bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPH-ALE Scheme for Weakly Compressible Viscous Flow with a Posteriori Stabilization
Authors: Eirís Antonio , Ramírez Luis , Fernández-Fidalgo Javier , Couceiro Iván , Nogueira Xesús
Published: January 2021

A highly accurate SPH method with a new stabilization paradigm has been introduced by the authors in a recent paper aimed to solve Euler equations for ideal gases. We present here the extension of the method to viscous incompressible flow. Incompressibility is tackled assuming a weakly compressible approach. The method adopts the SPH-ALE framework and improves accuracy by taking high-order variable reconstruction of the Riemann states at the midpoints between interacting particles. The moving least squares technique is used to estimate the derivatives required for the Taylor approximations for convective fluxes, and also provides the derivatives needed to discretize the viscous flux terms. Stability is preserved by implementing the a posteriori Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) method procedure thus avoiding the utilization of any slope/flux limiter or artificial viscosity. The capabilities of the method are illustrated by solving one- and two-dimensional Riemann problems and benchmark cases. The proposed methodology shows improvements in accuracy in the Riemann problems and does not require any parameter calibration. In addition, the method is extended to the solution of viscous flow and results are validated with the analytical Taylor–Green, Couette and Poiseuille flows, and lid-driven cavity test cases.
Optical Methods for River Monitoring: A Simulation-Based Approach to Explore Optimal Experimental Setup for LSPIV
Authors: Pumo Dario , Alongi Francesco , Ciraolo Giuseppe , Noto Leonardo
Published: January 2021

Recent advances in image-based methods for environmental monitoring are opening new frontiers for remote streamflow measurements in natural environments. Such techniques offer numerous advantages compared to traditional approaches. Despite the wide availability of cost-effective devices and software for image processing, these techniques are still rarely systematically implemented in practical applications, probably due to the lack of consistent operational protocols for both phases of images acquisition and processing. In this work, the optimal experimental setup for LSPIV based flow velocity measurements under different conditions is explored using the software PIVlab, investigating performance and sensitivity to some key factors. Different synthetic image sequences, reproducing a river flow with a realistic velocity profile and uniformly distributed floating tracers, are generated under controlled conditions. Different parametric scenarios are created considering diverse combinations of flow velocity, tracer size, seeding density, and environmental conditions. Multiple replications per scenario are processed, using descriptive statistics to characterize errors in PIVlab estimates. Simulations highlight the crucial role of some parameters (e.g., seeding density) and demonstrate how appropriate video duration, frame-rate and parameters setting in relation to the hydraulic conditions can efficiently counterbalance many of the typical operative issues (i.e., scarce tracer concentration) and improve algorithms performance.
Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Groundwater from the Gran Canaria Island (Spain)
Authors: Montesdeoca-Esponda Sarah , Palacios-Díaz María del Pino , Estévez Esmeralda , Sosa-Ferrera Zoraida , Santana-Rodríguez José Juan , Cabrera María del Carmen
Published: January 2021

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the whole environment is a growing concern. These compounds might be present in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants and, hence, irrigation with treated sewage may be a source of groundwater pollution. The volcanic aquifer that lies NE of Gran Canaria (Spain) was studied to address the relationship of the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds and a golf course that has been irrigated with regenerated water since 1973. Of the 14 analyzed groundwater samples, five wells were chosen to perform annual monitoring. Irrigation water and soil leachate were also evaluated. The target analytes were atenolol, metamizole, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, nicotine, permethrin, caffeine, and their metabolite paraxanthine. The environmental risk is limited as the concentrations of the pharmaceuticals measured in the sampled wells were always below 60 ng·L−1 (lower than the detected caffeine and nicotine concentrations). Wide variations for the same wells were measured among sampling campaigns, and also among the different wells. The study points to the importance of sample conservation during transport and the need to perform analyses immediately, or to follow an in-situ extraction procedure to carry concentrated samples under better conditions.
The Three Piano Sonatas by José de Almeida Penalva
Authors:   ,   West Virginia University, Moreira Heron
Published: January 2021

This research project discusses the three piano sonatas by José de Almeida Penalva (1924-2002), a priest and composer from the southern region of Brazil, who lived most of his life in the city of Curitiba, in Paraná state. Along with overall information about the composer’s life and general output, the reader will find brief discussions of Penalva’s keyboard works, along with comprehensive formal analyses of his three piano sonatas. Sonata no. 1 (1970, chronologically the second to be written) appears in one large movement that reveals two distinct sections. Its language is atonal and its first section displays sonata-allegro form. The work employs twelve-tone technique along with folklore elements from the Brazilian genres seresta and desafio. Sonata no. 2 (1960, chronologically the first to be written) employs free modal language in each of its three contrasting movements. According to Penalva’s own indications, the first movement draws on the styles of George Gershwin and Béla Bartók, the second movement refers to Camargo Guarnieri (Brazilian composer who lived from 1907-1993), and the third evokes Anton Webern. Although no material from these composers is directly quoted, it is possible to recognize their stylistic traits within the respective movements. Sonata no. 3 (1991) is the most complex and technically demanding among the three sonatas. It employs free atonal language and displays three highly contrasting movements. Some folk elements also appear, as for example the third movement's energetic rhythm, which clearly suggests the Brazilian popular genre baião. This research project is the first part of a larger undertaking that the author hopes will eventually include a commercial recording of all three sonatas, along with preparing a new performance edition that takes into account the many discrepancies among the composer’s manuscripts and the currently available editions. It is the author’s sincere hope that this research can help to popularize this repertoire, which is colorful and satisfying, but remains relatively unknown, both in Brazil and beyond.
Attitudes of transgender men and non-binary people to cervical screening: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study in the UK
Authors: Berner Alison M , Connolly Dean J , Pinnell Imogen , Wolton Aedan , MacNaughton Adriana , Challen Chloe , Nambiar Kate , Bayliss Jacob , Barrett James , Richards Christina
Published: January 2021

Background

Transgender men and non-binary people assigned female at birth (TMNB) who have not had surgery to remove the cervix are recommended to undertake cervical screening with the same frequency as cisgender women, but evidence suggests that TMNB have lower odds of lifetime and up-to-date cervical screening uptake.

Aim

To understand the attitudes towards and preferences for cervical screening among UK-based TMNB.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional survey of TMNB at an NHS gender identity clinic (GIC) and an NHS sexual health service specialising in care of transgender people.

Method

Recruitment was via email invitations to patients of the GIC and sexual health service. Inclusion criteria were: female sex assigned at birth; transgender man, masculine, or non-binary gender identity; aged ≥18 years; and UK resident. Quantitative results were analysed using descriptive statistics, and free-text comments were analysed thematically.

Results

In total there were 137 participants; 80% identified as transmasculine,18% as non-binary, and the remaining participants reported other noncisgender identities. Sixty-four participants (47%) were eligible for cervical screening and 37 (58%) of those had been screened. Only 34 (53%) of those eligible felt they had sufficient information about cervical screening. Just over half (n = 71/134, 53%) stated they would like the option to self-swab for high-risk human papillomavirus. Only half (n = 68/134, 51%) of participants were in favour of an automatic invitation for cervical screening. Thematic analysis identified a number of additional barriers to and facilitators of screening.

Conclusion

TMNB have identified numerous potential areas for change that may improve cervical screening uptake and patient experience.
Smoking cessation intervention in Australian general practice: a secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gobarani Rukshar K , Zwar Nicholas A , Russell Grant , Abramson Michael J , Bonevski Billie , Holland Anne E , Paul Eldho , Cox Narelle S , Wilson Sally , George Johnson
Published: January 2021

Background

GPs have limited capacity to routinely provide smoking cessation support. New strategies are needed to reach all smokers within this setting.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-coordinated interdisciplinary smoking cessation intervention delivered in Australian general practice.

Design and setting

Secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) conducted in 41 Australian general practices.

Method

In all, 690 current smokers were included in this study: 373 from intervention clinics (n= 21) and 317 from control clinics (n= 18). A total of 166 current smokers had spirometry-confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the intervention clinics, trained pharmacists provided smoking cessation support plus Quitline referral. Control clinics provided usual care plus Quitline referral. Those with COPD in the intervention group (n= 84) were referred for home medicines review (HMR) and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (HomeBase), which included further smoking cessation support. Outcomes included carbon monoxide (CO)-validated smoking abstinence, self-reported use of smoking cessation aids, and differences between groups in readiness-to-quit score at 6 months.

Results

Intention-to-treat analysis showed similar CO-validated abstinence rates at 6 months in the intervention (4.0%) and control clinics (3.5%). No differences were observed in readiness-to-quit scores between groups at 6 months. CO-validated abstinence rates were similar in those who completed HMR and at least six sessions of HomeBase to those with COPD in usual care.

Conclusion

A pharmacist-coordinated interdisciplinary smoking cessation intervention when integrated in a general practice setting had no advantages over usual care. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of HMR and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on smoking abstinence in smokers with COPD.
Bharathi’s Concept of Women Liberation: Legacy and novelty
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Tamil, Bharathi Women’s College (A), Chennai-600108, India, B Kalpana
Published: January 2021

Subramania Bharathi is probably the greatest poet in the History of Tamil literature. Many books and articles have been written both in English and Tamil praising his works and criticizing him for the past hundred years. His works have been taken up for research, to analyze Nationalism, language, politics, literature, translation, philosophy, feminism and religion. This book entitled “Bharathi’s concept of women liberation: Legacy and novelty” analyzes his feminist thoughts and the lives of women during his period. The author of this book Dr. B. Kalpana carefully analyzes about Bharathi’s works, his period, tradition, his innovative and modern thoughts that paved the way to the future generation. In this book, Dr. B. Kalpana points out, how Bharathi overcame tradition, and became a revolutionary poet of the twentieth century. Bharathi’s feminist ideology is carefully analyzed in this book from the historical perspective.
Study of Cataract in Relation to Axial Length and Refractivity of the Eye
Authors: Sharma Surabhi , Tripathy Satyaswarup , Rizvi Syed Ali Raza
Published: January 2021

Aim: To ascertain the association between different types and densities of age-related cataract with axial length and refractive state of the eye.Methods: This prospective observational institute-based study enrolled 462 eyes of 450 patients aged 40 years or older. Eyes were classified as myopic (axial length, >25 mm), emmetropic (axial length, 21-25 mm), and hypermetropic (axial length, <21 mm). Refractive error was defined as myopia (spherical equivalent, <-0.5 D) and hypermetropia (spherical equivalent, >+0.5 D). Cataract was categorised as nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular. Nuclear density was measured based on the Emery and Little Classification after slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Student t test for unpaired samples and Fisher and Yates tables were used to analyse statistical significance.Results: Emmetropia was the most common condition (417 eyes). The most common cataract combination was nuclear with posterior subcapsular (n = 198; 44%). In the axial myopia group, nuclear cataract was thecommonest type, alone or in combination with other types (n = 33; 100%). Most eyes had refractive error of 0 to -5 D. The grade of nuclear cataract increased with increasing age (n = 48 for grade IV nuclear cataract in the 70 to 79 years age group). In all age groups, a higher grade of nuclear sclerosis was significantly associated with axial length (t = 2.2; p < 0.05). The relationship was also significant for posterior subcapsular cataract (t = 2.7; p < 0.05).Conclusions: Nuclear cataract leads to a myopic shift in refraction. In otherwise healthy eyes, there is a gradual hypermetropic shift. The prevalence and grade of nuclear cataract increases with age. Longer axial length is associated with a higher grade of nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract.
Use of Non-ophthalmic Ultrasound for Evaluation of Retinal Detachment in Patients with Opaque Media
Authors: Kongsap Pipat , Kongsap Nuanrat
Published: January 2021

Aim: To examine the accuracy of non-ophthalmic ultrasonography for detecting retinal detachment in eyes with opaque media.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a 1-year period. Eyes with opaque media in the form of a mature cataract, occluded pupils, or vitreous haemorrhage that precluded visualisation of the fundus were examined using non-ophthalmic ultrasound to detect retinal detachment. The clinical findings reported by the ophthalmologist were compared with the radiologist’s assessment.Results: Of the 95 eyes of 94 patients enrolled in the study, 86 had mature cataract, 7 had vitreous opacity, and 2 had eye trauma. Fifteen eyes (15.8%) showed evidence of posterior segment pathology on ultrasonography, with underlying conditions of retinal detachment (n = 7; 7.4%), posterior vitreous detachment (n = 5; 5.3%), asteroid hyalosis (n = 1; 1.1%), a vitreous traction membrane attached to the optic disc (n = 1; 1.1%), and intraocular foreign body (n = 1; 1.1%). Using non-ophthalmic ultrasonography, retinal detachment was detected in all 7 eyes, to achieve a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 56-100%) and a specificity of 99% (95% confidence interval, 92-99%).Conclusions: Non-ophthalmic ultrasound is highly accurate for excluding retinal detachment, and may have a role in diagnosing retinal detachment in patients presenting with opaque media.
Subretinal crystalline lens – an unusual complication of blunt trauma
Authors: Nagaraj Kalpana Badami , Tirumale Srilatha , Sriprakash K S , Savitha C S , Jayadev Chaitra
Published: January 2021

We describe the case of a 65-year-old Indian male with a subretinal crystalline lens; an unusual complication of blunt trauma. The patient underwent a three port pars plana vitrectomy during which the subretinal location of the crystalline lens under the inferior giant retinal tear was confirmed. The lens was maneuvered into the vitreous cavity and appropriately managed.
Isolated corneal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with unilateral dry eye symptoms
Authors: Zarei Ganavati Siamak , Eslampoor Alireza , Farzadnia Mehdi , Habib Jafari
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to report a case of isolated corneal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with unilateral dry eye symptoms. The case was a 48 years old man with history of thermal corneal injury on his left eye two years ago with decreased visual acuity and dry eye symptoms a short time after, which was treated with the diagnosis of dry eye and had no improvement in symptoms. Examination revealed hypertrophy of near total corneal epithelium, without limbal and conjunctival involvement. The surface of the lesion was irregular with punctate epithelial erosions. The patient was underwent excisional biopsy which was revealed severe corneal dysplasia (carcinoma in situ). After excision, the patient was treated with Fluorouracil and there was no sign of recurrence till the time of last follow-up examination. Dry eye symptoms were disappeared completely. We conclude that, in the case of unilateral chronic dry eye which was resistant to the treatment with signs of corneal epithelial involvement, isolated corneal neoplasia should be considered even without limbal or conjunctival involvement.
Postoperative enophthalmos correction and secondary midfacial reconstruction after complex orbital-maxillary fracture repair
Authors: Yau Gordon S.K. , Chu Aaron T.K. , Lee Jacky W.Y. , Chu Byron T.H. , Yuen Can Y.F.
Published: January 2021

Reconstruction of orbital wall and midfacial fractures pose a great challenge to oculoplastic surgeons as it may be associated with persistent post-operative enophthalmos, ocular misalignement, and facial asymmetry, requiring secondary reconstructive procedures. Cosmetically unacceptable post-operative enophthalmos should be revised. Several methods have been described including revision of the primary surgical implant or placement of additional implants. In the following case report, we describe a simple technique through a single transconjunctival incision to manage post-operative enophthalmos and secondary midfacial asymmetry following primary repair of a complex orbital-maxillary fracture.
Evaluation of the prevalence and severity of xerophthalmia in head and neck cancers patients undergoing curative radiotherapy
Authors: V Sowmya , Jayachander Dipika , Kamath Vijna , Rao Mithun SK , Tonse Mohammed Raees , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: January 2021

Background: The study objective was to assess the development of xerophthalmia [dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca] in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.Methods: Twenty two head and neck cancer patients requiring more than 60 Gy of curative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy and ten patients requiring radiotherapy/ chemoradiotherapy for treating cancers in the non head and neck regions (like breast, oesophagus, prostate, cervix and rectal cancers) were also enrolled in the study. The development of DES was studied at the beginning (day 0, before the start of radiotherapy) at day 21 (after completion of 30 Gy) and on completion of the treatment (> 60 Gy). As a comparative cohort, people with non head and neck cancer needing curative radiotherapy were also evaluated for comparison.Results: There was no difference in degree of DES between the Head and Neck cancer cohorts and non head and neck group at the beginning of treatment. However there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the two groups at both mid and end of RT time point. Inter comparison between the various time points in the head and neck cancer group showed that the incidence of DES increased with the radiation exposure and was significant (pre to mid p < 0.001; and mid to end p < 0.005). A negative (r = -0.262) correlation was seen between DES and distance.Conclusions: The study showed that lesser the distance from the epicenter of the radiation to the orbital rim more was the severity of DES.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Mustapha Mushawiahti
Published: January 2021

Background: To evaluate changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: In this case-controlled study, COPD subjectswith various disease durations andseverity were recruited. The standard global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria was used to determine the severity of COPD in the subjects.Healthy individuals were recruited as the control group. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using spectral domain OCT.Results: Seventy oneeyes of71 COPD patients and 71 eyes ofhealthy controls were examined. The RNFL in all quadrants and the average RNFL were significantly thinner in patients with COPD compared to the control group (p<0.05). There were significant correlationsbetween severity of COPD and RNFL thickness (p<0.05) for the average RNFL (r=0.831) and RNFL in all quadrants(superior RNFLr=0.736, inferior RNFL r=0.681, nasal RNFL r=0.600, andtemporal RNFL r=0.353). Similar significant correlations were found between RNFL thickness and duration of COPD (p<0.005) for the average RNFL(r=-0.674) and RNFL in all quadrants (superior r=-0.615, inferior r=-0.472, nasal r=-0.484, and temporal r=-0.323). The risk of having a thin RNFL (odds ratio) was 13 fold higher in patients with COPD.Conclusions: These results suggest that COPD causes thinning of the RNFL, and severe retinal nerve fiber injury occurs more frequently in advanced COPD.
Prevalence of ocular surface disease in patients with glaucoma on topical medications
Authors: Pai Vijaya , Reddy L Satya Hareesh
Published: January 2021

Aim: To compare the prevalence of ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients using antiglaucoma medications vs normal subjects.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: A total of 94 patients with glaucoma on topical medications were included in the study group. Age- and gender-matched normal subjects (n = 94) formed the control group. They were assessed for OSD using ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), Lissamine green staining, and Schirmer’s test.

Results: The prevalence of OSD was significantly more in the study group (72.4%) when compared to controls (44.6%) using the OSDI questionnaire. Schirmer’s test showed 84% patients had decreased tear production in the study group vs 53% in controls. TBUT was abnormal in 67.1% of the study group and of 47.8% controls. Lissamine green staining was positive in 36.2% of patients in the study group and 31.8% of controls.

Conclusion: OSD was more common in patients using intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drugs than in controls. Long-term therapy and multiple medications were associated with severe OSD.
SELECCIÓN ENTRE Y DENTRO DE FAMILIAS DE HERMANOS COMPLETOS DE MAIZ EN CHIAPAS, MÉXICO
Authors: Coutiño-Estrada Bulmaro , Sánchez-Grajalez Grisel , Vidal-Martínez Víctor A.
Published: January 2021

Entre 2002 y 2005 se hicieron tres ciclos de selección recurrente de familias de hermanos completos en tres variedades de maíz (Zea mays L.) que se cultivan comercialmente en Chiapas: ‘V-424’ (de ciclo precoz), ‘V-534’ (de ciclo intermedio) y ‘V-526’ (de ciclo tardío). El objetivo fue incrementar sus rendimientos de grano, y a la vez mantener el fenotipo y madurez de cada población. Durante los ciclos agrícolas de temporal o secano de 2005 y de riego de 2006 se evaluaron en Ocozocoautla y Villaflores, Chiapas, México, a 14 variedades experimentales formadas de los ciclos uno, dos y tres de cada población, más su población original. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre localidades y entre variedades para las tres poblaciones en el rendimiento de grano, y la interacción localidades x variedades sólo fue significativa para la población ‘V-534’; las variedades experimentales ‘V-424 Coita C3’, ‘V-534 Coita C3’ y ‘V-526 Villaflores C3’ superaron en rendimiento a las respectivas variedades originales, sin cambiar su fenotipo y madurez, con respuestas de 3.0 %, 5.2 % y 4.2 % por ciclo de selección, respectivamente.
APPLE FRUIT CHEMICAL THINNING IN CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO
Authors: Berlanga-Reyes David I. , Romo-Chacón Alejandro , Martínez-Campos Ángel R. , Guerrero-Prieto Víctor M.
Published: January 2021

Chemical fruit thinning is a common practice in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) orchards for achieving high quality fruits, reduced costs of hand-thinning and promote return of flowering. Hand thinning is a common and high cost practice, not only due to the labor involved, but also because seedling and vigorous clonal rootstocks result in large trees. The chemical thinning agents: Ethephon (ETH), Carbaryl (CB), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6- Benzyladenine (6-BA), and fish oil were evaluated on ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘RedChief Delicious’ apple trees in 2004 and 2005. Chemical thinning effect was compared with early and late handthinnings. Treatments were sprayed when the biggest fruit in the clusters was 10 mm in equatorial diameter. NAA showed the best effect in reducing final fruit set in both cultivars and years evaluated, with results comparable to those of early hand-thinning (thinned when king-fruit size was 10 mm) in ‘Golden Delicious’ trees. In ‘RedChief Delicious’, fruit set reduction by NAA, fish oil and CB treatments was similar to early hand-thinned trees only in 2005. In 2005, time spent during supplementary hand-thinning in ‘Golden Delicious’ trees was reduced by chemical thinning treatments, except by fish oil; whereas in ‘RedChief Delicious’ only NAA K-salt reduced it in 2004. An increase in fruit equatorial diameter was observed only in 2004 with NAA and fish oil. Alternate bearing, typical of ‘Golden Delicious’, was not diminished by these chemical thinning treatments.
POTENCIAL AGRONÓMICO DE VARIEDADES CRIOLLAS DE MAÍZ CACAHUACINTLE EN EL VALLE DE TOLUCA
Authors: Arellano-Vázquez José L. , Gámez-Vázquez A. Josué , Ávila-Perches Miguel A.
Published: January 2021

La producción de maíz Cacahuacintle (Zea mays L.) del Valle de Toluca se comercializa principalmente como elote y grano para pozole, a un precio de 75 a 300 % por arriba del precio del maíz blanco. La producción de maíz Cacahuacintle en la región depende de las variedades criollas. En este estudio se evaluaron bajo condiciones de secano, 42 variedades criollas de maíz Cacahuacintle, y los híbridos comerciales ‘H-33’, ‘H-44’ y ‘H-137’, en experimentos establecidos en Calimaya y Metepec, ambas en El Valle de Toluca, Estado de México. Se utilizó el diseño experimental bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Entre localidades se detectaron diferencias (P ≤ 0.01) para altura de planta y de mazorca, número de mazorcas por planta y rendimiento de grano. Entre variedades hubo diferencias (P ≤ 0.01) para días a floración femenina, mazorcas por planta, acame y rendimiento. Las variedades llegaron a floración femenina entre 99 y 106 d después de la siembra, con un nivel de acame de 12 a 24 %, y se caracterizaron como variedades tardías con acame de moderado a alto. El rendimiento de las mejores variedades criollas varió de 7.5 a 8.9 t ha-1 y las variedades 7, 11 y 32 destacaron por sus altos valores de rendimiento, peso hectolítrico y peso de 100 semillas.
Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of methylene blue adsorption using Leucaena leucocephala
Authors: Kul Ali Rıza , Aldemir Adnan
Published: January 2021

In recent years, great focused has been placed on the development of low-cost adsorbents to be used for applications regarding treatment of wastewater. In this study, Leucaena leucocephala peel (LLP) was used for adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The experiments were conducted at seven concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 mg L-1) and three temperatures (298, 308, 318 K). The obtained data were applied to adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that Freundlich isotherm was more appropriate compared to Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The kinetic results indicated that the process fitted pseudo second order model with higher R2 values compared to pseudo first order and intra-particle diffusion models. Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy values were calculated for 298 K as 2.776 kJ mol-1, 6.262 kJ mol-1 and 11.699 J mol-1, respectively.
Investigation of the usability of zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by microwave assisted combustion method as photocatalyst for removal of organic dyes from wastewaters
Authors: Karcıoğlu Karakaş Zeynep
Published: January 2021

In this study, zinc ferrite nanoparticles, which has an important place among the spinel ferrite structured nanomaterials due to its unique properties, were synthesized by microwave-assisted combustion method and later were used as photocatalysts in the removal of dyestuffs by photocatalytic degradation method from wastewaters of textile industry. In the synthesis studies, it was determined that the microwave effect alone was not sufficient to complete the transformation. Heat treatment application is envisaged to solve this problem and in order to determine the optimum heat treatment temperature, the sample produced by microwave effect were subjected to heat treatment at 300℃, 400℃, 500℃, 600℃, 700℃, 800℃ and 900℃, respectively. It has been observed that the heat treatment has a significant effect on the crystal structure of the particles and 700℃ has been determined as the optimum heat treatment temperature. The data obtained showed that, under these conditions, the zinc ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and the powder produced completely consisted of nano-sized particles. Moreover, results showed that the synhesized zinc ferrite nanoparticles has a saturation magnetization value sufficient to separate them from the aqueous medium. Finally, zinc ferrite nanoparticles produced under optimum conditions were used as photocatalysts in the removal of textile dye known as Procion Yellow HE-3G from wastewater by photocatalytic oxidation. In photocatalysis experiments, it was observed that synthesized zinc ferrite nanoparticles provided very high removal efficiencies as photocatalysts and almost all of the dye content in the solution could be removed.
Parasitismo in vitro de Trichoderma asperellum contra Rhizoctonia solani y Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Solórzano Arroyo José Arturo
Published: January 2021

Parasitismo in vitro de Trichoderma asperellum contra Rhizoctonia solani y Fusarium oxysporum. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la actividad antagónica de 23 aislamientos del hongo Trichoderma asperellum, sobre los hongos fitopatógenos Rhizoctonia solani y Fusarium oxysporum aislados de plantas de arroz y tomate respectivamente. Se utilizaron 23 aislamientos de Trichoderma asperellum y un aislamiento de cada fitopatógeno. Se emplearon placas Petri con medio de cultivo PDA para realizar las pruebas de parasitismo, mediante la técnica de enfrentamientos duales.

Para evaluar el nivel de parasitismo se utilizó la escala de Bell. Se realizó un ANDEVA y la comparación de medias mediante la prueba de Tukey con un 95% de confianza. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.0001) entre tratamientos con Rhizoctonia solani. Un 17% de los tratamientos de Trichoderma, INTA-H-4, INTA-H-5(b), INTA-H-7(b), e INTA-H-35 (b,c) lograron parasitar en pocos días al fitopatógeno, con un valor de 1 en la escala de Bell; otro grupo de aislamientos lograron un parasitismo parcial con valores entre 2 y 3 en la escala.

Los aislamientos INTA-H-1(a) e INTA-H-1(b), INTA-H-12(1), INTA-H-12(a) e INTA-H-34(a), que incluyó productos comerciales y recolectados en campo, no mostraron una patogenicidad in vitro eficiente contra R. solani. No se determinaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con F. oxysporum. Este patógeno logró mantenerse en el medio de cultivo sin que ningún aislamiento de Trichoderma asperellum lo parasitara por completo, obteniéndose únicamente grados de parasitismo entre 2,2 y 3.5 en la escala de Bell.Palabras clave: Antagonismo, porcentaje de inhibición, control biológico, micoparasitismo.Keywords: Antagonism, percent Inhibition, biocontrol, mycoparasitism.
W cieniu problemu granicznego. Polska a proces jednoczenia Niemiec w latach 1989–1990
Authors: Jarząbek Wanda
Published: January 2021

The period during which both German states underwent unification was a difficult one for relations between Poland and Germany. The authorities in Warsaw, represented by a government with a non-communist prime minister at its head, expected to be able to obtain an unambiguous declaration regarding the acknowledgement of the border by the RFG as fixed and irrevocable, which, in view of the changes under way in Poland and in Europe, was becoming an urgent.Initially, attempts were made, with a view to clarifying the doubts, on a bilateral basis. To Warsaw, it was incomprehensible that the German side would be  reluctant to make an unambiguous declaration, perceived as such in Warsaw. Then, with the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the events in the GDR and Chancellor H. Kohl’s unveiling of his plan for German unification, the vision of unification drawing ever closer, Warsaw thus become aware of the necessity to  internationalise the issue of unification, e.g., by using the CSCE structures, and was also seeking international support for the unambiguous solution of the border issue. In order to avoid any ambiguities related to the status of the border on the Odra and Nysa Łużycka Rivers, and referring to the decisions taken by the Potsdam Conference, as well as having in mind the legal position of the FRG, according to which, any decisions regarding the borders may be made by the government of united Germany and settled in a peace treaty, Warsaw wanted a peace treaty or a legal settlement of equal rank, acknowledged to be equivalent to the peace settlement set forth in the Potsdam Treaty, to be signed with Germany. Not all Warsaw’s demands were taken into account. United Germany was, however, placed under an obligation to sign a border treaty with Poland. After the process of German unification was completed, the Polish side was left with the impression that Warsaw had fought the battle for the border successfully.
Silesian: From Subdialect to Language after 1989
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz
Published: January 2021

In the past, Silesian was treated as a subdialect of the Polish language (and sometimes of Czech). During the 1990s, following the fall of communism and the establishment of democracy in Poland, most Silesian-speakers decided to treat Silesian as a language in its own right. It became part and parcel of their effort to shed the status of second-class citizens that had been imposed on them in the interwar and communist Poland. Warsaw has not recognized this language yet, but, despite suffering this (quite humiliating) disadvantage, Silesian-speakers have produced a growing number of articles, books, websites, radio and television programmes in their language, winning a recognition for Silesian as a language abroad and among scholars. It appears that the Polish administration’s rigid stance toward the Silesians and their language is dictated by the logic of ethnolinguistic nationalism, which equates the legitimacy and stability of the nation-state with the full ethnolinguistic homogeneity of its population. This article sketches the trajectory of the main events and probes into the state of the discourse on the issue of Silesian language and culture during the quarter of a century after the fall of communism in 1989.
Materialne ślady zbrodni. O „obcych” grobach i cmentarzach wojennych
Authors: Szymoniczek Joanna
Published: January 2021

The construction of war cemeteries always evokes emotions. After the end of an armed conflict, each of which brings death of civilians and soldiers, people continue to think about the fallen and those who fought on their side. When conducting exhumations, inhumations and identification of bodies after the war, the authorities must also deal with the problem of the burial of enemy soldiers. The final resting place of the fallen is usually where they perished. Sometimes these are impressive cemeteries, maintained by local authorities, population and the state for whom the dead soldiers sacrificed their lives. Another time, it is only a forgotten place, somewhere near a dirt road or in the woods, where someone may light a candle. It may also be a mass grave overgrown with long grass, or covered by a newly built park. No one even knows who is buried there. The states on whose territory the grave sites of victims of wars and totalitarian violence are located are required to ensure their legal protection. War graves and cemeteries are now managed by municipalities, associations or social organizations. In order to minimize the controversy surrounding these sites, efforts are taken to preserve the neutral appearance of erected monuments, which are usually limited to simple grey crosses. The construction of war cemeteries always evokes emotions. These places are designed to remind the living of the past and confront them with the consequences of wars and violence. It seems that European societies are now mature enough to ensure that humanitarian reasons are stronger than prejudice and a sense of injustice.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM BANTUAN SOSIAL TUNAI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KELURAHAN PASIR PENGARAIAN
Authors: Melati Melati , Zulkarnaini H.
Published: January 2021

The Cash Social Assistance Program (BST) is assistance sourced from the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia which will be provided to the community based on Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS). The purpose of this research is to find out how the effectiveness of the implementation On Social Cash Assistance program during the Covid-19 pandemic in Pasir Pengaraian Village and to find out what are the factors that hinder the implementation of the BST program. The theory used in this research is the theory of program effectiveness by Budiani using 4 indicators (Accuracy of Target, Program Socialization, Program Objectives, Program Monitoring). To be able to answer these problems the researcher used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach / in this qualitative research the writer used data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and documentation then analyzed based on the research problem. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of the implementation On Social Cash Assistance program during the Covid-19 pandemic in Pasir Pengaraian Village is seen from 4 indicators (Accuracy of Target, Program Socialization, Program Objectives, Program Monitoring) have not been effective. The inhibiting factors in this study were data validation and programs that were issued suddenly.
Comparison of characteristics of thin-film transistor with In2O3 and carbon-doped In2O3 channels by atomic layer deposition and post-metallization annealing in O3
Authors: Kobayashi Riku , Nabatame Toshihide , Onaya Takashi , Ohi Akihiko , Ikeda Naoki , Nagata Takahiro , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Ogura Atsushi
Published: January 2021

Characteristics of thin-film transistors (TFTs) with amorphous In2O3 (InO1.2) and carbon-doped In2O3 (InO1.16C0.04) channels by post-metallization annealing (PMA) process were investigated. The InO1.2 TFT changed from metallic to switching behavior after PMA at 200 °C. In contrast, the InO1.16C0.04 TFT exhibited superior properties such as a threshold voltage (V
th) of 3.2 V and a high mobility of 20.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 at PMA 150 °C because of the reduction of excess oxygen vacancies. A large negative V
th shift was observed for the InO1.2 TFT for 10 800 s in N2 under zero bias voltage while there was no V
th change for the InO1.16C0.04 TFT.
Polycrystalline defects—origin of leakage current—in halide vapor phase epitaxial (001) β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes identified via ultrahigh sensitive emission microscopy and synchrotron X-ray topography
Authors: Sdoeung Sayleap , Sasaki Kohei , Kawasaki Katsumi , Hirabayashi Jun , Kuramata Akito , Kasu Makoto
Published: January 2021

Identification of the killer defects is crucial for the development of β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes as power electronic devices. We observed the emission patterns that are exhibited by the high reverse leakage current SBDs via ultrahigh-sensitivity emission microscopy, thereby locating a polycrystalline defect on the surface via atomic force microscopy. A single polycrystalline defect resulted in a leakage current of ca. 20 μA. The synchrotron X-ray topographic analysis of the samples showed butterfly-shaped contrast patterns due to the strain field around the polycrystalline defects. We further observed that a polycrystalline defect is formed over a porous particle.
Coherent detection of ultrabroadband infrared pulses using a single crystal of diamond
Authors: Matsubara Eiichi , Nagai Masaya , Ashida Masaaki
Published: January 2021

We coherently detected ultrabroadband infrared pulses generated through two-color pumped air plasma produced by hollow-fiber compressed 10 fs pulses in a spectral range of 1–100 THz using a biased single crystal of diamond as a nonlinear medium. The sensitivity was enhanced by two-orders of magnitude compared with the case of air in the probe energy range where saturation did not occur. Even when the probe pulse energy was 100 nJ, the spectral range reached 80 THz. Thus, diamond has reduced the energy of pulses required for realizing broadband coherent detection without sacrificing the advantage of gapless detection.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di RSUD Soreang Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Helena Denni Fransiska , Sarinengsih Yuyun , Ts Novitasari , Suhartini Sri
Published: January 2021

Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi yang dilahirkan dengan berat lahir kurang dari 2500 gram, telah menyumbang sekitar 34% kematian bayi di Indonesia. Faktor resiko terjadinya BBLR adalah usia ibu saat hamil, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, usia kehamilan, paritas, jumlah anak dan penyakit penyerta. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis factor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian berat badan bayi lahir rendah di RSUD Soreang Bandung. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling, jumlah sampel sebanyak 41 orang dengan kriteria inklusi adalah pasien yang melahirkan di RSUD Soreang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuisioner kepada pasien yang melahirkan di RSUD Soreang Kabupaten Bandung. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara usia ibu (p-value 0,000), tingkat pendidikan (p-value 0,014), pekerjaan (p-value 0,001), penghasilan (p-value 0,021), usia kehamilan (p-value 0,000), paritas (p-value 0,014), jumlah anak (p-value 0,021) dan ada hubungan penyakit penyerta (p-value 0,000) dengan kejadian BBLR. Responden yang melahirkan hampir pada umumnya berasal dari pedesaan dengan latar belakang pendidikan rendah dan masih ada budaya nikah diusia muda, oleh karena itu pihak rumah sakit terutama bagian promosi kesehatan, perawat dan bidan pelaksana diharapkan untuk meningkatkan kegiatan skrining dan deteksi dini penyakit penyerta pada ibu hamil serta memberikan penyuluhan dan pendidikan kesehatan tentang factor-kator yang berhubungan dengan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah.
Blockchain-based Solution for COVID-19 Digital Medical Passports and Immunity Certificates
Authors: Hasan Haya R. , Salah Khaled , Jayaraman Raja , Arshad Junaid , Yaqoob Ibrar , Omar Mohammed , Ellahham Samer
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has emerged as a highly contagious disease which has caused a devastating impact across the world with a very large number of infections and deaths. Timely and accurate testing is paramount to an effective response to this pandemic as it helps identify infections and therefore mitigate (isolate/cure) them. In this paper, we investigate this challenge and contribute by presenting a blockchain-based solution that incorporates self-sovereign identity, re-encryption proxies, and decentralized storage, such as the interplanetary file systems (IPFS). Our solution implements digital medical passports (DMP) and immunity certificates for COVID-19 test-takers. We present smart contracts based on the Ethereum blockchain written and tested successfully to maintain a digital medical identity for test-takers that help in a prompt trusted response directly by the relevant medical authorities. We reduce the response time of the medical facilities, alleviate the spread of false information by using immutable trusted blockchain, and curb the spread of the disease through DMP. We present a detailed description of the system design, development, and evaluation (cost and security analysis) for the proposed solution. Since our code leverages the use of the on-chain events, the cost of our design is almost negligible. We have made our smart contract codes publicly available on Github.
KINERJA KAPORIT TERHADAP PENURUNAN E-COLI PADA HIPPAM TIRTA SEJATI DI DESA KARANGREJO KECAMATAN MANYAR KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Rahayu Puji , Sugito Sugito
Published: January 2021

Pembangunan sarana air bersih bertujuan agar masyarakat mendapatkan air yangmemenuhi syarat kesehatan, baik bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di pedesaan maupun perkotaan.Bila air tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan seperti yang tercantum dalam Peraturan MenteriKesehatan RI No.416/MENKES/Per/IX/1990 tentang syarat syarat dan pengawasan kualitas airbersih ,maka air dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam gangguan baik langsung maupun tidaklangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kualitas air HIPPAM TIRTA SEJATIsetelah dilakukan disinfeksi memenuhi syarat kesehatan berdasarkan Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/1990 terutama untuk parameter E.Coli. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 3 (tiga) kalipercobaan yaitu dengan  membubuhkan kaporit dengan konsentrasi 350 ppm, 450 ppm dan 550ppm pada bak klorinator berkapasitas 250 liter dengan harapan sisa klor pada pipa distribusi 0,2mg/Lâ€“0,5 mg/L.Pemberian dosis kaporit dengan konsentrasi 450 ppm pada Instalasi IPA HIPPAMTirta Sejati desa Karangrejo Kecamatan Manyar Kabupaten Gresik mampu menurunkan E.Colisampai batas memenuhi baku mutu  sesuai dengan PERMENKES Nomor :416/MENKES/Per/IX/1990. Semakin jauh jarak Instalasi makin besar angka E.Coli.Penggunaankaporit pada dosis 350 ppm, 450 ppm dan 550 ppm dari masing-masing variasi seluruhnyamenunjukkan angka sisa klor masih relatif memenuhi syarat sesuai dengan batas maksimum yangdiperbolehkan.