bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Blind Men and the Elephant: Meta-Ethnography 30 Years On
Authors: Brookfield Samuel , Fitzgerald Lisa , Selvey Linda , Maher Lisa
Published: February 2019

In the 30 years since its introduction, meta-ethnography has become a critical tool for synthesizing qualitative health research and providing a holistic understanding of complex health and social phenomena. Meta-ethnography has also been adapted to integrate a wider range of research methodologies, expanded to include a detailed taxonomy of research methods, and has led to the development of multiple other methods of synthesis. In this article, we describe the development of meta-ethnography, its unique research approaches, the innovations that have occurred since its inception, and potential future directions for the method. These include the need for consensus around the role of systematic database searches and critical appraisal, and a clearer path to action for clinicians interpreting qualitative research. Understanding and updating methods such as meta-ethnography will ensure that the exponentially developing field of qualitative research continues to have a meaningful and cumulative impact on complex issues of health and well-being.
Innovating Qualitative Framing Analysis for Purposes of Media Analysis Within Public Health Inquiry
Authors: Foley K. , Ward P. , McNaughton D.
Published: February 2019

Public health is said to lack methodological diversity and creativity in media analysis. Although the framing paradigm offers important conceptual and operational insights for undertaking media analysis in public health research, frames are described as “elusive” to measure with their analysis a “methodological black box.” With this article, we aim to foster creative thinking around media analysis in public health and to make the “black box” of framing analysis more transparent, by illustrating the innovation and application of a qualitative framing analysis technique in original public health research. We provide a “how to” guide for this framing analysis method and use data to illustrate methodological challenges encountered during the research. The findings drawn from this method are contrasted with findings gained from thematic analysis applied to the same data. The article concludes by considering the benefits of this type of framing analysis within public health scholarship.
Approaches to Photoprotection and Normalization in Highly Adherent Families of Children With Xeroderma Pigmentosum in the United Kingdom
Authors: Anderson Rebecca , Walburn Jessica , Morgan Myfanwy
Published: February 2019

In this study, we examine photoprotection for children with Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare genetic skin disease requiring rigorous photoprotection, to reduce risks of severe burning and skin cancers from exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We elicit the views and experiences of both children and their parents to inform the care and support provided. Qualitative semistructured interviews were undertaken with 12 child–parent dyads recruited from the National XP Specialist service in London. We employed a framework approach to analysis. This identified a high level of photoprotection based either on “protection” to facilitate normal activities or “avoidance” of outdoor activity with priority given to normality in the future. These approaches were shaped by perceptions of clinical risk, the emphasis given to a normal family life and families’ circumstances and resources. The findings contribute to notions of normalization and coping with demanding care regimens and inform approaches to working with families.
Rebuttal: Doing Phenomenology on the Things
Authors: van Manen Max
Published: February 2019

This rebuttal responds to the article “Getting it quite wrong” (published in this journal issue of QHR). My work is described as “amassing experiential descriptions,” simply aiming to “reproduce the original experience unaltered,” naively claiming “that the fundamental question of phenomenology is to understand what it is like to have this or that experience” and other such injudicious points. I take issue with these claims. Husserl is quoted as supportively stating that “phenomenology was from the beginning never supposed to be anything except the path to a radically genuine ‘strictly scientific metaphysics.’” I will show with textual examples that the presented view of phenomenology is too limited and one sided.
“It’s When the Trees Blossom”: Explanatory Beliefs, Stigma, and Mental Illness in the Context of HIV in Botswana
Authors: Becker Timothy D. , Ho-Foster Ari R. , Poku Ohemaa B. , Marobela Shathani , Mehta Haitisha , Cao Dai Thi Xuan , Yang Lyla S. , Blank Lilo I. , Dipatane Vincent Ikageng , Moeng Letumile Rogers , Molebatsi Keneilwe , Eisenberg Marlene M. , Barg Frances K. , Blank Michael B. , Opondo Philip Renison , Yang Lawrence H.
Published: February 2019

Mental illness is a common comorbidity of HIV and complicates treatment. In Botswana, stigma impedes treatment of mental illness. We examined explanatory beliefs about mental illness, stigma, and interactions between HIV and mental illness among 42 adults, from HIV clinic and community settings, via thematic analysis of interviews. Respondents endorse witchcraft as a predominant causal belief, in addition to drug abuse and effects of HIV. Respondents describe mental illness as occurring “when the trees blossom,” underscoring a conceptualization of it as seasonal, chronic, and often incurable and as worse than HIV. Consequently, people experiencing mental illness (PEMI) are stereotyped as dangerous, untrustworthy, and cognitively impaired and discriminated against in the workplace, relationships, and sexually, increasing vulnerability to HIV. Clinical services that address local beliefs and unique vulnerabilities of PEMI to HIV, integration with peer support and traditional healers, and rehabilitation may best address the syndemic by facilitating culturally consistent recovery-oriented care.
An IDEA: Safety Training to Improve Critical Thinking by Individuals and Teams
Authors: Browne Anne Marie , Deutsch Ellen S. , Corwin Krystyna , Davis Daniela H. , Teets Jeanette M. , Apkon Michael
Published: February 2019

Errors in thinking contribute to harm, delays in diagnosis, incorrect treatments, or failures to recognize clinical changes. Models of cognition are useful in understanding error occurrence and avoidance. Intra-team conflict can represent failures in joint cognitive processing. The authors developed training focused on recognizing and managing cognitive bias and resolving conflicts. The program provides context and introduces models of cognition, concepts of bias, team cognition, conflict resolution, and 2 tools. “IDEA” incorporates 4 de-biasing strategies: Identify assumptions; Don’t assume correctness; Explore expectations; Assess alternatives. “TLA” presents strategies for resolving conflicts: Tell your thoughts; Listen actively, and Ask questions. A total of 4941 care providers participated in training using didactic presentations, group discussion, and simulation. Learners rated training effectiveness at 4.68 on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 as optimum) and perceived improvement in recognizing or managing errors. Nonphysician caregivers reported greatest improvement. Training to improve critical thinking is feasible, well received, and effective.
Immigrant Opposition in a Changing National Demographic
Authors: Arora Maneesh
Published: February 2019

This article advances the argument that the effects of demographic change on individual-level immigration policy preferences is dependent on the level of segregation in the individuals’ local context. Increases in the immigrant population in highly segregated counties should increase opposition to immigration because opportunities for contact and exposure are missing and group differences are emphasized. Meanwhile, population increases in more integrated counties should lead to an alleviation of interethnic tensions due to more frequent opportunities for contact. Furthermore, whites may react differently to changes in racial/ethnic composition of a local context depending on the particular group moving into the area because some groups are closer to fulfilling Allport’s equal status contact condition than others. The empirical analysis finds strong support for the first assertion that population growth of Latina/os and Asian Americans in highly segregated areas results in support for restrictive immigration policy, while population growth in more integrated areas results in support for permissive immigration policy. The results are inconclusive for the second assertion as the effects of Asian American and Latina/o population growth are so highly dependent on segregation levels.
Metabolic Syndrome Screening in People With Severe Mental Illness: Results From Two Spanish Community Mental Health Centers
Authors: Fernández Guijarro Sara , Miguel García Carolina , Pomarol-Clotet Edith , Egea López Elena Nunilón , Burjales Martí Maria Dolors , Rigol Cuadra Maria Assumpta
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: The excess of mortality in people with severe mental illness is due to unnatural causes such as accidents or suicides and natural causes such as metabolic syndrome. The presence of modifiable risk factors like tobacco consumption increases cardiovascular and metabolic risk. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors in people with severe mental illness. This study also aimed to identify the prevalence of patients receiving treatment for any metabolic syndrome risk factor. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A total of 125 participants from two community mental health centers in Spain were recruited. RESULTS: More than half of the participants (58.4%) were active smokers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 60%. A total of 16.8% received previous treatment for hypertension, 17.6% for hypertriglyceridemia, and 11.2% for diabetes. No differences were found between centers (22.7% vs. 18.7%, p = .9). CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of monitoring the physical health of patients on antipsychotic therapy. The identification and management of cardiovascular and metabolic risks factors is an essential part of nursing care for people with severe mental illness. Mental health nurses are ideally positioned to carry out this task by performing physical health screening, health education, and lifestyle interventions.
Determining Sexual Offender Profiles From Life Trajectories
Authors: Eloir Julien , Ducro Claire , Nandrino Jean-Louis
Published: February 2019

To study qualitatively the development of a heteroaggressive behavior, we applied retrospective analytical method based on categorization of life events. The aim of this study was to establish the life trajectories of sexual offenders through interviews with second sources: the inmate’s relatives and psychologists. The life trajectories of incarcerated sexual offenders were retraced to build individual life charts. These life charts grouped individual life events into four main domains: health, life events, the relational sphere, and the judicial and prison sphere. In a sample of 40 inmate participants, four different profiles of sex offenders and therefore life trajectories were identified according to the abovementioned domains: (a) “Early life events and behavior disorders” ( n = 14), (b) “Abandonment issues” ( n = 4), (c) “Behavior and socioaffective disorders” ( n = 9), and (d) “Behavioral hyperadaptation and coldness” ( n = 13). Expert judges classified the life trajectories with satisfactory interjudge agreement ( k = 0.70). This research has clinical implications for integrating different life events into developmental trajectories and focusing psychological support for the individual.
New refined models for curved beams in both linear and nonlinear settings
Authors: Pruchnicki Erick , Dai Hui-Hui
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we derive a one-dimensional model for curved linear and nonlinear beams with no assumption on either the shape of the cross-section or the prescribed loads on the boundary of the cross-section. This model contains coupled bending, stretching and torsion effects, which is achieved by truncating the potential energy at the seventh order with respect to small transverse dimensions of the cross-section of the beam based on series expansions. In the linear case, we obtain an estimate for the difference between the exact and approximate stress tensors. Nevertheless, we can only show that for the displacement field, the solution of the approximate problem resulting from the truncation of the displacement field at the sixth order only differs from the exact displacement field by a difference of order of magnitude of the seventh order.
Using visualisation methods to analyse referral networks within community health care among patients aged 65 years and over
Authors: Palmer Ryan , Utley Martin , Fulop Naomi J , O’Connor Stephen
Published: February 2019

Community health care services are considered integral to overcoming future problems in health care. However, this sector faces its own challenges, such as how to organise services to provide coordinated care given: their physical distribution, patients using multiple services, increased patient use and differing patient needs. The aim of this work was to explore, analyse and understand patterns in community referrals for patients aged 65 years and over, and their use of multiple services through data visualisation. Working with a large community provider, these methods helped researchers and service managers to investigate questions that were otherwise difficult to answer from raw data. Each map focuses on a different characteristic of community referrals: patients reusing services, concurrent uses of different services and patterns of subsequent referrals. We apply these methods to routine patient data and discuss their implications in designing of a single point of access – a service for streamlining referrals.
Social Entrepreneurship and Social Movement Learning: A Reflective Account of the History of the TPSS Food Cooperative
Authors: Chalofsky Neal E.
Published: February 2019

The Problem

Numerous generational and satisfaction surveys for the past several years have consistently highlighted that millennials want meaningful work and make a contribution to society. Unfortunately, most organizations, especially for-profit ones, do not offer even one of these criteria, no less both. Social entrepreneurship captures the desire for both millennial goals. Unfortunately, people with the vision and creativity to make a contribution to their community or society at large lack both the social movement learning (SML) and human resource development/organization development (HRD/OD) skills to grow and direct the organization once it gets off the ground. So it dies, or ends up focused more on “the business” aspect of the mission rather than the social aspect of the mission.

The Solution

There was a social movement in the world of work that emerged during the 1970s and 1980s before the term social entrepreneurship was in use. It was called the food cooperative (co-op) movement. What has reemerged in the past decade under the banner of social entrepreneurship, such as organizations that support fair-trade practices, or collect food waste and turn it into compost for community gardens, or develop learning tools for disabled children, can learn lessons from the co-op movement of the 1970s. This article will present an account of one such food co-op and what was learned from the experience of the co-op’s growth for the past 35 years that can benefit both current and future social entrepreneurships. The article will end with a discussion focused on how SML and HRD/OD can keep today’s social entrepreneurship on the path of providing meaningful work and contributing to society.

The Stakeholders

HRD/OD specialists, adult and community education specialists, social entrepreneurship leaders, nonprofit and community leaders, and business incubators.
Reconceptualizing Social Movement Learning in HRD: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Kwon Chang-kyu , Nicolaides Aliki
Published: February 2019

The Problem

We are living in a socially polarized landscape where dualistic mind-sets govern the way we engage with social justice issues and thus failing to adequately serve all human beings.

The Solution

By bringing in Frederic Laloux’s conception of evolutionary organization, we propose that organizations can serve as catalysts for co-creative social transformation, closing the distance between organizations and society and ultimately enhancing the well-being of the whole.

The Stakeholders

This article will provide organizational leaders and human resource development (HRD) professionals with a conceptual understanding of what a new paradigm of social movement learning would look like in an emerging society where polarities are not fought against but engaged as a whole.
Restor(y)ing Health: A Conceptual Model of the Effects of Digital Storytelling
Authors: Fiddian-Green Alice , Kim Sunny , Gubrium Aline C. , Larkey Linda K. , Peterson Jeffery C.
Published: February 2019

We currently see an interdisciplinary shift toward a “participatory turn” in health research and promotion under which community engagement, shared decision making and planning, and the use of visual and digital methods have become paramount. Digital storytelling (DST) is one such innovative and engaging method increasingly used in applied health interventions, with a growing body of research identifying its value. Despite its increasing use, a standard approach to empirically assess the impacts on individuals participating in DST interventions does not currently exist. In this article, we define DST as a distinct narrative intervention, illustrate key elements that inform the methodology, and present a conceptual model to examine how DST may contribute to increased socioemotional well-being and bolster positive health outcomes. Our proposed model is informed by elements of narrative theory, Freirian conscientization, multimodality, and social cognitive theory and can serve as a guide for public health practitioners and researchers interested in assessing the potential benefits of DST as an applied health intervention. Recommendations for practice call for a rigorous methodological approach to apply and test this model across a range of health contexts and populations.
Visualization analysis of the cognitive characteristics of service designers based on linkography
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Yu Suihuai , Yu Lin
Published: February 2019

The cognitive characteristics of service designers in the design process were analyzed from the perspective of semantic linkages, and the visualization expression method of the cognitive characteristics of service designers was proposed to address the problem of absent references for constructing a high-efficiency service design team from a design cognition. The proposed method mainly determined the cognitive activity level of designers through link entropy, which was calculated on the basis of linkography. The proposed method also quantified the degrees of interaction and cooperation among designers from the cognitive activity relationship of the design team, which was constructed on the basis of linkography. An experiment based on design of transport service for thin-walled parts was conducted. Results showed that the proposed method can quantify a design cognition process, analyze cognitive features of designers effectively, and determine the compatibility among designers. The cognitive features of designers will provide scientific references for optimizing the design team.
Just add water: Prisons, therapeutic landscapes and healthy blue space
Authors: Jewkes Yvonne , Moran Dominique , Turner Jennifer
Published: February 2019

‘Healthy prisons’ is a well-established concept in criminology and prison studies. As a guiding principle to prisoners’ quality of life, it goes back to the 18th century when prison reformer John Howard regarded the improvement of ventilation and hygiene as being essential in the quest for religious penitence and moral reform. In more recent, times, the notion of the ‘healthy prison’ has been more commonly associated with that which is ‘just’ and ‘decent’, rather than what is healthy in a medical or therapeutic sense. This article interrogates the ‘healthy prison’ more literally. Drawing on data gathered from a UK prison located on a seashore, our aim is to explore prisoners’ rational and visceral responses to water in a setting where the very nature of enforced residence can have negative effects on mental health. In expanding the possibilities for the theorization of the health benefits that waterscapes may generate, and moving the discussion from healthy ‘green space’ to healthy ‘blue space’, the article reveals some of the less well-known and under-researched interconnections between therapeutic and carceral geographies, and criminological studies of imprisonment.
Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with the dual endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan: clinical evidence and experience
Authors: Belge Catharina , Delcroix Marion
Published: February 2019

Macitentan (10 mg once daily orally), a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) developed by modifying the structure of bosentan to increase the efficacity and safety, is approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The pivotal SERAPHIN trial, (a landmark trial in the history of PAH trials because of the large number of included patients, the long-term follow up and the first trial with morbidity/mortality as the primary endpoint) showed a reduction of the risk of a morbidity or mortality event by 45% over the treatment time compared with placebo. The positive effect on the primary endpoint was observed whether or not the patient was already on PAH therapy. There has been no direct comparison between macitentan and other ERAs, which were approved based on improved exercise capacity, but preclinical and clinical data suggest better pharmacological and safety profiles. Further analyses of the SERAPHIN trial investigated the predictive value of different indices and events on long-term outcome and mortality. The efficacy in children, the long-term effects and safety of macitentan and its place in combination therapy compared with other ERAs are still under investigation. This review presents the preclinical evidence of superiority of macitentan compared with other ERAs, and the available clinical trial data. The place of macitentan in the therapeutic algorithm for PAH treatment, post-marketing experience and future perspectives are discussed.
Design and analysis of longitudinal trials of antimicrobial use at the end of life: to give or not to give?
Authors: Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Allore Heather G.
Published: February 2019

This perspective review considers analytic features of the design of a longitudinal trial regarding antimicrobial therapy in older terminal cancer patients receiving palliative care. We first overview antimicrobial use at the end of life; both the potential hazards and benefits. Antimicrobial prescribing should consider both initiation as well as cessation of medications when analyzing the burden of medications. Approaches to decision making regarding antimicrobial use are presented and the importance of health literacy in these decision processes. We next present aspects of both feasibility and comparative trial design with a health literacy intervention to reduce antimicrobial use in older terminal cancer patients receiving palliative care. Considerations to clustered randomization and given that infections can reoccur over a trial period, we share suggestions of longitudinal modeling of clustered randomized trial data.
Pakistan’s “Tribal” Pashtuns, Their “Violent” Representation, and the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
Authors: Yousaf Farooq
Published: February 2019

The tribal Pashtuns of Pakistan, based in the Afghanistan–Pakistan border region, have historically been portrayed as “violent” and “warrior-like,” both in the colonial and contemporary literature. However, a brief review of archival literature suggests that oriental representation of tribal Pashtuns is based on various generalizations that were formed and propagated during the British military expeditions against the tribal Pashtuns. Moreover, these generalizations and stereotypes against the tribal Pashtuns have persisted since Pakistan’s independence in 1947. Recent developments in Pakistan’s Pashtun tribal belt, with various tribes convening Jirga meetings, condemning and countering militant activities and protesting against the state’s injustices explain the importance and desire for peace among the tribal Pashtuns. Finally, a brief analysis of the recently started Pashtun Tahafuz (protection) movement (PTM), an indigenous peace and human rights movement involving both men and women, and its nonviolent nature also reinforces the importance of peace for the tribal Pashtuns.
Between the Red and Yellow Windows: A Fine-Grained Focus on Supporting Children’s Spatial Thinking During Play
Authors: Hedge Karri , Cohrssen Caroline
Published: February 2019

With the decline in Australian school children’s mathematics skills, the spotlight is shining on the quality of early childhood mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool years. Spatial thinking—which includes spatial orientation and spatial visualization—contributes to early mathematical thinking and children have the capacity to demonstrate abstract spatial concepts both verbally and nonverbally, yet may be overlooked in practice. This qualitative study analyses selected excerpts from a corpus of video data of 4- and 5-year-old children participating in a 6-week project designed to support children’s spatial thinking skills. A conversation analytic approach is taken to demonstrate children’s spatial thinking made visible through gesture and action. Showing how this is done by analyzing the verbal and nonverbal elements of back-and-forth interactions, with explicit attention to the “how” of intentional teaching, reveals the interrelationship between learning and teaching. In addition, the critical role played by in-the-moment formative assessment of children’s demonstrated spatial thinking and the maximization of opportunities for teachers to support concept acquisition are emphasized. The analysis of authentic interactions thus serves as a provocation for professional learning.
Optimal Well-Being After Major Depression
Authors: Rottenberg Jonathan , Devendorf Andrew R. , Panaite Vanessa , Disabato David J. , Kashdan Todd B.
Published: February 2019

Can people achieve optimal well-being and thrive after major depression? Contemporary epidemiology dismisses this possibility, viewing depression as a recurrent, burdensome condition with a bleak prognosis. To estimate the prevalence of thriving after depression in United States adults, we used data from the Midlife Development in the United States study. To count as thriving after depression, a person had to exhibit no evidence of major depression and had to exceed cutoffs across nine facets of psychological well-being that characterize the top 25% of U.S. nondepressed adults. Overall, nearly 10% of adults with study-documented depression were thriving 10 years later. The phenomenon of thriving after depression has implications for how the prognosis of depression is conceptualized and for how mental health professionals communicate with patients. Knowing what makes thriving outcomes possible offers new leverage points to help reduce the global burden of depression.
Assessing Cigarette Craving With a Squeeze
Authors: Creswell Kasey G. , Sayette Michael A. , Skrzynski Carillon J. , Wright Aidan G. C. , Schooler Jonathan W. , Sehic Ela
Published: February 2019

We evaluated the utility of a nonverbal, “visceral” measure of cigarette craving (squeezing a handheld dynamometer). Nicotine-deprived daily smokers ( N = 202) underwent a cued (lit cigarette) cigarette-craving manipulation and recorded smoking urge in one of four conditions: (a) report urge using a traditional self-report rating scale (verbal measure) and then indicate urge by squeezing a dynamometer, (b) indicate urge by squeezing and then report urge verbally, (c) indicate urge only by squeezing, or (d) report urge only verbally. As hypothesized, the squeeze measure detected increases in urge during cue exposure, correlated with verbal urge, and predicted subsequent smoking motivation as indexed by smoking latency. Order effects were not observed, indicating that the squeeze measure was predictive of smoking motivation regardless of whether it was administered before or after a verbal urge measure. Squeeze measures may be viable additions to the measurement toolkit for assessing urge and other visceral states.
A Rare Case of Advanced Urethral Diverticular Adenocarcinoma and a Review of Treatment Modalities
Authors: Oluyadi Fatai , Ramachandran Preethi , Gotlieb Vladmir
Published: February 2019

Female urethral diverticular cancer is a very rare entity with only around 100 cases reported so far in literature and accounts for <1% of all malignancies. In this article, we present a 47-year-old African American female with repeated hospital visits for urinary retention, hematuria, and urinary tract infections. Initial computed tomography imaging and cystoscopy was unremarkable except for a distended urinary bladder. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and corresponding cystoscopy eventually indicated the presence of a urethral diverticulum. She underwent urethral diverticulectomy and was found to have a mass arising from urethral diverticulum extending to vaginal walls. Her biopsy was suggestive of invasive adenocarcinoma in advanced stages, for which she subsequently underwent a total pelvic exenteration. Next-generation sequencing of the tumor showed CDKN2A/B loss, MSI-stable, and low TMB, thereby ruling out the options for targeted therapies. Extensive literature search and expert opinions were sought for her case since no consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this tumor. A final decision was made to treat her with platinum-based chemotherapy. Different treatment approaches including neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery followed by chemoradiation have been tried. Platinum-based chemotherapy has generally been preferred based on an extensive literature search. Multimodality treatment approach seems to be the current approach to management for advanced stages for better overall survival. This case illustrates the challenges faced in making diagnosis and treatment decisions due to the rarity of this type of tumor and lack of consensus in the treatment approach.
Pilot Study on the Effect of Orally Administered Bisphenol A on Glucose and Insulin Response in Nonobese Adults
Authors: Hagobian Todd Alan , Bird Alyssa , Stanelle Sean , Williams Dana , Schaffner Andrew , Phelan Suzanne
Published: February 2019

Objective

To determine the effects of varying doses of orally administered BPA on indices of glucose metabolism.

Methods

Eleven college students (21.0 ± 0.8 years; 24.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2) were randomized in a double-blinded, crossover fashion separated by >1 week to placebo (PL), deuterated BPA at 4 µg/kg body weight (BPA-4), and deuterated BPA at 50 µg/kg body weight (BPA-50). Total BPA, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were assessed at baseline, minutes 15, 30, 45, 60, and every 30 minutes for 2 hours in response to a glucose tolerance test.

Results

There was a significant condition × time interaction for total BPA (P < 0.001) such that BPA increased more rapidly in BPA-50 than BPA-4 and PL (P = 0.003) and increased more rapidly in BPA-4 than PL (P < 0.001). There were no significant condition × time interactions on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. Significant condition main effects were observed for glucose such that BPA-50 was significantly lower than PL (P = 0.036) and nearly lower for BPA-4 vs PL (P = 0.056). Significant condition main effects were observed such that insulin in BPA-50 was lower than BPA-4 (P = 0.021), and C-peptide in BPA-50 was lower than BPA-4 (t18 = 3.95; Tukey-adjusted P = 0.003). Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide areas under the curve for the 3-hour profile were significantly lower in BPA-50 vs PL (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Orally administered BPA protocol appeared feasible and has immediate effects on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations.
Keeping Secrets
Authors: Rosenthal Jesse
Published: February 2019

This essay looks at literary criticism’s persistent confession of critics’ secret relations to literature. It argues that such formalized secrecy and confession are used to insist on a personal orientation toward the literary object that helps deny the institutional forces—both practical and abstract—on which criticism depends. Desire and Domestic Fiction, which focuses on the rewriting of the political and economic as the personal, offers a powerful lens for examining this process.
Judith Shakespeare’s Brother
Authors: Dowd Michelle M.
Published: February 2019

Virginia Woolf’s account of Shakespeare’s fictional sister, Judith, in A Room of One’s Own offers a productive vantage point for investigating questions of gender, authority, and inheritance in Shakespeare’s late romances. These plays are notable for their formal hybridity and their acute attention to the role of women, particularly daughters, within the patriarchal family and its attendant economic systems. They share Woolf’s interest in the economic, inheritable underpinnings of female authority, the social forms of a patrilineal culture that help demarcate the possibilities for women as subjects. Shakespeare adapts the lost-child device from Roman new comedy to make female loss central to his tragicomic plots—much as it is to Woolf’s tragic narrative of Judith. New-comic plotting offers a provisional, conservative solution to the historical problem of the heiress, but Shakespeare’s romances also at times imagine alternative configurations of genealogical knowledge.
Contradictions as Patterns in Literary History: Skepticism, Common Sense, and the Conversational Idiom of Churchill and Cowper
Authors: Komáromy Zsolt
Published: February 2019

The conversational style of William Cowper’s poetry owes much to the influence of Charles Churchill. Despite this connection, the two poets occupy different niches in literary history: Churchill is remembered as a practitioner of the declining tradition of satirical poetry, Cowper as the preeminent poet of sensibility. The conversational idiom they share, however, holds together even contrasting ideas in unreconciled suspension, and the two poets’ use of that idiom thus accommodates the radical differences in their attitudes. The resulting continuity between their bodies of work demonstrates how an understanding of literary-historical connections through a history of forms may recast the segregation of periods: it may reveal patterns that show continuities even where conflicts have led to the contrasting of period terms.
‘The Empire Floats Back’. Ariane Mnouchkine, her L’Indiade and the Nāṭyaśāstra
Authors: Chakrabarti Gautam
Published: February 2019

This paper seeks to explore certain prescriptive theorisations of the Nāṭyaśāstra and link them, in a comparative vein, with the often radical directorial approaches and experiments in post-WW2 European dramaturgical practice, especially as seen in the work of the eminent French metteur en scène, Ariane Mnouchkine (1939–), who founded the avant-garde stage ensemble Théâtre du Soleil in 1964, in Paris. Mnouchkine’s L’Indiade ou L’Inde de leurs Rêves (1987–1988), based on the learning experiences which Hélène Cixous—who wrote the play for and with her—and she had had in India during their stay and travels there, was an almost ground-breaking exploration of Indic motifs and stagement-configurations. The play will be viewed here from the perspective of ‘total theatre’, as also envisaged in the Nāṭyaśāstra. Finally, this paper will also seek to engage with theatrical and ritual boundaries in Mnouchkine’s work by looking at the reception of Indic forms of ritual-theatre in L’Indiade.
Ritual Performances in the Nāṭyaśāstra II. Food Offerings
Authors: Kintaert Thomas
Published: February 2019

In the pursuit of a better understanding of how theatrical performances relate to ritual ones in Bharata’s Nāṭyaśāstra, the whole work has been scrutinized for relevant data. This data can be assigned to three major categories: (1) prescriptive information on rituals to be performed prior to a theatrical spectacle; (2) prescriptions regarding the theatrical representation of rituals within a play; and (3) miscellaneous references that, often incidentally, afford additional insights into individual aspects of ritual performances. In view of the large extent of the compiled information, the latter is at first systematically presented in separate articles covering individual aspects of ritual performances, before being considered as a whole in the theoretical reflections and conclusions of the final article. Whereas the first article of the series dealt with a wide range of ritual items, the present one specifically looks at ritual food offerings.
Venerating Vēṭṭaykkorumakan (Son of Śiva and Pārvatī) through Ritual Arts
Authors: Sarma S. A. S.
Published: February 2019

Vēṭṭaykkorumakan is considered to be the son of Śiva and Pārvatī, born when they had assumed the form of a hunter and huntress. Although Vēṭṭaykkorumakan is considered as an incarnation, according to the narratives that are written in the local vernacular Malayalam, and known in the Malabar area of Kerala, he is considered to be only a hero too. Beside the tantric rituals that are usually performed for the deities, Vēṭṭaykkorumakan is venerated through two distinct rituals in Kerala, namely the Kaḷameḻuttuṃ Pāṭṭuṃ ritual in the southern part of Kerala, and the Teyyam ritual in northern Kerala. This article will discuss these two rituals in detail to examine how they are closely linked with theatre. Traces of the story of Śiva and Pārvatī assuming the form of a hunter and huntress in the Mahābhārata, and its influence in Sanskrit Literature and on other art forms, are briefly discussed also.
O kilku możliwych śladach duale tantum w językach indoeuropejskich
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: February 2019

On Some Possible Traces of Duale Tantum in Indo-European LanguagesThe paper is devoted to three selected Indo-European nouns that can be considered as dualia tantum. On the basis of lexical data preserved in historical Indo-European languages, I have reconstructed three probable archetypes:(1) IE. *ḱelī- (< PIE. *ḱel-ih1) f. duale tantum ‘two-component body of a human or animal’ is precisely attested in Avestan sairi f. du. tant. ‘two solid components of the human and animal body, i.e. the skin together with meat and bones; body, dead body, corpse’. The primitive dual form seems to appear in Old Indic (Vedic) śárīram n. ‘body, body frame, solid parts of the body, pl. bones’, also ‘a dead body’ (a derivative noun created by means of the suffix -ra- < IE. *-lo-), cf. also Pali sarīra- n. ‘body’, Prakrit sarira- n. ‘id.’; West Pahari sarīr, Old Gujarati saïra, sayara n. ‘body’.(2) IE. *agu̯ sī- f. sg. ‘axe’ (< PIE. *h2egu̯ s-ih1 f. du. tant. ‘double axe, two-edged battle-axe’) can be seen not only in the Germanic languages (e.g. Gothic aqisi f. ‘axe’, Old High German acchus ‘id.’, English axe ‘id.’), but also in some Greek-Latin derivatives (see Greek ἀξῑ́νη f. ‘double axe, twoedged battle-axe’, Modern Greek αξίνα f. ‘hoe, mattock, pickaxe’, Latin ascia f. ‘axe, trowel’). The original meaning ‘double axe, two-edged item’ is firmly confirmed by the Greek data.(3) IE. *oldhī- f. sg. ‘a kind of boat’ (< PIE. *h3eldh-ih1 f. du. tant. ‘a primitive boat built from two troughs’ ← *h3eldh- f. ‘trough’) is reflected in Tocharian AB olyi ‘boat’, Lithuanian eldijà f. ‘a canoe, a boat hollowed out from one trunk’, dial. aldijà f. ‘id.’, Old Church Slavic ladija f. ‘πλοῖον, σκάφη / navis, navicula’, also alъdija ‘id.’, Old Czech lodí f. ‘ship, boat’, Polish łódź f. ‘boat’ and so on. The basic noun *h3eldh- ‘trough’ is securely attested in the Germanic languages, cf. Norwegian alde f. ‘wooden trough’, Danish olde ‘id.’ (< Proto-Germanic *aldōn- f.).
Co powiem, kiedy powiem "nie powiem"?
Authors: Danielewiczowa Magdalena
Published: February 2019

What Am I Saying When I Am Saying I’m Not Saying? A Contribution to a Description of Metatextual IdiomaticsThe focus of the paper is a semantic characterization of lexical units which a) contain a negated verb powiedzieć/mówić ‘to say, to tell’; b) do not form separate utterances; c) constitute the sender’s commentary on the speech act which is being perfomed, e.g. _nie powiedziałbym, że_ ‘I wouldn’t say that’, _nie powiem_ ‘I won’t say’, _żeby nie powiedzieć_ ‘not to say that’, _nie mówiąc o_ ‘not mentioning’, nie powiem + pytajnik ‘I won’t say + question’, co/czego by nie powiedzieć,_ ‘say what you will’. All those phrases have a syncreto-egocentric character, and so their description must be carried out from the perspective of the receiver. The goal of this author was not only to reconstruct the individual meanings but also to capture the basic oppositions in this microsystem.
Metaprzymiotnikowe linguistic hedges 'istny', 'prawdziwy', 'swoisty' – kilka uwag o ich statusie semantyczno-składniowym
Authors: Doboszyńska-Markiewicz Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

Meta-adjectival Linguistic Hedges istny, prawdziwy, swoisty. Some Remarks on their Semantic-syntactic StatusThe paper presents selected semantic and syntactic features of lexemes istny ‘veritable’, prawdziwy 2‘true’, and swoisty 2 ‘specific’ (the last one has not been distinguished in lexicographic works so far).They are the Polish equivalents of those phrases which G. Lakoff includes in the class of linguistic hedges. Their function is not to distill vs obfuscate the meanings of words which they accompany in an utterance, but rather to signal the presence of the speaker and his or her choice of the appropriate predicate Y for a statement about X (about what I am talking about). The discussed phrases weaken the strength of an assertoric “statement that” because their meaning contains the component ‘X is not Y, it is only similar to it’. Dubbed unadjectival adjectives by M. Danielewiczowa, these units combine the formal features of both ordinary adjectives and metapredicative phrases, assuring them a unique place in the linguistic system.
„Czwarta piramida” Jana Karłowicza. Kartoteka pierwszego w dziejach polskiej nauki słownika etnolingwistycznego
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: February 2019

Jan Karłowicz’s “Fourth Pyramid ”. Card Index of the First Ethnolinguistic Dictionary in the History of Polish LinguisticsThe paper describes the card index of J. Karłowicz’s ethnolinguistic dictionary, identified in 2017 and currently held at the Archive of Science of Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences in Cracow. The aim is to discuss the contents of the index against the background of the achievements of contemporary Slavic ethnolinguistics and its two greatest accomplishments: Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych (ed. J. Bartmiński) and Славянские древности (ed. N.I. Tolstoj).
Kreteńskie hydronimy pochodne od nazw terenowych
Authors: Kaczyńska Elwira
Published: February 2019

Cretan Hydronyms Derived from Field NamesIn the article, the author discusses as many as 515 Cretan river names derived from proper names of various geographical objects. This group of hydronyms represents 11% of all of modern hydronyms of the island (4666 names). Most of them (501) were attested only in the 20th century. From the formal point of view, we can distinguish in the analysed semantic database: simple and composed hydronyms (respectively, 370; 71.8%, and 121; 23.5%), and elliptic river names (24; 4.7%). Numerous hydronyms have been copied from the names of Cretan gorges (110; 21.3%), slopes (51; 10%), hills and mountains (40; 7.8%), valleys and mountain valleys (32; 6.2%), caves (9), plains (8), and headlands (6).
Teoria dyskursu a stylistyka
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: February 2019

Theory of Discourse and StylisticsThe subject of this article is the structure of modern scientific knowledge in the field of communicative linguistics, including such fields and disciplines as stylistics, pragmatics (functional pragmatics), text linguistics, (new) rhetoric, discoursology, genology, etc. The author focuses on the problem of delimitation of functional stylistics and the theory of discourse, in the perspective of their subjects and thematic fields. The theoretical problem is that the multiplication of concepts, models, and terminological systems makes it unclear whether we are dealing with different concepts, with different names for the same concepts, with different linguistic objects, or with different phenomena/facts of verbal behaviour. The author offers a unified communicative basis for research in the field of style and discourse, while considering these categories within the stratification model of verbal behaviour.
Kształtowanie się terminologii fleksyjnej w polskim piśmiennictwie gramatycznym lat 1817–1939
Authors: Czelakowska Anna
Published: February 2019

Shaping of Inflection Terminology in Polish Grammatical Literature in Years 1817–1939The paper presents the process of shaping of the canon of morphological terminology in Polish grammatical literature published in years 1817–1939. The author shows the evolution of the conceptual system of inflection, while paying attention to gradual distinction between inflection and word formationterminology, and to those who created and popularized terms that function to this day. The final part of the paper reflects on the consequences of the overlap of tradition and contemporary terminological decisions, as the analysed examples show that, within Polish grammatical terminology, there co-exist separate subsystems connected with linguistic descriptions created in different methodologies and different times. The result is ambiguity of certain terms, existence of different terms for the same notion, and frequently also fuzziness of definitions. Contemporary researchers, seeking to make terminological systems more precise, must also remember about the rules of commonness and of consolidation of terms within the language, with respect to specific notions.
Siła organizacji międzynarodowych i jej wyznaczniki
Authors: Drgas Michał
Published: February 2019

The Power of International Organizations and Its DeterminantsThe article examines the power of international organizations and factors that determine its  resence and amount. It shows how international organizations are capable of using both the „classically” understood power, one that is aimed towards specific actors and causes its  ffects directly, and different forms of „structural” power that either affect the behavior of objects that remain unspecified or influence their constitution as social beings of a particular kind.  The factors that were identified as determining the power include knowledge, labor, financial resources and other material resources, acting as efficient causes, will, being the enabling cause, and authority, related to both types of causality.
Nie tylko geopolityka. Relacje rosyjsko-chińskie pod koniec drugiej dekady XXI wieku
Authors: Lubina Michał
Published: February 2019

Beyond Geopolitics. The Sino-Russian Relations in the Late 2010sSince more than a decade the international (Western) academia has been considering Sino‑Russian relations as an „Axis of Convenience”: a temporarily, shallow, tactical alliance prone to changing circumstances; a one that may turn into antagonism should international situation evolve. This approach reached its climax after Donald Trump’s victory in US Presidential elections in 2016: many believed that there would soon be „a reverse Nixon’s strategy”. The reality has falsified these theses and showed that Sino‑Russian relations have solid foundations. These more stable base of Russia‑China relations was born in late 2000s when Russian ruling elite made a choice and decided that China did not pose a threat to current Russian regime. This elite’s understanding paved a way for current Sino‑Russian rapprochement.