bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free Will: Evidence for the Existence of Soul
Authors: Mousavirad Seyyed Jaaber
Published: January 2025

Free will is an intuitive reality that all humans apprehend in their actions. Moral responsibility also stems from this freedom of will. This article first explains that the strong human intuition about free will cannot be dismissed as an illusion. It then examines the notion that a physical being cannot possess free will because it implies the ability to both perform and abstain from an action. In the physical world, all human actions are determined by preceding causes, leaving no room to avoid an action volitionally. Building on this, the article concludes that free will becomes plausible only when rooted in the existence of the soul. Consequently, free will serves as independent evidence for the existence of an immaterial soul.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)acryloylferrocene, C23H24FeO2
Authors: Du Mo , Xu Xiaona , Wang Qiaru , Tang Wenqiang , Liu Bin
Published: January 2025

C23H24FeO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.8934(19) Å, b = 5.8012(7) Å, c = 23.011(4) Å, β = 97.160(5)°, V = 1840.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0915, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2115, T = 170 K.
Energy consumption in refiner mechanical pulping
Authors: Kerekes Richard , Sandberg Christer
Published: January 2025

The efficiency of mechanical pulping has long been of interest due to the large energy consumed by the process. Previous estimates of theoretical efficiency have accounted for less than 20 % of the energy employed. In this study, we make new estimates based on fracture mechanics and abrasion as the mechanisms of new surface creation. We postulate that fracture mechanics comminutes wood into fibres and creates pores in fibre walls. This consumes around 100 kWh/t. Abrasion peels surface material from fibres in the form of morphologically different fines particles. Based on abrasion theory, we estimate this specific energy to be around 1,330 kWh/t. Together, fracture mechanics and abrasion, account for about 70 % of the specific energy (2,000 kWh/t) to produce TMP for printing paper grades. We postulate that the remaining energy is consumed as hysteresis losses from viscoelastic strains not linked to creation of new surface. The largest single source of energy consumption, abrasion, alone accounts for about 66 % of the energy of the process. Finally, we discuss how energy may be reduced by refining intensity and other means.
Constrained Choices: How Bosnian Communists Lost Their Party Before Losing the Elections
Authors: Muharemović Ensar
Published: January 2025

This article demonstrates that, during the year 1990, the process of democratization in Bosnia-Herzegovina was intentionally decelerated and stifled by the ruling Communist Party due to the ideological conservatism of its leadership. This process directly contributed to the party’s ultimate loss of power. Archival documentation, extensive newspaper coverage from this period, and testimonies of key participants are used to recreate the contextual circumstances under which the crucial events unfolded. The critical importance of strategic decisions made by the ruling political elites under extreme time pressure proved to be a key factor in determining their ability to retain power. The case of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1990 demonstrates that slow, indecisive, and gradual policymaking during the transformational period from communism to democracy could have disastrous consequences for the electoral chances of the incumbent communist parties.
Kobieta grzeczna na co dzień
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Gałczyńska Alicja
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of the guide Everyday Politeness by Jan Kamyczek, i.e. Janina Ipohorska. The author introduces the figure of Janina Ipohorska and writes about the background of the creation of her politeness guide (about “Prze krój” and the Democratic savoir-vivre column). After World War II, women became increasingly involved in pro fessional life, which led to significant changes in their identity and social relations. Ipohorska tried to respond to the needs of the new realities, providing practical advice on everyday life in the new, socialist country: from street behavior, through table manners, to relationships between men and women. The guide also includes detailed advice on how a woman should behave in relationships with men, both in the context of dating and everyday interactions. Ipohorska’s guide was an important tool in shaping the everyday customs of Poles, at the same time reflecting the social and moral changes of that period. Today it allows us to reconstruct the image of a polite woman (Polish woman) of those times.
„Luxury Splash of Art” – autorski pomysł Kamili Krzyżaniak
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Chwastyk-Kowalczyk Jolanta
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the multifaceted activity of Kamila Krzyżaniak, an architect by education, a painter by passion. She has been living in London for several years, she is the founder and editor-in-chief of the most important initiative – the English-language quarterly “Luxury Splash of Art”, subtitled “Art and Lifestyle Magazine”. The magazine has been published since autumn 2020. It is devoted to all kinds of arts, which was shown by the analysis of the content. It is published in London in paper and interactive online versions – at: www.luxurysplashofart.com, Instagram: Luxury_Splash_of_Art, Facebook: LuxurySplashofArt, info@luxurysplashofart.com.The magazine is printed on good quality chalk paper and contains excellent quality color photos. Their arrangement is carefully thought out, the editorial office spares no space, there is a lot of light, which allows you to fully appreciate their artistic values.This interdisciplinary, inspiring luxury magazine that col lects not only famous names in the artistic world, but also craftsmen, dancers, photographers, writers, lovers of good food – in a word, enthusiasts of all manifestations of beauty and the celebration of various creative embodiments. People from all over the world who cooperate with the magazine – on the basis of barter – writers, photographers and other artists, boldly introduce the recipient into the multidimensional contemporary culture. Methods used: press content analysis – qualitative; inter views, case study, press biography.
Obrończynie czy sprawczynie? Kryminologiczno-prawne aspekty udziału kobiet w ochronie zwierząt
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Dajnowicz-Piesiecka Diana
Published: January 2025

The article is dedicated to the topic of animal protection and the role of women in this area of social activism. The author provides an in depth discussion of crimes against animals, with a focus on the involvement of women in illegal activities related to animal abuse. One of the key themes is the predominance of women in animal rights movements, which is a distinguishing feature of contemporary initiatives for animal protection. The article also presents an analysis of the participation of women among suspects in crimes under Article 35 of the Animal Protection Act, based on criminal statistics for the years 1999–2023 provided by the National Police Headquarters. The most significant finding from the analysis is the increasing participation of women in crimes against animals.
Studentki i studenci wobec niepełnosprawności
Authors:   Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, Tomczyszyn Dorota , Pańczuk Anna ,   Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, Szepeluk Adam ,   Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
Published: January 2025

One of the indicators of contemporary humanism, including the development of human morality, is an attitude of tolerance towards heterogeneity. Therefore, the study of attitudes towards people with disabilities requires ongoing examination. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of students’ gender on their attitudes towards people with disabilities. Andrzej Sękowski’s Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale (PWON) was applied. A total of 844 students participated in the study. Women displayed more positive attitudes towards people with disabilities than men.
Likwidacja Najwyższego Sądu Wojskowego w 1962 roku – przyczyny, kontrowersje i konsekwencje na przyszłość
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Szczygieł Tomasz
Published: January 2025

On February 15, 1962, the Act on the Supreme Court was passed by the Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic. Its main goal was to implement the announcement of Art. 51 of the Constitution of the Polish People’s Republic, according to which the Supreme Court was to be the supreme judicial body of the Polish People’s Republic, exercising judicial supervision over other courts. The intention of the drafters was also to implement the constitutional principle of electing Supreme Court judges by the Council of State. For these reasons today few people associate this fact with the liquidation of the Supreme Military Court, which until then was the head of the military judiciary. This is hardly surprising. After all, the Military Chamber was recently abolished and replaced by the Supreme Military Court. However, it was too important for the history of the Polish system of justice to be forgotten.The article aims to present the circumstances in which this occurred. In addition, an attempt will also be made to assess whether a large-scale reform of the Polish judiciary took place at that time, or whether it was just a proverbial “change of name”, without significance, both in terms of personnel issues and the jurisdiction of the new chamber concerning the previous Supreme Military Court. Based on archival materials and literature, the article will also present a discussion on the result of the legislative actions undertaken at that time, because of which the Military Chamber of the Supreme Court was established. The purpose of the article is also to draw attention to the controversies that took place in connection with this fact. For this reason, the work will also present proposals for the reform of military justice, which, according to their authors, were intended to dispel possible concerns about the future of military justice. They were an interesting manifestation of the connection between the specificity of military justice and the trend of its integration with the structures of the common justice system in the 20th century.
Implementation of STEM Learning with a Scientific Approach to Improving Critical, Creative Thinking, and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Yeti Komalasari  , Minulya Eska Nugraha  , Sudarwan Danim  , Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the potential impact of implementing STEM learning with a scientific approach to improve critical thinking, creative thinking, and learning outcomes for Aviation Rescue and Firefighting cadets in the first aid course. Data analysis was performed using quantitative experimental and correlation analysis. The data was processed using IBM SPSS software with the Manova test, n-gain score, and correlation test. The sample in this research consisted of 45 cadets. The results of the MANOVA test show a significance value of 0.032 < 0.05, so the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The n-gain scores of critical thinking show sixteen with medium criteria and seven with high criteria. The n-gain scores of creative thinking show seventeen with medium criteria and six with high criteria. The n-gain scores of learning outcomes show fifteen with medium criteria and eight with high criteria. The significance value of the correlation test is 0.000 < 0.05, so the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. This research concludes that STEM learning with a scientific approach influences critical thinking, creative thinking, and learning outcomes in the First Aid course. There is a correlation between STEM learning with a scientific approach and critical thinking, creative thinking, and learning outcomes in the first aid course.
The Effect of Hot Conceptual Change on Students’ Views on the Nature of Science
Authors: Savas Emre , Kocakulah Aysel
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the effect of the teaching model developed for hot conceptual change on middle school 7th-grade students’ understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) aspects. In this qualitative and exploratory study, activities were carried out with 24 students of two classes in a village school in the South Marmara region using a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. Students in control (inquiry-based learning-IBL) and experimental (hot conceptual change based on IBL) groups used instructions for teaching the NOS topics in the 7th-grade light unit. The pre-test and post-test data on the NOS were obtained by the Opinions on the Nature of Science Questionnaire (ONSQ). In the analysis of ONSQ data, students’ views on the aspects of the NOS were scored according to the adequate (3), variable (2), and weak (1) categories. These scores were converted into gain scores and considered in the comparison between the groups regarding those aspects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two students from each group before and after the implementation. The gains related to NOS aspects obtained with the instructions carried out for seven weeks were presented and results were discussed in the context of the literature on hot conceptual change, IBL, and NOS. Finally, suggestions were made for new research and teaching practices for teachers.
ДОЛЯ ПРЯМОСТВОЛЬНЫХ ДЕРЕВЬЕВ У КЛИМАТИПОВ СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ В ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ КУЛЬТУРАХ В СИБИРИ
Authors: КУЗЬМИН С.Р. , КУЗЬМИНА Н.А.
Published: January 2025

Выполнен анализ доли кривоствольных деревьев у климатипов сосны обыкновенной ( Pinus sylvestris L.) в географических культурах Богучанского лесничества с разными почвенными условиями в южной тайге Красноярского края. В суглинистой почве она оказалась меньше, чем в песчаной, где древостои западных и южных климатипов гораздо чаще подвержены влиянию различных стрессовых факторов, вызывающих в молодом возрасте искривление ствола, в том числе и из-за замещения центрального побега. На суглинистых почвах южных климатипов лесостепных территорий доля таких деревьев значительна. У климатипов из восточных регионов России (Сибирь, Забайкалье, Дальний Восток) и из таежной зоны европейской и азиатской частей ареала сосны она в основном невелика (0-20 %). С увеличением северной широты мест происхождения климатипов, снижением массы исходных семян (из которых выращивались географические культуры) доля прямоствольных деревьев возрастает у потомств климатипов в разных почвенных условиях в географических культурах.

The analysis of crooked trees proportion of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) climatypes was conducted in the provenance trial of Boguchansky forestry district with different soil conditions in the southern taiga of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Averagely, the results of the study showed significantly lower proportion of crooked pine trees in conditions of loam soil, than in conditions of sandy soil. The plantations of western and southern pine climatypes are exposed to different stress factors in conditions of sandy soil. As a result, in young age trees had contortion of stem, including replacement of central shoot. The southern climatypes from forest-steppe territories are differ with high proportion of crooked trees on sandy and loam soils. There are differences in regularities of stem shape variability in the different soil conditions. The significant proportion increase of trees with straight stem was revealed with eastern longitude of origin place increasing in conditions of sandy soil. Mainly, the climatypes from eastern regions of Russia (Siberia, Zabaikalie, Far East) have small percentage (0-20 %) of crooked trees in the provenance trial of Boguchany forestry. The more northerner latitude of climatypes origin places is - the more proportion of trees with straight stems on experimental plots with different soil condition is. The posterities of Scots pine from northern, middle and southern taiga, from European and Asian parts of species range, have small percentage of crooked trees.
Testosterone and brain aging
Authors: Emanuele Bianchi Vittorio
Published: January 2025

Testosterone is an essential hormone to maintain brain health and function. It also exerts a specific activity on the peripheral nervous system, maintaining skeletal muscle activity. The brain has a wide distribution of androgen receptors (AR) in the cortical area, hippocampus, hypothalamus, telencephalon, and amygdala. AR is also in the brainstem and spinal cord areas associated with sensory functions and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. ARs were found on axons and dendrites, evidencing extranuclear activity. Testosterone regulates neuronal growth, differentiation, survival, or death through both genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways. Testosterone is metabolized in other hormones: in DHT acting on the hippocampus and 17β-estradiol, which explicitly affects dendritic arborization in females and males. Furthermore, testosterone stimulates oligodendrocytes and myelin formation, while estrogens stimulate mitochondrial activity, anti-inflammatory effect, and astrocytes protection.

Testosterone improves the survival of human neurons and astrocytes, acting directly on the mitochondrial membrane and inhibiting the reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it exerts a protective effect on brain function, preventing Alzheimer’s disease, reducing the formation of amyloid β(Aβ) peptides in cortical neurons, and neurotoxicity. Furthermore, testosterone is an effective therapy to restore hippocampal function and related pathology, increasing adult neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus through an androgen-dependent pathway. Testosterone stimulates myelin regeneration, representing the primary therapeutic goal in demyelinating diseases. There is evidence that it can be effective in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’, SLA, and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, the effect of testosterone on neurons, demyelinating diseases, muscle strength loss, mood, and depression have been investigated.
Obligation and Free Will: A Philosophical Study
Authors: Gayen Bhabesh
Published: January 2025

Every person wants to keep the society healthy and for keeping the society healthy, various rules and regulations are necessary. But when the disciplinarian becomes a consumer rather than a protector, then people need freedom. They want to create a healthy society through free choice. Philosopher Jean Paul Sartre said in his existential philosophy about freedom that there are two types of being, being-in-itself and being-for-itself. Where being-in-itself is an entity that has no free choice, that cannot voluntarily change. Such as brick, wood, sand, stone etc. entities cannot change by themselves. But he admits another kind of being, which is being-for-itself or human being. By the free choice of human being can change themselves. By their free choice they can avoid immoral acts and does moral acts. One can choose what is universally good by avoiding what is universally evil. As a result of which a universally peaceful society can be developed. But the crucial question is whether people can choose freely? Have people choice anything freely? We observe that the freedom of one man in society is always limited to the tip of another man's nose. That is, people are bound by various chains as economic, social, political, religious, legal, etc. That is, he must choose within the limits. So, can people be truly free? Or can people be truly free to choose something? But in Sartre's existential philosophy, we notice that people are free by nature. That is, people always make free choices in one way or another or people must make some kind of independent choice every moment. For example, when my mother asks me to eat something, if I obey my mother and eat the food, then it is my own choice, and even if I do not take the food because I am not so hungry, it is also my free choice. That is, people make independent choices in every case or they must make independent choices. That is why he says that people are condemned to freedom. That is, people are forced to choose freely here. But the question: if people are forced to make free choices, is it real freedom? Such issues will be discussed critically in the said article. Again, an attempt will be made to assess such problems through Kant's concept of morality.
Impact of Socio-demographic Factors on the Cognitive Well-being of Children with Special Needs in Low-and Middle- Income Countries: A Case of Morocco - Descriptive and Multilevel Approaches
Authors: Loudghiri Khadija , Houmine Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Using data from the 2014 General Census of Population and Housing in Morocco as an example, this paper aims to examine the socio-demographic barriers that hinder the education and literacy of children with special needs (CWSN) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A combined descriptive analysis and mixed effects logistic regression was used to analyse these data. Comparative findings from international studies on this topic on CWSN in LMICs were also used. The above data provide information on the demographic, socio-economic, cultural and environmental characteristics of a representative sample of 10% of the Moroccan population and households. Both individual and contextual information on people with special needs was collected, including educational status, literacy and socio-demographic characteristics. The rate of school exclusion for CWSN is significantly higher at 0.485 compared to 0.146 for children without special needs. In addition, 34% of CWSN aged 10-17 are not literate. The likelihood of enrolment and literacy for these children is influenced by several socio-demographic factors. Moroccan CWSN have limited access to opportunities for cognitive well-being. It is therefore crucial that policymakers prioritise the cognitive well-being of these children, which is a fundamental right rather than a privilege.
Legal problems of water protection on the example of manufacturing enterprises as sewage disposal plants - current limitations and de lege ferenda remarks
Authors: Sznajder Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Cel pracy

W niniejszym artykule skoncentrowałam się na omówieniu obowiązków przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych odnoszących się do ochrony wód, w tym dotyczących jakości odprowadzanych ścieków, a także zamkniętego obiegu wody. Rozważania osadziłam w kontekście zarządzania zasobami wodnymi, w tym przede wszystkim z punktu widzenia instrumentów tego zarządzania w postaci: opłat za usługi wodne oraz - w ograniczonym zakresie – zgód wodnoprawnych i kontroli gospodarowania wodami.
W publikacji zwróciłam uwagę, iż mimo dążenia ustawodawcy do zwiększenia efektywności działań na rzecz ochrony wód, w tym poprzez zmiany legislacyjne, wprowadzone m.in. ustawą o rewitalizacji rzeki Odry, to przepisy prawne stanowią barierę do realizacji celu ochrony wód.
Opracowanie wskazuje na proponowane kierunki zmian legislacyjnych. Istotne jest, aby obok nałożenia na przedsiębiorców produkcyjnych ustawą obowiązków, przepisy prawne zapewniały możliwość realizacji tych obowiązków.

Materiał i metody

Podstawową metodą badawczą była metoda dogmatyczna, polegająca na badaniu przepisów prawa krajowego celem ustalenia ich rzeczywistej treści. Oparłam się na aktach normatywnych, poglądach doktryny oraz orzecznictwie sądów.

Wyniki i wnioski

Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły mi na wyciągnięcie wniosków, co do konieczności dalszych zmian legislacyjnych. Mimo licznych zmian dokonywanych na przestrzeni ostatnich lat w intencji zwiększenia ochrony wód, praktyka pokazuje, że w tym aspekcie jest jeszcze wiele do zrobienia. Postulowane w niniejszym artykule zmiany legislacyjne, powinny zostać dokonane nie tylko w ramach ustawy Prawo wodne, ale i szeregu innych aktach prawnych związanych z gospodarką wodną, w tym w regulacjach dotyczących utrzymania czystości i porządku w gminach, zbiorowego zaopatrzenia w wodę i zbiorowego odprowadzania ścieków, czy także dotyczących planowania i zagospodarowania przestrzennego.
Dziwne twierdzenie z teorii kwantów
Authors: Mścisławski Łukasz
Published: January 2025

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Renesans retoryki?
Authors: Piechowicz Robert
Published: January 2025

Chaim Perelman, Imperium retoryki, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 2004, ss. 208.
Ultra-Low Volume Application of Biological and Selected Chemical Pesticides
Authors: Matthews Graham
Published: January 2025

Growing cotton in Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Zimbabwe and Malawi) began in the 1920's, but yields of Cotton remained low due to different insect pests. A project was established by the UK and in 1958 I was recruited to show farmers how to use DDT to control the insect pests.
Some trials had been started using a knapsack sprayer fitted with a lance with two nozzles spraying Endrin laterally as the operator walked between the rows of cotton plants.
Implementation of inclusive education as experienced by immigrant learners of diverse backgrounds in South Africa
Authors: Ngema Zonke , D’amant Antoinette
Published: January 2025

The rise in global migration means that immigrant learners have become an integral part of the South African schooling system. Educational transformation in South Africa has made diversity in schools a norm, with many schools having varied learners in terms of race, language, ethnicity, religion and culture. The move towards inclusive education should guarantee all learners, irrespective of their background, quality education. In this article I document the journey of immigrant learners in the context of South African schooling considering how inclusive their schooling experiences have been. The research was conducted at 2 primary schools (1 private and 1 public) in Durban using a qualitative, interpretive paradigm, narrative inquiry, a visual method, and semi-structured interviews to generate participants’ narratives. The findings highlight the pressure experienced in the face of prejudice, discrimination and antagonism from local peers and teachers, which impeded immigrant learners’ adaptation and success. The research also highlights the language barrier for those participants with limited proficiency in English. While the resilience of the immigrant learners is foregrounded, the findings highlight that inclusive education is not a reality for all schools in South Africa.
The incorporation of indigenous knowledge into graphic design technology
Authors: Blose P , Gumbo MT
Published: January 2025

With the single descriptive case study reported on here we aimed to explore incorporating indigenous knowledge (IK) into the teaching of graphic design (GD) as a part of Grade 9 Technology lessons. Incorporating IK into GD could make the topic more meaningful – especially for indigenous learners. The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for technology incorporates indigenous technology. A Grade 9 Technology teacher and 7 learners were interviewed. Each participant was interviewed individually at different intervals using semi-structured interviews. The teaching and learning of GD were also observed during 1 lesson. The collected data were analysed thematically. The findings reveal the teacher’s limited understanding of CAPS and her lack of understanding that IK was incorporated into the curriculum. She incorporated IK only marginally in the teaching of GD. She understood indigenous technology but did not make GD relevant to learners’ cultural knowledge and backgrounds. On the contrary, learners valued IK within their GD activities. Furthermore, the findings indicate that learners demonstrated their comprehension of IK and its alignment with their background knowledge, particularly within the context of graphics. Consequently, incorporating indigenous perspectives into Technology could transform the subject in line with the intentions of CAPS.
Challenges of learning remotely: Views of pre-service accounting teachers at a South African university
Authors: Zaly Nomsa Elizabeth , Ngwenya Jabulisile C.
Published: January 2025

With the study reported on we explored the views of pre-service accounting teachers’ challenges at a South African University during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research approach supported by the interpretive paradigm was adopted in accordance with the study focus. A case study design involving both telephonic semi-structured and WhatsApp based focus-group interviews was used to generate data. The data contributed to the understanding of the challenges encountered by teacher participants in using online learning platforms during the pandemic. Twenty participants were purposefully selected for the study. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. The findings show that pre service teachers faced some challenges that limited their learning and subsequent grasping of concepts in accounting while learning off campus due to the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.
Making Sense of Digital Domination
Authors: Maas Jonne
Published: January 2025

The republican concept of domination in the context of the digital realm has increasingly gained attention. Domination is an instance of superior and arbitrary power. While the discussions on digital domination are a worthwhile expansion of AI Ethics, much of the debate remains limited to online platforms and specific to a particular relation or context. In this paper, I follow Pettit’s account of domination to argue that certain seemingly more innocent AI systems dominate citizens of digital societies. I claim that in such societies, basic liberties, i.e., liberties required to function equally in society, increasingly depend on AI systems that cannot be held to account due to ineffective regulation. This constitutes an arbitrary power relation (i.e., domination) between the AI and the person subjected to the AI. Given basic liberties apply to any citizen of a particular society, all citizens living in modern, digital societies are dominated. Digital domination, therefore, has much broader societal implications than is currently acknowledged in the literature. I conclude by proposing what I believe to be the root source of this digital domination: an ‘innovation-friendly’ approach enabled by socio-economic structures.
Quantitative and Organizational Approaches to Epistemic Risk in Generative and General-Purpose AI
Authors: Wolfe Robert
Published: January 2025

This extended abstract discusses the three approaches to epistemic risk in general-purpose AI that characterize my research: measurement, design, and transparency.
Generative Models for Art and Society
Authors: Wu Yankun
Published: January 2025

Text-to-image models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in producing high-fidelity images from natural language prompts. The widespread application and increasing accessibility of pioneering models, such as Stable Diffusion, have gained significant attention regarding the impact of generated images on representations in downstream tasks. Concurrently, ethical considerations on text-to-image generation have emerged especially regarding gender bias.
This paper presents three projects that explore generative models on their capabilities and bias. The first project leverages Stable Diffusion to disentangle content and style in art paintings, paving the way for applying the generative model to digital humanities. The second project evaluates gender bias in text-to-image generation, analyzing its origins and manifestations in generated images. The third project presents a survey on societal bias evaluation in generative models, targeting to synthesize current research and provide insights into future directions. Through these projects, we aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the applications and potential societal impacts of text-to-image generation, fostering a more nuanced understanding of their capabilities and limitations.
Integration of hyperplastic models in strain space
Authors: Ghoreishian Amiri Seyed Ali , Grimstad Gustav , Dadras-Ajirlou Davood
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a simple and flexible integration scheme designed to capture the elastic-plastic behaviour of materials directly from a free energy function, a dissipation function, and kinematic constraints, typically formulated in strain space. As such, it eliminates the need to establish expressions for yield functions and/or plastic flow potentials. This is beneficial as analytical transformation of complex dissipation functions, particularly when combined with realistic kinematic constraints, often involves mathematical complexities. However, such a transformation is unnecessary as all essential information is already embedded within the various elements of the framework, i.e. the free energy potential, dissipation function and kinematic constraint expressions. Moreover, the scheme can be utilized to numerically visualise yield surfaces. The method is successfully applied to a family of sand and clay models featuring different dissipation functions, kinematic constraints (dilatancy rules) and friction mobilisation. These applications include showcasing models that lack analytical transformation, as well as models where analytical transformation to the yield and potential surfaces is possible, allowing for comparison. Through numerical simulation of several drained and undrained element tests, and the generation of yield surfaces, the efficacy of the proposed integration scheme is demonstrated. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is used to implement the Matsuoka-Nakai model in a finite element program to demonstrate its applicability to boundary value problems.
The etymology of Britain
Authors: Mees Bernard
Published: January 2025

Phonologically unexpected loanwords in Latin include petoritum, Galli, gladius and Britanni, all of which have been proposed to be Celtic coinages. Yet the alternation represented by Britanni 'Britons' and Old Irish Cruithne 'Picts', also apparent
in the toponymic forms Πρετταvικη and Britannia, does not have an obvious Latin or intra-Celtic motivation. It would make sense if the term has a non-Celtic Indo-European origin, however, and if it reflects an originally Pictish derivation of
Indo-European *pret - 'to understand'. The term may have been coined by descendants of post-Yamnaya Beaker / Corded-Ware migrants rather than those of the Celtic wave of settlement isolated in recent studies of ancient DNA.
RNA Extraction and RNA-Sequencing Method for Transcriptomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis v1
Authors: Hiebert Morgan , Sharma Meenu , Go Alwyn , Bonner Christine , Laminman Vanessa , Graham Morag , Soualhine Hafid
Published: January 2025

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies have advanced exponentially in recent years, however application of RNA-seq to M. tuberculosis remains limited. We present a complete wet-lab and computational protocol for RNA-seq of Mycobacterium tuberculosis including RNA extraction, rRNA depletion, cDNA library preparation, high-throughput sequencing, and differential expression analysis. This research contributes to the literature by providing methodology for RNA-seq of M. tuberculosis, thereby bridging an important gap in mycobacterial transcriptomics.
Challenging Beam Test v2
Authors: Marciano Sabina , Marongiu Roberta
Published: January 2025

The challenging beam test is used to measure motor performance, coordination, and balance
Dosagem de proteínas por BCA v2
Authors: Paiva Trajano Isis
Published: January 2025

O ensaio de ácido bicinconínico (BCA) é um método bioquímico que determina as concentrações de proteína entre 20 e 2.000 μg/mL numa solução.A dosagem de proteínas por BCAé feita através da mudança de cor da solução, que passa de azul para roxo.O valor de absorbância da amostra é comparado a uma curva padrão para determinar a concentração de proteína. Protein Quantification by BCA The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay is a biochemical method that determines protein concentrations ranging from 20 to 2,000 μg/mL in a solution. Protein quantification by BCA is performed through a color change in the solution, which shifts from blue to purple. The absorbance value of the sample is compared to a standard curve to determine the protein concentration.
¿El principio de ordenación onomasiológica como perturbación del orden?
Authors: Haßler Gerda
Published: January 2025

This contribution is intended as a plea for the application of the onomasiological method in the historiography of linguistics. For periods in which the consolidation of linguistic concepts had not yet been completed and in which conceptual developments occurred in the texts that gave rise to variants, an alphabetical arrangement, as is usual in linguistic dictionaries, is not very appropriate. A first result of the application of the onomasiological method to the history of linguistics will be presented with the lexicon of the linguistic-theoretical foundations of the 17th and 18th centuries (Haßler & Neis, 2009). In this contribution, we will explain the methodological approach of onomasiological studies on the history of linguistic concepts, using examples that illustrate the applicability of the onomasiological method in future projects. Given the enormous variety of terms and designations, we cannot limit ourselves to looking for a word or a group of words in texts. There is an asymmetry between the conceptual and denominational sides that makes it impossible to establish direct correspondences.
Effect of Combined Prebiotics from Different Sources and Microorganism Mix on Growth Performance of Milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal, 1775
Authors: Aslamyah Siti , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Alameen Mohammed Ayman
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using synbiotics in artificial feed on growth, digestive enzyme activities, glycogen levels, hepatosomatic index, body chemical composition, nutrient retention, gastric emptying rate, and blood glucose levels of milkfish. Milkfish (4.78 ± 0.16 g) were stocked at density of 20 fish per aquarium (50 × 40 × 35 cm3) containing 48 L of water with a salinity of 20 ppt and equipped with a recirculation system. Fish were fed three times a day (7:00 AM, 12:00, and 17:00 PM) at a feeding rate of 5% for 50 days. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replicates. Synbiotics consisting of 10 mL/kg microorganism mix and 2% different sources of prebiotics (sweet potatoes, Kappaphycus alvarezii, green beans, and red onion) were added to the artificial feed. The results indicated that milkfish-fed sweet potatoes and green beans experienced significant growth improvement and enhanced feed efficiency. These prebiotic sources also positively impacted digestive enzyme activities, potentially improving nutrient utilization. Additionally, green beans exhibited the most pronounced effects on liver and muscle glycogen levels, hepatosomatic index, and energy content. Body composition data showed alterations in protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract percentages due to prebiotic sources. Green beans demonstrated the highest nutrient retention rates. Moreover, the rate of gastric emptying and blood glucose that was observed reached its peak, and the fastest peak decreased in the prebiotic treatment, which was sourced from green beans and sweet potatoes.
Pembentukan Tanah Baki di Malaysia melalui Faktor Kawalan Fizikal Batuan Induk
Authors: Nerwan Shah Azlan Shah , Mohd Nazer Nor Shahidah
Published: January 2025

Batuan induk utama – igneus, sedimen dan metamorf menghasilkan variasi tanah baki in situ yang berbeza di Malaysia. Kajian ini membangunkan nilai fizikal terkini ke atas 38 sampel tanah baki berbeza batuan induk di seluruh Malaysia dengan pengkhususan diberikan ke atas nilai taburan saiz butiran (PSD), had Atterberg melalui penentuan had plastik (PL), had cecair (LL) dan indeks keplastikan (PI), graviti tentu (Gs), indeks tekstur luluhawa (Iw) dan cirian morfologi mikro mineral lempung. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat variasi unjuran PSD dan darjah ketekalan tanah mengikut jenis tanah baki. Tanah baki igneus mempunyai kandungan pasir (Pr) kasar dan kerikil (Kl) yang tinggi dengan julat nilai 83.5%-93.31%. Peratusan lodak (Lk) dan lempung (Lg) adalah rendah ke sederhana, berjulat 6.69%-16.5% serta nilai Gs berjulat sekitar 2.35-2.56. Darjah keplastikan tanah baki igneus adalah rendah–sederhana dengan nilai PL sekitar 27.7%-40.53%, nilai LL berjulat 40.0%-53.93% dan nilai PI sekitar 8.34%-14.56%. Tanah baki metamorf mempunyai peratus butiran kasar yang tinggi dengan julat peratusan Pr + Kl antara 75.5%-95% dan peratus Lk + Lg yang rendah–sederhana berjulat antara 5%-24.5%. Julat Gs adalah antara 2.52-2.71. Nilai PL dan LL masing-masing berjulat antara 19.21%-36.48% dan 29.55%-61.83% dengan nilai PI sekitar 3.60%-25.35%. Tanah baki igneus dan metamorf memperlihatkan nilai Iw yang rendah berbanding tanah baki sedimen dengan kehadiran mineral lempung stabil seperti kaolinit dan haloisit serta peratus butiran kohesif yang rendah. Sampel tanah baki sedimen mempunyai peratus butiran kasar yang lebih rendah dengan julat Pr + Kl antara 54.07%-88% dan peratusan butiran halus Lk + Lg yang tinggi dengan julat antara 12%-45.93%. Julat Gs adalah antara 2.40-2.70. Tanah baki sedimen juga mempunyai darjah keplastikan yang tinggi dengan julat nilai PL dan LL masing-masing antara 21.58%-40.71% dan 38.95%-88.42% serta nilai PI sekitar 7.24%-51.61%. Tanah ini ditandai dengan kehadiran mineral lempung mengembang seperti montmorilonit dan vermikulit.
Analisis Kinetik bagi Segmen Bahagian Pinggiran atas Badan semasa Melakukan Aktiviti Kehidupan Harian
Authors: Che-Nan Hasyatun , Rambely Azmin Sham
Published: January 2025

Pembangunan model biomekanik untuk mendapatkan nilai kilasan dapat membantu mencegah kecederaan daripada berlaku. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan model biomekanik bahagian atas badan yang merangkumi lengan atas, lengan bawah dan tangan untuk mendapatkan nilai kilasan sendi bahu, siku dan pergelangan tangan semasa melakukan aktiviti menyentuh bahu kontra lateral, mencapai suis dan menyikat rambut. Seterusnya, model biomekanik ini disahkan melalui perbezaan antara nilai sudut uji kaji dengan nilai sudut anggaran menggunakan kaedah berangka, Runge-Kutta peringkat kelima. Selain itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan nilai kilasan semasa melakukan tiga aktiviti kehidupan harian. Kajian ini melibatkan 20 orang subjek normal dalam lingkungan umur 24-56 tahun dengan purata berat badan 72.9±16.5 kg. Aktiviti pergerakan dirakam menggunakan Vicon Nexus 1.8.1 (Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, England) dengan kadar frekuensi 100 Hz. Melalui rakaman ini, data kinematik seperti tempoh masa pergerakan, sudut, halaju dan pecutan sudut sendi diperoleh. Nilai kilasan sendi diramal berdasarkan model anggota bahagian atas badan dengan menggantikan data kinematik ke dalam persamaan dinamik songsang yang diterbitkan menggunakan kaedah Kane. Pengesahan pemodelan menggunakan kaedah Runge-Kutta peringkat kelima Butcher bagi memperoleh semula nilai sudut anggaran menggunakan nilai kilasan yang telah dianggarkan. Peratusan ralat relatif telah dihitung dan didapati ia tidak terlalu besar dengan nilai 0.038% bagi nilai sudut bahu dan 0.019% bagi nilai sudut siku. Oleh itu, dapat disimpulkan bahawa data sudut uji kaji dan data sudut anggaran adalah sepadan. Seterusnya, nilai kilasan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian satu hala (ANOVA). Hasil kajian mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan pada semua parameter kinetik bagi ketiga-tiga aktiviti yang dikaji. Oleh itu, kajian kinetik ini membantu memperoleh pemahaman tentang biomekanik pergerakan menerusi nilai kilasan, yang seterusnya menyumbang kepada kemajuan dalam teknik pemulihan dan reka bentuk ergonomik.
Characteristics of High Protein Product-Derived from Catfish Mixed with Fermented Sweet Potato Flours and Its Impact on Malnourished Rats
Authors: Catur Adi Annis , Salisa Wizara , Taher Muhammad , Rifqi Mahmud Aditya , Rachmawati Heni
Published: January 2025

In 2022, Indonesia has prevalence of stunting over 20%. One of the variables that can contribute to stunting is protein deficiency. This issue can be mitigated by providing a sufficient consumption of animal protein. Implementing food formulation as a means of diversifying local food sources is a strategy to address the issue of stunting while improving food security. This study aimed to assure the standard quality, nutritional content, level of consumer acceptance, and the impact of a composite flour made from a combination of catfish and fermented sweet potato, which had been enriched with micronutrients. The research process encompassed several stages: formulation, evaluation of product characteristics and compliance to regulatory standards of food contaminants, nutritional content, hedonic tests by panelists, and animal model as pre-clinical testing. The findings indicated that flour consisted of catfish and fermented sweet potato enriched with micronutrients served as a high-protein mixture (25.35%, while ordinary flour 13%) encompassing a complete range of nutrients. This formulation fulfills the requirements for product standards and ensures food safety. The product meets panelists acceptance (taste rating >3.5 means like) and is a suitable ingredient for various processing methods. In animal model, this product can significantly increase the body weight of malnourished rats (p<0.05). Catfish and sweet potato are potential local foods serving high-protein flour. This flour enriched with micronutrients can further improve the nutritional content, high acceptability, demonstrate optimal characteristics, food contaminants-free, and proven to increase body weight on rats.
Mental disorders in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Klimenko A. A. , Aleksandrova A. Yu.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that leads to dysfunction of internal organs and significantly increases the risk of respiratory infections. According to the N. P. Bochkov Medical and Genetic Research Center, 1 out of 9,000 newborns suffers from CF. Chronic disease has a negative impact on mental health and can contribute to the developmentof anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as accentuated traits and personality disorders.

   Aim. To summarize the currently available data on mental disorders in patients with CF, as well as to summarize current recommendations regarding the management of patients with this disease.

   Materials and methods. Articles were searched in Google Scholar databases, eLIBRARY.ru, Elsevier, PubMed from 2014 to 2024 by key words in Russian and English in accordance with the purpose of the study.

   Results. It has been established that mental health problems are associated with worse compliance to the treatment, as well as difficulties with self-organization and self-care. Some hypotheses that explain the pathogenesis of mental disorders have been provided. The key characteristics of course and clinical presentation of mental disorders in this group of patients have been described. Some potential recommendations for the treatment are provided, taking into the account the specificities of the metabolism of psychotropic drugs in people with CF. The tactics of management, including the creation of a multidisciplinary team that would consist of a doctor of somatic profile, psychiatrist and a psychologist. A strategy for development of this aspect of medical care for patients with CF has also been proposed.

   Conclusion. Drawing the attention of the scientific community to the problem of mental disorders in patients with CF will allow the introduction of methods for monitoring mental status and early detection of symptoms, and will also entail the creation of multidisciplinary teams, including a psychiatrist and a medical psychologist.