bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le statut du jeu vidéo en droit international
Authors: Martin Charles
Published: October 2022

Le jeu vidéo est devenu l’un des médias de divertissement les plus prolifiques de notre époque au tournant du nouveau millénaire. Malgré son importance, la qualification juridique de l’œuvre vidéoludique est ambiguë et un travail reste à faire pour cerner sa nature en droit. La présente étude aborde les interrogations liées aux jeux vidéo sous l’angle du débat commerce – culture en droit international et reconnaît que celui-ci comporte une dimension culturelle au sens de la Conventionde 2005de l’UNESCO. Ces caractéristiques uniques font en sorte que le jeu vidéo est bien plus qu’un simple objet de divertissement et bénéficie du cadre juridique réservé aux produits culturels considérés comme des expressions culturelles au titre de l’instrument de l’UNESCO.Par ailleurs, l’industrie du jeu vidéo, hautement subventionné par les États exportateurs, est confrontée aux règles du système commercial multilatéral del’OMC. Si les composantes culturelles confèrent un statut particulier au jeu vidéo, cela n’est pasgarant d’un traitement spécifique en droit international économique à l’instar des autres produits culturels dans ce bras de fer opposant commerce et culture. Bien que les règles de l’OMC puissent être un frein au développement national du jeu vidéo, la véritable problématique réside dans la qualification réservée au jeu vidéo entre les notions de bien et de service qui en appellent à deux régimes juridiques distincts.
Synthesis of vanadium oxide nanoplate for electrochemical detection of amaranth in food samples
Authors: Zaeimbashi Reza , Mostafavi Ali , Shamspur Tayebeh
Published: October 2022

Amaranth dye is an organic compound largely used in the food and beverage industries with potential toxicity effects on humans. In this paper, a new electrochemical sensor used for the determination of amaranth in foods was reported, where a kind of V2O5 nanoplate (V2O5-NPs) was employed as electrode modifying materials. The V2O5 nanoplate modified electrode enhanced its electrochemical signal obviously in the determination of amaranth in foods and exhibited a wider linear response ranging from 0.1-270.0 µM with a low detection limit of 0.04 ± 0.001 µM (3Sb/m). This work offers a new route in developing new electrochemical sensors for the determination of colorant additives and other hazardous components in foods.
Screen-printed carbon electrode/natural silica-ceria nanocomposite for electrochemical aptasensor application
Authors: Zakiyyah Salma Nur , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty , Firdaus M. Lutfi , Subroto Toto , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni
Published: October 2022

A nanocomposite of natural silica and ceria was synthesized to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to develop an aptasensor to detect epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) protein in urine as a biomarker of hypertension. The method steps were the synthesis of natural silica-ceria nanocomposite using the hydrothermal method, obtaining of natural silica nanoparticles from the extraction of alkaline silica sand and ceria nanoparticles from cerium nitrate, modification of SPCE/natural silica-ceria, immobilization of aptamer through streptavidin-biotin, and detection of ENaC protein conc­entration. Box-Behnken’s design was employed to determine the optimal con­ditions of aptamer concentration (0.5 μg mL-1), streptavidin incubation time (30 min), and aptamer incubation time (1 hour), respectively. Differential pulse voltam­metry (DPV) characterization of the developed electrochemical aptasensor revealed that the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox peak current increased from 3.190 to 9.073 μA, with detection and quantification limits of 0.113 and 0.343 ng mL-1, respectively. The method is proven as a simple and rapid method to monitor ENaC levels in urine samples.
Agri-entrepreneurial training needs of tribal youth in Odisha state, India
Authors: DASH D , AMARDEEP AMARDEEP , KAMESWARI V L V , BHARDWAJ N
Published: October 2022

Tribal youth form a considerable part of the country’s tribal population. They face risks related to education,employment, training, drug and alcohol addiction, illiteracy, malnutrition, powerlessness, etc. Making tribal youthemployable is quite challenging and the government is putting efforts towards conducting skill-based training butstill, there is a lack of proper strategy. Agri-enterprises in tribal areas will be able to channelize tribal youth in aneffective manner for regional and consequently national development. Descriptive and analytical research designwas used to meet the objectives of the study. Twelve villages from 3 blocks of Koraput district of Odisha in the year2019–20 were selected purposively. A sample of 246 tribal youth was selected through proportional allocation byusing Cochran’s formula. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of the sub areas under each major area ofagricultural enterprise and was found to be high (a–0.91). Training needs of tribal youth in various agri-enterpriseswere calculated through the Borich model of Training Need Assessment. It was found that the village was the mostfavourable place for receiving training for about 7–15 days in a group of 21–30 members in the evening hours fromOctober to December. Scientists and grass-root extension workers were preferred the most for conducting regularized agricultural trainings along with periodic follow-up visits by trainers for monitoring their progress. This research will assist the trainers in designing location-specific training module and help the policy makers to design suitable policies for tribal youth who aspire to take agricultural enterprises.
Vertical distribution of heavy metals in soil profile of peri-urban areas of Haryana
Authors: SAVANOOR VINAYAK V , YADAV RAJPAUL , LOUHAR GANPAT
Published: October 2022

Soil serves as a sink for various heavy metals where they present long period of time in the soil and create a manyharmful effects on soil health. A survey was carried out in peri-urban areas of Mohindergarh and Narnaul city, Haryanairrigated by sewage and tube-well water. Study was conducted on vertical distribution of heavy metals in profile soilsamples. Soil samples were analyzed for initial properties of soil and DTPA extractable heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd,Cr, Pb, Ni and Co). The results revealed that the soluble heavy metals, viz. Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Co content in bothsewage and tube-well irrigated profile soil samples decreased with increased depth of soil in both Mohindergarh andNarnaul areas. But, the Ni content increased with depth in both areas of sewage and tube-well irrigated soils. It isconcluded that the profile soil samples were found below the permissible limit of soluble heavy metals concentration.
Soil microbial properties as influenced by agri-silvi-horticultural system under semi-arid region of Haryana
Authors: DEVI SONIA , BHARDWAJ K K , DAHIYA GARIMA , SHARMA M K , DHILLON R S , DEVI PRIYANKA
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out at Forestry Research Farm, CCSHAU, Hisar to assess the effect of agri-silvi-horticulturalsystem, i.e. on different soil microbial properties. Surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were collected randomly and thenthese samples were immediately used for analyzing potentially mineralizable nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon,dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and urease activity under 3 treatments (5 replications), i.e. control(wheat), Kinnow + wheat and Kinnow + Eucalyptus + wheat. Significant improvement in soil biological propertieswas observed under tree-based system as all biological properties were recorded highest in Kinnow + Eucalyptus +wheat system followed by Kinnow + wheat as compared to control. Dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activitywere higher under Kinnow + Eucalyptus + wheat (69.3 and 33.8%) followed by Kinnow + wheat (39.6 and 12.2%)over control. Similarly, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and urease activity were observed to be higher under Kinnow+ Eucalyptus + wheat (50.3 and 31.9%) followed by Kinnow + wheat (28.9 and 12.3%) over control. A linearpositive regression relationship was observed among organic carbon vs. microbial biomass carbon. The coefficientof determination for organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon explained variability of 98.3%. The result of thestudy showed that tree-based agroforestry system can significantly increase the soil biological properties. Based onthe present study, it was suggested that soil microbiological activities can be enhanced by adopting agroforestry ortree-based system.
Salicylic acid improves seed germination through modulating antioxidant enzymes under salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: P VIJAYAKUMAR H , R DHANDAPANI , G SOMASUNDARAM , S NATARAJAN , RAJENDRAN AMBIKA , K SWARNALAKSHMI , G JOSHY C , M BORAIAH K
Published: October 2022

An experiment was conducted to investigate the role of Antioxidant Enzymes (AOE) in Salicylic Acid (SA) induced salt-stress tolerance during chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed germination at ICAR- Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau during 2018. Results showed the differential germination performance of salt-sensitive (PG 186) and salt-tolerant (CSG 8962) chickpea cultivars under three levels (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl) of salt stresses. Salt stress adversely affected the seed germination and traits of early seedling establishment in PG 186 cultivar than in CSG 8962. Sand matrix priming (SMP) of seeds using SA @ 150 ppm improved the germination (up to 2 times) and other seed quality parameters in sensitive cultivar under higher (150 mM NaCl) salt-stress level. Further investigating the role of SA on modulating AOE, a negative influence of SA on major AOE (POX, CAT and GR) was observed in cotyledons of PG 186 genotype under high salt stress. However, the level of APX was observed to be constitutively higher in tolerant CSG 8962 chickpea genotype. The summary of results suggested that, SA alleviates oxidative stress through reducing major AOE in cotyledon to improve chickpea seed germination.
Performance of marker-assisted backcross bread-wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Unnat PBW 343 under diverse environments
Authors: RAM HARI , GUPTA NEHA , SINGH GURBRINDER , KAUR HARWINDER , KAUR JASPAL , SRIVASTVA PUJA
Published: October 2022

The field studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of newly developed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Unnat PBW 343 through marker-assisted backcross breeding under different sowing environments. Theexperiment was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during rabi 2014–15 to 2016–17 in splitplot design replicated thrice with two main plot treatments [timely sown conditions–1st week of November and late sown conditions–1st week of December] and five wheat genotypes (Unnat PBW 343, PBW 343, HD 2967, PBW 621 and WH 1105) including one developed through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Based on the pooled analysis, timely sown crop recorded significantly higher grain yield (23.8%) than late sown crop. Lowest yellow rust score was recorded in Unnat PBW 343 over all the check varieties. Among wheat varieties, mean grain yield of Unnat PBW 343 was the highest and statistically at par with PBW 621 and WH 1105 in different years and showed  ignificantimprovement over check varieties PBW 343 and HD 2967. So, Unnat PBW 343 found to be resistant to yellow rustand can be sown under timely sown conditions in northwestern Indian conditions.
Pollinators community of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and their role in reproductive success of quality production
Authors: MEENA N K , KANT K , MEENA R S , MEENA R D
Published: October 2022

To ascertain the pollinator community of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and the potential pollinators for quality seed production, a field experiment was conducted at ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan for two years. The pollinator community of ajwain was composed with 34 insect species in 7 orders and 14 families. Most of insect pollinators started their foraging at 9.00 hr and reached their respective peak activity between 12.00 to 14.00 hr and ceased at 18.00 hr. Three honeybee species Apis florea, A. mellifera and A. dorsata foraged for nectar and pollen, whereas butterfly species foraged for nectar and all Dipteran flies foraged either for nectar collection or for both nectar and pollen. Ten floral visitors (Hymenoptera-5 species, Diptera-4 species and Coleoptera-1 species) were identified as most important and potential pollinators of ajwain crop for semi-arid region performed higher foraging rate and visitation frequency. The higher seed yield of ajwain (1364.13 kg/ha) was recorded in bee pollination (BP) plots with slightly lower than sugar attractant and open pollination mode, whereas lowest yield was obtained without insect pollination (WIP)-control (844.43 kg/ha seed yield) plots. Bee pollination services increased the seed yield of ajwain by 61.54% over control and also enhanced the seed test weight and essential oil of seed in term of quality.
Assessment of knowledge and adoption pattern of post-harvest management practices by Maharashtrian onion farmers
Authors: SAHU SUBHASHREE , SHARMA J P , BURMAN R R , VARGHESE ELDHO , SHARMA R R , KUMAR PRAMOD
Published: October 2022

Horticulture sector in India is witnessing a continuous expansion. Simultaneously, a significant amount of produce is lost due to the post-harvest losses. Studies report a wide gap between the rate of technology development by research institutes and the uptake of the same by grass-root farmers. This can be attributed to the lack of information or in-depth knowledge about such technologies. The present study has examined the current status of onion farmers' knowledge and the level of adoption of the recommended pre-harvest and post-harvest management practices. The study was carried out during 2020 in purposively selected Junnar and Dindori blocks of Pune and Nashik districts, Maharashtra respectively. The study revealed that 40% of the respondents clustered under the high knowledge category and 41.67% respondents displayed medium level of adoption. Majority of the respondents were knowledgeable and adopted practices like harvesting at the optimum time and correct stage of maturity, proper handling, curing, sorting, grading, and packaging at field level. However, they overlooked the adoption of certain essential practices, for instance selection of suitable cultivars, nursery management, application of bio-fertilizers, bio-fungicides, market intelligence and secondary processing. The emphasis should be to devise a mix of appropriate extension strategies to narrow down the knowledge-practice gap faced by the onion farmers.
Efficacy of 5-sulpho salicylic acid to improve vase life of gladiolus
Authors: JAIN RITU , KUMAR PRABHAT , SINGH BABITA , HIREMATH VARUN M , TIWARI A K , SINDHU S S
Published: October 2022

Gladiolus is one of the most important bulbous cut flowers in domestic and international market. The commercial cultivation of gladiolus in India is increasing in terms of area, production and market. Due to rapid urbanization, change in life style, mall culture consumption of flowers has increased significantly. The longevity of cut flowers is one of the main challenges of florists today. Because, one the most important factors for consumers, apart from its external quality, is vase life of cut flower. The longevity of gladiolus cut flowers is very short. The typical vase life of individual spike is just 4 to 6 days depending upon cultivar. Therefore, the present study was carried out at the Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with an objective of identifying new eco friendly chemical for increasing the vase life of gladiolus cv. Gunjan. The experiment consisted of eight treatments (three chemicals in different combinations) and replicated thrice. From the present studies it was observed that 5 sulpho salicylic acid @ 1 mM SAA+ 4% Sucrose (T4) increased the vase life of cut flowers up to 9.11 days as compared to control (5 days) and the treatment T4 was statistically at par with T7 (400 ppm 8-HQC). So, it can be concluded that 5 sulpho salicylic acid is a very good alternative of 8HQC, as it is a cost-effective chemical, easily available and environmental friendly.
PEDAGOGICAL MODEL OF SOCIALIZATION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH AN INCLUSIVE ORIENTATION
Authors: Gordeeva S.Y.
Published: October 2022

The article highlights the issue of socialization of students with disabilities in the process of studying in College. A theoretical model of socialization of college students in the inclusive education system is presented, its components and the effectiveness of implementation are described.
DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFANTUM IN DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) FROM SÃO PAULO MUNICIPALITY, BRAZIL
Authors: da Silva Ryan Emiliano , Pereira da Costa Andréa , Tonhosolo Renata , Molla Letícia Maria , Garabet Agopian Rafael , Moraes-Filho Jonas , Marcili Arlei
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum. In the state of São Paulo, this zoonosis is expanding to urban areas and the incidence of human disease is related to canine infection. Herein, we performed a serological and molecular diagnosis on 152 dogs (Canis familiaris) from the Grajau and Ilha do Bororé neighborhoods, in the extreme south of the São Paulo municipality, Brazil. METHODS: We observe the prevalence of L. infantum in these animals that are identified as the main reservoirs of the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis. RESULTS: Serological tests showed a low positivity rate, while the molecular tests showed positive animals at 3.94% and 0.65% for the Leishmania infantum L-like cathepsin and ITS of ribosomal gene, respectively. CONCLUSION: Molecular diagnosis of 3.94% positivity suggesting the introduction of L. infantum in this locality of São Paulo, which still preserves 80% of the Atlantic Forest. Our data point to the need for effective control of infected dogs to prevent the spread of visceral leishmaniasis in humans.
THE DESIGN OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT JAMI KAUTSAR MOSQUE
Authors: Candra Nursari Sri Rezeki , Linuwih Prasetyo
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the management of the Jami Al-Kautsar Mosque in Depok which has not been properly recorded and the data storage is scattered. These constraints have the potential for data loss and inaccurate information and a process taking a long time to produce such information. In this study, the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and literature study. The information system built uses the waterfall method as a software development or Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) using object-oriented design of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and testing using Black Box. The process in this study includes the process of managing activities, managing the mosque, inventory, finances and goods (income and expenditure). The results of research implemented by the author on the Management Information System of the Jami Al-Kautsar Mosque is a system that can provide information on the management of activities, mosque administrators (human resources), inventory, finances and goods (income and expenditure) as well as communicative and informative reports so that they can make evaluation materials and transparent accountability reports from the management to all congregations of the Jami Al-Kautsar Mosque. User satisfaction with the evaluation information system uses the five-category Black Box test and produces a good information system. Three categories of Black Box testing are no errors in functions, database access and structure and system performance above 60%.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF THE TYPING MASTER APPLICATION IN STUDENTS OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION EDUCATION AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA USING TAM
Authors: Rokhmawati Inka Agustin , Nugraha Jaka
Published: October 2022

This research is focused on users typing master in students in the Office Administration Education Study Program at State University of Surabaya to analyze how the influence of subjective norms, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on intentions to use behavior. This study uses quantitative research method with primary data analysis techniques using a questionnaire that is taken to the respondents. Data analysis method using Partial Least Square (PLS) managed using SmartPLs 3.0 software. The results shows that subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on usage behavior intention, perceived ease of use have a positive and insignificant effect on usage behavior intentions, perceived usefulness have a positive and significant effect on usage behavior intentions and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant effect on usage behavior intentions through perceived usefulness.
E-COMMERCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Julianto Maichel Ruby , Daniawan Benny
Published: October 2022

E-commerce websites are one of the most accessed in Indonesia during the covid-19 pandemic. In research conducted for clothing product brands from PT. Mong Kreasi Indonesia, the problem that occurs is the company has not made full use of the information system. The company only uses media social like Instagram and WhatsApp for sales and communication order. Processing and recording of data and transactions are also still manually. The purpose of this research is to design an e-commerce sales information system, that is useful for solving existing problems. To measure the achievement of the designed system, a questionnaire was distributed to the respondents. Total of 70 questionnaires were answered and then tested using the Technology Acceptance Model method using the SMART PLS application. The results is variable Attention to Use on Behavioral Intention to Use has an influence level of 5.063, Perceived Ease of Use on Attention to Use has an influence level of 2.569, Perceived Usefulness on Attention to Use has an influence level of 3.382, and Perceived Usefulness on Behavioral Intention to Use has an influence level of 2.352. Each value is above 1.996, this means each variable has a positive and significant effect in benefits, easy to use, gives satisfaction to users and users has the intention to recommend this system to another.
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF USER INTERFACE DESIGN ON A SHARIA FINTECHAPPLICATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Alam Azhar , Saputro Ilham Aji
Published: October 2022

This research aims to discuss user interface design analysis on the use of Sharia applications based on the technology acceptance model and sharia principles. This research wants to illustrate the assessment results of the initial view and know-how easy to use in a Sharia fintech application, namely Sharia funds. This study interviewed ten respondents from young and old, both young and old, who had not used this application or who were already using it. This study uses a type of qualitative research with the Grounded Theory method to explain the phenomenon specifically. The results showed that the User Interface in Dana Syariah application, which is assessed in terms of Consistency, Personality, Layout,  and control and affordances, could be said almost all views make it easy for users young and old. However, there are some drawbacks, perhaps due to less innovative colors. There are few constraints found for older and above average users who find it difficult to distinguish some of that application's particular functions. This research recommends Islamic fintech application providers to pay better attention to the user interface while inviting academics in Sharia economics to evaluate fintech applications' use to develop a faster Islamic economy.
POSITION OF SCHOOL SUPERVISOR OFFICES IN GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 57 OF 2021
Authors: Aspandi Aspandi
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the position of school supervisors in PP 57/2021. Thus, the research question posed is how is the position of school supervisors in PP 57/2021? This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of literature study research. The primary data source in this study is Government Regulation number 57 of 2021. This study uses documentation techniques to collect data on the position of school supervisors in PP 57 of 2021. The results show that the position of school supervisors is not accommodated in PP 57 of 2021 concerning national standards. education. Thus, considering the position of school supervisors is very central in the education quality assurance system. So the position of school supervisor must remain and need to be re-stated in the revised Government Regulation 57 of 2021.
Vertical spillovers in spatial econometrics
Authors:   , Almeida Alejandro
Published: October 2022

Spatial econometrics has studied and analyzed the horizontal interactions that take place between different geographic locations. The proximity between two locations makes them behave more similarly than those locations that are further away. The development of this literature has been possible, in part, due to the increase in disaggregated data at the geographical level. This disaggregation also allows us to have data at different geographic scales (i.e., provinces, regions, and countries), ending in nested data sets. This nested nature of the data allows and generates the need to take into account the possible vertical spillovers that occur when a higher scale can influence the lower scales, for example, countries that influence their regions. In recent years, some authors have proposed different models that allow the inclusion of both types of interactions, vertical and horizontal. However, the literature and the empirical applications are still scarce. For this reason, this thesis tries to empirically analyze these models and to develop new models that allow progress in the inclusion of vertical spillovers in the field of spatial econometrics. Through applications in the sensitivity of the regions to the economic cycle, self-employment, cigarette consumption and the productivity of the European countries and regions, different proposed models are analyzed, such the dynamic spatial econometrics model with common factors and hierarchical spatial econometrics models. Chapter 2 analyze which regions are more sensitive to aggregate fluctuations, finding a pattern for Spain where the most sensitive regions are on the Mediterranean coast. Chapter 3 analyzes the spatial dynamics of self-employment in the United States, finding a relationship between high self-employment clusters and sensitivity to the national cycle. In chapter 4 and 5, cigarette consumption in the Spanish provinces is analyzed and the price is modelled as a common national factor, finding heterogeneity in the behaviour of the provinces. Finally, Chapter 6 develops an HSD model of spatial econometrics in a hierarchical context and is applied to analyze the production of European regions and the influence of countries on them.
Line × tester analysis and estimating combining abilities for the physiological and yield traits in bread wheat
Authors: Hakeem Sadia , Ali Zulfiqar , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Ur-Rahman Muhammad Habib , Maryam Sabah
Published: October 2022

The present study focuses to determine the combining abilities for 12 wheat genotypes for   the physiological and yield traits by using line × tester mating design. Eight lines and four testers, as parents, and resulting 32 cross combinations were evaluated in randomized complete block design during the 2018-19 cropping season. The ANOVA indicated that variability exists for all the traits under study. The parent 14 showed higher GCA effects for the SC and T while parent 19 and 6 have highest GCA effects for the P and WUE. The parent 14 was a good general combiner for the flag leaf area and spike weight while parent 19 for the seed weight and plant height. However, parent 18 showed highest GCA effect for spike length. Overall, parents 14, 18, 19 and 6 were good general combiners for most of the traits. And the cross combination coded 32 was a potential hybrid for all the spike weight, seed weight and yield per row while 29 showed highest SCA estimates for the physiological traits except WUE. The hybrid 28 showed superior SCA effects for spike length and plant height and hybrid 4 was a potential hybrid for FLA. So, these parents and cross combinations can be used in the selection process of varietal improvement for an ideal yield potential. This will also lead to the fixation of additive as well as non-additive genetic components for the improvement of the yield components in wheat.
Biological Management of Powdery Mildew of Pea (Pisum Sativum L)
Authors: Gardezi Zohaib
Published: October 2022

Pea (Pisum sativum) is leguminous crop generally cultivated around globe. Pisum sativum is main pulse crop belonged to the family Leguminoceae rich in nutritional value. In Pakistan Pea crop is cultivated on large area mostly in Punjab and in other provinces. The production of Pea in Pakistan is not so good due to the attack of fungal diseases like Powdery mildew, Anthracnose, Rust and Downy mildew. The Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi which is bio trophic obligate parasite. Different environmental factors play significant role in occurrence of that disease. When plants are on pod stages it shows epidemic form. It effects whole green surface of pea initially symptoms are lesion formation and powder like whitish spots on upper and lower surface of leaves. When the pathogen proliferates in all aerial parts; plant became dead. Infected plant seed produced unpleasant smell which decreases the quality of peas. The intensity of the disease was reduced by increase resistance in host plant by some plant extracts ie. Neem Extract, Garlic Extract. Pathogenicity of Erysiphe pisi was supressed by the application of some bio agents ie. Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana. These applications were served as enviro-safe management and helps to reduce disease severity and increase in numbers and weight of pod/plant which were helping to increase in a yield. From these all treatment most, effective treatment was Garlic Extract which overcome the effect of disease 77% and then Neem Extract 64%. There was also effective result of Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana overcome the effect of powdery mildew of pea disease was 51% and 38%. The data onto environmental condition was collected which shows with increase in temperature helps to increase the intensity of disease. Decrease in humidity and solar radiation also helps to increase the disease incidence level. Decrease in wind speed and rain fall also increase the disease intensity.
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF CHICKPEA GERMPLASM FOR THE YIELD RELATED TRAITS
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad Asif
Published: October 2022

Chickpea is one of the major food legumes cultivated on a large area in the world and is famous for highly proteinaceous seeds. Germplasm diversity plays a key role in chickpea improvement programs. In this regard, the experiment was conducted for the assessment of phenotypic diversity present in chickpea germplasm for yield-related traits. The 74 genotypes and 14 modern cultivars of chickpea were sown following the randomized complete block design at the farm area of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, in November 2018. The evaluation was based on the morphological parameters including plant height (cm), number of pods per 5 plants, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight (g). The analysis of variance represented that significant differences were present for these traits among germplasm lines. Based on recorded results, the plant height ranged from 52.58 cm to 82.60 cm in genotypes and from 46.73 cm to 72.86 cm in cultivars. In the case of 100 seeds weight, the range was 13.99 g to 26.51 g in genotypes while 16.67 g to 22.58 g in cultivars. The number of pods in five plants ranged from 23.33 to 211.33 in genotypes and that of 98.33 to 210 in cultivars. Finally, the minimum and the maximum number of seeds per pod in genotypes were 1.53 and 2.93, respectively, while those in the case of the cultivars were 1.6 and 2.5, respectively. Further, based on yield-related traits viz. No. of pods per plant, No. of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight, the TGK1508 was the highest yielding genotype and the D072-11 remained the lowest yielding genotype while Fakhar-e-Thal performed best and was the highest yielding cultivar.
Morphological characterization of the rice genotypes at early growth stages and determination of better parent heterosis for salinity tolerance traits under NaCl stress
Authors: Ayoub Nadia
Published: October 2022

Soil salinity is a serious problem for agricultural productivity throughout the world. The Crops grown on saline soils suffer from ions toxicities, nutritional disorders, osmotic stress, and ultimately leads to the reduced yield. Rice is an essential food crop that is consumed by more than half of the world population but rice is at risk of salt stress due to increasing salinity. Understanding the causes and related concerns of salinity on rice yield and growth will improve our ability to compensate for its adverse effects through short or long-term adaptation approaches. In the following study, two experiments were performed. The genotypes were screened at germination and seedling stages in the first experiment to select 5 NaCl responsive genotypes including 2 NaCl tolerant, 2 moderately NaCl tolerant, and 1 NaCl susceptible. These genotypes were selected based on the gain in radical length (RaL), plumule length (PlL), radical fresh weight (RaFW), plumule fresh weight (PlFW), radical dry weight (RaDW),  plumule dry weight (PlDW), at germination stage and, at seedling stage root length (RL), dry root weight (DRW), fresh root weight (FRW), shoot length (SL), fresh shoot weight (FSW) and dry shoot weight (DSW), were determined from growing seedlings. In the second experiment, the selected genotypes were hybridized with two modern cultivars following the line into tester mating design. The F1 hybrids were evaluated based on the above-mentioned salinity tolerance traits at the germination and seedling stages. The obtained data were used to determine the better parent heterosis for the salinity tolerance traits.
A WAY FORWARD TOWARDS THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILLI ANTHRACNOSE - A REVIEW
Authors: Atiq Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Chilli anthracnose is the most ravaging biotic stress to chilli that adversely degrades chilli production across the globe. For efficient disease management, accurate taxonomic data is required. In the Colletotrichum patho-system, various Colletotrichum species can be linked to anthracnose in the same host. Although various Colletotrichum spp. have been described as causative agents of this disease globally, interactions of species associated to the disease are poorly understood. Despite extensive research on the disease management, commercial cultivars of Capsicum annuum that are resistant to the pathogenic fungus causing chilli anthracnose have not yet been developed. The main aim of the present manuscript is to throw light on pathogen profile, symptomology, epidemiology, and strategies for disease management.
ADSORPTION OF IMPURITIES FROM IRRIGATION WASTEWATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCED FROM SELECTED BIOMASS
Authors: ADEJUMOBI M. A. , FAJOBI M. O. , ONOFUA O. E. , AFOLABI M. S. , ADEOYE O. O.
Published: October 2022

Pollution from wastewater generated through irrigation has been a major challenge to environmental engineers (especially agricultural engineers) today, as a result of the contaminants and pollutants discharged due to the chemicals from the fertilizers used on crops and the discharge of sediments to surface water or groundwater. An approach to treating this wastewater necessitated the study on the preparation and production of activated carbon to serve as an adsorbent using groundnut shell for the treatment of wastewater from irrigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon from groundnut shells for the treatment of irrigation wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from Oke-Oyi irrigation scheme. The samples were analysed for initial physicochemical properties using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) standard. Raw groundnut shells were collected from Ogbomoso. The initial analysis of the drainage water shows the water is highly alkaline and contains sulphate and nitrate above FAO benchmark values. The groundnut shells were grinded and sieved to obtain a 2 mm diameter particle size. The sample was carbonized at 400°C for 30 minutes and activated with 0.3M of phosphoric acid. The effects of temperature (20°C, 30°C and 40°C) and dosage of the activated carbon (1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g and 2.5 g), contact time (30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, and 2 hours), and granulated activated carbon (GAC) on sulphate and nitrate removal were studied. The effect of the adsorbent on water pH was also studied. The characterization of the prepared AC and the determination of adsorption capacity were carried out. The surface morphological changes of the AC samples were investigated using a scanning electron microscope operated at 25 kV. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to establish the functional groups present. At temperatures of 40°C, 30°C, and 20°C, the pH of the water decreased from 9.94 to 8.22, 8.22, and 8.26, respectively. The optimum dosage with 100% sulphate removal from wastewater (30 – 0.14 mg/l) was 2.5g at 20°C while the optimum dosage for nitrate removal (41.5 – 0.0813 mg/l) ranges between 1–2.5g at 20°C. The SEM analysis produced a well-developed porous surface on the micrograph of AC after chemical activation, which suggests improved removal of impurities when used. Therefore, the use of groundnut shells as feedstock for AC serves the dual purpose of good waste management and pollution treatment antidote.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (AMF) SPECIES ASSOCIATION WITH PHOENIX SYLVESTRIS OF BHUJODI NONAGRICULTURAL SITE IN THE SEMI-ARID REGIONS OF KACHCHH DISTRICT, GUJARAT, INDIA
Authors: Dalal Dipika , Solanki Hitesh
Published: October 2022

Date palm is an economically important plant in dry lands of the world, here is an approach towards investigating the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi diversity and their association with the date palm in Kachchh. The importance lies to the understanding of the root colonization and spore identification with relation to the seasonal change. In the present work soil of non-agricultural land has been taken into consideration to understand the relevance.
Ressenti des médecins généralistes lors du dépistage systématique des violences conjugales à l'aide du questionnaire WAST
Authors: PICATTO C , AMRANE L , DEPARIS N
Published: October 2022

Introduction. En France, 1 femme meurt tous les 2,7 jours suite aux violences conjugales (VC). Jusqu’à 4 femmes sur 10 sont victimes de VC alors que les médecins généralistes (MG) déclarent voir 2 cas annuels. Depuis 2019, la HAS recommande de « repérer systématiquement, même en l’absence de signe d’alerte » les VC. The women abuse screening tool (WAST) est le seul questionnaire de dépistage des VC traduit et validé. L’objectif de cette étude était d’explorer le ressenti des MG lors du dépistage systématique des VC à l’aide du questionnaire WAST. Méthode. Une enquête qualitative par entretiens individuels semi-dirigés a été réalisée auprès de MG installés en cabinet libéral. Il leur a été demandé d’appliquer systématiquement durant 5 jours le questionnaire WAST, à toutes les femmes vues en consultation. Les médecins ont été interrogés à l’issue de cette expérience. Résultats. Le dépistage systématique des VC était mal vécu par les médecins, car il touchait à la relation médecin-patiente et à leur routine de consultation. Trois émotions majeures négatives à propos du dépistage ressortaient : la préoccupation, l’appréhension et la peur. Les médecins demandaient un cadre protecteur pour sortir de leur zone de confort et aborder le sujet des VC : diminution du tabou, mise à disposition de ressources, outils et formations. Ces prérequis étaient indispensables mais insuffisants. Les médecins témoignaient d’une charge mentale et d’un impact émotionnel importants rendant difficile la poursuite du dépistage systématique. Discussion. Le questionnaire WAST s’avérait être une aide dans le dépistage des VC. Cet outil pratique présentait des bénéfices mais demeurait insuffisant pour dépasser les appréhensions des médecins, issues de leurs expériences antérieures. Le dépistage des VC restait perçu comme dangereux. Un apprentissage de la gestion des émotions pourrait faciliter le dépistage des VC au long cours.
Les modèles suisse et anglais de mesure de la CRP en soins premiers : applicabilité au modèle français ?
Authors: DACQUIN R , CHARLES R , BRUEL S
Published: October 2022

Contexte. En France, le cadre législatif ne permet pas l’utilisation des tests rapides de mesure de la CRP en soins premiers, contrairement à d’autres pays en Europe. Ces tests sont absents des recommandations de bonnes pratiques cliniques françaises. Objectif. Analyser les pratiques d’autres pays européens utilisant en routine clinique la mesure de la CRP en soins premiers, afin de comprendre comment son utilisation a intégré les pratiques. Méthodes. Une revue narrative a été réalisée autour des pratiques de mesures de la CRP en soins premiers en Suisse et au Royaume-Uni. Les recherches ont exploré les sites étatiques et institutionnels des organismes d’assurance maladie, des centres universitaires des pays étudiés, ainsi que sur les bases de données Medline® et SUDOC. Résultats. La législation suisse autorise les tests biologiques en soins premiers : 66 % des médecins généralistes sont équipés d’un laboratoire de biologie délocalisée et 54 % réalisent des analyses en pratique courante. La Suisse a un très faible taux de prescription d’antibiotiques et d’antibiorésistance. Le Royaume-Uni a intégré récemment la mesure de la CRP en soins premiers dans ses recommandations de prise en charge des infections respiratoires basses. Des mesures d’accompagnement sont nécessaires à l’utilisation généralisée de ces tests dans les pratiques. Conclusion. Pour s’inspirer de ces modèles, la France devrait modifier son cadre législatif concernant les tests rapides de mesure de la CRP.
Episode dépressif caractérisé de l'adulte
Authors: MALMARTEL A
Published: October 2022

En 2017, la Haute Autorité de santé a publié des recommandations concernant le diagnostic et la prise en charge des épisodes dépressifs caractérisés en soins primaires1. Le diagnostic repose sur la présence, depuis au moins deux semaines, de 2 critères principaux (humeur dépressive, perte d’intérêt/abattement, perte d’énergie/ fatigabilité augmentée) et d’au moins 2 autres symptômes (concentration et attention réduite, diminution de l’estime de soi et de la confiance en soi, sentiment de culpabilité et d’inutilité, perspectives négatives et pessimistes pour le futur, idées et comportement suicidaires, troubles du sommeil, perte d’appétit). La sévérité est définie par le nombre de symptômes : 2 symptômes principaux et 2 autres symptômes correspondent à un épisode léger ; 2 symptômes principaux et 3 ou 4 autres symptômes à un épisode modéré ; 3 symptômes principaux et 4 autres symptômes à un épisode sévère...
Vaccin Moderna mRNA-1273 contre la Covid-19 : une aide à la décision
Authors:   Conseil Scientifique du CNGE
Published: October 2022

La publication1 évaluant la sécurité d’emploi et l’efficacité du vaccin ARNm- 1273 de Moderna contre la Covid-19 est disponible depuis le 30 décembre 2020. Elle livre des résultats utiles à la décision médicale partagée avec le patient. Cet essai randomisé en double insu a été réalisé dans 99 centres aux États-Unis chez 30 351 volontaires, âgés O 18 ans, ayant les caractéristiques suivantes : âge médian = 52 ans, hommes = 52,7 %, obésité = 29,3 %, au moins 1 facteur de risque de forme grave = 22,5 %, diabète = 9,5 %, et obésité sévère = 6,7 %...
Promotion de l'esprit critique en santé par les étudiants et pour les étudiants : utopie ou réalité ?
Authors: PERRAUD G , JOUEN R , MUNCK S , BARBAROUX A
Published: October 2022

Planification. Le contact avec des représentants des industries de santé dès la formation initiale influence les futurs prescripteurs sur le type et la quantité de molécules qu’ils prescriront. De nombreux acteurs ont proposé des formations à la critique de la promotion pharmaceutique. Pourtant, la plupart des étudiants en médecine considéraient qu’ils n’étaient pas assez formés sur la relation soignant-industrie, et souhaitaient plus d’enseignement à ce sujet. Un groupe d’étudiants s’est donc lancé dans l’organisation de journées de formation par les pairs à l’esprit critique en santé : les Journées de l’esprit critique niçois. Implantation. Cet article décrit les deux premières Journées, qui ont eu lieu au sein de la faculté de médecine de Nice. La première Journée était composée de quatre ateliers. Ils portaient sur la communication en santé, la critique d’articles scientifiques, la relation soignant-industrie et la critique de la visite médicale. La deuxième Journée était composée de trois ateliers, suivis d’une diffusion du film La Fille de Brest. Les ateliers portaient sur la psychologie sociale en santé, la présentation de l’information et l’affaire Mediator®. Les animateurs ont utilisé les techniques de pédagogie dites « innovantes ». Évaluation. Les participants avaient des caractéristiques professionnelles variées. Les taux de participation aux évaluations des deux Journées étaient de 66,5 % puis de 46 %. La note moyenne donnée aux ateliers était de 8,15/10. Les participants ont déclaré apprécier les méthodes pédagogiques utilisées. Discussion. La formation et la sensibilisation à la promotion pharmaceutique des étudiants par leurs pairs ont été non seulement faisables, mais très appréciées par les étudiants en médecine. Il manque cependant une évaluation de l’impact qu’ont eu ces deux Journées sur leur pratique quotidienne. Les Journées de l’esprit critique constituaient la première initiative étudiante de formation et de sensibilisation à l’esprit critique et aux techniques de promotion pharmaceutique dans ce format. Dans un contexte de tensions entre les besoins étudiants de formation à l’indépendance et les universités qui peinent à répondre à leur responsabilité sociale, la formation des étudiants par leurs pairs répond avec efficience à un enjeu éthique et sociétal.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera)
Authors: Salma Tarannum
Published: October 2022

Background: The Phoenix dactylifera Linn. is a most common plant usually known as date palm, belonging to the family Arecaceae. It is native to North Africa, South- West Asia and is considered as an oldest plant. The date palm is well known for its traditional as well as medicinal value. The active phytoconstituents reported in the fruits are alkaloids, Phenols, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, and also its fruits are rich source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins. From the existing literature survey Phoenix dactylifera is reported for number of pharmacological activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, antifungal and antibacterial activity. Aims & Objectives: The objective of study is to analysis Phytochemical Organic and Inorganic analysis & Quantitative screening (Total flavonoids and Total phenols) of Date palm Materials and Methods: Extract of date palm were scrutinized for phytochemical organic and inorganic analysis as well as quantification of Total Phenols and Total flavonoids with spectrophotometer.. Results: High concentration of phenols and flavonoids were observed in date palm fruit, phenols 25.61mg of GA/g equivalent, flavonoids 3.07mg/g of Rutin equivalent. Conclusions: In phytochemical screening like carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, protein and amino acids, glycosides, were appreciated, In organic analysis sodium, iron, sulphate were appreciated, in quantification High concentration of phenols and flavonoids were observed.