bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repurposing Antiepileptic Drugs for Cancer: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Tarawneh Noor , Hussein Shaymaa N , Abdalla Shtaywy
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by repeated convulsions. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main course of therapy for epilepsy. These medications are given according to each patient’s personal medical history and the type of seizures they suffer. They have been employed for decades to manage epilepsy, thus delivering relief from seizures through numerous mechanisms of action. Aside from their anticonvulsant attributes, current evidence suggests that certain AEDs may display potential inhibitory effects against cancer invasion and metastasis. This review explored the complicated interactions between the modes of action of AEDs and the pathways causing cancer, and the potential impact of AEDs on the invasion and metastasis of various forms of cancer, while addressing their associated side effects. For example, valproic acid inhibits histone deacetylase, causing hyperacetylation of genes especially those regulating cell cycle, culminating in cell cycle arrest. Topiramate inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thus disrupting the acidic micrenvironment needed for cancer cells to thrive. Lacosamide increases the slow inactivation of the voltage gated Na+ channel thus inhibiting the growth, proliferation, and metastasis of many cancers. Although drug development is a complex task due to regulatory, intellectual property, and economic challenges, researchers are exploring drug repurposing tactics to overcome these challenges and to find new therapeutic alternatives for diseases like cancer. Thus, drug repurposing is considered among the most effective ways to develop drug candidates using novel properties and therapeutic characteristics, and this review also discusses these issues.
Optimizing Planning Functions in Nigeria’s Telecom Companies with Information Systems and Technology
Authors: William Barnty , Adebayo Clement
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the role of Information Systems (IS) and technology in optimizing planning functions within Nigeria’s telecom companies. The purpose of the research is to explore how the adoption of IS, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Business Intelligence (BI), can enhance strategic planning capabilities in the telecom sector. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather insights from industry professionals. Key findings reveal that IS adoption significantly improves decision-making (85%), resource allocation (78%), and market analysis (71%). However, challenges such as poor infrastructure (76%), skills gaps (64%), and high implementation costs (58%) hinder the full potential of these technologies. The study concludes that while IS plays a crucial role in optimizing planning functions, addressing infrastructure deficiencies and investing in workforce development are essential for maximizing its effectiveness. The research provides recommendations for telecom companies and policymakers to enhance infrastructure, support employee training, and explore emerging technologies to further improve strategic planning and maintain a competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving telecom industry.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Language Development of Preschool Children: Data from a School Screening Project for Language Disorders in Greece
Authors: Kyvrakidou Eleni , Kyvrakidis Giannis , Stefanaki Anastasia S , Asimenios Asterios , Gazanis Athanasios , Kampouras Asterios
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected children's lives, particularly preschool-aged children who undergo rapid biological and psychosocial development. During the pandemic period, a series of restrictive measures were implemented globally and their overall stress effect profoundly affected not only children but their caregivers also. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the language development of preschool children in Greece. To that end, a widely used screening tool was applied in a screening project involving 213 preschoolers. Language development was assessed in three groups of children aged 2-4 years old before, during and after the pandemic. A significant increase in the number of children with abnormal language development profile was identified to the preschoolers after the pandemic versus those before or during the pandemic period (p < 0.036). A higher prevalence of abnormal profiles was observed in girls than in boys (p < 0.001). Interestingly, an increase in the quantity of words, pseudowords, and modes of expression was noted during the pandemic compared to before and after the pandemic. Given the importance of language development as a critical aspect of children's overall personality and well-being, it is recommended that socioeconomic support measures for children and their families should be established for any future similar crises, rather than simply relying on the arbitrary implementation of restrictive measures. Further research tailored to the needs of children and their families is warranted for interventions to promote healthier developmental outcomes.
Numerical Method to Obtain the Resistance of Reinforced Concrete and Composite Steel Concrete Sections Subjected to Axial Forces and Biaxial Bending Based on Simplex (Linear Programming)
Authors: Aguero Antonio , Baláž Ivan , Kolekova Yvona
Published: February 2025

Designing reinforced concrete sections of various shapes, including those with variable geometry, holes, and arbitrary distribution of reinforcing steel bars, is a common task in civil engineering involving reinforced concrete structures. This design process requires integrating non-linear stress fields over complex shapes due to the non-linear behavior of concrete in compression. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm based on the simplex method to calculate the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete and steel concrete composite sections under biaxial bending and axial force. The proposed algorithm is validated by comparing its analytical results with methods suggested by other authors and with experimental results available in the literature.
Text Mining Approaches for Exploring Research Trends in the Security Applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kim Jinsick , Koo Byeongsoo , Nam Moonju , Jang Kukjin , Lee Jooyeoun , Chung Myoungsug , Song Yungseo
Published: February 2025

This study examines the security implications of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), focusing on models such as ChatGPT. As GAI technologies are increasingly integrated into industries like healthcare, education, and media, concerns are growing regarding security vulnerabilities, ethical challenges, and potential for misuse. To address these concerns, this research analyzes 1,047 peer-reviewed academic articles from the SCOPUS database using scientometric methods, including term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, keyword centrality analysis, and latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling. The results highlight significant contributions from countries such as the United States, China, and India, with leading institutions like the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National University of Singapore driving research on GAI security. In the keyword centrality analysis, "ChatGPT" emerged as a highly central term, reflecting its prominence in the research discourse. However, despite its frequent mention, "ChatGPT" showed lower proximity centrality than terms like "model" and "AI." This suggests that while ChatGPT is broadly associated with other key themes, it has a less direct connection to specific research subfields. Topic modeling identified six major themes, including AI and security in education, language models, data processing, and risk management. The analysis emphasizes the need for robust security frameworks to address technical vulnerabilities, ensure ethical responsibility, and manage risks in the safe deployment of AI systems. These frameworks must not only incorporate technical solutions but also ethical accountability, regulatory compliance, and continuous risk management. This study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research that integrates technical, legal, and ethical perspectives to ensure the responsible and secure deployment of GAI technologies.
The Cognitive Load of a Task Suggests That Induced Alpha Desynchronization Is Not Directly Related to the Recruitment of Neural Resources
Authors: Vazquez-Marrufo Manuel , Caballero-Diaz Rocio , Sarrias-Arrabal Esteban , Martin-Clemente Ruben
Published: February 2025

In prior studies, desynchronization of the induced alpha band (non-phase-locked but time-locked) has been observed across various cognitive tasks. Proposed hypotheses for the cognitive role of this alpha decrement include neural activation, an inhibition/timing mechanism, or a reduction of "neural noise." This study aimed to examine the effect of cognitive load on induced alpha activity using two versions of a go/no-go visual task: a single-target (ST) version with one target and one distractor, and a double-target (DT) version with two targets and two distractors. EEG was recorded from 58 electrodes, and Temporal Spectral Evolution (TSE) was used for time-frequency analysis. Behavioral results revealed faster reaction times in the ST task compared to the DT task. The P3 component displayed delayed latency and reduced amplitude under increased cognitive load, consistent with prior findings. However, the latencies and amplitudes of evoked and induced alpha responses were unaffected by cognitive load. This suggests that increased alpha desynchronization in subjects with cognitive impairment should not be interpreted as enhanced neural resource recruitment due to task difficulty. Instead, it may reflect other mechanisms unrelated to cognitive load differences in task performance.
Mobile Phone Studies Find No Short-Term Health Problems
Authors: Giannakopoulos Georgios , Shaikh Khushbu Mehboob , Perez Maria Antonnette
Published: February 2025

The increasing use of mobile phones worldwide has raised concerns about potential health risks associated with exposure to high-frequency radiation emitted by these devices. This study explores the short-term and potential long-term health effects of mobile phone usage, particularly focusing on risks such as cancer, nervous system disorders, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Key research conducted by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research (MTHR) program is reviewed, highlighting inconclusive evidence linking mobile phone radiation to health problems. Children and young users are identified as particularly vulnerable to potential risks, given their developing physiology and higher susceptibility to radiation absorption. Experimental studies investigating biological mechanisms, cognitive function, and hypersensitivity have largely found no conclusive evidence of harm, though long-term effects remain under-researched due to the relatively recent widespread adoption of mobile phones. The research article emphasizes the need for adherence to rigorous research methodologies, including randomized, double-blind experiments, and standardized statistical analyses to ensure reliable conclusions. Recommendations for reducing exposure, such as limiting mobile phone usage and adopting hands-free solutions, are provided as precautionary measures. While no definitive causal link has been established between mobile phone use and adverse health outcomes, ongoing research and cautious usage remain essential to safeguarding public health.
Development of Economic and Mathematical Tools for Analyzing and Evaluating the Value of Life Based on Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reduction (Using Air Pollution as an Example)
Authors: Poplavko Polina , Nagapetyan Artur
Published: February 2025

This study proposes an approach to assessing the Value of Statistical Life (VSL) based on the contingent valuation of willingness to pay for reducing the risk of mortality caused by air pollution from port activities in port city residents. The research involves data collection through a survey utilizing a double dichotomous choice method. The proposed approach differs from existing ones by introducing a new way of estimating the marginal willingness to pay for each additional unit of risk reduction. These estimates are obtained by approximating the corresponding dependency using an elementary function based on five available coordinate points. These coordinates reflect the marginal willingness to pay for each additional unit of risk reduction, as derived from five different risk reduction scenarios presented in the survey. To more accurately assess the declining willingness to pay, an adjustment for cognitive biases is suggested by incorporating questions that evaluate respondents' competency in working with percentage points. It is assumed that the proposed approach will help mitigate the well-known issue in the literature regarding the dependence of VSL estimates on survey design, particularly the level of risk reduction considered. This, in turn, will reduce the manipulability of such studies and significantly enhance trust in their results.
Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cortéz-Martínez Alexis Yael , Chávez-Guzmán Umbilia Aranet , Ramírez-Medina Santos , Rocha-López Angélica Georgina
Published: February 2025

Background: Despite advances in treatment over the past 20 years that have significantly improved patient survival in shock conditions, septic shock continues to present numerous questions regarding long-term outcomes, primarily due to its associated metabolic changes.Objective: To evaluate hypoalbuminemia as a predictor of mortality in patients admitted with septic shock to the emergency department, through a review of clinical records from January to September 2023 at Hospital General Regional No. 1 (HGR1) in Michoacán, Mexico.Methods: A retrospective study analyzed patients diagnosed with septic shock between January and September 2023. The study examined admission albumin parameters and mortality, along with sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, mean arterial pressure, lactate levels, and vasopressor use.Results: The study included 130 patients meeting inclusion criteria, with equal gender distribution (50% male, n=65; 50% female, n=65). The predominant age group was over 68 years (35.3%, n=46), followed by 59-68 years (27.6%, n=36). Common comorbidities included systemic arterial hypertension (50.7%, n=66), diabetes mellitus (48.4%, n=63), chronic kidney disease (21.5%, n=28), and neoplasms (19.2%, n=25). Serum albumin levels were distributed as follows: ≥3.5 g/dL (13.8%, n=18), 3.4-3.0 g/dL (20%, n=26), 2.9-2.5 g/dL (24.6%, n=32), and <2.5 g/dL (41.5%, n=54). Among patients with albumin <2.5 g/dL, mortality was 92.5% (n=50), with only 7.4% (n=4) surviving to discharge. Statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-square showed an asymptotic significance of 0.003 with a likelihood ratio of 0.346.Conclusions: This descriptive study demonstrates that hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL) is significantly associated with mortality in septic shock patients, with a mortality rate of 92.5%. The findings validate the initial hypothesis that hypoalbuminemia serves as a predictor of mortality in more than 50% of patients with septic shock.
Variation in Gut Microbiome Enables Intramuscular Fat Deposition Difference Between Sheep and Goat
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhao Fangfang , Li Shaobin , Tang Zhisheng , Shi Bingang , Luo Yuzhu , Wang Jiqing , Hou Jiagong
Published: February 2025

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the key factors affecting the quality of livestock meat, as it is closely related to muscle color, tenderness, juiciness, water-holding capacity and flavor. The IMF deposition is impacted complexly by various factors, including animal breeds, age, feed, and mi-crobiota. Currently, there is a shortage of research exploring the similarities and differences in IMF deposition between goats and sheep from a microbial perspective. Thus, we selected Longdong cashmere goats (n=10) and Tan sheep (n=10) as the subjects of our research, both of which are recognized for their exceptional meat quality traits. Their differences were assessed including the dressing percentage, GR values, IMF content of muscles, lipid levels, FAS and HSL content of di-gestive glands and gut contents, SCFAs content and microbial diversity in the rumen, abomasum and colon. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to further analyze the relationship be-tween fat deposition, physiological indicators and microbiota. The results showed that the shoul-der and rump IMF content of Longdong cashmere goats was significantly higher than that of Tan sheep (p< 0.05). The overall levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in goats were notably higher than those found in sheep. (p< 0.05). The content of FASin the duodenum of goats showed a significant decrease (p=0.04), while the content of HSL in both the pancreas (p= 0.04) and duodenum (p< 0.001) exhib-ited a significant increase. The content of FAS, pH values, content of acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in colonic chyme of goats were significantly decreased than those of sheep. The HSL content of goat abomasal chyme showed a significant increase (p= 0.004), while the content of acetic acid and propionic acid demonstrated a significant decrease in comparison with those of sheep (p< 0.05). The Chao1 and β diversity in the abomasum and colon varied be-tween Longdong cashmere goats and Tan sheep. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Sele-nomonas_A, Bifidobacterium_388775 and Eubacterium_Q in the abomasum were directly correlated with the shoulder and rump IMF content (|r|> 0.45). UBA5905 and GCA-900066495 in the colon were negatively correlated with the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and isovaleric acid, and positively correlated with shoulder IMF content. This study emphasizes the importance of aboma-sum and colon microbes in IMF deposition in mutton, and offers available strategies to enhance meat quality and its market value.
Sustainable Activated Carbon Production from Sunflower Seeds via Chemical Activation
Authors: Kuloglija Selma , Ahmed Amal El Gohary , Jordan Christian , Golda Matthias , Impsmiller Wolfgang , Steinacher Noah , Winter Franz , Meitner Daniela , Luckeneder Angelika , Harasek Michael
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for high-performance activated carbon necessitates applying sustainable and cost-effective production methods. This study explores the use of biochar, derived from renewable biomass. The primary feedstock for biochar consisted of woody residues from composting, along with pre-dried sunflower seed shells that had a moisture content of around 10% as a precursor for the production of activated carbon. The process started with carbonization followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation, key parameters such as the impregnation ratio, temperature, and activation time were optimized to enhance the physicochemical properties of the activated carbon. Under optimized conditions, namely a KOH-to-biochar impregnation ratio of 3:1, an activation temperature of 800 °C, and an activation duration of 5 hours, the yield of activated carbon is 58% and a specific surface area of 498 m²/g. A significant enhancement in surface area, with a maximum value of 709 m²/g achieved after increasing the time to 24 hours of activation. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was applied to evaluate the CO₂ adsorption performance of both biochar and activated biochar at 30°C, demonstrating a 30% improvement in adsorption efficiency following activation. This study underscores the potential of biochar as a renewable and sustainable precursor for the production of high-performance activated carbon. The findings contribute to the advancement of environmentally friendly production technologies and highlight the potential applicability of biochar-derived activated carbon in gas adsorption and environmental remediation.
The Development of a Nitinol Angular Actuator
Authors: Grosu Oana Vasilica , Milici Laurențiu Dan , Paval Mihaela
Published: February 2025

Shape memory alloys are the key to sustainable technology and future industries. One of the most highlighted alloys around these times is Nitinol. It has special properties to work in extreme conditions and it can be specially projected for specific tasks. The Nickel-Titanium alloy is tested by NASA to build a new type of wheel to be used for future rovers which will be send to Mars. Other recently known devices to be built using this material are stents, root canal files, arches, bone implants used in medicine, aerospace gas turbines engines, thermal bimorph od dynamic actuators used in engineering, innovative SC brace or seismic retrofit applications in seismology and the list can continue. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the ungular actuator that has as a main component a Nitinol spring. In the theoretical part we identified the newest solutions in the sphere of Nitinol devices and presented them though the perspective of bibliometric maps obtained with the software VOSviewer. We focused on articles which analyze and improve the NiTi alloy in order to create a wider applicability range for it, studies over the already existing devices, testing models, novel applications and devices which utilize it and papers identifying new applications for actual NiTi devices/ equipment. Conclusions on the subject are that the industry is more and more interested in the shape memory materials and are open to investing in the research of the Nitinol. The presented device was physically developed and tested at the University Ștefan cel Mare of Suceava. Some results on the testing of the device are presented and discussed in this paper.
Differential Entangled Topology: A Mathematical Model for Simulating the Dynamic Nature of Consciousness
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: February 2025

This article presents the Differential Entangled Topology (DET) model, a sophisticated mathematical framework designed to simulate the complex, dynamic, and evolving nature of consciousness. By conceptualizing consciousness as an intricate network of entangled points distributed on the surface of a unit sphere, the model captures the fluid and unpredictable interactions that characterize conscious experience. Each point represents a neural region or conscious element, with its position undergoing differential, random shifts that simulate the process of entanglement. These shifts, governed by a specified entanglement factor, reflect the ongoing reconfiguration of consciousness over time. The system's progression is quantitatively analyzed through topological entropy, providing a measure of the system's complexity and the degree of unpredictability inherent in the entanglement process. The model's evolution is visualized in a 3D space, where bright points are projected onto the sphere's surface, and the background is shaded in a soft rosaceous hue, symbolizing the fundus of the system. This framework offers a novel mathematical perspective on the interconnected, non-linear nature of consciousness, providing insight into its continuous transformation and the underlying dynamics that drive cognitive states.
Can we Have Both? – The Challenges of Efficiency Outcomes in Public Procurement System and Reaching Strategic Goals of Procurement
Authors: Matas Sašo , Oplotnik Žan Jan , Jagrič Timotej
Published: February 2025

This article explores the cost efficiency of public procurement procedures, techniques and strategic policies. Member States in the EU spend large sums of money on the procurement of various items, yet public procurement in the EU struggles with issues of competitiveness, efficiency and overlapping goals. Utilising data from Slovenian public procurement over the past eight years, the study examines the competitiveness and technical efficiency of various factors, procedures, techniques and sustainable measures employed in public procurement procedures that influence cost efficiency. The analysis employs a binary logit model that facilitates the efficient utilisation of public funds and predicts substantial price reductions in public procurement procedures. The findings underscore the significance of transparency and open markets. The optimal cost-efficiency outcomes are achieved through combinations of transparent procedures and an undisclosed market environment during the tendering phase, complemented by less binding secondary procurement objectives. Conversely, procurement techniques that tend to disclose more information about competitors in the procurement process are found to be less cost-effective.
Dietary Patterns and Health Trends Among Students in Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Carvalho Filomena , Tavares Sofia Silva , Lahlou Radhia Aitfella , Varges Alexandra , Araújo André RTS , Fonseca Cecília , Silva Luís R.
Published: February 2025

Dietary habits significantly influence students' health status, with overweight and obesity posing serious global challenges linked to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Our cross-sectional study assessed overweight and obesity prevalence among students in Guarda, Portugal, analysing the nutritional and lifestyle habits of 2,083 students aged 6 to 58 years. The sample included 1,762 school children and 321 higher education adults, grouped into age intervals: 6–12, 12–19, 20–39, and 40–58 years. BMI analysis revealed obesity rates of 9.1% in children and 9.7% in adults, with younger children, particularly males, showing higher rates compared to older children. Increased physical activity and reduced sedentary time were correlated with a lower BMI. These findings underscore the critical need for public health interventions in schools to promote healthy diets and active lifestyles, aiming to reduce obesity rates and associated health risks.
Deep Sea Minerals Ameliorate Dermatophagoides farinae or 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Kim Hyo Sang , Kim Myeong Hwan , Jeon Byeong Yeob , Jang You Kyung , Kim Jeong Ki , Song Hyun Keun , Kim KilSoo
Published: February 2025

Chronic pruritus and inflammatory skin lesions, characterized by high recurrence, are hallmarks of atopic dermatitis (AD). Despite its increasing prevalence, the development of therapeutic agents for AD remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of deep-sea minerals (DSM) in mist and cream formulations on the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice exposed to either Dermatophagoides farinae body extract (Dfb) or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). To induce AD, 100 mg of Biostir AD cream containing crude Dfb or 200 µL of DNCB (1%) was topically applied to the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice. Additionally, 200 µL of deep-sea mineral mist (DSMM) and 10 mg of deep-sea mineral cream (DSMC) were applied daily to the dorsal skin for 4 weeks. AD was assessed through visual observations, clinical scoring of skin severity, serological tests, and histological analysis. Visual and clinical evaluations revealed that DSM inhibited the formation of AD-like skin lesions. DSM also significantly affected trans-epidermal water loss and erythema. Treatment with DSM resulted in reduced serum levels of IgE, IFN-γ, and IL-4. Histological analysis indicated that DSM decreased skin thickness. Immunostaining for the CD4 antigen demonstrated reduced infiltration of CD4 T cells, which drive the Th2 response in AD, following DSM treatment. In conclusion, the cream formulation of DSM showed better results than the mist formulation. These results suggest that DSM may be an effective treatment for allergic skin inflammatory diseases, especially in cream formulation.
Methods for Synthesis and Extraction of Resveratrol from Grapevine: Challenges and Advances in Compound Identification and Analysis
Authors: Căpruciu Ramona , Gheorghiu Constantin Nicolae
Published: February 2025

Resveratrol is the most important biopotential phytoalexin of the stilbene group (natural polyphenolic secondary metabolites), synthesized naturally by the action of biotic and abiotic factors on the plant. The yield of individual bioactive compounds isolated from grapevine components, products and by-products is directly dependent on the conditions of the synthesis, extraction and identification techniques used. Modern methods of synthesis and extraction, as well as identification techniques, are centred on the use of non-toxic solvents that have the advantages of the realisation of rapid extractions, maintenance of optimal parameters, and low energy consumption, being a challenge with promising results for various industrial applications. Actionable advances in identifying and analysing stilbenes consist of techniques for coupling synthesis/extraction/identification methods that have proven accurate, reproducible and efficient. The main challenge remains to keep resveratrol compositionally unaltered while increasing its microbiome solubility and stability as a nutraceutical in the food industry.
Exploring the Impact of Alginite Mineral on Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Tóth Pál , Németh Áron
Published: February 2025

Studying the uses of different organic-mineral rocks is an expanding area of research. Although these materials have primarily been used in forestry and agriculture, other potential applications include cosmetics and nutrition. Alginite is a volcanic substance that resembles loam and is composed of clay minerals and extinct unicellular algae. Hungary's unique and environmentally friendly agricultural utilisation of alginite has sparked international interest and prompted further exploration of its potential applications. In recent years, studies have proved that alginite can be beneficial in agriculture and as a nutritional supplement, but only if it was further supplemented with lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB). In contrary, our study investigates the application of alginite already during the LAB fermentation expecting higher probiotic cell number and enhanced positive probiotic effect. Our experiments, conducted using small-scale impedimetric high throughput equipment, revealed that alginite positively influenced the dry matter yield of all four tested probiotic species confirming the enhancing hypothesis. We also thoroughly investigated the fermentations in a lab-scale bioreactor to validate these results. The boosting potential of alginite was verified since depending on the applied strain 30–160% increase in probiotic biomass resulted.
cGAS and STING in Host Myeloid Cells Are Essential to Effective Cyclophosphamide Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Lai Yein-Gei , Liao Hao-Ting , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Huang Shih-Wen , Liou Yae-Huei , Wu Zhen-Qi , Liao Nan-Shih
Published: February 2025

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment in vivo kills proliferating tumor cells by DNA crosslinking, however, suppression of tumor growth by CTX in several murine models requires CD8+ T cells. Given that CTX induces DNA damage and type I interferon (IFN-I), we investigated the role of host cGAS and STING in the anti-tumor effect of CTX in vivo. Using a metastasized EO771 breast cancer model with chromosomal instability, we found that CTX therapy induces long-term survival of the mice with this outcome being dependent on CD8+ T cells and cGAS/STING of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells. Furthermore, STING of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) and LysM+ cells, and IFN-I response of non-cDC1 myeloid cells are essential for CTX efficacy. We also found that cGAS and STING of BM-derived cells positively modulate intratumoral exhausted and stem-cell-like CD8+ T cell populations under CTX treatment with the latter only being affected by cGAS. Our study elucidates that the CD8+-T-cell-dependent anti-tumor mechanisms of CTX critically involve the cGAS-STING-IFN-I axis, IFN-I response, and STING-independent cGAS function in host myeloid cells. These findings suggest the deployment of CTX in treating advanced solid tumor to bypass the often failed IFN-I production by tumor cells due to coping with chronic activation of intrinsic cGAS-STING caused by chromosomal instability.
Trivicons. Propuesta de Gamificación en el aula de Derecho Constitucional
Authors: Martínez Quevedo Luis Fernando
Published: February 2025

Tras una introducción que justifica la necesidad de implementar metodologías activas en la educación superior, centrando la atención específicamente en la gamificación, se presentan los rasgos más importantes de TriviCons, iniciativa de proyecto de innovación docente que se pretende implementar en la asignatura de Derecho Constitucional I por algunos miembros del Departamento de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad de Granada. Se trata de la adaptación del tradicional juego del Trivial a la materia de la mencionada asignatura, con su pertinente reflejo en el proceso de evaluación del alumnado
Desarrollo de un sistema web para la alerta y vigilancia epidemiológica
Authors:   , Villon Coveñas Alicia Maria
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo propone un sistema web innovador, orientado a optimizar los procesos de alerta y vigilancia epidemiológica, facilitando la identificación y monitoreo de brotes en áreas específicas. El principal objetivo del estudio es estipular cuál es la influencia del diseño de este sistema en el proceso de alerta y vigilancia epidemiológica. La metodología empleada en esta investigación corresponde a un diseño experimental con un enfoque basado en el análisis cuantitativo. A través del análisis de datos se busca establecer relaciones entre las variables clave relacionadas con la vigilancia epidemiológica. Los resultados principales de este proyecto revelan que el sistema desarrollado tiene la capacidad de alertar a los usuarios sobre posibles brotes epidemiológicos proporcionando información sobre su geolocalización. Esta funcionalidad permite una gestión más eficaz de la vigilancia epidemiológica lo que a su vez puede contribuir a la identificación temprana y al control inmediato de brotes epidemiológicos. Los resultados del estudio evidencian que el sistema implementado fue capaz de generar alertas automáticas con un 90% de precisión, logrando además disminuir los tiempos de respuesta en un 50%. Además, se observó una mejora significativa en la identificación temprana de brotes epidemiológicos.
Consumo de fibra dietaria y su relación con el riesgo nutricional en los adultos mayores residentes en el distrito de Miraflores, 2022
Authors:   , Ahrens Lopez Jean Pierre
Published: February 2025

Objetivos: Determinar el consumo de fibra dietaria y su relación con el riesgo nutricional en los adultos mayores residentes en el distrito de Miraflores en el 2022. Materiales y métodos: investigación observacional no experimental de corte transversal-analítico y correlacional-cuantitativa. La mayoría de la población eran adultos mayores que vivían en el distrito de Miraflores.
El tipo de muestreo fue probabilístico. Participaron 397 adultos mayores, 200 varones y 197 mujeres. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos: para determinar el riesgo nutricional fue la “Ficha de evaluación nutricional a persona adulto mayor” (MINSA), otro para la frecuencia de consumo de fibra dietaria, así como la cuantificación de la fibra según ración de alimento y para las medidas caseras se utilizaron las “Tablas Auxiliares para la Formulación y Evaluación de Regímenes Alimentarios” (MINSA). Resultados: Según el rango de edad la mayor proporción se presentó entre los 60 a 69 años (52.6%), seguido del rango de 70 a 79 años (37%). El consumo insuficiente de fibra dietética se presentó en el 94,4%. con una ingesta mínima de fibra por día de 25,1 gramos y máxima de 32,4 gramos. Según grupo de alimentos, el consumo más bajo se presentó en las verduras (107,3 gr/día). Según el cribado nutricional se obtuvo que el riesgo de desnutrición se presentó en el 84,9% de los participantes. Respecto a la relación entre el riesgo de desnutrición y el consumo inadecuado de fibra dietaria se obtuvo en el 79,8% de participantes. Conclusiones: El análisis de correlación no paramétrica utilizando el coeficiente de la correlación Rho Spearman es evidente que no existe una correlación significativa entre las variables de estudio entre el riesgo nutricional y el consumo de fibra dietética. (r = 0.052, p = 0.302, n = 397).
Simulation of Low-Tension-Gas Flood in a High-Temperature and Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: AlAbdullah Mohammad B. , Delshad Mojdeh , Niu Fangya , Mohanty Kishore , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Li Jianshen , Zhou Nancy C. , Lu Meng , Miao Jijun
Published: February 2025

This study explores low-tension-gas flooding (LTG) as a hybrid low-tension surfactant and nitrogen gas-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for a high-temperature (90–100°C) and heterogeneous (permeability 0.06 µd–1180 md) sandstone reservoir. A significant research gap exists in developing EOR technologies tailored for reservoirs with extreme heterogeneity and high temperatures. This study addresses this gap by integrating laboratory and simulation studies to model phase behavior, foam quality, and recovery factors (RFs) and then upscale these findings to a pilot scale.

We began with history matching two corefloods, an outcrop, and a reservoir core, employing the in-house UTCHEM simulator. Flow parameters were derived from these corefloods, and fluid properties were ascertained from laboratory experiments. A 0.6-acre pilot-scale model in UTCHEM, based on field data, was used to simulate the LTG process.

The comprehensive field scale sensitivity study indicates an incremental oil recovery (IOR) factor (RF) between 11% and 18% from LTG injection, influenced primarily by residual oil saturation to waterflood, injection rate, LTG slug size, and surfactant concentration. Gravity segregation between gas and microemulsion phases, affected by reservoir vertical heterogeneity, emerged as a critical factor. A lower kv/kh ratio led to a more stable front with a moderate gas override. Based on the technical feasibility of this study, an optimal chemical injection design involves 1 wt% surfactant concentration within 1 pore volume (PV) of LTG slug. Higher injection rates resulted in increased oil recovery and shorter pilot duration, though constrained by field operational limits. Adjusting foam quality during LTG injection affected gravity segregation, necessitating further laboratory experiments for correlation with gas mobility reduction. Foam shear thinning could enhance field foam injectivity without significantly impacting cumulative oil recovery. Increasing the injection rate within allowable injection bottomhole pressure (BHP) is recommended for field implementation to prevent fracture induction. This is the first study that extensively explores the impact of reservoir and design parameters for LTG injection under challenging reservoir conditions, integrating key uncertainty analysis to ensure robustness in the proposed EOR strategy.
Alterations in proliferation of neuronal stem cells in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Wnt modulation by methylphenidate
Authors: Grünblatt Edna , Ohki Cristine Marie Yde , Walter Natalie Monet , Smigielski Lukasz , Bender Audrey , Rickli Michelle , Walitza Susanne
Published: February 2025

As the most common neurodevelopmental and mental disorders around the world, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects mostly children and adolescents. Both genetic (polygenicity) and environmental variables interplay in the etiology of this disorder. The Wnt signaling pathway, which regulates proliferation and differentiation during neurodevelopment, has been implicated in ADHD. Clinically, ADHD individuals may exhibit delays in structural and functional brain development. Available evidence has proposed that methylphenidate (MPH) treatment can potentially improve these delays. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ADHD and the therapeutic targets of MPH are still not completely elucidated. In a pilot investigation, the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was significantly lowered in ADHD male patients. Yet, we did not observe any variations in growth rates during the iPSC stage. To extend the earlier results, we increased the sample size to include females and explored if MPH may improve NSC proliferation in ADHD and clarified the role of the Wnt pathway. To do so, iPSC and NSC proliferation of five ADHD patients and five controls was assessed. The results corroborated our previous findings on decreased proliferation in ADHD NSCs. Conversely, ADHD NSC proliferation slightly increased following MPH treatment at 10 nM, which also showed modulatory effects in the Wnt signaling in this group. Interestingly, no increases in proliferation were seen when DKK1 blocked Wnt signaling before MPH treatment. These findings suggest MPH regulates the canonical Wnt pathway and may partially explain ADHD neurodevelopmental abnormalities and MPH-specific benefits.
Enhanced antibacterial activity of organic acids via gallium chelation: a promising antibiotic alternative
Authors: Qin Yuhuan , Liu Xian , Luo Wei , Li Xia , Meng Yong , Qin Hui , Liao Xuepin , Shi Bi
Published: February 2025

As an alternative to antibiotics, acidifiers have gained widespread application in the feed industry. However, current acidifier products often suffer from limited antibacterial efficacy. To tackle this issue, we synthesized a series of organic acid - gallium complexes (Ga-OA) using organic acids (OA) and Ga3+ as precursors, via a liquid-phase synthesis method. The antimicrobial activity of Ga-OA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. was assessed using the Oxford cup and agar dilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), respectively. It was found that the Ga-OA complexes showed markedly higher antibacterial activity than each individually, and the antibacterial activity of Ga-OA complexes followed the order: Ga-Lac (lactic acid) > Ga-Ac (acetic acid) > Ga-BA (butyric acid). Furthermore, The MIC values of Ga-Lac against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp were 2.84, 0.18, and 2.84 mmol/L, respectively, meanwhile, the MBC values of Ga-Lac against these three bacteria were 5.68, 1.42, and 5.68 mmol/L, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the antibacterial mechanism of Ga-OA is initiated by organic acid (OA) binding to bacterial membranes, which promotes Ga3+ entry into the cell. This intracellular Ga³⁺ then disrupts iron transport, ultimately resulting in bacterial death. These results suggest that Ga-OA complexes have the potential to be a promising, safe, and effective antibacterial agent in animal husbandry, providing a solution to antibiotic resistance concerns.
Nesting site selection of the Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) on isolated island and their movement to nearby foraging areas
Authors: Amzah Badrulhadza , Ramli Rosli , Mamat Noorhidayah
Published: February 2025

Background
This study examines the nesting and foraging ecology of the Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) in Perak, Malaysia, focusing on Pulau Bangau and nearby rice fields. Pulau Bangau, located within the Perak River, emerged as an ideal nesting site due to its isolation, availability of large nesting trees such as berembang or Sonneratia caseolaris, and proximity to extensive rice fields serving as primary foraging grounds.
Methods
Fieldwork conducted from September 2022 to February 2023 documented nesting site preferences and foraging activities through visual observations, photographic documentation, and drone imagery.
Results
The findings reveal that proximity to water bodies, abundant food sources, and minimal disturbances are critical factors influencing nest site selection, consistent with patterns observed in other regions. Observations in nearby rice fields recorded significant stork activity, emphasizing the importance of agricultural landscapes in supporting the species. Ulu Dedap Blocks B and D were identified as key foraging areas, with the highest stork counts and observation frequencies. The study underscores the interdependence between nesting and foraging habitats, highlighting the energy efficiency and reproductive success associated with close habitat connectivity. However, reliance on agricultural landscapes poses challenges, including habitat degradation and food availability disruptions due to land-use changes.
Conclusion
These findings have important conservation implications, advocating for the protection of Pulau Bangau and sustainable management of rice fields. Integrating biodiversity-friendly practices in agriculture and preserving mature trees are critical for safeguarding the species' habitats and ensuring its long-term viability in Malaysia.
The physical and superconducting properties of hexagonal YGa2 and YB2 : A comparative ab-initio study
Authors: Yıldırım Gürcan , Parlak Cihan
Published: February 2025

This study explores the properties of AlB2-type YB2 and YGa2 compounds through ab initio density-functional calculations, focusing on elastic constants, electronic structures, mechanical behavior, thermodynamic characteristics, phononic properties, and electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling. The results obtained are consistent with theoretical predictions and compare the properties of the compounds to MgB2, aiming to evaluate their potential for achieving higher critical transition temperature (Tc). YGa2 is characterized by larger structural dimensions but exhibits lower phonon frequencies due to the higher atomic mass of gallium. In contrast, YB2 shows a higher Tc (5.6 K), attributed to its stronger e-ph coupling and higher density of states at the Fermi level. The shorter B-B bond lengths in YB2 enhance its band structure and elevate the Fermi energy. Both compounds exhibit mechanical stability, with YB2 displaying greater shear resistance and stronger covalent bonding. Furthermore, YB2 possesses a higher Debye temperature (779.75 K) and greater sound velocities, indicative of superior mechanical properties. The findings highlight the potential of YB2 for superconductivity, supported by its favorable electron-phonon interactions compared to YGa2.
Reservoir Sedimentation Management: Evaluating Sediment Size and Bottom Tunnel Effects on Sediment Flushing Efficiency
Authors: Roshdi Mostafa , Hassanzadeh Yousef , Kardan Nazila
Published: February 2025

Reservoir sediment flushing, recognized as a highly effective approach for mitigating reservoir sedimentation, involves the downstream discharge of sediment-laden flows through bottom tunnels. Alongside other critical parameters in pressure flushing, the simultaneous operation of bottom tunnels significantly contributes to the efficient removal of sediments from the reservoir, and this study evaluated the effects of the number and placement of these tunnels. The primary aim of removing sediment from reservoirs is to restore the lost volume resulting from sediment accumulation. This study endeavors to pinpoint the most optimal parameters for maximizing sediment removal from reservoirs, stressing the significance of effectively eliminating sediment from the dam reservoir during pressure flushing. To achieve these objectives, the CFD solver in Fluent is employed. While simulating bed erosion around bridge piers is not feasible within the Fluent CFD solver, a morphological model was developed and integrated with Fluent to address bed erosion beyond the flow solution. This integrated model combines the flow solution with a sediment transport model to establish the morphological model. The results demonstrated that achieving efficient pressure flushing in a reservoir with a constant water level is best accomplished in a reservoir containing sediment with a smaller average diameter, higher accumulation level, and a greater number of active bottom tunnels. Key elements include maintaining consistent discharge from each tunnel, ensuring uniform tunnel elevation, and preserving a fixed distance between them.