bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Przejawy procesu globalizacji w przemyśle województwa śląskiego
Authors: Tkocz Maria
Published: February 2021

Globalizacja jest ostatnio modnym i nośnym terminem obecnym w pracach każdego,kto zajmuje się sprawami współczesnego świata. Świadczą o tym zaczerpnięte z różnychopracowań określenia, takie jak „globalna wioska”, „globalne społeczeństwo”, „globalnagospodarka”, „globalny przemysł” itp. Nie wyjaśniają one jednak zakresu pojęcia „globalizacja”.Mimo istnienia różnych definicji, żadna nie jest powszechnie akceptowana.
Wpływ procesów transformacji na lokalne struktury przemysłu na przykładzie byłego województwa słupskiego
Authors: Czapliński Paweł
Published: February 2021

In the industry of the former Słupsk voivodship, in the period of 1989–2000 substantial changes took place, both quantitative and qualitative, and its future, without any doubt, will depend not only on the possibility of effective local and regional development, but also on the municipal authorities that are responsible for its area’s social and industrial development. As a consequence of the structural changes, there has been a diminution of the cities’ role as important centres assembling industrial production potential. The industrial activity has considerably been shifted to the suburban and country areas, where it has found better economic conditions. After the year of 1992, there have been considerable spatial transformations of industry’s division structure. The region’s traditional divisions have lost their leading role to the chemical (plastic) and the electromechanical industries.During the 1997–2002 period, locational preferences changed. There was an increase in the importance of the following: the cost-factor, institutional support and accessibility of communication. The factor described as business environment, however, was developing in an unsteady fashion, deepening hitherto existing spatial differences. The privatization process of the state property, the founder’s organ of which was the Słupsk voivod, had not been completed till 31st December, 1998. The initiated administration reform did not disturb the processes already in action. The industry’s model of privatization in Slupsk voivodship is very characteristic for the general tendency all over the country
Zagraniczne inwestycje przemysłowe a obszary metropolitalne w Polsce
Authors: Domański Bolesław
Published: February 2021

Szybki rozwój gospodarczy Polski w latach 90. był procesem silnie zróżnicowanym regionalnie i lokalnie. Złożyło się na to przestrzenne zróżnicowanie zarówno w zakresie rozwoju endogenicznego, jak i egzogenicznego. Jednym z elementów tego ostatniego stały się zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie. Uważa się, że szczególne korzyści wzrostu gospodarczego kraju odnoszą wielkie miasta i ich otoczenie czyli obszary metropolitalne. W artykule niniejszym autor pokazuje w jakim stopniu i dlaczego w obszarach tych skupiają się zagraniczne inwestycje w działalność przemysłową.
El derecho fundamental a no autoinculparse: Trazos de su desarrollo histórico
Authors: Durán Muñoz Geovanni De Jesús
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN: La intimidación y coacción estatal operadas en las épocas anteriores al Siglo XVIII como mecanismos de control del buen orden social y normativo, constituyeron elementos indiscutibles en la socavación de la dignidad humana, al ponderar prioritariamente la tortura e incriminación de toda persona que, por sus actos heréticos o sediciosos, atentara contra los dogmas establecidos en el reino espiritual y temporal.Todo ello, por medio del peso probatorio pleno que se depositaba en la confesión del acusado (extraída incluso de forma violenta), a partir de lo cual se propiciaba la colaboración con su propia condena. En tal virtud, resultó indispensable configurar medios de defensa eficaces que resguardaran el derecho de aquél a guardar silencio, alejarse de la verdad y presumir su inocencia, en aras de evitar su autoincriminación.El presente artículo describe sucintamente algunos de los episodios históricos más trascendentales en la evolución jurídica del derecho a no autoinculparse, desde la Europa medieval hasta nuestros días, como derecho fundamental que permitió a los gobernados liberarse del poder despótico propio del absolutismo monárquico.Palabras clave: Autoincriminación, tribunales inquisitoriales, presunción de inocencia, proceso penal, derechos fundamentales. ABSTRACT: The intimidation and state coerción methods in operation before the XVIII Century as mechanisms for controlling the good social and normative order were undisputable elements in undermining human dignity by pondering proprietarily the torture and incrimination of any person who, by his heretical or seditious actions attempts against the established dogmas in both, the spiritual and temporal realms.I think that all this, was deposited, by its probationary weight, upon the confession of the accused, which was extracted even by violent means and that propitiated the collaboration of the person accused in his own sentence. Thus, it was necessary to configure efficient ways of defense that safeguarded right to remain silent, deviate from the truth and presume the innocence of the accused person in order to avoid self-incrimination.This article describes succinctly some of the most transcendental historical episodes in the juridical evolution of the right to not be self-incriminated, from medieval Europe to the present, as a fundamental right that allowed the people to be liberated from the despotic power of anarchic absolutism.Keywords: Self-incrimination, inquisitorial courts, presumption of innocence, penal process, fundamental right.
El lenguaje jurídico y la divulgación del Derecho
Authors: Cázares Sánchez Cristina
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN La complejidad de divulgar al derecho para dar respuesta a los cuestionamientos sociales podría ser la variable de lenguaje técnico, que los expertos del derecho dominan y traducen desde la hermenéutica como punto de partida para difundirlo, existiendo una disociación entre lo comunicado por los expertos jurídicos y entendido por el público en general.  Una de las propuestas para acercar a las Facultades de Derecho y al público en general es incluir a la divulgación del derecho como una competencia dentro de los programas de estudios.Palabras clave: Divulgación del Derecho, Enseñanza del Derecho.ABSTRACT: A reflection on the complexity to achieve an adequate dissemination of law is presented, starting from the indication of hermeneutics as an indispensable variable for the beginning of the dissemination from the Faculties of Law to society in general with the aim of creating spaces of connection with social needs, responding to various questions raised by the social sectors and thereby promoting a culture of legality.Keywords: Divulgation of Law, Teaching of Law.
La continencia de la causa vs. el libre desarrollo de la personalidad. El divorcio incausado en Veracruz
Authors: López Bonilla Irvin Uriel , Zapata Durán Mitchell Sarahí
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN: La ecuación: diversidad de prestaciones - identidad de personas y cosas - un solo procedimiento - una sola sentencia, ha permanecido inamovible durante años en pretexto de la configuración de la continencia de la causa, sin la existencia de una norma que sustente la inflexibilidad con la que se ha aplicado. De cara al derecho humano al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, esta práctica reiterada debe doblegarse en favor del accionante del divorcio incausado, cuyo plan de vida se obstaculiza a causa de la inexorable búsqueda de una sola sentencia definitiva que resuelva las múltiples pretensiones con nexos a la disolución del vínculo matrimonial, sujetas a la temporalidad infructuosa del proceso. Por lo que, en el manuscrito, presentamos la carga argumentativa de contrapeso a lo expuesto por un órgano de control constitucional que, en su labor jurisdiccional, sobrepone la figura procesal de la continencia de la causa al ejercicio pleno del libre desarrollo de la personalidad.Palabras clave. Continencia de la causa, divorcio incausado, libre desarrollo de la personalidad, proceso civil, sentencia definitiva.ABSTRACT: The equation: diversity of legal benefits - personal and acts identity - a single procedure - only one verdict, it has been immovable for years under the pretext of shaping the continence of the cause, without the existence of a rule that supports the inflexibility with which it has been applied. In front to the human right to the free development of the personality, this reiterated practice must bend in favor of the plaintiff of the divorce without cause, whose life plan is hindered due to the inexorable search for a only one veredict that resolves all claims related to the dissolution of the marriage bond subject to the unsuccessful temporality of the process. Therefore, in this manuscript, we present the argumentative burden of counterbalance to the exposed by a constitutional control body that, in its jurisdictional work it imposes the procedural figure of the continence of the cause to the full exercise of the free development of the personality.Keywords. Continence of the cause, divorce without cause, free development of the personality, civil prosecution, definitive veredict.
El Derecho Aduanero como objeto de estudio global
Authors: Montalvo Romero María Teresa
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN: El presente texto reseña la pertinencia y originalidad de la obra “Derecho Aduanero tomo I y II” el cual contiene los temas más actuales no solo del derecho aduanero, sino de aquellas ramas jurídicas que tienen relación con el desarrollo de la actividad aduanera y del comercio exterior dentro del contexto global del siglo XXI.Palabras claves: 1.- Derecho; 2.- Aduanas; 3.- Legislación. ABSTRACT: This text reviews the relevance abd originality of the work “Customs Law, volumen I and II” which contains the most current topics not only of customs law, but of those legal branches that are related to the development of customs activity and foreign trade within the global context of the 21st century.Keywords: 1.- Law; 2.- Customs; 3.- Legislation.
The Malayonesian Cosmological Doctrines in Some Past Scientific Writings in Malay
Authors: Zain Shaharir Bin Mohd
Published: February 2021

The Malayonesian cosmological doctrines highlighted here are based on the study of the five Malay inscriptions dated 5th century to 14th century A.D, a traditional Malay folklore on cosmology compiled by Abdullah (1984), and  a well known best seller Malay manuscript entitled Taj al-Muluk edited by Syaikh Ismail al-Asyi (1893). We find that the Malayonesian cosmology changes as the people change their religion successively from Hindu to Buddha and to Islam as such that their cosmology became a syncretism of Hindu-Buddha cosmology and Islamic cosmology (after 13th century A.D). But in the second part of the 20th century, the Muslims  through out the world began to rediscover their cosmology in relation to a much more pure Islamic cosmology. As a result, a substantial portion of Malayonesians become dualistic or syncretic in their cosmology.  Then toward the end of the 20th century came a very powerfull Western cosmology  invaded the Muslims thought through economics and malitarism  as such that their belief in Islamic cosmology has to accommodate the Western cosmology as well and hence the syncretic Hindu-Buddha-Islamic cosmology  became less prominent. A new relativistic dualism, namely a parallel recognition in both the Islamic and the Western cosmologies appeared in Malayonesian cosmology.
Pengaruh Biourine dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula terhadap Hasil Hijauan, Protein Kasar serta Fosfor Rumput Kumpai (Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees) pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Batubara
Authors: Syafria H. , Jamarun N.
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh biourin dan jamur mikoriza arbuskular terhadap hasil hijauan pakan, kandungan protein kasar dan fosfor rumput kumpai di lahan bekas tambang batubara. Penelitian dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari: (A) 0% biourine + FMA 0 gram / rumpun, (B) 0% biourine + 20 gram / rumpun FMA, (C) 30% biourine + FMA 0 gram / rumpun, (D) 30% biourine + FMA 20 gram / rumpun, (E) 45% biourine + FMA 0 gram / rumpun dan (F) 45% biourine + FMA 20 gram / rumpun. Variabel yang diamati adalah hasil bahan kering, protein kasar dan fosfor rumput kumpai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P <0,05) terhadap hasil bahan kering, protein kasar dan fosfor. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan F (biourine 45% + FMA 20 gram / rumpun) menghasilkan bahan kering terbaik (2253,60 kg / ha), protein kasar (14,55%) dan fosfor (1,12%).
A propósito de Media hora jugando a los dados
Authors:   Tenerife Espacio de las Artes (España), Hernández Gutiérrez Isidro
Published: February 2021

Media hora jugando a los dados was written by Agustín Espinosa as a contribution to the life, sign and work of the painter José Jorge Oramas (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1911-1935), from the Luján Pérez School. It is one of the avant-garde texts in the Spanish language par excellence, in which the scope and significance of the work of the painter from Gran Canaria is celebrated.
«Un monumento al escupitajo, asesino del ballet»: impresiones, imágenes y perversiones en torno a la danza por Agustín Espinosa
Authors:   CSIC (España), Coello Hernández Alejandro
Published: February 2021

Critics have paid little attention to the impact of dance in the literature of the Silver Age, with the exception of the most relevant cases. For that reason, this article aims a re-reading focused on the study of choreographic art in the textual production of Agustín Espinosa, both in his articles and in his works. In this way, I analyse the reasons why he chooses the dance; for giving examples, writing metaphors and reflecting. Therefore, I conclude that the author writes about this performing act for expressing his world view about life and aesthetics, since he prepares a personal manifesto based on ballet’s disapproval as nineteenth-century expression. So, Espinosa shares interests in dance along with other Silver Age’s intellectuals.
Grand Guignol, Artaud y surrealismo. Breve estudio sobre la violencia en Crimen y La Casa de Tócame Roque, de Agustín Espinosa
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (España), García de Mesa Roberto
Published: February 2021

This article studies the proximity of ideas between the Grand Guignol, Antonin Artaud’s theater of cruelty and surrealism, with the works Crime and La casa de Tócame Roque, both by Agustin Espinosa. These ideas revolve around a common theme: the study of extreme violence. Finally, the most violent passages of Espinosa’s works are highlighted and the position that emerges from these texts regarding the aforementioned concept is studied.
Influence of accounting for thermodynamic processes on the processes of mixture formation during sequential pumping of petroleum products
Authors: Vanchugov Ivan M. , Shestakov Roman A.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we study the processes of mixing when using the technology of transportation of light oil products-sequential pumping by direct contact. Modeling of mixing processes is carried out taking into account the influence of parametric and thermodynamic factors. For numerical modeling, a software package was developed that allows not only modeling and calculating the parameters of the oil pipeline operation in real time with subsequent graphical visualization, but also comparing them with real data processed by operators at production facilities.
“Looking for more Brazilian solutions”: Rhetorical Strategies against Ethnic Quotas in Brazilian Higher Education
Authors: Wink Georg
Published: February 2021

Since the 1990s, Brazil has experienced a growing public debate about policies of ethnic affirmative action. The arguments invoked by the opponents of affirmative action quotas, expressed in scientific publications, the mass media and even manifestos, have been the subject of study in several research projects. In their analyses, these scholars have concluded that the the anti-quota arguments suffered from logical inconsistency, theoretical and methodological flaws or simple lack of empirical evidence. However, anti-quota rhetoric appears to persist seemingly unaffected by academic counter-arguments, if not in the academic debate, at least in public opinion. This paper argues that the persuasive power of anti-quota arguments derives from the strategic use of specific rhetorical strategies, based on time-proven classical speech imagery that foreground evidence and logic even where speculation and heuristics are the actual foundation. Using methods of Critical Discourse Analysis I will analyze a representative corpus of prominent public discourses against ethnic affirmative action quotas in order to demonstrate how rhetorical strategies are deployed in these texts, showing how they broadly mirror the proposition of a “Rhetoric of Reaction” (Hirschman 1991). These rhetorics, I argue, draw heavily on the myth of “racial democracy” combined with a long-standing national master-narrative of Brazilian exceptionalism, the combination of which masks racial animosity and defers policy action to support ethnic minorities.
Chess game for affirmative action at UFRJ
Authors: Paixao Marcelo , Rossetto Irene
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we analyze the process that lead the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) to adopt affirmative action admission in the early 2010s. For a long time UFRJ was nationally considered the headquarters of anti-affirmative action. So, why did that University finally take that decision? Our analysis revealed that the debate on affirmative action in that university was entangled in a wider discussion on higher education reform. This finding can help us to understand fundamental aspects of the true spirit of the quotas approved in that university. In the mid-2000s, UFRJ officers underestimated the necessity to be prepared for the symbolic, cultural and political changes that the increasing diversity inside the student body would bring. How deeply the lack of a substantial reflection on race, ethnicity, gender and class may expose UFRJ community to a chronic incapacity to address those contradictions when they become evident?
A sombra do mártir: visões da morte na peça histórica romântica Bartolomeu de Gusmão, de Agrário de Menezes
Authors: Jardim Jéssica Cristina
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo reflete sobre a fascinação pela morte e pela queda do heroi na dramaturgia romântica brasileira. Por meio de uma comparação com outros gêneros, como o épico e o lírico, de acordo com as contribuições teóricas de Hegel (2014; 2001), buscamos analisar o drama histórico Bartolomeu de Gusmão, publicado em 1865. Na obra de Agrário de Menezes, como também na de outros dramaturgos do romantismo brasileiro, as dificuldades impostas à ação heróica e a perspectiva de falha formam parte integrante da configuração da ação. O drama tem como assunto a vida – e a morte – de Bartolomeu Lourenço, o padre inventor da “Passarola”, uma máquina voadora. Menezes põe em cena um personagem morto – o fantasma do padre – modificando os eventos históricos e inserindo o tema do sobrenatural. Indicando suas similaridades e dissimilaridades com outros dramas históricos, a análise mobiliza conceitos como heroi, mártir, ação e acontecimento.

Palavras-chave: Bartolomeu de Gusmão; peça histórica; heroi; dramaturgia romântica; Agrário de Menezes.
Vanitas: a condenação da vaidade como elemento constituinte da representação da morte na lírica de Alphonsus de Guimaraens
Authors: Martins Grazzielle Forcato
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho objetiva tecer considerações acerca da representação da vaidade na poesia de Alphonsus de Guimaraens, sobretudo no que tange a relação desta com a tradição do Memento mori, ou “lembra-te que morrerás”, que orientou as artes plásticas da baixa idade média e barroco tardio. Como motivo orientado pela máxima da permanência da morte evidenciada pelo memento mori, as pinturas denominadas vanitas ilustram a vaidade dos homens em sua preocupação exacerbada com as conquistas terrenas. A vanitas, alusão direta ao capítulo bíblico do Eclesiastes, é a variação do gênero artístico de natureza morta que obteve grande repercussão nos séculos XVI e XVII, e figura elementos centrais da vida terrena aliados a caveiras, compondo a visão crítica da vaidade dos homens diante da inexorabilidade da morte. Estes elementos estão associados à passagem do tempo pela presença de elementos orgânicos, como a deterioração de frutos, e de objetos simbólicos representativos das conquistas do homem, como o amarelamento de livros, o vidro quebrado, ampulhetas, mapas e armas. Embora a vanitas figure notadamente na baixa Idade Média, manifestações similares estendem-se até a modernidade, seja nas artes plásticas ou na literatura, e estão presentes na lírica de Alphonsus de Guimaraens. O poeta simbolista, em cuja lírica a morte é elemento frequente, imprime sobre os motivos tradicionais do memento mori olhar moderno, por meio do trabalho com o encadeamento de imagens e tendência à expressão sugestiva, o que confere à poesia alphonsina grande apelo plástico, bem como possibilita a convergência com outros motivos integrantes do memento mori, como é possível observar em poemas como “Ossa Mea”, que retratam a vaidade aliada à figura feminina fadada à perda da beleza e figurativa da própria morte, associando a temática da vaidade ao topos da morte e a donzela, variação do motivo da dança macabra, que similarmente integra o memento mori. Assim, por meio de análise, buscaremos expor a construção da vanitas na lírica de Alphonsus de Guimaraens, evidenciando seu caráter moderno e interpretação dos motivos tradicionais da representação da morte.
A compendium of population wide DNA methylation profile for oral cancer in India
Authors: Fande Prajakta Zade , Chaudhary Minal S. , Hande Alka H. , Gawande Madhuri N. , Gadbail Amol R. , Sharma Preethi N. , Patil Swati K.
Published: February 2021

With the emergence of epigenetics, constant attempts are been made to decipher the molecular mechanisms in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic modifications, especially the DNA methylation, have been perceived in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The target genes differentially methylated in OSCC still largely remains unknown. There are differences in the molecular alterations in OSCC, regarding geographic location. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present status-quo of existing studies on Indian population to better understand the aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in OSCC that could serve as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers to improve therapy and extend overall survival. The literature was searched using MEDLINE/PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to identify and include most of the relevant articles published from the year 2000 till date in English language. The review would prove to be a valuable resource for population specific investigations and detecting novel biomarkers for OSCC.
On the orthogonal rank and impossibility of quantum round elimination
Authors: Briet Jop , Zuiddam Jeroen
Published: February 2021

After Bob sends Alice a bit, she responds with a lengthy reply. At the cost of a factor of two in the total communication, Alice could just as well have given Bob her two possible replies at once without listening to him at all, and have him select which one applies. Motivated by a conjecture stating that this form of “round elimination” is impossible in exact quantum communication complexity, we study the orthogonal rank and a symmetric variant thereof for a certain family of Cayley graphs. The orthogonal rank of a graph is the smallest number d for which one can label each vertex with a nonzero d-dimensional complex vector such that adjacent vertices receive orthogonal vectors. We show an exp(n) lower bound on the orthogonal rank of the graph on {0, 1} n in which two strings are adjacent if they have Hamming distance at least n/2. In combination with previous work, this implies an affirmative answer to the above conjecture.
Optimizing the number of gates in quantum search
Authors: Arunachalam Srinivasan , de Wolf Ronald
Published: February 2021

In its usual form, Grover’s quantum search algorithm uses O( √ N) queries and O( √ N log N) other elementary gates to find a solution in an N-bit database. Grover in 2002 showed how to reduce the number of other gates to O( √ N log log N) for the special case where the database has a unique solution, without significantly increasing the number of queries. We show how to reduce this further to O( √ N log(r) N) gates for every constant r, and sufficiently large N. This means that, on average, the circuits between two queries barely touch more than a constant number of the log N qubits on which the algorithm acts. For a very large N that is a power of 2, we can choose r such that the algorithm uses essentially the minimal number π 4 √ N of queries, and only O( √ N log(log? N)) other gates.
Can small quantum systems learn
Authors: Wiebe Nathan , Grandade Christopher
Published: February 2021

We examine the question of whether quantum mechanics places limitations on the ability of small quantum devices to learn. We specifically examine the question in the context of Bayesian inference, wherein the prior and posterior distributions are encoded in the quantum state vector. We conclude based on lower bounds from Grover’s search that an efficient blackbox method for updating the distribution is impossible. We then address this by providing a new adaptive form of approximate quantum Bayesian inference that is polynomially faster than its classical anolog and tractable if the quantum system is augmented with classical memory or if the low–order moments of the distribution are protected through redundant preparation. This work suggests that there may be a connection between fault tolerance and the capacity of a quantum system to learn from its surroundings.
Two-qubit quantum gates construction via unitary factorization
Authors: Delgado Francisco
Published: February 2021

Quantum information and quantum computation are emerging research areas based on the properties of quantum resources, such as superposition and entanglement. In the quantum gate array version, the use of convenient and proper gates is essential. While these gates adopt theoretically convenient forms to reproduce computational algorithms, their design and feasibility depend on specific quantum systems and physical resources used in their setup. These gates should be based on systems driven by physical interactions ruled by a quantum Hamiltonian. Then, the gate design is restricted to the properties and the limitations imposed by the interactions and the physical elements involved. This work shows how anisotropic Heisenberg-Ising interactions, written in a non-local basis, allow the reproduction of quantum computer operations based on unitary processes. We show that gates can be generated by a pulse sequence of driven magnetic fields. This fact states alternative techniques in quantum gate design for magnetic systems. A brief final discussion around associated fault tolerant extensions to the current work is included.
Exploration of Steam Explosion Treatment for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Berchem Thomas , Schmetz Quentin , Istasse Thibaut , Jacquet Nicolas , Haubruge Eric , Richel Aurore
Published: February 2021

Steam explosion (SE) is a versatile tool for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic plant 27 materials and the further separation of their main constitutive components, i.e. cellulose, 28 hemicellulose, lignin, etc. In this study, we propose to evaluate the effects of SE 29 treatment on the recovery of secondary metabolites. As a case study, the well-known 30 grape pomace phenolic compounds were considered. Our results demonstrate that the 31 efficiency of the steam explosion in term of yield (900 mg polyphenols per kg of dry 32 grape pomace) was relatively similar to conventional maceration methods in alcoholic 33 media (800 mg/kg). Advantages of SE compared to maceration were highlighted: the 34 process is organic solvent free, destabilize the biomass structure and release insoluble 35 bound phenolic compounds. In addition, it offers the possibility to modulate distinct 36 polyphenols profiles by modifying the process conditions.
Parasitic Behavior in Competing Chemically Fueled Reaction Cycles
Authors: Schwarz Patrick , Laha Sudarshana , Janssen Jacqueline , Huss Tabea , Boekhoven Job , Weber Christoph
Published: February 2021

Non-equilibrium reaction cycles serve as model systems of the intricate reaction networks of life. Rich and dynamic behavior is observed when such reaction cycles regulate assembly processes, such as phase separation. However, it remains unclear how the interplay between multiple reaction cycles affects the success of such assemblies. To tackle this question, we created a library of molecules that compete for a common fuel that transiently activates products. Often, the competition for fuel implies that a competitor decreases the lifetime of these products. However, in cases where the transient competitor product can phase separate, such a competitor can increase the survival time of one product. Moreover, in the presence of oscillatory fueling, the same mechanism reduces variations in the product concentration while the concentration variations of the competitor product are enhanced. Like a parasite, the product benefits from the protection of the host against deactivation and increases its robustness against fuel variations at the expense of the robustness of the host. Such a parasitic behavior in multiple fuel-driven reaction cycles represents a lifelike trait, paving the way for the bottom-up design of synthetic life.
Probing Ionomer Interactions with Electrocatalyst Particles in Solution
Authors: Berlinger Sarah A. , McCloskey Bryan D. , Weber Adam Z.
Published: February 2021

The interaction between ionomer (ion-conducting polymer) and catalyst particles in porous electrodes of electrochemical energy-conversion devices is a critical yet poorly understood phenomenon that controls device performance. This interaction stems from that in the electrode precursor inks, which also governs porous-electrode morphology during formation. In this letter, we probe the origin of this interaction in solution to unravel the ionomer/particle agglomeration process. Quartz-crystal microbalance studies detail ionomer adsorption (with a range of charge densities) to model surfaces under a variety of solvent environments, and isothermal-titration-calorimetry experiments extract thermodynamic binding information to platinum- and carbon-black nanoparticles. Results reveal that under the conditions tested, ionomer binding to platinum is similar to carbon, suggesting that adsorption to platinum-on-carbon catalyst particles in inks is likely dictated mostly by hydrophobic interactions with the carbon surface. Furthermore, water-rich solvents (relative to propanol) promote ionomer adsorption. Finally, ionomer dispersions change with time, yielding dynamic binding interactions.
Tuning the Spin-Crossover Properties of the [(Cp1-R)2Mn] Metallocenes
Authors: Matz Florian , Cirera Jordi
Published: February 2021

In this work, we present a computational study using density functional theory (DFT) on how the single functionalization of the cyclopentadienyl ligand in

[(Cp1-R)2Mn] systems can be used to tune the spin-crossover properties in such systems. Using the OLYP functional, accurate values for the transition temperature (T1/2) can be obtained, and our DFT methodology can be used to explore the effect that different substituents have on tuning such quantity. In particular, we show that the electronic structure of the [(Cp1-R)2Mn] can be tuned via the R group, allowing for a fine-tuning degree of the T1/2 that expands between 0 and 400 K. Our results allow for a rational design of new manganocene based systems with tailored SCO properties.
2D-Map of Intermolecular Interactions in Organic Chemistry Reveals Underrepresented Area of Research
Authors: Su Hao , Zhang Xuepeng , Zhang Guoqing
Published: February 2021

The molecular orbital (MO) theory is an indispensable model to describe the interaction between two molecular species, particularly during chemical bond formation. Here we show that by plotting the energy difference (EDA) of the HOMO of an electron donor and the LUMO of an acceptor against their overlap integral (SDA), many similar types of bimolecular interactions tend to be clustered near one another on the 2D map. Interestingly, in one of the six arbitrarily divided sections designated as “B2”, the interacting molecular pairs appear to present a type of interaction as a “hybrid” between chemical reaction and radical pair formation, a lesser explored area of research. We propose that such interactions could be crucial for the development of materials with unique optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties from purely organic molecules.
Quality of health care and patient safety in extreme adversity settings in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a qualitative multicountry assessment
Authors: Letaief Mondher , Leatherman Sheila , Tawfik Linda , Alboksmaty Ahmed , Neilson Matthew , Horemans Dirk
Published: February 2021

Background: Quality and patient safety are essential for the provision of effective health care services. Research on these aspects is lacking in settings of extreme adversity. Aims: This study aimed to explore the perception of health care stakeholders working in extreme adversity settings of the quality of health care and patient safety. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted through semistructured interviews with 26 health care stakeholders from seven countries of the World Health Organization’s Eastern Mediterranean Region which are experiencing emergencies. The interviews explored the respondents’ perspectives of four aspects of quality and patient safety: definition of the quality of health care, challenges to the provision of good quality health care in emergency settings, priority health services and populations in emergency settings, and interventions to improve health care quality and patient safety. Results: The participants emphasized that saving lives was the main priority in extreme adversity settings. While all people living in emergency situations were vulnerable and at risk, the respondents considered women and children, poor and disabled people, and those living in hard-to-reach areas the priority populations to be targeted by improvement interventions. The challenges to quality of health care were: financing problems, service inaccessibility, insecurity of health workers, break down in health systems, and inadequate infrastructure. Respondents proposed interventions to improve quality, however, their effective implementation remains challenging in these exceptional settings. Conclusions: The interventions identified can serve as a basis for improvements in health care quality that could be adapted to extreme adversity settings.
Mother-friendly hospital programme of Turkey: national intervention to improve the quality of maternity services
Authors: Erbaydar Nüket
Published: February 2021

Background: The mother-friendly care model and mother-friendly programmes are powerful responses to solve problems in maternity care services including high rates of caesarean section, low breastfeeding rates, and women’s rights issues. Aims: This paper describes the development and implementation of the mother-friendly hospital programme of Turkey. Methods: The Ministry of Health initiated the mother-friendly hospital programme in 2010. National mother-friendly hospital standards, guidelines and evaluation tools were developed. Implementation began in 2015. Results: Training activities were carried out to enable health care workers (e.g. physicians, midwives, nurses) to train staff of hospitals applying to the programme, and to evaluate and monitor their maternity services; 455 health care workers were trained. Participation in the programme is voluntary and hospitals apply for certification. To apply, the hospital’s caesarean section rate must be lower than the country average. As of January 2020, 73 hospitals have been certified as mother-friendly hospitals. Conclusion: As a practical implementation of the mother-friendly approach, Turkey’s experience may be useful to other health systems.
Exploring barriers to family planning service utilization and uptake among women in Iraq
Authors: Alrawi Yousuf
Published: February 2021

Background: Family planning helps to avoid unwanted pregnancy and reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Contraceptive prevalence is still relatively low (58%) in Iraq compared with other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and the unmet need (12%) and total fertility (4.2 children per woman) rates are still high. Services are available free of charge or heavily subsidized in many public and private health facilities, yet many women may still not use them due to social, cultural, financial or health care services constraints. Aims: This scoping review explores barriers to family planning services utilization and uptake among women in Iraq. Methods: The review uses an adapted conceptual framework from quality of care and human rights-based frameworks to analyse published scientific studies. Results: At policy level, the government has supported family planning but not enough resources were allocated. At the service level, low family planning promotion from health care providers (especially during antenatal care visits) along with provider bias for certain types of contraception, have contributed to inaccurate information and misconceptions. At the community and individual level, women’s choice is still largely influenced by the husband’s position on contraception as men are still considered the key decision-makers in regard to fertility. Valuing a large family is still a barrier to family planning services utilization and uptake whereas religion was found to support the use of family planning. Conclusion: There is a need to provide promotional messages and encouraging mutual fertility decisions.
QUALITY EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL METALLIC COATING FOR SOME FOODS THAT AVAILABLE IN THE LOCAL MARKETS
Authors:   1Market Research and ConsumerProtectionCenter, University of Baghdad, Iraqalsoufim@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Alsoufi1 Mohammed A. , Al-Mousawi2 Adil. T. ,   2Market Research and ConsumerProtectionCenter, University of Baghdad, Iraqadel_ali197030@yahoo.com, Obaid3 IhsanHadi ,   3NationalCenter for Packing and Packaging, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad, Iraqihsanhadi2010@gmail.com
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to estimate the content of lead and determine the quality of the internal coating of metal cans through electrical conductivity as well as to determine the accuracy of the information card for some types of canned food that available in local markets. The information card test showed that all of these samples contained the name of the food, trade mark, country origin, weight, and components, as was indicated by the company producing in all of them except for the C12 sample which was otherwise, and the batch number was mentioned in all samples except for the C3 and C17 which was not clear and not mentioned in the C21, and the validity period was observed (produce and finish) in all samples except for the C3, which was not clear, and all the samples contained storage conditions and warning signs except for the C1 and C3 that were not mentioned, and the language of the card for all models was Arabic and English as well as the C3 form contained the Persian language and the form C21 on the French language. The lead content (mg/ kg) in all samples was within the permissible limit in the Iraqi standard specifications, and the examination of the electrical conductivity of the internal metallic coating of canned food samples showed that the recorded values for the form C1, C9, C12 and C20 were 19.6±0.2944, 155.2±3.2568, 135.8±2.7725 and 88.5±2.8856 mA respectively, and this indicates the failure of these samples due to the electrical conductivity exceeding 10mA, while the C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C10 and C11 samples succeeded in passing this test because the electrical conductivity did not exceed the permissible limit, while no examination of the remaining models for failure to fix the electrode at the base of the package.
LIBRARIANS' MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE AS THE FOUNDATION FOR BUILDING UP PROFESSIONAL SKILLS
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology Moscow, Russia, Adamyants Armen O.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the previously raised issue of the need for fundamental mathematical education in library profession. It was found that the federal state educational standards for “Library and Information Activities” area neither make nor provision for the study of mathematics, nor do they even mention such term. A set of professional tasks that a graduate of training programs should be able to solve is standardized, as well as competencies corresponding to the goals of education were formulated, which should be formed in bachelor’s and master’s skills. A complete list of tasks and skills from the standards is provided that convinces of the need for serious mathematical training of library school students. It is revealed that only at the stage of developing the basic documents of educational and methodological complexes, educational institutions should independently decide the issue of high-quality mathematical training of specialists, without which it is impossible to achieve the required level of their competence upon completion of training. Various approaches to teaching are given, including the author’s experience in teaching mathematics. The content of the taught discipline is revealed, including the concepts of systems and their properties, as well as the composition and maintenance of information systems functioning. Examples of the applying various mathematical models are given, the possibility of studying physical and social processes with their help is explained. Methods for teaching the design of the library and other information systems are described. The author examples of the mathematical apparatus used by students in the process of studying special disciplines and when writing the term and graduation papers.
ECOSYSTEM OF MATH EDUCATION YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW. ISSUES, HISTORY, TEACHING METHODS, EDUCATION IDEAS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Zharov Valentin K. , Taratuhina Yulia V. ,   National Research University "Higher School of Economics", Moscow, Russia, Turgunbaev Riskeldi M. ,   Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

This article examines some of the problems that are at the intersection of the sets of issues formulated in the ecology of personality, pedagogy, methods of teaching mathematics. It is proposed to consider the pedagogy not as experimental knowledge, but nevertheless as applied philosophy, following S.I. Gessen. It is also suggested to understand the methodology of teaching mathematics not only as a system of knowledge that has an independent history of development, but as a complex system associated with cultural traditions, psychophysical capabilities of an individual existing in the ecoenvironment, an integral part, which is the micro- and macroenvironment of the individual. The authors consider that the interaction of environments can be formally described in some cases by mathematical methods, and, therefore, build mathematical models of pedagogical activity. In particular, the compared in learning process, vocabulary complexes of students give a lot of information to the teacher and provide an opportunity to control the flow of educational information.
TO THE EDUCATION OF OPERATIONAL THINKING IN THE HIGHER MATHEMATICS COURSES OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Zharov Valentin K. , Kozlov Alexander D. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Mardanov Arslan P. ,   Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the tasks of operational thinking developing in the process of teaching the higher mathematics courses in technical universities. It considers the questions on the mathematics importance in human activity and notes its role as a useful tool for penetrating into any area of human knowledge in order to turn it into scientific knowledge. A comprehensive comparative discussion of the definitions of mathematical and operational thinking was carried out. The authors analyzed the current social development conditions influencing the teaching methods and the possibilities of upbringing and improving students’ critical thinking skills. It is proposed to form the mental activity of students (including the creative one) from the very beginning of their studies in the higher education institutions, using to that end in accordance with the future specialty, tasks with the need for mathematical modeling and experimental research of issues. The necessity and methods of forming an educational and methodological environment for operational activities with concepts of varying degrees of abstraction are clarified. The authors give examples of a differentiated and structural approach to teaching mathematics in particular to the creation of educational problems in the higher education institutions. They show that already from the 1st year in teaching students it is necessary to take into account their “engineering” (“physical”) or “algorithmic” way of thinking.
CREATING SQL-QUERIES IN RELATIONAL DATABASES
Authors:   Mukimi Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Kokand, Uzbekistan, Khaidarova Sapiahon
Published: February 2021

The article outlines the methods for creating SQL queries in relational databases. The use of the structured query language SQL in relational databases is substantiated. It provides information about the SQL standard and the three-tier database organization system. The author describes the choice of a data model based on the conceptual level using to that end an example of the Kokand Pedagogical Institute as the relational database model. A relational conceptual diagram of the information model of a pedagogical institute is compiled. Such a conceptual diagram is depicted using a cluster. Objects of the subject area are depicted in the form of tables, which differ from each other in geometric shapes or colors. The relationships between tables in Microsoft Access are presented. The basic rules for creating and filling tables in SQL using the instructions CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO are considered. The syntax of the SELECT statement is given. All offers of the SELECT statement and their order are listed. Examples are given for compiling simple queries and subqueries in SQL using the SELECT statement for the database of the Kokand Pedagogical Institute. Information about the order of execution of internal and external requests is given. The article considers the ORDER BY offer of a SELECT statement for sorting query results.
Графічні засоби в епістолярних текстах Лесі Українки
Authors: Приходько Наталія
Published: February 2021

У статті розглянуто використання графічних засобів у епістолярних текстах Лесі Українки; виокремлено найважливіші прагматичні функції графічних стилістичних засобів; простежено, що в епістолярних текстах Леся Українка найчастіше використовувала підкреслення (зокрема, в етикетних ситуаціях,  вказуючи на певні атрибутивні ознаки, кількісні характеристики, зазначаючи адресу, дні тижня), менш продуктивне написання слів курсивом.