bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Acceptability of English Translation of Public Signs
Authors: Yang Zhengjun
Published: September 2019

The public sign, a “window” of a city or scenic spot, carries more information and plays the informative role in people’s daily life. The translation of public signs not merely transfers the linguistic information of the signs, but also acts as a cross-cultural communication activity. The study analyzes the types of public signs, investigates the common mistakes of English translation of public signs, and puts forward some suggestions for the public signs translation. The improvement of translators’ competence and cross-cultural awareness, the uniformity of the text, readers’ response, and the cultural context should be taken into consideration. They can contribute to the greater acceptability of public signs translation.
Defining Women’s Representation: Debates around Gender Quotas in India and France
Authors: Dutoya Virginie , Sintomer Yves
Published: September 2019

In 1999, after a heated debate on gender parity in political representation, the French constitution was amended to include the principle of “equal representation” of both sexes. This paved the way for the introduction of gender quotas. In the same period, a bill providing reservations for women at the national level provoked a political crisis in India. The objective of this article is to compare both debates, looking in particular at the way women’s representation was framed. In France, the main argument against quotas was that republican representation should be unitary and transcend social differences, but at the end of the 1990s, women in mainstream politics were seen as one element of the dual nature of human kind, different from other categories such as class or race. In India, the specific representation of certain groups (Dalits, lower castes, tribal groups) had been the traditional framework for political representation since independence in 1947. But when the bill proposed to extend reservations to women, opponents of the project claimed that women did not constitute a category in themselves, and that sex should be intersected with caste and religion for the attribution of quotas. Looking at parliamentary debates, articles, and tribunes supporting or opposing quotas in both countries, we show that the arguments mobilized reveal different conceptions of the political representation of gender difference, which are partly transversal and partly specific to each country.
The Structure of Moment Tensors in Transversely Isotropic Focal Regions
Authors: Diner Çağrı
Published: September 2019

Full moment tensor inversion has become a standard method for understanding the mechanisms of earthquakes as the resolution of the inversion process increases. Thus, it is important to know the possible forms of non–double‐couple (non‐DC) moment tensors, which can be obtained because of either the different source mechanisms or the anisotropy of the focal regions. In this study, the form of the moment tensors of seismic sources occurring in transversely isotropic (TI) focal regions is obtained using the eigendecomposition of the elasticity tensor. More precisely, a moment tensor is obtained as a linear combination of the eigenspaces of TI elasticity tensor in which the coefficients of the terms are the corresponding eigenvalues multiplied with the projection of the potency tensor onto the corresponding eigenspaces. Moreover, the eigendecomposition method is also applied to obtain the three different forms of moment tensors in isotropic focal regions, in particular, for the shear source, tensile source, and for any type of potency tensor whose rank is three. This linear algebra point of view makes the structure of the moment tensors more apparent; for example, a shear source tensor is an eigenvector of isotropic elasticity tensor, and hence the resulting moment tensor is proportional to its shear source tensor. Moreover, a geometric interpretation for the scalar seismic moment, which is the norm of the moment tensor, for anisotropic focal regions is achieved through the eigendecomposition method. This method also gives a simple way to quantify the percentage of the isotropic component of the moment tensor of shear sources in TI focal regions. Hence, the complexities in the moment tensor introduced by the anisotropy of the focal region and by the source mechanism can be differentiated.
Seismotectonics of the Grand Wash Arizona Area
Authors: Brumbaugh David S.
Published: September 2019

The Grand Wash basin is located in northwest Arizona adjacent to the physiographic boundary of the Colorado plateau. The area is well mapped geologically and is geophysically similar to the Basin and Range and Transition Zone in structural style and history. The occurrence of a rare swarm of earthquakes in 2016 in the basin area served as an opportunity to perform a seismotectonic analysis of the Grand Wash basin. Results of the analysis indicate the basin is presently undergoing mild east west extension. The east west extension and associated seismicity of the swarm are here suggested to be the result of stress created by negative gravitational potential energy of the Colorado plateau relative to the lower Basin and Range and Transition Zone. This is suggested by the clockwise rotation of the extensional stress at about 36° N on both the plateau and the Basin and Range and Transition zone.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among municipality workers in Chitradurga, South India
Authors: T. Nalina , Phasha Ghouse , G. Prashanth , K. Sree Devi B.
Published: September 2019

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest cause for mortality and morbidity in the world. In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 53% of deaths and 44% of disability adjusted life years lost. Appropriate assessment and management of cardiovascular risk is vital to prevent fatal and non-fatal heart attacks and strokes and to improve health outcomes in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and HT are common diseases in adulthood, pre-disposing to many cardiovascular complications, posing a major public health challenge.This study aims to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, HT, smoking, alcohol intake, dyslipidaemia and obesity among Municipality workers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between Jan 2019-June 2019 among 100 Municipality workers in Chitradurga, South India. Socio-demographic details and some of the risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking history were obtained using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Blood pressure & waist circumference were measured by standard methods. Fasting blood sugar & lipid profile were measured.Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.03 years (SD ± 10.9). Out of the study subjects, 21% were known diabetic and 22% were known hypertensive. 34% of the participants had cholesterol level higher than the desirable level of 200 mg/dL. Around 72% had a history of alcohol consumption and 13% had a history of tobacco smoking during the last 1 month. The prevalence of overweight based on BMI (BMI >23) is higher among Municipality workers (56%) compared to the general population (35.4%).Conclusions: Burden of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and HT were high among Municipality Workers of Chitradurga.
A juventude "negra” como bode expiatório
Authors: Carvalho Silvia Cristina de Sousa
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo versa sobre como a juventude “negra” é históricamente criminalizada e exterminada pelo Estado a partir dessa criminalização. Temos como objetivo apresentar breves concepções sobre a categoria juventude, sua seletividade racial enquanto alvo da intervenção violenta do Estado por meio da análise de dados de fontes oficiais sobre o conhecido “auto de resistência” ou “homicídio decorrente de oposição à  intervenção policial”. Um extermínio que qualificamos como parte do genocídio da população Negra da diáspora forçada “africana” até a contemporaneidade impretado pelo Estado e com aval da sociedade já que um expressa o outro.
Comparative in vitro study of the cytotoxicity of gelatine and alginate to human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hendrijantini Nike
Published: September 2019

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and scaffold combination constitute a promising approach currently adopted for tissue engineering. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are easily obtained and non-invasive. Gelatine and alginate constitute a biocompatible natural polymer scaffold. At present, a cytotoxicity comparison of gelatine and alginate to hUC-MSCs is not widely conducted Purpose: This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of gelatine and alginate in hUC-MSCs in vitro. Methods: Isolation and culture were performed on hUC-MSCs derived from healthy full-term neonates. Flow Cytometry CD90, CD105 and CD73 phenotype characterization was performed in passage 4. 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay was performed to measure the cytotoxicity. The three sample groups were: (T1) hUC-MSCs with α-MEM (alpha-minimum essential medium) solution as control; (T2) hUC-MSCs with gelatine; (T3) hUC-MSCs with alginate Results: Flow cytometry of hUC-MSCs displayed positive CD90, CD105 and CD73 surface markers. Gelatine and alginate had no effect on the viability of hUC-MSCs and no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) of cytotoxicity between gelatine and alginate to hUC-MSCs. Conclusion: Gelatine and alginate proved to be non-toxic to hUC-MSCs in vitro.
The role of Kuniran (U. moluccensis) and Gurami (O. goramy) fish thorns and scales in increasing salivary leukocyte and monocyte cells viability against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Dewanti I Dewa Ayu Ratna , Susilawati I Dewa Ayu , Purwanto P. , Lestari Pujiana Endah , Budirahardjo Roedy , Setyorini Dyah , Yani Ristya Widi Endah , Wulandari Erawati , Wahyukundari Melok Aris
Published: September 2019

Background: Kuniran thorns and Gurami fish scales are rich in protein and minerals such as dentin believed to increase cell viability against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) that causes dental caries. These, in turn, can cause systemic diseases if left untreated. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of Kuniran thorns and Gurami fishes scales on the viability of monocytes and salivary leukocytes against S. mutans. Methods: Monocytes and leukocytes salivary cells were placed on a microtiter plate and treated according to the nature of each group. This study comprised the following groups: control group: untreated; S. mutans group: induced by S. Mutans; Gurami thorn group: thorns + S. Mutans; Gurami scales group: scales + S. Mutans; Kuniran thorn group: thorns + S. Mutans; Kuniran scales group: scales + S. mutans. Viability analysis involved staining with Tripan Blue. Furthermore, the number of viable cells (white) was calculated under an inverted microscope at 200 times magnification from five fields of view. Data was analyzed by means of an ANOVA test followed by LSD test. Results: The ANOVA and LSD tests confirmed significant differences (0.01<P). Kuniran thorns and Gurami fish scales increased the viability of monocytes and salivary leukocytes, but not significantly. The content of flavonoids, amino acids, omega 3, omega 6 and antioxidants increased leukocyte metabolism, thereby increasing cell resistance to S. mutans infection. Conclusion: Kuniran thorns (U. moluccensis) and Gurami (O. goramy) fish scales increase the viability of salivary leukocyte and monocyte cells against Streptococcus mutans.
PATTERN OF DEMAND FOR MAKING DENTURES AT DENTAL LABORATORY IN SURABAYA CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Setyowati Okti , Sujati Sujati , Wahjuni Sri
Published: September 2019

Background: Dental laboratory in Surabaya frequently make various kinds of the denture. But surely there is a case that was the most commonly accepted, to adjust to the needs of dental laboratories on the priorities of the work was done, it was necessary to give attention to the case that many common and must be taught to students Dental Technology. Purpose: To find an overview of the number the dentures received by the dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2013 until 2017. Methods: The data used is secondary data from a dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2013 to 2017. Result: A request for flexible and RPDs porcelain, acrylic resin and metal in 5 years obtained tend to be stable in high demand, even ina given year a sharp increase in RPDs flexible and drastic decline on fixed porcelain denture. Instead of facing acrylics, fixed denture tends to stabilize at its lowest during the period. While the acrylic RPDs has increased significantly in the last two years, in contrast to metal frame dentures, which decreased at two years latest. Conclusion: Flexible denture significantly better than with acrylic resin conventional denture on parameters taken in this research. Fixed porcelain denture are mostly made by a dental laboratory when compared with a removable partial denture acrylic resin.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN DAN PELANGGARAN PRINSIP KERJASAMA DALAM TALKSHOW RUMPI (NO SECRET) DI TRANS TV (TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK)
Authors: Widyaningrum Maria Ana , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Marmanto Sri
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini membahas strategi kesantunan yang terjadi antara pembawa acara dan narasumber. Sebagai publik figure strategi kesantunan memang sangat penting untuk menjaga dan melindungi ‘muka’ yang bersangkutan dari keterancaman.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa data lisan dari lima episode Rumpi (No Secret) di Trans TV. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik penyediaan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan percakapan yang dilakukan oleh pembawa acara dan narasumber di acara Rumpi (No Secret), dalam strategi kesantunan tuturan pembawa acara lebih lugas, pembawa acara memberikan simpati kepada narasumber, pembawa acara sering melucu untuk mencairkan suasana, pembawa acara sering memberikan pertanyaan model tertutup. Pelanggaran prinsip kerjasama yang dilakukan narasumber melanggar satu maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim cara dan maksim relevan; pelanggaran dua maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas dan maksim cara, maksim kualitas dan maksim cara, maksim kuantitas dan maksim relevan, maksim kuantitas dan maksim kualitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara; pelanggaran tiga maksim yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara; maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas dan maksim cara; maksim kualitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara. Terdapat 18 implikatur akibat adanya pelanggaran prinsip kerjasama yaitu implikatur belum siap wawancara, menyalahkan, mengkritik, memberitahukan, mengungkapkan kesedihan, menyatakan, melarang, menolak, menyatakan lelucon, menyindir, membenarkan, menjelaskan, bingung, berhati-hati menjawab, mengevaluasi, merasa kesal, mencurigai, dan menegaskan.

Kata kunci: strategi kesantunan, prinsip kerja sama, implikatur.
ANALISIS TERJEMAHAN TUTURAN YANG MENGAKOMODASI PENYIMPANGAN MAKSIM KUALITAS DALAM NOVEL "ME BEFORE YOU" KARYA JOJO MOYES
Authors: Aresta Ria
Published: September 2019

It is not easy to translate the utterances containing flouting maxim quality. The translators should pay more attention in spotting the implied message hidden in it. Therefore, it is important for the translators to consider which translation technique should be applied so that the sense of flouting maxim quality in source text could be deliverd exactly the same in target text. This is descriptive qualitative research with embedded case study. The object of this research is Me Before You novel by Jojo Moyes. In collecting the data, three methods were used; content analysis and focus group discussion (FGD). The data are utterances of all the characters in the plot containing flouting maxim of quality. The assessment of translation quality was obtained from raters and respondents. The results show that the there are 7 strategies used to flouts maxim of quality. They are in form of sarcasm, irony, hyperbole, untrue statement, rhetorical questions, metaphor and simile. The strategy shifts are in the form of (1) sarcasm; sarcasm-statement, sarcasm-sarcasm (downgrading), (2) irony; irony-irony (upgrading), irony-irony (downgrading), (3) hyperbole; hyperbole-hyperbole (downgrading), hyperbole-statement, (4) simile; simile-simile (downgrading), (5) metaphor; metaphor-metaphor (downgrading), while there are no shift in rhetorical question and untrue statement. From the analysis, it is found that 14 translation techniques used by the translator in translating the text, namely, established equivalent, variation, modulation, borrowing (pure borrowing), amplification (explicit), transposition, amplification (addition), reduction, generalization, literal, discursive creation, particularization and description. Established equivalent gives positive effect on translation quality. In the other hand, amplification (addition), discursive creation and literal techniques are known to have negative effect on translation quality.
A interamericanização do direito administrativo sancionador brasileiro: reflexões sobre o princípio da tipicidade da infração disciplinar a partir do diálogo judicial internacional
Authors: Resende Augusto César Leite de , Molinaro Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2019

A doutrina e a jurisprudência brasileiras entendem que não se aplica no âmbito do direito administrativo sancionador o princípio da tipicidade fechada, de modo que as infrações administrativas poderiam ser são instituídas na legislação de modo aberto e impreciso. Porém, a abertura do sistema jurídico nacional ao direito internacional proporciona o estabelecimento de um diálogo entre jurisdições, a permitir a sedimentação de uma relação construtiva de aprendizado, intercâmbio e aperfeiçoamento recíprocos, que garanta a promoção e a proteção dos direitos humanos. Por essa razão, o presente artigo científico tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de uma pesquisa dedutiva, doutrinária, legislativa e jurisprudencial, a compatibilidade dos tipos disciplinares abertos com o princípio da tipicidade consagrado no art. 9° da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, refletir-se-á sobre o impacto da decisão da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, proferida no Caso López Lone e outros vs. Honduras, a respeito da incidência das “garantias judiciais” previstas no Pacto de San José da Costa Rica, no regime jurídico disciplinar brasileiro. Ao final, conclui-se que os tipos administrativos sancionadores que não forneçam elementos suficientes para a caracterização da conduta ilícita são inválidos porque atentatórios à Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos.
Insights Breast Cancer through mitochondrial genomics
Authors: Baptista-Rosas Raúl Cuauhtemoc , Mercado-Sesma Arieh Roldán , Hernández Luis Enrique , Avalos Jorge Hermilo Vega , Miranda Jonathan Alejandro O’Connor , Cruz Alma Aurora Arreola , Ramos José Alfonso Cruz , Ortega Luis Daniel Hernández , Muñoz Alberto Daniel Rocha , Luna Felipe de Jesús Orozco , Rodriguez Marco Andres Perez , López Rocío Ortiz
Published: September 2019

Background Breast cancer has a predominant incidence and prevalence in Caucasian women. Although alterations in the mitochondrial genome probably play an important role in carcinogenesis, the actual evidence is ambiguous and inconclusive. The purpose of the present work was to determine the frequency of polymorphisms associated with breast cancer exploring mitochondrial sequences of clinical cases diagnosed from different origins reusing information available in the public free access database GenBank.Results 110 mtDNA sequences associated to breast cancer cases were identified, of which 72 sequences were complete mitochondrial chromosome and 38 partial sequences. Of these 110 identified sequences, 85 belong to patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer and 25 complete sequences were obtained from healthy mammary tissue of the same patients. In addition, we obtained 49 complete mtDNA sequences from Eskimo and Inuit individuals, a low prevalence breast cancer population, used as controls. From patients diagnosed with breast cancer, T16519C was found in 60% of the breast cancer sequences and less than 20% of controls sequences (P = 0.427). Two changes were found in D130 in all sequences analyzed, the first characterized by the insertion of base C in position 315 and, the second, a transition of cytosine by at least two cytosines and one thymine at position 309 always followed by another transition of thymine by cytosine in the position 310. ConclusionsBoth polymorphisms, T16519C and D130, are evolutionarily related to haplogroup H of Caucasian origin of Indo-European and Euro Asiatic origins. However, they were also found in all sequences of non-European origin with breast cancer. The changes in the mtDNA of patients with breast cancer are polymorphic and not associated with a few unique mutations.
Promoting effect of foliar silicon on steviol glycoside contents of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under salt stress
Authors: YAVAŞ İlkay , YILMAZ Fatih Mehmet , ÜNAY Aydın
Published: September 2019

This study investigated
the effect of foliar silicon application on fresh weight and dry matter
contents as well as steviol glycoside contents of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana
Bertoni) grown under salt stress. In this respect, an experimental research
with factorial arrangement on a Completely Randomized Design with four
replications was conducted in plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Four
different salinity levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM NaCl) were used for three weeks
old seedling and two different foliar silicone concentrations (12.5 and 25 mM)
were applied in the form of sodium silicate which was launched after 4 weeks of
planting. Both NaCl concentrations and foliar silicone application had
statistically significant effect (p≤0.05)
on fresh weight and dry matter characteristics and also on rebaudioside-A and
stevioside contents of stevia leaves which were harvested before flowering
period. Results showed that salt stress decreased both rebaudioside-A and
stevioside contents, but foliar silicone application improve negative
influences of NaCl treatments with even increasing the steviol glycoside
contents. Rebaudioside-A content did not change, but stevioside content
decreased with foliar silicone application in control conditions. However,
highest rebaudioside-A and stevioside accumulation were recorded in 25 mM
foliar silicone application under 50 mM NaCl stress. In these conditions,
rebaudioside-A and stevioside contents were 112 and 26% higher than control,
respectively. It could be concluded that the application of silicon
significantly enhanced the plants ability to withstand salt stress conditions
through increased silicon content, increased steviol glycoside production.
Silicon application could therefore improve crop production under salt stress.
Development of the impact investing ecosystem in Ukraine
Authors: Bukharina Liudmyla , Onyshchenko Oksana
Published: September 2019

The impact investing ecosystem is currently in its infancy in Ukraine. The aim of the paper is to identify the problems of impact investing development in Ukraine and to propose the ways to develop the ecosystem of social investment in the country. In the course of the research, general scientific methods of analysis were used: formal, logical, and comparative. Results of the research suggest that theory and practice of state regulation in Ukraine still lack the conceptualized mechanisms of impact investing and the corresponding institutional environment. On the other hand, there is a high level of interest and engagement in it from both the public and potential and current investors. The data obtained prove the importance of civil society cooperation in creating a favorable ecosystem of impact investing to maximize its integration into the economy. The development of impact investing ecosystem in Ukraine depends on certain socio-economic and legal barriers at an initial stage such as: low level of public understanding about the problem, absence of clear legal regulation and uncertainty of the “rules of the game” at the legislative level, openness and publicity of enterprises, which is not a characteristic feature of the economic environment in the country today. Furthermore, effective directions and mechanisms for development of the impact investing ecosystem are proposed.
Palyatif Bakım Eğitimlerinin Sürdürülebilirliği
Authors: Akalın Betül , Modanlıoğlu Ayşenur
Published: September 2019

Çalışmada Palyatif bakım ünitesinde yatmakta olan hasta refakatçilerine
verilen palyatif bakım eğitimlerinin evde bakım sürecindeki devamlılık
durumlarının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. 01.09/31.11.2018 tarihleri arasında ünitede
yatan 258 hastanın taburculuk tarihini takiben üç ayın sonundaki verileri
çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.  Veri toplama
aracı olarak oluşturulan soru formundaki bilgilerin toplanmasında hastane
kayıtları ve hasta/hasta yakınları ile yapılan telefon görüşmeleri kullanılmıştır.  Ortalama yaşın 77.29±13.64, palyatif bakım
ünitesindeki yatış gün sayısı ise 21.37±25,86 olarak belirlendiği çalışmada 116
(%44,97) hastanın vefat ettiği, 70 (%27,13) hastaya iletişim verilerindeki
eksik/ hata nedeniyle ulaşılamadığı 72 (%27,90) hastanın ise evde bakım
sürecine devam ettiği saptanmıştır. Bu hastaların 60 (83,33) ‘ı palyatif bakım
sürecinde eğitim aldıklarını 50 (83,33)’ si bu eğitimi evde bakım sürecinde
kullandıklarını ve Palyatif bakım eğitiminden %90 oranında memnun oldukları
belirtmişlerdir. Palyatif Bakım sürecinde hastaya refakat eden kişinin yakınlık
durumu hastane otamasyon sistemine kaydı yapılmış 244 (%94,57) hasta verisinden
elde edilebilmiş olup yatan 175 (%71,72) hastaya akrabalık bağı olan, 69
(%28,27) hastaya ise bakıcı olarak çalışan kişilerin refakat ettiği bulgusuna
ulaşılmıştır. Evde bakım süreci geçiren tüm (ex ve yaşayan) hastalara ilişkin refakatçi
bilgisi, konuşmak istememe, bilgisizlik, kurum ve çalışanlara tepki, yas süreci
gibi nedenlerle 93 (%88,57), hastanede refakatçilik yapan kişinin evde bakım
sürecine devamlılığı bilgisi ise 95 (90,47) hasta yakınından elde edilebilmiştir.
Bu hastaların evde bakımı akrabalık bağı olan (eş, kızı, oğul, anne, gelin,
enişte v.b) 48 (%51,61), bakıcı olarak 45 (%48,38) kişi tarafından sağlandığı
bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Hastanede hasta refakatçisi olarak bulunup evde bakım sürecinde
de devam eden kişilerin 78 (%82,11)’nin aynı kişi, 17 (%17,89)' sinin ise
farklı kişiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak taburculuklarından üç ay sonra hastaların %44,97
oranında vefat ettiği, yatış sürecinde palyatif bakım eğitimi alan bireylerin,
evde bakım sürecinde de %82,11 oranında aynı kişi olarak bakım devamlılığı
sağladığı, %83,33 oranında aldıkları eğitimi evde kullandıklarını ve %90
oranında aldıkları eğitimden memnun kaldıkları ve bu sebeple etkili eğitimin
karşılığının bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı
The Relationship Between the Serotonin Metabolism, Gut-Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Stasi Cristina , Sadalla Sinan , Milani Stefano
Published: September 2019

Background::

Serotonin (5-HT) has a pleiotropic function in gastrointestinal, neurological/psychiatric and liver diseases. The aim of this review was to elucidate whether the gut-microbiota played a critical role in regulating peripheral serotonin levels.

Methods::

We searched for relevant studies published in English using the PubMed database from 1993 to the present.

Results: :

Several studies suggested that alterations in the gut-microbiota may contribute to a modulation of serotonin signalling. The first indication regarded the changes in the composition of the commensal bacteria and the intestinal transit time caused by antibiotic treatment. The second indication regarded the changes in serotonin levels correlated to specific bacteria. The third indication regarded the fact that decreased serotonin transporter expression was associated with a shift in gut-microbiota from homeostasis to inflammatory type microbiota. Serotonin plays a key role in the regulation of visceral pain, secretion, and initiation of the peristaltic reflex; however, its altered levels are also detected in many different psychiatric disorders. Symptoms of some gastrointestinal functional disorders may be due to deregulation in central nervous system activity, dysregulation at the peripheral level (intestine), or a combination of both (brain-gut axis) by means of neuro-endocrine-immune stimuli. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the profibrogenic role of 5-HT in the liver, showing that it works synergistically with platelet-derived growth factor in stimulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation.

Conclusion::

Although the specific interaction mechanisms are still unclear, some studies have suggested that there is a correlation between the gut-microbiota, some gastrointestinal and liver diseases and the serotonin metabolism.
Bioinformatics Approaches for Anti-cancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Li Kening , Du Yuxin , Li Lu , Wei Dong-Qing
Published: September 2019

Drug discovery is important in cancer therapy and precision medicines. Traditional approaches
of drug discovery are mainly based on in vivo animal experiments and in vitro drug screening,
but these methods are usually expensive and laborious. In the last decade, omics data explosion
provides an opportunity for computational prediction of anti-cancer drugs, improving the efficiency of
drug discovery. High-throughput transcriptome data were widely used in biomarkers’ identification
and drug prediction by integrating with drug-response data. Moreover, biological network theory and
methodology were also successfully applied to the anti-cancer drug discovery, such as studies based
on protein-protein interaction network, drug-target network and disease-gene network. In this review,
we summarized and discussed the bioinformatics approaches for predicting anti-cancer drugs and drug
combinations based on the multi-omic data, including transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, functional genomics
and biological network. We believe that the general overview of available databases and current
computational methods will be helpful for the development of novel cancer therapy strategies.
Candida auris and Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Dahiya Sweety , Chhillar Anil K. , Sharma Namita , Choudhary Pooja , Punia Aruna , Balhara Meenakshi , Kaushik Kumar , Parmar Virinder S.
Published: September 2019

The existence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic fungus, Candida auris came to
light in 2009. This particular organism is capable of causing nosocomial infections in immunecompromised
persons. This pathogen is associated with consistent candidemia with high mortality rate
and presents a serious global health threat. Whole genome sequence (WGS) investigation detected
powerful phylogeographic Candida auris genotypes which are specialized to particular geological areas
indicating dissemination of particular genotype among provinces. Furthermore, this organism frequently
exhibits multidrug-resistance and displays an unusual sensitivity profile. Identification techniques
that are commercialized to test Candida auris often show inconsistent results and this misidentification
leads to treatment failure which complicates the management of candidiasis. Till date, Candida
auris has been progressively recorded from several countries and therefore its preventive control
measures are paramount to interrupt its transmission. In this review, we discussed prevalence, biology,
drug-resistance phenomena, virulence factors and management of Candida auris infections.
Identifying Alzheimer’s Disease-related miRNA Based on Semi-clustering
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Wang Donghua , Hu Yang , Zhang Ningyi , Zang Tianyi , Wang Yadong
Published: September 2019

Background:

More and more scholars are trying to use it as a specific biomarker for Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multiple studies have indicated that
miRNAs are associated with poor axonal growth and loss of synaptic structures, both of which are early
events in AD. The overall loss of miRNA may be associated with aging, increasing the incidence of
AD, and may also be involved in the disease through some specific molecular mechanisms.

Objective:

Identifying Alzheimer’s disease-related miRNA can help us find new drug targets, early
diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

We used genes as a bridge to connect AD and miRNAs. Firstly, proteinprotein
interaction network is used to find more AD-related genes by known AD-related genes. Then,
each miRNA’s correlation with these genes is obtained by miRNA-gene interaction. Finally, each
miRNA could get a feature vector representing its correlation with AD. Unlike other studies, we do not
generate negative samples randomly with using classification method to identify AD-related miRNAs.
Here we use a semi-clustering method ‘one-class SVM’. AD-related miRNAs are considered as outliers
and our aim is to identify the miRNAs that are similar to known AD-related miRNAs (outliers).

Results and Conclusion:

We identified 257 novel AD-related miRNAs and compare our method with
SVM which is applied by generating negative samples. The AUC of our method is much higher than
SVM and we did case studies to prove that our results are reliable.
Identification of the Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Synergistic Neurotoxicity of an HIV Protease Inhibitor and Methamphetamine
Authors: Li Sangsang , Li Yanfei , Deng Bingpeng , Yan Jie , Wang Yong
Published: September 2019

Background:

The abuse of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (METH) is
common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) patients taking METH and antiretroviral drugs could suffer severe neurologic
damage and cognitive impairment.

Objective:

To reveal the underlying neuropathologic mechanisms of an HIV protease inhibitor (PI)
combined with METH, growth-inhibition tests of dopaminergic cells and RNA sequencing were performed.

Methods:

A combination of METH and PI caused more growth inhibition of dopaminergic cells
than METH alone or a PI alone. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed gene (DEG) patterns
in the METH vs. untreated cells (1161 genes), PI vs. untreated cells (16 genes), METH-PI vs.
PI (3959 genes), and METH-PI vs. METH groups (14 genes).

Results:

The DEGs in the METH-PI co-treatment group were verified in the brains of a mouse
model using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were involved mostly in the regulatory functions
of cell proliferation and inflammation.

Conclusion:

Such identification of key regulatory genes could facilitate the study of their neuroprotective
potential in the users of METH and PIs.
Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Core Extract and Luteolin Compound
Authors: Vrianty Dela , Qodariah Rismawati Laila , Widowati Wahyu , Sinaga Ade Putra Fratama , Fibrina Dewi , Fachrial Edy , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich
Published: September 2019

Free radicals and UV exposure can cause aging. Aging prevention needs substances that can prevent molecular oxidation reactions in cells and inhibit the activity of enzymes that trigger aging. Research on pineapple skin and flesh extract (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) reported the presence of luteolin compound which functions as antioxidants and antityrosinase. However, in this study, the object used was pineapple core extract (PCE), which has not been widely known for its antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the content of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase enzymes by PCE and then compared with the luteolin (LT) compound test results using Fansworth method, DPPH scavenging activity assay and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition assay. Based on the study results, the phytochemical compounds contained in PCE were tannins and triterpenoids.Â  PCE and LT produced the highest DPPH scavenging activity, which was 64.86% and 59.32% (final concentration 200Î¼g/ml and 6.25Î¼g/ml) and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity, which was 60.52% and 85.02% (final concentration 100 Î¼g/ml). Antioxidant activity was determined based on IC50 of 87.46Âµg/mL and 4.17 Âµg/ml respectively. IC50 tyrosinase enzyme inhibition EBN and LT respectively at 62.27Âµg/ml and 5.25 Âµg/ml. Antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging test and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity by PCE was lower than LT.
Valuable Genomes: Taxonomy and Archetypes of Business Models in Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing
Authors: Thiebes Scott , Toussaint Philipp A , Ju Jaehyeon , Ahn Jae-Hyeon , Lyytinen Kalle , Sunyaev Ali
Published: September 2019

Background

Recent progress in genome data collection and analysis technologies has led to a surge of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing services. Owing to the clinical value and sensitivity of genomic data, as well as uncertainty and hearsay surrounding business practices of DTC genetic testing service providers, DTC genetic testing has faced significant criticism by researchers and practitioners. Research in this area has centered on ethical and legal implications of providing genetic tests directly to consumers, but we still lack a more profound understanding of how businesses in the DTC genetic testing markets work and provide value to different stakeholders.

Objective

The aim of this study was to address the lack of knowledge concerning business models of DTC genetic testing services by systematically identifying the salient properties of various DTC genetic testing service business models as well as discerning dominant business models in the market.

Methods

We employed a 3-phased research approach. In phase 1, we set up a database of 277 DTC genetic testing services. In phase 2, we drew on these data as well as conceptual models of DTC genetic testing services and iteratively developed a taxonomy of DTC genetic testing service business models. In phase 3, we used a 2-stage clustering method to cluster the 277 services that we identified during phase 1 and derived 6 dominant archetypes of DTC genetic testing service business models.

Results

The contributions of this research are 2-fold. First, we provided a first of its kind, systematically developed taxonomy of DTC genetic testing service business models consisting of 15 dimensions in 4 categories. Each dimension comprises 2 to 5 characteristics and captures relevant aspects of DTC genetic testing service business models. Second, we derived 6 archetypes of DTC genetic testing service business models named as follows: (1) low-cost DTC genomics for enthusiasts, (2) high-privacy DTC genomics for enthusiasts, (3) specific information tests, (4) simple health tests, (5) basic low-value DTC genomics, and (6) comprehensive tests and low data processing.

Conclusions

Our analysis paints a much more complex business landscape in the DTC genetic testing market than previously anticipated. This calls for further research on business models and their effects that underlie DTC genetic testing services and invites specific regulatory interventions to protect consumers and level the playing field.
El crepúsculo del humanismo
Authors: Concha Miguel
Published: September 2019

En el marco de la discusión sobre la crisis de la modernidad, se hace una crítica a la interpretación sobre la cultura de la modernidad y la posmodernidad europea que realiza el Dr. Juan Bautista Metz, representante de la teología política europea, y a las alternativas de solución que ofrece desde el punto de vista filosófico, cultural y cristiano. Presenta, enseguida, las grandes líneas de la crítica a la modernidad que, en un horizonte histórico, defiende el Dr. Gustavo Gutiérrez, participante de la teología latinoamericana de la liberación. Concluye afirmando que la única salida de esta crisis es recuperar la memoria subversiva de Dios y, con ello, la búsqueda de la igualdad y la justicia para todos.
Barba Jacob el hechizado
Authors: Guillén Fedro
Published: September 2019

Juicio estético de la obra y relato del drama personal de Porfirio Barba Jacob, poeta colombiano. Visión, desde distintos ángulos, del poeta aferrado al maderamen del tiempo, como un náufrago.
Reinventar la ciudad y su región
Authors: Delgado Javier
Published: September 2019

Ensayo sobre las modificaciones recientes en el patrón territorial de las ciudades y las regiones en México. El análisis se basa en una hipótesis central que tiene dos vertientes: la urbanización de la crisis, ligada a la modalidad del crecimiento; y la urbanización de la modernidad, que explica los efectos en el territorio a partir de la política económica. Incluye bibliografía.
Notas sobre la concepción de sociedad civil en Hegel y Gramsci
Authors: Hernández Arteaga Laura
Published: September 2019

A partir de los planteamientos vertidos al respecto por Hegel y Gramsci, se hace una revaloración de la importancia del concepto de “sociedad civil" en la filosofía política, considerando dos puntos básicos: la composición y características de la sociedad civil, y su relación con el Estado. Se señala que Hegel fue el primero que reflexionó y problematizó de manera más acabada sobre la versión moderna de sociedad civil; mientras que Gramsci, en la vertiente del pensamiento marxiano, considera a la sociedad civil como una superestructura en la que confluyen multiplicidad de instituciones.
La pax canadiense
Authors: Rosas González María Cristina
Published: September 2019

Reseña de los libros de David Crane, The Next Canadian Century. Building a Competitive Economy, Toronto, Stoddart, 1992, 302 pp.; y de John Crispo, Making Cañada Work. Competing in the Global Economy, Toronto, Random House, 1992,210 pp.
Vistas que no se ven: El cine mexicano anterior a la revolución
Authors: Leal y Fernández Juan Felipe
Published: September 2019

El estudio de los primeros tiempos (1896 a 1910) de la industria fílmica en México tropieza con la imposibilidad de ver las películas, ya que si bien se rodaron en esa época 326 cintas, sólo se conservan alrededor de cincuenta. No obstante, se intenta aquí un boceto de los orígenes del cine mexicano (sus características, géneros y técnicas) acompañado del relato de las dificultades que debieron de ser superadas pata elaborarlo.
Comunicación y democracia: la utopía social de J. Habermas
Authors: Farfán Rafael
Published: September 2019

A partir de autores como N. Bobbio y G. Sartori, el autor reflexiona en tomo a la crisis de los fundamentos éticos de la democracia liberal —procedimental, pragmática, y vinculada a la economía de mercado— para, posteriormente, explorar en la utopía social de la comunicación de J. Habermas un sistema ideal opuesto al liberal y desde el cual poder fundamentar la democracia realista. La redimensionalización de la democracia permitiría articular un proyecto político basado en la participación de la sociedad civil y no en el ideal prevaleciente del individualismo posesivo. El conflicto de ideales que subyace a esta posibilidad es el que aparece en la oposición que se da entre mercado y comunicación y se resume en el futuro de la utopía frente a la desilusión, alimentada por el idealismo individualista de la democracia liberal.
Comisiones Dictaminadoras
Authors: Nombre Sin
Published: September 2019

-
La democracia y el imperio de la ley en América Latina
Authors: Anglade Christian
Published: September 2019

Anglade se introduce en el debate entre democracia de procedimientos y democracia sustantiva, sosteniendo que, en última instancia, la democracia no se limita a los primeros sino que se constituye con contenidos (derechos) civiles, políticos y socioeconómicos; obligaciones y responsabilidad política. A partir de estos argumentos realiza una revisión del estado de la democracia en América Latina apuntando los logros y limitaciones de los diferentes países en la construcción de regímenes democráticos.
¿Cómo enfrentar los déficit sociales de América Latina? Acerca de mitos, ideas renovadoras y el papel de la cultura
Authors: Kliksberg Bernardo
Published: September 2019

La situación social actual en América Latina se caracteriza no sólo por déficits estrictamente económicos, sino también, y como consecuencia de los primeros, por déficits en áreas clave vinculadas con la vida cotidiana de la mayoría de la población. El aumento en la magnitud y profundidad de los procesos de pauperización en la región se ha intensificado en la última década resultando en una serie de círculos viciosos sociales y económicos (crecimiento relativo y absoluto de la pobreza que afecta con especial énfasis al sector infantil; la creciente feminización de la pobreza; incremento en índices delictivos, etcétera) que implican a las políticas públicas emprendidas con vistas a, paradójicamente, solucionar los problemas, a este panorama han contribuido algunos mitos que reconstruye el autor como la teoría del derrame, la perspectiva reduccionista del desarrollo, la concepción de gasto social y no de inversión social, entre otros.
 Este trabajo se propone llamar la atención acerca de la necesidad de abrir y explorar sistemáticamente las vinculaciones entre situación social/respuestas posibles/marcos culturales. Su objetivo está limitado a presentar el tema para invitar a su indagación detallada. Para ello se trazará un perfil sumario de la situación social de la región; se identificarán los mitos bloqueadores de la superación de los problemas y, por último, se señalarán líneas de trabajo sobre posibles aportes desde lo cultura] para la comprensión de la problemática social.
La internacionalización de la educación superior
Authors: UNESCO .
Published: September 2019

Éste es un fragmento del “Documento de política para el cambio y el desarrollo en la educación superior”, elaborado por la UNESCO.
La UNAM: ¿la última huelga del siglo?
Authors: Zurita Rivera Úrsula
Published: September 2019

Reseña del libro de Hortensia Moreno y Carlos Amador, UNAM: la huelga del fin del mundo. Voces para un diálogo aplazado. Entrevistas y documentos, México, Planeta, 1999, 479 pp.
Crítica al Informe del Grupo sobre las Operaciones de Paz de las Naciones Unidas (Informe Brahimi)
Authors: Rosas María Cristina
Published: September 2019

-
La ciudadanía neoliberal
Authors: Hindess Barry
Published: September 2019

La discusión académica sobre la ciudadanía se enfoca principalmente en el ciudadano en relación con el estado particular al que pertenece. Desde esta perspectiva, el enfoque moderno sobre la ciudadanía, en los estados occidentales y en cada uno de manera general, es visto usualmente como un avance definitivo en el bienestar de la humanidad, como una vuelta a los privilegios de unos pocos en los derechos de muchos. Para una comprensión del impacto de la ciudadanía en el mundo, este artículo sostiene que debe considerarse no sólo su papel unificador de los miembros de subpoblaciones particulares y como promotor de algunos de sus intereses, sino también sus efectos de gobernabilidad en la población global al dividirla en subpoblaciones conformándolos en ciudadanos de estados discretos, políticamente independientes y competitivos.
Indigenismo legal: la política indigenista de los noventa
Authors: Saldívar Emiko
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se discute el papel que tuvo el Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI) en la promoción de los derechos indígenas. Asimismo, se analiza de qué forma los discursos neoliberales sobre derechos indígenas formaron parte de una política social que acabó por reemplazar los programas de asistencia por un énfasis en la legalidad y la democracia. La autora sostiene que, al hacer esto, se redefinió el papel de los indígenas que pasaron de ser clientes a ser ciudadanos.