bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Position control of electro-hydraulic servo system using active disturbance rejection control for upper-limb exoskeleton
Authors: Tang Jing , Cao Jiaxun , Wu Minghu , Zhao Lun , Zhang Fan
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a two-degree-of-freedom(2-DOF) upper-limb exoskeleton actuated by electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS), and position control based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy. Proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is widely used in EHSS system because it is model free, and its parameters can be adjusted easily. However, the nonlinear dynamics of EHSS is subject to parameter variations and friction effects during operation. The trajectory tracking performance of this method is limited due to the uncertain model parameter and external disturbance of EHSS in exoskeleton. To actively compensate the total disturbance including the system uncertainty and external disturbance, and ensure the finite time convergence of disturbances, the ADRC controller is developed. The disturbances can be estimated by the extended state observer (ESO) and compensated during each sampling period in the ADRC method. The proposed control strategy not only satisfies the steady-state accuracy demands, but also effectively resists to the system uncertainties and the disturbance. To validate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy, the simulations were carried out. The numerical simulation results clearly indicate the superior performance of proposed ADRC method over the regular PID control approach.
Potential of Rural Biogas from Cow Fecal Waste and Implementation of Sociopreneurship-Based Energy-Independent Village
Authors:   Brawijaya University, Ali Hamami Syeftyan Muhammad , Zulfi Zakaria M. Nizam , Aththar Ahmad Fariduddin
Published: January 2023

The energy crisis is a crucial problem as evidenced by data from Indonesia Outlook Energy which states that 88% of the total electricity is comes from fossil fuels whose reserves continue to decline. This encourages the government to suppress the use of fossil fuels and look for alternative renewable energy sources. Indonesia has a promising livestock sector but its utilization is still not optimal. One of those is cow fecal waste that generally has been used as potential biogas. It is necessary to have a program to optimize the utilization of cow feces as biogas in villages and integrate it with the sociopreneurship-based energy-concept independent village. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the potential of cow fecal waste as an alternative energy source based on community conditions, analyze the implementation of energy-concept independent village, sociopreneurship basis and the financial aspects of the program, as well as implementation strategy and sustainability of the program to achieve SDGs target. The research was conducted using data collection methods, data processing, and data analysis. Energy-independent village is able to occupy its energy consumption by optimizing the potential from indigenous product. This program integrates a supporting system consisting of a Special Team, cow farmers, ROFES (House of Feces), and GUBAS (Village Biogas Warehouse). The implementation of this research program includes pre-production, production, and post-production stages. This program is expected to be able to contribute to fulfill the energy needs of the village by optimizing cow fecal waste and supporting the SDG's targets.
Socialization of Halal Certification to Develop MSEs: Case Study in Jabung, Malang Regency
Authors:   Departement of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia, Ismail Munawar , Kornitasari Yenny
Published: January 2023

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have an important role to increase economic growth. So, one of the efforts to improve the quality of MSEs is halal certification. Indonesia as a country with the moeslem majority, halal issue is crucial especially for products. With the halal certification, MSEs in Indonesia have competitive advantages in the international markets. Therefore, the community empowerment program aims to increase sales of MSEs products with the socialization activities and technical guide about the halal certification in Jabung District. There are several steps to do community empowerment, (i) identification through distributing questionnaires, (ii) socialization and guide the participants with the discussion and evaluation methods. The result in this identification found that most of the MSE sell food and beverages, but most of them did not have a halal certification on the products. Thus, the awareness of the MSEs about the halal certification increases because of the community empowerment program. This result can be seen from the management process in MSEs.
The Effects Of Migration On Income, Health, And Education: A Data Analysis Of Indonesia National Social Economic Survey 2018
Authors:   BPK RI, Budiono Tri , Bintoro Nugroho ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2023

This research is aim to get a better understanding of the impact of migration on the welfare of migrants in Indonesia. Using Instrumental Variable 2sls (IV) and IV probit, this study finds that migration has a positive effect on income. Nevertheless, it was discovered that migration increases the likelihood of children being unhealthy and that it causes schooling to be interrupted when they should be in high school. migration's potential detrimental influence on health and education should be anticipated by policymakers.
The Effect of Regional Trade Agreements on ASEAN Trade Flows
Authors:   Kementerian Perdagangan, Evelyn Nathania Dianzah Yoshi
Published: January 2023

The total number of Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) has increased rapidly over the past 30 years, from 22 in 1990 to 308 in 2020. The association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) aimed to increase regional integration among members through ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) that came into force in 1993 and broadened its regional integration started in 2005 through trade agreements with China, Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and India. This paper study the impact of 5 ASEAN RTAs simultaneously to get comprehensive results. The Hausman-Taylor estimator was used to overcome endogeneity problems in the gravity equation without dropping the time-invariant variables which become the advantage of this method. The results show that AFTA increases trade flows between members and promotes imports and exports to the rest of the world. ASEAN regional integration outside the region with six trade partners show positive effect to members and has a minimal negative effect to non-members globally.
Untouchable Spring (2000) offers conversion to Christianity as a means of Dalit resistance in Andhra Pradesh in contradiction to the conventional process of emancipation adopted by the lower castes
Authors: Singh Prerna
Published: January 2023

Untouchable Spring as a novel epitomizes the struggle of Dalits and their assertion for self-identity through the means of revolution. Religious conversion was seen as a primary source to gain social ascendancy hence large number of untouchables, specifically the Malas and Madigas in Andhra Pradesh converted to Christianity however it still did not provide them the deserved status. The novel presents how this means of resistance is radical and revolutionary as compared to the conventional forms of revolution undertaken by the Dalits. It not only exposes the plight of Hindu Dalits but also the humiliation faced by the Christian Dalits when they converted. Hence while recording the uprising of the Dalits, the novel also potrays an alternative history of generations of oppressed people and the means adopted by them to attain liberation. This paper aims to study the issue of Dalit oppression even after conversion and understand the impact of Ambedkar in adopting conversion as a solution.
Causes of Foreign Language Anxiety Among Students at Private Universities in Erbil
Authors: Ismael Dr. Shorsh Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Education is often regarded as an effective means of guiding students in the process of altering their behavior to conform to the standards of both themselves and the expectations of society. Both students' anxiety and their attitudes toward learning are seen as essential elements of the educational process; as a consequence, both factors play an important part in the development of second language skills. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the factors that cause students attending private institutions in Erbil to experience anxiety when they are studying a foreign language. A quantitative study approach was used to quantify the students' anxiety, and the factors that were taken into consideration were fear of receiving a negative evaluation, communication apprehension, and exam anxiety. The researcher was successful in collecting the necessary data after adapting and modifying a survey that had been established by previous academics. The researcher was successful in collecting 92 surveys that had all of the required fields filled out. Using multiple regression analysis, each of the study hypotheses could be evaluated. The findings of this research showed that a student's fear of experiencing negative anxiety was related to a greater level of anxiety when it came to the process of learning a new language, but a student's fear of performing poorly on a test was related to a lower value, among other factors.
Strategi pemasaran diantara kopi pada era new normal
Authors: Muliawan Felicia , Sanjaya I Wayan Kiki , Paramita Putu Dian Yuliani
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana faktor internal dan eksternal dalam bauran pemasaran 7P Diantara Kopi, dan untuk mengetahui strategi pemasaran Diantara Kopi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Diantara Kopi Pontianak yaitu pada bulan Febuari sampai dengan Juli 2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT, kuadran SWOT, dan Matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Diantara Kopi berada pada Kuadran I yang mendukung strategi agresif. Posisi kuadran I berarti sangat menguntungkan karena Diantara Kopi memiliki kekuatan internal yang bisa memanfaatkan peluang eksternal sehingga hal itu dapat meningkatkan penjualan pada era new normal saat ini. Strategi alternatif yang bisa digunakan Diantara Kopi 1) Diantara Kopi bisa menggunakan endorse dengan cara berkerja sama dengan beberapa influencer untuk memanfaatkan peluang. 2) menyewa tempat parkir roda empat disekitar lokasi. 3) secara intens membuat testimoni di media sosial. 4) membuat free product tertentu untuk pelanggan yang membawa pelanggan baru. 5) mengevaluasi produk yang dinilai buruk oleh konsumen. 6) membuat menu yang mengikuti perkembangan gaya hidup masa kini.
 
The purpose of this research is to find out how internal and external factors are in the 7P marketing mix of Antara Coffee, and to find out the marketing strategy of Antara Coffee. This research was conducted at Among Pontianak Coffee from February to July 2021. The type of research used was SWOT analysis, SWOT quadrants, and SWOT Matrix. The results of this study indicate that Among Coffee is in Quadrant I which supports aggressive strategies. Quadrant I position means it is very profitable because Among Kopi has internal strengths that can take advantage of external opportunities so that it can increase sales in the current new normal era. Alternative strategies that can be used among Kopi 1) Among Kopi can use endorsements by working with several influencers to take advantage of opportunities. 2) rent a four-wheeled parking space around the location. 3) intensely create testimonials on social media. 4) make certain free products for customers who bring in new customers. 5) evaluate products that are considered bad by consumers. 6) create a menu that follows the development of today's lifestyle.
Pengaruh beban dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di hotel plataran ubud
Authors: Amandawati Gusti Ayu , Koerniawaty Francisca Titing
Published: January 2023

Kinerja karyawan memegang peranan penting bagi keberhasilan suatu organisasi. Agar dapat melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya dengan baik, faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan yaitu beban dan lingkungan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh beban dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Hotel Plataran Ubud. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden yang merupakan karyawan Hotel Plataran Ubud yang berjumlah 38 karyawan. Responden tersebut dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampling jenuh atau menggunakan seluruh populasi sebagai sampel penelitian. Data hasil pengumpulan kuesioner kemudian dilakukan analisis kuantitatif, meliputi: uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, serta pengujian hipotesis melalui uji F dan uji t. Beban dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap kinerja dengan nilai F hitung 38,438 dan sig 0,000 < 0,01. Beban kerja berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung 2,802 dan sig 0,008 < 0,01. Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai thitung 3,133 dan sig 0,000 < 0,01. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan di Hotel Plataran Ubud, pihak hotel perlu memperhatikan beban dan lingkungan kerja, karena beban dan lingkungan kerja terbukti dapat mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan
 
Employee performance plays an important role for the success of an organization. In order to carry out their duties and functions properly, factors that can affect employee performance are workload and work environment. This study aims to analyze the effect of workload and work environment on employee performance at Hotel Plataran Ubud. The data collection technique used was by distributing questionnaires to respondents who were employees of Hotel Plataran Ubud, totaling 38 employees. The respondents were selected using a saturated sampling technique or using the entire population as the research sample. Data collected from the questionnaires were then carried out quantitative analysis, including: validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing through the F test and t test. Load and work environment have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on performance with an F count of 38.438 and sig 0.000 <0.01. Workload has a partially significant effect on employee performance with a t value of 2.802 and sig 0.008 <0.01. The work environment has a partially significant effect on employee performance with a tcount of 3.133 and sig 0.000 <0.01. These results indicate that to improve employee performance at Hotel Plataran Ubud, the hotel needs to pay attention to workload and work environment, because workload and work environment are proven to affect employee performance.
Pengaruh pemberian kompensasi finansial dan non finansial terhadap kinerja karyawan
Authors: Candraswari Putu Diah , Koerniawaty Francisca Titing
Published: January 2023

Karyawan merupakan aset yang sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatka kinerja karyawan adalah pemberian kompensasi yang layak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pemberian kompensasi finansial dan non finansial secara parsial dan simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan Best Western Kuta Villa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Quota Sampling dimana menggunakan 41 orang karyawan tetap hotel Best Western Kuta Villa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis determinasi, uji T, dan uji F. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kompensasi finansial dan kompensasi non finansial secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai F hitung 9,492. Kompensasi finansial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,159. Kompensasi non finansial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 3,814. Kompensasi finansial dan kompensasi non finansial memberikan pengaruh sebesar 33,3% terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 66,7% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian ini.
 
Employees are a very important asset to achieve company goals. One way to improve employee performance is to provide proper compensation. This study aims to determine how the effect of partial and simultaneous provision of financial and non-financial compensation on the performance of Best Western Kuta Villa employees. The sampling technique used is Quota Sampling which uses 41 permanent employees of the Best Western Kuta Villa hotel. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, determination analysis, T test, and F test. From the research results it is known that financial compensation and non-financial compensation together have a significant effect on employee performance with an F count of 9.492. Financial compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a t value of 2.159. Non-financial compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a t-value of 3.814. Financial compensation and non-financial compensation have an effect of 33.3% on employee performance, while the remaining 66.7% is influenced by other factors outside this study.
e*-Hollow-Lifting and Cofinitely e*-Lifting Modules
Authors: Baanoon Hiba , Khalid Wasan
Published: January 2023

The novel ideas in module M over a ring R are introduced in this study. The first one, a generalization of the e∗-lifting module, is known as e∗-hollow-lifting. The second idea, an inference of e∗-lifting, is known as a cofinite e∗-lifting module. We shall demonstrate some of these ideas’ properties
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Antrian Jasa Service Menggunakan Metode Iteratif Berbasis Website
Authors: Permana Angga Aditya , Prakoso Ahmad Bregas
Published: January 2023

Bengkel merupakan perusahaan otomotif yang sangat dibutuhkan masyarakat untuk merawat kendaraan mereka. Karena dengan adanya jasa bengkel, masyarakat dengan mudah melakukan order-to-home atau mengambil antrian perawatan tanpa harus keluar rumah. Karena sudah terlalu ramainya customer bengkel tersebut bagian administrasi terkadang kesulitan ketika mendata keluhan customer karena masih menggunakan pembukuan manual atau bahkan hanya dengan ingatan dan mekanik pun kewalahan menangi setiap masalah customer satu-per-satu dan mengatur lahan parkir yang tidak begitu besar yang kadang berhimbas kepada akses jalan raya yang selalu ramai. Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi membuat masyarakat untuk berfikir cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Salah satunya yaitu membuat hal konvensional menjadi sistem yang terkomputerisasi. Dengan memanfaatkan sistem berbasis online. Dalam pengembangan sistem ini penulis menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi, data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode SDLC (System Development Lif Cycle) model Iterative serta Bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan framework CodeIgniter. Perancangan sistem informasi e-ticketing menggunakan UML (Unified Modeling Language) dengan pengujian Blackbox Testing. Pelanggan dapat menghindari antrian pada saat ingin melakukan servis kendaraan. Menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi bengkel online yang dapat digunakan untuk semua pengendara roda empat dan bengkel. Perusahaan bengkel dapat lebih efektif dan efisien dalam membuat jadwal perawatan tanpa perlu customer melakukan antri di lokasi. Pada penelitian ini dirancang suatu sistem informasi berbasis web online. Dengan sistem ini, diharapkan dapat mengatasi kebutuhan masyarakat untuk membuat jadwal perawatan serta memudahkan administrasi bengkel untuk mengelola data masalah konsumen menjadi lebih terstruktur. Pemakai maupun pemilik bengkel dapat melihat jadwal waktu, masalah kendaraan masing-masing customer lain yang sedang melakukan antrian perawatan agar berjalan secara cepat, tepat dan akurat.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students’ Perceptions of Health Care for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Casola Allison R. , Kelly Erin L. , Smith Kelsey , Kelly Samantha , de la Cruz Maria Syl
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the shortcomings of our health care delivery system for vulnerable populations and created a need to rethink health disparity education in medical training. We examined how the early COVID-19 pandemic impacted third-year medical students’ attitudes, perceptions, and sense of responsibility regarding health care delivery for vulnerable populations.
Methods: Third-year family medicine clerkship students at a large, private medical school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania responded to a reflection assignment prompt asking how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their thoughts about health care delivery for vulnerable populations in mid-2020 (N=59). Using conventional content analysis, we identified three main themes across 24 codes.
Results: Students recognized homeless individuals and Black, indigenous, and persons of color (BIPOC) as vulnerable populations impacted by the pandemic. Students reported causes of vulnerability that focused heavily on social determinants of health, increased risk for contracting COVID-19 infections, and difficulty adhering to COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Notable action-oriented approaches to addressing these disparities included health care reform and community health intervention.
Conclusions: Our findings describe an educational approach to care for vulnerable populations based on awareness, attitudes, and social action. Medical education must continue to teach students how to identify ways to mitigate disparities in order to achieve health equity.
ΟΝΟΜΑΤΕΠΩΝΥΜΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΩΝ ΜΕ ΈΡΓΑ ΓΙΑ ΌΜΠΟΕ Ή ΤΗΣ ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΑΣ ΟΡΓΑΝΩΝ (ΑΡΧΙΚΗ ΛΙΣΤΑ ΥΠΌ ΑΝΑΝΕΩΣΗ)
Authors: Christos Tsogias-Razakov - Χρήστος Τσόγιας-Ραζάκοβ
Published: January 2023

Κατά την διάρκεια της εκπόνησης της διδακτορικής διατριβής στο Πανεπιστήμιο Μακεδονίας (Θεσσαλονίκη), σε συνεργασία με το Ιόνιο Πανεπιστήμιο (Κέρκυρα), με τίτλο “Έργα Ελλήνων συνθετών για όμποε: δημόσια εκτέλεση και ηχογράφηση, καταγραφή, ευρετηρίαση”. Έχουν συμπεριληφθεί στον κατάλογο έργων της οικογένειας οργάνων του όμποε (κατά την διάρκεια του τρίτου ακαδημαϊκού έτους - Ιανουάριος 2023), συνολικά τετρακόσια είκοσι-οκτώ έργα (428). Στην ακόλουθη αρχική λίστα, σημειώνονται τα ονοματεπώνυμα των Ελλήνων συνθετών σε αλφαβητική σειρά, που συνέθεσαν μουσικά έργα για την οικογένεια οργάνων του όμποε.
Homogenization of subwavelength free stratified edge of viscoelastic media including finite size effect
Authors:   University Hassan II, Ens, Belemou R. , Sbitti A. ,   University Mohammed V, Ensam, Marigo J.-J. ,   Solid Mechanics Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique, Tsouli A. ,   University Hassan II, Ensam
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes the homogenization for a stratified viscoelastic media with free edge. We consider the effect of two-dimensional periodically stratified slab over a semi-infinite viscoelastic ground on the propagation of shear waves hitting the interface. Within the harmonic regime, the second order homogenization and matched-asymptotic expansions method is employed to derive an equivalent anisotropic slab associated with effective boundary and jump conditions for the displacement and the normal stress across an interface. The reflection coefficients and the displacement fields are obtained in closed forms and their validity is inspected by comparison with direct numerics in the case of layers associated with Neumann boundary conditions.
A mathematical model to study the wall roughness effects on the migration of inertial particles in a shear flow
Authors:   Laboratory of Materials, Signals, Systems and Physical Modelling, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco, Assoudi R. ,   OPTIMEE Laboratory, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco, Lamzoud K. ,   OPTIMEE Laboratory, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco, Ahmedou A. ,   FST, Nouakchott Al-Aasriya University, Nouakchott, Mauritania, Chaoui M. ,   OPTIMEE Laboratory, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
Published: January 2023

Separation of particles in a fluid domain is relevant in various industrial applications. The effect due to the roughness is preponderant compared with that due to fluid inertia so that the Reynolds number is low and the creeping flow equations apply. The wall roughness is assumed to be rigid and periodic, varied in one direction. The trajectories of freely moving particles in a shear flow are calculated.
Several families of new exact solutions for second order partial differential equations with variable coefficients
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Government Engineering College, Wayanad, Joseph S. P.
Published: January 2023

Several families of new exact solutions for a general second order linear partial differential equation with variable coefficients are derived in this paper. All the possible polynomial and polynomial-like solutions of this equation are derived. It is shown that there exist exactly two sets of such families of exact solutions. These solutions are extended to construct different families of exact solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions, which include polynomial solutions as particular cases. A total of eight families of exact solutions are derived using a novel method of balancing powers of the variables simultaneously. Several well known linear partial differential equations in applied mathematics and mechanics are special cases of the general equation considered in this paper and all the polynomial and polynomial-like solutions of these partial differential equations are also explicitly derived as special cases.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Photocatalyst Material SrBi4Ti4O15 for Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Al-Abror Muhammad Lathif , Hastuti Erna , Prasetyo Anton
Published: January 2023

The four-layered Aurivillius SrBi4Ti4O15 compound has been reported to be potentially used as a photocatalyst material. In this research, SrBi4Ti4O15 was prepared by the molten salt method using NaCl/KCl and then used to degrade methylene blue. The analysis of sample diffractogram indicated that the SrBi4Ti4O15 was obtained but there was still the impurities of Bi4Ti3O12. The micrograph showed that particle shape of SrBi4Ti4O15 is plate-like (sheets) with a lot of agglomeration. The band gap energy of SrBi4Ti4O15 is 3.14 eV (394.85 nm), according to the Kubelka-Munk calculation from the spectrum of reflectance. The photocatalytic test results showed that SrBi4Ti4O15 degraded methylene blue to 47.8% in 120 minutes.
Synthesis of Lactic Acid from Molasses by Lactobacillus acidophilus Using a Batch Fermentation Process
Authors: Rahmayetty Rahmayetty , Yulvianti Meri , Hartono Rudi
Published: January 2023

Lactic acid is a chemical with widespread applications, mainly in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical as well as food industries. One of the major uses of lactic acid is the polylactic acid (PLA) feedstock which is biodegradable and biocompatible as an alternative to plastic derived from fossil fuels. Efforts continue to be made to reduce the cost of producing PLA in order to compete with the conventional petrochemical-based plastics. This include the use of molasses as a raw material because it is cheap and contains high glucose. The purpose of this study was to obtain cell concentrations through the addition of starter volume that produces high concentrations of lactic acid and to obtain the growth kinetics of Lactobacillus acidophilus during the fermentation process. This study was conducted in several stages; the design of bioreactors, inoculation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and fermentation of molasses. In a batch system, molasses substrate was directly inserted as much as 500 ml in the fermentor and the addition of starter volume of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 1; 3; 5 dan 10% v/v. The fermentation of molasses for 72 hours and the product was analysed every 8 hours.  The highest concentration of lactic acid produced in batch fermented molasses was added to 5% (v/v) starter volume with 72 hours of fermentation time, which was 23.1 mg/L, with value the carrying-capacity coefficient (k) and the maximum net specific growth rate (µnet) were 0.2379 h-1 and 0.0160 h-1 respectively.
Applied of Synthesis Furfural Based on Cassava Stems (Manihot utilissima) As Fuel Additive to Gasoline
Authors: Lismeri Lia , Riyadi Lutfia Rahma , Darni Yuli , Nugrahini Panca , Azhar Azhar , Lesmana Donny
Published: January 2023

Biofuel is an option to reduce CO2 generated by vehicles. In this study, synthetic crude furfural from cassava stems was blended as fuel additive to gasoline (Pertalite) and then induced by electromagnetic field. Analysis were carried out on engine performance and exhaust emissions produced by Kohler engines. Variations formed by samples crude furfural and commercial furfural (C5H4O2), then time variations of electromagnetic induction for 0 and 30 minutes. The blending composition of gasoline and furfural in a mixture of 1,500 ml fuel is 96% : 4%. The best results from increasing torque, cranking power and saving fuel consumption were obtained from variations in the use of crude furfural additives induced by electromagnetic fields (CFE). Exhaust emissions produced by pure Pertalite are still lower than fuels with furfural additives. The content of water and impurities in crude furfural causes the additive unmixed with Pertalite which is non-polar and hydrophobic.
Microencapsulation of Fermented Red Palm Oil with L. casei as Nutracetical Source
Authors: Hertanti Hertanti , Nuralang Nuralang , Susanto Nindita Clourisa Amaris , Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Nelson Nelson
Published: January 2023

Red Palm Oil (RPO) is the result of refining from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) which still maintains a high level of phytonutrients that are beneficial for health. The benefits of RPO can be used as a nutraceutical source, because RPO acts as a provitamin A and vitamin E. The addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in a product functions as a probiotic with metabolite activity that can inhibit pathogenic microorganism thereby increasing the durability of a product. The addition of LAB to RPO is expected to increase the nutraceutical value by adding probiotic properties to RPO products. Microencapsulation technology can protect the bioactive content of essential oils against unwanted chemical interactions with other components and provide increased stability during processing. This research is expected to be able to provide information about the potential raw material of fermented RPO as a nutraceutical source by showing the profile of RPO before and after the fermentation process, chemical and physical properties of the microencapsulant. The microencapsulation technique used is the extrusion method. Fermentation of the bioactive compound ingredients in RPO using L. casei has a significant effect. RPO after fermentation using L. casei (Red-PalmZym) produces major compounds in the form of 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)- Fermentation of RPO with L. casei increases the components of chemical compounds contained therein. The stability of the RPO microencapsulated before fermentation provided an effective protection against oxidative damage to the oil and proved that the microencapsulation process can reduce the level of damage to the oil.
Electrochemical Performance of Tellurium Oxide on TiO2/Ti Array for Photoelectrocatalytic Chemical Oxygen Demand Sensor Applications
Authors: Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Irwan Irwan , Indriani Annisa , Salim La Ode Agus , Arham Zul , Bijang Catherina M. , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Nurdin Muhammad
Published: January 2023

The experiments were carried out using Te-TiO2/Ti as working electrodes, prepared by the simple anodization technique and dip coating method, on Ti substrates (TiO2/Ti). The measurements were performed in an electrochemical cell using a three-electrode system, with Te-TiO2/Ti as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode and pt as the auxiliary electrode. A flow system for determining the profile and photocurrent response of reactive orange 84 was developed using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Multi-Pulse Amperometry (MPA). The physicochemical properties of Te-TiO2/Ti electrodes have been studied using UV–vis DRS analysis techniques and compared with un-doped TiO2/Ti electrodes. The UV–vis DRS showed that the TiO2/Ti doped Te functionally decreases bandgap to 3.0 eV. The results showed that the photocurrent of reactive orange 84 was observed in the concentration range (1-5 μM), with a linear response between concentration and charge.
ATRIBUT SEISMIK SWEETNESS SEBAGAI INDIKASI POTENSI HIDROKARBON DI SUB-CEKUNGAN BANDAR JAYA
Authors: Murti Antonius Hary , Sarkowi M , Setiawan Agung , Suhartomo Herry
Published: January 2023

Sub-Cekungan Bandar Jaya merupakan bagian dari Cekungan Sumatera Selatan. Cekungan Sumatera Selatan merupakan salah satu cekungan sedimen yang telah terbukti sebagai cekungan penghasil hidrokarbon. Pada Sub-Cekungan Bandar Jaya telah beberapa kali dilakukan pengeboran, namun hasil pengeboran tidak mendapatkan hidrokarbon yang ekonomis sehingga sub-cekungan ini terkesan tidak menarik untuk dilakukan eksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi hidrokarbon pada Sub-Cekungan Bandar Jaya menggunakan atribut seismik sweetness berdasarkan 2 lintasan seismik 2 dimensi dan 3 data sumur. Dalam kaitannya dengan keberadaan hidrokarbon, atribut sweetness akan menunjukkan nilai tinggi dikarenakan kehadiran hidrokarbon biasanya akan meningkatkan nilai amplitudo seismik dan memiliki nilai frekuensi yang kecil. Penggunaan atribut sweetness pada Sub-Cekungan Bandar Jaya menunjukkan nilai yang relatif kecil pada area di sekitar 3 sumur existing yang memiliki status dry well dengan beberapa temuan jejak/trace hidrokarbon. Hasil dari atribut sweetness juga menunjukkan adanya indikasi potensi hidrokarbon pada Sub-Cekungan Bandar Jaya yang direpresentasikan dengan nilai yang relatif tinggi pada puncak struktur antiklin dan pada pola struktur berupa pinchout.
Various Logistic Curves in SIS and SIR Models
Authors: Shigemoto Kazuyasu
Published: January 2023

In our previous paper, the logistic curve of the removed number was derived from SIR and SEIR models in the case of the small basic reproduction number. In this paper, we derive various logistic curves of the removed, unsusceptible and infectious numbers respectively from SIS and SIR models in the case of small and large basic reproduction numbers.
Elongated Cargo Dwell Time in Nigeria Ports, the Root-Source and Economic Implications
Authors: Nwokedi Theophilus C. , Nwachukwu Joshua O. , Eru John U. , Ogwo Nwokeka E.
Published: January 2023

The study investigated the root-source of elongated cargo dwell time in Nigerian ports and estimated the economic implications. It also compared the cargo dwell time among the ports in the West African sub-Saharan African regions. The study used exploratory research design combined with an ex-post factor research design in which secondary data was employed and analyzed using mathematical models to determine the root-source of elongated cargo dwell time in Nigerian ports, in comparison with those of other ports in the West and sub-Saharan African region. It was found that transactional dwell time constitutes the bulk of the time cargo stays in Nigerian ports after arrival. While transactional dwell time took about 73% of the total cargo dwell time in Nigerian ports, operational dwell time took about 20.5% and storage dwell time took the least, about 4.8% of the entire cargo dwell time of the time average shipper’s consignment spends in port. The Nigerian ports were also found to have the highest cargo dwell time in the West and Sub-Saharan African regions, being 475% times higher than the global average benchmark of 4 days and that of the port of Durban in South-African, 64% higher than that of Cotonou port in Benin, 53% higher than that of Tema port in Ghana, 156% higher than that of Lome port in Togo, and 109% higher than the of Mombasa port in Kenya. At an average storage rental charge rate of 7533.33 naira per TEU per day after the 3 to 4 days free cargo delivery window is closed, the estimated mean amount paid by shippers to terminal operators in Apapa port and Tin-can Island port as storage rental charges per day each year between 2014 and 2017 is 2,714,985,000 naira and 3423242500 naira respectively in each of the ports. These figures represent the daily economic implications of elongated cargo dwell time in Nigerian ports borne by shippers.
Between Gender, Religiosity and the Relationship with Nature: The Healers as Popular Doctors Guided by God in Clevelândia (PR)
Authors: Maschio Maralice
Published: January 2023

This article establishes an ethnographic mapping, from the point of view of history and Oral History, in the city of Cleveland with a strong stamp of ordinary and traditional Catholic culture. From this perspective, we built a collection of oral interviews, with the life stories of 13 healers and a healer from the city and region. In this sense, we were guided by the very threads and intricacies that fieldwork has allowed us to reach and, also, to dialogue with theorists such as Michel de Certeau, Raymond Williams, Fritjof Capra, Alessandro Portelli, Janaína Amado.
Rationality of sentinel node biopsy in the diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Bukin E. M. , Vasin A. B. , Goloshchapova N. S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Sentinel node biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of lymph node basin lesions in breast cancer. Although the method has got a long history of its application, some practical issues related to its economic and social advantages and disadvantages remain unresolved.

Aims. To consider the efficiency of approaches to the diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment in breast cancer, following the experience of sentinel node biopsy in Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital, Yaroslavl.

Materials and methods. Th e present paper involves the analysis of 942 histories of breast cancer patients who have undergone surgical treatment at Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital, Yaroslavl. According to the study results, 16% of stage I and II patients had a change in the initial status of lymph node basins aft er pathoanatomical examination of the removed lymph nodes. Th is prompted a change in preoperative examination and appointment of MRI of breast and lymph regional outflow for 64 patients prior to planning a sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Results and discussion. Magnetic resonance imaging data correlated with the results obtained aft er histological examination and served to determine the extent of surgical treatment, reducing the risks of reintervention and locoregional recurrence.

Conclusion. Sentinel node biopsy is a method that combines high informativity, safety and economic benefits. However, in order to achieve greater patient focus, a comprehensive approach to preoperative examination and principle of cooperation in the choice of treatment strategy should be observed in all cases.
Risk prediction program for choosing methods of biliary tract decompression in patients with obstructive jaundice caused by tumors: clinical testing
Authors: Vasin A. B. , Omelchenko D. V.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The most pressing problems in abdominal oncology surgery are the development of obstructive jaundice as a complication in patients with malignant tumors in the hepatobiliary and pancreatoduodenal area, and the ways to eliminate it and to reduce the risk of adverse events. Our earlier research revealed 14 predictors that together are more likely to cause undesirable postoperative complications, including deaths during minimally invasive biliary tract decompression. On the basis of the data obtained, a computer program “Risk Assessment of Treatment Methods for Obstructive Jaundice” was created.

Materials and methods. The program was introduced into clinical practice in Yaroslavl Regional Clinical Oncology Hospital and was tested on 144 patients from 2019 through 2022. Th e program issued a conclusion on the risk of adverse events and assigned the patient to one of the groups where drainage or stenting were recommended for the first stage of biliary tract decompression.

Results and discussion. Following a collegial decision based on the results obtained via the program, 58 patients (40.28 %) underwent endoscopic stenting and 86 patients (59.72 %) underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. In the study group, adverse events developed in 10 patients (6.94 %), while in the control group — in 50 patients (22.94 %), and 134 patients (93.06 %) had no complications, as compared to 168 patients (77.06 %) in the control group.

Conclusion. Application of the program based on reliable and practically significant 14 predictors results in a decline in general complications induced by minimally invasive biliary tract decompression from 22.94 % to 6.94 % and a 3.5-fold decrease in mortality from 5.05 % to 1.39 % in patients with malignant neoplasms in the hepatobiliary and pancreatoduodenal area, complicated by obstructive and mixed jaundice.
New views on pathogenesis and diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Ishmuratova K. R. , Gantsev K. Sh.
Published: January 2023

Peritoneal metastasis occurs in a number of heterogeneous tumors originating from the ovaries, stomach, intestines, pancreas, lungs, breast, and melanoma. Peritoneal carcinomatosis significantly reduces overall survival. While being almost unresponsive to treatment, dissemination of tumor cells along the peritoneum aggravates the course of the disease. Despite the use of locoregional treatment, peritoneal carcinomatosis is still considered to be an aggravating factor with a poor prognosis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis cannot be defined as a separate locoregional process with its own biology and oncogenesis due to the lack of clear understanding the molecular and biological features of peritoneal metastasis, as well as generally recognized standards for diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms with various localizations. Addressing peritoneal carcinomatosis as a separate developing molecular event will enhance the understanding of its morpho- and oncogenesis and strengthen the search for therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive approaches to its management. Th e paper presents a bibliographic study of publications on exploring peritoneal metastases from various sites, including the abdominal and pelvic organs. Th e known mechanisms of tumors metastasis to the peritoneum are characterized in the paper. Diagnostic approaches to peritoneal carcinomatosis were assessed and compared. Th e collected data analysis revealed the main gaps in the understanding of peritoneal carcinomatosis oncogenesis.
Potential for application of hydroxyapatite-based bone grafting materials in spine surgery
Authors: Mukhametov U. F. , Lyulin S. V. , Borzunov D. Yu.
Published: January 2023

The expansion in the number of primary joint replacements worldwide is causing a rise in revision joint replacements due to bacterial infection. Revision surgery with cementless implants appears to be beneficial for long-term outcome, and using antibiotic-impregnated bone grafts can control infection and provide good implant support. Autologous bone graft s (autografts) areused in surgery to fill defects and impaction bone grafting in spinal reconstruction. Because of their superior osteoinductive ability, autograft sare considered the “gold standard” for these treatments. However, due to a better cost-benefit ratio, allografts are also often used. In case of limited donor availability for autologous or allogeneic bone graft s, bone grafting materials are a reasonable alternative or adjunct. Bone grafting materials combine or are based on different substances. Growth factors of the bone morphogenetic protein family are recombinant proteins that specifically induce bone and cartilage growth. One advantage of bone grafting materials is that they can be combined with several antibiotics. Th e choice of antibiotics should consider possible dose-dependent cellular and pharmacological side effects at the implantation site, as well as be based on antimicrobial efficacy. Thus, microbiologists, pharmacologists and surgeons must decide together which combination is more appropriate. Bone grafting materials with active ingredient supplements are considered to be combination drugs, characterised by a primary effect (bone replacement function) and a secondary effect (prevention of bacterial recolonization of the bone grafting materials). Both functions must be clinically validated during the registration process as a Class III medical device. Currently, only a few combination products are available on the market. In this review, we considered the existing hydroxyapatite-based bone grafting materials and the potential for their use in spine surgery.
The Effect of Humic Substances on the Content of Copper and Zinc in the Turkey Muscle
Authors: Skalická Magdaléna , Naď Pavel , Bujňák Lukáš , Marcin Andrej
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of humic substances on the changes of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content in the thigh and breast muscle of turkey. For the trial, 20 turkeys (BIG 6) were allocated into two groups (control group and experimental group) of 10 birds. Experimental group was supplemented with 0.5 % Humac Mycotoxi Sorb (HM). The control group received a basal diet without any supplements. The Humac Mycotoxi Sorb was added to turkey feed for 10 weeks.  In the breast and thigh muscles, we found a statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) Cu content after the addition of 0.5% HM to the feed (4.43; 4.18 mg.kg-1 ) compared to the control group of turkeys (2.70;3.35 mg.kg-1). Also, in the breast and thigh muscles, were found a statistically significantly higher   (P < 0.05) Zn content after the addition of 0.5% HM to the feed (50.98; 64.42 mg.kg-1 ) compared to the control group of turkeys (44.33; 62.95 mg.kg-1).
Carcass Characteristic, Caecal Metabolites and Dropping Quality in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing a Humic Substances
Authors: Zigo František , Hreško Šamudovská Alena , Bujňák Lukáš
Published: January 2023

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of humic substances added to diets on carcass characteristics, weight of visceral organs, fermentation process in the caecum and excretion of dry matter and crude protein in broiler chicks. One hundred one day old broiler chicks were assigned in two equal groups. Birds of the experimental group were fed with diets supplemented with humic substances (in amount: 5 g.kg-1 during the first two weeks and 7 g.kg-1 from the 3rd to the 6th week). No significant effect of humic substances supplementation was observed on carcass characteristics (carcass weight, carcass yield, abdominal fat pad) as well as the relative weight of the liver, the heart, the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius. On the other hand, in the experimental group was found significantly higher relative weight of the pancreas (P < 0.05). Also, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum content was not significantly affected, but tested substance lowered the pH value in caecum (P < 0.05). Significantly lover content of crude protein (P < 0.05) and also significantly higher concentration of dry matter (P < 0.01) in the droppings of chicks was found in experimental group than in the control group. It was concluded that the addition of humic substances to the diets can contribute to reducing the burden on the environment from poultry farms.