bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Wood Properties on the Behaviors of Wood Particle Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Hossain M. R. , Hossain F. , Islam M. A.
Published: September 2014

Polymer matrix composites, reinforced with various types of particles are being widely used to reduce the overall weight of structures because of their good combination of various properties such as high strength to weight ratio, good fatigue properties, corrosion resistance, etc. However, most of the polymeric materials are not bio-degradable. As a result, demands of natural fiber reinforced composites are increasing day by day. Considering this, initiative was taken to develop wood saw dust particles reinforced polymer (unsaturated polyester) matrix composites with varying proportions (5 and 10% by weight [w/w]) of various wood saw dust particles. The developed composites were characterized by means of Tensile Test, fractography of the broken tensile test samples and water absorption test. Experimental results exhibited that addition of wood particles decreases the tensile strength of the composites and that, for higher strength wood, the degradation of the tensile strength of the composites is minimized. Addition of wood particles increases the water absorption of the composites. Water absorption of both pure polyester and wood particle reinforced composites has been found to increase with increase in time. However, the overall water absorption behaviors of the composites are dependent on the density of the wood used. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.15811 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 431-443 (2014)
Prime Gamma-Near-Rings with sigma-Derivations
Authors: Dey K. K , Paul A. C.
Published: September 2014

Let N be a prime G-near-ring and s be an automorphism on N. In this paper, we prove that if d is a s-derivation of N such that sd = ds with d2 = 0, then d = 0. The composition of two derivations s and ? are considered and investigated the conditions that the derivation is a ??-derivation. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.17158 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 467-473 (2014)
Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging and Polyphenolic Contents of Bark of Pterygota alata Roxb
Authors: Jahan N. , Parvin M. S. , Khan A. , Das N. , Islam M. S. , Islam M. E.
Published: September 2014

Pterygota alata is a large deciduous tree of Malvaceae family. The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of stem bark of the plant. Ferric reducing power (FRP) test, 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging test and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay were used to detect the antioxidant activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined as they are well known phytochemicals with antioxidant property. The bark of the plant showed efficient reducing power as well as free radical scavenging property (IC50 values 52.25 - 172.05). The bark also found rich in total phenolic and flavonoid content. The highest amount of total phenolic content was found in chloroform soluble fraction (29.898 µg/mL) followed by ethyl acetate soluble fraction (15.88 µg/mL). The highest content of total flavonoid also detected in chloroform soluble fraction (107.56 µg/mL) but followed by crude ethanol extract (98.66 µg/mL). Overall, the bark of the plant possesses significant antioxidant activity, therefore can be used as a good natural source of antioxidant. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.17586 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 543-552 (2014)
Frequency and Temperature Dependent Dielectric Response of Fe3O4 Nano-crytallites
Authors: Ansar M. Z. , Atiq S. , Alamgir K. , Nadeem S.
Published: September 2014

Magnetite nanoparticles have been prepared by using sol-gel auto combustion technique. The samples are prepared by using different concentrations of fuel. Structural characterization has been done using X-Ray diffraction technique and it was observed that fuel concentration can affect the structural properties of Magnetite nanoparticles. The dielectric properties for all the samples such as dielectric constant (??), dielectric tangent loss (tan ?) and dielectric loss factor (??) have been studied as a function of frequency and temperature in the range 10 Hz20 MHz  and it was found that these nanoparticles can be used in microwave devices because of their good dielectric behavior. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.17938 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 399-406 (2014)
Sulvanite Compounds Cu3TMS4 (TM = V, Nb and Ta): Elastic, Electronic, Optical and Thermal Properties using First-principles Method
Authors: Ali M. A. , Jahan N. , Islam A. K. M. A.
Published: September 2014

We present a systematic first-principles study of the structural, elastic, electronic, optical and thermodynamics properties of the sulvanite compounds Cu3TMS4 (TM = V, Nb and Ta). The structural, elastic and electronic properties are in fact revisited using a different calculation code than that used by other workers and the results are compared. The band gaps are found to be 1.041, 1.667 and 1.815 eV for Cu3VS4, Cu3NbS4 and Cu3TaS4, respectively which are comparable to other available calculated results. The optical properties such as dielectric function, refractive index, photoconductivity, absorption coefficients, reflectivity and loss function have been calculated for the first time. The calculated results are compared with the limited measured data on energy dependent refractive index and reflectivity coefficient available only for Cu3TaS4. All the materials are dielectric, transparent in the visible range. The values of plasma frequencies are found to be 15.36, 15.58 and 15.64 eV for Cu3VS4, Cu3NbS4 and Cu3TaS4, respectively. Furthermore, following the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the temperature effect on the bulk modulus, heat capacity, and Debye temperature is calculated reflecting the anharmonic phonon effects and these are compared with both experimental and other theoretical data where available. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.19191 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 407-419 (2014)
Evaluation of Living Related Kidney Transplant Donor: Study of 50 Donors
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul
Published: September 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20260 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.16-21
Correlation of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation With the Final Diagnosis At a Tertiary Referral Center in Dhaka
Authors: Khaled A , Agrawal L , Nasir TA
Published: September 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20261 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.22-25
Percutaneous Electrocauterization (Electrosclerotherapy) to Treat Cutaneous Hemangioma- our experience in Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Authors: Hosain MM , Rahman MM , Momen MM , Haque AKM F
Published: September 2014

Introduction Percutaneous Electrosclerotherapy technique for the treatment of cutaneous hemangioma is introduced as an alternative and minimally invasive treatment mode. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response of percutaneous electrosclerotherapy on cutaneous hemangioma, as monotherapy or in adjunct to surgery. Materials and Methods Fourteen patients with 10 females and 04 males underwent percutaneous electrosclerotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous hemangioma mostly on head and neck in Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery department of Apollo Hospitals Dhaka from January 2009 to June 2010. Percutaneous Electrosclerotherapy was applied through a Colorado needle with an intention to cauterize the bulk of the lesion at the tip of the needle but not burning the skin. Pre and post operatively the size of the lesions were measured to see the percentage of regression. Results Percutaneous Electrosclerotherapy was done in all 14 cases. Most of the lesions (78%) were smaller in size (<5cm) and the site was mostly in head and neck (57%), more than half of the patients (57%) got significant benefit from this procedure. The regression of size is mostly in children <10 years which is noted in about 65%. The only complication found was overlying skin necrosis due to burn in 35% of patients which was managed usually by simple dressing and antibiotics with complete healing. Conclusion Percutaneous Electrosclerotherapy is effective monotherapy for smaller hemangioma and prior to surgery to reduce the volume, operation time, bleeding, as well as post operative scar. It can be done easily with minimal hospital stay, less cost and complication DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20262 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.26-30
A Psoriatic Arthritis Patient with Multiple Rare Complications  case report and review of literature.
Authors: Afsar NS , Mahmud S , Tamanna RJ , Ahmed MA
Published: September 2014

A 28 year old male patient of psoriasis was admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh with typical skin lesions for 18 years, nail changes for 16 years, arthritis for 12 years and eye changes for 3 years. In addition he had other rare extra articular complications like severe aortic stenosis, moderate aortic regurgitation and mild mitral regurgitation. He had a positive family history of psoriasis. HLAB27 is positive and X-ray of hands and feet showed classical findings of psoriatic arthritis. We presented the case to show the early age of onset, severity of the disease with rapid progression and multiple extra articular complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20266 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.48-53
Isolated Cerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: Joarder Md Aliuzzaman , Chandy Mathew J , Akhter Nahid , Reza Mamun , Khaled Ahmed , Nasir Tareak Al , Agrawal Linika
Published: September 2014

Isolated cerebral mucormycosis without rhino-orbital focus is an extremely rare but life-threatening infection of central nervous system that most commonly found in intravenous drug abuser. We present a case of isolated cerebral mucormycosis diagnosed by open biopsy and treated with amphotericin B. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20267 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.54-57
Abdominal cocoon
Authors: Basu SK , Hassan R , Zaman CA , Islam KMS , Alam JMHQ , Jamil M , Ahmed N , Hossain D
Published: September 2014

Background The abdominal cocoon syndrome was first described as a rare condition where part of or the whole small bowel is encased within a fibrous membrane. Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (or abdominal cocoon) is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, especially in adult population. Diagnosis is usually incidental at laparotomy. But preoperative diagnosis can be made. Case presentation This report is of a 27-year-old Bangladeshi male who presented with increasing abdominal pain and features of subacute intestinal obstruction. He had a history appendicectomy 2 months back through grid iron incision in a peripheral hospital. Pre-operative work-up did not reveal a sac like structure encasing small intestinal loops. At computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, a huge cystic structure was seen encasing loops of small bowel. At laparotomy, a fibrous capsule was revealed, in which small bowel loops were encased, with the presence of interloop adhesions. A diagnosis of primary abdominal cocoon was established and extensive adhesiolysis was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and follow-up. No evidence of Kochs noted in the abdomen or on histopathology of tissue sent for examination. Conclusion Abdominal cocoon is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, but should be suspected especially in cases with attacks of non strangulating obstruction in the same individual. A high index of clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent character of small bowel obstruction. Clinicians must rigorously pursue a preoperative diagnosis. The overall prognosis is satisfactory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20269 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.61-64
Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Sheyab Nihaya , Alomari Mahmoud , Shah Smita , Gallagher Patrick , Gallagher Robyn
Published: September 2014

Our study investigates the prevalence, patterns and predictors of tobacco smoking among early adolescent males in Northern Jordan and whether asthma diagnosis affects smoking patterns. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Males in grades 7 and 8 from four randomly selected high schools in the city of Irbid were enrolled. Data on waterpipe (WP) use and cigarette smoking patterns were obtained (n = 815) using a survey in Arabic language. The overall prevalence of ever having smoked a cigarette was 35.6%, with 86.2% of this group smoking currently. Almost half of the sample reported WP use. The most common age in which adolescents started to experiment with cigarettes was 11–12 years old (49.1%), although 10 years was also common (25.3%). Significant predictors of male cigarette smoking were WP use (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.99–5.76), asthma diagnosis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46–3.78), grade 8 (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.10–2.11), and having a sibling who smokes (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.53–3.24). However, this cross-sectional study cannot establish causality, thus longitudinal studies are needed. Public health programs and school-based anti-tobacco smoking interventions that target children in early years at high schools are warranted to prevent the uptake of tobacco use among this vulnerable age group. High school students with asthma should be specifically targeted.
The Aging Kidney: Increased Susceptibility to Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Bonventre Joseph , Parrish Alan
Published: September 2014

Three decades have passed since a series of studies indicated that the aging kidney was characterized by increased susceptibility to nephrotoxic injury. Data from these experimental models is strengthened by clinical data demonstrating that the aging population has an increased incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI). Since then a number of studies have focused on age-dependent alterations in pathways that predispose the kidney to acute insult. This review will focus on the mechanisms that are altered by aging in the kidney that may increase susceptibility to injury, including hemodynamics, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and decreased repair.
Profiling the Interaction Mechanism of Quinoline/Quinazoline Derivatives as MCHR1 Antagonists: An in Silico Method
Authors: Wu Mingwei , Li Yan , Fu Xinmei , Wang Jinghui , Zhang Shuwei , Yang Ling
Published: September 2014

Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), a crucial regulator of energy homeostasis involved in the control of feeding and energy metabolism, is a promising target for treatment of obesity. In the present work, the up-to-date largest set of 181 quinoline/quinazoline derivatives as MCHR1 antagonists was subjected to both ligand- and receptor-based three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity (3D-QSAR) analysis applying comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The optimal predictable CoMSIA model exhibited significant validity with the cross-validated correlation coefficient (Q2) = 0.509, non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (R2ncv) = 0.841 and the predicted correlation coefficient (R2pred) = 0.745. In addition, docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out for further elucidation of the binding modes of MCHR1 antagonists. MD simulations in both water and lipid bilayer systems were performed. We hope that the obtained models and information may help to provide an insight into the interaction mechanism of MCHR1 antagonists and facilitate the design and optimization of novel antagonists as anti-obesity agents.
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile and Acrylonitrile/Ethyl Hexyl Acrylate/Fumaronitrile Terpolymers as a Potential Precursor for Carbon Fiber
Authors: Jamil Siti , Daik Rusli , Ahmad Ishak
Published: September 2014

A synthesis of acrylonitrile (AN)/butyl acrylate (BA)/fumaronitrile (FN) and AN/EHA (ethyl hexyl acrylate)/FN terpolymers was carried out by redox polymerization using sodium bisulfite (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiator at 40 °C. The effect of comonomers, BA and EHA and termonomer, FN on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stabilization temperature was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The degradation behavior and char yield were obtained by Thermogravimetric Analysis. The conversions of AN, comonomers (BA and EHA) and FN were 55%–71%, 85%–91% and 76%–79%, respectively. It was found that with the same comonomer feed (10%), the Tg of AN/EHA copolymer was lower at 63 °C compared to AN/BA copolymer (70 °C). AN/EHA/FN terpolymer also exhibited a lower Tg at 63 °C when compared to that of the AN/BA/FN terpolymer (67 °C). By incorporating BA and EHA into a PAN system, the char yield was reduced to ~38.0% compared to that of AN (~47.7%). It was found that FN reduced the initial cyclization temperature of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers to 228 and 221 °C, respectively, in comparison to that of AN/BA and AN/EHA copolymers (~260 °C). In addition, FN reduced the heat liberation per unit time during the stabilization process that consequently reduced the emission of volatile group during this process. As a result, the char yields of AN/BA/FN and AN/EHA/FN terpolymers are higher at ~45.1% and ~43.9%, respectively, as compared to those of AN/BA copolymer (37.1%) and AN/EHA copolymer (38.0%).
Sensitivity of Neurospora crassa to a Marine-Derived Aspergillus tubingensis Anhydride Exhibiting Antifungal Activity That Is Mediated by the MAS1 Protein
Authors: Koch Liat , Lodin Anat , Herold Inbal , Ilan Micha , Carmeli Shmuel , Yarden Oded
Published: September 2014

The fungus Aspergillus tubingensis (strain OY907) was isolated from the Mediterranean marine sponge Ircinia variabilis. Extracellular extracts produced by this strain were found to inhibit the growth of several fungi. Among the secreted extract components, a novel anhydride metabolite, tubingenoic anhydride A (1) as well as the known 2-carboxymethyl-3-hexylmaleic acid anhydride, asperic acid, and campyrone A and C were purified and their structure elucidated. Compound 1 and 2-carboxymethyl-3-hexylmaleic acid anhydride inhibited Neurospora crassa growth (MIC = 330 and 207 μM, respectively) and affected hyphal morphology. We produced a N. crassa mutant exhibiting tolerance to 1 and found that a yet-uncharacterized gene, designated mas-1, whose product is a cytosolic protein, confers sensitivity to this compound. The ∆mas-1 strain showed increased tolerance to sublethal concentrations of the chitin synthase inhibitor polyoxin D, when compared to the wild type. In addition, the expression of chitin synthase genes was highly elevated in the ∆mas-1 strain, suggesting the gene product is involved in cell wall biosynthesis and the novel anhydride interferes with its function.
Anti-Angiogenesis Effect of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Saliva officinalis on Chick Chorioalantoic Membrane (CAM)
Authors: Baharara Javad , Namvar Farideh , Mousavi Marzieh , Ramezani Tayebe , Mohamad Rosfarizan
Published: September 2014

Angiogenesis, which is required for physiological events, plays a crucial role in several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis. The use of plant extracts is a cost effective and eco-friendly way to synthesize nanoparticles. In the present study, we investigated the anti-angiogenesis properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Saliva officinalis extract on chick chorioalantoic membrane. The production of nanoparticles was confirmed by the color change from yellow to brown observed after approximately 3 h at 37 °C. Then, the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and TEM. The UV-visible spectroscopy results showed that the surface plasmon resonance band for AgNPs was around 430 nm. The intensity of the AgNP-specific absorption peak improved with an increase of 0.5 mL of extract into 10 mL of AgNO3 (2.5 mM). The FTIR results showed good interaction between the plant extracts and AgNPs. The TEM images of the samples revealed that the NPs varied in morphology and size from 1 to 40 nm; the average was recorded at 16.5 ± 1.2 nm. Forty Ross fertilized eggs were divided into four groups; the control and three experimental groups. On the 8th day, gelatin sponges containing albumin were placed on the chorioalantoic membrane and soaked with different concentrations of NPs. On the 12th day, all the cases were photographed using a photostereomicroscope. The number and the lengths of the vessels were measured using Image J software. The crown rump (CR) and weight of the embryo were also recorded. Then the hemoglobin content was measured using Drabkin’s reagent kit for quantification of the blood vessel formation. According to the data analysis, the number and length of the blood vessels, as well as the CR and weight of the embryos reduced significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05), dose dependently. The total hemoglobin was quantified as an indicator of the blood vessel formation. The hemoglobin content in the treated samples with AgNPs decreased, which showed its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.
Novel Schiff Bases Based on the Quinolinone Skeleton: Syntheses, X-ray Structures and Fluorescent Properties
Authors: Trávníček Zdeněk , Buchtík Roman , Nemec Ivan
Published: September 2014

A series of a new type of Schiff bases 1–7, derived from 2-phenyl-3-amino-4(1H)-quinolinone and R-salicyladehyde derivatives wherein R = 3-hydroxy (1), 3,4-dihydroxy (2), 3-methoxy (3), 3-carboxy (4), 3-allyl (5), 5-chloro (6), and 5-nitro (7), was synthesized and structurally characterized. Each of the molecules 1, 3 and 7 consists of three planar moieties (i.e., a quinolinone and two phenyl rings), which are mutually oriented differently depending on the appropriate substituent R and the extent of non-covalent contacts stabilizing the crystal structures. The compounds were studied for their fluorescence properties, where compound 6 yielded the strongest intensity both in the solid phase and in 100 μM ethanol solution with a quantum yield of φ = 3.6% as compared to quinine sulfate used as a standard. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these compounds was tested against the human osteosarcoma (HOS) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines, revealing no activity up to the concentration of 50 µM.
Failure to Replicate: A Sign of Scientific Misconduct?
Authors: Hill Helene , Pitt Joel
Published: September 2014

Repeated failures to replicate reported experimental results could indicate scientific misconduct or simply result from unintended error. Experiments performed by one individual involving tritiated thymidine, published in two papers in Radiation Research, showed exponential killing of V79 Chinese hamster cells. Two other members of the same laboratory were unable to replicate the published results in 15 subsequent attempts to do so, finding, instead, at least 100-fold less killing and biphasic survival curves. These replication failures (which could have been anticipated based on earlier radiobiological literature) raise questions regarding the reliability of the two reports. Two unusual numerical patterns appear in the questioned individual’s data, but do not appear in control data sets from the two other laboratory members, even though the two key protocols followed by all three were identical or nearly so. This report emphasizes the importance of: (1) access to raw data that form the background of reports and grant applications; (2) knowledge of the literature in the field; and (3) the application of statistical methods to detect anomalous numerical behaviors in raw data. Furthermore, journals and granting agencies should require that authors report failures to reproduce their published results.
Incorporating a Wheeled Vehicle Model in a New Monocular Visual Odometry Algorithm for Dynamic Outdoor Environments
Authors: Jiang Yanhua , Xiong Guangming , Chen Huiyan , Lee Dah-Jye
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a monocular visual odometry algorithm that incorporates a wheeled vehicle model for ground vehicles. The main innovation of this algorithm is to use the single-track bicycle model to interpret the relationship between the yaw rate and side slip angle, which are the two most important parameters that describe the motion of a wheeled vehicle. Additionally, the pitch angle is also considered since the planar-motion hypothesis often fails due to the dynamic characteristics of wheel suspensions and tires in real-world environments. Linearization is used to calculate a closed-form solution of the motion parameters that works as a hypothesis generator in a RAndom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) scheme to reduce the complexity in solving equations involving trigonometric. All inliers found are used to refine the winner solution through minimizing the reprojection error. Finally, the algorithm is applied to real-time on-board visual localization applications. Its performance is evaluated by comparing against the state-of-the-art monocular visual odometry methods using both synthetic data and publicly available datasets over several kilometers in dynamic outdoor environments.
A Study of Heavy Metal Pollution in China: Current Status, Pollution-Control Policies and Countermeasures
Authors: Hu Hui , Jin Qian , Kavan Philip
Published: September 2014

In the past 30 years, China’s economy has experienced rapid development, which led to a vast increase in energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. Among the different types of pollution, heavy metal pollution has become one of the major environmental issues in China. A number of studies show that high level of heavy metal exposure is a frequent cause of permanent intellectual and developmental disabilities. In recent years, some traditional pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, have been put under control in China. However, heavy metal pollution, which poses even greater risks to public health and sustainable development, has yet to gain policymakers’ attention. The purpose of this paper is to explore effective countermeasures for heavy metal pollution in China. The present study reviews the current status of China’s heavy metal pollution and analyzes related public policies and countermeasures against that pollution. It also presents a few recommendations and measures for prevention of heavy metal pollution.
Sauvegarde et valorisation du fonds d’archives familiales de Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo à Madagascar
Authors: Ink Laurence
Published: September 2014

Figure essentielle et encore mal connue de la littérature malgache et internationale, Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (1903‑1937) fut à la fois poète, journaliste et critique, dramaturge et romancier, historien de sa tradition, collecteur et traducteur de textes anciens comme de textes modernes. L’aventure qui débuta fin 2008 pour aboutir à la publication de ses œuvres complètes (AUF/ITEM, CNRS Éditions, Coll. Planète libre, Paris, 2 tomes, 2010 et 2012) consistait à sauvegarder l’important fonds d’archives familiales (plus de 800 manuscrits, tapuscrits, textes édités ou documents de travail) confié par les ayant droits à l’Institut Français de Madagascar (Antananarivo), par un travail de tri, de numérisation et de mise en conditionnement neutre, in situ, et à le valoriser par l’édition des textes, pour une grande part inédits, dans une approche scientifique à caractère génétique. Expérience novatrice, structurée par une méthodologie devant constamment s’adapter aux exigences géographique, scientifique et éditoriale, elle est également à considérer comme un cas d’école, pour une meilleure approche des fonds d’archives littéraires, aujourd’hui en péril dans bon nombre de pays du Sud.
Le double destin des archives Jean Sénac
Authors: Nacer-Khodja Hamid
Published: September 2014

Les archives Jean Sénac (1926‑1973) sont constituées de deux fonds : un fonds déposé à la bibliothèque municipale de Marseille et un autre à la Bibliothèque nationale d’Algérie. Le premier fonds regroupe essentiellement les manuscrits de la période de l’écrivain en France (1950‑1952 et 1954‑1962). Le fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale d’Algérie – le plus riche quantitativement – correspond à deux grandes périodes de la vie et de l’œuvre de Sénac en Algérie, soit de 1926 à 1950 et de 1962 à 1973.
Focus génétique sur Les Armes miraculeuses d’Aimé Césaire
Authors: Gil Alex
Published: September 2014

Que se passerait-il, si l’on tentait de lire la genèse des textes de manière non-téléologique ? Le plus souvent, nous ne comprenons pas (ou ne nous souvenons pas) que le Texte en question n’est qu’une fonction dans une série d’événements textuels, la publication originale n’étant qu’un exemple parmi d’autres. Parmi les projets éditoriaux et littéraires sur lesquels Aimé Césaire a travaillé, entre 1941 et 1946, force est de constater que nombre d’entre eux demeurent invisibles ou méconnaissables, sauf si l’on écarte le problème de l’interprétation téléologique des données bibliographiques, tandis que de nombreux autres sont marqués par un effort soutenu visant à recontextualiser des textes préexistants. À travers cette dispersion textuelle, nous entr’apercevons un ouvrage qui n’a jamais existé et qui pourtant existe, à bien des égards : un long poème, Le Grand Midi, dissimulé par un poème plus court publié dans Les Armes miraculeuses, « Le Grand Midi ». Dans cette étude, nous reconstituons donc la trajectoire de ce texte fantôme et, en passant, sans le privilégier, les champs textuels dont serait issu le premier livre des poèmes de Césaire.
Quand les écrivains canoniques écrivent mal
Authors: Amadieu Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2014

Des citations d’auteurs classiques servent d’exemples de fautes au sein de manuels de rhétorique au xixe siècle. Malgré l’autorité de l’Art poétique, des citations de Boileau figurent parmi les contrexemples de tours à éviter, en raison de ses fautes de « goût ». Mais les manuels n’en restent pas à des critiques de goût ; des citations de classiques illustrent également les fautes de grammaire. Face à ces critiques, d’autres manuels discutent le degré de normativité de la grammaire ; les licences que les classiques s’arrogent légitiment la critique du purisme.
« Allez donc m’cri ane tasse d’eau » : le malaise créé par l’introduction de la langue orale dans les textes d’Albert Laberge
Authors: Loranger Caroline
Published: September 2014

Au début des années 1960, l’œuvre d’Albert Laberge, écrivain de la première moitié du xxe siècle, est redécouverte. Si les critiques apprécient son contenu, ils ressentent un véritable malaise par rapport à la manière dont elle est écrite, malaise qui serait le corollaire de la façon dont l’intégration de termes tirés de la langue orale dans le texte écrit était alors perçue.
Victor-Lévy Beaulieu : une écriture de la fureur ou comment « enquébécoiser » la langue française Étude des manuscrits de La Grande Tribu
Authors: Vien Myriam
Published: September 2014

Cet article étudie l’évolution de la langue dans La Grande Tribu, le maître ouvrage de l’écrivain québécois Victor-Lévy Beaulieu. Les états génétiques successifs de l’œuvre révèlent une radicalisation de l’expérimentation langagière qui vise non seulement à « enquébécoiser » la langue française, c’est-à-dire à la « dégrader » pour la forger à son image, mais aussi à surpasser cette situation linguistique associée à l’aliénation de la nation canadienne-française par la création d’une langue nouvelle.
Écrire dans la variante de l’autre : le cas de Sous les vents de Neptune de Fred Vargas
Authors: Vincent Nadine
Published: September 2014

Pour tout auteur, choisir d’écrire dans une langue ou dans la variante d’une langue qui n’est pas la sienne représente un défi de taille. Nous nous intéresserons au roman Sous les vents de Neptune, de l’écrivaine française Fred Vargas, qui a situé une partie de son intrigue au Québec, sans maîtriser la notion de variation linguistique. En analysant les réactions des lecteurs européens et québécois, de même que les caractéristiques de la langue québécoise de Vargas, nous aborderons la question de l’impérialisme linguistique et de son anachronisme au xxie siècle.
Deficiency in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Rech Megan A. , Hunsaker Todd , Rodriguez Jennifer
Published: September 2014

Background

Vitamin D has immunomodulating properties.

Objective

To determine if vitamin D deficiency within 30 days of admission to the intensive care unit in patients with sepsis might be associated with increased all-cause 30-day mortality.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study at a large, tertiary, urban, academic medical center, records of patients who had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured within 30 days of admission for severe sepsis or septic shock from June 2006 to April 2011 were examined. Patients were considered deficient in vitamin D if its serum concentration was 15 ng/mL or less. The primary outcome of interest was 30-day mortality.

Results

Among the 121 patients in the sample, 65 (54%) were vitamin D deficient. Baseline demographics were similar between vitamin D deficient and nondeficient groups, except that the vitamin D deficient group had more African Americans (P = .01). All-cause 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients deficient in vitamin D (37% vs 20%; P = .04) and remained higher at 90 days (51% vs 25%, P = .005). In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07; P = .01) and vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.39–18.8; P = .02) were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

Patients deficient in vitamin D within 30 days of hospital admission for severe sepsis or septic shock may be at increased risk for all-cause 30-day mortality.
Blockade of IL-6 Trans Signaling Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Le Thanh-Thuy T. , Karmouty-Quintana Harry , Melicoff Ernestina , Le Thanh-Truc T. , Weng Tingting , Chen Ning-Yuan , Pedroza Mesias , Zhou Yang , Davies Jonathan , Philip Kemly , Molina Jose , Luo Fayong , George Anuh T. , Garcia-Morales Luis J. , Bunge Raquel R. , Bruckner Brian A. , Loebe Matthias , Seethamraju Harish , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Blackburn Michael R.
Published: August 2014

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease with progressive fibrosis and death within 2–3 y of diagnosis. IPF incidence and prevalence rates are increasing annually with few effective treatments available. Inhibition of IL-6 results in the attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. It is unclear whether this is due to blockade of classical signaling, mediated by membrane-bound IL-6Rα, or trans signaling, mediated by soluble IL-6Rα (sIL-6Rα). Our study assessed the role of sIL-6Rα in IPF. We demonstrated elevations of sIL-6Rα in IPF patients and in mice during the onset and progression of fibrosis. We demonstrated that protease-mediated cleavage from lung macrophages was important in production of sIL-6Rα. In vivo neutralization of sIL-6Rα attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in mice as seen by reductions in myofibroblasts, fibronectin, and collagen in the lung. In vitro activation of IL-6 trans signaling enhanced fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production, effects relevant in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the production of sIL-6Rα from macrophages in the diseased lung contributes to IL-6 trans signaling that in turn influences events crucial in pulmonary fibrosis.
Novel CD8 T Cell Alloreactivities in CCR5-Deficient Recipients of Class II MHC Disparate Kidney Grafts
Authors: Ishii Daisuke , Rosenblum Joshua M. , Nozaki Taiji , Schenk Austin D. , Setoguchi Kiyoshi , Su Charles A. , Gorbacheva Victoria , Baldwin William M. , Valujskikh Anna , Fairchild Robert L.
Published: August 2014

Recipient CD4 T regulatory cells inhibit the acute T cell–mediated rejection of renal allografts in wild-type mice. The survival of single class II MHC–disparate H-2bm12 renal allografts was tested in B6.CCR5−/− recipients, which have defects in T regulatory cell activities that constrain alloimmune responses. In contrast to wild-type C57BL/6 recipients, B6.CCR5−/− recipients rejected the bm12 renal allografts. However, donor-reactive CD8 T cells rather than CD4 T cells were the primary effector T cells mediating rejection. The CD8 T cells induced to bm12 allografts in CCR5-deficient recipients were reactive to peptides spanning the 3 aa difference in the I-Abm12 versus I-Ab β-chains presented by Kb and Db class I MHC molecules. Allograft-primed CD8 T cells from CCR5-deficient allograft recipients were activated during culture either with proinflammatory cytokine–stimulated wild-type endothelial cells pulsed with the I-Abm12 peptides or with proinflammatory cytokine–simulated bm12 endothelial cells, indicating their presentation of the I-Abm12 β-chain peptide/class I MHC complexes. In addition to induction by bm12 renal allografts, the I-Abm12 β-chain–reactive CD8 T cells were induced in CCR5-deficient, but not wild-type C57BL/6, mice by immunization with the peptides. These results reveal novel alloreactive CD8 T cell specificities in CCR5-deficient recipients of single class II MHC renal allografts that mediate rejection of the allografts.
CD39 and CD161 Modulate Th17 Responses in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Bai Aiping , Moss Alan , Kokkotou Efi , Usheva Anny , Sun Xiaofeng , Cheifetz Adam , Zheng Yi , Longhi Maria Serena , Gao Wenda , Wu Yan , Robson Simon C.
Published: August 2014

CD39 (ENTPD1) is expressed by subsets of pathogenic human CD4+ T cells, such as Th17 cells. These Th17 cells are considered important in intestinal inflammation, such as seen in Crohn’s disease (CD). Recently, CD161 (NKR-P1A) was shown to be a phenotypic marker of human Th17 cells. In this study, we report that coexpression of CD161 and CD39 not only identifies these cells but also promotes Th17 generation. We note that human CD4+CD39+CD161+ T cells can be induced under stimulatory conditions that promote Th17 in vitro. Furthermore, CD4+CD39+CD161+ cells purified from blood and intestinal tissues, from both healthy controls and patients with CD, are of the Th17 phenotype and exhibit proinflammatory functions. CD39 is coexpressed with CD161, and this association augments acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity upon stimulation of CD4+ T cells. These pathways regulate mammalian target of rapamycin and STAT3 signaling to drive the Th17 phenotype. Inhibition of ASM activity by pharmacological blockers or knockdown of ASM abrogates STAT3 signaling, thereby limiting IL-17 production in CD4+ T cells obtained from both controls and patients with active CD. Increased levels of CD39+CD161+ CD4+ T cells in blood or lamina propria are noted in patients with CD, and levels directly correlate with clinical disease activity. Hence, coexpression of CD39 and CD161 by CD4+ T cells might serve as a biomarker to monitor Th17 responsiveness. Collectively, CD39 and CD161 modulate human Th17 responses in CD through alterations in purinergic nucleotide–mediated responses and ASM catalytic bioactivity, respectively.
IL-21 Is a Central Memory T Cell–Associated Cytokine That Inhibits the Generation of Pathogenic Th1/17 Effector Cells
Authors: Kastirr Ilko , Maglie Stefano , Paroni Moira , Alfen Johanna Sophie , Nizzoli Giulia , Sugliano Elisa , Crosti Maria-Cristina , Moro Monica , Steckel Bodo , Steinfelder Svenja , Stölzel Katharina , Romagnani Chiara , Botti Fiorenzo , Caprioli Flavio , Pagani Massimilliano , Abrignani Sergio , Geginat Jens
Published: August 2014

IL-21 promotes Th17 differentiation, and Th17 cells that upregulate T-bet, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF drive experimental autoimmune diseases in mice. Anti–IL-21 treatment of autoimmune patients is therefore a therapeutic option, but the role of IL-21 in human T cell differentiation is incompletely understood. IL-21 was produced at high levels by human CD4+ central memory T cells, suggesting that it is associated with early T cell differentiation. Consistently, it was inhibited by forced expression of T-bet or RORC2, the lineage-defining transcription factors of Th1 and Th17 effector cells, respectively. Although IL-21 was efficiently induced by IL-12 in naive CD4+ T cells, it inhibited the generation of Th1 effector cells in a negative feedback loop. IL-21 was also induced by IL-6 and promoted Th17 differentiation, but it was not absolutely required. Importantly, however, IL-21 promoted IL-10 secretion but inhibited IFN-γ and GM-CSF production in developing Th17 cells, and consequently prevented the generation of polyfunctional Th1/17 effector cells. Moreover, in Th17 memory cells, IL-21 selectively inhibited T-bet upregulation and GM-CSF production. In summary, IL-21 is a central memory T cell–associated cytokine that promotes Th17 differentiation and IL-10 production, but inhibits the generation of potentially pathogenic Th1/17 effector cells. These findings shed new light on the role of IL-21 in T cell differentiation, and have relevant implications for anti–IL-21 therapy of autoimmune diseases.
Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue
Authors: Aas Ida Bergva , Austbø Lars , König Melanie , Syed Mohasina , Falk Knut , Hordvik Ivar , Koppang Erling O.
Published: August 2014

Previously, our group has shown that the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) is a distinct structure largely consisting of T cells embedded in a meshwork of epithelial cells, with no direct resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues. In this study, we aim to focus on the T cell population and the possibility of the ILT being a thymus analog. By characterizing structural responsiveness to Ag challenge, the presence of recombination activating genes, and different T cell–related transcripts, we attempt to further approach the immunological function of the ILT in salmonid gills. In addition to eight healthy individuals, a group of eight infectious salmon anemia virus–challenged fish were included to observe T cell responses related to infection. The results showed reduced size of ILT in the infected group, no expression of RAG-1 and -2, and a high degree of T cell diversity within the ILT. Taking into account that the ILT can be regarded as a strategically located T cell reservoir and possibly an evolutionary forerunner of mammalian MALTs right at the border to the external environment, the alteration in transcription observed may likely represent a shift in the T cell population to optimize local gill defense mechanisms.
Changing domains in human capital measurement
Authors: Chrysler-Fox Pharny D. , Roodt Gert
Published: September 2014

Orientation: The management context is dynamic; this is especially evident in human capital as the primary source of value creation as opposed to physical and natural resources. In response, measurement methodologies have moved from a transactional approach (strategy implementation) to a transformational approach (human capital contribution paradigm), as well as diverging into different purposes. To date, there has been little overlap on recent domains to consider in managing and measuring the contribution of the human resource function and employees, and how to unlock and add value.Research purpose: The aim of the study was to explore and describe changing domains within human capital management to be managed and measured.Motivation for the study: The motivation was to advance the understanding of changing measurement domains to aid practitioners to manage and measure the contribution of the human resource function and employees, in order to unlock and add value and ultimately contribute to the success of an organisation.Research design, approach and method: Unstructured, in-depth interview data of purposively selected cases from a selected panel of human resource practitioners specialising in human capital measurement was thematically analysed in this exploratory-descriptive investigation.Main findings: Findings suggested that seven domains should be managed and measured. These domains highlight new areas of impact and levels of management. In addition, crossdomain relationships in measurement allow for an understanding of the impact and potential value on which to capitalise.Practical/managerial implications: New domains to manage and measure focus the attention of practitioners beyond the transactional performance management paradigm to a transformational approach to influence the business strategy. Higher education institutions need to develop students’ cognitive skills to facilitate systems thinking.Contribution: This study suggests a new approach to managing and measuring the human capital function and the workforce.
Principles in selecting human capital measurements and metrics
Authors: Chrysler-Fox Pharny D. , Roodt Gert
Published: September 2014

Orientation: Physical and natural resources have been surpassed by human capital as aresource of wealth creation. As a result, senior management relies increasingly on appropriatepeople information to drive strategic change. Yet, measurement within the human resourcefunction predominantly informs decisions in support of efficiency and effectiveness. Consequently, dissimilar understanding of measurement expectations between these partieslargely continues.Research purpose: The study explored principles in selecting human capital measurements,drawing on the views and recommendations of human resource management professionals,all experts in human capital measurement.Motivation for the study: The motivation was to advance the understanding of selectingappropriate and strategic valid measurements, in order for human resource practitioners tocontribute to creating value and driving strategic change.Research design, approach and method: A qualitative approach, with purposively selectedcases from a selected panel of human capital measurement experts, generated a datasetthrough unstructured interviews, which were analysed thematically.Main findings: Nineteen themes were found. They represent a process that considers thecentrality of the business strategy and a systemic integration across multiple value chains inthe organisation through business partnering, in order to select measurements and generatemanagement level-appropriate information.Practical/managerial implications: Measurement practitioners, in partnership withmanagement from other functions, should integrate the business strategy across multiplevalue chains in order to select measurements. Analytics becomes critical in discoveringrelationships and formulating hypotheses to understand value creation. Higher educationinstitutions should produce graduates able to deal with systems thinking and to operatewithin complexity.Contribution: This study identified principles to select measurements and metrics. Noticeableis the move away from the interrelated scorecard perspectives to a systemic view of theorganisation in order to understand value creation. In addition, the findings may help toposition the human resource management function as a strategic asset.