bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients near death receiving specialized palliative home care being transferred to inpatient care – a registry study
Authors: Wall Camilla , Blomberg Karin , Bergdahl Elisabeth , Sjölin Helena , Alm Fredrik
Published: August 2024

Background

The majority of palliative care patients express a preference for remaining at home for as long as possible. Despite progression of disease there is a strong desire to die at home. Nonetheless, there are transfers between care settings, demonstrating a discrepancy between desired and actual place of death.

Aim

To map the prevalence of patients near death undergoing specialized palliative home care and being transferred to inpatient care in Sweden.

Methods

A national retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care. Patients ≥ 18 years of age enrolled in specialized palliative home care with dates of death between 1 November 2015 and 31 October 2022 were included (n = 39,698). Descriptive statistics were used.

Results

Seven thousand three hundred eighty-three patients (18.6%), approximately 1,000 per year, were transferred to inpatient care and died within seven days of arrival. A considerable proportion of these patients died within two days after admission. The majority (73.6%) were admitted to specialized palliative inpatient care units, 22.9% to non-specialized palliative inpatient care units and 3.5% to additional care units. Transferred patients had more frequent dyspnoea (30.9% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001), anxiety (60.2% vs. 56.5%, p < 0.001) and presence of several simultaneous symptoms was significantly more common (27.0% vs. 24.8%, p  0.001).

Conclusion

The results show that patients admitted to specialized palliative home care in Sweden are being transferred to inpatient care near death. A notable proportion of these patients dies within two days of admission. Common features, such as symptoms and symptom burden, can be observed in the patients transferred. The study highlights a phenomenon that may be experienced by patients, relatives and healthcare personnel as a significant event in a vulnerable situation. A deeper understanding of the underlying causes of these transfers is required to ascertain whether they are compatible with good palliative care and a dignified death.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of potential high-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus among women attending selected reproductive health clinics in lake victoria basin-kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akinyi Ivy , Awandu Shehu Shagari , Broeck Davy Vanden , Pereira Ana Rita , Redzic Nina , Bogers Johannes
Published: August 2024

Background

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered the primary etiological factor for invasive cervical cancer. Understanding the epidemiology of circulating potential high-risk (HR) and HR HPV strains is essential in updating epidemiological knowledge and recommendations on genotype-specific vaccination development. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with Potential HR/HR HPV among women attending selected reproductive health clinics in Lake Victoria Basin.

Methods

A cross-sectional facility-based survey made up of 434 women aged 16–68 years was carried out in two selected facilities. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect participant clinical and social characteristics. Cervical specimens were collected and HPV genotyping was carried out using RIATOL HPV genotyping qPCR assay. Descriptive statistics followed by logistic binary regression was done using R version 4.3.2.

Results

The overall prevalence of potential HR/HR HPV among women attending the selected reproductive health clinics was reported at 36.5% (158/434). Specifically, in the rural setting, Gobei Health Center, the prevalence was 41.4% (41/99) while in the urban setting-JOOTRH, it was 34.6% (117/335). The most prevalent potential HR/HR HPV are 52, 67, 16, 31, 39, 45, and 31 among women. Age was the main factor associated with HPV infection with women between the age of 30–39 having the highest risk (AOR = 0.3, CI:0.2–0.7, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In both rural and urban regions, potential HR/HR HPV infection among women attending reproductive health clinics at the selected facilities remains common. The study identifies the need for effective implementation and clinical follow-up process of cervical cancer control program in the LVB.
Examining rurality and social determinants of health among women with GDM: a 15-year comprehensive population analysis
Authors: Ali Umama , Cure Laila , Lewis Rhonda K. , Rattani Ajita , Hill Twyla , Woods Nikki Keene
Published: August 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with long-term health consequences for mothers and their children. The escalating trends of GDM coupled with the growing prevalence of maternal obesity, a significant GDM risk factor projected to approach nearly 60% by 2030 in Kansas, has emerged as a pressing public health issue.

Methods

The aim of this study was to compare GDM and maternal obesity trends in rural and urban areas and investigate maternal demographic characteristics influencing the risk of GDM development over a 15-year period. Trend analyses and a binary logistic regression were employed utilizing 2005 to 2019 de-identified birth record vital statistics from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (N = 589,605).

Results

Over the cumulative 15-year period, a higher prevalence of GDM was observed across age, race/ethnicity, education, and insurance source. Throughout this period, there was an increasing trend in both GDM and obese pre-pregnancy BMI age-adjusted prevalence, with noticeable rural-urban disparities. From 2005 to 2019, women, including Asians (OR: 2.73, 95% CI 2.58%-2.88%), American Indian or Alaskan Natives (OR: 1.58, 95%, CI 1.44-1.73%), Hispanics (OR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.37%-1.48%), women residing in rural areas (OR: 1.09, 95%, CI 1.06-1.12%), with advanced maternal age (35–39 years, OR: 4.83 95% CI 4.47%-5.22%; ≥40 years, OR: 6.36 95%, CI 5.80-6.98%), with lower educational status (less than high school, OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.10%-1.20%; high school graduate, OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.06%-1.13%), Medicaid users (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.06%-1.13%), or with an overweight (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.72%-1.84%) or obese (OR: 3.61, 95% CI 3.50%-3.72%) pre-pregnancy BMI were found to be at an increased risk of developing GDM.

Conclusions

There are persistent rural-urban and racial/ethnic disparities present from 2005 to 2019 among pregnant women in Kansas with or at-risk of GDM. There are several socioeconomic factors that contribute to these health disparities affecting GDM development. These findings, alongside with prominent rising maternal obesity trends, highlight the need to expand GDM services in a predominantly rural state, and implement culturally-responsive interventions for at-risk women.
Buddleoside-rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract modulates macrophage-mediated inflammation to prevent metabolic syndrome induced by unhealthy diet
Authors: Zhou Yiqing , Su Jie , Dong Yingjie , He Ziwen , Wang Yajun , Chen Suhong , Lv Guiyuan
Published: August 2024

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor to the development of many diseases (atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.). It is marked by disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism, along with hypertension. Numerous types of risk factors contribute to the development of the MetS, inflammation and insulin resistance are present throughout the metabolic abnormalities. Chrysanthemum indicum L. is a traditional Chinese plant used for both tea and medicine, known for its high content of total flavonoids, which are important secondary metabolites. Our research led to the extraction of a Buddleoside-Rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (BUDE) which has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, the specific role and mechanism of BUDE in preventing MetS remain unclear.

Methods

The study initially evaluated the role of BUDE in preventing MetS. Subsequently, it investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of BUDE in the liver and pancreas in response to unhealthy diets. It then examined the level of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function induced by inflammation. Additionally, an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation model was used to further investigate the ameliorative effects of BUDE in inflammation.

Results

BUDE has hypotensive, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. It can also resolve the imbalance between macrophage subpopulations, impede the triggering of the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduce the secretion of inflammatory mediators, ameliorate insulin resistance, and safeguard organs such as the liver and pancreas from inflammatory damage. These effects collectively contribute to preventing the development of MetS.

Discussion

BUDE has the ability to modulate macrophage-mediated inflammation, leading to improved insulin resistance. Additionally, it delivers antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, offering a potential for preventing MetS.
Unveiling the mix-up: investigating species and unauthorized tissues in beef-based meat products
Authors: Elbarbary Nady Khairy , Darwish Wageh S. , Fotouh Ahmed , Dandrawy Mohamed K.
Published: August 2024

Customers are very concerned about high-quality products whose provenance is healthy. The identification of meat authenticity is a subject of growing concern for a variety of reasons, including religious, economic, legal, and public health. Between March and April of 2023, 150 distinct marketable beef product samples from various retailers in El-Fayoum, Egypt, were gathered. There were 30 samples of each of the following: luncheon, kofta, sausage, burger, and minced meat. Every sample underwent a histological investigation as well as subjected to a standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to identify meat types that had not been stated by Egyptian regulations. According to the obtained data, the meat products under scrutiny contained a variety of unauthorized tissues which do not match Egyptian regulations. Furthermore, the PCR results indicated that the chicken, camels, donkeys, and pigs derivatives were detected in 60%, 30%, 16%, and 8% of examined samples, respectively. In conclusion, besides displaying a variety of illegal tissues, the majority of the meat items under examination were tainted with flesh from many species. As a result, it is crucial to regularly inspect these products before they are put on the market to ensure that they comply with the law and don’t mislead customers Furthermore, it is advisable for authorities to implement rigorous oversight of food manufacturing facilities to ensure the production of safe and wholesome meat.
What evidence exists relating the impact of different grassland management practices to soil carbon in livestock systems? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Rousset Camille , Segura Carmen , Gilgen Anina , Alfaro Marta , Mendes Luís André , Dodd Mike , Dashpurev Batnyambuu , Bastidas Mike , Rivera Julian , Merbold Lutz , Vázquez Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Background

Grasslands are essential for providing vital resources in the livestock sector and delivering invaluable ecosystem services such as biodiversity and soil carbon (C) sequestration. Despite their critical importance, these ecosystems face escalating threats from human disturbances, human degradation, and climate change, compromising their ability to effectively stock C. Restoring degraded grasslands emerges as a pragmatic and cost-effective approach to tackling climate change. However, the successful implementation of grassland management toward this goal, faces significant challenges. A systematic mapping approach will help to compile a comprehensive global inventory of studies investigating the impact of differing grassland management practices on soil carbon. In addition, the potential for trade-offs with other greenhouse gas emissions further underlines the value of a systematic assessment. This approach aims to identify knowledge clusters (i.e., well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis) for potential systematic reviews and pinpoint knowledge gaps requiring further primary research efforts, all contributing to a better understanding of the evidence surrounding this topic.

Methods

Following systematic evidence synthesis standards, we developed the question to address in the systematic map protocol using the PICO framework. We established a preliminary search string by combining search terms for the Population (Grasslands), Intervention (management) and Outcome (soil carbon) categories, as well as with one additional group (Study types—to focus on farm and field experiments). We will conduct a comprehensive literature search of relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature using Web of Science, Scopus, CABI platforms, Google Scholar, and specialised websites (e.g., Agrotrop). Searches will be conducted in the English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, and Mongolian languages, as per the linguistic capabilities of the research team. The comprehensiveness of the search will be assessed by comparing the literature collected to a test-list of forty relevant articles. The repeatability of the literature screening process will be ensured by a list of inclusion/exclusion criteria and inter-reviewer consistency statistical tests. Data extraction will be organised into four complementary sections (article information, PICO categories, study characteristics, measurable parameters), on which we will perform queries to produce the tables, figures and evidence maps that will compose the systematic map. The results will identify and describe knowledge gaps and clusters.
BCAA mediated microbiota-liver-heart crosstalk regulates diabetic cardiomyopathy via FGF21
Authors: Zheng Hong , Zhang Xi , Li Chen , Wang Die , Shen Yuying , Lu Jiahui , Zhao Liangcai , Li Xiaokun , Gao Hongchang
Published: August 2024

Background

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of leading causes of diabetes-associated mortality. The gut microbiota-derived branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been reported to play a central role in the onset and progression of DCM, but the potential mechanisms remain elusive.

Results

We found the type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice had higher circulating BCAA levels due to a reduced BCAA degradation ability of the gut microbiota. Excess BCAA decreased hepatic FGF21 production by inhibiting PPARα signaling pathway and thereby resulted in a higher expression level of cardiac LAT1 via transcription factor Zbtb7c. High cardiac LAT1 increased the levels of BCAA in the heart and then caused mitochondrial damage and myocardial apoptosis through mTOR signaling pathway, leading to cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in T1D mice. Additionally, transplant of faecal microbiota from healthy mice alleviated cardiac dysfunction in T1D mice, but this effect was abolished by FGF21 knockdown.

Conclusions

Our study sheds light on BCAA-mediated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, liver and heart to promote DCM and FGF21 serves as a key mediator.
Airway management and ventilation techniques in resuscitation during advanced life support: an update
Authors: Kill Clemens , Manegold Randi Katrin , Fistera David , Risse Joachim
Published: August 2024

For many years, ventilation has been an essential part of advanced life support (ALS) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nevertheless, there is little evidence about the best method of ventilation during resuscitation for both out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and inhospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients. Effective ventilation is one of the two main keys to successful resuscitation. In this context, the question always arises as to which airway management, along with which ventilation mode, constitutes the best strategy. Conventional ventilation modes are not designed for cardiac arrest and show important limitations that must be considered when used in CPR. Manual ventilation without the use of an automated transport ventilator (ATV) could be shown to be uncontrolled in applied volumes and pressures and should be avoided. Mechanical ventilation with an ATV is therefore superior to manual ventilation, but both volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation modes are significantly influenced by chest compressions. With the newly designed chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV), a special ventilation mode for resuscitation is available. Further research should be conducted to obtain more evidence of the effect of ventilation during CPR on outcomes following OHCA and not only about how to secure the airway for ventilation during CPR.
Molecular Profiling of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (mPTC) on Active Surveillance
Authors: Ramone Teresa , Ghirri Arianna , Prete Alessandro , Matrone Antonio , Ciampi Raffaele , Piaggi Paolo , Scutari Maria , Rago Teresa , Torregrossa Liborio , Romei Cristina , Elisei Rossella , Molinaro Eleonora
Published: August 2024

Context

The active surveillance (AS) program for papillary thyroid carcinoma (≤1 cm) at low risk (mPTC) showed a low percentage of progression.

Objective

The aim of this study was to find a molecular signature of cases that showed disease progression during AS, which would allow their early identification.

Methods

We performed next-generation sequencing of 95 fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens from cases prospectively enrolled in the AS program to analyze key somatic driver alterations or gene fusions implicated in PTC tumorigenesis. TERT promoter analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Results

BRAF p.V600E was found in 66.3% (63/95) of mPTC and was the most common somatic alteration, followed by RAS oncogene mutations detected in 3.2% of mPTC (3/95: 2 NRAS and 1 KRAS) and gene fusions detected in 3.2% of mPTC (3/95: 1 RET-PTC1, 1 TFG-NTRK1, 1 ALK imbalance). No TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) were found in the analyzed mPTC (84/95). The comparison between the molecular profile and the clinical outcome of the mPTC (stable vs progressive disease) showed no correlation (P = .6) and did not identify a molecular signature able to identify progressive mPTC.

Conclusion

The molecular profile of mPTC is like that of bigger PTC with the exception that none of them showed a TERT promoter mutation. The identification of the most common driver mutations, such as BRAF, RAS, or gene fusions, is not helpful for the early identification of mPTC that will show disease progression during follow-up in the AS program.
Free Cortisol and Free 21-Deoxycortisol in the Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Adriaansen Bas P H , Utari Agustini , Olthaar André J , van der Steen Rob C B M , Pijnenburg-Kleizen Karijn J , Berkenbosch Lizanne , Span Paul N , Sweep Fred C G J , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , van Herwaarden Antonius E
Published: August 2024

Context

Some patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) survive without glucocorticoid treatment. Increased precursor concentrations in these patients might lead to higher free (biological active) cortisol concentrations by influencing cortisol–protein binding. In 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), the most common CAH form, accumulated 21-deoxycortisol (21DF) may further increase glucocorticoid activity. Both mechanisms could explain the low occurrence of symptoms in some patients with untreated classic CAH.

Objective

Develop and validate a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for free cortisol and free 21DF to quantify these steroids in patients with untreated classic CAH before and after Synacthen administration, and compare these concentrations to concentrations measured in patients with nonclassic CAH (NCCAH), other forms of adrenal insufficiency (AI), and controls.

Methods

An LC-MS/MS method to measure free cortisol and free 21DF was developed and validated. Total and free serum concentrations of both cortisol and 21DF were measured in patients with untreated classic CAH (n = 29), NCCAH (n = 5), AI (n = 3), and controls (n = 11) before and 60 minutes after stimulation with Synacthen.

Results

Unstimulated total cortisol concentrations of patients with untreated classic CAH (median 109 nmol/L) were lower than in patients with untreated NCCAH (249 nmol/L, P = .010) and controls (202 nmol/L, P = .016), but free cortisol concentrations were similar. Basal free 21DF concentrations were high in patients with 21OHD (median 5.32 nmol/L) and undetectable in patients with AI and controls (<0.19 nmol/L). After Synacthen administration, free 21DF concentrations increased in patients with 21OHD, while free cortisol concentrations did not change.

Conclusion

Free cortisol concentrations in patients with classic CAH were similar to those in controls and patients with NCCAH, indicating comparable cortisol availability. Additionally, patients with 21OHD produce high concentrations of 21DF, possibly explaining the low occurrence of symptoms in some patients with classic 21OHD. Free cortisol and 21DF levels should be considered in evaluating adrenal insufficiency in patients with CAH.
Approach to the Patient: Challenging Cases of Pediatric Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Mooij Christiaan F , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash , Hillebrand Jacquelien J , van Trotsenburg A S Paul
Published: August 2024

Graves’ disease (GD) is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism in children. However, compared to adults, GD in children is a rare condition. In a recent guideline issued by the European Thyroid Association, the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of pediatric GD is described extensively. In this article, we go beyond the guideline and describe the potential challenges of establishing the right etiology of thyrotoxicosis in children, illustrated by cases of thyroid hormone resistance, autonomous functioning thyroid nodules, and subacute thyroiditis with a thyrotoxic phase. In addition, we report therapeutic challenges in pediatric GD such as recurrent immunological flare-ups under antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment, innovative ways to improve ATD compliance and the role of definitive treatment in persistent complaints of malaise under ATD treatment.
3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Versus 2-Dimensional Video for Distraction During the Induction of Anesthesia in Children to Reduce Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Samnakay Sarah , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S. , Evans Daisy , Sommerfield Aine C. , Hauser Neil D. , Bell Emily , Khan R. Nazim , Sommerfield David L.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Preoperative anxiety is common in children. It can contribute to negative experiences with anesthetic induction and may cause adverse physiological and psychological effects. Virtual reality (VR) and electronic tablet devices are 2 audiovisual distraction tools that may help to reduce anxiety and enhance the preoperative experience. This study aimed to compare the use of an immersive 3-dimensional (3D) VR to 2-dimensional (2D) video on anxiety in children during induction of general anesthesia.

METHODS:

Two hundred children (4–13 years) undergoing elective or emergency surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, controlled trial. Participants were randomized to use either the 3D VR goggles (intervention) or 2D video tablet (control) during anesthetic induction. Anxiety, the primary outcome, was measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale Short Form (mYPAS-SF) at 2 time points: in the preoperative holding area before randomization (T1) and during induction of general anesthesia (T2). The primary outcome was analyzed using a linear regression model, including demographic and other covariates, to investigate any differences in anxiety scores. Secondary outcomes included evaluating compliance during the anesthetic induction (Induction Compliance Checklist), emergence of delirium (Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium), perceived usefulness of the device, and child satisfaction.

RESULTS:

Participant characteristics were similar between the 3D VR (n = 98) and 2D video (n = 90) groups, with a mean (±standard deviation) age 8. 8 ± 2.8 years. The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) mYPAS-SF scores for the 3D VR group at the preoperative holding area were 22.9 (22.9, 35.4), then 29.2 (24.0, 41.7) during induction. For the 2D Video group, the scores were 27.1 (22.9, 35.4) and then 30.2 (22.9, 41.1). No significant difference was observed in the increase in mYPAS-SF scores between groups (P = .672). Children in the 3D VR group were less likely to be rated as having a perfect induction (P = .039). There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in emergence delirium. Both devices were rated highly for usefulness and patient satisfaction. Children preferred VR, while anesthesiologists and parents felt the 2D was more useful.

CONCLUSIONS:

This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that preoperative anxiety was equally low and induction compliance high with both 3D VR and 2D video distraction in children with parental presence during anesthetic induction.
Economic Evaluation of ‘Watch and Wait’ Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Murshed Ishraq , Bunjo Zachary , Seow Warren , Murshed Ishmam , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Thomas Michelle , Sammour Tarik
Published: August 2024

Background

Owing to multimodal treatment and complex surgery, locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) exerts a large healthcare burden. Watch and wait (W&W) may be cost saving by removing the need for surgery and inpatient care. This systematic review seeks to identify the economic impact of W&W, compared with standard care, in patients achieving a complete clinical response (cCR) following neoadjuvant therapy for LARC.

Methods

The PubMed, OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were systematically searched from inception to 26 April 2024. All economic evaluations (EEs) that compared W&W with standard care were included. Reporting and methodological quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS), BMJ and Philips checklists. Narrative synthesis was performed. Primary and secondary outcomes were (incremental) cost-effectiveness ratios and the net financial cost.

Results

Of 1548 studies identified, 27 were assessed for full-text eligibility and 12 studies from eight countries (2016–2024) were included. Seven cost-effectiveness analyses (complete EEs) and five cost analyses (partial EEs) utilized model-based (n = 7) or trial-based (n = 5) analytics with significant variations in methodological design and reporting quality. W&W showed consistent cost effectiveness (n = 7) and cost saving (n = 12) compared with surgery from third-party payer and patient perspectives. Critical parameters identified by uncertainty analysis were rates of local and distant recurrence in W&W, salvage surgery, perioperative mortality and utilities assigned to W&W and surgery.

Conclusion

Despite heterogenous methodological design and reporting quality, W&W is likely to be cost effective and cost saving compared with standard care following cCR in LARC.

Clinical Trials Registration PROSPERO CRD42024513874.
role of omega-3 fatty acids in alleviating symptoms of dysmenorrhea
Authors: Cąkała Marlena , Skotnicka Joanna , Witkowska Maria , Kozioł Magdalena , Podgórniak Kamila , Zajkowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The study will focus on presenting the effects of adequate intake or supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids on patients' perception of menstrual pain. Other known characteristics of these substances will also be presented.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to demonstrate impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation or normal supply to dysmenorrhea among women through a literature review.
State of Knowledge: Dysmenorrhea is a condition that limits normal functioning and affects up to 90% of women. Therefore, it is so important to study its pathogenesis and prevent its occurrence. It results in the use of painkillers and the absence of many women from daily activities. Omega-3 acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that have a positive effect on numerous organs and functions of the human body. They are substances with anti-inflammatory properties, which have been used in research on the influence of omega-3 acids on reducing dysmenorrhea among women.
Conclusion: Omega-3 acids reduce dysmenorrhea in women. It is very important to pay attention to the presence of acids in diet as well as supplementation among patients.
Robin Walker MP
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: August 2024

Fiona Simpson speaks to the Conservative MP and education select committee chair
Care Review response: funding fails to match scale of reforms
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: August 2024

Children's services leaders back the ‘direction’ of government reforms on social work training, outcomes monitoring and fostering support but say lack of resources and long timescales will undermine delivery
The Future of Digital Authentication: Blockchain-driven Decentralized Authentication in Web 3.0
Authors: Seo Jungwon
Published: August 2024

This paper presents an innovative Web 3.0 authentication technique, designed for a user-centric internet environment. Addressing the rising demand for authentication techniques suitable for Web 3.0, it defines the essential features of such systems and introduces a new approach using smart contracts. This approach utilizes mother and child tokens in conjunction with the lock smart contract to ensure secure authentication. The approach is thoroughly tested against various security threats, including man-in-the-middle, replay, and brute-force attacks, and its practicality is evaluated on Ethereum-based networks.
Collaborative Task Offloading in Edge Computing Enabled Web 3.0
Authors: Alkhathami Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Web 3.0 is an evolved version of the Web that enables the integration of applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT) with the Web. It involves the storage of large data generated by different users and efficient computation of application and web-related tasks. With the help of edge nodes installed near the users, the computation load of Web 3.0 will be efficiently managed. Thus, efficient task offloading and computation become a key concern in edge computing-enabled Web 3.0. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed that solves the challenges of load imbalance at the edge nodes resulting in large queue sizes and increased task delays. The proposed technique identifies the edge nodes with a large network load and pairs them with a lightly loaded edge node that can handle some of their network load. The edge node pairing is based on the Gale–Shapley stable matching algorithm. The preference profile of edge nodes is developed based on factors such as task computation delay and task transmission delay. Once the pairing is done, the number of tasks is offloaded as per the computing capacity of the lightly loaded edge nodes. A detailed simulation-based performance evaluation of the proposed technique is presented showing a reduction in task delay by 20% and task deadline miss ratio by 68%.
Web 3.0 Chord DHT Resource Clustering
Authors: Chan KaiHsiang , Yoon Young
Published: August 2024

This study explores the impact and challenges of new user behaviors in the Web 3.0 environment on distributed networks. The traditional Chord algorithm allows nodes to freely join and leave the network by hashing their IP addresses, and publishing and storing resources through the same hash function. When the keys of the resources are unique, the resources will be evenly distributed across each node, thereby achieving load balancing. However, in cases where many identical resources are published, this method leads to specific nodes bearing too much load, causing performance bottlenecks and resource concentration issues. In Web 3.0, when the nodes use the resource’s topic as the key to publish resources, as the topic’s popularity increases, the number of nodes using the same key as the publishing node and the nodes with demand for the topic resources will also increase. In the traditional Chord algorithm, the same key will be managed by the same node. The node responsible for the key needs to save the routing information of all related nodes and cope with a large number of resource requests for it. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new variant of the Chord algorithm, which uses two different Chord rings for resource clustering: one based on the hash of resource names and the other based on the hash of IP addresses. This method allows us to allocate resources more effectively, ensuring each node bears a reasonable load share according to capacity. This paper will present the design principles of this method and validate its effectiveness in improving resource distribution and reducing the problem of single-point overload through experiments.
Run-time Application Migration using Checkpoint/Restore In Userspace
Authors: Tošić Aleksandar
Published: August 2024

This paper presents an empirical study on the feasibility of using Checkpoint/Restore In Userspace (CRIU) for run-time application migration between hosts, with a particular focus on edge computing and cloud infrastructures. The paper provides experimental support for CRIU in Docker and offers insights into the impact of application memory usage on checkpoint size, time, and resources. Through a series of tests, we establish that the time to checkpoint is linearly proportional to the size of the memory allocation of the container, while the restore is significantly lower. Our findings contribute to the understanding of CRIU’s performance and its potential use in edge computing scenarios. To obtain accurate and meaningful findings, we monitored system telemetry while using CRIU to observe its impact on the host machine’s CPU and RAM utilization. Although our results may not be groundbreaking, they offer a good overview and a technical report on the feasibility of using CRIU on edge devices, which are typically resource constrained. This study’s findings and experimental support for CRIU in Docker could serve as a useful reference for future research on performance optimization and application migration using CRIU.
Solitary Bees Are More Efficient Pollinators of Sponge Gourd than Giant honeybees and Syrphid Flies
Authors: Abdullah Sibbaha , Ali Mudssar , Khan Fawad Z. A. , Sajjad Asif , Qayyum Mirza Abdul , Ahmad Nadeem
Published: August 2024

Cucurbits comprise a vast group of vegetables grown worldwide, including Pakistan. The sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) is a summer vegetable in Asia. Because of its monoecious nature, sponge gourd necessitates more pollination, and fruit production occurs only in the presence of insect pollinators. This study compared the foraging behavior and pollination effectiveness of the most abundant sponge gourd floral visitors, including five solitary bees and a giant honeybee, Apis dorsata. The foraging behavior was assessed regarding visitation rate, visitation frequency, and time spent per flower, while pollination effectiveness was assessed regarding pollen deposition and fruit set in a single visit. The bees constituted 91% of total pollinator abundance, followed by the flies (8%). Apis dorsata was the most abundant visitor, followed by Xylocopa sp., Lassioglossum sp., and Amegilla sp. Solitary bees, including Amegilla sp. and Nomia sp., demonstrated greater single-visit efficiency in pollen deposition and fruit set than A. dorsata and syrphid fly. Conservation of Amegilla sp. and Nomia sp. can enhance fruit production for sponge gourd and other vegetables cultivated in Punjab, Pakistan, by providing floral resources and nesting places.
Intestinal Bacteria Aid Termites in Response to Entomopathogen Infection According to the Metagenome and Meta-transcriptome
Authors: Tang Yaling , Zhou Si , Kong Yunhui , Qin Sheng , Sun Xia , Li Muwang , Wang Qian
Published: August 2024

Intestinal symbionts live in insects’ digestive systems and help with food digestion, nitrogen cycling, and energy use. Numerous symbionts, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, colonize the posterior gut of termites. Intestinal microbiota affects the Toll or Imd pathways during viral or entomopathogenic fungus infection in mosquitoes, but the role of intestinal symbionts in individual termite immunity is unclear. In the present research, Odontotermes formosanus and Metarhizium robertsii were selected to investigate the potential mechanism of the intestinal bacteria influencing termite innate immune while encountering an entomopathogen using metagenome sequencing and meta-transcriptome sequencing. We found that termite mortality declined within 48 hours under high spore infections and reached semi-lethal status within 72 hours. We sequenced the control and infestation termite and found that the dominant phyla changed below low-abundance flora during infestation. According to function annotation, the functions of spirochetes are significantly different from those of the rest of the phyla, which are mainly enriched in metabolism and cellular processes. There are 261 upregulated and 459 down-regulated DEGs derived from bacteria after infestation. We identified the glutamate-cysteine ligase gene, gshA, which is significantly upregulated in the infected group, and the GSH content in the regular infected group was higher than the 5% kanamycin-infected group. We speculated on a potential mechanism that one or more bacteria belonging to Spirochetes that upregulated gshA gene expression and increased GSH content in the hindgut to integrate with metarhizium toxins and then excrete out of the intestine.
A new species of the Ant Genus Leptanilla Emery, 1870 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from sichuan Province, China
Authors: Zhong Ying
Published: August 2024

A new species of Leptanilla Emery, L. sichuanensis sp. nov., is described based on the worker caste from Sichuan, China. This new species is highly similar to L. macauensis Leong, Yamane & Guénard, sharing a conspicuous and strong central clypeal protuberance and clypeal lobes, along with a microspine-like subpetiolar process. The following characteristics of L. sichuanensis sp. nov. serve to distinguish it from the species: anteromedial circular disc of clypeal protuberance does not present a pair of triangular extensions on its medial margin, and instead has a complete curve; head and antennal scape longer in comparison (CI 67–70, SI 63–66); inferolateral margin of antennal toruli stretched angularly. An illustrated identification key for the Chinese Leptanilla based on the worker caste is provided.
What Makes Them Masters of Survival? Unraveling the Intricacies of Adaptive Thrive of Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in the Dynamic Ecosystems of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sabatina P. , Srinivasan M.R. , Murugan M. , Saminathan V.R.
Published: August 2024

Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), commonly called ‘Dammar bees in India,’ inhabit concealed environments across various ecosystems. They possess significant ecological importance as ‘Keystone Pollinators’, contributing crucially to the pollination of diverse flowering plants. Increased attention is being given to the patterning aspects of nests in nature. Our investigation into this occurrence within human-inhabited environments is characterized by repeated spatio-temporal patterns. Various criteria, including habitat preference, nesting pattern, orientations, elevation, and nest architecture, were chosen to assess the preferences of an indigenous stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith, at 30 different locations in Tamil Nadu, India. Most colonies inhabited walls (50.0%), followed by tree trunks (33.33%). The maximum height of nest entrances from ground level, a significant parameter for adaptive defense patterns, ranged from 1.3 m to 2.98 m. Additionally, the circumference of nest entrances varied from 1.29 cm to 2.45 cm. The length of the external tube ranged from 1.1 cm to 3.24 cm, playing a crucial role in defense by presenting a thin layer of mud capping to prevent the entry of intruders. Bees can effectively thwart threats and predators Through complex nesting architecture, including resin and mud coating, pillar-like batumen structures, waxy solid buildings, and multiple nest entrances. Thus, the population and their colony propagation could be sustained.
Improvement of Noise Performance in the Phase Locking Laser Doppler Vibrometer with a Low Carrier Frequency via Harmonic Locking
Authors: Rembe Christian , Gao Chunlin
Published: August 2024

A heterodyne laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) with a Bragg cell has a stationary signal carrier at a frequency of at least 35 MHz. The expensive Bragg cell with the restricted shift frequency is not an optimal solution to meet the requirements for many measurement scenarios. For vibrations with low frequencies and small amplitudes, a tens-of-megahertz carrier frequency wastes not only bandwidth at the photodetector but also requires a fast and expensive analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Compared to the Bragg-cell-based LDVs, LDVs with an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) enable a selectable carrier and, thus, can provide a low carrier frequency. However, obviously problems arise when the carrier frequency is smaller than the laser linewidth and OPLL bandwidth. We accidentally were able to offset-lock the OPLL on the harmonic component of the heterodyne oscillator signal and explored this phenomenon, which enables carrier frequencies much smaller than the laser linewidth of the locked lasers at a smaller noise level. In this paper, we demonstrate a carrier frequency down to 3 MHz with a 3.3 dB better signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) compared to the traditional locking technology. Our findings may enable very cost-efficient LDVs.
Histone Acetyl Transferase 1 Is Overexpressed in Poor Prognosis, High-grade Meningeal and Glial Brain Cancers: Immunohistochemical and Aptahistochemical Study
Authors: Bargiela-Cuevas Sandra , Marin María , Gabaldon-Ojeda María , Klett-Mingo José I. , Granado Paula , Sacristan Silvia , Esteban-Lasso Alfonso , Casas José G. , Martin María E. , González Victor M. M. , Royuela Mar , García-Tuñon Ignacio , Ortega Núñez Miguel Angel , Lobo María del Val Toledo
Published: August 2024

Primary malignancies of the central nervous system account for 2% of all cancers in adults and almost 15% in children under 15 years of age. The prognosis of brain anaplastic cancers and glioblastomas remains extremely poor, with devastating survival expectative, and new molecular markers and therapeutic targets are essential. Epigenetic changes constitute an extensive field for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Histone acetyl transferase-1 (HAT1) has merged as a potential prognostic marker and therapy target for different malignancies. Data repository analysis showed HAT1 mRNA overexpression in gliomas and has been described its alternative splicing in glioblastomas. Using immunohistochemical and aptahistochemical methods, we analyzed the expression of HAT1 in meningiomas, oligodendrogliomas, and astroglial cancers. We observed that HAT1 overexpression is associated with the most aggressive tumor types and the worse prognosis, as well as with a higher probability of early relapse in meningiomas. Its cytosolic localization correlates with tumor progression and prognosis. Aptamers, synthetic oligonucleotides capable to bind and inhibit a wide variety of targets, are considered as promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Aptahistochemistry using the aptamer apHAT610 offered superior results in comparison with the antibody used, as a good example of the potential of aptamers as diagnostic tools for histopathology.
Protein characterization of an Indonesian isolate of foot and mouth disease virus inactivated with formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine
Authors: Kurniawan Yudha , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Rahmahani Jola , Puspitasari Yulianna , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Azzahra Fadia , Tobing Talenta Miracle , Aswin Ahmad , Diyantoro Diyantoro , Maulana Firdausy Kurnia , Susilowati Helen , Kuncorojakti Suryo , Rantam Fedik Abdul
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-footed animals. It is a major threat to livestock production worldwide, causing significant economic losses. Inactivation of FMD virus (FMDV) is crucial for vaccine development and control of outbreaks. However, traditional inactivation methods can sometimes damage the viral protein, affecting vaccine efficacy. Therefore, finding new inactivating agents that effectively inactivate the virus while preserving the integrity of its proteins is an important research area. This study investigated the optimal materials (0.04% formaldehyde, 0.001 M binary ethylenimine [BEI], or a combination) for inactivating and preserving the specific molecular weight of Serotype O FMDV protein.

Materials and Methods: This study used serotype O FMDV isolated from several areas of East Java. The virus was inoculated into baby hamster kidney-21 cells, and the titer was calculated using the TCID50 Assay. The virus was inactivated using 0.04% formaldehyde, 0.001 M BEI, or a combination of 0.04% formaldehyde and 0.001 M BEI. Inactive viral proteins were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting.

Results: Serotype O FMDV can be inactivated using 0.04% formaldehyde while preserving specific FMDV proteins, specifically VP0 and VP3 with a molecular weight (MW) of 36 kDa and VP3 with a MW of 24 kDa. Serotype O FMDV can be inactivated by 0.001 M BEI while preserving specific FMDV proteins, specifically VP0 with a MW of 35 kDa, VP3 with a MW of 28 kDa, and VP1 with a MW of 23 kDa. FMDV serotype O can be inactivated using a combination of 0.04% formaldehyde and 0.001 M BEI while preserving specific FMDV proteins, specifically VP0 and VP3 with a MW of 36 kDa and VP3 with a MW of 24 kDa.

Conclusion: This study found that 0.04% formaldehyde, alone or in combination with 0.001 M BEI, was effective for inactivating and preserving the specific molecular weight of Serotype O FMDV protein. The limitation of this study was the inactivations of the virus have not yet been tested for their potency on experimental animals. Further research is warranted to investigate the inactivation kinetics of these materials, including their potency on experimental animals. Additionally, a comparison of the inactivation rates between 0.04% formaldehyde alone and the combination with BEI would help to determine the optimal inactivation agent for future applications.

Keywords: binary ethylenimine, foot-and-mouth disease virus, formaldehyde, protein.
Single-Session Endoscopic Ultrasound–Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Simultaneous Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Transmural Gallbladder Drainage in Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholecystitis After Unsuccessful Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Hussain Azhar , Kumar Vishnu Charan Suresh , Khan Hafiz Muzaffar Akbar
Published: August 2024

In patients considered high risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, percutaneous gallbladder drainage is traditionally considered first-line treatment option. Recent evidence supports endoscopic gallbladder drainage as a safe and feasible alternate option. We describe a case of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery patient with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis with unsuccessful laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of difficult operative field, underwent successful single-session endoscopic ultrasound–directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound–guided transmural gallbladder drainage at our institution.