bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Construction of Large Amyloid Fibers
Authors: Ridgley Devin , Rippner Caitlin , Barone Justin
Published: April 2015

Mixtures of “template” and “adder” proteins self-assemble into large amyloid fibers of varying morphology and modulus. Fibers range from low modulus, rectangular cross-sectioned tapes to high modulus, circular cross-sectioned cylinders. Varying the proteins in the mixture can elicit “in-between” morphologies, such as elliptical cross-sectioned fibers and twisted tapes, both of which have moduli in-between rectangular tapes and cylindrical fibers. Experiments on mixtures of proteins of known amino acid sequence show that control of the large amyloid fiber morphology is dependent on the amount of glutamine repeats or “Q-blocks” relative to hydrophobic side chained amino acids such as alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine in the adder protein. Adder proteins with only hydrophobic groups form low modulus rectangular cross-sections and increasing the Q-block content allows excess hydrogen bonding on amide groups that results in twist and higher modulus. The experimental results show that large amyloid fibers of specific shape and modulus can be designed and controlled at the molecular level.
Perspectives on Gravity-Induced Radiative Processes in Astrophysics
Authors: Papini Giorgio
Published: April 2015

Single-vertex Feynman diagrams represent the dominant contribution to physical processes, but are frequently forbidden kinematically. This is changed when the particles involved propagate in a gravitational background and acquire an effective mass. Procedures are introduced that allow the calculation of lowest order diagrams, their corresponding transition probabilities, emission powers and spectra to all orders in the metric deviation, for particles of any spin propagating in gravitational fields described by any metric. Physical properties of the “space-time medium” are also discussed. It is shown in particular that a small dissipation term in the particle wave equations can trigger a strong back-reaction that introduces resonances in the radiative process and affects the resulting gravitational background.
Micro RNA-124a Regulates Lipolysis via Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Comparative Gene Identification 58
Authors: Das Suman , Stadelmeyer Elke , Schauer Silvia , Schwarz Anna , Strohmaier Heimo , Claudel Thiery , Zechner Rudolf , Hoefler Gerald , Vesely Paul
Published: April 2015

Lipolysis is the biochemical pathway responsible for the catabolism of cellular triacylglycerol (TG). Lipolytic TG breakdown is a central metabolic process leading to the generation of free fatty acids (FA) and glycerol, thereby regulating lipid, as well as energy homeostasis. The precise tuning of lipolysis is imperative to prevent lipotoxicity, obesity, diabetes and other related metabolic disorders. Here, we present our finding that miR-124a attenuates RNA and protein expression of the major TG hydrolase, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL/PNPLA2) and its co-activator comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58/ABHD5). Ectopic expression of miR-124a in adipocytes leads to reduced lipolysis and increased cellular TG accumulation. This phenotype, however, can be rescued by overexpression of truncated Atgl lacking its 3'UTR, which harbors the identified miR-124a target site. In addition, we observe a strong negative correlation between miR-124a and Atgl expression in various murine tissues. Moreover, miR-124a regulates the expression of Atgl and Cgi-58 in murine white adipose tissue during fasting as well as the expression of Atgl in murine liver, during fasting and re-feeding. Together, these results point to an instrumental role of miR-124a in the regulation of TG catabolism. Therefore, we suggest that miR-124a may be involved in the regulation of several cellular and organismal metabolic parameters, including lipid storage and plasma FA concentration.
Quantitative Analysis of PMLA Nanoconjugate Components after Backbone Cleavage
Authors: Ding Hui , Patil Rameshwar , Portilla-Arias Jose , Black Keith , Ljubimova Julia , Holler Eggehard
Published: April 2015

Multifunctional polymer nanoconjugates containing multiple components show great promise in cancer therapy, but in most cases complete analysis of each component is difficult. Polymalic acid (PMLA) based nanoconjugates have demonstrated successful brain and breast cancer treatment. They consist of multiple components including targeting antibodies, Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (AONs), and endosome escape moieties. The component analysis of PMLA nanoconjugates is extremely difficult using conventional spectrometry and HPLC method. Taking advantage of the nature of polyester of PMLA, which can be cleaved by ammonium hydroxide, we describe a method to analyze the content of antibody and AON within nanoconjugates simultaneously using SEC-HPLC by selectively cleaving the PMLA backbone. The selected cleavage conditions only degrade PMLA without affecting the integrity and biological activity of the antibody. Although the amount of antibody could also be determined using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method, our selective cleavage method gives more reliable results and is more powerful. Our approach provides a new direction for the component analysis of polymer nanoconjugates and nanoparticles.
Languages: An International Multidisciplinary Open Access Journal
Authors: Lakshmanan Usha
Published: April 2015

Languages are an integral part of everyday life; they define our interactions with other people as well as the physical and mental spaces we inhabit over time. Since ancient times, languages have fascinated humans. [...]
Study on the Activation of Scheelite and Wolframite by Lead Nitrate
Authors: Zhao Gang , Wang Shuai , Zhong Hong
Published: April 2015

The activation of scheelite and wolframite by lead nitrate with benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as collector was investigated by means of micro flotation test, zeta potential measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The flotation results confirmed that the addition of lead nitrate can markedly enhance the recovery of scheelite and wolframite. In the zeta potential curves obvious positive shifts were observed with the presence of lead nitrate. Lead was detected on mineral surface in microscopic analysis and the survey XP spectra. Both the electrokinetic study and XPS analyses indicated that lead ion can be adsorbed onto mineral surface. In DFT calculation, the coordination model of BHA with metal hydroxyl ions (Ca(OH)+, Mn(OH)+, Fe(OH)+ and Pb(OH)+) was simulated and their binding energy were also calculated. The calculated results revealed that the binding ability of BHA and Pb(OH)+ is the strongest, indicating that BHA can preferentially coordinate with Pb ion compared with Ca, Mn and Fe ions.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Wogonin on RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages Induced with Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid
Authors: Lee Ji , Park Wansu
Published: April 2015

Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is an active flavonoid compound originally isolated from Scutellaria radix, which has been used to treat lung inflammation in Korea, China, and Japan. Wogonin has been known to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase and have the anti-tumor properties. However, the effects of wogonin on virus-induced macrophages are not fully reported. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of wogonin on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced macrophages was examined. Wogonin restored the cell viability in dsRNA [polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid]-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages at concentrations of up to 50 μM. Wogonin significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, LIF (IL-6 class cytokine), LIX/CXCL5, MCP-1, M-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, RANTES/CCL5, TNF-α, and VEGF as well as calcium release and mRNA expression of signal transducer and activated transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 in dsRNA-induced RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, wogonin has anti-inflammatory properties related with its inhibition of nitric oxide, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in dsRNA-induced macrophages via the calcium-STAT pathway.
NKCS, a Mutant of the NK-2 Peptide, Causes Severe Distortions and Perforations in Bacterial, But Not Human Model Lipid Membranes
Authors: Ciobanasu Corina , Rzeszutek Agnieszka , Kubitscheck Ulrich , Willumeit Regine
Published: April 2015

NKCS is an improved mutant of the bioactive peptide NK-2, which shows strong activity against Escherichia coli and low toxicity towards human cells. The different activity demonstrates the relevance of the physico-chemical nature of the target membrane for the biological effect of this peptide. We studied the effect of this potent antimicrobial peptide on model membranes by activity studies, differential scanning calorimetry, single molecule tracking and tracer efflux experiments. We found that NKCS severely distorted, penetrated and perforated model lipid membranes that resembled bacterial membranes, but not those that were similar to human cell membranes. The interactions of NKCS with phosphatidylethanolamine, which is abundant in bacterial membranes, were especially strong and are probably responsible for its antimicrobial activity.
The Role of Microbial Amino Acid Metabolism in Host Metabolism
Authors: Neis Evelien , Dejong Cornelis , Rensen Sander
Published: April 2015

Disruptions in gut microbiota composition and function are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The functional output of the gut microbiota, including short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, are thought to be important modulators underlying the development of these disorders. Gut bacteria can alter the bioavailability of amino acids by utilization of several amino acids originating from both alimentary and endogenous proteins. In turn, gut bacteria also provide amino acids to the host. This could have significant implications in the context of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, conditions associated with elevated systemic concentrations of certain amino acids, in particular the aromatic and branched-chain amino acids. Moreover, several amino acids released by gut bacteria can serve as precursors for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids, which also play a role in the development of obesity. In this review, we aim to compile the available evidence on the contribution of microbial amino acids to host amino acid homeostasis, and to assess the role of the gut microbiota as a determinant of amino acid and short-chain fatty acid perturbations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Partisan Trajectory of the American Pro-Life Movement: How a Liberal Catholic Campaign Became a Conservative Evangelical Cause
Authors: Williams Daniel
Published: April 2015

This article employs a historical analysis of the religious composition of the pro-life movement to explain why the partisan identity of the movement shifted from the left to the right between the late 1960s and the 1980s. Many of the Catholics who formed the first anti-abortion organizations in the late 1960s were liberal Democrats who viewed their campaign to save the unborn as a rights-based movement that was fully in keeping with the principles of New Deal and Great Society liberalism, but when evangelical Protestants joined the movement in the late 1970s, they reframed the pro-life cause as a politically conservative campaign linked not to the ideology of human rights but to the politics of moral order and “family values.” This article explains why the Catholic effort to build a pro-life coalition of liberal Democrats failed after Roe v. Wade, why evangelicals became interested in the antiabortion movement, and why the evangelicals succeeded in their effort to rebrand the pro-life campaign as a conservative cause.
Regional Leaf Area Index Retrieval Based on Remote Sensing: The Role of Radiative Transfer Model Selection
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Li Jing , Liu Qinhuo , Fan Weiliang , Xu Baodong , Zeng Yelu , Zhao Jing
Published: April 2015

Physically-based approaches for estimating Leaf Area Index (LAI) using remote sensing data rely on radiative transfer (RT) models. Currently, many RT models are freely available, but determining the appropriate RT model for LAI retrieval is still problematic. This study aims to evaluate the necessity of RT model selection for LAI retrieval and to propose a retrieval methodology using different RT models for different vegetation types. Both actual experimental observations and RT model simulations were used to conduct the evaluation. Each of them includes needleleaf forests and croplands, which have contrasting structural attributes. The scattering from arbitrarily inclined leaves (SAIL) model and the four-scale model, which are 1D and 3D RT models, respectively, were used to simulate the synthetic test datasets. The experimental test dataset was established through two field campaigns conducted in the Heihe River Basin. The results show that the realistic representation of canopy structure in RT models is very important for LAI retrieval. If an unsuitable RT model is used, then the root mean squared error (RMSE) will increase from 0.43 to 0.60 in croplands and from 0.52 to 0.63 in forests. In addition, an RT model’s potential to retrieve LAI is limited by the availability of a priori information on RT model parameters. 3D RT models require more a priori information, which makes them have poorer generalization capability than 1D models. Therefore, physically-based retrieval algorithms should embed more than one RT model to account for the availability of a priori information and variations in structural attributes among different vegetation types.
Research-Based Transformative Science/STEM/STES/STESEP Education for “Sustainability Thinking”: From Teaching to “Know” to Learning to “Think”
Authors: Zoller Uri
Published: April 2015

Sustainability is conceptualized, approached and acted upon differently by people, sectors, societies, nations and educational systems. Consequently, the “sustainability thinking”-related scientific, technological, environmental, societal, economic and policy/political components are expected to transform differently. The related necessary transformative paradigm shifts in science, technology, environment, society, economy and policy (STESEP)—education from the contemporary disciplinary science, technology and environmental teaching to “know”—to transdisciplinary learning to “think” are to be expected. The overriding purpose: ensuring “sustainability thinking” by responsible, capable “STESEP literate” citizens. Consequently, “sustainability thinking” in the STESEP interfaces contexts, requires (1) the development of students’ higher-order cognitive skills (HOCS) via a transformative/transdisciplinary “STESEP Education”; (2) a research-based shift from the conventional algorithmic lower-order cognitive skills (LOCS)-based teaching to “know”, to “HOCS learning” to “think”; and (3) a special focus on HOCS-promoting teaching, assessment and learning strategies in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, environment, society and education. A pre-post research design of system thinking, evaluative thinking, and decision making capabilities of 10 grade high school, undergraduate and graduate students, in Israel, are presented and discussed in the learning for “sustainability thinking” context. In conclusion: contemporary science education in secondary and tertiary levels is mainly, disciplinary (biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics) in science, technology and engineering courses. The LOCS-to-HOCS paradigm shift still constitutes a major issue of concern, with respect to ensuring a transformative science/STESEP education, targeting “sustainability thinking” in secondary and tertiary education.
A Development of Hybrid Drug Information System Using Image Recognition
Authors: Lee HwaMin , Park Doo-Soon , Choi Min-Hyung
Published: April 2015

In order to prevent drug abuse or misuse cases and avoid over-prescriptions, it is necessary for medicine taker to be provided with detailed information about the medicine. In this paper, we propose a drug information system and develop an application to provide information through drug image recognition using a smartphone. We designed a contents-based drug image search algorithm using the color, shape and imprint of drug. Our convenient application can provide users with detailed information about drugs and prevent drug misuse.
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Minoia Francesca , Davì Sergio , Horne AnnaCarin , Bovis Francesca , Demirkaya Erkan , Akikusa Jonathan , Ayaz Nuray A. , Al-Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Barone Patrizia , Bica Bianca , Bolt Isabel , Breda Luciana , De Cunto Carmen , Enciso Sandra , Gallizzi Romina , Griffin Thomas , Hennon Teresa , Horneff Gerd , Jeng Michael , Kapovic Ageza M. , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Magni Manzoni Silvia , Rumba-Rozenfelde Ingrida , Magalhaes Claudia Saad , Sewairi Wafaa M. , Stine Kimo C. , Vougiouka Olga , Weaver Lehn K. , Davidsone Zane , De Inocencio Jaime , Ioseliani Maka , Lattanzi Bianca , Tezer Hasan , Buoncompagni Antonella , Picco Paolo , Ruperto Nicolino , Martini Alberto , Cron Randy Q. , Ravelli Angelo
Published: April 2015

Objective.

To seek insights into the heterogeneity of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) through the analysis of a large patient sample collected in a multinational survey.

Methods.

International pediatric rheumatologists and hemato-oncologists entered their patient data, collected retrospectively, in a Web-based database. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, histopathologic, therapeutic, and outcome data were analyzed in relation to (1) geographic location of caring hospital, (2) subspecialty of attending physician, (3) demonstration of hemophagocytosis, and (4) severity of clinical course.

Results.

A total of 362 patients were included by 95 investigators from 33 countries. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features were comparable among patients seen in diverse geographic areas or by different pediatric specialists. Patients seen in North America were given biologics more frequently. Patients entered by pediatric hemato-oncologists were treated more commonly with biologics and etoposide, whereas patients seen by pediatric rheumatologists more frequently received cyclosporine. Patients with demonstration of hemophagocytosis had shorter duration of sJIA at MAS onset, higher prevalence of hepatosplenomegaly, lower levels of platelets and fibrinogen, and were more frequently administered cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and etoposide. Patients with severe course were older, had longer duration of sJIA at MAS onset, had more full-blown clinical picture, and were more commonly given cyclosporine, IVIG, and etoposide.

Conclusion.

The clinical spectrum of MAS is comparable across patients seen in different geographic settings or by diverse pediatric subspecialists. There was a disparity in the therapeutic choices among physicians that underscores the need to establish uniform therapeutic protocols.
Faire reconnaître sa vulnérabilité : quand les épouses zarma (Niger) quittent le foyer conjugal
Authors: Bornand Sandra
Published: April 2015

Au Niger, dans la société zarma, quand une famille donne sa fille en mariage, elle ne l’abandonne pas pour autant à son sort car, si le mariage lui fait acquérir un prestige social, il la rend aussi vulnérable : elle vit désormais dans la famille de son époux, sous la responsabilité et l’autorité de celle-ci, mais y reste considérée comme une ‘étrangère’. Une épouse mécontente peut quitter son foyer et rentrer chez ses parents. En l’accueillant, ils reconnaissent sa vulnérabilité : ils lui apportent protection, écoutent ses doléances, et peuvent blâmer l’époux indélicat, voire lui demander réparation pour les préjudices subis. La possibilité même de cette ‘fugue’ s’exprime dans les chants de femmes qui rappellent à chacune ses droits et les conditions de l’exercice de ce départ.
La cuisine italienne en Israël. Un désir d’Europe au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Avieli Nir
Published: April 2015

La cuisine italienne est la cuisine préférée des juifs israéliens, juste après la cuisine mizrahi ou « orientale ». Pour en cerner les significations, cet article expose à grands traits les conditions singulières de son arrivée en Israël, où elle possède des particularités pouvant expliquer la très grande popularité des restaurants italiens : abondance des portions, importance des produits laitiers, bon accueil aux familles. La découverte la plus intrigante concerne toutefois l’affirmation de plusieurs chefs et consommateurs, selon laquelle ce succès tiendrait à des affinités écologiques et sociologiques entre Israël et l’Italie. L’auteur suggère qu’en adoptant cette cuisine, « méditerranéenne » comme eux, les juifs israéliens peuvent s’imaginer faire partie de l’Europe, et ainsi transcender le Moyen-Orient et les relations complexes qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs voisins arabes et palestiniens.
Marginalité créative. La scène alternative judéo-arabe de Tel Aviv-Jaffa
Authors: Monterescu Daniel , Schickler Miriam
Published: April 2015

Considérées comme les « arrière-cours » du paysage urbain israélien, les villes pluriethniques ont surtout été étudiées à la lumière du paradigme de la marginalité. Or ce paradigme omet de reconnaître la dimension sociale de ces espaces, qui sont des mondes vécus à part entière. L’article aborde la problématique de la marginalité et du pluralisme dans une ville judéo-arabe en s’appuyant sur des données d’archive et de terrain. Il ne fait pas de cette ville un espace unidimensionnel d’hyperségrégation mais un lieu de marginalité créative, qui conteste paradoxalement l’hégémonie des nationalistes, qu’ils soient palestiniens ou sionistes. En examinant de quelle façon l’altérité se manifeste au quotidien, les auteurs montrent que c’est précisément la marginalité et l’exclusion qui donne toute sa vitalité à Jaffa, l’une des périphéries urbaines les plus créatives d’Israël.
« Russe » dans l’État juif. Le sang, l’identité et l’administration nationale
Authors: Lerner Julia
Published: April 2015

Cet article est une approche ethnographique du sentiment d’appartenance à Israël de migrants russophones, confrontés aux exigences de l’administration nationale. Il examine l’adoption par l’État juif d’une classification religieuse, dont il montre la signification et les conséquences sur la vie quotidienne et l’identité des migrants. En déroulant le récit ethnographique, l’auteure met en évidence la discordance entre la citoyenneté et la nationalité en Israël, mais aussi les contradictions entre les conceptions soviétique et israélienne de la judéité, tout en examinant le rôle de la religion dans l’acculturation des migrants russophones.
Prévenir la violence : une priorité de santé sociale
Authors: Huber Davous Delphine
Published: April 2015

Médecin généraliste, l’auteur est confrontée quotidiennement aux difficultés que rencontrent de nombreux Français issus de l’immigration : jeunes soumis à diverses addictions, adultes démunis ou défaillants dans leur mission éducative, femmes victimes de maltraitance... Quelques mois après les drames qui ont ensanglanté Paris, un plaidoyer ardent pour une action à mener en amont, en prévention de telles explosions de violence.
Changer la papauté ?
Authors: Leuba Jean-Louis
Published: April 2015

Le point d’interrogation du titre « changer la papauté ? » est ambigu. En fait, les propositions émises par les auteurs constituent bel et bien des changements. La papauté ne devrait pas être au sommet d’une pyramide, mais très concrètement au sein de la communion de l’Église. Son ministère s’exerçant dans l’histoire, ses affirmations magistérielles et sa structure sociologique ne sauraient être liées immuablement à la lettre des formules dans lesquelles elles s’expriment. De plus, en vertu du principe de subsidiarité, bien des décisions pourraient être confiées à des instances inférieures, locales ou représentatives de cultures différentes de l’Occident chrétien. Au total, il s’agirait de revenir à une papauté non enfermée sur elle-même comme l’implique clairement Vatican I, mais ouverte sur le monde non chrétien et sur l’avenir inconnu, comme elle l’était dans les premiers siècles du christianisme.
Un aspect du rapport homme et femme selon les chapitres 1 à 5 du livre de la Genèse
Authors: Demoustier Adrien
Published: April 2015

Le chapitre I de la Genèse pose Adam comme principe d’unité d’une différenciation entre masculin et féminin. Le récit qui s’ensuit dévoile que leur reconnaissance mutuelle est faussée. En Adam, ’ish reconnaît ’ishâh , mais celle-ci se laisse tromper et se rapporte à son partenaire comme une mère à son fils. L’un prend l’être féminin pour sa mère et l’autre identifie son enfant comme un mari. Ils transmettent ainsi l’exclusion de la jalousie et le meurtre. Seth, reconnu comme fils, engendre alors une autre généalogie saine.
De la condescendance à l’abaissement
Authors: Carniaux Benoît
Published: April 2015

Dans la perspective de l’année de la diaconie proclamée par les Évêques de Belgique, l’article s’attache à montrer que le service que l’Église prétend rendre à la société est d’abord fondé sur la reconnaissance de la dignité humaine. Les droits à la vie et à la liberté religieuse manifestent, chacun à sa manière, l’enracinement spirituel de celle-ci. C’est pourquoi l’Église ne peut avoir d’autre manière de servir les hommes que celle de son Seigneur qui s’est fait leur esclave.
Tenir ses comptes et bien se tenir
Authors: Lazarus Jeanne
Published: April 2015

Partant de l’hypothèse qu’à propos des jeunes adultes, « être autonome » signifie dans bien des cas être autonome financièrement, cet article se propose d’observer les modalités et les contraintes de cette autonomie financière en se centrant sur les rapports entre les jeunes et les banques. À partir d’une enquête par entretiens et par observation, nous montrons que la banque offre l’autonomie en échange d’une nouvelle sorte d’hétéronomie et que le discours et la socialisation bancaire vis-à-vis des jeunes sont marqués par une ambiguïté constitutive. La seconde partie de l’article, qui s’appuie sur des entretiens avec des « jeunes urbains diplômés », analyse la façon dont ces derniers s’adaptent aux normes imposées par la banque et au coût pour eux d’éventuelles résistances.
Réduire les risques
Authors: Girard Gabriel
Published: April 2015

Depuis le début des années 2000, la prévention du sida dans le milieu homosexuel est devenue un enjeu de controverse. Confrontés à la recrudescence des prises de risque, les acteurs associatifs se divisent sur les messages de santé publique à diffuser en direction des hommes gays. La notion de « réduction des risques sexuels » suscite en particulier un clivage majeur entre AIDES et Act Up-Paris, les deux principales associations. Cet article retrace les développements de ce débat, en donnant un éclairage particulier sur le contexte de la prévention du VIH/sida. Par-delà les spécificités de son objet, ce travail illustre des transformations à l’œuvre dans le champ de la santé publique. Ce faisant, il s’inscrit dans une lecture sociologique de la reconfiguration des frontières du risque sanitaire.
La destinée manifeste de l’entrepreneuriat kényan
Authors: Connan Dominique
Published: April 2015

Cet article se propose d’étudier, à travers l’adoption par les entrepreneurs locaux de répertoires internationalisés de la philanthropie, les mutations d’une éthique économique en Afrique. Au Kenya où les plans d’ajustement structurels ont accentué l’épuisement du clientélisme fondé sur la rente étatique, ces dernières années ont vu s’accroître la concurrence entre professionnels du patronage politique et nouveaux entrepreneurs philanthropes. Dans cette friction entre rôles élitaires se dessine par accommodements successifs un jeu d’extraversion : les vieilles dynasties politiques aujourd’hui salies par la condamnation des répertoires anciens de l’accumulation retrouvent une vertu par la grâce des répertoires internationaux de la philanthropie. Alors qu’explose le cadre ethnique dans lequel se pensait jusque-là le don civique, la philanthropie fait la promotion pour l’ensemble du pays d’un gouvernement managérial par projets qui justifie la privatisation croissante des modes d’accumulation économique. L’imaginaire d’un Kenya devenu un pays développé par la grâce des partenariats public-privé, adossé à un nationalisme qui a toujours lu dans l’Ancien Testament une métaphore des tribulations du pays, fait des entrepreneurs des artisans éclairés dont la destinée manifeste est de guider le pays vers un salut économique dans lequel ils pourront s’accomplir enfin.
La recherche d’aide sur Internet chez des adolescents ayant des idées suicidaires : une analyse de concept
Authors: Rassy Jessica , St-Cyr Tribble Denise , Bonin Jean-Pierre , Mathieu Luc , Michaud Cécile
Published: April 2015

Le concept recherche d’aide est largement utilisé par les professionnels de la santé alors qu’un consensus sur ce concept n’est pas encore atteint. Plus particulièrement, la compréhension du concept de recherche d’aide sur internet chez des adolescents ayant des idées suicidaires demeure embryonnaire. Dans le but de clarifier ce concept en sciences infirmières et d’éventuellement développer des outils pour de futures études, une analyse de concept selon les huit étapes de la méthode de Walker et Avant a été menée. Les résultats de cette analyse proposent trois attributs au concept de recherche d’aide : l’orientation vers un problème, l’action intentionnelle et l’utilisation d’un moyen externe. Les antécédents seraient : l’identification et la perception du problème en fonction des croyances, le désir d’un soulagement, la sélection d’une source d’aide ainsi que la décision d’agir. Les conséquents seraient : le soulagement, le maintien ou l’exacerbation du problème. Plusieurs référents empiriques sont mentionnés, mais aucun ne permet d’évaluer adéquatement les attributs du concept étudié. Enfin, cette analyse de concept permet de mieux comprendre la recherche d’aide et d’émettre des recommandations pour la recherche ainsi que pour la pratique.
La signification de l’expérience du « prendre soin » pour des aidants familiaux libanais de survivants d’accident vasculaire cérébral à domicile
Authors: Taha Samy , Sassine Kazan Rima
Published: April 2015

Introduction : à l’heure actuelle, six millions de décès sont dus à un accident vasculaire cérébral, alors que les survivants d’AVC dépendront de leurs aidants familiaux à domicile. Contexte : les écrits relèvent que ces aidants rencontrent des défis et des satisfactions, les incitant à recourir à des stratégies d’adaptation pour composer avec leur situation de soin. Objectif : le but de cet article est de décrire et de comprendre l’expérience des aidants familiaux libanais prenant soin de leur proche survivant d’accident vasculaire cérébral à domicile. Méthode : en utilisant l’approche phénoménologique de Giorgi (1997), douze entrevues ont été réalisées à domicile auprès de six aidants familiaux, recrutés à partir d’un centre de réadaptation à Beyrouth. Résultats : huit thèmes ont émané de l’analyse phénoménologique : le fardeau de l’aidant familial, le soutien social manquant, l’apprentissage à travers son expérience d’aidant, la contribution au « prendre soin » du survivant, le don de soi dans le « prendre soin », la gratitude dans le « prendre soin », la familiarisation aux nouvelles routines et la réconciliation à son nouveau style de vie. L’essence proposée à partir de cette analyse phénoménologique est : la satisfaction à prendre soin du survivant par les défis relevés et la mise en ordre dans le chaos provoqué par l’AVC. Conclusion : les connaissances issues de cette étude permettraient aux infirmières d’identifier les aidants familiaux à risque afin de les aider à s’adapter à leur nouveau rôle d’aidant, et de développer des stratégies de promotion de la santé en prenant en considération leur vécu.
Metodología de valoración de paisaje empleando ArcGIS: Aplicación a las Vías Pecuarias
Authors: Ezquerra A. , Navarra M.
Published: April 2015

El concepto de paisaje cada vez adquiere mayor importancia en la legislación porque también es importante el estudio del paisaje y todas las herramientas que pueden ayudar a su valoración en la gestión de los recursos naturales, ya que dentro de la Ley de Patrimonio Natural y Biodiversidad, es necesario el estudio del paisaje en los Planes de Ordenación de los Recursos Naturales.

El avance de las técnicas que utilizan los Sistemas de Información Geográfica para la evaluación del paisaje permite agilizar su valoración con la introducción de numerosas variables que se incorporan en el análisis.

Este trabajo presenta una metodología de valoración del paisaje utilizando herramientas SIG, introduciendo variables y valorándolas en función de la cuenca visual y de la distancia al punto de observación, aplicándolo al caso particular de las Vías Pecuarias.
Experiences of Work-Life Conflict for the Athletic Trainer Employed Outside the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Clinical Setting
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Pitney William A. , Eason Christianne M.
Published: April 2015

Context

The intercollegiate setting receives much of the scholarly attention related to work-life conflict (WLC). However research has been focused on the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting. Multiple factors can lead to WLC for the athletic trainer (AT), including hours, travel, and lack of flexibility in work schedules.

Objective

To investigate the experiences of WLC among ATs working in the non-Division I collegiate setting and to identify factors that contribute to fulfillment of work-life balance in this setting.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Institutions in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions II and III, the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, and the National Junior College Athletic Association.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 244 ATs (128 women, 114 men; age = 37.5 ± 13.3 years, experience = 14 ± 12 years) completed phase I. Thirteen participants (8 women, 5 men; age = 38 ± 13 years, experience = 13.1 ± 11.4 years) completed phase II.

Data Collection and Analysis

For phase I, participants completed a previously validated and reliable (Cronbach α > .90) Web-based survey measuring their levels of WLC and work-family conflict (WFC). This phase included 2 WFC scales defining family; scale 1 defined family as having a partner or spouse with or without children, and scale 2 defined family as those individuals, including parents, siblings, grandparents, and any other close relatives, involved in one's life. Phase II consisted of an interview. Qualitative data were evaluated using content analysis. Data source and multiple-analyst triangulation secured credibility.

Results

The WFC scores were 26.33 ± 7.37 for scale 1 and 20.46 ± 10.14 for scale 2, indicating a moderate level of WFC for scale 1 and a low level of WFC for scale 2. Qualitative analyses revealed that organizational dimensions, such as job demands and staffing issues, can negatively affect WLC, whereas a combination of organizational and personal dimensions can positively affect WLC.

Conclusions

Overload continues to be a prevalent factor in negatively influencing WLC and WFC. Supervisor and peer support, personal networks, and time away from the role positively influenced work-life balance and WFC. Athletic trainers are encouraged to support one another in the workplace, especially when providing flexibility in scheduling.
Revision breast and chest wall reconstruction in Poland and pectus excavatum following implant complication using free deep inferior epigastric perforator flap
Authors: Dionyssiou Dimitrios , Demiri Efterpi , Batsis Georgios , Pavlidis Leonidas
Published: April 2015

This study aims to present the case of a female patient with Poland’s syndrome and pectus excavatum deformity who underwent breast and chest wall reconstruction with a pre-shaped free deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. A 57-year-old female patient with Poland’s syndrome and pectus excavatum presented with a Baker III capsular contracture following a previously performed implant-based right breast reconstruction. After a chest and abdominal CT angiography, she was staged as 2A1 chest wall deformity according to Park’s classification and underwent implant removal and capsulectomy, followed by a pre-shaped free abdominal flap transfer, providing both breast reconstruction and chest wall deformity correction in a single stage operation. Post-operative course was uneventful, and the aesthetic result remains highly satisfactory 24 months after surgery. Deep inferior epigastric free flap represents an interesting reconstructive solution when treating Poland’s syndrome female patients with chest wall and breast deformities.
Use of a double.channel endoscope for closure of a surgically failed chronic benign tracheoesophageal fistula using over-the-scope-clip
Authors: Shah Saumil K.
Published: April 2015

This case reports the use of a double-channel therapeutic gastroscope to permanently close a surgically failed chronic, benign tracheoesophageal fistula following endotracheal intubation in an elderly lady, using the over-the-scope-clip. Argon plasma coagulation seems essential in such smooth chronic fistulas to make the edges raw. A double-channel therapeutic gastroscope would be ideal for such cases, especially in larger fistulas.
Meat composition and quality of young growing Belgian Blue bulls offered a fattening diet with selenium enriched cereals
Authors: Mehdi Youcef , Clinquart Antoine , Hornick Jean-Luc , Cabaraux Jean-François , Istasse Louis , Dufrasne Isabelle
Published: April 2015

Mehdi, Y., Clinquart, A., Hornick, J.-L., Cabaraux, J.-F., Istasse, L. and Dufrasne, I. 2015. Meat composition and quality of young growing Belgian Blue bulls offered a fattening diet with selenium enriched cereals. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 465–473. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) enrichment of cereals on the performance of Belgian Blue bulls, meat quality and chemical composition. Twenty-three bulls were used in the present study. Twelve bulls were offered a control diet containing Se at a basal concentration of 58 µg kg−1of dry matter (DM) and the other 11 bulls were given a diet containing 173 µg kg−1DM of Se by means of Se-enriched spelt and barley. The Se enrichment of the diet did not affect the growth performance, the slaughter data or meat quality (P > 0.05). There were no effects of Se on tenderness, oxidative rancidity and water losses. However, there were some effects of Se enrichment on the meat chemical composition. The ether extract was decreased from 2.1 to 1.7% DM (P<0.05). There was also significant Se enrichment (P<0.001) in the longissimus thoracis muscle (177 vs. 477 ng g−1DM) and organs: liver (474 vs. 1126 ng g−1DM) and kidney (4956 vs. 5655 ng g−1DM), Under such conditions, the human consumption of a piece of such meat or liver can provide a large part of the recommended daily Se intake, estimated between 30 and 57%.
Burrow refilling behavior ofAporrectodea turgida(Eisen) andLumbricus terrestrisL. as revealed by X-ray computed tomography scanning: Graphical and quantitative analyses
Authors: Whalen Joann K. , Han Liwen , Dutilleul Pierre
Published: April 2015

Whalen, J. K., Han L. and Dutilleul, P. 2015. Burrow refilling behavior of Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen) and Lumbricus terrestris L. as revealed by X-ray computed tomography scanning: Graphical and quantitative analyses. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 231–235. Solute and gas transport through earthworm burrows is altered when burrows become refilled. Earthworm burrow refilling was evaluated with non-invasive X-ray computed tomography in undisturbed soil cores. Proportionally, Lumbricus terrestris refilled burrows had more air-filled space left around their perimeter than those of Aporrectodea turgida, which often were completely refilled.
Effects of Extraction and Nonextraction Treatment on Third Molar Angulation
Authors: Nitturkar Ajay Sudhakar , Doshi Sachin , Karandikar Girish , Tahilramani Samay , Gandhi Bhavisha
Published: April 2015

Objective

To compare the angular changes in the developing third molars in both first premolar extraction and nonextraction cases and to determine if premolar extraction results in greater mesial movement of mandibular buccal segment and also causes favorable rotational changes in the third molar tip, which can improve later eruption of the third molars.

Materials and Methods

Pretreatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) panoramic radiographs were obtained 31 subjects were taken who had been treated by extraction of all first premolars and for 21 subjects treated with nonextraction theray. Occlusal plane was used to measure and compare the changes in the angles of the developing maxillary and mandibular third molars.

Results

The mean uprighting of the third molars seen in the extraction group was 8.7° ± 10.29° and 2.97° ± 11.11° on the right side, and 5.14° ± 9.04° and 2.77° ± 12.10° on the left side following treatment (T2 – T1). For the nonextraction group, the mean difference was – 1.52 ± 6.43 and – 6.430 ± 12.21° on the right side, and – 3.90° ± 7.67° and – 5.7° ± 7.23° on the left side. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Premolar extractions had a positive influence on the developing third molar angulations. Nonextraction therapy did not have any adverse effects.

How to cite this article

Nitturkar AS, Doshi S, Krishnan RV, Karandikar G, Tahilramani S, Gandhi B. Effects of Extraction and Nonextraction Treatment on Third Molar Angulation. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):17-21.
The MACC-II 2007–2008 reanalysis: atmospheric dust evaluation and characterization over northern Africa and the Middle East
Authors: Cuevas E. , Camino C. , Benedetti A. , Basart S. , Terradellas E. , Baldasano J. M. , Morcrette J. J. , Marticorena B. , Goloub P. , Mortier A. , Berjón A. , Hernández Y. , Gil-Ojeda M. , Schulz M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In the present work, atmospheric mineral dust from a MACC-II short reanalysis run for 2 years (2007–2008) has been evaluated over northern Africa and the Middle East using satellite aerosol products (from MISR, MODIS and OMI satellite sensors), ground-based AERONET data, in situ PM10 concentrations from AMMA, and extinction vertical profiles from two ground-based lidars and CALIOP satellite-based lidar. The MACC-II aerosol optical depth (AOD) spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability shows good agreement with those provided by satellite sensors. The capability of the model to reproduce the AOD, Ångström exponent (AE) and dust optical depth (DOD) from daily to seasonal time-scale is quantified over 26 AERONET stations located in eight geographically distinct regions by using statistical parameters. Overall DOD seasonal variation is fairly well simulated by MACC-II in all regions, although the correlation is significantly higher in dust transport regions than in dust source regions. The ability of MACC-II in reproducing dust vertical profiles has been assessed by comparing seasonal averaged extinction vertical profiles simulated by MACC-II under dust conditions with corresponding extinction profiles obtained with lidar instruments at M'Bour and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and with CALIOP. We find a good agreement in dust layers structures and averaged extinction vertical profiles between MACC-II, the lidars and CALIOP above the marine boundary layer from 1 to 6 km. Surface dust daily mean concentrations from MACC-II reanalysis has been evaluated with daily averaged PM10 at three monitoring stations of the Sahelian Dust Transect. MACC-II correctly reproduces daily to interannual surface dust concentration variability, although it underestimates daily and monthly means all year long, especially in winter and early spring (dry season). MACC-II reproduces well the dust variability recorded along the station transect which reflects the variability in dust emission by different Saharan sources, but fails in reproducing the sporadic and very strong dust events associated to mesoscale convective systems during the wet season.
Fossilized bioelectric wire – the trace fossil Trichichnus
Authors: Kędzierski M. , Uchman A. , Sawlowicz Z. , Briguglio A.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The trace fossil Trichichnus is proposed as an indicator of fossil bioelectric bacterial activity at the oxic–anoxic interface zone of marine sediments. This fulfils the idea that such processes, commonly found in the modern realm, should be also present in the geological past. Trichichnus is an exceptional trace fossil due to its very thin diameter (mostly less than 1 mm) and common pyritic filling. It is ubiquitous in some fine-grained sediments, where it has been interpreted as a burrow formed deeper than any other trace fossils, below the redox boundary. Trichichnus, formerly referred to as deeply burrowed invertebrates, has been found as remnant of a fossilized intrasediment bacterial mat that is pyritized. As visualized in 3-D by means of X-ray computed microtomography scanner, Trichichnus forms dense filamentous fabric, which reflects that it is produced by modern large, mat-forming, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, belonging mostly to Thioploca-related taxa, which are able to house a complex bacterial consortium. Several stages of Trichichnus formation, including filamentous, bacterial mat and its pyritization, are proposed to explain an electron exchange between oxic and suboxic/anoxic layers in the sediment. Therefore, Trichichnus can be considered a fossilized "electric wire".
Global distribution of soil organic carbon – Part 1: Masses and frequency distributions of SOC stocks for the tropics, permafrost regions, wetlands, and the world
Authors: Köchy M. , Hiederer R. , Freibauer A.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The global soil organic carbon (SOC) mass is relevant for the carbon cycle budget and thus atmospheric carbon concentrations. We review current estimates of SOC stocks and mass (stock × area) in wetlands, permafrost and tropical regions and the world in the upper 1 m of soil. The Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) v.1.2 provides one of the most recent and coherent global data sets of SOC, giving a total mass of 2476 Pg when using the original values for bulk density. Adjusting the HWSD's bulk density (BD) of soil high in organic carbon results in a mass of 1230 Pg, and additionally setting the BD of Histosols to 0.1 g cm−3 (typical of peat soils), results in a mass of 1062 Pg. The uncertainty in BD of Histosols alone introduces a range of −56 to +180 Pg C into the estimate of global SOC mass in the top 1 m, larger than estimates of global soil respiration. We report the spatial distribution of SOC stocks per 0.5 arcminutes; the areal masses of SOC; and the quantiles of SOC stocks by continents, wetland types, and permafrost types. Depending on the definition of "wetland", wetland soils contain between 82 and 158 Pg SOC. With more detailed estimates for permafrost from the Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (496 Pg SOC) and tropical peatland carbon incorporated, global soils contain 1325 Pg SOC in the upper 1 m, including 421 Pg in tropical soils, whereof 40 Pg occurs in tropical wetlands. Global SOC amounts to just under 3000 Pg when estimates for deeper soil layers are included. Variability in estimates is due to variation in definitions of soil units, differences in soil property databases, scarcity of information about soil carbon at depths > 1 m in peatlands, and variation in definitions of "peatland".
Book Reviews
Authors: Briller Sherylyn
Published: April 2015

Abel, Emily and Subramanian Saskia. After the Cure: Untold Stories of Breast Cancer Survivors (2008)Mary HollensDagg Innis, Anne. The Social Behavior of Older Animals (2009) Georgia Richardson-Melody