bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathomorphological changes in the lung tissues of Syrian hamsters during experimental infection with SARS‐COV‐2
Authors: Shestopalova L. V. , Lee W. , Filippova A. Yu. , Fedotova M. S. , Kononova Yu. V. , Gulyaeva M. A.
Published: October 2024

The new coronavirus infection caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is a dangerous respiratory disease. The aim of the investigation was to study the pathomorphological changes in lungs of Syrian hamsters infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 as is necessary for adequate therapy and prevention of the disease.

Syrian hamsters of the SPF category were infected intranasally with a dose of 5×105TCID50 SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020). Animals were euthanised on days 3, 6, 10, 14 and 21 after infection and the lungs were collected. To determine virus replication real‐time RT‐PCR was used. The lungs was used for histological examination. Statistics was performed using Statistics for Windows 10 software.

Specific pathological lesions characterising the inflammatory process were detected in all groups of animals. The severity of pathological changes and the volume of lung tissue lesions varied depending on the stage of the disease. The most severe lesions were observed on days 6–10. By day 21, the process of organ structure restoration was noticed.

The study showed that pathological changes in the Syrian hamster’s lungs caused by experimental infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 were multifaceted and complex. In mild cases, congestion and infiltration are observed, and in severe cases, atelectasis and pulmonary edema were life‐threatening. The most severe lesions in lungs were noted on days 6–10. By day 21, the process of restoration was observed.
Estimation of bacterio‐, picophyto‐ and nanophytoplankton abundance in the Middle Caspian Sea by flow cytometry
Authors: Mukhanov V. S. , Rauen T. V. , Vostokov S. V. , Vostokova A. S. , Lobachev E. N.
Published: October 2024

Aim. For the first time, flow cytometry has been used to study the structure and functional characteristics of bacterio‐, pico‐ and nano‐ phytoplankton in the Middle Caspian during the bloom period in early September 2022.

Water samples were taken at different horizons (from the surface to the bottom layer) at a series of stations along the western coast of the Caspian Sea on the border between its northern and central parts to quantitatively assess heterotrophic bacterioplankton, picophyto‐ and nanophy‐ toplankton. Sampling was undertaken in early September 2022 under summer hydrological conditions with water surface temperatures ranging from 24.7°C to 26.7°C. Sample analysis was performed using flow cytometry.

Extremely high concentrations of picophytoplankton (up to 1.8×105 cells/mL), probably of Synechococcus picocyanobacteria, were detected off the northwestern coast of the Middle Caspian. Very high values of nanophytoplankton abundance (up to 1.6×105 cells/mL), dominated by small flagellates, were also found. A clear spatial uncoupling of pico‐ and nanophytoplankton was revealed. Maximum levels of nanophytoplankton were confined to the area of intensive phytoplankton blooming with high concentrations of chlorophyll a, while picophytoplankton reached peak abundance further south, outside this area. The influence of the thermocline on the vertical structure of microbial communities was detected. The concentrations of picophytoplankton and the proportion of physiologically active HNA‐bacteria decreased sharply under the thermocline.

The results obtained indicate the leading role of the smallest phototrophs in the Caspian pelagial and emphasise the need for further comprehensive studies of Caspian microbial communities using modern methods.
Emodin-based Regulation and Control of Serum Complement C5a, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Responses in Rats with Urosepsis via AMPK/SIRT1
Authors: Cui Juan , Wang Shufang , Bi Sicheng , Zhou Hong , Sun Lichao
Published: October 2024

Emodin, derived from Rheum officinale and aloe, is known for its diverse benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Currently, the impact of emodin on urosepsis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of emodin in urosepsis.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were purchased from Cloud-Clone Animal Inc. and treated with emodin. Cell viability and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were then assessed. In a separate experiment, a urosepsis model was established in Sprague Dawley rats which were subsequently treated with emodin. The levels of oxidative stress-related factors, serum complements and inflammatory factors were measured using commercial kits. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were determined using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway-related proteins were evaluated via Western blot.
PBMCs were unaffected by emodin concentrations below 60 μg/mL, and minimal LDH levels were detected in the cells. Emodin attenuated the effects of Escherichia coli and diminished the production of serum complements, oxidative stress-related proteins, and inflammatory factors in PBMCs. Notably, the effects of emodin were lessened by an AMPK pathway inhibitor. Additionally, emodin alleviated oxidative stress, complement system activation, inflammation, and kidney injury in urosepsis rats through the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
Emodin improved kidney damage in urosepsis rats by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, which reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and complement system activation.
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from MicroRNA-146a–modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Modulating Inflammation in Experimental Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cao Baotao , Liu Guangyuan , Gao Kai , Fan Wenqi , Zhao Wei , Wang Baibai
Published: October 2024

Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GOA) is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to joint damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapies because of their immunomodulatory functions. The anti-inflammatory effects of EVs from human Adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs) overexpressing microRNA (miR)-146a were investigated in experimental GOA in this study.
hADSCs were transfected with a mimic negative control or miR-146a mimics. GOA was induced in C57/Bl6j mice, and subsequently, the animals were treated intra-articularly with phosphate-buffered saline, miR-146a EVs, or miR-control EVs. The expression of miR-146a and its targeted cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were analyzed in the spleen of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in the articular cartilage by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
miR-146a EVs showed enrichment of miR-146a. In GOA mice, miR-146a EV treatment significantly reduced expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and IL-4 compared to controls. miR-146a EV treatment raised the anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines of the spleen in treated mice.
This study demonstrates that EVs derived from hADSCs overexpressing miR-146a have enhanced anti-inflammatory potential in GOA by modulating cytokine expression and production. EVs engineered with inflammation-related miRNAs could be a cell-free therapeutic approach for GOA.
Serum Galectin-3 Level in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mahalleh Mehrdad , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Gouravani Mahdi , Assempoor Ramin , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Farhadi Elham
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial tissue transformation and fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) proliferation. Galectin-3 is gaining attention as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for RA diagnosis. Elevated levels of Galectin-3 cause RA[1]FLSs to stimulate and generate proinflammatory agents, contributing to cartilage degradation and osteoclast formation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate published evidence and support future investigation of Galectin-3 as an early biomarker for RA. A systematic search was performed through four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, to find the studies examining Galectin-3 in individuals with RA compared to healthy controls. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis comparing serum/plasma Galectin-3 levels between individuals with RA and healthy control groups was performed to determine the standardized mean differences (SMD) along with 95% confidence intervals. Following the initial search, studies went through screening. 12 studies, involving 773 patients with RA and 411 healthy controls, were included. Meta-analysis of the included studies revealed that individuals with RA had significantly higher levels of circulatory Galectin-3 compared to healthy control groups (SMD 0.957, 95% CI 0.393 to 1.520). Univariable meta-regression showed no significant association between age, publication year, sample size, or the male percentage with effect size. According to the results, Galectin-3 might be useful as a biomarker for RA. To support these findings, further investigations of Galectin-3 as a possible early biomarker of RA is necessary.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Faculty of Health Sciences Students towards Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donation
Authors: Çiçek Ramazan , Dinç Ayten
Published: October 2024

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a life-saving treatment method for numerous diseases. This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Faculty of Health Sciences students in a university towards hematopoietic stem cell donation and descriptive cross-sectional design.
Materials and Methods:  The study participants consisted of students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university in western Turkey. A total of 345 students were available to complete a survey. The data were collected online through the Google Form. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25 program (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA). Moreover, the Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used in this study.
Results:  25.2% were registered at "The Turkish Stem Cell Coordination Center", and 89.1% of the unregistered ones wanted to be a stem cell donor. The university students had a moderate level of knowledge about stem cell donation. While the participants were more knowledgeable about stem cell collection with the peripheral method, they had poor knowledge of stem cell collection methods from the bone marrow and stem cell donation processes. There was a significant correlation between the students' level of knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell donation and their university year, occupation, age, graduate school, and parents' educational level (p<0.05).
Conclusion:  In this study, it was found that the university students had insufficient knowledge on hematopoietic stem cell donation and their intention to donate stem cells was high.  Holding training sessions, seminars, and conferences for university students as future health professionals to raise their awareness of stem cell donation is recommended.  The fact that new-generation health professionals are sensitive and educated about stem cell donation can contribute to increasing stem cell donations in society.
Pure Biclonal Hairy Cell Leukemia–Apt Diagnosis with Multicolor Flow Cytometry
Authors: Adnan Shanza , Farrukh Saba , Ahmed Arsalan , Shariq Shaikh Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm that constitutes around 2 percent of all lymphoid leukemias and occurs more frequently in elderly males. The usual triad of HCL includes pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and hairy cells in the bone marrow. This is a case of an atypical presentation of biclonal HCL diagnosed on flow cytometry; the existence of biclonal HCL is extremely rare with very few case reports. Pure biclonal HCL should be regarded as an extraordinary finding among the so-called composite lymphomas.
The Role of Fathers' Involvement in Parenting and Adolescent Social Harms: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Moshirenia Fateme , Zareipour MoradAli , Kohan Shahnaz , Boroumandfar Zahra
Published: October 2024

Background: In today's society, the issue of fatherhood and involvement in the upbringing of children has been emphasized. The study aimed to investigate the impact of fathers' involvement in parenting on the social victimization of adolescents.
Methods: The present research utilized a narrative review methodology, with technical terms being explained at the beginning. Relevant sources were identified by conducting searches on reputable academic databases, including ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Ovid, Elsevier, SID, and Magiran, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The search keywords encompassed various related themes, such as fatherhood, absent fathers, childrearing, adolescents, father involvement, engagement, social problems, and Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Compilation procedures were conducted according to the SANRA checklist. In the initial search, 162 articles were obtained. After removing duplicates and evaluating their titles and abstracts, 9 articles were selected for the review.
Results: Based on the findings of this literature review, paternal involvement in child-rearing is shown to positively affect the intellectual, moral, and social development of adolescents. Conversely, the absence of a father figure has been linked to negative outcomes such as drug addiction, decreased academic performance in both school and university, anti-social attitudes, separation anxiety, aggression, feelings of insecurity, and negative thoughts in teenagers.
Conclusion: The involvement of fathers in upbringing of their children fosters critical thinking and reinforces children's empowerment in making pivotal decisions, while simultaneously acting as a safeguard against social risks.
Arthroscopic Fixation of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Bony Avulsion Fractures: The Double Suture Bridge Technique and Evaluation of Results
Authors: Patel Mihir R. , Shinde Mahesh B. , Butala Ushma , Bhardwaj Lakshya , Yadav Amit S. , Karthik Gowda , Ansari Saif G. , Sharma Atharva
Published: October 2024

Background: Surgical fixation is required for displaced posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial bony avulsion fractures or with fractures having grade 2 or more posterior instability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic fixation of PCL tibial bony avulsion fractures using the double suture bridge technique.
Methods: A retrospective study was done involving 24 patients having displaced PCL tibial bony avulsion fractures. The arthroscopic double suture bridge technique was used to fix these fractures. Patients were followed up for three years and assessed for knee-related symptoms, signs, Lysholm Knee Score, and satisfaction.
Results: The study group consisted of 21 men and three women. Fracture union was achieved in all cases two months postoperatively. The mean Lysholm Knee Score at follow-ups of three months, six months, one year, two years, and three years was 86.6, 96.5, 98.8, 99.1, and 99.4, respectively. At the latest follow-up, all the patients were satisfied with their knee function with respect to pain, range of motion (ROM), stability, and resumption of pre-injury activity level.
Conclusion: The arthroscopic double suture bridge technique is an effective method for the fixation of PCL tibial bony avulsion fractures with respect to knee stability, ROM, and resumption of pre-injury activity level.
Diversidad de parasitoides (Hymenoptera) en diferentes estados sucesionales de la selva mediana subcaducifolia
Authors: Torres-Cab Walther , Ruíz-Sánchez Esaú , Lugo García Gabriel Antonio , González Moreno Alejandra
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo comparar la diversidad de familias de parasitoides en tres estados sucesionales (5, 25 y 60 años), de una selva mediana subcaducifolia de México. Esto, debido al escaso conocimiento sobre su diversidad, su riqueza de especies y su importancia como reguladores de fitófagos. Se colocaron un total de 10 trampas Malaise, de Agosto a Diciembre 2016; dentro de cada etapa sucesional de la vegetación de la reserva ecológica biocultural Kaxil-Kiuic, México. Se recolectaron 23 435 ejemplares de himenópteros distribuidos en 33 familias, siendo Braconidae, Diapridae, Scelionidae y Bethylidae las más abundantes. La riqueza total estimada fue calculada, sin diferencias para los diferentes estados de sucesión, según los intervalos del confianza al 95% de los índices no paramétricos CHAO 1 y ACE. Pero con una mayor diversidad alfa en la vegetación de 25 años; lo que puede explicarse con la teoría de disturbio medio. La diversidad beta mostró números altos de familias compartidas entre los diferentes estados sucesionales de la vegetación. En conclusión, los números de familias encontradas, demuestra la importancia de la selva mediana subcaducifolia de Yucatán en el mantenimiento de la diversidad de parasitoides, especialmente estados sucecionales intermedios de la selva mediana subcaducifolia.
The right to food: A fundamental human right and its imperatives
Authors: Oluwatayo Isaac
Published: October 2024

In an age of unprecedented global wealth and technological advancement, the persistence of hunger and food insecurity remains one of the most glaring contradictions of our time. The right to food is a fundamental human right enshrined in various international treaties and national constitutions. Yet, despite this recognition, millions of people across the globe continue to suffer from malnutrition and starvation, highlighting a critical need for holistic action to uphold this fundamental right. Available statistics reveal that Africa bears a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and food insecurity accounting for 20 percent and 61 percent2 of the population respectively. There is a link between access to food in the right quantity and quality and the cognitive development of children which has a spillover effect on the productivity of nations [2, 3]. It is time to reaffirm our commitment to ensuring that this basic right is upheld for all. This right is essential not only for ensuring that individuals lead healthy and productive lives but also for promoting broader social and economic stability. This editorial explores the dimensions of the right to food, its implications, and the urgent need for a coordinated effort to address food insecurity.
Ecological Capacity and Bioenergy Potential of Agrocenoses as a Way of Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Koshelev A.V. , Vedeneeva V.A. , Potashkina Yu.N. , Shatrovskaya M.O.
Published: October 2024

Background: Calculation of bioenergy potential and ecological capacity are promising methods for assessing the state of an agro-landscape, allowing us to promptly respond to changes in its sustainability. The article presents the results of soil research and calculation of bioenergy potential of the farm territory in the zone of dry steppe on chestnut soils. Methods: Assessment of anthropogenic load on agricultural landscape is based on ecological standards and point system of relative fertility. The determination of the ecological capacity by BEPT of an agrocenosis occupied by winter wheat and sunflower was carried out according to the method of V.M. Volodin, R.F. Eremina, N.F. Mikhailova. Determination of erosion and geomorphological characteristics of the research object was carried out using geoinformation technologies. The basis for creation of digital elevation model (DEM) is the data of radar survey of the Earth surface (SRTM4). Result: Soils of the research object have low and average humus content. Nitrogen level in the soil varies from very low to good; nitrogen availability in the fields is average. Provision with mobile phosphorus is average. Soil potassium content is mostly high. As a result of calculations, it was found that in the conditions of the dry steppe zone, the bioenergy potential of the agrolandscape area occupied by winter wheat is 2735.72 GJ/ha, sunflower-2647.4 GJ/ha. At the same time, the ecological capacity of the field occupied by winter wheat is 2764.6 GJ/ha and sunflower-2676.8 GJ/h.
Racial Disparities in Foot Examination among People with Diabetes in Brazil: A Nationwide Survey, 2019
Authors: Bramante Clarice Nunes , Rizzato Julia Soto , Nakamura Isabella Bagni , Galvão Taís Freire , Silva Marcus Tolentino
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess the absence of diabetic foot examination in Brazil and how ethnicity affected this outcome.

Design

This is an analysis of a nationwide survey held in Brazil in 2019. Participants with diabetes and that were 15 years of age or older were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Adjusted Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of never having had the foot examined, with separate models according to ethnicity. Stata 14.2 was used for all calculations.

Results

We included 6216 individuals with diabetes; 52.1% (95%CI: 50.0%-54.2%) reported never having had their feet examined by a health care professional and 61% self-declared as Black (Black and Brown [Brazilian mixed race]). A higher frequency of negligence was observed among Black individuals (55.3%; 52.5%-58.1%) than among White individuals (48.2%; 45.0%-51.5%). Negligence was higher between 15- to 39-year-old participants (PR = 1.34, 1.14-1.57), lower educational level (PR = 1.37, 1.13-1.65), higher alcohol consumption (PR = 1.18, 1.06-1.31), fair health status (PR = 1.11, 1.01-1.21), and diabetes diagnosis of up to 10 years (PR = 1.42, 1.28-1.57). Among Blacks, tobacco use and other factors increased the frequency of the outcome, whereas participation in the Brazilian Unified Health System primary care program was a protection factor (P<.05).

Conclusion

Black Brazilians with diabetes had higher negligence of foot examination by health care professionals. Strengthening primary care would help mitigate systemic racism in Brazil.
The relationship of clinical and morphological parameters with the BRAF status of the tumor in patients with stage I skin melanoma
Authors: Titov K. S. , Sorokina M. V. , Lebedev S. S. , Grekov D. N. , Neretin E. Yu. , Yakusheva T. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim: to study the relationship between clinical and morphological parameters of skin melanoma and the BRAF status of the tumor in patients with stage I of the disease. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective and included 200 patients with stage I skin melanoma (pT1-2aN0M0), of which BRAF status was assessed in 88 patients. All patients underwent clinical data analysis, an extended morphological study and a molecular genetic study to determine the BRAF V600E mutation in the primary tumor. Results. The median age of patients in the total sample was 61.5 years. Mutation in the BRAF V600E gene was detected in 25 patients (28.4%). Patient age, tumor location and Breslow thickness were recognized as independent predictors of BRAF status of stage I skin melanoma. With an increase in the patient's age by 1 year, the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation decreased by 3.4% or 1.04 times (OR = 0.966; 95% CI = 0.935–0.999; p = 0.045). When melanoma was localized in the lumbar region, the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation increased by 15.311 times (95% CI = 1.239–189.142; p = 0.033). With a tumor thickness according to Breslow of more than 0.7 mm, the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation increased by 2.939 times (95% CI = 1.031-8.376; p = 0.044). With a threshold value of the logistic function of 50%, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed model were 28.0% and 93.7%, respectively. When the threshold function value is reduced to 25.3%, the sensitivity of the model increases to 68% with a simultaneous drop in specificity to 61.9%. Conclusion. Younger age, greater tumor thickness according to Breslow, and tumor localization in the lumbar region in patients with stage I skin melanoma increase the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation, while other morphological parameters of the tumor are not associated with BRAF status. However, moderate sensitivity does not allow for a sufficiently accurate determination of the presence of a mutation, thereby strengthening the belief in the need for molecular genetic testing.
Characteristics of the colonic crypts in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Akhrieva Kh. M. , Tertychnyy A. S. , Pachuashvili N. V. , Urusova L. S.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: to characterize changes in the colon crypts in colitis and to assess their significance in the morphological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Materials and methods: colon biopsies were retrospectively reviewed in patients with IBD (30 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 30 patients with Crohn's disease (CD)) and in 30 patients where the diagnosis of IBD was not confirmed (self-limiting colitis not related to IBD (non-IBD)). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 53 years. In all cases, the diagnosis was established based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental diagnostic methods. Multiple biopsies were obtained from all patients during colonoscopy. The processing of the material was carried out according to generally accepted methodology. All cases were scanned using the Aperio TC histological preparation scanner (Leica, Germany) and re-examined with an emphasis on crypt changes. Results: the crypt characteristics found during the study were divided into the following groups. The most frequently detected changes included inflammatory and destructive changes (98% of cases of IBD and 80% of cases of non-IBD). Atrophic changes in crypts were more often found in patients with non-IBD colitis compared with cases of IBD (30% in IBD and 53.3% in non-IBD; p=0.03). Significant differences in frequency were observed when dysregenerative changes in crypts were detected (76.7% of cases of colitis in IBD and 13.3% of cases in non-IBD; p<0.001). Crypt budding was more pronounced in patients with UC compared with CD (92% in UC versus 70% in CD), and a special variant of crypt changes, which we termed "serpentine," was found exclusively in patients with CD. Conclusion: crypt changes found only in patients with IBD, such as budding crypts, can serve as an important differential diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of IBD. In the IBD group, the discovered serpentine crypts can help in making a differential diagnosis between UC and CD. Inflammatory and destructive changes are found with equal frequency in both cases of IBD and non-IBD colitis and therefore cannot be considered specific diagnostic signs.
Formation of an organizational and functional model of assisted living for the disabled
Authors: Ponomarenko G. N. , Kozhushko L. A. , Rokhmanova M. V.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the issues of forming an organizational and functional model of assisted living for disabled people on the basis of a scientifically based approach. A comparative analysis of foreign and domestic practices was carried out. General patterns influencing the development of the assisted living system have been identified, its participants and their powers, material and technical base, human resources, and implementation mechanisms have been identified. The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational and functional model of the system of assisted living for disabled people. Research materials: The research material was data from the annual monitoring of the development of technologies for assisted living of disabled people in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, presented by 89 constituent entities as of March 1, 2024. The methodological basis for monitoring was the developed system of indicators reflecting various aspects of assisted living. Methods: system analysis, qualitative and quantitative content analysis, structural-functional and comparative analysis of regulatory legal documents, statistical analysis. Research results. According to information provided from 89 constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of March 1, 2024, work is underway in 84 regions (94.4%) to organize accompanied accommodation. The factors influencing the development of the assisted living system are analyzed. An organizational and functional model of the assisted living system for disabled people has been formed, which includes three levels of organization (federal, regional and individual). Conclusion. The concept of the model includes a comprehensive, systematic and personalized approach that allows the division of powers between federal and regional authorities, the coordination of work on the implementation of technologies and control over all its links, as well as an individual approach to the development of an individual program of assisted living in order to determine the required volume for a disabled person. help.
Divergent rhythms of motherhood. Patterns of paid and unpaid work and domestic outsourcing among mothers in the United Kingdom and Western Germany
Authors: Deuflhard Carolin
Published: October 2024

Objective: This article investigates class differences in mothers’ daily organization of paid and unpaid work, and how they are associated with domestic outsourcing in the United Kingdom and Western Germany.
Background: Operating hours of schools and daycare facilities often conflict with long working hours in high-skilled jobs and nonstandard working hours in low-skilled jobs. However, little is known on whether advantaged mothers rely on domestic outsourcing to resolve such scheduling conflicts, and how disadvantaged mothers reconcile their daily care responsibilities with paid work, depending on the welfare state context.
Method: The study uses sequence and cluster analyses on time-use data to identify typical patterns of paid and unpaid work (N=1,947). Regression models predict how these patterns differ by the mothers’ education and household income, and how they are associated with outsourcing housework and childcare.
Results: In both contexts, disadvantaged mothers were more likely to have unpaid workdays rather than nonstandard workdays. However, British advantaged mothers were considerably more likely to outsource childcare to pursue standard workdays. By contrast, the pattern of partial workdays in the morning, combined with more unpaid work allocation, prevailed among Western German mothers.
Conclusion: In the United Kingdom, more market-oriented as opposed to conservative family policies, stronger labor market deregulation, and more consistent policy incentives for domestic outsourcing seem more effective than in Western Germany in promoting advantaged mothers’ careers. However, this comes at the expense of greater class differences in how mothers organize their time.
Norms about parental employment in Eastern and Western Germany: Results of a factorial survey experiment
Authors: Bozoyan Christiane , Schmiedeberg Claudia
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study analyzes norms in Germany toward mothers’ and fathers’ work hours, with a focus on differences between Eastern and Western Germany.
Background: Maternal labor force participation has increased in many Western countries, and norms toward parents’ division of paid work and care have changed over the past decades. Most literature, however, focuses on maternal labor force participation without considering paternal work hours, based on the dichotomy of a traditional male-breadwinner model versus a model with two adults working full time and comprehensive institutionalized childcare, leaving out other potential arrangements. This focus limits the understanding of differences between Eastern and Western Germany.
Method: This study investigates normative judgments regarding both mothers’ and fathers’ employment in a factorial survey experiment implemented in the German Family Panel pairfam in 2019/2020 (N=6,285).
Results: The analysis reveals that in Western compared to Eastern Germany shorter working hours are indicated for both fathers and mothers, and judgments regarding working hours vary more and are more affected by job-related variables (relative incomes, career prospects, and family-friendliness of employer).
Conclusion: These results imply that in Western Germany, normative judgments of both parents’ work hours are mainly based on the individual level, taking the family’s specific situation into account, whereas in Eastern Germany, judgements are more strongly influenced by a general norm that both parents should work (near to) full-time.
Coordenação Federativa e a Política Municipal de Saúde no município de Viçosa, MG
Authors: Pinto Tainá Rodrigues Gomide Souza , Beck Ckagnazaroff Ivan
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo trata da coordenação federativa da política de saúde. A federação brasileira estabelecida pela Constituição de 1988 determinou maior autonomia municipal, entretanto, na década de 1990, observou-se a necessidade de que o governo federal exerça a coordenação de determinadas políticas públicas, destacando-se a política de saúde. O presente estudo se propõe a analisar como o município de Viçosa, MG, posiciona-se, no que diz respeito à política de saúde, diante da coordenação federativa exercida pelo governo federal. A fim de cumprir o objetivo, realizou-se um estudo de caso qualitativo da política de saúde do município de Viçosa, MG, sendo realizado um estudo em profundidade. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados três métodos, sendo entrevistas com 22 sujeitos, observação e análise documental, caracterizando a triangulação sequenciada de técnicas de coleta de dados. A partir dos dados coletados, foi realizada a análise de conteúdo baseada em três categorias: “Comando”, “Autonomia” e “Responsabilidade”. Conclui-se que o governo municipal reage às diretrizes nacionais, e que, em função do predomínio da indução do governo federal, da reduzida autonomia normativa e financeira e da falta de capacidade do governo municipal em propor programas que sejam peculiares ao município de Viçosa, MG, as demandas de saúde assimiladas pela governança pública do município são as determinadas e estabelecidas pelo governo federal, compatíveis com as necessidades municipais, sendo a coordenação federal determinante para o efetivo atendimento das demandas municipais de saúde.
Autocorrelação espacial: desempenho econômico dos municípios catarinenses entre 2012-2020
Authors: Begnini Sérgio , Eduardo Carvalho Carlos , Ricardo Rossetto Carlos
Published: October 2024

A concentração espacial de empresas e indústrias tende a atrair novas empresas para o mesmo local, gerando aglomerações produtivas e econômicas. Estudos são realizados para identificar as consequências, em especial os benefícios da aglomeração econômica. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as aglomerações geográficas com base no desempenho econômico dos municípios do estado de Santa Catarina no período de 2012 a 2020, por meio da autocorrelação espacial. Realizou-se o teste de dependência espacial pelo índice de Moran Global e Local. Os resultados revelam a formação de aglomerações com municípios autocorrelacionados espacialmente, tanto com alto desempenho econômico (alto-alto) quanto com baixo desempenho (baixo-baixo) com um padrão estável ao longo do período. O estudo contribui para a compreensão das disparidades regionais referentes ao desempenho econômico, destacando o papel das aglomerações e do salário como fatores relevantes. A pesquisa demonstra a necessidade de políticas públicas que considerem as disparidades regionais no estado, visando à promoção do desenvolvimento em todas as regiões.
WEALTH AND CHILDREN AS FITNAH IN THE QUR’AN
Authors: Zulkarnain Ahmad , Khasanah Rofiatul
Published: October 2024

This research will discuss fitnah concerning wealth and children in Q.S. Al-Anfāl [8]: 28 and Q.S. Taghābun [64]: 15 to know whether the bestowal of wealth and children makes humans able to be grateful or instead makes them negligent of the commands of Allah Swt. The author chooses Al-Azhar and al-Munīr as the sources of research related to wealth and children as fitnah. This research is qualitative using library research with a comparative approach. The primary data sources used are the Qur’an and the commentaries Al-Azhar and al-Munīr. The secondary data sources are the opinions of scholars, books of interpretation, journals, and books related to the research theme. The results of this study indicate that there are differences and similarities in the interpretation of property and children as fitnah. It is influenced by differences in interpretation methods, styles, and sources used by both music which directly affect the meaning of interpretation. Hamka in his Tafsir Al-Azhar explains that the existence of wealth and children makes humans proud and happy, which makes humans forget Allah and makes humans afraid of death, cowardly, afraid to fight unwilling to sacrifice, and reluctant to help others. Meanwhile, Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī explains that wealth and children are fitnah, namely sin and punishment because they can occupy the heart with the world and prevent it from helping others.
Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Extubation Protocols in the Intensive Care Unit Following Transoral Robotic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Recchia Andreaserena , Cascella Marco , Copetti Massimiliano , Barile Alessio , Bignami Elena Giovanna , D’Ecclesia Aurelio , Izzi Antonio , Manuali Aldo , Marchello Vincenzo , Mincolelli Giuseppe , Del Gaudio Alfredo
Published: October 2024

Background: There is a notable lack of protocols addressing extubation techniques in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods. This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients who underwent TORS for OSA between March 2015 and December 2021 and were managed with different extubation approaches. The patients were divided into two groups: high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy and conventional oxygen therapy. The use of an airway exchange catheter (AEC) was investigated. Results: The only application of HFNC use versus conventional oxygen therapy led to a statistical reduction of extubation time (p=0.024); length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the episodes of desaturation below 95% were reduced, but data are non-statically significant. Similarly, the application of an AEC led to a reduction of extubation time in hours (p=0.008) and length of stay in the ICU (p=0.024). Conclusions: In patients with OSA who underwent TORS, the use of HFNC, with or without an AEC, resulted in a significant reduction in extubation time without major adverse events. Additionally, HFNC utilization may decrease desaturation episodes during extubation. Based on the findings of this preliminary investigation, the combination of HFNC and AEC emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing the safety and efficacy of extubation protocols in this patient population.
Age and Gender Strongly Influence Visual Impairment in Schoolchildren
Authors: Awad Kadhim Jawad
Published: October 2024

Background: Blurred vision caused by refractive errors, which result from an imbalance between the axial length and optical power of the eye, is prevalent worldwide. This condition, if undiagnosed in school-aged children, can significantly affect learning and development. Specific background: In Basra City, the prevalence of refractive errors and their impact on students' academic performance remains underexplored. Knowledge gap: There is limited data on the correlation between visual acuity and academic levels in elementary school pupils in this region, especially concerning demographic factors such as age and gender. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), evaluate the visual acuity of elementary school pupils, and describe the characteristics of visually impaired students. Additionally, it sought to assess the relationship between visual acuity, age, gender, and academic performance. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 students from Basra primary schools using a Snellen visual acuity chart. The results revealed that 24% had poor grades, 37% had moderate grades, and 39% had good grades. No significant relationship was found between visual acuity and academic performance, but a strong correlation was observed between visual acuity and both age and gender. Novelty: The study emphasizes the need for early detection of refractive errors in elementary school students and the significant correlation between visual acuity and demographic factors, especially age and gender. Implications: These findings suggest the need for regular vision screenings in schools to ensure early intervention and reduce the long-term impact of visual impairments on children’s educational and social development. Highlights:   Prevalence: High rates of visual impairment found among Basra elementary students. Correlation: Visual acuity strongly linked to age and gender, not academic performance. Recommendation: School vision screenings are vital for early detection and intervention.   Keywords: Refractive errors, Visual acuity, Elementary students, Basra City, Vision screening
Effect of Village Financial Report Presentation, Internal Control, Individual Morality, and Competence on Fraud Prevention in Village Fund Allocation Management
Authors: Febriana Putri , Biduri Sarwenda
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of village financial statements presentation, internal control, individual morality, and competence on fraud prevention in managing village fund allocation (study of villages in Sidoarjo district). The sampling method used is a saturated sampling technique because the population is relatively small. The sample in this study were 76 respondents. Each village is represented by 4 people, namely the Village Head, Village Secretary, Village Treasurer, and BPD in Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency, namely 19 villages including the villages of Banjar Asri, Banjar Panji, Boro, Ganggang Panjang, Gempol Sari, Kalidawir, Kalisampurno, Kalitengah, Kedensari, Kedung Banteng, Kedung Bendo, Ketapang, Ketegan, Kludan, Ngaban, Penatarsewu, Putat, Randegan, and Sentul. The data used is primary data. The data analysis method used in this study is Multiple Linear Regression with SPSS 25. The results of this study indicate that the Presentation of Village Financial Statements Affects Fraud Prevention in Village Fund Allocation Management. Internal Control Affects Fraud Prevention in the Management of Village Fund Allocation. Individual Morale Affects Fraud Prevention in the Management of Village Fund Allocation. Competence Affects Fraud Prevention in Village Fund Allocation Management.
Impact of Mobile Legends Game on Youth Procrastination
Authors: Oetomo Mochamad Saputra , Fahyuni Eni Fariyatul
Published: October 2024

Mobile Legends is an internet network-based game and is also popular in Indonesia. Academic procrastination is a tendency to delay starting or completing work as a whole. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Mobile Legend games among adolescents in Jambangan Village and to determine the impact of Mobile Legends games on adolescent procrastination in Jambangan Village. The purpose of this research is to find out the use of Mobile Legends games among teenagers in Jambangan Village and to find out the impact of Mobile Legends games on adolescent procrastination in Jambangan Village. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study found that the use of the Mobile Legends game can be seen from (1) addiction, (2) requiring refreshment to relieve stress, (3) following trends that are emerging in the surrounding environment, (4) there is curiosity from within them. the impact of the Mobile Legends game can have an impact on adolescent procrastination, being lazy to study, school assignments being delayed and piling up, not being on time to do it, often neglecting assignments, delaying worship time. As for there are other impacts from the negative and positive sides, among others: often say dirty, wasteful and can improve English.
Strategy of Village Owned Enterprises in Realizing Independent Villages
Authors: Sari Arum Puspita , Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the strategy of BUMDes in realizing an independent village in Ketapanrame Village. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research, data collection is done by observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The technique of determining the informants used purposive sampling technique. In this study, the informants were the Commissioner of BUMDes Ketapanrame, Directors of BUMDes Ketapanrame, the head of the tourism unit, and the community involved in the BUMDes business. The data analysis technique uses the Ari Miles and Huberman analysis model which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions or verification. The results of this study indicate that the first of the organizational strategy of BUMDes Taman Ghanjaran is carried out in accordance with the vision and mission that has been established so that BUMDes not only pursue profit targets but also become social actors. The two strategies of the Taman Ghanjaran BUMDes program apply 3 strategies, namely meeting market demand, budgeting and planning, of the three strategies supported by marketing that applies free admission to the Taman Ghanjaran area. The three resource support strategies are carried out by developing the capacity of managers and administrators through training and comparative studies conducted at BUMDes which were advanced and successful in order to gain knowledge transfer to be developed in Ghanjaran Park. And fourth, there is an institutional strategy that is supported by partnerships with outside parties to get investors and serve as a promotional place to attract tourists to Ghanjaran Park.
The Effect of Service Quality, Price and Promotion on Purchase Decisions on Yuuk Mie SMEs in Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Kusniawati Nur Hayati Eka , Hariasih Misti
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality, price and promotion on purchasing decisions on Yuk Mie SMEs in Keboharan Village, Sidoarjo. This research is a descriptive study using quantitative methods. The population used in this study were all consumers who had bought Yuk Mie UMKM products in Keboharan Village. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire with a total of 96 respondents. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with the Accidental Sampling method. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression using the SPSS version 25 program. The results show that service quality has a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions, price has a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions, promotions have a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions. and the influence of service quality, price and promotion have a joint effect on purchasing decisions. Keywords: Service Quality, Price, Promotion, Purchase Decision