bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP PROFESIONALISME GURU PAUD DI KECAMATAN UNGARAN BARAT KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Ulfah Choiriyah , Yuliejantiningsih Yovitha , Soegeng Soegeng
Published: December 2017

The purposes of this study are: (1) to determine the influence of compensation on the professionalism of early childhood teachers in the District of West Ungaran, Semarang Regency; (2) to determine the effect of working motivation in the professionalism of early childhood teachers at the District of West Ungaran, Semarang Regency; (3) to determine the effect of compensation and motivation to work together in the professionalism of the early childhood teachers in the District of West Ungaran, Semarang Regency.The populations of this study are the early childhood teachers who were in the District of West Ungaran Semarang regency as many as 298 people’s with samples taken proporsionate stratiefied random sampling as many as 161 people. The methods of data collection use questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis, test requirements and test hypotheses. Hypothesis test use simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. To analyze the data use SPSS for Windows 21.The results shows that the average of acquisition score is 95.22 professionalism of teachers including professional enough categories, the average acquisition score a compensation of 59.51 medium category, and earned an average score of 75.58, including work motivation medium category. The test results prerequisite research data were normally distributed, linear and does not occur multikolinieritas. Hypothesis tests found to contain a significant influence on the professionalism of teachers represented by the equation of Y = 70.090 + 0424 X1; the strength of correlation of 0.704 with a contribution of 0,496 or 49.6%. A significant difference in the professionalism of teachers' motivation to work with the equation of Y = 24.383 + 0.937 X2; the strength of correlation of 0.682 with a contribution of 0.464 or 46.4%. Compensation and motivation significantly influential work together in the professionalism of teachers represented by the equation of Y = 38.376 + 0.274 X1 + 0.538 X2; the strength of correlation of 0.766 with a contribution of 0.586 or 58.6%.
Santos e orixás: sincretismo, estética e arte afro-brasileira na estatuária da Coleção Perseverança
Authors: Almeida Anderson Diego da S. , Lima Maria de Lourdes
Published: December 2017

Este artigo trata do sincretismo cultural presente na Coleção Perseverança e mostra como esse complexo processo de ressignificação de distintas perspectivas de religiosidade se reflete na produção dos artefatos da referida coleção. É a partir desse pressuposto que se enfatiza a plasticidade afro-brasileira, sob o viés da memória e da representação cultural para a leitura de algumas peças catalogadas como estatuárias. A estética da Perseverança traduz a relação que o seu faber estabeleceu com as religiões africanas e brasileiras, principalmente o candomblé e a católica, com o intuito de ressignificar suas tradições culturais. Através da identificação dos códigos inseridos nos objetos selecionados e apresentados neste artigo, foi possível identificar aspectos do contexto histórico e analisar a identidade visual e religiosa da coleção, o que possibilita um registro sobre a história das religiões africanas em Alagoas.
REAÇÃO ÁLCALI-AGREGADO NO CONCRETO ENDURECIDO NA REGIÃO DE JALES E SANTA FÉ DO SUL – SP
Authors: Faruthe Éder Cristiano Lopes , Cardoso Maisa Cristina , Lima Fabrício Augusto de , Silva Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da , Pedro Fernando José
Published: December 2017

O concreto é a mistura básica utilizada em praticamente todos os tipos de construção, sendo utilizado tanto em pequenas construções, quanto em grandes edificações, como pontes e edifícios. Por conta desta grande variedade de aplicações, espera-se que o concreto seja resistente a diferentes condições de estresse físico-químico, bem como a diferentes condições ambientais. Um importante fator que pode afetar negativamente a resistência do concreto é a presença de reações químicas entre os álcalis e os agregados da mistura. Esta reação recebe o nome de reação álcali-agregado (RAA) e culmina na mitigação do concreto. Este artigo almeja explicar as reações químicas envolvidas na cura do concreto e como as reações álcali-agregado influenciam neste processo. Adicionalmente, pretende-se buscar indícios de RAA em construções da região de Santa Fé do Sul e Jales/SP. Observou-se que diferentes fatores estão relacionados à ocorrência de RAA, tais como temperatura e pH da mistura, solubilidade dos agregados e teor de álcalis do cimento. Foram visitadas quinze construções e seis destas apresentaram patologias de concreto. Metade destas apresentavam características semelhantes à RAA. Foram adquiridos laudos dos ensaios previstos na NBR-15577 elaborados a partir de amostras dos agregados utilizados para edificação das obras visitadas. As análises contidas nestes laudos revelaram que as patologias encontradas provavelmente não ocorreram devido à presença de reações álcali-agregado. O principal fator que levou a esta conclusão é o fato da brita utilizada nas construções visitadas ter sido produzida nas pedreiras apontadas nos laudos como sendo não reagente.
ANÁLISE DOS CINCO GAPS PELO MÉTODO DA PESQUISA SERVQUAL
Authors: Dozinete Kassandra Cervato , Medeiros Agliania Silva , Reis Ana Luiza Gomes dos , Milan Willyan Wilson , Ferracini Maria José Floriano
Published: December 2017

Em que pese a qualidade, esta é de suma importância seja em produtos ou serviços, fruto do acirramento da concorrência que se apresenta em uma velocidade e escala nunca antes visto. Para tanto, as empresas que objetivam manter e/ou expandir seu market share, necessitam traduzir a voz do cliente em atributos que sejam facilmente perceptíveis pelo cliente, a fim de que se diferenciem da concorrência e tenham uma vantagem competitiva sustentável, fator que se apoia na dimensão da gestão estratégica da qualidade. Portanto, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, método que visa discutir as ideias de autores com diversas perspectivas sobre o assunto, alicerçando e subsidiando o objetivo proposto, se buscou avaliar em que medida a análise dos cinco gaps pela ferramenta SERVQUAL possibilita que sejam extintas as inconformidades entre a expectativa e o desempenho, realizando uma avaliação da relevância da avaliação interna e externa de parâmetros. Todavia, para se alcançar tal perspectiva foi necessário elucidar as dimensões, abordagens e elementos da qualidade, a ferramenta cinco gaps e o método de pesquisa SERVQUAL. Assim, foi possível verificar que, mesmo que haja teorias contraditórias quanto à adesão ao SERVQUAL, apoiadas no ideário de que tal modelo de pesquisa é resumista, é possível adaptá-lo à realidade de cada empresa e subsidiar uma análise profunda dos cinco gaps da qualidade, a fim de que se apresente um modelo de correção de inconformidades.
On and off the page: the 'male as norm' ideology of English and German
Authors: Hilden Barbara L.
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the linguistic representation of male and female. Comparing German and English, this paper argues that, despite the grammatically gendered nature of German, both languages equally privilege the male element at the expense of the female. Referencing a variety of studies, this paper explores the use—in both languages—of the “generic he,” investigating how this custom is perceived by listeners; it examines marked terms, particularly the apparent need to mark female appearance in male-dominated professional spheres; it considers female visibility in language and the differing approaches taken by both English and German; and it explores feminine derivation and the semantic sexualization/degradation of the female form to male counterparts. Derivation from masculine norms as well as lexical and connotative gender are briefl y discussed. Finally, the paper looks at each language’s strategies for correction.
But does voting really feed you? Ideas about democracy's role in famine and chronic hunger
Authors: Hancock Janine
Published: December 2017

Scarcity of democracy is often cited as the source of hunger. In this paper the origin of this idea, the arguments behind it, and its validity are examined. In doing so, different types of hunger are addressed. The author also looks at the role of government systems in the famines of Ireland, India, and Sudan and the effect that democracy has on food policy decisions in the United States. By the conclusion of this paper, the reader will be familiar with the phenomenon of citing democracy in discussions of food. A lack of democracy is not the source of hunger, and democracy is not inherently equipped to confront hunger.
Neanderthals: species or subspecies?
Authors: Clarke Jennah L.A.
Published: December 2017

This article focuses on the ongoing debate regarding whether Neanderthals should be classified as a subspecies of Homo sapiens or as an entirely separate species. Several lines of evidence are explored, including recent genetic evidence, which suggest that despite rare interbreeding events, Neanderthals should in fact be classified as a separate species.
Pembinaan Produksi Kompos Limbah Pertanian dan Pemanfaatannya di Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Iswati Asdar , Indriyati Lilik Tri
Published: December 2017

Most of agricultural lands in Pasir Eurih Village are paddy field simple irrigation system, while most of them in Sukajadi Village are upland. Farmers in both villages are used to composting organic residues, but the composts was not used maximally. The aim of the IbM activities was: (1) To guide our partners to produce better quality of composts sustainable; and(2) To motivate the community of peasant  using composts for their farm. The best compost resulted by IbM-3 guidance was made from rice straw, leaf litter, and chicken manure mixed with rice husk as their bedding by ratio of 3:2:1:1. This compost contained macronutrients (N, 0.56%, P2O5  1.09%, K2O 1.44%, Ca 5.72%, Mg 0.43%, and Na 0.08% respectively), micronutrients Fe 5.309 ppm, Mn 342 ppm, Cu 42 ppm, Zn 69 ppm, and B 33 ppm respectively), and heavy metals of Pb was 4.8 ppm and Cd 0.04 ppm. The addition of 3-4 ton/ha of this compost into paddy soil could reduce chemical fertilizers up to 50%. The addition of 3 ton/ha of this compost to upland soil planted by sweet corn produce same with application of chicken manure bedding or goat manure. Socialization of the benefit of using compost in increasing the soil fertility and crop yield have raised the peasant’s knowledge. It was showed by the mean value of this post test raised 19.67 points for fertilizer and soil fertility matter and 16.63 points for organic materials or natural fertilizers matter.

 
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dengan Pemanfaatan Sumber Energi Terbarukan pada Tambak Udang
Authors: Jalaluddin . , Jalil Abdul Rasyid , Tarakka Rustan , Wardi .
Published: December 2017

Shrimp is very promising commodity of the Indonesian export commodities. One of shrimp cultivation fields is pond which is a place of aquaculture located near the beach. Application of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic cell technology has been prepared to provide energy supply integratedly in the shrimp ponds in Pinrang District of South Sulawesi. Energy needed in the shrimp ponds is to provide energy supply for some supporting equipments such as aerator water mill, lighting, water pump, and others. Community empowerment activity was carried out in order to empower communities in Pinrang District of South Sulawesi in application of renewable energy resources in their shrimp ponds. This activity was arranged in self supporting energy concept in the shrimp pond and supported by a program of Kuliah Kerja Nyata–Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (KKN-PPM) DIKTI. Equipment manufacture of photovoltaic cell prototype as energy sources of aerator waterwheel and lighting in the shrimp pond has been completed. Some community groups of shrimp farmers have been trained in the manufacture and operation of the photovoltaic cell equipment.
Perlakuan Panas untuk Mengurangi Gejala Kerusakan Dingin pada Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) var. Gadung selama Penyimpanan pada Suhu Rendah
Authors: Pattiruhu Gysberth , Purwanto Yohannes Aris , Darmawanty Emmy
Published: December 2017

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is perishable horticulture product. Commercially, mango fruits are harvested at the mature-green stage of development and are handled at low temperatures to facilitate shipping. However, long term low temperature storage of mature-green mango fruits is currently risky because of chilling injury (CI). The ojective of this study was to examine quality changes of mango during storage at 8 oC after heatshock treatment. Heatshock treatment consist of hot water treatment (HWT) at temperature of 55 oC in 3 and 10 minutes and intermittent warming (IW) at temperature 20 oC for 1 day after 2 and 3 days of low temperature storage. The result showed that HWT of 55 oC in 3 minutes could decrease of weight loss and maintain the quality and chemical content of mango during storage at low temperatures. While IW treatment after 2 and 3 days at low temperature storage in this study was not effective in reducing chilling injury and maintaining quality of mango.Keywords: chilling injury, hetshock treatment,low temperature storage, mango
PERTUMBUHAN, KEMATIAN DAN TINGKAT EKSPLOITASI KERANG POKEA (BATISSA VIOLACEA VAR. CELEBENSIS, VON MARTENS 1897) PADA SEGMEN MUARA SUNGAI LASOLO SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Bahtiar . , Anadi La , Nurgayah Wa , Emiyarti . , Hari Harmin
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPokeas (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) are economic Sulawesi’s clam which production has continued to decline in line with the increase in fishing activities. This study aimed to determine the parameters of growth, mortality and exploitation level of pokea at estuary segment  in  Lasolo  River,  Southeast  Sulawesi.  The  results  of  this  study  are  expected  to  be  a reference in the management of pokea resources in Southeast Sulawesi. Data segregation for age group, growth, mortality (natural, catches and total) and the degree of exploitation were analized by  Bhattacharya  method,  inverse  model  von  Bertalanffy,  length  converted  catch  curve  and empirical  Pauly,  that  accommodated  in  FiSAT  II  version  1.1.3.  Results  showed  that  male  and female  pokea  were  distributed  as  juvenile,  adult  to  broodstock,  dominated  by  adult.  The  growth pattern  (Lt)  of  male  and  female,  was  =  6.46-(6.46-0.025)e-2.8t and  Lt  =  7.79-(7.79-0.025)e-0.5t,respectively. Natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and total mortality (Z) in males were found higher than females. In general, the utilization level of pokea in the Lasolo river has experienced over exploitation.Keywords: clam, Lasolo River, management resources, pokea, Southeast SulawesiABSTRAKKerang  pokea  (Batissa  violacea  var.  celebensis,  von  Martens  1897)  merupakan  kerang ekonomis  dari  Sulawesi  yang  produksinya  terus  mengalami  penurunan  sejalan  dengan peningkatan  aktivitas  pengambilannya  di  alam.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui parameter pertumbuhan, kematian dan tingkat eksploitasi kerang pokea di segmen muara SungaiLasolo  Sulawesi  Tenggara.   Hasil  penelitian  ini  diharapkan  dapat  dijadikan  rujukan  dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya kerang pokea di Sulawesi  Tenggara. Data pemisahan kelompok umur, pertumbuhan,  kematian  (alami,  tangkapan  dan  total)  dan  tingkat  eksploitasi  masing-masing menggunakan  metode  Bhattacharya,  model  inverse  von  Bertalanffy,  hasil  tangkapan  yang dikonversi dari data lebar cangkang dan empiris Pauly yang terakomodasi dalam program FiSAT II versi  1.1.3.   Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  pokea  jantan  dan  betina  tersebar  dari  ukuran anak, dewasa dan tua yang didominasi pada ukuran dewasa. Pola pertumbuhan jantan dan betina masing-masing yaitu: Lt = 6.46-(6.46-0.025)e-2.8t dan Lt = 7.79-(7.79-0.025)e-0.5t . Kematian pokea  tertinggi  secara  alami  (M),  penangkapan  (F)  dan  total  (Z)  pada  jantan  ditemukan  lebih  tinggi dibandingkan kematian pada pokea betina. Secara umum, tingkat pemanfaatan kerang pokea di Sungai Lasolo telah mengalami lebih tangkap.Kata kunci: kerang, Sungai Lasolo, manajemen sumberdaya, pokea, Sulawesi Tenggara
DISTRIBUSI UKURAN IKAN TERI (Stolephorus sp) YANG DITANGKAP PADA PERIKANAN BAGAN TANCAP DI MUARA SUNGSANG SUMATERA SELATAN (Size Distribution of Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) Caught in Stationary Liftnets at Sungsang Estuary South Sumatera)
Authors: Fauziyah . , Hadi . , Saleh Khairul , Supriyadi Freddy
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT The anchovy  (Stolephorus sp.)  in  Muara  Sungsang  estuary South Sumatera  are  generally caught by stationary liftnet. Morphometric studies are essential to determine the growth form and growth rate of species, which is  very much important for proper  utilization  and management of the population of the species. This study aimed to determine the size structure and growth pattern of the  anchovy  caught  by  stationary  liftnet.  The   size  structure,  length -weight  relationship  and  the condition factor  of  anchovy were computed.  The anchovy samples were taken  in July 2013 (750 samples) and September 2013 (1950 samples).    Results  showed  that the population of anchovy was  dominated by length frequency distribution  of  65 mm during study on July 2013 and 75 mm during  study  on  September  2013.  Both  populations  were  dominated  by  weight  frequency distribution 2 gram.  The anchovy that caught on September 2013 were more allowable catch than on July 2013. The growth pattern of anchovy was negative allometric. The relative condition factor (Kn)  value  in  September  2013  was  higher  than  in  July  2013.  It  indicated  that  the  environmental conditions  at  Muara  Sungsang  estuary  are  suitable  for  growth  of  anchovy’s  and  still  safe  from fishing pressure.Keywords: allometric, anchovy, condition factor, frequency distribution ABSTRAKIkan  Teri  (Stolephorus  sp.)  di  Muara  Sungsang  Sumatera  Selatan  umumnya  ditangkap menggunakan bagan tancap. Studi morfometrik berguna untuk menentukan bentuk pertumbuhan dan laju pertumbuhan spesies. Hal ini berguna untuk manajemen populasi dan sebagai informasi tentang stok atau kondisi organisme. Disamping itu, sebagai dasar dalam upaya pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan  ikan  teri  di  masa  akan  datang.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  struktur ukuran dan pola pertumbuhan ikan teri hasil tangkapan bagan tancap. Data ikan teri didapatkan pada  bulan  Juli  2013  (750  sampel)  dan  September  2013  (1950  sampel).  Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi ikan teri didominasi oleh distribusi frekuensi panjang 65 mm pada bulan Juli 2013 dan 75 mm pada bulan September 2013. Distribusi frekuensi berat teri pada kedua bulan tersebut sama yaitu 2 gram. Penangkapan ikan teri pada bulan September 2013 lebih layak tangkap  dibandingkan  pada  bulan  Juli  2013.  Pertumbuhan  ikan  teri  bersifat  negative  allometric. Nilai Faktor kondisi (Kn) pada bulan September 2013 lebih tinggi daripada bulan Juli 2013. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kondisi  lingkungan Muara Sungsang cocok untuk pertumbuhan ikan teri dan masih aman dari tekanan aktivitas penangkapan.Kata kunci: allometrik, teri, faktor kondisi,distribusi frekuensi
Hubungan Kompensasi Finansial dengan Kinerja Karyawan Kontrak PT Unilever Body Care Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Suciaty Tiara , Rahmawati Siti
Published: December 2017

Perusahaan perlu membuat strategi untuk menciptakan kepuasan bagi karyawan, sehingga berdampak positif untuk perusahaan. Salah satunya adalah memberikan kompensasi yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1) Mengetahui pelaksanaan kompensasi finansial menurut karyawan kontrak PT Unilever Body Care Indonesia Tbk (ULBC); 2) Mengetahui kinerja karyawan kontrak PT ULBC; dan (3) Mengidentifikasi hubungan kompensasi finansial dengan kinerja karyawan kontrak PT ULBC. Data bersumber dari data primer dan sekunder. Penelitian menggunakan analisis korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Berdasarkan persepsi karyawan kontrak mengenai kompensasi finansial dan kinerja karyawan kontrak menunjukkan bahwa, kompensasi finansial dan kinerja karyawan kontrak telah sesuai dengan harapan karyawan. Hasil uji korelasi antara kompensasi finansial dengan kinerja karyawan kontrak sebesar 0.813 menunjukkan hubungan positif dan kuat. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa, kompensasi finansial dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan kontrak PT ULBC.
Kata Kunci: kompensas finansial, kinerja karyawan, PT Unilever Body Care Indonesia Tbk
Preliminary study in improving the malting properties of Dawa, local Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) variety.
Authors: Umeh Sophina Ogonna , Okpalla Jude , Uwaoma Joy
Published: December 2017

Improving the malting properties of local sorghum [Dawa] (sorghum vulgare) was investigated. Malting is the germination of cereal gain in moist air under controlled conditions, the primary objective being to promote the development of enzymes which are not present in the ingeminated grain. Steeping, germination and kilning temperatures and conditions were altered to affect the improvement of the malt to be produced. Aseptic conditions were employed to avoid contamination of the process. A steeping regime of 52 hours was adopted. The steeping cycle involves 22 hours water steep and 8 hours air rest. Germination was done for 5 days during which enzymes development took place. Kilning was done in an oven for 24 hours at 500C so as to arrest germination. After these, grain and malt analyses were carried out. During the analyses, the following results were obtained: Moisture content (5.4%), thousand corn weight (28.5g), Germinative energy (95.5%), Germinative capacity (90%), cold water extract (44.8%), hot water extract (23%) and malting loss (13%). The result obtained shows that the sorghum variety had high malting loss which was attributed to the high germination temperature used. Also from the result, a Germinative capacity of 90% was gotten. This makes the sorghum (Dawa) variety a good grain raw material for brewing.
Allegory and Impasse: Revolutionary History and Revolutionary Modernity in Marx and Engels
Authors: Elise White Deborah
Published: December 2017

Paul de Man’s “Literary History and Literary Modernity” serves as a telling point of departure for reexamining the configuration of revolutionary history and revolutionary modernity in polemical writings written by Marx and Engels in the aftermath of the 1848–1849 European Revolutions. What de Man calls “literature” models an impasse between modernity understood as an aspiration to pure action free from the mediation of history and history understood as the inevitable recursivity through which such action finds itself caught in reflections on—and repetitions of—the past. Marx’s early “Letters to Ruge” already hints at the potential conflict and co-implication of a backward looking-left melancholia with a forward-driving revolutionary project. These issues get taken up not only in the much cited Eighteenth Brumaire but in the more purely polemical writings of Marx and Engels’s London exile. In these writings, Marx and Engels explore how the anarchic putschist fantasies of their fellow communists (August Willich and Karl Schapper) paradoxically converge with the most retrograde apologetics of their liberal opponents (Gottfried Kinkel and Arnold Ruge). They detail the short circuit between calls for an immediate renewal of revolutionary action and a nostalgic retreat from any action into secondhand literary posturing. At the same time, Marx and Engels’s own relation to that short circuit proves difficult to stabilize. Their allegory of history as long-term struggle does not conceal their ironic imbrication in the aporias they delineate. The conclusion is not that revolutionary Marxism has no alternative but to reiterate the same short circuit, but rather that it must recognize, with Marx and Engels, how revolution inevitably turns on the impasse as it takes place in a disjunction of time with itself: a conjuncture whose status remains radically undecidable.
Zeitliche Unsicherheiten in der Einzelfertigung
Authors: Heutmann Timo , Tils Alexander , Schmitt Robert
Published: December 2017

Kurzfassung

In der Einzelfertigung existieren zahlreiche Einflüsse, die zu Abweichungen der geplanten Produktionszeiten und zur Verlängerung der Wartezeiten führen. In Folge der so entstehenden Verzögerungen von Lieferterminen sinkt die aus Unternehmenssicht bedeutende Liefertermintreue langfristig ab. Das Modell im vorliegenden Beitrag ermöglicht die Risikoquantifizierung von Einflüssen und befähigt zur Planungsintegration der Zeitunsicherheiten.
Entwicklung einer flussorientierten Fertigungssteuerung
Authors: Kaiser Joscha , Meister Maximilian , Herbert Thorben , Metternich Joachim
Published: December 2017

Kurzfassung

Eine hohe Flexibilität in der Reaktion auf individuelle Kundenwünsche bei stark schwankender Nachfrage ist ein wichtiger Erfolgsfaktor mittelständischer Unternehmen. Gleichzeitig erschwert diese Flexibilität die Einführung schlanker Produktionsprozesse. Diese führen bei hoher Fertigungstiefe zu einer hohen Variantenvielfalt und Eilaufträgen. Im Beitrag wird ein Vorgehen dargestellt, dessen Ziel die Reduzierung und Stabilisierung von Durchlaufzeiten in der variantenreichen Fertigung ist. Die Anwendung beim Anlagenbauer Langhammer GmbH zeigt, dass bereits die Anpassung bekannter Methoden der Lean Production einen erfolgreichen Einsatz in der Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigung ermöglicht.
Assessment of Mesotrione Leaching Applied Alone and Mixed in Seven Tropical Soils Columns under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Mendes Kassio , Dos Reis Marcelo , Spokas Kurt , Tornisielo Valdemar
Published: December 2017

Herbicide leaching is influenced by soil physical and chemical properties as well as the prevailing climatic conditions. However, little is known about leaching of mixture of herbicides in the soil, especially in tropical regions like Brazil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the leaching of 14C-mesotrione (cyclohexane-2-14C-mesotrione) alone and in a mixture with S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine in seven tropical soil columns under laboratory conditions. These soils represented a wide range of properties with varying textures, cation exchange capacity (44 to 154 mmolc kg−1), pH (6.0 to 7.7), organic carbon content (0.58 to 27.32 g kg−1) and clay mineral contents (50 to 605 g kg−1), which are typical of tropical soils. Mesotrione residues were observed across all soil column layers (0–30 cm) in all evaluated soils by simulating 200 mm of water for 48 h. The application of mesotrione, alone or in a mixture, does not influence the leaching of this herbicide. Leaching of mesotrione ranged from low (up 15 cm) to very high (up 30 cm and leachate) in the tropical soils and may pose a potential groundwater contamination risk. In sand and loamy sand soil, the mesotrione was quantified in the leachate at all sampling times as above 80% of the amount initially applied. Thus, mesotrione application without the prior knowledge of the soil physical and chemical properties can result in inefficient weed control on field condition due to high leaching potentials.
Soil Factors Effects on the Mineralization, Extractable Residue, and Bound Residue Formation of Aminocyclopyrachlor in Three Tropical Soils
Authors: Francisco Jeane , Mendes Kassio , Pimpinato Rodrigo , Tornisielo Valdemar , Guimarães Ana
Published: December 2017

Aminocyclopyrachlor is an herbicide that belongs to the new class of chemicals known as the pyrimidine carboxylic acids, which are used to control broadleaf weeds and brush. However, the environmental behavior and fate of aminocyclopyrachlor are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was thus to evaluate the mineralization, extractable residue and bound residue formation of aminocyclopyrachlor in three tropical soils with different physico-chemical properties. 14C-labeled [pyrimidine-2-14C] aminocyclopyrachlor was used to assess the fate of this herbicide in soil placed in biometer culture flasks. Total mineralization (accumulated 14CO2) of aminocyclopyrachlor was found to be <10% in all soils, decreasing in the following order: Oxisol—Typic Hapludox (clay) > Oxisol—Typic Hapludox (loamy sand) > Plinthosol—Petric (sandy clay). Overall, constant rate of mineralization (k) values for all soils were very low (0.00050% to 0.00079% 14CO2 day−1), with mineralization half-life times (MT50) consequently very high (877 to 1376 days), suggesting potential long persistence in soil. The amount of extractable residues decreased from ~31% to 50% in all soils after 126 days of incubation, indicating an increase in bound residue formation from ~5.0- to 7.5-fold compared to evaluation immediately after herbicide application, suggesting that degradation herbicide is involved in the formation of bound residues. Extractable residues are important factors that control mineralization and bound residue formation from aminocyclopyrachlor in the soil. The present study is the first to assess the fate, distribution, and formation of bound residues of aminocyclopyrachlor in soils. Aminocyclopyrachlor residues were predominantly associated with the OM and clay contents of soil. This effect of soil physico-chemical properties should be considered in environmental risk assessment of aminocyclopyrachlor and its application in the field for weed control.
Sperm Quality during Storage Is Not Affected by the Presence of Antibiotics in EquiPlus Semen Extender but Is Improved by Single Layer Centrifugation
Authors: Al-Kass Ziyad , Spergser Joachim , Aurich Christine , Kuhl Juliane , Schmidt Kathrin , Johannisson Anders , Morrell Jane
Published: December 2017

Contamination of semen with bacteria arises during semen collection and handling. This bacterial contamination is typically controlled by adding antibiotics to semen extenders but intensive usage of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance and may be detrimental to sperm quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of antibiotics in a semen extender on sperm quality and to investigate the effects of removal of bacteria by modified Single Layer Centrifugation (MSLC) through a colloid. Semen was collected from six adult pony stallions (three ejaculates per male). Aliquots of extended semen were used for MSLC with Equicoll, resulting in four treatment groups: control and MSLC in extender with antibiotics (CA and SA, respectively); control and MSLC in extender without antibiotics (CW and SW, respectively). Sperm motility, membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and chromatin integrity were evaluated daily by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry. There were no differences in sperm quality between CA and CW, or between SA and SW, although progressive motility was negatively correlated to total bacterial counts at 0 h. However, MSLC groups showed higher mean total motility (P < 0.001), progressive motility (P < 0.05), membrane integrity (P < 0.0001) and mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.05), as well as better chromatin integrity (P < 0.05), than controls. Sperm quality remained higher in the MSLC groups than controls throughout storage. These results indicate that sperm quality was not adversely affected by the presence of antibiotics but was improved considerably by MSLC.
Evidence for Anti-Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) Activity of Propolis
Authors: Ghosh Soumya , McArthur Robyn , Guo Zhi , McKerchar Rory , Donkor Kingsley , Xu Jianping , Cheeptham Naowarat
Published: December 2017

White-nose syndrome (WNS) in bats, caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), is a cutaneous infection that has devastated North American bat populations since 2007. At present, there is no effective method for controlling this disease. Here, we evaluated the effect of propolis against Pd in vitro. Using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium, approximately 1.7 × 107 conidia spores of the Pd strain M3906-2/mL were spread on each plate and grown to form a consistent lawn. A Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assay was employed using different concentrations of propolis (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%), in plates incubated at 8 °C and 15 °C. At 8 °C and 15 °C, as the concentration of propolis increased, there was an increasing zone of inhibition (ZOI), reaching the highest degree at 10% and 25% concentrations, respectively. A germule suppression assay showed a similar effect on Pd conidia germination. A MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of propolis revealed multiple constituents with a potential anti-Pd activity, including cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and dihydrochalcones, which could be further tested for their individual effects. Our study suggests that propolis or its individual constituents might be suitable products against Pd.
Characterizing the Dissolution Rate of CO2-Brine in Porous Media under Gaseous and Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Wu Bohao , Li Xingbo , Teng Ying , Lv Pengfei , Liu Yu , Luo Tingting , Zheng Jianan , Wang Dayong , Jiang Lanlan
Published: December 2017

The CO2-brine dissolution homogenizes the distribution of residual CO2 and reduces the leakage risk in the saline aquifer. As a key parameter to immobilize the free CO2, the dissolution rate of CO2-brine could be accelerated through mechanisms like diffusion and dispersion, which are affected by the subsurface condition, pore structure, and background hydrological flow. This study contributed the calculated dissolution rates of both gaseous and supercritical CO2 during brine imbibition at a pore-scale. The flow development and distribution in porous media during dynamic dissolution were imaged in two-dimensional visualization using X-ray microtomography. The fingerings branching and expansion resulted in greater dissolution rates of supercritical CO2 with high contact between phases, while the brine bypassed the clusters of gaseous CO2 with a slower dissolution and longer duration due to the isolated bubbles. The dissolution rate of supercritical CO2 was about two or three orders of magnitude greater than that of gaseous CO2, while the value distributions both spanned about four orders of magnitude. The dissolution rates of gaseous CO2 increased with porosity, but the relationship was the opposite for supercritical CO2. CO2 saturation and the Reynolds number were analyzed to characterize the different impacts on gaseous and supercritical CO2 at different dissolution periods.
Temporal Response of Ultrafast Grating Monochromators
Authors: Poletto Luca , Frassetto Fabio
Published: December 2017

The temporal response of double-grating monochromators is analyzed considering two effects on the ultrafast pulse given by the configuration. The first effect is the compensation of the pulse-front tilt, i.e., all the rays emitted by the source in different directions at the same wavelength have to travel the same optical path. The second effect is the group delay introduced by the two gratings, i.e., different wavelengths within the bandwidth transmitted by the slit travel different paths. The methodology to calculate the group delay introduced by the double-grating configuration is presented. Some practical design examples are provided to show the design rules and the achieved performances.
Protein Kinase A Distribution Differentiates Human Glioblastoma from Brain Tissue
Authors: Mucignat-Caretta Carla , Denaro Luca , D’Avella Domenico , Caretta Antonio
Published: December 2017

Brain tumor glioblastoma has no clear molecular signature and there is no effective therapy. In rodents, the intracellular distribution of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (Protein kinase A, PKA) R2Alpha subunit was previously shown to differentiate tumor cells from healthy brain cells. Now, we aim to validate this observation in human tumors. The distribution of regulatory (R1 and R2) and catalytic subunits of PKA was examined via immunohistochemistry and Western blot in primary cell cultures and biopsies from 11 glioblastoma patients. Data were compared with information obtained from 17 other different tumor samples. The R1 subunit was clearly detectable only in some samples. The catalytic subunit was variably distributed in the different tumors. Similar to rodent tumors, all human glioblastoma specimens showed perinuclear R2 distribution in the Golgi area, while it was undetectable outside the tumor. To test the effect of targeting PKA as a therapeutic strategy, the intracellular cyclic AMP concentration was modulated with different agents in four human glioblastoma cell lines. A significant increase in cell death was detected after increasing cAMP levels or modulating PKA activity. These data raise the possibility of targeting the PKA intracellular pathway for the development of diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools for human glioblastoma.
Preparation and Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Zr-Doped, Pt-Modified Aluminide Coating Prepared by a Hybrid Process
Authors: Fan Qixiang , Yu Haojun , Wang Tie-Gang , Wu Zhenghuan , Liu Yanmei
Published: December 2017

To take advantage of the synergistic effects of Pt and Zr, a kind of Zr-doped, Pt-modified aluminide coating has been prepared by a hybrid process, first electroplating a Pt layer and then co-depositing Zr and Al elements by an above-the-pack process. The microstructure and isothermal oxidation behavior of the coating has been studied, using a Pt-modified aluminide coating as a reference. Results showed that the Zr-doped, Pt-modified aluminide coating was primarily composed of β-(Ni,Pt)Al phase, with small amounts of PtAl2- and Zr-rich phases dispersed in it. The addition of Zr diminished voids on the coating surface since Zr could hinder the growth of β-NiAl grains. It also helped to increase the spalling resistance of the oxide scale and reduce the oxidation rate, which made the Zr-doped, Pt-modified aluminide coating possess better oxidation resistance than the reference Pt-modified aluminide coating at the temperature of 1100 °C.
Photovoltaic Effect in Graphene/MoS2/Si Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Shi Weilin , Ma Xiying
Published: December 2017

This paper presents a study on the photovoltaic effect of a graphene/MoS2/Si double heterostructure, grown by rapid chemical vapor deposition. It was found that the double junctions of the graphene/MoS2 Schottky junction and the MoS2/Si heterostructure played important roles in enhancing the device’s performance. They allowed more electron-hole pairs to be efficiently generated, separated, and collected in the graphene/MoS2/Si double interface. The device demonstrated an open circuit voltage of 0.51 V and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.58% under an optical illumination of 500 mW/cm2. The photovoltaic effect of the device was partly attributed to the strong light absorption and photoresponse of the few-layer MoS2 film, and partly ascribed to the high carrier-collection-rate of the double van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) in the device.
Local Stress States and Microstructural Damage Response Associated with Deformation Twins in Hexagonal Close Packed Metals
Authors: Basu Indranil , Fidder Herman , Ocelík Václav , Th.M de Hosson Jeff
Published: December 2017

The current work implements a correlative microscopy method utilizing electron back scatter diffraction, focused ion beam and digital image correlation to accurately determine spatially resolved stress profiles in the vicinity of grain/twin boundaries and tensile deformation twin tips in commercially pure titanium. Measured local stress gradients were in good agreement with local misorientation values. The role of dislocation-boundary interactions on the buildup of local stress gradients is elucidated. Stress gradients across the twin-parent interface were compressive in nature with a maximum stress magnitude at the twin boundary. Stress profiles near certain grain boundaries initially display a local stress minimum, followed by a typically observed “one over square root of distance” variation, as was first postulated by Eshelby, Frank and Nabarro. The observed trends allude to local stress relaxation mechanisms very close to the grain boundaries. Stress states in front of twin tips showed tensile stress gradients, whereas the stress state inside the twin underwent a sign reversal. The findings highlight the important role of deformation twins and their corresponding interaction with grain boundaries on damage nucleation in metals.
Growing Season Stem Water Status Assessment of Qinghai Spruce through the Sap Flow and Stem Radial Variations in the Qilian Mountains of China
Authors: Tian Quanyan , He Zhibin , Xiao Shengchun , Du Jun , Peng Xiaomei , Chen Longfei , Lin Pengfei , Zhu Xi , Ding Aijun
Published: December 2017

Global climate change is likely to change precipitation patterns with consequences for tree water use and growth in semi-arid areas. However, little is known about the effects of variability in precipitation on growth- and water-related physiological processes of native trees in dry areas of northwestern China. In this study, sap flow and stem radial variability in four Qinghai spruce trees (Picea crassifolia) were monitored in the Qilian Mountains, China. Tree water deficit (ΔW) and basal area increment (BAI) were calculated using stem radial variation; water-use efficiency (WUE) was then estimated as the ratio of BAI and sap flow (Jt). The results showed that sap flow density (Js) increased logarithmically with increasing ΔW when ΔW < 50 μm, and then gradually stabilized. Multiple factor generalized additive models (GAM) showed that Js was closely related to all measured environmental variables except for daily mean temperature and relative air humidity. ΔW was related to the minimum daily temperature and soil water content. WUE exhibited higher values in early July. Low WUE was observed under conditions of prolonged dry weather, but it quickly increased during rainy days. WUE decreased after precipitation events due to high transpiration. We concluded that, in these semi-arid areas, precipitation is the most important controlling factor in tree growth and transpiration.
Transcriptomic Studies of the Effect of nod Gene-Inducing Molecules in Rhizobia: Different Weapons, One Purpose
Authors: Jiménez-Guerrero Irene , Acosta-Jurado Sebastián , Del Cerro Pablo , Navarro-Gómez Pilar , López-Baena Francisco , Ollero Francisco , Vinardell José , Pérez-Montaño Francisco
Published: December 2017

Simultaneous quantification of transcripts of the whole bacterial genome allows the analysis of the global transcriptional response under changing conditions. RNA-seq and microarrays are the most used techniques to measure these transcriptomic changes, and both complement each other in transcriptome profiling. In this review, we exhaustively compiled the symbiosis-related transcriptomic reports (microarrays and RNA sequencing) carried out hitherto in rhizobia. This review is specially focused on transcriptomic changes that takes place when five rhizobial species, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (=diazoefficiens) USDA 110, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841, Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899, Sinorhizobium (=Ensifer) meliloti 1021 and S. fredii HH103, recognize inducing flavonoids, plant-exuded phenolic compounds that activate the biosynthesis and export of Nod factors (NF) in all analysed rhizobia. Interestingly, our global transcriptomic comparison also indicates that each rhizobial species possesses its own arsenal of molecular weapons accompanying the set of NF in order to establish a successful interaction with host legumes.
Water Quality and Brain Function
Authors: Bondy Stephen , Campbell Arezoo
Published: December 2017

In the United States, regulations are in place to ensure the quality of drinking water. Such precautions are intended to safeguard the health of the population. However, regulatory guidelines may at times fail to achieve their purpose. This may be due to lack of sufficient data regarding the health hazards of chronic low dose exposure to contaminants or the introduction of new substances that pose a health hazard risk that has yet to be identified. In this review, examples of different sources of contaminants in drinking water will be discussed, followed by an evaluation of some select individual toxicants with known adverse neurological impact. The ability of mixtures to potentially cause additive, synergistic, or antagonistic neurotoxic responses will be briefly addressed. The last section of the review will provide examples of select mechanisms by which different classes of contaminants may lead to neurological impairments. The main objective of this review is to bring to light the importance of considering trace amounts of chemicals in the drinking water and potential brain abnormalities. There is continued need for toxicology studies to better understand negative consequences of trace amounts of toxins and although it is beyond the scope of this brief overview it is hoped that the review will underscore the paucity of studies focused on determining how long-term exposure to minute levels of contaminants in drinking water may pose a significant health hazard.
Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenes: A Case of Small Molecules Punching above Their Weight
Authors: Habtemariam Solomon
Published: December 2017

Monoterpenes belong to the terpenoids class of natural products and are bio-synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway. Their small molecular weight coupled with high non-polar nature make them the most abundant components of essential oils which are often considered to have some general antioxidant and antimicrobial effects at fairly high concentrations. These compounds are however reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Thanks to the ingenious biosynthetic machinery of nature, they also display a fair degree of structural complexity/diversity for further consideration in structure-activity studies. In the present communication, the merit of monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents is scrutinized by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the scientific literature. Both the aglycones and glycosides of these compounds of rather small structural size appear to display antidiabetic along with antiobesity and lipid lowering effects. The diversity of these effects vis-à-vis their structures and mechanisms of actions are discussed. Some key pharmacological targets include the insulin signaling pathways and/or the associated PI3K-AKT (protein kinase B), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways; proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver; glucagon-like-1 receptor (GLP-1R); among others.
Pituitary Gonadotropins, Prolactin and Growth Hormone Differentially Regulate AQP1 Expression in the Porcine Ovarian Follicular Cells
Authors: Skowronski Mariusz , Mlotkowska Patrycja , Tanski Damian , Lepiarczyk Ewa , Oklinski Michal , Nielsen Soren , Skowronska Agnieszka
Published: December 2017

The present in vitro study analyzed whether the hormones that affect the ovarian follicular steroidogenesis process also participate in the regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein expression. Granulosa (Gc) and theca cells (Tc) of medium and large porcine ovarian follicles were exposed to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) for 24 h in separated cells and co-cultures of these cells. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and volumetric analysis were then performed. Gonadotropins, PRL and GH had a stimulatory impact on AQP1 mRNA and protein expression in Gc and Tc of medium and large ovarian cells. Moreover, swelling assays, in response to a hypotonic environment, demonstrated the functional presence of AQPs in porcine Gc and Tc. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that AQP1 protein was mainly localized in the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm, endosomes and cell membranes of Gc and Tc from medium and large follicles. It seems possible that AQP1 present in Gc and Tc cells may be implicated not only in the regulation of water homeostasis required for follicle development but also in cell proliferation and migration.