bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR TENTANG MITIGASI BENCANA MELALUI METODE FGL BAGI SISWA KELAS X-MIA1 SMAN 2 CILACAP
Authors: Sutarno Sutarno
Published: November 2020

Masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah bagaimana proses pembelajarandengan menggunakan metode FGL dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar geografi,seberapa besar peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar geografi setelah menggunakanpembelajaran dengan metode FGL, serta bagaimana perubahan perilaku untuk meningkatkanmotivasi dan hasil belajar geografi setelah proses belajar mengajar dengan metode FGL. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode FGLdapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar geografi tentang mitigasi bencana,mendeskripsikan seberapa besar peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar geografi tentang mitigasibencana, serta mendeskripsikan perubahan perilaku yang menyertai peningkatan motivasi danhasil belajar geografi tentang mitigasi bencana. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas X-MIA1 SMAN 2Cilacap, dengan jumlah siswa 38 orang. PTK ini dilakukan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran2014/2015, dan dimulai bulan Maret 2015 sampai Mei 2015. Penelitian tindakan inimenggunakan 2 siklus proses belajar mengajar yang akan digunakan untuk melihat adakahperubahan pada diri siswa (motivasi dan hasil belajarnya). Hasil PTK yang kami lakukanmenunjukan bahwa proses pembelajaran yang menggunakan metode FGL dapat meningkatkanmotivasi dan hasil belajar, besarnya motivasi yang dicapai adalah dari kategori rendah (52,63%)menjadi kategori tinggi (71,05%), sedangkan besarnya hasil belajar yang dicapai meningkatdari 65,79 dari hasil posttest siklus pertama menjadi 93,42 dari hasil posttest pada siklus 2. Hasilyang lain adalah perubahan perilaku siswa dan guru semakin kreatif, inovatif dan lebihbersemangat dalam PBM.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN GURU IPA DENGAN EFEKTIFITAS “SUKA EVA” PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DI SMP WILAYAH BINAAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS SEMESTER GASAL TAHUN 2014/2015
Authors: SUJIRANTO SUJIRANTO
Published: November 2020

Meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran guru IPA dengan pendekatan “Sukaeva” di SMP binaanPengawas Sekolah Kabupaten Banyumas semester gasal tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Berdasarkanlemahnya hasil supervisi akademik pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 rata-ratamasih bernilai cukup, maka peneliti perlu melakukan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan proes pembelajaran di kelas.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Supervisi Akademik dan Evaluasi di tujuh SMP binaanpengawas wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa pada awalsebelum penelitian hasil supervisi menunjukkan hasil yang sangat rendah yaitu 70,5. Hasil inimasuk dalam kategori cukup. Setelah dilakukan pembinaan dan dilakukan supervisi olehpengawas sekolah pada siklus 1 hasil dari 7 guru nilai rata-rata menjadi 81,274 atau 71,429%termasuk hasilnya yang baik, dan 28,571 % nilai masih cukup. Pada siklus kedua nilai rata-rata89,575 yang kategori amat baik ada 4 dari 7, atau 57,143% dan yang kategori baik ada 3 atau42,857. Jadi dari siklus 1 ke siklus 2 ada peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran guru naik sebesar8,301. Peningkatan kualitas guru akan mempengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran, yang berdampaklangsung pada peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik.
KOMUNIKASI INSTRUKSIONAL PEMBINA PRAMUKA SIAGA DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN PRESTASI KEJUARAAN PESERTA DIDIK DI SDN 1 GRENDENG KECAMATAN PURWOKERTO UTARA KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Fuaddah Ashlikhatul
Published: November 2020

Komunikasi instruksional merupakan proses komunikasi yang dipola dan dirancang secarakhusus untuk mengubah perilaku sasaran dalam komunikasi tertentu ke arah yang lebih baik.Kata instructional dapat diartikan sebagai pengajaran, pelajaran atau bahkan perintah atauinstruksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikankomunikasi instruksional pembina pramuka siaga dalam mempertahankan prestasi kejuaraanpeserta didik SDN 1 Grendeng. Data penelitian diperoleh dari beberapa informan, yakni duapembina dari pihak dewan guru dan dua orang dari pihak luar yaitu Racana Soedirman.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Modelanalisis data yang diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini adalah model analisis interaktif milik Millesdan Huberman. Validitas data diuji melalui teknik triangulasi sumber dengan caramembandingkan atau mengecek balik derajat kepercayaan suatu informasi yang diperoleh padawaktu dan dengan alat yang berbeda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Komunikasi instruksionaldalam praktiknya menggunakan komunikasi mekanistis. Metode instruksional yang digunakanadalah metode latihan, sedangkan model instruksional yang digunakan adalah Classroomsoriented model. SDN 1 Grendeng bertahan dalam prestasi kejuaraannya adalah karena dukungandari pihak sekolah meliputi Kepala Sekolah, Dewan Guru, Komite Sekolah dan BKR jugadukungan penuh dari para orang tua peserta didik.
MODEL KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK UNTUK MENCEGAH PERILAKU BULLYING PADA REMAJA
Authors: Muksin Nani Nurani , Purnamasari Oktaviana , Tohari Moh Amin
Published: November 2020

Kasus bullying remaja masih saja terus terjadi di Indonesia. Kondisi ini tentu saja menimbulkankeprihatinan bagi semua pihak, baik sekolah, orang tua maupun masyarakat. Bullying memilikidampak yang buruk bagi korban, mulai dari menurunnya prestasi belajar di sekolah, menyimpandendam terhadap si pelaku bahkan hingga keinginan untuk bunuh diri. Melalui model komunikasikelompok yang tepat, diharapkan dapat mencegah bullying pada remaja yang dilakukan dilingkungan sekolah. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Jakarta Selatan. Sumber data diperoleh dari key informan Guru BimbinganKonseling dan informan siswa-siswi SMP di Jakarta Selatan. Metode pengumpulan datadilaksanakan melalui wawancara mendalam dan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaperilaku komunikasi kelompok pada remaja di lingkungan sekolah di empat Sekolah MenengahPertama di Jakarta Selatan, mengacu pada: a) Tujuan pembentukan komunikasi kelompok, b)Perilaku komunikasi kelompok antara lain berkomunikasi secara verbal “bercerita/ngobrol”maupun non verbal seperti melalui gambar, foto dan gerak-gerik “gesture”, dalam membahas tugas-tugas sekolah dan ekstra kulikuler, c) Interaksi yang dilakukan pada komunikasi kelompok, d).Peran dan norma yang mereka sepakati, e) Media komunikasi kelompok sebagai sarana untukmenyampaikan aspirasi, f) Jumlah anggota kelompok, rata-rata enam sampai sepuluh, dan g).Waktu berkomunikasi kelompok. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilakukomunikasi kelompok pada remaja di sekolah antara lain: a) Kegiatan. Kegiatan yang dilakukankelompok akan mempengaruhi intensitas perilaku komunikasi kelompok, b) Interaksi. Semakinintensif interaksi yang dilakukan, maka akan semakin solid sebuah kelompok dan c) Perasaan. Disamping itu, pengaruh kelompok terhadap perilaku individu anggota kelompok antara lainberbentuk: Konformitas, Fasilitas Sosial dan Polarisasi. Dari poin-poin tersebut di atas maka dapatdisimpulkan sebuah model komunikasi kelompok untuk mencegah perilaku bullying pada remajadi sekolah dengan mengadopsi teori keseimbangan Heider, perbandingan sosial Festinger dan teoriABX dari Newcomb.
PENDIDIKAN VOKASI KOMUNIKASI PARIWISATA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATAN DAYA SAING MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA)
Authors: Prastowo FX Ari Agung , Budiana Heru Ryanto
Published: November 2020

Era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) melahirkan terbentuknya pasar tunggal ASEAN yangmendorong efisiensi dan daya saing ekonomi kawasan ASEAN. Implikasi terhadap sektor pari-wisata adalah persaingan dan kompetisi bukan hanya melibatkan elemen dalam negeri saja, tetapijuga dengan jasa asing. Indonesia memiliki beragam potensi alam, keanekaragaman flora dan fau-na, peninggalan purbakala, sejarah, seni dan budaya sebagai sumber daya dan modal besar bagidunia kepariwisataan. Besarnya potensi pariwisata tersebut tentu harus diimbangi dengan sumberdaya manusia yang handal salah satunya melalui pendidikan vokasi komunikasi pariwisata. Kema-juan teknologi dan komunikasi serta perkembangan dunia kepariwisataan memperlihatkan adanyaperpaduan antara studi kepariwisataan dengan ilmu komunikasi yang menghasilkan konsep pen-didikan baru yakni Komunikasi Pariwisata (Tourism Communication). Tulisan ini mengkajikomunikasi pariwisata sebagai upaya penguatan kompetensi lulusan pendidikan kepariwisataanmelalui studi literatur, kajian terdahulu, maupun data tentang bagaimana komunikasi dalam pari-wisata dengan harapan mampu membuka wawasan dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas SDM yangberdaya saing dalam era MEA.
PROBLEMATIKA PSIKOLOGIS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA AL- QUR’AN DI SMP NEGERI SE KECAMATAN SLEMAN
Authors: Mukaromah Siti , Khilmiyah Akif , Hamami Tasman
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan peserta didik dalam membaca Al Qur’an,problem psikologis peserta didik yang mengalami kesulitan membaca Al Qur’an, dan upayapendidik dalam mengahadapi problem psikologis tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenispenelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa SMPN di KecamatanSleman yang mengalami kesulitan dalam pembelajaran membaca Al Quran. Data dikumpulkanmelalui observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi. Analisis data mengikuti model Miles danHuberman dibagi dalam tiga tahap, yakni reduksi data, display data, dan verifikasi. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kemampuan peserta didik dalam membaca Al-Quran termasukrendah. Problem psikologis yang dihadapi peserta didik saat pembelajaran membaca Al Quranyaitu: merasa cemas, merasa malas, bosan, merasa tertekan, tidak percaya diri, dan berusahamenghindar ketika disuruh membaca Al Quran. Ketiga, upaya guru dalam menghadapi problempsikologis tersebut berbeda-beda, ada yang membiarkan karena dipandang sebagai sesuatu yangwajar, mengkondisikan peserta didik merasa tenang, memotivasi siswa, mengajak siswa untuksabar, memberikan bimbingan dan bantuan serta mengapresiasi proses belajar yang telah dijalanipeserta didik. Upaya guru dalam menghadapi peserta didik yang menghindari tugas membaca AlQuran adalah dengan tetap meminta peserta didik bersangkutan untuk membaca.
PERBANDINGAN KONSEP PERKEMBANGAN KEPRIBADIAN MANUSIA DALAM PSIKOSOSIAL ANTARA TEORI ERIK H. ERIKSON DAN IBN KHALDUN
Authors: Oli’i Julianto
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan terori perkembangan kepribadian Erik H.Erikson. (2) mendeskripsikan teori perkembangan Kepribadian Ibn Khaldun. (3) mendeskripsikanperbedaan dan persamaan teori Erika H. Erikson dan Ibn Khaldun. (4) mendeskripsikan apakontribusi teori perkembangan kepribadian Erik H. Erikson dan Ibnu Khaldun terhadap PsikologiPendidikan Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Data-datayang diambil dari kepustakaan, berupa data primer dan sekunder, data primer berupa bukukarangan Erik H. Erikson dan Ibn Khaldun dan data sekunder beru pabuku-buku pendukung.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan ada delapan tahap perkembangankepribadian manusia dalam konsep Erikson yaitu: (1) Bayi. (2) Kanak-kanak Awal. (3) UsiaPrasekolah. (4) Usia Sekolah. (5) Remaja. (6) Dewasa Muda. (7) Dewasa. (8) Usia Senja. Berbedadengan Erikson Ibn Khaldun beranggapan bahwa Manusia terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu jasmanidan spiritual, masing-masing dilengkapi dengan potensi-potensi lewat indera-indera. Indera-inderaini disebut dengan indera dalam (Internal sense) dan indera luar (external sense). Pertama,Inderadalam (internal Sense) terdiridari: (1) Common sense (al-hiss almusytharak). (2) Imajinasi(al-khayali.(c) Mengira-ngira (al-hiss al-wahmi). (d) Menghafal (al-Hifdz). (e) Pemikiran (al-mufakkirah). Kedua, Inderaluar (external sense) terdiri dari: (1) Penglihatan. (2) Pendengaran. (3)Pengecap. (4) Peraba. (5) Pembau. Di samping kelima komponen indera luar terdapat indera-indera lainnya seperti. (1) Kinasesthesis. (2) Indera keseimbangan. Kedua konsep yangdikemukakan oleh Erik H. Erikson dan Ibn khaldun secara keseluruhan bahwa keduaanyamenunjukan titik utama dari pembentukan kepribadian manusial adalah, agama, budaya, dan sosialmasyarakat yang menjadi faktor utama yang mendominasi perkermbangan kepribadian manusiaitu sendiri, organisasi masyarakat menjadi suatu keharusan bagi manusia. Tanpa organisasi itueksistensi manusia tidak akan sempurna.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN JAMBORE BUDAYA BETAWI TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIKAP PESERTA JAMBORE PEMUDA DAERAH (JPD) PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Wahyudin Delmia , Woelan Roro Retno
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan Jambore Pemuda Daerah (JPD) Provinsi DKI Jakarta 2017 ialah salah satu bentukkeprihatinan Pemerintah khususnya bidang Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Provinsi DKI Jakartauntuk melestarikan budaya Betawi, JPD DKI Jakarta juga dijadikan sebagai kampanye budayadaerah Betawi kepada generasi muda. Pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 424 peserta mengikuti kegiatanJPD DKI Jakarta 2017 yang dilatih kemahiran dalam berlenong, bernyanyi lagu-lagu Betawisampai dengan bernari tarian asli Betawi salah satunya tari bibir merah dan siri kuning.Sehingga di dalam pelaksanakannya mempengaruhi komponen perubahan sikap (attitude change)menurut Alo Liliweri (2011: 166) terdapat tiga aspek; kognitif (pengetahuan, kesadaran,kepercayaan), afektif (kesukaan, simpati, penghargaan, dukungan), dan konatif (komitmen untukbertindak), melalui kampanye budaya ini diharapkan terjadi perubahan sikap terbentuk sikap dankesadaran serta persepsi positif terhadap seni budaya Betawi. Hasil penelitian data deskriptif diperolehskor sub variabel Identifikasi sebesar 69,7%, Legitimasi sebesar 77,2%, Partisipasi sebesar 80,7%, Penetrasi 61,1%,Dtribusi sebesar 76`%. Kognitif sebesar 69,6%, Afektif sebesar 68,2%, dan Konatif sebesar 52,7%. Berdasarkan ujiregresi ditemukan bahwa kegiatan Jambore budaya Betawi mempengaruhi perubahan sikap sebesar 0,730.Berdasarkan uji hipotesis (uji t) kegiatan Jambore budaya Betawi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahansikap, dan berdasarkan nilai koefisien determinasi ditemukan bahwa kegiatan Jambore budaya Betawi mempengaruhiperubahan sikap sebesar 43,3%.
How are Indigenous Communities Being Affected by Deforestation and Degradation in Northern Argentina?
Authors: Vallejos María , Álvarez Ana L. , Paruelo José M.
Published: November 2020

Agricultural expansion is altering the provision of ecosystem services and seriously affecting the well-being of the indigenous communities still living in forests. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of forest loss and degradation on the indigenous forest dependent communities of Eastern Salta, Argentina, between 2001 and 2015. First, we identified the demand area of ten final ecosystem services for 202 indigenous communities using participatory mapping data. Second, we calculated the remaining usage area using a deforestation geodatabase based on Landsat images. Third, we analyzed the significance of trends in forest productivity processing vegetation spectral indices from MODIS products. By last, we detected changes in the growing season length by evaluating monthly trends in spectral indices. Our results show a reduction of 21% in the area used by indigenous communities for capturing final ecosystem services, and significant negative trends in forest productivity for the demand area of 64% of the communities, indicating that the area of use is not only being reduced, but also remnant forest area is being degraded and the growing season is being shortened. These aspects indicate an important loss in the provision of ecosystem services that deeply affects the wellbeing of indigenous communities.
Prevalence of Nutrition- Impact Symptoms at Different Disease Stages among Paediatric Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Nyaboke Okemwa Julian
Published: November 2020

Malnutrition incidence among patients with cancer ranges from 30% - 80% globally.  Cancer is a major cause of death in Kenya after cardiovascular and infectious diseases. This research assessed the relationship between nutritional status and quality of life (QoL) of the 52 paediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) Eldoret, Kenya. A cross-sectional analytical design was applied and the researcher administered a questionnaire and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) instruments were used for data collection. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyse the data descriptively. The findings revealed that nutrition impact symptoms were more pronounced in the second and third stages of cancer where most of the respondents experienced vomiting (94.3%),  decreased appetite (80.8%), and diarrhoea (69.23%). The use of the Nutrition Impact Symptom (NIS) checklist in the paediatric oncology clinic/ward triggers more therapeutic interventions. The awareness for NIS will likely evoke more research in assessment, impact, and treatment.
Fundamental Law pillars of sustainable agriculture
Authors: Hegyes Péter , Varga Csaba
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the paper is to introduce the legal practices of the Constitutional Court in connection with the ‘sustainability clause’ of the Fundamental Law in relation to natural resources. Subsection (1) of Article P) of the Fundamental Law is in the centre of the research, according to which: „Natural resources, in particular arable land, forests and the reserves of water, biodiversity, in particular native plant and animal species, as well as cultural assets shall corm the common heritage of the nation; it shall be the obligation of the State and everyone to protect and maintain them, and to preserve them for future generations.”
Legal frame for the succession/transfer of agricultural property between the generations and the acquisition of agricultural property by legal persons – in Poland
Authors: Kubaj Artur
Published: November 2020

The article presents the most important rules concerning the transfer and inheritance of agricultural real estate in Poland, as well as the rules for the acquisition of such real estate by legal persons. In the part concerning the transfer of agricultural property, the methods and principles of acquisition agricultural property (including inheritance) by young farmers are indicated. In particular, the author focused on showing the facilities that favor the generational change in Poland. In the section on the acquisition of agricultural real estate by legal entities, the reader can find information about the conditions for such acquisition by entities from outside Poland. In particular, restrictions have been indicated, and the procedure for acquisition real estate has also been discussed.
Particular Rules on the Transfer of the Holding Farm in Spanish Law
Authors: Muñiz Espada Esther
Published: November 2020

This article aims to provide a brief summary of Spanish law on the transfer of holding farms. After a general introduction, the author analyses the rules on leases and transfers. Subsequently, land access issues are discussed, particularly for young farmers and women. The author also addresses taxation on the transfer of agricultural land and mentions specific contract law provisions. The rules on mortis causa and inter-vivos access are discussed separately.
Die Rechtslage des Grundbesitzes im Spiegel der Lehre von der Heiligen Krone
Authors: Gedeon Magdolna
Published: November 2020

In relation to the Doctrine of the Holy Crown there are two opposing views. In one of the opinions the state power and the lands belonged to the Holy Crown, and for this reason the decisions about the lands had to be made by the ruler and the orders together. In the other opinion the state power and the lands belonged to the ruler, and for this reason the relation between the king and the person who was donated with a land was a private legal connection. Although the mineral resources originally belonged to the Holy Crown, in the course of time the Habsburg rulers achieved that they could dispose alone, without the consent of the orders, over the mine revenues. In this way, by the 18th century, the relation between the king and the mining contractors became a private legal connection. Comparing the rules of the Bergregal and the rules related to the lands we can conclude that the lands belonged to the Holy Crown, and not to the ruler.
Under the Banner Dakwah: the Radical Potential among Muslim Students in Riau
Authors: Hitami Munzir , Bakar Abu , Rosidi Imron , Hanafi Imam
Published: November 2020

This study is based on the presence of spirit (ghirah) to return to Islamic teachings among Muslim students in Riau after the 212. This study shows that: First, the ulama who has the same understanding with students is Habbib Rizieq Shihab. Second, the idea about Khilafah Islamiyah and the implementation of syari’ah or Islamis law is still dominant. Third, there is an idea that killing is a part of jihad. Fourth, the consciousness about differences is still low. Based on this finding, the radical potential which is high among students is basically disquieting. Furthermore, the basis of this understanding is affected by the dakwah concept of some extra campus organizations and their ideological organization.
The Authority of Teacher in Madrasah Based of Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Rohmad Muhammad Ali
Published: November 2020

Teachers are obliged to possess authority to increase pedagogical interaction effectivity. However, there has been a shift in the meaning of authority so that an in-depth study is carried out on the dimensions of teacher authority, factors that influence the teacher authority, and the dynamics of teacher authority in Madrasah based of Islamic boarding school (pesantren). This research is a qualitative research by using interview, observation and documentation methods to collect the data. The data analysis includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show: 1) Authority is defined as strength to be admired accompanied by respect so as to bring obedience. The dimensions of teacher authority include spiritual, cognitive, affective, skills, social and physical: 2) There are at least 3 (three) factors that can increase the teacher authority, namely assertiveness, responsibility and patience; 3) The teachers authority from inside the pesantren (ndalem) is in the form of traditional authority, while teachers from outside the pesantren must strive to gain authority in the form of charismatic authority or even legal rational authority.
Using artificial intelligence to improve pipe condition assessment
Authors: Bechet Quentin , Philoleau Xavier , Mellado-Ruiz Melissa , Siqueira Amanda , Aguilar Michelle
Published: November 2020

Inspection and condition assessments of network infrastructure are critical for water utilities and city councils to ensure the structural integrity and functionality of sewer pipes and stormwater drains. These assessments are necessary to identify the pipes requiring rehabilitation before they deteriorate past the point of renewal. In practice, these assessments are performed manually through camera inspection of the pipes. However, the visual observation of the resulting footage can be biased by the operator subjectivity. VAPAR.Solutions is a cloud platform that automates condition assessment directly from a pipe’s CCTV footage. In this context, VAPAR, an Australian-based company, developed a deep-learning algorithm to code inspection videos automatically and consistently. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of this auto-coding algorithm by using a dataset of 203 inspection videos captured in stormwater and sewer pipes in Victoria, Australia. This study revealed that the VAPAR algorithm missed fewer defects in sewer and stormwater pipes (13.2%) than the operator during visual inspection (36.6%). The VAPAR algorithm was, however, ‘over-sensitive’ and generated 28.1% of false alarms, against 7.8% for the operator. This study also revealed that the VAPAR algorithm was significantly more accurate than the operator at grading the pipes, with an accuracy between 76.3-79.8% against 48.5-52.2% for the operator.
Vivir sin hogar en las calles bogotanas
Authors: López-Traslaviña Kevin Yesid , Sánchez-Saiz Edwin Esteban , Cleves-Martínez Luis Deiby , Guevara-Fonseca Andrés Felipe , Mejía-Gallego Cristian David
Published: November 2020

Bogotá alberga alrededor de 9538 personas sin hogar en sus espacios públicos, según el más reciente censo de habitantes de calle. Son estas personas expuestas a todo tipo de violencia y exclusión quienes conforman un grupo altamente vulnerable, en un contexto en el que sus derechos no son reconocidos por el Estado, los grandes medios de comunicación y algunos sectores sociales que los observan con desprecio y prejuicio. En tal sentido, el texto presenta un resumen de la revisión documental que alimenta un proyecto que desarrolla el semillero Miedos Ocultos en la actualidad sobre esta problemática. Este semillero del programa de Tecnología en Comunicación Gráfica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, adelanta actividades de investigación formativa cuyo foco de interés es el área de influencia institucional de la universidad en el sur de Bogotá. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la exploración de miradas alternativas frente a un problema persistente como el de las personas que viven en las calles, se establece que la academia, desde la comunicación gráfica en este caso, está llamada a servir desde una perspectiva solidaria e incluyente, que contribuya a eliminar los estigmas y prejuicios que sufre esta población, a través de narrativas innovadoras en el contexto de la realización documental. Así las cosas, se presentan aquí los avances más relevantes de ese proyecto audiovisual, el cual se encuentra en etapa de preproducción.
Prácticas reflexivas: constantes y variables de un ejercicio cambiante. Aportes desde la Licenciatura en Español y Lenguas Extranjeras - Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá
Authors: Arciniegas-Muñoz Jessica Carolina , Martínez-Rojas Ana María , Salgado-Otálora Paula Andrea , Ochoa-Martínez Cristián Andrés , Martínez-Mendoza Karen Esther , Velásquez-Aponte Daysi , Moreno-Fernández Patricia Judith
Published: November 2020

Este artículo da cuenta de los primeros resultados de la investigación «Aportes a las prácticas reflexivas de la Licenciatura en Español y Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad de La Salle». Se parte de la escasa evidencia de la reflexión en las prácticas pedagógicas como un problema y acorde con ello se busca responder a la pregunta: ¿cuáles son los aportes de la práctica pedagógica reflexiva a la formación docente en la Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés de la Universidad de La Salle en Bogotá? Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la práctica reflexiva en la formación docente inicial, se considera urgente reconocer las rutas y los modos de reflexionar en el programa, mediante una investigación descriptiva. Para esto se observó a cinco docentes en su ejercicio pedagógico y tras el microanálisis cualitativo se presentan los denominados modos de reflexión, que se convierten en las constantes de las prácticas reflexivas y sus dimensiones tanto humanas como físicas, y que constituyen las variables de la reflexión, dado que se ajustan según las necesidades, los intereses, las expectativas y los problemas de cada espacio académico y el contexto en el que se realiza la práctica. Las grandes aportaciones de la práctica reflexiva se evidencian en el reconocimiento y la sistematicidad de las situaciones que los practicantes detectan, gracias a las orientaciones que los maestros tutores brindan desde las sesiones preparatorias, por eso se reconoce el contexto escolar como un elemento indispensable al considerar las demás dimensiones en la práctica reflexiva.
Why size matters - the transport of expelled saliva droplets carrying SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Calles Alipio , Morán-López Jose
Published: November 2020

There is evidence that one of the most likely routes of transmission of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) is through the saliva droplets, that are produced while speaking, coughing or sneezing by infected people. The expelled droplets can measure between 0.4$ and 450 μm. Once the droplets are in the air, they are subject to the gravitational, and air frictional forces. Assuming a calm environment, i.e, no air currents, we solve numerically, to a very high accuracy, the coupled differential equations of motion, in two dimensions. We calculated, the residence time and the horizontal range, among other quantities, as a function of drop size and initial velocity, for particles expelled by a person at a height of 1.6 m. In the aerosol regime, i.e. sizes between 0.4$ and 5 μm, the drag forces quickly stop the droplets in their horizontal movement and they fall extremely slowly, almost vertically, pulled down by the gravitational force. The residence time is, in that size, 3.83 days to 33.3 minutes. The droplets with a diameter of 100 μm, can take 3.28 s, to reach the ground at a horizontal distance of 57 cm. Finally, the most massive droplets, with sizes of 450 μm$, may take only 0.67 s and fall 3.67 m away from the source.
By modeling the production of the number of saliva droplets with log-log Gaussian distributions in the size range 0.4 - 450 μm, the amount of virions expelled into the environment is estimated. Since those droplets remain suspended for a very long time, they can be carried very easily by air currents. Since recent studies show that the use of face masks reduce drastically the amount of droplets emitted to the air by an infected person and inhaled by a healthy one, we emphasize the great importance of using adequate face protection to minimize COVID-19, transmission.
Resiliency as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Aggressiveness and School Achievement – Differences Related to Gender and Levels of Physical Activity
Authors: Jochimek Magdalena , Łada-Maśko Ariadna , Lipowski Mariusz
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTaking part in physical activity has a major positive influence on the development of adolescents. Research shows that physical activity has an impact on cognitive and behavioral functioning. Aggressiveness is a factor negatively correlated with school achievement and resiliency is a protective factor for coping with stressful situations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediation effect of resiliency as a dispositional protective factor in the relationship between aggressiveness and school achievement in the context of gender and levels of physical activity. MethodsThe research was carried out on N = 787 adolescents (Mage = 15.95; SD = .29) from the Pomeranian region in Poland. The participants were divided into three subgroups: 1) a non-active group, n = 130 (90 girls); 2) a Physical Education (PE) group, n = 490 (303 girls); and 3) an athlete group, n = 130 (65 girls). The following research tools were used in the study: a socio-demographic survey; a questionnaire about average grades at the end of the school year; the Adolescent Aggressiveness Questionnaire – Emotional Reactivity; and the Resiliency Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents to evaluate resiliency levels. ResultsAnalyzing the average school grades, resiliency, as well as levels of aggressiveness and its components revealed statistically significant differences in terms of gender and physical activity. Furthermore, the effects of general aggressiveness level and all its components on average school grade, mediated by resiliency, proved insignificant for boys in all three research groups and for girls in the athlete group. However, the analysis showed a mediation effect of resiliency in relation to emotional irritability and average school grade in the group of non-active girls. The mediation analysis revealed significant mediation effects for emotional irritability, opposition, and verbal aggression, as well as for general aggressiveness levels in the group of PE girls. ConclusionsResiliency is a protective factor in the relation between aggressiveness and school achievement, especially in the female PE group. The mechanisms governing boys’ functioning seem different and require further research. Compulsory physical education classes may help build resources that facilitate learning.
Between Two Models: Exploring Exchange and Direct Procurement Strategies for Natufian Food Processing Tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
Authors: Rosenberg Danny , Gluhak Tatjana , Kaufman Daniel , Yeshurun Reuven , Weinstein-Evron Mina
Published: November 2020

We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations whence basalt raw materials derive are provided. The results indicate that the Natufian hunter-gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. For EWT, this area is located at a considerable distance of ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufian basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufian territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know-how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community.
Peripheral Levels of EPCs, T Cells, and Macrophages’ as Possible Predictive Biomarkers of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Salybekov Amankeldi , Sakai Katsuaki , Natsumeda Makoto , Vorateera Kosit , Kobayashi Shuzo , Ikari Yuji , Asahara Takayuki
Published: November 2020

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with a very relevant global disease burden, remains the major mortality and morbidity cause among all cardiovascular diseases. Patient prognosis is strictly dependent on early diagnosis and the adoption of adequate interventions. AMI diagnosis requires constant optimization, particularly considering the individuals at higher risk (or more vulnerable to worse outcomes) such as patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Herein, we investigated the levels of peripheral blood EPCs and immune cell-subsets from myeloid and lymphoid lineages, as well as their temporal dynamics, in the quest for new prognostic biomarkers of AMI. We collected blood from 18 hospitalized patients (days 3 and 7 after AMI onset) and 16 healthy volunteers, and resolved their circulating PBMC populations via flow cytometry. Overall, our data demonstrate a significant decrease in peripheral EPCs and CD8+ T cells, three days following an AMI. EPCs appear to be functionally impaired in AMI patients, and their circulating numbers associate with cardiac vessel lesions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells (and even M1-macrophages) in the periphery, in combination with the classical laboratory determinations, may serve as high accuracy biomarkers of AMI, potentially aiding to prevent worse AMI outcomes.
Prognostic Impact of a Lymphocyte Activation-Associated Gene Signature in GBM based on Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Lan Yujia , Zhao Erjie , Zhang Xinxin , Zhu Xiaojing , Wan Linyun , A Suru , Wang Yihan , Ping Yanyan
Published: November 2020

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary central nervous system malignant tumor that has poor prognosis. Lymphocyte activation played important roles in cancer and therapy. Objective To identify an efficient lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature that could predict the progression and prognosis of GBM. Methods We used univariate Cox proportional hazards regression and stepwise regression algorithm to develop a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in the training data set (TCGA, n = 525). Then, the signature was validated in two data sets, including GSE16011 (n = 150) and GSE13041 (n = 191) by the Kaplan Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to adjust for clinicopathological factors. Results In the training data set, we identified a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature (TCF3, IGFBP2, TYRO3 and NOD2), which classified the patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival (median survival 15.33 months vs 12.57 months, HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.28-1.87, logrank test P < 0.001). In the other two data sets, this signature showed similar prognostic values. Further, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models analysis indicated that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients.Moreover, we found that there were differences in lymphocyte activity between the high- and low-risk groups of GBM patients among all data sets. Furthermore, by longitudinal analysis, the lymphocyte activationassociated gene signature could significantly predict the survival of patients with some features, such as IDH-wildtype patients and patients with radiotherapy. In addition, the signature could improve prognostic power of age. Conclusions In summary, our results suggested that the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature is a promising factor for the survival of patients, which may be helpful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GBM patients.
Towards Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV in Rwanda: A Nested Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Transmission
Authors: Remera Eric , Mugwaneza Placidie , Chammartin Frederique , Mulindabigwi Augustin , Musengimana Gentille , Forrest Jamie , Mwanyumba Fabian , Kondwani Ng’oma , Condo Jeanine , Riedel David , Mills Edward , Nsanzimana Sabin , Bucher Heiner
Published: November 2020

Background: Mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) has substantially declined since the scale-up of prevention programs around that world, including Rwanda. To achieve full elimination of MTCT, it is important to understand the risk factors associated with residual HIV transmission, defined as MTCT at the population-level that still occur despite universal access to PMTCT+; .Methods: We performed a case control study of children born from mothers with HIV with known vital status at 18 months from birth who were followed in three national cohorts between October and December 2013, 2014, and 2015 in Rwanda. Children with HIV were matched in a ratio of 1:2 with HIV-uninfected children and a conditional logistic regression model was used to investigate risk factors for MTCT.Results: In total, 84 children with HIV were identified and matched with 164 non-infected children. The median age of mothers from both groups was 29 years (interquartile range (IQR): 24-33). Of these mothers, 126 (51.4%) initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) before their pregnancy on record. In a multivariable regression analysis, initiation of ART in the third trimester (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 7.71; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 2.19-27.10) and during labor or post-partum (aOR: 9.42; 95% CI: 3.15-28.19), compared to initiation of ART before pregnancy increased the risk of MTCT. Similarly, offspring of single mothers (aOR: 4.81; 95% CI: 1.60-14.46), and absence of postpartum neonatal ART prophylaxis (aOR: 5.64; 95% CI: 1.81-17.53) were factors significantly associated with MTCT.Conclusion: Late presentation for antenatal care and lack of postpartum infant prophylaxis are still the most important risk factors to explain MTCT in the era of universal access. Improved early attendance at antenatal care, early ART initiation, and enhancing the continuum of care especially for single mothers is crucial for MTCT elimination in Rwanda.
Importance of Gross Type in Patients With T2 Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Shin In Sik , Choi Ji Woon , Kim Deok Gie , Cha Sung Whan , Kim Sung Hoon , Cho Mee-Yon
Published: November 2020

The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) guidelines categorize T2 gallbladder cancer (GBCA) according to pathologic tumor location; peritoneal- and hepatic-side tumors are categorized as T2a and T2b, respectively. We hypothesized that the gross type of GBCA is more important and aimed to investigate their importance in the T2 stage GBCA. Eighty-six patients with GBCA underwent operation from February 2008 to December 2017. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 30 patients with pathologically confirmed T2-stage GBCA. There were 8 peritoneal-side and 22 hepatic-side GBCAs. Regarding gross types, 21 and 9 patients had infiltrative- and exophytic-type tumors. Mean disease-free survival (DFS) of T2a and T2b was 38 vs 36 months (p=0.48), respectively, and overall survival (OS) was 50 vs 52 months (p=0.312), respectively. However, patients with infiltrative-type tumors showed significantly worse DFS of 24 months (vs 67 months; p=0.003) and relative different OS of 48 months (vs 67 months; p=0.092). The gross type and lymph node metastasis were the only significant prognostic factor for DFS and OS, respectively. The gross types of T2 gallbladder cancer may be more important prognostic factor than tumor location.
Rooted Tree Optimization for Backstepping Power Control of DFIG Wind Turbine: dSPACE Implementation
Authors: BOSSOUFI Badre , KARIM Mohammed , Taoussi Mohammed , Aroussi Hala Alami , Deblecker Olivier , Motahhir Saad , Nayyar Anand , Masud Mehedi , Boderbala Manale
Published: November 2020

This work is devoted to a new contribution to the field of optimization and control of a wind energy conversion system (WECS). A Rooted Tree Optimisation (RTO) will be applied to the non-linear adaptive Backstepping technique to improve its robustness and performance. The non-linear Backstepping control was carried out to control the powers of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to the electrical network by two converters (network side and machine side). Initially, a review of the wind power system was presented. Then, an exhaustive explanation of the Backstepping technique based on the Lyapunov stability and the optimization method was reported. Subsequently, a validation on the Matlab & Simulink environment was carried out to test the performance and robustness of the proposed model. The last part of this work was dedicated to the experiment of the Backstepping adaptive algorithm on a test bench using the dSPACE-DS1104 card, to prove the performance of the system. The results obtained of this work either by follow-up or robustness tests or by experimental validation show a great improvement in terms of performance compared to other control techniques.
Factors Affecting Family Planning Literacy: Perspectives of Women of Childbearing Age in Rural Lake Zone, Tanzania
Authors: Kassim Mohamed , Ndumbaro Faraja
Published: November 2020

Background Low uptake of various recommended modern family planning methods is associated with inadequate family planning literacy among potential beneficiaries of the methods. As such, understanding the factors affecting family planning literacy is key to addressing this problem. This study, therefore, explored factors affecting family planning literacy of women of childbearing age in the rural Lake Zone of Tanzania.Methods The study utilized an exploratory descriptive qualitative research approach using focus group discussions to collect data. A total of eight focus group discussion sessions were held to solicit information from women of childbearing age involved in the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected from the respondents.Results Inadequate family planning literacy has been found among women of childbearing age in the studied communities. Socio-demographic factors such as education level, religious affiliation, and family income have been found to negatively affect the family planning literacy of the women in this study. Other factors such as fertility preference, negative perceptions about family planning, preference of unproven traditional family planning methods, limited access to reliable sources of information, household responsibilities, and poor male partner support were also found to affect women’s family planning literacy. Conclusion Inadequate family planning literacy among women of childbearing age reduces the women’s chances of obtaining relevant family planning information as well as limiting their abilities to process and understand the information so as to be able to make informed decisions about their reproductive health. Therefore, addressing factors affecting family planning literacy of the women is imperative in increasing their overall uptake of various recommended modern family planning methods.
Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, an Experience From Qatar
Authors: Madani Ammar , Omar Nabil , Ghazouani Hafedh , Jacob Cicy , Kanbour Aladdin , Akram Aleem , Yassin Mohamed , Elmalik Hind
Published: November 2020

Background: Nonepithelial Ovarian cancers constitute about 10 % of all ovarian cancers. They are divided into Sex-cord stromal tumours (SCST) and Germ cell tumours (GCT). The Aim is to report the experience at National Centre for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) in Qatar. Method: This is a retrospective study reviewing records of all patients over 7 years who presented with a histopathologically diagnosed ovarian SCST and GCT at NCCCR between January 2010 and December 2016. Results: 25 women with Non-Epithelial Ovarian Tumours were identified. 13 women were diagnosed with Ovarian SCST. Median age at presentation was 43 years (Range 16-58). 12 patients had stage I and one patient had Stage III. Four patients had recurrence. The 5 years Overall Survival (OS) was 100% and the 5 years Event Free Survival (EFS) was 69% with P value of 0.02. GCT was diagnosed in 12 women. The median age at presentation was 24 years. (Range 16 – 44). Seven patients (59 %) had teratoma, four patients (33 %) had Dysgerminoma and one patient had Yolk sac tumour (8 %). There was one recurrence. 5 years OS was 100 % and 5 years EFS was 83 % with P value of 0.14. Conclusions: Non-Epithelial ovarian tumours are diagnosed relatively at an early stage and have very good prognosis even if they recur. Survival in our study was excellent with all patients alive and disease free at last follow up. For ovarian SCST, we recommend Complete Surgery (TAH + BSO) particularly if high grade, Stage IC and above or completed childbearing to minimize recurrence. Fertility sparing surgery is appropriate for all patients with Stage I Ovarian GCT and most of the patients with Stage II disease who desire fertility preservation.
Burden of Skin Diseases in Thailand: Analysis of Prevalence and DALYs Using Real-world Healthcare Service Data
Authors: Chamnan Parinya , Prasitpuriprecha Nutchada , Santaweesuk Sumonman , Boonkert Prasit
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.