bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highlights From the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society 2018
Authors: Jobst Barbara C. , Ben-Menachem Elinor , Chapman Kevin E. , Fu Aradia , Goldman Alica , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Jehi Lara E. , Kossoff Eric H. , Plueger Madona , Rho Jong M. , Schevon Catherine A. , Shinnar Shlomo , Sperling Michael R. , Simeone Timothy A. , Wagner Janelle L. , Lado Fred
Published: May 2019

The American Epilepsy Society Meeting in New Orleans attracted more than 5900 attendees. There was a lively exchange of new science, innovation, education, clinical practice, and many other items related to epilepsy. Educational symposia were a major part of the meeting and explored varying topics of interest for all types of epilepsy professionals. This article reviews highlights of the meeting presented in major symposia. Topics ranged from how to treat varying aspects of epilepsy as a consultant in the hospital to finding the scientific underpinning of the interaction between sleep and epilepsy. Pros and cons of novel antiseizure medications, dietary, and stimulation treatments were discussed. Epilepsy may impair memory and we need to learn what is the pathophysiologic relationship. Febrile status epilepticus may have severe consequences for a later life with seizures. Epilepsy professionals should be very well aware of the ethical implications of devasting seizures and their associated disability. These are just a few select topics of the many that we need to study further to archive the final goal to improve the lives of patients with epilepsy.
Is Targeting of Compensatory Ion Channel Gene Expression a Viable Therapeutic Strategy for Dravet Syndrome?
Authors: Isom Lori L.
Published: May 2019

[Box: see text]
Adaptations in General Education Classrooms for Students With Severe Disabilities: Access, Progress Assessment, and Sustained Use
Authors: Finnerty Megan S. , Jackson Lewis B. , Ostergren Renee
Published: May 2019

This study examined material adaptations being used with students who have severe disabilities in general education elementary classrooms during language arts, social studies, and science instruction. Data sources included classroom observations, interviews, and artifacts shared by three general and special educator teams. Findings revealed themes that describe how adaptations (a) facilitate access to grade-level content (tangible, student-centered, and blended with classroom materials and instruction) and (b) enable educators to assess progress in student learning (show what students know, blended with peer learning, and ownership of learning). Findings also revealed a set of themes (team collaboration, resources available, rhythm and routine, and build momentum) that help account for the sustained use of adaptations by educator teams across curricula and school days. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Susceptibility Assessment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains to Lepidium sativum Extract
Authors: Saddiq Amna A. , Mohamed Azza M.
Published: May 2019

Many plant-derived compounds have been used to treat microbial infections. Staphylococcus aureus a common cause of many organ infections, has generated increasing concern due to its resistance to antibacterial drugs. This work was carried out to explore the susceptibility of 6 strains (LN872136, LN872137, LN871238, LN871239, LN872140, and LN871241) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds in vitro. Various concentrations (5-20 mg/mL) were used to evaluate the effect of the extract on bacteria growth via the assessment of the microbial biomass and the inhibition zone (IZ). The results showed that the plant extract at 15 or 20 mg/mL, significantly decreased the the biomass of S aureus strains after 24 or 48 hours exposure period. Staphylococcus aureus (LN871241) showed the largest IZ at 20 mg/mL and documented by scanning electron microscope. The current work may suggest that L sativum seed extract can be candidate as a promising antimicrobial agent to treat infection with methicillin-resistant S aureus.
Effects of using activity diary for goal setting in occupational therapy on reducing pain and improving psychological and physical performance in patients after total knee arthroplasty: A non-randomised controlled study
Authors: Hiraga Yuki , Hisano Shinya , Nomiyama Katsuhiro , Hirakawa Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2019

Background

Psychological factors have been reported to affect chronic pain and may lead to inactivity after total knee arthroplasty. This study aimed to determine whether the use of an activity diary for goal setting during occupational therapy would reduce pain, and improve psychological and physical performance in patients after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

A total of 41 total knee arthroplasty participants from two cohorts were recruited in the study and allocated by convenience to either the experimental group using an activity diary (n = 20) or the control group (n = 21). Occupational therapy intervention (1–2 weeks postoperatively) to promote goal achievement was performed in both groups, and self-monitoring was performed in the diary group by using the activity diary. The outcome indices were Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, pain (resting pain, walking pain), pain catastrophizing (rumination, helplessness, and magnification), anxiety, depression, pain self-efficacy, and physical activity level. Data were evaluated by using analysis of variance analyses with post hoc tests.

Results

A time-by-group interaction emerged for Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, walking pain, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, and physical activity level (p < 0.05), both favouring the diary group. The diary group also showed greater improvement in Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, walking pain, anxiety, and physical activity levels at four weeks postoperatively, compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of the activity diary in this study increased occupational therapy effectiveness, reduced patients’ pain, and prevented a decline in physical performance. We believe that the use of an activity diary is an effective and feasible addition for total knee arthroplasty patients.
The improvement on vibration isolation performance of hydraulic excavators based on the optimization of powertrain mounting system
Authors: Jiang Mian , Liao Shoushi , Guo Yong , Wu Jigang
Published: May 2019

In this article, the improvements on vibration isolation performance of hydraulic excavators are achieved via the optimization of powertrain mounting system. The powertrain is viewed as a rigid body and described by a 6-degree-of-freedom model. The rigid-flexible coupling model of hydraulic excavators is carried out based on software ADAMS, in which the influences from the mass and elastic deformation of base are considered. In the process of optimization for the powertrain mounting system, energy decoupling rate and vibration transmissibility are set to be the objective functions, while the stiffness coefficients in three directions of the mounting coordinate systems are chosen as the designed variables. With the given constrained conditions of these variables, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II is employed to optimize the stiffness coefficients of suspension elements. The simulations for the rigid-flexible coupling model with the optimized mounting system show that the vibration isolation performances of hydraulic excavators are improved comparing with that with non-optimized powertrain mounting system.
Performance and mapping of direct injection diesel engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel fuel
Authors: Yamin Jehad , Abu Mushref Ahmad Jehad
Published: May 2019

Engine performance and mapping were done using diesel and used cooking oil biodiesel fuels. This was done using the Tempest, 1500 cc compression ignition engine testbed. This engine is connected to a dynamometer testbed and its control panel to measure the needed performance parameters. The crankshaft speed varied between 35 and 60 rps, while the load tested from no load to full load. The engine speed according to the manufacturer should not exceed 60 rps. The coolant temperature remained almost constant at around 70oC. The experimental results were then utilized to adjust the engine simulation model using the Diesel-RK software. Results showed that improvement in engine operation with diesel is slightly compared with that of biodiesel fuel. It was also found that the combustion process with biodiesel starts earlier during the mixing phase than diesel fuel. The primary results showed that using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst, the biodiesel yielded 45% more compared with sodium hydroxide, 5% higher calorific value, and 10% lower viscosity. From mapping point of view, the results showed that biofuel has a lower thermal efficiency than the regular diesel. A diesel-powered engine has the lowest fuel consumption of around 250–300 g/kWh at the relatively higher power and mean effective pressure values. While for the biodiesel fuels this is around 350 g/kWh at relatively lower engine speeds, power, and mean effective cylinder pressure. From heat release rate point of view, biodiesel burns earlier than diesel fuel due to higher cetane number and reduced delay periods, on cylinder pressure and temperatures, for the ignition timing and engine-operating parameters, diesel shows better performance than biodiesel for high and half loads.
Burnout symptoms and recovery processes in eight elite soccer coaches over 10 years
Authors: Hassmén Peter , Kenttä Göran , Hjälm Sören , Lundkvist Erik , Gustafsson Henrik
Published: May 2019

Elite sport can be stressful, which increases the risk for burnout symptoms to develop, especially when not balanced with sufficient recovery. To study the burnout–recovery process, eight elite soccer coaches were followed for 10 years. All eight were active elite coaches at the inception of this study and reported elevated emotional exhaustion scores on Maslach’s Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The coaches completed MBI-ES three additional times (year 3, 7, and 10), and they were also interviewed on the same occasions. At the 3-year follow-up, seven of the eight coaches reduced their exhaustion scores. The coach presenting with unchanged scores both at the 3 - and 7-year follow-up was the only one still coaching at the elite level. All coaches revealed during the interviews that they struggled to manage their work–life balance well; some worked too many hours, some experienced difficulty in managing conflicting role-demands, and some wrestled with external pressures. Their approach to recovery was, however, similar. Apart from moving away from coaching at the elite level, they unanimously mentioned that they changed their approach to coaching to make recovery possible. They achieved the latter by, for example, increasing control and delegating responsibility. According to our longitudinal results, burnout frequently regarded as an end-state can decrease over time, provided that decisive action is taken to change situational factors and personal demands. This frequently meant withdrawing from coaching, which in turn explains why coach retention remains a serious challenge for most organizations with teams/athletes competing at the elite level.
A neuro-particle swarm optimization logistic model fitting algorithm for software reliability analysis
Authors: Rani Pooja , Mahapatra GS
Published: May 2019

This article develops a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on a feed-forward neural network architecture to fit software reliability growth models. We employ adaptive inertia weight within the proposed particle swarm optimization in consideration of learning algorithm. The dynamic adaptive nature of proposed prior best particle swarm optimization prevents the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima. These neuro-prior best particle swarm optimization algorithms were applied to a popular flexible logistic growth curve as the [Formula: see text] model based on the weights derived by the artificial neural network learning algorithm. We propose the prior best particle swarm optimization algorithm to train the network for application to three different software failure data sets. The new search strategy improves the rate of convergence because it retains information on the prior particle, thereby enabling better predictions. The results are verified through testing approaching of constant, modified, and linear inertia weight. We assess the fitness of each particle according to the normalized root mean squared error which updates the best particle and velocity to accelerate convergence to an optimal solution. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed [Formula: see text] model based prior best Particle Swarm Optimization based on Neural Network (pPSONN) improves predictive quality over the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and existing model.
Victim representation for sexual history evidence in Ireland: A step towards or away from meeting victims’ procedural justice needs?
Authors: Iliadis Mary
Published: May 2019

Sexual assault cases have historically resulted in persistent victim dissatisfaction with, and alienation from, the prosecution process. As a result, some adversarial jurisdictions have moved contentiously towards integrating victim participation rights within the legal process to address sexual assault victims’ procedural and substantive justice concerns. The introduction of section 34 of the Sex Offenders Act 2001 (IRE), which allows a victim to access state-funded legal representation to oppose a defendant’s application for the introduction of the victim’s sexual history evidence in court, is one such example. Drawing from five interviews conducted with high-level criminal justice professionals, legal stakeholders and victim support workers, and an analysis of primary source documents, including legislation and reports, this article argues that, although section 34 represents a unique response to the problems raised by the use of a victim’s sexual history evidence in criminal trials, its shortcomings may hinder its capacity to improve sexual assault victims’ procedural justice experiences in ways unanticipated from its introduction.
The outcome of bone graft surgery for nonunion of fractures of the scaphoid
Authors: Ammori Mohannad B. , Elvey Michael , Mahmoud Samer S. , Nicholls Alex J. , Robinson Simon , Rowan Clare , Spence Stephanie , Wade Ryckie G. , Karantana Alexia ,   the British Society for Surgery of the Hand Scaphoid Nonunion Group, Davis Tim R. C.
Published: May 2019

Data on 806 patients undergoing bone graft surgery for a scaphoid fracture nonunion were retrospectively collected at 19 centres in the United Kingdom. Each centre contributed at least 30 cases. Sufficient data were available in 462 cases to study factors that influenced the outcome of surgery. Overall union occurred in at least 69%, and nonunion in at least 22%, with 9% of cases having ‘uncertain union status’. Union appeared to be adversely influenced by smoking and the time between acute scaphoid fracture and nonunion surgery, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.8 and 2.4, respectively, but neither achieved the pre-determined significance level of 0.003. The type of bone graft (vascular vs non-vascular; iliac crest vs distal radius) did not appear to influence outcome. Further large multicentre prospective studies with clear definitions of ‘union’ and other factors are needed to clarify whether modification of surgical technique can influence union.

Level of evidence: IV
The contribution of IL-17 to the development of autoimmunity in psoriasis
Authors: Furue Masutaka , Kadono Takafumi
Published: May 2019

Psoriasis is an (auto)immune-mediated disease that manifests as widespread desquamative erythema. The TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17A axis is crucial to its pathogenesis, which is demonstrated by its excellent therapeutic response to biologics that target this axis. There is a strong association between HLA-C*0602 and psoriasis, and researchers have identified autoantigens that are restricted to this major histocompatibility class I molecule. These auto-Ags include LL-37, A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing thrombospondin type 1 motif-like 5 (ADAMTSL5), and keratin 17. IL-17A-producing T cells have been identified in T cell populations that are reactive to these auto-Ags. In addition, lipid Ags have surfaced as candidate auto-Ags that activate IL-17A-producing T cells in a CD1a-restricted manner. In this article, we review the candidate auto-Ags that may contribute to the activation of the IL-17A-deviated immune response in psoriasis.
Patients’ perception of quality of life after traumatic brachial plexus injury – a qualitative study
Authors: Verma Chhaya V , Yardi Sujata , Puri Vinita , Vora Tanvee
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Advancements in reconstructive surgery for traumatic brachial plexus injury explain the need for better rehabilitation programmes. Therefore, an understanding of an individual patient’s perception through their journey of treatment for a traumatic brachial plexus injury is needed.

Methods

Thirteen patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected in the form of in-depth face-to-face interviews in a clinic setting of a tertiary government hospital using an explorative qualitative method. An interview guide comprising open-ended, nondirective semi structured questions was used and data were analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.

Results

Eleven subthemes under the overarching theme of patient perception were identified. These subthemes illustrate perception of each individual participants’ journey of treatment for traumatic brachial plexus injury.

Conclusion

Our study following a qualitative approach throws light on the impact of injury and an adult individual’s perception and may thereby help to develop a more comprehensive and holistic approach towards patient care.
Essential Oil From Psidium guajava Leaves: An Excellent Source of β-Caryophyllene
Authors: Arain Anam , Hussain Sherazi Syed Tufail , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Sirajuddin
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Psidium guajava leaves and to explore the medicinal value of β-caryophyllene in pharmaceutical science. The essential oils of P. guajava leaves were extracted by the hydrodistillation method, using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of essential oils was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yield of extracted essential oils was 0.6% (w/w) dry weight. The main compounds found in the leaves were β-caryophyllene (20.34%), globulol (8.20%), trans-nerolidol (7.72%), aromadendrene (4.34%), cis-α-bisabolene (3.82%), tetracosane (3.68%), octadecane (3.66%), Z, Z, Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene (3.44%), β-bisabolene (3.41%), limonene (3.09%), octacosane (2.88%), δ-cadinene (2.52%), and 1,4-cadadiene (2.04%). The main chemical class of the essential oil was terpenoids, which represent 71.65%, followed by hydrocarbons (26.31%). A total of 50 components were identified, among these β-caryophyllene was found to be dominant, which has great medicinal value, and some other compounds were also identified for the first time in the essential oil of P. guajava leaves.
Constituents, Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Jatropha dioica var. dioica
Authors: Gutiérrez-Tlahque Jorge , Aguirre-Mancilla César L. , López-Palestina César , Sánchez-Fernández Rosa E. , Hernández-Fuentes Alma D. , Martín Torres-Valencia J.
Published: May 2019

The antioxidant and antifungal activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of stems and roots of Jatropha dioica var. dioica, a plant species from the semi-arid regions of Hidalgo, Mexico, were evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free-radical scavenging capacity assays and by growth inhibition of the phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria alternata, Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. The extracts exhibited a significant capacity to capture free radicals and a moderate capacity to inhibit fungal growth. A phytochemical study of these extracts led to the isolation of alkyl esters of acetic and ferulic acid, as well as the known diterpenes citlalitrione, jatrophatrione, jatropholone A, and jatropholone B, which were physically and spectroscopically characterized. These metabolites could be responsible for the observed antioxidant and fungicide activities of the extracts.
Monitoring employees’ e-mail correspondence and Internet use – A Finnish perspective – PART I
Authors: Eklund Mia Catharina
Published: May 2019

This article examines the prerequisites under which a private sector employer is and should be able to monitor its employees’ use of e-mail and Internet. For purposes of this examination, the article analyses the meaning of the Trade Secrets Directive’s provision requiring the trade secret holder to take reasonable steps to protect its trade secrets, in order to ascertain whether the provision requires the employer to monitor its employees’ e-mail correspondence and Internet use to gain the protection under the Trade Secrets Directive and the relevant Finnish legislation implementing the Trade Secrets Directive. The article also examines the relevant ECtHR case law, and especially the Bărbulescu case, as well as the Article 29 Working Party’s principles applicable to the monitoring of employees’ e-mail correspondence and Internet use. To provide a national context, the article examines the prerequisites under which a Finnish private sector employer may monitor its employees’ use of e-mail and Internet, or more specifically the prerequisites under which the employer may process traffic data, as well as the prerequisites under which an employer may open and retrieve its employees’ e-mails. The Finnish legislation applicable to e-mail and Internet monitoring is particularly interesting as it is significantly more restrictive for employers than the criteria set by the ECtHR and the Article 29 Working Party. Examining Finnish legislation in this context is also interesting, because there has been extensive public debate on whether having legislation in place that enables the employer under certain circumstances to monitor its employees’ e-mail correspondence is at all necessary and justified. Such views have first and foremost been supported by the argument that monitoring employees’ e-mails constitutes an intrusion into the employee’s right to privacy and secrecy of correspondence. Also, Finland is so far the only EU Member State that has enacted a specific act regulating the processing of employee data. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the prerequisites under which monitoring of employees’ e-mail correspondence and Internet use is permitted based on ECtHR case law (as well as the relevant guidelines issued by the Article 29 Working Party) and applicable Finnish legislation, and to reflect on the extent to which an employer should have the right to monitor its employees’ e-mail correspondence and Internet use, to ensure inter alia compliance and adequate protection of trade secrets. The purpose of this article is also to provide understanding on the applicable Finnish legal framework as an example of a European national approach highlighting the divergence between the level of protection afforded in different EU Member States and to reflect on why the subject matter is so sensitive.
Nurse professional competence (NPC) assessed among newly graduated nurses in higher educational institutions in Europe
Authors: Nilsson Jan , Mischo-Kelling Maria , Thiekoetter Andrea , Deufert Daniela , Mendes Aida Cruz , Fernandes Ananda , Kirchhoff Jörg W , Lepp Margret
Published: May 2019

Nursing education will play an important role in further advancing healthcare transformation in the future. The aim of this study was to assess and compare nursing education and self-reported professional competence among nursing students graduating with a bachelor's degree from higher education institutions in Europe. Data were collected using the Nurse Professional Competence Scale including 88 items and eight competence areas. In total, 752 nursing students at 11 higher education institutions in Europe participated in the study, with a response rate of 88.7%. The highest measured mean scores were found in the competence areas ‘Value-based nursing care’ and ‘Medical technical care’ and the lowest were found in ‘Legislation in nursing and safety planning’ and ‘Education and supervision of staff and students’. Nursing students in central Europe scored significantly higher on seven out of the eight competence areas than nursing students in northern and southern Europe. In order to standardize and further develop nursing education in Europe, the assessment of nursing-related competences is of crucial importance.
Mechanical Stability of the Prodisc-C Vivo Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A Preliminary, Observational Study Using Radiostereometric Analysis
Authors: van Hooff Miranda L. , Heesterbeek Petra J. C. , Spruit Maarten
Published: May 2019

Study Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Objective:

To investigate the primary stability of the Prodisc-C Vivo cervical disc arthroplasty with regard to the adjacent cervical vertebrae using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), and to monitor its clinical performance.

Methods:

Sixteen patients with degenerative cervical disc disease were included. RSA radiographs were obtained at the first postoperative day, at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Migration (translation [mm]) of the superior and inferior implant components were measured with model-based RSA, expressed along the 3 orthogonal axes, and calculated as total translation. Clinical outcomes were Neck Disability Index, numeric rating scales for neck and arm pain, Likert-type scales for satisfaction, and adverse events. Range of motion was reported as C2-C7 flexion-extension mobility (ROM).

Results:

At final follow-up, no significant increase over time in median total translation was found. One inferior and 3 superior components subsided but were asymptomatic. ROM remained stable and clinical outcomes improved over time. Although 3 patients were unsatisfied and 3 adverse events occurred, this was not related to translation of the components.

Conclusions:

On a group level, both components of the Prodisc-C Vivo cervical disc arthroplasty remained stable over time and below the clinical threshold of 1 mm. Individual outliers for translation were not clinically relevant and probably related to settling of the components into the vertebral endplates. RSA allowed us to perform a preliminary but accurate study on the micromotion of a new cervical disc replacement in a small sample size, without putting large numbers of patients at risk.
Book review: John Braithwaite and Bina D’Costa. Cascades of Violence: War, Crime and Peacebuilding across South Asia
Authors: Singh Shailza
Published: May 2019

John Braithwaite and Bina D’Costa. Cascades of Violence: War, Crime and Peacebuilding across South Asia. Acton: ANU Press. 2018. 683 pages.
Book review: Zoya Hasan, Agitation to Legislation: Negotiating Equity and Justice in India
Authors: Choubey Kamal Nayan
Published: May 2019

Zoya Hasan, Agitation to Legislation: Negotiating Equity and Justice in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2018. 178 pages. ₹675.
The Relation Between Students’ Intrinsic Reading Motivation and Book Reading in Recreational and School Contexts
Authors: Locher Franziska Maria , Becker Sarah , Pfost Maximilian
Published: May 2019

In comparison with younger children, older students tend to be less motivated to read. A literature class that fails to motivate students is one aspect that has often been discussed in this regard. Using data from 405 German ninth graders, we examined how students’ book reading is related to intrinsic situational and intrinsic habitual reading motivation in and out of school. The books that students reported to have read were characterized by LIX readability and text type. Our results first showed that recreational reading motivation exceeded school reading motivation. Second, the reading of classic literature was a negative predictor of intrinsic situational reading motivation. Third, in the school context, students who read more difficult books were less motivated to read them. Fourth, analyses showed that individual book-reading experiences were linked to intrinsic habitual reading motivation. We discuss practical implications for book reading in and out of the literature class.
Satisfaction With Services Among Attendees of Physiotherapy Outpatient Clinics in Tertiary Hospitals in Lagos State
Authors: Odumodu Ijeoma Jane , Olufunlayo Tolulope Florence , Ogunnowo Babatunde Enitan , Kalu Michael Ebe
Published: May 2019

Aim:

To determine outpatients’ satisfaction with physiotherapy services in tertiary hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Method:

This cross-sectional study utilized a simple random sampling method to recruit 284 participants. Participants responded to a 2-part structured questionnaire with 33-items on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Participants were asked questions about their satisfaction with physiotherapy services, staff attitudes, and the accessibility of outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and χ2.

Results:

About 28.8% of the participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the location of the outpatient physiotherapy clinics. The majority of the participants were satisfied or very satisfied with these physiotherapy services in maintaining privacy (86.2%), scheduling convenient clinic appointments (78.2%), prompt scheduling of the first physiotherapy clinic appointment (74.6%) and subsequent visits (78.9%), and providing a calm/relaxing atmosphere (90.1%). While 22.5% of the participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the waiting time in these physiotherapy clinics, 86.3% and 97.9% were satisfied or very satisfied with staff attitudes and the cost of the therapy, respectively. Almost all (97.9%) the participants reported being satisfied or very satisfied with their overall experience in the physiotherapy clinics. While there was an association between marital and educational status with overall satisfaction scores, age and gender showed no association.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that patients attending the outpatient physiotherapy clinics in tertiary hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria, were satisfied or very satisfied with the domain that measured overall satisfaction. Strategies to reduce the waiting time in these physiotherapy clinics and to enhance physical accessibility of the physiotherapy clinics are encouraged.
A Theology of Dao
Authors: Kim James Jinhong
Published: May 2019

This article reviews Heup Young Kim’s A Theology of Dao, which presents an articulate argument for the synthesis of Daoist and Christian theologies. It also provides a helpful overview of systematic theology that has come out of East Asia in recent decades. As with other works of its kind, one wishes there were (1) more accounting for the decline of Asian values from within, instead of simply assuming their destruction by encounter with Christianity/the West and (2) more grounding of the new theo-Dao with reference to its history within Asian Christianity, which could show its applicability for global Christianity generally.
The Missional Singing of the Psalms in Islamic Contexts
Authors: Sarwar Eric
Published: May 2019

For fourteen centuries scriptural engagement between Islam and Christianity has focused on the Torah and the Injil (the NT). Common to both traditions, however, is the Zabur, or Psalms. This common text, which has largely been overlooked in Christian-Muslim relations, has recently begun to move interactions from polemic to peaceful. This article explores three similarities between the Psalms and the Qur’an: revelation (prophetic and poetic origin), recitation (oral practice and transmission), and ritual (liturgical and canonical prayers). As Muslims and Christians reimagine scriptural engagement on the common ground of the Psalms, peacebuilding can significantly advance in the twenty-first century.
Potential role of exercise echocardiography and right heart catheterization in the detection of early pulmonary vascular disease in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kovacs Gabor , Olschewski Horst
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary vascular disease represents one of the most frequent complications in systemic sclerosis leading to increased mortality. The recognition and appropriate clinical management of early pulmonary vascular disease could significantly improve the prognosis of affected patients. Early pulmonary vascular disease is characterized by the histological signs of pulmonary vascular remodeling, mildly increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure (21–24 mmHg) at rest, abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics during exercise, decreased exercise capacity, and a high risk for development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary hemodynamics can be investigated during exercise by echocardiography or by right heart catheterization both representing important clinical tools for the screening and confirmation of early pulmonary vascular disease. Further studies are needed to better understand the clinical course of systemic sclerosis patients with early pulmonary vascular disease and to define the characteristics of patients that will or will not profit from pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment.
Impact of combining indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets on Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kenea Oljira , Balkew Meshesha , Tekie Habte , Deressa Wakgari , Loha Eskindir , Lindtjørn Bernt , Overgaard Hans J.
Published: May 2019

Background

Indoor residual house spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the key front-line malaria vector interventions against Anopheles arabiensis, the sole primary malaria vector in Ethiopia. Universal coverage of both interventions has been promoted and there is a growing demand in combinations of interventions for malaria control and elimination. This study compared the impact on entomological outcomes of combining IRS and LLINs with either intervention alone in Adami Tullu district, south-central Ethiopia. The epidemiological outcomes were recently published on a separate paper.

Methods

This factorial, cluster-randomized, controlled trial randomized villages to four study arms: IRS + LLIN, IRS, LLIN, and control. LLINs (PermaNet 2.0) were provided free of charge. IRS with propoxur was applied before the main malaria transmission season in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Adult mosquitoes were collected in randomly selected villages in each arm using CDC light trap catch (LTC) set close to a sleeping person, pyrethrum spray catch (PSC), and artificial pit shelter (PIT), for measuring mosquito host-seeking density (HSD), indoor resting density (IRD), and outdoor resting density (ORD), respectively. Human landing catch (HLC) was performed in a sub-set of villages to monitor An. arabiensis human biting rates (HBR). Mean vector densities and HBR were compared among study arms using incidence rate ratio (IRR) calculated by negative binomial regression.

Results

There were no significant differences in mean densities (HSD, IRD, ORD) and HBR of An. arabiensis between the IRS + LLIN arm and the IRS arm (p > 0.05). However, mean HSD, IRD, ORD, and HBR were significantly lower in the IRS + LLIN arm than in the LLIN alone arm (p < 0.05). All An. arabiensis tested for malaria infection were negative for Plasmodium species. For this reason, the entomological inoculation rate could not be determined.

Conclusions

The IRS + LLIN were as effective as IRS alone in reducing densities and HBR of An. arabiensis. However, the effectiveness of the two interventions combined was higher than LLINs alone in reducing densities and HBR of the vector. Added impact of the combination intervention against malaria infectivity rates of An. arabiensis compared to either intervention alone remains unknown and warrants further research.

Trial registration PACTR201411000882128. Registered 8 September 2014, https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-016-1154-2
Tree regeneration following wildfires in the western US: a review
Authors: Stevens-Rumann Camille S. , Morgan Penelope
Published: May 2019

Background

Wildfires, like many disturbances, can be catalysts for ecosystem change. Given projected climate change, tree regeneration declines and ecosystem shifts following severe wildfires are predicted. We reviewed scientific literature on post-fire tree regeneration to understand where and why no or few trees established. We wished to distinguish sites that won’t regenerate to trees because of changing climate from sites where trees could grow post fire if they had a seed source or were planted, thus supporting forest ecosystem services for society and nature, such as timber supply, habitat, watershed protection, and carbon storage.

Results

Our literature review showed that little to no post-fire tree regeneration was more common in low-elevation, dry forest types than in high-elevation forest types. However, depending on the region and species, low tree regeneration was also observed in high elevation, moist forests. Regeneration densities varied by species and seedling densities were attributed to distances to a seed source, water stress or precipitation, elevation, slope, aspect, and plant competition. Our findings provide land managers with two primary considerations to offset low tree regeneration densities. First, we supply a decision support tool of where to plant tree seedling in large high severity burned patches. Second, we recommend possibilities for mitigating and limiting large high severity burned patches to increase survival of trees to be sources of seed for natural regeneration.

Conclusions

Few or no tree seedlings are establishing on some areas of the 150+ forest fires sampled across western US, suggesting that forests may be replaced by shrublands and grasslands, especially where few seed source trees survived the wildfires. Key information gaps on how species will respond to continued climate change, repeated disturbances, and other site factors following wildfires currently limit our ability to determine future trends in forest regeneration. We provide a decision tree to assist managers in prioritizing post-fire reforestation. We emphasize prioritizing the interior of large burned patches and considering current and future climate in deciding what, when, and where to plant trees. Finally, managing fires and forests for more seed-source tree survival will reduce large, non-forested areas following wildfires where post-fire management may be necessary.
The therapeutic needs of psychiatric in-patients with psychosis: A qualitative exploration of patient and staff perspectives
Authors: Wood Lisa , Williams Claire , Billings Jo , Johnson Sonia
Published: May 2019

Background

Concerns are recurrently expressed that the therapeutic content of in-patient care is limited and lacking clear guidance. The perspectives of patients and staff regarding therapeutic priorities for psychiatric in-patient care have been little explored and compared.

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine patient and staff perspectives on the care priorities of psychiatric in-patients with psychosis.

Method

We recruited 12 in-patients with psychosis and 12 multidisciplinary team staff. All participants undertook a semi-structured interview examining their perspectives on the therapeutic needs of people with psychosis during admission. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis conducted.

Results

Three superordinate themes arose from patient interviews: ‘the importance of considering social circumstances and trauma’, ‘managing the intra- and interpersonal impact of psychosis’ and ‘lack of control and collaboration in care’ and three from staff interviews: ‘multidisciplinary facilitators of care’, ‘treating complexity and incorporating social factors’ and ‘restrictive practices preventing quality care provision’. Comparison of patient and staff themes identified unmet needs in addressing social marginalisation, trauma and distress, and the importance of collaborative treatment process and inclusion of spirituality.

Conclusions

There are gaps between staff and patient perspectives on important priorities for in-patient care that may help explain persistent patient dissatisfaction with in-patient care. Findings suggest the need for coproduced work to develop and test interventions that address broader therapeutic priorities.

Declaration of interest

None.
Aldosterone Stimulates Its Biosynthesis Via a Novel GPER-Mediated Mechanism
Authors: Caroccia Brasilina , Seccia Teresa Maria , Piazza Maria , Prisco Selene , Zanin Sofia , Iacobone Maurizio , Lenzini Livia , Pallafacchina Giorgia , Domening Oliver , Poglitsch Marko , Rizzuto Rosario , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: May 2019

Context

The G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates an aldosterone secretagogue effect of 17β-estradiol in human HAC15 adrenocortical cells after estrogen receptor β blockade. Because GPER mediates mineralocorticoid receptor-independent aldosterone effects in other cell types, we hypothesized that aldosterone could modulate its own synthesis via GPER activation.

Methods

HAC15 cells were exposed to aldosterone in the presence or absence of canrenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and/or of the selective GPER antagonist G36. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) mRNA and protein levels changes were the study end points. Similar experiments were repeated in strips obtained ex vivo from aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and in GPER-silenced HAC15 cells.

Results

Aldosterone markedly increased CYP11B2 mRNA and protein expression (vs untreated samples, P < 0.001) in both models by acting via GPER, because these effects were abolished by G36 (P < 0.01) and not by canrenone. GPER-silencing (P < 0.01) abolished the aldosterone-induced increase of CYP11B2, thus proving that aldosterone acts via GPER to augment the step-limiting mitochondrial enzyme (CYP11B2) of its synthesis. Angiotensin II potentiated the GPER-mediated effect of aldosterone on CYP11B2. Coimmunoprecipitation studies provided evidence for GPER-angiotensin type-1 receptor heterodimerization.

Conclusion

We propose that this autocrine-paracrine mechanism could enhance aldosterone biosynthesis under conditions of immediate physiological need in which the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is stimulated as, for example, hypovolemia. Moreover, as APA overexpresses GPER this mechanism could contribute to the aldosterone excess that occurs in primary aldosteronism in a seemingly autonomous fashion from angiotensin II.
Violence, Democracy, and the Major-Minor Question
Authors: Chaturvedi Ruchi
Published: May 2019

This essay revolves around different types of violence witnessed in political society and their relationship to the democratic form that many postcolonial states have inherited. It especially draws on studies of popular protests, negrophobic and xenophobic violence against lower-income migrants, and deadly competition for elected party and government positions in postapartheid South Africa. The discussion focuses on describing the relationship between these three phenomena alongside aspects of multiparty politics, single-party rule, and violent contests for profitable offices in other African states. The continuous competition to defeat opponents, obtain victories, secure majorities, occupy the place of power, and embody its force—which liberal democracies institute—is central to this argument about the violence that South Africa has witnessed in recent times. The essay unpacks these ways of doing politics in order to make a broader theoretical statement about how received models of democracy are implicated in political society's violence in postcolonial contexts.
Beyond the whole-mount phenotype: high-resolution imaging in fluorescence-based applications on zebrafish
Authors: Oralová Veronika , Rosa Joana T. , Soenens Mieke , Bek Jan Willem , Willaert Andy , Witten Paul Eckhard , Huysseune Ann
Published: May 2019

Zebrafish is now widely used in biomedical research as a model for human diseases, but the relevance of the model depends on a rigorous analysis of the phenotypes obtained. Many zebrafish disease models, experimental techniques and manipulations take advantage of fluorescent reporter molecules. However, phenotypic analysis often does not go beyond establishing overall distribution patterns of the fluorophore in whole-mount embryos or using vibratome or paraffin sections with poor preservation of tissue architecture and limited resolution. Obtaining high-resolution data of fluorescent signals at the cellular level from internal structures mostly depends on the availability of expensive imaging technology. Here, we propose a new and easily applicable protocol for embedding and sectioning of zebrafish embryos using in-house prepared glycol methacrylate (GMA) plastic that is suited for preservation of fluorescent signals (including photoactivatable fluorophores) without the need for antibodies. Four main approaches are described, all involving imaging fluorescent signals on semithin (3 µm or less) sections. These include sectioning transgenic animals, whole-mount immunostained embryos, cell tracking, as well as on-section enzyme histochemistry.
Thomas M. Jessell (1951-2019)
Authors: Arber Silvia , Briscoe James
Published: May 2019

Thomas M. Jessell died on April 28, 2019. Tom revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms through which neuronal cell type identities are programmed during development to dictate their function in the adult nervous system. Here, we (two former postdocs from his lab) remember some of his most important scientific contributions and how these changed the way we now understand and think about neuronal circuits controlling movement.
Not everything in the gallbladder is gallstones: an unusual case of biliary ascariasis
Authors: Keshvala Chhaya , Naidu Leena
Published: May 2019

A 25-year-old female presented with a sore throat, fever and epigastric pain after coming from India. She had an obstructive pattern of liver function tests and an ultrasound scan abdomen showed features suggestive of acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis, with no obvious gallstones. She made no improvement with intravenous antibiotics. Subsequently, a contrast CT demonstrated a curvilinear structure within a thickened gallbladder and common bile duct. After input from multiple specialities, she had a MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) which further confirmed the curvilinear filling defect impacted in the gallbladder neck and proximal common bile duct. Biliary ascariasis with mild pancreatitis was diagnosed and was successfully treated with mebendazole. At one-month outpatient follow-up, her liver function tests and ultrasound scan had returned to normal. This case report discusses the radiological findings seen with biliary ascariasis using a range of imaging modalities. It also highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary team in managing a patient who presents a diagnostic challenge, in order to achieve the best patient outcome.
Life-threatening mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall in a neonate
Authors: Swaminathan Aravind , Taylor Katherine , Ramaswamy Madhavan , Calder Alistair , McHugh Kieran , Muthialu Nagarajan , Mok Quen
Published: May 2019

Mesenchymal hamartomas of the chest wall are unusual tumours diagnosed in neonates. They mostly resolve spontaneously hence conservative management has been advocated. Some compress vital structures in the thoracic cavity or bleed warranting surgical intervention. We present a neonate with mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall presenting as unilateral multifocal lesions with life threatening complications. He responded well to surgical intervention and was successfully discharged.