bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new two-dimensional folding sheet-like coordination polymer assembled from cadmium(II) and (S)-2-(benzylamino)succinic acid: synthesis, structure and properties
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Hong-Tao
Published: November 2021

A new two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer, namely, poly[[diaqua[μ3-(S)-2-(benzylamino)succinato-κ4
N,O
1:O
1′:O
4]cadmium(II)] monohydrate], {[Cd(C11H11NO4)(H2O)2]·H2O}
n
, has been synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O with the synthesized ligand (S)-2-(benzylamino)succinic acid (H2
L). The title compound has been structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the crystal structure, each CdII cation binds to three carboxylate groups from three symmetry-related L
2− dianions. The tetradentate L
2− ligand links three symmetry-related CdII cations into a 2D folding sheet, which can be simplified as a uninodal (3,3)-connected hcb net with the point symbol (63). In the lattice, all the folding sheets are arranged in an interdigitated fashion and aggregate into zipper-like arrays through interlayer π–π interactions. The large and nonpolar side chain may play an important role in the formation and aggregation of the 2D sheet. The thermal stability and photoluminescence properties of the title compound were investigated, and it exhibits a blue emission with a quantum yield of 8%.
Tris[triphenylantimony(V)]hexa(μ-oxido)tellurium(VI): a molecular complex with six Te—O—Sb bridges
Authors: Domasevitch Kostiantyn V. , Senchyk Ganna A.
Published: November 2021

In the structure of the title compound [systematic name hexa-μ-oxido-1:2κ4
O:O;1:3κ4
O:O;1:4κ4
O:O-nonaphenyl-2κ3
C,3κ3
C,4κ3
C-triantimony(V)tellurium(VI)], [Sb3Te(C6H5)9O6], the hexaoxidotellurate(VI) ion is coordinated to three SbV ions via pairs of cis-positioned O atoms to form a discrete molecular unit. The TeVI and SbV central ions exhibit distorted octahedral [TeO6] and distorted trigonal–bipyramidal [SbC3O2] coordination geometries, respectively. The linking of these polyhedra, by sharing the dioxide edges, results in the Te-based octahedron having a mer-configuration. The packing of the molecules is dominated by C—H...O hydrogen bonding and weak dispersion forces, with a minor contribution from C—H...π bonds and π–π stacking interactions. According to the Hirshfeld surface analysis, the contributions of the H...H, H...C/C...H and H...O/O...H contacts are 58.0, 32.6 and 7.8%, respectively. The title structure provides a model for the bonding of triorganoantimony dications to octahedral oxoanions, and the observed doubly bridged motifs, Te(μ-O)2Sb, may find application in the functionalization of polyoxometalate species.
Gaussian exponential regression method for modeling open circuit voltage of lithium-ion battery as a function of state of charge
Authors: Vyas Ujjval B. , Shah Varsha A. , P.K. Athul Vijay , Patel Nikunj R.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the article is to develop an equation to accurately represent OCV as a function of SoC with reduced computational burden. Dependency of open circuit voltage (OCV) on state of charge (SoC) is often represented by either a look-up table or an equation developed by regression analysis. The accuracy is increased by either a larger data set for the look-up table or using a higher order equation for the regression analysis. Both of them increase the memory requirement in the controller. In this paper, Gaussian exponential regression methodology is proposed to represent OCV and SoC relationships accurately, with reduced memory requirement.

Design/methodology/approach

Incremental OCV test under constant temperature provides a data set of OCV and SoC. This data set is subjected to polynomial, Gaussian and the proposed Gaussian exponential equations. The unknown coefficients of these equations are obtained by least residual algorithm and differential evolution–based fitting algorithms for charging, discharging and average OCV.

Findings

Root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed equation for differential evolution–based fitting technique is 35% less than second-order Gaussian and 74% less than a fifth-order polynomial equation for average OCV with a 16.66% reduction in number of coefficients, thereby reducing memory requirement.

Originality/value

The knee structure in the OCV and SoC relationship is accurately represented by Gaussian first-order equation, and the exponential equation can accurately describe the linear relation. Therefore, this paper proposes a Gaussian exponential equation that accurately represents the OCV as a function of SoC. The results obtained from the proposed regression methodology are compared with the polynomial and Gaussian regression in terms of RMSE, mean average, variance and number of coefficients.
An examination of comparative perspectives on international internships
Authors: Kattiyapornpong Uraiporn , Almeida Shamika
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Work integrated learning (WIL) activities, especially internships, are essential for career preparation and development. This paper applies career adaptability and capital theories to examine how international internships help undergraduate business students in their career exploration, preparation and development.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used data from 20 interviews, including 15 undergraduate business students from two universities in Australia and Thailand who undertook internships in Asian countries, three internship administrators across two universities, and two overseas internship partners. Thematic-based analysis using the Nvivo program and duoethnographic reflections of the internship coordinators in Australia was applied for data analysis.

Findings

The data analysis indicates that international internship experiences facilitate students to become culturally savvy, build their international professional networks, enhance the level of self-perceived competency and cultivate a globalised career adaptability perspective.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to theory-building within the WIL literature, international internship experiences, students’ career adaptability and capital.

Practical implications

Although international internship opportunities are available to students, few students are willing to challenge themselves in a foreign setting. The study’s insights provide a better understanding of how university administrators could set up a task force of academics and professional staff to consider a cohesive resourcing structure for the long-term sustainability of the international internship programs.

Originality/value

This study highlights how the international internships enhanced students’ globalised social, cultural and human capital and their ability to adapt to culturally diverse business contexts. The international internship experience can also increase student’s confidence to enter the global labour market and seek opportunities beyond their original country of residence.
Public policy measures for COVID-19 crisis management: lessons from the UAE
Authors: Sahu Mrutuyanjaya
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the fragility of government institutions and prompted a broad range of policy measures from governments around the world. Policy responses to the pandemic have varied considerably, both in nature and in success. This paper highlights the policy capacities of the UAE in different areas that have contributed to managing the COVID-19 crisis. Specifically, the paper examines the functional capacity, analytical capacity, fiscal capacity, well-timed information-sharing capacity and political capacity of the UAE in addressing the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The study on which this paper was based adopted a mixed-method approach to analyze policy capacities. The trajectory and timeframe of COVID-19 from February 2020 to February 2021 were observed intensively and included in the policy capacity analysis. The secondary dataset was collected from several sources and assessed using rapid content analysis to highlight the formal and institutional policy measures implemented during the crisis. To complement the policy analysis and understand the key role of policymakers, semi-structured interviews were conducted with local officials working in various line departments that formulate and implement policy strategies for the UAE government.

Findings

The findings of the study showed that although COVID-19 has severely impacted the UAE, the nation has effectively controlled the spread of the virus and reduced its mortality rate. The UAE government has taken swift policy actions concerning coercive control and mitigation based on a centralized decision-making style, the strengthening of administrative capacity by collaboration, coordination with different departments, successful communication with residents, the allocation of adequate financial resources and a high level of trust in the government by citizens.

Originality/value

This work contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the policy capacity approach to managing the crisis. The UAE case can be used by policymakers as comparative studies of policy designs, tools and capabilities that can be implemented to manage future pandemics and other crises.
“It's not just parties, it's so much more”: student perceptions of the credibility of UK events management degrees
Authors: Fletcher Thomas , Ormerod Neil , Dashper Katherine , Musgrave James , Bradley Andrew , Marvell Alan
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This article explores (1) student perceptions and understanding of Events Management; (2) how Events Management is positioned by different UK Higher Education providers through their online marketing; and (3) the perceived value of an Events Management degree among students.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods approach, combining an online student questionnaire (n = 524), semi-structured interviews with current first year Events Management students (n = 24) at two UK universities, and website analysis of all Events Management degrees offered in the UK.

Findings

Students demonstrate a lack of knowledge about what Events Management is, what a career in Events Management might entail and the perceived value of an Events Management degree. This suggests the need to reposition Events Management degrees within a broader applied management base. Current course marketing presents a narrow view of Events Management degrees and the narrow vocationally-laden narrative undersells and “over-vocationalises” the subject.

Practical implications

Understanding student perceptions better will help universities market Events Management degrees more effectively and will benefit broader efforts to illustrate the value and credibility of it as a degree subject choice and career. More balanced presentation between the practical and non-practical aspects of the courses in university marketing may help reposition Events Management alongside more readily understood vocational subjects.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine student perceptions over the credibility of Events Management degrees. It also addresses Park and Park's (2017) observation that reviews of Events Management education and curricula are conspicuously absent from Hospitality and Tourism journals.
Smart circular supply chains to achieving SDGs for post-pandemic preparedness
Authors: Kayikci Yasanur , Kazancoglu Yigit , Lafci Cisem , Gozacan-Chase Nazlican , Mangla Sachin Kumar
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created heavy pressure on firms, by increasing the challenges and disruptions that they have to deal with on being sustainable. For this purpose, it is aimed to reveal the role of the smart circular supply chain (SCSC) and its enablers towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for post-pandemic preparedness.

Design/methodology/approach

Total interpretive structural modelling and Matrice d'Impacts Croises Multipication Applique' a un Classement (MICMAC) have been applied to analyse the SCSC enablers which are supported by the natural-based resource view in Turkey's food industry. In this context, industry experts working in the food supply chain (meat sector) and academics came together to interpret the result and discuss the enablers that the supply chain experienced during the pandemic for creating a realistic framework for post-pandemic preparedness.

Findings

The results of this study show that “governmental support” and “top management involvement” are the enablers that have the most driving power on other enablers, however, none of them depend on any other enablers.

Originality/value

The identification of the impact and role of enablers in achieving SDGs by combining smart and circular capabilities in the supply chain for the post-pandemic.
Comparative characterisation of ghee from Indian camel breeds using GC‐MS and FTIR techniques
Authors: Deshwal Gaurav Kr , Singh Richa , Singh Ashish Kumar , Kumar Devendra , Sharma Heena
Published: November 2021

This work explored the differences in the fatty acid profile and physico‐chemical composition of ghee prepared from the milk of different camel breeds using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Bikaneri ghee was observed to contain 11 individual fatty acids. Chemometric analysis identified the breed‐specific differences among various groups. The higher concentration of medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids along with fatty acid indices (n‐3/n‐6 ratio, Atherogenic index and Thrombogenic index) in Kachchi ghee established its superiority in terms of nutritional values. Correlation network indicated the strong interdependence of different fatty acids with similar physiological and molecular characteristics, while positions of transmittance peaks confirmed significant differences in the fatty acids.
Opioid overdose deaths and the expansion of opioid agonist treatment: a population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Rogeberg Ole , Bergsvik Daniel , Clausen Thomas
Published: November 2021

Background and aim

Effective policies to reduce drug‐related overdoses remain a public health priority. We aimed to estimate the causal effects of a national opioid agonist treatment (OAT) program on population level drug fatalities.

Design

Population‐based prospective cohort study exploiting supply driven variation in treatment uptake across cohort‐age groups generated by the introduction and scale‐up of a national OAT program. A Poisson difference‐in‐differences model with an intention‐to‐treat design was used to assess how treatment uptake altered the age profile of risks and infer treatment effects on drug fatalities.

Setting

Norway, from 1996 through 2016.

Cases

The data include a total of 5634 drug‐related overdose deaths and cover the introduction of the Norwegian OAT program in 1998 and its initial growth period, reaching 12 286 ever‐treated recipients by 2016.

Measurements

Fatal opioid‐related overdoses were defined as deaths with a primary cause assigned an International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD‐10) code F11, or X42, X44, X62 or X64 in combination with T40.0–T40.4. Other non‐opioid related fatal overdoses were defined by a primary cause registered as F12, F14, F15, F16 or F19, or X42, X44, X62 or 64 in combination with T40.5–T40.9.

Findings

An additional 887 deaths (95% credibility interval [CI] = 265–1563) would have been expected in the absence of OAT, which implies one death avoided per 111 (95% CI = 61–342) treatment‐exposed person‐years. At scale, the program reduced annual overdose mortality by 27% in 2016 (95% CI = 10%–41%) relative to a no‐OAT counterfactual, corresponding to 99 fewer expected fatal overdoses (95% CI = 28–180) in 2016. Analysing fatal opioid‐related and other drug overdoses separately found similar numbers for avoided opioid‐related fatalities (921, with 95% CI = 373–1526) and no treatment effects on non‐opioid related fatalities (−38, with 95% CI = −193–154).

Conclusion

The introduction and rapid scale‐up of a national opioid agonist treatment program in Norway was associated with substantial and plausibly causal reductions in drug fatalities.
Detailed knowledge of maternal and infant factors and human milk composition could inform recommendations for optimal composition
Authors: Demmelmair Hans , Koletzko Berthold
Published: November 2021

Breastfeeding is best for infants, but quantitative associations between specific milk components and infant biomarkers remain unclear. Methodological limitations include missing milk volume intake, variable milk composition and that standardised, fasted state blood sampling is impossible in infants. Milk protein and fat content appear marginally related to infant serum amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, with some association between milk fatty acid composition and lipid species levels.

Conclusion

Detailed simultaneous examinations of maternal factors, milk composition and infant biomarkers or outcomes could identify the mechanistic basis of human milk effects and help develop dietary recommendations for optimal human milk composition.
The effect of web‐based intervention programs on self‐management and symptom management in patients with lymphoma: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sezgin Merve Gozde , Bektas Hicran
Published: November 2021

Aim

This systematic review aimed to systematically summarize studies obtained through a database search and examine the effect of web‐based intervention programs on self‐management and symptom management in patients with lymphoma.

Methods

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was carried out. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Ovid databases were reviewed until January 2021. The flow chart of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis checklist was used in the search procedure without setting a year limit. Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study criteria were determined by two independent investigators and published randomized controlled studies in English with lymphoma diagnosis and web‐based intervention programs for self‐management and symptom management were included in the systematic review. The included studies were examined for their risk of bias with the help of the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A narrative synthesis of study findings was performed.

Results

Six randomized controlled trials with 2382 participants were included in the systematic review. Web‐based intervention programs in patients diagnosed with lymphoma were found to be generally implemented for determining the levels of self‐management and symptom management. In all of the studies reviewed, it was found that the interventions had treatment outcomes. The risk of Bias 2 was evaluated as high risk in two studies that did not meet the criteria for blinding outcome evaluations. The included studies, while evaluating the effects of web‐based intervention programs on patient outcomes, could not provide information about the underlying mechanisms by which these effects occur and how they occur.

Conclusions

All of the studies included were found to apply a technology designed to improve outcomes in patients with lymphoma. It is recommended that web‐based intervention programs be individualized by adapting them to lymphoma types and stages, and serve as a guide for effective symptom management.
Prevalence and description of dental disorders in skulls of free‐living wild primates from Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Przydzimirski Andreise Costa , Correia Alaina Maria , Scalise Vanessa Penteriche , Martini Rafaella , Maciel José Vinicius Bolognesi , Lange Rogério Ribas
Published: November 2021

Background

Non‐human primates can present oral diseases. However, differences among the dentition of the various species make it difficult to understand their dental features and associated diseases. This research hypothesizes that the prevalence of dental disorders varies in the species studied according to distinct types of diet.

Methods

Forty‐five syncraniums of the species Alouatta caraya, Alouatta guariba clamitans, Sapajus nigritus, Callithrix jacchus, and Callithrix penicillata were evaluated by visual inspection, magnifying glasses, and on cone‐beam computed tomography.

Results

Disorders identified consisted of missing teeth before death, agenesis, dental calculus, dental wear, dental staining, dental fracture, exposure of pulp chamber, alveolar bone resorption, tooth discoloration, and persistence of deciduous teeth. Alouatta guariba clamitans presented the most disorders.

Conclusions

The results suggest that neotropical primates have a high prevalence of dental changes, even in free‐living conditions, and that the differences observed among them may be associated with different diet patterns.
Paternal incarceration and children's reading achievement: The role of maternal caregiving quality
Authors: Bridgewater Jessie M. , Yates Tuppett M.
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study examined early childhood paternal incarceration (PI; birth to Age 6) effects on children's elementary reading achievement (i.e., Ages 8–10) as mediated by mothers' supportive caregiving and moderated by child gender.

Background

Extant research on PI has primarily focused on child behavioral problems. However, less is known about specific relations between PI and academic achievement.

Method

Participants were drawn from an ongoing, longitudinal study of development using a subsample of 180 children and their maternal caregivers (51.5% female children; 48.9% Latinx; 26.7% experienced PI). Study variables were assessed using semi‐structured incarceration interviews, observational parenting tasks, and standardized achievement tests. A moderated mediation analysis evaluated the hypothesized model by child gender.

Results

PI predicted decreased maternal supportive caregiving, which, in turn, predicted lower reading achievement, even when family socioeconomic status, child ethnicity‐race, prior supportive caregiving, prior reading achievement, and maternal psychopathology were held constant. Further, a moderation analysis indicated that the relation between maternal supportive caregiving and reading achievement was moderated by child gender.

Conclusion

This investigation revealed a significant and negative indirect effect of early childhood PI on children's reading achievement via changes in maternal supportive caregiving. However, this indirect effect was significant for boys only.

Implications

These findings highlight the potential for interventions and resources that promote supportive maternal caregiving to mitigate the deleterious effects of PI on children's reading achievement, especially for boys.
Randomized, controlled trial comparingRhodococcus equiandpoly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine hyperimmune plasma to preventR equipneumonia in foals
Authors: Kahn Susanne K. , Cywes‐Bentley Colette , Blodgett Glenn P. , Canaday Nathan M. , Turner‐Garcia Carly E. , Flores‐Ahlschwede Patricia , Metcalfe Laurie L. , Nevill Mark , Vinacur Mariana , Sutter Patrick J. , Meyer Sarah C. , Bordin Angela I. , Pier Gerald B. , Cohen Noah D.
Published: November 2021

Background

Hyperimmune plasma raised against β‐1→6‐poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine (PNAG HIP) mediates more opsonophagocytic killing ofRhodococcus equi(R equi) than doesR equihyperimmune plasma (RE HIP) in vitro. The relative efficacy of PNAG HIP and RE HIP to protect foals againstR equipneumonia, however, has not been evaluated.

Hypothesis

Transfusion with PNAG HIP will be superior to RE HIP in foals for protection againstR equipneumonia in a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial.

Animals

Four hundred sixty Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred foals at 5 large breeding farms in the United States.

Methods

A randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial was conducted in which foals were transfused within 24 hours after birth with 2 L of either RE HIP or PNAG HIP. Study foals were monitored through weaning for clinical signs of pneumonia by farm veterinarians. The primary outcome was the proportion of foals that developed pneumonia after receiving each type of plasma.

Results

The proportion of foals that developed pneumonia was the same between foals transfused with RE HIP (14%; 32/228) and PNAG HIP (14%; 30/215).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Results indicate that PNAG HIP was not superior to a commercially available, United States Department of Agriculture‐licensed RE HIP product for protecting foals againstR equipneumonia under field conditions.
Prospective evaluation of 5 urinary biomarkers as predictors of acute kidney injury in nonazotemic, hospitalized dogs
Authors: Nivy Ran , Chaim Netanel , Hanael Erez , Sutton Gila Abells , Bruchim Yaron , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad
Published: November 2021

Background

Early recognition of acute kidney injury (AKI) is hindered by current definitions and use of traditional, insensitive markers.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Urinary (u) activity of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and concentrations of heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) and interleukins (ILs) ‐6 and ‐18, are predictive biomarkers for AKI and survival.

Animals

Nonazotemic, hospitalized dogs (n = 118) and healthy controls (n = 20).

Methods

A prospective observational study. Nonazotemic dogs at risk of AKI were recruited and their urinary biomarker concentrations were measured at presentation. Serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) were measured daily until discharge/death.

Results

The overall case fatality rate was 18.6%. Fifteen dogs (12.7%) developed AKI, which was associated with death (relative risk, 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐6.55). All 5 urinary biomarkers were significantly higher in hospitalized dogs compared to controls, with minimal overlap. uHSP70/uCr, uGGT/uCr, and uIL‐6/uCr at presentation were higher in dogs which later developed AKI. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) (95% CI) for the 3 biomarkers as predictors of AKI were 0.67 (0.51‐0.83), 0.68 (0.55‐0.81), and 0.78 (0.65‐0.91), respectively. When they were categorically classified as elevated/normal, each additional elevated biomarker increased the odds for AKI (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.23‐6.52,P = .01). Agreement between sCr and sSDMA was poor (Cohen's kappa = .071). The AUROC of SDMA at presentation for AKI prediction was 0.73 (0.51‐0.95).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Kidney injury was common, irrespective of subsequent worsening of azotemia or death. The predictive value of individual urinary biomarkers was reduced by moderate sensitivities and specificities. SDMA showed moderate discriminatory utility for AKI prediction, and often displayed discordant results with sCr.
Comprehensive characterization of purine and pyrimidine transport activities in Trichomonas vaginalis and functional cloning of a trichomonad nucleoside transporter
Authors: Natto Manal J. , Miyamoto Yukiko , Munday Jane C. , AlSiari Tahani A. , Al‐Salabi Mohammed I. , Quashie Neils B. , Eze Anthonius A. , Eckmann Lars , De Koning Harry P.
Published: November 2021

Trichomoniasis is a common and widespread sexually‐transmitted infection, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. T. vaginalis lacks the biosynthetic pathways for purines and pyrimidines, making nucleoside metabolism a drug target. Here we report the first comprehensive investigation into purine and pyrimidine uptake by T. vaginalis. Multiple carriers were identified and characterized with regard to substrate selectivity and affinity. For nucleobases, a high‐affinity adenine transporter, a possible guanine transporter and a low affinity uracil transporter were found. Nucleoside transporters included two high affinity adenosine/guanosine/uridine/cytidine transporters distinguished by different affinities to inosine, a lower affinity adenosine transporter, and a thymidine transporter. Nine Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter (ENT) genes were identified in the T. vaginalis genome. All were expressed equally in metronidazole‐resistant and ‐sensitive strains. Only TvagENT2 was significantly upregulated in the presence of extracellular purines; expression was not affected by co‐culture with human cervical epithelial cells. All TvagENTs were cloned and separately expressed in Trypanosoma brucei. We identified the main broad specificity nucleoside carrier, with high affinity for uridine and cytidine as well as purine nucleosides including inosine, as TvagENT3. The in‐depth characterization of purine and pyrimidine transporters provides a critical foundation for the development of new anti‐trichomonal nucleoside analogues.
Methodology and implementation of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)
Authors: Breda João , McColl Karen , Buoncristiano Marta , Williams Julianne , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya , Ahrens Wolfgang , Akhmedova Dilorom , Bakacs Márta , Boer Jolanda M.A. , Boymatova Khadichamo , Brinduse Lacramioara Aurelia , Cucu Alexandra , Duleva Vesselka , Endevelt Ronit , Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia , Fijałkowska Anna , Hadžiomeragić Aida Filipović , García‐Solano Marta , Grøholt Else Karin , Gualtieri Andrea , Hassapidou Maria , Hejgaard Tatjana , Hyska Jolanda , Kelleher Cecily C. , Kujundžić Enisa , Mäki Päivi , Markidou Ioannidou Eliza , Melkumova Marina , Moyersoen Isabelle , Milanović Sanja Musić , Nurk Eha , Ostojic Sergej M. , Peterkova Valentina , Petrauskienė Aušra , Pudule Iveta , Rito Ana Isabel , Russell Jonsson Kenisha , Rutter Harry , Salanave Benoît , Seyidov Nabil , Shengelia Lela , Silitrari Natalia , Spinelli Angela , Spiroski Igor , Starc Gregor , Stojisavljević Dragana , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Tichá Ľubica , Usupova Zhamilya , Weghuber Daniel , Yardim Nazan , Zamrazilová Hana , Zbanatskyi Vladyslav , Branca Francesco , Weber Martin , Rakovac Ivo
Published: November 2021

Establishment of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) has resulted in a surveillance system which provides regular, reliable, timely, and accurate data on children's weight status—through standardized measurement of bodyweight and height—in the WHO European Region. Additional data on dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family background, and school environments are collected in several countries. In total, 45 countries in the European Region have participated in COSI. The first five data collection rounds, between 2007 and 2021, yielded measured anthropometric data on over 1.3 million children. In COSI, data are collected according to a common protocol, using standardized instruments and procedures. The systematic collection and analysis of these data enables intercountry comparisons and reveals differences in the prevalence of childhood thinness, overweight, normal weight, and obesity between and within populations. Furthermore, it facilitates investigation of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and potential risk or protective factors and improves the understanding of the development of overweight and obesity in European primary‐school children in order to support appropriate and effective policy responses.
Upregulated circ_0002141 facilitates oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via the miR‐1231/EGFR axis
Authors: Wangzhou Kaixin , Lu Zishao , Lai Zhiying , Fu Wanren , Liu Cheng , Tan Yi , Hao Chunbo
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in the progression of various cancers. This study was aimed at expounding the role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0002141 in the OSCC progression.

Materials and Methods

Circ_0002141 expression was examined in 52 pairs of OSCC tissues and matched adjacent tissue samples by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay. After circ_0002141 was overexpressed or knocked down in OSCC cell lines, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were conducted to detect the changes in the growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis of OSCC cells. Western blot assay, qRT‐PCR and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were performed to clarify the interplay among circ_0002141, miR‐1231, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Results

Circ_0002141 expression was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0002141 overexpression markedly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells whereas reduced the apoptotic of OSCC cells. Also, circ_0002141 knockdown suppressed the malignant characteristics of OSCC cells. EGFR was validated as the target of miR‐1231. Besides, circ_0002141 could sponge miR‐1231 and upregulate EGFR expression in OSCC cells.

Conclusion

Circ_0002141/miR‐1231/EGFR axis is involved in the progression of OSCC.
Circulating biomarkers, echocardiographic parameters, and incident subclinical atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Philippsen Tine J. , Christensen Lene S. , Nybo Mads , Hansen Michael S. , Dahl Jordi S. , Brandes Axel
Published: November 2021

Background

Long‐term rhythm monitoring (LTRM) can detect undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients at high risk of AF and stroke. Biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters could, however, help identify patients benefitting most from LTRM. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether circulating biomarkers of cardiac and vascular function (brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), copeptin, and mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM)) and echocardiographic parameters were associated with incident subclinical AF (SCAF) in a population at high risk of stroke in the presence of AF. For this purpose, we investigated individuals ≥65 years of age with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, but no history or symptoms of AF or other cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

We included 82 consecutive patients (median age 71.3 years (IQR 67.4–75.1)). All patients received an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) and were followed for a median of 588 days (IQR 453–712). On the day of ICM implantation, a comprehensive echocardiogram and blood samples were obtained.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 588 days (IQR: 453–712 days), incident SCAF occurred in 17 patients (20.7%) with a median time to first‐detected episode of 91 days (IQR 41–251 days). MR‐proADM (median 0.87 nmol/L (IQR 0.76–1.02) vs 0.78 nmol/L (IQR 0.68–0.98)) and copeptin (median 13 pmol/L (IQR 9–17) vs 8 pmol/L (IQR 4–18)) levels were insignificantly higher in patients with incident SCAF. BNP and cTnI concentrations and echocardiographic parameters were similar in the two groups.

Conclusions

MR‐proADM, BNP, cTnI, copeptin, and several echocardiographic parameters were not associated with incident SCAF in this cohort of patients with hypertension and diabetes, but without any underlying CVD.
Photosensitized Dimerization of Tyrosine: The Oxygen Paradox†
Authors: Dántola M. Laura , Neyra Recky Jael R. , Lorente Carolina , Thomas Andrés H.
Published: November 2021

In electron‐transfer initiated photosensitization processes, molecular oxygen (O2) is not involved in the first bimolecular event, but almost always participates in subsequent steps giving rise to oxygenated products. An exception to this general behavior is the photosensitized dimerization of tyrosine (Tyr), where O2 does not participate as a reactant in any step of the pathway yielding Tyr dimers (Tyr2). In the pterin (Ptr) photosensitized oxidation of Tyr, O2 does not directly participate in the formation of Tyr2 and quenches the triplet excited state of Ptr, the reactive species that initiates the process. However, O2 is necessary for the dimerization, phenomenon that we have named as the oxygen paradox. Here, we review the literature on the photosensitized formation of Tyr2 and present results of steady‐state and time resolved experiments, in search of a mechanistic model to explain the contradictory role of O2 in this photochemical reaction system.
Incentives and Stars: Competition in Innovation Contests with Participant and Submission Visibility
Authors: Bockstedt Jesse , Druehl Cheryl , Mishra Anant
Published: November 2021

Online innovation contests in which all current and potential contestants can view the identities of participating contestants and their submissions have become a popular format. Contestants who enter such a contest earlier than other contestants must weigh the potential costs of revealing their identities and submissions against the potential benefits of improving their submissions through emerging information and early engagement. In this study, we examine how top‐ranked contestants or stars, who rank in the top 5% of winning experience on the contest platform, react to the contest incentives in deciding when to begin observable participation in such an innovation contest. Subsequently, we examine how endogenous entry by top‐ranked contestants influences participation of future contestants. Our analysis, based on detailed data from contests and participating contestants from a popular graphic design platform, indicates that contest incentives have interesting second‐order effects on competition. Although top‐ranked contestants enter a focal contest earlier than other contestants when the prize is high relative to other available contests, early entry by top‐ranked contestants deters new contestants from entering a contest and reduces participation of those who do enter. Furthermore, the contestants who enter a focal contest following early entry by a top‐ranked contestant tend to have lower levels of prior success on the platform. This research has important implications for how the design of contests, where a contestant's identity and submissions are visible, can be modified to encourage greater competition and participation by all contestants.
The impact of the timing of patent allowance on technology licensing performance: evidence from university invention commercialization
Authors: Min Kyung‐Baek , Lee Changyong , Kim Young‐Choon
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the impact of the timing of patent rights on licensing performance in the context of university technology licensing. We provide an argument that the timing of patent allowance, i.e., a legal event that clarifies patent rights, in the technology licensing phase can alter licensing performance by shifting technology valuation, as well as behavioral dynamics, in the process of commercialization. By analyzing inventions disclosed from Stanford University, we find that preallowance licensing (i.e., entering a licensing arrangement prior to patent allowance), compared to postallowance licensing, is negatively associated with licensing performance by increasing the chances of licensing underperformance. However, licensing underperformance associated with preallowance licensing is only significant when the inventor and licensee do not have prior collaboration experience. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the temporal condition of appropriability in the route for technology commercialization by revealing the patent‐licensing timing sequence as a source of variation in university technology licensing.
Internal entrapment and fearlessness about death as precipitants of suicidal thoughts and planning in the context of post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Oakey‐Frost D. Nicolas , Harris Julia A. , May Alexis M. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Tucker Raymond P. , Bryan Craig J.
Published: November 2021

Background

The relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) has been extensively studied but explanatory mechanisms remain inconclusive. Entrapment is one variable that evinces a mechanistic relationship with PTSD and STB. The current study examined the indirect effect of PTSD screen on suicide ideation (SI), planning, and likelihood of future suicide attempt through internal (IE) and external entrapment (EE), moderated by levels of fearlessness about death (FAD).

Method

The cross‐sectional sample consisted of military service members and civilians recruited from primary care clinics across the United States (N = 2690).

Results

Moderated mediation models indicated an indirect relationship between a positive PTSD screen, past‐month SI, and past‐month suicide planning through IE but not EE at low, moderate, and high levels of FAD. These relationships were replicated for the association between positive PTSD screen and concurrent self‐rated likelihood of a future suicide attempt through both IE and EE at moderate and high levels of FAD.

Conclusions

Phenomenological implications are discussed, including IE as a mechanism of action in the PTSD/SI pathway and FAD as necessary to potentiate suicidal planning for those experiencing IE.
High Times for U.S. Employees: Human Resource Management Considerations in Addressing Marijuana Legalization in U.S. Organizations
Authors: Buice Wendy N. , V. Cates Steven
Published: November 2021

Recent changes in state laws have legalized marijuana use for their state citizens. Originally by 2016, twenty-six states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico had legalized marijuana for medical use (State Medical Marijuana Laws, 2016). In the 2020 elections eighteen states, two U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia legalized recreational use of cannabis. We now have thirty-six states, four U.S. territories, and D.C. who have legalized medical use of the drug use (State Medical Marijuana Laws, 2021). This however creates some major issues for Human Resource professionals due to the fact that federal law still considers marijuana use illegal. This creates a confusing situation for organizations and especially Human Resource professionals who must create and enforce policies on the use of prescription and non-prescription drugs within the work environment. The purpose of this research is to determine if medical marijuana should be protected in the workplace and under what conditions. Based on the literature three research questions were posed and three hypotheses were tested based on analyzing data from a survey questionnaire that was completed by 57 working adults. Results indicate that they support the use of medical marijuana as a viable medical treatment and companies should recognize and support this medical remedy. Results indicate employees should be protected in their use of marijuana under the FMLA. Results also indicate marijuana should also be considered for long-term and permanent illnesses under the ADA. Implications are employees see marijuana in a positive light, as a viable medical treatment, and expect human resource management to support policies that allow for use of marijuana.
China's Regulatory Framework for Dynamic and Personalized Pricing in the Digital Economy
Authors: WANG Feng
Published: November 2021

Under the Chinese legal system, in principle, there is no objection to dynamic and personalized pricing of enterprises. Dynamic pricing does not involve the processing of personal information, and consumers have a higher perception of price fairness, it is seldom concerned by laws and policies. Personalized pricing involves the processing of personal information, and consumers generally feel that the price is unfair and difficult to accept, so it is the focus of legal regulation. Enterprises face three obstacles in implementing personalized pricing. First, in terms of personal information protection, enterprises should abide by the provisions on personal consent and automatic decision-making in the Personal Information Protection Law. Second, in the aspect of anti-monopoly, enterprises should abide by the provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law, and cannot achieve collusion through algorithms and abuse market dominance to implement differential treatment for trading counterparts. Third, in the protection of consumers' rights and interests, enterprises should respect the Price Law and other laws, and cannot commit price fraud and price discrimination. The current law on dynamic and personalized pricing is not perfect. In the future, we can protect consumers' rights and interests mainly by strengthening enterprises' obligation of providing information.
Prediction of the Onset of Failure in Elastomeric Solids With Weld Lines Being Represented as Localized Regions of Lower Density
Authors: Karunakaran C. , Alagappan P. , Kannan K. , Rajagopal K. R.
Published: November 2021

We study the initiation of damage in a polymeric body in which there is a line defect due to the formation of a “weld line” that occurs when two polymer streams join together and then solidify. We show that damage initiates in the region of weakness, namely the “weld line” based on a criterion for damage that was developed earlier. We also show that if there are other stress concentrators also additionally present, such as a hole, then there is a competition between the stresses induced due to the weakness and the stress as a consequence of the stress concentrator (in this instance a hole). This study adds more credence to the criterion for the initiation of damage that is based completely on knowledge of information at the current configuration of the body, that is, the criterion for damage is not based on the value of quantities that also need information based on a reference configuration such as the stress or strain.
Floating Wind Turbine Model Test to Verify a moordyn Modification for Nonlinear Elastic Materials
Authors: West William M. , Goupee Andrew J. , Allen Chris K. , Viselli Anthony M.
Published: November 2021

As the floating offshore wind industry matures, it has become increasingly important for researchers to determine the next-generation materials and processes that will allow platforms to be deployed in intermediate (50–85 m) water depths, which challenge the efficiency of traditional catenary chain mooring systems and fixed-bottom jacket structures. One such technology, synthetic ropes, has in recent years come to the forefront of this effort. A significant challenge of designing synthetic rope moorings is capturing the complex physics of the materials, which exhibit viscoelastic and nonlinear elastic properties. Currently, numerical tools for modeling the dynamic behavior of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are limited to mooring materials that lack these strain rate-dependent properties and have a linear tension–strain response. In this article, a mooring modeling module, moordyn, which operates within the popular FOWT design and analysis program, openfast, was modified to allow for nonlinear elastic mooring materials to address one of these shortcomings in the numerical tools. Simulations from the modified openfast tool were then compared with 1:52-scale test data for a 6 MW FOWT semi-submersible platform in 55 m of water subjected to representative design load cases. A strong correlation between the simulations and test data was observed.