bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling Children Who Commit Crimes Under the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Hadi Tuasikal  , Asmuruf Johana
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how the handling of criminal acts committed by minors based on the juvenile justice system. Using normative legal research methods, it is concluded: 1. In the Criminal Code, there are two kinds of elements, namely objective elements and subjective elements. The objective element is the element related to the situation, which is the state in which the actions of the perpetrator must be carried out, while the subjective element is the element inherent in the perpetrator or related to the perpetrator. The subjective element of a criminal act is intentional or accidental (dolus or culpa); purpose or intention on an experiment or poging as referred to in Article 53 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. The objective element of a criminal act is the unlawful nature or wederrechtelijkheid; the quality of the perpetrator, for example "the state of being a public servant" in a crime of office according to Article 415 of the Criminal Code or "the state of being an administrator or commissioner of a limited liability company" in a crime according to Article 398 of the Criminal Code; and causality, which is the relationship between an action as a cause and a reality as an effect. 2. Every minor who commits the crime of murder has different legal sanctions than adults who commit murder. Article 3 letter f of Law Number 11 of 2012 states that every child in the criminal justice process has the right not to be sentenced to death or life imprisonment, only subject to diversion efforts aimed at achieving peace between victims and children, resolving cases outside the judicial process, preventing children from being deprived of independence, encouraging the community to participate and instilling a sense of responsibility to children,  and job training in prisons for minors.
DINAMIKA KETEGANGAN POLITIK PASCA PEMILU 2024 DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN STABILITAS DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Agustin Salsa , Maharani Rizki , Ramadhani Rizki
Published: September 2024

The 2024 general election in Indonesia is not only a democratic event, but also presents significant challenges related to political stability and democracy. Presents significant challenges related to political stability and democracy. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the dynamics of political tensions emerging post-2024 elections and their impact on democratic stability in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach by collecting data from various sources, including interviews with political stakeholders, media analysis, and related literature. The results highlighted increasing political polarization, inter-group conflicts, as well as efforts to form a stable governing coalition. In addition, the analysis also explored the role of political communication in easing or exacerbating post-election political tensions. Overall, the analysis of the dynamics of political tensions after the 2024 elections highlights the complexities and challenges faced in maintaining democratic stability in Indonesia. Through the study of political structure, power, legitimacy and political communication, we can understand that elections are not the end of the political process, but the beginning of an important stage in building a stable and inclusive political order. The analysis shows that post-election political tensions do not only include competition between political parties, but also involve various factors such as political polarization, government formation, legitimacy of power, and public political participation.
POLITIK DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN : PENGALAMAN POLITIK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS TUNA RUNGU DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Muksin Ahmad , Amaliatulwalidain  , Kariem M.Qur’anul
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to determine the political experiences of deaf people in the city of Palembang. This research uses qualitative methods, which can produce accurate and focused data through interviews and observations. This means that this research is directly involved in the descriptive field which seeks to describe through issues the political experiences of deaf people. This was carried out by researchers at the Gerkatin organization office which is located at Jalan Lieutenant Murod 1, 20 Ilir D.IV, Ilir Timur 1 District, Palembang City, South Sumatra 30128. To see and find out what obstacles are faced by deaf people and to find out about the political experiences of deaf people in general elections. Using Nuri Soeseno's Theory (Republican Citizenship Theory). And Efriza Theory (Political Participation Theory). Based on the results of research and discussions that have been carried out regarding Politics and Citizenship (Case Study of Political Experiences of Deaf People with Disabilities in Palembang City), their political participation still faces a number of obstacles. Deaf people tend to be classified as observers in General Elections, with minimal active involvement in supporting candidates for state office and campaign activities. Inhibiting factors involve a lack of socialization from the KPU, lack of assistance from family or TPS officers, and minimal attention from TPS officers to the special needs of people with disabilities.
Utilization of Local Microorganisms from Vegetable Waste in The Composting Process
Authors: Suwatanti Suwatanti
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research are to know the daily environmental factor fluctuation in the composting process using vegetable waste local microorganism, the compost’s physical quality based on respondent’s evaluation and compost’s chemical quality based on laboratory analysis. This research was conducted for 4 weeks, consisted of two treatments, which were composting using vegetable waste MOL bioactivator and EM4 bioactivator. The data taken including the daily environmental factor fluctatuion during the process, physical quality (colour, smell and texture), and chemical quality (water level, pH, C/N ratio, P2O5 and K2O) after the compost was processed. The data were analysed descriptively. The result of the research showed that the compost’s daily environmental factor fluctuation with vegetable waste MOL and EM4 showed a relatively similar result. Each compost’s physical quality based on respondent’s evaluation give a result with score 30 in aspect of colour, smell and texture. This research conclude that the physical quality of both treatment showed blackish colour, smell like soil and smooth texture according to SNI 19-7030-2004 criteria. However, the C/N ratio of compost using vegetable waste was better than the EM4 compost
Making Compost Using Organic Solid Waste
Authors: Cahaya Andhika , Nugroho Dody Adi
Published: September 2024

This research using the vegetables garbage, baggase, and goat dirt. The research quickened with addition of EM-4 bacterium. The variation of research is, mixture between vegetables garbage and goat dirt (variable A), vegetables garbage and baggase (variable B), baggase and goat dirt (variable C),and the last mixture betwen vegetables garbage, baggase and goat dirt. All the variable added by 10 ml of EM-4 bacterium. Research conducted by aerobic method. Conclusion obtained from this research is the mixture of vegetables garbage and goat dirt (variable A) more easily becoming compost than other variable. Require to be underlined, addition of baggase into variable B, C, and D cause the mixture more difficult become compost. Compost maturity seen from C/N ratio. C/N ratio of compost variable A is 17.45, this is according to value of compost quality at SNI 19-7030-2004. Usually compost experience of the maturation in 30 day, but in mixture with baggase the time of maturation is longer.
Determination of Spatial Zoning of Telecommunication Towers for Control and Supervision in Bogor City
Authors: Waryani Waryani , Mahfudz Muhamad
Published: September 2024

The development of information and communication technology has experienced very rapid development, this also affects the services provided by operators in order to support the speed of development of information and communication technology. Information and communication technology cannot be separated from the existence of BTS (base transceiver station) antennas which are a problem, the construction of too many telecommunications tower infrastructure without planning will cause problems that are not good for the spatial planning and beauty of Bogor City. In determining zoning, data is needed from all telecommunications towers standing in Bogor City, then analyzed using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. In order to make it easier to map telecommunications towers, it is combined with GIS (Geographic information system) with the hope that it can be a recommendation for decision making by the Bogor City government. In determining the zoning, namely by taking into account the distance of the tower and data from the coordinate point where the tower stands. Determination of zoning with a range of 5 km each, so that 4 zones are obtained, namely zone-1 at a distance of 5 km for the Central Bogor City sub-district area, zone 2 at a distance of 5.1 km -10 km for the West, East and North Bogor city areas, Zone-3 at a distance of 10.1-15 km for the South Bogor City and Tanah Sareal areas and Zone-4 at a distance above 15.1 km for parts of the South Bogor City and Tanah Sareal areas.
Змія у Старому Заповіті: прояви народних вірувань у середовищі давніх юдеїв
Authors: Галайчук Володимир
Published: September 2024

Зібрано та проаналізовано міфологічні оповіді й окремі згадки про змію у книгах юдейського Священного Писання – Танаха (у християнській традиції – Старого Заповіту). З’ясовано, які назви для позначення цієї тварини були використані у двох найважливіших редакціях старозаповітних текстів – Масоретському тексті та Септуагінті. Зіставлено їх з українськими відповідниками, використаними у вітчизняних перекладах Біблії І. Огієнка, Р. Турконяка, Українського біблійного товариства. Встановлено, що попри досить раціоналістичний характер юдейського Священного Писання, воно часто рясніє давніми міфологічними уявленнями, в яких, зокрема, значну роль відіграє змія. Продемонстровано, як цю тварину в середовищі давніх юдеїв вважали ворожою щодо Бога та людей істотою. Доведено наявність серед єврейського простонароддя пережитків магії та фетишизму, які виражалися у використанні зображення змія для зцілення від смертоносної дії зміїної отрути, а також у застосуванні практики замовлянь від зміїних укусів.
Причини поразок Червоної армії у 1941 р. на сторінках газетної періодики окупованих українських територій
Authors: Грінченко Віктор
Published: September 2024

У статті висвітлюються матеріали періоду 1941-1943 років із газетної періодики окупованих українських територій, які стосувалися причин поразок Червоної армії в ході воєнних дій у 1941 р. Серед таких причин у різних публікаціях прослідковуються: застарілі стратегія і тактика вищого командного складу Червоної армії; нездатність відбивати удари противника з потрібною швидкістю й оперативністю; наступальний характер війни з боку Німеччини та її союзників; вищий рівень німецького командування та загалом кадрового складу німецької армії; краща організація постачання німецьких військ; панування німецької авіації у перші місяці війни; сталінські репресії проти командного складу РСЧА; низький моральний стан і рівень дисципліни у Червоній армії й ін.
Окремі згадані у пресі факти, оцінки, аналітичні судження знайшли підтвердження у працях сучасних дослідників і можуть становити певний науковий інтерес у контексті інтерпретації оборонних боїв радянської армії у 1941 р. однією із протиборчих сторін.
Assessment of driver fatigue-related brain responses and causal factors during driving under different traffic conditions
Authors: Adachi Masataka , Nobukawa Sou , Inagaki Keiichiro
Published: September 2024

Fatigue is one of the crucial factors in human error-related traffic accidents. Despite the development of highly advanced intelligent transport systems, fatigue-related traffic accidents have not decreased. The factors inducing driver fatigue are classified into mental and physical categories. Physical fatigue results from muscle strain due to prolonged driving and operations. Mental fatigue, on the other hand, results from the continuous mental effort required for driving, including repeated perception and decision-making regarding driving situations and route planning. Monitoring driver fatigue can help prevent fatigue-related traffic accidents. Therefore, researchers have studied its relationship with various biomarkers such as sleep state, eye movement, facial expression, and electroencephalography (EEG) activation levels. Moreover, studies have revealed the relationship between fatigue and cognitive performance, which is affected by factors such as extended periods of driving. Furthermore, the strategy, quantity, and quality of driving operations and perception differ in various traffic environments. For instance, driving stress levels vary depending on factors such as the number of vehicles on the road, traffic congestion, and road conditions. However, the brain activity associated with mental and physical workload due to the traffic environment and its factors remains unknown. In particular, the relationship between mental and physical stress resulting from varying levels of operation and perception in different driving environments, the accumulation of driver fatigue caused by such stress, and the related brain activity are still unclear. In this study, we focused on investigating the mental and physical workload that accumulates in drivers and induces physical and mental fatigue, as well as the related brain activity caused by different traffic environments. We investigate these aspects through driving experiments, measuring EEG in driving environments created by varying the traffic environment and density using a driving simulator. The results confirmed differences in theta- and alpha-band spectral responses, which are associated with driver fatigue, across different traffic environments. Further examination of the causal relationship showed that mental and physical workload were associated with fatigue-related spectral responses depending on the traffic environment. These findings imply that the level of cognitive and operational load inherent in driving environments plays a crucial role in driver fatigue.
Targeting hepatic macrophages for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy
Authors: Tian Yingxin , Ni Yiming , Zhang Ting , Cao Yemin , Zhou Mingmei , Zhao Cheng
Published: September 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become global health challenges with significant morbidity and mortality rates. NAFLD encompasses several liver diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to more severe inflammatory and fibrotic forms. Ultimately, this can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The intricate role of hepatic macrophages, particularly Kupffer cells (KCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs), in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, has received increasing attention. Hepatic macrophages can interact with hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Paradoxically, they also participate in the pathogenesis of some liver diseases. This review highlights the fundamental role of hepatic macrophages in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, emphasizing their plasticity and contribution to inflammation and fibrosis, and hopes to provide ideas for subsequent experimental research and clinical treatment.
Targeting lon protease to inhibit persister cell formation in Salmonella Typhimurium: a drug repositioning approach
Authors: Narimisa Negar , Razavi Shabnam , Khoshbayan Amin , Gharaghani Sajjad , Jazi Faramarz Masjedian
Published: September 2024

Objective

Persister cells are a specific subset of bacteria capable of surviving exposure to lethal doses of antibiotics, leading to antibiotic therapy failures and infection relapses. This research explores the utilization of drug repositioning to target the Lon protease in Salmonella Typhimurium.

Method

In this study, FDA-approved drugs sourced from the Drug Bank database were screened to identify existing pharmaceuticals with the potential to combat the Lon protease. The formation of persister cells in the presence of antibiotics, as well as the combination of antibiotics with potential Lon protease inhibitors, was examined. Furthermore, the expression of type II toxin-antitoxin system genes was analyzed to enhance our comprehension of the inhibitors’ effects.

Result

Molecular docking analysis revealed that Diosmin and Nafcillin exhibited strong binding affinity to the Lon protease. Molecular dynamics simulation trajectories analysis demonstrated that the interaction of these ligands with the enzyme did not induce instability; rather, the enzyme’s structure remained stable. Combinations of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin with either Nafcillin or Diosmin led to significant reductions in bacterial cell counts. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these combinations, when compared to antibiotics alone, highlighted the substantial impact of Nafcillin and Diosmin in reducing type II TA system gene expression.

Conclusion

These findings suggest promising prospects for developing novel therapeutic approaches targeting persister cells to mitigate treatment failures in Salmonella infections.
Novel temporary endodontic medication based on calcium silicate strategy: a biological and physicochemical study
Authors: El Hachem Claire , Sauro Salvatore , Eid Ammar , Arıcan Burçin , Alrayesse Raya , Fabro Camille , Gribova Varvara , Hardan Louis , Haikel Youssef , Kharouf Naji
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the physicochemical and biological properties of a traditional calcium hydroxide-based cement (Cal) to a novel endodontic material based on calcium silicate strategy in premixed formulation (Bio-C).

Methods

Crystalline structure evaluation and pH analysis were performed at different time periods (3–168 h). Contact angle, surface roughness, solubility and flowability of both materials were also investigated. The antibacterial activity of each material was assessed using a direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis), and the cytotoxicity was performed by using periodontal ligament cells. Statistical analysis was accomplished using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

An alkaline pH was observed in both the tested materials. Higher pH values were attained in Cal compared to Bio-C (p < 0.05). Higher flowability, solubility and wettability were attained for Bio-C compared to Cal (p < 0.05). Crystalline structures were observed on the surface of Bio-C after immersion in PBS (168 h). Cal presented higher antibacterial activity compared to Bio-C against E.faecalis. Only undiluted Bio-C extracts demonstrated slight cytotoxicity, while all the other tested specimens had no cytotoxicity.

Discussion

In conclusion, the novel bioceramic medication might be used as a suitable alternative agent to the traditional calcium hydroxide cements due to its biological and physicochemical properties. However, further studies on the ability of removing Bio-C from root canal are required to determine whether such a temporary bioceramic can ameliorate root canal treatments.
Thyroid dysfunction and sarcopenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wei Jiaxin , Hou Shuanglong , Hei Peng , Wang Gang
Published: September 2024

Objective

Observational studies have shown positive associations between thyroid dysfunction and risk of sarcopenia. However, the causality of this association remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the potential causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and sarcopenia using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

This study collected pooled data from genome-wide association studies focusing on thyroid dysfunction and three sarcopenia-related features: low hand grip strength, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and walking pace, all in individuals of European ancestry. The primary analytical method used was inverse-variance weighted, with weighted median and MR-Egger serving as complementary methods to assess causal effects. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests were also performed, and the stability of the results was evaluated using the Leave-one-out.

Results

The MR analysis indicated that hyperthyroidism could lead to a significant decrease in ALM in the extremities (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.05; P < 0.001). The analysis also found that hypothyroidism could cause a notable reduction in grip strength (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.37 to 3.01; P < 0.001) and walking pace (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.90; P < 0.001). There was a significant association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and a reduced walking pace (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.00; P = 0.041).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism can all increase the risk of sarcopenia.
Spatial and temporal changes and influencing factors of urban ecological efficiency in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Qian-Ming Zhang , Ji-Xia Li
Published: September 2024

The Yellow River Basin serves as a vital ecological shield for China, and enhancing the urban ecological efficiency (UEE) is essential for the region’s ecological civilization and high-quality development. This research employs the slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA), which incorporates undesirable outputs, and the Malmquist index to measure the UEE of 65 cities in the Yellow River basin from 2008 to 2017, described its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics, and utilizes its influencing factors using the Bootstrap truncated regression model. The main findings are as follows. ① The UEE in the Yellow River Basin has seen a steady, albeit low, increase from 2008 to 2017, with notable disparities existed in the upper, middle and lower reaches. Low pure technical efficiency is the main factor limiting the improvement of UEE in the Yellow River Basin. ② Cities with higher ecological efficiency in the Yellow River Basin generally exhibit a spatial distribution pattern of “lower reaches > middle reaches > upper reaches,” and it shows that cities with growing UEE are continuously shifting to the middle and lower reaches. ③ Environmental regulation, scientific and educational investment, economic scale, and greening level significantly promote the improvement of UEE in the Yellow River Basin, but population density and industrial structure lead to a decline in UEE. However, this result is heterogeneous between the upper, middle, and lower reaches, such as environmental regulation hindering the growth of UEE in the upper reaches, scientific and educational investment hindering the improvement of UEE in the downstream areas, and industrial structure significantly enhancing UEE in the midstream areas. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to address ecological challenges and promote sustainable development within the Yellow River Basin, highlighting the need for targeted strategies that consider regional differences and the unique characteristics of each reach.
Parental genetic knowledge and attitudes toward childhood with genetic disorders
Authors: Alotaibi Maha
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Genetics’ integration with society sparks a multifaceted exploration in medicine, ethics, and psychology. This survey probes parental perspectives on childhood genetic disorders, aiming to gauge their understanding, attitudes, and implications. It seeks to inform healthcare, counseling, and policy endeavors by uncovering gaps in knowledge and attitudes. Understanding the psychological impact and familial dynamics of genetic information underscores the need for tailored support services amidst rapid advancements in genetic technologies and their ethical complexities.

Methodology: It is a cross-sectional survey that assesses parental genetic knowledge and attitudes towards childhood genetic disorders. Data is collected by both paper and electronic formats. Data is cleaned in Excel and analyzed in IBM SPSS 29.

Results: Our study included 138 participants, predominantly female (71.7%), with mean age 36.01 years (SD = 8.7). Most were Saudi (81.2%), with university education (65.9%). Notably, 73.2% reported consanguineous marriages. Regarding knowledge, 73.2% demonstrated good understanding of genetic disorders of child. Moreover, 47.8% and 34.1% claimed 40%–60% and 34.1% knowledge levels, respectively. Doctors were the primary information source (79.7%). Participants expressed moderate impact of genetic disorders on their child’s life (65.9%) and family dynamics (45.7%). Satisfaction with medical care was high (41.3% rated it as excellent). Challenges accessing healthcare were reported by 52.9%. Positive experiences with genetic disorders were reported by 62.3%, with male participants more likely to report positive experiences (B = 0.888, p = 0.041). Improvement areas included treatment availability (39.1%) and advanced medical tests (20.3%). Notably, informing relatives about the genetic disease significantly predicted positive attitudes (B = 1.006, p = 0.008). Overall, obtaining information from doctors significantly enhanced knowledge (B = 2.296, p = 0.024).

Conclusion: Our study shows significant associations between parental knowledge, attitudes towards genetic disorders, and healthcare experiences. It underscores the importance of informed decision-making and targeted interventions to address challenges and improve outcomes in managing childhood genetic disorders.
From bench to bedside: an interdisciplinary journey through the gut-lung axis with insights into lung cancer and immunotherapy
Authors: Dora David , Szőcs Emőke , Soós Ádám , Halasy Viktória , Somodi Csenge , Mihucz Anna , Rostás Melinda , Mógor Fruzsina , Lohinai Zoltan , Nagy Nándor
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive review undertakes a multidisciplinary exploration of the gut-lung axis, from the foundational aspects of anatomy, embryology, and histology, through the functional dynamics of pathophysiology, to implications for clinical science. The gut-lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway, is central to understanding the interconnectedness of the gastrointestinal- and respiratory systems, both of which share embryological origins and engage in a continuous immunological crosstalk to maintain homeostasis and defend against external noxa. An essential component of this axis is the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue system (MALT), which orchestrates immune responses across these distant sites. The review delves into the role of the gut microbiome in modulating these interactions, highlighting how microbial dysbiosis and increased gut permeability (“leaky gut”) can precipitate systemic inflammation and exacerbate respiratory conditions. Moreover, we thoroughly present the implication of the axis in oncological practice, particularly in lung cancer development and response to cancer immunotherapies. Our work seeks not only to synthesize current knowledge across the spectrum of science related to the gut-lung axis but also to inspire future interdisciplinary research that bridges gaps between basic science and clinical application. Our ultimate goal was to underscore the importance of a holistic understanding of the gut-lung axis, advocating for an integrated approach to unravel its complexities in human health and disease.
The production, function, and clinical applications of IL-33 in type 2 inflammation-related respiratory diseases
Authors: Gu Shiyao , Wang Ruixuan , Zhang Wantian , Wen Cen , Chen Chunhua , Liu Su , Lei Qian , Zhang Peng , Zeng Si
Published: September 2024

Epithelial-derived IL-33 (Interleukin-33), as a member of alarm signals, is a chemical substance produced under harmful stimuli that can promote innate immunity and activate adaptive immune responses. Type 2 inflammation refers to inflammation primarily mediated by Type 2 helper T cells (Th2), Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), and related cytokines. Type 2 inflammation manifests in various forms in the lungs, with diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) closely associated with Type 2 inflammation. Recent research suggests that IL-33 has a promoting effect on Type 2 inflammation in the lungs and can be regarded as an alarm signal for Type 2 inflammation. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and related targets of IL-33 in the development of lung diseases caused by Type 2 inflammation, and summarizes the associated treatment methods. Analyzing lung diseases from a new perspective through the alarm of Type 2 inflammation helps to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of these related lung diseases. This, in turn, facilitates a better understanding of the latest treatment methods and potential therapeutic targets for diseases, with the expectation that targeting lL-33 can propose new strategies for disease prevention.
Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in inflammatory skin disease: current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Fan Mengjie , Fan Xiaoyao , Lai Yangfan , Chen Jin , Peng Yifan , Peng Yao , Xiang Leihong , Ma Ying
Published: September 2024

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is a class-A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by serine proteases and is expressed by multiple tissues, including the skin. PAR2 is involved in the skin inflammatory response, promoting Th2 inflammation, delaying skin barrier repair, and affecting the differentiation of keratinocytes. It also participates in the transmission of itch and pain sensations in the skin. Increasing evidence indicates that PAR2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases such as acne vulgaris, rosacea, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Additional focus will be placed on potential targeted therapies based on PAR2. The Goal of this review is to outline the emerging effects of PAR2 activation in inflammatory skin disease and highlight the promise of PAR2 modulators.
Enhancing systemic lupus erythematosus care and outcomes through innovative interventions by the rheumatology initiative (tRi) in Ghana
Authors: Dey Dzifa , Bobade Rosetta , Katso Bright , Issaka Saudatu , Charis Angela , Can Tamakloe Abdul Aziz , Narh Padiki
Published: September 2024

Rheumatic diseases like Lupus are complex autoimmune conditions with diverse manifestations presenting challenges for diagnosis and management globally. Access to rheumatology expertise and education varies significantly across different regions, particularly in low-resource settings. These diseases pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including developing countries like Ghana. To address these resource gaps and optimise patient care, innovative solutions must be pursued. The Rheumatology Initiative (tRi) in Ghana aims to improve the understanding, diagnosis, and management of rheumatic conditions through educational activities, research projects, and targeted interventions. This article provides an overview of tRi's initiatives to bridge the rheumatology resource gap, focusing on educational efforts, project targets, and their outcomes, with specific attention to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Ghanaian context. We highlight the progress made by tRi and underscore the importance of continued collaboration and support for rheumatology initiatives in resource-limited settings to improve management and awareness.
Nearshore microbial communities of the Pacific Northwest coasts of Canada and the U.S.
Authors: Rhodes Linda D. , Adams Nicolaus G. , Gallego Simon Ramon , Kavanaugh Maria T. , Alin Simone R. , Feely Richard A.
Published: September 2024

A survey of marine pelagic coastal microbial communities was conducted over a large geographic latitude range, from Cape Mendocino in northern California USA to Queen Charlotte Sound in British Columbia Canada, during the spring to summer transition. DNA metabarcoding and flow cytometry were used to characterize microbial communities. Physical and chemical oceanography indicated moderate conditions during the survey with no widespread upwelling, marine heat wave, or other extreme conditions. However, four locations displayed features approaching acidified conditions: Heceta Head, Newport, Copalis Beach, and Cape Flattery. Although bacterial and archaeal communities at the Juan de Fuca canyon and northward had high similarity, those south of the Juan de Fuca canyon were well differentiated from each other. In contrast, eukaryotic microbial communities exhibited stronger geographic differentiation than bacterial and archaeal communities across the extent of the survey. Seawater parameters that were best predictors of bacterial and archaeal community structure were temperature, pH, and dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silicate), while those that were best predictors of eukaryotic microbial community structure were salinity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrite, silicate). Although five bacterial and archaeal indicators for potentially corrosive waters were identified (Colwellia, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosopelagicus, Sup05 cluster, Sva0996 marine group), no eukaryotic microbial indicators were found. Potentially pathogenic taxa detected in the survey included four disease-causing bacteria for mammals, finfish, and/or shellfish (Coxiella, Flavobacterium, Francisella, Tenacibaculum), sixteen genera of microalgae capable of producing biotoxins, and fifteen parasitic species. This study demonstrates the value of coordinating microbial sampling and analysis with broad-scale oceanographic surveys to generate insights into community structures of these important pelagic trophic levels.
Recognition of feeding sounds of large-mouth black bass based on low-dimensional acoustic features
Authors: Liu Shijing , Liu Shengnan , Qi Renyu , Zheng Haojun , Zhang Jiapeng , Qian Cheng , Liu Huang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The eating sounds of largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides) are primarily categorized into swallowing and chewing sounds, both intensities of which are closely correlated with fish density and feeding desire. Therefore, accurate recognition of these two sounds is of significant importance for studying fish feeding behavior.

Methods

In this study, we propose a method based on low-dimensional acoustic features for the recognition of swallowing and chewing sounds in fish. Initially, utilizing synchronous audio-visual means, we collect feeding sound signals and image signals of largemouth black bass. By analyzing the time-frequency domain features of the sound signals, we identify 15 key acoustic features across four categories including short-time average energy, average Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, power spectral peak, and center frequency. Subsequently, employing nine dimensionality reduction algorithms, we select the Top-6 features from the 15-dimensional acoustic features and compare their precision in recognizing swallowing and chewing sounds using four machine learning models.

Results

Experimental results indicate that supervised feature pre-screening positively enhances the accuracy of largemouth black bass feeding feature recognition. Extracted acoustic features demonstrate global correlation and linear characteristics. When considering feature dimensionality and classification performance, the combination of feature dimensionality reduction and recognition model based on the random forest model exhibits the best performance, achieving an identification accuracy of 98.63%.

Discussion

The proposed method offers higher assessment accuracy of swallowing and chewing sounds with lower computational complexity, thus providing effective technical support for the research on precise feeding technology in fish farming.
Nonlinear regression modeling of swelling characteristics in cracked expansive soil: integrating crack, moisture, density, and load effect
Authors: Yao Junkai , Cai Degou , Su Ke , Yan Hongye
Published: September 2024

Expansive soils, known for their significant volume change with variations in moisture content, are widely distributed around the globe. Due to their swelling properties, expansive soils pose significant engineering challenges, especially in rapidly developing countries like China. This study aims to investigate the swelling mechanisms of expansive soils, focusing on the influence of crack characteristics on swelling behavior. The research methodology includes field investigations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical modeling. By comprehensively considering crack rate, dry density, initial moisture content, and overburden load, a nonlinear regression swelling model is proposed in this research. The degree of crack development in expansive soils is quantitatively characterized by the content of filling materials, leading to the establishment of a crack rate model for expansive soils. Swelling tests on expansive soils with different crack contents were conducted. The results show that the swelling rate is negatively correlated with the initial moisture content and positively correlated with dry density and crack rate. Additionally, the larger the crack rate, the more significant the change in the swelling rate. Furthermore, model validation confirms that this nonlinear regression model accurately describes the relationship between swelling rate and influencing factors. It offers a more precise prediction tool for infrastructure design and maintenance in expansive soil areas, advancing geotechnical engineering practices.
Short-term effects of ophthalmic topical 0.01% atropine on the ocular surface, pupil size, and subsequent subjective quality of vision in young myopic Chinese adults
Authors: Li Mingze , Chen Yimeng , Chen Jiayan , Qin Guanghao , Li Liangzhe , He Wei , Yu Sile , He Xingru , Pazo Emmanuel Eric , Xu Ling
Published: September 2024

Background

Daily use of low concentrations of atropine is recommended for children undergoing myopia control therapy. While the benefits of controlling myopia progression have been confirmed, the potential unwanted side effects on the ocular surface, pupil size, and quality of vision following the administration of 0.01% atropine have not been investigated.

Objective

This single-arm, self-control study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of 0.01% atropine topical eye drop (He Eye Hospital Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China) on pupil size and subjective quality of vision in participants with myopia. Each 3 mL vial of eye drops contains atropine (0.01%), sodium chloride (0.9%), and benzalkonium chloride (0.005%) in an aqueous solution.

Methods

Thirty-three adults (66 eyes) were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants recruited for this study was 24.91 ± 3.36 years. This study is registered with Clinical Trials.gov (NCT06071260). Assessments were performed at baseline and 10 h, 14 h, and 18 h following the administration of 0.01% topical atropine drop (TAD). Mesopic pupil diameter (MPD), photopic pupil diameter (PPD), higher order aberration (HOA), non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), and Redness score (RS). Subjective assessments included the quality of vision (QoV) and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaires.

Results

Following the use of 0.01% atropine, PPD significantly increased at all the time points (p < 0.001); MPD increased significantly at 10 h and 14 h (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). A decrease in TMH and an increase in the OSDI questionnaire scores were observed up to 10 and 14 h, respectively, after using atropine (p < 0.001). Glare (p = 0.004 at 10 h and p = 0.003 at 14 h), blurred vision (p < 0.0001 at 10 h and p = 0.035 at 14 h), and focusing difficulties (p < 0.0001 at 10 h and p < 0.0001 at 14 h) were significantly higher at both 10 h and 14 h after using atropine. No significant changes were observed in the HOA, NITBUT, and RS scores (all p > 0.05) at all time points.

Conclusion

Decreased TMH, dry eye symptoms, and visual symptoms will likely persist overnight but often diminish within 18 h after using 0.01% atropine eye drops.
Diagnostic accuracy of deep learning in detection and prognostication of renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chandramohan Deepak , Garapati Hari Naga , Nangia Udit , Simhadri Prathap K. , Lapsiwala Boney , Jena Nihar K. , Singh Prabhat
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The prevalence of Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing among adults. Histopathologic samples obtained after surgical resection or from biopsies of a renal mass require subtype classification for diagnosis, prognosis, and to determine surveillance. Deep learning in artificial intelligence (AI) and pathomics are rapidly advancing, leading to numerous applications such as histopathological diagnosis. In our meta-analysis, we assessed the pooled diagnostic performances of deep neural network (DNN) frameworks in detecting RCC subtypes and to predicting survival.

Methods

A systematic search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus from inception to November 2023. The random effects model was used to calculate the pooled percentages, mean, and 95% confidence interval. Accuracy was defined as the number of cases identified by AI out of the total number of cases, i.e. (True Positive + True Negative)/(True Positive + True Negative + False Positive + False Negative). The heterogeneity between study-specific estimates was assessed by the I2 statistic. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct and report the analysis.

Results

The search retrieved 347 studies; 13 retrospective studies evaluating 5340 patients were included in the final analysis. The pooled performance of the DNN was as follows: accuracy 92.3% (95% CI: 85.8–95.9; I2 = 98.3%), sensitivity 97.5% (95% CI: 83.2–99.7; I2 = 92%), specificity 89.2% (95% CI: 29.9–99.4; I2 = 99.6%) and area under the curve 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.97.3; I2 = 99.6%). Specifically, their accuracy in RCC subtype detection was 93.5% (95% CI: 88.7–96.3; I2 = 92%), and the accuracy in survival analysis prediction was 81% (95% CI: 67.8–89.6; I2 = 94.4%).

Discussion

The DNN showed excellent pooled diagnostic accuracy rates to classify RCC into subtypes and grade them for prognostic purposes. Further studies are required to establish generalizability and validate these findings on a larger scale.
Chronic exposure to MK-801 leads to olfactory deficits and reduced neurogenesis in the olfactory bulbs of adult male mice
Authors: Sinegubov Artem , Dyachuk Vyacheslav
Published: September 2024

Background

MK-801 is a drug widely used in preclinical studies to model schizophrenia in animals. Its distinctive feature is the ability to mimic pathological changes in social interactions. Unlike humans, rodents rely heavily on their sense of smell for social interaction. Since, as previously demonstrated, it also impairs neurogenesis, we set out to determine whether olfactory impairment is associated with chronic administration of the drug.

Methods

The mice were divided into two groups, of which one was administered the drug for 3 weeks, and the other only once. Olfaction and social transfer of food preferences were tested after the drug administration period. At the end of the experiment, an immunofluorescence study was performed to determine differences in neurogenesis in the olfactory bulbs.

Results

An olfactory deficit was observed in animals that received the drug for 3 weeks. These changes were also accompanied by an abnormal lack of food preference in the social transmission test. As a result of a morphological study, a pronounced decrease in the number of new neurons was found in the olfactory bulbs of the animals that had received the drug.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that at least some of the impairments in social behavior of the animals exposed to NMDA receptor antagonists are likely caused by changes in the sense of smell. These changes are associated with disruptions of neurogenesis.
Long COVID and hypermobility spectrum disorders have shared pathophysiology
Authors: Ganesh Ravindra , Munipalli Bala
Published: September 2024

Hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) are the most common joint hypermobility conditions encountered by physicians, with hypermobile and classical EDS accounting for >90% of all cases. Hypermobility has been detected in up to 30–57% of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), fibromyalgia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and long COVID (LC) compared to the general population. Extrapulmonary symptoms, including musculoskeletal pain, dysautonomia disorders, cognitive disorders, and fatigue, are seen in both LC and HSD. Additionally, ME/CFS has overlapping symptoms with those seen in HSD. Mast cell activation and degranulation occurring in both LC and ME/CFS may result in hyperinflammation and damage to connective tissue in these patients, thereby inducing hypermobility. Persistent inflammation may result in the development or worsening of HSD. Hence, screening for hypermobility and other related conditions including fibromyalgia, POTS, ME/CFS, chronic pain conditions, joint pain, and myalgia is essential for individuals experiencing LC. Pharmacological treatments should be symptom-focused and geared to a patient’s presentation. Paced exercise, massage, yoga, and meditation may also provide benefits.
The influence of recipe disaggregation in dietary assessment: results from the national food consumption survey in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Authors: Crispim Sandra Patricia , Elias Vanessa Cardozo Mendes , Matthew-Duncan Latoya , Francis-Grandeson Isabella , Jean Fransen , de Quadros Victoria Padula , Balcerzak Agnieszka , de Sousa Rita Ferreira , Frauches Ariel de Moraes , Almeida Claudia Choma Bettega , Hutchinson Sharon D. , Charrondière U. Ruth , Holmes Bridget Anna
Published: September 2024

It is not always the case that recipe disaggregation is performed in dietary surveys. This investigation aimed to assess the influence of recipe disaggregation in the 2020–2021 national dietary survey in Saint Kitts and Nevis, and provide recommendations for future assessments. A total of 1,004 individuals provided information on their food consumption obtained using 24-h dietary recalls, and 442 recipes were reported. Some recipes were reported as single ingredients at the data collection stage (n = 65). In most cases, the respondent provided a standard recipe without disaggregation (n = 377). A simple and pragmatic recipe disaggregation methodology was developed. The procedure of recipe disaggregation comprised nine steps, including identifying recipes, ingredients, quantities, conversion factors, and the presence of visible fluid, among others. Seventy-eight non-disaggregated standard recipes were post-disaggregated (21% of recipes) to identify ingredient weights. Either the chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were applied to assess the significance of differences in frequency of food group consumption before and after disaggregation. The proportion of consumers across the different food groups increased dramatically for some food groups after recipe disaggregation, with significant differences (all p < 0.01) for cereals and their products (81.3% before and 94.7% after), eggs and their products (21.7% before and 34.6% after), fats and oils (6.9% before and 44.5% after), fish, shellfish and their products (26.7% before and 38.5% after), meat and meat products (59.7% before and 71.4% after), milk and milk products (30.4% before and 46.1% after), pulses, seeds, nuts and their products (18.6% before and 49.2% after), spices and condiments (34.0% before and 68.5% after, and vegetables and their products (49.9% before and 76.6% after). Consequently, most of the reported intakes in grams were also influenced across all food groups. Recipes are an important source of food consumption, and their disaggregation should be carefully considered in dietary assessment.