bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and NMR characteristics of N‐acetyl‐4‐nitro, N‐acetyl‐5‐nitro, N‐acetyl‐6‐nitro and N‐acetyl‐7‐nitrotryptophan methyl esters
Authors: King Russell R. , Calhoun Larry A.
Published: November 2008

N‐acetyl‐4‐nitrotryptophan methyl ester (2), N‐acetyl‐5‐nitrotryptophan methyl ester (3), N‐acetyl‐6‐nitrotryptophan methyl ester (4) and N‐acetyl‐7‐nitrotryptophan methyl ester (5) were synthesized through a modified malonic ester reaction of the appropriate nitrogramine analogs followed by methylation with BF3‐methanol. Assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were made using a combination of 1H–1H COSY, 1H–13C HETCOR and 1H–13C selective INEPT experiments. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Slope stability analysis based on the direct comparison of driving forces and resisting forces
Authors: Razdolsky Alexander G.
Published: November 2008

The paper disproves a commonly accepted concept that the slope stability problem cannot be correctly solved without invoking the auxiliary static assumptions. The given slope stability analysis is based on the direct comparison of the driving force tending to induce a movement of the slope mass and the mobilized resisting force. A problem of separating the driving forces from the resisting forces is resolved by subdividing an area of the assumed slide mass into two segments wherein the driving forces dominate over the resisting forces at the first segment and vice versa at the other. The slope stability is assessed by the stability index that is equal to a ratio between the resisting forces and driving forces. The stability problem is reduced to determining and analyzing a distribution of the interslice force along the slip line length. A system of recurrence dependencies involving the components of the interslice force and the vertical coordinates of the thrust line is derived from the complete system of the slice equilibrium equations (equilibrium of the horizontal and vertical forces and the force moment equilibrium). This system falls into two subsystems of relations one of which involves only the components of the interslice force. From this it follows that a distribution of the interslice force does not depend on the thrust line position. The slope safety factor regulated by the design manuals for mobilizing the soil shear strength along the slip line is prescribed in advance. A computer program is developed for solving the governing recurrence relations and computing the slope stability index. The applicability of the program is confirmed by solving the problem on a calculation of the critical safety factor for three shapes of the slip line (a circular arc, and a cubic and quadratic parabola) and the stability problem of the real inhomogeneous slope consisting of four layers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extended finite element method with analytical enrichment for cohesive crack modeling
Authors: Cox James V.
Published: November 2008

A recent approach to fracture modeling has combined the extended finite element method (XFEM) with cohesive zone models. Most studies have used simplified enrichment functions to represent the strong discontinuity but have lacked an analytical basis to represent the displacement gradients in the vicinity of the cohesive crack. In this study enrichment functions based upon an existing analytical investigation of the cohesive crack problem are proposed. These functions have the potential of representing displacement gradients in the vicinity of the cohesive crack and allow the crack to incrementally advance across each element. Key aspects of the corresponding numerical formulation and enrichment functions are discussed. A parameter study for a simple mode I model problem is presented to evaluate if quasi‐static crack propagation can be accurately followed with the proposed formulation. The effects of mesh refinement and mesh orientation are considered. Propagation of the cohesive zone tip and crack tip, time variation of the cohesive zone length, and crack profiles are examined. The analysis results indicate that the analytically based enrichment functions can accurately track the cohesive crack propagation of a mode I crack independent of mesh orientation. A mixed mode example further demonstrates the potential of the formulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periglacial distribution modelling with a boosting method
Authors: Hjort Jan , Marmion Mathieu
Published: November 2008

We assessed the applicability of a boosting method in periglacial distribution modelling using empirically derived data on cryoturbation, sporadic permafrost and sorted solifluction from an area of 600 km2 in sub‐Arctic Finland. The main aims were: (1) to compare the predictive ability of the generalised boosting method used with more common parametric techniques (generalised linear model) and machine‐learning methods (artificial neural networks) and (2) to assess the tenability of the explanatory variables highlighted by the generalised boosting method. The results showed the robustness of the boosting method in predicting the distribution of periglacial phenomena in the sub‐Arctic landscape. Furthermore, the environmental factors selected by the boosting method coincided well with the expected controls of the phenomena. The strengths of the generalised boosting method lie in its high predictive ability, flexibility in capturing complex process‐environment relationships and realistic model outcomes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pressure effect on electronic properties of Sc0.5In0.5N compound
Authors: Pérez William López , Rodríguez M. Jairo Arbey , González Rafael , Fajardo Fabio , Mancera Luis
Published: November 2008

We have applied the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP‐LAPW) within the density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the Sc0.5In0.5N compound in the wurtzite and sodium chloride structures. We have analyzed the relative stability of this ternary compound in the two studied phases. We found that the wurtzite structure is the most stable phase, with the minimum ∼0.14 eV/(unit cell) lower than in the sodium chloride phase. A phase transition from wurtzite to sodium chloride structure was observed, with transition pressure ∼1.9 GPa. Our results predict a direct semiconductor in wurtzite structure and an indirect semiconductor in sodium chloride phase. We investigate the pressure effect on the electronic properties of this ternary compound in the two phases studied. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure tuning of external‐cavity tapered laser
Authors: Trzeciakowski W. , Dybala F. , Mrozowicz M. , Bercha A. , Piechal B. , Ostendorf R. , Gilly J. , Kelemen M. T.
Published: November 2008

Pressure tuning (in the 20 kbar range) was performed for external‐cavity laser diode coupled to photorefractive crystal (BaTiO3 and KNbO3) and coupled to diffraction grating. The diodes were high power InGaAs/AlGaAs tapered lasers emitting around 975 nm at ambient conditions with beam parameter M2 = 1.3. The beam parameter of the laser remained stable with pressure. Side modes were suppressed by 40 dB in external cavities. The maximum tuning range was 140 nm (from 987 nm to 847 nm). Above 3 A current the lasers degraded due to Catastrophic Optical Damage, probably due to residual absorption in the liquid. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Refinement and 3D‐QSAR Studies of Inhibitors of Cyclophilin A Containing Amide Linker
Authors: Fan Feng , Zhu Jin , Ni Shuaishuai , Cheng Jiagao , Tang Yun , Kang Congmin , Li Jian , Jiang Hualiang
Published: November 2008

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme playing essential role in many biological processes, and the discovery of CypA inhibitor is now of special interest in the treatment of immunological disorders. In this work, molecular modeling studies were performed to develop a predictive Common Pharmacophore Hypothesis (CPH) and use it for alignment in 3D‐QSAR studies using CoMFA and CoMSIA. A total of 30 compounds containing an amide fragment as the key linker, consisting of 17 of our previously discovered CypA inhibitors and 13 other inhibitors reported in the literature, were selected for pharmacophore refinement and 3D‐QSAR studies. The best pharmacophore hypothesis AADR, which had two hydrogen bond acceptors, a hydrogen bond donor, and an aromatic ring, was obtained and used for the alignment of molecules in CoMFA and CoMSIA model development. The models showed a good r2 value of 0.992 and 0.949 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The contour maps of the models were analyzed to give structural insight for activity improvement of future novel CypA inhibitors. The CPH can also provide a powerful template for virtual screening and design of new CypA inhibitors.
Data fusion of XPS and AFM images for chemical phase identification in polymer blends
Authors: Artyushkova Kateryna , Farrar Jabari O. , Fulghum Julia E.
Published: November 2008

In this study, multitechnique image fusion between imaging X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and phase imaging atomic force microscopy (AFM) is discussed. It is beneficial for the purpose of facilitating correlation of different physical properties such as phase information from AFM images with chemical information from XPS images and enhancing spatial resolution by utilizing a nanometer spatial resolution of AFM images to enhance data from XPS images with spatial resolutions of microns. Small‐area‐imaging XPS is used to identify the phases observed through AFM for the data obtained from the same area on a sample. A patterned surface of polymer on indium tin oxide (ITO) is used to outline the procedure. The procedure is applied to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride) PVC blends of various compositions. The phases are clearly identifiable in AFM images based on imaging XPS results. Resolution merge was also applied to multispectral XPS and AFM images acquired from polystyrene/polybutadiene blend. This type of image fusion allows for a direct visualization of overlap between chemical and topographical heterogeneities, which is critical in understanding material properties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of TOF‐SIMS bioanalysis using mutual information
Authors: Aoyagi Satoka
Published: November 2008

The evaluation of proteins on biodevices, such as the distribution or orientation of immobilized proteins, is one of the most important issues for the development of sophisticated biodevices. In this review, a description is provided of the application of one of the most sensitive surface analysis methods, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), to protein evaluation and TOF‐SIMS spectra analysis using mutual information. TOF‐SIMS is useful for the evaluation of biodevice surfaces, because TOF‐SIMS provides submicron‐scale chemical mapping and information on the chemical structures of the upper surface part of a protein. In addition, TOF‐SIMS requires no pretreatment of samples, such as labeling with a fluorescent probe or coating with metallic thin films. Data analysis methods are, however, required to interpret the protein sample TOF‐SIMS data, because the fragment ions from proteins are so complicated that it is difficult to predict them. In order to identify hidden important peaks related to protein samples out of the hundreds of peaks in TOF‐SIMS spectra, mutual information has been used. Protein distribution on biodevices and the orientation of an immobilized protein obtained with this method are described in this review. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface composition of insulin and albumin adsorbed on polymer substrates as revealed by multivariate analysis of ToF‐SIMS data
Authors: Henry M. , Bertrand P.
Published: November 2008

The structure and the composition of adsorbed protein films containing human serum albumin (HSA) and/or human insulin were studied with time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The proteins were adsorbed either on native polycarbonate (PC) membranes or on PC membranes treated with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP/PC). These membranes have been developed for their use as encapsulation membranes in a bioartificial pancreas. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the ToF‐SIMS results allowed the determination of the main factors affecting the surface structure and composition of the protein layer. The substrate surface properties were found to be the most influencing factor. The amount and type of the adsorbed protein also influence the adsorbed protein layer surface composition and structure. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model allowed confirmation of the correlation between the adsorbed amount of protein and the surface composition of the protein layer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of misfolded protein in the cytoplasm is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase Ubr1
Authors: Eisele Frederik , Wolf Dieter H.
Published: November 2008

Protein quality control and subsequent elimination of terminally misfolded proteins occurs via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Tagging of misfolded proteins with ubiquitin for degradation depends on a cascade of reactions involving an ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3). While ubiquitin ligases responsible for targeting misfolded secretory proteins to proteasomal degradation (ERAD) have been uncovered, no such E3 enzymes have been found for elimination of misfolded cytoplasmic proteins in yeast. Here we report on the discovery of Ubr1, the E3 ligase of the N‐end rule pathway, to be responsible for targeting misfolded cytosoplasmic protein to proteasomal degradation.
Methylmalonate‐induced seizures are attenuated in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice
Authors: Ribeiro Leandro Rodrigo , Fighera Michele Rechia , Oliveira Mauro Schneider , Furian Ana Flávia , Rambo Leonardo Magno , Ferreira Ana Paula de Oliveira , Saraiva André Luiz Lopes , Souza Mauren Assis , Lima Frederico Diniz , Magni Danieli Valnes , Dezengrini Renata , Flores Eduardo Furtado , Butterfield D. Allan , Ferreira Juliano , Santos Adair Roberto Soares dos , Mello Carlos Fernando , Royes Luiz Fernando Freire
Published: November 2008

Methylmalonic acidemias consist of a group of inherited neurometabolic disorders caused by deficiency of methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase activity clinically and biochemically characterized by neurological dysfunction, methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation, mitochondrial failure and increased reactive species production. Although previous studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the neurotoxicity of MMA, the involvement of NO‐induced nitrosative damage from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in MMA‐induced seizures are poorly understood. In the present study, we showed a decrease of time spent convulsing induced by intracerebroventricular administration of MMA (2 μmol/2 μL; i.c.v.) in iNOS knockout (iNOS−/−) mice when compared with wild‐type (iNOS+/+) littermates. Visual analysis of electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) showed that MMA injection induced the appearance of high‐voltage synchronic spike activity in the ipsilateral cortex which spreads to the contralateral cortex while quantitative electroencephalographic analysis showed larger wave amplitude during MMA‐induced seizures in wild‐type mice when compared with iNOS knockout mice. We also report that administration of MMA increases NOx (NO2 plus NO3 content) and 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) levels in a greater extend in iNOS+/+ mice than in iNOS−/− mice, indicating that NO overproduction and NO‐mediated damage to proteins are attenuated in iNOS knockout mice. In addition, the MMA‐induced decrease in Na+, K+‐ATPase activity, but not in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, was less pronounced in iNOS−/− when compared with iNOS+/+ mice. These results reinforce the assumption that metabolic collapse contributes for the secondary toxicity elicited by MMA and suggest that oxidative attack by NO derived from iNOS on selected target such as Na+, K+‐ATPase enzyme might represent an important role in this excitotoxicity induced by MMA. Therefore, these results may be of value in understating the pathophysiology of the neurological features observed in patients with methylmalonic acidemia and in the development of new strategies for treatment of these patients.
Unlocking the business outsourcing process model
Authors: Handley Sean M. , Benton W.C.
Published: November 2008

Outsourcing has emerged as a prevalent business practice that is having a transformational impact on how many organizations manage their global supply chains. Despite this prominence, anecdotal reports from multiple reputable organizations suggest that many businesses fail to realize the benefits anticipated from their outsourcing initiatives. Motivated by these observations, this study investigates those management practices during the outsourcing process that are key drivers of outsourcing performance. Specifically, detailed data from 198 sourcing executives and managers responsible for outsourcing initiatives are used to investigate the influence that strategic evaluation, contractual completeness, and relationship management practices have on achieving projected outsourcing results. The results offer strong empirical evidence that outsourcing performance is significantly influenced by extensive strategic evaluation and proactive relationship management practices. Moreover, the impact strategic evaluation has on outsourcing performance is not direct, but rather is partially mediated by the relationship between the parties. Finally, the results show that contractual completeness does not distinguish between successful and unsuccessful outsourcing efforts, and can be considered qualifying activity.
A pilot Randomized control trial of scar Repigmentation with UV light and dry Tattooing
Authors: Brandt Michael G. , Moore Corey C. , Conlin Anne E. , Stein John D. , Doyle Philip C.
Published: November 2008

Objective

This study assessed the utility of focused scar injury with an ink‐free tattooing technique combined with UV light exposure for the treatment of hypopigmented cervicofacial scars.

Study Design

Pilot prospective, randomized, control trial.

Subjects

Individuals with long‐standing hypopigmented cervicofacial scars.

Methods

Twenty individuals randomly underwent UVA light exposure with or without dry tattooing. Scars were evaluated pretreatment and at seven‐months post‐treatment. Outcome measures included observer and patient subjective assessment of the scar, and objective evaluation of the erythema and melanin content of the scar and the surrounding skin.

Results

The tattoo group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the subjective evaluation of their scars. Scar melanin content reached equivalence with the surrounding skin. Observer and patient subjective global ratings support the use of dry tattooing.

Conclusions

Dry‐tattooing followed by UV light exposure may provide a safe and effective means for the treatment of hypopigmented scars.
Connexins within the rat larynx
Authors: Van Deusen Mark B. , Lyon Michael J.
Published: November 2008

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the types and localization of connexins within the rat larynx.

Study Design

Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) of the epiglottis and laryngeal mucosa was used to identify connexins (Cx). Immunohistochemical labeling was then used to localize the Cxs within the larynx.

Methods

Twelve larynges from 3 to 4 month old Fisher‐344 rats were used. RNA was extracted (N = 8) and cDNA produced. Primers for Cx26, Cx30, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 were added and qRT‐PCR performed. Others larynges were serially sectioned for immunohistochemistry.

Results

qRT‐PCR revealed Cx43, Cx32, and Cx30 within the epiglottis and Cx43 in the vocal folds and Cx43 and Cx32 within the subglottic mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed these results.

Conclusion

The rat epiglottis is rich in Cx43, Cx32, and Cx30 whereas the vocal folds contain Cx43 and the subglottic mucosa Cx43 and Cx32. Their localizations suggest involvement in secretion for protective purposes and they may play a key role in laryngeal pathoses.

© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Reirradiation after Salvage Surgery and Microvascular free flap Reconstruction for Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Suh Jeffrey D. , Kim Brian P. , Abemayor Elliot , Sercarz Joel A. , Nabili Vishad , Liu Jerome H. , Juillard Guy J. , Blackwell Keith E.
Published: November 2008

Objective

To evaluate the outcome and complications of reirradiation of recurrent head and neck cancer after salvage surgery and microvascular reconstruction.

Study Design

Retrospective.

Subjects and Methods

Twelve patients underwent salvage surgery with microvascular reconstruction for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer in a previously irradiated field. Median prior radiation therapy dose was 63.0 Gy. Patients then underwent postoperative reirradiation, and received a median total cumulative radiation dose of 115.0 Gy.

Results

Three (25%) patients experienced acute complications (<3 months) during reirradiation. Four (33%) patients developed grade 3 or 4 late reirradiation complications (>3 months). There were no incidences of free flap failure, brain necrosis, spinal cord injury, or carotid rupture. The incidence of soft tissue necrosis and osteoradionecrosis was 8%. Six (50%) patients are alive without evidence of recurrent disease a median of 40 months after reirradiation.

Conclusion

Microvascular free flaps allow for maximal resection and reliable reconstruction of previously irradiated cancers before high dose reirradiation and may reduce the incidence of severe late complications and treatment related mortality.
Temporal bone Pneumatization in Otosclerosis
Authors: Ganc Daniel T. , Jyung Robert W.
Published: November 2008

Objectives

To determine whether there is a difference in the pneumatization of temporal bones with otosclerosis versus normal temporal bones.

Methods

A retrospective study of 46 ears from 24 adult patients with otosclerosis and 64 ears from 47 adult patients in a control group. The study group included temporal bone CT scans available from patients with otosclerosis. The control group consisted of patients who had temporal bone CTs for reasons likely unrelated to a history of middle ear disease. Data were obtained with a virtual reality system that allows three‐dimensional manipulation and analysis.

Results

The temporal bone pneumatization for the otosclerosis group was 4.82 ± 2.27 cm3 vs 6.06 ± 2.71 cm3 for the control group. Two‐sample t test analysis revealed no statistical significance (P = 0.059) between pneumatization in the control vs otosclerosis groups.

Conclusion

There is no difference in temporal bone pneumatization between patients with otosclerosis and a control population. Therefore, temporal bone pneumatization by itself is not an adequate explanation for the apparent protective effect of otosclerosis against otitis media.

© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Hearing Impairment in the Neonate of Preeclamptic Women
Authors: Bakhshaee Mehdi , Boskabadi Hassan , Hassanzadeh Malihe , Nourizadeh Navid , Ghassemi Mohammad Mehdi , Khazaeni Kamran , Moghiman Toktam , Tale Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2008

Objective

Preeclampsia is a critical condition that puts both pregnant women and their offspring at risk for multiorgan failure, including inner ear, due to systemic toxemia and vascular events. This study was done to determine the probable prevalence of hearing impairment in children whose mothers had pregnancy‐induced hypertension, compared to those born to healthy mothers.

Methods and Materials

A cohort study was performed on two groups; the first group was made up of the offspring of preeclamptic women (n = 36) and the second was made up of offspring born to healthy mothers (n = 114). They were matched for sex and age. Other confounding variables that could have influenced the hearing were excluded. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and auditory brain response (ABR) tests were performed to screen hearing loss in each group.

Results

Failure rates in the first step for cases and controls were 33.33 percent and 12.76%, respectively, which showed a significant difference statistically (P = 0.001). However, the final results of the second TEOAE and ABR between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Although it does not seem that pregnancy toxemia plays a role in permanent hearing loss in neonates of affected mothers, it might have a transient effect on hearing.
Varieties of the Regulatory State? Government-Business Relations and Telecommunications Reforms in Malaysia and Thailand
Authors: Painter Martin , Wong Shiu-fai
Published: November 2008

Discussions of regulatory reform in the telecommunications sector almost without exception take for granted the case for convergence. Pressures on national regulators to conform to liberalisation programs and to open up domestic markets so as to give free play to new technology investments seem to be inexorable, by many accounts. Privatisation, deregulation, re-regulation to strengthen competitive pressures, removal of barriers to trade and foreign investment and so on are recommended in varying mixtures as a common recipe. Institutional pressures, particularly international agreements, underscore these trends. They are associated in the literature with the emergence of the “regulatory state” as a global phenomenon. This paper explores the argument that there are varieties of the regulatory state, shaped by local administrative cultures and political circumstances, through analysis of the process of telecoms liberalisation and regulatory reform in Malaysia and Thailand. It is argued that the legacy of domestic policies and the interests that are entailed in them are major factors in shaping the mix of policies and instruments to be found in the field, despite considerable convergence with the appointment of independent regulators to administer pro-competitive regulatory regimes.
Beyond “Political Will”: How Institutional Context Shapes the Implementation of Anti-Corruption Policies
Authors: Fritzen Scott
Published: November 2008

Many anti-corruption initiatives face an inherent dilemma: the very actors which must adopt and implement policies to curb corruption are those which may face weak, or even negative, incentives to do so. Where corruption in authoritarian states is already endemic, a vicious form of this “orthodox paradox” emerges, as elites adopting anti-corruption measures attempt to police themselves. This paper presents an institutionalist approach to linking the context of anti-corruption reforms to their likely effectiveness and sustainability. It applies this approach to the assessment of Vietnam’s 2005 anti-corruption law.
Bridging the Two Cultures – Commercial Archaeology and the Study of Prehistoric Britain
Authors: Bradley Richard
Published: November 2008

This paper was given at a meeting of the Society held on 12 January 2006 and it discusses the relationship between academic research and developer-funded archaeology in Britain today, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each. It considers the relationship between archaeological theory and practice and discusses the changing roles of academics, fieldworkers and managers. It argues that important issues need to be resolved, including the dissemination of information from recent archaeological fieldwork and the use of ‘grey literature’ in informing more ambitious interpretations of the past.
Some Smaller Moulded Samian Forms from la Graufesenque
Authors: Webster Peter
Published: November 2008

A detailed examination of three of the less common moulded forms of samian, Déchelette 67, Hermet 9 and Knorr 78, along with associated shapes found at the production site of la Graufesenque, aims to define the forms more closely. It is intended to open the way for chronological study from site evidence and to supplement study of the decoration. It is based upon the premise that closer examination of shape as well as decoration can assist our study of the samian industry as a whole. In this case, such an examination reveals details of the manufacturing processes, some of which point to production by women or, more probably, children.
The Discovery of an Anglo-Saxon Painted Figure at St Mary's Church, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire
Authors: Bagshaw Steve , Bryant Richard , Hare Michael
Published: November 2008

The church of St Mary at Deerhurst in Gloucestershire is well known for its Anglo-Saxon fabric and sculpture. In 1993 a painting of an Anglo-Saxon figure was discovered, and in 2002 it became possible for the authors to study the painting in detail.

The painting is on one of a pair of triangular-headed stone panels set high in the internal east wall of the church. The discovery provides a significant addition to the tiny corpus of known Anglo-Saxon wall paintings. The identity of the standing, nimbed figure remains elusive, but the figure can be tentatively dated on art historical grounds to the middle to late tenth century.

The authors also explore the structural context of the painting. It is suggested that in the first half of the ninth century the church had an upper floor over the central space (the present east end), and that this floor possibly extended over the whole church. At the east end, there were internal openings from this upper floor into a high-level space in the polygonal apse. At a later date two of these openings were blocked and covered by stone panels, one of which is the subject of this paper. It is possible that the panels flanked a high-level altar or an opening through which a shrine, set on a high-level floor in the apse, could be viewed.
Public and Private: The Late Medieval Wall Paintings of Haddon Hall Chapel, Derbyshire
Authors: Naydenova Mellie
Published: November 2008

This paper focuses on the mural scheme executed in Haddon Hall Chapel shortly after 1427 for Sir Richard Vernon. It argues that at that time the chapel was also being used as a parish church, and that the paintings were therefore both an expression of private devotion and a public statement. This is reflected in their subject matter, which combines themes associated with popular beliefs, the public persona of the Hall's owner and the Vernon family's personal devotions. The remarkable inventiveness and complexity of the iconography is matched by the exceptionally sophisticated style of the paintings. Attention is also given to part of the decoration previously thought to be contemporary with this fifteenth-century scheme but for which an early sixteenth-century date is now proposed on the basis of stylistic and other evidence.
The Name of Truro, Cornwall
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: November 2008

Truro's name seems to come from the Cornish cognate of Welshtryferau, ‘spears, javelins’,referring to the city's rivers.
A Portrait of Sir Christopher Hatton, Erasmus and an Emblem of Alciato: Some Questions
Authors: Moseley C W R D
Published: November 2008

This note discusses the enigmatic double-sided portrait of Sir Christopher Hatton now in Northampton Museum and Art Gallery. It seeks W illuminate the ways in which it could be read, how it might have been viewed, and suggests its possible functions. It also connects the picture with some central texts in Renaissance humanism, Erasmus's Adagia and Alciato's Emblematum Liber.
An Early Seventeenth-Century Gold Seal of the Winthrop Family of Groton, Suffolk
Authors: Bendall Simon
Published: November 2008

This gold seal is of early seventeenth-century date and bears the arms of the Winthrop family of Grown, Suffolk. The arms are differenced by a label of three points, indicating that it belonged W an eldest son. Since the seal has a British provenance and the arms were only granted in 1592, there are only two contenders for its ownership – John Winthrop II (1588–1649), who emigrated to America in 1630 and became the first governor of Massachusetts, and his son, John Winthrop III (1606–76), who joined his father in America in 1631 and governed Connecticut from 1660 to 1676. Even though it is not possible to say which of these two John Winthrops owned the seal, it is nevertheless important both as a rare example of a gold seal of the period and because of its connection to the early history of colonial America.
Industrial Archaeology: The Challenge of the Evidence
Authors: Cossons Neil
Published: November 2008

This paper is an expanded version of two lectures presented at meetings of the Society held on 12 October 2006 and 11 January 2007. It considers the changing contexts within which industrial archaeology in Britain has evolved and continues to develop, some of the issues affecting its wider realization and the challenges of conserving such physical evidence as will allow future generations to gain an understanding of the great age of industry as it affected British society, the economy and landscape.
The Dunaverney and Little Thetford Flesh-Hooks: History, Technology and Their Position within the Later Bronze Age Atlantic Zone Feasting Complex
Authors: Bowman Sheridan , Needham Stuart
Published: November 2008

Discovered in County Antrim and Cambridgeshire respectively, the Dunaverney and Little Thetford flesh-hooks are two of only thirty-six currently known examples from the Bronze Age of the Atlantic seaboard of Europe. Both are impressive and enigmatic objects and are among the most elaborate of later-series flesh-hooks dating to c 1100–800 BC. Not surprisingly, from the time it was found in 1829, Dunaverney was the subject of much antiquarian interest. Yet, despite their rarity and unusualness, the Dunaverney and Little Thetford flesh-hooks have never been adequately studied.

Our investigations have provided an understanding of the technology of these two fleshhooks, as well as new chronological information for the type as a whole. They have also revealed new uses of lost-wax casting in the British Isles, where the use of this technique is otherwise rare. The bird motifs on the Dunaverney flesh-hook remain unique, although it is now possible to set them against a broader background of iconographic representations on Atlantic feasting gear. Moreover, certain recurring design features may suggest that iconographic symbols were originally more often present on flesh-hooks. The findspot of Dunaverney lies at the heart of deposits of other contemporary prestige metalwork and that of Little Thetford within the greatest concentration of finds of the innovative Wilburton-stage metalworking tradition; both re-enforce the social significance of these rare objects.
Edward Lhuyd and the Origins of Early Medieval Celtic Archaeology
Authors: Edwards Nancy
Published: November 2008

The Welshman Edward Lhuyd (?1659/60–1709), Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, was a naturalist, philologist and antiquarian. He wrote the Welsh additions to Camden's Britannia (1695) and undertook extensive research for an Archaeologia Britannica. He was part of the scientific revolution centred on the Royal Society and was influenced by the flowering of Anglo-Saxon studies in late seventeenth-century Oxford. Although many of his papers were destroyed, sufficient evidence survives to assess his methodology for recording early medieval antiquities – particularly inscribed stones and stone sculpture in Wales and other Celtic areas – as well as his analysis of them. His legacy is of considerable importance and he may be regarded as the founding father of early medieval Celtic archaeology.
Edward The Confessor's Chapel, Westminster Abbey: The Origins of the Royal Mausoleum and its Cosmatesque Pavement
Authors: Badham Sally
Published: November 2008

It has hitherto been argued that Edward the Confessor's Chapel at Westminster Abbey, built by Henry III in 1246–59, was established as the royal mausoleum only from the 1290s. In 2005 a ground penetrating radar survey of the chapel floor revealed many anomalies, some of which can be interpreted as grave cists. A re-examination of the written and physical evidence for subfloor burials in the chapel suggests that, among other early burials, at least five of Edward I's children were interred here in the period 1264–84. It thus appears that the chapel was used as a family mausoleum before 1290 and was not originally exclusively reserved for the monarchs and their consorts. New light is also thrown on the vexed question of the date of the Cosmatesque floor in the shrine chapel, which is here redated to the 1290s.
Lambert Barnard in Chichester Cathedral: Ecclesiastical Politics and the Tudor Royal Image
Authors: Woolfson Jonathan , Lush Deborah
Published: November 2008

Building on the pioneering work of Edward Croft Murray, this paper investigates a painting in Chichester Cathedral depicting Henry VII and Henry VIII and executed by the Netherlandish artist Lambert Barnard. With close attention to the chronology of Henry VIII's reign, it explores the painting's rich religious, political and cultural context, proposes a date for its execution, and reveals its links to Arthurian legend. The painting emerges as a sophisticated work of political theatre and propaganda with important implications for our understanding of early Tudor image-making.
The Society's Watercolours of Limerick's Mitre and Crozier
Authors: Harbison Peter
Published: November 2008

The purpose of this paper is to present to the public for the first time the Society of Antiquaries’ original watercolours of Limerick's fifteenth-century mitre and crozier that served as the basis for engravings published in a paper by Dr Milner in the journal Archaeologia in 1814. These watercolours are still so wonderfully fresh that they convey something of the excitement and sparkle of the original medieval episcopal pontificalia, and they enable us to document their original state – and sadly note the subsequent losses and changes that occurred to the mitre and crozier during the nineteenth century.
The Lichfield Angel: A Spectacular Anglo-Saxon Painted Sculpture
Authors: Rodwell Warwick , Hawkes Jane , Howe Emily , Cramp Rosemary
Published: November 2008

Excavation within the Gothic nave of Lichfield Cathedral in 2003 revealed three phases of masonry building ante-dating the Norman period. These are likely to relate to the church of St Peter, which Bede described in 731 as housing the timber shrine to St Chad, fifth bishop of Mercia (d 672). A rectangular, timber-lined pit found on the central axis of the building might represent a crypt or burial chamber beneath the shrine. Buried in a small pit alongside this were three fragments of a bas-relief panel of Ancaster limestone, carved with the figure of an angel. They comprise half of the left-hand end of a hollow, box-like structure that had a low-coped lid. This is interpreted as a shrine chest associated with the cult of St Chad. The sculpture, which was broken and buried in, or before, the tenth century, is in remarkably fresh condition, allowing for an in-depth analysis of its original painted embellishment and for an assessment of the monument in terms of its iconography and stylistic affinities, and thus the possible conditions of its production. It is argued that the surviving portion of the panel represents the archangel Gabriel, and that it is one half of an Annunciation scene.
The Date and Politics of ‘The Song of the Welsh’
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: November 2008

The Latin war-poem ‘The Song of the Welsh’ poses problems of dating and origin, as also does the identity of a mysterious ‘Broinsius’ mentioned in it. Yet the last seems to be the fifth-century British hero Ambrosius Aurelianus; while the influence of bardic verse on the poem suggests it is not from thirteenth-century England, but from a Welsh school (perhaps located at St Davids) of similar date.
Ladies Hunting: A Late Medieval Decorated Mirror Case from Shapwick, Somerset
Authors: Standley Eleanor
Published: November 2008

This paper examines a later medieval small find excavated from Shapwick, Somerset. A multi-disciplinary approach is taken to understand the use of the decorated object, identified as a mirror case, and its symbolic meaning as a possible love when. Comparisons are made with other finds of metal mirror cases from mainland Britain and ivory examples from the Continent with depictions of hunting scenes. The imagery of hunting and hawking is discussed in relation to contemporary material culture in order to identify the socio-cultural significance of this activity and the mirror case.
Fragments of an Indulgence Inscription in a Window at all Saints, North Street, York
Authors: Swanson Robert
Published: November 2008

This paper reports the identification of some fragments of an inscription now preserved in a window at All Saints, North Street, York, as the remnants of a statement of indulgences to reward prayers before a painted image in a window. As far as is known, this is the only surviving glass to demonstrate the proclamation of indulgences in medieval English church windows, although antiquarian evidence of at least one other is recorded.
Thomas Telford The Archaeologist
Authors: Turner Rick
Published: November 2008

Three watercolours painted by Thomas Telford survive within the Society's archives. Two of these watercolours are a plan and sections of an excavation of a Roman bath suite, supervised by Telford at Wroxeter, and the third is an elevation of the medieval Mardol gate over the Welsh bridge, Shrewsbury. The paintings provide an insight into his interest in archaeology and ancient buildings whilst practising as an architect in Shropshire, before he began his engineering career. Further, their deposition helps confirm the standing of the Society at the time, as the place where important archaeological discoveries from across the country were brought to public attention, and how it acted as an archive for their primary records.
A modern assessment of Ordovician chitinozoans from the Shelve and Caradoc areas, Shropshire, and their significance for correlation
Authors: VANDENBROUCKE THIJS R. A. , ANCILLETTA ANTONIO , FORTEY RICHARD A. , VERNIERS JACQUES
Published: November 2008

New chitinozoan data are presented from the classical section along the Onny River in the type Caradoc area, and from the deeper-water sections in the Shelve area, including the former British candidate GSSP for the base of the Upper Ordovician Series. The rich and well-preserved chitinozoan fauna of the Onny River has been a standard for 40 years, but new data revise some of the identifications. The assemblages are now attributed to biozones that are more readily applicable for international correlation. The main part of the section can be interpreted as belonging to the originally BaltoscandianSpinachitina cervicornisBiozone, although this is uncertain in the lower part. Within this biozone, theFungochitina actonicaSubzone has been defined. The Onny Formation at the top of the section is equated with theAcanthochitina latebrosa–Ancyrochitina onniensisBiozone; contrary to earlier reports,Acanthochitina barbatais absent. The Lower Wood Brook and Spy Wood Brook section from the Shelve Inlier yielded a great number of moderately to well-preserved chitinozoans, but a low-diversity assemblage. Their ranges have been neatly positioned against the well-known graptolite stratigraphy in the area. A localEisenackitina rhenanaBiozone? has been recognized, allowing us to suggest some international correlations.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FETAL LOSS AMONG CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN IN INDIA
Authors: RAJARAM S. , ZOTTARELLI LISA K. , SUNIL T. S.
Published: November 2008

The present paper assesses fetal loss among currently married women in India. In addition, the effects of social, economic, demographic and health factors on fetal loss are studied. The study uses data from the second National Family Health Survey conducted in India during 1998–2000. The results show wide variations in fetal loss (induced abortion, spontaneous abortion and still-birth) measures across the country. The importance of mother’s nutritional status, birth spacing, risky behaviours such as smoking, drinking and chewing tobacco and age at marriage for pregnancy outcomes in India is also discussed. The study results imply a broad understanding of reproductive health in India, and emphasize the importance of widening the scope of community-based reproductive health education programmes to improve the reproductive health of women.
Nehru
Authors: Spear Percival
Published: November 2008

The observer who travelled in India in early 1965 found no one lower in public estimation than the late Pundit Jawarharlal Nehru. Not yet dead a year, it seemed that there was nothing that he had done which was right. Population?—he should have taken steps to control it. Language?—he had failed to control the Hindi faction and had weakly compromised. Corruption?—he had denounced but failed to act, had even shielded guilty parties. Non-involvement?—it had led India into isolation, and as for China, the less said about that painful subject the better. If Mahatma Gandhi was the forgotten man of early 1965, Nehru was the rejected man.
The Russo-Japanese Agreement of 1907: Its Causes and the Progress of Negotiations
Authors: Matsui Masato
Published: November 2008

Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 changed the balance of power in the Far East, and there was a shift from opposition between Japan and Russia to one between Japan and the United States. One result of the new tension between the United States and Japan was the conclusion of a Russo-Japanese Agreement on 30 July 1907. Financial and political difficulties within Russia and Japan also helped to bring about this Agreement.
The ‘East Coast’ in Malayan Politics: Episodes of Resistance and Integration in Kelantan and Trengganu
Authors: Kershaw Roger
Published: November 2008

Territorial integration and resistance to it by the Malay States of Kelantan and Trengganu are not mutually exclusive categories of response to political modernization. Unlike the peoples of East Malaysia (‘Malaysian Borneo’) the population of eastern Malaya is overwhelmingly Malay in language and culture. Thus resistance to centralizing pressures has rarely had separatist overtones but has tended to express rejection of particular developments in the west coast polity from a standpoint of moral superiority. Resistance is often an expression of intense empathy with the condition of the Malays in other parts of the Peninsula, and should not be interpreted as a failure of national integration. By a curious dialectic, resistance takes on qualities of an integrative process.
Edward Warren Clark and Early Meiji Japan: A Case Study of Cultural Contact
Authors: Ion A. Hamish
Published: November 2008

Protestantism in the early Meiji era has long interested Western students as an aspect of the encounter between Japan and expanding European culture in the nineteenth century. Edward Warren Clark (1849–1907) and other American laymen, who went to Japan as teachers and not society missionaries, played a significant role in the process during the 1870s. Edward Warren Clark is known to Western scholars of the Meiji period for his contribution to the development of English-language education and as the author of books based upon his experiences in Japan. In his letters to William Elliot Griffis (1843–1928), Clark reveals opinions concerning Japan and Japanese acquaintances, and the hopes and tribulations of teaching Western studies. These are interesting in themselves as one American's views, and they also shed more valuable light upon Japanese attitudes toward the West between 1871 and 1875. In this study of cultural contact, particular attention will be paid to Clark's evangelistic work in Shizuoka and later in Tokyo, and the influence of his Christian ideas and misconceptions upon certain Japanese, especially Nakamura Masanao (Keiu, 1832–91).