bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Customer Switching Behavior towards Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s) from a Customer Perspective in Jordan
Authors: Mahadin Bushra
Published: December 2018

Purpose-This paper aims to investigate factors that affect customer switching from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV’s) to Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s), in Jordan for the period of (2010-2014).Design/methodology/approach-A self-administered survey was hand-delivered to the targeted sample of car users in Jordan. The authors delivered 400 questionnaires to customers, from which 333 were deemed valid for the analysis, corresponding to the percentage of (83.25%) which indicates the validity of the study. Findings- There was no difference in switching behavior between (ICEV’s) and (HEV’s) based on gender in the Jordanian market. Fuel consumption efficiency was the number one variable that supports the switching behavior towards (HEV's), followed by Eco friendliness, lower taxes and technological features. Price and the current trend in the market were the least supporting factors. In addition to that the perception of the battery life of (HEV's), limited choices in the market, lack of information and fear of the relatively new technology were the major hindering factors of choosing an (HEV).Research limitations-Future research needs to investigate other factors that may affect customers’ behavior such as perceived image, trust, and subjective norms. Future research should investigate into the importance of environmental awareness and new technologies, and gender differences in behavior. From an international marketing standpoint, comparative studies between Jordanian and non-Jordanian customers are potential areas of future research for international marketing strategies and cross-cultural consumer behaviour analysis. Practical implications-The paper identifies the determinants of switching behavior. marketers should focus addressing customers concerns in terms of providing enough information and building awareness towards the technology and it's benefits towards the society and the environment.Originality/value-Our study is one of the few in Jordan that investigates the switching behavior towards vehicles technology. Our study is thought to have made a modest contribution to consumer behaviour literature and, specifically, for decision making process. It offers marketers insights into the determinants of switching behavior towards the hybrid vechicle technology and how this contribute to consumers’ decision making process and attitudes to achieve the intended behavioural outcomes
Affiliate marketing. Can online news portals use successfully affiliated marketing in Albania?
Authors: Beleraj Brunilda
Published: December 2018

Affiliate marketing is viewed as one of the online strategies that help marketers’ measure success and deal with productivity. Marketers use it as a starting point to create new business or to develop an existing one. Affiliate programs support and develop these new strategies of marketing. Affiliate marketing is performance-based marketing where merchants reward affiliates commission for successful referrals. In Albania, we have chosen some of the most ranked online companies to see how this new techniques could be implemented to benefit both parts. Some of the research questions that have been raised in this paper are; how are the affiliated marketing techniques used in information portals in Albania? Under what conditions those web sites are developed? What payment fees are better to be used? In the evidence of a descriptive research, this paper will make an attempt to answer these questions.
Promotion on Marketing Decision-Making: “Case Study Albtelecom Eagle Mobile”
Authors: Gura Servet , Gura Kriselda
Published: December 2018

Decision-making is what is behind every action performed by each entity, company or organization. Due to the fact that, telecommunication companies can be listed among the organizationswhich undertake almost more than other companies promotion activities, this paper analyses the marketing decision-making process related to promotion mix of one of the largest company of the telecommunication sector in Albania “Albtelecom- Eagle Mobile”. The study aims to observe marketing decision-making process at telecommunication companies, presentation of the practical side of this process, and to identify factors that influence this process in Albanian market. Methodology used to collect the primary data/informationand to arrive in concrete results, is interview with open question. Among the main and concrete finding of the work we may emphasize those: while the company undertake promotion decisionthe purpose of promotion should be to sell something, product life cycle is the key factor taken into consideration on promotion activities by the companies operating on the telecommunication sector, thecustomers buying nature significantly affect the promotional strategy of companies, and most importantly, companies must promote with a certain strategy. It finally recommends development of promotional activities which are more creative, and attraction of the target market through those activities, companies must be sure for the message to be easily understandable for the consumers and customers.
Evaluating Challenges and Opportunities in the Development and Management of Physical Activity in Albania to Increase the Involvement of the Population in It
Authors: Elmazi Rovena
Published: December 2018

The study aims to assess the challenges, opportunities for development and management of physical activity in Albania compared to other countries in the region. The data collection tool included interviews, and the questionnaire used in all gyms in Albania. The result speaks of a huge gap with regard to the development of sports and the inclusion of populations in physical activities. According to the findings of the study, the number of population frequented by gyms in Albania. It is also worrying the very low number of female participants in the gym compared to the total number of women in the national level and the large difference in the number of males participating in physical activity and mainly in gymnasiums with the number of women that correctly reflected that in Albania it needs the revival and strengthening of gender mechanisms at national and local level. The result also revealed a lack of trained human resources, lack of policies and sound development strategies to increase population participation in physical activities. To this end, the National Sports and Regional Institutions, the Albanian Sports Federation and other relevant sports authorities should take all necessary measures to develop and expand the inclusion of populations into physical activities as a necessary means to increase the quality of life.
Spiritual Development in Social Context: The Role of Christian Psychotherapy in the Formation of Identity
Authors: Ilievski Naum , Ilievska Angelina
Published: December 2018

Spiritual growth and development enable complete self-actualization. In the three stages of spiritual development – described in Christian psychotherapy and based on a practical spiritual life established in Christian patrology – man from an individual becomes a person. He builds his identity during this process. The main goal of this paper is to represent the practical aspect of spiritual Christian life and its impact in a social context. In addition, it offers a representation of the spiritual development process – a model in Christian psychotherapy, as well as a description of each stage at which spiritual identity is formed. It is a descriptive paper where the basic methods of this process are elaborated: establishing a personal relationship with a spiritual father – psychotherapist, implementing the FCP and metanoia. Analysis of identity is made by utilizing two dimensions: personal and social one. The concept of personality is profoundly connected with the ego, identity, self and identification. Identification outside of the Divine Person with partial forms of existence leads to individual and social splitting, and polarization of particles. Building a spiritual identity enables formation of personality that exists out of their spiritual self and builds a pastoral relationship in all life areas: personal, family and social. A spiritually realized person – out of the borders of individual script – is socially useful, creative and functional in the wider social context.
The Landscape, Its Narrative Identity and Man's Well-Being
Authors: Brugiatelli Dr. Vereno
Published: December 2018

In this study I intend to put forward a reflection on the landscape and, in particular, on the relationships that man establishes with it. From the European Landscape Convention (Florence, 20.X.2000), which considers the landscape a socio-cultural product, I aim to analyze this concept in order to determine: 1. what the identity of a certain landscape consists of and what constitutes it; 2. the relationship between the identity of the landscape and the identity of its inhabitants; 3. the importance of the identity of the landscape when planning and implementing interventions to safeguard and enhance it; 4. the ethical and cultural bases influencing urban planners and architects when intervening in the landscape; 5. the importance of the landscape to man's well-being.
From Civil Religion to Presidential Public Theology—A Re-evaluation of the American Civil Religion Phenomenon. The Case of George H. W. Bush
Authors: Lejon Kjell O.
Published: December 2018

Since the inauguration of the civil religion debate in the United States in 1967, it has been argued that the religious dimension of American presidency should be understood as a kind of civil religion, normally based upon the definition of Jean Jacque Rousseau, or variations of this his definition. However, in this article the author argues, based upon the empirical material presented in Public Papers of the President and elsewhere, that a more accurate description of the religion dimension of some modern presidencies is public theology. He uses the presidency of George H. W. Bush as a case study.
Ethics in Public Administration in Kosovo
Authors: Duraku Azem
Published: December 2018

It is important for the state to maintain and increase public confidence in the Public Administration. This trust grows and is kept in public only when civil servants, officials, perform duties with integrity, impartiality and fairness. Ethics is being discussed very recently and it is becoming an extremely mention topic for the business, public administration and in social private environments. Unethical and corrupt behaviour can not only be prevented by punitive measures, from inside and outside analysis, it has a negative perception on corruption in state institutions. Every day in the media, we can encounter information about the bad behaviour of public administration officials regarding corruption, Kosovo is ranked in unsatisfactory positions regarding this phenomenon. It is important to prepare the self-public manual institution guide, which should rely on international standards and policy implementation in practice.The question is whether only legal and sublegal acts are enough to keep this problem under control ? In this paper we will study the legislation, covering the field of ethical behaviour and good practices of combating these negative phenomena.
Impact of Human Settlement on Land Use/Land Cover Changes in the Middle River Njoro Sub Watershed in Kenya
Authors: Mainuri Zachary Gichuru
Published: December 2018

This study investigated the use of remote sensing and GIS in evaluating the impacts of human settlement on land use /Land cover changes. The study also investigated the drivers behind the change in the middle of River Njoro sub watershed for a period of 27 years. Drivers of land use change were captured by the use of DPSIR model where Drivers (D) represented human needs, Pressures (P), human activities, State (S), the ecosystem, Impact (I) services from the ecosystem and Response (R), the decisions taken by land users. Land sat MSS and Land sat ETM+ (path 185, row 31) were used in this study. The Land sat ETM+ image (June 1987, May, 2000 and July, 2014) was downloaded from USGS Earth Resources Observation Systems data website. Remote sensing image processing was performed by using ERDAS Imagine 9.1. Three land use/land cover (LULC) classes were established as Human settlement, forest and shrub land. Severe land cover changes was found to have occurred from 1987-2000, where human settlement increased by 52%, shrub land reduced by 19%, and forestry reduced by 72%. In the year 2000 – 2014, human settlement increased by 121%, shrub land reduced by 45%, and forestry reduced by 64%. Forestry and shrub land were found to be consistently reducing while human settlement was increasing. It was evident from the images that the LULC changes with corresponding soil quality deterioration mostly occurred in the upper and middle parts of the Middle river Njoro sub watershed which were initially under forest. To minimize the risk of vegetation destruction and soil degradation, it will be necessary to identify socioeconomic safety nets and initiate restoration of the environment to original pre- catastrophe status.
John Heartfield’s Photomontages as a Political Tool
Authors: Arslan Doğan
Published: December 2018

It is the fact that art often involves with politics. It can work both of sides, either with a political ideology or against of it. The strong relationship between art and politic was occurred during the World War I and World War II. As a member of Berlin Dadaist Art Movement, John Heartfield made sharp opposition with his photomontage works against the Hitler regime in Germany. Since photomontage became anti-art technique against traditional painting in Dada Movement, Heartfield used this technique to criticize his opponents, Adolph Hitler and Mussolini. This research will focus on how Heartfield attacked and disrupted with his photomontages to his opponents. Later on, I will analyze photomontages of Peter Kennard and Klaus Staeck, contemporary artists and designers, who were inspired by Heartfield’s photomontage methodology and his artistic activism. The qualitative research and comparative methodology were used in this research. The findings of the research showed that Heartfield became the pioneer of using photomontage technique in his time. He realized that he could use photography to express his politic thoughts and ideas in collage making. He used photomontage as a political weapon against his political oppositions. Kennard and Staeck, like Heartfield, used photomontage to support and defend their political issues in their time, too. Finannly, this research shows that Dada artist, John Heartfield as well as contemporaray designer and artist Peter Kennard and Klaus Staeck used the photomontage to make a social criticism through their conceptual and powerful works. Their initial approaches were not making design for a client or gallery to sell their works, but they wanted to be, as “artists-activists”, part of social changes in their time.
The Antic City of Borsh
Authors: Çipa Kriledjan
Published: December 2018

The antic center of Borsh is situated in a 310 meters high hill, to the north of nowadays Borsh village, in the Southwestern part of Albania, on the shores of the Ionian Sea. In antiquity this region was part of antic Chaonia. On this site there have been research and excavations up to 1990 - after that year it remained out of the focus of the archeologists. Renewed fieldwork efforts, coupled with the evaluation of the conservation of this site, shows us that this center has been presented only with the fortification and the results of the archeological excavations in the necropolis, without considering urbanistic and the organization of the settlement. The documentation of all the antic structures identified through archaeological survey helped to create a better idea of the organization of this center, by presenting in these paper the houses and other fortification elements that were not presented on previous publications on this center. Fieldwork combined with the unpublished documentation of archeological excavations conducted in the 1980s offer a new perspective that arises out of the study of the urbanistic, architectural, stratigraphic and role of this site in the regional context. Borsh is a hilly city that serves as a very good representation of this category of antic cities in Chaonia's region.
Effect of Psychological Wellbeing on Violent Behavior among Adolescents In Reference to Parenting Style
Authors: Jain Reena
Published: December 2018

Present study aims to find the relationship of psychological wellbeing and violent behavior among adolescents in relation to parenting style. In other words this study wants to see the effect of parenting style on psychological wellbeing and violent behavior among adolescent. A single group co-relational design is planned to see the relationship between the variables of the study. 150 urban adolescents between 14 to 20 years from senior school to under graduate level from different part of the world and social economic background were used as the sample of the study. They were assessed by Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) to see psychological wellbeing and Parenting Style Inventory II (PSI-II) by Nancy Darling and Teru Toyokawa is used to know their parental style and Adolescent Violent Behaviour Checklist (AVBC) was used based on the feedback from school/college authorities, parents and neighbours to know their violent behaviour. Pearson product moment correlation method and factor analysis are used to find the results. Negative significant high correlation was found between psychological wellbeing and violent behaviour among adolescents. Psychological wellbeing and authoritative parenting were found significantly positively correlated among adolescents. Positive relation and autonomy (psychological wellbeing factors) were the prominent factors and significantly correlated with authoritative parenting style. Conclusion generated from the study was that psychological wellbeing and authoritative parenting effects negatively in developing violent behaviour among adolescents. In other words both help in developing nonviolence behaviour among adolescents in the world.
Tale of a City – Greater Noida: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cheema Surbhi , Srivastava Ritu
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance and application of the Rostow’s five stages of growth theory to the emergence and development of the Greater Noida city. The paper also debates whether rapid industrialization of this city emanates increased socio-economic security of the residents. The study uses Qualitative methods to explain the perceived socio-economic security of the residents in a sub-urban area of Greater Noida, which has undergone a shift in the structure of its major economic activities. Interview questions related to social protection, employment, income, poverty, healthcare, education, demography, and economic policy were analysed in the light of Rostow’s growth stages of economy using Content Analysis (Diction 7.1.3 Version) and Thematic Coding. Thematic coding of 20 interviews yielded four major themes, which revolved around socio-economic development, industrial and infrastructural development, environment degradation, hardships, and exploitation. The sentiment analysis through Diction 7.1.3 revealed scores for 20 interviews in terms of master variables like certainty, optimism, activity, realism and commonality which were well with-in the range. The calculated variables like insistence, variety, embellishment and complexity were also in the range specified. This research paper can help the policy-makers to take into account the sentiments while formulating these policies.
The Interminable Transition; An Analysis of the Electoral Behavior in Albania (1991-2017)
Authors: Lazebeu Kledja
Published: December 2018

Albania has been led by a communist regime, characterized by repression and isolationism for over 45 years. The transition, started at the ’90 toward a democratic system and to an open society based on the occidental model couldn’t be accomplished in a fast and bloodless way. There were too many reasons to explain this difficult transition, but just to mention, must be considered the absence of the democratic culture of the entire political ruling class (elite) (leadership). The transition process toward democracy in Albania began when the communist regime entered into crisis and its political elite (leadership) proclaimed the intention to open a new phase and to extend significantly freedom and rights. Starting from 1990 began to fail the obstacles that prohibited, till that time, the expression of the freedom, the disagreement and the pluralism. This transition process was characterized by its multiplicity, as the political changes was correlated with economic, cultural and social changes. Immediately after 1990, Albania had to face many challenges, but the most important concerned the institution of a new democratic order and the creation of a market economy, without, however, that this process was accompanied by a structural reform of the institutional framework. There is necessary to consider the communist heredity, while undertaking efforts to achieve a sufficient level of democracy. The heredity of the past means to consider dissimilar features like values, identity, standards, institutions, élite, behaviors and practices, that survived the transition and affected the later aspects, encouraging some changes, and hindering others.The communist regime let behind a flat socio-political landscape, a weak civil society, a fragile law domain, turbulent political coalitions and main political tendencies compromised. The experts that study this period state that Albania has undergone one of the most turbulent transformations at the post-communist world. There are, particularly, three dramatic moments that shook from the basis its institutions: a) the collapse of the communist regime at 1991-1992; b) the crisis of the financial pyramids at 1997; c) the influx of half million refugees from Kosovo in 1999. So, the transition process cannot be completely understood without considering the role of the old and new political elites, the mechanisms that regulates the internal activities of the parties, and the structure of the electoral behavior.
The Economic, Political and Socio-Cultural Influence of Turkey and Russia in Albania: Perceptions from Youth Political Forums
Authors: Hoxha Erlis
Published: December 2018

Background: The specific geographical position of Albania, has promoted opposing influences from Western and Eastern countries. Two large influential countries with clear economic and political interests in Albania are Russia and Turkey. Aim of study: The aim of the present study was to assess perceptions of economic, political and cultural influence of Turkey vs. Russia in Albania. The main hypothesis of the study was that perceptions of Turkish influence would be stronger as compared to Russian influence. Methodology: The sample included 140 participants, 71 women and 69 men, mean age of 23.84 (SD=3.53); In terms of political forum membership, the sample was divided as follows: 57.1% belonged to FRESSH 40.7% FRPD and 2.1 % LRI. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire, aiming to assess perceptions of Russian and Turkish influence in Albania and was administered through the Google Docs Platform. Results indicated that a predominance of Turkey over Russia across all 3 dimensions, economic, political and cultural. However, while Turkey was rated highest in terms of economic influence, Russia was rated highest in terms of political influence. Moreover, the different political organizations (left or right wing) did not differ in their perceptions of both countries’ influence. Finally Turkish influence was perceived as a stronger barrier to European integration as compared to Russian influence although scores were moderate to low.
Continuing Challenges of Women in Albania for Putting Gender Equality at Work, Case Study in Kruja
Authors: Xhaferri Dr. Manjola , Tase Mirela
Published: December 2018

This thesis is about women in Kruja, who every day deal with challenges and perspectives to go forward with their lives. I argue that the status and the role of Krutan women are mostly restricted from the impact of a patriarchal society, fanaticism and negative mentality, beside the lack of opportunities that are in place in Kruja. The other stresses include economic issues. Change will come if all the society, girls and boys, men and women, are willing to undertake it.
Participation in the Management of a Peri-Urban Protected Forest in Northern Côte d'Ivoire: Case of the Mount Korhogo Classified Forest
Authors: Andon N'guessan Simon , Alla Kouadio Augustin , Atta Kouacou Jean-Marie
Published: December 2018

The evolution of tropical forest deforestation in Côte d'Ivoire is very alarming. From 16 million hectares in 1900, the area increased to 9 million hectares in 1965 to less than 2.5 million hectares in 2016. Even forests protected by the State of Côte d'Ivoire are not spared while peri-urban protected forests are the most exposed. The finding reveals many shortcomings in the state monopoly of protected area management. Yet, elsewhere in Africa, many experiences of participatory management have shown significant advances in protection and their introduction in Côte d'Ivoire from 1990. To understand the effectiveness of this new consultation framework adopted as a management tool, national policies and locally adopted strategies on the Mount Korhogo classified forest in northern Côte d'Ivoire have been analyzed. Results show a failure of participation at the national level since 1996 and a lack of participation at the local level. Despite the establishment of a local committee for forest defense and fight against bush fires, the lack of consultation undermines the proper functioning of this organization, thus leading to the exacerbation of deforestation. Mount Korhogo Classified Forest.Keywords: participatory management, consultation framework, protected forest, urbanization, deforestation
The New Social Order: Post-Truth and Discretionary Social Intervention
Authors: Santos Clara Cruz
Published: December 2018

The Post-Truth Society in this article is understood as the paradigmatic environment of the present Western societies where, in addition to the feeling of risk, there is added indifference to political discourses and social practices that do not correspond to factual truths, giving space for flexible interpretation of policies and for individualization of social action. In this article, we highlight the transformative potential that the street-level bureaucrats have, but also we discuss the liquidity of social intervention, which should be subject of ethical reequation, namely through the imperative of technical supervision.
Albanian Nationalism and the State of Kosovo
Authors: Shaqiri Mexhit
Published: December 2018

This article deals with the conceptual, ideological and historical relationships that have existed between Albanian nationalism and the state of Kosovo, created in 2008. These relationships are subject to different theoretical and ideological views. A group of views regard the state of Kosovo as a historical and political finalization of the nation-building project initiated by Albanian nationalism in the second half of the 19th century. While another set of views sees this state as a project motivated by contemporary views of multiethnicity and multiculturalism. The contradiction between these two views today constitutes a contradiction within the constitutional and symbolic format of the state of Kosovo. The first part of the article presents the main theories of nationalism. In the second part, these theories are contextualized in the breakdown of the main features of Albanian nationalism, while the third part analyzes the relations between this nationalism and the state of Kosovo, especially from the standpoint of its basic laws
The Model of Communication of Education in the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUDs) and in the Traditional Islamic Boarding School Cooperatives (Kopontren): A Study in West Java Province, Indonesia.
Authors: Setiawan Wawan Lulus
Published: December 2018

This purpose of this research is to describe it the differences between the pattern of educational communication in the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUDs) and that in the Traditional Iskamic Boarding School Cooperatives (Kopontrens) in West Java Province, Indonesia. The research was carried out with qua litative approach on 12 KUDs and 12 Kopontrrens in West Java Province, Indonesia. The idea of the research was based on the International and Indonesian Cooperative Princ iples the which obliges the cooperative's to arrange cooperative education program for the cooperative's members and based on the facts of the cultural differences between backgroun d KUDs and Kopontrens. The result of the research indicated that educational communication in the K opontrens is stronger than that in the KUDs Because The process of educational communication process in the Kopontrens has Become a standardized educational program, so that the elements of communication process consisting of "who says w hat to Whom in roomates channel, in what effect and environtment ” has become a package of the educational communication curriculum in Kopontrens . This could explain why the members' particip ation in the Kopontrens is better than that in the KUDs. This result is a method of developing social and policy implication for developing methods for educatin in the KUDs in Indonesia.
Mediatized Child Characters
Authors: Ugurlu Elif Gizem
Published: December 2018

Child actors and actresses perform in television programs, such as contests, shows and series, and in movies broadcasted in Turkey. After the program is broadcasted, social media accounts such as Facebook and instagram are opened by their parents for these children and it is attempted to increase their popularity. Children with increased popularity begin to act in new series and advertisements, and they are drawn into a consumption cycle. While these children, who are used for humour, promotional or dramatic factors, are disturbed, on the other hand, they cause that children's real and big problems (poverty, child labor, abuse, abduction, refugee, etc.) are ignored. This study provides a perspective on child characters in competition programs, TV shows, television series, television programs and movies broadcasted on televisions in 2018 in Turkey. The program in which children aged between 5 and 12 years appear, and their Instagram accounts were tracked and examined. The culture of benefiting from the child in the media multiplies itself as the use of children as mediatic characters in the media in Turkey continues, and the fact that children can be used as a source of income without considering that they can be overwhelmed by the burden of fame becomes widespread. This indicates the perception of childhood in society, the visibility of child individuals' problems, and a frightening future for children.
Sulfonamides Are an Overlooked Class of Electron Donors in Luminogenic Luciferins and Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Sharma Deepak K. , Adams Spencer T. , Liebmann Kate L. , Choi Adam , Miller Stephen
Published: December 2018

Many fluorophores, and all bright light-emitting substrates for firefly luciferase, contain hydroxyl or amine electron donors. Here we show that sulfonamides can serve as replacements for these canonical groups. Unlike “caged” carboxamides, sulfonamide analogues enable bioluminescence, and sulfonamidyl luciferins, coumarins, rhodols, and rhodamines are fluorescent in water. Sulfonamide donors thus have previously unappreciated potential to expand the functional repertoire of luminescent molecules.
Chemical genetic identification of GAK substrates reveals its role in regulating Na+/K+-ATPase
Authors: Lin Amy W , Gill Kalbinder K , Castañeda Marisol Sampedro , Matucci Irene , Eder Noreen , Claxton Suzanne , Flynn Helen , Snijders Ambrosius P , George Roger , Ultanir Sila K
Published: December 2018

Cyclin G–associated kinase (GAK) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that facilitates clathrin uncoating during vesicle trafficking. GAK phosphorylates a coat adaptor component, AP2M1, to help achieve this function. GAK is also implicated in Parkinson's disease through genome-wide association studies. However, GAK's role in mammalian neurons remains unclear, and insight may come from identification of further substrates. Employing a chemical genetics method, we show here that the sodium potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) α-subunit Atp1a3 is a GAK target and that GAK regulates Na+/K+-ATPase trafficking to the plasma membrane. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in GAK conditional knockout mice show a larger change in resting membrane potential when exposed to the Na+/K+-ATPase blocker ouabain, indicating compromised Na+/K+-ATPase function in GAK knockouts. Our results suggest a modulatory role for GAK via phosphoregulation of substrates such as Atp1a3 during cargo trafficking.
Direct binding of Cdt2 to PCNA is important for targeting the CRL4Cdt2 E3 ligase activity to Cdt1
Authors: Hayashi Akiyo , Giakoumakis Nickolaos Nikiforos , Heidebrecht Tatjana , Ishii Takashi , Panagopoulos Andreas , Caillat Christophe , Takahara Michiyo , Hibbert Richard G , Suenaga Naohiro , Stadnik-Spiewak Magda , Takahashi Tatsuro , Shiomi Yasushi , Taraviras Stavros , von Castelmur Eleonore , Lygerou Zoi , Perrakis Anastassis , Nishitani Hideo
Published: December 2018

The CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase complex is an essential regulator of cell-cycle progression and genome stability, ubiquitinating substrates such as p21, Set8, and Cdt1, via a display of substrate degrons on proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNAs). Here, we examine the hierarchy of the ligase and substrate recruitment kinetics onto PCNA at sites of DNA replication. We demonstrate that the C-terminal end of Cdt2 bears a PCNA interaction protein motif (PIP box, Cdt2PIP), which is necessary and sufficient for the binding of Cdt2 to PCNA. Cdt2PIP binds PCNA directly with high affinity, two orders of magnitude tighter than the PIP box of Cdt1. X-ray crystallographic structures of PCNA bound to Cdt2PIP and Cdt1PIP show that the peptides occupy all three binding sites of the trimeric PCNA ring. Mutating Cdt2PIP weakens the interaction with PCNA, rendering CRL4Cdt2 less effective in Cdt1 ubiquitination and leading to defects in Cdt1 degradation. The molecular mechanism we present suggests a new paradigm for bringing substrates to the CRL4-type ligase, where the substrate receptor and substrates bind to a common multivalent docking platform to enable subsequent ubiquitination.
The REDress Project: Casting an Indigenous Feminist Worldview on Sexual Violence Prevention and Education Programs in Ontario’s Universities (Dispatch)
Authors: Brulé Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

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Girls’ Menstrual Management in Five Districts of Nepal: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Morrison Joanna , Basnet Machhindra , Bhatt Anju , Khimbanjar Sangeeta , Chaulagain Sandhya , Sah Nepali , Baral Sushil , Mahon Therese , Hodgkin Marian
Published: December 2018

Discriminatory practices related to menstruation affect the social, mental and physical wellbeing of girls in many low-and middle-income countries. We conducted mixed methods research in five districts of Nepal to explore how menstruation affected girls’ ability to fully participate in school and community life. We conducted 860 structured interviews, 26 group interviews and 10 focus group discussions with schoolgirls in rural areas,14 semi-structured interviews with girls’ mothers, and 10 interviews with health teachers. Girls in all districts experienced social, material and information barriers to confident menstrual management. Menstrual blood was believed to carry diseases, and girls’ movement was restricted to contain ritual pollution and protect them from illness, spirit possession, and sexual experiences. Taboos prevented girls from worshipping in temples or in their home, and some girls were not allowed to enter the kitchen, or sleep in their home while menstruating. Teachers and parents felt unprepared to answer questions about menstruation and focused on the maintenance of restrictions. Teachers and students were embarrassed discussing menstruation in school and classes were not question-driven or skills-based. Gender disaggregated teaching of menstruation and engagement of health facility staff may have positive effects. Community participatory approaches that engage girls, their families and the wider community are necessary to address harmful cultural practices. Cross-sectoral approaches to provide clean, private, safe spaces for girls and increased availability of preferred materials could enable confident menstrual management.
Teachers for Teachers: Advocating for Stronger Programs and Policies for and with Refugee Teachers in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya (Dispatch)
Authors: Mendenhall Mary
Published: December 2018

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“Stop the War on Women’s Bodies”: Facilitating a Girl-Led March Against Sexual Violence in a Rural Community in South Africa
Authors: Moletsane Relebohile
Published: December 2018

Internationally, there is increasing recognition that girls and young women are engaged in various forms of resistance and activism to address social issues that impact their lives. However, in contexts that are hostile to girls and young women due to unequal gender norms, girls are often silenced, and activism is met with disapproval and even violence. Where activism does occur, the voices of girls and young women engaged therein are often ignored. It is for this reason that adult activists often team up with and support girls and young women’s activism at the community level. In a rural community in South Africa, adult researchers and activists from a university worked with participating girls and young women to address sexual violence in the community. Within this collaborative project to commemorate the annual National Women’s Day, and with the assistance of the adult researchers, the participants organized an awareness march against sexual violence in their community. This article examines this intergenerational collaboration and the role of adult feminists in enabling girls’ voices to be heard regarding their experiences of sexual violence and how it might be addressed. The article concludes that in contexts where unequal gender norms produce high rates of gender-based violence, including sexual violence against girls and young women, girl-led activism is likely to occur with the support of adult activists with access to resources, and whose skills and relative authority gives them access to decision-makers and policy makers in communities and organizations.
Repairing Broken Relations by Repairing Broken Treaties: Theorizing Post-Colonial States in Settler Colonies
Authors: Scott Xavier
Published: December 2018

This article examines the British colonial theft of Indigenous sovereignty and the particular obstacles that it presents to establishing just social relations between the colonizer and the colonized in settler states. In the first half, I argue that the particular nature of the crime of sovereign theft makes apologies and reparations unsuitable policy tools for reconciliation because Settler societies owe their very existence to the abrogation of Indigenous sovereignties. Instead, Settler states ought to return sovereignty to the land’s Indigenous peoples. In the second half of this paper, I take up some of the practical questions of how this might be done and anticipate a number of objections. Giving up sovereignty would not mean dispossessing the millions of colonists who currently reside in these countries of their homes and property – but it does mean rethinking the constitutional makeup of a country and how that serves to benefit the different peoples who make their homes there.
Planting a Healing Forest: Community Engagement (Dispatch)
Authors: Block Lee Anne
Published: December 2018

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THE THEORY OF THE INTERNALLY STUDENTIZED RANGE DISTRIBUTION REVISITED
Authors: FERREIRA Daniel Furtado , CHAVES Lucas Monteiro , SOUZA Devanil Jaques de
Published: December 2018

The present paper intends to revisit the distribution of the ratio of the range to the sample standard deviation, known as the distribution of the internally studentized range, in the normal case. This distribution has its importance recognized in several areas, as quality control and inference, for testing the lack of homogeneity of the data or kurtosis. An alternative distribution to the one presented by David et al. (1954), based on the distribution of the maximum, is proposed. We exhibit a detailed proof for the distribution of the internally studentized range in the normal case and sample size 3. We also provide a new result: the distribution for the uniform case with sample of size 3.
THE USE OF CONTRASTS IN MULTIVARIATE NONLINEAR MIXED MODELS TO COMPARE TREATMENTS IN LONGITUDINAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS
Authors: CARVALHO Lídia Raquel , MISCHAN Martha Maria , PASSOS José Raimundo de Souza , PINHO Sheila Zambello de
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to establish contrasts in multivariate nonlinear mixed models to verify the effects of treatments in experiments with longitudinal data and multiple responses. The evaluated nonlinear functions were the three parameters curves logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy. The random variables were added to the fixed parameters, asymptote α , abscissa of the inflection point  β, and parameter γ. The best fitted model was expanded with covariates, which establish orthogonal contrasts, in order to verify main effects and interactions in factorial experiments. The methodology was applied to analyse data of an experiment with citrus, in which case the logistic bivariate mixed effects model was the best fit. The chosen model allowed comparisons between treatments in a global context of more than one dependent variable and throughout the measurement period.
THE BETA EXPONENTIATED WEIBULL GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION: MODELING, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES, ESTIMATION AND AN APPLICATION TO A CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA DATASET
Authors: LOUZADA Francisco , ELBATAL Ibrahim , GRANZOTTO Daniele Cristina Tita
Published: December 2018

A new distribution, the so called beta exponentiated Weibull geometric (BEWG) distribution is proposed. The new distribution is generated from the logit of a beta random variable and includes the exponentiated Weibull geometric distribution as particular case. Various structural properties including explicit expressions for the moments, moment generating function, mean deviation of the new distribution are derived. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by maximum likelihood method. The usefulness of the model was showed by using a real dataset. In order to validate the results a simulation bootstrap is presented in this paper.
Pengembangan Prekultur Oxgall sebagai Sampel Klinis untuk Deteksi Salmonella typhi dengan Metode Real-time PCR
Authors: Gunawan Annisa Pratiwi , Djuminar Ai , Ernawati Ernawati , Chaidir Lidya
Published: December 2018

Demam tifoid merupakan beban kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di negara berpenghasilan rendah yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (S.typhi). Manifestasi klinis demam tifoid bervariasi dan tidak spesifik, sehingga membuat diagnosis menjadi sulit. Dengan menggunakan oxgall untuk pra-inkubasi sebagai media kultur selektif sebelum amplifikasi Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) pada wholeblood menghasilkan diagnostic yang cepat dan sensitif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja oxgall sebelum amplifikasi  RT-PCR untuk deteksi Salmonella sp . Sebelum proses pengambilan sampel, dilakukan optimasi spike sampel untuk mengetahui bahwa reagen yang  digunakan baik untuk spesimen klinis. Dalam proses sampel, sampel wholeblood diambil dari  30 pasien dengan positif Widal tes. Sampel darah vena dari pasien demam tifoid diambil pada hari diagnosis; 5 ml untuk kultur darah, dan 5 ml untuk RT-PCR. Bakteri ditanam di oxgall 10% (standar mikrobiologi laboratorium klinik) dan diinkubasi selama 6 jam (37 ° C) sebelum DNA bakteri diisolasi untuk deteksi RT-PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reagen RT-PCR baik digunakan untuk sampel klinis dan kultur darah lebih baik daripada RT-PCR dengan menggunakan oxgall (hasil kultur darah positif lebih dari 24 jam). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa harus ada penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai durasi inkubasi dan konsentrasi oxgall pada RT-PCR dan pemilihan sampel klinis.
Antibiotic Resistant and Plasmid Conjugative Study of Salmonella typhi
Authors: Haji Saeed Akreyi Waleed , Younis Yousif Samira , Assafi Mahde
Published: December 2018

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria has endangered the efficacy of antibiotics treatment of pathogenic bacteria worldwide. The aim of this research was to investigate the incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Duhok city, Iraq. Specimens of blood and stool were recruited from 267 patients. S. Typhi isolates were diagnosed depending on morphology, biochemical and serological tests. S. Typhi isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance. Multi-drug resistant S. Typhi isolates were conjugated with E. coli HB101. The plasmid profile of transconjugants was investigated. 15/267 (5.6%) S. Typhi isolates were identified. Based on their biochemical tests, S. Typhi isolates were categorized into two biotypes (I, 26.66% and II, 73.33%). Four resistance patterns were observed. The resistant pattern to ampicillin and tetracycline was the higher (46.6%). Conjugation experiment showed that all antibiotic markers were transferred from S. Typhi to E. coli HB101 with a conjugation frequency of (0.38×10-5). 13.3% of the S. Typhi isolates were multi-drug-resistant resistant and had two small plasmids. Transconjugants E. coli acquired the resistance from the multi-drug resistant S. Typhi. Antibiotics treatment of the pathogens could be hindered by the constant rise of multi-drug-resistant. Further studies are needed to study the mobile genetic elements and their contribution to antibiotics resistance.
The Effect of Cooperative's Characteristic on Financial Reporting Timeliness
Authors: Susandya Anak Agung Putu Gede Bagus Arie , Yuliastuti Ida Ayu Nyoman , Putra Gde Bagus Brahma
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to do more in-depth analysis about factors that affect the financial reporting timeliness. The sample used in this study consists of 90 existing cooperatives in Denpasar city. Secondary data obtained from the Department of Cooperatives, Small, and Medium Enterprises. The primary data collected from the questionnaires. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study found that profitability, leverage, and total assets are significantly effecting on financial reporting timeliness of the cooperative. On the other hand, the performance of the executive board and the participation of members are not significantly affected on financial reporting timeliness. The results of this study are expected to be input for service Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprise Office in oversees cooperative for the sake of realization of the principle of accountability and financial transparency.
Nicolas Vatin ve Gilles Veinstein (edt.), Dictionnaire de l’Empire Ottoman, Paris: Éditions Fayard
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Yasin
Published: December 2018

Dictionnaire de l’Empire Ottoman farklı ülkelerden 175 uzman yazarın kaleme aldığı 720 madde içeren ve 2015 yılında Fransız dilinde yayımlanmış bir Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sözlüğüdür. Titizlikle hazırlanmış bir yer, kavram ve şahıs indeksi ile 25 harita bulunduran eser, Elisabetta Borromeo’nun katkılarıyla François Georgeon, Nicolas Vatin ve Gilles Veinstein’ın editörlüğünde vücuda gelmiştir. Çalışma, tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla Fransızca neşredilen ilk Osmanlı İmparatorluğu/tarihi sözlüğü olduğu için başlı başına önem taşımaktadır.1