bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrastive Studies of Coal between Direct Ultrasonic Extraction and Soxhlet Extraction
Authors: Yang Hong , Bi Wen Yan , Chen Hou Xiang , Zhang Yu Gui
Published: May 2011

To compare the extraction rate of the organic components of coal between direct ultrasonic extraction and traditional soxhlet extraction, samples were selected from tectonic coal and original bituminous coal in Pingdingshan 8th coal mine and 5th coal mine. Compared the extraction time of two different extraction methods under the same extraction rate, the experimental results showed that the direct ultrasonic extraction rate was 3.6942% under the condition that coal was 8th coal mine tectonic coal, solvent was pyridine, extraction time was 6min and solvent volume was 60mL, while soxhlet extraction time was 14.59h in the same extraction rate. The extraction efficiency of the direct ultrasonic extraction was 145.9 times that of the soxhlet extraction. The ultrasonic extraction was a simplify working with fast extraction speed, sample capacity, energy saving, economy and environmental friendly. It also didn’t require heating which could avoid the influence of high-temperature on components extracted.
Study on a New High Efficiency Energy-Conservation Multi-Effects Bio-Ethanol Distillation Technology
Authors: Qi Xiang Juan , Sun Ling Dong
Published: May 2011

A new four column multi-effects distillation technology for the production of edible alcohol is simulated and optimized by AspenPlus simulation software on the basis of energy conservation technique of multi-effects distillation. The optimized technical parameters are summed up as follows: the theoretical number of trays and top pressure of the beer column, aldehyde removing column, refining column 1 and refining column 2 are 17, 40, 62, 50 and 0.4 atm, 0.4atm, 1.9 atm, 6.0 atm respectively. Only the refining column 2 needs extra heat source, the calculated saturated steam (7 atm) consumption is 1.1t/t edible alcohol product; ethanol content in product edible alcohol is 95.6%(v/v), meets the GB10343-2002 high grade. The yield of the ethanol product is higher than 95%.
Microstructural Characteristics of Toluene Insolubles from Coal Tar
Authors: Li Dong , Li Wen Hong , Yang Xiao Yan , Fan Zheng , Wang Feng , Yan Sui Hong
Published: May 2011

Toluene insolubles (TI) in coal tar is harmful to the downstream hydrotreating, and it may be difficult to be removed by conventional filtration. The TI is separated from coal tar which is washed by toluene and centrifugated at 2000 rpm and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size measurements, X-ray Diffraction analyses (XRD) and elemental analysis. It is concluded that TI in coal tar is present typically as globular aggregates. The primary particles range in size from less than 0.5μm to about 20μm. Characterization of TI in the coal tar showed that it is a nitrogen and oxygen rich material. TI is mainly inorganic elements representative of quartz, albite and calcite associated with kerogen material.
Design and Evaluation of Compound Chemical Scale Remover
Authors: Ren Cheng Qiang , Wang Xu , Liu Li , Gao Lei
Published: May 2011

Scale deposition, including organic and inorganic substances, is always found in oil and gas field due to the changes of environmental factors in production. As a result, it is puzzled by the formation damage and wellbore plug. In fact, many wells face to complex scale, and even it is difficult to identify the type. In order to simplify treatment and promote efficiency, it is necessary to develop combining scale remover. A compound chemical scale remover is designed to relieve the complex scale comprised of calcium carbonate, guar gum and paraffin. Inorganic scale removing efficiency, paraffin removing rate and viscosity reduction ratio are used to determine the main agents respectively. Surfactants and lacquer solvent are added to develop an emulsion solution due to the incompatibility of water solution and organic solvent. This formula can dissolve 72.58% weight of calcium carbonate, reduce the viscosity of guar gum to 2.736mPa×s and remove the paraffin with a rate of 0.018 g/min.
Application of Hydrogen Storage Materials in Hydrogenation of Coal-Derived Preasphaltene
Authors: Kang Shi Gang , Zong Zhi Min , Shui Heng Fu , Wang Zhi Cai , Wei Xian Yong
Published: May 2011

The hydrogenation of preasphaltene (PA), from Chinese Xiaolongtan lignite liquefied heavy product, was investigated with hydrogen storage materials in a batch autoclave. The effects of reaction conditions such as hydrogen storage materials and temperature on the yields of gas+oil, asphaltene, char and the conversions of preasphaltene were discussed. Preliminary studies indicate that increasing temperature not only improves hydrogen donor performance of hydrogen storage materials but also enhances conversion of feedstock PA and gas+oil yield. The conversion of PA and the yield gas+oil get to 72.02% and 41.46%, respectively, under 5% MgH2, 5MPa initial hydrogen pressure, temperature 420°C and reaction time 30min. Meanwhile MgH2 is stronger than NaBH4 in hydrodeoxygenation of PA under the same conditions. Elemental and FTIR analyses were used to illustrate the structural characteristics of feedstock PA and remaining preasphaltene (RPA).
Simulation and Optimization of an O-Xylene Columns
Authors: Wu Si Dong , Zhao Yan Wei , Feng Xiao , Chu Khim
Published: May 2011

For a distillation column under practical operation, the reflux ratio, feed location, flowrate of the top or bottom products are all very important parameters. Using the process simulation package ASPEN PLUS to solve mass balance, heat balance and phase equilibrium equations of a distillation column, the relationships between feed location and content of key components, feed location and heat loads, reflux ratio and content of key components, reflux ratio and heat loads, flowrate of the top product and content of key components, and flowrate of the top product and heat loads, can be determined. With the specifications for the content of key components as constraints, the optimal feed location, reflux ratio and flowrate of the top product can be determined. The o-xylene (OX) column in a xylene plant is optimized as a case study in this paper. Under the optimal conditions the heating utility for the reboiler can be reduced by 20%, OX can be produced by 0.8% more, and operating cost can be reduced by 2,336,000 yuan per year.
Prediction for the Riser’s Average Solids Concentration Based on the Least Square SVM Method
Authors: Wang Xue Yao , Xiao Yun Han
Published: May 2011

The measurement for riser’s solids concentration is important but difficult. So, a high-efficiency and low-cost new predicted method based on the least square SVM method is proposed. The superficial operated gas velocity Ug and solids circulation rate εs are chosen as the effect factors of the solids concentration. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression model (Linear) and artificial neural net model (ANN) are also used to compare with the SVM model. By analyzing the training time and error, it is proved the SVM model has higher prediction accuracy and forecasting efficiency, which is a better choice for the riser’s solids concentration prediction.
Experiment Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Novel Gravity-Assisted Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger
Authors: Cao Xiao Lin , Cao Shuang Jun , Zhu Xiao Jun , Zeng Wei , Wang Fang Fang , Li Jiang , Chi Dong
Published: May 2011

A novel gravity-assisted heat pipe with fins was developed. The influences of filling ratio, inclination angle and air velocity at condenser section on the heat transfer characteristics were investigated experimentally. The results show that heat power has an important effect on heat transfer characteristics while inclination angle has little effect on that. The minimum heat transfer resistance is got at the filling ratio equaling about 20%. The heat transfer thermal resistance decreases gradually as the air velocity at condenser section increases.
Optimization of Synthesis Condition for LiFePO4/C Cathode Material
Authors: Zhu Ling Zhi , Han En Shan , Cao Ji Lin
Published: May 2011

This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Common and cheap organic matters (Glucose anhydrous, Citric acid, Vitamin C, Sucrose) were selected for carbon coatings on LiFePO4. The four pre-treatment processes were employed to optimize the carbon coating process, and through solid state-carbothermal reduction synthesis of LiFePO4/C composites. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the material were studied by XRD, SEM and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods. It is observed that the tap density of citric acid coating material can reach 1.44 g/ml. Conductivity increased four orders of magnitude. At room temperature, the initial discharge specific capacity of the materials is as high as 89.6 mAh/g at 5.0 C (corresponding to 850 mA/g). After 30 cycles, the capacity is 83.9 mAh/g and decay only 2.0 %.
Distribution of Alkylene Bridge Bonds in Shenfu Coal
Authors: Peng Yao Li , Lv Jie , Lv Jing Hui , Xie Guang Yuan
Published: May 2011

To understand the distribution of the alkylene bridge bonds which connect aromatic moieties and utilize coal effectively, Shenfu coal (SFC), its solvent extraction fractions and carbon disulfide (CS2)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) inextractable matter (RE) were subject to ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO). The results suggest that the carbon number of the alkylene bridge bonds range from C0 to C30 and that dominant alkylene linkage are C2 and C3 in SFC, a,w-diarylalkanes are soluble in a CS2/THF mixed solvent, whereas highly condensed aromatic species in SFC show poor solubility in the CS2/THF mixed solvent.
Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil Model Compounds
Authors: Liu Chun Tian
Published: May 2011

Tetrahydrothiophene and thiophene are taken as models of aliphatic and aromatic sulfides in aquathermolysis reaction of heavy oil respectively. Experimental data indicates C-S bond of sulfide compound are broken down. The results of thermodynamic calculation indicate that transform rates of two reactants arrive at 100% when the ratio of water/tetrahydrothiophene is more than 3 or the ratio of water/thiophene is more than 4 respectively, temperature and pressure and feed ratio have little effects on equilibrium composition simultaneously. High feed-in ratio is propitious to yield when water is insufficient, and the gaseous products improve with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure.
Discuss on Reducing Resistance Force in Micro Flow
Authors: Bi Yan Chang , Li Yang , Xiao Han Min , Sun Ling Hui , Liu Wei Dong
Published: May 2011

Micro flow experiments in microtubes with nominal radius of 5μm have been accomplished and the impacts of wettability on micro flow have been studied. Method of improving injection by resistance force reducing agent has been discussed in this paper. Research results show that the flux differences between hydrophobic and hydrophilic microtubes represent more obvious at low velocity and low pressure condition. Water flux in hydrophobic microtubes are higher than in hydrophilic microtubes when the pressure gradient is smaller than 1 MPa·m-1, but the differences are no more obvious when the pressure gradient is greater than 1MPa·m-1. Some surfactants (resistance force reducing agents) can be adsorbed and arranged tightly on the wall of the microtube, and the wettability of the wall surface can be changed in a certain extent. Thus, the attraction of wall to water molecule is decreased, the effective boundary layer is getting thinner and the flow resistance can be reduced as a result. Based on this research, it is foreseeable that resistance force reducing agents can be applied in low permeability reservoir to improve water injection and improve oil recovery.
Application of Thermodynamics to the Allocation of Cumulative Exergy Consumption in the Multiproduct Separation Processes
Authors: Zhu Ping
Published: May 2011

Based on the minimum separation work theory, a novel allocation parameter of cumulative exergy consumption, the minimum separation power of the product stream (MSPS), is proposed in the separation processes in this article. The related mathematical models are established. The application of this approach to a case study is provided.
A New Catalyst on Di(1-Naphthyl)methane Hydrocracking and Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Yue Xiao Ming , Zong Zhi Min , Sun Bing , Wang Ying Hua , Qing Yu , Liu Fang Jing , Wei Xian Yong
Published: May 2011

A new catalyst with two active constituents interacting with activated carbon was prepared. As a model reaction for coal liquefaction, the hydrocracking of di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM) was investigated under different reaction conditions over the catalyst. The results show that the catalyst converts DNM hydrocraking into 1-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene with high selectively, without any hydrogenation product. Kinetic analysis indicates that DNM hydrocracking in the temperature range of 170-300 °C could be considered as a first order reaction. The activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A for DNM hydrocracking for different reaction times were calculated.
Heat and Mass Transfer Model for the Thin Material Layer Consisting of Zinc-Containing Pellets in Rotary Hearth Furnace
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Nai Shuai , Wen Zhi , Lou Guo Feng
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a mathematical model is established to simulate heat and mass transfer process among the thin material layer consisting of zinc-containing pellets while being reduced in Rotary Heath Furnace (RHF). The material layer model is based on a single pellet model, coupling heat and mass transfer and chemical reactions. The model essentially involved solving the unsteady-state equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions using the control volume formulation. Temperature distribution, gas phase concentration, metallization rate, and dezincing rate have been obtained and discussed.
Effect of Microwave on Iron Potassium Catalyst Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Wang Tao Tao , Wei Xian Yong , Zhao Jian Jun , Qi Xing Zhen , Zong Zhi Min
Published: May 2011

Fe-K/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by microwave irradiation or by the steep and calcine conventional method. They were then tested by analyzing the products on-line with a gas chromatograph (GC 508) equipped with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and in-series of packed columns Porapak-Q. The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as N2 physisorption with the BET method. The result show that microwave radiation of the catalyst led to an increase in the surface area, mesopores pore volume, the catalyst proved to have more reaction activity than that prepared by conventional method.
Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Power Plant Coal Quality
Authors: Wang Shuai , Feng Xin Lu , Zhou Jun , Wang Xue Mei
Published: May 2011

Studied the correlation of near-infrared spectra data and six coal indices, found ash and calorific value has low correlations with spectra data; then use dynamic principal components PLS method predict the coal index; this method could predict Volatile and Hydrogen content better, however, the ability to predict Carbon content and Nitrogen content is lower. It is found that using reflection spectroscopy analyzes the coal need a strong energy source, because the color of coal is deep and reflection is very weak, this leads to noisy signals. Only by improving the energy source could solve the problem of poor spectra data fundamentally; spectral data mining cannot fundamentally improve the quality of data. The current near-infrared reflection spectroscopy common platform such as BRUKER is not suitable for coal analysis, analysis of coal to be better need to develop special near-infrared measuring instruments.
An Anti-Collision Risk Assessment Method for Single-Row Wellheads in Vertical Well Section of Cluster Well
Authors: Liu Yong Wang , Guan Zhi Chuan , Zhao Guo Shan , Hu Chang Peng
Published: May 2011

Vertical Well-bore Section Anti-collision is one of the main problems to be resolved for clustering directional well during the construction process. In order to effectively reduce the Vertical Well Section collision risk of this wells, the relationship between Wellbore cross-collision probability and the Wellbore separation was studied, the relationship between Wellbore cross-collision probability and the parallel Section length of the two Wellbore was also studied, Based on the above study found the method to calculate the Vertical Wellbore Section cross-collision probability of the clustering directional well. The Vertical Well-bore Section arrangement with smallest cross-collision probability was found by analyzing the cross-collision probability in line style wellhead of cluster wells consisting of 4 wells through this method. The results show that when the Well-bore separation is less than 1.5m. Wellbore collision probability rapidly decrease with the increase of Well-bore separation, the wellbore collision probability trends to smooth when wellbore separation is more than this distance, and the tendency will increase with the increase of parallel section length of the two Wellbore. By optimizing the arrangement and design methods can effectively reduce the collision risk. This study provides a new idea to reduce the overall risk of Cluster Well development.
Simulation of Co-Current Multi-Effect Drying System
Authors: Li Hong , Hu Yang Dong , Zhang Pei , Wu Lian Ying , Li Yong Gang
Published: May 2011

Based on the heat integration principle and temperature-enthalpy graph, a co-current multi-effect drying model is established. Being proved by the composite curve of the temperature-enthalpy graph, pressure of each effect is designed in same pressure drop mode. Numbers of effect from 1 to 5 are simulated by iterative method, while the h is 0.7, 0.8 and 1. The results indicate that the co-current multi-effect drying can reduce the use of fresh vapor by at least 33% .
Experimental Investigation of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Thermal Foam Flooding
Authors: Liu Hui Qing , Wang Jing , Hou Peng Cheng , Wang Bing Ke
Published: May 2011

Foam has been widely used in petroleum industry. It could enhance oil recovery by the means of improving mobility ratio, selective plugging and lowering the interfacial tension(IFT) of oil and water. The influences of concentration, temperature, gas-liquid ratio, permeability and oil saturation on the plugging property of 3 foaming agents were studied experimentally. The foaming agent concentration and the ratio of steam to nitrogen for thermal foam flooding were optimized. Displacement experiments were performed to investigate the EOR effect of 2# foaming agent. It was shown that the resistance factor increased with the increase of the concentration, gas-liquid ratio and permeability and the increase velocity slowed down in the later period of experiments. The optimal concentration was 0.5wt% and the optimum gas-liquid ratio was 1:1. The resistance factor reduced with increasing oil saturation. The plugging ability lost when the oil saturation was greater than 0.2. The resistance factors of 1# and 2# foaming agents decreased with increasing temperature but 3# increased. The best concentration was 0.6wt% and the ratio of steam to nitrogen was 3:2 for steam and nitrogen foam flooding. In the process of thermal foam flooding, oil recovery increased by 20.82%, and the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency was 13% and 24.6% , separately.
A Novel Natural Gas Liquids Recovery Process from Oil Field Associated Gas with LNG Cryogenic Energy Utilization
Authors: Bian Hai Jun , Xu Wen Dong , Li Xiu Xi , Qian Yu
Published: May 2011

A novel LNG cryogenic energy utilization process to recovery natural gas liquids from oil field associated gas is proposed. The proposed process uses the cryogenic energy of LNG and saves 62.6% of electricity, which is compared to the current electric refrigeration process. The proposed process recovers ethane, liquid petroleum gas (propane and butane) and heavier hydrocarbons, with total recovery rate of natural gas liquids up to 96.8%. Exergy analysis method is used to assess the new process. The results show that exergy efficiency of the new process is 44.3%, and compared to the current electric refrigeration process, exergy efficiency of the new process is improved by 16%. The proposed process has been applied in a conceptual design scheme of the cryogenic energy utilization and implemented for a 300 million tons/yr LNG receiving terminal in a northern Chinese harbor.
Selective Methanation of CO over Mesoporous Nano Zirconian Supported Ni Catalysts
Authors: Liu Qi Hai , Liao Lie Wen , Zhou Xin Hua , Yin Quo Qiang
Published: May 2011

Mesoporous nano zirconian was prepared by the self-assembly route using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant and employed as support for Nickel catalysts for selective methanation of CO. The CO methanation catalytic performance of the synthesized mesoporous nano zirconia-supported Ni-based catalysts was investigated, and the catalysts were charactered by TG/DSC, BET and XRD techniques. The results showed that, when the Ni loading was under 7.5 wt%, almost all the nickle species were in the form of nanoscale crystallites that finely distributed on the mosoporous nano zirconian surface. These well dispersive nickle species presented unique high activity and selectivity for CO methanation. For all the catalysts studied, the 7.5 wt%Ni/ZrO2catalyst was the most effective one, which showed a higher than 99% of CO conversion in the CO/CO2competitive methanation reactions over the temperature interval of 260~280°C, while the CO2conversion was held at the low level.
Preparation and Characterization of PVA-Collagen Composite Fibers
Authors: Sun Xian Hui
Published: May 2011

The collagen was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the maximum maintenance of the natural structure as precondition. The apparent viscosity and rheology property of PVA-collagen blended solution were studied. the mechanical properties of the blend membrane formed from PVA-collagen blended solution were also determined. The PVA-collagen blended solution was wet spinned with the sodium sulfate as coagulant to prepare PVA-collagen composite fibers. SEM analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis of the PVA-collagen composite fibers were studied. The results indicated that, blended with PVA, the spinning property and mechanical properties of collagen were improved. The figure of the aim fiber transect structure was similar as the kidney, and it had a uniform size. The crystallization degree of the fiber was 55.7%, and it was increased with the increase of the hot extending temperature and the extending ratio.
Upgrading Heavy Oil by Catalytic Aquathermolysis Using Formic Acid as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Zhao Jie , Liu Yong Jian , Chen Qiu Yue
Published: May 2011

The aquathermolysis (AqTh) of Liaohe heavy crude oil (HCO) in a 300ml autoclave is investigated with an oil soluble catalyst and formic acid as hydrogen donor at 280°C for 24h in N2 atmosphere，with initial pressure 8.1 MPa. The catalyst is a green viscous liquid of nD=1.4737 and made from naphthenic acid and nickel sulfate. The viscosity of HCO is temperature sensitive, being of 3716 mPa·s at 50°C and shear rate 44.1 s-1.The plain catalytic AqTh of HCO leads to a percentage viscosity reduction(PVR) of 64.69%，to an increase in saturates and aromatics contents from 24.32% and 36.89% to 26.12% and 38.08%, and to a decrease in resins, asphaltenes, and sulfur contents from 30.27%，8.52%, and 0.5650% to 28.27%,7.53%,and 0.3365%, respectively; when formic acid is introduced at dosage of 1~7% HCO mass, the PVR is continuously raised to 69.16~87.02%, the saturates and aromatics contents increased to 27.73~31.12% and 39.68~41.26% and the resins, asphaltenes, and sulfur contents decreased to 26.29~24.12%, 6.66~3.50% and 0.3095~0.0742%,respectively. The IR-spectrometry shows that decarboxylation is conducted and number of aromatic rings is lessened in hydrogen donor catalytic AqTh. The role of formic acid and the functioning mechanisms involved inatalytic AqTh of HCO are discussed.
Hydrocracking of Di(1-Naphthyl)methane over Acid Solid Catalyst
Authors: Yue Xiao Ming , Sun Bing , Zong Zhi Min , Lu Yao , Mei Li Min , Wei Xian Yong
Published: May 2011

As a model reaction for coal liquefaction, the hydrocraking of di(1-naphthyl)methane (DNM) was investigated using acid solid catalyst (ASC) under different reaction conditions. The results show that acid solid catalyst selectively catalyzes DNM hydrocraking to give 1-methylnaphthalene and naphthalene, without hydrogenation product. The rate of DNM hydrocraking strongly depended on reaction temperature, reaction time and the catalyst feed, whereas effect of hydrogen pressure was not serious. The effects of acid solid catalyst is to make Car-Calk bond cleavage.
Study on the Microstructure and Behaviour of Unburnt Pulverized Coal in BF
Authors: Su Bu Xin , Zhang Jian Liang , Yan Bing Ji , Che Xiao Mei , Wang Guang Wei , Hu Zheng Wen
Published: May 2011

Using the sampling device for unburnt pulverized coal(UPC) before the tuyere and combining the UPC microscopic morphology which are in BF dust, there is a detailed study of the combustion process of coal before the tuyere. Analyze the behavior of the UPC for effective use and ineffective use in BF, and then get the conclusion, that it can relax the size of the PCI appropriately, and make it to produce proper UPC, which can participate in all kinds of reaction in BF, so that it can replace a part of coke; but in the slag and dust the UPC is hoped not too much.
Preparation of Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids by Oxidation of Coal with NaOCl
Authors: Gong Gui Zhen , Wei Xian Yong , Wang Shang Li , Liu Shao Peng , Yao Ting , Zhou Jian Shi , Qie Li Man , Li Jin Na , Lv Jie , Zong Zhi Min
Published: May 2011

Taixi anthracite coal (TXC) was subjected to oxidation with NaOCl aqueous solution under mild conditions. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethoxyethane, followed by esterification with CH2N2, affording esterification products, which were analyzed by GC/MS. A large extent of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPAs) were obtained in the coal oxidation products. The results showed that oxidation of coals with NaOCl aqueous solution is a useful technique for the high value-added utilization of coals.
Pretreatment of Fir Powder and Its Dissolution in Ionic Liquid of 1-(2-Hydroxylethyl)-3-Ethylene Imidazolium Chloride
Authors: Guo Li Ying
Published: May 2011

Ionic liquid, 1-(2-hydroxylethyl)-3-ethylene imidazolium chloride ([HeVIM]Cl) was synthesized and its chemical structures was examined by FTIR and 1HNMR. Fir powder was extracted with a mixture of benzene/ethanol or activated with 25% (mass fraction) NaOH under normal temperature and pressure, microwave and high pressure. Dissolution of the pretreated wood powder in [HeVIM]Cl by microwave (90°C, 400w) was studied. The results showed that the ionic liquid [HeVIM]Cl exhibited a good solubility. Wood powder pretreated with 25% NaOH under high pressure had the lowest crystallinity (2.4%) and the highest dissolution rate (21.6%).
Application of Chemical Storage in Smart Grid and Analysis on Loss Reduction
Authors: Kong Chun Yan , Yu Shen Hang , Sun Ying
Published: May 2011

Because of the characteristic of highly controllability and modularization, battery energy storage could be widely applied in the distributed renewable energy generation for improving the reliability of power supply and smoothing the load. The paper introduces the chemical energy storage technology especially the flow battery and designs the model of smart grid with the chemical energy storage devices. Then the paper gives the interface circuit between smart grid and energy storage, and simulates an actual distribution network with chemical energy storage device, the result shows that if the energy storage battery with proper capacity was connected to the distribution network at a proper position, it was effective in reducing the line loss.
Study of Multi-Variable Grey Model on Kinetics of Methyl Orange Photodegradation Reaction by Sm-Doped TiO2
Authors: Li Feng , Bian He , Zheng Jing Tang , Hu Yan
Published: May 2011

Sm-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by doping samarium ions into TiO2 nanoparticles in a sol-gel process. The samples were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) in water under UV or stimulant solar light irradiation. The kinetics of MO photodegradation was further studied using multi-variable grey model. The experimental results indicated that the Sm3+ doping reduced the crystallite size, and appropriate doping induced red-shift of the absorption profile of TiO2. It was also found that the red-shift and absorptivity decreased in the range of 350-500 nm with the increase of Sm3+ doping and the optimal doping concentration was 0.05 mol%. Furthermore, the effects of Sm3+ doping concentration, the calcinating temperature of the samples, and the illuminating light on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were well simulated using multi-variable grey model.
Preparation and Characterization of Citric Acid Modified Marigold Dregs Biosorbents
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Ting , Wang Kun Jie , Zhang De Yi
Published: May 2011

The objectives of this study were to convert marigold dregs to a cationic metal ions and dye adsorbent and further to investigate the potential of using the adsorbent for the removal of copper(Ⅱ) and methylene blue (MB) from effluents. The base washed marigold dregs and citric acid (CA) modified marigold dregs (MMD) were prepared and the structure were investigated by fourier transform infrared, emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the modification did not significantly change the morphology of the dregs surface structure but the esterificated reaction could increase the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the adsorbent. The adsorption ability are also evaluated by MB and copper(Ⅱ) and the results show the MMD is an excellent adsorbent. Due to the high adsorption quantity, it may be used as a low cost alternate adsorbent for the elimination of metal and dye ions form effluents.
Concentration of Miglitol on Adsorption Effect of Equilibrium and Kinetics
Authors: Zhang Jie Bing , Zhang Xiao Li , Li Hong Ya , Zhao Bin Xia , Xiong Zhu
Published: May 2011

Concentrations of miglitol on the adsorptive capacity effect of resin were investigated.The pseudo first and second order equations were used to describe the kinetic process of ion exchange. The results showed that adsorption of miglitol onto resin is fast and can reach approximate equilibrium after 2.5h. Langmuir model is suitable to describe the equilibrium adsorption.By linear fit of the pseudo first and second order equation and comparing the R2value of correlation coefficient, it finds that the R2value of the pseudo second order equation is bigger, and concludes that the ion exchange process is described by the pseudo second order equation.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Ethanol Production from Alkaline-Pretreated Wheat Straw by Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
Authors: Chang Chun , Xu Gui Zhuan , Ma Xiao Jian
Published: May 2011

The alkaline-pretreated wheat straw was used as raw materials, and the fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for ethanol production with higher substrate loading (up to 16% (w/v)) was investigated. Firstly, the Fed-batch SSF with different feeding strategy was optimized. The highest ethanol concentration reached to 37.9 g/L with an initial substrate loading of 10% (w/v), and equal substrate addition (3%) at 8h and 16h respectively. Then the effects of Tween-20 were also investigated. The results showed that Tween-20 addition with 2.0 g/L can improved the ethanol production. Furthermore, a nonisothermal fed-batch SSF was proposed, and the ethanol concentration of 41.5 g/L, corresponds to 81.0 % of the theoretical yield was achieved within 72 h.
Optimal Study of Co-Immobilized GOD/CAT on Cross-Linked Chitosan Microsphere Containing L-Lysine
Authors: Zhou Xiao Hua , Wang Ying Li , Su Xia Li
Published: May 2011

Glucose oxidase (GOD) and catalase (CAT) were co-immobilized on the cross-linked chitosan microsphere containing L-Lysine (CCL) by the method of absorption-crosslink, with cross-linking agent of glutaraldehyde. The optimized conditions of the co-immobilization are as follows: activity ratio of GOD and CAT is 0.78:1, concentration of glutaraldehyde is 0.17mmol/L, and the immobilizing process last for 3 hours. The enzyme activity of co-immobilized enzyme is 15.3U/mg and activity recovery is 50.1%. The half life is 231 days, 2.4 times of immobilized GOD.
Study on the Substrate Specificity of Xylose Isomerase N91D Mutant from Thermus thermophilus HB8 by Molecular Simulation
Authors: Xu Wei , Shao Rong , Li Yan , Yan Ming , Ouyang Ping Kai
Published: May 2011

Compared withThermus thermophilusHB8 xylose isomerase(TthXI), the increase of the substrate specificity on D-xylose of its N91D mutant (TthXI-N91D) was observed in the previous study. In order to clarify the structural mechanism of TthXI-N91D, the complex model of TthXI with D-xylose was constructed by molecular docking method. The TthXI-N91D homology model was built by WATH IF5.0 based on the above complex. The results indicate that the distance between the conserved residue H53 NE2 and D-xylose O5 has decreased in 0.083 nm in the TthXI-N91D active site. The short distance is propitious to transfer the hydrogen atom during the open ring process of substrate. At the same time, the distance between the conserved residue T89 OG1, involving in combining glucose, and D-xylose C5 has reduced 0.133 nm. The shrunken space has an unfavorable effect on accommodating the larger glucose than xylose, and lead to the enhanced specificity for D-xylose.The above phenomenon maybe the main reason for explaining that TthXI-N91D is easy to combine D-xylose showing enhanced specificity. The results paly an important role in understanding the catalytic mechanism of xylose isomerase and provides the base for its molecular design.
(R)-1-Phenylethanol Production from Racemic 1- Phenylethanol by Double Strains Redox-Coupling
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Xiong Min , Li Dong Gui , Zhang Zuo Hui
Published: May 2011

A strain S307 that can oxidize selectively (S)- 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone and a strain IS 118 that can asymmetric reduce acetophenone to (R)- 1-phenylethanol were isolated from soil. S307 was identified as a species of Undibacterium belonging to the family Oxalobacteraceae of the Betaproteobacteria. S307. IS 118 was identified as Asperillus tamarii. The oxidation of (R, S)-1- phenylethanol with Undibacterium sp. S307 followed by the reduction of the oxidation mixture with Asperillus tamarii IS 118 to afford (R)-1-phenylethanol was described. The effects of redox-coupling patterns on the product of (R)-1-phenylethanol were investigated. After redox-coupling deracemization, the yield and ee of (R)-1-phenylethanol were 87% and 99% respectively.
Photophysical Properties of Carbazole Derivative DPSPC Doped Composite Glass
Authors: Deng Yun Long , Sun Yun Hui , Cao Du Xia , Chen Ying , Liu Zhi Qiang
Published: May 2011

A D-π-D type of organic dye 2,7-di[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)styryl]-9-n-pentyl-9H- carbazole (DPSPC) with diphenylamine as donor group and styrene-carbazole-styrene as conjugation bridge has been synthesized. The photophysical properties of the dye in different solvents and poly methyl methacrylate/organic modified sol-gel glasses are researched. The results indicate that the fluorescence properties of the organic dye in composite glass increase relative to that in solvents and there are no fluorescence quenching in high doped concentration in composite glass matrixes. The dye has higher stability in the composite glass than that in solution.
The Effect of Support on the Electrochemical Performance of Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacit
Authors: Sun Yan Hong , Zhao Jia Chang , Zhou Hong Hua , Tang Bo He Jin , Gu Yu Qing , Tang Ao Min , Liao Chen Min , Xu Jing Li
Published: May 2011

Composite electrode materials for supercapacitor were prepared by a combination of incipient wetness impregnation and hydrothermal method in this study. The materials were characterized by XRD, specific surface area and electrochemical testing. The effect of support on the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode materials was investigated. The result shows that the samples prepared by different supports contain nickel nitrate hydroxide hydrate (the electroactive material in the composite) and undecomposed nickel nitrate.The specific surface area decrease after the loading of nickel compounds, which indicates the exisitance of nickel compounds in the pores. The composite prepared by using diatomite support exhibits higher specific capacitance than those prepared by using SBA-15 and Ti-Si molecular sieve, which delivers the specific capacitance of 1162.77 F/g at the scan rate of 5 mV/s.
Curing, Thermal Properties and Flame Resistance of Tetrabromo-BPA Epoxy Resin/ Boron-Containing Phenol Resin
Authors: Gao Jun Gang , Zhang Xue Fang , Lv Hong Qiu
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the properties of boron-containing phenol-formaldehyde resin (BPFR), the tetrabromo-bisphenol A epoxy resin (TBBPAER) was used to cure BPFR. The curing mechanism, thermal properties and the fire resistance of TBBPAER/BPFR were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), torsional braid analysis (TBA) and the oxygen index method. The results show, -OH of -C6H4-CH2OH and -C6H4OH reacts with the epoxy group. With the increase in the amount of BPFR, the thermal properties get better. When the additive amount of TBBPAER is 10 wt%, this material has best thermal stability at high temperature and higher temperature of loss bromine. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is 223.2 °C and the LOI is 68.5.
Study of Interior Wall Coating Based on Metakaolinand Modified Starch
Authors: Zhou Ru Jin , Huang Min , Qiu Song Shan
Published: May 2011

In order to reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and save the non-renewable resource, a novel interior wall coating with high bond strength based on metakaolin and modified starch was developed. The process on researches includes three steps. Firstly, cassava starch was reformed including etherification, oxidation, conjugate crosslinking and drying to gain natural polymer glue powder which can be used as forming agent, and a dispensation in producing environment friendly paint for interior wall coating was preliminarily obtained. The dispensation consists of forming agent, calcium carbonate, French chalk, chitosan and mildew preventive. Secondly, the process on metakaolin was studied. Metakaolin shows hydration Characteristics and can make interior wall coating have bond strength and resistance to water. At last, the dispensations and processes in obtaining starch glue, metakaolin and paint powder were decided respectively, and the data in gauging bonding force, resistance to water and the performance of interior wall coating were gained. The research on forming agent was as following: the mixture of cassava starch and NaOH was stirred, and pulverized to be sieved by100 mesh. After reacted stirringly with chloroacetic acid for 1.5h at room temperature, the mixture was oxidized by oxidant for 2h and crosslinked by crosslinking agent for 1h respectively to obtain forming agent. The mass fraction of NaOH, chloroacetic acid, oxidant and crosslinking agent to cassava starch were 6%, 5%, 6% and 0.8%, respectively. The Kaolin selected must contain high percents of Al2O3 and SiO2 , and was calcined at 700°C for 5h to have metakaolin as additive for interior wall coating to improve bond strength and resistance to water. The composition of interior wall coating optimized by orthogonal test is about: 4% of starch glue, 6% of metakaolin, 80% of calcium carbonate, 9.7% of French chalk, 0.1% of chitosan and 0.2% of mildew preventive. The interior wall coating is environmental benign material in building industry.
Electrochemical Deposition of Carambolalike Ytterbium Hexacyanoferrate(II) and its Application in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Feng Liang Dong , Chen Bo Qing , Gu Ya Xin , Cheng Xiao Chun , Wu Jie , Du Wei Gang , Li Deng Hao
Published: May 2011

A facile electrochemical approach was developed for controllable synthesis of ytterbium hexacyanoferrate(II) (YbHCF(II)) carambolalike microparticles. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, EDS and SEM techniques. The composition of YbHCF(II) sample could be assigned to be KYb[Fe(CN)6]∙xH2O. By controlling the synthetic conditions, such as applied potential and deposition time, the size and surface morphology of the synthesized materials could be well controlled. The modified Au electrode by YbHCF(II) carambolalike microparticles possesses prominent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide.
Influence of Sm3+ and Gd3+ Co-Doping on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2
Authors: Lu Xu Dong , Jiang Cheng Zhi
Published: May 2011

Pure TiO2, Sm3+ and Gd3+ co-doping TiO2 have been prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by the techniques such as XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate Pure TiO2, Sm3+ and Gd3+ co-doping TiO2 photocatalytic activity. The matrix distortion of TiO2 increases after co-doping of Sm3+ and Gd3+ are clearly observed. The results show that co-doping of Sm3+ and Gd3+ inhibits the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile, decreases the diameter of TiO2 nano-particles and significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. When the co-doped amounts for Sm3+ and Gd3+ are 0.1% and 0.2%, its degradation rate reaches 99%.
Fabrication, Stress Relaxation Behavior and Bioactivity Evaluation of HA-316L Asymmetrical Functionally Gradient Biomaterial
Authors: Zou Jian Peng
Published: May 2011

HA/316L powder asymmetrical functionally gradient biomaterial (FGM) with varying 316L content at 100vol%, 80vol%, 60vol%, 40vol%, 20vol%, 0vol% throughout the thickness of the samples was successfully fabricated by hot pressing(HP) technique. The stress relaxation behavior indicates that gradient structure of the asymmetrical HA/316L FGM has prominent relaxation effect of thermal residual stress. The largest stress in the FGM is 246.13 MPa, which is belonging to tensile stress and at 316L-80vol%HA/ 316L interface. The surfaces of HA/316L FGM are covered with a layer of bone-like apatite after soaking in dynamic SBF, and the apatite increases with the increase of HA content. It reveals that HA/316L FGM with good bioactivity can be obtained with reasonable component design of gradient layers.
Study on Hydrogen Generation from Al−Li/NaBH4 Mixture in Pure Water for Portable Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Shu , Bao Han Bo , Fan Mei , Chen Da , Shu Kang Ying
Published: May 2011

Solid-state Al−Li/NaBH4 mixtures with salts have been fabricated for hydrogen evolution through a milling process, providing uniform dispersion of metals Al, Li and salts among pulverized NaBH4 particles, in order to increase the contacts of NaBH4 with active catalytic sites. The results show that the mixture has good hydrolysis properties, especially that Al−Li−CoCl2/NaBH4 mixture has hydrogen yield of 1482 mL g-1 in 40−minute hydrolysis in pure water, with 100% conversion efficiency. The catalytic effect comes from Al(OH)3 and Ni2B or Co2B, which were fabricated in the hydrolysis process.
Study on the Mechanical Property of Cu-Filled Isotropically Conductive Adhesive/SiO2 Composites
Authors: Zhong Jian Hua , Li Zhi Hong , Ou Yang Ling Yu
Published: May 2011

Cu-filled isotropically conductive adhesive/SiO2 composites were prepared by direct-blending modified SiO2 into Cu-filled ICAs. The effects of different contents of SiO2 on the mechanical property were sdudied in this paper. The infrared spectra of the cured product between epoxy resin and imidazole was obtained with FT-IR. The surface morphology of the composite and its fractured surface after tensil test were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). In addition, energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) was applied to analyze the distribution of Si in the adhesive layer. Experimental results showed that a small amount of SiO2 powders could evenly distribute in the Cu-filled ICAs, and as a reslut the mechanical property of Cu-filled ICA/SiO2 increased dramatically with the addition of SiO2. The best shear strength of the composite could reach up to 16.1MPa and 36.4% higher than the ICAs without addition SiO2 when the content of SiO2 was 3%.
Ablation Properties of C/C-ZrC-SiC Composites by the Precursor Infiltration Pyrolysis
Authors: Gao Meng Jiao , Chen Lai , Hua Yong Sheng , Zhang Jia Bao , Pan Jian Feng , Zhou Chun Jie , Ren Mu Su , Sun Jin Liang
Published: May 2011

The ablation properties of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis processes were studied by the H2-O2 ablation method. The results indicate that the ablation rate of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites decreases with increasing density of the composites. The linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate of the C/C-ZrC-SiC composites (ρ=1.69g·cm-3) were 0.00211mm·s-1 and 0.5179mg·s-1, only 20.6% and 31.6% of those of C/C composites (ρ=1.78g·cm-3) respectively. The introduction of ZrC-SiC into the matrix greatly enhanced the anti-oxidative and ablation property of the C/C composite. The ablation mechanisms of the C/C-ZrC-SiC composites were supposed to be the synergistic effects of thermo-chemistry ablation (oxidation and sublimation) and mechanical erosion.
Bulk-Quantity Synthesis of Ultralong SnO2 Nanowires and their Application to a Backgated Triode Emission Device
Authors: Ma Li An , Lin Jin Yang , Hu Li Qin , Ye Yun , Guo Tai Liang
Published: May 2011

A high yield of ultralong SnO2 nanowires is successfully achieved by a simple thermal evaporation of SnO powders under air ambient. The as-synthesized SnO2 nanobelts are single crystals with rutile structure. A backgated triode device for high-current applications has been developed with beltlike SnO2 field emitters. The devices have confirmed triode operation with low turn-on gate voltage (about 170 V) and stable electron emission with brightness of 30 cd/m2.
Effect of Different Coiling Temperature on Mechanical Properties in Hot Rolled TRIP Steel
Authors: Gao Xu Tao , Zhao Ai Min , Zhao Zheng Zhi , Zhang Ming Ming , Tang Di
Published: May 2011

By means of optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),And tensile test, Mechanical Properties of hot rolled transformation -induced plasticity (TRIP) steels which were prepared through three different coiling temperature was investigated. Result reveals that the formability index of the experimental steel descends when the coiling temperature becomes low. Different coiling temperature has greater impact on retained austenite. Amount and carbon content of retained austenite in the experimental steel get less with lower coiling temperature.
Immobilization of Strontium Waste into Synroc by the Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Rui Zhu , Yang Jie , Li Yong , Yan Da Kao , Su Wan Shan , Guo Zhi Meng
Published: May 2011

This paper researched the fabrication of perovskite (CaTiO3) synroc by combustion synthesis (CS) and the characterization of the products. This synthesis process is simpler, the fabricated synroc can immobilize waste loading up to wt( 36%) SrO with satisfied physical properties (density>4.2 g•cm-3, open porosity<0.2%). The microstructure analyses by XRD and SEM/TEM show that the major phase is perovskite which well agrees with the design. It proves that CS offer a suitable Sr-waste into perovskite (CaTiO3) synroc which is favorable for geological disposal.