bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Relaxation therapy on Anxiety through Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Sung Hee , Lee Pyoung Sook , Han Kuem Sun
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to analyze result of 14 studies which investigated the effects of relaxation therapy on Anxiety. The 14 studies analyzed in this work were selected from following sources :MEDLINE search, bibliographies of related studies, main academic journals of nursing in Korea.For the analysis of the data, homogeneity of effect sizes which were calculated based on data in the 14 studies was tested and its average effect size was computed by using meta analysis software package which was developed by Song(1998). The result can be summarized as follows :There were significant differences between experimental and control group after relaxation therapy on Anxiety. Therefore, relaxation therapy have effect on Anxiety.This result suggested that the relaxation therapy is an appropriate nursing intervention for anxiety.
The Effect of Education on the Knowledge and Attitude toward Child Sexual Abuse in School Nurses in Korea
Authors: Bae Jeong Ei , Short Kyung Hee
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of education for prevention of sexual abuse (rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment etc.) of children in school nurses.Incidences of sexual abuse in Korea is ranked 3rd in the world. Sexual abuse of children, particularly, is one of the most serious crimes that affect both the victimized children and their family. The issue related to sexual abuse of children has been ignored, and there is a lack of systematic education to prevent sexual abuse of children either for children or their parents.Furthermore, lack of knowledge and poor attitude of teachers limit their capability to provide education for sexual abuse prevention to the children. The education for teachers may change their knowledge of the sexual abuse and their attitude toward it and improve their capability in helping children.126 Korean school nurses in elementary school participated in this study. Research design was One group pretest-posttest design.The education given to the subjects included 2 hours of lecture. The education program was developed based on a survey. School- agedchildren, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. This program includes such as safety education, crisis management, resource person(s). and phone numbers of available hospital.Data was collected before, during and after the education was given to the subjects, to assess their knowledge and attitude toward child sexual abuse. Two instruments were used in this study. Using Cronbach's ALPHA validity and reliability of 2 instruments were tested. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA.The results of this analysis were as follows -1. After education, the score of school nurses knowledge was higher than before(t--7.089, P=0.0001).2. After education, the score of school nurses attitude was not higher than before (t = 1.096, p = 0.275).The findings from this study will provide an intervention strategy for prevention of sexual abuse in children.
Family Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life According to the Levels of CVA Patient's Self-Care
Authors: Lee Kang Oh , Yang Hwa Young
Published: November 2024

This study was done to examine the relationship between family caregiver burden and quality of life according to self-care levels of CVA patient. Data were collected 96 family caregivers of the CVA patients at four university oriental hospitals in Gwangju City, Jeonnam and Jeonbuk from July 20 to Aug. 10, 2001.Data collection was done by questionnaire.The research instruments used Daily Life Measurement Instrument developed by Kang Hyun-Suk(1984), Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Novak & Guest(1989) and Zarit (1980) and revised by Lee Sook-Ja( 1993). and Quality of Life Measurement Instrument developed by Noh Yoo-Ja(1988).The results of this research were as follows :1. The mean score of family caregiver burden was 2.81. The mean score of and family caregiver quality of life was 2.92. 2. The levels of family caregiver burden according to the geneial characteristics of family caregiver were statistically significant differences at age(F=3.99, p = .005), marital state(F = 7.39, p = .001), support responsibility(F=4.44, p-.O14) and patient-caregiver relationship before the attack of diseased 7 = 3.94. p= .011).3. The levels of family caregiver burden according to the general characteristics of patient were statistically significant difference at education level(F = 2.804, p = .044).4. The 1st. hypothesis, "the higher self-care levels of patient, the lower family caregiver burden" (r=~.433, p = .000) was supported.The 2nd. hypothesis, the higher self-care levels of patient, "the higher their caregiver quality of life (r = .254, p = .O12)" was supported.The 3rd. hypothesis, "the lower family caregiver burden, the higher their Quality of Life"(r = -0.572, p = .000) was supported.5. Family caregiver burden, religion, and marital state were predict이 s to family caregiver quality of life.
Experiences of Mother-Daughter Relationship for Eating Disorders Patients
Authors: Kong Seong Sook , Hyun Myung Sun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was to understand the experiences of mother-daughter relationship for eating disorders patients.Methods: Eleven eating disorders patients were included in this study. All subjects were female, whose average age was 23.2, six of them were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, five with anorexia nervosa. The duration of the illness was 4.5 years on average. Data was collected through recording the process of group therapy from September to December, 2001.Group therapy was provided for 2 hours weekly in the form of a self-help group which was structured with topics such as their illness and coping, and interpersonal difficulties. Content analysis by the method of Kim & Lee(1997) was applied to identify similar content and confirm common experiences. Sixteen themes were confirmed in the analysis.Results: 1. It was found with several concept categories were found - desire for the love of her mother, symptom escalation related to negative emotional stimulation of a mother, emotional experiences toward a mother related to a patient's eating problem, experiences toward a mother overinvolving in her life, and improvement of mother-daughter relationship through the therapy process. 2. In desire for the love of her mother, eating disorders patients had experienced longing for the love of their mothers, sibling rivalry for the love of the mother, or fear of rejection from the mother. 3.In symptom escalation related to negative emotional stimulation of a mother, they experienced binge and purge, heavy alcohol consumption, self-mutilation, or abuse behavior related to the mother. 4. In emotional experiences toward a mother related to a patient's eating problem, they experienced anger, pity, and guilt. 5. In experiences toward a mother overinvolving in their lives, they experienced the powerlessness related to mother-overinvolvement with their decision making, nervousness related mother-overprotection, and anger related to mother- overinvolvement with their eating and weight. 6. In improvement of the mother-daughter relationship through the therapy process, they experienced separation between their lives and their mothers z lives, gaining objective perspectives for their mothers, and maintaining distance from their mothers.Conclusion: Separation-individuation in the mother-daughter relationship is very important in eating disorders. Therefore, the findings of this study may suggest that the mother-daughter family therapy should be included in the process of the daughter's therapy.
Family Support, Self-Esteem and Powerlessness in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Cha Seon Hee , Doh Bok Num
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among family support, selfesteem and powerlessness in Psychiatric patients. A total of 169 subjects were influenced and they were hospitalized over 4 weeks at a local mental care facility located in Kyung Nam Province. Data were collected by face to face interviews from March 15th to April 15th, 2002.The instruments used for this study were family support scale (Hyun Sook, Kang. 1984), the selFesteem tool (Rosenberg. 1969), A Miller's powerlessness behavioral Assessment tool (1992) and Callista Roy’s Health-Illness powerlessness tool(1972) revised by the researcher.The data collected were statistically analyzed by SAS program t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were employed to understand general characteristics of the sample to examine the relationships among study variables.The results of the study were as follows - the mean score of family support was 3.44 : the mean score of self-esteem was 3.55; the mean score of powerlessness was 1.76.Family support had significantly a positive relationships with self-esteem. In addition family support and self-esteem respectively had a significant inverse relationships with powerlessness.Among general characteristics of the sample, the degree of self-esteem were shown as significant factors that influenced the degree of family support : the economic state was demonstrated as a significant factor influencing self-esteem : and the age, marital status, economic status and frequency of admission were shown as significant factors influencing powerlessness.
A Study on the Relationship between Depression, Health Promoting Behavior, Self-Esteem, and Optimism in Middle-aged Women
Authors: Park Hyun Sook
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted using a descriptive correlational survey design to identify how the middle-aged women perceived depression and to examine the relationship among depression, health promoting behavior, self-esteem, and optimism.Methods: Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from 116 middleaged women living in D-city from January to March in 2002. Data collection instruments were Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II), Rosenberg’s Self -Esteem, and Scheier & Carver's Life Orientation Test. The data collected were analysed using mean, S.D., t-test, F-test, Scheffe, Pearson C relation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression, aided with SPSS/WIN.Results: There was a significant correlation between depression and health promoting behavior(r=-.251). There was a significant correlation between depression and self-esteem (r = -.522). The relationship between depression and optimism was a significant correlation (r = -.407). For the depression regarding demographic characteristics, there were significant differences in age, educational level, monthly income, medical history of subject, medical history of subject' family, and ec이!omic status. Self-esteem was the highest factor predicting depression for the middle-aged women. Self esteem. age. optimism, and economic status accounted for 39.8% of the total variance.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that there is a need to develope intervention considering self-esteem and optimism to alleviate degree of depression in middle-aged women.
A Study on Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Coping Methods, and the Academic and Job-seeking Stress of Nursing Students
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Bae Young Joo , Jung Sun Young
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation among self-esteem, self-efficacy, coping methods, and the academic and job-seeking stress of nursing students.Data were collected though self-reported questionnaires from 221 nursing students living in D city from 10. September to 30. September in 2002. The data collected were analyzed using mean, S.D., t-test. ANOVA, Scheffe. and Pearson Correlation Coefficients with SAS.The results were as follows :1. The academic and job-seeking stress of the high self-esteem group was significantly lower than that of the low self-esteem group. The academic and job-seeking stress of the high self-efficacy group was significantly lower than that of the low self-efficacy group. The problem-focus coping of the high self-esteem group was significantly lower than that of the low self-esteem group. The problem-focus coping of the high self-efficacy group was significantly lower than that of the low self-efficacy group.2. There was a significant correlation between self-esteem and the academic and job-seeking stress(r = -.30, p=.000). The relation between self-esteem and coping methods revealed significant correlation(r-. 18, p = .007). There was a significant correlation between selfefficacy and the academic and job-seeking stress(r--.36. p=.000). The relation between self-efficacy and coping methods revealed significant correlation(r=.18, p=.006).The results of this study suggest that there is needed education development considering self-esteem and self-efficacy to alleviate the academic and job-seeking stress in nursing students.
A Study on the Obesity and Weight Control Methods of College Students
Authors: Park Jeoung Weon , Park Hoe Mi , Ha Na Sun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the grade of obesity and weight control methods of college students. Methods: The Convenience sample consisted of 87 male, 232 female college students. The grade of obesity was calculated based on Broca method. Weight control methods Questionnaire was used. Results: Female students more frequently used jogging, swimming, aerobic exercise, stretching while male more frequently used exercise with a ball game of the physical exercise methods. Females more frequently used undereating, miss a meal, miss two meals, fasting, monodiet, dieting tea, avoiding high cal foods, constipation medicine, sauna, avoiding party than males. Obese subjects more frequently used jogging, cycling, skating, mountain-climbing, overweight subjects more frequently used exercise with a ball game, DDR than other groups. Overweight subjects more frequently used miss a meal, specific foods, dieting pill, Acupuncture, avoiding party and obese subjects more used dieting tea than other groups. Conclusion: Although Excercise and diet methods were frequently chosen by students, students had been using unhealthy methods, therefore an appropriate weight control program is needed to developed for college students.
The lived Experiences of the Victims of Sexual Violence
Authors: Gong Su Ja , Lee Chung Sook
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of victims of sexual violence.Methods: The data were collected through more than three times of in-depth interview with 9 participants who are raped. The research question was ”what was it like to experience sexual violence?*' The analysis of data was made by Colaizzi's(1978) phenomenological analytic method. Results: Eight main meaningful themes were identified: 1) Rather to die, 2) being airaid of recurrence of the event, 3) suffering from the memory about the event, 4) difficulties in expressing themselves and seeking for help, 5) worrying about unwanted pregnancy and venereal infection, 6) surging of anger about unfair treated by officials and sexual counselors 7) being inconsiderate of significant others and reproach to the offender, and 8) self-blame for the situation that didn't get back, Conclusion: This study revealed the lived experiences of victims of sexual violence. Further studies are needed to provide theories and practices for caring them.
The effects of Imago Psychotherapy on Self-concept of Mentally Ill Patients at Home
Authors: Lee Hae Kyung
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Imago Psychotherapy on self -concept of mental patients at home. Methods: The period of this research was from June 17, 2003 to October 28, 2003. The subjects were 10 mental patients in W day care center located in Daegu City. The research design was a one -group pretest - posttest design. Collected data were analyzed by paired t -test with SPSS program. Results: The results of this research were as follows: 1. The mean score of self -concept factors was between 31 and 37(lower than that of alcoholic patients). 2. There was no significant difference of self -concept score between before and after treatment. Conclusion: I would like to make following suggestions with the results of this study. Duration of Imago Psychotherapy with fixed group should be at least 6 month and then the effect of the therpy can be properly verified. We need to develop various Imago Psychotherapy program to improve mental health and self -concept of mental patients at home.
The Concept Analysis of Crisis
Authors: Park Young Sook , Park Kwang Hi
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of crisis and to provide basic data to develop a valid instrument to measure crisis, and to enhance clear communications between health profession. Methods: This study used the process of Walker & Avanfs concept analysis, Results: Crisis was defined as imbalance and unstability which was caused by ineffective usual coping strategy, expressed by emotional, cognitive, behavioral change different from usual life, precipitated by some events, and persisted during the limited time. Critical attributes were imbalance, unstability, ineffective coping strategy, time^limited, precipitating event, opportunity, danger, and consciousness of crisis. Antecedents include precipitating event, stress, ineffective usual coping strategy, social support, and personal vulnerability. Consequences of crisis were adaptation, growth, development, maladaptation and mental health problem. Conclusion: It is hoped that this study will stimulate further exploration of this concept and development of measuring instrument of crisis state.
Correlation Between Alienation and Health Risk Behaviors in High School Students
Authors: Lee Eun-Sook , Kim Jeong-Sook
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the relationship between alienation and health risk behaviors among high school students. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires for a sample of 550 students of high schools in G city. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and pearson correlation coefficient.Results: 1. The students with lower financial state scored significantly higher than those of upper middle class students in a sense of alienation. 2. There also were significant differences on the health risk behaviors in terms of school types, gender, parental types and financial state. Students in vocational high schools and male students scored significantly higher on smoking, drinking, premature sex than students in academic high schools and female students did. Suicidal thoughts and attempts was significantly high in students female, with single parent, and with lower financial state. 3. A sense of alienation was positively correlated with smoking(r=.13, p=.00), drinking(r=.15, p=.00), suicidal thoughts and attempts(r=.42, p=.00), and an overall health risk behavior(r=.23, p=.00). Health risk behavior was positively correlated with powerlessness(r=.09, p=.O3), meaningless(r=.22, p=.00), normlessness(r=.29, p=.00), and an overall alienation(r=.23, p=.00). Conclusion: The correlation between the alienation and health risk behaviors was significant. Therefore, taking care of high school students with high sense of alienation is necessary to reduce their risk behaviors.
Concept Analysis of Attraction
Authors: Pai Hang-Ja , Lee In-Sun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the concept of attraction. Methods: In according to the series of concept development process by Walker & Avant, the concept of Attraction was analyzed. Results: The attributes of attraction were defined such as Melting positive emotion, Delight or Pleasure, Mutual dependence, Cognitive motivation for hopeful behavioral construction, Dynamics, and Depth and Width; Antecedents of attraction were defined as Physical and external factor(such as approximation • resemblance - Mutual supplement • physical appearance), Psychological and internal factor (such as honesty • warmth • affection • and personal ability), Attractive behavior seeking attraction(such as sensibility through the self monitoring • strengthening through the compensation • cognitive balancing • considerable interaction and conversation • active attitude • showing good nature and ability • charming appearance • emotional stimulating • offering comfort), and The course of the time; Consequences of attraction were defined as Maintenance and promotion of positive interpersonal relationship, and Ease to accomplish nursing goals. Conclusion: The concept of attraction has been one of the most important concept to positive influence on the nurse-client's therapeutic relationship and easily to accomplish nursing goal.
Influencing Factors on Nursing Students' Career Attitude Maturity
Authors: Kim Myung Ah , Lim Ji Young , Kim Sook Young , Kim Eun-Jeong , Lee Jong Eun , Ko Yu Kyung
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the degree of career attitude maturity and its influencing factors for nursing students. Methods: The subjects were 201 nursing students from two colleges located in Gyeonggi-do. The data analyzed by using SPSS-WIN program. Results: Career attitude maturity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem (r.567，p=.000), rational decision-making (r= 241, p=.00I)，and a negative significant correlation with dependent decision-making (r=-.423, p=.000). In addition, self-esteem, dependent decision-making and rational decision-making were significant predictors to explain career attitude maturity (39%). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an effective intervention program to improve nursing students* career attitude maturity considering these findings.
Sexual Function and Satisfaction with Life in Women and Their Predictors
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Koo Hyun Young , Won Seung Hee
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the sexual function and satisfaction with life in women, and find out factors affecting sex function and satisfaction with life in them. Methods: The subjects insisted of 281 women. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include SFQ-K, SWLS, BD1. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program. Results: The sexual function of women was significantly different according to age, number of children, occupation, education level, monthly income, and menopause. The sexual function of women correlated satisfaction with life, depression, perception of appearance, and perception of sexual attraction. Significant predictors influencing sexual function in women were perception of sexual attraction, age, depression, and number of children, and these predictors account for 19.2% of the variance in sexual function. Significant predictors influencing satisfaction with life in women were depression, perception of appearance, sexual function, and age, and these predictors account for 28.9% of the variance in satisfaction with life. Conclusion: The above findings indicated that the sexual function in women is influenced by physical, psychological, and environmental factors, and is major factors influencing satisfaction with life. Therefore nursing intervention for improving sexual function should be provided for women.
Studying infancy
Authors: Willis Richard
Published: November 2024

Richard Willis, visiting professor at the University of South Wales, reviews a book that aims to provide a one-stop, introductory text for those entering the field of early childhood studies and early years
Prediction of humeral shaft fracture healing using the Radiographic Union Score for HUmeral Fractures (RUSHU)
Authors: Suter Cyrill , Mattila Henrik , Ibounig Thomas , Sumrein Bakir O. , Launonen Antti , Järvinen Teppo L. N. , Lähdeoja Tuomas , Rämö Lasse
Published: November 2024

Aims

Though most humeral shaft fractures heal nonoperatively, up to one-third may lead to nonunion with inferior outcomes. The Radiographic Union Score for HUmeral Fractures (RUSHU) was created to identify high-risk patients for nonunion. Our study evaluated the RUSHU’s prognostic performance at six and 12 weeks in discriminating nonunion within a significantly larger cohort than before.

Methods

Our study included 226 nonoperatively treated humeral shaft fractures. We evaluated the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of RUSHU scoring using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Additionally, we determined the optimal cut-off thresholds for predicting nonunion using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method.

Results

The RUSHU demonstrated good interobserver reliability with an ICC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.83) at six weeks and 0.77 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.82) at 12 weeks. Intraobserver reproducibility was good or excellent for all analyses. Area under the curve in the ROC analysis was 0.83 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.88) at six weeks and 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.93) at 12 weeks, indicating excellent discrimination. The optimal cut-off values for predicting nonunion were ≤ eight points at six weeks and ≤ nine points at 12 weeks, providing the best specificity-sensitivity trade-off.

Conclusion

The RUSHU proves to be a reliable and reproducible radiological scoring system that aids in identifying patients at risk of nonunion at both six and 12 weeks post-injury during non-surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures. The statistically optimal cut-off values for predicting nonunion are ≤ eight at six weeks and ≤ nine points at 12 weeks post-injury.
Cong Abbey: A palimpsest in stone
Authors: Moss Rachel
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This paper traces the longue dureé architectural history of Cong Abbey, Co. Mayo. It demonstrates how patterns of change, echoed in medieval religious houses across Ireland, can mislead the interpretation of medieval remains. The thirteenth-century church was transeptal in form. The demolition of the north transept and conversion of the south transept to a fortified tower in the late sixteenth century has hitherto obscured this. Conversion of the east range of the cloister into a manor house in the early seventeenth century involved the movement of carved features from other areas of the site. From at least the early eighteenth century, worship was reinstated at the abbey in a thatched mass house located at the south-east corner of the abbey complex. The preservation of the abbey buildings as a Romantic ruin in the late nineteenth century added further difficulties to the interpretation of the remains. As the complex, multi-layered history of the buildings was improperly understood, 'replica' historical features were added that may never have originally existed. These changes were not recorded and have subsequently further confused interpretation of the medieval elements of the buildings.
Optimizing the chiral optical response in nanostructures using plasmonic Fano resonance
Authors: Tian Feiyue , Lang Peng , Wan Ziting , Ji Boyu , Xu Yang , Song Xiaowei , Lin Jingquan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the chiral enhancement effects of plasmonic Fano resonance modes in planar metallic nanostructures. The nanostructure consists of a central Z-shaped or 卍-shaped element surrounded by six clustered gold nanorods, focusing on the coupling between these doubly rotationally symmetric structures. This coupling induces plasmonic Fano resonance, which significantly enhances the chiral response. Under normal incidence of circularly polarized light, the maximum chiral response can reach up to 41%. Finite-difference time-domain simulation and multipole expansion analysis reveal the fundamental origin of this enhanced chiral response: the selective excitation of electric dipoles and toroidal dipoles in polarization. The study demonstrates that rotationally symmetric structures and coupling effects play a crucial role in modulating the chiral response of nanostructures.
Study of optical field distribution in turbulent channels for wireless ultraviolet optical communications
Authors: Song Peng , Gao Qing , Geng Xiaojun , Liu Chengtao
Published: November 2024

The optical field distribution of ultraviolet transmission through scattering in atmospheric channels clearly reflects the energy distribution throughout the process. This paper established and analyzed an optical field distribution model for turbulent ultraviolet channels. Using this model, we calculated the energy of photons reaching sampling points after single and multiple scattering events, and characterized the optical field distribution of ultraviolet scattering transmission in turbulent channels. The influences of elevation angle, divergence angle, and altitude on the optical field distribution of turbulent channels were then analyzed. Results from Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that in the X-Z plane, the turbulent channel's light field distribution is no longer axisymmetric about the center of the emitting light cone, due to the different altitudes of the sampling points. In addition, elevation angles significantly impact the light field distribution. A larger elevation angle results in wider contour spacing in the light field. In the X-Y plane light field distribution, a higher elevation angle shifts contour lines of the same path loss value closer to the transmitter along the X-axis. Conversely, a larger divergence angle moves those contour lines closer to the transmitter along the X-axis while gradually widening them along the Y-axis. When the geometric parameters of the transmitter remain constant, the light field distribution in the X-Z and X-Y planes at different altitudes reveals that the turbulence effect on photon transmission decreases as the altitude increases. Finally, experiments were conducted to measure the received energy at the sampling points of the light field. We compared the experimental results to the simulation results for both turbulent and non-turbulent scenarios, and confirmed the accuracy of our model presented in the paper.
Theoretical and experimental analysis on ghost imaging with channel coding theorem
Authors: Zhou Yu , Liu Jianbin , Zheng Huaibin , Chen Hui , He Yuchen , Li Fuli , Xu Zhuo
Published: November 2024

Ghost imaging is analyzed from the perspective of information theory, specifically the channel coding theorem. In the theoretical framework, ghost imaging is viewed as a communication process. The concept of channel capacity is used to determine the minimum number of samplings required to achieve an error-free ghost imaging process. Further study reveals that both conventional imaging and ghost imaging processes can be analyzed within the same theoretical framework. The theoretical analysis shows that the quality of ghost imaging can be improved by employing multiple bucket detectors. These predictions are validated through both simulations and experiments.
Design and fabrication of ultrahigh Q chip-based silica WGM micro-resonators for single-atom cavity-QED
Authors: Ohana Tal Shahar , Guendelman Gabriel , Mishuk Eran , Kandel Nadav , Garti Dror , Gurovich Doron , Bitton Ora , Dayan Barak
Published: November 2024

Of the many applications of whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) micro-resonators, single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) poses the most extreme demands on mode volume, dimensions, and quality factor (Q). Here we present the procedure for the fabrication of chip-based, small mode-volume, ultrahigh-Q silica WGM micro-resonators, designed for single-emitter cavity-QED. We demonstrate micro-resonators at varying geometries, from toroidal to micro-spheres, yielding ultrahigh-qualities as high as 1.7 × 108 at 780nm. We present a comprehensive theoretical model that allows tailoring the fabrication process to attain the desired micro-resonator geometry.
Twenty kilowatts level high beam quality spectral beam combination by dual gratings with distinct groove densities based on conical diffraction structures
Authors: Zheng Ye , He Miao , Sun Shihao , Liu Xiaoxi , Cheng Siyuan , Chen Jianhua , Wang Junlong , Wang Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

We establish a spectral beam combing structure with two distinct diffraction gratings. A theoretical analysis of the beam quality degradation of this beam combining system is given. A six-channel spectral beam combining experiment is constructed based on conical diffraction structure by transmission and reflection gratings. Over 19 kW combined power is achieved with a combining efficiency of about 92%. The six incident fiber amplifiers, ranging from 1040 nm to 1082 nm, can each deliver a 3.5 kW output power laser with about 60 GHz 3 dB linewidth. Both transmission and reflection diffraction gratings, with different grating periods (1000lines/mm, 1170lines/mm), are employed in this work. The combined beam quality factor is controlled to be M2∼2 by effective dispersion compensation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate a high power beam combination by two gratings with different types and periods, which verifies the dispersion capability of this structure and provides an alternative approach for high power beam combining.
Photonic-assisted division calculation of microwave signal envelopes and its applications
Authors: Feng Jinjian , Jiang Yang , Xu Jing , Lan Xiaohong , Zhang Qiong , Long Qianyou , Luo Yunkun
Published: November 2024

An approach to performing photonic-assisted division calculation of two microwave signal envelopes is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The division calculation involves two operations: reciprocal operation and multiplication operation. The proposed division operation is experimentally evaluated, in which the calculation of three division operations between two sine waveforms, between two sawtooth waveforms, and between a sine waveform and a triangular waveform is experimentally verified. The experimental results exhibit good flexibility and simplicity of the division operation. In addition, the application potential of the divider in generating some microwave waveforms and flat optical frequency comb (OFC) is explored. In the first case, the division operation is used to transform a sine waveform into a sawtooth (or reversed-sawtooth) waveform and a parabolic waveform. In the second case, the division operation optimizes the flatness of an OFC emitted by a mode-locked laser (MLL). An OFC with 0.98 dB flatness among 18 lines and a line spacing of 10 GHz is experimentally obtained. The proposed division operation provides new access to implement microwave waveform generation, transformation, signal processing, and computing.
The effect of health insurance coverage on antenatal care utilization in Cambodia: A secondary analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2021–2022
Authors: Um Samnang , Phan Channnarong , Dany Leng , Veha Khun , Pay Soklim , Chau Darapheak
Published: November 2024

Health insurance is essential in reducing or eliminating the financial constraint to accessing maternal health services caused by out-of-pocket payments. Also, it has a beneficial effect in minimizing maternal and child mortality. However, limited studies in Cambodia examined the association between health insurance coverage on antenatal care (ANC) utilization. Therefore, this study has examined the effect of health insurance coverage on ANC utilization in Cambodia. We utilized data from the 2021–2022 Cambodia Demographic and Health Surveys (CDHS), analyzing a total sample of 3,162 weighted women who gave birth within two years. Multiple logistic regression model using STATA V17 to assess the association between health insurance coverage with women who attended four or more ANC visits. About 24.9% of the women had health insurance coverage during 2021–2022. Most (86.1%) of women attended four or more ANC visits. Women with health insurance coverage were statistically significantly associated with attending four or more ANC visits with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.4). Other factors significantly associated with attending four or more ANC visits include women with higher education (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.2–7.7), secondary education (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5–3.5), richest households (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.8), and richer households (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–2.8). Pregnant women with health insurance coverage who had completed at least secondary education and had a better wealth index were more likely to attend at least four ANC visits. Thus, providing health insurance coverage and improving women’s economic and educational may be essential to improving women’s access to maternal health services in Cambodia.
Variable effects of transient Wolbachia infections on alphaviruses in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Dodson Brittany L. , Pujhari Sujit , Brustolin Marco , Metz Hillery C. , Rasgon Jason L.
Published: November 2024

Wolbachia pipientis (= Wolbachia) has promise as a tool to suppress virus transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. However, Wolbachia can have variable effects on mosquito-borne viruses. This variation remains poorly characterized, yet the multimodal effects of Wolbachia on diverse pathogens could have important implications for public health. Here, we examine the effects of transient somatic infection with two strains of Wolbachia (wAlbB and wMel) on the alphaviruses Sindbis virus (SINV), O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), and Mayaro virus (MAYV) in Ae. aegypti. We found variable effects of Wolbachia including enhancement and suppression of viral infections, with some effects depending on Wolbachia strain. Both wAlbB- and wMel-infected mosquitoes showed enhancement of SINV infection rates one week post-infection, with wAlbB-infected mosquitoes also having higher viral titers than controls. Infection rates with ONNV were low across all treatments and no significant effects of Wolbachia were observed. The effects of Wolbachia on MAYV infections were strikingly strain-specific; wMel strongly blocked MAYV infections and suppressed viral titers, while wAlbB had more modest effects. The variable effects of Wolbachia on vector competence underscore the importance of further research into how this bacterium impacts the virome of wild mosquitoes including the emergent human pathogens they transmit.
Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among patients with HIV-associated TB in Khayelitsha, South Africa
Authors: Hickman John-Henry , Swartz Alison , Sicwebu Namhla , Stek Cari , Masimini Nobom , Nöstlinger Christiana
Published: November 2024

Background

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important and frequently used patient-reported outcome in health research. However, little qualitative research exists in this field in South Africa. This study was set in Khayelitsha, one of the largest informal settlements in South Africa, where the burden of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection are amongst the highest in the world and significantly affect HRQOL.

Objective

To explore the experience of HRQOL among patients living with HIV-associated TB.

Methods

We conducted sixteen interviews with male (n = 10) and female (n = 6) adult participants (ages 24–56; median age 35) to explore their HRQOL living with HIV-associated TB, related treatment and how this impacted on life domains they considered relevant for HRQOL. We used thematic analysis to analyse data, using both an inductive and deductive analysis using an interpretive phenomenological approach (IPA).

Results

Experiences of HRQOL were identified along the predominantly emerging themes of physical, social, and mental aspects of HRQOL. Identified sub-themes included well-being, loss of strength, and self-care for the physical domain; usual activities and stigma for the social domain; concerns and coping for the mental domain. The findings illustrate that HRQOL domains are interconnected through social experience. The social experience of HRQOL was identified as the common denominator connecting all domains, around which HRQOL revolved for these participants.

Conclusion

HRQOL is experienced socially. The interpersonal connections patients have with significant others present as key to high HRQOL among patients living with HIV-associated TB. This study adds to the existing literature of HRQOL and examines HRQOL using IPA which may help to inform future interventions to improve HRQOL among HIV/TB patients.
Overcoming problematic growth phenotypes in organoids from patients with monogenic GI disease
Authors: Bugda Gwilt Katlynn , Thiagarajah Jay R.
Published: November 2024

Patient-derived organoids provide a unique model system to explore disease-causing mutations ex vivo. By using organoids from duodenal or colonic biopsies of pediatric patients with intestinal epithelial disorders, we can directly assay the patient cells to tailor treatment to their unique disease state. The advent of organoid technology from patients with severe intestinal disorders such as Congenital Diarrhea Enteropathies (CoDE) and Very-Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease (VEO-IBD) has allowed for rapid advances in the understanding of and the treatment of these monogenic disorders. Still, the expansion of these lines for scalable studies is not trivial, and success rates of expansion are variable between groups, and even lab members within the same group. These protocols have been validated on patients with CoDE or VEO-IBD and age-matched control patients. Here, we present our recommended protocols for the cultivation of organoids from pediatric patients with CoDE and VEO-IBD. These protocols have been validated on organoids generated from the duodenum (duodenoids), ileum (ileoids), colon (colonoids) and iPSC-derived intestinal colonoids from pediatric healthy donors or donors with CoDE or VEO-IBD (Gwilt et al., 2023). Using our modified culture media, extended culture times from biopsy preparation and thawing frozen lines, gentle passaging techniques with the incomplete removal of the organoids from the matrigel, and modified monolayer protocols (Maeda et al., 2023; Maeda et al., 2022), we have been able to successfully culture and expand several lines for more than 5 years. The conditions and protocols used here provide a basis for reproducible phenotypes, scaling for larger functional studies on patient lines, and for reproducibility of results between several investigators. We provide a useful starting point and troubleshooting guidelines for the optimization of culturing organoids from any patient with novel disease pathology.
Evaluation of public’s knowledge, attitude and experiences towards the generic medications in building healthcare policy
Authors: Akhtar Md. Sayeed , Orayj Khalid
Published: November 2024

The increasing cost of prescription drugs has high concern and associated with medication nonadherence and adverse health outcomes. The use of generic prescription drugs by the patients depends on if recommended by competent healthcare providers. Generic medicines, which are cheaper and bioequivalent to brand-name drugs, offer an opportunity to reduce healthcare expenditures of Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system as per the Vision 2030 plan. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the population awareness, attitude and perception towards the generic medications particularly those locally manufactured in Saudi Arabia. We managed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study and included indices like demographic sections, knowledge of generic medications, perception of generic medication use, and previous experience. Data was collected over 12 weeks from February 2022 to April 2022 using an online survey tool. A study of 462 participants found that the majority were male (54.97%), young (55.4%), with a graduate or post-graduate degree (73.5%) and employed (43.29%). The majority reported good health, with 75.5% reporting good health. The study found significant differences in knowledge about generic drugs, their country of origin, and their benefits and utility. Most participants had positive attitudes towards generic medications, with 45% believing they are as effective as those from other countries. The study also revealed a significant difference in participants’ experience and usage of medications particularly satisfaction to health outcome. Enhancing healthcare professionals’ perceptions of generics can positively influence patient/consumer opinions and trust in generic medicines. Patients’ high trust in prescribing physicians also influences these opinions, as their opinions can influence patient/consumer opinions.
Predicting technostress: The Big Five model of personality and subjective well-being
Authors: Cuadrado Dámaris , Otero Inmaculada , Martínez Alexandra , París Tania , Moscoso Silvia
Published: November 2024

The main goal of the current study is to broaden the knowledge on the association between personality, subjective well-being (SWB) and technostress in an academic context. This research specifically examines the prevalence of technostress in a European university sample. It also explores the relationship between technostress and its dimensions with the Big Five model of personality and with SWB and its affective and cognitive components. Finally, the combined predictive validity of the Big Five and SWB on technostress is tested. The sample was composed of 346 undergraduate students. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were carried out. Results show that fatigue and anxiety are the most frequently experienced dimensions of technostress. Emotional stability, openness to experience, and SWB are negatively and significantly correlated to technostress. Multiple regression analyses show that the Big Five factors and SWB account for technostress variance, the main predictor being the affective component of SWB. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of technostress and suggest that personality traits and SWB are important factors in its prediction. The theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.
CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells are required for protection against severe guinea pig cytomegalovirus infections
Authors: Rollman Tyler B. , Berkebile Zachary W. , Hicks Dustin M. , Hatfield Jason S. , Chauhan Priyanka , Pravetoni Marco , Schleiss Mark R. , Milligan Gregg N. , Morgan Terry K. , Bierle Craig J.
Published: November 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus and the leading cause of infectious disease related birth defects worldwide. How the immune response modulates the risk of intrauterine transmission of HCMV after maternal infection remains poorly understood. Maternal T cells likely play a critical role in preventing infection at the maternal-fetal interface and limiting spread across the placenta, but concerns exist that immune responses to infection may also cause placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study investigated the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a guinea pig model of primary cytomegalovirus infection. Monoclonal antibodies specific to guinea pig CD4 and CD8 were used to deplete T cells in non-pregnant and in pregnant guinea pigs after mid-gestation. CD4+ T cell depletion increased the severity of illness, caused significantly elevated viral loads, and increased the rate of congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infection relative to animals treated with control antibody. CD8+ T cell depletion was comparably well tolerated and did not significantly affect the weight of infected guinea pigs or viral loads in their blood or tissue. However, significantly more viral genomes and transcripts were detected in the placenta and decidua of CD8+ T cell depleted dams post-infection. This study corroborates earlier findings made in nonhuman primates that maternal CD4+ T cells play a critical role in limiting the severity of primary CMV infection during pregnancy while also revealing that other innate and adaptive immune responses can compensate for an absent CD8+ T cell response in α-CD8-treated guinea pigs.