bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnopharmacological Studies of Medicinal plants Used by Ethnic Groups in Bardsir Region, Kerman Province
Authors: Sarhadynejad Zarrin , Sharififar Fariba , Eslaminejad Touba , Sarhadinejad Zohreh , Pourmirzaie Ahmad , Ansari Mehdi
Published: January 2022

Ethnobotanical studies try to gather indigenous cultures plant knowledge from different regions and tribes all over the world. This study aimed at obtaining, documenting and analyzing medicinal plants used by some ethnic groups in Bardsir region, Kerman province, Iran. Data collection was done through face-to-face interviews, and finally, 120 questionnaires were filled out. Based on the local knowledge, the data collection was analyzed using quantitative values including family importance value (FIV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), fidelity level (FL), use-value index (UV), and factor of informant consensus (FIC). In this study, 47 medicinal plants were recorded belonging to 22 families. The results expressed the highest FIV belonged to Lamiaceae (57%) family. The hemicryptophytes (49%) were also regarded as the most common life forms of the used species. In the current study, the highest RFCs and UV indices belonged to Urtica urens L. 0.21, and 0.39, respectively. Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii (K.Koch) Greuter, and Teucrium polium L. had the maximum percentage of FL for treating digestive system disorders. In the present study, the highest indices belonged to U. urens, A. santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii and T. polium; thus, it is recommended conducting further in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the mentioned species.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM COLABORAÇÃO: POSSIBILIDADES DE RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Tassoni Elvira Cristina Martins
Published: January 2022

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa no campo da formação continuada de professores estruturada em uma perspectiva de colaboração numa parceria entre a universidade e a escola de educação básica. O objetivo é demonstrar que o processo formativo constituído de forma colaborativa tem possibilitado movimentos reflexivos importantes para a tomada de consciência e a promoção de mudanças na prática pedagógica. A formação configurou-se como um grupo de estudo que se reuniu durante dois anos, com adesão voluntária de professores, para discutir as demandas advindas do dia a dia da escola. Por meio de narrativas orais e escritas evidencia-se o movimento reflexivo diante das dúvidas, das dificuldades e dos desafios, que, ao serem socializados e discutidos, ganharam materialidade e potencializaram as mudanças. Os resultados apresentam um deslocamento do foco das discussões, que inicialmente evidenciavam as dificuldades dos alunos, para reflexões em torno do planejamento e elaboração das propostas.
CONSTITUIÇÃO DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL: HISTÓRICO E IMPASSES NA SEGUNDA DÉCADA DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: De Oliveira Bezerra Vinícius , Lima Tatiane da Silva
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir a progressiva adoção do direito à educação pelo Estado brasileiro nas Constituições Federais de 1824 a 1988 e na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei nº 9.394) de 1996, em contraposição com as políticas sociais e educacionais contemporâneas que limitam o usufruto desse direito fundamental, como a Emenda Constitucional nº 95/2016, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e a Reforma do Ensino Médio (Lei nº 13.415/2017). Nessa perspectiva, para o desenvolvimento do objetivo proposto, apresenta-se uma breve digressão histórica acerca da constituição legal do direito à educação no Brasil, e, posteriormente, um balanço inicial sobre o impacto das políticas sociais e educacionais supracitadas, em um contexto de aprofundamento dos ajustes neoliberais na segunda década do século XXI. Como resultado, observa-se que, ao contrário de contextos históricos anteriores, nos quais o direito à educação era abertamente negado por governos elitistas e autoritários, com as políticas neoliberais esse direito é limitado “por dentro” do Estado democrático, em um contexto de aprofundamento da crise do capitalismo em escala global.
Nutritional status of alcoholics in peri-urban areas of the greater Accra region of Ghana
Authors:   University of Ghana, Klobodu SS , Steiner-Asiedu M , Colecraft E , Anderson AK ,   University of Georgia
Published: January 2022

Alcoholism is a common problem in developing countries. Epidemiological studies on the relationship among excessive alcohol consumption, malnutrition and anaemia are inconclusive. The present study examined the association between alcohol intake and nutritional status of alcoholics in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The study was cross-sectional involving 107 participants (men and women) aged between 20 and 76 years. Participants were identified as alcoholics after screening with a combined, but modified CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. Anthropometric data including weight, biceps skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness, hip circumference and waist circumference were collected. Body mass index (BMI) and Waist-to-hip ratio were computed using appropriate measures. Haemoglobin levels of participants were also assessed. Dietary intakes of respondents were estimated by 24-hour recall which was further converted into nutrients and energy using ESHA food processor. A pretested questionnaire was also used to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants. Differences between participants based on level of alcohol intake and correlations among variables were tested for statistical significance using ANOVA and correlation analyses, respectively. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between levels of total ethanol intake and overweight and obesity factors while controlling for age, smoking status, physical activity and total energy intake. There was an inverse correlation between triceps skinfold and level of alcohol consumption irrespective of predominant type of alcoholic beverage consumed (r= -0.213, P= 0.028). Further, there was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers (r= 0.585, P= 0.046). A strong positive correlation was observed between alcohol intake and haemoglobin concentration for women (r= 0.729, P= 0.040) but not among men (r= -0.053, P= 0.722). Predominant beer consumers tend to have higher weight and BMI. Moderate level of total ethanol intake was associated with greater odds of being overweight/obese, whereas high levels of intake was associated with lower odds of being overweight/obesity although these were not statistically significant. The mechanisms for the observation of higher weight, BMI and hip circumference among predominant beer consumers in this population need further exploration.
The influence of blanching, anti-browning agent and processing time on some physico-chemical properties and appearance of green peppers (Capsicum sinensis) during canning
Authors:   University of Ghana, Mensah-Brown H , Afoakwa EO , Hinneh M
Published: January 2022

Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was used to generate twenty combinations of these factors: blanching time, processing time and sodium metabisulphite concentration. The optimized conditions were then adapted for the canning process of green pepper. Blanching time ranged from 0-1 min whereas processing time and sodium metabisulphite concentration ranged from 10-30 min and 0-0.2%, respectively. The canned products were analyzed for physico-chemical qualities using standard analytical methods. Results obtained from various physicochemical analyses showed variable trends and influences of the linear, quadratic and exponential interactions on the measured quality indices such as pH of the drained liquid, drained weight of the canned product, leached solids and colour of the canned products. The results showed significant (p≤0.05) quadratic effect of sodium metabisulphite as well as linear effect of blanching time on the drained weight of the canned green pepper. Generally, the pH of the medium decreased (increased acidity) with increasing processing time, which was also positively associated with the extent or amount of leaching. Additionally, all three factors were observed to have affected (to variable extent) the colour of the canned products. Blanching and processing times also affected the degree of browning. There was a strong significant (p≤0.05) influence of the quadratic factors of blanching time, processing time and sodium metabisulphite concentration on the colour properties (a-values, b-values and Lvalues) of the canned products. Statistical analysis showed significant (p≤0.05) linear effects of blanching time and sodium salt concentration as well as the combined effect of both factors on all the colour properties. All the studied parameters had significant regression coefficients (p≤0.05) suggesting the studied parameters contributed significantly to the observed changes. Colour of the canned products changed from green toward redness with increasing blanching time at all concentrations of sodium metabisulphite. Optimal processing combination of 0 min blanching time, 10 min processing time and sodium metabisulphite concentration of 0.2% produced a highly acceptable canned pepper product with preferred physico-chemical and appearance properties.
A restrospective study of the nutritional status of primary school children in Harare
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Mushonga NGT , Kujinga P , Chagwena DT , Nyabanga G ,   Nutrition Unit, Harare City Health Department
Published: January 2022

Malnourished children may grow up to become adults with reduced physical and cognitive capacity. Knowledge of trends of children’s nutritional status over time is important to raise awareness, guide resource allocation as well as develop nutrition -related interventions for communities. A retrospective study was conducted in Harare using data collected and compiled by the Harare City Council Nutrition U nit. Trends of nutritional status of primary school children in high density areas of Harare were examined in relation to stunting and wasting. All anthropometric data generated from 2003 to 2011 by the Harare Nutrition Unit were analysed. Age was calculated by subtracting the date of birth from the date of interview. The Z -scores for height -for- age (HAZ), and weight -for- height (WHZ) were calculated using the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards. Children with HAZ and WHZ less than - 2 SD from the median reference population were considered stunted and wasted, respectively. The least squares method was used to determine the strength o f outcome change measures over time . A decrease in stunting was observed from a prevalence of 10.2% to 7.4% over the period 2003 to 2011 in males (R 2 = 0.13), and from 7.8% to 4.4% in females (R 2 = 0.29) over the same period. Wasting in both males and females was on a slower decrease starting only from the year 2007 to 2009 (R 2 = 0.11) for males and (R 2 = 0.05) for females. There has been an increase in wasting in recent years from 2009 to 2011 in males (2.7- 4.6%) and females (3.1- 3.6%). More males among primary school children are both wasted and stunted than females. The results demonstrate a decreasing prevalence in stunting in primary school children but there is an increase in prevalence of wasting in primary school children. Interventions to curb the rise in wasting in primary school children in Harare’s high density areas are warranted such as resuscitation of school nutrition gardens , school feeding program and health education.
Physio-chemical, mineral composition and antioxidant properties of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract blended with tropical fruit juices
Authors:   Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway, Mgaya Kilima B , Remberg SF , Chove BE ,   Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, Wicklund T ,   Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
Published: January 2022

Different varieties of fruit juices and beverages are available globally and there has been an increased consumption of fruit juices and beverages due to consumer awareness of nutritional and health benefits. Juice extracts are produced from various parts of plants including leaves, fruits a nd flowers. Hibiscus sabdiriffa (Roselle) is one such plant whose flowers are used to prepare juices. The roselle extract has a unique red colour, good flavour, low sugar and high acidic content . The acidity makes the juice sour hence the need for addition of sweetening products. A study was conducted on the formulation of roselle extract -tropical fruit blends aimed at establishing its physiochemical, mineral and antioxidant composition. Dried roselle calyces at a ratio of 1:10 (dried roselle calyces: water ) were extracted at 50 o C for 30 minutes. The roselle extracts were blended at various proportions of fruit (mango, papaya and guava) juices. Physiochemical, mineral composition and antioxidant properties were evaluated in all the roselle fruit juice blends The results for all roselle - fruit blends (80% roselle to 20% roselle) showed that pH ranged between (2.35- 3.32), total soluble solids (5.6- 10.6 o Brix ), titratable acidity (1.28 -1.92 % ), reducing sugars (2.95- 5.55) mg/100g,. Calcium (555.3- 23.4 mg/100g DM ), Magnesium (213.8- 11.5 mg/100g DM ), Phosphorus (39.8- 9.0 mg/100g DM ), Sodium (2.3- 5.47 mg/100g DM ), Zinc (5.85- 0.69 mg/100g DM ), Iron (29.5 -1.36 mg/100g DM ), monomeric anthocyanin (493.5 -118.2 mg cyanidin- 3- glucoside/100g ), vitamin C (40.0- 86.5 mg/100g ), total phenol (54.6- 10.8 mg gallic acid/ 100 g ) and antioxidant activity (1.80- 1.37 mmol/L ). Blending of tropical fruit juices with roselle extract have improved mineral composition and antioxidant properties of fruit juices as roselle is a good source of calcium, magnesium and iron. Antioxidants acts as free radical scavengers inhibit lipid peroxidation and other free radical mediated process, therefore, consumption of roselle -fruit juices with high anthocyanin will protect human body from several diseases attributed to the reactions of free radicals.
Undergraduate module on nutrition education and communication for Africa: Profiles of potential students
Authors:   Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, Wijesinha-Bettoni R , Jeong KY , Sherman J , Cham B , Jennings A , Alvarez C , Muehlhoff E
Published: January 2022

To be adequately nourished, individuals need to have access to sufficient and good quality food. They also need to have an understanding of what constitutes a good diet for health, and have the skills and motivation to make good food choices. Nutrition education equips people to make such choices. Building countries’ capacities to provide effective nutrition education and promote healthy diets is part of the work carried out by the Nutrition Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The FAO Effective Education for Nutrition in Action (ENACT) project is assisting countries to develop institutional and professional capacities in nutrition education in Africa by producing a basic module on nutrition education at undergraduate level for use by national universities and other training institutions. The course materials will be available for online, face-to-face or blended use and are being piloted and revised to improve and adapt them to local context and consumer need. Creating a learner profile is an accepted step in course design, particularly important in situations where course developers do not have close contact with the students, as in this case. The ENACT learner profile was compiled from replies to a short questionnaire of 32 questions administered to a sample of students. The respondents were the actual piloting students, or were representative of those who would be piloting the course. One hundred and twenty eight responses were received from universities in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda, approximately 20 per university. On average, respondents answered 96% of the questions in the questionnaire. Information was obtained on areas such as students’ social/cultural interests; food and nutrition experience and expertise; food and eating habits; ideas of nutrition education and training in nutrition education; and study preferences. In addition, the profile of a typical learner in each country (including age, gender and information on socio-economic background, urban/rural background and English proficiency) was compiled from the questionnaires and from additional information supplied by the tutors. The study findings have helped the course developers to select course content and structure learning activities to meet students’ needs and circumstances.
The politics of food and the fight against hunger: Reflections and lessons from Uganda
Authors:   Regional Manager, Africa, International Programming Group, World Vision Australia, Kamara JK , Renzaho AMN ,   Monash University
Published: January 2022

Uganda is regarded as a success story having achieved tremendous economic progress since the end of chronic civil unrest and ethnic conflicts. However, the country faces a host of developmental challenges, especially adult and child hunger in tandem with malnutrition that threatens the core foundations of the impressive economic growth. These challenges have created conditions which led to civil strife especially among the urban poor who are most affected by hunger as opposed to the rural poor who subsist on farming. Out of desperation, some sections of the society use unconventional means to fight hunger; their frustration is often directed at the established authorities. However, factors that precipitate hunger in Uganda are poorly understood. This paper examines how Ugandan politics is being reshaped by the geopolitics of food. The objective is to provide a critical analysis of factors associated with food insecurity for the growing urban population and demonstrate that the Ugandan Government can do better to address the increasing food prices and the high cost of living. The triggers of the 2011/2012 riots in urban areas and the adequacy of the government’s response will be discussed. The impact of various factors such as international food markets, population growth and increasing demands for biofuel, on the rising food and fuel prices, will be examined. The paper also reviews other forces driving food insecurity including changes in the weather patterns, the growing middle class, the impact of government policies as well the role of increased urbanisation. The paper concludes that food insecurity for the growing Ugandan population is a threat that can no longer be ignored. This paper argues that achieving food security especially for the urban poor, is an effective means of curtailing civil strife, violence and insecurity in Uganda. The government must be proactive in creating a foundation for food independence and national stability.
The role of the KIBRA and APOE genes in developing spatial abilities in humans
Authors: Kazantseva A. V. , Enikeeva R. F. , Davydova Yu. D. , Mustafin R. N. , Takhirova Z. R. , Malykh S. B. , Lobaskova M. M. , Tikhomirova T. N. , Khusnutdinova E. K.
Published: January 2022

In the contemporary high-tech society, spatial abilities predict individual life and professional success, especially in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. According to neurobiological hypotheses, individual differences in cognitive abilities may be attributed to the functioning of genes involved in the regulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In addition, genome-wide association studies identified rs17070145 located in the KIBRA gene, which was associated with individual differences in episodic memory. Considering a significant role of genetic and environmental components in cognitive functioning, the present study aimed to estimate the main effect of NGF (rs6330), NRXN1 (rs1045881, rs4971648), KIBRA (rs17070145), NRG1 (rs6994992), BDNF (rs6265), GRIN2B (rs3764030), APOE (rs7412, rs429358), and SNAP25 (rs363050) gene polymorphisms and to assess the effect of gene-environment interactions on individual differences in spatial ability in individuals without cognitive decline aged 18–25 years (N = 1011, 80 % women). Spatial abilities were measured using a battery of cognitive tests including the assessment of “3D shape rotation” (mental rotation). Multiple regression analysis, which was carried out in the total sample controlling for sex, ethnicity and the presence of the “risk” APOE ε4 allele, demonstrated the association of the rs17070145 Т-allele in the KIBRA gene with enhanced spatial ability (β = 1.32; pFDR = 0.037) compared to carriers of the rs17070145 CC-genotype. The analysis of gene-environment interactions revealed that nicotine smoking (β = 3.74; p = 0.010) and urban/rural residency in childhood (β = –6.94; p = 0.0002) modulated the association of KIBRA rs17070145 and АРОЕ (rs7412, rs429358) gene variants with individual differences in mental rotation, respectively. The data obtained confirm the effect of the KIBRA rs17070145 Т-allele on improved cognitive functioning and for the first time evidence the association of the mentioned genetic variant with spatial abilities in humans. A “protective” effect of the APOE ε2 allele on enhanced cognitive functioning is observed only under certain conditions related to childhood rearing.
CLARITY and Light-Sheet microscopy sample preparation in application to human cerebral organoids
Authors: Shnaider T. A. , Pristyazhnyuk I. E.
Published: January 2022

Cerebral organoids are three-dimensional cell-culture systems that represent a unique experimental model reconstructing early events of human neurogenesis in vitro in health and various pathologies. The most commonly used approach to studying the morphological parameters of organoids is immunohistochemical analysis; therefore, the three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of organoids, such as neural networks or asymmetric internal organization, is difficult to reconstruct using routine approaches. Immunohistochemical analysis of biological objects is a universal method in biological research. One of the key stages of this method is the production of cryo- or paraffin serial sections of samples, which is a very laborious and time-consuming process. In addition, slices represent only a tiny part of the object under study; three-dimensional reconstruction from the obtained serial images is an extremely complex process and often requires expensive special programs for image processing. Unfortunately, staining and microscopic examination of samples are difficult due to their low permeability and a high level of autofluorescence. Tissue cleaning technologies combined with Light-Sheet microscopy allows these challenges to be overcome. CLARITY is one of the tissue preparation techniques that makes it possible to obtain opaque biological objects transparent while maintaining the integrity of their internal structures. This method is based on a special sample preparation, during which lipids are removed from cells and replaced with hydrogel compounds such as acrylamide, while proteins and nucleic acids remain intact. CLARITY provides researchers with a unique opportunity to study three-dimensional biological structures while preserving their internal organization, including whole animals or embryos, individual organs and artificially grown organoids, in particular cerebral organoids. This protocol summarizes an optimization of CLARITY conditions for human brain organoids and the preparation of Light-Sheet microscopy samples.
The Centripetal Force of Expression: Drawing Embodied Histories into Glassblowing
Authors: O’Connor Erin
Published: January 2022

Getting at the tacit understandings of an artful practice is critical in coming to understand the processes of creativity. To achieve this, the researcher, specifically the ethnographer, must place herself in the position of the maker, that is she must herself, make and create. This article provides an account of arriving at the methodological imperative of in situ ethnographic research through actual ethnographic research on the relation of maker and material. From an in situ position, it theorizes the modalities of expression in practice, from problem-solving, to personal style, to the intentional drawing in of embodied histories in practice. This incorporation of varying embodied histories into a current practice is then explored as the possibility for affecting what is recognized in the field as ”new” or ”innovative”. We will see, however, that is affect is grounded more in the corporeal revealing of unexpected aspects of the material worked up.
Born to Write: Discovery and Construction of Self in the Identity Stories of Poets and Writers
Authors: Ben-Shir Deborah
Published: January 2022

The explorative study hereby presented is based on in-depth interviews with 16 renowned Israeli writers of prose and poetry. The aim of the study is to examine the identity-stories of these masters of the written word. By the term "identity-story", we relate to the self-reflective or "arspoetic" sides of the life stories our interviewees presented, the hows, whens and whys which had brought them to realize their identities as their cultures' authorized authors or poets. Thematic analysis of these stories, conducted in the spirit of the Schutzian Phenomenological-Interpretive approach, reveals an interesting interplay of two seemingly contradictory core meta-themes - identity-creation and identity-discovery. The present paper is focused on the identity-discovery meta-theme. Unlike the identitycreation meta-theme, which illustrates active, deliberate and conscious processes of identity construction within the social world, the identitydiscovery meta-theme is based on narratives that detect the belief in the feasibility of a transcendental revelation of a given identity, whose roots lies beyond the ties of time and place.
Narrative Approaches as a Supplementary Source of Knowledge on Marginalized Groups
Authors: Follesø Reidun , Hanssen Jorid Krane
Published: January 2022

This article reflects upon two different research projects that involve narratives from youth in care and youth growing up in families with gay and lesbian parents. We argue that these narrative approaches may offer a supplementary source of knowledge on marginalized groups that often seem hard to reach. The first method involves the participant and researcher collaborating to convert an oral narrative into a written one. In the second, the participants write an autobiographical narrative by themselves, covering themes specified by a researcher. The article is structured so that we first look at the processes of co-creating narratives and collecting autobiographical testimonies. We then introduce the two different methodological approaches by referring to empirical examples. Finally we reflect on the methodological and ethical challenges that occurred during this research.
RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE RECITATION ACTIVITY OF MUSLIMAT NU: An Effort to Prevent Religious Extremism
Authors: Rohmawati Yuyun , Barizi Ahmad
Published: January 2022

The lives of religious people are often in the spotlight because of complex problems. Religion which is supposed to be the source of peace, causes chaos. Hence, the moderation values must be taught in religious life to create peace. This study aims to explain the efforts and contribution of Muslimat NU Durek Hamlet, Batu City in internalizing the religious moderation values to prevent religious extremism. This is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The data are collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique includes data condensation, data display, conclusion drawing and verifying. The data are then verified using triangulation techniques. The results reveal that there are three efforts done by the Muslimat NU Durek Hamlet to internalize the religious moderation, namely oral method, exemplary, and monitoring. The values taught are balance, tolerance, deliberations, good prejudice and fair. Meanwhile, the contribution of religious moderation in preventing religious extremism is tolerance for differences, being friendly, polite, and doing deliberation.
PESANTREN’S DIGITAL LITERACY: An Effort to Realize the Advancement of Pesantren Education
Authors: Fadli Muhammad Rijal , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti
Published: January 2022

There are still many digital literacy gaps among pesantren in Indonesia due to maintaining the pesantren culture itself. Pesantren must be able to adapt to the times in the digital era, so they can compete with other educational institutions by utilizing digital literacy. The purpose of this article is to analyze pesantren digital literacy skills as an effort to realize the progress of pesantren education. The method used is library research with descriptive analysis study. The data is analyzed using content analysis and descriptive studies related to digital literacy in pesantren by using data sources from previous studies. The results explain that digital literacy is an opportunity and potential for pesantren education to be developed so that the role of pesantren in society is more advanced and superior. So, pesantren remains adaptive to the developments and demands of the times as needed. The digital literacy can be in the form of critical, creativity, imagination, and creative thinking skills in understanding technological developments so that they can use them well. Pesantren digital literacy is optimized as a form of effort in realizing the progress of pesantren education in Indonesia.
Review of deaths and behavior of large birds of prey on power grid facilities in Tatarstan and Udmurtia (Russia), problems of modernization of 6–10 kV overhead power lines
Authors:   Elabuga Institute, Kazan Federal University, Bekmansurov Rinur H.
Published: January 2022

The report analyzes the deaths of large birds of prey on power grid facilities of Tatarstan previously published in the literature since 2012 and additional ones, identified since 2019, including in the neighboring region – Udmurt Republic. Analysis of the data shows that immature Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca) up to 3 years old (n=11) died on the 6–10 kV power lines dangerous for birds. The percentage of fledglings that died near breeding territories after leaving their nests was 81.8% (n=9); one bird died in its second year of life and one bird died in its third year. The death of fledglings was identified in 8 breeding areas (in one of them twice), which is 3.9% of all known breeding areas of the Imperial Eagle in Tatarstan by the end of 2021 (n=205) and about 7.2% of 111 breeding areas in 16 administrative districts of southeastern Tatarstan where oil production is taking place. Two out of six fledglings, for which a time interval of death was established, died in the second half of August, and 2 eagles also died in the first and second halves of September. Distances from precisely known nests to locations where the fledglings died ranged from 0.26 to 11.7 km, 2.56 km on average (n=7). In 57.1% of cases deaths occurred at distances less than 1 km (from 260 to 600 m), and in 28.6% of cases at distances from 2 to 3 km. Observations of the behavior of imperial eagles in breeding grounds show a certain selectivity, namely avoidance of the most dangerous power lines. Adaptation of imperial eagles to the electric grid environment continues – 3 new breeding territories on the electric poles of high-voltage power lines were found. Two cases of death of immature White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) were identified on 6–10 kV power lines dangerous for birds deep in the forestland on narrow forest cleared strips in Tatarstan and Udmurtia, as well as the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) in Udmurtia. Illegal exploitation and even construction of new 6–10 kV power lines dangerous for birds continues. Despite the measures taken to protect birds from death in the electric grid environment, the rate and quality of these measures are such that in the near future power lines will have a negative impact on eagles in the native area as they do now.
Results of researches of some rare species of raptors in the Nechkinsky National Park, Russia
Authors:   Elabuga Institute, Kazan Federal University, Bekmansurov Rinur H.
Published: January 2022

This report presents the selected results of rare birds of prey studies in the Nechkinsky National Park (Udmurt Republic, Russia) 20 years after the first studies undertaken here by I.V. Karyakin in 1991–1996. The main efforts were directed to the study of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). At the same time, the identification of other rare species was made. The studies were carried out during short visits to the territory in 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2021. In the national park (NP), within the previously known breeding areas, 3 new nests were identified. They were 0.9–1.6 km displaced from the locations of the old nests found 20 years ago. A new breeding territory was found in the adjacent area near the border of the NP. Despite the incomplete study of the area, it is assumed to be 8-9 breeding areas in the national park, and 2–3 areas directly along its borders. The number of breeding pairs of eagles in comparison with the first half of the 1990s, according to the author, remains stable, and population increase, as happened on the Lower Kama in Tatarstan, has not been observed here. Eagles nest on large, old-growth pines and larch trees, with a distance of 130–530 m deep into the forest from the outer edge. The distance to the Kama River is 0.68 km on average (0.13–1.3 km, n=4). The minimum distance between the nearest neighbors in the Kama valley, unregulated by the reservoir, is currently 3.6 km, the average (n=3) – 3.9 km. Eagles breed occasionally on and off. No reproduction was recorded for 2–3 years. The period of egg laying extends for a month from the beginning of March to the beginning of April. The death of young birds on 6-10 kV power lines was revealed, as a result, the owners were obliged to equip the power lines with bird protection devices. White-Tailed Eagle nestlings were ringed with colored rings. Two repeated observations were obtained from the lower reaches of Kama. The Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) continues to inhabit the National Park, which is confirmed by the meetings of adult birds. There has been two-three times population of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in comparison with the first half of the 1990s. Breeding of this falcon was found on 2 territories with a distance of 16.5 km between them.
Penerapan Algoritma K-Medoids dalam Menentukan Daerah Rawan Banjir di Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Sukmayadi Cepy , Primajaya Aji , Maulana Iqbal
Published: January 2022

Flood disasters often occur during the rainy season. Karawang is one area that is often flooded. Based on the risk index from BNPB, the flood disaster in Karawang affected 84% of the community, so efforts need to be made to reduce and overcome flood disasters. These problems are the beginning of efforts that need to be known which areas are prone to flooding. Therefore, this study aims to determine flood-prone areas in Karawang as an initial effort in tackling flood disasters. The research was conducted by classifying flood-prone areas using the k-medoids algorithm. K-Medoids uses the partition clustering method to group lists and objects into a number of clusters. This algorithm uses objects in a collection of objects that represent a cluster. The attributes used are flood-causing factors such as rainfall, elevation (soil height), population density, and distance to the river. The results of the study found three potential floods, namely low, medium, and high. There are 1 sub-district with low flood potential, 24 sub-districts with moderate flood potential, and 5 sub-districts with high flood potential. The test results using the silhouette coefficient get a value of 0.370.
Taxonomia e matriz de decisão das tecnologias digitais na educação
Authors: Rodrigues Herik Zednik , Tarouco Liane Margarida Rockenbach , Klering Luis Roque , García-Valcárcel Ana , Guerra Eder Paulus Moraes
Published: January 2022

Este artigo propõe uma Taxonomia e uma Matriz de Decisão das Tecnologias Digitais na Educação (TDE), cujo objetivo é colaborar com os professores na escolha e incorporação da tecnologia digital em sala de aula. A análise se caracterizou por utilizar uma metodologia teórica descritiva fundamentada nos estudos de Manning y Johnson e na teoria Hype-cycle de Gartner. O resultado considera quatro categorias centrais: Autoria; Busca, Armazenamento e Socialização; Imersividade Virtual; e Tecnologia Assistiva. Todas estas contem ferramentas específicas que se subdividem em razão de suas características. A matriz de decisão permite aos professores conhecer e avaliar ferramentas individuais e determinar quais dessas atendem às necessidades de ensino, previamente planejadas.
The role of nutrients and probiotics in treatment of depression
Authors: Neznanov N. G. , Rukavishnikov G. V. , Kasyanov E. D. , Ganzenko M. A. , Leonova L. V. , Zhilyaeva T. V. , Mazo G. E.
Published: January 2022

Currently, a growing amount of data is emerging on the role of various environmental factors (nutrients, gut microbiota, etc.) on formation of depression. The impact on these factors can be effective not only in treatment of major depressive disorder, but also in its early prevention. Therefore, a more detailed study of environmental factors in depression can lead both to a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder and to optimization of approaches to its treatment. The aim of the review was to assess the potential role of a number of environmental factors associated with nutritional aspects and characteristics of individual microflora, as well as to review the prospects of a strategy for affecting these factors in treatment and prevention of depression.
he effects of NETosis on fibrinolysis in colon cancer patients
Authors: Parshina A. A. , Tsybikov N. N. , Tereshkov P. P. , Karavaeva T. M. , Maksimenya M. V.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To investigate formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and their impact on fibrinolysis in patients with colon cancer.

Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group consisted of patients with stage 2–3 non-metastatic colon cancer (n = 17, average age – 67 years). The control group included healthy volunteers matched by sex and age (n = 30, average age – 68 years). An experimental model was created from the whole blood. It included platelet-poor plasma and an isolated culture of neutrophils, previously induced to NETosis by adding 100 nmol PMA. The samples were incubated for 4 hours, then the test tubes were centrifuged to pellet cells and their remnants, and the plasma was transferred for subsequent examination. The plasma incubated with intact neutrophils was used as a control. The levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) were used to determine the degree of cell activation. NETosis was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescent microscopy. Fibrinolysis was assessed using the thrombodynamics test. The results were compared with the levels of fibrinolytic system components measured by flow cytometry.

Results. In the control group, NETosis induction contributed to pronounced neutrophil activation that was accompanied by an increase in the IL-8, PSGL-1, and plasminogen levels, a decrease in PAI-1, and enhancement of fibrinolysis, compared with the intact samples. Higher levels of IL-8, PSGL-1, plasminogen, and PAI-1 and intensified fibrinolysis were detected in the intact samples. However, PMA-induced NETosis did not result in an increase in the degree of activation and significant changes in the given parameters.

Conclusion. NETosis promotes both formation and lysis of fibrin clots. However, in cancer patients, suicidal NETosis does not contribute to fibrinolysis due to intracellular protease depletion, which may be one of the mechanisms causing hypercoagulation and insufficient fibrinolysis in cancer.
Prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in young people under 45 years of age with abdominal obesity in Siberia
Authors: Ragino Yu. I. , Khudyakova A. D. , Striukova E. V. , Denisova D. V. , Shcherbakova L. V.
Published: January 2022

Aim. To study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in young people aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk, as well as the prevalence of diseases and pathological conditions in individuals with abdominal obesity.

Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study of the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years. The screening examined 1,415 people, including 670 men and 745 women. For all individuals, we evaluated the presence of such conditions as abdominal obesity (AO), arterial hypertension (AH), increased body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (according to validated epidemiologic and functional criteria with ECG findings classified according to the Minnesota Code), diabetes mellitus (DM), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), chronic bronchitis (CB), increased blood levels of total cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia).

Results. The prevalence of AO in the population of Novosibirsk aged 25–44 years was 42.4%: in men – 42.7%, in women – 42.1%. We found that AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH (odds ratio (OR) = 2.550, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.899–3.422, p = 0.0001), CB (OR = 1.830, CI 1.326–2.527, p = 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.486, CI 1.193–1.851, p = 0.0001), hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 1.527, CI 1.222–1.907, p = 0.0001) and a reverse effect on reduced GFR (OR = 0.603, CI 0.427–0.852, p = 0.004). In the male population under 45 years of age, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of AH, CB, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia. In the female population under the age of 45, AO had a significant direct effect on the development of DM, AH, CB, and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia and a reverse effect on the reduced GFR development.

Conclusion. Therefore, in the young Siberian population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity is associated with the development of common diseases and pathological conditions.
Determinants of Development Achievements on District/City of Central Java in 2019
Authors: Dewi Cesaria , Ekaria Ekaria
Published: January 2022

In 2019, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas) awarded Central Java as the province with the best Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (PPD). However, if it is reviewed at the district/city level, it shows that there are still many areas that have low development achievements. In accordance with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) proposal, the Human Development Index (HDI) is used as an indicator of the achievement of district/city development whose calculations are good enough to describe development from both a social and economic perspective. The large difference in HDI between districts/cities in Central Java and the distribution of development achievements are still centered around the provincial capital, namely Semarang City, this indicates the occurrence of inequality in development achievements at the district/city level in Central Java. Because the observations in this study are districts/cities in Central Java, the linkage between district/city causes spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, spatial regression model is used to determine the model that has spatial autocorrelation. This study aims to determine the achievements of development and its determinants in the districts/cities of Central Java in 2019 using the spatial regression analysis method. From the results of the study, it is known that there is a dependence on development achievements between districts/cities in Central Java which is influenced by the regional capacity factor is characterized by PAD and economic growth; operational resource factors characterized by DAU, DAK and technology; and the level of poverty.
The Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom on the Academic Achievement of University Undergraduates
Authors: Masadeh Thouqan Saleem
Published: January 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Flipped Classroom in developing the achievement of university undergraduates. The quasi-experimental approach was used and three achievement posttests were carried out. Participants were (32) students who were in advance distributed to two groups, control and experimental. Analysis of Students' achievement grades revealed that the effectiveness of Flipped Classroom use, as a learning method needs time to take place in students' academic achievement and understanding of the learning materials because of  the nature of the Flipped Classroom that flipped the whole learning process. Thus, students needed time to be familiar with this new learning method for them. Results showed that there was no significant difference between participants' achievement mean scores in the first posttest at the end of the fifth week due to the use of the Flipped Classroom or the ordinary methods. However, there was a significant difference between students' achievement mean scores in the second posttest in favor of the experimental group students who learnt the course content through the use of  Flipped Classroom. In addition, there was a significant difference in student participants' mean scores in the third posttest in favor of  the experimental group students, too. In light of these findings, it was concluded that the instructor and his students should be patient for some time for the effectiveness of using the Flipped Classroom learning method to be noticed. Moreover, considerable time should be spent on familiarizing students with this new learning method.  
THE POTENTIAL USE OF ANTI-NUTRITIONAL COMPOUNDS OF GADUNG TUBERS AS BIOPESTICIDES
Authors: Ismawati Riva , Nurhidayanti Feni , Dhewi Theresya Amelya , Yuningsih Cucun
Published: January 2022

The use of gadung (Discorea hispida dennst.) tubers as food source is not seen as an attractive option due to dioscorine and cyanide anti-nutritional compounds contained therein. The presence of dioscorine and cyanide compounds makes gadung tubers known as poisonous food. Although the community has known its poisonous nature, the use of gadung tubers as natural pesticides (biopesticides) is not commonly known by the community. Using gadung tubers as biopesticides provides solution to unanswered problems caused by chemical pesticides. This article seeks to describe the potential use of anti-nutritional compounds of gadung tubers as biopesticides based on literature reviews. Various literature related to anti-nutritional compounds contained in gadung tubers and their use as biopesticides have been analyzed in depth. The literature review results show that dioscorine and cyanide anti-nutritional compounds are toxic and can be used as biopesticides. The effectiveness of gadung tubers on various agricultural pests depends entirely on the concentration of gadung tubers used. The use of gadung tubers as biopesticides is needed to increase and maintain the productivity of agricultural land in addition to preserving natural resources.
Classification of Dermoscopic Image of Skin Cancer Using the GLCM Method and Multi-SVM Algorithm
Authors: Hasanah Riyan Latifahul , Riana Dwiza
Published: January 2022

The development of abnormal skin pigment cells can cause a skin cancer called melanoma. Melanoma can be cured if diagnosed and treated in its early stages. Various studies using various technologies have been developed to conduct early detection of melanoma. This research was conducted to diagnose melanoma skin cancer with digital image processing techniques on the dermoscopic image of skin cancer. The diagnosis is made by classifying dermoscopic images based on the types of Common Nevus, Atypical Nevus or Melanoma. Pre-processing is done by changing the RGB image to grayscale (grayscaling), smoothing image using median filtering, and image segmentation based on binary images of skin lesions. The value of Contrast, Correlation, Energy and Homogeneity obtained from the texture feature extraction of the GLCM method is used in the next step, which is the classification process with the Multi-SVM algorithm. The proposed research method shows high accuracy results in diagnosing skin cancer