bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CANADA’S MIGRATION POLICY: PRIORITIES FOR TRANSFORMATIONAL CHANGE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Voskoboinyk V.V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the identification of transformational changes in Canada’s migration policy in the current geopolitical and socio-economic conditions. The origins of the formation of the state migration policy of Canada were identified, and statistical indicators on the number of immigrants in Canada in 2000-2020 were analyzed. It is established that in 2023, the vast majority (97.6 %) of Canada’s population growth came from international migration (both permanent and temporary immigration) and the remaining portion (2.4 %) came from natural increase. The structure of the plans for immigration levels in Canada for 2023-2026 is studied. Overall, the Immigration Levels Plan 2024–2026 has permanent resident admissions targets of 485,000 in 2024 and 500,000 in 2025. For 2026, the plan is to stabilize at the 500,000 level. The components of the strategic approach to immigration regulation are summarized; the categories of immigrant admission in Canada, as well as the main state immigration programs are characterized. It is concluded that Canada’s current migration policy is focused mainly on business migration. The author identifies the comprehensive tools for regulating immigration that have been operating in Canada for many years. The author highlights the current trends in the regulation of state migration flows that have emerged over the past few years (active promotion of digital transformation, increased competition for talent, revision of immigration goals in the context of determining certain restrictions). The article contains a proposed list of the main components of Canada’s modern migration policy (focus on long-term economic growth; support for humanitarian traditions; support for Francophone immigration; continued implementation of new digital systems in the field of migration regulation). Conclusions are drawn that it is expedient to further study the current transformational changes in Canada’s migration policy in the context of finding effective measures and instruments for regulating migration flows on the principles of long-term and complexity. Keywords: Canada, immigrants, international migrants, labor market, migration, migration policy, transformation.
PECULIARITIES OF THE KEY IMAGES CONVEYING OF А.S. PUSHKIN’S POEM “TO THE SLANDERERS OF RUSSIA” IN ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Authors: Rubtsov Alexey A. , Nenarokova Maria R.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of rendering the key images of A.S. Pushkin’s poem “To the Slanderers of Russia” in the English translations. The research aims at comparative analysis of the key images rendering and stylistic features of the poem. The research material comprises three English translations. The article analyses the transformation of the text and its key images. In particular, the article compares the semantic fields of the original lexemes with their English equivalents. It is defined how the translator’s selection of a particular translation unit affects the tonality of the work. Moreover, the impact of the historical context and the translators’ personal perception on the translated text is analysed. The article deals with the problem of transferring realities when translating a poetic text. The study applies elements of etymological, comparative-historical and comparative analyses. The images conveyed are actively undergone various translational transformations. The transferred images are actively subjected to various translation transformations.
STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF REGIONAL NEWSPAPERS IN KOSTROMA REGION TO ALL-RUSSIAN STANDARDS: A SYNTACTIC APPROACH
Authors: Galkina Natalia P.
Published: November 2024

The paper is devoted to the analysis of complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition, cause, goal, concession, consequence in regional newspapers of Kostroma Region in comparison with the data of similar studies conducted on the material of all-Russian periodicals. The grammar of the language, which is the backbone of the entire language system, is the most stable, standardised, which should be manifested at the syntactic level. The description of linguistic phenomena in the materials of regional periodicals in comparison with the all-Russia’s ones contributes to the forming of a general picture of the syntax of the modern Russian language. This paper shows on quantitative research data the correspondence of the syntax of regional newspapers with the language of all-Russia’s periodicals in the following aspects – the distribution of complex sentences with various types of subordinate clauses in the general system of conditionality and the peculiarities of using the means of their construction. It is shown that in the texts of regional newspapers of Kostroma Region, at the syntactic level, there are all the structural and semantic features of complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality – distribution by their types, the use of typed and non-typed means of communication, the phenomena of gradation, inversion, parcellation, phraseologisation of subordinate clauses. On the example of functioning of the most popular, semantically capacious and significant complex sentences, it is concluded that the syntactic media image of Kostroma Region reflects the general picture in modern Russian journalism, which indicates the stability of the system of complex sentences at the current stage of language development.
THE AUTHOR’S VOICE IN THE TRAGEDY OF A.S. PUSHKIN “BORIS GODUNOV”
Authors: Golodniak Oksana V.
Published: November 2024

The article examines some forms of the author’s presence in the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin “Boris Godunov”. The analysis of these forms is carried out on the basis of Korman’s idea of the existence of two main ways of expressing the author’s consciousness in a play – plot-compositional and verbal. The latter involves detecting the author’s voice in the speech of the characters. In “Boris Godunov”, the chronicler Pimen and the holy fool Nikolka, who accuse Godunov of the murder of Tsarevich Dimitri, are traditionally considered to be close to the author. The author of the article, noting the special status of these characters – carriers of the written and oral word about the crime committed, at the same time emphasizes that the author’s voice in the play does not merge with the voices of the characters. The poet artistically explores the historical situation and shows it in a complex interweaving of different opinions, perspectives, moral assessments and circumstances. As a result, the characters gain independence, and the action develops according to the laws of life. This idea is supported in the article by considering some of the techniques by which the author, as it were, is eliminated from the play, striving for maximum objectivity of what is depicted. Thus, “Boris Godunov” embodies Pushkin’s ideas about drama and about the tasks of a dramatic writer.
CONFLICT-GENERATING POTENTIAL OF GENDER NEOLOGISMS OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE DISCOURSE
Authors: Khatlamadzhijan Margarita A.
Published: November 2024

The current stage of development of society is characterised by high dynamism due to cultural transformation and the complication of social relations. At the top of the value space is the desire to equalise gender roles and the promotion of polygender affiliation. The vocabulary of a language undoubtedly responds to the rapid development of society. Continuous social contradictions have increased the level of tension in society. Due to a complete change in the culture of gender interactions and the construction of a new picture of the existence of men and women, the severity of gender contradictions began to be seen with particular clarity. This work is aimed at examining “risky” neologisms, analysing their conflict potential with the identification of evaluative semes and studying the features of gender stereotyping. Studying the conflict-generating potential of gender neologisms allows us to trace the sociocultural rhythm of transformations and study the essential features of the interaction between men and women in a specific historical and cultural space. Our research analysis allows us to conclude that gender neological nominations arise as a result of social demand, which acts as the main driving force of neologisation in language. The constant broadcast of gender-based sociocultural images, the visualisation of masculine and feminine identities in linguistic consciousness, and the ascription of stereotypical social roles act as a conflict-generating factor that can activate a mostly negative emotional reaction.
LANGUAGE OF TOTALITARIANISM: NATIONAL LINGUISTIC POLICY IN FASCIST ITALY AND MILITARIST JAPAN
Authors: Pogoretskaya Olga A. , Panchenko Yury Yu.
Published: November 2024

When it comes to creating a notorious ideology, in the hands of those in power, language becomes a tool for consolidating a nation. Fascist Italy and militarist Japan are prime examples of the use of language as a means of uniting people in the name of proclaimed “new” values and ideals. In the present article the authors provide a detailed analysis of language policy in both countries: from the initial desire to unite the inhabitants of the country with the proclaimed order under the aegis of a single nation by means of language, to open hostility to any manifestations of heterogeneity, in particular to regional dialects or dialectal variants of the literary national language, to an open struggle against loan words, even those that had already been firmly established or consolidated in the domestic language. The study attempts to trace what changes happened to Italian and Japanese languages when intransigent parties had come to power with their ideologies; to analyze to what extent the language policies of Italy and Japan in the 1st half of the 20th century are similar and to what extent they differ; and we also summarise the results of such restrictive language policies after the World War II resulted in the said politicians’ defeat.
THE FUNCTIONING OF COMONYMS IN MODERN SONG TEXTS OF THE TATAR AND MARI PEOPLES
Authors: Khabibullina Flera Ya. , Ivanova Iraida G.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern musical and song tradition of the contacting ethnic groups of the Middle Volga region. The main attention is focused on the study of song texts in the Tatar and Mari languages contained in the names of rural settlements of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Republic of Mari El. The preservation of a common trend for all ethnic groups, expressed in the unification of thematic groups, the preservation of common features of national and cultural specificity in the performance of musical works, has been established. An archaic pentatonic characteristic of the Tatar song model, borrowed into the Mari folk song, has been recorded. It is confirmed that the basis of the modern Tatar and Mari musical and song culture of the village is the genre of village chant, marking the place of existence of the song and informing about the attribution of the song to a certain locality. There is a direct connection between the village and the rustic motif (chant). The implementation of the village tune is carried out mainly in everyday languages through lyrical songs and “takmak”. “Takmak” (analogous to Russian chastushka), as a legacy of the musical influence of the Turkic-Tatar population of the Middle Volga region, retained its influence on the musical tradition of the Cheremis (Mari) people, which allowed to establish a certain kinship of modern folkish songs of these peoples in rural society. The marking of the geographical affiliation of the song works is provided by toponyms describing the location of a particular locality. Song collections of a consolidated type in the Tatar and Mari languages are presented in printed and electronic versions. A comparative analysis of modern songs, including comonyms, revealed the manifestation of similar features when they are implemented in a natural cultural environment. Most modern folkish songs, both Tatar and Mari, are based on traditional motifs of the small homeland, nostalgia for the rural nativity, love of nature, autobiographical history, memories of past youth and childhood, indicating the characteristic features of the geo-landscape for this territory, as well as linguistic and cultural images based on the motives of sociocommunication – the presentation of the settlement, its residents, outstanding natives, self-presentation, promotion of village traditions, relationships of the multiethnic composition of the village, etc.
DENAZIFICATION OF THE IDEOLOGY OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM IN OCCUPIED GERMANY 1945–1949
Authors: Petelin Boris V.
Published: November 2024

The policy of denazification pursued by the victors in occupied Germany, which is discussed in the article, is reflected in published sources, research, and memoirs. However, most of them concern practical measures aimed at eliminating the Nazi regime, primarily the identification and punishment of war criminals. It was much more difficult with the ideology of Nazism, which had penetrated deeply into German society. The problem was also the initial lack of understanding of its content and role in the formation of a totalitarian regime. The war had showed what a real threat to humanity the ideas and designs of German fascism, striving for world domination, posed. During the occupation period, the Allies had to rebuild the education system, upbringing, culture, social relations, and social life of the Germans. The ambiguity of approaches, which took place in the policy of all the occupation authorities in Germany, nevertheless showed us that the main tasks of denazification were indeed solved. However, the process of “overcoming the totalitarian pastˮ did not end there and had its continuation in the German history of the second half of the 20th century.
“POLITICALLY MATURE AND EXPERIENCED ONE...”: SOME MODELS OF ROTATION OF THE FIRST SECRETARIES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY REGIONAL COMMITTEE IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 1940S TO THE 50S (based on the materials of the Upper Volga regions)
Authors: Nikiforov Yury S.
Published: November 2024

The article analyses the models of rotation of regional leadership in the Upper Volga regions at the end of Stalin’s period and in the beginning of Khrushchev’s one. The focus is on the 3 first secretaries of the Communist Party regional committee in the 1940–50s - Pavel Alfyorov, Vladimir Luk’yanov, Fyodor Titov, who at different times were Party leaders of Vladimir, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl regions. Attention is paid to quantitative and institutional characteristics associated with personnel rotations of late Stalinism and Khrushchev Thaw. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism and systematicity, the prosopographic method, a combination of analysis of archival documents and sources of personal origin. The theoretical basis of the article is based on the ideas of Yelena Zubkova, Aleksandr Konovalov, Aleksey Fyodorov, Oleg Khlevniuk, Yoram Gorlizki. The source base is represented by documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, materials from documentary publications and reference publications, and personal sources (memoirs, interviews). The article concludes, that the biographies of the first secretaries of the regional committees of the Upper Volga regions (Pavel Alfyorov, Vladimir Luk’yanov, Fyodor Titov) demonstrate 3 different models of rotation of regional leadership personnel of Stalin and Khrushchev periods, but do not exhaust the diversity of personnel movements in the post-war USSR. It is noted that the first rotation model “From region to region”, inherent in Vladimir Luk’yanov, can be considered typical of the group of successful Stalinist promoters of the late 1930s. It is emphasised that the second model “Region-centre-region”, inherent in Pavel Alfyorov, reflects a move across the regions with a short-term return to the central apparatus of an experienced but not quite successful Party functionary. It is stated that the third model “Second-First-Second”, inherent in Fyodor Titov, was more rare, characterised by alternating the position of first secretary of the regional committee in the regions of the Russian Soviet Republic and second secretary in the republican communist parties of the USSR. The significance for career growth in the 1940-50s is noted considering the positions of second secretary of the regional committee, chairman of the regional executive committee, inspector of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, structures of the central apparatus. As the finishing point in the nomenclature career of Party functionaries of the 1950–60s, the Party Control Committee is indicated. The publication is an invitation to discussion for representatives of the scientific community regarding the typification and classification of regional Party leaders of the Soviet era.
BORIS GODUNOV OF A.S. PUSHKIN EVALUATED BY A.F. VOEYKOV’S RUSSKY INVALID AND LITERARY SUPPLEMENT TO RUSSKY INVALID
Authors: Nikitina Dinara M.
Published: November 2024

The article describes the opinions on the tragedy Boris Godunov by A.S. Pushkin, which appeared from 1831 to 1836 in Russky Invalid and Literary Supplements to Russky Invalid by A.F. Voeykov. A frontal, consistent study of critical articles and polemical materials in these publications shows that Voeykov, who first heard an excerpt from the tragedy in 1826 and enthusiastically responded to it, sympathized with the release of the full text of the tragedy from print in 1830. As an editor, Voeykov expressed his desire to provide the magazine with support for the poet’s new work. As a critic, he highly appreciated Boris Godunov, put it on a par with Pushkin’s other works, including those that were highly praised by critics, and identified Boris Godunov as one of the significant achievements of Russian literature and an example of Russian tragedy. Voeykov’s critical judgments about the work that appeared in press are indirectly confirmed by I.A. Velyaminov’s surviving response letter to him.
PRE-REVOLUTIONARY HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PROBLEM OF PROOF OF MEMBERSHIP IN THE NOBILITY IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Krasinski Ivan V.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the main pre-revolutionary works on the problem of proving one’s membership in the Szlachta (nobility) in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Achievements and shortcomings of pre-revolutionary historiography are identified. The research on this issue is divided into two stages. The first stage (16th–18th centuries) was characterized by genealogical and heraldic studies (Maciej Stryjkowski and Bartosz Paprocki, Kasper Niesiecki). The second stage (late 18th – 1st quarter of the 20th century) is represented by the works of Ivan Lappo, Matvei Lyubavsky, Fyodor Leontovich, Stanisław Ptaszycki, and others. It is concluded that pre-revolutionary historiography provided a rich material for research but missed aspects such as the reasons and legal regulation of the procedure for proving membership in the Szlachta, the tactics of judicial processes, and their impact on the society and culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Nevertheless, the pre-revolutionary period laid the foundation for further research on the problem of proving nobility, which remains relevant in the 21st century.
CHAIRMEN OF KOSTROMA DISTRICT COURT: THEIR ROLE AND PLACE IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1871-1917)
Authors: Zaitsev Leonid N.
Published: November 2024

Based on archival and historical materials, the article examines in detail the personalities of the chairmen of the Kostroma District Court for the period 1871–1917. Based on the study of the personnel of Kostroma District Court, the purpose of the study is to analyse the personalities of its chairmen as a special social group and their place in the system of judicial authorities of the Russian Empire. The main stages of their life path, formation and professional development as judicial figures are revealed. Topicality is due to insufficient research of the scientific biographies of the chairmen of the courts of post-reform Russia, as well as the expansion of the source base of research on their personalities. The author introduced new facts about the activities of the chairmen of Kostroma District Court into scientific circulation, which made it possible to recreate the portrait of judicial officials of the second half of the 19th – the early 20th century. Their estate origin, education, well-being, marital status, and official status are investigated. Their role and place in the activities of the judicial bodies of the Russian Empire are noted, including through effective public administration in the field of justice in the context of an increasing crisis of power. The conclusion is made about their personal contribution to the management of the judicial branch of government in Kostroma Province, their professionalism.
STAGES OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE OF STATE ACCREDITATION IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Krasnoshchekov Alexander A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the procedural activity carried out within the framework of state accreditation in the field of higher education. The purpose of the article is to identify problematic issues and develop proposals for improving the regulatory acts governing the relevant administrative procedure. The author’s definition of accreditation expertise is formulated as a special procedure for studying educational activities for a specific educational program, conducted by competent experts with special knowledge in the field of education, within the framework of which accreditation indicators and educational activities of the organisation are compared, which allows determining its quality. The need to exclude from the subject of accreditation expertise such indicators as the average score of the unified state examination of students accepted based on its results for training in higher education programmes, as well as the average score of entrance examinations, is substantiated, since these indicators cannot be attributed to the indicators of the quality of educational activities for a specific educational programme of higher school. The integration of the electronic educational environment of educational institutions with the Federal State Information System “the unified identification and authentication system” is proposed. The necessity of specifying individual deadlines within the stage of accreditation expertise is substantiated, which will help to ensure the right of an educational organisation to timely receive the result of the state service for accreditation of educational activities.
THE ROLE OF THE RUSSIAN ANIMAL PROTECTION SOCIETY IN IMPROVING THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE FIELD OF HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Beznosova Yana V.
Published: November 2024

The article analyses one of the key law-making initiatives of the Russian Animal Protection Society, which arose in 1865. This law-making initiative of Society was launched in the 2nd half of the 19th century and thanks to it, a norm establishing legal responsibility, appeared in the criminal law act of the Russian Empire – the «Statute on Punishments Imposed by Justices of the Peace». For the first time in the history of the development of Russian law a norm that establishes legal liability for intentionally inflicting torment on pets has appeared. The different law-making practice of protecting animals from cruel treatment, which at the said time did exist in foreign countries, is given. It was taken into account by the Society when developing the draught law. Starting with the introduction of administrative measures to protect animals in the form of «Rules for the treatment of animals» approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Society faced with the ineffectiveness of their application in practice after some time. Then the Society came to the conclusion that it was necessary to establish in legislation legal liability for causing animals to suffer. The draught law prepared by the Society, found a response from the supreme authorityas a result of which, Russian criminal law was supplemented with a fundamentally new norm that puts animal rights under the state protection of.
ESTATES AS PLACES OF POWER
Authors: Seifert Elena I.
Published: November 2024

Book Review: The estate and the dacha in the literature of the Soviet era: losses and acquisitions: collective monograph; comp. O.A. Bogdanova; ed. by V.G. Andreeva, O.A. Bogdanova. Moscow, IWL RAS Publ., 2024, 672 p. (Russian Estate in the World Context; issue 8) The object of the review is the eighth issue of the book series “Russian Estate in the World Context”, the collective monograph “Estate and Dacha in the Literature of the Soviet Era: Losses and Gains” (2024). Project manager about the estate, Doctor of Philology O.A. Bogdanova and other prominent scientists, using material from a large number of writers, explore the metamorphosis of the estate text in Soviet times. The author of the review notes the integrity of the concept, the unified style with the brightness of the idiostyles of individual scientists (the reviewer pays special attention to their points of view) and the overall high analytical level of the monograph. The estate text of the Soviet era, for the first time comprehensively studied in this publication, appears as different open facets – it is part of the “garden city” as a development of the locus of the noble estate, and a rhetorical cluster of meanings, and a place for a “journey around the house”, and a regional estate as a place concentration of cultural forces, and, most importantly, the degeneration in the post-estate world of the estate into a dacha, so poeticized by B.L. Pasternak. The reviewer draws attention to the fact that the collective monograph provides materials for compiling an anthology of excerpts from world estate texts.
PUSHKIN’S JUBILEE OF 1937 IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Authors: Azarov Yuri A.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the characteristics of the celebrations dedicated to the hundredth anniversary of death of A.S. Pushkin, which took place not only in the USSR, but also in the Russian exile. According to the decree of the Soviet government in 1935, the All-Union Pushkin’s Committee was established under the chairmanship of A.M. Gorky. The Committee was allocated significant funds for various events, which made it possible to publish a scientific collection of Pushkin’s works. The Russian émigré organizations also took an active part in the preparation of the festive events, organized own committees and began implementing its own publishing program. The analysis suggests comparison of the activities of the committees in Paris and Prague, while emphasizing that they were not related to the work of the Soviet committees created both in the USSR and abroad under the auspices of the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Documents are cited confirming that in Czechoslovakia, in the conditions of the establishment of diplomatic relations with the USSR and the signing of a Mutual Assistance Agreement, local authorities, yielding to the insistence of the Soviet side, refused to support the émigré celebrations. As a result, the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists in Prague was forced to abandon its broad program of Pushkin’s celebrations. Thereby, in 1937 parallel celebrations were held in Prague, as in Paris, not comparable in scale, but nevertheless equally important for perpetuating the heritage of Pushkin and popularizing his work abroad.
PUSHKIN’S WORD IN THE NARRATIVE DISCOURSE OF V.Е. MAXIMOV (based on the novels “Look into the abyss” and “The nomadism to Death”)
Authors: Fokina Madina A. , Mohammed Shohra
Published: November 2024

The article characterizes Pushkin’s quotes, including famous catch words and expressions, in the novels of the famous Russian prose writer of the second half of the twentieth century, V.Е. Maximov. The purpose of the study is a philological analysis of the features of the structure and semantics of winged units, determining the uniqueness of their functioning in narrative discourse. The novel “Look into the Abyss” uses Pushkin’s quotes from the poems “To the Sea” and “Demons,” while the novel “The nomadism to Death” mentions Pushkin’s quote from the novel “Eugene Onegin” and a catchphrase from “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish.” Pushkin’s figurative words in Maximov’s artistic narration are a means of creating the author’s irony, speech characteristics of the main character and the primary narrator, form narrative polyphony, provide intertextual interaction, unite different plot lines of novels and ensure the structural and semantic integrity of texts.
Pulmonary Zygomycosis in a Patient with X-CGD
Authors: Garcia Barbosa Claudia Plech , Xavier da Silva Matheus Cana Brasil , de Carvalho Magalhães Rafael Burlacchini , Coelho Victor Farias , Lopes Thainá Catão , Coelho Filho João Carlos
Published: November 2024

Objective: To report a case of an X-CGD diagnosed patient presenting atypical zygomycosis. The X-CGD is a genetic disorder, autosomal recessive linked to the X, characterized by recurrent infections and granulomas formation.
Description: Male patient, five years, admitted at the hospital experiencing fever and shortness of breath for two months. The patient was hospitalized and given Ceftriaxone and discharged after improved clinical condition, but continued showing dyspnea and fever. The persistent clinical state demanded lung biopsy which revealed mucorales fungi.
Comment: This study has shown the importance of the correlation among infectious diseases from distinct pathogens in one individual.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR COVID - 19
Authors: E. Eren , A.U. Kiliç
Published: November 2024

The current pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused about 350 000 deaths in world. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current clinical management includes supportive treatment and infection prevention and control measures. Research and clinical data regarding suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. In this review, we will update and summarize the most common and plausible drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These drugs and therapeutic agents include antiviral agents (favipiravir, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine-chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir) and immunomodulatory agents (tocilizumab, tnf alpha inhibitors, corticosteroids, mesenchymal stem cell), among others.

Нынешняя пандемия коронавирусной болезни 2019 года (COVID-19) вызвала около 350 000 смертей в мире. В настоящее время не существует проверенных эффективных вакцин или терапевтических средств против тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома коронавируса 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Текущее клиническое ведение включает поддерживающее лечение и меры профилактики и контроля инфекции. Исследования и клинические данные в отношении этого предполагают потенциальный список перепрофилированных лекарств с соответствующими фармакологическими эффектами и терапевтической эффективностью при лечении пациентов с COVID-19. В этом обзоре мы будем обновлять и обобщать наиболее распространенные и вероятные препараты для лечения пациентов с COVID-19. Эти лекарственные средства и терапевтические агенты включают противовирусные агенты (фавипиравир, ремдесивир, гидроксихлорохин-хлорохин, лопинавир / ритонавир) и иммуномодулирующие агенты (тоцилизумаб, ингибиторы TNF-альфа, кортикостероиды, мезенхимальные стволовые клетки) и другие.

2019 жылғы коронавирустық аурудың қазіргі пандемиясы (COVID-19) әлемде 350 000-ға жуық өлім тудырды. Қазіргі уақытта 2 коронавирустың ауыр жіті респираторлық синдромына (SARS-CoV-2) қарсы тексерілген тиімді вакциналар немесе дәрілер жоқ. Ағымдағы клиникалық жүргізу демеуші емді және инфекцияның алдын алу және бақылау шараларын қамтиды. Бұған қатысты зерттеулер мен клиникалық деректер COVID-19 бар пациенттерді емдеуде тиісті фармакологиялық әсерлері мен терапиялық тиімділігі бар қайта бейіндегі дәрілердің тізімін ұсынады. Бұл шолуда біз COVID-19 бар пациенттерді емдеуге арналған ең көп таралған және ықтимал препараттарды жаңартып, жинақтаймыз. Бұл дәрілік заттар мен терапевтік агенттерге вирусқа қарсы агенттер (фавипиравир, ремдесивир, гидроксихлорохин-хлорохин, лопинавир / ритонавир) және иммуномодуляциялық агенттер (тоцилизумаб, TNF-альфа тежегіштері, кортикостероидтар, мезенхимальды бағаналы жасушалар) және басқалар кіреді.
COVID-19 В КАЗАХСТАНЕ И ВОСТОЧНО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: С.Б. Маукаева , А.З. Токаева , Ж.Б. Исабекова , Е.М. Смаил , Г.И. Нуралинова , В.А. Тренина , С.С. Каримова , А.Ж. Киебаева , С.Н. Битимиров , Е.Т. Жунусов
Published: November 2024

Новая коронавирусная инфекция, вспыхнувшая в декабре 2019 года в Китае, распространилась по всему миру, не стал исключением и Казахстан. Вопросы эпидемиологии, клиники, методов лечения данного заболевания в настоящее время находятся на стадии изучения. Цель настоящего исследования - описать клинико-эпидемиологическую характеристику COVID-19 в Казахстане и Восточно-Казахстанской области (ВКО). Было проведено ретроспективное исследование случаев COVID-19 по данным Комитета контроля качества и безопасности товаров и услуг Министерства Здравоохранения Республики Казахстан с января по 15 мая 2020 г. в Казахстане и ВКО. Также в работе представлен анализ клинико-эпидемиологической характеристики случаев COVID-19, имевших место в г. Семей.

New coronavirus infection that broke out in December 2019 in China spread throughout the world, and Kazakhstan was no exception. Issues of epidemiology, clinic, treatment for this disease are currently under study. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan and the East Kazakhstan region (EKR). Retrospective case study of COVID-19 was conducted according to the Committee for Quality and Safety of Goods and Services of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan from January to May 15, 2020 in Kazakhstan and EKR. The paper also presents analysis of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases of COVID-19 that occurred in Semey.

2019 жылдың желтоқсанында Қытайда бүрк еткен жаңа коронавирустық инфекция бүкіл әлемге таралды, солардың ішінде Қазақстан да бар. Осы аурудың эпидемиологиясы, клиникасы, емдеу әдістерінің мәселелері қазіргі уақытта зерттелу сатысында. Осы зерттеудің мақсаты - Қазақстанда және Шығыс Қазақстан облысында (ШҚО) COVID-19 клиникалық-эпидемиологиялық сипаттамасын жасау. Қазақстан Республикасы Денсаулық сақтау министрлігі тауарлар мен қызметтердің сапасы мен қауіпсіздігін бақылау комитетінің деректері бойынша 2020 жылдың қаңтарынын 15 мамырға дейін Қазақстан және ШҚО бойынша COVID-19 жағдайларына ретроспективті зерттеу жүргізілді.Сонымен қатар жұмыста Семей қаласында орын алған COVID-19 жағдайларының клиникалық-эпидемиологиялық сипаттамасына талдау жасалды.
‘The Playful Entrepreneur’ Fostering Entrepreneurial Education in Early Childhood Education
Authors:   ,   Munster Technological University, Murray Trudie
Published: November 2024

This study explores the integration of entrepreneurial education within early childhood settings in Ireland, focusing on embedding entrepreneurial capabilities at the foundational stages of education. Recognising the critical role that early experiences play in lifelong learning, this research advocates for equipping preschool children with essential 21st-century skills, such as independence, creativity and problem-solving. Despite significant investment in early childhood education, the integration of entrepreneurial education remains limited within existing pedagogical frameworks, which prioritise social, emotional, and cognitive skills without explicitly addressing entrepreneurial capabilities. Utilising a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, the study examines how early childhood educators can foster an entrepreneurial mindset, attitude, and capabilities among preschool children. It develops a comprehensive conceptual framework, providing a scaffold for the effective integration of entrepreneurial education into preschool settings. The research emphasises the crucial role of early childhood educators as facilitators of entrepreneurial learning, and considers the policies and training programmes that either facilitate or impede this integration. A key finding is the importance of ‘play’ as a powerful tool for entrepreneurial learning, enabling children to develop creativity, problem-solving skills, and independence through exploration and experimentation. The proposed early Entrepreneurial Education (eEE) Framework offers an innovative, structured approach to embedding entrepreneurial education in early childhood education curricula, enhancing educator training, and informing policy development. This thesis contributes to the broader dialogue on advancing educational strategies, preparing young learners for a global society that values entrepreneurial capabilities.
Kelimpahan Serangga akibat Beberapa Teknik Pengendalian pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)
Authors: Rahmadianti Shifani Shintya , Afifah Lutfi , Adhi Satriyo Restu , Irfan Budi
Published: November 2024

The decline in the production of long beans in Indonesia is one of the causes of a pest attack. The majority of farmers in Indonesia, still use synthetic pesticides as a pest control effort. The aim of this research is to obtain a pest control technique that gives the lowest result against insect abundance in long bean crops. (Vigna sinensis L). The study used a single factor random group design (RAK) method with 6 repetitions and 4 treatments including: No Treatment/Control (K), Biointensive Control (PB), Combined Control (PK) and Synthetic Control. (PS). The sampling of insects is done using 3 traps: yellow traps, pitfall traps and insect net traps. Sampling is done 10 times, starting from 1 – 10 mst. The data analyzed using a scale fingerprint, on a different real result will be performed a further trial of the Minimum Real Difference with a degree of 5%. PS control shows the results of the analysis with the lowest average abundance on insect net trap (SNT) of (130.17) and pitfall trap (PFT) of (147.50) different real from other treatments, but no real difference on yellow board trap (YST) of size (104,50).
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak di Perusahaan Tambang yang Terdaftar di BEI (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Tambang pada Tahun 2016-2020)
Authors: Indarti Dwi , Bambang Ahmad Indarto  , Fitri Dwi Jayanti
Published: November 2024

Many cases of tax avoidance are often carried out by large companies in Indonesia which are very detrimental to state revenues. One of them is the mining sector company which is the fourth largest tax contributor in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of return on assets, leverage and capital intensity on tax avoidance. This study uses quantitative research methods and uses secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial reports. The population in this study were all mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016 to 2020. The sample used in this study used the purposive sampling method to obtain 20 companies during the observation period of 5 consecutive years, so that 100 samples were obtained. The results of this study indicate that return on asset has a significant effect on tax evasion. Leverage has no significant effect on tax avoidance. Capital intensity has no significant effect on tax avoidance.
Abstrak
Banyak kasus penghindaran pajak kerap dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan besar di Indonesia yang sangat merugikan bagi penerimaan negara. Salah satunya yaitu perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang menjadi penyumbang pajak terbesar keempat di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh return on asset, leverage dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016 hingga 2020. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling didapat 20 perusahaan selama periode pengamatan 5 tahun berturut-turut, sehingga didapat 100 sampel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa return on asset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peng
Pengaruh Pelatihan, Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Toko The Planet Ban Kota Semarang
Authors: Cahyaningrum Allyssa Ayu , Nurdiyanto Ahmad Dwi , Yoto
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine and explain the influence partially and jointly of the Training (X1), Motivation (X2) and Work Environment (X3) variables on the Employee Performance variable (Y). The population in this study was 125 employees of the Planet Ban Shop, Semarang City, taking a sample of 95 people determined using the Slovin formula with a significance of 5%. This type of research is a type of quantitative approach carried out using a questionnaire method. The sampling technique in this research is cluster random sampling. The analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, multiple linear regression test, F-test, coefficient of determination and t-test. Based on the research results, it shows that training and the work environment partially have a positive effect on employee performance, while motivation has a negative effect on employee performance. Together all the independent variables have an influence on the dependent variable.
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan pengaruh secara parsial dan bersama-sama antara variabel Pelatihan (X1), Motivasi (X2) dan Lingkungan Kerja (X3) terhadap variabel Kinerja Karyawan (Y). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah karyawan Toko Planet Ban di Kota Semarang yang berjumlah 125 orang dengan mengambil sampel sebesar 95 orang yang ditetapkan dengan rumus slovin dalam signifikansi 5%. Jenis Penelitian ini yaitu jenis pendekatan kuantitatif yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah cluster random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji, regresi linear berganda, uji F, koefisien determinasi dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelatihan dan variabel lingkungan kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan variabel motivasi berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja karyawan. Secara bersama-sama semua variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen.
The Effect of Geographical Factors on the Foreign Policy of Qatar during 2014-2016
Authors: Abaalzamat Khlaid H.
Published: November 2024

Objectives:Qatar is a small country that showed an important role in the local, regional, and international levels. Several geographical factors such as location, area, shape, and regional water have affected Qatar’s foreign affairs policy. Therefore, this study aims at illustrating the role of geographical factors in the country’s foreign affairs policy. What makes the study significant is that it is the first study which focuses on this topic in Qatar. 
Methods: The study has used to analysis the Foreign polices decisions two methods (i.e. Dwisha, 1977) (Dawisha) framework throughout the study.
Results: The study revealed that some geographical factors had recently benefited Qatar during the forced siege by some GCC countries. Also, the political crises made Qatar depends mainly in its foreign affairs policy on the given energy resources alongside with a wide range of foreign relationships network with the effective countries in the international policy. This, enabled Qatar to overcome on the lack of space and population in order to enhance its economy to be out of the dominance of some GCC countries.
Conclusions: Finally, the study approved that Qatar had inter-relation foreign network that positioned Qatar politically among countries, organizations, institutions comparing with large states. Keywords: Qatar’s geopolitics, Foreign policy, geographical factors, Qatar Siege, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
Evaluating ChatGPT's Role in Assessing Turkey's Medical Tourism Trends
Authors: Akpur Akın , Enes Kemal
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the ChatGPT as an expert in the field of medical tourism. Another objective of this study is to assess its evaluations regarding the current state and future prospects of medical tourism in Turkey from an artificial intelligence perspective.
Methods:  Within the scope of the study's objectives, questions were created for ChatGPT regarding the current state and future prospects of medical tourism in Turkey. First, the draft questions were prepared by the authors of this article using the literature. All questions were evaluated by experts through online interviews. Totally 8 experts have been evaluated the questionnaires. These experts consisted of two tourism professors who had research on medical tourism, three major medical tourism hospital managers, one reconstructive aesthetician clinic owner, and the Turkish Healthcare Travel Council Founding Chairman.  The second step of the research questionnaire was applied to the ChatGPT Model 4, which was trained as a medical tourism expert. than test the answers of the AI used the tools “Completeness of content, Lack of false information in the content, Evidence supporting the content, Appropriateness of the content, and Relevance,” referred as CLEAR. All answers were evaluated by 41 experts who had articles and research on medical tourism in Turkey.  To explain the methodology appropriately, reporting was conducted using the METRICS checklist, which was prepared for artificial intelligence studies.
Results: TThe general answers of ChatGPT 4-o were accurate, informative, and helpful, providing a good overview of medical tourism in Turkey. However, the responses lacked detail, did not provide evidence-based information, and did not always address the nuances and cultural/social impacts of medical tourism. ChatGPT 4-o views the future of Turkey’s medical tourism as shiny and will force the lead in general.
Conclusions: This study is important for revealing data on the current and future state of medical tourism through artificial intelligence. However, only a few studies have been conducted on artificial intelligence and medical tourism. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing literature that systematically evaluates the ChatGPT responses of medical tourism experts. In this regard, it is believed that the study will benefit both academics and practitioners.