bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of particulate matter and dust on photovoltaic systems in Shanghai, China
Authors: Ren Jing , Chen Tao , Xu Zhi , Nick Nick , Chen Shijie , Wu Xinfang , Zhao Chunjiang , Liu Yongsheng
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates a grid-connected rooftop home-based building attached photovoltaic (BAPV) system in Shanghai, China. A photovoltaic (PV) system has good economic and environmental benefits. In this study, the net present value and the payback period (PP) are adapted to determine the system profitability based on 3 years' measured data of the 3 kW BAPV system. Additionally, the indicators of the energy payback time, the energy return on investment, the greenhouse gas per kilowatt hour, the greenhouse-gas payback time and the greenhouse gas return on investment are applied to assess its sustainability by using life-cycle assessment. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the comprehensive benefits under the impact of dust. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has an adverse impact on PV systems. This paper presents a study explaining the impact of PM2.5 on the performance of PV panels in the same humidity season. Economic damage from PM2.5 should not be ignored. Three economic models under the condition of haze are presented.
Influence of stabilisers on the unconfined compressive strength of a fine soil
Authors: Feng Mingwei , Liu Shu , Wang Juan , Hu Yunfeng
Published: August 2020

In foundation engineering, weak subgrade soils are usually improved by adding several stabilisers to satisfy construction requirements, but the influence degree of each stabiliser on the strength of the stabilised soils is rarely studied. In this study, a series of unconfined compressive strength tests was conducted on a fine soil stabilised with various proportions of cement, lime, fly ash and gypsum. The influences of the four stabilisers were investigated through quantitative analysis and grey correlation analysis. The quantitative analysis examined the trends of the unconfined compressive strength with increasing contents of different stabilisers. It was found that there existed optimum fly ash and gypsum contents in this study. Also, the cement had the highest positive impact on the unconfined compressive strength. In the grey relational analysis, different normalisation methods were utilised, and it was found that the normalisation method and the trend of the strength with rising stabiliser content affected the order of the impact of various stabilisers. The grey relational analysis with a range-normalisation method provided a reasonable order of impact in this study.
Favoritism as a Manifestation of Corruption and Managerial Incompetence
Authors: Likarchuk Nataliia
Published: August 2020

In the article we analyze the approaches that are applied during human resources and personnel policy formation in Ukraine. It is said that the main criterion for key positions was the presence of close family and friendly relations, joint business, general interests, own needs and patronage-it is about favoritism. It is determined that favoritism is a type of communication that forms social relations that "progress" during crises, transformations, in the periods of social changes; It is a certain culture of behavior, the vision of the world and to impose their perspective (personal) on personnel policy in the collective.
In Ukrainian realities, favoritism became an abnormal zone in the system of public administration at different levels, where there are: unworked work in a team; Blurring of functional duties of employees; Absence of motivation in work of collective; Incompetence Favorites, which is written back to others.
It is noted that favoritism is difficult to diagnose, but it is inherent in certain signs: the lack of qualification qualities in the favorite; Rapid career growth; Using the mechanism "quid pro quo"-indirect form of relations;
One of the employees apologizes the violation of all-general rules and norms, labor discipline; Support of the manager in business meetings, negotiations; Making non-competent decisions; Constant bragging, mainly for the organization of the process, rather than the result.
It is noted that favoritism is an anti-command style control that leads to a policy of unprofessionalism, destruction of competition, loss of internal command work, social exclusion, therefore determined and as a manifestation of corrupt actions, and as a manifestation of Professional incompetence of top-managers.
Analysis of type and frequency dynamics of rehabilitation assistive devices in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Koltsov Andrey A. , Dzhomardly Elnur I.
Published: August 2020

Background. Currently, cerebral palsy is the most common neuromuscular disease in the pediatric population. Spastic forms of cerebral palsy are characterized by secondary musculoskeletal complications. They are corrected by the use of assistive devices and, especially, orthoses, along with surgical treatment, botulinum toxin, and others.
Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the type and frequency dynamics of rehabilitation assistive devices in children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy, depending on the level of the gross motor function of the patient.
Materials and methods. A prospective analysis was conducted by questioning 214 parents of children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy who were treated for the period from 2017 to 2019. The patients were divided into five groups according to the gross motor function classification (GMFCS). The statistical processing was performed using the application package Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel.
Results. Statistically significant differences in variances (p 0.05) were obtained between the number of rehabilitation assistive devices used in the anamnesis in the year before the questionnaire (period I) and assistive devices used in the last six months before the questionnaire (period II). Repeatedly, patients used orthopedic shoes the most often, and the trunk-hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses the most rarely. We found five main causes groups of assistive device use failure for children with cerebral palsy.
Conclusion. Statistically significant differences in variances were obtained between the frequency of rehabilitation assistive devices used in the anamnesis and during the last six months before the questionnaire was obtained. It has been confirmed that patients used orthopedic shoes most regularly; of all functional orthoses, hip adductor orthosis was used most often repeatedly, whereas the trunk-hip-knee-foot orthoses were the least common. Factors such as a negative attitude of the child towards the orthosis, uncomfortable in life, the presence of construction errors of the product, the absence of appropriate appointments in the individual rehabilitation and habilitation programs for the patient, have led to the most frequent rejection of the reuse of the technical device for rehabilitation. At the same time, positive or negative dynamics on the condition of the patient affected the regularity of the use of a technical device for rehabilitation in only one in six patients.
Possibilities of using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide in microautodermoplasty
Authors: Gordienko Vasily A. , Zinoviev Evgenii V. , Kostyakov Denis V. , Asadulaev Marat S. , Shabunin Anton S. , Yudin Vladimir E. , Smirnova Nataliya V. , Radeeva Anna V. , Paneiakh Moisei B.
Published: August 2020

Background. The treatment of victims with wound defects is an urgent problem of clinical medicine that doctors of various specialties, mainly surgeons and traumatologists, must face. Regardless of the etiology of the traumatic agent, the wound process is always subjected to fundamental pathophysiological processes. Despite the advances made by medical science in the local treatment of wounds (cell technology, modern wound coverings, and others), surgical procedures remain the main methods, and the search for new techniques to optimize reparative regeneration continues. This ongoing search indicates the absence of a universal algorithm for treating such defects. This lack of a universal treatment algorithm is of particular importance for assisting victims with extensive defects, which often leads to a shortage of donor resources.
Aim. The aim of this study was to increase the efficiency of microautodermoplasty due to the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide.
Materials and methods. This paper presents the results of an experimental study involving 50 rats. All animals were divided into groups considering the choice of the method of the local treatment. The experimental wound was modeled according to its original technique. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the analyzed methods was performed using planimetric and histological research methods, and by calculating the healing index.
Results. The most effective methods for treating experimental wounds using microautodermoplasty (MADP) are wound dressings based on aliphatic copolyamide (CoPA) and adipogenic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC). By 28 days of treatment after performing MADP + CoPA wound dressings + AMSC, it was possible to reduce the defect area by 16 times compared with the control, and the healing index was the maximum value among all methods 12.5 units. The high regenerative potential was also confirmed by the results of the histological examination. The worst results were found in the MADP group with AMSK that did not cover the wounds with skin or wound dressing.
Conclusion. The introduction of the analyzed methods into clinical practice will improve the results of treatment of patients with wound defects of various etiologies.
Prospects of hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials application synthesized by layer-by-layer method for pediatric traumatology and orthopedics
Authors: Meleshko Aleksandra A. , Tolstoy Valeri P. , Afinogenov Gennady E. , Levshakova Aleksandra S. , Afinogenova Anna G. , Muldiyarov Vladislav P. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Linnik Stanislav A.
Published: August 2020

The present brief review focuses on the features of the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) synthesis of coatings containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and assesses their use in solving several biomedical problems. This work provides the state-of-art of this field. This method is based on the sequential chemical adsorption of reagents on the substrate surface that makes it possible to apply nanolayers of the specified composition on the surface of a wide range of substrates of complex shape, to control the thickness of the synthesized layers accurately at the nanometer level. It also enables the modification of surface characteristics, including roughness, hydrophilicity, and surface charge, and allows artificially constructed multilayers consisting of hybrid organic and inorganic substances to be obtained. The experimental material presented in the review demonstrates the effectiveness of LbL synthesis for creating new 3D scaffolds as bone substitutes, coatings on the surface of metal implants, and drug delivery systems. A promising direction for the development of LbL synthesis is the creation of methods that involve ion-substituted hydroxyapatites as reagents. Success in this area can pave the way for significant advances in biomedicine and open new opportunities for creating a new generation of structures that mimic the structural, compositional, and mechanical properties of the bone mineral phase.
Bone mineral density in children with cerebral palsy and Spina Bifida treated with ibandronate
Authors: Kenis Vladimir M. , Sapogovskiy Andrei V. , Prokopenko Tatyana N. , Bergaliev Artur N. , Ivanov Stanislav V. , Kiseleva Tatyana I.
Published: August 2020

Background. Bisphosphonates have become a common method for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in children with neuromuscular diseases.
Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the mid-term changes of bone mineral density in patients with cerebral palsy and spina bifida treated with ibandronic acid.
Materials and methods. Thirty-four patients were examined and treated: 19 children with cerebral palsy (GMFCS levels IIIIV) and 15 children with spina bifida (thoracic and upper lumbar neurosegmental levels), mean age 9.8 2.9 years. Ibandronic acid was administered to all patients (3 consecutive intravenous infusions, 0.1 mg/kg every 34 months). The assessment of bone mineral density was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results. The Z-score increased from 2.55 to 2.1 (total body less head), and from 2.7 to 1.65 (lumbar spine). Improvement of the Z-score for the lumbar spine was noted after the first infusion, and for the whole body after the first two infusions.
Conclusion. Ibandronic acid infusions improved the bone mineral density in children with cerebral palsy and spina bifida for both the whole body and the lumbar spine. Given the data obtained, weight-bearing exercises can be recommended three months after the first infusion, and dynamic exercises can be performed, preferably after six months.
Drug prescribing pattern in patients of myocardial infarction in a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India
Authors: Mehra Akanksha , Bhat Nusrat K. , Sharma Sushil K. , Khajuria Kanika
Published: August 2020

Background: The term acute myocardial infarction (MI) should be used when there is evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting consistent with acute myocardial ischemia. Aims of this study were to assess drug prescribing pattern in patients of myocardial infarction and to compare prevalence of MI according to age, gender, diet, smoker or non-smoker, alcoholic or non-alcoholic, family history of cardiovascular disease.Methods: This observational study was conducted at department of pharmacology, in association with department of cardiology and included all patients of myocardial infarction visiting cardiology outpatient department or indoor patients and proforma was used to evaluate drug prescribing pattern.Results: Total 200 patients of acute myocardial infarction were analysed. Incidence of MI was more common in males (76%); age group 51-60 years (28.5%); non-vegetarians (68.5%); smokers (52.5%) and reduced physical activity (70.5%). 59.5% of patients had family history of cardiovascular disease. Commonly prescribed drugs were antiplatelets (100%) followed by hypolipidemic (99.5%), proton pump inhibitors (92%), antianginal (90.5%), anticoagulants (68.5%), thrombolytics (24.5%).Conclusions: This study provides insight towards drug prescribing pattern in MI patients. Most frequently prescribed drugs were antiplatelets followed by hypolipidemic and proton pump inhibitors. Patients had multiple risk factors and these can be reduced by lifestyle modifications.
Musul Kazası’nın Cizyegüzârları ve Bölgesel İlişkileri (XVII. Yüzyılın Son Çeyreği)
Authors: Samıkıran Oğuzhan
Published: August 2020

Osmanlı kenti–gayrimüslim ilişkisi çerçevesinde cizye defterlerinin, Osmanlı
gayrimüslimleri (zimmiler) tarihine ve Osmanlı şehir tarihine katkısını belirlemek
araştırmanın problemi olarak ele alınmıştır.
Araştırmanın genel amacı Musul Kazası’ndaki gayrimüslimlerin kentsel-kırsal yerleşimlerini,
göç ve göçmenlerin niteliğini, zanaatların mekânsal örgütlenmesini,
Musul’un bölgesel ilişkilerini ve çiçek hastalığının etkilerini ortaya koymaktır.
Diğer amaçlarsa şunlardır: Kentsel-kırsal nüfus ve gelir düzeyi nedir? Toplumsal ve
demografik karakteristiği belirlemede defter terminolojisindeki kavram karmaşasının
etkisi nedir? Zanaatların niteliği ve niceliği ile mahallelerin karakteristiği arasındaki
ilişki nedir? Usta-çırak sayısındaki orantısızlığın nedeni nedir? Serhat şehirlerine
ait cizye defterlerinin içerikleri ile Osmanlı hudut politikaları arasındaki ilişki nedir?
Çiçek hastalığının yayılması ile dokumacılık arasındaki ilişki nedir?
Araştırmanın esasını 1103/1691-92 tarihli Musul Kazası cizye defteri oluşturmuştur.
Defterdeki verilerin yorumlanmasında Osmanlı Arşivi’ndeki (İstanbul’da) çeşitli belge
ve defterler ile Diyarbakır ve Mardin şer‘iyye sicilleri kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada şu bulgulara ulaşılmıştır: Kazadaki yerli gayrimüslimlerin % 49’u kentte
sakin olup % 64’ü ednâ (gelir düzeyi açısından fakir) idi. Kırsaldaki ednâların oranıysa
% 77 idi. Kentte kırsal alandan (oranı % 29’dur) ve farklı kentlerden (oranı
% 61’dir) göçmenlere rastlanmıştır. ‘‘Kentte iş tutanlar’’ ve ‘‘gelip-gidenler’’ olarak
sınıflandırılan perakendelerin çoğunluğunu oluşturan rencberler; hamalları, zanaat
ve sermaye sahiplerini kapsamıştır. Rencber, mimar, kuyumcu, semerci, dokumacı
ve dokumacılığın yan kollarını oluşturan zanaatkârların çoğunluğu Dergâh-ı Nestûrî
Mahallesi’ndeydi. Nehir nakliye araçlarının üretiminde rol oynayan esnaf aynı mahallede
yoğunlaşmıştı. Bazı Müslüman çıraklar, gayrimüslim ustalarla çalışıyordu.
Şehirdeki çırakların oranı % 13’tü. Göçmen çırakların oranıysa % 26 idi. Kuyumcuların
1/3’i, kılıççılarınsa % 31’i göçmendi. Musul’da gayrimüslim ekmekçi, kasap,
değirmenci ve nalbantlara rastlanmamıştır. Çiçek salgını en fazla terzi, rencber, çulha,
boyacı ve marangoz esnafını etkilemiştir. Atasözlerinde Osmanlı vergi yaptırımlarının
izlerine rastlanmıştır.
Gayrimüslimler açısından kırsal ve kentsel nüfus arasında ciddi bir fark olmamasına
rağmen kırsal yoksulluk kentsel yoksulluktan yüksekti. Kırsaldaki düşük gelir düzeyi
ile Musul’un idari ve coğrafi konumunun sağladığı istihdam alanları ve ticaret; emek,
zanaat ve (düşük/yüksek) sermaye sahiplerini kente ve özellikle kentin işlek mahallelerine
yöneltmiştir.
Vakum Fermantasyon Uygulamasının Glutensiz Ekmeğin Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Tuta Şimşek Sezin
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada vakum (düşük basınçta) fermantasyonun glutensiz ekmeğin kalite kriterleri üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Vakum fermantasyon parametrelerinin (vakum basıncı ve fermantasyon süresi) optimizasyonu için tam faktöriyel deney tasarımı tabanlı istenirlik fonksiyonu yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Faktörler üzerine etki eden yanıtlar hamurun reolojik özellikleri (konsistens, sıkılık, viskozite indeksi, kohesiflik) olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon işlemi ile optimum vakum basıncı ve fermantasyon süresi 30 kPa ve 40 dk olarak belirlenmiştir. Konvansiyonel yöntemle ve düşük basınçta fermente edilen glutensiz ekmek örneklerinin toplam su kaybı, renk ve tekstür özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki yöntemle üretilen glutensiz ekmek örneklerinin kalite özellikleri arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak önemli olmadığı (P >0,05) gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma glutensiz ekmek üretiminde vakum fermantasyon uygulanmasının önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu görülmüştür.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Industrial Annealing Furnace
Authors: Altınkaynak Mehmet , Çelik Doğan , Yakut Ali Kemal
Published: August 2020

The industry sector is one of the sectors with the highest energy input in Turkey. When these sectors are analyzed, it is seen that iron and steel sector is in the first place. In this iron and steel sector, where there is high energy need, it is necessary to ensure the maximum efficient use of energy. Exergy is a term that expresses the availability of energy to the forefront in this industry. In this study, energy and exergy analysis of annealing furnace which has high energy input is done. Analysis showed that the ideal flue gas pressure was 40 kPa. Furthermore, the highest Exergy destruction occurred in annealing furnace with 63%. It was found that there is an energy need of 565 kj/kg per annealed billet. It has been proposed that the flue gas at about 200 ℃ ejected from the flue can be produced with an ideal rankine cycle of about 3 MW. In addition, it is stated that this waste gas thrown from the chimney can be used to meet the heating and hot water (domestic water) needs of the factory.
Average Mortality Rate of COVID-19 in Iran
Authors: Baber Sajjad
Published: August 2020

Background: Corona virus disease was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. Soon the corona virus disease has spread to many countries. World health organization has described the situation as Pandemic. By 12 March 2020, corona virus disease has affected 125 countries around the world. Corona virus was first confirmed in Iran on 19 February 2020. Objective: The aim of writing this small article is to determine the mortality rate of corona virus disease in different cities of Iran. This article will give readers an idea of different ways to control spread of corona virus disease in Iran. Methods: Author has collected the data of daily confirmed cases from different diagnostic centers and hospitals across the country from 19 February 2020 to 1 April 2020. Results: Mortality rate of corona virus disease is roughly 4%. Conclusions: Mortality rate could rise if COVID 19 infection is not controlled.
Carbon Dioxide Sequestered Concrete: A Review Paper
Authors: Mohd Kamal Nur Liyana , Itam Zarina , Sivaganese Yuovendra , Abdul Razak Norizham
Published: August 2020

Carbon dioxide, CO2 accounts for most of the emission from all the types of greenhouse gasses in the world. The ability of CO2 to remain longer than other greenhouse gases and the convenience of producing CO2 has resulted in its high projection in a yearly manner. The prime factor for the emission of CO2 are from the actions of human beings. One such human act is the concrete industry. Total emissions from the concrete industry could therefore contribute as much as 8% of global CO2 emissions. Sequestered CO2 in concrete can provide an impact on reducing the carbon footprint and is also able to improve the compressive strength of concrete. During this process, the sequestered carbon dioxide chemically reacts with cement to produce a mineral, trapping carbon dioxide gas in the concrete. Hence, sequestering carbon dioxide gas in concrete does not only on a bigger scale reduces carbon footprint, but it also reduces the impact the construction industry has on the environment. This paper presents a detailed review on the chemical reaction that takes place during the sequestration of carbon dioxide and the research published on the effects of carbon dioxide sequestered concrete on its properties. The impact this process has on the concrete industry and the environment is discussed in this paper.
BUILD STUDENTS’ CHARACTER THROUGH FASTING AT MUSLIM SCHOOL
Authors: Dermawan Oki
Published: August 2020

Spiritual intelligence is Supposed to be the main concern in education. This is done by the teaching of religious ethical values by example from the family, school and community. through the practice of worship, Such as fasting a month in Ramadhan (Refrain from eating and drinking or anything that may nevertheless invalidate the fast, all day from dawn until sunset in the month of Ramadan).  fasting, reading and understanding the holy book the Qur'an, physical and social environment conducive. when the spirituality of the students are organized, it will be Easier to organize other aspects of personality.  Fasting during Ramadan is a momentum for character building. Fasting will let people have strong principles, patience, Sincerity and do not give up and have the solidarity and love each other. That principle has now started to disappear. Moment of  Ramadan  may also be a school agenda for character building, with this media, students are expected to remember and go back to the true identity of the sacred and sublime, with the values of humanity and wisdom. When the values of human nature come back on the track, then the equality and solidarity will color the days of the students. Fasting has a horizontal dimension with a strong social life Such as charity, served meals to the orphans, be patient in facing the problem. there are some excellent values for building the character of students. It is Appropriate if the moment of Ramadan fasting would be passed on in the schools as a program after the month of Ramadan in shaping the character of students through the activities of the sunnah fasting( not compulsory fasting)   twice a week Monday-Thursday, or give students the freewill to negotiate to determine how many times a week or every month held sunnah fasting together, the idea of the Sunnah fasting is influence on the formation of student character effectively.
PROFESIONALITAS GURU PAI DALAM PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN DI SMA NEGERI 6 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nofiaturrahmah Fifi
Published: August 2020

In Learning takes creativity of teachers in the development of standards and basic competencies. Support principals, teachers and support colleagues internally within the teacher is indispensable in learning PAI. Islamic Education Teachers In senior high school 6 Yogyakarta've been able to manage learning well. With the mastery of information technology teachers PAI able to choose the right strategy and media in learning. Complete learning strategies to help overcome the differences found in the student and sufficient means also supports the management of learning. Teachers not only to plan a lesson but also to be able to perform well and structured. Factors that support the ability of teachers PAI most dominant learning PAI is MGMP. The limiting factor is the lack of teacher knowledge about PAI SBC.
MODEL EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN STAIN KUDUS (STUDI KASUS SISTEM EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN DOSEN PRODI MANAJEMEN BISNIS SYARI’AH STAIN KUDUS)
Authors: Mustaqim Muhamad
Published: August 2020

The evaluation system is an important part of the curriculum component used to measure achievement of learning objectives. In learning at STAIN Kudus, each lecturer has different models and forms of learning evaluation. This study aims to examine the model of learning evaluation conducted by lecturers in Sharia Business Management Program (MBS) in 2014. As a result, the evaluation system consists of two types, test and non test. In the type of evaluation the test consists of written tests, oral and deeds. In the written test, there is an objective test form and a description test. While non-tests can be done through observation, portfolio, attitude instruments and so on. Evaluation system used by lecturers on MBS STAIN Kudus Prodi in general is a form of written test type description. Although there are some lecturers who use objective writing tests and oral tests.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF DENGAN METODE TANYA JAWAB DALAM MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Murtadlo Ali , Widhyahrini Khusna
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the research was to knowing the improvement of students' Learning Outcomes through Interactive Learning Model with the Question and Answer Method. This is a Classroom Action Research, consisted of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The instrument used is the assessment instrument for the implementation of learning, the initial test question sheet, the first cycle question sheet and second cycle. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively. The results of analysis  the learning  quality data in the first cycle is 88.07%  classified as quality category and the second cycle of learning quality data is 93.03% categorized as very good. The completeness of learning outcomes in cycle 1 is 78.57% classified as unfinished categories and cycle 2 completeness of learning outcomes is 96.43% classified as complete categories. So, it can be concluded that the Interactive Learning Model by using the Question and Answer Method is proven to be able to improve students Learning Outcomes.
 
PESANTREN AND CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY A Critical View Of Pesantren – Based School Model for Education in Modernity
Authors: Yusuf Ahmad
Published: August 2020

This research aims to create critical thinking about innovation in the pesantren system. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach to investigate social change, Pesantren's perception of modernity by finding information from documents or research findings related to Pesantren and its challenges in modernity. Of course the number of pesantren integrated with public schools or vice versa continues to increase. Pesantren-based Schools nationally began to be declared in 2008 with 25 members and at the end of 2015 recorded an increase to 302. This proves that critical thoughts, attitudes that are innovative, adaptive, and accommodate the development of pesantren must continue to be developed so that pesantren develop. always relevant and able to respond to social changes that are so fast and unexpected. The results of this study indicate that pesantren have the ability to adapt to the development of more times and occur so quickly. The pesantren has demonstrated its ability in the era of modernity and difficulties, so that it does not only use religious and religious sources of knowledge in Islam but also "local geniuses" of Indonesia.
Immunosenescence profile and expression of the aging biomarker (p16INK4a) in testicular cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy.
Authors: Bourlon Maria Teresa , Velazquez Hugo E , Hinojosa Juan , Orozco Luis , Rios-Corzo Ricardo , Lima Guadalupe , Llorente Luis , Hernandez-Ramirez Diego F , Valentin-Cortez Francisco J , Medina-Rangel Irene , Atisha-Fregoso Yemil
Published: August 2020

Background: Cytotoxic chemotherapy can cure advanced germ cell tumors. Nevertheless, cancer treatment may induce cellular senescence and accelerate molecular aging. The aging process implies an increase of cells expressing p16 INK4a and changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. Our aim was to study the potential induction of premature immunosenescence in testicular cancer survivors (TCS) exposed to chemotherapy.Methods: Case-control exploratory study of TCS treated with chemotherapy (³3 BEP cycles, disease-free ³3 months) compared with age matched healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. CDKN2A /p16 INK4a expression in T cells was measured using qPCR. The percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and the CDKN2A/ p16 INK4a expression in TCS were compared with the control group using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results: We included 16 cases and 16 controls. The median age was 27 years (minimum 24, maximum 54) and the median time on surveillance was 26.5 months (minimum 3, maximum192). TCS had a lower percentage of total T cells and CD4+ T cells in total lymphocytes. Among the CD4+ T lymphocytes, TCS had less naïve CD4+ and increased memory CD4+ cells. Within the CD8+ T lymphocytes, TCS exhibited a decrease in the percentage of naïve cells and an increase in CD8+CD45RA+CD57+ cells. TCS also exhibited decreased memory CD19+ B cells compared to the controls. The relative expression of CDKN2A /p16 INK4a in T cells was increased in TCS (mean 1.54; 95% CI of the mean: 1.074-2.005; p=0.048).Conclusion: In this exploratory study, TCS showed increased expression of CDKN2A /p16 INK4a and a lymphocyte phenotype that has been associated with immunosenescence. Further studies are warranted to define the clinical implications of these alterations in TCS.
Circulating Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Admission Predicts the Long-Term Outcome in Acute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Authors: Zhao Jian-Lan , Lai Song-Tao , Du Zhuo-Ying , Xu Jian , Sun Yi-Rui , Yuan Qiang , Wu Xing , Li Zhi-Qi , Hu Jin , Xie Rong
Published: August 2020

Background: The prognostic value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) for the outcome of acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) patients has rarely been studied by now throughout the world. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR from peripheral whole blood count in patients with acute cervical tSCI. Patients within 6 hours of acute cervical tSCI treated between Dec 2008 and May 2018 in Huashan Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled. Outcomes of patients with tSCI were assessed using American spinal injury association Impairment Scale (AIS). 6-month outcomes were dichotomized into poor outcome group (AIS A to C) and good outcome group (AIS D and E). Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the independent predictors of 6-month outcome. Two prediction models based on admission characteristics were built to evaluate the prognostic value of NLR. The discriminative ability of predictive models was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC).Results: A total of 377 patients were identified from our single center in China PR. Multivariate analysis showed that age, AIS grade at admission, NLR (p<0.001) and coagulopathy (p = 0.003) were independent predictors of the 6-months outcome for acute cervical tSCI patients. The model combing NLR and standard variables (AUC=0.944; 95% CI, 0.923-0.964) showed a more favorable prognostic value than that without NLR (AUC=0.841; 95% CI, 0.798-0.885) in terms of 6-month outcome.Conclusions: NLR is firstly identified as an independent predictor of the 6-month outcome in acute cervical tSCI patients worldwide. The prognostic value of NLR is favorable, and a high NLR is associated with poor outcome in patients with acute cervical tSCI.
The Effect of On-site CT-derived Fractional Flow Reserve on the Management of Decision Making for Patients with Stable Chest Pain (TARGET Trial): Objective, Rationale and Design
Authors: yang junjie , shan dongkai , wang zhiqiang , dong mei , ma xiang , hu xinyang , zeng hesong , chen yundai
Published: August 2020

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) in clinical application has been well validated. This advanced technology focus on evaluating anatomical stenosis and functional ischemia simultaneously. However, the effect of CT-FFR on the management of decision making has not been fully evaluated in randomized controlled design. Method/design: TARGET study is a pragmatic, multicentre, prospective, open-label and randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a CCTA/CT-FFR strategy (Group A) versus usual care (Group B) on intermediate-to-high risk patients with suspected CAD who undergo clinically indicated diagnostic evaluation. A total sample size of 1216 subjects will be enrolled and followed up for 12 months. This study will be performed in 6 Chinese hospitals, and the primary endpoint is the planned ICA without significant obstructive CAD within 90 days. The secondary endpoints include MACE, quality of life, medical expenditure, and cumulative radiation exposure during 1-year follow-up.Disscusion: The study will provide information to patients, health care providers and other stakeholders in China about which strategy could be more effective in the management of intermediate-to-high risk patients with suspect CAD.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03901326, Registered on 03 April 2019.
Alpha Thalassemia Genotypes in Kuwait
Authors: Adekile Adekunle , Sukumaran Jalaja , Thomas Diana , De Souza Thomas , Haider Mohammad
Published: August 2020

Background: The frequency of alpha thalassemia trait is about 40% in the Kuwaiti population, but there has been no comprehensive study of the prevalent alleles. This is a report of the patients who were referred for molecular diagnosis over a 20-year period. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the a-globin genotypes obtained in the Hemoglobin Research Laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics, Kuwait University from 1994 to 2015. Genotyping was by a combination of PCR, allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and reverse dot-blot hybridization (Vienna Lab Strip Assay). Results: Four hundred samples were characterized and analyzed from individuals aged <1 month to 80 years, with a median of 6 years from 283 unrelated families.. Most (90.8%) were Kuwaiti nationals. The common genotype was homozygosity for the polyadenylation-1 mutation (α PA-1 α/α PA-1 α) in 33.3%, followed by heterozygosity (αα/α PA-1 α) for the same mutation in 32.3%. The PA-1 was therefore the most frequent allele (0.59). The frequency of the α 0 , – MED was 0.017. Rare alleles that were found in very low frequencies included the α 0 (-- FIL ) in a Filipino child, Hb Constant Spring, Hb Adana, and Hb Icaria. Conclusion : There is a wide variety of alpha thalassemia alleles among Kuwaitis, but the nondeletional PA-1 is by far the most common cause of moderate to severe HbH (β4 tetramer), disease phenotype. The α 0 (– MED ) allele is also encountered, which has implications for pre-marital counselling especially the possibility of having babies with alpha thalassemia major (Barts hydrops fetalis).
Dietary patterns of Chinese women of childbearing age during pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal birth weight
Authors: Yan Hui , Dang Shaonong , Zhang Yaodong , Luo Shuying
Published: August 2020

Objective: To examine the type of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and the distribution characteristics of children's birth weight and the association between dietary patterns and neonatal birth weight in China. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional program named “The prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi Province” in July to November in 2013. A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select women and their children. The mother's diet during pregnancy was investigated using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to collect the frequency and amount of food consumption, and the newborn birth weight as well as related social demographic information was collected at the same time. In our study, 0-1 year old children and their mothers with complete dietary survey data were selected as research objects. The main dietary patterns were identified according to factor analysis, and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to investigate the social demographic factors affecting dietary patterns. The logistic regression model was used to assess the association between birth weight and maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy by establishing three adjusting models and the data were stratified for further analysis by urban-rural and regions.Results: A total of 15980 participants were involved in this study. Four dietary patterns were identified: "vegetarian pattern", "balance pattern", "traditional pattern" and "processing pattern". Compared with moderate tertile, women in the highest tertile of adherence to vegetarian pattern increased the risk of low birth weight in offspring in rural areas (OR=1.61, 95%CI:1.06-2.93) and middle region (OR=1.75, 95%CI:1.18-2.62), and the traditional pattern had greater odds of lower birth weight in the middle region (OR=1.55, 95%CI:1.05-3.75). The processing pattern was found a protective factor for the occurrence of low birth weight in rural areas (OR=0.98, 95%CI:0.43-0.99) but was a risk factor for low birth weight in the southern region (OR=8.83, 95%CI:1.22-15.16). The balance pattern was a protective factor for the occurrence of low birth weight in the northern region(OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.14-0.83).Conclusion: The vegetarian and traditional pattern may be positively related to a higher risk of low birth weight while the balanced pattern may keep birth weight of offspring within the appropriate range. Health education of balanced diet and individual nutrition guidance during pregnancy should be strengthened, to make the dietary structure during pregnancy are more reasonable, reduce the occurrence of adverse birth weight of newborns.Fund programs: Project of birth defect control and prevention in Shaanxi(Sxwsjswzfcght2016-013) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (81230016)
Clinical features of a Chinese female nongestational choriocarcinoma cohort: a retrospective study of 37 patients
Authors: Shao Yuming , Xiang Yang , Jiang Fang , Pan Boju , Wan Xirun , Yang Junjun , Feng Fengzhi , Ren Tong , Zhao Jun
Published: August 2020

Background Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, which is classified as either gestational choriocarcinoma or nongestational choriocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of Chinese female nongestational choriocarcinoma patients and discuss our experience in treating this rare disease.Results We conducted a single-center retrospective study on a sample of 37 nongestational choriocarcinoma patients who were diagnosed and treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 1982 to March 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data were collected. Detailed information was available for all 37 individuals in our sample. The primary lesions included 34 in the ovaries, 2 in the pituitary and 1 in the stomach. The median age of onset was 22 years, and the median follow-up period spanned 41 months. The lungs (40.5%) were the most commonly observed metastatic site. All subjects were treated with surgery and multidrug chemotherapies, and a median of 4.0 courses was required to achieve complete remission. The overall complete response rate, relapse rate, and 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 81.1%, 16.7%, 80.0%, and 75.5%, respectively.Conclusions Nongestational choriocarcinoma can be managed well using surgery and multidrug chemotherapies, but the overall outcome of nongestational choriocarcinoma is still worse than that of gestational choriocarcinoma. Mixed nongestational choriocarcinoma seems to have similar therapeutic outcomes as pure tumors.
The profile of hematinic deficiencies in patients with oral lichen planus: a case-control study
Authors: Bao Zhe-xuan , Yang Xiao-wen , Shi Jing , Wang Yufeng
Published: August 2020

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common mucocutaneous disorder, and its causative factors and pathogenesis are not fully understood. Existing studies on the association between hematinic deficiencies and OLP are limited and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the hematinic deficiencies in a cohort of OLP patients and evaluate the correlation between hematinic deficiencies and OLP.Methods: A total of 236 OLP patients and 226 age-and-gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb), serum folate, vitamin B12 and ferritin were measured and compared between OLP patients and healthy controls. An REU (reticular/hyperkeratotic, erosive/erythematous, ulcerative) scoring system was adopted and compared between the OLP patients with and without hematinic deficiencies. The correlation between hematinic deficiencies and OLP was analyzed.Results: The frequencies of serum ferritin and vitamin B12 deficiency in OLP patients were both significantly higher than those of the healthy controls. According to gender and age, the profiles of hematinic deficiencies in OLP patients were significantly different. As for the REU score, no significant difference existed between OLP patients with and without hematinic deficiencies. Both serum ferritin deficiency and serum vitamin B12 deficiency were significantly correlated with OLP.Conclusions: The present study suggested a significant association between hematinic deficiencies and OLP. Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels in OLP patients should be monitored routinely. Further studies are warranted to explore the interactions between OLP and hematinic deficiencies.
Disclosure of Medical Errors: Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) in an Oncology Center
Authors: Mansour Razan , Ammar Khawlah , Al-Tabba’ Amal , Arawi Thalia , Mansour Asem , Al-Hussaini Maysa
Published: August 2020

Background Between the need for transparency in healthcare, widely promoted by patient’s safety campaigns, and the fear of negative consequences and malpractice threats, physicians face challenging decisions on whether or not disclosing medical errors to patients and families is a valid option. We aim to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of physicians in our center regarding medical error disclosure.Methods This is a cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire study. The questionnaire was piloted and no major modifications were made. A day-long training workshop consisting of didactic lectures, short and long case scenarios with role playing and feedback from the instructors, were conducted. Physicians who attended these training workshops were invited to complete the questionnaire at the end of the training, and physicians who did not attend any training were sent a copy of the questionnaire to their offices to complete. To assure anonymity and transparency of responses, we did not query names or departments.Descriptive statistics were used to present demographics and KAP. The differences between response\s of physicians who received the training and those who did not were analyzed with t-test and descriptive statistics. The 0.05 level of significance was used as a cutoff measure for statistical significance. Results Eighty-eight physicians completed the questionnaire (55 attended training (62.50%), and 33 did not (37.50%)). Sixty Five percent of physicians were males and the mean number of years of experience was 16.5 years. Eighty-Seven percent (n=73) of physicians were more likely to report major harm, compared to minor harm or no harm. Physicians who attended the workshop were more knowledgeable of articles of Jordan’s Law on Medical and Health Liability (66.7% vs 45.5%, p-value = 0.017) and the Law was more likely to affect their decision on error disclosure (61.8% vs 36.4%, p-value= 0.024).Conclusion Formal training workshops on disclosing medical errors have the power to positively influence physicians’ KAP toward disclosing medical errors to patients and possibly promoting a culture of transparency in the health care system.
Development of risk prediction models to predict urine culture growth for adults with suspected urinary tract infection in the emergency department: protocol for an electronic health record study from a single UK university hospital
Authors: Rockenschaub Patrick , Gill Martin J , McNulty David , Carroll Orlagh , Freemantle Nick , Shallcross Laura
Published: August 2020

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a leading cause of hospital admissions and is diagnosed based on urinary symptoms and microbiological cultures. Due to lags in the availability of culture results of up to 72 hours, and the limitations of routine diagnostics, many patients with suspected UTI are started on antibiotic treatment unnecessarily. Predictive models based on routinely collected clinical information may help clinicians to rule out a diagnosis of bacterial UTI in low-risk patients shortly after hospital admission, providing additional evidence to guide antibiotic treatment decisions.Methods: Using electronic hospital records from Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) collected between 2011 and 2017, we aim to develop a series of models that estimates the probability of bacterial UTI at presentation in the emergency department (ED) among individuals with suspected UTI syndromes. Predictions will be made during ED attendance and at different time points after hospital admission to assess whether predictive performance may be improved over time as more information becomes available about patient status. All models will be externally validated for expected future performance using QEHB data from 2018/19. Discussion: Risk prediction models using electronic health records offer a new approach to improve antibiotic prescribing decisions, integrating clinical and demographic data with test results to stratify patients according to their probability of bacterial infection. Used in conjunction with expert opinion, they may help clinicians to identify patients that benefit the most from early antibiotic cessation.