bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Tests of Gravity: A Future Perspective
Authors: Martinelli Matteo , Casas Santiago
Published: December 2021

In this review, we outline the expected tests of gravity that will be achieved at cosmological scales in the upcoming decades. We focus mainly on constraints on phenomenologically parameterized deviations from general relativity, which allow to test gravity in a model-independent way, but also review some of the expected constraints obtained with more physically motivated approaches. After reviewing the state-of-the-art for such constraints, we outline the expected improvement that future cosmological surveys will achieve, focusing mainly on future large-scale structures and cosmic microwave background surveys but also looking into novel probes on the nature of gravity. We will also highlight the necessity of overcoming accuracy issues in our theoretical predictions, issues that become relevant due to the expected sensitivity of future experiments.
Emergence of a Distinct Picobirnavirus Genotype Circulating in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Berg Michael G. , Forberg Kenn , Perez Lester J. , Luk Ka-Cheung , Meyer Todd V. , Cloherty Gavin A.
Published: December 2021

Picobirnaviruses (PBV) are found in a wide range of hosts and typically associated with gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Here, a divergent PBV genome was assembled from a patient hospitalized for acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Colombia. The RdRp protein branched with sequences previously reported in patients with ARI from Cambodia and China. Sputa from hospitalized individuals (n = 130) were screened by RT-qPCR which enabled detection and subsequent metagenomic characterization of 25 additional PBV infections circulating in Colombia and the US. Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp highlighted the emergence of two dominant lineages linked to the index case and Asian strains, which together clustered as a distinct genotype. Bayesian inference further established capsid and RdRp sequences as both significantly associated with ARI. Various respiratory-tropic pathogens were detected in PBV+ patients, yet no specific bacteria was common among them and four individuals lacked co-infections, suggesting PBV may not be a prokaryotic virus nor exclusively opportunistic, respectively. Competing models for the origin and transmission of this PBV genotype are presented that attempt to reconcile vectoring by a bacterial host with human pathogenicity. A high prevalence in patients with ARI, an ability to reassort, and demonstrated global spread indicate PBV warrant greater public health concern.
Dynamics of the Enteric Virome in a Swine Herd Affected by Non-PCV2/PRRSV Postweaning Wasting Syndrome
Authors: Folgueiras-González Alba , van den Braak Robin , Deijs Martin , Kuller Wikke , Sietsma Steven , Thuring Valentijn , van der Hoek Lia , de Groof Ad
Published: December 2021

A commercial pig farm with no history of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) repeatedly reported a significant reduction in body weight gain and wasting symptoms in approximately 20–30% of the pigs in the period between three and six weeks after weaning. As standard clinical interventions failed to tackle symptomatology, viral metagenomics were used to describe and monitor the enteric virome at birth, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 9 weeks of age. The latter four sampling points were 7 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks post weaning, respectively. Fourteen distinct enteric viruses were identified within the herd, which all have previously been linked to enteric diseases. Here we show that wasting is associated with alterations in the enteric virome of the pigs, characterized by: (1) the presence of enterovirus G at 3 weeks of age, followed by a higher prevalence of the virus in wasting pigs at 6 weeks after weaning; (2) rotaviruses at 3 weeks of age; and (3) porcine sapovirus one week after weaning. However, the data do not provide a causal link between specific viral infections and the postweaning clinical problems on the farm. Together, our results offer evidence that disturbances in the enteric virome at the preweaning stage and early after weaning have a determining role in the development of intestinal barrier dysfunctions and nutrient uptake in the postweaning growth phase. Moreover, we show that the enteric viral load sharply increases in the week after weaning in both healthy and wasting pigs. This study is also the first to report the dynamics and co-infection of porcine rotavirus species and porcine astrovirus genetic lineages during the first 9 weeks of the life of domestic pigs.
Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonid Alphavirus in Norwegian Aquaculture Reveals Recent Subtype-2 Transmission Dynamics and Novel Subtype-3 Lineages
Authors: Macqueen Daniel J. , Eve Oliver , Gundappa Manu Kumar , Daniels Rose Ruiz , Gallagher Michael D. , Alexandersen Svein , Karlsen Marius
Published: December 2021

Viral disease poses a major barrier to sustainable aquaculture, with outbreaks causing large economic losses and growing concerns for fish welfare. Genomic epidemiology can support disease control by providing rapid inferences on viral evolution and disease transmission. In this study, genomic epidemiology was used to investigate salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the causative agent of pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon. Our aim was to reconstruct SAV subtype-2 (SAV2) diversity and transmission dynamics in recent Norwegian aquaculture, including the origin of SAV2 in regions where this subtype is not tolerated under current legislation. Using nanopore sequencing, we captured ~90% of the SAV2 genome for n = 68 field isolates from 10 aquaculture production regions sampled between 2018 and 2020. Using time-calibrated phylogenetics, we infer that, following its introduction to Norway around 2010, SAV2 split into two clades (SAV2a and 2b) around 2013. While co-present at the same sites near the boundary of Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag, SAV2a and 2b were generally detected in non-overlapping locations at more Southern and Northern latitudes, respectively. We provide evidence for recent SAV2 transmission over large distances, revealing a strong connection between Møre og Romsdal and SAV2 detected in 2019/20 in Rogaland. We also demonstrate separate introductions of SAV2a and 2b outside the SAV2 zone in Sognefjorden (Vestland), connected to samples from Møre og Romsdal and Trøndelag, respectively, and a likely 100 km Northward transmission of SAV2b within Trøndelag. Finally, we recovered genomes of SAV2a and SAV3 co-infecting single fish in Rogaland, involving novel SAV3 lineages that diverged from previously characterized strains >25 years ago. Overall, this study demonstrates useful applications of genomic epidemiology for tracking viral disease spread in aquaculture.
Attenuation of Antibody Titers from 3 to 6 Months after the Second Dose of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Depends on Sex, with Age and Smoking Risk Factors for Lower Antibody Titers at 6 Months
Authors: Nomura Yushi , Sawahata Michiru , Nakamura Yosikazu , Koike Ryousuke , Katsube Otohiro , Hagiwara Koichi , Niho Seiji , Masuda Norihiro , Tanaka Takaaki , Sugiyama Kumiya
Published: December 2021

Objective: We aimed to determine antibody titers at six months and their percentage change from three to six months after the second dose of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) and to explore clinical variables associated with titers in Japan. Methods: We enrolled 365 healthcare workers (250 women, 115 men) whose three-month antibody titers were analyzed in our previous study and whose blood samples were collected 183 ± 15 days after the second dose. Participant characteristics, collected previously, were used. The relationships of these factors with antibody titers at six months and percentage changes in antibody titers from three to six months were analyzed. Results: Median age was 44 years. Median antibody titer at six months was 539 U/mL. Older participants had significantly lower antibody titers (20s, 752 U/mL; 60s–70s, 365 U/mL). In age-adjusted analysis, smoking was the only factor associated with lower antibody titers. Median percentage change in antibody titers from three to six months was −29.4%. The only factor significantly associated with the percentage change in Ab titers was not age or smoking, but sex (women, −31.6%; men, −25.1%). Conclusion: The most important factors associated with lower antibody titers at six months were age and smoking, as at three months, probably reflecting their effect on peak antibody titers. However, the only factor significantly associated with the attenuation in Ab titers from three to six months was sex, which reduced the sex difference seen during the first three months. Antibody titers may be affected by different factors at different time points.
Motion Responses of a Berthed Tank under Resonance Coupling Effect of Internal Sloshing and Gap Flow
Authors: Wang Tengxiao , Jin Heng , Lou Mengfan , Wang Xinyu , Liu Yi
Published: December 2021

The growth of global energy transportation has promoted the rapid increase of large-scale LNG (liquefied natural gas) carriers, and concerns around the safety of LNG ships has attracted significant attention. Such a floating structure is affected by the external wave excitation and internal liquid sloshing. The interaction between the structure’s motion and the internal sloshing under wave actions may lead to the ship experiencing an unexpected accident. In this research, a hydrodynamic experiment is conducted to investigate the motion responses of a floating tank mooring, both close to and away from a dock. The resonance coupling effect of the internal sloshing and gap flow on the tank’s motion is considered. Based on the measured motion trajectory of the floating tank, the stability and safety of the floating tank are estimated. The results show that the sloshing resonance and narrow gap resonance are beneficial to the stability of the ship. This is helpful for controlling the motion of a berthed ship under wave action with a reasonable selection of the gap distance and the liquid level.
Light or Dark Greywater for Water Reuse? Economic Assessment of On-Site Greywater Treatment Systems in Rural Areas
Authors: Leiva Eduardo , Rodríguez Carolina , Sánchez Rafael , Serrano Jennyfer
Published: December 2021

Water scarcity is causing a great impact on the population. Rural areas are most affected by often lacking a stable water supply, being more susceptible to the impact of drought events, and with greater risk of contamination due to the lack of appropriate water treatment systems. Decentralized greywater treatment systems for water reuse in rural areas can be a powerful alternative to alleviate these impacts. However, the economic feasibility of these systems must be thoroughly evaluated. This study reports an economic analysis carried out on the viability of greywater reuse considering scenarios with light greywater or dark greywater to be treated. For this, data obtained from the assembly and monitoring of greywater treatment systems located in the north-central zone of Chile, supplemented with data obtained from the literature were used. The results showed that both scenarios are not economically viable, since the investment and operating costs are not amortized by the savings in water. In both evaluated cases (public schools), the economic indicators were less negative when treating light greywater compared with the sum of light greywater and dark greywater as the inlet water to be treated. The investment and operating costs restrict the implementation of these water reuse systems, since in the evaluation period (20 years) a return on the initial investment is not achieved. Even so, our results suggest that the best alternative to reuse greywater in small-scale decentralized systems is to treat light greywater, but it is necessary to consider a state subsidy that not only supports capital costs but also reduces operating and maintenance costs. These findings support the idea that the type of water to be treated is a factor to consider in the implementation of decentralized greywater treatment systems for the reuse of water in rural areas and can help decision-making on the design and configuration of these systems.
Assessment of Water Quality Based on Trophic Status and Nutrients-Chlorophyll Empirical Models of Different Elevation Reservoirs
Authors: Mamun Md , Atique Usman , An Kwang-Guk
Published: December 2021

Water quality degradation is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in reservoirs around the world and makes the trophic status assessment of reservoirs essential for their restoration and sustainable use. The main aims of this study were to determine the spatial variations in water quality and trophic state of 204 South Korean reservoirs at different altitude levels. The results demonstrated mean total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), total suspended solids (TSS), organic matter indicators (chemical oxygen demand: COD; total organic carbon: TOC), water temperature (WT), and electrical conductivity (EC) remain consistently higher in the very lowland reservoirs (VLLR) than those in other altitudes, due to sedimentary or alluvial watersheds. The average TP and CHL-a levels in VLLR crossed the limit of the eutrophic water, symptomizing a moderate risk of cyanobacterial blooms. Empirical models were developed to identify critical variables controlling algal biomass and water clarity in reservoirs. The empirical analyses of all reservoir categories illustrated TP as a better predictor of CHL-a (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01) than TN (R2 = 0.02, p < 0.05) as well as showed strong P-limitation based on TN:TP ratios. The algal productivity of VLLR (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01) was limited by phosphorus, while highland reservoirs (HLR) were phosphorus (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.03) and light-limited (R2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). However, TSS showed a highly significant influence on water clarity compared to TP and algal CHL-a in all reservoirs. TP and TSS explained 47% and 34% of the variance in non-algal turbidity (NAT) in HLR. In contrast, the TP and TSS variances were 18% and 29% in midland reservoirs (MLR) and 32% and 20% in LLR. The trophic state index (TSI) of selected reservoirs varied between mesotrophic to eutrophic states as per TSI (TP), TSI (CHL-a), and TSI (SD). Mean TSI (CHL-a) indicated all reservoirs as eutrophic. Trophic state index deviation (TSID) assessment also complemented the phosphorus limitation characterized by the blue-green algae (BGA) domination in all reservoirs. Overall, reservoirs at varying altitudes reflect the multiplying impacts of anthropogenic factors on water quality, which can provide valuable insights into reservoir water quality management.
Characteristics of Beaver Ponds and Landforms Induced by Beaver Activity, S Part of the Tuchola Pinewoods, Poland
Authors: Rurek Mirosław
Published: December 2021

Currently, there are only two species of beavers described—the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber). Their natural habitats are confined to the northern hemisphere but instances of beaver introduction to regions of the world they do not normally inhabit have also been recorded. The activity of beavers leads to changes in the natural environment linked to hydrological and geomorphological and plant cover transformations. Beavers live in natural and artificial water reservoirs and rivers. If the water level in the river is too low, they build dams to create a comfortable living environment. This paper aims to present changes in the relief of the valley inhabited by beavers in which sediments accumulate. During the field study, detailed measurements of dams and of the spatial range of beaver ponds were made, and the thickness and spatial distribution of accumulated sediments were determined. In addition, measurements of geomorphological forms in beaver ponds were also made. The samples of sediments were subject to grain-size distribution analysis, the results of which allowed calculating sediment parameters. Beavers appeared in the Gajdówka valley in the southern part of the Tuchola Forest (Poland) in 2008. In 2008–2011 they built 17 beaver dams that impounded ponds. The beaver ponds and beaver dams were of different sizes. They either flooded the whole flat bottom of the valley or only raised the level of water in the riverbed. A characteristic feature of beaver ponds is that they capture sediments. Different landforms were created in the course of the formation and disappearance of beaver ponds. It was established that these include alluvial fans, levees, sand shadow dunes and microterraces formed by deposition and erosion. They do not occur in all ponds. Points at which mineral sediments are supplied to the watercourse, including beaver burrows and erosion hollows, are presented together with the points at which sediments are transferred from ponds upstream to ponds downstream the watercourse. Beaver activity during valley colonization shows changes in the landscape caused by their presence and in particular their impact on the relief and deposition of sediments. Analysis of contemporary changes in the morphology of the Gajdówka Valley leads to the conclusion that beaver activity has had an intense impact on the terrain relief of the valley inhabited by beavers.
From Ecophany to Burnout? An Anthropologist’s Reflections on Two Years of Participating in Council-Citizen Climate Governance in Eastbourne
Authors: von Hellermann Pauline
Published: December 2021

In July 2019, Eastbourne Borough Council declared a climate emergency and committed to making Eastbourne carbon neutral by 2030. In order to achieve this, citizens together with Council created a unique model of council-citizen collaborative climate governance, the Eastbourne Eco Action Network (EAN). EAN’s main strategy has been the setting up of targeted working groups, each bringing together Councillors, engaged citizens and providers, and each tackling a specific area of climate action through a combination of infrastructure, institutional and behavioural changes. As an environmental anthropologist living in Eastbourne, I was involved in this process right from the beginning, having had my own ‘ecophany’—the realisation that the climate emergency required urgent action—in February 2019. Two years and one pandemic later, in this paper I reflect on the overall experiences and challenges of EAN’s and Eastbourne Borough Council’s work towards town-wide carbon neutrality to date, discussing possible factors (structural and other) determining varying successes and failures. At the same time, this paper provides an auto-ethnographic account of what ‘engaged anthropology’ means in practice, mapping out the real contributions anthropologists can and should make in local climate action, but also reflecting on challenges encountered along the way.
SUICÍDIO E PANDEMIA COVID-19 – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Seabra Fernanda Póvoa , Silva Jonathan Tavares da , Silva Suellen Souza da , Ferro Frederico Augusto Rocha
Published: December 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 impactou significativamente a saúde mental de muitos indivíduos, principalmente das pessoas que contraíram o vírus, causando diversos problemas de saúde e comportamental. Dentre as consequências da pandemia está a tentativa de suicídio, que vem acontecendo desde os primeiros momentos do distanciamento social. Este estudo foi uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. A busca dos estudos foi pelo acesso online, como resultado foram selecionados 13 artigos, que mostraram que durante uma pandemia o risco de suicídio é exacerbado. Dentre os possíveis fatores de risco para o suicídio em momentos de pandemia, destaca-se a discriminação que muitos doentes sofrem, além da questão financeira. Diante desse contexto preocupante profissionais de saúde alertam sobre a importância de estratégias para acompanhamento e tratamento de populações vulneráveis emocionalmente, assim como ações de prevenção ao suicídio.
Subjective and intuitive decision-making by managers
Authors: Morozov V.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the characteristics of the mechanisms of managerial judgments and intuition. It is considered how: intuition and judgments are based on extensive experience and knowledge; they can be understood from the point of view of signal recognition and subsequent recall of relevant experiences from memory. It is shown that intuition and judgment are an analysis that is fixated on the ability to react quickly through recognition. Some pathologies that are often found in managerial behavior, caused by emotions and stress, as well as the lack of appropriate habits, are revealed. In conclusion, it is suggested that managers include the «future» in the managerial «style» or habit.
The role and place of personnel management in the management system of the organization
Authors: Avramchuk L.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the approaches of modern researchers to the study of personnel management system. It is difficult to disagree with the fact that in many organizations the system of work with personnel, namely the structure of professional and job promotion of employees in accordance with their business and personal merits, qualitative composition and level of wages of employees do not meet the objectives of the formation of personnel policy. Correctly developed strategy of personnel management will help to eliminate the problem.
Uzasadniona potrzeba czy histeryczny strach przed terroryzmem na przykładzie unijnych rozwiązań utrudniających dostęp do broni palnej
Authors: Dziubek Ireneusz , Pawlaczyk Bogumiła
Published: December 2021

The Paris events recorded in November 2015 once again made people realize that Europe may also be the area of influence of contemporary terrorism. Individual countries and international organizations look for solutions that will improve security and thus reduce the risk of other attacks. One of the ways to reduce the potential risk of acts of terror is the imposition of restrictive regulations by the European Union regarding access to firearms and the sale of firearms. The article identifies contemporary terrorism as one of the most serious threats to international security. It presents and analyses formal, legal, and institutional solutions used in the fight against the phenomenon of terrorism. First, the analysis focuses on the solutions ap-plied by countries belonging to the United Nations Organization (UNO), and then the regula-tions adopted by the European Union. The rules governing the access to firearms by EU citi-zens, as well as the rules regarding the trade in firearms in the territory of the EU and the impact of these solutions on reducing the risk of terrorist attack, were analysed in detail.
Koncepcja rozwiązania modelowego dla systemu bezpieczeństwa publicznego dużej aglomeracji miejskiej
Authors: Rycaj-Pilipczuk Anna
Published: December 2021

The subject of this study is to present the concept of a model solution for the public security system of monocentric and polycentric agglomeration. Taking into account the security conditions of a large urban agglomeration, one universal scheme of police organization has been adopted. Its func-tioning on the basis of specific forms and methods to some extent limits the autonomy of police chiefs in shaping safety in accordance with the specificity and internal social and organizational conditions of the agglomeration. Among the available research methods, the participatory observation method was used in particular. Nevertheless, the basic scientific method for obtaining empirical data was a diagnostic survey. Furthermore, the article presents the opinion of police officers on the transfer of solutions from the Warsaw agglomeration to other agglomerations in Poland. The author’s conceptual proposal of a model solution for the public safety system of a large urban agglomeration was presented.
Análise da educação integral no Brasil e da política educação integral das Escolas de Referência (EREM) de Pernambuco como uma proposta para o Ensino Médio
Authors: Lima Serafim Josefa Rita de Cássia , V. Modenesi Thiago
Published: December 2021

A desigualdade educacional no Brasil é histórica, é urgente buscar novas experiência para diminuir a distância entre Educação Básica, as consequências das estruturas sociais e a reprodução no sistema educacional. Explicitar a concepção de educação integral em Pernambuco nessa última década 2008-1018, é uma estratégia importante de inovação para o Ensino Médio. O artigo traz impactos de mudanças sociais pelo acesso e à permanência do jovem à essas escolas, o que não ocorreu com os Pioneiros da educação. Em Pernambuco, as Escolas de Referências Ensino Médio-EREM, respaldam-se na Filosofia da Aprendizagem, Protagonismo, Projeto de Vida, dialogam com evidências teóricas de várias gestões governamentais, dos Pioneiros, Cieps, PRONAICA, ProEMI às EREM. A discussão educacional reflete as intenções implícitas às teorias do projeto de educação/sociedade implementado à conjuntura política. Advoga-se desmistificar o conceito subjacente à proposta, aferir a expectativa na formação cidadã, por uma escola com princípios democráticos efetivos, reflitam suas práticas e promovam a aprendizagem no chão da escola. Enfim, que a educação seja uma política de estado e não apenas uma política de governo.

Palavras-Chave: Ensino Médio. Educação Integral de Pernambuco. Protagonismo. Educação Básica. Pioneiros.
Fırtına Vadisi Meydanköy Şimşir Ormanı Arazi Karakteristiklerinin CBS Yardımıyla Tespiti ve Ekolojik Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YÜKSEK Turan , ÖZÇELİK Ali Erdem , VEREP Bülent
Published: December 2021

Hızlı sanayileşme, değişim ve aşırı tüketim çok ciddi çevresel sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Artan çevre sorunları ormanlık alanlar ve hassas ekosistemler üzerinde yerel veya küresel ölçekte ciddi riskler ve sorunların oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, dünya genelinde 200 önemli ekolojik bölgeden biri olarak tanımlanan Kuzeydoğu Anadolu coğrafyası içerisinde yer alan Fırtına vadisi Meydanköy şimşir ormanlarının arazi ve çevre karakteristikleri tespit edilmesi ve şimşir orman ekosistemi ile arasındaki etkileşimin ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırma alanı arazi karakteristiklerine (eğim, yükselti, anakaya, meşcere karakteristikleri, drenaj ağı, vb) ait verilerin analizleri Google Earth Pro ve ArcGIS 10.5 yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma alanı Fırtına vadisi içerisinde Çamlıhemşin ilçe merkezine 20 km uzaklıkta, yaklaşık alanının 3.70 ha olduğu ve şimşir ekosisteminin tamamının 1. Derece sit alanı içinde olduğu, bu alanın yaklaşık %75-80 arasındaki bölümünün ise Kaçkar Dağları Milli Parkı içerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma alanı arazisinin vadi tabanında ve yaklaşık %75’inin gölgeli bakılara üzerinde olduğu ve şimşir ekosisteminin tam ortasına trafik yoğunluğu oldukça fazla olan bir yolun geçtiği tespit edilmiştir. Koruma kullanma prensibine uygun ve bazı kısıtlarını içere alan kullanım ve yönetim modelinin oluşturulması, ekosistem içindeki bazı kızılağaçların alandan çıkarılması, alan içinden geçen yol güzergahının değiştirilerek alan dışına çıkarılması Şimşir ekosisteminin sağlığının artırılması ve sürdürülebilir yönetimi için yararlı olabilir.
Greenhouse temperature control based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Esquivel-Salas Abraham , Castañeda-Delgado Jaime , Salas-Guzmán Manuel Ignacio , Arredondo-Salcedo Daniel
Published: December 2021

There is a close relationship between crop growth and the control of environmental variables, as well as irrigation and fertilizers supplied. This article presents a system for collecting a greenhouse temperature, capable of acting in the opening or closing window system as a regulator of this environmental variable. Controlling the temperature acting on the opening or closing of the windows is convenient, since it does not require additional fuel, resulting in an economical alternative. Regarding control algorithm, Fuzzy Logic was used as a correction temperature technique. The proposal can be a good option for greenhouses that are not automated yet, saving costs by moving from human-assisted monitoring to automatic temperature monitoring.
Active disturbance rejection control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine applications
Authors: Aguilar-Orduña Mario Andrés , Sira-Ramírez Hebertt José
Published: December 2021

With sight on maximizing the amount of energy that can be extracted, by a wind turbine, from the wind, this article solves the maximum power point tracking problem for a permanent magnet synchronous generator-based horizontal wind turbine connected to the electrical grid. A three-phase back-to-back converter, which allows a decoupling between the electrical grid and the generator, is employed as an interphase between the wind turbine and the utility grid. Based on the mathematical model in the synchronous reference frame and taking advantage of the differential flatness property the system exhibits, controllers based on the active disturbance rejection methodology are designed, in this work, to track the curve of maximum extracted power from the wind and manage the generated electricity into the grid. At the same time, the phase angle of the electricity generated is synchronized with the phase angle of the electrical grid. Numerical simulations are performed to support the controllers presented in this work.
Aspek Hukum Persetujuan Tindakan Medis (Informed Consent) Dalam Penerapan Teknik Operasi Bedah Jantung
Authors: Filia Mutia
Published: December 2021

Persetujuan tindakan medis ( inform consent ) dalam pelayanan kesehatan merupakan suatu hal yang wajib dilakukan oleh dokter terhadap pasien ditinjau dari aspek hukumnya. Penerapan teknik operasi bedah jantung yang saat ini semakin berkembang memerlukan suatu pernjanjian terapeutik antara dokter dan pasien dikarenakan tingginya resiko operasi jantung tersebut. Untuk itu perlu diperhatikan dalam implementasinya persetujuan tindakan medis itu. Jadi untuk diperhatikan pula hambatan dan solusi mengatasi dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien, sehingga terdapat adanya perlindungan hukum baik bagi dokter maupun pasien.
Makna Wadah Tunggal Organisasi Profesi Advokat Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 Tentang Advokat
Authors: Sudarmono
Published: December 2021

Pasal 28 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Advokat menjelaskan Organisasi Advokat merupakan satu-satunya wadah profesi Advokat yang bebas dan mandiri yang dibentuk sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Advokat dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas profesi advokat. Artinya bahwa hanya ada satu organisasi tunggal profesi advokat setelah Undang-Undang Advokat diberlakukan,  dengan ketentuan bahwa dalam Pasal 32 ayat (4) paling lama dalam jangka waktu 2 tahun sudah terbentuk satu organisasi tunggal profesi advokat. Dalam kenyataannya sekarang ini terdapat 2 organisai advokat, yang menyatakan sebagai organisasi advokat sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Advokat. Untuk itu perlu diketahui bagaimanakah bentuk dari makna wadah tunggal organisasi profesi advokat yang sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 Tentang Advokat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk menguji penerapan kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif yang berlaku. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach), pendekatan ini beranjak dari pandangan-pandangan dan doktrin-doktrin yang berkembang di dalam ilmu hukum. Untuk memenuhi tenggang waktu tentang pembentukan wadah tunggal organisasi advokat, maka pada tanggal 21 Desember 2004 berdirilah Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia oleh 8 (delapan) organisasi yang disebutkan di dalam Pasal 32 Ayat (3). Berdirinya Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia dianggap belum memenuhi syarat seperti yang di amanatkan Undang-Undang Advokat oleh sebagian Advokat yang tergabung di dalamnya. Ketidakpuasan terhadap Perhimpunan Advokat Indonesia, akhirnya di tumpahkan dalam bentuk Kongres Advokat Indonesia. Kini organisasi profesi Advokat Indonesia terpecah-pecah.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA MENYEBARKAN INFORMASI YANG MENIMBULKAN RASA KEBENCIAN KEPADA SUKU BATAK (TINJAUAN KASUS NOMOR 2429/PID.SUS/2018/PN.MDN)
Authors: Manurung Aprilia , Banurea Yohanes Saputra , Brahmana Herman
Published: December 2021

SARA merupakan hal yang sangat sensitif di kalangan individu atau kelompok masyarakat, yang dapat menimbulkan konflik yang menimbulkan perpecahan, khususnya di Indonesia yang terkait dengan konflik SARA. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif yang didasarkan pada bahan hukum utama asas-asas hukum yaitu yang berkaitan dengan hukum. Dan sifat penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif, dimana penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindakan yang kejahatan informasi yang tidak benar sehingga menimbulkan rasa kebencian kepada suku Batak baik yang dilakukan terhadap individu atau kelompok tertentu. masyarakat. Dalam kasus ini terdakwa terbukti bersalah dan melakukan penyebaran penyebaran informasi palsu di media sosial.
PEMINJAMAN DANA SECARA ONLINE DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Hartanto Hartanto
Published: December 2021

Di era modern ini, masyarakat hidup dengan segala macam aktivitas yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kemajuan teknologi. Dampak dari perkembangan teknologi dengan munculnya inovasi baru dalam hal transaksi ekonomi, salah satunya munculnya bisnis dibidang keuagnan berbasis teknologi atau yang biasa disebut  finansial teknologi (Fintech). Munculnya perusahaan atau lembaga keuangan dalam layanan pinjam minjaman uang berbasis teknologi informasi atau financial teknology semakin mendapatkan perhatian publik dan pengaturan, yaitu Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Bank Indonesia (BI). Hal ini dinyatakan dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Kurangnya edukasi oleh masyarakat mengakibatkan kerugian dipihak konsumen/ masyarakat.Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitain yang bersifat normatif. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai studi dokumen pustaka, kemudian analisis permasalahan yang berfokus dan merujuk pada norma, kaidah, asas-asas hukum yang ada. Data tersebut diperoleh dari diskusi dan kajian serta dari informasi media elektronik yang membahas fokus permasalahan dalam penelitian ini.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan kurangnya regulasi dari pemerintah maupun otoritas, sehingga mengakibatkan perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen menjadi tidak jelas. Pemerintah terutama OJK seharusnya segera melakukan revisi terhadap peraturan dan menambahkan regulasi terkait layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi, agar perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dapat ditegakkan dan menjamin kesejahteraan rakyat.
PROBLEMA HUKUM SEPUTAR TUNJANGAN HARI RAYA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Hanifah Ida , Koto Ismail
Published: December 2021

Terbitnya peraturan menteri tenaga kerja nomor 6 tahun 2016 sebagai peraturan terbaru terkait Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan bagi pekerja sudah mengalami perbaikan-perbaikan baikan yang dapat melindungi hak pekerja untuk mendapatkan Tunjangan Hari Raya Kea-gamaannya, namun apabila diteliti pada bagian sanksi terlihat bahwa sanksi berupa pidana denda kurang jelas dalam memberikan pengaturan apabila pengusaha tersebut nekat atau tetap tidak mau membayar Tunjangan Hari Raya kepada pekerja. Apabila melihat pada hu-kum pidana, pidana denda dibarengi dengan pidana kurungan dengan catatan apabila denda tersebut tidak dibayar maka diganti dengan pidana kurungan. Akibat tidak diaturnya atau dihapusnya sanksi pidana kurungan yang sebelumnya diatur dalam peraturan yang lama ini menjadi kekosongan norma bagi peraturan yang baru, sehingga dengan kekosongan norma ini perlu mendapat kajian apakah sanksi-sanksi yang ada dalam peraturan yang baru tersebut dapat berlaku efektif dalam penegakannya guna melindungi hak pekerja.Prosedur yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini berupa dokumentasi yaitu pedoman yang digunakan berupa catatan atau kutipan, pencarian literatur hukum, buku dan lain-lain yang berkaitan dengan identifikasi masalah dalam penelitian ini secara offline maupun online. Analisis bahan hukum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi (centent analysis method) yang dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan materi peristiwa hukum atau produk hukum secara detail guna memudahkan interpretasi dalam pembahasan.Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia Nomor M/6/Hk.04/Iv/2021 Tentang Pelaksanaan Pemberian Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan Tahun 2021 Bagi Pekerja/Buruh Di Perusahaan Pemberian Tunjangan Hari Raya (THR) Keagamaan bagi pekerja/buruh merupakan upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pekerja/buruh dan keluarganya dalam merayakan hari raya keagamaan Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan dan Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tentang Tunjangan Hari Raya Keagamaan bagi Pekerja/Buruh di Perusahaan, pemberian THR Keagamaan merupakan kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pengusaha kepada pekerja/buruh. Pembayaran THR Keagamaan sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 36 Tahun 2021 dan Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 6 Tahun 2016 tersebut dilaksanakan dengan memperhatikan beberapa hal
Workplace Interventions Aimed to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garipova FG , Khabibullina AR , Aleksandrova EA
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the workplace can have a considerable effect on reducing human and labor losses.
Objective: To summarize and to systematize the results of academic studies on workplace interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic review of academic studies published in English and Russian and uploaded to PubMed и Web of Science. We selected 41 studies containing empirical assessments of the effectiveness of both short-term and long-term prevention programmes in the workplace and grouped them by intervention types.
Results: Education programmes have controversial signs of a cardiovascular risk preventive effect associated with blood and
weight parameters. Comprehensive programmes aimed to form a healthy lifestyle show similar results, whereas the programmes aimed to increase physical activity of employees proved their effectiveness in reducing the risk of cardiovascular
diseases through normalizing the body weight, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels; yet, these results had only a short-term effect. Ergonomics-related interventions and shift rotation failed to demonstrate strong
evidence of the potential to lower the risk of heart diseases.
Conclusion: Understanding the effectiveness of prevention programs will help employers and governments to identify necessary interventions to reduce losses related to cardiovascular diseases and to make the right health and social protection
decisions.
Assessment of the Development of Fine Motor Skills, Balance Function and Static Kinetic Stability in Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Khramtsov PI , Berezina NO , Kurgansky AM
Published: December 2021

Background: Assessment of the development of fine motor skills (FMS), static balance (SB), and static kinetic stability (SKS) in elementary schoolchildren reflects the extent of their school readiness.
Objective: To evaluate the development of children at the initial stage of systematic learning.
Materials and methods: Fine motor skill tests were conducted in 117 children using a modified “Little House” technique; static balance was tested in 150 children using the stork pose balance test, and static kinetic stability was tested in 147 children by
analyzing stability of the body standing while rotating around the vertical axis.
Results: We established that fine motor skills were age appropriate in only 19.0 % (95 % CI: 8.9–29.1 %) of first and 17.0 % (95 % CI: 7.4–26.5 %) of second-year pupils. Low static kinetic stability was observed in 37.5 % (95 % CI: 25.6–49.4 %) of first graders and 38.8 % (95 % CI: 30.9–46.7 %) of second graders. The level of static balance was below the average in 65.7 % (95 % CI: 54.3–77.0 %) of first graders and 37.3 % (95 % CI: 26.9–47.8 %) of second graders. Developmental delays in FMS, SB and SKS were 1.2–3.9 times more frequent in boys than in girls.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the development of FMS, SKS and SB in contemporary elementary schoolchildren is below the average level. The results may become the basis for elaboration of appropriate preventive programs and technologies in order to improve school readiness in children.
Development of Telemedicine in Russia: A Consumer View
Authors: Pokida AN , Zybunovskaya NV
Published: December 2021

Introduction: One of the most significant trends in the global and Russian healthcare system is its digitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic has only given more importance and accelerated this process. The worldwide demand for telemedicine services
has grown considerably. Yet, among Russian citizens e-health is not very popular. Besides, the use of telehealth gives rise to controversial issues as to the boundaries of its application.
Objective: To analyze the attitude of various socio-demographic groups of Russian people to telemedicine and perspectives on its use.
Methods: The article is based on the results of a sociological study aimed to establish the attitude of citizens to telemedicine.
In order to obtain empirical information, an all-Russian sociological survey of the population representing various socio-demographic groups was carried out in April 2021. The survey method was a formalized personal interview at the place of residence of the respondents.
Results: The study showed that few respondents had ever made use of telemedicine opportunities so far. At the same time, the low level of e-health use was accompanied by a very restrained attitude of the respondents to practicing it in the future.
Conclusion: According to the data obtained, having a higher level of education allows citizens to integrate much more easily into innovative projects, including those in the digital space. Personal experience of using digital (e-health) technologies determines a more loyal attitude and greater interest of consumers to its potential use. The attractiveness of telemedicine opportunities is mostly attributed to complicated formal administrative procedures of obtaining medical certificates, referrals, and
sick leaves offline. However, Russians are still wary of the possibilities of having the first consultation or monitoring their well-being and condition during the online treatment process. The majority of the respondents did not accept the diagnosis
and the choice of treatment by means of telecommunications
Peran Guru Bimbel Dalam Pendidikan Karakter Anak Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Kampungbaru, Tanjunganom, Nganjuk
Authors: Virgianti Sulih Lucky , Surur Agus Miftakus , Subandono Agus
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini mengusung judul tentang “Peran Guru dalam Pendidikan Karakter Anak pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Kampungbaru, Tanjunganom, Nganjuk”. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yakni dapat mengembangkan serta menanamkan pendidikan karakter kepada anak yakng saat ini semakin hari semakin memudar karena terkikis oleh peradapan zaman yang samakin maju. Penanaman pendidikan karakter kepada anak diharapkan untuk dapat mengembangkan nilai-nilai yang positif dan dapat membentuk kepribadian anak menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendeketan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian Asset Based Community Development (ABCD). Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini ditemukan bahwasanya perilaku atau tindakan yang dilakukan secara terus menerus dan dilakukan secara berulang-ulang akan menghasilkan hasil yang baik. Pendidikan karakter yang dilakukan oleh guru bimbel “Smart House”memberikan hasil yang baik untuk membentuk kepribadian anak secara permanen.

This research carries the title about “The Role of Teachers in Children's Character Education During the Pandemic Covid-19 in the Village Kampungbaru, Tanjunganom, Nagnjuk”. This study aims to be able to develop and instill character education in children who are currently fading due to being eroded by an increasingly advanced civilization. Instilling character education in children is expected to be able to develop positive values ​​and can shape the child's personality for the better. This study uses a qualitative approach with research methods Asset Based Community Development (ABCD). In the implementation of this research, it was found that behavior or actions that are carried out continuously and are carried out repeatedly will produce good results. Character education is carried out by tutors “Smart House” give good results to shape the child's personality permanently.
Selective approaches to regulation of long-term migration in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lampadova Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The number of foreign citizens that a country can admit without negative consequences for its economy in general and its labor market in particular, as well as for the socio-political situation, is limited and individual for each country. In this regard, states legislations in addition to the existing conditions set quotas. The purpose of the quota is to quantitatively limit the influx of foreign nationals into a country based on its socio-economic needs and capabilities in a given period. The quota is spent in order of priority without any differentiation and is a restrictive rather than a selection mechanism for ensuring a state’s migration policy.

Most often, the selection approach is mentioned in the legislations regulating labor and, in the first place, skilled migration. Only in the context of this subspecies of migration, it is possible to talk of the inequality of candidates based on the different levels of their professional competence and capacity for adaptation to the host country social environment. In the context of skilled labor migration, the role of education, work experience and the ability to communicate freely in the host state language increase significantly. This type of migration is voluntary and aims at mutual satisfaction of the needs of a state in strengthening its economy with highly professional labor force and the needs of foreign citizens in getting the best conditions for realizing their potential. The laws of the market economy shape it. A state possessing the «demand» must, in order to best ensure its own socio-economic needs, build an effective system of evaluation of the «supply» by foreign citizens.
Local self-government as a constitutional value: from the origins to the current state
Authors: Kozhevnikov Oleg
Published: December 2021

July 6, 2021 dates 30 years since the appearance of the first law on local self-government in the modern history of Russia. Over the past period, the Russian state and the Russian legal system have undergone a difficult path to modernization of the legislation on local self-government and its approbation to actual reality. During this historical period, Russian Federation adopted the Constitution, the text of which was significantly transformed in 2020; local self-government, in addition to the mentioned law of 1991, incorporated all the «joys and hardships» from the federal laws «On General Principles of the organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation» of 1995 and 2003.

This article presents a comparative legal analysis of certain provisions of federal laws on local selfgovernment, which have been regulating for 30 years at the level of the federal legislator the issues of local self-government in the Russian Federation as one of the fundamental constitutional values of modern democratic states. The author makes a disappointing conclusion that the named constitutional value has been significantly changed both in form and content over the past historical period of the development of the Russian statehood. This predetermined the situation of «crisis» of the current state of local self-government in the Russian Federation and the possibility of its «dissolution» with the emergence of a constitutional category «a unified system of public power».