bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Culture in Precolonial Taiwan
Authors: Joby Christopher
Published: May 2024

Central to food culture are food practices that encompass any activity in which food is involved. Furthermore, food culture studies analyse the many meanings generated by these practices. This article explores food culture in precolonial Taiwan. It charts the meanings generated by the food practices of the Siraya, a Formosan ethnic group who lived in southwest Taiwan and had intensive contact with Dutch East India Company colonisers and an array of Chinese in the seventeenth century. The article analyses the rich variety of edible animals, plants, and fish, and drinks available in Taiwan before focusing on Siraya food practices and the meanings generated by these practices. These include the use of food for sacrifice, funeral rites, gifting, and exchange. The article also examines taboos around food and their social function. Furthermore, it compares Siraya food culture with that of other Formosan groups and pre-Columbian America.
A novel stochastic power flow calculation and optimal control method for microgrid based on multivariate stochastic factors fusion – Sensitivity
Authors: Shi HongTao , Zhu Jiahao , Feng Kun , He Zhuoheng , Chang Jiaming , Chen Tingting
Published: May 2024

The stochasticity of power flow of distributed generations (DGs) and load in the microgrid has great influence on power flow distribution and voltage quality of the distribution network. For improving the voltage quality of the distribution network, the questions need to be further studied, which include the description of the stochasticity of the power flow in the microgrid and the impact of the microgrid into the distribution network on the power flow. Therefore, a novel stochastic power flow calculation and optimal control method for the microgrid based on multivariate stochastic factors fusion-sensitivity (MSFF-sensitivity) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multivariate stochastic factors fusion (MSFF) function is developed by using the probability density function to extract the stochasticity and correlation of power flow among different stochastic factors in the microgrid, which are effectively unified. Furthermore, the fusion-sensitivity (F-sensitivity) of the power flow in the microgrid integrated into the distribution network is constructed to accurately characterize the influence degree of various stochastic factors in the microgrid on the power flow of the distribution network. Based on this, the output power of the stochastic factor is adjusted to optimally control the power flow of the distribution network. Finally, the algorithm verification suggests that, compared with the conventional power flow methods, the method proposed in this paper is more suitable for the microgrid. The influence of stochastic power flow on the distribution network can be effectively reduced and the voltage quality of the distribution network can be improved by optimizing control of the power flow in the microgrid integrated into the distribution network.
Emotional Energy: When Customer Interactions Energize Service Employees
Authors: Cayla Julien , Auriacombe Brigitte
Published: May 2024

Existing literature has concluded that employees who regularly interact with customers often find this central aspect of their work emotionally draining. But what if some customer interactions could emotionally regenerate service employees? This ethnographic research demonstrates that several factors influence emotional energy in service interactions, including staff copresence with customers, mutual focus, shared mood, and barriers to outsiders. In addition, service employees’ experience of autonomy and status in interactions plays an important role in influencing their emotional energy. Based on these insights, this study advances a framework for service organizations to manage a crucial asset: the emotional energy of frontline service employees.
Self-Donations and Charitable Contributions in Online Crowdfunding: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Liu Zhuping , Gao Qiang , Rao Raghunath Singh
Published: May 2024

Many charitable projects have started using online crowdfunding platforms to raise donations. The rise of these platforms as fundraising vehicles has been partially driven by easy access to a large pool of potential donors without the significant marketing costs that commonly accompany traditional fundraising. However, such a low cost of entry also results in a significant “crowding” of projects, making it difficult for donors to decide which projects to donate to. Thus, a charitable project encounters a fundamental marketing challenge of standing out from other projects when conventional techniques like advertising and promotion are limited. In this article, the authors posit that a project can credibly signal its quality via a strategy of “self-donation,” whereby the project steward donates to their own project. The empirical setting is an online education crowdfunding platform. By examining millions of donations, the authors find that self-donations improve the donation pace, contributed amount, and funding success. The findings show that the self-donation strategy works only when a self-donation is visible to potential donors and is especially effective at the early stage of the funding cycle or when project stewards are inexperienced, where the projects face significant uncertainty. The authors find evidence for self-donation as a quality signal through various observable proxies like impact letters to donors and corporate matching. Overall, the findings are consistent with a signaling mechanism that allows the separation of high-quality projects from lower-quality ones.
Emotion norm violations in small communities: The Carter-Brezhnev hotline correspondence
Authors: Simon Eszter , Simon Agnes
Published: May 2024

How do international actors move from milder to more serious measures as they handle emotion norm violations that parallel behavioral norm infringements in small communities that would collapse if community members ejected the violator? Here, we trace this process analytically by examining the interaction between President Carter and General Secretary Brezhnev via the Moscow-Washington hotline, which we conceptualize as a small emotional community of Soviet (now Russian) and American leaders of the past, present, and future. Our findings suggest that one community member’s initial mild and tacit demands that the violator emote as expected are followed by other community members in turn committing emotion norm violations, which then erodes these norms. We conclude that such small emotional communities may only survive repeated violations if, at some point, the ejection of the violator becomes possible – for example, following an election loss by the violator – without causing the collapse of the emotional community.
Academic Freedom and Patterns of Self-Censorship in Psychology Education in Turkey
Authors: Hünler Olga S. , Namer Yudit , Düzen N. Ekrem
Published: May 2024

Background

The recent academic purge in Turkey eventuated by a twin wave starting in January 2016 was unprecedented. Two years of statutory rule after the July 2016 failed coup further damaged the rule of law. Even the legal authorities did not respect fundamental human rights. Psychology faculty had to keep a low profile to avoid further encroachments.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which psychology faculty discerned research and teaching-bound sociopolitical risks and exercised mitigation strategies.

Method

Sixty-three faculty responded to a questionnaire assessing risk appraisals and mitigation appeals countering threats to their research and teaching.

Results

Faculty remained inactive against high-risk appraisal in research and appealed to avoidance or vagueness when their risk appraisals were moderate. By contrast, avoidance was the primary strategy, compared to vagueness or inaction, in risk-bearing teaching.

Conclusion

Faculty try to cope with the adverse negative intellectual climate by being highly selective in their research and teaching. They appeal to differential strategies in either domain.

Teaching Implications

Research in risk apprehension and mitigation along with studies highlighting shared experiences may inform psychology departments on how to proceed under antagonistic circumstances.
Body Mass Index Greater Than 46 Associated With Increased Risk of 30 Day Complications Following Adult Tonsillectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ramesh Abhisri , Abraham Thomas
Published: May 2024

Background: The study aimed to identify data-driven body mass index (BMI) thresholds that are associated with varying risk of 30 day complications following adult tonsillectomy. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was utilized to conduct a retrospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing adult tonsillectomy from 2005 to 2019. Stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR) analysis was conducted to determine data-driven BMI strata that maximized the likelihood of 30 day complications following adult tonsillectomy. Patient demographics and clinical comorbidities were compared using chi-squared analysis and student t tests, where appropriate, for each stratum. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to confirm association between identified data-driven strata with 30 day complication rates. Results: In total, 44,161 patients undergoing adult tonsillectomy were included in this study. SSLR analysis identified 2 BMI categories: 18 to 45 and 46+. Relative to the 18 to 45 BMI cohort, the 46+ BMI cohort was more likely to have 30 day all-cause complications after surgery [odds ratio (OR): 1.62, P = .007]. Specifically, the 46+ BMI cohort had significantly higher odds for 30 day major medical complications (OR: 2.86, P = .001), pulmonary domain complications (OR: 1.86, P = .041), unplanned reintubation (OR: 2.65, P = .033), and deep vein thrombosis (OR: 6.54, P = .026). Conclusions: We identified a BMI threshold of 46+ that was associated with a significantly increased risk of 30 day all-cause complications following adult tonsillectomy. These BMI strata can guide preoperative planning and risk-stratifying models for predicting 30 day complications in tonsillectomy surgery.
Charting Work Arrangements and Family Configuration over Our Working Lives
Authors: Han Wen-Jui , Wang Julia Shu-Huah
Published: May 2024

Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1979, we used sequence analysis to chart couples' work schedules and family configuration clusters between ages 22 and 53 ( n = 5263) to examine the association between family demands from marriage and childrearing and work arrangements between partners via a life course perspective by focusing on nonstandard work schedules, a vital indicator of precarious employment. We also explored whether such an association differs by race–ethnicity. Our sequence analyses uncovered six joint work schedule arrangements and six family configurations between ages 22 and 53, demonstrating the heterogeneity of family and work trajectories over working lives. We found married couples with two children later in life had relatively stable work patterns, whereas married couples with three or more children had the most diversified work patterns between ages 22 and 53. Furthermore, non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to have relatively vulnerable work patterns than their non-Hispanic White counterparts.
From the concept of threat to the common sense of societal threat: a qualitative inquiry of societal threats’ features / Del concepto de amenaza al significado lego de la amenaza social: un estudio cualitativo de las características de la amenaza social
Authors: Pelletier Petra , Drozda-Senkowska Ewa
Published: May 2024

The word ‘threat’ currently proliferates in the public sphere, which contributes to the large-scale information spread of societal threats of our time. However, the difference of common sense that laypeople attribute to the concepts of ‘threat’, ‘risk’ and ‘danger’ remains unclear. Therefore, this research aims to fill the social psychological knowledge gap and investigate laypeople’s common sense of ‘societal threat’. Participants ( N = 186) were asked to complete the word association task, and their narratives (N = 1,146) were analysed using two complementary research methods: the automatized methods of multidimensional analysis and the classic method of qualitative content analysis. The concept of ‘societal threat’ has been associated most frequently with specific large-scale societal issues that are tainted by uncertainty, and a range of primarily negative feelings and emotions. Additionally, the conceptually and semantically close concepts of ‘risk’ and ‘danger’ have not been associated, on the lexical basis, with the concept of ‘societal threat’. The implications for an improved systemic understanding of actual societal threats’ features and related social psychological applications are discussed.
The involvement of primary school pupils with visual impairment in extracurricular activities: Teachers’ perceptions and practices in Tanzania
Authors: Anselimus Sweetbert Mugizi , Kisanga Sarah Ezekiel
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study used a multiple case study to explore teachers’ perceptions and practices of involving visually impaired pupils in extracurricular activities in Tanzania’s special and inclusive primary schools. Data collected from teachers and pupils with visual impairments (VIs) using interviews, focus group discussions and observations were subjected to thematic analysis in accordance with the research objectives. The study found that teachers had similar views on the benefits of involving pupils with VI but varied perceptions of the modality of involving them. Moreover, the teachers performed several practices that do and that do not support the involvement of pupils with VI in extracurricular activities. It emerged that teachers’ perceptions inform their practices, which are vital in involving pupils with VI in school-based extracurricular activities. As such, it is pertinent for teachers to avoid negative statements that discourage pupils with VI from active participation in school-based extracurricular activities. Instead, they should establish inclusive plan amenable for pupils with VI to engage in these activities.
Optimal power dispatch in hybrid power system for medium- and large-scale practical power systems using self-adaptive bonobo optimizer algorithm
Authors: Kouadri Ramzi , Mouassa Souhil , Jurado Francisco
Published: May 2024

Incorporating renewable energy sources (RESs) introduces a notable amount of uncertainty in the optimal planning and operation of electrical power grids. Under these circumstances, this paper proposes the application of a recently introduced metaheuristic optimization technique to solve the stochastic optimal power flow (OPF) problem involving wind and solar power sources. The self-adaptive bonobo optimizer (SaBO) is used to minimize three distinct objective functions: (i) Total generation cost (TGC) minimization, including both thermal and wind/solar generation costs, (ii) Power loss minimization, (iii) Combined generation cost and emissions effect minimization. The costs associated with the stochastic generation of wind and solar power included direct costs, reserves and penalty costs from the overestimation and underestimation of available wind and solar power, respectively. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on two power systems: the modified IEEE 30-bus and the Algerian DZA 114-bus test systems. To demonstrate the efficacy of the SaBO, the obtained results have been compared with those obtained from the Kepler optimization algorithm (KOA) and other recently published optimizers under the same case studies and constraints. The comparative results clearly show the superiority of the SaBO algorithm over all other well-known optimization algorithms provided in the literature for solving the OPF problem. This is evidenced by minimizing total generation costs of 781.2363 $/h for the modified IEEE 30-bus and 16,706.1630 $/h for the Algerian DZA-114-bus system. Furthermore, the integration of RES led to a notable 2.33% and 11.67% reduction in total generation cost for the IEEE 30-bus and Algerian DZA 114-bus systems, respectively, compared to their initial configurations without RESs. The promising findings highlight the powerful of the optimizer to solve non-linear and complex optimization problems in power systems.
Investigating the Field Performance of High- Recycled Asphalt Pavement Mixtures with Bio-oil Recycling Agent
Authors: Bastola Nitish R. , Khedmati Mahdieh , Yazdipanah Farzad , Haghshenas Hamzeh F.
Published: May 2024

The use of recycling agents (RAs), along with recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) modifiers, has been increasing over recent years. However, the field performance of asphalt mixtures containing high-RAP materials modified with RAs has raised some concerns with the long-term performance of RAs. This study evaluated the laboratory and field performance of high-RAP mixtures with and without bio-oil RA. Five sets of plant-produced specimens were collected: 1) plant-produced laboratory-compacted; 2) field-compacted, cored after paving; 3) field-compacted, cored after one year; 4) field-compacted, cored after two years; and 5) field-compacted, cored after three years. The Hamburg wheel tracking test was used to evaluate the specimens’ resistance to rutting and moisture damage, while the semi-circular bending test was performed to examine the cracking resistance of specimens. The laboratory test results showed that using the bio-oil RA increased cracking resistance and decreased rutting and moisture damage resistance of the RAP-blended mixtures. However, after one and two years of exposure to environmental conditions and traffic loads, the specimens modified by RA showed better moisture damage and rutting resistance. The cracking resistance of laboratory and field-aged specimens, estimated by flexibility index, implied that the bio-oil RA used in this study could not provide long-term improvement for the RAP-blended mixtures. Field observations suggest that using bio-oil RA may have resulted in inferior pavement performance compared with the control section. However, drawing conclusions based on just two years of data might yield inconclusive results. Longer field performance monitoring is, therefore, warranted for a more comprehensive analysis.
How to Reduce the Number of Inspectors: Operation Mode and Modeling Simulation of Centralized Image Recognition in Railway Passenger Security Inspection
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhu Jiansheng , Li Chao , Tang Wen , Wang Jianchao
Published: May 2024

Security inspection is an essential step for passengers entering railway stations in China. Under the existing security inspection operation mode, each X-ray machine needs an image inspector to recognize the X-ray image, which poses the issue of resource optimization for inspectors. Based on the networking of security inspection X-ray machines, an innovative centralized image recognition (CIR) operation mode for railway security inspections is proposed, and it is worth noting that network and device failures are risk factors for this mode. The method for assigning image recognition personnel is designed to reduce labor force needed for security inspection. Using a combination of agent-based modeling method and computer simulation technology, the four elements of passengers, security inspection X-ray machines, X-ray image inspectors, and secondary baggage inspection personnel are modeled, and CIR indicators to study the effectiveness of the operation are designed. Based on the real departing passenger data of the Zhangjiakou section of the Beijing Zhangjiakou Line in China, simulation is conducted in two scenarios: large passenger flow and small passenger flow. The research is conducted from three aspects: operational efficiency, travel experience, and system complexity. Experiments have shown that, with a slight increase in passenger waiting time, the average number of X-ray image inspectors is reduced by more than 70% compared with the existing operation mode. The best pick-up location for passengers is related to passenger flow. The proposed model can analyze the effectiveness of CIR operation mode and provide decisive support for the application of CIR operation mode.
The recent turn in analytical sociology: The dismissal of general theories, mental states, and analytic philosophy – and the old issue of mechanism explanations
Authors: Opp Karl-Dieter
Published: May 2024

Analytical sociology is a sociological approach whose advocates share two methodological doctrines: sociology should be a rigorous discipline and focus on action-based explanations of social processes. This article analyzes some recent methodological innovations of analytical sociology: (1) it is proposed to abandon general theories, in particular rational choice theory. We raise several objections against this claim. The major argument for applying general theories is that an empirical comparison with middle range theories implies conditions for their modification and at the same time tests the general theory. Another flaw of the critique of rational choice theory is that the target is not a wide ‘bounded rationality’ version that is increasingly applied in the social sciences. Instead, an outdated narrow version is attacked; (2) a new demand is to give up explanations with mental states such as goals and beliefs and focus on situational factors. It is argued that this leads to false explanations because the impact of situational factors on action depends on mental states. Omitting mental states thus leads to invalid explanations; (3) a major unresolved issue is the thesis that mechanism explanations are a special kind of explanation that do not need to apply theories. It is shown why this demand is mistaken.
Older Parents to an Adult Child With Intellectual Disability: Balancing Dependence With Separation
Authors: Neuman Ran
Published: May 2024

This study focuses on the experiences of older parents who have an adult child with intellectual disabilities (ID), specifically exploring their overall experiences and relationships with their offspring. A qualitative methodology incorporating semi-structured interviews was employed. Participants comprised sixteen older parents to an adult child with mild to moderate ID living in a residential village. Participants described various challenges, including physical and health-related difficulties and loneliness. Interviewees also expressed positive life experiences, such as engaging in new activities and pursuits. Parents noted a newfound balance in their parent–child relationships, affording them more time for personal interests in older adulthood, which they found to be unique opportunities distinct from their earlier years. It is recommended that interactions between older and younger parents of children with ID be fostered, facilitating opportunities for the younger generation to benefit from the experiences of their more seasoned counterparts.
Genre as an Act of Positioning
Authors: Yu Danni
Published: May 2024

This article explores genres as recurrent acts of positioning that contribute to associating particular positions with the genre users as social actors. As an illustration, the study investigates the positioning of Chinese university presidents in their published opening convocation speeches. By combining rhetorical move analysis with the positioning triangle framework, this study demystifies three positions conventionally used by university presidents in the genre: guiding educator, morale builder, and university representative. These positions, legitimized by the role of the university president, establish specific types of social relations between the president and the students, which function as channels for the transmission of values, particularly collective values, to address relevant social expectations in Chinese society. This study suggests that the genre-based positioning analysis can offer valuable genre knowledge to novice practitioners, enabling them to familiarize themselves with adequate positionings that adhere to the code of conduct within a discourse community, thereby facilitating effective genre realization.
“I Don’t Feel Like It Is ‘Mine’ at All”: Assessing Wikipedia Editors’ Sense of Individual and Community Ownership
Authors: Yim Andrew , Vetter Matthew , Akiyoshi Jun
Published: May 2024

Given Wikipedia’s breadth of coverage, social impact, and longevity as an impactful open knowledge resource, the encyclopedia has been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary research. Building on scholarship related to collaboration, authorship, ownership, and editing in Wikipedia, this study sought to better understand Wikipedians as writers, paying specific attention to their sense of ownership. While previous research has shown that editors engage in individualist editing practices at times, often ignoring community-mediated policy regarding ownership, findings from a mixed-method survey of 117 editors demonstrate the existence of both “individual” and “community” notions of ownership that often reinforce, or mutually inform, each other. This study adds clarity to these issues by demonstrating how feelings of individual ownership, voice, and pride in writing often occur in collaborative circumstances. This research ultimately extends our understanding of collaborative writing in what is one of the most well-known collaborative websites. Despite contemporary theoretical strides advocating for relinquishing ownership concepts in favor of distributed or ecological frameworks, the concept of ownership remains prevalent within digital writing communities, exemplified by Wikipedia.
Gateways and Anchor Points: The Use of Frames to Amplify Marginalized Voices in Disability Policy Deliberations
Authors: Kamperman Sean
Published: May 2024

This essay analyzes the rhetorical framing tactics of a group of disability activists to understand how they use key words, topic shifts, and other framing maneuvers to amplify marginalized voices in public debates. Focusing on a town hall meeting and a legislator update meeting between activists and lawmakers, the author uses stasis theory to analyze how these maneuvers (1) create gateways for marginalized voices to enter the discussion and (2) anchor deliberations around topics of importance to the disabled community. This suggests a more complex role for framing in face-to-face deliberative contexts than studies of framing strategies in written texts have traditionally considered. I argue that a multidimensional view of framing uniting consideration of word choice with attention to interactive dynamics is necessary to appreciate how framing maneuvers can not only shape the content of debates but amplify the voices of people excluded by the tacit rules of democratic deliberation.
Situated Learning for Community Engagement: Chinese and Chinese Americans Transformative Action for Identity Reformation in the Context of the Politicalized COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sun Qi , Lin Xi , Zhang Xiaoqiao , Rui Rachel
Published: May 2024

This qualitative case study examines the learning experiences of self-organized Chinese and Chinese American adults from the X Care Group amid the political repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed how care group members created meaning in their daily life experiences, reformed their identity, and increased their Chinese and Chinese American visibility. Situated learning is employed to understand participants’ transformative actions through learning in their social engagement through their community of practice. These findings indicate that situated learning can lead to collective transformative action, personal and group growth in identity formation, and community engagement and social development through communities of practice. Subsequently, this study demonstrated how the X group learned to reform their new identities and respond to changes in their social environment. This study contributes to the collective dimension of situated learning theory and has implications for adult educators, researchers, and policymakers interested in fostering social change through community-based, situated learning.
Supratherapeutic INR During Treatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and Warfarin and Acute Illness With COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Dowd-Green Caitlin , Brown Dannielle , Wilson Alexandra , Streiff Michael
Published: May 2024

Background: Several studies have examined INR fluctuations using pharmacokinetic (PK) models or post-hoc INR values after completing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, but further study of the effects of the drug interaction with warfarin during treatment is necessary. Case Summary: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is largely utilized in the outpatient setting so data regarding INR trends in hospitalized patients on warfarin is limited. However, many who receive nirmatrelvir/ritonavir outpatient experience difficulty with presenting to clinic for INR checks due to feeling acutely ill along with isolation precautions. We present the case of a patient receiving warfarin and utilizing home INR testing for monitoring. After diagnosis of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), she was started on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir on day five after testing positive. Most recent INR prior to the start of therapy was 2.7 and had been stable on the same dose for months prior to infection. On day two of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, her INR rose to 4.0 on home point of care INR testing. Despite reducing her dose of warfarin by 15%, her INR remained supratherapeutic the day after completing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (4.0) and for several checks after. One month after completion of therapy, her INR returned to therapeutic levels. Practice Implications: While PK models and case series have hypothesized both potential increases or decreases in INR with the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and warfarin interaction, COVID-19 infection itself can cause several pharmacodynamic changes which can increase INR, including decreased appetite and, in severe cases, organ dysfunction. This case provides real-world insight into the drug interaction between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and the drug-disease state interaction between warfarin and COVID-19.
A failure analysis of foil journal bearing under low-speed operating conditions
Authors: Mourya Vishal , Bhore Skylab P
Published: May 2024

In this failure analysis, the bump-type foil journal bearing (BFJB) is developed with various foil materials such as spring steel EN42J, phosphor bronze, Inconel X750, and SS 316. Subsequent failure analysis of the BFJB is conducted under low-speed operating conditions to evaluate their rubbing performance using the RSM technique. The study examined rotor speed and load as variable parameters, with wear rate (WR) and surface roughness (SR) of the BFJB as output responses. Additionally, a thermal imager is used to measure the rubbing temperature of the BFJB. The results indicated that Inconel X750 demonstrated superior tribological characteristics for the BFJB. With an increase in load, the wear rate of the BFJB increased while the surface roughness decreased. Among all foil materials, Inconel X750 had the most significant impact on surface roughness. The optimal values for rotor speed (S) and load (P) to enhance BFJB performance are 500 rpm and 10 N, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the BFJB with Inconel X750 as the foil material exhibited a wear rate of 0.0150 mg/s and a surface roughness of 2.085 μm. Moreover, the BFJB made with phosphor bronze displayed the minimum rubbing temperature.
Interior noise prediction of inter-coach space of high-speed maglev trains based on wavenumber decomposition on aerodynamic excitation
Authors: Wang Rusi , Huang Jingyu
Published: May 2024

Current research on noise and vibration control of high-speed maglev trains pays more attention to far-field noise, while the level of interior noise has a direct impact on the ride comfort and should be placed equal weight on. In this paper, inter-coach space, one of the main pressure fluctuation sources of a specific type of high-speed maglev train with a design speed of 600 km·h−1, is taken as the research object. The turbulent and acoustic components of wall pressure fluctuations (WPF) are separated based on a wavenumber-frequency analysis approach, and then each component is applied as different forms of source input to the vibroacoustic model, namely, finite element method-boundary element method (FEM-BEM) and statistical energy analysis (SEA) for low- and high-frequency ranges respectively, to investigate the contribution of both components to interior acoustic cavity in all frequency range. It can be seen quantitatively from the results that the amplitude of turbulent component is generally much higher than that of the acoustic one, but it can be vice versa when it comes to the interior response. The conclusion drawn in this paper are able to provide guidance for future researches on more targeted interior noise control of high-speed maglev trains.
Neoliberalism, alternatives and (de)politicisation: Analysis of political discourse during the coronavirus crisis
Authors: Němcová Lucie
Published: May 2024

This study denaturalises the prevailing belief that crises bolster neoliberalism. It contends that context matters deeply – particularly in the lead-up to elections – and that not all politicians advocate a neoliberal agenda. Furthermore, it uncovers the cyclical relationship between (de)politicisation and coronavirus crisis in Czechia. The research employs discursive historical approach and critical discourse analysis to answer following research questions: 1) During the coronavirus crisis, did elite and expert discourse reinforce neoliberal hegemony or promote alternatives? 2) How did this manifest in their discourse? and 3) Was the crisis (de)politicised? The results show that the discourse of elites did not deepen neoliberalisation, since other discursive themes appeared. Politicians mostly used strategy of argumentation and intensification to legitimise measures, which the study describes in detail. Regarding (de)politicisation, a cycle occurred where the crisis was not politicised initially, but when vaccines were addressed, the crisis became a source of political conflict. With a new government coming in, the data suggest depoliticisation again.
Retiring Popper: Critical realism, falsificationism, and the crisis of replication
Authors: Archer Robert
Published: May 2024

The recent so-called crisis of replication continues to dominate psychology’s methodological landscape. It is argued here that the apparent renaissance of Popperian thinking that characterises some of the key responses to the crisis of replication is fundamentally flawed. In essence, there is a serious lack of any sustained and rigorous treatment of ontology that underpins much of the current debate about replication and Popper’s falsificationist approach. The overriding problem is that the replication debate reflects the methodologist tendency for mainstream psychologists to avoid or gloss over crucial ontological questions. In contradistinction, this article (a) underscores the primacy of ontology; (b) delineates and applies a critical realist stratified ontology to psychology; (c) utilises the latter as a springboard from which to argue for Popper’s methodological “retirement”; and (d) revindicates the indispensability of context and the subtlety of psychological phenomena in arguing for the intrinsic limits of replication and experimentalism in general.
Exploring sensemaking of trust through the lens of time: Finnish welfare professionals’ perspectives on institutional encounters with forced migrants in the neoliberal welfare state
Authors: Sundbäck Liselott
Published: May 2024

While attention has recently been given to the time sensitivity of trust, current research seems to fall short of examining welfare professionals’ experiences of the relation between trust and time. Therefore, this article employs an analytical lens of time and temporality to explore how welfare professionals make sense of trust and distrust in encounters with forced migrant service users in a changing neoliberal welfare state. Empirically, the analysis draws on semi-structured individual interviews with welfare professionals in employment and social service institutions in Finland. Theoretically, I apply a dual framework that leans on the interplay between trust and time. Recognising trust as relational yet fragile, contextual and dynamic, and viewing time as increasingly commodified and accelerated, I show how time impacts and shapes trust in institutional encounters. My analyses uncover four ways in which welfare professionals’ sensemaking of trust was linked to time. First, I show how the welfare professionals perceived the foundations of the trusting relationship in relation to time. Second, time and trust were interconnected in the efficient institutional tempo of encounters. Third, when the welfare professionals were replaced, trust was shaped negatively through disruptions to service user relationships in the series of institutional encounters. Fourth, I show how flows of institutional encounters shaped trust both positively and negatively. Thus, this article contributes to the literature on the intersections of trust, time and migration research, particularly in the transformation of the neoliberal Nordic welfare state context.
Did Precious Metals Serve as Hedge and Safe-haven Alternatives to Equity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Insights Using a Copula-based Approach
Authors: Banerjee Ameet Kumar , Pradhan HK
Published: May 2024

We examine the hedging and safe-haven characteristics of gold, silver, platinum, and palladium and three major indices in the US market. The metal markets are known for their hedging characteristics during financial distress. This article sheds new insights using high-frequency data into precious metals’ hedging and safe-haven abilities under extreme market volatility conditions attributed to the COVID-19 crisis using the copula method. The results show that gold outperforms all other precious metals in hedging and as a safe haven under extreme stock market conditions, in both the pre-crisis and crisis periods, with silver as the next best alternative.

JEL codes: G01, G11, G15, G19
Retrospective review of the pathology of American pikas
Authors: Barrett Adrienne , Holder Kali , Knowles Susan , LaDouceur Elise E. B.
Published: May 2024

American pikas ( Ochotona princeps) are small lagomorphs that live in mountainous talus areas of western North America. Studies on the histopathology of American pikas are limited. We summarize here the clinical histories, and gross and histologic findings of 12 American pikas, including 9 captive (wild-caught) and 3 wild animals. Death was often attributed to stress (transport, handling, anesthesia) with few-to-no premonitory clinical signs. Infection was the cause of death in 2 cases: 1 had bacterial pyogranulomatous dermatitis, cellulitis, and lymphadenitis with sepsis; the other case had oomycete-induced necrotizing colitis. Incidental parasitic infections included sarcocystosis, nematodosis (oxyurids), and ectoparasitism. Most animals with adequate nutritional status had periportal hepatic lipidosis; this finding was absent in all animals with adipose atrophy, and it is possible that periportal hepatic lipidosis is non-pathologic in American pikas. Three cases had myocardial necrosis that was considered the cause of death; the cause of necrosis was not determined, but it may have been caused by stress or vitamin E–selenium deficiency. Esophageal hyperkeratosis was noted in animals with a history of anorexia and negative energy balance; accumulation of esophageal keratin can result from lack of mucosal abrasion by ingesta. Several histologic findings that are likely normal in American pikas include splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, thymic tissue in adults, and Clostridium sp. in the enteric lumen.
A pendulum based frequency-up conversion mechanism for vibrational energy harvesting in low-speed rotary structures
Authors: Xian Weijie , Lee Soobum
Published: May 2024

Motivated to run a self-powering monitoring sensor on a wind turbine blade, this paper proposes a pendulum based frequency-up converter that effectively captures a low-speed mechanical rotation into high-frequency vibration of a piezoelectric cantilever beam. A system of governing equations for the proposed concept is developed to describe the motion of the pendulum, the vibration of the beam, and the voltage output of the harvester. Design optimization is performed to improve the power generation performance, and the simulation results are verified experimentally. We demonstrate the improved power density from the proposed concept compared to the disk driven frequency-up converters.
Role Dynamics as Evinced by Typically Developing Siblings in the Lives of Brothers or Sisters with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Niedbalski Jakub
Published: May 2024

The objective of the present study is to identify and outline the dynamics of the roles that siblings assume from their childhood to adulthood in interactions with a brother or sister with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. These roles are integrated into the system of the family of origin, as viewed by the siblings themselves. The research material comprised information obtained from typically developing siblings of persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Enrolled in the study were a total of 18 people. The analytical method relied on open and axial coding performed by means of grounded theory methodology procedures. This study allowed to identify three key dimensions relevant to role dynamics: the shifting competencies of siblings over time; the progressive increase in the siblings’ awareness of the significance of the role they played; the metamorphoses of how the siblings perceived the roles. This study demonstrates that the roles played by siblings are likely to change over the course of a lifetime. The findings yielded by the research presented reveal exactly how these roles evolve throughout the siblings’ lives. In line with the research outcomes, there emerges a clear pattern of a succession of roles, involving a gradually increasing degree of responsibility, embraced by the siblings as they grow up and mature.
Interplay of Family Dynamics and School Engagement in Self-Harm Adolescent: A Rapid Literature Review
Authors: Ye Minghui , Agarwal Nidhi
Published: May 2024

Little research has explored the synergistic links between the home and school environments of adolescent self-harm, the purpose of this PRISMA review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms by which the home and school environments influence adolescent self-harm behaviors, as well as how the two interact to influence adolescent mental health. The researcher published the study in PubMed and Web of Science databases was systematically searched for family environment and school involvement in adolescent self-harm, and a total of 40 studies met specific inclusion criteria. The study found that family environment and family cohesion and adaptability affect adolescents’ emotional coping skills, which in turn affects adolescents’ emotional engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement at school. The school environment also counteracts adolescents’ mental health, acting as a moderator to some extent. There is still a gap in research on family–school interactions, and future research on this topic is needed to provide effective prevention strategies for adolescents’ self-harm behaviors.
Maternal Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Chinese Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Jiang Yongqiang , Lin Xiuyun
Published: May 2024

Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) have a higher-than-normative possibility of being maltreated by their parents. Research has rarely examined the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment from parents to their children with ODD. This study examined the potential mediating roles of maternal and child emotion dysregulation in the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment from Chinese mothers to their children with ODD, as well as the potential sex difference. A sample of 155 children with ODD ( Mage = 9.56, SD = 1.59; 27.4% girls) and their mothers ( Mage = 36.58, SD = 4.21) was involved. Maternal history of childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, and current physical and emotional abuse were reported by mothers, while child emotion dysregulation was reported by mothers, teachers, and children. The results showed that both maternal and child emotion dysregulation related to the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment, in which only child emotion dysregulation worked as the mediator. And, no sex difference was found. The results are suggestive of the greater significance of child emotion dysregulation than maternal in the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment from Chinese mothers to their children with ODD.
Pathological Extramural Venous Invasion in High-stage Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder has Shorter Locoregional Recurrence-free Survival
Authors: Mohamed Khaled S. , Desai Ketav , El-Habashy Dina , Liu Shiguang
Published: May 2024

Extramural venous invasion is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancers; the pathological identification of extramural venous invasion in bladder cancer remains unclear. By focusing on high-stage urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, we provide insights into the pathological identification of extramural venous invasion in this particular clinical context. Clinical and demographic details and pathological reports were extracted from electronic medical records. Histological sections were reviewed for the pathological identification of extramural venous invasion. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier method. In patients with available follow-up data, 62% (n = 21) exhibited pathologically evidenced extramural venous invasion, whereas 38% (n = 13) did not. The extramural venous invasion positive group showed trends toward more advanced and pathological staging and a higher occurrence of extra-nodal extension. Positive margins were more frequent in the extramural venous invasion positive group (33%) compared to the extramural venous invasion negative group (8%). However, these differences were not statistically significant. Notably, all instances of recurrence were in the extramural venous invasion positive group of patients. The extramural venous invasion positive group of patients showed a significantly shorter locoregional recurrence-free survival ( P-value of 0.045). However, extramural venous invasion did not emerge as a significant factor in univariate analyses for recurrence-free survival. These findings highlight the potential role of extramural venous invasion as a prognostic factor in bladder cancer but underscore the need for further research with larger cohorts to confirm its significance.