bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty of Measurement Absorbed Dose by GAFCHROMIC EBT3 Dosimeter for Clinical Electron and Photon Beams of Medical Accelerators
Authors: Сухих Е. , Sukhikh E. , Сухих Л. , Sukhikh L. , Маликов Е. , Malikov E. , Ижевский П. , Izhevsky P. , Шейно И. , Sheino I. , Вертинский А. , Vertinsky A. , Баулин А. , Baulin A.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Investigation of the relative errors of absorbed dose measurement based on polymer films Gafchromic EBT3 for clinical electron and photon beams of medical accelerators.

Material and methods: Polymer Gafchromic EBT3 films were calibrated using different radiation beams, namely photon and electron beams of Elekta Axesse medical accelerator with beam energy equal to 10 MV and 10 MeV, correspondingly, and electron beam of a betatron for intraoperative radiotherapy with beam energy equal to 6 MeV. The film pieces were irradiated by the uniform dose field in the dose range from 0.5 to 40 Gy. The dose value was controlled by cylindrical ionization chamber in the case of Elekta Axesse accelerator and by the Markus parallel chamber in the case of betatron. The irradiated films were scanned using Epson Perfection V750 Pro flatbed scanner in 16 bit RGB color mode with 150 dpi resolution. The red and green channels were used for further analysis. The central part of each film was used for calculation of average values of net optical density and its root-mean-square. As a result, the calibration curves, i.e. dependence on the reference absorbed dose measured by ionization chamber on the net optical density were constructed taking into account uncertainties of dose measurement and optical density measurement.

Results: The relative uncertainty for the dose measurement lies within 7 % for low doses (less than 1 Gy) and within 4 % for higher doses. The green channel is less sensitive to the radiation, but its relative uncertainty values are in general 1–2 % lower than the ones for the red channel. The use of different calibration sources results in different calibration curves with difference up to ±6 % for the green channel.

Conclusion: The polymer Gafchromic EBT3 films could be used for absorbed dose measurement for the doses not less than 0.5 Gy. For lower dose values the dose measurement uncertainty caused by statistical reasons amounts 15 %. For dose values of about 1 Gy and higher the dose measurement uncertainty amounts 5 % that allows to use the films for transverse and longitudinal prescription treatment dose distribution measurement with very high spatial resolution.
Management of swallowing problems in community settings
Authors: Minshall Sarah , Pownall Sue
Published: July 2019

There is an increase in the demand for community services to provide care closer to home, and care teams are placing a growing emphasis on admission avoidance and early discharge. Community and district nurses are key professionals in this care delivery and are required to be alert to the risk factors for clinical deterioration, such as dysphagia (swallowing problems). Especially in older adults and those with frailty, dysphagia can cause a wide range of problems, from dehydration and malnutrition to respiratory tract infections that warrant antibiotic use and even hospitalisation. This article describes how dysphagia can be identified and managed in the community setting and explains the benefits and impact of speech and language therapy and wider multidisciplinary team intervention.
Staying together: mothers and babies in prison
Authors: Mulligan Carly
Published: July 2019

Background

Many women in prison are mothers and an increasing number are pregnant. These women face the harsh reality of potentially being separated from their babies or children, which can have detrimental effects on both the mother and the child.

Aims

To review the literature surrounding the impact of mothers and children staying together in a prison environment.

Method

The review focused on papers from the past 9 years and included mothers whose children resided with them in prison, and mothers who had been separated from their babies after giving birth in prison. Three articles were identified: two qualitative studies based on interviews with imprisoned mothers, and one quantitative study into re-offending rates of women who had been released from a prison nursery programme.

Findings

Keeping their babies and mother together in a prison environment resulted in a positive outcome, particularly for the mothers. However, when thinking about the welfare of the child, there need to be sufficient opportunities to allow for their physical, social and emotional development. The common themes that emerged during this literature review were: low re-offending rates, motherhood producing motivation for change, and the effect of staying together on maternal and child wellbeing.

Conclusions

This review highlighted the need for further studies, especially focusing on prisons in the UK.
My story
Authors: Houston Gina
Published: July 2019

Why it is important for early years settings to understand the particular issues for children with diverse cultural backgrounds by listening to them. Gina Houston explains her study findings
Ofsted: best practice guide – suitable people: Suitability test
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: July 2019

What are the common problems with recruiting suitable people, and why does this come up so much in Ofsted reports? Hannah Crown looks at good practice at Elmscot
A guide to… resourcing
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: July 2019

Charlotte Goddard looks at some of the options available to early years settings when it comes to sourcing environmentally sensitive products indoors and out
On alert
Authors: Siraj-Blatchford John
Published: July 2019

Today's children will be the most affected by climate change, and we shouldn't hide this from them, says Professor John Siraj-Blatchford
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats
Authors: RIFQIYATI NAJDA , WAHYUNI ANA
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Rifqiyati N, Wahyuni A. 2019. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf  infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 101-105. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) leaf, traditionally, is believed to have a potential in increasing and smoothing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of fennel leaf infusion on milk production and to know the side effects of its use. The material used in the research was infusion of fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) collected from Kopeng, Central Java. The research utilized 12 female rats each with 5 newborns off springs. The experiment was designed in Completed Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Histological preparation of mammary glands was set using paraffin method with HE staining. Kidney function was observed through uric acid level in the blood. The results showed that the diameter of lactiferous ducts and of its lumen diameter were significantly influenced by 15 days fennel leaf infusion treatment. The largest lactiferous duct diameter observed was on P3 treatment group (452.97 ± 75.033 µm) and the smallest was observed in control groups (273.17 ± 38.746 µm). The numbers of active alveoli observed in treatment groups, i.e., in P1 (20 g/300  mL), P2 (40 g/300  mL), and P3 (60 g/300  mL), increased than inactive alveoli. The blood uric acid level observed was 4.0-4.6 mg/dl. The results suggested that the infusion of fennel leaf with a treatment dose of 60 g infusion in 300  mL distilled water administered for 15 days can significantly increase the diameter of lactiferous lumen of female rat mammary glands, and increase the diameter of the alveoli and the number of active alveolar mammary glands. Histological picture of mammary gland also showed that the female rats treated with dose of 60g infusion per 300  mL aquadest increased milk secretion and than the other treatment groups. The treatment also showed no significant side effects.
Graduate student identity: Negotiating the academic and creative through resistance or conformity
Authors: Filiault Deanna , Gerardi Debbie , Aguirre Ryan , Shields Sara Scott
Published: July 2019

Identity is not restricted to a single facet of one’s personality; a person’s identity represents the entirety of who they are and the meanings they provide themselves as it relates to society. In other words, ‘[p]eople possess multiple identities’. Therefore, identity theorists explore the various roles that people provide themselves and what each of their identities means. As doctoral art/music education students – as it relates to this article – we are most concerned with the ways in which graduate students navigate the duality of their creative and academic identity while conforming to or resisting institutional expectations. The purpose of this study is to understand how Ph.D. art and music education students negotiate their academic and creative identities to resist or conform to expectations within the context of academic norms. This study sought to answer the following research question: to what extent are professional graduate arts education students navigating dual, overlapping creative and academic identities?
Letters to Colleagues: A community of practice for navigating and reshaping identity
Authors: Nordlund Carrie
Published: July 2019

This article discusses outcomes from a study of Letters to Colleagues, a visual and verbal letter-based method of dialogic exchanges as means for spurring deep reflection and professionalism in preservice art educators. Reflective practice heightens educators’ learning or consciousness of identity – ‘who they are and who they might become as educators’. This article shares Letters to Colleagues, narratives within a community of practice employed in a university teacher preparation programme with aims to further preservice art educators as reflective practitioners. In the processes of Letters to Colleagues preservice art educators regularly tracked aha moments and wonderings from fieldwork that in turn encouraged visual (e.g. drawings, paintings, digital media, etc.) and verbal conversations and reflections with self and others about their multiple identities, personal philosophies, pedagogical dilemmas and decisions, and when necessary resolved internal and external conflicts. Letters to Colleagues utilizes reciprocity and accountability among peer colleagues’ letter writing and meaning making where the social whole and the individual constitute each other. The findings support Letters to Colleagues as ongoing reshaping of art educators’ adjustable identities. In the process a social discipline emerges within the community of practitioners transforming meanings back and forth from intersubjectivity and intrasubjectivity.
The Impact of the purchase channel on unplanned purchases
Authors: Henriques Inês , Barreto Ana Margarida
Published: July 2019

This exploratory research aimed to observe if the purchase channel used (online versus physical store) could influence the number and the type of unplanned purchases in a supermarket purchase situation. 64 participants were asked to simulate a supermarket purchase using a shopping list and a predefined budget. Participants were divided into two conditions: online shopping and physical store shopping simulation.Findings show that consumers purchase more unplanned items (and spent more money on unplanned purchases) when they buy in physical stores, as well as items on promotion. They also tend to spend more time in the decision-making process when compared to participants shopping online. In addition, online consumers spend more money on items that were on their shopping list.Our findings are important to the literature, demonstrating that consumer reactions towards shopping differ according to the channel. Advertisers and web designers can also benefit from these findings by making better decisions regarding online advertising, specifically in the retail domain. Suggestions for future research are provided in the end.
Violação das garantias processuais brasileira praticadas pela Mídia: uma análise do caso Escola Base/ 1994
Authors: Souza Thaís Dos Santos
Published: July 2019

O propósito deste trabalho é analisar a violação das garantias processuais do Estado Democrático de Direito praticadas pelos meios de comunicação, com ênfase no Caso Escola Base, ocorrido no estado de São Paulo. Apresenta alguns princípios e garantias processuais e direitos que compõem o direito da personalidade assegurado pelo Estado Democrático de Direito inerente ao tema. Analisa a aplicação dos princípios processuais e dos direitos assegurados pela Dignidade da Pessoa Humana no Caso Escola Base. Retrata a influência da mídia nas decisões judiciais e administrativas, especificamente no sistema jurídico processual penal brasileiro e na atuação policial. A base para o estudo foi a doutrina que aborda o tema, além de reportagens publicadas na época.
Embalagem: o elemento imagem do produto
Authors: Sena Madalena
Published: July 2019

A embalagem é um objeto completo e complexo que reúne em si mesma duas grandes funções: a de conter o produto e a de o anunciar. Embora antagónicas estas duas funções coexistem na embalagem que, por um lado esconde o produto e, por outro o faz aparecer. O produto é o conteúdo da embalagem, é aquilo que consumimos e, a embalagem é apenas o seu contentor, contudo, a embalagem confunde-se com o produto tornando-os praticamente indissociáveis. A embalagem envolve, protege e dá forma ao conteúdo porém, essa função estrutural essencial tem como desvantagem a ocultação do próprio produto.Assim, se o conteúdo embalado fica oculto aos olhos do consumidor cabe à embalagem a tarefa de comunicar o que contém no seu interior. As imagens assumem assim o papel de anunciar o produto contido na embalagem de forma a torna-lo visível, mas também de o tornar apelativo ao ponto de influenciar a decisão de compra. As imagens são, portanto, o melhor património que o produto pode ter.
Snyder, T. (2017). Sobre a Tirania. Vinte Lições do Século XX. Lisboa: Relógio de Água
Authors: Cádima Francisco Rui
Published: July 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_34_23
Benkler, Y.; Roberts, H, & Faris, R. (2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press
Authors: Martins João Carlos
Published: July 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-5462_34_24
Marcas, produtos e temáticas na ficção televisiva: um ensaio sobre o placement como estratégia de produção
Authors: Brandão Nuno Goulart , Burnay Catarina Duff
Published: July 2019

O presente paper procura discutir, de forma preliminar e ensaística, o uso do placement de marcas, produtos e temas na ficção televisiva, enquanto estratégia comercial, mas também enquanto estratégia social. Num tempo de superabundância de oferta de conteúdos e de proliferação de plataformas de distribuição e de dispositivos de acesso, o recurso a alternativas criativas de produção e financiamento de conteúdos procura garantir a fidelização de telespectadores e, por consequência, desencadear a compra, num constante processo dialógico entre anunciantes/marcas, canais/conteúdos e recetores/consumidores. Assim, e numa atitude reflexiva, é explorado o product placement enquanto conceito, atendendo às suas potencialidades e impactos, fazendo-se o contraponto e a analogia com o placement de temas (merchandising social), enquanto campo disciplinar dentro dos estudos dos media, mas ainda com pouca expressão analítica e académica em Portugal.
Special aspects of systemic inflammation course in animals
Authors: Chernigova Svetlana Vladimirovna , Chernigov Yury Vladimirovich , Vatnikov Yury Anatolyevich , Kulikov Evgeny Vladimirovich , Popova Irina Anatolyevna , Shirmanov Vyacheslav Ivanovich , Molchanova Mariya Andreyevna , Likhacheva Irina Fedorovna , Voronina Yuliya Yuryevna , Lukina Darya Mikhaylovna
Published: July 2019

Aim: In this study, we identified characteristics of systemic inflammation associated with surgical sepsis in animals. We evaluated the role of purine metabolism, functionally associated lipoperoxidation processes of membrane structures, and the antioxidant system in the development of surgical sepsis in dogs. Materials and Methods: Dogs with a provisional exclusion of sepsis were included in the study. The control group (Group 1) included clinically healthy dogs (n=5), and medium-breed dogs with systemic inflammation response syndrome (n=30) were categorized in the experimental group (Group 2). Along with hemogram and biochemical analysis, we determined the amount of malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on the 1st and 14th day of the study. Treatment included a thorough reorganization of the septic focus, followed by antibacterial therapy. Sick animals were injected with a drug (dexamethasone) that suppresses the synthesis and inhibits the action of inflammatory mediators. Decompensation of the functions of organs and systems was carried out using symptomatic therapy. Results: We found that enhanced lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane structures stimulates the generalization of inflammatory process, as evidenced by the significant deviation from the physiologically normal values of lipid peroxidation, C-reactive protein, blood cell count, etc. The course of systemic inflammation associated with surgical sepsis in animals can be attributed to several consistently developing processes that function as a result of increased purine mononucleotide catabolism, peroxide compound formation, and their excessive breakdown in reactions associated with the consumption of glutathione due to the insufficient recovery of glutathione disulfide. Conclusion: The amount of uric acid, glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid in blood plasma, and the content of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes should be considered when assessing the severity of the systemic inflammatory process. The increased glutathione requirement in dogs with surgical sepsis requires intervention with pharmacological agents, and further research is needed in this aspect.
Heterogeneidad de la inmigración internacional reciente en Chile. Una aproximación a tres grupos nacionales a partir de datos de encuesta
Authors: Soto-Alvarado Sylvia , Gil-Alonso Fernando , Pujadas-Rúbies Isabel
Published: July 2019

La inmigración internacional en Chile ha aumentado progresivamente a partir del año 2001, y a partir del año 2010 se ha diversificado en cuanto al país de origen de los inmigrantes, incrementándose la llegada de personas desde países de Centro y Sur América, entre los que destacan Colombia, Haití y Venezuela. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar aspectos demográficos, así como la situación socioeconómica y laboral de la población de estos tres países en comparación con la población chilena y con la población inmigrante total. Al declararse inválidos los resultados del Censo chileno de 2012, se ha utilizado en este estudio los microdatos de la encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica (CASEN) 2015, cuya muestra permite obtener datos sobre inmigrantes. Los resultados muestran la diversidad que existe entre las poblaciones inmigrantes de los tres países analizados, y el riesgo de exclusión social en la que se encuentran algunas poblaciones extranjeras en Chile.
De derechos a hechos. El acceso diferenciado entre nacionales y migrantes nicaragüenses a los servicios de salud en Costa Rica
Authors: Voorend Koen , Sura-Fonseca Rebeca
Published: July 2019

Como en otras partes del mundo, en Costa Rica existe una tensión sobre la incorporación de migrantes en los servicios de salud públicos, que alimenta la sospecha de que existe un acceso diferenciado a los servicios de salud entre nacionales y migrantes. En este artículo, con base en datos primarios de una encuesta representativa para la población migrante nicaragüense, se analiza el acceso real a los servicios de salud pública de migrantes, y la importancia de la nacionalidad, el estado migratorio y el tener un seguro médico para dicho acceso. Los hallazgos sugieren que el acceso a los servicios de salud pública entre nacionales y migrantes es estratificada, lo cual subraya de manera más general la importancia de analizar la praxis, y no solo los derechos sociales formales.
Asociaciones de inmigrantes y participación política como sociedad civil: un estudio de caso en Barcelona
Authors: Ferrás Murcia Montserrat , Martín Pérez Alberto
Published: July 2019

Este artículo renueva el análisis sobre el papel de las asociaciones de inmigrantes como canales para la integración y la participación política en las sociedades de instalación. Se pone en diálogo la literatura sobre la cuestión, especialmente la desarrollada en España, con un estudio de caso basado en varias experiencias de carácter etnográfico en el entorno asociativo de la inmigración en Barcelona. Aunque encontramos un escenario de relación subordinada entre asociaciones e instituciones parecido al reflejado en la literatura, emergen algunas novedades: la consolidación de liderazgos asociativos más fuertes, relaciones más intensas con instituciones, partidos políticos y con los gobiernos de los países de origen, mayor cooperación entre organizaciones y una mirada hacia el futuro para llegar a convertirse en “sociedad civil” autónoma y entrar definitivamente a participar en la esfera pública general.
GÖRSEL DİL ve DÜNYA İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNDEN MODERNİZMİN ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: TORUN Hale
Published: July 2019

Modern insan hakkında konuşmak ve onu etkileyen dünyayı incelemek için yapılan çalışmalar günümüzde önem kazanmıştır. Kültürel çalışmaların ve kültürel antropolojinin modelleri ile birlikte kitle iletişim üzerinden yeniden değişime uğrayan insan aklı okunmaya başlanmıştır. Yeni Çağ’ın dili, görsel iletişim ve görsel dünya arasında gelişmektedir. Modernizm ise sürekli değişime uyum sağlamanın başka bir modelidir. Modern insanın simgeleri, düşünce yapısı zaman içerisinde sürekli değişmiştir. Bu, yüzlerce yıllık bir sosyal evrimin sonucudur. Binlerce yıllık kaya üzerlerine yapılmış resimler, figürler, arketipsel motifler ve kolektif bilinç dışını oluşturan simgeler insanın duygu ve alımlama dünyasını tarih içerisinde biçimlendirmiştir. Modern dünya insanı ise geç kapitalist döneme girdiğinde hümanizmanın yerine elektronik sarmalın içine girmiştir. Eleştirel bakışın bu konudaki yaklaşımı ise temel ve basit olanın yeniden anlaşılması üzerineydi. Modernizmin ve eleştirel düşüncenin arasındaki gerilimin görsel dilin işaretleriyle çözümlenişi bu çalışmanın omurgasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın evreni, ilkel dünyaya ait göstergelerin yeni dünyanın görsel figürleriyle ilişkisini sorgulamak olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada kitle iletişim dünyasının Yeni Çağ toplumunun gelişimini nasıl etkilediği sorusuna da cevap aranmıştır. İki ayrı bakış açısından hem modernizm hem de eleştirel teori üzerinden karşılaştırma da yapılmıştır. Açıklayıcı örnekler ise bu çalışmayı sanat ve sinema üzerinden sunmuştur. Sinemasal örneklerde de yorum, bilim ve Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın dil – dünya ilişkisi üzerinden çözümleme yapılmıştır.
Perbandingan Gambaran Histopatologi Lambung Tikus Wistar Setelah Pemberian Deksketoprofen dan Ketorolak
Authors: Nugroho Taufik Eko , Hakim Datu Abdul Rahman , Satoto Hari Hendriarto
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Obat anti inflamasi nonsteroid (OAINS) merupakan obat yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mengatasi nyeri, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengelolaan nyeri pasca bedah. Ketorolak dan deksketoprofen merupakan OAINS bekerja dengan cara menghambat aktifitas enzim siklooksigenase (COX) baik enzim siklooksigenase-1 (COX-1) maupun enzim siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2) sehingga sintesis dari prostaglandin (PG) juga terhambat. PG khususnya Prostlagandin E2 (PGE2) sebenarnya merupakan zat yang bersifat protektor untuk mukosa saluran cerna atas. Hambatan sintesis PG akan mengurangi ketahanan mukosa, dengan efek berupa lesi akut mukosa lambung bentuk ringan sampai berat.10Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan gambaran histopatologi lambung tikus wistar setelah pemberian deksketoprofen dan ketorolak.Metode: Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik menggunakan randomized post test control group design pada 14 ekor tikus wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok secara acak masing- masing kelompok terdiri dari 7 ekor tikus wistar yang diberi luka incisi. Kelompok I mendapat deksketoprofen 0,9 mg intramuskular tiap 8 jam selama 5 hari dan Kelompok II mendapat ketorolak dengan dosis 0,54mg intramuskuler tiap 8 jam selama 5 hari. Setelah itu dilakukan terminasi serta pengambilan jaringan lambung dan dianalisis gambaran histopatologinya. Uji statistik normalitas data dengan menggunakan Saphiro wilk, uji beda dengan menggunakan Independent T Test.Hasil: Dari hasil uji Independent T Test didapatkan nilai p antara kelompok I terhadap kelompok II P = 0,029 sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok I dan kelompok IIKesimpulan: Terdapat perubahan gambaran histopatologis lambung tikus wistar setelah pemberian deksketoprofen dan ketorolak, dimana perubahan gambaran histopatologi lambung tikus wistar pada pemberian deksketoprofen lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan ketorolak.
Dama archeologii (wielko)polskiej
Authors: Sikorski Andrzej
Published: July 2019

Dama archeologii (wielko)polskiej
A sword scabbard chape with a depiction of a bird of prey from the surroundings of Kostrzyn
Authors: Michalak Arkadiusz , Socha Krzysztof
Published: July 2019

In 2016, an Early Medieval sword scabbard chape was handed over to the Museum of Kostrzyn Fortress. According to the person submitting it, it was found about 5-6 years earlier in the northern part of Kostrzyn nad Odrą. The main decorative motif of the openwork field is a heraldically arranged bird. The closest analogies to the chape in question are dated to the second half of the 10th and 11th century. Artefacts of this type could have been produced in Scandinavia, but also in the Rus and Baltic areas. Unfortunately, we are not able to say what raw material was used to cast the artefact in question. An analysis of the metal composition of the find carried out on the surface of the artefact demonstrated that a very heterogeneous lead alloy was used, which could have also been a result of lead-bleaching. The same technology was also observed on the chapes from Ruthenia. Scholars have explained the presence of an ornithomorphic motif on the surface of the artefact in various ways
Kamienne dziedzictwo wczesnopiastowskiej architektury
Authors: Skoczylas Janusz
Published: July 2019

In the article I draw attention to the lack of consistency in descriptions of the rock material used to build the first structures in the early Piast state. The role and importance of the types of stone material used at that time are unappreciated, if not downright ignored. I emphasize the fact that the main material used in early-medieval building construction were glacial erratics, sometimes representing up to 98% of the entire building material. Other rocks used in constructing buildings included travertine, sod iron ore, limestone and  gypsum. However, I have devoted a lot of attention to the Miocene quartzite sandstone excavated in the early stages of Polish statehood from a quarry in Brzeźno near Konin. In the summary, I suggest possible time scales for the use of part of the rock material.
Non-orientable three-submanifolds ofG2-manifolds
Authors: Bagaglini Leonardo
Published: July 2019

By analogy with associative and co-associative cases, we study a class of three-dimensional non-orientable submanifolds of manifolds with aG2-structure, modelled on planes lying in aspecialG2-orbit. An application of the Cartan–Kähler theory shows that some three-manifolds can be presented in this way. We also classify all the homogeneous ones in ℝℙ7.
The Discrete-Dual Minimal-Residual Method (DDMRes) for Weak Advection-Reaction Problems in Banach Spaces
Authors: Muga Ignacio , Tyler Matthew J. W. , van der Zee Kristoffer G.
Published: July 2019

We propose and analyze a minimal-residual method in discrete dual norms for approximating the solution of the advection-reaction equation in a weak Banach-space setting.
The weak formulation allows for the direct approximation of solutions in the Lebesgue

L
p

{L^{p}}

-space,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

.
The greater generality of this weak setting is natural when dealing with rough data and highly irregular solutions, and when enhanced qualitative features of the approximations are needed.
We first present a rigorous analysis of the well-posedness of the underlying continuous weak formulation, under natural assumptions on the advection-reaction coefficients.
The main contribution is the study of several discrete subspace pairs guaranteeing the discrete stability of the method and quasi-optimality in

L
p

{L^{p}}

, and providing numerical illustrations of these findings, including the elimination of Gibbs phenomena, computation of optimal test spaces, and application to 2-D advection.
Comparative Analysis of Symmetrical/Asymmetrical Quasi Z-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition Technique
Authors: Raghavendra Rajan V. , Premalatha L.
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis between Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Quasi Z-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (QZS-CMI). The comparative analysis investigates for boost operation in both Symmetrical and Asymmetrical System. Analysis is done based on the achieved input current, capacitor voltage of the upper capacitor and parallel capacitor and the two inductors current of DC link (Quasi Z-Source network) which is combined with H-bridge. In Asymmetrical QZS-CMI, the input voltage for three DC sources are given in the ratio of 1:3:9, i. e. the system is designed for 27 level. Asymmetrical QZS-CMI is new system and proposed in this paper for comparative analysis with Symmetrical QZS-CMI. An advanced optimal Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD) technique is developed and implemented. Symmetrical system has high boosting capability of output voltage, reducing the switching losses, high voltage gain and lower spikes in switching voltage. The comparative study is done and results are verified with Experimental 250 W prototype model and also verified by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
Eliciting Preferences for Health Insurance in Iran Using Discrete Choice Experiment Analysis
Authors: Kazemi Karyani Ali , Akbari Sari Ali , Woldemichael Abraha
Published: July 2019

Background: The preferences of Iranians concerning the attributes of health insurance benefit packages are not well studied. This study aimed to elicit health insurance preferences among insured people in Iran during 2016. Methods: A mixed methods study using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) approach was conducted to elicit health insurance preferences on a total sample of 600 insured Iranians residing in Tehran. The final design of the DCE included 8 health insurance attributes. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models. Results: The final model of this DCE study included 8 attributes, and the findings indicated statistically significant (P<.001) increase in the odds ratio (OR) of choosing health insurance at all levels of cost coverage except for the rehabilitation and para-clinical benefits, where at 70% cost coverage there was insignificant (P=.485) disutility (OR=0.95). With the increase in cost coverage level, the probability of choosing health insurance was significantly (P<.001) the highest for the private hospitals’ benefits (OR=2.82) followed by public hospitals’ benefits (OR=2.02) and outpatient benefits (OR=1.75), and the premium revealed statistically significant (P<.001) disutility (OR=0.96). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that participants would be willing to choose health insurance plans with higher cost coverage of healthcare services and with lower premiums. However, the demographic characteristics, income, and health status of the insured individuals affected their health insurance preferences. The findings can contribute to the design of better health insurance policies, improve the participation of individuals in health insurance, and increase the insured individuals’ utility from the insurance benefits packages.
Addressing NCDs: Protecting Health From Trade and Investment Law Comment on "Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences"
Authors: Cowling Krycia , Magraw Daniel
Published: July 2019

Building on Tangcharoensathien and colleagues’ description of four tactics used by the tobacco, alcohol, processed food, and breast milk substitute industries to interfere with the development and implementation of health policies, we present a fifth tactic: trade and investment disputes. We describe recent examples of trade and investment claims filed by the tobacco industry to challenge plain packaging legislation, which may serve as a model for future claims by this and other industries. Next, we clarify specific areas of potential conflict between non-communicable disease (NCD) control policies and trade and investment agreement (TIA) commitments, identifying possible vulnerabilities that may be exploited by industry to challenge the legality of these policies. We conclude with ideas to strengthen the position of health policies vis-à-vis commitments in TIAs.
Grupos pretéritos na paisagem do sítio Ilha Santo Antônio: Percepção a partir dos vestígios arqueobotânicos
Authors: Oliveira Emanuella da Costa , Santi Juliana Rossato
Published: July 2019

Os estudos arqueobotânicos na Amazônia têm demonstrado resultados interessantes no que diz respeito à relação do ser humano e a paisagem. Nesse sentido, apresentaremos aqui alguns resultados relacionados a percepções sobre modificações na paisagem pretérita causados pelas populações que habitaram o sítio arqueológico Ilha de Santo Antônio no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia. Este sítio situado em uma ilha na cachoeira homônima inserida na região do alto rio Madeira, RO com datação holocênica de 7.740 ± 50 AP e mais recente relacionada aos povos da Tradição Policroma da Amazônia datados em 990 ± 40 AP. Analisou-se o vestígio arqueológico botânico, em específico as sementes, advindo de três setores escavados do sítio.
 
Absctract: The archaeobotanical studies in the Amazônia have shown interesting results regarding the relation of the human being and the landscape. In this sense, we will present here some results related to perceptions about modifications in the past landscape caused by the populations that inhabited the archaeological site of Santo Antônio island in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia. This site, as the name says, is situated on an island in the same waterfall in the region of upper Madeira, RO with a pleistocene dating of 7,740 ± 50 AP and more recent related to the people of the polychrome tradition of the Amazon dating to 990 ± 40 AP. The botanical archaeological vestige was analyzed, specifically the seeds, coming from three sectors excavated from the site. The data points to a different landscape in times past compared to the current scenario in which the site was located.
Apresentação Dossiê: Comunidades Quilombolas, Ciganas e Indígenas na América Latina: racismos institucional e epistemológico
Authors: Santamarina Cláudia Valéria Fonseca da Costa , Araújo Marta , Sacramento Mônica
Published: July 2019

O Dossiê é resultado de um simpósio organizado no 56º Congresso de Americanistas, na Universidad de Salamanca, na Espanha, em 2018. O chamado à reflexão sobre a dialética entre a universalidade e os particularismos na produção do conhecimento, lema do congresso, oportunizou a realização do Simpósio Comunidades Quilombolas, Ciganas e Indígenas na América Latina: racismos institucional e epistemológico, que abordou o racismo como mecanismo social e politicamente construído e sustentado pelas instituições e epistemologia dominantes. Produzindo uma divisão abissal entre brancos e não-brancos, baseada na invenção da superioridade branca, o racismo se manifesta em normas, práticas sociais e comportamentos discriminatórios e excludentes. É reforçado cotidianamente na segregação e exclusão de populações racializadas em relação ao acesso e fruição de bens e privilégios gerados pelo Estado e por instituições privadas, tais como a educação, saúde, assistência social, habitação, segurança e justiça. O racismo é igualmente sustentado por uma dimensão epistemológica: nos espaços onde o conhecimento é produzido ou dele dependem decisões organizativas, legais ou políticas, o racismo tem mostrado sua radicalidade, expressando-se na recusa em reconhecer como válidos os conhecimentos produzidos por populações racializadas – por exemplo, negros/negras, ciganos/ciganas, indígenas –, negando a legitimidade de repertórios e cânones não-ocidentais, designadamente às concepções dominantes de racismo. A qualidade dos trabalhos apresentados por ocasião do simpósio e a potência das discussões provocadas nos levou à ideia, acolhida valorosamente pelos Cadernos do LEPAARQ, de produzir esse dossiê com o desejo de ampliar a visibilidade dos trabalhos que analisam as tensões provocadas pelo racismo nas relações sociais e políticas e os dispositivos de violência e violações de variadas naturezas – física, psicológica, social, explícita ou simbólica, insidiosa ou bélica–, e provocar novas reflexões sobre as estratégias utilizadas pelas comunidades dissidentes para defenderem sua sobrevivência e enfrentarem a sustentação, reedição ou reificação cotidianas de imaginários racistas e práticas discriminatórias observados em todas as esferas do tecido social.
INDIVIDUAL AND MATERNAL ASPECTS OF ATHLETE CRIOULO HORSES
Authors: Santos Fernanda Carlini Cunha dos , Curcio Bruna Da Rosa , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne
Published: July 2019

Freio de Ouro is a competition exclusively for Crioulo horses, officially promoted for over 30 years. Performance of equine athletes are correlated to maternal characteristics. This study aimed to describe individual and maternal aspects of athlete Crioulo horses that have won the Freio de Ouro competition. A retrospective study was performed with the data collected in the genealogical service of ABCCC, between the years 1982 and 2012. Data analyzed were the animals’ age at winning, maternal age at first parturition, maternal age at the winner’s parturition, and parturition order. Descriptive statistics were performed with a computer program. Mean age of winners was 7.1+0.17 years, 95.4% of the animals won between 4 and 11 years old and 3.2% after 12 years old. Mean maternal age at first parturition was 6+0.19, 53.6% of the females delivered before 5 years and, consequently, 46.4% at 6 years or over. Mean maternal age at parturition of the winners was 9.2+0.37 years. In the range between 5 and 8 years, 50.3% of the champions were born.  Approximately 5.9% of mares delivered champions when 4 years or younger, whereas 15.6% delivered at over 15 years. Around 28% of the champions were born from primiparous mares, 53.7% from 2nd–5th birth, and 18.3% were from their dams’ 6th–12th delivery. The present study provides retrospective information regarding individual and maternal aspects of athlete Crioulo horses that have won the Freio de Ouro over the last 30 years.
ECMO as a Bridge to Reoperative Cardiac Surgery in a Patient with Cardiogenic Shock and Severe Aortic Insufficiency Due to an Acute Aortic Valve Homograft Failure
Authors: Unai Shinya , Khullar Vishal , Elgharably Haythem , Navia Jose L
Published: July 2019

We report a 62-year-old male who had severe aortic insufficiency after a homograft root replacement, requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation prior to surgery due to profound cardiogenic shock. Severe aortic insufficiency is a contraindication for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but we were able to stabilize the patient and successfully perform an urgent reoperative surgery.
Genomic Prediction of Additive and Non-additive Effects Using Genetic Markers and Pedigrees
Authors: de Almeida Filho Janeo Eustáquio , Guimarães João Filipi Rodrigues , Fonsceca e Silva Fabyano , Vilela de Resende Marcos Deon , Muñoz Patricio , Kirst Matias , de Resende Júnior Marcio Fernando Ribeiro
Published: July 2019

The genetic merit of individuals can be estimated using models with dense markers and pedigree information. Early genomic models accounted only for additive effects. However, the prediction of non-additive effects is important for different forest breeding systems where the whole genotypic value can be captured through clonal propagation. In this study, we evaluated the integration of marker data with pedigree information, in models that included or ignored non-additive effects. We tested the models Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) and BayesA, with additive and additive-dominance frameworks. Model performance was assessed for the traits tree height, diameter at breast height and rust resistance, measured in 923 pine individuals from a structured population of 71 full-sib families. We have also simulated a population with similar genetic properties and evaluated the performance of models for six simulated traits with distinct genetic architectures. Different cross validation strategies were evaluated, and highest accuracies were achieved using within family cross validation. The inclusion of pedigree information in genomic prediction models did not yield higher accuracies. The different RKHS models resulted in similar predictions accuracies, and RKHS and BayesA generated substantially better predictions than pedigree-only models. The additive-BayesA resulted in higher accuracies than RKHS for rust incidence and in simulated additive-oligogenic traits. For DBH, HT and additive-dominance polygenic traits, the RKHS- based models showed slightly higher accuracies than BayesA. Our results indicate that BayesA performs the best for traits with few genes with major effects, while RKHS based models can best predict genotypic effects for clonal selection of complex traits.
Establecimiento participativo del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Maquenque
Authors: Chassot Olivier , Monge Guiselle , Méndez Julián L.
Published: July 2019

En 1992 se elaboró la primera propuesta técnica de establecimiento del Parque Nacional Maquenque, en la zona fronteriza de Costa Rica   con   Nicaragua.   Diez   años   después,  el   Ministerio   del Ambiente  y  Energía  resolvió  apoyar  al  Comité  Ejecutivo  del Corredor   Biológico   San   Juan-La   Selva   con   una   meta   de conservación más integral para la conducción del establecimiento del Parque Nacional Maquenque. Gracias a un aporte financiero fundamental    del    Critical    Ecosystem    Partnership    Fund    y Conservación  Internacional  fue  posible  realizar  varios  estudios técnicos e investigaciones científicas, entre los que el de tenencia de la  tierra  y  el  del  estado  ambiental  base  de  la  región  fueron  el principal  insumo  para  elaborar  el  plan  de  manejo  del  área  del parque propuesto. En conjunto con los pobladores de la zona de amortiguamiento, se acordó abandonar la propuesta de creación de parque nacional y, en su defecto, solicitar la creación de un área silvestre  protegida,  con  categoría  de  “refugio  nacional  de  vida silvestre mixto”. En concordancia con todo el proceso, en 2005 se creó el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Mixto Maquenque. De esta  manera  ordenada,  y  con  clara  determinación,  Costa  Rica reafirma   su   compromiso   con   la   biodiversidad   y   con   el establecimiento  de  un  enlace  crítico  de  conservación,  entre  el Sureste de Nicaragua y la Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica, con una incidencia directa en el patrimonio natural de ambos países y del istmo mesoamericano.
Riqueza y distribución de mamíferos medianos y grandes en San Lucas
Authors: Hermes María Susana , Morales Andrea , Bustamante Aida , Castro Mónica
Published: July 2019

No disponible
Población de mono congo en isla San Lucas
Authors: Rosales Marleny
Published: July 2019

No disponible
ELECTRONIC LETTER IN THE ASPECT OF TEXT CATEGORIES
Authors: Kuvarova Оlena
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of implementation of such textual categories as completeness, connectivity, dialogization in electronic letter. Object of study is electronic correspondence and the subject is the style, structure, syntax of letters. Material of the research includes published letters of the Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor R. G. Barantsev to colleagues and friends, as well as their response letters. Descriptive method, methods of contextual and communicative-pragmatical analysis are used in the research. Practical application of the research is possible while teaching the syntax and stylistics of Russian language. Conclusion: speech implementation of a number of textual categories in electronic letters has its own characteristics. Such boundary demarcators of the epistolary text as address, signature, etiquette formulas of greeting and farewell are reducing (in whole or in part) if the exchange of messages is frequent, thereby the formal completeness of the text is weakening. The dialogization in electronic correspondence is formed not only by the linguistic means typical for written messages (address, signature, pronouns and verb forms of the 2nd person), but also in other ways, such as direct quotation instead of transmitting someone else's speech as direct or indirect speech, language game as a stylistic device that forms a certain tone of communication. The widespread use of incomplete and one-compound sentences, pronouns that are not related to the antecedent, increases the importance of common apperception base of the participants in communication for understanding the text and continuing the epistolary dialogue. Specifying the subject of speech by pronouns with the absence of its introductory nomination in a letter, sending to previous texts of the correspondence by pronouns and particles, stylistic unity within the chain of letters exchanged between two correspondents are the means that enhance the coherence of the text, extend it beyond a separate letter and transform the exchange of monologue  texts into a continuous epistolary discourse.
MODERN SLOVAK LANGUAGE AND PROBLEMS OF ANGLICISMS IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD
Authors: Shpitko Iryna
Published: July 2019

Dictionary entries and speech context representing use / nonuse of anglicisms in the Internet language are objects of the research; original and borrowed resources to nominate new concepts are subjects of the research. Objective of the research is to demonstrate features of modern Slovak lexis in the context of worldwide globalization processes. The research involves methods of observation, comparison, and description. The research results in the identification of anglicisms and their national linguistic equivalents in the lexical and semantic system of the Slovak language. Practical implication of the research results is possible in terms of studying dynamic processes of lexical and semantic systems of the Slavic languages and practices of certain Slavic countries while solving the problems of anglicisms. Conclusions are as follows: 1) under the modern globalization conditions, lexical level of the language, being characterized by higher dynamics, demonstrates considerable influence of anglicisms; 2) borrowing process has both its advantages and disadvantages: on the one hand, it diversifies and enriches vocabulary of the speakers, on the other hand, it expels proper linguistic structures; 3) the Slovak language is rich with different linguistic tools to define various culture-bound items surrounding the speakers with the active use of both word-forming and semantic (including metaphoric transitions) resources for the process of nomination; 4) in terms of lexical and semantic system of the Slovak language, interaction of the original and borrowed resources is rather obvious, their parallel existence shows prospective and harmonic development of the Slovak vocabulary.