bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membudaya Kembali Kajian Radio: Perspektif Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Ibrahim Intan Soliha
Published: October 2021

Teori elektromagnetik yang diformula oleh Maxwell telah menyumbang kepada pembentukan industri radio. Radio kemudiannya menjadi sebuah medium yang popular dan kajian terhadap radio menjadi fenomena apabila berperanan sebagai sebuah medium yang berupaya mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan pemikiran masyarakat. Radio mempengaruhi masyarakat menerusi kandungan yang disusun dalam bentuk segmen. Drama radio terbitan Orson Welles yang berjudul The War of the Worlds yang disiarkan pada 30 Oktober 1938 telah menjadi pencetus kepada pembangunan ilmu komunikasi. Setelah globalisasi dan televisyen diperkenal, kajian terhadap radio mula berkurangan seolah-olah kajian radio telah mencapai tahap tepu yang tidak boleh berkembang. Penciptaan teknologi digital telah merubah permainan industri apabila berlakunya kebangkitan sarjana yang mengkaji radio dalam ruang lingkup digital. Sarjana lantang berhujah mengenai keperluan teori radio dalam era revolusi industri 4.0 atas justifikasi kekurangan kajian dan teori mengenai radio. Justeru itu, halatuju perbincangan makalah ini adalah untuk membincangkan perkembangan industri radio berdasarkan pemikiran ahli fikir dan sarjana terdahulu dan terkini. Makalah ini dibahagikan kepada tiga bahagian. Bahagian pertama membincangkan tentang idea dan pemikiran sarjana (1930-1950) terhadap radio. Bahagian kedua berhujah mengenai teori radio dan pemikiran sarjana dari tahun 1960 sehingga 1980. Bahagian ketiga membincang mengenai halatuju teori penyiaran radio dalam era digital. Makalah ini ialah usaha untuk menghidupkan dan membudaya kajian mengenai radio yang telah lama mengalami penurunan daripada segi angka.
Kehormatan dan Maruah dalam Ngayau II Karya Amil Jaya
Authors: Derak Rosmah , Amat Asmiaty , Manap Nor Ain
Published: October 2021

Kehormatan atau harga diri menjadi intipati utama yang cuba dipaparkan oleh Amil Jaya dalam novel Ngayau II. Novel ini merupakan novel keempat yang ditulis oleh Amil Jaya atau Ismail Abbas selepas Cerah, Ngayau dan Bagaton. Ngayau II terbit pada tahun 2015 merupakan rentetan kisah ngayau yang berlaku di Sarawak tetapi latarnya lebih memfokuskan tradisi ngayau yang berlaku di Sabah suatu masa dahulu. Makalah ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks menggunakan pendekatan kehormatan oleh Ali Jarishah (1990). Menurut Ali Jarishah, terdapat tujuh jenis kehormatan, iaitu kehormatan darah, harta benda, maruah, perpecahan, kezaliman, wanita dan amanah. Berdasarkan kajian ini, didapati terdapat empat jenis kehormatan yang terdapat dalam novel ini, iaitu kehormatan mempertahankan darah (nyawa), kehormatan harta benda, kehormatan mempertahankan maruah serta kehormatan wanita. Masyarakat peribumi khususnya etnik Bajau berusaha untuk mempertahankan kehormatan dan maruah mereka daripada diganggu gugat oleh lanun dan etnik Dayak yang sering mengganggu ketenteraman kampung mereka.
STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF WORK FROM HOME DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Nur Ain Alifuddin  , Ibrahim Dzurizah
Published: October 2021

When the pandemic outbreak happened back in the year 2020, the Government and the policymakers took preventive steps and directive measures to sustain social movement and infection among the citizens. Common action that has been taken globally was the implementation of lockdown. Consequently, non-essential businesses or organizations had to resolve to transition from central office to work-from-home for as long as the lockdown period ended. This has brought a greater change in the world of work and boosted the experimentation of work-from-home arrangements worldwide. Despite it being a practice that some may have experienced before, it is still relatively uncommon and unusual to be done on such a large scale for some countries. Therefore, many are interested to see the outcome of work-from-home, the impact it had on employers, employees, and companies. However, the ample amount of works of literature made it hard to distinguish the direction and trend of this research. This paper aims to identify and highlight the major findings on the impacts of work-from-home by reviewing 55 published papers in the year between 2020 to 2021 and analyze them through a thematic analysis. The results show 60 percent of these studies are covered by the field of social sciences which both involve developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, the impact of work-from-home was found common as the problem used to arise even before the pandemic happened. This gives an opportunity in future studies to finally resolve some of these problems if work-from-home soon becomes the 'new norm' in the world of work.
Analisis Penerapan Media Pembelajaran berbasis E-Lumak pada Mata Kuliah Statistik Pendidikan PG-PAUD UM Kendari
Authors: Usman Usman , Arfin Arfin , Amaludin Roni , Nurlina Nurlina , Risnajayanti Risnajayanti
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis penerapan media e-lumak dalam pembelajaran statistik pendidikan pada mahasiswa PG-PAUD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Tempat dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari pada mahasiswa yang memprogramkan mata kuliah statistik Pendidikan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021.  Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dan dosen pengampu matakuliah statistik pendidikan. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitin maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) Media e-lumak sudah cukup baik dalam pembelajaran online pada mata kuliah statistik pendidikan di masa pandemi covid-19. Terdapat tiga tahapan dalam pembelajaran melalui media e-lumak antara lain tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap evaluasi; (2) Kelebihan penerapan media e-lumak adalah  fitur-fitur yang sangat kompleks. Kekurangan media e-lumak adalah server kurang stabil.
Tomorrowland Around the World 2020: A Virtual Pilgrimage
Authors: King Amy
Published: October 2021

The year 2020 was devastating to electronic music festivals and their attendees as the COVID-19 pandemic forced most festivals to cancel their events. Because attendance at these festivals is a sacred experience for many of their participants, this manifested as a loss for participants. Tomorrowland, however, created a virtual festival through filming DJ performances and working with visual effects teams. Tomorrowland Around the World functioned to constitute a global public. This paper will situate the electronic music scene in a spiritual context that promotes the well-being of its participants. Next, the paper will explain how the DJ performances worked with the visual production teams to create a sacred virtual space that promoted unity, love, life, and a general sense of well-being.
TINJAUAN HUKUM KEADAAN MEMAKSA(FORCE MAJEURE) DALAM PELAKSANAAN KONTRAK BISNIS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Habeahan Besty , Siallagan Sena Rusiana
Published: October 2021

The Legal Review of Force Majeure in the implementation of business contracts during the covid-19 pandemic objectives of knowing whether covid 19 pandemic defined by the government as a national disaster which can be classified as a force majeure in the implementation of business contract and to find out how to solve the law against default in the implementation of business contract during the covid 19 as a national disaster. The library research, namely the research conducted in the library where the data is obtained from available data by reading and studying books such as laws of regulation, Scientific works, dictionaries and so on. Based on the method used, the result of this study indicate that force majeure is relative, so the cases that occur must be studied first, because not all the parties get loss but some of them get profit, for the implementation of achievement can be done by considering great effort and sacrifice. Relative Force Majeure is exemption from lost and interest costs, but not for cancelation of agreement. A right solution to solve from dispute is by negotiating with the parties, because the covid 19 pandemic it’s self is a new event.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS HUBUNGAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT DAN DAERAH SAAT TERJADI WABAH VIRUS COVID-19 DALAM KARANTINA WILAYAH SESUAI DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2018 KEKARANTINAAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Siburian Kasman , Hutahaean Ondo Puro
Published: October 2021

The determination of the status of the Covid-19 Pandemic by the World Health Organization based on the number of spread of the virus has increased significantly and sustainably globally, this has been responded by the Government of Indonesia by setting the status of the Covid-19 outbreak as a National Disaster on March 14 as stated in the Decree President Number 12 of 2020 concerning the Designation of Non-Natural Disaster for the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a National Disaster. The principle of the unitary state emphasizes the highest power over all state affairs, namely the central government without a delegation or delegation of power to the regional government (local government). Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that, considering that there are still problems with coordination, communication and synergy that were felt at the beginning of this pandemic, it is considered to be still lacking. The government should have responded quickly to the pandemic which in turn affected the entire handling process. However, it has been seen that the government is increasingly focused and realizes that coordination is important, one of which is reflected in the existence of a task force and a study of the status of various regions in Indonesia. This is done for the common interest of handling the Covid-19 health emergency.
PERANAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN KEADILAN MELALUI KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN
Authors: Naibaho Rinsofat , Hasibuan Indra Jaya M.
Published: October 2021

Judicial power is an independent power to conduct justice and to uphold law and justice. One of the executors of the judicial power was carried out by the Supreme Court. The role of the Supreme Court as the executor of judicial power is urgently needed as a suppressor of any violation of the law, the last place is seeking truth and justice, and the guardian of citizen freedom from all forms of violations of Human Rights. This Research has a formulation of the problem what is the role of the Supreme Court in upholding law and justice and what are the driving factors and obstacles to the Supreme Court in carrying out its role throught the judicial authority. The purpose of this study is to know and understand the extent to which the independence and independence of the Supreme Court at this time, to understand the role of the Supreme Court in upholding law and justice, and to know the driving factors and obstacles of the Supreme Court in carrying out its role through judicial power. Based on the analysis carried out, it was concluded that the Supreme Court in carrying out its duties and functions has 2 (two) roles, that is as the the Supreme Court Judiciary that carries out the judicial function of making regulations to fill the vacancy in order to smooth the judicial process as a State High Institutions that carries out non-judicial functions, which includes providing legal considerations/advice to other State High Institutions.
BAŞARISIZ DEVLET OLGUSU ÜZERİNDEN ARAP BAHARININ LİBYA’YA ETKİSİ
Authors: SÜRMELİOĞLU PARLAR Derya
Published: October 2021

2010’da Tunus’ta başlayan ve oradan diğer bölge ülkelerine yayılan Arap Baharının doğrudan etkilediği ülkelerden birini Libya oluşturmuştur. Daha fazla demokrasi ve özgürlük söylemiyle başlayan Libya halk hareketi 2011’de Muammer Kaddafi’nin devrilmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Ancak rejim değişikliği Libya’ya beklenen demokrasi, özgürlük ve istikrar ortamını henüz getirmemiştir. İktidar için rekabet eden farklı grupların karşı karşıya geldiği, 2011’den itibaren kendini hissettiren iç savaşla Libya, bölgesel ve bu şekilde uluslararası barışa risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu uzantıda 2011’den beri devam eden istikrarsızlıkla Libya, başarısız devlet indekslerinde hep üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Arap Baharının Libya istikrarını hangi yönde etkilediğini başarısız devlet olgusu üzerinden açıklamak bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Nitel yöntem uygulanan çalışmada yapılan veri analizleri sonucunda Arap Baharının Libya’da beklenen istikrar ve barış ortamını henüz yaratmadığı ortaya konulmuştur. Libya örneği üzerinden okunduğunda Arap Baharında olduğu gibi halkın demokrasi ve özgürlük taleplerinin yarattığı her otoriter iktidar değişikliğinin her zaman ülkelere doğrudan barış ve istikrar getirmediği, ülkeleri daha da kırılgan hale getirebildiği ortaya çıkmaktadır.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN CACAH DENGAN MODEL PERMAINAN LACAK KARTU BILANGAN PADA SISWA KELAS III SD NEGERI 011 TITIAN RESAK
Authors: LESTARI SRI
Published: October 2021

Untuk dapat mempelajari sesuatu dengan baik, kita perlu mendengar, melihat, bertanya, dan mendiskusikannya dengan orang lain. Tidak hanya itu, siswa perlu "melakukannya", yang menggambarkan sesuatu dengan caranya sendiri, menunjukkan misalnya, mencoba untuk mempraktikkan keterampilan dan tugas yang membutuhkan pengetahuan yang telah mereka peroleh. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (a) Ingin tahu seberapa besar pemahaman dan penguasaan mata pelajaran MATEMATIKA setelah penerapan permainan lacak kartu bilangan. (b)Ingin tahu pengaruh motivasi siswa setelah penerapan permainan lacak kartu bilangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat fase: desain, aktivitas dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari analis ditemukan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, yaitu siklus pertama (42,85%), siklus kedua (89,28%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode pengajaran berbasis permainan lacak kartu bilangan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar kelas III, dan model ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran matematika.
Impediments to Compliance with Hand Hygiene among Medical and Dental Students in Medical and Dental College
Authors: Sisodiya Harshita Hemant , Sisodiya Sneha Hemant , Gandhi Nikhil Jaykumar
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the first line of defense and a cost-effective method for reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and antibiotic resistance. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have adequate knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Ensuring proper education of trainees is required as they are the healthcare providers of the future.
Aim: To assess the impediments that both medical and dental trainees face in performing effective hand hygiene.
Materials and Methods: The study questionnaire based on WHO’s concepts of "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" and “Six Steps of Hand Hygiene” was sent to 225 participants from 2nd & 3rd MBBS and BDS courses. Associations between variables of interest were tested using the chi-square (χ2) test. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Total 184 (81.9%) students from medical and 41(18.2%) from dental stream participated, 118 out of 225 were females and 107 were males.
Out of 225, 175 (77.8%) participants used soap and water, 32 (14.2%) used hand rub.
Also 98 out of 225 (43.6%) participants think that because of workload the steps of handwashing were missed. The various facilities like access to water, wash basin, soap, hand-rub, facilities for drying hands required for hand hygiene may be lacking as per 31.6% participants.
It was noticed that 96 out of 225 (42.7%) use hand rub for less than 10 seconds duration, 86 (38.2%) for 11-20 seconds, 30 (13.3%) for 21-30 seconds while only 13(5.8%) used hand-rub for than 30 seconds.
For performing handwash, 141 out of 225 (62.7%) used cloth towel, 62(27.6%) used paper-towel and 22(9.8%) used dryer for drying hands.
205 out of 225 (91.1%) participants think increasing the frequency of training and audits will help in improving the hand hygiene.
Conclusion: Formal training in of hand hygiene needs to be incorporated in teaching at the undergraduate level which would ensure adequate and appropriate utilization of resources. Provision of adequate hand hygiene supplies, particularly soap and facilities for drying hands needs to be ensured.

Key words: Healthcare associated infections, Hand rub, Hand wash, Undergraduate students.
Health Related Quality of Life among Patients’ Family Members Visiting Hospital during
COVID-19
Authors: Awale Shanti , Bajracharya Shobha Laxmi , Panthee Bimala
Published: October 2021

Background: The Corona Virus Disease-19 pandemic has brought serious psychological impact among all group of people around the globe. Nepal is not exception on it. The long effect of it (around 2 years) has affected every aspect of individual’s life including the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the people). This study aimed to find out the HRQOL among patients’ family members who were visiting hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal.
Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 200 family members (20 to 60 years) of patients visiting Patan Hospital, Nepal, during COVID-19 pandemic in July to August, 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire- World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) Version was used to measure the quality of life. Descriptive and inferential (ANOVA, Independent t-test) statistics was used for data analysis. P value was set at 0.05.
Results: Out of 200 family members, 66.0% were male and mean age was 32.68±SD-9.360 years. About 20.0% had history of COVID-19 infection. Respondents’ overall QOL and satisfaction was neutral. The higher mean score (13.92±2.54) was found on social relation, followed by psychological health (13.68±1.74), physical health (13.14±1.54), and environmental health (12.53±1.74). There was significant association between education status and overall QOL and overall satisfaction (F=3.38, p=0.01; F=3.68, p=0.00, respectively). Furthermore, educational status and employment status were significantly associated with physical health domain (F=2.78, p=0.02; F=2.71, p=0.02, respectively).
Conclusion: Overall QOL and satisfaction of respondents’ was neutral. The higher mean score was found on social relation, followed by psychological health, physical health and environmental health.

Key words: COVID-19, Family members, Health related quality of life.
Factors Impacting Customer Loyalty to LienVietPostBank, Binh Thuan Province
Authors: Vuong Thai Dong Ngoc , Nghi Nguyen Quoc
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is to determine factors affecting the loyalty of individual customers to LienVietPostBank Binh Thuan. Research data are collected from 395 individual customers who are recently using services at LienVietPostBank Binh Thuan. The study applies exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression. The research results have proved that positive affecting factors to the loyalty of individual customers to LienVietPostBank Binh Thuan are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, sympathy, tangible facilities, the reasonableness of service charges, social responsibility, and customer satisfaction. In which, satisfaction and sympathy have the most influence on the loyalty of individual customers to LienVietPostBank Binh Thuan.

Keywords: Loyalty, individual customer, service quality, LienVietPostBank Binh Thuan.
A Collection of Multimodal Melanoma Data
Authors: Korfiati Aigli , Livanos Giorgos , Konstandinou Christos
Published: October 2021

Computer-aided diagnosis, prognosis and therapy systems have been of great interest for a number of years. The availability of big volumes of data and of powerful computational resources have allowed artificial intelligence approaches to emerge in melanoma related studies. However, for such approaches to have good predictive performances data availability is of crucial importance. Melanoma related imaging, biological and clinical data can be found partially and scattered in various repositories. Thus, in this work, we assemble in a web accessible database, named ebioMelDB, the widest collection of clinical and dermoscopy images accompanied with patient clinical data and the widest collection of RNA-Seq gene expression data accompanied with patient clinical data. The database organization allows users to select the data that are appropriate for their application of interest (diagnosis, prognosis and therapy).

Keywords: melanoma database, integrated data, dermoscopy, imaging, RNA-Seq, clinical data.
Survey of Absorbed Dose from Chest X-Ray of Paediatric Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria:
A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Emmanuel Zedekiah Uriah , Ogolodom Michael Promise , Nathaniel Mbaba Awajimjana
Published: October 2021

Background: Radiation protection in paediatric radiology deserves special attention as children are supposed to be more sensitive to radiation than adults.
Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the radiation doses for paediatric patients undergoing diagnostic chest X-ray examination.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey, which targeted paediatric patients of (0-10) years who were referred by their physicians for chest X-rays examination. The data used for this work were generated using a Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) chip. One TLD chips was placed in the front of the chest to measure the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) (µGy) and another at the back of the patient directly opposite the one in front to measure the Exit Dose (ED) (µGy). Patient dose, age, ESD, ED and absorbed dose were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean ESD, ED and absorbed dose values were 1.8330± 1.122mGy, 1.0913± 0.7505mGy and 0.7520 ± 3.8160mGy respectively. The ED values in chest X-rays were 0.73± 0.30mGy for age group <1 year, 1.15± 0.91mGy for age group 1-5 years and 6-10 years 1.09± 0.75mGy. The ESD were 3.06 ± 1.76mGy for age group <1, 3.02± 2.04mGy for age group 1-5 years and 6-10 years 1.83± 1.12mGy. The absorbed dose values obtained were 1.88± 1.75mGy for age group <1 year, 1.88± 1.67mGy for age group 1-5 years and 0.75± 3.82mGy for age group 6-10 year.
Conclusion: The values for Exit Dose, Entrance Surface Doses, and Absorbed Dose have been determined and it was found to be slightly higher than UNSCEAR values.

Keywords: Children, Diagnostic reference level, Radiation.
La Satisfaction Du Consommateur Socialement Responsable : Une Etude Empirique Au Maroc
Authors: Da SILVA Carlos Filipe Inglês , Da SILVA Carlos Filipe Inglês , SÂAD Ben Bachir
Published: October 2021

Notre objectif dans ce travail était d'identifier la relation entre les consommateurs socialement responsables et leur satisfaction en considérant le marketing mix et des éléments tels que l'éthique, l'utilité, l'attractivité et le bouche à oreille comme des éléments moteurs de la décision de ces derniers. À cette fin, nous avons mené une étude empirique qui a commencé par une analyse de la littérature et s'est terminée par une enquête menée auprès de 64 citoyens marocains et personnes vivant au Maroc. Nous avons constaté que les éléments de marketing ont une influence positive sur la satisfaction des consommateurs socialement responsables, 68,75% des répondants étant satisfaits de leur consommation socialement responsable.
SOCIAL CONDITIONALITY OF ESTABLISHING CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ILLEGAL PRODUCTION AND TURNOVER OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Authors: Vissarov V.A.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the factors that served as the basis for the establishment of a criminal law ban on the illegal production and turnover of alcoholic beverages. The author analyzes scientific approaches to determining the grounds for criminalization of acts and analyzes the factors that gave rise to the formation of a criminal law ban. Taking into account the above approaches, the author identifies the following criteria for establishing a criminal law ban: public danger, its prevalence, compliance with the norms of current legislation, the impossibility of achieving the goals by the norms of other branches of legislation and the presence of forces of an objective possibility of the proof process. The analysis of the historical continuity of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the issue of criminal liability for illegal production and turnover of alcoholic beverages is carried out. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the establishment of criminal liability by the legislator for illegal production and trafficking of alcoholic beverages is socially conditioned, since it was carried out taking into account scientific criteria for criminalizing acts.
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULATORY LEGAL ACTS IN THE FIELD OF TREATMENT OF ANIMALS WITHOUT OWNERS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION
Authors: Dzhunusova D.N.
Published: October 2021

The study is devoted to the issues of animal neglect, which have been acute in Russia since the late

1990s. The article touches upon some problems related to the implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law «On responsible treatment of animals». The results of the analysis of the current situation with neglected animals in the Astrakhan region are presented. The legal and organizational aspects of the activities for the treatment of animals without owners in the region are considered. The author comes to the conclusion that the most important condition for solving the problem of neglected animals on the territory of our region is the implementation of all measures stipulated in the normative legal acts in the field of handling animals without owners, and coordinated work on the organization of events in the implementation of activities in this area of the executive authorities of the Astrakhan region and local self-government bodies. It is necessary to improve the legal and social culture of society, to develop a responsible attitude towards animals among people.
REGULATORY LEGAL ACTS OF THE CHRISTIANIZING POLICY OF TSARISM: ORDER OF SEPTEMBER 11, 1740
Authors: Taymasov L.A.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes one of the important legal acts of the XVIII century – the Decree of september 11, 1740, which defined the activities of a special institute of missionaries under the leadership of Archimandrite Dmitry Sechenov on the conversion to Orthodoxy of «non-believers» of various provinces of the Russian Empire. As a result of the implementation of the decree main provisions, the Commission of Novokreschen Affairs, which had been operating in the Kazan diocese since 1731, was reorganized into the Novokreschen Office. The baptism of Chuvash, Mari, Mordvins, Udmurts, Tatars has become widespread. The establishment of absolutism and the proclamation of the empire required the adjustment of the national and religious policy of the Russian autocracy. The main attention was paid to the Middle Volga region as a region located in the central part of the state. Although the law regulated the measures of baptism of all «Kazan gentiles», but it was aimed primarily at curbing the influence of Islam, gradual ethno-confessional unification of the population. The decree of September 11, 1740 has an ambiguous assessment in the literature, but it played a significant role in the transformation of the spiritual culture of the peoples of Russia.
SCHOOL COOPERATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: HISTORY OR A STEP INTO THE FUTURE
Authors: Nikitina A.A.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the history of the cooperative movement in Russian schools, the modern development of the cooperative movement and school entrepreneurship in the Republic of Bashkortostan; suggests measures and a roadmap for the development of school cooperation and entrepreneurship in the region, the implementation of which will allow organizing a stable regional school cooperative system, and will also contribute to the withdrawal of cooperative formations from the crisis. The author substantiates the need to provide effective state support through the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan to the system of consumer cooperation, since school cooperation can contribute to increasing not only the economic, but also the social effect: it will allow students of grades 8-11 to form entrepreneurial competencies, more effectively use agricultural land, which are household plots of municipal schools, to increase the income of schools and their students from cooperation with cooperative organizations, and will also contribute to improving the food security of the region by saturating the consumer market with high-quality locally produced goods.
Temas da história e da historiografia da educação no Espírito Santo – Volume 2
Authors: Simões Regina Helena Silva , Berto Rosianny Campos , Luiz Miriã Lúcia
Published: October 2021

“Ancorados em percursos bibliográficos pertinentes, em coleções documentais cuidadosamente elaboradas e apresentando recortes temporais que exploram, com propriedade, indícios que puderam ser perscrutados das ações de mulheres e homens nos séculos XVI, XIX, XX e XXI, os relatos das pesquisas – transformados em capítulos que podem ser lidos tanto a partir do ordenamento estabelecido pelas organizadoras quanto por outros arranjos promovidos – registram a importância do estranhamento e da desnaturalização para que novos questionamentos e reflexões conheçam as suas condições de emergência. Nessa medida, a pluralidade de temáticas abordadas, os realces conferidos para as formas escolares e para as outras práticas difusas educacionais, a engenhosidade com que as periodizações foram manejadas são indiciários dos significados dessas partilhas de experiências que foram (e permanecem sendo) operadas no âmbito do Nucaphe para que apreciemos o quanto já foi desbravado, bem como o muito que ainda resta por ser investigado acerca da história da educação capixaba”. José Claudio Sooma Silva
Dileme și provocări în sprijinirea cursurilor de etică, deontologie și integritate academică
Authors: LUPU Gabriel-Stănică
Published: October 2021

Societatea informațională și globalizarea aduc, precum orice tendință și schimbare majoră în istoria umană, avantaje și dezavantaje pentru individ și pentru întreaga societate. Odată cu circulația extrem de rapidă a informației, cu creșterea accesului la baze de date uriașe, cu apariția mijloacelor de comunicare la distanță care permit părților implicate să interacționeze în timp real, să transfere volume mari de date, au apărut și situații în care persoane individuale sau grupuri, au abuzat de aceste facilități și le-au exploatat în scopuri lipsite de responsabilitate etică, afectând instituții, specialiști din mediul academic, indivizi din diverse zone profesionale, atât din punct de vedere al imaginii, cât și patrimonial. Formarea și integrarea viitorilor specialiști pe piața muncii, în economie, în educație, în sănătate sau în administrație, necesită nu doar bagajul de cunoștințe aferent domeniului de studiu. Este nevoie de formarea unor comportamente, caractere și atitudini adecvate privitoare la integritate, etică, deontologie profesională. Acest lucru se obține prin educarea, conștientizarea și stimularea tinerilor, în vederea construirii valorilor morale până la virtuți, astfel încât să aibă un aport crescut la performanța unității în care își desfășoară activitatea, concomitent cu îmbunătățirea culturii organizaționale din care fac parte. Nu toți studenții vor activa în cercetare sau în educație. Acest lucru nu este relevant atunci când vorbim de necesitatea formării unor comportamente etice pe termen lung. Studentul de azi, viitorul profesionist, poate fi un serios element de influență pozitivă și formare adecvată a generațiilor următoare, de la catedră, din mediul de afaceri, dintr-o întreprindere sau dintr-o instituție publică.
The Effect of a Task-Based, Curriculum-Enrichment Program for Vocabulary Learning Strategies on Saudi University Students
Authors: Al-Yahya Ibtesam Mohammed
Published: October 2021

The current study set to investigate the effect of introducing particular vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) to Saudi, female students. The strategies implemented were six: 'grouping words together to study them' (GW); 'putting English labels on physical objects' (LO); 'using scales for gradable words'(SC); 'using semantic maps'(SM); 'using the keyword method' (KW) and 'studying words with a pictorial representation of their meaning' (PR). The participants were a group of 90 level-one students studying in the Department of English Language and Translation at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh. They were assigned to two groups: control (N= 44) and experimental (N=46); only the experimental group received instructions on those strategies in a form of task-based, curriculum-enrichment materials. To assess the effectiveness of such a VLS instruction (VLSI) program, three areas were examined: the students' vocabulary learning (VL), the frequency of strategy-use, and their VLS repertoire. The data of the study were derived from three instruments: pre-post vocabulary achievement test (VAT), pre-post questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the data revealed the effectiveness of the VSBI program in the areas identified above. First, it improved the students' vocabulary achievement as well as their VL, in general. Second, it increased the frequency of using general categories of VLSs (i.e. VLSs altogether, consolidation strategies, metacognitive strategies). It also increased the frequency of using five of the taught strategies which were GW, LO, SC, KW, and PR. Third, the VSBI program proved to be positive in that it changed and improved the students' VLS repertoire.
Frequency of Radial Artery Occlusion (RAO) in Patients undergoing Percutaneous Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Rahman Gauhar , Mahmood Hamid , Fawad Ahmad , Ali Zohaib , Bahadar Khan Sher , . Shahzeb
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of radial artery occlusion (RAO) in patients undergoing percutaneous cardiac catheterization. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at cardiology department of Cat A Hospital Batkhela and Fauji Foundation Hospital Peshawar for six months duration from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: Total one hundred and forty patients of both genders were included in this study. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients who underwent percutaneous cardiac catheterization were presented in this study. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking history were analyzed. Frequency of radial artery occlusion (RAO) was measured by Barbeau test. Chi square test and fisher test was used to measure prevalence of RAO with respect to comorbidities. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Results: There were 100 (71.4%) male patients and 40 (28.6%) patients were females. Mean age of the patients was 53.7±8.44 years with mean BMI 28.6±9.51 kg/m2. Mean height of the patients 167.5 ± 5.11 cm with mean weight 75.9±11.14 kg. Most common risk factor was hypertension found in 90 (64.3%) cases, followed by smokers 80 (57.14%) and diabetes mellitus 75 (53.6%). Prevalence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) was found among 25 (17.9%) cases, most of them were females. Prevalence of RAO was most common among smokers 20 (80%) followed by diabetes mellitus 17 (68%) and hypertension 14 (56%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that frequency of radial artery occlusion (RAO) was 17.9% among patients undergoing percutaneous cardiac catheterization. Hypertension, smoking and diabetes were the most common risk factors among all these cases. To achieve long-term patency of the radial artery in patients with high predictors of RAO, meticulous management and close follow-up are essential. Keywords: Cardiac Catheterization, Radial Artery Occlusion (RAO), DM, HTN, Smoking
A Study on the Correlation Between Endoscopic Findings and Symptoms of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Almani Kamran , Keerio Shakir Hussain , Zeb Shaista , Arshad Imran , Ali Saqib
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a physiological passage of stomach contents into the esophagus. It is basically the pathological complications and symptoms. Endoscopy is a gold standard investigation tool that eliminates the gastroesophageal reflux disease co-morbidities such as malignancy and Barret’s esophagus. The present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation between endoscopic findings and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Materials and Methods: This intervention cross-sectional study was carried out on 109 gastro esophageal reflux disease patients in Gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad for six months duration from January 2021 to June 2021. Suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease patients were assessed thoroughly by physical examination, history, and endoscopy for gastrointestinal symptoms. Severity, symptom type, duration, and frequency were assessed as clinical symptoms. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings were evaluated in terms of esophageal erosions, and their grades such as Grade A, Grade B, Grade C, and Grade D. The endoscopy abnormal findings such as hernia, esophagus, malignancy, and Barret’s esophagus were correlated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Result: Out of 109 patients, 78 (71.5%) were females while 31 (28.5%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 43.54 ± 7.3 years with an age range between 25 and 67 years and the mean BMI was 43.34 ± 5.76 kg/m2. Gastro esophageal reflux disease symptoms such as malignancy and Barrett’s esophagus shown no evidence on pre-operative endoscopy. About 29 (26.6%) patients had normal endoscopy. The symptomatic patients were 80 (73.4%) which were categorized based on LA classifications into Grade A 62 (77.5%), Grade B 13 (16.3%), Grade C 3 (3.8%) and Grade D 2 (2.5%). Based on the reflux score system, patients were distributed as mild 43 (53.8%), moderate 11 (13.8%), severe 5 (6.3%), and very severe 21 (26.3%). Conclusion: Our study found a significant correlation between gastro esophageal reflux disease and endoscopy esophagitis findings. Pre-operative endoscopy should be carried for abnormal endoscopy in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Keywords: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Endoscopy, Esophagitis
Frequency of Lingual Nerve Damage during Surgical Removal of Impacted 3rd Molar
Authors: Abbas Wajiha , Hussain Umer , Shahid Ali , Qadeer Mustafa , Anwaar Alam Muhammad , Amjad Aneela
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Professional skills, training and experience is mandatory for removing impacted 3rd molars with aid of local/general anesthesia, sedation. As for symptomatic 3rd molars decision for removing is not difficult usually, but for removing asymptomatic 3rd molars decision is less clear & requiring good clinical experience. Objective: The objective this study was to determine frequency of lingual nerve damage during surgical removal of impacted 3rd molar Design: Descriptive cases series Study Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta over 6 months (April 10, 2018 till Oct 10, 2018). Materials and Methods: All 149 cases after approval of hospital ethical committee fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. After clinical and radiographic diagnosis of affected tooth like depth, position or any other difficulty, the surgical procedure was selected. An impacted tooth was labeled when it was failed to explode into the dental arch within the expected developmental window. After operation surgical sites of all patients were reviewed by the same consultant after 7 days. It was instructed to all patients that report any problem in lingual sensation; by clinical examination sensory deficits were recognized bilaterally. Results: The mean age of all cases was 29.82 ± 6.81 years with minimum and maximum age of 18 and 40 years. There were 83(55.7%) male and 66(44.3%) were females. According to types of impaction 22(14.8%) cases had Mesioangular, 10(6.7%) had Horizontal, 12(8.1%) had Vertical, 17(11.4%) had Distoangular, 14(9.4%) had Class I, 15(10.1%) had Class II, 11(7.4%) had Class III, 14(9.4%) had Class A, 16(10.7%) had Class B and 18(12.1%) cases had Class C. A total of 16(10.7%) cases had inguinal injury in this study. Conclusion: This study concludes that 10.7% cases had inguinal injury in this study. So, this procedure of impacted mandibular third molar is associated with minor but expected complications like the lingual nerve damage. Hence, preoperative and intraoperative consideration must be taken up to reduce this preventable complication. Keywords: Impacted teat, 3rd molar, surgery, complications, lingual nerve damage
Comparative effects of Silymarin and zinc complex of Betulinic acid on pyrazinamide induced Histopathological changes in Mice liver
Authors: Rehman Alia , Salim Salma , Qayyum Zunaira , Ijaz Nimra
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Liver is an important organ in the body. Due to its role in metabolism of drugs it is also a major site of drug induced liver injury. Oxidative stress plays an important role in DILI therefore use of nti-oxidants has been proposed to combat liver injury . Objective of the Study: To measure and compare Hepatoprotective effects of Zinc complex of Betulinic acid and Silymarin due to their antioxidant effects on Pyrazinamide induced Hepatotoxicity in mice. Methodology: It was an experimental randomized control trial. The research was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Multidisciplinary research laboratory at IIMCT with mutual collaboration of National Institute of Health (NIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan. Research was started after the official approval of synopsis by accredited Ethical Review Committee. Study duration was one year from 1 September 2020 to 31 august 2021. 24 adult Balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was Negative Control (NC) and did not receive any intervention. Oral pyrazinamide (500mg/kg) was administered for 28 days to the group 2 (disease control) alone and to group 3 and 4 in combination with Silymarin (100mg/kg) and Zinc complex of Betulinic Acid(1mg/kg) respectively. Mice were dissected after completion of experiment and liver samples were taken for Histopathological analysis. Hepatoprotective function of Silymarin and zinc complex of Betulinic acid was evaluated in group 3 and 4 by Histopathological changes. Results: Significant (p<0.05) changes were seen in parameters (necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular congestion) among groups. Conclusion: This study proves protective effects of zinc complex of Betulinic acid and Silymarin on pyrazinamide induced hepatotoxicity. Key Words: Hepatotoxicity, Betulinic Acid, Silymarin, Pyrazinamide, Zinc, Tuberculosis
Evaluation of Serum Ferritin Levels in Children of South Punjab (Pakistan) having Beta-Thalassemia Major with Iron-Overload Treated with Deferasirox
Authors: Batool Tayyaba , Roh Ul Amin Muhammad , Iqbal Mujahid , Malik Farooq , Khan Irfan , Shahid Younas Nadeem
Published: October 2021

Objective: To evaluated serum ferritin levels in children having beta-thalassemia major with iron-overload treated with deferasirox. Study Design: A prospective open-label observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Outpatient Department of Hematological Disorder, Thalassemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, and Department of Biochemistry, “Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Quaid e Azam Medical College”, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from February 2020 to January 2021. Material and Methods: Children aged 2 to 17 years with diagnosis of β-thalassemia major having chronic iron overload (serum ferritin > 1000 ng/ml) and 2 or more blood transfusions per month were included. Demographic information like gender, age, and residential status, contact number along with assessment of hepatitis serology, HIV status, electrocardiogram and ophthalmic findings were noted on a pre-designed proforma specially designed for this study. Deferasirox was initiated in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day and was adjusted at 3-months interval. Serum ferritin levels were measured at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, 9-months and 12-months. Results: In a total of 40 children, there were 23 (57.5%) male. Overall, mean age was calculated to be 9.1+4.2 years. Residential status of 28 (70.0%) children was rural. Mothers of 27 (67.5%) children were illiterate. At baseline, mean serum ferritin level was noted to be 4137+2319 ng/ml. Significant reduction in mean serum ferritin levels during the course of this study was found with the use of deferasirox as mean serum ferritin levels reduced significantly from baseline to 3-months, 6-months, 9-months and at 12-months as 3637+2119 ng/ml, 4081+2050 ng/ml, 4346+2349 ng/ml, 3252+2464 ng/ml and 2188+1195 ng/ml respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Deferasirox was found to be an effective iron chelation therapy among transfusion dependent thalassemia children with iron-overload. Keywords: serum ferritin, Thalassemia, iron-overload, deferasirox.
Solution to Technical Difficulties of Uterine Balloon Tamponade Placement in Primary PPH Management: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Nasim Noreen , Majid Khan Shazia , Zafar Ayesha , Yousuf Sara , Akhtar Malik Moeen
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to devise and enforce a simple yet effective method of condom placement for IUBT while dealing with all the technical difficulties in a poor resource setup to control primary PPH to save life of mother. Methodology: It is a retrospective case series study that is based on the hospital data obtained from Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan for a period of 8 months (July 2019 to Feb 2020) . Patients with persistent primary PPH after medical management who were given intra-uterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) were included in this study after evaluation for possible risk factors of PPH. Sample size was kept 30 with power of test at 80% and level of significance at 5%. Statistical assessment of the variables was done and the data was analyzed with SPSS v.21. Results: The 30 female patients, included in this study, had mean age of 30.3±6.06 years ranging from 17 to 39 years. Condom IUBT was successfully placed in 28(93.3%) patients by using 4 ring forceps applied on cervix and tied together with a gauze to keep the balloon in utero in order to control bleeding of PPH while in 2(6.66%) patients; it was unsuccessful due to inexperience of the operating staff. Out of these 28 patients with successful IUBT placement, condom based intra-uterine balloon tamponade was successful in controlling bleeding of PPH in 26(92.86%) patients while in 2(7.14%) patients, bleeding was not controlled and they underwent surgical interventions. Conclusion: Condom based Intra-uterine balloon tamponade is a simple yet effective method to control bleeding in primary postpartum hemorrhage but needs positive re-enforcement in the form of awareness/training sessions for the healthcare staff. Keywords: Catheter, Post-Partum Morbidity, Condom, Intra-Uterine Balloon Tamponade, Hemorrhage, Hysterectomy