bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPERATING TESTS OF THE DEVICE FOR ELECTROSTATIC ENGINE OIL TREATMENT
Authors: Voronin Serhii , Kharkivskyi Oleksandr , Hubin Oleksandr
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of preliminary studies aimed at  establishing the main factors affecting the service life of sliding bearings. The researchers pay special attention to the dominant types of lubrication, the thickness of the lubricating film, the load-bearing capacity of the film, shear resistance during friction, as well as the aging of the oil and the loss of its properties over time. Taking into account the previous achievements, as well as the works of the authors in the  direction of increasing the wear  resistance and resource of sliding bearings, it is proposed to test the sliding bearings of the D-240 diesel engine on the SMC-2 friction machine. The tests were performed according to the "pad - roller" scheme. In this  diagram, the roller simulates the neck of the crankshaft, it is made of HF cast iron. The pad presses against the roller a fragment of the liner, which was made from a real engine liner and is a bimetallic element with a steel base and an antifriction coating of AO-20-1 alloy. In the tests, the sliding friction of the liner fragment on the roller was modeled, and the load modes of the friction pair were set in such a way that mixed lubrication of the bearing or transitional lubrication from limit to hydrodynamic lubrication is achieved. The purpose of the tests was to  establish the regularities of the impact of engine oil aging and its electrical processing on the wear resistance and service life of the bearing liners. For this, oil samples were taken from the engine lubrication system. Oil samples with 0, 150, 300 engine hours were tested. The complete experiment consisted of two series of trials. The  first series of tests concerned the  establishment of the effect of working on the wear resistance when  lubricating the bearing with traditional oil taken from the engine. The second similar series of tests included the additional introduction of electrical treatment of the oil samples before it was fed to the bearing model. The  values of weight wear of liner  fragments were obtained  experimentally. The wear resistance  and service life of the liners were  calculated according to the  corresponding dependencies, which are also given in the article. As a result of measurements and calculations, the regularities of the effect of working on the conditional life of the liners were obtained, taking into account the effect of the electrical treatment of the oil.
MAIN FEATURES OF CONCRETE DEFORMATION UNDER THE ACTION OF DYNAMIC LOADS
Authors: Romashko-Maistruk Olena Vasylivna , Romashko Vasyl Mykolayovych
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the features of the general model of compressed  concrete deformation in concrete and reinforced concrete elements and  structures under the dynamic loads  action. The proposed model is a further in-depth development of the previously developed generalized deformation and force model of concrete and reinforced concrete resistance to force  effects. It is based on the hypothesis of invariability and independence from the loading mode of the specific potential energy of concrete ultimate deformation (destruction) in a standard sample. A critical analysis of the  research results by other authors published today on the above-mentioned subject has been performed. The main attention is paid to the well-known dynamic increase factor (DIF). The main advantages and  disadvantages of the currently existing methods and ways of its determination have been classified and analyzed. An analytically justified function of its maximum possible values under the dynamic loads action was obtained. The various factors influence on the DIFu limit values for compressed concrete is taken into account using an integrated parameter – the well-known coefficient of elastic-plastic concrete properties k. The dependence of  intermediate DIF values on the compressed concrete deformation rate under the different intensity dynamic loads action is proposed. The effectiveness of the developed method of determining the DIF  coefficient for compressed concrete according to the proposed dependence was evaluated by comparing the  theoretical calculations results with individual researchers experimental  data. Similar comparisons were also made with the calculations results performed according to well-known European methods of the CEB FIB.
Assessment of the Vitamin A supplementation protocol in primary health care settings: A case study of Mookgophong sub-district in South Africa
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Mbhenyane XG , Mamaregane DV ,   University of Venda, Tambe AB ,   Stellenbosch University
Published: October 2023

The Integrated Nutrition Programme in South Africa provides Vitamin A supplementation to targeted children. It began in 1994 when marginal vitamin A deficiency was 33 %. Since that time, malnutrition remains a serious problem in South Africa as one of the greatest contributors to childhood illness and death. It is estimated that about 27% of South African children are stunted from a lack of adequate nutrition in the early years of their lives. A poor intake of vitamin A is one of the cofactors in sight and contribute to blindness amongst children. In addition, it is required for cellular integrity. Furthermore, children with poor intake of vitamin A are underweight, fail to grow properly and are more likely to get infections and to die from them. The main purpose of this study was to assess the implementation process of the vitamin A supplementation protocol in primary health care institutions in the Mookgophong sub-district of Limpopo Province. The study design was descriptive and qualitative. All seven facilities, the clinics and the district hospital in the sub-district were purposefully selected. Data were collected from the seven health care facilities and 16 health care workers provided information on the implementation process of the Vitamin A programme, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. An observation questionnaire was also used by the researcher to validate some of the information and to check compliance with the protocol. The findings revealed poor availability of blue (100 000 IU), white (500 000 IU) and yellow (200 000 IU) capsules in stock (56.3%). Approximately half of the health care workers reported to know the preventative schedule, while most of them did not know the treatment schedule. There was generally good adherence to the implementation of preventative protocol. The health care workers complied with the Vitamin A protocol despite the lack of stock or resources in this low resource setting. Key words: Vitamin A supplementation protocol, health care workers, South Africa
Physicochemical characteristics of homemade ice cream with mustard green (Brassica juncea) powder or puree
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Saidi IA , R R ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Efendi N ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Kartika SD ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
Published: October 2023

Ice cream is a product of high sensory acceptance because of the countless flavor options and their combination. It has become one of the most popular desserts and its production is increasing year by year and highly accepted by children, adolescents, adults, as well as the elderly public. A number of studies have been carried out in developing new functional ice creams with ingredients such as fruits like avocado, dragon fruit, banana, passion, guava, lemon and soursop. The present study was, therefore, carried out to assess the possibility of producing homemade ice cream with enhanced nutritional value with mustard green leaves. This research explored the utilization of powdered and fresh mustard green leaves in the form of puree as nutritional enrichment for homemade ice cream. Homemade ice cream ingredients in this experiment consisted of 100 g solids and 150 ml water. The solids consisted of 74 g full cream milk powder, 15 g sugar, 10 g skimmed milk powder, 0.5 g emulsifier, and 0,5 g Carboxy Methyl Cellulose. Mustard green powder was added in accordance to treatments, namely 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% from the 100 g solids. Whereas mustard green puree were added as replacement of 100 ml water from the total of 150 ml water in the formula. Control treatment was made with no mustard green powder or puree. The chemical and physical characteristics were determined in three replicates using randomized completely blocked design. Data was submitted to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tested using Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Based on the results of this study, the addition of mustard green powder and puree on homemade ice cream had significant increase in ash content, total chlorophyll, melting rate, viscosity, and yellowness, but a decrease in overrun, lightness, and redness. The higher the concentration of mustard green powder or puree, the higher the increase of ash content, total chlorophyll, melting rate, viscosity and yellowness. On the other hand, the higher the concentration of mustard green powder or puree the higher the decrease of overrun, lightness, and redness. Mustard green powder gave higher ash content and total chlorophyll than the puree, but mustard green puree gave brighter colour indicated by higher lightness, greenness, and yellowness. Key words: ice cream, homemade, mustard green, powder, puree, enrichment
Estimation of cattle weight gain under the influence of meteorological and nutritional variables by applying a multiple linear regression model in Sabanalarga, Colombia
Authors:   Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías Agroindustriales, Rueda-Galofre JV , Mora-García YA ,   Universidad de la Costa, Adie-Villafañe J ,   Universidad Simón Bolívar
Published: October 2023

The present investigation arose from the current problem in the entire territory of the Department of Atlántico in the Republic of Colombia, in which the livestock sector currently lacks a reliable modernization that contributes to the planning and profitability of meat production, translated into weight gain. The main focus of the study gravitated around the ignorance of the real effect exerted by meteorological and nutritional factors on the weight gain of cattle. As a possible solution, it was proposed to carry out a statistical analysis by means of a multiple linear regression model where cattle weight gain was the dependent variable to study under the influence of the following independent variables: accumulated precipitation for two weeks (mm), average daily precipitation for two weeks (mm), average daily forage height consumed for two weeks (cm), percentage daily average of forage consumed during two weeks (%), average protein percentage of forage consumed during two weeks (%), the average maximum temperature recorded during two weeks (°C), the average minimum temperature recorded during two weeks (°C), average daily temperature variation recorded for two weeks (°C) and average relative humidity recorded for two weeks (%). All independent data values were collected in the field. Once the analysis was carried out, it was concluded that there was statistical evidence to affirm that only the independent variables "accumulated precipitation", "average precipitation", "average minimum temperature" and "relative humidity" significantly influenced the changes observed in profit of cattle weight, being formulated a multiple linear regression model that contained only the mentioned variables, the rest were discarded. On the other hand, for the constructed linear regression model, the coefficient of determination R2 = 89.3691% was obtained, that is, for the significance level α = 0.05 (95% confidence level), this determined that the model of Multiple linear regression (A) explained the behavior of the average monthly cattle weight gain by 89.3691%. It was concluded, therefore, that the present work gives veracity to the determination of previous investigations where it is also concluded that the meteorological variables directly affect the changes associated with the weight of cattle for meat production. Key words: cattle, linear regression, livestock, meteorological, nutritional, statistics, variables, weight gain
The Jewish Theme in Theophanes the Confessor’s Testimony on the Prophet Muḥammad
Authors: Cecota Błażej
Published: October 2023

Theophanes’ account regarding the rise of Islam and the history of the Prophet Muḥammad appears to be the most detailed and precise one that can be found in Byzantine historiography. The Confessor’s aim was to reproduce as many details about Muḥammad’s life as possible. Since his focus was not on religious ideas, but on key events surrounding the rise of the new religion, his account is not predominantly concerned with discussing Islam’s ideology. However, this does not allow us to regard it as in any way objective. Some of the views it contains were included with the clear goal of discrediting Islam as a religion that rivalled Christianity. This, for example, can be said of Theophanes’ remarks about the relationship between Muḥammad and the Jews. In this article, I focus on this aspect of Theophanes’ account, discussing it in the context of the long-running (the last several decades) scholarly debates regarding Jewish-Muslim relations.
The Repercussions of the Combined Use of Potassium Iodate and Chitosan Iodate on the Controlled Fractionation of Iodine
Authors: Mageshen V.R. , Santhy P. , Latha M.R. , Meena S. , Kalyan V.S. Reddy Kiran , Aswitha K. , Maimaran G.
Published: October 2023

Background: Iodine is found in soils in both inorganic and organic forms [Iodate-(IO3-) and Iodide-(I-)]. Iodine is highly prone to leaching and volatilization which results in iodine depletion in soils. Crops cultivated in these soils will be lacking in iodine and humans and animals eating food grown in these soils will be deficient in iodine. Numerous studies have focused on the process by which iodine is absorbed from the soil, but there is still paucity of knowledge on different fractions of iodine in soils. Methods: In our work, we assessed different fractions of iodine (Water Extractable, Exchangeable, Organic bound, Oxide bound and Residual iodine) in soil from different sources of chitosan and potassium iodate alone and combinations. The incubation experiment was carried out in the department of soil science and agricultural chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in 2022. Potassium iodate and chitosan were applied in the form of soil alone, soil drenching and chitosan iodate complex at different stages of incubation. Result: The results suggested that combination and potassium iodate and chitosan complex has increased the iodine stability throughout the incubation experiment. As electrostatic interaction between chitosan and iodate prevents volatilization and gradually stabilizes the availability of iodine. Our findings offer more details on iodine mobility and behaviour in soil when it is used alone and combination with chitosan at different rates.
Sensation, the Intuitive System, and Designed Experience: The Missing Links to Learning for Human Flourishing
Authors: Zhang Qing , Gee James
Published: October 2023

This groundbreaking book redefines human learning by placing sensation and experience at its core. The book delves into the essence of what it means to be human and how humans best learn and flourish. Drawing on insights from evolutionary biology, neuroscience, learning science, and the arts, the authors weave together a rich tapestry of ideas that challenge traditional approaches to education. The authors argue that school and educational research often ignore fundamental aspects of human learning, such as empathy, intuition, and balance. By examining what “experience” really means when we say “humans learn from experience,” the authors propose a more holistic approach to education—much of which goes on outside school—that goes beyond talk, texts, and analytical reasoning. With examples from various media, particularly the wildly popular Japanese anime series Attack on Titan, the authors treat good teaching as experience design and show how experience can be a powerful force for learning and human flourishing. As our world faces unprecedented challenges and crises, this timely book serves as a clarion call for a transformative approach to teaching and learning that respects the nature of humans as distinctive sorts of creatures, urging us to create environments that nurture the full spectrum of human capacities.
Developments in cell culture media for cultured meat applications
Authors:   Tufts University, USA, Stout Andrew J.
Published: October 2023

Cell culture media is one of the key inputs for cultured meat production. It provides a physiologically favorable environment for cells, nutrients for cell consumption and utilization, and signaling molecules to instruct cell behavior. For all cell culture, media should be optimized towards specific cell types and desired phenotypic outcomes. For cultured meat, media must also be inexpensive, scalable, free of animal-derived components, and generate safe and edible tissues. This chapter presents the historical context for and recent updates in developing animal component-free media for muscle and fat cells—the predominant cell types in meat—in vitro. Specific media formulations are presented with explanation of some of their key components, and current challenges, opportunities, and research directions are discussed.
Bioreactors for cell multiplication in cultured meat product development
Authors:   Eppendorf SE, Germany, Schlößer Stefan , Nold Philipp ,   Eppendorf SE, Germany
Published: October 2023

Cultured meat holds a great promise with its potential to satisfy the growing demand for meat while reducing harm to animals and the negative environmental impact of livestock husbandry at the same time. However, high cell numbers are required for sufficient meat production. Consequently, high cell density cultures and an increase in scale are inevitable to bring this novel food alternative to the general public. To that end, a suitable environment needs to be established to facilitate efficient cell numbers and proliferation. A promising way to confront these challenges is by switching from conventional 2D cultures to 3D cultures in bioreactors. In this chapter, we explore bioreactors and their working principles, as well as their role as a vital tool to tackle the challenges of creating suitable growth conditions for anchorage-dependent stem cells and process scale-up. Furthermore, we evaluate measures with the potential to reduce production costs of cultured meat.
Scaling cell production sustainably in cultured meat product development
Authors:   Mosa Meat, The Netherlands, Moutsatsou Panagiota , Cameron Paul ,   University College London, UK, Dages Ben ,   Aston University, UK, Nienow Alvin W. ,   University College London, UK,   University of Birmingham, UK, Lye Gary ,   University College London, UK, Theodosiou Eirini ,   Aston University, UK, Hanga Mariana P. ,   University College London, UK,   Quest Meat Ltd, UK
Published: October 2023

Cultured meat is an emerging novel food with potential to address many of the shortcomings of meat produced through intensified animal farming. To date, only one cultured meat product has received regulatory approval for commercialisation in Singapore. However these are still available on an order-by-order basis and at a relatively high price. The vision is that the cultured meat products will become affordable and readily available to the population. However, in order to achieve that vision multiple challenges are still to be addressed. This chapter will focus specifically on the scalable production and approaches to achieving sustainability in manufacturing of cultured meats. Lessons will be drawn from other relevant industries.
Consumer attitudes to cultured meat products: improving understanding and acceptance
Authors:   ETH Zürich, Switzerland, Hartmann Christina , Siegrist Michael ,   ETH Zürich, Switzerland
Published: October 2023

This chapter reviews consumer attitudes to cultured meat products, focusing on improving understanding and acceptance of these products. Chapter 12 begins by examining the challenges regarding consumer acceptance of novel food technologies and cultured meat, drawing specific attention to perceived naturalness and disgust, trust in the industry and concerns with humans tampering with nature. The chapter moves on to examine consumers’ motivations to substitute conventional meat, which is then followed by a section that discusses ways to overcome the rejection of cultured meat products and the possibilities for cultured meat in the near future.
Techno-economic analysis for cultivated meat production
Authors:   Next Rung Technology, LLC, USA, Ellersick John P. , Swartz Elliot ,   The Good Food Institute, USA, Ashizawa Reina ,   Next Rung Technology, LLC, USA
Published: October 2023

Techno Economic Analysis and Techno-Economic Modeling are key activities in the development of emerging technologies and play a critical role in cultivated meat commercialization. The production scales required to replace a meaningful portion of current meat consumption are significant and will require extensive innovation beyond current approaches. Economics must be understood for the complete set of activities from cell and media creation through production, packaging, storage, and processing (or recycling) of liquid and solid waste streams. Key drivers for improving economics require further research and development with a focus on the parameters that can move cultivated meat production toward price parity with existing production approaches and ultimately lower. This chapter presents the thought process, methodology, and a detailed approach for evaluating the economics of cultivated meat production, with the goal of focusing technology development on key cultivated meat production parameters to achieve these goals.
Fundamentos da Dinâmica Molecular Ab Initio
Authors: Coutinho Nayara D. , Camargo Lilian T.  F. M. , Camargo Ademir J.
Published: October 2023

A dinâmica molecular surge como uma ferramenta poderosa na descrição dos comportamentos dinâmicos microscópicos de diferentes tipos de sistemas encontrados na ciência. As equações utilizadas para se obter as posições e as velocidades dos átomos no sistema são baseadas nas leis de Newton. A simplicidade destas equações acopladas ao desenvolvimento de potencias cada vez mais robustos tem permitido a interpretação e solução de vários desafios da química moderna. E recentemente, o desenvolvimento de computadores mais eficientes tem permitido o avanço da dinâmica molecular ab initio, onde as forças que atuam sobre o núcleo são calculadas a partir de cálculos de estrutura eletrônica que são executados em tempo real, à medida que a trajetória é gerada. As aplicações deste método permeiam o estado da arte da química, permitindo a simulação de compostos biológicos, desenvolvimento de novos fármacos e materiais, compreensão de mecanismos moleculares e reacionais, interações de curto e longo alcance, identificação de estados de transições e compreensão de comportamentos cinéticos não convencionais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer os fundamentos teóricos das principais abordagens dentro da dinâmica molecular ab initio: Dinâmica molecular de Erhenfest, Dinâmica molecular de Born-Oppenheimer e Dinâmica molecular de Car-Parrinello.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Keragaman Produk Tabungan terhadap Minat Menabung Masyarakat Bondowoso pada Bank Muamalat
Authors: Wafa Mochammad Ali , Lilis Yuliati  , Agung Budi Sulistiyo
Published: October 2023

The aim of this research is to find and examine the relationship between service quality and the diversity of savings products in attracting Bondowoso people's interest in saving at Bank Muamalat. Quantitative research is the type now used. The Bondowoso community was the target of this research, which included a sample of 100 respondents from each of the five sub-districts of Sukosari, Tapen, Wonosari, Tenggarang and Bondowoso. Multiple linear regression is the analysis tool used. The following are the findings from the multiple linear regression analysis coefficient assessment: 1) With a beta test coefficient of 0.249, service quality has a good and significant effect on the Bondowoso people's desire to save at Muamalat Bank; 2) With a beta test coefficient of 0.446, the diversity of savings products has a good and significant effect on the Bondowoso people's desire to save at Bank Muamalat; 3) With the beta test coefficient, service quality and diversity of savings products have a good and significant effect on the Bondowoso people's desire to save at Bank Muamalat.
Strategi Promosi Produk Pembiayaan UGT Modal Pertanian Barokah pada BMT UGT Sidogiri Dadapan Bondowoso
Authors: Khoirul Anam  , Agung Budi Sulistiyo  , N. Ari Subagio
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the promotion strategy used by BMT UGT Sidogiri in increasing the financing products for barokah agricultural capital at BMT UGT Sidogiri Dadapan Bondowoso. This type of research uses a case study approach based on in-depth investigation. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research are based on the results of interviews related to the promotion strategy used by BMT UGT Sidogiri to increase the product of barokah agricultural capital financing, namely; 1) direct face-to-face/personal selling where members of the BMT UGT Sidogiri go directly by way of friendly relations in order to market products owned by BMT and introduce BMT to the surrounding community. 2) BMT UGT Sidogiri carries out promotions through social media such as WA (whatsapp), sms, Facebook, and uses brochures.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Proof of the Binary Goldbach Conjecture. Proofs of Binary Goldbach, Andrica and Legendre Conjectures. Notes on the Riemann Hypothesis. (Edition 8D)
Authors: Buya Samuel , Nchima John Bezaleel
Published: October 2023

In this research a neccessary and sufficient condition for the proof of the Binary Goldbach conjecture is established. It is established that the square of all natural numbers greater or equal to 2 have an additive partition equal to the sum of the square of a natural number greater or equal to zero and a Goldbach partition semiprime. All Goldbach partition semiprimes are odd except 4. This finding is in itself proof all composite even numbers have at least Goldbach partition. The result of the proof of the Binary Goldbach conjecture is used to prove the Andrica and Legendre conjectures. The Riemann hypothesis is examined and sources of non trivial zeroes outside the critical strip are discussed. An example example of a non-trivial zero outside the critical strip is given
A Journey To Reach Ovary Using Next-Generation Technologies
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Truong An , Demeestere Isabelle
Published: October 2023

Although effective in term of chance of future live birth, the current methods for fertility preservation such as oocytes, embryo or ovarian tissue cryopreservation cannot be offered to all cancer patients and in all clinical contexts. Expanding options for fertility preservation is crucial to address the need to encompass all situations. One emerging strategy is pharmacoprotection, which is non-invasive and has the potential to fill existing gaps in fertility preservation. Besides the identification of the most efficient therapeutic agent itself, the potential off-target effect re-mains one of the main limitation of this strategy for clinical application, particularly when healthy ovarian tissue is targeted. This review focuses on the advances in pharmacoprotective approaches and the challenge of targeting the ovaries to deliver these agents. The unique properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) make them an attractive candidate for this purpose. We discuss how AuNPs meet many of the requirements for an ideal drug delivery system, as well as the existing limitations that have hindering the progression of AuNPs research into more clinical trials. Additionally, the review highlights microRNA (miRNA) therapy as a next-generation approach to address the issues of fertility preservation and discusses the obstacles that currently impede its clinical availability.
YKL-40 and Cellular Metabolic Profile in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kazakova Maria Hristova , Gevezova Maria Petrova , Trenova Anastasia Georgieva , Sarafian Victoria Stepan
Published: October 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation plays a crucial role as a pathogenetic mechanism in PD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profile of PBMCs from PD patients and to search for a possible relationship be-tween cellular bioenergetics and YKL-40. Materials and methods: The study included 18 naïve PD and an age-matched control group (HC, n=7). Patients were diagnosed according to the MDS-PD, the UPDRS and the Hoen–Yahr scales. Mitochondrial activity was measured by a metabolic analyzer on isolated PBMCs from PD’s patients. Gene (qPCR) and protein (ELISA) expression levels of YKL40 were investigated. Results: New data are reported revealing changes in mito-chondrial activity and YKL-40 levels in PD patients. Bioenergetic parameters showed increased respiratory reserve capacity in the PD compared to HC. The protein levels of YKL-40 were three-fold higher in PD. We found a correlation between YKL-40 protein levels and basal respiration and between YKL-40 and ATP production. Conclusion: These observations suggest an interplay between YKL-40 and mitochondrial function in PD. We assume that YKL-40 gene and protein levels in combination with changes in mitochondrial function might serve as an additional tool to monitor the clinical course of PD.
OnTunAr Ontology for Automated Annotation of Archaeological Images
Authors: Ben Salah Marwa , Yengui Ameni , Neji Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

In recent years, ontology plays an important role in facilitating the semantic description of images which consists of describing the image by a set of words to describe the scene which signifies the belonging of the image. This description specified in several archaeological fields such as cultural, religious objects and heritage objects of France. However, the description of archaeological images is not yet exploited because this field is very diverse. In this article, we present a panel of ontology construction methods as well as archaeological ontologies. Also, we show our own OntunAr ontology to describe Tunisian archaeological images. In addition, we integrate OnTunAr into the automatic annotation of Tunisian archaeological images.
The Effect of Ecological Agents Added to Lubricating Oil on Selected Operating Parameters of an Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Krakowski Rafał , Marut Tomasz
Published: October 2023

The article presents the influence of ecological agents, i.e. the effective microorganisms and silver compounds addition to lubricating oil on operating parameters of an internal combustion engine. The basic diagnostic parameters of a piston engine determining its technical condition were described. In the further part, the research stand and materials were presented. In the main part of this article for pure oil compared to oil with the effective microorganisms and silver compounds addition were shown. It was found that the addition of effective microorganisms and silver compounds to the oil reduces the emission of toxic components into the atmosphere along with the exhaust gases, while the remaining engine operating parameters for each load value show that these additives do not cause deterioration of the technical condition of the tested engine. Of all the agents used, the best results are obtained with the addition of ceramic tubes, because it is an additive that does not affect the properties of the oil in its composition. The advantage of ceramic tubes is the slow release of effective microorganisms, which has an effect on the parameters of the oil and thus on the operation of the engine. In further research, it will be checked how these additives affect the anti-seize and anti-wear properties of the lubricating oil used, which should give a broader view of the impact of these additives on the technical condition of the operated piston engine.
Current Advances and Challenges in Chemical Recycling of Polymeric Materials
Authors: Kim Hee Joong
Published: October 2023

Ranging from traditional food packaging, clothing, and furniture to the current small and large electronic devices and automobiles, plastics serve to fulfill diverse demands in our daily lives. However, the global plastic waste generation is dramatically escalating, currently standing at approximately 150 million metric tonnes annually. While some of regenerated plastics recycled by mechanical methods can be used as their parent plastics, cost and energy savings are limited by multiple preliminary processes such as plastic sorting, shredding, washing, and drying. Moreover, the continuous mechanical recycling process degrades the physical properties of the materials. In this context, chemical recycling is emerging as a promising alternative method due to its high efficiency, simple preliminary steps, reducing reliance on fossil resources, and conversion of plastic waste into value-added chemicals. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of contemporary chemical recycling of polymeric materials via i) depolymerization: “polymers to small valuable molecules” and ii) closed-loop cycles: “polymers to monomers, and/or to polymers”, by encompassing both traditional/advanced depolymerization chemistries and the remaining challenges. These recycling approaches are contextualized within the present industrial technologies, key design principles, and specific recycling case studies related to distinct polymeric materials.
Assessing the Potential Role of Cats (Felis Catus) as Generators of Relevant SARS-CoV-2 Lineages during the Pandemic
Authors: Gomez-Romero Ninnet , Basurto-Alcantara Francisco Javier , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro
Published: October 2023

Several questions regarding the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly elucidated. One of these questions is the possible evolutionary impact of SARS-CoV-2 after the infection in domestic animals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of cats as generators of relevant SARS-CoV-2 lineages during the pandemic. A total of 105 full-length genome viral sequences obtained from naturally infected cats during the pandemic were evaluated by distinct evolutionary algorithms. Analyses were enhanced, including a set of highly related SARS-CoV-2 sequences recovered from human populations. Our results showed the apparent high susceptibility of cats to the infection SARS-CoV-2 compared with other animal species. Evolutionary analyses indicated that the phylogenomic characteristics displayed by cat populations were influenced by the dominance of specific SARS-CoV-2 genetic groups affecting human populations. However, disparate dN/dS rates at some genes between populations recovered from cats and humans suggested that infection in these two species may suppose a different evolutionary constraint for SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the branch selection analysis showed evidence of the potential role of natural selection in the emergence of 5 distinct cat lineages during the pandemic. Although these lineages were apparently irrelevant to public health during the pandemic, our results suggested that additional studies are needed to understand the role of other animal species in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic.
Pharmacological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Synthesized Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Bafail Rawan , Samman Waad , Alsulaimany Marwa , Aljohani Ahmed
Published: October 2023

A series of pyrazolopyrimidines derivatives 4– 11 were synthesized using 1-(6-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylpyridazin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidin-4-amine 3 as a starting material. The detailed synthesis, structure assignments of the novel compounds based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence, spectroscopic data, pharmacological properties and molecular docking are reported. The pharmacological evaluation illustrated that many of these compounds have good analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.
TINJAUAN PUTUSAN DI LUAR SURAT DAKWAAN TERHADAP PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DAN PENGABAIAN SEMA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2017
Authors: Prasetya Yuan Angger , Aldyan Arsyad
Published: October 2023

This research aims to find out the reasons for the judge’s decision outside the indictment against a narcotics crime case associated with the theories in the Criminal Procedure Code and also SEMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2017. This research was conducted using doctrinal or normative legal research methods that are perspective or applied by using primary and secondary legal sources which are certainly related to the topic. The collection of legal materials by means of a literature study and using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach with a deductive syllogism so that it can be found whether the judge can decide on a case of narcotics crime outside the indictment.

 Keywords: indictment, judge decision, narcotics crime case.
PENGGUNAAN POLIGRAF (LIE DETECTOR) DALAM PEMBUKTIAN PERKARA PERSETUBUHAN ANAK
Authors: Melati Agnada Risma , Septiningsih Ismawati
Published: October 2023

This article analyses the use of a polygraph (lie detector) in proving cases of child intercourse in decision number: 111/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Wno. The purpose of this article is to determine the suitability of using a polygraph (lie detector) in the crime of sexual intercourse with a child under the provisions of Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. This writing uses normative legal research methods that are prescriptive and applied. The approach used in this research is a case approach. Types and sources of legal materials through library research. The results of the study show that the use of a polygraph (lie detector) in the evidence carried out by the Public Prosecutor regarding the crime of sexual intercourse with a child in the decision number: 111/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Wno is in accordance with Article 184 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, namely as letter evidence. However, in this case its position is only limited as complementary evidence, not as the main evidence at trial, so it must be paired with other evidence to strengthen the evidentiary process in court.

 Keywords: Proof; Polygraph; Letter
PELAKSANAAN PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PADA TAHAP PENUNTUTAN DALAM PERKARA PENGANIAYAAN DI KEJAKSAAN NEGERI SURAKARTA
Authors: Athadia Muhammad Daffa , Setiawan Vincentius Patria
Published: October 2023

This article was written to determine the implementation of the application of restorative justice in solving persecution cases at the prosecution stage. This research is in the form of normative or doctrinal legal research with a case approach, which is prescriptive and applied. The technique of collecting legal materials used in this study is document studies or literature studies obtained from primary and secondary legal materials. The analytical technique used in this study is the deduction syllogism method, which is drawing conclusions using syllogistic logic for legal reasoning derived from legal rules and facts. Based on this research, it was found that there was a compatibility between the termination of prosecution carried out by the Public Prosecutor and Prosecutor's Regulation no. 15 of 2020 concerning the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice. In this case, the suspect NOVYAN PUTRANTO Alias NOVYAN Bin EDY KUSNANTO committed a crime for the first time. The criminal act of persecution committed by the suspect is regulated in article 351 of the Criminal Code with criminal threats regulated in article 1. This case can also be stopped from prosecution based on Article 3 Paragraph 1 of Prosecutor's Regulation no 15 of 2020. The implementation of restorative justice must refer to applicable regulations and the role of the victim who determines the success of the implementation of restorative justice.

 Keywords: Restorative Justice; Prosecution; Persecution; Application
PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM PADA TINGKAT PENYIDIKAN
Authors: Putra Danadyaksa , Mahfudh Nafi’uddin Fauzi
Published: October 2023

This study aims to find out the the arrangement of the rights of suspects to receive legal aid in Indonesian positive law. In addition, it is also to find out the problems in the implementation of the provision of legal aid at the investigative level. The method used in this research is normative legal research which is prescriptive and applied. The approach that the author uses in this study is statute approach and conseptual approach. The types and sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials by means of literature/document studies. The law material analysis technique uses the syllogism method using a deductive mindset. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in principle the arrangements regarding the rights of suspects to receive legal aid at the investigation level have been regulated in such a way in various laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia. However, legal aid arrangements that have been arranged in such a way do not mean there are no problems in their implementation. The provision of legal aid at the investigation level, where the main arrangement is based on the provisions of Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code, there are still various problems in its implementation. The problem can be seen from the legal system, legal structure, and legal culture of the implementation of the provision of legal aid at this level of investigation.

Keywords: Legal Aid; Investigation; Suspect
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN DAKWAAN ALTERNATIF SUBSIDAIR OLEH PENUNTUT UMUM DALAM PERKARA PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Akmalia Afina , Aldyan Arsyad
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the suitability of the use of alternative subsidiary forms of indictment by public prosecutors in proving child protection cases with the provisions of the KUHAP based on decision Number 13/Pid.Sus.Anak/2020/PN.Kln. This research is included in normative legal research with a case study. Techniques for collecting primary and secondary legal materials are obtained from document studies or literature. Based on this research, it was found that the use of an alternative subsidiary form of indictment by the public prosecutor in proving child protection cases in Decision Number 13/Pid.Sus.Anak/2020/PN.Kln is by the KUHAP. The Public Prosecutor in preparing the indictment has complied with the provisions stipulated in the Attorney General’s Circular Letter Number SE004/J.A/11/1993 concerning Making Indictments. The preparation of this subsidiary alternative indictment has met the formal and material requirements for an indictment as regulated in the provisions of Article 143 Paragraph (2) of the KUHAP. The Public Prosecutor used an alternative subsidiary form of indictment because the Public Prosecutor was unsure which article was most appropriate to apply to the actions he was charged with against the defendant.
Keywords: Indictment, Alternative Subsidiary, Public Prosecutor, Child Protection
Autonomous Thermosiphon System of Passive Residual Heat Removal from the Primary Circuit of the Reactor Plant: Features of Operation, Characteristics and Basic Advantages
Authors: Sviridenko I. I , Shevelyov D. V.
Published: October 2023

An autonomous system of passive removal of residual heat (PRRHS) of a reactor installation with VVER designed to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants in an accident with complete long-term blackout is considered. The system provides for the removal of heat directly from the first circuit of the reactor plant (PRRHS R). In order to increase the reliability and safety of the emergency heat sink, heat exchange equipment based on closed-type evaporation and condensation devices – two-phase thermosyphons – has been used in the system. The main feature of such heat exchangers is that their thermosiphon assemblies structurally separate the primary circuit and the auxiliary circuit of the PRRHS, which is removed outside the reactor compartment, and provide safe and efficient heat removal, reduce the risk of radioactive contamination spreading beyond safety barriers. Such autonomous passive systems will provide effective heat removal directly from the primary circuit by changing the chain of successive heat transfer sites from nuclear fuel to the final absorber and excluding from it such elements, as for example steam generators, the condition and operability of which in the emergency process of heat removal have a major impact on the safety of the reactor core. The article presents a diagram of an autonomous heat sink system; also, a description of its operation is given. The main characteristics of the course of the emergency process of removal of residual heat by the autonomous thermosiphon PRRHS R obtained by computational modeling have been considered. The advantages of an autonomous thermosiphon passive system in comparison with a passive heat removal system of a reactor installation with VVER through the second circuit are analyzed. The obtained results are proposed to solve the problems of diversification of passive safety systems of evolutionary reactor plants of nuclear power plants with VVER type reactors.
Comparative genomic analysis provides insights into HGE mediated hya and virD4 gene horizontal transfer in Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Authors: Su Yan , Tien Yuhui , Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Baojiang , Lv Fenfen
Published: October 2023

Background
Prophages and genomic islands are associated with the modulation of bacterial pathogenic characteristics. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is an opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen that causes infections in humans and animals. Genetic alterations are frequently observed in Streptococcus genomes and usually confer advantages for enhanced survival or virulence. In addition, the complete genome of the SEZ donkey strain has not been reported. In this study, to investigate the genomic characteristics, virulence, and fitness of SEZ JMC 111 (an equine isolate) and HT 321 (a donkey isolate) isolated in China, whole genome sequencing was performed. Then a comparative genome analysis of these two strains was carried out to comprehensively and systematically explore the factors that led to differences in their genetic diversity and pathogenicity.
Results
We found the hya and virD4 genes were carried and horizontally transferred by mobile genetic elements like prophages and genome islands during the evolution of these strains. Our results revealed that the HT321 exhibited higher levels of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, whereas the JMC 111 displayed higher virulence.
Conclusions
our study highlights the critical role of genome islands and prophages in the rapid adaptation and response to clinical stress, such as antimicrobial treatment and mobile genetic elements, which is one of the drivers for the evolution of SEZ.