bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transmission of electric waves around the earth's surface
Authors: Macdonald Hector Munro
Published: December 2006

In a previous communication, an expression for the magnetic force at any point when a Hertzian oscillator is placed outside a perfectly conducting sphere was obtained, and the principal parts of this were evaluated ; in particular it was found that when the point is inside the geometrical shadow and at an angular distance from the lino of contact of the shadow with the surface which is of higher order than (
ka
)
-⅓
, the ratio of the magnetic force to the magnetic force due to the oscillator alone is a Gilbert integral; when the point and the oscillator both approach the surface this integral tends to zero, but it may be expected to give information as to the way the magnetic force dies away in tins neighbourhood where it has diminished to order (
ka
)
-½
ψ1. The magnetic force on the surface when the oscillator is also on the surface was reinvestigated by Poincaré. and he indicated that the magnetic force at angular distance θ from the oscillator is of the form A
e
-aθ
, where A and α depend on the zero of ∂/∂
z
0
{
z
0
½
K

n
+½

(
lz
0)}, for which |
n
+½-z
0
| is least. The value of this zero was calculated by Nicholson,* who also calculated the value of A. The value given by him docs not agree with the coefficient of the corresponding term in the series found below ; this may be due to the fact that the process of summation employed by him is invalid as it assumes that
z
½
K
n+½
(
lz
)/∂/∂
z
{
z
0
½
K

n
+½

(
lz
)} is a meromorphic function of
n
+½, which is not true. The problem has recently been discussed by March and Rybczynski; the discussion in the second of these papers is very interesting, but the singularity of the integrand which contributes ultimately alone to the result is one which appears to have been introduced in the process, and which is not a singularity of the original expression for which the integrand is an approximation. The author remarks on the impossibility of representing the facts by a single exponential as the oscillator is approached ; this is fully borne out below. In what follows a aeries is obtained which represents the magnetic force at any point on the surface when the oscillator is also on the surface ; the series converges rapidly for large values of
θ
, and for largo values the first term is a sufficient approximation. For small values of
θ
the series converges very slowly. Tables showing the fall in amplitude with increase of distance have been calculated for different wave-lengths.
Explosion waves and shock waves III-The initiation of detonation in mixtures of ethylene and oxygen and of carbon monoxide and oxygen
Authors: Payman William , Titman H.
Published: December 2006

This series of papers has so far dealt mainly with non-maintained or partially maintained atmospheric shock waves, and only incidentally with the fully maintained "detonation" wave. It is generally accepted that the detonation wave in an explosive gas mixture is a shock wave produced by the rapid combustion of the mixture, sufficiently intense to cause almost instantaneous ignition of the gas through which it passes, and continuous maintained by the combustion thereby started. An account of some preliminary experiments, using the "wave-speed" camera to record the movement of the flame and of the invisible shock waves in front of the flame in gas mixtures prior to detonation, has already been given by one of us. Those experiments related mainly to hydrogen-oxygen and methane-oxygen mixtures whose aptitude to detonate may be regarded as moderate, for the continuation of the work, mixtures with oxygen have again been used, but a more readily detonating gas, ethylene, was chosen. Experiments were also made with carbon monoxide, because the flame usually requires a comparatively long run before detonation is established. These two gases have the advantage, not shared by hydrogen and methane, that their predetonation flames are sufficiently actinic for good records to be obtained by direct photography for comparison with corresponding "wave-speed" records. All gas mixtures used were saturated with water vapour.
The adsorption of hydrogen on tungsten
Authors: Roberts John Keith
Published: December 2006

When a gas atom or molecule strikes a solid surface it may either rebound, the collision being accompanied by an interchange of energy, or it may be adsorbed. In order to obtain a satisfactory interpretation of either type of phenomenon it is necessary to know the nature of the atoms concerned. This is comparatively easy for the gas, but the solid requires closer attention. The essential condition is that the surface of the solid is completely freed from adsorbed films of impurity before the experiment starts and remains free. In the earlier papers in which an account of the development of the present work on this problem has been given, it has been shown that the average interchange of energy when gas atoms strife and rebound from a slightly hotter metal surface is very markedly affected by the presence of such adsorbed films. The accommodation coefficient is a quantitative measure of the efficiency of this interchange and for neon with a tungsten surface the removal of all adsorbed films caused the accommodation coefficient to change almost by an order of magnitude (0.6 for an ordinary surface covered with adsorbed films of impurity and about 0.07 or 0.08 for a bare tungsten surface). This suggested that the accommodation coefficient of neon could be used as an indicator in studying the adsorption on bare tungsten of known gases mixed with the neon. The application to the study of the adsorption of hydrogen of the method that has been developed with this idea as a basis is described in 2.
Some properties of adsorbed films of oxygen on tungsten
Authors: Roberts John Keith
Published: December 2006

In the foregoing paper methods have been described for studying the adsorption of hydrogen on tungsten. Similar experiments have been carried out with oxygen. It is known from thermionic work that oxygen forms an adsorbed film on tungsten which is stable up to nearly 2000° K. The present experiments show that on top of this a second film is formed which is quite stable at ordinary temperatures. The properties of both films have been investigated. 1—Accommodation Coefficient of Neon We shall first consider the results obtained, using the accommodation coefficient of neon as an indicator. The experiment was carried out in the same way as with hydrogen except that the oxygen (prepared by heating potassium permanganate) was introduced into the stream of neon at such a place that it did not to pass through a charcoal tube before reaching the tube containing the wire. It was rapidly removed from the neon by the charcoal, and several admissions were necessary before the accommodation reached the saturation value.
The influence of hydrogen and deuterium on the thermal decomposition of diethyl ether in the low pressure region.
Authors: Mitchell J. W. , Hinshelwood Cyril Norman
Published: December 2006

Richards (1936) found from sound dispersion measurement that at ordinary temperatures, in exciting the lower vibrational states of ethylene, collisions between hydrogen and ethylene molecules were ten times as effective, and collisions between deuterium and ethylene molecules 1∙27 times as effective as collisions between ethylene molecules themselves. This meas that hydrogen is about eight times as effective as deuterium. The Specific effects of foreign gases in facilitating the interconversion of translational and vibrational energy as determined from measurements of the velocity of sound in the mixtures, have been explained by Franck and Eucken (1933) in terms of the chemical affinity between the colliding partners. This can however scarcely explain the results of Richards. The difference which he observed between hydrogen and deuterium seems to exclude any explanation for the superiority of hydrogen based on chemical affinity. The specific effect of hydrogen in activating molecules in unimolecular decompositions has been described in previous communications from this laboratory (Hinshelwood 1927; Hinshelwood and Askey 1927; Hinshelwood and Staveley 1936). The comparison of hydrogen with helium seemed to suggest that the difference could not be explained by differences of mass and velocity but rather by differing chemical properties. It seemed that the comparison of the effect of hydrogen with that of deuterium would provide significant information, and that the comparison with the results of Richards would be of interest.
Photo-electric measurements of the seasonal variations in daylight around 0·41
μ
, from 1930 to 1937
Authors: Atkins William Ringrose Gelston
Published: December 2006

An account has already been given of the standardization of photoelectric cells for the measurement of daylight (Poole and Atkins 1935) and of the recording of daylight using a Burt vacuum sodium cell and Cambridge thread recorder (Atkins and Poole 1936). It was shown that the measurements relate to the ultra-violet, violet and blue, but are chiefly an indication of the changes in light of wave-length about 0·41
μ
, a region in which the eye is of very low sensitivity.
Quantitative spectrographic analysis of biological material - III. A method for the determination of sodium and potassium in glandular secretions
Authors: Foster John Stuart , Langstroth G. O. , McRae D. R.
Published: December 2006

A study of certain digestive glands in experimental animals (Langstroth, McRae and Stavraky 1938) required the analysis of samples of secretion, ranging from less than 1 to 15 c. c. in volume, for several different substances. The use of the quantitative spectrographic method of analysis for Na and K described in this article aided considerably in obtaining the data for each sample, and so resulted in a description which was relatively complete as compared with that obtained under a purely chemical procedure. This more complete knowledge of the composition of the secretions was found to be of the utmost importance in the interpretation of the results, and in obtaining an understanding of the behaviour of the glands. The method of analysis for Na and K, like that for Pb described in paper I (Foster, Langstroth and McRae 1935), depends on the determination of the intensity ratio of a chosen line of the investigated element to one of an internal standard element. In contrast to the method of paper I, however, the sample is excited in a condensed A. C. spark discharge, and use is made of a standard working curve, viz. the intensity ratio plotted against concentration. Some important features of the procedure are as follows. (
a
) The load placed on the electrode contains a fixed “large” amount of some suitable added salt (the buffer). This serves to obviate variations in the operation of the source due to variations in the composition of the samples. It permits the use of one working curve in the analysis of samples which vary considerably in composition. (
b
) The sample may be placed directly on an electrode previously prepared by drying on it a solution containing the buffer salt and internal standard. With this procedure only 0·01 c. c. of a sample is required for an analysis of both elements,(
c
) The spectrum of each sample is photographed with an antimony absorption step-weakener (Langstroth and McRae 1937) before the spectrograph slit. The photographic blackenings of investigated lines then lie in the normal exposure region in some steps, and can there be accurately measured. In this way one exposure is sufficient for the determination of both elements, or of several elements if required.
The influence of rate of deformation on the tensile test with special reference to the yield point in iron and steel.
Authors: Elam C. F.
Published: December 2006

The following experiments were carried out with two principal objects in view: (1) to investigate the deformation of those metals, particularly iron and steel, in which the stress-strain curve does not immediately rise at the onset of plastic distortion; (2) to determine the effect of rate of deformation on the yield and subsequent stress-strain curve. It is impossible to give an adequate summary of the literature which deals with this subject, but a bibliography is included in an appendix and some of the most important results are referred to briefly below.
Influence of radiation on ionization equilibrium.
Authors: Srivastava B. N.
Published: December 2006

The ionization formula for an assembly of atoms, ions and electrons in thermodynamical equilibrium was first given by M.N. Saha in a series of papers (1920a, 1920b, 1921) and later extended by Darwin and Fowler (1923) and Milne (1921b) to include the different excited states of the atom. Milne (1921a) and Russel (1922) calculated the equilibrium in the case when the electron concentration can be regarded as an independent variable. In all these cases, however, the system is supposed to be in thermodynamical equilibrium, i. e. the reaction space is supposed to be traversed by radiation having the same temperature as the assembly. Let us, however, consider the case when radiation traversing an assembly consisting of the neutral atom, the ion and the electron is not in temperature equilibrium with the components of the system. The problem was attacked by M. N. Saha and R. K. Sur (1926), but the correct solution was obtained by Woltjer (1925a, 1925b) and Milne (1924) for the case of a non-relativistic non-degenerate system and was applied by Pannekoek (1926) to the explanation of the ionization of the earth's atmosphere by sunlight. Eddington (1926) in this way calculated the ionization in gaseous nebulae for which a more elaborate theory has been given later by Ambarzumian (1935). The purpose of the present communication is to extend the analysis to such systems in which the electrons are degenerate but the atoms and the ions are non-degenerate. Such cases occur in the interior of white dwarfs and of the planets as shown by D. S. Kothari (1936). For the sake of completeness we have derived in §1 the generalized ionization formula when the constituents obey any statistics. In §2 the ionization in presence of incident radiation of any composition is considered, the electrons being supposed to be either degenerate or non-degenerate.
An interferometric wave-length comparison of the red cadium radiation emitted by different sources.
Authors: Williams W. Ewart , Gogate D. V.
Published: December 2006

The red line of cadmium with a wave-length value of 6438·4696 A in "normal" air at 15° C. and 760 mm. pressure has long been used as the spectroscopic standard for accurate wave-length comparison. From time to time, the type of discharge tube and the type and condition of the discharge tube have been defined with increasing stringency both by the International Astronomical Union and by the International Conference of Weights and Measures, but in some respects they are yet not completely specified. Thus, while a lower limit it set on the diameter of the capillary no mention is made of its length. In many respects this discharge tube, which has to be maintained at 320° C. by means of an electric oven, is not a convenient source to employ. The high temperature gives rise to an enhanced Doppler width, and the comparatively high excitation voltage with its large electric field may cause a Stark broadening of the line. It can be easily shown that the errors due to optical defects in the Fabry-Pèrot plates have least effect when the light is passed through the plates as a parallel beam instead of being focused on the interferometer itself. A large magnification has to be used to enlarge the 2 mm. diameter disk source so that it fills the silt of the spectrograph. Since a high-aperture ratio lens cannot be used because of the limitations of the furnace and the capillary, the intensity of illumination at the slit is proportionatley reduced.
Intensitas vis magneticæ terrestris ad mensuram absolutam revocata
Authors: Gauss Karl Friedrich
Published: December 2006

In deviating thus far from the usual routine of the business of the Royal Society, His Royal Highness is actuated by a wish to promote the reciprocal and early communication of new and important discoveries and views in science, between our own and the other Societies of Europe, devoted, like this, to ‘
the improvement of natural knowledge
.’ “Communications of this nature, however, cannot of course be admitted into your Transactions; but the publication, from time to time, of your Proceedings, affords a happy means of giving them general circulation; and thus the rapid propagation of much valuable information will be effected, which otherwise, if not absolutely lost to us, would, at least, long remain unknown to the British scientific public.”
On the origin of the fibrin ferment
Authors: Wooldrige L. C. , Foster Michael
Published: December 2006

The “fibrin ferment” which makes its appearance in shed blood is generally, I believe, supposed to arise from the cellular elements of blood, either from ordinary white corpuscles or from some special kind of corpuscles, the cells so concerned discharging the ferment into the blood or setting it free by their actual disintegration. Without wishing to deny that this may be one source of fibrin ferment, I am able, I think, to bring forward evidence that ferment may make its appearance in blood-plasma perfectly free from cellular, and indeed from all formed elements, in which case it must arise from some constituents of the plasma itself, and not from cells of any kind. It will be most convenient, perhaps, if I state the facts which I have to bring forward in connexion with two series of experiments.
Über reihen auf der convergenzgrenze
Authors: Lasker Emanuel , Philos  , MacMahon Percy Alexander
Published: December 2006

The essay is divided into three chapters. A limit operation of any kind, for instance, simple or multiple integration; the formation of infinite sums or products; or any combination of these operations gives rise to certain typical considerations which form the subject of the first chapter.
On the relation between the spectra of sunspots and stars.
Authors: Lockyer Joseph Norman
Published: December 2006

As the period throughout which the observations of widened lines have been made at South Kensington now includes two maxima and three minima epochs of solar activity, it has seemed desirable to discuss the results obtained, taking into account the chemical origins of the lines affected in passing from the photosphere to the sunspot nuclei.
Further note on the remains of
Elephas cypriotes
, Bate, from a cave-deposit in Cyprus.
Authors: Bate Dorothy M. A. , Woodward Henry
Published: December 2006

This paper is a continuation of one
already published
, “On the Discovery of a Pigmy Elephant in the Pleistocene of Cyprus,” and enters into a detailed description of the teeth of this small proboscidean, whose remains are now in the British Museum of Natural History.
Studies on enzyme action. V.—Hydrolysis of isomeric glucosides and galactosides by acids and enzymes.
Authors: Armstrong Edward Frankland , Armstrong Henry Edward
Published: December 2006

In view of the use constantly made, in contrasting the action of sucroclastic enzymes, of the stereoisomeric α- and β-methyl glucosides and the corresponding galactosides as test materials, it was desirable to gain some idea of the relative stability of these four compounds in presence of acids and wherever possible towards enzymes, a know­ledge of their behaviour being of importance, both as throwing light on their intrinsic properties and for the purpose of correlating the activities of the various compounds amenable to hydrolysis.
Studies on enzyme action : the effect of ‘poisons’ on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by hæmase.
Authors: Senter George , Starling Ernest Henry
Published: December 2006

Schönbein was the first to observe that most animal and vegetable juices have the property of decomposing hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, as well as the power of developing a blue colour in tincture of guaiacum containing a little hydrogen peroxide. Since these properties belonged to all the enzymes then known,
e. g.
, emulsin and diastase, Schönbein regarded them as characteristic of enzymes in general, and used them in his numerous investigations as tests for the presence of these bodies.
The effects of temperature and pressure on the thermal conductivities of bodies. Part I.–The effect of temperature on the thermal conductivities of some electrical insulators.
Authors: Lees Charles Herbert , Schuster Arthur
Published: December 2006

The substance whose thermal conductivity is to be determined has the form of a cylinder about 8 cms. long, 2 cms. diameter, and is surrounded by a thin cylinder of brass, which on account of its comparatively high thermal conductivity, makes the outer surfaces of the substance isothermal surfaces. The brass cylinder is placed in a Dewar The heat is supplied by the passage of an electrical current through platinoid wire embedded in the substance parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and about .4 cm. distant from it. The amount of heat generated is determined by the current through the wire and the potential difference between its ends. The temperature is measured by the electrical resistance of two short spirals of No. 40 pure platinum wire, down the centre of one of which the heating wire passes. To eliminate errors due to want of symmetry, a second heating wire passes down the centre of the second spiral, and the heating current may be sent through either or both at will.
Experiments on the nature of the opsonic action of the blood serum.
Authors: Bulloch William , Atkin E. E. , Hill Leonard Erskine
Published: December 2006

In a series of simple and convincing experiments Wright and Douglas have shown that in phagocytosis so called, an important if not a cardinal
róle
is played by the body humors, whereby they act upon the bacteria, thus rendering the latter an easy prey for the polynuclear leucocytes. The demonstration of this
opsonic
action of the serum or plasma was mainly brought about by testing separately and combined the body humors and the corpuscles which had been washed in salt solution. Contrary to general opinion, Wright and Douglas found that the leucocytes were capable of engulfing microbes only when the latter had been attacked by the serum or plasma.
Exterior ballistics.–‘Error of the Day,’ and other corrections to naval range-tables.
Authors: Forbes George
Published: December 2006

One of the most common problems that meet artillerists is that of correcting for retardation caused by air-resistance, this being proportional to the air-density. The published range-tables, as calculated for any type of gun with given weight and form of shot, and given charge of powder, are based on trials with different elevations when the range and time of flight are measured directly. The range- tables are calculated from the experiments by making corrections for muzzle velocity and for air density. The problem now before us is to find a simple rule for deducing from the published range-table another range-table with a different air-density.
Ionic sizes in relation to the conductivity of electrolytes.
Authors: Bousfield William Robert , Larmor Joseph
Published: December 2006

The law of mass action, which gives us Ostwald’s law for weak electrolytes, has not hitherto been harmonized with the empirical data for strong electrolytes. But it may be reconciled with the conductivity data for strong electrolytes as well as weak, on the hypothesis that the ions of an electrolyte consist of molecular aggregates in combination with water, and on this hypothesis gives Van’t Hoff’s Law. If Stokes’s results as to the motion of a sphere in a viscous fluid be applied to the motion of the ions of a binary electrolyte, it is again necessary, in order to reconcile theory with empirical facts, to make the same assumption, and to suppose that the ions are molecular aggregates largely composed of water molecules, the size of an ion depending upon the amount of water in combination with it, and being a function of the temperature and concentration.
IX. Über reihen auf der convergenzgrenze
Authors: Lasker Emanuel , MacMahon Percy Alexander
Published: December 2006

1. Es seien
x
1
. . .

x
r

r
complexe Variabele, welche in einem 2
r
-dimensionalen fictiven Raume als Coordinaten seiner reellen Punkte dienen mögen. Das System der Werte
x
1
. . .

x
r

bezeichnet. Sind
e
1
. . .
e
i
r
positive endlicbe im übrigen beliebig kleine Zahlen, und nimmt

n
i

alle complexen Wertean, die der Ungleichung |

n
1

| ≤

e
i

genügen, so heisse das Aggregat aller Punkte
x
1
+

n
1

+

n
2

, . . .
x
r
+
n
r
die Nachbarschaft des Punktes
x
1
. . .

x
r

.
To the Right Reverend Father in God Seth Lord Bishop of Sarum
Authors: Oldenburg Henry
Published: December 2006

My Lord, I apprehended it my duty in many respects to dedicate to your Lordship this small volume of the Philosophical Transactions For We ought to remember, that 'tis now about 15 or 16 years, since your Lordship Geometrized Astronomy .which did oblige the chief Astronomers of this Learned Age.
A relation of the conferences held at Paris in the Academy Royal for the improvement of the arts of painting and sculpture, as 'tis found in the Journal des Scavans
Authors: Brown Edward
Published: December 2006

These conferences are held once a month by divers ablemasters making reflexions and observations upon the rarest pieces in the cabinet of his Most-Christian Majesty, the Establisher of that Academy, Monsieur Colbert
Experiments concerning the motion of the sap in trees, made this spring by Mr. Willugby, and Mr. Wray, Fellowes of the R. Society: and communicated to the publisher of the inquiries touching that subject in Numb. 40
Authors: Willughby Francis , Ray John
Published: December 2006

1. In
Birch
-trees the Sap issues out of the least twiggs of Branches, and fibres of Roots, in proportion to their bigness.
An extract of a letter written by Mr. Joshua Childrey to the publisher, containing an accompt of a passage by sea to the East-Indies, communicated to him by that ingenious travailor Mr. Richard Smithson who made two voyages into those parts
Authors: Childrey Joseph , Smithson Richard
Published: December 2006

From
England
to
Cape Finis Terræ
in
Gallicia
in 44. degr.
North Lat
. the Winds are as variable as with Vs; onely the Bay of
Biscay
is more subject to storms, and the Sea more rough, and the Waves running very high.
An extract of a letter written to the publisher from Plymouth Novem. 2. 1669. by William Durston Dr. of Physick; concerning the death of the bigg-breasted woman (discoursed of in numb. 52.) together with what was thereupon observed in her body
Authors: Durston William
Published: December 2006

Sir, I Thank you for yours, which by reason of my absence came not to my hands till this day.
Elizabeth Travers
dyed on Thursday night, October 21.
A letter of Francis Willoughby Esquire, of August 24. 1671. Containing some considerable observations about that kind of wasps, call'd Vespæ Ichneumones; especially their several ways of breeding, and among them, that odd way of laying their eggs in the bodies of caterpillars, &c
Authors: Willughby Francis
Published: December 2006

As I remember, M.
Lister's
opinions is that the
Muscœ Ichneumones
lay their Eggs in the bodies of Caterpillars; which I look upon as very ingenious and true, and must subscribe to it, though I cannot yet absolutely demonstrate it, as I hoped I should have done before this.
Observations made by Mr. Hook, of some sports in the Sun, return'd after they had passed over the upper hemisphere of the Sun which is hid from us; according as was predicted
Authors: Hook
Published: December 2006

August 30. 1671. I saw a large Spot in the Center of the Suns face about noon, but had not then time to make any more exact observation thereof.
A relation of the return of a great permanent spot in the planet Jupiter, observed by Signor Cassini, one of the Royal Parisian Academy of the Sciences
Authors: Cassini Jean Dominique
Published: December 2006

Tis now above six years, that Signor
Cassini
published the Theory of two sorts of
Spots
, at certain times to be seen in the Disque of
Jupiter
.
Mr. Newtons letter of April 13. 1672. st. v. written to the publisher, being an answer to the fore-going letter of P. Pardies
Authors: Newton Isaac , Pardies P
Published: December 2006

A
ccepi Observationes Reverendi Patris
Ignatii Pardies in
Epistolam meam de Lucis Refractionibus & Coloribus ad Te conscriptam
:
Some annotations of the learned Dr. Walter Needham upon a discovery pretended to have bean made by the famous Monsieur Pecquet of a communication between the ductus thoracicus and the inferior vena cava
Authors: Needham Walter
Published: December 2006

The Discovery made about twenty years since by M.
Pecquet
of the
Ductus Thoracicus
, seemed not sufficient to clear up all the Difficulties to be met with in the New opinion, which this Channel hath occasion’d, concerning Sanguification.
A second letter of P. Pardies, written to the publisher from Paris May 21. 1672. to Mr. Newtons answer, made to his first letter, printed in numb. 84
Authors: Pardies P
Published: December 2006

Redditæ mihi sunt tuæ literæ cum observationibus Clarissimi atque Ingeniossimi
Newtoni,
quibus ad meas difficultates respondit
.
An extract of Mr. Flamsteads letter of April, 19. 1673. containing some more accurate observations of his own, about Jupiter's transits near some fixed star; useful for determining the inclination of that planet to the ecliptique.
Authors: Flamsteed John
Published: December 2006

Sir, The inclosed Paper contains some Observation of Jupiter, which being made from a more convenient Station, than I commonly have used, are more accurated than my former ones.
Extract of a letter, written to the publisher by M. Denys from Paris, May 1, 1673; giving notice of an admirable liquor, instantly stopping the blood of arteries prickt or cut, without any suppuration, or without leaving any scar or cicatrice.
Authors: Denys M.
Published: December 2006

Sir, We are now busie, by the King's order, in making Experiments, whence the world is like to receive great benefit.
The figures of some of Mr. Leewenhoecks microscopical observations, formerly publish't (in numb. 94. p. 6037. 6038.) together with their explication
Authors: Leeuwenhoek Antoni Van
Published: December 2006

This Curious observer, having been desired by the Publisher, since his first Communications, already print­ed in these Papers, that, for further satisfaction, he would please to transmit the
Figures
of what he had so well observed, and he having not only very obligingly complied with that desire, but also added New Observations ;
Two other letters to the same purpose with the former: the first of the Right Honourable the Lord Vis-count Brouncker, chancellor to her Majesty, and President of the R. Society, &c
Authors: Brouncker William
Published: December 2006

Sir, It is very sure, that Mr.
William Neil
had in the year 1657. found out and demonstrated a Streight line equal to a Paraboloeid
Mr. Francis Vernons letter, written to the publisher Januar. 10th 1675/6, giving a short account of some his observations in his travels from Venice through Istria, Dalmatia, Greece, and the Archipelago, to Smyrna, where this letter was written
Authors: Vernon Francis
Published: December 2006

Sir, I must beg your excuse for not having written to you in so long a space: The little rest I have had, and the great unsetledness of my condition is the reason. Neither have I now any great Curiosities to impart to you ; only some final 1 circumstances of my Journey I will run over.
Advertisements on the Vinetum Britannicum mentioned in the last foregoing tract sent to the publisher by the Reverend Dr. J. Beal Rector of Yeovil in Somersetshire and one of his Majesties Chaplains
Authors: Beale John
Published: December 2006

Sir, With much regard to the worthy Author of Vinetum Britannicum for his obligingness towards the publick , and for the further encouragement and improvement of our Countrey in Hortulans , I am willing to add some lines to the mention you made of it.
An account of some Books: - I. The natural history of Oxfordshire, being an essay toward the natural history of England: By Robert Plot, LL. D. Printed at the theater in oxford, 1677, in fol. - II. L' Architecture Navale, avec le Routier des indes orientales & occidentales: Par le sieur dassié; à Paris 1677. in 4°. - III. Philosophical dialogues concerning the Principles of natural bodies; by W. Simpson, M. D. Lond. 1677. - IV. A new treatise of Chymistry, &c. written in French by Christopher G
Authors: Plot Robert
Published: December 2006

An account of some Books: - I. The natural history of Oxfordshire, being an essay toward the natural history of England: By Robert Plot, LL. D. Printed at the theater in oxford, 1677, in fol. - II. L' Architecture Navale, avec le Routier des indes orientales & occidentales: Par le sieur dassié; à Paris 1677. in 4°. - III. Philosophical dialogues concerning the Principles of natural bodies; by W. Simpson, M. D. Lond. 1677. - IV. A new treatise of Chymistry, &c. written in French by Christopher Glaser, and faithfully englished by F. R. S. London, 1677. in 80. The worthy and learned Author of this Work, having very generously undertaken to make a fuller and stricter survey of the Natural and Artifical things of
England
, than hath been made hitherto, and being induced to this undertaking by the consideration of advancing thereby both the knowledge of
Nature
, and the business of
Trade
; hath begun to execute this Noble design by giving us a very particular account of what occurred to him, for the most part upon his own personal enquiry, in
Oxfordshire
.
An account of three books. I. The royal pharmacopæa, galeno-chymical, according to the practise of the most eminent and learned physitians of France, and published with their several approbations. By Moses Charras, the Kings chief Operator in his Royal Garden of Plants. In English. II. Decameron physiologicum: Or, ten dialogues of natural philosophy. To which is added (they are the Authors words) the proportion of a streight line, equal to half the arch of a quadrant. By Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury
Authors: Charras Moses
Published: December 2006

An account of three books. I. The royal pharmacopæa, galeno-chymical, according to the practise of the most eminent and learned physitians of France, and published with their several approbations. By Moses Charras, the Kings chief Operator in his Royal Garden of Plants. In English. II. Decameron physiologicum: Or, ten dialogues of natural philosophy. To which is added (they are the Authors words) the proportion of a streight line, equal to half the arch of a quadrant. By Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury. III. Mechanick exercises: Or, the doctrine of hand, works. Began Jan. 1. prosecuted in two other essays, February 1, and March 1. 1677. And intended to be continued monthly. By Joseph Moxon, Hydrographer to the King. The diligent and Ingenious Anthor having some years since received Order and Directions from Monsieur
Anthony d' Aquine
, primary Physician to the French King, for composing a
Galeno. Chymical Pharmacopæa
: his Industrious pursuance of the same from year to year, hath at length produced this Work.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Edmund Pitt, Alderman of Worcester, a very knowing Botanist; concerning the sorbus pyriformis
Authors: Pitt Edmund
Published: December 2006

Last year I found a Rarity growing wild in a Forest of this Country of
Worcester
.
To the whole book are added five tables of figures. - An advertisement of the monthly continuation of the Mechanick Exercises;
Authors: Moxon Joseph
Published: December 2006

The ingenious Author having began and continu'd his three first months. Excercises on
Smithery
: in these three next, he gives an account of
Joynery
.
Anatomical observations in the body of a woman about 50 years old, who died hydropical in her left testicle, Decemb, 30 1677. Made and communicated by the learned Dr. Henry Sampson. extracted out of his Latine copy, by the author of these transactions
Authors: Sampson Henry
Published: December 2006

She had been married, but had never born Child. Had been a Widdow for about ten years before her death.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Butterfield mathemasique instrument-maker to the French King, about the making of microscopes with very small and single glasses: and of some other instruments
Authors: Butterfield
Published: December 2006

I doubt not but you may be as busie at
London
as we are here in making of Microscopes of the manner lately brought out of
Holland
by Mr.
Huigens
, whereof I have of several fashions ready made.
The second paper of the same person concerning the spontaneous firing of the pyrites
Authors: Lyster Martin
Published: December 2006

If it shall be objected, that no Body is kindled by it self: I answer, that it seems to me apparently otherwise; for that Vegetables will heat and take fire of themselves, as in the frequent instance of Wett Hay: and Animals are naturally on fire, and man doth then sufficiently demonstrate it, when in a Feavour: But amongst Minerals, the Pyrites, both in Gross and in Vapour, is actually of its own accord fired.
The third paper of the same person, concerning thunder and lightning being from the Pyrites
Authors: Lyster Martin
Published: December 2006

There are two sorts of instances (besides the Arguments I formerly urged, which to me are alone sufficiently convincing) which very favour the opinion I lately offered.
A letter from Mr. Thomas Machel of Kirkbythore in Westmorland to Sr. W. D. March 25, 1684. concerning some Antiquities found there
Authors: Machel Thomas
Published: December 2006

Your love to
Antiquity
, and my Obligations to you are such, that I cannot omit to give you an Account of a strange
Well
, discovered here about a week since by the
foot
of an Horse, which stumbled upon it; and therefore may be called the Fountain Hypocrene.
Extract of letter of Mr. Haethcott to Mr. Flamfteed from Cabo Cors Castle on the Coast of Guiney the 14th of December 1683. Concerning the Tide on the coast variation of the needle &c
Authors: Heathcott Mr
Published: December 2006

The sea runs here along the shore continually to the Eastward, at the very great Rate, except at full and change, for the it runs to Westward or the least makes agreat Abate November 24th.
A letter from Mr. Tankred Robinson to Dr. M. L. Aug. 4. 1683. concerning the bridge at St. Esprit in France
Authors: Robinson Tancred
Published: December 2006

According to your Order, I made as many Observation upon the Fabrick, and design of the Bridge at
Pont St. Esprit
, as my short stay there would permit;
Defeĉtus exigui lunaris observationes, grenovici babit & Junii 16.1684 p. m. n. seq. à Johanne Flamfteedio. Math. Reg
Authors: Flamsteedio Joanne
Published: December 2006

Difficillima fuerit parvæ hujus
Eclipsis
observatio, propter obliquam lunæ in umbram terræ Incidentiam, Umbræque ipsius tenuitatem, per quam limbum
Lunæ
, media etiam
Eclipsi
, fatis distincte cernere potuimus.
Observations of the solar eclipse July the 2. 1684. at Oxford, sent in a letter from Dr. Edw. Bernard, Astron. Prof. Oxon. to Mr. John Flamsteed, Astron. Reg. at Lisbon by Mr. Jacobs; at Dublin, by Mr. Ash and Mr. Molyneaux; and at Tredagh by Mr. Osburn
Authors: Bernard Edward , Jacobs Mr. , Ash Mr. , Molyneaux Mr. , Osburn Mr.
Published: December 2006

Quotidie crescit tibi è Cœlo gloria. Sive novas Ætnas in orbe solari deprehendas ante alios, & quasiillae è proximo eminerent accurate admodum metiaris:
Essays of natural experiments made in the Academy del Cimento under the protection of the most serene Prince Leopold of Tuscany. Englisht by the ingenious Richard Waller Esq; fellow of the Royal Society
Authors: Waller Richard
Published: December 2006

This work was published in
Italian
in the year 1667. and contains several curious Experiments made in the Academy del Cimento, at Florence:
Solutio philosophica casus cujusdam rarioris à Cl. domino doĉtore briggs, in aĉtis philosophicis numb. 159. nuper editi, de juvene vespere cæcutiente
Authors: Briggs Domino Doetore
Published: December 2006

Vulgo notum, & à nemine (uti credo) oppugnatum, quod interdiu quamplurimi vapores, à sole ratefaĉti, attolluntur, qui desiciente calore, post ejus occasum, à frigore densacti, descendunt; quodque inde aer præcipue prope terram sit spissior.
Accounts of three books. 1. De Orgine Fontiumtentamen philosophicum, in prælectione habita coramsocietate philosophicanuper Oxoniæ instituta ad scientiam naturalem promovendam, . Per Rob. Plot LL. D. Custodiæ Musæi Ashmoleani Oxoniæ Præpositum. & Regiæ Societatis Secretarium Oxon. in 8°. 1685. 2. Medicina Septentrionalis Collatitia, s. Rei medicæ nuperis annis à Medicis Anglis, Germanis & Danis emissæ sylloge & syntaxis. Opera Theophili Boneti. D. M. cum Indicibus & figuris necessariis. Gene
Authors: Plot Rob
Published: December 2006

The
Author
of this
Treatise
, de
Origine Fontium
, disliking the old way of handling this Subjiect, as too general and remote ;
A discourse concerning Weather, &c. By the learned Dr Garden of Aberdene. Written by way of letter, to Mr. Henry Scougall, Professor of Theology in that University; and communicated to the Phil. Soc. of Oxford, by the reverend Dr Middleton, Provost of the Kings College in Aberdeen
Authors: Middleton
Published: December 2006

I am sorrie, I can give you no better satisfaction in this account you demand of the Conjecture we had lately occasion to talk about, my other necessarie diversions and the few observations I have made, render it the more imperfect.
Epistola Clariss. Viri Dni. Gulielmi Cole Med. Doĉt. Ad Honoratissimum Dum.Dum. Rob. Boyl Armigeru, de Falfa Graviditate
Authors: Cole Gulielmo
Published: December 2006

I Gnoscat mihi Humanitas vestra,
Honoratissime Vir
, quod igntous graviora, qurbus in rem literariam (præsertim Medicam, invigilas, negotia interpellare auslim.
A new way of raising water
Authors: Papin Denis
Published: December 2006

Having seen it practised several times, that after the Discovery of some new Problem, the Inventor propounds it as a Riddle, to stir up those that are ingenious in the same kind of learning, and make them find sometimes better things then what is propounded: I have thought I might do the same, with a way for
raising water
, which I think surely to be new, since it is not used in considerable occasions where it might be of great advantage.
A treatise of algebra, both historical and practical
Authors: Wallis John
Published: December 2006

The Author, in this Preface to the Reader, has given us a full account of this learned Work; which shall be here Reprinted in his own words
.
A full description, with the use, of the new contrivance for raising - water, propounded in the phil. Trans N°. 173
Authors: Papin Denis
Published: December 2006

There being already six months, since I did first propound a
new way for raising water
,printed since in the
philosophical transactions
of July 1685; and no body having yet unriddled it, I believe it would be needless to conceal it any longer; but will rather, according to my promise, give a full description of the whole contrivance; that the R. S. may be pleased to improve it, and that it may be made use of, by those who may have occasion for it.
A Letter from M
r
William Nicolson, to the Reverend Mr Walker, Master of University Coll: in Oxford; concerning a runic inscription at Beaucastle
Authors: Nicolson William
Published: December 2006

Tis now high time to make good my promise of giving you a more perfect Account of our two
Runic
Inscriptions at
Beau-Castle
and
Bridekirk
.
An account of the latitude of constantinople, and rhodes, written by the Learned Mr John Greaves, sometime Professor of Astronomy in the University of Oxford, and directed to the most Reverend James Ussher, Arch-Bishop of Armagh
Authors: Greaves John
Published: December 2006

Upon Intrimation of your
Grace's
desires, and upon importunity of some Learned Men, having finished a Table, as a key to your
Grace
's exquisite disquisition, touching
Asia
properly so called;
IV. The abstract of two letters sent some time since by Mr. Anth. Van. Leeuwenhoeek to Dr. Gale and Dr. Hooke
Authors: Leeuwenhoek Antoni Van
Published: December 2006

Having examined the
Testicles
of a
Rat
, and the Liquor press'd out of the Seminal Vessels thereof, I found a great number of
Amalcules
long and serpent-like, as is represented
Fig
. 4. which shews one of them dead.
VI. An estimate of the degrees of the mortality of mankind; drawn from curious tables of the births and funerals at the city of Breslaw; with an attempt to ascertain the price of annuities upon lives
Authors: Halley Edmond
Published: December 2006

The Contemplation of the
Mortality
of
Mankind
, has besides the
Moral
, its
Physical
and
Political
Uses, both which have been some years since most judiciously considered by the curious Sir
William Petty
, in his
Natural
and
Political
Observations on the Bills of
Mortality of London
, owned by Captain
John Graunt
.
IV. An extract of a letter from Mr. Anth. Van Leuwenhoek, concerning animalcules found on the teeth; of the scaleyness of the skin, &c
Authors: Leeuwenhoek Antoni Van
Published: December 2006

I Have often endeavoured to discover Animalcules in Spittle, but in vain: But examining a kind of gritty Matter from between my Teeth, and mixing it sometimes with Rain-water, and sometimes with Spittle, both which before had no Animalcules, I discovered therein with admiration a great number of very small ones moving.
II. What a compleat treatise of navigation should contain. Drawn up in the Year 1685. by Sir William Petty late Fellow of the Royal Society
Authors: Petty William
Published: December 2006

1. What
Arithmetick
in whole Numbers and Fractions, as also in
Decimals
and
Logarithmes
, is necessary for the same? And what
Books
are best for teaching so much thereof?
I. Observations of the comparative, intensive or specific gravities of various bodies
Authors: Clayton John
Published: December 2006

Pump-water 1000 Borax. 1720 Cork 237 A spotted factitious Marble 1822 Sassafras Wood 482 Juniper Wood (dry.) 556 A Gally - Pot. 1928
II. Extracts of some letters from Mr. John Sturdie of Lancashire concerning iron ore; and more particularly of the hæmatites, wrought into iron at milthrop-forge in that county
Authors: Evelyn John
Published: December 2006

Sir, You will receive herewith some of the Cinder you desir'd, as also a little of Iron-stone both burnt and unburnt.
VIII. An extract of a letter from Mr. Anth. Van. Leeuwenhoek, containing several observations on the texture of the bones of animals compared with that of wood : on the bark of trees : on the little scales found on the cuticula, &c
Authors: Leeuwenhoek Antoni Van
Published: December 2006

I Some years since writ Mr.
Oldenburgh
, That I conceived the Bone to be constituted of Globules ; but finding my Mistake, I retracted that Opinion : For what I then took for Globules, was the tops of the Tubes or Cilinders whereof the Bone is composed.
IX. A discourse concerning the proportional heat of the sun in all latitudes, with the method of collecting the same, as it was read before the Royal Society in one of their late meetings
Authors: Halley Edmond
Published: December 2006

There having lately arisen some Discourse about that part of the Heat of Weather, simply Produced by the Action of the Sun;
V. An account of the true cortex winteranus, and the tree that bears it.
Authors: Sloane Hans
Published: December 2006

One of the Ships which went out with Sir Francis Drake, when he went round the World, where of Captain Winter was Commander, brought into England from the Straits of Magellan an Aromatic Bark,
I. Mr. John Clayton, rector of Croston at Wakefield, his letter to the Royal Society, giving a farther account of the soil, and other observables of Virginia
Authors: Clayton John
Published: December 2006

I Shall here present you with a Continuation of my Remarks on the River, Soil, and Plants of
Virginia
.