bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOUND MORPHEME ANALYSIS OF TWITTER TRENDS ABOUT KAKAO M ISSUE
Authors: Amalia Irene Kendy
Published: October 2024

Morphemes are the smallest part of languages that forms a word or sentence. Morphemes are root words or affixes that build a new word with a detailed meaning or new meaning. In linguistic, morphemes small part that is important to make a meaningful sentence both literally and figuratively. There are many kinds of morphemes, one of them is bound morpheme. In social media, especially Twitter, which emphasizes authorship and reading content, bound morphemes are vital to building posts or threads. Many posts or threads from this platform show us the issues in our country or around the world. More often, the issues discussed by Twitter users faster becomes a trending topic in search pages and bars. For example, a few days ago, there were controversies between two music platforms and companies. Kakao M and Spotify. This two platform does something controversial and makes them as one of trending topics in worldwide. In the posts, it contains so many morphemes that build the words and threads.  Especially the bound morpheme.
Preposition Of Place Analysis As Linguistics Research In Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
Authors: Sekartadji Larasati , Yunia Farah Dita
Published: October 2024

This study will discuss the preposition of place in the novel Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 which is known to be able to apply the proper use of the preposition of place in English. A preposition of place is a preposition that refers to a place in a sentence. The purpose of the preposition of place is to show the way the object of the preposition is against the subject or object of the sentence. The reason for choosing Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 as the data source is because in this novel many sentences use prepositions to describe places. The results of the prepositions of place that appear from the identification of data in the novel Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 include at, in, on. The most widely used preposition of place in this novel is "in". The importance of novels for EFL Learners is to increase reading skills by reading the novel itself. This research method is descriptive qualitative which will be used to analyze how many prepositions of place words are displayed
CORPUS LINGUISTICS RESEARCH: ANALYZE THE USE OF LINKING VERB IN CNN ARTICLES
Authors: Firdaus Farhan
Published: October 2024

In this article, the researcher will discuss linking verbs. Linking verbs are verb that fills in as an association between a subject and additional data about that subject. This article will discuss the use of linking verbs in some news articles on CNN.com. This research was carried out to fulfill the Corpus Linguistic task given to us as English Department Tidar University students. I choose CNN.com because CNN.com is one of the largest mass media in the world. Mass media that was first initiated by Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld and first launched in 1980 and is a subsidiary of WarnerMedia is also the first TV channel that broadcasts news 24 hours non-stop. Researchers use qualitative descriptive method to knows how often the linking verb is used in CNN.com news article. The result shows that CNN.com use linking verb like “is” (300), “are” (212), “be” (173), “was” (169), “have” (142), “were” (65), “will be” (33), “get” (25), “has been” (24), “come” (14), “keep” (13), “could be” (13),  “does” (9), “remain” (8), “felt” (8), “act” (7), “had been” (7), “became” (5), “has become” (5) in more than 30 news article in there.Keywords: linking verb, CNN.com, news article
Analysis of Demotivation Factors in Learning English of Senior High School Students
Authors: Nugraheni Annisrina Fajri , Ismariyanto Arda Mageso , Indriani Lilia
Published: October 2024

Learners' motivation has long been recognized as a critical element influencing the rate, success, and failure of second/foreign language learning. On the other hand, demotivation is considered the inverse of motivation and has a detrimental impact on language learning processes and outcomes. This study aims to determine the most influential cause of demotivation in adolescents aged 16-18 years learning English. It also studied the frequency and order of relevance of the demotivating variables to determine which aspects are the most significant and their relationships to the learners' gender and degree of education. The subjects used in this study were high school students who, on average, had the same background.
CORPUS LINGUISTICS RESEARCH: ANALYZING THE USE OF THE DEGREE OF COMPARISON IN WESTERN SONG
Authors: Fadillah Dini Nurlailla , Indriani Lilia
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe degree of comparison is either of the studies of grammar. It is a part of the subjects in corpus linguistics. The degree of comparison is a grammar term to denote a comparison. In comparing degrees of adjectives or adverbs, the form changes according to the level of comparison. The research is analyzing the use of the degree of comparison in western songs. The western song is very well-known in many, especially those with teenagers. New, several applications using western songs for blending. Initial positive and age-appropriate experiences with music have a considerable effect on English Foreign language learning, including pronunciation, vocabulary, comprehension, and expression. The research goal is to find the degree of comparison in western songs to help learn English for EFL. This research utilizes the descriptive qualitative method there is data collection to convey the result.
Corpus Linguistics Research: Prefix Analysis on Technological Article from abcnews.go.com
Authors: Cahyo Rizky Dwi
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn affix is a morpheme attached to a word's root to make a new or word form. There are two kinds of affixes, the first is a bound morpheme that comes after the root of a word and is called suffix, and the second is, bound morpheme that comes before the base of the word is called prefix. Prefix process in English relating to negative and positive prefixes. The example of the negative prefix is in, un, dis, mis, and ill. While positive ones such as out, re, super, multi, under, and over. This paper aims to get information about prefixes in the technological article. abcnews.go.com is one of many big websites that contain the newest articles and news around the world. This study concludes that the readers expected to know about prefixes.
ANALYSIS THE USE OF PLURAL NOUNS IN “SELECT READINGS’ BY LINDA LEE AND ERIK GUNDERSEN
Authors: Senjani Aulia Putri
Published: October 2024

This research aims to search into one of the most commonly found forms of a plural noun in the book "Select readings" by Linda Lee and Erik Gundersen. During this article, the author focuses on plural nouns. The author uses qualitative descriptive techniques in locating knowledge. Rodney (2005: 83) defines that noun may be a grammatically distinct class of words that incorporates those denoting all types of object, like persons, animals, and inanimate objects. According to (Frank 1972:13), nouns in inflections are nouns with particular plural ending, like -s/-es/-is. The plural noun encompasses an operation of the noun as having over one person/animal/object/idea. In writing, this study will build textbook readers "Select Readings" in designate the plural noun. Then choose "Select Readings" by Linda Lee and Erik Gundersen for EFL as preparation material for such tests as TOEFL, IELTS, etc. The“Select Readings” contains reading and exercise texts..
Corpus Linguistic Research: Analyze The Use of Possessive Pronoun in P.S I Still Love You Novel By Jenny Han
Authors: Nalindra Eksita Duta
Published: October 2024

In this article, the researchers talk about the possessive pronoun found in a novel by Jenny Han entitled "P.S I Still Love You". The possessive pronoun is a type of pronoun that shows something that belongs to someone. There are 2 types of a possessive pronoun, which are possessive pronoun (absolute possessive pronoun) and possessive adjective (weak possessive pronoun). The possessive pronoun includes my, mine, your, yours, our, ours, his, her, hers, its, their, and theirs. This research using the descriptive qualitative method to help this analyses. In this research, the researcher showed the possessive pronoun that appeared in the P.S I Still Love You, a novel by Jenny Han. The researcher also divided it into its type.
THE IMPACT OF SPOTIFY ON EFL LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Sari Meina Nurfika , Indriani Lilia , Safiroh Sindi Dian
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Spotify on EFL Listening comprehension. Spotify is an application for listening to English songs to determine what words the singer said and the song's meaning. The researcher uses a qualitative research design—the data taken from questionnaire to fifth-semester English Department Students in University through google form. The objectives are: (1) to investigate the impact of EFL listening comprehensions through Spotify. According to the findings, Spotify has a significant effect on EFL students' listening comprehension. Furthermore, the questionnaire results revealed that students have a favourable attitude toward the use of Spotify in listening exercises. Spotify, according to participants, provided active learning, exciting activities such as listening to music with lyrics and also meaningful podcasts, which made them feel more motivated to learn English. This study suggested that teachers use Spotify to teach listening because of its effectiveness as a technology-based learning tool.
DEIXIS INVESTIGATION IN SHAKIRA ISABEL’S SPEECH ABOUT EDUCATION CHANGES THE WORLD
Authors: Azzahra Heldina
Published: October 2024

The research aims to investigate the types of deixis used by Shakira Isabel in her speaking for global quality education at the WISE conference in Qatar. This research is based on the theory that reveals by Levinson (1983). This study has differences from previous research in terms of data analysis theory. In previous studies, researchers used theories from Yule (2014), Yule (1996), and C.S Peirce, while this study used theory from Levinson (1983). The object of this research is the speech transcript of Shakira Isabel. The researcher applied descriptive qualitative research. This study was classified as documentary research since the data was taken from a document or written text that is a speech transcript. The research showed 139 data with 96 (69%) person deixis, 2 (1%) place deixis, 10 (7%) time deixis, 17 (12%) social deixis, and 14 (10%) discourse deixis. Therefore, it can be said that Shakira Isabel’s speech at the WISE conference in Qatar tends to use the person deixis as the dominant type of the other types.
THE ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS OF GRADE 5 ENGLISH TEXTBOOK BASED ON K13
Authors: Trisnanto Yoni Dian
Published: October 2024

The difference between the K13 and the previous curriculum lies in the assessment process. In K13, three domains determine the value of teachers for their students, namely knowledge, attitudes, and skills. This study will focus on the assessment process, which relates to the three domains. It is a qualitative study that is explained descriptively. The result shows that this book was not fulfilled the syllabus points of the 2013 curriculum because some topics are not suitable with a syllabus of the 2013 curriculum.
The Analysis of Inflectional Morpheme in "The Red Shoes" by Hans Christian Andersen
Authors: Kamila Rahma
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe language must be understandable because it addresses the purpose and the message conveyed. Words have an important role in the development of language. Words become the basis of every existing linguistic element, for example from words to sentences, sentences to paragraphs or speech. This word is about morphology because it affects spelling, reading comprehension and vocabulary. To understand the meaning of vocabulary, language users must especially acquire knowledge of morphology inflectional morphemes. This study analyzes both morphemes that appear in the poetry "The Red Shoes' ' by Hans Christian Andersen. The purpose of research is to find the most inflectional morphemes that often appear in the works of Hans Christian Andersen's poetry and also develop the process of morphemes. This study applied a qualitative method. The result of this study revealed that from 142 words which contain inflectional morphemes, the most frequent type of morpheme that appeared in the poetry was plural using suffix -ed, which is found in 61 words. This research also found 7 types of inflectional process such as third-person singular, past tense, progressive, past participle, plural, comparative, and superlative. The purpose of this research is to increase students' vocabulary and become teaching materials for teaching.
The Role of Board Gender Diversity, Age Diversity, and Foreign Experience on CSR
Authors: Utami Devi Wahyu , Doddy Setiawan
Published: October 2024

This research aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the role of board gender diversity, age diversity and foreign experience on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This research was conducted on property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2018-2022. The research sample obtained 210 observations taken through purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out using regression analysis with Stata software. The research results prove that board gender diversity has a negative influence on CSR, age diversity has a positive influence on CSR and foreign experience has an influence on CSR.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND POVERTY
Authors: Isnowati Sri , Masdjojo Gregorius N. , Prabowo Rokh Eddy
Published: October 2024

Poverty is a problem in developing countries. Poverty alleviation requires comprehensive and integrated handling, because this problem is multysectoral and multidimensional. This study aimed to analyze the effect of government education, health, and infrastructure expenditures on poverty in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The data in this study was the pooling data from 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province from 2018 to 2020. The data analysis method in this study is multiple regression analysis with panel data. The results of the analysis show that the regression coefficient for the variable government spending on education was negative.  Health expenditure has a negative effect on poverty levels.  Public work expenditure has a negative effect on poverty levels in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This policy implies that the role of local governments is very large in reducing poverty in Central Java, so a larger budget is needed to reduce poverty in Province of Central Java.
FINANCIAL DISTRESS: CONSUMER CYCLICALS SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED IN THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Oktavia Indri , Nurhadianto Toni , Susilo Ghina Fitri Ariesta
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to prove empirically the effect of risk management disclosure and debt policy on financial distress. The data used in this research was secondary data obtained from company annual reports. The technique of the sample selection used was purposive sampling method resulting a total of 61 sample data on consumer cyclicals sector companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2019-2021. The method used was logistic regression with SPSS version 25 as the data analysis tool. The results of this research proved that the debt policy variable has a significant positive effect on financial distress, while the risk management disclosure variable has no effect on financial distress.
REGIONAL ECOSYSTEM OF USED COOKING OIL (UCO) MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Dewi Dian Ayunita Nugraheni Nurmala , Iskandar Deden Dinar
Published: October 2024

Indonesia is listed as the world's most used cooking oil (UCO) producing country. Biodiesel from UCO blends is claimed to have lower carbon emissions. A regional scale of sustainable UCO collection and processing ecosystem needs to be established to enhance the role of local authorities in the circular economy. Central Java has the potential for ecosystem planning for UCO management with a circular economy approach. Central Java Province has a total UCO potential of 36,217 kilo liters and can be used for biodiesel potential of 27,094 kilo liters per year. If it is assumed that the processing cost is IDR 9,000.00/liter. The biodiesel production cost for a year is IDR 243.86 trillion/year. Total revenue assumption of IDR 298.04 trillion/year (base price IDR 11,000.00/liter). The profit gain is IDR 54 trillion/year or IDR 4.5 billion/month. The B/C ratio of biodiesel processing is 0.22 and is considered profitable. This program is called Turn Oil On (TOOn).
Keywords: Used cooking oil, Biodiesel, Circular economy, Central Java
ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT MODELS FOR THE GOVERNMENT SPENDING QUALITY AND ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
Authors: Darma Amdi Veri , Fauzi Pahrul , Alfarisy M. Farid , Arifin Agus , Firdauzi Indrawan , Ilma Ajeng Faizah Nijma
Published: October 2024

The absence of quality spending become the main reason for government failed to provide multiplier in achieving its economic objectives. The phenomenon of budgetary slack will be likely to occur if there is no any standard to control government expenditure's success. This study aims to provide a method to identify the effectiveness of government budget by Comparing Sustainable Development Indicators as outcome and government expenditure relative to its economy as output. We also measure the rasio of government expenditure to its revenue sources as indicators of budget efficiency. Using 2021 data of SDGs indicators and government budget (both at central and regional or province government level) we found that both at the national and regional levels, the spending had been quite effective. Meanwhile for the level of budget efficiency, the central government is quite efficient, while some of regional governments were not.
COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DESTINATION MANAGEMENT IN SOMBU TOURISM VILLAGE, WAKATOBI
Authors: Fajri Devy Dwi
Published: October 2024

Wakatobi is one of priority destinations in Indonesia that is famous for its beauty of underwater paradise. Most of its tourism destinations are managed using community-based tourism concept and one of them is Sombu tourism village in which its management is done by several community organizations and the village headman. However, its tourism activities haven’t showed significant increase that is seen from the low number of tourists visit to the village. Descriptive qualitative approach was applied in this research and the data was collected through observation, interview, and focused-group discussion which later validated using data triangulation. The result showed that there has not been any structured tourism village’s management organization since the village was established. This causes the unclear of task and responsibility of village’s managers. Current tourism management is performed separately by several community organizations and the village headman. Therefore, tourism destination management which can unite tourism managers to synergize is necessarily needed by the village, so the aim of tourism management to elevate social welfare can be achieved.
NAVIGATING ECONOMIC TIDES: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF EXPORTS, EXCHANGE RATES, AND CORRUPTION ON INDONESIA'S FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
Authors: Prijanto Whinarko Juli , Laksono Bagus Adhi
Published: October 2024

One indicator that reflects the stability of the economy in a country is foreign exchange reserves. Foreign exchange reserves serve as the savings and accumulation of a country's income over a specific period. This research study is conducted with the aim of elucidating the phenomena and the impact of exports, exchange rates, and corruption on foreign exchange reserves. The ECM model analysis is employed because it is suitable for the type of data used, namely time series data from 1998 to 2022. The results of this research indicate that, from a long-term perspective, the main factors influencing foreign exchange reserves are exports and corruption, while in the short term, exports and exchange rates are the primary factors affecting foreign exchange reserves.
PERCEPTION DIMENSIONS OF THE USE OF ELECTRONIC PARKING IN TRADITIONAL MARKETS AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME
Authors: Ani  , Purnomo Rochmat Aldy , Cahyono Yeni , Riat Winarno Asis , Hamidah Choirul
Published: October 2024

Electronic parking is one of the public service innovations that has the potential to increase local revenue in Ponorogo Regency. This innovation takes the form of an application that regulates parking in market areas that tend to be congested by utilizing technology such as parking sensors and applications, drivers can easily find available parking spaces and make payments electronically and also manually. The phenomenon in market parking management research is that it is not yet optimal in terms of service to the community and maximizing regional income from the market parking levy sector. This research aims to examine the dimensions of public perception regarding the use of market electronic parking as a strategy to increase Regional Original Income and evaluate user perceptions of the trust and economic benefits of electronic parking at Tonatan Market, Ponorogo. This research uses a method with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique uses an interactive approach using triangulation techniques such as observation, interviews, questionnaires and document retrieval. Samples were taken from Tonathan market parking users totaling seven informants. The research results show that there are people who support and do not support electronic parking innovation. The Department of Trade, Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises of Ponorogo Regency also supports the innovation of electronic parking because it can increase regional income.
IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON INDONESIA ECONOMIC GROWTH: INTERMEDIATION MODELS WITH FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINT
Authors: Nopiah Ririn , Ekaputri Retno Agustina , Barika Barika , Febriani Ratu Eva
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered economic shocks that adversely affected the global economy. Economic growth contracted significantly. Restrictions on economic activity trigger people's shopping behavior to switch to non-cash and online systems. E-commerce, as one part of digital economic transformation, has experienced a significant increase which impacts the flow of dissemination of ideas, innovations, and information, thus encouraging economic growth. This study analyzes the Impact of e-commerce on economic growth in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic using intermediation models and fixed effect analysis. The results show that e-commerce negatively and significantly impacts economic growth during 2019 and 2021. Because e-commerce stimulates economic growth in a country but needs to be supported by quality infrastructure, quality broadband internet, online security (cyber security), and digital payment systems (e-payment). The variables of online financing, efficiency of government spending, length of schooling, and number of tourists have a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, the poverty rate and human development index have a negative and significant effect. In maximizing e-commerce activities in Indonesia, strong support and collaboration from the government, financial institutions, and the Ministry of Communication and information technology are needed.
HOW DOES THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AFFECT THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF DEMAK REGENCY?
Authors: Soekarno Caroline , Soni Agus Irwandi  , Siti Sumiati  , Sri Umiatun
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by the phenomenon that the area of ​​agricultural land in Demak Regency has changed the function of the land, from paddy fields to non-rice fields in the form of housing and industry. Changes in land use are thought to be due to rob, abrasion, land acquisition for the Semarang-Demak toll road. The agricultural sector was originally the leading sector/base sector in Demak Regency, then slowly shifted to the industrial sector. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of the agricultural sector in Demak Regency. This research method uses SWOT analysis which has been modified by using the Demak Regency stakeholder questionnaire and spatial data analysis approach using maps processed by GeoDa. The results of the analysis show that from 2017 to 2021, Demak Regency, based on the Klasson Typology, is included in the criteria for a developed but depressed area. This means that the economic growth of Demak Regency is developing in accordance with the existing geographical conditions. The superior agricultural production in Demak Regency is rice, corn, sweet potato, cassava, peanuts, green beans, soybeans, and cassava sorghum. Based on a SWOT analysis with threats to the agricultural sector in Demak Regency in the form of ROB floods, abrasion, reduced use of paddy fields to non-rice fields, prices of agricultural products that do not break even point, Demak Regency policies adopting agricultural intensification strategies, and agricultural extensification policies.
Effectiveness of ESG Performance Evaluation in Improving Corporate Sustainability: A Mixed Method Approach
Authors: Prabowo Arwan , Anggoro Yudo
Published: October 2024

The growing importance of global competition force companies not merely to sustain productivity and financial growth and plan for long-term competitiveness. Therefore, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, which guide companies in incorporating sustainability into their business practices, play a      pivotal role in navigating the complexities of sustainable operations. Effective ESG performance evaluation is crucial in resolving business concerns. Accordingly, this research aims to analyze the most suitable approach to materializing and addressing ESG issues in corporate strategies. The proposed research methodology combines qualitative and quantitative analyses, including interviews, thematic analysis, and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The findings reveal that the Integrated Approach is the most effective strategy, with a weight of 24.1%, comprehensively balancing environmental, social, and governance priorities. The Stakeholder-Based Approach is also considered important, with a weight of 23.8%, emphasizing stakeholder engagement and collaboration. Meanwhile, the Compliance-Based Approach and the Opportunity-Based Approach exhibit lower effectiveness. This research contributes to a profound understanding of ESG performance evaluation, implementation strategies, and the role of sustainability in driving long-term business success while positively contributing to the environment and society. The limitations of the research and directions for future research are also discussed.
Archetype-based Life-Cycle Assessment of National Residential Building Stocks: Resource Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Western Asia and Northern Africa
Authors: AKIN Sahin , Eghbali Aida , Nwagwu Chibuikem , Hertwich Edgar
Published: October 2024

AbstractBuildings are significant consumers of natural and manufactured resources, contributing heavily to environmental impacts, especially in rapidly urbanizing regions like Western Asia and Northern Africa (WN). This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of residential building stocks in 19 countries across these regions, utilizing an archetype-based, bottom-up stock modeling approach. By integrating life cycle analysis (LCA) with building energy models via BuildME, the study estimates the material, energy, and greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) intensities associated with various residential building types. The analysis reveals that 64% of total annual GHG emissions from residential buildings stem from energy use, with the proportion reaching as high as 90% in Qatar, while in Georgia, it accounts for 38%. Oman has the highest per capita material use at 3 t/capita/year, largely due to the dominance of spacious villas, while Kuwait shows the highest per capita emissions at 5 tCO2eq/capita/year, significantly outpacing countries like Morocco and Syria. The study also finds that while single-family houses are the least emission-intensive per square meter, they exhibit the highest emissions per unit. These findings provide critical insights into the resource use and environmental impact of residential buildings in WN, considering the region's diverse climatic, architectural, and economic contexts.Policy RelevanceThe results of this study hold significant implications for policymakers in WN as they address the environmental impacts of rapid urbanization and growing residential building stocks. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted policies that focus on reducing energy use in residential buildings, particularly in energy-intensive countries like Qatar and Kuwait. Policymakers should prioritize the development of energy-efficient building codes, incentivize the adoption of low-emission technologies, and promote sustainable building practices that minimize material use. The study also underscores the importance of considering both per unit and per square meter emissions in policy frameworks, especially in countries like Oman and Kuwait, where large, energy-intensive homes dominate. By leveraging the region-specific insights provided by this research, governments can design more effective strategies for reducing GHG emissions and resource use in residential sectors, contributing to broader climate change mitigation efforts.
Children learn what is right or wrong selectively from a legitimate authority’s punishment
Authors: Lee Young-eun , Radkani Setayesh , Saxe Rebecca
Published: October 2024

Children must learn the norms of their society. One source of information is observing parents, teachers and other authorities to see which behaviors they punish. We test the hypothesis that young children selectively learn that punished actions are wrong, only when they deem the punisher to be legitimate. Across three pre-registered studies, 6- to 11-year-old children (n=196) in the United States heard vignettes in which an authority decided whether to punish another character for doing an unfamiliar action, and reported how right or wrong the unfamiliar action was. In Studies 1 and 2, older children (age 9-11 years), but not younger children (age 6-8 years), learned norms selectively from punishment by legitimate authorities. In a more familiar context with teachers as authorities (Study 3), younger children also learned selectively from legitimate authorities. We discuss the critical role of legitimacy in children’s learning of socio-moral norms from punishment.
Efficient Ransomware Detection through Dynamic File System Traffic Analysis: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Sarewap Robert , Muller Patrick , Baker Timothy , Dupont Michael , Steinberg William
Published: October 2024

Ransomware continues to evolve as one of the most severe threats to modern digital infrastructures, frequently bypassing traditional security mechanisms through increasingly sophisticated obfuscation techniques. A novel approach for combating ransomware leverages real-time dynamic file system traffic analysis to detect malicious behaviors before significant damage is inflicted. The proposed system operates through continuous monitoring of file system events and process interactions, classifying activity as either benign or ransomware-related through machine learning models trained on feature-rich datasets. This approach demonstrates substantial improvements in detection accuracy, especially against zero-day ransomware variants, and efficiently reduces both false positives and false negatives. Furthermore, the system maintains low computational overhead, making it suitable for deployment in environments requiring real-time protection. Through its ability to adapt to new ransomware behaviors without manual updates, the system offers a scalable and effective solution for ransomware detection, providing robust defense in both enterprise and resource-constrained environments.
Fashion, Fast or Slow? Effects of binary and graded eco-labels on sustainable clothing purchases
Authors: Timmons Shane , Shier Adam Joachim , Poluektova Olga , Lunn Peter D
Published: October 2024

Excess clothing consumption severely harms the environment, through greenhouse gas emissions, resource degradation and water pollution. For consumers, however, the trade-off between this environmental impact and the convenience of “fast fashion” is hidden at the point of purchase. We present a pre-registered, experimental test of two clothing eco-labelling systems using a large, representative sample of consumers (N = 1,200). Participants used a simulated online clothing store, with some chosen at random to receive their selected items. They were randomised to see (i) a binary label, informed by existing policy, applied to the most sustainable products, (ii) a colour-coded, graded “eco-score” applied to all products, or (iii) no label. Compared to the control condition, participants exposed to binary label chose 10% more sustainable products. Eco-score participants, however, chose 20% more, and were twice as likely to exclusively buy the most sustainable products. There was no effect on the number of items purchased, implying a shift towards more sustainably produced clothing. Exploratory analyses revealed that the effects were driven by greater salience of the eco-score system and that effects were stronger among those most concerned about the environment. Those who saw the eco-labels reported the same level of shopping satisfaction and willingness to wear selected clothes as those in the control condition. Additional findings revealed a general underestimation of clothing production's environmental impact and strong support for implementing the eco-score both online and in-store. The results have implications for enabling informed consumer choice in the clothing market.
CORTEX-II: A randomized trial to test the effectiveness of multi-modal cognitive training on yearlong physical activity self-regulation among middle-aged adults
Authors: Mullen Sean Patrick , LUO YAN , Makhambetova Kamila , Lin Xuan , Shen  , Baizhan Darkhan , Thomas D. David , Phansikar Madhura , Canton Imani , Taggart Adam , Adamek John F , North Jonathan R. , Bullard Tiffany , Palac Daniel , Cohen Jason , Kramer Arthur , Buckley Jude , Lussier Maxime , McAuley Edward
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the effectiveness of a multimodal cognitive training program for increasing physical activity engagement among middle-aged adults. Low-active adults (N=233; Mage=46.7) predominantly non-Hispanic (92.3%), White (81.1%), female (65.6%) with a college degree (74.7%) were recruited to participate in a 13-month study. Participants completed a battery of assessments (psychosocial, neuropsychological, and physical functioning) at baseline and subsequently were randomly assigned to receive 20 hours of cognitive training via Games (stationary computerized tasks emphasizing executive functioning and exerciser self-certainty, and exergaming with dual-task components; n=118) or attention-control health educational Videos (n=115). Training was split across five 2-hr lab sessions (overall adherence=98.3%), followed by five 2-hr home sessions. Among Games, 81.4% fully complied with our exergaming protocol (lab & home) and 88.4% completed the cognitive training protocol. Video engagement was assessed via accuracy to attentional checks (Ms=82.4% accuracy in lab, 82.0% accuracy at home). The primary outcome was physical activity engagement (PAE), a latent factor based on physical activity steps & moderate intensity minutes derived from yearlong Fitbit step recordings, visitations & classes, & Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire). As hypothesized, Bayesian multiple-indicator, multiple-cause model analysis indicated a significant group effect (PAE score M±SD is 4.20±1.02 in Games and 3.77±0.92 in Videos; Cohen’s d=0.19 and one-sided p= 0.03) after adjusting for a set of background variables. Based on 58.4% respondents to our study evaluation survey, 87.3% enjoyed the intervention they were part of, 87.4% enjoyed the yearlong exercise program, and 97.1% would recommend it to friends/family. Only 4.1% of study completers were able to guess the study's true purpose. Results associated with hypothesized mechanisms of behavior change, including cognitive functioning and psychosocial outcomes, will be discussed. Our findings replicated our previous trial and show reliable effects for promoting exercise engagement within an unsupervised community-based exercise program for middle-aged adults.
Does Guilt Motivate Prosocial Behavior at the Expense of Others? Preregistered Replications and Exploratory Statistical Modeling
Authors: Kinosada Yasunori , Furukawa Yoshiya , Wakai Taisei , Nakashima Ken'ichiro
Published: October 2024

Guilt is recognized as a social and moral emotion that drives prosocial behavior, typically through actions to repair relationships with victims, often at a personal cost. Prior research has yielded mixed results regarding compensatory behavior: In some instances, guilt prompted individuals to redirect resources away from unrelated others (observed in the Netherlands) or from themselves (observed in Romania and Japan) to compensate the victim. This study aimed to address these inconsistencies through two preregistered replication experiments, examining the role of relational mobility as a potential moderating factor across different cultural contexts. Contrary to initial findings, our results from Experiment 1 in Japan (n = 254), Experiment 2 in Japan and the Netherlands (n = 263 and 300, respectively), and an exploratory statistical modeling revealed a consistent pattern where guilt led to compensation directed at the victim, sacrificing own resources, irrespective of the country or levels of perceived relational mobility.
Feminist Perspective of Community Development Practices in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Bandana , Timsina Tirtha Raj , Khatri Bishnu Bahadur
Published: October 2024

Feminist perspective of community development encompasses the gender sensitive development practices to ensure the equitable share of benefits and progress to all community members regardless of gender disparity. This research paper aims to examine the current status of gender inequality and the application of feminist principles into community development initiatives in Nepal as a pathway for achieving gender equality. This paper has prepared in a descriptive research design which is based on the secondary information collected from different scholarly published sources such as journal article, edited books, publication of government and other organization along with online database through official websites of respective organizations, Google scholar, NepJOL and so on. The findings reveal that incorporating feminist principles in community development practices can result in positive outcomes such as increased participation of women and leadership in decision-making processes and improved access to resources and services. It concludes that incorporating feminist principles into community development initiatives can play pivotal role in achieving gender equality, reduced gender-based violence and promoting inclusive and sustainable development in Nepal. Therefore, the study suggests that it is essential to implement targeted capacity-building programs to empower women with essential skills and knowledge, ensuring their active participation and leadership in community development initiatives to promote gender equality and inclusive progress in Nepal.
Eco-consciousness in Andrew Marvell’s The Garden
Authors: Joshi Deepak
Published: October 2024

This paper explores ecological and environmental issues in Andrew Marvell’s poem, “The Garden.” The purpose of this paper is to subvert the anthropocentric world view by juxtaposing the Eco-centric world which provides ultimate pleasure to human beings. This paper employs qualitative and interpretative method to analyze the poem. The researcher has examined the poem from the perspective of Eco-criticism. Distancing himself from the anthropocentric world-view, Marvell highlights the Eco-centric world in order to valorize the beauty and serenity of nature. Marvell glorifies nature and natural beauty by using metaphysical conceits. The poem displays superiority of nature over trivial human culture. In addition, it shows eternity of nature by contrasting it with the transitory nature of human world. The garden is a place for refreshment and nourishment; it stands for innocence, solitude and recreation. Mistaken by the temptation of the material world, the poet seeks peace and pleasure in the human company. However; he finds such blissful states in the lap of nature. Marvell’s critique of anthropocentric and glorification of bio centrism opens an avenue for the critiques who are interested in integrating literary texts with the Environmental Studies. Thus; the present reading of the poem unveils the Eco-conscious elements of the poem from the lens of Eco-criticism.
Comparison of Volleyball Skills of Rural and Urban Students in Bardiya
Authors: Bohara Kishore , Bhatt Gita , Chiluwal Shailendra , Thapa Suresh Bahadur
Published: October 2024

This study aims to compare the volleyball skills of rural and urban secondary school students in Bardiya district. A descriptive research method was employed, and respondents were selected using a random sampling technique. The AAHPER volleyball skill test, a standardized assessment tool, was utilized, comprising four specific skills: volleying, serving, passing, and setting. To analyze the data, various statistical techniques were applied as required. Each test item was compared separately between the rural and urban groups. The findings indicated that the mean scores of rural school students were higher for all four skills. A Z-test was conducted to determine the significance of the differences, revealing significant differences in each skill item. The study concluded that rural secondary school students in Bardiya district possess better volleyball skills compared to their urban counterparts. This conclusion is based on the higher mean scores and significant differences observed in the AAHPER volleyball skill test items. These findings suggest that rural students may have more opportunities or better conditions for developing their volleyball skills compared to urban students in this region. The findings of this study may be helpful to the coaches and selectors of players of volleyball game to find new players who possess potentiality to be good player of the game.
Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis and Associated Factors Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Mahakali Provincial Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Bohara Madan Singh , Ojha Ramesh Chandra
Published: October 2024

The study aims at assessing the prevalence of RR-TB and identify associated factors among pulmonary TB patients using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay data from January to December 2023. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health threat, with rifampicin-resistant (RR) strains presenting a formidable challenge to disease control efforts. This study based the retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Mahakali Provincial Hospital in Nepal. Out of 2587 presumptive TB cases, 11.8% were confirmed positive for TB, with males constituting a significantly higher proportion (66.1%) than females (33.9%). Among TB-positive cases, 3% showed resistance to rifampicin, predominantly affecting males (77.8%). Age group analysis revealed higher TB detection rates in the 46-60 years group, while rifampin -resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB) cases were more evenly distributed across age groups without statistical significance. Ethnicity and residential locality did not show significant associations with RR-TB. Multivariate logistic regression highlighted gender as RR-TB and associated factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a Mahakali Provincial Hospital, Nepal. Rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) remains a significant challenge at Mahakali Provincial Hospital, with a 3% prevalence, predominantly affecting males. Gender is a key factor in RR-TB prevalence. To manage and reduce RR-TB effectively, it is necessary to implement targeted interventions for high-risk groups, particularly males, and to enhance diagnostic capabilities.
Does Declining Female Labour Force Participation Result in Fewer Gender Gaps?
Authors: Jain Swati
Published: October 2024

South Asia has the second highest gender gap in8 major regions in the world. The highest gender gaps are for economic participation and political empowerment. Economic participation and opportunities grow as more women pursue professional and technical education. The over-all gender gap has marginally declined from 54.08 in 1998 to 50.8 in 2021. This indicate that the progress has been remarkably slow in terms of female labour force participation, with India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Maldives on the lowest side. While South Asia is the fastest-growing region globally, the female labour force participation rate is only 23.6% versus 80% for men. There is a significant negative relationship between the two variables. With every increase in per capita income level in South Asia, labour force participation shows an inverted U relationship. This contradicts the empirical estimations in the literature showing a U shape relationship. The main finding is that gender gaps in employment, job characteristics, and working conditions are growing as per capita incomes rise. Further, per capita, income growth speeds up the reduction process of gender inequality and gender gaps. This again confirms the proposition that labour force participation does not directly lead to reduction in gender gaps. Reduction in gender gaps does lead to increased labour force participation. Effective implementation of gender-centric policies, creating a level playing field for women, accelerates the process of gender balanced opportunities and outcomes. Technological interventions cannot act as a substitute for policy interventions.
Assessing the Dynamics of the Financial Viability of Eleven-Seater Public Battery Electric Vehicles in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Anurag
Published: October 2024

Public electric vehicles have been identified to make notable contributions to sustainable development and climate change mitigation among other goals. In Nepal, public battery electric vehicles (BEV) are becoming mainstream in certain segments of the market. With that, there are also several systemic challenges that could halt this momentum. This calls for understanding their viability and how they are impacted by interactions and interdependencies between various components of the public BEV ecosystem and the environment around it. The purpose of this study is to conduct a total cost of ownership (TCO) analysis of public BEVs in Nepal and assess sensitivities resulting from the interlinkages and changes in key factors.
The study prepared a financial model for a TCO estimation of an intercity public electric microbus (EMB) model in Nepal and compared it with a diesel microbus (DMB). Guided by a system thinking framework, sensitivity analyses were done to provide broad insights into financial viability.
The TCO of the EMB was found to be lower than that of its diesel counterparts. That said, the sensitivity analyses show that there are several factors that could affect the financial viability of public EMBs. Overall, it was seen that the EMBs are more resilient to change than the diesel variants. Financial viability is one of the key factors for vehicle adoption by businesses. Policymakers and practitioners can use systemic perspectives to have a well-rounded approach to supporting BEVs’ growth. The proposed framework aims to help gather such perspectives.