bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A contact problem for a plane weakened by a periodic system of variable width slots
Authors: Mirsalimov Vagif
Published: January 2017

We consider a problem on compression of an elastic isotropic plane with a periodic system of slots of variable width comparable with elastic deformations. The case of appearance of several contact sections of slot faces contact is studied. Therewith it is considered that on some part of the contact area there arises adhesion of faces, on the remaining part the slippage may happen. The problem on equilibrium of periodical system of slots with partially contacting faces under the action of compressive load is reduced to the problem of linear conjugation of analytic functions. Contact stresses, sizes of contact sections and adhesion zones are determined.
Inclusions inside a bounded elastic body undergoing anti-plane shear
Authors: Zou W-N , Lee Y-G , He Q-C
Published: January 2017

As a problem of theoretical and practical interest, anti-plane shear is mathematically simple and prone to analytical solutions. However, almost no analytical solutions have been reached for the problem of inclusions embedded in a bounded domain and undergoing anti-plane shear eigenstrain. In this work, using some techniques of complex analysis and integral formulae derived previously, Eshelby’s anti-plane shear problem of inclusions in a finite isotropic elastic body is solved analytically. The cross-section of the inclusion with a prescribed uniform anti-plane eigenstrain can be of polygonal shape or any smooth one characterized by a Laurent polynomial, while the cross-section of the prismatic bar submitted to displacement or traction boundary conditions is required to be smooth. In particular, in the case where the cross-section of the prismatic bar and the one of the inclusion are both circular, explicit analytical expressions are derived for the strain and stress fields in different ways. Some examples are provided to illustrate how to implement the solutions based on the conformal maps.
Three-dimensional one-mode penetration of elastic waves through a doubly periodic array of cracks
Authors: Remizov Mikhael Y , Sumbatyan Mezhlum A
Published: January 2017

The paper is devoted to the calculation of the reflection and transmission coefficients, when a plane wave is incident on a two-dimensional grating with an infinite doubly periodic array of rectangular cracks in the elastic material. In the one-mode frequency range the problem is reduced to an integral equation holding over the single chosen crack. The semi-analytical method previously introduced for scalar and elastic plane problems gives explicit representations for the wave field and the scattering parameters.
Effects of Components of PM2.5 Collected in Japan on the Respiratory and Immune Systems
Authors: Honda Akiko , Fukushima Wataru , Oishi Mizuki , Tsuji Kenshi , Sawahara Takahiro , Hayashi Tomohiro , Kudo Hitomi , Kashima Yuji , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Sasaki Hideki , Ueda Kayo , Takano Hirohisa
Published: January 2017

Epidemiologic studies have reported that particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) affect respiratory diseases, including asthma. The components and/or factors of PM2.5 that contribute to the exacerbation of asthma have not been identified. We investigated the effects of extracts of PM2.5 collected in Japan on the respiratory and immune systems. PM2.5 was collected from an industrial area and an urban area in December 2013. Airway epithelial cells and immune cells were exposed to aqueous or organic extracts of PM2.5. Exposure to extracts from both areas, especially to organic extracts rather than aqueous extracts, caused a pro-inflammatory response via interleukin (IL) 6 production from airway epithelial cells, and it induced the maturation/activation of bone marrow–derived antigen-presenting cells via dendritic and epithelial cell (DEC) 205 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 86 expression and proportional changes in the constitution of the splenocytes. The extracts collected from the industrial area tended to show greater effects than those from the urban area. These results suggest that organic components of PM2.5 affect the respiratory and immune systems. These effects can differ by the collection areas. In addition, IL-6, DEC205, and CD86 can be predictive biomarkers for the respiratory and immune effects of ambient PM2.5.
2010 Henry Mayer Lecture Voices of the People: Audience Participation in Australian Radio
Authors: Griffen-Foley Bridget
Published: January 2017

John Laws famously labelled his commercial radio talkback program, and its genre, ‘dial-in democracy’. Amongst the mellifluous tones of Laws and ‘Andrea’, the gravelly rasps of Brian White and Derryn Hinch, and the impatient injunctions of Alan Jones and Howard Sattler have been the voices of countless ‘ordinary’ Australians. Here, I consider how voices of ‘the people’ have been heard in Australian print media outlets, led by The Bulletin, since the nineteenth century, and on Australian radio since the 1920s. The discussion moves from community singing to radio clubs, programs like Voice of the People to Australia's Amateur Hour, and of course to talkback. Along the way, it reflects on issues such as the flow of ideas and influences between Britain, the United States and Australia; the ways in which notions of the public and the community have been deployed by commercial radio managements and interpreted by broadcasting regulators; and how listeners and callers – like some regular writers of letters to the editor – can emerge as media identities in their own right.
From Ruthless Foe to National Friend: Turkey, Gallipoli and Australian Nationalism
Authors: Simpson Catherine
Published: January 2017

As the centenary of the Gallipoli landings draws closer, we will no doubt be inundated with more media debating the relevance, or otherwise, of this event to Australian national identity. In the plethora of academic literature that already exists about Gallipoli and the Anzac legend, little attention has been given to the role of Turkey. Over the course of the last century, particularly in Australian filmmaking, the Turk has been variously positioned as ruthless foe (during World War I), noble enemy (during World War II) and now national friend (post-1980s). I argue that what began as merely ‘respect’ for the enemy at Gallipoli post-1915 has now morphed into a nationally celebrated, government-constructed and media-supported friendship between Turkey and Australia. This article charts the shifting image of the Turk in Australian film and culture, but more specifically the role Turkey has played in constructing and perpetuating the Anzac legend and conservative visions of nationhood.
Ethical Free-for-All over Media Access to the Fire Zone
Authors: Muller Denis , Gawenda Michael
Published: January 2017

A major issue to arise in the aftermath of the Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria in February 2009 concerned access by the media to the places destroyed. This issue arose in five main forms: media efforts to circumvent roadblocks; use of deception by media to get into areas that were open only to residents; use of private property by media, with and without the connivance of the authorities, as venues for gathering material; balancing residents' rights of access and property protection against the media's need to discharge their legitimate function of informing the community; and managing crime scenes and protecting survivors from the media. This article explores these issues from the perspective of 28 media professionals who covered the fires. It identifies and discusses the ethical dilemmas raised, and describes how the journalists concerned resolved them. It contains many lessons for the media, the authorities and the public. It lays bare the lack of an ethical consensus among media people. In doing so, it points up some exemplary decision-making by individual journalists and the weaknesses of their profession's institutional framework. It is argued that these matter because ethical lapses at disaster scenes can cause harm to victims and survivors, as well as placing the safety of media personnel at risk. Parallel ethical issues confronted the authorities too. These are canvassed as well, and the implications for public policy discussed – particularly in relation to the justification for controlling media access, and balancing justifiable restrictions against competing interests such as the public right to information and the autonomy of survivors in being able to make their own decisions about whether to speak to the media.
The Rhetoric of ‘Community’: ABC Local Radio's Coverage of the 2009 Victorian Bushfires
Authors: North Louise , Dearman Philip
Published: January 2017

This article joins recent debates in media and communication studies concerning audience participation in news journalism. Specifically, we investigate the impact of an increasing reliance on audience-generated content on newsroom practice in traditional media organisations. We do this by recounting and analysing the experiences of journalists involved in ABC Radio's coverage of the dramatic Victorian bushfires of early 2009, which relied heavily on listener contributions and was closely integrated with the ABC's online coverage. Interviews with two staff at ABC Gippsland, and with the ABC's Manager of Emergency Broadcasting provide the basis for a case study of the kinds of tensions that media workers routinely confront within an organisation like the ABC. The interviews suggest that in negotiating the possibility of increased audience participation, journalists and their managers are thinking about much more than the rhetorics of democracy and the validity of news values: their focus is also on a complex of techno-organisational dilemmas, about the shape of organisational structure, the need for skill (re)development and the precise mechanics of creating and maintaining productive relationships with local communities. The significance of the research lies in its attempt to bring together a number of related factors: the increasingly active role of audiences in generating and supplying news content; the impact of digital communications technologies on news production practices; and the ABC's ongoing development of its now contested role as an ‘emergency broadcaster’.
Popular Knowledge and Performances of the Self in Distributed Networks: Social Media after Black Saturday
Authors: Horbury Alison , Hughes Peter
Published: January 2017

Following the Black Saturday bushfires in Victoria in 2009, a convenience sample of data from a variety of social network services (SNS) was assembled to investigate how people were using social media to understand and respond to the events. Two broad trends have so far emerged: social media were used to construct vernacular, as opposed to ‘expert’, knowledges of the events; and SNS were sites of performance of self as caring, empathetic and ethical. Any emergency media communication strategy seeking to mobilise SNS would do well to understand the place of SNS in popular constructions of catastrophic events.
Producers Speak: Creating Civic Spaces for New Zealand Children
Authors: Zanker Ruth
Published: January 2017

This article examines children's television production discourses. It first contextualises how regulations in New Zealand shape the children's broadcasting environment, then it asks producers of children's programs to describe how they go about creating public service programs for children within a complex media political economy. Several questions are addressed, with a key one examining how producers imagine their audiences and construct appropriate public spaces for them within the current constraints of funding and advertising regulation. The field research is based on extended face-to-face interviews conducted in 2009 with producers, a free-to-air television programmer and the television managers for the two funding agencies, New Zealand On Air (NZOA) and Te Māngai Pāho (Māori language media funding).
‘Upholding the Penny Principle’: The Australian Press, Empire Communications and the 1929 Beam Wireless Select Committee
Authors: Cryle Denis
Published: January 2017

This article analyses the establishment in February 1929 of the Senate Select Committee on Beam Wireless Charges, and examines the role played by powerful local communication interests – in particular, the Australian newspaper press – in the development of Australia's communications with the outside world, especially Great Britain. It is argued that the establishment of the Beam Wireless Committee of 1929, in which the media played a notable part, represented the culmination of a decade of popular local expectation concerning the advent of cheap, modern communications with the outside world, in turn articulating the needs and cultural isolation of a steady stream of immigrants from Great Britain.
Cinema-Going, Audiences and Exhibition
Authors: Aveyard Karina , Moran Albert
Published: January 2017

This special issue of Media International Australia represents an effort to progress critical understanding of the broader social and economic formations that shape the circulation and consumption of films. The collection provides a range of diverse and compelling insights into the processes of film circulation and viewing, both within the home and at the cinema. Accordingly, these articles address important questions such as: Why do audiences seek out film content? How are films accessed and by whom? What place does film have in popular social memory? How does the site of consumption shape the meaning of these cultural encounters? By what processes can we identify and study audiences?
Time, Scheduling and Cinema-Going
Authors: Jancovich Mark
Published: January 2017

The article considers the ways in which the meanings of film consumption are shaped by their timing or scheduling within people's lives. It begins by considering the ways in which these meanings are shaped in relation to historical time, and how the meanings of film consumption change over time. It then moves on to consider the ‘life course’, or the ways in which meanings of film consumption are affected by the different stages that people pass through across a lifetime. Finally, the article considers more cyclical patterns and routines such as those of the year, week and day. In the process, it seeks to demonstrate that film consumption is about much more than the interpretation of individual programs, and involves a series of social activities that are meaningful within broader social contexts.
Constructing the Pirate Audience: On Popular Copyright Critique, Free Culture and Cyber-Libertarianism
Authors: Lobato Ramon
Published: January 2017

Digital copyright has become a key site of debate and dissent as a generation of consumers accustomed to file-sharing of proprietary content seeks to assert its rights more aggressively. A vocal anti-copyright movement has emerged, rallying around a free-speech defence of piracy honed in opposition to the hardline approach to intellectual property (IP) enforcement pursued by the US entertainment lobbies. This article discusses recent attempts at collective legitimation within this movement, with a focus on the implicit critiques of copyright that underpin pro-piracy discourse. I conclude that if this kind of popular copyright critique is to be more than a pet cause for early adopters, it needs to begin with an inclusive philosophy of access that does not reify the creative consumer as the normative citizen of the information society.
What the Country Tells Us: The Place of the ‘Rural’ in Contemporary Studies of Cinema
Authors: Aveyard Karina
Published: January 2017

Cinemas have an important place in the social and cultural life of many Australian rural towns. They are valued as spaces around which residents of isolated communities can gather and interact, and have a role in mediating concepts of identity and in promoting positive emotional attachment to place. Rural cinema histories suggest these aspects of non-metropolitan movie-going have been significant since the very early days of this screen format. This article examines the role of geography in shaping the circumstances and meaning of cinema-going in contemporary rural Australia. It also explores the connections between modern and historical film attendance practices, which hitherto have been obscured by scholarly neglect of the rural. These interrelationships suggest a basis for rethinking the ways in which cinema audiences are categorised and studied.
Taking on the Box Office
Authors: Trevisanut Amanda Malel
Published: January 2017

For better or worse, under the intensifying pressure of market rationalisation, audience engagement with content produced by the heavily subsidised Australian film industry has become a pivotal issue. Historically, the success of local productions has been evaluated primarily through recourse to box office statistics. Rather than helping the industry, this article argues that over-reliance on this data can only further threaten the security of future government funding by rendering invisible the non-theatrical audience, and lending weight to the perception that Australian audiences don't consume local content. This article contends that an alternative and more suitable resource needs to be created for industry practitioners. It suggests that, as the industry-specific public institution responsible for the aggregation, interpretation and dissemination of industry-specific data, Screen Australia is the ideal candidate to provide such information.
Henry Mayer Lecture 2012: The Market Populism of Rupert Murdoch
Authors: McKnight David
Published: January 2017

Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation is the most powerful media organisation in the world. Murdoch's commercial success is obvious, but less well understood is his successful pursuit of political goals, using his news media. Murdoch himself is probably the most influential Australian of all time. He says the recent News of the World hacking scandal went ‘went against everything [he stands] for’. But how true is this? He sees himself as an anti-establishment rebel, yet his influence in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States makes him part of a global elite. He has become one of the key promoters of neo-liberal ideology of small government and deregulation over the past 30 years. The basis of his philosophy was expressed by one of his former editors, David Montgomery, who said ‘Rupert has contempt for the rules. Contempt even for governments.’ Murdoch is also a devotee of the neo-conservative wing of the US Republican Party. The possibility of exercising power through ownership of the news media has been little studied in recent years, but Murdoch's role in English-speaking countries over the last 30 years shows that perhaps we need to look again at such media theories.
What is ‘Network Journalism’?
Authors: Heinrich Ansgard
Published: January 2017

In today's interactive digital information environment, journalists lose the power to define what makes and shapes the news. Media outlets now maneouvre through a space characterised by continuous information flows, and share communication paths with new information providers in an online, always-on environment. This article sketches this dynamic sphere and introduces the paradigm of ‘network journalism’. Structured around digital networks, the sphere of network journalism unravels evolving patterns of information production. The task for journalistic organisations now is to figure out how to include the many traditional and alternative information nodes in their everyday work. The loss of control over a formerly strictly regulated information-exchange sphere is viewed here as an opportunity for journalism to review its practices.
The 15-M Movement and the New Media: A Case Study of How New Themes Were Introduced into Spanish Political Discourse
Authors: Casero-Ripollés Andreu , Feenstra Ramón A.
Published: January 2017

The 15-M Movement, driven by mass mobilisations calling for the regeneration of the political system in May 2011, has had a profound impact on Spanish political discourse. This article analyses the changes in news production and distribution resulting from the example set by this social movement. The introduction of news using social media outside the boundaries established by the journalistic and political elites represents an innovative strategy to bring the movement's demands on to the mainstream media agenda, and to instigate monitoring processes.
Talking in a Crowded Room: Political Blogging during the 2008 New Zealand General Election
Authors: Hopkins Kane , Matheson Donald
Published: January 2017

This article analyses two of New Zealand's foremost political blogs on public affairs in the four weeks prior to the 2008 New Zealand general election. The 2008 election represents, we argue, a moment when the scale and reach of blogging propelled it to a position of significance in New Zealand media. The study uses content analysis to track the material posted on these blogs and in their comments sections. It is concerned primarily with quantifying the kind of debate to be found there and, through that, analysing how these blogs contribute to the quality of public life. The findings show that while a small number of blogs dominate, one blog's comments section has seen significant growth in the number of individual commenters participating in political discussion. It therefore stands as a useful case study of how blogging has found a place within this country's mediated politics.
Lessons from America? News and Politics in Hard Times
Authors: Nolan David
Published: January 2017

On 30 October 2010, US news satirists Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert jointly held the ‘Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear’, attracting a crowd of over 200,000 in Washington, DC, and an estimated national audience of two million viewers on Comedy Central. While Stewart denied it, this event was widely interpreted as a satirical response to Fox News Anchor Glenn Beck's earlier ‘Restoring Honor’ rally, a controversial event that hosted numerous figures of the conservative and Christian right, including Sarah Palin. This event provides a case study in this article for a wider reflection on contemporary debates surrounding contemporary journalism, drawing on work that has situated ‘new political television’ in relation to wider transformations in mediated democracy, as this has been impacted by political-economic, technological, political and socio-cultural change.
Inundated by the Audience: Journalism, Audience Participation and the 2011 Brisbane Flood
Authors: Carah Nicholas , Louw Eric
Published: January 2017

Following the Brisbane flood in 2011, Seven's breakfast television program Sunrise launched a partnership with the Queensland government called ‘Operation Bounce Back’. The initiative called on skilled tradespeople to volunteer for the rebuilding effort, and extended Sunrise's representations of audience participation. In this article, we examine Operation Bounce Back in relation to different accounts of audience participation. We look at the interaction between Sunrise and the government in the management of Operation Bounce Back, and draw on both Sunrise's representations of the program and documents obtained under Right to Information provisions. The case provides the basis for considering the role of journalism in managing representations of public and audience participation.
Australian Journalism Studies after ‘Journalism’: Breaking down the Disciplinary Boundaries (For Good)
Authors: Harrington Stephen
Published: January 2017

This article argues that if journalism is to remain a relevant and dynamic academic discipline, it must urgently reconsider the constrained, heavily policed boundaries traditionally placed around it – particularly in Australia. A simple way of achieving this is to redefine its primary object of study: away from specific, rigid, professional inputs towards an ever-growing range of media outputs. Such a shift may allow the discipline to freely reassess its pedagogical and epistemological relationships to contemporary news-making practices – or the ‘new’ news.
Under the Volcano: Media, Ecology and the Crisis of Nature
Authors: Lewis Jeff , Lewis Belinda
Published: January 2017

The 2011 Japanese earthquake and subsequent malfunction at the Fukushima nuclear power plant occurred at the apex of a complex crisis of nature. While some commentators claim that the Fukushima malfunction was the result of a ‘natural disaster’, others situate the event within a broader context of human interventions in ecological and natural systems. Exercised through the global mediasphere, these environmental language wars are formed within crisis conditions and a crisis consciousness that have extensive genealogical roots. This article examines the crisis of nature in terms of contemporary and genealogical language wars that are embedded in a cultural politics of apocalysm. In particular, the article problematises the concept of ‘nature’ in terms of the disaggregation of human and non-human life systems. It argues that this disaggregation confounds the cultural politics of life (-death) systems, leading to excessive violence on the one hand, and Romantic idealisation on the other. The article recommends a reconceptualisation of nature that implicates all humans and human desires across the global mediasphere.
Digital Literacies and the National Broadband Network: Competency, Legibility, Context
Authors: Nansen Bjorn , Wilken Rowan , Arnold Michael , Gibbs Martin
Published: January 2017

This article reports on findings from an ethnographic study of fifteen participant households in North Hobart and Midway Point, Tasmania. Key themes emerging from this research have been gathered up and presented through the metaphor ‘digital literacy’. The first half of the article is concerned with developing a critical understanding of what is at stake in the notion, or metaphor, of digital literacy. The second half tests these understandings against our research. In our conversations with the people of North Hobart and Midway Point, we found evidence of digital illiteracy, and also evidence of the weaknesses of digital literacy as an explanatory trope. We group these findings using three themes: the presence of instrumental literacy; the illegibility of the NBN and its HSB services; and structural conditions limiting the acquisition of the NBN and its HSB services. These draw upon the digital literacy metaphor, but make its shortcomings clear, and the latter two in particular extend the metaphor from a personal deficit model to one that embraces technologies and social structures.
Rethinking Ethnography: An Introduction
Authors: Horst Heather , Hjorth Larissa , Tacchi Jo
Published: January 2017

This special issue of Media International Australia seeks to ‘rethink’ ethnography and ethnographic practice. Through the six contributions, the authors consider the variety of ways in which changes in our media environment broaden what we think of as ‘media’, the contexts through which media are produced, used and circulated, and the emergent practices afforded by digital media.
Social Media Ethnography: The Digital Researcher in a Messy Web
Authors: Postill John , Pink Sarah
Published: January 2017

Social media practices and technologies are often part of how ethnographic research participants navigate their wider social, material and technological worlds, and are equally part of ethnographic practice. This creates the need to consider how emergent forms of social media-driven ethnographic practice might be understood theoretically and methodologically. In this article, we respond critically to existing literatures concerning the nature of the internet as an ethnographic site by suggesting how concepts of routine, movement and sociality enable us to understand the making of social media ethnography knowledge and places.
Amateur Photography as Self-Ethnography: China's Rural Migrant Workers and the Question of Digital-Political Literacy
Authors: Sun Wanning
Published: January 2017

In recent decades, some distinctive cultural practices have emerged from China's rural migrant worker community. A small but growing number of rural migrant workers are consciously using the camera on their mobile phones to engage in varying levels of political and cultural activism. This article is concerned with the macro-level question of digital literacy and political consciousness among China's rural migrant working class, but it pursues this question through a close-up account of some individual rural migrants' initial encounters and subsequent experiences with the camera. By examining their cultural activist practices, and adopting a mode of inquiry most often used in visual anthropology, the article discusses issues of class consciousness and digital literacy. Drawing on sustained interaction with a dozen migrant activists in Beijing from 2009 to 2011, it provides a preliminary evaluation of the potential of digital media to construct collective self-ethnography, as well as its capacity to effect political socialisation and social change.
The ABC and Australia's Media Landscape
Authors: Spigelman James
Published: January 2017

This address from the Chairman of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation was presented at the RIPE@2012 conference in Sydney on 5 September 2012. It examines the challenges of digital technology currently facing the Australian media landscape.
Enacting Public Value on the Abc's Q&A: From Normative to Performative Approaches
Authors: Hawkins Gay
Published: January 2017

Is there anything left to say about public value and public service broadcasting (PSB) without lapsing into boosterism, special pleading, or wildly unsubstantiated claims about the role of PSB in making citizens and democracy? This article develops an alternative approach, one that considers publicness not as a pre-given or static value, but as something that has to be continually enacted or performed. Using recent debates in political theory, it examines the processes and ontological effects of what Latour calls ‘making things public’. It makes two assumptions. The first is that there is no such thing as ‘the public’ out there waiting to be addressed; rather, publics have to be called into being The second is that there are a multiplicity of ways in which publicness can be assembled, and the challenge for PSB is to establish why its strategies are better. The example used is the ABC's current affairs discussion show Q&A, which is investigated to see how it generates an ontology of publicness. In what ways is the notion of public address and assembly mobilised? How does the experience of a public as a form of what Warner calls ‘Stranger sociability’ extend from the live audience to the household viewer? In what ways are the notions of public reason and rational discussion enacted and disrupted? And how does this enactment of publicness generate a sometimes poetic, anarchic or ribald shadow reality tweeted in from anonymous participants competing for public attention? Finally, how does it both reproduce and reinvent existing institutional regimes of value within the ABC?
Hybridisation of Slovene Public Broadcasting: From National Community towards Commercial Nationalism
Authors: Volčič Zala , Zajc Melita
Published: January 2017

Public broadcasting institutions have existed as central and publicly funded national institutions, providing services in the public interest. The coincidence of technological, political and economic circumstances in the last 20 years or so, however, has challenged their monopoly position. Technological developments – specifically digitalisation – have expanded spectrum availability. In some cases, public television has been commercialised, privatised or marginalised by the introduction of commercial channels. This article focuses on a specific case study of the Slovene public broadcaster. It addresses the fate of public service television in the digital and post-communist era, tracing the transformation from state broadcasters to the era of digital delivery, audience fragmentation and commercial nationalism. It explores, on the one hand, the way in which public service broadcasters have embraced and capitalised on new forms of digital distribution and, on the other, how they continue to embrace national(istic) and commercial imperatives.
Thinking critically about affect in organization studies: Why it matters
Authors: Fotaki Marianna , Kenny Kate , Vachhani Sheena J.
Published: January 2017

Affect holds the promise of destabilizing and unsettling us, as organizational subjects, into new states of being. It can shed light on many aspects of work and organization, with implications both within and beyond organization studies. Affect theory holds the potential to generate exciting new insights for the study of organizations, theoretically, methodologically and politically. This Special Issue seeks to explore these potential trajectories. We are pleased to present five contributions that develop such ideas, drawing on a wide variety of approaches, and invoking new perspectives on the organizations we study and inhabit. As this Special Issue demonstrates, the world of work offers an exciting landscape for studying the ‘pulsing refrains of affect’ that accompany our lived experiences.
Smokers with MS have greater decrements in quality of life and disability than non-smokers
Authors: Briggs Farren BS , Gunzler Douglas D , Ontaneda Daniel , Marrie Ruth Ann
Published: January 2017

Background:

Tobacco smoke plays a pathogenic role in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may accelerate disease progression, yet, some people with MS continue to smoke after disease onset. The average smoker reports diminished health-related quality of life (HRQOL) across many populations.

Objectives:

To describe the relationships between smoking status and HRQOL, disease activity, and global disability in a US population with MS.

Methods:

We compared smokers to non-smokers in 950 responders to the Spring 2014 update survey completed by North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry participants. HRQOL was assessed using Short Form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2), disease activity was investigated using eight Performance Scales (PS) and three Functionality Scales (FS). Global disability was evaluated using Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) and an item response theory (IRT) summed score based on the PS and FS.

Results:

Smokers had lower HRQOL ( p < 0.0001), reported more disease activity ( p < 0.05) and greater deficits in all PS and FS ( p = 6 × 10−7 to 0.05), except mobility. Smokers and non-smokers did not differ by PDDS but had substantially greater IRT global disability ( p = 2 × 10−7).

Conclusion:

Active smoking is meaningfully associated with deficits across multiple domains in people with MS and adds to the growing literature of the need for MS-tailored smoking cessation programs.
Clinical characteristics of late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A multicenter retrospective study in Korea
Authors: Seok Jin Myoung , Cho Hye-Jin , Ahn Suk-Won , Cho Eun Bin , Park Min Su , Joo In-Soo , Shin Ha Young , Kim Sun-Young , Kim Byung-Jo , Kim Jong Kuk , Cho Joong-Yang , Huh So-Young , Kwon Ohyun , Lee Kwang-Ho , Kim Byoung Joon , Min Ju-Hong
Published: January 2017

Background:

There are currently few studies regarding late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (LO-NMOSD).

Objective:

We aimed to describe the characteristic features of patients with LO-NMOSD in Korea.

Methods:

Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from nine tertiary hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on age of onset: LO-NMOSD (⩾50 years of age at onset) versus early-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (EO-NMOSD) (<50 years of age at onset). Clinical, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were investigated.

Results:

Among a total of 147 patients (125 female; age of onset, 39.4 ± 15.2 years), 45 patients (30.6%) had an age of onset of more than 50 years. Compared to patients with EO-NMOSD, patients with LO-NMOSD had more frequent isolated spinal cord involvement at onset (64.4% vs 37.2%, p = 0.002), less frequent involvement of the optic nerve (40.0% vs 67.7%, p = 0.002), and less frequent brain MRI lesions (31.1% vs 50.0%, p = 0.034). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between age of onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at last follow-up ( r = 0.246, p = 0.003).

Conclusion:

Age of onset could be an important predictor of lesion location and clinical course of patients with NMOSD.
Embodied and Existential Wisdom in Architecture
Authors: Pallasmaa Juhani
Published: January 2017

In our culture, intelligence, emotions and embodied intuitions continue to be seen as separate categories. The body is regarded as a medium of identity as well as social and sexual appeal, but neglected as the ground of embodied existence and silent knowledge, or the full understanding of the human condition. Prevailing educational and pedagogic practices also still separate the mental and intellectual capacities from emotions and the senses, and the multifarious dimensions of human embodiment.
‘Chronic cough, cause unknown’: A qualitative study of patient perspectives of chronic refractory cough
Authors: Hulme Katrin , Dogan Sian , Parker Sean M , Deary Vincent
Published: January 2017

Chronic refractory cough patients have persistent, unexplained, treatment-resistant symptoms. Very little is known about non-physiological processes underlying chronic refractory cough or patients’ experience of the condition. In all, 14 patients participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were based on the comprehensive cognitive behavioural model and analysed thematically. Eight key themes emerged illustrating that the experience of the onset and persistence of chronic refractory cough is complex, often involving multiple interlinking factors. Themes highlighted the involvement of biological and psychological factors, and the prominent role of the social dimension in how the cough is experienced, perceived and managed. Implications for intervention development are discussed.
The relationship between cyberbullying and friendship dynamics on adolescent body dissatisfaction: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kenny Ursula , Sullivan Lindsay , Callaghan Mary , Molcho Michal , Kelly Colette
Published: January 2017

The relationship between cyberbullying and friendship dynamics on adolescent body dissatisfaction was examined. Data from the Irish contribution to the international cross-sectional 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study were used. Results showed that girls were three times more likely than boys to report that their body is too fat, and adolescents who were cyberbullied were almost twice as likely as adolescents who were not cyberbullied to consider themselves too fat. Stronger friendship dynamics were associated with decreased levels of body dissatisfaction, and friendship dynamics were found to partially mediate the relationship between cyberbullying and body dissatisfaction.
Beyond Agamben: Sovereignty, policing and ‘permissive space’ in South Africa, and beyond
Authors: Cooper-Knock Sarah-Jane
Published: January 2017

The work of Giorgio Agamben has been widely used by criminologists and others to explore policing and sovereignty across the globe. In this article, I explore Agamben’s conceptual framework, focusing on the commonly deployed ideas of ‘state of exception’ and ‘ homo sacer’. I highlight the limitations of Agamben’s legalistic theories, and argue that they leave us with an impoverished understanding of how sovereignty is negotiated in everyday life. As I demonstrate, scholars who have attempted to adapt Agamben’s ideas have failed to overcome these limitations in his analysis. I conclude that we must look for new ways forward and introduce the concept of ‘permissive space’ as an alternative to Agamben’s theoretical framework: an idea that allows a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis. Drawing on 10 months of fieldwork in Durban, South Africa, I illustrate the utility of this terminology for our analysis of policing.
The ‘mirror of evidence’ and the plausibility of judicial proof
Authors: Zhang Baosheng , Cao Jia
Published: January 2017

In the process of judicial proof, the court has to make findings of fact concerning events that happened in the past. But the triers of fact have no direct knowledge of the past events. Therefore, the triers can only find the truth by means of the ‘mirror of evidence’, which inevitably differs from the original facts of the case. It is the truth reconstructed in the trier’s mind, and only a product of thought. The ‘mirror of evidence’ doctrine explains that what the fact-finder could find is only a plausible account of the truth. As the evidence-based information cannot be entirely achieved, the facts reconstructed under the ‘mirror of evidence’ doctrine seem like ‘flowers in a mirror’. The judicial proof process is mostly deemed to be a probabilistic reasoning process. But its deepest foundation is the plausibility approach. The plausibility approach properly explains judicial proof better than the probability explanation. Compared with the western countries’ undergoing evolvement of the judicial proof theory from probability to plausibility, Chinese scholars are fighting against the statutory determination of evidence doctrine. The research on probability and plausibility will provide significant enlightenment in China in terms of rejecting the traditional theory of pursuing absolute certainty in judicial proof. We hope that by progressively renewing the understanding of judicial proof, the plausibility of judicial proof can be recognised and applied gradually in the judicial practice in China.
Development of European standards for evaluative reporting in forensic science
Authors: Biedermann Alex , Champod Christophe , Willis Sheila
Published: January 2017

Criminal justice authorities of EU countries currently engage in dialogue and action to build a common area of justice and to help increase the mutual trust in judicial systems across Europe. This includes, for example, the strengthening of procedural safeguards for citizens in criminal proceedings by promoting principles such as equality of arms. Improving the smooth functioning of judicial processes is also pursued by works of expert working groups in the field of forensic science, such as the working parties under the auspices of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). This network aims to share knowledge, exchange experiences and come to mutual agreements in matters concerning forensic science practice, among them the interpretation of results of forensic examinations. For example, through its Monopoly Programmes (financially supported by the European Commission), ENFSI has funded a series of projects that come under the general theme ‘Strengthening the Evaluation of Forensic Results across Europe’. Although these initiatives reflect a strong commitment to mutual understanding on general principles of forensic interpretation, the development of standards for evaluation and reporting, including roadmaps for implementation within the ENFSI community, are fraught with conceptual and practical hurdles. In particular, experience through consultations with forensic science practitioners shows that there is a considerable gap between the intentions of a harmonised view on principles of forensic interpretation and the way in which works towards such common understanding are perceived in the community. In this paper, we will review and discuss several recurrently raised concerns. We acknowledge practical constraints such as limited resources for training and education, but we shall also argue that addressing topics in forensic interpretation now is of vital importance because forensic science continues to be challenged by proactive participants in the legal process that tend to become more demanding and less forgiving.
Public policy and private illegality in the pursuit of evidence
Authors: Caruso David R. A.
Published: January 2017

The public policy discretion at common law in Australia was established in the High Court case of Bunning v Cross. The discretion has subsequently been interpreted and applied to permit courts to exclude evidence obtained by improper, unlawful or illegal conduct on the part of ‘the authorities’. The discretion has not been held to be enlivened for exercise in circumstances where the impugned conduct is on the part of private persons unconnected with law enforcement. This article argues that this fetter on the availability of the public policy discretion has been wrongly interpreted from the decision in Bunning and that, to the extent that the fetter now forms part of the common law discretion, it should be abandoned. The argument is made on the basis of the language, context, development and rationale of the public policy discretion as conceived in Bunning. The statutory Uniform Evidence Law, which applies in certain Australian jurisdictions, enacts a public policy discretion in s. 138 drawn from the common law public policy discretion. The Uniform Evidence Law is examined to indicate the absence of any fetter to the s. 138 discretion applying only to conduct by authorities as a basis for revising the understanding of the common law discretion. The comparable powers to exclude unlawfully obtained evidence in the United States and United Kingdom are examined to distinguish the rationale of the Australian discretion as requiring a broader scope of application. The internet is considered as a modern advent permitting previously unknown capacity for private persons to unlawfully police each other. Private criminal investigation through the internet is argued to be a further basis to mark the need for the extension of the Australian public policy discretion to all persons not only the authorities. The overarching thesis of this article is to demonstrate why the Australian common law public policy discretion should be enlivened by improper, unlawful or illegal conduct, regardless of the source of that conduct.
Is an oral-evidence based criminal trial possible in China?
Authors: Wang Zhuhao , Caruso David R. A.
Published: January 2017

Witness testimony is a fundamental component of any modern, adversarial judicial system. The criminal trial is particularly reliant on the testimony and cross-examination of witnesses to furnish to the judge and/or jury the relevant facts of the case. Chinese law and regulation, in particular the Chinese Criminal Procedural Law of 2012, stipulates that witnesses have a general responsibility to testify and establishes a series of supporting measures to facilitate witnesses testifying at trial. However, the appearance rate of witnesses to orally testify at criminal trials in China is and has long been extremely low. In keeping with common and civil law pre-trial preparation, it is common in China for witnesses to provide written statements at police stations or to procurators prior to trial. The difference is that these written statements often form the principal, and sole, evidence of the prosecution case at trial without appearance, examination or contradiction of the source witness. Chinese judges decide guilt on the written witness statements which are made pre-trial and at varying times prior to the trial. We briefly examine the detriments of this non-oral scrutiny of evidence. We examine the Chinese cultural adherence to a written criminal trial, despite provisions for an oral examination in the Chinese Criminal Procedural Law, and explain nine reasons why witnesses do not appear at trial. Our reasons are based on empirical study conducted in ten pilot programmes across District or Intermediate Courts in mainland China. We argue that our review of the need for an oral-based scrutiny of procurator-led evidence in criminal trials in China is indicative and instructive of the need for China to continue its current focus on considering and adapting common and civil law-based methods of judicial scrutiny and oversight into its criminal justice system.