bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Our Personality on Others: The Lithuanian Comprehensive Lexical Taxonomy of Social Effects
Authors: Volungevičienė Ana , Mlačić Boris , Gorbaniuk Oleg
Published: April 2022

Social effects represent the psychological (emotional, cognitive, and motivational) reactions evoked in other people by the expression of traits in behavior and emotion. From the transactional view on personality, studying the psycholexical structures of social effects can help to discover unique vs. common thought and behavior patterns, affects, and motivations, which are primarily related to personality dispositions. Thus, we developed the comprehensive taxonomy of social effects following the principles of the psycholexical approach. In the first study, two judges selected 9,625 person-descriptive terms—adjectives, type-nouns, attribute-nouns, and participles—from the Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language. In the second study, six judges classified all the selected descriptors using German psycholexical methodology. Finally, a principal component analysis was performed, followed by varimax rotation for the 208 social-effect descriptors, separately for ipsatized self-ratings and observer-ratings from 203 to 204 Lithuanian students, respectively. We found out that the five-component solution was the best fit for self-ratings, whereas for observer-ratings it was a four-component structure. In this article, we present the results from the factor analyses and discuss our findings in the context of previous studies, as well as cross-language personality models.
Prediction of Disorientation by Accelerometric and Gait Features in Young and Older Adults Navigating in a Virtually Enriched Environment
Authors: Teipel Stefan J. , Amaefule Chimezie O. , Lüdtke Stefan , Görß Doreen , Faraza Sofia , Bruhn Sven , Kirste Thomas
Published: April 2022

Objective

To determine whether gait and accelerometric features can predict disorientation events in young and older adults.

Methods

Cognitively healthy younger (18–40 years, n = 25) and older (60–85 years, n = 28) participants navigated on a treadmill through a virtual representation of the city of Rostock featured within the Gait Real-Time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL) system. We conducted Bayesian Poisson regression to determine the association of navigation performance with domain-specific cognitive functions. We determined associations of gait and accelerometric features with disorientation events in real-time data using Bayesian generalized mixed effect models. The accuracy of gait and accelerometric features to predict disorientation events was determined using cross-validated support vector machines (SVM) and Hidden Markov models (HMM).

Results

Bayesian analysis revealed strong evidence for the effect of gait and accelerometric features on disorientation. The evidence supported a relationship between executive functions but not visuospatial abilities and perspective taking with navigation performance. Despite these effects, the cross-validated percentage of correctly assigned instances of disorientation was only 72% in the SVM and 63% in the HMM analysis using gait and accelerometric features as predictors.

Conclusion

Disorientation is reflected in spatiotemporal gait features and the accelerometric signal as a potentially more easily accessible surrogate for gait features. At the same time, such measurements probably need to be enriched with other parameters to be sufficiently accurate for individual prediction of disorientation events.
Cartography: Innateness or Convergent Cultural Evolution?
Authors: Satık Deniz
Published: April 2022

Haspelmath argues that linguists who conduct comparative research and try to explain patterns that are general across languages can only consider two sources of these patterns: convergent cultural evolution of languages, which provides functional explanations of these phenomena, or innate building blocks for syntactic structure, specified in the human cognitive system. This paper claims that convergent cultural evolution and functional-adaptive explanations are not sufficient to explain the existence of certain crosslinguistic phenomena. The argument is based on comparative evidence of generalizations based on Rizzi and Cinque's theories of cartographic syntax, which imply the existence of finely ordered and complex innate categories. I argue that these patterns cannot be explained in functional-adaptive terms alone.
Green Credit Policy and Corporate Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence From China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Yun , Zhang Fengyun , Dou Huan
Published: April 2022

Using the promulgation of Green Credit Guidelines in China as the research setting, this paper exploits a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of green credit policy on the stock price crash risk of heavy-polluting firms. The results show that green credit policy significantly increases the risk of stock price crash of heavy-polluting firms. Such impact is transmitted through increased financial constraints and reduced information transparency. In addition, we find that the impact of green credit policy on the stock price crash risk is more pronounced in firms with weak external governance and a small size. Our findings provide policy implications for mitigating corporate risks and promoting corporate sustainability.
Influence of EFL Teachers’ Self-Assessment on Their Self-Regulation and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Huang Qian
Published: April 2022

This review aimed at investigating the related studies on English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ self-assessment and its role in their self-efficacy and self-regulation. Earlier investigations have proved that teacher self-assessment was significantly correlated with self-regulation. Moreover, studies showed that self-assessment and self-regulation enabled teachers to consider their teaching effectiveness, and they were important components of formative assessment. Earlier studies showed that self-assessment raised learner awareness and increased self-efficacy significantly through the improvement of mastery experiences. Furthermore, the study presented the implications and future directions of this line of research for different people, such as EFL teachers, teacher educators, and foreign language scholars. The ideas can improve their awareness of teacher self-assessment, self-regulation, and self-efficacy in educational contexts.
Attitude of Nutrition Experts Toward Psychotherapy and Virtual Reality as Part of Obesity Treatment—An Online Survey
Authors: Gemesi Kathrin , Holzmann Sophie Laura , Hochrein Regine , Döllinger Nina , Wienrich Carolin , Weinberger Natascha-Alexandra , Luck-Sikorski Claudia , Holzapfel Christina
Published: April 2022

Background

The management of obesity requires lifestyle-based interventions covering nutrition, physical activity, and behavior. As part of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), body image therapy approaches can be used not only by psychotherapists. One tool to conduct behavioral therapy is virtual reality (VR). It is unknown, whether nutrition experts conduct behavioral therapy, and whether they would like to use VR technology as a tool to conduct body image therapy as part of obesity management.

Objective

This survey aimed to collect data from nutrition experts treating people with obesity about the status quo regarding behavioral and body image therapy as part of obesity management, and regarding their attitude toward VR in obesity therapy.

Methods

The survey was conducted online in autumn 2020. Participants were recruited digitally through expert and professional associations. The standardized questionnaire included items concerning sociodemographic, professional status, behavioral therapy, body image, and VR. The descriptive analysis was performed with Excel, the subgroup analyses with R.

Results

Data from 158 nutrition experts was analyzed. Participants were mostly female (98/102, 96.1%) and had a mean age of 45.6 ± 11.3 years (n = 101). Most of the survey participants (93/124, 75.0%) stated to use behavioral treatment methods in case of weight reduction as the primary target. More than half of the participants stated to address body image (99/150, 66.0%). Almost all (111/112, 99.1%) nutrition experts have never used VR-glasses. The suitability and importance of VR technology as part of obesity therapy was estimated as neutral by around 50%. Overall, no statistically significant difference could be shown between age groups regarding attitudes toward VR in obesity treatment.

Conclusion

The results of this non-representative survey indicate that nutrition experts do not use VR technology in nutrition counseling sessions to treat obesity. In addition, survey participants have a positive attitude to VR technology, whereas they are not familiar with this technology. In future, VR technology might support nutrition experts of every age using elements of body image therapy.

Survey Registration

The German Register of Clinical Studies (Registration Number: DRKS00022853).
Depressive Symptoms and PANSS Symptom Dimensions in Patients With Predominant Negative Symptom Schizophrenia: A Network Analysis
Authors: Demyttenaere Koen , Anthonis Elizabeth , Acsai Károly , Correll Christoph U.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a large symptomatic heterogeneity. Moreover, many patients with schizophrenia present with comorbid psychiatric symptoms or disorders. The relation between depressive symptoms and negative symptoms, such as blunted affect, alogia, anhedonia, asociality and avolition, is particularly intriguing. The negative symptoms can be primary or secondary of depression or overlapping with depressive symptoms. The aim of the present network analysis was to better understand the interactions between depressive symptoms and the different symptoms of schizophrenia and to investigate whether negative symptoms and depressive symptoms can be better delineated.

Methods

A network analysis on the baseline item scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) from the cariprazine-risperidone study in patients with predominant negative symptoms (PNS) was performed. The connections between all these symptoms (PANSS and CDSS) were investiged: node strength and network centrality were estimated and the Mohr 5-factor model of the PANSS was applied to test the validity of its different symptoms clusters.

Results

Across 460 patients with schizophrenia and PNS, the most central symptom (largest node strength) was depression (PANSS) followed by depression (CDSS), anxiety, lack of judgment and insight and tension. The PANSS negative symptom cluster together and was only poorly connected with CDSS depresson symptoms. The Mohr 5 factor model was clearly recognized in the overall clustering of symptoms.

Conclusion

This network analysis suggests that depression and anxiety symptoms are the most central in this PNS patient population, despite the baseline low depression scores, and that negative symptoms are a clearly independent symptom cluster that can be delineated from depressive symptoms.
Temperament Dimensions and Awakening Cortisol Levels in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Carta Alessandra , Vainieri Isabella , Rommel Anna-Sophie , Zuddas Alessandro , Kuntsi Jonna , Sotgiu Stefano , Adamo Nicoletta
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate whether temperament dimensions, Effortful Control (EC), Surgency-Extraversion (SE), and Negative Affectivity (NA), are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how they relate to awakening cortisol levels, as a proxy measure of peripheral arousal.

Methods

Parent-rated temperament and saliva samples were collected from 55 children with ADHD and 65 age-matched controls.

Results

Compared to controls, youths with ADHD showed lower EC, higher NA, and lower awakening cortisol levels but did not differ in SE. Similar findings emerged in dimensional analyses linking temperament traits to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. The results remained unchanged when controlling for the presence of co-occurring opposition-defiance and anxiety traits, as well as medication status. Temperament dimensions were not associated with cortisol levels.

Conclusions

Poor temperamental emotional and cognitive self-regulation showed significant associations with ADHD but did not appear to be linked to the under-arousal typically seen in ADHD.
The Role of Developmental Assets in Gender Differences in Anxiety in Spanish Youth
Authors: Gomez-Baya Diego , Salinas-Perez Jose A. , Sanchez-Lopez Alvaro , Paino-Quesada Susana , Mendoza-Berjano Ramon
Published: April 2022

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological disorders during emerging adulthood. Some consistent gender differences have been reported in anxiety with women suffering more anxiety than men, which has detrimental consequences in most life spheres in the youth and later life stages. The understanding of the development of anxiety in emerging adulthood requires a developmental perspective. The Developmental Assets Theory was postulated to describe the individual and the contextual resources which may foster positive youth development and mental health. The present study aims to analyze to what extent the gender differences in anxiety may be partly explained by gender differences in developmental assets. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted in which a sample of 1,044 youths (75.5% women; age range = 18–28; M age = 20.47, SD = 3.08) enrolled in 11 universities from different regions in Spain filled in self-report measures of developmental assets and anxiety symptoms. The participants completed an online survey with the scales, Developmental Assets Profile developed by the Search Institute (1) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (2). The results showed more anxiety in the female subsample (at both the symptoms and clinical levels). Some gender differences in developmental assets were also observed. A partial mediation model, based on regression analyses, indicated that gender differences in anxiety were partly explained by gender differences in developmental assets. Thus, higher anxiety in the women was partly due to lower scores in positive identity and higher scores in positive values. These results suggested the need to design programs to prevent anxiety with specific measures for women youth to nurture positive identity and promote strengths and coping skills that allow them to get the benefits of well-being derived from positive values, thus, preventing worry and stress overload, which may lead to anxiety.
Concurrent TMS-fMRI: Technical Challenges, Developments, and Overview of Previous Studies
Authors: Mizutani-Tiebel Yuki , Tik Martin , Chang Kai-Yen , Padberg Frank , Soldini Aldo , Wilkinson Zane , Voon Cui Ci , Bulubas Lucia , Windischberger Christian , Keeser Daniel
Published: April 2022

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising treatment modality for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is widely used for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as depression, motor stroke, and neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of rTMS-mediated neuronal modulation are not fully understood. In this respect, concurrent or simultaneous TMS-fMRI, in which TMS is applied during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), is a viable tool to gain insights, as it enables an investigation of the immediate effects of TMS. Concurrent application of TMS during neuroimaging usually causes severe artifacts due to magnetic field inhomogeneities induced by TMS. However, by carefully interleaving the TMS pulses with MR signal acquisition in the way that these are far enough apart, we can avoid any image distortions. While the very first feasibility studies date back to the 1990s, recent developments in coil hardware and acquisition techniques have boosted the number of TMS-fMRI applications. As such, a concurrent application requires expertise in both TMS and MRI mechanisms and sequencing, and the hurdle of initial technical set up and maintenance remains high. This review gives a comprehensive overview of concurrent TMS-fMRI techniques by collecting (1) basic information, (2) technical challenges and developments, (3) an overview of findings reported so far using concurrent TMS-fMRI, and (4) current limitations and our suggestions for improvement. By sharing this review, we hope to attract the interest of researchers from various backgrounds and create an educational knowledge base.
Protocol for the CONNECT Study: A National Database and Prospective Follow-Up Study of Forensic Mental Health Patients in Germany
Authors: Tomlin Jack , Walde Peggy , Völlm Birgit
Published: April 2022

In Germany, the most frequently used legal section to order forensic mental health treatment is § 63 of the Penal Code (Strafgesetzbuch; StGB). This disposition is primarily aimed at individuals with major mental illnesses who are not fully responsible for a criminal act they committed. Despite evaluation and follow-up studies being conducted within individual hospitals or federal states we lack key epidemiological data on this patient group across the whole country. The present study aims to fill this gap by conducting an annual survey of all eligible forensic mental health hospitals to develop a database of basic clinical, legal and demographic data. Staff at participating hospitals will complete an online survey answering questions about individual patients using routinely collected hospital records. Over the duration of the study, eight-and-a-half years, we aim to collect data on approximatelyN= 6,450 patients. Alongside important clinical data, we will use official reconviction data at 3- and 6-year follow-ups to investigate the number and types of crimes committed by discharged patients. We aim to extend the scientific literature on factors associated with reconviction in the Risk-Needs-Responsivity model by also measuring the extent to which treatment engagement and programme completion during care predicts reconviction. This study protocol describes the background and theoretical framework for this study, its methods of data collection and analysis, and steps taken to ensure compliance with ethical and data protection principles.
Intergenerational Transmission of Effects of Women's Stressors During Pregnancy: Child Psychopathology and the Protective Role of Parenting
Authors: Ahmad Shaikh I. , Shih Emily W. , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Rivera Luisa , Graff J. Carolyn , Mason W. Alex , Karr Catherine J. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Tylavsky Frances A. , Bush Nicole R.
Published: April 2022

Objective

Experiences of stress and adversity, such as intimate partner violence, confer risk for psychiatric problems across the life span. The effects of these risks are disproportionately borne by women and their offspring—particularly those from communities of color. The prenatal period is an especially vulnerable period of fetal development, during which time women's experiences of stress can have long-lasting implications for offspring mental health. Importantly, there is a lack of focus on women's capacity for resilience and potential postnatal protective factors that might mitigate these intergenerational risks and inform intervention efforts. The present study examined intergenerational associations between women's prenatal stressors and child executive functioning and externalizing problems, testing maternal parenting quality and child sex as moderators, using a large, prospective, sociodemographically diverse cohort.

Methods

We used data from 1,034 mother-child dyads (64% Black, 30% White) from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) pregnancy cohort within the ECHO PATHWAYS consortium. Women's prenatal stressors included stressful life events (pSLE) and intimate partner violence (pIPV). Measures of child psychopathology at age 4–6 included executive functioning and externalizing problems. Parenting behaviors were assessed by trained observers, averaged across two sessions of mother-child interactions. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between women's prenatal stressors and child psychopathology, adjusting for confounders and assessing moderation effects by maternal parenting quality and child sex.

Results

Women's exposures to pSLE and pIPV were independently associated with child executive functioning problems and externalizing problems in fully-adjusted models. Maternal parenting quality moderated associations between pSLE and both outcomes, such that higher parenting quality was protective for the associations between women's pSLE and child executive functioning and externalizing problems. No moderation by child sex was found.

Discussion

Findings from this large, sociodemographically diverse cohort suggest women's exposures to interpersonal violence and major stressful events—common for women during pregnancy—may prenatally program her child's executive functioning and externalizing problems. Women's capacity to provide high quality parenting can buffer this intergenerational risk. Implications for universal and targeted prevention and early intervention efforts to support women's and children's wellbeing are discussed.
Brain Stimulation for Emotion Regulation in Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders: Study Protocol for a Clinical-Transdiagnostical, Randomized, Triple-Blinded and Sham-Controlled Neurotherapeutic Trial
Authors: Konicar Lilian , Prillinger Karin , Klöbl Manfred , Lanzenberger Rupert , Antal Andrea , Plener Paul L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Anxiety, conduct and depressive disorders represent three highly prevalent psychiatric conditions in adolescents. A shared underpinning of these disorders is a shortcoming in emotion regulation, connected to the functioning of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Thus, an intervention able to target the suggested neural correlate seems to be highly desirable, aiming to hinder a maladaptive development of emotion regulation abilities and chronification of associated psychiatric disorders. As transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was repeatedly demonstrated as a safe and non-invasive method to modulate specific brain activity, research is in demand to evaluate neurotherapeutic applications in adolescents with psychiatric disorders.

Method

This transdiagnostic, randomized, triple-blind and sham-controlled clinical neurostimulation trial primary aims to investigate if emotion regulation abilities are increased after tDCS in adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Secondly, disorder-specific changes in the anxiety, depression or conduct disorder will be investigated, as well as changes in quality of life, and cognitive and emotional functioning after tDCS intervention. We will include 108 adolescents with psychiatric disorders, displaying a substantial deficit in emotion regulation. Of these, one third each has to be primarily diagnosed with a depressive, anxiety or conduct disorder, respectively. Participants will be randomized to the experimental group (n = 54) receiving real anodal tDCS, or to the control group (n = 54) receiving sham tDCS. Brain stimulation will be applied for 20 min on five consecutive days twice targeting the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Changes in emotion regulation, together with changes in disorder-specific clinical symptoms will be recorded by multi-informant psychological ratings. To inspect changes in behavior and gaze, computerized tasks and an eye tracker system will be used. Changes in brain responses to emotional and cognitive stimuli will be examined with three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms. In addition, a resting state MRI will be acquired to investigate possible changes in brain connectivity.

Discussion

By investigating “emotion regulation” as transdiagnostic treatment target, this project is oriented toward the Research Domain Criteria framework with a dimensional view on mental illness. The study aims at investigating the potential of tDCS as non-invasive intervention for depressive, anxiety and conduct disorders in adolescents and broadening the scientific foundation for its clinical application.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study is ongoing and has been registered in the German Registry of Clinical Trials (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025601X) on the 28.06.2021.
A Narrative Review of Empirical Literature of Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Feng Zhengzhi
Published: April 2022

Grounded in the profound tradition of behaviorism theory and research, behavioral activation (BA) has become a standalone psychotherapy for depression. It is simple, straightforward, and easy to comprehend, with comparable efficacy to traditional CBT, and has developed into an evidence-based guided self-help intervention. The main work in the theoretical models and treatment manuals, as well as empirical evidence of the effectiveness of BA for (comorbid) depression in primary and medical care setting are introduced. With the rise of the third wave of CBT, therapeutic components across diagnoses will be incorporated into BA (e.g., mindfulness). Extensive studies are required to examine the neurobiological reward mechanism of BA for depression, and to explore the feasibility and necessity of e-mental health BA application into the public healthcare system in China.
Using a MDMA- and LSD-Group Therapy Model in Clinical Practice in Switzerland and Highlighting the Treatment of Trauma-Related Disorders
Authors: Oehen Peter , Gasser Peter
Published: April 2022

The Swiss Federal Act on Narcotics allows for the restricted medical use of scheduled psychotropic drugs in cases of resistance to standard treatment, and preliminary evidence of efficacy of the scheduled drug for the particular condition. Since 2014, the authors have obtained 50 licenses on a case-by-case basis and developed a psychedelic-assisted group therapy model utilizing MDMA and LSD. The majority of the patients taking part in the psychedelic group therapy suffered from chronic complex post-traumatic stress disorder (c-PTSD), dissociative, and other post-traumatic disorders. Treatment modalities, typical developments and problems encountered during and after the psychedelic experiences are described. Recurrent depression poses a frequent problem, and requires special attention. Symptoms of c-PTSD predominantly addressed by the psychedelic experiences are the regulation of emotions and impulses, negative self-perception, alterations in relationships to others, as well as meaning, recall, and processing of traumatic memories. C-PTSD needs a larger number of psychedelic experiences in contrast to PTSD resulting from single trauma. In this model MDMA was most often used in the first phase to enhance motivation to change, strengthen the therapeutic alliance, allowing it to become more resilient, stress-relieved and less ambivalent. When emotional self-regulation, negative self-perception and structural dissociation had also begun to improve and trauma exposure was better tolerated, LSD was introduced to intensify and deepen the therapeutic process. The majority of participants improved by clinical judgement, and no serious adverse events occurred. A short case vignette describes a typical process. The experiences with this model can serve to further develop the method of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) and to give directions for future research.
Sex-Dependent Alterations of Regional Homogeneity in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Wen Zhi , Han Xu , Wang Yao , Ding Weina , Sun Yawen , Kang Yan , Zhou Yan , Lei Hao , Lin Fuchun
Published: April 2022

Biological sex may play a large role in cigarette use and cessation outcomes and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoking is associated with sex-related differences in brain structure and function. However, less is known about sex-specific alterations in spontaneous brain activity in cigarette smokers. In this study, we investigated the sex-related effects of cigarette smoking on local spontaneous brain activity using regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on resting-state fMRI. Fifty-six smokers (24 females) and sixty-three (25 females) healthy non-smoking controls were recruited. Whole-brain voxelwise 2-way analysis of covariance of ReHo was performed to detect brain regions with sex-dependent alterations on the spontaneous brain activity. Compared to non-smokers, smokers exhibited significant ReHo differences in several brain regions, including the right medial orbitofrontal cortex extended to the ventral striatum/amygdala/parahippocampus, left precuneus, and bilateral cerebellum crus. Smoking and sex interaction analysis revealed that male smokers showed significantly lower ReHo in the right ventral striatum, left cerebellum crus1, and left fusiform gyrus compared to male non-smokers, whereas there are no significant differences between female smokers and non-smokers. Furthermore, the ReHo within the left cerebellum crus1 was negatively correlated with craving scores in male smokers but not in female smokers. Such sex-dependent differences in spontaneous brain activity lays a foundation for further understanding the neural pathophysiology of sex-specific effects of nicotine addiction and promoting more effective health management of quitting smoking.
Study Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study: TempRes “Temporal Variability of Risk and Resilience Factors for Suicidal Ideation”
Authors: Ernst Mareike , Tibubos Ana N. , Kubiak Thomas , O'Connor Rory C. , Beutel Manfred E.
Published: April 2022

Suicide prevention is an important public mental health issue that can be significantly brought forward by recent advances in psychological research methods and assessment. The project “TempRes” aims to harness the power of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to investigate the transdiagnostic risk and resilience factors associated with suicidal ideation drawn from the most recent research in suicide prevention and personality assessment. Participants will comprise the general population (planned:N= 100) and a risk group (patients currently in psychosomatic or psychiatric treatment) (planned:N= 50). After a comprehensive baseline assessment, they will complete up to ten short assessments per day over the course of 10 days at roughly equidistant intervals. In detail, the project examines the interplay of biography (previous suicidal behavior, experiences of childhood maltreatment), individual differences (level of personality functioning), and time-varying factors (entrapment, loneliness, mood) with respect to the emergence and fluctuation of suicidal ideation. There are two main research foci: First, the project will provide an operationalization and empirical verification of a core assumption of theintegrated motivational-volitional model of suicide(IMV model). It will test whether the interaction of the time-varying predictors entrapment with loneliness (as a motivational moderator) explains reports of suicidal ideation over time. Second, it will be the first to examinepersonality functioning(a transdiagnostic, psychodynamically grounded conceptualization of vulnerability to psychological crises over the life span) as a time-invariant predictor of suicidal ideation assessed within an intensive longitudinal study design. The main analyses will be built on linear mixed models. The overarching aim of the project is to gain a better understanding of the psychological dynamics underlying suicidal ideation in different populations by bringing together concepts from different theoretical traditions. This will inform prevention efforts geared toward the general public as well as intervention in clinical populations.
Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives
Authors: Ermakov Evgeny A. , Melamud Mark M. , Buneva Valentina N. , Ivanova Svetlana A.
Published: April 2022

The immune system is generally known to be the primary defense mechanism against pathogens. Any pathological conditions are reflected in anomalies in the immune system parameters. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this systematic review, we summarized the available evidence of abnormalities in the immune system in schizophrenia. We analyzed impairments in all immune system components and assessed the level of bias in the available evidence. It has been shown that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in all immune system components: from innate to adaptive immunity and from humoral to cellular immunity. Abnormalities in the immune organs have also been observed in schizophrenia. Evidence of increased C-reactive protein, dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, elevated levels of neutrophils and autoantibodies, and microbiota dysregulation in schizophrenia have the lowest risk of bias. Peripheral immune abnormalities contribute to neuroinflammation, which is associated with cognitive and neuroanatomical alterations and contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, signs of severe inflammation are observed in only about 1/3 of patients with schizophrenia. Immunological parameters may help identify subgroups of individuals with signs of inflammation who well respond to anti-inflammatory therapy. Our integrative approach also identified gaps in knowledge about immune abnormalities in schizophrenia, and new horizons for the research are proposed.
Consumption-Related Health Education Inequality in COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: You Jialu , Zhang Jinhua , Li Ze
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic influences various aspects of society, especially for people with low socioeconomic status. Health education has been proven to be a critical strategy in preventing a pandemic. However, socioeconomic characteristics may limit health education among low socioeconomic status groups. This study explores consumption-related health education inequality and the factors that contribute to this, which are variable across China during COVID-19.

Methods

The 2020 China COVID-19 Survey is a cross-sectional study in China, based on an anonymous online survey from 7,715 samples in 85 cities. It employed machine-learning methods to assess household consumption and other contributing variates associated with health education during the pandemic. Concentration Index (CI) and Horizontal Index (HI) were used to measure consumption-related inequalities in health education, respectively. Moreover, Wagstaff decomposition analysis was employed to identify other contributing variables to health education inequality.

Results

The result indicates that participants with more education, better income, and positive consumption preferences undertake higher health education during COVID-19. The CI and HI of consumption-health education inequality are 0.0321 (P< 0.001) and 0.0416 (p< 0.001), respectively, which indicates that health education is concentrated in wealthy groups. We adapted Lasso regression to solve issues and omit variables. In terms of other socioeconomic characteristics, Annual Income was also a major contributor to health education inequalities, accounting for 27.1% (P< 0.001). The empirical results also suggests that education, health status, identification residence, and medical health insurance contribute to health education inequality.

Conclusions

The difference in Household consumption, annual income, rural and urban disparity, and private healthcare insurance are critical drivers of health education inequality. The government should pay more attention to promoting health education, and healthcare subside policy among vulnerable people. Significantly to improve awareness of undertaking health education with lower education, rural residential, to enhance confidence in economic recovery and life after COVID-19.
Evaluation of Health Hazard and Governance Performance of Air Pollution: A Case Study of Z City
Authors: Cui Ying , Shi Yunxia
Published: April 2022

Based on the date of the main pollutant discharge and the change of pollutant concentration in Z city, this study performed the statistical analysis of the concentration data in excel. The data covers 3 years from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. An exposure-response relationship model was used established to evaluate the health hazards caused by air pollution and the corresponding economic losses, further analyzing the relationship between air pollution, health hazards, and economic benefits. The results of the study showed that the changes in SO2 and NO2 concentrations in Z City from 2015 to 2017 have a great influence on the mortality rate of the local population, respiratory mortality, the rate of internal medicine of outpatients, and the rate of chronic bronchitis disease. The economic losses between 2015 and 2017 caused by PM10, the primary pollutant in the air, were 3.9 billion, 3.5 billion, and 2.9 billion respectively, accounting for 3.60%, 2.88%, and 2.09% of Z City's GDP, which were enormous. Finally, countermeasures of feasible treatment and in government performance were put forward.
Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of University Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Programs
Authors: Herbert Cornelia
Published: April 2022

Mental disorders (e.g., depression) and sedentary behavior are increasing, also among emerging adults. One particular target group of emerging adults with high sitting times and vulnerability to mental disorders are university students. In particular, anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as stress symptoms are very common among university students. The present manuscript discusses whether physical activity and exercise interventions can help to promote the mental health of emerging adults such as university students. The manuscript will summarize current scientific evidence and based on this evidence, introduce an university-based scientific research project that investigates if physical activity, exercise interventions and acute bouts of exercise of low- to moderate intensity can buffer perceived stress, alleviate mental health symptoms and strengthen well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among university students by positively influencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress and emotion perception, body awareness and subjective well-being including overall quality of life. The research project, its concept, multimethod approach, and first results from available studies are discussed in relation to current scientific evidence, health care needs and future developments. The results from the studies conducted within the research project so far and that are briefly summarized in this manuscript suggest that physical activity, mental health and well-being are positively related, also in university students as an important group of emerging adults. The results further suggest that exercise interventions comprising aerobic exercises of low- to moderate intensity may work best to improve mental health (alleviate depressive symptoms and perceived stress) among university students after a few weeks of intervention. In addition, acute bouts of certain types of exercises (yoga in particular) seem to be particularly effective in changing perception of bodily signals, cardiac activity and emotion processing immediately after the exercise. The results underscore the importance of systematic investigations of the combined examination of psychological and physiological factors that promote an active lifestyle and that strengthen mental health and well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among emerging adults such as university students.
Impact of Poverty on Parent–Child Relationships, Parental Stress, and Parenting Practices
Authors: Ho Laurie Long Kwan , Li William Ho Cheung , Cheung Ankie Tan , Luo Yuanhui , Xia Wei , Chung Joyce Oi Kwan
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

To explore the impact of poverty on parent–child relationships, parental stress and parenting practices.

Design

A mixed methods study.

Sample

Four hundred and eighty five Hong Kong Chinese parents who had children aged 3-6 years, and who were from low-income families. Eleven of these parents were randomly selected for individual semi-structured interviews.

Measurements

A sociodemographic questionnaire, the parent–child relationship score, the Parental Stress Scale and the Perceived Parental Aggression Scale.

Results

The parents were found to have an impaired relationship with their children. The findings indicated that employment status, parental stress and harsh parenting were significantly associated with parent–child relationships. The qualitative findings revealed that parents from low-income families encountered a wide range of difficulties, which made these parents more likely to experience parental stress, thereby increasing their tendency to adopt harsh parenting practices that undermined parent–child relationships.

Conclusion

This study sheds light on the associations between parent–child relationships, parental stress and parenting practices in low-income families. These findings will enhance nurses' understanding of the impact of poverty on parent–child relationships, and highlight the need for nurses to ensure that underprivileged parents and their children receive adequate primary care to prevent the development of psychological problems in this vulnerable group.
A Latent Profile Analysis of Chinese Physicians' Workload Tethered to Paperwork During Outpatient Encounters
Authors: Li Dehe , Hu Yinhuan , Liu Sha , Lu Chuntao , Li Jiayi , Zhou Jinghan , Zhang Yeyan , Lu Shaoyu
Published: April 2022

Background

Physician dissatisfaction with more time spent on related paperwork but less time available for direct interaction with patients is increasing internationally. Increased physician workload resulting from paperwork might negatively affect their interaction with patients and increase the risk for burnout. This study aimed to investigate the level of physician workload tethered to paperwork during outpatient encounters and explore its latent workload subgroups among Chinese physicians.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted via online questionnaire primarily in 24 hospitals in 6 provinces in Eastern, Central, and Western China from November 2020 to February 2021. The Chinese physician mental workload scale developed by our research team was used for assessment of physician workload tethered to paperwork. Physicians were categorized into different subgroups of workload via latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was subsequently performed to examine how demographic variables differ among physicians belonging to different subgroups.

Results

A total of 1,934 valid questionnaires were received. Chinese physicians reported medium levels of workload while performing non-physician-patient communication work tasks characterized by paperwork during outpatient encounters. Four latent workload subgroups were identified: “low workload group” (8.8%), “medium workload group” (34.0%), “high workload group” (42.1%) and “very high workload group” (15.1%). Compared with the other latent workload subgroups, physicians belonging to the “very high workload group” were more likely to be younger, married, those who had worse health status, lower educational levels and lower average monthly incomes, those who worked more years in the current institution, more hours per week and longer outpatient hours per week, and those who worked in public general hospitals, tertiary B hospitals and Obstetrics and Gynecology, and saw more than 50 outpatients per day, with more time spent on per patient.

Conclusions

There exit four latent workload subgroups among Chinese physicians tethered to paperwork during outpatient encounters along with great individual variations among these subgroups. The characteristics of the latent “very high workload group” can help permit more targeted guidance for developing interventions with optimized human resource allocation to, in turn, increase the time available for direct interaction with patients, thereby resulting in improved quality of physician-patient interactions and decreased risk for physician burnout.
Muscle Strength Is Associated With Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Care. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bårdstu Hilde Bremseth , Andersen Vidar , Fimland Marius Steiro , Raastad Truls , Saeterbakken Atle Hole
Published: April 2022

Background

Higher maximal- and explosive strength is associated with better physical function among older adults. Although the relationship between isometric maximal strength and physical function has been examined, few studies have included measures of isometric rate of force development (RFD) as a measure of explosive strength. Furthermore, little is known about the oldest old (>80 years), especially individuals who receive home care and use mobility devices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between maximal- and explosive muscle strength with physical function in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care.

Methods

An exploratory cross-sectional analysis including 107 (63 females and 43 males) community-dwelling older adults [median age 86 (interquartile range 80–90) years] receiving home care was conducted. Physical function was measured with five times sit-to-stand (5TSTS), timed 8-feet-up-and-go (TUG-8ft), preferred-, and maximal gait speed. Maximal strength was assessed as maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) and explosive strength as RFD of the knee extensors. We used linear regression to examine the associations, with physical function as dependent variables and muscle strength (MVC and RFD) as independent variables.

Results

MVC was significantly associated with 5TSST [standardized regression coefficient β = −0.26 95% CI (−0.45, −0.06)], TUG-8ft [−0.6 (−0.54, −0.17)], preferred gait speed [0.39 (0.22, 0.57)], and maximal gait speed [0.45 (0.27, 0.62)]. RFD was significantly associated with 5TSST [−0.35 (−0.54, −0.17)], TUG-8ft [−0.43 (−0.60, −0.27)], preferred gait speed [0.40 (0.22, 0.57)], and maximal gait speed [0.48 (0.31, 0.66)].

Conclusions

Higher maximal- and explosive muscle strength was associated with better physical function in older adults receiving home care. Thus, maintaining and/or improving muscle strength is important for perseverance of physical function into old age and should be a priority.
Viral Metagenomics Reveals Widely Diverse Viral Community of Freshwater Amazonian Lake
Authors: Nogueira Wylerson Guimarães , Gois Bruna Verônica Azevedo , Pinheiro Kenny da Costa , Aragão Andressa de Oliveira , Queiroz Ana Lídia Cavalcante , Silva Artur Luiz da , Folador Adriana Carneiro , Ramos Rommel Thiago Jucá
Published: April 2022

Despite the importance of understanding the ecology of freshwater viruses, there are not many studies on the subject compared to marine viruses. The microbiological interactions in these environments are still poorly known, especially between bacteriophages and their host bacteria and between cyanophages and cyanobacteria. Lake Bologna, Belém, capital of the Brazilian State of Pará, is a water source that supplies the city and its metropolitan region. However, it remains unexplored regarding the contents of its virome and viral diversity composition. Therefore, this work aims to explore the taxonomic diversity of DNA viruses in this lake, especially bacteriophages and cyanophages, since they can act as transducers of resistance genes and reporters of water quality for human consumption. We used metagenomic sequencing data generated by previous studies. We analyzed it at the taxonomic level using the tools Kraken2, Bracken, and Pavian; later, the data was assembled using Genome Detective, which performs the assembly of viruses. The results observed here suggest the existence of a widely diverse viral community and established microbial phage-regulated dynamics in Lake Bolonha. This work is the first ever to describe the virome of Lake Bolonha using a metagenomic approach based on high-throughput sequencing, as it contributes to the understanding of water-related public health concerns regarding the spreading of antibiotic resistance genes and population control of native bacteria and cyanobacteria.