bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-complexity continuous-variable quantum key distribution with true local oscillator using pilot-assisted frequency locking
Authors: Ruiz-Chamorro Andres , Garcia-Callejo Aida , Fernandez Veronica
Published: May 2024

In the domain of continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), a significant challenge arises in achieving precise frequency synchronization, an issue commonly termed as frequency locking. This involves matching the optical frequencies of both the quantum signal laser and the local oscillator laser for accurate symbol demodulation during the exchange of quantum keys. As such, implementations today still grapple with maintaining precise synchronization between sender and receiver frequencies, occasionally hindering the efficiency and reliability of the information exchange. Addressing this challenge, we present and empirically validate a novel approach to CV-QKD by incorporating a pilot tone-assisted frequency locking algorithm to enhance stability when using a locally generated local oscillator (LLO) at the receiver. The proposed design leverages software-based optimization techniques, thereby eliminating the need for high-speed electronic stabilization devices and achieving efficient performance at typical repetition rates. Specifically, the introduction of the pilot tone algorithm allows us to effectively mitigate phase fluctuations and preserve the integrity of the quantum signals during transmission without resorting to time-multiplexed reference pulses or fast-locking electronics in the lasers. Our results suggest the potential for achieving secure key rates of up to 1 Mb/s over a 50 km single-mode fiber when using these techniques, offering promising insights into the feasibility of high-rate, low-complexity CV-QKD implementations under realistic conditions.
Identification of candidate biomarkers for GBM based on WGCNA
Authors: Sun Qinghui , Wang Zheng , Xiu Hao , He Na , Liu Mingyu , Yin Li
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor, poses a considerable challenge in neuro-oncology. Despite advancements in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for GBM patients remains bleak, primarily attributed to its inherent resistance to conventional treatments and a high recurrence rate. The primary goal of this study was to acquire molecular insights into GBM by constructing a gene co-expression network, aiming to identify and predict key genes and signaling pathways associated with this challenging condition. To investigate differentially expressed genes between various grades of Glioblastoma (GBM), we employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) methodology. Through this approach, we were able to identify modules with specific expression patterns in GBM. Next, genes from these modules were performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using ClusterProfiler package. Our findings revealed a negative correlation between biological processes associated with neuronal development and functioning and GBM. Conversely, the processes related to the cell cycle, glomerular development, and ECM-receptor interaction exhibited a positive correlation with GBM. Subsequently, hub genes, including SYP, TYROBP, and ANXA5, were identified. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the existing research landscape on GBM, underscoring the challenges encountered by clinicians and researchers in devising effective therapeutic strategies.
Impact of pilot diesel injection timing on performance and emission characteristics of marine natural gas/diesel dual-fuel engine
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Gao Jianqun , Fan Dawei , Yang Qizheng , Han Fangjun , Yu Hongliang
Published: May 2024

In diesel-ignited natural gas marine dual-fuel engines, the pilot diesel injection timing (PDIT) determines the premixing time and ignition moment of the combustible mixture in the cylinder. The PDIT plays a crucial role in the subsequent development of natural gas flame combustion. In this paper, four PDITs (− 8 °CA, − 6 °CA, − 4 °CA, and − 2 °CA) were studied. The results show that the advancement of PDIT increased the engine's power, thermal efficiency, and natural gas flame spread velocity, and increased NO emissions and CH4 emissions of the marine engine. The PDIT affected the ignition delay period and the rapid combustion period to a greater extent than the slow combustion period and the post combustion period. With each 2 °CA advancement of PDIT, the engine's power increased by 69.87 kW, thermal efficiency increased by 0.42%, radial flame spread velocity increased by 2 m/s, axial flame spread velocity increased by 1.7 m/s, NO emissions increased by 6.1%, and CH4 emissions increased by 3.75%.
Prebiotic membrane structures mimic the morphology of alleged early traces of life on Earth
Authors: Jordan Seán F. , van Zuilen Mark A. , Rouillard Joti , Martins Zita , Lane Nick
Published: May 2024

Elucidating compositions of the first cell membranes requires experiments with molecules and chemical conditions representative of early Earth. The molecules used are described as ‘prebiotically plausible’, i.e., they could have formed through abiotic reactions before the emergence of biology. Similarly, the chemical properties of solutions in which these membranes are formed (e.g., pH, temperature, ionic strength) must represent early Earth environments. Here, using confocal and transmission electron microscopy combined with population morphometry, we show that prebiotically plausible molecules, in solutions representative of Hadean submarine alkaline hydrothermal vents, form microstructures with substantial morphological diversity. The microstructures hold the potential for use as analogues of prebiotic processes in the rock record. Additionally, many of the structures are morphologically similar to purported early microfossils, highlighting limitations of morphological interpretation in these studies. Detailed analyses of abiotic microstructures are essential for understanding the earliest life on Earth, and for interpretation of potential biosignatures from extra-terrestrial bodies.
Guided and unguided internet-delivered psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mechler Jakob , Lindqvist Karin , Magnusson Kristoffer , Ringström Adrián , Krafman Johan Daun , Alvinzi Pär , Kassius Love , Sowa Josefine , Andersson Gerhard , Carlbring Per
Published: May 2024

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is highly prevalent and debilitating disorder. Treatments exist but are not accessible and/or helpful for all patients, indicating a need for accessible treatment alternatives. The aim of the present trial was to evaluate internet-delivered psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with and without therapist guidance, compared to a waitlist control condition, in the treatment of adults with SAD. In this randomized, clinical trial, we tested whether IPDT was superior to a waitlist control, and whether IPDT with therapeutic guidance was superior to unguided IPDT. Participants were recruited nationwide in Sweden. Eligible participants were ≥ 18 years old and scoring ≥ 60 on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale self-report (LSAS-SR) whilst not fulfilling any of the exclusion criteria. Included participants were randomly assigned to IPDT with guidance (n = 60), IPDT without guidance (n = 61), or waitlist (n = 60). The IPDT intervention comprised eight self-help modules based on affect-focused dynamic therapy, delivered over 8 weeks on a secure online platform. The primary outcome was SAD symptoms severity measured weekly by the LSAS-SR. Primary analyses were calculated on an intention-to-treat sample including all participants randomly assigned. Secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, quality of life, emotion regulation and defensive functioning. At post-treatment, both active treatments were superior to the waitlist condition with guided treatment exhibiting larger between group effects than unguided treatment (d = 1.07 95% CI [0.72, 1.43], p < .001 and d = 0.61, 95% CI [0.25, 0.98], p = .0018) on the LSAS-SR respectively. Guided IPDT lead to larger improvements than unguided IPDT (d = 0.46, 95% CI [0.11, 0.80], p < .01). At post-treatment, guided IPDT was superior to waitlist on all secondary outcome measures. Unguided IPDT was superior to waitlist on depressive symptoms and general anxiety, but not on emotion regulation, self-compassion or quality of life. Guided IPDT was superior to unguided PDT on depressive symptoms, with a trend towards superiority on a measure of generalized anxiety. At six and twelve month follow-up there were no significant differences between guided and unguided IPDT. In conclusion, IPDT shows promising effects in the treatment of SAD, with larger benefits from guided IPDT compared to non-guided, at least at post-treatment. This finding increases the range of accessible and effective treatment alternatives for adults suffering from SAD. The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials (NCT05015166).
Power-law productivity of highly biodiverse agroecosystems supports land recovery and climate resilience
Authors: Funabashi Masatoshi
Published: May 2024

Transformative change in primary food production is urgently needed in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss. Although there are a growing number of studies aimed at global policymaking, actual implementations require on-site analyses of social feasibility anchored by ecological rationale. This article reports the in-depth characterizations of low-input mixed polyculture of highly diverse crops managed on the self-organization of ecosystems, which performed better compared to conventional monoculture methods in Japan and Burkina Faso. Analyses on crop productivity and diversity showed that the primary production of ecosystems followed a power law, and through the underlying mechanisms excelled in (1) promoting diversity and total quantity of products along with the rapid increase of in-field biodiversity, especially useful for the recovery of local regime shift in a semi-arid environment; (2) a fundamental reduction of inputs and environmental load; and (3) ecosystem-based autonomous adaptation of the crop portfolio to climatic variability. The overall benefits imply substantial possibilities of a new typology of sustainable farming for smallholders sensitive to climate change, which could overcome the historical trade-off between productivity and biodiversity based on the human-guided augmentation of ecosystems.
Dinuclear platinum(ii) complexes with biphenyl-based bis-carbene ligands
Authors: Naskar Rajat , Mondal Bhaskar , Sengupta Diya , Ghosh Aninda , Garai Somenath , Maity Ramananda
Published: May 2024

New bimetallic platinum(ii) complexes with bis-NHC donor ligands featuring 4,4′-di-substitution pattern of the central biphenyl ring have been presented. The complex [2] has been tested as precatalyst in PtII-catalyzed cycloisomerization of enyne.
Introduction to “Chemical biology of metals”
Authors: Casini Angela , Chao Hui , Sun Hongzhe , Chang Christopher J.
Published: May 2024

Angela Casini (Technical University of Munich, Germany), Hui Chao (Sun Yat-Sen University, China), Hongzhe Sun (University of Hong Kong, China), and Christopher J. Chang (University of California, Berkeley, United States) introduce the themed collection on ‘Chemical biology of metals’.
Large-scale production of chiral nematic microspheres
Authors: Jiaqi Yu , Zhixiang Wang , Sirui Chen , Qiongya Li , Yi Qian , Hao Wang , Yuxiao Huang , Zhang Fusheng , Qing Guangyan
Published: May 2024

The membrane emulsification technique enables the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) confined within a spherical geometry for large-scale production.
Enantioselective de novo synthesis of 14-hydroxy-6-oxomorphinans
Authors: Moore Jonathan C. , Modell Louis , Glenn Jacqueline R. , Jones Kieran D. , Argent Stephen P. , Lane J. Robert , Canals Meritxell , Lam Hon Wai
Published: May 2024

The enantioselective de novo synthesis of pharmacologically important 14-hydroxy-6-oxomorphinans is described. 4,5-Desoxynaltrexone and 4,5-desoxynaloxone were prepared using this route and their biological activities against the opioid receptors were measured.
Construction of photofunctional peptide conjugates through selective modification of N-terminal cysteine with cyclometallated iridium(iii) 2-formylphenylboronic acid complexes for organelle-specific imaging, enzyme activity sensing and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Huang Lili , Lee Lawrence Cho-Cheung , Shum Justin , Xu Guang-Xi , Lo Kenneth Kam-Wing
Published: May 2024

Luminescent cyclometallated iridium(iii) complexes bearing a 2-formylphenylboronic acid moiety were designed as new N-terminal-cysteine-targeting theranostic reagents.
Single-atom catalysts based on C2N for sulfur cathodes in Na–S batteries: a first-principles study
Authors: Xu Wanlin , Feng Tengrui , Xia Jiezhen , Cao Rong , Wu Qi
Published: May 2024

DFT calculations reveal that TM@C2N, especially V@C2N, exhibit excellent anchoring and catalytic effects for the conversion of sodium polysulfides.
Reproducibility and stability of silane layers in nanoconfined electrochemical systems
Authors: Duleba Dominik , Denuga Shekemi , Johnson Robert P.
Published: May 2024

The stability and reproducibility of liquid-phase and vapor-phase deposited silane layers in a nanoconfined electrochemical system is explored.
Application of first-row transition metal complexes bearing 1,2,3-triazolylidene ligands in catalysis and beyond
Authors: Stroek Wowa , Albrecht Martin
Published: May 2024

Triazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes, available via click reactions, are versatile ligands for first-row transition metals, leading to complexes with attractive photochemical properties and catalytic activity, some defining the state-of-the-art.
The formation and transport of HNO3 over the Yellow Sea and its impact on the January 2018 PM2.5 episode in Seoul
Authors: Park Hyeon-Yeong , Ahn Joon-Young , Hong Sung-Chul , Lee Jae-Bum , Cho Seog-Yeon
Published: May 2024

Our analysis of monitoring data and simulations showed that particulate nitrate is a major contributor to PM pollution in Seoul. NO2 emitted from China travelled across the Yellow Sea and transformed into HNO3 during the night, resulting in a substantial formation of particulate nitrates in Seoul.
Gastroprotective effects of polysaccharides from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) on an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via regulating immunity and activating the PI3K/Akt/Rheb/mTOR pathway
Authors: Sun Huiqing , Feng Yinyin , Zhang Junhan , Zhang Rui , Ning Fang , She Ziyi , Yun Liyuan , Meng Meng
Published: May 2024

A polysaccharide from purple sweet potato can activate the PI3K/Akt/Rheb/mTOR signaling pathway to improve the immunity of mice and maintain the balance of the immune system, thereby protecting the gastric mucosa and improving stress gastric ulcer.
A self-cleaning micro-fluidic chip biospired by the filtering system of manta rays
Authors: Hu Xiao , Yu Longfei , Zhu Zuchao , Bao Fubing , Lin Jianzhong , Tu Chengxu , Lin Peifeng
Published: May 2024

Size-based particle filtration has become indispensable in numerous biomedical and environmental applications.
Triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for harvesting blue energy and creating an ocean wave warning system
Authors: Wang Weichao , Zhang Yaju , Wu Guoxi , Zhao Zhengyin , Wu Yonghui , Zheng Haiwu
Published: May 2024

The structural diagram and mechanism for electricity generation process of hybrid nanogenerator. Wave energy collection array was proposed for blue energy harvesting and acting as a self-powered wave warning system to monitor changes in ocean waves.
Tannic acid adjusts Pd dispersity over Al2O3 for acetylene selective hydrogenation
Authors: Yang Lijun , Zhou Tianqing , Lei Haotian , Zhang Chaojian , Zhou Huanwen , Liao Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2024

The design and preparation of homogeneously dispersed, stable palladium-loaded catalysts can lead to improved performance and are cost-effective.
Fe-doped Cu-based bimetallic metal–organic frameworks as nanoscale microwave sensitizers for enhancing microwave thermal and dynamic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luo Xi , Sun Han-Yao , Lu Shang-Yu , Zhou Yan , Xu Zi-Qing , Zhong Nan , Lu Yi-Shi , Wang Shou-Ju , Shi Hai-Bin , Tian Wei
Published: May 2024

Illustration of FCM nanoparticles synthesis and its anticancer mechanism, highlighting its high microwave sensitivity and thermal conversion efficiency for synergistic microwave thermal therapy (MTT) and microwave dynamic therapy (MDT).
Palmitic acid-capped MIL-101-Al as a nano-adjuvant to amplify immune responses against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chen Lingming , Liu Shuai , Zhang Yunting , Tang Qiling , Quan Chunyu , Wang Jundan , Peng Xinsheng , Zhong Xiaofang
Published: May 2024

MIL-BC@PAA accumulated in lymph nodes and was internalized by DCs after subcutaneous injection, then induced DC maturation and finally elicited potent humoral and cellular immune responses for eliminating pathogens.
Room-temperature-persistent magnetic interaction between coordination complexes and nanoparticles in maghemite-based nanohybrids
Authors: Curti Leonardo , Prado Yoann , Michel Aude , Talbot Delphine , Baptiste Benoît , Otero Edwige , Ohresser Philippe , Journaux Yves , Cartier-dit-Moulin Christophe , Dupuis Vincent , Fleury Benoit , Sainctavit Philippe , Arrio Marie-Anne , Fresnais Jérôme , Lisnard Laurent
Published: May 2024

Magnetic coordination complexes interact strongly with maghemite nanoparticles, increasing their magnetic anisotropy and remaining coupled up to room temperature.
A review of metal phosphides with catalytic effects in Li–S batteries: boosting the redox kinetics
Authors: Guan Bin , Gao Xiaotian , Wang Zhenhua , Sun Kening
Published: May 2024

The application of metal phosphides from the aspects of characteristics, material structure design, and material interface control. Enhancing the understanding of the operational mechanism and providing guidance for the development of Li–S batteries.
Palladium catalyzed stereoselective intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of (E) & (Z)-ene-vinylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Ning Chao , Yu Zi-Qi , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: May 2024

Palladium catalyzed stereoselective intramolecular cycloaddition reactions of (E) & (Z)-ene-VDCPs toward constructing a series of cis- & trans-bicyclo[4.3.0] products.
Machine learning-guided morphological property prediction of 2D electrospun scaffolds: the effect of polymer chemical composition and processing parameters
Authors: Golbabaei Mohammad Hossein , Varnoosfaderani Mohammadreza Saeidi , Hemmati Farshid , Barati Mohammad Reza , Pishbin Fatemehsadat , Seyyed Ebrahimi Seyyed Ali
Published: May 2024

ML was adopted to predict electrospun scaffolds' morphological properties. The scaffolds' conductivity and fiber diameter were modeled by machine learning. A deep neural network model showed a prediction accuracy with an R2 score of more than 0.7.
A natural fibre based sustainable and high-performance platform for electrochemical sensors
Authors: Gokhale Nachiket Aashish , Rao Vusa Chiranjeevi Srinivasa , Panda Siddhartha
Published: May 2024

Sugarcane skin natural fibre based sustainable electrochemical sensors developed for wide applicability ranging from glucose sensing to heavy metal detection.
Relationship between radar reflectivity thresholds and very low frequency/low frequency total lightning for thunderstorm identification
Authors: Huang Yijun , Wang Jianguo , Cai Li , Fan Yadong , Wang Hongbin , Zhang Tao
Published: May 2024

To improve our knowledge of the spatio‐temporal correspondence between radar reflectivity and VLF/LF total lightning data, this paper proposes indexes to quantify the horizontal distribution and temporal evolution characteristics between radar composite reflectivity images and total lightning density map, lightning clusters and radar cells with different radar reflectivity thresholds (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 dBZ), respectively. It is found that the number of radar grid cells with radar reflectivity over 30 dBZ is ten times the number of lightning grid cells. At the identification stage, the lightning activity regions in a radar cell account for less than 30% using thresholds of 30, 35 and 40 dBZ, respectively, and the radar cell has more than one lightning cluster, which means that the mesoscale convective systems typically have more than one draft, and drafts are only small part of the convection. The majority of the centroid deviations is less than 10 km, indicating that there are some shifts between electrically active regions and convective regions. Results suggest that VLF/LF total lightning data are consistent with radar data and total lightning data can be used individually on a smaller spatio‐temporal scale than radar data.
A group target track‐before‐detect approach using two‐stage strategy with maximum‐likelihood probabilistic data association
Authors: Bu Leiru , Rao Bin , Song Dan
Published: May 2024

In tracking scenarios involving groups with dense targets, achieving effective data association is challenging due to mutual occlusion and interference among targets. The complexity of the tracking problem is further exacerbated in low‐observable environments by the increase in false alarm rates. The track‐before‐detect (TBD) is an advanced technology for detecting and tracking low‐observable targets, effectively mitigating data association problems by integrating multi‐frame echo data. However, the existing multi‐target TBD algorithms typically assume that the targets are spatially separated and are not suitable for scenarios involving group targets. A group target maximum‐likelihood probabilistic data association (GT‐ML‐PDA) algorithm, based on the concept of TBD, is proposed to track group targets effectively in low‐observable environments. The proposed algorithm divides group target tracking into two stages: group centre trajectory estimation and individual target trajectory estimation. To enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm, two strategies are suggested: modifying the equivalent measurements and extracting independent measurement sets for individual targets. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of effectively tracking numerous individual targets within a group, even in the presence of heavy clutter.
Tomographic cross correlations between galaxy surveys and the CMB gravitational lensing potential
Authors: Shekhar Saraf Chandra , Bielewicz Paweł
Published: May 2024

Context. Upcoming surveys of the large-scale structure of our Universe will employ a large coverage area of about half of the sky and will significantly increase the observational depth. With these surveys, we will be able to cross-correlate cosmic microwave background (CMB) gravitational lensing and galaxy surveys divided into narrow redshift bins to map the evolution of the cosmological parameters with redshift.

Aims. We study the effect of the redshift bin mismatch of objects that is due to photometric redshift errors in tomographic cross-correlation measurements.

Methods. We used the code FLASK to create Monte Carlo simulations of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and Planck CMB lensing convergence. We simulated log-normal fields and divided galaxies into nine redshift bins with the Gaussian and modified Lorentzian photometric redshift errors. To estimate the parameters, we used angular power spectra of CMB lensing and galaxy density contrast fields and the maximum likelihood estimation method.

Results. We show that even with simple Gaussian errors with a standard deviation of σ(z) = 0.02(1 + z), the galaxy auto-power spectra in tomographic bins are offset by 2 − 15%. The estimated cross-power spectra between galaxy clustering and CMB lensing are also biased, with smaller deviations < 5%. As a result, the σ8 parameter deviates between 0.2 − 1.2σ due to the redshift bin mismatch of the objects. We propose a computationally fast and robust method based on the scattering matrix approach to correct for the redshift bin mismatch of the objects.

Conclusions. The estimates of the parameters in tomographic studies such as the linear galaxy bias, the cross-correlation amplitude, and σ8 are biased due to the redshift bin mismatch of the objects. The biases in these parameters are alleviated with our scattering matrix approach.
Do spiral arms enhance star formation efficiency?
Authors: Querejeta Miguel , Leroy Adam K. , Meidt Sharon E. , Schinnerer Eva , Belfiore Francesco , Emsellem Eric , Klessen Ralf S. , Sun Jiayi , Sormani Mattia , Bešlić Ivana , Cao Yixian , Chevance Mélanie , Colombo Dario , Dale Daniel A. , García-Burillo Santiago , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , Koch Eric. W. , Neumann Lukas , Pan Hsi-An , Pessa Ismael , Pety Jérôme , Pinna Francesca , Ramambason Lise , Razza Alessandro , Romanelli Andrea , Rosolowsky Erik , Ruiz-García Marina , Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia , Smith Rowan , Stuber Sophia , Ubeda Leonardo , Usero Antonio , Williams Thomas G.
Published: May 2024

Spiral arms, as those of our own Milky Way, are some of the most spectacular features in disc galaxies. It has been argued that star formation should proceed more efficiently in spiral arms as a result of gas compression. Yet, observational studies have so far yielded contradictory results. Here, we examine arm/interarm surface density contrasts at ∼100 pc resolution in 28 spiral galaxies from the PHANGS survey. We find that the arm/interarm contrast in stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆) is very modest, typically a few tens of percent. This is much smaller than the contrasts measured for molecular gas (Σmol) or star formation rate (ΣSFR) surface density, which typically reach a factor of ∼2 − 3. However, Σmol and ΣSFR contrasts show a significant correlation with the enhancement in Σ⋆, suggesting that the small stellar contrast largely dictates the stronger accumulation of gas and star formation. All these contrasts increase for grand-design spirals compared to multi-armed and flocculent systems (and for galaxies with high stellar mass). The median star formation efficiency (SFE) of the molecular gas is 16% higher in spiral arms than in interarm regions, with a large scatter, and the contrast increases significantly (median SFE contrast 2.34) for regions of particularly enhanced stellar contrast (Σ⋆ contrast > 1.97). The molecular-to-atomic gas ratio (Σmol/Σatom) is higher in spiral arms, pointing to a transformation of atomic to molecular gas. As a consequence, the total gas contrast (Σmol + Σatom) slightly drops compared to Σmol (median 4% lower, working at ∼kpc resolution), while the SFE contrast increases when we include atomic gas (median 8% higher than for Σmol). The contrasts show important fluctuations with galactocentric radius. We confirm that our results are robust against a number of effects, such as spiral mask width, tracers, resolution, and binning. In conclusion, the boost in the SFE of molecular gas in spiral arms is generally modest or absent, except for locations with exceptionally large stellar contrasts.
Impact of the hot inner crust on compact stars at finite temperature
Authors: Dehman Clara , Centelles Mario , Viñas Xavier
Published: May 2024

We conducted a study on the thermal properties of stellar matter with the nuclear energy density functional BCPM. This functional is based on microscopic Brueckner–Hartree–Fock calculations and has demonstrated success in describing cold neutron stars. To enhance its applicability in astrophysics, we extended the BCPM equation of state to finite temperature for β-stable neutrino-free matter, taking into consideration the hot inner crust. Such an equation of state holds significant importance for hot compact objects, particularly those resulting from a binary neutron star merger event. Our exploration has shown that with increasing temperature, there is a fast decrease in the crust-core transition density, suggesting that for hot stars it is not realistic to assume a fixed value of this density. The microscopic calculations also reveal that the presence of nuclear clusters persists up to T = 7.21 MeV, identified as the limiting temperature of the crust. Above this threshold, the manifestation of clusters is not anticipated. Below this temperature, clusters within the inner crust are surrounded by uniform matter with varying densities, allowing for the distinction between the upper and lower transition density branches. Moreover, we computed mass–radius relations of neutron stars, assuming an isothermal profile for β-stable neutron star matter at various temperature values. Our findings highlight the significant influence of the hot inner crust on the mass–radius relationship, leading to the formation of larger and more inflated neutron stars. Consequently, under our prescription, the final outcome is a unified equation of state at finite temperature.
Identifying interdisciplinary emergence in the science of science: combination of network analysis and BERTopic
Authors: Kim Keungoui , Kogler Dieter F. , Maliphol Sira
Published: May 2024

Global scientific output is expanding exponentially, which in turn calls for a better understanding of the science of science and especially how the boundaries of scientific fields expand through processes of emergence. The present study proposes the application of embedded topic modeling techniques to identify new emerging science via knowledge recombination activities as evidenced through the analysis of research publication metadata. First, a dataset is constructed from metadata derived from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The dataset is then used to generate a global map representing a categorical scientific co-occurrence network. A research field is defined as interdisciplinary when multiple science categories are listed in its description. Second, the co-occurrence networks are subsequently compared between periods to determine changing patterns of influence in light of interdisciplinarity. Third, embedded topic modeling enables unsupervised association of interdisciplinary classification. We present the results of the analysis to demonstrate the emergence of global interdisciplinary sciences and further we perform qualitative validation on the results to identify what the sources of the emergent areas are. Based on these results, we discuss potential applications for identifying emergence through the merging of global interdisciplinary domains.
International intelligibility of English spoken by college students in the Bashu dialect area of China
Authors: Zeng Jie
Published: May 2024

Exploring English intelligibility in linguistically diverse environments, such as China, is crucial for improving cross-cultural dialog and tailoring language instruction to address the phonetic hurdles of non-native speakers. This research employed a phonetic experimental methodology to assess the intelligibility of English spoken by college students from the Bashu dialect region of Southwest China to an international audience. Data from 40 intermediate English-proficient students in Sichuan and Chongqing were analyzed using open-ended questionnaires and evaluative scales. The findings revealed that the influence of the Bashu dialect significantly impeded the accurate articulation of specific English phonemes, thereby exerting an impact on the international intelligibility of their spoken English. Notably, notwithstanding their conspicuous accents, the research concluded that the English enunciated by these students generally retained intelligibility for global audiences. The study identified a spectrum of pronunciation challenges, encompassing issues with phonetic sounds, recurrent mispronunciations, and variances in accent and prosody, collectively contributing to an overarching influence on intelligibility. Grounded in international listener feedback, this study proffers strategies to augment the intelligibility of spoken English among Chinese learners originating from dialect-specific regions, thereby fostering the amelioration of their communicative skills and bolstering their confidence when engaging with global audiences.
Negotiation within legitimate political boundaries: revealing the bottom-up news filtering of Chinese Party newspapers
Authors: Fu Zhongzhong , Yan Han , Fu Zhongnan
Published: May 2024

The extent to which media employees can make highly individualized decisions has been debated extensively in existing studies on gatekeeping. This case study proposes a bottom-up approach by examining the news filtering practices of Chinese Party (Communist Party of China, CPC) media employees, aiming to expand and deepen research in this field. Drawing upon 16 interviews conducted within a Chinese Party media newsroom, this research explores the news filtering process among different job groups. The study reveals the stratification of filtering preferences within the newsrooms and identifies two forms of bottom-up resistance: resistance by grassroots journalists driven by cost-effectiveness, and resistance by journalists and senior editors rooted in social responsibility. Furthermore, the study confirms that a unified propaganda function is insufficient to compromise the bottom-up resistance of media employees; however, it remains within legitimate political boundaries.
Machine learning approach accelerates search for solid state electrolytes
Authors: Tang Le , Zhang Guozhen , Jiang Jun
Published: May 2024

In the current aera of rapid development in the field of electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage, solid-state battery technology is attracting much research and attention. Solid-state electrolytes, as the key component of next-generation battery technology, are favored for their high safety, high energy density, and long life. However, finding high-performance solid-state electrolytes is the primary challenge for solid-state battery applications. Focusing on inorganic solid-state electrolytes, this work highlights the need for ideal solid-state electrolytes to have low electronic conductivity, good thermal stability, and structural and phase stability. Traditional experimental and theoretical computational methods suffer from inefficiency, thus machine learning methods become a novel path to intelligently predict material properties by analyzing a large number of inorganic structural properties and characteristics. Through the gradient descent-based XGBoost algorithm, we successfully predicted the energy band structure and stability of the materials, and screened out only 194 ideal solid-state electrolyte structures from more than 6000 structures that satisfy the requirements of low electronic conductivity and stability simultaneously, which greatly accelerated the development of solid-state batteries.
Tuning the separability in noncommutative space
Authors: Patra Pinaki
Published: May 2024

With the help of the generalized Peres–Horodecki separability criterion (Simon’s condition) for a bipartite Gaussian state, we have studied the separability of the noncommutative (NC) space coordinate degrees of freedom. Non-symplectic nature of the transformation between the usual commutative space and NC space restricts the straightforward use of Simon’s condition in NCS. We have transformed the NCS system to an equivalent Hamiltonian in commutative space through the Bopp shift, which enables the utilization of the separability criterion. To make our study fairly general and to analyze the effect of parameters on the separability of bipartite state in NC-space, we have considered a bilinear Hamiltonian with time-dependent (TD) parameters, along with a TD external interaction, which is linear in field modes. The system is transformed (Sp(4,R)) into canonical form keeping the intrinsic symplectic structure intact. The solution of the TD-Schrödinger equation is obtained with the help of the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant method (LRIM). Expectation values of the observables (thus the covariance matrix) are constructed from the states obtained from LRIM. It turns out that the existence of the NC parameters in the oscillator determines the separability of the states. In particular, for isotropic oscillators, the separability condition for the bipartite Gaussian states depends on specific values of NC parameters. Moreover, particular anisotropic parameter values for the oscillator may cease the separability. In other words, both the deformation parameters (θ, η) and parameter values of the oscillator (mass, frequency) are important characteristics for the separability of bipartite Gaussian states. Thus tuning the parameter values, one can destroy or recreate the separability of states. With the help of a toy model, we have demonstrated how the tuning of a TD-NC space parameter affects the separability.
Unveiling the transition of tumbling and tank-treading dynamics of star-shaped polyelectrolytes in shear flow by modulating the solution’s dielectric properties
Authors: Peng Bo , Liu Lijun , Wang Dapeng
Published: May 2024

The effects of the solution’s dielectric properties on the conformation and dynamics of star-shaped polyelectrolytes in shear flow are investigated using a hybrid simulation method coupling multi-particle collision dynamics and molecular dynamics. The simulation results showed that by modulating the dielectric properties of the solution, star-shaped polyelectrolytes showed a three-step dynamic behavior transition from tumbling to tank-treading to tumbling dynamics under shear flow. The analysis indicated that this distinct transition in dynamics could be attributed to the uneven distribution of counterions induced by shear on the chain, resulting in a change in the polyelectrolyte conformation and degree of segmental alignment in arms. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the non-equilibrium dynamics of star-shaped polyelectrolytes in shear flow and offer a viable approach for controlling the dynamic behavior of star-shaped polyelectrolytes by adjusting the dielectric properties of the solution.
The characteristics and mechanical properties of Mo/VC interface structures via first-principles calculations
Authors: Xu Wenya , Wang Chen , Li Zhi , Shi Yanjie , Li Hongfu , Li Jian , Liu Yanming , Dai Pan , Meng Yu , Liu Wenting , Lv Xianghong , Jin Na
Published: May 2024

In the present work, 15 Mo/VC interfaces were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Four possible interface orientations, two terminations, and three stacking sites were considered. The adhesion energy (Wad) and interfacial energy (Eint) of these interface models were computed. The results indicate that the C-terminated hollow-site Mo(110)/VC(111) interface exhibits the highest stability with a larger Wad value of 10.64 J m−2 and the lowest Eint value of 2.98 J m−2, followed by the V-terminated central-site Mo(211)/VC(220) interface. Analysis of the electronic structure reveals the formation of strong polar covalent bonds at these interfaces. Additionally, simulations of tensile fracture processes were performed, demonstrating that at strains reaching 22% and 32%, respectively, the ideal tensile strengths for the C-terminated hollow-site Mo(110)/VC(111) interface and V-terminated central-site Mo(211)/VC(220) interface are ∼26.01 and 35.53 GPa. In particular, in the C-terminated hollow-site Mo(110)/VC(111) interface, fracture occurs in the Mo slabs due to concentrated strain when external strain is applied; meanwhile, uniform strain is observed in both Mo(211) and VC(200) slabs within this system. Notably, the V-terminated central-site Mo(211)/VC (220) interface demonstrates excellent tensile strength as well as toughness. These findings suggest that explaining solely based on adhesion work is insufficient to account for the observed tensile strength at these interfaces.
Lagrangian approach for analysis of acoustic energy transport in open cavity flows
Authors: Chen Zhizhe , Liu Yan , Li Zhihui , Wang Pengliang , Zhang Jiazhong
Published: May 2024

The energy transport in aero-acoustics is investigated in the Lagrangian frame. First, based on finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) and momentum potential theory, a Lagrangian approach is proposed to identify transport barriers of acoustic energy. Specifically, the method, named relative flux gradient (RFG), is presented in detail. Then, to verify the method, it is applied to analytical fields, showing that it could reveal the wavefronts and energy transport barriers depending on the time interval of computation. Moreover, RFG is applied to analyze a simulated flow field of an open cavity flow, and the results are compared with the Lagrangian coherent structures identified by FTLE, demonstrating great similarity. Importantly, the differences between the structures are further analyzed, illustrating several transport channels that correspond to the Rossiter mode and showing a complex interaction between acoustic and vorticity modes. Finally, the relationship between the identified transport barriers and the acoustic behaviors in Eulerian frame is studied in detail. The results show that the transport barriers identified by RFG significantly impact the orbits in phase space, and in particular, RFG has the potential to illustrate and analyze the transport of acoustic energy in complex flow fields in a quantitative way: one method for direct analysis of acoustic phenomena in complex flow regions.
Transient simulation of the electrical hysteresis in a metal/polymer/metal nanostructure
Authors: Hao Yutong , Lu Qiuxia , Zhang Yalin , Zhang Maomao , Liu Xiaojing , An Zhong
Published: May 2024

The time-dependent quantum transportation through a metal/polymer/metal system is theoretically investigated on the basis of a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model combined with the hierarchical equations of motion formalism. Using a non-adiabatic dynamical method, the evolution of the electron subspace and lattice atoms with time can be obtained. It is found that the calculated transient currents vary with time and reach stable values after a response time under the bias voltages. However, the stable current as the system reaches its dynamical steady state exhibits a discrepancy between two sweep directions of the bias voltage, which results in pronounced electrical hysteresis loops in the current–voltage curve. By analyzing the evolution of instantaneous energy eigenstates, the occupation number of the instantaneous eigenstates, and the lattice of the polymer, we show that the formation of excitons and the delay of their annihilation are responsible for the hysteretic current–voltage characteristics, where electron–phonon interactions play the key factor. Furthermore, the hysteresis width and amplitude can also be modulated by the strength of the electron–phonon coupling, level-width broadening function, and temperature. We hope these results about past condition-dependent switching performance at a sweep voltage can provide further insight into some of the basic issues of interest in hysteresis processes in conducting polymers.
Effect of pH and salt on the protonation state of fatty aniline investigated by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Krem Sona , Hin Sophea , Sung Siheon , Kim Doseok
Published: May 2024

Langmuir monolayers of fatty aniline (C16-aniline) were investigated using sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy at various pH levels and NaCl concentrations. To analyze the sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectra of aniline, a multi-peak Lorentzian model, in accordance with the theory of SFG for a charged interface, was applied. First, SFG spectra of C16-aniline from pH 2 to 6 at a constant ionic strength of 10 mM (where the phase of the complex potential of the dc-induced signal was suppressed to a few degrees) were fitted with the above-mentioned method. The mean-field theory that considers the chemical equilibrium of the aniline headgroup was used to analyze the fitting results to find that the pKa of aniline is 4.4 ± 0.3. The protonation fraction of the aniline headgroup was estimated to be less than 5% at pH 6 and NaCl concentrations were up to 1M. The generalized Poisson–Boltzmann equation in the Gouy–Chapmann model effectively explained the observed SFG spectra in the OH region for fatty aniline at pH as low as 2, even for the systems without addition of any salt.
Transferable local density-dependent friction in tert-butanol/water mixtures
Authors: Mathes Moritz , Klippenstein Viktor , van der Vegt Nico F. A.
Published: May 2024

Coarse-grained (CG) models informed from molecular dynamics simulations provide a way to represent the structure of an underlying all-atom (AA) model by deriving an effective interaction potential. However, this leads to a speed-up in dynamics due to the lost friction, which is especially pronounced in CG implicit solvent models. Applying a thermostat based on the Langevin equation (LE) provides a way to represent the long-time dynamics of CG particles by reintroducing friction to the system. To improve the representability of CG models of heterogeneous molecular mixtures and their transferability over the mixture compositions, we parameterize an LE thermostat in which the friction coefficient depends on the local particle density (LD). The thermostat friction was iteratively optimized with a Markovian variant of the recently introduced Iterative Optimization of Memory Kernels (IOMK) method. We simulated tert-butanol/water mixtures over a range of compositions, which show a distinct clustering behavior. Our model with LD-dependent friction reproduces the AA diffusion coefficients well over the full range of mixtures and is, therefore, transferable with respect to dynamics.
Improved adaptive war strategy optimization algorithm assisted-adaptive multi-head graph attention mechanism network for remaining useful life of complex equipment
Authors: Zheng Lin , Jia Weijie , Yang Rongqiang
Published: May 2024

The remaining useful life (RUL) of complex equipment is an important criterion to ensure stable operation. In recent years, deep learning-based methods for predicting the RUL of complex equipment have attracted wide attention. However, it is only able to obtain the potential information in the Euclidean space, which hinders their ability to capture the deeply degradation information. Thus, graph neural networks have gradually entered the researchers’ field of vision. Despite the fact that graph neural networks are able to accomplish the task of RUL for complex equipment, there are still limitations that restrict the prediction performance in practical engineering. To address this challenge, an improved adaptive war strategy optimization algorithm assisted-adaptive multi-head graph attention mechanism network (IWSO-LMGAT) is proposed. For one thing, a learnable attention mechanism is proposed to adjust the weights of different heads dynamical and improve the limitation of GAT in obtaining deep degradation information. In addition, since hyperparameters are essential elements affecting the predicted result, inspired by the “no-free lunch” principle, an improved mathematical expression is described to avoid the issue such as precocity, fall into local optimums for WSO so that the optimal hyperparameters of the LMGAT could be obtained. The effectiveness and advancement of IWSO-LMGAT are validated on the CMAPSS dataset, and experimental results show that the proposed method could provide competitive forecasted results compared to traditional methods, that is, R2 = 0.9939, RMSE = 4.3638, and MAPE = 0.0137; this illustrates the IWSO-LMGAT’s potential for the RUL prediction of complex equipment.