bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of the abnormal rise of water-wings downstream of a step-type aerator
Authors: Han Hu , Guobing Huang , Zhixin Wang , Lu Huang
Published: March 2022

In the prototype observation of a huge water conservancy project, flood discharge in the deep outlets showed strong fluctuations in the downstream of step-type aerators. Intermittent eruption and rise of the water-wing was observed, and the water-wing occasionally impacted on the structures above the chute. In order to investigate the mechanism of water-wing rise, model tests of the deep outlet have been conducted. High-speed camera, pressure sensors, and hot-wire anemometer are adopted to obtain the characteristics of cavity and water-wing. Several key parameters are measured, including air pressure in the cavity and air entrainment volume. It is found that variations of net cavity length, filling water length, and the height of water-wing rise increase with the angle ratio R, and a substantial jump occurs for all related parameters when R approaches 1.4. The rate of water-wing rise W is less than 10% for R < 1.4, while it suddenly increases to over 25% for R > 1.4. Correlations among inflow condition, jet impact angle, cavity deformation, pressure fluctuation in the cavity, and the rise of water-wing are studied, thus the underlying mechanism of abnormal rise of water-wing is proposed.
Giardia lambliainfection risk modeling in Mexico city's flood water
Authors: Vázquez-Salvador Nallely , Silva-Magaña Miguel Alt , Tapia-Palacios Marco A. , Mazari-Hiriart Marisa , Mora-López Manuel , Miquelajauregui Yosune
Published: March 2022

Urban floods can be contaminated with fecal material and pathogens. Evidence on infection risks associated with exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floods is lacking. We address this gap by assessing the risk of infection from exposure to Giardia lamblia in urban flood water samples in Mexico City using a QMRA. Historical flood data was used to build severity indices and to test for correlations with risk of infection estimates. Results indicate similar maximal pathogen densities in urban flood water samples to those from wastewater treatment plants. Significant positive correlations between risk of G. lamblia infection and severity indices suggest that floods could act as an important source of pathogen transmission in Mexico City. Risk of infection to G. lamblia is greater in the city's periphery, which is characterized by high marginalization levels. We argue that these risks should be managed by engaging citizens and water and health authorities in decision making.
Control of avocado root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi with different Trichoderma strains at Chavimochic Irrigation Project
Authors: Gastañadui Paul , Moreno Rocío , Quiroz-Delgado Patricia Elena , Apaza-Tapia Walter Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Avocado root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the main problems affecting avocado (Persea americana) cultivation in Peru, especially at the Chavimochic Irrigation Project. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Trichoderma strains on the control of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Zutano rootstock under greenhouse conditions. Five isolates of Trichoderma were tested: Trichoderma sp. (Chav01); Trichoderma harzianum (Chavo2); Trichoderma harzianum (UNALM01); Trichoderma viride (UNALM02); and a commercial strain of Trichoderma sp. Evaluations were performed at 30, 45, and 60 days. All isolates colonized the rhizosphere of the avocado. No relation was found between the formation of more Trichoderma colonies and Phytophthora improved control. All strains controlled the root rot, but Chav01 and Chav02 showed the greatest diameter of stem, dry matter in the root, and percentage of healthy root in comparison with UNALM01, UNALM02, and the commercial strain. Thus, the native isolates of Trichoderma from the Chavimochic area can be added to the list of potential new Trichoderma species to control Phytophthora cinnamomi.
Narrativas sobre a participação do Brasil na Minustah: uma analise das produções acadêmicas entre 2005-2017
Authors: Atassio Aline Prado , Gonçalves Israel Aparecido
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o debate acadêmico e as narrativas que dai derivam sobre a participação do Brasil na Missão das Nações Unidas para a estabilização no Haiti – Minustah- (sigla do acrônimo em francês: Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti). A missão começou em 2004 e foi concluída em 2017. O Brasil foi responsável pelo comando da missão sob a égida da ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas. O tema tornou-se objeto de pesquisa de diversas áreas de conhecimento e os debates sobre as consequências da Missão tornaram-se alvo de disputas de versões e análises. Para confecção deste artigo foram analisados num total de treze artigos, uma monografia e quatro dissertações que tratam da missão sob vários prismas, escritos entre os anos de 2005 a 2017. Depois da análise deste repertório pode-se considerar o debate acadêmico sobre a participação do Brasil na Minustah como multifacetado, porém predominantemente embuido de narrativa crítica ao envolvimento do governo brasileiro na missão supracitada.
Cessão da posição contratual: semelhanças e diferenças entre os institutos da cessão de crédito e assunção de dívida
Authors: Oliveira Filho Roberto , Lovo Letícia Machel
Published: March 2022

O crédito é fundamental para o acesso as necessidades especiais do homem, tais como moradia, educação e saúde, principalmente para satisfazer a dignidade humana. No Direito Romano, a substituição da posição de devedor e credor era inadmissível, sendo frequentemente utilizada a figura da novação, mediante a delegatio, a expromissio e as ações úteis. Somente a partir do século XIX, o Direito passou a explorar a criação de instrumentos jurídicos que viabilizassem a substituição da posição do credor e do devedor. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa se propõe a examinar a disciplina da transmissão das obriçações no Direito Civil, através das semelhanças e diferenças entre os institutos da cessão de crédito e da assunção de dívida.
Incorporando os valores e direitos fundamentais à Constituição: uma análise da efetividade na conservação da Amazônia Legal no Brasil
Authors: Silva Hanieri Alves da
Published: March 2022

O direito é um instrumento político e social fundamental para combater as injustiças, buscar uma sociedade mais justa, sustentável e igualitária. A constituição é a matriz básica que estabelece os valores fundamentais e poderes reais no Estado. Assim, o ordenamento jurídico precisa acompanhar as mudanças sociais, culturais e econômicas que fazem parte do bem-estar e socialização das pessoas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar os valores fundamentais e simbólicos do direito, bem como estes são transmutados na constituição. Adicionalmente, é abordado a emergência dos direitos humanos e como estes influenciam as novas constituições. Para tanto, diante da crise ambiental no qual o Brasil e a comunidade internacional passa, é investigado e debatido, qual a efetividade das novas diretrizes e leis estabelecidas na constituição no plano ambiental, utilizando como estudo de caso a Amazônia Legal.
Compreendendo a decadência democrática multidimensional: lições decorrentes da ascensão de Jair Bolsonaro no Brasil
Authors: Daly Tom Gerald , Cabral Rafael Lamera Giesta , Reis Ulisses Levy Silvério dos
Published: March 2022

Em 28 de outubro de 2018, o candidato de extrema-direita Jair Bolsonaro venceu as eleições presidenciais no Brasil com 55% dos votos. Esse resultado tem sido visto por muitos analistas como mais um exemplo da ascensão global de líderes populistas autoritários, colocando Bolsonaro ao lado de Viktor Orbán, da Hungria, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, da Turquia, Narendra Modi, da Índia, ou Donald Trump, dos EUA – de fato, Bolsonaro foi apelidado de “Trump dos Trópicos”. O foco em Bolsonaro reflete a forte ênfase no Poder Executivo dada por uma literatura em rápida expansão, que sugere o surgimento de uma nova forma de pretenso líder autocrata oriundo de eleições democráticas, mas que, ao longo do tempo, esvazia os governos democráticos. No entanto, este artigo argumenta que, muito além de Bolsonaro, a experiência brasileira é um importante estudo de caso, pois induz à reflexão sobre três proposições fundamentais. Primeiro, qualquer análise da democracia liberal como objeto de ataque deve ser altamente consciente do “ponto de partida” democrático e da história do próprio Estado. Em segundo lugar, o foco excessivo em ataques liderados pelo Executivo ao regime democrático pode impedir uma análise mais completa de um amplo conjunto de atores e fatores relevantes para a saúde (declinante) do sistema democrático. Terceiro, o autoritarismo é uma lente analítica mais apropriada que o populismo para identificar potenciais ameaças democráticas, especialmente no contexto brasileiro.
A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Evidence-based Neuroprotective
Potential of Bacopa monnieri against Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Gopika Sainu , Kumar Abhishek , Garabadu Debapriya
Published: March 2022

Parkinson's disease is a chronic and gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder trig-gered due to the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta characterized by the motor symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and postural instability. Proteinopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction induced dopaminergic neuronal deterioration, and gene mutations are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. The bioactive components of Brahmi, such as Bacoside A, Bacoside B, and Bacosaponins, belong to various chemical families. Brahmi's neuropro-tective role includes reducing neuronal oxidative stress, dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, mito-chondrial dysfunction, inflammation, inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation, and improvement of cog-nitive and learning behaviour. Researchers found that Bacopa monnieri significantly increased brain levels of glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Brahmi has a potent antioxidant property and neuroprotective effects against PD that help reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and enhance dopamine levels. The review collates all the preclinical studies that prove the beneficial neuroprotective effect of Brahmi for treating PD.
Free ISG15 and Protein ISGylation Emerging in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Tecalco Cruz Angeles C.
Published: March 2022

Interferon-simulated gene 15 (ISG15) belongs to the family of ubiquitin-like proteins. ISG15 acts as a cytokine and modifies proteins through ISGylation. This posttranslational modifica-tion has been associated with antiviral and immune response pathways. In addition, it is known that the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes proteases critical for viral replication. Consequently, these proteases are also central in the progression of coro-navirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Interestingly, the protease SARS-CoV-2-PLpro removes ISG15 from ISGylated proteins such as IRF3 and MDA5, affecting immune and antiviral defense from the host. Here, the implications of ISG15, ISGylation, and generation of SARS-CoV-2-PLpro inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed.
LINC00936/microRNA-221-3p Regulates Tumor Progression in Ovarian
Cancer by Interacting with LAMA3
Authors: Shu Chenggan , Wang Weiwei , Wu Lipei , Qi Chunrun , Yan Wenhui , Lu Wenying , Tian Jiale , Shang Anquan
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in women. It is known that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) controls various biological processes and pathogene-sis of many diseases, including cancers. This study aimed to determine whether LINC00936 and microRNA-221-3p (miR-221-3p) influence the laminin alpha 3 chain gene (LAMA3) in the devel-opment of ovarian cancer.

Methods:

The expressions of LINC00936, miR-221-3p, and LAMA3 in ovarian cancer and adja-cent tissues were assessed. Furthermore, ovarian cancer cells were transfected with vectors with overexpressed LINC00936, miR-221-3p mimic, miR-221-3p inhibitor, and si-LAMA3 to elucidate their functions in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor-igenesis. The binding relationship between LINC00936 and miR-221-3p and the relationship be-tween miR-221-3p and LAMA3 were verified to explore the mechanism of action of LINC00936 in ovarian cancer. LINC00936 binds to miR-221-3p as a ceRNA and regulates the expression of LAMA3.

Results:

LINC00936 and LAMA3 were poorly expressed, while miR-221-3p was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues. Over-expression of LINC00936 contributed to decreasing miR-221-3p expression and increasing LAMA3 expression. LINC00936 overexpression or miR-221-3p silenc-ing downregulated the levels of PCNA, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF and decreased cell prolifera-tion, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and ovarian cancer tumorigenesis.

Conclusion:

Collectively, overexpression of LINC00936 suppressed the development of ovarian cancer by competitively binding to miR-221-3p and controlling LAMA3 expression. These results could serve as a novel theoretical base for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
A Time-series Prediction Algorithm Based on a Hybrid Model
Authors: Cao Danyang , Ma Jinfeng , Sun Ling , Ma Nan
Published: March 2022

Background:

In reality, time series is composed of several basic components, which
have linear, nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics at the same time. Directly using a single
model will show some limitations and the prediction accuracy is difficult to improve.

Method:

We propose a mixed forecasting model based on time series decomposition, namely
STL-EEMD-LSTM model. First, we use STL filtering algorithm to decompose the time series to
obtain the trend component, seasonal component and the remainder component of the time
series; then we use EEMD to decompose the seasonal component and the remainder component
to obtain multiple sub-sequences. After this, we reconstruct the new seasonal component and the
remainder component according to the fluctuation frequency of the sub-sequence. Finally, we
use LSTM to build a prediction model for each component obtained by decomposition.

Results:

We applied the proposed model to simulation data and the time series of satellite
calibration parameters and found that the hybrid prediction model proposed in this paper has
high prediction accuracy.

Conclusion:

Therefore, we believe that our proposed model is more suitable for the prediction of
time series with complex components.
Understanding Success and Failure in Adult ESL
Authors: Kim Taewoong
Published: March 2022

This book explores the reasons why adult ESL learners drop out of their language classes and suggests explicit strategies for keeping students engaged. The most effective strategies may be personal rather than technical or curricular.
Explorations of Language Transfer
Authors: Odlin Terence
Published: March 2022

This book brings together many insights about the influences of one language upon another in language learning. Its accessible discussions explore key concerns such as predictions of difficulty, the role of translation processes, the relation between comprehension and production, and implications for classroom practice.
INTERACTION BETWEEN ACE 2 AND SARS-COV2, AND USE OF EGCG AND THEAFLAVIN TO TREAT COVID 19 IN INITIAL PHASES
Authors: IMAM SYED SAIF , IMAM SYEDA TUBA , MDWASIFATHAR  , KUMAR RISHABH , AMMAR MD YUSUF
Published: March 2022

Covid Virus particles engage with host cells via the ACE-2 and GRP78 receptors, transferring the genome particle to the host cell and transforming it into a replicating machine. RdRP is a key protein in the replication mechanism of all RNA viruses. 3CLpro is a cleavage enzyme that breaks down polyproteins into non-structural polyproteins. All four elements of the Covid viral particle are required for its propagation and action, and blocking any one of them can shut down the entire system. EGCG and Theaflavins are flavonoids that block virus particles from attaching to the host cell's ACE-2 and GRP78 receptors, preventing the genome from being transferred into the cell. EGCG binds to 3CLpro with a molecular docking value of 11.7, while TF3 has a docking score of 10.574, indicating that it prevents host cell contact. TF binds to RdRP with a binding energy of 9.11 kcal/mol, implying that RdRP activities are interfered with. Furthermore, these flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties and reduce the action of cytokines, which can cause serious respiratory difficulties. Except these two there are many others flavonoids which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. All of these data suggest that flavonoids could be a useful treatment for SARS-CoV19; however, the issue of stability and bioavailability arises because it is unstable at lungs pH.
SOLID DISPERSION TABLETS IN IMPROVING ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS
Authors: SARKAR PRASENJIT , DAS SAUMYAJYOTI , MAJEE SUTAPA BISWAS
Published: March 2022

Recent advances in the field of conversion of solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs in a wide range of hydrophilic or water-soluble carriers into solid dispersion tablets have shown great promise in improving solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of such drugs. Moreover, proper choice of tablet excipients during tableting of optimised solid dispersions can produce either fast/rapid or sustained drug release profile. Release kinetics have been found to follow either first-order kinetics or Higuchi model and release profiles in most of the cases have been found to be superior to that of conventional tablets or capsules. The present review aims to sum up the various studies on solid dispersion tablets and establish the novelty of this unique approach in the overall improvement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs in a simple and cost-effective manner.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SITAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN IN BULK AND COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: SRI K. BHAVYA , SHAILAJA G. SRI VANI , VALLAKEERTHI NARMADA , KUMAR V. KIRAN , SUMAKANTH M.
Published: March 2022

Objective: To develop simple, accurate, precise UV Spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Sitagliptin and Metformin in tablet dosage form.

Methodols: The method is based on the determination of Sitagliptin and Metformin in tablet using simultaneous equation method. Sitagliptin exhibits maximum absorbance at 267 and Metformin exhibits maximum absorbance at 237 nm using distilled water as diluents.

Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10-300 µg/ml for Sitagliptin and 4-14µg/ml for Metformin. The %RSD were within the limit i.e., less than 2%. The % recovery of the proposed method was found to be 97.12-99.46% for Sitagliptin and 98.15-99.85% for Metformin. The LOD of the proposed method was 0.397μg/ml for Sitagliptin and 0.8952µg/ml for Metformin. The LOQ was 1.2951μg/ml for Sitagliptin and 2.7159μg/ml for Metformin.

Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise UV Spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Sitagliptin and Metformin in tablet dosage form.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ATORVASTATIN AND ATENOLOL IN RABBIT PLASMA BY RP-HPLC METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY
Authors: SHAH SURAJ KUMAR , DEY SANJAY , DE SOURAV
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study is to establish a simple, sensitive, and specific RP-HPLC technique to determine atorvastatin calcium (ATV) and atenolol (ATL) in rabbit plasma.

Methods: Both the drugs like atorvastatin calcium and atenolol have been extracted by simple liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile.

Results: The chromatographic separation has performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 4.0): acetonitrile: methanol (40:40:20, v/v). The techniques have been validated over the concentration range of 22.08-4778.37 ng ml-1 for ATV and 18.35-3969.20 ng ml-1 for ATL in rabbit plasma. The acceptability range was satisfied for all validation criteria. These methods have been profitably applied to the pharmacokinetic study of a bilayer tablet of ATV and ATL after an oral administration to a rabbit. A significant recovery of the drug from plasma resulted from acetonitrile as extracting solvent compared to other organic solvents.

Conclusion: The results obtained proved that the RP-HPLC method developed was accurate and reproducible, and the drug was stable in rabbit plasma.
Trayectoria mutualista en el norte de Chile: expansión del socorro mutuo durante el predominio liberal (1862-1922)
Authors: Venegas Espinoza Fernando Esteban
Published: March 2022

The objective of this article is to perform an analysis of the trajectory of mutualism in the far north and Near north of Chile from 1862 to 1922. It is argued that during this period, mutualism became an associative idea that went beyond the limits of the so-called mutual aid organizations to project itself on various types of collectivities. These started to add a set of additional objectives, being expanded on the growing social fabric in formation, although solidarity was the central essence. This led the organization to commit itself in various aspects which, in addition to social protection, considered enlightenment, recreation, and resistance against capital. From the information generated by the Work Office, its purposes, social composition, association with the State, subsidies and retirement will be analyzed. As well as the schools, conferences and libraries that were held.
Controversies in regenerative medicine: should knee joint osteoarthritis be treated with mesenchymal stromal cells?
Authors:   Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany, Ossendorff R , Walter SG , Schildberg FA , Khoury M , Salzmann GM
Published: March 2022

Knee joint osteoarthritis is a complex immunological and degenerative disease. Current treatment strategies fail to alter its progression. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for osteoarthritis has been object of research for more than 30 years. The aim of MSC therapy is intended to be holistic, with regeneration of all affected knee joint structures. The paracrine effect of the MSC secretome has been shown to be central for the regenerative capacity of MSCs. Activation of local knee-joint-specific MSCs leads to an immunomodulatory, anti-catabolic, anti-apoptotic and chondrogenic stimulus. Preclinical models have demonstrated the symptom- and disease-modifying effects of MSC therapy. At the bedside, there is evidence that autologous and allogeneic MSC therapy shows significant improvement in symptom-modifying and functional outcome. Despite this, a variety of contradictory clinical outcomes are available in the literature. The effectiveness of MSC therapy is still unclear, although there have been promising results. Regarding the diversity of cell sources, isolation, culture protocols and other factors, a comparison of different studies is difficult. Clinical translation of disease-modifying effects has not yet been shown. This narrative review presents a controversial overview of the current preclinical and clinical studies on MSC therapy in knee joint osteoarthritis.
A research on rigid polyurethane foam resistibility to ignition from an electric arc welding spark
Authors: Poletaev N. L.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. A fire investigation assumes that electric arc welding sparks (hereinafter referred to as “sparks”) are effective sources of ignition. However, the spark ignition of a combustible material depends on the contact time. This work has experimentally proven that a smooth vertical wall, made of combustible rigid polyurethane foam (PUF), is not subjected to spark ignition. To explain this fact, the author calculated the time of contact between the spark and the wall τint, and compared it with the minimal estimated contact time τmin required to ignite the wall.

The sample and the testing procedure. Sparks (the arc power up to 6 kW, the current up to 160 A) reached the PUF wall located at a distance of 0.1–0.15 m from the arc. An everyone experiment was continued until the electrode was burned down.

Research results and discussion. Neither attempt to inflame the PUF sample by a spark was successful. Sparks bounced off the PUF sample and fell down. The characteristic dimensions of cooled iron droplets ranged from 0.2 to 3 mm.

An evaluation of τint. The authors applied a model of elastic interaction between a drop of molten iron and a rigid wall, assuming that the sum of the potential energy of the drop, associated with its surface, and the kine­tic energy of a spreading drop, if flattened, is conserved. The longest contact time is achieved for drops, featuring the maximum diameter of 3 mm: τint ≈ 0.004 s.

Estimation τmin. The authors applied the experimental modeling of the process, whereby the effect of an iron drop on PUF was replaced by the time-controlled effect, produced by a wooden cylinder (6 mm in diameter), inflamed at one edge. τmin ≈ 0.3 s. The ratio τint << τmin explains the inability of electric arc welding sparks to ignite the PUF wall.

Conclusions. Electric arc welding sparks, having a diameter of up to 3 mm, cannot ignite a vertical wall, made of rigid combustible polyurethane foam, in case of a side impact. The lack of ignition is explained by the short-term contact between the spark and the surface of the polyurethane foam.
The thermal analysis of fire test results obtained for loaded cast iron tubing used to line subway tunnels, their rational fire protection and pre-set fire resistance
Authors: Garashchenko A. N. , Danilov A. I. , Antonov S. P. , Marchenkova S. V. , Pavlov V. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The article addresses the fireproofing limit of the cast-iron tubing that lines subway tunnels. These structures have been fire tested neither in our country, nor abroad, and therefore, no fire test results have been analyzed, although this analysis is necessary to guarantee structural performance.

Purpose and objective. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of two fire experiments, including the testing of the cast iron tubing without fire proofing, and the testing of the tubing protected by a fireproof plate. The objective of the study is to choose and use a rational thermal analysis methodology.

Methods. A standardized methodology was applied to test the fire resistance of loaded full-scale tubing specimens in a fire furnace, where thermocouple measurements of tested specimens were taken. The thermal analysis of these measurement results was conducted, using the methods and software for the numerical calculation of non-stationary temperature fields inside fireproof structures in one- and two-dimensional settings.

Results. It has been established that the fire resistance limit of the 5.6-25-NU cast-iron tubing tested under constant static loading (150 kN) without any fire protection is 54 minutes, which corresponds to classification R 45, while the fire resistance limit of the same tubing, fireproofed by PROSASK fire panel plates, that are 25 mm thick, is, at least, 121 min (R 120). Calculations allow to prognosticate a change in the fire resistance, if account is taken of the difference between the test environment and the one of the tubing when in operation. The authors present the results of calculations for various fire protection options and show that the fire protection and fire resistance limits of the cast-iron tubing are high, if PROSASK fire plates are used. The authors also demonstrate the projectability of the fire resistance values, if the modes of exposure differ from the standard temperature mode.

Conclusions. The thermal analysis of the results of two fire experiments, conducted to evaluate the fire resistance of the cast-iron tubing as the tunnel lining allows to obtain the information that is essential for the fire protection and pre-set fire resistance of critical subway structures as well as the further development of this area of experimental and theoretical research. The authors demonstrate the efficiency of thermal calculations as an instrument for the evaluation of fire protection parameters/fire resistance of tubing and the reduction in the number of costly fire tests.
The calculation of loads on buildings and structures caused by outdoor explosions of the fuel-air mixture
Authors: Liplenko M. A. , Borodenko A. N. , Mosolov G. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. An important engineering task, to be solved in the process of designing buildings and structures for hazardous industrial facilities, is to determine values of loads caused by outdoor explosions of the fuel-air mixture. Nowadays software packages, that use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach, are widely applied in the design practice to assess various effects on building structures. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a load calculation method, that employs numerical simulation, and verify it in comparison with the experimental data.

Goals and objectives. The purpose of this work is to use the method of computational fluid dynamics to analyze external sympathetic detonation loads on various types of buildings and structures.

The body of the article. The article addresses the “compressed balloon” method used to analyze loads, caused by outdoor explosions of gas. Dependencies, proposed in the article, are needed to set the input data and make numerical calculations using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The numerical modeling of various experiments in the ANSYS Fluent software package was conducted. The authors compared the results of numerical modeling and standard engineering methods with various experiments to assess the accuracy of the “compressed balloon” method used to analyze an outdoor detonation explosion.

Conclusions. The authors have proven the qualitative and quantitative convergence of the numerical model of blast wave propagation and the experimental data. This calculation method allows to accurately apply the pressure profile to any surface of a building or structure in the course of an outdoor detonation explosion and estimate the bearing capacity of building structures. The proposed method can be used in the design of buildings or structures that feature various configurations.
Variational quantum amplitude estimation
Authors: Plekhanov Kirill , Rosenkranz Matthias , Fiorentini Mattia , Lubasch Michael
Published: March 2022

We propose to perform amplitude estimation with the help of constant-depth quantum circuits that variationally approximate states during amplitude amplification. In the context of Monte Carlo (MC) integration, we numerically show that shallow circuits can accurately approximate many amplitude amplification steps. We combine the variational approach with maximum likelihood amplitude estimation [Y. Suzuki et al., Quantum Inf. Process. 19, 75 (2020)] in variational quantum amplitude estimation (VQAE). VQAE typically has larger computational requirements than classical MC sampling. To reduce the variational cost, we propose adaptive VQAE and numerically show in 6 to 12 qubit simulations that it can outperform classical MC sampling.
Application of morphometric analysis for assessing the development of the South Western Baikal Region relief
Authors: Opekunova M.Yu. , Bardash A.V.
Published: March 2022

The results of the South Western Baikal region relief morphometric analysis in the aspect of reconstructing its development history are presented. Maps of different-order (from the 6th to the 2nd) basic surfaces, and those of the basic surfaces’ differences, were compiled. The statistical coefficients of the basic surfaces’ differences in the studied territory are calculated. The obtained results enable estimating the intensity of neotectonic movements during the Quaternary period. It was revealed that during the this time of relief formation, the amplitude of neotectonic movements was more than 1100 m, with average values of 278 m. Relatively stable (upper reaches of the Bolshaya Bystraya River the southwestern tip of Lake Baikal) and active surface areas (upper reaches of Malaya Bystraya River, middle ones of Bolshaya Bystraya river, watershed surface of the Pokhabikha and Slyudyanka as well as the western tip of the Bystrinskaya basin) were identified. The maximum values of negative and positive movements were noted during the formation of river valleys of the fifth and fourth orders. A decrease in the intensity of neotectonic movements is noted from the time of formation of older to younger surfaces.
Drogas e Violência contra as Mulheres no Sul da Colômbia: uma análise a partir do Feminismo Decolonial
Authors: De Castro Helena Salim , De Oliveira Gabriela Aparecida
Published: March 2022

As mulheres cocaleiras no sul da Colômbia, região de maior cultivo de coca e palco das políticas antidrogas desde o início dos anos 2000, vivenciam um contexto de violações de direito e violência contra seus corpos e atividades em decorrência da “guerra às drogas” conduzida há décadas no país. O fato de serem mulheres camponesas, muitas delas indígenas e afro-colombianas, e cocaleiras potencializa as opressões existentes em um ambiente de militarização e confronto entre grupos armados. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as contribuições do Feminismo Decolonial para analisar a situação das mulheres cocaleiras colombianas que vivenciam as políticas de erradicação forçada dos cultivos de coca e a militarização do território. Ao chamar atenção para a marginalização e objetificação dos corpos feminizados e racializados reproduzidas desde a colonização, o Feminismo Decolonial permite uma análise crítica e particular dos relatos e informes que abordam os impactos da política de “guerra às drogas” nas mulheres. Os corpos das mulheres cocaleiras são muitas vezes concebidos como território nos quais o conflito e as disputas entre atores estatais, paraestatais e criminosos se desdobram, reafirmando as relações de poder estabelecidas durante o colonialismo.
Marcadores de severidad de la apendicitis aguda: estudio de prueba diagnóstica
Authors: Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Barrera Jerez Jonathan Francisco , Avila Avila Kelly Andrea , Rodriguez Mongui David Alexis , Muñoz Espinosa Brayan Rojeiro
Published: March 2022

Introducción: la apendicitis aguda (AA) es una de las patologías quirúrgicas abdominales más frecuentes en el mundo, siendo la apendicectomía, la cirugía de emergencia más realizada a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar los posibles marcadores de severidad en la apendicitis aguda con fines diagnósticos y para el manejo oportuno de la apendicitis y, de esta manera, evitar posibles complicaciones. Metodología: esta investigación se basó de una muestra aleatorizada de un total de 239 pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda en el Hospital Regional de Orinoquía, Colombia. Se analizaron registros de cuadro hemático, proteína C reactiva (PCR) e índice de neutrófilo/linfocito (INL), y se estableció la relación de los mismos con los hallazgos quirúrgicos de apendicitis aguda descritos por Guzmán-Valdivia. Resultados: en el servicio de urgencias, estos reactantes son capaces de realizar una aproximación en el diagnóstico y como marcadores de la severidad de la AA, siendo la PCR > 15 mg/dL (precisión diagnóstica 76,15 %) y el porcentaje de neutrófilos > 85 % (precisión diagnóstica 61,09 %) los de mejor rendimiento operativo inicial. En cuanto a las complicaciones, como la perforación intestinal, se encontró en relación estadística, que la PCR > 15 mg/dL y el porcentaje de neutrófilos > 85 % fueron los marcadores con mayor rendimiento predictivo, con OR 14,46 y OR 2,17, respectivamente. Lo anterior en relación con los hallazgos descritos por Guzmán-Valdivia. Conclusiones: la elevación de la PCR y del porcentaje de neutrófilos > 85 % son los reactantes de fase aguda que presentan mejores características diagnósticas y para predecir posibles complicaciones de la apendicitis aguda.
Equinococosis abdominal diseminada: reporte de caso
Authors: Evers S Gabriela , Polania Liscano Héctor Adolfo , Polania Galindo Santiago  Adolfo
Published: March 2022

Se realiza la descripción de un caso de hidatidosis abdominal diseminada de un hombre de 21 años, quien consultó por cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal persistente después de un drenaje de absceso luego de una apendicetomía. Las imágenes mostraron múltiples lesiones quísticas en peritoneo, hígado y bazo. Por exacerbación del dolor, el paciente se lleva a laparotomía, donde se evidenciaron múltiples lesiones quísticas diseminadas en toda la cavidad abdominal, que se diagnosticaron a la histopatología como lesiones quísticas múltiples por equinococosis peritoneal y abdominal.
Exposure to avian coronavirus vaccines is associated with increased levels of SARS-CoV-2-cross-reactive antibodies
Authors: Ardicli Ozge , Carli Tayfun , Satitsuksanoa Pattraporn , Dreher Anita , Cusini Alexia , Hutter Sandra , Mirer David , Rückert Beate , Jonsdottir Hulda R. , Weber Benjamin , Cervia Carlo , Akdis Mubeccel , Boyman Onur , Eggel Alexander , Brüggen Marie-Charlotte , Akdis Cezmi , Veen Willem van de
Published: March 2022

Background: Although avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis
virus (IBV) and SARS-CoV-2 belong to different genera of the
Coronaviridae family, exposure to IBV may result in the
development of cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 due to homologous
epitopes. We aimed to investigate whether antibody responses to IBV
cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 in poultry farm personnel who are
occupationally exposed to aerosolized IBV vaccines. Methods: We
analyzed sera from poultry farm personnel, COVID-19 patients, and
pre-pandemic controls. IgG levels against the SARS-CoV-2 antigens S1,
RBD, S2, and N and peptides corresponding to the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, N,
and S proteins as well as whole virus antigens of the four major
S1-genotypes 4/91, IS/1494/06, M41, and D274 of IBV were investigated by
in-house ELISAs. Moreover, live-virus neutralization test (VNT) was
performed. Results: A subgroup of poultry farm personnel showed
elevated levels of specific IgG for all tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens
compared to pre-pandemic controls. Moreover, poultry farm personnel,
COVID-19 patients, and pre-pandemic controls showed specific IgG
antibodies against IBV strains. These antibody titers were higher in
long-term vaccine implementers. We observed a strong correlation between
IBV-specific IgG and SARS-CoV-2 S1-, RBD-, S2-, and N-specific IgG in
poultry farm personnel compared to pre-pandemic controls and COVID-19
patients. However, no neutralization was observed for these
cross-reactive antibodies from poultry farm personnel using the VNT.
Conclusion: We report here for the first time the detection of
cross-reactive IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens in humans
exposed to IBV vaccines. These findings have implications for future
vaccination strategies and possibly cross-reactive T cell immunity.
STRUCTURAL, VIBRATIONAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SOME TETREL-BONDED COMPLEXES OF THE FLUORINATED METHANES METHYL FLUORIDE, DIFLUOROMETHANE AND FLUOROFORM. AN AB INITIO STUDY
Authors: Ford Thomas , Ramasami Ponnadurai
Published: March 2022

A search has been conducted, employing ab initio molecular orbital
theory, for potential tetrel-bonded complexes between the fluorinated
methanes methyl fluoride, difluoromethane and fluoroform, and the
related hydrides ammonia, water, hydrogen fluoride, phosphine, hydrogen
sulfide and hydrogen chloride. Eleven such complexes have been
identified, six containing CH3F and five CH2F2. The complexes are
typically less strongly bound than their hydrogen-bonded counterparts,
and the interaction energies vary in a consistent way with the periodic
trend of the electron donors. The intermolecular separations and changes
of the relevant intramolecular bond lengths, the wavenumber shifts of
the critical vibrational modes, and the extents of charge transfer for
the atoms most closely involved in the interactions correlate, by and
large, with the strengths of interaction.
Analgesia epidural multimodal en isquemia arterial aguda
Authors: Fuentes Merlos Álvaro , Liñán-Bodí Dionís , Palacios-Fort Rosa , López-Bas Valero Rafael
Published: March 2022

La isquemia arterial aguda (IAA) es un síndrome causado por la interrupción brusca del aporte sanguíneo a un determinado territorio del organismo, a consecuencia de la obstrucción súbita de la arteria que lo irriga. Puede ir acompañada de un intenso dolor que no responda a la analgesia convencional. La analgesia epidural multimodal es la administración de un anéstesico local con un opioide en el espacio peridural para mantener al individuo libre de dolor. El uso de una técnica multimodal reduce la incidencia y gravedad de los trastornos fisiológicos que ocasiona el dolor agudo. Presentamos un caso de un paciente ingresado a cargo de la Unidad de hospitalización a Domicilio para control evolutivo y manejo del dolor por una IAA en miembro superior izquierdo. Tras intervencionismo, se realizó una analgesia epidural multimodal con fentanilo y bupivacaina con mejoría completa del mismo y sin incidencias clínicas.
Primera transfusión extrahospitalaria en Aragón a paciente COVID-19
Authors: Garcia Garcia Laura Rebeca , Clos La Torre Maria , Roncalés García Alejandra , Conget Dehesa Ana Maria , Vela Sanchez Andrea
Published: March 2022

Caso clínico, de una paciente, en el cual se realizó una transfusión fuera del entorno hospitalario. Tras una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sobre la hospitalización a domicilio y las transfusiones intra y extrahospitalarias, se describe el caso clínico incluyendo anamnesis del paciente, justificación del tratamiento elegido y la evolución posterior. Después de la experiencia se pudo afirmar que, mediante la colaboración de un equipo multidisciplinar, es posible realizar transfusiones en medio extrahospitalario cumpliendo todos los protocolos y sin dejar de lado la seguridad para el paciente. La buena evolución de la paciente evidenció la importancia del ambiente. Fue beneficioso para la salud tanto física, como mental, un entorno extrahospitalario, logrando una atención médica y unos cuidados de enfermería de calidad y de menor coste para un sistema sanitario ya sobrecargado.
Resaltar que la atención domiciliaria permitió a los pacientes crónicos pluripatológicos una mayor autonomía, ya que están en un ambiente controlado por ellos.
Palladium on carbon in PEG-400/Cyclohexane: Recoverable and recyclable catalytic system for efficient decarbonylation of aldehydes
Authors: Terzic-Jovanovic Natasa , Ajdacic Vladimir
Published: March 2022

A simple methodology for the decarbonylation of aldehydes catalysed by commercially available palladium on carbon in a green two-solvent system is reported. Various aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were transformed to the corresponding decarbonylated products in good yields. Product isolation from the reaction mixture is simple in practice, and the catalyst can be reused three times.
An in-depth analysis of the relation of health and poverty in Europe
Authors: Apostu Simona-Andreea , Dimian Gina-Cristina , Vasilescu Maria
Published: March 2022

Our article aims to present an in-depth analysis of the correlation between health status and poverty in European countries. Our research is grounded on two types of data: a survey of the perceptions of the European citizens related to their own physical and mental health conducted in 2017 in European Union countries and the United Kingdom on a sample of 28,000 respondents and macroeconomic data retrieved from Eurostat Database, showing the incidence of poverty and working poor in Europe during the 2017-2019 time span. Multiple logistic regression has revealed that self-rated health status is influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, whereas TwoStep Cluster analysis and Mann-Whitney U test proved that health is an important driver of the differences between countries in terms of poverty and working poor. The originality of our research stems from both the integrated approach, the analysis being made at individual, group, and country levels, and by the results that bring new evidence about population health status as a determinant of quality of life and national competitiveness.
Improved Time in Range During 28 Days of Meal Delivery for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Clark Callahan N. , Hart Brian B. , McNeil Chace K. , Duerr Jessyca M. , Weller Grant B.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of care for people with type 2 diabetes, yet starting new, healthy eating behaviors and sustaining them can be challenging. This decentralized, single-arm study assessed the impact of 28 days of home-delivered, pre-portioned meals (three meals per day) on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic control and quality of life.

Research design and methods

We enrolled 154 people with type 2 diabetes from across the United States. All participants were enrolled in a digital-first type 2 diabetes care center of excellence and had a time in range (TIR) <70% or a glucose management index (GMI) >7%. A total of 102 participants received another set of meals for a household member. Forty-four participants were excluded from CGM-based analysis because of sparse data in the baseline or intervention period.

Results

From the baseline through the intervention period, average TIR improved by 6.8% (95% CI 4.0–9.7, P <0.001), average GMI improved by 0.21% (95% CI 0.11–0.32, P <0.001), and participants’ odds of achieving ≥70% TIR increased (odds ratio 2.55 [95% CI 0.93–7.80, P = 0.051]). Although average TIR increased rapidly upon initiation of meal delivery, it regressed when the delivery period ended.

Conclusion

Home-delivered meals were associated with modest TIR and GMI improvements, but only in the short term. More research is needed to determine whether the effects of nutrition therapy can be extended by providing ongoing meal delivery or additional support such as behavioral intervention.
Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study of 120,343 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Gao Min , Jebb Susan A , Aveyard Paul , Ambrosini Gina L , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Papier Keren , Carter Jennifer , Piernas Carmen
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To identify dietary patterns (DPs) characterized
by a set of nutrients of concern and their association with incident type 2
diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHODS: 120,343 participants from the UK Biobank
study with at least two 24-h dietary assessments were studied. Reduced rank
regression was used to derive DPs explaining variability in energy density,
free sugars, saturated fat and fiber intakes. We investigated prospective
associations with T2D using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS: 2,878 participants developed T2D over 8.4 years of follow-up from
the latest dietary assessment. Two DPs were identified that jointly explained a
total of 63% variation in four nutrients. DP1 was characterized by high intakes
of chocolate/confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, sugars/preserves and low
intakes of fruit/vegetables. DP1 was linearly associated with T2D in
multivariable models without BMI adjustment [hazard ratio(HR) per z-score 1.11,
95%CI (1.08-1.14)] and after BMI adjustment [1.09(1.06-1.12)]. A second DP2 was
characterized by high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, table
sugars/preserves, and low intakes of high fat cheese/butter, but showed no clear
association with T2D. There were significant interactions between both DPs and
age, with increased risks among younger people in DP1 [1.13(1.09-1.18)] and DP2
[1.10(1.05-1.15)]; as well as with DP1 and BMI, with increased risks among
people with obesity [1.11(1.07-1.16)].

CONCLUSIONS: A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of chocolate
confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread and added sugars, and low in fresh fruit/vegetables
intakes is associated with a higher incidence of T2D, particularly among
younger people and those living with obesity.