bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribución, riqueza y composición genérica de grupos funcionales de hormigas de varios hábitats del bosque húmedo tropical
Authors:   Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Mendoza-Viteri Edy Marlon , Ríos Guayasamín Pedro Damián , Ávila-Andrade Andrés
Published: November 2022

Los gradientes altitudinales generan cambios en las condiciones ambientales. Esto desencadena una especialización de las comunidades animales y la composición de especies en el espacio. Este trabajo analiza la distribución, riqueza y composición de grupos funcionales de hormigas utilizando tres diferentes hábitats (bosque, cultivo y pasto) a través de un gradiente de altitud del bosque húmedo tropical del Sur de Ecuador. Se tomaron muestras de hormigas desde los 924 hasta los 1.636 m.s.n.m., utilizando trampas pitfall y colecta manual. Se identificaron 153 morfoespecies de 42 géneros, clasificados en 11 grupos funcionales. Se utilizó un análisis de redundancia para comprobar la correlación del hábitat con la altura sobre la abundancia genérica. Además, se realizó un análisis de escalonamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMDS) con los grupos funcionales de las comunidades en diferentes hábitats y alturas. Los resultados indican que existe correlación positiva entre rangos intermedios y bajos, de géneros como Linepithema, Pheidole y Wasmannia. La composición de los grupos funcionales muestra que Mírmicas generalizadas, Depredadoras Generalistas hipogeas y Hormigas arborícolas que se alimentan de polen presentan mejor distribución en áreas de bosque y cultivo de plátano a 1.286 m.s.n.m. Se concluye que Wasmannia, un género neotropical de comportamiento agresivo y oportunista parece explotar eficientemente las áreas cultivadas, por lo cual su presencia suele indicar perturbaciones relacionadas con el hombre.
Fish community characterization of mid-shelf and shelf- edge mesophotic coral ecosystems in the expanded Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
Authors: Sanchez Phillip J , Dance Michael A , Kraus Richard T , Hill Ronald L , Rooker Jay R
Published: November 2022

The mid to outer continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico is composed of a patchy distribution of coral and rock reefs designated high priority for marine protection. To better understand the influence of deepwater habitat on fish community dynamics and conservation needs, we
compared altiphotic-mesophotic transition (20– 40 m), upper mesophotic (40–60 m), and middle mesophotic (60–80 m) fish communities between mid-shelf (Sonnier Bank) and outer-shelf (McGrail Bank) banks from before their inclusion into the Flower Garden Banks National Marine
Sanctuary. Surveys performed over two years with a remotely operated vehicle indicated that each bank and depth zone had distinct fish communities. Both banks were dominated by planktivores and piscivores, with an increase in depth specialists (e.g., deepwater anthiids and serranids) at the
deeper zones surveyed, particularly in middle mesophotic depths at McGrail. An increased frequency of snappers, groupers, and amberjack was observed at Sonnier Bank, predominately in mesophotic depths, indicating the Sonnier Mesophotic Coral Ecosystem as either a hotspot or potential refuge
for meso- and apex predators. This study fills a temporal gap in fish community dynamics of these two banks, serving to create a more continuous dataset available to assist in conservation assessments of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.
Istraživačka teritorija andragogije
Authors: M. Savićević Dušan
Published: November 2022

Research territory (filed/area) of andragogy was not the issue of extended considerations. For a long period there was no interest for research work in the field of adult education and learning. Times have changed and with this (in a positive way) the attitude towards research. Every science seeks to designate their respective fields. There is no reason for andragogy to act otherwise. The research area of andragogy is very complex and multidimensional. The complexity stems from the complexity of the research subject - adult education and learning. The whole research area system has been descirbed. This system is neither complete nor finished. There is compliance among theorists and researchers that these areas sholud be expanded. Andragogists have to prepare themselves for these challenges, theoretically and methodologically. Adult education and learning is not only moving toward higher professionalisation but also toward more research acitivities. Andragogy is missing a critical synthesis and a generalisation of many different partial results.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAAN COOPERATIF LEARNING MELALUI SUPERVISI KELAS DI SMP NEGERI 2 SIDAREJA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Dianawati Lely
Published: November 2022

Penelitian tindakan sekolah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran cooperatif learning melalui supervisi kelas di SMP Negeri 2 Sidareja Kecamatan Sidareja. Subjek dalam penelitian tindakan sekolah ini adalah 10 orang guru  di SMP Negeri 2 Sidareja Kabupaten Cilacap terdiri dari 6 oarang guru laki – laki dan 4 orang guru perempuan.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dua siklus dan tiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan yang tiap siklusnya dilaksanakan melalui supervisi kelas. Teknik dan alat pengumpul data melalui tes dan non tes serta melalui observasi. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini apabila 85 % dari guru memiliki kompetensi untuk menerapkan model pembelajaran cooperatif  learning dan menunjukkan keaktifan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan keaktifan guru , dari 70 % pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 100 % pada siklus II, demikian juga dengan kompetensi  guru  pada siklus I mencapai 60%  meningkat menjadi 100 % pada siklus II. Dengan demikian melalui supervisi kelas  dapat meningkatkan kompetensi  guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran cooperatif learning.
A cavallo tra passato e presente con Oliviero Toscani di Martina Mondi e Silvia Nardi
Authors: Redazione
Published: November 2022

«La vita ha senso solo se si vive “contro”. Il conformismo uccide la creatività e finisce per annientare l’uomo. Chiunque sia incapace di prendersi dei rischi non può essere creativo »
IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND INPUT PARAMETERS SELECTION FOR STRATIGRAPHIC FORWARD MODELLING (SFM)
Authors: Boing J. V. L. , Soares A. P. , Bazzo B. M. , Bettú D. F. , Oliveira L. F. L. , Soares P. C.
Published: November 2022

In deep-water reservoirs, predicting geometry of sedimentary bodies and distribution of facies become inefficient due to data limitations. Stratigraphic forward modelling (SFM) appears as an alternate geological modelling method. High uncertainty is related to definition of input parameters and calibration of the SFM models. This study assesses responses and respective sensitivities of models from the Morro do Chaves Formation (Sergipe/Alagoas Basin) by carrying out SFM multi-realizations. These assessments allow the evaluation and reduction of uncertainties to define input parameters capable of generating models more suitable to the data observed.
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve İşsizlik: Geçiş Ekonomileri için Panel Simetrik ve Asimetrik Nedensellik Yaklaşımı
Authors: ÇİL Dilek
Published: November 2022

Çalışmanın amacı geçiş ekonomilerinde doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ile işsizlik arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin simetrik ve asimetrik açıdan incelenmesidir. Geçiş ekonomilerinde, yatırımlar için yeterli tasarrufun sağlanamaması sebebiyle doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri yeni yatırımların artması ve işsizliğin azalmasında önem arz etmektedir. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ile işsizlik arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı Dumitrescu ve Hurlin panel simetrik ve asimetrik nedensellik testi yardımı ile 1995-2019 dönemi için yıllık veriler kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Panel simetrik nedensellik test sonuçları işsizlikten doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını ortaya koymuştur. Diğer yandan panel asimetrik nedensellik test sonuçları ise işsizlik ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların pozitif ve negatif bileşenleri arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisini belirlemiştir. Diğer bir ifadeyle pozitif bileşen işsizlik ile pozitif bileşen doğrudan yabancı yatırım arasında ve negatif bileşen işsizlik ile negatif bileşen doğrudan yabancı yatırım arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulguların önemini, değişkenlerin ham halleri ile yakalanamayan ilişkilerin saklı ilişkide ortaya konması ve geçiş ekonomileri için işsizlik ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların karşılıklı ilişkisinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve işsizlik arasındaki geri besleme sürecinin belirlenmesi görünür ilişkiden daha büyük bir ilişkinin varlığına işaret etmektedir. Böylece ülke ekonomisine katkı sunan doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri işsizliği azaltma politikalarını destekleyecek ve geri besleme sürecinin işlerliği ile doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerine yönelik olumlu ekonomik durumu ortaya koymuş olacaktır.
LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR CERTAIN OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS STAGES
Authors: Лантух Н.В.
Published: November 2022

В статье осуществлена попытка выделения в отдельную правовую категорию института общих условий, которые действуют на любой стадии уголовного судопроизводства, однако на законодательном уровне регламентированы лишь на стадиях предварительного расследования и судебного разбирательства. Автор осуществляет анализ норм, устанавливающих требования, правила к производству по уголовным делам в каждой стадии уголовного процесса, их обусловленность принципами уголовного судопроизводства, во взаимосвязи с такими категориями уголовно-процессуальной деятельности, как ее задачи, содержание и процессуальный порядок, а также результаты.

The article attempts to separate into a separate legal category of the institution the general conditions that apply at any stage of criminal proceedings, but are regulated at the legislative level only at the stages of preliminary investigation and trial. The author analyzes the norms that establish requirements, rules for criminal proceedings at each stage of the criminal process, their conditionality by the principles of criminal proceedings, in conjunction with such categories of criminal procedural activity as its tasks, content and procedural order, as well as results.
STEM LEARNING AND LOOSE PARTS IN EARLY ELEMENTARY CLASSROOMS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: GULL Carla , LEVENSON GOLDSTEIN Suzanne , ROSENGARTEN Tricia
Published: November 2022

When elementary students learn STEM topics (especially science) early in their educational journey, they have the opportunity to develop a passion to promote their future academic, personal, and professional success. With many resources claiming to be STEM, it can be overwhelming and difficult finding specific classroom activities to establish an interest in the subjects. The use of loose parts can address challenges teaching STEM and meeting curriculum standards in elementary schools. To better understand STEM best practices, a scoping review was implemented. The key words “STEM,” “elementary,” and “science” yielded 1,955 publications, which were then narrowed down to 20 articles for in-depth review. The selected publications were analyzed for STEM activities using loose parts principles. This study establishes successful science activities, discusses challenges, and shares how loose parts could be used to improve learning and student engagement in science and STEM.
Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri Üzerine İnşa Edilen Bir Anlatı: Hikâye-i Neriman
Authors: BARS Mehmet Emin
Published: November 2022

Dede Korkut hikâyeleri Oğuznamelerin en önemli parçalarından birini oluşturur. İçerisinde zengin motifler barındıran hikâyeler uzun yıllar sözlü gelenekte büyük bir merakla dinlenmiş, yazıya geçirildikten sonra da yazılı kaynaklardan okunmuştur. Dede Korkut hikâyelerinin etkisi birçok yapıtta da görülür. Dede Korkut hikâyelerinde bulunan motifler manzum eserlerde, romanlarda, tiyatro eserlerinde, çocuk kitaplarında, filmlerde, plastik sanatlarda yeniden işlenmiştir. Hikâyelerin Türk dünyasındaki çeşitli anlatılar üzerinde etkisi olduğu gibi Türklerle ilişki içerisinde bulunan başka milletlerin anlatıları üzerinde de etkileri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Dede Korkut hikâyelerinin Hikâye-i Neriman adlı eser üzerindeki etkisi ele alınmıştır. Sonuçta Dede Korkut hikâyelerinin Hikâye-i Neriman adlı destanı etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu destan, Dede Korkut hikâyelerinde yer alan birçok motifi içerir. Dede Korkut hikâyeleri, Hikâye-i Neriman’ın şekillenmesinde en önemli kaynaklardan biridir. Destandaki olay örgüleri büyük ölçüde Dede Korkut hikâyelerinden alınan motifler etrafında inşa edilmiştir. Hikâye-i Neriman sözlü geleneğin dilsel unsurlarını da taşır. Bu unsurlar destanın yazıya geçirilmeden önce sözlü gelenekte anlatıldığını gösterir.
Investigating pedestrian safety-related behavior in developing countries: Egypt as a case study
Authors: Bayomi Abduallah , Shawky Mohamed , Okail Mohamed , Osama Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Understanding pedestrian behavior and road safety culture is essential for improving traffic safety in developing countries. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the validity for applying the Pedestrian Behavior Scale (PBS) in Egypt to explore the pedestrian behaviors in developing countries and to investigate the relationship of these behaviors across demographic variables. A Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) was conducted in Egypt containing behavioral items and demographic questions with a total of 567 participants. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to assess the number of behavioral factors that express the pedestrian behaviors. The analysis showed that the Egyptian pedestrian behaviors consist of four factors, including transgressions (violations and errors), lapses, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors. T-test and ANOVA were conducted to explore the significant difference across gender, age groups and education level. Furthermore, linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate how the examined variables influence the behavioral factors. The current study showed that the Pedestrian Behavior Scale (PBS) is an effective tool for investigating Egyptian pedestrian’s behaviors. This study added a validation for applying the PBS to explore the pedestrian behaviors in developing countries such as Egypt and to understand the variables affecting the pedestrian behaviors. The findings can be used by infrastructure agencies to enhance educational road safety programs and enact appropriate laws, which could reduce the number of pedestrian-related crashes.
INCIDENCE OF TIBIAL DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH MOTORCYCLE ACCIDENTS
Authors: Ali Pervez , Mian Sajjad  , Kashif Mehmood Khan  , Riaz Khoso  , Ejaz Matlo  , Kashif Murtaza  , Dost Muhammad  , Abdul Rasheed  , Zain Zafar  , Nasir Somroo
Published: November 2022

Background: To determine the frequency of tibial diaphyseal fractures among patients presenting with motorcycle accidents. It was a cross-Sectional Study, conducted at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi between May to December, 2020. Methods: All patients irrespective of gender, between ages 18-60 years who suffered from a motorcycle injury with a single bone involvement were eligible for the study. All patients who refused to take part in the study, had head injury, or had multiple fractures were excluded from the study. The data included patient's age, sex, associated bones involved and types of injury. The fractures were classified according to whether it was open or closed. Results: A total of 174 patients were included in the study with a mean±SD age of 43.7±12.4. Tibial diaphyseal fracture was found to be in 111 (63.8%) patients as shown. Duration of fracture, gender, side of fracture, type of fracture was done with respect to Tibial diaphyseal fracture among patients. Insignificant difference was noted in age group (p=0.346), duration of fracture (p=0.087), gender (p=0.672), and type of fracture (p=0.063) whereas significant difference was found in side of fracture (p=0.0001). Conclusion: We highlighted the importance of tibial diaphyseal fractures in middle aged men who use motorcycles as a means of transport in Karachi, Sindh which is a frequent finding among these patients. Efforts should be made at both the community and government levels to increase awareness regarding traffic rules and consequences of reckless driving.
EFFICACY OF PANBIOTM COVID-19 AG RAPID TEST IN SARS-COV-2 DETECTION: COMPARISON WITH RT-PCR TEST
Authors: Shabana Asif  , Aashi Ahmed  , Gul Ambreen , Tariq Abbasi
Published: November 2022

Background: Evidence on performance of Rapid Antigen Detection Tests to recognize SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic patients in our context is limited. This study was aimed to evaluate Panbio„¢ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device (Abbott Diagnostics, Jena, Germany) in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison with RT-PCR test. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was carried out at Margalla Hospital, Taxila from October, 2020 to March, 2021. Three hundred and eighty-two participants of both gender and all ages, symptomatic for 3-4 days were included in this study. For each participant, two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected by trained lab technicians according to SOPs, one for Rapid Antigen Test and other for RT-PCR.Covid-19 antibodies were checked 4-6 weeks after symptoms among 77 randomly selected participants to further evaluate the performance of Rapid Antigen Test. Data was analyzed using SPSS-26. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.1 years (SD= 15.9). More than half of participants were males (n=213%=55.8) and 169 (44.2%) were females. Sensitivity of Rapid Antigen Test was calculated to be 94.3%, whereas the specificity was 39.7%. Out of 34 RT-PCR negatives that were initially detected positive on Rapid Antigen Test, 33 demonstrated presence of COVID-19 antibodies. Conclusion: Panbio„¢ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test was found to have 93.4% overall sensitivity and relatively low overall specificity (37.9%). Rapid antigen testing using Panbio„¢ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device can be effectively used to scale up mass testing to interrupt transmissibility of COVID-19 infection by generating quick result.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF n- HEXANE FRACTION AND CRUDE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WITHANIA COAGULANS IN BALB C MICE -A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Falak Naz  , Imtiaz Humaira , Sumaira Javed  , Zainab Rehman  , Shazia Iftikhar  , Waqas Ahmad  , Muhammad Junaid  , Sarosh Asghar
Published: November 2022

Background: Withania coagulans is one of the most important medicinal herbs due to its wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of crude methanolic extract versus n- hexane fraction of fruit of Withania coagulans in CCl4 induced liver toxicity Methods: This study was done on 36 Balb c mice in Department of Anatomy of Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Results: The mean serum of Group 1(control Group) was 33.41±1.82U/L, for Group 2 (CCl4 treated Group) was 89.01±7.51 U/L, for Group 3(low dose Group) was 49.91±3.48 U/L and for Group 4 (High dose Group) was 50.86±4.87 U/L. There was significant difference in the readings of Group1 and Group 2 which indicated CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity in two groups. There was significant difference in the values of Group 3 and Group 4 (p-value .000), showing the hepatotoxicity in these Groups was further enhanced. The mean AST at the end of six weeks for Group1 was 26.80±3.21U/L, for Group 2 was 149.01±13.63U/L, for Group 3 (including both low doses) was 70.81±7.92U/L and for Group 4 (High doses group) was 51.01±11.05U/. Conclusion: Withania coagulans both fractions have hepatoprotective effect against CCL4 induced hepatic toxicity in high and low doses in Balb c mice.
CORRELATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR) ESTIMATION FORMULAE WITH MEASURED GFR IN PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY PATIENTS
Authors: Pervez Shazia , Anjum Misbah , Bibi Safia , Kulsoom Shazia , Hussain Wajid , Naeem Bilquis
Published: November 2022

Background: In patients with malignancy accurate assessment of renal function is important for administration of chemotherapeutic medicines. Measurement of GFR by inulin, EDTA clearance, iohexol and 24 hrs urinary creatinine clearance (Crcl) is cumbersome so creatinine based GFR formulas have been developed for assessment of kidney function and there are variety of GFR formulas available for clinical use. Objective was to determine the correlation of estimated GFR by creatinine-based estimation formulae with measured GFR by 24-hours creatinine clearance. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in which all patients who underwent measured GFR (mGFR) assessment at Oncology Unit of NICH between 1st January to 31st December 2019 were enrolled in the study. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of all these patients was calculated by three formulae Original Schwartz (OS), Updated Schwartz (US) and simple height independent equation (SHID). Correlation was made with mGFR by Crcl taken as gold standard using Pearson’s correlation and Linear regression analysis. Bland Altman analysis was also done to see the agreement between eGFR with mGFR. Results: Total sixty (60) patients were enrolled with mean age of 8.2±3.6 years. All three eGFR formulae exhibited a statistically significant positive correlation with mGFR (p-value <0.01). Linear regression analysis also showed a statistically significant relation between mGFR and eGFRs however, the developed regression models for all three formulae showed a low R2 values. Bland-altman analysis revealed that useful level of agreement does not exist between mGFR and eGFR by OS however, SHID and US were found to be in agreement with mGFR by Crcl. Conclusion: SHID and US equations give a good estimate of GFR and may be used in children with malignancies to estimate GFR.
FREQUENCY OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL RUPTURE AS A COMPLICATION OF ACUTE ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Shahsawar  , Mati ur Rehman  , Muhammad Hammad Sharif  , Zeeshan Afzal
Published: November 2022

Background:  Nearly one-third of the world's population dies from cardiovascular disorders, the majority of which are caused by stroke and coronary artery problems and 80 percent of these fatalities occur in impoverished countries. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of ventricular septal rupture in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction presenting to cardiology unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Methods: This was descriptive cross sectional research study at the Department of Cardiology, MTI-Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from January to July 2020. Detailed history was obtained including duration of symptoms, co-morbidities present and occupation. A thorough clinical examination was done for signs of heart failure and ventricular septal rupture. Patients' demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded on a pro forma. All the data was analyzed statistically by using SPSS version 24.0. Results: A total of 179 patients were included in our study. Ventricular Septal Rupture (VSR), was recorded in 7 (3.9%) patients having Acute ST elevation of MI. In our study age, obesity, reperfusion therapy, location of MI and history of previous shock were observed to be non-significantly (pË‚0.05) associated with high incidence of Ventricular Septal Rupture in patients having Acute ST elevation of MI. Conclusion: According to our findings, individuals with PI-VSR have a significant risk of acute-phase death. Furthermore, a significant incidence of acute-phase fatalities has been related to female gender and severe cardiac failure upon admission.
A STAB IN THE FORBIDDEN TERRITORY
Authors: Tariq Khuzaima , Asmat Achakzai  , Muneer Amanullah  , Asad Awan
Published: November 2022

Penetrating heart injuries are associated with higher mortality rates.  Coronary lesions caused by penetrating trauma are considered even rarer and universally fatal. We present a case of a fortunate survivor who had complete transection of left anterior descending (LAD) artery with right ventricular (RV) tear after being stabbed by knife, arriving in emergency unit with massively bleeding chest wound. Complex cardiac trauma involving coronaries and cardiac chambers is a challenge to surgeons if patients miraculously reach the hospital alive. This patient had complete transection of LAD artery with penetration into RV cavity, he was successfully managed by timely and prompt surgical intervention by on call team. This case highlights the importance of team dynamics working in harmony during emergency situations, we stress upon conducting routine drills to train surgical residents, perfusionists and operation theatre staff.
EFFECT OF THE FLAVONOID 6-AMINOFLAVONE IN ASPIRIN-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN SPRAGUE-DAWELY RATS: A HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Tahira Mehreen  , Aamir Shabnum , Nadeem Ali Shah  , Muhammad Shahid  , Irum Javaid  , Munayal Roghani  , Arslan Roghani  , Faizan Roghani
Published: November 2022

Background: The analgesic drugs are the main cause of gastric ulcer. The objective of this study was to determine the gastroprotective ability of flavonoid, 6-aminoflavone in a rat pyloric ligation model of aspirin associated gastro-ulcerogenesis. Methods: A laboratory based experimental study was conducted in the animal house and research laboratory at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from July to November 2019. A total of 42 adult male Spargue-Dawely rats were divided into seven groups. Flavonoid, 6-aminoflavone was administered orally in doses of 10, 25 and 100 mg/kg with misoprostol, as standard at 50 µg/kg orally for 4 days. On the last day aspirin was given orally at 200 mg/kg and the pyloric ligation surgery was performed. After 4 hours all animals were killed by cervical dislocation. The gastric tissues were collected for histomorphological study. The obtained data were expressed as mean±SEM. Analysis was carried out by using ANOVA.  p value Ë‚0.05 was considered significant. Results: The animals treated with the different doses of 6-aminoflavone showed a marked protective effect in the histological observations. The 10 mg/kg dose had a mild protective effect as occasional ulcerative changes were observed. However, doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg significantly caused the reduction in the ulcer score. These effects produced were equipotent to the gastroprotective effectiveness inherent in the misoprostol. Conclusion: These findings conclude that 6-aminoflavone as like other flavonoids has a significant gastroprotective propensity with significant effect produced at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg and can be used as a part of therapy management for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease particularly ulcerative condition.
CYTOGENETIC PROFILE OF ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH INDUCTION REMISSION STATUS
Authors: Niaz Hina , Hamid Saeed Malik  , Rafia Mahmood  , Asad Mehmood  , Umarah Nisar  , Saniya Jalil
Published: November 2022

Background: To determine the cytogenetic abnormalities in patients of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia as a predictor of response to induction chemotherapy.It was a descriptive cross sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi over a period of six months from June to November 2019. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of newly diagnosed 80 patients of all the age groups and either gender, who received one month treatment for ALL,were analyzed for cytogenetic study. Patients who were previously diagnosed with ALL, who presented with relapse and those who required induction treatment outside the trial hospital were excluded. UK ALL 2011 treatment protocol was adopted for patients up to 25years old and for patients above 25years old UK ALL 2014 treatment protocol as induction chemotherapy was adopted. Evaluation for remission was carried out at the termination of initial induction chemotherapy on day 29 of treatment. Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study, comprising 36(45%) females & 44(55%) males. The median age of paediatric patients was 5years (<19 years) who were 56/80(70%) in number whereas the median age of adults was 27 years (>19 years) who constituted 24/80 (30%) of the participants. Cytogenetic of 51(63.75%) patients revealed hyperdiploidy (chromosome number 51-66) whereas 29(36.25%) of the participants had miscellaneous mutations [(Hypodiploidy, t (9; 22), t (1; 19) and t (12; 21)]. On immunophenotyping 51/80 (63.7%) of the leukemias were of B cell origin and 29(36.25%) of T-cell origin.Conclusion: Patients with hyperdiploidy, t(12;21)ETV6/RUNX1 and t(1;19)TCF3/PBX1 had better prognosis and higher remission rate compared to those with the other mutations like t(9;22)Ph+ and hypodiploid which were associated with poor prognosis. Association of gender with remission was not statistically significant.
EFFECT OF DENTAL PROXIMAL RESTORATIONS ON PERIODONTAL HEALTH IN PATIENTS
Authors: Bushra Irum  , Muhammad Asif  , Bakhtawar Mumtaz  , Naveed Aslam
Published: November 2022

Background: The oral cavity is colonized by more than 700 species of bacteria and hundreds of those can be present within oral biofilms. Objective was to determine the frequency of periodontal attachment loss in patients with dental proximal restorations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with Class II (mesial /distal or mesio-occluso-distal composite and amalgam restorations. The minimum duration of pre-existing restoration for which periodontal attachment loss was assessed was more than 3 months. Patients wearing orthodontic appliances, pregnant women, patients having systemic health problems with well-established links to periodontal diseases such as diabetes mellitus and patients who had received periodontal treatment within the last 3 months were excluded. Periodontal Pocket depth and bleeding on probing was recorded using WHO periodontal probe. Pocket depth greater than 3 mm was considered pathologic. The data were analyzed using the SPSS, version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed. Chi square test was applied to compare the effects of duration of restoration and type of teeth on periodontal attachment loss. Results: Of total 100 participants 65 (65%) were males and 35 (35%) were females. The mean age was 30.74±9.21 years. In 14% cases having class II or Mesio occluso distal restorations normal pocket depth was recorded while 86% had pathologic pockets. Teeth where proximal restorations were present for more than one year were most commonly associated (29%) with pathologic pockets followed by proximal restorations which were present for three months (25%). As the duration of proximal restoration increased, the frequency of periodontal pathologic pockets increased (p<0.001) The prevalence of periodontal pocket was more in molars than premolars (p<0.001). Conclusion: Proximal restoration can be a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Strict oral hygiene, proper design of restoration margin and supportive periodontal therapy is the utmost responsibility of the clinician.
COMPLIANCE TO COLONOSCOPY IN PATIENTS VISITING THE DEPARTMENT OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AT LADY READING HOSPITAL, PESHAWAR
Authors: Durrani Talha , Humayun Omama , Khan Osama Sherjeel , Qazalbash Zeeshan Ali , Durrani Daniyal , Imran Ullah
Published: November 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer is the largest cause of mortality in patients admitted to any Gastroenterology units. Diagnostic colonoscopy is a valuable tool for the disease's diagnosis and proper treatment but its compliance has been historically low. Our main objective was to find out social, cultural, and psychological barriers among those patients who finally did not show up for their colonoscopy appointment and, make a comparative analysis with those who did. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from October 2021 to March 2022, selecting 224 patients through consecutive sampling. Results: Out of the 224 patients included, males (48.2%) were more likely to show up for the procedure than females (51.8%) (p<0.05).  Overall, the most recurring barrier was a lack of knowledge with 116 (51.7%) for both the groups, but especially more for the non-compliant patients (p<0.05). Fear of results, fear of complications of the procedure, and affordability issues stood out as important differences between the compliant and non-compliant patients. Conclusion: For the country's healthcare to be able to overcome these problems, and enter an era where screening colonoscopy is a norm, mass education regarding the issue is imperative.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SUPINE POSITION VERSUS PRONE POSITION IN PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY: A SINGLE CENTERED ANALYSIS OF 623 CASES
Authors: Muhammad Nasir Jamil  , Haq Faheem ul , Ehsan ul Islam  , Robina Shaheen  , Umer Farooq
Published: November 2022

Background: The ideal urological method for treating complex, large renal calculi is Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Its instruments, surgical techniques, and positions have all been adjusted as a result of its ever-changing nature. In PCNL, the supine position is advantageous compared to the prone position due to its several advantages, including the absence of cardiopulmonary risks, fewer post operative complications and shorter operative time. This study was designed for comparison of PCNL in prone and supine positions. Methods: After receiving ethical and research committee approval, this retrospective cohort study (comparative study?) was conducted from 2015 to 2021. Out of 623 patients, PCNL in prone position was performed on 258 patients and 365 patients in modified supine position. The patients' demographics, stone size and location, number of tracts, operating time, hospital stay, stone clearance rate, and post-operative complications were all compared. Results: The gender and age of the patients, the size and number of tracts, and location of the stones were all comparable (p>0.05). Operative time for prone position was 82 min±2.49 SD VS 65 min±2.95 SD, for modified supine position, p<0.001), hospital stay was 58 hrs.±1.66 SD for prone VS 51 Hrs.±1.65 SD, for modified supine position, p<0.01) and analgesia requirements for prone position was 41% VS 23% for modified supine position, p<0.001). The stone clearance rate was 87% in supine position and 89% in the prone positioning group (p=0.47). Urinary leakage from tract site was 0.38% in prone vs. 0% in supine position and temperature >99 °F was 12.4% in prone vs. 11.3% in supine position were the most common post-operative complications. Angioembolization was not observed in either group. Blood transfusions were given to 4.26% in prone position and in 3.58% of cases in supine PCNL. Conclusion:  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine position had a short operating time, short hospital stays, and less analgesia requirements than PCNL in the prone position. In view of the above findings, supine PCNL is easy, quick to perform and having less complications rate as compare to Prone PCNL.
SPHENOID WING DYSPLASIA: REPORT OF 3 CASES
Authors: Muhammad Umar Qayyum  , Ehtesham Ehtesham ul Haq , Syed Atif Mahmood Kazmi  , Rubbab Zahra
Published: November 2022

Sphenoidal Dysplasia is the absence of complete or a part of sphenoid bone, most commonly the greater wing of sphenoid. It can occur as an isolated deformity or in Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1). Features of NF1 include cafÃ© au lait spots, inguinal or axillary freckling, neurofibromas, optic gliomas, scoliosis and tibial deformity. Our study is retrospective case series of 3 cases of Sphenoid wing dysplasia. There was 1 case of isolated bone defect, 1 case of NF-1 and 1 case of operated Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia involving the sphenoid wing. There were 2 primary operated cases while 1 was operated secondarily. There was resolution of pulsatile exophthalmos in patient with sphenoid and temporal bone defect. Patient with facial deformity NF1 was debulked to the satisfaction of the patient, the patient however declined surgery to correct the sphenoid bone deformity. The 3rd patient was a re-do surgery patient in which the previous implant material was removed and the CSF rhinorrhoea, the patient did not consent to the correction of vertical orbital dystopia. Sphenoid wing dysplasia is a complex deformity requiring multi-speciality care and treatment planning. With meticulous planning and surgery, good results can be achieved as shown in our case series.
HYPONATREMIA AS A MARKER OF COMPLICATED APPENDICITIS
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Umer , Asad Iqbal  , Murad Habib  , Muhammad Umar Nisar  , Afia Ayub  , Chaudhary Muhammad Amjad , Babar Sibghatullah
Published: November 2022

Background: The most frequent cause of paediatric acute abdomen is acute appendicitis. If acute appendicitis is not treated promptly, one third of cases progress to complicated appendicitis. Complicated appendicitis is associated with significant morbidity and its management protocol differs significantly from that of uncomplicated appendicitis. In this study, we assessed the relationship between serum sodium levels and complicated appendicitis. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from July to December 2020 at the Department of Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, The Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, on a sample size of 140 patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this study, we divided the patients into two groups. Group 1 had uncomplicated appendicitis and Group 2 had complicated appendicitis. These findings were then compared to preoperative serum sodium (Na) levels. Results: The median serum sodium level in group 1 (uncomplicated appendicitis) was 137.81 mg/dl, while in group 2 it was 131.35 mg/dl (Complicated Appendicitis). The sensitivity and specificity of serum sodium levels at a cut-off point of less than 135 mg/dl were 84.80% and 89.40%, respectively. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is currently thought to be a new marker for differentiating between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis. It is a low-cost, high-efficiency predictive marker for diagnosing and differentiating complicated appendicitis in children.
A Survey of International Public Sector Accounting
Standards
Authors: Prakash Dr. M. R. , Madhuri Mrs. G. , Agilandeswari Ms. K.
Published: November 2022

Globalization generates a verifiable upheaval and unavoidably impacts the
bookkeeping division. Thus, harmonization of national bookkeeping frameworks meets
with accomplishment under globalization. Bookkeeping techniques for neighbourhood
open parts can't be unaffected and International Public Sector Accounting Standards
(from this time forward IPSAS) have been gotten for a worldwide appropriation. This study
delineates the huge way of IPSAS, their general qualities and importance of them.
Additionally, cash‐basis and accrual‐basis measures will be called attention to. Moreover,
this study will allude to some theoretical issues about IPSAS, as a type of question to some
of their thoughts and objectives.
The Role of Human Resource Planning on the
Improvement of Employees’ Recruitment Process
Authors: Sarwary Khalilurahman , Faizi Faizulhaq , Banayee Mohammad Rafee
Published: November 2022

Human resource planning (HRP) is one of the most important human resource
tasks in the organization. Organizations relies much on human resource planning to
determine their current and future needs of manpower. HRP is a vital process in an
organization as it gives indication on areas of need. Human resource planning is a process
of forecasting the organization’s demand and supply of manpower needs in the present and
future. Recruitment involves finding and attracting right and qualified candidates to fill
the position in the organization structure. The purpose of this article is to investigate the
role and importance of the HRP to the employees’ recruitment and selection process. This
research was a disk study based on information from reliable books, articles and scientific
papers. Findings revealed that human resource planning in the organization improves the
process of recruiting volunteers and facilitates the selection of a qualified and right person
in the right place and at the right time. HRP is the heart of the organization and the
recruitment process and is the backbone of the organization. Without human resource
planning and effective employment policy, no organization can achieve to success and
development. When a position becomes vacant in the organization for any reason, the
human resources planning will inform the organization. In addition, HRP improves
performance, satisfaction, development, evaluation and appropriate maintenance and
protection of human resources in the organization.
Complot
Authors: Geelhoed Fiore , De Koster Margo , Cools Marc
Published: November 2022

Conspiracy: an introduction

This introduction offers an overview of current academic discussions about the term ‘conspiracy theory’, the historical development of conspiracy beliefs, and academic knowledge of the phenomenon. In addition, it addresses the relation between conspiracy thinking, state power, culture and deviance. The authors emphasize the need to move beyond a pathological view on conspiracy beliefs, to take them seriously and study them from a cultural and critical criminological perspective.
De Protocollen van de Wijzen van Zion
Authors: Cools Marc , Siegel Dina
Published: November 2022

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion – The eternal Judeo-Masonic conspiracy

The ‘Protocols of the Elders of Zion’ refer to a congress where the Jews allegedly discussed how they were going to conquer the world. Since its first publication, the text has been used as an instrument to justify antisemitism. Freemasonry was almost immediately pointed to as the instrument the Jews could use to achieve their goals. The Judeo-Masonic conspiracy was born and until today it continues to be one of the best known and most widely disseminated conspiracy theories. This contribution discusses the history of the ‘Protocols’ and Masonic rituals and symbols, respectively.
Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe
Authors:   ESSEM Research, United States (USA), Maes Stéphane H.
Published: November 2022

We start from a hypothetical multi-fold universe U_MF, where the propagation of everything is slower or equal to ‎the speed of light and where entanglement extends the set of paths available to Path Integrals. This multifold ‎mechanism enables EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) “spooky actions at distance” to result from local interactions ‎in the resulting folds. It produces gravity-like attractive effective potentials in the spacetime, between entangled ‎entities, that are caused by the curvature of the folds. When quantized, multi-folds correspond to gravitons and ‎they are enablers of EPR entanglement. Gravity emerges non-perturbative and covariant from EPR entanglement ‎between virtual particles surrounding an entity. In U_MF, we encounter mechanisms that predict gravity fluctuations ‎when entanglement is present, including in macroscopic entanglements. Besides providing a new perspective on ‎quantum gravity, when added to the Standard Model as (SMG), with non-negligible affects at its scales, and to the ‎Standard Cosmology, U_MF can contribute explanations of several open questions and challenges. It also clarifies ‎some relationships and challenges met by other quantum gravity models and Theories of Everything. It leads to ‎suggestions for these works. We also reconstruct the spacetime of U_MF, starting from the random walks of particles ‎in an early spacetime. U_MF now appears as a noncommutative, discrete, yet Lorentz symmetric, spacetime that ‎behaves roughly 2-Dimensional at Planck scales, when it is a graph of microscopic Planck size black holes on a ‎random walk fractal structure left by particles that can also appear as microscopic black holes. Of course, at larger ‎scales, spacetime appears 4-D, where we are able to explain curvature and recover Einstein’s General Relativity. We ‎also discover an entanglement gravity-like contributions and massive gravity at very small scales. This is ‎remarkable considering that no Hilbert Einstein action, or variations expressing area invariance, were introduced. ‎Our model also explains why semi classical approaches can work till way smaller scale than usually expected and ‎present a new view on an Ultimate Unification of all forces, at very small scales. We also explore opportunities for ‎falsifiability and validation of our model, as well as ideas for futuristic applications, that may be worth considering, ‎if U_MF was a suitable model for our universe U_real.‎
PROFIL TINGKAT KESULITAN GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS HOTS DILIHAT DARI DIMENSI PENILAIAN
Authors: Sufa Fatma Fela
Published: November 2022

Pembelajaran diadakan proses evaluasi atau penilaian bermanfaat untuk mendukung peningkatan dalam pembelajaran, dalam penilaian diperlukan adanya instrumen yang mendukung peserta didik untuk memiliki kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesulitan guru matematika Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kabupaten Tuban dalam menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dalam dimensi penilaian. Permasalahan kesulitan guru dalam dimensi penilaian pembelajaran HOTS tersebut dibutuhkan kemampuan guru untuk menilai hasil belajar, menilai proses pembelajaran, dan mengolah nilai dalam bentuk nilai persentase. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini mempunyai populasi yaitu guru matematika yang hanya mengajar padatingkat Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kabupaten Tuban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei angket melalui aplikasi Zoho Formulir dengan menyebarkan link angket. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tingkat kesulitan guru matematika Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kabupaten Tuban terhadap penerapan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dilihat dari dimensi penilaian pada kategori “sangat sulit” sebesar 0% (0 guru), kategori “sulit” 39% (13 guru), kategori “cukup sulit” 61% (20 guru), kategori “tidak sulit” 0% (0 guru), “sangat tidak sulit” 0% (0 guru), jadi tingka kesulitan guru matematika dalam penerapan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS dilihat dari dimensi penilaian masuk dalam kategori cukup sulit.

Kata Kunci: HOTS, Penilaian Pembelajaran, Kesulitas Guru.
THE ROLE AND READINESS OF LIBRARIANS IN PROMOTING DIGITAL LITERACY: A CASE STUDY FROM LATVIA
Authors: Spurava Guna , Kotilainen Sirkku , Holma Baiba
Published: November 2022

Rapid development of digital technologies significantly transforms the world, and it demands new approaches to the education. Formal education systems are not ready to provide digital skills needed for citizens to follow those changes. Informal, nonformal and lifelong education become more significant source of knowledge in this area and public libraries as well as librarians are expected to play a significant role in promoting of digital literacy. The main goal of this study is to understand the readiness of librarians from public libraries to be promoters of digital literacy and their awareness about their role in this context. Discussion in this article is based on findings of a case study in Latvia. Data were collected using qualitative research methods including focus group discussions with library experts and in-depth interviews with librarians from public libraries. Research results indicated that librarians do not have a clear understanding of their role, rights and responsibilities in supervising of young people`s digital activities in public libraries. Non-awareness of their role as mediators of digital literacy together with lack of time and insufficient technological preparedness seem to create a risk for librarians to a giving-up attitude, but if not giving-up then applying restrictive mediation practices. Results indicated that active, collaborative mediation practices are still in the evolving stage. Research results suggested that it is very important to support librarians via providing them opportunities to participate in professional development programs raising awareness about their role as mediators of digital literacy and increasing their readiness for that role.