bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Youth Unemployment and Localized Impact: A Career Studies Teacher's Story
Authors: Godden Lorraine
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The global economic downturn and high youth unemployment have created a challenging context for Ontario secondary-school teachers to meet the compulsory half-credit career studies course objectives intended to support school-to-work (STW) transition. Bronfenbrener’s (1979) ecological systems theory provided a clear framework to examine influences and knowledge one teacher used to support the teaching of career studies. The data showed that the teacher knew her local economy had been affected by the global economic downturn, and she described local business closures and the potential impact upon employment opportunities. The teacher understood the impact upon her students and explained the importance of students understanding these connections. The open level of the career studies course necessitated the meeting of diverse student needs, including students with disabilities, widely ranging academic levels, and those at risk. This study aids our understanding of how the GLC20 teacher might contribute to successful STW transition for all students in times of global high youth unemployment.
Pre-service Teacher Education for Mental Health and Inclusion in Schools
Authors: Atkins Melanie-Anne , Rodger Susan
Published: October 2020

Pre-service teacher education in mental health and mental health literacy is essential to creating the conditions necessary to support the mental health and wellness of children and youth in schools. Many teachers report never having received any education about mental health, but recognize the importance of this knowledge in meeting the needs of their students in regular classrooms. This article describes the development of a completely online mental health course organized around five learning objectives and delivered in a large pre-service teacher education program in Canada. Next, this article presents the results of research to evaluate impact on the pre-service teacher education students. Results are organized into expected and unexpected learning outcomes. Implications for further research and practice are shared.
Predictors of Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice in Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Specht Jacqueline A , Metsala Jamie L
Published: October 2020

Teachers who show high teacher efficacy affect student achievement positively. Teaching is sometimes seen as an overwhelming profession because of classroom diversity and expectations placed on teachers. It is important to bring beginning teachers to the point at which they feel they are capable and will be more emotionally equipped to take on the stressors of the classroom. The current study focused on predicting pre-service teachers’ efficacy for inclusive practice from variables found to be important in the literature: gender, inclusion-related beliefs, and experiences with individuals with disabilities. Participants consisted of 1,026 students completing the in-faculty component of their pre-service program in 9 faculties of education across Canada. They completed the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice survey and the Beliefs about Learning and Teaching Questionnaire. All teacher candidates appeared to benefit from experience with people with disabilities. General findings indicated more positive inclusive beliefs for women than men and for pre-service teachers in elementary than in secondary programs. Important differences emerged, however, concerning which beliefs contributed to each area of teacher efficacy for secondary as compared to elementary programs. Results are discussed in terms of issues to consider in initial teacher education programs.
A Study of the Long-Term Influence of Early Childhood Education and Care on the Risk for Developing Special Educational Needs
Authors: Melhuish Edward , Barnes Jacqueline , Gardiner Julian , Siraj Iram , Sammons Pamela , Sylva Kathy , Taggart Brenda
Published: October 2020

Specialized preschool programs can enhance the development of vulnerable young children at risk of special educational needs (SEN). Less is known about the potential of early childhood education and care (ECEC) provided for the general population. This study includes 2,857 children attending 141 ECEC centres in England and 310 with no ECEC. ECEC quality and effectiveness were assessed. Children’s scores on assessments of cognitive development, numeracy, and literacy, and teacher reports of socio-emotional problems at ages 5, 7, 11, and 16 years were used to identify risk of SEN (1 standard deviation beyond the mean). Trend analyses (none vs. low, medium, and high ECEC quality or effectiveness) examined impact of ECEC on risk for cognitive or socio-emotional SEN. Better quality and more effective ECEC reduced risk of cognitive SEN at 5, 11, and 16 years of age, with similar results for socio-emotional SEN. The discussion considers the consistency of the association between children’s ECEC experience and risk for SEN, which is found for alternative measures of ECEC, quality derived from observations and effectiveness derived from progress in child outcomes. These different sources for the ECEC measures add credibility to the results. Also the implications for policy and practice are discussed including the recommendation for universal provision of high quality ECEC and ensuring that the most at-risk populations receive the best ECEC available.
Setting the Context for a Conference to Explore Intersectionalities for School Leadership and Inclusion
Authors: Sider Steve , Ling Paul
Published: October 2020

This article describes a conference held in Vancouver, Canada, that explored school leadership, inclusion, and Indigeneity. The conference, entitled Exploring Intersectionalities for Leadership and School Inclusion, provided an opportunity for educational scholars, government policy-makers, Indigenous Knowledge Keepers, school system leaders, principals, and teachers to examine how school principals can support students with special education needs in inclusive schools. This article provides the rationale, background, logistical details, and deliverables of the conference. In the conclusion, questions are raised that require further exploration in the field of inclusion and school leadership.
Educating the English: the role of universities in tackling hate speech and Islamaphobia in post-EU-Referendum Britain
Authors: Evenden-Kenyon Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Este artículo examinará el rol de las universidades británicas al educar tanto a sus estudiantes como a las comunidades que las rodean sobre el “otro”, usando el multiculturalismo y el Movimiento por la Libertad para combatir la ignorancia hacia “el otro”. Desde que tuvo lugar el referéndum del Brexit en junio de 2016, se han incrementado considerablemente el discurso y los delitos basados en el odio hacia el “otro” en el Reino Unido, tanto a nivel verbal como a través de los medios de comunicación social, por no hablar de las agresiones de carácter físico hacia inmigrantes y minorías étnicas. Los estudios más recientes sobre este fenómeno social indican que este incremento ha sido claramente avivado por las imágenes y el lenguaje exhibidos en los medios de comunicación británicos.

Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es considerar el impacto de los medios de comunicación en la conceptualización del “otro” y explorar qué están haciendo las universidades británicas para enfrentar esta retórica y acciones. Consideraremos prácticas y políticas actuales y las posibles alternativas que las universidades pueden adoptar, así como las políticas que el gobierno podría implantar para contrarrestar tanto la xenofobia en general como la islamofobia en particular a nivel nacional.
Pediatric Crohn’s disease with severe morbidity manifested by gastric outlet obstruction: two cases report and review of the literature
Authors: Kim Eun Sil , Park Ji Hyung , Choe Yon Ho , Kim Mi Jin
Published: October 2020

Crohn’s disease (CD) presenting as gastric outlet obstruction is rare but serious clinical presentation of CD causing severe morbidity. However, there have been few case reports concerning this disorder in East Asian children and adolescents. The current case report describes 2 pediatric patients with CD who had had gastric outlet obstruction as an initial symptom of CD. Two pediatric patients developed postprandial vomiting, bloating, and unintentional weight loss. The upper endoscopy result indicated that there was pyloric obstruction with mucosal edema, inflammation and ulcers. The serologic test and colonoscopy results suggested CD. These patients were treated with infliximab, and endoscopic balloon dilation without surgery and showed remarkable improvement in obstructing symptoms with maintaining clinical and biochemical remission. This case report elucidates the benefits of early intervention using infliximab and endoscopic balloon dilation to improve gastric outlet obstruction and achieve baseline recovery in patients with upper gastrointestinal B2 phenotype of CD.
CBCT INVESTIGATION OF THE INTRABONY CANAL COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE VESTIBULAR AND LINGUAL PLATES IN THE ANTERIOR MANDIBLE
Authors:   Department of Imaging and Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria,, Yovchev Dimitar , Mihaylova Hristina ,   Department of Imaging and Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria,, Deliverska Elitsa ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria,, Miteva - Yovcheva Nadezhda ,   Department of Medical Oncology, Serdika Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To assess the presence of the vestibulo - lingual intrabony canal communications (VLC) in the anterior mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Study material included 200 CBCT scans taken for preoperative planning of implant placement. The images were examined carefully by three observers concerning the presence of VLC. Interobserver agreement in identification of the canal communications was excellent (mean kappa value – 0.82). Results: Vestibulo - lingual communications were found in 27 % of cases. The communications appeared as a crossing of the lateral lingual canal with the mandibular incisive canal (type 1), as a connection between midline lingual canal (or canals) and a vestibular nutrient canal (type 2) or as a lateral lingual canal connected with the anterior loop of the mandibular canal (type 3). The main type of VLC is those between a lateral lingual canal and mandibular incisive canal – 85.2% from all of the VLCs. Conclusions: A considerable part (27%) of Bulgarian citizens has vestibulo - lingual communications in the anterior mandible. The type 1 communication prevails, and it is more frequently located on the right side. The knowledge about vestibulo - lingual communications could contribute a better understanding of bone tumor invasion but further studies are necessary.
Something That Used to Be Objectivism: Barbara Branden’s Psycho-Epistemology
Authors: Campbell Robert L.
Published: October 2020

Think as If Your Life Depends on It puts Barbara Branden’s lectures on the Principles of Efficient Thinking in print at last, along with three later lectures. In Roger Bissell’s excellent transcription, the ten lectures introduce readers to psycho-epistemology (the psychology of methods of thinking), the difference between directed and undirected thinking, the role of the subconscious in problem-solving, common faults in thinking, and motivational issues that interfere with thinking. Her contributions were effectively erased from Objectivism after the Nathaniel Branden Institute closed; the original lectures were the most significant part of the Objectivist corpus that remained to be recovered.
Peterson, Rand, and Antifragile Individualism
Authors: Åm Onar
Published: October 2020

A thorough academic discussion of Jordan Peterson’s work has been conspicuously absent—until now. Despite being addressed to an academic audience, Myth, Meaning, and Antifragile Individualism, by Marc Champagne, is written in a well-crafted, straightforward style accessible to the informed layperson. The book’s first part offers an invaluable introduction to Peterson’s work within an academic framework. The second part offers critiques of Peterson’s work, some of which are prudent and others of which are weaker. The book is an essential contribution to anyone who wants to better understand Peterson’s ideas and scrutinize them in a rational context.
New Plymouth girls' high school structural strengthening and upgrading of the 1926 block
Authors: Hutchison D. L. , Gill W. D.
Published: October 2020

The building forms the apex of a two-storey L-shaped classroom block, the ‘legs' of the L having been added later and including walls of reinforced concrete. This section was built in 1926 and is of cavity brick construction with reinforced concrete bands provided at first floor and eaves level. Floors and roof trusses are of timber. The L-shaped block as a whole is not of great architectural importance and the suite of buildings in the school grounds have no consistent architectural form. Consequently, thought had been given to demolishing the 1926 building of the classroom block and replacing its facilities elsewhere in the grounds. However, because toilets and main stairway servicing the L-shaped classroom block are all located in the 1926 building, it was decided it should be retained. An initial feasibility study had considered the possibility of tying the 1926 building to the adjacent ‘legs’. Unfortunately, the system of horizontal ties at first floor level would have been seriously interrupted by the stairwell. Furthermore, such a solution relies on the brickwork being able to withstand face loading by spanning without protection between floors. The 1926 block also contains four classrooms of about 47 m2 each. The total area per floor of the two-storey block is about 250 m2. A lightweight decramastic roof has replaced the former concrete tile roof in recent times. Inevitably, upgrading of other aspects of an old building are considered once the decision to strengthen the structure is taken. Accordingly, both plumbing and electrical services were upgraded, and the building interior finish was completely redone. The structural cost was about half the total value of the strengthening/refurbishing operation. This article concentrates on structural matters.
Implementing Group Work in General and ESP Classrooms in Kuwait’s Public Institutions
Authors: Alazemi Abdullah M. , Alenezi Abdullah A. , Alnwaiem Ahmad F.
Published: October 2020

Group work (GW) has been at the center of research for many years, and several positive attributes have been linked to its implementation in English language teaching (ELT) classrooms. This study explores Kuwaiti students’ views on the benefits and difficulties of GW in their general English and English for specific purposes (ESP) courses. A mixed-method approach, involving both qualitative and quantitative data, was implemented, and 290 individuals responded to the questionnaire of which 22 were interviewed. All participants were students in one of the only two public higher education institutions in Kuwait: Kuwait University (KU) or the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET). The findings revealed that the majority of students agreed that GW presented ample benefits for their learning journey, and some of those positive attributes surpassed the education realm into their social and professional realms. However, the findings also showed a few negative issues raised about GW implementation.
Promoted Peer Review in EFL Writing: Development in Students’ Perceptions and Feedback
Authors: Altamimi Rashed Nasir
Published: October 2020

While many studies have examined the impact of peer review on EFL students’ perceptions of peer review and acceptance and incorporation of feedback in their writing with the help of training or guidance and guide (check list), using a combination of these techniques plus multiplicity of review sessions, as a promotion, has been underexplored. This study aims to investigate the usefulness of training, guidance, and multiplicity of peer review sessions in changing students’ negative perceptions of peer review and increasing their acceptance and incorporation of feedback in EFL writing. Two training workshops and checklists were used to help students do the review, which was accomplished in five multiple sessions. Thirty-four students voluntarily participated in this study, which employed a five-item pre-/post methodology—the online survey and students’ written drafts as data collection instruments. To analyze the data, independent samples t-tests were used for the five-item survey, percentage of each peer session’s comments (i.e., comments made/comments incorporated) was calculated to assess peers’ acceptance of their partners’ feedback, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to determine whether participants incorporated more feedback over time. The results showed that, first, the participants revealed positive perceptions of the effectiveness of peer review. Second, the students highly accepted their peers’ feedback. Finally, the students incorporated a significantly higher quantity of reviewers’ feedback into second drafts at the end of every session, starting from the second session. The pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Strains Isolated from Blood Culture in a University Hospital
Authors: Taşkın Kafa Ayşe Hümeyra , Çelik Cem , Hasbek Mürşit , Bakıcı Mustafa Zahir
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to contribute to the establishment of appropriate empirical treatment protocols by determining antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from bacteremia patients in intensive care units and various clinics. Materials and Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility of a total of 111 P. aeruginosa isolates isolated from the blood of inpatients in intensive care units and other services between January 2014 and July 2018 in Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine were evaluated retrospectively. In the study, the susceptibility profiles of amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepim, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem and meropenem were investigated using the automated system of Phoenix 100 (Becton Dickinson Co., Sparks, MD, USA). The results were evaluated based on the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for 2014 and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) from 2015 onwards. Results: One hundred and eleven P. aeruginosa were isolated from blood samples, 77 from intensive care units and 34 from various services of the hospital. P. aeruginosa strains isolated from cultures have a high rate of resistance against antimicrobial agents. The highest resistance was determined for imipenem with 20.7% and the lowest resistance was determined for amikacin with 1.8%. Piperacillintazobactam, ceftazidim, cefepim, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and meropenem resistance rates were 18%, 17.1%, 17.8%, 18.9%, 13.9%, 19.8% respectively. Multidrug-resistant was found to be 10.8%. This ratio was determined as 13% in intensive care units. Conclusion: Considering the current antibiotic susceptibility profiles while determining empirical treatment protocols is rather important to prevent resistance. In addition, putting forward the bacterial resistance status periodically through this type of studies, to determine the strength of existing drugs and to guide therapy, presents valuable data. Within this context, we propose that the data of our study will contribute to the current literature
Investigation of Metallo-Beta-Lactamases in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains by Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods
Authors: Aksoy M. Duygu , Tuğrul H. Murat
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains cause serious problems in treatment. A large number of identified metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) enzymes produced by P. aeruginosa are one of the most important mechanisms in resistance to carbapenems. MBL genes are located on the chromosome or plasmid, and they can easily spread between different bacterial strains. The activities of these enzymes are zinc-dependent, and they are inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Therefore, this advantage is used in MBL identification tests. In this study, it was aimed to determine MBL among P. aeruginosa strains. Materials and Methods: MBL existence was investigated in 35 P. aeruginosa strains accepted to be mildly susceptible/resistant to any of the carbapenem group of antibiotics through phenotypic and genotypic methods. Phenotypic tests were performed as double disk synergy test (DDST), combined disk diffusion tests (CDDT) by using 0.1 M and 0.5 M EDTA, MBL E-test, and modified Hodge test (MHT). blaIMP, blaVIM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM genes and blaNDM gene were investigated by multiplex polimerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR, respectively. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 standard bacteria were used in tests. VIM-1, VIM-2, IMP-13, SPM-1, NDM-1 type MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains were used as positive controls. Results: Among the carbapenems resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, positivity of MBL was found as 54.2% by MBL E-test, 42.8% by DDST, 94.2% and 37.1% by CDDT method using 0.5 M and 0.1 M EDTA, respectively. Modified Hodge test and genotypic method did not detect MBL. Conclusion: In order to correctly evaluate the results of the phenotypic method, the investigation of resistance genes by molecular methods is also required. The most common metallo-beta-lactamase enzymes responsible for resistance to carbapenem in Pseudomonas were not observed. It was thought that different mechanisms might be responsible for the identified carbapenem resistance.
Structural Properties and Performance Test Standards of Surgical Masks with Respirators Used in Healthcare Settings
Authors: Zengin Hümeyra , Metan Gökhan , Ünal Serhat
Published: October 2020

Healthcare workers may be exposed to various aerosols formed during patient care and treatment. Transmission of bacterial or viral infections to the healthcare staff by this route can be life threatening. Worldwide, many national and international occupational health and safety organizations consider medical masks and respirators as an important element of protecting healthcare workers against exposure to hazardous aerosol particles. With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the features and standards of masks that should be used in different settings have become an important topic of discussion. The masks produced in compliance with standards are widely used against harmful aerosols and protect the user when properly installed. These medical and respiratory masks are among the important personal protection equipment widely used in healthcare to prevent transmission of bacterial and viral infections as well as COVID-19. Here, it was aimed to review the structural features and performance test standards of the masks used during medical procedures.
The Opportunity Cost of Changing Clinical Practice in Anticipation of a Surge of Covid-19 patients – A Convergent Mixed Methods Study Protocol
Authors: Manja Veena , Wiedeman James , Hoch Jeffrey S , Farmer Diana Lee
Published: October 2020

Background: The rapid rise of COVID-19 infections has strained the capacity of healthcare systems worldwide. Many organizations are changing practice to make room for a surge in patients with COVID-19 infections. Cancelling and rescheduling elective procedures is one strategy advocated and used by many. This process may result in negative consequences for the patients who need procedures and have negative teaching and economic implications.Rationale and Study Design: This convergent mixed-methods study includes analysis of surgical databases to evaluate differences in case-volume and case-mix before and after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic (quantitative phase), prospective observational study of patients impacted by the delayed scheduling of surgical procedures (quantitative phase) and 1:1 semi-structured interviews with patients, physicians and administrators to understand the impact of operational changes as a result on COVID-19 infection on patient care, teaching and learning and fiscal outcomes.Methods: The quantitative phase will consist of a review of the surgical database to quantify the differences in case-volume and case-mix during 2019 and 2020. In addition a prospective cohort of patients impacted by the delay in these procedures will be followed for 6 months to assess changes in patient important outcomes due to changes in scheduling procedures. The qualitative phase will consist of 1:1 semi-structured interviews to gain a depth of understanding of the trade-offs due to a change in practice related to COVID-19. The interviews will be analyzed using qualitative description.Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused worldwide disruption in the practice of healthcare, current focus on increasing capacity in preparation for a COVID-19 surge may have unforeseen consequences for patients who need non-COVID-19 related care. Studying the impact prospectively will provide information on the trade-offs associated with change in healthcare priorities. These results may be helpful in informing optimal healthcare practices and resource allocation in the future.
Psychiatry, power and the person
Authors: Brown Juliette
Published: October 2020

Psychiatry treats human problems expressed through bodily symptoms and aims to be person-centred, but is often not experienced as such. Experience of mental healthcare care can be profoundly traumatising. The aim of this article is to explore some of the barriers to person-centred care in psychiatry, and to explore ways of integrating the knowledge held by patients with that held by psychiatrists. Barriers include a lack of acknowledgement of the centrality of trauma experiences in the development of mental illness. Other factors include the effects of exposure to psychological trauma as a doctor, being unconsciously motivated by one’s own early life experiences, and internalising the stigma around mental ill-health in patients and in clinicians, as a clinician. The discipline suffers from limitations on the knowledge base. Phenomenological accounts and lived experience research must have higher priority in psychiatric education in order for the discipline to gain both scientifically and ethically. One of the aims of this article is to explore philosophical ideas around reconciliation of apparently opposing narratives and explanatory models in psychiatry, ideas which have the potential to shift power relations and enable renewed focus on what is most meaningful to patients. There is an argument for subjecting psychiatry to ongoing critique of purpose as well as method. In conclusion the form of psychiatry most likely to deliver person-centredness is one that can attend to its own prejudice, its unconscious, its values and those of its subject.
Personhood and Disorders of Consciousness: Finding Room in Person-Centered Healthcare
Authors: Andrade Bianca , Azevedo Marco Antonio
Published: October 2020

Advocates of the Person-Centered Healthcare (PCH) approach say that PCH is a response to a failure of caring for patients as persons. Nevertheless, there are many human subjects falling to fulfill the requirements of a traditional philosophical definition of personhood. Hence, if we take, PCH seriously, a greater clarification of the key terminology of PCH is urgently needed. It seems necessary, for instance, that the concept of the person should be extended in order to include those individuals with insipient or immature levels of consciousness, as well as those who are severely and permanently mentally handicapped. In this article, we will depart from some well-known philosophical concepts of what it means to be a person and try to offer a broader and more inclusive meaning. We suggest that persons are human beings with a socially recognized biography, which implies to recognize as persons individuals with necessities, but also with narratives about their interests and claims, expressed sometimes by other people related to them. This is particularly the case of individuals that suffer from severe disorders of consciousness. For those, is not only care that matters; respect matters too. Caregivers should therefore not only sympathetically care for the well-being of these people; they should also be concerned to respect their interests and claims by interpreting them empathetically, in the light of their biographical story. Our conclusion is that, in order to be coherent, PCH must consider individuals with severe disorders of consciousness as persons and we think that our revised concept of personhood fits with this requirement.
Gefahr und Gefahrtragung
Authors: Müller Michael F.
Published: October 2020

Gefahrtragungsrecht und -dogmatik haben sich auseinanderentwickelt. Die dogmatische Terminologie ist inkonsistent, unvollständig, mit dem Gesetz unvereinbar, berücksichtigt nicht die Schuldrechtsmodernisierung und vermengt Tatbestand und Rechtsfolge. Trotz einheitlicher bzw. uneinheitlicher Normtexte gelangt man teils zu uneinheitlichen bzw. einheitlichen dogmatischen Sätzen, die Nivellierung normtextlicher Unterschiede bedingt teils redundante dogmatische Sätze. Vor diesem Hintergrund unterbreitet der Beitrag einen Vorschlag für einen Neuanfang der Gefahrtragungsdogmatik.
Die Spur der Gesellschaft
Authors: Arenz Tobias
Published: October 2020

Angesichts gegenwärtiger Krisenerfahrungen erlebt die Soziologie ein comeback des Gesellschaftsbegriffs. Hatte man diesen zunächst verabschiedet, weil seine häufig normativ überfrachteten Ganzheitsvorstellungen dem pluralistischen Anspruch der westlichen Welt nicht gerecht wurden, so stellt sich heute erneut die Frage nach der Einheit des Sozialen.

Das Problem mit radikalem Fokus gerade auf die Differenz des Sozialen zu bearbeiten, war Niklas Luhmanns Strategie. Seine Systemtheorie sollte Gesellschaft möglichst abstrakt und komplexitätsbewusst beschreiben. Ihr formal-funktionalistischer Blick kann den neuen Herausforderungen jedoch nicht mehr adäquat begegnen. Tobias Arenz’ These lautet deshalb, dass Luhmann zu überwinden ist – jedoch von innen heraus, um nicht hinter ihn zurückzufallen. Entscheidend dafür ist die Reflexion der impliziten Normativität der Systemtheorie, die im Anschluss an das Theorieprogramm Mediale Moderne und das formkritische Rechtsverständnis Christoph Menkes erfolgt.

Die Studie entwickelt dergestalt ein neues, mit Pluralität zu vereinbarendes Normativitätskonzept. Ihre hochaktuelle Pointe lautet, dass jede wissenschaftliche Analyse sozialer Verhältnisse notwendig innerhalb eines normativen gesellschaftstheoretischen Rahmens durchgeführt wird, der in der Moderne inhaltlich durch die interne Verknüpfung von Freiheit und Herrschaft bestimmt ist.
Situation und Affekt
Authors: Wiesse Basil
Published: October 2020

Der affective turn der Kulturwissenschaften hat auch die Soziologie erfasst. Insbesondere die empirische Untersuchung sozialer Affizierungen stößt auf breites Interesse, verspricht sie doch, neue Forschungsfelder zu erschließen und zugleich im Fach verbreitete Vorannahmen grundlegend in Frage zu stellen. Hierfür wird mangels soziologischer Alternativen insbesondere auf philosophisches Theorievokabular zurückgegriffen, das jedoch spezifisch soziologischen Frage- und Problemstellungen nur unzureichend Rechnung tragen kann.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung möchte affekttheoretische Kerngedanken aus einer dezidiert soziologischen Perspektive theoretisch integrieren. Als zentrale Anschlussstelle wird der Begriff der Situation im Verständnis des methodologischen Situationismus identifiziert: Wie in den Affekttheorien werden auch in situationistischen Soziologien Prozesse fokussiert, die sich zwischen den an ihnen beteiligten Körpern abspielen.
Variability of Saliva Viscosity - Potential Impact
Authors: Eltze Lara , Eltze Maren , Garcia Antonio
Published: October 2020

As novel COVID-19 testing develops, saliva has become of increasing interest as an alternate biological sample for rapid testing. The appeal in saliva-based testing lies within the ease of which samples are collected, as well as patient comfort throughout the collection process. With this, it has become increasingly important to delineate the characteristics of saliva viscosity due to its effects on the movement and interactions of the substances and molecules found within it. The characteristics that affect saliva viscosity include the presence of aggregates, variations in temperature, and time elapsed between sample collection and testing. Understanding how physicochemical properties and temperature affect saliva’s viscosity are important in generating guidelines for proper sample handling in saliva testing to ensure consistent and reliable results. In this study, passive sampling of saliva was analyzed. This type of collection ensures a more uniform saliva composition, suggesting that variations in viscosity can be attributed solely to modifications in saliva handling post-collection. The data suggested that saliva viscosity is greatest immediately following collection of the saliva sample, increases with higher quantities of aggregates in saliva, and decreases tremendously when the sample has been frozen and thawed to room temperature. These findings suggest that to ensure accuracy and uniformity in quantitative saliva-based test results, protocols should favor the testing of a sample immediately following its collection. The implications of these results in optimizing saliva testing are far reaching. The value of saliva based testing extends far beyond COVID-19 or other disease testing. It is also gaining utility in understanding daily fluctuations in hydration state and in other wellness applications.
Quantitative Impact of the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) Practice Guideline Update on Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Wei Christina H. , Garcia Lino , Murata-Collins Joyce , Schmolze Daniel , Apple Sophia
Published: October 2020

Context.—

The global impact of the new 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) practice guideline update on the overall HER2 status designation, compared with the prior 2013 iteration, is unknown.

Objectives.—

To report the quantitative impact of the new guideline on HER2 status distribution.

Design.—

The analysis comprised a retrospective cohort of patients from the authors' institution, combined with other peer-reviewed publications that assessed the impact of the 2018 guideline in relation to the 2013 guideline.

Results.—

Our study revealed that the new guideline led to an average 9% reclassification rate for the overall HER2 status, with a net gain in overall HER2 negative designation. This is largely due to reclassification of the equivocal (Group 4) groups. Unexpectedly, infrequent but consistent discordance between Group 1/5 and fluorescence in situ hybridization results are observed across studies (1.8%; 73 of 3965 cases where fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are both reported).

Conclusions.—

Early clinical recognition of these resultant changes, including emerging issues of tumor heterogeneity, and potential discordance between immunohistochemistry to fluorescence in situ hybridization, is important for accurate clinical assessment of individual HER2 test results.
Recommendation for Stateful Hash-Based Signature Schemes
Authors: Cooper David A. , Apon Daniel C. , Dang Quynh H. , Davidson Michael S. , Dworkin Morris J. , Miller Carl A.
Published: October 2020

This recommendation specifies two algorithms that can be used to generate a digital signature, both of which are stateful hash-based signature schemes: the Leighton-Micali Signature (LMS) system and the eXtended Merkle Signature Scheme (XMSS), along with their multi-tree variants, the Hierarchical Signature System (HSS) and multi-tree XMSS (XMSSMT).
Control Baselines for Information Systems and Organizations
Authors:   JOINT TASK FORCE
Published: October 2020

This publication provides security and privacy control baselines for the Federal Government. There are three security control baselines (one for each system impact level—low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact), as well as a privacy baseline that is applied to systems irrespective of impact level. In addition to the control baselines, this publication provides tailoring guidance and a set of working assumptions that help guide and inform the control selection process. Finally, this publication provides guidance on the development of overlays to facilitate control baseline customization for specific communities of interest, technologies, and environments of operation.
Nobelprisen i økonomi 2018: Økonomisk vækst og klimaforandringer
Authors: Sørensen Peter Birch
Published: October 2020

Hvad er drivkræfterne bag den økonomiske vækst, og hvordan spiller væksten sammen med den globale opvarmning? Nobelprisen i økonomi 2018 blev delt mellem to makroøkonomer, der har forsket i disse afgørende spørgsmål for den økonomiske videnskab. Paul M. Romer modtog prisen for sit bidrag til teorien om endogen vækst, og William D. Nordhaus for sin pionérindsats inden for klimaøkonomi. Begge forskere har bygget videre på indsigter opnået af tidligere Nobelprisvindere.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Christensen Gunvor , Pedersen Lisbeth
Published: October 2020

Siden midten af 1980’erne har der i Danmark været en politisk iagttagelse af, at der har været boligområder præget af et komplekst sæt af problemer bestående af sociale, organisatoriske, fysiske og økonomiske udfordringer. Når vi kigger på problemerne i dag, forekommer de at være relativt uændrede trods årtiers boligsociale indsatser, forsøg med udlejningsregler og fysiske renoveringer. Det har politisk ledt til, at der kom den første liste over ghettoområder i 2010, og at Parallelsamfundsaftalen kom i 2018, hvor målet er, at der ikke eksisterer ghettoer i 2030. Parallelsamfundsaftalen blev indgået af et bredt flertal i Folketinget, og fra politisk side er der generel stor opbakning til, at der nu bliver sat ind i forhold til at håndtere de nuværende koncentrationsproblemer og til fremadrettet at undgå en uhensigtsmæssig koncentration af social udsathed.
På vej mod social mix? Konsekvenser af ufrivillig fraflytning fra udsatte boligområder
Authors: Nielsen Rikke Skovgaard , Jepsen Marie Blomgren
Published: October 2020

Sammenfatning: I de kommende år vil ommærkning, nedrivning og frasalg af almene boliger i de »hårde ghettoer« tvinge beboere til at fraflytte deres bolig. Denne form for ufrivillig fraflytning som konsekvens af strukturelle omdannelser af udsatte områder har vi ikke erfaring med i Danmark. For at kvalificere processen omkring og resultaterne af omdannelserne vender denne artikel blikket mod lande med lignende indsatser for at få svar på, hvad de internationale erfaringer med ufrivillig fraflytning fra udsatte boligområder er, og hvad vi kan lære af dem i dansk kontekst.
Utsatta bostadsområden och områdesorienterad politik: problembilder, målsättningar och implementeringsstrategier i det svenska fallet
Authors: Hertting Nils , Urban Susanne
Published: October 2020

Områdesorienterade insatser har länge varit centrala element i svensk politik mot utsatta områden. Lika länge har kritik funnits mot att insatserna inte når sina mål. Medan somliga menar att den områdesorienterade politiken i Sverige är ett symbolpolitiskt försök att sprida ansvaret för offentliga nedskärningar, menar andra att upprepningen av en politik utan framgångar är tecken på oförmåga hos beslutsfattare att förstå segregationens bakomliggande orsaker. I artikeln lanserar vi en tredje syn: svensk områdespolitik bör ses som ett stöd till genomförandet av olika sektorsmål i utsatta bostadsområden. En implikation av vårt argument är att politiken ofta bedömts utifrån felaktiga grunder.
Est-ce mieux de rechercher ou de recevoir ? Un modèle de soutien social à double facteur
Authors: Hamby Sherry , Taylor Elizabeth , Mitchell Kimberly , Jones Lisa , Newlin Chris
Published: October 2020

Objectifs : Cette étude utilise une approche à double facteur pour examiner l’association entre la recherche de soutien social et le soutien reçu avec six indicateurs de fonctionnement global et 14 indicateurs de forces psychosociales. Méthodologie : Un questionnaire mesurant les forces, le fonctionnement et la victimisation a été rempli par 440 participants âgés de 10 à 21 ans (M = 16,38, ET = 3,04). Les participants ont été classés en quatre groupes : Interconnecté (scores élevés de recherche et de soutien social reçu; 33 % de l’échantillon), Repoussé (scores élevés de recherche et scores bas de soutien social reçu; 12 %), Pris en charge (scores élevés de soutien social reçu, scores bas de recherche) et Isolé (scores bas de recherche et de soutien social reçu; 39 %). Résultats : En contrôlant pour l’âge, le sexe et la victimisation, le groupe de soutien social était associé aux capacités de création de sens, aux forces interpersonnelles et d’autorégulation, ainsi qu’avec chacun des indicateurs de fonctionnement, sauf les symptômes de trauma. Le groupe Isolé a obtenu des scores plus bas sur chacune des échelles de mesure et le groupe Interconnecté a obtenu les plus hauts scores sur 19 des 20 échelles. Les profils mixtes ont obtenu des scores entre ces deux extrêmes. Notamment, le groupe Repoussé a rapporté des scores plus élevés pour plusieurs forces ainsi que le bien-être spirituel non-théiste que le groupe Pris en charge. Les scores du groupe Pris en charge n’étaient jamais significativement plus élevés que ceux du groupe Repoussé. Implications : Les compétences individuelles et les attitudes favorables à la recherche d’aide pourraient avoir plus d’impact que le soutien social fourni par les autres. Les participants du groupe Repoussé pourraient exploiter d’autres forces quand l’environnement social est non favorable.
Le programme Namaste, une psychothérapie de groupe basée sur le yoga pour les jeunes ayant un vécu de trauma complexe: une série d’étude de cas
Authors: Bruneau-Bherer Rosee , Tremblay Sara , Matte-Landry Alexandra , Pépin Camille , Collin-Vézina Delphine
Published: October 2020

Introduction : Les enfants qui ont un vécu des traumas complexes sont à risque de développer de graves difficultés d’attachement, d’autorégulation et de comportement. Des études exploratoires démontrent que la pratique du yoga permet d’améliorer leur fonctionnement et diminuer leurs symptômes d’internalisation et d’externalisation. Objectifs : Le programme Namaste, une adaptation du manuel « Yoga-Based Psychotherapy » (Beltran et al. 2014) vise l’amélioration de l’autorégulation et de la santé mentale. Cette étude a pour objectif de documenter ses effets chez les enfants qui ont vécu des traumas complexes. Méthode : Douze séances ont été animées auprès d’enfants âgés de 6 à 13 ans suivis par un centre de protection de l’enfance. Les séances combinaient des postures de yoga, des exercices de respiration, et d’autres activités favorisant l’autorégulation et la socialisation. Le fonctionnement et les symptômes des enfants ont été mesurés avec le questionnaire BASC-3 avant et après l’intervention. Deux études de cas détaillées décrivent les impacts potentiels de cette intervention. Résultats : Les deux études de cas démontrent des impacts positifs sur les symptômes d’internalisation et d’externalisation ainsi que l’autorégulation, mais aucun effet sur l’estime de soi et les compétences sociales. Implications : Le programme Namaste pourrait être une intervention prometteuse pour améliorer le fonctionnement et réduire les symptômes psychologiques chez cette population. L’intégration des principes du yoga sensible aux traumas, la modalité de groupe et l’accent mis sur l’autorégulation semblent des éléments-clés. D’autres études de plus grande envergure sont nécessaires pour confirmer les impacts positifs potentiels de cette intervention.
Exploring resilience in the affect regulation of family violence-exposed adolescents
Authors: Maurer Katherine
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The study explores the presence of the three components of Ungar’s (2019) biopsychosocial process definition of resilience in the context of family violence-exposed adolescents’ descriptions of affect regulation when experiencing high affect arousal. Methods: A convenience sample of 16 youth, age 15-25 with histories of family psychological, and/or physical violence exposure, completed semi-structured qualitative interviews describing affect regulation during arousal states in past stressful situations. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Utilising deductive framework analysis, predefined thematic coding was conducted in NVivo. Results: Rich descriptions were generated of youth’s adaptive capacities to regulate affect while under stress. We explored the presence of the three components of Ungar’s (2019) resilience definition in the data: 1) Risk affect regulation during hyper-/hypo-arousal states, 2) Navigation of access to and negotiation for meaningful promotive and protective internal and external factors, and 3) Resilience outcomes of recovery, adaptation, and transformation. The framework analysis of Ungar’s (2019) resilience definition illuminated differential interactions between adolescents and access to resources in their environments. Despite some resource deficits, participants demonstrated adaptive resilience when regulating affect. Implications: Ungar’s (2019) process resilience definition highlights the interconnection between youth’s resource needs and the capacity of their environments to provide them to enhance resilience. Results suggest that interventions to increase resilience should incorporate the full biopsychosocial ecological process model with a focus on regulation capacity. The knowledge gained from youth perspectives of affect regulation processes is directly applicable to complex trauma-informed interventions to increase self-regulation and resilience while reducing behavioural reactivity for violence-exposed adolescents.
A PROJECT TO CREATE PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMING PERSONAL IDENTITY OF MODERN YOUNG STUDENTS IN THE NETWORK SPACE
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University, Vasilkova N.А.
Published: October 2020

The paper studies the factors on which pedagogical conditions for overcoming the crisis of personal identity of modern student youth in the network space depend. The scientific approaches to the analysis of the concept and the process of forming the personal identity of modern student youth in a network space are determined. The features of educational content that ensure the updating of life-meaning issues of modern student youth, the design and assimilation of the image of a person of culture as an axiological basis for building an image of one’s own life are revealed. The features of the teacher’s educational position in the process of network interaction with students in the implementation of educational content based on the advantages of network technologies in the implementation of a single concept of the process of formation of personal identity are studied. The use of crowdsourcing network technology in the process of formation and broadcasting of educational content, which determines the formation of personal qualities that ensure overcoming the crisis of personal identity of modern students is methodologically and technologically justified.