bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high angular resolution view of the PAH emission in Seyfert galaxies using JWST/MRS data
Authors: García-Bernete I. , Rigopoulou D. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Donnan F. R. , Roche P. F. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Labiano A. , Peralta de Arriba L. , Izumi T. , Ramos Almeida C. , Shimizu T. , Hönig S. , García-Burillo S. , Rosario D. J. , Ward M. J. , Bellocchi E. , Hicks E. K. S. , Fuller L. , Packham C.
Published: September 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carbon-based molecules that are ubiquitous in a variety of astrophysical objects and environments. In this work we use JWST/MIRI MRS spectroscopy of three Seyferts to compare their nuclear PAH emission with that of star-forming (SF) regions. This study represents the first of its kind to use sub-arcsecond angular resolution data of local luminous Seyferts (Lbol >  1044.46 erg s−1) with a wide wavelength coverage (4.9–28.1 μm). We present an analysis of their nuclear PAH properties by comparing the observed ratios with PAH diagnostic model grids derived from theoretical spectra. Our results show that a suite of PAH features is present in the innermost parts of luminous Seyfert galaxies (∼0.45″ at 12 μm; in the inner ∼142–245 pc). We find that the nuclear regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lie at different positions of the PAH diagnostic diagrams, whereas the SF regions are concentrated around the average values of SF galaxies. In particular, we find that the nuclear PAH emission mainly originates in neutral PAHs. In contrast, PAH emission originating in the SF regions favours ionised PAH grains. The observed PAH ratios in the nuclear region of the AGN-dominated galaxy NGC 6552 indicate the presence of larger PAH molecules compared with those of the SF regions. Therefore, our results provide evidence that the AGN have a significant impact on the ionisation state (and probably the size) of the PAH grains on scales of ∼142–245 pc.
Sources d'information et savoir en interaction en italien parlé : le cas des catégorisations incrémentales
Authors: Battaglia Elena
Published: September 2022

Cette contribution porte sur des aspects séquentiels de l'évidentialité en interaction. A travers l'observation qualitative des données d'un corpus d'italien parlé, nous documentons des cas où la catégorisation de la source d'information - par exemple, perception directe, inférence, rumeur, discours d'autrui - par des moyens linguistiques se lie à la progression temporelle des tours et des séquences. L'émergence de l'évidentialité au niveau de la construction du tour de parole dans des incréments, des parenthèses et des autoréparations se corrèle avec des positions séquentielles à l'intérieur de paires de négociation de l'accord. Cette manifestation séquentielle de l'évidentialité permet aux participants d'atténuer ou de renforcer leur positionnement épistémique, de l'aligner à leur statut et de le justifier. Cela se passe dans le contexte d'un trouble dans la machinerie épistémique, touchant aux dimensions du savoir-en-interaction, notamment la primauté et la responsabilité.
Die osteopathische Behandlung der weiblichen Brust
Authors: Schimetits Barbara
Published: September 2022

Die Behandlung der Brust bedarf im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes
Fingerspitzengefühl. Neben den Läsionen im Drüsen- oder
Bindegewebe beachtet der Osteopath die tiefgreifenden Veränderungen auf
psychischer Ebene. Das Brustgewebe reagiert in der Schwangerschaft oder der
Stillzeit auf hormonelle Veränderungen, die das Drüsen- und
Bindegewebe in einer ganz besonderen Art und Weise funktionieren lassen, die
speziell nur für diese Zeit gilt. Jede Veränderung der
weiblichen Brust erfordert sorgfältige Aufmerksamkeit und eine
Behandlung von osteopathischer Seite, die Geist, Körper und Seele in
sich vereint.
Zirkumventrikuläre Organe und phänodynamische
Osteopathie
Authors: Weber Karl-Heinz
Published: September 2022

Die zirkumventrikulären Organe sind
stecknadelkopfgroße Organe, die in der Medianebene um den III. und IV.
Hirnventrikel liegen. Da sie sich hinter der Blut-Hirn-Schranke befinden, besteht eine
direkte Kommunikation zwischen dem Nerven- und dem Durchblutungssystem. In winzigen
perivaskulären Räumen finden lebenswichtige fluide Regulationsprozesse
statt, die durch Synchronisation in der phänodynamischen Osteopathie so lange
wie möglich erhalten werden sollen.
Qualität in der Pflege mitbestimmen und gestalten
Authors: Lukuc Sarah
Published: September 2022

Die Situation in der Gesundheitsversorgung ist im Wandel. Um als attraktiver Arbeitgeber wahrgenommen zu werden, bedarf es einiger Anstrengung. Das Programm Pflegeattraktiv ist eine Möglichkeit hierzu und bietet eine Anleitung für einen nachhaltigen Kulturwandel. Sieben Knappschaft Kliniken wurden bereits zertifiziert.
Magnet® ist keine Raketenwissenschaft
Authors: Wuzel Elena , Dienst Sebastian , Maucher Helene
Published: September 2022

Seit vielen Jahren wird hierzulande darüber diskutiert, ob das amerikanische Magnet®-Konzept auch ins deutsche Gesundheitswesen übertragen werden kann. Hier mehr über die Grundlagen.
Buurtzorg braucht Begleitung – und Zeit
Authors: Heeser Alexandra-Corinna
Published: September 2022

Buurtzorg ist nichts anderes als das niederländische Wort für Nachbarschaftspflege. Dahinter verbirgt sich ein Unternehmen der ambulanten Pflege aus Holland, das sich von den deutschen Grundsätzen der Pflegeorganisation fundamental unterscheidet. Das Zauberwort dabei lautet: Selbstorganisation. Es funktioniert in den Niederlanden. Wer also hierzulande etwas ändern will, sollte sich mal den Nachbarn genauer ansehen.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation – Welche
Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung von Hypersensibilitäten gibt
es?
Authors: Bekes Katrin
Published: September 2022

Bei der Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) handelt es sich um einen
qualitativen Defekt des Schmelzes, der klassischerweise an einem bis zu vier
bleibenden ersten Molaren mit oder ohne Beteiligung der Inzisiven auftritt.
Charakteristisch für das Krankheitsbild sind Opazitäten, ggf.
fortschreitende posteruptive Schmelzeinbrüche und das Auftreten von
Hypersensibilitäten. Insbesondere überempfindliche
MIH-Zähne können für den Behandler eine Herausforderung
sein. Das Therapiespektrum reicht hier von dem regelmäßigen
Gebrauch von Pasten bis zur Versiegelung der Zähne.
Wide-area transepithelial sampling with computer-assisted analysis to detect high grade dysplasia and cancer in Barrettʼs esophagus: a multicenter randomized study
Authors: van Munster Sanne N. , Leclercq Philippe , Haidry Rehan , Messmann Helmut , Probst Andreas , Ragunath Krish , Bhandari Pradeep , Repici Alessandro , Munoz-Navas Miguel , Seewald Stefan , Lemmers Arnaud , Fernández-Esparrach Glòria , Pech Oliver , Schoon Erik J. , Kariv Revital , Neuhaus Horst , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Siersema Peter D. , Correale Loredana , Meijer Sybren L. , de Hertogh Gert , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M. , Hassan Cesare , Bisschops Raf
Published: September 2022

Background Current surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus (BE), consisting of four-quadrant random forceps biopsies (FBs), has an inherent risk of sampling error. Wide-area transepithelial sampling (WATS) may increase detection of high grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In this multicenter randomized trial, we aimed to evaluate WATS as a substitute for FB.

Methods Patients with known BE and a recent history of dysplasia, without visible lesions, at 17 hospitals were randomized to receive either WATS followed by FB or vice versa. All WATS samples were examined, with computer assistance, by at least two experienced pathologists at the CDx Diagnostics laboratory. Similarly, all FBs were examined by two expert pathologists. The primary end point was concordance/discordance for detection of HGD/EAC between the two techniques.

Results 172 patients were included, of whom 21 had HGD/EAC detected by both modalities, 18 had HGD/EAC detected by WATS but missed by FB, and 12 were detected by FB but missed by WATS. The detection rate of HGD/EAC did not differ between WATS and FB (P = 0.36). Using WATS as an adjunct to FB significantly increased the detection of HGD/EAC vs. FB alone (absolute increase 10 % [95 %CI 6 % to 16 %]). Mean procedural times in minutes for FB alone, WATS alone, and the combination were 6.6 (95 %CI 5.9 to 7.1), 4.9 (95 %CI 4.1 to 5.4), and 11.2 (95 %CI 10.5 to 14.0), respectively.

Conclusions Although the combination of WATS and FB increases dysplasia detection in a population of BE patients enriched for dysplasia, we did not find a statistically significant difference between WATS and FB for the detection of HGD/EAC as single modality.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Isoindolinones Enabled by Organocatalytic Functionalization of Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Mao Bin , Wang Jin-Long
Published: September 2022

An enantioselective intramolecular heterocyclization with in situ generated 3-hydroxyisoindolinone-derived N-acyliminium ions has been successfully accomplished. In the presence of a catalytic amount of a chiral phosphoric acid, functionalized 3,3-disubstituted isoindolinones bearing N-acyl-N,O-acetal moieties were obtained with good yields and a high level of stereocontrol (up to 98:2 er). This efficient method proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits broad scope with respect to both 3-hydroxyisoindolinones and hydroxyl partners.
Extrinsic Compression of the Gastric Wall by a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alencar Guilherme dos Santos de , Trindade Érico Samuel Gomes Galvão da , Sarquis Lucas Mansano , Foltran Rodrigo Stremel , Jaouhari Eduardo Talib Bacchi , Borba Luis Alencar Biurrum
Published: September 2022

Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is commonly used in the treatment of hydrocephalus and may present complications in up to 30% of patients. The present report addresses an uncommon complication in the abdominal cavity, in which the catheter caused extrinsic compression of the gastric wall.

Case report A 30-year-old man presented a decreased level of consciousness, associated with severe headache and vomiting. He had a history of congenital neurotoxoplasmosis and VP shunt insertion at 7 years of age. Imaging exams demonstrated the formation of an encapsulated retrogastric pseudocyst and extrinsic compression of the gastric wall by a VP shunt catheter. Through videolaparoscopy, decompression of the gastric wall and removal of the pseudocyst were performed, with the reestablishment of the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. An analysis of the distal fragment of the removed catheter revealed obstruction by fibrotic material. The patient was discharged with a reestablished baseline after four days of hospitalization.

Comments The literature shows that ∼ 47% of the complications presented by patients are related to the distal end of the catheter, and 8.2% of these come from migration to the abdominal cavity. However, there is an extreme paucity of studies that demonstrate extrinsic compression of the gastric wall by a VP shunt catheter. Therefore, we suggest that further studies on complications involving the VP shunt be performed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic results, in addition to complementing the literature on this complication.
Thermography Supported Color Duplex Ultrasound Accelerates ALT Perforator Imaging
Authors: Illg Claudius , Krauss Sabrina , Rachunek Katarzyna , Thiel Johannes Tobias , Daigeler Adrien , Schäfer Ruth Christine
Published: September 2022

Background The anterolateral thigh flap is a versatile and dependable perforator flap and is a popular choice in the reconstruction of various body sites. The variable perforator anatomy suggests preoperative perforator imaging to improve safety and speed of dissection. An innovative perforator imaging technique is thermography, which lately gained attention in plastic surgery.

Methods Thirty-two healthy participants were included in this randomized study. One thigh was examined with dynamic infrared thermography and consecutively with ultrasound, while the contralateral thigh was examined with ultrasound as standalone technology.

Results The application of dynamic infrared thermography prior to ultrasound perforator identification significantly accelerated the ultrasound examination duration by 90 to 130 seconds. The mean duplex ultrasound examination duration correlated positively with the hotspot and perforator quantity per thigh.

Conclusion The addition of thermographic perforator mapping can accelerate color duplex ultrasound anterolateral thigh perforator imaging. Furthermore, thermography supplements color duplex ultrasound with crucial information on angiosome location.
A Peculiar Case of Ischemic Fasciitis Appeared on a Pressure Ulcer after 10 Days of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Recchi Vania , Peltristo Benedetta , Talevi Davide , Scalise Alessandro , Benedetto Giovanni Di
Published: September 2022

In this article, we reported a single case of ischemic fasciitis in a young woman with a progressive immobilization due to a multifocal demyelinating disease of central nervous system, which appeared on an extensive pressure ulcer of the sacral region treated with 10 days of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Wound examination revealed a significant nontender brown neoformation (9 cm in length × 10 cm in width × 7 cm in height), fixed to the sacrum, presenting hard consistency, and grown in the central portion of the sacral pressure sore. The histologic examination showed central fibrinoid necrosis, and vascular and atypical fibroblastic proliferations, and a diagnosis of ischemic fasciitis was made. Ischemic fasciitis is a rare benign proliferation of atypical fibroblasts that occurs in physically weak patients with reduced mobility. In the literature, the relationship between the use of NPWT on pressure ulcers and the development of ischemic fasciitis is, to the best of our knowledge, not described yet.
Surgical Techniques to Prevent Nipple-Areola Complex Malposition in Two-Stage Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Komiya Takako , Ojima Yosuke , Ishikawa Takashi , Matsumura Hajime
Published: September 2022

Background Appropriate position of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is crucial following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). The prevention of NAC malposition in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction has not been well described, and the efficacy of the techniques has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our technique to prevent NAC malposition in patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after NSM.

Methods Patients who underwent two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction with NSM between January 2012 and December 2019 were included. We used a surgical technique to fix the NAC to the rigid base, assuming a pocket-like appearance, with pectoralis major muscle and lateral adipofascial flap at the time of tissue expander (TE) insertion. Patients were classified into two groups based on the performance of the technique for the prevention of NAC malposition.

Results In 35 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after NSM, the clavicle-to-nipple distance ratio was 96.0 ± 5.0% in those who underwent NAC fixation and 86.1 ± 11.5% in those who did not undergo NAC fixation.

Conclusions Using our technique, NAC malposition could be prevented in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction. NAC fixation during TE insertion was found to be extremely effective. This procedure successfully prevented NAC malposition without the formation of extra scars.
Anatomical Study of the Close Association between Latissimus Dorsi and Surrounding Muscles. How to Safely Harvest the Muscle?
Authors: Oh Sangho , Kim Hyunju , Lee Jae-Ho , Son Daegu
Published: September 2022

Abstracts

Background We suggested an easy and effective harvesting technique to avoid injury to tissues adjacent to the latissimus dorsi (LD).

Methods Between 2007 and 2017, breast reconstruction was performed with an LD flap using the “bottom-up” technique. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Data on postoperative complications, results, and follow-up were obtained. Nine cadaveric dissections were performed to assess positional relationships between LD and adjacent muscles based on the ribs where relevant muscles and LD attach. Overall, 78 LD flaps were harvested without complications.

Results Average age was 45.4 years. The mean operation time was 260 minutes. There were no abnormalities or injuries in the adjacent fascia and muscles during the flap harvest. Drains were removed at an average of 21.9 days postoperatively. In all cadavers, there was conjoined fascia between the thoracolumbar and LD fasciae. The average level of the merging point between the LD and external oblique muscle (EOM) was 8.9 to 11.1 ribs. The average level of the overlapping point between the LD and serratus posterior inferior (SPI) was 9.5 to 11.1 ribs.

Conclusions There are three dangerous zones during LD flap harvesting. The first zone is where the conjoined fascia encompasses the LD and thoracolumbar fasciae. The second zone is where the LD merges with the EOM and the serratus anterior. The third zone is the lower part where the LD merges with the SPI and EOM. The “bottom-up” technique enables a more meticulous and atraumatic operation by beginner flap surgeons.
Learners' Responses to a Virtual Cadaver Dissection Nerve Course in the COVID Era: A Survey Study
Authors: Lisiecki Jeffrey L. , Johnson Shepard Peir , Grant David , Chung Kevin C.
Published: September 2022

Background Virtual education is an evolving method for teaching medical learners. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remote learning has provided a replacement for conferences, lectures, and meetings, but has not been described as a method for conducting a cadaver dissection. We aim to demonstrate how learners perceive a virtual cadaver dissection as an alternative to live dissection.

Methods A virtual cadaver dissection was performed to demonstrate several upper extremity nerve procedures. These procedures were livestreamed as part of an educational event with multimedia and interactive audience questions. Participants were queried both during and after the session regarding their perceptions of this teaching modality.

Results Attendance of a virtual dissection held for three plastic surgery training institutions began at 100 and finished with 70 participants. Intrasession response rates from the audience varied between 68 and 75%, of which 75% strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual environment. The audience strongly agreed or agreed that the addition of multimedia captions (88%), magnified video loupe views (82%), and split-screen multicast view (64%) was beneficial. Postsession response rate was 27%, and generally reflected a positive perspective about the content of the session.

Conclusions Virtual cadaver dissection is an effective modality for teaching surgical procedures and can be enhanced through technologies such as video loupes and multiple camera perspectives. The audience viewed the virtual cadaver dissection as a beneficial adjunct to surgical education. This format may also make in-person cadaver courses more effective by improving visualization and allowing for anatomic references to be displayed synchronously.
Configurational entropy, transition rates, and optimal interactions for rapid folding in coarse-grained model proteins
Authors: Colberg Margarita , Schofield Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Under certain conditions, the dynamics of coarse-grained models of solvated proteins can be described using a Markov state model, which tracks the evolution of populations of configurations. The transition rates among states that appear in the Markov model can be determined by computing the relative entropy of states and their mean first passage times. In this paper, we present an adaptive method to evaluate the configurational entropy and the mean first passage times for linear chain models with discontinuous potentials. The approach is based on event-driven dynamical sampling in a massively parallel architecture. Using the fact that the transition rate matrix can be calculated for any choice of interaction energies at any temperature, it is demonstrated how each state’s energy can be chosen such that the average time to transition between any two states is minimized. The methods are used to analyze the optimization of the folding process of two protein systems: the crambin protein and a model with frustration and misfolding. It is shown that the folding pathways for both systems are comprised of two regimes: first, the rapid establishment of local bonds, followed by the subsequent formation of more distant contacts. The state energies that lead to the most rapid folding encourage multiple pathways, and they either penalize folding pathways through kinetic traps by raising the energies of trapping states or establish an escape route from the trapping states by lowering free energy barriers to other states that rapidly reach the native state.
Operation of Cs–Sb–O activated GaAs in a high voltage DC electron gun at high average current
Authors: Bae Jai Kwan , Andorf Matthew , Bartnik Adam , Galdi Alice , Cultrera Luca , Maxson Jared , Bazarov Ivan
Published: September 2022

Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) activated GaAs photocathodes are the most popular option for generating a high current (>1 mA) spin-polarized electron beam. Despite its popularity, a short operational lifetime is the main drawback of this material. Recent works have shown that the lifetime can be improved by using a robust Cs–Sb–O NEA layer with minimal adverse effects. In this work, we operate GaAs photocathodes with this new activation method in a high voltage environment to extract a high current. We demonstrate that improved chemical resistance of Cs–Sb–O activated GaAs photocathodes allowed them to survive a day-long transport process from a separate vacuum system using a vacuum suitcase. During beam running, we observed spectral dependence on lifetime improvement. In particular, we saw a 45% increase in the lifetime at 780 nm on average for Cs–Sb–O activated GaAs compared to Cs–O activated GaAs.
Chemical bonding between thorium and novel BN nanomaterials
Authors: Kurelchuk U. N. , Nikolaev A. V. , Borisyuk P. V. , Tkalya E. V.
Published: September 2022

We study the nature of chemical bonding of the thorium atom with novel BN-based nanomaterials: fullerenes B30N30, B12N8, B8N12, and the BN analog of coronene—B12N12H12, used as a representative molecular fragment of the two dimensional hexagonal BN-sheet. Our ab initio calculations are performed within the dispersion-corrected density functional approach with a hybrid exchange-correlation potential. The smallest 20-atom BN-fullerenes B12N8, B8N12 proposed by us are shown to be stable and should be observable experimentally. Thorium is found at the center of these structures pushing the outer shell of atoms farther away. The shape of the B12N8-cage in Th@B12N8 is conserved, while the shape of the B8N12 molecule in Th@B8N12 is largely deformed. The initially planar structure of B12N12H12 in the presence of thorium becomes corrugated, demonstrating pronounced off-plane displacements under the thorium atom. Other four-valent metals (Ti, Zr, and Hf) also cause off-plane displacements of B and N atoms albeit to a much smaller scale. In the 60-atom fullerene B30N30, which is the BN analog of C60, two conformations of Th@B30N30 are found: one is with thorium facing the hexagon with one B–B and one N–N covalent bonds and a second, lying 0.79 eV higher, with thorium close to the center of pentagon with one B–B covalent bond.
Discovery of a new criterion for predicting glass-forming ability based on symbolic regression and artificial neural network
Authors: Tan Baofeng , Liang Yong-Chao , Chen Qian , Zhang Li , Ma Jia-Jun
Published: September 2022

Metallic glasses (MGs) are widely used in various fields due to their superior physical properties. Glass-forming ability (GFA) represents the difficulty of forming MGs. Therefore, understanding and establishing the connection between materials characteristics and GFA is a great challenge in MGs research. In this work, to generate a new criterion to characterize GFA, symbolic regression and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed built on 7795 pieces of data. A completely new criterion was proposed and revealed the relationship between three characteristic temperatures (wherein Tg is the glass transition temperature, Tx is the onset crystallization temperature, and Tl is the liquidus temperature) and GFA. The new criterion not only exhibits a higher correlation to the critical casting diameter (Dmax) than the other 11 reported criteria but also illustrates the importance of high power (Tx − Tg)/(Tl − Tx) in characterizing GFA. Moreover, to test the criterion on unreported data, three models that can, respectively, perform GFA classification, predict Dmax, and three characteristic temperatures were built through artificial neural networks. Then, 439 new data generated by the ANN model were generated by models applied on Zr–Co–Al–X (X = W, Si, and Ni) alloys. On the testing data, the new criterion shows stronger generalization than other criteria, which proves its reliability and effectiveness.
A theoretical study of thermal management of FBAR considering thickness- and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of AlN
Authors: Zhao Lishuai , Yi Xinyan , Ouyang Peidong , Li Guoqiang
Published: September 2022

Reliable and long-term operation of thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) under high power relies on the optimization of thermal resistance. In this work, thermal design strategies for high power FBARs are explored theoretically. For accurate estimation of the thermal characteristics of FBARs, the thermal conductivity of the AlN epilayer with temperature and thickness dependence is included in the finite element simulation model, of which AlN thermal conductivity is calculated through normal-process, Umklapp, and boundary scattering. To further reduce thermal resistance and improve power capacity, the effects of aspect ratio, AlN thickness, the number of resonators, and pitch distance on thermal resistance are investigated. Compared with FBARs with a square electrode, the thermal resistance of the FBAR-on-diamond device is decreased by 43% at an aspect ratio of three. Meanwhile, the optimal AlN thickness is 2 µm, which maintains the balance between thermal resistance and electric performance. The power capacity is increased by 1.93 dB by substituting six resonators for four resonators. The improvement in power handling ability is attributed to the reduced thermal spreading resistance and lower power density. Our study can provide detailed thermal design strategies for high power FBARs toward high throughput data transmission.
A new freezing model of sessile droplets considering ice fraction and ice distribution after recalescence
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Xu Zhike , Zhang Haixiang , Zheng Jingyuan , Hao Pengfei , He Feng , Zhang Xiwen
Published: September 2022

In this work, a new three-dimensional sessile droplet freezing model, involving the ice fraction and ice distribution after the droplet recalescence, is established based on the many-body dissipative particle dynamics with the energy conservation method for the first time. The proposed model is verified by comparing it with experimental results, and the accuracy of this model increases as the ice distribution becomes more non-uniform after recalescence. Furthermore, the effects of surface contact angle, droplet volume, surface temperature, and droplet supercooling degree on the freezing process are investigated in detail. The numerical results demonstrate that the angle of ice tips maintains a constant under various conditions. The upper and lower limits of solidification time under specific conditions are derived, and the droplet solidification time decreases linearly with the increase in supercooling. In addition, the average droplet solidification rate decreases with the increase in droplet volume, contact angle, and surface temperature, and the surface temperature is demonstrated to have the greatest influence on the solidification rate. Emphatically, we put forward an empirical formula, as a function of droplet volume, contact angle, droplet supercooling degree, and surface temperature, to predict the freezing time of a sessile supercooled droplet.
A study on flow control in a hypersonic inlet using a plasma synthetic jet actuator
Authors: Zhang Weilin , Shi Zhiwei , Zhang Chuanhong , Geng Xi , Li Kangli , Chen Zhen
Published: September 2022

The plasma synthetic jet actuator (PSJA) has been proven to have potential for shock wave control in the supersonic/hypersonic flow. To evaluate the possibility for the PSJA applied in the hypersonic inlet under a Mach number greater than the design value and provide a deeper understanding of its control mechanism, the relevant two-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out. Based on the discussions about the numerical results, the effects are clear of the actuations generated by the PSJAs, including diffracted waves, synthetic jets, and discharged heat, on the oblique shock waves induced by the compression ramps and the aerodynamic performance of the hypersonic inlet. Concretely, the shapes of the oblique waves are changed by propagations of the diffracted waves, whose starting point moved due to the synthetic jets. A deceleration occurs near the surface of the hypersonic inlet caused by the movement of the discharged heat, leading to a thickener boundary layer. Furthermore, the incremental analysis about the total pressure recovery coefficient at the throat shows that the diffracted waves can increase the static pressure at the throat achieving a higher total pressure recovery coefficient, while the discharged heat makes the total pressure recovery coefficient drop due to a lower local Mach number at the throat. The effect of the discharged heat is more obvious than that of the diffracted waves.
Numerical modeling of imposed magnetohydrodynamic effects in hypersonic flows
Authors: Muir Heather A. , Nikiforakis Nikos
Published: September 2022

Weakly ionized plasmas, formed in high enthalpy hypersonic flows, can be actively manipulated via imposed magnetic fields—a concept termed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow control. Imposed MHD effects, within flows that exhibit multiple shock interactions, are consequential for emerging aerospace technologies, including the possibility of replacing mechanical control surfaces with magnetic actuation. However, numerical modeling of this flow type remains challenging due to the sensitivity of feature formation and the real gas modeling of weakly ionized, electrically conductive, air plasma. In this work, numerical simulation capabilities have been developed for the study of MHD affected, hypersonic flows, around two-dimensional axisymmetric non-simple geometries. The validated numerical methodology, combined with an advanced 19 species equation of state for air plasma, permits the realistic and efficient simulation of air plasmas in the equilibrium regime. Quantitative agreement is achieved between simulation and experiment for a Mach 5.6 double cone geometry with applied magnetic field. In the context of the magnetic actuation concept, numerical studies are conducted for varied conical surface angle and magnetic field configuration. For simple geometries with an elemental shock type, the MHD enhancement effect produces a self-similar shock structure. This paper demonstrates how, for hypersonic flows with complex shock interactions, the MHD affected flow is not only augmented in terms of shock position but may exhibit topological adaptations in the fundamental flow structure. A classification system is introduced for the emergent flow topologies identified in this work. Fluid-magnetic interactions are explored and explained in terms of the coupled mechanisms leading to (1) differences in magnitude of MHD enhancement effect and (2) structural adaptations of the flow topology. The applied numerical studies examine why increased conical surface angle does not amplify the MHD enhancement effect as expected from the base flow conditions, and the mechanisms by which the magnetic field configuration influences the MHD augmented shock structure. Most critically, classes of conditions are identified that produce topological equivalence between the magnetic interaction effects and a generalized mechanical control surface.
Full bifurcation scenarios and pattern formation of laminar electroconvection in a cavity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Dilin , Liu Anjun , Luo Kang , Wu Jian , Yi Hongliang
Published: September 2022

This study numerically investigates the flow structures and bifurcation scenarios of three-dimensional (3D) laminar electroconvection (EC). An efficient parallel lattice Boltzmann model is undertaken to numerically solve the model problem. The results present three steady flow patterns and three pitchfork bifurcations. These three patterns each have one, two, or four charge void cells. The three critical values of electric Rayleigh number Tc are 242, 545, and 665, respectively. There are also two hysteresis loops whose nonlinear criteria Tf are 157 and 435, respectively. An unexpected flow pattern, which has two prism-shaped primary vortex structures, demonstrates the significance of 3D analysis. In addition, we find that the 3D flow in the cavity is more stable by studying the correlation between the 3D and two-dimensional laminar EC. Using dynamic mode decomposition for the flow structures, we reveal that the novel feature is the result of competition between the EC flow structure and the limitation of geometry.
Interface-resolved direct numerical simulations of interphase momentum, heat, and mass transfer in supercritical water gasification of coal
Authors: Ou Zhisong , Guo Liejin , Chi Cheng , Zhu Shixing , Ren Changsheng , Jin Hui , Thévenin Dominique
Published: September 2022

Interactions between a reacting particle and the surrounding fluid are complex due to the interplay between flow dynamics, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions. In the present work, particle–fluid transport processes in supercritical water gasification of coal are studied using high-fidelity interface-resolved direct numerical simulations. The impact of different factors on the particle–fluid interactions are evaluated by performing simulations of the flow around two-dimensional particles considering different numerical configurations. The outgoing Stefan flow from the particle surface is found to cause expanded boundary layers for velocity, heat, and species. The temperature-induced changes in transport properties around a heated particle lead to a higher drag force and decreased heat/mass transport; those differences are further enlarged when taking into account the volumetric expansion of the fluid. Transport limitation for coal gasification in a realistic configuration is finally investigated. Temperature-induced fluid dilatation is then the major factor affecting drag force and heat transfer around the reacting particle, and mass transport is significantly impacted by species production or consumption in the boundary layer. Reaction heat release and variations in fluid composition within the thermal boundary layer lead to a slight enhancement of heat transfer. This work reveals and quantifies the main mechanisms affecting the exchanges between a reacting coal particle and surrounding supercritical water regarding both thermal and chemical aspects. It also provides high-fidelity data to later fit the reduced models needed for simulations of large-scale supercritical water gasification installations.
US particle physicists envision future of the field
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: September 2022

In the bottom-up planning process, a collider on US soil garnered enthusiasm; diversity and community engagement also got attention.
Anticausatives in Classical Armenian
Authors: Kocharov Petr
Published: September 2022

The present study contributes to the description of the coding of anticausatives and causative-anticausative
alternation in Classical Armenian based on conventional typologically-oriented questionnaires and a dataset of verbs attested in
the Armenian translation of the Bible. The synchronic evidence is then analyzed from a diachronic perspective with an outlook on
modern varieties of Armenian and the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction.

It is argued that discriminating between the derivational and inflectional tiers allows for a better explanation
of the morphological links between the patterns used to code causative-anticausative alternation in verbs of different semantic
types. According to preliminary quantitative estimations, the overall valency orientation of Classical Armenian is dominated by a
nondirected equipollent coding strategy. Altogether, when coded by transitivizing pairs, causative-anticausative alternation shows
preference for noncausal verbs of the a-conjugation, the paradigm of which typically combines equipollent
perfective forms with labile imperfective ones.

An improved descriptive model enables a better cross-linguistic alignment of coding patterns as illustrated by
comparing Classical Armenian to other cognate languages. Classical Armenian provides additional evidence on the typologically
common split in the coding of causative-anticausative pairs. Whereas the transitivizing and equipollent (and marginally
suppletive) patterns are diachronically stable within the prehistory of Armenian, the labile strategy constitutes a major
innovation typical for the imperfective part of the verbal paradigm.
Microstructure evolution and microhardness of thermal-simulated HAZ in Fe–Mn–Al–C steel
Authors: Xing Mei , Wan Ya-xiong , Zhang Xiao-feng , Lin Fang-min , Zhang Peng-yan , Huang Zhen-yi
Published: September 2022

The microstructure evolution and microhardness of Fe–Mn–Al–C steel heat-affected zone (HAZ) were investigated systematically using the weld thermal simulation technique. The results illustrated that the microstructure in HAZ with different peak temperatures (600, 800, 1000 and 1300°C) and heat inputs (10, 20 and 30 kJ cm–1) mainly consisted of ferrite and austenite. When the peak temperature was 1300°C, there are many high-angle grain boundaries which may inhibit crack propagation. With the increase in heat input, κappa carbide precipitation increased, the grain size became finer and microhardness increased. The microhardness was 438 HV when the peak temperature was 1300°C at 30 kJ cm–1.

Highlights The welding of high carbon, high aluminium and low-density steel was simulated. The HAZ was composed of austenite and a small amount of high-temperature δ-ferrite. The proportion of high- and low-angle grain boundaries has a great influence on the mechanical properties. The welding heat input was 30 kJ cm–1, the grain size of the HAZ decreased and microhardness was the largest.
Design and Development of a High-Performance LED-Side-Pumped Nd:YAG Rod Laser
Authors: Shen Jianping , Huang Xin , Jiang Songtao , Jiang Rongrong , Wang Huiyin , Lu Peng , Xu Shaocong , Jiao Mingyu
Published: September 2022

We present a design and development of a high-performance light-emitting diode (LED)-side-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser with strong pulse energy, high efficiency, and consistency, very good beam quality, and high uniform pumping intensity in the active area which reduces the effects of thermal gradient significantly. A five-dimensional 810 nm LED array with a full width of 30 nm at half maximum was intended to achieve high coupling efficiency by putting the LED array as close as possible to the side of the Nd:YAG laser rod for overcoming the large pumped divergence. Under 2.25 J pump energy, maximum single pulse energy of 35.86 mJ with duration of 1.24 μs at 1063.68 nm was obtained, equivalent to optical efficiency of 1.59% and a slope efficiency of 2.53%. The laser was set to repeat at a rate of 10 Hz with a beam quality factor of

M
x
2

=
2.94

and

M
y
2

=
3.35

, as well as with the output power stability of < 4.1% (root mean square) and < 7.3% (peak to peak). To the best of our ability, this is the highest performance for an LED-side-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser oscillator with a 10-mJ-level output ever reported.
Photoisomerization and ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of toxic deoxyguanosine adduct ANdG: a theoretical study
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cui Xixi , Meng Qingtian , Zhang Changzhe
Published: September 2022

The toxic deoxyguanosine adduct (ANdG) is one of the most representative carcinogenic DNA adducts, resulting from human exposure to aromatic amine (AA). Accordingly, the ultrasensitive detection of AA-derived adduct in DNA with minimal disturbance to the native structures is key to elucidating carcinogenesis mechanisms and mitigating cancer risk. Considering the lack of adequate intrinsic optical emission in two obtained rotamers (ANG1 and ANG2), a set of quasi-intrinsic fluorescent probes based on the complementary cytosine are proposed to identify covalent G-adduct. It is found that the expanded C-analogues in solution could bring red-shifted absorption maxima and enhanced photoluminescence due to the additional π-conjugation. In particular, because PhpC possesses large Stokes shift (98 nm) and the highest fluorescence intensity (f
flu. = 0.546) in emission, it is proposed as the biosensor to monitor the optical changes in the presence and absence of the considered ANG. Compared with native C base, the absorption maximum of PhpC is red-shifted by 145 nm, which contributes to the selective excitation after incorporating into the nucleic acids. More importantly, the fluorescence is insensitive to base pairing with natural guanine, while the efficient fluorescence quenching is observed after pairing with ANG1/ANG2 as a result of the obvious excited state intermolecular charge transfer. To evaluate the direct application of the bright C-analogues with a high selectivity for deoxyguanosine adduct ANdG in DNA, we further examined the effect of linking deoxyribose on absorption and fluorescence emission, which are consistent with the experimental data.
Development, characterization, and applications of a portable analyzer for continuous monitoring of H2S in gas streams
Authors: Marzouk Sayed A M , Abuhattab Bashar Y , Alnaqbi Mohamed A R A , Bufaroosha Muna S , Al-Marzouqi Mohamed H , Abdullatif Nadia
Published: September 2022

A bench-scale analyzer for continuous monitoring of H2S in gas streams was previously described (2012 Sens. Actuators B 162 377–83). The analyzer was based on the exothermic reaction between the scrubbed H2S, in alkaline solution, with hydrogen peroxide. The analyzer offers several advantages but suffers from a relatively slow response time (i.e. 7 min) and a relatively low sensitivity (limit of detection = 100 ppm). In the present work, a substantially improved detector design and direct mixing of the gas with the liquid reagents are described. The improved detector, in the form of a coiled thin-walled stainless-steel (SS) tube also acts as a compartment for direct gas absorption and reaction with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide reagents, which eliminates the need for a gas scrubber based on microporous hollow fiber membranes (HFMs). The average temperature of the SS coil was measured by three thermocouples attached to the outer surface of the coil with thermally conductive epoxy. The improved detector design and the simplified scheme proved very successful in achieving six times faster response (i.e. 70 s) and ten times more sensitive response (i.e. 10 ppm) in the gas stream and improved repeatability (coefficient of variation = 0.55%). In addition, the previously reported advantages, such as excellent signal stability, wide dynamic range (up to 5% H2S) and convenient tuning of the sensitivity and linearity by varying the ratio between the gas and reagent flow rates were perfectly retained. The improved detector is utilized to construct a compact portable version of the H2S analyzer (∼6 kg), which provides a stand-alone operation for real-time monitoring of H2S in the gas stream for up to 4 h prior to the need for reagent refill or battery recharge. The applications of the described portable analyzer in monitoring H2S removal from H2S–N2 gas stream using an HFM contactor and absorption solvent, and in the determination of sulfide ions in liquid samples are presented. A comparison between the response of the present portable H2S analyzer and a commercial analyzer is also presented.
A simple mechanical model of the drumroll
Authors: Oss Stefano
Published: September 2022

We propose an experiment in which the sound of a drumroll is recorded and analysed according to a simple mechanical model in which the inelastic restitution coefficient of the collision between the stick and drum surface, as well as the ongoing kinematics of the drumstick, are considered. The agreement shows that this model is well suited for describing the most relevant features of drumstick behaviour during this type of motion.
Quantum coherence-control of thermal energy transport: the V model as a case study
Authors: Ivander Felix , Anto-Sztrikacs Nicholas , Segal Dvira
Published: September 2022

Whether genuine quantum effects, particularly quantum coherences, can offer an advantage to quantum devices is a topic of much interest. Here, we study a minimal model, the three-level V system coupled to two heat baths, and investigate the role of quantum coherences in heat transport in both the transient regime and in the nonequilibrium steady-state. In our model, energy is exchanged between the baths through two parallel pathways, which can be made distinct through the nondegeneracy of excited levels (energy splitting Δ) and a control parameter α, which adjusts the strength of one of the arms. Using a nonsecular quantum master equation of Redfield form, we succeed in deriving closed-form expressions for the quantum coherences and the heat current in the steady state limit for closely degenerate excited levels. By including three ingredients in our analysis: nonequilibrium baths, nondegeneracy of levels, and asymmetry of pathways, we show that quantum coherences are generated and sustained in the V model in the steady-state limit if three conditions, conjoining thermal and coherent effects are simultaneously met: (i) the two baths are held at different temperatures. (ii) Bath-induced pathways do not interfere destructively. (iii) Thermal rates do not mingle with the control parameter α to destroy interference through an effective local equilibrium condition. Particularly, we find that coherences are maximized when the heat current is suppressed. Although we mainly focus on analytical results in the steady state limit, numerical simulations reveal that the transient behavior of coherences contrasts the steady-state limit: large long-lived transient coherences vanish at steady state, while weak short-lived transient coherences survive, suggesting that different mechanisms are at play in these two regimes. Enhancing either the lifetime of transient coherences or their magnitude at steady state thus requires the control and optimization of different physical parameters.