bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are We There Yet? Human Factors Knowledge and Health Information Technology – the Challenges of Implementation and Impact
Authors: Turner P. , Kushniruk A. , Nohr C.
Published: September 2017

Objective: To review the developments in human factors (HF) research on the challenges of health information technology (HIT) implementation and impact given the continuing incidence of usability problems and unintended consequences from HIT development and use.

Methods: A search of PubMed/Medline and Web of Science® identified HF research published in 2015 and 2016. Electronic health records (EHRs) and patient-centred HIT emerged as significant foci of recent HF research. The authors selected prominent papers highlighting ongoing HF and usability challenges in these areas. This selective rather than systematic review of recent HF research highlights these key challenges and reflects on their implications on the future impact of HF research on HIT.

Results: Research provides evidence of continued poor design, implementation, and usability of HIT, as well as technology-induced errors and unintended consequences. The paper highlights support for: (i) strengthening the evidence base on the benefits of HF approaches; (ii) improving knowledge translation in the implementation of HF approaches during HIT design, implementation, and evaluation; (iii) increasing transparency, governance, and enforcement of HF best practices at all stages of the HIT system development life cycle.

Discussion and Conclusion: HF and usability approaches are yet to become embedded as integral components of HIT development, implementation, and impact assessment. As HIT becomes ever-more pervasive including with patients as end-users, there is a need to expand our conceptualisation of the problems to be addressed and the suite of tactics and strategies to be used to calibrate our pro-active involvement in its improvement.
Clinical Research Informatics: Supporting the Research Study Lifecycle
Authors: Johnson S. B.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: The primary goal of this review is to summarize significant developments in the field of Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) over the years 2015-2016. The secondary goal is to contribute to a deeper understanding of CRI as a field, through the development of a strategy for searching and classifying CRI publications.

Methods: A search strategy was developed to query the PubMed database, using medical subject headings to both select and exclude articles, and filtering publications by date and other characteristics. A manual review classified publications using stages in the “research study lifecycle”, with key stages that include study definition, participant enrollment, data management, data analysis, and results dissemination.

Results: The search strategy generated 510 publications. The manual classification identified 125 publications as relevant to CRI, which were classified into seven different stages of the research lifecycle, and one additional class that pertained to multiple stages, referring to general infrastructure or standards. Important cross-cutting themes included new applications of electronic media (Internet, social media, mobile devices), standardization of data and procedures, and increased automation through the use of data mining and big data methods.

Conclusions: The review revealed increased interest and support for CRI in large-scale projects across institutions, regionally, nationally, and internationally. A search strategy based on medical subject headings can find many relevant papers, but a large number of non-relevant papers need to be detected using text words which pertain to closely related fields such as computational statistics and clinical informatics. The research lifecycle was useful as a classification scheme by highlighting the relevance to the users of clinical research informatics solutions.
An Assessment of Imaging Informatics for Precision Medicine in Cancer
Authors: Chennubhotla C. , Clarke L. P. , Fedorov A. , Foran D. , Harris G. , Helton E. , Nordstrom R. , Prior F. , Rubin D. , Saltz J. H. , Shalley E. , Sharma A.
Published: September 2017

Objectives: Precision medicine requires the measurement, quantification, and cataloging of medical characteristics to identify the most effective medical intervention. However, the amount of available data exceeds our current capacity to extract meaningful information. We examine the informatics needs to achieve precision medicine from the perspective of quantitative imaging and oncology.

Methods: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) organized several workshops on the topic of medical imaging and precision medicine. The observations and recommendations are summarized herein.

Results: Recommendations include: use of standards in data collection and clinical correlates to promote interoperability; data sharing and validation of imaging tools; clinician’s feedback in all phases of research and development; use of open-source architecture to encourage reproducibility and reusability; use of challenges which simulate real-world situations to incentivize innovation; partnership with industry to facilitate commercialization; and education in academic communities regarding the challenges involved with translation of technology from the research domain to clinical utility and the benefits of doing so.

Conclusions: This article provides a survey of the role and priorities for imaging informatics to help advance quantitative imaging in the era of precision medicine. While these recommendations were drawn from oncology, they are relevant and applicable to other clinical domains where imaging aids precision medicine.
LGBTQ Bullying: Translating Research to Action in Pediatrics
Authors: Earnshaw Valerie A. , Reisner Sari L. , Juvonen Jaana , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Perrotti Jeff , Schuster Mark A.
Published: September 2017

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth experience significant bullying that undermines their mental and physical health. National health organizations have called for the development of innovative strategies to address LGBTQ bullying. Pediatricians and other clinicians, medical and public health students, interdisciplinary researchers, government officials, school leaders, community members, parents, and youth from around the country came together at a national symposium entitled “LGBTQ Bullying: Translating Research to Action to Improve the Health of All Youth” in May 2016 to generate strategies to prevent LGBTQ bullying and meet the needs of LGBTQ youth experiencing bullying. This article describes key scientific findings on bullying, LGBTQ stigma, and LGBTQ bullying interventions that were shared at the symposium and provides recommendations for pediatricians to address LGBTQ bullying via clinical care, research, interventions, and policy. Symposium participants recommended that pediatricians engage in efforts to foster inclusive and affirming health care environments wherein LGBTQ youth feel comfortable discussing their identities and experiences, identify youth experiencing LGBTQ bullying, and prevent the negative health consequences of bullying among youth. Moreover, pediatricians can attend to how multiple identities (eg, sexual orientation, gender identity, race and/or ethnicity, disability, and others) shape youth experiences of bullying and expand intervention efforts to address LGBTQ bullying in health care settings. Pediatricians can further advocate for evidence-based, antibullying policies prohibiting bullying on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Collaboration between pediatricians and diverse stakeholders can contribute to the development and implementation of lasting change in all forms of bullying, including LGBTQ bullying.
Implicaciones del desarrollo territorial en los territorios dependientes: evolución del caso de Puerto Rico
Authors: Estrada Meléndez Omar Humberto , Olivares González Adriana
Published: September 2017

El concepto de desarrollo territorial se ha convertido en los últimos años en el nuevo enfoque para atender los problemas de desarrollo que se presentan en los territorios. Busca sintetizar las experiencias y concepciones territoriales que se han elaborado a lo largo del siglo XX sobre el desarrollo. El concepto integra distintos puntos de vista, elaborados por disciplinas económicas, políticas, sociales, institucionales y ambientales. Sin embargo, por ser un concepto relativamente reciente su evolución está todavía en ciernes y es fragmentada. En este artículo se examinan los distintos plan- teamientos sobre el desarrollo territorial, para exponer una de nición sintética y completa del mismo. Dicha definición sirve de base para evaluar los problemas de desarrollo que confronta la isla de Puerto Rico, un territorio dependiente en la región del Caribe. Se escoge estudiar un territorio dependiente debido a que raras veces son tomados en consideración para generar estrategias de desarrollo a nivel mundial.
Los espacios hidráulicos en un paisaje andino. Un modelo técnico de adaptación local
Authors: Chandia-Jaure Rosa
Published: September 2017

La investigación estudia el conjunto de conocimientos técnicos locales asociados a las trazas de agua existentes en un asentamiento de la cordillera de Los Andes representativo del paisaje cultural andino. A través del análisis de Socoroma, en el norte de Chile, se exponen las estrategias tecnológicas locales para el uso equilibrado del caudal del agua disponible, frente a eventos de escasez o excesos del recurso, mientras sirven de soporte a un sistema social y cultural que da forma a un habitar íntimamente vinculado al entorno. El análisis de estos espacios hidráulicos permite comprender las manifestaciones locales para organizar, construir y habitar un territorio en función de la adaptación al medio ambiente, así como su transformación en modelos de intervención futura, aplicables tanto en ámbitos rurales como urbanos.
Conflictos frente al control urbanístico de las playas. El caso de Pozos Colorados
Authors: Consuegra Vargas María Alexandra , Velásquez Muñoz Carlos Javier
Published: September 2017

Si bien el Código Civil no establece una definición legal para las playas y los terrenos de bajamar, sí los señala como bienes de dominio público, cuya destinación principal es el uso de todos los colombianos. Dicha norma ha sido desarrollada con posterioridad, siempre en el mismo sentido. No obstante, el crecimiento urbanístico en estas zonas ha ido en aumento, lo cual ha privilegiado una actividad económica que, en ocasiones, va en contra del sentido de la norma con respecto a su destinación. Así las cosas, este artículo, resultado de una investigación sociojurídica, se encamina a explorar y describir la dinámica relacionada con el crecimiento urbanístico de un sector importante de playa ubicado en el Distrito de Santa Marta, la zona de Pozos Colorados, con la intención de analizar la legalidad de las actuaciones urbanísticas que se realizan allí, así como el ejercicio de las competencias de las autoridades que deben velar por su protección y control.
El archipiélago ferroviario en Junín (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Lectura histórica en planos técnicos
Authors: Montecelli Federico , YULN Melina , Carrizo Silvina Cecilia
Published: September 2017

La llegada del ferrocarril a Junín, en la década de 1880, resultó determinante para su crecimiento y desarrollo, y para su posicionamiento en la región del noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. La identidad de la ciudad y sus habitantes quedaría ligada íntimamente a la actividad ferroviaria a partir de la instalación de un complejo de talleres. El presente trabajo se basa en el relevamiento de planos técnicos pertenecientes a dichos talleres, un corpus documental que no ha sido explorado previamente. La investigación buscó clari car el estado de los edi cios ferroviarios en Junín entre 1884 y 1950. Se realizó una lectura histórica del desarrollo de la ciudad, tanto ferroviaria como urbana, lo cual permitió entender el archipiélago ferroviario, conformado por una multiplicidad de construcciones esparcidas en la ciudad. A su vez, se contrastaron situaciones edilicias pasadas y actuales del ferrocarril en Junín. Este patrimonio construido se constituye en un legado para la ciudad, no solo por su valor arquitectónico, sino también por su signi cación simbólica y cultural.
Nocturnidad, ciudades 24 horas y sus efectos socioambientales
Authors: Bolaños Briceño Jorge Arturo , Ariza Marin Leidy Johana
Published: September 2017

La expansión progresiva de las ciudades ha supuesto un aumento de la capacidad urbana para prestar servicios, teniendo como consecuencia el uso de horas nocturnas para el desarrollo de actividades que normalmente tienen lugar en el día. El cambio en las dinámicas sociales y ambientales urbanas que supone el incremento de las actividades nocturnas se constituye en un elemento a considerar en la plani cación de las ciudades. Así, invocando los principios de e ciencia y diversidad en el uso del espacio, varias ciudades alrededor del mundo se trans- forman paulatinamente en ciudades 24 horas. Este artículo estudia el fenómeno de la espa nocturna urbana a la luz de cuatro elementos que facilitan su comprensión e implicaciones: la idea de las ciudades 24 horas, su relevancia y alcances; las externalidades que desde el punto de vista del bienestar social signi ca la expansión de las actividades noc- turnas; el impacto ambiental del desarrollo de ciudades 24 horas; nalmente se plantea un escenario de plani cación urbana adecuada que, además de contemplar la dimensión espacial, se ocupe y realce la importancia de la dimensión temporal, dado que la noche como evento un temporal cíclico incide de manera decisiva en las dinámicas de las urbes.
Desigualdades socio-territoriales y de género en espacios metropolitanos
Authors: Czytajlo Natalia Paola
Published: September 2017

Este escrito explora las desigualdades desde la articulación de las categorías de género, espacio y pobreza, y propone un esquema teórico metodológico para el análisis del comportamiento de dichas desigualdades en espacios metropolitanos. Parte de reconocer los limitantes en la construcción de información cuantitativa y cualitativa, presenta algunos indicadores del Sistema Metropolitano de Tucumán (Si- MeT), y da cuenta de tendencias, avances y rupturas, teniendo presentes los paradigmas emergentes de ciudades más incluyentes de las agendas internacionales como la Nueva Agenda Urbana (NUA) y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
El cuerpo como territorio
Authors: Milán Melissa
Published: September 2017

El presente ensayo da cuenta de un ejercicio de cartografía de la proximidad referente al tema del cuerpo como territorio. Con base en la historia de vida de una mujer salvadoreña, se pretende identi car la percepción que ella tiene sobre su cuerpo a la luz de seis categorías: trabajo, familia, actividades domésticas, actividades de cuidado, vulnerabilidad y autocuidado. Además, se contrastará esta percepción con relación a dos categorías más: el municipio de vivienda (Ahuachapán y San Salvador) y la época de la historia (conflicto armado y posguerra).
Evaluation of antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Sellami S. , Benttoumi N. , Berrahia S. , Boureghda H.
Published: September 2017

Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. is one of the most dangerous pests on vegetable crops in Algeria. Actually, research of alternative methods against these enemies is necessary. Culture filtrates of three species of filamentous fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, T. atroviride, T. longibrachiatum, tested against Meloidogyne incognita showed a nematicide effect on larval mortality of the second stage and also inhibited the potential of hatching nematode whose effectiveness varies with species, time of exposition and concentration. Finally, the use of some of these species of fungi can be an alternative method in the management of this bioagressor.
Survey of the aflatoxin gene cluster in Aspergilli from Hungarian crops
Authors: Kovács Szilvia , Pusztahelyi Tünde
Published: September 2017

Climate changes in Europe, which is characterized by the decrease of rainy days and the higher average temperature at summer, significantly increase the spreading of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin B1 contamination of the staple food and feed materials. The aim of our study was to estimate the possibility of the aflatoxin production of the Aspergilli on crops. From the isolates that were gained from crop samples, higher than 40% of the Aspergillus isolates contained norA, aflR and omtA genes from the aflatoxin genes cluster. Most of these isolates (63%) showed high homology with A. flavus, while three isolates showed high homology to A. tritici/A. candidus, one to A. cristatus/A. amstelodami and one strain showed the highest homology to A. tritici. Six from the A. flavus isolates (85.7%) with norA, aflR and omtA genes could produce aflatoxin B1 on malate extract agar medium. Parallel PCR and toxin measurements are recommended to evaluate the potentiality of aflatoxin production.
Soft concepts in economics: The challenges of researching trust
Authors: Győrffy Dóra
Published: September 2017

The paper surveys the challenges of researching soft concepts in economics through focusing on trust. Although there is increasing evidence about its importance for macroeconomic outcomes, tensions with the homo oeconomicus model as well as the difficulties of conceptualization and measurement imply significant difficulties for research. The paper argues that comparative economics with its systemic analysis and traditional openness to interdisciplinary approaches is particularly well-suited for resolving these challenges, and it could also provide a contribution to trust research through integrating macro-, meso- and micro-level analysis.
Capitalism and democracy in the postsocialist transformation. Basic concepts
Authors: Gedeon Péter
Published: September 2017

The collapse of one-party dictatorship and centrally planned economy based on state ownership opened up the pathways for the formation of different postsocialist systems. Among other variants in a certain number of postsocialist states, democratic capitalism could emerge. Recently the system of postsocialist capitalism has been going through the process of regression leading to a distorted and defective democracy and capitalism in some postsocialist countries. This essay reviews the literature on the relationship of democracy and capitalism in order to contribute to the creation of a theoretical framework for the analysis of the regression of postsocialist democratic capitalism. In the paper the argument is made that for the explanation of the regression of democratic capitalism, the structural analysis of postsocialist democratization and marketization should be supplemented with a theory that reflects on the role of political actors, the role of political parties, party competition in this process.
A kanyaró szemészeti tünetei és kezelése
Authors: Végh Mihály , Hári-Kovács András , Roth Hans-Walter , Facskó Andrea
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

Measles, caused by the Morbilli virus, is a highly (about 95 %) contagious disease affecting primarily children, but without proper immunisation, adults can also be infected. The leading symptoms of the disease are high fever that presents after an incubation period of 9–10 days and the red rash that begins several days after the fever starts. Beyond specific generalized symptoms, measles may have ocular symptoms. The most commonly occurring conjunctivitis, the so-called “red eye symptom”, is not characteristic only for measles infection, however, by taking the generalized symptoms it can suggest the diagnosis at the beginning of the disease. Conjunctivitis of varying severity is noticed in the half of the cases without using ophthalmological instrumentation. Using ophthalmological instrumentation, the mild forms of conjunctivitis can be diagnosed, by meticulous ophthalmological examination, further eye diseases can be discovered. The viral conjunctivitis can progress to keratitis and bacterial superinfection can occur. If the infection presents in childhood it can affect the posterior segment. The fight against measles is very effective in Hungary since the vaccination has been introduced, and the lack of vaccination is also the primary cause of the risk to the disease. In the diagnosis, symptomatic treatment of the disease and the curbing of possible mass infections, the practicing physician (general practitioner) has a key role. The correct care of the infected patient in Hungary is provided by a methodological letter, professional information and legal guides. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(39): 1523–1527.
Antibiotikumokkal szemben ellenálló Gram-negatív baktériumok okozta súlyos fertőzések a klinikus szemével. A Birodalom visszavág?
Authors: Sinkó János
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

In our days, growing incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become an eminent public health problem. For survival Gram-negative species possess several different tools to withstand antibiotics: they produce degrading and modifying enzymes, decrease their permeability or expel drug molecules. An increasing proportion of severe nosocomial infections are caused by strains resistant to several antimicrobials (multiresistant, extensively resistant or panresistant species). Development of new antibiotic compounds may serve as a possible solution to this problem. Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a new beta-lactam+beta-lactamase-inhibitor combination resistant to most extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes showing excellent anti-Pseudomonas activity. It is also effective against strains when beta-lactam resistance is related to porin loss or efflux pump activity. The spectrum of ceftazidime-avibactam also includes carbapenemase-(KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In addition to novel therapy, an effective infection control system together with the prudent use of antimicrobials (antimicrobial stewardship) is of paramount importance. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(39): 1528–1534.
LA LIBERTAD SEGÚN SÖREN KIERKEGAARD
Authors: Sellés Juan Fernando
Published: September 2017

Este trabajo revisa la concepción de Kierkegaard sobre la libertad humana. El filósofo danés parece acercarse a un entendimiento de la libertad como un ‘trascendental personal’ al afirmar su irreductibilidad al libre albedrío. No obstante, mantiene la libertad en el plano categorial, puesto que la vincula a la voluntad humana. Finalmente, se hacen algunas precisiones sobre el concepto kierkegaardiano de libertad en discusión con otros comentaristas.
MODULARIDAD, EVOLUCIÓN Y ONTOLOGÍA RELIGIOSA
Authors: Vélez Juan Carlos
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo sostengo otra manera de comprender el fenómeno religioso desde la ontología religiosa que no excluye la ciencia, particularmente las Ciencias Cognitivas. La teoría de la modularidad de la mente y la psicología evolutiva arrojan luz sobre el origen del dualismo y la teleología que subyace a la manera en que las mentes hospedaron algunas de las creencias religiosas. Sostengo, desde el naturalismo de Dennett, Boyer y Dawkins, que el fenómeno religioso no es una adaptación biológica de nuestros cerebros, en términos psicológicos, sino que es un subproducto de estos que en interacción con el entorno ha sido diseñado para otras actividades, principalmente aquellas que tienen que ver con la predicción de nuestra la conducta, la de otros seres vivientes y fenómenos naturales, en dirección a la supervivencia de nuestra especie.
GFRP durability appraisal: mechanical testing of naturally aged composite panels
Authors: Gates Pete , Ibell Tim , Darby Antony , Evernden Mark
Published: September 2017

The findings of a durability study undertaken on pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) cladding panels are presented. Sourced at demolition from the Second Severn Crossing Visitors' Centre building in the UK, the panels offered the rare opportunity to assess the characteristics of naturally aged composite material. Mechanical properties were determined and compared with the properties of new, equivalent material. The phenomenon of polymer hardening, typified by a reduction in the material strain limit over time, was investigated by further mechanical testing procedures. By contrasting the properties as found for panels taken from each of the four external walls of the building, factors concerning environmental exposure and factors relating to the original fabrication conditions were investigated. The results indicate that, regardless of the exposure conditions, in 17 years the mechanical material properties appear not to have significantly diminished, despite aesthetic quality suffering due to lack of maintenance. It has, however, been shown that ultraviolet exposure causes a hardening of the resin component of the composite, resulting in an increase in the compressive elastic modulus, but a reduction in the threshold of the brittle fracture of the matrix in tension. This final result has not been documented before and is significant in understanding the long-term performance of composites.
Reducing the collapsibility of clay using a cement–polymeric fibre admixture
Authors: Attom Mousa F. , El-Emam Magdi M. , Khan Zahid H. , Vandanapu Ramesh
Published: September 2017

The collapsibility of soils is one of the various phenomena by which soils pose threats to structures built upon them. This behaviour is more pronounced in clays and some silty sands in arid and semi-arid zones. In this study, an attempt was made to decrease the collapsibility of three different clay soils (soil I, soil II and soil III with different clay content and plasticity indices) by treatment with cement–polymeric fibres as an admixture at various percentages (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%). The collapsibility potential of all soils was found to be ‘moderate to high’ in the remoulded initial state. Standard double oedometer tests were conducted to measure the collapsibility of the soils before and after stabilisation. It was found that an increase in the cement:fibre ratio and/or the admixture content percentage significantly decreased the collapse strain at inundation. Moreover, the collapsibility index decreased on increasing the admixture content beyond 3% for soil I and 2% for soils II and III. For an admixture content of <2–3%, the reduction in the collapsibility index was found to be negligible. For all soils used in this study, with a 5% admixture content and a cement:fibre ratio of 6:1 by weight, the soils were found to change from the very high collapsibility range to the almost no-collapsibility range.
Non-linear flexural behaviour of RC columns including bar buckling and fatigue degradation
Authors: Kashani Mohammad M. , Salami Mohammad R. , Goda Katsuichiro , Alexander Nicholas A.
Published: September 2017

An advanced fibre-based modelling technique is developed to characterise the non-linear flexural behaviour of rectangular reinforced-concrete (RC) columns by accounting for the influence of inelastic buckling and low-cycle fatigue degradation of vertical reinforcement. The proposed uniaxial material model of reinforcing steel is calibrated using 22 rectangular RC column tests. The influence of inelastic buckling of vertical reinforcement on the non-linear cyclic response of rectangular RC columns is investigated. The calibrated model is capable of accurately predicting the non-linear response of rectangular RC columns up to complete collapse by taking into account the additional failure modes of the RC columns.
Labor Market Outcomes in Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Areas: Signs of Growing Disparities
Authors: Weingarden Alison
Published: September 2017

The U.S. unemployment rate has fallen steadily since 2010, indicating broad-based improvement in the labor market. However, disaggregated measures reveal divergences between regions and types of workers. This note documents two geographic disparities in the U.S. labor market.
Preservando la salud mental
Authors: Melgosa Julián
Published: September 2017

Al hablar de salud física, casi todo el mundo sabe lo que hay que hacer para conservarla. Pero cuando preguntamos cómo mantener una buena salud mental, muchos dudan y no saben qué decir.
Eficacia del Programa Educativo “Donante de vida” para mejorar conocimientos y actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en estudiantes de una universidad privada confesional
Authors: MamaniLimach Rut Ester , Gamarra Berna Francis , Chacon Chise Mary Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

La donación de órganos se considera un tema muy importante y emergente en nuestra sociedad; ya que existe un gran número de personas en espera de la donación de un órgano o tejido; y si esto no se resuelve seguirá en aumento la carencia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la eficacia del programa educativo “Donante de vida” para mejorar conocimientos y actitudes sobre la donación de órganos; el estudio se realizó con estudiantes del primer año de enfermería de una universidad privada confesional. La metodología realizada fue cuantitativa con diseño pre-experimental,aplicando un pre y post-test, utilizando como instrumento un cuestionario de conocimientos con 14 preguntas y 21 proposiciones. La intervención dada a los alumnos de enfermería consta de tres módulos educativos aplicados en 24 sesiones desarrollados
en tres meses a una población de 39 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron efectividad en la aplicación del programa educativo; en el pre-test el 97.4% de los estudiantes presentaron un nivel de conocimiento deficiente y una actitud predominantemente indiferente de 54.4%, después de la intervención los conocimientos incrementaron alcanzando un 82.1% de nivel alto y una actitud de aceptación de 76.9%.
La redacción académica y la conciencia lingüística
Authors: Del Pozo Luis Alberto
Published: September 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar la relación que existe entre la redacción académica y la conciencia lingüística que debe estar presente durante el proceso de la elaboración, revisión y control de los informes de la investigación. La redacción académica utiliza una escritura formal, respetuosa de la ciencia del lenguaje, tanto en sus aspectos descriptivos como en sus aspectos prescriptivos o normativos. La conciencia lingüística depende del conocimiento de lo que es la lengua y cómo funciona desde las estructuras más simples de los sonidos hasta las formas complejas de las palabras, las frases, las oraciones y los párrafos.
Gestão e diretrizes para conservação do patrimônio arquitetônico
Authors: Amaral Claudio Silveira , Messias Pamela , Barbosa Junior Dionísio Vitorino
Published: September 2017

Ao mesmo tempo em que um patrimônio arquitetônico apresenta-nos carregado de sua experiência formal, ele também nos apresenta seu contexto contemporâneo, partindo para infinitas possibilidades de interação Monumento-Entorno-Sociedade. Muitas vezes esses entornos, associados a outros fatores como o tempo, desastres naturais e ações públicas e sociais de abandono, causam a degradação e a morte prematura desses patrimônios. Este trabalho tem como objetivo delinear as teorias de conservação em patrimônios arquitetônicos de John Ruskin, considerando para isso os processos e as práticas que podem ser aplicadas de forma que o monumento e seu entorno não percam o valor cultural decorrente de sua degradação e abandono. Levamos em consideração as teorias sobre patrimônio arquitetônico de John Ruskin e as principais correntes de pensamento no Brasil e no mundo. A conservação deve ser entendida como um processo sistemático, preventivo ou corretivo, sendo a melhor maneira de se preservar qualquer patrimônio histórico, tombado ou não. Deve ser também entendido imprescindivelmente com uma função social, que pode ou não se modificar ao logo do tempo. A discussão da conservação de edifícios de patrimônio arquitetônico, sua relação social, temporal e material contribui para apontar as formas mais relevantes de se fazer processos de conservação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Patrimônio Arquitetônico.  Conservação. Gestão Pública.
Россия в контексте пространственного развития: взгляд с периферии Ближнего Севера
Authors: Дмитриев Анатолий Васильевич , Воронов Виктор Васильевич
Published: September 2017

Анатолий Васильевич Дмитриев – член-корреспондент РАН, доктор философских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель группы конфликтогенности миграции Отдела этнической социологии, Институт социологии РАН. Адрес: 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, 24/35, к. 5, офис 107. Е-mail: mig@isras.ru

Виктор Васильевич Воронов – доктор социологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Центра региональной социологии и конфликтологии, Институт социологии РАН. Адрес: 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, 24/35, к. 5, офис 509; ведущий исследователь Центра социальных исследований Института гуманитарных и социальных наук, Даугавпилсский университет. Е-mail: viktor.voronov@du.lv

Цитирование: Дмитриев А.В., Воронов В.В. (2017) Россия в контексте пространственного развития: взгляд с периферии Ближнего Севера // Мир России. Т. 26. № 4. С. 169–181. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2017-26-4-169-181

 

Более 15 лет в Мантуровском районе Костромской области развивается Угорский проект  – объединение на основе Сообщества профессиональных социологов под руководством профессора Н.Е. Покровского и ведущих специалистов совместно с научной молодежью, представляющих разные отрасли социальных наук: демографию, социологию, социальную биологию, социальную географию, экономику и другие. В ходе полевых исследований, апробации их результатов на научно-практических конференциях, в преподавательской практике и публикациях участники проекта сформулировали обобщенную теоретическую модель («клеточная» глобализация) и эмпирическую методологию. Это позволило проводить комплексные междисциплинарные исследования разнородных процессов и явлений, характерных для российского социума Ближнего Севера, дать им научное объяснение и наметить возможные сценарии развития региона.В рецензии анализируются представленные в трех коллективных монографиях результаты комплексного междисциплинарного исследования большого коллектива ученых об особенностях пространственного развития периферийных территорий Ближнего Севера в европейской части России в различных аспектах: социально-экономическом, социально-географическом, экологическом, социокультурном и демографическом. Рассматриваются вопросы деградации («социальное опустынивание») сельских сообществ Нечерноземья вследствие резкого сжатия сельскохозяйственного производства и разрушения социально-экономической, социокультурной и административной инфраструктуры сельских поселений, которые порождают кризис идентичности и социальный пессимизм у местных жителей.Анализируются предложенные авторами для преодоления деградации сельских сообществ новые экономические паттерны, обладающие определенными инновационными характеристиками (очаговая сельскохозяйственная экономика, современное отходничество), новые социальные явления и формы взаимодействий (фрилансеры, удаленная работа, мобильная медицина и другое), а также возможности их развития в современных условиях.
Структура исторической колеи России: проблемы методологии
Authors: Ильин Владимир Иванович
Published: September 2017

Владимир Иванович Ильин – доктор социологических наук, профессор, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Сыктывкарский государственный университет; ассоциированный сотрудник, Социологический институт РАН. Адрес: 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9. E-mail: ivi-2002@yandex.ru

Цитирование: Ильин В.И. (2017) Структура исторической колеи России: проблемы методологии // Мир России. Т. 26. № 4. С. 30–50. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2017-26-4-30-50

 

Целью данной статьи, продолжающей размышления на темы, которые обсуждаются в монографиях «Россия как цивилизация» и «Нова ли новая Россия?», является попытка уточнить категориальный аппарат, позволяющий интегрировать цивилизационный подход и концепции социальной инерции (зависимости от прошлого пути – path dependency). Цивилизационный подход, возникнув в рамках философии истории, в силу масштаба предмета не склонен вглядываться в эмпирические детали. Сейчас он все активнее проникает в историю, экономику и социологию. Однако сдвиг в предметном поле не подкрепляется разработкой адекватной этим конкретным наукам методологии. В условиях нехватки эмпирических аргументов, выстроенных в соответствии с принципами научной методологии, вопрос о месте России в системе локальных цивилизаций по-прежнему остается предметом веры, поскольку ни одна из спорящих сторон не может привести аргументы, представляющиеся оппонентам убедительными. Главным недостатком существующих исследований данной проблемы остается акцент на методах сравнения, часто допускающих синхронное сравнение стран, находящихся на разных этапах развития одного и того же типа общества, использование произвольно подобранных аналогий, что отвечает логике дедукции, когда факты собираются для иллюстрации теоретической концепции. Неудивительно, что проблематика цивилизационного анализа России, несмотря на полуторавековую историю, больше интегрирована в идеологический, чем научный дискурс. Концепции социальной инерции, возникшие в экономических науках, гораздо более точны и конкретны, но именно в силу этих достоинств они с трудом применимы для тысячелетнего диапазона. В статье предлагаются две группы категорий, которые могут стать неким шагом вперед на пути сближения цивилизационного подхода и концепций зависимости от прошлого пути. Первая группа категорий позволяет анализировать механизмы исторической преемственности периодов одной цивилизации: (1) цивилизационный стержень как совокупность факторов, действующих на протяжении всей истории; (2) историческая колея как реальные формы реакций на них, создающие фундамент для последующих периодов; (3) цивилизационные ловушки как шаги (часто политические), приобретшие необратимые последствия для будущего. Вторая группа категорий – это разные типы колеи, пронизывающие многовековую историю: географическая, геополитическая, политическая, колея собственности, религиозная, ментальная и колея исторической памяти. Данная категориальная сетка дает возможность упорядочить эмпирическую проверку гипотез цивилизационного анализа относительно многовековой преемственности.
Экономический рост в условиях экстрактивных институтов: советский парадокс и современные события
Authors: Балацкий Евгений Всеволодович , Плискевич Наталья Михайловна
Published: September 2017

Евгений Всеволодович Балацкий – доктор экономических наук, профессор, директор Центра макроэкономических исследований, Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации. Адрес: 109456, Москва, 4-й Вешняковский проезд, д.  4, офис 219. E-mail: evbalatsky@inbox.ru

Наталья Михайловна Плискевич – старший научный сотрудник, Институт экономики РАН. Адрес: 117485, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., д. 90. E-mail: ons@naukaran.ru

Цитирование: Балацкий Е.В., Плискевич Н.М. (2017) Экономический рост в условиях экстрактивных институтов: советский парадокс и современные события // Мир России. Т. 26. № 4. С. 97–117. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2017-26-4-97-117

 

В статье анализируются экономические успехи СССР в терминах концепции инклюзивных институтов, выдвинутой Д. Асемоглу и Дж. Робинсоном. Суть проблемы состоит в том, что трактовки и интерпретации Д. Асемоглу и Дж. Робинсона нельзя признать адекватными для системного объяснения советского парадокса, заключающегося в длительном и интенсивном экономическом росте с элементами опережающего характера на фоне действующих в стране экстрактивных институтов. Для более точного и полного объяснения данного феномена в статье уточняется и развивается ряд положений теории инклюзивных институтов. В частности, авторы вводят понятия социального лифта, трехфакторной модели экономического роста, включающей технологический, институциональный и культурный факторы, правило соответствия, принцип диссипации инклюзивности. В статье показано, как новые понятия могут быть использованы при анализе современных событий на примере России и нефтедобывающих стран Ближнего Востока.
Foster Care Reform and Social Partnership in Nizhny Novgorod Region
Authors: Nikula Jouko , Ivashinenko Nina
Published: September 2017

Jouko Nikula – PhD, Senior Researcher, Finnish Centre for Russian and Eastern European Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland. Email: jounikul@gmail.com

Nina Ivashinenko – Doktor Nauk in Economics, Professor, Head of Economic Sociology Department, Lobachevsky State University of N. Novgorod, Head of UNN-ISESP RAS Laboratory. Russian Federation. Email: nni@fsn.unn.ru

 

This article discusses on-going foster care reform in Russia and analyses possibilities for the evolution of partnerships between stakeholders. The role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the realisation of programmes related to child welfare reform is considered, revealing that social partnership is a form of collaborative action. In other words, drawing on the work of Sandra Waddock, social partnership involves interactions performed by various actors to achieve common goals. The main characteristics of social partnerships are that they are specialised, voluntary and collaborative, and their main goal is to try to solve a common problem. However, not all cooperation between public authorities, NGOs and business is a partnership; in fact a successful partnership is characterised by a variety of features. These include mutual trust, complementary strengths, reciprocal accountability, joint decision-making, clearly articulated goals, equitable distribution of costs and benefits, performance indicators, as well as mechanisms to measure and monitor performance and a clear delineation of responsibilities. The role of non-state actors is increasing in welfare and other social services due to adverse demographic trends and the diminishing economic base available to the state for delivering social services. The state’s efforts to dismantle the former state-centred system of welfare has also resulted in the outsourcing of welfare responsibilities and services in child welfare to non-state actors. Alongside their growing role, many new questions have been raised about the quality of the NGOs’ activities and their skills. Therefore, the expansion of NGOs’ social functions potentially generates both opportunities and risks in the transformation of child welfare. Even if there are some green shoots of partnership between the public authorities and NGOs in this field, their relationship is not reciprocal. We argue that Russian NGOs need to improve their social status and the quality of their work to allow them to have their own voice when negotiating their relationship with different state actors.
Sequence Quality Control v1
Authors: E Thornton Jr James
Published: September 2017

This protocol will introduce a workflow for quality control and pre-processing of metagenomic sequence reads using FastQC for visualization and FastX Toolkit for editing the fastq files.
Killing wolves to prevent predation on livestock may protect one farm but harm neighbors: Variables and Sample STATA code for survival analytics v1
Authors: Santiago-Ávila Francisco , Treves Adrian
Published: September 2017

Here, we make available basic sample code for the statistical survival analyses employed in our manuscript. This code should allow for replication of analyses at all spatial scales for all datasets involved. This sample code does not include code lines for dropping or adding observations, which we did for the alternate datasets used. However, this should only involve basic coding, and descriptions of observations included or dropped for each dataset can be found in the study.
From Access to Documents to Consumption of Information: The European Commission Transparency Policy for the TTIP Negotiations
Authors: Coremans Evelyn
Published: September 2017

To increase transparency of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations, the European Commission has reformed existing information sharing systems for trade policy. The Commission has moved from a strategy of providing transparency in the form of access to documents to one of access to information, geared specifically towards enhancing consumption of the available information. In both public and institutional transparency policy, the width of the target audience and the depth of the information have increased, and the manner of provision has shifted from reactive to proactive provision of information. As a result, the TTIP is now being coined as the most transparent trade negotiation ever in the EU’s history and a pilot project for transparency policy in future trade negotiations. The article adopts a supply-centred perspective to explain a transparency policy that goes beyond the legal minimum imposed by formal requirements. It relies on interview data of the changes brought about in inter-institutional relations since 2014, basic quantitative and qualitative analysis of document material, and a five-month participatory observation by the author in the secretariat of the European Parliament’s Committee on International Trade.
EU Institutional Politics of Secrecy and Transparency in Foreign Affairs
Authors: Abazi Vigjilenca , Adriaensen Johan
Published: September 2017

This thematic issue shows how the interplays of secrecy and transparency have been a salient driver of institutional politics in EU foreign affairs. It offers a critical reading of the most recent developments in EU’s international negotiations, an analysis of case law and empirical insights on public and institutional access to information. The Issue provides an interdisciplinary understanding of how information flows affect and are affect by the EU’s institutional balance through synergising perspectives from the fields of political science, public administration and law. This editorial outlines the central questions raised in this thematic issue and highlights its main findings.
Not Worth the Net Worth? The Democratic Dilemmas of Privileged Access to Information
Authors: Rosén Guri , Stie Anne Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

In this article, we discuss the democratic conditions for parliamentary oversight in EU foreign affairs. Our point of departure is two Interinstitutional Agreements (IIAs) between the Council and the European Parliament (EP), which provide the latter with access to sensitive documents. To shed light on this issue, we ask to what extent these contribute to the democratic accountability in EU foreign policy? It is argued that the IIAs have strengthened the EP’s role in EU foreign affairs by giving it access to information to which it was previously denied. This does not mean, however, that this increase in power equals a strengthening of the EP as a democratic accountability forum. First of all, both IIAs (even if there are differences between them) fail to maximise the likelihood that the plurality of views in the EP as a whole is reproduced. Secondly, and more importantly, the EU citizens are largely deprived of opportunities to appraise how their elected representatives have exercised their role as guardians of executive power.