bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Time in the Management of the Weather and External Forces Hazard Regarding Mass Movements
Authors: Osorio Henry
Published: October 2017

The Weather and External Forces hazard (WEF) is considered in ASME B31.8 as a non-time-dependent hazard due to its random nature and the high uncertainty of the effects on pipelines given the occurrence of natural events, especially associated with hydro and geotechnical processes. Although there is a wide range of events associated with geological, hydrological and hydraulic conditions (among other things) that can affect a certain infrastructure, only a limited number of these geohazards can cause direct damage to hydrocarbon transportation infrastructure.

The identification and understanding of a ground failure process and its association with the susceptibility or physical fragility of the pipeline facing the potential adverse effects of a hazard event, allow to estimate the conditional probability of pipeline failure under loading stresses induced by the event and to estimate the actions needed to mitigate this hazard with methodologies ranging from approaches of structured expert knowledge to methods of structured analysis that incorporate incorporating subsurface investigation, detailed study of the results from terrain monitoring, pipeline and triggering agents through mechanical modeling.

This document presents a technical proposal for the management of geohazards which, due to the nature and characteristics of the instability processes and its relation with the activity of triggering agents, and the vulnerability of the pipeline, allow them to be analyzed as time dependent.
Pipeline Failure Probability From Geohazard Loading
Authors: Simpson David , Young Andy
Published: October 2017

Establishing pipeline failure frequencies enables designers and operators to make informed decisions on the allocation of resources to address different threats. Normally, this would involve the selection and timing of inspection, monitoring and protection activities. Typically, failure frequencies are defined based on the collection of historical statistics. This is difficult for geohazards due to the comparatively low incident rate compared to other hazards, however the consequences tend to be catastrophic. As a result, significant uncertainties are attached to predicted failure frequencies for geohazards.

Two principal areas of uncertainty cover the occurrence and nature of loading events and whether the pipeline will survive the loading. This paper addresses both of these key aspects. The occurrence and nature of loading can be determined from the examination of in-line inspection records through different terrains. The pipeline survival rate is based on the efficient execution of multiple analysis runs within a finite element code where the distributions of the key input variables are defined to cover either observed or potential variation in the field. These include landslide size, orientation, movement and soil stiffness values as well as considerations of tensile fracture limits. The calculation of the probability of pipeline failure due to landslide loading is illustrated using a case study.
Heating mechanisms of magnetized capacitively coupled argon plasmas excited by tailored voltage waveforms
Authors: Yang Shali , Innocenti Maria Elena , Zhang Ya , Yi Lin , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2017

By applying certain types of tailored voltage waveforms to magnetized capacitively coupled plasmas, a direct current self-bias voltage is generated as known. Heating mode transition is observed when the magnetic field increases. In the absence of magnetic field, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is an increasing deviation from the Maxwellian distribution as the number of harmonics changes from 1 to 5. When applying the magnetic field, the EEDF turns into the Maxwellian distribution and the negative power absorption disappears at the magnetic field of 100 G. In addition, the plasma density and ion flux can be largely increased by increasing the number of harmonics and the magnetic field strength, while the ion energy can be adjusted in a certain range at one electrode and be kept low and relatively constant at the other electrode. These results are consistent with previous studies and indicate that such a configuration will separately control the ion flux and ion energy, as well as expand the operational parameter spaces.
Auditory memory for random time patterns
Authors: Kang HiJee , Agus Trevor R. , Pressnitzer Daniel
Published: October 2017

The acquisition of auditory memory for temporal patterns was investigated. The temporal patterns were random sequences of irregularly spaced clicks. Participants performed a task previously used to study auditory memory for noise [Agus, Thorpe, and Pressnitzer (2010). Neuron 66, 610–618]. The memory for temporal patterns displayed strong similarities with the memory for noise: temporal patterns were learnt rapidly, in an unsupervised manner, and could be distinguished from statistically matched patterns after learning. There was, however, a qualitative difference from the memory for noise. For temporal patterns, no memory transfer was observed after time reversals, showing that both the time intervals and their order were represented in memory. Remarkably, learning was observed over a broad range of time scales, which encompassed rhythm-like and buzz-like temporal patterns. Temporal patterns present specific challenges to the neural mechanisms of plasticity, because the information to be learnt is distributed over time. Nevertheless, the present data show that the acquisition of novel auditory memories can be as efficient for temporal patterns as for sounds containing additional spectral and spectro-temporal cues, such as noise. This suggests that the rapid formation of memory traces may be a general by-product of repeated auditory exposure.
Evaluation of crack status in a meter-size concrete structure using the ultrasonic nonlinear coda wave interferometry
Authors: Legland Jean-Baptiste , Zhang Yuxiang , Abraham Odile , Durand Olivier , Tournat Vincent
Published: October 2017

The field of civil engineering is in need of new methods of non-destructive testing, especially in order to prevent and monitor the serious deterioration of concrete structures. In this work, experimental results are reported on fault detection and characterization in a meter-scale concrete structure using an ultrasonic nonlinear coda wave interferometry (NCWI) method. This method entails the nonlinear mixing of strong pump waves with multiple scattered probe (coda) waves, along with analysis of the net effect using coda wave interferometry. A controlled damage protocol is implemented on a post-tensioned, meter-scale concrete structure in order to generate cracking within a specific area being monitored by NCWI. The nonlinear acoustic response due to the high amplitude of acoustic modulation yields information on the elastic nonlinearities of concrete, as evaluated by two specific nonlinear observables. The increase in nonlinearity level corresponds to the creation of a crack with a network of microcracks localized at its base. In addition, once the crack closes as a result of post-tensioning, the residual nonlinearities confirm the presence of the closed crack. Last, the benefits and applicability of this NCWI method to the characterization and monitoring of large structures are discussed.
The Ultimatum Game in the College Football Rivalry Context
Authors: Mills Brian M. , Tainsky Scott , Green B. Christine , Leopkey Becca
Published: October 2017

Sport rivalries have been shown to increase the emotional intensity of fans, which not only can lead to higher levels of interest and involvement but can also escalate negative fan behaviors based on in-group/out-group distinctions. This study represents the first use of an experimental economics approach in sport management to understand the behaviors of rival sports fans. Specifically, the classic behavioral economics experiment, the ultimatum game, was used to test the willingness of rival fans to make their out-group counterparts worse off. Using a $10 stake, proposers offered approximately 8.7% less to rival fans than to in-group fans, while the probability that a responder accepted an offer—holding constant offer size—was approximately 7% lower when the proposer was a rival. Team identification had no effect on offers or acceptances. Implications for understanding rivalry in sport are discussed, and advantages of behavioral economics for sport management research are noted.
Synthesis of Heterologous Mevalonic Acid Pathway Enzymes in Clostridium ljungdahlii for the Conversion of Fructose and of Syngas to Mevalonate and Isoprene
Authors: Diner Bruce A. , Fan Janine , Scotcher Miles C. , Wells Derek H. , Whited Gregory M.
Published: October 2017

There is a growing interest in the use of microbial fermentation for the generation of high-demand, high-purity chemicals using cheap feedstocks in an environmentally friendly manner. One example explored here is the production of isoprene (C
5
H
8
), a hemiterpene, which is primarily polymerized to polyisoprene in synthetic rubber in tires but which can also be converted to C
10
and C
15
biofuels. The strictly anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium
Clostridium ljungdahlii
, used in all of the work described here, is capable of glycolysis using the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and of carbon fixation using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway.
Clostridium
-
Escherichia coli
shuttle plasmids, each bearing either 2 or 3 different heterologous genes of the eukaryotic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway or eukaryotic isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (Idi) and isoprene synthase (IspS), were constructed and electroporated into
C. ljungdahlii
. These plasmids, one or two of which were introduced into the host cells, enabled the synthesis of mevalonate and of isoprene from fructose and from syngas (H
2
, CO
2
, and CO) and the conversion of mevalonate to isoprene. All of the heterologous enzymes of the MVA pathway, as well as Idi and IspS, were shown to be synthesized at high levels in
C. ljungdahlii
, as demonstrated by Western blotting, and were enzymatically active, as demonstrated by
in vivo
product synthesis. The quantities of mevalonate and isoprene produced here are far below what would be required of a commercial production strain. However, proposals are made that could enable a substantial increase in the mass yield of product formation.

IMPORTANCE
This study demonstrates the ability to synthesize a heterologous metabolic pathway in
C. ljungdahlii
, an organism capable of metabolizing either simple sugars or syngas or both together (mixotrophy). Syngas, an inexpensive source of carbon and reducing equivalents, is produced as a major component of some industrial waste gas, and it can be generated by gasification of cellulosic biowaste and of municipal solid waste. Its conversion to useful products therefore offers potential cost and environmental benefits. The ability of
C. ljungdahlii
to grow mixotrophically also enables the recapture, should there be sufficient reducing equivalents available, of the CO
2
released upon glycolysis, potentially increasing the mass yield of product formation. Isoprene is the simplest of the terpenoids, and so the demonstration of its production is a first step toward the synthesis of higher-value products of the terpenoid pathway.
High-Quality Whole-Genome Sequences of the Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota Bacterial Community
Authors: Garzetti Debora , Brugiroux Sandrine , Bunk Boyke , Pukall Rüdiger , McCoy Kathy D. , Macpherson Andrew J. , Stecher Bärbel
Published: October 2017

The Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota (Oligo-MM
12
) is a community of 12 mouse intestinal bacteria to be used for microbiome research in gnotobiotic mice. We present here the high-quality whole genome sequences of the Oligo-MM
12
strains, which were obtained by combining the accuracy of the Illumina platforms with the long reads of the PacBio technology.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Atypical Highly Virulent Rabbit Staphylococcus aureus Strain
Authors: Német Zoltán , Albert Ervin , Nagy Tibor , Olasz Ferenc , Barta Endre , Kiss János , Dán Ádám , Bányai Krisztián , Hermans Katleen , Biksi Imre
Published: October 2017

Rabbit staphylococcosis is one of the most important diseases in industrial rabbit production. We report here the draft genome sequence of
Staphylococcus aureus
strain 380/11, an atypical highly virulent (aHV) rabbit
Staphylococcus aureus
strain.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Human Clinical Isolate of the Novel Species
Klebsiella quasivariicola
sp. nov
Authors: Long S. Wesley , Linson Sarah E. , Ojeda Saavedra Matthew , Cantu Concepcion , Davis James J. , Brettin Thomas , Olsen Randall J.
Published: October 2017

In a study of 1,777
Klebsiella
strains, we discovered KPN1705, which was distinct from all recognized
Klebsiella
spp. We closed the genome of strain KPN1705 using a hybrid of Illumina short-read and Oxford Nanopore long-read technologies. For this novel species, we propose the name
Klebsiella quasivariicola
sp. nov.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain ATCC 53544
Authors: Dean Scott N. , Vora Gary J. , Walper Scott A.
Published: October 2017

Here we present the complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
ATCC 53544. The assembly contains 1,991,906 bp and is 99.7% similar to
L. acidophilus
NCFM. This strain was isolated from a rectal swab specimen of an infant and has previously been used as a feed supplement for animals.
Draft Genome Sequence of Halophilic
Hahella
sp. Strain CCB-MM4, Isolated from Matang Mangrove Forest in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Sam Ka-Kei , Lau Nyok-Sean , Furusawa Go , Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah
Published: October 2017

Hahella
sp. strain CCB-MM4 is a halophilic bacterium isolated from estuarine mangrove sediment. The genome sequence of
Hahella
sp. CCB-MM4 provides insights into exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and the lifestyle of the bacterium thriving in a saline mangrove environment.
Genome Sequences of Two NDM-1 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae with a High Degree of Similarity, One of Which Contains Prophage
Authors: Volozhantsev Nikolay V. , Kislichkina Angelina A. , Lev Anastasia I. , Mukhina Tatiana N. , Bogun Alexander A. , Ershova Olga N. , Alexandrova Irina A. , Fursova Nadezhda K.
Published: October 2017

We report genome sequences of two NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates of sequence type 147 (ST147) from one hospital. The genomes are highly similar and differ in prophage located in the chromosome of
K. pneumoniae
KPB-1470/16 and in the additional plasmid-carrying
bla
OXA-48
gene in
K. pneumoniae
KPB-417/16.
Secondary aortoduodenal fistula and the unrecognised herald bleed
Authors: Simó Alari Francesc , Molina González Esther , Gutierrez Israel , Ahamdanech-Idrissi Aïcha
Published: October 2017

A 65-year-old man with history of aortobifemoral surgery 4 years ago was admitted to hospital after sudden abdominal pain. Initially misdiagnosed as renal colic, he was treated with analgesics, and while on observation he started with haematemesis, rapidly responding to volume infusion. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed fresh blood in the stomach with no visible active bleeding. CT scan showed an important contrast extravasation from the aorta to the third duodenal portion, restarting haemodynamic instability and a cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) manoeuvres followed by intense fluid resuscitation and urgent laparotomy with a fast transabdominal supracoeliac aortic clamping was performed. After multiple blood and plasma unit transfusion and intravenous norepinephrine, two more cardiac arrests were recovered. Unfortunately, after aggressive management, the patient rapidly deteriorated and deceased on the table. Aortoduodenal fistula is a rare entity causing life-threatening bleeding. Its diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and surgery offers the only hope for survival.
Transthoracic Littre’s hernia presenting with faecopneumothorax following perforation of the Meckel’s diverticulum: a late complication of oesophagectomy
Authors: West Charles , Erskine Karen , Hamdan Khaled
Published: October 2017

A Littre’s hernia is an unusual phenomenon where a Meckel’s diverticulum protrudes through a potential abdominal opening. We wish to present a unique case of a 79-year-old man with respiratory distress following a fall from standing, initially managed as a haemothorax. After a chest drain was placed, bowel contents were drained from the pleural cavity and he was taken to theatre. He had a history of minimally invasive oesophagectomy for cancer and had subsequently developed a diaphragmatic hernia. A blind ending diverticulum with a perforation at its tip was found in the left oblique lung fissure that was subsequently confirmed histologically as a perforated Meckel’s diverticulum. The patient had a prolonged stay on the intensive care unit with a left-sided empyema that was managed radiologically prior to discharge. Unfortunately 4 months postoperatively, he passed away from hospital-acquired pneumonia on a rehabilitation ward.
Rare presentation of an old bug
Authors: Albitar Hasan Ahmad Hasan , Gallo de Moraes Alice , Lim Kaiser G
Published: October 2017

We highlight a rare presentation ofLegionellainfection in a 77-year-old woman with a clinical diagnosis of giant cell arteritis 2 months prior to presentation. She was started on 60 mg prednisone that was tapered to 10 mg after 4 weeks following her diagnosis. She presented with a 1-month progressive dyspnoea in the absence of any other symptoms. Her exposure history was significant only for a recent trip to Florida where she stayed at a hotel. Initial laboratory workup was significant for hyponatraemia (127 mmol/L). Workup including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and induced sputum for gram stain, acid fast stain and bacterial culture were negative forPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia and other opportunistic infectious agents. However, BAL was positive forLegionella pneumophilavia PCR that was confirmed by a positive urinaryLegionellaantigen. The patient received treatment with levofloxacin that led to full resolution of her symptoms.
Primary hepatic hemangioendothelioma in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Shah Preet Mukesh , Dhakre Vijay Waman , Nagral Aabha
Published: October 2017

A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with compensated cirrhosis of liver secondary to Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and had undergone stenting of a thrombosed left hepatic vein. Eight months later, she presented with jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. CT revealed multiple focal lesions in the liver, which on biopsy proved to be hepatic hemangioendothelioma (HHE). Her liver disease and ascites progressively increased. Four months later, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed an advanced stage of HHE with infiltration of the common bile duct and vascular invasion with a blocked stent, with metastasis to the spleen and dorsolumbar vertebrae. We believe this is the first reported case of an HHE developing in the background of BCS.
Barriers to safe abortion access: uterine rupture as complication of unsafe abortion in a Ugandan girl
Authors: Olson Rose McKeon , Kamurari Solomon
Published: October 2017

A 15-year-old girl at 18 weeks gestation by the last menstrual period presented to a rural Ugandan healthcare facility for termination of her pregnancy as a result of rape by her uncle. Skilled healthcare workers at the facility refused to provide the abortion due to fear of legal repercussions. The patient subsequently obtained an unsafe abortion by vaginal insertion of local herbs and sharp objects. She developed profuse vaginal bleeding and haemorrhagic shock. She was found to have uterine rupture and emergent hysterectomy was performed. Young and poor women are at high risk of unplanned pregnancy and subsequent mortality during pregnancy and childbirth. Unsafe abortion is a leading and entirely preventable cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Multiple barriers restrict access to safe abortions including social and moral stigma, gender-based power imbalances, inadequate contraceptive use and sexual education, high cost and poor availability, and restrictive abortion laws.
Modelling the process of falling behind and its psychophysiological consequences
Authors: Venhorst Andreas , Micklewright Dominic , Noakes Timothy D
Published: October 2017

Introduction

A preceding article investigated the psychophysiological responses to falling behind a performance matched opponent. The following temporally linked cause–effect relationships were hypothesised: falling behind precedes deterioration in valence, deterioration in valence precedes development of an action crisis, experience of an action crisis precedes psychoneuroendocrinological distress response and non-adaptive distress response reduces conduciveness to high performance, thereby preceding performance decrement.

Methods

In this article, we applied structural equation modelling to test the extent to which the observed data fit the hypothesised cause–effect relationships. A five-step procedure was applied to model the interrelationships between the major study variables in the hypothesised temporal order.

Results

Significant linear relationships were found between all hypothesised predictor and outcome variable pairs (p<0.024). The dynamic change in valence was a significant mediator (p=0.011) as it explained 35% of the relationship between falling behind and action crisis. All hypothesised cause–effect relationships continued to be significant after controlling for performance, descriptor, training and perceived strain variables. The observed data fitted the hypothesised structural model well with excellent model fit indices throughout.

Conclusion

We applied, tested and confirmed the hypothesised debilitative psychophysiological processes that unfold in response to falling behind a performance matched opponent. The main findings were: deterioration in valence mediated the relationship between falling behind and action crisis, the mindset shift associated with an action crisis predicted increased blood cortisol concentrations and non-adaptive blood cortisol concentrations predicted performance decrement. The findings point towards the crucial role of affective and cognitive modifiers in centrally regulated and goal-directed exercise behaviour.
Epidemiology of imaging-detected tendon abnormalities in athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympics
Authors: Jarraya Mohamed , Crema Michel D , Engebretsen Lars , Teytelboym Oleg M , Hayashi Daichi , Roemer Frank W , Skaf Abdalla Y , Guermazi Ali
Published: October 2017

Background

Tendon abnormalities are prevalent among both elite and non-elite athletes. Cross-sectional imaging modalities are used to confirm and evaluate the severity of such lesions.

Aim

To describe the demographics, prevalence, anatomical location and characteristics of tendon abnormalities in athletes who participated in the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games.

Methods

We recorded all sports injuries reported by the National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and the Organizing Committee medical staff during the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. Diagnostic imaging was performed through the official IOC clinic within the Olympic Village, using digital ultrasound machines and 3T and 1.5T MR scanners. Image interpretation was performed centrally by board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists with expertise in sports injuries.

Results

In total, 11 274 athletes (5089 women (45%), 6185 men (55%)) from 207 NOCs were included. NOC and Rio de Janeiro 2016 medical staff reported 1101 injuries. Central review of radiological images revealed 156 tendon abnormalities in 109 athletes (51.2% male, mean age: 26.8, range 18–39). The supraspinatus tendon was the most commonly involved tendon (31 cases, 19.9%), followed by the Achilles tendon (20 cases, 12.8%) and patellar and infraspinatus tendons (12 cases, 7.7%). Tendon abnormalities were most commonly seen in track and field athletes (54 abnormalities, 34.6%).

Conclusion

156 tendon abnormalities were reported, most commonly in track and field athletes, and involving mainly the shoulder tendons, as well as Achilles and patellar tendons.
Improving the rates of electronic results acknowledgement at a tertiary eye care centre
Authors: Phua Val , Au Benjamin , Soh Yu Qiang , Husain Rahat
Published: October 2017

Background

Hundreds of thousands of tests are performed annually in hospitals worldwide. Safety Issues arise when abnormal results are not recognized promptly resulting in delayed treatment and increased morbidity and mortality. As a result Singapore’s largest healthcare group, Singhealth introduced an electronic result acknowledgement system. This system was adopted by the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC) in February 2016. Baseline measurements show that weekly numbers of unacknowledged results ranged from 193 to 617. The current standards of electronic results acknowledgement posts a significant patient safety hazard.

Methods

Root cause analysis was performed to identify contributory factors. Pareto principle was then used by the authors to identify the main contributory factors. We employed the rapid cycle improvement Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) strategy to test and evaluate implemented changes. Changes are implemented for 2 weeks and data collected prospectively. The data is analyzed the week after and the following PDSA actions are decided and instituted the following week. 3 PDSA cycles were undertaken in total.

Results

The first PDSA cycle focused on raising awareness of the problem at hand, the number of unacknowledged results drastically decreased during the 1stweek of implementation of our PDSA from 617 to 254.The second PDSA cycle targeted the lack of knowledge of doctors involved in the electronic result acknowledgement process. There was a trend downwards near the end of the cycle which continued through the week after.The third PDSA cycle targeted individual doctors and provided individual remedial training. Second line doctors were also equipped to better handle abnormal results. There was significant improvement with the number of unacknowledged abnormal results dropping to <5 a week.

Conclusions

Multiple factors were identified to contribute to the low compliance to electronic acknowledgement of results. The role doctors play in the issue at hand was paramount and required careful handling in a professional manner with multiple reminders and emphasis on the importance of acknowledging and acting on the results.A significant improvement in the rates of acknowledgement of abnormal results was demonstrated with clear benefits to patient safety. Interventions can be replicated when implementing similar systems to other areas of healthcare.
Future of keeping pet reptiles and amphibians: towards integrating animal welfare, human health and environmental sustainability
Authors: Pasmans Frank , Bogaerts Serge , Braeckman Johan , Cunningham Andrew A , Hellebuyck Tom , Griffiths Richard A , Sparreboom Max , Schmidt Benedikt R , Martel An
Published: October 2017

The keeping of exotic pets is currently under debate and governments of several countries are increasingly exploring the regulation, or even the banning, of exotic pet keeping. Major concerns are issues of public health and safety, animal welfare and biodiversity conservation. The keeping of reptiles and amphibians in captivity encompasses all the potential issues identified with keeping exotic pets, and many of those relating to traditional domestic pets. Within the context of risks posed by pets in general, the authors argue for the responsible and sustainable keeping of reptile and amphibian pets by private persons, based on scientific evidence and on the authors' own expertise (veterinary medicine, captive husbandry, conservation biology).
Food engorgement in 35 dogs (2009–2013) compared with 36 dogs with gastric dilation and volvulus
Authors: Smart Lisa , Reese Shona , Hosgood Giselle
Published: October 2017

The clinical features and management of food engorgement (FE) in dogs have not been previously described. This retrospective observational study describes characteristics and outcome of 35 dogs with FE, and compares features on presentation to 36 dogs with gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV). Cases were retrospectively reviewed for history, clinical findings and outcome. Gastric distension was measured by caudal gastric margin (CGM), level with lumbar vertebrae, on a lateral abdominal radiograph. Frequent characteristics of dogs with FE included tachycardia, tachypnoea, hyperproteinaemia, increased base excess (BE), mild hypernatraemia and hyperlactataemia. There was overlap in CGM between dogs with GDV (CGM range L3 to >L6) and dogs with FE (CGM range <L2 to L5–L6). In contrast to dogs with GDV, lactate concentration in dogs with FE was not associated with CGM or BE. Dogs with FE mostly received medical intervention consisting of fluid therapy and analgesia, and all dogs survived to discharge. In conclusion, dogs with FE frequently presented with acid‐base and electrolyte derangements, including hyperlactataemia. While dogs with FE can have gastric distension as severe as that seen with GDV, outcome with supportive care only is excellent.
Anaemia in pet rabbits: causes, severity and reticulocyte response
Authors: Dettweiler Alexandra , Klopfleisch Robert , Müller Kerstin
Published: October 2017

The objective of the study was to determine the causes and the severity of anaemia in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), to classify anaemia and to compare the reticulocyte counts from healthy and anaemic rabbits. Over a time period of 11 years (2000–2011) a retrospective and prospective study of 223 pet rabbits was performed. Based on the clinic's own reference range for healthy pet rabbits (packed cell volume [PCV] levels 0.33–0.45 l/l), animals with a PCV level below 0.33 l/l were considered anaemic. Anaemia was mostly caused by inflammation (65/223, 29 per cent) and bleeding (54/223, 24 per cent). Seven per cent (15/223) of the rabbits suffered from renal diseases and one rabbit got diagnosed with haemolysis caused by liver lobe torsion. In 14 per cent (32/223) of the rabbits more than one underlying pathomechanism, like inflammation and bleeding, was diagnosed as possible cause of anaemia. In 25 per cent (56/223) of the anaemic rabbits no cause was found. Most anaemias were mild (156/223, 70 per cent). Moderate (43/223, 19 per cent) or severe (24/223, 11 per cent) anaemia was diagnosed more rarely. Anaemic rabbits showed similar reticulocyte counts to healthy rabbits with no significant difference. Therefore, a differentiation of regenerative and non‐regenerative anaemia was not possible.
Infinite index extensions of local nets and defects
Authors: Del Vecchio Simone , Giorgetti Luca
Published: October 2017

The subfactor theory provides a tool to analyze and construct extensions of Quantum Field Theories, once the latter are formulated as local nets of von Neumann algebras. We generalize some of the results of [62] to the case of extensions with infinite Jones index. This case naturally arises in physics, the canonical examples are given by global gauge theories with respect to a compact (non-finite) group of internal symmetries. Building on the works of Izumi–Longo–Popa [44] and Fidaleo–Isola [30], we consider generalized Q-systems (of intertwiners) for a semidiscrete inclusion of properly infinite von Neumann algebras, which generalize ordinary Q-systems introduced by Longo [58] to the infinite index case. We characterize inclusions which admit generalized Q-systems of intertwiners and define a braided product among the latter, hence we construct examples of QFTs with defects (phase boundaries) of infinite index, extending the family of boundaries in the grasp of [7].
Tracking the Reorganization of Module Structure in Time-Varying Weighted Brain Functional Connectivity Networks
Authors: Schmidt Christoph , Piper Diana , Pester Britta , Mierau Andreas , Witte Herbert
Published: October 2017

Identification of module structure in brain functional networks is a promising way to obtain novel insights into neural information processing, as modules correspond to delineated brain regions in which interactions are strongly increased. Tracking of network modules in time-varying brain functional networks is not yet commonly considered in neuroscience despite its potential for gaining an understanding of the time evolution of functional interaction patterns and associated changing degrees of functional segregation and integration. We introduce a general computational framework for extracting consensus partitions from defined time windows in sequences of weighted directed edge-complete networks and show how the temporal reorganization of the module structure can be tracked and visualized. Part of the framework is a new approach for computing edge weight thresholds for individual networks based on multiobjective optimization of module structure quality criteria as well as an approach for matching modules across time steps. By testing our framework using synthetic network sequences and applying it to brain functional networks computed from electroencephalographic recordings of healthy subjects that were exposed to a major balance perturbation, we demonstrate the framework’s potential for gaining meaningful insights into dynamic brain function in the form of evolving network modules. The precise chronology of the neural processing inferred with our framework and its interpretation helps to improve the currently incomplete understanding of the cortical contribution for the compensation of such balance perturbations.
Pedestrian evacuation behavior analysis and simulation in multi-exits case
Authors: Li Yongxing , Jia Hongfei , Li Jun , Gong Jian , Sun Kechao
Published: October 2017

Considering the process of pedestrian evacuation as pedestrian walking freely from current position to exit and queuing at the exit, estimated evacuation time model for single pedestrian is established. Based on estimated evacuation time and shortest distance, pedestrian exit choice model is established considering pedestrian preference. Pedestrian exit choice model is added into pedestrian simulation model which is built based on cellular automata. Pedestrian evacuation behavior in multi-exits case is simulated. The simulations indicate that pedestrian evacuation model built in our work describes the pedestrian evacuation behavior well.
Extended shortest path selection for package routing of complex networks
Authors: Ye Fan , Zhang Lei , Wang Bing-Hong , Liu Lu , Zhang Xing-Yi
Published: October 2017

The routing strategy plays a very important role in complex networks such as Internet system and Peer-to-Peer networks. However, most of the previous work concentrates only on the path selection, e.g. Flooding and Random Walk, or finding the shortest path (SP) and rarely considering the local load information such as SP and Distance Vector Routing. Flow-based Routing mainly considers load balance and still cannot achieve best optimization. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel dynamic routing strategy on complex network by incorporating the local load information into SP algorithm to enhance the traffic flow routing optimization. It was found that the flow in a network is greatly affected by the waiting time of the network, so we should not consider only choosing optimized path for package transformation but also consider node congestion. As a result, the packages should be transmitted with a global optimized path with smaller congestion and relatively short distance. Analysis work and simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm can largely enhance the network flow with the maximum throughput within an acceptable calculating time. The detailed analysis of the algorithm will also be provided for explaining the efficiency.
Stochastic dynamics and combinatorial optimization
Authors: Ovchinnikov Igor V. , Wang Kang L.
Published: October 2017

Natural dynamics is often dominated by sudden nonlinear processes such as neuroavalanches, gamma-ray bursts, solar flares, etc., that exhibit scale-free statistics much in the spirit of the logarithmic Ritcher scale for earthquake magnitudes. On phase diagrams, stochastic dynamical systems (DSs) exhibiting this type of dynamics belong to the finite-width phase (N-phase for brevity) that precedes ordinary chaotic behavior and that is known under such names as noise-induced chaos, self-organized criticality, dynamical complexity, etc. Within the recently proposed supersymmetric theory of stochastic dynamics, the N-phase can be roughly interpreted as the noise-induced “overlap” between integrable and chaotic deterministic dynamics. As a result, the N-phase dynamics inherits the properties of the both. Here, we analyze this unique set of properties and conclude that the N-phase DSs must naturally be the most efficient optimizers: on one hand, N-phase DSs have integrable flows with well-defined attractors that can be associated with candidate solutions and, on the other hand, the noise-induced attractor-to-attractor dynamics in the N-phase is effectively chaotic or aperiodic so that a DS must avoid revisiting solutions/attractors thus accelerating the search for the best solution. Based on this understanding, we propose a method for stochastic dynamical optimization using the N-phase DSs. This method can be viewed as a hybrid of the simulated and chaotic annealing methods. Our proposition can result in a new generation of hardware devices for efficient solution of various search and/or combinatorial optimization problems.
The Turaev genus of torus knots
Authors: Jin Kaitian , Lowrance Adam M. , Polston Eli , Zheng Yanjie
Published: October 2017

The Turaev genus and dealternating number of a link are two invariants that measure how far away a link is from alternating. We determine the Turaev genus of a torus knot with five or fewer strands either exactly or up to an error of at most one. We also determine the dealternating number of a torus knot with five or fewer strands up to an error of at most two. We also give bounds on the Turaev genus and dealternating number of torus links with five or fewer strands and on some infinite families of torus links on six strands.
Ag-W18O49-GO Nanocomposite as Highly Effective Antibacterial Agent with Capturing-Killing Mechanism
Authors: Xu Le , Chai Linge , Li Zhao , Jin Xiaokun , Gu Danxia , Chang Xueting , Sun Shibin
Published: October 2017

In this work, a novel nanocomposite (NC) based on the decoration of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] nanorods (NRs) on the GO surfaces was prepared using combined techniques of solvothermal method and photochemical process. Compared with the Ag-GO NC, the Ag-W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]-GO NC exhibited enhanced long-term antibacterial activity against the bacterium of Bacillus sp.1NLA3E (Bacillus sp.). The antibacterial mechanisms of both the Ag-GO and Ag-W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]-GO NCs were distinctly revealed by observation of the direct interaction between the Ag NPs, W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NRs, or GO sheets and the bacterial cells. Results showed that the GO sheets in the NCs mainly acted as supports for trapping or wrapping the bacterial cells, and it was the Ag NPs or W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NRs grown on the GO surfaces that caused direct damage to the cells. The synergistic effects between the Ag NPs or W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] NRs and the GO sheets resulted in the prominent long-term antibacterial effect of the Ag-W[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]-GO NC. This work provides in-depth understanding of the mechanism regarding the antibacterial activity of the GO-based NCs.
FORECASTING OF OIL AND AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY PRICES: VARMA VERSUS ARMA
Authors: GÜLERCE MUSTAFA , ÜNAL GAZANFER
Published: October 2017

The aim of this paper is to show that the estimates made with vector autoregressive–moving-average (ARMA) models based on the coherent time intervals of the multiple time series give more precise results than the univariate case. The previous literature on dynamic correlations (co-movement) in between food and energy prices has mixed results and mainly based on parametric approaches. Therefore, partial wavelet coherence (PWC) and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC) methods are used, respectively, to uncover the coherency simultaneously for time and frequency domains. In our study; world oil, corn, soybeans, wheat and sugar prices are examined instead of the return and volatility relationship between oil and agricultural commodities due to model-free approach of wavelet analysis.
Critical distance between copper mining roadway and a vertical water-blocked body
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Liu Xiaotian , Jiang Yunhua , Chen Jie , Chen Qiwu , Jiang Simin , Zhou Nianqing
Published: October 2017

It is vital to determine the critical distance between a mining roadway and a natural vertical water-blocked body (VWBB) where a substantial water level difference and seepage gradient have developed between the two sides of the VWBB. A VWBB critical distance was defined and then determined using a 3D numerical simulation method based on the strength reduction method. The primary value of the VWBB critical distance was determined in consideration of the potential equivalent plastic strain zone induced by the roadways. In consideration of the other influencing factors, the VWBB critical distance was suggested as 105.00 m.
The early days of engineering geology in the UK – a personal view by Peter Fookes F.R. Eng.
Authors: Fookes P. G. , Lee E. M.
Published: October 2017

In my opinion, the development of engineering geology was a team effort, a general evolution with contributions from all those involved in ‘geology for engineers’ during the decades after World War II, notably the 1950s to the 1970s, with increasing use of geologists by the civil engineering profession. This article illustrates my memories of this evolution through this formative period using for each decade the same six ‘indicators’: notable engineering; training and courses; contractors and contractors’ laboratories; consultants; societies, associations and meetings; journals and publications.
Engineering geology of the Quaternary
Authors: Giles David , Martin Chris , Williams Ron
Published: October 2017

Throughout the 50 years of the
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology
papers have been published on case studies, site characterization and material geotechnical properties that have been influenced by the climatic and geomorphological environments experienced during the Quaternary. This period of geological time has left a significant legacy for ground engineering and construction projects with a complexity of ground conditions whose interpretation and understanding are crucial for the success of any such schemes. This review presents key papers that mainly focus on the effects of cold climates, both glacial and periglacial, developed during this time. Advances in landsystem description and ground model development published in the journal for these terrains are discussed.
How to say what you mean and mean what you say
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: October 2017

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; this week learn how to construct truly effective sentences. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women
Authors: Mays Darren , Atkins Michael B. , Ahn Jaeil , Tercyak Kenneth P.
Published: October 2017

Background: There is mounting evidence that young people can develop a dependence on indoor tanning, but research on factors associated with indoor tanning dependence remains limited.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with indoor tanning dependence in a community sample of 389 non-Hispanic white young adult women ages 18 to 30 who had indoor tanned ≥1 time in the past year. Participants completed measures of indoor tanning dependence, including the modified CAGE and modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV psychiatric screening assessments, indoor tanning behavior and beliefs, and behavioral and psychiatric comorbidity.

Results: Overall, 22.6% of the sample screened positive for indoor tanning dependence. In multivariable analyses, indoor tanning dependence was associated with younger age of indoor tanning initiation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.79; P = 0.017], indoor tanning ≥20 times in the past year (aOR = 3.03; P = 0.015), stronger beliefs about the benefits of tanning (aOR = 2.15; P = 0.004), greater perceived susceptibility to indoor tanning risks (aOR = 2.72; P < 0.001), stronger beliefs about physical appearance (aOR = 1.73; P = 0.037), and depressive symptoms (aOR = 3.79; P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Indoor tanning dependence among young, non-Hispanic white women is associated with behaviors that increase the risk of skin cancer, beliefs favoring the perceived benefits of tanning, and comorbid risks such as stronger beliefs about physical appearance and depressed mood.

Impact: Comprehensive skin cancer prevention efforts should address indoor tanning dependence among young women and its leading risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1636–43. ©2017 AACR.
A Multicenter Phase I Study Evaluating Dual PI3K and BRAF Inhibition with PX-866 and Vemurafenib in Patients with Advanced BRAF V600–Mutant Solid Tumors
Authors: Yam Clinton , Xu Xiaowei , Davies Michael A. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Wani Khalida M. , Liu Shujing , Deng Wanleng , Buckley Meghan , Zhao Jianhua , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Haas Naomi B. , Kudchadkar Ragini R. , Pavlick Anna C. , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Tawbi Hussein , Walker Luke , Schuchter Lynn M. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Gangadhar Tara C.
Published: October 2017

Purpose: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the safety of daily oral PX-866 in combination with twice daily vemurafenib and to identify potential predictive biomarkers for this novel combination.

Experimental Design: We conducted a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced BRAF V600–mutant solid tumors. PX-866 was administered on a continuous schedule in combination with vemurafenib. Patients underwent a baseline and on-treatment biopsy after 1-week of PX-866 monotherapy for biomarker assessment.

Results: Twenty-four patients were enrolled. The most common treatment-related adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects. One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of grade 3 rash and one DLT of grade 3 pancreatitis were observed in cohort 2 (PX-866 6 mg daily; vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily) and cohort 3 (PX-866 8 mg daily; vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily), respectively. Of 23 response-evaluable patients, seven had confirmed partial responses (PR), 10 had stable disease, and six had disease progression. Decreases in intratumoral pAKT expression were observed following treatment with PX-866. Patients who achieved PRs had higher rates of PTEN loss by IHC (80% vs. 58%) and pathogenic PTEN mutations and/or deletions (57% vs. 25%). Two patients with durable PRs had an increase in intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration following treatment with PX-866.

Conclusions: PX-866 was well tolerated at its maximum tolerated single-agent dose when given in combination with a modified dose of vemurafenib (720 mg twice daily). Response to treatment appeared to be associated with PTEN loss and treatment with PX-866 seemed to increase CD8+ T-cell infiltration in some patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 22–32. ©2017 AACR.