bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Aerobics Exercise Training on the Pulse Oximetry of Pregnant Women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: K. Madume A. , Nonye-Enyidah E. I. , N.  Woko C. , E. Inyang M.
Published: August 2022

A significant proportion of women stop exercising after knowing they are pregnant, and only a handful begin exercising throughout pregnancy. Adopting or maintaining a sedentary lifestyle while pregnant may contribute to the development of certain illnesses. Given the worldwide epidemic of sedentary behaviour and obesity-related disease, prenatal physical exercise has been demonstrated to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of these illnesses.  The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobics exercise training on the pulse oximetry of pregnant women. Sixty-four pregnant women who completed the study were simply randomized into experimental (n=38) and control (n=26) groups and their pre-intervention values were taken and recorded. A ten week, three times weekly aerobic exercise (40 – 45minutes) training was administered on the experimental group. A post-intervention score was also taken from all participants and the data analyzed using mean and standard deviations. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the impact at 0.05 alpha level. Results showed the Aerobic Exercise Training impacted on the pulse oximetry of pregnant women in the experimental group which reduced from a mean score of 97.82+0.73 to 97.66+1.07 and the control group from 96.96+0.87 to 96.15+0.92 . From the foregoing, it was concluded that the Aerobic Exercise Training was impactful on the pulse oximetry of the pregnant women.
Três efemérides de 2020: Beethoven, Nepomuceno e Widmer
Authors: Alessio Beatriz
Published: August 2022

O ano de 2020 marca, além do inescapável e onipresente ano Beethoven (pelos seus 250 anos de nascimento), outras datas importantes para a música brasileira com dois aniversários de falecimento. Este ano completam-se 100 anos da morte de Alberto Nepomuceno e 30 anos da partida de Ernst Widmer, ambos eventos que passaram quase despercebidos em meio à onda de calamidades entremeada pelo cancelamento de temporadas e concertos em todo o país.
Estimating Risk of Chronic Pain and Disability Following Musculoskeletal Trauma in the United Kingdom
Authors: Evans David W. , Rushton Alison , Middlebrook Nicola , Bishop Jon , Barbero Marco , Patel Jaimin , Falla Deborah
Published: August 2022

Importance

Serious traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with most survivors known to develop chronic pain.

Objective

To describe early variables associated with poor long-term outcome for posttrauma pain and create a clinical screening tool for this purpose.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prospective cohort study at a major trauma center hospital in England. Recruitment commenced in December 2018 and ceased in March 2020. Participants were followed up for 12 months. Patients aged 16 years or older who were hospitalized because of acute musculoskeletal trauma within the preceding 14 days were included. Data were analyzed from March to December 2021.

Exposure

Acute musculoskeletal trauma requiring admittance to a major trauma center hospital.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A poor outcome was defined as Chronic Pain Grade II or higher and measured at both 6 months (primary time point) and 12 months. A broad range of candidate variables potentially associated with outcomes were used, including surrogates for pain mechanisms, quantitative sensory testing, and psychosocial factors. Univariable models were used to identify the variables most likely to be associated with poor outcome, which were entered into multivariable models. A clinical screening tool (nomogram) was derived from 6-month results.

Results

In total, 1590 consecutive patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 772 were deemed eligible and 124 (80 male [64.5%]; mean [SD] age, 48.9 [18.8] years) were recruited. At 6 months, 19 of 82 respondents (23.2%) reported a good outcome, whereas at 12 months 27 of 44 respondents (61.4%) reported a good outcome. At 6 months on univariable analysis, an increase in total posttraumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.33-3.28), pain intensity average (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.37-6.00), number of fractures (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.02-7.64), and pain extent (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.57-13.87) were associated with worse outcomes. A multivariable model including those variables had a sensitivity of 0.93, a specificity of 0.54, and C-index of 0.92.

Conclusions and Relevance

A poor long-term pain outcome from musculoskeletal traumatic injuries may be estimated by measures recorded within days of injury. These findings suggest that posttraumatic stress symptoms, pain spatial distribution, perceived average pain intensity, and number of fractures are good candidates for a sensitive multivariable model and derived clinical screening tool.
Seeing Ellen and the Platinum Rule
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max
Published: August 2022

This essay discusses basing care decisions on what the patient wants and not presuming to know what is in the patient’s best interest based on what we would want in their circumstances.
Choosing a Physician for Your Child
Authors: McBride Allison S. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: August 2022

This Patient Page describes how to find a child health clinician, what you can learn about the clinician at a prenatal visit, and how to decide if a clinic fits your schedule and expectations.
Improving Antibiotic Stewardship for Diarrheal Disease With Probability-Based Electronic Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Nelson Eric J. , Khan Ashraful I. , Keita Adama Mamby , Brintz Ben J. , Keita Youssouf , Sanogo Doh , Islam Md Taufiqul , Khan Zahid Hasan , Rashid Md Mahbubur , Nasrin Dilruba , Watt Melissa H. , Ahmed Sharia M. , Haaland Ben , Pavia Andrew T. , Levine Adam C. , Chao Dennis L. , Kotloff Karen L. , Qadri Firdausi , Sow Samba O. , Leung Daniel T.
Published: August 2022

Importance

Inappropriate use of antibiotics for diarrheal illness can result in adverse effects and increase in antimicrobial resistance.

Objective

To determine whether the diarrheal etiology prediction (DEP) algorithm, which uses patient-specific and location-specific features to estimate the probability that diarrhea etiology is exclusively viral, impacts antibiotic prescriptions in patients with acute diarrhea.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A randomized crossover study was conducted to evaluate the DEP incorporated into a smartphone-based electronic clinical decision-support (eCDS) tool. The DEP calculated the probability of viral etiology of diarrhea, based on dynamic patient-specific and location-specific features. Physicians were randomized in the first 4-week study period to the intervention arm (eCDS with the DEP) or control arm (eCDS without the DEP), followed by a 1-week washout period before a subsequent 4-week crossover period. The study was conducted at 3 sites in Bangladesh from November 17, 2021, to January 21, 2021, and at 4 sites in Mali from January 6, 2021, to March 5, 2021. Eligible physicians were those who treated children with diarrhea. Eligible patients were children between ages 2 and 59 months with acute diarrhea and household access to a cell phone for follow-up.

Interventions

Use of the eCDS with the DEP (intervention arm) vs use of the eCDS without the DEP (control arm).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the proportion of children prescribed an antibiotic.

Results

A total of 30 physician participants and 941 patient participants (57.1% male; median [IQR] age, 12 [8-18] months) were enrolled. There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of children prescribed antibiotics by physicians using the DEP (risk difference [RD], −4.2%; 95% CI, −10.7% to 1.0%). In a post hoc analysis that accounted for the predicted probability of a viral-only etiology, there was a statistically significant difference in risk of antibiotic prescription between the DEP and control arms (RD, −0.056; 95% CI, −0.128 to −0.01). No known adverse effects of the DEP were detected at 10-day postdischarge.

Conclusions and Relevance

Use of a tool that provides an estimate of etiological likelihood did not result in a significant change in overall antibiotic prescriptions. Post hoc analysis suggests that a higher predicted probability of viral etiology was linked to reductions in antibiotic use.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04602676
A universal co‐expression gene network and prognostic model for hepatic–biliary–pancreatic cancers identified by integrative analyses
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xiao Juan , Wang Yixuan , Zheng Xiao , Cui Jiajun , Wang Chaochen
Published: August 2022

Hepatic, biliary and pancreatic cancers are a diverse set of malignancies with poor prognoses. It is possible that common molecular mechanisms are involved in the carcinogenesis of these cancers. Here, we identified LINC01537 and seven protein‐coding genes by integrative analysis of transcriptomes of mRNAs, microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs from cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cohorts in TCGA. A predictive model constructed from seven biomarkers was established to successfully predict the survival rate of patients, which was then further verified in external cohorts. Additionally, patients with high‐risk scores in our model were prone to epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Finally, activation of the biomarker PDE2A significantly attenuated migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in the HepG2 liver cancer cell line.
Co‐design: Working with farmers in Europe to halt the loss of biological diversity
Authors: Hölting Lisanne , Busse Maria , Bülow Stefanie , Engler Jan O. , Hagemann Nina , Joormann Ineke , Kernecker Maria Lee , Larondelle Neele , Sturm Astrid , Turkelboom Francis , Wätzold Frank , Cord Anna F.
Published: August 2022

Biodiversity loss in European agricultural landscapes is progressing rapidly despite a growing number of conservation efforts. One of the reasons for this is that farmers do not have enough decision‐making power and do not receive adequate advice to tailor conservation measures to local conditions and regional biodiversity targets.

In this paper, we therefore address the potential and practical implementation of co‐designing conservation measures through close collaboration between farmers and other stakeholders (e.g. other practitioners, conservation experts, agricultural advisors, scientists and policymakers).

Based on interviews with four researchers from ongoing European co‐design projects, one national and one European farmers’ organizations, we discuss the challenges and provide recommendations for co‐design in the context of biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.

Our aim is to reach scientists, practitioners and local decision makers working on innovative and locally adapted conservation efforts.
Advanced artificial agents intervene in the provision of reward
Authors: Cohen Michael K. , Hutter Marcus , Osborne Michael A.
Published: August 2022

We analyze the expected behavior of an advanced artificial agent with a learned goal planning in an unknown environment. Given a few assumptions, we argue that it will encounter a fundamental ambiguity in the data about its goal. For example, if we provide a large reward to indicate that something about the world is satisfactory to us, it may hypothesize that what satisfied us was the sending of the reward itself; no observation can refute that. Then we argue that this ambiguity will lead it to intervene in whatever protocol we set up to provide data for the agent about its goal. We discuss an analogous failure mode of approximate solutions to assistance games. Finally, we briefly review some recent approaches that may avoid this problem.
Adaptive finite‐time attitude tracking control of quadrotor under actuator faults and external disturbances with guaranteed performance
Authors: Xu Gang , Xia Yuanqing , Zhai Di‐Hua , Lyu Weizhi
Published: August 2022

The problem of attitude tracking control for quadrotor in presence of actuator faults and external disturbances is investigated in this article. By using fast terminal sliding mode control combined with prescribed performance technique, an adaptive control strategy capable of accommodating actuator faults and suppressing external disturbances is designed to achieve attitude finite‐time tracking control with guaranteed performance. In particular, with the help of Nussbaum functions, actuator faults are passively handled without extra development of fault detection and diagnosis mechanism. The finite‐time stability of attitude system under actuator faults and external disturbances is analyzed by Lyapunov stability criterion. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of proposed control scheme, numerical simulations in different cases are performed and presented in simulation section.
Origin of the Large Entropy Change in the Molecular Caloric and Ferroelectric Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Yuan Shurong , Meijer Bernet E. , Cai Guanqun , Dixey Richard J. C. , Demmel Franz , Dove Martin T. , Liu Jiaxun , Playford Helen Y. , Walker Helen C. , Phillips Anthony E.
Published: August 2022

The deceptively simple inorganic salt ammonium sulfate undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition associated with a very large entropy change and both electrocaloric and barocaloric functionality. While the structural origins of the electrical polarisation are now well established, those of the entropy change have been controversial for over 50 years. This question is resolved here using a combination of density‐functional theory phonon calculations with inelastic neutron scattering under variable temperature and pressure, supported by complementary total and quasielastic neutron scattering experiments. A simple model of the entropy in which each molecular ion is disordered across the mirror plane in the high symmetry phase, although widely used in the literature, proves to be untenable. Instead, the entropy arises from low‐frequency librations of ammonium ions in this phase, with harmonic terms that are very small or even negative. These results suggest that, in the search for molecular materials with functionality derived from large entropy changes, vibrational entropy arising from broad energy minima is likely to be just as important as configurational entropy arising from crystallographic disorder.
A Mild‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent Molecular System Enables Multilevel Anti‐Counterfeiting and Highly Adaptable Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Hu Dingfang , Xu Wenjun , Wang Gang , Liu Ke , Wang Zhaolong , Shi Qiyuan , Lin Simin , Liu Zhongshan , Fang Yu
Published: August 2022

Smart luminescent materials with tangible and reversible responses to external stimuli have gained popularity for multiple applications. However, impracticable stimuli and less adaptability render them unfit for real‐life applications. Here, a proton competitive binding‐based molecular system is reported, which demonstrates, both in solution and solid state, remarkable responses toward light illumination and temperature variation. Small change in solvent composition could result in remarkable variation in measurable temperature range at least from −80 to 60 °C. Combination of light illumination and temperature change enables multilevel anti‐counterfeiting, as well as construction of easy‐to‐use and high‐resolution liquid thermometers. The key components in the concerned molecular system are a newly designed fluorophore, NI‐CBN, a four‐coordinated boron derivative of naphthalimide (NI), and an organic fluoride salt that is tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF). Reaction between NI‐CBN and TBAF yields a dynamic fluorophore, NI‐CBN‐F, which shows remarkable color change to the stimuli via proton migration between the imine group in NI‐CBN and the fluoride anion of the salt. Such responses enable the aforementioned advanced anti‐counterfeiting and visible temperature monitoring.
Polyphenol‐Functionalized Cubosomes as Thrombolytic Drug Carriers
Authors: Yu Haitao , Palazzolo Jason S. , Ju Yi , Niego Be'eri , Pan Shuaijun , Hagemeyer Christoph E. , Caruso Frank
Published: August 2022

The safe administration of thrombolytic agents is a challenge for the treatment of acute thrombosis. Lipid‐based nanoparticle drug delivery technologies present opportunities to overcome the existing clinical limitations and deliver thrombolytic therapy with enhanced therapeutic outcomes and safety. Herein, lipid cubosomes are examined as nanocarriers for the encapsulation of thrombolytic drugs. The lipid cubosomes are loaded with the thrombolytic drug urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and coated with a low‐fouling peptide that is incorporated within a metal–phenolic network (MPN). The peptide‐containing MPN (pep‐MPN) coating inhibits the direct contact of uPA with the surrounding environment, as assessed by an in vitro plasminogen activation assay and an ex vivo whole blood clot degradation assay. The pep‐MPN‐coated cubosomes prepared with 22 wt% peptide demonstrate a cell membrane‐dependent thrombolytic activity, which is attributed to their fusogenic lipid behavior. Moreover, compared with the uncoated lipid cubosomes, the uPA‐loaded pep‐MPN‐coated cubosomes demonstrate significantly reduced nonspecific cell association (<10% of the uncoated cubosomes) in the whole blood assay, a prolonged circulating half‐life, and reduced splenic uPA accumulation in mice. These studies confirm the preserved bioactivity and cell membrane‐dependent release of uPA within pep‐MPN‐coated lipid cubosomes, highlighting their potential as a delivery vehicle for thrombolytic drugs.
Ag2Q‐Based (Q = S, Se, Te) Silver Chalcogenide Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Wei Tian‐Ran , Qiu Pengfei , Zhao Kunpeng , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong
Published: August 2022

Thermoelectric technology provides a promising solution to sustainable energy utilization and scalable power supply. Recently, Ag2Q‐based (Q = S, Se, Te) silver chalcogenides have come forth as potential thermoelectric materials that are endowed with complex crystal structures, high carrier mobility coupled with low lattice thermal conductivity, and even exceptional plasticity. This review presents the latest advances in this material family, from binary compounds to ternary and quaternary alloys, covering the understanding of multi‐scale structures and peculiar properties, the optimization of thermoelectric performance, and the rational design of new materials. The “composition‐phase structure‐thermoelectric/mechanical properties” correlation is emphasized. Flexible and hetero‐shaped thermoelectric prototypes based on Ag2Q materials are also demonstrated. Several key problems and challenges are put forward concerning further understanding and optimization of Ag2Q‐based thermoelectric chalcogenides.
Diffusive Memristors with Uniform and Tunable Relaxation Time for Spike Generation in Event‐Based Pattern Recognition
Authors: Ye Fan , Kiani Fatemeh , Huang Yi , Xia Qiangfei
Published: August 2022

A diffusive memristor is a promising building block for brain‐inspired computing hardware. However, the randomness in the device relaxation dynamics limits the wide‐range adoption of diffusive memristors in large arrays. In this work, the device stack is engineered to achieve a much‐improved uniformity in the relaxation time (standard deviation σ reduced from ≈12 to ≈0.32 ms). The memristor is further connected with a resistor or a capacitor and the relaxation time is tuned between 1.13 µs and 1.25 ms, ranging from three orders of magnitude. The hierarchy of time surfaces (HOTS) algorithm, to utilize the tunable and uniform relaxation behavior for spike generation, is implemented. An accuracy of 77.3% is achieved in recognizing moving objects in the neuromorphic MNIST (N‐MNIST) dataset. The work paves the way for building emerging neuromorphic computing hardware systems with ultralow power consumption.
Exceptionally High Saturation Magnetic Flux Density and Ultralow Coercivity via an Amorphous–Nanocrystalline Transitional Microstructure in an FeCo‐Based Alloy
Authors: Li Xuesong , Zhou Jing , Shen Laiquan , Sun Baoan , Bai Haiyang , Wang Weihua
Published: August 2022

High saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) of soft magnetic materials is essential for increasing the power density of modern magnetic devices and motor machines. Yet, increasing Bs is always at the expense of high coercivity (Hc), presenting a general trade‐off in the soft magnetic material family. Here, superior comprehensive soft magnetic properties, i.e., an exceptionally high Bs of up to 1.94 T and Hc as low as 4.3 A m−1 are unprecedentedly combined in an FeCo‐based alloy. This alloy is obtained through a composition design strategy to construct a transitional microstructure between amorphous and traditional nanocrystalline alloys, with nanocrystals (with < 5 nm‐sized crystal‐like regions around) sparsely dispersed in an amorphous matrix. Such transitional microstructure possesses extremely low magnetic anisotropy caused by the annihilation of quasi‐dislocation dipoles, and a strong magnetic exchange interaction, which leads to excellent comprehensive magnetic properties. The results provide useful guidelines for the development of the next generation of soft magnetic materials, which are promising for applications of high‐frequency, high‐efficiency, and energy‐saving devices.
Overcoming the Limitations of MXene Electrodes for Solution‐Processed Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Han Shin Jung , Lee Hyeon‐Dong , Zhang Danzhen , Anayee Mark , Jo Seung Hyeon , Gogotsi Yury , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: August 2022

MXenes constitute a rapidly growing family of 2D materials that are promising for optoelectronic applications because of numerous attractive properties, including high electrical conductivity. However, the most widely used titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene transparent conductive electrode exhibits insufficient environmental stability and work function (WF), which impede practical applications Ti3C2Tx electrodes in solution‐processed optoelectronics. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene film with a compact structure and a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) barrier layer is presented as a promising electrode for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electrode shows excellent environmental stability, high WF of 5.84 eV, and low sheet resistance RS of 97.4 Ω sq−1. The compact Ti3C2Tx structure after thermal annealing resists intercalation of moisture and environmental contaminants. In addition, the PFSA surface modification passivates interflake defects and modulates the WF. Thus, changes in the WF and RS are negligible even after 22 days of exposure to ambient air. The Ti3C2Tx MXene is applied for large‐area, 10 × 10 passive matrix flexible OLEDs on substrates measuring 6 × 6 cm. This work provides a simple but efficient strategy to overcome both the limited environmental stability and low WF of MXene electrodes for solution‐processable optoelectronics.
Tunable Plasmonic Devices by Integrating Graphene with Ferroelectric Nanocavity
Authors: Guo Junxiong , Li Shangdong , Chen Jianbo , Cai Ji , Gou Xin , Wang Shicai , Ye Jinghua , Liu Yu , Lin Lin
Published: August 2022

Graphene plasmons can become the fundamental of novel conceptual photonic devices, resulting from their unique characteristics containing excitation at room temperature and tunable spectral selectivity in different frequencies. The pursuit of efficiently exciting and manipulating graphene plasmons is necessary and significant for high‐performance devices. Here, the graphene plasmon wave propagating in ferroelectric nanocavity array is investigated. It has been experimentally shown that the periodic ferroelectric polarizations can be used for doping graphene into desired spatial carrier density patterns. Based on a theoretical model that considers periodic ununiform conductivity across graphene sheet, the simulation results show surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) in graphene can be excited by an incident light in a similar way to the excitation of photonic crystal resonant modes. The graphene SPP resonance can be tuned from ≈720 to ≈1 000 cm−1 by rescaling the ferroelectric nanocavity array, and from ≈540 to ≈780 cm−1 by dynamically changing the applied gate voltage. This strategy of graphene carrier engineering to excite SPP offers a promising way for large‐scale, nondestructive fabrication of novel graphene photonic devices.
A Fully Transparent, Stretchable Multi‐Layered Water Barrier Thin Film for the Passivation of Underwater Device Applications
Authors: Oh Myung Seok , Ryu Jin , Jeon Mingyu , Lee Injun , Bae Byeong‐Soo , You Jae Bem , Im Sung Gap
Published: August 2022

Recent developments in wearable and embeddable electronic devices in physiological condition, such as neuroprobe and electroceuticals, have brought forth the need for a reliable passivation layer against water permeation into the devices. On top of the excellent waterproof barrier performance, the passivation layers must also be equipped with stretchability and dermatoid softness for the reliable operation of the devices without failure in the wet environment. Here, this work demonstrates a stretchable, superhydrophobic coating with excellent water barrier performance. The stretchable water barrier coating is formed by depositing alternating layers of a highly stretchable, superhydrophobic copolymer and a crosslinked organosiloxane polymer via initiated chemical vapor deposition. During the deposition, the organosiloxane polymer penetrates into the free volume of superhydrophobic copolymer to form a highly mixed network at the interface. Accordingly, a five‐layered coating shows excellent water and molecular barrier performance with no sign of degradation even at 60% of tensile strain. Moreover, this barrier film formed by vapor deposition is uniformly deposited on the substrate surface regardless of the type and morphology of the substrate. The highly stretchable water barrier coating developed in this study will serve as a promising candidate material for the passivation of various stretchable device applications.
Microsized Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices and Their Fabrication Techniques For Portable Applications
Authors: Bassyouni Zahraa , Allagui Anis , Abou Ziki Jana D.
Published: August 2022

Over the last decade, Lab‐on‐chip (LOC) technology has been thriving to support the ever‐increasing demand of high‐throughput, fast, accurate, and reliable analysis in an extensive variety of miniaturized systems for medical, chemical, and biological applications. Furthermore, portable electronics and consumer devices such as cell phones, tablets, smart watches, point‐of‐care devices, wireless sensor nodes, radio frequency identification, and other gadgets have witnessed a tremendous demand worldwide. These fast‐paced technologies have an intimate correlation with the booming research activity in micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) and microbatteries (MBs); two energy storage devices which have claimed the lion's share in powering LOC components and other portable devices. In this review, MSCs and MBs are presented with highlights on their main components, structure, and types, as well as their state‐of‐the‐art performance capabilities. The recent efforts in fabrication strategies, mainly those compatible with device fabrication techniques, stating the advantages and limitations of each are also reviewed. The paper also emphasizes the need for a benchmarking standard upon which performance is compared, as scholarly work shows a discrepancy in the use of different performance metrics to describe the electrochemical performance of such devices.
An Optical Multiplexing Method Using Upconversion Nanoparticles with Tunable P–I Relationship
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Gu Yuyang , Chai Yingjie , Wu Na , Wen Chenqing , Ke Jiaming , Sun Yishuo , Li Fuyou , Feng Wei
Published: August 2022

Optical multiplexing is of great value in information acquisition due to its excellent signal encoding ability. However, the number of encoding channels is often limited by instruments or luminescent materials used as information carriers in practical applications. To provide a new option, an optical multiplexing method based on the tunable relationship between excitation power density and emission intensity of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs; P–I relationship), which can be regulated by the co‐doping ratio of sensitizer ions and activator ions, is developed. This method can be implemented on commonly used optical imaging equipment. Since the P–I relationship is only related to the energy transfer process of lanthanide ions in UCNPs, it has the potential to be combined with other dimensions of optical multiplexing such as wavelength and intensity to provide more robust encoding ability.
Constructing Chromium Multioxide Hole‐Selective Heterojunction for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Xiong Shaobing , Dong Wei , Li Danqin , Yan Yuting , Jia Menghui , Dai Yannan , Zhao Qingbiao , Jiang Kai , Liu Xianjie , Ding Liming , Fahlman Mats , Sun Zhenrong , Bao Qinye
Published: August 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from significant nonradiative recombination at perovskite/charge transport layer heterojunction, seriously limiting their power conversion efficiencies. Herein, solution‐processed chromium multioxide (CrOx) is judiciously selected to construct a MAPbI3/CrOx/Spiro‐OMeTAD hole‐selective heterojunction. It is demonstrated that the inserted CrOxnot only effectively reduces defect sites via redox shuttle at perovskite contact, but also decreases valence band maximum (VBM)‐HOMO offset between perovskite and Spiro‐OMeTAD. This will diminish thermionic losses for collecting holes and thus promote charge transport across the heterojunction, suppressing both defect‐assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination. As a result, a remarkable improvement of 21.21% efficiency with excellent device stability is achieved compared to 18.46% of the control device, which is among the highest efficiencies for polycrystalline MAPbI3based n–i–p planar PSCs reported to date. These findings of this work provide new insights into novel charge‐selective heterojunctions for further enhancing efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Mechanism Analysis and Highly Scaled Aluminum Nitride‐Based Self‐Rectifying Memristors
Authors: Zhang Kailiang , Zhao Xuanyu , Han Yemei , Hu Kai , Zhang Yujian , Li Lianqiu , Zhou Qiaozhen , Shan Xin , Lin Xin , Shan Ke , Ma Zexia , Liu Qi , Song Zhitang , Wang Fang
Published: August 2022

Storage‐class memory and advanced neuromorphic‐related applications place an urgent requirement on large‐scale, highly compacted memristor array. However, crosstalk issue constrains the addressing accuracy and effective data scale of current array‐level memristor, which is detrimental to the industrial realization. Herein, scalability and physical processes of Al/AlN/W self‐rectifying memristor are investigated. The devices exhibit improved rectification ratio from 94 to 2600, switching ratio from 286 to 6099, higher uniformity, reliability, and nonvolatility by scaling the size from 10 to 5 µm. The application of aluminum nitride as active layer material not only makes the electrical properties more sensitive to the external electric field, but also dominates the switching process by constructing nitrogen vacancy conducting filaments, as demonstrated by a combination of scalability and mechanistic analysis. The high‐scaled AlN‐based self‐rectifying memristor exhibits a maximum effective array size of N = 14 372, which is 53 times enhancement compared to 10 µm size cells. The Al/AlN/W self‐rectifying memristor is confirmed to have a strong ability to suppress sneak currents and has the potential to serve large‐scale array‐level applications.
Iridium(III) Complexes Based on Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole Derivatives for Narrowband Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency of 32.3% and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Qu Zhong-Ze , Luo Xu-Feng , Mao Meng-Xi , Yip Ching-Fai , Zheng You-Xuan , Zuo Jing-Lin
Published: August 2022

Iridium(III) complexes have been widely used in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high efficiency and stability. However, the wide emission bands of most Ir(III) complexes affect the color purity and the device performance. Herein, three narrowband Ir(III) complexes (Ir1–Ir3) based on indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole moiety with pyridine group bound to the 9‐position are synthesized. The trimethylsilyl and trifluoromethyl substituents tune the emission color from yellow (567 nm) to orange (577 nm) and red (620 nm) with small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 38, 40, and 49 nm (1120, 1186, and 1262 cm−1) in toluene solutions, respectively. Furthermore, these complexes exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 88% and short phosphorescent lifetimes of down to 0.59 μs in doped films. Employing three complexes as emitters, the electroluminescence spectra of devices also show narrow FWHMs of 43, 45, and 53 nm (1294, 1310, and 1379 cm−1), respectively. Furthermore, all devices show high efficiencies, accompanied by low efficiency roll‐offs. The results provide a reliable strategy for designing highly efficient Ir(III) complexes with narrowband emissions for OLEDs.
Catalyst‐free Hantzsch Ester‐mediated Organic Transformations Driven by Visible light
Authors: Suresh Yedase Girish , Venugopal Sreelakshmi , P. Arya , Reddy Yatham Veera
Published: August 2022

In the early days of synthetic organic chemistry Hantzsch esters (HEs) were bio‐inspired hydride donors and often used for the reduction of C=X (X=C, N, O) bonds. Recently, it has been proved that HEs and their derivatives (4‐Alkyl‐ or acyl‐Hantzsch esters) serve as electron donor, proton source, hydrogen atom donor, alkyl and acyl radical precursors in photoredox catalysis. Recently it was found that the excited‐state of HEs has also been identified as a strong photo reductant in the absence of photocatalyst and also, the donor of HE forms EDA‐complexes with organic molecules and triggers SET process to generate carbon radical entities. This minireview focuses on the recent chemistry developments where Hantzsch esters act as a photo reductant in organic synthesis, with a special focus on the reaction mechanisms. We hope that this review will help in the further development of radical‐based organic transformations in absence of external photocatalysts.
Influence of Phase Transitions on Diffusive Molecular Transport Across Biological Membranes
Authors: Wu Tong , Wilhelm Michael J. , Ma Jianqiang , Li Yujie , Wu Yuhao , Dai Hai‐Lung
Published: August 2022

Phase transitions of lipid bilayer membranes should affect passive transport of molecules. While this hypothesis has been used to design drug‐releasing thermosensitive liposomes, the effect has yet to be quantified. Herein, we use time‐resolved second harmonic light scattering to measure transport of a molecular cation across membranes of unilamellar liposomes composed of the total lipid extract of E. coli from 9 °C to 36 °C, in which two distinct phase transitions (gel to liquid‐disordered phase) have been identified. While the transport rate slowly increases with temperature as a diffusion process, dramatic jumps are observed at 14.7 °C and 27.6 °C, the known phase transitions. The transport rate constant measured as (7.3±0.8)×10−3 s−1 in the liquid‐disordered phase at 36 °C is 35‐times faster than (2.1±0.2)×10−4 s−1 of the gel phase at 9 °C. For the mixed‐phase between these two phases, the measured rates are consistent with a structure of gel domains among a liquid‐disordered bulk.
Reaktionskaskaden evolvierter Enzyme zur Synthese komplexer Moleküle
Authors: Rosenthal Katrin , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Lütz Stephan
Published: August 2022

Dank der Fortschritte in der Enzymforschung, im Protein‐Engineering und der Entwicklung mehrstufiger enzymatischer Reaktionskaskaden wurden neue effiziente Wege für die Synthese von Wirkstoffen geschaffen, die chemischen Synthesen überlegen sind. Dies unterstützt das Ziel der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie, zu nachhaltigeren und umweltfreundlicheren Verfahren überzugehen. Zu den neuesten Beispielen gehören die biokatalytischen Kaskaden zur Synthese des zyklischen Dinukleotids MK‐1454, von Molnupiravir und Islatravir sowie die effiziente Fixierung von CO2 zur Herstellung von Stärke mit Hilfe einer künstlichen Enzymkaskade.
Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Activation of Formamides
Authors: Wang Yin‐Xia , Zhang Feng‐Ping , Chen Hao , Li Yue , Li Jiang‐Fei , Ye Mengchun
Published: August 2022

Enantioselective Ni‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H bond activation remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we used phosphine oxide‐ligated Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to realize enantioselective Ni‐catalyzed aliphatic C(sp3)−H activation of formamides, providing a series of chiral N‐containing heterocycles in 40–95 % yield and 70–95 % ee.
Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free Arene C−H Borylations: From Directing Groups to Borylation Template Reagents
Authors: Berionni Guillaume
Published: August 2022

The latest developments in the field of electrophilic C−H borylation reactions of arenes and heteroarenes without transition metals are briefly overviewed, with a particular emphasis on the latest advances enabling the highly regioselective C−H borylations of indoles and indolines using borylation template reagents.
Efficient Photoreduction of Diluted CO2to Tunable Syngas by Ni−Co Dual Sites through d‐band Center Manipulation
Authors: Qian Gan , Lyu Wenyuan , Zhao Xin , Zhou Jingyi , Fang Ruiqi , Wang Fengliang , Li Yingwei
Published: August 2022

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2into syngas is a promising way to address the energy and environmental challenges. Here we report the integration of Ni−Co dual sites on Ni doped Co3O4ultrathin nanosheets assembled double‐hollow nanotube (Ni−Co3O4NSDHN) for efficient photoreduction of low‐concentration CO2.Quasiin situ spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the declining ofd‐band center of Ni−Co dual sites enables the electrons accumulation in thedxz/dyz‐2π* anddz2‐5σorbitals. As a result, the binding strength of *CO is weakened and the *H adsorption site is modulated from metal sites to an oxygen site. Remarkably, Ni−Co3O4NSDHN exhibits superior diluted CO2photoconversion activity and controllable selectivity under the irradiation of visible light or even natural sunlight. A syngas evolution rate of 170.0 mmol g−1 h−1with an apparent quantum yield of 3.7 % and continuously adjustable CO/H2ratios from 1 : 10 to 10 : 1 are achieved.
Tuning the Regioselectivity of Topochemical Polymerization through Cocrystallization of the Monomer with an Inert Isostere
Authors: Hema Kuntrapakam , Raju Cijil , Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: August 2022

Regiochemistry of topochemical reactions depends on the crystal packing and biasing the regiochemistry necessitates precise crystal engineering. The pristine crystals of monomer1upon topochemical azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction give a 1 : 1 blend of 1,4‐ and 1,5‐triazole‐linked polymers due to the presence of two self‐sorted reactive conformers in the crystal. We designed a binary isomorphous cocrystal of monomer1and a structurally similar dummy molecule2to limit the number of reactive conformers of1to one and thus to get one type of polymer. Equimolar solution of1and2in chloroform‐acetone mixture gave two 1 : 1 cocrystalsCo‐IandCo‐II. TheCo‐II, a chloroform adduct, on heating undergoes desolvation and polymorphic transition toCo‐I.Co‐Iis isomorphic to1and2and possess self‐sorted arrays of1and2. HeatingCo‐Iresults in the TAAC polymerization giving 1,4‐triazolyl‐linked polymer of1selectively, showing the power of crystal engineering in regiocontrol.
Emerging Strategies for Gel Polymer Electrolytes with Improved Dual‐Electrode Side Regulation Mechanisms for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cui Yingyue , Li Jin , Yuan Xuedi , Liu Jiaxin , Zhang Haitao , Wu Hui , Cai Yingjun
Published: August 2022

Although GPE still has the risk of shuttling due to the incomplete removal of liquid electrolytes compared to SPE, which has the most promise of eliminating polysulfide shuttling, researchers have made abundant efforts to eliminate as much of the polysulfide shuttling effect as possible while retaining the unique advantages of GPE. For example, physical barrier to polysulfides by improving the pore size of GPE or fabricating multidimensional structures by different preparation methods. Further chemical adsorption of polysulfides by adding nanofillers to increase polar sites to create polar‐polar interactions with polysulfides or to create Lewis acid‐base interactions. However, although chemical adsorption can indeed highly immobilize polysulfides, it still brings disadvantages such as loss of active material. Therefore, other researchers have employed GPE with ion‐selective permeability that has electrostatic repulsive force or steric hindrance to polysulfides to better inhibit polysulfide shuttling. However, modifying only the cathode side is not enough to enhance this overall properties of Li−S cells. These problems of poor Li+ transport, lithium dendrite growth, and poor SEI due to uneven lithium ion deposit on Li anode side still affect the overall performance of Li−S cells. Therefore, a GPE to improve these problems on the Li anode side is summarized below. Compared with an all‐solid electrolyte, GPE, which has a partially liquid electrolyte, clearly has advantages such as strong interfacial contact, good anode interface compatibility, and high flexibility. However, it is still not comparable to the ionic conductivity, etc. of pure liquid electrolyte only. Therefore, the problems on the lithium metal anode side are mainly focused on the lithium ion transport problems and the problems of lithium dendrite growth and inhomogeneous SEI at the lithium anode interface. Facing the problems in these two aspects, researchers have given many improvement solutions respectively. For the lithium ion transport problem, researchers have instead provided pathways for lithium ion transport by adding amorphous nanofibers or nanofillers to reduce the crystallinity of the polymer and improve the ionic conductivity. Alternatively, the migration number of lithium ions can be increased by limiting the anions in the electrolyte. As for the interfacial problems of lithium anodes, researchers have effectively suppressed the growth of lithium dendrites or inhomogeneous lithium plating/stripping phenomena mainly by adding nanofillers to increase the mechanical strength of GPE or by participating in the generation of SEI.
Substantive changes in the Latin anatomical nomenclature: Sometimes less is more
Authors: Neumann Paul E.
Published: August 2022

Substantivation, the use of an adjective or participle as a noun, is commonly used informally to shorten Latin anatomical terms. Dozens of substantives also appear in the international standard anatomical terminology. Most of these are venerable and familiar as nouns in Latin anatomical terms. Examples of Latin nouns derived directly or indirectly from Greek and Latin adjectives and participles are presented here. Although neologisms are said to enrich languages, careful consideration is required before adding to a technical vocabulary. Terms consisting of a substantive or displaying a substantive as the head noun may be vague to learners and nonspecialists.
Quality of integrated female oncofertility care is suboptimal: A patient‐reported measurement
Authors: van den Berg Michelle , Kaal Suzanne E. J. , Schuurman Teska N. , Braat Didi D. M. , Mandigers Caroline M. P. W. , Tol Jolien , Tromp Jacqueline M. , van der Vorst Maurice J. D. L. , Beerendonk Catharina C. M. , Hermens Rosella P. M. G.
Published: August 2022

Background

Clinical practice guidelines recommend to inform female cancer patients about their infertility risks due to cancer treatment. Unfortunately, it seems that guideline adherence is suboptimal. In order to improve quality of integrated female oncofertility care, a systematic assessment of current practice is necessary.

Methods

A multicenter cross‐sectional survey study in which a set of systematically developed quality indicators was processed, was conducted among female cancer patients (diagnosed in 2016/2017). These indicators represented all domains in oncofertility care; risk communication, referral, counseling, and decision‐making. Indicator scores were calculated, and determinants were assessed by multilevel multivariate analyses.

Results

One hundred twenty‐one out of 344 female cancer patients participated. Eight out of 11 indicators scored below 90% adherence. Of all patients, 72.7% was informed about their infertility, 51.2% was offered a referral, with 18.8% all aspects were discussed in counseling, and 35.5% received written and/or digital information. Patient's age, strength of wish to conceive, time before cancer treatment, and type of healthcare provider significantly influenced the scores of three indicators.

Conclusions

Current quality of female oncofertility care is far from optimal. Therefore, improvement is needed. To achieve this, improvement strategies that are tailored to the identified determinants and to guideline‐specific barriers should be developed.
Assessment of Correlation Analysis, Phytochemical Profile, and Biological Activities of EndemicScorzoneraSpecies from Turkey
Authors: Sarıaltın Sezen Yılmaz , Acıkara Özlem Bahadır
Published: August 2022

Scorzoneraspecies belong to the Asteraceae family comprising more than 25000 species. The present study aimed to examine the phytochemical profiles and biological activities ofS. sandrasicaHartvig et Strid,S. coriaceaA. Duran&Aksoy, andS. ahmet‐duraniiMakbul&Coskuncelebi which are endemic species to Turkey. Flavonoids such as hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, isoorientin, orientin, 7‐O‐methyl isoorientin, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐glycoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐glucoside, vitexin, isovitexin as well as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives including chlorogenic acid, 4,5‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 1,5‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were analyzed to clarify phytochemical content of the extracts. Aerial parts of the investigated extracts were determined as contain flavonoids in high amounts. Chlorogenic acid and its derivatives were detected in all investigated species, in varying amounts, both in the roots and aerial parts.S. coriaceaaerial parts contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoids. The strongest inhibitory activities on ABTS and DPPH radicals were also observed withS. coriaceaaerial parts by 8.07±0.28 and 13.94±0.53 μg/ml of IC50values, respectively. Total phenolic contents of the extracts were significantly correlated with DPPH (r=−0.9842, p=0.0004) and ABTS free radical scavenging (r=−0.9870, p=0.0003) and total antioxidant capacity (r=0.8173, p=0.0470), as well as total flavonoid contents (r=0.8820, p=0.0201).S. sandrasicaaerial parts andS. ahmet‐duraniiroots exhibited the greatest red blood cell membrane protection and protein denaturation inhibition, respectively. From the phytochemical point of view, all the selected species were analyzed for the first time.
New Diterpene and Indole Alkaloid Analogs from the Streptomyces malaysiensis SCSIO 41397
Authors: Xie Yuhui , Song Yue , Cong Ziwen , Zhao Kai , Pang Xiaoyan , Liu Yonghong , Huang Xiaolong , Wang Junfeng
Published: August 2022

One new cyclooctatin‐type diterpenoid, 15‐hydroxycyclooctatin (1), and one new indole alkaloid, streptoprenylindole D (3), along with 9 known compounds, were isolated from the Streptomyces malaysiensis SCSIO 41397. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, optical rotation, and by a comparison with data from the literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial (MRSA), antitumor (22Rv1 and PC‐3) and antiviral (HSV‐1/2) activities. According to the analysis of biological gene clusters in the whole genome, we preliminarily locate the gene clusters related to the synthesis of 15‐hydroxycyclooctatin (1).