bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prooxidant action of carazolol in the Fenton‐like reaction
Authors: Kruk Irena , Michalska Teresa , Kładna Aleksandra , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: September 2010

Carazolol [4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐isopropyl‐amino‐propoxy)‐carbazole], a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, is clinically used in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias and angina pectoris. Despite the beneficial effect of the drug, its high dose may contribute to cardiotoxicity. This study was conducted to examine whether carazolol can influence hydroxyl radical formation by a Fenton‐like reaction [Co(II) + H2O2 + HO‐] in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The oxygen free radicals and singlet oxygen (1O2) formation was traced by three different assay methods: chemiluminescence (CL), an electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidine and 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide, and spectrophotometric determination of 1O2 based on bleaching of p‐nitrosodimethylaniline. The effect of hydroxyl radical inhibitors and 1O2 quenchers on peroxidation of carazolol was also examined. The results indicated that carazolol enhanced the HO radical and 1O2 formation in a Fenton‐like reaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbohydrate metabolic pathway genes associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for obesity and type 2 diabetes: Identification by data mining
Authors: Varma Vijayalakshmi , Wise Carolyn , Kaput Jim
Published: September 2010

Increasing consumption of refined carbohydrates is now being recognized as a primary contributor to the development of nutritionally related chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A data mining approach was used to evaluate the role of carbohydrate metabolic pathway genes in the development of obesity and T2DM. Data from public databases were used to map the position of the carbohydrate metabolic pathway genes to known quantitative trait loci (QTL) for obesity and T2DM and for examining the pathway genes for the presence of sequence and structural genetic variants such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNS), respectively. The results demonstrated that a majority of the genes of the carbohydrate metabolic pathways are associated with QTL for obesity and many for T2DM. In addition, some key genes of the pathways also encode non‐synonymous SNPs that exhibit significant differences in population frequencies. This study emphasizes the significance of the metabolic pathways genes in the development of disease phenotypes, its differential occurrence across populations and between individuals, and a strategy for interpreting an individuals' risk for disease.
Hepatoprotective effect of oleuropein in mice: Mechanisms uncovered by gene expression profiling
Authors: Kim Yunjung , Choi Youngshim , Park Taesun
Published: September 2010

Oleuropein, an active constituent of olive leaf, has a variety of pharmacological activities associated with its capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Oleuropein is also reported to have protective effects against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in vivo. In this study, gene expression profiling of hepatic tissues was examined, and transcription factors (TFs) with target genes that were modulated by oleuropein were identified to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms for the hepatoprotective action of this compound. C57BL/6N mice were fed either a high‐fat diet (HFD) or 0.03% oleuropein‐supplemented HFD for 10 weeks, after which their livers were subjected to oligo DNA microarray analysis. The oleuropein with which the HFD was supplemented reduced the hepatic mRNA level of the genes that encoded the key regulators of the hepatic fatty acid uptake and transport. In addition, the oleuropein reduced the expression of a number of hepatic genes involved in the oxidative stress responses and detoxification of lipid peroxidation products and proinflammatory cytokine genes. The (putative) candidate TFs that bound to the promoters of the genes regulated at least threefold (both up and down) by oleuropein were implicated in the lipogenesis, inflammation, insulin resistance, fibrosis, and cell proliferation and differentiation, which implies that the mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of oleuropein on NAFLD may be multifactorial.
Large scale purification of linear plasmid DNA for efficient high throughput cloning
Authors: Noirclerc‐Savoye Marjolaine , Gallet Benoit , Bernaudat Florent , Vernet Thierry
Published: September 2010

In this report we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient method for large‐scale purification of linear plasmid DNA to answer demand from high‐throughput gene cloning. The process is based on the separation of the linear vector from small DNA fragments by anion exchange chromatography. Gene cloning experiments by restriction/ligation or the In‐Fusion(tm) technique confirmed the high quality of the linearized vector as 100% of the genes were successfully cloned.
Photochemical Studies in Flash Photolysis IV. Intensity and Wavelength Effects
Authors: Shilman A. , Marcus R. A.
Published: September 2010

Wavelength and intensity effects which we have observed in the flash photolysis of acetone are reviewed. Marked nonmonotonic wavelength effects occurred in the different regions investigated (260, 280 and 300 mμ) and serve to emphasize the problem of interpreting any data obtained with unfiltered light. The data at 300 mμ were compared with those obtained with continuous light sources 106 fold less intense. A considerable difference occurred in the C2H6/CO ratio. To investigate this intensity effect, flash photolyses were made over a wide range of reduced intensities, as low as 104 fold less than the maximum one, and the transition intensity region for change in C2H6/CO ratio and CO quantum yield was located. This phenomenon illustrates the more general fact that the apparent primary processes observed at typical flash intensities need not be the same as the primary processes found at low intensities.
Photochemical Processes in the Ionosphere Induced by Solar Proton Bombardment
Authors: Herzberg Luise
Published: September 2010

Certain ionospheric disturbances produced mainly by solar protons show characteristic diurnal variations which indicate that photochemical processes play a role in these events. For the interpretation of the observed effects, several mechanisms, involving various negative ions as well as nitric oxide, have been suggested. These mechanisms and their limitations will be discussed.
Primary Processes in the Photochemical Decomposition of Nitroalkanes
Authors: Rebbert R. E. , Slagg N.
Published: September 2010

Nitromethane and nitroethane have been photolyzed in the liquid and gaseous phases in order to distinguish the various possible primary processes occurring for each compound.

In the case of nitromethane, a free radical split has been postulated to account for the products as

For nitroethane, there are at least two primary processes occurring, namely

Various secondary reactions are discussed for both compounds.
The Three Body Recombination of Chlorine Atoms
Authors: Chiltz G. , Eckling R. , Goldfinger P. , Huynrechts G. , Martens G. , Simoens G.
Published: September 2010

La constante cinétique de recombinaison des atomes de chlore avec des molécules Cl2 comme troisième corps a été mesurée en étudiant l'addition du chlore à l'oxyde de carbone dans un intervalle de température compris entre 500 et 600°K. Les valeurs trouvées pour log krec sont 9.9 ± 0.5, 9.85±0.5, 9.70±0.5 en I2 mǒle–2 sec–1 respectivement à 502.4, 552.3 et 598.9°K. L'efficacité du tétrachlorure de carbone comme troisième corps est environ 6.5 fois plus grande que celle de Cl2, alors que SF6 et A n'ont pas d'efficacité mesurable avec cette méthode dont la sensibilité est limitée.
The Competitive Chlorination of Propane and Olefins
Authors: Hagopian A. K. E. , Knox J. H. , Thompson E. A.
Published: September 2010

By chlorinating mixtures of propane and olefins (ethylene, propene and isobutene) we have shown that there is a strong heterogeneous component in the chlorination of the olefins. The heterogeneous reaction can be somewhat reduced by choosing a suitable reaction vessel surface but cannot be completely eliminated. However in favourable cases it can be allowed for and the ratios of the rate constants for chlorine atom attack on propane and olefins can be determined. The absolute rate constants for addition of chlorine atoms to olefins can then be derived using the known value of the rate constant for Cl + C3H8 = C3H7 + HCl.
Réactions Photochimiques D'Oxydo‐Réduction de Composés de Coordination et Influence des Alcools
Authors: Balzani V. , Bertoluzza A. , Carassiti V.
Published: September 2010

Nous avons étudié la photoréduction des octacyanures complexes de Mo et de W du type M(CN)38 en solution aqueuse. Le rendement quantique de ces réactions est plus grand que l'unité dans toutes les conditions expérimentales utilisées. Ceci a été interprété par un mécanisme en chaîne comprenant la réaction de molécules photoexcitées avec le solvant et la formation de radicaux OH.

Nous avons également étudié, de façon systématique et quantitative, la photoréduction de Mo (CN)38 et W(CN)38 à 3650 Å dans des milieux hydroalcooliques (alcool méthylique, éthylique, isopropylique) de concentrations différentes. La présence de l'alcool conduit dans chaque cas à une diminution de rendement quantique dont la valeur demeure cependant plus grande que l'unité (4,4–3, 2 pour Mo (CN)38; ‐ 1,6 ‐ 1,3 pour W(CN)38).

D'autre part l'alcool augmente fortement la vitesse de la photoréduction de Ag(dipyridyle)2+2, que nous avons examinée à 3650 et à 4047 A.

Dans le cas des octacyanures l'action de l'alcool consiste en un ralentissement des réactions secondaires qui suivent la réaction primaire, et sa nature est fondamentalement physique; dans l'autre cas (Ag(II)) il s'agit d'une action chimique sur la structure du complexe et l'on superpose une réaction de réduction thermique très rapide à la réaction photochimique.

On peut discuter un mécanisme de cette action de structure, la nature de la liaison Ag‐dipyridyle et l'interaction complexe‐alcool en termes d'orbitales de symétrie.
Sur le Nombre de Centres de Sensibilité des Cristaux Tabulaires au Bromure D'Argent Soumis a des Irradiations Plus ou Moins Importantes
Authors: Danguy G.
Published: September 2010

Des microcristaux tabulaires peuvent être obtenus par une maturation physique suffisamment longue d'une émulsion au bromure d'argent non ammoniacal. On a examiné, entre autres choses, le nombre et la répartition des centres de sensibilité créés par l'action de la lumière sur de tels cristaux.

Pour des microcristaux de 40 à 50 μ de dimension moyenne, le nombre des centres de sensibilité varie très largement avec l'importance de l'exposition lumineuse. Pour une exposition très faible, il existe, par grain, 1 ou 2 centres de sensibilité situés indifféremment à l'intérieur, en bordure ou en un sommet du grain; à partir de ces centres, le développement se propage dans tout le volume du grain, suivant des lignes radiales en nombre considérable mais limité, avec une vitesse pratiquement indépendante de la direction.

Une exposition importante crée dans le cristal un très grand nombre de centres de sensibilité, répartis aléatoirement dans tout le volume; contrairement au cas précédent, la développabilité de ces centres est peu importante. Les grains d'image développée situés en bordure du microcristal sont plus difficilement oxydables que ceux correspondant au volume intérieur. Les arêtes des grains se montrent de même le lieu préférentiel d'apparition de l'argent photolytique.
Simple Conjugated Polymers with On‐Chain Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes: Toward Ratiometric Chemodosimeters for Detecting Trace Amounts of Mercury(II)
Authors: Shi Hui‐Fang , Liu Shu‐Juan , Sun Hui‐Bin , Xu Wen‐Juan , An Zhong‐Fu , Chen Jian , Sun Shi , Lu Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei
Published: September 2010

For the development of excellent optical probes for mercury(II), a series of simple conjugated polymers that contain phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes as receptors for mercury(II) were designed and synthesized. These conjugated polymers showed energy transfer from the polymer host to iridium(III) complex guest in both solution and the solid state. Unexpectedly, they can work as excellent polymer chemodosimeters for mercury(II) by utilizing the mercury(II)‐induced decomposition of iridium(III) complex. They exhibit a pronounced optical signal change with switchable phosphorescence and fluorescence, even when the concentration of a solution of mercury(II) in THF was as low as 0.5 ppb. With the addition of mercury(II), the phosphorescent emission intensity of iridium(III) complexes was quenched completely. As the emission from polymer backbones increased, the emission wavelength was redshifted simultaneously, thereby realizing ratiometric detection. Excellent selectivity toward mercury(II) over other potentially interfering cations was also realized. In addition, an obvious emission color change of polymer solution from red to yellow‐green was observed, thus realizing a “naked‐eye” detection of mercury(II). More importantly, the solid films of these polymer chemodosimeters also exhibited high sensitivity and rapid response to mercury(II), thereby demonstrating the possibility of the fabrication of sensing devices with fast and convenient detection of mercury(II). The sensing mechanism was also investigated in detail. This is the first report on chemodosimeters based on conjugated polymers with phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterisation of Alternating Tripyridyl–Dipyrrole Molecular Strands with Multiple Nitrogen‐Based Donor–Acceptor Binding Sites
Authors: Tabatchnik‐Rebillon Alexandra , Aubé Christophe , Bakkali Hicham , Delaunay Thierry , Manh Gabriel Thia , Blot Virginie , Thobie‐Gautier Christine , Renault Eric , Soulard Marine , Planchat Aurélien , Le Questel Jean‐Yves , Le Guével Rémy , Guguen‐Guillouzo Christiane , Kauffmann Brice , Ferrand Yann , Huc Ivan , Urgin Karène , Condon Sylvie , Léonel Eric , Evain Michel , Lebreton Jacques , Jacquemin Denis , Pipelier Muriel , Dubreuil Didier
Published: September 2010

Synthesis of alternating pyridine–pyrrole molecular strands composed of two electron‐rich pyrrole units (donors) sandwiched between three pyridinic cores (acceptors) is described. The envisioned strategy was a smooth electrosynthesis process involving ring contraction of corresponding tripyridyl–dipyridazine precursors. 2,6‐Bis[6‐(pyridazin‐3‐yl)]pyridine ligands 2 a–c bearing pyridine residues at the terminal positions were prepared in suitable quantities by a Negishi metal cross‐coupling procedure. The yields of heterocyclic coupling between 2‐pyridyl zinc bromide reagents 12 a–c and 2,6‐bis(6‐trifluoromethanesulfonylpyridazin‐3‐yl)pyridine increased from 68 to 95 % following introduction of electron‐donating methyl groups on the metallated halogenopyridine units. Favorable conditions for preparative electrochemical reduction of tripyridyl–dipyridazines 2 b,c were established in THF/acetate buffer (pH 4.6)/acetonitrile to give the targeted 2,6‐bis[5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyrrol‐2‐yl]pyridines 1 b and 1 c in good yields. The absorption behavior of the donor–acceptor tripyridyl–dipyrrole ligands was evaluated and compared to theoretical calculations. Highly fluorescent properties of these chromophores were found (νem≈2×104 cm−1 in MeOH and CH2Cl2), and both pyrrolic ligands exhibit a remarkable quantum yield in CH2Cl2 (ϕf=0.10). Structural studies in the solid state established the preferred cis conformation of the dipyrrolic ligands, which adopting a planar arrangement with an embedded molecule of water having a complexation energy exceeding 10 kcal mol−1. The ability of the tripyridyl–dipyrrole to complex two copper(II) ions in a pentacoordinate square was investigated.
Controlled Dispersion and Purification of Protein–Carbon Nanotube Conjugates Using Guanidine Hydrochloride
Authors: Hirano Atsushi , Maeda Yutaka , Yuan Xiaofei , Ueki Ryuuichi , Miyazawa Yosuke , Fujita Jun‐ichi , Akasaka Takeshi , Shiraki Kentaro
Published: September 2010

For the development of biofunctional carbon nanotubes for biosensors, drug carriers, and nanobiocatalysts, their aggregation and biofouling in aqueous solutions are crucial problems because this behavior leads to a reduction of their excellent optical and electrical properties and nanoscale size effects. This paper presents a new method for enhancing the dispersibility of protein–carbon nanotube conjugates and for exfoliating the protein from the carbon nanotube sidewalls through controlling the concentration of guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn⋅HCl) in the solution. In medium concentrations (2–3 M) of Gdn⋅HCl, the dispersibility of protein–carbon nanotube conjugates was found to be substantially increased without denaturation or aggregation of the proteins. At higher concentrations (>6 M) of Gdn⋅HCl, pristine carbon nanotubes were precipitated instantly as a result of dissociation of the protein. These phenomena indicate that Gdn⋅HCl functions not only as a dispersion adjuvant for biofunctional protein–carbon nanotube conjugates, but also as a cleaning agent for the purification of biofouled carbon nanotubes. The dissociation concentrations of Gdn⋅HCl were higher than the midpoint of protein denaturation, suggesting that protein adsorption on carbon nanotubes is more stable than protein folding toward Gdn⋅HCl.
A Versatile Iron‐Catalyzed Protocol for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Isoxazoles or Isoxazolines from the Same Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Debleds Olivier , Gayon Eric , Ostaszuk Emilie , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: September 2010

The use N‐sulfonyl‐protected hydroxylamines as bi‐nucleophiles in iron‐catalyzed propargylic substitutions allows the selective one‐pot synthesis of four classes of substituted isoxazoles or isoxazolines from the same propargylic alcohols (21 examples) by simply tuning the nature of the base. By using an iron(III) catalyst and a base such as triethylamine (3 equiv), isoxazoles 3 are obtained in good isolated yields (56–95%), whereas N‐sulfonyl‐protected isoxazolines 6 are selectively obtained (77–93% yield) by using iron and gold catalysts in the presence of a catalytic amount of pyridine (10 mol%).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Phases Hg5CIII2X8 (CIII: Ga, In; X: Se, Te).
Authors: Kozer V. R. , Fedorchuk A. O. , Olekseyuk I. D. , Parasyuk O. V.
Published: September 2010

The crystal structure of Hg5Ga2Se8, Hg5In2Se8, Hg5Ga2Te8, and Hg5In2Te8 is determined by powder XRD of alloys annealed at 500 K for 500 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic, Optical and Moessbauer Properties of Na2FeSn(PO4)3.
Authors: El Bouari A. , El Jazouli A. , Benmokhtar S. , Gravereau P. , Wattiaux A.
Published: September 2010

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Na2CO3, (NH4)2HPO4, Fe2O3, and SnO2 (200, 600, and 950 °C, 48 h) and characterized by powder XRD, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and Moessbauer spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenakite‐Type BeP2N4 — A Possible Precursor for a New Hard Spinel‐Type Material.
Authors: Pucher Florian J. , Roemer S. Rebecca , Karau Friedrich W. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: September 2010

BeP2N4 is synthesized from Be3N2 and P3N5 (multi‐anvil apparatus, 1500 °C, 5 GPa).
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Oxoborate with Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra Synthesized under Ambient Pressure.
Authors: Jin Shifeng , Cai Gemei , Wang Wanyan , He Meng , Wang Shunchong , Chen Xiaolong
Published: September 2010

KZnB3O6 is synthesized under ambient pressure from a stoichiometric mixture of K2CO3, ZnO, and H3BO3 (500 °C for 12 h and annealing at 750 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Na5GaGe2: A New Intermetallic Compound with an Isolated Linear Anion of GaGe25‐.
Authors: Park Dong Gon , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: September 2010

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared in molten Na from mixtures of NaN3, Na, Sr, Ge, Ga, and Li (Na:Sr:Ge:Ga:Li = 13:0.5:1:1:0.5; 760 °C, 48 h) Na5GaGe2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m with Z = 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Desymmetrization of meso‐1,2‐Diols via the Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Its Monodichloroacetates.
Authors: Cao Jin‐Li , Qu Jin
Published: September 2010

Esterification of the monodichloroacetates (I) in the presence of the amino ester (HIS) allows an efficient access to enantiomerically enriched 1,2‐diesters which can be deprotected selectively without significant racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminolytic Kinetic Resolution of trans Epoxides for the Simultaneous Production of Chiral trans β‐Amino Alcohols in the Presence of Chiral Cr(III) Salen Complex Using an Ionic Liquid as a Green Reaction Media.
Authors: Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Kumar Manish , Agrawal Santosh , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: September 2010

The title aminolytic kinetic resolution provides access towards β‐amino alcohols (III), (V) and (VII) in up to < 99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Malonates to β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters Catalyzed by Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide‐Yttrium(III) Complexes with Convenient Procedure.
Authors: Zhou Lin , Lin Lili , Wang Wentao , Ji Jie , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: September 2010

The procedure described is easily scaled‐up to gram scales, affords the corresponding products in excellent yields and enantiomeric excess and is not affected by atmospheric oxygen and moisture.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidation of Urazole and 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions by Nitro Urea, Derived from Urea Nitrate, and Silica Sulfuric Acid.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Zolfigol Mohammad A. , Hajjami Maryam , Rastgoo Shahrbanoo , Mallakpour Shadpour
Published: September 2010

Advantages of the title procedure are the non‐toxic and mild conditions and the easy and clean work‐up of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds Using N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid.
Authors: Zhu Chenjie , Ji Lei , Zhang Qian , Wei Yunyang
Published: September 2010

A novel and mild catalytic oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Recoverable Palladium Nanocatalyst for Chemoselective Olefin Hydrogenation.
Authors: Kim Yunwoong , Kim Mahn‐Joo
Published: September 2010

Pd nanoparticles on Fe3O4 are shown to be active and chemoselective catalysts for the hydrogenation of olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminodifluorosulfinium Salts: Selective Fluorination Reagents with Enhanced Thermal Stability and Ease of Handling.
Authors: L'Heureux Alexandre , Beaulieu Francis , Bennett Christopher , Bill David R. , Clayton Simon , LaFlamme Francois , Mirmehrabi Mahmoud , Tadayon Sam , Tovell David , Couturier Michel
Published: September 2010

The title salts are more stable and more easily handled than DAST and Deoxo‐Fluor and can be prepared in a safer and more cost‐effective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of ortho‐Functionalized Haloarenes with Sodium Azides as the Amino Source.
Authors: Zhao Haibo , Fu Hua , Qiao Renzhong
Published: September 2010

The method provides a mild and convenient approach to 2‐aminobenzoic acids, 2‐aminobenzamides, and N‐(2‐aminophenyl)amides which can smoothly be converted into benzoxazinones, quinazolinones, and benzimidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient N‐Formylation of Amines in Dimethylformamide with Methyl Benzoate under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Yang Dongsik , Jeon Heung Bae
Published: September 2010

Primary and secondary amines are formylated by DMF using methyl benzoate as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Lactams and Lactones with Alkyl Halides and Epoxides Catalyzed by Hydroxysulfides.
Authors: Suarez del Villar Irene , Gradillas Ana , Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier
Published: September 2010

Morita—Baylis—Hillman reaction of lactam (I) and lactones (VI) with a variety of alkyl halides (II) and epoxides (IV) proceeds smoothly in the presence of a chiral hydroxy sulfide under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Carbon—Carbon Bond Formations Between Allylboronates and Acetals or Ketals Catalyzed by a Peculiar Indium(I) Lewis Acid.
Authors: Schneider Uwe , Dao Hai T. , Kobayashi Shu
Published: September 2010

The use of indium(I) triflate represents the first main group metal‐catalyzed activation of allylboronates for the allylation of the title noncarbonyls.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐5‐aminopenta‐2,4‐dienals via Base‐Induced Ring‐Opening of N‐Acylated Furfurylamines: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Ouairy Cecile , Michel Patrick , Delpech Bernard , Crich David , Marazano Christian
Published: September 2010

Steric and electronic effects have strong influence on the success.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Mannich‐Type Reaction with β‐Phenyl Sulfonyl Acetonitrile.
Authors: Gonzalez Pedro B. , Lopez Rosa , Palomo Claudio
Published: September 2010

Two convenient methods to prepare enantioenriched α‐unsubstituted β‐amino nitriles are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Diels—Alder Cycloadditions Between Benzylideneacetones and 1,3‐Butadienes: Application to the Synthesis of (R,R)‐(—)‐ and (S,S)‐(+)‐Δ8‐Tetrahydrocannabinol.
Authors: Ballerini Eleonora , Minuti Lucio , Piermatti Oriana
Published: September 2010

Lewis acid catalyzed addition of butadienes to benzylideneacetones at high pressure allows an efficient access to arylated cyclohexenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Double Bond Migration of Allylbenzenes Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2—HFIP System with Unique Substituent Effect.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Kamimura Ryuichiro , Shono Kimihiro , Kawakami Toshihiko , Nakayama Katsuhisa , Nishino Kohei , Nakayama Takayuki , Takahashi Keisuke , Nakamura Aki , Hosokawa Takahiro
Published: September 2010

The system promotes the double bond isomerization under mild conditions and generally within a short time to give the (E) isomers nearly exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds Using Sodium Borohydride—Amberlyst 15.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Mahdavi Nastaran
Published: September 2010

The title reaction can also be carried out in THF at 25 °C with comparable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino‐Functionalized Sulfonimidamides and Their Application in the Enantioselective Henry Reaction.
Authors: Steurer Marianne , Bolm Carsten
Published: September 2010

The catalysts, generated from CuCl and SIM or ESI, promote the addition of nitromethane to aromatic aldehydes yielding (R)‐ and (S)‐nitro alcohols with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: DMAP‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Ethyl Cyanoformate.
Authors: Aoki Shohei , Kotani Shunsuke , Sugiura Masaharu , Nakajima Makoto
Published: September 2010

It is successfully demonstrated that DMAP serves a nucleophilic catalyst for the cyanation of aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Primary Amine/(+)‐CSA Salt‐Promoted Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Nitro Esters to Enones.
Authors: Liu Chen , Lu Yixin
Published: September 2010

The combination of CSA and cinchonidine results in an effective organic catalyst for efficient activation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones via iminium intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Hydrolysis of Ester Bonds in the Presence of Baker′s Yeast.
Authors: Bialecka‐Florjanczyk Ewa , Majewska Ewa
Published: September 2010

In the presence of baker′s yeast, only hydrolysis of aliphatic esters of phenols or aliphatic alcohols is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: A Very Active Cu‐Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Aryl, Heteroaryl, and Vinyl Sulfides.
Authors: Kabir M. Shahjahan , Lorenz Michael , Van Linn Michael L. , Namjoshi Ojas A. , Ara Shamim , Cook James M.
Published: September 2010

The complex generated from CuI and cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol is highly efficient for the coupling of various thiols with vinyl, aryl, and heteroaryl iodides and bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient, Green, Rapid, and Chemoselective Oxidation of Sulfides Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Boric Acid as the Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Rostami Amin , Akradi Jamal
Published: September 2010

Sulfides possessing functional groups like alcohol, aldehyde and ester are selectively oxidized to sulfoxides or sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted N‐Hydroxyureas via the in situ Generation of t‐Butoxy Isocyanate.
Authors: Krause Josef G. , Leskiw Brian D. , Emery Michelle L. , McGahan Megan E. , McCourt Mary P. , Priefer Ronny
Published: September 2010

The attempt to prepare hydrazine products starting from carbamate (I) and amines yields N‐substituted ureas instead.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Process to Spirooxindoles: Ligand Effect on Aminopalladation versus Carbopalladation.
Authors: Jaegli Stephanie , Erb William , Retailleau Pascal , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: September 2010

A novel Pd‐catalyzed domino spirocyclization process is presented furnishing biologically relevant spiropyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindoles in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium(IV)‐ and Hafnium(IV)‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of Homoallylic and Bishomoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Li Zhi , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: September 2010

The hafnium catalytic system bearing a chiral bishydroxamic acid ligand in general exhibits better results in terms of reactivity and enantioselectivity than the analogous zirconium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodehydration of Fluorinated Diols Using the Mitsunobu Reaction: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Cyclic Ethers.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Do Clement , Wang Fang , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: September 2010

The title reaction of the diastereomerically pure diol (VII) affords the corresponding oxirane (VIII) with complete inversion of configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation and Pyrrole Synthesis via the [3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of O‐Vinyl Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Wang Heng‐Yen , Mueller Daniel S. , Sachwani Rachna M. , Londino Hannah N. , Anderson Laura L.
Published: September 2010

The isomerization of O‐allyl oximes to O‐vinyl oximes and the conversion of the latter to pyrroles are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones: A Stereoselective Route to trans‐2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Lemen Georgia S. , Wolfe John P.
Published: September 2010

Title reaction of homoallyloxazolidinones, e.g. (I) and (IV), with aryl bromides provides access towards pyrrolidino‐fused oxazolidinones like (III) and (VI) in excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Coupling of Azoles with 2‐ and 3‐Haloindoles Providing Access to Novel 2‐ or 3‐(Azol‐1‐yl)indole Derivatives.
Authors: Poirier Martin , Goudreau Sebastien , Poulin Jason , Savoie Jolaine , Beaulieu Pierre L.
Published: September 2010

A range of 2‐haloindole derivatives couples smoothly towards the nitrogen of various heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed Vinylation of Imidazoles with Vinyl Halides under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy V. Prakash , Kumar A. Vijay , Rao K. Rama
Published: September 2010

The recyclable catalyst can be used for the cross‐coupling of imidazoles with trans‐β‐halostyrenes under ligand‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild, Convenient and Versatile Cu‐Mediated Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐imidazolidinones.
Authors: Stabile Paolo , Lamonica Alessandro , Ribecai Arianna , Castoldi Damiano , Guercio Giuseppe , Curcuruto Ornella
Published: September 2010

Optimized conditions are developed for the mono N‐arylation of unprotected 2‐imidazolidinone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Unsymmetric Bisbenzimidazoles.
Authors: Mao Zhengzhou , Wang Zhaoyang , Mei Wenjie , Yang Kai
Published: September 2010

Assets and drawbacks of one‐ and two‐step strategy are discussed together with the influence of substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of α‐Isocyanoacetamides to Aldehydes.
Authors: Zeng Xiaofei , Ye Kehan , Lu Min , Chua Pei Juan , Tan Bin , Zhong Guofu
Published: September 2010

A highly enantioselective addition of α‐isocyanoacetamides (I) and (IV) towards aliphatic aldehydes (II) is presented, involving a chiral octahydro‐BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid bearing bulky groups at 3,3′‐position (SIBIPHOS) as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Protonation of Chiral Calcium Enolates via 1,4‐Addition of Malonates.
Authors: Poisson Thomas , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shu
Published: September 2010

The reaction conditions are optimized with respect to malonate ester, calcium alkoxide, chiral ligand, type of alcohol additive and phenol, solvent, and reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Melamine Trisulfonic Acid as a New, Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Chemoselective Oxathioacetalization of Aldehydes.
Authors: Shirini F. , Albadi J.
Published: September 2010

Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) is found to be an efficient and reusable catalyst for the chemoselective oxathioacetalization of aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, One‐Pot, Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Diaryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles Using Click Chemistry.
Authors: Kumar Dalip , Reddy Vaddula Buchi
Published: September 2010

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of aryl azides, generated in situ, with terminal alkynes affords the synthetically important triazole products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Bisnitrofurazanofuroxan.
Authors: Lim Choong Hwan , Kim Tae Keun , Kim Kyung Ho , Chung Kyoo‐Hyun , Kim Jin Seuk
Published: September 2010

The title compound (V) shows good performance as explosive.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Dependent Cascade Synthesis of Novel Pyrano[3,2‐c]coumarin Derivatives from Baylis—Hillman Bromide.
Authors: Ge Shao‐Qin , Yang Xi , Wu Bin , Xia Min
Published: September 2010

The title reaction only proceeds in the presence of excess DABCO.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent, Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 12‐Aryl‐8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]‐xanthen‐11‐one Derivatives Catalyzed by Cyanuric Chloride
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Hui , Zhang Peng , Yang Shu‐Hong , Wang Hong‐Juan , Deng Jia
Published: September 2010

22 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate: An Efficient Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,2,4‐Trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinolines
Authors: Durgadas Shylaprasad , Chatare Vijay K. , Mukkanti Khagga , Pal Sarbani
Published: September 2010

from substituted anilines and acetone via a modified Skraup reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Relay Catalysis in the Three‐Component Reaction for Direct Construction of Structurally Complex Heterocycles.
Authors: Wang Chao , Han Zhi‐Yong , Luo Hong‐Wen , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: September 2010

The three‐component cascade reaction, consisting of an enantioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid and a subsequent catalytic intramolecular hydroamination by gold(I) complex, provides a method to access structurally diverse julolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of Potent, Highly Constrained CGRP Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Stump Craig A. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2010

A novel series of potent CGRP receptor antagonists containing a central quinoline ring constraint is identified.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Benzosultine‐Sulfone as a o‐Xylylene Precursor via Cross‐Enyne Metathesis and Rongalite: Further Expansion to Polycyclics via Regioselective Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chavan Arjun S.
Published: September 2010

Heating the benzosultine‐sulfone (XI) results in selective formation of a o‐xylylene intermediate which smoothly reacts with dienophiles to afford cycladducts of type (XIII) and (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Some N‐Acylhydrazone Derivatives of Isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Uensal‐Tan Oya , Oezden Kevser , Rauk Arvi , Balkan Ayla
Published: September 2010

The title derivatives (III) bearing an N‐acylhydrazone moiety at the fifth position are prepared as potential COX‐2 inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Biginelli‐Like Reaction: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[oxindole‐quinazoline/pyrimidine]ones
Authors: Kefayati Hassan , Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Zamani Masoumeh , Hosseyni Sanaz
Published: September 2010

via three‐component cyclocondensation of cyclic or acyclic dicarbonyl compounds, isatin derivatives, and urea derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐f]quinoline Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Tu Shu‐Jiang , Wu Shan‐Shan , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Han Zheng‐Guo , Cao Xu‐Dong , Hao Wen‐Juan
Published: September 2010

An efficient and inexpensive method with simple work‐up is used for the preparation of title compounds, e.g. (IV), which may be used for biomedical screening.
ChemInform Abstract: Staudinger and retro‐Staudinger Reactions. The Dichloro‐β‐lactam Moiety as a Useful Handle for the Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2H‐1,3‐benzothiazine 1,2‐Dioxides.
Authors: Fodor Lajos , Csomos Peter , Csampai Antal , Sohar Pal
Published: September 2010

The title compounds (V), which cannot be obtained by direct oxidation of (I), are prepared using the reversible formation of a dichloro‐β‐lactam moiety as novel protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of New Tacrine Derivatives‐bis‐alkylene Linked 7‐MEOTA.
Authors: Korabecny Jan , Holas Ondrej , Musilek Kamil , Pohanka Miroslav , Opletalova Veronika , Dohnal Vlastimil , Kuca Kamil
Published: September 2010

The novel tacrine derivatives (III) exhibit lower anticholinesterase activity compared to THA.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of Very Potent Inhibitor of Human Aminopeptidase N (CD13).
Authors: Grzywa Renata , Oleksyszyn Jozef , Salvesen Guy S. , Drag Marcin
Published: September 2010

Broad SAR studies of two classes of phosphinate inhibitors result in the identification of compound (I) as a very potent inhibitor of human aminopeptidase N.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Novel Thionaphthoquinone Dyes.
Authors: Sayil Cigdem , Ibis Cemil
Published: September 2010

Novel title compounds are prepared from (I) and various thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific, Biosynthetically Inspired Formal Total Synthesis of (+)‐Liphagal (VII).
Authors: George Jonathan H. , Baldwin Jack E. , Adlington Robert M.
Published: September 2010

Key feature of the title synthesis is a ring expansion of a fused 6,6‐ring system via stereoselective epoxide ring opening and combined recyclization—furan ring closure to build the tetracyclic framework (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Methanolysis of 3β‐Substituted 4,5‐Epoxyandrostanes Catalyzed by Tetracyanoethylene.
Authors: Uyanik Cavit , Malay Aslihan , Sonmez Hayal B. , Queudrue Loic , Hanson James R.
Published: September 2010

The presence of a 3β‐acetoxyl or 3β‐hydroxyl group in the title compounds modifies the structure of the products arising from the methanolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Group Effect on the 1,2‐Dihydrogenation of 19‐Hydroxysteroids: A Highly Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Estrogens.
Authors: Jing Yu , Xu Cheng‐Gong , Ding Kai , Lin Jing‐Rong , Jin Rong‐Hua , Tian Wei‐Sheng
Published: September 2010

The 1,2‐dehydrogenation of 19‐oxandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (I) with DDQ in refluxing dioxane is found to be remarkably dependent on the O‐protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Reaction of a δ‐Hydroxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Aldehyde with Arylamines and 1,3‐Diketones: A Novel Synthesis of Oxa‐Aza Bicycles.
Authors: Reddy Basi V. Subba , Divyavani Ch. , Begum Zubeda , Yadav Jhillu S.
Published: September 2010

Perlin aldehyde (I) reacts with β‐enamino ketones or esters, generated in situ, to produce the desired heterobicycles (IV) with high selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Homoisoflavonoid Derivatives from the Roots of Ophiopogon japonicus and Their in vitro Antiinflammation Activity
Authors: Hung Tran Manh , Cao Van Thu , Nguyen Tien Dat , Ryoo Sung‐Woo , Lee Jeong Hyung , Kim Jin Cheol , Na Minkyun , Jung Hyun‐Ju , Bae KiHwan , Min Byung Sun
Published: September 2010

isolation, structure elucidation and antiinflammatory activities of ophiopogonanone G (I), ophiopogoside A (IIa), and ophiopogoside B (IIb)
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Selaginellin Derivatives from Selaginella pulvinata.
Authors: Cao Yuan , Chen Ji‐Jun , Tan Ning‐Hua , Oberer Lukas , Wagner Trixie , Wu Yong‐Ping , Zeng Guang‐Zhi , Yan He , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2010

Isolation, structure elucidation and antimicrobial activities of three new selaginellin derivatives, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Cell Cycle Disruption and Apoptotic Activity of 3‐Aminothiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole‐2‐carbonitrile and Its Homologues.
Authors: Sarhan Abdelwareth A. O. , Al‐Dhfyan Abdullah , Al‐Mozaini Maha A. , Adra Chaker N. , Aboul‐Fadl Tarek
Published: September 2010

Evaluation of title compounds for their in vitro antiproliferative properties reveals significant potency only in the case of derivative (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Dynamics in Magnetic Semiconductor Nanostructures
Authors: Morgunov R. B. , Dmitriev A. I.
Published: September 2010

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Precipitation Kinetics of the Hardening Phase in Two 6061 Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Aouabdia Youcef , Boubertakh Abdelhamid , Hamamda Smail
Published: September 2010

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Valent Organometallics—Synthesis, Reactivity, and Potential Applications
Authors: Schulz Stephan
Published: September 2010

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocomplexes of Fluoroquinolonecarboxylic Acids
Authors: Lipunova G. N. , Nosova E. V. , Charushin V. N.
Published: September 2010

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Medicinal Chemistry of Vancomycin
Authors: Arimoto Hirokazu
Published: September 2010

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Phase Terpene Total Synthesis: Historical Perspective and Application to the Taxol® Problem
Authors: Ishihara Yoshihiro , Baran Phil S.
Published: September 2010

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiphase Homogeneous Catalysis: Common Procedures and Recent Applications
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Quintavalla Arianna , Chiarucci Michel , Trombini Claudio
Published: September 2010

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Hydrazinophthalazine‐Based Hydrazones and Their Transition Metal Complexes: Structure and Biological Activity
Authors: Kogan V. A. , Levchenkov S. I. , Popov L. D. , Shcherbakov I. A.
Published: September 2010

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward Fully Synthetic, Homogeneous Glycoproteins: Advances in Chemical Ligation
Authors: Yuan Yu , Chen Jin , Wan Qian , Wilson Rebecca M. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: September 2010

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Phosphazane Ligands
Authors: Calera Silvia Gonzalez , Wright Dominic S.
Published: September 2010

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Tri‐ and Pentavalent Amidoesters and Diamides with a Stereogenic Phosphorus Atom in Asymmetric Synthesis. Part 1. Stoichiometric Reagents
Authors: Drabowicz Jozef , Krasowska Dorota , Lopusinski Andrzej , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V.
Published: September 2010

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkenylphosphines
Authors: Julienne D. , Delacroix O. , Gaumont A.‐C.
Published: September 2010

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ketone and Iminium Catalysts for Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Wong O. Andrea , Shi Yian
Published: September 2010

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Pihko Petri M. , Majander Inkeri , Erkkila Anniina
Published: September 2010

Review: 340 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magneto Resistance of Polyacetylene Nanofibers
Authors: Park Yung Woo
Published: September 2010

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentenoic Acid Pathways for Cellulosic Biofuels
Authors: Palkovits Regina
Published: September 2010

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From the Structure and Function of the Ribosome to New Antibiotics (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Steitz Thomas A.
Published: September 2010

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Chemistry of Supported Heteropolyacids and Their Applications as Solid Acids to Industrial Processes
Authors: Kamiya Yuichi , Okuhara Toshio , Misono Makoto , Miyaji Atsuyuki , Tsuji Katsuyuki , Nakajo Tetsuo
Published: September 2010

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unique Mechanistic Transformations Involved in the Biosynthesis of Modular Natural Products from Marine Cyanobacteria
Authors: Jones Adam C. , Monroe Emily A. , Eisman Eli B. , Gerwick Lena , Sherman David H. , Gerwick William H.
Published: September 2010

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Research and Educational Activities Through Perspective of Pharmacognosy
Authors: Ito Michiho
Published: September 2010

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancement of Synchrotron Radiation Protein Crystallography Aimed by the Targeted Protein Research Program: Beamline Developments at the Photon Factory
Authors: Wakatsuki Soichi , Yamada Yusuke , Chavas Leonard M. G. , Igarashi Noriyuki , Kawasaki Masato , Kato Ryuichi , Hiraki Masahiko , Matsugaki Naohiro
Published: September 2010

Review: 10 refs.
Identification and control of a riser‐type FCC unit
Authors: Alaradi Abdul‐Alghasim , Rohani Sohrab
Published: September 2010

This paper addresses the use of feedforward neural networks for the steady‐state and dynamic identification and control of a riser type fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU). The results are compared with a conventional PI controller and a model predictive control (MPC) using a state space subspace identification algorithm. A back propagation algorithm with momentum term and adaptive learning rate is used for training the identification networks. The back propagation algorithm is also used for the neuro‐control of the process. It is shown that for a noise‐free system the adaptive neuro‐controller and the MPC are capable of maintaining the riser temperature, the pressure difference between the reactor vessel and the regenerator, and the catalyst bed level in the reactor vessel, in the presence of set‐point and disturbance changes. The MPC performs better than the neuro controller that in turn is superior to the conventional multi‐loop diagonal PI controller.
Décontamination à l'échelle pilote de sédiments pollués en métaux toxiques par lixiviation chimique et biologique
Authors: Blais Jean‐François , Mercier Guy , Chartier Myriam
Published: September 2010

Des travaux pilotes ont été menés dans le cadre de cette recherche afin de tester différents scénarios de décontamination de sédiments pollués par plusieurs métaux lourds (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb et Zn). Des essais de lixiviation chimique et biologique ont été réalisés en réacteur de 350 L. L'application de lavages acides (pH 2.0–3.0) des sédiments constitue une approche peu efficace pour l'enlèvement des métaux toxiques. L'ajout d'un agent oxydant lors du premier lavage augmente considérablement les rendements d'enlèvement du Pb (53–76 %), Cd (54–92 %) et Zn (69–93 %). Les autres métaux demeurent toutefois difficiles à extraire: Cr (13–30 %), Cu (11–34 %) et Ni (0–16 %). La biolixiviation seule ou en combinaison avec un ou deux lavages chimiques, représente une approche efficace pour l'élimination du Cd (82–100 %), Cu (44–70 %) et Zn (80–87 %). Par contre, cette technique présente peu d'intére̊t pour la réduction des teneurs en Cr (6–16 %), Ni (12–34 %) et Pb (14–33 %). Les métaux solubilisés par lixiviation chimique et/ou biologique peuvent être précipités efficacement lors de la neutralisation des effluents acides par une solution de chaux.