάτου και των συγχρόνων του λογίων. Ταυτόχρονα, ερευνώ ιστορικοσυγκριτικά την ερμηνευτική θεωρία του Στηθάτου, ιδιαίτερα σχετικά με της πηγές της, και αποπειρώμαι να εντάξω τις αντιλήψεις του στην ιστορία της Χριστιανικής ερμηνευτικής. Η ερμηνευτική του Στηθάτου συναφειοποιείται, επιπλέον, στις ευρύτερες εξελίξεις της ιστορίας του πνεύματος του Βυζαντίου κατά τον ενδέκατο αιώνα (ρητορική, φιλοσοφία, αρχιτεκτονική) και συγκρίνεται ιδιαίτερα με την ερμηνευτική του Μιχαήλ Ψελλού.
Efficacy of Dashmool Vasti as an adjuvant therapy with the standard of care (modern + physiotherapy) in the rehabilitation of stroke as compared to standard of care – a clinical trial protocol
Authors: Sawarkar Punam , Kuchewar Vaishali , Sawarkar Gaurav , Qureshi Irshad
Published: February 2024

Background Stroke is ischemia and neurological dysfunction caused by acute brain circulation loss. It causes acute localized neurological abnormalities such as weakness, sensory deficit, or language issues that require long-term treatment. These deficiencies harm the patient and their family psychologically, socially, and economically. Thus, combination treatment can rapidly rehabilitate such patients. Detoxification methods like Ayurvedic medicated enema help stroke pathophysiology. Physical modalities in physiotherapy have been shown to facilitate normal movement and function on the stroke patient’s affected side, increasing independence with everyday duties. A stroke patient may benefit from Dashmoola Niruha Basti, Function Electrical Stimulation (FES), and Motor Relearning Programme (MRP). Aim & Objectives This study compares the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Basti with MRP and FES in stroke recovery. The main goals of this study are to assess and compare the adjuvant role of Dashmoola Basti with standard control over sensorimotor function of lower extremities, static and dynamic balance in stroke patients; gait parameters; resistance experienced during passive range of motion; quality of life of patients; Barthel Index; Modified Ashworth Scale; and Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test. Methods A total of 40 patients will be enrolled and divided randomly into two equal groups. In Group A (control), standard treatment (modern + physiotherapy) will be prescribed for one month. In Group B (interventional group), Dashmoola Basti will be added to the aforementioned standard treatment for one month. Expected results Improvement in Fuglmeyer assessment, Single Limb Stance Test, Functional Reach Test, quality of Life of Patients, Barthel Index, Modified Ashworth scale, and National Institute of Health (NIH) stroke-scale-score will be observed and recorded. Conclusions Results and conclusions will be derived according to the data collected in case record form and assessment sheets filled at baseline and follow-up visits. Trial registration CTRI/2021/10/037445 dated 21.10.2021.
Evaluating Wilson sims tool: Quality improvement on fall risk in UAE psychiatric patients
Authors: Valondo Crisostomo , Muneer Ahmad , Itani Lynn , Qassem Tarik , AbdulQader Hessa
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND Falls among patients in psychiatric inpatient healthcare settings present a significant global challenge, despite ongoing efforts to reduce the risks. Falls negatively impact patient safety, post-treatment recovery, and medical costs. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the predictive validity of the Wilson Sims Fall Risk Assessment Tool (WSFRAT), investigate predictors of falls, and determine the optimal cut-off point for the WSFRAT. Additionally, we aimed to assess the predictive validity of clinical judgement in identifying individuals at high risk of falls. METHODS We conducted a psychometric study at a specialized psychiatry hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, using data collected from hospital-wide quality projects between April 16, 2019, and March 31, 2021. Our sample comprised 492 patients. RESULTS Contrary to the recommended cut-off point of 7 in the literature, this study results indicate that the optimal cut-off point for the WSFRAT was 5+. This yielded an accuracy of 87%, a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 0.728, a kappa value of 0.208, a sensitivity of 83%, and a specificity of 87%. Furthermore, the regression analyses identified significant predictors of fall risk, including age, gender, assistive device, WSFRAT, and evaluation duration. Notably, clinical judgement did not significantly predict fall risk (p=0.331). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present research demonstrates that the WSFRAT is a reliable tool with high sensitivity and specificity for predicting falls in psychiatric inpatient settings. The findings emphasize the importance of employing evidence-based tools and a comprehensive assessment approach to prevent falls. Furthermore, our findings challenge the recommended cut-off point of 7 and highlight the need for further research to confirm the optimal cut-off point. Finally, this investigation revealed that clinical judgement alone is not an effective method for predicting falls in this population.
Foreign language acquisition of perceptually similar segments: evidence from Lower Sorbian
Authors: Howson Phil J.
Published: February 2024

Lower Sorbian is a moribund language spoken in Eastern Germany that features a three-way sibilant contrast, /s, ʂ, ɕ/. The vast majority of L1 speakers are above eighty years of age and virtually no young Sorbians learn Lower Sorbian as their first language. There are language revitalization programs in place, but this means that virtually all Lower Sorbian speakers are L2 learners whose first language is German. German, as opposed to Lower Sorbian, has a two-way sibilant contrast, /s, ʃ/. So, Lower Sorbian learners need to acquire a perceptually similar sibilant contrast, /ʂ, ɕ/, that commonly assimilates with a single L1 segment, /ʃ/. The two-to-one assimilation makes acquisition difficult. In this project, I examine the acquisition of the three-way sibilant contrast using ultrasound technology. The ultrasound data revealed that learners in the contemporary context do not produce a distinction between /ʂ, ɕ/ and only learners at an advanced level who had significant exposure to L1 speakers have acquired a three-way sibilant distinction. The findings are put into the context of models of L2 acquisition and generalized implications for foreign language acquisition are discussed.
Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain
Authors: Ferguson-Gow Henry , Nicholas Owen , Outhwaite Charlotte , Green Rosie , Scheelbeek Pauline , Eustachio Colombo Patricia , Wheeler Amber , Taylor Anna , Dangour Alan D , Mace Georgina , Pearson Richard G
Published: February 2024

Background A shift toward human diets that include more fruit and vegetables, and less meat is a potential pathway to improve public health and reduce food system-related greenhouse gas emissions. Associated changes in land use could include conversion of grazing land into horticulture, which makes more efficient use of land per unit of dietary energy and frees-up land for other uses. Methods Here we use Great Britain as a case study to estimate potential impacts on biodiversity from converting grazing land to a mixture of horticulture and natural land covers by fitting species distribution models for over 800 species, including pollinating insects and species of conservation priority. Results Across several land use scenarios that consider the current ratio of domestic fruit and vegetable production to imports, our statistical models suggest a potential for gains to biodiversity, including a tendency for more species to gain habitable area than to lose habitable area. Moreover, the models suggest that climate change impacts on biodiversity could be mitigated to a degree by land use changes associated with dietary shifts. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that options exist for changing agricultural land uses in a way that can generate win-win-win outcomes for biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and public health.
Methodological Support for Propaedeutic Preparation of Second to Fourth Grade Schoolchildren for Their Future Choice of Profession
Authors: Antonova M.
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the problem of propaedeutic career guidance work with primary schoolchildren. It is argued that at this age children show a special need to understand the world of adults: various areas of their work activity, professional preferences, the meaning of the chosen profession for a person and his loved ones. To satisfy this need, it is necessary to search for optimal methodological support for early professional propaedeutics. The article proposes a developed and experimentally tested version of the methodological support of the educational process of career guidance for preparing primary school graduates for their future choice of profession.
Etiology, Epidemiology, and Therapeutic Approaches for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in the Context of Concurrent Non-specific Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Olszewska Anna , Matyja Karolina , Berner Aleksandra , Stencel Katarzyna , Stelmaszak Karina , Marczyk Klaudia , Polak Paulina , Pękała Maciej , Polaszek Monika , Bogowska Marta
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, idiopathic disease characterized by persistent and progressive inflammation of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. This leads to fibrosis, cholestatic complications, and liver failure. In over 70% of patients, non-specific intestinal inflammations coexist, particularly ulcerative colitis, and sporadically Crohn's disease.
Aim: Our study aimed to assess current literature on primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), covering its causes, symptoms, treatment methods, and the connection between PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) co-occurrence.
Materials and methods: We conducted a PubMed literature review using keywords like "primary sclerosing cholangitis pathogenesis," "primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease," and "primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis.”
Results: Our research extensively covered PSC epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Emphasis was placed on the heightened prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis, among PSC patients.
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease causing gradual damage to bile ducts within or outside the liver. Over 70% of patients also experience inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis. The exact causes of PSC and its connection to IBD remain unclear. The theories involve hyperactive "intestinal" T cells or the impact of gut microbiome on their growth. Presently, a liver transplant stands as the sole remedy.
Representasi Budaya Bali pada Film A Perfect Fit: Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes
Authors: Utami Aidha Nur
Published: February 2024

A film is a literary work in the form of moving images or videos that can be seen, heard, and shown to convey information or a message to the general public. Films have various ways of depicting various realities of life, including social realities related to daily life, politics, psychology, culture, and others. This research aims to examine films that represent the reality of life in Balinese culture, namely the film A Perfect Fit. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, with a study of Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. Data collection techniques were carried out using reading and note-taking techniques. Based on the research results, there are eight pieces of Balinese culture in the film A Perfect Fit, namely Canang Sari, Melukat, Kecak Dance, Balinese Karawitan, Prayer, Traditional Balinese Wedding Clothing, Mepantigan or Mud Wrestling, and Lontar Reading.
The risks of job flexibility: an analysis of reconciling paid work and informal care across organisations using the capabilities approach
Authors: Hoogenboom Marcel , Yerkes Mara A. , Kruijswijk Wilco
Published: February 2024

While welfare states and work organisations often provide policies to facilitate a reconciliation of paid work and informal care, the literature pays little attention to employees’ actual capabilities to engage with such policies. In this article, we apply the capabilities approach to interview data from managers and employees in the Netherlands to understand employees’ use or non-use of the policies. We found that job flexibility may help workers reconcile work and care in the short run but that respondents with greater job flexibility reported more health problems than respondents with less flexibility, which calls into question the sustainability of these policies.
Gender-based violence and its long-term impact on women’s mental health in Andalusia (Spain): risk and protective factors
Authors: de Píñar-Prats Amparo , Pérez-Marfil María Nieves
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between surviving gender-based violence (GBV) and the long-term presence of clinical symptoms and psychological distress. This was a cross-sectional study of 105 women, 54 of whom had experienced GBV more than three years prior to the study. Participants ranged in age from 24 to 73 years old. They were assessed using a semi-structured interview, instruments to assess self-esteem, maladjustment, perceived stress, social support and resilience, and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Between-group differences and linear regression analyses were used to determine which variables had the greatest impact on the current psychological health status of women survivors of GBV. We found differences in levels of self-esteem, maladjustment, social support and perceived stress. There were also differences in most of the MCMI-III scales, indicating a pattern of depression and paranoid personality. Experiencing GBV in childhood was found to be predictive of increased pathology and emotional distress. Social support has been shown to be a protective factor for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. GBV should be treated as a distinct form of violence that requires specific treatment, rather than as just another form of interpersonal violence.
Trauma informed mental health support; qualitative evaluation findings from one voluntary and community sector programme for women experiencing DVA
Authors: Warwick-Booth Louise , Coan Susan
Published: February 2024

In the context of on-going high rates of domestic abuse in England, the voluntary and community sector increasingly provides specialist domestic violence and abuse (DVA) services to support women in local community settings. This article discusses a qualitative evaluation of one programme, working to support females with mental health needs. A locally based support programme worked with women in one city in England over a two-year period; 34 service users, and eight professionals contributed to interviews and focus groups in support of the evaluation. Our framework analysis identified key themes using survivor voice in respect of the importance of trauma-informed support, adding to the evidence base about effective recovery work in the voluntary and community sector. The defining features of trauma-informed support, safety, trust, choice, collaboration and empowerment were evident in the service model, which led to positive outcomes for survivors who engaged with the programme. The model of provision discussed here is transferrable beyond the voluntary and community sector. Learning from the programme suggests that DVA services can focus on the mental health needs of survivors, using trauma-informed support to enhance recovery.
Lessons learned from a collaborative effort towards co-creation: ‘sliding doors’ reflections
Authors: Forsell Simonsson Sanna , Marthinsen Edgar , Moe Anne
Published: February 2024

This article examines the challenges encountered during a collaborative project involving research and practice in a Norwegian municipality. The objective of the project was to apply co-creation by involving users, employees and researchers in the development of coordinated, flexible and knowledge-based services, with a strong emphasis on user-centeredness. However, the project faced several obstacles that hindered its progress. In this article, we adopt a ‘what if’ perspective to explore alternative scenarios, identifying pivotal moments in the project and envisioning how alternative realities could have facilitated some of the fulfilment of its initial intentions. We argue that co-creation represents a mindset shift within the public sector, emphasising relational practices and embracing the inherent uncertainty associated with welfare service provision. By engaging in second-level inquiry, we propose that organisations can develop a co-creative logic that prioritises flexibility, innovation, involvement and ongoing evaluation, moving away from traditional reliance on routines, manuals and measurable outputs.
Reimagining the Past in the Construction of the Present: Visuality in Neo-traditional Guqin Performances in Twenty-First-Century China
Authors: Yin Ilsa Xiaoshan
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Visual elements have always been an integral concern in performance of the Chinese seven-string zither guqin , as seen in both early records and contemporary practice. Since the mid-2010s, a neo-traditional guqin performance group, Zi De Qinshe ( Zi De meaning “enjoy oneself”; Qinshe meaning “guqin studio”), has been a leader in a cultural trend known as guofeng (Chinese style) and guochao (China chic) with their viral online videos and live performances featuring stage settings, clothing, and makeup that re-create paintings and other visual images from past centuries. In this essay, I focus on Zi De Qinshe as a case study based on fieldwork with the group and their audiences as well as analysis of their performances. I explore how and why contemporary Chinese musicians reinterpret and reimagine the past through visuality in performance, how they negotiate the old and the new, and how a neo-tradition and a neo-cultural identity are being constructed in this process. 摘要: 无论是在历史文献还是当代实践中，视觉元素一直是古琴演奏的题中之义。自2010 年代中期以来，新传统古琴表演团体自得琴社以其火爆的网络视频和现场表演，成 为当代“国风”/“国潮”文化潮流的引领者。他们的舞台布置、服饰及妆容复原了古 代绘画或其它史料中的视觉元素。在本文中，笔者以自得琴社为研究案例，基于对琴 社及其受众的田野考察，以及对他们表演作品的分析，探讨当代中国音乐人如何及 为何通过表演中的视觉性对过去进行重新解读和构想，探讨他们如何在新旧之间权 衡，以及在此过程中新的传统和文化身份是如何构建起来的。
"The Traits That a Woman Has, a Man Can Have, Too": How Collegiate Latino Men Navigate Masculinity Performance
Authors: González Ángel , Vasquez Marissa C. , Abeyta Melissa
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Latino men hold a contradictory position within patriarchal privilege that offers them advantages yet undermines their racial and cultural capital. Underpinned by Latino feminist masculinities, this phenomenological study explored how participants redefined characteristics of masculinity. This study provides critical insight into how 26 self-identified cisgender men of Latino or Hispanic descent made meaning of their masculinity performance. We offer three prominent findings that illustrate how Latino men deconstructed traditional masculinity and conceptualized an asset-based consciousness: (a) resisting traditional notions of machismo, (b) navigating racial and gendered expectations in academic settings, and (c) challenging cultural and gendered expectations at home. These findings illuminate the identity development process for Latino men as they negotiate their masculinities within different contexts. We provide recommendations for research and practice that encourage further exploration of the nuanced understanding of masculinity and its relation to structures that perpetuate cisheteronormativity, as well as opportunities to further deconstruct masculinity for Latino men.
Mental state, volition and argument realization
Authors: Xiong Jiajuan , Huang Chu-Ren
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: We explore argument realization in the resultative V- de construction under the framework of the Theta System. We find that the theta grids of the resultative V- de construction are of two types, i.e., ([+c-m], [-c]) and ([+cm], [-m]), depending on the (a-)thematic relation between the verb and second/internal argument. Crucially, the external argument always has a /-m feature (the minus value of the mental state), regardless of its animacy, leading to a non-volitional Agent reading (animate) and a Cause reading (inanimate). It is due to this [+c-m] feature cluster that the construction yields an unintended result reading, which captures its preference for the occurrence of dou ‘unexpectedly’ in the construction. In this sense, the resultative V- de construction can be considered as a non-volitional counterpart to its de -less counterpart. This contrast signals the grammatical/morphological coding of volition, with the assistance of de , in Mandarin Chinese. As for the internal argument, it can be either [-c] or [-m], and their syntactic and semantic differences lend credence to the distinction between “outer objects” and “outermost objects”. The syntactic distribution of [-c] is sensitive to animacy, with animate [-c] being allowed to in both [NP1 V- de NP2 XP] and [NP1 ba -NP2 V- de XP], and inanimate [-c] in [NP1 ba -NP2 V- de XP] only, due to the interactions between animacy and case. As for [-m], it occurs in [NP1 V- de NP2 XP], in which NP2 is not thematically related to V and ba -introduction is barred. This study enriches the Theta System with Chinese data, in special regard to how animacy, mental state, and volition may affect argument realization. 摘要: 本文在 Theta 系统理论框架下探讨[V-得]结构的论元实现方式。该构式 有两种不同的论元结构，即([+c-m], [-c])和([+c-m], [-m])，两者的差 异在于动词和内论元之间是否有述谓关系(thematic relation)。两种论 元结构有一个重要的共同点，即外论元不具有心理状态的特性(即/-m)。 具体而言，不管外论元是否具有生命性，该论元都没有执行动作的意 愿性。生命性这一语义特征只能影响外论元的具体语义解读：如果外 论元是有生命名词，该论元解读为无意愿性“施事”论元；如果外论 元是无生命名词，该论元则解读为“原因”论元。不管具体解读如何， 该外论元都含有无意愿性语义特征，这也解释了为何该结构倾向于选 择具有出乎意料语义的“都”这一副词。据此，我们认为[V-得]结构 的主要功能是无意愿性构式，而“V-得”则是汉语中无意愿性语义的 语法体现。[V-得]结构的内论元具有无致使性(即[-c])或无心理性(即 [-m])，两者的句法语义差异可以证实汉语中“外论元”和“最外论元” 的存在。具体而言，无致使性内论元(即[-c])对生命性这一语义特征具 有选择性，有生命的[-c]可以允准进入[V-得]结构，承担宾语功能，即 [NP1 V- de NP2 XP]；而无生命性[-c]只能借由“把”字引入，即[NP1 ba -NP2 V- de XP]。无心理性内论元[-m]则不受生命性特征影响，不管 有无生命性，均可允准成为[V-得]结构的宾语；该宾语是“最外论 元”，与动词没有述谓关系，也不能通过把字句引入。该研究用中文 的语料丰富了 Theta 系统理论的研究；同时，该研究探讨了生命性、 心理属性和意愿性等语义特征的句法实现。
Heterogeneity Matters: Feminism, Postcolonial Theory, and Ethics in the Archives
Authors: Guilmette Lauren
Published: February 2024

Abstract: This essay draws upon Namita Goswami’s 2019 book Subjects That Matter: Philosophy, Feminism, and Postcolonial Theory for the insights she brings to an ethics of archival encounters, particularly regarding the files of those whose only record is their judgment and/or objectification by existing dominant institutions. First, I briefly summarize some key insights, with attention to Goswami’s careful exegesis of Spivak. In the next section, I consider these postcolonial feminist questions about infamous women in conjunction with Saidiya Hartman’s 2008 essay “Venus in Two Acts,” and in the third section, I explore the resonances of Goswami’s book with Hartman’s Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments , a text also published in 2019 that shares Goswami’s commitment to the heterogeneous complexity of lives that overflow their often-dismissive records. In conclusion, I suggest some alternative formulations of subjectivity and agency suggested by this line of inquiry between Goswami and Hartman.
"Text up his name": The Authorship of the Manuscript Play Dick of Devonshire
Authors: Greatley-Hirsch Brett , Pangallo Matteo , White Rachel
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The manuscript play Dick of Devonshire has been attributed to several early modern dramatists, including Thomas Heywood, Robert Davenport, James Shirley, and Thomas Dekker. Identifying the author is important to obtaining a better understanding of the play's place in the Caroline commercial theater industry and how it came to be staged by Queen Henrietta Maria's Men in the summer of 1626. This article reviews the arguments that have been made for and against the various authorial candidates and, using historical and literary evidence as well as new computational analysis, establishes that Thomas Heywood is the play's most likely author.
High-resolution Si3N4 spectrometer: architecture & virtual channel synthesis and experimental demonstration
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Hasan Gazi Mahamud , Ghorbani Houman , Rad Mohammad , Liu Peng , Bernier Eric , Hall Trevor
Published: February 2024

Up-to-date network telemetry is the key enabler for resource optimization by capacity scaling, fault recovery, and network reconfiguration among other means. Reliable optical performance monitoring in general and, specifically, the monitoring of the spectral profile of WDM signals in fixed- and flex- grid architectures across the entire C-band, remains challenging. This article describes a two-stage spectrometer architecture amenable to integration on a single chip that can measure quantitatively the spectrum across the entire C-band with a resolution of ∼ 1.4 GHz. The first stage consists of a ring resonator with intra-ring phase shifter to provide a tuneable fine filter. The second stage makes use of an AWG subsystem and a novel processing algorithm to synthesize a tuneable coarse filter with a flat passband which isolates individual resonances of a multiplicity of ring resonances. The spectrometer is capable of scanning the entire C-band with high resolution using only one dynamic control. Due to its maturity and low loss, CMOS compatible Si3N4 is chosen for fabrication of the ring resonator and two cyclic AWGs. Complete spectrometer operation is demonstrated experimentally over a selected portion of the C-band. A novel virtual channel synthesis algorithm based on the weighted summation of the AWG output port powers relaxes the conventional AWG design requirement of a flat passband and sharp transition to stopband. The operation of the circuit is invariant to the optical path length between individual components and the algorithm corrects to some extent fabrication process variation impairments of the AWG channel spectra substantially improving robustness.
Complete Phase Noise Compensation for 50 km DAS with 100 kHz linewidth ITLA
Authors: Xiao Zhengyuan , Chen Jiageng , Ji Jiazhen , Liu Qingwen , He Zuyuan
Published: February 2024

We propose a frequency domain reciprocal-distortion phase noise compensation scheme for DAS. Under the compensation, DAS with 50-km fiber and 100 kHz linewidth ITLA realizes the same performance as using narrow linewidth laser.
“Photon is our business” : introduction of research and development at Hamamatsu Photonics
Authors: Toyoda Haruyoshi
Published: February 2024

In this presentation, I will introduce R&D at Hamamatsu Photonics. Hamamatsu, it’s the city name, is almost located in the center of Tokyo and Osaka, and has long been a "manufacturing town" represented by the "Yaramaika spirit (Let’s do it !)”. Many companies such as Yamaha and Kawai for musical instruments, Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha for motorcycles, and many others were founded here in Hamamatsu. The origin of Hamamatsu Photonics can be traced back to the vacuum tube technology of Prof. Kenjiro Takayanagi, who invented "the world's first electronic television" at Hamamatsu Technical College (currently Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University) in 1926.

Hamamatsu Photonics was established in Hamamatsu City in 1953 as an "optical device manufacturer" by Heihachiro Horiuchi (1st president) who had graduated from the Takayanagi Laboratory, and Teruo Hiruma (2nd president). Here, we will introduce the history of Hamamatsu Photonics' contributions to advanced scientific research, including the development of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes for neutrino detection and Si detectors for Higgs boson detection. We also introduce spatial light modulator technology that are being put to practical use in super-resolution microscopy and laser processing. We think our mission is to benefit society through the development of technologies that capture, measure, and generate various types of light.
Sweep-free Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis Enabled by Multi-core Fiber
Authors: He Huan , Chen Shuyan , Du Haoze , Lin Zhonghong , Zhao Zhiyong , Wang Li , Huang Dongmei , Fu Songnian , Tang Ming
Published: February 2024

We propose and demonstrate a probe sweep-free Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis sensor based on digital optical frequency comb and multi-core fiber, where acquisitions of Brillouin gain spectrum and Brillouin phase spectrum reach 10 kSa/s.
On-Chip Silicon Electro-Optical Modulator with Ultra-high Extinction Ratio for Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing
Authors: Shu Xiaoqian , Cheng Zhuo , Ma Lingmei , Chen Bigeng , Li Caiyun , Sun Chunlei , Wei Maoliang , Yu Shaoliang , Li Lan , Lin Hongtao , Rao Yunjiang
Published: February 2024

An ultra-high Extinction Ratio of 60-dB on-chip electro-optical modulator based on silicon serially-coupled micro-ring structure is reported and successfully applied in a fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing system for the first time, achieving pico-strain level sensitivity.
Fast Raman OFDR via Compressed Sensing – a Numerical Experiment
Authors: North Thibault , Allousch M. Ali , Jungbluth Tim , Kocher Michel , Marx Benjamin
Published: February 2024

Raman Optical frequency-domain reflectometry (ROFDR) can take advantage of compressed sensing to retrieve approximate temperature profiles. We numerically show that hotspots can be reconstructed from a small subset of the otherwise required frequencies under some assumptions.
Novel Approach for Correlation Point Manipulation in Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis with Time Domain Data Processing
Authors: Jeong Wookjin , Song Kwang Yong , Kim Gyu-Tae , Lee Kwanil
Published: February 2024

We propose a novel approach for correlation point movement in BOCDA. And we experimentally verified the mitigation of a recurring issues in conventional BOCDA through the implementation of our proposed method.
Distributed Alarm System Based on OTDR Interrogation of Side Air-Hole Fibers
Authors: Yang Yuting , Soto Marcelo A. , Thévenaz Luc
Published: February 2024

A distributed sensor for multi-event alarm triggering is demonstrated by measuring the loss change induced by the liquefaction of pressured CO2 trapped along a side air-hole fiber.
Operando surface thermal image of cylindrical Li-ion batteries based on optical frequency domain reflectometers
Authors: Guo Zhen , Briggs Calum , Chen Haodong , Yan Jize , Marco James
Published: February 2024

Surface thermal image of a cylindrical 21700 Li-ion cell is achieved using optical fibre sensor instrumentation and high-resolution optical-frequency-domain-reflectometer. The system's 3 mm-sensing resolution allows for the precise thermal-gradient identification and characterize the thermal behavior.
Field trial of traffic monitoring of underground optical cables deployed for FTTH services
Authors: Kito Chihiro , Murakami Keisuke , Toge Kunihiro
Published: February 2024

Traffic vibration monitoring based on distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), is an attractive candidate for using optical cables deployed for FTTH services to obtain valuable data, but the installation condition and location of optical cables vary which may affect measurement sensitivity. Our field trial clarifies the dependence of DAS-based traffic vibration measurement on their installation and location condition.
Vibration Position Estimation Using Bidirectionally Applied Polarizer-based Fiber Optic Sensors System
Authors: Takahashi Shohei , Manabe Tetsuya , Nakamura Atsushi , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose a method of estimating vibration positions using a bidirectionally applied polarizer-based fiber optic vibration sensors (B-PFOSs) system. The feasibility of this method is verified experimentally.