bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Induction of Mitochondrial Fission Is Required for Maintenance of Liver Cancer–Initiating Cells
Authors: Tang Miaoling , Yang Meisongzhu , Wu Geyan , Mo Shuang , Wu Xingui , Zhang Shuxia , Yu Ruyuan , Hu Yameng , Xu Yingru , Li Ziwen , Liao Xinyi , Li Jun , Song Libing
Published: May 2021

Mitochondrial dynamics play vital roles in the tumorigenicity and malignancy of various types of cancers by promoting the tumor-initiating potential of cancer cells, suggesting that targeting crucial factors that drive mitochondrial dynamics may lead to promising anticancer therapies. In the current study, we report that overexpression of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), which is upregulated significantly in liver cancer–initiating cells (LCIC), promotes mitochondrial fission and enhances stemness and tumor-initiating capability in non-LCICs. MFF-induced mitochondrial fission evoked mitophagy and asymmetric stem cell division and promoted a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis that decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which prevented ROS-mediated degradation of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4. CRISPR affinity purification in situ of regulatory elements showed that T-box transcription factor 19 (TBX19), which is overexpressed uniquely in LCICs compared with non-LCICs and liver progenitor cells, forms a complex with PRMT1 on the MFF promoter in LCICs, eliciting epigenetic histone H4R3me2a/H3K9ac-mediated transactivation of MFF. Targeting PRMT1 using furamidine, a selective pharmacologic inhibitor, suppressed TBX19-induced mitochondrial fission, leading to a profound loss of self-renewal potential and tumor-initiating capacity of LCICs. These findings unveil a novel mechanism underlying mitochondrial fission–mediated cancer stemness and suggest that regulation of mitochondrial fission via inhibition of PRMT1 may be an attractive therapeutic option for liver cancer treatment.

Significance:

These findings show that TBX19/PRMT1 complex–mediated upregulation of MFF promotes mitochondrial fission and tumor-initiating capacity in liver cancer cells, identifying PRMT1 as a viable therapeutic target in liver cancer.
R-Loop–Mediated ssDNA Breaks Accumulate Following Short-Term Exposure to the HDAC Inhibitor Romidepsin
Authors: Safari Maryam , Litman Thomas , Robey Robert W. , Aguilera Andrés , Chakraborty Arup R. , Reinhold William C. , Basseville Agnes , Petrukhin Lubov , Scotto Luigi , O'Connor Owen A. , Pommier Yves , Fojo Antonio T. , Bates Susan E.
Published: May 2021

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce hyperacetylation of histones by blocking HDAC catalytic sites. Despite regulatory approvals in hematological malignancies, limited solid tumor clinical activity has constrained their potential, arguing for better understanding of mechanisms of action (MOA). Multiple activities of HDACis have been demonstrated, dependent on cell context, beyond the canonical induction of gene expression. Here, using a clinically relevant exposure duration, we established DNA damage as the dominant signature using the NCI-60 cell line database and then focused on the mechanism by which hyperacetylation induces DNA damage. We identified accumulation of DNA–RNA hybrids (R-loops) following romidepsin-induced histone hyperacetylation, with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) breaks detected by single-cell electrophoresis. Our data suggest that transcription-coupled base excision repair (BER) is involved in resolving ssDNA breaks that, when overwhelmed, evolve to lethal dsDNA breaks. We show that inhibition of BER proteins such as PARP will increase dsDNA breaks in this context. These studies establish accumulation of R-loops as a consequence of romidepsin-mediated histone hyperacetylation. We believe that the insights provided will inform design of more effective combination therapy with HDACis for treatment of solid tumors.

Implications:

Key HDAC inhibitor mechanisms of action remain unknown; we identify accumulation of DNA–RNA hybrids (R-loops) due to chromatin hyperacetylation that provokes single-stranded DNA damage as a first step toward cell death.
The Alterations in Methylene Blue/Light-Treated Frozen Plasma Proteins Revealed by Proteomics
Authors: Wu Tiange , Wang Xiaoning , Ren Kai , Huang Xiaochen , Liu Jiankai
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the modified proteins in methylene blue/light-treated frozen plasma (MB-FP) compared with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in order to gain a better application of MB/light-treated plasma in clinic transfusion. Methods: MB-FP and FFP were collected from Changchun central blood station, and a trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation method was used to remove albumin for the enrichment of lower abundance proteins. The plasma protein in MB-FP and FFP were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and the differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins were tested using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Approximately 14 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in the MB-FP, and FFP was chosen as the control. After 2-DE comparison analysis and mass spectrometry, 8 significantly differentially expressed protein spots were identified, corresponding to 6 different proteins, including complement C1r subcomponent (C1R), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITI-H4), keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 (KRT1), hemopexin (HPX), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), and transthyretin (TTR). Western blot showed no significant difference in the expression level of KRT1 between MB-FP and FFP (p > 0.05). Both Western blot and ELISA indicated that the level of HPX was significantly higher in FFP than in MB-FP (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This comparative proteomics study revealed that some significantly modified proteins occur in MB-FP, such as C1R, ITI-H4, KRT1, HPX, FGG, and TTR. Our findings provide more theoretical data for using MB-FP in transfusion medicine. However, the relevance of the data for the transfusion of methylene blue/light-treated plasma remains unclear. The exact modification of these proteins and the effects of these modified proteins on their functions and their effects in clinical plasma infusion need to be further studied.
Planificación urbana posible, imaginario, existencia y cultura
Authors: Costa Everaldo Batista da
Published: May 2021

La planificación urbana desde un punto de vista economista y mecanicista apenas guía los objetos y sujetos que conforman la vida cotidiana de la ciudad (en su totalidad y totalización), los cuales la perciben desde sus lugares de tránsito y permanencia. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo proponer el imaginario, la existencia y la cultura como tríada operativa de una planificación urbana posible. Metodológicamente y para defender la tesis de la predicción dialéctica del imaginario, se debate (i) la racionalidad instrumental de la planificación y (ii) la centralidad de la cultura y la existencia en su revisión, protagonizando el sujeto de la y en la vida cotidiana urbana. Se establece un diálogo con la ontología del imaginario castoridiana, con la teoría de la existencia sartreana y el debate crítico frankfurtiano de la cultura, además de incorporar una reflexión más reciente sobre las ciudades.
Música popular na década de 1970 e a cena pós-tropicalista: análise de uma geração sem vida
Authors: Souza Lucas , Lobo Janaina
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa o campo musical brasileiro, na década de 1970, sob o prisma dos artistas estreantes nesses dez anos. Luiz Gonzaga Junior, Luiz Melodia, Novos Baianos, Secos & Molhados, Clube da Esquina, João Bosco, Fagner, Belchior, Sá, Rodrix e Guarabyra, Ivan Lins e Raul Seixas são músicos e compositores populares, que despontaram artisticamente após o tropicalismo e desenvolveram uma produção musical significativa no transcorrer dessa década. Embora sejam, atualmente, artistas conhecidos, a trajetória dessa geração foi pouco estudada, e sua relevância na historiografia da música popular ainda se encontra mal definida. Assim, este artigo objetiva lança luz sobre essa geração de novatos, ocupantes de posições homólogas no campo musical, de modo a compreender a configuração dos seus trabalhos artísticos e carreiras profissionais no centro das transformações sociais, econômicas e culturais que marcaram a década de 1970.
Interview with Patricia Hill Collins
Authors: Guimarães Nadya Araújo , Acciari Louisa
Published: May 2021

On October 29, 2019, a group of intellectuals met at the Sociology Department of usp, at the initiative of the Tempo Social editor, for an interview with Patricia Hill Collins, an internationally renowned American intellectual, who opened new perspectives for Black feminist thought, as a critical social theory. The departure point was Collins new book, entitled Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory, where she explores the parallels between the challenges faced by those activists-intellectuals who coined the notion of intersectionality, and the new challenges faced today. During the conversation, other themes emerged, exploring the author’s research agenda and her previous books, as well as the current challenges for the studies on racial relations and for the anti-racist militance.
PRESERVE: Randomized Trial of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Control in Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Markus Hugh S. , Egle Marco , Croall Iain D. , Sari Hasan , Khan Usman , Hassan Ahamad , Harkness Kirsty , MacKinnon Andrew , O’Brien John T. , Morris Robin G. , Barrick Thomas R. , Blamire Andrew M. , Tozer Daniel J. , Ford Gary A. , Birns J. , Davies J. , Barkat A. , Cappuccio F. , Robinson T. , Grey L. , Briley D. , Bhalla A. , Hollocks M.J. , Davies L.A. , Cambridge V.C. , Moynihan B. , Tripper S. , Dixit A. , Davies J. , Davis M. , Ford G. , Dafe C. , McGirr J. , Spillane M. , Waugh D. , Ellison-Handley B. , Werring D. , Banara A.
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

In cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral blood flow and autoregulation are impaired and therefore excessive blood pressure reduction could possibly accelerate white matter damage and worsen outcome. The trial determined, in severe symptomatic cerebral small vessel disease, whether intensive blood pressure lowering resulted in progression of white matter damage assessed using diffusion tensor imaging.

Methods:

Randomized, parallel, multicenter controlled, blinded-outcomes clinical trial. One hundred eleven participants with magnetic resonance imaging confirmed symptomatic lacunar infarct and confluent white matter hyperintensities and were recruited and randomized to standard (systolic=130–140 mmHg) (N=56) or intensive (systolic<125 mmHg) (N=55) blood pressure targets. The primary end point was change in diffusion tensor imaging white matter mean diffusivity peak height between baseline and 24 months. Secondary end points were other magnetic resonance imaging markers and cognition.

Results:

Patients were mean 68 years and 60% male. Mean (SD) blood pressure reduced by −15.3 (15.4) and −23.1 (22.04) mm Hg in the standard/intensive groups, respectively (
P
<0.001). There was no difference between treatment groups for the primary end point: standard, adjusted mean (SE)=12.5×10
−3
(0.2×10
−3
); intensive, 12.5×10
−3
(0.2×10
−3
),
P
=0.92. In the whole population over 24 months follow-up, there was a significant deterioration in white matter microstructure but no detectable decrease in cognition.

Conclusions:

Intensive blood pressure lowering in severe cerebral small vessel disease was not associated with progression of white matter damage on diffusion tensor imaging or magnetic resonance imaging. In a multicentre study setting over 2 years, multimodal diffusion tensor imaging-magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive to detecting change than cognitive testing.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.isrctn.com
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN37694103.
Dialogue State Tracking with Incremental Reasoning
Authors: Liao Lizi , Long Le Hong , Ma Yunshan , Lei Wenqiang , Chua Tat-Seng
Published: May 2021

Tracking dialogue states to better interpret user goals and feed downstream policy learning is a bottleneck in dialogue management. Common practice has been to treat it as a problem of classifying dialogue content into a set of pre-defined slot-value pairs, or generating values for different slots given the dialogue history. Both have limitations on considering dependencies that occur on dialogues, and are lacking of reasoning capabilities. This paper proposes to track dialogue states gradually with reasoning over dialogue turns with the help of the back-end data. Empirical results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of joint belief accuracy for MultiWOZ 2.1, a large-scale human--human dialogue dataset across multiple domains.
“When Mountains Can No Longer Be Seen”: A Critical History of Interpretations of an Ambiguous Shōbōgenzō Sentence
Authors: Heine Steven
Published: May 2021

This paper critically examines the various ways a particularly puzzling line in Dōgen’s 道元 “Genjōkōan” 現成公案 fascicle has been interpreted by premodern sources, especially the Goshō commentary by Senne 詮慧 and Kyōgō 經豪, as well as modern commentators, including sectarian figures such as Nishiari Bokusan 西有穆山 and Kurebayashi Kōdō 榑林皓堂 seen in relation to non-sectarian philosophers such as Watsurji Tetsurō 和辻哲郎. The key passage on “riding a boat out to sea, where mountains can no longer be seen (yamanaki kaichū 山なき海中),” raises crucial issues concerning Dōgen’s approach to multi-perspectivism that have been generally been construed in terms of absolutist and relativist standpoints. My analysis of the scholastic debates also sheds light on the full history of commentaries on Dōgen’s Shōbōgenzō 正法眼蔵 encompassing the late medieval and early modern periods.
Papers published in Zootaxa concerning Neuropterida
Authors: LETARDI AGOSTINO , BOWLES DAVID E. , LIU XINGYUE
Published: May 2021

In the first twenty years of the publication of Zootaxa, more than two hundred papers have appeared in this journal that address the Neuropterida, which collectively includes the [Neuroptera+Raphidioptera]+Megaloptera sections (initially “Minor orders” section). A dozen submitted manuscripts were rejected before the review process, and another dozen submissions were rejected following the peer review process. Additional content and general submission history of these contributions is summarized here. These various contributions highlight the growing body of research on the Neuropterida and the importance of Zootaxa as a key journal for publishing and disseminating this research.
Twenty years of Dipterology through the pages of Zootaxa
Authors: WHITMORE DANIEL , GAIMARI STEPHEN D. , NIHEI SILVIO S. , EVENHUIS NEAL L. , KURINA OLAVI , BORKENT CHRISTOPHER J. , SINCLAIR BRADLEY J. , O’HARA JAMES E. , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG , MOULTON JOHN K. , RIBEIRO GUILHERME CUNHA , BICKEL DANIEL J. , GIŁKA WOJCIECH , ANDERSEN TROND , ROSSARO BRUNO , WHITTINGTON ANDREW E. , LAMAS CARLOS JOSÉ EINICKER , HELLER KAI , KEHLMAIER CHRISTIAN , COURTNEY GREGORY W. , KERR PETER H. , BLAGODEROV VLADIMIR
Published: May 2021

We present a summary and analysis of the Diptera-related information published in Zootaxa from 2001 to 2020, with a focus on taxonomic papers. Altogether, 2,527 papers on Diptera were published, including 2,032 taxonomic papers and 1,931 papers containing new nomenclatural acts, equivalent to 22% of all publications with new nomenclatural acts for Diptera. The new nomenclatural acts include 7,431 new species, 277 new genera, 2,003 new synonymies, and 1,617 new combinations. A breakdown by family of new taxa and new replacement names proposed in the journal during the last two decades is provided, together with a comparison of Zootaxa’s output to that of all other taxonomic publications on Diptera. Our results show that the journal has contributed to 20% of all biodiversity discovery in this megadiverse insect order over the last 20 years, and to about 31% in the last decade.
Contributions of Zootaxa to biodiversity discovery: an overview of the first twenty years
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: May 2021

On the 20th anniversary of Zootaxa, I herein provide an overview of its development and contributions over the last two decades (2001 to 2020) and an introduction to this special volume of 25 collected papers in celebration. Zootaxa published over 29,400 papers (including 1,499 monographs of 60 or more pages) by more than 28,000 authors in over 585,000 pages during these two decades. Zootaxa published 60,470 new species (subspecies), 272 new subgenera, 4,206 new genera, 26 new subtribes, 152 new tribes, 234 new subfamilies, 170 new families, nine new superfamilies, 41 new taxa (outside of the species, genus and family groups), and 996 new names in the past two decades. Since 2005, Zootaxa accounted for 26.6% of all new taxa/names indexed in Zoological Record. Zootaxa also published 12,684 new synonyms from 2001 to 2020. Zootaxa published papers for over 28,000 authors from 131 countries during the last two decades; about two-thirds of them published only one or two papers over the 20 years. The significant impacts of Zootaxa on advancing global taxonomy are discussed.
Calibration of ECMWF Seasonal Ensemble Precipitation Reforecasts in Java (Indonesia) Using Bias-Corrected Precipitation and Climate Indices
Authors: Ratri Dian Nur , Whan Kirien , Schmeits Maurice
Published: May 2021

The seasonal precipitation forecast is one of the essential inputs for economic and agricultural activities and has significant impact on decision-making. Large-scale modes of climate variability have strong relationships with seasonal rainfall in Java and are natural candidates for use as potential predictors in a statistical postprocessing application. We explore whether using climate indices as additional predictors in the statistical postprocessing of ECMWF Seasonal Forecast System 5 (SEAS5) precipitation can improve skill. We use parametric statistical postprocessing by applying a logistic distribution-based ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) technique. We add a variety of potential predictors in the analysis, namely SEAS5 raw and empirical quantile mapping (EQM) bias-corrected precipitation, Niño-3.4 index, dipole mode index (DMI), Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) indices, sea surface temperature (SST) around Java, and several other predictors. We analyze the period of 1981–2010, focusing on July, August, September, and October. We use the continuous ranked probability skill score (CRPSS) and Brier skill score (BSS) in a comparative verification of raw, EQM, and EMOS seasonal precipitation forecasts. We have found that it is essential to use EQM-corrected precipitation as a predictor instead of raw precipitation in the latter. Besides, Niño-3.4 and DMI forecasts are not needed as extra predictors to improve monthly precipitation forecasts for the first lead month, except for September. However, for somewhat longer lead months, in September and October when there is more skill than climatology, the model that includes only Niño-3.4 and DMI forecasts as potential predictors performs about the same compared to the model that uses only EQM-corrected precipitation as a predictor.
Microsurgical Management of Early Onset Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Oral Tongue: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lucas Jacob C. , Karadaghy Omar A. , Andrews Brian , Friedman Elizabeth , Kakarala Kiran , Przylecki Wojciech , Arganbright Jill
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare subset of soft tissue sarcomas, typically presenting in subjects 15 to 35 years of age. Usual presentation sites are the trunk, extremities, and the head and neck. Subjects younger than 5 years are rarely affected.

Methods:

In this retrospective case report, we present a 16-month old male with a rapidly growing soft tissue mass of the anterior and posterior tongue, found to be alveolar soft part sarcoma.

Results:

The subject was treated with primary surgical resection and the resulting defect was reconstructed with a radial forearm free flap.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the youngest subject to have been diagnosed with alveolar soft part sarcoma. Surgical extirpation and microvascular reconstruction were successful, and the patient remains disease free 4 years post-operatively.
If You are Serious About Impact, Create a Personal Impact Development Plan
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Gabriel Kelly P.
Published: May 2021

To achieve impact, academics need to create personal impact development plans, focused on what and on whom to have an impact and the necessary competencies to do so. Profession and university leaders play a critical role in the successful implementation of such plans.
Échale Neurona and contextual barriers to sex and sexuality education in Mexico
Authors: Aguila Sánchez Julio C , Covarrubias Cuéllar Karla Y , Vázquez Guerrero Marina
Published: May 2021

Background:

Developing sex and sexuality education programmes for adolescents has proved challenging in many parts of the world, especially in contexts where the importance of these programmes is not valued. In such settings, educating about sex and sexuality may also require dealing with detractors who are active in spreading misinformation.

Objective:

This article identifies contextual barriers encountered by those involved in developing the Échale Neurona programme in Mexico. Team members associated with the programme have been teaching about sex and sexuality in public secondary and high schools since 2016.

Methods and design:

Grounded theory approach using semi-structured interviews. Interviews took place with 10 participants including health promotion experts and programme officials. The main focus of the interviews was on the contextual limitations encountered when implementing sex and sexuality education workshops.

Results:

Findings reveal at least three types of barriers hindering the comprehensive sex and sexuality education developed by the programme: institutional, cultural and socio-educational barriers.

Conclusion:

Contextual barriers associated with family and school environments posed a significant challenge to implementation. Such barriers may facilitate or hinder sex and sexuality education programmes affecting the way young people develop their sex lives and live their sexuality.
Coparenting autistic children during COVID-19: Emerging insights from practice
Authors: Southey Sarah , Morris Rae , Saini Michael
Published: May 2021

Globally, parents and caregivers of children with autism have been particularly impacted by the recent changes due to COVID-19. Reduced access to schools, community supports, and therapeutic services makes parenting more challenging during the pandemic, and especially for parents with children with autism and who are experiencing family breakdown. There remains little guidance to assist coparenting autistic children during COVID-19 after separation and divorce. This brief paper summarizes emerging issues arising in clinical practice to offer recommendations for social work practice.
Influence of the contact with friction on the deformation behavior of advanced high strength steels in the Nakajima test
Authors: Kasaei Mohammad Mehdi , Oliveira Marta C
Published: May 2021

This work presents a new understanding on the deformation mechanics involved in the Nakajima test, which is commonly used to determine the forming limit curve of sheet metals, and is focused on the interaction between the friction conditions and the deformation behaviour of a dual phase steel. The methodology is based on the finite element analysis of the Nakajima test, considering different values of the classic Coulomb friction coefficient, including a pressure-dependent model. The validity of the finite element model is examined through a comparison with experimental data. The results show that friction affects the location and strain path of the necking point by changing the strain rate distribution in the specimen. The strain localization alters the contact status from slip to stick at a portion of the contact area from the pole to the necking zone. This leads to the sharp increase of the strain rate at the necking point, as the punch rises further. The influence of the pressure-dependent friction coefficient on the deformation behaviour is very small, due to the uniform distribution of the contact pressure in the Nakajima test. Moreover, the low contact pressure range attained cannot properly replicate real contact condition in sheet metal forming processes of advanced high strength steels.
Denied Paternity: Parental Rights and the Guardianship of Infants in Ireland, 1937–1964
Authors: Grimes Lorraine
Published: May 2021

This article examines cases of child custody which came before the Irish courts from the introduction of the 1937 Constitution to the Guardianship of Infants Act 1964. It examines ten cases of child custody in the courts from 1937 to 1964 and focuses in particular on the influence of religion in the determination of child custody. It incorporates parental rights for unmarried parents and in cases of “mixed marriage.” It critically analyzes the family under the Irish Constitution and highlights significant cases of child custody during the period which led to legislative change.
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate induces heart looping disorders during zebrafish development
Authors: Sun Yangyong , Yang Fan , Liu Yang , Yu Manli , Wu Feng , Wang Guokun
Published: May 2021

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a type of plasticizer widely used in industry. It is well-known for its toxic effects to endocrine and reproductive systems and has been detected in amniotic fluid and placenta. In the present study, we explored the effects of DEHP on heart development by using zebrafish as a model organism. DEHP (0.02 pg) was injected into the yolk sac of zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage. No significant difference was found in embryonic lethality between control and DEHP groups at 1-day postfertilization (dpf), but mortality significantly increased in DEHP groups at 2 and 3 dpf. The average heart rate was significantly reduced in the surviving DEHP-treated zebrafish larvae at 3 and 4 dpf. In addition, massive pericardial edema was found in DEHP-treated zebrafish (12.6 ± 1.5%), which was significantly higher than that of the control group. Serious heart looping disorder was also observed in DEHP-treated larvae, mainly manifested with an elongated atrial-ventricular distance. Moreover, the expression of heart development transcription factors was affected by DEHP injection. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that five transcription factors ( hand2, tp53, mef2c, esr1, and tbx18) were significantly downregulated in the DEHP group at 2 dpf, and three transcription factors ( zic3, tcf21, and gata4) were significantly upregulated. Our results emphasize the need for the development of a nontoxic plasticizer to prevent possible deleterious effects on humans and other life-forms.
Understanding Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parents of Children With Non-Autism Developmental Delays
Authors: Bonsu Noël E. Mensah- , Mire Sarah S. , Sahni Leila C. , Berry Leandra N. , Dowell Lauren R. , Minard Charles G. , Cunningham Rachel M. , Boom Julie A. , Voigt Robert G. , Goin-Kochel Robin P.
Published: May 2021

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at greater risk for developing antivaccine beliefs that lead to vaccine delays and/or refusals for their children. We investigated current parental vaccine hesitancy, parents’ beliefs about causes of children’s developmental delays, and children’s vaccination histories among parents of children with ASD or non-ASD developmental delays. Data were analyzed from 89/511 parents (17.4%) who completed the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines questionnaire and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire; 46.1% had childhood vaccination records available. Overall, 21/89 (23.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0-34.0) of parents were vaccine hesitant (ASD n = 19/21 [90.5%], non-ASD n = 2/21 [9.5%]). Parents of children with ASD were significantly more likely to agree with “toxins in vaccines” as a cause of their child’s developmental delays (28.4% vs 5.0%, P = .034). The odds of being vaccine hesitant were 11.9 times (95% CI 2.9-48.0) greater among parents who agreed versus disagreed that toxins in vaccines caused their children’s developmental delays. Rates of prior vaccine receipt did not differ between hesitant and nonhesitant groups.
Corpus Callosum Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcome Are Negatively Influenced by Systemic Infection in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Korček Peter , Korčeková Zuzana , Berka Ivan , Kučera Jáchym , Straňák Zbyněk
Published: May 2021

Systemic infection may negatively modulate the development of cerebral white matter and long-term outcome of neonates. We analyzed the growth of corpus callosum (using cranial ultrasonography) and neurodevelopment (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition) in 101 very low-birth-weight newborns. We observed significantly reduced corpus callosum length at 3 months of corrected age (44.5 mm vs 47.7 mm, P = .004) and diminished corpus callosum growth (0.07 mm/d vs 0.08 mm/d, P = .028) in infants who experienced systemic infection. The subgroup exhibited inferior neurodevelopmental outcomes with predominant motor impairment. The results suggest that length and growth of corpus callosum might be affected by systemic inflammatory response in preterm newborns. The changes in corpus callosum can contribute to adverse neurodevelopment at 2 years of corrected age. Serial ultrasonographic measurements of the corpus callosum may be suitable to identify preterm infants with increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment.
Evaluation of antibacterial, teratogenicity and antibiofilm effect of sulfated chitosans extracted from marine waste against microorganism
Authors: Gomathy Velu , Manigandan Venkatesan , Vignesh Narasimman , Thabitha Aavula , Saravanan Ramachandran
Published: May 2021

Biofilms play a key role in infectious diseases, as they may form on the surface and persist after treatment with various antimicrobial agents. The Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli most frequently associated with medical devices. Chitosan sulphate from marine litter (SCH-MW) was extracted and the mineral components were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The degree of deacetylation (DA) of SCH was predicted 50% and 33.3% in crab and shrimp waste respectively. The elucidation of the structure of the SCH-MW was portrayed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mass of SCH-MW was determined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). The teratogenicity of SCH-MW was characterized by the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model. Antimicrobial activity of SCH-MW was tested with the agar well diffusion method; the inhibitory effect of SCH-MW on biofilm formation was assessed in 96 flat well polystyrene plates. The result revealed that a low concentration of crab-sulfated chitosan inhibited bacterial growth and significantly reduced the anti-biofilm activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria relatively to shrimp. It is potentially against the biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria.
Parents’ Perceptions and Engagement Regarding School-Based Physical Activity Promotion
Authors: Webster Collin A. , McLoughlin Gabriella , Starrett Angie , Papa Jillian , Erwin Heather , Reed Julian A. , Carson Russell L. , Burgeson Charlene
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

This study examined parents’ perceived importance of, and engagement in, school-based physical activity (PA) promotion.

Design:

A cross-sectional, quantitative survey design was employed.

Setting:

The survey was conducted in the United States.

Subjects:

Using a probability-based panel (AmeriSpeak®), a national sample of 3599 parents was randomly recruited to participate in the survey and 1015 participants (28.2%) completed it. Parents or legal guardians of children enrolled in K-12 during the 2017-2018 school year were eligible to participate.

Measures:

The survey was developed and distributed by a national collaborative for active schools with the support of a national research center.

Analysis:

Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and path analysis.

Results:

The data supported a 6-factor solution encompassing perceived importance of PA before, during, and after school, communication with administrators, and volunteering and participating in school-based PA (CFI = .974, RMSEA = .034, SRMR = .056). Path coefficients from perceived importance of PA before/after school to current (β = .43; 95%CI[.25, .61]) and future communication with administrators (β = .40; 95%CI[.23, .55]) were statistically significant, as were coefficients from perceived importance of PA before/after school to past (β = .60; 95%CI[.35, .83]) and current volunteering/participating in school-based PA (β = .63; 95%CI[.42, .85]).

Conclusion:

Parents’ perceived importance of school-based PA opportunities before and after school warrants emphasis in future research and advocacy.
An Interview With Gabrielle Palmer, Campaigner Author and Nutritionist, Who Learned From Women Around the World
Authors: Palmer Gabrielle , Arendt Maryse
Published: May 2021

Gabrielle Palmer has written, taught, and campaigned about infant nutrition issues, particularly the unethical marketing of baby foods, since the 1970s. Her seminal book, The Politics of Breastfeeding: When Breasts are Bad for Business, has guided many breastfeeding advocates for over 40 years through three editions and multiple printings. As a breastfeeding counsellor during the 1970s, she helped establish the United Kingdom’s advocacy pressure group Baby Milk Action. She worked as a volunteer in Mozambique during the 1980s. During the 1990s she co-directed the International Breastfeeding Practice and Policy course at the Institute of Child Health, University College London, until she went to live for 2 years in China. Over the years, she has worked for various health and development agencies, including serving as HIV and Infant Feeding Officer for the United Nations Children’s Fund, New York, and also taught at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). She is a mother and a grandmother. (This is a verbatim interview that has been edited for readability: MA = Maryse Arendt; GP = Gabrielle Palmer).
The Effects of Peers’ Career Goal Appraisals on School to Work Transition Outcomes
Authors: Ruschoff Britta , Kowalewski Thomas , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: May 2021

Despite the growing body of research on the transition from school to work, an important aspect of young people’s social realities in this phase has been largely overlooked: their peers. This study investigates to what extent peer networks in late adolescence, and particularly peers’ appraisals of their own career goals, are related to young people’s subjective early transition outcomes in a Finnish sample ( N = 322) between the ages 17 and 20. The results show that having peers who positively appraise their goals as attainable is associated with more positive transition outcomes as young people more often reported having reached a (temporarily) satisfactory transition outcome which they intended to maintain unchanged. Negative peer appraisals showed no associations with transition outcomes. The present study offers an important step toward a comprehensive understanding of the social lives of young people in career transitions and provides new directions for research and counseling.
Disparities in First Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Difficulty between Black and White Older Adults: Findings from the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly Study
Authors: Feger Danielle M. , Willis Sherry L. , Deal Jennifer , Dean Lorraine T. , Gross Alden L.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Few studies have examined differences in age of onset of first self-reported instrumental activities of daily living difficulty, much less differences by race. Our objective was to determine whether there are differences in the first reported difficulty with IADLs between Black and white older adults. Methods: We analyzed data from N = 1168 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study. A multiple group discrete-time multiple-event process survival mixture (MEPSUM) model was used to estimate the hazard of incident IADL difficulty in seven IADL task groups. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified in the first reported IADL task group difficulty between Black and white older adults. Discussion: Our findings indicate similar patterns of early IADL difficulty in Black and white older adults, suggesting that previously reported racial disparities in ability to perform IADLs may be attributable to differences in absolute risk, not timing.
An unfinished battle: George C. Marshall and intelligence in the early Cold War
Authors: Ramos Raphaël
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the influence of Gen. George C. Marshall on the foundation of the US intelligence community after the Second World War. It argues that his uneven achievements demonstrate how the ceaseless wrangling within the Truman administration undermined the crafting of a coherent intelligence policy. Despite his bureaucratic skills and prominent positions, Marshall struggled to achieve his ends on matters like signals intelligence, covert action, or relations between the State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency. Yet he crafted an enduring vision of how intelligence should supplement US national security policy that remained potent throughout the Cold War and beyond.
Women in Agriculture
Authors: Kajale Jayanti , Shroff Sangeeta
Published: May 2021

It is observed that while woman share half the population, the share of women among total main workers has been declining. In view of this, the article studies the trend in women workforce in the agricultural sector from 2004–2005 to 2018–2019 and discusses reasons for the declining trend, various gender related challenges faced by women workforce in agriculture and policies which may be implemented to address the same.

JEL Classification: J710, J160, J210
Feline mesothelioma: case report and review of cytologic, immunocytochemical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: Schlueter Andrew H. , Dehghanpir Shannon D. , Boudreaux Bonnie , Robinson Christopher , Menk P. Lima Jose Cesar , Langohr Ingeborg M.
Published: May 2021

Mesotheliomas are uncommon neoplasms that arise from mesothelial cells in either the abdominal or thoracic cavities and are rarely diagnosed in cats. A 10-y-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Louisiana State University oncology service for evaluation of a large amount of abdominal effusion. Abdominal ultrasound identified a large mesenteric mass with numerous ill-defined nodules. An abdominocentesis was performed with cytologic and immunocytochemical findings consistent with a neoplastic effusion, with large clusters of epithelioid cells that exhibited strong cytoplasmic expression of pancytokeratin, vimentin, and Wilms tumor 1 antigens. Further testing was declined, and meloxicam was prescribed until the cat died 23 d after initial presentation. Upon postmortem examination, the omentum was contracted into a firm mass adhered to multiple organs and accompanied by numerous small white nodules throughout the abdominal cavity. On histopathology and immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were found throughout the abdominal cavity; 60–95% exhibited moderate-to-strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, vimentin, and Wilms tumor 1 protein. The final diagnosis was an epithelioid mesothelioma. Our case illustrates the utility of cytology, immunocytochemistry, and its relation to histology and immunohistochemistry. We also reviewed the reported cases of feline mesothelioma.
Multinucleate parietal cells and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the gastric epithelium of callitrichids
Authors: Furst Nicole R. , Colee James C. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Farina Lisa L.
Published: May 2021

Inclusion bodies (IBs) and multinucleate cells can be associated with viral infections; however, IBs and multinucleate cells have been described in normal tissue and with non-viral disease processes in multiple species. We examined fundic stomach from 50 callitrichids histologically for bi- and multinucleate parietal cells and cytoplasmic IBs in gastric epithelial cells. Callitrichids represented included 6 genera: Saguinus (4 spp.), Leontopithecus (1 sp.), Mico (3 spp.), Cebuella (1 sp.), Callithrix (1 sp.), Callimico (1 sp.), and 13 unspecified marmosets. Gastric epithelial IBs were present in 46 of 47 (98%) of the callitrichids from which the stomach was sufficiently well preserved to identify IBs. Cytoplasmic IBs were identified in gastric surface pit epithelial cells (43 of 44, 98%), mucous neck cells (43 of 44, 98%), parietal cells (43 of 44, 98%), and chief cells (43 of 44, 98%). The IBs were eosinophilic, ovoid, round, elongate, or variably indented, sometimes slightly refractile, and 1–6 × 1–13 µm. IBs were sometimes perinuclear and molded around the nucleus. Electron microscopy of the gastric epithelium of one marmoset indicated that IBs were composed of intermediate filaments. The IBs did not stain with immunohistochemical markers for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 or vimentin. Binucleate parietal cells were found in 49 of 50 (98%) callitrichids, and multinucleate parietal cells were observed in 40 of 49 (82%) callitrichids. Gastric epithelial cytoplasmic IBs and bi- and multinucleate parietal cells are likely a normal finding in callitrichids, and, to our knowledge, have not been reported previously.
Evaluation of the i-STAT Alinity v in a veterinary clinical setting
Authors: Burke Jasper E. , Nguyen Thuy Hien T. , Davis Tanya , Koenig Amie , Lane Selena L. , Good Jennifer , Brainard Benjamin M.
Published: May 2021

Many point-of-care (POC) analyzers are available for the measurement of electrolytes and acid-base status in animals. We assessed the precision of the i-STAT Alinity v, a recently introduced POC analyzer, and compared it to 2 commonly used and previously validated POC analyzers (i-STAT 1, Stat Profile pHOx Ultra). Precision was evaluated by performing multiple analyses of whole blood samples from healthy dogs, cats, and horses on multiple i-STAT Alinity v analyzers. For comparison between analyzers, whole blood samples from dogs and cats presented to the emergency room were run concurrently on all 3 POC instruments. Reported values were compared by species (dogs and cats only) using Pearson correlation, and all values from all species were analyzed together for the Bland–Altman analysis. Results suggested that the i-STAT Alinity v precision was very good, with median coefficients of variability <2.5% for all measured parameters (except the anion gap), with variable ranges of coefficients of variation. In addition, good-to-excellent correlation was observed between the i-STAT Alinity v and i-STAT 1, and between the i-STAT Alinity v and Stat Profile pHOx Ultra for all parameters in both cats and dogs, respectively. In this cohort, the i-STAT Alinity v had clinically acceptable bias compared to the currently marketed analyzers and can be used for monitoring measured analytes in cats and dogs, although serial measurements in a single animal should be performed on the same analyzer whenever possible.
Is It Human Service Cartels or the Power Elite That Promote Societal Control and Repression? A Reaction to David Stoesz’s Human Services Cartels Article
Authors: Cabin William
Published: May 2021

This article is a reaction paper to the article in this journal issue entitled Human Service Cartels: The Soft Repression of the Mediocracy by David Stoesz. As such, it addresses two significant questions about the Stoesz article. One question is as follows: Are we really talking about a cartel? The other question is as follows: Isn’t it the power elite that promotes societal control and repression?
A Comparison of Associations Between Self-Reported and Device-Based Sedentary Behavior and Obesity Markers in Adults: A Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ferrari Gerson , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Zalcman Zimberg Ioná , Guajardo Viviana , Gómez Georgina , Quesada Dayana , Rigotti Attilio , Yadira Cortés Lilia , Yépez García Martha , Pareja Rossina G. , Peralta Miguel , Marques Adilson , Leme Ana Carolina B. , Kovalskys Irina , Rollo Scott , Fisberg Mauro
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between self-reported and device-based measures of sedentary behavior (SB) with obesity markers in adults from Latin American countries. Sitting time and total time spent in different SBs were self-reported using two different questionnaires. Accelerometers were used to assess total sedentary time. Body mass index, waist, and neck circumferences were assessed. The highest self-reported sitting time was in Argentina, the highest total time spent in different SBs was in Brazil and Costa Rica, and the highest device-based sedentary time was observed in Peru. Neither self-reported sitting time, total time spent in different SBs or device-based sedentary time were associated with body mass index. Device-based sedentary time was positively associated with waist circumference and self-reported sitting time was positively associated with neck circumference. Caution is warranted when comparing the associations of self-reported and device-based assessments of SB with anthropometric variables.
Anthropology, Empathy, and the Need for Social Science Communication
Authors: Shannon Jennifer , Quimby Claire , Colwell Chip , Burg Scott
Published: May 2021

This is a call to science communicators and science journalists to feature social science research and researchers in their reporting, with an emphasis on anthropology and its potential to increase public empathy, improve the quality of public discourse, and contribute to contextual and narrative news trends.
“There Was Something Inside of Me I Needed to Let Out”: Occupied Masculinities, Emotional Expression and Rap Music in a Palestinian Refugee Camp
Authors: Skinner Chloe
Published: May 2021

Although normative constructions of masculinity in Palestine denote emotional suppression as an idealized attribute, extreme subjugation under the grinding realities of a colonial military occupation requires that this ideal is negotiated. This article explores Palestinian rap as a channel through which emotions related to individual and collective oppression are expressed within the (fluid) parameters of a particular emergent masculine performance. Through qualitative research with young Palestinian men living in a refugee camp, I argue that emotional expression within this musical culture both functions to reconfigure binary gendered dynamics, while simultaneously masculinizing emotionality through a dialogic performance of emotion, nationalism, resistance, and paternalism. In some ways, patriarchal gendered binaries are hence challenged in and through the performance of Palestinian rap, while in other ways these are reconfigured so that men’s emotional expression can be subsumed within them. This article, therefore, examines the negotiation of “masculinity as emotional suppression” through rap, in a context in which internal patriarchal powers are routinely threatened by colonial patriarchal forces.