bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Radiologic and Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Gjørup T. , Agner E. , Jensen L. Bording , Jensen A. Mørup , Møllmann K.-M.
Published: June 2015

Patients with upper abdominal pain are often examined with both double contrast study of the stomach and endoscopy. On the basis of the results of the two examinations four diagnostic criteria of an ulcer can be formed: 1) radiography reveals an ulcer, 2) endoscopy reveals an ulcer, 3) both radiography and endoscopy reveal an ulcer, and 4) radiography and/or endoscopy reveals an ulcer. In a prospective study the accuracy of each of the four diagnostic criteria was examined. Eighty-two randomly selected outpatients had a double contrast barium examination and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed by staff personnel. The diagnosis of a specialist in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was used as the standard. For the four diagnostic criteria the overall accuracy ranged from 0.80 to 0.88. The predictive value of a positive test result was around 0.70 and the predictive value of a negative test result ranged from 0.81 to 0.96. The specificity ranged from 0.87 to 0.95, and the sensitivity from 0.38 to 0.90. It is concluded that from a clinical point of view, the accuracy of the four diagnostic criteria does not differ to an extent that justifies recommendation of one diagnostic criterion of gastric ulcer rather than the other.
Intraarterial Doxorubicin Infusion Treatment with and without Occlusion of the Renal Artery in Rabbit Renal VX-2 Carcinoma
Authors: Gadeholt G. , Göthlin J. H.
Published: June 2015

The aim of this investigation was to establish an animal model for studying fractionated intraarterial treatment of a rabbit kidney VX-2 carcinoma. As repeated catheterizations and drug infusions may cause vascular lesions, we wanted to find whether the rabbit renal artery could be catheterized several times within a short period of time with acceptable iatrogenic vascular trauma. Each of 3 groups of rabbits with implanted renal VX-2 carcinoma were treated 3 times with either 1) temporary renal artery occlusion combined with infusion (occlusion infusion) of a) physiologic saline (OIS) or b) doxorubicin (OID), or 2) with renal artery infusion of doxorubicin. OID was administered in 20 of 21 attempts, OIS in 21 of 24, and infusion of doxorubicin in 20 of 21 attempts. Renal arterial spasm was seen in 5 of 22 rabbits, rarely at the first catheterization, more frequently during the second and third. Permanent iatrogenic vascular trauma occurred in 4 of 15 rabbits after the second and third occlusion infusion. We conclude that the rabbit kidney with implanted VX-2 carcinoma may be a useful model for testing fractionation schemes for multiple intraarterial infusions of antineoplastic drugs.
Persisting Intraventricular Fat-Fluid Levels following Surgery on a Ruptured Dermoid Cyst of the Posterior Fossa
Authors: Larsson E.-M. , Brandt L. , Holtås S.
Published: June 2015

Intracranial dermoid cysts occasionally rupture spontaneously into the ventricles or into the subarachnoid space. In such cases, intraventricular fat-fluid levels are invariably evident at computed tomography and may even be visible on a conventional radiograph of the skull. A case is described in which fat was observed to remain in the ventricles long after surgical removal of a dermoid cyst. We think that this fat, by causing obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, should be regarded as a potential cause of intermittent elevation of intracranial pressure.
Vasoactivity of Verapamil in the Canine Hindlimb and Sympathetic Nervous System Interaction
Authors: Dalessandri K. M. , Lantz B. M. T.
Published: June 2015

Since enhanced sensitivity to verapamil in essential hypertension has been noted, a relationship between verapamil and the sympathetic nervous system has been suggested. It has also been noted that both verapamil and lumbar sympathectomy appear to decrease the vasospasm seen in Raynaud's phenomenon. To further investigate the possible interrelationship between verapamil and the sympathetic nervous system, a unilateral lumbar sympathectomy was performed on eight dogs. Two weeks later the femoral artery blood flow response to intra-arterial verapamil was compared on the sympathectomy limb side and the non-sympathectomy limb side, Blood flow measurements were done without surgical trauma by video dilution technique. Although baseline femoral artery blood flow was unchanged and equal on both sides following sympathectomy (4.6% of cardiac output), there was a significant rise, p<0.05, in the blood flow response to verapamil on the side of sympathectomy. Therefore, sympathectomy appears to enhance the calcium channel blocking properties of verapamil
Three-Dimensional Demonstration of Liver and Spleen by a Computer Graphics Technique
Authors: Kashiwagi T. , Mitsutani N. , Koizumi T. , Kimura K.
Published: June 2015

Three-dimensional demonstration of the liver and spleen has been developed using a computer graphics technique. Three-dimensional models were constructed from organ-surface information derived from computed tomographic images. Three-dimensional images could be displayed as wire-frame or solid models on a color display tube. After examining the accuracy of this technique using a liver phantom, this technique was applied to the human liver and spleen. The anatomic surface of the liver and spleen appeared realistic when viewed from any direction. In liver cirrhosis, abnormal configuration of the liver and spleen was vividly demonstrated. The liver was displayed as a wire-frame, while a hepatoma was presented as a solid form in the same image. This combined display clarified the intrahepatic location of the hepatoma together with its configuration. It is thus expected that this technique will prove clinically useful in the noninvasive evaluation of patho-morphologic changes in the liver and spleen.
Effect of Glucagon-(1–21)-Peptide on Gastroduodenal Motility during Upper Gastrointestinal Examination
Authors: Strandberg C. , Falkenløve P. , Dorph S. , Jakobsen S. H. , Thomsen H. S.
Published: June 2015

The inhibitory effect of glucagon-(1–21)-peptide on the motility of the stomach and duodenum during radiologic double contrast studies was examined. In a randomized trial of equimolar doses of glucagon and glucagon-(1–21)-peptide on 70 patients, glucagon-(1–21)-peptide showed to have a significantly weaker effect than glucagon. Glucagon caused significant increases in plasma-glucose and plasma-insulin, while glucagon-(1–21)-peptide had no such effects. In a subsequent randomized study on 75 patients glucagon-(1–21)-peptide in various doses was tested against placebo. The effect was insignificant from that of placebo at practically all dose levels. No side effects were registered. It is concluded, that glucagon-(1–21)-peptide probably has a certain relaxing effect on the smooth muscle of the stomach and duodenum, but that this effect is too small for practical clinical use.
Monitoring of Pancreatic Graft Perfusion by First Passage Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: Thomsen H. S. , Rasmussen K. , Burcharth F. , Nielsen S. L.
Published: June 2015

The perfusion of two pancreatic transplants were examined three times a week for the first five postoperative weeks by intravenous angiography using 99Tcm-pertechnetate. Worsening of the perfusion always preceded or was associated with deterioration of the pancreatic function. Accordingly, radionuclide angiography may have an important place in the systematic monitoring of pancreatic transplants in the critical postoperative period.
Bone Scintigraphy in Staging of Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Brismar J. , Gustafson T.
Published: June 2015

The role of bone scintigraphy in the staging of bladder carcinoma before attempted radical therapy was evaluated from a personal series of 71 consecutive cases. The results from this were correlated to previous reports—accumulated data from a total of 458 staging bone scans were thus obtained. In this accumulated material metastases were diagnosed in 4.6 per cent—in 2.8 per cent true positive and in 1.7 per cent false positive findings. The effect of the bone scanning results on therapy was minimal: cystectomy was performed in spite of the diagnosis of metastases in 16 out of 21 patients. In only 4 patients (0.9%) surgery was avoided because of scintigraphy results. Scintigraphy thus has no place in the routine preoperative staging of bladder carcinoma.
Renal Medullary Cystic Disease
Authors: Olsen A. , Højhus J. Hansen , Steffensen G.
Published: June 2015

Medullary cystic disease (MCD) is an uncommon renal disease with adult onset and autosomal inheritance, eventually progressing to terminal renal failure. It may be difficult to identify because of insufficient diagnostic tools. At urography, the same ring- shaped accumulation of contrast medium at the corticomedullary junction was observed in two patients (mother and son) suffering from MCD. To our knowledge this observation has not been reported before.
Computed Tomography and Conventional Radiography in Intrathoracic Metastases from Non-Seminomatous Testicular Tumor
Authors: Lien H. H. , Lindsköld L. , Fosså S. D. , Aass N.
Published: June 2015

Conventional chest radiographs and CT scans were studied retrospectively in 283 patients with untreated non-seminomatous testicular tumor. Intrathoracic metastases were found in 47 patients, and CT was the only positive examination in 20 of them. Lung metastases were seen in 39 patients and mediastinal lymph nodes were involved in 13. The additional yield of CT in detecting metastases was most marked for the lymph nodes (tumor detected only at CT in 9 out of 13 cases as compared with 14 out of 39 for the lung parenchyma). Posterior mediastinal and retrocrural lymph nodes were most often enlarged, and involvement of these was most difficult to detect at conventional radiography.
Cysticercosis of the Brain
Authors: Almeida-Pinto J. , Veiga-Pires J. A. , Stocker A. , Coelho T. , Monteiro L.
Published: June 2015

Incidence and radiologic findings of neurocysticercosis were investigated in a series of 23 800 consecutive head examinations using computed tomography (CT). The condition was diagnosed in 168 cases (0.7%). The parenchymatous form was the most common presentation (96.3%), while the meningeal form corresponded to only 11.9 per cent of cases. These two forms coexisted in some cases. These findings reversed the knowledge on the condition based on conventional radiography. The different CT appearances in the brain are described and a new radiologic protocol for the CT evaluation of the condition is advocated, which includes a follow-up after a trial cure with Praziquantel in the presence of cysts not associated with suggestive brain calcifications. CT was more sensitive than conventional radiography in the differentiation between dead and living larvae, thus having an impact on the therapeutic management of the patients.
Range of Motion Caused by Design of the Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Herrlin K. , Selvik G. , Pettersson H. , Lidgren L.
Published: June 2015

In a clinical material of total hip prostheses, a study was performed of the range of femoral motion until impingement occurred between the neck of the femoral stem and the rim of the acetabular socket. The results were compared with the physiologic range of motion, and the clinically relevant motion restriction was measured. Restriction was most common in flexion. There was a correlation between the prosthetic design and the restriction due to impingement.
Urinary Excretion of Iohexol after Intestinal Administration in Rats with Bowel Ischaemia
Authors: Stordahl A.
Published: June 2015

Serum and urinary levels of iohexol (Omnipaque) were evaluated in 28 rats after instillation of 1.5 ml of contrast medium directly into closed small bowel segments of equal length. Ten rats had a ligature applied to the anterior mesenteric artery and vein via laparotomy, 10 animals had a ligature of the vein only and 8 had no vascular occlusion (operated controls). In addition, 3 rats (non-operated controls, normals) were gavaged with a similar volume of the same contrast medium. Radiographs were obtained every hour. Biopsy samples and blood and urine tests were taken at the end of the 4-hour observation period. On radiographs, a marked increase of urinary bladder opacity was observed after 2 to 4 hours in the rats with both vessels tied. Correspondingly high iodine levels were measured in the urine and serum at 4 hours by x-ray fluorescence analysis. Urinary levels were 27 times and serum levels 8 times that of operated controls, respectively, and 81 and 25 times that of normals. Venous occlusion affected the bladder opacity to a lesser extent, giving urinary iodine levels 12 times and serum levels twice that of normal controls. Neither urinary nor serum iodine levels were significantly different from the operated controls. The operated controls had urinary concentrations of contrast medium 3 times that of the gavaged normal controls, but a barely visible urinary bladder on radiographs. Measuring iodine levels in serum or urine may be helpful in the evaluation of the degree of mucosal injury induced by intestinal ischaemia.
A-Mode Ultrasonic Detection of Slow Flow Velocities in Vitro
Authors: Kallio T. , Alanen A. , Kormano M.
Published: June 2015

The lower limits of detection of moving particles was studied with a sensitive A-mode scanner. Particles of two different sizes (25 μm and 90 μm) were perfused with different velocities in two different tubes. The motion of single latex particles with a diameter of 90 μm could be demonstrated in both tubes. The A-mode scanner had no lower limit in detecting motion of the 90 μm particles.
Acute Lethality after Enteral Administration of Contrast Media in Anaesthetized Rats with Intestinal Ischaemia
Authors: Stordahl A. , Haider T. , Laerum F.
Published: June 2015

The acute lethality was evaluated during enteric follow-through in anaesthetized rats with a ligature applied to the anterior mesenteric artery and vein. In 121 animals 3 ml of either sodium diatrizoate, iohexol or barium sulphate was administered via orogastric tube. Alternatively, they had the oro-gastric tube inserted but no test substance instilled (controls). A total of 103 rats was observed until spontaneous death while 18 were sacrificed after 8 hours of observation. The survival time in the sodium diatrizoate group was significantly shorter than for the other three groups (p<0.006). The 50% survival time was 5 h 42 min (range 2 h 48 min to 12 h 45 min) for sodium diatrizoate as compared with 8 h 4 min to 8 h 26 min for the other three groups; iohexol 8 h 4 min (range 2 h 4 min to 14 h 43 min), barium 8 h 13 min (range 4 h 55 min to 16 h 26 min) and no instilled substance 8 h 26 min (range 3 h 38 min to 16 h 10 min) with no significant differences between these 3 groups. The use of hyperosmolar contrast media in enteric follow-through significantly shortens the survival of rats with acute intestinal ischaemia. A more rapid spread of intestinal bacteria through the distended bowel wall and the ensuing septicaemia, accompanied by enhanced dehydration, are probably the mechanisms responsible for the earlier deaths.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Epidural Spinal Arachnoid Cyst
Authors: Hald J. K. , Bakke S. J. , Nakstad P. H. , Skalpe I. O. , Wiberg J.
Published: June 2015

The myelography, CT and MR imaging findings in a patient with an epidural spinal arachnoid cyst are discussed. MR imaging excellently demonstrated cyst size, cyst location and cord compression, and should be the method of choice in these cases.
Detection of Soft-Tissue and Skeletal Infections with Ultra Low-Field (0.02 T) Mr Imaging
Authors: Hovi I. , Hekali P. , Korhola O. , Valtonen M. , Valtonen V. , Taavitsainen M. , Kivisaari A. , Hopfner-Hallikainen D. , Raininko R. , Porkka L. , Sepponen R. , Suramo I.
Published: June 2015

To evaluate the use of ultra low-field (0.02 T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection, MR examinations with T2 weighted sequences were performed in 61 patients thought to be suffering from one of four major diagnostic categories: Soft-tissue abscesses (n=22), osteomyelitis (n=21), septic arthritis (n=9) and spondylitis (n=9). Infection was confirmed for 37 of these 61 patients. The verified abscesses, arthritis, spondylitis and acute osteomyelitis could be detected by 0.02 T MR. The sensitivity was poor in cases of chronic osteomyelitis. There was one false positive finding in a patient with a possible soft tissue infection. The 0.02 T MR examination failed four times. Two patients were too heavy and another 2 patients had magnetic material in or near the scanning field. Compared with computed tomography and isotope scanning, 0.02 T MR proved a little more informative, but without any statistical significance.
Nephrotoxicity of Contrast Media in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Billström Å. , Hietala S.-O. , Lithner F. , Merikanto J. , Wirell M. , Wirell S.
Published: June 2015

A double-blind urographic and angiographic study was done with the ionic contrast medium meglumine metrizoate and the non-ionic iohexol in 90 patients with diabetes mellitus. Twenty patients were insulin dependent, and 70 non-insulin dependent diabetics. Diabetic patients with decreased as well as normal renal function prior to the examination sustained a reversible and small increase in the plasma creatinine level postexamination. The small increase caused by meglumine metrizoate was significantly higher than the increase caused by iohexol. There was also a significantly higher increase in plasma creatinine among the patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with those without nephropathy.
Staging in Local Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Thorvinger B. , Gudmundsson T. , Horvath G. , Forsberg L. , Holtås S.
Published: June 2015

Possible deep (more than an inner third of the uterine wall) myometrial invasion and cervical extension of endometrial carcinoma were evaluated prospectively using magnetic resonance (MR) and transabdominal real-time sonography (US) in 20 and 10 patients, respectively. The data obtained from these examinations were compared with hysterosalpingography (HSG) and clinical modalities including hysteroscopy, sounding and histopathologic findings after surgery. The concordance of outlining cervical extension was between MR and hysteroscopy 85 per cent, and between US and hysteroscopy 50 per cent. Deep myometrial tumor invasion was suggested in 4/10 patients by US and in 6/20 by MR, and was confirmed in all but one in each group at histologic examination of the resected uterus. There were no false negative US or MR examinations. Transabdominal US did not prove accurate in defining local endometrial carcinoma (distinguishing between stages I and II), but it may be used as an additional tool in revealing myometrial invasion. MR, however, seems to refine the delineation of uterine tumor growth.
Ultrasonography of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
Authors: Gregersen H. E. , Rasmussen O. S.
Published: June 2015

Twenty-five radiographically proven cases of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles were examined by real-time sonography using a 5 MHz linear transducer. The medial condyle was involved in 19 cases and the lateral in 6. The size of the lesions varied from a few mm to more than 30 mm in diameter. The fragmentation of the subchondral bone was demonstrated in all cases, and furthermore the osteochondral fragment and the condition of the overlying articular cartilage could be assessed. The exact indications for the technique have not yet been defined, but awaits further clinical studies.
Assessment of Digital Chest Radiography Using Stimulable Phosphor
Authors: Kehler M. , Albrechtsson U. , Andersson B. , Lárusdóttir H. , Lundin A. , Pettersson H.
Published: June 2015

In this pilot study, conventional and digital radiography of the chest was compared in 170 patients. Two digitized radiographs, one frequency modified and one simulating the conventional film-screen combination, and the conventional films were reviewed independently by 5 radiologists with different experience. In spite of the smaller size and lower spatial resolution of the digitized compared with the conventional radiograph, only slight differences were revealed in the observation of different pulmonary and mediastinal changes. Digitized radiography is therefore considered suitable for chest examinations.
Dynamic Imaging of Pulmonary Ventilation in Children Using Digital Subtraction Radiography
Authors: Svedström E. J. , Kiuru A. , Puhakka H. J.
Published: June 2015

Digital subtraction radiography is a sensitive method for imaging changes in pulmonary aeration during the respiratory cycle. The findings of 75 consecutive dynamic pulmonary examinations performed on 49 pediatric patients using this technique were reviewed together with the findings at chest radiography and, in 18 cases, with bronchoscopy. Symmetric diaphragmatic movement and synchronous, homogeneous variation in the attenuation of lung parenchyma indicated normal conditions in 9 (18%) patients. The most common abnormal finding (36 patients) was an asynchronous variation in the attenuation of the lung parenchyma. A greatly diminished or absent variation in attenuation was diagnostic for a serious air passage obstruction in 7 children. Other abnormal findings were a lowered amplitude of diaphragmatic movement, asynchronous diaphragmatic movement and mediastinal shift. In 10 patients (20%) the dynamic study showed parenchymal abnormalities when chest radiography was normal. Bronchoscopy was performed in 4 of these 10 patients and showed abnormalities in each case.
Diuresis Renography
Authors: Hvid-Jacobsen K. , Thomsen H. S. , Nielsen S. L.
Published: June 2015

In 20 patients investigated for unilateral upper urinary tract obstruction diuresis renography was performed simultaneously with 131I-hippuran and 99Tcm-MAG3 using a gamma camera with dual isotope facilities. Furosemide was administered routinely 20 min after radionuclide injection. No significant differences were found in fractional share between the two kidneys, time to maximal activity, residual activity at 20 and 30 min, or rate of emptying after furosemide administration. The MAG3 curves showed, however, better counting statistics and on scintigrams with MAG3 more anatomic details (extent of dilation and site of obstruction) could be seen. It is concluded, that MAG3 is superior to hippuran in the evaluation of patients with possible unilateral upper urinary tract obstruction by diuresis renography.
Adriamycin Nephrosis and Contrast Media
Authors: Thomsen H. S. , Golman K. , Hemmingsen L. , Larsen S. , Skaarup P.
Published: June 2015

Urine profiles (albumin, glucose, NAG, LDH, GGT and sodium) were followed for 9 days after intravenous injection of either diatrizoate, iohexol, or saline in 27 Wistar rats with nephrosis induced by Adriamycin 42 days before. Another 9 rats exposed to neither Adriamycin nor contrast media served as controls. None of the contrast media caused further increased albuminuria of significance, whereas both induced significantly increased excretion of all 5 tubular components. The excretion of NAG and sodium was significantly higher following diatrizoate than following iohexol. From 24 h post injection there was no significantly greater excretion of any of the components after either diatrizoate or iohexol than after saline among the rats given Adriamycin. At the end of day 9 after contrast medium injection neither serum sodium, potassium, glucose, urea, creatinine, nor albumin revealed any contrast media related changes. Kidney histology showed quantitatively larger lesions in kidneys exposed to Adriamycin and contrast media than in kidneys exposed to Adriamycin and saline. There were no differences between the two contrast media groups. It is thus concluded, that both high osmolar ionic and low osmolar non-ionic contrast media cause temporary tubular dysfunction but no further glomerular dysfunction in rats with nephrosis induced by Adriamycin. The histologic findings indicate that both media may worsen non-reversible renal lesions.
Effect of Sodium Addition to Non-Ionic Contrast Media on Cardiac Contractile Force
Authors: Bååth L. , Almén T. , Öksendal A.
Published: June 2015

Cardiac contractile force after adding NaCl to the non-ionic contrast media iohexol and iopentol was investigated in the isolated rabbit heart. Iodine concentrations of 150, 300 and 350 mg I/ml were used with sodium concentrations ranging from 0 to 154 mmol/l. From physiologic experiences of nutrient solutions it should follow that a sodium-free solution of a non-ionic contrast medium, which also has the lowest hypertonicity, should cause the smallest decrease in contractile force. However, a small amount of sodium added to the contrast medium solutions, in the range of 19.25 to 38.5 mmol/l, caused the least decrease in contractile force. The decrease in contractile force was significantly more pronounced when no sodium was added or when larger amounts of sodium were added. A small amount of sodium also decreases the risk of ventricular fibrillation. Thus there is a possibility that addition of sodium could reduce the adverse effects of cardioangiography.
Signal Alterations, Artifacts and Image Distortion Induced by a Superparamagnetic Contrast Medium; a Phantom Study in a 0.3 Tesla MR System
Authors: Holtås S. , Wallengren N. O. , Ericsson A. , Bach-Gansmo T.
Published: June 2015

In a phantom study using a 0.3 tesla MR system the signal alterations, artifacts and image distortion induced by a bowel contrast medium containing superparamagnetic magnetite particles were evaluated. A concentration of 20 mg iron/1 was most useful because it caused a significant signal reduction without disturbing artifacts and image distortion. The signal reduction was most pronounced on long TR/TE spin echo sequences. The appearance and distribution of artifacts are related to the direction of the static magnetic field and frequency encoding gradient. The size of artifacts is related to the concentration of the contrast medium and the band width used.
Gadolinium-Dtpa Enhancement of Soft Tissue Tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Herrlin K. , Ling L. Bi , Pettersson H. , Willén H. , Rydholm A.
Published: June 2015

In a clinical study of 13 patients, gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) was used for enhancement of soft tissue tumors at magnetic resonance imaging. Gd-enhanced T1 sequences were found to give additional information concerning tumor vascularity in 11 cases, tumor necrosis in 2 cases and tumor delineation in one case, compared with conventional T1 and T2 weighted spin echo sequences. If Gd-enhanced sequences were to be used as the only source of information, accurate assessment of tissue composition of the tumor would not have been possible. Furthermore, valuable information regarding tumor delineation towards surrounding fat may be lost.
CT Demonstration of Fistulae in Patients with Gynecologic Neoplasms
Authors: Thorvinger B. , Horvath G. , Samuelsson L.
Published: June 2015

Ten women treated for gynecologic neoplasms (8 cervical carcinomas, one vaginal and one endometrial carcinoma) were found at computed tomography (CT) to have a fistula although only 5 patients had symptoms that could be related to a fistula. Five women had vesico-vaginal fistulae, 2 recto-vaginal, 2 entero-cervical and one a vulvo-pubical fistula. Three patients had recurrent malignancy at the CT examination. We regard CT as the ragiologic method of choice in diagnosing gynecologic fistulae.
Prolonged T1 Relaxation of the Hemopoietic Bone Marrow in Patients with Chronic Leukemia
Authors: Jensen K. E. , Sørensen P. G. , Thomsen C. , Christoffersen P. , Henriksen O. , Karle H.
Published: June 2015

Eleven patients with chronic leukemia (7 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 4 with chronic myeloid leukemia) were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and T1 relaxation time measurements by use of a 1.5 tesla whole body MR scanner. Bone marrow biopsies were obtained from the posterior iliac crest (within 72 hours of the MR examination) in order to provide data on bone marrow cellularity and differential counts. The patients with chronic leukemia all showed a significant prolongation of the T1 relaxation times compared with the normal range for hemopoietic bone marrow.
Morphologic Changes in the Body of the Pancreas Secondary to a Mass in the Pancreatic Head
Authors: Muranaka T.
Published: June 2015

CT scans of 279 normal subjects and 78 patients with a pancreatic head mass were reviewed. The mean width of the pancreatic body in normal subjects was 15.8 ± 2.9 mm, but the width decreased with age. The pancreatic head to body width ratio (H/B ratio) was constant (1.45 ±0.03). In 56 patients with carcinoma, the pancreatic body width decreased as tumor size increased and uniform atrophy with continuous beading duct was common in large carcinomas. The H/B ratio in small carcinomas (< 2 cm), however, was significantly smaller than normal (p < 0.05) and an enlarged pancreatic body was seen in 55 percent of these cases. The pancreatic body width in focal inflammatory masses was large compared to that in carcinomas of comparable size; the H/B ratio (1.57) was close to normal and the duct caliber to gland width ratio was low (0.16), even with large lesions. Non-uniform pancreatic body with discontinuous duct was most commonly associated with pseudocyst. Characterization of the CT appearance of secondary changes in the pancreatic body may help to improve the diagnosis of pancreatic head mass.
Changes in MR of Malignant Melanomas Induced by Glucose and Fructose
Authors: Naeser P. , Thuomas K. Å. , Roberto A. , Larsson B. S.
Published: June 2015

MR imaging has been performed on malignant melanomas in vitro and in vivo. Changes of the water content in an enucleated malignant melanoma in vitro were followed by significant changes of the T1 and T2 values. In mice with implanted subcutaneous melanoma similar changes could be obtained after injection of glucose and fructose intraperitoneally. Malignant melanoma of the eye could be influenced in the same way in 10 consecutive patients after oral intake of glucose and fructose. The present study shows that the MR images may be significantly changed after a few hours by altered metabolism induced by glucose and fructose. It is anticipated that this is due to changes within the tumor leading to different water distribution. The finding may be of importance as a further help for diagnosing malignant melanoma of the eye.
Preoperative Localization of Enlarged Parathyroid Glands with Ultrasonically Guided Fine Needle Aspiration for Parathyroid Hormone Assay
Authors: Bergenfelz A. , Forsberg L. , Hederström E. , Ahrén B.
Published: June 2015

For preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid glands, several imaging techniques have been used. In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of using ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration for parathyroid hormone assay as a preoperative localization procedure in 21 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. A single adenoma was found in 18 patients while 3 patients had multiglandular disease. Ultrasonically guided fine needle biopsy was possible in 11 cases. In 8 of these aspirates, a high parathyroid hormone content was found. In all 8 cases the localization was confirmed at surgery. We conclude that the efficiency to preoperatively localize enlarged parathyroid glands is enhanced by fine needle aspiration.
Sclerotherapy for Ablation of the Gallbladder after Gallstone Lithotripsy with a Mechanical Lithotriptor
Authors: Lindberg C.-G. , Lundstedt C. , Jeppsson B. , Stenram U. , Stridbeck H.
Published: June 2015

Chemical ablation of the gallbladder with absolute ethanol following mechanical lithotripsy with the RotoLith lithotriptor was attempted in 10 pigs after open cholecystostomy. Two gallbladders removed immediately after the sclerotherapy demonstrated extensive ulcerations of the mucosa with preserved glands and sinuses under the ulcerations. In 8 gallbladders removed 8 weeks after sclerotherapy a gallbladder remnant with hydrops and/or mucus and more or less intact epithelium was seen in all the pigs. In order to prevent regeneration of epithelium from gallbladder sinuses and glands, more effective sclerosing agents must be found.
Ultrasonography, CT, and ERCP in the Diagnosis of Choledochal Stones
Authors: Pasanen P. , Partanen K. , Pikkarainen P. , Alhava E. , Pirinen A. , Janatuinen E.
Published: June 2015

A prospective study of jaundiced (n = 187) and nonjaundiced (n = 33) cholestatic patients was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasonography (US), CT, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the detection of choledochal stone disease. Altogether 83 patients had the final diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. In the jaundiced patients, the sensitivity of US, CT, and ERCP was 22.5%, 23.2%, and 80.6%, respectively. In cases of cholestasis without jaundice, the values were 20%, 37.5%, and 66.7%. In patients in whom all 3 imaging studies were done (n = 64), the differences between US and ERCP and between CT and ERCP were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). In most false-negative ERCP studies (10/15), the clinical course of the disease strongly suggested a passed choledochal stone. On the basis of this study, we recommend prompt ERCP to be performed if choledochal stone disease is suspected on clinical grounds.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of Crural Arteries
Authors: Flueckiger F. , Lammer J. , Klein G. E. , Hausegger K. , Pilger E. , Waltner F. , Aschauer M.
Published: June 2015

In 91 patients suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease (Fontaine stage IIb—IV) 125 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA) of crural arteries were performed. Eighty-six of the dilatations were done in combination with a recanalization procedure (PTA, laser angioplasty, fibrinolysis) of a femoropopliteal obstruction in order to improve outflow. PTA was performed with 5 F balloon catheters 2.5 to 4 mm in diameter in combination with steerable guide wires. A primary technical success was achieved in 41 of 42 (97.6%) vessels with a single stenosis, in 64 of 68 (94.1%) vessels with 2 or more stenoses, and 9 of 15 (60%) vessels with total occlusions (overall primary success rate 91.2%). Complications included spasm (n = 3), thrombosis (n = 2), peripheral embolization (n = 2), and dissection (n = 1). None of the complications required surgical intervention. After PTA, accumulative patency rate of 71% at 2 years and 64.2% at 3 years was achieved. These results demonstrated that PTA of crural arteries is a safe procedure with an excellent primary success rate and satisfying long-term results. Thus we believe that even arterial occlusive disease in the clinical stage Fontaine IIb should be accepted as an indication for crural PTA. Furthermore, crural PTA should be used to improve reduced peripheral outflow after femoropopliteal PTA.
Quantitative Radio-Isotope Scanning of the Sacroiliac Joints in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Skaar Ø. , Dale K. , Lindegaard M. W. , Førre O. , Kåss E.
Published: June 2015

A method for applying 99mTc-MDP for dynamic and static quantitative radioisotope scanning (QRS) of the sacroiliac joints (SI) in early progressive sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is described. In a prospective study, 2 groups of male AS patients were investigated, one with increased elevated erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR) (group A, n = 7) and one with normal ESR (group B, n = 8). In both groups an increased uptake of the radiotracer was found in the static part of the study versus a control group C (n = 9). An increased uptake versus group C was also found for group A in the dynamic part of the study (p = 0.01) while there was no significant difference dynamically between groups B and C. The results of the dynamic study in group A indicate ESR to be a parameter of inflammatory activity in the SI joints. The study also seems to indicate QRS to be a valuable diagnostic method in early AS without definite radiographic changes in the SI joints.
Mr Imaging with Histopathological Correlation in Vertebral Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Petrén-Mallmin M. , Nordström B. , Andréasson I. , Nyman R. , Jónsson H. , Rauschning W. , Hemmingsson A.
Published: June 2015

In 5 patients with advanced breast cancer and spinal metastases MR imaging of the spine was performed before and/or after death. T1-, proton density-, and T2-weighted and “phase contrast” images were obtained in the sagittal plane. Autopsies included histopathologic examination of whole sagittal sections of the vertebral body. The relative signal intensities on the different MR sequences of various tissues identified histologically were evaluated. “Phase contrast” images combined with T1-weighted images were highly sensitive in detecting metastases. All metastatic tumours over 3 mm in size were found with MR imaging. Vertebrae containing connective tissue and reactive bone marrow had an MR appearance similar to that of metastases even though no metastases were found histopathologically.
Influence of CT on Tumor Classification of Laryngeal Carcinomas
Authors: Dullerud R. , Johansen J. G. , Dahl T. , Faye-Lund H.
Published: June 2015

The routine use of CT in 51 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx revealed cartilage involvement or extra-laryngeal tumor growth consistent with a T4 tumor which made 14 patients candidates for laryngectomy. Only 5 of these had a T4 classification by clinical examination while 8 cases were upstaged from T3. Except for one supraglottic tumor upstaged from T2 to T4, CT did not change the classification for T1 and T2 tumors, Whose localization was mainly glottic, and there were 2 false-negative examinations. It is concluded that CT is mandatory only in advanced tumors of the glottic region or when the anterior commissure is involved. However, in suspected malignancies of the sub- or supraglottic regions CT should always be carried out because these patients are at an increased risk of unexpected deep tumor growth.
Ultrasound Guided Tumour Biopsy in the Anterior Mediastinum
Authors: Andersson T. , Lindgren P. G. , Elvin A.
Published: June 2015

To evaluate percutaneous ultrasound (US) guided tumour biopsy of the anterior mediastinum all patients scheduled for open mediastinal biopsy were considered for percutaneous biopsy during a 2-year period. US guided biopsy was chosen when CT had shown the tumour to be in contact with the thoracic wall. US guided biopsy was performed in 23 patients on 28 occasions. The procedure was technically successful in all cases and no complications occurred. In 27 of 28 cases the biopsy diagnosis was identical to the final diagnosis. In one patient with a malignant lymphoma a false diagnosis of connective tissue remnant was reached. US guided tumour biopsy of the anterior mediastinum is a safe, cost-effective and reliable method and a good alternative to the traditional biopsy techniques via mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy.
Anal Sphincter Size Measured by Endosonography in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Nielsen M. B. , Hauge C. , Rasmussen O. Ø. , Sørensen M. , Pedersen J. F. , Christiansen J.
Published: June 2015

The anal sphincter muscles consist of the circular internal and external sphincters together with the sling-shaped associated puborectalis muscle. Ten men, 10 women with no vaginal deliveries, and 10 women with one or more vaginal deliveries were studied with anal endosonography using a 7 MHz multiplanar endoprobe. The thickness of the internal sphincter and the thickness, length, and cross-sectional area of the external sphincter were measured and related to age, sex, and parity. Reproducibility was assessed by similar measurements on different days in 10 volunteers. Anal sphincter size was the same in men and women and was not affected by the number of child births. Internal sphincter muscle thickness increased with age. Anal manometry and electromyography with an anal sponge were performed in all volunteers but the results did not correlate to any of the anal sphincter dimensions. Our conclusion is that although there are some limitations, endosonography can be used to determine the size of the anal sphincter muscles.
Radiographic Contrast Media and Release of Neutrophil Specific Proteins in Vitro and after Intravenous Injection
Authors: Rasmussen F. , Antonsen S. , Georgsen J. , Christensen J. K.
Published: June 2015

The neutrophil granulocytes contain granules in which different proteins are present. When activated the neutrophils degranulate and thereby release some of these proteins to the surroundings. Some of these proteins are specific for this type of cell, e.g., lactoferrin and elastase. To investigate the influence of contrast media (CM) on this release, blood was incubated with diatrizoate, ioxaglate, iohexol, iodixanol, hyperosmolar saline, and hyperosmolar mannitol at different concentrations, and the amount of the neutrophil specific proteins lactoferrin and elastase were measured. Decreasing protein concentrations were observed for increased medium concentrations, suggesting that the degranulation process of the neutrophils was inhibited by the CM. The protein concentrations were lowest after incubation with the two ionic media diatrizoate and ioxaglate. Significantly decreased values of plasma lactoferrin were observed one min after i.v. injection of iohexol or ioxaglate in 82 patients undergoing urography. There was no significant difference between the two CM.
CT Evaluation of Compensatory Renal Growth in Relation to Postnephrectomy Time
Authors: Prassopoulos P. , Gourtsoyiannis N. , Cavouras D. , Pantelidis N.
Published: June 2015

In 27 patients nephrectoraized for renal carcinoma, the compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney was assessed by 72 CT examinations performed one month before and during 32 months after nephrectomy. Kidney size was estimated on CT by multiple measurements of the renal parenchymal thickness. Kidney growth was evaluated by comparing the amount of renal parenchyma before and after contralateral nephrectomy. Renal compensatory hypertrophy varied with postnephrectomy time. Kidney enlargement was 15% in the first 3 months, reached maximum 30% about a year later, and was reduced to 5%, 2 1/2 years postoperatively.
MR Pelvimetry — A Practical Alternative
Authors: Wright A. R. , English P. T. , Cameron H. M. , Wilsdon J. B.
Published: June 2015

Pelvimetry remains a useful technique as part of the assessment of the term breech pregnancy where vaginal delivery is planned. MR pelvimetry is accurate, well tolerated and shows soft-tissue structures as well as bone. It avoids the potentially carcinogenic effects of ionising radiation and is thought to be completely safe for mother and fetus. A technique of MR pelvimetry is described which uses gradient-echo sequences. This quick, practical method makes minimal inroads into valuable scanning time, and may therefore be considered a potentially cost-effective alternative to conventional pelvimetry.
Comparison of Image Quality and Mean Absorbed Dose to the Breast for Two Mammographic Films
Authors: Persliden J. , Fransson V. , Vitak B. , Fagerberg G.
Published: June 2015

A film intended for mammography (Kodak SO 155 MRH-1) was tested and compared to one (Kodak SO 177 Ortho M) used earlier. Both films including the cassette could resolve 20 lp/mm. For a processing time of 90 s the new film gave the same overall image quality and irradiation dose to the breast as the old system. If, instead, the processing time was increased to 150 s, a 43% reduction in kerma could be attained with the new film. With a developing temperature of 36°C and 150 s processing time, the noise is clinically acceptable. A nonparametric test showed no significant difference between the 2 films on the 0.01 level. At an X-ray tube potential difference of 25 kV, the mean absorbed dose to a 4.5-cm-thick breast was reduced from 1.7 mGy with the old combination to 1.0 mGy with the new one. The measurements were made with a moving grid.
Angiomyolipoma of the Liver
Authors: Murakami T. , Nakamura H. , Hori S. , Nakanishi K. , Mitani T. , Kozuka T. , Kimura Y. , Monden M. , Wakasa K. , Sakurai M.
Published: June 2015

Angiomyolipoma, a rare benign liver tumor, was observed in a 50-year-old woman examined with US, CT, MR imaging and angiography. Dynamic studies using CT and MR imaging were valuable in differentiating the disease from hepatocellular carcinoma with fat deposits.
CT Manifestations of Intraspinal Air Associated with Pneumomediastinum
Authors: Kakitsubata Y. , Inatsu H. , Kakitsubata S. , Watanabe K.
Published: June 2015

Collections of air in the spinal canal have been observed in patients with spinal disorders, whereas intraspinal air secondary to pneumomediastinum is rare (6). This is a report of 2 patients with pneumomediastinum where collections of air were identified in the spinal canal on CT.
MR Findings of Ejaculatory Duct Cysts
Authors: Robert Y. , Rigot J.-M. , Rocourt N. , Lemaitre L. , Biserte J. , Mazeman E.
Published: June 2015

Ejaculatory duct cysts are a rare type of prostatic cysts. We report 3 cases of symptomatic ejaculatory duct cysts which have been explored by MR imaging. The MR findings were round or oval masses, medial or paramedial in the prostatic gland above the level of the verumontanum, extending into the prostatic base. They displayed a low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (2 cases) or high signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images (1 case). The diagnosis was confirmed by an ultrasonographically guided transperineal aspiration demonstrating spermatozoa in the cyst fluid.
Quantitative Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging of the Optic Nerve
Authors: Simon J. H. , Rubinstein D. , Brown M. , Yuh W. , Birch-Iensen M. , Szumowski J. , Stears J.
Published: June 2015

During the acute stages of optic neuritis damage to the blood-optic nerve barrier can be detected using i.v. paramagnetic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Quantification of the enhancement pattern of the optic nerve, intraorbital fat and muscle was determined in 15 normal subjects using 3 fat-suppression MR imaging methods: T1-weighted spin-echo and spoiled gradient-echo sequences preceded by a fat-frequency selective pulse (FATSAT + SE and FATSAT + SPGR, respectively) and a pulse sequence combining CHOPPER fat suppression with a fat-frequency selective preparation pulse (HYBRID). Pre- and postcontrast-enhanced studies were acquired for FATSAT + SE and FATSAT + SPGR. There was no significant enhancement of the optic nerve by either method (mean increase of 0.96% and 5.3%, respectively), while there was significant enhancement in muscle (mean 118.2% and 108.2%), respectively; p < 0.005) and fat (mean increase of 13% and 37%, respectively; p < 0.05). Postcontrast optic nerve/muscle signal intensity ratios (mean, SD) were 0.51 (0.07), 0.58 (0.05) and 0.75 (0.05) for FATSAT + SE, FATSAT + SPGR and HYBRID, respectively. These results suggest a practical methodology and range of values for normal signal intensity increases and ratios of tissue signal that can be used as objective measures of optic neuritis for natural history studies and treatment trials.
Chondroitin Sulfate Iron Colloid-Enhanced MR Imaging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kamba M. , Suto Y. , Kato T.
Published: June 2015

Chondroitin sulfate iron colloid (CSIC) was used as an MR contrast agent for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The findings of 25 surgically confirmed HCCs in 19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. T1-, T2- and proton density-weighted spin echo MR images were obtained before and after i.v. injection of 23.6 μM Fe/kg of CSIC. Unenhanced and CSIC-enhanced MR images and images obtained by CT during arterial portography (CT-AP) were correlated with surgical pathology findings. The sensitivities of CSIC-enhanced and unenhanced MR imaging, and CT-AP were 92%, 80%, and 88%, respectively. No significant differences were noted. Portal flow abnormalities demonstrated by CT-AP did not affect the detection of HCC by CSIC-enhanced MR imaging. CSIC-enhancement at MR imaging was a disadvantage in the detection of lesions less than 1 cm in diameter. CSIC-enhanced MR imaging is a supplemental method for the detection of HCC.