bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes associated with miniscrew anchorage in customized lingual orthodontics
Authors: Liu Dawei , Li Jing , Lei Feifei , Wang Xuedong , Zhou Yanheng
Published: September 2018

Objectives

The goal of this study was to analyze skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes of patients treated with customized lingual systems and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of miniscrew anchorage.

Methods

Nine upper first premolar extraction patients who were treated with customized lingual appliances were included in this study. Miniscrews were used for reinforcement of molar anchorage. Cephalometric films and study models were obtained before treatment (T1), after alignment (T2), and after treatment (T3). Treatment effects were analyzed by cephalometric radiographs and study models.

Results

The upper anterior teeth were retracted significantly at T2 and T3 (4.41 ± 4.14 mm and 5.51 ± 2.48 mm, respectively). During space closure, the upper first molars showed slight mesial movement (1.50 ± 1.97 mm). The intercanine width of the upper arch increased at T2 (1.59 ± 1.81 mm), but decreased at T3 (0.11 ± 1.00 mm). The sella-nasion-A, A-nasion-B, and mandibular plane angles were not significantly changed at T3. The upper lip showed continuous retraction at both T2 and T3 (1.40 ± 1.46 mm and 2.32 ± 2.48 mm, respectively).

Conclusions

By using miniscrew anchorage for lingual orthodontics, patients’ dental and soft tissue changes considerably improved and molar anchorage was reinforced.
Analysis of Paratransit Feeder-Service Pilot: Projected versus Actual Ridership and Cost-Benefit Results
Authors: Hansen Todd
Published: September 2018

The research presented examines projected and actual operational cost savings from the implementation of a paratransit feeder-service pilot in Houston, Texas. Transit agencies can offer feeder service by utilizing demand–response paratransit vehicles to connect to fixed-route rail and buses for the remaining portion of the trip. Feeder service has the potential to create savings in operating costs for transit agencies along with additional travel options for ambulatory paratransit customers. At the direction of Houston METRO, researchers projected the number of trips that would transfer to feeder service from standard paratransit service to support the agency in designing a pilot. Subsequently, the researchers analyzed the actual feeder-service trip data at the conclusion of the pilot period to assist the agency in studying the final pilot results. The presented research compares projected trip-demand and operational costs conducted before the pilot period to actual trip and cost savings during the 6-month pilot to determine the rate of trip transfer between regular paratransit service and combination feeder-service connecting paratransit to fixed-route service. The research analyzes the cost per revenue hour for feeder-service trips compared with the pre-pilot projections and the actual cost of the same trip using entirely paratransit service to show the net benefit for the transit agency. The results show lower operational costs for paratransit feeder-service compared with regular paratransit service during the pilot period. Transit agencies interested in implementing feeder service can use the research methodology to estimate the impacts of potential paratransit feeder trips.
Gender Differences in Danish Road Accidents
Authors: Visby Rie Hultqvist , Lundholt Karoline
Published: September 2018

A study based on the Danish Road Directorates accident statistics shows that there are different gender patterns in how we behave in traffic and our involvement in traffic accidents. Overall men drive more by car and take longer trips. Women take more trips, but they are shorter, and travel more by bicycle or walking. Although men and women spend the same amount of time in traffic, twice as many men as women are involved in traffic accidents. Men constitute 62% of all persons killed and injured in road accidents, and are involved in 66% of the accidents. Not only gender, but education, income and age are also important factors in the accident patterns of men and women in Denmark. People with primary/lower secondary school as the highest education level are over represented in accident statistics in proportion to other educational groups. Young people aged 18–24 constitute about 20% (the largest group) of persons killed and injured in traffic accidents, although they only constitute approximately 8% of the population. In this group, there are about twice as many men killed or injured as women. The overall pattern is that, the older you become, the higher educated you are and the higher income you have—the smaller is your risk of involvement in accidents in Denmark. This knowledge is of importance when planning communication strategies with different segments of the population and when reaching out to young people in schools, who are at the highest risk of getting killed or injured in accidents.
Simulating Indoor Evacuation of Pedestrians: The Sensitivity of Predictions to Directional-Choice Calibration Parameters
Authors: Haghani Milad , Sarvi Majid , Rajabifard Abbas
Published: September 2018

The increasing occurrence of safety-related incidents like fire and terror attacks in crowded public facilities and mass gatherings has heightened the importance of planning for efficient evacuations through optimizing evacuation routes and architectural designs. This calls for the development of simulation and analytical tools that can replicate occupants’ responses and thereby their most likely movement patterns. Such models must be accurate to prevent inappropriate design and planning. One major factor connected to prediction accuracy is the sensitivity of modeling outputs to the value of their various parameters. We report on implementation of a calibrated model of directional choices in a microscopic simulation model of pedestrians’ evacuation. We show how estimates of the aggregate measures of prediction are sensitive to the parameters of this tactical level (i.e., directional choice) model. Results demonstrate that the prediction of the total evacuation time and average individual evacuation times are closely correlated with one another in terms of their variation, and are both very sensitive to the specification of each directional choice parameter. Simulated evacuation time could vary up to nearly 30% depending on parameter values. The observed sensitivity highlighted the significance of importing well-calibrated parameters into such simulation models and practicing consistent degrees of accuracy for all levels of decision modeling. We also inferred that the two aggregate measures (i.e., total evacuation time and average individual evacuation times) can be used interchangeably as the basis for evacuation optimization or sensitivity analysis practices.
Impact of Train Drivers’ Cognitive Responses on Rail Accidents
Authors: Hani Tabai Bahareh , Bagheri Morteza , Sadeghi-Firoozabadi Vahid , Shahidi Vahideh , Mirasadi Hadi
Published: September 2018

Despite the innovations in automatic train control (ATC) systems to reduce the risk of driver error, many rail accidents still occur due to defects in these systems, emphasizing the essential role of the driver in preventing rail accidents and proper control of the train. This paper studies the influence of drivers’ cognitive performance, including attention and visual perception, on the occurrence of rail accidents. The research is conducted using so-called Ex-Post facto method on a random sample of 56 train drivers with a minimum of three years of experience. The research instruments included drivers’ cognition test system including WAFV (perception and attention function) sustained attention test, COG (cognitrone) selective attention test, LVT (visual pursuit) visual perception test, demographic questionnaire, and drivers’ safety history. Results of this research showed that there is no significant relationship between age and education level of train drivers, and rate of occurrence of rail accidents. A comparison on train drivers’ cognitive characteristics, between drivers with accident record(s) and those without, showed that the drivers who had experienced rail accident(s) had lower levels of sustained attention. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in selective attention and visual perception. Investigating the association of drivers’ ages with their levels of sustained attention, the drivers with high levels of sustained attention were found to be significantly older than other drivers. According to practical implications of these findings, cognitive rehabilitation courses are recommended for train drivers to attenuate the risk of rail accidents.
Transferring Time-Series Discrete Choice to Link-Based Route Choice in Space: Estimating Vehicle Type Preference using Recursive Logit Model
Authors: Bastin Fabian , Liu Yan , Cirillo Cinzia , Mai Tien
Published: September 2018

This paper considers a sequential discrete choice problem in a time domain, formulated and solved as a route choice problem in a space domain. Starting from a dynamic specification of time-series discrete choices, we show how it is transferrable to link-based route choices that can be formulated by a finite path choice multinomial logit model. This study establishes that modeling sequential choices over time and in space are equivalent as long as the utility of the choice sequence is additive over the decision steps, the link-specific attributes are deterministic, and the decision process is Markovian. We employ the recursive logit model proposed in the context of route choice in a network, and apply it to estimate time-series vehicle type choice based on Maryland Vehicle Stated Preference Survey data. The model has been efficiently estimated by a dynamic programming approach; the values of estimated coefficients provide important patterns on vehicle type preferences. Compared with a naive model based on sequential multinomial logit choices which are independent over time and a dynamic discrete choice model which considers agent’s future expectations, the smaller root mean square error of recursive logit model indicates that it has a better performance in estimating sequential choices over time. We also compare the predictive powers and find that the proposed model outperforms the basic approach and the dynamic approach.
Distrust and Empathy: Explaining the Lack of Support for Capital Punishment Among Minorities
Authors: Foglia Wanda D. , Connell Nadine M.
Published: September 2018

Public opinion polls show that the majority of people in the United States support capital punishment but that is because the majority of White Americans support it. Research on the opinions of non-Whites consistently finds less support. We examine racial and ethnic differences among people who actually had to decide whether to impose the death penalty, former capital jurors, and hypothesize that lower support among non-Whites can be explained by the fact that non-Whites are more likely to distrust the criminal justice system and more likely to show empathy for the defendant in a capital case, net of defendant and victim race. Using data from the Capital Jury Project, we find support for this hypothesis in a mediating relationship between race and sentencing vote. Black and Hispanic jurors are more likely to report distrust of the capital process and higher levels of empathy for the defendant, both of which lower the probability of a death vote during the sentencing phase of the trial. We discuss the implications for research, trial strategy, and the future of capital punishment in light of these findings.
The Perceptions of Sexual Assault Prevention According to Military Spouses
Authors: Farmer Rushaunda A.
Published: September 2018

Military spouses are at an increased vulnerability with regard to the potential of being sexually victimized. They are twice as likely as their civilian counterparts to experience sexual victimization. Despite the increased probability of sexual assault, not all military spouses perceive sexual assault and its prevention through the same lens. Recognizing that reality is subjective, the theoretical framework for this study was a constructivist paradigm. A qualitative case study was executed for the purpose of querying the perceptions of military spouses as it relates to sexual assault, its prevalence, and its prevention. The study employed the use of a web-based questionnaire consisting of 11 open-ended questions that included two scenario-based questions designed to explore perceptions of sexual assault, the need for a military spouse prevention program, and the catalyst for bystander intervention. Questionnaire results from 29 anonymous military wives whose husbands were affiliated with four out of the five branches of service were analyzed to gauge their perceptions specific to sexual assault and its prevention. The analysis of their responses resulted in the emergence of five themes related to sexual assault prevention that include the notion that military spouses view themselves as a vulnerable population for sexual victimization and its prevalence although little discussion is given to the topic. Results also indicated that a military spouse–targeted sexual assault prevention program is needed to familiarize military spouses with definitions of sexual assault and consent, reporting options, and victims’ rights. The study also found that the majority of military spouses are not familiar with the resources and services available to victims of sexual assault. The overarching implication is that a prevention program for military spouses is needed to familiarize them with reporting options and services as well as mitigate occurrences of sexual assault through training and education.
The marketing of protest and antinomies of collective organization in Lebanon
Authors: Khneisser Mona
Published: September 2018

With the onset of the garbage crisis in Lebanon in July 2015, the unbearable odors and mounting heaps of waste presented the tipping point for people’s growing anger and resentment against self-serving political elites, debilitating public services, and deteriorating socio-economic conditions. In response, the socio-political scene witnessed significant developments following the eruption of popular discontent, with the multiplication of media-savvy protest groups, followed by the rise of “independent” municipal electoral campaigns and, most recently, the emergence of a “non-traditional” “political party experiment.” Running under the elusive banner of “civil society,” emerging collective actions have all been attempting to advance “alternative” forms of organization and political participation. Examining three contentious and intriguing developments that have captured public attention, namely Al-Hirak, Beirut Madinati, and Sabaa, this article explores the antinomies of collective organization and action in the building of political “alternatives.” The research makes use of a thorough content analysis of Facebook campaigning posts and interview data and engages with literature on “new” social movements, digital activism, and collective organization to explore collective actors’ contending relations to “the political” at the organizational level. The research concludes that rather than reconcile individuals with political participation through lasting organizational frameworks and coherent political “alternatives,” novel forms of collective organization increasingly conform to a global neoliberal logic of action that is increasingly fragmentary, individualizing and commercializing, and a fleeting logic of organization that is mostly unaccountable and unrepresentative.
Environmental changes and ancient long-term wet field management schemes: A preliminary case study of the Daepyeongri site, locality 3-1-D, South Korea
Authors: Moon Youngrong , Lee Hong-Jong , Lee Heejin
Published: September 2018

Large-scale excavations between 2012 and 2015 at the Daepyeongri site on the floodplain of the River Geumgang have revealed the presence of an ancient complex settlement comprising houses, extensive agricultural fields, and pits that have been dated to between the Bronze Age and the early Three Kingdoms periods. The beginning and end of the occupation of this site and land-use patterns are assumed to have been associated with its natural environment. The pollen records presented in this study show that wet conditions continued throughout the time that this site was occupied, evidenced by the consistent appearance of Alnus, while there are nevertheless hints of some land reclamation from the Bronze Age onwards. More intensive agricultural activities that took place during this later period are evidenced by an increase in the abundance of NAP pollens related to cultivation including Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Bistorta, Compositae and Fagopyrum. At the end of the occupation period, an abrupt transition to wetter conditions is recognized while dry land condition had been prevalent for some time in other parts of the site. Microscopic examination of buried cultivated soils that evidence multiple phases of ancient field systems has enabled the identification of pedological traces of discrete cultivation patterns and shows that they changed over time. The recognition of micro-structures and associated features shows that seasonally flooded wetland was first utilized during the early phase (the Bronze Age), and that more intensified irrigation management was seen during the late phase (the time span encompassed by the proto-Kingdoms and Three Kingdoms periods). These data reveal evidence for intensive hydromorphic degradation and enable a robust recognition of settlement history and an enhanced understanding of the intensity of various land-use patterns, and landscape changes from both environmental and archaeological perspectives.
Spectral envelope consistency singing diatonic scales with different dynamics contours
Authors: Vurma Allan
Published: September 2018

This study was motivated by the frequently expressed opinion that in the classical style of singing one of the main objectives is the evenness of the voice over wide pitch and dynamic ranges. With an empirical experiment, we aimed to discover whether and how the acoustical parameters related to voice timbre change when professional male vocalists fulfil vocal tasks with changing pitch and dynamics. We asked 11 participants to produce one-octave D-major ascending diatonic scales in three different ways: (1) with their habitual dynamics, (2) with sempre crescendo, and (3) with sempre diminuendo. The values of the corresponding parameters varied systematically in the case of all the singers tested. Some of these changes occurred for purely acoustical reasons that are unrelated to the vocal technique of the singer. Several singers used vocal strategies whose purpose appeared to be the improvement of the perceived evenness of the voice. One such technique was the creation of a difference between the piano and forte dynamics primarily by changing the voice timbre without varying the sound level significantly. An alternative strategy was varying the sound level while minimizing the variation in the level of the singer’s formant (which is related to the brightness and carrying power of the voice).
Real-time PCR assay for screening Pneumocystis in free-living wild squirrels and river rats in Italy
Authors: Danesi Patrizia , Falcaro Christian , Ravagnan Silvia , Da Rold Graziana , Porcellato Elena , Corrò Michela , Iatta Roberta , Cafarchia Claudia , Frangipane di Regalbono Antonio , Meyer Wieland , Capelli Gioia
Published: September 2018

We used a real-time PCR (rtPCR) targeting a 150-bp amplicon of the mitochondrial small subunit of ribosomal RNA (mtSSU rRNA) to screen for Pneumocystis DNA in lungs of wild squirrels ( Callosciurus finlaysonii, n = 85) and river rats ( Myocastor coypus, n = 43) in Italy. The rtPCR revealed Pneumocystis DNA in 20 of 85 (24%) squirrels and in 35 of 43 (81%) river rats, and was more sensitive than a nested PCR that targets a portion of the mtSSU rRNA and the mitochondrial large subunit of rRNA (mtLSU rRNA). Phylogenetic analysis based on mtSSU rRNA and mtLSU rRNA sequences showed distinct Pneumocystis sequence types in these rodents. The rtPCR assay should be reliable for screening large populations for this potential pathogen, thereby allowing cost-effective monitoring of the disease in wild animals.
The Conditional Effectiveness of Legislative Threats: How Court Curbing Alters the Behavior of (Some) Supreme Court Justices
Authors: Mark Alyx , Zilis Michael A.
Published: September 2018

The separation-of-powers literature focuses on how the preferences of one branch constrain the behavior of its counterparts. Yet, in much of this work, scholars do not address how responsive behavior varies across particular members. Focusing on Court curbing legislation in Congress, we develop a model of heterogeneous responsiveness. Our theory identifies two distinct mechanisms that underpin responsiveness in judicial behavior, implying that the chief justice and the most moderate (swing) justice are more likely than their colleagues to adjust their behavior in response to external threats from Congress. We find that these two justices are significantly less likely to vote to invalidate legislation than their colleagues during periods of heightened Court curbing and provide evidence that distinct mechanisms shape their behaviors. In addition, we offer justice-specific evidence using a pre–post promotion analysis, demonstrating that Justice Rehnquist became responsive to Court curbing only after becoming chief justice. Our model highlights the micro-level underpinnings of judicial responsiveness to inter-institutional politics and, most broadly, speaks to the need for separation-of-powers models to differentiate the preferences of individual political actors when seeking to understand inter-institutional responsiveness.
Measuring Psychological Inflexibility in Children and Adolescents: Evaluating the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth
Authors: Szemenyei Eszter , Reinhardt Melinda , Szabó Edina , Szabó Krisztina-Gabriella , Urbán Róbert , Harvey Shane T. , Morgan Antony , Demetrovics Zsolt , Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Published: September 2018

The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) was developed to measure psychological inflexibility. Although the questionnaire is a well-known tool in clinical practice, its psychometric properties have not been widely investigated in the target population of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and validity of the AFQ-Y8 ( N = 1,572, mean age 15.39 years, girls 51%) on a Hungarian sample. We also tested the invariance of the measurement model across two age groups (11-14 and 15-20 years old). Results confirmed the single-factor structure of the AFQ-Y8. Psychological inflexibility was also found to be positively related to emotional instability, externalizing, and internalizing problems. Furthermore, psychological inflexibility explained the variance of life satisfaction when personality dimensions, emotional, and behavioral problems were accounted for. Measurement invariance across age groups was partially supported. These results suggest that the AFQ-Y8 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychological inflexibility in children and adolescents.
Effectiveness of a Trauma-Informed Care Initiative in a State Child Welfare System: A Randomized Study
Authors: Jankowski M. Kay , Schifferdecker Karen E. , Butcher Rebecca L. , Foster-Johnson Lynn , Barnett Erin R.
Published: September 2018

Trauma-informed care (TIC) initiatives in state child welfare agencies are receiving more attention, but little empirical evidence exists as to their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in self-reported practices and perceptions of child welfare staff involved in a multifaceted, statewide TIC intervention. Ten child welfare offices were matched and randomized to an early or delayed cohort. Staff were surveyed at Time 1 prior to any intervention, Time 2 postintervention for Cohort 1, and Time 3 postintervention for Cohort 2. The survey covered six domains: trauma screening, case planning, mental health and family involvement, progress monitoring, collaboration, and perceptions of the state’s overall system performance. Linear mixed modeling assessed the effect of the intervention. Cohort by time interaction was significant for three intervention targets. We demonstrate, using a rigorous study design, the mixed results of a multimodal intervention to improve trauma-informed attitudes, practices, and system performance. TIC initiatives must account for complex, dynamic contextual factors.
Appropriateness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use in patients receiving chemotherapy by febrile neutropenia risk level
Authors: Baig Hassam , Somlo Barbara , Eisen Melissa , Stryker Scott , Bensink Mark , Morrow Phuong K
Published: September 2018

Objective

Inappropriate granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use with myelosuppressive chemotherapy has been reported. Using the Oncology Services Comprehensive Electronic Records electronic medical record database, prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (pegfilgrastim/filgrastim) use in cancer patients was assessed by febrile neutropenia risk level.

Methods

Patients with nonmetastatic or metastatic breast, head/neck, colorectal, ovarian/gynecologic, lung cancer, or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who received myelosuppressive chemotherapy from June 2013 to May 2014 were included. Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use with high-risk, intermediate-risk, and low-risk chemotherapy and distribution of National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk factors with intermediate-risk regimens were assessed.

Results

Overall, 86,189 patients received ∼4.2 million chemotherapy cycles (high risk, 9%; intermediate risk, 48%; low risk, 43%). Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given in 24% of cycles (high risk, 59%; intermediate risk, 29%; low risk, 11%). For nonmetastatic solid tumors, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given in 78% (high risk), 31% (intermediate risk), and 6% (low risk) of cycles. For metastatic solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given in 50% (high risk), 27% (intermediate risk), and 11% (low risk) of cycles. Among patients receiving intermediate-risk regimens with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, febrile neutropenia risk factors were identified in 56% (95% confidence interval, 51.1–60.9%) of patients with nonmetastatic solid tumors (n = 400) and in 70% (64.5–73.5%) of patients with metastatic solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 400).

Conclusion

Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use was appropriately highest for high-risk regimens and lowest for low-risk regimens yet still potentially underused in high risk regimens, overused in low-risk regimens, and not appropriately targeted in intermediate-risk regimens, indicating a need for further education on febrile neutropenia risk evaluation and appropriate granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use.
Variability of Crime Clearance Among Police Agencies
Authors: Scott Thomas L. , Wellford Charles , Lum Cynthia , Vovak Heather
Published: September 2018

Average crime clearance rates have remained remarkably stable in the United States since the 1980s, despite many advances in investigative technologies or fluctuations in crime. Taking these average trends at face value, some have suggested that this stability indicates that police departments can do little to alter their clearance rates. However, in this study, we find that the average trends mask substantial long-term variation in crime clearance among police agencies. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we test whether large U.S. police departments have reported uniquely different long-term clearance rate trends from 1981 to 2013 and what organizational factors might contribute to different trends. As we discuss, this method has attractive qualities that provide for a more rigorous analysis compared with past comparative work. Our results show diverse levels and patterns of clearance both within individual crime types and across multiple crime types that appear to covary with organizational factors. We explain how finite mixture modeling can advance both quantitative and qualitative research by identifying departmental differences in performance for further study.
Effectiveness of motivational interviewing to improve oral hygiene in orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rigau-Gay Maria-Montserrat , Claver-Garrido Eduard , Benet Marta , Lusilla-Palacios Pilar , Ustrell-Torrent Josep-Maria
Published: September 2018

Maintaining good oral hygiene in patients wearing fixed appliances is a challenge for orthodontics. Conventional education has been demonstrated to be insufficient for the promotion of good oral habits, while motivational interviewing has the potential to facilitate health behavior change. The present randomized controlled trial with 130 patients aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single session of motivational interviewing in enhancing oral hygiene in orthodontic patients compared with conventional education alone. Results revealed an immediate improvement in oral hygiene which remained stable throughout the 6-month follow-up.
Operative versus non-operative management of blunt pancreatic trauma: A systematic review
Authors: Soon David SC , Leang Yit J , Pilgrim Charles HC
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Motor vehicle crashes are common causes of blunt abdominal trauma in the 21st century. While splenic trauma occurs very frequently and thus there is a well-established treatment paradigm, traumatic pancreatic injuries are relatively infrequent, occurring in only 3–5% of traumas. This low incidence means physicians have reduced experience with this condition and there is still ongoing debate with regards to the best practice in managing pancreatic trauma. During severe trauma, the pancreas can be injured as a consequence of blunt and penetrating injury. This has an estimated mortality rate ranging from 9 to 34%.

Methods

A systematic review was performed using three scientific databases: Embase, Medline and Cochrane and in-line with the PRISMA statement. We included only articles published in English, available as full text and describing only adults. Keywords included: pancrea*, trauma, blunt, operative management and non-operative management.

Results

Three studies were found that directly compared operative versus non-operative management in blunt pancreatic trauma. Length of stay, mortality and rate of re-intervention were lower in the non-operative group compared to the operative group. However, the average grade of pancreatic injury was lower in the non-operative group compared to the operative group.

Discussion

Our results revealed that patients who undergo non-operative management tend to have lower grade of injuries and patients with higher grade of injury tend to be managed in an operative fashion. This could be likely due to the fact that higher grade of pancreatic injuries is often accompanied by other injuries such as hollow viscus injury and therefore require operative intervention.

Conclusion

Non-operative management is a safe approach for low-grade blunt pancreatic trauma without ductal injuries. However, more evidence is required to improve our understanding and treatment plans. We suggest a large international multicentre study combining data from multiple international trauma centres to collect adequate data.
The Environmental Liability Directive, the Water Framework Directive and the Definition of ‘Water Damage’
Authors: Josefsson Henrik
Published: September 2018

The Environmental Liability Directive (ELD) focuses on remediating environmental damage. To assess environmental damage it uses existing assessment systems, and the constructs that are at the centre of these systems. One of these is ‘ecological status’ in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The ELD refers to the WFD with respect to what ‘water damage’ concerns, without specifying what it means and it offers no threshold for when deterioration is significant enough to count as ‘water damage’. A definition of ‘water damage’ is developed, based on the European Court of Justice’s latest rulings, which clarify when the deterioration of a body of water is so significant that it passes from ‘deterioration’ under the WFD, to ‘water damage’ under the ELD.
Visualising the European space of education: Analytic borderland, transnational topologies and spaces of orientation
Authors: Barbousas Joanna , Seddon Terri
Published: September 2018

Studies of europeanisation have made a significant contribution to knowledge about education and how it has respatialised since the turn of the 21st century. This line of inquiry initially historicised the 1990s as a means of researching the emerging European space of education, but then morphed into studies of governing through the field of comparative policy studies. The research on governing Europe made the space of education visible in particular ways, which raises questions about the space of experiencing Europe: specifically, about how education is seen by professionals and with what effects. This paper uses the concept of ‘space-time’ to investigate the respatialisation of education. We review three case studies that historicise the europeanisation of education to problematise the space of governing, conceptualise the space of experience at three scales and illustrate how these entangled transnational topologies, analytic borderlands and spaces of orientation re-made the space of visual education in the 1920s.
Development of a 2D+T theory for performance prediction of double-stepped planing hulls in calm water
Authors: Niazmand Bilandi Rasul , Dashtimanesh Abbas , Tavakoli Sasan
Published: September 2018

In this article, a mathematical model based on the 2D+T theory has been developed to predict the performance of two-stepped planing hulls in calm water. It has been attempted to develop a mathematical model without using regression formulas. It leads to development of a computational model with no common limitations related to empirical models which have an individual range of applicability. For this purpose, theoretical solution of water entry of a two-dimensional wedge section has been implemented to compute the pressure distribution over wedge section entering water, and then normal forces acting on the two-dimensional sections are computed. Bottom of the boat has been divided into three different planing surfaces including fore, middle and aft bodies. Computations are performed for each of these surfaces. By integrating the two-dimensional sectional normal forces over the entire wetted length of the vessel, the trim angle, wetted surface and resistance have been obtained. To evaluate the accuracy of the presented method, the obtained results are compared against experimental data and a previous empirical-based method developed by authors. The comparison suggests that the proposed method predicted dynamic trim angle, wetted surface and resistance of double stepped boats with reasonable accuracy. The mean errors in prediction of trim angle, wetted surface and resistance are, respectively, 13%, 16% and 8%. It should also be noted that although computation of running attitudes and resistance of double-stepped planing boats are targeted in this article, the mathematical model has been developed in such a way that it has the potential to model transverse and vertical motions of two-stepped planing hulls in future studies.
Physical Activity Maintenance Following Home-Based, Individually Tailored Print Interventions for African American Women
Authors: Pekmezi Dori , Ainsworth Cole , Desmond Renee , Pisu Maria , Williams Victoria , Wang Kaiying , Holly Taylor , Meneses Karen , Marcus Bess , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy
Published: September 2018

African American women report low participation in physical activity and are disproportionately burdened by related conditions (obesity, breast, and colon cancer). Physical activity interventions have shown promising results among African American women, but most studies in this area have focused on short-term increases. More enduring changes in health behavior will be needed to eliminate existing health disparities. Thus, the current study examined 12-month physical activity and psychosocial outcomes from a pilot randomized controlled trial ( N = 84) of a Home-based Individually tailored Physical activity Print (HIPP) intervention for African American women in the Deep South. Retention was 77.4% at 12 months. HIPP participants increased self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from 35.1 minutes/week (standard deviation [SD] = 47.8) at baseline to 124 minutes/week ( SD = 95.5) at 12 months, compared with the wellness contact control participants who reported increases from 48.2 minutes/week ( SD = 51.3) to 102.5 minutes/week ( SD = 94.5) over 12 months (between-group p > .05). Results indicate that modest improvements in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and related psychosocial variables occurred during the active intervention phase (months 0-6) and were sustained during the tapered maintenance period (months 6-12). Low-cost, high-reach, home-based strategies have great potential for supporting sustained participation in physical activity and achieving long-term health benefits among African American women in the Deep South.
Distributed area coverage control with imprecise robot localization
Authors: Papatheodorou Sotiris , Tzes Anthony , Giannousakis Konstantinos , Stergiopoulos Yiannis
Published: September 2018

This article examines the static area coverage problem by a network of mobile, sensor-equipped agents with imprecise localization. Each agent has uniform radial sensing ability and is governed by first-order kinodynamics. To partition the region of interest, a novel partitioning scheme, the Additively Weighted Guaranteed Voronoi diagram is introduced which takes into account both the agents’ positioning uncertainty and their heterogeneous sensing performance. Each agent’s region of responsibility corresponds to its Additively Weighted Guaranteed Voronoi cell, bounded by hyperbolic arcs. An appropriate gradient ascent-based control scheme is derived so that it guarantees monotonic increase of a coverage objective and is extended with collision avoidance properties. Additionally, a computationally efficient simplified control scheme is offered that is able to achieve comparable performance. Several simulation studies are offered to evaluate the performance of the two control schemes. Finally, two experiments using small differential drive-like robots and an ultra-wideband positioning system were conducted, highlighting the performance of the proposed control scheme in a real world scenario.
How Faculty Members Develop Views on Internationalization: The Case of a Top-Ranked Indian Business School
Authors: Amblee Naveen C. , Dhayanithy Deepak
Published: September 2018

Internationalization of higher education is considered to be among the most widely researched as well as one of the most misunderstood topics. In this study, we take a phenomenological approach to better understand what internationalization means to faculty members at a leading business school in India, as the country has emerged as one of the largest providers of management education in the world today. This is important because faculty members are considered to be the key drivers of internationalization at their institutions. We find that internationalization means different things to different faculty members, and that these views are strongly shaped by each faculty member’s unique set of past international experiences. We are able to link these views to De Meyer’s three strategic drivers of globalization/internationalization, and find that for Indian management faculty, the desire to enrich the home base emerges as the dominant driver of internationalization, followed by the desire for global learning. Although not a prominent driver, the desire to leverage India’s unique knowledge base was also evident. We expect that these views will drive the future internationalization endeavors of this and other similar leading Indian business schools.
Result of modified Outerbridge-Kashiwagi procedure for elbow flexion contractures in brachial plexus birth injury
Authors: Price Andrew E. , Chim Harvey , Valencia Herbert , Grossman John A. I.
Published: September 2018

We report the results of ten consecutive patients who had correction of an elbow flexion contracture of greater than 30° in brachial plexus birth injury using a modified Outerbridge-Kashiwagi procedure. All patients had minimum 23-month follow-up. Pre- and post-operative elbow range of motion and DASH scores were recorded in all patients. The operative technique for the procedure and post-operative course is discussed. Surgery was supplemented by botulinum toxin injection into the biceps brachii muscle in most cases. The average age at surgery was 14 years 10 months. The initial plexus lesion was global in eight patients and upper in two. Pre-operative flexion contractures averaged 51° (range 35 to 60) and post-operative averaged 21° (range 15 to 30). Of these patients, one had no change in active flexion, four had loss of active flexion, and five had gain of active flexion. All ten patients were satisfied with their results and stated that they would recommend the procedure to other patients.

Level of evidence: IV
The role of oesophageal physiological testing in the assessment of noncardiac chest pain
Authors: Heinrich Henriette , Sweis Rami
Published: September 2018

Oesophageal physiology testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) after cardiac, structural and mucosal abnormalities have been ruled out. Endoscopy can establish the presence of structural causes of chest pain such as cancer, oesophageal webs and diverticula. Even if macroscopically normal, eosinophilic oesophagitis is a common cause of chest pain and needs to be ruled out with an adequate biopsy regimen. In the remaining cases, diagnosis is focused on the identification of often subtle mechanisms that lead to NCCP. The most common oesophageal aetiologies for NCCP are gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), oesophageal dysmotility and functional chest pain. Ambulatory pH studies (with or without impedance or wireless measurements) can establish the presence of GORD, nonerosive reflux as well any association with symptoms of chest pain. High-resolution manometry, particularly with the inclusion of adjunctive testing, can rule out major motility disorders such as spasm, hypercontraction or achalasia. The EndoFLIP device can help define disorders with reduced distensibility, not easily appreciated with endoscopy or manometry. When all tests remain negative, a diagnosis of oesophageal hypersensitivity is normally made and therapy is shifted from targeting a disease to treating symptoms and patient affect.
Treatment of Darier’s disease with oral magnesium: a case report
Authors: Oi-Yee Li Heidi , Colantonio Sophia , Kanigsberg Nordau
Published: September 2018

Darier’s disease, an autosomal dominant genodermatosis, arises from a mutation in the ATP2A2 gene that codes for sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum and is characterized by greasy keratotic papules commonly found in seborrheic regions. Conventional treatments, including topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals and retinoids, often have limited efficacy. The present article reports the novel use of oral magnesium chloride supplementation (300 mg daily) in the treatment of Darier disease. After 5 years of limited improvement using conventional therapies, significant improvements in neck lesions were observed within 1 month of starting oral magnesium chloride. This suggests that oral magnesium chloride may be an effective therapeutic option for Darier disease, although further in vitro and clinical trials are necessary to evaluate its clinical efficacy.
Unusual presentation of a cutaneous metastasis in the face arising from gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Kirchberger Michael Constantin
Published: September 2018

A well-known example of gastrointestinal cancers metastasizing to the skin is Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule, which usually presents as a cutaneous nodule on the umbilicus. In this case, a 91-year-old man was referred to our dermatology clinic for a rapidly growing 3 cm × 2 cm ulcerative nodule at his chin. Biopsy showed skin metastasis originating from a gastric adenocarcinoma. The subcutaneous and cutaneous manifestation of gastric cancer is very rare and associated with a poor prognosis and widespread metastatic disease as presented in this case. However, skin metastasis may be the first clinically apparent sign of underlying systemic malignancy and therefore immediate clarification in case of uncertainty is recommended.
Treating electroconvulsive therapy–induced mania with more electroconvulsive therapy: Evidence for electroconvulsive therapy as the ultra-mood stabilizer
Authors: Thomas Rejish K , White Patrick J , Dursun Serdar
Published: September 2018

Electroconvulsive therapy has been described as a mood stabilizer, as it is effective in all stages of bipolar disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy–induced mania is a known and potentially dangerous risk of treating bipolar depression with electroconvulsive therapy and there are no established guidelines for the management of electroconvulsive therapy–induced mania. We report a case of electroconvulsive therapy–induced mania where electroconvulsive therapy was continued as the sole, effective antimanic agent, which is the first described case in literature.
Risk Factors for Manipulation Under Anesthesia and/or Lysis of Adhesions After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Huleatt Joel , Gottschalk Michael , Fraser Kelsey , Boden Allison , Dalwadi Poonam , Xerogeanes John , Hammond Kyle
Published: September 2018

Background:

In the currently published literature, a higher risk for developing arthrofibrosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been reported for female patients, adolescents, early surgery or concomitant procedures, and the use of a patellar tendon autograft. There is a lack of evidence regarding other graft choices or factors.

Hypothesis:

Multiple risk factors will play a significant role in the development of arthrofibrosis after ACL reconstruction. Specifically, we hypothesized that the risk of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and/or lysis of adhesions (LOA) would be affected by graft choice and patient demographic factors.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The charts of all patients who underwent ACL reconstruction over a 10-year period at a single academic institution were queried from an electronic medical record database and reviewed at a minimum of 6 months after ACL reconstruction, with the collection of demographic and surgical data. The relative risk for undergoing MUA and/or LOA was calculated for each analyzed risk factor.

Results:

A total of 2424 ACL reconstructions were included, with a chart review at a mean of 56.7 months after surgery (range, 7.6-124.0 months). The rate of MUA and/or LOA for arthrofibrosis was 4.5%. A statistically significantly increased relative risk was found for infection (5.45), hematoma requiring evacuation (3.55), ACL reconstruction with meniscal repair (2.83), use of a quadriceps tendon autograft (2.68), age <18 years (2.39), multiple concomitant procedures (1.69), contact injury (1.62), female sex (1.60), and surgery within 28 days of injury (1.53), and a statistically significantly decreased relative risk was found for revision ACL reconstruction (0.30), age >25 years (0.34), and use of a tibialis anterior allograft (0.36). In the multivariate regression model, the use of a quadriceps tendon autograft ( P = .00007), infection ( P = .00126), and concomitant meniscal repair ( P = .00194) were independent risk factors, whereas revision ACL reconstruction ( P = .0024) was an independent protective factor.

Conclusion:

Graft type, infection, concomitant meniscal repair, and primary reconstruction are significant risk factors for undergoing MUA or LOA after ACL reconstruction.