bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Smart Parking Management System
Authors: Ramchandani Rohit , Bansal Anjali
Published: January 2023

With the large increase in population, automated industries and need of vehicles, parking of the vehicles is becoming a critical issue in various cities. Unmanaged parking of vehicles leads to noise pollution, air pollution, traffic congestion. During peak hours, it is difficult task to find vacant parking lot and it becomes the major challenge for driver to park the vehicle. A lot of work is being done in the whole world to manage the efficient parking of vehicles. To give the clear overview about efficient parking system, we go through some existing studies over the period of 2009-2022 which proposed various parking solutions. This survey gives an exhaustive study of available parking solutions and also proposed som
Viewpoint: Why are the current planning application procedures not working in the UK?
Authors: Jolly Colin
Published: January 2023

Colin Jolly gives a personal perspective on perceived failings in the UK planning process, and sets out his recommendations for how these may be addressed.
Technical Guidance Note Level 2 No. 25: Designing for torsion in reinforced concrete elements
Authors: O'Regan Chris
Published: January 2023

Reinforced concrete elements have an inherent resistance to applied torque due to the geometry of their cross-section. Nevertheless, the resulting stress due to applied torque is additive to other actions, such as bending moments, and axial and shear forces. This Technical Guidance Note discusses the impact torsion has on the design and detailing of reinforced concrete elements. It should be read in conjunction with Level 1, No. 21 How to avoid torsion.
Ethnomedicinal Plants for Kidney Disorders in Iraq and Türkiye
Authors: Akbar Mena Nihad , ÖZDEMİR NATH Ebru
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the plant species that are used traditionally as herbal medicines for kidney disorders in both Iraq and Türkiye, as well as to compare their traditional medicine based on the practical use of plants and highlight the same ones. Ethnomedicine is defined as the study or comparison of traditional medicine based on plants` bioactive compounds. Traditional herbal applications for kidney disorders are frequently used among people, as kidneys have a major role in the maintenance of homeostasis of the body, fluid, and electrolyte, and also, have a role to fulfill many metabolic functions. Iraq and Türkiye are homeland for many medicinal plants and it is crucial to understand local medicinal plant uses and their relationship with surrounding areas. To obtain valuable information, approximately 100 ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal articles were scanned. As a result of this study, it has been found that 9 taxa are used for renal disorders in Iraq only while, 30 taxa are used for kidney diseases in Türkiye only, and 5 taxa were found to be effective against renal diseases in both countries. Furthermore, 22 plant families have been recorded in which Apiaceae (4 taxa), Compositae (8 taxa), Malvaceae (3 taxa) and Lamiaceae (3 taxa) were the most used ones. The fact that the same plant species are used for the same disease in both countries will give us an idea about the development of herbal medicine with these plant species in the future.
Formulation, development and characterization of ibuprofen microemulgel for arthritis
Authors: Bhatti M. Hammad Tariq , Sohail Sarim , Aslam M Usama , Ather Hana , Hussain Talib , Muhammad Kashif
Published: January 2023

Objective: Microemulgel is composed of aqueous phase, lipophilic phase, along with surfactant and co-surfactant, a suitable gelling agent is also incorporated. The drug Ibuprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Its oral administration associated with many GIT, hepatic and renal problems. The main objective of the study was to formulate a stable topical microemulgel of ibuprofen in order to achieve the highest bioavailability with least side effects. Method: Pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed in order to get the suitable concentrations of lipophilic phase, surfactant and co-surfactant. Phase titration method was used to prepare microemulsion, with surfactant and co-surfactant in a ratio of 2:1 respectively, along with gelling agent to form microemulgel. Formulations were evaluated to check appearance, pH, flowability, particle size, drug content, spreadability, drug release and skin irritation. Results: The globule size of microemulsion was 400 nm and zeta potential was -14 mV showing acceptable stability. Formulated emulgel showed good physical characteristics, suitable pH of 6.4 for skin. The drug content was 98.474%. The stability study showed that the ibuprofen was stable in phosphate buffer pH of 6.8. The carbopol 940 as a gelling agent showed high release rate values. The release rate of the optimized formulation, F1 was 94% and it followed Korsmeyer Peppas model (n=0.467). Conclusion: The prepared formulation was cost-effective because of promising highest bioavailability. The results suggest the potential use of developed microemulgel is mainly for topical delivery of ibuprofen, ensuring the safe use.
INFLUENCE OF EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION METHODS ON THE ABILITY TO READING COMPREHENSION GRADE V
Authors: Febrina Kiki
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the ability to read comprehension before and after by applying the Explicit Instruction Method. This type of research is a Pre-Experiment type of Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, which is an experiment carried out on only one group, without any comparison. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 006 Baturijal Barat class V which totaled 24 students. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the average test score of learning outcomes before treatment (pretest) was 49.58 while the average test score of learning outcomes after treatment (posttest) was 73.33 and the average gain value was 0.48 which is a moderate interpretation, as well as hypothesis test results using a t-test with t-test with tcount = 15.117 and ttable = 1.714 then it was concluded tcount > ttable, then reject Ho means significant. This means that there is an influence on the ability to read comprehension of grade V students of SD Negeri 006 Baturijal Barat between before (pretest) and after (posttest) by applying the Explicit Instruction Method. This shows that the Explicit Instruction Method affects the reading comprehension ability of grade V students of SD Negeri 006 Baturijal Barat.
REVIEW OF HUMAN NATURE (PRAKR̥TI), FINGERPRINT PATTERNS AND THEIR POSSIBLE RELATION
Authors: S Patel Dr Karuna , S Sagare Dr Sandeep
Published: January 2023

Ayurveda seems to be the only science that outlines the concepts of both preventive and curative treatment. Premised on the idea of Prakr̥ti, each principle, alike Preventive and Curative has been further individually tailored. Upon this basis of Prakr̥ti, the entire population may be divided into several groups although every individual is unique. Prakr̥ti being subjective, assessment will be affected by the imprecise answers by the subjects, thus its need of the hour to discover objective parameter for the assessment of Prakr̥ti. As fingerprints has similar features as the concept of Prakr̥ti in Ayurveda, and no study has been conducted where the assessment of Prakr̥ti is done by using Fingerprint patterns, here Prakr̥ti and fingerprints were reviewed to arrive at a conclusion. Objectives: Fingerprints might give an Ayurvedic approach to the Prakriti, according to this review. As we can identify Prakr̥ti based on Physical, Mental, Psychological factors, similarly to fingerprints, Perhaps there could be a favorable correlation between Ayurveda’s Prakriti and fingerprint patterns of current science. Materials and methods: The data was collected from various Ayurvedic classical treatises, astrological texts, PUBMED and Scopus indexed articles, previous studies conducted related to Prakr̥ti, dactylography, DMIT (Dactylography Multiple Intelligence Test) etc. Conclusion: As features of Prakr̥ti and Fingerprints are similar in many factors, here the review is done on both Prakr̥ti and fingerprints, and the probable correlation done between them, so that the study can be done on assessing of the Prakr̥ti based on the fingerprints.
JATAKARMOTTAR SAMSKARAS WITH THEIR SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP ACCORDING TO KASHYAPA: REVIEW
Authors: Dhangar Dr Dipak , K. S Dr Shravani
Published: January 2023

Kashyapa Samhita is first most important ancient literature related to kaumarabhritya (Pediatrics) which only explained pediatric age from garbha sthapana (from intrauterine life). Kashyapa had given first place to kaumarabhitya among ashtanga ayurveda. Kashyapa explained various samskaras (cultural activities) under jatakarmottara samskaras like surya-chandra darshana, nishkramana samskara, upaveshana, phalaprashana & annaprashana which have to be done throughout pediatric age group. These samsakaras not only having sociocultural importance but also having scientific medical importance. So in modern era one should understand the medical importance of these samskaras to be followed.
VEDANADHYAYA - A REVIEW
Authors: Kuchanur Dr. Pooja.Nagappa. , J. N Dr. Shantlaxmi. , Dr.Suryanarayana M  , Dr.Radhika I
Published: January 2023

Ayurveda is systematically divided into 8 clinical branches with clinical practice oriented. One among is Kaumarabhritya, dealing with Kumarabharana, Dhatriksheeradosha Samshodhana, Vyadhi upashamana. we do find the references of Kaumarabhritya since from vedic period in traces forms like, in rigveda explains the ANC and PNC of birds and animals. Atharvaveda explains rakshognakarma and medhya drugs, upanishad has references related to child birth1 . In samhita kala full-fledged development of kaumarabhritya with a wide illustration are found in brihatrayee, laghutrayee and harita samhita. But most authorities book was found as kashyapa samhita, exclusively dealing with the care, cure of children. kashyapa has contributed much in this branch. Vedanaadhyaya is the special contribution which includes the signs and symptomatology in children on the basis of peculiar behaviors.
ética y los medios de comunicación
Authors: Ackerley María Isabel
Published: January 2023

El estudio comparativo de la Ley de Prensa de Brasil y la ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual de Argentina es el análisis empírico de la construcción de un paradigma en la teoría de la comunicación basado en el estudio de la filosofía de G. W. Leibniz, tomando como pilares la filosofía y teoría de la comunicación de Jürgen Habermas y las ideas de complejidad y paradigma de Edgar Morin.
estructuras lógicas fundamentales y su representación en el encéfalo humano
Authors: Blanco Méndez Rafael
Published: January 2023

Las estructuras fundamentales del pensamiento lógico humano guardan una estrecha relación con determinadas regiones neurológicas del cerebro y de otras partes del encéfalo humano (e incluso animal, según algunas investigaciones). El presente artículo trata de explorar la posibilidad de atribuir el procesamiento de determinadas estructuras lógico-lingüísticas de la actividad cognoscitiva humana, partiendo de ciertos datos empíricos y argumentaciones teóricas provenientes de distintos campos científicos y filosóficos. Partiendo de la base de la analogía establecida entre partículas lingüísticas y lógicas, así como entre pensamiento y lenguaje, además de los resultados hallados en la investigación acerca de los trastornos del lenguaje por lesión cerebral (afasias) se proponen unas hipótesis de localización de las estructuras lógicas fundamentales (clases vs. functores) en determinados circuitos neurológicos presentes en el encéfalo humano, así como en otras áreas relacionadas con las funciones lingüísticas, ejecutivas y sensorio-motrices, fundamentalmente.
Rethorum itinera: écfrasis
Authors: Mesa Sanz Juan Francisco
Published: January 2023

El artículo define el término retórico écfrasis, desde su origen en la descripción del escudo de Aquiles realizado por Homero en la Ilíada hasta su utilización en la actualidad. Trata de revelar los aspectos formales constitutivos de una écfrasis, los marcadores ecfrásticos, proponiendo como ejemplo la descripción del escudo de Eneas en Eneida de Virgilio.
Prevalence and contributing factors of malnutrition among children aged 6 to 24 months attending well-baby clinic at Mbagathi District Hospital, Nairobi. Self perceived body weight status among healthcare workers in Kisumu, Kenya.
Authors:   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Shitemi Catherine , Kyallo Florence ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kombe Yeri ,   Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenyatta National Hospital
Published: January 2023

Despite the generally observed declining levels of malnutrition globally, it remains a challenge in developing countries of Sub-Sahara Africa where estimated 45% of children below five years are stunted. In Kenya, levels of stunting have declined from 35% in 2009 to 26% in 2014 (GOK, 2014).This follows the implementation of multiple initiatives by the Kenya Government as envisaged in the Vison 2030, embedded in the Kenya constitution 2010 and spelled out in the National Nutrition Action Plan 2012-2017 adapted to scale up high impact nutrition initiatives and provides a framework for operationalization of feasible and cost effective interventions to curb malnutrition in children below five years. However, there still exist large disparity on the prevalence of malnutrition with less developed counties and most populace areas still positing high prevalence rates. Previous studies have shown increased rates of malnutrition in the informal settlements. Nairobi where the study is focused has over 60% of the population residing in the informal settlements with limited resources. Mbagathi Hospital draws most of the clientele from the neighboring informal settlement of Kibera, Dagoretti and Embakasi and therefore an ideal place to undertake the study to assess the prevalence of malnutrition, identify associated factors with an aim of expanding the understanding and recommend potential interventions. A total of 300 mother/guardian and child pairs were enrolled in the study. Height and weight measurements were taken for every child and socio-demographic data obtained from mothers/guardians using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires. Anthropometric data was analyzed using WHO Anthro2006 software and socio-demographic data using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version.20. The prevalence of wasting (WHZ <-2SD) was 15.3%, underweight (WAZ <-2SD) was 22.0% and stunting (HAZ <-2SD) was 14.3%. Prevalence of underweight was significantly higher among boys (28.1%) than girls (15.6%) (χ2 8.056, p=0.018). Low birth weight, child illness two weeks to study and mothers’ perception of child health status were significant predictors of malnutrition (p=<0.05). In addition, poor maternal education and family income ≤Ksh. 20,000 were strongly associated with high rates of malnutrition (p<0.000). Emphasis on maternal education and nutritional interventions targeting children attending Well- Baby Clinics would have significant impact on malnutrition among the study population.
Analysis of Some Brands of Detergent Sold in Sokoto
Authors: Bello, S.  , Yusuf, A.J.  , Mshellia, H. E.  , Lawwali, H.
Published: January 2023

Detergent is commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions. Detergent work because they are amphiphilic- partly hydrophilic (polar) and partly hydrophobic (non- polar). Qualitative determination of Surfactant, Sulphur, Phosphorus and Nitrogen (as cyanide) were carried out with Quantitative analysis for Sulphate, Foamabilityand Total alkalinity. All the samples were found to be anionic detergents, Sulphur, Phosphorus were present in all the samples but Nitrogen was not detected. The percentage alkalinity for samples A- E were; 32.40, 72.08, 37.52, 46.60 and 55.50 respectively as carbonate with 4.8, 5.6, 6.9, 4.4 and 1.8 % as Hydroxide. Similarly, heights (cm) of foam formed for samples A-E were 440, 430, 410, 450 and 450. The percentage concentrations of Sulphate were 97.5, 27.5, 43.5, 42.0 and 52.0. Therefore, Sample B is good for hard-water washing, C is good for fabrics, D is good for stain removal and A,E samples are good for utensils and washing machine.
An Interval Type-2 Maximum Likelihood Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Montel Ben-Hur Matthews Moreno , Serra Ginalber Luiz de Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta a proposta de um algoritmo para agrupamento nebuloso baseada no processamento de máxima verossimilhança sobre o fluxo de dados. A metodologia adotada consiste em eliminar problemas de inicialização e iderteminações matemáticas (convergência), relativas à implementação computacional, via análise da norma de distância entre as amostras dos dados e os centros dos agrupamentos, bem como no uso de sistemas nebulosos tipo-2 intervalares para a criação de protótipos realísticos aos agrupamentos. Resultados relacionados ao arupamento de dados benchmark e análise da velocidade de convergência ilustram a eficiência da metodologia proposta em comparação a outros algoritmos de agrupamento apresentados na literatura.
K-Nearest Neighbors based on the Nk Interaction Graph
Authors: Castro Gustavo F. C. de , Tinós Renato
Published: January 2023

The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) is a simple and intuitive nonparametric classification algorithm. In KNN, the K nearest neighbors are determined according to the distance to the example to be classified. Generally, the Euclidean distance is used, which facilitates the formation of hyper-ellipsoid clusters. In this work, we propose using the Nk interaction graph to return the K-nearest neighbors in KNN. The Nk interaction graph, originally used in clustering, is built based on the distance between examples and spatial density in small groups formed by k examples of the training dataset. By using the distance combined with the spatial density, it is possible to form clusters with arbitrary shapes. We propose two variations of the KNN based on the Nk interaction graph. They differ in the way in which the vertices associated with the N examples of the training dataset are visited. The two proposed algorithms are compared to the original KNN in experiments with datasets with different properties.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Zumpichiatti Débora , Gomide Janaína
Published: January 2023

O aumento da complexidade dos sistemas mecânicos muda drasticamente os métodos usados para monitorar e analisar como esses sistemas envelhecem. O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar a previsão do tempo de vida útil restante de equipamentos utilizando uma abordagem de prognóstico baseada em dados e algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina. O conjunto de dados utilizado apresenta dados de temperatura e vibração de testes até a falha de rolamentos. A metodologia proposta foi avaliada e constatou-se a importância de uma fase de tratamento de dados robusta. Os resultados obtidos para conjuntos de dados julgados como apropriados pela metodologia apresentaram resultados similares ou superiores aos trabalhos relacionados.
Esperanto and the Web: approaches and approximations
Authors: Barbosa Cinthyan Renata Sachs C. de , Coelho Neto João , Manfio Edio Roberto
Published: January 2023

Este artigo visa analisar a aproximação do Esperanto no que tange ao Processamento da Língua, na tentativa de especificar sua gramática, por meio da Gramática Livre de Contexto Lexicalizada, capaz de tratar questões linguísticas da referida língua. O método utilizado foi o bibliográfico, identificando que a Língua Esperanto também pode alcançar êxito para a comunicação, em especial na Web, pois milhões de pessoas têm acesso à rede. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os estudos realizados para a compreensão da Língua Esperanto, reunindo detalhes importantes de sua estrutura gramatical usadas na implementação de um Processador de Língua Planificada.
Application of Learned OWA Operators in Pooling and Channel Aggregation Layers in Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Miranda Leonam R. S. , Guimarães Frederico G.
Published: January 2023

Promising results have been obtained in recent years when using OWA operators to aggregate data within CNNs pool layers, training their weights, instead of using the more usual operators (max and mean). OWA operators were also used to learn channel wise information from a certain layer, and the newly generated information is used to complement the input data for the following layer. The purpose of this article is to analyze and combine the two mentioned ideas. In addition to using the channel wise information generated by trainable OWA operators to complement the input data, replacement will also be analyzed. Several tests have been done to evaluate the performance change when applying OWA operators to classify images using VGG13 model.
Aspects of a learned model to predict the quality of life of university students in Brazil
Authors: Lopes Pedro Francis , Santos Junior Amilton , Azevedo Renata Cruz Soares de , Dalgalarrondo Paulo , Fioravanti Andre Ricardo
Published: January 2023

Quality of life is an essential metric for evaluating the well-being of students. This work investigates the viability of a model to predict a WHOQoL-Bref answer based on other answers and the overall domain and average scores. For that, we use data from an extensive pooling done with undergraduate students in Brazil (UNICAMP), gathered between 2017 and 2018. We also discuss model types and hyperparameter effects on model evaluation metrics. Finally, we conclude that it is possible to create a model to predict the esteem question - which is the most correlated with the average domain score with the data sample available.
Spatial Distribution Analysis of Images in GAN Training with Small Datasets
Authors: Buzuti Lucas F. , Heiderich Tatiany M. , Thomaz Carlos E.
Published: January 2023

Redes Adversárias Generativas (GANs) estão sendo cada vez mais usadas para gerar artificialmente vários tipos de dados. O treinamento dessas redes requer um conjunto de dados suficientemente grande e se torna um desafio com pequenos conjuntos. Trabalhos recentes propuseram novas abordagens para o treinamento de GANs com poucas amostras. Este trabalho analisa a distribuição espacial dos dados reais e sintéticos desses conjuntos, construindo subespaços de forma aleatória e variando o nível de espalhamento. Para variar o nível de espalhamento, este trabalho propõe o algoritmo k-Amostras Esparsas. Os resultados mostraram que pequenos conjuntos com uma distribuição espacial mais espalhada tendem a gerar dados com mais diversidade.
Previsão do tempo de evacuação e recomendação de estratégias de resgate em cenários de evacuação horizontal com evacuadores enfraquecidos
Authors: Ferro Junior Raimundo Juracy Campos , Campos Gustavo Augusto Lima de
Published: January 2023

Um dos desafios no contexto do estudo de processos de evacuação e situações de resgate é a falta de estudos e ferramentas que contemplem evacuantes dependentes ou a possibilidade de simular diferentes estratégias de resgate. Este trabalho visa preencher essa lacuna. Propondo uma arquitetura baseada em agentes que pode produzir dados, treinar algoritmos de regressão para fazer previsões sobre cenários de evacuação horizontal com evacuantes dependentes e propor estratégias de resgate. Os algoritmos de árvore de decisão e rede perceptron multicamadas apresentaram o melhor resultado para a regressão do tempo de evacuação e o modelo de floresta-aleatória conseguiu atingir uma acurácia de 92% ao classificar os cenários com base na estratégia mais adequada para a equipe de resgate.
Using automatic planning to find the most probable alignment: A history-based approach
Authors: Almeida Matheus P. , Delgado Karina V. , Peres Sarajane M. , Fantinato Marcelo
Published: January 2023

In many organizational contexts, the existence of a normative process model makes it possible to verify if the actual execution of activities of a business process conforms to that model. Non-conforming behavior can be detected by aligning the actions recorded in the event log with a related normative process model. The alignment approach uses a cost-function to build an execution path that shows which actions do not conform to the model, and which are the expected activities for that trace. In this paper, we are interested on finding the optimal probable alignment using a history-base cost-function, i.e. a function based on the process execution history. For that, we use as a base implementation the planning-based approach, previously proposed in the literature, which demonstrates to find large processes faster when compared to A* for standard cost-functions. We incorporate in this tool the automatic generation of an history-base cost-function to find an optimal probable alignment. In addition, we evaluated our approach using data from both synthetic event logs and a real-life event log.
On the performance of uncertainty estimation methods for deep-learning based image classification models
Authors: Cattelan Luís Felipe P. , Silva Danilo
Published: January 2023

Previous works have shown that modern neural networks tend to be overconfident; thus, for deep learning models to be trusted and adopted in critical applications, reliable uncertainty estimation (UE) is essential. However, many questions are still open regarding how to fairly compare UE methods. This work focuses on the task of selective classification and proposes a methodology where the predictions of the underlying model are kept fixed and only the UE method is allowed to vary. Experiments are performed for convolutional neural networks using Deep Ensembles and Monte Carlo Dropout. Surprisingly, our results show that the conventional softmax response can outperform most other UE methods for a large part of the risk-coverage curve.
Chatbots Generativos como Ferramentas de Apoio ao Ensino em Cursos na Área de Ferrovias
Authors: Lopes Eduardo dos Santos , Oliveira Hilário Tomaz Alves de , Gazolli Kelly Assis de Souza
Published: January 2023

Chatbots são sistemas de conversação capazes de simular interações utilizando linguagem natural. Essa tecnologia permite a interação com os usuários de forma rápida, e seu uso como ferramenta de apoio ao ensino oferece aos estudantes uma nova forma de acesso ao conteúdo. Este trabalho apresenta uma base de dados de domínio específico, bem como sua utilização na construção de um chatbot generativo para auxiliar alunos na área de Ferrovias. Para isso, foram utilizadas as redes neurais BiLSTM e GRU, ambas em uma arquitetura do tipo codificador-decodificador com mecanismo de atenção. Os experimentos realizados demonstraram que a arquitetura usando GRUs obteve melhor desempenho com base nas medidas de avaliação do BLEU e ROUGE-L.
Applying Feature Selection Combination in Audios of Whale for Improving Classification
Authors: Barreto Cephas A. S. , Targino Victor V. , Alves Tales V. de M. , Bazante Lucas V. , Oliveira Rafael V. R. de , A. Junior Ricardo A. R. do , Xavier-Júnior João C. , Canuto Anne Magály de P.
Published: January 2023

Audio signal processing has been under investigation for the last decades. The majority of the works found in literature focus on signal analysis and classification. Most of them integrate Machine Learning (ML) algorithms with the audio signal processing techniques. As the performance of any ML algorithm depends on the features of a dataset used for training and testing purposes, using a dataset derived from the extraction of features from an audio is not trivial due to the fact that the correct combination of extraction techniques with the selection of the most relevant attributes needs to take place. In this sense, this paper proposes an empirical analysis on different audio extraction techniques combined with feature selection for improving Whale audio classification. Usually, the application of audio extraction techniques results in poor classification performance. However, the combination of feature selection can achieve better results. The experimental results have been promising, indicating that the idea of combining different audio extraction techniques with feature selection can improve the performance of ML classification algorithms over whales’ audios by 22 percentage points.
Nachhaltiger Lebensmittelkonsum. Eine Frage sozialer Differenzierung?
Authors: Trübner Miriam , Nisic Natascha , Dunker Alicia , Kley Stefanie
Published: January 2023

Nachhaltiger Lebensmittelkonsum stellt ein Kernelement bei der Bewältigung der Klimakrise dar; entsprechend geht mit der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsbewegung ein breites Angebot und eine steigende Nachfrage nach Bio- und Fair-Trade-Produkten einher. Soziologisch stellt sich die zentrale Frage, ob es sich bei diesen Entwicklungen um die Diffusion neuer nachhaltiger Konsummuster in breiten Bevölkerungsschichten handelt oder ob sie unterschiedliche lebensstilbezogene Konsumtrends widerspiegeln, die entlang sozialer Differenzierungslinien verlaufen. Dem Konzept Bourdieus folgend, konstruieren wir einen sozialen Raum der nachhaltigen Ernährung mittels der Multiplen Korrespondenzanalyse (MCA) aufbauend auf einer Umfrage zum Ernährungs- und Konsumverhalten, die 2018 in Hamburg durchgeführt wurde. Basierend auf 1153 befragten Personen und deren Angaben zu Einkaufs- und Ernährungspraktiken sowie Einstellungen zur Nachhaltigkeit, bzw. zum nachhaltigem Lebensmitteleinkauf und deren soziodemografischen Merkmalen, ergibt sich eine soziale Landschaft des nachhaltigen Lebensmittelkonsums, die aufzeigt in welchen Bevölkerungsgruppen, welche Aspekte der ökologischen und sozial-ökonomischen Nachhaltigkeit verbreitet bzw. wenig verbreitet sind. Dieser Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass ein nachhaltigkeitsbewusstes, mit explizit ökologischen und sozial-ökonomischen Motiven und Einstellungen verknüpftes Ernährungsverhalten nach wie vor insbesondere durch Bildung und Beruf differenziert wird, während das Einkommen nur in den extremen Endpunkten als Differenzierungsmerkmal eine Rolle spielt. Allerdings findet sich auch eine eigene, besonders nachhaltig handelnde und eingestellte Bevölkerungsgruppe, die weder durch horizontale noch durch vertikale Schichtungsvariablen charakterisiert ist.
Der absolute Anwendungsvorrang des Unionsrechts als Garantie der Gleichheit der Mitgliedstaaten in der Europäischen Union?
Authors: Preßlein David
Published: January 2023

Die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Unionsrecht und nationalem Verfassungsrecht ist beinahe so alt wie der europäische Integrationsprozess selbst und harrt noch immer einer endgültigen Klärung. In Reaktion auf zunehmend unionsrechtskritische Urteile nationaler Verfassungsgerichte hat der EuGH in der Diskussion nun eine neue Perspektive eingenommen und begründet einen absoluten Anwendungsvorrang mithilfe der Gleichheit der Mitgliedstaaten vor den Verträgen. Der Beitrag vollzieht diese Argumentation nach und zeigt deren Schwächen auf. Er entnimmt der Garantie der Staatengleichheit eine Befürwortung nationaler Kontrollvorbehalte, hegt diese aber weiter unionsrechtlich ein. So plädiert er für mehr rechtsvergleichenden justiziellen Dialog im europäischen Verfassungsgerichtsverbund.
Gesundheitsdienstleistungen im Binnenmarkt. Grundstrukturen und neue Entwicklungen
Authors: Weilert A. Katarina
Published: January 2023

Der Beitrag behandelt die Gesundheitsdienstleistungen im europäischen Binnenmarkt, die sich auf die voneinander verschiedenen Systeme des koordinierenden Sozialrechts einerseits und des Wirtschaftsrechts in Form der Dienstleistungsfreiheit bzw. der Patientenrechterichtlinie andererseits stützen. Die nach den beiden Systemen bestehenden Ansprüche werden unter Einbezug aktueller Rspr. dargestellt und einem systematischen Vergleich zugeführt. Im Hinblick auf den von beiden Systemen erfassten Bereich der geplanten ärztlichen Behandlung wird trotz zu konstatierender fehlender Transparenz und Rechtsklarheit dafür plädiert, diesen an sich systematisch der Dienstleistungsfreiheit zugehörigen Bereich nicht allein durch letztere abzudecken, da die Übernahme der Differenzkosten, die nach der sozialrechtlichen Koordinationsverordnung möglich ist, im Rahmen der Dienstleistungsfreiheit systemfremd wäre.
Ein neues Europäisches Asylsystem: mehr Effizienz und Solidarität. Analyse des Asylpakets 2020 der EU-Kommission und Entwicklung eines eigenen Reform-Vorschlags
Authors: Häberle Lothar
Published: January 2023

Aufgrund der systemischen Fehler von „Dublin III“, deutlich geworden in der Flüchtlingskrise 2015/16, hat die Kommission 2020 Reformen vorgeschlagen. In diesem Beitrag werden deren Stärken analysiert wie auch deren Schwächen (Kompliziertheit, fehlkonstruierte Solidaritätsbeiträge), die zur politischen Ablehnung im Rat zu führen drohen. Es wird ein eigener Reform-Vorschlag entwickelt, der diese Schwächen beseitigt und größere politische Chancen im Rat haben dürfte.
Horizontale Unionsaufsicht und vertikale Werteentwicklung zum Schutz der unionalen Verfassungsidentität – Anmerkung zu den Urteilen des EuGH v. 16.2.2022, Rs. C-156/21 (Ungarn/Parlament und Rat) und C-157/21 (Polen/Parlament und Rat)
Authors: Weber Ferdinand
Published: January 2023

Die Entscheidungen machen den Weg für die Anwendung der Rechtsstaatskonditionalität frei und geben der Kommission durch die breite Auseinandersetzung mit den Einwänden Ungarns und Polens praktische Leitlinien an die Hand. Im horizontalen Schutzmechanismus ist die Kommission Ermittlungs-, der Rat Entscheidungsinstanz über den Einsatz des politisch scharfen Schwerts der Mittelkürzung. Die Urteile enthalten für das Verhältnis von Union und Mitgliedstaaten aber noch mehr, Grundsätzliches. Sie lichten den konstitutionellen Nebel um die Werteklausel durch konkrete dogmatische Festlegungen. Die Werte aus Artikel 2 EUV definieren nach der Auffassung des Plenums den materiellen Kern der unionalen Verfassungsidentität und werden dogmatisch über Grundsätze, die der Gerichtshof in anderen Normen des Primärrechts vorfindet und an sie rückbindet, operationalisierbar. Der Kreis schließt sich: Kommission und Rat gehen horizontal werteschützend für die Unionsrechtsordnung vor, der EuGH definiert sie vertikal abschließend.
Litauens Ethikkommission als Datenschutzverletzerin: Nordische Transparenz und europarechtlicher Datenschutz – Anmerkung zum Urteil des EuGH v. 1.8.2022, Rs. C-184/20 (Vyriausioji tarnybinės etikos komisija)
Authors: Gerhold Maximilian , Lauenstein Jytte
Published: January 2023

Dass der Informationszugang mit dem Datenschutz kollidieren kann, ist eine Binsenweisheit. Die einzelnen Rechtsordnungen sehen hierfür Abwägungsdirektiven vor. Im Mehrebenensystem liegt die Herausforderung für den EuGH darin, eine gewisse Zurückhaltung gegenüber mitgliedstaatlichen Verfassungsentscheidungen und Traditionen zu zeigen – nicht anders als etwa bei der Kollision von Medienfreiheit und Datenschutz. Die hier besprochene Entscheidung in der Rs. Vyriausioji tarnybinės etikos komisija ist für eine solche Zurückhaltung kein gelungenes Beispiel. Zugrunde lag der Entscheidung eine litauische Regelung, nach der auf der Website der Obersten Ethikkommission Daten (auch) über die Leiter von mit öffentlichen Geldern finanzierten Einrichtungen sowie deren Ehegatten und Lebenspartnern abrufbar waren.
Historians’ Affiliation With the European Integration Process in the 1980s
Authors: LARUFFA Alessandro
Published: January 2023

This article analyses historians’ affiliation with the European integration process in the 1980s through a specific case study, namely the Association of European Historians (AEH). The study considers the AEH’s connections with the European Communities (EC), particularly the European Parliament (EP), and a major conference held in 1983 on the roots, cultures, and ideas of Europe. This contribution first examines the preliminary stages of the AEH within EC institutions’ educational and cultural policies in the early 1980s. Then, the AEH pattern is analysed in the light of the EC’s commitment to European history. The study also compares AEH with other networks of the period, especially the Liaison Committee of European Historians. Finally, it assesses the AEH’s progressive detachment from EC institutions since 1985. The article concludes that the AEH supported the European integration process in the 1980s as a noninstitutionalized actor through, at the minimum, a partial bottom-up process.
The Eurco – An ECU in the making?
Authors: GORDON Bernard
Published: January 2023

The European Investment Bank (EIB) was the first financial institution to test the markets with bonds denominated in ‘Eurcos’, a basket of all European Community currencies, loosely based on Member Countries’ share of GNP, in September 1973 and January 1974. This article aims to throw light on the circumstances of the creation of the Eurco, and establish EIB’s proactive role in promoting a new European monetary unit. The EIB was successful in raising the resources needed to finance its fast expanding lending activity, in a context of monetary instability. However, despite the fact that the Eurco concept was a precursor to the European Currency Unit (ECU) and was promoted by a prominent European institution, Eurco bond issues had limited influence on the course of events that led to the launch of the ECU, in 1979. The Eurco nonetheless helped consolidate EIB’s reputation as a ‘market-maker’ on the international financial markets, and prepared it to play a role in the creation of financial instruments for the promotion of the ECU.
Mediterranean Troubles and European Security: at the Regional Roots of the Barcelona Process
Authors: CRISTIANI Dario
Published: January 2023

28 November 2020 marked 25 years since the European Union (EU) launched the so-called Barcelona Process. What was known as the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) is, to date, the most ambitious attempt launched by the EU to cope with the challenges emanating from its Southern neighbourhood. This article aims to shed light on the Mediterranean dynamics at play in the years before the formal launch of the EMP, and consider them the crucial drivers in pushing the EC/EU to promote a more comprehensive approach to the Mediterranean. Developments in Europe, notably the German reunification, clearly played a significant role in pushing countries such as Spain, France and Italy to promote a more significant European role in the Mediterranean to partially rebalance the impact of a united Germany. However, in this work, it is argued that security problems arising from the Maghreb and a number of structural changes in the Arab Israeli confrontation created the actual momentum for the establishment of the EMP. The primary focus is thus on those regional dynamics that pushed the EU to adopt a new and more comprehensive Mediterranean policy, at least in its intentions.
Post-war Manifestations of Euroscepticism in Germany and the Netherlands, 1950-2021. A Comparative Approach
Authors: HARST Jan VAN DER , VOERMAN Gerrit
Published: January 2023

This contribution addresses post-war manifestations of Euroscepticism in Germany and the Netherlands. The two countries are selected as relevant cases to study in historical-comparative perspective, because of the many similarities as far as European integration policies is concerned, but the different ways in which Euroscepticism took shape in their political arenas. This partly resulted from historical experiences, particularly the processing of the war trauma after 1945, but also because of differences in the political systems and practices of the two countries. The article’s focus is on political parties and their programmes from 1950 till the most recent elections in 2021. Looking at the national party level, the authors observe differences in intensity and duration regarding support of the European Union and its predecessors, with Dutch Eurosceptic parties in a generally more critical role than their German counterparts. In that sense, the recent rise of the German Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) constitutes a trend break in this historical development.
Die Perspektive ehrenamtlicher Helfer*innen bei der Unterstützung von Geflüchteten während der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Lauter Jan , Morschek Lorena , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Nikendei Christoph
Published: January 2023

Der Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie hat mit den verordneten Einschränkungen seit März 2020 zahlreiche ehrenamtliche Tätigkeiten, darunter auch die Flüchtlingshilfe, stark eingeschränkt oder sogar ganz zum Erliegen gebracht. Bislang finden sich allerdings nur wenige Arbeiten darüber, wie umfassend das Ausmaß der Einschränkungen der ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeit in der Flüchtlingsversorgung ausgefallen ist und unter welchen Bedingungen die Unterstützung für Geflüchtete während der pandemiebedingten Einschränkungen weitergeführt werden kann. Bei der hier präsentierten Untersuchung handelt es sich um eine prospektive Querschnittsuntersuchung mittels Fragebogen. Es wurden n=55 aktive ehrenamtliche Helfer*innen für Geflüchtete aus 54 Gemeinden im Rhein-Neckar-Kreis in Baden-Württemberg mit einer Online-Erhebung befragt. Der Fragebogen umfasst deskriptiv geschlossene Fragen und explorativ offene Fragen zu der ehrenamtlichen Arbeit in Zeiten des pandemiebedingten Lockdowns. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es eine deutliche Reduktion der Unterstützung für Geflüchtete von Seiten ehrenamtlicher Helfer*innen gegeben hat, wenngleich ein hohes Maß an Motivation und Eigeninitiative zur Aufrechterhaltung der Hilfeleistungen beigetragen hat.
Der Betriebsrat - eine Einführung
Authors: Janetz Urs Peter
Published: January 2023

Betriebsratsarbeit leicht gemacht
Die Aufgaben des Betriebsrats und seiner Mitglieder ergeben sich vor allem aus dem Betriebsverfassungsgesetz (BetrVG) sowie aus zahlreichen anderen Gesetzen (z.B. dem Arbeitsschutzgesetz, dem Arbeitssicherheitsgesetz, dem Kündigungsschutzgesetz usw.).

Die Arbeit der Interessenvertretung wird immer komplexer, die Anforderungen an eine zuverlässige Vertretung immer höher. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass die Mitarbeitervertreter ihre Rechte im Interesse der Beschäftigten voll ausschöpfen. Das setzt entsprechende Kenntnisse voraus. Dies gilt umso mehr, als das Betriebsrätemodernisierungsgesetz wesentliche Änderungen des BetrVG mit sich brachte. Neben einem neuen Mitbestimmungsrecht zur mobilen Arbeit und bei der Einführung Künstlicher Intelligenz können Betriebsratssitzung und Beschlussfassung per Telefon- oder Videokonferenz durchgeführt werden.

Der Aufbau des Buches und die übersichtliche Gestaltung der einzelnen Kapitel ermöglichen einen schnellen, leicht verständlichen Einstieg in das jeweilige Themengebiet. Der Leitfaden beleuchtet die verschiedenen Grundlagen, Tätigkeitsfelder und Fallstricke der Betriebsratsarbeit und nimmt auf einschlägige Rechtsprechung Bezug.
Grundlagen der Waffen- und Munitionstechnik
Authors: Enke Thomas
Published: January 2023

Waffentechnik: Grundlagen für Aus- und Weiterbildung

In kurzen Kapiteln bietet Grundlagen der Waffen- und Munitionstechnik einen Einblick in Historie, Gegenwart und derzeitige Entwicklung der Waffentechnik. Enthalten sind sowohl die Grundzüge der Ballistik als auch Beschreibungen der gängigen Waffen- und Munitionsgattungen.

Das Fachbuch Grundlagen der Waffen- und Munitionstechnik unterstützt in der militärfachlichen Ausbildung in der Bundeswehr und in Polizeieinheiten. Das Nachschlagewerk bietet aber auch dem interessierten Kenner einmalige Einblicke.

Aus dem Inhalt:

Ballistik

Explosionsstoffe

Rohrwaffen

Lafetten und Anbauteile

Begriffsbestimmungen bei Waffen

Rohrwaffengebundene Munition

Nicht-Rohrwaffengebundene Munition

Flugkörper

Luftwaffen- und Marineeigentümliche Munition
Evidence a svazky Státní bezpečnosti v polistopadové politice
Authors: Prokop Tomek
Published: January 2023

Prior to the Velvet Revolution of November 1989, the State Security Service (StB) was surrounded by secrecy. This soon produced a vivid sense of threat posed by the potential active influence of the “old apparatchiks” on post-November politics as well as by the vulnerability of former secret collaborators, who had assumed new roles in the new times, to blackmail. For society at large, the problem of secret collaboration has always been a sensitive matter. Reactions to records that are more than thirty years old are still surprisingly strong today. This paper attempts to describe the milestones in dealing with the StB’s legacy, including the first ad hoc screenings (lustration), the non-transparent processing of partial data from records and files, the role of the newly emerging democratic security apparatus, the adoption of the Lustration Law and the developments leading up to the present. The handling of this legacy has been characterized by a great deal of incompetence, improvisation, confusion and uncertainty. The elimination of secret collaborators of the StB from post-1989 politics was intended to put the country on a new footing. Scandalous revelations, public ostracism, media leaks of lists of agents, lustration disputes and the gradual opening of archives became part of political and public life. The recent period is still viewed as sensitive and thus difficult to map, not least because of the relative inaccessibility of archival material.
Mettre un terme
Authors: Faerber Johan
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Lionel Ruffel, Le Dénouement, Lagrasse : Verdier, coll. « Chaoïd », 2005, 112 p., EAN 97828643245260.
Surprises de Proust
Authors: Lavault Maya
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Marcel Proust. Surprises de la Recherche, Textes réunis par Raymonde Coudert et Guillaume Perrier, Textuel (Revue de l’UFR « Science des Textes et Documents »,Université Paris 7 – Denis Diderot), n°45, Novembre 2004, 253 p. ISBN 2-7442-0115-4.
Le rêve et la formule: de l'éclair de génie au bon à tirer, l'analyse génétique
Authors: Escola Marc
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Pierre-Marc de Biasi, La Génétique des textes, Paris, Nathan Université, coll. " 128 ", 2000. 128 p. EAN 13 : 209191061.
La première poétique française
Authors: Ternaux J.-C.
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : G. Castor, La Poétique de la Pléiade, Etude sur la pensée et la terminologie du XVIe siècle, Traduit de l'anglais par Y. Bellenger, Paris, Champion, Bibliothèque littéraire de la Renaissance, série 3, tome XXXVIII,1998.
Roman de la philosophie, philosophie du roman
Authors: Foutrier Pascale
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : B.-H. Lévy, Le Siècle de Sartre, Grasset, Paris, 2000, 663 p. EAN 13 : 9782246592211
La généricité restreinte
Authors: Macé Marielle
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Enjeux des genres dans les écritures contemporaines, R. Dion (dir.), F. Fortier et E. Haghebaert, Québec, Éditions Nota bene (coll. Cahiers du Centre de Recherche en Littérature Québécoise, n° 27), 2001, EAN 13 : 2895180660.
Pour une poétique des textes en mouvement
Authors: Sultan Patrick
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Tiphaine Samoyault, L'Intertextualité. Mémoire de la littérature, Paris : Nathan, Coll. 128, 2001, 128 p. ISBN 2091911259.
Soi-même comme témoin
Authors: Jeannelle Jean-Louis
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Se raconter, témoigner, sous la direction de Carole Dornier, Elseneur, n° 7, septembre 2001, 254 p.
Le corps comique
Authors: Cristini Corinne
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Olivier Mongin, Éclats de rire, variations sur le corps comique, Paris : Le Seuil, coll. « La Couleur des Idées », 2002, 344 p., ISBN 202051700023.
Écrans noirs
Authors: Pommier Maud
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Denis Mellier, Les Écrans meurtriers. Essais sur les scènes spéculaires du thriller, Liège, Editions du Céfal, Essai Critique, coll. « Travaux et Thèses », 2002, 314 p., EAN 2871300976.
Mme de Sévigné est‑elle « l’auteur » de sa correspondance ?
Authors: Escola Marc
Published: January 2023

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Fritz Nies, Les Lettres de Mme de Sévigné. Conventions du genre et sociologie des publics, traduit de l’allemand par M. Creff, Préface de B. Bray, Paris, H. Champion, 2001, 456 p., EAN 9782745304209.