bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política de rentas, desarrollo equilibrado y reforma de la estructura social de España
Authors: Recio Eugenio
Published: September 2020

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Dificultades de la inversión privada extranjera en España
Authors: Carbonell Rafael
Published: September 2020

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Numerical simulation of the tree higro-thermal response in forest fire environment
Authors: Conceiçã Eusébio , Gomes João , Lúcio Maria Manuela , Raposo Jorge , Viegas Domingos Xavier , Viegas Maria Teresa
Published: September 2020

This paper refers to a numerical study of the hypo-thermal behaviour of a pine tree in a forest fire environment. The pine tree thermal response numerical model is based on energy balance integral equations for the tree elements and mass balance integral equation for the water in the tree. The simulation performed considers the heat conduction through the tree elements, heat exchanges by convection between the external tree surfaces and the environment, heat exchanges by radiation between the flame and the external tree surfaces and water heat loss by evaporation from the tree to the environment. The virtual three-dimensional tree model has a height of 7.5 m and is constituted by 8863 cylindrical elements representative of its trunks, branches and leaves. The fire front has 10 m long and a 2 m high. The study was conducted taking into account that the pine tree is located 5, 10 or 15 m from the fire front. For these three analyzed distances, the numerical results obtained regarding to the distribution of the view factors, mean radiant temperature and surface temperatures of the pine tree are presented. As main conclusion, it can be stated that the values of the view factor, MRT and surface temperatures of the pine tree decrease with increasing distance from the pine tree in front of fire.
Effect of crocin on PKHD1 and KLLN genes expression in kidney tissue of female rats treated with cadmium
Authors: Mohamdyari Akram , Zahra Keshtmand , Asghari Moghadam Nastaran
Published: September 2020

According to data from studies, antioxidant herbal compounds are, likely to have a useful role in reducing the harmful effects of environmental pollutants and toxic chemicals that most people are exposed to. Cadmium is one of the toxic elements that accumulate in many organs, especially in kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crocin on the expression of PKHD1 and KLLN genes in cadmium-treated rats.
In this experimental study, 40 adults male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into the following groups: control group received normal saline, cadmium group (15mg/kg), crocin group (20mg/kg) and cadmium group daily fed with crocin at a dose of 20 mg/kg.
After eight weeks of treatment, rats were dissected, and kidney tissues were removed for evaluation of PKHD1 and KLLN gene expression by real time method. The data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA and significant difference between groups was P<0.05.
Our results showed an increase in PKHD1 gene expression and a decrease in KLLN gene expression in kidney tissue in the cadmium group compared to the control group (P <0.001). Also, a significant decrease in PKHD1 gene expression (P <0.001) and an increase in KLLN gene expression P <0.05) were observed in the tissues of all cadmium-treated rats compared to cadmium.
Crocin consumption can have a protective effect against the impaired expression of PKHD1 and KLLN cadmium-induced apoptotic pathway.
Authors: Pramesty Koenarso Dyah Ageng
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang penerapan safe place technique dalam menurunkan gejala kecemasan pada anak yang mengalami selective mutism. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TA Zam-zam Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu model Miles Huberman. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara, observasi dan analisis dokumen. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang dilakukan guru pada N menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip dasar teknik safe place tepat digunakan pada N karena tidak langsung berfokus pada masalah pendekatan penolakan berbicara yang dialami oleh anak, hal ini terlihat dari sikap anak N yang sedikit demi sedikit mulai membuka diri dengan sekitarnya. Anak tidak dituntut untuk memverbalisasikan perasaan atau emosi yang mereka rasakan. Perasaan dan pikiran anak dapat diekspresikan melalui bermain dan menggambar.
Variación de la presentación de los síntomas al diagnosticar el desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno
Authors: Macouzet-Romero Fernando José , Ochoa-Maynez Gabriel Antonio , Pérez-Aragón Beatriz Jatziri , Lima-Gómez Virgilio
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La sintomatología que presentan los pacientes con desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno atendidos en nuestro medio se desconoce.Objetivo. Identificar la distribución de los síntomas al diagnosticar un desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno, compararla entre sexos y determinar si algún síntoma es más frecuente en ojos sin disminución de la agudeza visual.Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico en pacientes atendidos por desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno entre enero de 2018 y mayo de 2019 en una institución oftalmológica. En cada ojo se identificó la edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución de la sintomatología, agudeza visual corregida, y los síntomas: disminución de agudeza visual, escotomas, fotopsias, miodesopsias, eritropsias y metamorfopsias, así como la frecuencia de los síntomas y se comparó su distribución entre sexos; se comparó la frecuencia de síntomas distintos a la disminución de agudeza visual, entre pacientes con y sin ella.Resultados. Se estudiaron 300 ojos, edad promedio 54.24 ± 15.85 años, 139 mujeres  (46.3 %). 262 ojos presentaron disminución de agudeza visual (87.3 %), 79 escotoma (26.3 %), 48 fotopsias (16.0 %), 54 miodesopsias (18.0 %), 8 eritropsias (2.7 %) y 14 metamorfopsias (4.7 %). Entre los síntomas distintos a la disminución de agudezavisual, los escotomas fueron los más comunes en los hombres; las fotopsias fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres y en ojos sin disminución de la agudeza visual.Conclusión. La detección temprana del desprendimiento de retina requiere conocer y buscar sus síntomas (escotomas en hombres, fotopsias en mujeres) antes de que disminuya la agudeza visual.
Síndrome de ojo seco durante el climaterio en mujeres mexicanas
Authors: Rosales Piñeyro Jenniffer , González Vázquez María Eugenia , López Mendoza Octavio Augusto , Sánchez Sánchez Anabel Socorro
Published: September 2020

Introducción. El síndrome del ojo seco (DES, por sus siglas en inglés) es una enfermedad multifactorial causada por deficiencias en la película lagrimal. Se ha reportado que el DES tiene mayor presencia en la postmenopausia en mujeres latinas.Objetivo. Conocer el porcentaje de casos de DES grado 1 y 2 en mujeres mexicanas durante el climaterio, en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología.Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo autorizado por el departamento de oftalmología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología en expedientes de mujeres de 45 a 55 años de mujeres que presentaron síntomas de DES, a las que se realizaron pruebas de la cantidad y calidad lagrimal y que además fueron evaluadas por biomicroscopía.Resultados. Los resultados se muestran en porcentajes y describen un aumento del DES durante la postmenopausia.Conclusión. La población mexicana en la etapa de la postmenopausia presenta con mayor frecuencia ojo seco. Palabras clave: climaterio, postmenopausia, ojo seco, película lagrimal
Vacunas, adyuvantes y bacteriófagos como vectores vacunales
Authors: Ramíres-Pereda Natividad , Regalado-Santiago Citlalli , Cruz-Sánchez Jacob Jonatan , Rodríguez-Cortes Octavio , Gonzalez Cano Patricia
Published: September 2020

Introducción. A lo largo de la historia se han diseñado vacunas utilizando epítopos definidos, presentes en antígenos utilizados para diseñar la vacuna. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances y logros en el campo de la vacunología, a la fecha no se ha logrado desarrollar vacunas eficientes contra patógenos como el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) debido a su complejidad antigénica. Por otro lado, en las últimas dos décadas se han presentado enfermedades reemergentes como la influenza y enfermedades emergentes como el zika y chikungunya para las cuales no existe una vacuna. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar nuevas vacunas, que sean eficientes, estables, capaces de inducir una respuesta inmune humoral y celular, y que al mismo tiempo funcionen como adyuvantes efectivos para el combate de enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente revisión es resaltar la importancia del uso de técnicas como la secuenciación de nueva generación junto con la vacunología reversa, para la identificación de nuevos epítopos vacunales en tejido infectado y su posterior expresión en vectores vacunales, como los bacteriófagos, para el diseño de vacunas inmunoprotectoras las cuales son baratas y fáciles de producir, seguras y estables, y que además puedan administrarse sin la necesidad de un adyuvante.Metodología. La presente revisión se realizó haciendo una búsqueda sistemática de bibliografía, por cada uno de los temas a abordar, en la base de datos del PubMed.
Imaging the orientation of myelin sheaths in a non-stained histology slide of human brain
Authors: Schulz Georg , Deyhle Hans , Bikis Christos , Bunk Oliver , Müller Bert
Published: September 2020

The human brain is one of the most fascinating and important structures in nature. So far, his-tology has been the gold standard for imaging anatomical features on the sub-cellular level. Us-ing standard optical microscopy spatial resolution is restricted to a fraction of a micron. Recip-rocal-space techniques, including small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), with an inverse relation-ship between a nanostructure’s size and scattering angle, have been used to study animal and human tissues. The myelin sheaths responsible for insulating axons, for example, exhibit a pe-riodicity between 15 and 18 nm. To localize their abundance and orientation, we have performed SAXS measurements with a micrometer-sized beam along a slice of the human brain and related them to the histology of myelin-stained tissue. The experimental results elucidate that, compared to histology, micrometer resolved SAXS provides information about the orientation of myelin, and consequently, axons, in addition to myelin abundance. The acquired data show color-coded orientation maps of the nanostructures, thereby providing a detailed insight into a relevant part of the human brain’s nano-anatomy.
Pediatric Ileocolica Invagination: A Case Report
Authors: Yusuf Sulaiman , Liansyah Tita Menawati
Published: September 2020

Invagination or intussusception is an inversion of intestinal segments into other intestinal segments which is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and children. Early diagnosis and therapy can cause intestinal ischemia, perforation, and peritonitis which can be fatal. Trias classic symptoms consist of abdominal pain, vomiting, and blood in the stool. Invagination often occurs in children under 2 years old, with the highest incidence in children aged 4 - 9 months. The most common cause of invagination is idiopathic. Reportedly a boy, 10 months with a history of mucus with blood, vomiting, flatulence, history of colds cough. Physical examination reveals that the child is aware and active. The abdomen appears distended, palpable mass such as sausages, and intestinal hyperperistaltic. In the rectal toucher, there is mucus and blood on the handscoon. Investigations found anemia and leukocytosis. Stool examination showed blood, erythrocytes 4-6 LPB and leukocytes 8-10 LPB. Radiological examination of the abdomen appears to dilate the intestine (colon) with a coffee bean sign, the impression is in accordance with the picture of invagination. Abdominal ultrasound impression according to the picture of invagination (colo-colica). The patient was diagnosed as ileocolica intussusception and acute diarrhea without dehydration.
Genetic analysis of exotic germplasms of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Sinha Suparna , Thakur Dinesh Singh , Kundu Manoj , Ahmad Feza
Published: September 2020

Twenty exotic pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) germplasms were studied to determine the genetic parameters to understand the usefulness of genotypes in the breeding program. Forty characteristics were measured in fruits, arils, leaves, and flowers, as well as juice characteristics including, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, sugars, anthocyanin, and phenols. Analysis of variance establishes that among all the parameters analyzed, a significant genetic difference was present for yield and yield attribution traits of the studied pomegranate germplasm. All plants were grouped into five clusters among them Green Globe and Hakubotan were most distinct from others. Saharnyi, Orange, Ovadan, Nusai, Kaim-anar, Al-Sirin-Nar, 20090265, Eve and Sogdiana may be used as one of the parent with another parent Green Globe for getting better recombinants by hybridization method. The presence of significant inter-cluster variations revealed that hybridization program could be useful for the development of better plant type by using this pomegranate germplasms. Factor analysis exhibits that fruit weight shown to have the highest different value in the tested pomegranate germplasms so that this trait can be used for the separation and selection of pomegranate germplasms.
Pharmacological investigations of Litsea lancifolia (Roxb.) Hook. F.
Authors: Bulbul Israt Jahan , Haque Mohammad Rashedul , Rashid Mohammad Abdur
Published: September 2020

The petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanolic extract of Litsea lancifolia Roxb. leaves were subjected to different pharmacological screenings to explore its potential as anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, peripheral analgesic, hypoglycemic and CNS depressing agent. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed highest total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity compared to the standard, acetyl salicylic acid. Potential antimicrobial activity was shown against P. aeruginosa (23.50 mm), E. coli (22.33 mm), B. cereus (18 mm) and S. paratyphi (18 mm). The crude extract demonstrated significant peripheral analgesic (p < 0.01) activity with 69.45 and 77.96% inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The crude methanolic extract also showed significant hypoglycemic activity (p < 0.01) at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day on the 7th day of treatment. All the organic soluble fractions exhibited noteworthy (p < 0.001) CNS depressant activity. Taken together, the plant can be considered as a good material for further chemical investigation to isolate the bioactive constituents.
Entomological investigations on sporadic Japanese encephalitis sero-positivity in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Selvakumari J. , Bharathi A. , Manikandan S. , Rajalakshmi S. , Britto R. L. J. De , Samuel P. Philip , Poopathi S.
Published: September 2020

In India, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) continues to be a public health issue in some parts of our country. JE surveillance includes early reporting of clinical cases, sentinel sero-surveys and vector surveillance in the endemic areas. In the present study, JE longitudinal vector surveillance and epidemiological investigations were carried out for the first time during two consecutive years in the endemic district of Tamil Nadu. 22,538 mosquitoes were collected, species identified and screened for JE virus by RT-PCR. Predominant was Culex tritaeniorhynchus (60%) and followed by it Anopheles subpictus (23%), Culex quinquefasciatus (8%) and Culex gelidus (3%). It suggests that Culex tritaeniorhynchus may act as major vector and An. subpictus may act as secondary vector. Monsoon and post-monsoon seasons favour breeding of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus leading to vector abundance. Preferential resting sites for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were pig and cattle shed. Although clinical cases have been reported seasonally in the three blocks, the presence of virus among field caught mosquitoes could not be established by RT-PCR. It may be due to the low titre value of JE virus in mosquitoes. This is the first report of JE investigations in the endemic district of Tamil Nadu and it helps to formulate the effective control strategies for JE virus transmission.
Insecticidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid against sucking pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Authors: Lekha M. , Faizal M. H. , Anitha N.
Published: September 2020

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an important agro waste from cashew nut processing factories, was emulsified in water and assayed for insecticidal activity at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 % against aphid, Aphis craccivora and pod bug, Riptortus pedestris infesting cowpea, Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis under laboratory conditions by topical application. CNSL at various concentrations was found to have insecticidal properties against A. craccivora and R. pedestris wherein the speed of kill and efficacy varied with concentration and test insect. CNSL  @ 0.1 % with mortality ranging from 95.83 to 100 per cent at 48 hours after treatment (HAT) was found effective against A. craccivora whereas a concentration of 0.2% was required against R. pedestris to achieve similar mortality (96.67 to 100 %) at 72 HAT. CNSL derived from two cashew nut processing methods (drum roasting and steam boiling) did not differ significantly in their insecticidal action. At concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 %, mortality produced by CNSL was comparable to that of chemical insecticide, thiamethoxam 0.03% and significantly superior to the widely used botanical neem oil @ 2% against A. craccivora and R. pedestris respectively. R. pedestris that survived exposure to CNSL treatments exhibited developmental abnormalities and formation of nymphal adult intermediary indicating its possible insect growth regulatory effect.
REORIENTASI PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL BERDASARKAN PANCASILA MELALUI PERUBAHAN PASAL 33 UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1945 DENGAN MODEL DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICIES
Authors: Nurahmani Aditya , Rismansyah Mohammad Robi , Suciati Puspita Nur
Published: September 2020

Founding fathers merumuskan sebuah sistem perekonomian Pancasila yang dinilai sesuai dengan jiwa bangsa Indonesia. Sistem perekonomian ini dinilai khas karena keberadaannya dipandang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai masyarakat Indonesia. Namun dalam perkembangannya, sistem perekonomian Pancasila dinilai telah bergeser terutama setelah perubahan UUD NRI 1945 amandemen I-IV yang dinilai telah mengarah kepada sistem perekonomian pasar. Peranan negara semakin tenggelam oleh keberadaan swasta yang dinilai semakin mendominasi dalam perekonomian nasional. Oleh karena itu, perubahan kelima UUD dinilai perlu untuk mengembalikan sistem perekonomian nasional yang sejalan dengan marwah Pancasila. Tak hanya melakukan perubahan kelima, menerapkan Directive Principles of State Policies (DPSP) sebagai haluan pembangunan merupakan solusi yang tepat. Solusi ini sejalan dengan permasalahan dalam UUD NRI 1945 khususnya yang mengatur mengenai sistem perekonomian nasional karena dinilai sering terjadi multitafsir yang berujung kepada disorientasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang memfokuskan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah atau norma dalam hukum positif.
PENGHAPUSAN PASAL PENGGOLONGAN PENDUDUK DAN ATURAN HUKUM DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN UNIFIKASI HUKUM
Authors: Natasha Shela
Published: September 2020

Indonesia merupakan sebuah negara merdeka yang dulu pernah dijajah oleh Belanda dan mewarisi berbagai macam aturan hukum dari negara penjajah. Sesaat setelah merdeka, Indonesia bahkan mengukuhkan dirinya untuk mempergunakan ketentuan hukum Belanda selaku negara penjajah di Indonesia untuk menghindari terjadinya kekosongan hukum melalui ketentuan di Aturan Peralihan UUD 1945. Seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, masyarakat Indonesia semakin berkembang dan hukum yang ada semakin tertinggal. Kondisi masyarakat di Indonesia yang bersifat pluralistik dan majemuk menyebabkan aturan hukum yang khusus terkait dengan Penggolongan Penduduk dan Penggolongan Aturan Hukum yang terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 163 IS dan Pasal 131 IS sudah tidak relevan dengan kondisi bangsa bahkan sejak lama telah bertentangan dengan nilai filosofis persatuan yang ada dalam sila ketiga Pancasila. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan sebuah penelitian dengan sifat deskriptif dan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang menggali data primer berdasarkan bahan hukum sekunder yang bersumber dari literatur hukum, sehingga diketahui bahwa baik secara filosofis, sosiologis, maupun yuridis, pasal penggolongan penduduk perlu dihapuskan. Penghapusan pasal penggolongan penduduk harus diawali dengan dibentuknya sebuah peraturan perundang undangan setingkat undang-undang yang secara tegas menyatakan mencabut atau menghapus pasal-pasal penggolongan penduduk sehingga unifikasi hukum dapat terwujud.
Determination of Optimal level of Foreign Reserves in Nigeria
Authors: Oyeniran Ishola W. , Alamu Solomon A.
Published: September 2020

This study adopts the ’buffer stock model’ advanced by Frenkel and Jovanovic (1981) to estimate the optimal level of foreign reserves for Nigeria. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL) was used to estimate the optimal foreign reserves function. The results show that the Nigeria’s optimal reserves level responses to adjustment cost of holding reserves and exchange rate volatility and that import and opportunity cost of reserves holding have insignificant impact on Nigeria’s optimal foreign reserves. The short run and long run estimates of the buffer stock model support the theory that foreign reserves holding in Nigeria is more sensitive to the precautionary than mercantilist motives of holding reserves. Thus, it is recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should implement effective foreign reserves policies that consider exchange rate volatility, oil price volatility and global macroeconomic imbalances.
THE INTEGRATION OF ISLAMIC VALUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LISTENING COURSE MATERIALS
Authors: Ishlahiyah Mazroatul , Shartika Mira
Published: September 2020

Despite the fact that material development has been widely discussed and reported in the area of English Language Teaching, there is not much empirical evidence available so far that addresses material development in listening, especially in Indonesian context. To fill this gap, the writers examined the result of material development that includes the integration of Islamic values in some units of Nunan’s Listen in 1 book. Employing Dick, Carey, & Carey model of Research and Development design, the article exhibits the integration of Islamic values in the activities of warming up, main, and reflective, and game. The result of the study requires further research on material development, particularly on the creation of further material and audio developments.
Age Features of the Attitude of Students of Special Medical Groups to a Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Shirshova E. , Kovalenko T. , Markelova E. , Grudko L.
Published: September 2020

Strengthening the health of students is a complex scientific and pedagogical problem that includes a wide range of issues from physiological influences in classrooms to the social and psychological aspects of student behavior. Therefore, the study of students’ attitudes towards their health and their behavior, which can affect their health, is necessary for planning physical education in higher educational institutions. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University regularly conducts sociological surveys of students, including students with impaired health. They are the ones who are more susceptible to the influence of possible negative factors than others. Since lifestyle — including physical activity — is the leading factor in ensuring performance, attitudes towards it become the driving force behind the formation of motivation. As a result of studying age-related changes in the attitude of students of special medical groups, we received data on insignificant differences in most indicators. This requires increased attention to the system of relevant measures. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that students with impaired health have a clear idea of a healthy lifestyle, but the lifestyle itself for most of the respondents does not correspond to this idea. Consequently, one of the ways to improve the health of students is the formation of motivation for the implementation of knowledge.
Interference in German Speech of Kyrgyzstan Germans
Authors: Musabaeva R.
Published: September 2020

The article examines the interference change in the speech of the Germans living in the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan, which is observed at the morphological and syntactic levels and represents deviations from the language norm, the transfer of the right from one language to another. Interference at the morphological level is noticeable in the tendence towards the general case/form, in the verb-linking use of irregular forms of the verb, in the loss of the linking, in the loss of the subject pronounced by the pronoun, in the absence of the article, in the non-standard circulation of date names, in the expansion of the grammatical meaning of prepositions. At the syntactic level, interference is manifested in in a violation of the word order in a sentence.
Drawing as a Creative Approach to Researching Extant Garments: A Case Study Involving John Ruskin's Clothing
Authors: Mida Ingrid , Casey Sarah
Published: September 2020

Reading the clues embedded in extant clothing demands both imagination and patience since the subtle marks of wear, use and alteration may only become evident with extended observation and reflection. During the course of a project undertaken in conjunction with the bicentenary celebrations of John Ruskin's birth culminating in the exhibition of Sarah Casey's drawings in Ruskin's Good Looking! (8 February–7 April 2019), the authors studied the garments of John Ruskin at Brantwood, his former home in the Lake District. The life-sized drawings of these garments produced by Casey mapped the absent presence of the former wearer, allowed visitors the opportunity to better see and reflect on Ruskin's clothing, and also revealed the hidden histories of Ruskin's garments. Drawing, the making of marks with meaning, is not an obvious research tool in dress history and curatorial practice but, as this case study shows, can expose subtle details and reveal new insights.
Ortadoğu Politikası Doğrultusunda Türkiye ve Katar İlişkileri: Ekonomik ve Ticari Temaslar
Authors: KAYAOĞLU Bilal
Published: September 2020

Ortadoğu, hem üç dinin doğup gelişti ve dünyaya yayıldığı yer olması hem de yeraltı kaynakları bakımından zengin rezervlere sahip olması bakımından gelişmiş ekonomilerin gözlerinin üzerinde olduğu bir bölgedir. Dünya genelinde açıklanan veriler ışığında bu bölge, enerjinin merkez üssü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu yüzden de bu coğrafyaya sahip olamayan gelişmiş ülkeler, kaynakları sömürme hususunda çok acımasız davranmaktadırlar. Bunu yapamayan bazı ülkeler ise bölge ülkeleriyle ikili ya da çoklu ilişkilerini iyi tutmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Osmanlı’nın hüküm sürdüğü bu topraklarda sonradan kurulan devletlerden ikisinin yani Türkiye ve Katar’ın ilişkilerinin sömürü ve çıkar odaklı olmadığı şimdilik kabul görmektedir. Dünyanın en hareketli coğrafyalarından birinde var olan Ortadoğu’da bulunan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Katar Emirliği’nin ilişkilerinin tarihi süreçleri ve ikili ilişkilerin güncel durumlarının incelendiği bu araştırma da ayrıca iki ülke arasındaki ekonomik ve ticari temasların yanı sıra diplomatik ilişkilerin durumu da incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Pengaruh Metode Thawing Terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Daging Sapi Beku
Authors: Prehatini Dian Ari , Lestari Sri Widya , Triasih Dyah
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui metode thawing yang terbaik dalam proses penyegaran kembali daging beku, ditinjau dari kualitas fisik dan kimia daging sapi beku. Materi yang digunakan adalah daging sapi beku bagian LD (Longissimus dorsi) yang telah disimpan dalam freezer bersuhu -19oC selama lebih dari 12 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah metode thawing P1 (refrigerator 3-5oC), P2 (ruangan terbuka 27oC), P3 (air mengalir 25oC), dan P4 (waterbath 30-40oC). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukan bahwa perbedaan metode thawing berpengaruh (P<0,05) terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimia. Metode thawing yang paling baik karena memberikan pengaruh kerusakan fisik yang paling sedikit adalah metode thawing dengan udara ruang karena mempunyai keempukan yang paling empuk dibandingkan metode thawing lainnya. Sedangkan metode thawing yang paling baik karena pemberikan pengaruh kerusakan kimia paling sedikit adalah metode thawing dengan udara dingin karena dapat mempertahankan kadar protein dalam daging dan memiliki kadar air yang rendah.Kata kunci: daging beku, kualitas fisik, kualitas kimia, suhu, thawingABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the best thawing method in the process of refreshing frozen meat, in terms of the physical and chemical quality of frozen beef. The material used is LD frozen beef (Longissimus dorsi) which has been stored in a freezer temperature of -19oC for more than 12 months. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments given are the thawing method P1 (3-5oC refrigerator), P2 (27oC open space), P3 (25oC running water), and P4 (30-40oC water bath). The results of statistical analysis showed that the difference in the thawing method affected (P<0.05) on physical and chemical quality. The best thawing method because it provides the least physical damage effect is the thawing method with room air because it has the softest tenderness compared to other thawing methods. While the best thawing method is because the least effect of chemical damage is the cold air thawing method because it can maintain the protein content in meat and has a low water content.Keywords: frozen meat, chemical quality, physical quality, temperature, thawing
Keragaman Sifat Kualitatif pada Sapi Silangan PO dan Belgian Blue Menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama
Authors: Jakaria Jakaria , Zulkipli Fuadi , Edwar Edwar , Ulum Mokhamad Fakhrul , Priyanto Rudy
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of qualitative traits in PO, Belgian Blue and PO-Belgian Blue crosses using principal component analysis. The total samples of cattle used were 36 consisting of 8 heads Belgian Blue (4 males and 4 females), 17 heads Belgian PO-Belgian cross-breed (11 males and 6 females) and 11 PO heads (all females)). The diversity of qualitative traits observed were 17 characteristics namely plain body-color (WTP), combination body-color (WTK), horned (MT), humped (MP), sagging (MG), black tail tip color (WUEH), white tail tip color (WUEH), black eyelash color (WBMH), white eyelash color (WBMP), circle hair head (PRK), circle hair back (PRP), circle hair bracket (PRB), black nail color (WKH), nail color white (WKP), double muscle (PG), black muzzle (WMH) and white muzzle (WMP). Qualitative data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the proportion value, while the determinant variables of each breed were analyzed using the principal component analysis method (AKU) with the Minitab version 7 program. The results showed that the characteristics of qualitative traits in PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Belgian Blue cross-breed cattle have a high diversity. PO and Belgian Blue cattle breeds can be clearly distinguished based on the characteristics of qualitative traits, whereas PO-Belgian Blue crossbred cattle have clusters that are close to PO cattle clusters. Found character traits for each cattle breed in both PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Belgian Blue cross-breed. There are three characteristics of qualitative traits possessed in each cow nation, namely the variable circle hair head (PRK), circle hair back (PRP) and horned characters (MT). Based on the results obtained that the qualitative traits in cattle can be used as a distinguishing character between PO, Belgian Blue, and PO-Blue Belgian cross cattle breeds.
FAKTOR PENYEBAB ANAK PUTUS SEKOLAH
Authors: Hakim Abdul
Published: September 2020

To improve the quality of human resources, the development of the education sector is very important.. Therefore, the Indonesian government has established a 12-year compulsory education program to create quality human resources. However, education participation at the secondary level needs to be increased, and the dropout rate needs to be controlled. This study uses secondary data from the March 2019 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) to identify variables that affect the dropout rate for students ages 7 to 18 years in Aceh. In addition, the purpose of this study is to determine the probability of school dropouts by certain characteristics. The analysis used is logistic regression, which is a method that explains the relationship between the dichotomous response variable and a set of categorical explanatory variables. The result shows that the six variables selected were able to explain the variation of dropouts with a significance level of 5 percent. These variables are the education of household head, Kartu Indonesia Pintar/Program Indonesia Pintar (KIP/PIP) ownership, household size, working children, poverty, and urban-rural classification. The most dominant independent variable is ownership of KIP/PIP.

Pembangunan di bidang pendidikan merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalamm eningkatkan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah menetapkan program wajib belajar 12 tahun agar tercipta SDM yang berkualitas. Namun, partisipasi sekolah pada tingkat sekolah menengah perlu ditingkatkan agar angka putus sekolah dapat ditekan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Provinsi Aceh menggunakan data Susenas Maret 2019 dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi variabel yang mempengaruhi angka putus sekolah pada usia 7–18 tahun. Selain itu, dapat juga untuk mengetahui probabilitas anak putus sekolah dengan karakteristik tertentu. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik, yaitu suatu metode yang menerangkan hubungan antara variabel respon dikotomi dan satu set variabel penjelas katagori. Enam variabel yang dipilih mampu menjelaskan variasi anak putus sekolah dengan tingkat signifikan 5%. Variabel tersebut adalah pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, kepemilikan KIP/PIP, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, anak yang bekerja, kemiskinan, dan daerah tempat tinggal. Variabel yang paling dominan adalah kepemilikan KIP/PIP.
APERSEPSI PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI STAND-UP COMEDY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA DENGAN METODE CERAMAH DI STKIP PGRI PONOROGO
Authors: Nugroho Rizki Mustikasari , Harida Ratri
Published: September 2020

This study was an experimental study with two sample groups to examine the use of stand-up comedy in learning aperceptions to increase student’s learning motivation using lecture method. The lecture method is the most widely used by lecturers to deliver the material, but this method often makes students bored and less motivated in learning. Students’ learning motivation must be built since the beginning of the class using aperceptions. Some researchers suggest that jokes and funny stories can increase students' motivation to learn. Stand-up comedy is humor performed by a monologue performer. This humor is favored by young people including students. This experimental study involved 40 students in two groups; control and experiment. The finding showed that learning aperception through stand-up comedy model in lecture method can significantly improved students’ learning motivation.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan dua kelompok sampel yang menguji penggunaan stand-up comedy dalam apersepsi pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa dengan metode ceramah. Metode pembelajaran ceramah adalah metode yang paling banyak digunakan oleh dosen untuk menyampaikan materi perkuliahan, tetapi metode ini seringkali membuat mahasiswa menjadi jenuh dan kurang termotivasi dalam belajar. Motivasi belajar mahasiswa harus dibangun sejak dosen melakukan apersepsi di kelas. Beberapa peneliti mengemukakan bahwa joke dan cerita lucu dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik. Stand-up comedy adalah bentuk humor oleh satu orang penampil menggunakan monolog. Humor gaya ini saat ini sedang banyak diminati oleh kaum muda termasuk mahasiswa. Penelitian dalam bentuk eksperimen ini melibatkan 40 mahasiswa dalam 2 kelompok, kontrol dan eksperimen. menggunakan model stand-up comedy untuk menyampaikan pesan pembelajaran di dalam kela Temuan menunjukkan bahwa apersepsi pembelajaran melalui stand-up comedy dalam metode ceramah secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar mahasiswa.
A Jacobi–Davidson Method for Large Scale Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Teng Zhongming , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: September 2020

In the large scale canonical correlation analysis arising from multi-view learning applications, one needs to compute canonical weight vectors corresponding to a few of largest canonical correlations. For such a task, we propose a Jacobi–Davidson type algorithm to calculate canonical weight vectors by transforming it into the so-called canonical correlation generalized eigenvalue problem. Convergence results are established and reveal the accuracy of the approximate canonical weight vectors. Numerical examples are presented to support the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Emerging Scientific Field Detection Using Citation Networks and Topic Models—A Case Study of the Nanocarbon Field
Authors: Sasaki Hajime , Fugetsu Bunshi , Sakata Ichiro
Published: September 2020

In fields with high science linkage, such as the nanocarbon field, trends in academic papers are particularly important for identifying future technological trends. The use of the number of citations allows us to predict the qualitative trends on a paper-by-paper basis. At the same time, it is necessary to be able to comprehensively discuss both qualitative and quantitative aspects in the subject area. This study aimed to detect emerging areas in the nanocarbon field using network models and topic models. It was possible to not only construct a model that exceeded an 86.2% F1 measure but also to focus on an area that could not be detected by the prediction model. This was accomplished by focusing on paper units, such as the research on the chemical synthesis of zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes. Thus, it is possible to obtain knowledge that contributes to diversified R&D strategies and innovation policies by considering the emergence of new fields from multiple perspectives.
Emerging Nanopharmaceuticals and Nanonutraceuticals in Cancer Management
Authors: Salama Lavinia , Pastor Elizabeth , Stone Tyler , Mousa Shaker
Published: September 2020

Nanotechnology is the science of nanoscale, which is the scale of nanometers or one billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology encompasses a broad range of technologies, materials, and manufacturing processes that are used to design and/or enhance many products, including medicinal products. This technology has achieved considerable progress in the oncology field in recent years. Most chemotherapeutic agents are not specific to the cancer cells they are intended to treat, and they can harm healthy cells, leading to numerous adverse effects. Due to this non-specific targeting, it is not feasible to administer high doses that may harm healthy cells. Moreover, low doses can cause cancer cells to acquire resistance, thus making them hard to kill. A solution that could potentially enhance drug targeting and delivery lies in understanding the complexity of nanotechnology. Engineering pharmaceutical and natural products into nano-products can enhance the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Novel nano-formulations such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, quantum dots, nano-suspensions, and gold nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the delivery of drugs. Improved delivery of chemotherapeutic agents targets cancer cells rather than healthy cells, thereby preventing undesirable side effects and decreasing chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Nanotechnology has also revolutionized cancer diagnosis by using nanotechnology-based imaging contrast agents that can specifically target and therefore enhance tumor detection. In addition to the delivery of drugs, nanotechnology can be used to deliver nutraceuticals like phytochemicals that have multiple properties, such as antioxidant activity, that protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of cancer. There have been multiple advancements and implications for the use of nanotechnology to enhance the delivery of both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Inhibition of Caspases Improves Non-Viral T Cell Receptor Editing
Authors: Wang Chunxi , Chang Chun-Chi , Wang Liangli , Yuan Fan
Published: September 2020

T cell receptor (TCR) knockout is a critical step in producing universal chimeric antigen receptor T cells for cancer immunotherapy. A promising approach to achieving the knockout is to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 system into cells using electrotransfer technology. However, clinical applications of the technology are currently limited by the low cell viability. In this study, we attempt to solve the problem by screening small molecule drugs with an immortalized human T cell line, Jurkat clone E6-1, for inhibition of apoptosis. The study identifies a few caspase inhibitors that could be used to simultaneously enhance the cell viability and the efficiency of plasmid DNA electrotransfer. Additionally, we show that the enhancement could be achieved through knockdown of caspase 3 expression in siRNA treated cells, suggesting that the cell death in electrotransfer experiments was caused mainly by caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Finally, we investigated if the caspase inhibitors could improve TCR gene-editing with electrotransferred ribonucleoprotein, a complex of Cas9 protein and a T cell receptor-α constant (TRAC)-targeting single guide RNA (sgRNA). Our data showed that inhibition of caspases post electrotransfer could significantly increase cell viability without compromising the TCR disruption efficiency. These new findings can be used to improve non-viral T cell engineering.
Comprehensive Analysis of MEN1 Mutations and Their Role in Cancer
Authors: Nelakurti Devi D. , Pappula Amrit L. , Rajasekaran Swetha , Miles Wayne O. , Petreaca Ruben C.
Published: September 2020

MENIN is a scaffold protein encoded by the MEN1 gene that functions in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, gene expression, and DNA damage repair. MEN1 is a tumor suppressor gene, and mutations that disrupts MEN1 function are common to many tumor types. Mutations within MEN1 may also be inherited (germline). Many of these inherited mutations are associated with a number of pathogenic syndromes of the parathyroid and pancreas, and some also predispose patients to hyperplasia. In this study, we cataloged the reported germline mutations from the ClinVar database and compared them with the somatic mutations detected in cancers from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. We then used statistical software to determine the probability of mutations being pathogenic or driver. Our data show that many confirmed germline mutations do not appear in tumor samples. Thus, most mutations that disable MEN1 function in tumors are somatic in nature. Furthermore, of the germline mutations that do appear in tumors, only a fraction has the potential to be pathogenic or driver mutations.
Exploratory Pilot Study of Circulating Biomarkers in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zizzari Ilaria Grazia , Napoletano Chiara , Di Filippo Alessandra , Botticelli Andrea , Gelibter Alain , Calabrò Fabio , Rossi Ernesto , Schinzari Giovanni , Urbano Federica , Pomati Giulia , Scagnoli Simone , Rughetti Aurelia , Caponnetto Salvatore , Marchetti Paolo , Nuti Marianna
Published: September 2020

With the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and next-generation vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR–TKIs), the survival of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved remarkably. However, not all patients have benefited from treatments, and to date, there are still no validated biomarkers that can be included in the therapeutic algorithm. Thus, the identification of predictive biomarkers is necessary to increase the number of responsive patients and to understand the underlying immunity. The clinical outcome of RCC patients is, in fact, associated with immune response. In this exploratory pilot study, we assessed the immune effect of TKI therapy in order to evaluate the immune status of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients so that we could define a combination of immunological biomarkers relevant to improving patient outcomes. We profiled the circulating levels in 20 mRCC patients of exhausted/activated/regulatory T cell subsets through flow cytometry and of 14 immune checkpoint-related proteins and 20 inflammation cytokines/chemokines using multiplex Luminex assay, both at baseline and during TKI therapy. We identified the CD3+CD8+CD137+ and CD3+CD137+PD1+ T cell populations, as well as seven soluble immune molecules (i.e., IFNγ, sPDL2, sHVEM, sPD1, sGITR, sPDL1, and sCTLA4) associated with the clinical responses of mRCC patients, either modulated by TKI therapy or not. These results suggest an immunological profile of mRCC patients, which will help to improve clinical decision-making for RCC patients in terms of the best combination of strategies, as well as the optimal timing and therapeutic sequence.
Experimental Methods for Measuring the Breakup Frequency in Turbulent Emulsification: A Critical Review
Authors: Håkansson Andreas
Published: September 2020

The growing interest in using population balance modeling to describe emulsification processes has spurred an interest in experimentally measuring the breakup frequency. This contribution classifies, compares, and critically reviews the different methods that have been suggested for measuring the breakup frequency, applicable to emulsification devices. Two major approaches can be seen in previous studies. The first is ‘single drop breakup experiment’-based studies, which estimate the breakup frequency by observing the fate of individual drops. The second approach involves ‘emulsification experiment’-based studies, which combine measured drop-size distributions with assumptions to allow for estimations of the breakup frequency. This second approach can be further subdivided in three types: Parametric determination, inverse self-similarity-based methods, and direct back-calculation methods. Each of these methods are reviewed in terms of their implementation, reliability, and validity. Suggestions of methodological considerations for future studies are given for each class, together with more general suggestions for further investigations. The overall objective is to provide emulsification researchers with background information when choosing which method to use for measuring the breakup frequency and with support when setting up experiments and data evaluation procedures.
When Stereochemistry Raised Its Ugly Head in Coordination Chemistry—An Appreciation of Howard Flack
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: September 2020

Chiral compounds have played an important role in the development of coordination chemistry. Unlike organic chemistry, where mechanistic rules allowed the establishment of absolute configurations for numerous compounds once a single absolute determination had been made, coordination compounds are more complex. This article discusses the development of crystallographic methods and the interplay with coordination chemistry. Most importantly, the development of the Flack parameter is identified as providing a routine method for determining the absolute configuration of coordination compounds.