bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radicales libres derivados de oxígeno. Su papel en Cardiología
Authors: Iglesias I. , García Bolao I. , Aparici M. , Alzamora P. , Alegría E.
Published: October 2022

Los radicales libres de oxígeno son moléculas altamente reactivas que se caracterizan por tener un electrón no emparejado en uno de sus orbitales más externos. A ellos se han atribuido algunos fenómenos patológicos, que en el campo de la cardiología suceden fundamentalmente durante la reperfusión de un tejido que se encontraba isquémico previamente. Durante la isquemia se produce la preparación del terreno para que en la reintroducción del oxígeno se produzca una gran producción de estas moléculas. El objetivo que se ha perseguido en modelos de experimentación animal es reducir el daño inducido por radicales libres con muy diversos agentes. Es probable que en un futuro estos agentes formen parte del tratamiento convencional de ciertas patologías cardíacas.
Enfermedad de Behçet
Authors: Roca Villanueva B.
Published: October 2022

Se presenta una revisión actualizada de la enfermedad de Behçet, especialmente en lo relativo a los criterios diagnósticos y a las posibilidades terapéuticas actuales.
La prótesis de resección de rodilla en la cirugía reconstructiva tumoral: Estudio comparativo entre el uso de aloinjertos óseos crioconservados y material no biológico
Authors: Cara José Antonio , Amillo Santiago , Cañadell José
Published: October 2022

Desde julio de 1983 hasta enero de 1991, el Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología de la Clínica Universitaria de Navarra ha tratado 34 pacientes afectos de tumores óseos primitivos maligos próximos a la articulación de la rodilla mediante resección en bloques colocación de una prótesis de resección con o sin aloinjerto, con un seguimiento medio de 3 años. Se hace un estudio comparativo entre el uso de la prótesis con al aloinjerto y sin él. Funcionalmente hay mejores resultados sin el uso del aloinjerto (75% de excelentes y buenos resultados frente al 66,6% con el uso del mismo).

Respecto a las complicaciones, no hay diferencias entre ambos implantes.
Estudio del flujo sanguíneo placentario a lo largo de la gestación
Authors: Barco Marcellán Mª Jesús , Mercé L. T.
Published: October 2022

La placenta humana integra una doble irrigación: la uteroplacentaria y la fetoplacentaria. Del adecuado ajuste entre ambas dependerá el éxito gestacional.

El flujo uteroplacentario aumenta progresivamente durante el embarazo, siendo a término 17 a 20 veces superior al del útero no-gestante (600 ml/min ).

Existen dos períodos de mayor incremento: el de placentación, y la última etapa gestacional.

El flujo umbilical aumenta progresivamente con la edad gestacional, de forma paralela a la ganancia de peso fetal.

Los flujos útero y fetoplacentario están regulados por factores nerviosos, químicos y mecánicos, pero su principal determinante son las modificaciones y fenómenos de crecimiento y desarrollo vascular.
Segundos tumores en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos. A propósito de cinco observaciones
Authors: Jiménez Monteagudo Miguel , León P. , Castro L. , Azcona C. , Sierrasesúmaga L.
Published: October 2022

Debido al aumento de la supervivencia de los pacientes oncológicos pediátricos como consecuencia de tratamientos más agresivos y de nuevas terapias, se ha observado un incremento en la incidencia de segundos tumores.

Se presentan cinco casos de pacientes que desarrollaron una segunda neoplasia al cabo de un periodo variable, comprendido entre 6 meses y 17 años desde el diagnóstico del tumor primario. Los segundos tumores han sido: un histiocitoma fibroso maligno de órbita tras retinoblastoma bilateral, un osteosarcoma multifocal tras eduloblastoma de cerebelo, un sarcoma de Ewing de peroné tras neuroblastoma de glándula suprarrenal, un carcinoma medular de tiroides tras osteosarcoma de fémur y una leucemia linfoblástica aguda tras osteosarcoma de fémur.

Se realiza una revisión de la literatura y se comentan los diferentes factores predisponentes genéticos, inmunológicos y terapeúticos.
Utilización clínica de la naltrexona
Authors: Manzanares J.
Published: October 2022

El autor realiza una sucinta revisión de la adecuada utilización clínica del antagonista opiáceo naltrexona en la rehabilitación psicosocial de adictos a opiáceos. Se apuntan los elementos que un programa ideal de naltrexona debería reunir y se analiza la selección de pacientes, con consideración específica del «status» hepático de los mismos. El autor describe las fases de inducción y de estabilización-mantenimiento.
Resistencias del neumococo. Reconsideraciones de su terapia empírica
Authors: Pallarés Querol M.
Published: October 2022

Aunque la Penicilina a dosis altas resuelve los cuadros clínicos respiratorios causados por infecciones neumocócicas de resistencia intermedia (MIC entre 0.1-1 mg/I), Cefpodoxima puede ser una alternativa para el tratamiento oral de este tipo de infecciones respiratorias.
Estudio de los valores normales de la gastrina sérica basal y tras estimulación
Authors: Nuñez J. R. , Martínez Ramos Carlos , Lapeña L. , Gopegui M. R. , Sanz L. R. , Jorgensen Th. W. , Tammames S.
Published: October 2022

Se estudia en el presente trabajo el valor de la gastrinemia basal y tras estimulacion con una comida hiperproteica, en un grupo de 20 personas voluntarias, sin sintomatologia digestiva actual ni antecedentes de la misma. El 60% son varones y la edad media es de 35,7 años, perteneciendo el mayo porcentaje de los mismos (40%) a la cuarta década de la vida. Se describe el procedimiento utilizado para la determinación de la gastrinemia. El valor medio de las 3 muestras obtenidas en condiciones basales es de 51.01 pg/ml. El valor medio de las 6 muestras obtenidas después de la administración de la comida de estímulo es de 73.4 pg/ml. Se discuten los valores encontrados en este estudio con los referidos en la literatura revisada.
Quimioterapia intensiva en el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico
Authors: Salgado José Esteban , Aramendía J. M. , Fernández-Hidalgo O. A. , Lozano E. , Rebollo J. , Martínez-Monge R. , Subirá M. L. , Brugarolas A.
Published: October 2022

Propósito: Estudio fase 11 con quimioterapia intensiva y soporte con células progenitoras autólogas obtenidas de la sangre en pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico.

Métodos: Tratamos 49 pacientes con una pauta de dos agentes citotóxicos a dosis intensivas, utilizando como soporte células progenitoras obtenidas tras varias leucaféresis sin técnicas de movilización. Cuarenta y ocho horas después de finalizada la quimioterapia se procedió a la reinfusión de las células

Resultados: Veintiuna pacientes (47%, IC-95%: 32,4-63,3%) alcanzaron una remisión completa. La tasa de respuestas objetivas ha sido 73% (IC-95%: 57,2%-85%). La supervivencia global y libre de progresión a 4 años es de 31 % y 20%, respectivamente.

Diez pacientes permanecen libres de progresión entre 17 y 46 meses. La toxicidad extramedular más frecuente ha sido hepática y renal. Tres pacientes (6%) fallecieron durante el procedimiento.

Conclusiones: La quimioterapia intensiva con soporte hematopoyético permite obtener, con una moderada toxicidad, una elevada tasa de respuestas objetivas y de remisiones completas. Un pequeño grupo de pacientes alcanzan una supervivencia libre de progresión prolongada.
Esclerosis tuberosa. A propósito de 22 observaciones
Authors: León P. , Dwedar M. , Jiménez Monteagudo Miguel , Narbona J.
Published: October 2022

Realizamos una exposición de nuestra causística, en un periodo comprendido desde 1972 hasta 1991, presentando 22 pacientes con esclerosis tuberosa. Al mismo tiempo realizamos una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional sobre el tema, destacando sus aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, radiológicos, genéticos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y pronósticos.
Neurotrofinas I: Aspectos moleculares
Authors: Zazpe A. , Del Río J.
Published: October 2022

Los factores neutróficos son proteínas necesarias para la supervivencia y el desarrollo neuronal. Entre ellos cabe destacar la neurotrofina NGF (nerve growth factor), por haber sido aislada y caracterizada en primer lugar. Otras neurotrofinas relacionadas estructural y funcionalmente son el BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) y las neurotrofinas NT-3, NT-4/5 y NT-6. Las neurotrofinas se unen con alta afinidad a receptores transmembrana tirosina-quinasa específicos (trk), con capacidad intrínseca de fosforilación. Hasta el momento se han descrito tres subtipos de receptores, denominados trk A, trk B y trk C, que interaccionan de manera preferencial con NGF, BDNF y NT-3 respectivamente. Además, todas las neurotrofinas se unen a otro receptor de baja afinidad llamado p75. En general, las neurotrofinas se sintetizan y liberan en células diana, y tras su fijación a receptores localizados en las terminales nerviosas, son transportadas retrógradamente hasta el núcleo donde regulan la expresión de genes. Los estudios de deleción génica han permitido una caracterización adicional del papel de las neurotrofinas en el desarrollo, observándose profundas alteraciones fenotípicas en ratones que no expresan alguno de los receptores trk.
Neurotrofinas II: Potencial terapéutico
Authors: Zazpe A. , Del Río J.
Published: October 2022

Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas se caracterizan por el daño y pérdida neuronal masiva generado en determinadas poblaciones neuronales. Hasta hace poco tiempo, las lesiones producidas a nivel del sistema nervioso central se consideraban irreversibles dada su escasa capacidad de regeneración. Sin embargo, tras la reciente identificación y caracterización de numerosos factores neurotróficos, se ha puesto de manifiesto la capacidad de dichos factores para prevenir o inhibir el daño neuronal inducido por lesiones de distinta naturaleza. En base a esto, en los últimos años se ha prestado una especial atención a la valoración del potencial terapéutico de estos factores en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En esta revisión se expone la posible utilización de algunas neurotrofinas en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson, de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica.
Nutrición, balance energético y obesidad
Authors: Frühbeck G. , Sopena M. , Martínez J. A. , Salvador J.
Published: October 2022

El valor energético de alimentos y bebidas depende de su contenido en hidratos de carbono, lípidos y proteínas o alcohol y se utiliza en la producción de ATP y en procesos de recambio de las estructuras corporales. La energía neta se destina a cubrir el metabolismo basal, la actividad física y a la acción termogénica de los alimentos. Existen diferentes tablas de recomendaciones energéticas establecidas por distintos organismos e instituciones para diversas poblaciones. El balance entre la energía ingerida y la energía consumida es el principal determinante del peso corporal del adulto y afecta a la composición corporal. La evaluación de la composición corporal del organismo es compleja y depende de diferentes factores como la edad, el sexo y el ejercicio físico, así como del balance hormonal. La prevalencia de la obesidad, definida como la "excesiva acumulación de energía en forma de grasa", está aumentando en todos los países desarrollados y constituye un serio problema de salud pública por sus implicaciones en diabetes, dislipemias, hipertensión, cáncer y alteraciones cardiovasculares, entre otros. Los nuevos avances sugieren que en la obesidad están implicados componentes genéticos y neuroendocrinos además de otros factores como la dejadez y la glotonería, considerados anteriormente como prioritarios.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la utilización del índice de impacto como medida de calidad en la investigación
Authors: Giménez-Amaya J. M.
Published: October 2022

:En este artículo se presentan algunas consideraciones sobre la utilización del índice de impacto como medida de calidad en la investigación. Después de hacer una referencia histórica del con cepto de índice de impacto, se analizan algunos aspectos a tener en cuenta cuando se utiliza esta medida de las citaciones. También se comentan algu nas críticas a su uso como parámetro de evaluación de calidad de una investigación individual o de curric ula en la promoción y contratación de investigadores y en la concesión de ayudas científicas.
Cáncer de colon y recto: Conceptos actuales en la patonegia, diagnóstico precoz, estudio de extención, prnóstico y tratamiento
Authors: Cervantes Ruipérez Andrés , Cherrevella I. , García-Granero E.
Published: October 2022

El cáncer colorrectal es, después del cáncer de pulmón, la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en las sociedades occidentales. Una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares patogénicos puede producir una serie de cambios en el diagnóstico precoz, la valoración pronóstica y el tratamiento. Los programas de despistaje para el diagnóstico precoz pueden reducir la mortalidad al detectar adenomas o tumores no invasores que presentan una alta curabilidad tras la resección quirúrgica. El pronóstico se basa en criterios anatómicos definidos por la clasificación de Dukes y mejor expresados por el sistema de estadios TNM. En pacientes con estadio III, la quimioterapia postoperatoria mejora la supervivencia. Tal beneficio puede extenderse a pacientes en estadio II que presenten características pronósticas desfavorables. La excisión total del mesorrecto se ha convertido en la técnica quirúrgica estándar para los pacientes con cáncer de recto, logrando una reducción significativa de las recidivas locales. Además, la ecografía endorectal y resonancia magnética hace posible la estadificación preoperatoria. En tumores localmente avanzados la radioterapia preoperatoria asociada con quimioterapia puede mejorar los resultados. En pacientes con metástasis el tratamiento es ante todo paliativo. Sin embargo, nuevas combinaciones de fármacos que incluyen 5FU, irinotecan o oxaliplatino prolongan la supervivencia frente a 5FU solo. La resección de metástasis hepáticas o pulmonares limitadas es también de gran importancia.
El factor von Willebrand como intermediario entre la hemostasia y la angiogénesis de origen tumoral
Authors: Gil-Bazo Ignacio , Catalán V. , Páramo J. , Quero C. , Escrivá de Romaní S. , Pérez-Ochoa A. , Arbea L. , Navarro V. , De la Cámara J. , Garrán C. , Espinós J. , Rocha E. , García-Foncillas J. , Martín-Algarra S.
Published: October 2022

Los pacientes con cáncer presentan un desequilibrio entre el sistema de la coagulación y la fibrinolisis confiriéndoles un estado protrombótico. En él intervienen elementos sanguíneos moleculares que presentan niveles elevados en estos pacientes, como el factor von Willebrand (vWf). En la angiogénesis activada durante el crecimiento tumoral, el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (VEGF) y el factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos (FGF-2), estimulan la proliferación del endotelio, productor junto con las plaquetas, del vWf, determinando niveles plasmáticos incrementados de éste, en pacientes oncológicos. Recientemente ha sido descrita la contribución del vWf a la adhesión entre células tumorales y plaquetas. El descubrimiento de integrinas de membrana de plaquetas, células endoteliales y tumorales y su mediación en la adhesión celular entre ellas han permitido demostrar agregación plaquetar y activación de la coagulación inducida por células tumorales unidas a plaquetas y la capacidad migratoria que adquieren las células neoplásicas en dicho proceso facilitando la generación de metástasis. Estudios clínicos demuestran elevación plasmática de vWf en enfermos con cáncer siendo mayores los niveles, a mayor estadio clínico-radiológico y en aquellos que presentan metástasis a distancia. Además, enfermos con niveles preoperatorios mayores de vWf, tienen menor supervivencia tras la resección quirúrgica tumoral. También se ha relacionado el mayor peso molecular de vWf en pacientes oncológicos con un déficit en la actividad proteasa de clivaje del vWf. Los resultados prometedores de la administración de antiagregantes/anticoagulantes a pacientes oncológicos abren la puerta de nuevas dianas terapéuticas en el cáncer.
Evaluación del paciente con vértigo: examen físico del sistema vestibular
Authors: Eggers Scott D. Z. , Zee David S.
Published: October 2022

El vértigo y el desequilibrio son síntomas habituales con los que los pacientes acuden a la consulta del especialista. La falta de un método sistemático para examinar y realizar pruebas de laboratorio para valorar el sistema vestibular conduce con frecuencia a diagnósticos incorrectos y a una atención mediocre. Si se posee un conocimiento básico de la fisiología vestibular y las técnicas adecuadas de exploración, generalmente se puede hacer un diagnóstico correcto. Aquí revisamos los principios del examen otoneurológico, incluyendo la valoración del desequilibrio vestibular estático, la función vestibular dinámica, las maniobras de provocación, el examen oculomotor y las pruebas vestibuloespinales.
Pruebas de función otolítica
Authors: Halmagyi G. M. , Curthoys I. S.
Published: October 2022

Dentro del sistema vestibular las posibilidades de estudio del la fun-

ción de las máculas del sáculo y utrículo ha estado vedada por las características operacionales del reflejo oculomotor inducido por su estímulo. El descubrimiento del los potenciales vestíbulo-cólicos o potencial vestibular miogénico evocado junto con la valoración de las posibilidades del paciente de percibir la adecuación a la verticalidad gravitatoria u horizontalidad de una barra luminosa, ha permitido sistematizar el estudio de esos receptores en el ámbito clínico. Supone una valoración complementaria y precisa de la que hacemos con el reflejo vestíbulo-oculomotor calórico y rotatorio. Posee una capacidad de localización del lado de la lesión muy importante y una sensibilidad al daño vestibular periférico muy alta.
Síndrome vestibular central
Authors: Martínez-Vila E. , Riverol Fernández M. , Irima Sieira P.
Published: October 2022

Se entiende por Síndrome Vestibular Central aquél en el que los síntomas no guardan proporción en su intensidad ni armonía en sus manifestaciones e, incluso pueden no aparecer en su totalidad. Esto es debido a la afectación parcial y selectiva de la vía vestibular. La asociación de otros síntomas por afectación de determinadas áreas en el tronco del encéfalo y cerebelo, fundamentalmente, guían la exploración y el diagnóstico de estos enfermos. La diversidad d diagnósticos se analizan en este extenso capítulo intentando dar una aproximación clínica a la patología en el sistema nervioso central que tan frecuentemente se acompañan de vértigo o inestabilidad.
Estudio sobre el Síndrome de Burnout en Profesionales de Enfermería de Cuidados Paliativos del País Vasco
Authors: Martínez García M. , Centeno Cortés C. , Sanz-Rubiales A. , Del Valle M. L.
Published: October 2022

El síndrome de burnout tiene consecuencias devastadoras para los profesionales y sus pacientes. El trabajo en Cuidados Paliativos (CP) se ha considerado como una fuente potencial de burnout por sus características.

Objetivo: El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el fin de estudiar los niveles y la prevalencia de burnout en profesionales de enfermería de CP, y detectar aspectos que determinen el riesgo de burnout.

Material y Método: El estudio se llevó a cabo con una muestra de enfermeras dedicadas a CP y un grupo control de enfermeras de los mismos hospitales y otras unidades de hospitalización. Se diseñó un cuadernillo de recogida de datos con un cuestionario de burnout (MBI), una escala de apoyo social percibido y un cuestionario de satisfacción laboral además de una serie de variables sociodemográficas.

Resultados: Participaron 105 enfermeras en el estudio, 64 de CP. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre niveles y prevalencia de burnout en ambos grupos. Un 58(NCP)-62(CP)% presenta cansancio emocional elevado, un 66(NCP)-59(CP)% un nivel importante de despersonalización y un 66(NCP)-70(CP)% una baja realización personal. El porcentaje de enfermeras en el rango de los valores normativos para Burnout es algo menor en paliativos que en el resto (33% vs 41%): Sin embargo las diferencias no alcanzan significación estadística. Una de cada tres profesionales de enfermería se encuentra dentro de los límites normales de burnout (33%), otra se encuentra quemada (34%) y la tercera se puede considerar muy quemada (33%), con dos o tres factores alterados. La falta de formación está relacionada con un mayor cansancio emocional (p≤0.003) y una menor realización personal (p≤0,031). Se observa una mayor satisfacción en las enfermeras de CP, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas.

Conclusiones: Los niveles de quemamiento de las enfermeras estudiadas han resultado ser similares en los dos grupos y superiores a los controles de población española. Las de CP están más satisfechas y sienten apoyo en algunos aspectos. La experiencia se comporta como un factor protector ante el agotamiento emocional. Las profesionales perciben falta de formación específica adecuada y falta de entrenamiento en habilidades de comunicación. Convendría estudiar los procesos de selección y formación de las enfermeras para prevenir el desgaste profesional.
Possible range expansion of the Karoo Prinia Prinia maculosa into the range of the Drakensberg Prinia Prinia hypoxantha in the eastern Free State
Authors: De Swardt Dawie
Published: October 2022

Possible range expansion of Karoo Prinia Prinia maculosa observed within the range of Drakensberg Prinia P. hypoxantha north east of Harrismith in the eastern Free State.  An Karoo Prinia individual was captured and ringed at Mnt Everest Nature Reserve, Harrismith on 3 November 2021 in Leucosidea sericea bush on mountain slope of Mooihoekkop.  On 4 November 2021 the net site were moved to the Mnt Everest hilly slope and a Drakensberg Prinia was captured and ringed.  Both species were also photographed and submitted to the Biodiversity Development Institure Virtual Museum (VM 19170 & 19171).  The ocurrence and new distribution records of Karoo Prinias within the range of Drakensberg Prinias north of Harrismith is discussed.
Pre-emptive analgesia for primary tooth extractions in children: systematic review of literature
Authors: Tirupathi Sunnypriyatham , Afnan Lamea
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Pain is a subjective phenomenon that can evoke a sense of innate fear and anxiety. So, pain control should be the main stay of any treatment protocol in dentistry especially for children. Even though it is very well managed pre and intra operatively, a situation possibly arises post operatively. Administration of pre-emptive analgesia could be one of the methods used in the management of post operative pain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pre-emptive analgesia for primary tooth extractions in children.  
Methods: PubMed, Ovid SP, Cochrane databases were filtered from years 1980 up to July 2020 for potential papers using relevant MeSH terms and pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria independently by two reviewers. Studies that compared pre-emptive analgesic administration in comparison with placebo for primary tooth extractions in children were evaluated. The outcome sought for were self-reported post-operative pain (patient perceived pain), total number of rescue analgesics consumed in the post-operative follow up period.
Results: A total of six studies were included for the final evaluation. Most of the studies report lower self-reported post-operative pain scores(n=3), and lower rescue analgesic consumption(n=3), in pre-emptive group in comparison to placebo.
Conclusions: Pre-emptive analgesic administration might have a positive effect on above mentioned parameters during primary tooth extraction in children, but more evidence is needed to justify the same.
Clinical Implications of a New DDX58 Pathogenic Variant That Causes Lupus Nephritis due to RIG-I Hyperactivation
Authors: Peng Jiahui , Wang Yusha , Han Xu , Zhang Changming , Chen Xiang , Jin Ying , Yang Zhaohui , An Yu , Zhang Jiahui , Liu Zhengzhao , Chen Yinghua , Gao Erzhi , Zhang Yangyang , Xu Feng , Zheng Chunxia , Zhou Qing , Liu Zhihong
Published: October 2022

Significance Statement

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the major cause of death among systemic lupus erythematosus patients, with heterogeneous phenotypes and different responses to therapy. Identifying genetic causes and finding potential therapeutic targets of LN is a major unmet clinical need. We identified a novel DDX58 pathogenic variant, R109C, that leads to RIG-I hyperactivation and type I IFN signaling upregulation by disrupting RIG-I autoinhibition, causing LN, which may respond to a JAK inhibitor. Genetic testing of families with multiple cases of LN that identifies this variant may lead to targeted therapy.

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus, with heterogeneous phenotypes and different responses to therapy. Identifying genetic causes of LN can facilitate more individual treatment strategies.

Methods

We performed whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of Chinese patients with LN and identified variants of a disease-causing gene. Extensive biochemical, immunologic, and functional analyses assessed the effect of the variant on type I IFN signaling. We further investigated the effectiveness of targeted therapy using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Results

We identified a novel DDX58 pathogenic variant, R109C, in five unrelated families with LN. The DDX58 R109C variant is a gain-of-function mutation, elevating type I IFN signaling due to reduced autoinhibition, which leads to RIG-I hyperactivation, increased RIG-I K63 ubiquitination, and MAVS aggregation. Transcriptome analysis revealed an increased IFN signature in patient monocytes. Initiation of JAK inhibitor therapy (baricitinib 2 mg/d) effectively suppressed the IFN signal in one patient.

Conclusions

A novel DDX58 R109C variant that can cause LN connects IFNopathy and LN, suggesting targeted therapy on the basis of pathogenicity.
Justice denied? Prosecutors and presiding officers' reliance on evidence of previous sexual history in South African rape trials
Authors: Swemmer Sheena
Published: October 2022

This article presents data from a study conducted by the Medical Research Council of South Africa, focusing on rape attrition in South Africa at different stages in the processes (from reporting at a police station to potential conviction). The study found that of the 3 952 reported cases of rape analysed 65% were referred to prosecution, and trials commenced in 18,5% of cases. Of the total 3 952 cases reported, 8,6% resulted in a guilty verdict. Using qualitative data from a subset of trial transcripts, the article focuses specifically on the problematic views of both presiding officers and prosecutors based on rape myths and gender-stereotyping at trial, and suggests that these are a factor affecting the attrition rate between cases referred to trial and those that result in a not guilty verdict.
Equitable allocation of police human resources: Social Justice Coalition and Others v Minister of Police and Others
Authors: Mzakwe Sipho
Published: October 2022

At the end of 2018, the Western Cape High Court handed down a ground-breaking judgment in the case of Social Justice Coalition and Others v Minister of Police and Others. The court held that the distribution of police personnel in the Western Cape unfairly discriminated against black and poor people on the basis of race and poverty. As the first case in South Africa recognising poverty as a discrete ground of discrimination, the judgment marks a significant development in the country’s equality rights jurisprudence. In addition, the court’s recognition that police distribution in the Western Cape is unfairly discriminatory has profound implications for the system of allocating police resources in that province, and potentially across the country.

In this case note I summarise the key issues in the case and offer an analysis of the court’s approach, arguing that while the case is to be lauded for its recognition of poverty as a ground of discrimination there are also some missed opportunities. Most significantly, the practical impact of the judgment has yet to be determined as the court limited its order to declaratory relief, requiring the parties to return to argue on the further practical remedy that should follow.
Staged feminizing genitoplasty with total urogenital sinus mobilization
Authors: Fatih Akbiyik
Published: October 2022

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of individuals with Disorders of Sexual Development is a complex process and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Each individual should be evaluated objectively and the treatment process of each individual has its own unique differences. The aim of this study is to discuss the effectiveness of staged feminizing genitoplasty operations using the total urogenital mobilization technique. Material and methods: Hospital records of patients who underwent vaginoplasty using the TUM technique between 2014 and 2019 by a single surgeon in a pediatric surgery center of a tertiary pediatric hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: All ten patients who underwent TUM had 46 XX chromosomes. The TUM procedure for vaginoplasty was performed in all patients by the author. A clitorolabioplasty had been previously performed in six patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The follow-up period of the patients was 1-6 years. No serious complications developed in any of the patients. Neither infection nor tissue necrosis occurred. A second surgical procedure was not required for urinary fistula, vaginal stenosis, urinary incontinence, or early suture dehiscence. Conclusion: This study shows that vaginoplasty can be performed in a single session in infancy for patients with low confluence and a short Urogenital Sinus (UGS). Apart from this, postponing vaginoplasty surgeries to the adolescence period and performing UGS mobilization surgery seem to carry successful results.
Rethinking the Contextual Factors Influencing Urban Mobility: A New Holistic Conceptual Framework
Authors: Chaiechi Taha , Pryce Josephine , Eijdenberg Emiel L. , Azzali Simona
Published: October 2022

Urbanisation, urban mobility (active travel), and public health continue to be three defining issues of the 21st century. Today, more than half of humanity lives in cities, a proportion that is expected to reach 70% by 2050. Not surprisingly, urbanisation has significant impacts on mobility, health, and well-being. Today’s cities struggle with health challenges such as those that are either a direct result of infectious and non-communicable diseases or issues related to violence and injuries. According to the World Health Organisation, the lack of suitable space in urban areas for physical activities and active living has turned cities into epicentres for diseases. The concept of urban mobility and its connection to health is not new. However, the ways through which a healthy city objective is achieved are poorly investigated in the academic literature. Accordingly, this article proposes a holistic conceptual framework by consolidating knowledge around factors impacting urban mobility by adopting a scoping review methodology to determine the field’s scope, coverage, and existing knowledge gap. To achieve the above objectives, 3,189 research articles and book chapters published between 2014 and 2021 were screened. A total of 92 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in the scoping review. This approach revealed the importance of understanding urban mobility and healthy cities and of identifying and enacting associated enablers. Covid-19 has amplified the urgency of giving attention to these issues. The scoping review also showed a need for further research that investigates the future of urban mobility and healthy cities. A conceptual framework has been drawn from the literature to guide such future research.
Development of Intraverbal Communication Skills in Communication Groups for Children of Primary School Age with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Sergienko A.I. , Lukina A.N.
Published: October 2022

The development of intraverbal communication skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is usually associated with significant difficulties in the acquiring of communicative roles. Based on the experience of practical work, the author’s method «Whirligig of Questions» was developed. The approbation of the method was carried out on a group of 11-years old children (n=8) having ASD, without significant intellectual disorders. The research used case-study design, the example of a child who recently joined the class is given in the present article. The main goal was to develop the skill of intraverbal communication of the new student. At the beginning and at the end of the study, sociometric measurements and diagnostics of the child’s communication skills were carried out using the ABLLS-R. 10 group meetings were held, one per week. With the help of sociometry, the observation method and interview of teachers and parents, it was found that the use of the «Whirligig of Questions» technique made it possible not only to develop the skills of intraverbal communication in the student, but also to achieve the cohesion of the children’s team. This technique, after additional testing, can be recommended for practical use in educational institutions with children without intellectual disorders and with fairly well-developed speech skills.
A Novel Access Control Model Based on the Structure of Applications
Authors: Rezakhani Afshin , Shirazi Hossein , Modiri Naser
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, access control has an important role in the management of access to resources in the networks and applications. The establishment of access control in applications is important particularly. Traditional methods of access control, manage the users’ access only at data-centric level. In this paper a new model is presented in which the access control in applications is performed not only at data-centric level but also at component and plug-in levels. By applying the proposed model, the execution of plug-ins or components will be authorized only in the case of enrollment process and in the necessary authorities. In addition, users can access to plug-ins and components only in the case of gaining the necessary authorities. By using the proposed model, the access control can be applied based on both operational needs and applications capabilities accurately.
Security and Privacy Issues in IoT
Authors: Rehman Aqeel ur , Rehman Sadiq ur , Khan Iqbal Uddin , Moiz Muzaffar , Hasan Sarmad
Published: October 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) is a global network of physical and virtual ‘things’ connected to the internet. Each object has unique ID which is used for identification. IoT is the emerging technology which will change the way we interact with devices. In future almost every electronic device will be a smart device which can compute and communicate with hand-held and other infrastructure devices. As most of the devices may be battery operated, due to less processing power the security and privacy is a major issue in IoT. Authentication, Identification and device heterogeneity are the major security and privacy concerns in IoT. Major challenges include integration, scalability, ethics communication mechanism, business models and surveillance. In this paper major issues related to security and privacy of IoT are focused.
Detecting Zero-day Polymorphic Worms with Jaccard Similarity Algorithm
Authors: Almarshad Malak Abdullah I. , Mohammed Mohssen M. Z. E. , Pathan Al-Sakib Khan
Published: October 2022

Zero-day polymorphic worms pose a serious threat to the security of Mobile systems and Internet infrastructure. In many cases, it is difficult to detect worm attacks at an early stage. There is typically little or no time to develop a well-constructed solution during such a worm outbreak. This is because the worms act only to spread from node to node and they bring security concerns to everyone using Internet via any static or mobile node. No system is safe from an aggressive worm crisis. However, many of the characteristics of a worm can be used to defeat it, including its predictable behavior and shared signatures. In this paper, we propose an efficient signature generation method based on string similarity algorithms to generate signatures for Zero-day polymorphic worms. Then, these signatures are practically applied to an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to prevent the network from such attacks. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed approach compared to other existing mechanisms.
Freedom of Assembly in Opinions and Reports of Venice Commission and Russian Legislation
Authors: Goshulyak V. V. , Sintsov G. V.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the consideration in the Russian constitutional legislation of the legal stances of the European Commission for Democracy through Law» (Venice Commission) in the field of freedom of peaceful assembly. Freedom of peaceful assembly is closely associated with political struggle, relationship between civil society and the authorities. It is fixed at the constitutional level and therefore is a sensitive topic in law enforcement practice and relevant in special scientific research, of which there are currently a small number in Russian and foreign science of constitutional law. Therefore, this article, as applied to the Russian Federation, aims to complete this gap. The implementation of the research tasks was achieved on the basis of the analysis of the Guidelines of the Venice Commission on Consolidation of Freedom of Peaceful Assembly in the legislation of European states. The author used the following research methods: comparative legal, logical, institutional, formal legal, comparative legal. The paper examines the legal principles of the Venice Commission on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and the extent to which they are taken into account in the constitutional legislation of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made about the narrow understanding of freedom of peaceful assembly reflected in the wording «the right to assemble peacefully without weapons». In this regard, the Federal Law on Assemblies is devoted not to freedom of peaceful assembly but to the right to assemble peacefully, which may be restricted by the State to a greater extent than freedom of peaceful assembly. This created the basis for a positivist regulation of freedom of peaceful assembly with broad powers of public authorities and the possibility of restricting the right to assemble peacefully, without weapons, while, according to the Venice Commission, the State should create adequate mechanisms and procedures to ensure that freedom of peaceful assembly is not subjected to excessive bureaucratic regulation. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has largely adjusted Russian legislation on public events, bringing it closer to the legal standings developed by the Venice Commission.
Possibilities of clinical application of articaine
Authors: Bayalieva Aynagul Zh. , Yankovich Yulia N. , Mohsin Munir , Davydova Veronika R.
Published: October 2022

Articaine is an intermediate-potency and short-acting amide local anesthetic with a fast metabolism due to an ester group in its structure. Articaine was widely used in dental practice, but now has an effective form for surgical and anesthetic use. Articaine is effective with local infiltration or peripheral nerve block in dentistry, when administered as a spinal, epidural, ocular, or regional nerve block, or when intravenously injected for regional anesthesia. Comparative trials have not revealed a generally significant difference in its clinical effects from those of other short-acting local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, prilocaine, and chloroprocaine, and no conclusive evidence has demonstrated above-average neurotoxicity. Thus, this review discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and possible side effects of articaine.
Unintentional subarachnoid administration of tranexamic acid during spinal anesthesia
Authors: Koriachkin Viktor A. , Beleshnikov Igor L. , Litus Sergey N. , Safray Alexander E. , Zabolotskiy Dmitriy V. , Evgrafov Vladimir A.
Published: October 2022

An accidental intrathecal tranexamic acid injection is a rare but extremely unpleasant case, which can lead to severe complications, including death. This review aimed to describe the clinical, pathophysiological changes and outcomes occurring in patients with unintentional tranexamic acid subarachnoid injection during spinal anesthesia. The review includes studies published in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the Russian Science Citation Index databases. There were 31 reports (27 literature reports and 4 own observations) of unintended tranexamic acid administration during spinal anesthesia, including 12 cases in traumatology and orthopedics, 11 cases in cesarean section, and 8 cases in urology and general surgery. Typical signs and symptoms reported by the authors include severe pain in the lower back, buttocks, and lower extremities, seizure syndrome, marked tachycardia and arterial hypertension, and ventricular arrhythmias. Ten (32.1%) patients recovered without any consequences and six (19.4%) patients required long-term rehabilitation after hospital discharge due to severe neurological deficits or cognitive impairment. Of 11 females, 9 died during cesarean section and 4 of 12 patients died in traumatology and orthopedics. Overall, 15 (48.4%) patients had a fatal outcome. An unintentional subarachnoid tranexamic acid injection is a catastrophic event with extremely high patient risk and is accompanied by high mortality, especially in obstetric practice. Intensive care should include intravenous propofol or sevoflurane inhalation in the case of unintentional intrathecal tranexamic acid injection, and cerebrospinal fluid lavage is promising. Developing a formalized protocol for intrathecal administration of local anesthetic solutions is advisable to avoid errors associated with accidental drug administration not intended for spinal anesthesia.
Ibuprofen for intravenous administration: new possibilities for the use of NSAIDs in postoperative pain management
Authors: Ovechkin Аlexei M. , Politov Mikhail E. , Sokologorskiy Sergey V.
Published: October 2022

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are an essential component of postoperative multimodal analgesia. Their analgesic efficacy has been confirmed by data from evidence-based medicine. The appearance of an intravenous form of ibuprofen on the Russian pharmaceutical market expands the possibilities of using NSAIDs in postoperative pain managment schemes. Ibuprofen characterized a high analgesic potential and an optimal safety profile in relation to the risk of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular complications.
Application of cytological research methods to solve the question of the organic origin of animal horns
Authors: Maltseva Anastasiya Y. , Stolyarov Arkadiy P.
Published: October 2022

Conducting forensic examinations is the leading evidentiary mechanism in the investigation and disclosure of poaching cases. During the investigation, animal derivatives (horns, hooves, and feathers) are found and seized from poachers in addition to clothing, crime instruments, and animal carcasses. Currently, the expensive horns of artiodactyls are of the greatest value for extraction, and their quality is largely determined by the correctness of processing from the remnants of blood, skin, and hair. Such processing precludes the use of biological methods of analysis to determine the organic origin of the seized derivatives, and genetic examination is complicated by the lack of proper laboratory equipment, appropriate reagents, and the high cost of analysis.
The expert of the forensic biological department of the State Medical Institution of the Penza region should have established the organic origin of animal horns, presumably saiga, based on the decision on the examination appointment. The study included14 pieces of animal horns seized from persons suspected of poaching.
Microparticles were obtained from the peripheral and central parts of the horns, from which pressed preparations were prepared, followed by their staining and microscopy during the study. Luminescent microscopy of preparations from solid plates of the central part of the horn stained with fluorochromes revealed osteocytes, which are cellular characteristics of bone tissue. Epithelial cells that form the basis of the horn cover were detected when azur-eosin stained small particles from the peripheral part of the horn.
The identification of these cell types provides sufficient grounds to conclude the organic origin of the horns presented for research.
Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection: experience and prospects
Authors: Zhdanov Konstantin V. , Kozlov Konstantin V. , Maltsev Oleg V. , Miklush Panteley I. , Sharabhanov Valerian V. , Kasyanenko Kristina V. , Gordienko Vera V. , Yurkaev Igor M.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an international emergency. The Military Medical Academy, including the Department and Clinic of Infectious Diseases (with a course in medical parasitology and tropical diseases) are actively involved in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, and are also studying the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
AIM: to systematize the work done at the Military Medical Academy in relation to the fight against a new coronavirus infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article provides a brief description of the studies conducted in relation to COVID-19.
RESULTS: The departments view of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is presented, the main indicators of the work of the clinic of infectious diseases in the fight against COVID-19 are briefly reflected, and their own research in the field of this infectious disease is demonstrated.
CONCLUSION: Based on our scientific work, our experience in treating patients with a new coronavirus infection, the main conclusions and recommendations are formulated:

It is necessary to take into account the clinical feature of COVID-19 a long initial period (up to 8 days), which creates the illusion of imaginary well-being and contributes to late hospitalization.
PCR is not an ideal diagnostic method, which creates the possibility of obtaining a false negative result. In this regard, clinical, epidemiological and radiological diagnostics are decisive.
The organization of early active detection of patients with all clinical forms of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, and their timely hospitalization helps to reduce the risk of developing a severe course, complications and epidemiological danger of patients.
Complex antiviral and anticoagulant therapy should be early (up to 5 days from the clinical manifestation), proactive, aimed at reducing the likelihood of developing pneumonia with respiratory failure and thrombosis of the LA branches.
Anti-inflammatory therapy increases the survival of patients with severe COVID-19 and should be administered as early as possible with a preventive goal at the first minimal clinical and laboratory signs of a hyperinflammatory response.