bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear and tensile bond strengths of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry with different mortar mixtures and thicknesses
Authors: Tandon Raghav , Maharjan Sanjeev , Gautam Suraj
Published: May 2021

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks are commonly used for masonry walls. In order to understand the strength of AAC masonry, it is essential to assess the tensile and shear bond strengths of the AAC block-mortar interface for various mortar combinations. This research investigates the bond strength of AAC block mortar interface made up of a) polymer modified mortar (PMM) and b) ordinary cement sand mortar of 1:4 or 1:6 ratio with thickness of 10mm, 15mm or 20mm. A thin cement slurry coating was applied on the block surface before placing the cement sand mortar in the masonry. For all types of interface, shear bond strength of masonry was studied using a triplet test, while the tensile bond strength was determined through a cross-couplet test. Among the cement sand mortar used in this study, cement sand mortar of ratio 1:4 and thickness 15mm showed the maximum shear strength of 0.13MPa with the failure of blocks as the predominant failure while the PMM had shear bond strength of 0.12MPa with the failure of blocks as the predominant failure type. However, in case of the tensile bond strength testing, PMM showed the tensile bond strength of 0.19MPa, which was highest among all the test specimens used in this study. Considering both the tensile and shear bond strengths of the AAC masonry and based on the observed failure pattern, among all the combinations used in the experiment, either PMM or cement-sand mortar of ratio 1:4 and thickness of 15mm can be chosen for the AAC masonry.
A comparative study of structural parameters of a RCC T-girder bridge using loading pattern from different codes
Authors: Sigdel Sulav
Published: May 2021

Nepal is an under-developed country; it is on the threshold of becoming a developing country. With new highways and railroad projects launching, construction of bridges is likely to increase. Bridges improve connectivity across the country and provide support to the country's overall economic growth. While designing a bridge, concrete properties, reinforcement properties, superstructure and substructure sections, traffic movements and loading conditions are specified. Bridges in Nepal are designed based on criteria enumerated by Indian Road Congress (IRC) code provisions. But, there are different bridge design codes used by different countries. Although these provisions follow the same basic principles, they may yield different results. The study on various structural parameters' variation is significant while selecting the code provision for the design and analysis of the bridge. In this study, a T-Girder Bridge is considered and is modelled and analyzed by vehicular loading patterns from IRC Codal Provision, AASHTO Codal Provision, and Chinese Codal Provision. This study uses CSiBridge computer software to perform the analysis.
Analyzing effectiveness of active learning through project-based learning approach in university level ICT courses
Authors: Shrestha Dhiraj , Lohani Satyendra Nath , Adhikari Roshan Manjushree
Published: May 2021

The concept of Active Learning (AL), which has journeyed through multiple research studies over the years, is an important part of the teaching learning process at academic institutions. The present study applies active learning via project-based approaches where students engage in real life projects and solve associated complications with their research, communication, and technical skills. As a case study of effectiveness of project-based learning (PBL), especially in engineering project contexts, the present research is conducted among students studying computer science and engineering at Kathmandu University (KU), Nepal. The key findings of the study suggest that PBL assignments have helped students in their active learning processes. This paper also compares teaching and learning approaches of KU with other IT institutions of Nepal.
Influence of structural irregularities on seismic performance of RC frame buildings
Authors: Ghimire Krishna , Chaulagain Hemchandra
Published: May 2021

Irregular building structure is frequently constructed across the globe for fulfilling aesthetic as well as functional requirements. The structures with irregularities are the common building type in earthquake-prone country like Nepal. However, a post-earthquake reconnaissance survey reports revealed the high seismic vulnerability of the building with structural irregularities. In this context, the present study explores the influence of structural irregularities on performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure. To this end, the structural irregularities are created in in the building structures. The geometrical irregularities are created by removing the bays in different floor levels. Likewise, the effect due to mass irregularities are studied by considering the swimming pool and game house at different floor levels. Furthermore, the stiffness irregularities are formulated by removing the building columns at different sections. All these irregularities are studied analytically in finite element program with 3-D structural models. The numerical analysis is done with non-linear static pushover and time history analysis. The results are analyzed in terms of fundamental time period, storey shear, storey displacement, drift and overturning moment. The results indicate that the level of irregularities significantly influenced the behavior of structures.
Numerical modelling of the sand particle flow in pelton turbine injector
Authors: Bajracharya Tri Ratna , Shrestha Rajendra , Timilsina Ashesh Babu
Published: May 2021

Pelton turbine is commonly employed high head impulse type turbine. Pelton turbine injector is an integrated part of the Pelton turbine machine which serves the purpose of converting entire pressure energy of water to kinetic energy and also regulates the water flowrate, with partial opening hence governing the power production. Severe erosion in Pelton turbine injector is reported from field setting research studies. Since the jet is atmospheric pressure jet, there is few chances of occurrence of cavitation hence it can be understood that impact of sand particles is the major cause of erosion. Furthermore, with turbine operating in partial flow condition, more erosion is reported in the needle of injector. For a long spear type injector, this study explores the cause of erosion by modeling the motion of the sand particle flow in steady state jet. For numerical modeling of the flow, the realizable k-epsilon model is used and for modeling the particle flow, the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is used. Three different operating condition of the injector is considered and 77000 particles were injected to the flow domain. It is observed from the numerical simulations that the more sand particle hits the nozzle-needle surface with partial opening of the injector.
A study on FTTH implementation and migration in Nepal
Authors: Khatiwoda Naba Raj , Dawadi Babu R
Published: May 2021

The increasing demand of high speed data results into extensive enhancement on different telecommunication technologies through wireline and wireless technologies. Optical Fiber technology is being popular for fixed broadband technologies and for backhaul network data for network convergence and media device interaction. Fiber to the home (FTTH) is gaining momentum of deployments in many countries all around the world. Passive optical network (PON) utilizes point to multipoint (P2MP) topology and is becoming suitable, cost effective, and promising solutions as compared to existing copper based telecommunication infrastructure. PON architecture is cheaper than other architectures due to dynamic bandwidth allocation and common resources that can be used by different subscribers and especially for home subscribers. This paper presents a study on the effective deployment of PON based FTTH network at Nepal by referring the deployment scenario of Nepal Telecom (NT), while this network design, deployment, and implementation provides a lesson learn for cost effective deployment of such network to other stakeholders of developing countries having similar territory and implementation challenges.
Tsunami level disaster based on simulation scenario of earthquake modeling and seismicity in South Bali 2010-2018
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Yuliara I Made , Riandhita Ganis , Kelo Febriyanti Jia , Vellicia Audrey , Reswari Lintang Ardhana
Published: May 2021

Bali is one of the areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because it is located in the meeting area of ??two plates namely the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates located in the south of Bali and a back-arc trust zone located in the north of Bali. Research has been carried out on tsunami hazard level analysis based on scenario modeling and earthquake seismicity in southern Bali. This study uses earthquake data in January 2010 - July 2018. Tsunami prone areas in southern Bali are Klungkung district, Nusa Penida, Kuta beach, Sanur beach, Tabanan and Gianyar districts. The research conducted aims to determine the level of tsunami hazard by looking at the tsunami run up and arrival time in the southern region of Bali. This simulation model uses 1427 data which is then processed using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software so that seismicity maps are obtained, and tsunami modeling uses the Tsunami Observation and Simulation Terminal (TOAST) software. The results obtained from the tsunami modeling simulation in the form of altitude (run up) and tsunami wave arrival time (arrival time) which have an average value of 1,385 - 2,776 meters with an arrival time of 20-24 minutes. The tsunami hazard level is obtained in scenario A with a magnitude of 7.5 which has a maximum value of <1 meter (low) and scenario B with a magnitude of 7.8 has a maximum tsunami run-up value of 1-3 meters (medium) and in scenario C with a magnitude 8.0 has a maximum run-up of tsunami waves of 1 - 3 meters (medium).
Solitary wave solutions in two-Core optical fibers with coupling-coefficient dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Abbagari S. , Houwe A. , Rezazadeh H. , Bekir A. , Doka S. Y.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we studies chirped solitary waves in two-Core optical fibers with coupling-coefficient dispersion and intermodal dispersion. To construct chirp soliton, the couple of nonlinear Schrödinger equation which describing the pulses propagation along the two-core fiber have been reduced to one equivalent equation. By adopting the traveling-waves hypothesis, the exact analytical solutions of the GNSE were obtained by using three relevant mathematical methods namely the auxiliary equation method, the modified auxiliary equation method and the Sine-Gordon expansion approach. Lastly, the behavior of the chirped like-soliton solutions were discussed and some contours of the plot evolution of the bright and dark solitons are obtained.
New magnetic flux flows with Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin of optical quasi velocity magnetic flows with flux density
Authors: Körpınar T. , Demirkol R. Cem , Körpınar Z. , Asil V.
Published: May 2021

In this article, we first offer the approach of quasi magnetic Lorentz flux of quasi velocity magnetic flows of particles by the quasi frame in 3D space. Eventually, we obtain new optical conditions of quasi magnetic Lorentz flux by using directional quasi fields. Moreover, we determine quasi magnetic Lorentz flux for quasi vector fields. Also, we give new constructions for quasi curvatures of quasi velocity magnetic flows by considering Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin. Finally, magnetic flux surface is demonstrated in a static and uniform magnetic surface by using the analytical and numerical results.
Soliton Solutions for space-time fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation by generalized Kudryashov method and modified exp -expansion function method
Authors: Tuluce Demiray S. , Bayrakci U.
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation with beta time derivative. Integration schemes are used to study this equation. They are generalized Kudryashov method and modified exp -expansion function method. Dark, bright and dark-bright soliton solutions of this equation are procured.
Soliton solutions of nonlinear fractional differential equations with its applications in mathematical physics
Authors: Çevikel Adem Cengiz
Published: May 2021

Generalized Kudryashov method has been used to private type of nonlinear fractional differential equations. Firstly, we proposed a fractional complex transform to convert fractional differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Three applications were given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present technique. As a result, abundant types of exact analytical solutions are obtained.
A two-index generalization of conformable operators with potential applications in engineering and physics
Authors: Reyes-Luis Eduardo , Fernández Anaya G. , Chávez-Carlos Jorge , Diago-Cisneros L. , Muñoz Vega R.
Published: May 2021

We developed a somewhat novel fractional-order calculus workbench as a certain generalization of the Khalil’s conformable derivative. Although every integer-order derivate can naturally be consistent with fully physical-sense problem’s quotation, this is not the standard scenario of the non-integer-order derivatives, even aiming physics systems’s modelling, solely.We revisited a particular case of the generalized conformable fractional derivative and derived a differential operator, whose properties overcome those of the integer-order derivatives, though preserving its clue advantages.Worthwhile noting, that two-fractional indexes differential operator we are dealing, departs from the single-fractional index framework, which typifies the generalized conformable fractional derivative. This distinction leads to proper mathematical tools, useful in generalizing widely accepted results, with potential applications to fundamental Physics within fractional order calculus. The later seems to be especially appropriate for exercising the Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem, as well as the Euler-Lagrange equation and to clarify several operator algebra matters.
The Stäckel theorem in the Lagrangian formalism and the use of local times
Authors: Torres del Castillo Gerardo Francisco
Published: May 2021

We show that the conditions for the separability of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation given by the Stäckel theorem imply that, making use of the elementary Lagrangian formalism, one can find $n$ functionally independent constants of motion, where $n$ is the number of degrees of freedom. We also show that this result can be linked to the fact that the Lagrangian for a system of this class is related to the sum of $n$ one-dimensional Lagrangians, if one makes use of multiple local times.
Fractional solutions for the inextensible Heisenberg antiferromagnetic fow and solitonic magnetic flux surfaces in the binormal direction
Authors: Körpınar TALAT , Demirkol Ridvan Cem , KÖRPINAR ZELİHA , Asil Vedat
Published: May 2021

Motivated by recent researches in magnetic curves and their flows in different types of geometric manifolds and physical spacetime structures, we compute Lorentz force equations associated with the magnetic b-lines in the binormal direction. Evolution equations of magnetic b-lines due to inextensible Heisenberg antiferromagnetic flow are computed to construct the soliton surface associated with the inextensible Heisenberg antiferromagnetic flow. Then, their explicit solutions are investigated in terms of magnetic and geometric quantities via the conformable fractional derivative method. By considering arc-length and time-dependent orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, we finally determine the necessary and sufficient conditions that have to be satisfied by these quantities to define the Lorentz magnetic flux surfaces based on the inextensible Heisenberg antiferromagnetic flow model.
Conjugate spinor field equation for massless spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ field in de Sitter ambient space
Authors: Falahi Sedigheh , Parsamehr Sajad
Published: May 2021

The quantum field theory in de Sitter ambient space provide us with a comprehensivedescription of massless gravitational field.Using the gauge-covariant derivative in the de Sitter ambient space, the gauge invariant Lagrangian density has been found.In this paper, the equation of the conjugate spinor for massless spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ field is obtained by Euler-Lagrange equation. Then the field equation is written in terms of the Casimir operator of the de Sitter group. Finally, the gauge invariant field equation is presented.
Note on the conformable boundary value problems: Sturm’s theorems and Green’s function
Authors: Martínez Francisco
Published: May 2021

Recently, the conformable derivative and its properties have been introduced. In this paper, we propose and prove some new results on conformable Boundary Value Problems. First, we introduce a conformable version of classical Sturm´s separation, and comparison theorems. For a conformable Sturm-Liouville problem, Green's function is constructed, and its properties are also studied. In addition, we propose the applicability of the Green´s Function in solving conformable inhomogeneous linear differential equations with homogeneous boundary conditions, whose associated homogeneous boundary value problem has only trivial solution. Finally, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the conformable inhomogeneous boundary value problem.
Approximate solutions of the Schrödinger equation with Hulthén-Hellmann Potentials for a Quarkonium system
Authors: INYANG ETIDO P , Akpan Ita O , Inyang Ephraim P , William Eddy S
Published: May 2021

Hulthén plus Hellmann potentials are adopted as the quark-antiquark interaction potential for studying the mass spectra of heavy mesons. We solved the radial Schrödinger equation analytically using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave function in terms of Laguerre polynomials were obtained. The present results are applied for calculating the mass of heavy mesons such as charmonium and bottomonium. Four special cases were considered when some of the potential parameters were set to zero, resulting into Hellmann potential, Yukawa potential, Coulomb potential, and Hulthén potential, respectively. The present potential provides satisfying results in comparison with experimental data and the work of other researchers.
Prediction of rms charge radius of proton using proton-proton elastic scattering data at TeV
Authors: Zahra S. , Shafaq B.
Published: May 2021

Using  proton–proton elastic scattering data  at  TeV and squared four-momentum transfer 0.36 < -t <  0.76 (GeV/c)2 for 13 σBeam distance  and  0.07 < -t <  0.46 (GeV/c)2 for 4.3 σBeam distance, form factor of proton is predicted. Simplest version of Chou–Yang model is employed to extract the form factor by fitting experimental data of differential cross section from TOTEM experiment (for 13σBeamand 4.3 σBeam distance) to a single Gaussian. Root mean square (rms) charge radius of proton is calculated using this form factor.  It is found to be equal to 0.91 fm and 0.90 fm respectively. Which is in good agreement with experimental data and theoretically predicted values.
Cu 4O3 thin films deposited by non-reactive rf-magnetron sputtering from a copper oxide target
Authors: Cruz Almazán M. A. , Vigueras Santiago E. , López R. , Hernández López S. , Castrejón Sánchez V.  Hugo , Esparza A. , Encarnación Gómez C.
Published: May 2021

Copper oxide thin films deposited by sputtering are frequently formed by using metal copper targets in reactive atmospheres. In this report, paramelaconite (Cu4O3) thin films were deposited by non-reactive rf magnetron sputtering. The target used for sputtering was a copper oxide disk fabricated by oxidation of metal copper at 1000 °C for 24 h in airatmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the copper oxide target was mainly composed of cupric oxide (CuO) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) crystals. Raman analyses suggested that the surface of the copper oxide disk is composed by a (CuO) layer. XRD measurements performed to the copper oxide thin films deposited by non-reactive rf magnetron sputtering showed that the film is composed of (Cu4O3) crystals. However,Raman measurements indicated that the Cu4O3 thin films are also composed by amorphous CuO and Cu2O.
First-principles study of the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of Sc2SiX (X=C, N)
Authors: Mebrek M. , Berber M. , Doumi B. , Mokaddem A.
Published: May 2021

Using ab-initio calculations, we studied the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of Sc2SiX compounds with, (X=C, N). The negative formation energy and the positive cohesive energy indicate that these compounds are energetically stable and can be synthesized in normal conditions. Sc2SiC and Sc2SiN compounds are mechanically stable, estimated by the individual elastic constants. Elastic constants and modulus increase when C is substituted by N. The elastic anisotropy in Sc2SiC is high compared to Sc2SiN. Both nanolaminates are fragile in nature. Sc2SiC is more conductive than Sc2SiN. The calculated electron band structures and the density of states imply that the chemical bond in two compounds is a combination of covalent, ionic, and metallic nature. The main factors governing the electronic properties are the hybrid states Sc- 3d, Si-3p, and C -2p and the bond (p-d) stabilizes the structure. Fermi's surface characteristics have been studied for the first time, which are changed when replacing N by C. Based on the estimate of the total energy, we conclude that the replacement of C by N will lead to a stabilization of the hexagonal structure and a decrease of the metallic support.
A simulation study on the effect of size gold nanoparticles on broadband light absorption in dye-sensitised solar cells
Authors: Qadir K. Wasman
Published: May 2021

Plasmon-assisted energy conversion in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) has been achieved by applying gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) inside Titania (TiO2) photoanodes. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were introduced into DSSCs to further enhance their power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this research work, an effort has been made to enhance the optical absorption and improve the performance of DSSCs. By utilising finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) software, GNPs with radii of 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 and 85 nm were produced and introduced into the TiO2 photoanode. The optimum radius for the optical absorption enhancement was found to be 85 nm because the effect of plasmon coupling is more significant for metal nanoparticle sizes > 60 nm. The effect of various sizes of GNPs on light scattering has also been presented in this study. Moreover, the investigation has focused on the role of incident angle of light source on the absorption in TiO2 films. It was found that the optimum incident angle for the enhancement of broadband optical absorption in the wavelength range of 450–800 nm is 70°.
Compressive behavior of a Zn-22wt%Al-2wt%Cu cellular alloy with different densities, microstructures and cell shapes
Authors: Aragón-Lezama José Arturo
Published: May 2021

Zn22Al2Cu cellular alloy was prepared with six different densities, two microstructures and two cell shapes to determine the effect of these factors on its compressive behavior. NaCl granules with sharp edges, as purchased and with smooth edges obtained by roughly polishing the purchased granules were used as spacers. The elaboration process of the alloy foam consisted of melting the alloy, immersing the granules in the liquid alloy, air-cooling and then dissolving the salt in boiling water. The matrix obtained with the materials had an as-cast microstructure, and a fine microstructure, which was achieved with a heat treatment applied prior to dissolving the NaCl granules. Samples were tested in compression at a 10-3 s-1 strain rate. The smooth shape of the cells caused that the as-cast microstructure in the matrix produces an elastic behavior, which is described by the equation derived by Ashby for the relative elastic modulus and the relative density of sponges. The same type of cell shape embedded in the fine microstructure produces an elastic behavior in compression that depends on the density, which is typical of very low-density foams, although much lower than those achieved in this study. Compressive behavior is chaotic when cells have sharp shape, regardless microstructure type. The alloy studied with 4 mm mean size cells has a compression behavior like a sponge or low-density foam, when its cell walls have smooth contours, and as-cast or fine microstructure, respectively.
USE OF FORCE OR DIPLOMATIC INTERVENTION: ASSESSING THE BLOCKADE OF QATAR
Authors: Santuraki Suleiman Usman
Published: May 2021

The coordinated blockade of the State of Qatar by some of its neighbours in June 2017 has raised questions on the sovereignty of the state and the extent to which coercion is allowed in international law. This article considers the reasons behind the blockade and the subsequent demands by Qatar’s neighbours. It evaluates the blockade of Qatar based on the twin principles of international law: the prohibition on the use of force and non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations. The article argues that the language of article 2 (4), read together with the purposes of the United Nations (UN), render any forcible attempt to coerce a sovereign state into surrendering its sovereignty illegal. The article also considers the debate on whether economic and political coercion amounts to force. It submits that the coordinated blockade and the subsequent “13 points” demands threaten Qatar’s sovereignty, because the blockade contravenes the purposes of the UN. The article also argues that the blockade amounts to an interference in the internal affairs of Qatar, even if economic or political coercion are not considered as force. The article finds that the blockade does not categorically amount to a threat or use of force; but it certainly violates the principle of non-intervention as enshrined in the UN Charter.
Lymph Node Dissection for Colon Cancer in Older Patients: D2 or D3?
Authors: Efetov Sergey K. , Tsarkov Petr V. , Gorodetskaya Sofia A. , Nekoval Valery M. , Efetov Sergey K. , Tulina Inna A. , Medkova Yuliia S. , Kitsenko Yury E. , Balaban Vladimir V.
Published: May 2021

Background: The aim of the study is to compare the short-term and long-term results in the treatment of colon cancer in older patients with different extents of Lymph Node Dissection (LND).
Materials and Methods: A retrospective multicenter study in general surgical geriatric department and specialized coloproctological hospitals of Sechenov University was performed between 2006 and 2015. Patients aged 75 years or older who underwent stage I-III colon cancer surgical treatment were included in the study. Groups were divided according to the extent of surgery: colon resection with D3 LND formed the study group and with D2 LND - the control group.
Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 81±4 years. Charlson’s comorbidity index before surgery was higher in the D3 LND group (p <0.001). Surgical and anaesthetic risk had no significant differences between the groups (p=0.580). Operation time with D3 LND was 25 min longer than with D2 LND, with no differences in blood loss between the groups. Despite the increased surgery duration, prolonged ventilation time was similar (p=0.093). D3 LND results in increasing in postoperative morbidity (p=0.013) with no significant differences in 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality between the groups. D3 LND demonstrated significant improvement in five-year overall and disease-free survival. According to the multivariate analysis, male gender, stage III tumors and D2 LND increase the risk of death within five years after surgery.
Conclusion: D3 LND in colon cancer surgical treatment in older patients does not affect the 30-day, 90-day, and one-year mortality and improves five-year overall and disease-free survival.
Utilization of a Reduced Graft from a Severely Traumatized Liver: A Case Report and Strategy to Increase Availability of Livers for Transplant
Authors: F. Levy Marlon , Imai Daisuke , Kumaran Vinay , A. Bruno David , S. Bhati Chandra , H. Cotterell Adrian , Sharma Amit , Duk Lee Seung , A. Khan Aamir , F. Levy Marlon
Published: May 2021

Background: Trauma victims with liver lacerations in the hilum are typically excluded from liver donation. We report a case of a successful liver transplant from a deceased donor with a grade 4 hilar liver laceration.
Case Presentation: We used a liver with a high-grade laceration from a 28-year-old brain-dead traffic accident victim. The liver had grade IV lacerations in the right and caudate lobes. In situ split liver technique was applied to control the lacerations after an intraoperative cholangiogram revealed favourable anatomy. The left hemi-liver graft was procured, retaining the entire vena cava and the full length of the main hepatic vasculature. The recipient was a 62-year-old female patient with end-stage liver disease, with a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score of 19. The left lobe graft was transplanted using the standard piggy-back technique. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 after an uneventful recovery. At two-month follow-up, she continues to do well, with normal hepatic function and unremarkable imaging studies.
Conclusion: This is the first reported case of a successful liver transplant of a severely lacerated liver made possible by the application of split liver techniques. In situ splitting of a severely traumatized liver could permit the utilization of a reduced graft for small recipients.
Get the benefits of Clean and Green: Eat Organic!
Authors: Gupta Shweta
Published: May 2021

The choice of eating organic food has found its way in the growing trend globally as people have realized the needs of healthy self-improvement. Organic farming decreases the health implications brought about via air, water, and soil pollution.
العوامل المؤثرة في الرقابة البيئية لديوان المحاسبة الأردني على مؤسسات القطاع العام
Authors: زكريا صيام وليد , عبد الرحيم الخلايلة هيثم
Published: May 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على العوامل المؤثرة في الرقابة البيئية لديوان المحاسبة الأردني على مؤسسات القطاع العام، إضافةً إلى التعرف على المعوقات التي تؤثر في الرقابة البيئية لديوان المحاسبة الأردني على مؤسسات القطاع العام. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، صمّم الباحثان استبانه تمّ توزيعها على موظفي ديوان المحاسبة الأردني (المديرين ومساعديهم، رؤساء الأقسام، المدققين العاملين في المركز الرئيسي للديوان، المدققين العاملين في المراقبات التابعة لديوان المحاسبة) والبالغ عددهم بداية عام 2020م (380) موظفاً (حسب إحصاءات ديوان المحاسبة الأردني بداية عام 2020). حيث تمّ اختيار عينة بلغت (115) موظفا من مختلف الفئات المشار إليها أعلاه، أي ما نسبته (30.26%) من مجتمع الدراسة، تم توزيع (115) استبانه، وبلغ عدد الاستبانات المستردة والصالحة للتحليل (97)، أي ما نسبته (84.3%) من مجموع الاستبانات الموزعة. وقد توصل الباحثان إلى مجموعة من النتائج، يمكن تلخيصها فيما يلي: هناك تأثير سلبي للعوامل (قلة عدد المدققين الممارسين للرقابة البيئية، نقص المؤهلات العلمية والفنية للمدققين، قلة مشاركة المدققين في الدورات التدريبية، عدم وجود دليل معتمد لممارسة الرقابة البيئية، عدم تعاون إدارة ديوان المحاسبة الأردني وعدم دعمها للمدققين الممارسين للرقابة البيئية، عدم استجابة مؤسسات القطاع العام وعدم تعاونها مع المدققين الممارسين للرقابة البيئية) على ممارسة الرقابة البيئية لديوان المحاسبة الأردني على مؤسسات القطاع العام. هناك العديد من المعوقات التي تؤثر على ممارسة ديوان المحاسبة الأردني للرقابة البيئية على مؤسسات القطاع العام. في ضوء نتائج الدراسة، قدّم الباحثان مجموعة من التوصيات، منها: قيام إدارة ديوان المحاسبة الأردني بتعزيز عدد المدققين الممارسين للرقابة البيئية، بذل مزيد من الجهود من قبل إدارة ديوان المحاسبة الأردني للعمل على اختيار المدققين الأكثر تأهيلاً علمياً وفنياً والأكثر إلماماً بالأنظمة البيئية وبالمعايير المهنية والفنية الخاصة بالرقابة البيئية.
The Impact of performance management on improving human resources management’s elements at Al Hikmah Pharmaceutical Company (Public shareholding)
Authors: Hussein Abu Joma Mah’d
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to identify the impact of Performance management’s dimensions (Task performance & Contextual performance) on improving human resources management’s elements in Al Hikmah Pharmaceutical Company. The study sample consisted of the employees working of Al Hikmah Pharmaceutical Company where 302 questionnaires were distributed to the employees working in in the company in Jordan; (12) questionnaires were excluded because they were not valid for analysis. The study used the descriptive analytical method. The study data was collected through a specially designed questionnaire for this purpose. The results of the study showed that the performance management factors (Task performance & Contextual performance) factors in Al Hikmah pharmaceutical company, the values of their arithmetic averages ranged between (3.675- 4.149) and according to the adopted scale, all these values are (high), which confirms the presence of a high impact of both performance management factors on all factors of human resources management in Al hikmah company. The study also showed that there is a discrepancy in the amount of the impact of performance management factors on the stages of human resources management’s elements, as follows: 1-The training and development. factor came first, 2-The organizational culture. factor came second, 3-The evaluate performance factor came third. Human resources management’s elements have been influenced to a lesser extent by the performance management factors. Based on the study results, researcher recommended the necessity of adapting Performance management by administration's leaders so as to develop the human resources department’s elements in the company because this contributes to raise productivity of it, which also means bigger market share, better revenues, best quality, then driving organization to achieve its goals.
Impact of emotional intelligence on the career performance of managers: An applied study of principals in Shendi municipality of Sudan
Authors: Salih Saeed Hussain Malak
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To study the effect of emotional intelligence on the job performance of high school principals in the municipality of Shendi, River Nile State, Sudan. Methods: This study was conducted using Dalip Singh's model of emotional intelligence in the managerial environment. The levels of emotional intelligence of managers have been studied in terms of the three components of the model (emotional sensitivity, emotional maturity, and emotional competence) and their impact on managers' ability to lead (work teams, relationship management, and the ability to motivate workers morally), as well as their ability to manage and resolve conflict. Methods: The researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach that relies on collecting data on the phenomenon and its interpretation using the SPSS statistical program for data analysis (2018-2020). questionnaire was used to obtain the opinions of the study sample consisting of (20) secondary education managers, using the comprehensive survey method. Findings: The most important finding, emotional sensitivity comes in the first place in terms of influencing job performance effectiveness (leadership, relationship management, ability to motivate, as well as conflict management and resolution); Moreover, 91% of the respondents considered to have a very high level of emotional sensitivity. Improvements/ Applications: The study concluded that managers have the ability to manage the current environment, work in harmony with others and achieve interest in them: the reason for this is that they have this advantage. Value: This is one of the first studies to be conducted in this region to analyze the impact of emotional intelligence on education managers.
The effect of applying the theory of constraints in maximizing corporate profits in industrial companies application on Saudi private sector in accordance with vision 2030
Authors: Tajelsir Omer Elnour Omer , Abdelrahim Ali Elagab Abdelmged , Ishag Abdelrahman Mohammed , Magbool hossyan Sakib Khalid
Published: May 2021

The objectives of the study were the effect of applying the concept of the theory of constrain in maximizing the profits of Saudi industrial companies in accordance with the vision of 2030, and the study is based on the descriptive analytical approach. To obtain the data, the researchers’ used The preliminary data for this study were obtained through a questionnaire, and the Secondary data related to this study have been obtained by reference to books The validity of the hypotheses proved where it was reached that the application of the theory of constrain helps Saudi industrial companies in maximizing their profits, improving or increasing the level of improvement by applying the theory of constrain leads to maximizing the return of profits. The impact of the internal and external constrain of Saudi industrial companies in maximizing profits, Saudi Arabia's strategy in accordance with Vision 2030 supports industrial companies to build a competitive and sustainable system that promises to benefit from the national economy and Saudi citizens.
The impact of creative accounting methods on financial reports and statements in commercial banks listed on Amman stock exchange (field study)
Authors: Mahmoud Al-Rawashdeh Abdelwahab
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the impact of creative accounting methods on financial reports and statements in commercial banks listed on Amman Stock Exchange. Thus, in order to achieve this goal, the study utilized the descriptive analytical approach for its suitability to the nature of the study, also, the questionnaire was used as an assessment tool for this study. Meanwhile, among the most important findings of the study is that earnings management operations include many means and methods aimed at achieving specific purposes serving the management. Additionally, that commercial banks have practiced earnings management and creative accounting operations to a large extent during the financial years covered by the study period. And that the banking management is not aware of the impacts resulting from the operations of practicing fraudulent accounting and earnings management on the financial reports and statements, which greatly affects the reliability of the financial statements, makes them misleading and loses their quality, objectivity and credibility, therefore, affects the decisions of those statements’ users. The study has recommended the need to activate the governmental supervisory role as well as the audit committees in banks to limit the banks' practice of earnings management and creative accounting for the purpose of achieving the best degree of accounting information's quality and to provide it with each of trust and suitability, as well as the need to increase the effectiveness of the professional organization of accounting and auditing profession in Jordan. Also, to take the necessary measures to develop and enhance the competencies of its members, especially those who undertake auditing operations of banks' accounts to reveal earnings management and creative accounting operations and then working on reduce them. Besides, the necessity to expedite the activation of the governance rules' implementation, provided that it includes imposing penalties on the management of banks that practice creative accounting operations for the purpose of giving the published financial statements for these banks in the financial market each of confidence and objectivity.
The impact of tourism in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia on GDP, (2005 – 2017: An analytical approach)
Authors: Yousif Mohamed Musa Elsiddig
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aims to highlight the spending of foreign and domestic tourism in KSA, and to investigate and analyze factors affecting Saudi's tourism sector, and its impact on the GDP.Methods/Statistical analysis: Three different regression models were specified and estimated in order to reflect the relationships between the dependent variable and independent variables in order the draw appropriate results and findings. The usage of regression method is straight forward to tackle such problem. The model of the study consists of the dependent variable which is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Saudi Arabia of billions Saudi riyals and the independent variables which are: foreign spending of foreign tourists in millions Saudi riyals, local spending of domestic tourists in millions Saudi riyals, findings the results showed that the spending of foreign tourists – as expected – had positive impact on the GDP during the period of the study. Nevertheless, the domestic tourists had a negative impact on the GDP, which is unexpected due to the lower cost. For example, domestic tourists who travel to the destination using a car and have friends and family in the destination tend to spend less which brings a question about the effectiveness of comparing the average spending of the domestic and foreign tourists together Application. Entering tourists affect the GDP negatively while leaving tourists affect GDP positively. Finally, this study can help the policy makers in designing accurate plan which help in increasing the national income the development of KSA, beside enhancing the Saudi library by precise information about tourism.
The effect of obstructions in the e-commerce in electronic commerce applications: evidence from the Jordan business sector
Authors: Mansour Al-ghananeem Kulthoom
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to find out the electronic and the impact of trade obstacles in e-commerce applications in the Jordanian business sector, the concept of electronic commerce obstacles in the business sector is clarified, and these obstacles are mentioned, which are three main obstacles in this study technological obstacles, human resources obstacles, and law and legislation obstacles and to achieve this goal the study chose a component of Jordanian banks and branches society, was used questionnaire data collection tool, was distributed to the author than 100 employees in these banks sample, were retrieving 96 of them, were subjected to statistical analysis. The most important outputs of the study are a direct impact of the obstacles to e-commerce in e-commerce applications in organizations, and found the most effective human resources obstacles followed by law and legislation obstacles. Based on the results of the analysis and testing of hypotheses, show that e-commerce obstacles standards in the Jordanian business sector and of technical and technological factors, the special human resources factors, legislative and legal factors, the study recommended the need to increase the electronic awareness and culture of the Internet among the different segments of society, reduce obstacles and streamline procedures to help various community groups to get personal computers and the ability to subscribe to and use of the Internet.
استخدام الحوسبة السحابية ودورها في تحديد أتعاب عملية المراجعة من وجهة نظر المراجعين الخارجيين "دراسة ميدانية على مكاتب المراجعة الخارجية بمدينة جدة في المملكة العربية السعودية"
Authors: الشمراني ماجدة , الاسمري نوره
Published: May 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر استخدام الحوسبة السحابية في تحديد أتعاب عملية المراجعة وفقًا للعوامل المتعلقة بالشركات محل المراجعة، ومكاتب المراجعة ومراجعي الحسابات العاملين بمكاتب المراجعة. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كما تم استخدام الاستبانة للحصول على البيانات الأولية من عينة من المراجعين العاملين بمكاتب المراجعة، حيث بلغ عدد الاستجابات (124). أسفرت عملية تحليل بيانات الدراسة واختبار فرضيات الدراسة عن عدة نتائج من أهمها: هناك استخدام بدرجة عالية للشركات محل المراجعة للحوسبة السحابية في تحديد أتعاب المراجعة، ومن أبرز ما يدعم ذلك قوة ومتانة نظام الرقابة الداخلية، قدرة الحفاظ على البيانات من الاختراق، إدراك الشركة لحساسية بياناتها عند التخزين في البيئة السحابية. كما أظهرت النتائج أن من بين العوامل التي تعزز استخدام مكاتب المراجعة للحوسبة السحابية القدرة على توسيع حجم الاختبارات ونطاق الفحص، ثم سرعة إنجاز مكتب المراجعة للأعمال الموكلة إليه عند العمل والاستفادة من الخدمات المقدمة سحابياً. كما بينت النتائج أن من بين العوامل التي تدعم استخدام مراجعي الحسابات للحوسبة السحابية في تحديد أتعاب المراجعة تمثلت في مستوى معرفة مراجعي الحسابات في التخطيط لعملية المراجعة في بيئة الحوسبة السحابية، وحرص مراجعي الحسابات في الحفاظ على خصوصية العميل عند تخزين بياناته في السحابة، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود أثر وعلاقة لاستخدام الحوسبة السحابية في تحديد أتعاب المراجعة. كما بينت النتائج أنه ليست هناك فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية بين آراء أفراد العينة حول استخدام الحوسبة السحابية وفقاً للعوامل المتعلقة بالشركة ومكاتب المراجعة، ومراجعي الحسابات تعزى لاختلاف المؤهل العلمي، الوظيفة الحالية، سنوات الخبرة، حجم مكتب المراجعة، وعدد الدورات التدريبية في مجال الحوسبة السحابية. بينما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول العوامل المتعلقة بمكاتب المراجعة باختلاف المؤهل المهني.
أثر الإدارة الاستراتيجية في بناء المنظمة الذكية: الدور المعدل للقيادة الاستراتيجية في شركات صناعة الأدوية الأردنية
Authors: خليل القاضي صفاء , محمد أبو بكر سحر
Published: May 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس أثر الإدارة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها (المسح البيئي، صياغة الاستراتيجية، تنفيذ الاستراتيجية، الرقابة والتقييم) في المنظمة الذكية بأبعادها (التعلم المستمر، التكيف، الذكاء الجماعي) في شركات صناعة الأدوية الأردنية. وكذلك اختبار تأثير القيادة الاستراتيجية على تعديل أثر الإدارة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها مجتمعة في المنظمة الذكية بأبعادها مجتمعة في شركات صناعة الأدوية الأردنية. وانتهجت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من شركات صناعة الأدوية الأردنية وعددها (17)، وتمثلت وحدة المعاينة من مديري الإدارات الوسطى، وقد بلغ عددهم (168) مديراً. وبغرض تحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير استبانة وتوزيعها على أفراد وحدة المعاينة، وبعد استردادها كان منها (141) استبانة صالحة للتحليل الإحصائي (باستخدام الحزمة الإحصائية SPSS Version 21) الذي اظهر مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: وجود أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية للإدارة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها في بناء المنظمة الذكية بأبعادها في شركات صناعة الأدوية الأردنية، وتوصلت الدراسة كذلك إلى أن أثر الإدارة الاستراتيجية بأبعادها مجتمعة في بناء المنظمة الذكية بأبعادها مجتمعة قد زاد في ظل وجود القيادة الاستراتيجية كمتغير معدّل في شركات صناعة الأدوية الأردنية. وبناءً على النتائج قدمت الدراسة مجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: ضرورة استمرار الشركات المبحوثة بتبني ممارسات الإدارة الاستراتيجية لأثرها الواضح في تحقيق التميز التنافسي وتحسين مستويات الأداء. بالإضافة إلى ضرورة تعزيز مهارات وقدرات القيادة لجميع العاملين في الشركات من خلال تزويدهم بالبرامج التدريبية المتخصصة بهذا الجانب.
أثر فاعلية نظام السينات الخمسة (5s) على إنتاجية العاملين وجودة البيئة التشغيلية (مصنع بيبسي بالرياض كنموذج)
Authors: محمد الجغوبي سلمى , مريزيق مرزوق المطيري سارة
Published: May 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع البيئة التشغيلية ومكوناتها من وجهة نظر العاملين في مصنع بيبسي بالرياض ومعرفة دور نظام السينات الخمس 5s في تحسين مستوى إنتاجية العاملين والبيئة التشغيلية. كما إنه سلطت الضوء على مختلف المعوقات التي تحد من تطبيق هذه المبادئ والأنظمة من وجهة نظر العاملين في مصنع بيبسي بالرياض. وقد استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. هذا وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع العاملين بمصنع بيبسي بالرياض باختلاف تخصصاتهم ومستوياتهم المهنية والوظيفية. ولجمع البيانات تم استخدام أسلوب الاستقصاء (الاستبيان). وتم استخدام برنامج SPSS لدراسة العلاقات المفترضة في نموذج البحث. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة موافقة أفراد الدراسة على واقع البيئة التشغيلية ومكوناتها وعلى دور نظام السينات الخمس 5s في تحسين مستوى إنتاجية العاملين والبيئة التشغيلية وتبيّن إن بعد التنظيم Set in Order، جاء بالمرتبة الأولى، بينما جاء بعد التثبيت Sustain بالمرتبة الخامسة والأخيرة. كذلك اثبت النتائج موافقة أفراد الدراسة على المُعوقَاتَ التي تحد من تَطبيقَ نظاَم السينات الخمس 5s فِي تحسين إنتاجية العاملين والبيئة التشغيلية.