bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-spatial resolution epidemic surveillance of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt in Burkina Faso
Authors: Woringer Maxime , Porgho Souleymane , Fermanian Christophe , Martiny Nadège , Bar-Hen Avner , Mueller Judith E.
Published: November 2022

Despite improved surveillance capacities and WHO recommendations for subdistrict analysis, routine epidemic surveillance of acute bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt remains largely limited to the district level. We evaluated the appropriateness and performance of analyses at higher spatial resolution. We used suspected meningitis surveillance data at health centre (HC) resolution from Burkina Faso from 14 health districts spanning years 2004–2014 and analysed them using spatio-temporal statistics and generative models. An operational analysis compared epidemic signals at district and HC-level using weekly incidence thresholds. Eighty-four percent (N = 98/116) of epidemic clusters spanned only one HC-week. Spatial propagation of epidemic clusters was mostly limited to 10–30 km. During the 2004–2009 (with serogroup A meningitis) and 2010–2014 (after serogroup A elimination) period, using weekly HC-level incidence thresholds of 100 and 50 per 100,000 respectively, we found a gain in epidemic detection and timeliness in 9 (41% of total) and 10 (67%), respectively, district years with at least one HC signal. Individual meningitis epidemics expanded little in space, suggesting that a health centre level analysis is most appropriate for epidemic surveillance. Epidemic surveillance could gain in precision and timeliness by higher spatial resolution. The optimal threshold should be defined depending on the current background incidence of bacterial meningitis.
Evolution of cross-tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster as a result of increased resistance to cold stress
Authors: Singh Karan , Arun Samant Manas , Prasad Nagaraj Guru
Published: November 2022

Cold stress is a critical environmental challenge that affects an organism's fitness-related traits. In Drosophila, increased resistance to specific environmental stress may lead to increased resistance to other kinds of stress. In the present study, we aimed to understand whether increased cold stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster can facilitate their ability to tolerate other environmental stresses. For the current study, we used successfully selected replicate populations of D. melanogaster against cold shock and their control population. These selected populations have evolved several reproductive traits, including increased egg viability, mating frequency, male mating ability, ability to sire progenies, and faster recovery for mating latency under cold shock conditions. In the present work, we investigated egg viability and mating frequency with and without heat and cold shock conditions in the selected and their control populations. We also examined resistance to cold shock, heat shock, desiccation, starvation, and survival post-challenge with Staphylococcus succinus subsp. succinus PK-1 in the selected and their control populations. After cold-shock treatment, we found a 1.25 times increase in egg viability and a 1.57 times increase in mating frequency in the selected populations compared to control populations. Moreover, more males (0.87 times) and females (1.66 times) of the selected populations survived under cold shock conditions relative to their controls. After being subjected to heat shock, the selected population’s egg viability and mating frequency increased by 0.30 times and 0.57 times, respectively, compared to control populations. Additionally, more selected males (0.31 times) and females (0.98 times) survived under heat shock conditions compared to the control populations. Desiccation resistance slightly increased in the females of the selected populations relative to their control, but we observed no change in the case of males. Starvation resistance decreased in males and females of the selected populations compared to their controls. Our findings suggest that the increased resistance to cold shock correlates with increased tolerance to heat stress, but this evolved resistance comes at a cost, with decreased tolerance to starvation.
Numerical simulation and parameter optimization of earth auger in hilly area using EDEM software
Authors: Wang Guofu , Zhang Wei , Ji Min , Miao Hu , Jin Zheng
Published: November 2022

Digging in hilly regions is an important measure to promote afforestation on difficult sites. In view of the working conditions to build fish-scale pit on slope, the auger mechanism of soil lifting and throwing was investigated in this study. This study utilized EDEM software to establish the operation model of the earth auger and conduct DEM (Discrete Element Method) virtual simulation experiments. A quadratic rotating orthogonal center combination test was implemented by setting the efficiency of conveying-soil (Y1) and the distance of throwing-soil (Y2) as the evaluation indices. Variance analysis and response surface optimization were performed on the virtual experimental data. The results indicated that the weight of the factors affecting the Y1 and Y2, were feeding speed > helix angle > rotating speed > slope angle, and slope auger > rotating speed > feeding speed > helix angle. The optimal parameter combination of each influencing factor was obtained. Among them, when the slope preparation was required, the optimal operating parameter combination of the auger was: Slope of 26.467°, Helix angle of 21.567°, Feeding speed of 0.1 m/s, Rotating speed of 67.408 r/min. This research provides theoretical references for the design optimization of the earth auger in hilly regions.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Magnetic triazine-based dendrimer as a versatile nanocarrier for efficient antiviral drugs delivery
Authors: Ahangarani-Farahani Rezvan , Bodaghifard Mohammad Ali , Asadbegi Sajad
Published: November 2022

Nanoscale engineering is an efficient method for the treatment of multiple infectious diseases. Due to the controllable functionalities, surface properties, and internal cavities, dendrimer-based nanoparticles represent high performance in drug delivery, making their application attractive in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. In this study, a dendritic nanostructure (Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3) was designed and fabricated by grafting a triazine-based dendrimer on a magnetic nanomaterial. The structure of synthesized hybrid nanostructure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, elemental mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The prepared nanostructure (Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3) combines the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles and a hyperbranched dendrimer for biomedical applications. Its dual nature and highly exposed active sites, could make the transportation of drugs to targeted sites of interest through the magnetic field. A study was conducted on model drugs loading (Favipiravir and Zidovudine) and in vitro release behaviour of Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3, which was monitored by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The dendritic nanostructure exhibited high drug-loading capacity for Favipiravir (63.2%) and Zidovudine (76.5%). About (90.8% and 80.2%) and (95.5% and 83.4%) of loaded Favipiravir and Zidovudine were released from Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3 at pH 1.5 and 6.8 respectively, within 600 min and at 37 °C. The initial fast release attributed to the drug molecules on the surface of nanostructure while the drugs incorporated deeply into the pores of the Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3 released with a delay. We proposed that Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3 could be tested as an effective carrier in the targeted (cellular or tissue) delivery of drugs. We think that the prepared nanostructure will not deposit in the liver and lungs due to the small size of the nanoparticles.
A modeling framework for determining modulation of neural-level tuning from non-invasive human fMRI data
Authors: Sadil Patrick , Cowell Rosemary A. , Huber David E.
Published: November 2022

Many neuroscience theories assume that tuning modulation of individual neurons underlies changes in human cognition. However, non-invasive fMRI lacks sufficient resolution to visualize this modulation. To address this limitation, we developed an analysis framework called Inferring Neural Tuning Modulation (INTM) for “peering inside” voxels. Precise specification of neural tuning from the BOLD signal is not possible. Instead, INTM compares theoretical alternatives for the form of neural tuning modulation that might underlie changes in BOLD across experimental conditions. The most likely form is identified via formal model comparison, with assumed parametric Normal tuning functions, followed by a non-parametric check of conclusions. We validated the framework by successfully identifying a well-established form of modulation: visual contrast-induced multiplicative gain for orientation tuned neurons. INTM can be applied to any experimental paradigm testing several points along a continuous feature dimension (e.g., direction of motion, isoluminant hue) across two conditions (e.g., with/without attention, before/after learning).
Anti-tumor effects of P-LPK-CPT, a peptide-camptothecin conjugate, in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hou Lidan , Hou Yichao , Liang Yu , Chen Baiyu , Zhang Xintian , Wang Yu , Zhou Kun , Zhong Ting , Long Bohan , Pang Wenjing , Wang Lei , Han Xu , Li Linjing , Xu Ci , Gross Isabelle , Gaiddon Christian , Fu Wei , Yao Han , Meng Xiangjun
Published: November 2022

To explore highly selective targeting molecules of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenge. We previously identified a twelve-amino acid peptide (LPKTVSSDMSLN, namely P-LPK) by phage display technique which may specifically binds to CRC cells. Here we show that P-LPK selectively bind to a panel of human CRC cell lines and CRC tissues. In vivo, Gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled P-LPK exhibits selective accumulation at tumor sites. Then, we designed a peptide-conjugated drug comprising P-LPK and camptothecin (CPT) (namely P-LPK-CPT), and found P-LPK-CPT significantly inhibits tumor growth with fewer side effects in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, through co-immunoprecipitation and molecular docking experiment, the glutamine transporter solute carrier 1 family member 5 (SLC1A5) was identified as the possible target of P-LPK. The binding ability of P-LPK and SLC1A5 is verified by surface plasmon resonance and immunofluorescence. Taken together, P-LPK-CPT is highly effective for CRC and deserves further development as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic for CRC, especially SLC1A5-high expression type.
Effects of Nanoplastics on Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Maszczyk P. , Pijanowska J. , Mrówka P. , Babkiewicz E.
Published: November 2022

Nanoplastics (NPs) pollution is an issue of special concern due to their presence in the environment and unique features, especially those related to their size, which include: (i) colloidal properties, (ii) the ability to penetrate cell membranes and cumulate in organisms, (iii) high surface area to volume ratio resulting in high ability to absorb and release chemicals, and (iv) their tendency to aggregate. These characteristics as well as their environmental fate, effects on biota, different methods of sampling and the need to use sophisticated analytical techniques lead to separation of the studies on nano- and microplastics. Although numerous studies have indicated adverse effects of NPs, a proper environmental risk assessment is impossible as we still do not have precise data on the concentration of NPs in natural environments due to imperfect detection methods. This chapter offers a comprehensive survey of the influence of NPs on aquatic biota. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous state-of-the-art papers included observations of the effects of NPs on aquatic organisms at all levels of biological organization. Therefore we aim to fill this gap, reviewing the content of nearly 200 articles on the effects of NPs on aquatic life, from the molecular to ecosystem level.
Hyperpolarisation techniques
Authors: Wilcock Alexander T. M. , Mewis Ryan E.
Published: November 2022

This chapter focuses on the literature published, or accepted for publication, in 2021, covering hyperpolarisation techniques associated with NMR. The literature reviewed relates to the hyperpolarisation techniques of dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP), spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP) and signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). In addition to reviewing studies that have been conducted using these techniques, a number of reports are discussed that relate to advances in associated hardware and instrumentation.
A study of macrophage mechanical properties and functional modulation based on the Young's modulus of PLGA-PEG fibers
Authors: Zhang Bokai , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Zhou Guoqiao , Yu Haoyang
Published: November 2022

Modulation of macrophage mechanics and function by controlling the Young's modulus of PLGA-PEG fibers.
Single-component lipid nanoparticles for engineering SOCS1 gene-silenced dendritic cells to boost tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Zexuan , Wu Mengtong , Huang Yingshuang , Wang Yishu , Chen Yijun , Long Qiulin , Lin Ziming , Xue Lingjing , Ju Caoyun , Zhang Can
Published: November 2022

Single-component lipid nanoparticles are designed and prepared for delivery of SOCS1 siRNA to primary DCs, which can be further pulsed with Ova-antigen to fabricate a SOCS1-downregulated DC vaccine with the potential to boost antitumor immunotherapy.
Moderating the interaction among Pd, CeO2, and Al2O3 for improved three-way catalysts
Authors: Zhao Han , Bian Longchun , Du Junchen , Zhao Yunkun
Published: November 2022

Less severe penetration of Pd–Ce into Al2O3 and moderated Pd doping into CeO2 led to an enhanced three-way catalytic activity.
Flux-assisted synthesis of bismuth nanoparticle decorated carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disrupting compound
Authors: Zheng Bin , Cui Wu , He Fengting , Zhang Yang , Wang Shuling , Lu Yangming , Zhao Chaocheng , Zhang Jinqiang , Duan Xiaoguang , Sun Hongqi , Wang Shuaijun
Published: November 2022

Highly dispersed Bi would be served as cocatalysts to improve the separation of electron–hole carriers on the carbon nitride surface and provide more active sites for the photodegradation reaction of endocrine disrupting compound.
N-heterocyclic carbene and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene complexes of molybdenum(iv) and tungsten(iv)
Authors: Luz Christian , Glok Eduard , Horrer Günther , Radius Udo
Published: November 2022

The synthesis, characterization, and molecular structures of NHC and cAACMestabilized Mo(iv) and W(iv) complexes are presented.
Photodegradation of polyolefin thin films in simulated freshwater conditions
Authors: Mundhenke Thomas F. , Li Sonia C. , Maurer-Jones Melissa A.
Published: November 2022

Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are commonly used polyolefins, which have resulted in their accumulation in the environment, and can photodegrade in freshwater systems.
Nanobiopesticides in sustainable agriculture: developments, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Pan Xiaohong , Guo Xueping , Zhai Tianyun , Zhang Dingyang , Rao Wenhua , Cao Fang , Guan Xiong
Published: November 2022

Applications of nanotechnology in biopesticides could achieve controlled release, increase the solubility, and exhibit location targeting and strong compatibility.
Synthesis of gypsum fertilizer from waste eggshells for a sustainable environment
Authors: Sahadat Hossain Md. , Shaikh Md. Aftab Ali , Ahmed Samina
Published: November 2022

Gypsum has been synthesized from eggshell by employing three different routes. The observed results revealed that waste eggshell is a potential source of valuable inorganic fertilizer which was confirmed by the XRD, FT-IR, and SEM data.
Conjugated polymer blends for faster organic mixed conductors
Authors: Barker Micah , Nicolini Tommaso , Yaman Yasmina Al , Thuau Damien , Siscan Olga , Ramachandran Sasikumar , Cloutet Eric , Brochon Cyril , Richter Lee J. , Dautel Olivier J. , Hadziioannou Georges , Stingelin Natalie
Published: November 2022

A model mixed-conducting polymer, blended with an amphiphilic block-copolymer, is shown to yield systems with drastically enhanced electro-chemical doping kinetics, leading to faster electrochemical transistors with a high transduction.
Design and synthesis of a tetracyclic tripeptide mimetic frozen in a polyproline type II (PP2) helix conformation
Authors: Klein Marco T. , Krause Bernhard M. , Neudörfl Jörg-Martin , Kühne Ronald , Schmalz Hans-Günther
Published: November 2022

The geometrically defined XPP tripeptide analogue ProM-19 was stereoselectively synthesized and converted into a potential EVH1 ligand by peptide synthesis.
Ruthenium-catalysed α-prenylation of ketones using prenol
Authors: Sankar Raman Vijaya , Manikpuri Deepsagar , Gunanathan Chidambaram
Published: November 2022

Ruthenium-catalyzed direct prenylation of both cyclic and acyclic ketones using prenol is attained with water as the only byproduct.
Divergent synthesis of 5- and 4-(2,1-azaborine) substituted isoxazoles via regioselective [3 + 2] cycloadditions of nitrile oxides and B-ethynyl-1,2-azaborines
Authors: He Yong , Wang Hao , Zhou Yao , Yang Kai , Song Qiuling
Published: November 2022

A new class of terminal alkyne reagents was developed and applied to the divergent synthesis of 5- and 4-(2,1-azaborine) substituted isoxazoles with excellent regioselectivities.
Insights into the mechanism and selectivity of the Rh(i)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction of benzylallene-alkynes involving C–H bond activation
Authors: Ren Ying , Yang Tilong , Lin Zhenyang
Published: November 2022

The detailed reaction mechanisms of rhodium-catalyzed cycloisomerization of benzylallene-terminal alkynes involving Csp2−H bond activation on the benzyl phenyl ring have been investigated with the aid of density functional theory calculations.
Asymmetric organocatalytic (3 + 2) annulation of propargylic alcohols with indolylnaphthalenols: synergistic construction of axial and central chirality
Authors: Xia Yan , Liu Meiwen , Qian Chenxiao , Li Pengfei , Dong Mingxin , Li Wenjun
Published: November 2022

Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of chiral spiroN,N-acetal carbon stereocenters and axially chiral 3-arylindoles has been achieved in one pot.
Co-encapsulation of paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil in folic acid-modified, lipid-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for synergistic breast cancer treatment
Authors: Yin Huanli , Yan Qi , Liu Yuan , Yang Lan , Liu Yang , Luo Yujie , Chen Tianyu , Li Ningxi , Wu Min
Published: November 2022

A dual-drug loaded nanosystem with tumor targeting, tumor microenvironment responsive drug release and synergistic antitumor effect was constructed.
Preparation of magnetic urchin-like NiCo2O4 powders by hydrothermal synthesis for catalytic oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Yuan Qinlin , Wu Fengmin , Xu Hang , Wang Xiaowei , Luo Jie , Song Yakun , Guo Yafei , Wei Xuefeng
Published: November 2022

The bundle-like NiCo2O4 powder was synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature calcination method and, as catalyst, NiCo2O4 powder was utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate for removing dibenzothiophene from fuel oil.
Sustainable synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots and their catalytic application for the assessment of α,β-unsaturated compounds
Authors: Saini Surendra , Kumar Krishan , Saini Pratibha , Mahawar Dinesh Kumar , Rathore Kuldeep S. , Kumar Sanjay , Dandia Anshu , Parewa Vijay
Published: November 2022

Boosting the catalytic activity of carbon quantum dots for the assessment of α,β-unsaturated compounds by microwave irradiation.
Low-cost, automated reaction screening for energetic precursor cage compounds by a benchtop liquid handling robot and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Brown Hilary M. , Fedick Patrick W.
Published: November 2022

This study reports a low-cost, open source, and commercial-off-the-shelf automated pipetting robot coupled with a homebuilt desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometer for the screening of energetic precursor cage compounds.
Facilitated dynamics of an active polymer in 2D crowded environments with obstacles
Authors: Wu Song , Li Jia-Xiang , Lei Qun-Li
Published: November 2022

Active polymers diffuse more rapidly in crowded environments than in free space because of the swollen of conformation.
Facilitating reversible transition metal migration and expediting ion diffusivity via oxygen vacancies for high performance O3-type sodium layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Lin Chenhan , Meng Xiangcong , Liang Min , Li Wenya , Liang Jinji , Liu Tengfei , Ke Xi , Liu Jun , Shi Zhicong , Liu Liying
Published: November 2022

The in situ introduced oxygen vacancies deliver dual functionality for realizing the high-voltage operation of NaCrO2–x (charged up to 3.8 V) by facilitating reversible TM migration and improving the rate capability by expediting ion diffusivity.
Theoretical exploration of molecular packing and the charge transfer mechanism of organic solar cells based on PM6:Y6
Authors: Xiang Chongchen , Zhao Qiming , Liu Wanqiang , Cao Jiamin , Zou Yingping , Zhou Hu
Published: November 2022

The morphology of PM6:Y6 films (a) and the electronic structure information of D–A dimers (b) were obtained by AIMD and DFT. The low interfacial energy offset, lowEband high charge transfer rates are the key factors for PM6:Y6 to possess high PCE.
Surface plasmon resonance of Au/Ag metals for the photoluminescence enhancement of lanthanide ion Ln3+ doped upconversion nanoparticles in bioimaging
Authors: Peng Hao , Li Shunxiang , Xing Jie , Yang Fang , Wu Aiguo
Published: November 2022

The synthesized strategies of Au/Ag@UNCPs nanocomposites and relevant properties which endow the designed nanoparticles edges in the biological diagnosis.
A self‐stabilised walking gait for humanoid robots based on the essential model with internal states
Authors: Luo Qiuyue , Chevallereau Christine , Ou Yongsheng , Pang Jianxin , De‐León‐Gómez Victor , Aoustin Yannick
Published: November 2022

Walking stability is one of the key issues for humanoid robots. A self‐stabilised walking gait for a full dynamic model of humanoid robots is proposed. For simplified models, that is, the linear inverted pendulum model and variable‐length inverted pendulum model, self‐stabilisation of walking gait can be obtained if virtual constraints are properly defined. This result is extended to the full dynamic model of humanoid robots by using an essential dynamic model, which is developed based on the zero dynamics concept. With the proposed method, a robust stable walking for a humanoid robot is achieved by adjusting the step timing and landing position of the swing foot automatically, following its intrinsic dynamic characteristics. This exempts the robot from the time‐consuming high‐level control approaches, especially when a full dynamic model is applied. How different walking patterns/features (i.e., the swing foot motion, the vertical centre of mass motion, the switching manifold configuration, etc.) affect the stability of the walking gait is analysed. Simulations are conducted on robots Romeo and TALOS to support the results.
The multichord stellar occultation by the centaur Bienor on January 11, 2019
Authors: Fernández-Valenzuela E. , Morales N. , Vara-Lubiano M. , Ortiz J. L. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Sicardy B. , Kretlow M. , Santos-Sanz P. , Morgado B. , Souami D. , Organero F. , Ana L. , Fonseca F. , Román A. , Alonso S. , Gonçalves R. , Ferreira M. , Iglesias-Marzoa R. , Lamadrid J. L. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Assafin M. , Braga-Ribas F. , Camargo J. I. B. , Colas F. , Desmars J. , Duffard R. , Lecacheux J. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Rommel F. L. , Vieira-Martins R. , Pereira C. L. , Casanova V. , Selva A. , Perelló C. , Mottola S. , Hellmich S. , Maestre J. L. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Pal A. , Trigo-Rodriguez J. M. , Beisker W. , Laporta A. , Garcés M. , Escaned L. , Bretton M.
Published: November 2022

Within our program of physical characterization of trans-Neptunian objects and centaurs, we predicted a stellar occultation by the centaur (54598) Bienor to occur on January 11, 2019, with good observability potential. We obtained high accuracy astrometric data to refine the prediction, resulting in a shadow path favorable for the Iberian Peninsula. This encouraged us to carry out an occultation observation campaign that resulted in five positive detections from four observing sites. This is the fourth centaur for which a multichord (more than two chords) stellar occultation has been observed so far, the other three being (2060) Chiron, (10199) Chariklo, and (95626) 2002 GZ32. From the analysis of the occultation chords, combined with the rotational light curve obtained shortly after the occultation, we determined that Bienor has an area-equivalent diameter of 150 ± 20 km. This diameter is ~30 km smaller than the one obtained from thermal measurements. The position angle of the short axis of the best fitting ellipse obtained through the analysis of the stellar occultation does not match that of the spin axis derived from long-term photometric models. We also detected a strong irregularity in one of the minima of the rotational light curve that is present no matter the aspect angle at which the observations were done. We present different scenarios to reconcile the results from the different techniques. We did not detect secondary drops related to potential rings or satellites. Nonetheless, similar rings in size to that of Chariklo's cannot be discarded due to low data accuracy.
An efficient new hybrid CG-method as convex combination of DY and CD and HS algorithms
Authors: Hallal Amina , Belloufi Mohammed , Sellami Badreddine
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we proposed a new hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm for solving unconstrained optimization problems as a convex combination of the Dai-Yuan algorithm, conjugate-descent algorithm, and Hestenes-Stiefel algorithm. This new algorithm is globally convergent and satisfies the sufficient descent condition by using the strong Wolfe conditions. The numerical results show that the proposed nonlinear hybrid conjugate gradient algorithm is efficient and robust.
A single-stage cleaner production system with waste management, reworking, preservation technology, and partial backlogging under inflation
Authors: Bhatnagar Pankaj , Kumar Satish , Yadav Dharmendra
Published: November 2022

Waste management and reworking are very crucial issues in the cleaner production system. The adaptation of preservation mechanism in inventory control is also a key aspect from an economic and environmental point of view. In the current study, an inventory model for a cleaner production system is modelled considering all these practical issues and inflation. Deterioration process takes place in the production system. In the model, market demand is viewed sales team efforts and selling price dependent. Here, rate of production along with the unit production cost are taken as variables. An investment in preservation technology is made with the goal to lower the percentage of defective products. Further, partial backordering is considered. In order to demonstrate the model, numerical example is provided. A Hessian matrix is used to establish the concavity of the objective function. A theoretical result is provided to obtain the concavity of the objective function. Sensitivity analysis along with managerial implications is also provided in the manuscript. Results indicate that by implementing high-efficiency preservation technology, the detrimental effects of deterioration on profit can be mitigated. Due to this, 1.6% rise in profit is observed. Thus, selection of right preservation technology is crucial for both financial and environmental sustainability. In addition to this, higher reworking rates and capital investment in quality improvement result in high profit for the system.
Biopolitics of othering during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ristić Dušan , Marinković Dušan
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic as a global threat caused the introduction of different biopolitical measures accompanied by discourses on otherness, including xenophobic, racist, nationalist, or new orientalist discourses. The aim of this research is to map discourses on otherness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our general hypothesis is that, despite the differences in social and cultural contexts, discourses on otherness generated during the pandemic legitimized biopolitical actions and/or measures in addition to exacerbating social, political and cultural differences. The research is based on a semi-systematic approach to literature review using Situational Analysis and Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse. In conclusion, we discuss the impact of discourse studies in the context of the global emergency.
Ultrafast laser spectroscopy uncovers mechanisms of light energy conversion in photosynthesis and sustainable energy materials
Authors: Zigmantas Donatas , Polívka Tomáš , Persson Petter , Sundström Villy
Published: November 2022

The invention of the laser in 1960 gave us the ruby laser, which generally produced chaotic pulses of light. Six years later, in 1966, a concept called passive mode-locking applied to neodymium-glass lasers produced reasonably well-behaving picosecond pulses. This triggered an intense activity, with respect to developing improved laser pulse sources, measurement techniques, and application to chemistry, physics, and biology. Initially, only ∼10 –ps-long pulses at a few wavelengths were available. Nevertheless, insight into the function of complex biological systems, like photosynthetic proteins, and molecules of chemical interest was gained in very early studies. Today, both duration and color of ultrashort pulses can be tuned to almost any value. This has of course opened up possibilities to study almost any atomic, molecular, or solid-state system and any dynamic process. This review focuses on the use of laser spectroscopy to investigate light energy conversion mechanisms in both natural photosynthesis and a topical selection of novel materials for solar energy conversion. More specifically, in photosynthesis we will review light harvesting and primary electron transfer; materials for solar energy conversion that we discuss include sensitized semiconductors (dye sensitized solar cells), polymer:fullerene and polymer:polymer bulk heterojunctions (organic solar cells), organometal halide perovskites, as well as molecular and hybrid systems for production of solar fuel and valuable chemicals. All these scientific areas, and in particular photosynthesis and the solar cell materials, have been extensively studied with ultrafast spectroscopy, resulting in a vast literature; a comprehensive review of the individual materials is, therefore, not feasible, and we will limit our discussion to work that we think has been of particular importance for understanding the function of the respective systems.
Smart electronics based on 2D materials for wireless healthcare monitoring
Authors: Hu Luhing , Kim Beom Jin , Ji Seunghyeon , Hong Juyeong , Katiyar Ajit K. , Ahn Jong-Hyun
Published: November 2022

The demand for wearable electronics in the fields of human healthcare monitoring and disease diagnosis has significantly increased in recent years. In particular, there is a need for light-weight, skin-friendly, soft elastic devices that can attach comfortably to human skin and communicate information via the Internet of Things. Rigorous research has been carried out to find new materials and device designs that can meet the challenging demands of skin-mountable devices. The emergence of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials with exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, and low cytotoxicity has facilitated the fabrication of low-dimensional electronic devices on flexible/stretchable platforms that can be easily integrated into the human body. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research progress on 2D material-based wearable sensors that are proposed for a wide range of applications including human health monitoring. Several potential applications based on wearable electronic devices have already been well established and documented, while many others are at a preliminary stage. Based on current research progress, the challenges and prospects toward commercial implementation of such clinical sensors are also discussed.
Effect of inter-needle distance on jet roping and laydown structure in solution blowing
Authors: Balakrishnan Vinod Kumar , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Yarin Alexander L.
Published: November 2022

Here, a model lab-scale solution blowing setup was developed. Experiments were carried out in a model situation of two needles at several inter-needle distances and air velocities to investigate jet roping. Polymer jets issued from two needles were employed at the inter-needle distances of L = 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, and 2.5 mm. Polymer jet intersections and merging near the needle tip and at a distance of ∼150 mm from the needle tip and near the collector were recorded employing a high-speed camera. The laydown images captured for each inter-needle distance were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to link the laydown morphology to roping, which stems from the polymer jet–jet intersection in flight.
Diminishing toxicity of pyrene on photosynthetic performance of soybean using
Authors: Jain Lakshmi , Jajoo Anjana
Published: November 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are persistent organic pollutants causing serious environmental problems, being toxic to plants and difficult to remediate. Pyrene is one such extremely dangerous compound that is toxic for the environment. This study suggests the use of Bacillus subtilis (National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms [NCIM] 5594) to overcome inhibitory effects of pyrene on soybean photosynthesis. The toxicity of pyrene to soybean was evident from a significant decrease in seed germination parameters, photosynthetic performance and biomass during growth of soybean in pyrene contaminated soil. Efficiency of performance index, light absorption, trapping and electron transport were reduced in plants grown in pyrene contaminated soil while significant recovery in these parameters was observed in plants grown in pyrene + B. subtilis treated soil. Activity levels of dehydrogenase and lipase enzymes significantly recovered in pyrene + B. subtilis treated soil. After extraction of pyrene from soil and soybean plant, concentration of pyrene was lowered in pyrene + B. subtilis treated soil and plants. These findings suggest efficient degradation of pyrene by B. subtilis. About 70% degradation of pyrene was achieved in soil using B. subtilis; thus it is a useful strain for crop improvement in pyrene polluted soil.
Impact of cultural and genetic structure on food choices along the Silk Road
Authors: Aneli Serena , Mezzavilla Massimo , Bortolini Eugenio , Pirastu Nicola , Girotto Giorgia , Spedicati Beatrice , Berchialla Paola , Gasparini Paolo , Pagani Luca
Published: November 2022

The complex interplay between genetics, culture, and environment forms an individual’s biology, influencing their behavior, choices, and health. However, to what extent information derived from this intertwined network could be quantitatively summarized to provide a glance at an individual’s lifestyle is difficult to say. Here, we focused on dietary preferences as cultural proxies and genome-wide data of 543 individuals from six historical Silk Road countries: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan. These lands favored the dispersal of innovations, foods, and DNA halfway across Eurasia, thus representing an ideal subject to explore interactions of cultural factors and genetic ancestry. We used discriminant analysis of principal components to infer cultural clusters, where mixed memberships are allowed. Five different clusters emerged. Of these, clusters 1 and 3, driven by aversion to pork and alcoholic beverages, mirrored genetic admixture patterns with the exception of Azerbaijan, which shares preferences supported by Islamic culture with Eastern countries. Cluster 3 was driven by protein-rich foods, whose preference was significantly related to steppe pastoralist ancestry. Sex and age were secondary clustering factors, with clusters formed by male and young individuals being related to alcohol preference and a reduced liking for vegetables. The soft clustering approach enabled us to model and summarize the individual’s dietary information in short and informative vectors, which show meaningful interaction with other nondietary attributes of the studied individuals. Encoding other cultural variables would help summarize an individual’s culture quantitatively, thus ultimately supporting its inclusion as a covariate in future association studies.
#conspiracymemes
Authors: Gür-Şeker Derya , Boonen Ute K. , Wentker Michael
Published: November 2022

Drawing on a multimodal corpus of Instagram memes (see Dancygier and Vandelanotte 2017; Yus 2019), this study explores the forms and functions of online conspiracy memes which are rooted in conspiracy theories (see Byford 2011; Butter and Knight 2020; Uscinski 2020). Focusing on posts, so-called digital multimodal units (DMUs), with regard to platform functions and the ensuing user reactions, this chapter qualitatively investigates DMUs with a discourse-analytic focus from two complementary angles: the posting of internet memes by the account holder as well as the ensuing meta-reflexive discussions (see Bublitz and Hübler 2007) among the audience, in which potential supporters and opponents of conspiracy theories engage to negotiate the semiotics and functions of DMUs.
Influence of assisted longitudinal magnetic field on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ER2319 aluminium alloy parts fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Xujing , Zhao Wenyong , Long Jinwei , Wei Yanhong
Published: November 2022

The deposit morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of ER2319 aluminium alloy with and without assisted longitudinal magnetic field (ALMF) were investigated comprehensively and comparatively in this study. The results showed that the ALMF improved the surface forming accuracy slightly, and effectively promoted the equiaxed transformation of grains. Simultaneously, the introduction of ALMF is beneficial to improving the morphology and distribution of the strengthening phase and reducing the tendency of intergranular corrosion caused by the segregation of Cu elements along the grain boundaries. Moreover, ALMF can remarkably reduce the generation rate of large pores, thereby effectively improving the tensile strength of the deposits and reducing the anisotropy of mechanical properties.
Bridging experimental and monitoring research for visible foliar injury as bio-indicator of ozone impacts on forests
Authors: Baesso Moura Barbara , Carrari Elisa , Dalstein-Richier Laurence , Sicard Pierre , Leca Stefan , Badea Ovidiu , Pitar-Silaghi Diana , Shashikumar Anumol , Ciriani Marie-Lyne , Paoletti Elena , Hoshika Yasutomo
Published: November 2022

Tropospheric ozone (O
3
) is a phytotoxic air pollutant and the O
3
-induced visible foliar injury (O
3
VFI) is a biomarker. A recently developed Free-air O
3
eXposure (FO
3
X) is a promising facility to verify field-observed “O
3
-like” VFIs and to establish a flux-based threshold for the O
3
VFI onset. The present study compared O
3
-like VFI registered in the southern European forest sites with actual O
3
VFI observed in a FO
3
X experiment. The O
3
-like VFIs were evaluated by eye in forests and thus it was subjective. According to the imaging analysis, we firstly demonstrated that major parts of the colors were similar in the field and the FO
3
X. The color pallets for O
3
VFI was species-specific and considered a advanced tool for the O
3
VFI diagnosis. In addition, we calculated a flux-based threshold for the O
3
VFI onset at the FO
3
X based on a Phytotoxic Ozone Dose (POD
1
), which ranged from 4.9 to 18.1 mmol m
−2
POD
1
. This FO
3
X-derived threshold partly explained but did not necessarily match with the observation for several tree species in actual forests. The multivariate analysis showed that O
3
VFI was decreased by the presence of various species and suggested the importance of continuous monitoring activities in the field for the further analysis.
Analytical analysis of the origin of core-cusp matter density distributions in galaxies
Authors: Kapustin A.D. , Paston S.A.
Published: November 2022

We propose an analytical method to describe a matter density profile near a galaxy center. The description is based on the study of the distribution function of particles over possible trajectories. We establish a relation between the central slope of density profile and the near-origin behavior of the angular momentum distribution function. We consider both a spherically symmetric (on average) matter distribution as well as deviations from it. If the density profile forms in a background of spherical gravitation potential then a core-type distribution arises. A regular matter may behave in such way if the background potential was formed by the dark matter. In the presence of deviation from spherical symmetry the formation of cusp-type distribution is possible. Moreover, a reduction of spherical symmetry to the axial one leads to a less steep cusp profile. The complete symmetry breaking (which corresponds, in particular, to the common setup of numerical simulations), leads to a steeper cusp profile.
Neurostimulators for high-resolution artificial retina: ASIC design challenges and solutions
Authors: Jeong Hyunbeen , Kim Jisung , Seo Jong-mo , Neviani Andrea
Published: November 2022

Objective. Neurostimulator is one of the most important part in artificial retina design. In this paper, we discuss the main challenges in the design of application-specific integrated circuit for high-resolution artificial retina and suggest corresponding solutions. Approach. Problems in the design of the neurostimulator for the existing artificial retina have not been solved yet are analyzed and solutions are presented. For verification of the solutions, mathematical proof, MATLAB and Ansys simulations are used. Main results. The drawbacks of resorting to a high-voltage complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process to deal with the large voltage compliance demanded by the stimulator output stage are pointed out, and an alternative approach based on a circuit that switches the voltage of the common reference electrode is proposed to overcome. The necessity of an active discharge circuit to remove the residual charge of electrodes caused by an unbalanced stimulus is investigated. We present a circuit analysis showing that the use of a passive discharge circuit is sufficient to suppress problematic direct current in most situations. Finally, possible restrictions on input and output (I/O) count are investigated by estimating the resistive-capacitive delay caused by the interconnection between the I/O pad and the microelectrode array. Significance. The results of this paper clarified the problems currently faced by neurostimulator design for the artificial retina. Through the solutions presented in this study, circuits with more competitiveness in power and area consumption can be designed.
Calculating the maximum possible yield for a typical pyroelectric neutron generator
Authors: Mohtashami S. , Afarideh H. , Abbasi Davani F. , Ghaderi R.
Published: November 2022

Pyroelectric crystals are heated/cooled to supply D-D/D-T fusion for the purpose of
neutron generation. Enhancing the pyroelectric neutron generators (PNG) yield is one of the main
goals pursued by most of the previously developed techniques/models. Here, the maximum possible
neutron yield of a PNG is calculated in which a widely-used pyroelectric crystal (i.e., LiTaO3
with a diameter of 3 cm and height of 1 cm) is applied. This calculation is performed by a
simulation procedure including: (1) computation of the PNG potential/current for neutron
generation based on new modifications (2) simulation of the deuterium ions acceleration into the
target during a thermal cycle (3) simulation of the D-D fusion interaction using the Geant4
toolkit. The results show that the maximum yield of the PNG in the ideal conditions is about
6.4× 106 neutrons per cycle. This study provides a useful approach for
determining the upper limit of the expected efficiency for typical PNGs and other compact neutron
generators.
Embedded-probes diagnostics for the COMPASS upgrade tokamak: a concept
Authors: Dimitrova M. , Gerardin J. , Podolnik A. , Balner V. , Mitov M. , Adamek J. , Duran I. , Weinzettl V. , Veselovsky V. , Dejarnac R. , Komm M. , Hron M. , Panek R.
Published: November 2022

This article introduces a concept based on flush-mounted probes embedded in the limiters of the COMPASS-Upgrade tokamak. Main issues related to flush probe geometry are taken into account and discussed. Calculations of heat fluxes and the incident angle of the field lines on the different limiters using the PFCflux code are performed to support in probe arrangement optimization. Model current-voltage characteristics for a flush probe are simulated using the SPICE2 code and their dependence on the angle of incidence is studied. The results are used to predict the current to be collected by the flush probes for different magnetic fields and to examine the reliability of the proposed diagnostics. A discussion is included on the capability of the electronic system considered for the measurements.
Construction of PCL-collagen@PCL@PCL-gelatin three-layer small diameter artificial vascular grafts by electrospinning
Authors: Lu Xingjian , Zou Hao , Liao Xiaokun , Xiong Yue , Hu Xiaoyan , Cao Jun , Pan Jiaqi , Li Chaorong , Zheng Yingying
Published: November 2022

The demand for artificial vascular grafts in clinical applications is increasing, and it is urgent to design a tissue-engineered vascular graft with good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical strength. In this study, three-layer small diameter artificial vascular grafts were constructed by electrospinning. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen (COL) were used as the inner layer to provide good biocompatibility and cell adhesion, the middle layer was PCL to improve the mechanical properties, and gelatin (GEL) and PCL were used to construct the outer layer for further improving the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the vascular grafts in the human body environment. The electrospun artificial vascular graft had good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Its longitudinal maximum stress reached 2.63 ± 0.12 MPa, which exceeded the maximum stress that many natural blood vessels could withstand. The fiber diameter of the vascular grafts was related to the proportion of components that made up the vascular grafts. In the inner structure of the vascular grafts, the hydrophilicity of the vascular grafts was enhanced by the addition of COL to the PCL, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhered more easily to the vascular grafts. In particular, the cytocompatibility and proliferation of HUVECs on the scaffold with an inner structure PCL:COL = 2:1 was superior to other ratios of vascular grafts. The vascular grafts did not cause hemolysis of red blood cells. Thus, the bionic PCL-COL@PCL@PCL-GEL composite graft is a promising material for vascular tissue engineering.