bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Sedation on Auditory Brainstem Response in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fallahnezhad Tayyebe , Sharafi Mohammad Amin , MazaheryazdiMazaheryazdi Malihah , Jarollahi Farnoush , Pourbakht Akram
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is crucial for evaluating auditory pathway function in pediatric patients. However, obtaining reliable ABR measurements in young children can be challenging due to their inability to stay still and quiet during the test. Sedation is frequently used to facilitate ABR testing in this population, but the most practically effective sedation method and its impact are still uncertain. This systematic review aimed to thoroughly investigate the success rates (completion of ABR in both ears) associated with different sedation techniques.
Recent Findings: In recent review (2000-2022), Ten studies, identified through a comprehensive search of electronic databases, were included in the analysis. The studies reported significant variation in success rates for ABR testing with  sedation,  ranging from 70% to 100%. This suggests that the effectiveness of sedation may not be uniform across all situations. The included studies employed a wide variety of sedation techniques, highlighting the lack of a standardized approach in this area.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the heterogeneity in sedation practices and success rates for pediatric ABR testing. This emphasizes the importance of tailoring the sedation approach to the specific needs of each child while carefully considering  the  potential risks associated with each sedation method. Further research is warranted to establish standardized protocols for sedation in pediatric ABR , ensuring optimal test efficacy while prioritizing patient safety. Research Square registration.Keywords: Auditory brainstem response; sedation; chloral hydrate; children; dexmedetomidine; intranasal drug administration
Investigating the Feasibility of Gap Prepulse Inhibition by Auditory Middle Latency Responses in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Seraji Hossein , Mohammadkhani Ghassem , Afzalzadeh Mohamad Reza
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Gap Prepulse Inhibition (GPI) is a type of Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) in which a gap is used as a prepulse. This study was conducted to investigate the silence gap effect on Auditory Middle Latency Response (AMLR) inhibition in normal subjects.
Methods: In this study, 25 participants with normal hearing and no history of tinnitus were included. AMLR was recorded in response to stimuli with gap and without gap in two background noises of 2 and 8 kHz at two electrode locations Fz and Cz and then, gap prepulse inhibition for Na-Pa, Pa-Nb, Nb-Pb and Pb-Nc amplitude with Use of responses to stimuli with and without gap was calculated.
Results: The results showed that the mean amplitudes of all four AMLR indices decreased in response to the stimuli with gap and this decrease was more and statistically significant in 8 kHz background noise (p≤0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that in future studies, PPI of Na-Pa and Pb-Nc amplitudes can be used as main indicators and PPI of Pa-Nb and Nb-Pb amplitudes as alternative indicators in the PPI paradigm in tinnitus diagnosis.
Keywords: Prepulse inhibition; tinnitus; auditory middle latency responses
Auditory Efferent Pathway Functioning in Individuals with Misophonia
Authors: Aryal Sajana , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Misophonia, characterized by a decreased tolerance for specific auditory stimuli, has been insufficiently explored  within  audiology.  Limited  research has been conducted, and the auditory mechanisms involved in this disorder remain to be explored. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the auditory efferent systems in individuals with misophonia. By focusing on this specific aspect, we aim to contribute to a better understanding of misophonia and shed light on the underlying auditory mechanisms involved in the condition.
Methods: A cross-sectional research was performed with students from Mysore University to investigate misophonia. The severity of misophonia was evaluated using the revised Amsterdam misophonia scale. The participants were divided into two groups based on their misophonia severity: mild (n=15) and moderate-severe (n=15). All participants underwent transient evoked otoacoustic emissions with contralateral suppression to assess the auditory function. The overall amplitude and frequency-specific amplitudes were analyzed and compared across the various groups.
Results: The analysis of variance results revealed no significant differences between the groups in global amplitude suppression and suppression of all frequencies. These findings imply that the medial-olivocochlear bundle efferent pathway is intact among individuals with misophonia.
Conclusion: Our findings have concluded that the medial olivocochlear bundle appears intact among individuals with misophonia (p>0.05). However, it is essential to note that the generalizability of these findings may be limited due to the relatively small sample size used in our study. Therefore, further research involving a more extensive and diverse population is needed to validate and generalize these conclusions.
Keywords: Misophonia; efferent pathway; contralateral suppression; neurophysiology; audiology
The Effect of Root-Mean-Square and Loudness-Based Calibration Approach on the Acceptable Noise Level
Authors: Nekoutabar Raha , Ghaheri Fatemeh Sadat , Jalilvand Hamid
Published: October 2024

environment contains many background noises in everyday conversations, it is necessary to evaluate the noise tolerance. The Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) provides an approach to quantifying the maximum amount of background noise a listener is willing to put up with while listening to a target story without becoming tense. Exploring noise tolerance in speech perception, the study investigates how different calibration methods impact normal hearing participants’ monotic and dichotic ANL results.
Methods: This investigation utilizes a pared-sample t-test for statistical analysis, adopting a comparative observational approach. This study applied the Persian version of the typical ANL test. Two approaches have equalized the target and background stimuli: Root Mean Squared (RMS) and loudness match calibration via Adobe Audition. Using these modified materials the Most Comfortable Level (MCL), the Background Noise Level (BNL), and ANL were compared in terms of RMS and loudness match calibration. Fifty normal persons aged (18–39), under the conditions of monotic and dichotic listening, participated in this study.
Results: The statistical analysis using a paired-sample t-test revealed no significant differences in the outcomes of the ANL test between the calibrations of RMS and loudness matching under both monotic and dichotic listening conditions (p=0.31 and p=0.67, respectively).
Conclusion: The study suggests that calibration procedures, namely RMS and Loudness matching, do not affect ANL in either monotic or dichotic conditions.
Keywords: Loudness; calibration; acceptable noise level; root mean square
Indoor/Outdoor particulate matter (respirable dust) and respirable crystalline silica source tracking in households located proximal to gold mine tailings in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Makhubele Nkateko , Rathebe Phoka , Mbonane Thokozani , Manganyi Jeanneth , Mizan Gabriel , Masekameni Masilu Daniel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the concentration of Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) and respirable dust, Particulate matters (PM4) concentration in samples measured indoors and outdoors of the nine(9) selected households located proximal to gold mine tailings in Riverlea, Johannesburg.
Materials and methods: Sampling locations were separated according to grids, based on distance from the tailings; A (<500 m from the dump), B (>500m<1 km) and C (1 km-3 km). Three households were selected from each grid zone to measure indoor and outdoor PM4 samples continuously over 24 h using GilAir constant sampling pumps. Samples were collected during dry and wet seasons, and respirable crystalline silica in PM4 samples were analysed by an X-ray diffraction method.
Results: The mean indoor and outdoor PM4 mass concentrations ranged from 2.02±0.02 µg/m3 to 2.26±0.02 µg/m3, respectively. The dry season mean for PM4 mass concentrations were higher than the wet season PM4 mass concentrations in all zones. The pairwise comparison of PM4 mass concentration for dry and wet seasons revealed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The dry season means the indoor/outdoor ratio was greater than one across all zones, suggesting indoor activities as the primary source of PM. In both seasons, the mean indoor and outdoor RCS ranged from 0.02±0.01% to 0.06±0.03%. The mean indoor and outdoor 24 h RCS concentrations in both seasons were below the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) defined 24 h ambient exposure threshold of 3 µg/m3.
Conclusion: The study found that PM4 concentration was directly proportional to distance from the gold mine tailings. Using RCS as a signature chemical, we found a similar chemical composition in all samples collected in winter and dry season at varied distances. It is concluded that the gold mine tailings are the significant source of PM4 emissions. Therefore, further dust control measures needs to be implemented at the gold mine tailings.
Classroom indoor air quality and noise level assessment of different educational institutions in a university area in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Bashirul , Masum Mehedi Hassan , Hoque Asiful
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The classroom environment is crucial for fostering effective learning and safeguarding teacher-student health. This study assessed the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and noise levels in classrooms across three institutions: a university, a secondary and higher secondary school (called a school and college), and a primary school.
Materials and methods: Various IAQ parameters such as Particulate Matters (PM2.5 and PM10), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), and temperature, Relative Humidity (RH), light, and noise levels were measured using calibrated instruments from February to March 2024.
Results: The air pollutants and noise levels varied among the institutions. The mean values of PM 2.5 (76.6 µg/m3) and PM (116.7 µg/m3) were highest The mean values of PM 2.5 (76.6 µg/m3) and PM (116.7 µg/m3) were highest in the primary school, while CO (0.82 ppm), light (92.9 lux), temperature (27.6 °C), and noise levels (77.6 dB) peaked in the school and college. University classrooms showed the maximum concentrations of CO2 (804.9 ppm), TVOC (32.9 ppb), and RH (58.6%). In all institutions, PM2.5, PM10, and noise levels exceeded WHO-recommended limits, whereas CO, CO2, RH, and temperature remained within their respective standards. Light levels were below Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between PM2.5 PM10, and CO. Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for PM 2.5 and PM10 exceeded 1.0, indicating potential health risks. Variations in pollutants and noise levels among institutions may be due to classroom facilities, student density, ventilation systems, and student activities.
Conclusion: Long-term exposure to IAQ pollutants and noise levels could impair cognitive function, respiratory health, and overall well-being of the students and educators. Implementing proper ventilation (e.g., HEPA filters) systems, soundproofing acoustic panels, and continuous IAQ monitoring is recommended for a safer classroom environment.
The effect of particle size, meteorological parameters, and building airtightness on particulate matters infiltration
Authors: Zahed Fatemeh , Pardakhti Alireza , Motlagh Majid Shafiepour , Kari Behrouz Mohammad , Tavakoli Azadeh
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The present study analyzed the infiltration behavior of size- fractionated particles and the influencing parameters.
Materials and methods: The studies were carried out in two apartments under varying conditions of airtightness, utilizing real-time surveillance of Particulate Matters (PM0.3, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10), along with air exchange rates and meteorological factors. The seasonal variations of the indoor dissemination of particulate matters have been also discussed.
Results: The analysis of correlations indicated a strong dependency of indoor Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations on outdoor levels. However, the penetration patterns varied across different particle sizes. The highest contribution to outdoor PM10 was observed for PM 2.5-10 while indoors, the predominant particle size was among the finer categories, PM0.3-1.0. Moreover, window air-tightening appeared to decrease the overall effective leakage area of the building envelope, which in turn slightly lowered the ratio of indoor to outdoor PMs as well as the infiltrability for particles of all sizes. However, this intervention did not alter the distribution of particles within indoor environments.The most penetrated particles were observed in the size range 0.3-1.0 µm and then PM<0.3 µm, and the least in the size range 2.5-10 µm.
Conclusion: Particle dimensions and external sources primarily influenced the degree of particle infiltration, significantly overshading the impact of weather-related factors. The relationship between indoor and outdoor particulate matter was diminished by the airtightness of windows, particularly for larger particles. No notable difference was observed in the infiltrability and indoor distribution of particles of varying sizes between the winter and fall seasons.
Assessment of indoor air pollution in causing respiratory illness among women residing in rural areas of Mysuru
Authors: Rajanna Yogendra Dommasandra , Kulkarni Praveen , Rajaram Pragadesh , Basheer Sayana
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The use of inefficient and harmful fuels and technology within and outside the home is the primary cause of indoor air pollution. Approximately 2.4 billion people on the planet still cook over open flames and inefficient stoves using solid fuels and kerosene. The availability of cleaner cooking options varies more in rural than in metropolitan settings. Therefore, there is a need to determine the prevalence of indoor air pollution among rural women, its association with respiratory disorders, and the frequency of respiratory illnesses among rural women residing in houses with or without indoor air pollution.
Materials and methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done for a period of six months from June to November 2020. The study conducted in 210 households living in the rural field practice areas of JSS Medical College, Mysuru. For the selection of villages, a multistage random sampling technique was used. Three villages are selected from the rural setting: Suttur, Hadinaru, and Kadakola. The households were included by probability proportionate to the size sampling technique. Pre-tested, semi-structured, phase and content validated questionnaires were used to obtain the details on socio-demographic characteristics, meter values of indoor air pollutants like Particulate Matters (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), respectively
with the factors affecting respiratory illness and the episodes of the illness. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS V.26.
Results: The prevalence of indoor air pollution in the present study was 13.3%. In the homes of rural women, there was a statistically significant variation in the concentration of the three particulate matter sources that cause indoor air pollution. Additionally, among the women living in rural families, there was a statistically significant difference in the concentration of PM10 that caused respiratory disease.
Conclusion: The current study demonstrated the higher concentrations of pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0, as well as their significant relation with indoor air pollution in rural families. To prevent indoor air pollution and its health risks, clean energy must be used for household needs.
Air pollution by BTEX and the related health risks due to the tobacco smoke, a systematic review
Authors: Momen Ali , Rezaei Arezo , Rostami Roohollah
Published: October 2024

BTEX is a group of hazardous chemical compounds that include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. The indoor concentration of BTEX is mostly influenced by tobacco smoking, the region within the house, and seasonal variations. This systematic review analyzed studies on BTEX concentrations in indoor air, using data from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Springer from 2010 to 2020, and performed statistical analysis with R after thorough data extraction and evaluation. Duplicate studies were removed, and disagreements during the article selection process were resolved by a third reviewer. Out of the 1351 articles obtained from the keyword search, only 13 were eventually selected for this study. The most abundant compound found in houses among BTEX was toluene, with a concentration of 13.80±16.50 µg/m3. The results indicated that the concentration of ƩBTEX in houses where smoking occurred was lower than in houses where no smoking occurred (18.52 vs. 27.66 µg/m3); However, the concentration of benzene in smoking houses was higher than in non-smoking houses (7.17±9.42 vs. 2.65±3.77 µg/m3, unpaired Wilcoxon test: p>0.05). The concentration of BTEX in houses was substantially lower than that in cafes (21.10±31.10 vs. 15,100±9740 µg/m3, unpaired Wilcoxon test: p<0.05). The urban region had the most significant accumulation of all BTEXs, with the industrial and rural sectors following suit. The findings indicated that the average concentration of BTEX in warm months (such as spring and summer) were higher than in cold months (such as fall and winter) within houses (28.50±44.30 vs. 8.60±7.77 µg/m3, unpaired Wilcoxon test: p>0.05). The findings indicated that the Cancer Risk (CR) associated with houses (3.11×10-6) and cafes (3.54×10-3) exceeded the permissible threshold. Moreover, the waterpipe cafes that utilized fruit-flavored tobacco had the greatest CR (4.98×10-3). Furthermore, the presence of smoking, regional factors, and seasonal variations did not result in an increase in the hazard quotient (HQ) in houses beyond the acceptable thresholds. Finally, smoking, seasonal variations, and region had critical impact on indoor BTEX concentrations, and they could increase the risk of carcinogenic potential in the indoor environments.
Longitudinal Data Clustering Methods: A Systematic ReviewLongitudinal Data Clustering Methods: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tafti Arefeh Dehghani , Jahani Yunes , Jambarsang Sara , Bahrampour Abbas
Published: October 2024

Introduction: In the last few decades, in many research fields, different methods were introduced to discover groups with the same trends in longitudinal data. The clustering process is an unsupervised learning method, which classifies longitudinal data based on different criteria by performing algorithms. The current study was performed with the aim of reviewing various methods of longitudinal data clustering, including two general categories of non-parametric methods and model-based methods.
Methods: In this research, to obtain related scientific articles, PubMed, Science Direct Scopus, ISI, and Google Scholar were searched between 2000 and 2021.
Results: According to our systematic review, the non-parametric k-means Clustering Method utilizing Euclidean distance emerges as a leading approach for clustering longitudinal data.
Conclusion: This research, with an overview of the studies done in the field of clustering, can help researchers as a toolbox to choose various methods of longitudinal data clustering in idea generation and choosing the appropriate method in the classification and analysis of longitudinal data.
CRP, PCT, and D-dimer as Biomarkers for Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Hamdeni Tasnime , Tshibasu Frederick , Kerkeni Asma , Gasmi Soufiane
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global health, resulting in more than 6 million reported deaths worldwide as of April 2023. This study aimed to investigate the potential of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer as biomarkers for assessing disease severity in COVID-19 patients in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Methods:A retrospective examination was conducted involving 339 COVID-19 patients admitted to Kinshasa hospitals between January 2021 and March 2022. CRP, PCT, and D-dimer levels were measured in all patients and compared between those with severe and non-severe illnesses.
Results: Our findings revealed significantly higher CRP, PCT, and D-dimer levels in severe cases compared to non-severe cases. Specifically, the median CRP level was 120.6 mg/L in severe cases, 47.3 mg/L in mild cases, and 13.5 mg/L in moderate cases. The median PCT levels were 0.26 ng/mL in severe cases, 0.08 ng/ mL in mild cases, and 0.07 ng/L in moderate cases. Additionally, the median D-dimer level was 1836.9 µg/L in severe cases and 597.6 µg/L in mild cases, with a value of 481.1 µg/L in moderate cases. System learning techniques were also employed to predict disease severity based on these biomarkers, achieving high accuracy.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CRP, PCT, and D-dimer serve as valuable biomarkers for identifying severe COVID-19 cases in Kinshasa. Furthermore, the application of machine learning methods can yield accurate predictions of disease severity based on these biomarkers. These biomarkers hold the potential to assist clinicians in informed decision-making regarding patient management and contribute to improved clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients.
Associations between Conspiracy Ideation, Covid-19 Conspiracy Ideation with Adherence to Preventive Measures among Adults in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alajmi Nourah K. , Albatineh Ahmed N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A lack of knowledge about COVID-19 has led people to believe in conspiracy theories, their origins, and their purposes. These theories influence people’s compliance with preventive strategies and accepting vaccination, thus affecting the overall community health. This study investigated the association between compliance with preventive measures, conspiracy ideation, and COVID-19 conspiracy ideation.
Methods:Data from 554 participants ≥18 years were collected using a questionnaire distributed over social media platforms. Associations between compliance with preventive strategies and several covariates were investigated. To quantify/test the effect of belief in conspiracy theory and COVID-19 conspiracy while accounting for other covariates, a multiple logistic regression model was implemented to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Participants were mainly males (58.3%), employed (61.2%), and Kuwaiti nationals (79.1%) with a median (IQR) age of 32 (20) years. The prevalence of generic conspiracy ideation, COVID-19 conspiracy, and poor compliance with preventive measures were 33%, 28.3%, and 34.7%, respectively. After adjustment for several covariates, believers in conspiracy theory (aOR=1.97, 95%CI:1.24-3.14), believers in COVID-19 conspiracy (aOR=1.96, 95%CI:1.2– 3.21), compared to none/low believers, were significantly associated with poor compliance with preventive measures.
Conclusion: Believers in conspiracy theories and COVID-19 conspiracy theories are significantly more likely to be poorly compliant with preventive measures against COVID-19. This has a negative effect on the community health. Policymakers need to address conspiracy theories on public platforms which will help promote the adaptation of correct public health practices and preventive strategies leading to better health of the community.
Using Network Analysis to Examine the Brain Regions Connectivity of Functional Neurological Disorder Patient and Healthy Participant
Authors: Ahmadi Samira , Oghabian Mohammad Ali , Faghihzadeh Elham
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is one of the most common causes of neuropathy, However, its cause continues to be mysterious. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of that is crucial for treatment strategies. The study was conducted on brain images resting state fMRI taken from two volunteers (functional neurological disorder patient and healthy subject)who had the same characteristics.
Methods: We fitted Gaussian Graphical Models to a single subject data using a network approach.
Results: Based on the results of the networks, the number of significant edges was more in the left hemisphere in the patient, but in the healthy person, the number of these non-zero edges was more in the right hemisphere. Both the networks related to the healthy person and the patient had high density. Therefore, it indicated that the regions considered by these 2 people were strongly related to each other. The results showed the existence of more links and positive relationships between the regions, most of which showed a strong relationship. Among these connections, there were also negative connections. The networks of the healthy participant with almost symmetrical structures and the patient with Functional neurological disorder showed different characteristics, including asymmetry between the hemispheres.
Conclusion: this study is the first to demonstrate that the brain regions of both functional neurological disorder patient and healthy participant can be conceptualized as networks. The findings of this study add to a growing body of literature that functional neurological disorder patient brain regions can be analyzed using network approaches.
Sample Size Calculation Based on Research Approaches in Animal Studies
Authors: Pakgohar Alireza
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Sample sizes that are too small can produce inconclusive results, while sample sizes that are too large may raise ethical concerns and produce trivial outcomes. Ethical considerations of sample size calculation in animal studies are essential and researchers should consider the 3R approach. Therefore, accurately calculating the sample size is essential to ensure adequate statistical power and avoid wastage of resources.
Methods: The paper presents several innovative approaches for conducting small-scale sampling in animal studies. It includes a comprehensive review of relevant literature, discussing various proposed methods for determining sample size in animal studies
Results: In this study, various formulas are available for preparing sample size calculations that are relevant to the research design. These include t-tests (for one sample and two independent/paired samples), ANOVA, ANCOVA, simple/multiple linear regression, as well as proportion studies and studies utilizing correlation coefficients
Conclusion: Our aims to equip researchers with formulas for reliable findings and adherence to ethical principles for sample size calculating in animal studies.
On The Modeling of Biomedical Data Sets with a New Generalized Exponentiated Exponential Distribution
Authors: KolawoleKolawole Ismail Adekunle , Sule Ibrahim , Bello Olalekan Akanji
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Many experts in the field of distribution theory have focused on extending probability distributions utilizing extended families of continuous distributions to improve the modeling adaptability of the conventional probability distributions.
Methods: This research employed a continuous family of probability distributions as introduced in the literature using the T-X methodology. Through this, some of statistical and mathematical properties of the model were derived and studied
Results: This study had introduced a brand-new, five-parameter generalized exponentiated exponential distribution, which is a continuous probability distribution. With the aid of the quantile function, moments, moment generating function, survival function, hazard function, mean, and median, among other mathematical and statistical aspects, the new distribution's shape was deduced and researched. It was also possible to derive the probability density function for the minimum and maximum order statistics for this distribution. The method of maximum likelihood estimate was used to produce a conventional estimation of the unknown parameters. A simulation study was carried out to assess the efficiency and consistency of the estimation method used. To evaluate the fit and adaptability of the new model, it was applied to four real-world datasets in the field of medicine.
Conclusion: The analysis's findings demonstrated that the new model performs better than its counterparts and offers a better fit than the Topp-Leone exponentiated exponential, Topp-Leone Kumaraswamy exponential, exponentiated exponential, and exponential distributions.
The Impact of Labor Oxytocin Use on Newborn Liver Enzymes
Authors: Abodollahi Samira , Poorbahri Ghesmat Shamimeh , Khoshnamrad Mahsa , Behrouzi Kamran
Published: October 2024

Objective: Oxytocin is commonly used during labor and delivery for induction of labor and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. While previous studies have explored the effects of labor oxytocin use on maternal and neonatal outcomes, there is a paucity of research on its impact on newborn liver enzyme function. This study aimed to assess the effects of labor oxytocin use on liver enzyme function in newborns.
Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted. The case group consisted of 70 newborns whose mothers received oxytocin during labor, while the control group consisted of 70 newborns whose mothers did not receive oxytocin. Complete blood count (CBC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total and indirect bilirubin levels were measured in all newborns on the second day of life.
Results: The levels of AST and total and indirect bilirubin were found to be higher in the case group than in the control group (51 vs. 42, 7.8 vs. 4.6, and 7.4 vs. 4, respectively; p < 0.005). The levels of CPK and LDH were also higher in the case group (p < 0.005). However, the difference in ALT levels was not significant between the study groups.
Conclusion: The observed increase in liver enzymes in this study can indicate the effect of maternal oxytocin on the newborn's liver function. While the changes in liver enzyme levels due to oxytocin use were not found to be high enough to cause liver damage, the increase in CPK and LDH levels could potentially elevate bilirubin levels due to hemolysis. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Health-Related Quality of Life among Iranian Women with Uterine Fibroids: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Najafiarab Hanieh , Farzaneh Farah , Talebian Niki , Ghasemi Zahra , Talayeh Maryam
Published: October 2024

Objective: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors in women, and their prevalence varies between 5.4 and 77.0% in reproductive-aged women. Patients with UFs may experience severe symptoms that they can affect different aspects of their lives, including quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life among Iranian women with UFs.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between November 2023 and February 2024, Data collection was based on the census method. Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Health-related Quality of Life (UFS-QOL) questionnaire was used to assess symptom severity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of women with UFs. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23.0.
Results: Overall, 220 patients with a mean age of 43.10±5.01 years were included in the study. Patients had total UFS-QOL score of 64.11±20.35 with the following subscales’ scores: symptom severity: (19.00±6.39), concern: (60.79±26.47), activities: (71.76±23.02), energy/mood: (54.39±25.14), control: (66.52±22.82), self-consciousness: (77.63±26.39), and sexual function: (59.40±31.18). Furthermore, patients with multiparity history (P= 0.001), obesity (P<0.001), increased menstrual duration (P<0.001), irregular menstruation (P<0.001), and hyper menorrhea (P<0.001) had lower HRQOL scores.
Conclusion: All subscales’ scores of HRQOL were over 50 in patients with UF. HRQOL in these patients can be affected by certain factors, such as features of the menstrual cycle, multiparity, and obesity.
Design and Psychometrics of the Sexual-Reproductive Needs and Concerns Scale of Iranian Never-Married Women Over 35
Authors: Pourasad Shahrak Shakiba , Brand Serge , Taghizadeh Ziba , Ebadi Abbas
Published: October 2024

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to design the Farsi Scale of Sexual-Reproductive Needs and Concerns of never-married women over 35 and to assess its psychometric properties.
Materials and methods: This mixed method research had two phases. The first phase was qualitative (Conventional Content Analysis). We interviewed never-married Iranian women over 35; from their responses, we extracted specific statements which to be used as questionnaire items. To validate the questionnaire psychometrically, we tested its validity (face, content, and structure) and reliability (internal consistency and stability). For qualitative face validity, 15 never-married women and 5 experts commented on the style of sentences. For quantitative face validity, we used the impact score. For qualitative content validity, 15 experts commented on the items based on their appropriateness, and for quantitative content validity, we performed the Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to Construct Validity. To evaluate structural validity, a cross-sectional sample of 240 never-married women over the age of 35 completed the questionnaire. Cronbach’s Alpha was used for internal consistency. In addition, the test-retest method and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to ensure stability.
Results: The Sexual-Reproductive Needs and Concerns Scale of Iranian Never-Married Women over 35 was developed with 15 items and three dimensions (Emotional burden; Sexual needs; Stigma). Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.81 and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.98.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the developed scale has acceptable validity and reliability, and thus can be used to assess the sexual-reproductive needs and concerns of never-married Iranian women of 35 and over.
Anticipating and Executing off Beat Pregnancies in Müllerian Duct Anomalies: A Case Series
Authors: Koya Satyasri , Radhakrishnan Krishnapriya , Ravikumar Sanjitha , Kaul Somika , DesaiDesai Archie
Published: October 2024

Objective: Müllerian duct Anomalies (MDA) are rare but well-known entity. Most of the MDAs are asymptomatic, and are undiagnosed; However, MDAs may present with infertility, bad obstetric history or other associated anomalies which further fuel the suspicion of MDAs. This case series comprises of 6 problem-pregnancies, their course and management.
Case report: Primigravida with bicornuate uterus presented at 23 weeks with hand prolapse, requiring hysterotomy. A G2P1L0 presented at 36 weeks with footling presentation, managed by a preterm CS. Primigravida presented at 24 weeks with Didelphys uterus with partial longitudinal vaginal septum, needing hysterotomy. Primigravida at 37 weeks presented with abruptio placenta, managed by CS.
Conclusion: Though the incidence of MDAs is low, but the outcomes can be rather distressing for both mother and fetus. Once identified, adverse outcomes must be anticipated and prepared for, and these are best managed at tertiary hospitals. Apart from counselling we should also meticulously document, improve awareness regarding MDAs and their outcomes. Early diagnosis and timely management can hit the jackpot in terms of pregnancy outcomes.
Determinants of Non-Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Correspondence
Authors: Daungsupawong Hinpetch , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: October 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Advanced Two-Stage Nanocomposite Membrane System for Methane and Carbon Dioxide Separation from Atmospheric Air
Authors: SERROUNE Shad Abdelmoumen , GEIOS Nano , KAIGEN  , S.T. Dr. Ir. Khasani , SERROUNE Hicham , LEE Hyungson , SANGHO Ryan Lee , KYU Lee Dong , SOO Lee Young
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an advanced two-stage nanocomposite membrane system designed to efficiently separate and capture methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from atmospheric air and water sources. The membrane system comprises a CO2-selective primary membrane and a CH4-selective secondary membrane, utilizing a hierarchical nanomaterials and polymers structure. The proposed system demonstrates unprecedented versatility, operating effectively across an extensive range of gas concentrations (>20% to <0.02%) and reducing CH4 levels from 100-500 ppm to 5-10 ppm in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
 
Performance metrics specify CO2 permeances of 200-2000 GPU and CO2/N2 selectivities of 30-500 at 57 °C and 1 atm feed pressure, surpassing the Robeson upper bound for traditional polymer membranes. The CH4-selective membrane achieves 500-2000 GPU permeances with CH4/CO2 selectivities >50. Furthermore, experimental validation over 1000 hours of continuous operation demonstrated 92% methane capture efficiency under challenging conditions (55 tons/hour methane content at 30 °C). The system's energy consumption of 0.3 kWh/kg of CH4 captured underscores its efficiency compared to traditional methods. This innovative membrane technology offers a promising solution for addressing critical ecological and industrial challenges associated with greenhouse gas emissions in the 21st century.
Junction Temperature Prediction and Lifetime Assessment in a PV Inverter Using a 10-year Mission profile
Authors: Ribeiro Andrei C. , Carvalho Rômullo R. M. , Lemos Francisco V. E. , Silveira João P. C. , Neto Pedro J. S. , Beluzo Carlos E. , Barros Tárcio A. S.
Published: October 2024

The expansion of great-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants indicates the need for an accurate lifetime assessment of inverters to maintain energy supply availability. In this context, the study contributes in two ways. First, we use machine-learning (ML) models for junction temperature prediction. Second, we perform reliability assessments using a 10-year mission profile in three Brazilian cities. The thermal loadings are obtained through a look-up table approach. Although the ML models exhibit different performances in regression, other factors must be considered, such as easy-to-apply, interpretability, and generalization capability. The reliability assessment is typically based on an annual mission profile, assuming damage repeats until failure. However, only the historical series can confirm whether this choice was acceptable, pessimistic, or optimistic. For instance, in Campos do Jordão-SP, if the chosen mission profile is 2014, the expected failure of 10\% of inverter samples occurs three years earlier than suggested by the historical series. Regardless of the methodology used to estimate thermal loading or accumulated damage, the mission profile significantly influences photovoltaic inverter reliability, indicating that if more data is available, the chosen mission profile should align with the historical series.
Comprehensive analysis of particle emissions from miniature turbojet engine
Authors: Kurzawska-Pietrowicz Paula
Published: October 2024

Emission of particulate matter from jet engines contribute to deterioration of air quality in the vicinty of the airports and to formation of contrails in higher layers of the atmosphere. This article presents the results of the measurements of particle emissions from a miniature jet engine GTM-120 fueled conventional aviation fuel Jet A-1. Analysis of particle size distribution, number, mass and volume emission indexes has been made, as well as the analysis of the emission intenisty and mass emission rate. Obtained results were related to LTO cycle phases. The results shows, that the particle number concentration was the lowest for low engine loads, with characteristic diameter of 69.8 nm and the particles concentration of 7.7 x 106 particles/cm3. For thrust increase, the characteristic diameter is smaller, and the particles distribution is no longer single-mode. The highest particles concentration for cm3 is for 100% thrust and is equal to 1.55 x 107 particles, with characteristic diameter of 34 nm.
Numerical investigation of pre-chamber holes diameter geometry on combustion parameters in a hydrogen-powered Turbulent Jet Ignition engine
Authors: Górzyńska Marcelina , Pielecha Ireneusz
Published: October 2024

The search for substitutes for conventional fuels leads to the use of hydrocarbon-free or synthetic fuels. One of them is hydrogen. The use of hydrogen in combination with a two-stage charge creation system leads to the combustion of lean (λ > 1) or very lean (λ > 3) charges. The simulation tests carried out were aimed at determining the best configuration of the chamber connecting the prechamber with the main combustion chamber. Three variants of the diameter of the holes connecting the chambers were selected (d = 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mm) in combination with different fuel doses fed to the prechamber. A passive chamber (qo_PC = 0 mg) and an active chamber (qo_PC = 0.4 and 1.2 mg) were used, while simultaneously sending a dose of fuel to the main chamber (qo_MC = 6 mg). The research was conducted using AVL Fire 2022.1 software using the moving mesh of the LDV engine. As a result of simulation work, the most favorable conditions for carrying out the process were determined, considering the thermodynamic effects of the process and the accepted values of nitrogen oxide concentration. The resulting correlation maps of the sizes of the chamber openings and the fuel doses fed to the prechamber may determine the initial selection of possibilities for controlling hydrogen combustion in the TJI system.
TÜRKİYE’DE ‘GELECEK BEŞERÎ SERMAYE’ OLARAK ÇOCUĞUN DEĞERİNE DAİR BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Sadıkoğlu Zehra Zeynep
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de çocuğun kültürel değerini, beşerî sermayenin artan önemi ve yoğun ebeveynlik ideolojisinin kesişiminde incelemektedir. İlk bölümde beşerî sermaye kavramı tanıtıldıktan sonra, çocuğun beşerî sermayesine yatırımın teşvik mekanizması olarak ‘yoğun ebeveynlik’ tartışılmaktadır. Buna göre birikerek gelişen ve gelecek refahı etkileyen şimdiki zaman faaliyetlerini temsil eden beşerî sermayenin geliştirilmesi fikrinin sadece makro düzeyde değil, psikolojik değeri öne çıkan çocuğa daha fazla zaman, enerji ve finansal kaynak ayırmayı gerektiren ‘yoğun ebeveynlik’ ideolojisinin desteğiyle mikro düzeyde de bulduğu karşılık hem kamu politikasına hem de çocuğun kültürel olarak algılanma biçimine temel oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, 4+4+4 eğitim sistemine geçiş yılı olan 2012-13 eğitim öğretim yılı sonrasında Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) tarafından yayınlanan tanımlayıcı istatistiki veriler üzerinden Türkiye’de çocuğun zaman kullanımındaki değişmeye ve beşerî sermaye göstergelerinden eğitime ayrılan kaynağın niteliğine bakılmaktadır. Çocuk işçiliği oranlarında ve çocuğun hanenin yeniden üretimine katılımındaki düşüşe karşılık hanede ebeveynle amaç odaklı etkinliklerde bulunma ve hobi etkinliklerine katılma eğiliminin yaygınlaştığı, farklı eğitim kademelerinde net okullaşma oranlarının yükseldiği ve eğitim yatırımlarının kamu ve hanehalkının desteğiyle düzenli bir şekilde arttığı gösterilmektedir. Sonuçta, Türkiye’de çocuğun beşerî sermayesi için yararlı olduğu görüşünün, çocuğa atfedilen anlamdaki psikolojikleşmeye eşlik eden ekonomikleşmenin ve çocuğun beşerî sermayeleşmesinin kendine yer bulduğuna işaret edilmektedir.
New Types of Reference Materials in the Field of Ionizing Radiation Measurements
Authors: Shilnikova T. I. , Zhukov G. V. , Epov M. S.
Published: October 2024

In the Russian Federation, obligations to comply with radiation safety apply to all legal entities and individuals whose activities may result in the irradiation of people and the environment. Protection from dangerous ionizing radiation is a combination of legislative, economic and engineering measures. Part of this system is metrological support for the activities of economic entities. The State Verification Schedule for means measuring radionuclide activity flux and flux density of alfa-, beta-particles and photons of radionuclide source has undergone a number of changes. In particular, it establishes the role of reference materials as one of the main means of transferring units of specific activity and activity of radionuclides from the State Primary Standard for the units of radionuclide activity, specific activity of radionuclides, flux of alpha, beta particles and photons of radionuclide sources GET 6–2016 to working standards and measuring instruments. The changes introduced into the State Verification Schedule require the development of new types of reference materials in the field of ionizing radiation. This article raises the main issues of development and approval of reference materials of radionuclide activity based on a mixture of radionuclide solutions and a liquid scintillator. A detailed explanation of the choice of radionuclides is presented, a brief description of the characterization method is given, and metrological characteristics of the developed reference materials are described. The reference materials developed and described in this article act as a new type of working standards in accordance with GOST 8.033-2023. The authors outlined a concept for the further development and application of new types of reference materials in the field of measuring the activity and specific activity of alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides. The new types of reference materials described in the article will fully cover the need for means of verifying devices whose operating principle is based on detecting ionizing radiation using a liquid scintillator.
Force Measurement Standards Up to 1 MN and Above
Authors: Shmigelsky I. Y.
Published: October 2024

The use of force measurements standards ensures testing of load and force sensors designed for measuring and studying large loads in rocket science, nuclear power plant construction, and testing of structural materials. The article provides an overview of the State Primary Standard of force GET 32–2011 of the Russian Federation in the range up to 1 MN, and also analyzes international experience in the field of reproduction of the unit of force with a value above 1 MN. The range of reproduction and composition of loads of the deadweight machine EU-100 from the composition of the State Primary Standard of force GET 32–2011 of the Russian Federation, deadweight machine of the Physical-Technical Federal Institute (PTB, Germany), deadweight machine of the National Institute of Standards and Technologies, deadweight machine of the Fujian Institute for Metrology (FPIM, China) and the deadweight machine of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS, Republic of Korea) were assessed. The article is of scientific and practical interest to specialists in the field of reproduction of the unit of force of large values. The generalized experience can become the basis  for research in the field of improving the standards of force. The review is also addressed to teachers and students of specialized disciplines of higher education.