bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autologous Nanovaccine Induces Immunogenic Domino Effect to Prevent Postoperative Recurrence of Orthotopic Glioblastoma
Authors: Yang Jinghong , Zhang Ke , Zhang Guangliang , Chen Peiran , Xu Xiaowen , Zhang Mingyue , Mao Jinning , Zhao Guanjian , Qi Chao , Cai Kaiyong , Liu Guodong
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of primary intracranial tumors, poses significant challenges for effective treatment. The highly invasive characteristics of GBM render complete tumor resection exceedingly difficult and frequently lead to postoperative recurrence. To address this issue, a novel autologous nano vaccine is developed to convert the immunosuppressive microenvironment into an active immune landscape through an immunogenic domino effect, thereby targeting residual tumor cells and preventing GBM recurrence. This nanovaccine is formulated by co‐loading lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glioblastoma cell lysates (GCL) into layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets, which are subsequently integrated within an injectable alginate hydrogel to create LLGA‐Gel. The nanovaccine exploits the immunogenic potential of GCL in conjunction with the immunostimulatory properties of LPS to induce pyroptotic cell death, enhance dendritic cell maturation, and promote macrophage polarization toward an M1 phenotype; these effects culminate in increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and reduced Foxp3+ Tregs at the tumor site. In vivo experiments demonstrate that this nanovaccine not only enhances the efficacy of immunogenic cell death but also significantly amplifies the immune response, thereby markedly reducing the postoperative recurrence of orthotopic GBM. This study underscores the promise of nanotechnology‐enhanced immunotherapy in developing effective nanovaccines against GBM.
Unveiling the Curvature‐Dependent Electrocatalytic Kinetics for Sulfur Redox Reaction in Li‐S Chemistry
Authors: Wang Kao , Wang Yang , Wang Jun , Wang Hong , Ding Chenzhi , Zheng Zhaobo , Liu Yue , Luo Zhengtang , Ding Yao
Published: February 2025

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have suffered from serious “shuttle effect” and sluggish kinetic of sulfur redox reaction (SRR). Herein, we focus on the circumferential strain engineering on tailoring the single‐atom catalysts (SACs) for fast SRR in Li‐S batteries. A distinguish coaxial V‐doped MoS2@CNTs (V‐MoS2@CNTs) heterostructure with uniform biaxial strain is developed as the platform to unveil the curvature‐dependent electrocatalytic kinetics in SRR. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations show that this circumferential strain not only benefits the interaction between cathodes and LiPSs, but also dynamically strengthens the SRR by a modified d‐band structure of dual‐metal active sites, i.e., V and Mo. Consequently, the V‐MoS2@CNTs catalysts with strong circumferential strain exhibit a discharge capacity of 1202 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 C and a capacity fading of 0.052% at 1 C, while an outstanding rate performance of 796 mAh g−1 at 5 C. In addition, a high area capacity of 3.2 mAh cm−2 is maintained after 65 cycles at 0.1 C with a high sulfur loading of 3.7 mg cm−2. The strategy developed in this work deepens understanding the impact of curving strain engineering in SRR, and provides a feasible way to the scale‐up synthesis of high‐performance SACs with tunable electrocatalytic activities.
Quasi‐Homogeneous Integrated Strain Vector Sensors for Natural Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Xu Liangxu , Xun Xiaochen , Gao Fangfang , Fan Liubing , Zhao Shuchang , Ren Ke , Liao Xinqin , Ban Xiaojuan , Wu Nan , Zhao Xuan , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue
Published: February 2025

Body motion capture is a vital approach that underpins natural human–machine interaction. Strain sensors that can detect both motion amplitude and direction are the basis for discerning interactive intent. However, most strain sensors with heterogeneous architecture fail to perceive motion direction accurately. Here, quasi‐homogeneous integrated strain vector sensors are constructed by vertically stacking elastomer meshes with different fiber orientations in order. By varying fiber orientation, the proportion of intrinsic elastic and structural deformation in elastomer mesh can be adjusted, achieving effective regulation of its electromechanical properties. A highly anisotropic elastomer mesh with unidirectional fibers is customized, enabling the strain vector sensors to perceive stretch amplitude and direction simultaneously. Notably, the strain vector sensors demonstrate a minimum directional resolution of 2° and a linear working range of up to 100% strain. The tough bonding between quasi‐homogeneous interlayers ensures high robustness even after 10 000 loading cycles. Moreover, a wearable 3D motion capture system is built that can acquire comprehensive data regarding motions, including amplitudes, directions, and modes, and visually synchronize them in virtual reality. Natural human–machine interaction is achieved by intuitively and effortlessly altering motion amplitudes and directions. This work provides an alternative insight for immersive human–machine interaction in the future.
Nature‐Inspired, Heat & Noise‐Insulation, Highly Robust MOFs‐Based Hybrid Fire‐Retardant Coatings with Easy‐Recycling Feature
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Yinjie , Li Tianyu , Yu Chuang , Lin Peng , Liu Jiping , Lan Yuxuan , Pan Ye‐Tang
Published: February 2025

Flexible polyurethane foams are widely used in building and vehicle interiors due to their lightweight and high resilience. However, most foams are non‐biodegradable or fireproof, leading to serious white foam pollution and safety problems. Here, FPUF made of a porous MOF material loaded with flame retardant elements as a coating is reported, which realizes fire protection, isolation of heat and noise, and recovery of foam. The results show that FPUF‐3 exhibited excellent fire and smoke suppression effects, and PHRR, CO production, and CO2 production are reduced by 28.5%, 54.5%, and 21.4%, respectively. The FPUF‐3 shows a longer heat preservation effect and can reduce the common noise decibel by >35%. In addition, the coating exhibits excellent stability under extreme acid–base conditions and has longer durability and effectiveness under alkaline conditions. Furthermore, the separation and recovery of FPUF and coating can be realized by ethanol solvent, and the recovery rate of coating can reach >80%, the foam still has the original high elasticity and lightweight characteristics. It provides a sustainable and practical solution for effectively improving the noise reduction, fire prevention, and heat insulation capabilities of FPUF.
Rational Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy: from Machine Learning Screening to In Vivo Efficacy
Authors: Melle Francesca , Menon Dhruv , Conniot João , Ostolaza‐Paraiso Jon , Mercado Sergio , Oliveira Jhenifer , Chen Xu , Mendes Bárbara B. , Conde João , Fairen‐Jimenez David
Published: February 2025

Despite improvements in cancer survival rates, metastatic and surgery‐resistant cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, remain challenging, with poor prognoses and limited treatment options. Enhancing drug bioavailability in tumors, while minimizing off‐target effects, is crucial. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising drug delivery vehicles owing to their high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and functional tunability. However, the vast chemical diversity of MOFs complicates the rational design of biocompatible materials. This study employed machine learning and molecular simulations to identify MOFs suitable for encapsulating gemcitabine, paclitaxel, and SN‐38, and identified PCN‐222 as an optimal candidate. Following drug loading, MOF formulations are improved for colloidal stability and biocompatibility. In vitro studies on pancreatic cancer cell lines have shown high biocompatibility, cellular internalization, and delayed drug release. Long‐term stability tests demonstrated a consistent performance over 12 months. In vivo studies in pancreatic tumor‐bearing mice revealed that paclitaxel‐loaded PCN‐222, particularly with a hydrogel for local administration, significantly reduced metastatic spread and tumor growth compared to the free drug. These findings underscore the potential of PCN‐222 as an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of hard‐to‐treat cancers.
Synergistic Enhancement of Fluorescence Through Plasmon Resonance and Interfacial Charge Transfer by AgNC@AgAux Core–Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Chen Youlong , Hu Yihua , Zhang Yushuang , Huang Hao , Yang Xing , Gu Youlin , Meng Fanhao , Xia Yuhao , Fu Ziwei , Zhang Xinyuan , Chu Junhao
Published: February 2025

Bimetallic core–shell quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise in elucidating the bimetallic synergism and optoelectronic devices. The synthesis and properties of AgNC@AgAux QDs of core–shell heterostructure are reported. Significantly enhanced photoluminescence emission on these heterostructures is observed. These enhancements are attributed to electron injection and the surface plasmon‐induced strong local electric field, which are observed through time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectra and density functional theory confirms the electron injection from the Ag core to the AgAux shell. On the other hand, the plasmon resonance of the AgNC@AgAux QDs has been studied by finite‐element method analysis and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra. There are 94.06 times fluorescence enhancement and 32.40 times quantum yield improvement of oxygen content correlation compared to AgAu3 QDs. It shows a perfect correlation coefficient of 98.85% for the detection of heavy metal Cu2+ ions. Such Bimetallic core–shell heterostructures have great potential for future optoelectronic devices, optical imaging, and other energy‐environmental applications.
Photonic Nanomaterials for Wearable Health Solutions
Authors: Park Taewoong , Leem Jung Woo , Kim Young L. , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: February 2025

This review underscores the transformative potential of photonic nanomaterials in wearable health technologies, driven by increasing demands for personalized health monitoring. Their unique optical and physical properties enable rapid, precise, and sensitive real‐time monitoring, outperforming conventional electrical‐based sensors. Integrated into ultra‐thin, flexible, and stretchable formats, these materials enhance compatibility with the human body, enabling prolonged wear, improved efficiency, and reduced power consumption. A comprehensive exploration is provided of the integration of photonic nanomaterials into wearable devices, addressing material selection, light‐matter interaction principles, and device assembly strategies. The review highlights critical elements such as device form factors, sensing modalities, and power and data communication, with representative examples in skin patches and contact lenses. These devices enable precise monitoring and management of biomarkers of diseases or biological responses. Furthermore, advancements in materials and integration approaches have paved the way for continuum of care systems combining multifunctional sensors with therapeutic drug delivery mechanisms. To overcome existing barriers, this review outlines strategies of material design, device engineering, system integration, and machine learning to inspire innovation and accelerate the adoption of photonic nanomaterials for next‐generation of wearable health, showcasing their versatility and transformative potential for digital health applications.
Manipulating Carrier Behavior by the Size Effect of Decoration in MoS2 Photodetectors
Authors: Xu Xinzi , Duan Ran , Qi Weihong , Liu Xuqing , Liu Weimin
Published: February 2025

As an eye‐catching 2D material, MoS2 has tunable optical and electrical properties. However, the rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs intrinsically significantly hinders the performance improvement of MoS2 photodetectors. Achieving carrier manipulation to suppress recombination is crucial and challenging for MoS2 photodetectors. Herein, we report three MoS2 photodetectors decorated with platinum single atoms (Pt SAs), platinum single‐layer clusters (Pt SCs), and platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs) via an impregnation method. Carrier recombination in MoS2 is suppressed by growing Pt SAs, Pt SCs, and Pt NCs. Furthermore, Pt SAs, Pt SCs, and Pt NCs have different effects on carrier behavior due to the size effect and disparate interactions with MoS2. Among the Pt SA/MoS2, Pt SC/MoS2, and Pt NC/MoS2 devices, Pt SC/MoS2 exhibits a responsivity (R) of 1.44 × 102 A W−1 and a specific detectivity (D*) of 1.07 × 1010 Jones under 532 nm illumination with a power density of 0.5 mW cm−2. This work will deepen the understanding of the relationship between the size effect and carrier behavior and provide a theoretical basis for carrier manipulation of photodetectors.
Effect of Core Geometry on Frequency Correlations and Channel Capacity of a Multimode Optical Fiber
Authors: Hammer Henry C. , Uppu Ravitej
Published: February 2025

Photons are the fundamental carriers of classical and quantum information across long distances via optical fibers. Multimode fibers with many transverse optical modes can support high‐capacity communication through space‐division multiplexing. While spatial correlations in light transmission via fibers have been investigated for counteracting mode mixing, less is known about frequency correlations, which are critical for high‐capacity communication using ultrashort pulses. This study uses complex wavefront shaping methods to investigate how core geometry affects the frequency correlation bandwidth of structured wavefronts in circular and rectilinear‐core fibers. Measurements reveal that rectilinear‐core fibers exhibit up to a 40% increase in frequency correlation bandwidth compared to circular core fibers, particularly when focusing light away from the fiber center—common in spatially multiplexed optical communication. This enhanced bandwidth results in a 20% boost in optical communication channel capacity, highlighting the potential of rectilinear core fibers. Furthermore, this observation of novel spatiotemporal wave correlations could be exploited for application of rectilinear core fibers in chip‐to‐chip interconnects for photonic quantum processors, contributing to scale up of photonic quantum technologies.
Advancing Energy Materials by In Situ Atomic Scale Methods
Authors: Jooss Christian , Seibt Michael , Wenderoth Martin , Bünermann Oliver , Bunjes Ole , Domröse Till , Eckel Christian , Falorsi Francesca , Flathmann Christoph , de Azagra Monica Kolek Martinez , Krüger Matthias , Lindner Jonas , Meyer Tobias , Ropers Claus , Ross Ulrich , Rossnagel Kai , Lalithambika Sreeju Sreekantan Nair , Techert Simone , Traeger Georg A. , Volkert Cynthia , Weitz R. Thomas , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: February 2025

Despite significant advancements in materials design for renewable energy devices, the fundamental understanding of the underlying processes in many materials remains limited, particularly in complex, inhomogeneous systems and interfaces. In such cases, in situ studies with high spatial and energy resolution are essential for uncovering new insights into excitation, dissipation, and conversion processes. Recent progress in in situ atomic scale methods has greatly enhanced the understanding of energy materials. Here, key advances are reviewed, including in situ, environmental and ultra‐fast transmission electron microscopy, scanning probe techniques, single‐photon‐resolved infrared spectroscopy, velocity‐resolved molecular kinetics, and in situ grazing‐incidence X‐ray spectroscopy. These techniques enable the study of energy conversion with spatial resolution from nanometers down to individual atoms, energy resolution down to meV, and single‐quantum detection. Especially they enable access to processes that involve multiple degrees of freedom, strong coupling, or spatial inhomogeneities. They have driven a qualitative leap in the fundamental understanding of energy conversion processes, opening new avenues for improving existing materials and designing novel clean and efficient energy materials in photovoltaics, friction, and surface chemistry and (photo‐)electrochemistry.
CsSnI3 Quantum Dots as a Multifunctional Interlayer for High‐Efficiency Bilayer Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Chunchen , Zhen Xiaojian , Peng Wenyuan , Huang Kaixin , Zhang Luozheng , Li Ziyi , Zhou Xianyong , Chen Jinbo , Chu Lian , Yan Wensheng , Fukuda Kenjiro , Sheng Yifa , Wang Xingzhu , Liu Chang
Published: February 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant interest due to their potential for high performance at low cost. While single‐junction PSCs have surpassed 26% efficiency, they are nearing their theoretical limits. Introducing dual absorber layers can broaden the spectral absorption range, enhancing performance. This study explores a zero‐dimensional/three‐dimensional (0D/3D) bilayer structure combining three‐dimensional (3D) FAPbI3 with zero‐dimensional (0D) cesium tin triiodide (CsSnI3) quantum dots (QDs) as an interfacial modification layer. The CsSnI3 QDs establish a cascade energy level structure, improving charge transfer efficiency at the perovskite‐hole transport layer (HTL) interface. Their narrow bandgap enhances light absorption efficiency, boosting hole extraction and short‐circuit current density. Incorporating CsSnI3 QDs into PSCs significantly improves the power conversion efficiency from 22.99% to 25.72% compared to 3D perovskite solar cells without the CsSnI3 QD interlayer. Also, surface‐passivated CsSnI3 QDs with hydrophobic ligands provide moisture resistance and interfacial passivation, increasing stability. Using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFA) to modify CsSnI3 QDs further enhances moisture resistance, allowing PSCs to maintain 85% of initial efficiency for over 60 days at 25% relative humidity without encapsulation, demonstrating significant stability improvements. The incorporation of CsSnI3 QDs in PSCs notably increases power conversion efficiency.
High Crystalline MxSby (M═Fe, Co, and Ni) Nanocrystals Tuned by Antimony for Boosting Overall Water Splitting Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Si Jiwen , Chen Zihan , Zhao Longxin , Qiu Fagui , Li Wenqing , Zhang Wei , Miao Shiding
Published: February 2025

Six types of MxSby compounds (Fe, Co, and Ni antimonides) are synthesized in form of mono‐dispersed nanocrystallites (NCs) via a hot‐injection metathesis‐reduction. Various contents of Sb atoms are found to drive crystallographic structure and re‐coordination in the MxSby materials, leading to rhythmical changes of orthorhombic M3Sb→hexagonal MSb→monoclinic (or orthorhombic) MSb2. The crystallography is identified as crucial factor in electrocatalysis of water splitting at cathodic and anodic electrodes, respectively. Owning to the in‐plane microstrain distributed along (001) plane, the synthesized Ni3Sb NCs are more suitable to catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), sharing overpotential (η10) of 93 mV@10 mA cm−2 with Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1, and extremely low hydrogen adsorption resistance (0.019 Ω) is obtained. The orthorhombic FeSb2 NCs featured with larger deprotonation capacity of 13.71 mC V−1 excelled in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrolysis, and is confirmed to facilitate minimal deformation of the OOH*. The integrated devices (FeSb2‖Ni3Sb) are tested as efficient catalyst for overall water splitting (1.58 V@10 mA cm−2) with long stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidated the particular coordination of Sb with proper electronegativity (2.05) is able to adjust active sites, relax electronic attraction, and benefit electrochemical reactions.
On‐aim generation of monodisperse droplets from piezoelectric pulsation‐driven glass nozzles
Authors: Zha Jinping , Zhu Hong , Shang Liangchao , Lu Yongchen , Wu Winston Duo , Chen Xiao Dong , Xiao Jie
Published: February 2025

Piezoelectric pulsation‐driven glass nozzles are capable of generating monodisperse droplets through liquid jet breakup. Due to the lack of fundamental understanding of this process, how to ensure uniform droplet generation with a specified size for liquids with specific rheological properties remains unknown. In this work, the complete atomization process including phenomena in and outside of the nozzle has been described by a new multi‐physics model, where the expensive in‐nozzle simulation can be rigorously replaced by a semi‐empirical relationship. This computationally efficient model allowed us to systematically and quantitatively explore the influence of different material and operating parameters on jet breakup. It was found unintuitively that the surface tension has negligible influence on droplet size and its distribution. The droplet size can be independent of the nozzle radius under the condition of a constant inflow rate. Moreover, a detailed guideline was established to achieve on‐aim size control of the atomized droplets.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Sulfimides
Authors: Tsuzuki Saori , Kano Taichi
Published: February 2025

Chiral sulfimides (sulfilimines), aza‐analogues of sulfoxides, are valuable compounds in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. They show unique biological properties, and the stereochemistry of the sulfur atom affects their biological activity. This mini‐review highlights the development in asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfimides over the last hundred years.
Signs of Cortical Inflammation in Migraine Measured with Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Registry for Migraine (REFORM) Study
Authors: Christensen Rune H. , Ashina Håkan , Al‐Khazali Haidar M. , Ocampo‐Pineda Mario , Rahmanzadeh Reza , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Granziera Cristina , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Ashina Messoud
Published: February 2025

Objective

The involvement of cortical inflammation in migraine, particularly migraine with aura, has been a subject of considerable interest, but has proved challenging to demonstrate. We aimed to detect and characterize signs of cortical inflammation in adults with migraine using a novel, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique.

Methods

We used T2 mapping to measure water content/cellularity, T1 mapping to measure tissue microstructure integrity, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping to measure intra‐ or extracellular edema. We compared these values between participants with migraine (with and without aura) and healthy controls using general linear models adjusted for age and sex.

Result

Two hundred ninety‐six adult participants with migraine and 155 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls provided eligible imaging data. Among the participants with migraine, 103 had migraine with aura, 180 chronic migraine, and 88 were ictal during the scan. Participants with migraine had higher quantitative T2 (qT2) in the left occipital cortex than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). In migraine with aura, the higher qT2 was more widespread and located bilaterally in the occipital cortices, compared with controls (left, p < 0.0001; right p = 0.004). Post‐hoc analysis revealed overlapping ADC elevations in migraine with aura compared with controls (p = 0.0069).

Interpretation

Quantitative MRI changes compatible with cortical inflammation were detected in participants with migraine, and appeared driven by the subgroup with aura. Higher occipital qT2 in migraine with aura might represent either extracellular edema or accumulation of inflammatory microglia or astrocytes. These results support the importance of cortical inflammation in migraine pathophysiology, particularly in migraine with aura. ANN NEUROL 2025
Chemical Energy Lights Up Europium‐Based Ultra‐bright Afterglow for Bioanalysis Application
Authors: Pei Yuetian , Fan Yiwei , Sun Kuangshi , Hu Donghao , Liu Yawei , Yin Jiamiao , Chen Lei , Xu Ming , Yan Weigang , Liu Xin , Li Fuyou
Published: February 2025

Photochemical afterglow materials are gaining great attention for the property to continuously emit light after the excitation source is removed. However, their limited luminescence quantum yield (QY) and brightness hinder the use in biological applications. In this study, we introduce a novel photochemical afterglow system that combines a newly designed photoenergy cache unit (PCU) with an emitter through coordination covalent bonds. The PCU boasts a dark state to significantly emit photons only through chemiexcitation in the process of photochemical reactions, facilitating direct energy transfer to the emitter and resulting in bright afterglow. The related mechanisms further guided us to achieve the highest reported afterglow luminescence quantum yield of 27.5%. The system can be encapsulated and dispersed in aqueous solutions for in vivo bioimaging in living mice under mild and simple conditions (low concentration, low excitation power, short excitation time, short exposure time), and also for in vitro diagnostic through lateral flow immunoassay, enabling the highly sensitive detection of the inflammatory biomarker serum amyloid A (SAA) and demonstrating excellent correlation with clinical test results. This study offers new insights into enhancing luminescence QY and brightness of afterglow, highlighting the potential of such systems for further biomedical applications.
Core–Shell Structured BaTiO3@Polyethylene in Low‐Density Polyethylene: Modulation of Dispersion Structure and Improvement of Dielectric Properties
Authors: Bo Ruitian , Han Zhidong , Zhang Tiefeng , Wang Yongliang , He Peigang
Published: February 2025

Organically modified dielectric filler nanoparticles with core–shell structures have received widespread attention when designing composites with excellent dielectric properties. Herein, the core–shell structured BaTiO3@polyethylene (BT@PE) nanoparticles were prepared and the models of BT@PE filled low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were constructed. The interaction modulated nanoparticle dispersion structure and the effect of the core–shell structured BT@PE on the polarization and breakdown of the composites were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that BT@PE modulated the interactions between particles, formed a well‐dispersed structure in the LDPE matrix, and optimized the electric field distribution inside the composites. Moreover, due to the existence of microscopic transition layer, the core–shell structured BT@PE increased the interfacial polarization while suppressed the electric field distortion. BT@PE nanoparticles simultaneously enhanced the dielectric constant and breakdown strength of the composites.
Public Concern of Fishing and Conservation Under the ‘Ten‐Year Fishing Ban’ Policy: Implications to Action Planning for Riverine Cetaceans
Authors: Li Qiyue , Zhong Jianwei , Wang Jingbo , Zhong Yexi , Lai Geying , Feng Xinghua , Zhao Jiacheng
Published: February 2025

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is one of the major anthropogenic impacts threatening aquatic ecosystem functioning. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR), effective mitigation measures for IUU fishing are still absent, primarily due to gaps in prioritizing conservation actions and limited enforcement capabilities. In the present study, keywords associated with public concern, resource endowments and conservation efforts on online platforms were searched and analysed using the entropy‐weighting method to identify major areas in the MLYR requiring immediate mitigation measures against IUU fishing. Key factors associated with the variation in public concern in these major areas were examined to discuss the feasibility of guiding actions against IUU fishing. From 2011 to 2023, public concern on IUU fishing were increasing, though the trend for recreational angling was not statistically significant. Following the implementation of the ‘Ten‐Year Fishing Ban’ policy in Yangtze River, public concern on IUU fishing significantly increased. Changes in public concern were correlated with domestic human population, GDP, water area and the number of fishers. The results of entropy‐weighting analysis highlighted the catchments of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake as the major areas for reinforcing IUU fishing mitigation. In Poyang Lake, the areas requiring reinforced patrols and enforcement against IUU fishing include habitats around the river mouth of the Ganjiang River and central‐eastern part of the lake during the flood season and the southern and eastern tributaries of the lake during the dry season. We recommend advancing the application of web‐based data in biodiversity conservation and encouraging policy interventions to engage anglers as advocates for aquatic conservation, fostering a sound patrol network through social engagement.
SLAMF4 orchestrates the cytotoxic response of CD4+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lacaud Mégane , Bouzidi Houda‐Ghozlane , Petit Mylène , Breckler Magali , Lemeiter Delphine , Sigaux Johanna , Rivière Elodie , Semerano Luca , Boissier Marie‐Christophe , Bessis Natacha , Biton Jérôme
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess whether signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptors (SLAMFs) are involved in the shaping of the pathological response of CD4+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) mononuclear cells from RA patients were freshly isolated. In RA, we used a multi‐modal approach to determine the involvement of numerous subpopulations of CD4+ T cells expressing SLAMFs. Experimentally, multiple flow cytometry panels, RNA sequencing and ex vivo stimulations were used. Analyses involved high‐dimensional unsupervised clustering of flow cytometry data and pathway enrichment analyses of transcriptomic data.

Results

In PB of RA patients with active disease, SLAMF4+ effector memory T cells (Tem) represented the only overrepresented subpopulation of CD4+ T cells expressing SLAMFs. This positive correlation between RA activity and SLAMF4+ Tem was restricted to those co‐expressing the intracellular molecule SAP and the tissue‐homing receptor CCR5. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of RNA‐sequencing data reveals that SLAMF4+ CCR5+ Tem display a cytotoxicity‐related gene signature. Moreover, based on the differential expression of cytotoxicity markers (GPR56, CX3CR1, granzyme‐B, perforin and granulysin), unsupervised clustering of flow cytometry data identified distinct subpopulations of PB cytotoxic Tem. Among them, only SLAMF4high SAP+ CCR5+ Tem (Cytotox‐F4high Tem) were correlated with RA activity. Remarkably, Cytotox‐F4high Tem emerged as the only cytotoxic population of CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs) present in SF of patients with active disease.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes that Cytotox‐F4high Tem represent a significant CD4+ CTL subpopulation involved in RA, suggesting that their inhibition represent a promising therapeutic interest.
Loading Pt Nanoparticles on Ultrathin Amorphous Nanobelts for Enhanced Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Li Yan , Liu Xinzheng , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua
Published: February 2025

Due to unique metal‐support interactions, loaded structures have been widely used in the structural design of hydrogen‐extraction reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. However, the development of catalysts that are both active and stable remains a great challenge. Herein, we successfully anchored Pt nanoparticles on ultrathin nanobelts to construct a crystalline/amorphous Pt NPs/CNWOx NBs heterostructure, which possesses the dual advantages of fast electron transfer in crystalline materials and effective exposure of active sites in amorphous materials. The obtained catalyst exhibits great HER catalytic performance in both 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH. Compared with CNWOx nanobelts, Pt‐loaded Pt NPs/CNWOx NBs exhibits lower overpotentials and faster HER kinetics. For acidic and alkaline HER, the catalyst required only low overpotentials of 35 mV and 60 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively, which is even better than that of commercial Pt/C. And Pt NPs/CNWOx NBs shows almost no degradation after long time stability tests. It is found that the composite structure of crystalline/amorphous, the heterogeneous interface and the introduction of Pt synergize with each other to achieve increased number of active sites and enhanced intrinsic activity, resulting in excellent electrocatalytic HER activity and stability.
New Ru(III) 2,6‐Bis(2‐Benzimidazolyl)Pyridine Complexes Bearing P‐Sub‐Benzyl Thiosemicarbazones Schiff Base: Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Binding and Anti‐cancer Activity
Authors: Singh Ashok K. , Singh Ravindra K. , Pandav Kumud , Bano Swaila , Arshi Farha , Kumar Amarendra , Kumar Singh Sudheer , Chandra Ramesh
Published: February 2025

The six mononuclear Schiff's base Ru(III) complexes viz., [Ru(BZP)(LA)2].2NO3 (MRA), [Ru(BZP)(LB)2].2NO3 (MRB), [Ru(BZP))(LC)2].2NO3 (MRC), [Ru(BZP))(LD)2].2NO3 (MRD), [Ru(BZP)(LE)2].2NO3 (MRE) and [Ru(BZP)(LF)2].2NO3 (MRF), were synthesized using of (BZP=2,6‐bis(2‐benzimidazolyl)pyridine and p‐sub‐benzylthiosemicarbazones (BTS) [(Sub=4‐NO2 (LA), 4‐N(CH3)2 (LB), 4‐Cl (LC), 4‐OCH3 (LD), 4‐OCH2Ph (LE), and 4‐OH (LF)] as an ancillary ligands. The thiosemicarbazones ligands (LA‐LF) were obtained by the condensation of p‐substituted benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESR, ESI‐MS, electronic absorption spectroscopy. The geometry was optimized by theoretical calculation using DFT and structure reveals that MRA‐MRF adopt octahedral geometry. Further, the complexes were examined for anti‐cancer against Leukemia cancer cell line K562 and shown significant responses to these cells. Moreover, DNA binding studies were conducted with all complexes MRA‐MRF and the binding constant (Kb) were found i.e., 1.10×104, 1.54×104, 2.87×104, 1.67×104, 1.98×104 and 1.59×104, respectively. It was found that DNA binds in intercalation mode which is also validated by the docking studies.
Research–practice partnerships in education: Lessons from the United States
Authors: France Rachel
Published: February 2025

In response to a proposal to reframe the ‘research into practice’ agenda in UK education using partnership working, this paper examines a type of collaborative research known as a research–practice partnership (RPP), drawing on models established in education in the United States. It examines their characteristics and what has been learnt from several decades of experience before reflecting on the relevance of this literature for the UK context. RPPs can allow researchers to gain a better understanding of practice problems and, by involving practitioners and local policymakers, the resulting research is likely to be more relevant to local users. The paper highlights the importance of relationship building, considerations around locus of power and issues related to boundary working. It considers aspects of the underlying research infrastructure in the United Kingdom relevant to partnership working, including the role of local authorities, research funding structures and the general research environment. Changes to the Research Excellence Framework and funders' requirements, as well as shifts in policy approaches to research, all suggest that support for more collaborative working in the United Kingdom may be growing.
Betrayal From the Core: Centriolar and Cytoskeletal Subversion by Infectious Pathogens
Authors: Amita Himanshi , Subair Zidhan , Mora Tulasiram , Dudhe Pranay Eknath , Dhanasekaran Karthigeyan
Published: February 2025

Microbes and parasites have evolved several means to evade and usurp the host cellular machinery to mediate pathogenesis. Being the major microtubule‐organizing center (MTOC) of the cell, the centrosome is targeted by multiple viral and nonviral pathogens to mediate their assembly and trafficking within the host cell. This review examines the consequence of such targeting to the centrosome and associated cytoskeletal machinery. We have also amassed a substantial body of evidence of viruses utilizing the cilia within airway epithelium to mediate infection and the hijacking of host cytoskeletal machinery for efficient entry, replication, and egress. While infections have been demonstrated to induce structural, functional, and numerical aberrations in centrosomes, and induce ciliary dysfunction, current literature increasingly supports the notion of a pro‐viral role for these organelles. Although less explored, the impact of bacterial and parasitic pathogens on these structures has also been addressed very briefly. Mechanistically, the molecular pathways responsible for these effects remain largely uncharacterized in many instances. Future research focusing on the centriolar triad comprising the centrosome, cilia, and centriolar satellites will undoubtedly provide vital insights into the tactics employed by infectious agents to subvert the host centriole and cytoskeleton‐based machinery.
Structure‐Atropisomer Stability Relationship in Selective MCL‐1 Inhibitors
Authors: Sipos Szabolcs , Balazs Barbara , Gati Tamas , Csékei Márton , Kováacs Mihály , Szlavik Zoltan , Paczal Attila , Bálint Balázs , Murray James B. , Davidson James , Hubbard Roderick E. , Le Toumelin‐Braizat Gaëtane , Maragno Ana Leticia , Geneste Olivier , Stirling András , Kotschy András
Published: February 2025

Atropisomersm is an emerging feature in recent drug candidates due to the increasing complexity of the targeted protein surfaces. The developability of the drug candidates requires that their atropisomer interconversion is either fast or very slow at ambient temperature therefore the understanding and predictability of the isomerization rate is of great importance. Through a series of selective MCL‐1 inhibitors we studied how structural features influence the interconversion of atropisomers. Besides basic observations such as stability in solution, we also carried out NMR kinetics at varying temperatures and a quantum chemical assessment of the isomerization process. The results of our theoretical studies and experimental investigations matched nicely when it came to predicting the presence or absence of isomerization at ambient temperature. For certain compounds we also measured the rotational barrier that fitted nicely the predicted values. The better understanding of how structural elements impact atropisomer stability enables the more efficient optimization of this important feature.
A Case of Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma of the Lung With Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Lu Xunlai , Liu Shengfu , Ma Luyao , Zhu Junwei , Cao Wei
Published: February 2025

Background

Synovial sarcoma, a highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, is mostly seen among young people and tends to occur in the extremities. It most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, and symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing are common after metastasis. However, multiple spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively rare. This article aims to further enhance the understanding of synovial sarcoma by introducing a case of pulmonary metastasis after surgery for synovial sarcoma originating from the sole of the foot and reviewing relevant literature.

Case

The Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Northeast Yunnan Central Hospital Region admitted a 40‐year‐old male patient. He had previously undergone surgery for synovial sarcoma on the left foot dorsum. Seven years after the surgery, the patient experienced two spontaneous pneumothorax events. A chest CT scan revealed solid nodules in the upper lobe of the left lung. Our department performed surgical removal, and pathology confirmed metastatic pulmonary synovial sarcoma. After the surgery, the patient's symptoms improved significantly, and there were no further pneumothorax attacks. The patient was then transferred to the oncology department for further treatment to improve prognosis.

Conclusion

Pulmonary metastasis of synovial sarcoma is not uncommon, and a considerable number of patients are found to have no surgical opportunity when diagnosed. In this case, the patient presented with a single solid nodule, and we adopted surgery as the first‐line treatment, combined with a comprehensive treatment plan of postoperative chemotherapy to further improve the patient's prognosis.
Cyclically Generated Phase Segregation Synergizing with Si Enhances Lithium‐Ion Storage Capability
Authors: Zhu Haoyuan , Yu Zaoyan , Song Yushuai , Liu Shun , Zhao Luzheng , Guo Jiancong , Li Wenruo , Han Xu , Wen Zhongsheng
Published: February 2025

Silicon‐based materials has been focused as potential candidates for lithium‐ion battery anodes due to their sufficient reserves and extremely high specific capacity. However, the drastic volume expansion during the cycling leads to material pulverization and instability of the solid‐electrolyte interface resulting in the rapid capacity fading, which restricts their commercial application. In this study, an original synergistic effect resulting from the phase segregation of Mn‐based metal organic framework (Mn‐MOF) during cycling is proposed to modify silicon via a facile self‐assembly method and investigated as an anode material in LIBs. The unique composite structure can effectively improve the reversibility of silicon and enhance the lithium‐ion storage capability. After 400 cycles, the Si@Mn‐MOF composite exhibits a good electrochemical performance, achieving a high reversible capacity retention of 1234.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1.
Enhancing Spectral Coverage, Efficiency, and Photometric Accuracy in Ultrafast Fluorescence Upconversion Spectroscopy
Authors: Kapitzke Marco , Palato Samuel , Raj Amar , Kumpulainen Tatu , Stähler Julia
Published: February 2025

Time‐resolved fluorescence techniques are essential for studying the excited‐state dynamics of molecules and materials, as well as their interactions with the surrounding media. Fluorescence upconversion provides femtosecond time resolution, but its limited spectral coverage often restricts its application. Broadband variants of fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy (FLUPS) offer improved spectral coverage but require balancing spectral bandwidth against signal strength. In this paper, we introduce a three‐angle method (3‐AM) for FLUPS designed to overcome these limitations. This method enhances spectral coverage, photometric accuracy, and signal‐to‐noise ratio by recording and averaging spectrally resolved upconversion signals at three distinct crystal angles. Unlike other techniques that rely on spectral reconstruction or continuous crystal rotation during acquisition, the 3‐AM relies on fixed crystal positions, allowing for robust post‐acquisition corrections. We validate the performance and reproducibility of the 3‐AM by comparing it with the conventional fixed‐angle approach, as well as through blind testing in two independent laboratories. Despite variations in experimental configuration, the 3‐AM consistently produces reproducible spectral line shapes across the two setups. The enhanced performance and reliability demonstrate its practicality for laboratories with broadband FLUPS capabilities. Thus, the 3‐AM is a valuable tool for investigating ultrafast radiative processes in previously inaccessible molecular and material systems.
Contributions of Microscopy to the Morphological Characterization of the Male Genitalia of Toxomerus politus (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Silva Ingrid G. M. , Souza Alexandre A. F. , Silveira Ariane P. , Barros‐Cordeiro Karine B. , Lopes Welinton R. , Báo Sonia N.
Published: February 2025

The study of insects has historically been linked to the development of microscopy. As techniques have improved, research into insect morphology can increasingly contribute to a better understanding of the structures and functions of the morphological characters of insects' three tagmata. We propose the use of methodologies applied in microscopy as a way of improving and facilitating the study of the morphological characters of fly genitalia. In addition, flies preserved in 70% alcohol were used to verify the feasibility of distinguishing ultrastructural characters in the spermatozoa, when not previously fixed for the preservation of morphological structures. We have shown that it is viable to enhance preservation of specimens using a scanning electron microscopy technique. In addition, the observation of genitalia using this technique, together with confocal laser scanning microscopy, enables better visualization, description, and understanding of the morphological characteristics of fly genitalia. We also noted, in analysis using transmission electron microscopy, that it is possible to recover and describe some morphological features of the ultrastructure of Toxomerus politus (Say, 1823) sperm, obtained from flies stored in 70% alcohol for a long period of time. Comparison between the methods used to investigate the structures of T. politus, observed after preserving the specimen, already demonstrates the importance of using appropriate methodology as a starting point for reliable results. The methodologies and techniques adopted in this work have the potential to be extrapolated to research into other species of flies and other insects in a broad context.
An Enhanced IOMT and Blockchain‐Based Heart Disease Monitoring System Using BS‐THA and OA‐CNN
Authors: Devarajan Mohanarangan Veerappermal , Yallamelli Akhil Raj Gaius , Yalla Rama Krishna Mani Kanta , Mamidala Vijaykumar , Ganesan Thirusubramanian , Sambas Aceng
Published: February 2025

The heart disease monitoring system is helpful for doctors to understand the overall heart health of patients by measuring the functions of the heart via IoMT devices. However, the existing studies did not consider the arrhythmias' consequences along with ECG and PCG to predict heart disease accurately. Therefore, this paper presents an enhanced IoMT and blockchain‐based heart disease monitoring system using BS‐THA and OA‐CNN. The doctor and patient can initially register and log in to the system. At this point, the keys are generated for patients and doctors. After login, the data sensing is done, and the sensed data is uploaded to the IPFS. Next, the hashcode is generated and stored in the blockchain. In the meantime, MAC is created and verified for authentication. After verifying the MAC, the sensed data is given to the heart disease classification system, which is trained based on preprocessing, spectrum analysis, signal decomposition by PV‐EMD, scalogram, and grayscale conversion, ECG and PCG wavelet components extraction, ECG wave intervals extraction, arrhythmia consequences, feature extraction by DPCA, feature selection, and classification. Finally, the proposed OA‐CNN effectively classified heart disease. Thus, the results proved that the proposed methodology achieved a higher accuracy of 98.32%, which is better than the prevailing models.