bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methane distribution and oxidation around the Lena Delta in summer 2013
Authors: Bussmann Ingeborg , Hackbusch Steffen , Schaal Patrick , Wichels Antje
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Lena River is one of the largest Russian rivers draining into the Laptev Sea. The predicted increases in global temperatures are expected to cause the permafrost areas surrounding the Lena Delta to melt at increasing rates. This melting will result in high amounts of methane reaching the waters of the Lena and the adjacent Laptev Sea. The only biological sink that can lower methane concentrations within this system is methane oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria. However, the polar estuary of the Lena River, due to its strong fluctuations in salinity and temperature, is a challenging environment for bacteria. We determined the activity and abundance of aerobic methanotrophic bacteria by a tracer method and by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We described the methanotrophic population with a molecular fingerprinting method (monooxygenase intergenic spacer analysis), as well as the methane distribution (via a headspace method) and other abiotic parameters, in the Lena Delta in September 2013. The median methane concentrations were 22 nmol L−1 for riverine water (salinity (S)  < 5), 19 nmol L−1 for mixed water (5 < S < 20) and 28 nmol L−1 for polar water (S > 20). The Lena River was not the source of methane in surface water, and the methane concentrations of the bottom water were mainly influenced by the methane concentration in surface sediments. However, the bacterial populations of the riverine and polar waters showed similar methane oxidation rates (0.419 and 0.400 nmol L−1 d−1), despite a higher relative abundance of methanotrophs and a higher estimated diversity in the riverine water than in the polar water. The methane turnover times ranged from 167 days in mixed water and 91 days in riverine water to only 36 days in polar water. The environmental parameters influencing the methane oxidation rate and the methanotrophic population also differed between the water masses. We postulate the presence of a riverine methanotrophic population that is limited by sub-optimal temperatures and substrate concentrations and a polar methanotrophic population that is well adapted to the cold and methane-poor polar environment but limited by a lack of nitrogen. The diffusive methane flux into the atmosphere ranged from 4 to 163 µmol m2 d−1 (median 24). The diffusive methane flux accounted for a loss of 8 % of the total methane inventory of the investigated area, whereas the methanotrophic bacteria consumed only 1 % of this methane inventory. Our results underscore the importance of measuring the methane oxidation activities in polar estuaries, and they indicate a population-level differentiation between riverine and polar water methanotrophs.
Towards representing human behavior and decision making in Earth system models – an overview of techniques and approaches
Authors: Müller-Hansen Finn , Schlüter Maja , Mäs Michael , Donges Jonathan F. , Kolb Jakob J. , Thonicke Kirsten , Heitzig Jobst
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Today, humans have a critical impact on the Earth system and vice versa, which can generate complex feedback processes between social and ecological dynamics. Integrating human behavior into formal Earth system models (ESMs), however, requires crucial modeling assumptions about actors and their goals, behavioral options, and decision rules, as well as modeling decisions regarding human social interactions and the aggregation of individuals' behavior. Here, we review existing modeling approaches and techniques from various disciplines and schools of thought dealing with human behavior at different levels of decision making. We demonstrate modelers' often vast degrees of freedom but also seek to make modelers aware of the often crucial consequences of seemingly innocent modeling assumptions. After discussing which socioeconomic units are potentially important for ESMs, we compare models of individual decision making that correspond to alternative behavioral theories and that make diverse modeling assumptions about individuals' preferences, beliefs, decision rules, and foresight. We review approaches to model social interaction, covering game theoretic frameworks, models of social influence, and network models. Finally, we discuss approaches to studying how the behavior of individuals, groups, and organizations can aggregate to complex collective phenomena, discussing agent-based, statistical, and representative-agent modeling and economic macro-dynamics. We illustrate the main ingredients of modeling techniques with examples from land-use dynamics as one of the main drivers of environmental change bridging local to global scales.
Precipitation downscaling using a probability-matching approach
and geostationary infrared data: An evaluation over six climate
regions
Authors: Guo Ruifang , Liu Yuanbo , Zhou Han , Zhu Yaqiao
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Precipitation is one of the most important components of the global water cycle. Precipitation data at high spatial and temporal resolutions are crucial for basin-scale hydrological and meteorological studies. In this study, we proposed a cumulative distribution of frequency (CDF)-based downscaling method (DCDF) to obtain hourly 0.05° × 0.05° precipitation data. The main hypothesis is that a variable with the same resolution of target data should produce a CDF that is similar to the reference data. The method was demonstrated using the 3 hourly 0.25° × 0.25° Climate Prediction Center Morphing method (CMORPH) dataset and the hourly 0.05° × 0.05° FY2-E Geostationary (GEO) Infrared (IR) temperature brightness (Tb) data. Initially, power function relationships were established between precipitation rate and Tb for each 1° × 1° region. Then the CMORPH data were downscaled to 0.05° × 0.05°. The downscaled results were validated over diverse rainfall regimes in China. Within each rainfall regime, the fitting functions coefficients were able to implicitly reflect the characteristics of precipitation. Qualitatively, the downscaled estimates were able to capture more details about rainfall motions and changes. Quantitatively, the time series of the downscaled estimates were more similar to the rain gauge data than the original CMORPH product at the daily scale. The downscaled estimates not only improved spatio-temporal resolutions, but also performed better (Bias: −7.35 %~10.35 %; correlation coefficient (CC): 0.48~0.60) than the CMORPH product (Bias: 20.82 %~94.19 %; CC: 0.31~0.59) over convective precipitating regions. The downscaled results performed as well as the CMORPH product over regions dominated with frontal rain systems and performed relatively poorly over mountainous or hilly areas where orographic rain systems dominate.
Technical note: Combining quantile forecasts and predictive distributions of streamflows
Authors: Bogner Konrad , Liechti Katharina , Zappa Massimiliano
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The enhanced availability of many different hydro-meteorological modelling and forecasting systems raises the issue of how to optimally combine this great deal of information. Especially the usage of deterministic and probabilistic forecasts with sometimes widely divergent predicted future streamflow values makes it even more complicated for decision makers to sift out the relevant information. In this study multiple streamflow forecast information will be aggregated based on several different predictive distributions, and quantile forecasts. For this combination the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach, the non-homogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR), also known as the ensemble model output statistic (EMOS) techniques, and a novel method called Beta-transformed linear pooling (BLP) will be applied. By the help of the quantile score (QS) and the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS), the combination results for the Sihl River in Switzerland with about 5 years of forecast data will be compared and the differences between the raw and optimally combined forecasts will be highlighted. The results demonstrate the importance of applying proper forecast combination methods for decision makers in the field of flood and water resource management.
Tools for jimmying experience: Conceptual speed dating on Facebook
Authors: Dawkins Roger
Published: November 2017

This paper extends previous work that develops Deleuze’s concept of immanence in a research and education context. Its focus is a minor practice called Conceptual Speed Dating (CSD), noted by Brian Massumi as a technique for disabling the tendency in group dynamics for participants to perform their acquired knowledge, at the expense of “exploratory thinking.” This paper contribute to Deleuze-Guattarian “immanent pedagogies” in that it outlines Facebook’s value as a tool for implementing CSD — actually, a digitally inflected mode of CSD called Close Reading using Facebook (CRF). Facebook contributes speed, strengthening immanence and rhizoanalysis, exploding reading and allowing more opportunities for creativity. In developing this argument about an immanent reading practice using Facebook, this paper draws on teaching events at an Australian university in 2016 and 2017.
"Talking about his dead child, again!" Emotional self-management in relation to online mourning
Authors: Raun Tobias
Published: November 2017

This paper explores a group of Dane’s motives for and experiences with using their personal Facebook profile to cope with the death of a close relative, based on extensive semi-structured media-go-along interviews. The focus of the article is on what I label emotional self-management, which came up repeatedly during the interviews as an integrated part of mourning online. It is argued that Facebook is used as an outlet for expressing thoughts and feelings that are often experienced as bypassed or silenced in off-line social interactions. However, these expressions of grief take place within a techno-social space, where one balances on a tight line between an allowed enactment of a private public self and a denigrated enactment of an oversharing, too transgressive intimate self. One is allowed to mourn but not excessively. In trying to balance sharing but not oversharing it is argued that the interviewees engage in continous dialog with multiple internal and external others.
Breaking news: How push notifications alter the fourth estate
Authors: Sanfilippo Madelyn Rose , Lev-Aretz Yafit
Published: November 2017

In the face of media mistrust and increasing scrutiny over fake news, the fourth estate traditional power-check functions, as well as its esteem, are in jeopardy. Changes in news reporting and dissemination, including social media and new technologies have greatly reshaped the information environments of an informed electorate within American democracy. While much scholarly progress has been made in studying the socio-political impact of social media, similar critical attention has not been given to some of the technological changes in news dissemination. Research has begun to analyze attitudinal changes, as well as documented general information-saturation culture and online civility. It is not clear if these are related within the context of breaking news, raising distinct research questions, including: How have objectivity and sentiment changed in media representations over time? How have push notifications, as an increasingly popular and exemplar technological change in news dissemination, influenced these representations? This paper addresses these questions by exploring a case comparison between representations of two historically parallel breaking news stories, U.S. President Nixon firing special prosecutor Archibald Cox in 1973 and President Trump firing FBI Director James Comey in 2017, through computational textual analysis. While headlines and push notifications vary significantly by news providers, push notifications are similar across platforms in distinguishing characteristics such as emotionally loaded and subjective language. Both of these are defining elements of fake and deceptive news and may potentially account for some media distrust recently.
Information and Communication Technology and the Learning of English Phonetics in Selected Secondary Schools in Nigeria: A Case Study
Authors: Anthony Ugboja
Published: November 2017

The study investigated the Information and Communication Technology and learning of English phonetics in selected senior secondary schools in Rivers State.  The study employed a descriptive survey design. A sample of ten (10) senior secondary schools was selected from Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. 15 students were randomly selected from the 10 schools which came to a total of (150) students based on the objectives of the study five research questions were formulated four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected was analyzed using simple descriptive methods of mean and standard deviation (SD) to answer the five research questions. Chi-Square(x2) and t-test were used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the research revealed that there are low availabilities of ICT in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study also revealed that teachers of oral English rarely possess the skills to use the ICT facilities to teach oral English in the public and private secondary schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. The urban areas are more exposed to the use of ICT than their mates in the rural area. Students in the rural area and their mates in the urban area have similar problems in the leaning of phonetics.  Based on the results it was recommended that the use of ICT to teach oral English should be encouraged in senior secondary schools. The recommendations, suggestions for further studies and contribution to knowledge were made.
The Practice and Challenges of Implementing Critical Thinking Skills in Omani Post-basic EFL Classrooms
Authors: Al-Kindi Naeema Saleh , AL-Mekhlafi Abdo Mohammed
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the current study is to investigate post-basic English teachers` practice of critical thinking skills and the challenges they face while teaching skills in EFL classrooms. Three research questions were investigated to achieve this purpose: 1-To what extent do EFL teachers use classroom behaviors that nurture critical thinking at the post basic education schools? 2- Does EFL teachers’ practice of classroom behaviors that nurture critical thinking skills vary according to gender? 3-What challenges do EFL teachers face when incorporating critical thinking in their classrooms?The sample was drawn from 12 post basic schools: 3 female schools, 3 male schools and 6 mixed gender schools. The total number of grade 11 and 12 English teachers in these schools is thirty: 15 males and 15 females. To accomplish the objectives and fulfill the purpose of the study, the study employed a questionnaire and an observation form to collect the data needed to answer the research questions. On looking at the post-basic EFL teachers’ use of behaviors nurturing critical thinking skills, the study reveals that post-basic English teachers rarely use the behaviors that nurture critical thinking skills. The findings also show no significant difference between males and females in the use of the behaviors that most nurture critical thinking skills, except for one type of behavior. Moreover, the study results report some challenges that EFL teachers face when teaching critical thinking; these are related to the course book, to extra-curricular activities, to class size and to training.
Determining Critical Success Factors that Contribute to the Delay of Water Infrastructure Construction Projects in the Abu Dhabi Emirtae: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Altarawneh Jaafer Y. , Thiruchelvam Vinesh , Samadi Behrang
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the critical success factors and the critical delays in the context of water infrastructure construction projects (WICPs) in the Abu Dhabi Emirate. In addition, the purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model to investigate the potential relationship. The literature concerning the critical success and delay factors and the related models that are available provide a starting point for developing the conceptual model. Based on the comprehensive and thorough literature review, all the dimensions of the variables are identified and discussed in detail.This study attempts to reduce the existing gap in the literature regarding the relationship between the critical success factors and critical delay. It forms a foundation upon which further local research can be conducted. In addition, it attempts to identify and point out the most critical success factors that will minimize the delay claims in water infrastructure construction projects (WICPs), as such delays would lead to some of the most difficult and controversial disputes to resolve.  Internationally, it is expected that the findings of this research may help as an evidentiary reference data on which other and further similar comparative researches could be initiated and developed in different environments in terms of cultural, social, contractual, political, and environmental mediums.Finally, the conceptual framework was developed by identifying six (6) variables for project critical success namely Project Management Process (PMP), Project Manager Competency (PMC), Project Team Members’ Competency (PTC), Project Organizational Planning (POP), Project Resources’ Utilization (PRU) and Project Organizational Commitment (POC).
Posture and Social Problem Solving, Self-Esteem, and Optimism
Authors: Nielsen Sarah K.
Published: November 2017

When feeling powerful humans and other animals display expansive postures, but can posing in expansive and powerful postures also generate empowerment? Researchers have studied the “power posing effect” the concept that powerful expansive postures generate empowerment, and found conflicting evidence. Some evidence of power posing’s impact shows increased hormones and a variety of behaviors indicating greater confidence. Yet still others have found no effect on hormones or behaviors, and suggest the impact of power posing is overstated. The goal of this project was to replicate and extend previous knowledge and contribute to the debate as to the efficacy of power posing, specifically examining the impact on participants’ self-reported social problem-solving efficacy, self-esteem, and optimism. 119 participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: high power pose, low power pose, or a control group with a puzzle solving task, and asked to complete self-report measures of optimism, self-esteem, and problem-solving self-efficacy. Current findings suggest expansive posture demonstrates no measurable impact on psychological attitudes, and contributes to recent literature contradicting the power posing effect. Research and practical implications are discussed.
Metabolic Fingerprinting of Citrus Cultivars and Related Genera Using HPLC and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Matsukawa Tetsuya , Nito Nobumasa
Published: November 2017

Citrus taxonomy is very complex and confusing, because of asexual reproduction and sexual compatibility between Citrus and related genera. Metabolic diversity was studied in Citrus, Poncirus and Fortunella cultivars by the high performance liquid chromatography technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Chromatograms obtained from cultivars of the same species showed similar elution profiles. These results suggested that metabolic profiles carry characteristics of hybrid origin. To confirm the similarities among the Citrus species and their cultivars, multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the chromatograms. According to hierarchical cluster analysis, all cultivars used in this study were divided into three major groups, which largely correspond to pummelo, mandarin and lemon. Hybrids were clustered together with their hybrid origin or their related cultivars. Our results indicated that the metabolic fingerprinting method provides an insight into the phylogenic relationships among Citrus species and cultivars.
Editor's Note
Authors: Saunders Richard
Published: November 2017

Stepping in as a successor to someone else’s effort—particularly when that someone has compiled a record of effectiveness and efficiency—is more than a little intimidating, more particularly when the setting is a professional publication. Departing editor Jennifer Sheehan has done a terrific job with RBM and its publication. Aided by the ACRL folks, the journal has continued its long tradition, first as RBML and then as RBM as a professional forum in special collections librarianship and occasionally in closely related fields.
Prevenção e enfrentamento do bullying: o papel de professores
Authors: Silva Jorge Luiz Da , Bazon Marina Rezende
Published: November 2017

A boa convivência entre os estudantes no ambiente escolar representa um desafio. Como na escola o pluralismo da sociedade é refletido, as diferenças pessoais, étnicas/culturais e econômicas podem originar conflitos e violência. A violência entre pares, intencional, repetitiva, que envolve desequilíbrio de poder, é denominada bullying. A escola é o local principal de expressão desta problemática que, no Brasil, ocorre com maior frequência nas salas de aula. O bullying afeta negativamente o clima escolar e o desenvolvimento de todos os envolvidos - agressor, vítima e espectadores. Embora o nível de conhecimento dos professores sobre o bullying varie em termos de abrangência e de profundidade, este não é, de modo geral, suficiente para que identifiquem ou para que sejam sensíveis a todas as agressões em sala de aula. Dentro disso, as intervenções que realizam tendem a ser pontuais e desarticuladas. Para muitos professores e outros agentes escolares prevalece a crença de que o bullying é “brincadeira” de crianças/adolescentes e de que as suas consequências não são muito graves. Assim, denota-se a importância de formação do professor, de modo a incrementar não somente seu conhecimento sobre o tema, mas, principalmente, sua sensibilidade e sua competência para intervir no problema, contribuindo assim para que o clima escolar seja menos violento e excludente. Esse é o foco deste ensaio teórico.
As representações sociais sobre educação inclusiva e o ato de ensinar na diversidade: a pessoalidade do professor em cena
Authors: Oliveira Anna Augusta Sampaio de
Published: November 2017

Nesse artigo, pretendemos discutir como se operam as representações sociais dos professores tendo como base a ideia de que a constituição humana é resultado das múltiplas apropriações de signos culturais e caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento psíquico e pelo autocontrole da conduta no contexto coletivo. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho é compreendido como o fator decisivo no processo de humanização do psiquismo e está diretamente relacionado aos produtos históricos e aos processos de mediação que atuam no desenvolvimento de conceitos que formarão as representações sobre os fenômenos que nos rodeiam. As representações sociais retratam esse sistema de pensamento demarcando a indissociabilidade entre o social e o individual, os quais se fundem por meio do processo de mediação semiótica e instrumental. Os professores estão, da mesma forma, submetidos a essa estrutura de formação do pensamento e, portanto, suas representações atuam diretamente no ato pedagógico, entrelaçando o conhecimento teórico e seu equipamento emocional, nem sempre consciente.
Crenças e expectativas para o atendimento a alunos com transtorno global do desenvolvimento
Authors: Rodrigues Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim , Capellini Vera Lúcia Messias Fialho , Maturana Ana Paula Pacheco Moraes
Published: November 2017

O estudo pretendeu descrever crenças e o conhecimentos sobre TGD de diferentes categorias de profissionais da educação, sua experiência com esta população e formação anterior na área. Participaram 82 profissionais da Educação, iniciantes em um curso de especialização sobre TGD, 19 professores de Educação Especial, 22 professores de Educação Infantil, 23 professores de áreas especificas, 12 profissionais com cargo administrativo e seis sem cargo informado. Deles, seis eram do sexo masculino. Antes do início do curso, os participantes responderam a questões relativas ao conhecimento sobre TGD e experiências anteriores com essa população sob forma de narrativa que foram transcritas, categorizadas e analisadas considerando a amostra geral e os subgrupos. Os resultados apontaram que há pouco conhecimentos dos profissionais sobre TGD. Foram identificadas crenças positivas e negativas foram identificadas relacionadas à inclusão dessa população no sistema regular de ensino. Quanto à experiência anterior ou atual com esta população, a maior frequência foi encontrada entre professores de Educação Especial e de Ensino Fundamental. Os professores de Educação Especial relataram a dificuldade de inclusão como ponto negativo do trabalho e os professores de áreas especificas a precariedade dos serviços oferecidos a eles. Todavia, esta última categoria relatou expectativas mais favoráveis com relação ao curso. Considerando a legislação atual sobre inclusão, aí contemplados os alunos com TGD, é importante que os profissionais de todos os segmentos da Educação estejam minimamente preparados para recebe-los e oferecer uma educação de qualidade, promovendo sua inclusão e desenvolvimento.
Mudança de atitudes sociais de professores em relação à inclusão: transformação junto com alunos
Authors: Vieira Camila Mugnai
Published: November 2017

Capacitações docentes para educação inclusiva habitualmente abordam apenas aspectos técnicos e conceituais. Ocorre que variáveis pessoais do professor, como as atitudes sociais, são decisivas no processo educacional inclusivo. Neste artigo, são apresentados os efeitos de uma intervenção inovadora junto a 52 professores do ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental de duas escolas municipais de uma cidade do interior paulista. Realizou-se uma capacitação de modo a preparar os professores para aplicarem em seus estudantes um programa informativo sobre deficiências e inclusão, utilizando estratégias pedagógicas e lúdicas variadas, com o objetivo de mudança das atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão.  Todos os professores passaram por avaliações em três momentos no decorrer do experimento, por meio da aplicação da Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão. A estratégia de capacitação mostrou-se efetiva, pois, ao envolverem-se com a tentativa de mudança das atitudes sociais de seus alunos, os próprios professores puderam transformar positivamente suas atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão.
Ensinando habilidades sociais educativas para professores no contexto da inclusão escolar
Authors: Rosin-Pinola Andréa Regina , Marturano Edna Maria , Elias Luciana Carla Dos Santos , Prette Zilda Aparecida Pereira Del
Published: November 2017

A atuação do professor na escola requer formação e suporte para planejar e intervir em situações que promovam comportamentos sociais com todos os estudantes, incluindo os com deficiência. Nesse estudo, objetivou-se avaliar as habilidades sociais educativas dos professores antes e depois de passarem por um Programa de formação em Habilidades Sociais Educativas (PHSE). Participaram 40 professores do Ensino Fundamental 1, de escolas públicas do interior paulista, 10 pertencentes à turma A e 30 à turma B. Considerando o tamanho do segundo grupo, foram implementadas estratégias de realizarem as atividades de casa por escrito a serem levadas no encontro seguinte. Além disso, foi disponibilizada a comunicação por e-mail com a pesquisadora, tanto para tirar dúvidas quanto para pedir ajuda em relação à implementação das atividades em sala. O programa aconteceu em horário de trabalho coletivo, com oito encontros de duração média de uma hora e meia. A análise evidenciou que a turma A apresentou melhoras significativa em Explicar e avaliar de forma interativa e uma tendência de melhora em Selecionar conteúdos e Organizar ambiente físico. A turma B apresentou melhoras significativas em todos os fatores das duas escalas. Sugere-se que a estrutura modificada do programa para a turma B mostrou-se mais eficaz e que o tamanho da amostra pode ter influenciado a sensibilidade do teste estatístico. Discute-se a possibilidade de programas desse tipo para professores serem utilizados como forma de promover o desenvolvimento socioemocional dos estudantes.
Concepção de professores acerca da tarefa de casa e o seu emprego junto ao aluno com deficiência física
Authors: Zafani Mariana Dutra , Gregorutti Carolina Cangemi , Baleotti Luciana Ramos
Published: November 2017

Objetivou-se identificar e analisar a concepção de 15 professores acerca da tarefa de casa (TC), e investigar como a TC está sendo proposta para o aluno com deficiência física (DF). Para coleta de dados utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Os resultados apontam que, de maneira geral, os professores consideram a TC importante e uma extensão da prática pedagógica, além de favorecer a interação entre pais e filhos e a aproximação dos pais na escola. No entanto, não a propõem para todos os alunos com DF em função de não terem capacitação para a sua adequação. Este estudo permitiu identificar a concepção do professor acerca da função da tarefa de casa, e verificar as possíveis congruências e/ou incongruências que podem manifestar-se entre tal concepção e a operacionalização da tarefa de casa para o aluno com DF. Ressalta-se a importância de se investigar o papel da tarefa de casa no contexto da Educação Inclusiva de diferentes alunos que constituem o público alvo da Educação Especial.
Os sistemas locais de ação pública e a sua origem nas redes sociotécnicas: a territorialização do Plano Brasil Sem Miséria Rural
Authors: Pacífico Daniela Aparecida
Published: November 2017

Inseridos na perspectiva conhecida como abordagem pelos instrumentos, Pierre Lascoumes e Patrick Le Galès apresentam um enfoque que contribui para pensar a territorialização de políticas públicas. A abordagem considera que os processos de implementação de políticas públicas produzem sistemas locais de ação pública. Tais sistemas locais podem ser apreendidos a partir de quatro dimensões: da tradução e apropriação; do público; da mobilização dos atores; e da dimensão de tempo e lugar. Este trabalho apresenta e discute esta proposta e aplica este quadro analítico para o caso do Plano Brasil Sem Miséria Rural (BSM-Rural). Busca-se analisar se os sistemas locais produzidos pelo processo de implementação constituem-se das redes sociotécnicas existentes no norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados apresentados que embasam este trabalho têm como fonte a análise de documentos e pesquisa de campo, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. O trabalho está dividido em cinco seções. A primeira faz uma introdução do tema; a seção seguinte debate a proposta analítica de Lascoumes e Le Galès; a terceira apresenta brevemente o BSM-Rural; a quarta analisa este programa à luz do quadro analítico e; por fim, são feitas algumas considerações finais. Conclui-se que os sistemas locais constituem-se das redes sociotécnicas existentes e, que, cada uma delas mobiliza, sobretudo, diferentes traduções e apropriações do BSM-Rural, possibilitando ajustes e criação de regras próprias de aplicação configurando particularidades à territorialização da ação pública.
Avaliação da sustentabilidade em agroecossistemas: formação conceitual e aplicação a uma realidade regional
Authors: Gomes João Carlos Costa , Verona Luiz Augusto Ferreira , Schwengber José Ernani , Gomes Gustavo Crizel
Published: November 2017

É relatada uma experiência de construção do conhecimento na avaliação de sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas no território sul do Rio Grande do Sul com a utilização do marco teórico MESMIS - Marco para a Avaliação de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturais Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade por meio da aplicação do marco teórico à realidade local. Foi realizado um curso teórico-prático para um grupo multidisciplinar com a aplicação empírica da proposta metodológica de forma participativa com quatro famílias em quatro agroecossistemas. Alguns pontos comuns foram identificados nos agroecossistemas estudados: três apresentam problemas relacionados à água, tema fundamental e transversal às múltiplas dimensões da sustentabilidade, afetando qualidade de vida, saúde, ambiente e viabilidade do agroecossistema. A dependência a insumos externos, principalmente para sistemas de produção de base ecológica e a sucessão na agricultura familiar emergiram como pontos críticos para a sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar na região.
Geo Spatial Assessment of Flood Hazard in Jhang District, Pakistan
Authors: Maryam Khalid  , Omar Riaz  , Azeem Sultan  , Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah  , Muhammad Naeem Hassan
Published: November 2017

Floods are one of the leading natural disasters in Pakistan. In recent decades the frequency and intensity of floods has increased due to human and environmental factors. In this work an attempt was made to examine the flood vulnerable areas of Jhang district and its impact on land cover changes by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Image Analysis and different indices like NDVI, NDWI were applied on satellite images for identification of flood prone areas and vegetation conditions in study area. Flood prone areas were further classified into low, medium and high risk areas according to flood hazard. The results indicate that, Jhang covers total area of 6357 km2 out of which flood affected area is 530 km2. During the flood of 2010 water area expanded approximately 714 km2 while a decline was observed in agricultural lands which have lost139 km2 area under vegetation
Ethnopharmacy of Selected Medicinal Plants in a Group of Infants of Educated and Employed Mothers in Amman City
Authors: A. Al-Zeidaneen Safaa
Published: November 2017

Background: Employed mothers have little time for infant care and doctor visit. They resemble other women who prefer using medicinal plants to treat minor and self-limited medical problems.
Objective: To investigate the frequency of using selected medicinal plant among infants of educated and employed mothers and the indications of use for these medicinal plants in Jordan.
Methods: Observational study was conducted on employed mothers of 100 infants (50 males; 50 females) aged between 2-12 months in Jordan. Infants were divided according to gender into males and females and they were further subdivided into < 6 months and ≥6 months according to age. Infants' mothers were interviewed and asked about the usage and indications of the selected medicinal plants. The health and socio-demographic data were collected by the principal investigator through a valid and reliable questionnaire.
Results: Employed mothers frequently used medicinal plants to treat infantile colic, constipation, coughing or inability to sleep. The most frequently used medicinal plant among employed mothers was anise, Pimpinella anisum (44%) especially for infants aged <6 months which was negatively correlated with infantile colic and positively correlated with induce sleep indication. Thymus vulgaris was commonly used to treat cough (40%) followed by both chamomile, Matricaria aurea and anise, Pimpinella anisum (30%) while, sage, Salvia triloba was the most frequently used medicinal plants to treat infantile colic (35.71%).
Conclusion: Employed and well-educated mothers frequently used medicinal plants among their infants. The safety of using medicinal plants among infants is questionable.
Contributions of body fat, fat free mass and arm muscle area in athletic performance of wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Oliveira Lúcia , Oliveira Saulo , Guimarães Fernando , Costa Manoel
Published: November 2017

The aims of this study were: to verify the relationship (1) and dependency (2) between body fat (BF), fat free mass (FFM) and the arm muscle area (AMA) with athletic performance of wheelchair basketball players. Twenty-two subjects were evaluated according to the following order, in 24-hour intervals: a) anthropometric measurements and the Wingate anaerobic test (day 1); b) assessment of VO2peak and threshold (2); and c) specific tests (3). The results showed satisfactory relationships of AMA with handgrip left (r=.36; p=.08), VO2peak (r=.59; p=.03), medicine ball throwing (r=.54; p=.00), absolute (r=.61; p=.00) and relative anaerobic power (r=.67; p=.00). BF with handgrip left (r= .43; p=.03), medicine ball throwing (r=.50; p=.01), absolute (r=.77; p=.00) and relative (r=.82; p=.00) anaerobic power. And FFM with handgrip (r=.44; p=.03), medicine ball throwing (r=.43; p=.03), absolute (r=.64; p=.00) and relative (r=.69; p= .00) anaerobic power. The regression analyses revealed that only predictive models by AMA presented good determination coefficients to VO2peak (r2=.35; p=.00), medicine ball throwing (r2=.29; p=.00), absolute (r2=.37; p=.00) and relative (r2=.46; p=.00) anaerobic Power. The results indicated the importance to consider some anthropometric measures, in particular muscular tissue, to sport training and athletic performance evaluation of wheelchair basketball players.
Once More with Feeling: Re-investigating the Smuttynose Island Murders
Authors: Chare Nicholas
Published: November 2017

During the night of March 5, 1873, two Norwegian women were murdered on Smuttynose Island in the Isles of Shoals off the New Hampshire coast. The crime has attracted significant and enduring attention. This article examines two depictions of the murders—Celia Thaxter’s 1875 essay “A Memorable Murder” and Kathryn Bigelow’s film from 2000 The Weight of Water, an adaptation of Anita Shreve’s novel of the same name. Employing psychoanalytic thinking inspired by the theories of Melanie Klein and Ruth Riesenberg-Malcolm, I examine how these literary and filmic re-enactments facilitate the reviving of the past in the present and how they foster an experience akin to transference as it is conceived in the analytic situation.
L’art du reenactment chez Milo Rau
Authors: Wind Priscilla
Published: November 2017

En 2007, le metteur en scène suisse Milo Rau crée l’International Institute for Political Murder, qui développe une nouvelle esthétique du théâtre documentaire comme art politique basée sur le reenactment. Ces spectacles reproduisent des moments marquants des dernières décennies pouvant susciter une prise de conscience politique, par exemple dans Les derniers jours des Ceauşescu, La déclaration de Breivik ou encore Hate Radio, la reproduction d’une émission de radio de propagande hutue durant le génocide rwandais. L’IIPM propose un travail sur l’intermédialité et sur le témoignage à travers les acteurs qui force le spectateur à réfléchir sur la manipulation des médias, sur la place accordée à la compassion et au conflit dans notre monde contemporain. Ces spectacles soulèvent la question du devoir de mémoire et du travail de deuil : dans quelle mesure le reenactment permet-il de repenser l’effet cathartique aujourd’hui ?
Lists, Narratives, and Archives of Intangible Heritage: The Politics of Digital Re-enactments
Authors: Pietrobruno Sheenagh
Published: November 2017

Intangible heritage is re-enacted through its repeated performance on UNESCO’s websites and YouTube. This re-enactment via media technologies takes shape through narratives, lists, and archives. The political concerns—notably, issues of authority—surrounding the formation of narratives, lists, and archives may nonetheless counter one another. Political underpinnings surface through the material technologies of these media forms as well as the context in which they are situated and circulate. Narratives, lists, and archives in divergent digital environments intertwine with heritage content to produce competing political values that such re-enactments can assume.
Julien Prévieux. Le reenactment ou l’art de déjouer les codes
Authors: Prunet Camille
Published: November 2017

L’article propose d’analyser une forme originale de reenactment dans des oeuvres choisies de l’artiste français Julien Prévieux. Ses vidéos s’appuient sur des archives de mouvements corporels rejouées sous forme de chorégraphies, pouvant être ultérieurement activées en performance. C’est une forme de reenactment à contre-emploi qui est opérée par l’artiste. Comment un tel retournement fait-il sens dans l’histoire de la performance à l’heure de l’image numérique et de sa diffusion par les réseaux informatiques ?
Performer la collection. Comment le reenactment performe-t-il ce qu’il recrée ?
Authors: Fraser Marie , Dubé-Moreau Florence-Agathe
Published: November 2017

Les recherches récentes en histoire de l’art et en muséologie relient les pratiques du « re- » à l’histoire de la performance et de l’exposition ainsi qu’à un engouement pour les retours vers le passé, en leur attribuant une fonction mémorielle ou d’hommage. Mais le reenactment n’implique pas seulement la remise en acte d’une oeuvre en soi; son processus d’actualisation remet également en jeu des mécanismes historiques et discursifs. Cet article tente de redéfinir et d’approfondir cette notion en art contemporain à partir de trois études de cas : Nachbau (Reconstruction) de Simon Starling (2007), Just Pompidou it. Rétrospective du Centre Pompidou d’Alexandra Pirici & Manuel Pelmus (2014) et Artist Tour Guide de Maria Hupfield (2014). En travaillant avec des collections muséales, ces artistes opposent la pratique du reenactment à un système figé, linéaire et hiérarchisé, et pointent la nécessité de renouveler continuellement la relation du musée à l’histoire. Si le reenactment a le potentiel de « performer la collection », c’est non seulement en raison de sa performativité, déjà reconnue par plusieurs auteurs, mais également de sa réflexivité et de sa temporalité anachronique, que nous désignons ici comme sa double historicité.
Crime et maternité
Authors: Robert1 Marie-Pierre
Published: November 2017

Ce texte analyse les infractions liées à la grossesse au Code criminel canadien : avortement (disposition déclarée inconstitutionnelle), négligence à se procurer de l’aide lors de l’accouchement, infanticide, suppression de part et abandon d’enfant. S’appuyant notamment sur la jurisprudence récente relative à ces infractions, le texte questionne la cohérence et la modernité de ce régime législatif, qui semble être le reflet d’une époque révolue.
Repenser l’itinérance au féminin dans le cadre d’une recherche participative
Authors: Bellot1 Céline , Rivard Jacinthe
Published: November 2017

Le présent article fait l’exercice de repenser la question de l’itinérance, en proposant l’adoption d’un regard neuf, parce que féminin, sur le phénomène. Incarnée dans une recherche participative en cours – notamment son Comité de reconnaissance –, cette nouvelle perspective s’appuie simultanément sur la parole et les savoirs de femmes en situation d’itinérance, sur une épistémologie de la marge, des théories de la reconnaissance et d’autres féministes, critiques et intersectorielles. À l’inverse d’une logique individualiste centrée sur la gestion du risque, sont abordés les enjeux structurels et systémiques que vivent ces femmes, qui les invisibilisent socialement, les fragilisent, et qui se posent donc en obstacle à une vie décente. Par conséquent, l’avènement d’une réponse adaptée et adéquate, ancrée dans les droits de la personne, ne peut faire l’économie d’un renouvellement de la perspective à la fois du phénomène de l’itinérance et des personnes qui vivent de telles situations.
Les violences basées sur l’honneur au Canada et au Québec
Authors: Jimenez1 Estibaliz , Cousineau Marie-Marthe , Tanguay Ève-Marie , Arcand Joelle
Published: November 2017

Les violences basées sur l’honneur (VBH) incarnent une problématique peu visible, mal comprise et encore taboue. De plus, elles sont difficiles à aborder de peur de stigmatiser au passage certaines communautés issues de l’immigration. L’absence de consensus sur la définition ainsi que sur la terminologie à utiliser pour décrire la problématique soulève des questionnements sur la prévention et l’intervention en situation de VBH. En effet, dans ce contexte, les enjeux entourant l’intervention se complexifient non seulement pour identifier et soutenir les victimes, mais également pour dénoncer les agresseurs lorsqu’il s’agit de membres de la famille. L’« affaire Shafia », largement médiatisée, a particulièrement ébranlé les sociétés québécoise et canadienne et a déclenché une prise de conscience collective sur les mesures à mettre en place afin de prévenir les situations de VBH et de protéger les victimes de tels actes. Dans les années suivant l’affaire Shafia, des lois ont été adoptées autant au fédéral qu’au provincial afin de protéger les victimes des VBH. Il est encore trop tôt pour évaluer leur efficacité, mais déjà on peut constater que si, a priori, ces mesures législatives sont accueillies favorablement, elles méritent qu’on les examine ne serait-ce que pour envisager les effets, plus ou moins souhaités, qu’elles risquent d’entraîner.
Les femmes victimes de violence conjugale à la marge du système pénal : l’engagement 810 du Code criminel
Authors: Bungardean1 Adriana , Wemmers Jo-Anne
Published: November 2017

L’engagement 810 du Code criminel est une mesure couramment utilisée comme aboutissement du processus judiciaire dans les cas de violence conjugale. Au cours des dernières années, nous avons observé une augmentation du nombre d’engagements émis dans ces cas. À la fois mesure judiciaire et extrajudiciaire, le « 810 » est une mesure préventive et non punitive, ainsi elle n’occasionne pas de casier judiciaire pour le défendeur. Malgré son utilisation fréquente, peu d’études se sont penchées à savoir si l’engagement 810 est une mesure appréciée par les victimes et si on a répondu à leur besoin de sécurité. Nous examinons le contexte dans lequel l’engagement est appliqué pour les causes pénales en violence conjugale et les raisons que les femmes victimes évoquent pour avoir accepté ledit engagement. Nos résultats montrent que l’utilisation de l’engagement 810 dans les poursuites en violence conjugale contribue à maintenir les femmes victimes de violence conjugale à la marge de la justice.