bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel approaches to tackling emotional loss of control of eating across the weight spectrum
Authors: Treasure Janet , Bektas Sevgi , Mutwalli Hiba , Dhopatkar Namrata , Himmerich Hubertus
Published: March 2022

Emotional overeating is a process that is particularly relevant to people within the binge spectrum of eating disorders. Approximately a third of people with overweight share this phenotype. In addition, this behaviour may occur in neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) and other psychiatric disorders. The biopsychosocial underpinnings of emotional eating include a genetic vulnerability to a higher weight and various cognitive and emotional traits. The environment also plays a key role. For example, the commodification of food and beauty and exposure to weight stigma, unpleasant eating experiences and general adversity can set the scene. The majority of people with binge-eating disorder do not seek treatment (perhaps related to internalised stigma and shame). Hence opportunities for early intervention and secondary prevention are lost. Most guidelines for binge-eating disorder (based on the limited available research) recommend forms of cognitive psychotherapies and antidepressants. However, novel treatments that target underlying mechanisms are in development. These include interventions to improve emotional regulation and inhibitory control using neuromodulation and/or brain training. New technologies have been applied to talking therapies, including apps which can offer ‘just-in-time interventions’ or virtual reality or avatar work which can deliver more personalised interventions using complex scenarios. Drugs used for the treatment of ADHD, psychiatric and metabolic disorders may have the potential to be repurposed for binge-eating disorder. Thus, this is an area of rapid change with novel solutions being applied to this problem.
Work incapacity and psychiatric patient care following attempted suicide – a cohort study of 65 097 Swedish twins
Authors: Lindberg Anton , Svedberg Pia , Ropponen Annina , Narusyte Jurgita , Wang Mo
Published: March 2022

Background

Research is scarce on the role of familial factors and previous psychiatric care on the association between suicide attempt and future work incapacity as well as deterioration in mental health. We aimed to investigate the associations between suicide attempt and sickness absence, disability pension and psychiatric patient care and to study the influence of previous psychiatric care and familial factors (genetics and shared environment) on the associations.

Methods

The study included 65 097 twins living in Sweden on 31st of December 2006, aged 19–60 years. The twins were followed 2007–2013 regarding sickness absence, disability pension, inpatient care or specialized outpatient care for a mental diagnosis. Cox regression models were performed for the whole sample, and conditional models for discordant twin pairs. The analyses were also stratified by psychiatric care before 2007.

Results

We found that suicide attempt predicted sickness absence, disability pension, and future mental diagnosis among the whole sample. The discordant twin pair analyses showed that the association between suicide attempt and sickness absence or disability pension was influenced by familial factors. Stratified analyses of individuals with or without psychiatric care before 2007 showed that previous psychiatric care had some impact on the associations.

Conclusions

A suicide attempt is a risk factor for work incapacity and psychiatric patient care. Familial factors and previous psychiatric care play a role in the associations between attempting suicide and work incapacity as well as psychiatric patient care. These factors are important when developing measures preventing work incapacity among those with a suicide attempt.
The gender pension gap in Germany: is divorce a gender-equaliser?
Authors: Kreyenfeld Michaela , Schmauk Sarah , Mika Tatjana
Published: March 2022

Germany is one of the few countries in Europe that has implemented a system of ‘divorce splitting’. Under this system, the pension credits that spouses have accumulated during their marriage are combined and then split equally between them upon divorce. This study examines how divorce affects public pension entitlements in Germany, and how these patterns are influenced by the system of divorce splitting. The data for our analysis comes from SHARE-RV, a direct linkage of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with administrative data of the research data centre of the German Pension Insurance Fund (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund). The data include information on the beneficiaries’ monthly earnings and employment biographies, as well as on their pension entitlements and the credits they received through divorce splitting. The results of the analysis, which was restricted to West German men and women born between 1935 and 1954, reveal that there are large gender gaps in public pension benefit levels. However, the investigation also shows that single and divorced West German women have larger personal pension entitlements than their married or widowed counterparts. Furthermore, the public pension entitlements of divorced men and women in West Germany are very similar. This can be attributed partially to the divorce-splitting system, which tends to increase the pension benefits of divorced women, while reducing the pension benefits of their male counterparts.
SCIENTIFIC FRAUD Part I: Definition, General Concepts, Historical Cases
Authors: Bucci Enrico , Carafoli Ernesto
Published: March 2022

Scientific fraud still lacks a precise, universally accepted definition: the borders between unambiguously established fraud, errors, misconduct are uncertain: this frequently complicates decisions on whether or not cases of questionable behaviour can be classified as true fraud. In this article we have listed the behaviours which establish that true fraud has occurred. The most important is undoubtedly the intentionality of the behaviour, aimed at creating fictitious support of a theory or of a hypothesis. The fraudulent behaviour must have violated the standards of the time in which it occurred: this is an important point, as these standards may have been different in different times. Also important is the fact that the assessment of the seriousness of suspected cases is incremental: it goes from simple misconduct cases that would border on negligence, to cases of evident fraud, e.g. the fabrication or falsification of data or results, and/or the appropriation (plagiarism) of another person’s ideas or data without giving appropriate credit. In recent times, scientific fraud has become widespread, but it was known in the distant past as well: it has involved scientists who are real icons in the history of science. This article analyses the most important cases, dissecting with great attention the particular aspects of the accusations that had been levelled at them. With one exception, it clears them all of the accusations.
Feasibility and measurement error in using food supply data to estimate diet costs in Canada
Authors: Luongo Gabriella , Tarasuk Valerie , Yi Yanqing , Mah Catherine L
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The cost of food is a key influence on diet. The majority of diet cost studies match intake data from population-based surveys to a single source of food supply prices. Our aim was to examine the methodological significance of using food supply data to price dietary intakes.

Methods:

Nationally representative 24-h dietary recall data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS-N) was matched to the 2015 Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) food price list. Proportions and means of reported intakes covered by the 2015 CPI price list were used to compare reported intakes of food groups and food components of interest and concern overall and by quartile of CPI coverage.

Setting:

Canada.

Participants:

In total, 20 487 Canadians ages one and older.

Results:

The CPI covered on average 76·3 % of total dietary intake (g) without water. Staple food groups that were more commonly consumed had better CPI price coverage than those less commonly consumed. Yet some food groups (vegetables, additions and sweets) that were also commonly consumed by Canadians were not well covered by price data. Individuals in the poorest CPI coverage quartile reported consuming significantly greater gram weight (g), dietary fibre (g) and energy (kcal) as compared with those with the best coverage.

Conclusions:

Differential CPI price coverage exists among food components and commonly consumed food groups; additionally dietary intake differs significantly in the population by CPI coverage. Methodological refinements are needed to better account for error when using prices from food supply data to estimate diet costs.
Accurate and Robust Calibration of the Uniform Affine Transformation Between Scan-Camera Coordinates for Atom-Resolved In-Focus 4D-STEM Datasets
Authors: Ning Shoucong , Xu Wenhui , Ma Yinhang , Loh Leyi , Pennycook Timothy J. , Zhou Wu , Zhang Fucai , Bosman Michel , Pennycook Stephen J. , He Qian , Loh N. Duane
Published: March 2022

Accurate geometrical calibration between the scan coordinates and the camera coordinates is critical in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) for both quantitative imaging and ptychographic reconstructions. For atomic-resolved, in-focus 4D-STEM datasets, we propose a hybrid method incorporating two sub-routines, namely a J-matrix method and a Fourier method, which can calibrate the uniform affine transformation between the scan-camera coordinates using raw data, without a priori knowledge of the crystal structure of the specimen. The hybrid method is found robust against scan distortions and residual probe aberrations. It is also effective even when defects are present in the specimen, or the specimen becomes relatively thick. We will demonstrate that a successful geometrical calibration with the hybrid method will lead to a more reliable recovery of both the specimen and the electron probe in a ptychographic reconstruction. We will also show that, although the elimination of local scan position errors still requires an iterative approach, the rate of convergence can be improved, and the residual errors can be further reduced if the hybrid method can be firstly applied for initial calibration. The code is made available as a simple-to-use tool to correct affine transformations of the scan-camera coordinates in 4D-STEM experiments.
Evaluation of In Situ Antiaging Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 Yeast Cells Treated with Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Methanolic Extract (PLME) Using Different Microscopic Approaches: A Morphology-Based Evaluation
Authors: Hemagirri Manisekaran , Sasidharan Sreenivasan
Published: March 2022

Polyalthia longifolia is known for its anti-oxidative properties, which might contribute to the antiaging action. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the antiaging activity of P. longifolia leaf methanolic extract (PLME) in a yeast model based on morphology using microscopic approaches. Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 strain yeast cells were treated with 1.00 mg/mL of PLME. The antiaging activity was assessed by determining the replicative lifespan, total lifespan, vacuole morphology by light microscopy, extra-morphology by scanning (SEM), and intra-morphology by transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The findings demonstrated that PLME treatment significantly accelerated the replicative and total lifespan of the yeast cells. PLME treatment also delays the formation of large apoptotic-like type 3 yeast cell vacuoles. The untreated yeast cells demonstrated aging morphology via SEM analysis, such as shrinking, regional invaginations, and wrinkled cell surface. The TEM analysis revealed the quintessential aging intracellular morphology such as swollen, wrinkled, or damaged vacuole formation of the circular endoplasmic reticulum, a rupture in the nuclear membrane, fragmentation of the nucleus, and complete damaged cytoplasm. Decisively, the present study revealed the vital role of PLME in the induction of antiaging activity in a yeast model using three microscopic approaches—SEM, TEM, and bright-field light microscope.
Eichmann in Plettenberg: Carl Schmitt reads Hannah Arendt
Authors: Plaetzer Niklas
Published: March 2022

This article makes use of primary sources to reconstruct Carl Schmitt's engagement with the work of Hannah Arendt. It focuses onEichmann in Jerusalem(1963): a book that Schmitt called “exciting” and that made him sick “for a couple of weeks.” The article examines marginalia to explore the reasons behind this ambiguous reaction. It situates Schmitt's reading of Arendt in the aftermath of his 1945 defense writings in which he had come close to legitimizing the international criminal prosecution of Nazi officials: a position he feared could backfire against himself in light of the Eichmann trial. Despite points of agreement in their critiques of depoliticized legality, Schmitt's reading of Arendt remained limited by anti-Semitic hatred and his fear of persecution. Driven by a sense of antagonism rather than dialogue, Schmitt's meticulous Arendt collection reveals above all that he turned to her work in search of theoretical weapons of self-defense.
Before the “West”: Recovering the Forgotten Foundations of Global Order
Authors: Acharya Amitav
Published: March 2022

During the past two decades, there have been growing calls for broadening the discipline of international relations (IR) by giving due recognition to the history, culture, ideas, and agency of non-Western states and societies. Several aspects of this trend are noteworthy. First, it originated from the growing dissatisfaction by non-Western scholars with the Western (US and European) dominance of the IR field, a dominance that obscures and marginalizes the past and recent contributions of other societies. As such, the primary voices challenging this dominance have been non-Western scholars, sometimes in collaboration with a few Western counterparts. These include not just scholars of postcolonialism and race, but also some working in the English School and constructivist and non-Western/post-Western traditions.
The opportunity and limitation of legal mobilisation for social struggles: a view from the Argentinian factory recuperation movement
Authors: Meakin Jack
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the tension between law's opportunity to deliver social transformation and the normative limitations that shape its effectiveness as a tool of social struggle. The role of law's normative limitations on legal mobilisation strategies, or the effect of entrenched social interests on permissible legal claims, has not been properly conceptualised in legal mobilisation scholarship. In response, this paper presents a conceptual framework that comprehends the opportunity and limitation of legal mobilisation as caught in the tension between the interpretive opportunity to redetermine legal meaning and the normative deficit inherent to this task. By re-engaging with the theoretical underpinnings of legal mobilisation, we will evaluate the potential for certain types of social transformation using law and revisit the rationale for strategic legal action. We will bring together our conceptual treatment of legal mobilisation with a sobering analysis of the Argentinian factory recuperation movement's mobilisation of legal demands. The movement's relative success in confronting the legal system's commitment to private property rights and winning protections for worker co-operatives presents an opportunity to learn about the effective potential of legal strategy and the extent to which it can be used to confront the normative commitments of a legal system.
Classification of Synoptic Patterns With Mesoscale Mechanisms for Downslope Windstorms in Korea Using a Self‐Organizing Map
Authors: Shin Yewon , Kim Jung‐Hoon , Chun Hye‐Yeong , Jang Wook , Son Seok‐Woo
Published: March 2022

Downslope windstorms (DWs) are responsible for wildfires, wind gusts, and turbulence on the lee side of the Taebaek Mountains in the Yeongdong (YD) region of Korea. We classified the synoptic conditions of the windstorms in the YD region using a self‐organizing map (SOM). For windstorm events from 1979 to 2019, sea level pressure anomalies were used to train the SOM. It was found that the synoptic patterns could be classified into three representative types: (1) the south‐high and north‐low pattern in the spring, (2) the west‐high and east‐low pattern in the winter, and (3) the strong low‐pressure system passing through the northern part of Korea. At 850 hPa, prevailing southwesterly and northwesterly flows with warm and cold advections were dominant in Types 1 and 2, respectively. And, Type 3 presented a well‐developed baroclinic system of cyclone. Adiabatic warming by downslope windstorm was the strongest in Type 1, which was likely to have a huge impact on the spread of wildfires. Three mesoscale generation mechanisms were examined under different synoptic patterns. The hydraulic‐jump theory was dominant for the windstorms in Type 2 due to upstream flows with moderate Froude numbers and inversion layers. The partial reflection of mountain waves was found in all types but was more frequent in Type 1 than others. DWs with wave breakings at critical levels mostly occurred in Type 1. This objective classification of weather patterns responsible for DWs in the YD region may improve predictions and future projections of this event, particularly in light of ongoing climate changes.
Cancer-associated fibroblast-induced lncRNA UPK1A-AS1 confers platinum resistance in pancreatic cancer via efficient double-strand break repair
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zheng Shangyou , Hu Chonghui , Li Guolin , Lin Hongcao , Xia Renpeng , Ye Yuancheng , He Rihua , Li Zhihua , Lin Qing , Chen Rufu , Zhou Quanbo
Published: March 2022

The tumor stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundant and heterogeneous population of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are critically involved in chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs in chemoresistance is unclear. Here, we show that CAFR, a CAF subset derived from platinum-resistant PDAC patients, assumes an iCAF phenotype and produces more IL8 than CAFS isolated from platinum-sensitive PDAC patients. CAFR-derived IL8 promotes oxaliplatin chemoresistance in PDAC. Based on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiling in tumor cells incubated with CAF-CM, we found that UPK1A-AS1, whose expression is directly induced by IL8/NF-kappa B signaling, functions as a chemoresistance-promoting lncRNA and is critical for active IL8-induced oxaliplatin resistance. Impressively, blocking the activation of UPK1A-AS1 expression increases the oxaliplatin sensitivity of tumor cells in vivo. Mechanistically, UPK1A-AS1 strengthens the interaction between Ku70 and Ku80 to facilitate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), thereby enhancing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Clinically, UPK1A-AS1 expression is positively correlated with IL8 expression, a poor chemotherapeutic response and a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) time in advanced PDAC patients. Collectively, our study reveals a lncRNA-mediated mechanism of CAF-derived paracrine IL8-dependent oxaliplatin resistance and highlights UPK1A-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Hepcidin in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Joachim Jonathan H. , Mehta Kosha J.
Published: March 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common reasons for cancer-related deaths. Excess iron increases HCC risk. Inevitably, hepcidin, the iron hormone that maintains systemic iron homoeostasis is involved in HCC pathology. Distinct from other cancers that show high hepcidin expression, HCC patients can show low hepcidin levels. Thus, it is of immense clinical benefit to address the regulation and action of hepcidin in HCC as this may help in identifying molecular targets for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. Accordingly, this review explores hepcidin in HCC. It presents the levels of tissue and serum hepcidin and explains the mechanisms that contribute to hepcidin reduction in HCC. These include downregulation ofHAMP, TfR2, HJV, ALK2 and circular RNAcirc_0004913, upregulation of matriptase-2 and GDF15, inactivation ofRUNX3and mutation inTP53. The enigmas around mir-122 and the functionalities of two major hepcidin inducers BMP6 and IL6 in relation to hepcidin in HCC are discussed. Effects of hepcidin downregulation are explained, specifically, increased cancer proliferation via activation of CDK1/STAT3 pathway and increased HCC risk due to reduction in a hepcidin-mediated protective effect against hepatic stellate cell activation. Hepcidin–ferroportin axis in HCC is addressed. Finally, the role of hepcidin in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of HCC is highlighted.
WWP1 upregulation predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression by regulating ubiquitination of NDFIP1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yongjian , Cheng Qian , Gao Jie , Chen Zhuomiaoyu , Guo Jingheng , Li Zuyin , Tian Lingyu , Zhang Chao , Li Yuzi , Zheng Jiaxi , Li Zhao , Zhu Jiye
Published: March 2022

WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase1 (WWP1) is reported to be upregulated in many types of human cancers; however, its expression and function in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unknown. Here, in this study we investigated the expression pattern, clinical prognosis, tumor biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of WWP1 in ICC. The expression of WWP1 in patient tissues was detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence. CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, transwell, and xenograft models were used to explore the role of WWP1 in the proliferation and metastasis of ICC. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the potential mechanisms. Our study revealed that WWP1 was highly expressed in ICC, and high levels of WWP1 were associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, WWP1 overexpression enhanced the proliferation and metastasis of ICC cells and vice versa. Mechanistically, MYC could be enriched in the promoter region of WWP1 to facilitate its expression. Then, WWP1 targets Nedd4 family interacting protein1 (NDFIP1) and reduces NDFIP1 protein levels via ubiquitination. Downregulation of NDFIP1 in ICC cells rescued the effects of silenced WWP1 expression. WWP1 expression was also negatively correlated with the protein level of NDFIP1 in patient tissues. In conclusion, WWP1 upregulated by MYC promotes the progression of ICC via ubiquitination of NDFIP1, which reveals that WWP1 might be a potential therapeutic target for ICC.
A large-scale microelectromechanical-systems-based silicon photonics LiDAR
Authors: Zhang Xiaosheng , Kwon Kyungmok , Henriksson Johannes , Luo Jianheng , Wu Ming C.
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging sensors allow machines to perceive, map and interact with the surrounding world1. The size of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) devices is often limited by mechanical scanners. Focal plane array-based 3D sensors are promising candidates for solid-state LiDARs because they allow electronic scanning without mechanical moving parts. However, their resolutions have been limited to 512 pixels or smaller2. In this paper, we report on a 16,384-pixel LiDAR with a wide field of view (FoV, 70° × 70°), a fine addressing resolution (0.6° × 0.6°), a narrow beam divergence (0.050° × 0.049°) and a random-access beam addressing with sub-MHz operation speed. The 128 × 128-element focal plane switch array (FPSA) of grating antennas and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-actuated optical switches are monolithically integrated on a 10 × 11-mm2 silicon photonic chip, where a 128 × 96 subarray is wire bonded and tested in experiments. 3D imaging with a distance resolution of 1.7 cm is achieved with frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) ranging in monostatic configuration. The FPSA can be mass-produced in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) foundries, which will allow ubiquitous 3D sensors for use in autonomous cars, drones, robots and smartphones.
Birds can transition between stable and unstable states via wing morphing
Authors: Harvey C. , Baliga V. B. , Wong J. C. M. , Altshuler D. L. , Inman D. J.
Published: March 2022

Birds morph their wing shape to accomplish extraordinary manoeuvres1–4, which are governed by avian-specific equations of motion. Solving these equations requires information about a bird’s aerodynamic and inertial characteristics5. Avian flight research to date has focused on resolving aerodynamic features, whereas inertial properties including centre of gravity and moment of inertia are seldom addressed. Here we use an analytical method to determine the inertial characteristics of 22 species across the full range of elbow and wrist flexion and extension. We find that wing morphing allows birds to substantially change their roll and yaw inertia but has a minimal effect on the position of the centre of gravity. With the addition of inertial characteristics, we derived a novel metric of pitch agility and estimated the static pitch stability, revealing that the agility and static margin ranges are reduced as body mass increases. These results provide quantitative evidence that evolution selects for both stable and unstable flight, in contrast to the prevailing narrative that birds are evolving away from stability6. This comprehensive analysis of avian inertial characteristics provides the key features required to establish a theoretical model of avian manoeuvrability.
Longitudinal evidence on the development of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway
Authors: Reme Bjørn-Atle , Wörn Jonathan , Skirbekk Vegard
Published: March 2022

The economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are unequally distributed. A growing literature finds evidence that those with low socioeconomic status have carried a greater burden in terms of both unemployment and infection risk. Against this background, it is natural to also expect increasing socioeconomic inequalities in mental health. We report from a population-based longitudinal study, assessing the mental health of more than 100,000 Norwegian adults during a period of more than 20 years, and into the COVID-19 pandemic. We find substantial, and equally high, increases in depressive symptoms across socioeconomic status. In addition, we show that the increase was particularly strong among women and those with lower levels of depressive symptoms prior to COVID-19.
24-month decline of non-invasive liver fibrosis markers in HCV-mono and HCV/HIV coinfection after direct-acting antiviral therapy
Authors: Pérez-Is Laura , Collazos Julio , de la Fuente Belén , Morano Luis , Rivas-Carmenado Maria , Rodriguez Manuel , Romero-Favela Adolfo , Fonseca–González Galilea de Jesús , Melón Santiago , Valle-Garay Eulalia , Asensi Víctor
Published: March 2022

Long term liver fibrosis (LF) changes and their best -monitoring non-invasive markers (NILFM) after effective anti-HCV DAA therapy are little- known. Matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue-inhibitors (TIMPs) are pivotal in liver inflammation repair. Their plasma levels might assess long-term LF changes after therapy. Overall 374 HCV-infected adult patients, 214 HCV-HIV coinfected, were followed-up for 24 months after starting DAA. LF was assessed by transient elastometry (TE), biochemical indexes (APRI, Forns, FIB-4) and, in 61 individuals, by MMPs and TIMP-1 plasma levels. Several MMPs and TIMP-1 SNPs were genotyped in 319 patients. TE was better than biochemical indexes for early and long-term LF monitoring. MMPs-2,-8,-9 and-TIMP-1 levels and TE displayed parallel declining curves although only TIMP-1 correlated with TE (P = 0.006) and biochemical indexes (P < 0.02). HCV monoinfected had significantly higher baseline NILFM and TIMP-1 plasma values, but lower MMPs levels than coinfected patients. No differences in NILFM course were observed between mono-and coinfected or between different DAA regimens. Only the MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) variant TT genotype associated with higher values of NILFM NILFM decline extends 24 months after therapy. TE and TIMP1 are reliable LF-monitoring tools. NILFM courses were similar in mono-and coinfected patients, DAA regimens type did not influence NILFM course.
Synoviocytes from pigmented villonodular synovitis are less sensitive to cadmium-induced cell death than synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Farese Héléna , Noack Mélissa , Miossec Pierre
Published: March 2022

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare inflammatory articular disease sharing common characteristics with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), notably hyperplasia of the synovium due to a hyperproliferation of synoviocytes, and with cancer owing to mutations of the CSF1/M-CCSF gene. Targeting synovium hyperplasia by the local delivery of Cadmium (Cd) has been already tested in vitro and in vivo models of RA and could be applied to PVNS. PVNS and RA synoviocytes were exposed to low doses of Cd. After different culture time points, a qualitative analysis was done by microscopy and quantitative measurements of apoptosis, cell viability and IL-6 production were carried. IL-6 production by PVNS synovial tissue was also quantified after Cd treatment with or without the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 + TNF). Addition of Cd induced cell death in both PVNS (1 ppm) and RA (0.1 ppm) synoviocytes, which increased with time and Cd concentrations. Cd increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and decreased cell viability and IL-6 production. In all these experiments, PVNS synoviocytes were tenfold less sensitive to Cd than RA synoviocytes. Cd decreased IL-6 production by PVNS synovial tissue and its effect was enhanced with pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, PVNS synoviocytes show resistance to Cd-induced cell death and decreased inflammation. Intra-articular use of Cd could represent a potential therapeutic tool in PVNS.
Tissue accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps mediates muscle hyperalgesia in a mouse model
Authors: Suzuki Kazuaki , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Yoshida Shinichirou , Ogawa Kazumi , Chen Weijian , Kanzaki Makoto , Takahashi Tadahisa , Fujita Ryo , Li Yuqing , Yabe Yutaka , Aizawa Toshimi , Hagiwara Yoshihiro
Published: March 2022

Accumulation of uric acid (UA) during muscular trauma is a factor involved in the development of muscle hyperalgesia. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), DNA-based reticular structures to capture UA, play a central role in the pain onset of gout attacks; however, the involvement of NETs via the elevation of local UA level in muscle hyperalgesia due to injuries from muscle overuse remains unknown. The triceps surae muscles (TSMs) in the unilateral hindlimb of mice were electrically stimulated to induce excessive muscle contraction. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds, tissue UA levels, neutrophil recruitment, and protein amount of citrullinated histone 3 (citH3), a major marker of NETs, were investigated. Furthermore, whether neutrophil depletion, extracellular DNA cleavage, and administration of the urate-lowering agent febuxostat improved muscle hyperalgesia caused by NET formation was examined. CitH3 expression upon neutrophil recruitment was significantly increased in the stimulated TSMs with increased tissue UA levels, whereas febuxostat administration improved muscle hyperalgesia with decreased citH3 and tissue UA levels, as observed in neutrophil depletion and extracellular DNA digestion. The underlying mechanism of muscle hyperalgesia associated with locally recruited neutrophils forming NETs due to increased tissue UA levels potentially plays a significant role in creating a vicious circle of muscle pain.
Heterogeneity of oxygen reactivity: key for selectivity of partial methanol oxidation on gold surfaces
Authors: Feldt Christoph D. , Albrecht Paul A. , Eltayeb Salma , Riedel Wiebke , Risse Thomas
Published: March 2022

Oxygen on gold preferentially reacts with methanol than its partial oxidation product methyl formate due to different oxygen species requirements.
Influence of the coffee-ring effect and size of flakes of graphene oxide films on their electrochemical reduction
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Eigler Siegfried
Published: March 2022

The transfer of protons and electrons is essential for the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide films. The influence of the coffee ring effect in the film formation process, the size of the graphene oxide flakes, and the loading on the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide are discussed.
Determination of intensity ratios of Nd, Cs, Zr and Sr against U and burn-up in simulated nuclear fuels by LA-ICPMS
Authors: Maity U. K. , Manoravi P. , Joseph M. , Chandra Manish , Natarajan G. , Sivaraman N.
Published: March 2022

Applicability of LA-ICPMS for spatial profiling of non-isobaric isotopes in solid samples.
Adsorptive separation of picoline isomers by adaptive calix[3]acridan crystals
Authors: Zhou He-Ye , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: March 2022

Calix[3]acridan-based nonporous adaptive crystals were used to separate industrially important 4-picoline from its isomer mixtures with over 93.8% purity.
Electrophilic activation of difunctional aminoboranes: B–N coupling versus intramolecular Cl/Me exchange
Authors: Maier Matthias , Klopf Jonas , Glasmacher Clemens , Fantuzzi Felipe , Bachmann Jonas , Ayhan Ozan , Koner Abhishek , Engels Bernd , Helten Holger
Published: March 2022

Upon electrophilic initiation, difunctional aminoboranes underwent either B–N coupling or an unexpected Cl/Me exchange reaction.
Diffusion characteristics of water molecules in a lamellar structure formed by triblock copolymers
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Han Youngkyu , Chen Wei-Ren , Do Changwoo
Published: March 2022

The distribution and diffusion of water molecules are playing important roles in determining self-assembly and transport properties of polymeric systems.
Dynamic Pt–OH−·H2O–Ag species mediate coupled electron and proton transfer for catalytic hydride reduction of 4-nitrophenol at the confined nanoscale interface
Authors: Ding Meng , Shan Bing-Qian , Peng Bo , Zhou Jia-Feng , Zhang Kun
Published: March 2022

Structural water molecules (SWs) dominated p band transient states for coupled electron and proton transfer on the bimetallic Pt–Ag supported silica catalysts for enhanced catalytic hydride reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Recent advances in borenium catalysis
Authors: Tan Xinyue , Wang Huadong
Published: March 2022

This review provides an overview of the recent advances in borenium-catalysed reactions with emphasis on catalyst synthesis, methodology development and mechanistic insight.
Structural diversity and biological relevance of benzenoid and atypical ansamycins and their congeners
Authors: Skrzypczak Natalia , Przybylski Piotr
Published: March 2022

Origin, division, and key structural aspects for biological functionality of ansamycins are discussed. Semisynthetic, mutasynthetic and hybrid approaches, yielding new macrolactams, along their mechanism of action and biological potency are compared.
The synthesis and crystal structure of pH-sensitive fluorescent pyrene-based double aza- and diaza[4]helicenes
Authors: Tonkoglazova Daria I. , Oryabinskaya Lyubov M. , Shcherbatykh Aleksandr A. , Gulevskaya Anna V.
Published: March 2022

A new family of pH-sensitive fluorescent pyrene-based double aza- and diaza[4]helicenes was synthesized.
Intramolecular rhodium-catalysed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of linear chiral N-bridged triynes: straightforward access to fused tetrahydroisoquinoline core
Authors: Llobat Alberto , Escorihuela Jorge , Ramírez de Arellano Carmen , Fustero Santos , Medio-Simón Mercedes
Published: March 2022

Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of linear chiral triynes having 4-atom tethers leads to, in a single step, complex tetrahydroisoquinolines having central chirality.
Copper-catalyzed amino radical tandem cyclization toward the synthesis of indolo-[2,1-a]isoquinolines
Authors: Liu Mei-Ling , Wang Jing-Ling , Li Xue-Song , Sun Wen-Hui , Liu Xue-Yuan
Published: March 2022

We report a convenient process for synthesizing indolo-[2,1-a]isoquinoline tetracyclic skeletons in one pot via a low-cost copper-catalyzed tandem amino radical cyclization, in which one C–C bond and one C–N bond are synchronously established.
Visible-light-initiated catalyst-free trifluoromethylselenolation of arylsulfonium salts with [Me4N][SeCF3]
Authors: Tian Ze-Yu , Zhang Cheng-Pan
Published: March 2022

Catalyst-free visible-light irradiation has leveraged the big redox potential gaps between arylsulfonium salts and [Me4N][SeCF3], which combined with sulfenylation processes offers convenient and selective C–H trifluoromethylselenolation.
TNF-α induces AQP4 overexpression in astrocytes through the NF-κB pathway causing cellular edema and apoptosis
Authors: Lu Hong , Ai Li , Zhang Baoyue
Published: March 2022

Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is highly expressed on astrocytes and is critical for controlling brain water transport in neurological diseases. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a common cytokine found in disease microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TNF-α can regulate the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were treated with different concentrations of TNF-α and the cell viability was assessed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and AQP4 expression was detected by qPCR, Western blots, and immunofluorescence assays. The activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway was detected by Western blot. Further, dual-luciferase reporting system and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to detect the transcriptional regulation of AQP4 by p65. These experiments demonstrated that treatment with TNF-α can lead to astrocyte edema and an increase in AQP4 expression. Following TNF-α treatment, the expression levels of P-IKKα/β-IκBα and P-p65 increased significantly over time. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter system and ChIP assays revealed that p65 protein and AQP4 promoter had a robust binding effect after TNF-α treatment, and the NF-κB pathway inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 could inhibit these effects of TNF-α. The expression level of AQP4 was significantly decreased upon p65 interference, while the astrocyte viability was significantly increased compared with that in the TNF-α only group. In conclusion, TNF-α activated NF-κB pathway, which promoted the binding of p65 to the AQP4 gene promoter region, and enhanced AQP4 expression, ultimately reducing astrocyte viability and causing cell edema.
Interrelationships between the extracellular matrix and the immune microenvironment that govern epithelial tumour progression
Authors: Kolesnikoff Natasha , Chen Chun-Hsien , Samuel Michael Susithiran
Published: March 2022

Solid tumours are composed of cancer cells characterised by genetic mutations that underpin the disease, but also contain a suite of genetically normal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). These two latter components are constituents of the tumour microenvironment (TME), and are key determinants of tumour biology and thereby the outcomes for patients. The tumour ECM has been the subject of intense research over the past two decades, revealing key biochemical and mechanobiological principles that underpin its role in tumour cell proliferation and survival. However, the ECM also strongly influences the genetically normal immune cells within the microenvironment, regulating not only their proliferation and survival, but also their differentiation and access to tumour cells. Here we review recent advances in our knowledge of how the ECM regulates the tumour immune microenvironment and vice versa, comparing normal skin wound healing to the pathological condition of tumour progression.
UV and X-ray pulse amplitude variability in the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038
Authors: Miraval Zanon A. , Ambrosino F. , Coti Zelati F. , Campana S. , Papitto A. , Illiano G. , Israel G. L. , Stella L. , D’Avanzo P. , Baglio M. C.
Published: March 2022

The transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038 is the first millisecond pulsar discovered to emit UV and optical pulses. Here we present the results of the UV and X-ray phase-resolved timing analysis of observations performed with the Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR satellites between 2014 and 2021. Ultraviolet pulsations are detected in the high luminosity mode and disappear during low and flaring modes, similar to what is observed in the X-ray band. In the high mode, we find variability in both the UV and X-ray pulse amplitudes. The root mean square pulsed amplitude in the UV band ranges from ~2.1% down to ~0.7%, while it oscillates in the interval 5.5–12% in the X-ray band. As also observed in the optical band, this variability is not correlated with the orbital phase. Notwithstanding the rather low statistics, we have marginal evidence that variations in the pulse amplitude do not occur simultaneously in the UV and X-ray bands. When the UV pulsed amplitude decreases below the detection threshold, no significant variation in the X-ray pulsed amplitude is observed. These oscillations in the pulse amplitude could be caused by small random variations in the mass accretion rate leading to a variation in the size of the intra-binary shock region. Finally, we find that the pulsed flux spectral distribution from the X-ray to the UV band is well fitted using a power-law relation of the form νFνpulsed∼ν0.4.
This supports the hypothesis of a common physical mechanism underlying the X-ray, UV, and optical pulsed emissions in PSR J1023+0038.
Patellafrakturen
Authors: Buschbeck Stefan , Götz Kristina , Barzen Stefan , Hoffmann Reinhard
Published: March 2022

Patellafrakturen sind mit 0,5 – 1,5% aller Frakturen seltene Verletzungen, die jedoch bei inadäquater Ausheilung zu hohen funktionellen Einschränkungen fü̈hren können. Dieser Artikel gibt
eine Übersicht über die Frakturanatomie, die Einteilung und Diagnostik von Patellafrakturen sowie über die aktuellen operativen Versorgungsmöglichkeiten.
Psychische Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern aus Sicht des
psychisch erkrankten Elternteils
Authors: Höller Inken , Forkmann Thomas , Natrop Lisa , Hündlings Andrea , Specka Michael , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Das Risiko für Kinder psychisch erkrankter
Elternteile, ebenfalls zu erkranken, ist deutlich erhöht. In Deutschland
geht man davon aus, dass das Risiko, psychisch auffällig zu werden,
für ein Kind mit psychisch erkranktem Elternteil um das 2,4-fache
erhöht ist. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, einen Überblick
über etwaige psychische Auffälligkeiten der Kinder psychisch
erkrankter Elternteile zu erhalten.

Methoden Patient:innen wurden während ihres stationären
Aufenthalts in der Psychiatrie zu ihren Kindern und den psychischen
Auffälligkeiten ihrer Kinder befragt. Daten von N=118 Kindern
(51,7% weiblich) konnten zur Auswertung herangezogen werden.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass ca. ¼ der Kinder psychische
Auffälligkeiten vorwiesen. ¼ der Kinder befand sich zudem laut
Aussage des Elternteils in psychiatrisch/psychotherapeutischer
Behandlung. Es zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in den psychischen
Auffälligkeiten der Kinder je nach Diagnose oder
sozioökonomischem Status des Elternteils. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass
Kinder von psychisch erkrankten Elternteilen psychische Auffälligkeiten
aufweisen. Genauere Untersuchungen der Versorgungssituation der betroffenen
Kinder sowie die direkte Befragung ebendieser sind notwendig.
Implementierung einer Verhaltensmedizinisch Orientierten
Rehabilitation in der Kardiologie
Authors: Benninghoven Dieter , Menke Elisabeth , China Claudia , Schroeder Friedrich , Bethge Matthias
Published: March 2022

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Implementierung eines verhaltensmedizinisch
orientierten Rehabilitationskonzeptes in einer kardiologischen
Rehabilitationsklinik geprüft. Die dabei eingesetzten
psychotherapeutischen Interventionen orientierten sich an der Akzeptanz- und
Commitment-Therapie. Die Teilnehmer unserer Studie wurden in der neu
implementierten verhaltensmedizinischen Kardiologie (VMK; n=149) oder in
einer regulären kardiologischen Heilbehandlung (KHB; n=100)
behandelt. Wir prüften und verglichen die Erreichung der Zielgruppe
(reach), die Genauigkeit der Umsetzung (fidelity), die Vollständigkeit
der Interventionsdurchführung (dose delivered) sowie die von den
Teilnehmern wahrgenommenen verhaltensmedizinischen Behandlungsinhalte (dose
received). Ergänzend wurden Veränderungen gesundheitsbezogener
Zielkriterien vom Rehabilitationsbeginn bis zur Entlassung in beiden
Behandlungsgruppen erfasst. Die in der VMK behandelten Patienten waren
stärker belastet, und sie bestätigten mehr
verhaltensmedizinische Inhalte, eine höhere Konsistenz der
verhaltensmedizinischen Strategie und einen stärkeren Kompetenzgewinn
als die Patienten der KHB. Die durchgeführten Adhärenzratings
zeigten eine weitgehend konzeptgetreue Umsetzung des Ansatzes. In beiden
Behandlungsgruppen verbesserten sich von der Aufnahme bis zur Entlassung die
Depressivität, die Somatisierung, die Ängstlichkeit, die
Herzangst, die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bezogen auf die Umsetzung sportlicher
Aktivität im Alltag sowie die körperliche
Leistungsfähigkeit im Ergometertraining statistisch signifikant.
Darüber hinaus wurden große oder annähernd große
Effekte in der VMK für das Vermeidungsverhalten bei Herzangst
(d=0,78), für Somatisierung (d=0,82),
Depressivität (d=0,76) und Ängstlichkeit
(d=0,72) sowie für die Ergometerleistung (d=0,86)
erzielt. Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie zur weiteren
Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit sollte dieser Implementierungsstudie
folgen.
Update Mammakarzinom 2021 Teil 2 – fortgeschrittene Stadien, Langzeitfolgen und Biomarker
Authors: Ditsch Nina , Stickeler Elmar , Behrens Annika , Belleville Erik , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja N. , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Jackisch Christian , Janni Wolfgang , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Lüftner Diana , Lux Michael P. , Müller Volkmar , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schütz Florian , Schulmeyer Carla E. , Tesch Hans , Thomssen Christoph , Uleer Christoph , Untch Michael , Welslau Manfred , Wöckel Achim , Wurmthaler Lena A. , Würstlein Rachel , Thill Marc , Aktas Bahriye
Published: March 2022

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden relevante Aspekte kürzlich veröffentlichter Studien zur Behandlung von Brustkrebspatientinnen in fortgeschrittenen Stadien sowie zu Biomarkern beim Mammakarzinom zusammenfassend dargestellt und diskutiert. In den letzten Jahren wurde eine Vielzahl von Medikamenten für alle molekularen Subtypen bis zu Phase-III-Studien entwickelt. In Bezug auf die Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren wurde in letzter Zeit für die metastasierte Situation der optimale Chemotherapie-Kombinationspartner diskutiert. Mit oralen Taxanen könnte sich eine neue Art von oralen Chemotherapien etablieren. Die Datenlage zu Biomarkern für die Anwendung der CDK4/6-Inhibitoren wächst, was auch eine Weiterentwicklung für andere molekulare Subtypen bedeuten könnte. Beim HER2 +, metastasierten Mammakarzinom wurden neue Substanzen entwickelt, die auch nach massiver Vorbehandlung und/oder zerebraler Metastasierung noch gute Remissionen zeigen. Ebenso wächst das Wissen um zielgerichtete Therapien mit Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugaten (ADC) gegen Trop-2, die bei triple-negativen Mammakarzinomen (TNBC) eine therapeutische Bereicherung bedeuten könnten. Des Weiteren steht das Verständnis des Fertilitätserhaltes nach einer Brustkrebserkrankung im klinischen Fokus. Hier schaffen gepoolte Analysen einen neuen Einblick.