bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous and Diastereoselective Aldol Reactions of Cyclic β‐Amino Ketones in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Lazny Ryszard , Nodzewska Aneta , Tomczuk Iwona
Published: January 2012

The syn/anti diastereoselectivity depends on the amount of water added.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some 1‐Substituted Amino‐4, 6‐Dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile Derivatives.
Authors: Khidre Rizk E. , Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , El‐Shazly Mohamed
Published: January 2012

Starting from the known pyridone (II) as key precursor, a series of novel amine condensation products are prepared by classical methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized 2,2′‐Bipyridines Based on the Blaise Reaction
Authors: Hommes Paul , Jungk Phillip , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich
Published: January 2012

E/Z‐Mixtures of N‐acylated‐β‐ketoamides are prepared from the corresponding nitriles and used as efficient precursors for the TmsOTf‐promoted cyclization to 4‐hydroxypyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Oxidation—Acyloxylation Reaction of 2‐Arylpyridines with Aldehydes or Methylarenes.
Authors: Bian Yong‐Jun , Xiang Chang‐Bing , Chen Zhi‐Ming , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: January 2012

Carboxylic acids, generated in situ by oxidation of aldehydes or methyl arenes, react with substrates (I) and (IX) to afford the desired acyloxylated products with high ortho selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones with the Aid of a Low‐Valent Titanium Reagent.
Authors: Sun Fang , Zhao Xuan , Shi Daqing
Published: January 2012

The optimized conditions allow the synthesis of title compounds (II)(10 examples) via cyclization of 2‐nitrochalcones bearing an aryl substituent at the double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminoindolizine and Quinoline Derivatives via Fe(acac)3/TBAOH‐Catalyzed Sequential Cross‐Coupling—Cycloisomerization Reactions.
Authors: Patil Sachin S. , Patil Sachin V. , Bobade Vivek D.
Published: January 2012

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of a broad spectrum of the target heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Ferro Cyanide Trihydrate Complex Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Phenylimidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline.
Authors: Ali Syed Shahed
Published: January 2012

Simple grinding of dione (I), aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in the presence of the catalyst produces products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyridazine and Pyridazinoquinazoline Derivatives in the Presence of Catalysts such as Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and 12‐Tungstophosphoric Acid (PW).
Authors: Sheibani Hassan , Esfandiarpoor Zeinab
Published: January 2012

A one‐pot three‐component procedure for the synthesis of the compounds (IV), (VI), and (VIII), which includes the use of an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Base Assisted Amination of 2‐Chloropyrimidines by Aniline Derivatives at Room Temperature.
Authors: Delvos Lukas B. , Begouin Jeanne‐Marie , Gosmini Corinne
Published: January 2012

The mild method uses zinc reagent TZB which increases the reactivity of the amine dramatically.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Povarov Reaction: An Unusual [1,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement to Dihydropyrimidobenzimidazoles.
Authors: Chen Chih‐Hau , Yellol Gorakh S. , Lin Po‐Tsung , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: January 2012

The reaction of benzimidazoleamines with carbonyl compounds and dienophiles proceeds under microwave‐assisted conditions affording products of the type (IV), (VI) or (XI) depending on the nature of the carbonyl compound and dienophile.
ChemInform Abstract: CeCl3·7H2O‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives in Liquid PEG‐400.
Authors: Wu Fang‐Wen , Hou Rei‐Sheu , Wang Huey‐Min , Kang Iou‐Jiun , Chen Ling‐Ching
Published: January 2012

Phenacyl bromides (II) possessing electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring react with o‐phenylenediamine (I) in an alternative reaction medium in the presence of cerium chloride heptahydrate as a novel catalyst to afford the 2‐aryl‐substituted quinoxalines (III) and (V) in very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluations of Novel 2H‐Benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐one Derivatives as a New Class of Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Rajitha Chittipaka , Dubey P. K. , Sunku Venkataiah , Piedrafita F. Javier , Veeramaneni Venugopal Rao , Pal Manojit
Published: January 2012

Based on key intermediate (III), novel 2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐one derivatives (VI), (VIII), and (XI) are synthesized and tested for their in vitro anti‐cancer properties against A549, DLD‐1, and MV4‐11 cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Ring‐Closure Procedure for 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,3‐thiazino[5,4‐b]indole Derivatives with Lawesson′s Reagent. The Fifth Dihydro‐1,3‐thiazino[b]indole Isomer.
Authors: Csomos Peter , Fodor Lajos , Bernath Gabor , Csampai Antal , Sohar Pal
Published: January 2012

A convenient approach for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) with a new ring system is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Macrocycles with Triphenylamine Backbone via C—N Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Tsuchiya Kousuke , Miyaishi Hiroko , Ogino Kenji
Published: January 2012

The one‐pot, palladium‐catalyzed oligomerization yields a new type of cyclic compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation of Furan‐Bridged 10‐Membered Rings on N‐Heterocycles Through [8 + 2] Cycloaddition of Dienylazaisobenzofurans and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: Roy Priyabrata , Ghorai Binay K.
Published: January 2012

o‐Alkynyl substituted N‐heterocyclic ketones of type (I) and (V) react with the chromium carbene complex (II) to generate a dienylazaisobenzofuran intermediate which undergoes [8 + 2] cycloaddition with DMAD.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Intramolecular Alkyne—Azide Cycloadditions Leading to Seven‐Membered Heterocycles.
Authors: Sau Miriam , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: January 2012

The reaction of the chiral oxirane substrates with sodium azide proceeds under microwave‐assisted conditions via ring opening and azide‐alkyne cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Palladium Phosphination: Modular Synthesis of C1‐Symmetric Biaryl‐Based Diphosphines.
Authors: Bonnafoux Laurence , Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Colobert Francoise , Leroux Frederic R.
Published: January 2012

A straightforward access to target compounds (III) without formation of the undesired phosphafluorene side‐product is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Phospha‐Michael Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Luo Xiaoyan , Zhou Zhiqiang , Li Xin , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: January 2012

The title reaction offers a new and easy method for the direct preparation of chiral phosphine oxide derivatives from pentavalent diaryl phosphine oxides and unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of a simple chiral pyrrolidine derivative as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot (1‐Ethoxycarbonylcyclopropyl)triphenylphosphonium Tetrafluoroborate Ring‐Opening and Wittig Reaction.
Authors: Chung Seung Won , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Various nucleophilic substrates are treated with NaH and converted to the ring‐opening addition product with the Wittig reagent (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Cembranoids from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum.
Authors: Tseng Yen‐Ju , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Hsu Chi‐Hsin , Dai Chang‐Feng , Sheu Jyh‐Horng
Published: January 2012

Two new metabolites, crassumolides H and I (Ib) and (II), and crassumolide G (Ia), which is discovered for the first time from natural sources, are isolated from the title coral.
ChemInform Abstract: Antitumor Activity of New Artemisinin—Chalcone Hybrids.
Authors: Xie Lijun , Zhai Xin , Liu Chun , Li Peng , Li Yangxiong , Guo Guoxian , Gong Ping
Published: January 2012

A variety of new artemisinin‐chalcone hybrids are designed, synthesized and tested for their antitumor activity.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Scalable Amide Bond Formation with Epimerization‐Prone Substrates Using T3P and Pyridine.
Authors: Dunetz Joshua R. , Xiang Yanqiao , Baldwin Aaron , Ringling Justin
Published: January 2012

The general protocol allows the preparation of a variety of carboxylic amides from acids, including amino acids, on a gram to a kilogram scale without significant epimerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐C‐Glycosides by Samarium Diiodide Mediated Coupling of Glycosyl Pyridyl Sulfones with Alkenes.
Authors: Li Gen , Xiong De‐Cai , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: January 2012

Optimized conditions are elaborated for the diastereoselective preparation of the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Activity of Novel N‐3 Acylated TSAO‐T Compounds Against HIV‐1 and HCV.
Authors: Postel Denis , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

An efficient protocol for the regioselective acylation of TSAO‐T (I) at position N‐3 using acyl chlorides under phase‐transfer conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Tiliroside Derivants.
Authors: Qin Nan , Li Chun‐Bao , Jin Mei‐Na , Shi Li‐Huan , Duan Hong‐Quan , Niu Wen‐Yan
Published: January 2012

Newly synthesized title compounds (III) are evaluated for antidiabetic properties in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Yolk/Shell Nanoparticles: New Platforms for Nanoreactors, Drug Delivery and Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jian , Qiao Shi Zhang , Chen Jun Song , Lou Xiong Wen , Xing Xianran , Lu Gao Qing
Published: January 2012

Review: 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Semimagnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Gaj J. A.
Published: January 2012

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR Studies of Nanomaterials
Authors: Smirnov Alex
Published: January 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CO Oxidation as a Prototypical Reaction for Heterogeneous Processes
Authors: Freund Hans‐Joachim , Meijer Gerard , Scheffler Matthias , Schloegl Robert , Wolf Martin
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug Discovery by Formulation Design and Innovative Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)
Authors: Okada Hiroaki
Published: January 2012

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Rearrangements of Small Cycloalkanes: Regioselectivity Trends in β‐Carbon Elimination Reactions
Authors: Aissa Christophe
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Direct Amination of Azole C—H Bonds
Authors: Zhang Ming
Published: January 2012

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of ortho‐Quinone Methide Intermediates in Catalysis and Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Pathak Tejas P. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: January 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fine Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Zhou Chun‐Hui , Xia Xi , Lin Chun‐Xiang , Tong Dong‐Shen , Beltramini Jorge
Published: January 2012

Review: 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation, Total Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Guadinomines; Potent Inhibitors of a Bacterial Type III Secretion System
Authors: Hirose Tomoyasu , Iwatsuki Masato , Omura Satoshi , Sunazuka Toshiaki
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Functionalized Oligodeoxynucleotides and Photochemical One‐Electron Oxidation of 5‐Methylcytosine in DNA
Authors: Tanabe Kazuhito , Yamada Hisatsugu , Nishimoto Sei‐ichi
Published: January 2012

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Fluorinated Derivatives
Authors: Khabashesku V. N.
Published: January 2012

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene: Chemical Approaches to the Synthesis and Modification
Authors: Grayfer E. D. , Makotchenko V. G. , Nazarov A. S. , Kim S.‐J. , Fedorov V. E.
Published: January 2012

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxide Composite Materials with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Irzhak V. I.
Published: January 2012

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Mononucleotides
Authors: Migaud M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiolytic Reduction Characteristics of Artificial Oligodeoxynucleotides Possessing 2‐Oxoalkyl Group or Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Tanabe Kazuhito , Ito Takeo , Nishimoto Sei‐ichi
Published: January 2012

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Properties of Synthetic Cytokinins. Recent Advances on Their Application
Authors: Yonova P.
Published: January 2012

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Biotransformation of Nitriles
Authors: Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: January 2012

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphene — A Promising Material for Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Wan Xiangjian , Long Guankui , Huang Lu , Chen Yongsheng
Published: January 2012

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese‐Based MRI Contrast Agents: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Pan Dipanjan , Schmieder Anne H. , Wickline Samuel A. , Lanza Gregory M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Retrospective of Ecological Approaches to Excess Sludge Reduction
Authors: Khursheed Anwar , Kazmi A. A.
Published: January 2012

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atmospheric Plasma Air Pollution Control, Solid Waste, and Water Treatment Technologies: Fundamental and Overview
Authors: Chang Jen‐Shih
Published: January 2012

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Importance of Green Chemistry in Process Research & Development
Authors: Dunn Peter J.
Published: January 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Spin—Spin Couplings
Authors: Kamienska‐Trela Krystyna , Wojcik Jacek
Published: January 2012

Review: 350 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Nuclear Shielding
Authors: Kuroki Shigeki , Matsukawa Shingo , Yasunaga Hidekazu
Published: January 2012

Review: 466 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Relaxation of Paramagnetic Spins
Authors: Misra Sushil K.
Published: January 2012

Review: 147 refs.
Benefit‐Risk Assessment of Current Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hohnloser Stefan H.
Published: January 2012

Over the last decade, several rhythm‐versus rate‐control trails in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have failed to demonstrate benefit of the rhythm control strategy with respect to mortality and morbidity. This had let to the guideline recommendation that antiarrhythmic drug therapy should be considered predominantly for sympt0matic improvement of patients. Recent trails and meta‐analyses have demonstrated that amiodarone is the most antiarrhythmic drug currently available. However, its use has been associated with many adverse effects. Currently, dronedarone is the only available antiarrhythmic drug which has shown a reduction in cardiovascular hospitalizations in medium‐risk AF patients. However, the drug was associated with increased mortality in patients with recently decompensated heart failure. Hence, antiarrhythmic drug therapy has to be evaluated in patients with AF on an individual patients basis.

Dr. Hohnloser received an honorarium through an educational grant from Sanofi Aventis for time and expertise spent writing this article. Dr. Hohnloser reports receiving consulting fees from Bayer, BMS; Cardiome, Pfizer, MSD, and Sanofi Aventis; research grants from Sanofi Aventis and St. Jude Medical, and lecture fees from BMS, Cardiome, Medtronic, Sanofi Aventis, and St. Jude Medical.
Carotid Artery Stenting in Clinical Practice: Does Sex Matter? Results From the Carotid Artery Stenting Registry of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK)
Authors: Werner Nicolas , Zeymer Uwe , Mark Bernd , Hochadel Matthias , Hauptmann Karl Eugen , Jung Jens , Hoffmann Ellen , Elsässer Albrecht , Fürste Thomas , Leschke Matthias , Mudra Harald , Zahn Ralf ,   Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK)
Published: January 2012

Background:

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is increasingly used for treatment of severe carotid artery stenosis, but only few procedural risk factors for complications of CAS are clearly defined yet. A possible impact of the patient's gender on the outcome of patients undergoing CAS has not been investigated properly and only little information about this topic is available so far.

Methods:

We analysed data of the German prospective, multicenter CAS Registry of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft leitende kardiologische Krankenhausärzte.

Results:

From July 1996 to May 2009 5130 patients underwent CAS at 35 German hospitals and were enrolled into the prospective ALKK CAS Registry. Therefrom 1443 (28.1%) patients were female. There was no significant time‐related difference in the proportion of women undergoing CAS over the years. Women undergoing CAS were significantly older than men (73 years vs. 70 years, p < 0.01) and had a longer in hospital stay in comparison to men (p < 0.01). The majority of patients treated with CAS was between 60 and 80 years of age (∼73%). No significant differences between women and men could be found regarding in‐hospital events like death (0.5% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.99), major or minor stroke (1.7% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.97; 1.0% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.12), TIA (2.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.64), amaurosis fugax (0.3% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.25) , intracranial bleeding (0.5% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.43), myocardial infarction (0.1% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.48) or all non‐fatal strokes and all death (3.0% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.47). 30 day event rates did not show gender related differences in the combined endpoint of the outcome of patients undergoing CAS, as well (♀ n = 31/882 [3.5%] vs. ♂ n = 109/2273 [4.8%], p = 0.12).

Conclusion:

Our results do not suggest any gender‐related differences in success rates and complications in CAS. In clinical practice approximately 30% of patients treated with CAS are women.

The institutions and people who participated in the ALKK CAS Registry are listed in Zahn et al.16 The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Atrial Fibrillation and Risk
Authors: John Camm A.
Published: January 2012

Dr. Camm received an honorarium through an educational grant from Sanofi Aventis to serve as Guest Editor of this supplement. He discloses no other direct conflicts of interest to the submitted work. Dr. Camm has served as a consultant, received grant funding, and has been a member of the speakers bureau for Sanofi Aventis.
Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Flood Water Conditions Based on Cluster Analysis, Principle Components Analysis, and Source Apportionment
Authors: Baborowski Martina , Simeonov Vasil , Einax Jürgen W.
Published: January 2012

An assessment of water quality measurements during a spring flood in the Elbe River is presented. Daily samples were taken at a site in the middle Elbe, which is part of the network of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (IKSE/MKOL). Cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis (PCA), and source apportionment (APCS apportioning) were used to assess the flood‐dependent matter transport. As a result, three main components could be extracted as important to the matter transport in the Elbe River basin during flood events: (i) re‐suspended contaminated sediments, which led to temporarily increased concentrations of suspended matter and of most of the investigated heavy metals; (ii) water discharge related concentrations of pedogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) as well as preliminary diluted concentrations of uranium and chloride, parameters with stable pollution background in the river basin; and (iii) abandoned mines, i.e., their dewatering systems, with particular influence on nickel, manganese, and zinc concentrations.
Synthesis, in vitro Cytotoxicity, and Interaction with DNA of Platinum(II) Complexes with N‐Monocycloalkyl Derivatives of 1R,2R‐Diaminocyclohexane as Carrier Ligands
Authors: Sun Yanyan , Gou Shaohua , Liu Fei , Yin Runting , Fang Lei
Published: January 2012

A series of platinum(II) complexes with N‐monocyclopentyl/cyclohexyl derivatives of 1R,2R‐diaminocyclohexane as carrier ligands and dicarboxylate anions as leaving groups were synthesized and characterized. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as ESIMS. The in vitro antiproliferative activities were tested by MTT assay against four human cancer cell lines; breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) and colon cancer (HCT‐116) cells were particularly sensitive, especially to complexes 1 f (IC50=9.81 and 1.49 μM) and 2 f (IC50=4.59 and 0.36 μM). Flow cytometry indicated that representative compounds exert cytotoxicity toward MCF‐7 and HCT‐116 cells through induction of apoptosis and blockage of cell‐cycle progression in the S phase, similar to cisplatin. The interaction between the platinum(II) complexes and pET22b plasmid DNA was observed by agarose gel electrophoresis, revealing that complex 2 f has the capacity to distort plasmid DNA in a manner distinct from that of oxaliplatin.
Prognosis for primary retroperitoneal sarcoma survivors
Authors: Abbott Andrea M. , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Parsons Helen M. , Tuttle Todd , Al‐Refaie Waddah
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND:

The AJCC staging system and post‐operative nomograms use patient and tumor characteristics to provide prognostic estimates after resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS). While these variables help to predict survival at the time of diagnosis and resection, the applicability of these prognostic factors to survivors of RPS remains unknown. We hypothesized that the variables evaluated in the current staging system and post‐operative nomograms would have limited ability to predict conditional survival in patients surgically treated for RPS.

METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted using National Cancer Institute‐sponsored tumor registries. We identified 1,199 patients who underwent surgical resection for non‐metastatic RPS from 1988 to 2007. Conditional survival was defined as time‐specific estimates conditioned on living a certain number of years post‐diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the impact of various factors on sarcoma‐specific survival (SSS) at baseline and up to 5 years after diagnosis.

RESULTS:

Older age, male gender, histologic subtype, and high tumor grade predicted worse SSS at the time of diagnosis. After 1 year of survival, older age, male gender, and histologic subtype were no longer significant predictors of conditional survival. Only high grade tumors remained a significant predictor of worse prognosis after 5 years of survival (HR 1.95).

CONCLUSIONS:

This population‐based study demonstrates that the factors which are predictive of survival at baseline lose significance after one year of survival. Conditional survival estimates allow clinicians to provide survivors with more meaningful prognostic estimates that may impact surveillance schedules and streamline adjuvant therapy decisions and design of future clinical trials. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Single versus multiple primary melanomas
Authors: Hwa Charlotte , Price Leah S. , Belitskaya‐Levy Ilana , Ma Michelle W. , Shapiro Richard L. , Berman Russell S. , Kamino Hideko , Darvishian Farbod , Osman Iman , Stein Jennifer A.
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND:

In patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM), mean tumor thickness tends to decrease from the first melanoma to the second melanoma, and prognosis may be improved compared with the prognosis for patients who have a single primary melanoma (SPM). In this study, the authors compared the clinicopathologic features of patients with MPM and SPM to better characterize the differences between these 2 groups and to determine whether or not there is an inherent difference in tumor aggression.

METHODS:

In total, 788 patients with melanoma who were enrolled prospectively in the Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group database from 2002 to 2008 were studied. Patients with SPM and with MPM were compared with regard to clinical and primary melanoma characteristics.

RESULTS:

Of 788 patients with melanoma, 61 patients (7.7%) had 2 or more primary melanomas. The incidence of developing a second primary melanoma 1 year and 5 years after initial melanoma diagnosis was 4.1% and 8.7%, respectively, and most of the risk accumulated within the first year. The incidence of MPM was greater in patients aged ≥60 years than in those aged ≤60 years. The absence or presence of mitosis and other tumor characteristics did not differ significantly between patients with SPM and patients with MPM (P = .61).

CONCLUSIONS:

No difference was observed in the presence or absence of mitoses, a marker of tumor proliferation, in SPM and MPM. Because it has been demonstrated that the presence of mitosis is a powerful prognostic marker, the current findings suggested that the tumors behave similarly in patients with SPM and patients with MPM. The authors concluded that differences in tumor thickness and prognosis between SPM and MPM more likely are caused by factors other than tumor biology, such as increased surveillance. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Amygdala afferents monosynaptically innervate corticospinal neurons in rat medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Gabbott Paul , Warner Tracy‐Ann , Brown Jacki , Salway Philip , Gabbott Thomas , Busby Sarah
Published: January 2012

The amygdala provides the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; areas 25, 32, and 24b) with salient emotional information. This study investigated the synaptic connectivity of identified amygdalocortical boutons (ACBs; labeled anterogradely following injections ofPhaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala), with the dendritic processes of identified layer 5 corticospinal neurons in the rat mPFC. The corticospinal (CS) neurons in the mPFC had been retrogradely labeled with rhodamine fluorescent latex microspheres and subsequently intracellularly filled with biotinylated lucifer yellow to visualize their basal and apical dendrites. Two main classes of mPFC CS neurons were identified. Type 1 cells had apical dendrites bearing numerous dendritic spines with radiate basal dendritic arbors. Type 2 cells possessed apical dendrites with greatly reduced spine densities and a broad range of basal dendritic tree morphologies. Identified ACBs made asymmetric synaptic junctions with labeled dendritic spines and the labeled apical and basal dendritic shafts of identified CS neurons. On average, eight ACBs were closely associated with the labeled basal dendritic arbors of type 1 CS neurons and five ACBs with type 2 CS basal dendrites. The mean Scholl distance of ACBs from CS somata (for both types 1 and 2 cells) was 66 μm—coinciding with a region containing the highest length density of CS neuron basal dendrites. These results indicate that neurons in the BLA can monosynaptically influence CS neurons in the mPFC that project to autonomic regions of the thoracic spinal cord and probably to other additional subcortical target regions, such as the lateral hypothalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2440–2458, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
High‐Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRSTEM) Techniques: High‐Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy Side by Side
Authors: Stroppa Daniel. G. , Zagonel Luiz F. , Montoro Luciano A. , Leite Edson R. , Ramirez Antonio J.
Published: January 2012

This work presents an overview of high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) techniques and exemplifies the novel quantitative characterization possibilities that have emerged from recent advances in these methods. The synergistic combination of atomic resolution imaging and spectroscopy provided by HRSTEM is highlighted as a unique feature that can provide a comprehensive analytical description of material properties at the nanoscale. State‐of‐the‐art high‐angle annular dark field and annular bright field examples are depicted as well as the use of X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy for probing samples properties at the atomic scale. In addition, promising techniques such as cathodoluminescence, confocal HRSTEM, and diffraction mapping are introduced. The presented examples and results indicate that HRSTEM‐related techniques are fundamental tools for comprehensive assessment of properties at the atomic scale.
Shared Written Case Formulations and Weight Change in Outpatient Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa: A Naturalistic Single Case Series
Authors: Gladwin Alice M. , Evangeli Michael
Published: January 2012

The therapeutic effects of written shared case formulations are underexplored and have not been examined in anorexia nervosa. This study explored the relationship between (a) the delivery (b) the quality of a shared written case formulation and weight in outpatient psychological therapy for anorexia nervosa.

A naturalistic single case series approach was used to examine the case notes of women who had attended a specialist eating disorders service over a 2‐year period. The case notes of 15 adult women who had undergone outpatient psychological therapy for anorexia nervosa with a shared written case formulation component were reviewed. The impact of the quality of the case formulation on weekly weight was examined for 14 of the clients where the case formulation was available. The nature of the relationship between the delivery of the written shared case formulation and weight was examined for all 15 clients.

There was some evidence to support an association between delivery of the shared written case formulation and weight changes (both weight gain [five out of 15 clients] and weight loss [three out of 15 clients]) in individual cases. Higher case formulation quality was related to cases where weight change did not occur.

The delivery of case formulations can be associated with important therapeutic change (both beneficial and potentially harmful) in anorexia nervosa. Future research into the causal mechanisms associated with sharing formulations will face the challenge of adopting strategies that allow for an in‐depth exploration of complex therapy variables whilst overcoming methodological challenges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Written case formulations are a key component of many psychological therapies.

Sharing case formulations is hypothesized to have a number of therapeutic benefits.

This study showed that sharing a written case formulation can be associated with both therapeutic benefits and harm.

Higher quality case formulations in this study were related to cases where weight change did not occur.

Future research should examine both therapist and client factors that may clarify causal mechanisms related to the delivery of case formulations.
TEG‐1 CD2BP2 regulates stem cell proliferation and sex determination in the C. elegans germ line and physically interacts with the UAF‐1 U2AF65 splicing factor
Authors: Wang Chris , Wilson‐Berry Laura , Schedl Tim , Hansen Dave
Published: January 2012

Background: For a stem cell population to exist over an extended period, a balance must be maintained between self‐renewing (proliferating) and differentiating daughter cells. Within the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line, this balance is controlled by a genetic regulatory pathway, which includes the canonical Notch signaling pathway. Results: Genetic screens identified the gene teg‐1 as being involved in regulating the proliferation versus differentiation decision in the C. elegans germ line. Cloning of TEG‐1 revealed that it is a homolog of mammalian CD2BP2, which has been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including in U4/U6.U5 tri‐snRNP formation in the pre‐mRNA splicing reaction. The position of teg‐1 in the genetic pathway regulating the proliferation versus differentiation decision, its single mutant phenotype, and its enrichment in nuclei, all suggest TEG‐1 also functions as a splicing factor. TEG‐1, as well as its human homolog, CD2BP2, directly bind to UAF‐1 U2AF65, a component of the U2 auxiliary factor. Conclusions: TEG‐1 functions as a splicing factor and acts to regulate the proliferation versus meiosis decision. The interaction of TEG‐1 CD2BP2 with UAF‐1 U2AF65, combined with its previously described function in U4/U6.U5 tri‐snRNP, suggests that TEG‐1 CD2BP2 functions in two distinct locations in the splicing cascade. Developmental Dynamics 241:505–521, 2012.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Astacin‐like metallo‐endopeptidase is dynamically expressed in embryonic stem cells and embryonic epithelium during morphogenesis
Authors: Acloque Hervé , Lavial Fabrice , Pain Bertrand
Published: January 2012

Background: Astacin‐like metallo‐proteases are zinc endopeptidases conserved among vertebrates and invertebrates. First described as hatching gland enzymes, many members of the family possess other functions during embryonic development. In the chick, however, functions of Astacin‐like proteins remain elusive. Results: We report here that Astacin‐like (ASTL) is strongly expressed in mouse and chicken embryonic stem (ES) cells and exhibits a very dynamic expression pattern during embryogenesis and organogenesis, mostly in remodeled epithelia. Consistent with its expression in ES cells, chick ASTL is detected in vivo in the pluripotent cells of the epiblast and then disappears from the newly induced neural plate. ASTL expression remains at the junction of non‐neural and neural ectoderm, just before neural tube closure. At later stages, chick ASTL is detected in the ventral epidermis before ventral closure, in the intermediate mesoderm, in the gonads and in the forming nephric duct and tubules of the mesonephros and metanephros. Conclusions: ASTL is dynamically expressed in the embryonic epithelium and in embryonic stem cells, suggesting an important function for the control of epithelial cell behavior during early development. Developmental Dynamics 241:574–582, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drosophila lilliputian is required for proneural gene expression in retinal development
Authors: Distefano Ginnene M. , Gangemi Andrew J. , Khandelwal Preeti J. , Saunders Aleister J. , Marenda Daniel R.
Published: January 2012

Background: Proper neurogenesis in the developing Drosophila retina requires the regulated expression of the basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) proneural transcription factors Atonal (Ato) and Daughterless (Da). Factors that control the timing and spatial expression of these bHLH proneural genes in the retina are required for the proper formation and function of the adult eye and nervous system. Results: Here we report that lilliputian (lilli), the Drosophila homolog of the FMR2/AF4 family of proteins, regulates the transcription of ato and da in the developing fly retina. We find that lilli controls ato expression at multiple enhancer elements. We also find that lilli contributes to ato auto‐regulation in the morphogenetic furrow by first regulating the expression of da prior to ato. We show that FMR2 regulates the ato and da homologs MATH5 and TCF12 in human cells, suggesting a conservation of this regulation from flies to humans. Conclusions: We conclude that lilliputian is part of the genetic program that regulates the expression of proneural genes in the developing retina. Developmental Dynamics 241:553–562, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Development of Iron(II) Complexes as ParaCEST MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Dorazio Sarina J. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: January 2012

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality for visualizing anatomical soft tissue using nonionizing radiation. Compared with other molecular imaging methods such as optical, nuclear, and ultrasound, sensitivity is limited but can be improved through development of chemical agents which enhance MRI contrast. MRI Contrast agents that function through paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) are currently being investigated as an alternative to T1 and T2 contrast agents. These agents may be designed as imaging probes which are intrinsically responsive to pH and temperature. Trivalentlanthanide complexes have dominated the relatively young field of paraCEST for just over a decade. Recently, high spin FeII complexes containing labile amide and amino protons which chemically exchange with bulk water have emerged as viable additions to the repertoire of paraCEST agents. This microreview will provide an overview of some considerations when designing paraCEST contrast agents which incorporate high spin FeII as the paramagnetic metal center. Important factors such as paramagnetic relaxation and hyperfine shifts, spin state, coordination, oxidation state, and stability will be discussed in regard to transition metal ion paraCEST contrast agent design.
Silver Melonates and Coordination Modes of the Multidentate [C6N7(NCN)3]3– Anion
Authors: Clauss Corinna , Böhme Uwe , Schwarzer Anke , Kroke Edwin
Published: January 2012

Three different silver melonates, Ag3[C6N7(NCN)3]·H2O (2a), Ag3[C6N7(NCN)3]·0.5NH3 (2b) and Ag3[C6N7(NCN)3]·2C2H8N2 (2c), and a nickel melonate, Ni3[C6N7(NCN)3]2·10NH3·6H2O (3), have been synthesised by the reaction of potassium melonate with silver nitrate either in an aqueous solution (2a), aqueous ammonia solution (2b) or an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine (2c) and with nickel nitrate in an aqueous ammonia solution (3). The crystal structure of 2c was determined by XRD [triclinic, P$\bar {1}$, a = 7.5499(4), b = 11.3438(6), c = 12.5741(7) Å, α = 72.138(4), β = 80.148(4), γ = 75.945(4)°, V = 984.90(9) Å3]. Silver atoms are coordinated to the terminal nitrogen atom of the cyanamide substituent as well as directly to the N atoms of the s‐heptazine core. Complex 2c crystallises in a layered structure. Adjacent Ag–melonate cation–anion units are connected by Ag–Ag interactions. The preferred coordination mode of metal ions at the melonate anion has been considered by quantum chemical calculations. Natural atomic charges calculated for the four nonequivalent, nucleophilic N atoms of the [C6N7(NCN)3]3– anion are (a) –0.596, (b) –0.619, (c) –0.675 and (d) –0.644. The metal coordination found experimentally in the melonates correlates with these relatively small charge differences and with the hard‐soft acid–base concept. However, (mono)protonation of the [C6N7(NCN)3]3– anion exclusively occurs at the terminal N atoms (b) of the s‐heptazine core, which is indicated experimentally and theoretically. Silver melonates 2a, 2b and 2c and nickel melonate 3 were further characterised by FTIR and 13C solid‐state magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and elemental analysis. Solvent‐free complexes 2a and 2b, i.e. Ag3[C6N7(NCN)3], are thermally stable up to 500 °C. In contrast, 2c and 3 are thermally less stable.
P–C Cross‐Coupling Onto Enamides: Versatile Synthesis of α‐Enamido Phosphane Derivatives
Authors: Cieslikiewicz Monika , Bouet Alexis , Jugé Sylvain , Toffano Martial , Bayardon Jérôme , West Caroline , Lewinski Krzystof , Gillaizeau Isabelle
Published: January 2012

We report herein the Pd‐catalyzed P–C cross‐coupling reaction between enol phosphates and secondary phosphane–borane complexes or phosphane oxides. The reaction was performed under mild conditions, owing to Pd activation of the P–H bonds of the phosphane–boranes (or phosphane oxides) and to the powerful enol phosphate coupling reagents. New useful chiral and achiral α‐β‐alkenylphosphane derivatives bearing an amido group in the α‐position to the P center were obtained in yields up to 70 %.
Biosynthesis and Total Synthesis Studies on the Jadomycin Family of Natural Products
Authors: Sharif Ehesan U. , O'Doherty George A.
Published: January 2012

Jadomycins are unique angucycline polyketides produced by Streptomyces venezuelae soil bacteria under specific nutrient and environmental conditions. Their unique structural complexity and biological activities have engendered extensive study of the jadomycin class of natural compounds in terms of biological activity, biosynthesis, and synthesis. This review outlines recent developments in the study of the synthesis and biosynthesis of jadomycins.
Preferential Crystallization of a Helicene–Viologen Hybrid – An Efficient Method to Resolve [5]Helquat Enantiomers on a 20 g Scale (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 3/2012)
Authors: Vávra Jan , Severa Lukáš , Švec Pavel , Císařová Ivana , Koval Dušan , Sázelová Petra , Kašička Václav , Teplý Filip
Published: January 2012

The cover picture shows two enantiopure 10 g samples of a chiral helicene–viologen hybrid resolved by preferential crystallization. This cyclic process depicted at the center relies on selective crystallization of one enantiomer from a supersaturated solution of an nearly racemic mixture. The study indicates that preferential crystallization is an advantageous but neglected multigram resolution strategy for helical compounds that form conglomerates. Details are discussed in the article by F. Teplý et al. on p. 489 ff. The image was designed by Alena Salamonová, Jan Vávra, and Filip Teplý.

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Hillslope response to tectonic forcing in threshold landscapes
Authors: DiBiase Roman A. , Heimsath Arjun M. , Whipple Kelin X.
Published: January 2012

Hillslopes are thought to poorly record tectonic signals in threshold landscapes. Numerous previous studies of steep landscapes suggest that large changes in long‐term erosion rate lead to little change in mean hillslope angle, measured at coarse resolution. New LiDAR‐derived topography data enables a finer examination of threshold hillslopes. Here we quantify hillslope response to tectonic forcing in a threshold landscape. To do so, we use an extensive cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐based dataset of catchment‐averaged erosion rates combined with a 500 km2 LiDAR‐derived 1 m digital elevation model to exploit a gradient of tectonic forcing and topographic relief in the San Gabriel Mountains, California. We also calibrate a new method of quantifying rock exposure from LiDAR‐derived slope measurements using high‐resolution panoramic photographs. Two distinct trends in hillslope behavior emerge: below catchment‐mean slopes of 30°, modal slopes increase with mean slopes, slope distribution skewness decreases with increasing mean slope, and bedrock exposure is limited; above mean slopes of 30°, our rock exposure index increases strongly with mean slope, and the prevalence of angle‐of‐repose debris wedges keeps modal slopes near 37°, resulting in a positive relationship between slope distribution skewness and mean slope. We find that both mean slopes and rock exposure increase with erosion rate up to 1 mm/a, in contrast to previous work based on coarser topographic data. We also find that as erosion rates increase, the extent of the fluvial network decreases, while colluvial channels extend downstream, keeping the total drainage density similar across the range. Our results reveal important textural details lost in 10 or 30 m resolution digital elevation models of steep landscapes, and highlight the need for process‐based studies of threshold hillslopes and colluvial channels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol Crossover Behavior in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) System
Authors: Chu Y. H. , Shul Y. G.
Published: January 2012

The alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and 1‐propanol) crossover behavior of through fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC) system was studied. We divided five different factors which affect alcohol crossover behavior through MEA to analyze alcohol crossover behavior. Those are membrane effect, physical blocking effect of anode, alcohol oxidation effect of anode electrocatalysts, physical blocking effect of cathode, and alcohol oxidation effect of cathode. Among these five factors, the four factors caused by two different electrodes (anode and cathode) were evaluated by fabricating various types of MEA. In the case of alcohols through membrane without any electrode was increased when the cell temperature was raised from room temperature to 100 °C, but it was decreased above the cell temperature of 100 °C. Among the electrode effects on alcohol crossover rate, physical blocking effect of electrodes played dominant role below 100 °C. However alcohol oxidation effects of electrodes was predominant above the 100 °C.
Characterization and Comparison of Different Cathode Materials for SC‐SOFC: LSM, BSCF, SSC, and LSCF
Authors: Rembelski D. , Viricelle J. P. , Combemale L. , Rieu M.
Published: January 2012

Four cathode materials for single chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC‐SOFC) [La0.8Sr0.2MnO3–δ (LSM), Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ (BSCF), Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–δ (SSC), and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF)] were investigated regarding their chemical stability, electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, and polarization resistance under air and methane/air atmosphere. Electrolyte‐supported fuel cells, with Ce0.9Gd0.1O2–δ (CGO) electrolyte and a Ni‐CGO anode, were tested in several methane/air mixtures with each cathode materials between 625 and 725 °C. These single cells were not optimized but only designed to compare the four studied cathodes. The decrease of methane‐to‐oxygen ratio from 2 to 0.67 strongly increased the performance of fuel cells for all cathode materials but the effect of temperature was not always significant. Cells with SSC, BSCF, and LSCF have shown a maximum power density about 20 mW cm–2 while the cell with LSM has given only 5 mW cm–2.
Design and Optimization of Composite Electrodes in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Ge X.‐M. , Fang Y.‐N. , Chan S.‐H.
Published: January 2012

The performance of solid oxide cells (SOCs) heavily relies on the population of three‐phase boundaries (TPBs) in the composite electrodes. In this study, SOC composite electrodes are described by percolating binary particle aggregates that are constructed from random loose packing models and classical sintering theories. Summed perimeters of the sintering necks represent the total TPB lengths. A case study has been carried out on lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)–yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite electrodes. By employing three‐dimensional data that are converted from relevant two‐dimensional data, the TPB length of baseline LSM–YSZ electrodes investigated in this study is 35.4 μm μm–3. The parametric and sensitivity analyses show the changes of TPB lengths in functions of the weight fraction of powders, particle size and particle size ratio of powders, void fraction of electrodes, and density of materials. In the case of baseline LSM–YSZ electrodes, proper electrode design and optimization would result in 2–3 times of the enlargement of TPBs. Technical guidelines on the design and optimization of SOC composite electrodes are proposed.
Characterization of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ + La2NiO4+δ Composite Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Chen M. , Moon B. H. , Kim S. H. , Kim B. H. , Xu Q. , Ahn B.‐G.
Published: January 2012

The structure, electrical conduction, thermal expansion and electrochemical properties of the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ + La2NiO4+δ (LSCF‐LNO) composite cathodes were investigated with regard to the volume fraction of the LNO composition. No chemical reaction product between the two constituent phases was found for the composite cathodes sintered at 1,400 °C for 10 h within the sensitivity of the XRD. Compared to the performance of the LSCF cathode, the LNO composition in the composite cathode plays a role in deteriorating both electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties, however, improving the thermal expansion properties. The trade‐off between electrical conducting and thermal expansion classifies the composite cathode containing 30 volume percent (vol.%) LNO as the optimum composition. For characterizing cathode performance in a single cell, a slurry spin coating technique was employed to prepare a porous cathode layer as well as a YSZ/Ce0.8Sm0.2O3–δ (SDC) electrolyte. The optimum conditions for fabricating the YSZ/SDC electrolyte were investigated. The resulting single cell with 70 vol.% LSCF‐30 vol.%LNO (LSCF‐LNO30) cathode shows a power density of 497 mW cm–2 at 800 °C, which is lower than that of the cell with a LSCF cathode, but still within the limits acceptable for practical applications.