bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conséquences juridiques des décisions de la Conférence internationale du Travail
Authors: Binet Henri
Published: October 2017

L'auteur décrit la composition de la Conférence internationale du Travail, « assemblée annuelle des Etats membres de l'Organisation internationale du Travail ». L'O.I.T. se propose comme but l'extension de la « justice sociale, dans l'intérêt de la paix mondiale ». Après une brève analyse des moyens dont dispose cet organisme, l'auteur établit les nécessaires distinctions entre trois types de décisions sur lesquelles l'O.I.T. peut s'arrêter: résolutions, recommandations et conventions. Il souligne ensuite le caractère de l'obligation des Etats-membres en face des conventions, parlant du rôle de l'opinion publique et du mécanisme des commissions d'enquête. L'auteur s'arrête assez longuement sur le cas des Etats fédératifs, ainsi le Canada, qui jouissent d'une situation privilégiée, car ici la compétence législative en matière du travail n'est pas réservée entièrement au pouvoir central. A la fin de l'article sont étudiées les contestations possibles et énumérées les sanctions éventuelles.
L'éducation ouvrière aux États-Unis
Authors: Jolicoeur Fernand
Published: October 2017

Aperçu général de l'éducation ouvrière aux Etats-Unis dont l'évolution a suivi celle du syndicalisme américain. Cette étude donne une idée de la conception que les unions américaines se font de l'éducation ouvrière et des moyens qu'elles emploient pour la poursuivre. L'auteur affirme qu'elles attachent beaucoup d'importance à la formation syndicale de leurs membres, mais ne vont pas plus loin sauf rares exceptions. Elles ont développé cependant, des techniques d'éducation des adultes qui pourraient servir efficacement à une formation beaucoup plus vaste.
Merit Rating
Authors: Chartier Roger , Fuerstenthal A. H.
Published: October 2017

The Authors are using both the theoretical and the practical approach in their discussion of various aspects of Merit Rating. After stating what Merit Rating is, why, when and on what it is used, how it works, and by whom and on whom it is applied, the Authors describe at length, and with illustrations, the different steps of a new method of service appraisal which they have devised on the basis of a one-year experience with hundreds of clerical workers in a big Canadian public utility concern abroad.
Juridical Consequences of the Decisions of the International Labour Conference
Authors: Binet Henri
Published: October 2017

The Author describes the International Labour Conference, as the "annual meeting of the Member States of the International Labour Office. " The I.L.O. has as purpose "to promote social justice in the interest of world peace.'' After a short analysis of the means at the disposal of this organization, the Author establishes the necessary distinctions between three types of decisions which the I.L.O. may reach: Resolutions, Recommendations and Conventions. He then emphasizes the characteristics of the obligation of the Member States towards conventions, discussing the rôle of public opinion and of the functions of boards of inquiry. The author gives considerable attention to the case of federated states such as Canada, who enjoy a privileged situation, as the legislative jurisdiction here on labour questions is not entirely confined to the central authority. The possible points of dispute are studied in conclusion as well as the eventual sanctions.
The Education of Labour in the United States
Authors: Jolicoeur Fernand
Published: October 2017

In a general picture of the education of labour in the United States of which the evolution has followed that of American unionism, this study gives an idea of the conception that the American unions have of the education of labour and the methods they use to carry it out. The Author asserts that they attach much importance to the training of their members in union questions, but do not go any further except in particular cases. They have developed, however, techniques in adult education which could serve efficiently for a much wider formation.
Droit et économie politique
Authors: Gaudreau Claude
Published: October 2017

Cet article est un bref exposé de quelques opinions respectives de Gaëtan Pirou, économiste, et de Georges Ripert, juriste, sur le droit et l'économie politique et une prise de position personnelle de l'auteur sur le sujet. L'économie politique est-elle une discipline humaine, une science, une doctrine ? N'existe-t-il pas entre les deux des rapports et des contacts, qu'il soit utile et peut-être même nécessaire aux deux genres de spécialistes de connaître ? L'auteur précise certaines distinctions intéressantes à retenir entre fait économique et fait juridique, loi scientifique et loi positive, science morale et science expérimentale. Il termine en soulignant que le droit, l'économique et les autres disciplines sociales se complètent avantageusement avec toutes les conséquences qui en découlent.
Rôle du secrétaire de comité paritaire
Authors: Gérin Raymond
Published: October 2017

Dans cet article, l'auteur veut montrer le rôle capital que le secrétaire de comité paritaire, de par ses fonctions, doit jouer. Ces fonctions varient d'un comité paritaire à l'autre; mais dans l'ensemble, ce sont celles déterminées par la loi de la Convention collective et suggérées par les règlements-types recommandés par le ministère du Travail. Au-delà de ces fonctions, le secrétaire a un rôle à exercer dans la marche et l'orientation du comité paritaire, en tant qu'administrateur, en tant que spécialisé dans un secteur des relations du travail et possédant un sens social averti. Pour agir avec efficacité et durabilité, il doit possérer un ensemble particulièrement riche de qualités et de ressources et pouvoir assurer ainsi la continuité et l'orientation de cet organisme dont il est mandaté.
Le cinéma dans les usines
Authors: Vanasse Jean-Paul
Published: October 2017

Cet article a pour but de renseigner le lecteur sur l'utilisation du cinéma comme moyen de formation pour les milieux du travail. L'auteur, au moyen d'exemples, en souligne le rôle social vis-à-vis les groupes de la société, le rôle d'information et d'éducation vis-à-vis les travailleurs eux-mêmes (renseignements sur l'industrie, les affaires, les organisations ouvrières, les comités mixtes de production, les relations patronales-ouvrières, la sécurité industrielle et sociale, etc...). Les patrons et les ouvriers se convainquant de plus en plus des possibilités du cinéma adoptent à l'endroit des cinéastes une attitude d'étroite coopération. De l'utilisation de ces films accompagnés de discussion ou de causerie, résulte une plus grande collaboration entre employeurs et employés avec toutes les conséquences heureuses qui en découlent.
Law and Political Economy
Authors: Gaudreau Claude
Published: October 2017

This article is a summary of the respective opinions of Gaëtan Pirou, economist and of Georges Ripert, jurist, on Law and Political Economy, and the author's personal position on the subject. Is Political Economy a human discipline, a science, a doctrine? Does there not exist between the two, relationships and contacts that would be useful and perhaps even necessary to the two kinds of specialists to understand? The author points out certain interesting distinctions to be noted between economic fact and juridical fact, scientific law and positive law, moral science and experimental science. He concludes in emphasizing that the law, economics and other social disciplines complete one another to advantage with all the consequences arising from this.
The Role of the Secretary of a Parity Committee
Authors: Gérin Raymond
Published: October 2017

In this article, the author wishes to show the important role that the secretary of a parity committee, by his functions, must play. These functions vary from one parity committee to another, but generally are those determined by the Collective Agreement Act and suggested by the sample regulations recommended by the Department of Labour. In addition to these duties, the secretary takes part in the conduct and orientation of the parity committee, not only as administrator but also as a specialist in a sector of labour relations possessing an awakened social conscience. In order to act with efficiency and durability, he must be particularly rich in qualities and resources and thus be able to assure the continuation and orientation of this organization with which he is entrusted.
Apprenticeship Assistance
Authors: Thérien Charles E.
Published: October 2017

This article on the Act to assist apprenticeship and the enhancing of human capital has as its aim to remind the reader of some important ideas concerning this Act and its application in the Province of Quebec. The author recalls the principle at the basis of the Act, then emphasizes the moral and social aspect, examines its realizations within the profession itself, and views its future among the problems which it must meet. He concludes by insisting on the necessity of a very close cooperation between the various organizations trusted with the training of youth to form specialized labour.
Films for Use in Canadian Industry
Authors: Hill Rowland
Published: October 2017

In this article, the author emphasizes that moving-pictures, formerly identified with entertainment and more recently as an aid to education, have been used by industry, but that there still remains much to do to cover the field of usefulness of the film itself. Movies had an active part during the war and should continue this function during peace. The Federal Department of Labour is attempting to promote a wider use of movies concerned with the field of labour and is doing this by means of a catalogue and films supplement, of filmstrips and of library. The author, moreover, suggests the different possible sources for obtaining available films.
Évaluation des facteurs techniques et humains dans la direction
Authors: Gosselin Emile
Published: October 2017

Le travailleur n'est pas une partie de la machine industrielle, un outil dont la valeur est uniquement mesurée par les dollars de production; c'est pour cette raison qu'il ne peut répondre mathématiquement aux stimulants imposés par la gérance seule. Il doit pouvoir se sentir considéré comme un homme, un être humain et non seulement comme un instrument à la production. Il aime à être consulté et apprécie qu'on tienne compte de son opinion; il veut se sentir intégré à l'entreprise. Dans une telle atmosphère de collaboration, les relations patronales-ouvrières seront meilleures et les difficultés au sein de l'entreprise seront amoindries comme l'auteur le démontre par un exemple qu'il présente au lecteur. Il expose brièvement quelques principes susceptibles d'améliorer les relations entre la direction et ses employés. Il indique les fonctions de l'entreprise, le rôle de l'autorité et les conditions de son exercice. La direction ne peut être efficace que si elle tient compte des aspirations du travailleur et du syndicat.
Période tragique dans l'histoire du Rhode-Island
Authors: Quirk Charles B.
Published: October 2017

Cet article n'est qu'un court extrait d'une intéressante étude sur les problèmes de l'emploi au Rhode-Island de 1935-1950; il a pour but de faire connaître au lecteur l'évolution historique et économique de l'industrie du textile au Rhode-Island. L'auteur décrit la concurrence qui s'établit entre le Nord et le Sud; au début, minime, elle s'accrut dans la suite pour prendre des proportions désastreuses et amener ses conséquences funestes: diminution de la productivité, migration des moulins vers le Sud et chômage général. L'histoire du textile de la Nouvelle-Angleterre fournit l'exemple d'un système conforme au « laissez-faire » du capitalisme libéral: recherche du plus grand profit possible sans souci de responsabilité sociale. Ce système doit être soumis à la morale des affaires ou se détruire lui-même.
Le concept canadien de sécurité sociale
Authors: Martin Paul
Published: October 2017

L'auteur, au lieu de s'arrêter à la cristallisation, sous forme de lois, du concept de sécurité sociale, analyse le cadre actuel des mesures sociales administrées sur le plan local, fédéral et provincial; il étudie les principes sur lesquels les programmes reposent et auxquels ils doivent se conformer. Pour établir de tels programmes, il faut tenir compte des facteurs historiques, des profondes convictions religieuses, de l'expérience des sociétés anciennes et des particularités géographiques et culturelles. A l'Etat incombe la responsabilité d'aider les individus à mieux pourvoir à leur sécurité et à leur bien-être; l'Etat ne doit pas être omnipotent et détruire toute initiative privée ou collective créée dans ce sens. A chacun de leurs échelons, les administrations publiques canadiennes contribuent, d'une façon vitale, au bien-être social.
L'éthique des relations patronales-ouvrières
Authors: Briefs Goetz
Published: October 2017

Le lecteur trouvera ici la description du développement et du mécanisme de la « morale des affaires », cette éthique partielle et spécifique qui, plus souvent qu'à son tour, entre en conflit ouvert avec la morale tout court, la morale humanitaire ou chrétienne. L'auteur nous montre comment les hommes d'affaires ont usé et abusé de cette « morale », et comment les unions ont fini par l'accepter comme instrument fort commode de dialogue avec les employeurs et de victoire sur eux. L'emploi de la force a fait avancer les unions: le capitalisme n'est plus un sujet « tabou »; tout est remis en question. Mais si la puissance doit être le facteur déterminant, où allons-nous ? Vraisemblablement, vers un régime où « le Travail » régnera en maître. Mais cette domination en perspective, diffère-t-elle vraiment des autres formules totalitaires ? Il reste une chance de salut: patrons et ouvriers ont encore le recours possible à des décisions conscientes et libres. Il faut que disparaisse l'éthique d'inimitié, et que la morale traditionnelle régisse enfin les relations patronales-ouvrières. Sinon, c'est le chaos.
Le rôle du conseiller moral dans les associations professionnelles
Authors: Dion Gérard
Published: October 2017

L'auteur expose d'abord les raisons qui incitent les associations professionnelles s'inspirant de la doctrine de l'Eglise à s'adjoindre un conseiller moral auprès de leurs membres. Il étudie ensuite le rôle fondé de ce conseiller au sein des groupements patronaux et ouvriers, ses droits, ses devoirs dans le domaine propre qui lui est réservé: ce rôle est essentiellement un rôle sacerdotal.
Positions et tendances du syndicalisme ouvrier canadien
Authors: Chartier Roger
Published: October 2017

Où va le syndicalisme ouvrier canadien ? Quels sont ses objectifs immédiats et lointains ? Le lecteur trouvera une réponse partielle à ces décisives questions dans cette étude des discours, rapports et résolutions présentés lors des congrès annuels des trois principales centrales ouvrières du pays.
The Ethics of Labour-Management Relations
Authors: Briefs Goetz Anthony
Published: October 2017

In this article, the Author describes the growth of "business ethics" — partial ethics very often conflicting with integral community ethics, — their use and abuse by businessmen at large and their acceptance by unions as a practical medium for discussion with, and victory over employers. Strong pressures have proven successful to unions: Capitalism is no longer "taboo". But, if power is to be the decisive factor, what is ahead ? Labour is likely to "come into its own". Does this potential domination of Labour differ really from other forms of totalitarianism ? There lies a saving grace, for deliberate decisions may again be made by Management and Labour. Enemy ethics must disappear. Integral ethics must govern Labour-Management relations. These relations are not ruled by competition alone, nor by power alone. Either they comply with justice, or they end in chaos, organized. This article constitutes a challenge to all of us.
New Conception of Industrial Relations Research
Authors: Gosselin Emile
Published: October 2017

Following the study of a publication of the University of Minnesota, the author analyses the contents of the document dealing with a new conception of research in industrial relations.
Canadian Trade-Unionism Speaks Out
Authors: Chartier Roger
Published: October 2017

What is Canadian trade-unionism up to ? What are its immediate goals ? How do its long-term policies stand ? Part of these momentous questions are answered in this survey of the speeches delivered, the motions carried and the reports prepared on the occasion of the annual conventions of the three major labor bodies in Canada.
Profit-Sharing
Authors: Moreau Ernest
Published: October 2017

This brief report of the last Congress of the Boards of Trade of the Province of Quebec brings new suggestions for the study and application of this idea under way: profit-sharing.
Problèmes de formation professionnelle
Authors: Girard Léonce
Published: October 2017

Relèvent-ils de l'Etat ou de la profession ? — Ce qu'on en pense à Paris, Romans, Bruxelles et Rome. — Doit-on adopter une formule rigide dans le Québec ?
La conciliation des différends du travail
Authors: Ferland Jean-Paul
Published: October 2017

Nous avons cru intéresser nos lecteurs en demandant à deux conciliateurs diplômés, le premier de Laval et le second de Montréal et de Queen's, qui sont fonctionnaires au ministère provincial du Travail, de donner leurs vues sur le climat de la conciliation dans les districts de Montréal et Québec.
The Conciliation of Labour Disputes
Authors: Ferland Jean-Paul
Published: October 2017

We have asked, as a matter of interest to our readers, two Conciliators, graduated, one from Laval and the other from Montreal University and Queen's, who are officials of the Provincial Labour Department, to give their views on conciliation as it now stands, in the districts of Montreal and Quebec.
Jurisprudence du travail
Authors: Dion Denys
Published: October 2017

Afin de renseigner les lecteurs du Bulletin, le Service de recherches entreprend une chronique mensuelle de Jurisprudence du travail. En principe, cette chronique portera sur les cas courants de jurisprudence soit des cours civiles, comme la Cour Supérieure ou la Cour du Banc du Roi, soit des tribunaux d'arbitrage ou encore sur les décisions intéressantes des diverses commissions administratives provinciales ou fédérales. Il pourra même arriver qu'on étudie des décisions intéressantes des cours étrangères. Bien que notre but soit surtout de nous attacher aux cas courants, il pourra arriver que cette chronique fasse un retour sur le passé afin de présenter aux lecteurs l'analyse de cas qui demeurent, malgré le temps, d'une grande actualité. On n'est pas sans savoir, en effet, que la jurisprudence prend ses sources les plus fermes dans des décisions qui datent.
Les mouvements ouvriers
Authors: Charpentier Alfred
Published: October 2017

Nous avons invité les trois grandes centrales ouvrières canadiennes — la Confédération des travailleurs catholiques du Canada, le Congrès des métiers et du travail et le Congrès canadien du travail — à exposer dans un court article les raisons qui justifient leur existence distincte, leur position par rapport aux groupements parents et les grandes lignes de leur politique. Nous remercions M. Charpentier et M. Forsey de leur collaboration. Le C.M.T. ne nous a pas donné signe de vie.
Application de la convention collective et administration du personnel
Authors: Gagné Jean
Published: October 2017

L'attitude des employeurs devant les unions ouvrières comme unités de négociation de la convention collective de travail
L'Église et le capitalisme
Authors: Torre Comte della
Published: October 2017

On a beaucoup cité c'est temps-ci un article sur l'Eglise et le capitalisme, paru dans, « Osservatore Ronumo », sous la signature de son directeur, le comte della Torre. Nous en donnons ici de tres larges extraits.
ДЈЕЧИЈА БИБЛИОТЕКА НА ВРАТИМА ШКОЛСКЕ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ
Authors: Јокић Јелена
Published: October 2017

Поставља се питање како дјецу привући библиотеци иоријентисати према књизи а посебно ону дјецу која нису довољнозаинтересована ни за дјечију а самим тим ни за школску библиотеку?Дјечије библиотеке су много више од просторије у коју дјеца улазе дапосуђују књиге. Библиотекари имају највећу одговорност у представ-љању библиотеке дјеци, јер тај први сусрет са књигом у библиотециутиче не само на будућност односа према књизи, већ и на усвајањеодређених система вриједности. Они су активни посредници измеђудјетета и књиге, дјелују подстицајно и васпитно на људску потребу задоживотним образовањем.Школска библиотека по својој намјени и дјелатности разликује се оддјечије библиотеке, она је првенствено подршка остварењу васпитно –образовног процеса и помаже ученицима у савладавању наставничкогпрограма. Треба да служи свим корисницима унутар школске заједнице.Само заједничким радом дјечијих и школских библиотека, можемо саоптимизмом очекивати резултате наше сарадње.Циљ овог рада је побољшати сарадњу школске библиотеке и одјељењаза дјецу јавних библиотека. Рад предлаже могућа рјешења и откриванове видове сарадње.Сврха овог рада је да послужи као инспирација свим библиотекаримакоји раде са дјецом.
BIBLIOTEKE U SVETU DRUŠTVENIH MREŽA: ZNAČAJ PRISUTNOSTI BIBLIOTEKA U VIRTUELNOM PROSTORU
Authors: Adžić Aleksandra , Šuković Sonja
Published: October 2017

Uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da su društvene mreže postale načinsvakodnevnog informisanja, komuniciranja i druženja, biblioteke su se našleu poziciji da istražuju nove mogućnosti i predstavljaju svoje vrednosti udigitalnom okruženju, odnosno u okruženju u kome se korisnici bibliotekasvakodnevno nalaze. U ovom radu predstavljen je, najpre, kratak osvrt narazvoj društvenih mreža. Zatim, uzimajući u obzir izreku da biblioteke trebada budu tamo gde se nalaze korisnici, data je analiza korišćenjanajposećenijih društvenih mreža. Primerom upotrebe društvene mrežeFejsbuk predstavljen je način vođenja stranice Narodne biblioteke “StevanSremac” Niš. Takođe, u radu je opisan način na koji društvene mreže utiču nabolju reklamu i vidljivost bibliotečke delatnosti, građe, usluga i izdanja uinformatičkom hiperprostoru.
УЛОГА И ЗАДАТАК БИБЛИОТЕКА У ПРОМЈЕЊИВОМ ОКРУЖЕЊУ
Authors: Мећава Невена , Диздаревић Весна , Савановић Огњенка
Published: October 2017

Када говоримо о промјењивом окружењу у савременом добу,под тим најприје подразумијевамо утицај све бржег развојаинформативних технологија. У вртлогу таквих промјена, библиотекамора осигурати својим корисницима право на знање и право на приступинформацијама. Од пресудног значаја је начин предочавања тихинформација, те је веома важно да библиотекари буду стручне особе,обучене за различите програме како би одговорили потребама свихкорисника. Заинтересовани корисници би такође могли кроз разнерадионице и обуке у организацији библиотеке усавршити кориштењенових апликација.Улога библиотеке би требало да буде од изузетног значаја у свакојзаједници. Уколико узмемо у обзир социолошко становиште,примијетићемо да су присутне и промјене у смислу структурестановништва у локалној заједници. Усљед миграција долази докултуролошких промјена у окружењу, те библиотека мора да узмеучешћа у доприносу прилагођавања нових чланова заједнице, да подржињихову културу, језик, обичаје.
ШКОЛСКА БИБЛИОТЕКА И МЛАДИ: СА ЊИМА, А НЕ ЗА ЊИХ
Authors: Шарић Мирела , Дуновић Татјана
Published: October 2017

Школске библиотеке саставни су дио школског али ибиблиотечког система. Њихов рад који се уређује двојако - прописимаиз области образовања и прописима из области библиотекарства,условљен је односом средине у којој непосредно дјелују теафирмисаности, креативности и ентузијазма школског библиотекара.Ученици младалачке доби, из генерације у генерацију, све мањепосјећују библиотеку што за посљедицу има пад читалачких навика.Основни задатак школске библиотеке, односно школског библиотекара,је пронаћи адекватне начине и садржаје које би ученике те добипривукло, али и задржало у библиотеци. Пробуђена свијест о битностионога што библиотека нуди свакако би пробудила и ученичку потребуза читањем из више разлога: да би сазнали нешто ново, за потребеобразовања, доказивања, тражења личног идентитета исамопрепознавања.
ШТА СЕ СВЕ МОЖЕ У БИБЛИОТЕЦИ КАД СИ ТИНЕЈЏЕР Искуства Библиотеке „Влада Аксентијевић“ Обреновац
Authors: Јаношевић Ивана
Published: October 2017

Рад представља искуства Библиотеке „Влада Аксентијевић“,Обреновац у раду са младима. Од до сада реализованих до актуелнихпрограмских активности одабране су оне које су дале најбољерезултате.
ТУРИЗАМ И БИБЛИОТЕКЕ
Authors: Станковић Ружица
Published: October 2017

Туризам је једна културна потреба образованог човека, којасе креира и одржава од самог његовог рођења па до старости. Образованчовек жели да прошири видике, упозна друге културе, обиђе музеје,галерије, археолошка налазишта, а зашто не и библиотеке.У раду ће бити приказан рад сремских библиотека, културно богатствоСрема, утицај туризма, односно шансе за развој туризма и доприносбиблиотека његовом развоју.
КОНТИНУИРАНО ОБРАЗОВАЊЕ БИБЛИОТЕКАРА У БИХ КРОЗ ИСТОРИЈУ: ПОЧЕТАК И ОСТАТАК
Authors: Шарић Мирела
Published: October 2017

Недоумице које су у вези са начином организовања исадржине разних видова образовања библиотекара, у правцу промјенењихове улоге од чувара знања до информационих стручњака, иако усвијету у многоме превазиђене, у БиХ још увијек су веома интензивне.У сагледавању почетака, потешкоћа при развоју те данашње ситуације иначина на који библиотекари Босне и Херцеговине стичу нова звање,намеће се неопходност интензивнијег рада на континуираном образо-вању као императиву савременог друштва. Увођењем нових технологијау библиотекарство, мисија континуираног образовања библиотекарадобила je велики значај у савременом друштву. Нажалост, у Босни иХерцеговини се на котнтинуираном образовању библиотелкара радивеома мало или готово ништа.
И НАЈМАЊА БИБЛИОТЕКА МОЖЕ БИТИ МОЋАН КУЛТУРНО-ИНФОРМАЦИОНИ ЦЕНТАР
Authors: Вучковић Ратка , Марковић Слађана
Published: October 2017

Овај рад приказује активности једне мале, школске, сеоскебиблиотеке која руши стереотипе да је библиотека мрачно, тихо иудаљено место у које ученици залазе само када им је неопходна лектира.И најмања библиотека може бити кутак, уточиште за опуштање, али ицентар за добијање валидних информација. Од ентузијазма и креативно-сти библиотекара, флексибилности у учењу, отворености ка локалнојзаједници и спремности на сарадњу са ученицима, наставницима,родитељима и колегама библиотекарима зависи успешност, тј. да ли ћеученици проводити време у библиотеци и да ли ће бити искоришћенибиблиотечки ресурси и капацитети. Овај рад обухвата приказ искуставабиблиотекара у развијању и неговању навика читања код ученика и упримени ИКТ-а у пракси кроз информационо и медијско описмењавањенаставника и ученика. У раду су представљени: начини мотивације иорганизовања активности са ученицима и наставницима, резултати ипланирање активности у будућем периоду.
A Comparative Study of Boosters in the Discussion Section of Medical and Applied Linguistics Articles
Authors: NamazianDost Islam
Published: October 2017

This study tried to investigate the role of interpersonal meta-discourse markers such as boosters. In order to illuminate this relation, 15 medical and 15 applied linguistics articles were selected randomly from around 50 articles. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to answer the research questions to identify the frequency and percentage of booster employment in their discussion sections. Moreover, to determine the supposedly meaningful differences between booster applications in the corpus, the chi-square test was used. The findings showed that there was not any significant difference between applied and medical articles in using boosters in their discussion section. Moreover, it was found that boosters such as it is clear that, definitely, certainly, really, totally, always were the most frequent ones which were used in two groups of articles namely applied and medical articles. Since meta-discourse markers, i.e., boosters play crucial roles in mediating the relationship between what writers intend to argue and their discourse communities, the results of the present study have obvious importance in increasing students’ awareness of the way they organize their writings.
Investigation the Effect of Colloconstructural Corpus-based Instruction on Pragmalinquistic Knowledge of Request Speech Act: Evidence from Iranian EFL Students
Authors: Sabzalipour Batoul , Koosha Mansour , Afghari Akbar
Published: October 2017

The current study investigated the effect of using colloconstructional corpus-based instruction on enhancing the pragmalinguistic knowledge of speech acts of request among intermediate EFL learners. The fundamental idea was that whether providing students with on-line corpora through using colloconstruction had any effects on enhancing their pragmalinguistic knowledge of request speech act. In such doing, 60 intermediate-level subjects from several institutions in Mazandaran province, in Iran, participated in the study. Then, the subjects took a standard Oxford Placement Test (OPT) to demonstrate their English proficiency. Based on the obtained scores, they were randomly administered as two equal groups (N=30). A WDCT pre- test was conducted in each group to examine their ability and knowledge in using speech acts of request.  After 15 sessions of treatment, a WDCT posttest was conducted. The experimental group received corpus-based instruction through colloconstructional practices. In contrast, the control group only practiced learning the same speech act through traditional and old methods of learning speech acts like textbooks, audios and videos. The data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t- test. To boost the results validity, the researcher used observation and interview, too. The results revealed that speech act learning was enhanced by corpus-based instruction. Some theoretical and pedagogical implications of the study were then presented.
Incorporating Computers into Classroom: Effects on Learners’ Reading Comprehension in EFL Context
Authors: Akbar Ansarin Ali , Farrokhi Farahman , Mahboudi Hamid Reza
Published: October 2017

Owing to the importance of computer-assisted reading and considering the prominent role of learners in this respect, the present study investigated: (1) the effects of computer as a supplemental tool to support and improve the Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension in comparison with equivalent non-technological or traditional print-based treatments, (2) EFL learners’ attitudes and perception towards the computer-assisted reading course.To this purpose, 111 randomly selected groups of EFL learners participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups of control and experimental. Both groups received 10 reading lessons either through computers or through an instructor-led method. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the learners who had access to reading supports on computer screen and their counterparts in the traditional reading classes. Learners were also allowed to express their ideas on a 5-point Likert Scale. The purpose of the attitude questionnaire was to find out more information about the participants and their experiences with computer-assisted reading. Results of attitude questionnaire supported the conclusion that computers may enhance EFL learners’ motivation and interest towards learning but they do not enhance comprehension. The findings of this study support the view that technology should supplement not supplant teachers and that people read less accurately and less comprehensively on screens than on paper.
Similarities and Differences between Simultaneous and Successive Bilingual Children: Acquisition of Japanese Morphology
Authors: Itani-Adams Yuki , Iwasaki Junko , Kawaguchi Satomi
Published: October 2017

This paper compares the acquisition of Japanese morphology of two bilingual children who had different types of exposure to Japanese language in Australia: a simultaneous bilingual child who had exposure to both Japanese and English from birth, and a successive bilingual child who did not have regular exposure to Japanese until he was six years and three months old.  The comparison is carried out using Processability Theory (PT) (Pienemann 1998, 2005) as a common framework, and the corpus for this study consists of the naturally spoken production of these two Australian children. The results show that both children went through the same developmental path in their acquisition of the Japanese morphological structures, indicating that the same processing mechanisms are at work for both types of language acquisition. However, the results indicate that there are some differences between the two children, including the rate of acquisition, and the kinds of verbal morphemes acquired. The results of this study add further insight to an ongoing debate in the field of bilingual language acquisition: whether simultaneous bilingual children develop their language like a first language or like a second language.
Trips of Death and Alienation in Beckett's All That Fall
Authors: Ahmad Mohammed Mustafa
Published: October 2017

Samuel Beckett, besides writing for the stage, has during his long career written for both radio and TV. He has also written one script entitled Film which was filmed for the New York Film Festival in 1956. All That Fall was written in 1956 and it is the longest Radio play of Beckett. Suffering, a fundamental attribute of existence, constitutes the centre of Beckett's plays and the plays demonstrate, in turn, different kind or human responses to suffering. Maddy's deep sorrow and anguish at the loss of her daughter Minnie arouses her desire for an end, what she calls to be" in atoms''. Dan, Like Hamm, overcomes the Absurd by exiling himself to suffering and refusing to be intimidated or beguiled. Unlike Hamm's insistent attempts to exterminate all life, Dan understands the futility of such effort and restrains himself from giving in to that kind of impulse. But the irony is that death is all around him underscoring the fact that death and alienation are no solution to the problems of life.
Secondary School Students’ English Literacy: Use of Interactive Read Aloud Instructional Strategy
Authors: Ayu Mutiara , Dahlan Diem Chuzaimah , Vianty Machdalena
Published: October 2017

The Global era has had a great impact on the existence of English as a global language which requires students to be good at its every skill. It is believed that students’ English could be enhanced well with the use of certain strategies, one of which is Interactive Read Aloud Instructional Strategy (IRAIS). This study was aimed at examining the efﬁcacy of IRAIS to help students to improve their English literacy achievements. Forty five out of 746 students were selected randomly as sample based on their grade levels (7th, 8th, 9th) and their levels of comprehension. By using time series design, these students were given interventions for three months using IRAIS and their English achievements were obtained from pre- and post-tests of four English literacy skills. During the interventions, the progress of the students was also monitored regularly by using three formative tests.The results showed consistent progress on the students’ achievement during the interventions and upon their total English literacy achievement after the interventions. Among the four English literacy skills, the most significant improvement was in listening followed by writing, reading, and speaking. In terms of aspects of each literacy skill, the highest achievement scores were in inference of listening, narrative techniques of writing, vocabulary of reading, and vocal expression of speaking. These findings lead to the conclusion that IRAIS  is an effective strategy in helping students to improve their level of English proficiency.
The Impact of Metamemory on the EFL Students` Achievement at Taif University
Authors: Mahmoud Ismaiel Nasrah
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the current research is to scrutinize the relationship between metamemory and EFL learners` achievement. The participants were 250 first year university students who were chosen from a large sample of the preparatory year Science and Humanities streams at Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. The objective of the research is twofold: (a) to assess whether metamemory can predict English language skills achievement (listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and (b) to assess if there exist notable discrepancies between male and female students and the different academic streams (the science stream and the humanities stream) on the metamemory factors. Students` metamemory was measured by the Metamemory questionnaire (SMSQ) of Tonkovic and Vranic (2011). The results of this study show that metamemory is a good predictor of the EFL students` language learning skills achievement. It also indicates that there are differences between male and female students on the metamemory factors in favor of females. Furthermore, the findings reaffirm that there are differences between the academic streams, in favor of the science stream.
The Effectiveness of Note-Taking on Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Bahrami Farnoush , Nosratzadeh Heidar
Published: October 2017

By taking notes students could save time for reading all textbooks for their exams or for their representations.  It helps them to be vigilant all the time in class for having good notes and they have to paying attention to lectures or teachers all the time, therefore note-taking causes to listening better to lessons and lectures an also it causes to improves their comprehension when they read texts. Thus, the present study is important because note-taking could provide student’s memorization and helps them to remember what they learnt, absolutely important information. Also it accelerates to one-over their studies.The method used in this research was survey. The 40 Persian EFL learners were selected from a language institute in Karaj to participate in the present study. These learners were divided into two groups; one of them is experimental group (N=20) and the other one is control group (N=20). Pretest and post test were two instruments that were used to carry out this study, a pretest about skill of note-taking of passages of the lessons was used for both experimental and control group. This test consisted of 4 passages. The same test was administrated again as the post test for both groups by the end of the course to see the different conclusion between taking note of experimental group and control group control groups. Reliability between 4 texts is in oscillation from 0.6 to 0.81 (from 0.6 upwards). Therefore this reliability was an acceptable one. To analyze data descriptive statistics (that was contained percentage, frequency and mean score) and also inferential statistics (that was contained ANOVA, Pearson correlation, independent sample t-test, multivariate’s test, regression) were carried out by using SPSS16 soft ware. The findings confirmed that note taking is effective in reading comprehension.
Trauma Theory: No “Separate Peace” for Ernest Hemingway's “Hard-Boiled” Characters
Authors: Salam Wael , Abualadas Othman
Published: October 2017

This paper applies trauma theory to Hemingway’s post World War I writing. His work, for example, A Farewell to Arms, shows how soldiers are traumatized by their war experiences, and how they suffer from such aftereffects as flashbacks, nightmares, inability to sleep and social maladjustment. Although examining Hemingway’s work in terms of shell-shock has been established, this paper suggests that traumatized characters in Hemingway's work carry what the trauma theorist Cathy Caruth calls an “impossible history.” It suggests that survivors of trauma experience a sudden or catastrophic event that is beyond the normal realm of human experience. Since traumatized individuals often do not process catastrophic events as other normal events, they have access to it through disturbing flashbacks and nightmares. These psychological manifestations provide snippets of the individuals’ impossible history which they never fully possess or normally store. By tracing these psychological manifestations, e.g., flashbacks and nightmares, this paper shows that traumatized survivors struggle with a traumatic history, haunting them in day and night.
Factors Affecting Students� Attitudes towards E-Learning
Authors: Jovi� Marija , Kostic Stankovic Milica , Neskovic Ema
Published: October 2017

E-learning is becoming a widespread method of gaining knowledge in a global environment. Accessibility and variety of online content encourage more people to get involved in learning from digital resources. However, there has been limited research exploring the factors that could influence students� attitudes regarding e-learning. In this study, field research was conducted to determine which factors affect students� attitudes towards e-learning. The questionnaire was developed to collect data about factors that influence attitudes towards e-learning. A total of 286 students were the study cohort. Three factors were identified using principal component analysis: e-learning usefulness, ease of use, and content design. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the strength of the factors influencing attitudes towards e-learning. All factors had a significant influence on attitude towards e-learning. Usefulness of e-learning had the strongest impact on students� e-learning intention. Our study will contribute to the existing work in this field by emphasizing the importance of perception of content design on attitudes towards e-learning.
Extending SEQenv: a taxa-centric approach to environmental annotations of 16S rDNA sequences
Authors: Ijaz Ali Z. , Jeffries Thomas C. , Ijaz Umer Z. , Hamonts Kelly , Singh Brajesh K.
Published: October 2017

Understanding how the environment selects a given taxon and the diversity patterns that emerge as a result of environmental filtering can dramatically improve our ability to analyse any environment in depth as well as advancing our knowledge on how the response of different taxa can impact each other and ecosystem functions. Most of the work investigating microbial biogeography has been site-specific, and logical environmental factors, rather than geographical location, may be more influential on microbial diversity. SEQenv, a novel pipeline aiming to provide environmental annotations of sequences emerged to provide a consistent description of the environmental niches using the ENVO ontology. While the pipeline provides a list of environmental terms on the basis of sample datasets and, therefore, the annotations obtained are at the dataset level, it lacks a taxa centric approach to environmental annotation. The work here describes an extension developed to enhance the SEQenv pipeline, which provided the means to directly generate environmental annotations for taxa under different contexts. 16S rDNA amplicon datasets belonging to distinct biomes were selected to illustrate the applicability of the extended SEQenv pipeline. A literature survey of the results demonstrates the immense importance of sequence level environmental annotations by illustrating the distribution of both taxa across environments as well as the various environmental sources of a specific taxon. Significantly enhancing the SEQenv pipeline in the process, this information would be valuable to any biologist seeking to understand the various taxa present in the habitat and the environment they originated from, enabling a more thorough analysis of which lineages are abundant in certain habitats and the recovery of patterns in taxon distribution across different habitats and environmental gradients.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) and the barred owl (Strix varia; Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) confirm the presence of a duplicated control region
Authors: Hanna Zachary R. , Henderson James B. , Sellas Anna B. , Fuchs Jérôme , Bowie Rauri C.K. , Dumbacher John P.
Published: October 2017

We report here the successful assembly of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) and the barred owl (S. varia). We utilized sequence data from two sequencing methodologies, Illumina paired-end sequence data with insert lengths ranging from approximately 250 nucleotides (nt) to 9,600 nt and read lengths from 100–375 nt and Sanger-derived sequences. We employed multiple assemblers and alignment methods to generate the final assemblies. The circular genomes ofS. o. caurinaandS. variaare comprised of 19,948 nt and 18,975 nt, respectively. Both code for two rRNAs, twenty-two tRNAs, and thirteen polypeptides. They both have duplicated control region sequences with complex repeat structures. We were not able to assemble the control regions solely using Illumina paired-end sequence data. By fully spanning the control regions, Sanger-derived sequences enabled accurate and complete assembly of these mitochondrial genomes. These are the first complete mitochondrial genome sequences of owls (Aves: Strigiformes) possessing duplicated control regions. We searched the nuclear genome ofS. o. caurinafor copies of mitochondrial genes and found at least nine separate stretches of nuclear copies of gene sequences originating in the mitochondrial genome (Numts). TheNumtsranged from 226–19,522 nt in length and included copies of all mitochondrial genes excepttRNAPro,ND6, andtRNAGlu.Strix occidentalis caurinaandS. variaexhibited an average of 10.74% (8.68% uncorrectedp-distance) divergence across the non-tRNA mitochondrial genes.
Similarity Assessment of Land Surface Model Outputs in the North American Land Data Assimilation System
Authors: Kumar Sujay V. , Wang Shugong , Mocko David M. , Peters‐Lidard Christa D. , Xia Youlong
Published: October 2017

Multimodel ensembles are often used to produce ensemble mean estimates that tend to have increased simulation skill over any individual model output. If multimodel outputs are too similar, an individual LSM would add little additional information to the multimodel ensemble, whereas if the models are too dissimilar, it may be indicative of systematic errors in their formulations or configurations. The article presents a formal similarity assessment of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) multimodel ensemble outputs to assess their utility to the ensemble, using a confirmatory factor analysis. Outputs from four NLDAS Phase 2 models currently running in operations at NOAA/NCEP and four new/upgraded models that are under consideration for the next phase of NLDAS are employed in this study. The results show that the runoff estimates from the LSMs were most dissimilar whereas the models showed greater similarity for root zone soil moisture, snow water equivalent, and terrestrial water storage. Generally, the NLDAS operational models showed weaker association with the common factor of the ensemble and the newer versions of the LSMs showed stronger association with the common factor, with the model similarity increasing at longer time scales. Trade‐offs between the similarity metrics and accuracy measures indicated that the NLDAS operational models demonstrate a larger span in the similarity‐accuracy space compared to the new LSMs. The results of the article indicate that simultaneous consideration of model similarity and accuracy at the relevant time scales is necessary in the development of multimodel ensemble.