bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberdade, escravidão e travessias pela fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai
Authors: Caê Rachel
Published: August 2020

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O (des)encantamento do feiticeiro: Edison Carneiro e sua contribuição aos estudos afro-brasileiros
Authors: Lima Márcia
Published: August 2020

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Cabras, caboclos, negros e mulatos: escravidão e núcleos familiares no Cariri Cearense (1850-1884)
Authors: Irffi Ana Sara R P Cortez
Published: August 2020

Uma das principais práticas de sociabilidade engendradas pelos escravos do Cariri foi a formação de núcleos familiares. Por meio de sua experiência, os cativos constituíram diversos arranjos que excediam a noção tradicionalmente ideal de matrimônio e núcleo familiar. Em meio a essa multiplicidade, constituiu-se uma família mista, na qual os laços de parentesco dos escravos ultrapassaram os limites de sua condição social e alcançaram tanto os livres quanto os libertos que trabalhavam e conviviam a seu lado, em regiões que não se configuravam como áreas de economia agroexportadora. O processo de combinação entre condições sociais diferentes desencadeou a mistura de distintos tons de pele percebidos na população livre e cativa, tanto que, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, a família escrava pode ser caracterizada essencialmente pela mestiçagem.

Palavras-chave: história - família escrava - mestiçagem.
Não só mandingas: QaִSīdat al-Burda, poesia ascética (zuhdiyyāt) e as Maqāmāt de al-Ḥarīrī nos escritos dos negros muçulmanos no Brasil oitocentista
Authors: Dobronravin Nikolay
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, trata-se da descoberta dos textos (inclusive citações) literários nos manuscritos que foram produzidos e conservados pelos africanos no Brasil escravista. A lista agora estabelecida das obras conhecidas pelos escravos cultos já inclui os poemas árabes de al-Būṣīrī e de Abū Madyan al-Tilimsānī, versos sobre a sabedoria e a educação moral, pelo menos uma citação de “Maqāmāt” de al-Ḥarīrī. pesquisa sistemática permitiu mostrar também que os negros muçulmanos estavam familiarizados com a escrita ajami (com caracteres árabes) em línguas africanas, tais como hauçá, mandinga e soninquê. Os problemas não resolvidos são discutidos, como a localização das escolas e mestres muçulmanos no Brasil oitocentista.

Palavras-chave: cultura afro-brasileira - Islam - manuscritos - ajami -literatura árabe.

       

                                                                                    

 

 
História atlântica em torno da Religião Vodum
Authors: Santos Vanicléia Silva
Published: August 2020

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Novo olhar ao norte da história
Authors: Ricci Magda
Published: August 2020

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Muito lastro, pouca vela: a herança incômoda de Nicholas Wade
Authors: Schwarcz Lilia Moritz
Published: August 2020

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A genética a serviço da sociedade
Authors: Abel Sarah
Published: August 2020

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Os desafios da segunda escravidão
Authors: Izecksohn Vitor
Published: August 2020

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Uma história dos portos ocidentais da Costa da Mina
Authors: Silva Jr. Carlos Da
Published: August 2020

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“Africana venceu a guerra como venceste esta coroa.”	Ressignificações e circularidade cultural entre as rainhas Nzinga (Angola, século XVII) e Jinga (Rio Grande do Sul, século XX)
Authors: Weimer Rodrigo Azevedo de
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo discute a relação entre a memória da rainha angolana Nzinga Mbandi e a das rainhas Jingas do maçambique de Osório, litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa congada, liderada por rainhas negras, celebra anualmente a devoção da população negra da região a Nossa Senhora do Rosário. Trabalha-se com a ideia de que, inobstante os vínculos léxicos entre as rainhas africanas e brasileiras não existem, ao menos na congada estudada, recordações das primeiras por parte dos participantes do ritual. Muito pelo contrário, esses vínculos foram permanentemente traçados e sugeridos por interlocutores, como a Igreja Católica, folcloristas e jornalistas. Por outro lado, os laços entre a África e o Brasil podem ser encontrados em algumas características estruturais e não propriamente nos conteúdos da memória.
Memória e imaginação histórica na narração da origem brasileira e escrava em Luanda contemporânea
Authors: Toldo Federica
Published: August 2020

Neste ensaio, analisamos algumas narrações genealógicas coletadas em Luanda (Angola) em que um “negro” brasileiro, que teria vindo a Angola na qualidade de escravo ou depois de ter sido escravo no Brasil, é lembrado como fundador da família. Apresentando elementos tanto de plausibilidade como de imaginação histórica, esses contos são expressivos e ricos de concepções locais no plano tanto social como religioso. Na imaginação cosmológica local, a volta da escravidão por mar de almas que se simpatizam com as pessoas é uma imagem que aparece em práticas rituais. Na economia local do prestígio, se dizer descendentes de um negro brasileiro é a única maneira de assumir uma origem escrava. A origem brasileira enobrece a condição escrava e, ao mesmo tempo, é uma estratégia para negar outras origens estrangeiras, nomeadamente a origem portuguesa.

 
O santo de sua terra na terra de todos os santos: rituais de calundu na Bahia colonial
Authors: Ferreira Elisangela Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho analisa aspectos da experiência religiosa de escravos e seus descendentes na Bahia colonial a partir de documentos da Inquisição de Lisboa, notadamente denúncias reunidas nos Cadernos do Promotor. O estudo analisa, inicialmente, crenças e práticas de escravos de origem centro-africana, focando nos rituais de adivinhação, proteção e cura mediados por entidades ou espíritos ancestrais que ficaram conhecidos como calundus. Em seguida, observa como a influência africana na cultura religiosa local ampliou-se e tornou-se mais complexa na medida da diversidade étnica dos escravos incorporados pelo tráfico atlântico. Analisa a influência de tradições religiosas da África Ocidental e seu reflexo na configuração de calundus da Bahia. A metodologia adotada é o estudo de casos, a partir dos quais o artigo evidencia o papel de destaque desempenhado pelas mulheres nos rituais.
Redes de comércio interno de cativos: organização dos negociantes na segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Scheffer Rafael Da Cunha
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a construção e a organização das redes nacionais de comércio de escravos na segunda metade do século XIX. Buscou-se a compreensão desse comércio na prática, por meio da análise da atuação dos negociantes e das estruturas que usavam para realizar cotidianamente seu comércio. Dessa forma, podem-se perceber as variadas estratégias dos indivíduos que construíram essas transferências e a participação de pequenos e grandes negociantes em diferentes regiões do país.
Rebelião escrava em Cuba: la escalera revisitada
Authors: Garcia Guadalupe
Published: August 2020

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Não nos calaremos. Não mesmo!
Authors: Moreira Nubia Regina
Published: August 2020

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POLÍTICAS DE ADAPTAÇÃO ÀS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS NA GUINÉ-BISSAU: OS ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS PARA ENTENDER OS DESAFIOS SOCIAIS CUMULATIVOS
Authors: Santy Boaventura Rodrigues Vaz Horta , Valencio Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a dimensão sociopolítica da construção do Plano Nacional de Adaptação às Mudanças do Clima (PANA). Procurou-se focalizar aspectos relevantes da caracterização dos povos ora enfeixados na Guiné Bissau e nas tensões implicadas, assim como em fragilidades governativas persistentes do Estado nacional. Isso permite indicar os desafios sociopolíticos crônicos para o cumprimento de demandas multilaterais voltadas para a elaboração e execução do NAPA. Os resultados e a discussão, integrados, se voltam a duas faces do problema. A primeira, baseada no panorama ambiental e social mais amplo da produção histórica do espaço da Guiné-Bissau, evidencia a pouca sintonia da estrutura e dinâmica do Estado nacional para com as formas multifacetadas da vida social cotidiana de seus povos. A segunda face se volta para os desafios na relação sociopolítica do Estado guineense com os povos locais no que concerne à necessidade de construção de uma política com visões e ações convergentes em torno de medidas adaptativas às mudanças climáticas. Conclui-se refletindo acerca dos mais recentes obstáculos e tensões sociopolíticas que se sobrepõem, na Guiné-Bissau, ao tema das mudanças climáticas.

 
QUANDO O QUE SE DISCUTE É A REALIDADE: UM DEFEITO DE COR COMO PROVOCAÇÃO À HISTÓRIA.
Authors: Silva Fabiana Carneiro da
Published: August 2020

O romance Um defeito de cor, publicado em 2006 por Ana Maria Gonçalves, pode ser considerado um acontecimento no cenário da produção literária contemporânea brasileira. Além de se destacar por seu fôlego e pela matéria da qual se propõe a ser uma reelaboração, a saber, o nosso ainda traumático passado escravista, o livro tem um foco narrativo inédito em nossas letras: uma escrava ou, se consideramos a condição da narradora ao final de sua vida, quando dita relato, uma liberta. A constituição desse texto literário se realiza como contraponto à, reconhecida e declarada, obliteração da história do povo negro no país. Nesse sentido, o romance estabelece intrínseca relação com a disciplina História e a ela faz uma provocação. O presente trabalho pretende compartilhar algo da investigação acerca do modo como são criadas correspondências entre a forma do romance e um discurso histórico. No mesmo contínuo, procuraremos sinalizar os aspectos passíveis de ocupar o campo do literário e que compõem os esforços dos pesquisadores da história social empenhados em elaborar narrativas comprometidas com as perspectivas dos negros em relação ao nosso século XVIII e XIX.  Ancorados nessa trama complexa, delinearemos um movimento presente no qual as oposições “ficção e realidade” e “ficção e história” voltam a interpelar da crítica literária uma revisitação e ressignificação de seus critérios.

 
OS FILHOS DA RODA: INSTITUIÇÃO E ESCRAVIDÃO DE CRIANÇAS EXPOSTAS NA CASA DA RODA DO RECIFE 1770 – 1829
Authors: Almeida Suely Creusa Cordeiro de , Bezerra Janaína Santos
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo sintetiza o funcionamento e ações da Roda dos expostos do Recife no final do século XVIII. Discute as dinâmicas que envolveram o acolhimento e escravização/reescravização de crianças expostas na referida Roda. Uma análise precisa da instituição em destaque, nos deixa indícios que muitas das crianças abandonadas passaram pelo trágico risco de serem escravizadas ou até mesmo “reescravizadas” na própria instituição. No entanto, tal fato contrariava a lei de1775, aqual garantia o direito de liberdade aos ingênuos, ou seja, crianças foram escravizadas na instituição que deveria libertá-las.
O RECRUTAMENTO DE NEGROS NAS TROPAS DA UNIÃO DURANTE A GUERRA CIVIL AMERICANA
Authors: Izecksohn Vitor
Published: August 2020

Este artigo discute os dilemas do alistamento de Afro-Americanos, culminando no difícil, complicado e bem-sucedido arranjo que levou à criação dos United States Colored Troops (USCTs), as tropas negras que lutaram pelo exército da União durante a Guerra Civil (1861-1865). Após um breve histórico da participação dos negros nas guerras travadas pelos Estados Unidos no período anterior à secessão, investigarei as condições sob as quais a administração republicana decidiu pelo recrutamento de Afro-Americanos. O presente artigo examinará as controvérsias políticas que marcaram o recrutamento e a organização específica dessas unidades de combate. Finalmente, demonstrarei como o recrutamento dos Afro-Americanos, especialmente no Sul, acelerou o processo de abolição e concessão de direitos, beneficiando livres, libertos e escravos. 
OS CICLOS DO SAMBA: INOVAÇÃO, FONTES E MITOS CEM ANOS DEPOIS DE “PELO TELEFONE”
Authors: Hertzman Marc A.
Published: August 2020

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UM TRIÂNGULO CONTENCIOSO: NEGROS, BRANCOS BRASILEIROS E IMIGRANTES
Authors: Domingues Petrônio
Published: August 2020

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BRAVAS MULHERES A FAVOR DE SI
Authors: Santos Luciany Aparecida Alves
Published: August 2020

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“UMA MULHER NUNCA TINHA GOVERNADO ESSE REINO”: RAINHA NJINGA, BIOGRAFIA E MEMÓRIA
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa S.
Published: August 2020

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CONEXÕES ESTADOS UNIDOS - CUBA E OS PRIMÓRDIOS DO IMPÉRIO INFORMAL
Authors: Soriano Cristina
Published: August 2020

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FUTEBOL E POLÍTICA RACIAL: UMA FRANÇA EXPLODE!
Authors: Bacelar Jeferson
Published: August 2020

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LUIZA BAIRROS – UMA “BEM LEMBRADA” ENTRE NÓS 1953-2016
Authors: Pinto Ana Flávia Magalhães , Freitas Felipe Da Silva
Published: August 2020

Luiza era a última a dormir. Ela tinha um fusca amarelo. Até hoje eu me pergunto como ela conseguia carregar todas nós naquele fusca amarelo. E ela só ia embora quando deixava a última em casa. Não existia essa coisa de lhe deixar no ponto do ônibus. Aquele fusca levava cada uma de nós na nossa casa
EM BUSCA DOS AGUDÁS DA BAHIA TRAJETÓRIAS INDIVIDUAIS E MUDANÇAS DEMOGRÁFICAS NO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Castillo Lisa Louise Earl
Published: August 2020

Este texto analisa o movimento oitocentista de africanos que voltaram ao continente de nascimento. São identificadas três etapas principais de migração. A primeira e mais intensa foi entre 1835-37, na esteira da revolta dos Malês em Salvador. Nos anos 1840, números menores de africanos viajaram à África, geralmente empregados no comércio atlântico. Uma terceira fase surgiu depois do fim da importação de novos cativos africanos ao Brasil em 1850. Essas informações, complementadas por dados demográficos sobre gênero e nação, formam um pano de fundo para uma análise micro-histórica de trajetórias individuais. Na primeira e na terceira fases, os viajantes eram de ambos os sexos e frequentemente embarcavam em grupos ligados por diversos laços sociais, desde parentesco consanguíneo até relação senhorial, enquanto na segunda fase a maioria eram homens que voltaram posteriormente ao Brasil. Os dados aqui apresentados proporcionam novas reflexões sobre os variados motivos que impulsionaram africanos egressos do cativeiro a deixar o Brasil e levantam questionamentos sobre a permanência da instituição da escravidão nas suas vidas depois de libertos.
AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS PARA AFRODESCENDENTES NO DEBATE DO PARLAMENTO URUGUAIO
Authors: López Monica Olaza
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho, são examinados os argumentos discutidos no Parlamento Nacional uruguaio durante o processo que chegou à sanção da Lei nº 19.122, Afrodescendentes. Normas para favorecer sua participação nas áreas educativas e trabalhistas. Essa lei é a medida de política pública mais relevante do Estado uruguaio no tocante à afrodescendência e contou com votação unânime para sua aprovação. No entanto, a análise do debate deixa entrever posições contraditórias não manifestadas e dúvidas explícitas por parte de alguns parlamentares. Em comparação com outros países que adotaram políticas afirmativas, a discussão uruguaia apresenta argumentos similares, mas em um contexto com algumas particularidades como a gratuidade e a não restrição do acesso ao ensino público e uma sociedade com mais diversidade e presença afro.

Palavras-chave: afrodescendência - Uruguai - políticas públicas - reconhecimento - redistribuição.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the arguments discussed at the Uruguyan National Parliament during the process that led to the passing of the Law 19.122. Afro-descendants. Regulations to promote participation in the areas of education and work. This law is the most relevant public policy step taken by the Uruguayan government related to Afro-descendants, and was passed unanimously. However, an analysis of the debate reveals unspoken contradictory positions and explicit doubts from some members of parliament.  When compared to other countries that have adopted affirmative action policies, the Uruguayan discussion shows similar arguments. Nevertheless, the Uruguayan context has distinctive features such as free and unrestricted access to public education, and a more diverse society with greater Afro-descendant presence than perceived.  

Keywords: Afro-descendant - Uruguay - public policies - recognition - redistribution.
O LUGAR DOS MAPAS NA HISTÓRIA DE BORNO
Authors: Ojo Olatunji
Published: August 2020

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GUINÉ-BISSAU: OS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO COMO PRISMA DA HISTÓRIA DO PAÍS
Authors: Augel Johannes
Published: August 2020

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ESCRAVIDÃO E EXCEÇÃO NO SÉCULO DA LIBERDADE
Authors: Leite Douglas Guimarães
Published: August 2020

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QUEM GANHA COM MAIS POLÍCIA E MAIS PRISÃO?
Authors: Sinhoretto Jacqueline
Published: August 2020

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HISTÓRIAS OCULTAS: TRAFICANTES, INVESTIDORES, NAVIOS
Authors: Graden Dale T.
Published: August 2020

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Reliability and validity of the Vietnamese version of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale
Authors: Tran Thuy Thi Thu , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Imamura Kotaro , Nguyen Huong Thanh , Sasaki Natsu , Kuribayashi Kazuto , Sakuraya Asuka , Nguyen Nga Thi , Bui Thu Minh , Nguyen Quynh Thuy , Truong Tien Quang , Nguyen Giang Thi Huong , Minas Harry , Tsustumi Akizumi , Shimazu Akihito , Kawakami Norito
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The present study investigated the reliability and validity of a newly developed Vietnamese version of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9-V) in a sample of hospital nurses in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods

The UWES-9 was translated into Vietnamese following a standard procedure. A survey was conducted of 949 registered nurses in a large tertiary general hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018, using a self-administered questionnaire including the Vietnamese UWES-9, other scales measuring health status, work performance, job demand, job control, and workplace social support, and questions pertaining to demographic variables. Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess reliability. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess factorial validity. Convergent validity was tested based on associations between the UWES-9-V and subscales and other scales.

Results

The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the UWES-9-V and the Vigor, Absorption, and Dedication subscales were 0.93, 0.86, 0.77, and 0.90, respectively. ICC of the UWES-9-V in a subsample after 3 months was 0.48. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated an acceptable fit of both one-factor and three-factor structures, with the three-factor model having the better fit. The UWES-9-V and its subscales correlated with depression, anxiety and stress, health-related quality of life and health condition, job performance, and psychosocial work environment.

Conclusions

The study findings suggest that the UWES-9-V is a reliable and valid instrument to measure work engagement among hospital nurses in Vietnam, a low- and middle-income country. Future studies should confirm the validity and reliability of the UWES-9-V among various occupations.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Two‐Phase Mg–Li Alloy Processed By Constrained Groove Pressing
Authors: Wang Zongshen , Zhang Bin , Zhou Wei , Zhu Lihua , Zheng Hongyu , Guan Yanjin , Zhai Wengang
Published: August 2020

Constrained groove pressing (CGP), as a novel severe plastic deformation method, is applied to a two‐phase Mg–Li alloy at room temperature, 373 K, 423 K, and 473 K. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Mg–Li alloy sheets during CGP are investigated. The optimum mechanical properties are achieved at 373 K after two passes. The tensile strength and yield strength are 157 MPa and 145 MPa, respectively, with a moderate elongation to failure of 12.4%, and the average micro‐hardness is about 63 HV. At 373 K, high‐density dislocations induced by CGP are preserved to enhance the strength and microhardness. The cross‐orientation procedure improves the deformation homogeneity and results in strength increase and ductility recovery at later stages. Increasing temperature weakens the homogeneity improvement and grain refinement with strain accumulation. The β‐Li phase is refined faster than α‐Mg phase, and grain sizes about 1 μm are observed in β‐Li phase. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) first occurs in the soft and ductile β‐Li phase at 423 K. The grain refinement induced by DRX in β‐Li phase is counteracted by grain coarsening in α‐Mg phase, which causes no obvious enhancement of mechanical properties at higher temperatures of 423 K and 473 K.
Multipopulation recurrent selection: An approach with generation and population effects in selection of self‐pollinated progenies
Authors: de Paula Ramon G. , Pereira Gabriela S. , de Paula Igor G. , Carneiro Ana Laura N. , Carneiro Pedro C. S. , dos Anjos Rafael S. R. , Carneiro José E. S.
Published: August 2020

Correlated information from different genetic sources is absent in most of annual self‐pollinated crops using the recurrent selection strategy, which is a breeding strategy that improves crop traits consistently over years. In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs, progenies coming from multiple biparental populations are evaluated across generations of inbred plants with the assumption that the data are not correlated. In this paper, in addition to the effects of progeny, we evaluate the effects of populations and generations and provide information for the selection process in a self‐pollinated recurrent selection breeding program. Nineteen progenies were extracted from 20 breeding populations and evaluated at different sowing times across F3:4 and F3:5 generations. The evaluated traits were plant architecture, angular leaf spot resistance, grain appearance, and grain yield. Progenies were selected using three methods: means of progenies regardless of generation and population effects; the multigeneration index (MI), which considered the generation effect; and the selection index with parents, populations, progenies, and generations (SIPPPG). We showed that adding variation among progenies correctly weighted for different generations as well as variation among populations yield for an increase in genetic gain. Therefore, selection accuracies of the SIPPPG were the highest for all traits compared with those of MI and when generation and population effects were not considered.
Natural restoration and diploidization of haploids in maize
Authors: Jiang Long , Jin Ge , Chen Dianyuan , Yu Xiaoming , Yu Haiyan , Li Jianming
Published: August 2020

Double‐haploid breeding technology is the most efficient breeding technique for maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we used haploids produced from 12 maize hybrids and 13 inbred lines induced by Jikeyu115, calculated natural doubling rates of the haploids, and studied male and female fertility. The results showed that the recovery degrees of male inflorescence fertility of 25 different haploids were significantly different. The power rates of male tassels varied from 0.81 to 11.48% (average, 4.42%). The degree of fertility recovery of male ear was much lower than that of female ear (60.83%), which was the limiting factor of self‐fruiting of haploid. Summer sowing at a location that has a large daytime/night‐time temperature difference may be beneficial to fertility recovery of haploid male panicles and to the loose pollen rate, with an average of 9.80%. In the natural state, detecting the cells by flow cytometer, we found that most of somatic cells of haploid male fertile plants are haploid state (1C), and there is a ploidy chimerism including haploid and diploid cells in a few somatic cells. About 1.4% aneuploidy (1.5C) is detected. In the practice of haploid breeding, materials with strong male fertility recovery ability can be selected to carry out haploid breeding, and an environment suitable for male panicle fertility restoration can be selected for haploid natural doubling.
Interrow spacing and sugarcane yield in a diversity of climates: A major review
Authors: Gasparotto Leticia G. , Rosa Juliano M. , Marin Fabio R.
Published: August 2020

The reduction of sugarcane interrow spacing has the potential to increase crop yield, but research results concerning sugarcane cultivation in Brazil and worldwide remain inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the influence of interrow spacing on the stalk fresh yield (SFY) of sugarcane and to identify the most appropriate interrow spacing in different climates and water regimes (irrigated or rainfed). In this study, a broad review of published studies was conducted to gather experimental data and evaluate the influence of interrow spacing on sugarcane SFY. A total of 28 relevant studies was used, including 170 field experiments in nine countries. Field experimental data were grouped on the basis of similarity of climate, using hierarchical cluster analysis for rainfed and irrigated experiments. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate whether there was a variation between the SFY values, and Tukey tests were applied to compare the SFY means for each interrow spacing. The results indicated that SFY significantly increased as interrow spacing was reduced. Interrow spacing of 90 cm had the greatest SFY (p < .01) for both irrigated and rainfed treatments. The lowest average SFY values were among spacings from 150 to 180 cm, which are most frequently used in the largest‐producing countries, depending on the climate zone and water regime. Despite the increase in yield, the use of narrower interrow spacing is limited mainly due to the soil compaction and sugarcane stool damage caused by the currently used tillage and harvesting machines.
Continuous grazing of mixed native warm‐season grass in the fescue belt
Authors: Brazil Kyle A. , Keyser Patrick D. , Bates Gary E. , Saxton Arnold M. , Holcomb Elizabeth D.
Published: August 2020

Continuous, season‐long (May–August) grazing is the most commonly used grazing strategy among tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] belt beef (Bos taurus) producers. However, little information is available regarding the feasibility of managing native warm‐season grass (NWSG) pastures in this region with continuous, season‐long grazing. We compared stand sustainability, beef cattle performance, and pasture production between continuous (CONT), season‐long grazing and heavy‐early (HEAVY), a modified continuous grazing strategy, on mixed‐NWSG pastures. Heavy‐early was designed to match the growth curve of NWSG, with an initial stocking target of 1.25 times the CONT density until 25 June, at which time stocking was reduced to 0.75 times the CONT density. Pastures were mixed big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)]. The plant population (plants m−2) was similar between treatments, but years differed (P < .001), with a 35% reduction from 2017, the third and final year of grazing, to 2018. Despite the decline in plant density, overall tiller density (tillers m−2) increased 14%, indicating that the grazing strategies were likely sustainable. The grazing strategies had similar (P > .05) average daily gain (ADG; kg d−1), animal‐days ha−1, and total gain (kg ha−1). Weaned steer ADG was 0.98 kg d−1 for CONT and 0.89 kg d−1 for HEAVY. Total gain was 379 kg ha−1 for CONT and 334 kg ha−1 for HEAVY. Continuous grazing appears to be an appropriate strategy for managing NWSG pastures in the Fescue Belt.
Molecular‐level kinetic modeling of heavy oil fluid catalytic cracking process based on hybrid structural unit and bond‐electron matrix
Authors: Chen Zhengyu , Feng Song , Zhang Linzhou , Wang Gang , Shi Quan , Xu Zhiming , Zhao Suoqi , Xu Chunming
Published: August 2020

In this presented work, a heavy petroleum fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process model based on the use of a hybrid structural unit and bond‐electron matrix (SU‐BEM) framework on a molecular level has been developed. The SU‐BEM uses a simplified structural unit to represent the petroleum's molecular structure and chemical conversion, while retaining substantial details regarding atom‐connectivity. The chemical reaction information from the FCC unit was characterized in terms of reaction rules, indicating the conversion between structural units. After implementing via iteration the reaction rules on feedstock molecules, a complex molecular reaction network was created, containing all the primary product molecules (~3,800) and the reactions (~7,500). Next, the process mathematical model was built, including the micro‐kinetic model and the FCC unit reactor model. For validation purposes, the product yield was selected as a predicted variable. Following a parameter estimation procedure, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental values was observed.
Mixed matrix membranes containing polymer‐embedded metal‐organic framework microspheres
Authors: Wu Wufeng , Su Pengcheng , Li Wanbin
Published: August 2020

The controlling filler aggregation and strengthening interfacial interaction are of great scientific significance for mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In this study, the polymer‐embedded metal‐organic framework (pMOF) microspheres (MSs) are designed by one‐pot synthesis and employed as microfillers for improving separation performance of MMMs. Through adding polymer during solvothermal crystallization, the polymer chains are embedded into the MOF materials, and the morphologies of the MOFs are transformed from nanopaticles to polycrystalline MSs. Since the embedding of the identical polymer promotes the compatibility of polymeric matrixes and fillers, as well as the micrometer‐sized porous MSs offer additionally superior and permanent transport pathways, the resulted MMMs display simultaneously enhanced selectivity and permeability for carbon capture. The CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeability of the pMOF MMMs are achieved at 1.3 and 2.2 times as those of the pure polymeric membranes, and 1.5 and 1.2 times as those of the MOF MMMs, respectively.
Coupling reduced‐order modeling and coarse‐grainedCFD‐DEMto accelerate coal gasifier simulation and optimization
Authors: Yu Jia , Lu Liqiang , Gao Xi , Xu Yupeng , Shahnam Mehrdad , Rogers William A.
Published: August 2020

High fidelity three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical simulations of commercial‐scale coal gasifiers are very time consuming and expensive. This article proposes a reduced‐order modeling approach that uses quasi one‐dimensional (1‐D) CFD–DEM simulation results to serve as an accurate initial condition for the 3‐D simulation, which significantly shortens the physical time from several hours to minutes to achieve steady states. The 3‐D simulation employs a previously validated coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM approach, which further accelerates the simulation. Both 1‐D and 3‐D simulations adopt a particle shrinkage scheme to correctly account for the particle volume change due to chemical reaction and thus provides an accurate bed height. Comparison with available experimental measurements of the bed temperature and synthesis gas composition is used to validate the simulation. The final syngas composition and flowrates are strongly affected by the fuel or gasification agent rate and process operating conditions as expected. This approach is then used to optimize two important operating conditions (air and steam flows) to achieve specific gasifier performance goals for the production of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis gas and production of fuel gas for gas turbines.
Tau and apolipoprotein E modulate cerebrovascular tight junction integrity independent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Chia‐Chen , Yamazaki Yu , Heckman Michael G. , Martens Yuka A. , Jia Lin , Yamazaki Akari , Diehl Nancy N. , Zhao Jing , Zhao Na , DeTure Michael , Davis Mary D. , Felton Lindsey M. , Qiao Wenhui , Li Yonghe , Li Hongmei , Fu Yuan , Wang Na , Wren Melissa , Aikawa Tomonori , Holm Marie‐Louise , Oue Hiroshi , Linares Cynthia , Allen Mariet , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Murray Melissa E. , Petersen Ronald C. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Dickson Dennis W. , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Bu Guojun
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Cerebrovascular pathologies including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation are prominent features in the majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases.

Methods

We performed neuropathologic and biochemical studies on a large, neuropathologically confirmed human AD cohort (N = 469). Amounts of endothelial tight junction proteins claudin‐5 (CLDN5) and occludin (OCLN), and major AD‐related molecules (amyloid beta [Aβ40], Aβ42, tau, p‐tau, and apolipoprotein E) in the temporal cortex were assessed by ELISA.

Results

Higher levels of soluble tau, insoluble p‐tau, and apolipoprotein E (apoE) were independently correlated with lower levels of endothelial tight junction proteins CLDN5 and OCLN in AD brains. Although high Aβ40 levels, APOE ε4, and male sex were predominantly associated with exacerbated CAA severity, those factors did not influence tight junction protein levels.

Discussion

Refining the molecular mechanisms connecting tau, Aβ, and apoE with cerebrovascular pathologies is critical for greater understanding of AD pathogenesis and establishing effective therapeutic interventions for the disease.
Production and characterization of copper periodic open cellular structures made by 3D printing‐replica technique
Authors: Balzarotti Riccardo , Bisaccia Alessandra , Tripi Maria Celeste , Ambrosetti Matteo , Groppi Gianpiero , Tronconi Enrico
Published: August 2020

Additive manufacturing by 3D printing comprises a set of methods for production of 3D objects starting from a CAD file. Advantages of additive manufacturing combine high manufacturing resolution, a reduction of waste material, and the possibility of computer‐aided design (CAD). When applied to the manufacturing of structured catalyst substrates, the latter enables the optimization of transport properties of the catalyst support. Despite several methods have been introduced for a variety of materials, copper, well known for its high thermal conductivity, is still difficult to be handled. In this work, a novel approach for the additive manufacturing of copper periodic open cellular structures (POCS) is proposed and investigated. It consists in the use of the replica manufacturing procedure starting from resin supports produced by 3D printing stereolithography. Micrometric high purity copper powder was effectively dispersed using a liquid medium based on organic components; the resulting slurry was used for the washcoat deposition on the resin supports. Structures with diamond unit cell shape (cell size of 2.5 mm and void fractions in the 0.8‐0.9 range) were washcoated by dip‐spin coating. Homogeneous washcoat layers were obtained without occurrence of cell clogging phenomena. Optimized thermal treatment procedure was assessed for sintering the copper POCS. The resulting matrices preserved the morphology of the original structure, reaching a resolution in the range of 70 to 120 μm. These materials can eventually be used as catalyst supports for heat‐transfer limited applications (eg, steam reforming of methane), where copper‐based substrates were demonstrated to be an effective solution for process intensification.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Promotes Gait Training in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Chung Chloe Lau‐Ha , Mak Margaret Kit‐Yi , Hallett Mark
Published: August 2020

Objective

To determine whether priming with 1 or 25Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) will enhance the benefits from treadmill training up to 3 months postintervention in people with Parkinson disease (PD), and to evaluate the underlying changes in cortical excitability.

Methods

This randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted between October 2016 and December 2018. Fifty‐one participants with PD were randomized to receive 12 sessions of rTMS (25Hz, 1Hz, or sham) followed by treadmill training. All participants were assessed at baseline and 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months postintervention. Primary outcome was fastest walking speed, and secondary outcomes were timed up‐and‐go test (TUG), dual‐task TUG (DT‐TUG), motor section of the Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS‐III), and electrophysiological evaluation of cortical excitability by TMS.

Results

The 1 and 25Hz rTMS groups produced a greater improvement in fastest walking speed at 1 day and 3 months postintervention than the sham group. Only the 1 and 25Hz rTMS groups sustained the improvements in TUG, and had a significant improvement in DT‐TUG and MDS‐UPDRS‐III for up to 3 months. Behavioral improvements correlated with increased cortical silent period and short‐interval intracortical inhibition in both groups receiving real rTMS.

Interpretation

Priming with 1 and 25Hz rTMS can augment the benefits of treadmill training and lead to long‐term motor improvement up to 3 months postintervention. The motor improvement at follow‐up was associated with a normalization of cortical excitability, which in turn suggests an alteration of the homeostatic plasticity range. Rebalancing cortical excitability by rTMS appears critical for plasticity induction. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:933–945
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgical Outcomes Can Be Inferred Based on Structural Connectome Hubs: A Machine Learning Study
Authors: Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Keller Simon S. , Drane Daniel L. , Munsell Brent C. , Davis Kathryn A. , Kaestner Erik , Weber Bernd , Krantz Samantha , Vandergrift William A. , Edwards Jonathan C. , McDonald Carrie R. , Kuzniecky Ruben , Bonilha Leonardo
Published: August 2020

Objective

Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of medication‐resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Despite removal of medial temporal structures, more than one‐third of patients continue to have disabling seizures postoperatively. Seizure refractoriness implies that extramedial regions are capable of influencing the brain network and generating seizures. We tested whether abnormalities of structural network integration could be associated with surgical outcomes.

Methods

Presurgical magnetic resonance images from 121 patients with drug‐resistant TLE across 3 independent epilepsy centers were used to train feed‐forward neural network models based on tissue volume or graph‐theory measures from whole‐brain diffusion tensor imaging structural connectomes. An independent dataset of 47 patients with TLE from 3 other epilepsy centers was used to assess the predictive values of each model and regional anatomical contributions toward surgical treatment results.

Results

The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve based on regional betweenness centrality was 0.88, significantly higher than a random model or models based on gray matter volumes, degree, strength, and clustering coefficient. Nodes most strongly contributing to the predictive models involved the bilateral parahippocampal gyri, as well as the superior temporal gyri.

Interpretation

Network integration in the medial and lateral temporal regions was related to surgical outcomes. Patients with abnormally integrated structural network nodes were less likely to achieve seizure freedom. These findings are in line with previous observations related to network abnormalities in TLE and expand on the notion of underlying aberrant plasticity. Our findings provide additional information on the mechanisms of surgical refractoriness. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:970–983
Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from All‐Inorganic Cesium Zirconium Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Siping , Yang Bin , Chen Junsheng , Wei Donghui , Zheng Daoyuan , Kong Qingkun , Deng Weiqiao , Han Keli
Published: August 2020

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is generally observed in solid‐state organic molecules or metal‐organic complexes. However, TADF in all‐inorganic colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is rare. Herein, we report the first colloidal synthesis of an air‐stable all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite NCs. The Cs2ZrCl6 NCs exhibit long‐lived triplet excited state (138.2 μs), and feature high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (QY=60.37 %) due to TADF mechanism. The emission color can be easily tuned from blue to green by synthesizing the mixed‐halide Cs2ZrBrxCl6−x (0≤x≤1.5) NCs. Femtosecond transient absorption and temperature dependent PL measurements are performed to clarify the emission mechanism. In addition, Bi3+ ions are successfully doped into Cs2ZrCl6 NCs, which further extends the PL properties. This work not only develops a new lead‐free halide perovskite NCs for potential optoelectronic applications, but also offers unique strategies for developing new inorganic phosphors.
Hierarchical attention model for personalized tag recommendation
Authors: Sun Jianshan , Zhu Mingyue , Jiang Yuanchun , Liu Yezheng , Wu Le
Published: August 2020

With the development of Web‐based social networks, many personalized tag recommendation approaches based on multi‐information have been proposed. Due to the differences in users' preferences, different users care about different kinds of information. In the meantime, different elements within each kind of information are differentially informative for user tagging behaviors. In this context, how to effectively integrate different elements and different information separately becomes a key part of tag recommendation. However, the existing methods ignore this key part. In order to address this problem, we propose a deep neural network for tag recommendation. Specifically, we model two important attentive aspects with a hierarchical attention model. For different user‐item pairs, the bottom layered attention network models the influence of different elements on the features representation of the information while the top layered attention network models the attentive scores of different information. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on two real‐world data sets. The results show that using attention network and different kinds of information can significantly improve the performance of the recommendation model, and verify the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed model.
Tropical cyclones impact on tropopause and the lower stratosphere vapour based on satellite data
Authors: Jiang Baolin , Lin Wenshi , Hu Chundi , Wu Yali
Published: August 2020

As one of the deep convection systems, tropical cyclones (TCs) could significantly affect the thermodynamic structure and cloud microphysical processes near the tropopause, which may cause changes in troposphere and stratosphere water vapour activity, with important influences on global climate change. However, the effects of TCs on tropopause and the lower stratosphere water vapour remain unclear. Here, we use satellite data from year 2012 to 2016 to assess the effect of TCs on water vapour at the tropopause and in the lower stratosphere over the Northwest tropical Pacific Ocean. It is found that TCs could decrease the tropopause temperature and increase the process of water vapour deposition on cloud ice to a certain extent. This process can increase cloud ice mixing ratio and then dehydrate the tropopause. Part of the small cloud ice particles will be injected into the lower stratosphere, where they would be sublimated, hydrating the lower stratosphere. Compared to non‐TC area, the average water vapours in TC area decrease about 1.04 ppmv near the tropopause, but increase by 0.75 ppmv in the lower stratosphere.
Cell‐free protein synthesis enables one‐pot cascade biotransformation in an aqueous‐organic biphasic system
Authors: Liu Wan‐Qiu , Wu Changzhu , Jewett Michael C. , Li Jian
Published: August 2020

Biocatalytic cascade reactions have become increasingly important and useful for chemical synthesis. However, biocatalysts are often incompatible with organic solvents, which prohibits many cascade reactions involving nonpolar substrates. In this study, we used cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) to express enzymes in an aqueous‐organic biphasic system for the construction of an artificial enzymatic pathway. CFPS‐expressed enzymes without purification performed efficiently to convert styrene (below 20 mM) to (S)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol (two steps in one pot) with 100% conversion. In addition, our CFPS system showed great tolerance to different organic solvents, and, importantly, the entire biocatalytic system can be consistently scaled up without a reduction of the substrate conversion rate. We, therefore, anticipate that our cell‐free approach will make a possible cost‐effective, high‐yielding synthesis of valuable chemicals.
Display of functional nucleic acid polymerase on Escherichia coli surface and its application in directed polymerase evolution
Authors: Chung Mu‐En , Goroncy Kati , Kolesnikova Alisa , Schönauer David , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: August 2020

We report a first of its kind functional cell surface display of nucleic acid polymerase and its directed evolution to efficiently incorporate 2′‐O‐methyl nucleotide triphosphates (2′‐OMe‐NTPs). In the development of polymerase cell surface display, two autotransporter proteins (Escherichia coli adhesin involved in diffuse adherence and Pseudomonas aeruginosa esterase A [EstA]) were employed to transport and anchor the 68‐kDa Klenow fragment (KF) of E. coli DNA polymerase I on the surface of E. coli. The localization and function of the displayed KF were verified by analysis of cell outer membrane fractions, immunostaining, and fluorometric detection of synthesized DNA products. The EstA cell surface display system was applied to evolve KF for the incorporation of 2′‐OMe‐NTPs and a KF variant with a 50.7‐fold increased ability to successively incorporate 2′‐OMe‐NTPs was discovered. Expanding the scope of cell‐surface displayable proteins to the realm of polymerases provides a novel screening tool for tailoring polymerases to diverse application demands in a polymerase chain reaction and sequencing‐based biotechnological and medical applications. Especially, cell surface display enables novel polymerase screening strategies in which the heat‐lysis step is bypassed and thus allows the screening of mesophilic polymerases with broad application potentials ranging from diagnostics and DNA sequencing to replication of synthetic genetic polymers.
Rising inpatient numbers in forensic security hospitals of German federal state of Baden‐Württemberg: Background and explanatory approaches
Authors: Ross Thomas , Fontao María Isabel , Bulla Jan
Published: August 2020

In this article, we describe critical epidemiological trends in forensic psychiatric care in the German federal state of Baden‐Württemberg. For some years, there has been a marked increase in the number of patients with psychoses and with a migration background in the high‐security hospitals of Baden‐Württemberg. We present a number of studies exploring hypotheses as to why this is the case. Taking into account a set of person‐related and non‐person (forensic system)‐related variables, we suggest that rising treatment figures may be understood in terms of system variables rather than individual patient characteristics. Findings regarding predictors of treatment length and legal outcome, as well as characteristics of migrant patients and patients assigned to forensic aftercare, are discussed.