bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Procedures to Develop Storytelling-Based Assessment for Aging and Neurogenic Disorders
Authors: Choi Sujin , Lee Hyeri , Jo Eunha , Lim Yoonseob , Choi Yoomi , Han Jiyun , Sung Jee Eun
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a storytelling-based assessment for aging and neurogenic disorders. We developed a story scenario and picture stimuli to be used in this assessment. Methods: In experiment 1, in order to select the most familiar folk-tale, familiarity and contents’ awareness, surveys were conducted for participants aged from their 20s to 60s. In experiment 2, for the scenario composition of the finally selected folk-tale, stories were collected from published books, and the initial scenarios and picture stimuli were produced based on the core content and Correct Information Unit. In experiment 3, a storytelling-based assessment was conducted for 147 young people and written data was collected. Based on the word-class analysis from the written data, scenarios and pictures were revised. In experiment 4, a total of 115 individuals (young: 60, elderly: 55) participated in the storytelling-based assessment and spoken data were collected. The final scenarios and picture stimuli were completed using the results of word-class analysis from the spoken data. Results: In the results of experiment 1, the Korean folk-tale ‘Heungbu-Nolbu’ was selected as the most familiar story. Through experiments 2 to 4, we completed the final scenario and picture stimuli which consists of eight episodes and contains a total of 24 sentences and 32 CIUs. Conclusion: Our result is meaningful in providing the theoretical evidence for the development of a Korean version of storytelling-based language assessment. It can be applied to various age groups and neurogenic disorders.
Language Ability to Predict Subtypes of Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: Pi Minkyeong , Ha Seunghee
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in vocabulary, grammar, pragmatics, and early literacy skills according to subgroups of speech sound disorders (SSDs). Additionally, this study attempted to examine whether language ability could predict the subtype of SSDs suggested by Dodd’s model for differential diagnosis. Methods: Sixty-two children with SSDs aged 3-9 years were classified into groups with articulation disorders (AD), phonological delays (PD), and consistent/inconsistent phonological disorders (CPD/IPD). Vocabulary and grammar skills were evaluated, and pragmatics and early literacy skills was evaluated based on parental reports. Results: Children with SSDs exhibited significant differences in receptive/expressive vocabulary, receptive/expressive grammar, and early reading performance; but no significant differences were found in pragmatics and early writing. In general, children with AD showed significantly better performance in language than children within the other SSD subgroups, and the children with IPD showed lowest performance. This study showed that grammar was the best predictor of the subtypes of children with SSDs and was most vulnerable to children with SSDs. Conclusion: This study is significant in investigating and examining all aspects of language - vocabulary, grammar, pragmatics, and early literacy - of children with SSDs. This study suggests that the reception and expression of the grammar skills of children with SSDs should be evaluated in the clinical field.
Phonological Error Patterns in Subgroups of Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Ha Seunghee
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate phonological error patterns from multisyllable words in subgroups of speech sound disorders (SSDs) classified by linguistic symptomatology, and to examine whether underlying deficits of each subgroup of SSDs could be identified through phonological error patterns. Methods: The 2-5-syllable words, which a total of 120 children with SSDs from 3 years to 9 years 11 months produced, were analyzed; and phonological error patterns were determined. Phonological error patterns were categorized into whole word error patterns, segmental (consonants and vowels), and distortion error patterns, as well as into developmental and non-developmental error patterns. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether the subgroups of SSDs show differences in the occurrence ratio of each category. Results: Children with articulation disorders showed a relatively higher ratio of distortions compared to children of other subgroups, which confirms that articulation disorders are related to deficits in motoric level. Children with inconsistent phonological disorders were characterized with higher ratio of whole word error patterns, which may indicate their sequencing difficulties. Children with consistent or inconsistent phonological disorders showed a higher ratio of non-developmental error patterns which may reflect their weakness in phonological representations. Conclusion: This study supported the position that phonological error pattern analysis could allow us to know the underlying deficits which children with SSDs show in speech processing levels and ultimately to understand subgroups of SSDs.
Is A healthier Wales: our workforce strategy for health and social care actually a strategy?
Authors: Royce Robert
Published: October 2022

This article will argue that A healthier Wales: our workforce strategy for health and social care, produced by Health Education and Improvement Wales and Social Care Wales and endorsed by the Welsh Government in 2020, is best understood as a statement of ambitions, rather than as a strategy. NHS England's approach to workforce strategy, as set out in the Interim NHS people plan and other documents, elicits both points of similarity and key differences. This article reviews various conceptions of what a strategy might be and concludes that, although A healthier Wales contains elements of a number of different approaches to strategy, the absence of a delivery plan makes it of limited use. The length of time it has taken to produce and approve this document, as well as the delay in producing a delivery plan, is considered a critical weakness.
The bidirectional relationship between breastfeeding and mental health
Authors: Scarborough Jennifer , Norman Alyson , Cooper Leanne
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims

Breastfeeding rates in the UK are among the lowest in the world, despite its well-known benefits to maternal and infant health. The impact of breastfeeding on women's mental health may contribute to this. This study aimed to better understand the bidirectional relationship between breastfeeding and maternal mental health.

Methods

Women aged 20–45 years who had attempted to breastfeed between 2018 and 2019 were recruited. A mixed-methods design encompassed two components; 109 participants completed an online questionnaire and 24 took part in telephone interviews, analysed using a thematic approach.

Results

Five main themes were identified: pressure to breastfeed, provision of information and support, mixed impact on mental health, mental health impacting breastfeeding and attachment.

Conclusions

While a positive breastfeeding experience can lead to positive wellbeing, women highlighted a pressure to breastfeed that often led to negative wellbeing. Support and information are needed to promote mental health and longer breastfeeding duration, specifically for those mothers experiencing mental health difficulties.
Craniofacial microsomia: management and outcomes. Part 2
Authors: Gibson Clara , Mubeen Suhaym , Evans Robert
Published: October 2022

Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital facial condition that affects the structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. It results in underdevelopment of facial structures, most commonly causing abnormal mandibular growth and morphology. Part 1 of this two-part series outlined the aetiology, classification systems and clinical features of CFM. In this article, we explore the management pathway and treatment approaches that may be undertaken. We highlight the dental and orthodontic involvement in managing patients with CFM.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: For patients with CFM, having an understanding of the overall facial and dental management helps the clinician to plan for dental and orthodontic care.
Embedded parallel Fourier ptychographic microscopy reconstruction system
Authors: Zhou Guocheng , Zhang Shaohui , Hu Yao , Cao Lei , Huang Yong , Hao Qun
Published: October 2022

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) has attracted a wide range of
focus for its ability of large space–bandwidth product and
quantitative phase imaging. It is a typical computational imaging
technique that jointly optimizes imaging hardware and reconstruction
algorithms. The data redundancy and inverse problem algorithms are the
sources of FPM’s excellent performance. But at the same time, this
large amount of data processing and complex algorithms also evidently
reduce the imaging speed. To accelerate the FPM reconstruction speed,
we proposed a fast FPM reconstruction framework consisting of three
levels of parallel computation and implemented it with an embedded
computing module. In the conventional FPM framework, the sample image
is divided into multiple sub-regions to process separately because the
illumination angles and defocus distances for different sub-regions
may also be different. Our parallel framework first performs digital
refocusing and high-resolution reconstruction for each sub-region
separately and then stitches the complex sub-regions together to
obtain the final high-resolution complex image. The feasibility of the
proposed parallel FPM reconstruction framework is verified with
different experimental results acquired with the system we built.
Effects of illumination non-uniformity on the double-Ronchi lateral shearing interference field
Authors: Liu Yang , Tang Feng , Li Sikun , Wang Xiangzhao , Su Rong
Published: October 2022

Double-Ronchi shearing
interferometry is a promising
technique for in situ wavefront aberration measurement of the projection lens
in photolithography systems. In practice, the non-uniformity of
illumination is an important issue affecting the interference field,
which has not been systematically researched. In this work, the
interference field errors caused by non-uniform illumination
distributions are analyzed utilizing the theories of scalar
diffraction. The theoretical analysis has been verified by simulation
and fundamental experiments. Results show that the uniformity
requirements for the abrupt annular, Gaussian, and uniform random
illumination distribution (RD) are 0.9434, 0.8439, and 0.2751,
respectively, with a shear ratio of 5% and a relative wavefront
reconstruction error of 1%. The uniformity of the three distributions
is reduced to 0.6513, 0.5864, and 0.1234, respectively, with the shear
ratio shrunk to 3%. When the shear ratio is less than 1%, there is no
specific requirement for illumination uniformity.
High-quality binary fringe generation by multi-scale optimization on intensity and phase
Authors: Wang Xu , Mai Songping , Yu Jie
Published: October 2022

The optimization-based binary fringe generation method can greatly improve the quality of projected fringes for structured light measurement. However, the existing phase-based and intensity-based methods are either sensitive to the projector defocus levels or cannot reduce the phase error efficiently, and these two methods only optimize the phase or intensity at a single defocus scale. A new method is proposed to optimize the intensity and phase of binary fringe on multiple defocus scales, to the best of our knowledge, which can effectively reduce the phase error and ensure its robustness. The algorithm is accelerated by block optimization. We also proposed a strategy based on objective index evaluation to simplify the process of selecting the best binary patch. Simulation and experiment results show that the binary fringe generated by the proposed method is of high-phasing quality while keeping robust to different defocus levels of the projector.
Experimental realization of modulated Hermite–Gaussian laser modes: a maximum number of highly intense lobes
Authors: Meena Hemant Kumar , Singh Brijesh Kumar
Published: October 2022

Here, we present an experimental method that redistributes the optical energy among the lobes of high-order standard Hermite–Gaussian (SHG) laser modes in a controlled manner. We numerically designed diffractive optical elements, displayed over a spatial light modulator for redistribution of optical energy that converts low and moderate intense lobes into all highly intense lobes and vice versa at the Fourier plane. Such precise generation of modulated HG (MHG) laser modes offers a maximum number of highly intense lobes compared to SHG modes. Hence, we envisage that MHG beams may surpass SHG beams in many applications, such as particle manipulation and optical lithography, where highly intense lobes play a significant role.
Highly sensitive curvature sensor based on a sandwich multimode fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Yang Xiangwen , Luo Binbin , Wu Decao , Fan Junhao , Gu Hong , Guo Yilin , Zhao Mingfu
Published: October 2022

A highly sensitive optical fiber Mach–Zehnder interference curvature sensor based on MMF-GIMMF-MMF, which was made by sandwiching the graded-index multimode fiber (GIMMF) between two pieces of very short stepped-index multimode fibers (SIMMFs) spliced with input-single-mode fiber (SMF) and output–SMF, respectively, was proposed. The core diameter of the SIMMFs and GIMMF was 105 µm and 50 µm, respectively, and cladding diameter of them were both 125 µm. The sensing principle of the MMF-GIMMF- MMF sensors and the influences of structure parameters on the interference spectrum characteristics were theoretically analyzed in detail. Experimental results showed that when the length of the GIMMF was short enough (usually ≤ 10 mm), interference spectrum was induced by the interaction between the core modes and the low-order cladding modes due to the special structure of the designed Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Intensity of the interference valleys was highly sensitive to the applied bending but nearly independent of the surrounding temperature, on the contrary, the dip wavelength showed negligible sensitivity to the applied bending but relatively high temperature sensitivity. Thus, a temperature- independent curvature sensor could be realized by tracing the intensity variation of interference valley. In addition, different interference valley exhibited different intensity-based curvature sensitivity, providing more options for curvature sensing applications. Especially, total length of the sensor could be as short as 3 mm with length of GIMMF and SIMMFs only 1mm, the maximum curvature sensitivity could reach up to -78.75 dB/m-1 in the small curvature range of 0-2.36 m-1. Owing to its compact size, easy fabrication, good reproducibility and low cost, the proposed sensor is promising for bending-related high-precision engineering applications.
Remote switch for Schrödinger’s cat state using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement
Authors: Xin Jun , Li Ge
Published: October 2022

We propose a ‘remote switch’ for Schrödinger’s cat state (SCS). Resorting to nonlocal correlations, we demonstrate that an approximate SCS can be heralded at one mode of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state, via a conditional ‘hybrid projective measurement’ (HPM) performed on the other one mode. The HPM is able to fully manipulate both size and parity of the generated SCS. Here, the HPM consists of both photon number measurement and homodyne conditioning. Such a remote switch for SCS will open up new ideas in subsequent protocols, including fundamental tests and nonlocal manipulation of non-Gaussian states.
Reduction in initiations of drug-sensitive tuberculosis treatment in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of retrospective, facility-level data
Authors: Benade Mariet , Long Lawrence , Meyer-Rath Gesine , Miot Jacqui , Evans Denise , Tucker Jeanne-Marie , Moultrie Harry , Rosen Sydney
Published: October 2022

In response to the global pandemic of COVID-19, South Africa implemented a strict lockdown in March 2020 before its first COVID-19 wave started, gradually lifted restrictions between May and September 2020, and then re-imposed restrictions in December 2020 in response to its second wave. There is concern that COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality, the deprioritization of TB activities, fear of transmission, and societal restrictions led to a reduction in tuberculosis (TB) treatment initiations. We analysed monthly public sector, facility-level data from South Africa’s District Health Information System (DHIS) from January 2019 to April 2021 to quantify changes in TB treatment initiation numbers stratified by province, setting, and facility type and compared the timing of these changes to COVID-19 case numbers and government lockdown levels. At the 1189 facilities that reported observations for all 28 months of our study period, TB treatment initiations in 2020 were 20.4% lower than in 2019 and 21.9% lower in the first four months of 2021 than in 2019. At the 3669 facilities that reported observations in ≤28 months, numbers of TB treatment initiations declined sharply in all provinces in May-August 2020, compared to the same months in 2019. After recovering somewhat in the last four months of 2020, numbers plummeted again in early 2021. Percentage reductions were somewhat larger in urban and peri-urban areas than in rural areas. Most provinces experienced a clear inverse relationship between COVID-19 cases and TB treatment initiations but little relationship between TB treatment initiations and lockdown level. The COVID-19 pandemic and responses to it resulted in substantial declines in the number of individuals starting treatment for TB in South Africa and risked progress toward achieving TB management goals. Exceptional effort will be needed to sustain gains in combating TB.
Genomic insights into the evolutionary relationships and demographic history of kiwi
Authors: Westbury Michael V. , De Cahsan Binia , Shepherd Lara D. , Holdaway Richard N. , Duchene David A. , Lorenzen Eline D.
Published: October 2022

Kiwi are a unique and emblematic group of birds endemic to New Zealand. Deep-time evolutionary relationships among the five extant kiwi species have been difficult to resolve, in part due to the absence of pre-Quaternary fossils to inform speciation events. Here, we utilise single representative nuclear genomes of all five extant kiwi species (great spotted kiwi, little spotted kiwi, Okarito brown kiwi, North Island brown kiwi, and southern brown kiwi) and investigate their evolutionary histories with phylogenomic, genetic diversity, and deep-time (past million years) demographic analyses. We uncover relatively low levels of gene-tree phylogenetic discordance across the genomes, suggesting clear distinction between species. However, we also find indications of post-divergence gene flow, concordant with recent reports of interspecific hybrids. The four species for which unbiased levels of genetic diversity could be calculated, due to the availability of reference assemblies (all species except the southern brown kiwi), show relatively low levels of genetic diversity, which we suggest reflects a combination of older environmental as well as more recent anthropogenic influence. In addition, we suggest hypotheses regarding the impact of known past environmental events, such as volcanic eruptions and glacial periods, on the similarities and differences observed in the demographic histories of the five kiwi species over the past million years.
3D printed transtibial prosthetic sockets: A systematic review
Authors: Kim Sunjung , Yalla Sai , Shetty Sagar , Rosenblatt Noah J.
Published: October 2022

The prosthetic socket, which transfers load from the residual limb to the prosthesis, is an integral part of the prosthesis. 3D printing has emerged as a potentially viable alternative to traditional fabrication for producing sockets that effectively transfer loads. We conducted a systematic review to better understand the current state of this newer fabrication method, with a focus on the structural integrity of 3D printed sockets and factors that can affect the strength of 3D printed sockets when tested using ISO 10328 standards. Literature searches were carried out in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar). Two reviewers independently performed the literature selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. A total of 1023 unique studies were screened in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 1023 studies, 12 studies met all inclusion criteria, with failure data for 15 3D-printed sockets and 26 standard laminated sockets. Within 3D printed sockets, the addition of composite materials such as carbon fiber particles and distal reinforcement using a compositing infill technique appears to improve socket strength. In light of the considerable amount of heterogeneity between studies in terms of materials and alignment used, the absolute values for failure could not be established for 3DS nor directly compared between 3DS and LCS. However, there is some evidence that the probability of a failure at a given load may be comparable between 3DS and LCS up to the P8 level. For all sockets, whether a laminated composite socket or a 3D printed socket, failure mainly occurred at the distal end of the socket or the pyramid attachment, which is consistent with the ISO testing protocol. Improving the strength of the 3D printed sockets through design modifications at the distal end and implementing emerging printing technologies could help to promote 3D printed sockets as a viable option, particularly when cost or access to care is limited.
Foster children’s perspectives on participation in child welfare processes: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: McTavish Jill R. , McKee Christine , MacMillan Harriet L.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this meta-synthesis was to systematically synthesise qualitative research that explores foster children’s perspectives on participation in child welfare processes. Searches were conducted in Medline (OVID), Embase, PsycINFO, and Social Science Citation Index. Children in non-kinship foster care in any setting (high-income, middle-income, low-income countries) who self-reported their experiences of care (removal from home, foster family processes, placement breakdown) were eligible for inclusion. Selected studies took place in 11 high-income countries. A total of 8436 citations were identified and 25 articles were included in this meta-synthesis. Studies summarized the views of 376 children. Children had been in foster care between two weeks and 17 years. Findings synthesize ‘facets’ of children’s participation (e.g., being asked vs making decisions), as well as children’s perceived barriers and facilitators to participation. A main priority for children was the quality of their relationships, especially in terms of values (e.g., fairness, honesty, inclusivity). No one way of participating in child welfare processes is better than another, as some children more clearly expressed a desire for passive listening roles and others indicated a desire for active roles in decision-making. However, meaningful adults in foster children’s lives have a responsibility to act in a way that strengthens the emphasis on children’s needs and voices.
Development of a checklist of standard items for processing individual participant data from randomised trials for meta-analyses: Protocol for a modified e-Delphi study
Authors: Hunter Kylie E. , Webster Angela C. , Clarke Mike , Page Matthew J. , Libesman Sol , Godolphin Peter J. , Aberoumand Mason , Rydzewska Larysa H. M. , Wang Rui , Tan Aidan C. , Li Wentao , Mol Ben W. , Willson Melina , Brown Vicki , Palacios Talia , Seidler Anna Lene
Published: October 2022

Individual participant data meta-analyses enable detailed checking of data quality and more complex analyses than standard study-level synthesis of summary data based on publications. However, there is limited existing guidance on the specific systematic checks that should be undertaken to confirm and enhance data quality for individual participant data meta-analyses and how to conduct these checks. We aim to address this gap by developing a checklist of items for data quality checking and cleaning to be applied to individual participant data meta-analyses of randomised trials. This study will comprise three phases: 1) a scoping review to identify potential checklist items; 2) two e-Delphi survey rounds among an invited panel of experts followed by a consensus meeting; and 3) pilot testing and refinement of the checklist, including development of an accompanying R-markdown program to facilitate its uptake.
Trends in diabetes-related complications in Singapore, 2013–2020: A registry-based study
Authors: Tan Joshua Kuan , Salim Nur Nasyitah Mohamed , Lim Gek Hsiang , Chia Sing Yi , Thumboo Julian , Bee Yong Mong
Published: October 2022

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health problem. In Singapore, the prevalence of Type 2 DM is rising, but comprehensive information about trends in DM-related complications is lacking.

Objectives

We utilized the Singapore Health Services (SingHealth) diabetes registry (SDR) to assess trends in DM micro and macro-vascular complications at the population level, explore factors influencing these trends.

Methods

We studied trends for ten DM-related complications: ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and strokes, diabetic eye complications, nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot, major and minor lower extremity amputation (LEA). The complications were determined through clinical coding in hospital (inpatient and outpatient) and primary care settings within the SingHealth cluster. We described event rates for the complications in 4 age-bands. Joinpoint regression was used to identify significant changes in trends.

Results

Among 222,705 patients studied between 2013 and 2020. 48.6% were female, 70.7% Chinese, 14.7% Malay and 10.6% Indian with a mean (SD) age varying between 64.6 (12.5) years in 2013 and 65.7 (13.2) years in 2020. We observed an increase in event rates in IHD, PAD, stroke, diabetic eye complications nephropathy, and neuropathy. Joinpoints was observed for IHD and PAD between 2016 to 2018, with subsequent plateauing of event rates. Major and minor LEA event rates decreased through the study period.

Conclusion

We found that DM and its complications represent an important challenge for healthcare in Singapore. Improvements in the trends of DM macrovascular complications were observed. However, trends in DM microvascular complications remain a cause for concern.
Comparison of tests done, and tuberculosis cases detected by Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® MTB/RIF-Ultra in Uganda
Authors: Kakinda Michael , Tugumisirize Didas , Nyombi Abdunoor , Mugisha Marvin , Turyahabwe Stavia , Walusimbi Simon , Matovu Joseph K. B.
Published: October 2022

Background

Uganda introduced Xpert® MTB/RIF assay into its TB diagnostic algorithm in January 2012. In July 2018, this assay was replaced with Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay. We set out to compare the tests done and tuberculosis cases detected by Xpert® MTB/RIF and Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay in Uganda.

Methods

This was a before and after study, with the tests done and TB cases detected between Jan-June 2019 when using Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay compared to those done between Jan-June 2018 while using Xpert® MTB/RIF assay. This data was analyzed using Stata version 13, it was summarized into measures of central tendency and the comparison between Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert® MTB/RIF was explored using a two-sided T-test which was considered significant if p <0.05.

Results

One hundred and twelve (112) GeneXpert sites out of a possible 239 were included in the study. 128,476 (M: 1147.11, SD: 842.88) tests were performed with Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra assay, with 9693 drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) cases detected (M: 86.54, SD: 62.12) and 144 (M: 1.28, SD: 3.42) Rifampicin Resistant TB cases (RR-TB). Whilst 107, 890 (M: 963.30, SD: 842.88) tests were performed with Xpert® MTB/RIF assay between, 8807 (M: 78.63, SD: 53.29) DS-TB cases were detected, and 147 (M: 1.31, SD: 2.39) RR-TB cases. The Number Need to Test (NNT) to get one TB case was 12 for Xpert® MTB/RIF and 13 for Xpert ®MTB/RIF Ultra. On comparing the two assays in terms of test performance (p = 0.75) and case detection both susceptible TB (p = 0.31) and RR-TB (p = 0.95) were not found statistically significant.

Conclusions

This study found no significant difference in test performance and overall detection of DS-TB and RR-TB when using Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert® MTB/RIF assays. The health systems approach should be used to elucidate all the probable potential of Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra.
Using care and support planning to implement routine falls prevention and management for people living with frailty: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Finch Tracy , Fay Michaela , Smith Joanne , Kleiser Helen , Dews Deborah , Roberts Sue , Shaw Fiona , Haining Shona , Oliver Lindsay
Published: October 2022

Background

Frailty is a key issue in current healthcare delivery and falls is an important component. Care and support planning (CSP) is an established approach to managing long term conditions (LTCs) and has potential to provide more person-centred care for those at risk of falling. This qualitative evaluation aimed to understand the barriers and success criteria involved in incorporating falls assessment and management into the CSP process.

Methods

CSP for falls prevention was implemented in eight general practices in the North of England. Six of the eight practices participated in the qualitative evaluation. Seven group interviews were undertaken with staff (n = 31) that included practice nurses, health care assistants, nurses, and administrative staff (n = 2–8 per group). Observations of the falls and CSP training provided additional data. Interviews covered experiences and potential impacts of training, and processes of implementation of the programme, and were informed by normalisation process theory. Thematic analysis was undertaken using a team-based approach.

Results

Although successfully implemented across the practices, how established CSP was and therefore ‘organisational readiness’ was an overarching theme that illustrated differences in how easily sites were able to implement the additional elements for frailty. The challenges, successes and impacts of implementation are demonstrated through this theme and four further themes: training resources and learning; positive impacts of the programme (including enabling easier conversations around ‘frailty’); integrating work processes/work with patients; and dealing with uncertainty and complexity.

Conclusions

Care and Support Planning services designed to target frailty and falls is feasible and can successfully be delivered in the primary care setting, if key enablers are promoted and challenges to implementation addressed from planning through to integration in practice.
Defining defashion: A manifesto for degrowth
Authors: Niessen Sandra
Published: October 2022

A paradigmatic shift is needed if the Fashion industry is to put the well-being of people, their lifeways and the earth first. Like degrowth, defashion involves a deep reduction in material and energy throughputs in clothing production, but it goes much beyond this standard approach to sustainability. The required shift is comparable to the revolutionary change that must be made to the global economic system in order to achieve degrowth and is encapsulated in the definition of the term ‘defashion’. The neologism is a call to action: to dismantle the current Fashion system and replace it with a pluriverse of clothing systems that are fair, local, decolonial and profoundly respectful and nurturing. The activist group, Fashion Act Now, which is launching the term, proposes the clothing commons as a post-fashion strategy.
Socioeconomic determinants of the individual micro-entrepreneur (IME)
Authors: Morais Mateus Cerqueira Anício , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz , Vitória José Ricardo , Mendes Wesley de Almeida
Published: October 2022

Objective: identifying the possible relationships between socioeconomic variables and the manifestation of the Individual Micro-Entrepreneur (IME). Methodology/approach: from the survey of characteristics of the IME, in databases in the Brazilian scope, under a quantitative approach, multiple regression analysis was applied, including social and economic variables of municipalities in Minas Gerais. Main results: there are significant effects of the variables education, income, and basic sanitation on the proportion of IME at the municipal level. Their values show that better socioeconomic conditions are inversely related to the IME. Theoretical/methodological contributions: this study contributes to the discussion on entrepreneurship policies and the types of businesses to be promoted by governments. It identifies its explanatory variables in developing countries. Relevance/originality: this study (a) strengthens the scientific construction based on the results of the institution of the legal framework of the IME in Brazil; and (b) it delves into issues related to the effect of socioeconomic variables on IME, covering entrepreneurship “for survival” and as a “lifestyle” – themes that are still little explored by the academic literature, especially when it involves developing countries. Social/management contributions: in practical terms, to present the social and economic realities of entrepreneurs benefiting from the IME legal apparatus provides grounds for reflecting and analyzing the expected effects of this public policy.
Trajectory Tracking Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Called PAST
Authors: Szymak Piotr , Kot Rafał
Published: October 2022

The increasing development of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) with varying levels of autonomy can be seen globally. The paper is devoted to the new AUV called PAST being developed and built within the Polish development project entitled „Development of the underwater autonomous transport system” (no. POIR.01.01.01-00-0893/20). Mainly, the paper focuses on high-level control of PAST AUV devoted to controlling along the desired trajectory. It demands a set of tuned controllers of advanced velocity, course, depth, and trim. The trajectory tracking algorithm should be implemented and verified for different trajectories set in practice. At the beginning of the article, an introduction to the research is inserted. Then, the following scientific issues are presented: the mathematical model of AUV motion, high-level control structure, and the trajectory tracking algorithm. Next, the results of numerical research in the MATLAB environment are presented. In the end, the conclusions for future research are formulated.
Bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-Organ-Absorbed Dose Conversion Coefficients for the Epidemiological Study of Korean Radiation Workers
Authors: Jeong Areum , Kwon Tae-Eun , Lee Wonho , Park Sunhoo
Published: October 2022

Background: The effects of radiation on the health of radiation workers who are constantly susceptible to occupational exposure must be assessed based on an accurate and reliable reconstruction of organ-absorbed doses that can be calculated using personal dosimeter readings measured as Hp(10) and dose conversion coefficients. However, the data used in the dose reconstruction contain significant biases arising from the lack of reality and could result in an inaccurate measure of organ-absorbed doses. Therefore, this study quantified the biases involved in organ dose reconstruction and calculated the bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-organ-absorbed dose coefficients for the use in epidemiological studies of Korean radiation workers.Materials and Methods: Two major biases were considered: (a) the bias in Hp(10) arising from the difference between the dosimeter calibration geometry and the actual exposure geometry, and (b) the bias in air kerma-to-Hp(10) conversion coefficients resulting from geometric differences between the human body and slab phantom. The biases were quantified by implementing personal dosimeters on the slab and human phantoms coupled with a Monte Carlo method and considered to calculate the bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-organ-absorbed dose conversion coefficients.Results and Discussion: The bias in Hp(10) was significant for large incident angles and low energies (e.g., 0.32 for right lateral at 218 keV), whereas the bias in dose coefficients was significant for the posteroanterior (PA) geometry only (e.g., 0.79 at 218 keV). The bias-corrected Hp(10)-to-organ-absorbed dose conversion coefficients derived in this study were up to 3.09-fold greater than those from the International Commission on Radiological Protection publications without considering the biases.Conclusion: The obtained results will aid future studies in assessing the health effects of occupational exposure of Korean radiation workers. The bias-corrected dose coefficients of this study can be used to calculate organ doses for Korean radiation workers based on personal dose records.
Editorial
Authors: Jurado Valencia Fabio
Published: October 2022

La última década del siglo XX y la primera del siglo XXI son, definitivamente, las décadas en las que se destaca la preocupación hacia los problemas de la evaluación en la educación. Ya sea la evaluación aplicada en la cotidianidad de las aulas -evaluación interna- o ya sea la evaluación de la calidad de la educación -evaluación externa-, nunca antes como en este período se habían generado tantas tensiones y deliberaciones sobre el tema. En la evaluación interna la verticalidad fue debilitada, en aras de la flexibilidad y de la denominada promoción automática en la educación básica; en la evaluación externa, los resultados de las pruebas estandarizadas asumieron roles protagónicos para determinar los niveles de “calidad” de las instituciones educativas, pero a su vez condujeron a múltiples preguntas sobre los factores asociados con el aprendizaje escolar.
Editorial
Authors: Quitián Bernal Sandra Patricia
Published: October 2022

La escritura como actividad propia del lenguaje no solo dota a los seres humanos de múltiples posibilidades de representación y recreación de la realidad, sino que además favorece su condición de sujeto discursivo; en tanto el lenguaje, y de modo particular la lengua escrita, dinamiza y catapulta la participación de hombres y mujeres en la construcción de tejido social desde diversos ámbitos de la cultura.
Pengaruh Jumlah Responden terhadap Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Kuesioner Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Swamedikasi
Authors: Amalia Rezha Nur , Dianingati Ragil Setia , Annisaa' Eva
Published: October 2022

Swamedikasi merupakan upaya untuk melakukan pengobatan sendiri. Dalam bidang farmasi sosial, penelitian mengenai swamedikasi tentang pengetahuan dan perilaku merupakan sesuatu yang lazim dilakukan. Tidak jarang, peneliti dituntut untuk membuat kuesioner sendiri. Untuk menjamin validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner, ada beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan, salah satunya adalah menggunakan validasi dan reliabilitas secara statistik. Namun, jumlah responden yang digunakan tidak ada patokan khusus, sebagian besar menggunakan 30 responden yang kadang memberatkan untuk penelitian dengan populasi kecil.  Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik dengan menggunakan berbagai jumlah responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat Wonosobo. Jumlah responden yang digunakan adalah 15, 30 dan 39 orang. Validitas diuji menggunakan pearson product moment dan reliabilitas diuji dengan cronbach’s alpha. Hasil dari uji validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa kuesioner pengetahuan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel dengan pengujian 39 sampel sedangkan kuesioner perilaku swamedikasi terdapat 1 pertanyaan yang tidak valid namun reliabel dengan pengujian 30 sampel, Sedangkan dengan jumlah 15 responden menunjukkan hasil beberapa pertanyaan tidak valid baik dikuesioner pengetahuan maupun perilaku, sedangkan hasil reliabilitasnya kuesioner pengetahuan valid dan perilaku tidak valid. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah responden yang digunakan untuk uji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi akan mempengaruhi hasil.
Comparison of Direct Runoff Values Between Numerical Model and Convolution of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method
Authors: Christopher Cleon , Ginting Bobby Minola , Yudianto Doddi , Wicaksono Albert
Published: October 2022

This paper compares the results of direct runoff obtained by a numerical model of the shallow water equations (SWE) with the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) methods generally used in Indonesia. It is known that such SUH methods are still empirical, thus making it difficult for users to determine a representative method. Meanwhile, the hydrodynamic approach such as the SWE numerical model can achieve more accurate results in predicting the direct runoff compared to the SUH methods, because the model itself is derived mathematically based on the physical processes. The findings indicate that the direct runoff predicted using the SWE numerical model (HEC-RAS 5.0.7) produced more accurate results for the peak discharge with an average error of -0.07%, the peak time with an average error of 19.77%, and the shape of the hydrograph with the smallest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) from all the cases tested. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the future the use of a hydrodynamic approach is highly recommended for the direct runoff prediction. This paper was also aimed to be used as a reference in the development of new, more accurate SUH method in the future.
Aporie Benthamovy etiky
Authors: Sklenář Václav
Published: October 2022

The topic of the article is the aporia of Bentham’s ethics. I point to the deeper philosophical foundations of Bentham’s ethical thought which
draw on the materialist and empiricist traditions of the Enlightenment.
I show how these foundations lead to a naturalistic reduction of all normative concepts, and I present the aporetic implications of this reduction with respect to the duality of Bentham’s basic ethical principle and his theory of the motivation of human action.
O pojídání masa (přel. M. Šedina)
Authors: Plútarchos
Published: October 2022

Translation of On Meat-Eating by Plutarch
J. Bierhanzl, Estetika ambiguity
Authors: Kubalík Štěpán
Published: October 2022

Book review on Jan Bierhanzl, Estetika ambiguity. Praha (Karolinum) 2021, 123 str.
Kritický posthumanismus
Authors: Pokorný Vít
Published: October 2022

Critical Posthumanism
Udělat ze svého omezení výhodu, alespoň v nějakém ohledu. Ohlédnutí za Petrou Maťovou (1971–2022)
Authors: Čapek Jakub
Published: October 2022

Obituary on Petra Maťová
A curriculum-based laboratory kit for flexible teaching and learning of practical chemistry
Authors: Wong Hee Ting , Sim Siong Fong
Published: October 2022

Laboratory practical is an essential component for effective learning of science. To provide laboratory experience can be a challenge to some rural schools with limited laboratory facilities. The situation was exacerbated when schools were close due to the COVID pandemic. This paper reports a laboratory kit designed based on the Standard Curriculum for Secondary Schools in Malaysia (KSSM). The kit was evaluated by students and experienced teachers from town and rural schools. Pre- and post-test was conducted with the students before and after using the kit. A questionnaire was disseminated to appraise the students’ perceptions on practical learning. There was a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the overall score of the post-test comparing to the pre-test. Both rural and town schools demonstrated a marked increase in the overall mean scores in the post-test. There was also improvement in affection for chemistry among students after using the kit. The practical kit can be deployed in schools with laboratory constraints and to be used outside the school settings. It was designed to be affordable, safe and environmental-friendly, providing individualized hands-on exposure.
On the “tree” structure of natural numbers
Authors: Iudelevich Vitalii V.
Published: October 2022

With each positive integer one can naturally associate a graph in the form of a tree. This paper is concerned with the average values of the number of edges, the number of leaves and the height of trees corresponding to positive integers not greater than a given boundary.
Curvature of the Boolean majority function
Authors: Tissin Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2022

The Boolean majority function and the generalized Boolean majority function of an even number n of variables are considered. For these functions exact values of the Walsh coefficients and the curvature are calculated.
Rapid Screening of the Mechanical Properties of 13 wt%Cr Steels with Uncharted Combinations of C and N Contents
Authors: Mahdavi H. , Kücükyildiz Ö. C. , Dahl K. V. , Somers M. A. J. , Poulios K. , Christiansen T. L. , Villa M.
Published: October 2022

Stainless steels containing both C and N have unique characteristics while requiring unconventional manufacturing methods. This latter feature also translates into a lack of systematic investigations into their properties. In this work, a series of 13 wt%Cr steels with various interstitial solid solutions of C and N was synthesized by high temperature solution nitriding, HTSN, of commercial 13 wt%Cr martensitic steels. Light optical microscopy was applied to reveal the microstructural features, which consisted of a combination of martensite and austenite in various ratios depending on the C and N content. The mechanical response was characterized by nanoindentation. Data analysis assumed a fixed hardening exponent and provided an estimate of the yield strength and Young’s modulus of the synthesized steels and their microstructural components. The comparison with literature data indicated that this estimate is sound for martensite, while the data for austenite suggests an underestimation of the hardening exponent for this phase. The investigation demonstrates the potential of HTSN for the synthesis of novel 13 wt%Cr steels alloyed with both C and N. Moreover, it suggests that the use of nanoindentation for extracting the mechanical properties is limited by the non-uniqueness of the method with regard to the hardening exponent.
Indikationenset für Seelsorge: Entwicklung eines Instruments für interprofessionelles Spiritual Care nach der Delphi-Methodik
Authors: Roser Traugott , Aebi Renata , Mösli Pascal
Published: October 2022

Eine Arbeitsgruppe von Seelsorgepraktiker/-innen und Seelsorgetheoretiker/-innen in der Schweiz und Deutschland hat im Rahmen eines mehrstufigen Delphi-Prozesses ein neuartiges Set von sieben Indikationen für den Beizug von Seelsorge entwickelt. Es soll Pflegende, Ärzte und Ärztinnen und weitere Berufsgruppen darin unterstützen, spirituellen Bedarf von Patientinnen und Patienten zu erkennen und auf die Kompetenz von Seelsorge zuzugreifen. Das Instrument dient der interprofessionellen Vernetzung, der Sensibilisierung des Betreuungsteams für gesundheitsberufliches Spiritual Care und eignet sich für Fortbildungsmaßnahmen.