bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sostenibilidad y gastronomía local en los destinos turísticos en el contexto de la covid-19
Authors: Moliner Tena Miguel Ángel , Monferrer Tirado Diego , Estrada Guillén Marta , Vidal Meliá Lidia
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo ha obtenido el 1.er Premio Estudios Financieros 2022 en la modalidad de Marketing y Publicidad.
Este estudio supone una contribución importante a la literatura de turismo al explorar la relación entre la sostenibilidad y la gastronomía local en los destinos turísticos dentro del marco conceptual de la investigación de servicios transformadores. Además, tras la pandemia de la covid-19, la experiencia segura se propone como una nueva dimensión en la escala de medición de experiencia de servicio EXQ para considerar la importancia de la seguridad en la salud. A través de un cuestionario a 1.433 turistas, se confirman todas las hipótesis planteadas, comprobándose así la sostenibilidad percibida, la gastronomía local y la experiencia de servicio como aspectos clave en la estrategia de cualquier destino turístico. En primer lugar, el estudio identifica que la sostenibilidad percibida es un factor determinante de la experiencia de servicio del turista en el destino. Los turistas consideran que la sostenibilidad es una parte intrínseca de la propuesta de valor del destino y valoran la experiencia local de gastronomía y servicio a través del filtro de la sostenibilidad. En segundo lugar, la percepción de la gastronomía local no solo afecta a la experiencia turística, sino que influye de manera decisiva en la sostenibilidad percibida. Finalmente, la experiencia de servicio de los turistas tiene un efecto positivo significativo en la satisfacción, lo que a su vez afecta de manera positiva a la abogacía. También se demuestra la importancia de la experiencia segura en la experiencia de servicio, lo cual supone una contribución a la literatura de turismo en el contexto de la covid-19.
Vinculación emocional hacia la marca y marketing digital como estrategia de éxito en tiempos de covid-19
Authors: Baena Graciá Verónica
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit en el Premio Estudios Financieros 2022 en la modalidad de Marketing y Publicidad.
La pandemia de la covid-19 ha originado una crisis económica global sin precedentes. Todos los sectores de actividad se han visto afectados y se han enfrentado a serias amenazas financieras. Por este motivo, en un contexto de restricciones físicas durante la crisis de la covid-19 (confinamiento y nueva normalidad), es necesario analizar la idoneidad de enfatizar el uso de una estrategia de marketing digital como herramienta de comunicación a los consumidores. Mediante una investigación mixta basada en la combinación de un análisis cuantitativo (encuesta y posterior análisis econométrico) y cualitativo (grupo de discusión), este artículo pretende identificar el papel de la web, app y redes sociales de la compañía en la creación de un vínculo emocional hacia la marca.
Salud reproductiva y bienestar de las trabajadoras: ¿un tiempo de nuevos «derechos sexuados» desde la menstruación a la menopausia?
Authors: Molina Navarrete Cristóbal
Published: November 2022

1. El denominado «climaterio», ese periodo que comprende la etapa posterior a la vida fértil de la mujer (tras el fin de la menstruación), tiende a alejar la menopausia cada vez más del final de la vida de las mujeres. La mujer suele encontrarse ahora con ella en un momento de plena actividad profesional, además de personal. Conforme a los estudios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en apenas 3 décadas, habrá más de 1.000 millones de mujeres con 50 o más años (el triple que en 1990), por lo que un creciente número de mujeres tiene una larga vida profesional por delante, pudiéndose ver afectada, en un porcentaje no irrelevante de trabajadoras, su calidad de vida, pero también su carrera profesional, por trastornos y enfermedades asociados con este estado natural a partir de un determinado momento de su vida. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, esta situación se ha mantenido altamente invisibilizada, por la estigmatización en torno a buena parte de las cuestiones de la salud reproductiva y sexual de las mujeres.
UCA y el diálogo nacional
Authors: Consejo Superior Universitario
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 381-386.
Sobre el foro nacional convocado por el Presidente Romero
Authors: El Editor
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 458-468.
Causas y consecuencias del alza de precios del petroleo
Authors: Jiménez Cabrera Edgar
Published: November 2022

El artículo explica no solamente la importancia económica del petróleo en la economía mundial, las fuentes, reservas y concentración geográfica de la producción, el consumo y recursos energéticos de Estados Unidos, Europa, Japón y de América Latina. Fundamentalmente analiza el papel de las empresas multinacionales y el control del petróleo, para culminar en la explicación de la crisis energética, sus causas y consecuencias; así como el aumento de precios del petróleo en nuestros días, y su efecto en favor de las empresas petroleras y en detrimento de los países consumidores, particularmente los del Tercer Mundo. El ensayo explica también la estrategia multinacional de los recursos energéticos, en particular el del petróleo, utilizada como arma de guerra económica y como fuente de acumulación acelerada de capital indispensable para financiar las inversiones requeridas para el pasaje del petróleo a otras formas de energía y el liderazgo empresarial multinacional.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 387-402.
Fundamentación biológica de la ética
Authors: Ellacuría Ignacio
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo es la ponencia presentada por el autor en el IX Symposio Interdisciplinar de Filosofía y Medicina, dedicado al tema "Ética del Diagnóstico", realizado en Madrid del 21 al 23 de marzo de este año. El discurso filosófico arranca de las bases biológicas del hombre, que se diferencia del animal por no responder etimológicamente sino por opción; el tener que enfrentarse a la realidad hace que el hombre realice y se realice, y se constituya en ser ético. El proceso biológico de hominización lleva al de humanización, y a una conducta racional y libre. La ética, por consiguiente, tiene que integrar lo biológico del hombre. El saber biológico llevará al saber ético, y éste al saber médico. No basta, pues, un código ético de comportamiento del médico, sino que hay que llegar a una ética de la medicina.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 419-428.
Cien años de psicología
Authors: I. M. B.
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 368, 1979: 432-433.
Junio-Julio 1979
Authors: Anaya Eugenio C.
Published: November 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 710-714.
Seguridad Nacional y la Constitución Salvadoreña
Authors: Campos Tomás R.
Published: November 2022

El artículo analiza la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional desde la Constitución vigente en El Salvador; más en concreto la práctica de esa Doctrina, tal como se lleva a cabo en el país. Consta de tres partes. En la primera se analizan y contraponen los supuestos de la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional y los supuestos de la Constitución para concluir que son no sólo ajenos sino contrarios entre sí. En la segunda se analiza cómo la Constitución provee por la seguridad nacional; los medios que propone para cuidar de ella son completamente distintos de los que practica la Seguridad Nacional. Finalmente en la tercera se analizan aquellos puntos de la práctica de la Seguridad Nacional que contradicen positivamente la norma constitucional; son, sobre todo, tres: la sustitución de la soberanía popular y de los Poderes Públicos que la representan constitucionalmente por la fuerza militar; la anulación práctica del sistema electoral como camino de acceso democrático al poder; la persecución de las organizaciones populares. Del artículo se deduce que en tanto haya vigencia de la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional en El Salvador, en esa misma medida se está violando lo más sustancial de la Constitución. Sin embargo, el artículo no estudia explícitamente por qué no se cumple la Constitución en el país y por qué se ha tenido que ir a prácticas, que contradicen en lo fundamental a la Constitución; la hipótesis explicativa de este hecho necesitaría de desarrollos más allá de los límites asignados a este trabajo.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 476-488.
crisis política en El Salvador (1976-1979)
Authors: Guidos Vejar Rafael
Published: November 2022

El autor analiza los rasgos más sobresalientes del actual proceso político salvadoreño, caracterizándose como un fenómeno de "crisis de autoridad": Se trata de un análisis de coyuntura, dentro de un contexto estructural, o como el mismo autor lo expresa, "el estudio pretende situarse entre el análisis de "situación" y el de "coyuntura". En la primera parte, en un nivel teórico descriptivo, plantea la crisis política que intenta resolverse mediante la práctica y el enfrentamiento de las distintas fuerzas políticas que la han generado. La segunda parte nos describe rápidamente los momentos y acciones más importantes que han tenido lugar durante el periodo elegido. Y finalmente presenta reflexiones sobre los movimientos políticos y las relaciones de fuerzas, que se han percibido en el análisis del periodo 1976-1979. La crisis de hegemonía, producto de las fisiones entre los sectores dominantes, los equilibrios de compromiso, en una situación de poder económico compartido, y las nuevas modalidades de la lucha popular, son ideas clave que conducen el análisis en un enfoque dinámico y concreto de nuestra realidad.ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 507-526.
Panorama monetario en 1978
Authors: De Sebastián Luis
Published: November 2022

El artículo de Luis de Sebastián, que nos presenta el panorama monetario en 1978, tiene una primera parte, en la que el autor, utilizando las estadísticas de que se dispone, hace un análisis de la oferta y la demanda monetaria y del nivel de precios en el país. En una segunda parte se pone a revisar las políticas monetarias adoptadas por las instituciones correspondientes, bajo la política dictada por la Junta Monetaria, en el año de 1978, que denotan un optimismo en la concepción de que las medidas tomadas pueden mejorar sustancialmente la situación, y están basadas principalmente en la permisión, o en el "no impedir": Finalmente, y tras discutir el valor de tales medidas, hace algunas sugerencias para una adecuada política monetaria.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 545-554.
situación de la Iglesia Católica en El Salvador y su influjo social
Authors: Paredes Iván D.
Published: November 2022

Se describe en este trabajo la situación de la Iglesia católica en El Salvador y el influjo que ejerce en la sociedad. Se analiza la situación de los diversos estratos eclesiales: jerarquía episcopal, sacerdotes, religiosos y religiosas, laicos y, especialmente, las comunidades eclesiales de base. De este análisis se desprende que en El Salvador la Iglesia católica toma dos direcciones distintas. Una dirección en la línea de la Iglesia de los pobres que se concentra en la Arquidiócesis y a la que se adhieren otros grupos eclesiales del país; y otra en la dirección de una Iglesia tradicional. El influjo de la línea de la Arquidiócesis es mayoritario y de signo positivo, mientras que el influjo de la otra línea se limita de hecho a mantener el status quo eclesial y social. La posibilidad del influjo positivo viene dada por la capacidad de cambio y conversión, de coherencia entre teoría y praxis pastoral, de fomentar la unión intraeclesial, de creatividad a los diversos niveles de la vida eclesial, de búsqueda de respuesta a los nuevos problemas, de suscitar prestigio internacional, y, por último, de mantener la entereza en la persecución. El influjo social de la Iglesia se realiza en sentido positivo en su incidencia en la conciencia colectiva de la sociedad, desbloqueando falsas concepciones religiosas e, indirectamente, falsas concepciones económicas y políticas, y aportando valores positivos sobre importantes realidades sociales, como son, la palabra como vehículo de verdad y de convivencia social, la institución al servicio de las mayorías y el pueblo como autor de su propio destino.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 369-370, 1979: 601-614.
A professional development framework supporting life sciences educators' pedagogical content knowledge in the relationship between the human nervous system and the endocrine system
Authors:   , Naidoo Nathasia
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to determine whether current professional development programmes are effective for Life Sciences educators within the Kwa-Zulu Natal Department of Education to gain pedagogical content knowledge. The main problem focused on the quality of education determined by the quality of educators who are knowledgeable of the content and knowledgeable about strategies to be used to convey learning of the content. An objective of the study included determining whether current Life Sciences educators gain aspects of pedagogical content knowledge through teacher professional development programmes. The objectives also included the development of a Conceptual Framework Model to improve Life Sciences education. The study made use of a quantitative research methods approach. A structured questionnaire in the format of scaled questions namely the Linkert scale was used. The target population comprised of 210 Life Sciences educators in the Umlazi District of the Kwa-Zulu Natal Department of Education. For the purpose of pretesting, 10 samples were randomly selected. Therefore, from a target population 200 Life Sciences educators, 132 samples were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. A total of 127 questionnaires were returned by the sample respondents, providing a high response rate of 96%. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0.0. Results were shown as descriptive statistics of the quantitative data obtained in the form of graphs, cross tabulations and other figures. The use of correlations and chi-square test values were interpreted and used to test the 10 hypotheses for various components of this study. The researcher observed some significant results from the data analysis which included: more than 40% of respondents required a form of professional development to improve pedagogical content knowledge and that more than 40% of teacher training workshops need to be aspect specific. This study culminated with proposals for future research in this field of study.
Comparative Analysis of Multiple Intelligence Domains and Learning Styles of Gifted Students
Authors: ŞAHİN Harun , KÜÇÜK Feride
Published: November 2022

This study aims to describe the relationship between the multiple intelligence domains and learning styles of gifted students in terms of gender, grade, maternal and paternal educational status. Therefore, the relational scanning model was used in the research. The study group consists of a total of 250 students, 5th, 6th, and 7th graders, studying at Antalya/Turkey Science and Art Center in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. As a result, it was concluded that the multiple intelligence domains of the gifted students were at an advanced level and there were significant differences between some intelligence domains of the students in terms of gender, grade level, and maternal educational status. Also, there were significant differences between some learning styles of students in terms of gender, grade levels, and maternal educational status. In addition, a negative, significant and weak correlation was found between some intelligence domains and the learning styles of gifted students.
THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF TNI-AD WARRIORS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Program Magister Pedidikan Jasmani STKIP Pasundan, Sobarna Akhmad , Hambali Sumbara ,   Program Magister Pedidikan Jasmani STKIP Pasundan, Asmara Henry ,   Program Magister Pedidikan Jasmani STKIP Pasundan, Yoga Pratama Aditya ,   TNI Angkatan Darat, Supriadi Idris ,   STKIP Syekh Manshur
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical activity of TNI-AD soldiers in the 201/Jaya Yudha Mechanic Yonif Unit during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is a survey method. All TNI-AD Soldiers in the 201 / Jaya Yudha Mechanic Yonif Unit, totaling in 1 company, consisted of 108 people, and the sample was taken using purposive sampling technique, so the sample used was 23 people. The instruments used were a questionnaire about physical activity from Baecke and analysis of BMI (Body Mass Index) with the formula BMI = BW (Kg)/TB (m) 2. The technique of calculating and analyzing data in this research is through a quantitative approach in the form of a percentage. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the results of the average physical activity index when exercising get an average value of 3.4 in the fairly active category, mean that physical activity at the time when you get an average value of 3.5 is in the active category, and the results analysis on the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the soldiers scored 24.2 kg / m2, which means that they are in the Normal category.
PRACTICAL USE OF TEACHING MATERIALS IN THE FORM OF COMIC MATH USING REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) APPROACH IN LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Jambi, Sabil Husni , Noverma Noverma ,   Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Jambi, Indri Silfiani ,   Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Jambi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the practicality of Teaching Materials in the form of Mathematical Comics using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach in learning for junior high school students. Comics are reading materials that are generally more in demand than textbooks by children, especially teenagers. Based on its characteristics, comics contain stories in the form of: Images and text are loaded in text balloons and presented in the form of panels. If comics are presented like the application of a realistic mathematical approach, especially in learning mathematics, it is expected to create an interesting learning atmosphere for students. This research is a development research with ADDIE model. The population in this study were all students of class X SMAN 1 Jambi. While the sample is class X-1 as many as 15 students. The instruments in this study were individual tests by teachers and small group tests by students. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that the results obtained from the teacher's response questionnaire were 89.40% including practical criteria and student assessments in the form of small group tests 92.40% with very practical criteria. Results Based on the assessment, the mathematical comics developed are valid and can be used as additional material.
ANALISIS PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA PERAWAT TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN KEPERAWATAN RSUD KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Suryani Elvi , Rambe Normayanti
Published: November 2022

The workload given determines a nurse can carry out nursing care well or not. Nurses who have more workload than they should, meaning doing other work outside of nursing that results in the quality of nursing services can not achieve optimal results. Types in quantitative research with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all implementing nurses in the inpatient room class I Padangsidimpuan Regional General Hospital as many as 30 people using total sampling techniques. Hypothesis test using Chi-Square test. The result of the study is that the quality of nursing services in the Inpatient Room Class I Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital is sufficient and the workload of nurses average - the average productive nursing conducted has not been effective. The result of the study is that the quality of nursing services in the Inpatient Room Class I Padangsidimpuan City General Hospital is sufficient and the workload of nurses average - the average productive nursing conducted has not been effective. The results of the analysis obtained a value of p = 0.001 shows a relationship between the workload of implementing nurses and the quality of nursing services. In this study, the management of Padangsidimpuan Regional Hospital must equip facilities and infrastructure to support nursing services and be a consideration in the nursing management department to take policy in adding energy gradually in each inpatient room based on wins method.
THE EFFECT OF GROUP EVENTS PROMOTING VOLUNTEERING ON THE AWARENESS AND MOTIVATION OF SCHOOL AND HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Boiko Hanna , Ovcharova Valeriia , Burenkov Vladyslav
Published: November 2022

The publication deals with the theoretical and empirical researches of school and higher education students’ involvement in volunteering. The sociological survey analyzes results of students’ volunteering experiences among the participants of information events in the autumn-winter of 2021-2022 (before the Russian military aggression in Ukraine). The results of this sociological survey have shown specific features of school and higher education students’ attitude to volunteering. Attitudes to volunteering among school and higher education students, their awareness, the importance of such activities for them, knowledge about volunteering areas and volunteering benefits have been analyzed. The authors of the article analyze the results of the sociological survey of students who participated in the volunteering school (entrance and exit survey). Conclusions which were based on this survey help to define the impact of master-classes at the volunteering school on students' perceptions of volunteering, the importance of volunteering for students. The authors paid special attention to the study of the volunteering school’s impact on young people (school and higher education students) in the context of their informing and involvement in volunteering practices. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of volunteering practices among school and higher education students, the specifics of the ideas of the two groups of young people about volunteering have been determined.
The article also analyzes forms of informational and explanatory work which can be used for informing and involving young people in volunteering, the effectiveness of webinars, trainings, group discussions, volunteering schools, which are held in "Caritas Zaporizhzhia Charitable Fund" to inform and motivate school and higher education students to volunteering. On the basis of this, the authors have considered and singled out the most effective forms of group informing social work and its stages with these age groups for their education before volunteering. The fact that the information work is more effectve for the schoolchildren than for higher education students is determined. It is important for the students that volunteering meets their interests, provides an opportunity to develop their skills and contacts that are important in their future professional activities. The authors determine the perspective of further research taking into account the development of youth volunteering in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine associated with military aggression.
TECHNOLOGIES OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR STUDENTS IN US UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Iryna Iashchyshchak Iryna
Published: November 2022

The article expands on the meaning of the concept of «social support» as a term that is often interpreted differently by social workers. The relevance of the study of social support of students arises due to the following factors: the diversification of problems typical for modern students; the increase in the number of students in need of social support; the presence of positive experience of social support for students in higher education institutions in the United States whose competent use in Ukrainian universities will contribute to the progress of the domestic education system. Scientific researches of social support as a direction of social work are analyzed. The problems of students include: the unavailability of higher education due to its high cost, which is also growing every year; socio-psychological adaptation of freshmen to new conditions of studying and living; the possibility of employment during training and after graduation; organization of leisure. The main sources of social support for students are identified: they are parents, teachers, classmates, friends and student social services. The student service of the institution can perform such types of work as recruitment of students or their transfer from other universities; assistance to students in creating thier individual study plan; consultancy; financial assistance to low-income students; provision of services to students with disabilities; assistance to students who have not yet decided on the choice of future profession or place of work; assistance to servicemen who are legally educated on preferential terms; assistance to those who are lagging behind in education; assistance to students who came to study in the United States from other countries; assistance to those who receive education mainly through the Internet; publication of diplomas and statements. Social support for students at US universities includes moral (emotional), financial (technical), academic (informational), service (professional), religious, and online support. The best option for a student is to form their own individual network of social support. In US universities, student social support is better developed as more support is provided and more specialized services and professionals are available. In addition, student services can use a wider range of resources, and therefore social support is longer in duration and better in quality.
THE IMAGE OF THE HOMELESS AS AN ELEMENT OF COMMUNICATION WITH THEM
Authors: Khyzhniak Larysa , Sychova Viktoriia , Khyzhniak Oleksandr
Published: November 2022

The article considers the influence of the image of homeless people on the process of communication with them with the aim of their social reintegration.
Research methods: theoretical analysis of the main approaches to homelessness in interdisciplinary discourse, systematization, and generalization of the specifics and transformation of communication with homeless people in modern Ukrainian society.
The novelty of the study: it is emphasized that the idea of the homeless should be productive. The authors summarize the main changes that have taken place in the Ukrainian communicative space in relation to the homeless as a socially vulnerable and problematic group. First, in order to overcome the stigma of homelessness and provide comprehensive services to the homeless in Ukraine, the names of the centers caring for people in homelessness are being humanized. Secondly, communication with the homeless is becoming more widespread in the development of social entrepreneurship, the potential of which is significant. However, but scientists have not yet systematically and comprehensively studied, the existing studies have been technologically and organizationally unsound and, consequently, inexhaustible. Thirdly, the topic of homelessness is relevant in the media through the so-called street publications, which are becoming the "voice of the poor." As a rule, public organizations and the homeless themselves are involved in the process of spreading this idea through street publications. The latter distributes these publications, earning money to meet their needs. This world experience is also used in Ukrainian society, but it is somewhat limited and without sufficient support from state institutions, territorial communities, and local self-government. Fourthly, it is the involvement of charitable foundations and organizations in active communication with the homeless. First of all, we are talking about programs for the reintegration of homeless people, which show their effectiveness and act as an innovation that can spread in modern Ukrainian society. The author's program of communicative training was conducted with social workers in order to form in them a productive idea of communication with the homeless in the process of providing them with social services. At the same time, social workers in the process of communicating with the homeless need a sense of personal security and the availability of appropriate communicative competencies.
DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF SOCIAL WORK SPECIALISTS IN CONTINUING EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Strelnikov Viktor
Published: November 2022

The problems of professional development of social work specialists on the basis of the competence approach are considered. The main operational goals of environmental training in a continuing education institution are identified, which are to master the knowledge that natural resources are interconnected and limited; natural resources affect the standard of living in society, they are unevenly distributed on Earth; man is actively changing the processes that occur in nature; urgent measures must be taken in this regard to preserve the relevant values of nature resources for future generations; proper use of natural resources requires a significant amount of knowledge from various fields of science and technology; the development of society and technology is causing changes in the way natural resources are used, and so on.
The article presents the formulation of the purpose and means of development of ecological competence of social work specialists in continuing education institutions. The essence of the necessary changes in the content-procedural aspects of professional development of a specialist in social work in ecology has been clarified. In particular, it is necessary to supplement the content of environmental training with information on environmentally balanced consumption, opportunities and the need to regulate needs, positive examples of solving environmental problems at regional and local levels, including everyday life examples. The importance of encouraging, organizing and supporting activities aimed at the collection and processing of secondary raw materials, economical use of heat, electricity and water in everyday life was emphasized.
It is concluded that only by understanding and realizing from personal experience the content of advanced training in ecology, social workers can be psychologically ready to carry out environmental activities. Social workers should not only teach others the principles of environmental thinking, but also be an example of environmental activity on these principles. This task is difficult and controversial, because it requires a change in their views and behavior, conscious limitation of needs and the education of new resource-saving habits.
The actual tasks that need further solution are outlined: updating the content and process of professional development of social work specialists; development of appropriate integrated training courses, which would not be limited to the transfer of information, but involve a change of position, patterns of behavior, stereotypes; development of various necessary educational and methodological literature sources for specialists in social work devoted to ecological thinking.
Optimasi Formula Sedian Lotion Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.)
Authors: Putri Aristha novyra
Published: November 2022

Daun kersen (Muntinga Calabura L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 6.8249 µg/mL dengan kandungan senyawa flavonoid dan fenol. Sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai zat aktif dalam sediaan lotion. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh emulgator asam stearat dan trietanolamin terhadap sifat karakteristik fisik sediaan lotion serta mengetahui formula optimum sediaan lotion ekstrak etanol daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dengan menggunakan metode faktorial desain. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai kombinasi antara asam stearat dan trietanolamin menghasilkan respon pH (-0,0717), viskositas (+4556,67), daya sebar (-0,2750) dan daya lekat (+0,0045). Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi asam stearat dan trietanolamin dapat meningkatkan viskositas dan daya lekat. Kombinasi asam stearat denga trietanolamin dapat menurunkan respon pH dan daya sebar. Sehingga diperoleh formula optimum sediaan lotion dengan konsentrasi asam stearat dan trietanolamin masing-masing adalah 17,63% dan 3,29%.
Détection non supervisée des changements dans des images multitemporelles
Authors: LIU Sicong , BOVOLO Francesca , BRUZZONE Lorenzo , DU Qian , TONG Xiaohua
Published: November 2022

Dans ce chapitre, nous nous concentrons sur le problème de la détection non supervisée de changements dans les images multitemporelles multispectrales. En particulier, nous examinons et analysons la représentation des changements spectraux-spatiaux pour traiter le problème important de la détection multiclasse de changements. À cette fin, deux approches sont développées, à savoir une analyse morphologique multi-échelles de vecteurs de changements compressés et une détection multi-classes au niveau des superpixels.
Clustering fonctionnel de séries d’images par entropies relatives
Authors: ATTO Abdourrahmane M. , KARBOU Fatima , GIFFARD-ROISIN Sophie , BOMBRUN Lionel
Published: November 2022

Ce chapitre traite l'extraction d'attributs à partir d'ondelettes et de filtres ConvNet (réseaux de neurones à convolution) pour l'analyse non supervisée de séries chronologiques d'images. Nous exploitons les capacités des ondelettes et des filtres neuro-convolutifs à capturer des propriétés d'invariance non-triviales, ainsi que les nouvelles solutions de centroïdes proposées dans ce chapitre, pour l'analyse d'attributs de hauts niveaux par entropie relative. La détection d'anomalies et le clustering fonctionnel d'évolution sont développés à partir de ce cadre.
Seuils et distances pour la détection de neige avec les séries d’images Sentinel-1
Authors: KARBOU Fatima , JAMES Guillaume , DURAND Philippe , ATTO Abdourrahmane M.
Published: November 2022

Dans ce chapitre, nous abordons l'estimation de l'étendue de la neige humide à l'aide de la méthode de seuillage de rétrodiffusion de Nagler. Nous examinons également certaines autres options intéressantes pour améliorer la détection de neige humide en explorant l'utilisation de métriques de similarité (comme le rapport de corrélation croisée normalisée, la distance de Hausdorff et certaines autres fonctions de distance d'images plus raffinées). Plusieurs distances sont calculées et testées sur une base de données de séries chronologiques d'images Sentinel-1 SAR de différentes tailles au-dessus des Alpes françaises. Le métriques résultantes sont évoquées et comparées à la méthode de Nagler, ainsi qu'à des données indépendantes.
Biogéographie marine
Authors: GARCÍA MOLINOS Jorge , ALABIA Irene Dolorfino
Published: November 2022

Les océans représentent 71% de la surface de la Terre, soit environ 665 fois plus de volume habitable que les environnements terrestres, mais ils n'abritent qu'environ 15% de toutes les espèces décrites. En revanche, la diversité phylétique est bien plus importante dans les océans que sur terre. Ce chapitre donne une vue d'ensemble de la biogéographie marine en se concentrant sur les processus de diversification au cours des temps géologiques et sur les gradients de diversité actuels dans les océans, de l'échelle continentale à l'échelle mondiale. La première partie du chapitre présente les principales hypothèses qui ont été proposées pour expliquer les différences flagrantes dans les modèles de diversification et de richesse entre la terre et la mer. Une revue actualisée des principaux gradients de répartition de la diversité dans l'océan et des mécanismes moteurs possibles est ensuite présentée dans la deuxième partie, y compris les gradients latitudinaux et bathymétriques de la richesse en espèces ainsi que les gradients de composition (taxonomiques, fonctionnels et phylogénétiques).
Biogéographie de la conservation : notre place dans le monde
Authors: RIDDLE Brett Robert
Published: November 2022

Il y a moins de deux décennies, la biogéographie de la conservation a été imaginée comme une "science appliquée et interdisciplinaire distincte qui s'intéresse à la conservation de la nature". Ce chapitre passe en revue le développement de la biogéographie de la conservation depuis sa création, il y a un peu plus d'une décennie et demie. Il vise, tout d'abord, à fournir une brève chronologie des progrès réalisés dans le développement de cette sous-discipline, suivie d'une vue d'ensemble de la portée revendiquée et examinée du domaine. Le chapitre examine ensuite brièvement plusieurs faits saillants émanant de cette approche à ce jour, et se termine par quelques spéculations sur la façon dont la sous-discipline pourrait continuer à se développer dans des directions productives. La biogéographie de la conservation semble avoir progressé depuis 2005 dans sa tentative de délimiter, conceptuellement et empiriquement, une partie de l'échelle spatiale dans le vaste domaine de la biologie de la conservation qui n'a pas toujours été au centre des préoccupations des chercheurs en biodiversité.
Phylogéographie
Authors: VOET Inessa , NICOLAS Violaine
Published: November 2022

La phylogéographie s'efforce de comprendre les processus qui sous-tendent la répartition géographique de la variation génétique au sein d'espèces étroitement apparentées et entre elles. Ce chapitre explique ce qu'est la phylogéographie et présente les développements méthodologiques et conceptuels dans ce domaine. Au cours des premières décennies de la phylogéographie, la plupart des études ont porté sur des analyses d'ADNmt exclusivement animal. La large utilisation de ce génome cytoplasmique dans les études phylogéographiques s'explique par le fait qu'il possède plusieurs propriétés phylogénétiques favorables. Les méthodes statistiques phylogéographiques se répartissent généralement en deux catégories : celles qui adoptent une approche statistique sommaire et les analyses de vraisemblance ou bayésiennes. Les études phylogéographiques comparatives peuvent révéler les façons dont des communautés ou des assemblages entiers sont structurés par des réponses partagées à un passé commun et à un événement historique unique propre à une espèce. Depuis ses débuts, la phylogéographie comparative utilise la concordance des modèles de variation génétique comme critère d'évaluation des hypothèses.
Biogéographie géophysique
Authors: HUSSON Laurent , SEPULCHRE Pierre
Published: November 2022

Déchiffrer les causes physiques de l'évolution de la biosphère telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui, ainsi que dans le passé, à partir des archives phylogénétiques et fossiles, dans le cadre d'une histoire géologique pas si sereine, est l'objectif primordial de la biogéographie géophysique. Les interactions entre l'environnement physique et la biosphère sont reflétées dans les classifications courantes utilisées par les biogéographes et les conservateurs de l'environnement, comme les biomes ou les écorégions. La biosphère réagit à l'environnement physique actuel, ainsi qu'aux conditions de précurseur : à un endroit donné, elle peut être considérée comme l'intégrale temporelle des interactions avec son environnement géophysique. La tectonique des plaques et les soubresauts régionaux de la surface de la Terre remodèlent non seulement la physiographie sur laquelle évoluent les biotes, mais aussi son décorum à l'échelle continentale, c'est-à-dire le climat, qui peut faciliter ou entraver dispersion, spéciation, ou extinction.
Biogéographie des îles
Authors: SCHMACK Julia , BIDDICK Matthew
Published: November 2022

Traditionnellement, l'étude de la biogéographie insulaire cherche à comprendre les facteurs qui affectent la richesse, la diversification et la répartition des espèces sur les îles. Les racines de la biogéographie insulaire sont fermement ancrées dans l'écologie des populations et des communautés. Bien avant l'élaboration de la théorie de l'équilibre de la biogéographie insulaire ("ToIB"), les botanistes et les zoologistes avaient documenté la tendance apparemment inébranlable de la richesse des espèces à augmenter de façon log-linéaire avec la surface de l'échantillon. En associant les données génétiques et les données de répartition, Valente et al. ont pu estimer les taux de colonisation, d'extinction et de spéciation. Leurs résultats confirment plusieurs prédictions clés du ToIB, notamment que les taux de colonisation diminuent avec l'augmentation de l'insularité ; les taux d'extinction diminuent avec l'augmentation de la superficie des îles ; et les taux de spéciation augmentent avec l'augmentation de l'insularité et de la superficie des îles. Le modèle dynamique général est fondé sur les mêmes éléments principaux que le ToIB ; cependant, il bénéficie de l'incorporation de la manière dont les éléments covarient avec ceux de l'île.
Biogéographie bactérienne des sols à l’échelle de la France
Authors: KARIMI Battle , RANJARD Lionel
Published: November 2022

L’écologie microbienne des sols a longtemps souffert d’un certain manque de généricité car les études ont souvent été menées à l’échelle infra-parcellaire ou parcellaire, voire de petits territoires et avec peu de sites étudiés. Cela entraîne un manque de connaissances sur les processus de distribution des populations et de la régulation de la diversité microbienne à grande échelle face aux changements globaux. Pour pallier à ceci, une étude de biogéographie microbienne a été menée l’échelle de la France sur les 2 200 sols du Réseau de Mesures de Qualité des Sols (RMQS). Ce chapitre présente les résultats de cette étude acquis sur l’abondance et la diversité des communautés bactériennes, les réseaux d’interactions bactériens ainsi que les habitats microbiens à l’échelle de la France. Ces travaux ont également permis des avancées finalisées par le développement et la validation de nouveaux indicateurs microbiens de la qualité des sols.
Monitoring vegetation condition using microwave remote sensing: the standardized vegetation optical depth index (SVODI)
Authors: Moesinger Leander , Zotta Ruxandra-Maria , van der Schalie Robin , Scanlon Tracy , de Jeu Richard , Dorigo Wouter
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Vegetation conditions can be monitored on a global scale using remote sensing observations in various wavelength domains. In the microwave domain, data from various spaceborne microwave missions are available from the late 1970s onwards. From these observations, vegetation optical depth (VOD) can be estimated, which is an indicator of the total canopy water content and hence of above-ground biomass and its moisture state. Observations of VOD anomalies would thus complement indicators based on visible and near-infrared observations, which are primarily an indicator of an ecosystem's photosynthetic activity. Reliable long-term vegetation state monitoring needs to account for the varying number of available observations over time caused by changes in the satellite constellation. To overcome this, we introduce the standardized vegetation optical depth index (SVODI), which is created by combining VOD estimates from multiple passive microwave sensors and frequencies. Different frequencies are sensitive to different parts of the vegetation canopy. Thus, combining them into a single index makes this index sensitive to deviations in any of the vegetation parts represented. SSM/I-, TMI-, AMSR-E-, WindSat- and AMSR2-derived C-, X- and Ku-band VODs are merged in a probabilistic manner resulting in a vegetation condition index spanning from 1987 to the present. SVODI shows similar temporal patterns to the well-established optical vegetation health index (VHI) derived from optical and thermal data. In regions where water availability is the main control on vegetation growth, SVODI also shows similar temporal patterns to the meteorological drought index scPDSI (self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index) and soil moisture anomalies from ERA5-Land. Temporal SVODI patterns relate to the climate oscillation indices SOI (Southern Oscillation index) and DMI (dipole mode index) in the relevant regions. It is further shown that anomalies occur in VHI and soil moisture anomalies before they occur in SVODI. The results demonstrate the potential of VOD to monitor the vegetation condition, supplementing existing optical indices. It comes with the advantages and disadvantages inherent to passive microwave remote sensing, such as being less susceptible to cloud coverage and solar illumination but at the cost of a lower spatial resolution. The index generation is not specific to VOD and could therefore find applications in other fields. The SVODI products (Moesinger et al., 2022) are open-access under Attribution 4.0 International and available at Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7114654.
A 600-kyr reconstruction of deep Arctic seawater δ18O from benthic foraminiferal δ18O and ostracode Mg/Ca paleothermometry
Authors: Farmer Jesse R. , Keller Katherine J. , Poirier Robert K. , Dwyer Gary S. , Schaller Morgan F. , Coxall Helen K. , O'Regan Matthew , Cronin Thomas M.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The oxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminiferal tests (δ18Ob) is one of the preeminent tools for correlating marine sediments and interpreting past terrestrial ice volume and deep-ocean temperatures. Despite the prevalence of δ18Ob applications to marine sediment cores over the Quaternary, its use is limited in the Arctic Ocean because of low benthic foraminiferal abundances, challenges with constructing independent sediment core age models, and an apparent muted amplitude of Arctic δ18Ob variability compared to open ocean records. Here we evaluate the controls on Arctic δ18Ob by using ostracode Mg/Ca paleothermometry to generate a composite record of the δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw) from fourteen sediment cores in the intermediate to deep Arctic Ocean (700–2700 m) covering the last 600 kyr. Results show that Arctic δ18Ob was generally higher than open ocean δ18Ob during interglacials but was generally equivalent to global reference records during glacial periods. The reduced glacial-interglacial Arctic δ18Ob range resulted in part from the opposing effect of temperature, with intermediate-to-deep Arctic warming during glacials counteracting the whole-ocean δ18Osw increase from expanded terrestrial ice sheets. After removing the temperature effect from δ18Ob, we find that the intermediate-to-deep Arctic experienced large (≥ 1 ‰) variations in local δ18Osw, with generally higher local δ18Osw during interglacials and lower δ18Osw during glacials. Both the magnitude and timing of low local δ18Osw intervals are inconsistent with the recent proposal of freshwater intervals in the Arctic Ocean during past glaciations. Instead, we suggest that lower local δ18Osw in the intermediate-to-deep Arctic Ocean during glaciations reflected weaker upper ocean stratification and more efficient transport of low-δ18Osw Arctic surface waters to depth by mixing and/or brine rejection.