bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS TARIF ANGKUTAN ANTAR KOTA SAMARINDA – BALIKPAPAN BERDASARKAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL KENDARAAN (BOK)
Authors: Salsabila Zulfa Lisgia , Gultom Tiopan H. M , Jamal Mardewi
Published: August 2024

Keberadaan angkutan umum mulai tingkat penurunan karena peningkatan jumlah kendaraan roda 2 maupun kendaraan roda 4 pribadi menjadikan tingkat load factor bus AKDP (Antar Kota Dalam Propinsi) cenderung mengalami penurunan, menjadikan estimasi tarif angkutan umum juga mengalami perubahan. Apalagi penurunan loadfactor selama ini juga dibarengi dengan kenaikan bahan bakar minyak sehingga biaya operasional bus semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini menganalisis Biaya Operasional Kendaraan (BOK) pada setiap armada yang telah dipilih. Data di dapat dengan survey loadfactor pada setiap armada dan juga wawancara dengan pengelola bus AKDP PO.Jahe Raya, PO.Araffat Transport, PO.Pulau Jaya Indah, dan PO.Bone Indah Jaya. Dari hasil analisis biaya operasional kendaraan (BOK) yang ada dilakukan evaluasi perbandingan dengan analisis menggunakan metode yang sesuai dengan Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Darat Republik Indonesia (SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, kesimpulan yang didapatkan ialah Tarif bus AKDP pada analisis tarif berdasarkan BOK menggunakan loadfactor ideal (70%) sebesar Rp.34.000, Sedangkan tarif berdasarkan BOK menggunakan loadfactor di lapangan (37%) sebesar Rp.64.000, Sedangkan tarif yang berlaku dilapangan adalah Rp.43.000, dan tarif yang ditetapkan pemerintah ialah Rp.28.500. Terdapat perbandingan tarif loadfactor ideal 70% dan loadfactor lapangan 37% dalam 1 rit perjalanan. Seharusnya dalam kondisi normal pendapatan 1 rit adalah sebesar Rp.1.088.000. Selama pandemik load factor 1 rit perjalanan adalah 37% sama dengan 17 orang penumpang, tarif yang dikenakan adalah Rp.43.000 sehingga pendapatan per rit adalah Rp.731.000. Untuk mengejar pendapatan ideal dengan load factor 70%, seharusnya tarif dinaikan menjadi Rp.64.000. Artinya sekali perjalanan operator bus mengalami kerugian sebesar Rp.357.000. Tarif Rp.64.000 sudah setara dengan nilai Biaya Operasional Kendaraan, yang artinya operator tidak mengalami kerugian.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS PADA TITIK BLACKSPOT di RUAS JALAN AHMAD YANI KILOMETER 21, JALAN WAHID HASYIM II dan JALAN CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO SAMARINDA
Authors: Nurtisty Muhammad Reza , E. Simangunsong Johannes , P. Arifin Triana Sharly , Budi Haryanto Budi
Published: August 2024

Tingginya angka kecelakaan di Kota Samarinda dan salah satu kecelakaan tertinggi di Samarinda yaitupada Jalan Ahmad Yani KM. 21, Jalan Wahid Hasyim II dan Jalan Cipto Mangun Kusumo. Untukmengatasi permasalahan kecelakaan lalu lintas pada tiga jalan tersebut, maka dilakukan penelitianmengenai analisis karakteristik faktor kecelakaan lalu lintas pada jalan tersebut. Berdasarkan Hasil Surveypenyebab kecelakaan yang terjadi di Jalan Ahmad Yani Km 21 yakni karena adanya faktor manusia (67%),Jalan Wahid Hasyim II (83%), Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo (100%). Dari hasil analisis angka kecelakaanmenggunakan metode EAN, BKA dan UCL bahwa pada Jalan Ahmad Yani Km 21 pada titik 1(EAN=24>BKA=24,4 UCL=22,4) pada titik 5 (EAN=40>BKA=24,4, UCL=24,62). Pada Jalan WahidHasyim II pada titik 4 (EAN=21>BKA=19,26, UCL=18,39) pada titik 11 (EAN=44>BKA=19,26,UCL=22,93). Pada Jalan Cipto Mangunkusumo pada titik 2 (EAN=24>BKA=22,88 UCL=20,76) pada titik13 (EAN=32>BKA=22,88, UCL=22,07).
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MATERIAL TANAH DAN MATERIAL PASIR LAUT PADA BEBAN PRELOADING TERHADAP WAKTU PELAKSANAAN DAN BIAYA
Authors: Alfhat Muhmmad , Widiastuti Masayu , Jamal Mardewi
Published: August 2024

Dalam dunia proyek, waktu dan biaya merupakan tolak ukur keberhasilan suatu proyek. Semakin singkatpenyelesaian suatu proyek dan semakin murah biaya yang dikeluarkan, tanpa memperburuk mutu dankualitas hasil dari pekerjaan proyek, maka semakin berhasil proyek tersebut terjalankan. Namun padakenyataan di lapangan saat ini, banyak proyek – proyek konstruksi yang menjadi tidak menguntungkankarena berbagai macam faktor. Pada studi kasus pekerjaan proyek yang diambil kali ini terdapat beberapahal yang dirasa menarik mulai dari Manajemen Proyek hingga penggunakan material pada prosespreloading itu sendiri yang pada perencanaannya menggunakan material dari laut (pasir laut). Penelitianini bertujuaan untuk mengetahui perbedaan waktu dan biaya pada penggunaan material tanah dan pasir laut.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan analisis yang telah dilakukan terhadap material tanah dan pasir laut padapelaksanaan proyek. Durasi waktu pelaksanaan timbunan material tanah dengan volume pekerjaan76.432,72 m3 adalah 100 hari sedangkan durasi waktu pelaksanaan timbunan material pasir laut denganvolume pekerjaan 69.229,64 m3 adalah 91 hari. Sehingga perbedaan selisih waktu pada material tanah danpasir laut adalah selama 9 hari atau 9,00%. Biaya pelaksanaan timbunan dengan material tanah adalahRp.11.413.706.749,00 sedangkan biaya pelaksanaan timbunan dengan material pasir laut adalahRp.11.391.072.018,00. Sehingga perbedaan selisih biaya pada material tanah dan pasir laut adalahRp.22.634.731. atau 0,19%.
ANALISIS TARIF ANGKUTAN KOTA TRAYEK K RUTE SAMARINDA SEBERANG – LOAJANAN ILIR BERDASARKAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL KENDARAAN (BOK)
Authors: Veronica Vera , Gultom Tiopan H. M , Sutanto Heri
Published: August 2024

Transportasi berkembang sangat cepat saat ini. Hal ini disebabkan kemajuan teknologi dan peningkatantaraf hidup masyarakat. Salah satu moda transportasi yang paling mudah tersedia dan banyak digunakanadalah angkutan umum. Samarinda merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia yang umumnya tidak terlepasdari sektor transportasi. Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah kendaraan yang tinggi dan signifikansetiap tahunnya. Pada umumnya masyarakat menginginkan angkutan umum yang aman, cepat, murah, dannyaman. Tarif adalah biaya yang harus dibayar oleh pengguna jasa angkutan umum per satuan berat ataupenumpang per km yang dinyatakan dalam rupiah. Pemerintah daerah menetapkan besarnya tarif denganmenetapkan batas atas (tarif maksimum) dan batas bawah (tarif minimum) yang disesuaikan denganbesarnya biaya kendaraan. sehingga diharapkan agar besarnya tarif yang akan dikenakan kepadapenumpang tidak memberatkan atau sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku serta memberi keuntungan wajarkepada pihak penguasa angkutan. Maka hal tersebut menjadi dasar penulis melakukan penelitian terhadappenentuan tarif angkutan kota.Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan, ialah survei pendahuluan. Lalu dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan dataprimer yaitu dengan melakukan survei pada dua perusahaan angkutan kota trayek k yaitu PT.Arung MandiriJaya dan CV. Kalung mas. Lalu pengambilan data sekunder didapatkan melalui Dinas Perhubungan KotaSamarinda. Survei untuk mendapatkan data primer dilakukan selama 4 hari, yaitu 2 hari weekday dan 2hari weekend. Pada saat survei di lapangan dilakukan pengambilan data naik turun penumpang sehinggadidapatkan load factornya. Lalu dilakukan survei wawancara dengan pihak sopir angkutan kota trayek kguna mendapatkan harga-harga dari komponen biaya operasional kendaraan. Setelah itu menghitung tarifberdasarkan SK.687/AJ.206/DRJD/2002 guna dapat membandingkan tarif yang berlaku dilapangandengan tarif biaya operasional kendaraan.Berdasarkan hasil survei diketahui tarif saat pandemi adalah Rp.5.000-Rp.6.000. Okupansi selama 4 harisurvei diketahi adalah 45%, dengan rata-rata jarak perjalanan per penumpang adalah 6 Km. Berdasarkananalisis biaya operasional kendaraan diketahu tarifnya adalah Rp.6.600/penumpang-km. Tarif ini masihdiatas biaya operasional kendaraan dengan load factor ideal 70% yaitu 4.200/penumpang-km. Selamapandemic operator angkutan kota mengalami kerugian sebesar Rp.1.600/penumpang-km.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH UNTUK BAHAN TAMBAH PEMBUATAN BATU BATA RINGAN
Authors: Putri Yemima Anggy Guspita Mega , Abdi Fachriza Noor , Haryanto Budi
Published: August 2024

Di Indonesia penggunaan limbah fly ash masih kurang optimum. Fly ash dapat digunakan sebagai fillerkarena ukuran partikel yang sangat lembut sehingga dapat sebagai pengisi rongga antar agregat. Salah satucara dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu dengan menggunakan kembali limbah fly ash pada pembuatanbata ringan Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC).Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, diadakan penelitian yang menggunakan limbah fly ash sebagai bahan tambahpada campuran bata ringan dengan variasi sebesar 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% dan variasi 0% sebagai kofisienpembanding terhadap berat semen. Pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengujian kuattekan dengan dimensi benda uji 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm; pengujian kuat tarik belah dengan dimensi benda ujiberdiameter 10 cm dan tinggi 20 cm; dan pengujian kuat tarik belah dengan dimensi benda uji 40 cm x 40cm x 5 cm pada waktu 28 hari.Hasil dari pengujian pada penelitian ini yaitu kuat tekan tertinggi berada pada variasi 15% dengan nilairata-rata 8,73 MPa; nilai kuat tarik belah tertinggi berada pada variasi 15% dengan nilai rata-rata 0,53 MPadan untuk nilai permeabilitas tertinggi berada pada variasi 0% dengan nilai 0,164 mm/menit. Berdasarkanhasil tersebut, maka penambahan fly ash pada pembuatan benda uji sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasilpengujian kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah dan permeabilitas.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT PADA BATA RINGAN
Authors: Azizah Rizkyka Nur , Abdi Fachriza Noor , Haryanto Budi
Published: August 2024

Batu bata merupakan material sturuktur dinding untuk konstruksi yang banyak digunakan, namun seiringberjalannya waktu terdapat perubahan pada batu bata konvensional antara lain yaitu bata ringan. Bataringan digunakan karena berat jenis bata ringan lebih ringan tetapi lebih kuat dari batu bata padaumumnya sehingga membuat struktur pondasi bangunan akan menerima beban yang lebih kecil. AbuCangkang Kelapa sawit adalah salah satu bahan material yang memiliki berat jenis yang rendah. Dengandigunakannya batu apung pada campuran, maka diharapkan dapat membawa pengaruh sebagai bahantambah pada bata ringan.Penelitian ini dimulai dengan melakukan pengujian terhadap masing-masing bahan penyusun campuranbata ringan dan membuat rancangan bata ringan berdasarkan metode SNI 03-6882-2014 menggunakanabu cangkang kelapa sawit sebagai bahan tambah dengan variasi 0%, 5%, 8%, 10% dan 15%. Pengujianbata ringan meliputi kuat tekan, kuat tarik dan permeabilitas. Total benda uji sebanyak 50 buah bataringan dengan ukuran yang berbeda-beda menyesuaikan pengujian bata ringan, dalam perawatan selama28 hari.Hasil penelitian kuat tekan bata ringan pada umur 28 hari rata-rata variasi 0% menghasilkan kuat tekan5,63 MPa, pada variasi 5% menghasilkan kuat tekan 7,02 MPa, pada variasi 8% menghasilkan kuat tekan7,41 MPa, pada variasi 10% menghasilkan kuat tekan 7,88 MPa dan pada variasi 15% menghasilkan kuattekan 8,21 MPa. Terjadi penambahan kekuatan pada kuat tekan sebesar 0,52%. Hasil kuat tarik belahrata-rata dari bata ringan umur 28 hari variasi 0% adalah 0,46 MPa, pada variasi 5% adalah 0,46 MPa,pada variasi 8% adalah 0,56 MPa, pada variasi 10% adalah 0,63 MPa dan pada variasi 15% adalah 0,69MPa. Terjadi penambahan kekuatan pada kuat tarik sebesar 0,011% Berdasarkan hasil penelitianpermeabilitas didapatkan nilai tertinggi pada variasi 0% (0,236 mm/menit) dan terendah pada variasi 15%(0,154 mm/menit).
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI AGREGAT HALUS DENGAN SERBUK CANGKANG KERANG DARAH TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Tansera Pali Celine , Abdi Fachriza Noor , P. Arifin Triana Sharly
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan limbah cangkang kerang sekaligusmenyelamatkan lingkungan pantai dari pencemaran sekaligus mencari inovasi baru padateknologi beton, dan ingin mengetahui bagaimana pengaruhnya sebagai bahan substitusiagregat halus pada campuran beton.Substitusi cangkang kerang halus dengan variasi 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25% darivolume agregat halus, dengan FAS 0,4 dan sampel berbentuk silinder 15 cm x 30 cmmasing-masing 5 buah sehingga berjumlah 35 sampel. Sampel-sampel tersebut akandilakukan pengujian setelah berumur 28 hari. Pengukuran slump pada masing-masingcampuran menunjukkan nilai slump yang bervariasi : beton normal = 14 cm, betonsubstitusi 5% = 17 cm, beton substitusi 10% = 14 cm, beton substitusi 15% = 14 cm,beton substitusi 20% = 18 cm, dan beton substitusi 25% = 15 cm.Hasil pengetesan beton diperoleh kuat tekan sebesar: 21,31 MPa, 16,14 MPa, 20,31Mpa, 20,55 MPa, 22,63 MPa, dan 25,05 MPa. Dari hasil di atas dapat disimpulkanbahwa substitusi cangkang kerang 25% meningkatkan kuat tekan maksimum (25,05 %)dari beton normal, sedangkan substitusi cangkang kerang 10%, 15%, dan 20%memenuhi kuat tekan rencana beton, maka substitusi serbuk cangkang kerang 10%,15%, 20%, dan 25% dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kuat tekanbeton , sedangkan substitusi 5% mengalami penurunan kuat tekan sebesar 5,17 % daribeton normal
PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN COCA-COLA DAN GULA PASIR TERHADAP SETTING TIME DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Miranda Annisa , Rahman Tamrin , Jamal Mardewi , Ariani Indra
Published: August 2024

Pembangunan infrastruktur di Kalimantan Timur terus mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini tidak lepas darikebutuhan masyarakat terhadap fasilitas infrastruktur yang semakin maju, seperti pembangunan gedungbertingkat, bendungan dan fasilitas lainnya. Namun, karena Kalimantan cenderung mengalami iklim tropisyang dikenal dengan cuaca yang hangat dan lembab, terlebih di Kota Samarinda yang rawan mengalaibanjir, maka hal ini dapat berpengaruh pada pendsitribusian material bahan bangunan antar daerah. Salahsatu material paling dibuthkan dalam pembangunan infrastruktur adalah beton. Hampir semua elemenkonstruksi dari berbagai struktur dapat dibuat menggunakan beton. Beton memiliki kuat tekan yang tinggisehingga itu menjadi salah satu keunggulan yang dimiliki beton.Penelitian ini menggunakan Coca-Cola sebagai substitusi sebagian air dengan variasi 2.5%, 5%, 10% dan15% dari berat semen, serta gula pasir sebagai bahan tambah dengan variasi 0.27%, 0.54%, 1.08%, dan1.62% dari berat semen. Benda uji terdiri dari 54 silinder dengan diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm.Pengujian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan kuat tekan pada umur beton 28 dan60 hari. Perencanaan adukan beton menggunakan metode SK SNI 2834-2000 dan mutu beton yangdirencanakan sebesar 20 Mpa.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu pengikatan terlama diperoleh campuran dengan persentase Coca-Colasebanyak 15% dengan waktu ikat awal 1662 menit dan waktu ikat akhir 2511 menit. Kuat tekan betonnormal yang didapat sebesar 21,17 MPa, sedangkan hasil pengujian kuat tekan maksimum diperolehcampuran Coca-Cola 2.5% sebesar 22,56 MPa pada 28 hari dan 34,95 Mpa pada 60 hari. Berdasarkan hasilpengujian, penambahan Coca-Cola dan gula pasir terbukti dapat menunda waktu pengerasan beton dandapat meningkatkan kuat tekan beton sampai variasi tertentu (dalam penelitian ini Coca-Cola maksimal 5%dan gula pasir maksimal 0.54% dari berat semen), apabila melebihi variasi tersebut maka beton justrumenjadi rapuh dan tidak dapat digunakan.
Perspectives on the August 1924 Uprising in Georgia
Authors: Blauvelt Timothy , Akhobadze Ketevan
Published: August 2024

Three years after the forceful imposition of Soviet rule in Georgia, the Bolshevik leadership there, itself fractious and lacking a broad base of popular support, faced a large-scale armed uprising in August 1924. Making use of a range of recently available and underutilized primary sources from the period as well as the existing secondary literature, this article considers the 1924 uprising in Georgia from several different perspectives – of the Georgian Government-in-Exile in France, of the leadership of the Communist Party in Georgia, of the Georgian secret police, the Cheka, and of the central Bolshevik leadership in Moscow – in order to explore the likely causes and consequences of these events.
Top-down instructions influence the attentional weight on color and shape dimensions during bidimensional search
Authors: Xu Zoe (Jing) , Lleras Alejandro , Gong Zixu , Buetti Simona
Published: August 2024

Efficient searches are guided by target-distractor distinctiveness: the greater the distinctiveness, the faster the search. Previous research showed that when the target and distractors differ along both color and shape dimensions (i.e., bidimensional search), distinctiveness along individual dimensions combine collinearly to guide the search, following a city-block metric. This result was found when participants expected the target and distractors to differ along both dimensions. In the present study, we used an instruction manipulation to investigate how bidimensional search varies in response to different top-down instructions. Using unidimensional search performance observed in Experiment 1, we predicted bidimensional search performance under three conditions: when participants were instructed to attend to color (Experiment 2), shape (Experiment 3), or both (Experiment 4). Results showed that instructions influenced how distinctiveness along color and shape combine to guide attention: when instructed to search for a target color, participants allocated more attentional weight to the color dimension (and less weight to the shape dimension) compared to when instructed to search for a target shape. Our study presents a novel technique to quantify how top-down instructions change attentional weighting to different features during bidimensional visual searches.
The Effect of Rayleigh-Love Coupling in an Anisotropic Medium
Authors: Liu Xiongwei , Ritzwoller Michael
Published: August 2024

For a weakly anisotropic medium, Rayleigh and Love wave phase speeds at angular frequency $\omega$ and propagation azimuth $\psi$ are given approximately by $V(\omega,\psi) = A_0 + A_{2c} \cos 2 \psi + A_{2s} \sin 2 \psi + A_{4c} \cos 4 \psi + A_{4s} \sin 4 \psi$. Earlier theories of the propagation of surface waves in anisotropic media based on non-degenerate perturbation theory predict that the dominant components are expected to be $2\psi$ for Rayleigh waves and $4\psi$ for Love waves. This paper is motivated by recent observations of the the 2$\psi$ component for Love waves and 4$\psi$ for Rayleigh waves, referred to here as ``unexpected anisotropy". To explain these observations, we present a quasi-degenerate theory of Rayleigh-Love coupling in a weakly anisotropic medium based on Hamilton's Principle in Cartesian coordinates, benchmarking this theory with numerical results based on SPECFEM3D. We show that unexpected anisotropy is expected to be present when Rayleigh-Love coupling is strong and recent observations of Rayleigh and Love wave 2$\psi$ and 4$\psi$ anisotropy can be fit successfully with physically plausible models of a depth-dependent tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) medium. In addition, when observations of the 2$\psi$ and 4$\psi$ components of Rayleigh and Love anisotropy are used in the inversion, the ellipticity parameter $\eta_X$, introduced here, is better constrained, we can constrain the absolute dip direction based on polarization measurements, and we provide evidence that the mantle should be modeled as a tilted orthorhombic medium rather than a TTI medium. Ignoring observations of unexpected anisotropy may bias the estimated seismic model significantly. We also provide information about the polarization of the quasi-Love waves and coupling between fundamental mode Love and overtone Rayleigh waves in both continental and oceanic settings. The theory of SV-SH coupling for horizontally propagating body waves is presented for comparison with the surface wave theory, with emphasis on results for a TTI medium.
This and That in Depression: Cross-linguistic Semantic Effects
Authors: Kruse Line , Rocca Roberta , Todisco Emanuela , Vesper Cordula , Waade Peter Thestrup , Wallentin Mikkel
Published: August 2024

Demonstratives (in English "this" and "that") are pivotal to human communication, facilitating joint attention and the establishment of a common ground of reference. All languages have at least two forms, typically distinguishing proximal from distal space, where "space" is defined by a range of context-dependent physical, psychological, social and referent-intrinsic factors. Recent work based on the Demonstrative Choice Task (DCT) has indicated, that in the absence of a guiding context, demonstrative reference may capture an experienced or emotional proximity to the referent concepts, and that semantic differences in responses allow implicit inferences on individual differences in psychological space related to depression. The present paper investigated the extent to which these patterns generalize across languages, including German, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Chinese and Tagalog Filipino samples. DCT-based classification models robustly outperformed baseline models in all languages except for Chinese, and showed similar semantic patterns as observed for English. Particularly negative emotion features were consistently among the most important features across models, for which choice of the proximal demonstrative form was more frequent in the depression group than the control group. The opposite pattern was observed for positive emotion features, however, these effects were more variable across languages. Results suggest that simple lexical choices in the DCT capture semantic differences in experiential states related to depression, and may be used to map individuals along a broad semantic space, potentially providing novel insights into individual differences in disorder states and etiology.
The Hubble hypothesis and the developmentalist's dilemma
Authors: Richters John E.
Published: August 2024

Developmental psychopathology stands poised at the close of the 20th century on the horns of a major scientific dilemma. The essence of this dilemma lies in the contrast between its heuristically rich open system concepts on the one hand, and the closed system paradigm it adopted from mainstream psychology for investigating those models on the other. Many of the research methods, assessment strategies, and data analytic models of psychology’s paradigm are predicated on closed system assumptions and explanatory models. Thus, they are fundamentally inadequate for studying humans, who are unparalleled among open systems in their wide ranging capacities for equifinal and multifinal functioning. Developmental psychopathology faces two challenges in successfully negotiating the developmentalist’s dilemma. The first lies in recognizing how the current paradigm encourages research practices that are antithetical to developmental principles, yet continue to flourish. I argue that the developmentalist’s dilemma is sustained by long standing, mutually enabling weaknesses in the paradigm’s discovery methods and scientific standards. These interdependent weaknesses function like a distorted lens on the research process by variously sustaining the illusion of theoretical progress, obscuring the need for fundamental reforms, and both constraining and misguiding reform efforts. An understanding of how these influences arise and take their toll provides a foundation and rationale for engaging the second challenge. The essence of this challenge will be finding ways to resolve the developmentalist’s dilemma outside the constraints of the existing paradigm by developing indigenous research strategies, methods, and standards with fidelity to the complexity of developmental phenomena.
The Experience of Stigma and Concealment in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Maguire Rebecca , Ahern Aisling , Shrivastava Sowmya , Maguire Phil
Published: August 2024

Despite a growing acceptance of chronic health conditions, people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) can experience stigma. We aimed to understand the extent, nature and predictors of stigma in MS, and to explore how this relates to MS concealment. A mixed-methods cross-sectional survey (n=242), designed with public and patient involvement, was conducted in October-November 2023. MS stigma was measured using a 9-item scale, along with questions on the nature and sources of stigma. Hierarchical regression analysis explored sociodemographic, health and psychosocial predictors of stigma, while reflexive thematic analysis identified stigma experiences described in open-text responses. The hierarchical regression model predicted 70% of variance in stigma scores, with stigma associated with higher loneliness (β=.38,p<.001), lower MS self-efficacy (β=-.21,p<.001), lower self-rated health (β=-.19,p<.001), female gender (β=-.16,p<.01), progressive MS type (β=-.15,p<.01), and greater difficulty in making ends meet (β=-.13,p=.01). Only 10% of participants had never experienced MS stigma, with themes of misunderstanding, isolation/exclusion, unwanted inputs, accessibility struggles, medical disregard and personal stigma described. Anticipated stigma predicted higher levels of MS concealment. Overall openness of individual MS symptoms varied, suggesting some are more stigmatized than others. Findings highlight how the experience of stigma in MS can take many different forms and that this may have implications for MS disclosure. While certain sociodemographic and health factors put PwMS at risk, interventions that increase MS self-efficacy and reduce loneliness may also reduce stigma. Raising awareness of MS and increasing accessibility of services may offer ways in which stigma can be reduced at a societal level.
Modeling Construct Change Over Time Amidst Potential Changes in Construct Measurement: A Longitudinal Moderated Factor Analysis Approach
Authors: Chen Siyuan Marco , Bauer Daniel J.
Published: August 2024

In analyzing longitudinal data with growth curve models, a critical assumption is that changes in the observed measures reflect construct change and not changes in the manifestation of the construct over time. However, growth curve models are often fit to a repeated measure constructed as a sum or mean of scale items, making an implicit assumption of constancy of measurement. This practice risks confounding actual construct change with changes in measurement (i.e., differential item functioning; DIF), threatening the validity of conclusions. An improved method that avoids such confounding is the second-order growth curve model (SGC). It specifies a measurement model at each occasion of measurement that can be evaluated for invariance over time. The applicability of SGC is hindered by key limitations: (1) SGC treats time as continuous when modeling construct growth but as discrete when modeling measurement, reducing interpretability and parsimony; (2) the evaluation of DIF becomes increasingly error-prone given multiple timepoints and groups; (3) DIF associated with continuous covariates is difficult to incorporate. Drawing on moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA), we propose an alternative approach that provides a parsimonious framework for including many timepoints and DIF from different types of covariates. We implement this model through Bayesian estimation, allowing for incorporation of regularizing priors to facilitate efficient evaluation of DIF. We demonstrate a two-step workflow of measurement evaluation and growth modeling, with an empirical example examining changes in adolescent delinquency over time.
Book Review: The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness, by Jonathan Haidt
Authors: Dienlin Tobias
Published: August 2024

Jonathan Haidt's "The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness" presents a thought-provoking yet contentious exploration of the decline in youth well-being, particularly focusing on social media's role and the reduction of unsupervised play. Haidt attributes an apparent but disputed rise in mental health issues among adolescents, especially girls, to increased online exposure and decreased opportunities for independent offline activities. He proposes stringent measures, such as smartphone bans in schools and higher age limits for social media use, to mitigate these effects. However, Haidt's arguments have sparked significant debate. While he offers a nuanced critique of specific social media platforms, his conclusions can be criticized for relying heavily on anecdotal evidence and selective studies, overlooking broader research that suggests more modest effects. Haidt's narrative risks promoting technophobia and overgeneralization, potentially leading to misguided policies. The ongoing discourse on youth mental health in the digital age calls for a more balanced and evidence-based approach to fully understand the complexities involved.
“We are not afraid of Starbucks, what might happen is that Colombians will drink more coffee”. The arrival of Starbucks to the land of Juan Valdez.
Authors: Herrera Juan C. S.
Published: August 2024

In June 16 2014 Starbucks opened its first store in Bogotá, Colombia. This paper analyzes how the Colombian identity as a nation of coffee shaped the reaction by the major Colombian newspaper before and after the arrival of Starbucks. In order to frame my research I relied on secondary sources to understand the history of the Colombian coffee culture and the three main areas that contributed to shape Colombia’s identity as a coffee nation: (1) a small scale production from which thousands of families depended, (2) an avid global market for coffee and (3) the successful establishment of FNC in 1927 which confronted the 1980’s coffee crisis by changing its strategy as a raw coffee producer into a consumer oriented brand as a measure after the 1989 coffee crisis. On the other hand, the relation between coffee and identity in Bogotá. Its major urban center, revolves around notions of semi-public spaces usually dominated by man. With this framework in mind I analyzed my primary sources on Eltiempo.com during 2014 by looking at the anticipation to the arrival of Starbucks and to what happened during the arrival and after it. I focused on two aspects (1) how the Starbucks arrival contrasts with the acquisition of OMA, by a Costa Rican investment fund, which raised no comments and (2) the strategy that Starbucks adopted in order to enter the Colombian market by focusing on a discourse of respect and help to the Colombian growers. I argue that particular historical responses were important in shaping the Identity of Colombia as a nation of coffee producers but that this has not been translated into the realm of consumption, in spite of the recent efforts by the FNC, thus on the consumption side the arrival of Starbucks will increase consumption and perhaps foster a consumer oriented culture of coffee.
Religion Does Matter (But It’s Only Half the Story)
Authors: Sosteric Mike , Sosteric Tristan
Published: August 2024

In the article “Religion Matters,” Samuel Perry acknowledges sociological neglect of religion, citing several reasons for this neglect. While we agree that religion has been neglected and that it is high-time to take a closer look; we also argue that in addition to embracing a study of religion, sociologists also need to embrace a study of mysticism and “mystical experience,” or as we prefer to call it, connection experience.
Empirical evidence for the spread of cooperation through copying successful groups
Authors: Kido Yuta , Takezawa Masanori
Published: August 2024

Large-scale cooperation among unrelated humans remains an evolutionary puzzle. Cultural group selection theory suggests that strong intergroup selection drives the evolution of cooperation, given substantial behavioral variation between groups. This study investigated payoff-biased imitation of successful out-groups as an intergroup selection process, specifically as an alternative to warfare-based mechanisms. We thus conducted two experiments manipulating exposure to cooperative out-group information in public goods games, demonstrating that cooperative behavior can indeed transmit across group boundaries, thereby influencing decision-making processes. However, this effect gradually diminished within groups, and transmitted cooperation was not likely to spread. Additionally, we performed a cross-cultural survey examining relationships between press freedom, which is a proxy for accessibility to out-group information, and different types of prosociality. The results revealed contrasting relationships, particularly in democratic countries: higher press freedom positively predicted impersonal prosociality (e.g., generalized trust) while negatively predicting personal prosociality (e.g., trust in family). These findings suggest that cultural processes such as payoff-biased imitation can facilitate the spread of cooperation beyond group boundaries, serving as a potential channel for intergroup selection. Finally, we discuss the implications for cultural group selection theory and additional mechanisms’ potential role in sustaining within-group cooperation.
Drone Society: An Abductive Analysis of Civilian Drone Culture
Authors: Issar Shiv
Published: August 2024

While Sociology has historically engaged with the transformative social experiences associated with technology since the Industrial Revolution, the study of civilian “drones” (or unmanned aerial vehicles) in their current societal ubiquity has surprisingly remained neglected. This dissertation addresses this gap by taking the under-examined practice of civilian drone operations as its object of analysis and conducting an in-depth inquiry into civilian drone culture. Through an abductive, multi-sited investigation of drone pilots’ experiences, this study provides a sociologically-informed understanding of the processes that structure the identities and social practices of civilian drone pilots, as well as their role in the shaping of technonatural knowledge within the rapidly expanding “Drone Society”. By doing so, this dissertation positions civilian drones and their pilots as central components within an emergent social order, extending them far beyond their militaristic contexts, regulatory concerns, and other technical domains. Through its research questions and an interdisciplinary approach, the dissertation examines the mechanisms that concern the process of “becoming” a drone pilot, the nature of work within the drone society, the relationship between precarity and the use of civilian drones, and finally, the influence of drone media (i.e., drone photographs, videos, and other data) on perceptions of both, built and natural environments. Analysis of data collected through 29 in-depth qualitative interviews, participant observation, and digital ethnography performed over a year reveals how civilian drone pilots construct and negotiate their identities within broader technocultural networks and how civilian drone culture is often marked by a spirit of collaboration, economic informality and the exchange of specialized forms of knowledge. This dissertation’s findings also furnish an examination of the gendered dimensions of drone operation, highlighting significant exclusionary practices that result from the masculinization of technical expertise and novel forms of precarity that civilian drone pilots are exposed to daily. Crucially, the analysis reveals how the use of drones and drone media creates dual perceptions of environments (on a physical and digital level), and how an interplay between physical and digital realities fosters new forms of spatial knowledge, awareness, and experience, thus reshaping how people perceive and engage with their surroundings. Collectively, these findings underscore how drones are redefining social organization, leisure, work, and epistemic practices, thus positioning them as influential actors in the contemporary sociotechnical landscape.
The feast for the dead: cinnamon, anise, sugar, moles and a departure from everyday life: rituals to remember the dead and the role of food in the Day of the Dead
Authors: Herrera Juan C. S.
Published: August 2024

This paper shows that the Taste of the dead, defined as the practices that are associated with food offerings to the dead in Mexico, is created since childhood in a learned ritual in which foods acts a as a facilitator of the memory process that links the dead and the alive. This process is located in a broader context of practices that shape the ritual in a multi-sensory environment that imprints a process of memory and remembrance in the brain. Moreover, the flexibility of this ritual to take globalized influences, foods and discourses (as in the names of recipes) allows it to perpetuate itself and thus continue to play a central role in the calendar of festivities in Mexico. Food is in this sense a gustatory-visual-olfactory social artifact that is valued and requires an extra investment and effort to be made. An extra effort that is necessary as it links the need for nourishment of the dead that is fulfilled by the alive while they remember. This process of remembrance allows for the dead to be part of the social realm of the alive. Food acts, in this sense as a mediator. By exciting multiple senses it imprints the brain with memories and the calendar with a festivity to look for, one that has transcended globalization, clashes of cultures, uneven structures of power and tourism. One that has been able to hybridize and constitute a central piece in the Mexican identity.
Profile of Students' Mathematical Literacy Based on Level of Mathematical Connection Ability
Authors: Nabilah Wardatun , Faradiba Surya Sari , Fuat Fuat , Risalah Dewi , Widjajanti Kristina
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to describe students' mathematical literacy abilities based on the level of mathematical connection ability using a qualitative descriptive approach. The researcher as the main instrument was assisted by test questions to measure the ability to connect mathematics and mathematical literacy, as well as interviews. The research subjects were 3 class IX students of SMP Islam Pakis. Subject selection was made based on high, medium, and low levels of mathematical connection ability. The results showed: The selection of research subjects was carried out by purposive sampling technique based on high, medium, and low levels of mathematical connection ability. The results of the data analysis obtained: (1) students at a high level of mathematical connection succeeded in achieving all indicators of mathematical literacy ability, such as being able to identify the information contained in the problem, make mathematical models, do reasoning, use symbols, design and implement appropriate problem strategies, summarizing the results, as well as conducting evaluations; (2) students who are categorized in the moderate level of mathematical connection ability are able to achieve five of the seven indicator components contained in mathematical literacy ability; (3) students who belong to a low level of mathematical connection ability are only able to achieve three of the seven indicator components needed in literacy skills.
Comparison Of Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills Taught Using Powerpoint And Powtoon Learning Media
Authors: Marniati Marniati , Chairuddin Chairuddin , Tahir Tahir
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran powtoon lebih baik daripada kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran power point. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VII SMP IT Wihdatul Ummah Kolaka. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan teknik sampling jenuh, sehingga diperoleh kelas VIIIA sebagai kelas eksperimen I dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas eksperimen II. Adapun data kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan instrument tes yang diberikan saat posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran power point yang terdiri dari 13 siswa menunjukkan nilai rata-rata (mean) 72,308. Sedangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran powtoon yang terdiri dari 16 siswa menunjukkan nilai rata-rata (mean) 76,801. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa dalam pengajaran materi aritmetika sosial untuk kelas ekperimen II sedikit lebih tinggi dibanding rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritismatematika siswa kelas eksperimen I. Selanjutnya hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-t telah diperoleh nilai thitung (-0,892) ttabel (1,703), menunjukkan bahwa H0 diterima, secara inferensial ini berarti bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran powtoon tidak lebih baik daripada kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran power point
NEGLECTING THE FUNDAMENTALS: HOW FOCUS ON WEB APPS AND FRAMEWORKS LEAVES GAPS IN NETWORK SECURITY
Authors: Dadash Guluzade
Published: August 2024

In the contemporary digital landscape, the rapid proliferation of web applications and frameworks has captivated the focus of cybersecurity professionals. While these modern technologies are crucial for user experience and business operations, this shift in attention often comes at the expense of foundational network protocols—DNS, DHCP, and TCP/IP. These protocols form the bedrock of network security and efficiency. This paper explores the critical role of managing DNS, DHCP, and TCP/IP in maintaining a secure and efficient network infrastructure. By emphasizing the need to balance attention between cutting-edge web technologies and fundamental network protocols, this study highlights the vulnerabilities that arise from neglecting these essential components. Effective management of these protocols is likened to fortifying the basic structures of a country house, ensuring a robust defense against vulnerabilities.
A rare case of an aggressive submandibular gland cancer revealed by a parietal-pleural metastasis: Case report and literature review
Authors: El Azzouzi Rajaa
Published: August 2024

Around 10% of all salivary gland tumors are located in the sub-mandibular gland, with a high rate of malignant tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma “MCE” represent 13 % of all sub-mandibular gland tumor and is reported to have an aggressive behavior and the most difficult to treat. The purpose of this article is to report a case of 60-year-old patient diagnosed with a high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of sub-mandibular gland revealed by a parietal-pleural metastasis in whom a surgical, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment has been adapted, and by a literature review we will describe the clinical, histological, therapeutic features and the prognostic factors of this rare and aggressive histological type of sub-mandibular gland.
Traditional and Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profiles in Young Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Haider Rehan
Published: August 2024

Phase I dispassionate troubles comprise critical achievements in drug happening, contributing to the first freedom to convert findings from preclinical animal studies to human cases. However, connecting the gap between the animal dossier and human uncovering poses meaningful challenges. This abstract investigates the methods and concerns involved in inferring data from animal models to anticipate human effects during Phase I tests. Phase I dispassionate trials are important heavily in judging the security and tolerability of new drugs in people. Yet, they commit heavily to preclinical dossiers derived from animal studies. The change from animal models to human issues includes inferring pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic limits in the way that drug absorption, disposal, and productiveness are measured while considering interspecies dissimilarities in the study of animals, absorption, and study of animals. Methodologies for prediction include physiologically located pharmacokinetic shaping, allo metric measuring, and artificial-in vivo prediction methods. However, challenges endure on account of the basic differences between classes and the complexity of the human study of animals. Understanding the restraints and doubts in inferring animal dossier to human uncovering is essential for plotting Phase I troubles that plan outpatient security and increase the probability of boom-in-after aspects of drug happening. This abstract underline the detracting role of translational research in optimizing the transition from preclinical studies to dispassionate troubles and eventually reconstructing the effectiveness and influence of drug processes.
Muscle Modeling between Upper Arm and Lower Arm for Wearable Haptic Sleeve for Force Feedback of Virtual Reality
Authors: Lee Dongchan
Published: August 2024

In the realm of virtual environments, hand haptic technology plays a crucial role in capturing the nuanced movements of a user’s hands and fingers. This is complemented by a haptic sleeve that bridges the gap between the arm and hand, effectively translating these movements into corresponding actions performed by a robot avatar within the virtual space. Furthermore, these innovative devices are adept at relaying the force and texture felt by the robot avatar as it interacts with objects in the virtual environment back to the user. This interaction crafts an immersive experience, mirroring the sensation of physically touching and manipulating the objects. The prediction of wearer's joint torques uses the Hill-type model and is made through the flexion movement of the elbow joint. As the user engages in object manipulation through the robot avatar, the haptic feedback disseminates throughout the entire arm, enriching the user experience with a wide spectrum of tactile sensations. This advancement in haptic technology significantly enhances the realism of robot operation, thereby improving the dynamics of human-robot interaction.
Helping Children with Asthma by Repairing Maternal-infant Bonding Problems
Authors:   Auctores Publishing LLC, Madrid Antonio
Published: August 2024

Studies about the psychology of childhood asthma have revealed that parenting difficulties are related to the development of asthma in some children. Disruptions in maternal-infant bonding are highly correlated with pediatric asthma and are presented as a cause for these parenting problems. Bonding problems are known to be caused most often by physical separation at birth or by some recent trauma in the mother's life. By using hypnosis to remove the pain of the separation or trauma in the mother, and by creating a new birth history in her imagination, some children's asthmatic symptoms have been shown to remit or greatly improve. The hypnotic method for this treatment is described. Helping Children with Asthma by Repairing Maternal-infant Bonding Problems