bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network intrusion detection using data dimensions reduction techniques
Authors: Shiravani Anita , Sadreddini Mohammad Hadi , Nahook Hassan Nosrati
Published: March 2023

Due to the increasing growth of the Internet and its widespread application, the number of attacks on the network has also increased. Therefore, maintaining network security and using intrusion detection systems is of critical importance. The connection between devices leads to a large number of data being generated and saved. The era of “big data” emerges over time. This paper presents a new method for selecting effective features on network intrusion detection based on the concept of fuzzy numbers and scoring methods based on correlation feature selection for intrusion detection systems. The goal of this paper is to present a new approach for reducing data size using the concept of fuzzy numbers and scoring methods based on correlation feature selection for intrusion detection systems. In this method, to eliminate inefficient features and reduce data dimensions, number of features are defined as a fuzzy number, and the heuristic function of the correlation-based feature selection algorithm is expressed as a triangular fuzzy number membership function. To evaluate the proposed method, it is then compared to previous intrusion detection methods. The results show that the proposed method selects several features less than the conventional methods with a higher detection rate. The proposed method is compared with the correlation-based feature selection method on two datasets. The proposed method is evaluated and validated on KDD Cup, NSL-KDD and CICIDS datasets. The achieved accuracy is 99.9% which is 96.01% with CFS method.
Anomaly detection from images in pipes using GAN
Authors: Yumoto Shigeki , Kitsukawa Takumi , Moro Alessandro , Pathak Sarthak , Nakamura Taro , Umeda Kazunori
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the number of pipes that have exceeded their service life has increased. For this reason, earthworm-type robots equipped with cameras have been developed to perform regularly inspections of sewer pipes. However, inspection methods have not yet been established. This paper proposes a method for anomaly detection from images in pipes using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). A model that combines f-AnoGAN and Lightweight GAN is used to detect anomalies by taking the difference between input images and generated images. Since the GANs are only trained with non-defective images, they are able to convert an image containing defects into one without them. Subtraction images is used to estimate the location of anomalies. Experiments were conducted using actual images of cast iron pipes to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. It was also validated using sewer-ml, a public dataset.
Blood biomarkers as potential malnutrition screening alternatives among adult patients with cancer on treatment in oncology unit of jimma tertiary hospital: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Enkobahry Aklesya , Sime Tariku , Kene Kumsa , Mateos Tigist , Dilnesa Sefie , Zawdie Belay
Published: March 2023

Background

Cancer is becoming the most common global public health concern. Early malnutrition detection and treatment in patients with cancer is an important aspect of cancer management. Although Subjective global assessment (SGA) is a gold standard nutritional assessment tool, it is not routinely utilized due to it is tedious and needs patient literacy. Thus, early detection of malnutrition necessitates alternative parameters comparable with SGA. Therefore this study aims to evaluate serum albumin, Total Protein (TP), and Hemoglobin (Hgb) and their correlation with malnutrition in patients with cancer at Jimma Medical Center (JMC).

Methods

Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 15 to December 15, 2021 G.C at JMC among a total of 176 adult patients with cancer selected via a systematic sampling technique. Nutritional status and behavioural data were collected using the SGA tool and a structured questionnaire. Five ml of venous blood was collected and the level of serum albumin, TP and Hgb were measured using Cobas®6000 chemistry analyzer and hematology analyzer UniCel DxH 800. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), and logistic regression analysis were implemented for analysis.

Result

From the total of 176 study participants, 69.3% were females and the mean age was 50.1 ± 13.7 years. Based on SGA, 61.4% of the patients were malnourished. There was a significant decrease in the mean level of serum albumin, TP and Hgb in malnourished as compared to well-nourished patients. Serum albumin(r=-0.491), TP(r=-0.270), and Hgb (r=-0.451) had a significant correlation with SGA tool. Stage IV cancer AOR = 4.98 (1.23–20.07), Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer AOR = 3.39(1.29–8.88) and malnutrition AOR = 3.9(1.81–8.4) were significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia. Similarly, age of > 64 years AOR = 6.44(1.55–26.67), GI cancer AOR = 2.92(1.01–6.29) and malnutrition AOR = 3.14(1.43–6.94) were significantly associated with hypoproteinemia; and stage-IV cancer AOR = 3.94(1.11–13.35) and malnutrition AOR = 3.8(1.82–8.2) were significantly associated with low Hgb level.

Conclusion and recommendation

Altered level of serum albumin, TP and Hgb was correlated with the SGA tool of malnutrition. Therefore, it is suggested to be used as an alternative or additional screening tool for prompt detection of malnutrition in adult patients with cancer.
Influence of contraceptive use and other socio-demographic factors on under-five child mortality in Bangladesh: semi-parametric and parametric approaches
Authors: Khan Golam Rabbi , Baten Abdul , Azad Md. Abul Kalam
Published: March 2023

Background

The under-five child mortality rate is a widely accepted indicator of the development of a country as well as reflects the country’s health care system and quality of life. Although the child mortality rate is decreasing over time in Bangladesh, the rate is still high among South Asian countries. The target of the Sustainable Development Goal-3.2 is to reduce the under-five mortality rate in all countries of the world to 25 or fewer per 1000 live births by 2030. The purpose of this study is to identify the socio-demographic factors which have an influence on under-five child mortality in Bangladesh as well as to examine whether contraceptive use has any effect on under-five mortality in Bangladesh. Finally, a comparison has been made between the results obtained from the Cox proportional Hazard Model and Weibull model to find out which model is more efficient for the study data.

Methods

For the study, data was extracted from Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys 2017–2018 (BDHS 2017–2018). The Kaplan–Meier survival function has been used to demonstrate the survival probabilities of under-five children. While multivariate analyses of the Cox Proportional Hazard model and Weibull model are used to estimate the under-five mortality risks for various predictors.

Results

The study results show consistently higher survival probabilities for children of mothers who used modern contraceptives during survival periods. Other significant predictors for under-five child mortality include mother’s education level (higher education), mother’s age (> 20), wealth index (rich), source of drinking water (tube well), and division (Chittagong, Khulna, Mymensingh). Weibull model has given more efficient results than the Cox Proportional Hazard model except for one covariate (water source).

Conclusion

Contraceptives use significantly improves the survival chances of children under-five age. This underscores the importance of contraceptive use in the pursuit of a sustainable reduction in under-five mortality in Bangladesh. It also intensifies the need to address the present level of contraceptive use in the country. This may not be due to the use of contraceptives in itself but may be due to the substantial biological and socioeconomic benefits that are concomitant with contraceptive use which may promote both maternal and child health. So, Extra effort should be given by the policymakers to ensure the use of modern contraceptive methods to improve the under-five survival in Bangladesh.
Smart cities from low cost to expensive solutions under an optimal analysis
Authors: Ionescu Romeo-Victor , Zlati Monica Laura , Antohi Valentin-Marian
Published: March 2023

This scientific approach mainly aims to develop a smart city/smart community concept to objectively evaluate the progress of these organizational forms in relation to other classical/traditional forms of city organizations. The elaborated model allowed the construction of the dashboard of access actions in the smart city/smart community category on two levels of financial effort correlated with the effect on the sustainable development of smart cities. The validity of the proposed model and our approach was supported by the complex statistical analysis performed in this study. The research concluded that low-cost solutions are the most effective in supporting smart urban development. They should be followed by the other category of solutions, which implies more significant financial and managerial efforts as well as a higher rate of welfare growth for urban citizens. The main outcomes of this research include modelling solutions related to smart city development at a low-cost level and identifying the sensitivity elements that maximize the growth function. The implications of this research are to provide viable alternatives based on smart city development opportunities with medium and long-term effects on urban communities, economic sustainability, and translation into urban development rates. This study’s results are useful for all administrations ready for change that want the rapid implementation of the measures with beneficial effects on the community or which, through a strategic vision, aim to connect to the European objectives of sustainable growth and social welfare for citizens. Practically, this study is a tool for defining and implementing smart public policies at the urban level.
Combined intravitreal dexamethasone and bevacizumab injection for the treatment of persistent diabetic macular edema (DexaBe study): a phase I clinical study
Authors: Veiga Reis Francyne , Dalgalarrondo Pedro , da Silva Tavares Neto José Edisio , Wendeborn Rodrigues Murilo , Scott Ingrid U. , Jorge Rodrigo
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of combined intravitreal injection of dexamethasone aqueous-solution (IVD) and bevacizumab (IVB) in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) and its effect on intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CSFT).

Methods

This prospective study included 10 patients (10 eyes) with DME refractory to laser photocoagulation and/or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed at baseline, during the first week of treatment, and monthly through week 24. Therapy consisted of monthly injections of combined IVD and IVB “pro re nata” (PRN) if CST > 300 µm. We investigated the impact of the injections on intraocular pressure (IOP), cataract development, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central sub-foveal thickness (CSFT) measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results

Eight patients (80%) completed 24 weeks of follow-up. Compared to baseline, mean IOP increased significantly (p < 0.05) and anti-glaucomatous eye drops were necessary for 50% of the patients, CSFT was significantly reduced at all follow-up visits (p < 0.05), although mean BCVA showed no significant improvement. One patient developed dense cataract progression and another showed vitreoretinal traction at week 24. No inflammation or endophthalmitis was observed.

Conclusion

Treatment of DME refractory to laser and/or anti-VEGF therapy with combined PRN IV dexamethasone aqueous solution and bevacizumab was associated with adverse effects related to the use of corticosteroids. However, there was a significant improvement in CSFT meantime best-correct visual acuity remained stable or improved in 50% of patients.
Evaluation of HLA-B51 frequency and its relationship with clinical findings in patients with Behçet’s disease: 4-year analysis in a single center
Authors: Erdem Sultanoğlu Tuba , Eröz Recep , Ataoğlu Safinaz
Published: March 2023

Background

The clinical findings of Behçet’s disease (BD) differ according to the country and race investigated. The most important genetic factor known in the pathogenesis of BD is HLA-B51, and this positivity is high in countries on the “Silk Road” where BD is as frequent as it is in Turkey. Although the positivity of HLA B51 is proven to be high in Turkey, there are no studies in the area of the western Black sea demonstrating its relation to the demographic. We aimed to investigate the association of HLA-B51 positivity in Turkish patients diagnosed as having BD and the relationship between the demographic and clinical findings of the patients.

Results

In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of adults with BD was obtained from an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between January 2018 and January 2022. Patients were diagnosed as having BD according to the criteria of the International BD Study Group, and the patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded retrospectively. Demographic data and the frequency of clinical findings were compared between patients who were HLA-B51-positive and HLA-B51-negative. Sixty patients (55.6%) were HLA-B51-positive. Oral ulceration, genital ulceration, thrombophlebitis, and family history of BD were found to be higher in patients who were HLA-B51-positive. Erythema nodosum, papulopustular eruption, pathergy positivity, arthritis, and ocular involvement were less frequent in patients with HLA-B51 positivity. However, there were no statistically significant differences according to the frequency of clinical findings between the HLA-B51-positive and HLA-B51-negative groups.

Conclusions

HLA B51 positivity is not diagnostic of BD; however, it may affect clinical phenotypes. Although oral and genital ulcerations, thrombophlebitis, and positive family history of BD were found to be common in patients with HLA-B51 positivity, this relationship could not reach statistical significance.
Spectral decomposition and multifrequency joint amplitude-variation-with-offset inversion based on the neural network
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Yanfei
Published: March 2023

The conventional amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) inversion method based on the amplitude attribute of prestack gathers calculates the elastic parameters of underground media through the variation of amplitude with offset. However, when the underground medium is a thin interlayer, the tuning effect will occur, which is the aliasing phenomenon of amplitude at the reflection interface. The tuning effect makes the conventional AVO inversion method based on amplitude attributes difficult to solve the problem of thin interlayer recognition. In addition, the same reflection interface will have different AVO characteristics at different frequencies, whereas the frequency factor is not included in conventional AVO inversion methods. Two-stage neural network approaches based on deep learning are combined to improve the resolution of thin interlayers and to accurately invert the elastic parameters. For the first-stage neural network, a fully connected network is used to solve the inversion spectral decomposition problem. It can eliminate the thin interlayer tuning effect, effectively improve the resolution, and obtain reflection coefficients at different frequencies. For the second-stage neural network, a multichannel convolutional neural network is used to establish the mapping relationship between multifrequency reflection coefficients and elastic parameters, so that the multifrequency joint inversion of the elastic parameters could be realized. This procedure is applied to synthetic data (with and without noise) to indicate the resistance to noise interference of the two-stage deep-learning method. Compared with the method of directly predicting elastic parameters using seismic data and the conventional AVO inversion method, the two-stage deep-learning method can describe the elastic parameters of thin interbeds more accurately. The same procedure is applied to the field data, and the inversion results indicate that they can well match with the well-logging data. Hence, it is promising for practical applications.
Dipolar particles trapped in a cylindrical pore
Authors: Mourad A. , Mohrbach H. , Messina R.
Published: March 2023

A salient effect of strong confinement, especially when quasi one-dimensional, is to drastically alter the phase behavior and concomitantly the physico-chemical properties of a substance encountered in the bulk. The ground state phase diagram of dipolar hard spheres of diameter d as a function of the pore opening

, with D being the cylinder diameter of the confining pore, is investigated theoretically. Whereas finding the densest configurations with hard spheres would be a purely geometrical problem, the situation becomes much more intricate with long-ranged anisotropic interactions. As a major finding, long pores prohibit chain undulation (helicity) and wall-contact–free (floating) linear chain bundles emerge. These results shed light on recent experimental observations with magnetic colloids in microtubes. Applications in other fields are discussed as well.
Birth process of electron-positron pairs inside supercritical fields
Authors: Gong C. , Su Q. , Grobe R.
Published: March 2023

We propose a computational quantum field theoretical approach to obtain a microscopic insight into the creation process of electrons and positrons as well as their subsequent motion inside a supercritical external field with space-time resolution. A machine-learning–based method permits us to address fundamental questions such as where inside the interaction region the particles are being created and what their initial velocity distribution is. It suggests that the particles' most likely birth positions change in time during the dynamics. At early times the particles' birth density is roughly proportional to the square of the force field, but in the long-time and steady state production regime their possible birth locations narrow down significantly. Counterintuitively, this leads for longer times to the occurrence of “birth-free” zones within the field, where particles are no longer created even though the electric field is maximal there. The genetic-programming–based symbolic regression algorithms first learn multiple sequences of partially dressed positronic spatial probability densities as training data and then exploit their features as a function of the dressing strength in order to predict the particles' true distribution in space and momentum.
Preoperative Partial Breast Irradiation in Patients with Low-Risk Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Civil Yasmin A. , Jonker Lysanne W. , Groot Koerkamp Maartje P. M. , Duvivier Katya M. , de Vries Ralph , Oei Arlene L. , Slotman Berend J. , van der Velde Susanne , van den Bongard H. J. G. Desirée
Published: March 2023

Background

Preoperative instead of standard postoperative partial breast irradiation (PBI) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has the advantage of reducing the irradiated breast volume, toxicity, and number of radiotherapy sessions and can allow tumor downstaging. In this review, we assessed tumor response and clinical outcomes after preoperative PBI.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies on preoperative PBI in patients with low-risk breast cancer using the databases Ovid Medline, Embase.com, Web of Science (Core Collection), and Scopus (PROSPERO registration CRD42022301435). References of eligible manuscripts were checked for other relevant manuscripts. The primary outcome measure was pathologic complete response (pCR).

Results

A total of eight prospective and one retrospective cohort study were identified (n = 359). In up to 42% of the patients, pCR was obtained and this increased after a longer interval between radiotherapy and BCS (0.5–8 months). After a maximum median follow-up of 5.0 years, three studies on external beam radiotherapy reported low local recurrence rates (0–3%) and overall survival of 97–100%. Acute toxicity consisted mainly of grade 1 skin toxicity (0–34%) and seroma (0–31%). Late toxicity was predominantly fibrosis grade 1 (46–100%) and grade 2 (10–11%). Cosmetic outcome was good to excellent in 78–100% of the patients.

Conclusions

Preoperative PBI showed a higher pCR rate after a longer interval between radiotherapy and BCS. Mild late toxicity and good oncological and cosmetic outcomes were reported. In the ongoing ABLATIVE-2 trial, BCS is performed at a longer interval of 12 months after preoperative PBI aiming to achieve a higher pCR rate.
The Public Health Effects of Legalizing Marijuana
Authors: Anderson D. Mark , Rees Daniel I.
Published: March 2023

Thirty-six states have legalized medical marijuana and 18 states have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes. In this paper, we review the literature on the public health consequences of legalizing marijuana, focusing on studies that have appeared in economics journals as well as leading public policy, public health, and medical journals. Among the outcomes considered are: youth marijuana use, alcohol consumption, the abuse of prescription opioids, traffic fatalities, and crime. For some of these outcomes, there is a near consensus in the literature regarding the effects of medical marijuana laws (MMLs). As an example, leveraging geographic and temporal variation in MMLs, researchers have produced little credible evidence to suggest that legalization promotes marijuana use among teenagers. Likewise, there is convincing evidence that young adults consume less alcohol when medical marijuana is legalized. For other public health outcomes such as mortality involving prescription opioids, the effect of legalizing medical marijuana has proven more difficult to gauge and, as a consequence, we are less comfortable drawing firm conclusions. Finally, it is not yet clear how legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes will affect these and other important public health outcomes. We will be able to draw stronger conclusions when more posttreatment data are collected in states that have recently legalized recreational marijuana. (JEL I12, I18, K32, K42, R41)
Prediction of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using baseline FDG PET heterogeneity features in breast cancer
Authors: Oliveira Carla , Oliveira Francisco , Vaz Sofia C. , Marques Hugo Pinto , Cardoso Fátima
Published: March 2023

Complete pathological response to neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST) in some subtypes of breast cancer (BC) has been used as a surrogate of long-term outcome. The possibility of predicting BC pathological response to NAST based on the baseline 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), without the need of an interim study, is a focus of recent discussion. This review summarises the characteristics and results of the available studies regarding the potential impact of heterogeneity features of the primary tumour burden on baseline FDG PET in predicting pathological response to NAST in BC patients. Literature search was conducted on PubMed database and relevant data from each selected study were collected. A total of 13 studies were eligible for inclusion, all of them published over the last 5 years. Eight out of 13 analysed studies indicated an association between FDG PET-based tumour uptake heterogeneity features and prediction of response to NAST. When features associated with predicting response to NAST were derived, these varied between studies. Therefore, definitive reproducible findings across series were difficult to establish. This lack of consensus may reflect the heterogeneity and low number of included series. The clinical relevance of this topic justifies further investigation about the predictive role of baseline FDG PET.
The number of neutral mutants in an expanding Luria-Delbrück population is approximately Fréchet
Authors: Frank Steven A.
Published: March 2023

Background: A growing population of cells accumulates mutations. A single mutation early in the growth process carries forward to all descendant cells, causing the final population to have a lot of mutant cells. When the first mutation happens later in growth, the final population typically has fewer mutants. The number of mutant cells in the final population follows the Luria-Delbrück distribution. The mathematical form of the distribution is known only from its probability generating function. For larger populations of cells, one typically uses computer simulations to estimate the distribution.

Methods: This article searches for a simple approximation of the Luria-Delbrück distribution, with an explicit mathematical form that can be used easily in calculations.

Results: The Fréchet distribution provides a good approximation for the Luria-Delbrück distribution for neutral mutations, which do not cause a growth rate change relative to the original cells.

Conclusions: The Fréchet distribution apparently provides a good match through its description of extreme value problems for multiplicative processes such as exponential growth.
The disconnect between researcher ambitions and reality in achieving impact in the Earth & Environmental Sciences – author survey
Authors: Kelly Andrew , Gardner Victoria , Gilbert Anna
Published: March 2023

Background: There is an increasing desire for research to provide solutions to the grand challenges facing our global society, such as those expressed in the UN SDGs (“real-world impact”). Herein, we undertook an author survey to understand how this desire influenced the choice of research topic, choice of journal, and preferred type of impact.

Methods: We conducted a survey of authors who had published in >100 of our Earth & Environmental Science journals. The survey was sent to just under 60,000 authors and we received 2,695 responses (4% response rate).  

Results: Respondents indicated that the majority of their research (74%) is currently concerned with addressing urgent global needs, whilst 90% of respondents indicated that their work either currently contributed to meeting real-world problems or that it would be a priority for them in the future; however, the impetus for this research focus seems to be altruistic researcher desire, rather than incentives or support from publishers, funders, or their institutions. Indeed, when contextualised within existing reward and incentive structures, respondents indicated that citations or downloads were more important to them than contributing to tackling real-world problems.

Conclusions: At present, it seems that the laudable and necessary ambition of researchers in the Earth & Environmental Sciences to contribute to the tackling of real-world problems, such as those included in the UN SDGs, is seemingly being lost amidst the realities of being a researcher, owing to the prioritisation of other forms of impact, such as citations and downloads.
Medical student flourishing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at one U.S. institution
Authors: Kelly-Hedrick Margot , Iuliano Kayla , Tackett Sean , Chisolm Margaret S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Medical education research often focuses on measuring negative mental states like burnout, rather than focusing on positive states like well-being. Flourishing – a state that includes domains of happiness and mental health - is a way of thinking about well-being that may be relevant to education and research. The purpose of this prospective, observational study was to compare the relationship among flourishing, other well-being measures, and burnout in medical students via a survey administered at two time points.   

Methods: We surveyed medical students at one U.S. institution about their flourishing, satisfaction with work-life balance, quality of life, empathic concern, and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Flourishing was measured using two scores, the Flourish Index (FI) and Secure Flourish Index (SFI), with higher scores indicating greater flourishing. Pre- and post-scores for both measures were compared.

Results: 107/585 (18%) medical students responded to the survey and 78/107 (73%) participated in the post survey. At the first time point, respondents reported both a mean FI and SFI 6.7 (SD=1.3); higher levels of flourishing correlated with higher satisfaction with work-life balance (p<.001), higher quality of life (p<.001), and lower levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion p<.001; depersonalization p=.021). SFI scores were higher at the second time point (M=7.1, SD=1.2) than the first (M=6.7, SD=1.3, p=.026). FI, satisfaction with work-life balance, quality of life, empathic concern, and burnout were unchanged at the second time point.

Discussion: Like past findings in medical residents, we found medical students’ flourishing—as measured by FI and SFI scores—correlated with greater satisfaction with work-life balance, higher quality of life, and lower burnout. In this limited sample, we found flourishing remained largely unchanged after the COVID-19 pandemic onset.
Graduate health professions education programs as they choose to represent themselves: A website review
Authors: Schermerhorn Janse , Wilcox Shelby , Durning Steven , Costello Joseph , Norton Candace , Meyer Holly
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In an age of increasingly face-to-face, blended, and online Health Professions Education, students have more choices of institutions at which to study their degree. For an applicant, oftentimes, the first step is to learn more about a program through its website. Websites allow programs to convey their unique voice and to share their mission and values with others such as applicants, researchers, and academics. Additionally, as the number of health professions education (HPE) programs rapidly grows, websites can share the priorities of these programs. 

Methods: In this study, we conducted a website review of 158 HPE websites to explore their geographical distributions, missions, educational concentrations, and various programmatic components.

Results: We compiled this information and synthesized pertinent aspects, such as program similarities and differences, or highlighted the omission of critical data.

Conclusions: Given that websites are often the first point of contact for prospective applicants, curious collaborators, and potential faculty, the digital image of HPE programs matters. We believe our findings demonstrate opportunities for growth within institutions and assist the field in identifying the priorities of HPE programs. As programs begin to shape their websites with more intentionality, they can reflect their relative divergence/convergence compared to other programs as they see fit and, therefore, attract individuals to best match this identity. Periodic reviews of the breadth of programs, such as those undergone here, are necessary to capture diversifying goals, and serves to help advance the field of HPE as a whole.
A preliminary investigation of the effects of surface waters of the Bakırçay River on the growth of green algae Scenedesmus dimorphus
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Meltem , Aygen Cem , Karaaslan Muhammet Ali , Özdemir Mis Didem , Çakal Arslan Özlem
Published: March 2023

Bakırçay River, one of the important rivers of the Aegean region, has a length of 129 km and an approximate catchment area of 3160 km2. Bakırçay River, which carries agricultural drainage and polluted wastewater with high nitrogen and phosphorus content, is polluted due to domestic and agricultural resources. The water of the Bakırçay River is used for irrigation in agriculture and fishing from the dam lakes on the river for feeding purposes also negatively affects the health of the people in the vicinity. In the Bakırçay River, there is widespread pollution caused by mining areas as well as domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. For this purpose, the “Algal Growth Inhibition Test, OECD 201” was applied to the water samples obtained from 10 stations on the Bakırçay River. Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turpin) Kützing, 1834 green algae culture, accepted as the primary trophic level representative for the " Algal Growth Inhibition Test, OECD 201" test, one of the short-term phytotoxicity test methods, was used in this test. Water samples were tested at five different dilutions (40, 60, 80, 100 %). To determine the effects on the growth of Scenedesmus dimorphus, the cells were counted by fluorimeter (Turner design) daily at the same time and the test duration was 72 hours. In conclusion, the highest level of toxicity was found at Stations 1, 9, 10,13,14, and 15. The reason for this was that there was a coal facility near Station 9 and that all branches of the Bakırçay River joined near Station15 and then drained into Çandarlı Bay.
Cytogenetic characteristics of endemic Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ and Freyhof, 2011 in Türkiye
Authors: Doori Ahmed Sadeq Jaber , Arslan Atilla
Published: March 2023

In this study, a detailed chromosome analysis of the endemic Cappadocian Chub, Squalius cappadocicus in Melendiz Stream (Aksaray) was performed. The standard Giemsa staining, C-banding (CBG and CB-DAPI), and Ag-NOR technique were applied. The diploid chromosome number was 50; its karyotype formula was 14M + 16Sm + 10St + 10A. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes weren’t detected in the karyotype of the studied specimens. The number of all chromosomal arms (NF) was 90. In the standard C-banded and CB-DAPI karyotype of the species, dark C-bands were observed in the centromeric region of some bi-armed and acrocentric chromosomes, while slightly centromeric or pericentromeric C-bands were detected in some chromosomes. Three different active Ag-NORs, which were hemizygous, were detected in all samples examined. Two of these active NORs were detected in the bi-armed and the other in the acrocentric chromosome short arm. The Ag-NOR number of this species was evaluated as a feature that distinguishes it from other Squalius species in Türkiye.
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microalgae
Authors: Mutaf Tuğçe , Çalışkan Gülizar , Öncel Suphi Şurişvan , Elibol Murat
Published: March 2023

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles through biological resources has attracted attention in recent years. The main reason for that, a lot of toxic chemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents are used in physical and chemical methods which are known as conventional methods. Organisms such as plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae are alternative sources for green nanoparticle synthesis because of their more eco-friendly nature and not be a threat to human health. Microalgae as aquatic microorganisms have been added into the formulations of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical for many years, due to their high value-added metabolites such as proteins, vitamins, pigments, fatty acids, intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides. In addition, microalgae have a high potential in biogenic nanoparticle synthesis because of their metal ions accumulation capability, phytoremediation potential, and rich in intracellular and extracellular metabolites that will reduce metal ions to elemental state. In recent years, the number of studies, focused on silver, gold, titanium, zinc, iron, etc. nanoparticle synthesis from many microalgae species by intracellular and extracellular pathways has increased. This review article aims to provide a brief outline of microalgae and cyanobacteria species studied in the context of nanoparticle synthesis, different approaches for nanoparticle synthesis from microalgae, the mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis, and basic characterization principles and antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles produced by green synthesis.
Can Global Sourcing Strategy Predict Stock Returns?
Authors: Jain Nitish , Wu Di (Andrew)
Published: March 2023

Problem definition: Whereas firms are increasingly relying on sourcing globally as a key constituent of their supply chain strategy, there is no empirical evidence on whether investors of these firms adequately reflect firms’ global sourcing strategy (GSS) in their stock-valuation process. In this paper, we empirically test whether stock market participants are efficient in doing so. Methodology/results: Using the empirical asset-pricing framework, we find that information concerning firms’ GSS strongly predicts their future stock returns. We compile a transaction-level imports database for U.S.-listed firms and construct measures for five widely studied GSS aspects in the operations management literature: the extent of global sourcing, supplier relationship strength, supplier concentration, sourcing lead time, and sourcing countries’ logistical efficiency. For each measure, we examine returns of a zero-cost investment strategy of buying from the highest and selling from the lowest quintile of that measure. Collectively, these investment strategies yield an average annual four-factor alpha of 6%–9.6% (6%–13.9%) with value (equal)-weighted portfolios. Their return predictability is incremental over other operations- and cost arbitrage–motivated predictors, such as inventory turnover, cash conversion cycle, and gross profitability; is persistent across different supply chain positions; and is robust to alternate risk models, subsamples, and empirical specifications. Together, our results indicate that the GSS measures embody independent information about firms’ future profitability, and this information is mispriced by market participants, leading to predictable returns. In accordance with this mechanism, we find that the GSS measures strongly predict both firms’ future earnings and the surprise in market reactions around the earnings announcement days. Managerial implications: The robust return predictability of our GSS measures suggests that investors are not fully incorporating GSS-related information in their stock valuation frameworks. Therefore, our results call for greater investor education on global sourcing and better dissemination of global-sourcing information so as to mitigate valuation inefficiency.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1189 .
Diferencias en la discriminación salarial por género entre contratos a tiempo completo y contratos a tiempo parcial en España: Importancia de la ocupación
Authors: Camacho Peñalosa María Enriqueta , Vásquez María José
Published: March 2023

En el artículo se investiga la brecha salarial de género en España con datos de la Encuesta de Estructura Salarial de 2018. Descompone en parte explicada y no explicada comparando los resultados de los modelos de Reimers, Cotton y Jann. Como factores explicativos, además de la antigüedad, estudios y tipo de contrato, habituales en la literatura, introduce la ocupación. El estudio trata separadamente a los trabajadores a tiempo completo de los trabajadores a tiempo parcial. Esta distinción es importante debido a las características del mercado laboral español, donde en los contratos a tiempo parcial predominan las mujeres. Los resultados muestran que las contratadas a tiempo parcial están menos discriminadas, y a menor nivel de estudios y en las ocupaciones de menor cualificación, la discriminación en el salario de la mujer va a su favor.
Entre la reinvención y la reactivación: el caso del Plan Reactívate Fundación WWB Colombia como estrategia de recuperación económica enfocada en emprendimientos por necesidad
Authors: Jiménez Restrepo Diana Marcela , Zarama Valdes Lina Alejandra , Urbano Juan Camilo , Girón Daniel , Castillo Estéfano , Barberán Aura María , Pretel-Meneses Álvaro José , Cortés Salina Esneyder
Published: March 2023

Como estrategia para contener los efectos de la crisis social y económica generada por la pandemia de la COVID-19, la Fundación WWB Colombia diseñó e implementó el Plan Reactívate para fortalecer la actividad económica y comercial de emprendedoras y emprendedores por necesidad del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es el de presentar la evaluación de impacto del Plan Reactívate usando la metodología cuantitativa cuasiexperimental propensity score matching y métodos cualitativos para validar los impactos logrados. Entre los resultados se tiene que la brecha en términos de la recuperación de ingresos entre los emprendimientos participantes del Plan y los no participantes, fue al menos del 40 % mostrando la importancia de este tipo de programas para fomentar la recuperación económica en este tipo de unidades productivas y la necesidad de diseñar políticas y programas focalizados para el fortalecimiento de los emprendimientos.
Characterization of the dynamic stretching stages of polymeric fibers using dispersion measurements
Authors: Raslan M. I.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we characterize the dynamics of the molecular chains at different stages of stretching polymeric monofilament fibers. The main stages characterized in this work are shear-bands, necking, crazes, cracks, and fracture regions. Digital photoelasticity and white-light two-beam interferometry are utilized to study each phenomenon by finding the dispersion curves and the 3D birefringence profiles using a single-shot pattern, which is performed for the first time, to our best knowledge. We also suggest an equation to find the full-field distribution of the oscillation energy. This study presents a clear vision on the behavior of the polymeric fibers at a molecular level during dynamic stretching until reaching its fracture point. Patterns of these deformation stages are given for illustration.
Deep SBP+: breaking through the space-bandwidth product limit based on a physical-driven cycle constraint framework
Authors: Xiao Zhibo , Gu Yuanjie , Zhu Lin , Liu Cheng , Wang Shouyu
Published: March 2023

To obtain an image with both high spatial resolution and a large field of view (FoV), we designed a deep space-bandwidth product (SBP)-expanded framework (Deep SBP+). Combining a single-captured low-spatial-resolution image with a large FoV and a few captured high-spatial-resolution images in sub-FoVs, an image with both high spatial resolution and a large FoV can be reconstructed via Deep SBP+. The physical model-driven Deep SBP+ reconstructs the convolution kernel as well as up-samples the low-spatial resolution image in a large FoV without relying on any external datasets. Compared to conventional methods relying on spatial and spectral scanning with complicated operations and systems, the proposed Deep SBP+ can reconstruct high-spatial-resolution and large-FoV images with much simpler operations and systems as well as faster speed. Since the designed Deep SBP+ breaks through the trade-off of high spatial resolution and large FoV, it is a promising tool for photography and microscopy.
Periodontal disease in chronic kidney disease patients: salivomics by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Teodoro Nepomuceno Gabrielle , Silva Neres dos Santos Raquel , Avance Pavese Larissa , Parize Graziele , Pallos Debora , Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos Marcela , da Silva Martinho Herculano
Published: March 2023

It has been reported that 58% of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have moderate to advanced periodontitis due to alterations of pH and biochemical composition in the saliva. In fact, the composition of this important biofluid may be modulated by systemic disorders. Here we investigate the micro-reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of saliva that CKD patients submitted to periodontal treatment, aiming to identify spectral biomarkers of kidney disease evolution and the effectiveness of periodontal treatment, proposing possible biomarkers of disease evolution. Saliva from 24 CKD patients—stage-5 men, 29 to 64 years old—was evaluated in (i) patients starting periodontal treatment; (ii) patients 30 days after periodontal treatment; and (iii) patients 90 days after periodontal treatment. Our findings indicated that there are statistically relevant changes among the groups after 30 and 90 days of periodontal treatment, when considering the overall spectra in the fingerprint region (800−1800cm−1). The key bands presenting good prediction power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.70) were related to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) conjugated to DNA at 883, 1031, and 1060cm−1 (carbohydrates at 1043 and 1049cm−1) and triglycerides (1461cm−1). Interestingly when analyzing the derivative spectra in the secondary structure region (1590−1700cm−1), we detected over-expression of the β-sheet class of secondary structures in 90 days of periodontal treatment, possibly related to over-expression of human B-defensins. Conformational changes in ribose sugar in this region corroborate the interpretation concerning PARP detection. To our knowledge, PARP was detected for the first time in saliva samples of stage-5 CKD patients by FTIR. All observed changes were correctly interpreted in terms of intensive apoptosis and dyslipidemia due to kidney disease progression. Biomarkers due to CKD predominate in saliva, and the relative improvement in the periodontal state did not cause remarkable changes in the spectra of saliva.
Double helix point spread function with variable spacing for precise 3D particle localization
Authors: Wang Famin , Lai Jikai , Liu Huijian , Zhao Mengyuan , Zhang Yunhai , Xu Jingjing , Yu Yingjie , Wang Chi
Published: March 2023

To extend the axial depth of nanoscale 3D-localization microscopy, we propose here a splicing-type vortex singularities (SVS) phase mask, which has been meticulously optimized with a Fresnel approximation imaging inverse operation. The optimized SVS DH-PSF has proven to have high transfer function efficiency with adjustable performance in its axial range. The axial position of the particle was computed by using both the main lobes’ spacing and the rotation angle, an improvement of the localization precision of the particle. Concretely, the proposed optimized SVS DH-PSF, with a smaller spatial extent, can effectively reduce the overlap of nanoparticle images and realize the 3D localization of multiple nanoparticles with small spacing, with respect to PSFs for large axial 3D localization. Finally, we successfully conducted extensive experiments on 3D localization for tracking dense nanoparticles at 8µm depth with a numerical aperture of 1.4, demonstrating its great potential.
Fourier holographic endoscopy for imaging continuously moving objects
Authors: Kang Munkyu , Choi Wonjun , Choi Wonshik , Choi Youngwoon
Published: March 2023

Coherent fiber bundles are widely used for endoscopy, but conventional approaches require distal optics to form an object image and acquire pixelated information owing to the geometry of the fiber cores. Recently, holographic recording of a reflection matrix enables a bare fiber bundle to perform pixelation-free microscopic imaging as well as allows a flexible mode operation, because the random core-to-core phase retardations due to any fiber bending and twisting could be removed in situ from the recorded matrix. Despite its flexibility, the method is not suitable for a moving object because the fiber probe should remain stationary during the matrix recording to avoid the alteration of the phase retardations. Here, we acquire a reflection matrix of a Fourier holographic endoscope equipped with a fiber bundle and explore the effect of fiber bending on the recorded matrix. By removing the motion effect, we develop a method that can resolve the perturbation of the reflection matrix caused by a continuously moving fiber bundle. Thus, we demonstrate high-resolution endoscopic imaging through a fiber bundle, even when the fiber probe changes its shape along with the moving objects. The proposed method can be used for minimally invasive monitoring of behaving animals.