bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of Kelvin wave seasonal variability in ECMWF L91 analyses
Authors: Blaauw Marten , Žagar Nedjeljka
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The paper presents the seasonal variability of Kelvin waves (KWs) in 2007–2013 ECMWF analyses on 91 model levels. The waves are filtered using the normal-mode function decomposition which simultaneously analyses wind and mass field based on their relationships from linear wave theory. Both spectral as well as spatiotemporal features of the KWs are examined in terms of their seasonal variability in comparison with background wind and stability. Furthermore, a differentiation is made using spectral bandpass filtering between the slow horizontal barotropic KW response and the fast vertical projection response observed as vertically-propagating KWs. Results show a clear seasonal cycle in KW activity which is predominantly at the largest zonal scales (wavenumber 1–2) where up to 50 % more energy is observed during the solstice seasons in comparison with spring and autumn. The spatiotemporal structure of the KW reveals the slow response as a robust Gill-type structure with its position determined by the location of the dominant convective outflow winds throughout the seasons. Its maximum strength occurs during northern summer when easterlies in the Eastern Hemisphere are strongest. The fast response in the form of free traveling KWs occur throughout the year with seasonal variability mostly found in the wave amplitudes being dependent on background easterly winds.
Ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT airglow and wind, and their interaction with the atmospheric tides
Authors: Egito Fabio , Buriti Ricardo Arlen , Fragoso Medeiros Amauri , Takahashi Hisao
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Airglow and wind measurements from the Brazilian equatorial region were used
to investigate the presence and the effects of the 3–4-day ultrafast Kelvin
waves in the MLT. The airglow integrated intensities of the OI557.7 nm,
O2b(0-1) and OH(6-2) emissions, as well as the OH rotational
temperature, were measured by a multichannel photometer, and the zonal and
meridional wind components between 80 and 100 km were obtained from a meteor
radar. Both instruments are installed in the Brazilian equatorial region at
São João do Cariri (7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W). Data from
2005 were used in this study. The 3–4-day oscillations appear intermittently
throughout the year in the airglow. They were identified in January, March,
July, August and October–November observations. The amplitudes induced by
the waves in the airglow range from 26 to 40 % in the OI557.7 nm, 17 to
43 % in the O2b(0-1) and 15 to 20 % in the OH(6-2) emissions. In
the OH rotational temperature, the amplitudes were from 4 to 6 K. Common
3–4-day oscillations between airglow and neutral wind compatible with
ultrafast Kelvin waves were observed in March, August and October–November.
In these cases, the amplitudes in the zonal wind were found to be between 22
and 28 m s−1 and the vertical wavelength ranges from 44 to 62 km.
Evidence of the nonlinear interaction between the ultrafast Kelvin wave and
diurnal tide was observed. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (airglow and aurora) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; waves and tides)
Population-specific responses in physiological rates of Emiliania huxleyi to a broad CO2 range
Authors: Zhang Yong , Bach Lennart T. , Lohbeck Kai T. , Schulz Kai G. , Listmann Luisa , Klapper Regina , Riebesell Ulf
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Although coccolithophore physiological responses to CO2-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry have been widely studied in the past, there is limited knowledge on the variability of physiological responses between populations. In the present study, we investigated the population-specific responses of growth, particulate organic (POC) and inorganic carbon (PIC) production rates of 17 strains of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi from three regions in the North Atlantic Ocean (Azores, Canary Islands, and Norwegian coast near Bergen) to a CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) range from 120 µatm to 2630 µatm. Physiological rates of each population and individual strain displayed the expected optimum curve responses to the pCO2 gradient. Optimal pCO2 for growth and POC production rates and tolerance to low pH (i.e. high proton concentration) was significantly higher in an E. huxleyi population isolated from a Norwegian fjord than in those isolated near the Azores and Canary Islands. This may be due to the large pCO2 and pH variability in coastal waters off Bergen compared to the rather stable oceanic conditions at the other two sites. Maximum growth and POC production rates of the Azores and Bergen populations were similar and significantly higher than of the Canary Islands population. One of the reasons may be that the chosen incubation temperature (16 °C) is slightly below what strains isolated near the Canary Islands normally experience. Our results indicate adaptation of E. huxleyi to their local environmental conditions. Within each population, different growth, POC and PIC production rates at different pCO2 levels indicated strain-specific phenotypic plasticity. The existence of distinct carbonate chemistry responses between and within populations will likely benefit E. huxleyi to acclimate to rising CO2 levels in the oceans.
O uso da ETCC associado ao treino motor de membros inferiores na neurologia: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Duarte Natália De Almeida Carvalho , Ferreira Cinthia Raquel Machado , Souza Nathalia Sellis Silva de , Cruz Patrícia Da Silva , Pasini Neto Hugo , Oliveira Claudia Santos
Published: February 2018

Introduo: A estimulao Transcraniana por corrente contnua (ETCC) umatcnica neuromodulatria que pode alterar um padro de excitabilidade maladaptativo frente uma leso neurolgica. Seu uso combinado com o treino motorvem sendo amplamente discutido na literatura. Objetivo: realizar uma revisode estudos que utilizaram a ETCC combinada com treinos fsicos de membrosinferiores para melhora da marcha, equilbrio e controle postural de pacientesneurolgicos. Mtodo: Foi realizada uma reviso bibliogrfica nas bases dedados: Medline, Lilacs, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Cochranedatabases, Cinahl, Scielo e PubMed.Os artigos utilizados nesta reviso forampontuados e qualificados atravs da escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database.Resultados:Foram includos no estudo 9 artigos combinando o uso da ETCC atreinos motores de membros inferiores. Concluso: Os resultados dos estudosmostram que embora ainda no exista uma padronizao dos parmetros ideaisde utilizao da ETCC, sugerimos que seu uso combinado com treino motor podepotencializar os efeitos funcionais da terapia.
Efeitos agudos da bandagem elástica na atividade muscular
Authors: Bordin Suelen , Marini Talinara Cristine , Florianovicz Vivian Carla , Calegari Leonardo , Pimentel Gilnei Lopes
Published: February 2018

Introduo: A bandagem elstica tem sido usada principalmente na reabilitaomusculoesqueltica, tornando-se relevante a realizao de estudos que tenhamcomo foco os efeitos dessa interveno. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito agudoda bandagem elstica sobre o pico de torque e amplitude eletromiogrfica domsculo reto femoral. Mtodos: Estudo transversal experimental, com amostracomposta por oito indivduos saudveis do gnero feminino, com idade mdia de21 anos, que realizaram a avaliao dinamomtrica na velocidade de 60/s e eletromiogrficado msculo reto femoral pr e ps aplicao da bandagem elstica.Resultados: Demonstrou-se um pico de torque pr-interveno de 112,9 43,38Nm e aps de 115,4 39,18 Nm, resultando p=0.41. A amplitude eletromiogrficapr foi de 736,3 307,7 V e ps de 721,6 246,8V e um p=0,79. Concluso: Aaplicao da bandagem elstica no alterou agudamente de forma significativa opico de torque e a amplitude eletromiogrfica do msculo reto femoral.
Efeitos de exercícios físicos praticados em Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Rocha Vanessa Carvalho Leite Gama , Kosour Carolina , Pereira Maria Jaqueline , Sostena Neto José Roberto , Silva Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da
Published: February 2018

Introduo: O exerccio fsico tem sido incentivado na Ateno Primria Sade.Objetivo: comparar dois grupos de indivduos praticantes de exerccios fsicosna Ateno Primria e sedentrios, em relao a possveis benefcios desta paraa sade. Mtodo: Foram avaliados 38 indivduos, divididos em dois grupos: participantesde grupos de exerccio fsico e sedentrios. A avaliao inicial e finaldos dois grupos conteve dados sociodemogrficos e clnicos, capacidade fsicae respiratria e qualidade de vida. Os dados foram comparados intra-grupose inter-grupos. Resultados: Nas analises intra-grupos, foram significativas(p0,05) as diferenas na qualidade de vida, no grupo de exerccio, e capacidadefsica e qualidade de vida no grupo sedentrio. Na comparao inter-grupos,somente capacidade fsica foi diferente (p0,05). Concluso: Os exerccios fsicosrealizados na Ateno Primria apresentam necessidade de reorganizao paraalcance de melhores resultados.
Intensidade de esforço percebido em diferentes exercícios aplicados com idosas em unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Cavalhaes Mayla Fernanda De Moura , Silva Danilo Fernandes da , Oliveira Lucas Eduardo Campos de , Ferreira Sandra Aires , Weber Vinicius Reis Müller , Queiroga Marcos Roberto
Published: February 2018

Introduo: A Educao Fsica vem demonstrando crescente participao e destaquena sade pblica brasileira. Objetivo: Investigar a percepo da intensidadede esforo (PSE) e a quantidade de exerccios fsicos aerbios e neuromuscularesrealizados por mulheres adultas e idosas em unidades bsicas de sade (UBS)de um municpio sul-brasileiro. Mtodos: Participaram do estudo 88 mulheres,a maioria idosas (66,54,9 anos). A PSE e quantidade de passos foram determinadosmediante escala de Borg e Pedmetros, respectivamente. As variveisforam monitoradas durante 68 sesses de exerccios fsicos, das quais 38 deexerccios neuromusculares e 30 de exerccios aerbios. Resultados: As sessesde exerccios aerbios apresentaram valores significativamente mais elevadospara a PSE (12,61,5 versus 12,21,5) e para a quantidade de passos (2103,6964,0versus 805,4458,7 p/sesso) do que as sesses de exerccios neuromusculares.Concluso: Ambas as modalidades de exerccio devem contribuir para um aumentoda atividade fsica diria das participantes. A diferena observada para aPSE discreta e corrobora com as recomendaes para essa populao.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF PERCEPTUAL MICROGENESIS
Authors: Pąchalska Maria , Góral-Pólrola Jolanta , Mueller Andreas , Kropotov Juri D.
Published: February 2018

Perception is one of the psychological operations that can be analyzed from the point of view of microgenetic theory. Our study tests the basic premise of microgenesis theory – the existence of recurrent stages of visual information processing. The event related potentials in two variants of a cued GO/NOGO task (contrasting images of Animals and Plants in the first variant, and contrasting images of Angry and Happy faces in the second variant) were studied during the first 300 ms following stimulus presentation. The independent component analysis was applied to a large collection of ERPs. The functional independent components associated with visual category discrimination, comparison to working memory, action initiation and conflict detection were separated. Information processing in the ventral visual stream (the temporal independent components) occurs at two sequential stages with positive/negative fluctuations of the cortical potential as indexes of the stages. The first stage represents the comparison of the pure physical features of the visual input with the memory trace. The second stage represents the comparison of more sophisticated semantic/emotional features with the working memory. The two stages are the results of interplay between bottom-up and top-down projections in the visual ventral stream.
CEREBRAL LATERALITY FOR THE GENERATION OF SILENT AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE IN MALE AND FEMALE RIGHT- AND LEFT- HANDERS: A FUNCTIONAL TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Kondyli Danai , Stathopoulou Daphnee , A. Badcock Nicholas , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta
Published: February 2018

The cerebral lateralization of language has attracted great research interest. Nevertheless, the bulk of the work focuses on language production and comprehension; research on cerebral lateralization during writing is limited.

The present study assessed cerebral lateralization in 60 participants (mean age = 26.65 years, SD = 6.05, range = 20-44), 30 right-handers (14 men) and 30 left-handers (16 men), during written language production by means of functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD) for the first time.

Findings show that left-hemispheric lateralization is observed during silent word production, for both left- and right-handers. However, during written word production, the degree of typical (left) hemispheric lateralization was significantly increased for right-handers, while left-handers presented atypical (right) hemispheric lateralization. Importantly, the difference between silent and written word generation was significantly higher in left- compared to right-handers. No main effect of sex or interactions with sex were observed.

Findings suggest that a wider network of right-hemispheric areas is used during writing in left-handers. Thus, the known differences in cerebral lateralization between right- and left-handers are stronger during written language production. However, the relative contribution of language and motor areas needs to be further elucidated.
Current understanding of allergic march and the role of eczema in its development
Authors: Gwoździewicz Karolina , Cichocka-Jarosz Ewa
Published: February 2018

An increasing morbidity of atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma and allergic rhinitis) documented in large cohort epidemiological studies is at least partially determined by high hygienic standards of living. Over the last 40 years, the accepted concept of pathogenesis of atopic diseases, the so-called atopic march, was proposed by Fouchard in 1973. It referred to the natural history of atopy manifestation, with a typical sequence of symptoms presented as atopic dermatitis in early childhood for subsequent development of allergic respiratory symptoms in late childhood and adolescence. New data suggests that the leading role of atopic dermatitis in atopic march might be less pronounced than previously expected, indicating coexistence rather than succession of atopic symptoms. The objective of this paper is to present the currently discussed concepts of atopic dermatitis – its pathogenesis, etiology, course and role in the development of other allergic diseases. More widely, we will present: 1. The genetic factors involved in skin barrier disruption with the leading role of loss-of-function gene for filaggrin mutation, 2. Genetic defects and epigenetic regulation of the immune system 3. Epidermal changes with physical barrier dysfunction as well as 4. Skin microbiome disturbances with Staphylococcus aureus colonization leading to abnormalities of the epidermal protective barrier.
Potential impact of obligatory use of opioids in invasive procedures on interpretation of experimental data
Authors: Zimecki Michał
Published: February 2018

Application of opioids as an analgesic drug is a common practice in the prevention of pain in patients and experimental animals in highly invasive procedures. Very recently, new legal regulations were implemented that broaden the application of analgesics in procedures where pain relievers have not been previously obligatory. However, in light of hitherto studies, the application of opioids has adverse effects on the condition of animals in experiments. Harmful effects of opioids include: lower intake of water and food, weight loss, increased mortality, susceptibility to infection by experimental pathogens and chemicals inducing pathological changes. The above listed actions, induced by opioids, may significantly affect interpretation of experimental data. The aim of this article is to review selected studies in animal models, mainly on the application of morphine and buprenorphine, including the mechanism of opioid action. Alternative methods of analgesia, involving other types of pain relievers, such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, are also described. Since opioids significantly affect the values of investigated parameters, some experimental procedures should be probably modified in order to lower the detrimental effects of this class of pain relievers. In consequence, new protocols would probably consider the application of lower doses of compounds or pathogens required for the induction of defined, experimentally induced disease states. A wider application of analgesics, of a different mechanism of action than opioids, would also be an alternative.
Brief Report: A Progression of Fraction Schemes Common to Chinese and U.S. Students
Authors: Norton Anderson , Wilkins Jesse L. M. , Xu Cong ze
Published: February 2018

Through their work on the Fractions Project, Steffe and Olive (2010) identified a progression of fraction schemes that describes students' development toward more and more sophisticated ways of operating with fractions. Although several quantitative studies have affirmed this progression, the question has remained open as to whether it is specific to the U.S. classrooms in which these studies were conducted or whether it describes a developmental progression that crosses international boundaries. The purpose of our replication study was to address that question using data gathered from written assessments of 76 5th- and 6th-grade students in China. Results indicate a remarkably similar progression among students in the United States and students in China.
Propagation of polynomial phase space singularities for Schrödinger equations with quadratic Hamiltonians
Authors: Wahlberg Patrik
Published: February 2018

We study propagation of phase space singularities for a Schrödinger equation with a Hamiltonian that is the Weyl quantization of a quadratic form with non-negative real part. Phase space singularities are measured by the lack of polynomial decay of given order in open cones in the phase space, which gives a parametrized refinement of the Gabor wave front set. The main result confirms the fundamental role of the singular space associated to the quadratic form for the propagation of phase space singularities. The singularities are contained in the singular space, and propagate in the intersection of the singular space and the initial datum singularities along the flow of the Hamilton vector field associated to the imaginary part of the quadratic form.
Woronowicz Tannaka-Krein duality and free orthogonal quantum groups
Authors: Malacarne Sara
Published: February 2018

Given a finite-dimensional Hilbert space $H$ and a collection of operators between its tensor powers satisfying certain properties, we give a short proof of the existence of a compact quantum group $G$ with a fundamental representation $U$ on $H$ such that the intertwiners between the tensor powers of $U$ coincide with the given collection of operators. We then explain how the general version of Woronowicz Tannaka-Krein duality can be deduced from this.
МИКРОБИОЛОШКИ КРИТЕРИЈУМИ У ХРАНИ ЗА ЖИВОТИЊЕ – ОСВРТ НА ЛЕГИСЛАТИВУ У БИХ И РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Голић Бојан , Недић Драго
Published: February 2018

Микробиолошки критеријуми у храни за животиње у Босни и Херцеговини(БиХ) дефинисани су Правилником о микробиолошким критеријумима у храниза животиње („Службени гласник БиХ“ број 67/12).Циљ испитивања је процјена здравствене исправности хране за животиње уодносу на дефинисане микробиолошке критеријуме и процјена адекватностилегислативе која се односи на микробиолошке критеријуме у храни за животињеу БиХ и Републици Српској.Као материјал за испитивање кориштени су узорци хране за животињеиспитани у периоду 2014–2016. година, као и важећа легислатива из областихране и хране за животиње у БиХ и Републици Српској.У периоду 2014–2016. године, проценат узорака хране за животиње којије задовољавао микробиолошке критеријуме износио је преко 60%, односнопросјечно 66,34%, док је број незадовољавајућих узорака био испод 40%,односно просјечно 33,66%. Упоредним микробиолошким испитивањем узоракахране за животиње на Salmonella spp. из 25g и 50g узорка, током 2014. године,утврђен је идентичан проценат задовољавајућих, односно незадовољавајућихузорака.Анализом Правилника о микробиолошким критеријумима у храни заживотиње („Службени гласник БиХ“ број 67/12), уочава се постојање већег бројанелогичности и недостатака, како у погледу категорија хране за животиње, такои у вези граничних вриједности, као и метода испитивања. Hису обухваћене свекатегорије хране за животиње нити је прописана минимална количина узорказа испитивање. Правилник о микробиолошким критеријумима у храни за жи-вотиње треба да обухвати све категорије хране за животиње и да узме у обзиртехнолошки процес производње за сваку категорију. Испитивање узорака наClostridium perfringens треба да буде обавезно за све категорије хране за живо-тиње, а и испитивање на токсин Clostridium perfringens и Clostridium botulinum услучају сумње на тровање животиња, и то на захтјев службеног ветеринара иливетеринарског инспектора. Испитивање узорака хране за животиње на коагу-лаза позитивне стафилококе и Staphylococcus aureus не треба да буде обавезно,осим код млијека, млијека у праху и млијечних замјеница намијењених исхранимладих животиња. Код свих осталих врста хране, у случајевима сумње на тро-вање животиња, на захтјев службеног ветеринара или ветеринарског инспекто-ра треба обавезно урадити испитивање на присуство ентеротоксина стафило-кока. Гранична вриједност за Salmonella spp. у храни за животиње треба да буде„одсуство у 25g“, односно маса тест узорка треба да износи 25g. У правилникукоји дефинише микробиолошке критеријуме у храни за животиње потребно једефинисати минималну количину узорка за испитивање, која треба да износиминимално један килограм односно оригинално паковање.
Blending coral restoration science and practice: A novel approach to Acropora population enhancement.
Authors: Levy Jessica S , Ripple Kayla J , Nedimyer Ken , Winters Scott R
Published: February 2018

Florida and Caribbean coral reefs are in a state of unprecedented decline. Reefs once dominated by branching, hard-coral species, Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata, have lost upwards of 98% of Acroporid cover in recent decades. This decline is attributed to multiple, compounding factors. As these threats continue, there is a clear need for innovative methods to bolster remaining populations thus signaling to managers that intervention is needed to support recovery of the species. The urgency around coral decline has prompted practitioners to try a variety of restoration techniques. While promising, efforts need to incorporate best-practices of supporting genetic diversity, ecological function, and resiliency for successful coral restoration outcomes.

Herein we present novel approaches to coral population enhancement (coral restoration) that blend science and practice. Guided by NOAA’s Acropora Recovery Plan, we have implemented an ambitious restoration plan to outplant 50,700 corals using both Acropora species across eight reefs along the Florida Reef Tract. The restoration strategies presented here are designed to meet several population-based recovery objectives and criteria identified in the Acropora Recovery Plan including: increasing abundance, promoting genetic diversity, promoting recruitment, and disease mitigation (as informed by monitoring).
Small tropical islands with dense human population: Differences in water quality of near-shore waters are associated with distinct bacterial communities
Authors: Kegler Hauke , Hassenrueck Christiane , Kegler Pia , Jennerjahn Tim C , Lukman Muhammad , Jompa Jamaluddin , Gärdes Astrid
Published: February 2018

Water quality deterioration caused by an enrichment in inorganic and organic matter due to anthropogenic inputs is one of the major local threats to coral reefs in Indonesia. However, even though bacteria are important mediators in coral reef ecosystems, little is known about the response of individual taxa and whole bacterial communities to these anthropogenic inputs. The present study is the first to investigate how bacterial community composition responds to small-scale changes in water quality in several coral reef habitats of the Spermonde Archipelago including the water column, particles and back reef sediments, on a densely populated and an uninhabited island. The main aims were to elucidate if a) water quality indicators and organic matter concentrations differ between the uninhabited and the densely populated island of the archipelago, and b) if there are differences in bacterial community composition in back-reef sediments and in the water column, which are associated with differences in water quality. Several key water quality parameters, such as inorganic nitrate and phosphate, chlorophyll a, and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) were significantly higher at the inhabited than at the uninhabited island. Bacterial communities in sediments and particle attached communities were significantly different between the two islands with bacterial taxa commonly associated with nutrient and organic matter rich conditions occurring in higher proportions at the inhabited island. Within the individual reef habitats, variations in bacterial community composition between the islands are associated with differences in water quality. We also observed that copiotrophic, opportunistic bacterial taxa were enriched at the inhabited island with its higher chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and TEP concentrations. Given the increasing strain on tropical coastal ecosystems, this study suggests that effluents from densely populated islands lacking sewage treatment can alter bacterial communities that may be important for coral reef ecosystem function.
Antioxidant status of rats’ blood and liver affected by sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles
Authors: Urbankova Lenka , Horky Pavel , Skladanka Jiri , Pribilova Magdalena , Smolikova Vendula , Nevrkla Pavel , Cernei Natalia , Lackova Zuzana , Hedbavny Josef , Ridoskova Andrea , Adam Vojtech , Kopel Pavel
Published: February 2018

Background. The aim of the experiment was to determine the influence of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles on antioxidant status of rats.

Methods. The males of outbreed strain Wistar albino were selected as a model organism. Animals were fed with different forms of selenium. The control group was given mixture without selenium addition, whereas other groups were fed with mixture containing sodium selenite, Se-49 and Se-100 selenium nanoparticles, respectively. The duration of the trial was 30 days.

Results. The analysis of blood and liver was performed where concentration of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and the total selenium content were measured. In liver, a significant reduction in GSSG was found in all experimental groups. Blood samples showed a significant reduction in GSH and an increase in GSSG.

Discussion. These results show that selenium nanoparticles may be an alternative to dietary selenium for the animal organism.
Google Data Studio
Authors: Snipes Genifer
Published: February 2018

Google Data Studio is a new data visualization program designed as a user-friendly tool for representing complex datasets in an attractive and clear fashion. Data Studio’s core function is interpretation of social media and web analytics; however, its support of data sources like MySQL and spreadsheets suggests Data Studio could be used by researchers to interpret their own data in an equally user-friendly fashion. While Data Studio relies on the usual mix of chart and graphs to convey meaning, it enhances them with features including the ability to integrate multiple sources into a single report, dynamic data updating, and interactive visualizations. Data Studio’s support for third-party data sources could use further development; however, it is a promising resource for budding data visualizers.
Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP™) genotyping of 48 polymorphisms at different caprine loci in French Alpine and Saanen goat breeds and their association with milk composition
Authors: Kusza Szilvia , Cziszter Ludovic Toma , Ilie Daniela Elena , Sauer Maria , Padeanu Ioan , Gavojdian Dinu
Published: February 2018

Using a novel and fast genotyping method called Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP™), we carried out a pilot study on 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonging to 40 genes in French Alpine (n = 24) and Saanen (n = 25) goats reared in Romania. Furthermore, the associations of the 13 polymorphic genetic variants with milk production and composition were investigated. Thirty-five SNPs did not show polymorphism in the studied populations. Polymorphic SNPs were detected in the following genes:CAST, CLEC4E, DES, GHRHR, HSP90AA1, IL15RA, IL1RN, IL8, MITF, PPRC1, SOCS3, TNFandTNFSF13. The studied Alpine population was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium at the g.62894878A>G locus (rs671391101) (P < 0.05). The results showed that four SNPsrs671391101(GHRHR),rs640582069(IL1RN)rs635583012(SOCS3) andrs635969404(IL15RA) out of the 13 polymorphic markers were significantly associated with milk production, protein, fat and lactose content in the Alpine breed. However, no significant effect was recorded in the Saanen population regarding milk yield or milk chemical composition. The current results provide new insights for the development of SNP marker-assisted selection technology in the goat industry and confirm the potential of using SNPs for theGHRHR,IL1RN,SOCS3, andIL15RAgenes as candidate genes for selection, highlighting the direct implications of such genes for farm production outputs. The results from this study are relevant for future goat genomic studies and the inclusion of the associated traits into up-to-date selection schemes.
Multiphase Structural Evolution of a Continental Margin During Obduction Orogeny: Insights From the Jebel Akhdar Dome, Oman Mountains
Authors: Grobe A. , Virgo S. , von Hagke C. , Urai J. L. , Littke R.
Published: February 2018

The structural evolution of the carbonate platform in the footwall of the Semail ophiolite emplaced onto the passive continental margin of Arabia helps to better understand the early stages of obduction‐related orogens. These early stages are rarely observable in other orogens as they are mostly overprinted by later mountain building phases. We present an extensive structural analysis of the Jebel Akhdar anticline, the largest tectonic window of the Oman Mountains, and integrate it on different scales. Outcrop observations can be linked to plate motion data, providing an absolute timeframe for structural generations consistent with radiometric dating of veins. Top‐to‐S overthrusting of the Semail ophiolite and Hawasina nappes onto the carbonate platform during high plate convergence rates between Arabia and Eurasia caused rapid burial and overpressure, generation and migration of hydrocarbons, and bedding‐confined veins, but no major deformation in the carbonate platform. At reduced convergence rates, subsequent tectonic thinning of the ophiolite took place above a top‐to‐NNE, crustal‐scale ductile shear zone, deforming existing veins and forming a cleavage in clay‐rich layers in early Campanian times. Ongoing extension occurred along normal‐ to oblique‐slip faults, forming horst‐graben structures and a precursor of the Jebel Akhdar dome (Campanian to Maastrichtian). This was followed by NE‐SW oriented ductile shortening and the formation of the Jebel Akhdar dome, deforming the earlier structures. Thereafter, exhumation was associated with low‐angle normal faults on the northern flank of the anticline. We correlate the top‐to‐NNE crustal‐scale shear zone with a similar structure in the Saih Hatat window to develop a unified model of the tectonic evolution of the Oman Mountains.
Determining Near‐Bottom Fluxes of Passive Tracers in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Bluteau Cynthia E. , Ivey Gregory N. , Donis Daphne , McGinnis Daniel F.
Published: February 2018

In aquatic systems, the eddy correlation method (ECM) provides vertical flux measurements near the sediment‐water interface. The ECM independently measures the turbulent vertical velocities
and the turbulent tracer concentration
at a high sampling rate (> 1 Hz) to obtain the vertical flux
from their time‐averaged covariance. This method requires identifying and resolving all the flow‐dependent time (and length) scales contributing to
. With increasingly energetic flows, we demonstrate that the ECM's current technology precludes resolving the smallest flux‐contributing scales. To avoid these difficulties, we show that for passive tracers such as dissolved oxygen,
can be measured from estimates of two scalar quantities: the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ε and the rate of tracer variance dissipation χc. Applying this approach to both laboratory and field observations demonstrates that
is well resolved by the new method and can provide flux estimates in more energetic flows where the ECM cannot be used.
Forward Modeling of Coronal Mass Ejection Flux Ropes in the Inner Heliosphere with 3DCORE
Authors: Möstl C. , Amerstorfer T. , Palmerio E. , Isavnin A. , Farrugia C. J. , Lowder C. , Winslow R. M. , Donnerer J. M. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Boakes P. D.
Published: February 2018

Forecasting the geomagnetic effects of solar storms, known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is currently severely limited by our inability to predict the magnetic field configuration in the CME magnetic core and by observational effects of a single spacecraft trajectory through its 3‐D structure. CME magnetic flux ropes can lead to continuous forcing of the energy input to the Earth's magnetosphere by strong and steady southward‐pointing magnetic fields. Here we demonstrate in a proof‐of‐concept way a new approach to predict the southward field Bz in a CME flux rope. It combines a novel semiempirical model of CME flux rope magnetic fields (Three‐Dimensional Coronal ROpe Ejection) with solar observations and in situ magnetic field data from along the Sun‐Earth line. These are provided here by the MESSENGER spacecraft for a CME event on 9–13 July 2013. Three‐Dimensional Coronal ROpe Ejection is the first such model that contains the interplanetary propagation and evolution of a 3‐D flux rope magnetic field, the observation by a synthetic spacecraft, and the prediction of an index of geomagnetic activity. A counterclockwise rotation of the left‐handed erupting CME flux rope in the corona of 30° and a deflection angle of 20° is evident from comparison of solar and coronal observations. The calculated Dst matches reasonably the observed Dst minimum and its time evolution, but the results are highly sensitive to the CME axis orientation. We discuss assumptions and limitations of the method prototype and its potential for real time space weather forecasting and heliospheric data interpretation.
Comment on “Relict Basin Closure and Crustal Shortening Budgets During Continental Collision: An Example From Caucasus Sediment Provenance” by Cowgill et al. (2016)
Authors: Vincent Stephen J. , Saintot Aline , Mosar Jon , Okay Aral I. , Nikishin Anatoly M.
Published: February 2018

Plain Language Summary

The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus mountains is the site of a former rift basin. In order to explain shortening deficits, plate deceleration, and the ~5 Ma reorganization of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone Cowgill et al. (2016) proposed that this basin closed ~5 Myrs ago. Within the western Greater Caucasus, at least, careful examination of sedimentological, provenance, and seismic data, however, supports an earlier ~35 Ma basin closure age. Basin closure cannot therefore be the driving mechanism for the ~5 Ma deceleration of the Arabian plate and reorganization of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone.
Religious versus reflective priming and susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy
Authors: Bakhti Rinad
Published: February 2018

The effect of religious priming has been studied in relation to a number of variables, most extensively with prosocial behavior. The effects of priming on cognitive domains, however, are relatively understudied. The present study examined the effects of religious priming, compared with reflective and neutral priming, on the conjunction fallacy. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 priming conditions. Priming was presented through the scrambled sentence task in which participants were required to rearrange words of a religious (e.g., pray), reflective (e.g., reason), or neutral (e.g., paper) content. The conjunction fallacy was measured by a task containing 1 problem. Results indicated that those undergoing the religious prime were significantly more likely to commit the conjunction fallacy compared with those in the reflective priming group. Situations in which reasoning is integral may benefit from knowing the immediate effects of religious versus reflective stimuli in the environment.
An adaptive design for quantized feedback control of uncertain switched linear systems
Authors: Moustakis Nikolaos , Yuan Shuai , Baldi Simone
Published: February 2018

This paper addresses the problem of asymptotic tracking for switched linear systems with parametric uncertainties and dwell‐time switching, when input measurements are quantized due to the presence of a communication network closing the control loop. The problem is solved via a dynamic quantizer with dynamic offset that, embedded in a model reference adaptive control framework, allows the design of the adaptive adjustments for the control parameters and for the dynamic range and dynamic offset of the quantizer. The overall design is carried out via a Lyapunov‐based zooming procedure, whose main feature is overcoming the need for zooming out at every switching instant, in order to compensate for the possible increment of the Lyapunov function at the switching instants. It is proven analytically that the resulting adjustments guarantee asymptotic state tracking. The proposed quantized adaptive control is applied to the piecewise linear model of the NASA Generic Transport Model aircraft linearized at multiple operating points.
SHS Synthesis and SPS Densification of Nanometric Tungsten
Authors: Dine Sarah , Bernard Elodie , Herlin Boime Nathalie , Grisolia Christian , Tingaud David , Vrel Dominique
Published: February 2018

Recent studies show that low grain sizes are favorable to improve ductility and machinability in tungsten, as well as the resistance to ablation and spallation if this material is to be used in thermonuclear fusion environment. However, current production routes are not suitable for the fabrication of large bulk nanostructured tungsten samples. The authors propose here a new methodology based on powder metallurgy, including the powder synthesis by the reduction of tungsten trioxide by magnesium using the Self‐propagating High‐temperature Synthesis process in the presence of a reaction moderator, and the densification procedure. Results show that full tungsten densification may be obtained by SPS at a temperature lower than 1800 °C and that the resulting morphology, keeping a partial nanostructure inherited from the synthesized powders, seems indeed favorable to the use of these materials in fusion environments.
Ultrathin 2D Nonlayered Tellurium Nanosheets: Facile Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation, Characterization, and Photoresponse with High Performance and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Xie Zhongjian , Xing Chenyang , Huang Weichun , Fan Taojian , Li Zhongjun , Zhao Jinlai , Xiang Yuanjiang , Guo Zhinan , Li Jianqing , Yang Zhigang , Dong Biqing , Qu Junle , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han
Published: February 2018

Nonlayered materials are constructed with chemical covalent bonds in all three dimensions, distinct from layered materials, which contain evident structural differences in the horizontal and vertical directions. As a consequence, liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE), a widely explored technique to obtain 2D layered nanoarchitectures, has not yet been fully characterized for the realization of 2D nonlayered nanostructures. Herein, by virtue of a typical chain‐like structure of crystalline bulk Te with strong TeTe covalent bonds in intrachains and weak Van der Waals forces in interchains, ultrathin 2D nonlayered Te nanosheets are realized by means of an LPE method. The resultant 2D Te nanosheets possess a broad lateral dimension ranging from 41.5 to 177.5 nm and a thickness ranging from 5.1 to 6.4 nm, and its photoresponse properties are evaluated using photoelectrochemical measurements. The 2D Te nanosheets exhibit excellent photoresponse behaviors from the UV to the visible regime in association with strong time and cycle stability for the on/off switching behaviors. The fabrication approach of 2D Te nanosheets would arouse interest in exfoliating other nonlayered 2D materials, which would expand the family of 2D materials.
Toward Optimal Performance and In‐Depth Understanding of Spinel Li4Ti5O12 Electrodes through Phase Field Modeling
Authors: Vasileiadis Alexandros , de Klerk Niek J. J. , Smith Raymond B. , Ganapathy Swapna , Harks Peter Paul R. M. L. , Bazant Martin Z. , Wagemaker Marnix
Published: February 2018

Computational modeling is vital for the fundamental understanding of processes in Li‐ion batteries. However, capturing nanoscopic to mesoscopic phase thermodynamics and kinetics in the solid electrode particles embedded in realistic electrode morphologies is challenging. In particular for electrode materials displaying a first order phase transition, such as LiFePO4, graphite, and spinel Li4Ti5O12, predicting the macroscopic electrochemical behavior requires an accurate physical model. Herein, a thermodynamic phase field model is presented for Li‐ion insertion in spinel Li4Ti5O12 which captures the performance limitations presented in literature as a function of all relevant electrode parameters. The phase stability in the model is based on ab initio density functional theory calculations and the Li‐ion diffusion parameters on nanoscopic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of Li‐ion mobility, resulting in a parameter free model. The direct comparison with prepared electrodes shows good agreement over three orders of magnitude in the discharge current. Overpotentials associated with the various charge transport processes, as well as the active particle fraction relevant for local hotspots in batteries, are analyzed. It is demonstrated which process limits the electrode performance under a variety of realistic conditions, providing comprehensive understanding of the nanoscopic to microscopic properties. These results provide concrete directions toward the design of optimally performing Li4Ti5O12 electrodes.
Conducting Helical Structures from Celery Decorated with a Metallic Conjugated Polymer Give Resonances in the Terahertz Range
Authors: Elfwing Anders , Ponseca Carlito S. , Ouyang Liangqi , Urbanowicz Andrzej , Krotkus Aru–nas , Tu Deyu , Forchheimer Robert , Inganäs Olle
Published: February 2018

A method to decorate cellulose‐based helices retrieved from the plant celery with a conductive polymer is proposed. Using a layer‐by‐layer method, the decoration of the polyanionic conducting polymer poly(4‐(2,3‐dihydrothieno [3,4‐b]‐[1,4]dioxin‐2‐yl‐methoxy)‐1‐butanesulfonic acid (PEDOT‐S) is enhanced after coating the negatively charged cellulose helix with a polycationic polyethyleneimine. Microscopy techniques and two‐point probe are used to image the structure and measure the conductivity of the helix. Analysis of the optical and electrical properties of the coated helix in the terahertz (THz) frequency range shows a resonance close to 1 THz and a broad shoulder that extends to 3.5 THz, consistent with electromagnetic models. Moreover, as helical antennas, it is shown that both axial and normal modes are present, which are correlated to the orientation and antenna electrical lengths of the coated helices. This work opens the possibility of designing tunable terahertz antennas through simple control of their dimensions and orientation.
Bio‐inspired Highly Scattering Networks via Polymer Phase Separation
Authors: Syurik Julia , Jacucci Gianni , Onelli Olimpia D. , Hölscher Hendrik , Vignolini Silvia
Published: February 2018

A common strategy to optimize whiteness in living organisms consists in using 3D random networks with dense and polydisperse scattering elements constituted by relatively low refractive index materials. Inspired by these natural architectures, a fast and scalable method to produce highly scattering porous polymer films via phase separation is developed. By varying the molecular weight of the polymer, the morphology of the porous films is modified, and therefore their scattering properties are tuned. The achieved transport mean free paths are in the micrometer range, improving the scattering strength of analogous low refractive index systems, e.g., standard white paper, by an order of magnitude. The produced porous films show a broadband reflectivity of ≈75% while only 4 µm thick. In addition, the films are flexible and can be readily index‐matched with water (i.e., they become transparent when wet), allowing for various applications such as coatings with tunable transmittance and responsive paints.
Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Amorphous Polymer Poly(Styrene Sulfonic Acid) in Air in the Dry Solid State
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Tsuchida Hiromu , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada‐aki , Taema Ai , Ono Toshikazu , Sugimoto Manabu , Mizuno Motohiro
Published: February 2018

Polymer‐based room‐temperature‐phosphorescent (RTP) materials are attractive alternatives to low‐molecular‐weight organic RTP compounds because they can form self‐standing transparent films with high thermal stability. However, their RTP lifetimes in air are usually short (<≈0.4 s). Here, the simple organic amorphous polymer, poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), exhibits an ultralong RTP lifetime in air when desiccated. The maximum lifetime is 1.22 s, which is three times that of previously reported RTP amorphous organic polymers. The lifetime can be controlled by the PSS molecular weight and by the ratio of sulfonic acid groups introduced into the polymer. The dry polymers should enable unprecedented molecular engineering in organic molecule‐based optoelectronic devices because of the self‐standing and thermal stability attributes.
A Capsule‐Type Microrobot with Pick‐and‐Drop Motion for Targeted Drug and Cell Delivery
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Kim Soyeun , Kim Sangwon , Kim Jin‐Young , Moon Cheil , Nelson Bradley J. , Choi Hongsoo
Published: February 2018

A capsule‐type microrobot exhibits “pick‐and‐drop” (P&D) motion to hold a particle within a confined volume and transports it via a corkscrewing motion. The P&D motion is possible because the capsule‐type microrobot has two parts: a plunger and a cap. The fabricated microrobots are wirelessly controlled by a magnetic manipulator. Drugs or cells can be encapsulated in the container of the capsule‐type microrobot by the P&D motion or attached to the surface of the cap, which can be used as a supporting structure. Therefore, the capsule‐type microrobot can deliver suspended or adherent cells. The drug or cells are minimally exposed or not completely exposed to the surrounding fluid and do not experience shear force when encapsulated in the container. As a proof‐of‐concept, secure transportation of microparticles in the confined volume of the capsule via P&D motion is demonstrated. In addition, the cap is used as a scaffold for neuronal cell culture on a rat brain slice to demonstrate its biocompatibility and feasibility for targeted cell delivery. The proposed capsule‐type microrobot is suitable for diverse applications, as it protects the encapsulated materials.