bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in results and related factors between Hospital-at-Home modalities in Catalonia: a cross sectional study
Authors: Torre Jorge Arias de la , Zioga Evangelia Anna María , Macorigh Lizza , Muñoz Laura , Estrada Oriol , Mias Montse , Estrada Maria-Dolors , Puigdomenech Elisa , Valderas Jose M , Martín Vicente , Molina Antonio J , Espallargues Mireia
Published: August 2019

Background

Hospital-at-home (HaH) is a healthcare modality that provides active treatment by healthcare staff in the patient’s home for a condition that would otherwise require hospitalization. Previous studies have described two basic types of HaH: hospital admission avoidance and early discharge The aims of this study were: To describe the characteristics of different types of hospital-at-home (HaH) contacts; to assess readmission, mortality, and mean length of stay for each HaH modality; and to examine which factors could be related to these results.

Methods

A cross-sectional study based on data from all 2014 HaH contacts from Catalonia was designed. The following HaH modalities were considered: admission avoidance (n=7,214; 75.1%) and early discharge (n=2,387; 24.9%). The main outcome indicators were readmission, mortality, and mean length of stay (days). Contact characteristics were compared at bivariable level and indicators were calculated for each HaH modality. Multivariable General linear models were fitted to assess the association between explanatory factors and outcomes.

Results

Differences in contact characteristics between HaH modalities were observed at bivariable level. In the hospital avoidance modality there were 8.3% readmissions, 0.9% mortality, and a mean length of stay (SD) of 9.6 (10.6) days. In the early discharge one, these figures were 7.9%, 0.5%, and 9.8 (11.1), respectively. In both modalities, readmission and mean length of stay were related to comorbidity and type of hospital, and mortality with age.

Conclusions

The results show that the HaH results in Catalonia are acceptable and similar to those observed in other contexts. The factors related to these results could help improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the different HaH modalities.
The Cost-effectiveness of screening tools used in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A modeled analysis
Authors: berrigan patrick , Andrew Gail , Reynolds James N , Zwicker Jennifer D
Published: August 2019

Background Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is characterized by physical and neurological abnormalities resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. Though diagnosis may help improve patient outcomes, the diagnostic process can be costly. Subsequently, screening children suspected of FASD prior to diagnostic testing has been suggested, to avoid administering testing to children who are unlikely to receive a diagnosis. The present study set out to assess the cost-effectiveness of currently recommended FASD screening tools.Methods The screenings tools evaluated were chosen from Children’s Healthcare Canada’s National Screening Toolkit for Children and Youth Identified and Potentially Affected by FASD and include meconium testing of fatty acid ethyl esters (meconium testing) and the neurobehavioral screening tool (NST). An economic model was constructed to assess cost-effectiveness. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of findings. Costs reflect 2017 Canadian dollars and the perspective is the public healthcare system. Results Both screening tools evaluated resulted in reduced costs and fewer diagnosed years of life than a no screening strategy in which all children suspected of FASD receive diagnostic testing. The model predicts that screening newborns with meconium testing results in a reduced cost of $89,186 per 100 individuals screened and 38 fewer diagnosed years of life by age 18, corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $2,359. Screening children with the NST resulted in a reduced cost of $183,895 per 100 individuals screened and 77 fewer diagnosed years of life by age 18, corresponding to an ICER of $2,390. Conclusion Findings suggest that screening is associated with less use of healthcare recourses but also fewer years of life with an FASD diagnosis over a no screening strategy. Since diagnosis can be key to children receiving timely and appropriate health and educational services, cost-savings must be weighed against the fewer years of life with a diagnosis associated with screening.
Identification of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VIIi in wild birds in Turkey
Authors: Turan Nuri , Ozsemir Cemal , Yilmaz Aysun , Cizmecigil Utku Y , Aydin Ozge , Bamac Ozge Erdogan , Gurel Aydin , Kutukcu Ahmet , Ozsemir Kubra , Tali Emre , Tali Besim , Yilmaz Semaha , Yaramanoglu Mehmetcan , Tekelioglu Kaan , Ozsoy Serhat , Richt Juergen , Iqbal Munir , Yilmaz Huseyin
Published: August 2019

Background: Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both nonmigratory and birds migrating on the South East European flyway, in Istanbul, Turkey. Birds were trapped using nets placed around the Kucukcekmece lake Avcilar, Istanbul, in spring seasons of 2016 and 2018. In total, 297 birds belonging to 42 different species were trapped, categorised according to species and sex, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected. Swabs from 115 mallards caught by hunters in Edirne and from 207 birds belonging to 31 species which had been treated in the Veterinary Faculty of Istanbul were also collected. Tissue samples were taken from dead wild birds brought by public to Veterinary Faculty of Istanbul. A total of 619 oropharyngeal swabs were pooled into 206 samples. RNA was extracted from the swabs and tissue samples. Real-time RT-PCR prob assay was used to detect NDV-RNA in samples.
Results: There was no amplification in real time RT-PCR in samples taken from wild birds caught by traps. However, amplification of NDV-F gene was observed in oropharyngeal swabs taken from 2 waterfowls, and in tissue samples taken from 2 little owls and 1 common kestrel. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of these 5 samples for NDV-F gene showed great similarity with NDV lineage VIIi viruses. One (waterfowl) of the five NDV-F gene sequences obtained in this study was slightly different than previously isolated Turkish NDVs and NDVs from Bulgaria and Georgia. Remaining four NDV-F gene sequences were similar to NDVs that were previously isolated in Turkey, Bulgaria and Georgia. Although the strains found in this study are closely related, there is a relatively small degree of molecular divergence within F gene of the Turkish NDVs and strains from Iran Pakistan, Israel and Belgium.
Conclusions: Our findings show that first time in Turkey, genotype VIIi of NDVs is predomiant in wild birds in the Eurasia region and some degree of molecular evolution when compared to the earlier NDV-VIIi isolates in Turkey. Also, NDV viruses prevailing in the migratory birds pose a serious risk to poultry in Turkey and other countries.
Second-line chemotherapy using taxane in patients with advanced gastric cancer who presented with severe peritoneal metastasis: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Kawahira Masahiro , Yasui Hirofumi , Masuishi Toshiki , Muro Kei , Nakajima Takako Eguchi
Published: August 2019

Background

Individuals with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) who present with severe peritoneal metastasis (SPM) have poor prognosis, and the need to improve treatment for such condition and survival time is not met. Moreover, there are only few data about the second-line treatment for patients with such condition.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients receiving taxane-based second-line chemotherapy at three institutions in Japan between 2010 and 2016. Patients with AGC who present with SPM were included if they had massive ascites and/or inadequate oral intake requiring intravenous nutritional support. The efficacy and safety of the treatment were evaluated.

Results

In the present study, 43 (40%) of 108 patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score > 2, and the median serum albumin level of the patients was 3.3 g/mL. Ramucirumab was used in combination with paclitaxel in 21 patients. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 5.1 and 2.8 months, respectively. Inadequate oral intake was considered a negative prognostic factor of both OS and PFS in the multivariate analysis. Three treatment-related deaths were observed, which include those attributed to febrile neutropenia, gastrointestinal perforation, and pneumonitis. Common grade > 3 adverse events were neutropenia (35%), leukopenia (30%), anemia (24%), and anorexia (16%). We observed febrile neutropenia in 8% and gastrointestinal perforation in 4% of patients, and such conditions were primarily observed in patients with inadequate oral intake.

Conclusions

Taxane-based second-line chemotherapy was effective and safe for patients with AGC who present with SPM. Attention must be provided when treating patients with inadequate oral intake as they are likely to have short prognosis and serious toxicities.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation in Predicting Clinical Trial Failures
Authors: Geletta Simon , Follett Lendie , Laugerman Marcia R
Published: August 2019

Background : This study used natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify reliable patterns from within research narrative documents to distinguish studies that complete successfully, from the ones that terminate. Recent research findings have reported that at least ten percent of all studies that are funded by major research funding agencies terminate without yielding useful results. Since it is well-known that scientific studies that receive funding from major funding agencies are carefully planned, and rigorously vetted through the peer-review process, it was somewhat daunting to us that study-terminations are this prevalent. Moreover, our review of the literature about study terminations suggested that the reasons for study terminations are not well understood. We therefore aimed to address that knowledge gap, by seeking to identify the factors that contribute to study failures.
Method : We used data from the clinicialTrials.gov repository, from which we extracted both structured data (study characteristics), and unstructured data (the narrative description of the studies). We applied natural language processing techniques to the unstructured data to quantify the risk of termination by identifying distinctive topics that are more frequently associated with trials that are terminated and trials that are completed. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique to derived 25 “topics” with corresponding sets of probabilities, which we then used to predict study-termination by utilizing random forest modeling. We fit two distinct models – one using only structured data as predictors and another model with both structured data and the 25 text topics derived from the unstructured data.
Results : In this paper, we demonstrate the interpretive and predictive value of LDA as it relates to predicting clinical trial failure. The results also demonstrate that the combined modeling approach yields robust predictive probabilities in terms of both sensitivity and specificity, relative to a model that utilizes the structured data alone.
Conclusions : Our study demonstrated that the use of topic modeling using LDA significantly raises the utility of unstructured data in better predicating the completion vs. termination of studies.
The olfactory secretome varies according to season in female sheep and goat
Authors: CANN Paul , CHABI Malika , DELSART Aliénor , DANVIC Chrystelle LE , SALIOU Jean-Michel , CHASLES Manon , KELLER Matthieu , MEILLOUR Patricia NAGNAN-LE
Published: August 2019

Background: Small ungulates (sheep and goat) display a seasonal breeding, characterised by two successive periods, sexual activity (SA) and sexual rest (SR). Odours emitted by a sexually active male can reactivate the ovulation of anoestrus females. The plasticity of the olfactory system under these hormonal changes has never been explored at the peripheral level of odours reception. As it was shown in pig that the olfactory secretome (proteins secreted in the nasal mucus) could be modified under hormonal control, we monitored its composition in females of both species through several reproductive seasons, thanks to a non-invasive sampling of olfactory mucus. For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), western-blot with specific antibodies, MALDI-TOF and high-resolution (nano-LC-MS/MS) mass spectrometry, RACE-PCR and molecular modelling were used. Results: In both species the olfactory secretome is composed of isoforms of OBP-like proteins, generated by post-translational modifications, as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Important changes were observed in the olfactory secretome between the sexual rest and the sexual activity periods, characterised in ewe by the specific expression of SAL-like proteins and the emergence of OBPs O-GlcNAcylation. In goat, the differences between SA and SR did not come from new proteins expression, but from different post-translational modifications, the main difference between the SA and SR secretome being the number of isoforms of each protein. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014833. Conclusion: Despite common behaviour, seasonal breeding, and genetic resources, the two species seem to adapt their sensory equipment in SA by different modalities: the variation of olfactory secretome in ewe could correspond to a specialization to detect male odours only in SA, whereas in goat the stability of the olfactory secretome could indicate a constant capacity of odours detection suggesting that the hallmark of SA in goat might be the emission of specific odours by the sexually active male. In both species, the olfactory secretome is a phenotype reflecting the physiological status of females, and could be used by breeders to monitor their receptivity to the male effect.
Genetics and Comorbidity network analysis of Colorectal cancer
Authors: Ljubic Branimir , Pavlovski Martin , Alshehri Jumanah , Bajic Vladimir , Neste Christophe Van , Obradovic Zoran , Roychoudhury Shoumik
Published: August 2019

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States, and the second leading cause of cancer death. Comorbidity network analyses of CRC can help understanding of the illness progression. About 10%-30% of patients have a family history of CRC that suggests a hereditary contribution, including pathogenic variants of genes. The goal was to identify comorbidities associated with CRC and to discover pathogenic variants of genes that could be connected to CRC and comorbidity diseases. Results A novel model is developed based on comorbidity networks, to study progression of CRC. The model was developed on the HCUP, SID California inpatient database for a period of 9 years (2003-2011). Comorbidity networks, and Venn diagrams show probabilities of occurrence of comorbidities associated with different stages of CRC. Ranked lists of comorbidities (more than 5,800) were utilized for text mining of PubMed and expert curated sources (DisGeNet), to identify genes associated with CRC. Associations between 1,940 different genes and CRC were extracted from PubMed. 150 different genes are associated with CRC in DisGeNet. 96 genes are present in both sources (PubMed and curated sources). The most mentioned gene associated with CRC were: TP53 (241 abstracts in PubMed), APC (115), and KRAS (106). All 3 genes had DisGeNet scores of 0.5. Two more genes (MLH1 – 98 abstracts and TGFBR2 - 18 abstracts) had the same DisGeNet scores. PPARG gene (43 abstracts) had DisGeNet score of 0.6. Genes described on the cancer.gov website were found on PubMed too. MUTYH was described in association with CRC in 7 abstracts, MSH6 in 25 abstracts, PMS2 in 11, EPCAM in 10, POLD1 in 4, BMPR1A in 3, SMAD4 in 15, PTEN in 25 and STK11 in 8 PubMed abstracts. Lists of associations of the six most common genes and comorbidities of CRC were also created. Conclusions Results of the study could be considered as a novelty contributing to better understanding of risk factors (genes, comorbidities) for the development of CRC. Genetic findings could lead to the improvement of guidelines for genetic testing of patients that are at increased risk to develop CRC.
Impact of chemotherapy cycles and intervals on outcomes of nonspinal Ewing sarcoma in adults: a real-world experience
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Huang Yujing , Sun Yuanjue , He Aina , Zhou Yan , Hu Haiyan , Yao Yang , Shen Zan
Published: August 2019

Adult Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare disease, the optimal treatment model is unknown. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze treatment-related prognostic factors of nonspinal ES in Chinese adults. 81 patients treated between January 2005 and December 2017 were included in the present study. 33 (40.7%) presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis. 8 patients were submitted to primary surgery followed by chemotherapy, while 73 patients received chemotherapy before and after surgery and/or local radiotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen included 8-17 cycles of vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (VDC) alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) every 3 weeks. Clinical outcomes and safety were analyzed. The results indicated that VDC/IE chemotherapy was well tolerated in adult patients with ES. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that chemotherapy of at least 12 cycles was a favorable independent prognostic factor of event-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.558; 95% confidence interval, 0.323-0.965; P = 0.037) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.424; 95% confidence interval, 0.240-0.748; P = 0.003). Similarly, a low frequency of chemotherapy delays was an independent prognostic factor of improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.438; 95% confidence interval, 0.217-0.887; P = 0.022). In conclusion, our study suggests that adults with ES should be treated with an aggressive multidisciplinary approach, intensive chemotherapy with adequate cycles and appropriate intervals can be recommended in this group.
Molecular characterization and structure of intestinal micro flora for postmortem interval estimation in SD rats
Authors: Li Huan , Yuan Lu , Liu Ruina , Zhang Siruo , Yang E , Ullah Shakir , Mushtaq Nosheen , Wu Di , Shi Yi , An Cuihong , Liu Hailong , Wang Zhenyuan , Xu Jiru
Published: August 2019

Background
The human rectum flora consists of a huge variety of bacteria and the association between individuals and their rectum bacterial community begins presently after birth and continues the whole lifetime. Once the body dies, the inherent microbes begin to break down from the inside and play a key role thereafter.
Results
The aim of this study was to investigate the probable shift of the rectum flora at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to characterize the contribution for of this shift to estimate the time of death. The rectum of rats was wiped with a sterile cotton swab and the samples were proceeded for DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene with the V3+V4 variable regions, and high throughput sequencing carried out on IonS5TMXL platform. The results were analyzed for intra-group and inter-group diversity, similarity and difference at different time points. At phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts, checked at 11 different intervals and emerged in the most of postmortem intervals. At the genus level, Enterococcus appeared in all groups except alive samples, Lactobacillus and Proteus appeared in most time points, and the latter showed an increasing trend after 3 days postmortem samples. At the species level, Enterococcus_faecalis and Proteus_mirabilis existed in most postmortem intervals, and the former had a downward trend after day 5 postmortem, while the latter had an upward trend. Corynebacterium_amycolatum , Entero_isolate_group_2 , Bacteroides_uniformis , Enterococcus_faecalis , Streptococcus_gallolyticus_subsp_macedonics , Clostridium_sporogenes were more abundant in 0-hour, day 1, 3, 5, 7, 13 postmortem intervals, respectively, while Proteus_mirabilis and Vagococcus_lutrae were abundant in day 15 postmortem. In addition, functional capacity analysis of Membrane_Transport, Amino_Acid_Metabolism, Nucleotide_Metabolism and Energy_Metabolism showed significant differences between alive and almost all other time points after death ( P <0.05).
Conclusions
All in all, bacteria at different levels (phylum, genera, species) showed different characteristic during the process of decomposition and possessed entirely different relative abundance and the structure of bacterial community in each time point shifted obviously, which suggested that the specific bacteria might imply the specific postmortem interval during decomposition.
Current status of oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus infection in Shanghai, China: A multicenter study
Authors: Liu Junlan , Li Tianming , Zhong Ni , Wang Xing , Jiang Jie , Zhang Wenxia , Tang Rong , Guo Yinjuan , Liu Yun , Hu Jiang , He Lihua , Tang Jin , Wu Wenjuan , Li Min
Published: August 2019

The worldwide reported oxacillin-susceptible mecA -positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) represents a distinctly important challenge to detection and treatment of MRSA, but finite data on current status of OS-MRSA infection in Chinese hospitals are available. The present multicenter study carried out a battery of phenotypic susceptibility tests as well as diagnostic tests (PBP2a detection, mecA , and mecC PCR) for a collection of 956 clinical S. aureus isolates from 10 hospitals in Shanghai, molecular typing was performed for all identified OS-MRSA strains. OS-MRSA represented 1.8% (17/956) of total isolates and were commonly borderline oxacillin-susceptible (Oxacillin-MIC of 1 or 2 mg/L). 10 of 17 OS-MRSA were ST59 lineages, followed by ST965 (3/17). Unlike oxacillin-resistant MRSA that commonly exhibit a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype, OS-MRSA were less likely to be MDR and displayed MIC pattern remarkably differential from OR-MRSA. OS-MRSA showed oxacillin-inducible oxacillin resistance and the majority of them (15/17) were cefoxitin-resistant by cefoxitin disk diffusion. S. aureus with borderline susceptible oxacillin MICs (1 or 2 mg/L) should be confirmed by cefoxitin disk diffusion in clinical practice, whereas susceptible isolates reclassified by cefoxitin disk diffusion should still be subjected to PBP2a testing and (or) mecA (mecC) PCR. The presented study has characterized phenotypically and molecularly an atypical type of MRSA showing cryptic but inducible resistance to oxacillin, but its underlying mechanisms warrant further elucidation.
An improved catalogue of putative synaptic genes defined exclusively by temporal transcription profiles through an ensemble machine learning approach
Authors: Obregón Flavio Pazos , Soto Pablo , Palazzo Martín , Guerberoff Gustavo , Yankilevich Patricio , Cantera Rafael
Published: August 2019

Background . Assembly and function of neuronal synapses require the coordinated expression of a yet undetermined set of genes. Previously, we had trained an ensemble machine learning model to assign a probability of having synaptic function to every protein-coding gene in Drosophila melanogaster. This approach resulted in the publication of a catalogue of 893 genes which we postulated to be very enriched in genes with a still undocumented synaptic function. Since then, the scientific community has experimentally identified 79 new synaptic genes. Here we use these new empirical data to evaluate our original prediction. We also implement a series of changes to the training scheme of our model and using the new data we demonstrate that this improves its predictive power. Finally, we added the new synaptic genes to the training set and trained a new model, obtaining a new, enhanced catalogue of putative synaptic genes.

Results . The retrospective analysis demonstrate that our original catalogue was significantly enriched in new synaptic genes. When the changes to the training scheme were implemented using the original training set we obtained even higher enrichment. Finally, applying the new training scheme with a training set including the 79 new synaptic genes, resulted in an enhanced catalogue of putative synaptic genes. Here we present this new catalogue and announce that a regularly updated version will be available online at: http://synapticgenes.bnd.edu.uy

Conclusions . We show that training an ensemble of machine learning classifiers solely with the whole-body temporal transcription profiles of known synaptic genes resulted in a catalogue with a significant enrichment in undiscovered synaptic genes. Using new empirical data provided by the scientific community, we validated our original approach, improved our model an obtained an arguably more precise prediction. This approach reduces the number of genes to be tested through hypothesis-driven experimentation and will facilitate our understanding of neuronal function.

Availability : http://synapticgenes.bnd.edu.uy
Alkaline Hydrolyzable‐Nitrogen of Clayey Soils Reduces Supplemental Fertilizer Nitrogen Requirement of Rice in Arkansas
Authors: Fulford Anthony M. , Roberts Trenton L. , Norman Richard J. , Slaton Nathan A. , Greub Chester E. , Davidson Jarom T.
Published: August 2019

The Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) and the Nitrogen Soil Test for Rice (N‐STaR) are alkaline hydrolyzable‐N (AH‐N) soil test methods that can potentially improve N fertilization of cereal crops by predicting a site‐specific fertilizer‐N rate; however, neither method has been evaluated for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown on clayey soils. The study objectives were to: (i) evaluate unfertilized (0 kg N ha−1) N uptake and yield response of rice to fertilizer‐N based on ISNT and N‐STaR soil test values of clayey soils sampled in 15‐cm increments to a 60‐cm depth and (ii) calibrate the fertilizer‐N rate required to achieve 95% relative grain yield (FN 95%RGY) with ISNT and N‐STaR. A significant and positive linear relationship (P ≤ 0.001) occurred between AH‐N (ISNT or N‐STaR) and rice‐N response, regardless of sampling depth. Unfertilized N uptake, unfertilized yield (Yield0N), or relative grain yield (%RGY0N) regressed on AH‐N exhibited coefficient of determination (r2) values as great as 0.82, 0.59, and 0.78, respectively. The ability of AH‐N to be calibrated to FN 95%RGY was influenced by sampling depth with the greatest r2 values occurring when clayey soils were sampled from ≤30 cm. The ISNT and N‐STaR explained as much as 90 and 95% of the variability in FN 95%RGY, respectively, at the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth. Alkaline hydrolyzable‐N soil test methods, such as ISNT and N‐STaR, provided an accurate indication of rice response to fertilizer‐N and have the potential to improve fertilizer‐N rate recommendations for rice grown on clayey soils.

Core Ideas

Inability to predict rice supplemental fertilizer‐N requirement limits usefulness of N recommendations.

Sampling depth influenced correlation between alkaline hydrolyzable‐N and rice fertilizer‐N responsiveness.

Alkaline hydrolyzable‐N accurately predicted supplemental N requirement across variously N‐fertile clayey soils.
Axiological vs. Communicative Aspects in Socio-Cultural Tradition Studies
Authors: Илларионов Григорий , Illarionov Grigoriy
Published: September 2019

The paper features the problem of correlation between two approaches to the phenomenon of tradition. The value approach sees tradition as a stable and transferable object. The communicative approach considers tradition as a construct that reflects the current perception of the past. The author analyzed the reasons for the formation of positions and their ratio. A phenomenological analysis proved that the separation and opposition of both approaches is structurally conditioned. The transfer of tradition involves its deconstruction, i.e. isolation of its substantial core from the context of the past to reconstruct it in the context of the present. Transfer depends on the type of communication, which, by developing from non-written to digital, increased the gap between the contexts of the transmitter and the recipient. As a result, the tradition is getting more deconstructed, while its core is becoming more susceptible to change. The value and communicative components of the tradition reflect the views on its different parts-reconstruction and deconstruction, respectively. The value approach assumes the point of view from the side of reconstruction, or reproduction of the core of tradition: this approach goes "from within" tradition and denies the deconstructive aspect. The communicative approach is a view from the side of deconstruction while striving to objectify the tradition. The communicative approach demonstrates the core of the tradition, thus putting the subject beyond the frame of values, outside the tradition. Hence, the principle of complementarity should be applied when considering tradition, both in its specific forms and in the conceptual aspect.
Coupled removal of Rhodamine B and Cu2+ by activating persulfate using micron zero-valent iron
Authors: Huo Xiaowei , Liu Yunxin , Liu Sijie , Zhou Peng , Li Haishen , Yang Bo , Yang Dan , Zhang Yongli
Published: August 2019

In this study, micron zero-valent iron (ZVI) was used to activate persulfate (PS) for the coupled removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Cu2+. It was observed that the removal of RhB could be significantly enhanced with Cu2+ compared with that of the case without Cu2+. In addition, the reaction reduced the RhB by 96% within 10 min, and meanwhile reduced the Cu2+ by 60% within 120 min. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that, on the one hand, Cu2+ species could be turned into Cu0 and Cu+ species; on the other hand, PS and Cu2+ could first accelerate the corrosion of ZVI to release Fe2+. Then, in situ generated Cu+ and Fe2+ further decomposed PS to produce ·SO4− and ·OH, which could take part in the removal of RhB. In addition, the ZVI/PS/Cu2+ system also showed a wider pH working range than the ZVI/PS system. Our study proved that simultaneous removal of heavy metal and organic compound in the ZVI/PS/Cu2+ system was feasible.
Acompanhamento Terapêutico: considerando a ‘rua’ como suporte de enunciação na clínica das psicoses
Authors: TROIS João Fernando
Published: August 2019

Este artigo é um ensio sobre a prática do Acompanhante Terapêutico, em suas caminhadas pela cidade, compreendendo a rua como espaço clínico que possa favorecer a construção de condições de enunciações pedestres a seus acompanhados. Busca acompanhar a experiência da errância, na prática da deriva psicogeográfica realizada com sujeitos psicóticos, proposta no projeto de extensão “Isso mostra: Expressões do sujeito. Construindo enlaces sociais pela arte" realizado no Centro Universitário Metodista do Sul -  IPA. Este projeto, relaciona as práticas de Acompanhamento Terapêutico ao trabalho em oficinas de criatividade, onde as trajetórias pela cidade transliteram-se em imagens e palavras escritas e desenhadas pelos sujeitos com diagnóstico de psicose. Considera-se que tais práticas permitam a seus participantes construir formas próprias de estar no mundo em situação, em relação, possibilitado um suporte expressivo para si mesmo e para o endereçamento aos seus outros, proporcionando-lhe reconhecer-se num laço social possível.
Medicinal Plants As Natural Polarizers of Macrophages: Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Effects
Authors: Davoodvandi Amirhossein , Sahebnasagh Roxana , Mardanshah Omid , Asemi Zatollah , Nejati Majid , Shahrzad Mohammad K. , Mirzaei Hamid R. , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: August 2019

Macrophages are one of the crucial mediators of the immune response in different physiological and pathological conditions. These cells have critical functions in the inflammation mechanisms that are involved in the inhibition or progression of a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc. It has been shown that macrophages are generally divided into two subtypes, M1 and M2, which are distinguished on the basis of their different gene expression patterns and phenotype. M1 macrophages are known as pro-inflammatory cells and are involved in inflammatory mechanisms, whereas M2 macrophages are known as anti-inflammatory cells that are involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory pathways. M2 macrophages help in tissue healing via producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence indicated that the appearance of different macrophage subtypes is associated with the fate of diseases (progression versus suppression). Hence, polarization of macrophages can be introduced as an important venue in finding, designing and developing novel therapeutic approaches. Albeit, there are different pharmacological agents that are used for the treatment of various disorders, it has been shown that several natural compounds have the potential to regulate M1 to M2 macrophage polarization and vice versa. Herein, for the first time, we summarized new insights into the pharmacological effects of natural compounds on macrophage polarization.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests, Serum Electrolytes and Creatinine Levels Before and After 131I Therapy
Authors: Mehmood Rubaida , Khan Muhammed S. , Hussain Sajid , Ahmed Akhlaque , Arshad Farhatul-Ain , Mukhtar Rubina
Published: August 2019

Background:

Serum electrolytes, Creatinine, and thyroid profile play an important role in
131I treated patients of thyroid disorders.

Objectives:

To determine the effect of radioactive iodine (131I) on renal parameters, serum electrolytes
and the correlation among TFT’S, creatinine, and chloride levels before and after I131 treatment in
thyroid disorders.

Methods:

The study was performed on 55 patients of thyrotoxicosis with age ranging from 16-65 years
(mean age= 41±14years and BMI=24.8±4.46). The significance of the differences between the results
of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-time serum analysis was assessed by paired Student's t-test. Association between
parameters was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis.

Results:

40 patients were taking Carbimazole, and 15 were directly recommended for I131 therapy.
Strongly significant variations were observed for TFT’S (T3=0.012, T4 =0.017, and TSH=0. 001) during
the follow-up treatment. Before taking I131 (Serum analyzed at 1st time), there observed negative
correlation of T3(r=-.46, p=0. 002) and TSH (r=-0.31, p=0.02) with creatinine, and positive correlation
of TSH(r=0.29,p=0.02) with chloride. BMI was negatively correlated with potassium(r=-0.30, p=0.02).
At the 2nd time (after stopping the Carbimazole), no correlation results were observed. Two months
after oral administration of 131I, creatinine, and chloride level was significantly increased (p=0.000),
(P=0. 03) respectively, but had no correlation with TFT’S.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that patients with goiter (diffused or toxic) have association of TFT’S
and BMI with serum electrolytes and creatinine, 131I therapy is also associated with the increase in
creatinine and chloride levels of patients leading to kidney problems.
Shear strength of brick mortar interface for masonry in Lima city
Authors: Lavado Luis , Gallardo Jorge
Published: September 2019

Masonry structures constitute a large proportion of the building inventory in Lima and in most cities in Peru, mainly because of their benefits in terms of low cost, good mechanical properties and easily worked. It was observed in the cyclic loading test of masonry walls carried out at CISMID that the modes of failures can be mainly generated by shear forces. Based on the previous information, it is known that diagonal cracking and slip of the mortar-brick joints are the dominant failure mechanisms of confined masonry walls. 

In order to determine the mechanical behavior in the mortar-brick joint, an experimental program was carried out, by using industrial and handmade bricks. The test specimens were specifically designed to transmit pure shear along the bed joints under certain constant levels of compressive stress normal to the bed joint. The results of experimental shear tests are presented and discussed. It is then found a consistency between the behavior of masonry joints under shear with the Mohr Coulomb criterion. The shear failure capacity was influenced by the brick type, pre-compression load level and mortar type. It is also noticed in this experimental study that the pre-compressive stress normal to the bed joints significantly increase the shear strength of the mortar-brick joint.
Self-Assessment of experimental and numerical computer models developed at CISMID based on a bench-mark model developed in Japan at 1994
Authors: Rojas Victor Pool , Rojas Carlos
Published: September 2019

This article reports the state-of-the-art of the implementation of finite element modeling for clay masonry walls under lateral loads. Important work had been developed at CIMID Laboratory of Structures in clay walls under lateral loads and, according to the review, nowadays, researches mainly report experimental tests with their numerical nonlinear models. This process is important to validate and complement their results. Bench-mark model developed in 1994 at Chiba University had been selected to evaluate all work developed at CISMID in these recently years.  The evaluation uses three variables: 1) The study evaluated include experimental results for masonry walls, (2) The study evaluated use nonlinear models for interaction between mortar and bricks, and (3) The study evaluated record their results with graphics showing the failure process. Finally, evaluate these models with finite elements demand high costs because the hardware and software requirements. However, the acquisition of a computer for High Performance Computing is necessary to afford this kind of research.
PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN DALAM BENTUK DIALOG UNTUK MELATIH KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA MANDARIN SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 2 MALANG
Authors: Wijaya Erfan Mokhamad
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penerapan metode bermain peran dalam bentuk dialog untuk melatih keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas XI SMAN 2 Malang pada mata pelajaran bahasa Mandarin, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI LMT bahasa Mandarin semester genap tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua siswa aktif dan antusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode bermain peran dalam bentuk dialog. Selain itu, siswa juga berpendapat bahwa metode bermain peran dalam bentuk dialog ini perlu diterapkan pada pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin, khususnya pada pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode bermain peran dalam bentuk dialog terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu metode yang efektif dan menyenangkan untuk pembelajaran berbicara bahasa Mandarin.
Implementation of Auteur Theory in The Butler (2013): Race-Relationship between Whites and Blacks
Authors: Wiraatmaja Triastama
Published: August 2019

The objectives of this study are to show the depiction of racism, which are followed by prejudice and discrimination towards black Americans based on context-relationship with The Butler (2013) during 1920s until 1960s. This article used a qualitative method with auteur theory, mise-en-scene and thick description. Based on The Butler (2013), this study show that racism, which were followed by prejudice and discrimination towards blacks, emerged caused by slavestereotyping which stressed blacks as inferior and whites that uphold white-supremacy concept, as superior. Apparently that through The Butler, Lee Daniels wants to highlight that actually public policies or government laws which regulate citizens’ civil rights and slavery are not adequate to restrain or eradicate racism towards blacks American.
Racismo y daguerrotipos. Retratos de personas de origen africano y asiático para Louis Agassiz, 1850
Authors: Masferrer León Cristina Verónica
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el vínculo entre el racismo y los daguerrotipos de personas afrodescendientes y de chinas que fueron obtenidos a petición de Louis Agassiz, quien nutrió esta doctrina con sus teorías sobre la diversidad humana. La investigación se guía por dos miradas contrastantes. La primera busca aproximarnos a la manera que Agassiz observaba las imágenes que Joseph Zealy y Lorenzo Chase hicieron para él en 1850, mientras que la segunda, responde a un posicionamiento como historiadores y antropólogos, para descubrir aspectos centrales sobre las personas de origen africano y asiático que aparecen en estos daguerrotipos.
Análisis de las actividades del plan de manejo ambiental de la Empresa Eléctrica C.A. en la Ciudad de Azogues
Authors: Cabrera-Cárdenas Glenda E. , Solís-Muñoz Juan B. , Quevedo-Vázquez Jorge O. , Ormaza-Andrade Jorge E.
Published: August 2019

La Empresa Eléctrica Azogues C.A., de acuerdo con lo establecido en la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad N° 37, debe realizar la determinación del valor provisionado por concepto de desmantelamiento, retiro y remediación ambiental de la Subestación Azogues 2 una vez finalizada su vida útil. La Subestación cuenta con un Plan de Manejo Ambiental para la etapa de retiro, realizado en 2009, como parte del Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Definitivo para la construcción y retiro de la Subestación Azogues 2. En el presente documento se procederá a la determinación de los valores que tendrá la ejecución de estas actividades planteadas, según el estudio de mercado con fecha 31 de diciembre de 2016. La investigación siguió un enfoque de tipo cualitativo a partir del método deductivo y del uso de documentos históricos que posee la Empresa Eléctrica Azogues C.A. Asimismo, se seleccionó información de las distintas áreas y se realizaron entrevistas a los colaboradores de todos los departamentos, a fin de corroborar la calidad en cuanto a la atención prestada por la empresa. Entre sus conclusiones se pudo constatar que la Empresa Eléctrica Azogues C.A., a través del acatamiento de las actividades determinadas en el PMA ha logrado cumplir con lo dispuesto en la legislación ambiental vigente, reduciendo impactos negativos de las actividades de la Empresa sobre el entorno, lo cual no sólo beneficia al medio ambiente sino también a la población.

 
Incentivo del liderazgo compartido en la Educación Superior
Authors: Lombeida-Carballo Miguel Á.
Published: August 2019

Los nuevos retos en la educación superior de hoy requieren nuevas formas de liderazgo. Un ambiente financiero muy volátil, el incremento de las asociaciones corporativas internacionales, mayores presiones en la rendición de cuentas, la necesidad de nuevos modelos de negocio, las nuevas tecnologías y los cambios demográficos son solo algunos de estos desafíos, que requieren soluciones de liderazgo que se prueban tanto dentro como fuera de la educación superior. El liderazgo compartido consistentemente surge como un factor clave para las organizaciones que tienen mayor capacidad de aprender, innovar, actuar y adaptarse a los tipos de desafíos externos que los campus ahora enfrentan. El liderazgo compartido se define como alejarse de la figura líder / seguidor; capitalizando la importancia de líderes en toda la organización, no solo los que ocupan cargos de autoridad; y creando una infraestructura para que las organizaciones puedan beneficiarse del liderazgo de múltiples personas.

Este informe examina cómo un contexto ambiental cambiante en la educación superior requiere un nuevo liderazgo, habilidades y enfoques, siendo el principal de ellos los principios del liderazgo compartido. Se revisa el nuevo ambiente de liderazgo, la investigación sobre liderazgo compartido y el pequeño cuerpo de investigación en educación superior.
Estilos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Gualancañay-Tomalá Norka P.
Published: August 2019

Se presenta una investigación documental de carácter exploratorio cuyo objetivo fue analizar las propuestas sobre los estilos de aprendizaje (EA) de los estudiantes de bachillerato que se han planteado en la literatura especializada en los últimos 5 años. Para la selección de artículos científicos relevantes se realizó una búsqueda en Google Académico con descriptores en idioma español y luego en Scopus con descriptores en idioma inglés. Luego de eliminar duplicados y aplicar los criterios de inclusión-exclusión quedó un total de 36 referencias válidas (Scopus=28 y GA=8). Los resultados precisaron 7 tipos de propuestas en los EA de los estudiantes de bachillerato, donde 3 propuestas comparan los EA con diferentes variables (TICS, pedagógicas y psicológicas), siendo estas propuestas una tendencia importante del 69,44% (25 artículos), por otro lado, existen propuestas minoritarias como identificar preferencias entre EA, identificar EA a través de instrumentos, estrategias para el desarrollo de EA y describir EA. Se concluye que la literatura reconoce la importancia de las TICS, la pedagogía y la psicología para entender más de cerca la complejidad de los EA de los estudiantes de bachillerato, en aras del éxito académico en el aula. El reto actual de los docentes, inicia en el reconocimiento de las características innatas que tiene cada uno de sus estudiantes para aprender y asimilar información de su entorno, saber que todos los estudiantes pueden aprender fácilmente cuando se conoce los EA y diseña e implementa actividades pedagógicas acorde a los EA de sus estudiantes, es decir se requiere innovar de forma permanente y fortalecer vínculos afectivos para obtener mejores resultados.

 
Acoustic pollution and its incidence in population health along Alejo Lascano Avenue in Jipijapa city – Ecuador
Authors: Osejos-Merino Miguel A. , Cano-Andrade Rocío J. , Chasing-Guagua Edison A. , Aguilar-Cano Cesar A. , Chasing-Salazar Shirley A.
Published: August 2019

This research entitled: "Acoustic pollution and its incidence in population health along Alejo Lascano Avenue in Jipijapa city - Ecuador." The methodology that was used basically was the one of previous observation, the application of different instruments that were used beside tabulation and interpretation of results. Surveys were carried out to determine the knowledge of population about noise pollution and possible effects that this causes in daily life. Monitoring was carried out to measure the decibels caused by noise, they were put through in three different points, in a period of two months (August and September), on working days (Monday and Tuesday) and non-working days (Saturday and Sunday), rush hours in the morning (08H00-08H30), noon (12H00-12H30) and afternoon (17H00-17H30). The highest level of noise in August was presented at midday (12H00-12H30) on Monday 7 at point 1 of Alejo Lascano Ave. Km.1  Puerto Cayo road with a maximum average of 102.5 decibels dB (A) in September the highest noise level was at the same time on Tuesday the 11th at point 2 a maximum average of 103.7 decibels dB (A) was given, these values being higher than permissible in Ecuador, recommended by the TULSMA that is 55 decibels dB (A). Through surveys it was established the possible damages caused by noise pollution in Alejo Lascano Avenue Km.1 Puerto Cayo road in Jipijapa city with physiological and psychological effects. The environmental impact caused by noise is high, causing harmful effects on population such as possible hearing loss, headaches, nervous system alterations, stress that harm human health.