bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico y perspectivas del sector terciario en las regiones mexicanas
Authors: García Almada Rosa María
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer los potenciales de desarrollo económico en las regiones mexicanas, a partir del análisis de la concentración del producto por trabajador en las diferentes actividades económicas que en conjunto componen el sector terciario, y la distribución de la IED, tanto a nivel sectorial como a nivel espacial. El estudio propone una metodología no tradicional para medir y evaluar la composición estructural de las regiones mexicanas, por medio de herramientas de análisis regional, tales como: índices e indicadores de concentración de la actividad económica y sectorial. Una conclusión preliminar es que la intensificación de las desigualdades regionales, tanto en los niveles económicos agregados como en la distribución de los ingresos personales, se debe a la alta concentración de la actividad productiva en sectores estratégicos, pero con poco arrastre para el resto de entidades que carecen de una estructura económica dinámica.
Complicated Fault Characterization and Its Influence on Shale Gas Preservation in the Southern Margin of the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Fan Cunhui , Xie Hubin , Li Hu , Zhao Shengxian , Shi Xiangchao , Liu Jianfeng , Meng Lifeng , Hu Jun , Lian Chengbo
Published: June 2022

The southern margin of the Sichuan Basin is characterized by strong structural deformation, complex fault structure styles and scales, and multistaged geological evolution stages, which together have created various shale gas preservation conditions. Taking Jianwu (JW)–Luochang (LC)–Shuanglong (SL) synclines as an example, the fault development characteristics and structural styles of the Longmaxi Formation were studied based on fine seismic interpretation and microscopic tests (rock acoustic emission experiments and fracture-filling inclusion tests), and the effects of the fault stage, fault class and scale, and fracture development degree on shale gas preservation conditions were analysed. Basement-involved faults, detachment faults, and intraformational microfaults are mainly developed from southeast to northwest. These fault structural types have affected the JW Syncline in the southeastern part, where faults are developed from the bottom of the Cambrian to the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation and from the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation to the Permian (Triassic). The SL-LC region in the northwestern part is dominated by the faults from the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation to the Permian (Triassic). This region is dominated by NE-trending main control faults, supplemented by NW-trending, approximately EW-trending, SN-trending, and other small-scale regulating faults. Fault development can be divided into three stages, corresponding to the early, middle, and late Himalayan tectonic movements. In the early stage, a few small-scale approximately EW-trending faults had little impact on shale gas preservation. In the intermediate stage, the large number of large-scale NE-trending main control faults significantly impacted shale gas preservation. The JW Syncline mainly developed three types of faults with a high-filling degree, weak upwards penetration, and small-scale relevant fractures, which together created favourable conditions for shale gas preservation. The western and northern parts are dominated by I and II faults with large structural deformation, a low-filling degree, a large-scale, and strong penetration of related fractures, which have created unfavourable conditions for shale gas preservation. During the late stage, approximately SN- and NW-trending strike-slip reverse faults developed, and strong shear and fracture zones formed near the faults, producing unfavourable conditions for shale gas preservation. This research has clarified the characterization method of fault characteristics and stages and has established the influence of complex faults on shale gas preservation, which has an important reference value for the exploration and evaluation of shale gas reserves in complex tectonic regions.
Seric IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 pre- and post- Covid-19 pandemic from Mexican asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Aguirre-Cruz Lucinda , Guzmán-García Martín , Acosta-Castillo Isaac , De la Cruz-Aguilera Dora L , Landero-Isidro Isabel , Pérez-González Juana P. , Chávez-Duarte Jaqueline , Leyva-Rendón Adolfo
Published: June 2022

Objective. To detect serum IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 in pre-and post- Covid-19 pandemic in Mexican asymptomatic subjects in order to know the degree of viral dispersion. Materials and methods. Association of serum IgG antibodies (determined by ELISA) to sociodemographic and clinical data or contact with Covid-19 cases in three groups of subjects: 1) Covid-19 pre-pandemic blood donors (n= 538); 2) Covid-19 post-pandemic blood donors (n= 243); 3) Covid-19 post-pandemic neurological patients (n= 312). None of the subjects studied had been vaccinated. Results. The positive rate of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 was notably higher in participants recruited during the pandemic (donors, 29.6%; neurological patients, 15.7%) than in those recruited pre-pan­demic (donors 0.6%) (p <0.001). Other conditions associated to antibody positivity were being a worker in sales or services, or having had previous contact with people with Covid-19, for donnors and neurological patients, and having diabetes mellitus, for neurological patients. Higher positivity levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were found in females than in males. The highest proportion of subjects with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found in central Mexico. Conclusions. The dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic, unvaccinated subjects (donors and neurological patients) recruited in a Mexican health institution, who work in sales or services or had previously had contact with Covid-19 patients is 16 to 30%. The level of positivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is higher in females than in males. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropreva­lence follow-up studies must be favored among the general population, being mandatory for donors.
Plataforma CLIMSS como herramienta de alfabetización en salud durante la crisis sanitaria de Covid-19
Authors: Rosas-Magallanes Cynthia , Basto-Abreu Ana , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Ramírez-Martínez José Luis , Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela , Gutiérrez-Díaz Héctor Osiris , Magaña-Valladares Laura , Barros-Sierra Cordera David , Santamaría-Guasch Carmen María , Hernández-Ávila Mauricio
Published: June 2022

Objetivo. Describir a la plataforma Cursos en Línea Masivos del IMSS (CLIMSS) como herramienta de alfabetización en salud, a través de la evaluación de la eficiencia terminal, la ganancia de competencias y satisfacción de los usuarios de cursos en línea masivos en el tema de Covid-19. Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de 20 cursos ofertados entre marzo y octubre de 2020. Se evaluaron las calificaciones pre y pos, el número total de registros, el total de cursos terminados y la satisfacción del usuario. Resultados. Se registraron un total de 4.9 millones de usuarios y 10 millo­nes de inscripciones, en todos los estados de la República mexicana, con una eficiencia terminal de 85%, una ganancia de competencias de 30% y una satisfacción de 9.34 (10). Conclusiones. La plataforma CLIMSS ha mostrado ser una herramienta para la alfabetización en salud con un alcance de millones de mexicanos en temas relacionados con la crisis sanitaria Covid-19.
Crisis de casos de cáncer de mama detectados en tamizaje durante el segundo año de la pandemia en el Incan
Authors: Sollozo-Dupont Isabel , Villaseñor-Navarro Yolanda
Published: June 2022

No disponible
An Image-based Gradation Calculation Method Considering Crushed Stone Morphology
Authors: Jiang Chong , Ding Xin , Pang Li , Deng Liang , Shi Zexiong
Published: June 2022

An image-based gradation calculation method considering crushed stone morphology is proposed in this paper. Eight kinds of crushed stones are prepared to figure out the effect of the particle shape on the gradation. All particles are pictured and the photos are processed to obtain particle shape indices by using the image-based method. A minimum Feret diameter analysis method is used, which can reflect the influence of the particle shape. Then the paper proposes a developed overall regularity to describe the morphology of particles, which is calculated by the weight of three shape indices: aspect ratio, convexity and sphericity. The developed overall regularity is applied on gradation curve equations to provide an image-based gradation calculation method. And the provided method is validated to well fit the actual case. Furthermore, the method is also applied on two examples of gradation designation and the result proves to be feasible and practicable.
Actue Isolated Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion Secondary to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Case Report
Authors: DING YUHUA , YAO BANGTAO , MENG HAOYU , WANG FEI
Published: June 2022

Background: Actue isolated cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO) is a very rare, urgent ocular disease, which characterized by well-defined retinal infarct in the region of the occlusive cilioretinal artery sparing the central retinal artery. The aim of this article is to describe in detailed regarding the acute isolated CLRAO in a Chinese man related to a complicated therapeutic percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Case presentation: A 68-year-old Chinese man presented with a sudden, sharp chest pain that had commenced 2 days prior. He had coronary atherosclerotic heart disease for decades. Coronary angiography showed severe stenosis of the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending coronary artery. Then he was treated with PCI. However, the patient complained of a sudden decrease in visual acuity in the right eye following the PCI. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand motion in the right eye. Funduscopic examination revealed retinal infarct, retinal oedema, and cotton-wool spots in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) showed the decreased flow sign in the superficial and deep retinal layers. Based on the findings, the patient was diagnosed with acute isolated CLRAO definitely.Conclusions: This is the first report to put forward an impressive and detailed description of acute isolated CLRAO secondary to a complicated therapeutic PCI. The visual prognosis of untreated and delayed patients was poor. Suitable management and prevention is essential for the interventional cardiologist to prevent the complications.
Pregnancy risks and contraceptive use among postpartum mothers in Cameroon: Implications for improving the coverage of postpartum family planning services
Authors: Fotso Jean Christophe , Cleland John G , Ngamby Marquise Kouo , Baye Martina Lukong , Olaïtan Elihouh Adje
Published: June 2022

Background
The health hazards of short inter-birth intervals are severe in Cameroon. One-quarter of inter-birth intervals are less than 24 months and the probability of death before age 5 for children born after a short interval is double that associated with intervals of 36-47 months. We examine the risk of an unintended pregnancy in the 18 months following childbirth in Cameroon, taking into account the protective effects of lactational amenorrhea, delayed resumption of sex as well as contraceptive use.
Methods
Data from 3,007 postpartum women in the nationally representative 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Survey were used. Risk of an unintended pregnancy was defined from current status information on resumption of sex and menses, contraceptive use, desire for another child within 12 months, and, for the minority of pregnant women, whether the conception was intended. Predictors of risk, and of modern method use, were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
In the first 6 postpartum months, only 8% of women were fully at risk (i.e., sex and menses resumed but no contraceptive use), rising to 24% at 6-11 postpartum months, and further to 30% at months 12-17. Though 89% wanted to delay the next birth by at least one year, only 17% were currently using a modern method. Menstruating women were much more likely to be users than amenorrheic women: 27% versus 15% at months 12-17 postpartum. Urban and better educated women recorded higher contraceptive use but lower protection from other factors than rural, less educated women, with the net result that risk differed little across these population strata. Uptake of maternal and child health (MCH) services was high but only one-third of women had discussed family planning at a facility visit during the preceding 12 months.
Conclusions
These results underscore the need for improved postpartum family planning services by means of closer integration with mainstream health services. In view of evidence from other sources of heavy workload and weak motivation of health staff, this will require strong leadership. A related priority is to increase the number of staff trained in provision of long-acting methods, such as implants.
An algebraic analysis of similarity in monadic monoidal t-norm based predicate logic
Authors: Wang Jun Tao , Fu Xuesong , Kang Mengna
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we introduce the notion of similarity monadic MTL-algebras and study some of their related basic algebraic properties. Then we introduce and investigate similarity monadic filters of similarity monadic MTL-algebras. In particular, by means of similarity monadic filters, we give some characterizations of representable similarity monadic MTL-algebras. Finally, we introduce the logic of similarity monadic MTL-algebras and prove the soundness and completeness of them.2010 MSC: 06D35, 06B99
Traceability of heavy metals and their effects on the species diversity of plant communities in Caizi Lake wetland, China
Authors: Sun Huiqun , Zheng Zhangying , Chen Shuqin , Cao Jingjing , Guo Mengxin , Han Yi
Published: June 2022

This study assessed the effects of heavy metals on plant community species diversity in the restoration and reconstruction area of Xinjian Dyke in Caizi Lake National Wetland Park. Using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, principal component analysis (PCA), regression, and correlation analysis, our study determined that the main sources of soil heavy metals in the study area were organic fertilizer, transportation and agricultural activities, and natural sources. Hg, Cd, Zn, As, Cr, and Cu were the main heavy metals in the study site. The Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Simpson indices were used to evaluate plant diversity. Our findings indicated that Hg was not significantly correlated with any of the three indices, Cr and As were positively correlated with the indices, and Cd and Zn were negatively correlated with the indices. Furthermore, Cu was positively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices, and negatively correlated with the Margalef index. These findings indicated that the uniformity of the individual distribution among species was an important factor of community diversity, and the differences in the community diversity indices were related to the heavy metals in the soil . To improve the difference and functional complementarity between coexisting individuals, single superior species must be avoided and niche differentiation must be maintained as much as possible. Soil pH value, SOM, and other conditions should be improved to inhibit the migration and diffusion of heavy metals, improve their bioavailability, and give priority to local pioneer plants instead of functional redundant species.
Application of developmental anatomy in laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision for right-sided colon cancer
Authors: Li Kai , Cao Fengyu , He Xiaobo , Zheng Yongbin
Published: June 2022

Development of the midgut is characterized by rapid elongation of the gut and its mesentery, resulting in the formation of the primary intestinal loop, which rotates around an axis formed by the superior mesenteric artery. Eventually, a complex twisted intestinal and mesenteric anatomy is formed by displacement, rotation, and fusion. Therefore, we theoretically believed that the colon and its mesentery should be restored to the simple primitive mesenteric state, and then en bloc resection could be better performed. In the present study, we introduced a surgical technique for laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) based on the concept of developmental anatomy (DA group), which was successfully performed on 65 patients with right-sided colon cancer. As a control, traditional laparoscopic CME surgery (CME group) was also performed on 65 patients with right-sided colon cancer by the same surgical team at the same time period. Compare with the CME group, patients in the DA group presented with the less blood loss (20.3 ± 10.4 ml vs 34.6 ± 22.2 ml, p < 0.001), the shorter hospital day (6.4 ± 2.2 days vs 7.5 ± 2.2 days, p = 0.007), and the higher lymph node lymph node harvested (48.3 ± 12.7 vs 33.0 ± 11.2, p < 0.001), whereas the oncologic outcomes at 12 months follow-up did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the surgical procedure of CME based on the concept of developmental anatomy is technically safe and feasible for right-sided colon cancer.
The Inactivation Gates of BsYetJ Calcium Channel Revealed in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Environment
Authors: Lan Yu-Jing , Cheng Chu-Chun , Chu Shu-Chi , Chen Hung-Ying , Li Chieh-Chin , Kao Te-Yu , Chiang Yun-Wei
Published: June 2022

The transmembrane BAX inhibitor-1-containing motif 6 (TMBIM6) is an anti-apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein. The suppression of apoptosis by TMBIM6 is linked to its role in regulating calcium homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the calcium regulation in the ER remain poorly understood. Using mutagenesis and fluorescence-based functional assays, this study investigates all the highly conserved negatively charged residues in the BsYetJ (a bacterial homolog of TMBIM6) and reveals that the charged residues E49 and R205 cooperatively act as a major calcium-selectivity filter determining the channel conductance. This study identifies the conformations of BsYetJ in the ER environment using electron spin resonance and molecular dynamics. Together with the functional data, we propose a mechanism, composed of two selectivity filters, for the calcium-dependent inactivation of BsYetJ observed in the ER environment. Overall, this study provides a framework for understanding the non-canonical calcium gated membrane protein, which will facilitate structure-based development of more effective medications for TMBIM6.
A novel obtaining method and mesoscopic mechanism of pseudo shear strength parameter evolution of sandstone
Authors: Shi Hao , Chen Wenlong , Song Lei , Zhang Houquan
Published: June 2022

The pre-peak microstructure evolution of the material is crucial in determining the strength and failure scheme of the material, but is not captured by the existing shear strength parameters models which focus on post-peak stage information. Novel concepts of pseudo cohesion and pseudo internal friction angle that account for both the pre-peak and post-peak stage information were proposed in this study, based on the experimentally observed response of the rock mechanics parameters to an external load (the maximum principal stress). These two parameters were analytically derived as functions of maximum principal strain, with coefficients to be determined (i.e. by applying the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with these parameters to experimental data). The dependence of pseudo cohesion and pseudo internal friction angle on the axial strain and confining pressure were investigated. The evolution of the strength parameters was found to relate to the propagation of micro crack developed in the loading process, as revealed by PFC 2D simulations reproducing experiments. The results show that (1) analytical model characterizing the pseudo cohesion and internal friction angle as the quadratic function of axial strain accurately reflects the mechanical response characteristics of the specimen; (2) before the residual stage, the pseudo cohesion first increases and then decreases with increasing strain, while the pseudo internal friction angle increases continuously; (3) for the sandstone specimens studied, the pseudo cohesion at the peak stress increases by a gradually decreasing rate with increasing confining pressure, while the pseudo internal friction angle at the peak stress decreases by a decreasing rate with the increasing confining pressure; (4) CPM well characterized the mechanical properties of rock under multiple confining pressures, as the total stress-strain curves and failure modes of numerical specimens reproduced the experimental results; (5) the evolution of rock pseudo shear strength parameters is closely related to the external load and the generation, propagation and penetration process of rock cracks. The rock pseudo shear strength parameters are gradually mobilize d with the increasing load, and the propagating of cracks owing to the decrease of mobilizable maximum cohesion and the increase of mobilizable maximum internal friction angle.
Source-to-sink process and risk assessment of heavy metals for the surface sediment in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Wang Yuming , Wang Yukun , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Lidan
Published: June 2022

Heavy metals input from the coastal urbanization and industrialization and the potential ecological risks have been a great concern in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). Our results showed that the NSCS surface sediments are characterized by sand, silt and sandy silt. CaO and Sr were fixed in the fine-grained biogenic calcareous debris. Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ba and REE were least contaminated and are mainly of felsic crustal origin with the supply largely from the Han and Pearl estuaries in the Eastern and Western NSCS. The enrichment in Cu-Pb-Zn might source from both natural and anthropogenic inputs and their contamination was generally at a low-risk level. As-Cd accumulation is mainly from anthropogenic provenance via the aerosols precipitation. The anthropogenic As-Cd (or Pb) contamination along the Eastern Coastal Guangdong resulted from the industrial and urbanized discharge, but from the agricultural and aquafarming activities along the Moyang Estuary-Eastern Coastal Hainan.
Baseline cerebral structural morphology predict freezing of gait in early drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wei Xinhua , Li Yuting , Huang Xiaofei , xiuhang ruan , Duan Dingna , Zhang Yihe , Yu Shaode , Chen Amei , Wang Zhaoxiu , Zou Yujian , Xia Mingrui
Published: June 2022

Recent neuroimaging evidence of morphological alterations in early Parkinson’s disease (PD) is heterogeneous. Moreover, predictors of freezing of gait (FOG) in early PD are limited. We aimed to investigate alterations in cerebral morphology in early PD and develop a model that could predict the occurrence of FOG at the individual level using machine learning with clinical, laboratory and cerebral structural imaging information of early drug-naïve PD. Data from 73 healthy controls (HCs) and 158 early drug-naïve PD patients at baseline were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort. The CIVET pipeline was used to generate structural morphological features with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). Five machine learning algorithms were calculated to assess the predictive performance of future FOG in early PD during a five-year follow-up period. We found that the bilateral olfactory cortex (OLF) showed a significantly higher surface area in PD patients than in HCs. Models trained with structural morphological features showed fair to good performance (accuracy range, 0.67–0.73). Performance improved when models were trained with structural morphological, clinical and laboratory features (accuracy range, 0.71–0.78). For machine learning algorithms, elastic net-support vector machine models (accuracy range, 0.69–0.78) performed the best. The main features used to predict FOG based on elastic net-support vector machine models were the left lingual gyrus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri and left angular gyrus. Overall, we found that the OLF exhibits predominantly cortical expansion in early PD. T1WI morphometric markers help predict future FOG in patients with early drug-naïve PD at an individual level.
Natural Products as Mcl-1 Inhibitors: A Comparative Study of Experimental and Computational Modelling Data
Authors: Negi Arvind , Murphy Paul
Published: June 2022

The human myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (hMcl-1) is an antiapoptotic multi-partner protein, belongs to the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins. Studies link its alleviated expression with resistance to hemopoietic chemotherapeutics, which makes it a key drug target in blood cancers. However, as hMcl-1 shares homology across its functional domains with other members of the Bcl-2 family (especially Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), identifying selective inhibitors with preferential hMcl-1 affinity through structure-based or fragment-based inhibitor design is challenging. Furthermore, most of the developed small-to-medium-sized hMcl-1 inhibitors so far, which are promising and some are in clinical development, are plagued with similar off-target toxicities. To improve the medicinal chemistry aspects of hMcl-1 inhibitor design, especially exploring a suitable scaffold with pharmacophoric features, we focused on natural hMcl-1 inhibitors. To date, seven classes of natural compounds have been isolated, which display a low micromolar affinity for hMcl-1and, have limited biophysical studies. Based on the nature of the co-crystal ligand, species-origin of Mcl-1 protein, and repetition of similar co-crystal ligands, we identified nine co-crystal structures of hMcl-1 protein (Table 1), which were evaluated by multiple receptor conformations (MRC) and multiple ligand conformations (MLC) methods. The MRC approach (Table 2) indicates the difference between hMcl-1 in crystal structures are low (RMSD values between 0.52 to 1.13 Å), average RMSD (0.638–0.888 Å) with standard deviation of 0.102–0.185Å. The MLC approach (Table 3) using nine hMcl-1 crystal structures led to selection of PDB structure 3WIX (RMSD value = 0.879 Å; standard deviation 0.116 Å) to accommodate various Mcl-1 ligands from a range of co-crystal pdb files. Later, the adopted three docking methods were assessed for their ability to reproduce the conformation bound to the crystal as well as predict trends in Ki values based on calculated RMSD and docking energies (Table 4). Iterative docking and clustering of the docked pose within ≤ 1.0 Å was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the adopted docking methods (Table 5). Then, a screening of reported natural products as preferential Mcl-1 inhibitors using these methods and, attained scores were compared with their experimentally determined hMcl-1 affinity data (Table 6).
A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Rapid On-site Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus PCR Testing in Paediatric and Adult Populations
Authors: Bibby Helen L. , de Koning Lawrence , Seiden-Long Isolde , Zelyas Nathan , Church Deirdre L. , Berenger Byron M.
Published: June 2022

Background Rapid/point-of-care respiratory virus nucleic acid tests (NAT) may improve oseltamivir utilization and decrease length of stay (LOS) in hospital. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCT) on this topic have not used standard procedures of an accredited healthcare and laboratory system. MethodsWe conducted a parallel RCT at two hospitals (paediatric = Alberta Children’s Hospital [ACH]; primarily adult = Peter Lougheed Centre [PLC]). Patients with a respiratory viral testing order were randomized to testing at either a central accredited laboratory (standard arm) or with a rapid polymerase chain reaction test at an on-site accredited laboratory followed by standard testing (rapid on-site test [ROST] arm) based on day of specimen receipt at the laboratory. Patients and clinicians were blinded to assignment. The primary outcome for ACH was inpatient LOS and for PLC was the proportion of inpatients prescribed oseltamivir. Results 706 patient encounters were included at ACH; 322 assigned to ROST (181 inpatients) and 384 to the standard arm (194 inpatients). 422 patient encounters were included at PLC; 200 assigned to ROST (157 inpatients) and 222 to the standard arm (175 inpatients).The LOS at ACH was not significantly different between the ROST and standard arms (median 4.05 days (SEM 1.79-18.2) vs 4.89 days (2.07-22.9), p=0.062, respectively). The rate of oseltamivir prescription and number of doses given was reduced in PLC inpatients negative for influenza in the ROST arm compared to standard arm (mean 14.8% (95% CI 9.80-21.8) vs. 27.5% (21.0-35.2), p=0.0093; mean 2.85 doses (SEM 2.39-3.32) vs. 4.17 doses (3.85-4.49) p=0.022, respectively). ROST also significantly reduced oseltamivir use at ACH, reduced chest radiographs (ACH) and laboratory test ordering (PLC), but not antibiotic prescriptions. No adverse events were reported. ConclusionsIn a RCT representing implementation of ROST in an accredited laboratory system, we found that a ROST improved oseltamivir utilization and is the first RCT to show reduced ancillary testing in both paediatric and adult populations. A larger study is required to assess reduction in paediatric LOS as ACH was underpowered. These findings help justify the implementation of rapid on-site respiratory virus testing for inpatients. Trial Registration: ISRCTN10110119, Retrospectively Registered, 01/12/2021.
Sugar and Salt Concentration Detection in Water Employing ENZ Metamaterial Microwave Sensor
Authors: El-Nady Shaza , Afifi Asmaa , Ahmed Anwer
Published: June 2022

A design of high sensitivity Vivaldi antenna is introduced for detecting the low sugar and salt concentrations in water. The reason for selecting the Vivaldi antenna configuration is to provide two desired features; ultra-wideband and a high directivity so the surrounding clutter effect can be minimized. The prospective antenna embraces the ultra-wideband (UWB) from 4 GHz to 11 GHz. Two techniques are exploited to improve the antenna detectability; epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial and antenna aperture amending. The ENZ metamaterial is very sensitive to the permittivity of the substrate, so any loading effect can easily alter the electric field distribution and hence affect the antenna phase properties. The high sensitivity can be increased by operating at a higher frequency. The aperture amending is used to improve substrate-air matching. An equivalent circuit model is scrutinized for further emphasis of the ENZ metamaterial operation, showing good agreement with EM simulation results. In terms of phase variation, the designed antenna is employed to sense sugar and salt in water. The amount of sugar and salt affects the material characteristics of the solution and, as a result, the reflected phases. Practical observations reveal that when the sugar and salt contents in the liquid increase, the phase falls. The simulation and measurement results of a fabricated prototype have good agreement. The time-domain analysis is discussed, revealing low distortion of received pulses.
Do you take off your mask correctly?a survey study during large-scale COVID-19 nucleic acid detection in China
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Zhang Yiqing , Wang Zhengzheng
Published: June 2022

Background: Guidelines and recommendations from public health authorities related to face masks have been essential for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the behavioral differences and correlates of mask usage, mainly mask removal.Methods: We examined public mask-wearing behavior during on-site COVID-19 nucleic acid detection. We examined 1180 responses to a cross-sectional survey by NingBo of China, completed from April 8 to April 12, 2022. The outcome was face mask usage in public settings and hand hygiene. Descriptive statistics were used to assess public mask-wearing behaviors. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors affecting mask-wearing behavior and hand hygiene.Results: We analyzed data from 1180 participants; 73.2% demonstrated good knowledge regarding face mask use. However, only 53.7% know the correct way to remove a mask; 70.3% maintain hand hygiene after touching the outside of the mask. Health prevention knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 6.60, 95% confidential interval [CI] = 4.79–9.08, p＜0.001; OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.79–3.13, p＜0.001) and free face mask distribution (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.94, p = 0.017; OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.37–0.64, p＜0.001) predicted health prevention behavior (removal during nucleic acid sampling and hand hygiene after touching the outside of the mask).Conclusions: Most participants used masks during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, mask removal and hand hygiene when touching the outside of the mask were neglected. More attention needs to be paid to details of mask removal and hand hygiene. Local health authorities should consider introducing free distribution of masks.
Mechanism underlying the impact of perception time on detection and recognition distance: New insights into bicycle safety
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Aya Kojima , Teppei Kato , Hisashi Kubota
Published: June 2022

Perception time (PT) is a major factor affecting a driver’s ability to detect and recognize a bicycle. Researchers have attempted to enhance the PT and gain insights into why drivers fail to see bicyclists before collisions despite looking, even when they are at a safe driving distance from the bicycle. Previous studies have focused on the detection distance and recognition distance of bicycles within 600 milliseconds (ms). PT is the main factor for avoiding collisions; however, it has been shown that a control bicycle as well as treated bicycles can be detected from greater distances. This study aims to evaluate the early detection and recognition of bicycles owing to the impact of conspicuity treatments such as white stripes on a red background (WRED), a high-visibility jacket (HVJ), reflective tape (RT), and their combinations in order to achieve longer detection and recognition distances under day/night conditions. The detection and recognition distances of WRED tire treatment were compared with those of an HVJ, RT, and their combinations, based on PTs of 250 and 600 ms. The same treatments were applied and compared at the required PT for the safe driving distance of a bicycle. The respondents provided their perceptions based on video surveillance data presented on a computer screen. The detection and recognition distance of WRED treatment combined with an HVJ was significantly greater under all conditions except twilight with car headlights and nighttime with car headlights for a PT of 600 ms. Furthermore, for this combination, the PT was significantly shorter under all conditions except nighttime with car headlights. The effects of gentle self-signaling of a bicycle via the combination of WRED treatment and an HVJ can reduce the PT for detecting a bicycle and increase the detection and recognition distance under all lighting conditions. Passive safety measures based on these results can support drivers, who might otherwise look but fail to see bicyclists in time. In summary, the combination of WRED treatment with an HVJ is strongly recommended to achieve cost-effective self-signaling of a bicycle.
Hippeastrum hybridum assisted bioreduction of Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate: Multifaced application
Authors: Sher Naila , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology is concerned with the production of nanoparticles (NPs) with restricted sizes and shapes through facile, straightforward, and medicinally active phytochemical routes. This study aims to develop an easy and justifiable method for the synthesis of Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) induced gold NPs (HH-AuNPs) and then to investigate the effects of these NPs as a free radical scavenger, an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase (α-amylase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). UV-Vis spectrum at 576 nm with maximum absorbance at 1.96 confirmed the HH-AuNPs formation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) conforms to the peaks for the functional groups of HH extract and on the surface of HH-AuNPs that are involved in the synthesis and stability of the HH-AuNPs. The average size of 10.72 nm was calculated using four major peaks 38.02°, 44.29°, 64.37°, and 77.58° of X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of spherical shaped, monodispersed, and huge density HH-AuNPs with an average size of 30 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the intense sharp peak at 3.1 keV showing that Au was the main element (48.08%). The HH-AuNPs showed an excellent inhibitory efficacy against free radicals, α-amylase, and AChE as compared to HH extract and HAuCl4.3H2O salt. Our results suggest that HH-AuNPs exhibited significant antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and antialzheime activities in a concentration-dependent manner as compared to HAuCl4.3H2O and plant extract. However, further investigations are recommended to be able to minimize potential risks of application.
Assessing the structure and interaction of sustainable Bio – Composite Films Prepared form deamidated Rice Bran Protein
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Hamed , Zein Ragaa , Osman Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Rice bran protein (RBP) was utilized to prepare bio-composite films after deamidation modification process with deferent percentages. The physical, mechanical properties, exposure to light properties, FT-IR analysis, surface shape by SEM, thermal stability by DSC and X-ray diffraction were applied to study the potential interaction, structure and stabilizing the thermal property of the prepared films. The deamidation process has proven successfully, depending on the cleared changes of shapes of FT-IR curves resulting from RBP compared with deamidated rice bran protein (DRBP). The deamidation process enhanced tensile strength, elongation at break, haze, transparency, gloss and opacity properties of produced films from DRBP. Additionally, the produced films from DRBP showed smooth and homogenous surface with increasement of thickness, solubility and decrement of water vapor permeability and crystallinity compared with films from RBP.
Stress-assisted corrosion behaviour of GH3535 alloy in FLiNaK molten salt environment
Authors: Xu Youwei , Gu Yufen , Zhang Wenzhu , Shi Yu , Volodymyr Korzhyk Korzhyk
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the microstructure evolution and corrosion characteristics of GH3535 alloy under working stress in a molten salt environment. Selective diffusion of Cr at the grain boundaries (GBs) of the GH3535 alloy degraded the properties of the GBs, making them preferred locations for corrosion crack invasion. Stress further promoted Cr diffusion and accelerated GB carbide precipitation, thereby forming a corrosion couple between the carbide and matrix that facilitated the expansion of intergranular corrosion cracks into the grains. This study could assist in developing structural materials, such as the GH3535 alloy, that are resistant to molten salt systems for expanded applications.
Glutamatergic neurons in the lateral periaqueductal gray mediate wakefulness and REM sleep through different pathways
Authors: Wang Yi-Qun , Li Lei , Jiang Jian-Bo , Arthaud Sebastien , Luppi Pierre-Hervé , Huang Zhi-Li
Published: June 2022

The lateral periaqueductal gray (LPAG) is essential for coordinating active and passive defensive behaviors which rely on heightened arousal, but its impact on sleep–wake regulation remains unknown. Here, by using targeted recombination in active populations transgenic mouse tool along with neuroanatomical approaches, we first show that two different populations of glutamatergic neurons are activated during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the LPAG. Fiber photometry showed that most LPAG vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) neurons are preferentially active during wakefulness. Chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of LPAGVglut2 neurons strongly enhanced arousal associated with immobility. The wakefulness- and immobility-promoting effects of LPAGVglut2 neurons are mediated by their projections to the locus coeruleus and ventral gigantocellular reticular nucleus, as supported by optogenetic manipulations. In contrast, chemogenetic inhibition of LPAGVglut2 neurons reduced REM sleep and increased non-REM sleep. Most LPAG neurons activated during REM sleep hypersomnia and showed descending projections to the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. These findings revealed that two different LPAGVglut2 populations of neurons and circuits induce wakefulness associated with immobility and REM sleep.
Real-world evidence of switching P2Y12 receptor–inhibiting therapies to prasugrel after PCI in patients with ACS: results from EFF-K registry
Authors: Kang Jeehoon , Han Jung-Kyu , Yang Han-Mo , Park Kyung Woo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Choo Eun Ho , Lee Jong-Young , Park Sang-Don , Lim Young-Hyo , Kim Hyung-Min , Heo Ji-Hyun , Kim Hyo-Soo
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPotent P2Y12 inhibitors are recommended for up to 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prescription pattern is diverse in real world practice, which includes various switching between antiplatelet regimens. In this study, we analyzed the prescription patterns of prasugrel, and assessed the safety and effectiveness of P2Y12 inhibitors switching patterns in a real world registry of patients subjected to PCI after ACS.Methods The EFF-K study included 3,077 ACS patients receiving prasugrel-based dual antiplatelet therapy. The cohort was divided into those who were administered with prasugrel as the primary antiplatelet treatment (naïve cohort) or as a substitute agent after clopidogrel or ticagrelor pre-treatment (switch cohort). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; a composite cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and TIMI major bleeding).ResultsA total of 3,077 patients diagnosed with ACS were included in the analysis. Among the total population, 726 patients (23.6%) were classed as the naïve cohort and 2,351 patients (76.4%) as the switch cohort. Baseline characteristics showed that the switch cohort had more comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and previous PCI. The major cause of switching to prasugrel in the switch cohort was the necessity for a more potent antiplatelet agent (56.3%). During a 12-month follow-up period, 55 patients (1.8%) experienced at least one MACCE. The incidence of MACCE did not differ between the naïve and switch cohort (1.7% vs. 1.8%, Hazard ratio 1.14, 95% Confidence interval 0.56-2.30, P=0.723). In subgroup analysis, no significant interaction was observed between the treatment strategy and the incidence of MACCE across various subgroups.ConclusionsDual antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel seems to be safe and effective both as a primary treatment and as a substitute for other P2Y12 inhibitors in a real world registry of Asian ACS patients receiving PCI.Trial registrationKCT0002356, registered June 13, 2017.
How Soil And Climate Variability Within a Vineyard can Favor Heterogeneity of the Grapevine Vigor and Production.
Authors: Pereyra Gustavo , Pellegrino Anne , Ferrer Milka , Gaudin Remi
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Predicting a decrease in left atrial appendage flow velocity using left atrial diameter and CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Li Guangyu , Hu Feng , Zang Minhua , Pu Jun
Published: June 2022

Background
Left atrial (LA) appendage flow velocity (LAAFV) is a classic but invasive predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to explore the usefulness of LA diameter (LAD) and CHA2DS2-VASc score, which are easily available and non-invasive, as alternatives for predicting a decrease in LAAFV in non-valvular AF (NVAF).
Methods
In total, 716 consecutive NVAF patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were divided into the decreased LAAFV (< 0.4 m/s) and preserved LAAFV (≥ 0.4 m/s) groups.
Results
The decreased LAAFV group had a larger LAD and a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score than the preserved LAAFV group (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression indicated that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration, persistent AF, LAD, and CHA2DS2-VASc score were remained inversely associated with LAAFV. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression revealed that BNP concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.005, P = 0.003), persistent AF (OR: 0.159, 95% CI: 0.102–0.247, P < 0.001), and LAD (OR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.049–1.149, P < 0.001) were independent factors for a decrease in LAAFV. The area under the curve (AUC) when predicting a decrease in LAAFV using LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score was 0.774 and 0.689, respectively. A model combining LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly improved discrimination (AUC = 0.798).
Conclusions
LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score alone were of modest value, but the combined model of LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score may better predict a decrease in LAAFV as a surrogate for cardioembolic risk in NVAF patients.
Observation of polarization-maintaining near-field directionality
Authors: Lin Xiao , Cai Tong , Zhong Yuhan , Wang ZanYang , Wang Dengpan , Yang Yi , Chen Hongsheng
Published: June 2022

Directional and highly-efficient excitation of guided waves is closely related to the on-chip information processing and is of fundamental importance to plasmonics, nanophotonics, and chiral quantum optics. However, during the directional coupling between propagating waves and guided waves, there is a loss of information about the incident polarization state. It remains elusive and challenging to preserve the incident polarization information in the near-field directionality. Here we experimentally demonstrate polarization-maintaining and polarization-dependent near-field directionality by exploiting a reflection-free, anisotropic, and gradient metasurface. The s- and p- polarized guided waves are excited only by the s- and p-polarized components of incident waves, respectively, and they propagate predominantly to opposite designated directions. Remarkably, the measured coupling efficiency between propagating waves and guided waves exceeds 85% for arbitrary incident polarization states. Our work thus reveals a promising route to directly and efficiently convert the polarization-encoded photon qubits to polarization-encoded guided waves, a process that is highly sought after in the context of optical network and plasmonic circuitry.