bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Tabletop Matrix: Determining Reliability for a Criterion-Referenced Performance Measure
Authors: Evans Cathleen A. , Baumberger-Henry Mary
Published: August 2017

Background:

Disasters are high-impact events. Tabletop exercises are a historic education strategy used to determine policies, procedures, and strengths and challenges for those involved. A tabletop exercise was designed for students to demonstrate transfer of prior medical–surgical content to a novel context of a hospital patient surge following a disaster. To accompany the tabletop exercise, a tabletop matrix was developed as an instrument to measure students' learning transfer of medical–surgical content.

Method:

A pilot study was conducted with senior baccalaureate nursing students to determine instrument reliability and effectiveness of the tabletop exercise.

Results:

Postpilot interrater reliability was established with medical–surgical experts for the matrix, scenarios, and dispositions. Cronbach's alpha could not be calculated, and rationale is provided. Improvements were made to the instrument's items.

Conclusion:

The tabletop matrix was determined to be a criterion-referenced performance measurement of nursing students' learning transfer of medical–surgical concepts to a novel circumstance using a disaster-scenario tabletop exercise. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(8):509–513.]
Assessing Repeatability of Pupillometric Measurements in the Eyes of Refractive Surgery Candidates Using Infrared Pupillometer
Authors: Salah-Mabed Imène , Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien
Published: August 2017

PURPOSE:

To assess the repeatability of measuring pupil dynamics using an infrared pupillometer.

METHODS:

A total of 124 eyes of 124 patients scheduled for corneal laser refractive surgery were separated into myopic and hyperopic groups and further subdivided based on high or low levels of astigmatism. Measurements were taken using dynamic pupillometry (Topolyzer Vario; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Sinking Spring, PA). Main outcome measures were pupil diameter size, the distance between the pupil center and the keratoscopic axis, and the spatial shift of the pupil center. Repeatability of measurements was assessed from test–retest repeatability (2.77 Sw), coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS:

The 2.77 Sw of all measured parameters was lower than 0.36 and 0.44 mm for myopic and hyperopic eyes, respectively. ICCs of the pupil diameter measurements were higher than 0.963 and 0.926 in myopic and hyperopic eyes, respectively. ICCs of the distance between the pupil center and the corneal vertex along the x-axis were higher than 0.934 and 0.994 in myopic and hyperopic eyes, respectively. Along the y-axis, ICCs of this distance were higher than 0.417 in myopic eyes and higher than 0.504 in hyperopic eyes. The pupil center shift measurement ICCs were lower than 0.482 and 0.526 for myopic and hyperopic eyes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

In all groups, the Topolyzer Vario showed excellent repeatability when measuring pupil dynamic parameters except when measuring pupil center shift and distance between the pupil center and the corneal vertex along the vertical axis.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(8):552–557.]
Results of Intraoperative Manual Cyclotorsion Compensation for Myopic Astigmatism in Patients Undergoing Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Ganesh Sri , Brar Sheetal , Pawar Archana
Published: August 2017

PURPOSE:

To study the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of manual cyclotorsion compensation in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopic astigmatism.

METHODS:

Eligible patients with myopia from −1.00 to −10.00 diopters (D) spherical equivalent with a minimum astigmatism of 0.75 D undergoing SMILE were included. Intraoperative cyclotorsion compensation was performed by gently rotating the cone and aligning the 0° to 180° limbal marks with the horizontal axis of the reticule of the right eye piece of the microscope of the femtosecond laser after activating the suction.

RESULTS:

In this study, 81 left eyes from 81 patients were analyzed for vector analysis of astigmatism. The mean cyclotorsion was 5.64° ± 2.55° (range: 2° to 12°). No significant differences were found for surgically induced astigmatism, difference vector, angle of error (AE), correction index, magnitude of error, index of success (IOS), and flattening index between 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively (
P
> .05). The eyes were categorized into low (≤ 1.50 D, n = 37) and high (> 1.50 D, n = 44) cylinder groups. At 3 months, intergroup analysis showed a comparable correction index of 0.97 for the low and 0.93 for the high cylinder groups, suggesting a slight undercorrection of 3% and 7%, respectively (
P
= .14). However, the AE and IOS were significantly lower in the high compared to the low cylinder group (
P
= .032 and .024 for AE and IOS, respectively), suggesting better alignment of the treatment in the high cylinder group. However, the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity of both groups was comparable (
P
= .21), suggesting good visual outcomes in the low cylinder group despite a less favorable IOS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Manual compensation may be a safe, feasible, and effective approach to refine the results of astigmatism with SMILE, especially in higher degrees of cylinders.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(8):506–512.]
Implantable Collamer Lens in the Management of Pseudophakic Ametropia
Authors: Eissa Sherif A. , Khafagy Mohamed M. , Sidky Mohamed Karim
Published: August 2017

PURPOSE:

To assess Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) (STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) implantation in the ciliary sulcus to correct pseudophakic ametropia in patients who are not candidates for a keratorefractive procedure.

METHODS:

The authors performed a prospective non-comparative case series study of 18 patients (age: 48 to 61 years) with refractive surprise after phacoemulsification. Patients underwent implantation of a piggyback collagen copolymer lens: V4C design in 16 myopic eyes and V4B design in 2 hyperopic eyes. The position and vault of the ICLs were documented at all control visits clinically and with Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), intraocular pressure (IOP), and endothelial cell count were recorded at baseline and 1 week and 1, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

The MRSE improved from −3.08 ± 2.37 diopters (D) preoperatively to −0.44 ± −0.23 D postoperatively, corrected with a mean ICL power of −3.20 ± 2.90 D. The mean UDVA improved from 1.03 ± 0.12 logMAR preoperatively to 0.05 ± 0.06 logMAR postoperatively (
P
= .00), whereas CDVA improved from 0.47 ± 0.03 logMAR preoperatively to −0.006 ± 0.02 logMAR (
P
= .001) postoperatively. None of the cases developed interlenticular opacification throughout the 18-month follow-up. The mean ICL vault measured by Scheimpflug tomography was 451.27 ± 178.5 µm. Acute IOP elevation with anterior uveitis developed in 2 eyes and was controlled by topical steroids and a beta-blocker.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sulcus implantation of the secondary ICL to correct pseudophakic refractive error was safe, predictable, and well tolerated in all studied eyes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(8):532–537.]
Corneal Biomechanics After Accelerated Cross-linking: Comparison Between 18 and 9 mW/cm
2
Protocols
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Asgari Soheila , Mehravaran Shiva , Miraftab Mohammad , Ghaffari Reza , Fotouhi Akbar
Published: August 2017

PURPOSE:

To determine 1-year corneal biomechanical changes after accelerated corneal cross-linking in patients with progressive keratoconus and compare them between 5-minute (18 mW/cm
2
) and 10-minute (9 mW/cm
2
) protocols.

METHODS:

In this non-randomized clinical trial, cases in both groups were examined with the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after treatment. Extracted indices included intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), first and second applanation times, lengths, and velocities (T1, T2, L1, L2, V1, and V2), highest concavity time (HCT), deformation amplitude (DA), peak distance between bending points, and radius of curvature.

RESULTS:

Mean patient age, baseline maximum keratometry, CCT, and IOP were similar between groups. After adjusting for CCT and baseline values with repeated measures analysis of covariance, at 1 year after the procedure, IOP (13.14 ± 1.41 vs 12.12 ± 1.49 mm Hg,
P
= .034) and T1 (6.84 ± 0.20 vs 6.67 ± 0.23 ms,
P
= .036) were higher in the 5-minute group, but T2 (21.31 ± 0.27 vs 21.58 ± 0.28 ms,
P
= .007), HCT (16.06 ± 0.51 vs 16.31 ± 0.48 ms,
P
= .017), and DA (1.03 ± 0.09 vs 1.10 ± 0.08 mm,
P
= .028) were lower. Other inter-group differences were not statistically significant (all
P
> .050). All 1-year changes were independent of cone position (all
P
> .050).

CONCLUSIONS:

At 1 year after cross-linking in cases of mild and moderate keratoconus, corneal biomechanics appeared stable or stronger than baseline with both 5- and 10-minute protocols. However, mild cases who had the 5-minute protocol showed better improvement based on Corvis ST indices.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(8):558–562.]
Millennials, Digital Natives, and the Emergence of New Educational Spaces
Authors: Roberts John , Kidd Terry T.
Published: August 2017

This chapter serves as an exploration into the landscape of technology use in educational research as it relates to millennials in the United States. The chapter offers a discussion of digital technology and recent studies in educational research as they relate to millennial technology use for educational purposes followed by implications for these environments. Educational scholars and anecdotes from U.S. national digital learning initiatives such as the MacArthur Foundation have promulgated a persona of today's youth in the United States as “digital natives” and “millennial learners” (Strauss & Howe, 2000). This chapter seeks to examine the literature regarding digital narratives and the emergence of new educational and creative spaces as result of digital technology. Findings of this work suggest that students within this case agreed that technology should be used in the classroom based of their learning styles and ability to understand and retain information.
Mastering Distance Education in the Digital Age
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: August 2017

This chapter explains the overview of distance education; the current issues and approaches in distance education; and the implications of distance education in the digital age. Distance education is a viable option for many individuals of all ages who desire to get an education. Distance education provides the opportunity to study more subjects and reach out to programs that are not available in the immediate area. Distance education platforms, when fully developed and built out, can offer strong features that enhance the learning experiences. Through distance education, online classes typically cost less than an education in a traditional classroom environment. There are less space limitations and learning materials required for each student and the savings are passed from the educational institution to each student.
Defining and Designing Responsive Online Professional Development (ROPD)
Authors: Riel Jeremy , Lawless Kimberly A. , Brown Scott W.
Published: August 2017

Teacher professional development programs typically do not meet teachers' ongoing, long-term needs that arise. In this chapter, the authors forward a systematic framework called responsive online professional development (ROPD) that can be used by instructional designers to provide continuous, online PD for teachers in the service of curriculum implementation fidelity. The systematic process afforded by the ROPD framework promotes teachers' reflection on their individual classroom practice as they implement new curricula or standards and provides support to teachers as they are implementing new curricula, standards, and pedagogies. Design elements of the proposed ROPD framework are discussed by the authors, and an illustrative example of the implementation and observed outcomes of a previously enacted ROPD Program (GE2PD) are discussed. When compared to conventional PD programs, professional growth from ROPD is emphasized during the implementation process through a systematic approach that intentionally connect teachers with the instructional designers of a curriculum.
Modular E-Learning Course Design
Authors: Parlakkılıç Alaattin
Published: August 2017

Generally it is difficult for an instructor to prepare and disseminate electronic course contents via Web. Therefore it is necessary to study and develop methodology and tools for supporting instructors, experts and even students to manage and access their online course contents easily, conveniently, flexibly and reliably. In order to do some jobs, module technology was introduced to e-learning to provide modularity in conducting educational development of courses and e-learning. Modules can best perform tasks independently on behalf of what was designed in a modular architecture. In modular design modules can be optimized independently of other modules, so that failure of one module does not cause other modules to stop and in general makes it easier to understand, design and manage web-based course system.
Gender Difference in Perception and Use of Social Media Tools
Authors: Liu Youmei
Published: August 2017

Research on gender difference remains a strong interest today because the gender equality issue has not been fundamentally tackled in many areas due to traditional and cultural gender values. However, on the technology adoption, especially social media tools usage, the gender difference is less prominent. The research study in this chapter was conducted in a higher education institution and data were collected from 1534 students in eight years (2009–2016). The purpose of this study is to find out if there are any gender difference in familiarity of social media concept and use of social media tools, and if the traditional gender values are affecting social media adoption. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant gender difference in media concept knowledge. Both genders were using the same top four social media tools. However, male participants have higher usage of resource-based social media tools, while females have higher usage on relationship building platforms.
The Role of Computational Thinking in the Preparation of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Mugayitoglu Bekir , Kush Joseph C.
Published: August 2017

This chapter focuses on the ways computational thinking can be integrated into the curricula of educational institutions. Readers will gain knowledge of computational thinking as it is used in instructional technology, explore computational thinking in various academic fields, become familiar with computer-based, tablet-based and mobile device resources which support computational thinking, and be exposed to a variety of processes and interventions involved in the management of instructional technology.
Strategies to Support the Faculty Adoption of Technology for Student Success Initiatives
Authors: Collins Phyllis K. Brooks
Published: August 2017

Faculty members have a key role in helping students to navigate through the academic requirements for their chosen degree program. As the call for more institutional accountability increases across the higher education landscape, retaining and graduating students becomes critical for institutions. Technology has been touted as the solution to alleviate the problem by adopting more efficient ways of improving and monitoring student success. Historically, the faculty's primary focus was to teach, engage in research and service with limited oversight and full autonomy. This chapter will examine strategies to facilitate and support the faculty adoption of technology as it pertains to student success initiatives. The author will discuss the types of faculty and their responsibilities, the barriers institutions face to faculty participation and how to motivate faculty to adopt technology to support student success. Finally, selected strategies for successful faculty adoptions that will support student success initiatives and programs will be reviewed.
The Impact of Emerging Technology on Leadership Development
Authors: Connally Patrick N. , Morris Lonnie R.
Published: August 2017

Through an exploration of research and practical literature, this chapter examines the impact of emerging technologies on leadership development. First the authors discuss how technology has changed organizational approaches to training and development. Next, the authors address the benefits of leveraging technology for organizational learning and leadership growth. Then simulation and gaming, social media, and blogs are discussed for their particular strengths as key options for leadership development.
Effect of prey and pollen on interactions between Typhlodromus bagdasarjani and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on cucumber (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Moghadasi Mona , Allahyari Hossein
Published: August 2017

Intraguild predation is a notable factor to proper application of biocontrol agents to reduce pest populations. Intraguild predation was studied between Typhlodromus bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in presence and absence of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) as well as pollen. Intraguild predation between two predators was bidirectional. The highest and the lowest predation rates of both predators in absence and presence of T. urticae as well as in the pollen treatments were on heterospecific eggs and deutonymphs, respectively. Typhlodromus bagdasarjani consumed more heterospecific eggs compared with P. persimilis. When pollen was added, predation of T. bagdasarjani significantly reduced on heterospecific eggs and deutonymphs in absence and presence of T. urticae treatments, respectively. However, predation rate of P. persimilis on heterospecific stages was not significantly affected by pollen addition. Oviposition of both predators was higher in presence of T. urticae than in its absence and oviposition of P. persimilis was significantly higher on heterospecific stages than T. bagdasarjani. Pollen addition had a significant effect on increasing the oviposition rate of T. bagdasarjani. Extraguild prey presence had a nonsignificant effect on the consumption rate of intraguild prey by the intraguild predators. However, presence of extraguild prey led to a significant increase in oviposition rate of both predators.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Loading of Macrophages Downregulates TLR-Induced Proinflammatory Responses in a Gene-Specific and Temporal Manner through Transcriptional Control
Authors: Jongstra-Bilen Jenny , Zhang Cindy X. , Wisnicki Timothy , Li Mengyi K. , White-Alfred Samantha , Ilaalagan Ragave , Ferri Dario M. , Deonarain Ashley , Wan Mark H. , Hyduk Sharon J. , Cummins Carolyn L. , Cybulsky Myron I.
Published: August 2017

Hypercholesterolemia is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis and leads to the uptake of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages (Mϕs) and foam cell formation. Inflammatory processes accompany Mϕ foam cell formation in the artery wall, yet the relationship between Mϕ lipid loading and their response to inflammatory stimuli remains elusive. We investigated proinflammatory gene expression in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal Mϕs, bone marrow–derived Mϕs and dendritic cells, and RAW264.7 cells. Loading with oxLDL did not induce peritoneal Mϕ apoptosis or modulate basal-level expression of proinflammatory genes. Upon stimulation of TLR4, the rapid induction of IFN-β was inhibited in cells loaded with oxLDL, whereas the induction of other proinflammatory genes by TLR4 (LPS), TLR3 (polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid), TLR2 (Pam3CSK4), and TLR9 (CpG) remained comparable within the first 2 h. Subsequently, the expression of a subset of proinflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5) was reduced in oxLDL-loaded cells at the level of transcription. This phenomenon was partially dependent on NF erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) but not on nuclear liver X receptors α and β (LXRα,β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity and intracellular signaling by NF-κB and MAPK pathways were comparable in oxLDL-loaded Mϕs, yet the binding of p65/RelA (the prototypic NF-κB family member) was reduced at IL-6 and CCL5 promoters. This study revealed that oxLDL loading of Mϕs negatively regulates transcription at late stages of TLR-induced proinflammatory gene expression and implicates epigenetic mechanisms such as histone deacetylase activity.
α3-Deletion Isoform of HLA-A11 Modulates Cytotoxicity of NK Cells: Correlations with HIV-1 Infection of Cells
Authors: Zhang Xi-He , Lian Xiao-Dong , Dai Zheng-Xi , Zheng Hong-Yi , Chen Xin , Zheng Yong-Tang
Published: August 2017

Alternative splicing occurs frequently in many genes, especially those involved in immunity. Unfortunately, the functions of many alternatively spliced molecules from immunologically relevant genes remain unknown. Classical HLA-I molecules are expressed on almost all nucleated cells and play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Although splice variants of HLA-I genes have been reported, the details of their functions have not been reported. In the current study, we determined the characteristics, expression, and function of a novel splice variant of HLA-A11 named HLA-A11svE4. HLA-A11svE4 is located on the cell surface without β2-microglobulin (β2m). Additionally, HLA-A11svE4 forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with HLA-A open conformers, instead of combining with β2m. Moreover, HLA-A11svE4 inhibits the activation of NK cells to protect target cells. Compared with β2m and HLA-A11, the heterodimer of HLA-A11svE4 and HLA-A11 protected target cells from lysis by NK cells more effectively. Furthermore, HLA-AsvE4 expression was upregulated by HIV-1 in vivo and by HSV, CMV, and hepatitis B virus in vitro. In addition, our findings indicated that HLA-A11svE4 molecules were functional in activating CD8+ T cells through Ag presentation. Taken together, these results suggested that HLA-A11svE4 can homodimerize and form a novel heterodimeric complex with HLA-A11 open conformers. Furthermore, the data are consistent with HLA-A11svE4 playing a role in the immune escape of HIV-1.
Reliability and Validity of the Belt-Stabilized Handheld Dynamometer in Hip- and Knee-Strength Tests
Authors: Martins Jaqueline , da Silva Janaina Rodrigues , da Silva; Marcelo Rodrigues Barbosa , Bevilaqua-Grossi Débora
Published: August 2017

Context: 

The belt-stabilized handheld dynamometer (HHD) has been used to assess the strength of knee- and hip-muscle groups. However, few researchers have examined its reliability and validity for assessing the strength of these muscles.

Objective: 

To evaluate the intra-examiner reliability of the belt-stabilized HHD and its validity and agreement with the isokinetic dynamometer for assessing the strength of knee- and hip-muscle groups.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

We evaluated 26 healthy participants (13 men, 13 women; age = 23.5 ± 2.8 years, height = 1.7 ± 0.1 m, mass = 68.6 ± 12.4 kg) in 2 sessions using the belt-stabilized HHD and an isokinetic dynamometer for maximum strength of the hip adductors, abductors, flexors, extensors, internal rotators, and external rotators and the knee flexors and extensors.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

We used reliability values provided by the intraclass correlation coefficient (2,3), standard error of measurement (SEM and percentage SEM), and minimal detectable change; correlation values comparing the belt-stabilized HHD and the isokinetic instrument using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r); and the mean difference in values comparing the 2 instruments using the Bland-Altman method.

Results: 

The intrarater HHD reliability was excellent for most measurements (range = 0.80–0.96; SEM = 1.3–5.3 kilograms of force or 4.8−18.9 Nm, percentage SEM = 7.0%–22.0%, minimal detectable change = 3.6–18.8 kilograms of force or 13.2−52.4 Nm) and was moderate only for bilateral knee flexion and left hip internal rotation (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,3] = 0.62–0.66 and 0.70, respectively). Correlation with the isokinetic dynamometer was moderate to high (r = 0.60–0.90), but the absolute values did not demonstrate concordance between results using the Bland-Altman method.

Conclusions: 

The belt-stabilized HHD measurements were reliable, and although they did not agree with those from the isokinetic dynamometer, the values were correlated for the hip- and knee-muscle groups.
Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure, architecture description
Authors:   GeoConnections
Published: August 2017

This document is an update and revision of the original Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) Architecture Description that was created in 2001. Since that time, there has been significant progress made in the development of the CGDI. The first five
years have resulted in the development of an infrastructure, data, and services, as well as establishing key relationships and partnerships.
The updates to this document are based on extensive stakeholder consultations. Rich contributions were received through a multi-faceted approach that included both traditional and on-line consultation techniques. This has allowed for the preparation and presentation of an Architecture document that
encompasses the reflections and considerations of those with a keen interest in the future of the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure.
Forecasting space weather in Canada
Authors:   Canadian Space Weather Forecast Centre
Published: August 2017

Space weather refers to the conditions and processes occurring in space which have the potential to affect the near
Earth environment. Space weather processes can include changes in the interplanetary magnetic field, coronal mass ejections from the Sun, and disturbances in Earth's magnetic field. The effects of space weather can range from damage to satellites to disruption of power grids on
Earth.
Malaria in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China: A Twelve-Year Surveillance Data Study
Authors: Lin Kangming , Wei Haiyan , Jiang Weikang , Li Jun , Zhang Weiwei , Wei Shujiao , Yang Yichao , Huang Yaming , Feng Xiangyang , Tu Hong , Feng Jun
Published: August 2017

The incidence of an indigenous malaria, defined as malaria acquired by a local mosquito transmission, declined from 2004 to 2015 in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. However, imported malaria, defined as malaria acquired from other endemic regions outside of China, has been increasing in the region, as in the rest of the country, particularly the disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum. A retrospective study was conducted to explore malaria-endemic characteristics in Guangxi during the 2004–2015 timeframe; a total of 2,726 confirmed malaria cases were reported, and the majority (90.3%) were due to P. falciparum (N = 1,697 [62.2%]) and Plasmodium vivax (N = 765 [28.1%]). Thirty-four indigenous cases (1.2%) were observed, with no cases of transmission recorded since 2012. Imported P. vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections increased since 2013. The interval between returning to China and the onset of illness was longer for P. vivax and P. ovale infections than for P. falciparum and Plasmodium malariae infections. The difference interval among the species is likely because of the relapse of P. vivax and P. ovale caused by the activation of the latent hypnozoites. Therefore, health clinics should raise awareness and carry out epidemiological studies and follow-up surveys on migrant workers to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The evaluation of radical treatment should be carried out using a genotyping technology based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency levels, and some new drugs active against the hypnozoites should be developed to mitigate malaria in the region.
The Emergence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus
Authors: Silvas Jesus A. , Aguilar Patricia V.
Published: August 2017

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly recognized hemorrhagic fever disease found throughout Asia with a case fatality rate between 12% and 30%. Since 2009, SFTS has been reported in China throughout 14 Chinese Provinces. In addition, SFTS has been recognized in South Korea and Japan with the first confirmed cases reported in 2012. A similar disease, caused by the closely related Heartland virus, was also reported in the United States in 2009. SFTS is caused by SFTS virus, a novel tick-borne virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus. Unlike other mosquito- and sandfly-borne bunyaviruses, SFTS virus has not been extensively studied due to its recent emergence and many unknowns regarding its pathogenesis, life cycle, transmission, and options for therapeutics remains. In this review, we report the most current findings in SFTS virus research.
House Structure Is Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in a Low-Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia
Authors: Ippolito Matthew M. , Searle Kelly M. , Hamapumbu Harry , Shields Timothy M. , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J. , _ _
Published: August 2017

House structure may influence the risk of malaria by affecting mosquito entry and indoor resting. Identification of construction features associated with protective benefits could inform vector control approaches, even in low-transmission settings. We examined the association between house structure and malaria prevalence in a cross-sectional analysis of 2,788 children and adults residing in 866 houses in a low-transmission area of Southern Province, Zambia, over the period 2008–2012. Houses were categorized according to wall (brick/cement block or mud/grass) and roof (metal or grass) material. Malaria was assessed by point-of-care rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for Plasmodium falciparum. We identified 52 RDT-positive individuals residing in 41 houses, indicating an overall prevalence in the sample of 1.9%, ranging from 1.4% to 8.8% among the different house types. Occupants of higher quality houses had reduced odds of P. falciparum malaria compared with those in the lowest quality houses after controlling for bed net use, indoor insecticide spraying, clustering by house, cohabitation with another RDT-positive individual, transmission season, ecologic risk defined as nearest distance to a Strahler-classified third-order stream, education, age, and gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.73, P = 0.01 for houses with brick/cement block walls and metal roof; OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09–0.52, P < 0.01 for houses with brick/cement block walls and grass roof). Housing improvements offer a promising approach to vector control in low-transmission settings that circumvents the threat posed by insecticide resistance, and may confer a protective benefit of similar magnitude to current vector control strategies.
Short-Term Changes in Anemia and Malaria Parasite Prevalence in Children under 5 Years during One Year of Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys in Rural Malawi
Authors: Kabaghe Alinune N. , Chipeta Michael G. , Terlouw Dianne J. , McCann Robert S. , van Vugt Michèle , Grobusch Martin P. , Takken Willem , Phiri Kamija S.
Published: August 2017

In stable transmission areas, malaria is the leading cause of anemia in children. Anemia in children is proposed as an added sensitive indicator for community changes in malaria prevalence. We report short-term temporal variations of malaria and anemia prevalence in rural Malawian children. Data from five repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted over 1 year in rural communities in Chikwawa District, Malawi, were analyzed. Different households were sampled per survey; all children, 6–59 months, in sampled household were tested for malaria parasitemia and hemoglobin levels using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT) and Hemocue 301, respectively. Malaria symptoms, recent treatment (2 weeks) for malaria, anthropometric measurements, and sociodemographic details were recorded. In total, 894 children were included from 1,377 households. The prevalences of mRDT positive and anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL) were 33.8% and 58.7%, respectively. Temporal trends in anemia and parasite prevalence varied differently. Overall, unadjusted and adjusted relative risks of anemia in mRDT-positive children were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09–1.57) and 1.36 (1.13–1.63), respectively. Changes in anemia prevalence differed with short-term changes in malaria prevalence, although malaria is an important factor in anemia.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF MALARIA VACCINES ON THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA: OVERVIEW
Authors: SMITH THOMAS , KILLEEN GERRY F. , MAIRE NICOLAS , ROSS AMANDA , MOLINEAUX LOUIS , TEDIOSI FABRIZIO , HUTTON GUY , UTZINGER JÜRG , DIETZ KLAUS , TANNER MARCEL
Published: August 2017

We report a major project to develop integrated mathematical models for predicting the epidemiologic and economic effects of malaria vaccines both at the individual and population level. The project has developed models of the within-host dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum that have been fitted to parasite density profiles from malariatherapy patients, and simulations of P. falciparum epidemiology fitted to field malariologic datasets from a large ensemble of settings across Africa. The models provide a unique platform for predicting both the short- and long-term effects of malaria vaccines on the burden of disease, allowing for the temporal dynamics of effects on immunity and transmission. We discuss how the models can be used to obtain robust cost-effectiveness estimates for a wide range of malaria vaccines and vaccination delivery strategies in different eco-epidemiologic settings. This paper outlines for a non-mathematical audience the approach we have taken and its underlying rationale.
What Happened to My Patient? An Educational Intervention to Facilitate Postdischarge Patient Follow-Up
Authors: Narayana Sirisha , Rajkomar Alvin , Harrison James D. , Valencia Victoria , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Ranji Sumant R.
Published: August 2017

Background 

Following up on patients' clinical courses after hospital discharge may enhance physicians' learning and care of future patients. Barriers to this practice for residents include time constraints, discontinuous training environments, and difficulty accessing patient information.

Objective 

We designed an educational intervention facilitating informed self-assessment and reflection through structured postdischarge follow-up of patients' longitudinal clinical courses. We then examined the experience of interns who received this intervention in a mixed methods study.

Methods 

Internal medicine interns on a 4-week patient safety rotation received lists of hospitalized patients they had cared for earlier in the year. They selected patients for chart review and completed a guided reflection worksheet for each patient reviewed. Interns then discussed lessons learned in a faculty-led group debrief session.

Results 

Of 62 eligible interns, 62 (100%) participated in this intervention and completed 293 reflection worksheets. We analyzed worksheets and transcripts from 6 debrief sessions. Interns reported that postdischarge patient follow-up was valuable for their professional development, and helped them understand the natural history of disease and patients' illness experiences. After reviewing their patients' clinical courses, interns stated that they would advocate for earlier end-of-life counseling, improve care transitions, and adjust their clinical decision-making for similar patients in the future.

Conclusions 

Our educational intervention created the time, space, and structure for postdischarge patient follow-up. It was well received by participants, and is an opportunity for experiential learning.
Cinema, Trance and Cybernetics
Authors: Holl Ute ,   Herbach & Haase Literarische Agentur
Published: August 2017

We've all had the experience of watching a film and feeling like we've been in a trance. This book takes that experience seriously, explaining cinema as a cultural technique of trance, one that unconsciously transforms our perceptions. Ute Holl moves from anthropological and experimental cinema through nineteenth-century psychological laboratories, which she shows developed techniques for testing, measuring, and classifying the mind that can be seen as a prehistory of cinema, one that allows us to see the links among cinema, anthropology, psychology, and cybernetics.
Bede
Authors: Brown George , Biggs Fred
Published: August 2017

Bede is the inaugural volume in the Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture series, which seeks to comprehensively map British literary culture from 500 to 1100 CE. This volume presents four texts, or fascicles, dedicated to the Venerable Bede (d. 735), theologian and author of the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. Articles provide a wealth of information on Bede through manuscript evidence, medieval library catalogs, citations, and quotations. Using discussions of source relationships, the entries weigh and consider different interpretations of Bede’s works and suggest possibilities for future research. Part of an exciting new reference series, this book“and those that follow“will be indispensable to anyone interested in the history and literature of the period.
Framing Premodern Desires
Authors: Lidman Satu , Linkinen Tom , Heinonen Meri , Kaartinen Marjo , Walker Garthine , Parry-Jones Thomas , Smith Kathleen , Clementsson Bonnie , Wiślicz Tomasz , Dabhoiwala Faramerz , Franzén Carin , Hollewand Karen , Lancel Juliette , McLelland Kaye , Liliequist Jonas , Leveen Lois
Published: August 2017

The way that we have perceived, described, and understood sexual desire has changed dramatically over time and across cultures. This collection brings together a group of experts from a variety of disciplines to explore the history of sexual desires and the transformation of sexual ideas, attitudes, and practices in premodern Europe. Among the topics considered are the visibility of sexual offenses and the construction of passions; the geographical range extends to Great Britain, with extended attention also to France as well as Northern and Eastern Europe. The result is a groundbreaking volume that adds significantly to our understanding of premodern European history, history of sexualities, gender studies, religious history, and many other fields.
Expanding Welfare in an Age of Austerity
Authors: Kevins Anthony
Published: August 2017

In recent decades, and particularly since the financial crisis, continental Europe has seen an increasing gap between those workers who have well-protected, good-paying jobs with strong benefits and those who work lower-quality, nonstandard jobs, or who have no regular work at all. This situation would seem to call for increased spending on the social safety net, yet governments throughout the region have instead been turning to austerity. In the face of that reality, the options for helping disadvantaged workers are to extend coverage through re-allocating the benefits given to higher-level workers, maintain the benefits of the well-off as the number of outsiders continues to grow, or simply ignore the problem. This book asks why different nations have taken different tacks in handling-or not handling-this problem.
Visions of the End in Medieval Spain
Authors: Williams John , Martin Therese
Published: August 2017

This is the first study to bring together all twenty-nine extant copies of the medieval Commentary on the Apocalypse, which was originally written by Spanish monk Beatus of Liébana. John Williams, a renowned expert on the Commentary, shares a lifetime of study and offers new insights on these strikingly illustrated manuscripts. As he shows, the Commentary responded to differing monastic needs within the shifting context of the Middle Ages. Of special interest is a discussion of the recently discovered Geneva copy: one of only three commentaries to be written outside of the Iberian Peninsula, this manuscript shows both close affinities to the Spanish model and fascinating deviations from it in terms of its script and style of illustrations.
An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics
Authors: Bijma Fetsje , Jonker Marianne , Vaart Aad ,   Stichting Epsilon Uitgaven, Erné Reinie
Published: August 2017

Statistics is the science that focuses on drawing conclusions from data, by modeling and analyzing the data using probabilistic models. In 'An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics' the authors describe key concepts from statistics and give a mathematical basis for important statistical methods. Much attention is paid to the sound application of those methods to data.

The three main topics in statistics are estimators, tests, and confidence regions. The authors illustrate these in many examples, with a separate chapter on regression models, including linear regression and analysis of variance. They also discuss the optimality of estimators and tests, as well as the selection of the best-fitting model.Each chapter ends with a case study in which the described statistical methods are applied.

This book assumes a basic knowledge of probability theory, calculus, and linear algebra.
Simultaneous measurements of new particle formation at 1 s time resolution at a street site and a rooftop site
Authors: Zhu Yujiao , Yan Caiqing , Zhang Renyi , Wang Zifa , Zheng Mei , Gao Huiwang , Gao Yang , Yao Xiaohong
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This study is the first to use two identical Fast Mobility Particle Sizers for simultaneous measurement of particle number size distributions (PNSDs) at a street site and a rooftop site within 500 m distance in wintertime and springtime to investigate new particle formation (NPF) in Beijing. The collected datasets at 1 s time resolution allow deduction of the freshly emitted traffic particle signal from the measurements at the street site and thereby enable the evaluation of the effects on NPF in an urban atmosphere through a site-by-site comparison. The number concentrations of 8 to 20 nm newly formed particles and the apparent formation rate (FR) in the springtime were smaller at the street site than at the rooftop site. In contrast, NPF was enhanced in the wintertime at the street site with FR increased by a factor of 3 to 5, characterized by a shorter NPF time and higher new particle yields than at the rooftop site. Our results imply that the street canyon likely exerts distinct effects on NPF under warm or cold ambient temperature conditions because of on-road vehicle emissions, i.e., stronger condensation sinks that may be responsible for the reduced NPF in the springtime but efficient nucleation and partitioning of gaseous species that contribute to the enhanced NPF in the wintertime. The occurrence or absence of apparent growth for new particles with mobility diameters larger than 10 nm was also analyzed. The oxidization of biogenic organics in the presence of strong photochemical reactions is suggested to play an important role in growing new particles with diameters larger than 10 nm, but sulfuric acid is unlikely to be the main species for the apparent growth. However, the number of datasets used in this study is relatively small, and larger datasets are essential to draw a general conclusion.
Intercomparison of AIRS and HIRDLS stratospheric gravity wave observations
Authors: Meyer Catrin I. , Ern Manfred , Hoffmann Lars , Trinh Quang Thai , Alexander M. Joan
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We investigate stratospheric gravity wave observations by the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite and the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) aboard NASA's Aura satellite. AIRS operational temperature retrievals are typically not used for studies of gravity waves, because their horizontal resolution is rather limited. This study uses data of a high-resolution retrieval which provides stratospheric temperature profiles for each individual satellite footprint. Therefore the horizontal sampling of the high-resolution retrieval is nine times better than that of the operational retrieval. HIRDLS provides 2D spectral formation of observed gravity waves in terms of along-track and vertical wavelengths. AIRS as a nadir sounder is more sensitive to short horizontal wavelength gravity waves and HIRDLS as a limb sounder is more sensitive to short vertical wavelength gravity waves. Therefore HIRDLS is ideally suited to complement AIRS observations. A calculated momentum flux factor indicates that the waves seen by AIRS contribute significantly to momentum flux, even if the AIRS temperature variance may be small compared to HIRDLS. The stratospheric wave structures observed by AIRS and HIRDLS agree often very well. Case studies of a mountain wave event and a non-orographic wave event demonstrate that the observed phase structures of AIRS and HIRDLS are conform. AIRS has a coarser vertical resolution, which results in an attenuation of the amplitude and coarser vertical wavelengths compared to HIRDLS. However, AIRS has a much higher horizontal resolution and the propagation direction of the waves can be clearly identified in geographical maps. The horizontal orientation of the phase fronts can be deduced from AIRS 3D temperature fields. This is a restricting factor for gravity wave analyses of limb measurements. Additionally, temperature variances with respect to stratospheric gravity wave activity are compared on a statistical basis. The complete HIRDLS measurement period from January 2005 to March 2008 is covered. The seasonal and latitudinal distributions of gravity wave activity as observed by AIRS and HIRDLS fit well. A strong annual cycle at mid and high latitudes is found in time series of gravity wave variances at 42 km, which has during wintertime its maxima and during summertime its minima. During austral wintertime at 60° S the variability is largest. Variations in the zonal winds at 2.5 hPa are associated with large variability in gravity wave variances. Altogether, gravity wave variances of AIRS and HIRDLS are conform and complementary to each other. Thereby large parts of the gravity wave spectrum are covered by joint observations. This opens up fascinating vistas for future gravity wave research.
An inverse method to relate organic carbon reactivity to isotope
composition from serial oxidation
Authors: Hemingway Jordon D. , Rothman Daniel H. , Rosengard Sarah Z. , Galy Valier V.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Serial oxidation coupled with stable carbon and radiocarbon analysis of sequentially evolved CO2 is a promising method to characterize the relationship between organic carbon (OC) chemical composition, source, and residence time in the environment. However, observed decay profiles depend on experimental conditions and oxidation pathway. It is therefore necessary to properly assess serial oxidation kinetics before utilizing decay profiles as a measure of OC reactivity. We present a regularized inverse method to estimate the distribution of OC activation energy (E), a proxy for bond strength, from ramped temperature pyrolysis/oxidation (RPO). This method directly compares reactivity to isotope composition by determining the E range for OC decaying within each temperature interval over which CO2 is collected. By analyzing a decarbonated test sample at multiple masses and oven ramp rates, we show that OC decay during RPO analysis follows a superposition of parallel first-order kinetics and that resulting E distributions are independent of experimental conditions. We therefore propose the E distribution as a novel proxy to describe OC reactivity and suggest that E vs. isotope relationships can provide new insight into the compositional controls on OC source and residence time. This manuscript is accompanied by an open-source Python package for performing all analyses.