bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbanization Impact on Avifauna Population and its Status in Gulbarga City, Karnataka, India
Authors: Ramesh Mala , Nijagunappa R. , Manjunath K.
Published: October 2022

The avifauna of Gulbarga city was studied for a period of one year. Gulbarga city has got one reservoirs in the heart of the city, the Shree Sharnabasveshwar Lake. The city has well protected by greenery, Gulbarga University Campus, Kapnoor (Industrial area). During the study of three different transects lines, 30 plants species and 42 birds species were observed, in which 35 are resident species, 6 winter migrant and 1 summer migrant respectively. Highest population of Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) and Blue Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) was recorded in this study. The visitors include White-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus), Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) which are found in the study area. According to status of birds maximum (average) numbers of birds were found in highly urbanized area when compared to industrial area, but species wise variation was high in low urbanized compared to that of highly urbanized area.
Avifaunal Diversity in Two Residential Localities of Kolkata, India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ramyani , Ghoshal Sudeshna
Published: October 2022

Avifauna in two different residential localities of Kolkata viz. Cossipore of North Kolkata and Dhakuria of South Kolkata was done in twelve months period from December, 2013 – November, 2014 to get some idea about the present avian diversity of the city. Total forty eight species of birds belonging to twenty five families were identified from the two sites and recorded along with their abundance in this study. Fluctuations in abundance of bird fauna between the study areas were also recorded which may be attributed to the loss of proper habitat for foraging and nesting due to continuous urbanization and increased pollution rates.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Rice Straw Extract
Authors: Elzaawely Abdelnaser Abdelghany , Maswada Hanafey F. , El-Sayed M.E.A. , Ahmed Mohamed E.
Published: October 2022

Agricultural wastes cause a serious environmental problem in Egypt. Utilization of these wastes by an environmentally friendly way is a very important issue. The objective of this study was to utilize rice straw into high-value products. Antioxidant activity, total soluble phenols, and flavonoids were evaluated in ethyl acetate extract prepared from rice straw after alkaline hydrolysis. Total phenols were found to be 221.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE), while total flavonoids were 4.9 mg rutin equivalents (RE). The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and its IC50 value was 0.4 mg/ml. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract possessed high antioxidant activity assayed by β-carotene bleaching method and its value of lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) was 75.4%. It also exhibited high reducing power and its IC50 value was equal to 0.06 mg/ml. HPLC analysis indicated that this extract contained seven phenolic acids including; protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, rosmarinic and cinnamic, in addition to two flavonoids; qurecetin and kaempferol. Results indicated that ferulic and p-coumaric acids were the major soluble phenolic acids in rice straw, and their concentrations were 3.9 and 2.9 mg/g DW. It can be summarized that the strong antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract, prepared from rice straw, was highly correlated with its high level of phenolic compounds.
Antimicrobial Properties of 6-Bromoeugenol and Eugenol
Authors: Mahboub Radia , Memmou Faiza
Published: October 2022

We have studied the antimicrobial properties of 6-bromoeugenol and eugenol by three strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S1), Escherichia coli (S2) and Staphylococcus aureus (S3). We have determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of concentrations using the disc diffusion method. We note that all samples present an antimicrobial activity toward the tested bacterial strains at different concentrations (1, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/ml). The 6-bromoeugenol gives modest activity with (S1) and (S3). Eugenol reacts positively with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S1) at all concentrations and with the Escherichiacoli (S2) at 0.5 mg/ml. We remark that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S1) is the more sensitive strain than Escherichiacoli (S2) and Staphylococcus aureus (S3). We have estimated the activity coefficient which has confirmed the antimicrobial activity of the different samples. So, 6-bromoeugenol has shown his efficiency as antimicrobial agent.
Floral Morphology and HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae): A Consecrated Tree of India
Authors: Mishra Shanti Bhushan , Vijayakumar M.
Published: October 2022

Pharmacognosy of the flowers of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde has been carried out to lay down standards for the genuine drug Ashoka with the detailed anatomy of various floral appendages. The aim of the present study is to determine the physico-chemical profile, preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis and chemical composition by HPTLC of the medicinally important plant Saraca asoca. These observations would be of immense value in the botanical identification and standardization of the drug in crude form. This study would help distinguish the drug from its other species.
Assessment of Microbial and Heavy Metal Concentration per Distance and Depth at a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Authors: Ogunmodede O.T. , Ojo A.A. , Adebayo O.L.
Published: October 2022

The field study involved 4 sites and 15 samples according to the wind directions: North, East, South and West. The analysis was conducted through the use of Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Ten types of heavy metals were identified as indicators for pollution namely Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd. The results indicated that the concentration of Fe was the most dominant per specific distances and depths and exceeded the minimum standard in North, East and West directions. While Cu was the second most dominant with concentration exceeding minimum standard per specific distance and depth, mainly in the West direction. The results have shown presence of bacterial species including Pseudomonas, Mirococcus, Actinomyces, Neisseria, Bacillus and Klebsiella. These pathogens can infect wounds and cause sepsis and mortality and can even occur with such organisms to cause secondary infection. These groups of organisms are almost impossible to control since they are ubitiquous
Mercury Induced Oxidative Stress of Antioxidants in Clitoria ternatea L.
Authors: Priya M. , Balakrishnan V. , Lakshmi A. Kiruthika , Aruna R. , Ravindran K.C.
Published: October 2022

Biofertilizers are the special formulation of specific beneficial microorganisms that promote the growth of plant crops by converting the unavailable form of nutrients into available form. Here, the effect of heavy metal stress on antioxidant enzymes were studied in Clitoria ternatea L.leaves. Clitoria ternatea L.plant was grown for 30 days and the heavy metal mercuric chloride was sprayed after 10 days from the date of planting. Effect of mercuric chloride was observed in treated plants. The selected plant Clitoria ternatea L. was grown under mercuric chloride treatment in a specified concentration 1 µg/10 ml. The control plant maintained without the treatment of mercuric chloride. Antioxidant effect of mercuric chloride was measured under controlled and treated conditions. The selected plant Clitoria ternatea L.was grown under mercuric chloride in treatment. Further it increases H2O2 content and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were observed in mercuric chloride treated plants when compared with control. Here mercuric chloride was accumulated more in matured leaves. The results are discussed with the literature.
Impact of Natural and Synthetic Plant Stimulants on Moringa Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions
Authors: Batool Sumaira , Khan Shahbaz , Basra Shahzad Ma , Hussain Mumtaz , Saddiq Muhammad Sohail , Iqbal Shahid , Irshad Sohail , Bashir Saqib , Hafeez Muhammad Bilal
Published: October 2022

Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18°C) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. Present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L-1), ascorbic acid (50 mg L-1) and salicylic acid (50 mg L-1). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony. Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area.] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; first round at the seedling age one month and second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
Should I Stay or should I Go? Determinants of Evacuation upon Flood Warning among Households in a Flood Prone Area in Bukidnon, Philippines
Authors: Medina Michael Arieh P. , Moraca Jackielyn M.
Published: October 2022

To identify factors that influence the decision to evacuate upon flood warning by authorities, a study was conducted in a flood prone area in the province of Bukidnon in the Philippines. A survey of flood victims was conducted in Batangan Village, Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines wherein 150 respondents were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis was done to test the socio demographic factors that could influence a family’s decision to either evacuate or stay upon advice by government authorities. College education, presence of children in the home, poverty, and extent of flood experienced were found to significantly influence the decision of the family to evacuate. Based on this information, the study provides recommendations for disaster managers in case of future flood incidence in the area.
Geographical View on Energetic Sources of Climate Northeastern Montenegro
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes energy sources climate northeastern Montenegro, in the example municipalities Berane, Andrijevica and Plav in a geographical context its exploitation and use. Analyzed GeoScape from the standpoint of utilization of wind energy lose their its attractiveness due to high altitude mountain ranges that dominate in given area, it is the windy areas, often the located on slopes of the mountains, and most of them did not connected to the existing road network and infrastructure. The use of solar thermal energy is possible only with the help of passive solar architecture and active solar architecture (solar collectors for water heating and space heating in homes and tourist facilities). Program development and use of renewable energy in Montenegro, given the Energy Law of 2010 in which Montenegro has implemented parts of EU directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of energy from renewable sources.
XRF Analysis of Carica papaya Leaves of Semi Arid Region of Kachchh
Authors: Ram Pravin N. , Ram Vijay , Khatri Taslimahemad T. , Vyas Suhas J. , Dave Pragnesh N.
Published: October 2022

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of leaves of Carica papaya belonging to family Caricaceae growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The leaves of C. papaya were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Oxygen, Calcium, Magnessium, Potassium were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Silicon, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Chloride, Strontium, Stanous, Aluminium, Cromium and Mangenese, whereas the elements which were not detected in leaves of C. papaya are Vanadium, Titanium, Cobalt and Tantalum.
Toxic Effect of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Combined with Cadmium to the Crustacean Daphnia magna
Authors: Revel Messika , Fournier Michel , Gagnon Christian , Robidoux Pierre Yves
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) using the crustacean Daphnia magna. LC50 of Cd and SWCNT alone and combined were calculated and compared. Sorption of Cd on SWCNT was also quantified in separate batch experiments. Results showed that the maximum adsorption of Cd onto SWCNT calculated by the Langmuir equation was 24.4 mg kg-1. LC50s for Cd and SWCNT alone were 252.3 µg L-1 and 1400 µg L-1, respectively. In the presence of 500 and 1000 µg L-1 of SWCNT, Cd LC50s were 127.2 and 120.1 µg L-1 respectively. Therefore, Cd toxicity increased when organisms were exposed to both contaminants which indicated that SWCNT induces a synergistic toxic effect on the survival of D. magna. It appears that even if SWCNT had a low adsorption capacity for Cd, toxicity of the metal can be increased. Our study shows the complexity of SWCNT toxicity and how the understanding of their interactions with other contaminants is crucial to determine the consequences of their release into the environment.
Awareness of Biological Warfare in Nigeria
Authors: Ohiare Aliu Ademoh
Published: October 2022

First let me state categorically that the Republic of Nigeria is completely unprepared to detect, deter or defend against an attack utilizing bioweapons to cripple any of its critical complexes including government, among oil & gas, banking and health services. This lack of capacity of Nigeria biodefense may currently being exploited and probed by interest determined to undermine the unity of the Republic of Nigeria and attack our interest in the region. Science has the potential for creating even more effective and horrific biological weapons. The U.S government should assist Nigeria in establishing a biodefense program in Nigerian university, modeled after biodefense program at George Mason University, which would provide students with a background in the science and technology of biodefense and the specialized areas of threat assessment, on proliferation and medical and public health preparedness.
New Records of Lignicolous Fungi from Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar N. Praveen , Bhavani Jeji , Arya Arun
Published: October 2022

Lignicolous fungi include many wood decay fungi. Studies on molds and decay fungi are necessary to enable us to control their growth on wood and wood products. A survey was undertaken during 2012-2013 to detect the various ligniclous fungi in Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada and Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. In a recent study, lignicolous fungi were collected from living trees and fallen branches from Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada, India. On the basis of occurrence Coriolopsis aspera (Junghuhn) Teng. Fulvifomes nilgheriensis (Montagne) Bondartseva & S. Herrera, Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat., G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karsten, Hexagonia apiaria (Pers.) Fr. Phellinus linteus (Berk. & Curt.) Teng. Trametes cingulata Berk. Hook., T. cotonea (Pat. & Har.) Ryv. T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Schizophyllum commune Fr. were reported from Krishna district for the first time. F. nilgheriensis (Montagne) Bondartseva & S. Herrera is recorded for the first time from India. Even though being preliminary, our results point to the necessity of conservation and protection of recent fungal diversity but, in our opinion, not by making so-called “Red list of endangered species", which, due to the lack of information and very poor evidence on this group of organisms in the region under the consideration, are extremely unreliable and therefore disputable, but rather through the very short list of few not endangered species, conditionally called “White list of not endangered fungal species", if such species recently exist at all
Studying the Post-Operatory and Molecular Modifications in the Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer - The Importance of the Micronutrients and Pancreatic Enzyme Supplementation
Authors: Timofte Daniel , Bintintan Vasile , Munteanu Iulia , Blaj Mihaela , Anton Emil , Ciobica Alin , Surlin Valeriu
Published: October 2022

The pancreatic cancer is a disorder with an exponentially increased incidence, especially over the last few years. Moreover, it is estimated that almost 95% of the patients with this disease are presenting to the hospital in the advanced and unresectable stages. Also, over the past few decades the development and advance of the surgical methods and techniques have improved, with the most of the operatory actions in the chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer being represented by the whipple duodeno-pancreatectomy, which in fact represents the standard resection for tumors of the duodenum, as well as the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater, distal choledocus and the head of the pancreas. Moreover, it is important to mention that in these cases, after an extended resection and reconstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, the digestive physiology will be disrupted. In addition, previous studies have shown that patients can maintain a body mass index after surgery but often this will be lower than its preoperative value. Thus, considering the aforementioned aspects, in the present mini-review we were mainly interested in presenting also the relevance of the micronutrients such as iron, selenium, vitamin D and E, zinc or copper in this complicated area of research, as well as aspects regarding the correlations between immune function and micronutrients or the pancreatic enzyme supplementation.
India’s Initiatives on Environmental Safeguarding - Sustainability
Authors: Mukherjee Mainak , Mondal Surajit
Published: October 2022

The report on sustainability initiatives across key sectors in India is written to highlight the current status of existing initiatives and also the future scope of initiatives that would be taken across key sectors in India. The report will showcase macro level information.The general question in travelling in mind would be why sustainability is growing so much in prominence Quite likely the substitute answer would be to combat the climate change and safeguard the environment.The reason for choosing to write the report on Sustainability would be to increase the prominence of the initiatives that would reach out to various sectors, and hence can benefit the overall Indian sectors as a whole. Since climate change is a global issue, India’s initiatives against climate change in the form of various mitigation and adaptation would count against this climate change as a whole.
Ethnoveterinary Practices in Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Dhanam S. , Elayaraj B.
Published: October 2022

Ayurvedic medicines are considered to be the best systems of treatment in India and this system is spreading now globally. Natural products are also a part of our everyday life. Ethno veterinary medicine is developed by farmers in field and barns rather than and in scientific laboratories. It is less systematic, less formalized and usually transferred by word of mouth rather than writing. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 10 selected sites of Villupuram district. Twenty six plant species belonging to fourteen families were documented in the present study, to cure different diseases in animals. Interviews and detailed personal discussions were conducted with the traditional healers and local people to identify the plants and their medicinal information for six months. The study revealed that the different parts of these plants were used for treatment of different diseases. Leaves are the mostly used part to prepare medicine
Weed Allelochemicals and Possibility for Pest Management
Authors: Xuan Tran Dang , Anh La Hoang , Khang Do Tan , Tuyen Phung Thi , Minh Truong Ngoc , Khanh Tran Dang , Trung Khuat Huu
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Weed interference is a constraint in agricultural practice. The crop-weed interaction has been extensively described in literature, but the weed-weed interaction and their potential usage in crop production have not much been understood. In this paper, the interactions of allelochemicals of the weeds which cause troublesome in crop production and ecosystem against weeds, crops, and pathogens are described.
Principal results: Weed allelochemicals are classified into many chemical classes, and the majority is consisting of phenolics acids, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, long chain fatty acids, lactones, and other volatile compounds. Type of weed allelochemicals and their doses are varied among weed species. Some allelochemicals such as catechin (+/-) have been reported to be responsible for weed invasiveness. Some crops exude germination stimulants to parasitic weeds such as Striga spp. and Orobanche spp. In contrast to their negative impacts on crop production, many weeds can be exploited as promising sources to control harmful insects, fungi, bacteria, and weeds. For instance, Ageratum conyzoides is a destructive weed in crop production, but it exerted excellent insecticidal, antifungal, and herbicidal capacity and promoted citrus productivity in A. conyzoides intercropped citrus orchards.
Major conclusions: In general, weeds compete with crops by chemical pathway by releasing plant growth inhibitors to reduce crop growth. Weed allelochemicals may be successfully exploited for pest and weed controls in an integrated sustainable crop productoiin. Some weed allelochemicals are potent for development of natural pesticides.
Assessment of Antimutagenic Avenue and Wild Plant Diversity on Roadside near Nature Park, Kolkata, India
Authors: Das Subhashis , Banerjee Kushal , Nandy Abantika , Talapatra Soumendra Nath
Published: October 2022

The study of diversity of plants in an urban area is a suitable measure of the terrestrial ecosystem. The study of avenue and wild plants diversity is an important research work, which provides knowledge about naturally occurring chemicals in plants, to protect against mutation, cancer and other diseases. These are commonly called as phytochemicals and the natural chemical ingredients are potent to use in antimutagenicity. The present study aims to understand the occurrence and population nos. of different avenue and wild plants planted or natural on roadside near Nature Park, Kolkata, India. The results clearly indicate that a total population of these plant species are having 282 nos. in the study area. Various literatures clearly revealed that these plants and/or their parts have potent antimutagenic properties by the presence of several phytochemicals. In conclusion, present preliminary research emphasizes an occurrence of antimutagenic avenue and wild plants on roadsides, containing natural chemical ingredients. Previous research works confirmed that toxins or mutagens or carcinogens may cause mutation that leads to cancer. The present study is a preliminary assessment of antimutagenic avenue and wild plant species diversity that have not yet been studied in that particular geographical area. The present study also suggested that avenue and wild plants are suitable for antimutagenic potential along with aesthetical view of human as well as ecosystem support. Therefore, biodiversity study, phytochemicals estimation and conservation of these particular plant species and/or different antimutagenic species in other local area viz. roadsides, parks, forests etc. might be relevant because the plant species can be used for herbal medicine in human healthcare as well as to prevent mutation and cancer.
Docking for Drug Interface Residues of Modelled VPS33B of Human with PtpA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551
Authors: Reddy K. Mohan , Pattathil Merley D. , Jayachandra S.Y. , Parameshwar A. , Sulochana M.B.
Published: October 2022

VPS33B, a human Vacuolar Protein Sorting (VPS) protein which mediates the phagolysosomal fusion in macrophage of the eukaryotic organisms. This protein has a great role during the mycobacterial infections, which binds with the Mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA). A single functional domain of PtpA has been identified using SMART domain databases, followed by finding the antigenicity of PtpA using CLC main workbench tool. The protein-protein interaction network predicts the interface of biological functions of proteins, built by using Cytoscape 2.8.3 version tool for manual literature survey of protein sets. According to the literature the specific interactivity of PtpA with VPS33B of human lead to pathogenesis, and provided a good platform to find the structure of VPS33B as it lacks the 3 dimensional structure in PDB. Homology Modelling of VPS33B provides a significant properties to design a specific drug through screening the drug databases (eDrug3D). The modelled protein has been validated through SAVES server maintained by NIH and UCLA with the standard Ramachandran plot with accuracy of 90.7 %. From our findings the interface residues are very crucial points which has been found through docking the modelled protein and Mycobacterium protein and interface residues were selected manually using PyMol software
Determinations of Minerals in Marine Crab Charybdis lucifera (Fabricius, 1798)
Authors: Stella Irin Kumari A. , Shankar A. Murali , Jaganathan K. , Soundarapandian P.
Published: October 2022

Crab meat is an excellent source of minerals, particularly calcium, iron, zinc, potassium and phosphours. The minerals in the edible parts of muscle of C.lucifera different sexes (male, female and berried female) were determined by digital flame photometer. Totally 11 minerals are reported in the present study. Seven (Sodium> Potassium >Magnesium >Calcium>Manganese> Iron >Zinc) minerals were reported in all sexes. Sodium was maximum (137.55 mg) and zinc was minimum (1.76 mg) in all sexes. Copper, mercury and cadmium were available in trace amount in all sexes. However, arsenic was in trace amount in berried females and totally absent in males and females. Among different sexes, berried females contain maximum amount of minerals (156.24mg) followed by females (121.76 mg) and males (95.5mg).
Study of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Extracts (First Clean-Up Fractions) on Seed Germination Behaviour in Search of Bioactive Fractions for Preparation of Bioherbicide Formulations
Authors: Pati Ujjal Kumar , Chowdhury Ashim
Published: October 2022

Increase in productivity is directly related with increase pesticide consumption. So there is a strong desire to use “greener” chemistry to produce more toxicologically and environmentally benign pesticides and natural products. In this present study, a comparison was made to evaluate the phytotoxicity potential of first cleanup fractions obtained from sequentially extracted solvent (ethyl-acetate, methanol) extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (aerial parts) in vitro through bench-top seed germination assay (Vignaradiata L.). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) were done for statistical analysis of the data. The study reveals that germination, growth and vigour was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by ethyl-acetate and methanol fractions. A significant changes in soluble and insoluble sugar content, protein, amino acid content and cellular metabolic activity was aslo observed by 1F3, 1F4, 1F6, and 1F9 fractions. The present study concluded that phytotoxicity of four fractions (1F3, 1F4, 1F6, and 1F9) from ethylacetate and methanolic crude extracts of Partheniumhysterophorus could be exploited as potential bioherbicide for future weed management programme and the development of bioherbicide for commercial use.
Performance of Young Sheep Fed Maize Bran and Groundnut Hay Supplemented with Sodium Chloride
Authors: Alfa Muhammad , Aliyu Umar , Eze Jude Nwafor , Jiya Elisha Zhiri , Muhammad Isah Gbodo
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to assess the effect of common salt supplementation on the performance of young sheep fed maize bran and ground nut hay as basal diet. It covered a period of 12 weeks. A 3×3 Latin square design was employed in the experiment. The daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were measured during the experimental period. Results showed that the inclusion of common salt at the level of 1.0% of feed had no significant effect on feed intake (p>0.05). There was depressed feed intake as quantity of salt increased from 0.0%, to 0.5% and 1.0%. The best mean average daily weight gain of 43.45%was obtained with the 1.0% treatment. Salt inclusion up to 1.0% level in sheep ration, had no adverse effect on performance, it rather gave a more favorable weight gain and conversion efficiency. These findings are of very practical significance in sheep fattening, especially for farmers in rural setups.
A Study on Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Trunk Decay by Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. from Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Gautam Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2022

A severe white rot decay of a very old mango (Mangifera indica L.) tree trunk was observed form Himachal Pradesh, a hilly state of north India. The initial of decaying symptoms were firstly noticed in 2010 which progressed with destructive tissue death of tree trunk. A spongy, sessile, bracket-fungus was found associated with the decay. Morphological and microscopic examination of the collected specimens confirmed the fungus as Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. Since, P. gilvus is a saprobic fungus having a wide host range worldwide and M. indica is one of the most attacked hosts in India. Therefore, the present report is an important addition to the existing knowledge which will be helpful in understanding the pathogen diversity and interaction with host.
Influence of Varying Rates of Fertilizers on the Performance of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Seedlings in the Nursery
Authors: Famuwagun Idowu Babadele , Oladitan Titilayo O.
Published: October 2022

Effects of application of poultry manure, organo-mineral fertilizer, NPK soil or foliar applied at varying rates on cacao seedlings were studied in the nursery between January-May 2011 and December to April, 2012. Poultry manure at 40, 50 and 60g/plant significantly influenced cacao seedlings height and number of leaves over other treatments. The effect of organo-mineral fertilizer application at 50 and 60g per plant on the number of leaves was also significantly better than NPK soil or foliar applied, starting from 12 weeks after treatment application. The stem girth development under poultry manure at 50 and 60g per plant application had the best performance followed by poultry manure at 40g per plant. There were no significant differences in almost all the treatments at 5 weeks after sowing on seedlings stem girth. NPK has the longest tap root length while poultry manure had the largest average number of lateral roots followed by organo-mineral. The results thereby indicated that the use of poultry manure at 40 to 50g per plant and organo-mineral fertilizer as sources of nutrients had significant effects on cacao seedling quality.
Assessing the Accuracy of the Pixel-Based Algorithms in Classifying the Urban Land Use, Using the Multi Spectral Image of the IKONOS Satellite (Case Study, Uromia City)
Authors: Safaralizade Esmaeel , Husseinzade Robab , Pashazade Gholamhussein , Khosravi Bakhtiar
Published: October 2022

With the development of urbanization and expansion of urban land use, the need to up to date maps, has drawn the attention of the urban planners. With the advancement of the remote sensing technology and accessibility to images with high resolution powers, the classification of these land uses could be executed in different ways. In the current research, different algorithms for classifying the pixel-based were tested on the land use of the city of Urmia, using the multi spectral images of the IKONOS satellite. Here, in this method, the algorithms of the supervised classification of the maximum likelihood, minimum distance to mean and parallel piped were executed on seven land use classes. Results obtained using the error matrix indicated that the algorithm for classifying the maximum likelihood has an overall accuracy of 88/93 % and the Kappa coefficient of 0/86 while for the algorithms of minimum distance to mean and parallel piped , the overall accuracy are 05/79 % and 40/70 % respectively. Also, the accuracy of the producer and that of the user in most land use classes in the method of maximum likelihood are higher compared to the other algorithms.
Responsible Environmental Attitudes as Recipe for Sustainable Environment in Nigeria
Authors: Oladiti Abiodun A. , Kamarise Binta T.
Published: October 2022

Environmental sustainability is currently a topical issue globally. Reason for this might not be unconnected with the need to ensure balancing of environmental protection as well as social responsibility as requisite for healthy environment and economy. Thus, an understanding of the indispensability of environment generally has led to the clarion call for better steward of environment by human beings, bearing in mind the deteriorating state of the environment and its consequences. This study employed a triangulation of instrument in developing responsible attitude towards environment. 72 participants involving artisans, technocrats, farmers, marketers, industrialists, public servants and institutions were drawn across urban and peri-urban areas within four local governments in Oyo, Oyo state, Nigeria. In-depth interviews were conducted among the participants on the extent, effects of human impacts as well as desirability of responsible attitudes to the environment. Data were analyzed through coded description, verbatim reporting, content analysis and categorization of ideas expressed by participants in the IDIs. It was revealed that human beings have impacted on the environment in a number of ways culminating in untold effects on the environment and its components. The need for responsible attitude to environment was therefore suggested as measure towards sustainable environment and development.
Biochemical Constituents in Leaf of Carica papaya - Ethnomedicinal Plant of Kachchh Region
Authors: Vyas Suhas J. , Khatri Taslim T. , Ram Vijay R. , Dave Pragnesh N. , Joshi Hitendra S.
Published: October 2022

Carica papaya Linn. is one of the valuable plant used for various purposes in medicinal field. Leaves, fruit and seeds of the C. papaya are used as ethnomedicine. This work describes biochemical constituents of leaves of C. papaya. Fresh leaves samples of the plant were collected during the month of January, 2013 from different parts of Bhuj in Kachchh district (Gujarat), India. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the biochemical composition in leaves of C. papaya growing in the semi-arid region of Gujarat and based on the result to justify its importance in various treatments of diseases. The dried leaves were further analyzed for biochemical constituents like Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Clˉ and Li+. The results indicated that the leaf extract of C. papaya has high potentiality for curing number of diseases.
Effect of Thyroxin Induction on Enzymatic and Biochemical Levels in Albino Rats
Authors: Hanchinalmath Jayashree V. , Shivasharanappa Kirankumar , Roopa T.S. , Saisundeep Y.
Published: October 2022

The albino Wistar rats were used to investigate the effect of thyroxine administration on the activity of citric acid, α-Amylase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides level in blood serum and citric acid in liver and kidney. Two groups of rats were taken for the experiment. One group was injected subcutaneously with 200 μl of thyroxine/50 g of body weight, the other group served as control. The animals were vivisected with anesthesia after intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours α-Amylase and CPK levels in blood; citric acid level in liver and kidney of control and thyroxine treated rats. The results showed that the α-Amylase activity remained unaltered (100 g/h/l) throughout the experiment. However, citric acid level found to be 460 mg in the liver and 415 mg in kidney of control rats. The values slightly increased to 480 and 680 mg in respective tissues of thyroxine treated animals for 24 hr. The values decreased in 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Further the values found to be increased after 96 hours of treatment. Although the thyroxine treatment altered citric acid, Creatinine, Cholesterol, Triglycerides and CPK levels in the tissues, the serum α-Amylase was not influenced by the thyroxine. The study suggests that the thyroxine acts as a regulator all the above parameters in the cellular level.
Effect Methanolic Extract of Achyranthus aspera on Biochemical Status of Albino Mice
Authors: Reddy Chinnappa V. , Kamble Abhaykumar
Published: October 2022

The effect of administration of Methanolic extract of Achyranthsu asper on biochemical parameter of mice were investigated. This drug induced significant reduction in the cholesterol level and amount of RNA. But significant increase in the amount of glycogen at 25 mg/kg and no significant reduction in the amount of glycogen at 50 mg/kg. This drug also induced increase in the level of alkaline phospatese and decrease in the level of acid phosphatase, protein and DNA, but these changes are statistically not significant. Protein 25 mg shows 4.22 ±0.112 and 50 mg shows 4.05 ±0.085. Cholesterol 25mg shows 0.5 ±0.04 and 50 mg shows 0.39 ±0.038. Glycogen 25mg shows 0.288 ±0.011 and 50mg shows 0.248 ±0.177. DNA 25mg shows 0.109 ±0.039 and 50 mg shows 0.085 ±0.035, RNA 25mg shows 0.38 ±0.036 and 50 mg shows 0.25 ±0.031
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Eupatorium triplinerve  Vahl. Aerial Parts
Authors: Sugumar N. , Karthikeyan S. , Gowdhami T.
Published: October 2022

Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl belongs to the Asteraceae family, popularly known as Ayapana .It is a perennial shrub native to Amazon rainforests of South America. Its leaves are used through infusions, decoctions, baths, and tea. It is largely used in Brazilian folk medicine as sedative, febrifuge, stimulant, tonic and anti-inflammatory. The essential oil from aerial parts of Eupatorium triplinerve was analysis by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thirty compounds representing 98.24 % of the oil were identified. The major compounds were 2-tert-butyl – 1, 4-methoxybenzene (74.3 %) and b –Selinene (8.6 %). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against ten bacteria (including Gram positive and Gram negative) and six phytopathogenic fungi. The oil exhibited moderated antibacterial and strong antifungal activity against all the test pathogens. The highest zone inhibition was recorded against Salamella typhae (21mm) followed by Shigella sonnei (18mm) at a concentration of 20μl/ disc on the other standard Ampicillin 20mg/ disc showed on average of 14-34mm diameter of zone inhibition against the test organism. The lowest antifungal activities were recorded against Macrophomina phaseoline, and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The highest Alternaria alternate (12000ppm).Further pharmacological and toxicology studies will be required to establish the therapeutic uses of this oil.
Comparative Morphology of the Genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in Iran
Authors: Arianmanesh Reza , Mehregan Iraj , Assadi Mostafa , Nejadsattari Taher
Published: October 2022

Tamarix L. with almost 54 species is the largest genus of the Tamaricaceae. This study was carried out on species of Tamarix that growing in Iran. Morphological characters were obtained for 23 species recognized by recent taxonomic treatments from Iran. In this study we use 10 characters to identify species of Tamarix that growing in Iran. For SEM studies, we used dry sampels of leaves and flowers. Some characters are useful for segregating certain species, such as gross leaf morphology (vaginate vs. sessile), number of floral parts, certain aspects of androecial disk morphology, petal shape, presence or absence of hairs on the raceme rachis, and whether the filament is inserted under or from the side of the androecial disk. In some species the number of sepals, petals and stamens are constant and reliable. One of the problems in Tamarix is that in many species the number of certain floral organs is inconstant thus the number of floral parts alone can not serve as a diagnostic marker without being correlated with the relative position of the organs and their range of numerical variability.
An Improved Procedure of the Metagenomic DNA Extraction from Saline Soil, Sediment and Salt
Authors: Kashi Fereshteh Jookar
Published: October 2022

A new modified protocol has been developed for extracting pure community inhibitors-free DNA from saline soils, sediments and salts. Amplification of DNA from soil and sediment is often inhibited by copurified contaminants. A rapid, inexpensive, large-scale DNA extraction method involving minimal purification has been developed that is applicable to saline samples. Using a widely used a newly modified direct DNA extraction method proposed in this report, DNA was extracted from samples of Urmia Lake in diverse geological location in Iran and quantity of the DNA were examined. We developed an improved method to extract DNA include the combination of physical, chemical and mechanical lysis methods from saline samples. In the earlier reports, skim milk as an adsorption competitor was added to buffer DNA extract. In current study, we added skim milk to buffer DNA extraction. The results showed that skim milk was useful as an additive for extract DNA from saline samples. This method is applicable to molecular community analysis of saline samples which strongly adsorb DNA. The methods appear to have wide applicability in investigating molecular diversity and exploring functional genes from the total DNA. The extracted DNA was used to successfully amplify 16SrRNA region and functional genes. The amplicons were suitable for further applications such as diversity based analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cloning library.
Phytosocialogical and Ethnomedicinal Studies of Sacred Groves in Konjikuppam Village, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nithyadevi J. , Sivakumar R.
Published: October 2022

The konjikuppam village lies on the state highway linking panruti (5 km south) and Neyveli (10 km north). The sacred grove of konjikuppam is also situated on the main read and is proximate to the village. A large bond of about 3 ha. Size lies behind the temple complex and cannel bringing strong water from the neighboring shallow ferralitic terrain runs into it. An extensive floristic survey of carried out in the sacred groves at monthly intervals between December 2011 and October 2012. Specimen flowering plants were collected and identified taxonomically with the help of different floras. Nine plots were established in three different disturbance areas within the sacred groves and it is divided into three site I. Disturbances, II. Moderately disturbance III. Undisturbance. Present study revealed that a total number of 110 plants belonging to 96 genera and 45 families were recorded from three sites (I. Disturbed, II. Moderately Disturbed, III. Undisturbed) of konjikuppam sacred groves Cuddalore district. The present study revealed that more number of species found in undisturbed site III and least number and density in disturbed site I. a total of 24 plants used in herbal preparations. The local health traditions provide immediate and cheaper remedy or relief to the poor and down trodden inhabiting the villages. The devastation of species diversity in the study area there is an urgent need for regeneration of the species for conservation of species and biodiversity.
A Preliminary Survey of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Ramakrishna Beach Road, Vishakhapatnam (Vizag), Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Laxmi Narayana B. , Vasudeva Rao V. , Sandeep M. , Surender G. , Ramaligeswara Rao A.V.L.N.
Published: October 2022

We studied the population records of House Sparrow Passer domesticus 16th to 20th December 2011 during winter in Ramakrishna Beach Road Vishakhapatnam town, Andhra Pradesh. The ecological density of House Sparrow was investigated using fixed width transects. A total of 189 House sparrows were recorded. The present study shows that a notable population of House Sparrow in Beach Road.
A Conceptual Approach of Information Technology in Environment Science: Research Area and Prospects of Database Generation
Authors: Talapatra Soumendra Nath , Nandy Abantika , Pal Partha
Published: October 2022

The data of individual sector on environmental science is compiled in information technology (IT) through database software known as Environment Information (EI). Environment information is an easy accessible database in individual sector, where people can know both new research scope and impact on environment. The presen t study deals to inform that EI is an area, in which the knowledge of environmental science and IT is combined through database software. In this paper, individual research area, data format and beneficial aspects on environmental science is tabulated for EI. There are several research areas in which the data viz. ecology and ecosystem, biodiversity and conservation of important species, health hazards by diseases, health care facilities, toxicological aspects, wastes types, source generation and management, alternative energy generation facilities, environment education and awareness etc. It is a conceptual approach to gather knowledge of environment related problems and prospects and can easily make a database for the intellectuals, academicians, scientists, regulatory authorities, policy makers, researchers, students etc. These help to know benefits in research area, regulatory process, decision making and proper environment management. People can easily access compiled database in an individual sector of environment science
Extension of Shelf-Life of Tomato Using Irradiated Chitosan and its Physical and Biochemical Characteristics
Authors: Parvin Nehar , Kader M.A. , Huque Roksana , Molla M.E. , Khan Mubarak A.
Published: October 2022

The effect of irradiated chitosan coating on post-harvest preservation of tomato was observed in this study. Irradiated chitosan (40 kGy) solution of various concentrations (500, 750, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) were applied on post-harvest preservation of tomato. Both chitosan treated and untreated (control) tomato were stored at room temperature in open and zip bag conditions. The effect of coating of various chitosan solutions on tomato were observed during storage period. The percentage of weight loss and spoilage rate of the preserved and control tomato samples were investigated. Several parameters (such as total bacteria count, total mold count, moisture, ash, acidity, vitamin C, sugar, protein and fat) were analyzed for irradiated chitosan coated tomato in open condition after 3-weeks storage period. In addition, the same parameters were also analyzed for control tomato. Considering all parameters, the results revealed that 1500 ppm chitosan solution performed better in extending the shelf- life of tomato as compared to the control and other treated samples. Thus, this observation recommend that irradiated chitosan coating have the potential to be used as natural preservative to maintain quality and extending shelf-life of tomato.