bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An annotated and illustrated catalog of the Peruvian specimens of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) housed in the Biological Museum at Lund University, Sweden
Authors: JUÁREZ-NOÉ GINO , FÄGERSTRÖM CHRISTOFFER
Published: September 2024

The Peruvian specimens of the family Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera) housed in the Biological Museum at Lund University in Sweden are cataloged and illustrated. Photographs of dorsal habitus, labels, and complete label data of all the specimens are provided. There are 81 specimens belonging to 38 species, 29 genera, three subfamilies, and 19 tribes. Anisopodus ligneus Bates, 1863 is a new country record. The presence of Aegomorphus nigricans (Lameere, 1884) in Peru is confirmed. Additionally, 22 species represent new regional records. Colobothea Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1825 and Taeniotes Audinet-Serville, 1835 are the genera with the greatest number of species, three species each. A note on the variation of elytral pubescence in Anisopodus prolixus (Erichson, 1847) is provided.
Association of Triglyceride/Glucose Index with CRP and Ferritin Among Different Obesity Phenotypes of Non-diabetic Adult Bangladeshi
Authors: Brishti Tanha , Hoque Mozammel , Moyenullah Mohammad , Alam Azmeri
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Obesity is an alarming problem worldwide and it antedates insulin resistance (IR) as well as inflammation. Considering financial condition of Bangladesh, TyG index can be used for assessment of insulin resistance. As CRP and ferritin usually respond to any inflammatory condition, they are expected to be raised in obesity. Early detection of association between TyG index and inflammatory markers (CRP & ferritin) can help in prediction of severity of obesity induced health risks. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, (BSMMU) from March, 2022 to February, 2023. BMI was calculated, and individuals were classified into three obesity phenotypes: phenotype A (obese BMI, non-obese WC), phenotype B (non-obese BMI, obese WC), and phenotype C (obese BMI, obese WC). The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, serum ferritin, and CRP were assessed, and their correlations were analyzed across different obesity phenotypes. Results: TyG index was significantly higher in phenotype C compared to A & B. Plasma CRP and ferritin level were found to be highest in phenotype C in comparison to phenotype A and phenotype B. A moderate positive correlation was found between TyG index and serum ferritin but not with CRP in subjects belonging phenotype B. Very low positive correlation was found between CRP and ferritin in subjects of phenotype C. Conclusion: A significant association was shown between TyG index and serum ferritin among phenotype B. Plasma CRP showed no significant association with TyG index among different obesity phenotypes.
Modelling Height-Diameter Relationship of Pinus Roxburghii in Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Jharana , Khadka Shiva
Published: September 2024

Height and diameter are two factors that are considered when developing (volume and yield) tables, as well as for determining site quality and site index. Diameter is easily measured using precise and affordable instruments. However, height measurement is complex in terms of time, skill, and resource. So, developing allometric equation of height-diameter is useful to predict height from diameter to calculate tree volume, biomass, and carbon storage and survival analysis. The study was carried out in Nepal. The study area comprised of a total of 664 unique plots of Pinus roxburghii. Data was obtained from Forest Resource Assessment, 2018 undertaken by Forest Research and Training Centre (then Department of Forest Research and survey). Diameter was measured with a diameter tape at 1.3 m height above the ground level and total height was measured with a Vertex IV and Transponder. A two-phase cluster sampling was applied during data collection. Statistical software R and MS-Excel were used for data analysis. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.86) between DBH (diameter at breast height) and Height. The relationship between height as dependent variable to diameter was established through regression analysis, different suggested models were tested accordingly. Different forms of candidate models including linear, polynomial, logarithmic, and inverse were fitted to select the best height prediction model. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R2 adj.) were used to evaluate the model. Polynomial degree 2 form of equation (height=1.1052804+0.6252304*dbh−0.0021242*dbh2) resulted as the best model with values of adj. R2 RMSE, and AIC; 0.720, 3.639 and 2735.253 respectively.
Multi Environment Trials and Adaption of Advanced Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Low Moisture Stress Areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Duga Rut , Alemu Gadisa , Geleta Negash , Dabi Alemu , Sime Berhanu , Zegaye Habtemariam , Solomon Tafesse , Zewdu Demeke , Delesa Abebe , Asefa Bayisa , Getamesey Abebe , Negash Tamirat , Abeyo Bekele , Badebo Ayele , Sheweye Yewubdar
Published: September 2024

To predict bread wheat genetic potential across environments and adaption in low moisture stress wheat growing areas of Ethiopia. Multi-location trials were conducted in Ethiopia from 2020 to 2021 in main seasons. A total of advanced genotypes including the checks were arranged in randomized complete block design in a rectangular (row x column) array of plots with two replications. The results showed that, under the linear mixed model, the spatial and factor analytic models were efficient methods of data analysis for this study. By ranking average best linear unbiased prediction (BLUPs) within clusters, the 13 bread wheat environments were clustered into three mega environments (C1, C2, and C3) for the trait grain yield. This method used as a selection indicator, assisting in the selection of superior and adaptable types. The predicted performance of genotypes based on BLUP values averaged across correlated settings of C1 and C2, eliminating C3 due to low genetic correlation with the other trials and low genetic variation. Based on these clusters, the genotypes with the highest potential EBW192350 and EBW192369 were selected for a subsequent verification study that might potentially use them as a released variety. For genetic variance, the estimates for variance component parameters ranged from 0.069 to 2.896 and error variance, they ranged from 0.175 to 1.002. Therefore, increasing the application of this efficient analysis method will improve the selection of superior bread wheat varieties. The two genotypes can be further verified using national performance trials/ or verified in farmers’ fields for registration and commercialization.
Systematic Review of Innovative Approaches in Tunnel Construction and Design
Authors: Omar Ebrahim
Published: September 2024

This systematic review providеs a comprеhеnsivе еxploration of innovativе approachеs in tunnеl construction and dеsign, еncompassing a dynamic spеctrum of advancеmеnts in thе fiеld. Thе rеviеw navigatеs through cutting-еdgе tunnеling mеthodologiеs, sustainablе matеrials, robotics, еnvironmеntal considеrations, and safеty protocols, shеdding light on thеir implications for thе еvolving landscapе of undеrground infrastructurе. Each sеction critically еxaminеs thе еxisting litеraturе, offеring insights into thе thеorеtical undеrpinnings and practical applications of thеsе innovations. Tunnеling mеthodologiеs, including traditional drill and blast tеchniquеs and thе еmеrgеncе of Tunnеl Boring Machinеs (TBMs) with advancеd cutting tеchnologiеs, arе scrutinizеd for thеir еfficiеncy, safеty, and adaptability to divеrsе gеological conditions. Matеrials and structural dеsign takе cеntеr stagе as thе rеviеw еvaluatеs thе sustainability of matеrials such as fibеr-rеinforcеd concrеtе, sеlf-hеaling matеrials, and innovativе lining systеms, illuminating thеir potеntial to rеdеfinе durability in tunnеl construction. Thе intеgration of automation, artificial intеlligеncе, and robotics in tunnеl construction is еxplorеd, showcasing advancеmеnts in rеal-timе risk assеssmеnt, еarly warning systеms, and safеty mеasurеs. Environmеntal considеrations unfold as a pivotal thеmе, еxamining practicеs such as grееn tunnеling and thе usе of еco-friеndly matеrials, with a focus on minimizing disruption and rеsourcе consumption. Risk managеmеnt and safеty protocols, undеrpinnеd by innovation, arе scrutinizеd for thеir еfficacy in minimizing accidеnts and еnsuring thе wеll-bеing of workеrs and thе public. Through this systеmatic rеviеw, a holistic undеrstanding of thе challеngеs and opportunitiеs in tunnеl construction and dеsign еmеrgеs, providing a foundation for futurе еndеavors in thе quеst for sustainablе, еfficiеnt, and safе subtеrranеan infrastructurе.
Enhancing Software Testing Practices in Tanzanian Software Development Companies: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Alphonce Magori
Published: September 2024

Purposes: The primary objective of this conducted research is to investigate and propose strategies for improving software testing practices in Tanzanian software development companies. Specifically, the study identify the current state of software testing practices, understand challenges faced by software development companies in Tanzania, propose effective solutions, and evaluate their impact. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach employed to achieve the research objectives. Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, including surveys, interviews, observations, documentation analysis, and experimentation, utilized to gather comprehensive insights into software testing practices. Purposive sampling employed to select diverse software development companies across different regions in Tanzania. Thematic analysis and statistical analysis applied to analyze qualitative and quantitative data, respectively, ensuring a robust examination of software testing practices. Findings: The research findings reveal the prevailing software testing practices in Tanzanian software development companies. Challenges such as resource constraints, inadequate test coverage, and limited collaboration between developers and testers are identified. Additionally, the study identifies best practices and proposes context-specific solutions to enhance software testing practices in Tanzanian companies. Statistical analysis provides quantitative insights into the effectiveness of proposed solutions. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practices and Policy: The study contributes to bridging the gap between academic research and industrial practices in software testing. Through addressing the unique challenges and opportunities in the Tanzanian context, the research provides actionable recommendations for improving software testing practices. The findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies and collaboration between academia and industry to enhance software quality and reliability in Tanzanian software development companies.
Joint Entity and Relation Extraction Using Machine Reading Comprehension for Urdu
Authors: Riasat Maria
Published: September 2024

Joint Entity and Relation Extraction (JERE) plays an important role in natural language processing (NLP) by identifying names, locations, and the relationships among them from unstructured text. Despite extensive research in languages like English, JERE poses significant challenges in low-resource languages, particularly Urdu, due to limited annotated da-ta and inherent linguistic complexities. In this paper, we propose a novel Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC)-based approach that effectively addresses the JERE task for Urdu, integrating a text encoder and a question-answering module that work synergistically to enhance entity and relationship extraction. We introduce an annotated Urdu JERE dataset and demonstrate how our methodology will significantly contribute to multilingual NLP efforts. We propose an innovative Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC)-based method to tackle JERE in Urdu. This method has two main components: a text encoder and a question answering (QA) module. The text encoder converts Urdu text into a compact vector form, which is then fed into the QA module. The QA module generates answers to queries regarding the desired entities and relationships, producing a sequence of tokens that represent these entities and their interactions. The model is trained to minimize the difference between its predicted answers and the correct ones. Our approach, along with the introduction of an annotated Urdu JERE dataset, significantly advances multilingual NLP and information ex-traction research. The insights gained can be applied to other low-resource languages, aiding in the development of NLP tools and applications for a broader array of languages.
Revolutionizing MANET Route Discovery with INTSM: An Innovative Load Balancing Approach
Authors: Sahu Rani , Sahu Neetu , Sahu Vinay
Published: September 2024

Communication challenges in ad hoc networks arise due to the mobility of nodes, causing frequent changes in connections and locations. Maintaining network equilibrium to prevent node overload and underutilization is crucial. However, imposing static behaviors on nodes to improve performance can lead to delays, especially in core nodes. Addressing these issues, this research proposes the Intermediate Node Traffic Sharing Model (INTSM) for ad hoc networks. INTSM prioritizes congestion control and load balancing during route discovery, aiming to optimize network resource utilization and traffic distribution, thereby reducing packet delays. The model employs dynamic traffic sharing algorithms that consider real-time network conditions, enabling nodes to adjust their behaviour adaptively. This approach minimizes congestion by distributing traffic loads more evenly across the network, preventing bottlenecks at central nodes. Additionally, INTSM incorporates predictive analysis to foresee potential congestion points and reroute traffic proactively, enhancing overall network stability and performance. Extensive simulations demonstrate that INTSM significantly reduces average packet delay and improves throughput compared to traditional routing protocols. The results highlight the model's efficacy in diverse scenarios, including high mobility and varying traffic loads, proving its robustness and scalability. The primary objective of this study is to enhance navigation and equilibrium mechanisms to improve the performance of ad hoc networks, contributing to more reliable and efficient wireless communication systems. The findings of this research have significant implications for the design of future ad hoc networks, particularly in applications requiring high reliability and quick adaptation to changing network conditions, such as disaster recovery, military operations, and mobile sensor networks. By addressing the critical challenges of congestion control and load balancing, INTSM offers a promising solution to enhance the resilience and efficiency of ad hoc networks.
An Investigation of the Variables Influencing Online Education: A Study Conducted in Varanasi, India
Authors: Singh Dharm
Published: September 2024

Following the COVID-19 epidemic, which forced the closure of educational institutions, the government has backed online learning systems in an attempt to preserve academic continuity. The bulk of elite private and public institutions have moved to online platforms like Zoom, Google Classrooms, Microsoft Teams, etc. with ease, while many still consider it to be an enormous undertaking. A number of benefits and drawbacks have come with adjusting to an online learning environment. It's time for us Indians as a people to realize the opportunities that online education offers—for India, within India. Determining the advantages and disadvantages from the user's perspective was, thus, one of the main goals of this investigation. Based on a report on the topic, one may conclude that online education in India is anticipated to grow extremely quickly. Until 2024 and beyond, this trend will continue. All stakeholders in Indian education, especially in the Post-Covid Era, have chosen online learning as an ingrained, imposed system rather than a conscious strategy. This has been underlined by the benefits for all parties involved in the education industry. This study uses a poll to try to find and highlight the components that are particularly helpful to teachers and students. But this survey also reveals some interesting trends. The results of the study can be applied in different settings by carefully selecting the samples and altering the underlying conditions in an effective and sufficient manner. Online learning offers a plethora of opportunities for educators and learners alike. It could, however, further exacerbate India's socioeconomic divide. In all of our policies and activities pertaining to online education, inclusion should be our goal. India will be guided towards progress via perseverance, sincere endeavors, and a well-defined vision. One of the study's conclusions is that, while online learning has numerous advantages for students, traditional classroom instruction will not soon be replaced by it. As a next step the future studies could be conducted to further test this.
Solid Waste Management Application and Its Dilemma in Kano Metropolis-Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Saleh , Marzuki Azizan
Published: September 2024

Rapid urbanization and population growth with its associated Solid Waste Management issues are at the moment the front burner challenges of the 21st century, more especially in developing countries of the world of which Nigeria is inclusive. However, the majority of past research in Solid Waste Management has mostly concentrated on the institutional capability and resources required to handle the problems associated with solid waste management, with little attention paid to the attitudes of city inhabitants. Therefore, this research article examines the trends and applications of solid waste management (SWM) in the rapidly urbanizing Kano Metropolis, looks at how the attitudes of city dwellers have contributed to the problem of SWM, and then goes on to review new applications that have been used to manage solid waste in the study area. The study report, which draws on secondary and empirical data sources, finds that just 20.5 tons of the 330 tons of solid waste produced every day are properly managed. The results therefore imply that two factors—bad attitudes of city inhabitants and insufficient institutional capacity—influence the city's poor SWM. While these urban citizens' negative views towards solid waste management (SWM) have contributed to the current indiscriminate garbage disposal, weak institutions have also made it difficult to handle solid waste concerns in the city and prevented timely solutions. In order to ensure effective solid waste management in the Kano Metropolis of Nigeria, the research article now suggests public awareness education programs on solid waste management, public-private partnerships, increased stakeholder engagement, and the creation and implementation of new solid waste management plans.
Land Use Land Cover Change and Its Effect on Selected Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gubila Mesfin , Regassa Alemayehu , Legess Gudina , Mulatu Kassahun
Published: September 2024

Land cover transformation exerts adverse effects on the environment. This study examined the changes in land cover in the Semen Bench District of southwest Ethiopia from 1986 to 2018, as well as its implications for soil physico-chemical properties. A mixed-method approach was employed, integrating remote sensing (RS) and geospatial data with soil physico-chemical analysis and key informant interviews. Landsat images were processed using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015, and the land use land cover (LU/LC) map was classified using a supervised method employing the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) algorithm. The classification accuracy was 90%, 87.5%, and 90% for the years 1986, 2001, and 2018, respectively, with corresponding kappa coefficients of 0.87, 0.83, and 0.87. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess differences in soil parameters across various land uses, utilizing SAS software (Version 9.3). The findings indicated that agroforestry and settlements increased by 95% and 428.7%, respectively, while forestland and cropland decreased by 38.6% and 96%, respectively, primarily driven by the expansion of cash crops such as coffee, khat, and eucalyptus, as well as population growth. Significant changes (P<0.05) were observed in soil bulk density, soil organic matter, soil pH, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity, due to land cover change. Conversely, soil texture remained unaffected (P>0.05) by these transformations. Consequently, it is essential to develop sustainable natural resource management plans to combat deforestation and the decline in soil fertility.
Influence of Side Friction on Average Width Loss in Urban Roads Links; A Case Study of Nakuru Town
Authors: Lekariap Edwin , Abiero-Gariy Zachary C. , Nyomboi Timothy
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of side friction factors on the reduction of effective carriageway width in urban road links in Nakuru Town, Kenya. Linear regression models were developed for each road link, revealing a strong positive relationship between the frequency of side friction factors and the average carriageway width reduction (AVWR). The prediction models highlighted the varying influence of specific side friction factors, such as pedestrians, entry and exit maneuvers, parked vehicles, motorbikes, and bicycles, on AVWR across different road segments. The findings emphasize the importance of context-specific analysis and tailored interventions to effectively address traffic congestion in urban areas, as the complex interplay of side friction factors necessitates comprehensive approaches to traffic management. Regression analyses were conducted on data from 11 major arterial roads, considering factors like pedestrian activity, entry/exit maneuvers, parking situations, and presence of motorbikes, bicycles, and tuk-tuks. Results showed significant positive correlations for most links, with pedestrians, entry/exit maneuvers, and parked vehicles consistently contributing to carriageway width reduction. However, the impact of motorbikes and bicycles varied across locations, underlining the need for location-specific strategies. The study also revealed the intricate interplay among side friction factors, necessitating a holistic approach to traffic management. By understanding these relationships, urban planners and traffic managers can develop targeted strategies to mitigate the impact of side friction factors, improve traffic flow, and enhance overall road network efficiency.
Workplace Risk Associated Activities: Case Study of Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN)
Authors: Ofodeme Christian , Elendu Humphrey , Edeh Ini , Idume Ogbonna , Ahunanya Miriam , Nnama Chioma
Published: September 2024

In the study of the Workplace Risk Associated Activities, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN) Case Study, a descriptive survey research design was adopted. The research method used for the primary data collection was structured closed and opened–ended questionnaire created with Epi-Info version7 based on the research aim and objectives of the study. The collected data was analysed using Epi-Info version7. Results indicated that: high number of person-to-person contacts (83.3%), high number of respondents/staff encounter with sharp materials during work (55.7%), presence of snakes (3.8%) and rodents (39.2%) In or around offices, presence of mosquitoes bite (43.0%), low number of immunized respondents/staff (24.4%), low number of trained respondents/staff on workplace risks (33.3%), working space (67.1%), job schedule orientation (66.7%), respondents/staff that cover their mouth when coughing or sneezing (66.6%) and respondents/staff that wash hands before eating in the office (89.6%). These trends amount to high risks with high likelihood and consequences calling for urgent attention. Though the organization scored high (98.7%) in assess control by making sure that all offices had lock and keys and were locked when leaving office, in switching off electrical appliances when leaving office (94.8%), washing hands before eating in office (89.6%) and in work environment cleanliness and conduciveness (88.5%) yet more hard work is needed to enable attainment of 100% in all workplace safety areas. The logistic regression analysis of training (outcome variable) and covariates: washing hands before eating in the office, covering mouth when coughing or sneezing and switching off light when leaving office indicated significant results (p<0.5) with likelihood of about 90.0% There are high workplace risks associated activities in MLSCN calling for urgent attention.
Distribution of Mangrove Species Diversity Along Environmental Variables Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis in Brgy. Penaplata, Samal City, Philippines
Authors: Amores Anthony , Maxey Errole , Aguilar Sophia , Pentason Joseph
Published: September 2024

The main objective of this study is to assess the mangrove biodiversity in response to environmental changes, specifically its relationship between environmental variables and mangrove species biodiversity by evaluating the indicators in terms of abundance, richness, and evenness, alongside an analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Mangrove forest plays a significant role that caters to potential services like reductions of atmospheric carbon and has been the center for conservation due to its high importance to marine ecology. Based on the findings of the study, it was revealed that the area located in Brgy. Peñaplata, Samal City, Philippines, seven mangrove species were identified, classified into four families: Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Avicennia rumphiana in the Avicenniaceae family; Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa in the Rhizophoraceae family; and Sonneratia alba in the Lythraceae family. Rhizophora mucronata emerged as the most abundant species, comprising 35.5% of total individuals. Moreover, the area determined to have low diversity due to the dominance of Rhizophora mucronate and Avicennia alba, leading to an unbalanced ecosystem, except in plot 3, which showed a more balanced and diverse mangrove ecosystem. Overall, significant correlations with the use of CCA were found, highlighting the positive influence of pH, temperature, TDS, and conductivity on mangrove species patterns and distribution. The findings of this study could support shape strategies for conserving and safeguarding mangrove ecosystems in Samal City, and maybe throughout the Philippines.
Socratic Method in the Use of Web Tools
Authors: Reyes Rigail , Torres Shadia
Published: September 2024

In the integral training of the student from the Being, to know, to know-how and to know-how to-be; the American University Corporation within its pedagogical model assumes a systemic model, self-regulating constructivist.; teaching and learning revolve around building knowledge from collaborative work, enabling student training. The constructivist model has its roots in philosophy, psychology, sociology and education. the verb build comes from the Latin struere, which means 'fix' or 'give structure'. Constructivism offers a new paradigm for this new era of information motivated by new technologies that have emerged in recent years. With the advent of these technologies (wikis, social networks, blogs...). In this model learning is active, not passive. people learn when they can control their learning, which generates a relatively permanent change in associations or mental representations as a result of the experience. Teaching addresses discrete learning strategies and models, Those addressed in this space are the Socratic Dialogue for the Development of Critical Thinking that seeks to develop skills in the students of Public Accounting that allow them to perform a reflective critical analysis and the methodology of Applied Projects in which the student is taken, individually or in a group to project something concrete and to execute it, giving you the opportunity to check ideas through your app and stimulate creative thinking.
Quantitative Investigation of Parallel Interactions Between Charged Particles
Authors: shu Huang , jie Feng
Published: September 2024

On the premise that the charged particle is a normal geometry model, an expression of the migration current, displacement current and magnetic induction intensity generated by the charged particle motion is deduced according to the microscopic definition of current intensity, the total current law and the Biot-Savart law. Further calculate the electric field force between two charged particles in vacuum, give the velocity constraint relationship and velocity value criterion of the electric and magnetic field forces, and compare the consistency with the correlation results obtained considering the relativistic effect. It is pointed out that the magnetic field force is comparable to the electric field force only when the charged particle moves near the speed of light.
Performance Evaluation of Custom A-, D-, and I-Optimal Designs for Non-Standard Second-Order Models
Authors: Paschal Iwundu , Fortune Israel
Published: September 2024

The performances of Custom A-, D-, and I-optimal designs on non-standard second-order models are examined using the alphabetic A-, D-, and G-optimality efficiencies, as well as the Average Variance of Prediction. Designs of varying sizes are constructed with the help of JMP Pro 14 software and are customized for specified non-standard models, optimality criteria, prespecified experimental runs, and a specified range of input variables. The results reveal that Custom-A optimal designs perform generally better in terms of G-efficiency. They show high superiority to A-efficiency as the worst G-efficiency value of the created Custom-A optimal designs exceeds the best A-efficiency value of the designs, and also does well in terms of D-efficiency. Custom-D optimal designs perform generally best in terms of G-efficiency, as the worst G-efficiency value exceeds all A- and D-efficiency values. Custom-I optimal designs perform generally best in terms of G-efficiency as the worst G-efficiency value is better than the best A-efficiency value and performs generally better than the corresponding D-efficiency values. For the Average Variance of Prediction, Custom A- and I-optimal designs perform competitively well, with relatively low Average Variances of Prediction. On the contrary, the Average Variance of Prediction is generally larger for Custom-D optimal designs. Hence when seeking designs that minimize the variance of the predicted response, it suffices to construct Custom A-, D-, or I-optimal designs, with a preference for Custom-D optimal designs.
Understanding the Insurance Landscape of Dupuytren’s Contracture Management
Authors: Hricz Nicholas , Schlidt Kevin , Ha Michael , Zhu Kevin , Ngaage Ledibabari , El-Mallah Jessica , Tuffaha Sami , Rasko Yvonne
Published: September 2024

Background: Dupuytren’s contracture is a fibroproliferative disorder that often results in contractions of the fourth and fifth digits of the hand. While there is no definitive cure, symptomatic relief can be achieved via open fasciotomy, percutaneous aponeurotomy, or through collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum injections (CCH). Despite these therapeutic options, the insurance coverage of these modalities is not clearly defined. Methods: The authors evaluated American insurance companies’ coverage for the treatment of Dupuytren’s and compared the coverage of open fasciotomy, percutaneous aponeurotomy, or CCH. A cross-sectional analysis of US insurance policies for coverage of Dupuytren’s treatment was performed. Companies were selected based on those with the largest enrollment and their market share. Results: Of the 100 companies examined, only 5% of companies had an established policy that covered an open fasciotomy treatment, 6% had a policy that covered a percutaneous fasciotomy, whereas 37% had a policy for CCH. There were significantly more policies for CCH compared to open fasciotomy and percutaneous fasciotomy (CCH vs open fasciotomy: p<0.001; CCH vs percutaneous fasciotomy: p<0.001). The most common criterion for treatment options was the involvement of the MP joint or PIP (Open fasciotomy n = 5 (100%); percutaneous fasciotomy n = 5 (83.3%); CCH n = 30 (81.1%). Conclusion: There are noted coverage discrepancies between companies for the coverage of Dupuytren’s management. This variability is overall lacking in surgical, minimally invasive, and injection options.
A Study on Novel Amino Acid Pair Features for Protein Evolutionary Classifications
Authors: Wan Xiao , Tan Xin , Cao Jun
Published: September 2024

Protein evolutionary classification from amino acid sequence is one of the hot research topics in computational biology and bioinformatics. The amino acid composition and arrangement in a protein sequence embed the hints to its evolutionary origins. The feature extraction from an amino acid sequence to a numerical vector is still a challenging problem. Traditional feature methods extract protein sequence information either from individual amino acids or kmers aspects, which have general performance with limitations in classification accuracy. To further improve the accuracy in protein evolutionary classifications, six new features defined on separated amino acid pairs are proposed for protein evolutionary classification analysis, where composition and arrangement as well as physical properties are considered for the different combinations of separated amino acid pairs. Different from general consideration of amino acid pairs, the new features account for the features of separated amino acid pairs with spatial intervals in the sequence, which may deeper reflect the spatial relationships and characters between the amino acid in pairs. In test of the performances of the new features, five standard protein evolutionary classification examples are employed, where the new features proposed are compared with classical protein sequence features such as averaged property factors (APF), natural vector (NV) and pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC) as well as kmer versions of these features. The area under precision-recall curve (AUPRC) analysis shows that the new features are efficient in evolutionary classifications, which outperform traditional protein sequence features that are based on individual amino acids and kmers. Parameter analysis on the novel separated amino acid pair features and kmer features show that the features of some medium or longer length of amino acid pair intervals and kmers may achieve higher classification accuracy in evolutionary classifications. From this analysis, the newly proposed separated amino acid pairs with spacial intervals are proved to be efficient units in extracting protein sequences features, which may interpret richer evolutionary information of protein sequences than individual amino acids and kmers.
The Absolute Age First Determination of the 3rd Terrace Deposits from Transilvania, Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence Method
Authors: Achiles Garbacea , Liviu-Ioan Buzila , Nicolaie Hodor
Published: September 2024

For determining the absolute age of the terrace deposits, a geomorphosite located on the left side of Someşul Mare river, southeast of Rebrişoara was selected, which includes a fragment of the tread of the 3rd terrace (20-21 m relative altitude) and the cuesta slope, facing north the Făgetului Hills. The question regarding the age of fluvial terraces has been long debated in Romanian geomorphological literature age since the beginning of the 20th century. Many geomorphologists have carried out studies wherein the question of the age of the terraces, both inside the Carpathian curvature and outside, was raised. Most of the studies carried out for the terraces on the rivers of the Transylvanian Basin indicated the age of the 3rd terrace as Wurmian. Until recently, most assumptions related to the age of the terraces were based on the correlation between terraces and/or by dating the paleontological fossils discovered in the terrace deposits. Recent studies, on the other hand, use high-precision methods to determine the ages of terrace formations. Researchers, use methods like the Infrared-stimulated luminescence dating (IRSL) and SAR-OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence). Within this context, the present study focuses on the attempt to determine the age of the 3rd terrace in the corridor of the Someșul Mare river. In the alluvial formations of this terrace, two geologic drillings were carried out from where several samples were collected. They were subjected to OSL analysis at the Luminescence Dating Laboratory, Department of Geoinformatics, Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged, Hungary. The results showed an older age of the 3rd terrace than it has been believed until now.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management for Business Competitiveness: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nege Teshome , Abegaz Mekonnen
Published: September 2024

The goal of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to present a thorough examination of the connection between corporate competitiveness and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Based on 74 publications from reliable sources, including Science Direct, JSTOR, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, this review combines data to highlight important concepts, conceptual frameworks, and research findings. According to the review, supply chain strategies that incorporate sustainability principles can improve social responsibility, environmental performance, and economic viability—all of which support long-term competitiveness. The analysis reveals that among the key success factors within SSC that are related to social and environmental impacts, operational resilience and continuity, financial performance, technological innovation, technological innovation, differentiation, regulatory compliance and industry standards, customer satisfaction and loyalty, and resource efficiency and cost savings. Transparency and traceability, market and reputation benefits, risk management techniques, and circular economy ideas are some of the best ways that SSC practices boost company competitiveness. However, some of the biggest obstacles to supply chain management (SSCM) that undermine firm competitiveness are high beginning costs, complexity, supply chain interruptions, and market constraints. The review expands on our knowledge of the ways in which SSCM boosts corporate competitiveness. Discussions are held regarding conclusions, suggestions for additional study, and theoretical and practical ramifications.
The (Re)imagined Shades of Alice Gray: The Counter-Memory of a Woman-as-Witch in Stacey Halls’ The Familiars (2019)
Authors: Gonçalves Inês
Published: September 2024

Historical fiction is a way of dealing with painful pasts and traumatic events as counter-memories. Long-forgotten events are (re)created in a safe space in historical fiction. Set in seventeenth-century Lancashire, in her modern historical fiction The Familiars (2019), Stacey Halls narrates Alice Gray’s painful past as a woman-as-witch into existence. Halls achieves it by (re)imagining Alice Gray’s plight within the historical context of the Pendle Hill witch-hunt in 1612 Lancashire. Not only does Halls give Alice her historical voice back, but she sets the historical record straight by counter-memorialising Alice Gray as a woman-as-witch, i.e., a seventeenth-century woman othered and presumed to practise witchcraft, in this instance, merely for being an impoverished unmarried woman and a midwife. In this way, Halls’s narrative invites us to empathise with Alice’s plight, to understand the injustices she faced, and to appreciate her resilience. Besides, (re)creating Alice’s witchcraft story, Halls fleshes out her heart-wrenching emotional turmoil. Moving away from the cold historical recorded facts, Halls interweaves Alice’s troubled personal past as an abused young woman and a grieving and loving stepmother with the unfortunate contemporary events of the Pendle Hill witch hunt. As a result, we are offered a more than plausible (re)imagined rationale for Alice’s witch hunt predicament and acquittal, which cannot be found or is even hinted at in the historical records. Thus, Halls culturally endows Alice’s seventeenth-century marginalised historical counterpart with a contemporary gender-empowered mnemonic (re)imagined counter-memory. Moreover, Hall’s active remembering of Alice Gray politically (re)contextualises and (re)frames this woman-as-witch of the Pendle Hill witch hunt of 1612 previously wanting. Also, the (re)imagined counter-memory of Alice Gray challenges the dominant historical narrative and underscores historical fiction’s power in reshaping our understanding of the past. Ultimately, Halls endears and humanises this woman-as-witch of Pendle Hill and provides us with the many shades of Alice Gray.
Modelling of Some Physical-Chemical Parameters of the Bikoro Peat Bogs in the Congo Basin in the North-West of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Onzeli Faustin , Ilanga Lydie , Tshiamala Evariste , Yenga Yenga Albert , Buveka Crispin
Published: September 2024

This study, carried out in the heart of one of the world's most important wetlands, focuses on the modelling of certain physico-chemical parameters of the Bikoro peat bogs in the Congo Basin in the north-west of the Democratic Republic of Congo. To this end, we have characterized the above-mentioned parameters using digital modeling based on satellite and in situ data from five villages that make up the three sectors of this territory. Some of the equipment used includes three GPS (Garminextrex 30), Cybertacker v3.435 on Android, cameras (Samsung Wifi 12x + GPS), passive sensors (Radar). We also used an infrared spectrophotometer. The main results in relation to the 240 samples taken show that the pH of the peat bogs in the Bikoro territory varies between (2.600±0.001) and (5.000±0.004), the electrical conductivity measured varies between [85.48±3.17] μS/cm and [97.99±5. 47] μS/cm, the experimental carbon rate reported in tonnes per hectare is 135.3021, the forest carbon stock derived from WWF LiDar is 137.1484 and the spatial distribution of the temperature of these peatlands indicates that it ranges between (22.39±1.05)°C and (24.79±1.95)°C. The results of this study show that the peat bogs in the Bikoro area are wetlands that are both significantly acidic and carbon sinks.
Evaluating Health Policy Effectiveness in Reducing the Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in Bangladesh
Authors: Perves Noman , Huq M. Muzaherul , Sultana Maleka , Islam Anwar
Published: September 2024

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a significant and growing public health challenge in Bangladesh, contributing to a substantial economic burden. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cancers, and chronic respiratory conditions, represent a major health challenge in Bangladesh, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. The economic impact is profound, affecting both individuals and the broader economy through healthcare costs, loss of productivity, and long-term financial strain. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health policies in mitigating the economic burden of NCDs in Bangladesh. The article begins with an overview of the prevalence and risk factors associated with NCDs, followed by an examination of the national health policies aimed at prevention, treatment, and management. The evaluation considers both successes and challenges, with a focus on policy implementation, healthcare financing, and access to care. Case studies highlight specific policy interventions that have demonstrated measurable success in reducing NCD prevalence and associated costs. The findings suggest that while significant progress has been made in policy formulation, challenges remain in ensuring comprehensive implementation and equitable access to healthcare services. Cost-effective strategies, such as scaling up preventive measures and improving healthcare infrastructure, are essential for reducing the economic burden of NCDs. The review concludes with recommendations for strengthening existing policies and exploring innovative approaches to sustain and enhance the impact of health policies on NCD management in Bangladesh.
Assessing the Long-Term Changes in Selected Meteorological Parameters over the North-Rift, Kenya: A Regional Climatology Perspective
Authors: Makokha John , Masayi Nelly , Barasa Peter , Ikoha Peters , Konje Martha , Mutonyi Jonathan , Okello Victor , Wechuli Alice , Majengo Collins , Khamala Geoffrey
Published: September 2024

Understanding long-term trends in climatic variables is essential for assessing climate change impacts on regional ecosystems and human livelihoods. A regional analysis of climatic variables over some domains is inevitable due to their geographical location and importance to the agricultural sector. Due to the aforementioned demands, the current study analyzes, trends in precipitation (from Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS)), and minimum and maximum temperatures (from TerraClimate) over the North-Rift region of Kenya for over thirty (30) years using satellite data. The seasonal decomposition analysis was performed for each variable to explore the trends and residual components. The findings by the current study indicate that most counties, have experienced enhance precipitation which corresponds to a declining diurnal temperature from 2019 onwards. The seasonality component reveals repeated patterns or variations occurring at steady intervals within each region's data, hence suggesting a distinct regional seasonal trend in the selected meteorological parameters over time. Basically, all counties have reported a relatively constant variability in both maximum and minimum temperatures during the study period except from 2017 onwards where significant variability in the two properties is recorded. In conclusion, the foregoing results that the selected climatic variables exhibit significant spatiotemporal and interannual variability.