bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of high-flow nasal cannula and conventional oxygen therapy in treating COVID-19 patients referred to the emergency department: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial
Authors: Heydari Farhad , Zamani Majid , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad , Mirmohammad Sadeghi Fatemehsadat , Hedayati Faezeh
Published: October 2024

Objective: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has been recently implicated in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). This study investigated the effect of this treatment on COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical trial performed between June and November 2021 (Delta variant of the coronavirus) at Al-Zahra Hospital in Iran, on patients with COVID-19 referred to the emergency department (ED). COVID-19 patients who had peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2)≤90% despite receiving nasal oxygen (up to 6 L/min) were included in the study and randomly assigned to receive either HFNC or conventional oxygen therapy (COT) treatment. The patients were compared regarding vital signs, SpO2, and the need for endotracheal intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The calculated sample size was 35 patients in each group. The variables were compared using the chi-square, student’s t-test, or Mann-Whitney U tests. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Eighty-seven patients with a mean age of 65.3±14.8 (62.1% male) were included. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, time interval from onset to diagnosis, and underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, etc.) (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was reported between SpO2 and PaO2/FiO2 vital signs at the beginning of treatment between the two groups. One hour after treatment, respiratory rate, SpO2, and PaO2/ FiO2 were better in the HFNC group compared to the COT group (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding in-hospital mortality or the need for endotracheal intubation or ICU admission. Conclusion: Early use of HFNC oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19 can improve SpO2, respiratory rate, and PaO2/FiO2 levels, making it highly valuable from a clinical point of view.
Nurses’ attitude toward trauma-informed care in critical care units: A cross-sectional study
Authors: AlKotaifan Hashem , Abdelkader Raghad H. , Alshloul Mohammad N. , Hamaideh Shaher H. , ALBashtawy Mohammed S. , Alshloul Nazzal M. , Alshloul Doha M.
Published: October 2024

Objective: Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an innovative concept that recognizes the lasting impact of psychological trauma. Critical care nurses’ attitude toward TIC plays an essential role in assessing, monitoring, and addressing trauma experienced by patients. This study aimed to describe critical care nurses’ attitudes toward TIC in critical care units at Jordanian military hospitals. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 315 critical care nurses at seven military hospitals (two from the north, three from the center, and two from the south) in 2022. The data collection tool was the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care-35 (ARTIC-35) scale. Multi-stage sampling approach was used to recruit critical care nurses. Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM-SPSS) V. 23 was used to analyze data. Results: In the sample of 315 nurses, gender was significantly associated with the reactions subscale (P=0.001). Also, there were statistical differences between nurses working in the emergency department and those working in intensive care units regarding the responses and behaviors subscales, with emergency department nurses scoring higher on the scale (P=0.003). Regarding in-service training in trauma-related care, the causes subscale was significantly different based on the number of training sessions with higher scores among nurses with higher training (P=0.02). Conclusion: Critical care nurses had an unfavorable attitude toward TIC. Health organizations, nurse managers, universities, and other stakeholders should collaborate to achieve a national strategy to raise awareness about TIC. Much research is needed to explore nurses’ attitudes toward TIC in diverse health sectors.
Navigating New Horizons: Challenges and Opportunities for Eritrean Expatriates in the U.S.
Authors: Yussuf Osman
Published: October 2024

This research employ qualitative research methodology to explores the challenges and opportunities faced by Eritrean expatriates in America. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven Eritrean expatriates living in different states in the United States. The study sought to answer three research questions: What challenges do Eritrean expatriates face in America? What opportunities do Eritrean expatriates perceive in America? How do Eritrean expatriates experience and perceive the process of adaptation to their local communities in America? The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, and three major themes emerged that answered the research questions formulated: perceptions of challenges, perceptions of opportunities, and perceptions of adaptation. Eritrean expatriates reported various challenges, including cultural differences, social isolation, lack of resources, and legal challenges. Some expatriates expressed a desire to return home but felt trapped due to the difficulties of reintegration.Despite the challenges, expatriates also reported opportunities, including access to better education, job opportunities, and the space to express oneself. The cultural clash between Arabic and American cultures was highlighted as a barrier to adaptation in America.
An Empirical Evaluation of Eritrean Expatriates in the USA
Authors: Yussuf Osman
Published: October 2024

The number of Eritreans leaving Eritrea in search of a better life and future in foreign countries has increased in the past years. As a consequence of the conflict that has erupted between Ethiopia and Eritrea, Eritrean communities in the USA have established organizations and consortiums in order to encourage their members to work together towards common goals. The aim of this research study is to investigate and evaluate the positive and negative sides of being a first-generation Eritrean expatriate in the USA through empirical qualitative interviews with 20 respondents. The study begins with the backstory of the respondents regarding the reasons why they moved to the USA in the first place. It then goes on to examine the respondents' acculturation process in terms of Eritrean culture and American culture. Furthermore, the results from the interviews are analyzed and evaluated in terms of supporting and opposing arguments, as well as implications, applications, and recommendations for future similar research projects. The research study provides insight into the experiences of Eritrean expatriates in the USA, making it useful for anyone who has an interest in the lives of expatriates. Additionally, it is believed that the findings of this research project will be useful for organizations that concern themselves with the welfare of Eritrean communities abroad.
Influencing Factors for Sanitary Sewage in Brazilian Municipalities
Authors: Pires João Teixeira
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is to identify the main influential factors for the attendance of sanitary sewage in Brazilian municipalities, through a survey and quantitative analysis of secondary data. The justification is to contribute to a more systemic and integrated view of sanitary sewage services in the country and their potential causes linked to the context of infrastructure in the country. The conceptual framework pre-establishes relationships between total sanitary sewage care and independent variables related to the availability of sustainable inputs/technologies, nature and quality of institutions, human competences, financing, socio-environmental governance and sanitary administration. The methodology adopted is quantitative research, with random and stratified sampling of municipalities, applying correlation analysis and multivariate regression. The results of the research point to a positive correlation between the total sanitary sewage service and variables associated with the physical governmental structure and human relations existing in the health area. On the other hand, they identify a negative correlation with legislation aimed at the ecological, economic and social zoning of the localities, which may indicate that this legal-institutional framework is not being properly integrated into the planning and implementation of sanitation infrastructures and, thus, guaranteeing, in fact, better living and housing conditions for the populations.
Computational Study of Turbulence and Recirculation Effects in Turbine Blade Cooling Channel
Authors: Alrajhi J.
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a two-dimensional computational model for the cooling passages in turbine blades. Turbulators are installed on both sides of the duct to enhance turbulence and improve heat transfer efficiency. The objective of this research is to analyze rectangular turbulators by examining the velocity, pressure, and turbulence before and after the turbulators. The findings reveal that recirculation zones diminish following the first two turbulators but increase behind the final turbulator upstream of the U-turn. Significant recirculation occurs on the upper and outer sides of the bend. High-velocity regions are observed on the inner side of the bend and after the first lower turbulator downstream of the U-turn.
Modelling and Simulation of Microgrid Energy Systems in Edo State: Unveiling Opportunities and Addressing Challenges
Authors: Daniel N Idemudia , Jimoh Ahmed
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design and simulation of a microgrid energy system tailored for a Polytechnic community in Edo State, Nigeria. The system was initially sized and designed using Homer Pro software, resulting in a configuration that includes the grid system, 3,726 solar panels each rated at 0.5 kW, a 1.5 MVA diesel generator, and a 500 kW inverter, covering an area of 17,696 m² with a total cost of ₦295. The design achieves a simple payback period of 3 years and 5 months, reducing electricity bills by 88% and lowering CO₂ emissions. Given the high PV capacity of 1,863 kW required, additional software tools such as OpenSolar, PVWatt, and REopt were utilized to optimize the PV size. The optimized design features a PV capacity of 675.2 kW, comprising 96-cell modules each rated at 500 W, with 25 modules connected in series and 54 in parallel. The system also includes a utility grid connection and a diesel generator for emergencies. The microgrid was then simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment to analyze its dynamic performance. The initial simulation showed acceptable dynamics with load variations but was slow. To address this, a reduced order model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink, enhancing simulation speed by over four times compared to the original model. Additionally, a monitoring system for the microgrid was designed, requiring 54 DC current sensors, one DC voltage sensor, nine AC current sensors, and six AC voltage sensors, all connected to a data logger interfaced with a computer system for remote monitoring and control. This paper provides comprehensive details on system design, sizing, dynamic simulation, reduced order modeling, and monitoring.
Integrated Land Atmosphere Monitoring in Rivers State Nigeria with UAV
Authors: Anetokhe Meshach , Ibrahim Abubakar Suleiman
Published: October 2024

Automatic data analysis systems in the IoT were crucial to our investigation. A major use of drones was monitoring land atmosphere, especially in cities. Analysing metropolitan areas with pollutants and animal habitats required this monitoring. Data analysis helped identify river irregularities, lowering the likelihood of ecological disasters and floods. Continuous monitoring allowed urbanisation impact assessments and environmental conservation. This study presented an end-to-end system where drone users measured and the U-Net network segmentation mask was augmented by image processing techniques. The system segmented with a neural network and overlaid the mask over edge-detected images. All pixels under the mask were clustered to establish river or bank affiliation. Additionally, several measurements from the same location were compared and analysed for variations. The system architecture automated activities using graphics processing algorithms, resulting in more accurate segmentation. We used VGG16 to encode data from southern Polish rivers and achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.8524. This strategy was especially useful in Rivers State, Nigeria, where oil bunkering and unlawful refining caused widespread black soot. These activities substantially harmed air quality and public health, necessitating accurate and regular environmental monitoring. The UAV-based integrated land-atmosphere monitoring system detected and analysed these environmental issues, showing the major impact of industrial activity on the local environment and helping design appropriate mitigation methods.
Environmental Risk Assessment and Modeling of TPH and PAHS in OBRIKOM 15 Access Road Mini Manifold Spill
Authors: BEREIWERISO MOSES OTONYE
Published: October 2024

From the anthropogenesis operations of petroleum hydrocarbon related activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, the possibilities of environmental crisis and associated hazards is highly expected. BETX and PAHs as major constituents of petroleum hydrocarbon and their impacts on the environment had caused ecological imbalance with contamination/pollution resulting from crude oil spillages. Random sampling method was adopted and soil samples were collected using amber wide-mouth and vial glass bottles with the aid of soil auger at 0-4m depths and analysed using GC-FID, GC-MSD and APHA analytical techniques. The TPH and PAHs decreased with depth. The TPH measured values were up to 1,636.85mg/kg and PAHs as high as 5,702.21mg/kg in soil with below detectable level (BDL) of BTEX. CF values were between 0.059 to 0.327 and the DC value was 2.511 respectively, made Obrikom spill site soil lowly contaminated while the l-geo calculation values of PAHs was between 3.615 to 6.571 indicating strongly contaminated. The hypothesis testing calculation shows that the calculated value is less than the table value and therefore the hypothesis is upheld which states that there is no relationship between TPH and PAHs concentrations in Obrikom soil impacted site. The contour maps show decreasing values of TPH and PAHs from the point of spill and depth while variogram models revealed a continuous behavior having similar trends of identical exponential variograms.
Coefficient Analysis of the Alluvial Fan Surface Geometry: A Methodological Approach to Applied Geomorphology
Authors: Sasmal Dr Ramapada
Published: October 2024

The alluvial fan is a depositional geomorphic surface at the foothills. Most of the alluvial fans in tropical regions are highly dynamic under wet climatic conditions and neotectonic environments. The fans of this region are covered with fertile top soils and deep forests. The soils attack people for agriculture in this region. Presently the continuously growing population pressure causes huge deforestation in these alluvial fan areas for cultivation which causes an accelerating rate of natural hazards like flash floods, landslides, and soil erosion that accelerate the dynamic nature of the fan surfaces. The coefficient analysis helps to understand the dynamic nature of the alluvial fan surface and thus helps to identify the hazard-prone area for planning purposes.
Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Management Practices in Kiharu Sub- County, Murang'a County, Kenya
Authors: P. K. Murunga , S. W. Muriuki,
Published: October 2024

Waste management is a global concern due to the amount of waste produced. Globally, 2.01 billion tons of solid waste is produced annually with 33 percent of waste not managed safely. By 2050 waste generated is predicted to increase to 3.40 billion tons annually. Despite the weight of these threats on ecological balance, limited research has been conducted regarding the evaluation of the degree of which poor solid waste management practices influence the environment. Understanding the scale and seriousness of these effects is essential for planning powerful waste administration procedures, strategy execution, and local area commitment initiatives. This research therefore assesses the environmental impact of waste management in Kiharu Constituency in Murang’a County, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional quantitative research design. The study targeted 19,404 households in Kiharu-sub-county and from it a sample of 200 was obtained. A total of 186 responded translating to a 93.0% response rate which was sufficient for analysis. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire where collected data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Descriptive statistical analysis was then conducted where statistics such as mean, frequency, standard deviation and percentage were produced. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used under inferential analysis to examine the significance, strength and direction of the association between waste management practices and the environmental impact. The findings of the study established that there were various wastes that were disposed in Kiharu where food wastes, construction wastes, tire wastes and agricultural wastes were identified as the most common types of solid wastes disposed. Others included Chemical and electronic wastes while industrial and biomedical wastes were present but not very common in the area. The study also established that the community used open landfills and burning waste management practices although they were not effective as they led to degradation of the environment. However, they had adopted reuse, recycling, avoidance and minimization of waste disposal, composting and energy recovery as effective waste management practices. The study also established that there was significant and positive association between solid waste management practices and the environmental impact. The findings indicated that if the wastes generated by humans were well managed through practices would lead to a better environment that is clean and healthy. The study recommended adoption of recycling and re-use methods by setting up recycling centers, awareness creation such as public training and campaigns to the community encouraging households and communities to manage their wastes efficiently, and also reduce reliance on burning and landfills. Lastly, the study recommended the use of modern waste handling equipment to enhance the efficiency and safety of waste management operations.
Effect Ofavocado Pear (Persea Americana) Peelsbiochar As Adsorbent In The Removal Ofdichlorovinyldimethlyphosphate Pesticide In Contaminatedsoil
Authors: S. N. Awolo , C. I Osu, , T.J.K Ideriah , C. Okafor
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of avocado pear biochar (APB) on the removal of DichlorovinylDimethlyPhosphate (also known as DDVP or Dichlorvos) pesticide in soil through bioremediation processes. Biochar prepared from avocardo pear was pyrolysed at 500°C. Experimental procedures were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of adding biochar to soil by determining the concentration of Dichlorvos with effect of Contact time, Dosage and temperature using GC-MS. Effects of Contact time, Dosage and temperature on adsorption efficiency of APB were investigated. The results showed percentage removal of DDVP increased at different interval of time (34.52%, 51.10, 53.05% and 54.25% between 30minutes, 60minutes, 90minutes and 120 minutes respectively), dosage (62.43%, 83.15%, 90.91% and 95.65% at 2.0gram, 2.5gram, 3.0gram and 5.0gram respectively) and temperature (2.20%, 45.54%, 60.96% and 62.11% at 400C, 600C, 800C and 1000C respectively). The Langmuir and Freundlinch isotherm models described adsorption of DDVP and had best fit of R2 = 0.9337 and 0.9155 respectively.
Optimizing Project Management System in Construction Development: A Case Study of the Upper Cisokan Hydro Electric Power Plant
Authors: Sinaga Chandra Harianto , Lestari Yuliani Dwi
Published: October 2024

This study explores project management challenges in the Upper Cisokan Hydro Electric Power Plant (UCPS HEPP) project, focusing on delays and inefficiencies in stakeholder engagement and execution processes. Key issues identified include delays in completing the Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP), late preparation of detailed programs, the inability to provide timely financial statements, contractor's performance, including inadequate skills and systems. The study employs both qualitative methods, including observations and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to identify root causes and recommend solutions. Utilizing the PMBOKGuide's principles and AHP model, the study suggests that enhancing contractor skills, improving systems, and ensuring compliance with international standards are critical for project success. The findings provide practical insights for improving project management practices in similar large-scale infrastructure projects, particularly in emerging markets.
Avatars of Influence: Embracing Customer Experience in Virtual Realms
Authors: Chowdhury Soummya , Pandey Divyanshu
Published: October 2024

The connection between avatars has been extensively studied and debated across various fields, such as psychology and virtual reality. This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of avatar connection, examining its impact on society, psychology, and technology. With a deep understanding of theoretical frameworks, practical applications, and empirical data, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of avatar connection and its relevance in today's society. The psychological aspect of avatar attachment explores how individuals form emotional connections with their digital personas and how these connections impact their selfperception and behaviour in online and offline environments. This research explores the theories and empirical findings of identity formation to elucidate the mechanisms behind avatar identification and its impact on mental well-being.In addition, this analysis explores the role of avatars in facilitating social interaction and communication within virtual environments, with a particular focus on the interpersonal dynamics of avatar connections. This study explores the role of avatars in facilitating interactions between individuals and communities, drawing on social presence theory and research on virtual communities and online gatherings. The way avatar interaction has changed is truly remarkable due to the advancements in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). These technologies have greatly enhanced the feeling of being present and fully immersed in digital environments. This study delves into the potential advantages of enabling users to embody and personalize their avatars in virtual reality and augmented reality apps, with a focus on enhancing user experience and facilitating therapeutic interventions. This study article provides valuable insights into the complex nature of avatar connection, highlighting its significance in understanding human-computer interaction, virtual environments, and the formation of digital identities. This research contributes to our understanding of how individuals interact with their digital identities by integrating perspectives from computer science, sociology, and psychology.
Business Learning Communities’ Formation: CBAA as an Agent of Change Thru Entrepreneurial Mind Turn Into Business
Authors: Fuentes, DPA Maryjane D. , Palacol Rozalle H. , Lava Leomarc A. , Dimarucot Marissa L. , Romero Ethelmay R. , Tamayo Edison A. , Tombocon Joseph Benzon
Published: October 2024

Business learning communities includes the development of knowledge about various aspects of business, including regulations, best practices, and necessary skills for success. The Laguna State Polytechnic University and the College of Business Administration and Accountancy conducted this study to identify the Entrepreneurial Mind Turn Into Business (EMTIB) study to help the community about business and persuade in the entrepreneurial mind setting; examine the importance of the key concepts in business for the growth of any entity and to bring out into practice the mind-set of entrepreneurship to the community; provide basic knowledge in accounting and balancing; and establish filing systems within an organization. Majority of the respondents were non-graduate of business course in this way they will develop their core skills across in an array of the entrepreneurial topics. In business growth of any entity, they purchased goods and services from a potential entrepreneur and to know the importance of financial accounting and balancing.
Research on Consumer Demand of Aquatic Products Prefabricated Vegetable Market
Authors: Jiang Zhan Rong , Yun Yu Rao , Lai Jia Qi , Shia An-Shin
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumer demand of the prefabricated vegetable market of aquatic products in Zhanjiang City, and to conduct an online questionnaire survey of the consumers of this case by means of multivariate ordered logistic regression. Through this paper, 14 variables were analyzed, including the understanding of the product, the promotion intensity, the advertising content, the number of publicity platforms, the number of promotions, the taste of the prefabricated dishes, the convenience and time-saving production, the brand awareness, and the good reputation of the enterprise. A total of 500 questionnaires were collected, and 465 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 93%.
Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Dönemi Yapılarından Mardin İdadi Mektebi’nin Bölgesel Farklılıklar Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: Ekinci Dağtekin Emine , Saylık Sultan
Published: October 2024

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda 1773 yılından itibaren açılan askeri okullar, modern eğitim yapılarının biçimlenmesini etkilemiştir. 1856 yılında gayrimüslümlerin haklarının korunması için ilan edilen Islahat Fermanı ile birlikte İstanbul dışında sıbyan mekteplerinin ve gayrimüslümlerin kendi cemaatlerine hizmet verecek okulların açılmasına hız verilmiştir. 1869 yılında Umumi Maarif Nizamnamesi ile eğitim kurumları iptidai (ilkokullar), rüşdiye (ortaokul) ve idadi (ortaokul), idadi sultani (liseler) olmak üzere yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Sıbyan Mektebi ve Rüştiyelerden sonra açılan İdadi Mektepleri askeri okullara öğrenci yetiştirmek amacıyla oluşturulan hazırlık okulları olarak eğitime başlamış, daha sonra ortaöğretime dönüşmüştür. İlk idadi mektebi 1873 yılında Darülmaarif ile aynı binada açılmış ve Darülmaarif öğrencilerinin bir kısmı idadi okuluna kaydolmuştur. İdadiler ile müslüman ve gayrimüslim öğrencilerin birlikte eğitim alarak kaynaşmaları ve ortak bir kültürle eğitim almaları amaçlanmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde, İkinci Abdulhamit döneminin sonlarına kadar 109 idadi mektep kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada Mardin’de 1900 yılında Ermeni asıllı mimar Lole tarafından inşa edilen Mardin İdadi Mektebi’nin plan ve cephe özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bulunan Mardin İdadi Mektebi ile yakın dönemde inşa edilen Balıkesir, Kırklareli, Konya ve Aksaray idadi mektepleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmada merkezden taşraya doğru farklı coğrafya, kültür, iklim ve topoğrafik verilere sahip bölgelerden seçilen örnekler üzerinden, dönem özellikleri bakımından benzerlik, farklılık ve inşa edildikleri bölgenin kültür, malzeme ve yapım tekniğini içeren yöresel unsurlarının etkisi ortaya konulmuştur.
Anahtar kelimeler: Ulusal Mimarlık, İdadi, Mardin İdadi Mektebi.
Kırsal Mahalle Uygulamasının Su ve Kanalizasyon İdarelerinin Hizmet Sunumuna Etkisi ve Analizi: Mersin Örneği
Authors: Alıcı Orhan Veli , Deran Ali , Yaman Ahmet , Işıldaklı Başak
Published: October 2024

Türkiye’de 2014 yılında yapılan mahalli genel seçimler ile büyükşehir belediyelerinin hizmet alanı il mülki sınırı haline getirilmiştir. Bu kentlerde 2560 sayılı Kanun ile hizmet sunmakta olan Su ve Kanalizasyon İdareleri de söz konusu mülki sınırlarda içme ve kullanma suyu temin etme, kullanılmış suları arıtma ve yağmur suyunun uzaklaştırılması görevlerini ifa etmeye başlamıştır. Köylerin ve belde belediyelerinin mahalleye dönüştürülmesi ile birlikte kırsal alanda yaşayan vatandaşlara 6360 sayılı Kanun ile birtakım yerel vergi ve ücretlerden muafiyet ve istisnalar tanınmış, başlangıçta beş yıl sürmesi planlanan bu haklar 2022 yılı sonuna dek uzatılmıştır. Kırsal yaşamın gereklerine uygun olarak söz konusu vatandaşların desteklenmesi adına bu süreli hakların süresiz hale getirilmesi için 5216 sayılı Kanun’a Ek Madde 3 eklenerek “Kırsal Mahalle” uygulamasına geçilmiş, söz konusu uyum için de 6360 sayılı Kanun’un tanıdığı hakların nihai tarihi 2025 yılı sonu olarak belirlenmiştir. Ancak söz konusu uygulamaların tanıdığı ayrıcalıkların sadece yerleşim yeri özelinde tanınması sebebiyle bu kırsal alanlara yılın belirli kısımlarında gelen ve kırsal olmayan nüfusun da bu haklardan istifade ettikleri görülmektedir. Nitekim 2014 yılı ile birlikte Su ve Kanalizasyon İdarelerinin bütçeleri ve mali durumları incelendiğinde kırsal alanda hizmet sunmanın oldukça maliyetli olduğu ve anılan hak ve muafiyetlerin söz konusu idarelerin mali durumunu ve hizmet kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkilediği görülmüştür. Öte yandan bu haklardan kırsal muhitlere sınırlı zamanda yayla veya yazlık gibi saiklerle yerleşen geçici kentli nüfusun da istifade etmesi sebebiyle anılan mali zararın derinleştiği, su kaynaklarının kullanımında oluşan yoğun talep nedeniyle kırsal yaşamın zarar gördüğü ve oluşan talebin giderilmesi halinde yapılan yatırımın yılın önemli bir kısmında atıl kaldığı anlaşılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Mersin İlinde bulunan Silifke, Erdemli ve Toroslar ilçesi kırsalında bulunan mahallelere yayla saikiyle sadece yaz aylarında yerleşen nüfus incelenmiştir. Toplam 27 mahalle muhtarı ile 7 Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi bürokratı ile yapılan görüşme neticesinde elde edilen hususlara yer verilerek uygulamanın iyileştirilmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Analysis of Drought in the Sekayam Watershed during a Very Strong El Niño Event (1997)
Authors: Indrawati Ajeng Candra , Ihwan Andi , Adriat Riza
Published: October 2024

Low rainfall and limited surface water availability during El Niño events leave significant portions of Indonesia highly susceptible to drought. As a mitigation strategy to address the impacts of the El Niño phenomenon, a comprehensive analysis of drought characteristics in affected regions is essential. This study aims to assess the characteristics of meteorological drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method, and hydrological drought through the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) method, within the Sekayam Watershed. The data utilized in this study includes rainfall and streamflow data from the period of the exceptionally strong El Niño event in 1997.The findings indicate that meteorological drought in the Sekayam Watershed was predominantly classified as moderately dry, with the most severe drought conditions observed in January, March, and December, affecting a small portion of the upstream area of the watershed. In contrast, hydrological drought was primarily categorized as dry, with the most severe conditions occurring in July. Moreover, the correlation between SPI and SSI during the 1997 El Niño event was found to be strong, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77.
Keywords: Rainfall; drought; el niño; standardized precipitation index
Description of Public Knowledge About DAGUSIBU Antibiotic Drugs in RW 001 Tamalanrea Jaya Village Makassar City in 2023
Authors: AR. Nurul Izza , Rysma Putri
Published: October 2024

Antibiotics are therapy to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics must be used rationally to optimize their function. According to a study from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the United States, antibiotic use increased 65.0% from 2000 to 2015. One way to properly and correctly manage antibiotic drugs is through DAGUSIBU socialization. A preliminary survey was conducted on 5 residents, 1 person had good knowledge and 4 people had poor knowledge regarding the use and disposal of antibiotics. The aim of this research is to determine the level of public knowledge about the antibiotic drug DAGUSIBU in RW 001, Tamalanrea Jaya Village, Makassar City in 2021. This research uses a quantitative descriptive survey method. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. Data collection was carried out based on primary data in the form of a questionnaire, with a total of 50 respondents. The results of the study showed that knowledge about how to obtain antibiotic drugs was 58.0% in the quite good category, knowledge about how to use antibiotic drugs was 66.0% in the quite good category, knowledge about how to store antibiotic drugs was 84.6% in the good category. and knowledge about how to dispose of antibiotic drugs was 76.0% in the quite good category.
Investigating Small Business Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwagbala Stella Chinelo , Harrieta Aliuba Ukamaka , Obijiaku Obijiaku , Promise Chimamkpa , Ejiogu Samuel Anodi
Published: October 2024

The study examined the relationship between small business entrepreneurship and sustainable development in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, by Jay Barney in 1991. A random sampling probability technique was used. The population of the study consisted of 260 registered small businesses in Onitsha. Krejcie and Morgan's table was used to obtain a sample size of 155. Hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 27). Hypothesis one indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between creativity and social equity of small businesses in Onitsha, Anambra State, with r = 0.912, n = 155, and p-value of 0.037 (p<0.05). Hypothesis two revealed that there is a positive significant correlation between response to opportunities and environmental protection of small businesses in Onitsha, Anambra State, with r = 0.758, n = 155, and p-value of 0.022 (p<0.05). The study concluded that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between small business entrepreneurship and sustainable development in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. The study recommended that the Anambra State Government needs to promote creative initiatives in Onitsha to advance social equity and community development. The Nigerian government needs to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation among small businesses to enhance environmental protection and sustainable development in the country.
Combating the Plant Stresses through Innovations in Plant Ecology
Authors: Javed Muhammad Sheeraz , Naseem Shagufta , Raza Ali , Ali Siddho Irfan , Bano Areeba , Hassan Mukhtar , Adnan Muhammad , Zafar Chandni , Hasan Sajjad
Published: October 2024

Plant growth, productivity, and quality are all impacted by environmental factors such as abiotic stress and limited soil nutrients. Low phosphorus availability is a prevalent soil-related abiotic stress in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most mineral elements are absorbed by the action of nutrient-absorption proteins in plants. The absorption of nitrate ions by the root is regulated by high-affinity transport system. Soil may be supplemented with organic matter from several sources. The biochar is thought to have the potential to be a long-term carbon sink capacity. Carbon sequestration is an essential component of regenerative agriculture that helps to slow down global warming. Under these demanding circumstances, NPs can aid in protecting the photosynthetic machinery and enhancing photosynthesis. Certain nanoparticles, such cerium oxide and TiO2 nanoparticles, shield the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage. Prolonged dryness has also been shown to impair root development, stomatal opening, leaf size, leaf water potential, and seed quantity, size, and tolerance, which prevents flowering and fruiting and lowers crop yield. By altering the availability and plant absorption of fertilizer nutrients in the soil, engineered nanomaterials can increase crop production. By directly acting on phytopathogens through the formation of reactive oxygen species, these can limit crop illnesses.
Plant Species Formulations Used in Treatment of Different Ailments in Some Villages of Paderu Mandal, Eastern Ghats of India, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Babu N. V. Jayanth , Rao G. M. Narasimha
Published: October 2024

Present communication deals with the Ethnomedicinal practices for treating different ailments of mankind. The present study comprises a total of 44 no of ethno-medicinal formulae which provides information in detail on the therapeutic values of 29 plant species belonging to 27 genera and 21 families and covering 32 number of different ailments. Information on botanical details, method of preparation, administration of plant formulations, dosages and other details are presented herein. This data would aid as baseline information for investigators working on ethnobotany and ethnomedicine.
Chemical Characterization of Synthesized Nanoparticles from Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Seed
Authors: Okechuchukwu Okeke Chibuzor , Elvis Nnaoma Ikenna
Published: October 2024

Morinda citrifolia is an herbal medicine that is used for disease treatment as recommended in traditional medicine. The present study aimed to characterize silver nanoparticles from Noni seed. In this experimental study, green synthesis was carried out then the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, EDX, TEM and FTIR. Findings showed that SEM images of the AgNPs of different shapes were obtained in the case of different seed extracts being used as reducing and capping agents. Seed extract formed approximately spherical, triangular, and cuboidal AgNPs, respectively. Elemental mapping of AgNPs by SEM-EDX shows the presence of 0.31% Ag and 40% oxides with 39% Carbon and other elements in trace amounts. TEM image demonstrates that the AgNPs were spherical. The image shows agglomerates of small grains and some dispersed nanoparticles, confirming the results obtained by SEM. FTIR result reveals the assignment of functional groups to 19 FTIR bands (690-3833 cm 1). Bands were categorized based on possible functional group classes (alkene, aromatic, alcohol/phenol/ether, amine, etc.). Specific functional groups like alkenes, conjugated alkenes, ketones, aldehydes, nitriles, alkynes, and carboxylic acids were identified based on characteristic wavenumbers. The study presents a green synthesis approach to prepare silver nanoparticles using Noni seed extract. Reduction of silver nitrate with Noni seed extract is a simple, conducted at room temperature, efficient, and clean method to synthesize silver nanostructures.
Prevalence of ODD in Young Patients Diagnosed with NAION in Bangladesh and Explore its Clinical Significance
Authors: Morshed Dr. Md. Golam , Aktar Dr. Mst. Abeda , Huda Dr. Md. Nazmul , Mahfujullah Dr. Md. , Ullah Dr. Ameer , Emran Md. Al
Published: October 2024

Background: Optic Disc Drusen (ODD) are calcified deposits in the optic nerve head and may be implicated in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION), particularly in younger patients. NAION typically affects older individuals but is occasionally seen in younger populations, where ODD may contribute to its pathogenesis. In regions like Bangladesh, the prevalence of ODD in younger NAION patients is underreported, making it essential to explore this association further. Objective: To assess the prevalence of ODD in young patients diagnosed with NAION in Bangladesh and explore its clinical significance. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed medical records from two tertiary care centers in Bangladesh over a 10-year period (2009–2019). Patients aged 18–50 diagnosed with NAION were included, and the presence of ODD was determined using various imaging modalities such as enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US). The prevalence of ODD in NAION-affected eyes was calculated, and statistical analyses compared the presence of ODD with patient demographics and NAION characteristics. Results: ODD was detected in 53.3% of NAION-affected eyes and 56.7% of young NAION patients. EDI-OCT showed the highest sensitivity (54.2% detection in eyes and 58.3% in patients). Most ODD were bilateral (95.2%), with 20% of these patients also presenting with bilateral NAION. There was no significant difference in sex or age of onset between patients with and without ODD. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of ODD in young NAION patients in Bangladesh, suggesting a strong association between ODD and NAION in this demographic. The results emphasize the importance of using advanced imaging modalities like EDI-OCT for accurate diagnosis. Future research should investigate whether ODD is an independent risk factor for NAION in young patients.
Maxillary Sinusitis of Odontogenic Origin- A Case Report and a Short Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmed W. , Taha L. Abu , Altrabulsi N. , Ghazal S.
Published: October 2024

Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin (MSOO) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its overlapping symptoms with other forms of sinusitis. We present a case of a 17-year-old male with MSOO, emphasizing varied treatment modalities. Clinical assessment revealed facial swelling and pain, prompting a differential diagnosis. Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) confirmed odontogenic involvement. Surgical intervention included extraction, sinus lavage, and closure of oroantral communication. Postoperative recovery was successful. Discussion highlights the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of MSOO. Contemporary reports suggest odontogenic sources contribute to over half of maxillary sinusitis cases. Radiographs and CBCT aid diagnosis, delineating odontogenic involvement. Effective management includes dental evaluation and endoscopic sinus surgery, and early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications. However, consensus on antimicrobial therapy and drainage routes is lacking. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and tailored management strategies for MSOO.
Seroprevalence of Arboviruses in Travelers in Morocco: Focus on Dengue and Zika
Authors: Mahassine Moukaouim , Sidiki Kamissoko , Souhail Mouline , Zakaria Chahbi , Lamiae Arsalane , Said Zouhair , Youssef El Kamouni
Published: October 2024

Dengue and Zika viruses belong to the arbovirus family and are emerging infectious diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. Their proliferation is facilitated by factors such as adaptability, climate change, and globalization. Despite surveillance efforts by the World Health Organization (WHO), global monitoring remains limited. This study aimed to ascertain the seroprevalence of these diseases among travelers returning from endemic regions. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 2023 targeted travelers in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic. Participants were selected based on specific criteria over a six-month period. Blood samples were assessed in our laboratory using the VirClia® automated chemiluminescence immunoassay to detect Dengue and Zika IgG and IgM antibodies. The analysis involved interpretation of the results using a specific formula. The study included a young, asymptomatic cohort, averaging 30.8 years of age. Travelers were categorized according to age, sex, and country of residence. Dengue virus seroprevalence was 18.6%, predominantly IgG. The prevalence of ZIKV infection was 12.9%. The seroprevalence of these arboviruses varies according to sociodemographic factors. Epidemiological studies play a crucial role in assessing the prevalence of vector-borne diseases and informing public health strategies to mitigate their global impact.
Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Aspal Terhadap Umur Rencana Perkerasan Jalan dengan Menggunakan Agregat Kinang Jingkion
Authors: Betteng Ronald Arthur , Bahtiar Bahtiar , Awaluddin K. Duha , Mudjiati Mudjiati , Rusim Dewi Ana
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan material lokal Kinang Jingkion sebagai pengganti agregat konvensional pada pekerjaan perkerasan jalan di Kabupaten Yalimo, Provinsi Papua Pegunungan. Penggunaan material ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi tantangan tingginya biaya pengadaan bahan konstruksi di wilayah tersebut. Menggunakan metode Marshall Test pada campuran beraspal panas Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS-Base) Lapis Tipis Aspal Beton (Lataston) untuk menguji kualitas material Kinang Jingkion berdasarkan Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga dari Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kadar Aspal Optimal (KAO) berada di angka 4,44%, dengan hasil pengujian Marshall Test menunjukkan Stabilitas sebesar 801,6 kg, Flow 3,22 mm, Marshall Quotient (MQ) 252,7 kg/mm, Void in Mix (VIM) 4,65%, Void Filled with Bitumen (VFB) 75,6%, dan Stabilitas Sisa 482,09 kg. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa material Kinang Jingkion memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti agregat konvensional dalam konstruksi perkerasan jalan, dengan performa yang memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. Adanya peluang untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan konvensional yang mahal serta meningkatkan efisiensi proyek konstruksi jalan di wilayah terpencil seperti Kabupaten Yalimo melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal yang lebih terjangkau.
Role of Oral Hygiene on Occurrence of Rheumatic Fever Among Bangladeshi Children
Authors: Mahzuma Anam, , Shah Mohammad Keramat Ali, , Nadira Mehriban, , Nahian Fyrose Fahim,
Published: October 2024

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy by brushing and flossing to prevent tooth decay and gum disease This case control study was aimed to compare oral hygiene practices and oral health status between Rheumatic Fever case and control group among Bangladeshi Children and to assess socio –demographic and environmental factors influencing Rheumatic fever. Among 124 children 62 rheumatic fever cases of 5-15 years of age children were taken; 62 children of the same age without rheumatic fever were chosen as control group. The mean ± SD age of the children was 10 ± 2.41 years with a range between 6 and 15 years of age and 56 (45.2%) were male and 68(54.8%) were female. Regarding the method of tooth brushing 45.2% of rheumatic fever cases practiced. Satisfactory method of tooth brushing and only 12.9% of the control , so there was significant difference in method of tooth brushing between two groups (x2=15.557.p=0.00 ). Female 62.9% were more affected by rheumatic fever than males (37.1%). Fever and joint pain were the most common sign and symptoms of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever occurrence was more in the children whose mothers were housewives (x2=11.090; P=0.011).