bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium/Chiral Diene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Chromones: A Highly Enantioselective Pathway for Accessing Chiral Flavanones.
Authors: He Qijie , So Chau Ming , Bian Zhaoxiang , Hayashi Tamio , Wang Jun
Published: November 2015

The challenging 1,4‐addition of a variety of aryl boronic acids (II) to chromones is realized employing a rhodium complex associated with a chiral diene ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Identifying Solid Luminogens Through Gold‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Alkynes.
Authors: Shaikh Aslam C. , Shalini S. , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan , Mane Manoj V. , Barui Ayan Kumar , Patra Chitta Ranjan , Venkatesh Yeduru , Bangal Prakriti Ranjan , Patil Nitin T.
Published: November 2015

Easily accessible pyrrolo‐quinoxaline embedded coumarins (PQC) represent a new class of fluorescent substances.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Copper‐Mediated Chan—Lam Coupling of 2‐Aminopyridine: Facile Synthesis of N‐Arylpyridin‐2‐amines.
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Natte Kishore , Man Nikki Y. T. , Stewart Scott G. , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: November 2015

The title reaction shows good functional group tolerance but sterically demanding boronic acids such as (IIc) give only low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolin‐6‐ones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Palnati Gopala Reddy , Singh L. Ravithej , Upadhyay Amit , Avula Srinivasa Rao , Kumar Abdhesh , Kant Ruchir
Published: November 2015

The iodine‐catalyzed three‐component one‐pot reaction of 4‐hydroxy coumarin, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic amines under microwave irradiation gives title compounds of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: [3]‐1‐Azadendralenes as Versatile Building Blocks for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Hexahydroquinazolin‐2‐ones and Hexahydrobenzothiazine‐2‐imines.
Authors: Saito Takao , et al.
Published: November 2015

Azatrienes, prepared in situ from aldehydes (I), (XI), and amines, react with isocyanates or isothiocyanates to give the corresponding [4 + 2] cycloadducts with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aminoquinoline‐3‐carboamides and Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolin‐4‐ones Through Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Ying , Guo Xiao‐Jie , Fan Xue‐Sen
Published: November 2015

A new synthetic procedure for the preparation of title compounds (III) and (V) in a simple four component cascade process is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinazolinones from 2‐Arylindoles with Amines or Ammoniums.
Authors: Feng Yadong , Li Yudong , Cheng Guolin , Wang Lianhui , Cui Xiuling
Published: November 2015

This novel synthesis gives an easy access to various substituted quinazolinone derivatives (43 examples) under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Bromocyclization of Allylated Aldoxime Ethers
Authors: Egart Boris , Czekelius Constantin
Published: November 2015

Bromination of O‐allylated aldoxime ethers having a trans substituted allyl group with Br(collidine)2PF6 induces an efficient diastereoselective cyclization to give 5‐bromooxazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acylphosphonates by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Phosphonocarbonylation Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Phosphites.
Authors: Masuda Yusuke , Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro
Published: November 2015

The title reaction demonstrates the first example of the use of phosphorous nucleophiles in related metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(Acetylthio)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl and 4‐(tert‐Butyldisulfanyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl as Protecting Groups for Nucleoside 5′‐Phosphoramidates Derived from L‐Alanine Methyl Ester.
Authors: Sontakke Vyankat A. , Loennberg Harri , Ora Mikko
Published: November 2015

Phosphoramidates (IV) are synthesized by the H‐phosphonate methodology and subsequent oxidative amination with L‐alanine methyl ester.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Glycosylamines.
Authors: Cocaud Chloe , Nicolas Cyril , Bayle Alexandre , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier , Martin Olivier R.
Published: November 2015

The reaction of furanose and pyranose derivatives with optically active sulfinamidine (II) gives the title compounds (III) and (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cycloprodigiosin Identifies the Natural Isolate as a Scalemic Mixture.
Authors: Johnson Rebecca E. , de Rond Tristan , Lindsay Vincent N. G. , Keasling Jay D. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: November 2015

Both enantiomers of cycloprodigiosin are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Carbons: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Typical Applications
Authors: Xin Wang , Song Yonghui
Published: November 2015

Review: 509 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spectroscopy on Heusler Thin Films ‐ A Review
Authors: Wurmehl Sabine , Kohlhepp Juergen T.
Published: November 2015

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of Homoatomic Ligands of Bismuth, Selenium and Tellurium
Authors: Ruck Michael , Locherer Franziska
Published: November 2015

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Symmetry‐Breaking Structural Phase Transitions in Spin Crossover Complexes
Authors: Shatruk Michael , Phan Hoa , Chrisostomo Bruno A. , Suleimenova Akmaral
Published: November 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru(II) Dyads Derived from α‐Oligothiophenes: A New Class of Potent and Versatile Photosensitizers for PDT
Authors: Lilge Lothar , et al.
Published: November 2015

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanides and Actinides: Annual Survey of Their Organometallic Chemistry Covering the Year 2013
Authors: Edelmann Frank T.
Published: November 2015

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Extended Metal‐Carbohydrate Frameworks
Authors: Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: November 2015

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organorhenium Dioxides as Oxygen Transfer Systems: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications
Authors: Harms Reentje G. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: November 2015

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Complexes of Group 13 Element Trihalides, Pentafluorophenyl Derivatives and Lewis Superacids
Authors: Davydova E. I. , Sevastianova T. N. , Timoshkin A. Y.
Published: November 2015

Review: 322 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Clusters with Precise Numbers of Atoms
Authors: Tyo Eric C. , Vajda Stefan
Published: November 2015

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerene Derivatives for Molecular Switch: Recent Advances and Theoretical Insights from the Polarizability
Authors: Sabirov Denis Sh.
Published: November 2015

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Natural Products Containing Spirocarbocycles
Authors: Smith Laura K. , Baxendale Ian R.
Published: November 2015

Review: 204 refs
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Aminoquinoline‐Hybridization en Route Towards the Development of Rationally Designed Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Raj Raghu , Land Kirkwood M. , Kumar Vipan
Published: November 2015

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Expanded Genetic Alphabet
Authors: Malyshev Denis A. , Romesberg Floyd E.
Published: November 2015

Review: 199 refs.
Modellbasierte Untersuchung des Wärmeübergangs in einer induktiv beheizten Wirbelschicht
Authors: Idakiev Vesselin V. , Bück Andreas , Tsotsas Evangelos , Mörl Lothar
Published: November 2015

Eine neue Technologie zur hoch effizienten Erwärmung von Wirbelschichten soll entwickelt werden. Der Energieeintrag in Wirbelschichten kann durch konvektive indirekte Aufheizung des Fluidisierungsmediums oder auch durch Induktion mithilfe von elektrisch leitfähigen Inertpartikeln (z. B. Eisenhohlkugeln) in der fluidisierten Partikelschüttung, auf die über ein Induktionsfeld Energie übertragen wird, erfolgen. Auf der Oberfläche dieser Teilchen wird die Wärme direkt in der Wirbelschicht berührungslos freigesetzt. Die Auswirkung einzelner Parameter wie Schichtmasse, Luftgeschwindigkeit und eingespeiste Induktionsleistung auf die induktive Erwärmung wurde systematisch untersucht. Ein vereinfachtes Wärmeübergangsmodell wurde entwickelt, mit dem gute Übereinstimmungen mit den Messwerten für die Erwärmung und die Abkühlung erzielt werden können.
Squalene in virgin olive oil: Screening of variability in olive cultivars
Authors: Beltrán Gabriel , Bucheli Maria E. , Aguilera Maria P. , Belaj Angjelina , Jimenez Antonio
Published: November 2015

Twenty‐eight olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) from the World Olive Germplasm Collection of IFAPA in Cordoba were studied, analyzing the squalene concentration of their virgin olive oils (VOO). Squalene content ranged from 110 to 839 mg/100 g achieving a mean value for the set of olive cultivars of 502 mg/100 g. The high variability observed could be explained only by the genetic component. Five olive cultivar categories were established for the oil squalene concentration when a Hierachical discriminant analysis was performed. Virgin olive oil can be considered an important source of squalene, it may be used also for characterization and discrimination of monovarietal virgin olive oils.

Practical applications: Squalene content in virgin olive oil has a genetic component. The variability for Squalene content between monovarietal oils can be used to choose the optimal VOO for nutrition studies. Squalene may be used to discriminate virgin olive oil of an olive cultivar from other monovarietal oils.

Virgin Olive Oil squalene content show a significant genetic variability.
5‐Triazolyluracils and Their N1‐Sulfonyl Derivatives: Intriguing Reactivity Differences in the Sulfonation of Triazole N1′‐Substituted and N1′‐Unsubstituted Uracil Molecules
Authors: Saftić Dijana , Vianello Robert , Žinić Biserka
Published: November 2015

We describe the synthesis of novel C5‐triazolyl derived N1‐sulfonylpyrimidines through CuI‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition followed by sulfonylation of the formed C5‐triazolyl derivatives with various sulfonyl chlorides under basic conditions. In the latter step, an intriguing difference in the reactivity of the pyrimidine N1 was observed that depended on the nature of the substituent at a distant triazole N1′ site. The N1′‐unsubstituted compounds gave very small amounts of sulfonylation products, whereas N1′‐substituted systems produced high yields of the respective N1‐sulfonyl‐5‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)uracils. Computational analysis revealed a close correlation between the strength of the employed base catalysts and their abilities to increase the nucleophilicity of the uracil N1 atom through subsequent deprotonation, leading to more products. Following this step, the phosphazene tBu–P4 superbase was applied in the sulfonylation, resulting in exclusive formation of the triazole N1′‐unsubstituted N1‐sulfonylpyrimidines.
Unexpected Squaramide‐Induced Cleavage of Benzils: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono‐Aroyl Squarimides
Authors: Sanna Elena , López Carlos , Ballester Pablo , Rotger Carmen , Costa Antoni
Published: November 2015

We report the reaction of 4,4′‐substituted benzils with squaramides (SQ) affording mono‐squarimides (SQIs). The 1H NMR and X‐ray structures of the SQIs (R = H) revealed the existence of a strong C=O···HN intramolecular hydrogen‐bond motif. The unprecedented reaction between SQs and benzils highlights the difference in reactivity between urea and squaramide units.
Spinel Manganese–Cobalt Oxide on Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Rui , Hu Dengping , Zhang Shule , Zhang Guangyao , Wang Juan , Zhong Qin
Published: November 2015

A nanocomposite of MnCo2O4 and N‐doped carbon nanotubes (MnCo2O4/N–CNT) is successfully synthesized using a relatively easy hydrothermal method. The results show that nitrogen is incorporated into the structure of the carbon nanotubes (N–CNT), and the MnCo2O4 nanoparticles are well‐dispersed on the surfaces of CNTs uniformly. The ORR performance of the as‐synthesized MnCo2O4/N–CNTs composite is measured by electrochemical tests. The results reveal that after the introduction of conductive carbon material into the MnCo2O4 nanoparticles, the MnCo2O4/N–CNTs hybrid exhibits high electrocatalytic activity, long‐term stability, and excellent poisoning resistance under neutral conditions, which is due to the strong coupling effect between the MnCo2O4 nanoparticles and the N‐doped carbon nanotubes. Meanwhile, the incorporation of Mn into the spinel structure of Co3O4 also has a positive impact, outperforming Co3O4/N–CNTs in terms of the redox potential.
Antibiotic resistance and multidrug‐resistant efflux pumps expression in lactic acid bacteria isolated from pozol, a nonalcoholic Mayan maize fermented beverage
Authors: Wacher‐Rodarte Maria del Carmen , Trejo‐Muñúzuri Tanya Paulina , Montiel‐Aguirre Jesús Fernando , Drago‐Serrano Maria Elisa , Gutiérrez‐Lucas Raúl L. , Castañeda‐Sánchez Jorge Ismael , Sainz‐Espuñes Teresita
Published: November 2015

Pozol is a handcrafted nonalcoholic Mayan beverage produced by the spontaneous fermentation of maize dough by lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are carriers of chromosomal encoded multidrug‐resistant efflux pumps genes that can be transferred to pathogens and/or confer resistance to compounds released during the fermentation process causing food spoiling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic sensibility and the transcriptional expression of ABC‐type efflux pumps in LAB isolated from pozol that contributes to multidrug resistance. Analysis of LAB and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus ATCC 29213 and ATCC 6538 control strains to antibiotic susceptibility, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) to ethidium bromide were based in “standard methods” whereas the ethidium bromide efflux assay was done by fluorometric assay. Transcriptional expression of efflux pumps was analyzed by RT‐PCR. LAB showed antibiotic multiresistance profiles, moreover, Lactococcus (L.) lactis and Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum displayed higher ethidium bromide efflux phenotype than S. aureus control strains. Ethidium bromide resistance and ethidium bromide efflux phenotypes were unrelated with the overexpression of lmrD in L. lactics, or the underexpression of lmrA in L. plantarum and norA in S. aureus. These findings suggest that, moreover, the analyzed efflux pumps genes, other unknown redundant mechanisms may underlie the antibiotic resistance and the ethidium bromide efflux phenotype in L. lactis and L. plantarum. Phenotypic and molecular drug multiresistance assessment in LAB may improve a better selection of the fermentation starter cultures used in pozol, and to control the antibiotic resistance widespread and food spoiling for health safety.
Association of homocysteine level and vascular burden and cognitive function in middle‐aged and older adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yeh Yi‐Chun , Huang Mei‐Feng , Hwang Shang‐Jyh , Tsai Jer‐Chia , Liu Tai‐Ling , Hsiao Shih‐Ming , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Kuo Mei‐Chuan , Chen Cheng‐Sheng
Published: November 2015

Objectives

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been found to have cognitive impairment. However, the core features and clinical correlates of cognitive impairment are still unclear. Elevated homocysteine levels are present in CKD, and this is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and vascular diseases in the general population. Thus, this study investigated the core domains of cognitive impairment and investigated the associations of homocysteine level and vascular burden with cognitive function in patients with CKD.

Methods

Patients with CKD aged ≥ 50 years and age‐ and sex‐matched normal comparisons were enrolled. The total fasting serum homocysteine level was measured. Vascular burden was assessed using the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using comprehensive neuropsychological tests.

Results

A total of 230 patients with CKD and 92 comparisons completed the study. Memory impairment and executive dysfunction were identified as core features of cognitive impairment in the CKD patients. Among the patients with CKD, higher serum homocysteine levels (β = −0.17, p = 0.035) and higher Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Scale scores (β = −0.18, p = 0.013) were correlated with poor executive function independently. However, an association with memory function was not noted. Our results showed that an elevated homocysteine level and an increased vascular burden were independently associated with executive function, but not memory, in CKD patients.

Conclusions

This findings suggested the co‐existence of vascular and non‐vascular hypotheses regarding executive dysfunction in CKD patients. Meanwhile, other risk factors related to CKD itself should be investigated in the future. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting Social Transfer Programmes: Comparing Design and Implementation Errors Across Alternative Mechanisms
Authors: Sabates‐Wheeler Rachel , Hurrell Alex , Devereux Stephen
Published: November 2015

An innovative cash transfer programme in northern Kenya is the first of its kind to trial three targeting mechanisms to learn about which approach is most effective at identifying the poorest households while minimising inclusion and exclusion errors. Analysing data collected through a randomised controlled trial, we conclude that community‐based targeting is the most accurate of the three approaches, followed by categorical targeting by age and household dependency ratio. However, targeting performance is strongly affected by implementation capacity and modalities. Through a simulation exercise, we show that a proxy means test would have performed better than single categorical indicators. © 2015 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrapreconcentration and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water by solid‐phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Chen Junhua , Zhou Guangming , Deng Yongli , Cheng Hongmei , Shen Jie , Gao Yi , Peng Guilong
Published: November 2015

Solid‐phase extraction coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed as an ultra‐preconcentration method for the determination of four organophosphorus pesticides (isocarbophos, parathion‐methyl, triazophos and fenitrothion) in water samples. The analytes considered in this study were rapidly extracted and concentrated from large volumes of aqueous solutions (100 mL) by solid‐phase extraction coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Experimental variables including type and volume of elution solvent, volume and flow rate of sample solution, salt concentration, type and volume of extraction solvent and sample solution pH were investigated for the solid‐phase extraction coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with these analytes, and the best results were obtained using methanol as eluent and ethylene chloride as extraction solvent. Under the optimal conditions, an exhaustive extraction for four analytes (recoveries >86.9%) and high enrichment factors were attained. The limits of detection were between 0.021 and 0.15 μg/L. The relative standard deviations for 0.5 μg/L of the pesticides in water were in the range of 1.9–6.8% (n = 5). The proposed strategy offered the advantages of simple operation, high enrichment factor and sensitivity and was successfully applied to the determination of four organophosphorus pesticides in water samples.
Age of Trauma Onset and HPA Axis Dysregulation Among Trauma‐Exposed Youth
Authors: Kuhlman Kate Ryan , Vargas Ivan , Geiss Elisa G. , Lopez‐Duran Nestor L.
Published: November 2015

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) is a pathway through which childhood trauma may increase risk for negative health outcomes. The HPA axis is sensitive to stress throughout development; however, few studies have examined whether timing of exposure to childhood trauma is related to differences in later HPA axis functioning. Therefore, we examined the association between age of first trauma and HPA axis functioning among adolescents, and whether these associations varied by sex. Parents of 97 youth (aged 9–16 years) completed the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI), and youth completed the Socially‐Evaluated Cold‐Pressor Task (SECPT). We measured salivary cortisol response to the SECPT, the cortisol awakening response, and diurnal regulation at home across 2 consecutive weekdays. Exposure to trauma during infancy related to delayed cortisol recovery from peak responses to acute stress, d = 0.23 to 0.42. Timing of trauma exposure related to diverging patterns of diurnal cortisol regulation for males, d = 0.55, and females, d = 0.57. Therefore, the HPA axis may be susceptible to developing acute stress dysregulation when exposed to trauma during infancy, whereas the consequences within circadian cortisol regulation may occur in the context of later trauma exposure and vary by sex. Further investigations are warranted to characterize HPA axis sensitivity to exposure to childhood trauma across child development.
Polynomials associated with a functional product of the Hermite type
Authors: Rajković Predrag , Hinterleitner Franz , Marinković Sladjana
Published: November 2015

We have found the motivation for this paper in the research of a quantized closed Friedmann cosmological model. There, the second‐order linear ordinary differential equation emerges as a wave equation for the physical state functions. Studying the polynomial solutions of this equation, we define a new functional product in the space of real polynomials. This product includes the indexed weight functions which depend on the degrees of participating polynomials. Although it does not have all of the properties of an inner product, a unique sequence of polynomials can be associated with it by an additional condition. In the special case presented here, we consider the Hermite‐type weight functions and prove that the associated polynomial sequence can be expressed in the closed form via the Hermite polynomials. Also, we find their Rodrigues‐type formula and a four‐term recurrence relation. In contrast to the zeros of Hermite polynomials, which are symmetrically located with respect to the origin, the zeros of the new polynomial sequence are all positive. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic models of chemotaxis towards the diffusive limit: asymptotic analysis
Authors: Bellouquid Abdelghani , Chouhad Nadia
Published: November 2015

The paper is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of a kinetic model describing chemotaxis phenomena. Our interest focuses on the case, where the diffusion part dominates the chemotaxis part in the limit. More in detail, we prove that the solution of kinetic model exists globally and converges to a solution of diffusive limit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence of ground state solutions for asymptotically linear Schrödinger–Poisson systems
Authors: Du Miao , Zhang Fubao , Tian Lixin
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we study the following Schrödinger–Poisson system:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3777:mma3777-math-0001
where λ > 0 is a parameter,
with 2≤p≤+∞, and the function f(x,s) may not be superlinear in s near zero and is asymptotically linear with respect to s at infinity. Under certain assumptions on V, K, and f, we give the existence and nonexistence results via variational methods. More precisely, when p∈[2,+∞), we obtain that system (SP) has a positive ground state solution for λ small; when p =+ ∞, we prove that system (SP) has a positive solution for λ small and has no any nontrivial solution for λ large. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local and global existence of solutions to a quasilinear degenerate chemotaxis system with unbounded initial data
Authors: Yokota Tomomi , Yoshino Noriaki
Published: November 2015

This paper is concerned with local and global existence of solutions to the parabolic‐elliptic chemotaxis system
. Marinoschi (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2013; 402:415–439) established an abstract approach using nonlinear m‐accretive operators to giving existence of local solutions to this system when 0 < D0≤D′(r)≤D∞<∞ and (r1,r2)↦K(r1,r2)r1 is Lipschitz continuous on
, provided that the initial data is assumed to be small. The smallness assumption on the initial data was recently removed (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2014; 419:756–774). However the case of non‐Lipschitz and degenerate diffusion, such as D(r) = rm(m > 1), is left incomplete. This paper presents the local and global solvability of the system with non‐Lipschitz and degenerate diffusion by applying (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2013; 402:415–439) and (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 2014; 419:756–774) to an approximate system. In particular, the result in the present paper does not require any properties of boundedness, smoothness and radial symmetry of initial data. This makes it difficult to deal with nonlinearity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures based on the higher‐order beam theory
Authors: Kim Do‐Min , Kim Suh In , Choi Soomin , Jang Gang‐Won , Kim Yoon Young
Published: November 2015

The investigation aims to formulate ground‐structure based topology optimization approach by using a higher‐order beam theory suitable for thin‐walled box beam structures. While earlier studies use the Timoshenko or Euler beams to form a ground‐structure, they are not suitable for a structure consisting of thin‐walled closed beams. The higher‐order beam theory takes into an additional account sectional deformations of a thin‐walled box beam such as warping and distortion. Therefore, a method to connect ground beams at a joint and a technique to represent different joint connectivity states should be investigated for streamlined topology optimization. Several numerical case studies involving different loading and boundary conditions are considered to show the effectiveness of employing a higher‐order beam theory for the ground‐structure based topology optimization of thin‐walled box beam structures. Through the numerical results, this work shows significant difference between optimized beam layouts based on the Timoshenko beam theory and those based on a more accurate higher‐order beam theory for a structure consisting of thin‐walled box beams. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐level domain decomposition method with accurate interface conditions for the Helmholtz problem
Authors: Astaneh Ali Vaziri , Guddati Murthy N.
Published: November 2015

A new and efficient two‐level, non‐overlapping domain decomposition (DD) method is developed for the Helmholtz equation in the two Lagrange multiplier framework. The transmission conditions are designed by utilizing perfectly matched discrete layers (PMDLs), which are a more accurate representation of the exterior Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann map than the polynomial approximations used in the optimized Schwarz method. Another important ingredient affecting the convergence of a DD method, namely, the coarse space augmentation, is also revisited. Specifically, the widely successful approach based on plane waves is modified to that based on interface waves, defined directly on the subdomain boundaries, hence ensuring linear independence and facilitating the estimation of the optimal size for the coarse problem. The effectiveness of both PMDL‐based transmission conditions and interface‐wave‐based coarse space augmentation is illustrated with an array of numerical experiments that include comprehensive scalability studies with respect to frequency, mesh size and the number of subdomains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of silicon bulk lifetime during III–V‐on‐Si multijunction solar cell epitaxial growth
Authors: García‐Tabarés Elisa , Carlin John A. , Grassman Tyler J. , Martín Diego , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio , Ringel Steven A.
Published: November 2015

The evolution of Si bulk minority carrier lifetime during the heteroepitaxial growth of III–V on Si multijunction solar cell structures via metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been analyzed. In particular, the impact on Si lifetime resulting from the four distinct phases within the overall MOCVD‐based III–V/Si growth process were studied: (1) the Si homoepitaxial emitter/cap layer; (2) GaP heteroepitaxial nucleation; (3) bulk GaP film growth; and (4) thick GaAsyP1‐y compositionally graded metamorphic buffer growth. During Phase 1 (Si homoepitaxy), an approximately two order of magnitude reduction in the Si minority carrier lifetime was observed, from about 450 to ≤1 µs. However, following the GaP nucleation (Phase 2) and thicker film (Phase 3) growths, the lifetime was found to increase by about an order of magnitude. The thick GaAsyP1‐y graded buffer was then found to provide further recovery back to around the initial starting value. The most likely general mechanism behind the observed lifetime evolution is as follows: lifetime degradation during Si homoepitaxy because of the formation of thermally induced defects within the Si bulk, with subsequent lifetime recovery due to passivation by fast‐diffusing atomic hydrogen coming from precursor pyrolysis, especially the group‐V hydrides (PH3, AsH3), during the III–V growth. These results indicate that the MOCVD growth methodology used to create these target III–V/Si solar cell structures has a substantial and dynamic impact on the minority carrier lifetime within the Si substrate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐proteomics with iterative data analysis: Proteome analysis in C. elegans at the single worm level
Authors: Bensaddek Dalila , Narayan Vikram , Nicolas Armel , Brenes Murillo Alejandro , Gartner Anton , Kenyon Cynthia J. , Lamond Angus I.
Published: November 2015

Proteomics studies typically analyze proteins at a population level, using extracts prepared from tens of thousands to millions of cells. The resulting measurements correspond to average values across the cell population and can mask considerable variation in protein expression and function between individual cells or organisms. Here, we report the development of micro‐proteomics for the analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans, a eukaryote composed of 959 somatic cells and ∼1500 germ cells, measuring the worm proteome at a single organism level to a depth of ∼3000 proteins. This includes detection of proteins across a wide dynamic range of expression levels (>6 orders of magnitude), including many chromatin‐associated factors involved in chromosome structure and gene regulation. We apply the micro‐proteomics workflow to measure the global proteome response to heat‐shock in individual nematodes. This shows variation between individual animals in the magnitude of proteome response following heat‐shock, including variable induction of heat‐shock proteins. The micro‐proteomics pipeline thus facilitates the investigation of stochastic variation in protein expression between individuals within an isogenic population of C. elegans. All data described in this study are available online via the Encyclopedia of Proteome Dynamics (http://www.peptracker.com/epd), an open access, searchable database resource.
Proteomics of cell–cell interactions in health and disease
Authors: Lindoso Rafael S. , Sandim Vanessa , Collino Federica , Carvalho Adriana B. , Dias Juliana , da Costa Milene R. , Zingali Russolina B. , Vieyra Adalberto
Published: November 2015

The mechanisms of cell–cell communications are now under intense study by proteomic approaches. Proteomics has unraveled changes in protein profiling as the result of cell interactions mediated by ligand/receptor, hormones, soluble factors, and the content of extracellular vesicles. Besides being a brief overview of the main and profitable methodologies now available (evaluating theory behind the methods, their usefulness, and pitfalls), this review focuses on—from a proteome perspective—some signaling pathways and post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which are essential for understanding ischemic lesions and their recovery in two vital organs in mammals, the heart, and the kidney. Knowledge of misdirection of the proteome during tissue recovery, such as represented by the convergence between fibrosis and cancer, emerges as an important tool in prognosis. Proteomics of cell–cell interaction is also especially useful for understanding how stem cells interact in injured tissues, anticipating clues for rational therapeutic interventions. In the effervescent field of induced pluripotency and cell reprogramming, proteomic studies have shown what proteins from specialized cells contribute to the recovery of infarcted tissues. Overall, we conclude that proteomics is at the forefront in helping us to understand the mechanisms that underpin prevalent pathological processes.
Modular polymer biosensors by solvent immersion imprint lithography
Authors: Moore Jayven S. , Xantheas Sotiris S. , Grate Jay W. , Wietsma Thomas W. , Gratton Enrico , Vasdekis Andreas E.
Published: November 2015

We recently demonstrated Solvent Immersion Imprint Lithography (SIIL), a rapid benchtop microsystem prototyping technique, including polymer functionalization, imprinting and bonding. Here, we focus on the realization of planar polymer sensors using SIIL through simple solvent immersion without imprinting. We describe SIIL's impregnation characteristics, including an inherent mechanism that not only achieves practical doping concentrations, but their unexpected 2‐fold enhancement compared to the immersion solution. Subsequently, we developed and characterized optical sensors for detecting molecular O2. To this end, a substantially high dynamic range is reported, including its control through the immersion duration, a manifestation of SIIL's modularity. Overall, SIIL exhibits the potential of improving the operating characteristics of polymer sensors, while significantly accelerating their prototyping, as it requires a few seconds of processing and no need for substrates or dedicated instrumentation. These are critical for O2 sensing as probed by way of example here, as well as any polymer permeable reactant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 98–103
Fatalism, medical mistrust, and pretreatment health‐related quality of life in ethnically diverse prostate cancer patients
Authors: Bustillo Natalie Escobio , McGinty Heather L. , Dahn Jason R. , Yanez Betina , Antoni Michael H. , Kava Bruce R. , Penedo Frank J.
Published: November 2015

Objective

Few studies have examined the impact of cultural processes prevalent in minority ethnic groups such as cancer fatalism and medical mistrust on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) following a cancer diagnosis. The present study examined relationships among ethnicity, HRQoL, and two possible cultural vulnerability factors—fatalistic attitudes and medical mistrust—among an ethnically diverse sample of men with prostate cancer (PC) prior to undergoing active treatment.

Methods

A total of 268 men with localized PC (30% African American, 29% Hispanic, and 41% non‐Hispanic White) were assessed cross‐sectionally prior to active treatment. Path analyses examined relationships among ethnicity, vulnerability factors, and HRQoL.

Results

Ethnicity was not related to HRQoL after controlling for relevant covariates. Hispanic men reported greater cancer fatalism compared with non‐Hispanic White men (β = 0.15, p = 0.03), and both Hispanics (β = 0.19, p < 0.01) and African Americans (β = 0.20, p < 0.01) reported greater medical mistrust than non‐Hispanic Whites. Fatalism demonstrated a trend toward negatively impacting physical well‐being (β = −0.12, p = 0.06), but was not significantly related to emotional well‐being (β = −0.10, p = 0.11). Greater medical mistrust was associated with poorer physical (β = −0.14, p = 0.03) and emotional well‐being (β = −0.13, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Results indicate that fatalistic attitudes and medical system mistrust were more prevalent among minority men. Less trust in the medical system was associated with poorer physical and emotional well‐being. Attention to perceptions of the healthcare system and its relation to HRQoL may have implications for targeting culturally driven attitudes that may compromise adjustment to a PC diagnosis.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Germline copy number variation analysis in Finnish families with hereditary prostate cancer
Authors: Laitinen Virpi H. , Akinrinade Oyediran , Rantapero Tommi , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Wahlfors Tiina , Schleutker Johanna
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

The inherited factors that predispose individuals to prostate cancer (PrCa) remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify germline copy number variants (CNVs) in Finnish individuals that could contribute to an increased PrCa risk.

METHODS

Genome‐wide CNV screening was performed by analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms from 105 PrCa patients and 37 unaffected relatives, representing 31 Finnish hereditary PrCa (HPC) families. The CNVs that aggregated in affected individuals and overlapped with genes implicated in cancer were validated using quantitative PCR in 189 index patients from Finnish HPC families and in 476 controls.

RESULTS

An intronic deletion (14.7 kb) in the EPHA3 gene coding for class A ephrin receptor was observed in 11.6% of PrCa patients and in 6.1% of controls. The deletion associated with an increased PrCa risk (P = 0.018, OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.18–3.61). Although incomplete segregation with affection status was observed, the results show that the deletion was overrepresented in PrCa patients (56.1%) when compared to unaffected male relatives (31.2%). Interestingly, PrCa‐specific mortality was higher among EPHA3 deletion carriers (24.3%) than among patients with a normal EPHA3 copy number (3.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

This study is the first investigation of the contribution of germline CNVs to HPC susceptibility in Finland. A novel association between the EPHA3 deletion and PrCa risk was observed and, if confirmed, screening for this variant may aid in risk stratification among HPC patients. Prostate 76:316–324, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of a large‐volume injection method for compound‐specific isotope analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds at trace concentrations
Authors: Blessing Michaela , Jochmann Maik A. , Haderlein Stefan B. , Schmidt Torsten C.
Published: November 2015

Rationale

Compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of persistent organic contaminants can be used for source apportioning in the environment if appropriate sensitivity can be achieved. This paper describes the optimization and validation of a sensitive analytical approach for the determination of the carbon isotope composition of semi‐volatile organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Methods

Analyses are based on the introduction of up to 150 μL of organic extracts by means of programmed temperature vaporization–large‐volume injection combined with gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (PTV‐LVI‐GC/IRMS). To allow for the analysis of more volatile, low‐molecular‐weight PAHs, the PTV injector was equipped with a sub‐ambient/cryogenic cooling. Accuracy, precision, linearity and determination limits for application in isotope analysis were evaluated for a set of individual PAHs ranging from two‐ to five‐ring molecular structures. The method was exemplified by determining the δ13C values of individual PAHs in soil samples in a source apportionment study at a contaminated site.

Results

The choice of PTV injection parameters is crucial to prevent isotope fractionation during injection and largely depends on the analytes to be determined. The observed isotope fractionation effect on semi‐volatiles depends on the applied solvent and injection temperature and demonstrates the importance of performing appropriate tests with given PTV parameters for each of the compounds of interest. The proposed PTV‐LVI‐GC/IRMS method allows the carbon isotope ratio (δ13C value) of individual PAHs to be determined accurately and precisely at concentrations of 0.04–0.1 ng μL−1 even for volatile PAHs such as naphthalene or acenaphthene.

Conclusions

LVI with PTV injector cooling allows for the isotopic analysis of volatile and semi‐volatile PAHs at trace concentrations, thus considerably expanding the applicability of CSIA in environmental studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
$L^2$-contraction for shock waves of scalar viscous conservation laws
Authors: Kang Moon-Jin , Vasseur Alexis F.
Published: November 2015

We consider the

L^{2}

-contraction up to a shift for viscous shocks of scalar viscous conservation laws with strictly convex fluxes in one space dimension. In the case of a flux which is a small perturbation of the quadratic Burgers flux, we show that any viscous shock induces a contraction in

L^{2}

, up to a shift. That is, the

L^{2}

norm of the difference of any solution of the viscous conservation law, with an appropriate shift of the shock wave, does not increase in time. If, in addition, the difference between the initial value of the solution and the shock wave is also bounded in

L^{1}

, the

L^{2}

norm of the difference converges at the optimal rate

t^{−1/ 4}

. Both results do not involve any smallness condition on the initial value, nor on the size of the shock. In this context of small perturbations of the quadratic Burgers flux, the result improves the Choi and Vasseur's result in [7]. However, we show that the

L^{2}

-contraction up to a shift does not hold for every convex flux. We construct a smooth strictly convex flux, for which the

L^{2}

-contraction does not hold any more even along any Lipschitz shift.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐431 inhibits migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting the ZEB1‐mediated epithelial–mensenchymal transition
Authors: Sun Kexin , Zeng Tiancai , Huang Dong , Liu Zizhong , Huang Shang , Liu Jiong , Qu Zhenfan
Published: November 2015

MicroRNA‐431 (miR‐431) has been recognized as an oncogenic miRNA, being implicated in the initiation and development of human cancers. Recently, deregulation of miR‐431 has been reported in several tumors. However, the clinical significance of miR‐431 and its underlying role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly explored. Herein, we found that miR‐431 expression was reduced in HCC tissues compared to noncancerous tissues. Otherwise, down‐regulation of miR‐431 was observed in aggressive tumor tissues. The levels of miR‐431 expression in HCC cell lines were significantly lower than that in a nontransformed hepatic cell line. Clinical association analyses disclosed that a low level of miR‐431 was prominently associated with poor prognostic features of HCC including venous infiltration, high Edmondson–Steiner grading and advanced tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) tumor stage. Our in vitro studies showed that up‐regulation of miR‐431 expression reduced cell invasion and migration in HCCLM3 cells. In contrast, down‐regulation of miR‐431 expression promoted SMMC‐7721 cell invasion and migration. We found that up‐regulation of miR‐431 expression decreased zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) expression and inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) with increased E‐cadherin expression and decreased vimentin expression in HCCLM3 cells. Otherwise, down‐regulation of miR‐431 expression increased ZEB1 expression and promoted EMT in SMMC‐7721 cells. Significantly, ZEB1 was identified as a target of miR‐431 in HCC. ZEB1 knockdown abrogated the effect of miR‐431 silencing on EMT and cell mobility in SMMC‐7721 cells. In conclusion, miR‐431 inhibits migration and invasion of HCC cells by suppressing ZEB1‐mediated EMT.
Early development of the fetal central sulcus on 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Haidong , Zhang Zhonghe , Yin Xuntao , Zhan Jinfeng , Zhao Zhenmei , Tang Yuchun , Liu Chao , Liu Shuwei , Zhong Shizhen
Published: November 2015

In the previous studies, the criterion for deciding the occurrence time of the fetal central sulcus (CS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the observation by the eyes. There have been no existing quantitative standards or numerical criteria in this field. In this study, we reconstructed the three‐dimension (3D) images of the fetal brain based on the 7.0T MR images of 45 Chinese fetal specimens from the 11 to 22 weeks of gestational age (GA). Then we obtained data by measuring the maximum depth and length of the CS so as to analyze the early developmental pattern of it. These measures, especially CS depth, can be used to quantitatively determine the time of emergence of the fetal CS during the development. Statistics show that there are no gender or interhemispheric asymmetries of the CS from GA of 11 to 22 weeks.
A study of an influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 outbreak in pregnant women in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Agrawal Abhishek , Agarwal Sujata , Kumar Vinay , Nawal Chuttan L. , Mital Pradeep , Chejara Radheyshyam
Published: November 2015

Objectives

To describe the clinical and epidemiological factors of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09‐infected patients who were pregnant or in the puerperal period during a recent influenza outbreak in Rajasthan, India.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study was performed using hospital records of individuals with confirmed influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection admitted to a large tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India, between January 1 and March 15, 2015.

Results

The study cohort included 44 patients who were pregnant or in the puerperal period. The mean age was significantly lower in the study cohort than in other female patients treated for influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection at the hospital during the study period (25.45 ± 3.45 years vs 40.46 ± 13.99 years; P < 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in the study cohort than in the comparison female patients (36% vs 17%; P = 0.003). Factors found to be associated with mortality were delayed initiation of oseltamivir, poor oxygen saturation at admission, and more than 50% lung involvement under radiographic examination. None of the patients in the study cohort had received a vaccination against seasonal influenza.

Conclusion

Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection during pregnancy causes more severe illness. Early recognition and timely administration of antiviral therapy can improve outcomes. The role of influenza vaccination in this high‐risk population cannot be overemphasized.
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Segmenting Consumers by Facebook Profile Images
Authors: Vilnai-Yavetz Iris , Tifferet Sigal
Published: November 2015

Conventional segmentation efforts usually focus on verbal or behavioral data while ignoring visual cues, which play a significant role in impression management. Drawing on theoretical work regarding motivations for impression management (need to belong and need for self-promotion), we propose that Facebook users differ from each other in the composition of visual elements they portray in their Facebook profile photos (PPs), and thus can be segmented based on this composition. In this exploratory study we present a methodological proof of concept for the visual segmentation of Facebook users. Using a randomly selected international sample of 500 Facebook accounts, we analyze data implicit in PPs and identify visual cues relevant to virtual impression management. Using these cues we segment users into types, and relate the types to demographics, Facebook usage, and brand engagement as reflected in the Facebook profile. At the theoretical level, the findings suggest that the current accepted motivations for Facebook impression management (need to belong and need for self-promotion) should be expanded to include a third motivation, need for self-expression. At the practical level, the findings demonstrate the utility of visual segmentation, which can later be implemented using computerized systems.