bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network modeling of scale-dependent dynamic capillary pressure effects in two-phase flow in porous media
Authors: Abidoye Luqman K. , Das Diganta B.
Published: April 2015

A computationally efficient and simple alternative platform for the prediction of the domain scale dependence of the dynamic capillary pressure effects, defined in terms of a coefficient named as dynamic coefficient (τ), is developed using an artificial neural network (ANN). The input parameters consist of the phase saturation, media permeability, capillary entry pressure, viscosity ratio, density ratio, temperature, pore size distribution index, porosity and domain volume with corresponding output τ obtained at different domain scales. Different ANN configurations as well as linear and nonlinear multivariate regression models were tested using a number of performance criteria. Findings in this work showed that the ANN structures with double hidden layers perform better than those with a single hidden layer. In particular, the ANN configuration with 13 and 15 neurons in the first and second hidden layers, respectively, performed the best. Using this best-performing ANN, effects of increased domain size were predicted for three separate experimental results obtained from literature and our laboratory with different domain scales. Results showed increased magnitude of τ as the domain size increases for all the independent experimental data considered. This work shows the applicability and techniques of using ANNs in the prediction of scale dependence of two-phase flow parameters.
Pump as turbine implementation in a dynamic numerical model: cost analysis for energy recovery in water distribution network
Authors: De Marchis Mauro , Freni Gabriele
Published: April 2015

In complex systems characterized by the presence of private tanks and water scarcity conditions, water managers usually apply intermittent distribution, trying to reduce the water volumes supplied to the users and pipe leakages, or use pressure reduction valves for controlling pressure in the network. The application of pumps as turbines (PATs) appears as an alternative and sustainable solution to either control network pressure or produce energy. In the present paper, the economic benefit of PAT application in water distribution networks was investigated in a small district of Palermo network (Italy). The analysis of energy recovery, carried out by means of a numerical model based on the method of characteristics, shows that PATs can lead to a very attractive economical benefit in terms of energy production.
Appropriate resolution timescale to evaluate water saving and retention potential of rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing in single houses
Authors: Campisano Alberto , Modica Carlo
Published: April 2015

The main objective of the paper is to identify the appropriate temporal scale for modeling the behavior of rainwater harvesting tanks in relation to the purpose they are built for, i.e., water saving, stormwater retention potential, etc. A tank water balance model coupled with a specific procedure to determine long-term series of rainfall (tank inflow) and toilet flushes (tank outflow) at different daily and sub-daily resolution timescales was developed. The model was applied to a household case study for which detailed water demand data are available from measurements. Simulations show that the daily scale may be reliably chosen to evaluate the tank water saving efficiency. In contrast, sub-daily resolutions (at least the hourly time step) are needed for the evaluation of the tank retention efficiency to limit inaccuracies, especially for small tanks and for high values of the water demand. Moreover, preliminary results at the 5 min time step show that rainwater tanks can help in reducing the rainfall intensity peak, basically depending on the tank storage and on the rainfall event characteristics.
The melt/shrink effect of low density thermoplastics insulates: Cone calorimeter tests
Authors: Xu Qiang , Jin Cong , Hristov Jordan , Griffin Greg , Jiang Yong
Published: April 2015

The melt/shrink effects on the fire behavior of low density thermoplastic foam have been studied in a cone calorimeter. The experiments have been performed with four samples of expanded polystyrene foams having different thicknesses and two extruded polystyrene foams. Decrease in surface area and increase in density, characterizing the melt/shrink effect have been measured at different incident heat fluxes. Three of these foams tested have been also examined by burning tests at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2. It was assessed that the fire behavior predictions based the current literature models provided incorrect results if the cone test results were applied directly. However, the correct models provided adequate results when the initial burning area and the density of the molten foam were used to correct the initial cone calorimeter data. This communication refers to the fact that both the effective burning area and the density of the molten foam affect the cone calorimeter data, which requires consequent corrections to attain adequate predictions of models about the materials fire behavior.
Analysis of the tool plunge in friction stir welding - comparison of aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351
Authors: Veljic Darko , Medjo Bojan , Rakin Marko , Radosavljevic Zoran , Bajic Nikola
Published: April 2015

Temperature, plastic strain and heat generation during the plunge stage of
the friction stir welding (FSW) of high-strength aluminium alloys 2024 T3 and
2024 T351 are considered in this work. The plunging of the tool into the
material is done at different rotating speeds. A three-dimensional finite
element (FE) model for thermomechanical simulation is developed. It is based
on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation, and Johnson-Cook material law
is used for modelling of material behaviour. From comparison of the numerical
results for alloys 2024 T3 and 2024 T351, it can be seen that the former has
more intensive heat generation from the plastic deformation, due to its
higher strength. Friction heat generation is only slightly different for the
two alloys. Therefore, temperatures in the working plate are higher in the
alloy 2024 T3 for the same parameters of the plunge stage. Equivalent plastic
strain is higher for 2024 T351 alloy, and the highest values are determined
under the tool shoulder and around the tool pin. For the alloy 2024 T3,
equivalent plastic strain is the highest in the influence zone of the tool
pin.
Tshz1 Regulates Pancreatic β-Cell Maturation
Authors: Raum Jeffrey C. , Soleimanpour Scott A. , Groff David N. , Coré Nathalie , Fasano Laurent , Garratt Alistair N. , Dai Chunhua , Powers Alvin C. , Stoffers Doris A.
Published: April 2015

The homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1 controls pancreas organogenesis, specification of endocrine pancreas progenitors, and the postnatal growth and function of pancreatic β-cells. Pdx1 expression in human-derived stem cells is used as a marker for induced pancreatic precursor cells. Unfortunately, the differentiation efficiency of human pancreatic progenitors into functional β-cells is poor. In order to gain insight into the genes that Pdx1 regulates during differentiation, we performed Pdx1 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing of embryonic day (e) 13.5 and 15.5 mouse pancreata. From this, we identified the transcription factor Teashirt zinc finger 1 (Tshz1) as a direct Pdx1 target. Tshz1 is expressed in developing and adult insulin- and glucagon-positive cells. Endocrine cells are properly specified in Tshz1-null embryos, but critical regulators of β-cell (Pdx1 and Nkx6.1) and α-cell (MafB and Arx) formation and function are downregulated. Adult Tshz1+/− mice display glucose intolerance due to defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion associated with reduced Pdx1 and Clec16a expression in Tshz1+/− islets. Lastly, we demonstrate that TSHZ1 levels are reduced in human islets of donors with type 2 diabetes. Thus, we position Tshz1 in the transcriptional network of maturing β-cells and suggest that its dysregulation could contribute to the islet phenotype of human type 2 diabetes.
Loss of β-Cell Identity Occurs in Type 2 Diabetes and Is Associated With Islet Amyloid Deposits
Authors: Spijker H. Siebe , Song Heein , Ellenbroek Johanne H. , Roefs Maaike M. , Engelse Marten A. , Bos Erik , Koster Abraham J. , Rabelink Ton J. , Hansen Barbara C. , Clark Anne , Carlotti Françoise , de Koning Eelco J.P.
Published: April 2015

Loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and β-cell dysfunction are central in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We recently showed that mature human insulin-containing β-cells can convert into glucagon-containing α-cells ex vivo. This loss of β-cell identity was characterized by the presence of β-cell transcription factors (Nkx6.1, Pdx1) in glucagon+ cells. Here, we investigated whether the loss of β-cell identity also occurs in vivo, and whether it is related to the presence of (pre)diabetes in humans and nonhuman primates. We observed an eight times increased frequency of insulin+ cells coexpressing glucagon in donors with diabetes. Up to 5% of the cells that were Nkx6.1+ but insulin− coexpressed glucagon, which represents a five times increased frequency compared with the control group. This increase in bihormonal and Nkx6.1+glucagon+insulin− cells was also found in islets of diabetic macaques. The higher proportion of bihormonal cells and Nkx6.1+glucagon+insulin− cells in macaques and humans with diabetes was correlated with the presence and extent of islet amyloidosis. These data indicate that the loss of β-cell identity occurs in T2DM and could contribute to the decrease of functional β-cell mass. Maintenance of β-cell identity is a potential novel strategy to preserve β-cell function in diabetes.
Materno-Fetal Transfer of Preproinsulin Through the Neonatal Fc Receptor Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Culina Slobodan , Gupta Nimesh , Boisgard Raphael , Afonso Georgia , Gagnerault Marie-Claude , Dimitrov Jordan , Østerbye Thomas , Justesen Sune , Luce Sandrine , Attias Mikhaël , Kyewski Bruno , Buus Søren , Wong F. Susan , Lacroix-Desmazes Sebastien , Mallone Roberto
Published: April 2015

The first signs of autoimmune activation leading to β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) appear during the first months of life. Thus, the perinatal period offers a suitable time window for disease prevention. Moreover, thymic selection of autoreactive T cells is most active during this period, providing a therapeutic opportunity not exploited to date. We therefore devised a strategy by which the T1D-triggering antigen preproinsulin fused with the immunoglobulin (Ig)G Fc fragment (PPI-Fc) is delivered to fetuses through the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) pathway, which physiologically transfers maternal IgGs through the placenta. PPI-Fc administered to pregnant PPIB15–23 T-cell receptor–transgenic mice efficiently accumulated in fetuses through the placental FcRn and protected them from subsequent diabetes development. Protection relied on ferrying of PPI-Fc to the thymus by migratory dendritic cells and resulted in a rise in thymic-derived CD4+ regulatory T cells expressing transforming growth factor-β and in increased effector CD8+ T cells displaying impaired cytotoxicity. Moreover, polyclonal splenocytes from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice transplacentally treated with PPI-Fc were less diabetogenic upon transfer into NOD.scid recipients. Transplacental antigen vaccination provides a novel strategy for early T1D prevention and, further, is applicable to other immune-mediated conditions.
On the Number of Polynomials with Coefficients In [n]
Authors: Andrica Dorin , Ionascu Eugen J.
Published: April 2015

In this paper we introduce several natural sequences related to polynomials of degree s having coefficients in {1,2, …,n} (n ∈ N) which factor completely over the integers. These sequences can be seen as generalizations of A006218. We provide precise methods for calculating the terms and investigate the asymptotic behavior of these sequences for s ∈ {1, 2, 3}.
Combinatorics on Finite Fields: the Sign Repartition for the Quadratic Residues
Authors: Bărcănescu Şerban
Published: April 2015

In the present paper we present the equivalence between the combinatorial determination of the sign repartition for the quadratic residues and non-residues to the computation of the class number of certain quadratic extensions of the field of rationals.
On Generalized Lebesgue-Ramanujan-Nagell Equations
Authors: Bérczes Attila , Pink István
Published: April 2015

We give a brief survey on some classical and recent results concerning the generalized Lebesgue-Ramanujan-Nagell equation. Moreover, we solve completely the equation x
2 + 11
a
17
b
= yn
in nonnegative integer unknowns with n ≧ 3 and gcd(x, y) = 1.
Regularity of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relations on Hypergroupoids
Authors: Cristea Irina
Published: April 2015

In this paper we introduce the notions of regular and strongly regular intuitionistic fuzzy relations on hypergroupoids, studying some related properties and connections with the classical case. Then we investigate the lattice structure of these kinds of intuitionistic fuzzy equivalences.
Euclidean Quotient Rings of Z[√−5]
Authors: Dumitrescu Tiberiu , Gica Alexandru
Published: April 2015

For a prime p, we prove elementarily that the ring Z[√−5, 1/p] is Euclidean if and only if it is a PID iff p = 2 or p is congruent to 3 or 7 modulo 20.
A Note on Coeffective 1–Differentiable Cohomology
Authors: Ida Cristian , Mercheşan Sabinşan
Published: April 2015

After a brief review of some basic notions concerning 1-differentiable cohomology, named here ď-cohomology, we introduce a Lichnerowicz ď– cohomology in a classical way. Next, following the classical study of coeffective cohomology, a special attention is paid to the study of some problems concerning coeffective cohomology in the graded algebra of 1– differentiable forms. Also, the case of an almost contact metric (2n+1)– dimensional manifold is considered and studied in our context.
Join Spaces, Soft Join Spaces and Lattices
Authors: Leoreanu-Fotea Violeta , Davvaz Bijan , Feng Feng , Chiper Codrina
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to initiate and investigate new (soft) hy-perstructures, particularly (soft) join spaces, using important classes of lattices: modular and distributive. They are used in order to study (soft) hyperstructures constructed on the set of all convex sublattices of a lattice.
Finite Geometric Spaces, Steiner Systems and Cooperative Games
Authors: Maturo Antonio , Maturo Fabrizio
Published: April 2015

Some relations between finite geometric spaces and cooperative games are considered. The games associated to Steiner systems, in particular projective and affine planes, are considered. The properties of winning and blocking coalitions are investigated.
Sur la 2-Extension Maximale Non Ramifiée de la Z2-Extension Cyclotomique de Certains Corps Quadratiques
Authors: Mouhib Ali
Published: April 2015

Soient ℓ et ℓ' deux nombres premiers distincts, k = Q(√ℓℓ') et k
∞ la Z
2-extension cyclotomique de k. Soient L
∞ la 2-extension maximale non ramifiée sur k
∞ et L
∞ la sous-extension abélienne maximale de L
∞
/k
∞. Sous certaines conditions sur les premiers ℓ et ℓ', nous etudions la structure des groupes de Galois Gal(L
∞/k
∞) et Gal(L
∞/k
∞).
Monogenic Functions in a Finite-Dimensional Semi-Simple Commutative Algebra
Authors: Plaksa S. A. , Pukhtaievych R. P.
Published: April 2015

We obtain a constructive description of monogenic functions taking values in a finite-dimensional semi-simple commutative algebra by means of holomorphic functions of the complex variable. We prove that the mentioned monogenic functions have the Gateaux derivatives of all orders. For monogenic functions we prove also analogues of classical integral theorems of the holomorphic function theory: the Cauchy integral theorems for surface and curvilinear integrals, the Morera theorem and the Cauchy integral formula.
Color Image Indexing Using Mathematical Morphology
Authors: Zaharescu Eugen
Published: April 2015

A mathematical morphology based approach for color image indexing is explored in this paper. Morphological signatures are powerful descriptions of the image content in the framework of mathematical morphology. A morphological signature (either a pattern spectrum or a differential morphological profile) is defined as a series of morphological operations (namely openings and closings) considering a predefined pattern called structuring element. For image indexing it is considered a morphological feature extraction algorithm which includes more complex morphological operators: i.e. color gradient, homotopic skeleton, Hit-or-Miss transform. In the end, illustrative application examples of the presented approach on real acquired images are also provided.
Comparative Analysis of Physical Victimization among Male and Female High School Students in Iran
Authors: Ali Veiskarami Hassan , Salimy Hossein , Zangiabadi Masumeh , Hosseini Seyyed Adnan
Published: April 2015

School bullying is a common, problematic behavior among children that can have long-term adverse consequences for the victims of bullying. School bullying may take many forms, such as physical, verbal, and relational or social. So the purpose of this study was to compare physical victimization among male and female high schools students of Boukan city in Iran in academic year 2013-14. Four schools were selected by random cluster sampling. Data collected using Iranian form of bullying victimization scale (B.V.S) and analysed with descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (One Way Variance test) using SPSS 19 software. The results showed that gender was a meaningful factor for predicting physical victimization among students thus boys had meaningfully higher average scores than girls. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i3.12440   International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (3): 2015; 9-12
Comparative Analysis of Verbal Victimization among Male and Female High School Students in Iran
Authors: Ali Veiskarami Hassan , Zangiabadi Masumeh , Hosseini Seyyed Adnan , Salimy Hossein , Jozayi Karim
Published: April 2015

School bullying and peer victimization are major social problems affecting children and adolescents in all parts of the world. School bullying may take many forms, such as physical, verbal, and relational or social. So the purpose of this study was to compare verbal victimization among male and female high schools students of Boukan city in Iran in academic year 2013-14. Four schools were selected by random cluster sampling. Data collected using Iranian form of bullying victimization scale (B.V.S) and analysed with descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (One Way Variance test) using SPSS 19 software. The results showed that gender was a meaningful factor for predicting verbal victimization among students thus boys had meaningfully a higher average score than girls. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i3.12460   International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (3): 2015; 13-17
Fragmentation of Pastoral Grazing Landscape and Herd Migratory Routes: A Case Study from Indian Central Himalaya
Authors: Das Debasish , Jha Nabi Kanta , Maikhuri Rakesh Kumar
Published: April 2015

Natural forage based migratory livestock herding is an important component of regional livelihood in the high altitude regions of Uttarakhand. Bhotiya, Van Gujjars and other hill pastoralists are traditionally engaged in migratory pastoralism. They practice cyclic seasonal migration with their livestock from foothills forests to alpine pastures and vice versa. Over the years, massive land use change and restrictions on grazing and migration in large forest areas have fragmented the pastoral landscape in the region. In 2010-11 Uttarakhand had only 1985.26 km² area designated as permanent pastures and other grazing land for the 5,121,138 grazing livestock. Creation of protected areas which is not inclusive, rapid urbanisation, increasing road networks through forests, hydro-power projects, change in social structure etc. have fragmented this traditional livelihood. There was a negative growth (-6.53%) of sheep population in state during the period 1997-2007 and negative meat production (-13.88%) during 2004-06. Himalayan pastoralism that has been ecologically sound so far is now facing a number of challenges. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i3.12462 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (3): 2015; 18-23
Evaluation of the Phosphomannose Isomerase-Based Selection System for Genetic Transformation of Sweetpotato
Authors: Mbinda Wilton , Nawiri Sylvia , Nzaro Makenzi , Kinyagia Benson , Mgutu Allan , Oduor Richard
Published: April 2015

In response to increased public concern on antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes usage in genetically modified plants, mannose was evaluated as selectable agent for the genetic transformation of sweetpotato. Nontransformed sweetpotato stem explants of cv. KSP36 were cultured on media containing various combinations and concentrations sucrose and mannose ranging from 0 to 30 g/l. Likewise, efficacy of hygromycin and kanamycin as selection agents for transformation of sweetpotato was evaluated on media containing varying concentrations of antibiotics ranging 0 to 100 mg/l. Selection agent effectiveness was determined by detecting the minimal concentration of the selection agent required to fully inhibit sweetpotato calli growth. Hygromycin was the most effective selection agent as it inhibited cell growth at concentrations above 20 mg/l. Kanamycin was moderately effective as it inhibited cell growth at 60 mg/l. Sweetpotato calli were able to grow and even produce embryos even when mannose was the only source of carbohydrates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i3.12466 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (3): 2015; 46-53
Hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of hetaryl and aryl thioketones with acetylenic dienophiles
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Grzelak Paulina , Mikina Maciej , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: April 2015

Selected hetaryl and aryl thioketones react with acetylenecarboxylates under thermal conditions in the presence of LiClO4 or, alternatively, under high-pressure conditions (5 kbar) at room temperature yielding thiopyran derivatives. The hetero-Diels–Alder reaction occurs in a chemo- and regioselective manner. The initially formed [4 + 2] cycloadducts rearrange via a 1,3-hydrogen shift sequence to give the final products. The latter were smoothly oxidized by treatment with mCPBA to the corresponding sulfones.
Passion d’amour
Authors: Pirlot Gérard
Published: April 2015

Les forces tectoniques propres à la passion amoureuse sont rappelées dans leurs effets après-coup du traumatique originel de l’humain : sa détresse, son entrée dans le langage, sa nostalgie de la fusion et la perte des idéaux parentaux, son rapport à la transgression de l’interdit œdipien…, autant de « traversées du miroir psychique » qui attendent l’adolescent. Seront ici déclinés les liens entre amour passionnel, emprise, désir et rôle du kairos , du hasard, des détails et des objets partiels, comme de l’affect de vide et de deuil dans le déclenchement du mouvement passionnel.
Du voyage d’Ulysse à celui d’Œdipe. à propos des rêves de jeunesse
Authors: Bensidoun Bernard
Published: April 2015

Partant de deux rêves de jeunesse, ceux de H. Schliemann et ceux de S. Freud, l’auteur propose d’explorer leur nature, leur rôle dans le psychisme de l’adolescent, constatant leur lien avec des défaillances de l’objet ainsi que la valeur de l’illusion dans la période de l’adolescence.
Les dérives passionnelles de l’amitié 2.0
Authors: Bourdet-Loubère Sylvie
Published: April 2015

Cet article s’intéresse aux nouvelles formes de l’amitié, dérivées des potentialités de contacts entre réalité et virtualité, et à leurs conséquences sur l’aménagement de la subjectivation à l’adolescence. Nous proposons une réflexion sur ces nouvelles formes « d’amitiés connectées » et nous discutons le risque de dérives passionnelles venant potentiellement bloquer ou pathologiser le second processus de séparation-individuation.
Nouvelles pratiques au sein d’une société addictogène
Authors: Lascaux Muriel , Couteron Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2015

L’expansion des comportements addictifs au sein de notre société renforce les influences sociales et culturelles sur les dysfonctionnements individuels. La quête du bonheur et du contrôle de soi encourage la prise de substances comme techniques efficientes. C’est aujourd’hui aux professionnels d’adapter leurs pratiques. Une recherche européenne a permis la construction d’un manuel de thérapie pour ces jeunes non demandeurs à risque : Processus d’Accompagnement et d’Alliance pour le Changement Thérapeutique.
Adèle, les métamorphoses selon Abdellatif Kechiche
Authors: Alecian Patrick , Royer Anne-Marie
Published: April 2015

La caméra d’Abdellatif Kechiche dévoile le corps sous l’emprise de la pulsion et la métamorphose de Psyché. À travers le parcours de la jeune Adèle, de son adolescence jusqu’à sa vie d’adulte, le film pose la question de la sexualité adolescente, du choix d’objet d’amour, de la féminité et de l’homosexualité.
Un mouvement d’émancipation d’une subjectivité contemporaine
Authors: Weyl Dimitri
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose de se pencher sur la figure de l’adolescence, développée et filmée par Jacques Audiard dans De battre mon cœur s’est arrêté (2005) . Et de voir comment l’image-mouvement et l’écriture cinématographique rencontrent les concepts psychanalytiques en un enrichissement réciproque. Ce film dépeint une problématique adolescente – dans une course à la jouissance perpétuelle – et nous donne à sentir les mouvements somato-psychiques qui vont permettre à ce jeune homme de s’en émanciper.
Les noms d’affect parmi les noms abstraits intensifs : nouvelles perspectives typologiques
Authors: Goossens Vannina
Published: April 2015

Dans cet article nous exposons une recherche portant sur les noms d’affect du français, réalisée à partir de l’étude d’un ensemble de 56 noms sur un vaste corpus de textes contemporains. Après une synthèse des travaux portant sur la place des noms d’affect parmi les noms abstraits, nous proposons des éléments de typologie de ce champ en nous fondant sur des observables linguistiques et en exploitant un phénomène jusque là peu étudié et exploité dans cet objectif : les phénomènes de polysémie régulière.
Action et événement, deux types nominaux distincts ?
Authors: Haas Pauline , Gréa Philippe
Published: April 2015

Nous proposons une étude basée sur corpus des noms d’aspect lexical dynamique (N DYN ) entrant dans la distribution des verbes supports actionnels accomplir , effectuer et procéder à , où ils dénotent des actions, et/ou dans celle des prédicats événementiels avoir lieu et se produire , où ils dénotent des événements. Beaucoup de N DYN peuvent dénoter une action ou un événement en fonction du contexte. Néanmoins, l’existence de noms ne dénotant que des actions ou que des événements nous mène à postuler deux types nominaux qui se distinguent par leur degré d’autonomie sémantique, leur agentivité et leur causalité.
Entretien
Authors: Deguy Michel , Pachet Pierre , Jenny Laurent , Macé Marielle , Vernet Matthieu
Published: April 2015

Invités à un dialogue autour de leurs façons d’hériter de Baudelaire, Michel Deguy et Pierre Pachet débattent ici de ce qu’ils doivent l’un et l’autre à un poète qui n’était pas seulement en délicatesse avec le monde moderne, mais qui avait surtout l’appétit de s’y ouvrir sans fléchir, d’en penser les transformations et de « recevoir » quelque chose de ses foules. La colère de Baudelaire, sa « noblesse de cœur », ses dispositions à « sortir de soi », son art du vers, les formes de son « héroïsme » et de son « élévation », la vigueur avec laquelle sa poésie se porte jusqu’à nous… : autant de jalons d’un débat réunissant deux des lecteurs majeurs de Baudelaire aujourd’hui.
Baudelaire, « le plus peuple des poètes »
Authors: Vernet Matthieu
Published: April 2015

La mère du narrateur du Contre Sainte–Beuve reprochait à Baudelaire d’être froidement cruel, et au tout premier chef, avec les membres de sa famille. Si Proust s’est attaché dans ses articles critiques à défaire cette légende pour souligner toute la charité qui habitait le poète et la proximité de sa condition avec celle des petites gens, la présence de Baudelaire dans À la recherche du temps perdu laisse entendre une lecture en réalité plus ambivalente. Le « plus peuple des poètes » a en lui une part d’humanité duelle qui oscille entre la pitié et la cruauté.
Michel Deguy, lecteur-héritier de Baudelaire
Authors: van Lerberghe Clélia
Published: April 2015

De « L’esthétique de Baudelaire » – article de 1967 – à l’ouvrage de 2012 intitulé La Pietà Baudelaire , Michel Deguy offre à son lecteur non une lecture mais une vie de lecture de Baudelaire. En poète et poéticien d’aujourd’hui, il assume un héritage de Baudelaire pour dire et donner à comprendre notre époque, pour donner un visage à notre fin de monde. L’auteur examine ici comment la méthode de lecture de Deguy s’est approfondie au fil des ans pour aboutir à la responsabilité poétique et au « don de rien  » assumés avec sensibilité et décision dans les ouvrages de ces dernières années.
L’encyclique Caritas in veritate . Une lecture
Authors: Herr Édouard
Published: April 2015

Ce texte se propose de faire une lecture de l’ensemble de l’encyclique Caritas in veritate selon une hypothèse bien précise. Il s’agit de vérifier que la totalité du texte est orientée par l’affirmation de son introduction et de sa conclusion, à savoir que la question sociale la plus décisive est la reconnaissance de Dieu comme ultime dimension de tout développement intégral. Cette hypothèse a son importance parce que nous supposons que l’introduction et la conclusion sont de la main du Pape ou de ses proches, et parce qu’elle imprime à toute l’encyclique une tournure théologique plus forte que les autres textes de la doctrine sociale de l’Église dont elle fait désormais partie.
Le livre de la nature dans l’encyclique Caritas in veritate
Authors: Dijon Xavier
Published: April 2015

Comment assurer le développement humain intégral ? La réponse donnée par Benoît XVI en sa première encyclique sociale mobilise, parmi ses références morales, une notion controversée : la nature. Pour cerner la signification de ce terme ambigu, la naissance et la finalité sont évoquées. Puis le début de la Genèse est relu pour donner à cette nature un autre sens que celui du hasard et de la nécessité. Les conséquences de cette lecture peuvent alors être tirées quant aux normes qui régissent l’action de l’être humain sur la nature et sur les corps.
Délibérer en Église : communion ecclésiale et fidélité évangélique
Authors: Borras Alphonse
Published: April 2015

Le verbe délibérer connote principalement trois actions : consulter, réfléchir et décider. Cela suppose l’écoute et le discernement. Cette étude se propose d’examiner ces harmoniques de l’acte de délibérer en Église . Leur finalité est le déploiement de l’Église comme communion, peuple de Dieu en chemin au cœur de l’histoire. La délibération en Église implique des pratiques synodales où s’opère, diversement selon les cas, le « concours de tous à l’œuvre commune » (cf. Lumen Gentium n. 30 in fine ). La raison d’être de ces processus n’est-elle pas en définitive la fidélité évangélique ?
L’Eucharistie chez Ignace d’Antioche et Polycarpe de Smyrne
Authors: de Bellescize Luc
Published: April 2015

Au II e siècle de notre ère, alors même que l’expression théologique du sacrement du corps et du sang du Seigneur en est à sa genèse, Ignace et Polycarpe attestent en leur chair livrée que l’eucharistie est un sacrifice, celui du Christ, dans lequel ils déposent leur vie en témoignage pour l’Église. Ainsi s’articule chez l’un et chez l’autre une double correspondance qui esquisse le concept de « sacramentalité » : l’évêque visible, qui préside la célébration liturgique de l’eucharistie, est identifié au Christ, évêque invisible, et le lien entre sacerdoce ministériel et sacerdoce commun des fidèles est établi par la communion des témoins à l’offrande de leur pasteur.
Le concile de Pise (1409). Le Souverain et les Grands
Authors: Goudot Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2015

L’A. tente une étude parallèle de la déposition du pape Grégoire XII et de son compétiteur Benoît XIII (1409) et de la chute de Richard II d’Angleterre (1399) et Wenceslas d’Allemagne (1400). Tous ont en commun d’avoir été déposés par leurs « Grands » (cardinaux, princes-Électeurs, pairs) en relation avec le Grand Schisme d’Occident. Les rapports entre Couronne, Souverain et Grands permettent d’élucider les attendus du concile de Pise sous l’angle d’un cardinalat particulièrement invasif, avec trois conséquences : 1) Le concile général manipulé 2) Le rôle du souverain minimisé 3) Une ambiguïté destructrice dans les fondements ecclésiologiques invoqués.
L’accueil des « migrants juifs » en Allemagne
Authors: Vapné Lisa
Published: April 2015

Cet article a pour objet de présenter la politique d’accueil spécifique menée en RFA, depuis 1991, à destination d’individus identifiés comme juifs par leurs papiers d’identité émis dans l’ex-Union soviétique. Initialement mise sur l’agenda au nom de l’accueil d’une population potentiellement victime de l’antisémitisme en Union soviétique, cette politique s’oriente par la suite vers l’objectif de reconstruire une vie juive en Allemagne grâce à cet afflux de migrants catégorisé en termes ethnoreligieux. Au cours des années 2000, alors même que l’Allemagne s’éloignait de la prédominance de l’ethnicité dans sa définition de la nation, nous expliquerons les modalités par lesquelles une telle politique a perduré notamment en interrogeant les catégorisations au sujet de l’accueil de ce groupe qui a fait l’objet de représentations positives retournées ensuite en formes de disqualification.
L’« art du contre-pied »
Authors: Weiss Pierre
Published: April 2015

Émotionnel et peu rationnel, le rapport d’identification à une équipe de football issue de l’immigration turque révèle que l’expérience de la stigmatisation est constitutive d’un « Nous » qui cimente les relations sociales. L’approche qualitative privilégiée dans cet article met en lumière ce que la mise en récit de cette identification doit à la mobilisation d’expériences aux « marges » de l’espace social. L’enjeu est de montrer que les enquêtés usent de stratégies d’identification à contre-pied. Cette dimension tactique du stigmate sert de fondation à une construction identitaire « à rebours ». Elle traduit toutefois moins un besoin d’affiliation qu’un désir de singularisation et de distinction dans un espace d’interconnaissance en voie d’ethnicisation et de paupérisation.
De la Privacy by Design à la Privacy by Using
Authors: Rallet Alain , Rochelandet Fabrice , Zolynski Célia
Published: April 2015

La privacy by design (dès la conception des dispositifs) apparaît comme une solution séduisante pour protéger les données personnelles et la vie privée. Mais elle se heurte à deux difficultés. Comment encastrer dans un dispositif technologique une norme reconnue de vie privée qui aujourd’hui n’existe plus ? Par ailleurs, l’innovation dans les services numériques repose sur un no privacy by design , c’est-à-dire sur la nécessité pour les individus de divulguer des données personnelles pour obtenir les services construits sur ces données. L’article explore une autre voie, celle de la privacy by using qui repose sur l’apprentissage par les individus de nouvelles normes de privacy . L’article en détaille les instruments et ce qui les différencie de la privacy by design .
Les architectures P2P
Authors: Musiani Francesca
Published: April 2015

L’article soutient l’idée que les architectures techniques de réseaux peuvent soutenir une approche novatrice de la protection des données personnelles. En s’appuyant sur le cas de Faroo, un moteur de recherche développé sur une architecture en pair-à-pair, l’article analyse le formatage par l’architecture de dispositifs socio-techniques pour redéfinir et répartir différemment l’allocation des droits – notamment le contrôle sur les données personnelles – entre utilisateurs, fournisseurs de service, opérateurs de réseau, fournisseurs d’accès. Puis l’article analyse les architectures P2P à l’aune de l’argument, souvent évoqué en Europe, que « nos données ne nous appartiennent pas ». Il avance que ces architectures pourraient constituer une voie stratégique originale pour la protection des données personnelles et qu’il serait opportun pour la politique d’innovation européenne de les soutenir activement.
Les modèles d’affaires numériques sont-ils trop indiscrets ?
Authors: Cecere Grazia , Le Guel Fabrice , Rochelandet Fabrice
Published: April 2015

Les méthodes de collecte des données personnelles se sont multipliées avec la diversification des services en ligne. L’objectif de l’article est de déterminer les liens entre les modèles d’affaires des entreprises sur internet et leurs stratégies de collecte de données personnelles. Les firmes qui utilisent le plus les traceurs de données de navigation sont les sites internet d’information et des journaux ainsi que les sites de communication institutionnelle des entreprises. Les sites de réseautage social et de rencontre en ligne sont moins dépendants de ces techniques et collectent directement les données personnelles par le biais des déclarations des individus. Ces résultats permettent de formuler des recommandations en matière de régulation des données personnelles.
La drague gay sur l’application mobile Grindr
Authors: Rivière Carole Anne , Licoppe Christian , Morel Julien
Published: April 2015

Grindr est un réseau social homosexuel masculin pour Smartphones, disposant d’un dispositif de géo-localisation de ses membres en temps réel À l’issue d’une enquête qualitative, cet article interroge comment les usages de l’application favorisent les opportunités de rencontres et spécifient de nouveaux modes d’interactions dans la culture de la drague gay (cruising). Nous interrogeons spécifiquement comment l’outillage technologique ré-agence les temps et les espaces de la drague qui ont cours dans le modèle de sexualité anonyme dans les territoires publics et semi-publics. Tout en transposant les codes traditionnels de drague, nous analysons comment les usages de l’application transforment les façons de faire dans le sens d’une privatisation des pratiques sexuelles donnant une place centrale au domicile.
La France et les premières heures du pentathlon moderne olympique
Authors: Heck Sandra
Published: April 2015

L’intégration du pentathlon moderne au programme des Jeux olympiques en 1912 s’est développée sous le poids de plusieurs facteurs, parmi lesquels les voix suédoises et françaises ont joué un rôle significatif. L’article s’attache notamment à l’influence française à partir de deux approches complémentaires analysant la préparation et la mise en scène du premier pentathlon moderne olympique à Stockholm entre 1909 et 1912. Il s’appuie essentiellement sur des sources imprimées françaises et internationales collectées au Comité national olympique et sportif français (CNOSF), y compris les documents de la Fédération française de pentathlon moderne (FFPM), à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), au Centre d’études olympiques du CIO (CEO) à Lausanne et aux Riksarkivet (Archives nationales) de Suède à Stockholm. La France apparaît avoir joué un rôle important dans les origines du pentathlon moderne olympique, un rôle cependant affaibli par les succès sportifs et organisationnels de la Suède.
Relational Coordination as an Indicator of Teamwork Quality: Potential Application to the Success of e-Learning at Universities
Authors: De Pablos Heredero Carmen , Haider Sajid , García Martinez Antón
Published: April 2015

Teamwork has emerged as a contemporary management technique, the no adoption of which has been considered as a cause of failure to implement change initiatives in organizations. Studying teamwork in relation to the implementation of organizational routines to improve results in on line Educational Systems is important because many practices for improving e-learning systems cannot be used without a collaborative teamwork. The relational coordination model is applied to measure teamwork to a representative sample of lecturers and students that teach on e-learning based systems in Spain and in this paper, the results are presented. Given the importance of interactions among educational professionals, the model of relational coordination is well positioned to address teamwork quality in the University contexts. However, to the researchers’ knowledge, this is the first research applying relational coordination model in the context of organizational routines implementation in e-learning processes.
Teachers’ Perceived Value, Motivations for and Adoption of Open Educational Resources in Animal and Food Sciences
Authors: Algers Anne , Silva-Fletcher Ayona
Published: April 2015

Teachers' motivations behind their view on value and adoption of open educational resources (OER) were investigated based on 101 questionnaire answers from teachers in animal welfare, animal science and food science. A factor analysis uncovered the underlying dimensions for teachers’ motives and indicated that they were complex and linked to subject area. Underlying dimensions for the motives to adopt OER were identified at three levels; individual (e.g. altruism), institutional (e.g. collaboration with peers), and societal (e.g. reaching beyond borders of the academy). The underlying dimensions for the inhibitors for adoption at individual and institutional level were challenges regarding individual competences, quality assessment and teaching practices. When using activity theory, an affinity space could be identified for teachers in animal welfare with its own norms and expectations with regards to the open educational practices. The results suggested that sharing for the benefit of others and collective collaboration with other peers were stronger incentives for teachers in the specific subject of animal welfare than it was for teachers in broader and less contested subject areas. Animal welfare teachers also had low agreement with problems such as OER being deviant to higher education and for being difficult to adapt to teaching context, and these teachers also had a higher adoption rate than other teachers. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that OER challenges the boundaries of higher education and that an affinity space can enable OER adoption.
Developing Robot Emotions through Interaction with Caregivers
Authors: Lim Angelica , Okuno Hiroshi G.
Published: April 2015

In this chapter, the authors explore social constructivist theories of emotion, which suggest that emotional behaviors are developed through experience, rather than innate. The authors' approach to artificial emotions follows this paradigm, stemming from a relatively young field called developmental or ‘epigenetic' robotics. The chapter describes the design and implementation of a robot called MEI (multimodal emotional intelligence) with an emotion development system. MEI synchronizes to humans through voice and movement dynamics, based on mirror mechanism-like entrainment. Via typical caregiver interactions, MEI associates these dynamics with its physical feeling, e.g. distress (low battery or excessive motor heat) or flourishing (homeostasis). Our experimental results show that emotion clusters developed through robot-directed motherese (“baby talk”) are similar to adult happiness and sadness, giving evidence to constructivist theories.
User Experience of Socially Interactive Robots
Authors: Alenljung B. , Lindblom J.
Published: April 2015

Socially interactive robots are expected to have an increasing importance in everyday life for a growing number of people, but negative user experience (UX) can entail reluctance to use robots. Positive user experience underpins proliferation of socially interactive robots. Therefore, it is essential for robot developers to put serious efforts to attain social robots that the users experience as positive. In current human-robot interaction (HRI) research, user experience is reckoned to be important and is used as an argument for stating that something is positive. However, the notion of user experience is noticeably often taken for granted and is neither described nor problematized. By recognizing the complexity of user experience the intended contributions can be even more valuable. Another trend in HRI research is to focus on user experience evaluation and examination of user experience. The current research paths of user experience of socially interactive robots are not enough. This chapter suggests that additional research directions are needed in order accomplish long-term, wide-spread success of socially interactive robots.
The Role of Affective Computing for Improving Situation Awareness in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations
Authors: Bishop Jonathan
Published: April 2015

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are a robotic form of military aircraft that are remotely operated by humans. Due to lack of situation awareness, such technology has led to the deaths of civilians through the inaccurate targeting of missile or gun attacks. This chapter presents the case for how a patented invention can be used to reduce civilian casualties through attaching an affect recognition sensor to a UAV that uses a database of strategies, tactics and commands to better instruct fighter pilots on how to respond while in combat so as to avoid misinterpreting civilians as combatants. The chapter discusses how this system, called VoisJet, can reduce many of the difficulties that come about for UAV pilots, including reducing cognitive load and opportunity for missing data. The chapter concludes that using UAVs fitted with VoisJet could allow for the reduction of the size of standing armies so that defence budgets are not overstretched outside of peacetime.
Unemployment and its Impact on Economic Growth in the European Union
Authors: Cetin Murat , Gunaydın Davuthan , Cavlak Hakan , Topcu Birol
Published: April 2015

Unemployment has become an increasingly serious economic and social problem in many European countries. Theoretically, unemployment has a negative effect on economic growth and development. This chapter examines the impact of unemployment on economic growth in 15 EU countries from 1984 to 2012 by using several panel data techniques. Panel unit root tests suggest that the series employed in the study are stationary at first differences. In other words, the series are integrated of order one, I(1). Panel cointegration tests show that the variables are cointegrated over the period implying a long-run relationship between the variables. Panel OLS estimations show that the impact of unemployment on economic growth is negative and statistically significant. This indicates that unemployment decreases economic growth in these countries. Finally, Granger causality tests based on vector error correction model suggest that there is a bi-directional causality between the variables in the short and long run. The findings may provide some policy implications.
Perspectives on the United Kingdom's Withdrawal from the European Union
Authors: Gözkaman Armağan
Published: April 2015

The European Community/Union has always been a controversial issue in the UK. At present, the probability of an in-or-out referendum makes it all the more divisive. Eurosceptics see a brighter future for their country outside the union both in political and economic terms. Pro-Europeans, on the other hand, maintain that British membership brings up benefits that outweigh the costs. Both sides have their arguments. The former seek success through social mobilizations and debates. The latter believe that the anti-EU stance may be costly in economic and political terms. Hence, the public must be convinced before the referendum – if it ever takes place.