bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yaşam Doyumunun Yordayıcısı Olarak Mesleki Sonuç Beklentisi
Authors: YILMAZ İşıl , DÜNDAR Ahmet , ATLİ Abdullah
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin okul bittikten sonra meslek edinmelerine ilişkin inançlarını, mesleklerinin kendilerine uygunluğu ile ilgili beklentilerini içeren mesleki sonuç beklentilerinin yaşam doyumu üzerindeki yordama gücünü belirlemektir.Yöntem: Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında İnönü Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören olan 473 (272 kız; 201 erkek) öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada, veri toplama araçları olarak “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği”, “Mesleki Sonuç Beklentileri Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Kişisel bilgi formunda yer alan verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler (aritmetik ortalama, yüzde), mesleki sonuç beklentisi ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda Spor Bilimlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin okudukları bölümü kendilerine uygun görme ve memnuniyet düzeylerine ilişkin algılarının daha yüksek olduğu, Tıp Fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin ise iş bulma olasılıklarını diğer fakülte öğrencilerine göre daha yüksek algıladıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmanın diğer bir bulgusu da mesleki sonuç beklentisinin üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumlarının %29’unu açıklamasıdır. Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumlarının temel belirleyicilerinden birinin mesleki sonuç beklentisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durum bize üniversite öğrencilerinin en temel beklentilerinin eğitimlerini tamamladıktan sonra eğitimlerine uygun alanlarda iş bulma ve bu işte yeteneklerini kullanmaya dair beklentileridir. Bu nedenle özellikle üniversitelerde kariyer merkezlerinin kurularak öğrencilerin eğitimlerini tamamladıktan sonra neler yapabileceklerine dair uzmanlar tarafından yönlendirmeler yapılmalıdır.
KOMUNITAS BURUNG PADA RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI KOTA PALU PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Vikar Abdul , Kartono Agus Priyono , Mulyani Yeni A.
Published: April 2020

Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) dapat berfungsi sebagai habitat bagi komunitas burung di perkotaan. Bentuk atau tipe RTH bervariasi sehingga diduga terdapat perbedaan komunits burung yang memanfaatkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komposisi komunitas burung dan menghitung indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung di lima RTH di Kota Palu. Penelitian dilakukan di RTH Hutan Kota, Taman hutan raya (Tahura), dan Taman Kota (Palu Barat, Palu Selatan dan Palu Timur). Pengumpulan data jenis burung dilakukan menggunakan metode titik hitung dengan radius 25 m dan jarak antar titik hitung 100 m. Lama waktu pengamatan pada setiap titik hitung adalah 10 menit. Kondisi vegetasi pada setiap RTH diamati menggunakan metode jalur berpetak. Jumlah jenis burung yang berhasil dijumpai dari seluruh RTH yang diamati adalah sebanyak 58 jenis dari 31 famili, terdiri atas 44 jenis burung penetap dan 4 jenis burung migran. Di antara 58 jenis tersebut terdapat 10 jenis burung yang merupakan jenis endemik Sulawesi dan Walacea. Columbidae merupakan famili yang mendominansi RTH dengan anggota terbanyak yakni sebanyak sembilan jenis (15,5%), diikuti famili Ardeidae dan Cuculidae masing-masing sebanyak empat jenis (6,9%). Sebanyak empat jenis burung termasuk dalam kategori dilindungi berdasarkan PP No. 7 Tahun 1999 dan tercantum dalam Lampiran Permen LHK Nomor 106 Tahun 2018, yakni: Haliastur indus, Milvus migrans, Ardea sumatrana, dan Loriculus stigmatus. Di seluruh RTH yang diamati tidak ditemukan jenis-jenis burung yang terancam punah menurut IUCN, namun terdapat dua jenis burung yang tercantum dalam Appendix II CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), yakni Haliastur indus dan Milvus migrans. Indeks keanekaragaman (H') burung tertinggi dijumpai di Tahura Sulawesi Tengah dengan nilai H'= 2,6 sedangkan terendah di Taman Kota Palu Selatan dengan nilai H' = 1,97.

 

Kata kunci: indeks keanekaragaman, komunitas burung, ruang terbuka hijau
EVALUASI KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG DAN KINERJA PENGELOLAAN WISATA ALAM PERKEMAHAN GUNUNG BUNDER TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK JAWA BARAT
Authors: Safira T. Maya , Basuni Sambas , Kosmaryandi Nandi
Published: April 2020

Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) merupakan salah satu Taman Nasional yang menawarkan objek wisata alam, salah satu yang digemari pengunjung adalah Wisata Bumi Perkemahan Gunung Bunder. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan berbasis kegiatan wisata sebagai dasar pengembangan dan perbaikan bagi penyedia/pengelola wisata perkemahan melalui indikator kepuasan yang diharapkan oleh pengunjung. Penelitian dilakukan pada September-Oktober 2018 dan Juli-Agustus 2019 menggunakan skala Likert untuk mengungkap persepsi pengunjung dengan menilai 47 indikator wisata alam sehingga didapatkan indikator potensial dan indikator yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode CSI untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengunjung, kemudian menggunakan metode IPA untuk memetakan hubungan antara kepentingan dengan kinerja dari masing-masing indikator. Pada analisis IPA dalam diagram kartesius menunjukkan tujuh indikator kinerja rendah yang menjadi prioritas utama yang harus dikelola, maka indikator pada kuadran ini harus ditingkatkan lagi kinerjanya dengan indikator ketersediaan media informasi, ketersediaan MCK pria dan wanita, ketersediaan tempat sampah, ketersediaan tempat sampah organik dan non-organik, pendistribusian karcis kepada pengunjung, kecepatan tanggap petugas kebersihan, dan harga tiket sesuai dengan ketentuan. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah pengelolaan bumi perkemahan Gunung Bunder dapat mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan dan ketentuan standar yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan wisata alam perkemahan.

 

Kata kunci: evaluasi, kinerja, kepuasan, pengunjung
PENGARUH REFUGIA TERHADAP INTENSITAS DAN POPULASI HAMA PENGGEREK DAUN (Spodoptera litura Hbn) PADA CABAI KERITING (Capsicum annum L)
Authors: Haryanto Heri
Published: April 2020

This research aims to know the effect of refugia on the intensity and population of leaf borer pests (Spodoptera litura Hbn) on chili (Capsicum annum L.) the method used the experimentalmethod that conduct experiment in the field. This research was conducted in Desember 2018 until March 2019. The design used in this research was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments, nomely, control, Sunflower, Marigold and Zinnia treatment repeated 3 times to obtain 60 plant samples in 12 experimental units. Observation data were analyzed by analysis of variance and test further with a Honestly Significant Difference tests at a real level of 5%. The results showed that the cause of leaf damage in the chili plant (Capsicum annum L.) was caused by the Spodoptera litura Hbn pests in each treatment. The highests percentage of domage is (4,803%) found in R0 (Control), while the lowest average persentage is (2,16%) found in R2 (Marigold) treatment. The result of the correlation regression analysis showed that intensity of the attacks caused by Spodoptera litura Hbn was 63,3 % by population of pests and 27,7% was caused by other factors.
Plant‐based Food Products for Antimycobacterial Therapy
Authors: Sieniawska Elwira , Maciejewska‐Turska Magdalena , Świątek Łukasz , Xiao Jianbo
Published: April 2020

Traditional medicine which is based on the observations of the patient’s condition after administration of herbal remedies describes a vast number of plant species with potential application in Tuberculosis (TB) treatment. However, only a small number of plant derived secondary metabolites were shown to influence Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in mico‐ or nanomolar concentrations. Nevertheless, plant‐based food products were proven to be useful in tuberculosis treatment, including eradication of Mtb, boosting natural immunity, managing disease symptoms and side effects of tuberculostatic drugs, as well as providing proper nutrition and diet supplementation. This review describes natural products, with a focus on plant‐based food products, useful in antimycobacterial therapy. It summarizes the antituberculous potential of ethnopharmacologically selected medicinal plants, herbs, spices and fruits. Moreover, the use of plant‐based food products as supportive treatment of TB therapy is discussed. Proper diet supplementation in tuberculosis treatment is also considered.
Abdominal stretching to reduce premenstrual syndrome: a case series
Authors: Rohmah Yuni Khoiriyatul Mujtahidah , Mukhoirotin Mukhoirotin
Published: April 2020

Background: cases of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among teenagers living in Hurun Inn Boarding School at the Pondok Pesantren Darul 'Ulum Jombang are quite a lot. In the 60 teenagers get surveyed, there were 22 (36.67%) people who experienced PMS. It means the problems need acute treatment to overcome.Case presentation: This case study reports the effectiveness of giving abdominal stretching to ten teenagers who have PMS at the boarding school. The results showed a decrease in the PMS scale from a severed level (70%) to a medium-scale (60%) in the first cycle of menstruation and a mild level (60%) in the second cycle.Conclusion: Abdominal stretching can reduce PMS symptoms.
Quality of life of the elderly: a comparison between community-dwelling elderly and in social welfare institutions
Authors: Kiik Stefanus Mendes , Nuwa Muhammad Saleh
Published: April 2020

Background: Quality of life (QoL) among the elderly is a neglected issue, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. The QoL of the elderly is dependent on four domains. Living arrangements play an important role in determining QoL.Objective: The present study aimed to compare the differences in QoL among community-dwelling elderly and in social welfare institutions.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were sampled from two settings: social welfare institutions and the community. The study subjects in each area were selected using a simple random technique. The total sample were 163 respondents. QoL was assessed through the WHOQOL-Bref. Data analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney U Test.Results: There were significant differences depending on the residence of the elderly: the average QoL in a community is higher (84.16) than in social welfare institutions (63.95), and p-value < 0.001.Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that community-dwelling elderly have higher QoL compared to residents of social welfare institutions.
The invisible killer
Authors: Santosa Agus
Published: April 2020

Viruses have been around for billions of years ago. They are everywhere, with varieties of shapes and sizes. They are microparasites with the ability to evolve and mutate. Some viruses can be so malignant and cause an outbreak that kills hundreds, and even millions, of people. What the world recently faces is one of those malignant viruses.
Os limites da governança global: a governamentalidade como alternativa analítica
Authors: Veloso Vitor Furtado Jerônimo
Published: April 2020

No presente artigo, busco demonstrar as possíveis contribuições que o conceito de “governamentalidade” pode trazer para a área de Relações Internacionais, especificamente, na discussão sobre governança. Para tanto, faço um mapeamento da utilização do conceito de governança global na área, suas diferentes utilizações, e como ele se insere na literatura. Posteriormente, traço algumas críticas ao termo, seja por sua amplitude conceitual, que supostamente causou seu “esvaziamento”, ou por sua capacidade de explicar as mudanças ocorridas na política internacional em diferentes momentos históricos. Sendo assim, apesar de sua importante contribuição conceitual e como agenda de pesquisa, a governança global encontrou certos limites em explicar as diferentes interações entre os atores públicos e privados. Pautado nisso, trago algumas contribuições dos estudos da governamentalidade para as Relações Internacionais, e sobre as possibilidades de pesquisa e questionamento que eles podem trazer. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é trazer um pouco mais do debate “governança versus governamentalidade” tão pouco abordado e discutido no Brasil. Portanto, viso fomentar o interesse por pesquisas utilizando tal referencial teórico pensando a “governamentalidade” não como uma forma de “superar” a governança, mas como uma lente analítica alternativa para a esfera internacional.Recebido em: setembro de 2019Aceito em: março de 2020
O debate acerca do estado e sua ‘internacionalização’: contribuições da Teoria Crítica e do Marxismo para as Relações Internacionais
Authors: Garcia Ana Saggioro
Published: April 2020

O artigo objetiva apresentar o marxismo como teoria das Relações Internacionais. Para isso, trazemos algumas das premissas básicas e aspectos metodológicos relevantes da leitura de Marx. Logo, fazemos um breve balanço do amplo debate sobre a natureza do Estado e as relações de classes. Para isso, nos baseamos em dois expoentes clássicos do marxismo no século XX, Antonio Gramsci e Nicos Poulantzas. Por fim, procuramos apresentar os reflexos da metodologia marxiana e do debate sobre a relação entre Estado e classes sociais, e Estado e sociedade civil, para as formulações teóricas das Relações Internacionais, trazendo as ideias centrais de dois de seus expoentes, Robert W. Cox e Leo Panitch. Estes autores trabalham os conceitos de hegemonia, império e a ideia de ‘internacionalização do Estado’, que consideramos uma categoria original da teoria crítica e marxista para as Relações Internacionais. Espera-se poder contribuir com agendas de pesquisa inovadoras e críticas nas Relações Internacionais, que possam dar conta da conjuntura internacional cada vez mais complexa que hoje vivemos.Recebido em: setembro de 2019Aceito em: fevereiro de 2020
Perseguir o inatingível: repensando a construção de ameaças a partir de uma perspectiva lacaniana
Authors: Ventura Leonardo Mendonça , Pedroso Rafael Moscardi
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre o conceito lacaniano de fantasia e a construção de ameaças. A ideia central do artigo é pensar como determinadas fantasias de segurança servem para sustentar a efetivação do que aqui se entende como a narco-necropolítica filipina. Entendemos o conceito de fantasia como uma narrativa imbuída de desejo através da qual os sujeitos fazem sentido do mundo. Dessa forma, argumentamos que, no campo da segurança, a fantasia é um mecanismo de produção de realidade que mobiliza um desejo inatingível por segurança e tanto promete uma solução simplificada das contradições, quanto acaba legitimando a classificação de outros como ameaças e o emprego de violência e de dispositivos de necropolítica por parte do Estado contra esses corpos. O trabalho surge motivado pelos esforços teóricos em teoria psicanalítica dentro de Relações Internacionais, além de dialogar com autores de outras disciplinas que utilizam esse instrumental de análise. Esperamos que esse artigo consiga desafiar alguns conceitos pré-estabelecidos em teoria de Relações Internacionais, especificamente em estudos de segurança, e demonstrar a importância da fantasia enquanto categoria de análise interessante para a compreensão da política internacional.Recebido em: setembro de 2019Aceito em: março de 2020
Exclusão do sujeito negro e a negação de raça na produção acadêmica em Relações Internacionais no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Ananda Vilela da Silva
Published: April 2020

Um sistema político forjado na lógica da branquitude e o racismo à brasileira impõem classificações de superioridade e inferioridade nas hierarquias sociais. Com isso, sujeitos negros, definidos a partir de discursos científicos racistas são supostamente irracionais e desprovidos de inteligência, enquanto sujeitos brancos colhem os privilégios adquiridos por meio da exploração indébita da mão de obra escravizada. Pensar a disciplina de Relações Internacionais no Brasil é entender que esse contexto de exploração, apropriação e extermínio da população negra no país permeiam os debates acerca do internacional neste campo do saber, mesmo que silenciados por mecanismos de exclusão de produção de conhecimento na ciência moderna. Sob esta égide, este artigo busca entender como a categoria raça, e o contexto racial no Brasil atravessam a construção do campo das RI no país. Na intenção de expandir os debates historiográficos acerca da institucionalização de cursos de pós-graduação em RI no Brasil, faz-se uso de uma abordagem decolonial em perspectiva afrodiaspórica. Para tal, empreende-se um levantamento bibliográfico sobre RI no país, tangenciando categorias como colonialidade, racismo e epistemicídio como ferramentas analíticas que possibilitam a leitura da colonialidade do conhecimento no ensino e pesquisa das RI.
Effects of Colonization of Gnotobiotic Swiss Webster Mice with Helicobacter bilis
Authors: Whary Mark T , Wang Chuanwu , Ruff Catherine F , DiVincenzo Mallory J , Labriola Caralyn , Ge Lillian , Feng Yan , Ge Zhongming , Bakthavatchalu Vasu , Muthupalani Suresh , Horwitz Bruce H , Fox James G
Published: April 2020

Helicobacter bilis (Hb) causes hepatitis in some strains of inbred mice. The current study confirmed that Hb directly causes portal hepatitis in outbred gnotobiotic Swiss Webster (SW) mice, as we previously reported for conventional SW mice. Hbmonoassociated SW mice also developed
mild enterocolitis, expanded gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and tertiary lymphoid tissue in the lower bowel. At 1 and 10 mo after infection, Hb-induced GALT hyperplasia exhibited well-organized, ectopic germinal centers with increased mononuclear cell apoptosis, MHC class II antigen
presentation, and pronounced endothelial venule formation, consistent with features of tertiary lymphoid tissue. In the lower bowel, Hb induced mainly B220+ cells as well as CD4+ IL17+, CD4+ IFNγ+, and CD4+ FoxP3+
regulatory T cells and significantly increased IL10 mRNA expression. This gnotobiotic model confirmed that Hb causes portal hepatitis in outbred SW mice but stimulated GALT with an antiinflammatory bias. Because Hb had both anti- and proinflammatory effects on GALT, it should be considered
a 'pathosymbiont provocateur' and merits further evaluation in mouse models of human disease.
Room Decontamination Using Ionized Hydrogen Peroxide Fog and Mist Reduces Hatching Rates of Syphacia obvelata Ova
Authors: Dell’Anna Giuseppe , Mullin Kathleen , Brewer Matthew T , Jesudoss Chelladurai Jeba R J , Sauer Mary B , Ball Brianne LS
Published: April 2020

This study evaluated the efficacy of ionized hydrogen peroxide (iHP) fog and mist for environmental and surface decontaminationof Syphacia obvelata ova in rodent rooms. Ova were collected by perianal tape impression from S. obvelata infectedmice. In experiment 1, ova were exposed to iHP using a whole-room fogging decontamination system with a 15 min initialfog application cycle in unoccupied rodent rooms. Ova were removed from the fogged environment after a 15 min, 30 min, 90min, or 240 min iHP exposure time. In experiment 2, a second cohort of ova were exposed to iHP using the whole-room foggingdecontamination system. Ova were removed after 3, 4 or 6 continuous fog application cycles with 45 min dwelling timebetween each cycle and 15 h dwelling time for the last time point. In experiment 3, a third set of ova was exposed to an iHPsurface misting unit with 1, 2, or 3 iHP mist applications. A 7 min contact time followed each application. After exposure, ovawere incubated in a hatching medium for 6 h. Control ova were maintained at room temperature without iHP exposure beforeincubation in the hatching medium. After incubation, the number of ova hatched was assessed by microscopic examination.For experiment 1, results ranged from 46% to 57% of exposed ova hatched. For experiment 2, results ranged from 43% to 49%of ova hatched. For experiment 3, 37% to 46% of exposed ova hatched. Conversely, for the control groups above 80% of ovahatched for all 3 experiments. These data suggest that exposure to iHP fog and mist has variable effectiveness in reducingviability of S. obvelata ova at the time points tracked. Further studies are needed to identify iHP exposures that will furtherreduce or eliminate the hatching of rodent pinworm ova.
Фармакологические свойства препаратов, созданных на основе экстракта астрагала (обзор)
Authors: Березуцкий Михаил Александрович , Якубова Лилия Рахимовна , Дурнова Наталья Анатольевна , Романтеева Юлия Викторовна , Белоногова Юлия Владимировна , Комарова Елена Энгелевна , Шереметьева Анна Сергеевна
Published: April 2020

Представлен обзор данных литературы по фармакологическим свойствам препаратов, созданных на основе химических соединений видов рода астрагал (Astragalus L.). Особое внимание уделяется препаратам из A. membranaceus, которые в экспериментальных и клинических исследованиях показали способность активировать теломеразу и увеличивать длину теломер. Подробно рассматриваются исследования антиоксидантной активности экстракта и химических компонентов астрагалов и антиоксидантные свойства препаратов, созданных на их основе. Обсуждаются перспективы дальнейших исследований по выявлению фармакологических свойств у других представителей данного рода.
Фармакопейный стандарт качества радиофармацевтических лекарственных препаратов для позитронно-эмиссионной томографии
Authors: Громаков Артем С. , Саканян Елена И. , Сенченко Сергей П. , Рузиев Рамзес Д.
Published: April 2020

Проведена оценка современного состояния стандартов качества радиофармацевтических лекарственных препаратов (РФЛП) для позитронно-эмиссионной томографии (ПЭТ), прежде всего с учётом требований отечественной и мировой фармакопейной практики. Показана необходимость разработки как общего фармакопейного стандарта для РФЛП для ПЭТ, так и частных фармакопейных статей на отдельные лекарственные средства. С учетом известных особенностей РФЛП для ПЭТ на примере лекарственных форм для парентерального применения представлены общие подходы к стандартизации по каждому показателю качества в отдельности.
К вопросу о роли белка липокалина-2 в прогрессировании диабетической нефропатии и оценке эффективности терапии цитофлавином
Authors: Ибрагимов В. М.-Э. , Сарвилина И. В. , Батюшин М. М. , Алискандиев А. М.
Published: April 2020

Исследована роль белка липокалина-2 в прогрессировании диабетической нефропатии (ДНП) при сахарном диабете (СД) 2 типа и оценке эффективности включения в стандартную терапию препарата цитофлавин. Проведено многоцентровое проспективное контролируемое рандомизированное исследование с учетом критериев включения/невключения. Продолжительность исследования — 12 мес. Включено 79 пациентов с диагнозом «СД 2 типа, ДНП. Хроническая болезнь почек, стадия 1. Артериальная гипертензия 1 – 2 степени», получавших гипотензивную, антиагрегационную, гиполипидемическую терапию. Пациенты были рандомизированы на 2 группы: группа 1 (n = 45) — пациенты, которые принимали ингибитор натрий-зависимого переносчика глюкозы 2-го типа — эмпаглифлозин в дозе 25 мг/сут ежедневно; группа 2 (n = 34) — эмпаглифлозин в дозе 25 мг/сут ежедневно и в течение 25 дней 10-го и 12-го мес цитофлавин по 2 таблетки внутрь 2 раза в сутки. Через 9 и 12 мес после включения пациентов в исследование проведена ультразвуковая допплерография сосудов почек, получены показатели гликемии натощак, липидограммы, коагулограммы, креатинина, калия, C-пептида, гликозилированного гемоглобина, скорости экскреции альбумина, скорости клубочковой фильтрации, уровня липокалина-2 в моче методом иммуноферментного анализа. Добавление цитофлавина в режим терапии ДНП приводило к значимому снижению концентрации глюкозы в крови натощак, Hb1Ac, С-пептида, холестерина в липопротеинах низкой плотности (ХС ЛПНП), фибриногена, креатинина, калия при увеличении активности белка С и активированного частичного тромбопластового времени (АЧТВ) по сравнению с группой пациентов, не получавших цитофлавин. Показано значимое уменьшение уровня липокалина-2 в моче. Показано значимое прямое влияние уровня липокалина-2 в моче пациентов обеих групп на показатели скорости экскреции альбумина, гликемии натощак, ХС ЛПНП и фибриногена крови, наиболее выраженное при приеме цитофлавина. Выявлена прогностическая роль липокалина-2 в прогрессировании ДНП у лиц с СД 2 типа и реализации фармакологических эффектов цитофлавина.
Оценка эффективности противовирусной терапии гриппа A(H1N1) в эпидемические сезоны 2017 – 2018 и 2018 – 2019 гг.
Authors: Емельянова Альвина Николаевна , Тихонова Елена Петровна , Кузьмина Т. Ю. , Емельянов А. С. , Чупрова Г. А. , Епифанцева Н. В. , Климович К. И. , Радюкин Н. О. , Радюкина Е. О. , Юрчук С. В. , Витковский Ю. А.
Published: April 2020

Представлены результаты оценки терапевтической эффективности риамиловира в сравнении с умифеновиром по длительности общих инфекционных синдромов (интоксикации, лихорадки), синдромов поражения респираторного тракта, а также по частоте развития осложненного течения гриппа. Для оценки функциональной активности иммунокомпетентных клеток на разных этапах заболевания при проведении противовирусной терапии проводилась оценка показателя лимфоцитарно-тромбоцитарной адгезии (ЛТА). Установлено, что у пациентов, получавших риамиловир, количество розеткообразующих лимфоцитов снижалось до (16,8 ± 2,1) %, что в 1,2 раза меньше по сравнению с группой пациентов, принимавших умифеновир (21,2 ± 1,8) %. В результате применения риамиловира при гриппе происходил не только более быстрый регресс интоксикационного и катарального синдромов (p < 0,05), но и нормализация ЛТА, что отражает стабилизацию патологического процесса и, соответственно, свидетельствует о большей эффективности проводимой терапии данным противовирусным препаратом.
Митохондрии клеток церебрального эндотелия как потенциальная мишень для нейропротекторного действия коэнзима Q10
Authors: Шаповал Наталья Сергеевна , Медведев Олег Стефанович , Моргун Андрей Васильевич , Антонова Светлана Константиновна , Салмина Алла Борисовна
Published: April 2020

Клетки церебрального эндотелия выстилают сосуды головного мозга и образуют гематоэнцефалический барьер, отделяющий центральную нервную систему от циркулирующей крови. В настоящее время показано, что нарушение нормального функционирования клеток церебрального эндотелия способно приводить к различным патологиям, в том числе и к развитию нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Доказано, что коэнзим Q10 обладает нейропротекторным действием и является перспективным препаратом для лечения и профилактики ряда заболеваний, вызванных митохондриальными нарушениями. Изучение действия коэнзима Q10 на клетки церебрального эндотелия является важным и интересным направлением в нейрофармакологии, открывающим новые перспективы для решения вопроса управления проницаемостью ГЭБ, предотвращения развития нейровоспаления и нейродегенерации.
Влияние антиоксидантных соединений на уровень тревоги и депрессивно-подобные состояния в эксперименте
Authors: Трегубова Ирина Александровна , Косолапов Вадим Анатольевич , Спасов Александр Алексеевич , Анисимова Вера Алексеевна
Published: April 2020

Представлены данные о влиянии антиоксидантных средств (эноксифол 10 мг/кг, мексидол 100 мг/кг внутрижелудочно однократно) на уровень тревоги и депрессивно-подобного состояния в тестах «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт», «Подвешивание за хвост» у крыс и мышей. Установлена анксиолитическая активность соединения эноксифол и препарата сравнения мексидол, увеличивающих в тесте «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» у крыс общее время, проведенное в центральном отсеке, в 5 и 3 раза, соответственно, и время, проведенное в одном боковом рукаве, в 15 и 4,5 раза, по сравнению с контрольными значениями (p ≤ 0,05). В тесте «Подвешивание за хвост» изученные соединения увеличивали время иммобилизации мышей на 215 и 115 %, соответственно (p ≤ 0,05). Антидепрессивная активность в использованных тестах у изученных соединений не выявлена.
Линии животных со сниженной экспрессией дофаминового транспортера: перспективы и ограничения использования в экспериментальной нейропсихофармакологии
Authors: Савченко Артём Алексеевич , Суханов Илья М. , Звартау Эдвин Эдуардович
Published: April 2020

Работа трансмембранного протеина дофаминового транспортёра (dopamine transporter, DAT) — одна из ключевых составляющих дофаминергических процессов. Предполагают, что изменение функции DAT может являться одним из основных механизмов развития патологических состояний, сопровождающихся гипердофаминергией. Первая линия генетически модифицированных мышей, у которых отсутствовал DAT (DAT-KO), была создана более 15 лет назад. Со временем спектр линий животных с изменённой экспрессией DAT расширился: была создана линия мышей со сниженной на 90 % экспрессией данного белка, две линии DAT-KO крыс. В исследованиях на данных линиях лабораторных животных было установлено, что повышение уровня дофамина в синаптической щели приводит к тому, что у животных формируется двигательная гиперактивность и выраженные двигательные стереотипические реакции, а также когнитивные нарушения. Эти и другие изменения, по-видимому, вызванные избытком дофамина, могут быть уменьшены введением различных фармакологически активных веществ, влияющих как на дофаминовую, так и на другие нейромедиаторные системы. Целью настоящего обзора является систематизация и анализ накопленных данных о последствиях изменения экспрессии DAT у лабораторных животных, результатов исследований эффектов фармакологических веществ на этих животных, а также общая оценка обоснованности использования животных с гипофункцией DAT для поиска новых средств терапии психических расстройств, сопровождающихся гиперфункцией дофаминовой системы.
Современная пандемия COVID-19 и лекарственные средства
Authors: Фисенко Владимир Петрович , Чичкова Н. В.
Published: April 2020

Представлена информация о лекарственных средствах, уменьшающих репликацию вируса и цитокиновый шторм при COVID-19.
Modelıng of 21 July 2017 Geomagnetıc Storm
Authors: EROGLU Emre
Published: April 2020

This essay involves mathematical analyzes of 21 July 21, 2017, geomagnetic storm in the 24th solar cycle. It focuses on solar wind parameters (Bz, E, P, N, v, T), zonal geomagnetic indices (Dst, ap, AE, Kp) obtained from NASA and discusses the July storm by strictly obeying the cause-effect relationship. The paper examines the phenomenon carefully and tries to reveal properties of the storm with the models governing by the causality principle. In this study, values interval and deviations of the variables are defined via descriptive analysis, binary relationships of the data are displayed with the covariance matrix and the cluster of the data are introduced by the dendrogram. Factor analysis is conducted with the help of normal distributions of the data and the phenomenon is tried to discuss with linear and nonlinear models. The study, without detachment from the context of the discussion, also detects anomalies of total electron content (TEC) data obtained from CODE (GIM).
La expresión corporal-danza como constituyente de conciencia de corporeidad en la formación docente universitaria
Authors: Guillén Elcira Claudia
Published: April 2020

La corporeidad es constitutiva del ser humano, somos “sujeto” a medida (y en la medida) en que tomamos conciencia de nuestra realidad de seres encarnados. Define nuestro límite subjetivo: la piel demarca nuestro “territorio”, y al mismo tiempo conforma nuestra complexión social y cultural; la piel nos contacta con los otros para poder re-conocernos como parte de una sociedad, como integrantes de una cultura que vamos permanentemente re-creando a través de nuestra condición de seres creativos. Asimismo, nuestro cuerpo -organismo inscripto en un tiempo y un espacio- nos inmersa en la materialidad viva que integramos en un mundo multi-universal con el que compartimos la misma materia. La Expresión Corporal-Danza involucra y dimensiona sujetos encarnados y atravesados por su historia y su cultura ¿de qué modo impacta su vivencia en la formación superior universitaria? La investigación de la Facultad de Artes, Diseño y Ciencias de la Cultura titulada: “Actuar el Cuerpo. Un estudio exploratorio sobre la Expresión Corporal en la formación de alumnos del Profesorado y Licenciatura en Educación Inicial” (PI N002-2014), aprobada por Resolución N° 0155/15-CS, define como uno de sus objetivos “Indagar los efectos de la Expresión Corporal en el desarrollo de una conciencia holística del cuerpo y en el proceso de constitución de subjetividades dentro de la formación docente profesional en Educación Inicial”. Así, este artículo propone reflexionar sobre el lugar que tiene en la formación de los y las estudiantes universitarios, la constitución de su subjetividad.
“Se aprende haciendo”. Experiencias, saberes y formas de transmisión en la pesca y la albañilería. Estudio cualitativo en el Nea Argentino
Authors: Piñeiro Nidia , Sánchez Silvia Noemí , Serial Agostina Florencia
Published: April 2020

El propósito del trabajo es analizar las experiencias, los saberes y sus formas de transmisión en dos grupos de trabajadores manuales, pescadores y albañiles. Abordar este tema es importante por cuanto contribuye a dilucidar lo que aportan estas comunidades de oficio a la incorporación de conocimientos en ámbitos no formales de aprendizaje. La propuesta es visibilizar y jerarquizar un espacio no reconocido habitualmente por los estudios académicos: el oficio como un ámbito donde se aprende y validan saberes. Para el estudio se hizo una selección intencional de casos. Pescadores y albañiles fueron observados y entrevistados en sus contextos laborales. Los primeros constituyen un grupo de pescadores de agua dulce cuya labor es ejercida en las riberas chaqueña y correntina del Río Paraná. Los segundos son un grupo de oficiales albañiles de larga trayectoria en el oficio residentes en Pcia. Roque Sáenz Peña, Chaco. La descripción y comparación de los modos de aprendizaje y transmisión de los saberes en ambos grupos no solo permite una sistematización de información que puede ser insumo para decisiones de política curricular y de organización de contenidos en modalidades como la educación para jóvenes y adultos así como la formación profesional, sino que también es un aporte sumamente valioso en el reconocimiento de las mediaciones culturales en los procesos de transmisión.
La formación docente y el ejercicio profesional de los noveles profesores en Historia
Authors: Rosso Irma Esther , Alcalá María Teresa
Published: April 2020

El ejercicio de la docencia se considera como un proceso continuo desde la etapa de estudiante de la carrera del profesorado en Historia hasta la inserción laboral. Es decir, que la universidad avala la formación disciplinar de sus egresados y los acredita para la práctica profesional. Situación cierta, aunque, en la realidad, el inicio de la docencia, significa enfrentarse a una serie de problemas generalmente no abordados en la institución de formación docente. Mediante relatos de docentes noveles analizamos situaciones referidas a: temores, inseguridades, incertidumbres que experimentan al transitar esta etapa inicial del ejercicio profesional. Para aproximarnos a las vicisitudes que vivencian y marcan a estos docentes indagamos sus procesos de socialización profesional y de conformación del conocimiento profesional a través de la investigación biográfica y narrativa.
موقف الرأي العام من الحكم السلجوقي للعراق
Authors: Muzaffar Yahya Muhammad
Published: April 2020

يتركز محور موضوعة البحث حول حقبة تاريخية مهمة في العصر العباسي الثاني، التي تبدأ منذ وصول السلطان السلجوقي طغرلبك الى بغداد، اذ اصبح العراق بعدها خاضعاً للحكم السلجوقي، وما تيع ذلك من تأثيرات وانعكاسات سياسية واجتماعية واقتصادية خطيرة على اوضاع البلاد بشكل عام، والخلفاء العباسيين على وجه الخصوص .

ومع ذلك قلا يستطيع احد من الباحثين ان ينكر الاثار الايجابية لحكم السلاجقة الذين جاءوا الى العراق بعد نداء الاستغاثة الذي وجهه الخليفة العباسي القائم بأمر الله الى السلطان طغرلبك من اجل ايقاف نزيف التدهور الذي كان يشهده العراق في المدة المتأخرة من العصر البويهي، اذ استغل البساسيري الذي يعد احد قادة البويهيين حالة الصراع والتطاحن بين امرائهم على كرسي الحكم، فحاول تهديد واسقاط الخلافة العباسية بالاتفاق مع دولة الفاطميين في مصر. ولهذا فقد كان قدوم السلاجقة الى العراق من اجل اعادة ضبط الاوضاع السياسية والامنية في البلاد .

ورغم محاولة سلاطين السلاجقة بيان ان سياستهم العامة ترتكز على اظهار مشاعر الود والاحترام للخلفاء العباسيين امام الملأ، وان شرعية حكمهم مستمدة من ارضاء ومباركة مؤسسة الخلافة، بيد اننا لا يمكن ان نغفل عن حقيقة واضحة للعيان وهي ان طابع الهيمنة والتسلط قد خيم على الاوضاع السياسية في العراق مما ادى الى استشراء الفوضى والفساد في البلاد وانتشرت اعمال السلب والنهب، ففقدت الامة الكثير من امكاناتها بسبب طيش هؤلاء ونزقهم وصراعهم على عرش السلطنة .

لقد كان لهذه الاوضاع اثراً مباشراً على الخلافة وعلى الرأي العام اذ بدأ الجميع بالتصدي لموجة الاستبداد والفساد، وبرز بعض الخلفاء الذين رفعوا راية المقاومة والجهاد للحد من النفوذ السلجوقي معتمدين في ذلك على التأييد الشعبي الكبير لهم، وقد تجلى ذلك في المعارك التي خاضتها تلك الجماهير والتضحيات الكبيرة التي قدمتها .
Distinguishing True From False Confessions Using Physiological Patterns of Concealed Information Recognition – A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Geven Linda Marjoleine , Ben-Shakhar Gershon , Kassin Saul , Verschuere Bruno
Published: April 2020

Wrongful conviction cases indicate that not all confessors are guilty. However, there is currently no validated method to assess the veracity of confessions. In this preregistered study, we evaluate whether a new application of the Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a potentially valid method to make a distinction between true and false admissions of guilt. Eighty-three participants completed problem-solving tasks, individually and in pairs. Unbeknownst to the participants, their team-member was a confederate, tempting the participant to break the experimental rules by assisting during an individual assignment. Irrespective of actual rule-breaking behavior, all participants were accused of cheating and interrogated. True confessors but not false confessors showed recognition of answers obtained by cheating in the individual task, as evidenced by larger physiological responses to the correct than to plausible but incorrect answers. These findings encourage further investigation on the use of memory detection to discriminate true from false confessions.
Developing a short-form situational judgment test to assess implicit trait policies for agreeableness
Authors: Freudenstein Jan-Philipp , Krumm Stefan
Published: April 2020

Implicit Trait Policies (ITPs) are defined as implicit beliefs about the effectiveness of behaviors that express a certain trait. They are typically assessed with Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs). However, such tests often lack sufficient psychometric properties. In this study (N = 133), we aimed at developing a short-form of an SJT to assess ITPs for agreeableness. Results showed, that the six-item short-version had superior model fit when compared to the original test while maintaining the same correlation to self-reported personality. Overall, the short-form is suitable for future application. Limitations and future research perspectives are discussed.
Decentralised, privacy-preserving inference for mobile phone contact tracing of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tang Daniel
Published: April 2020

With the announcement of Apple and Google's partnership to introduce contact-tracing functionality to iOS and Android, it seems increasingly likely that contact tracing via a smart-phone will form an important part of the effort to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent resurgences of the disease after the initial outbreak.When deciding whether a person should be isolated, tested or released, information about test results and symptoms of that person's contacts should be used in the most efficient way to inform the decision. However, the privacy preserving nature of the Apple/Google contact tracing algorithm means that centralised curation of these decisions is not possible so each phone must use its own ``risk model'' to inform decisions. Ideally, the risk model should use Bayesian inference to decide the best course of action given the test results of the user and those of other users. Here we present a decentralised algorithm that estimates the Bayesian posterior probability of viral transmission events and evaluates when a user should be notified, tested or released from isolation while preserving user privacy. The algorithm also uses data from the contact tracing activity to be used to update the disease models on all phones and to allow Epidemiologists to better understand the dynamics of the disease.The algorithm is a message passing algorithm, based on belief propagation, so each smart-phone can be used to execute a small part of the algorithm without releasing any sensitive information. In this way, the network of all participating smart-phones forms a distributed computation device that performs Bayesian inference and informs each user when they should start/end isolation or be tested.
Did the Great Recession affect mortality rates in the metropolitan United States? Effects on mortality by age, gender and cause of death
Authors: Strumpf Erin , Charters Thomas , Harper Sam , Nandi Arijit
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Mortality rates generally decline during economic recessions in high-income countries, however gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This study estimates the impacts of increases in unemployment rates on both all-cause and cause-specific mortality across U.S. metropolitan regions during the Great Recession.Methods: We estimate the effects of economic conditions during the recent and severe recessionary period on mortality, including differences by age and gender subgroups, using fixed effects regression models. We identify a plausibly causal effect by isolating the impacts of within-metropolitan area changes in unemployment rates and controlling for common temporal trends. We aggregated vital statistics, population, and unemployment data at the area-month-year-age-gender-race level, yielding 527,040 observations across 366 metropolitan areas, 2005-2010.Results: We estimate that a one percentage point increase in the metropolitan area unemployment rate was associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality of 3.95 deaths per 100,000 person years (95%CI -6.80 to -1.10), or 0.5%. Estimated reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality contributed 60% of the overall effect and were more pronounced among women. Motor vehicle accident mortality declined with unemployment increases, especially for men and those under age 65, as did legal intervention and homicide mortality, particularly for men and adults ages 25-64. We find suggestive evidence that increases in metropolitan area unemployment increased accidental drug poisoning deaths for both men and women ages 25-64.Conclusions: Our finding that all-cause mortality increased during the Great Recession is consistent with previous studies. Some categories of cause-specific mortality, notably cardiovascular disease, also follow this pattern, and are more pronounced for certain gender and age groups. Our study also suggests that the recent recession contributed to the growth in deaths from overdoses of prescription drugs in working-age adults in metropolitan areas. Additional research investigating the mechanisms underlying the health consequences of macroeconomic conditions is warranted.
Hierarchical Modelling of Facial Perceptions: A Secondary Analysis of Aggressiveness Ratings
Authors: Adkins Mark Christopher , Beribisky Nataly , Bonfield Stephan , Farmus Linda
Published: April 2020

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s (PSA) primary project tested for latent structure using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis but we decided to diverge from this approach and model individual traits separately. Our interest mainly was in examining the interplay between “stimulus ethnicity” and “stimulus sex” to discover how differing levels of these criterion differ across region, country, lab etc. While the necessary and prerequisite hierarchical structural information about each trait could certainly be found within the primary project’s dataset, we did not assume that any specific factor structure from the PSA’s primary analysis would necessarily hold, therefore we based our decision to model the data from each trait separately using a mixed model framework.
Taking ACTion: 18 Simple Strategies for Supporting Children with Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tarbox Courtney , Silverman Erin A. , Chastain Amanda N.. , Little Alexandra , Bermudez Taira Lanagan , Tarbox Jonathan
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically uprooted the lives of families around the world. Families living with children with autism may be particularly affected due to being abruptly deprived of their usual in-person support from applied behavior analysis (ABA) service providers. This article gives how-to instructions on 18 simple ACT training programs that can be used as supplements to ongoing ABA services to support children with autism whose verbal repertoires may play a part in the challenges they are facing during the current crisis. We describe several challenges that have been frequently reported by families and ABA practitioners during the pandemic. For each behavioral challenge, we provide a brief practical description, brief behavioral conceptual description, and how-to guidance on implementing ACT procedures that address each behavioral challenge at a functional level. The appendix contains child- friendly worksheets for practitioners to use as visual supports while implementing the intervention procedures.
Americans’ Risk Perceptions and Emotional Responses to COVID-19, April 2020
Authors: Ballew Matthew Thomas , Bergquist Parrish , Goldberg Matthew H. , Gustafson Abel , Kotcher John , Marlon Jennifer R. , Roess Amira , Rosenthal Seth A. , Maibach Edward , Leiserowitz Anthony
Published: April 2020

Drawing on a scientific national survey (N = 3,933; including 3,188 registered voters), this report describes Americans’ risk perceptions and emotional responses to COVID-19 to inform the public health community, policymakers, and the public.
The Sisyphean Cycle of Technology Panics
Authors: Orben Amy
Published: April 2020

NOW PUBLISHED: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620919372. Widespread concerns about new technologies – whether they be novels, radios or smartphones – are repeatedly found throughout history. While past panics are often met with amusement today, current concerns routinely engender large research investments and policy debate. What we learn from studying past technological panics, however, is that these investments are often inefficient and ineffective. What causes technological panics to repeatedly reincarnate? And why does research routinely fail to address them? To answer such questions, this article examines the network of political, population and academic factors driving the Sisyphean Cycle of Technology Panics. In this cycle, psychologists are encouraged to spend time investigating new technologies, and how they affect children and young people, to calm a worried population. Their endeavour is however rendered ineffective due to a lacking theoretical baseline; researchers cannot build on what has been learnt researching past technologies of concern. Thus academic study seemingly restarts for each new technology of interest, slowing down the policy interventions necessary to ensure technologies are benefitting society. This article highlights how the Sisyphean Cycle of Technology Panics stymies psychology’s positive role in steering technological change, and highlights the pervasive need for improved research and policy approaches to new technologies.