bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It isn’t over
Authors: Packer George
Published: March 2009

Most Americans think the war in Iraq is over, or should be over, or will be over very soon. Whether we won or lost is
less certain and has already become the subject of a debate that will grow more intense over the next few years. One
side of this debate is setting up the new president to bear the full blame just in case things should unravel under his
administration—a pre-emptive “Who lost Iraq?” war. According to Charles Krauthammer, President Obama “will be
loath to jeopardize the remarkable turnaround in American fortunes in Iraq. Obama opposed the war. But the war is all
but over. What remains is an Iraq turned from aggressive, hostile power in the heart of the Middle East to an emerging
democracy openly allied with the United States. No president would want to be responsible for undoing that success.”
In other words, Iraq is looking so good that Obama can only screw it up.
Orhan Pamuk and modernist liberalism
Authors: Berman Marshall
Published: March 2009

"Is there is a global culture today? I think there is. Its images come from movies, old and new, and from television; its sounds are rock-and-roll, rap, and heavy traffic on the street. But only the novel has the Faustian chutzpah to try to connect all the dots, to put this immense world together. Orhan Pamuk, one of the world’s great novelists, lives and works within shouting distance of Dissent. The least we can do is shout to our readers that he’s here. I don’t know him, but it’s a thrill to know he’s nearby. He spends half the year in New York, where he teaches comparative literature at Columbia, the other half in his hometown Istanbul, where he speaks truth and gets in trouble."
Editor’s Page
Authors: Walzer Michael
Published: March 2009

The slow pace of argument in quarterly magazines, the lag between the latest political news and our commentary on it, is sometimes a disadvantage, but not always. This spring it protects us against the sin of early disillusionment. President Barack Obama had barely gone to work when liberals and leftists around the country began expressing their disappointment with his policy proposals and appointees. He is indeed a centrist Democrat, but after eight years of rule from the far right, the center looks like—in fact, it is—an opening to the left. And we are still buoyant about this opening. Given our lead time, it may be that our writers don’t know the bad news. But I think that buoyancy is the politically correct position. It is a time for radical arguments about democracy and equality, and it doesn’t matter that radicalism isn’t (yet) the ruling ideology; it doesn’t matter that we will lose some political battles (but not the way we lost them in the years after 2000). We have a chance to make noise and to be heard. The articles in this issue about unionization, reforming NAFTA, universal health care, and the future of the auto industry are a beginning; there is more to come in the Summer issue.
The damnation of Dr. Atomic
Authors: Cohen Mitchell
Published: March 2009

Can an anti-war opera be reactionary? This question crossed my mind as I watched the recent production of John Adams’s Doctor
Atomic at New York’s Metropolitan Opera. “Reactionary” usually means backward-looking or backward—doing, but it implies more—a response to ideas or actions or an epoch
or a combination of these. Think of how conservatives exploited some reactions to the 1960s. Their capital grew by ascribing all woes
to that decade’s rebellions. They offered an alternative cosmology—the 1950s. Everything was well ordered in that decade. We had
Oklahoma!, not the Rolling Stones, in this reverie of resentment. Its purview left out, just for one example, what might happen to an
African American who sat in the front of a Birmingham bus. Came the 1960s, conservatives—some liberals too—damned “pot
smoking draft-dodgers” rather than those who sent soldiers to southeast Asia. Came 1980 and a movie star of yesteryear led a
“conservative revolution.”
Obama’s Mexican challenge
Authors: Faux Jeff
Published: March 2009

When Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton pledged to Ohio Democrats last spring to renegotiate the North American
Free Trade Agreement, they were immediately charged by the mainstream press with pandering to labor, thus reigniting
the simplistic “free-trade vs. protectionism” debate that has dominated the discussion of the U.S. role in the
international economy for the last quarter-century. It was clearly an over reaction. After all, both candidates merely
suggested strengthening the agreement’s labor and environmental protections, which even fierce champions of
NAFTA now concede are inadequate. Changing them would have little effect on the rest of the agreement.
Good-as-money
Authors: Rule Alix
Published: March 2009

Early in 2008 – before the economy started acting up—the New York Times published a special issue of its Sunday
magazine—the Money Issue, though it might equally well have been called the "Good" Issue. Its cover package
touted various strategies for transforming money into social good—and in some serendipitous cases, back into
money! The pièce de résistance was an article by Jon Gertner—"For Good Measure"—surveying contemporary
practices of philanthropic foundations.
Motown blues: What Next for Detroit?
Authors: Shaiken Harley
Published: March 2009

For much of the twentieth century, Detroit was proudly known as the Motor City. Today, a drive up Woodward Avenue,
its once bustling central thoroughfare, takes you past abandoned buildings and debris-strewn lots. Landmarks of
Detroit’s storied history, however, are still in evidence despite the devastation. About five miles north of the Detroit
River are the remains of the Ford Highland Park plant. At this site in 1913, Henry Ford mated the Model T and the
moving assembly line to put the world on wheels. A faded historical marker reminds us that “mass production soon
moved from here to all phases of American industry and set the pattern of abundance for twentieth-century living.”
Civil rights and political space
Authors: Stein Judith
Published: March 2009

Sweet Land of Liberty is a survey of the northern civil rights movement. Thomas Sugrue, a history professor at the University of Pennsylvania, has read a rich, secondary literature and added much research of his own. His definition of civil rights is broad, as is appropriate. He begins in the wake of the Great Migration of World War I, when significant numbers of southern blacks migrated to northern cities and ends in the present. If not the “forgotten struggle” that he advertises, it is the fullest one-volume history we have of northern civil rights activity. He arranges the narrative chronologically, although this organization is cloaked by expressive chapter titles that suggest mood more than subject or time—“God Have Pity on Such a City,” “Unconditional War.” Sugrue tells many fascinating stories of challenges to racial barriers in housing, public accommodations, employment, and schools. But the book lacks a structure that can sustain 543 pages of text.
The German Left and Israel
Authors: Zwarg Robert
Published: March 2009

Writing about the German Left and Israel—the debates on anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism of the last several
years—often feels like a race against history. Not a day goes by without another piece being added to this complex
and troublesome mosaic. No topic has stirred up so much debate and emotion and created so great a rift inside the
German Left as Israel. These discussions, one could say, precipitated the erosion of anti-imperialism as a hegemonic
framework for leftist thought.
L’ Orestie sur la scène contemporaine (France-Allemagne): jalons pour un comparatisme
Authors: Lechevalier Claire
Published: March 2009

Fondée sur l’analyse de trois mises en scène récentes de l’ Orestie d’Eschyle (Peter Stein, Ariane Mnouchkine, Olivier Py), cette étude comparée de la réception du théâtre antique en France et en Allemagne analyse les choix textuels et dramaturgiques effectués par chacun des trois metteurs en scène. Sans méconnaître la part des personnalités, on peut éclairer ces choix au regard des histoires nationales et des traditions culturelles spécifiques dans lesquelles s’inscrivent ces trois confrontations contemporaines à la tragédie grecque.
Introduction
Authors: Hermetet Anne-Rachel , Salado Régis
Published: March 2009

L’étude des revues littéraires et de leur rôle dans la diffusion des littératures étrangères offre des possibilités de recherche particulièrement fécondes pour l’analyse des modalités du transfert culturel et du discours qui l’accompagne. En s’appuyant sur des travaux antérieurs portant sur des revues françaises, anglaises et italiennes, l’article revient sur les questions que soulève la constitution d’un corpus international de revues et formule des propositions méthodologiques pour son exploitation.
La Théorie de la lecture et l’expérience du lecteur
Authors: Piégay-Gros Nathalie
Published: March 2009

Qu’elles soient d’inspiration phénoménologique ou fondées sur des approches historiques ou sociologiques, les théories de la lecture n’épuisent pas l’expérience du sujet lisant. Par le recours aux textes d’écrivains rapportant des expériences de lecture (dans des textes fictionnels aussi bien que dans des écrits autobiographiques), un autre accès nous est ouvert à cette activité éminemment subjective où la mémoire, le corps et l’imagination sont engagés.
Reception Studies in France: Social Contexts, Reader Interpretation, and the Role of Julia Kristeva
Authors: Venkatesan Priya
Published: March 2009

Mis en perspective à partir de travaux anglo-saxons consacrés à la place des études de réception dans le champ de la théorie littéraire, les développements de ces études en France apparaissent caractérisés par une prise en compte importante des contextes sociaux. Pour rendre compte de cet infléchissement français de l’esthétique de la réception, l’article avance l’hypothèse du rôle central, bien que non explicitement reconnu, joué par les travaux de Julia Kristeva et en particulier par La Révolution du langage poétique (1974).
Réception à la puissance X: orthonymie et polysémie dans les études de traduction
Authors: Weinmann Frédéric
Published: March 2009

À partir du couple notionnel “orthonymie”/“polysémie,” et en analysant des exemples significatifs –Milan Kundera commentateur de ses traductions françaises et de celles de Kafka, Henri Meschonnic critique des traductions de la Bible et traducteur lui-même – l’étude questionne certaines des difficultés, liées aux conceptions différentes du “sens,” qui traversent la pratique et la théorie de la traduction.
Christian Asceticism and Barbarian Incursion: The Making of a Christian Catastrophe
Authors: Rebenich Stefan
Published: March 2009

Jerome integrated the barbarian attacks of 407 into a powerful narrative. His story of a “Thirty Years’ War” began with the crossing of the Danube in 376 and resulted in a single catastrophe: the fall of the western empire. In his writings, he gave meaning to the experience of war. His perception was determined by Christian eschatology, orthodoxy, and asceticism. Using traditional motifs and ascetic discourses, Jerome enforced Christian virtues and developed an interpretation that was able to establish social and religious consensus in a time of crisis and help to guarantee the social cohesion of Christian elite networks.
Poetic Creativity and Political Crisis in Early Fifth-Century Gaul
Authors: McLynn Neil B.
Published: March 2009

This study re-examines three poems produced in early fifth-century Gaul, Epigramma Paulini, Ad uxorem , and Carmen de providentia dei , in order to address two principal questions: the extent to which the authors, as Gallic Christians who lived through the events immediately following the breach of the Rhine frontier in 407, were able themselves to impose coherence upon these events, and which features they chose to emphasize most strongly in their literary responses to them. The conclusions, although largely negative, suggest a significant modification to existing interpretations of these works. The poems are more creative, and less concerned with the struggle against the invading barbarians, than has been recognized.
407 and All That: Retrospective
Authors: Ward-Perkins Bryan
Published: March 2009

This short article examines the four preceding pieces, placing each in its own very particular historiographical and cultural context: Peter Heather’s “forensic” analysis, written to explain what really happened in 407; Mark Vessey’s elegant example of the “literary turn” and the world of cultural studies; Stefan Rebenich’s mining of an important historical source, done with all the care and integrity of the Germanic tradition; and Neil McLynn’s sharp exercise in source analysis, reminding more casual historians of the responsibilities that go with the use of texts.
Interpreting Catastrophe: Disasters in the Works of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, Socrates Scholasticus, Philostorgius, and Timothy Aelurus
Authors: Watts Edward
Published: March 2009

This study examines four different fifth- and early sixth-century Christian authors (Pseudo-Joshua, Socrates Scholasticus, Philostorgius, and Timothy Aelurus). It then analyzes the biblically derived interpretative structures that each uses to explain fifth-century political catastrophes such as the decline of western Roman political power. All of these authors incorporated a Christian explanation of disasters into a rhetorical strategy designed to advocate certain behaviors. Not all authors expected this rhetoric to influence behavior, but some, such as Pseudo-Joshua and Timothy Aelurus, believed that it could convince people to act in particular ways. The study concludes by arguing that, whereas late antique religious explanations of catastrophe often serve as a literary trope, they need not always be dismissed as empty or ineffectual rhetoric.
Rewriting Julian’s Legacy: John Chrysostom’s On Babylas and Libanius’ Oration 24
Authors: Shepardson Christine
Published: March 2009

Libanius’ Oration 24 and John Chrysostom’s On Babylas represent contemporaneous and competing efforts to reshape narrations of the emperor Julian and thus influence local and imperial politics fifteen years after his death. Following the emperor Valens’ death at the battle of Adrianople in 378, which echoed Julian’s death in battle in 363, Libanius and Chrysostom revived the memory of Julian in order to address the strength of the gods and define ideal imperial behavior as Theodosius I came to power. Reading these two texts in light of each other highlights the renewed importance that Julian’s legacy carried immediately following Valens’ death, and the late fourth-century implications of that legacy for Antiochene and imperial politics.
407 and All That: Insular Late Roman Historiography and the Literary-Historical Turn
Authors: Vessey Mark
Published: March 2009

1492, 1789, 1919. There are dates so heavy with their sequels, they swallow the events that gave them meaning, and speak by themselves for whole histories. This quality of date-as-synecdoche was memorably exploited in the classic spoof-history 1066 and All That , with resonances of empires lost that can still be heard faintly but distinctly echoing in contemporary British histories of the Fall of Rome. The deixis of “and all that,” however, is not only historiological. As a totalizing figure of inference and allusion, it also gestures toward the kind of testimony that has counted in the past as fictional, merely figurative and literary. This study evokes the unmemorably big date of 407 (?) CE in order to posit a common antecedent for the respective “and all thats” of insular terminal-Roman historiography and of what has been called literature. The antecedent would be the late (not to say prematurely post-) Roman history-cum-fiction of Jerome’s Chronici canones (or Chronicle ).
The Limits of Knowledge: Scholasticism and Scepticism in The Book of the Courtier
Authors: Kolsky Stephen
Published: March 2009

Castiglione's Courtier has often been considered a series of conversations based on classical imitation, especially of Cicero. However the writer carefully stages a scholastic-style debate on women in Book III in order to demonstrate the limitations and lack of relevance of such a genre for court society. He purposely omits the inclusion of the Master who should have pronounced the correct solution to the problem. This opens the way to an interpretation of the Courtier as a sceptical investigation of fundamental aspects of the court seen from the perspective of Cicero's Academica . Castiglione does not take an extreme sceptical position but one that is concerned with probable answers.
Medievalism and Convergence Culture: Researching the Middle Ages for Fiction and Film
Authors: Trigg Stephanie
Published: March 2009

In contemporary global culture, the flow of information and knowledge about the medieval period facilitates the work of film-makers and novelists. Contemporary medievalism can be read as a kind of convergence culture, bringing together academic, creative, and popular modes of thinking about medieval culture. Analysis of the research behind Bryce Courtenay's novel Sylvia , and Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale , shows how contemporary medievalist fictions draw freely on a range of medieval sources while ultimately privileging their own artistic decisions and imperatives. The increasingly blurred distinction between 'medieval' and 'medievalist' is an example of contemporary convergence culture.
A Large-Scale Triaxial Apparatus for Prototype Railroad Ballast Testing
Authors: Sevi Adam F. , Ge Louis , Take W. Andy
Published: April 2009

Shear strength and compressibility of large grain-size materials are critical parameters for the geotechnical design of road bases, rock fill embankments, and railroad sub-base. However, due to the correspondingly large scale of triaxial specimens necessary for rock-fill and railroad ballast material testing, the numbers of facilities that are capable of testing these materials are few. In this paper, a cost effective design is documented for a triaxial apparatus capable of testing prototype railroad ballast material containing particle sizes up to 63.5 mm (2.5 in.). Unique to this testing apparatus is the use of vacuum as confinement to allow an unobstructed digital image measurement of specimen volume change during testing. The specimen preparation methodology, manufacture of latex membrane, and instrumentation are also discussed. Finally, the results of a cyclical triaxial test are presented to demonstrate the quality of the testing data from this triaxial apparatus.
Habilidade de indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal em identificar a resistência à insulina
Authors: Vasques Ana Carolina Junqueira , Rosado Lina Enriqueta Frandsen Paez de Lima , Rosado Gilberto Paixão , Ribeiro Rita de Cassia Lanes , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Geloneze Bruno , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Oliveira Dirce Ribeiro de
Published: April 2009

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a habilidade de indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal em identificar a resistência à insulina (RI), determinando-se os pontos de corte para os que apresentarem melhor eficácia. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 138 homens. Determinou-se: perímetro da cintura (PC), diâmetro abdominal sagital (DAS), índice de conicidade (IC), índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), índice sagital (IS) e relações cintura-estatura (RCE), cintura-quadril (RCQ) e cintura-coxa (RCCoxa). A RI foi avaliada pelo HOMA-IR. Utilizou-se análise de correlação e análise ROC, com determinação das áreas abaixo da curva (AUC). RESULTADOS: O DAS (r = 0,482; AUC = 0,746) e o PC (r = 0,464; AUC = 0,739) apresentaram correlações mais fortes com o HOMA-IR e maior poder discriminante para RI (p < 0,001), sendo seus melhores pontos de corte 89,3 cm e 20,0 cm, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os indicadores de obesidade central, o PC e o DAS demonstraram maior habilidade em identificar RI em homens. Encoraja-se a realização de estudos com mulheres e idosos na busca dos melhores pontos de corte para toda a população.
Características epidemiológicas de pacientes diabéticos da rede pública de saúde: análise a partir do sistema HiperDia
Authors: Ferreira Celma Lúcia Rocha Alves , Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves
Published: April 2009

OBJETIVOS: Descrever características epidemiológicas de pacientes diabéticos atendidos na rede pública, cadastrados no Sistema HiperDia, entre 2002 e 2006, e estimar a cobertura deste sistema no município. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com dados secundários de 7.938 diabéticos, residentes em Cuiabá, MT. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. RESULTADOS: A cobertura do HiperDia foi de 58,8%. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou diagnóstico de diabetes melito tipo 2. Mais de 80% dos pacientes eram hipertensos. Observou-se maior proporção de mulheres, de indivíduos nascidos no estado, com baixa escolaridade e idade >40 anos. Os principais fatores de risco cardiovascular identificados foram: sobrepeso, sedentarismo e antecedentes familiares cardiovasculares. O infarto do miocárdio foi a complicação mais freqüentemente observada. CONCLUSÂO: Os pacientes diabéticos quando cadastrados no HiperDia apresentavam sinais de estágio avançado da doença. Características sociodemográficas e clínicas detectadas nesses pacientes podem subsidiar ações de prevenção e manejo adequado do diabetes na atenção básica.
Efeito residual de flumioxazin sobre a emergência de plantas daninhas em solos de texturas distintas
Authors: Jaremtchuk C.C. , Constantin J. , Oliveira Júnior R.S. , Alonso D.G. , Arantes J.G.Z. , Biffe D.F. , Roso A.C. , Cavalieri S.D.
Published: April 2009

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual de flumioxazin sobre a emergência de plantas daninhas em solos de texturas distintas, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de quatro épocas de aplicação: 14, 10, 7 e 0 dias antes da semeadura das espécies de plantas daninhas, com duas doses de flumioxazin (25 e 40 g ha-1) e uma testemunha sem aplicação para cada planta daninha em solos de texturas distintas. O efeito residual do herbicida flumioxazin foi avaliado por meio da contagem do número de plantas emersas de cada espécie aos 35 dias depois da semeadura (DDS). O controle do fluxo inicial de emergência de plantas daninhas variou em função do tipo de solo, do período de tempo entre a aplicação e a semeadura das espécies e também da dose. A. tenella, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. tortuosum, E. heterophylla, N. physaloides e S. latifolia foram as espécies mais sensíveis à aplicação de flumioxazin (25 e 40 g ha-1).
Teorizando o mundo contemporâneo: Robert Brenner; Giovanni Arrighi; David Harvey
Authors: Postone Moishe
Published: April 2009

O artigo busca apreender as profundas transformações sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais que marcaram as três últimas décadas, em contraste com o período de prosperidade subseqüente à Segunda Guerra Mundial. Para tanto, o autor analisa criticamente três obras específicas que abordam o período: "The economics of global turbulence", de Robert Brenner, O longo século XX, de Giovanni Arrighi, e A condição pós-moderna, de David Harvey. O procedimento metateórico adotado permite apontar os requisitos de uma teoria crítica adequada ao capitalismo contemporâneo.
Avaliação de reprodutibilidade e validade de um questionário de freqüência alimentar em adultos residentes em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Zanolla Anelise Fernanda , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo , Henn Ruth Liane , Wahrlich Vivian , Anjos Luiz Antonio dos
Published: April 2009

O estudo avaliou a reprodutibilidade e a validade relativa de um questionário de freqüência alimentar (QFA) em 83 indivíduos adultos, do Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação Intraclasse (ICC), classificação em quartos de ingestão pelo QFA e IR24h e índice Kappa ponderado. Os nutrientes foram log transformados e corrigidos para calorias. A atenuação nas correlações foi corrigida pela variabilidade intrapessoal. Para a reprodutibilidade, os valores das correlações variaram de 0,44 (IC95%: -0,19-0,76) a 0,83 (IC95%: 0,72-0,90) para carboidrato e vitamina C, respectivamente. No estudo de validade, os coeficientes deatenuados variaram de 0,23 (IC95%: -0,22-0,61) a 0,86 (IC95%: 0,21-1,16) para a vitamina A e lipídeos, no QFA1, e de 0,50 (IC95%: -016-0,91) a 0,95 (IC95%: 0,79-1,05) para vitamina A e energia, no QFA2. O índice Kappa ponderado apresentou valor mais baixo para o cálcio (0,10; IC95%: 0,00-0,26) e valores mais altos para vitamina C no QFA1 (0,38; IC95%: 0,23-0,53) e energia no QFA2 (0,38; IC95%: 0,24-0,52). Os resultados indicam reprodutibilidade satisfatória para todos os nutrientes, com exceção do carboidrato, e validade relativa razoável, especialmente para os macronutrientes e vitamina C.
Detecção de peptídeos importantes para o diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina no immunoblot
Authors: Girotto Aline , Pinto Paulo Sérgio de Arruda , Dias Júlio César de Oliveira , Chaves Leandro Siqueira , Ferreira Hanna Carolina Campos
Published: April 2009

A dificuldade de se localizar cisticercos em bovinos com infecção discreta torna o diagnóstico tradicional da cisticercose bovina em matadouros um recurso de baixa sensibilidade, o que gera uma demanda de diagnóstico por métodos alternativos como o immunoblot. Para tanto, neste trabalho, foram realizados ensaios de immunoblot a fim de analisar os peptídeos responsáveis pela reação do antígeno vesicular de Taenia crassiceps. Foram utilizadas 28 amostras de soro de bovinos comprovadamente negativos e 28 amostras coletadas de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com ovos de Taenia saginata. Os resultados dos ensaios de immunoblot com as amostras de soros-controle mencionadas indicaram que os peptídeos de 4-6, 14 e 18kDa destacaram-se entre os demais, mostrando altas taxas de desempenho no diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina e uma aparência diferenciada, com área e largura maiores, ao contrário dos peptídeos de média e alta massa molecular, que se apresentaram sob a forma de linha e com reações inespecíficas. O immunoblot mostrou ter um potencial como uma alternativa de diagnóstico da cisticercose bovina, incluindo sua aplicação em animais vivos, como método auxiliar de diagnóstico em estudos epidemiológicos da doença.
Conhecimento, inovação e competência em organizações financeiras: uma análise sob o ponto de vista de gestores de bancos
Authors: Pires Marcel Ginotti , Marcondes Reynaldo Cavalheiro
Published: April 2009

Este artigo trata o conhecimento, a inovação e as competências essenciais como elementos fundamentais para se buscar a melhoria da competitividade no setor bancário. Está apoiado em pesquisa exploratória qualitativa em que foram entrevistados sete executivos da cúpula de diferentes grandes bancos que operam no país. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade e os dados foram tratados com técnicas da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados mostram o seguinte: o conhecimento não é objeto de gestão e a ênfase é dada à manipulação de dados sobre os clientes, sem se considerarem as oportunidades efetivas de aprendizado; a inovação não se configura como essencial para a sobrevivência dos bancos estudados, pois não é vista como vantagem competitiva sustentável, devido a que as práticas de imitação são corriqueiras; as competências essenciais são um conceito claro para os executivos entrevistados, mas eles não têm clareza quanto a como conectá-las com as competências individuais, além do que são favoráveis mais à sua aquisição externa do que ao desenvolvimento delas internamente.
Natural vertical transmission by Stegomyia albopicta as dengue vector in Brazil
Authors: Cecílio AB. , Campanelli ES. , Souza KPR. , Figueiredo LB. , Resende MC.
Published: April 2009

The mosquito Stegomyia albopicta is among the most important arbovirus vectors in the world, particularly for Dengue viruses. Their natural history suggests that biologically these viruses are highly adapted to their mosquito hosts and they were most likely mosquito viruses prior to becoming adapted to lower primates and humans. As well as being maintained by transmission among susceptible humans, Dengue viruses may also be maintained by vertical transmission in mosquitoes during inter-epidemic periods. The larvae and mosquitoes of Stegomyia albopicta were used to identify the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in nature and to confirm the vectorial capacity concerning the Dengue virus type 2 infection. The minimum infection rate concerning S. albopicta infection with the Dengue virus was 1:36.45. In Brazil this was the first time that high minimum infection rates of vertical transmission of S. albopicta were detected in this species.
Natural diet of the spiny lobster, Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae), from São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil
Authors: Góes CA. , Lins-Oliveira JE.
Published: April 2009

The natural diet of the spiny lobster (Panulirus echinatus) from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago was determined by stomach contents analysis of sixty-eight adult lobsters collected during October 2002, March, July and August 2003. Food items were grouped by gross taxa representing 11 food categories. Analysis included a qualitative (Frequency of Occurrence of item i - FOi) and a quantitative method (Volume of item i - Vi). A Feed Index (FI = FOi x Vi / 100) proposed by Lauzanne (1975) was also used to indicate the importance of each food category (>50: dominant, 25-50: essential, 10-25: unimportant, <10: secondary). The most important food category determined by % FOi and % Vi, was fish, followed by crustaceans, green algae, calcareous algae, and rocks. The remaining food categories contributed to less than 30% of FOi and 10% of Vi. Although the Feed Index revealed no dominant food category in the diet of P. echinatus, fish was considered essential, crustaceans unimportant, and the remaining food categories were classified as secondary. According to the analysis, P. echinatus can be properly classified as an omnivorous and a generalist species, because it consumes a great diversity of organisms in several trophic levels. This species presents an opportunistic behaviour, feeding on the prey available at substratum. Future studies should address variations in natural diet related to sex, reproductive cycle, and seasonality.
Degradation of pCBA by catalytic ozonation in natural water
Authors: Azrague K. , Osterhus S. W. , Biomorgi J. G.
Published: April 2009

The catalytic effect of commercially available ceramic Raschig rings versus stainless steel rings (known to be oxidant resistant) at different water qualities, for the decomposition of ozone and the hydroxyl radical formation have been investigated by using an ozone bubble column. Para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) has been used as a model pollutant since it has been reported to be an ideal compound for ozone AOP studies because it displays slow reaction rates with ozone, but rapid oxidation kinetics with the OH radical. While the ozone was quite stable when the stainless steel rings were used as a packing media, the ceramic media enhanced the decomposition of the ozone. Nevertheless, the water quality was found to significantly affect the ozone stability. Indeed, in addition to high pH, both NOM and TIC lowered the ozone concentration in the system. When considering the degradation of pCBA, the ceramic packing rings, as high pH and NOM, increases its rate constant which is correlated to the higher decomposition of ozone and consequently to higher formation of hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, TIC decreased the degradation rate of pCBA even if it decomposes the ozone which is due to its scavenging effect.
Incorporation of oxygen contribution by plant roots into classical dissolved oxygen deficit model for a subsurface flow treatment wetland
Authors: Bezbaruah Achintya N. , Zhang Tian C.
Published: April 2009

It has been long established that plants play major roles in a treatment wetland. However, the role of plants has not been incorporated into wetland models. This study tries to incorporate wetland plants into a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) model so that the relative contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic processes to meeting BOD can be quantitatively determined. The classical dissolved oxygen (DO) deficit model has been modified to simulate the DO curve for a field subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) treating municipal wastewater. Sensitivities of model parameters have been analyzed. Based on the model it is predicted that in the SFCW under study about 64% BOD are degraded through aerobic routes and 36% is degraded anaerobically. While not exhaustive, this preliminary work should serve as a pointer for further research in wetland model development and to determine the values of some of the parameters used in the modified DO deficit and associated BOD model. It should be noted that nitrogen cycle and effects of temperature have not been addressed in these models for simplicity of model formulation. This paper should be read with this caveat in mind.
Now Is the Right Time to Regulate Bankers' Pay
Authors: Thanassoulis John
Published: April 2009

John Thanassoulis of Oxford argues that the level of bankers' pay is a result of market failure, and pay caps are not the politics of envy.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF LEADERSHIP, TEAM TRUST AND TEAM PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON OF THE SERVICE AND MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Authors: Shen Ming-Jian , Chen Ming-Chia
Published: April 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the relationships and variations among leadership, team trust and team performance in the service and manufacturing industries. The results of using structural equation modeling to conduct hypotheses testing show that leadership
has a positive effect on team trust and team performance, and that team trust also has a positive effect on team performance. By using MANOVA analysis to test for significant variances in leadership, team trust and team performance in the service and manufacturing industries, a significant
variance was discovered in the testing of instructed leadership, relational trust and institutional trust in both industries.
THE EXPOSURE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO BULLYING: AN ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS VARIABLES
Authors: Cemaloglu Necati
Published: April 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze the variables involved in the bullying experiences of primary school teachers who attended in-service courses at the Aksaray and Esenköy training centers in Turkey. There were 315 participants in the study. A Turkish adaptation of the Negative
Acts Questionnaire Scale (NAQ) developed by Einarsen and Raknes (1997) was used. Cronbach's alpha = .97, factor loads were determined to be between .42 and .82. Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, chi-square and variance analysis were also measured. The results were tested at p
< .05 level. The research showed that 50% of the Turkish primary school teachers had experienced bullying. There was a significant relationship between the incidence of bullying and the branch of teaching. However, there was no relationship between bullying experiences and the variables
of sex, age and marital status.
CONCLUSION EXPLICITNESS IN MESSAGE COMMUNICATION: THE ROLES OF NFC AND KNOWLEDGE IN ATTITUDE FORMATION
Authors: Kao Danny T.
Published: April 2009

The impact of need for cognition (NFC) and knowledge on the relationship between conclusion explicitness and attitude formation was examined in this study. A total of 360 undergraduate students participated in the experiment. Results showed that while high-NFC individuals engender more
favorable attitudes toward the implicitly concluded message than the explicitly concluded message, low-NFC individuals engender more favorable attitudes toward the explicitly concluded message than the implicitly concluded message. In addition, low-knowledge individuals engender more favorable
attitudes toward the implicitly concluded message than the explicitly concluded message; however, conclusion explicitness does not affect the attitudes of high-knowledge individuals. Furthermore, conclusion explicitness does not affect the attitudes of high-NFC individuals with high knowledge
toward the incoming message. Contrarily, low-NFC individuals with low knowledge engender more favorable attitudes toward the explicitly concluded message than the implicitly concluded message.
PROMOTIONAL FRAMES AND CONSUMER DECISION MAKING: IT'S WHAT YOU OFER AND HOW YOU OFER IT
Authors: Rucker Margaret , Du Shih-Lei
Published: April 2009

Consumer research suggests product purchases are influenced by whether a product is seen as hedonic or utilitarian and whether the consumer is given several choices or just one. For example, Okada (2005) found people prefer hedonic alternatives when choices are presented singly, but
choose utilitarian options in joint presentations. She theorized that this preference reversal is due to guilt over hedonic purchases.This study was designed to investigate choices in a sales promotion context. Forty-two university student volunteers were divided into five groups. Four
of the groups read a description of one of four 15 promotional offers (plain t-shirt, school t-shirt, designer t-shirt, 15 in cash) and the fifth saw all four offers; respondents were asked whether the offer(s) would prompt them to travel to a store 20 miles away to purchase a 100 pair of
jeans. They were also asked to rate the item(s) on a hedonic scale and a utilitarian scale.A comparison of promotions presented singly with promotions presented jointly did not support Okada's theory of preference reversal. In this study, the plain t-shirt (high utility/low hedonism)
elicited more positive responses when presented alone, χ2(1, N = 18) = 6.77, p < .01; the designer t-shirt (low utility/high hedonism) drew more positive responses when presented in a set, χ2(1, N =17) = 5.03, p < .05, suggesting a contrast effect
rather than a guilt effect.
FUZZY PARTIAL CREDIT SCALING: A VALID APPROACH FOR SCORING THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY
Authors: Yu Sen-Chi , Yu Min-Ning
Published: April 2009

In this study a new scaling method was proposed and validated, fuzzy partial credit scaling (FPCS), which combines fuzzy set theory (FST; Zadeh, 1965) with the partial credit model (PCM) for scoring the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). To achieve this,
the Chinese version of the BDI-II (C-BDI-II) was administered to a clinical sample of outpatients suffering depression, and also to a nonclinical sample. Detailed FPCS procedures were illustrated and the raw score and FPCS were compared in terms of reliability and validity. The Cronbach alpha
coefficient showed that the reliability of C-BDI-II was higher in FPCS than in raw score. Moreover, the analytical results showed that, via FPCS, the probability of correct classification of clinical and nonclinical was increased from 73.2% to 80.3%. That is, BDI scoring via
FPCS achieves more accurate depression predictions than does raw score. Via FPCS, erroneous judgments regarding depression can be eliminated and medical costs associated with depression can be reduced. This study empirically showed that FST can be applied to psychological research as well
as engineering. FST characterizes latent traits or human thinking more accurately than does crisp binary logic.
TREATING STRESS-RELATED PAIN IN A CLINICAL SAMPLE WITH FLOTATION-REST: A FURTHER REPORT ON IMPROVEMENTS IN PAIN ASSESSED BY THE PAIN AREA INVENTORY (PAI)
Authors: Landström Annika , Bood Sven Å. , kjellgren Anette , Norlander Torsten
Published: April 2009

Thirty-two patients (29 women and 3 men) with stress-related ailments were recruited through the Community Health Care Centre in the city of Lidköping, Sweden. The mean age was 47.75 years (SD = 8.30).
Inverse scattering method and soliton double solution family for string effective action
Authors: Gao Ya-Jun
Published: March 2009

A so-called modified Hauser-Ernst-type extended double-complex linear system is established and used to develop a new inverse scattering method for solving the equations of motion of the string effective action describing the coupled gravity, dilaton and Kalb-Ramond fields. The reduction procedures in this inverse scattering method are found to be fairly simple, which makes the application of the inverse scattering method fine and effective. As an application, a concrete family of soliton double solutions for the considered theory is obtained.
Two-gap superconductivity in the Fe-1111 superconductor LaFeAsO1âˆ’x
Fx: A point-contact Andreev-reflection study
Authors: Gonnelli Renato , Tortello Mauro , Daghero Dario , Ummarino Giovanni , Stepanov Valeri , Kim Jun
Published: March 2009

Point-contact Andreev-reflection (PCAR) experiments were performed in the Fe-1111 layered superconductor LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 with resistive T
con âˆ¼ 27 K. The observation of two pairs of peaks in the low-temperature Andreev-reflection spectra clearly indicates the presence of two order parameters. The behavior of the two gaps as a function of temperature, obtained by fitting the conductance curves by means of the generalized two-band Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model, shows some anomalies. A theoretical analysis performed within the two-band Eliashberg theory with a generic electron-boson coupling can reproduce the low-temperature value of the two gaps but generally fails in giving a satisfactory fit of their overall temperature dependence, indicating the rich and complex physics of these newly discovered superconductors.
Surface and interface properties of thin pentacene and parylene layers
Authors: Vincze Andrej , Jakabovič Ján , Srnánek Rudolf , Šatka Alexander , Kovac Jaroslav
Published: March 2009

To improve Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) properties we study OTFT semiconductor/dielectric interfacial properties via examination of the gate dielectric using thin Parylene C layer. Structural and morphology properties of pentacene layers deposited on parylene layer and SiO2/Si substrate structure were compared. The surface morphology was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AFM topography of pentacene layer in non-contact mode confirmed the preferable pentacene grain formation on parylene surface in dependence on layer thickness. The distribution of chemical species on the surfaces and composition depth profiles were measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and surface imaging. The depth profiles of the analyzed structures show a homogenous pentacene layer, characterized with C or C2 ions. Relatively sharp interface between pentacene and parylene layers was estimated by characteristic increased intensity of CCl ions peak. For revealing the pentacene phases in the structures the Micro-Raman spectroscopy was utilized. Conformal coatings of parylene and pentacene layers without pinholes resulted from the deposition process as was confirmed by SIMS surface imaging. For the pentacene layers thicker than 20 nm, both thin and bulk pentacene phases were detected by Micro-Raman spectroscopy, while for the pentacene layer thickness of 5 and 10 nm the preferable thin phase was detected. The complete characterisation of pentacene layers deposited on SiO2 and parylene surface revealed that the formation of large grains suggests 3D pentacene growth at parylene layer with small voids between grains and more than one monolayer step growth. The results will be utilized for optimization of the deposition process.
Evolutionary dynamics of imatinib-treated leukemic cells by stochastic approach
Authors: Pizzolato Nicola , Valenti Davide , Adorno Dominique , Spagnolo Bernardo
Published: March 2009

The evolutionary dynamics of a system of cancerous cells in a model of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is investigated by a statistical approach. Cancer progression is explored by applying a Monte Carlo method to simulate the stochastic behavior of cell reproduction and death in a population of blood cells which can experience genetic mutations. In CML front line therapy is represented by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib which strongly affects the reproduction of leukemic cells only. In this work, we analyze the effects of a targeted therapy on the evolutionary dynamics of normal, first-mutant and cancerous cell populations. Several scenarios of the evolutionary dynamics of imatinib-treated leukemic cells are described as a consequence of the efficacy of the different modelled therapies. We show how the patient response to the therapy changes when a high value of the mutation rate from healthy to cancerous cells is present. Our results are in agreement with clinical observations. Unfortunately, development of resistance to imatinib is observed in a fraction of patients, whose blood cells are characterized by an increasing number of genetic alterations. We find that the occurrence of resistance to the therapy can be related to a progressive increase of deleterious mutations.
On the topographic and optical properties of SiC/SiO2 surfaces
Authors: Jureckova Stanislav , Jureckova Maria , Chovanec Ferdinand , Kobayashi Hikaru , Takahashi Masao , Mikula Milan , Pina Emil
Published: March 2009

The roughness of the semiconductor surface substantially influences properties of the whole structure, especially when thin films are created. In our work 3C SiC, 4H SiC and Si/a-SiC:H/SiO2 structures treated by various oxidation a passivation procedures are studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Surface roughness properties are studied by fractal geometry methods. The complexity of the analysed surface is sensitive to the oxidation and passivation steps and the proposed fractal complexity measure values enable quantification of the fine surface changes. We also determined the optical properties of oxidized and passivated samples by using visual modelling and stochastic optimization.
Optical absorption in PECVD deposited thin hydrogenated silicon in light of ordering effects
Authors: MÃ¼llerovÃ¡ Jarmila , VavruÅˆkovÃ¡ Veronika , Å utta Pavel
Published: March 2009

We report results obtained from measurements of optical transmittance spectra carried out on a series of silicon thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) from silane diluted with hydrogen. Hydrogen dilution of silane results in an inhomogeneous growth during which the material evolves from amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) to microcrystalline hydrogenated silicon (Âµc-Si:H). Spectral refractive indices and absorption coefficients were determined from transmittance spectra. The spectral absorption coefficients were used to determine the Tauc optical band gap energy, the B factor of the Tauc plots, E
04 (energy at which the absorption coefficient is equal to 104 cmâˆ’1), and the Urbach energy as a function of the hydrogen dilution. The results were correlated with microstructure, namely volume fractions of the amorphous and crystalline phase with voids, and with the grain size.
Passivation of defect states in surface and edge regions on pn-junction Si solar cells by use of hydrogen cyanide solutions
Authors: Takahashi Masao , Shishido Takeru , Iwasa Hitoo , Kobayashi Hikaru
Published: March 2009

The local photovoltage of the pn-junction single-crystalline silicon solar cells observed by spot light scanning gradually decreases in the vicinity of edges. The energy conversion efficiency is increased by shadowing the edge regions where the local photovoltage is lower, showing that the defect density is high in the edge regions. From the analysis of the local photovoltage, the spacial distribution of defect states is obtained. The cyanide method, i. e., immersion of solar cells in HCN solutions at room temperature, increases the local photovoltage and increases the energy conversion efficiency.