bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of high-resolution FEROS spectroscopy for a sample of variable B-type stars assembled from TESS photometry,
Authors: Gebruers Sarah , Tkachenko Andrew , Bowman Dominic M. , Van Reeth Timothy , Burssens Siemen , IJspeert Luc , Mahy Laurent , Straumit Ilya , Xiang Maosheng , Rix Hans-Walter , Aerts Conny
Published: July 2022

Context.Spectroscopic data are necessary to break degeneracies in the asteroseismic modelling of the interior structure in high- and intermediate-mass stars. With the TESS mission, the number of bright intermediate-mass B-type stars with long photometric light curves that are suitable for detailed asteroseismic studies has increased substantially compared to the pre-TESS era.

Aims.We derive precise photospheric stellar parameters for a sample of 166 B-type stars with TESS light curves through a homogeneous spectroscopic analysis. The variability types of these sample stars are also classified based on all currently available TESS sectors, and they are ultimately prioritised according to their astrophysical potential.

Methods.We obtained high-resolution spectra for all 166 targets with the FEROS spectrograph in the context of a large program. The spectra were reduced with the CERES pipeline, which we adapted to improve the quality of the reduced spectra. These spectra were subsequently analysed with ZETA-PAYNE, a machine-learning-based spectrum analysis algorithm, to infer precise stellar labels for all stars in the sample. Furthermore, the least-squares deconvolution (LSD) method was employed to investigate spectral line profile variability (LPV) and isolate binary systems from presumably single stars.

Results.The LSD profile analysis identified 26 spectroscopic double-lined binaries; the remainder of the sample are 42 supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy and 98 Galactic stars, both with and without apparent LPV. For the Galactic single stars and single-lined spectroscopic binaries, we determine their five main surface parameters: effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (logg), global metallicity ([M/H]), projected rotational velocity (vsini), and microturbulent velocity (ξ) with average formal precisions of 70 K, 0.03 dex, 0.07 dex, 8 km s−1, and 0.7 km s−1, respectively. The average internal uncertainties we find for FEROS spectra with our spectrum analysis method are 430 K(Teff), 0.12 dex (logg), 0.13 dex ([M/H]), 12kms−1(vsini), and 2 kms−1(ξ).

Conclusions.We find spectroscopic evidence that 8 of the 98 galactic single or SB1 variables are fast-rotating gravity-mode pulsators occurring in between the slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars andδScuti instability strips. Theg-mode frequencies of these pulsators are shifted to relatively high frequency values due to their rotation, and their apparently too lowTeffrelative to the SPB instability region can in most cases be explained by the gravity darkening effect. We also discover 13 new HgMn stars in the Galactic sample of which only one is found in a spectroscopic binary, resulting in a biased and therefore unreliable low binary rate of only 8%.
Higher differentiability results in the scale of Besov Spaces to a class of double-phase obstacle problems
Authors: Giuseppe Grimaldi Antonio , Ipocoana Erica
Published: July 2022

We study the higher fractional differentiability properties of the gradient of the solutions to variational obstacle problems of the form
$\min \left\{ {\int_\Omega {F\left( {x,w,Dw} \right){\rm{d}}x\,:\,w\, \in \,{\kappa _\psi }\left( \Omega \right)} } \right\},$

with F double phase functional of the form
$F\left( {x,\,w,\,z} \right) = b\left( {x,w} \right)\left( {{{\left| z \right|}^p} + a\left( x \right){{\left| z \right|}^q}} \right),$

where Ω is a bounded open subset of ℝn, ψ ∈ W1,p(Ω) is a fixed function called obstacle and = {w ∈ W1,P(Ω) : w ≥ ψ a.e. in Ω} is the class of admissible functions. Assuming that the gradient of the obstacle belongs to a suitable Besov space, we are able to prove that the gradient of the solution preserves some fractional differentiability property.
Messinvarianz und Validität der Kurzform des Bielefelder
Fragebogens zu Partnerschaftserwartungen (BFPE12)
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Lutz Wolfgang , Rafaeli Eshkol , Uhl Jessica
Published: July 2022

Die Kurzform des Bielefelder Fragebogens zu Partnerschaftserwartungen (BFPE12)
misst drei partnerbezogene Bindungsskalen: Akzeptanzprobleme,
Öffnungsbereitschaft und Zuwendungsbedürfnis. Die vorliegende
Studie untersuchte Messinvarianz und Validität des BFPE12 anhand einer
klinischen (N=102) und einer nicht-klinische Stichprobe
(N=106). Neben dem BFPE12 wurden erhoben: Kurzform des
Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised (ECR-RD8), Outcome
Questionnaire (OQ-30), revidiertes Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI-II),
Soziale-Phobie-Inventar (SPIN) und
Prüfungsängstlichkeitsinventar (TAI-G). Die Faktorenstruktur
wurde mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse (CFA), die interne Konsistenz
der Skalen mittels McDonald’s ω, die Messinvarianz mittels eines
Zwei-Gruppen-Strukturgleichungsmodellen und die Validität mittels
Korrelations- und Regressionsanalysen untersucht. Die Faktorenstruktur konnte in
beiden Stichproben bestätigt werden (CFI>0,93; TLI>0,93;
RMSEA<0,08; SRMR<0,08). Die Reliabilität der drei Skalen
war in beiden Stichproben akzeptabel (ω>0,7) – mit
Ausnahme des Zuwendungsbedürfnisses in der nicht-klinischen Stichprobe.
Modellvergleiche legen konfigurale, metrische und skalare Messinvarianz bzgl.
des Faktors klinisch versus nicht-klinisch nahe. Im Sinne der konvergenten
Validität waren Akzeptanzprobleme und Zuwendungsbedürfnis
erwartungskonform mit bindungsbezogenen Ängsten
(r=0,771und r=0,539, p<0,001) und
geringe Öffnungsbereitschaft mit bindungsbezogener Vermeidung
(r=− 0,704, p<0,001) assoziiert.
Insgesamt ist der BFPE12 als reliables und valides Instrument zur Messung
partnerschaftlicher Bindungsaspekte in klinischen und nicht-klinischen
Stichproben zu bewerten.
The Potential of Electrical Stimulation and Smart Textiles for
Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Engler Babette , Tselmin Sergey , Ziehl Doreen , Weigmann Ingo , Birkenfeld Andreas , Bornstein Stefan R. , Barthel Andreas , Drechsel Tina , Zippenfennig Claudio , Milani Thomas , Perakakis Nikolaos
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent diseases in the general population.
Electrical stimulation is a treatment modality based on the transmission of
electrical pulses into the body that has been widely used for improving wound
healing and for managing acute and chronic pain. Here, we discuss recent
advancements in electroceuticals and haptic/smart devices for quality of
life and present in which patients and how electrical stimulation may prove to
be useful for the treatment of diabetes-related complications.
Factors Associated with Nontraumatic Spontaneous Subdural Hematomas in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Aydın Serdar Onur , Etli Mustafa Umut , Köylü Reha Can , Varol Eyüp , Yaltırık Cumhur Kaan , Ramazanoğlu Ali Fatih
Published: July 2022

Objective In our study, we aimed to summarize the etiology of subdural hematoma that was not traumatic and required operation in pediatric patients. The subdural hematoma characteristics, possible etiologies, and treatment, as well as the patient outcomes, were analyzed.

Methods A retrospective examination was made of pediatric patients with subdural hematoma who were operated on at Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital. Patients with a history of trauma were excluded. Data on patient sex, age, bleeding location, type of hematoma based on computed tomography imaging, surgical treatment, presenting symptoms, presence of comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale, thrombocyte counts, and international normalized ratio values were recorded.

Results Of the 19 patients included in the study, 4 were female and 15 were male. Their ages ranged between 0 and 15 (mean = 5.84) years. In 57.8% of the patients, comorbidities, including acute myeloid leukemia, a history of shunt operation, epilepsy, mucopolysaccharidosis, known subdural effusion, autism, coagulopathy, ventricular septal defect/tetralogy of Fallot, cerebrospinal fluid leakage after baclofen pump administration, Marfan's syndrome, and late neonatal sepsis were present, while 21% had arachnoid cysts and 21% had no reported comorbidities.

Conclusion This study suggests that, in pediatric patients with subdural hematoma with an amount of bleeding requiring surgical management, any underlying comorbidities should be investigated regardless of the presence of a history of trauma. While investigating systemic diseases, special attention should be paid to the presence of arachnoid cysts or disruption in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics along with a history of hematologic diseases.
Necrose avascular pós-cirurgia de Dunn modificada no tratamento do escorregamento da epífise proximal do fêmur*
Authors: Valenza Weverley , Soni Jamil , Przysiada Laís , Faggion Heloísa
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Analisar a incidência da necrose avascular da epífise no tratamento do escorregamento da epífise proximal do fêmur pela técnica de Dunn modificada, correlacionando-a com outras variáveis. Como objetivo secundário, descrevemos outras complicações encontradas.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com 20 pacientes tratados entre 2009 e 2019, com seguimento de 2 a 12 anos, tratados pela mesma equipe cirúrgica. A análise incluiu características gerais, tempo entre apresentação e procedimento cirúrgico, classificação, presença de perfusão sanguínea intraoperatória da epífise, avaliação das complicações e seus respectivos tratamentos.

Resultados Todos os casos eram graves, 65% crônicos agudizados e 55% dos escorregamentos eram instáveis. Nossa taxa de complicações foi de 45%, sendo 5 casos de necrose avascular, 2 de infecção profunda, uma falha do material e uma instabilidade articular. Pacientes operados com maior tempo após a internação e os sem perfusão intraoperatória da epífise tiveram maior risco de necrose na análise estatística. Considerando o tempo do estudo, tivemos 4 casos de necrose nos primeiros 5 anos e 1 caso nos últimos 5 anos.

Conclusão Nosso estudo demonstrou que a necrose foi a complicação mais comum e que o atraso para a realização da cirurgia e a ausência de perfusão da epífise no intraoperatório podem predispor à necrose avascular. Embora não estatisticamente significante, a instabilidade coxofemoral foi observada na forma de apresentação crônica e a fixação cirúrgica com fios rosqueados se mostrou menos eficaz que a fixação com parafuso canulado.

Este procedimento deve ser reservado para casos graves nos quais outras técnicas não sejam possíveis e realizado por equipe experiente, treinada e capacitada.
Pseudoartrose atrófica é um termo incorreto? – Um estudo hospitalar transversal prospectivo
Authors: Chaudhari Sandeep Kumar , Dhingra Mohit , Joshi Prashant
Published: July 2022

Objetivo O presente estudo estimou a proporção de avascularidade histológica das extremidades das fraturas em caso de pseudoartrose de ossos longos.

Métodos No total, 15 casos de pseudoartrose quiescente estabelecida foram operados de acordo com o protocolo padrão e as extremidades da fratura foram avaliadas histologicamente. Em resumo, o tecido biopsiado foi fixado em formalina e embebido em parafina (FFPE); secções de 5 mícrons foram coradas com hematoxilina e eosina de acordo com os protocolos padrões. A imunohistoquímica com anticorpo anti-CD31 (clone JC70A, DBS) foi realizada manualmente segundo protocolos padrões.

Resultados Todos os casos de pseudoartrose quiescente foram incluídos; 2 eram de pseudoartrose oligotrófica e 13 eram de pseudoartrose atrófica à radiologia. Destes, 20% eram de pacientes do sexo feminino, 40% de indivíduos entre 31 e 40 anos de idade e todos os casos eram de pseudoartrose atrófica à radiologia. Todos os casos eram positivos para CD-31 à imunohistoquímica. A densidade dos vasos sanguíneos era de categoria I em 13,33% dos casos e de categoria II em 86,67%. Quatro casos apresentavam inflamação branda e dois apresentavam inflamação moderada. O número médio de vasos era de 10 por campo de alta potência na faixa etária de 20 a 30, de 31 a 40 e de 41 a 50 anos. A faixa etária de 61 a 70 anos apresentava, em média, 4 vasos por campo de alta potência. A diferença nos números de vasos em pseudoarthroses oligotróficas e atróficas não foi significativa. Não houve correlação entre a densidade de vasos e a duração da pseudoartrose.

Conclusão A nomenclatura de classificação da pseudoartrose em atrófica, oligotrófica e hipertrófica precisa ser revista. Nossos achados não indicam que a pseudoartrose atrófica e oligotrófica sejam histologicamente diferentes.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: From 1972 to 2022 and Beyond
Authors: George James N.
Published: July 2022

This review tells the story of my personal experience with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). It begins with my first encounter with TTP 50 years ago when 2 sisters presented 2 years apart, both pregnant and both died. At that time, I knew nothing about hereditary TTP (hTTP), the risks of pregnancy, or effective treatments. In 1991, a year after I moved to Oklahoma, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was established as an effective treatment. With the availability of effective treatment, the number of patients presenting with suspected TTP soared. The diagnosis of TTP was imprecise. I worked with the Oklahoma Blood Institute (OBI) to understand the management of TTP. Because the OBI provided all TPE procedures for most of Oklahoma, we saw all consecutive patients within a defined geographic area who were identified at a uniform time early in the course of their TTP, without selection or referral bias. It was an inception cohort; this became the Oklahoma TTP Registry. In 2001, we began a very successful collaboration with the University of Bern, Switzerland, to measure ADAMTS13 activity in all of our patients. From our patients, we learned that acquired, autoimmune TTP (iTTP) is a chronic disease with risks for cognitive impairment and depression. Recognition in 2012 of three sisters with hTTP was reminiscent of the beginning of my story. hTTP has risks for multiple severe morbidities, beginning at birth and especially during pregnancy. Future management of both iTTP and hTTP will be more effective and more convenient.
Investigação do efeito do fator de crescimento epidérmico recombinante humano na cicatrização do manguito rotador: Um modelo experimental
Authors: Gulcu Anil , Turhan Egemen , Aslan Ahmet , Çaylı Sevil , Alimogullari Ebru , Akcan Gülben
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Investigar a eficácia do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGF) recombinante humano na cicatrização da lesão do manguito rotador no ombro de coelhos.

Métodos As rupturas do manguito rotador (RMRs) foram criadas experimentalmente em ambos os ombros de 20 coelhos Nova Zelândia. Os coelhos foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: RMR (grupo controle; n = 5), RMR + EGF (grupo EGF; n = 5), RMR + reparo transósseo (grupo reparo; n = 5) e RMR + EGF + reparo transósseo (grupo reparo combinado + EGF; n = 5). Todos os coelhos foram observados por 3 semanas, e amostras de biópsias foram coletadas do ombro direito na 3ª semana. Após mais 3 semanas de observação, todos os coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia, e uma amostra de biópsia foi coletada dos ombros esquerdos. Todo o material de biópsia foi corado com hematoxilina e eosina (H&E) para avaliação de vascularidade, celularidade, proporção de fibras e número de células fibrocartilaginosas à microscopia óptica.

Resultados O grupo reparo combinado + EGF apresentou a maior quantidade e a sequência mais regular de colágeno. O grupo reparo e o grupo EGF apresentaram maior atividade fibroblástica e formação capilar em comparação ao grupo controle, mas a maior atividade fibroblástica e a formação capilar com maior vascularidade foram detectadas no grupo reparo combinado + EGF (p < 0,001). O EGF parece melhorar a cicatrização da ferida no reparo da RMR. A aplicação isolada de EGF, mesmo sem cirurgia reparadora, parece melhorar a cicatrização da RMR.

Conclusão Além do reparo da RMR, a aplicação de EGF recombinante humano auxilia a cicatrização do manguito rotador dos ombros de coelhos.
All-Arthroscopic Foveal Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tendon Reconstruction
Authors: Tang Camelia Q. Y. , Jiang Jackson K. H. , Chin Andrew Y. H. , Choudhury Muntasir M.
Published: July 2022

Background In symptomatic chronic injury of ulnar-sided tear of the triangular fibrocartilage complex, reconstruction techniques involving foveal reconstruction with palmaris longus tendon graft using the method described by Bain have been described with good outcomes.

Description of Technique With increasing popularity of wrist arthroscopy to address various wrist pathologies, we present our technique of arthroscopic foveal reconstruction. We also include a step-by-step description of the procedure with illustrations, with aims to aid surgeons in executing it

Conclusion Unlike other arthroscopic techniques described, this involves single osseous ulnar tunnel and performed completely arthroscopically, allowing an end result similar to Bain's open technique.
Simulating turbine wakes in floating offshore wind farms
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2022

Movable turbine structures introduce additional complexity into wake models.
Effect of electric field on water free energy in graphene nanochannel
Authors: Huang Dezhao , Wu Shiwen , Xiong Guoping , Luo Tengfei
Published: July 2022

Graphene nanochannels and nanostructures have been of great interest to applications like nanofluidics and solar-thermal evaporation since nanoconfinement can lead to altered liquid properties. In this article, we employ molecular dynamics simulations combined with the free energy perturbation method to study the influence of external electric fields on the free energy of water molecules in graphene nanochannels. We observe a decrease in the water free energy difference (ΔG1−0=G0−G1, where 0 is the reference vacuum state and 1 is the solvated state) with the increasing electric field, suggesting that the application of an electric field may reduce the thermal energy needed to evaporate water from graphene nanochannels. Our analysis reveals that the reduction in free energy difference is related to more aligned water molecules along the electric field direction in the nanochannels, which leads to a decrease in the water inter-molecular potential energy and, thus, reduces the free energy difference.
TCAD augmented generative adversarial network for hot-spot detection and mask-layout optimization in a large area HARC etching process
Authors: Kwon Hyoungcheol , Huh Hyunsuk , Seo Hwiwon , Han Songhee , Won Imhee , Sue Jiwoong , Oh Dongyean , Iza Felipe , Lee Seungchul , Park Sung Kye , Cha Seonyong
Published: July 2022

Cost-effective vertical etching of plug holes and word lines is crucial in enhancing 3D NAND device manufacturability. Even though multiscale technology computer-aided design (TCAD) methodology is suitable for effectively predicting etching processes and optimizing recipes, it is highly time-consuming. This article demonstrates that our deep learning platform called TCAD-augmented Generative Adversarial Network can reduce the computational load by 2 600 000 times. In addition, because well-calibrated TCAD data based on physical and chemical mutual reactions are used to train the platform, the etching profile can be predicted with the same accuracy as TCAD-only even when the actual experimental data are scarce. This platform opens up new applications, such as hot spot detection and mask layout optimization, in a chip-level area of 3D NAND fabrication.
Prospects and applications of volatile memristors
Authors: Kim Dahye , Jeon Beomki , Lee Yunseok , Kim Doohyung , Cho Youngboo , Kim Sungjun
Published: July 2022

Since research on artificial intelligence has begun receiving much attention, interest in efficient hardware that can process a complex and large amount of information has also increased. The existing von Neumann computing architecture has significant limitations in terms of speed and energy efficiency. Volatile memristors are the most promising among several emerging memory semiconductor devices, because they have various features suitable for neuro-inspired applications. Therefore, a comprehensive review of volatile memristors is urgently needed for future research. Herein, we present the physical interpretation and latest research trends of the switching mechanisms of volatile memristors. We also review diverse promising applications using volatile memristors. In particular, we focus on selectors for array structures, synaptic devices for neuromorphic engineering, imitation of nociceptors, and reservoir computing for time-dependent input data processing. Finally, we discuss the future directions of volatile memristors and their applications.
Dynamical conductance measurement of single molecular junctions with both high-speed and high-precision
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Zhao Zhikai , Zhao Xueyan , Wang Maoning , Zhao Tianran , Xiang Dong
Published: July 2022

Real-time and rapid monitoring of the electron transport in nanoscale structures is critical for understanding many fundamental phenomena. However, it is not possible to rapidly record the dynamical current that varied across several orders of magnitude by using a typical linear low-noise current-to-voltage converter due to its fixed gain. In addition, it faces a great challenge in carrying out a dynamical small current measurement by using a commercial source-monitor unit device with both high-precision and high-speed because a high-precision measurement normally requests long integration time, while high-speed sampling demands short integration time. To overcome these challenges, we designed a measurement system with an integrated logarithmic amplifier, which can convert the current/conductance signal (varied across eight orders of magnitude) into an output voltage signal (varied within only one order of magnitude). We successfully applied it for the dynamical conductance measurement of single molecular break junctions in which the current rapidly changed from milliampere (mA) to picoampere (pA) within tens of milliseconds under a fixed bias voltage. It is demonstrated that the intrinsic conductance can be determined accurately independent of the applied bias and the real-time dynamical conductance traces can be precisely recorded with a high-speed sampling ratio. This logarithmic amplifier design and home-made measurement system provide a way to realize a fast measurement (30 kHz) for a rapidly varied current (mA–pA), making it suitable for the characterization of single-molecule junctions during the break process, and show potential for a wide application far beyond molecule electronics.
Bubble growth in water vortex unit and its effect on suction force
Authors: Lyu Xinrui , Li Xin
Published: July 2022

The vortex unit is a non-contact negative pressure generating mechanism. It blows high-pressure fluid tangentially into a cylindrical chamber through several nozzles to form a swirling flow and relies on the centrifugal inertial effect of the swirling flow to generate negative pressure and suction force. To date, all related studies and applications have used compressed air as the working fluid. Because the density of water is much greater than that of air, in this study, water was used as the working fluid to greatly improve the centrifugal inertial effect of the swirling flow. Based on this innovative idea, the swirling flow of the vortex unit with water as the working fluid was investigated through experiments. A convergence-growth-stabilization phenomenon of bubbles was discovered, and the effect of the converged central bubble on the central pressure and suction force was elucidated. The mechanism of the gap height and flow rate on the converged central bubble and suction force was also studied. The reason for the formation of the converged central bubble is that the negative pressure causes the gas to evolve out of the water, and the dispersed tiny bubbles move to the center of the vortex chamber under the influence of centrifugal inertia to form a large bubble. This study provides new research directions and usages of the vortex unit and provides important basic knowledge for further research.
Effect of yaw angle on vibration mode transition and wake structure of a near-wall flexible cylinder
Authors: Zhang Zhimeng , Ji Chunning , Xu Dong , Zhu Hongjun , Derakhshandeh Javad Farrokhi , Chen Weilin
Published: July 2022

The multi-mode transition and vortex structures in the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a near-wall flexible cylinder under different yaw angles are investigated through three-dimensional direct numerical simulation. Yaw angles α = 0°–60°, gap ratio G/D = 0.8, and Re = 500 are adopted. With the increase in α, the dominated vibration mode decreases from the 6th to 1st mode in the in-line (IL) direction and the 3rd to 2nd mode in the cross-flow (CF) direction. For the IL vibration, no mode transition occurs at α = 0°, whereas frequently mode transition is observed at α > 0°, due to the intermittent participation and spanwise competition of different modes, thus showing an intensified traveling-wave characteristic. For the CF vibration, mode transition is not excited at any α case even with spanwise mode competitions, due to the significant weight of the dominated mode, thus showing a strong standing-wave characteristic. The asymmetrical distributions of vibration displacements and force coefficients are established because of irregular energy transfer along the span. The spanwise vortex tubes at α = 0°–30° are separated into several cells associated with the dominated vibration mode, showing a locally parallel vortex shedding. However, positively yawed and negatively yawed vortex shedding are observed at α = 45° and 60°, respectively. The vortex strengths vary along the cylinder, where large-scale and small-scale vortices are observed at the CF anti-node and node planes, respectively. The independence principle is only valid at α < 15° for predicting the multi-mode vibrations and hydrodynamics, significantly reduced from that of α < 45° in the wall-free case or the mono-mode VIV case.
Permutation invariant polynomial neural network based diabatic ansatz for the (E + A) × (e + a) Jahn–Teller and Pseudo-Jahn–Teller systems
Authors: Guan Yafu , Yarkony David R. , Zhang Dong H.
Published: July 2022

In this work, the permutation invariant polynomial neural network (PIP-NN) approach is employed to construct a quasi-diabatic Hamiltonian for system with non-Abelian symmetries. It provides a flexible and compact NN-based diabatic ansatz from the related approach of Williams, Eisfeld, and co-workers. The example of H3+ is studied, which is an (E + A) × (e + a) Jahn–Teller and Pseudo-Jahn–Teller system. The PIP-NN diabatic ansatz is based on the symmetric polynomial expansion of Viel and Eisfeld, the coefficients of which are expressed with neural network functions that take permutation-invariant polynomials as input. This PIP-NN-based diabatic ansatz not only preserves the correct symmetry but also provides functional flexibility to accurately reproduce ab initio electronic structure data, thus resulting in excellent fits. The adiabatic energies, energy gradients, and derivative couplings are well reproduced. A good description of the local topology of the conical intersection seam is also achieved. Therefore, this diabatic ansatz completes the PIP-NN based representation of DPEM with correct symmetries and will enable us to diabatize even more complicated systems with complex symmetries.
Phase stable, shot-to-shot measurement of third- and fifth-order two-quantum correlation spectra using a pulse shaper in the pump–probe geometry
Authors: Farrell Kieran M. , Zanni Martin T.
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the first phase stable measurement of a third-order 2Q spectrum using a pulse shaper in the pump–probe geometry. This measurement was achieved by permuting the time-ordering of the pump pulses, thus rearranging the signal pathways that are emitted in the probe direction. The third-order 2Q spectrum is self-heterodyned by the probe pulse. Using this method, one can interconvert between a 1Q experiment and a 2Q experiment by simply reprogramming a pulse shaper or delay stage. We also measure a fifth-order absorptive 2Q spectrum in the pump–probe geometry, which contains similar information as a third-order experiment but does not suffer from dispersive line shapes. To do so, we introduce methods to minimize saturation-induced artifacts of the pulse shaper, improving fifth-order signals. These techniques add new capabilities for 2D spectrometers that use pulse shapers in the pump–probe beam geometry.
Effect of viscosity on surface acoustic wave driven collective particle dynamics in sessile droplets: Cloud, cavities, and aggregates
Authors: Song Shuren , Zhou Jia , Riaud Antoine
Published: July 2022

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can concentrate micro-particles in droplets within seconds. Yet, the mechanism is not clear and existing explanations fail by several orders of magnitude. In this paper, we analyze the effect of fluid viscosity and particle size on SAW-driven collective particle dynamics in droplets. In most of our experiments, the particles do not aggregate but instead remain away from the droplet center, thereby forming “cavities.” We show that the cavities are due to steric hindrance wherein the poloidal streamlines that should drive particles to the center of the droplet come too close to the solid, so that the particles carried along these streamlines touch the solid wall on the edge of the cavity before reaching the center of the droplet. The size of these cavities is correlated with the size of the aggregates formed in less viscous droplets. This suggests a common formation mechanism for cavities and aggregates. In the former, the particles touching the solid would be washed away by the fluid, whereas in the latter, the particles would remain in contact with the solid and roll to the center of the droplet where an aggregate is formed. We also discuss the stability conditions of the aggregate at the bottom of the droplet. The concept of hydrodynamic shielding is then used to concentrate 1 μm particles using 10 μm beads as shields.
Evolution of the cavity in a particle dispersion triggered by laser-induced breakdown
Authors: Han Kyuho , Oh Sungkyun , Do Hyungrok , Hwang Wontae
Published: July 2022

Focusing a laser beam to a spot within a particle-laden air flow can cause laser-induced breakdown, which generates a spherically expanding shockwave and ensuing hot gas vortex (HGV). This can cause an initially uniform spatial distribution of static particles to be scattered non-homogeneously, creating a particle void region (or cavity). High-speed schlieren imaging has been applied to investigate the propagation of this shockwave and deformation of the HGV. Evolution of the particle distribution has been captured by a high-speed camera. It has been found that the cavity evolves over three temporal phases: expansion, distortion, and separation. The cavity is first created as the shockwave expels the particles in the radial direction. Next, the cavity is distorted by the HGV and then separates into smaller cavities before finally disappearing due to mixing from the HGV. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the cavity and the mechanism by which it changes in each phase are discussed. Experiments were conducted at three different breakdown energies of 15, 49, and 103 mJ. Propagation speed of the shockwave and the size and strength of the HGV are found to be the main factors controlling this phenomenon.
Operando reaction cell for high energy surface sensitive x-ray diffraction and reflectometry
Authors: Gleißner R. , Beck E. E. , Chung Simon , Semione G. D. L. , Mukharamova N. , Gizer G. , Pistidda C. , Renner D. , Noei H. , Vonk V. , Stierle A.
Published: July 2022

A proof of concept is shown for the design of a high pressure heterogeneous catalysis reaction cell suitable for surface sensitive x-ray diffraction and x-ray reflectometry over planar samples using high energy synchrotron radiation in combination with mass spectrometry. This design enables measurements in a pressure range from several tens to hundreds of bars for surface investigations under realistic industrial conditions in heterogeneous catalysis or gaseous corrosion studies.
Intrinsic low-dimensional manifold (ILDM)-based concept for the coupling of turbulent mixing with manifold-based simplified chemistry for the turbulent flame simulation
Authors: Yu Chunkan , Shrotriya Prashant , Maas Ulrich
Published: July 2022

Manifold based simplified chemistry is an efficient reduction technique for the chemical kinetics, which aims to reduce the computational effort in numerical simulations. While the concept of reduced chemistry has been used for decades and various models have been developed up to now, their coupling with turbulent physical processes (e.g., mixing processes) has not been investigated extensively. This is attributed to the fact that the turbulent physical processes act as perturbation to the chemistry which pulls the thermo-kinetic states away from the manifold, and these states must relax back onto the manifold again. The present work gives insight into the coupling of reduced kinetic and the turbulent mixing processes. Accordingly, a strategy based on the Intrinsic Low-Dimensional Manifold concept is proposed. This coupling strategy is validated through the well-known Sandia Flame series. It is shown that the numerical results agree very well with those using detailed chemistry (no coupling model required) and experimental measurement. The suggested coupling strategy can be used for any manifold based simplified chemistry.
Extension of the two-layer model to heat transfer coefficient predictions of nanoporous Si thin films
Authors: Wang Sien , Chen Qiyu , Hao Qing
Published: July 2022

Heat exchange between a solid material and the gas environment is critical for the heat dissipation of miniature electronic devices. In this aspect, existing experimental studies focus on non-porous structures such as solid thin films, nanotubes, and wires. In this work, the proposed two-layer model for the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between a solid sample and the surrounding air is extended to 70-nm-thick nanoporous Si thin films that are patterned with periodic rectangular nanopores having feature sizes of 100–400 nm. The HTC values are extracted using the 3ω method based on AC self-heating of a suspended sample with better accuracy than steady-state measurements in some studies. The dominance of air conduction in the measured HTCs is confirmed by comparing measurements with varied sample orientations. The two-layer model, developed for nanotubes, is still found to be accurate when the nanoporous film is simply treated as a solid film in the HTC evaluation along with the radiative mean beam length as the characteristic length of the nanoporous film. This finding indicates the potential of increasing HTC by introducing ultra-fine nanoporous patterns, as guided by the two-layer model.
Plasma actuator effects on the flow physics of dynamic stall for a vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Zare Chavoshi Majid , Ebrahimi Abbas
Published: July 2022

Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbines have several advantages over other wind turbines for local electricity generation in urban environments. However, the main aerodynamic challenge is the negative impacts of the dynamic stall phenomenon on the turbine performance. This study numerically scrutinizes the effects of plasma actuators on the dynamic stall control and performance improvement of a Darrieus turbine. For this sake, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a pressure-based finite volume method. The Suzen–Hoang plasma actuator model is employed to calculate the body forces attributed to the plasma actuator. First, the dynamic stall characteristics of the turbine blade with no plasma actuator are explored. Then, three plasma actuator configurations (i.e., inboard, outboard, and double-sided) are considered. According to the results of the clean blade, the aerodynamic performance mainly depends on the reverse Karman vortex formation at the onset of the down-stroke motion and counterclockwise vortex formation on the blade suction side. The results of plasma configurations indicate that the inboard and double-sided actuators enhance the turbine power output by 10%, while the outboard actuator effects are negligible. Moreover, the plasma actuator is effective only in the down-stroke motion of the blade. Results also show that the inboard and double-sided plasma actuators eliminate the reverse Karman vortex and significantly reduce the counterclockwise vortex size, increasing the lift force and connection point moment. Consequently, the inboard and double-sided plasma actuators remove the negative torque generation in azimuth angles of 135° to 180°, primarily responsible for the output power enhancement.
Experimental study on propagation mode of rotating detonation wave with cracked kerosene gas and ambient temperature air
Authors: Han Jiaxiang , Bai Qiaodong , Zhang Shijian , Weng Chunsheng
Published: July 2022

In order to obtain propagation characteristics of a rotating detonation wave (RDW) of cracked kerosene gas (CKG) and ambient temperature air, a series of experiments were carried out at different cracking kerosene and air mass flow rates. The propagation mode of RDW was analyzed in detail, and the ignition range of CKG and air was evaluated. In the experiment, the propagation modes of rotating detonation mainly include the single rotating detonation wave (SRDW) mode, reversed single rotating detonation wave (RSRDW) mode, and mixed mode. In the mixed mode, SRDW and two-counter rotating detonation wave modes alternate. Combined with high-speed photography and pressure curve, the mechanism of mode transition of rotating detonation propagation is analyzed. The RSRDW mode is considered to be a transitional mode in the process of equivalence ratio change. The mixed mode is an unstable RDW propagation state due to the improper ratio of fuel and oxidizer. Based on a substantial number of experimental data, the ignition ranges of CKG are summarized. Under the experimental conditions in this paper, the equivalence ratio range of CKG that can be detonated is 0.63–0.99. RDW is favorable to be formed in the lean oil state. When the equivalence ratio is 0.99, the maximum RDW velocity is 1077.79 m/s. When the mass flow rate of cracking kerosene is 42 g/s, the ignition initiation range is widest. As the mass flow rate increases or decreases, the initiation range is gradually reduced.
Pair-partitioned bulk localized states induced by topological band inversion
Authors: Peng Peng , Liu Exian , Yan Bei , Peng Yuchen , Shi Aoqian , Xie Jianlan , Li Hang , Xiang Yuanjiang , Liu Jianjun
Published: July 2022

Photonic topological insulators have recently received widespread attention mainly due to their ability to provide directions in the development of photonic integration platforms. The proposal for a topological bulk cavity with a single-mode expands upon previous research works on topological cavities; thus, interest in topological edge states and corner states is beginning to shift into analysis on bulk properties and their applications. However, there remains a gap in research on a multi-mode cavity of the topological photonic crystals (PCs). In this Letter, a cavity of the topological PCs is proposed involving pair-partitioned bulk localized states (BLSs) from a two-dimensional inner and outer nested square lattice (2D IONSL), which can enable a multi-mode cavity for the topological PCs. First, the topological characteristics are described in terms of a Zak phase, and band inversions are achieved by changing the size of scatterers in the inner and outer circles that reside within the unit cell. Afterwards, analogous to the tight-binding model for electronic systems, the Hamiltonian and topological phase transition conditions of 2D IONSL PCs are derived. Furthermore, it is proposed that the demonstrated optical field reflection and confinement mechanism induced by topological band inversions due to the opposite parities of wavefunctions may lead to the phenomenon of pair-partitioned BLSs. This research increases the research works of bulk topological effects, creating a route for photonic integration platforms for near-infrared.
Identification of roadkill hotspots and the factors affecting wombat vehicle collisions using the citizen science tool, WomSAT
Authors: Mayadunnage S. , Stannard H. J. , West P. , Old J. M.
Published: July 2022

Roads directly impact wildlife through vehicle collisions. In Australia only a few studies have examined the impact of environmental characteristics on wombat roadkill. We analysed wombat roadkills reported into WomSAT, a website and application where citizen scientists can upload sightings of wombats, to map wombat roadkill across their distribution. We used Maxent software to identify the main factors influencing wombat roadkill hotspots. A total of 2391 wombat deaths on roads were reported by 567 citizen scientists from 2015 to 2019. More wombat roadkill deaths occurred in winter, with most unaffected by sarcoptic mange. The average daily solar exposure, distance to populated areas, precipitation of warmest quarter (bio 18), temperature seasonality (bio 4), and precipitation seasonality (bio 15) were identified as the main factors influencing wombat roadkill. The most roadkills reported per kilometre (3.7/km) occurred on Old Bega Road and Steeple Flat Road, in the New South Wales southern tablelands. Reduced reporting corresponded with a reduced number of citizen scientists continuing to report sightings over time, reflecting the limitations of the data collected by citizen scientists. However, data should continue to be collected by citizen scientists as it is an easy and low-cost method of collecting data over large areas, and can provide information to managers to support conservation efforts directed at reducing roadkill. Our study emphasises the need to continue to engage and reward citizen scientists for their efforts.
Enhancing agriculture recovery of
Authors: Hadjouti R. , Mohand Kaci H. , Benzina F. , Furze J. N.
Published: July 2022

Context The rhizosphere is an environment created by interactions between root exudates and microorganisms. Interactions are beneficial due to certain components having a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) effect. Aims This study consists of the isolation, screening of PGPR from the rhizosphere of Olea europaea L. of a Mediterranean climatic region in Algeria and the study of their effects on growth of two agronomic vegetables Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Cucurbita pepo L. Methods Based on their ability to produce the PGPR molecules indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphatase and siderophores, three rhizobacteria (S25, S75, and S79) were chosen for in vivo tests and capacity to produce the cell wall degrading enzymes chitinase, lipase, protease, glucanase, cellulase, and and phospholipase. They were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analysed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identification. Key results Bacterial strains identified as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis were able to enhance significantly germination of the two vegetables at P < 0.001. Vegetative parameters of C. pepo were significantly affected by the bacterial inoculation. We noted increases in stem length (P < 0.05), number of flowers (P < 0.01), and root length (P < 0.001). Conclusion The bacterial isolates of this study provide biological options in treatments originating from alternate hosts. Implications They provide hope for companion/intercrop planting schemes, leading to optimisation of agricultural yields in agroecological blends.
Effectiveness and costs of helicopter-based shooting of deer
Authors: Bengsen Andrew J. , Forsyth David M. , Pople Anthony , Brennan Michael , Amos Matt , Leeson Mal , Cox Tarnya E. , Gray Bec , Orgill Ollie , Hampton Jordan O. , Crittle Troy , Haebich Kym
Published: July 2022

Context Helicopter-based shooting has been widely used to harvest deer or control overabundant populations in Australasia, but the effectiveness and cost of this method as a deer control tool has seldom been evaluated. Aims We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of helicopter-based shooting of fallow deer (Dama dama) and chital deer (Axis axis) in eastern Australia by quantifying (1) reductions in density, (2) the relationship between numbers killed per hour and deer density (i.e. the functional response), (3) the costs of control and (4) the effort–outcome and cost–outcome relationships. Methods We evaluated the costs and effectiveness of 12 aerial shooting operations aiming to reduce fallow deer (n = 8) or chital deer (n = 4) population densities at nine sites in eastern Australia. Sites were characterised by fragmented woodland, and all but one operation aimed to reduce grazing competition with livestock. We used pre-control population density estimates and operational monitoring data to estimate the costs and outcomes of each operation. We combined data from all operations to estimate the relationship between shooting effort and population reduction, as well as costs associated with different levels of effort. Key results Population reductions for operations ranged from 5% to 75% for fallow deer, and from 48% to 88% for chital deer. The greatest population reductions occurred when effort per unit area was greatest, and the largest reductions in deer density occurred when shooting was conducted in consecutive years. The functional response of hourly kills to deer density was best described by a modified Ivlev model, with the asymptotic kill rate estimated to be 50 deer per hour. There was no support for the existence of a prey refuge, that is, a threshold population density below which no deer could be shot. Helicopter charter was the primary cost of helicopter-based shooting programs, followed by labour; firearm and ammunition costs were relatively minor. Conclusions Helicopter-based shooting can rapidly reduce deer populations over large geographic areas, but the magnitude of the reduction depends on the effort (hours of shooting) per deer per km2. Implications Aerial shooting operations should include a pre-control population survey so that (1) measurable objectives can be established, (2) the likely level of effort and cost required for objectives to be met can be estimated and planned for, and (3) the realised population reduction can be estimated.
Luxotonic signals in human prefrontal cortex as a possible substrate for effects of light on mood and cognition
Authors: Sabbah Shai , Worden Michael S. , Laniado Dimitrios D. , Berson David M. , Sanes Jerome N.
Published: July 2022

Studies with experimental animals have revealed a mood-regulating neural pathway linking intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Since humans also have light-intensity–encoding ipRGCs, we asked whether a similar pathway exists in humans. Here, functional MRI was used to identify PFC regions and other areas exhibiting light-intensity–dependent signals. We report 26 human brain regions having activation that either monotonically decreases or monotonically increases with light intensity. Luxotonic-related activation occurred across the cerebral cortex, in diverse subcortical structures, and in the cerebellum, encompassing regions with functions related to visual image formation, motor control, cognition, and emotion. Light suppressed PFC activation, which monotonically decreased with increasing light intensity. The sustained time course of light-evoked PFC responses and their susceptibility to prior light exposure resembled those of ipRGCs. These findings offer a functional link between light exposure and PFC-mediated cognitive and affective phenomena.