bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« La ligne de couleur » dans l’histoire de crioulo, criollo et créole
Authors: Klimenkowa Alla
Published: May 2024

Selon les sources primaires dans des langues coloniales différentes, le terme esp. criollo et ses homologues en fr. créole et pt. crioulo (Cap-Vert) ont fait référence dès le début de leur emploi à tous ceux qui étaient nés dans les colonies, à l’exception des peuples indigènes, sans être limités par une quelconque caractéristique. Il existe, néanmoins, des affirmations parmi plusieurs chercheurs que le terme était lié dès le début au phénotype blanc, spécialement dans la Caraïbe française. Pour résoudre cette discordance, cette contribution se centre particulièrement sur son usage comme référence aux descendants des colons européens en Amérique espagnole, au Cap-Vert portugais et aux Antilles françaises au cours de la période du XVIe au XIXe siècle. Ce qui est remarquable dans ces trois contextes est une disparité entre l’usage des termes dits « raciaux », en ce qui concerne aussi bien leur sémantique que leur connotation, dans les communautés coloniales d’un côté, et dans les communautés européennes respectives de l’autre. Dans chacun de ces trois contextes, criollo, créole ou crioulo représentait le pivot central d’un discours politique. C’est du seul point de vue européocentriste que le terme a été associé au phénotype (la couleur blanche) et à la généalogie (la provenance européenne). Les sources primaires révèlent que tant le crioulo du Cap-Vert que esp. criollo, español et mestizo ou le créole antillais n’étaient aucunement liés qu’aux traits physiologiques, sur place ils marquaient plutôt l’identité culturelle.
La course aux hommages et aux commémorations entre les lieux de mémoire parisiens
Authors: Rieucau Jean
Published: May 2024

La société française est traversée par une multitude de récits, de contre-récits, d’énonciations du passé. Le pays commémore beaucoup les grandes pages de son histoire. Une forte demande sociale concerne la reconnaissance nationale de figures d’incarnation non encore célébrées (héros, anti-héros, personnalités, modèles, martyrs), tant féminines que masculines. Il en résulte une surenchère de célébrations, de commémorations, d’anniversaires et d’hommages. Les grandes institutions de la République (Panthéon, Hôtel des Invalides, Palais du Louvre, Arc de triomphe, crypte de la Sorbonne) et de nouveaux acteurs mémoriels (Mairie de Paris), rendent des hommages de portée nationale, honorant les grandes figures du pays. Les principaux cimetières parisiens (Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Mont-Valérien) participent également à ces hommages nationaux.
L’atmosphère meurtrière de Hong Kong
Authors: Decaudin Maxime
Published: May 2024

Les découvertes de la fin du xixe siècle, surtout en minéralogie et en microbiologie, ont progressivement fait cesser les spéculations scientifiques au sujet d’un des phénomènes les plus étranges de l’histoire de la colonisation de Hong Kong : son atmosphère meurtrière. Décrits par de nombreux naturalistes, les mystérieux effets dévastateurs du climat s’articulent autour d’un double paradoxe. D’une part, bien avant que l’île ne soit occupée par l’armée britannique, les observateurs érudits de la fin du xviiie et du début du xixe siècle s’interrogent sur l’influence néfaste que le climat semble avoir sur la végétation locale. Située au niveau du tropique du Cancer, la région de Canton, à laquelle les îles de Hong Kong appartiennent, est l’une des plus riches et des plus peuplées de l’Empire chinois. Les Européens s’attendent donc à y découvrir des paysages fertiles et cultivés ainsi que de vastes jungles tropicales. Or, ils s’étonnent systématiquement de l’absence de forêt dont ils cherchent sans succès à déceler les causes naturelles. L’étrangeté du phénomène vaudra même à Hong Kong le surnom de barren rock, ou « rocher aride », dans la presse anglophone lorsqu’en avril 1841, la nouvelle de son acquisition parvient à Londres. D’autre part, au cours des premières années de l’occupation britannique, l’île s’avère rapidement invivable pour les soldats et les premiers colons qui y sont régulièrement victimes d’incessantes vagues d’épidémies baptisées Hongkong fever, ou fièvre hongkongaise. Appliquant les théories médicales néohippocratiques en vigueur au milieu du xixe siècle, les médecins coloniaux assurent que les agents pathogènes émanent, comme ailleurs sous les tropiques, de la végétation en décomposition. Cette conclusion suscite une vive controverse : comment est-il possible qu’une île dépourvue de forêt, connue pour son aridité et surnommée barren rock, le « rocher stérile », puisse favoriser une quelconque décomposition végétale ? Dubitatifs, les contemporains élaborent d’autres hypothèses, parfois contradictoires, qui conduisent même certains à recommander l’abandon immédiat de l’île. S’appuyant sur un corpus des comptes rendus écrits avant et après l’occupation de l’île en 1841, cet article propose d’analyser les conséquences de ce phénomène paradoxal sur le processus de colonisation. Quels types d’inquiétudes la mystérieuse nocivité de l’atmosphère suscite-t-elle alors chez les colons ? Comment les différentes théories médicales en cours au milieu du xixe siècle génèrent-elles de nouvelles anxiétés ?
L’enseignement moral et civique à l’aune des questions laïques
Authors: Desmery Kéren
Published: May 2024

L’enseignement moral et civique (EMC) est le résultat d’une conception aussi laborieuse que courageuse en regard des obstacles qu’il a dû affronter pour être effectif au sein des établissements publics en France entre 2015 et 2017. De l’annonce d’une « morale laïque » à un « enseignement laïque de la morale » puis d’un « enseignement moral et civique », la gestation de cet EMC a mis en exergue le rapport singulier, voire épineux du système éducatif à la notion de morale, mais aussi de laïcité et la dualité persistante avec l’enseignement des faits religieux. À peine instauré, l’EMC a fait l’objet d’une réécriture totale en 2018 au profit d’une culture non plus « morale », mais « civique », mettant sa neutralité à rude épreuve et laissant présager in fine un retour à l’instruction civique « d’antan ».
Retour sur la co-construction de stratégies de recomposition spatiale. Le cas de l’Occitanie (France)
Authors: Valette Hélène Rey , Richard Alexandre , Michel Laura , Richard-Ferroudji Audrey , Heurtefeux Hugues , Lecha Victor , Barral Marc , Cabrit Amandine , Netter Sarah , Lanzellotti Provence
Published: May 2024

L’accroissement des risques côtiers lié à la montée du niveau de la mer nécessite des mesures d’adaptation dynamique pour une recomposition spatiale des territoires littoraux. Les enjeux d’appropriation de ces mesures et d’opérationnalisation sont majeurs, multiniveaux et au croisement de différentes politiques : aménagement, tourisme, gestion des risques, et cetera. Face à ces enjeux, cet article rend compte, dans le cas de la région Occitanie, d’un processus de co-construction d’une politique de recomposition spatiale et de sa gouvernance. En pratique, cela s’est traduit dans la co-construction d’un référentiel régional, la mise en place d’une communauté de pratique et l’adaptation des dispositifs de gouvernance territoriale. Cet article propose une analyse réflexive de cette co-construction. En premier lieu, le processus (30 mois au total) est retranscrit sous forme de chronique en détaillant la diversité et la complémentarité des modalités mises en œuvre. Les principaux acquis (définition commune, principes d’action, échelle d’intervention, typologie temporelle des actions) et les choix d’un format de gouvernance sont ensuite présentés, puis discutés par rapport à leur contribution à la constitution progressive d’une communauté de pratique et aux types de contraintes rencontrées. Les apports à la communauté de pratique sont analysés en termes d’échanges de connaissance, de mutualisations et d’apprentissages collectifs. Ce retour réflexif est porteur d’enseignements pour les acteurs locaux mais aussi plus largement pour l’adaptation des territoires littoraux.
Les changements climatiques et les critères et indicateurs d’aménagement durable des forêts : plaidoyer pour une vision élargie des relations communauté-forêt au Canada
Authors: Montpetit Annie , Nadeau Solange , Chiasson Guy , Doyon Frédérik
Published: May 2024

La dépendance des communautés envers la forêt dans un contexte canadien est un objet d’études depuis plusieurs décennies. Cependant, à la fin des années 1990 et au début 2000, les communautés canadiennes dites dépendantes de la forêt ont fait l’objet de plusieurs études dans le contexte de la mise en œuvre du développement durable et des critères et indicateurs d’aménagement durable des forêts. Malgré une reconnaissance que les relations communauté-forêt soient multi dimensionnelles, les critères et indicateurs déployés, au Canada, pour mesurer l’atteinte des objectifs de durabilité des collectivités tributaires de la forêt ont été surtout liés à l’économie de l’industrie forestière. Cette emphase économique restreinte est particulièrement problématique dans un contexte de changements climatiques puisque ces derniers affectent les communautés sur un ensemble élargi de valeurs. Cet article met en exergue la nécessité de réviser les critères et indicateurs d’aménagement durable des forêts sous l’angle de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques. La démarche est nourrie par un double objectif : assurer un meilleur suivi des collectivités et identifier les synergies entre l’aménagement forestier durable et l’adaptation aux changements climatiques.
Usages et conflits liés à l’eau en Bretagne méridionale aux XIIe et XVe siècles
Authors: Rabot Brice
Published: May 2024

La Bretagne méridionale présente un réseau hydrographique riche et contrasté, qui marque en profondeur les territoires en les organisant en bassins plus ou moins ouverts sur la façade maritime ou l’intérieur des terres. L’eau est indispensable pour produire les denrées mais aussi pour échanger et pour percevoir des revenus. Les seigneurs tirent profit des rivières et des marais en imposant des types de prélèvements différents. Les logiques d’organisation de l’espace, liant usages de l’eau et conflits, permettent d’esquisser certains traits des sociétés rurales médiévales : comment étaient organisés les prélèvements ? Comment appréhender les conflits à travers les sources ? Sur quels outils les seigneurs prenaient-ils appui pour les résoudre et asseoir leurs droits ? En croisant les approches historique et géographique, cet article se propose d’esquisser quelques traits essentiels pour une thématique qui reste encore largement à explorer.
Intérêts des remplissages des dolines dans l’étude des paléoenvironnements du Mont-Liban : cas des dolines du Jabal Kneisseh et de Faouar Dara
Authors: Kupélian Laurent , Nehme Carole , Gérard Pierre-Charles , Bataillé Marie-Paule , Mouralis Damase
Published: May 2024

Ce travail discute l’intérêt des remplissages des dolines dans l’étude des paléoenvironnements du Mont-Liban. Le carottage de deux séquences du bassin versant du Nahr Beyrouth s’inscrivant dans des contextes géomorphologiques distincts ont été étudiées. La première est extraite d’une doline du haut plateau du Jabal Kneisseh (KD2) et la seconde, de la doline tectono-karstique de Faouar Dara (FD). Les analyses sédimentologiques et géochimiques visent à identifier et interpréter les potentiels indicateurs de transport et déposition du matériel jusque dans les dolines. Le cadre chronologique des séquences a été obtenu par datations AMS C14 de fragments de charbons de bois. Les données analysées de la séquence du Jabal Kneisseh soutiennent l’hypothèse de la présence de couverts végétal et pédologique à la surface du haut plateau qui se seraient progressivement érodés suite à divers épisodes d’incendies durant l’Holocène tardif (~2429–2000 cal. BP). Les résultats à FD suggèrent un lien entre le remplissage de la doline et l’évolution de l’occupation du sol en amont durant le dernier millénaire (~973–795 cal. BP), potentiellement en lien avec une migration en altitude des activités agro-pastorales.
Injury risk factors related to sport specialization in high school basketball: a prospective study.
Authors: Post Eric G. , Rivera Matthew J. , Robison Hannah J. , Rauh Mitchell J. , McGuine Timothy A. , Simon Janet E.
Published: May 2024

Context

Research that has examined the association between specialization and injury in basketball has been limited to cross-sectional or retrospective studies.

Objective

To determine whether specialization is a risk factor for injury among high school basketball athletes.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Basketball players from 12 high schools participating in the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATION-SP) were recruited prior to the 2022-2023 interscholastic basketball season.

Patients or Other Participants

130 athletes (mean age (SD) = 15.6 (1.3); girls’ basketball: n=68 (52.3%)).

Main Outcome Measures

Participants completed a questionnaire prior to the start of their school basketball season that had questions regarding participation in various specialized sport behaviors. During the basketball season, the school’s athletic trainer reported all athletic exposures (AEs) and injuries (regardless of time loss) for participating athletes into NATION-SP. Injury incidence (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] were calculated for the specialized sport behaviors previously described.

Results

There was no difference in injury risk between highly specialized and low specialized athletes (IRR [95%CI]: 1.9 [0.9, 3.7]). Players who participated in basketball year-round were twice as likely to sustain an injury compared to those who did not play year-round (IRR [95%CI]: 2.1 [1.1, 3.6]). Similarly, players who reported participating in basketball skills camps were at increased risk of injury compared to athletes who did not participate in basketball skill camps (IRR [95%CI]: 2.5 [1.2, 5.7]).

Conclusion

Injury risk related to sport specialization in basketball may be specific to certain behaviors such as year-round play and participation in skills camps. Validated measures of comprehensive sport activity are needed to better measure specialization in youth sports to better determine injury risk related to sport specialization and develop injury prevention programs for basketball athletes.
Perception to Hydroxyurea Therapy in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Korubo Kaladada I. , Onodingene Nkemsinachi Maryanne , Okoye Helen Chioma , Omunakwe Hannah E.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hydroxyurea (HU) is an hemoglobin F inducing agent used in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD).

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the perception of HU by people living with SCD.

Materials and Methods:

A pretested questionnaire was self-administered to known cases of SCD attending pediatrics and adult hematology clinics in three participating centers. Mothers of children <18 years responded on their behalf.

Results:

There were 101 responders, 49 (48.5%) males and 52 (51.5%) females, of which 24 (23.8%) were children <18 years and 77 (76.2%) were adults. The majority (n = 73, 72.3%) knew their phenotype. Up to 63 (62.4%) had crises in the past 3 months. Only 35 (34.7%) had heard of HU, many through their doctor (n = 16, 45.7%), 8 (22.9%) through online resources, and 7 (20%) from friends. Only 12 (11.9%) had been exposed to HU therapy, of which 5 (41.7%) had discontinued therapy mostly due to side effects (n = 2, 40%). The seven patients (58.3%) on continuous HU therapy for a duration of 6 months to over 5 years, all reported reduced hospital admissions and frequency of crises as benefits of the drug, whereas 4 (57.1%) had stopped requiring blood transfusion since starting therapy. Of those who had never taken HU, 53 (52.5%) believed that HU should be used in treating SCD and majority (n = 32, 60.4%) would want to be commenced on the drug. However, 8 (15.1%) would decline therapy (mostly due to perceived associated side effects; n = 4; 50%). Six (11.3%) were unsure if they would want the drug and 7 (13.2%) would have to discuss the decision first with their family. There were 8 (8.9%) responders who did not think HU will be beneficial in SCD and would decline treatment, while 26 (29.2%) were unsure of both the benefits of the drug or of commencing therapy.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study suggest that HU is beneficial for patients with SCD; however, the awareness of this medication among SCD patients is still low in our environment. Some SCD patients would decline the use of HU due to perceived side effects. We recommend that more awareness on HU be created and coordinated multi-center studies on the efficacy of HU in the Nigerian population be carried out.
Selfie-Driven Thyroid Disease Leads
Authors: Panchangam Ramakanth Bhargav , Kota Sunil Kumar , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Taking a photograph of self alone or with a group called selfie, has become modern-day rage with spurt in smartphone technology. It has catapulted from a hobby into psychiatric ailment, especially among teens and young adults. Although it is considered a psychiatric ailment keeping them aloof from social interactions, we observed an inadvertent advantage in this process. In this context, we present some intriguing findings in this study.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was based on compilation of 14 cases from endocrine surgery outpatient cum inpatient database collected over 2 years’ period. The inclusion criteria are the chief complaint (CC) was noted only after watching the selfie picture and not otherwise; the CC leads them to consult physician; the picture was captured by oneself or other person who was also part of that image; and the CC leads to definitive diagnosis of thyroid disease requiring treatment. All other clinical, investigative, and treatment (medical and surgical) were studied.

Results:

In all, we had 14/5820 (0.0024%) cases meeting the above criteria. CC and later confirmed in pictures were four cases of Grave's disease associated ophthalmopathic exophthalmos, eight cases of goiter, and two cases of facial puffiness (myxedema related). All these CC helped in investigating for the diagnosis of Graves’ disease (4), nodular goiter (8), and hypothyroidism (2) confirmed by appropriate investigations. Ten cases underwent thyroidectomy (two of the nodular goiter cases were papillary thyroid cancer) and four cases took conservative medical treatment.

Conclusions:

Although selfie is considered a modern-day lifestyle-induced psychiatric illness, it can inadvertently help in picking up thyroid diseases in earlier stages.
Relevance of skin prick test, serum total immunoglobulin E, and absolute eosinophil counts in asthma patients
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Mavi Anil Kumar , Singh Kamal , Kumar Raj
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Asthma is a multifaceted condition defined by chronic airway inflammation. Skin prick test (SPT), serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), and absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) estimation are commonly available tools for evaluating allergen sensitization.

OBJECTIVE:

The present study evaluates the sensitivity to common aeroallergens and also compares serum tIgE and AEC levels with spirometry in Indian individuals with a history of allergy symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An observational prospective study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Viswanathan Chest Hospital, VPCI, Delhi, between 2017 and 2019. Two hundred asthma patients diagnosed as per the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines undergo SPT against a battery of common aeroallergens and measured serum tIgE and AEC.

RESULTS:

Out of 200 cases, the overall prevalence of common aeroallergens sensitization was found to be 57% (114) in asthmatic patients (atopic). SPT positivity to common aeroallergens was highest in people between the ages of 21 and 30 and lowest in people over 50. The most prevalent annoying aeroallergens were found to be weed pollens (14%), house dust mites (11%), fungi (10.5%), tree pollen (9.5%), dust (6%), kapok cotton (5.5%), grass pollen (3.5%), silk (1.5%), and wool (1%). The mean tIgE was higher in atopic asthmatic patients than in nonatopic asthmatic patients (553.25 ± 218.12 IU/ml and 489.1 ± 251.16 IU/ml; P = 0.056).

CONCLUSION:

In the present study, we found that insects are the most common offending aeroallergens with higher SPT sensitivity and serum tIgE in atopic patients. Spirometry severity is not affected by allergens sensitivity in asthma patients.
To assess activity-related dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Sahni Subah , Singh Devendra Kumar , Sarwat Tarana , Verma Rahul , Mishra Jyoti , Gupta Mohan Bandhu
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. COPD is a growing global health concern affecting over 300 million people worldwide and contributing to ~3 million deaths every year. COPD being a respiratory disorder affects the daily routine activities of people and causes immobilization and makes them bedridden due to dyspnea causing activity limitation. This study aimed to assess this activity-related dyspnea in COPD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among COPD patients. Patients were assessed based on a detailed history, thorough clinical examination, chest X-ray, sputum for Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and electrocardiogram to fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, spirometry, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and Borg’s scale were used to assess the activity-related dyspnea grading.

RESULTS:

Among 110 participants, the mean age was 57.51 ± 10.86 years with equal gender distribution. The majority of participants (33.6%) showed mMRC grade II dyspnea and medium range CAT category and obstructive pattern on spirometry (92.7%). Hence, there was a linear correlation between the CAT score and the mMRC dyspnea score.

CONCLUSION:

Based on our findings, we can conclude that these patients’ activities of daily living should be examined, and patients should be directed by a complete multidisciplinary team to offer them better advice to prevent, diagnose, and early treatment of dyspnea.
Omalizumab for the management of refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Kathuria P.C. , Rai Manisha
Published: May 2024

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a heterogeneous, systemic, primarily mast cell-driven disease with sudden appearance of wheals with or without angioedema with pruritus for more than 6 weeks. It affects 0.3%–0.6% of the general population. CSU is a complex immune-mediated disease due to induction of basophil and mast cell degranulation with more than one mechanism of auto-allergy Type I (mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) targeting auto-allergens as thyroperoxidase, etc.) and auto-immunity Type II (mediated by IgG auto-antibodies binding to alpha-subunit of high affinity IgE receptor [FcERI]) with increased expression of Type II cytokines and activation of coagulation cascade. Pruritus is due to sensory nerve activation by histaminergic pathway (Histamine receptors- H1R and H4R) and histamine-independent pathway (Substance P, Capsacin, and Reactive oxygen species, etc.). The international guidelines on CSU recommend to treat CSU until it is gone. The use of second-generation anti-histamine in effective dose as the first-line treatment and up-dosing of second generation (SgAH) up to four-fold is recommended in treatment-resistant patients. The humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody Omalizumab has been shown to have both excellent safety profiles as the only third-line treatment option in anti-histamine-resistant urticaria (approved by United States Food and Drug Administration in August, 2014). However, there are several questions to be answered with reference to the optimal dose, duration, and the rates of long-term remission with omalizumab. Other biologics as Ligelizumab are less well studied but have an important role in the specific type of omalizumab-resistant CSU. In this review, we will summarize the role of omalizumab in anti-histamine resistant CSU.
Need to raise awareness about self care practices among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Hiremath Ravishekar N. , Bhalla Sandeep , Ghodke Sandhya , Rai Seema , Raj Rishi , Singh Smakshi
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Globally, 36.9 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Like in chronic disease, many individuals may engage in self-initiated behaviors in HIV that are useful to maintain health, quality of life and perceptions of wellbeing. All these behaviors form the part of self-care activities.

METHODOLOGY:

This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a large tertiary care center. A total of 120 consecutive HIV-positive patients were included in the study.

RESULTS:

While 99% (101) of participants told that good diet is necessary to maintain health, only 42.2% (43) told that adherence to treatment is important. With respect to satisfactory knowledge regarding different attributes of self care, majority (79.4%) had knowledge regarding diet to be taken to stay healthy while only 37.3% had knowledge regarding precautions to be taken while preparing food, 28.4% in case suffering from diarrhea, skin problems (11.8%), fever (61.8%), cough (19.6%), vomiting (11.8%), and headache (45.6%) which were very low. With regard to overall knowledge status, 22.5% (95% confidence interval 14.9–31.89) had satisfactory score while 77.5% had unsatisfactory score. The test of significance revealed that there is statistically significant relation of knowledge regarding self-care with that of education and duration of HIV positivity.

CONCLUSION:

Findings showed low awareness regarding self-care to be taken, leading to low percentage of overall satisfactory knowledge level among respondents which is a matter of concern. This knowledge which is often neglected and is therefore vital for an HIV-positive person to be able to take care of himself at the right time and take the right actions to prevent the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life.
Impact of air pollutants, meteorological factors on pollen counts, and its association with patients emergency hospital visits in the North Delhi region
Authors: Kumar Raj , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Dheeresh , Mavi Anil Kumar , Singh Kamal , Mrigpuri Parul , Nagaraja Ravishankar
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants may affect pollen counts in the North Delhi region that produce a variety of pollen and it may affect patients with respiratory illness.

OBJECTIVE:

This study was planned to see the effect of meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants on pollen counts and its association with emergency hospital visits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

From 2015 to 2020, atmospheric pollen was collected (24-h sampling) using a Volumetric Burkard Air Sampler.

RESULTS:

The total pollen count was (n = 461,474) in the last 6 years and the maximum pollen count was (n = 85,363) observed in the year 2016. Pollen count was high (>500) in the months of March and April during the study tenure, however, October month of the year 2015 and 2017 also crossed this range of pollen count (>500). During the years 2015–2020, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide had a negative association with pollen count that was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but sulfur dioxide had a positive correlation that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Maximum emergency hospital visits were in 2019. Pollen count positively correlated with emergency hospital visits only for the year 2015.

CONCLUSION:

This study concludes that meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants have a significant influence on the pollen counts that may affect the patient’s hospital visits.
Parental knowledge, attitude toward asthma, and its correlation with compliance of asthma management in children
Authors: Silvia L. Caroline , Podhini J. , Palanisamy Soundararajan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Asthma is one of the common chronic illnesses in children affecting about 10-15% worldwide. Proper management of asthma depends on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the parents towards asthma which in turn will enable early intervention and prompt management.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the parental knowledge, attitude towards asthma and its correlation with the compliance of asthma management in children.

METHODOLOGY:

It is a cross-sectional observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital between January 2020 to December 2020.

RESULTS:

The study included 112 participants. Mothers were the predominant caregivers (72.3%). Family history of asthma was noticed in 42.8%. 88.4% knew that their child was suffering from asthma, 18% felt that asthma is contagious. Change in the climate (91.1%), dust (60.7%), respiratory infection (49.1%), and smoke (44.6%) were the common triggers. 15% tried an alternate system of medication. Majority (87%) had moderate knowledge, 92 (82%) showed good practices. 56 (50%) exhibited negative attitude. Nearly 60% of the participants preferred inhaler therapy. The causes for non-adherence to inhaler therapy were fear of addiction (46.7%), child refusing inhaler (40%), cost of therapy (40%) and child being symptom free in between episodes (37.8%).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study revealed a moderate level of knowledge and good practices towards childhood asthma among the parents of asthmatic children. Better knowledge and good practices among the parents strongly correlated with mother being the participant of the study, educational status, positive family history of asthma and persistent asthma symptoms. Better knowledge and positive attitude towards asthma was associated with adherence to inhaler therapy.
Management of drug allergy-clinical update
Authors: Kathuria P. C. , Rai Manisha
Published: May 2024

The new classification of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) is based on phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers. Immediate and delayed reactions are the clinical phenotypic presentation while endotypes are based on cellular, biological mediators, and biomarkers. Complement activation, cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition, Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2), Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is also included in DHRs due to mast cell activation e.g., radio contrast media, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, oxaliplatin and taxanes, etc. Genetic predisposition of specific human leukocyte antigen alleles has been associated with the development of T cell-mediated symptoms of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR), which includes acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necroplasia, due to antibiotics, retrovirus and anti-convulsant drugs, etc., drug desensitization (Ds), is a personalized treatment approach for immunoglobulin E (IgE), and Non-IgE mediated DHRs, for example, antibiotics, biologicals, chemotherapy, etc. This review will update on the mechanism of DHRs, the clinical approach of alternative drugs, and Ds in a high-risk patient.
Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Majumder Biswajit , Chakraborty Sougat , Roy Rammohan , Sarkar Shibsankar , Ghosh Ratul
Published: May 2024

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with absent pulmonary valve (APV) is a rare congenital heart disease with a 2% incidence among patients of TOF. The main hallmark of the disease is the presence of a rudimentary pulmonary valve or a ridge-like structure with pulmonary regurgitation and a hugely dilated main pulmonary artery. It has a perinatal mortality of 14%–64%, depending on the severity of the disease. Surgical correction is done urgently in severely symptomatic patients, whereas surgery can be delayed in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients. In the last 2 years (July 2021–June 2023) in our single tertiary care center, five patients of TOF with APV with varying severity have been documented. Among these five patients, two patients had cyanosis and three patients had recurrent cough and cold during childhood. Two patients were diagnosed during health screening. One newborn had respiratory distress due to compression of the tracheobronchial tree by a hugely dilated pulmonary artery. TOF with APV has features of both pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation, a malaligned ventricular septal defect, and a dilated pulmonary artery. The direction of the shunt depends on the severity of pulmonary stenosis. Patients with left-to-right shunt may develop pulmonary artery hypertension depending on flow and gradient across the pulmonary valve. Patients with a massively dilated pulmonary trunk obstructing the tracheobronchial tree and patients with right-to-left shunt and cyanosis usually have worse outcomes. Often, the disease is diagnosed in late childhood, particularly in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
A Rare Case of Prostatic Utricle Cyst Causing Obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: Anand Madhur , Singh Bhupendra Pal , Jain Ujjawal , Dev Nitish , Kesharwani Mayank
Published: May 2024

Male infertility is a concern affecting approximately 8% of couples worldwide, with ejaculatory duct obstruction contributing to about 5% of male infertility cases. Prostatic utricle cysts are a rare but surgically correctable cause of ejaculatory duct obstruction. While often asymptomatic, these cysts can manifest as azoospermia with low ejaculate volume, necessitating intervention for fertility restoration. We present the case of a 22-year-old newly married male with azoospermia and otherwise unremarkable medical history. Clinical examination revealed normal bilateral vas deferens and epididymis, along with low ejaculate volume. Testicular size, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels were within the normal range. Transabdominal ultrasound uncovered a midline cystic structure within the prostate. Bilateral testicular fine-needle aspiration confirmed the presence of spermatozoa at various stages of development. The patient underwent urethroscopy, bilateral retrograde seminal vesiculography, and transurethral resection of the midline prostatic cyst. At 3 months, the follow-up revealed normal semen analysis. Transurethral resection of the roof of the midline prostatic cyst can effectively restore fertility in cases of ejaculatory duct obstruction. Precise resection technique is crucial to prevent damage to the urethral sphincter and subsequent incontinence. This approach offers a favorable prognosis for fertility restoration in patients with prostatic utricle cysts and associated azoospermia.
Completeness Documentation of Fall Risk Management
Authors: Sari Sugianto Kartika Mawar , Sri Hariyati Rr Tutik , Galleryzki Annisa Rahmi , Bota Koten Elisabet Herlyani , Sudjiati Endang , Bardah Dadan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Patient safety management includes the documentation of fall risks. This study aims to portray the nurses' performance toward the risk of falling management in hospitals.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional approach was used as the study design to measure the documentation completeness of the nursing process toward the risk of falling at hospitals during 2020. There are 110 selected medical records of hospitalized patients based on inclusion criteria such as low-risk medical records, hospitalization within 3 days, and a maximum hospitalization length of one year after the beginning of the data collection procedure. Univariate analysis is chosen to analyze the data.

Results:

The results showed that nurses were inconsistent in implementing fall risk management. Furthermore, the assessment was 68.18%, where 45.45% of nurses made the nursing diagnosis, 4.55% described the problems and etiology, and also 32.72% evaluated patients' integrated records.

Conclusions:

The incomplete documentation of fall risk describes the nonoptimal risk management implementation. The head nurse should develop a dynamic interaction with the fall risk patients, as well as increase nursing coordination and integration.
Challenges of Caregivers Having Children with Autism in Kenya
Authors: Masaba Brian Barasa , Taiswa Jonathan , Mmusi-Phetoe Rose Maureen
Published: May 2024

Background:

Caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is demanding, especially where access to services and support are inadequate. The present study aimed to systematically review the challenges associated with the caregivers whose children have autism.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review design was utilized. The searches were conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. A qualitative analysis that was based on meta-aggregation approach and thematic analysis was used. Thereafter, data was presented into themes. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP).

Results:

The search generated 909 articles of which only 9 met the inclusion criteria. The main findings were discussed under the following three thematic domains: 1) Stigma, 2) Financial burden, and 3) Caregiving burden.

Conclusions:

Evidence from the data reviewed showed financial burden faced by the caregivers whose children are diagnosed with ASD. This was manifested through both direct and indirect cost of treatment. Another key finding was that majority of the caregivers faced stigma from the community. This implies the low level of awareness of the ASD within the community. The present study calls for more programs on the present research problem within the community so as to increase awareness. Furthermore, the current advocacy of Universal Health Coverage programs in the country should incorporate ASD children.
The Effect of Gestalt-Based Counseling on the Level of Self-Esteem and Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women
Authors: Noormohamadi Parinaz , Ahmadi Atefeh , Jahani Yunes , Alidousti Katayoun
Published: May 2024

Background:

Violence against women is a health problem that poses an additional threat to the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Gestalt counseling on self-esteem and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

This clinical trial was carried out on 60 pregnant women who were referred to health-care centers in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. Simple random sampling was performed through lottery. The intervention group (n = 30) received counseling in eight weekly sessions of 45 min using the Gestalt approach. The control group was placed on a waiting list. There was no blinding during the study. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Domestic Violence Questionnaire designed by Mohseni Tabrizi, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale before and after counseling.

Results:

Differences between the groups in terms of mean score of violence (intervention: t34= 1.81, p = 0.08; control: t34= 1.41, p = 0.16) and self-esteem (intervention: t34= 1.87, p = 0.07; control: t34= 1, p = 0.32) in the pretest and posttest were not significant. Analysis of covariance results showed a significant difference between the intervention 21.79 (10.62) and control groups 21.79 (10.62) in terms of mean (SD) violence (F
1,67= 1.97, p = 0.049) after the counseling sessions. It also showed a significant difference between the intervention 74.47 (14.61) and control groups 66.28 (15.14) in terms of self-esteem after the intervention (F
1,67= 5.02, p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Considering the impact of the Gestalt approach on IPV and self-esteem, it is recommended that health-care providers be educated about using the Gestalt approach and apply it in communication with women.
The Effects of Passive Blinking on Exposure Keratopathy among Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Rezaei Korosh , Amini Nazanin , Rezaei Reza , Rafiei Fatemeh , Harorani Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at risk of eye disorders such as Exposure keratopathy (EK) due to impaired blinking and incomplete eye closure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of passive blinking exercise (PBE) on EK among patients in ICUs.

Materials and Methods:

This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 2017. The study participants included 51 patients purposively recruited from the three ICUs of Valiasr Teaching Hospital, Arak, Iran. Through coin tossing, one eye of each participant was randomly allocated to the intervention group and the other to the control group. The eye in the control group received routine eye care, whereas the eye in the intervention group received routine eye care and PBE for a week. EK prevalence and severity were assessed daily for 7 consecutive days using fluorescein eye staining papers and an ophthalmoscope with a cobalt blue filter.

Results:

The study groups did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the baseline prevalence and severity of EK. After the intervention, the prevalence of EK (χ
2 = 13.44, df = 1, p < 0.001) and the prevalence of grade II EK (χ
2 = 8.33, df = 1, p = 0.003) in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusions:

PBE is effective in significantly reducing EK prevalence and severity among patients in ICUs. Therefore, critical care nurses are recommended to use PBE for EK prevention and management.
Perceived Challenges Caused by Covid-19 Outbreak in Students of Medical Sciences
Authors: Baghcheghi Nayereh , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Karimy Mahmood , Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan , Ghorbani Ali Asghar
Published: May 2024

Background:

Students of medical sciences are a highly vulnerable group during COVID-19 pandemic who may experience a wide range of challenges and stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived challenges caused by COVID-19 outbreak in students of medical sciences.

Materials and Methods:

A qualitative study was carried out based on conventional qualitative content analysis following Graneheim and Lundman from December 2020 to February 2021. The participants were 17 students of medical sciences and data gathering was done through semistructured interviews.

Results:

Data analyses revealed 5 categories and 12 subcategories. The extracted categories were perceived fear of contracting coronavirus, social limitation, changes in education, neglecting health protocols, and worrying news and information overload.

Conclusions:

The findings indicated that students of medical sciences had been facing challenges and the COVID-19 had affected the psychological, social, and academic functioning of the health-care students. It is important to take measures to improve their mental health. These measures can prevent medical complications in these students, especially during clinical internship.
Assessing the Virtual Social Networks Usage among Nursing Students
Authors: Hame-Morad Jamal , Namdar-Areshtanab Hossein , Ebrahimi Hossein , Arshadi-Bostanabad Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Nowadays, virtual social networks are among the most essential communication tools in the exchange of science, knowledge, and technology and are very popular among different peoples of the society, especially nursing students. They can also influence academic success. The present study was aimed to investigate the use of social networks among nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:

This study adopts a descriptive cross-sectional design and employed 406 nursing students in 2018 by means of the convenience sampling method. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and social network usage was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The mean (SD) of social networking usage was 116.81 (17.20) out of the achievable score range of 38 to 190, where the highest and lowest scores were related to dimensions of content sharing (73.56%) and unconventional issues (51.00%), respectively. There was a significant statistical relationship between total score of social networking usage which included the variables of grade point average (r = -0.17, p = 0.000), average daily study hours in non-exam periods (r = -0.10 and p < 0.04), family income (F2,375 = 6.28, p < 0.001), number of siblings (F4,350 = 4.98, p < 0.001), and academic semester (F6,376 = 2.12, p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Given the high percentage of students enrolled and the aim of using these networks, proper planning for the management of cyberspace is necessary to take advantage of the benefits of social networks and reduce their disadvantages.
Principal Factors Affecting Couples' Childbearing Policies
Authors: Hashemzadeh Mozhgan , Shariati Mohammad , Nazari AliMohammad , Keramat Afsaneh , Ebrahimi Elham
Published: May 2024

Background:

The concept of negative population growth, population aging, and the need to implement child-encouraging policies is an important concern in many countries. As this issue is completely cultural and country-based, this study is designed to assess and prioritize the perception of newly married couples to the policies that may have a crucial role in the childbearing intention around the world.

Materials and Methods:

Through a descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 couples were selected by a simple random sampling method. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used for investigating the relationships among dimensions of family policies, socio-demographic variables, and childbearing intention.

Results:

Childbearing perception positively correlated with education and permanent job in both genders, maternal age range of 25–35, the higher length of marriage, having more children, and living in a government settlement. The most important family policies that couples preferred were contextual requirements (mean rank of 4.50%). Positive childbearing perception negatively correlated with higher age categories in women, the number of children, rental housing status, no insurance access, higher educational attainment, and low employment ranks in both men and women.

Conclusions:

This study cleared that family policies affect the childbearing intention of young couples. Polices involved contextual requirements, supporting couples to integrate work and home, health promotion plans, child-centered social support, and promoting the level of social and cultural relations.
Motivation for Healing in Cancer Patients
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Alavi Negin Masoudi , Mohammadi Eesa , Sadat Zohreh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Studies have revealed that motivation plays a vital role in a person's ability to heal. The nature of motivation for healing in cancer patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of motivation for healing in cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:

A qualitative research approach was used as the study design. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews and the themes were derived from the data using the inductive content analysis method. The patients consisted of 34 cancer patients, 4 family members, 1 psychologist, 1 oncologist, and 3 nurses. The participants were interviewed in the cancer clinics or chemotherapy wards.

Results:

Based on the results of the interviews, three main themes and seven categories were determined. The themes were identified as (i) the desire to survive, (ii) a spirit of optimism, and (iii) belongingness and responsibility.

Conclusions:

The results of this study could be used by researchers to develop tools to measure motivation in cancer patients, and to design intervention mechanisms to enhance the patients' motivation in cancer care. Moreover, a better understanding of motivation can improve psychosocial support in oncology nursing.