bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP80: Impact of Customized Physician Stroke Orders on Length of Stay and Metric Compliance
Authors: Patterson Michele , MOORE TRACY , Sanchez Briana
Published: January 2025

Background:
Comprehensive Stroke Center [CSC] identified opportunity to decrease stroke patient length of stay [SP-LOS]. Customized physician stroke orders [C-SO] had been developed and mandated to improve stroke work-up and timeliness of care while also ensuring stroke metric compliance [SMC]. It was identified that C-SO utilization was inconsistent and either generic stroke orders [G-SO] or no stroke orders [N-SO] were used. C-SO auto checked [AC] consults upon admission for Neurology, Dietary, Respiratory Therapy/Smoking Cessation Education, Case Management/Depression Screening, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Admit blood glucose, HgA1C, lipid panel, morning labs, antithrombotic, antipyretics, rehab services evaluations, stroke education, and follow-up instructions for early discharge [DC] planning were also AC.

Purpose:
Evaluate impact of C-SO, G-SO, and N-SO on SP-LOS and SMC.

Method:
Retrospective review of 443 stroke records [SR] with DC to home, inpatient rehabilitation facility [Rehab], and skilled nursing facility [SNF] was conducted. Records were evaluated for admit orders and grouped by C-SO, G-SO, or N-SO. Groups were compared to evaluate the impact on average SP-LOS and SMC.

Results:
C-SO resulted in reduced average SP-LOS for all groups when compared to G-SO or N-SO with the largest reduction in DC home. C-SO were associated with higher SMC in all groups with the highest in DC home and Rehab. Although SMC with G-SO DC Rehab was 100% this accounted for 1 SR.

Conclusion:
Reduced SP-LOS is associated with decreased cost of care and prevention of complications associated with longer stays. C-SO with AC reduced SP-LOS by facilitating efficient stroke work up with timely consultations/evaluations ordered upon admission, streamlined stroke care related to labs, medications, education and early DC planning. In addition, C-SO positively impacted SMC.
Abstract WP85: Mindfulness-Based Recovery from Stroke
Authors: Tompkins Erin , Gray Lori
Published: January 2025

Background:
Resilience is gaining traction in management of chronic disease. The chronic stroke population are less resilient than the general population with an inverse relationship of resilience to psychological conditions. As research is emerging, a gap exists in interventional strategies to foster resilience in stroke survivors. One effective approach proposed through is an adaptive mindfulness-based intervention.

Purpose:
What are stroke survivors' experiences of resilience and quality of life in chronic stroke and does this change after participation in the Mindfulness based Recovery from Stroke program?

Methods:
A convergent multistage mixed methods pilot study design was conducted of two cycles of eight purposively chosen ischemic stroke participants. An 8-week adapted Mindfulness Based Intervention was developed and led by a stroke survivor to assess feasibility, resilience, and quality of life. A mix of data was conducted by focus groups, Stroke Specific Quality of Life and the Brief Resilience Scale. A case study of extreme resilience of one participant with his caregiver was conducted by four separate interviews.

Results:
Three primary initial themes from the pilot study were determined as 1) Barriers to Resilience, 2) Facilitators through Mindfulness-Based Recovery from Stroke, and 3) Experienced Related Outcomes. Extreme resilience was described in the case study 1) Antecedents to Post Stroke Resilience, 2) The Obstacle is the Way, and 3) Embodied mindfulness that permitted insight into behavior, to drop the notion of getting back to the pre-stroke state and moving beyond. The selective code working toward a grounded theory is *Sand Mandala, the essence of resilience, growth, and thriving after stroke. Final grounded theory analysis with survey results will be made available by the end of 2024.

Conclusions:
The program was valued and recommended as an integral part of stroke recovery specifically related to the supportive community, the trustworthy nature of the facilitators and the adaptive content. Unanimously, the participants felt this program fulfilled an unmet need in traditional stroke rehabilitation. An example of extreme resilience in the sub study provides further dimensions to the conceptualization of resilience and qualities that are beneficial in supporting recovering. Tailoring interventions to build resilience should continue in an engaging manner to adapt to the diverse and unmet needs of stroke survivors..
Abstract WP86: Large Vessel Occlusion Intervention Pathway Decreasing Door to Puncture And Reperfusion Times
Authors: Rivera Ashley , Johnson Morgan , Wright James , Jacobs Pamela , Harper Amber , Wilson Kayla
Published: January 2025

Background:
During continuous quality improvement review, multidisciplinary opportunities were identified to help improve the care of large vessel occlusion (LVO) patients across several departments within the study institution. Major stakeholders met to develop a distinct pathway for these patients including streamline activations, participation of anesthesia, and defined roles and responsibilities for all departments involved in the care of these patients.

Purpose:
With an overarching goal to decrease door-to-puncture times, several opportunities were identified as part of the ongoing review process. Opportunities included: streamlining the activation of LVO interventions, decreasing activation times of the interventional radiology team, participation of anesthesia in all LVO cases, as well as forming an interdisciplinary approach for patient transfer to the interventional suite. In efforts to streamline the inter-departmental care, clear and defined nursing responsibilities and roles were delineated in the pathway.

Methods:
An LVO pathway was developed with the interdisciplinary team including stroke program coordinator, managers and executive leadership, neurologists, interventional radiologists, emergency and critical care physicians, pharmacists, and nursing. Defined nursing roles included transport of the patient from the emergency department to the interventional suite, response to the interventional suite by the critical care team, preparation of the patient, anesthesia roles, and transport of the patient to critical care post-thrombectomy.

Results:
Data was reviewed for one year prior to LVO pathway implementation and one-year post-implementation to include a total of 156 cases. The median door-to-puncture time one year prior to the LVO pathway was 115 minutes compared to 87 minutes post implementation, a 24% decrease (Table 1). During intervention debriefing review it has been identified by the team that the delineated roles, specifically during transportation and arrival to the interventional suite has greatly impacted our overall door-to-puncture times.

Conclusion:
The utilization of an LVO pathway to include assigned nursing roles was instrumental to decreasing door-to-puncture times at the study institution. This pathway may be generalizable to other large, academic tertiary referral institutions to promote optimal outcomes in this critical patient population.
Ten-Year Trends in Last Known Well to Arrival Time in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: 2014 to 2023
Authors: Ferrone Nicholas G. , Sanmartin Maria X. , O’Hara Joseph , Ferrone Sophia R. , Wang Jason J. , Katz Jeffrey M. , Sanelli Pina C.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Many national initiatives focus on promoting early hospital arrival of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) because treatment effectiveness is time-dependent. However, several studies reported time-delays in hospital arrival, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our purpose was to evaluate the 10-year trends in last known well to arrival (LKWA) time and assess disparities in patients with AIS.

METHODS:

A retrospective study of consecutive patients with AIS in the United States admitted to a large, socioeconomically diverse health care system in the New York metropolitan area was performed from 2014 to 2023. LKWA time groups were categorized according to treatment eligibility: 0 to 4.5, >4.5 to 24, and >24 hours. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment utilization, and modified Rankin Scale at discharge were extracted from electronic health records. Trend, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS:

A total of 11 563 patients with AIS were included with 53% (6163) LKWA 0 to 4.5, 34% (3988) LKWA >4.5 to 24, and 12% (1412) LKWA >24 groups. From 2014 to 2023, there was a significant downtrend in the early LKWA 0 to 4.5 (61%–46%) with uptrends in the later LKWA >4.5 to 24 (31%–43%) and LKWA >24 (8%–11%) groups (
P
<0.001). In the LKWA >4.5 groups, the gap widened between racial categories after COVID (2021–2023;
P
=0.004). Compared with LKWA 0 to 4.5, the LKWA >4.5 to 24 group was less likely to receive endovascular thrombectomy (
P
<0.001) and more likely to have worse outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, 2–5;
P
<0.001). LKWA >4.5 groups were more likely to be older >80 years of age (odds ratio, 1.33 [95% CIs, 1.11–1.58]), men (1.11 [1.03–1.20]), Black patients (1.21 [1.09–1.34]), Asian patients (1.20 [1.03–1.39]), Medicaid insurance (1.18 [1.08–1.29]), and low-income <$80 000 (1.39 [1.20–1.61]).

CONCLUSIONS:

In the past decade, there was a significant uptrend in patients with AIS arriving in the late LKWA >4.5 groups. Socioeconomic disparities were observed with a persistent uptrend in non-White patients in the late LKWA >4.5 groups after the COVID pandemic. These findings highlight the need to implement targeted efforts to improve disparities in LKWA time in patients with AIS.
Impaired Resting State Functional Connectivity in CADASIL Mutant Mice
Authors: Aykan Sanem Aslihan , Lai James Han , Sugimoto Kazutaka , Aykan Orhan , Fung Wai Yee , Ho David , Joutel Anne , Sakadzic Sava , Chung David Y , Ayata Cenk
Published: January 2025

Background:
Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy, subcortical infarcts, and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most prevalent monogenic inherited cause of cerebral small-vessel disease. Despite its prevalence, there is currently no proven therapy to prevent or reverse the progression of the disease.

Methods:
This study aimed to characterize the functional integrity of long white matter tracts in CADASIL transgenic mice, both with and without focal white matter lesions in the corpus callosum added on, utilizing optical resting-state functional connectivity imaging alongside behavioral examinations. Additionally, we examined the efficacy of tocotrienol, a neuroprotective derivative of vitamin E derived from palm oil, which has shown promise in preventing white matter disease progression in clinical trials involving patients with small vessel disease.

Results:
At baseline, resting-state inter and intrahemispheric functional connectivity was significantly lower in Notch3R169C than in Notch3WT (p=0.004), and the grid walk test revealed a higher number of foot faults in the Notch3R169C group compared to Notch3WT. Sex did not interact with the genotype on the primary outcomes. Introducing a lesion in the corpus callosum compromised functional connectivity and behavior outcomes in both genotypes to a similar extent; lesion volumes did not differ between the genotypes. Tocotrienol treatment did not show any protective effect on any endpoint.

Conclusion:
These data show impaired resting-state functional connectivity and increased foot faults in the Notch3R169C mutant model of CADASIL. Future work will aim to test therapeutic or preventive interventions in CADASIL mutants using these measures.
An Ex-Ante Analysis of the Effect of Morocco’s Commitment to African Continental Free Trade Area on Trade with African Countries, Using Panel Data
Authors: Fakhouri Mohamed Yassine , Ait soussane Jihad , Mansouri Zahra
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an ex-ante analysis forecasting the potential effects of the full implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on trade between Morocco and other African countries. Using panel data from 53 African countries over the period from 1990 to 2022, and employing Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), the findings indicate that a 1-point reduction in the average weighted and effectively applied tariff on Morocco’s exports to African countries is associated with a 0.6 % increase in exports. Similarly, a 1-point reduction in the average weighted and effectively applied tariff on Morocco’s imports from African countries results in a 0.45 % increase in imports. These findings suggest that the effective implementation of AfCFTA could improve Morocco’s trade balance with African countries in the long run.
Understanding the motivations and barriers to adoption of environmentally sustainable activities around Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Ainebyona Bruce , Kendall Corinne , Flauro Aimee , John Tinka , Folta Elizabeth , Perry Laura
Published: January 2025

Kibale National Park (KNP) is a biodiversity hotspot. Covering 795 km2 it is home to the most diverse population of primates in Africa including 13 species and the largest populations of Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in East Africa. Rural communities around the park rely heavily on subsistence agriculture and natural resources that surround the park for survival. Population density near the park is greater than 300 people per kilometer, exacerbating pressure on natural resources around and within the park. UNITE for the Environment (UNITE) is a conservation organization working with KNP that provides communities with conservation education programs that address local environmental needs and promotes sustainable solutions to support the protection of this important primate habitat. In prior work, UNITE found considerable variation in how well these sustainable activities are adopted. To understand the factors that influence uptake of different sustainable practices by households, we conducted a community survey on participants’ motivations and barriers. Results highlight a number of factors influencing adoption including education and awareness, access, convenience, economic and direct benefits associated with the practices as well as community influence. These results imply that efforts to promote the widespread adoption of sustainable practices should focus on creating more awareness on sustainable behaviors in the targeted communities, which can change their perceptions and attitudes towards the practices and emphasize the direct benefits that arise from adoption of such practices.
Power Dynamics and Gender Discourse
Authors: Muchova Adela
Published: January 2025

This text explores the anti-gender mobilisation initiatives by certain representatives of the Catholic hierarchy within the Czech media between 2010 and 2022. Drawing from contemporary sociological studies, it recognises anti-gender phenomena as interdisciplinary and transnational. Through an analysis of Czech case studies, the text highlights parallels with other European contexts, such as the utilisation of homophobic and conspiratorial rhetoric, while also noting significant differences, particularly the limited audience in a predominantly secular Czech society. By addressing the portrayal of the Catholic Church concerning issues of homophobia and gender inequality, it posits that the current landscape—where concerned women and minorities are often underrepresented in discussions about the church—reflects broader structural challenges tied to clericalism and hierarchicalism. It calls for meaningful dialogue about the church’s public rhetoric to encourage further discussion on gender issues within the institution, along with the appropriate use of theological anthropology and communication strategies.
Who Creates the World Author?
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle
Published: January 2025

Connecting translation studies and authorship studies, this article offers a theoretical framework for a sociology of world literature, which can enrich the research program on world literature established by Pascale Casanova, David Damrosch, and Franco Moretti. A sociological perspective needs to consider the network of individuals and institutions which contributes to the making of world authorship. If Bourdieu asked: “who created the creator?”, this paper asks: “who created the world author?” Focusing on literary translations, the paper makes first some theoretical propositions to distinguish different categories of actors which take part in transcultural (inter)mediation: intermediaries, translators and mediators. It then examines their respective roles in the two stages of production and reception of literary translations.
1. Conserving penguins via land and sea protection
Authors: Garcia Borboroglu Pablo , Reyes Laura M.
Published: January 2025

Pablo Garcia Borboroglu and Laura M. Reyes detail their work on Magellanic Penguins in Patagonia. Massive loss and alteration of key nesting rookeries due to coastal ranching led to dramatic declines in the number of nesting penguins. Initial efforts sought to discover and protect these rookeries. But the authors also found critical losses at sea when parents forage to provision their chicks. Solutions to these issues required not only good science, but clever integration with local land owners, fishers and government.
7. Leadership in the global commons: Protecting the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Brooks Cassandra , Weller John B.
Published: January 2025

Cassandra Brooks and John Weller, take these arguments to a global scale by addressing ecosystem-based approaches to management in the Antarctic Ocean. This ocean is the least impacted by people in the world but is vulnerable to growing human impacts due to fisheries, climate change, tourism, and more. It is also home to a unique biota, and an even more unique governance structure. Under the Antarctic Treaty, the entire continent and surrounding waters are internationally-managed—with no national holdings or exclusive economic zones. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources (CCAMLR) includes 26 nations and the EU. This body decides by consensus how various international waters will be used or protected. These authors describe the leadership in these global commons that led to the implementation of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area.
17. Blue Justice principles for small-scale fisheries in marine protected areas
Authors: Chuenpagdee Ratana , Jentoft Svein
Published: January 2025

Ratana Chuenpadgee and Svein Jentoft provide a thorough global review of governance in small-scale fisheries. They focus both on formal ‘top-down’ governance in a variety of different settings and countries, but they also review various forms in informal ‘bottom-up’ governance that have proven effective in many cases. There are many ways for governance to fail, but also many ways for combinations of formal and informal governance to promote sustainability for local social-ecological systems. The authors emphasize emerging approaches to ‘Blue Justice’ principles that seem to be spreading in small-scale fisheries, particularly those associated with marine protected areas.
21. Diversity in marine science
Authors: Griffith Aliyah
Published: January 2025

Aliyah Griffith is CEO and founder of Mahogany Mermaids, an organization formed to encourage young people of color to enter the fields of aquatic science and conservation, which she writes about in this chapter.
24. Conclusion
Authors: Crowder Larry B.
Published: January 2025

Larry B. Crowder is Edward Flanders Ricketts Professor of Marine Ecology and Conservation, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University. He started the first course in Marine Conservation in 1997 at Duke University Marine Lab and Co-Edited the first textbook in Marine Conservation in 2005 (Norse and Crowder. 2005. Marine Conservation Biology. Island Press, Washington, DC. This chapter outlines vision for global, transdisciplinary approach to designing pathways to solutions in marine conservation.
An Idealized Parameter Study of Destabilization and Convection Initiation in Coastal Regions. Part II: Onshore Synoptic-Scale Flow
Authors: Boyer Christian H. , Keeler Jason M.
Published: January 2025

While it has been established that pronounced sea-breeze fronts (SBFs) develop under conditions of weak or offshore flow, with the SBF serving as a focus for convection initiation (CI), less is known regarding CI processes during large-scale onshore flow, including the potential existence and influence of embedded SBFs. Challenges that have limited progress in addressing this question include the limited focus on cases under this flow regime and the coarse grid spacing used in prior model-based parameter studies, artificially decreasing the magnitude of convergence or thermodynamic gradients associated with the SBF and potentially leading to substantial errors in the representation of surface fluxes. In Part II of this two-part series, the authors address these prior challenges through execution of a suite of Cloud Model 1 (CM1) large-eddy simulations analyzing the impact of varying the magnitude of the onshore wind component (+2.5 and +5.0 m s−1), and radiative forcing and water surface temperature consistent for summertime in the Great Lakes region. In all simulations, a mesoscale enhancement of onshore flow and return flow was present, with a thermal gradient and convergence collocated with the leading edge of this enhanced flow providing evidence for the presence of a diffuse yet discernible SBF. The SBF progressed inland and separated areas where CI did and did not occur, highlighting the need for increased focus on SBFs and CI in this less-studied flow regime. In conditions of weak onshore flow, surface-based CAPE was larger, CI was more common, and it occurred closer to the coast.
An Idealized Parameter Study of Destabilization and Convection Initiation in Coastal Regions. Part I: Calm or Offshore Synoptic-Scale Flow
Authors: Boyer Christian H. , Keeler Jason M. , Rakoczy Brian C.
Published: January 2025

The influence of large bodies of water on convection initiation (CI) and the environment in which convection evolves is highly complex due to the wide range of parameters that control relevant processes. A substantial focus of sea-breeze front (SBF) CI research has focused on the role of mesoscale boundary or organized boundary layer circulation interactions with SBFs; however, less research has focused on heterogeneities in convective parameters and how those may affect CI coverage, timing, and location. In this two-part series, the authors present a parameter study of SBF CI through Cloud Model 1 (CM1) large-eddy simulations across a parameter space varying the cross-shore wind component and radiative forcing and water surface temperatures consistent with June, July, and August in the Great Lakes region. In Part I of this series, simulations under conditions of calm, weak, and moderate offshore flow (0, −2.5, and −5.0 m s−1) are presented. CI occurred in all calm simulations, with decreased coverage and frequency of CI in weak offshore flow. CI was least frequent during moderate offshore flow, despite stronger convergence, due to a shear profile that favored undercutting by the SBF under conditions of moderate offshore flow. Surface-based convective available potential energy (SBCAPE) maxima developed on the cool side of the SBF, with convection occurring on the cool side of the SBF in some cases. Analyses are presented with a focus on the nature of the SBF, distribution of convective parameters, and their implications on CI.
Short Breaks During the Workday and Employee-Related Outcomes. A Diary Study
Authors: Albulescu Patricia , Macsinga Irina , Sulea Coralia , Pap Zselyke , Tulbure Bogdan T. , Rusu Andrei
Published: January 2025

In contemporary, high-speed work settings, ensuring the well-being of employees is of paramount importance. The current study builds on this concern about employee well-being and aims to explore the complex connection between workload (as a job demand), micro-breaks (as behavioral resources), and psychological capital (PsyCap; as a personal resource) to understand their impact on end-of-day well-being. A daily diary approach was employed, where employees provided data from Monday to Friday throughout a workweek. Micro-breaks exhibit significant negative associations with fatigue and positive associations with vigor, suggesting that employees experience reduced fatigue and heightened vigor when engaging in short respites. However, the type of micro-break activities (work-related or non-work-related) yields distinct effects on well-being. Contrary to our expectations, the data did not support the assumption that PsyCap moderates the relationship between workload and well-being. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing the value of micro-breaks in the contemporary work landscape. Employers and organizations can foster more supportive work environments by encouraging the adoption of micro-breaks as a strategy for improving employee well-being.
More-than-human centred reflection: Addressing the fiction of reflective practice in teacher education
Authors: Oates Catriona , Mynott John Paul
Published: January 2025

This paper seeks to extend the debate around the contested concept of the ‘reflective practitioner.’ This concept has influenced practice-based learning across a range of disciplines, including social work, nursing and teaching and although assumptions are commonly made about its value to the developing practitioner, it has also been subject to critique. From the perspective of Scottish teacher-education, we propose moving beyond commonly accepted reflective practices to arrive at a reframing of it as a ‘more than human’ (Strom and Viesca, 2021) endeavour, in a way that decentres the practitioner from the process of reflection. We firstly consider some benefits and limitations of commonly used, human-centric models of reflection in teacher education; both in practice and in regulation. We then use two familiar classroom scenarios to demonstrate how these models of reflection can constrain the reflective process, and student-teachers’ agentic possibilities. We explore how a theoretical reframing of the problem through connectivism (Downes, 2007; Siemens, 2005), offers a fresh perspective that challenges the practitioner to reflect in multiple dimensions; on their means of connecting with others and the ‘matter’ of their practices – the material, physical and conceptual objects that are drawn into the orbit of the day-to-day work of teaching and learning. The proposed approach invites student-teachers to decentre themselves from their reality and consider a range of realities, allowing their reflections to more genuinely, critically and authentically reflect the realities of their experiences in the classroom. Although situated in the context of Scottish teacher education, this provocation offers fresh consideration of a problem that is currently of relevance to student-teachers and those involved in teacher education in both a UK-wide and international context.
Revisiting urban governance in China: The manifestation of entrepreneurial neo-managerialism in shantytown redevelopment in Luzhou
Authors: Jin Yi , Shin Hyun Bang
Published: January 2025

Recently, China’s central government initiated a series of social policies to alleviate social disparities, providing opportunities to revisit state entrepreneurialism, which is known to have long prevailed in China’s urban governance since the economic reform. By probing into a case of shantytown redevelopment in Luzhou, Sichuan Province, we assert the importance of considering state entrepreneurialism in relation to the state’s managerial pursuit. That is, an actually existing mode of urban governance may be characterised by the shifting dynamics between a managerial and entrepreneurial endeavour of the local state. Viewed this way, we argue for the manifestation of what we conceptualise as entrepreneurial neo-managerialism through the analysis of the shantytown redevelopment at the local scale. In the context of a shrinking discretional space under the power recentralisation of the central state that strives to avoid its legitimacy crisis, the local state, while still under the influence of its entrepreneurial logic of land-based accumulation, enhances its managerial role to respond to the top-down demands of social redistribution from the central state, devising a sophisticated redistributive mechanism of resource allocation. Through these findings, we hope to contribute not only to the literature on China’s state entrepreneurialism but also to the broader urban governance literature by resurrecting the importance of the managerial role of the state.
Adaptive fixed-time control for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown covariance noise
Authors: Wei Zhicheng , Min Huifang
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the issue of adaptive fixed-time control for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown covariance noise. First, we derive a significant corollary regarding fixed-time stability in stochastic nonlinear systems. This corollary provides the minimum bound for the settling time, which is a crucial parameter in assessing the system’s performance and stability. The adaptive control strategy is used to compensate the detrimental effect caused by unknown covariance noise. Then, in order to ensure the fixed-time stability of the closed-loop system, an adaptive state-feedback controller is constructed by utilizing backstepping method and the adding a power integrator technique. Moreover, the settling time estimate provided by the proposed control law is less conservative, meaning it allows for a more accurate prediction of the actual settling time compared to more traditional approaches. Finally, the simulation results are presented to verify the correctness of our theoretical results proposed in this paper.
Taxes, Trading, and the Value of Real Estate
Authors: Scholes Myron S. , Terry Eric , Wolfson Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Models of optimal trading strategy for real estate typically compare the benefits of stepping up the depreciable basis of property against the cost of depreciation recapture and capital gains taxes. These models routinely predict holding periods that are much longer than those that actually occur. Although this predictive failure can be explained in part by the omission from these models of nontax motivations for property turnover, we argue that an important taxfeature has also been ignored: namely, the special treatment accorded installment sales under Section 453 of the Internal Revenue Code.

We demonstrate that when installment sales of property are used, predicted property values and turnover rates increase significantly prior to the 1986 Tax Reform Act. In contrast, installment sales are shown to have only minor impact after the 1986 Act. To derive our results, we rely on a simple dynamic programming model that determines both optimal trading strategies and market values. We also cite empirical evidence that supports our model.

We further investigate the sensitivity of property market values and turnover rates to the magnitude of nontax transaction costs that are incurred when investors trade real estate. Here we show that when installment sales are ignored, transaction costs have very little effect on property values and turnover rates because recapture taxes and capital gains taxes are, by themselves, sufficient to deter frequent sales. But when installment sales are introduced, market values and turnover rates become quite sensitive to the size of the nontax transaction costs.
Emerging therapeutic strategies in Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer and the role of MMR testing
Authors: Negro Silvia , Perissinotto Eleonora , Mammi Isabella , Crivellari Gino , Schiavi Francesca , Cappello Filippo , Spolverato Gaya , Ferrari Davide , Rausa Emanuele , Vitellaro Marco , Fassan Matteo , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Mannucci Alessandro , Lonardi Sara , Bergamo Francesca , Urso Emanuele D.L.
Published: January 2025

Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary cancer predisposition, accounting for 1-5% of colorectal cancer cases, and is driven by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Despite established diagnostic criteria, such as the Amsterdam guidelines, Lynch syndrome remains largely underdiagnosed. To address this gap, universal tumour screening has been introduced for all newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, significantly improving early detection. The surgical management of colorectal cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome remains controversial. While extended colectomy reduces the risk of metachronous colorectal cancer, surgical strategies must be carefully individualised based on patient-specific factors. Chemoprevention with aspirin has shown promise in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, with ongoing trials investigating optimal dosing. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has revolutionised the treatment of Microsatellite Instability-High/deficient Mismatch Repair colorectal cancer, offering durable responses and significant survival benefits. In addition, the neoadjuvant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is paving the way for non-surgical interventions, potentially transforming the management of colorectal cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome. A multidisciplinary approach and continued research are essential to optimise cancer prevention, treatment and quality of life for people with Lynch syndrome.
Beat perception in polyrhythms is influenced by spontaneous motor tempo, musicianship, and played musical style
Authors: Stupacher Jan , Møller Cecilie , Celma-Miralles Alexandre , Vuust Peter
Published: January 2025

No two people perceive the same music alike. This may apply especially to polyrhythms, which consist of two or more rhythms with indivisible regular pulses, such as three over four (3:4). Either of these pulses can be perceived as the underlying beat. Previously, we showed that people naturally tap along to pulses that can be subdivided into groups of two or four equally spaced units (i.e., binarized pulses). This propensity for binarized pulses is reduced when the opposite pulse admitting ternary subdivisions is pitched lower. However, individual factors may modulate these binary and low-pitch preferences. Therefore, we examined the influence of spontaneous motor tempo (SMT), musicianship, played instrument, and played musical style on beat perception in 2:3 and 3:4 polyrhythms. Participants with slower SMT synchronized their tapping with slower metrical levels of the pulses admitting binary subdivisions, suggesting that the natural pace with which we move through the world is linked to our perception of musical tempo. In addition, classical musicians were more likely to synchronize with lower pitched pulses than pop/rock musicians when the low pitch was in the pulse admitting ternary subdivisions. This suggests that enculturation in specific musical styles shapes how pitch and rhythm influence beat perception.
Wind power prediction with accurate identification of ramp events based on Interval-SMOTE oversampling and ensemble learning
Authors: Han Ying , Wang Xuemeng , Li Kun
Published: January 2025

Wind power ramp events (WPREs) are small probability events with serious wind power fluctuations, and it is one of the important factors leading to security accidents in the power grid. Firstly, given the small-sample nature of WPREs, this paper introduces an Interval-SMOTE oversampling method to increase the data points for ramp events; the generated points are confined within a dynamically adjusted interval that evolves with each iteration, thereby ensuring the maximum preservation of the original data trends. Then, in order to improve the detection efficiency of WPREs, an integration of Swinging Door Trending (SDT) algorithm is proposed to accurately identify the existing ramp events and non-ramp events in the original wind power sequence. Moreover, considering different types of WPREs, two different modeling methods of Stochastic Configuration Networks (SCNs) and Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory (BiLSTM) are employed to handle this problem. Due to the stochastic configuration and supervised mechanism of key parameters, SCNs can provide significant advantages in handling large samples, so it is applied to build the model of non-ramp events; as the unique structures of bidirectional processing of information, the BiLSTM has better ability in mining small sample information, so BiLSTM is applied to build the model of ramp events. The prediction results from the two models are then weighted to obtain the final results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sampling method enhances accuracy metrics by 0.43% and 3.72% in different wind farms; specifically, regarding prediction accuracy as measured by RMSE, the proposed SCNs-BiLSTM model outperforms comparative models by 3.88% and 15.49% across various wind farms.
Traffic Operations Analysis of Seven New Alternative Intersections with Three-Phase Traffic Signals
Authors: Mehrara Molan Amirarsalan , Rasdorf William , Hajbabaie Ali , Edwards Hayden , Osafo-Gyamfi Stephen
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a traffic operational comparison of seven new alternative signalized intersection designs with three critical phases: 1) offset thru-cut, 2) thru-cut, 3) seven-phase, 4) redirect left and through from one minor road (redirect L&T), 5) reverse reduced conflict intersection (reverse RCI), and 6) and 7) two new versions of partial median U-turn (MUT) intersection. These designs will also be compared with the four-phase conventional intersection and two alternatives with two-phase traffic signals: full MUT and reduced conflict intersection (RCI) designs under various traffic conditions at near-capacity levels. Overall, 1,800 simulation runs were conducted to estimate traffic operations under different traffic conditions with varying traffic volumes, traffic distributions, and turning traffic ratios. Traffic signals were optimized for all the tests, and the optimized signal data was imported into microsimulation to evaluate the performance of the 10 intersections included. According to the results, four of the three-phase intersection designs (offset thru-cut, thru-cut, MUT #1, and reverse RCI) could result in significantly shorter travel times than the conventional intersection. The traffic operations of these four intersection designs were found to be similar to the two-phase designs and even better than the full MUT in scenarios with high turning traffic ratios. The other three intersection designs (seven-phase, redirect L&T, and MUT #2) also showed potential as possible substitutes for existing four-phase intersections under conditions with higher turning traffic demands.
Facilitating Intersectional Identity Development Among Latina Adolescents Through Critical Inquiry Groups
Authors: Pinetta Bernardette J. , Rivas-Drake Deborah , Aldana Adriana , Amaya Diana , Salaiz Lauren
Published: January 2025

Using a qualitative case study approach, this study explored how critical inquiry groups, small youth facilitated forums, facilitated the ethnic-racial identity development of Latina adolescents. We highlight how critical inquiry groups helped to position Latina youth as active agents and knowledge keepers of their lived and learned experiences as they make meaning of their ethnic/racial memberships. This study utilized data from an educational intervention called ¡Orgullosas y Poderosas!, a 14 session youth participatory action research program designed to nurture the identity development and strengthen the civic/political capacity of Latina adolescents. A total of nine Latina California high school youth ( Mage = 16.5) participated. Using thematic analysis, we identified (a) how critical inquiry groups served as a vehicle for Latina youth to explore their cultural practices, histories of resistance, and tensions within the broader Latinx community; and (b) how critical inquiry groups encouraged Latina youth to develop identities that express cultural pride, an awareness for the social injustices their group have faced, and a desire to enact social change for their ethnic/racial community. By focusing on Latina youth, this research aims to inspire the (re)imagination of how to design transformative learning and community spaces that operate from a frame of intersectional justice.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Central Nervous System Diagnostic Imaging Referral Guideline
Authors: Hamel Candyce , Avard Barb , Dea Nicolas , Margau Ryan , Mattar Andrew , Michaud Alan , Schmidt Matthias , Volders David , Witiw Christopher , Worrall James , Murphy Amanda
Published: January 2025

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Central Nervous System Expert Panel is made up of physicians from the disciplines of radiology, emergency medicine, neurosurgery, and neurology, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. After developing a list of 24 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for one or more of these clinical/diagnostic scenarios. Recommendations from 55 guidelines and contextualization criteria in the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) for guidelines framework were used to develop 51 recommendation statements across the 24 scenarios. This guideline presents the methods of development and the referral recommendations for congenital disorders of the brain, cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis and demyelinating disease, headache, concussion, pituitary and juxtasellar lesions, cranial neuropathy, brain stem symptoms, altered intracranial pressure (hypertension, hypotension, hydrocephalus suspected shunt malfunction, normal pressure hydrocephalus), vestibular and cochlear symptoms (hearing loss, vertigo), mental status change (acute, dementia/memory loss), visual loss, epilepsy and seizure, CNS infection, intracranial space-occupying lesions, suspected cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, vasculitis, movement disorders/Parkinsonism, metabolic and toxic encephalopathies, and aneurysm screening.
Effect of International Roommates on College Outcomes: Evidence from Students of Disadvantaged Backgrounds
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Ta , Trinidad Jose Eos
Published: January 2025

College policies may support intentional cross-cultural interactions among peers. This study examines the impact of having an international roommate on the college outcomes of domestic U.S. students. Using institutional data on more than 6,600 U.S. students from a selective liberal arts college that serves low-income individuals, our analysis demonstrates the positive effects of being paired with an international roommate on U.S. students’ first-year GPA, subsequent GPAs, and second-year retention. However, our findings show no significant effects on graduation rates or retention rates beyond the second year. These findings point to the potential benefits of deliberate organizational and institutional policies to facilitate interactions among individuals from diverse backgrounds and cultures.
Multi-objective optimal tolerance allocation design of machine tool based on NSGA-II algorithm and thermal characteristic analysis
Authors: Niu Peng , Cheng Qiang , Liu Zhifeng , Chen Chuanhai , Zhao Yongsheng , Li Ying , Qi Baobao
Published: January 2025

Tolerance allocation optimization (TAO) is a crucial step in the manufacturing process of the portal milling machine (PMM). Traditional design approaches often consider only the machining errors arising from geometric errors. However, the thermal characteristics of the bi-rotary milling head (BRMH), which significantly machine tool accuracy, are frequently overlooked. Hence, a novel TAO model of PMM is proposed, considering the thermal characteristics of BRMH across multiple operating conditions. Firstly, based on the multi-body system (MBS) theory and homogeneous transform matrix (HTM), a mapping function relating geometric errors to tolerance and volume errors is developed. Secondly, the heat generation and dissipation mechanisms of the BRMH are analyzed, and precise boundary conditions for thermal simulations are determined. Notably, the spin friction torque of the rolling body on the bearing, which contributes to heat generation, must be considered. Finally, the established accuracy design optimization model, which balances total cost and machining accuracy, is solved using the NSGA-II algorithm. The Pareto optimal solution set reveals an 11.74% reduction in total cost and improved machining accuracy for the PMM. Besides, the proposed framework for accuracy design optimization with thermal characteristics is applicable to the manufacturing processes of other machine tools.
Hydrological evolution of a shallow lake in the semiarid Fuegian steppe, southern Argentina, during the last ~7000 years based on multiproxy data
Authors: Musotto Lorena Laura , Fernández Marilén , Borromei Ana María , Ponce Juan Federico , Coronato Andrea , Rydberg Johan
Published: January 2025

The climate in southern Patagonia is heavily influenced by the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW). Therefore, climate reconstructions from this region are valuable for our understanding of the temporal dynamics in the atmospheric circulation of the Southern Hemisphere. In this study a sedimentary record from the shallow lake Laguna Amalia – located in the semiarid Fuegian steppe of Tierra del Fuego (53°S) – was used to study how the hydroclimate in this region has changed over the last ~7100 years. Our interpretations rely on a combination of pollen, diatoms, total organic carbon, carbonates, lithology and sediment accumulation rate, together with geomorphological features of the landscape. We conclude that before 6700 cal BP Laguna Amalia was a permanent water body. Around 6700 cal BP the climate becomes drier in response to stronger SWW, and from around 6000 cal BP the lake entered a semi-permanent state with variable salinity and prolonged drier periods. Between 3000 and 600 cal BP Laguna Amalia becomes a more permanent freshwater lake with only shorter periods with desiccation. For the last 600 years the climate has again become drier, and the lake is currently experiencing seasonal desiccation. These hydroclimatic changes can largely be attributed to the variable influence of the SWW, with weaker SWW allowing the advection of moist air masses from the east into northern Tierra del Fuego.
Displaced by Climate Change: Navigating Legal Framework for ‘Climate Refugees’ in International Environmental Law
Authors: Rajshree  , Mehta Chandrika , Luhach Suman
Published: January 2025

Climate change assumes the role of a catalyst, amplifying its impact across diverse facets of human security. Some of the most evident consequences of climate change include food insecurity, water scarcity, unequal access to resources, disease proliferation, and natural calamities such as earthquakes, avalanches, tsunamis, and mudslides, disrupting life and livelihoods and promoting migration and displacement, whether voluntary or forced, temporary or permanent, internal or across borders. Although climate change finds a place on the agendas of most countries, the interest of nations to shoulder the burdens arising from mass migration propelled by climate change is lacking. The profound scope of this evolving narrative remains unaddressed. This article unveils the rapidly emerging category of ‘climate refugees’ and distinguishes it from conventional refugee archetypes. The subsequent part brings forth the limitations of the existing international legal frameworks, such as the Refugee Convention of 1951, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the Paris Agreement, inadequately underscoring the unpredictable and varied experiences of climate refugees, and proposes to revisit the international legal framework for safeguarding the individuals impacted by displacement arising from climate-related factors.