bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIF-1α-regulated lncRNA-TUG1 promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis by directly binding to FUS in myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Yong-Wang , Dong Hong-Zhi , Tan Yong-Xing , Bao Xu , Su Ying-Man , Li Xin , Jiang Fang , Liang Jing , Huang Zhen-Cai , Ren Yan-Ling , Xu Yu-Li , Su Qiang
Published: April 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a fatal heart disease that affects millions of lives worldwide each year. This study investigated the roles of HIF-1α/lncRNA-TUG1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis in MI. CCK-8, DHE, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, and JC-1 staining were performed to measure proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), LDH leakage, and mitochondrial damage in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated cardiomyocytes. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and flow cytometry were used to detect LDH, creatine kinase (CK), and its isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels and caspase-1 activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase assay, and RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to assess the interaction between HIF-1α, TUG1, and FUS. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to measure HIF-1α, TUG1 and pyroptosis-related molecules. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP risk end labelling (TUNEL) staining were employed to examine the morphology, infarction area, and myocardial injury in the MI mouse model. Mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis were induced in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes, accompanied by an increase in the expression of HIF-α and TUG1. HIF-1α promoted TUG1 expression by directly binding to the TUG1 promoter. TUG1 silencing inhibited H/R-induced ROS production, mitochondrial injury and the expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD. Additionally, H/R elevated FUS levels in cardiomyocytes, which were directly inhibited by TUG1 silencing. Fused in sarcoma (FUS) overexpression reversed the effect of TUG1 silencing on mitochondrial damage and caspase-1 activation. However, the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) promoted the protective effect of TUG1 knockdown on H/R-induced cardiomyocyte damage. The in vivo MI model showed increased infarction, myocardial injury, ROS levels and pyroptosis, which were inhibited by TUG1 silencing. HIF-1α targeting upregulated TUG1 promotes mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis by combining with FUS, thereby promoting the occurrence of MI. HIF-1α/TUG1/FUS may serve as a potential treatment target for MI.
MAT2A facilitates PDCD6 methylation and promotes cell growth under glucose deprivation in cervical cancer
Authors: Luo Hui , Song Yizuo , Zhang Jian-an , Liu Yi , Chen Fengyun , Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Xueqiong
Published: April 2022

The underlying mechanisms of methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2A)-mediated cervical cancer progression under nutrient stress are largely elusive. Therefore, our study aims to investigate molecular mechanism by which MAT2A-indcued cervical oncogenesis. The interaction between MAT2A and programmed cell death protein 6 (PDCD6) in cervical cancer cell lines was detected by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and mass spectrometric analysis. A panel of inhibitors that are linked to stress responsive kinases were utilized to detect related pathways by immunoblotting. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Apoptosis related protein level of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 was also analyzed in cells with PDCD6 K90 methylation mutation. The association between MAT2A and PDCD6 was detected by immunohistochemistry and clinicopathological characteristics were further analyzed. We found that the interaction between MAT2A and PDCD6 is mediated by AMPK activation and facilitates PDCD6 K90 methylation and further promotes protein stability of PDCD6. Physiologically, expression of PDCD6 K90R leads to increased apoptosis and thus suppresses growth of cervical cancer cells under glucose deprivation. Furthermore, the clinical analysis indicates that the MAT2A protein level is positively associated with the PDCD6 level, and the high level of PDCD6 significantly correlates with poor prognosis and advanced stages of cervical cancer patients. We conclude that MAT2A facilitates PDCD6 methylation to promote cervical cancer growth under glucose deprivation, suggesting the regulatory role of MAT2A in cellular response to nutrient stress and cervical cancer progression.
Targeting matrix metallopeptidase 2 by hydroxyurea selectively kills acute myeloid mixed-lineage leukemia
Authors: Wang Ruiheng , Xie Shufeng , Zhu Shouhai , Sun Yong , Shi Bowen , Li Dan , Kang Ting , Wang Yuanli , Xu Zhenshu , Liu Han
Published: April 2022

Oncogene-induced tumorigenesis results in the variation of epigenetic modifications, and in addition to promoting cell immortalization, cancer cells undergo more intense cellular stress than normal cells and depend on other support genes for survival. Chromosomal translocations of mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) induce aggressive leukemias with an inferior prognosis. Unfortunately, most MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias are resistant to conventional chemotherapies. Here, we showed that hydroxyurea (HU) could kill MLL-r acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through the necroptosis process. HU target these cells by matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) deficiency rather than subordinate ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) inhibition, where MLL directly regulates MMP2 expression and is decreased in most MLL-r AMLs. Moreover, iron chelation of HU is also indispensable for inducing cell stress, and MMP2 is the support factor to protect cells from death. Our preliminary study indicates that MMP2 might play a role in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway that prevents activation of unfolding protein response under innocuous endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hence, these results reveal a possible strategy of HU application in MLL-r AML treatment and shed new light upon HU repurposing.
Possible permanent Dirac- to Weyl-semimetal phase transition by ion implantation
Authors: Lee Won Jun , Salawu Yusuff Adeyemi , Kim Heon-Jung , Jang Chan Wook , Kim Sung , Ratcliff Thomas , Elliman Robert G. , Yue Zengji , Wang Xiaolin , Lee Sang-Eon , Jung Myung-Hwa , Rhyee Jong-Soo , Choi Suk-Ho
Published: April 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) topological semimetals (TSMs) are a new class of Dirac materials that can be viewed as 3D graphene and are referred to as Dirac semimetals (DSMs) or Weyl semimetals (WSMs) depending on whether time reversal symmetry and/or inversion symmetry are protected, respectively. Despite some interesting results on Dirac- to Weyl-semimetal phase transitions under conditions of low temperature or strong magnetic field (B), all of them are reversible phenomena. Here, we report for the first time a possible permanent transition in a single TSM by ion implantation. A Dirac- to Weyl-semimetal phase transition in a Bi0.96Sb0.04 DSM results from inversion-symmetry breaking induced by implantation with nonmagnetic Au ions for implant fluences (ϕG) ≥ 3.2 × 1016 Au cm−2. This phenomenon is evidenced by the ϕG-dependent behavior of the Raman spectra and quantum-oscillation parameters extracted from magnetoresistance (MR) measurements, which show abrupt changes at ϕG ≥ 3.2 × 1016 Au cm−2. The verification of the transition is further supported by observations of negative MR in the longitudinal B // electric field orientation, indicating the existence of a chiral anomaly in Weyl fermions induced by implantation with nonmagnetic Au ions. In contrast, implantation with magnetic Mn ions exhibits no such particular behavior. Our findings demonstrate the first realization of a possible permanent DSM-to-WSM phase transition in a single material by the simple approach of implantation using nonmagnetic elements.
Functional control of a 0.5 MDa TET aminopeptidase by a flexible loop revealed by MAS NMR
Authors: Gauto Diego F. , Macek Pavel , Malinverni Duccio , Fraga Hugo , Paloni Matteo , Sučec Iva , Hessel Audrey , Bustamante Juan Pablo , Barducci Alessandro , Schanda Paul
Published: April 2022

Large oligomeric enzymes control a myriad of cellular processes, from protein synthesis and degradation to metabolism. The 0.5 MDa large TET2 aminopeptidase, a prototypical protease important for cellular homeostasis, degrades peptides within a ca. 60 Å wide tetrahedral chamber with four lateral openings. The mechanisms of substrate trafficking and processing remain debated. Here, we integrate magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, mutagenesis, co-evolution analysis and molecular dynamics simulations and reveal that a loop in the catalytic chamber is a key element for enzymatic function. The loop is able to stabilize ligands in the active site and may additionally have a direct role in activating the catalytic water molecule whereby a conserved histidine plays a key role. Our data provide a strong case for the functional importance of highly dynamic - and often overlooked - parts of an enzyme, and the potential of MAS NMR to investigate their dynamics at atomic resolution.
Learning meaningful representations of protein sequences
Authors: Detlefsen Nicki Skafte , Hauberg Søren , Boomsma Wouter
Published: April 2022

How we choose to represent our data has a fundamental impact on our ability to subsequently extract information from them. Machine learning promises to automatically determine efficient representations from large unstructured datasets, such as those arising in biology. However, empirical evidence suggests that seemingly minor changes to these machine learning models yield drastically different data representations that result in different biological interpretations of data. This begs the question of what even constitutes the most meaningful representation. Here, we approach this question for representations of protein sequences, which have received considerable attention in the recent literature. We explore two key contexts in which representations naturally arise: transfer learning and interpretable learning. In the first context, we demonstrate that several contemporary practices yield suboptimal performance, and in the latter we demonstrate that taking representation geometry into account significantly improves interpretability and lets the models reveal biological information that is otherwise obscured.
Interlayer magnetophononic coupling in MnBi2Te4
Authors: Padmanabhan Hari , Poore Maxwell , Kim Peter K. , Koocher Nathan Z. , Stoica Vladimir A. , Puggioni Danilo , (Hugo) Wang Huaiyu , Shen Xiaozhe , Reid Alexander H. , Gu Mingqiang , Wetherington Maxwell , Lee Seng Huat , Schaller Richard D. , Mao Zhiqiang , Lindenberg Aaron M. , Wang Xijie , Rondinelli James M. , Averitt Richard D. , Gopalan Venkatraman
Published: April 2022

The emergence of magnetism in quantum materials creates a platform to realize spin-based applications in spintronics, magnetic memory, and quantum information science. A key to unlocking new functionalities in these materials is the discovery of tunable coupling between spins and other microscopic degrees of freedom. We present evidence for interlayer magnetophononic coupling in the layered magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4. Employing magneto-Raman spectroscopy, we observe anomalies in phonon scattering intensities across magnetic field-driven phase transitions, despite the absence of discernible static structural changes. This behavior is a consequence of a magnetophononic wave-mixing process that allows for the excitation of zone-boundary phonons that are otherwise ‘forbidden’ by momentum conservation. Our microscopic model based on density functional theory calculations reveals that this phenomenon can be attributed to phonons modulating the interlayer exchange coupling. Moreover, signatures of magnetophononic coupling are also observed in the time domain through the ultrafast excitation and detection of coherent phonons across magnetic transitions. In light of the intimate connection between magnetism and topology in MnBi2Te4, the magnetophononic coupling represents an important step towards coherent on-demand manipulation of magnetic topological phases.
In vivo imaging of invasive aspergillosis with 18F-fluorodeoxysorbitol positron emission tomography
Authors: Kim Dong-Yeon , Pyo Ayoung , Ji Sehyeon , You Sung-Hwan , Kim Seong Eun , Lim Daejin , Kim Heejung , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Oh Se-Jeong , Jung Ye-rim , Kim Uh Jin , Jeon Subin , Kwon Seong Young , Kang Sae-Ryung , Lee Hyang Burm , Hyun Hoon , Kim So-Young , Moon Kyung-Sub , Lee Sunwoo , Kang Seung Ji , Min Jung-Joon
Published: April 2022

Invasive aspergillosis is a critical complication in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies or with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus or SARS‑CoV‑2. Although early and accurate diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis can maximize clinical outcomes, current diagnostic methods are time-consuming and poorly sensitive. Here, we assess the ability of 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluorosorbitol (18F-FDS) positron emission tomography (PET) to specifically and noninvasively detect Aspergillus infections. We show that 18F-FDS PET can be used to visualize Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the lungs, brain, and muscles in mouse models. In particular, 18F-FDS can distinguish pulmonary aspergillosis from Staphylococcus aureus infection, both of which induce pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients. Thus, our results indicate that the combination of 18F-FDS PET and appropriate clinical information may be useful in the differential diagnosis and localization of invasive aspergillosis.
Probing the seismic cycle timing with coseismic twisting of subduction margins
Authors: Corbi F. , Bedford J. , Poli P. , Funiciello F. , Deng Z.
Published: April 2022

Assessing the timing of great megathrust earthquakes is together crucial for seismic hazard analysis and deemed impossible. Geodetic instrumentation of subduction zones has revealed unexpected deformation patterns at subduction segments adjacent to those that hosted recent mega-earthquakes: coastal sites move landward with faster velocities than before the earthquake. Here, we show observations from the largest and best-monitored megathrust earthquakes, and from a scaled analog model, to reveal that these events create coseismic and postseismic deformation patterns typical of a complete gear-like rotation about a vertical axis, hereafter called twisting. We find that such twisting alters the interseismic velocity field of adjacent subduction segments depending on the time since the last earthquake. Early interactions accelerate while late interactions decelerate local kinematics. This finding opens the possibility of using megathrust earthquakes, the characteristics of the twisting pattern, and the ensuing geodetic velocity changes, as a proxy for estimating the timing of the seismic cycle at unruptured segments along the margin.
Evidence for oxygen-conserving diamond formation in redox-buffered subducted oceanic crust sampled as eclogite
Authors: Aulbach Sonja , Stachel Thomas
Published: April 2022

Cratonic eclogite is the product of oceanic crust subduction into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, and it also is a fertile diamond source rock. In contrast to matrix minerals in magma-borne xenoliths, inclusions in diamond are shielded from external fluids, retaining more pristine information on the state of the eclogite source at the time of encapsulation. Vanadium is a multi-valent element and a widely used elemental redox proxy. Here, we show that that xenolithic garnet has lower average V abundances than garnet inclusions. This partly reflects crystal-chemical controls, whereby higher average temperatures recorded by inclusions, accompanied by enhanced Na2O and TiO2 partitioning into garnet, facilitate V incorporation at the expense of clinopyroxene. Unexpectedly, although diamond formation is strongly linked to metasomatism and xenoliths remained open systems, V concentrations are similar for bulk eclogites reconstructed from inclusions and from xenoliths. This suggests an oxygen-conserving mechanism for eclogitic diamond formation, and implies that eclogite is an efficient system to buffer fO2 over aeons of lithospheric mantle modification by subduction-derived and other fluids.
Ferroelectricity coexisted with p-orbital ferromagnetism and metallicity in two-dimensional metal oxynitrides
Authors: Ai Haoqiang , Li Feifei , Bai Haoyun , Liu Dong , Lo Kin Ho , Yang Shengyuan A. , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Pan Hui
Published: April 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroics have attracted increasing interests in basic science and technological fields in recent years. However, most reported 2D magnetic ferroelectrics are based on the d-electron magnetism, which makes them rather rare due to the empirical d0 rule and limits their applications for low magnetic phase transition temperature. In this work, we demonstrate that the ferroelectricity can coexist with the p-electron-induced ferromagnetism without the limitation of d0 rule and metallicity in a family of stable 2D MXene-analogous oxynitrides, X2NO2 (X = In, Tl). Remarkably, the itinerant character of p electrons can lead to the strong ferromagnetic metallic states. Furthermore, a possible magnetoelectric effect is manifested in a Tl2NO2/WTe2 heterostructure through the interface engineering. Our findings provide an alternative possible route toward 2D multiferroics and enrich the concept of ferroelectric metals.
Best practices for the interpretation and reporting of clinical whole genome sequencing
Authors: Austin-Tse Christina A. , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Perry Denise L. , Bick David , Taft Ryan J. , Venner Eric , Gibbs Richard A. , Young Ted , Barnett Sarah , Belmont John W. , Boczek Nicole , Chowdhury Shimul , Ellsworth Katarzyna A. , Guha Saurav , Kulkarni Shashikant , Marcou Cherisse , Meng Linyan , Murdock David R. , Rehman Atteeq U. , Spiteri Elizabeth , Thomas-Wilson Amanda , Kearney Hutton M. , Rehm Heidi L. ,   Medical Genome Initiative*
Published: April 2022

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) shows promise as a first-tier diagnostic test for patients with rare genetic disorders. However, standards addressing the definition and deployment practice of a best-in-class test are lacking. To address these gaps, the Medical Genome Initiative, a consortium of leading health care and research organizations in the US and Canada, was formed to expand access to high quality clinical WGS by convening experts and publishing best practices. Here, we present best practice recommendations for the interpretation and reporting of clinical diagnostic WGS, including discussion of challenges and emerging approaches that will be critical to harness the full potential of this comprehensive test.
Simultaneous adsorption of As(III) and Cd(II) by ferrihydrite-modified biochar in aqueous solution and their mutual effects
Authors: Tian Xiaosong , Xie Qing , Chai Guanqun , Li Guanghui
Published: April 2022

A simply synthetic ferrihydrite-modified biochar (Fh@BC) was applied to simultaneously remove As(III) and Cd(II) from the aqueous solution, and then to explore the mutual effects between As(III) and Cd(II) and the corresponding mechanisms. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of As(III) and Cd(II) in the single adsorbate solution were 18.38 and 18.18 mg g−1, respectively. It demonstrated that Fh@BC was a potential absorbent material for simultaneous removal of As(III) and Cd(II) in aqueous solution. According to the XRF, SEM–EDS, FTIR, XRD, and XPS analysis, the mechanisms of simultaneous removal of As(III) and Cd(II) by Fh@BC could be attributable to the cation exchange, complexation with R-OH and Fe-OH, and oxidation. Moreover, the mutual effect experiment indicated that Cd(II) and As(III) adsorption on Fh@BC in the binary solution exhibited competition, facilitation and synergy, depending on their ratios and added sequences. The mechanisms of facilitation and synergy between Cd(II) and As(III) might include the electrostatic interaction and the formation of both type A or type B ternary surface complexes on the Fh@BC.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults
Authors: Yazdanpanah Zeinab , Mozaffari‐Khosravi Hassan , Mirzaei Masoud , Sheikhha Mohammad Hasan , Salehi-Abargouei Amin
Published: April 2022

The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is one of the main receptors implicated in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the association between CD36 rs1761667 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (FBG). PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, web of science, and Google Scholar were searched up to December 2021. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Eighteen eligible studies (6317 participants) were included in the study. In the overall analysis, a significant association was found between rs1761667 polymorphism of CD36 and TG in allelic (p < 0.001), recessive (p = 0.001) and homozygous (p = 0.006) models. A relationship between this polymorphism and HDL-C and FBG level was observed in the recessive genetic model. In the subgroup analysis, the A allele was associated with impaired lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C and HDL-C) in the Asian population. The influences of health status, design of the study, confounders, and other sources of heterogeneity should be considered when interpreting present findings. Cohort studies with large sample size and in different ethnicities are needed to confirm the relationship between rs1761667 SNP and cardiometabolic risk factors.
Adolescent’s self-reported weight and its association with media impact on decision to lose weight and body thinness perception
Authors: Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M. , Al-Awadhi Balqees A. , Al-Dashti Yousef A. , Alajmi Fahhad A. , Almansour Fawaz D. , Al-Haifi Ahmed R.
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the accuracy of self-reported weight among Kuwaiti adolescents and the associations of self-reported weight and calculated BMI with the impact of media use on adolescent’s decision to lose weight and body thinness perception. A total of 706 Kuwaiti adolescents (363 females) 15–18 year-olds were randomly selected from schools. Weight and height were self-reported by the adolescents and measured by the researchers. A specifically designed questionnaire reported the impact of media use on adolescent’s decision to lose weight and body thinness perception. There were significant (p < 0.001) relationships between measured and reported weight (r = 0.947), height (r = 0.777), and calculated BMI (r = 0.623). Intraclass correlation coefficients (95% CI) between self-reported and measured weight and height were 0.973 (0.968–0.977) and 0.867 (0.839–0.891), respectively. The mean differences between self-reported and measured weight (1.26 kg) and BMI (0.478 kg/m2) were relatively small. Females under-reported their weight and the calculated BMI from estimated weight and height was underestimated by adolescents with overweight/obesity. The impact of media use on the adolescent’s perception of being thin relative to the accuracy of the calculated BMI was significant (p = 0.043–0.001). The age-adjusted odds ratio of the calculated (underestimated) BMI in adolescents without overweight/obesity was 0.437 (95% CI = 0.257–0.741; p = 0.002). It was concluded that the validity of self-reported weight was high. Adolescents with overweight/obesity were more likely to underestimate their weight and calculated BMI. Educating adolescents about proper lifestyles and weight loss through media appears warranted.
On evaluation metrics for medical applications of artificial intelligence
Authors: Hicks Steven A. , Strümke Inga , Thambawita Vajira , Hammou Malek , Riegler Michael A. , Halvorsen Pål , Parasa Sravanthi
Published: April 2022

Clinicians and software developers need to understand how proposed machine learning (ML) models could improve patient care. No single metric captures all the desirable properties of a model, which is why several metrics are typically reported to summarize a model’s performance. Unfortunately, these measures are not easily understandable by many clinicians. Moreover, comparison of models across studies in an objective manner is challenging, and no tool exists to compare models using the same performance metrics. This paper looks at previous ML studies done in gastroenterology, provides an explanation of what different metrics mean in the context of binary classification in the presented studies, and gives a thorough explanation of how different metrics should be interpreted. We also release an open source web-based tool that may be used to aid in calculating the most relevant metrics presented in this paper so that other researchers and clinicians may easily incorporate them into their research.
RNA-viromics reveals diverse communities of soil RNA viruses with the potential to affect grassland ecosystems across multiple trophic levels
Authors: Hillary Luke S , Adriaenssens Evelien M , Jones David L , McDonald James E
Published: April 2022

The distribution and diversity of RNA viruses in soil ecosystems are largely unknown, despite their significant impact on public health, ecosystem functions, and food security. Here, we characterise soil RNA viral communities along an altitudinal productivity gradient of peat, managed grassland and coastal soils. We identified 3462 viral contigs in RNA viromes from purified virus-like-particles in five soil-types and assessed their spatial distribution, phylogenetic diversity and potential host ranges. Soil types exhibited minimal similarity in viral community composition, but with >10-fold more viral contigs shared between managed grassland soils when compared with peat or coastal soils. Phylogenetic analyses predicted soil RNA viral communities are formed from viruses of bacteria, plants, fungi, vertebrates and invertebrates, with only 12% of viral contigs belonging to the bacteria-infecting Leviviricetes class. 11% of viral contigs were found to be most closely related to members of the Ourmiavirus genus, suggesting that members of this clade of plant viruses may be far more widely distributed and diverse than previously thought. These results contrast with soil DNA viromes which are typically dominated by bacteriophages. RNA viral communities, therefore, have the potential to exert influence on inter-kingdom interactions across terrestrial biomes.
Identifying hydroxylated copper dimers in SSZ-13 via UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Göltl Florian , Bhandari Saurabh , Lebrón-Rodríguez Edgard A. , Gold Jake I. , Zones Stacey I. , Hermans Ive , Dumesic James A. , Mavrikakis Manos
Published: April 2022

Potential active sites for the conversion of methane to methanol in Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 are identified using a combination of experimentally measured UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and theoretical modeling.
A general enlarging shear impulse approach to green printing large-area and efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Li Haojie , Liu Siqi , Wu Xueting , Qi Qingchun , Zhang Haiyang , Meng Xiangchuan , Hu Xiaotian , Ye Long , Chen Yiwang
Published: April 2022

The shear impulse strategy is an effective strategy that optimizes the morphology of the active layer by varying the MGC speed, resulting in a remarkable PCE of 17.15%.
Recent advances in D–A–D based Pdots with NIR-II fluorescence for deep-tissue imaging
Authors: Chowdhury Partha , Chan Yang-Hsiang
Published: April 2022

This mini-review outlines the recent designs of D–A–D based Pdots with NIR-II fluorescence. Several strategies for molecular engineering are summarized to overcome the emission energy gap law. Their applications of bio-imaging are also included.
Experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamic landing of water striders on water
Authors: Zhao Yinggang , Chu Chenlei , Zhang Bin , Lv Cunjing , Feng Xi-Qiao
Published: April 2022

Dynamic landing behaviors of bionic water striders on the water surface are investigated, and the criterion of piercing the water surface is identified.
A weighted block cooperative sparse representation algorithm based on visual saliency dictionary
Authors: Chen Rui , Li Fei , Tong Ying , Wu Minghu , Jiao Yang
Published: April 2022

Unconstrained face images are interfered by many factors such as illumination, posture, expression, occlusion, age, accessories and so on, resulting in the randomness of the noise pollution implied in the original samples. In order to improve the sample quality, a weighted block cooperative sparse representation algorithm is proposed based on visual saliency dictionary. First, the algorithm uses the biological visual attention mechanism to quickly and accurately obtain the face salient target and constructs the visual salient dictionary. Then, a block cooperation framework is presented to perform sparse coding for different local structures of human face, and the weighted regular term is introduced in the sparse representation process to enhance the identification of information hidden in the coding coefficients. Finally, by synthesising the sparse representation results of all visual salient block dictionaries, the global coding residual is obtained and the class label is given. The experimental results on four databases, that is, AR, extended Yale B, LFW and PubFig, indicate that the combination of visual saliency dictionary, block cooperative sparse representation and weighted constraint coding can effectively enhance the accuracy of sparse representation of the samples to be tested and improve the performance of unconstrained face recognition.
A robust sparse representation algorithm based on adaptive joint dictionary
Authors: Tong Ying , Chen Rui , Wu Minghu , Jiao Yang
Published: April 2022

Sparse representation based on dictionary construction and learning methods have aroused interests in the field of face recognition. Aiming at the shortcomings of face feature dictionary not ‘clean’ and noise interference dictionary not ‘representative’ in sparse representation classification model, a new method named as robust sparse representation is proposed based on adaptive joint dictionary (RSR‐AJD). First, a fast low‐rank subspace recovery algorithm based on LogDet function (Fast LRSR‐LogDet) is proposed for accurate low‐rank facial intrinsic dictionary representing the similar structure of human face and low computational complexity. Then, the Iteratively Reweighted Robust Principal Component Analysis (IRRPCA) algorithm is used to get a more precise occlusion dictionary for depicting the possible discontinuous interference information attached to human face such as glasses occlusion or scarf occlusion etc. Finally, the above Fast LRSR‐LogDet algorithm and IRRPCA algorithm are adopted to construct the adaptive joint dictionary, which includes the low‐rank facial intrinsic dictionary, the occlusion dictionary and the remaining intra‐class variant dictionary for robust sparse coding. Experiments conducted on four popular databases (AR, Extended Yale B, LFW, and Pubfig) verify the robustness and effectiveness of the authors’ method.
Sentiment analysis by using Naïve‐Bayes classifier with stacked CARU
Authors: Chan Ka‐Hou , Im Sio‐Kei
Published: April 2022

A long sequence always contains long‐term dependency problems, which leads to paragraph‐based sentiment analysis being a very challenging task and difficult to evaluate by using a simple RNN network. It is proposed in this letter to use a stacked CARU network to extract the main information in a paragraph. The resulting network also points out how to use a CNN‐based extractor to explore complete passages and capture useful features in their hidden state. In particular, instead of using the Softmax function, the Naïve‐Bayes classifier is connected to the end of the CNN‐based extractor. The proposed models also take into account the conditional independence of the observed results under the hidden variables, which aims to project features into a probability distribution appreciated for its simplicity and interpretability. The advantages of these models in sentiment analysis are empirically investigated by combining the usual classifiers with the results of GloVe embedding on the SST‐5 and IMDB datasets.
Five‐way radial filtering power divider using single‐layer substrate integrated waveguides and microstrip resonators
Authors: Chen Shoulei , Qi Shishan , Chen Xing , Sun Guangchao , Wu Wen
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a five‐way radial filtering power divider based on single‐layer substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) and microstrip resonators. The SIW circular cavity and the quarter‐mode SIW are connected in the radial direction, and microstrip resonators are added at the connection to form a hybrid structure, the design of which makes the structure more compact and can provide adjustable band‐pass filter response. A prototype was manufactured. The final measurement results show that the insertion loss is 1–1.5 dB, the 3 dB fractional bandwidth is 6.5%, the out‐of‐band rejection is greater than 32 dB from 10.2 to 19.5 GHz, and the out‐of‐band rejection at frequency below 8.3 GHz is greater than 37 dB. The amplitude difference and phase difference of each output port are 0.5 dB and 0.25°, respectively.
Pricing games of duopoly service-inventory systems with lost sales
Authors: Lee Doo Ho , Lim Dae-Eun
Published: April 2022

This study considers a duopoly market in which two competitors operate their own service-inventory systems. Both competitors determine their prices to maximize their profit while considering the inventory holding cost, ordering cost, and cost incurred by lost sales. Customers are price sensitive, and customer attractiveness is expressed by arrival rates. We use a game theory approach to formulate and analyze three types of pricing games: (i) a parallel pricing game, (ii) a sequential pricing game, and (iii) a unified pricing game. The uniqueness of equilibrium prices is analytically proven, after which, a solution procedure for obtaining equilibrium prices is outlined.
DDG und DAG warnen vor unzureichender psychischer Versorgung von Menschen mit Diabetes und Übergewicht
Authors: Balz Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Wie gut Menschen mit Diabetes oder Adipositas mit ihrer Erkrankung leben können, hängt nicht zuletzt davon ab, wie zuverlässig sie die notwendige Selbstbehandlung – vom Blutzuckermessen über Bewegung bis hin zu einer angepassten Ernährung – meistern. Denn psychische Erkrankungen wie Depressionen und Ess- oder Angststörungen behindern die Selbstmanagementfähigkeiten immens. Dennoch fehlt es derzeit an ausreichend ausgebildeten Psychotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten, ambulanten Beratungsstellen und niederschwelliger Unterstützung.
Management of Pathologic Fractures around the Knee: Part 1—Distal Femur
Authors: Martin John R. , Auran Richard L. , Duran Michael D. , Comas Amalia M. de , Jacofsky David J.
Published: April 2022

Pathologic fractures secondary to metastatic disease are an increasingly prevalent problem. Such patients require multidisciplinary collaboration to optimize clinical outcomes. An established algorithm for clinical, laboratory, and radiographic work-up will ensure that each patient achieves the best outcome while avoiding catastrophic complications. Metastatic disease to the region of the knee is less commonly encountered than in other regions of the body, but it presents unique difficulties that merit discussion. Part one of this two-part article series will discuss the appropriate work-up of patients with suspected or impending pathologic fracture of the distal femur, highlight biopsy principles, address perioperative nonsurgical treatments that will optimize patient outcomes, and discuss available surgical treatment modalities.
Masking of Tinnitus through a Cochlear Implant
Authors: Vernon Jack A.
Published: April 2022

The relief of tinnitus has been effected in a cochlear-implant patient by presenting masking sounds to the microphone of the implant. Oddly enough, the presence of the masking sound improved the clarity of speech and music.
Auditory Neuropathy: Case Study with Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Simmons Jeffrey L. , Beauchaine Kathryn Laudin
Published: April 2022

Auditory neuropathy (AN) has been described in the literature as presenting with a combination of audiometric findings that include elevated behavioral audiometric thresholds, auditory brainstem response findings that are not consistent with audiometric findings, poor speech recognition, and present otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or cochlear microphonics. Since the availability of clinical OAE testing, AN has come to be identified with increasing frequency; however, incidence and prevalence figures are unavailable. There is a great deal of discussion about the accurate diagnosis of AN, its characteristics, and its treatment. Some of this discussion is occurring on the Internet and over the telephones. The need to continue to provide information in accessible peer-reviewed journals is paramount. Following a review of the literature, a case study is presented of a boy who was diagnosed with AN as a newborn. He experienced hyperbilirubinemia and other neonatal health complications. His educational intervention was managed elsewhere until recently. Information is presented about the progression of the case over a 5–year period that includes audiologic data and communication development results.

Abbreviations: AN = auditory neuropathy, CI = cochlear implant, CM = cochlear microphonic, DPOAE = distortion product otoacoustic emissions, DSL = Desired Sensation Level, IHC = inner hair cell, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, OAE = otoacoustic emission, OHC = outer hair cell, SS = standard scores, TC = total communication
kma Entscheider Blog: Wirtschaftlichkeit vs. Facharztstandard – ein Konflikt?
Authors: Koch Daniel
Published: April 2022

Der Leistungskatalog der GKV muss sich bei fortschreitender Digitalisierung dynamischer an das medizinisch Machbare anpassen. Andernfalls sind Konflikte programmiert.
Telematikinfrastruktur 2.0: Umbau im laufenden Betrieb
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2022

Die gematik möchte die Telematikinfrastruktur (TI) modernisieren. Der Zugang zu den Fachdiensten soll erleichtert, fehleranfällige Technik verbannt und der Datenaustausch verbessert werden. Probleme mit den Konnektoren werden das Bauvorhaben jedoch verteuern.
TI-Messenger: Auf dem kurzen Dienstweg
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2022

Noch in diesem Jahr sollen Krankenhäuser einen nach den Vorgaben der gematik entwickelten sicheren Messenger verwenden können. Die zugrunde liegende Technik ist bereits im BwMessenger der Bundeswehr im Einsatz.
Dedalus: „Wir sind ein Unternehmen im Aufbruch“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: April 2022

Vor zwei Jahren übernahm das italienische Unternehmen Dedalus mit Agfa den deutschen Marktführer im KIS-Bereich. Im Gespräch mit kma erzählt Dedalus-Geschäftsführer Winfried Post, warum Umsatz und Ergebnis stark steigen, jetzt massiv in neue Technologien investiert wird – und wie das ganze Unternehmen von der neuen Dynamik profitiert.
Robotik und KI in der Pflege: Schwester Misa – oder wie Assistenzroboter Einzug in die Pflege halten
Authors: Hesser Alexandra
Published: April 2022

Die Anzahl pflege- und hilfsbedürftiger Menschen – darunter viele demenziell Erkrankte – steigt und stellt uns vor eine versorgungspolitische Herausforderung. Wie ist eine gute Pflege für immer mehr multimorbide, alte Menschen mit immer weniger Pflegefachkräften weiterhin möglich? Können Pflegeroboter oder andere Assistenzsysteme die Pflege eventuell entlasten und wie steht es um die Entwicklung sozial kompetenter Roboter?
Saarland-Heilstätten GMBH: Temporär dicht
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: April 2022

Weil sie das Pflegepersonal in Idar-Oberstein braucht, hat die Saarland-Heilstätten GmbH ihre geriatrische Fachklinik Baumholder geschlossen. Im Januar 2023 soll sie wieder öffnen. Eine Geschichte über Akutversorgung in Zeiten von Corona, Arbeitsplatzsorgen, politischen Unmut – und Pläne für die Zukunft.
Interview: „Alle mit ins Boot holen“
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: April 2022

Transplantationsbeauftragte nehmen in Entnahmekrankenhäusern eine wichtige Rolle ein. Warum das so ist, welche Aufgaben sie erfüllen und wieso manchem gelegentlich auch das Herz blutet, darüber haben wir mit Dr. med. Kati Jordan gesprochen. Sie ist Transplantationsbeauftragte am Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum in Berlin.
DGIV Nachrichten: Junge Fachkräfte wollen integriert leben und arbeiten
Authors: Neumeyer Henriette
Published: April 2022

Derzeit vergeht kein Tag ohne Berichterstattung zum Thema Fachkräftemangel im Gesundheitswesenund dem Druck, der auf den verbleibenden Pflegefachkräften sowie deren Unterstützern lastet. Die Corona-Pandemie gibt uns also einen bitteren Vorgeschmack darauf, was in den kommenden zwei Jahrzehnten auf uns zukommen könnte, wenn mit der „Ressource“ Personal nicht nachhaltig umgegangen wird.
Ultrafast dynamic RF-spectrum investigation of soliton microcombs
Authors: Hu Hao , Wang Ruolan , Wang Weiqiang , Chen Liao , Zhao Yanjing , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Chi , Zhang Wenfu , Zhang Xinliang
Published: April 2022

Dissipative Kerr solitons in microcavity systems exhibit remarkable nonlinear dynamics. The real-time measurement of soliton motion facilitates the comprehensive understanding of soliton physics. In this Letter, an all-optical radio frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer (named f-LISA) is used to characterize various stable soliton states and to track relative soliton motion in real time. By applying an inverse Fourier transform to the broadband RF spectrum, the autocorrelation traces are obtained with a temporal resolution of 373 fs and an ultrahigh frame rate of 20.6 MHz. We successfully characterize not only the stable single soliton state but also the stable multi-soliton states with different azimuthal angles between adjacent solitons. Furthermore, the dynamics of soliton switching from four-soliton state to single soliton state is observed in a temporal window of 60 µs. It is believed that the proposed scheme provides an alternative way to visualize the multi-soliton trajectories and enable the study of the soliton dynamics in integrated microcavities.
rDNA array length is a major determinant of replicative lifespan in budding yeast
Authors: Hotz Manuel , Thayer Nathaniel H. , Hendrickson David G. , Schinski Elizabeth L. , Xu Jun , Gottschling Daniel E.
Published: April 2022

Significance

Genes encoding ribosomal RNA (rDNA) are organized into a repetitive array in eukaryotic genomes. The copy number of these genes often varies and is responsive to genetics and environment. Here, we show that variation in copy number at the rDNA locus is capable of altering replicative lifespan in yeast. These results indicate that considering rDNA copy number, and conditions that could potentially change this dynamic chromosome locus, is critical for evaluating lifespan. We propose that this rDNA locus represents the kind of repeated element in eukaryotic genomes that escapes easy detection, yet has phenotypic consequences, in this case lifespan.
Understanding the mediation of dialectal value
Authors: Jiang Jing , Wang Kefei
Published: April 2022

Dialect, when viewed in contrast with standard language, creates a variety of geographical or social implications. This variety may be hybridized with other social voices to convey the theme of the text. Previous studies have elaborated much on the representation of the socio-cultural connotations in dialectal speech. However, the value of dialect may not be confined only to its socio-cultural connotations. Drawing on insights from sociolinguistics and systemic functional linguistics, this study aims to uncover the representation of the English dialect ofPygmalionin its Chinese translations and the possible reasons why it is represented as such in the Chinese context. By quantifying the shifts in Eliza Doolittle’s dialect voice, the analysis shows that a local variety or varieties of colloquial register were adopted to recreate the dialectal variety in Chinese translations ofPygmalion. The local variety provides a better interpretation of the functions and stylistic significance of the source dialect. The recreation of the source dialect in the translated texts ofPygmalionresults from the mediation of the translator’s positioning and what has been established by the receptor system’s literary conventions, social hierarchy, language ideologies, and the roles of literary translation.
World’s First Destination Loyalty Programme – Will It Work?
Authors: Nautiyal Rajesh , Shaheer Ismail
Published: April 2022

The Maldives launched the first nationwide destination loyalty programme in 2020 named ‘Maldives Border Miles’, officially implemented on 1st January 2021. This case study proposes a framework that can be useful to assess destination loyalty programmes. It further explores the potential success factors of the Maldives Border Miles. The analysis indicates that visitor and destination factors can make Maldives Border Miles successful, but the current loyalty programme structure and reward factors may not entice repeat visits.

Information

© Rajesh Nautiyal and Dr Ismail Shaheer 2022
Multicomponent scalar dark matter at high-intensity proton beam experiments
Authors: Betancur Amalia , Castillo Andrés , Palacio Guillermo , Suarez Juan
Published: April 2022

We study a scalar dark matter (DM) model with two DM species coupled to the standard model (SM) particles via a sub-GeV dark photon. In this model, we find that DM conversion occurs through the dark photon and it plays a fundamental role in setting the observed relic abundance. Furthermore, the two DM candidates can be produced at fixed-target experiments a la beam-dump. Detailed predictions for signal and backgrounds are obtained with the help of MadDump and NuWro Monte Carlo generators. We explore the potential reach on the sensitivity of DUNE near detector and SHiP experiment, and we find that portions of the parameter space will be within reach of the two experiments.