bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meeting the Family court's Need for mental health and human services: A comparison of direct service and community organization approaches
Authors: Sugarman Norman , Byalin Kenneth
Published: September 2018

The family, juvenile, and domestic-relations courts face America's most pressing social problems without the requisite mental health and social services. Two alternative approaches to this dilemma—the direct service approach, which encourages the expansion of court-related mental health services, and the community organization approach, which urges the stimulation of community agencies to better serve the needs of the court population—were implemented by an experimental family court mental health service in an urban setting. Analysis of this experience suggests that there are general principles favoring the community organization approach.
Crime, Punishment, and the Criminal Law: A Psychoanalytic Summary and Analysis
Authors: Schoenfeld C. G.
Published: September 2018

This article seeks to summarize certain basic conclusions reached during a 30-year attempt to apply psychoanalytic psychology to crime, punishment, and the criminal law. Psychoanalytically derived discoveries about man's instinctual aggressiveness, and innate ways of trying to control it, are presented first. Then the conclusion is advanced that a main function of law is to help to remedy man's inability to control his aggression sufficiently so as to make life in civilized societies possible. An extended historical discussion of the development of the common law and the criminal law follows, leading to the conclusion that the criminal law seeks both to block and to express man's aggressive urgencies. Then, in a psychoanalytically oriented section devoted to criminals and criminality, the conclusion is emphasized that the criminal law's ultimate purpose has been not so much to counter successfully the threats posed by those who break the law, but rather to meet the emotional needs of the law-abiding members of society.
Save the Death Penalty for the Most Culpable Offenders
Authors: Ross Michael B.
Published: September 2018

The death penalty is a controversial topic that continues to generate heated debate in our country. Polls show that the vast majority of Americans favor the use of capital punishment. In response, politicians both in Congress and in the state legislatures have proposed measures to expand our use of the death penalty and to speed up the rate of executions. However, while this “tough on crime” rhetoric is popular, we as Americans must be careful to see that those whom we do execute are in fact the most culpable of offenders. This article explores our past use of the death penalty and proposes that we implement certain protections for the least culpable of offenders: the mentally ill, the mentally retarded, and the juvenile.
Parental Kidnapping: Can Laws Stem the Tide?
Authors: Pollet Susan L.
Published: September 2018

This article addresses the phenomenon of parental kidnapping and the legislative response to it. It includes a discussion of the federal civil response—more particularly, the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act, the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980, and the 1980 Hague Convention of the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and its implementing federal legislation. A discussion of the criminal response includes a summary of The Missing Children Act of 1982, The Missing Children's Assistance Act of 1984, The National Child Search Assistance Act of 1990, state criminal laws, and the topic of clearinghouses. There is also an analysis of civil case law involving suits arising out of loss of custody, custodial interference and related torts. The article concludes with a treatment of ways to prevent parental kidnapping, as well as recommendations regarding future legislation and judicial efforts.
“Truth Serum” and “Recovered Memories” of Sexual Abuse: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Piper August
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the Amytal interview, which is sometimes believed to be useful to indicate deception, to reveal concealed contents of the mind, or to compel disclosure of those contents. The medical literature is reviewed to determine if the procedure reliably yields information valuable in legal evaluations of adults claiming recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. The review finds that no investigator who had performed Amytal interviews endorsed them as a method of recovering accurate memories; rather, the literature repeatedly comments on several characteristics of these examinations that make them useless for this purpose. It is concluded that the Amytal interview has no legitimate use in recovered-memory cases.
Mainstreaming Disturbed Offenders in the Prison
Authors: Toch Hans
Published: September 2018

Can a prison justify maintaining an inmate in complete segregation, guarded by three officers around the clock? Or does the prison have the obligation to mainstream disturbed prisoners so as to provide them with social stimulation and developmental opportunities? The complexity of this issue of placement in special environments—particularly, in stimulus-deprived environments—is illustrated by a violent offender who presents a plausible case for the proposition that his (to date) 15-year dissociation enables him to preserve a precarious equilibrium. For this inmate, the prison-within-a-prison in which he lives is a niche that facilitates psychological survival. It follows that mainstreaming an individual thus situated must be gradually and incrementally undertaken, after notice and consultation with the prisoner and the staff.
Adoption in the Bondage of the Oedipal Myth
Authors: Mass Mili
Published: September 2018

This article examines the effect of the Oedipal myth on the axiomatic link between adoption and confidentiality. Rank's interpretation, which centers on the choice between knowing and living, is presented as an explanation for the dominance of the generally accepted policy of confidential adoption. It is proposed that confidentiality, which entails concealing the child's whereabouts from the biological parents, suggests that “Laius might kill Oedipus,” thereby attributing evil intentions to the biological parents even in cases where it is their inability, not their evil intent, that leads to the adoption of the child. It is proposed that this portrayal of biological parents might impede adoption and could be avoided if the general policy of adoption were not bound by confidentiality.
Mental illness in the workplace: The tension between productivity and reasonable accommodation
Authors: Pollet Susan L.
Published: September 2018

This article discusses the current legislation that an employer must comply with when dealing with employees who suffer from mental illness and the extent to which an employer must provide reasonable accommodations to such individuals. It includes a discussion of the standards, including the reasonable accommodation requirement, under both the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (“Rehabilitation Act”) and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”). The article also discusses recent case law involving claims under the above legislation with respect to the threshold question of whether the individual has a “qualifying handicap” and reasonable accommodation issues. The article concludes with a discussion of recommendations regarding ways in which an employer can reasonably accommodate a mentally ill employee, with a brief analysis of some of the barriers to accomplishing same.
The duty of therapists to third parties
Authors: Slovenko Ralph
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the duty that therapists owe to persons other than patients. It discusses leading cases in the law of torts, beginning with the landmark 1928 case on duty in negligence law of Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R. Co.; then the 1980 decision of Molien v. Kaiser Foundation Hospital, which drew a distinction between “direct” and “indirect” harm; then the 1976 decision of Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, which set out a theory of “special relationship” of a therapist to a person harmed by a patient; and finally the 1994 decision of Ramona v. Isabella, Rose & Western Medical Center, which involved “recovered memory” that had an adverse impact on family members of a patient. The Ramona case has raised questions about the responsibility of therapists to third persons for interpretations made to patients in the course of therapy.
Children's resiliency versus vulnerability to attachment trauma in guardianship cases
Authors: Milchman Madelyn Simring
Published: September 2018

In recent New Jersey termination of parental rights cases, expert witnesses opined that children can be resilient, recovering from loss of their psychological parents by “rebonding” to biological parents. N.J. Supreme Court judges concluded that there is a scientific conflict between research on children's resiliency and research on bonding, a conflict that raises doubt regarding the likelihood that severe and enduring harm is caused by breaking bonds to psychological parents. This article reviews the scientific evidence upon which this testimony is based and provides a framework for questioning experts in such cases.
Prison-based sex offender treatment programs in the post sexual psychopath era
Authors: Harris Patricia M.
Published: September 2018

Throughout the 1980s sex offender treatment programs proliferated in state prisons in the wake of repealed sexual psychopath legislation, driven by much favorable publicity over novel cognitive and behavioral treatment methods. This article examines the scope and likely impact of the new generation of sex offender treatment programs and concludes that heightened optimism may be premature. The new programs embody the same defects that the repeal of psychopath legislation was intended to correct. The enterprise of sex offender treatment would benefit from participation of social scientists outside of the treatment field in research on sex offenders.
Suits by adults for childhood sexual abuse: Legal origins of the “repressed memory” controversy
Authors: Williams Mary R.
Published: September 2018

In the last decade there has been a proliferation of civil lawsuits by adults claiming to be survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Many states have permitted such suits to go forward by applying some form of “delayed discovery of injury” exception to the statute of limitations. Advocates for those claiming to have been falsely accused have generated a new concept—“false memory syndrome”—as an alternative explanation for delayed memories of CSA. Its proponents claim that there is an epidemic of therapy-induced “false memories” of CSA. Psychotherapists and the profession as a whole have become involved in a heated controversy, whose substance as well as intensity is to a large extent litigation driven. To understand the controversy and get a handle on its future, it is important to examine its legal origins, history and context.
Accuracy, Timing and Circumstances of Disclosure in Therapy of Recovered and Continuous Memories of Abuse
Authors: Dalenberg Constance J.
Published: September 2018

Seventeen patients who had recovered memories of abuse in therapy participated in a search for evidence confirming or refuting these memories. Memories of abuse were found to be equally accurate whether recovered or continuously remembered. Predictors of number of memory units for which evidence was uncovered included several measures of memory and perceptual accuracy. Recovered memories that were later supported arose in psychotherapy more typically during periods of positive rather than negative feeling toward the therapist, and they were more likely to be held with confidence by the abuse victim.
Forcing the Insanity Defense on Unwilling Defendants: Best Interests and the Dignity of the Law
Authors: Miller Robert D. , Olin Jonathan , Johnson David , Doidge John , Iverson David , Fantone Emmanuel
Published: September 2018

Although the choice of which plea to enter is reserved, under common law and most statutory law, to a criminal defendant, 17 of the 48 jurisdictions that retained the insanity defense at the time of this study permit that defense to be imposed over the objections of defendants. The authors present the results of a survey of the literature, statutes, and case law that deal with forced insanity defenses, as well as a national survey of attorneys general and state forensic mental health forensic program directors, which indicate that over a third of jurisdictions permit the imposition of the insanity defense on unwilling defendants. They also present the results of a detailed survey of 50 consecutive defendants evaluated for sanity in Colorado. While respondents from the jurisdictions (including Colorado) that permit forced insanity defenses estimate that such imposition is very rare, the results from the Colorado survey indicate that, at least in that state, it represents 32% of insanity defenses initially entered. The major reason for permitting such imposed defenses is a policy preference for preserving the dignity of the law over the rights of individual competent defendants. The authors discuss the implications of that position for forensic evaluators.
Evidential Value of Therapist versus Forensic Expert Testimony
Authors: Slovenko Ralph
Published: September 2018

Who is in a better position to assist parties in the judicial process—a treater or a forensic evaluator? For ethical reasons, treaters are often urged to avoid participating in the justice system whenever possible, be it as a fact witness or as an expert, because it would likely jeopardize the therapy relationship. In any event, when a treater is called upon to testify, how helpful is his testimony? Is the testimony of a forensic evaluator less biased? Is the testimony of the evaluator more probative? Some critics, in and out of psychiatry, call into question all psychiatric testimony, be it that of a treater or of an evaluator; some even say that testimony of an evaluator often borders on perjury. Confidentiality (an obstacle to discovery) is also a matter to be taken into account—a forensic evaluator falls under the attorney-client privilege, whereas a treater falls under the psychotherapist-patient privilege, which usually falls by the wayside in litigation. These issues are explored in this article.
Child and Family Characteristics of Children's Post-separation Visitation Refusal
Authors: Radovanovic Helen , Motz Mary , Hood Eric , Tam Frances
Published: September 2018

Approximately 20% of parents who separate are unable to settle custody and/or visitation issues and seek the intervention of court-related professionals. A large proportion of children involved in these disputes are reluctant to visit or refuse to visit with one parent. This study explored the child (age, gender, birth order) and family characteristics (history of interparental conflict and violence, nature of parental concerns, parental attitude toward visitation) related to post-separation visitation reluctance and refusal among 59 children in custody/visitation disputes. The findings highlight the interaction of child and family factors in shaping children's attitudes toward visitation. Consistent with other studies, older children more often had negative attitudes about visitation. A history of interparental violence also characterized the families of children who held negative views about the visiting parent. Although custodial parents were less supportive of visitation, they were no more likely to undermine visits or denigrate the other parent when children expressed negative sentiments about visitation.
Inner-city Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Weintraub Lisa
Published: September 2018

For the first time, psychiatrists have explicitly recognized the connection between urban violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Using the new DSM-IV definition, this article reexamines the use of the PTSD insanity defense in inner-city criminal cases. After investigating the extent to which inner-city defendants meet the criteria of PTSD, the author outlines how the legal system has applied the PTSD insanity defense in criminal cases and explores the policy implications of those defenses. The author concludes that although many inner-city defendants can meet the medical and psychological criteria of PTSD, the legal system should not encourage such defenses. Instead, the author advocates using knowledge about inner-city PTSD to design creative crime-prevention strategies.
Attorneys' and Judges' Needs for Continuing Legal Education on Mental Disability Law: Findings from a Survey
Authors: Mossman Douglas , Kapp Marshall B.
Published: September 2018

Attorneys leave law school with limited knowledge and skills concerning the issues that arise in mental disability law. Yet psychiatrists and psychologists are appearing with increasing frequency as witnesses in the nation's courts, and more attorneys and judges can therefore expect to have to deal with testimony from mental health professionals. To our knowledge, this article is the first published assessment of practicing attorneys' and judges' needs for continuing legal education (CLE) on mental disability issues.

The 267 Dayton-area attorneys and 41 southwestern Ohio judges who responded to our mailed survey said that one-seventh of their cases raise issues related to mental health or mental disability.

Most responders had not taken any law school courses that dealt with mental disability issues; those who had said their courses were only modestly helpful. CLE was the attorneys' and judges' principal source of information about mental disability law. For practicing attorneys, perceived need for CLE was related to the rate at which psychological issues arose in their practices; practicing lawyers and judges were interested primarily in CLE topics that related to the types of cases they handled or heard. Three-fourths of the attorneys and 95% of the judges said they would probably or definitely attend locally offered CLE on at least one subject.

Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that traditional law school course work relating to mental disability does not give future attorneys and judges the skills and knowledge necessary to their practices (e.g., the ability to challenge expert witnesses); CLE might help remedy this deficiency. Legal educators should use our findings when thinking about law school course content and postgraduate legal education.
The Poole et al. (1995) Surveys of Therapists: Misinterpretations by Both Sides of the Recovered Memories Controversy
Authors: Lindsay D. Stephen , Poole Debra A.
Published: September 2018

Olio (1996) critically reviewed an article by Poole, Lindsay, Memon, and Bull (1995) that reported surveys of clinicians' beliefs and practices regarding their clients' memories of childhood sexual abuse. Olio's article made several apt points that correctly identified limitations on the kinds of conclusions that can be drawn from the Poole et al. data, but it also made several erroneous claims. Some of these errors have been repeated in articles citing Olio by Pope (1996, 1997) and Brown (1998). In this commentary we respond to those of Olio's criticisms with which we disagree, next briefly comment on limitations of the Poole et al. data, and then turn to a more general discussion of ways in which the Poole et al. data have sometimes been misinterpreted by both sides of the controversy regarding recovered-memory experiences.
Racial Inquiries in Depositions and Trials
Authors: Brodsky Stanley L. , Sparrow Virginia M. , Boccaccini Marcus T.
Published: September 2018

When allegations of racial insensitivity or discrimination become part of a case, attorneys need to confront racial issues head on. While serving as consultants for the defense in a civil case involving allegations of discrimination by a private business, we developed a set of general principles and guidelines to prepare attorneys and defendants to address and handle sensitive racial issues. The objectives were (1) to prepare the defendants to comfortably and honestly answer difficult questions involving racial views; and (2) to assist the attorneys in developing a line of questioning that would not be perceived as threatening or racist, but would allow them to explore fully the plaintiffs' racial beliefs. The resultant protocol for addressing racial issues provides a practical and conceptual framework that can be employed by consultants and attorneys in cases involving charges of racial discrimination.
Construct Validity of the Three-Factor Model of the Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy
Authors: Hampton Sarah L. , Vitacco Michael J. , Kosson David S.
Published: September 2018

Research suggests that ratings of interpersonal behaviors during semi-structured interviews provide valid ratings of the interpersonal component of psychopathy. Prior research suggests that Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy (IM-P) ratings are underlain by three correlated dimensions: Dominance, Grandiosity, and Boundary Violations. We examined the construct validity of the factors in a sample of 1,243 male jail inmates. Regressions indicated distinct relationships between the three IM-P factor scores and clinically relevant external correlates, after controlling for Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) Factor Two (F2) scores. Dominance was uniquely associated with cocaine and alcohol dependence. Grandiosity demonstrated a pattern of unique positive relationships with intelligence and achievement and negative relationships with negative emotionality suggestive of the nomological network identified for boldness. Boundary Violations was the only factor uniquely associated with three distinct measures of criminal conduct. This pattern of results suggests that each IM-P factor may reflect a distinct facet of the interpersonal component of psychopathy.
Modeling Response Style Using Vignettes and Person-Specific Item Response Theory
Authors: Jonas Katherine G. , Markon Kristian E.
Published: September 2018

Responses to survey data are determined not only by item characteristics and respondents’ trait standings but also by response styles. Recently, methods for modeling response style with personality and attitudinal data have turned toward the use of anchoring vignettes, which provide fixed rating targets. Although existing research is promising, a few outstanding questions remain. First, it is not known how many vignettes and vignette ratings are necessary to identify response style parameters. Second, the comparative accuracy of these models is largely unexplored. Third, it remains unclear whether correcting for response style improves criterion validity. Both simulated data and data observed from a population-representative sample responding to a measure of personality pathology (the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5]) were modeled using an array of response style models. In simulations, most models estimating response styles outperformed the graded response model (GRM), and in observed data, all response style models were superior to the GRM. Correcting for response style had a small, but in some cases significant, effect on the prediction of self-reported social dysfunction.
Re-presenting the Paralympics: (contested) philosophies, production practices and the hypervisibility of disability
Authors: Pullen Emma , Jackson Daniel , Silk Michael , Scullion Richard
Published: September 2018

Studies that have engaged parasport broadcasting, particularly through a narrative lens, have almost exclusively relied on textual and/or content analysis of the Paralympic Games as the source of cultural critique. We know far less about the decisions taken inside Paralympic broadcasters that have led to such representations. In this study – based on interviews with senior production and promotion staff at the United Kingdom’s Paralympic broadcaster, Channel 4 – we provide the first detailed examination of mediated parasport from this vantage point. We explore the use of promotional devices such as athletes’ backstories – the ‘Hollywood treatment’ – to both hook audiences and serve as a vehicle for achieving its social enterprise mandate to change public attitudes towards disability. In so doing, we reveal myriad tensions that coalesce around representing the Paralympics, with respect to the efforts made to balance the competing goals of key stakeholders and a stated desire to make the Paralympics both a commercial and socially progressive success.
Politics, power, and performativity in the newsroom: an ethnography of television journalism in Turkey
Authors: AşIk Ozan
Published: September 2018

How do political divisions within the newsroom shape negotiations around news production? This article addresses this question by examining how Turkish journalists, in their discourse and practices, represent Kurds and Arabs when interpreting and discussing current events related to the Kurdish question and the Arab Spring. The study draws upon a year of ethnographic fieldwork, and interviews conducted in 2011 and 2012, in the newsrooms of two mainstream national television channels in Turkey. It reveals how journalists with opposing political beliefs perform their representational practices by continuously modifying them according to the opinions of managerial boards. In negotiations on the portrayal of Kurds and Arabs in news reports, journalists mask or modify ‘undesired’ aspects of their individual interpretations to fit them into a dominant news frame. However, they can also challenge that frame. Based upon the observation of such negotiations, this article advances a novel definition of journalistic performance as a purposeful, strategic, and staged form of symbolic communication: an essential tool for navigating ideological conflicts in the power structure of the newsroom.
Transcultural fandom of the Korean Wave in Latin America: through the lens of cultural intimacy and affinity space
Authors: Min Wonjung , Jin Dal Yong , Han Benjamin
Published: September 2018

This article has examined how the Hallyu phenomenon is integrated into a transnational global cultural landscape, focusing on Chilean reception of K-pop. It analyzed how Hallyu fans engage with a social media-saturated environment in Chile, mapping out transnational pop cultural flows within the digital media environment through which the participatory culture of media users is spread. What is interesting is that Chilean society, in general, shows negative attitudes toward K-pop fans. More importantly, while many Chileans consider K-pop fans weird and strange, often disparaging their family members and friends for liking such music, the marginalization of K-pop fans in Chile promotes a greater sense of bonding among them through the affinity spaces of social media. Under this circumstance, most of our interviewees explained that digital media plays a vital role in the dissemination of K-pop in Chile and Latin America. Unlike Hallyu fans in other regions, K-pop fans in Chile have developed cultural intimacy specific to digital site-media, primarily in the realm of social media, and K-pop generates the creation of affinity spaces via different social media platforms.
Age, Cohort, and Social Change: Parental and Spousal Education and White Women’s Health Limitations From 1967 to 2012
Authors: Wolfe Joseph D.
Published: September 2018

A large body of research finds that the association between educational attainment and health is at historic highs for White women. Rapid changes in labor force participation, access to high-paying jobs, and gender attitudes have radically altered the meaning of education for women’s lives and their dependence on the socioeconomic attainments of their families. Drawing on three nationally representative longitudinal surveys conducted from 1967 to 2012, this study examines how personal, parental, and spousal attainments contribute to the widening education gap in health for successive cohorts of White women ( N = 8,405). Overall, the health of women did not change substantially across cohorts, but results did uncover cohort differences among low-educated women that were linked to parental and spousal educational attainments and personal earnings. These findings confirm growing educational inequalities in health and demonstrate the importance of historical context and family attainments when examining cohort variation in the education–health relationship.
Automatically refining synonym extraction results: Cleaning and ranking
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: September 2018

Synonyms are crucial resources for many semantic applications, and the issue of synonym extraction has been studied extensively. However, extraction accuracy still cannot meet the practical demands. In addition, manually refining extraction results is time consuming. This article focuses on refining synonym extraction results by cleaning and ranking. A new graph model, the synonym graph, is proposed for the purpose of transforming the synonym extraction result of each word into a directed graph. Following this, two approaches for refining synonym extraction results are proposed based on the synonym graph. The first approach divides each extraction result into two parts – synonyms and noise – and detects noise by analysing the connectivity of the synonym graph. The second approach ranks the words in each extraction result by computing their semantic distance in the synonym graph. This approach was found to be more flexible than the first. The results of the experiments conducted in this study indicate that the performance of both of our proposed approaches is effective. In particular, they were found to perform well with datasets containing large synonym extraction results, which is important to reducing the cost of refining.
Selective brain cooling: Let us have a moment of science
Authors: Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Colbourne Fred , Al Sultan Abdulaziz S , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M
Published: September 2018

Selective brain cooling is a promising advent for reducing final infarct volume and improving outcomes in ischemic stroke victims. Despite the robust body of evidence from animal studies, evidence supporting the use of selective hypothermia in stroke patients is lacking. A recent study provided promising results on the safety and possible efficacy of selective brain hypothermia via intraarterial infusion of cooled saline. Better understanding of the patients’ population that may attain benefit from this approach will be informative. Details of infarct progression using perfusion imaging will also help understand the mechanism of effect of selective hypothermia to inform future trials.
Hand strength and dexterity in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome: a pilot intervention study
Authors: Hsu Wan-Ling , Chiu Valeria Jia-Yi , Chang Wei-Hsiu , Lin Mei-Chun , Wei Jang-Ting , Tzeng I-Shiang
Published: September 2018

Objective

The study aim was to examine the hand function (hand strength and dexterity) and intervention effects of training in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS).

Methods

Six adults with PWS (two females; mean age 26.14 years) underwent hand muscle strength and dexterity training for 3 months (2 hours per week). The following hand function tests were performed pre- and post-intervention: (1) hand grip, lateral pinch, and tip pinch hand strength tests, (2) the Box and Block test (BBT) for gross manual dexterity and (3) the Purdue Pegboard test for finger dexterity.

Results

Before treatment, all subjects showed lower hand grip, lateral pinch, tip pinch strength, and poorer manual/finger dexterity relative to healthy adults. After training, hand function scores improved on many test items, but only the left hand tip pinch and the right hand BBT performance showed significant improvements.

Conclusions

All subjects showed lower hand strength and poorer manual/finger dexterity compared with healthy adults; this should be considered during physical training programs. Owing to limitations in the intervention intensity and possible subject behavioral deficits, further research is needed to clarify the effects of this intervention on hand function in PWS patients.
Rescue of four pediatric patients with severe influenza A (H3N2) in Weifang, China
Authors: Li Tianhua , Qi Ningning , Gao Xiaona , Yu Haili
Published: September 2018

In this report, we summarize our experience of rescuing four children with severe type A H3N2 influenza from January to February 2017 in Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong Province, China for reference in clinical treatment. Two boys and two girls, ranging in age from 3 months to 6 years, with fever, cough, and asthma, were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. All children had severe pulmonary infection with respiratory distress. Three children had myocardial damage, two had liver damage, and one had encephalitis. One child had a history of bronchial asthma and one had severe spinal muscular atrophy. After all four children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, they were provided active and effective organ function support and ventilator-assisted respiration. They were treated with gamma globulin, methylprednisolone, and antibiotics. Three children were treated with anti-influenza drugs and recovered from influenza; one child died even before antiviral treatment intervention on the first day. Definite diagnosis of the cases was through clinical manifestations, supplemented by laboratory tests, such as influenza virus H3N2 rapid antigen detection and nucleic acid detection. Early antiviral therapy, high-dose glucocorticoids and immunoglobulins, and systemic comprehensive rescue might be important for rescuing children with severe influenza A (H3N2).
Added value of contrast echocardiography in characterization of nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pi Shufang , Liu Yingwu , Li Tong , Peng Wenjin , Wang Dong , Huang Lei , Kang Ningdong
Published: September 2018

Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) is a group of noncoronary heterogonous myocardial diseases. The heterogonous nature of NICM has impeded its diagnosis. In the present case series, we demonstrate the added value of using contrast echocardiography in the characterization of NICM. Two patients of advanced age were admitted for possible acute coronary syndrome, which was subsequently excluded by coronary angiography. Conventional and contrast echocardiography revealed characteristic structural and dynamic features of the left ventricle that were compatible with two distinct NICM diseases: stress-induced cardiomyopathy and noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. Contrast echocardiography characterizes the cardiac structure and allows for real-time assessment of myocardial motion and perfusion. It may help to distinguish diseases with different etiologies.
Epistemic Communities in Urban Self-organization
Authors: de Bruijn Ewald , Gerrits Lasse
Published: September 2018

The application of the concept of self-organization has grown over time in the field of urban planning, but with various interpretations. This article presents a systematic review that aims to uncover whether different uses of self-organization are tied to epistemic communities. Through coding and bibliographical analysis, it became apparent that there are two epistemic communities that emphasize different conceptualizations of self-organization. They investigate different issues, use different methods, and find different results. At the one hand, authors use self-organization in modeling approaches, particularly revolving around topics such as economic geography and urban growth. At the other hand, authors use self-organization as surrogate for self-governance, often studied with qualitative methods.
Relationships Between the Capabilities and Export Performance of Korean Clothing and Textiles SMEs and the Moderating Effects of Export Mode on These Relationships
Authors: Chung Jae-Eun , Yang Heesoon , Won Jong-Hyeon
Published: September 2018

The authors proposed hierarchical (stepwise) regression models to test the hypothesized relationships between capabilities and the export performance of Korean clothing and textiles small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), along with the moderating effects of export mode (exporting own-brand products versus exporting products under original equipment manufacturing [OEM] contracts) on these relationships. The authors show that both technological capability (TC) and the ability to leverage foreign-distributor capabilities (ALFDCs) are positively related to strategic export performance; marketing capability (MC) is positively related to financial export performance; TC and the ALFDCs are related more strongly to strategic export performance for SMEs exporting own-brand products than those exporting under OEM contracts; and MC is related more strongly to financial export performance for SMEs exporting own-brand products than those exporting under OEM contracts. In addition, strategic export performance is positively related to financial export performance. From these results, the authors offer implications for managers and future researchers.
Drag as a Resource: Trans* and Nonbinary Individuals in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Rogers Baker A.
Published: September 2018

Through 32 in-depth surveys with drag kings, I ask how do trans*/nonbinary individuals find a way to make a home in the Southeastern United States? I answer this by examining the use of drag kinging as a resource to explore gender identity and find resources for gender transition. This study adds to previous research on drag kinging by expanding beyond large cities and college towns to include a broader look at the Southeast, where queer lives have often been rendered invisible. I highlight the importance of geographic location on attitudes about gender and resources available to trans*/nonbinary people. In contrast to other areas of the country, trans*/nonbinary drag kings in the Southeast use drag as a place to explore a “felt” identity that is stifled in the broader culture.
Efficiency, Productivity and Targets: The Gap between Ideology and Reality in the Call Centre
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: September 2018

This article draws upon data from an ethnographic study of a UK call centre to investigate the claims of efficiency and productivity that underpin service occupations. Neoliberal ideology valorises competition, profitability and the free market, imperatives which filter down to organisational level and manifest as the pursuit of efficiency. The evidence in this paper highlights how the call centre’s quest for efficiency is undermined by inefficiencies that are inherent in management implementation of work routines designed to maximise efficiency. While management practice and automated work routines may not be efficient, they do generate specific outcomes; the oppression, abuse and domination of employees both in relation to conditions of employment and working conditions.
“Real-World” Application of Thrombolysis in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Smith Susan E. , Johnson Daniel C.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Current guidelines recommend consideration of thrombosis as a reversible cause of cardiac arrest. The use of thrombolytic therapy during cardiac arrest, however, is controversial.

Objective:

We sought to characterize the use of thrombolytic therapy during cardiac arrest and to evaluate the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a “real-word” setting.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective, cohort study of adult patients who received alteplase during cardiac arrest between 2010 and 2015 were performed at a tertiary academic medical center.

Results:

Twenty-six patients were identified. Patients were predominantly male (65%) and Caucasian (89%) and were a median age of 64 years. Five patients had a history of preexisting venous thromboembolism, and eight patients were receiving systemic anticoagulation. Pulmonary embolism was confirmed prior to the administration of alteplase in 5 patients. The median dose of alteplase administered was 100 mg. ROSC was achieved in 65% of patients, 2 of whom survived to hospital discharge. Both surviving patients experienced a bleeding event.

Conclusion:

In a single center’s experience, thrombolytic therapy is used infrequently for the management of cardiac arrest. Thrombolysis during cardiac arrest should be considered on a case-by-case basis and should be utilized only when there is a high suspicion for pulmonary embolism as the cause of arrest and when thrombolytic therapy is readily available.
Genetic evidence for a western Chinese origin of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum)
Authors: Hunt Harriet V , Rudzinski Anna , Jiang Hongen , Wang Ruiyun , Thomas Mark G , Jones Martin K
Published: September 2018

Broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum) is a key domesticated cereal that has been associated with the north China centre of agricultural origins. Early archaeobotanical evidence for this crop has generated two major debates. First, its contested presence in pre-7000 cal. BP sites in eastern Europe has admitted the possibility of a western origin. Second, its occurrence in the 7th and 8th millennia cal. BP in diverse regions of northern China is consistent with several possible origin foci, associated with different Neolithic cultures. We used microsatellite and granule-bound starch synthase I ( GBSSI) genotype data from 341 landrace samples across Eurasia, including 195 newly genotyped samples from China, to address these questions. A spatially explicit discriminative modelling approach favours an eastern Eurasian origin for the expansion of broomcorn millet. This is consistent with recent archaeobotanical and chronological re-evaluations, and stable isotopic data. The same approach, together with the distribution of GBSSI alleles, is also suggestive that the origin of broomcorn millet expansion was in western China. This second unexpected finding stimulates new questions regarding the ecology of wild millet and vegetation dynamics in China prior to the mid-Holocene domestication of millet. The chronological relationship between population expansion and domestication is unclear, but our analyses are consistent with the western Loess Plateau being at least one region of primary domestication of broomcorn millet. Patterns of genetic variation indicate that this region was the source of populations to the west in Eurasia, which broomcorn probably reached via the Inner Asia Mountain Corridor from the 3rd millennium BC. A secondary westward expansion along the steppe may have taken place from the 2nd millennium BC.
How do we make sense of chaos? Navigating health research regulation through the liminality of the Brexit process
Authors: Laurie Graeme
Published: September 2018

This article examines the Brexit process through the anthropological lens of liminality. As a concept that explains the impact of change and transformation on human experience, it is argued that liminality is an especially valuable perspective to understand better the phenomenon of Brexit, particularly as to how this might impact on the regulation of human health research. A central feature of liminality is its attention to process; that is, the identification of milestone thresholds within a series of events involving change. More particularly, liminality has a degree of predictive power about certain influencing factors on transformational processes and their outcomes. In this regard, the pivotal role of law is subjected to close scrutiny in the period leading up to March 29, 2018: one year before the so-called Brexit Day. The European Union (EU) (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017 was the threshold trigger for the Brexit process, while the EU Withdrawal Bill 2017–2019 has as its objective the shepherding through of the United Kingdom in its departure from the EU. The argument is made that these events are liminal moments in European legal and human history; moreover, lessons from history are used to identify the specific implications for human health research as an area of human activity that will be profoundly impacted by the Brexit process. This analysis also provides a means to reflect on the broader implications of what a disruptive process such as Brexit means for law generally.
Wandering as a Sociomaterial Practice: Extending the Theorization of GPS Tracking in Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wherton Joseph , Greenhalgh Trisha , Procter Rob , Shaw Sara , Shaw James
Published: September 2018

Electronic tracking through global positioning systems (GPSs) is used to monitor people with cognitive impairment who “wander” outside the home. This ethnographic study explored how GPS-monitored wandering was experienced by individuals, lay carers, and professional staff. Seven in-depth case studies revealed that wandering was often an enjoyable and worthwhile activity and helped deal with uncertainty and threats to identity. In what were typically very complex care contexts, GPS devices were useful to the extent that they aligned with a wider sociomaterial care network that included lay carers, call centers, and health and social care professionals.

In this context, “safe” wandering was a collaborative accomplishment that depended on the technology’s materiality, affordances, and aesthetic properties; a distributed knowledge of the individual and the places they wandered through, and a collective and dynamic interpretation of risk. Implications for design and delivery of GPS devices and services for cognitive impairment are discussed.
Impact of Cardiac Risk Factors in the Postsurgical Outcomes of Patients With Cleft Palate: Analysis of the 2012-2014 NSQIP Database
Authors: Goodenough Christopher J. , Anderson Kathryn T. , Smith Kari E. , Hanfland Robert A. , Wadhwa Nitin , Teichgraeber John F. , Greives Matthew R.
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To assess the risk of complication in patients undergoing cleft palate repair with congenital cardiac comorbidities in a large, national cohort.

Design:

Retrospective review.

Patients/Setting:

Using the 2012-2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Pediatric database, patients undergoing cleft palate repair were selected for analysis. Patients with cleft palate repairs were stratified based on the presence or absence congenital cardiac comorbidities. Univariate and stepwise forward logistic regression were conducted.

Main Outcome Measures:

It is hypothesized that risk of postoperative adverse events in patients with congenital cardiac comorbidities is higher than in patients without cardiac disease.

Results:

Nationally, between 2012 and 2014, 3240 patients underwent cleft palate repair, 422 (13.0%) with cardiac disease, and 2818 (87.0%) without cardiac disease. Patients with cardiac disease were smaller (10.5 [6.6] kg vs 11.6 [8.6] kg, P < .01) and more likely to be premature (4.6% vs 13.0%, P < .01) compared to those without cardiac disease. Postoperatively, patients with cardiac conditions were more likely to experience an adverse event (8.8% vs 4.2%, P < .01). Specifically, they were more likely to experience reintubation (1.7% vs 0.4%, P < .01), reoperation (2.1% vs 0.6%, P < .01), and longer length of stay (2.7 [7.0] vs 1.6 [2.8] days, P < .01). Rates of surgical site infection and dehiscence were not different.

Conclusions:

Cleft palate repair in patients with concurrent congenital cardiac defects is a safe procedure but carries elevated risk in the postoperative period as demonstrated in this analysis of the NSQIP-Pediatric database. Technical risks are equivalent. Additional anesthesia and surgical awareness of these potential complications is essential to minimize perianesthesia risks.