bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changing Nature of Modernization Discourses in Documentary Films
Authors: Tabernero Carlos
Published: March 2018

Argument

Franco's fascist regime in Spain (1939-1975) offers the possibility of exploring the complex relationship between media communication practices and the processes of production, circulation, and management of knowledge. The regime persistently used film, and later on television, as indoctrination and disciplining devices. These media thus served to shape the regime's representation, which largely relied on the generation of positive attitudes of adherence to the rulers through people's submission and obedience to experts. This article examines the changing nature of modernization discourses and practices, as a fundamental element of the regime's propaganda strategies, and as portrayed in documentaries produced under its rule. The rhetoric of modernization involved an explicit deficit model of knowledge management, which aimed at legitimating the regime's deeds and policies in its first decades, as we shall see regarding colonial-medical documentaries produced for the official newsreel in the 1940s. However, the focus of such rhetoric, despite its enduring political aims, had to somehow open up as the relationship between experts and non-experts changed, both in epistemological and practical terms, such as in wildlife documentary films produced for television in the 1970s, the regime's last decade.
GROWTH, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND FISCAL POLICY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS
Authors: Ono Tetsuo
Published: March 2018

This study presents an overlapping-generations model featuring capital accumulation, collective wage-bargaining, and probabilistic voting over fiscal policy. The study characterizes a Markov-perfect political equilibrium of the voting game within and across generations, and it derives the following results. First, the greater bargaining power of unions lowers the capital growth rate and creates a positive correlation between unemployment and public debt. Second, an increase in the political power of elderly persons lowers the growth rate and shifts government expenditure from unemployed persons to elderly ones. Third, prohibiting debt finance increases the growth rate and benefits future generations; however, it worsens the state of present-day employed and unemployed persons.
Maternal low-quality protein diet exerts sex-specific effects on plasma amino acid profile and alters hepatic expression of methyltransferases in adult rat offspring
Authors: Akyol A. , Cetin A. Kabasakal , Gulec A. , Dasgin H. , Ayaz A. , Onbasilar I.
Published: March 2018

Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is a critical factor in the development of the offspring. Both protein content and source in maternal diet affect neonatal health, but the long-term effects of maternal low-quality protein diet on the offspring are less clear. This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal low-quality protein diet on offspring’s growth, development, circulating metabolites and hepatic expression of methyltransferases. Virgin Wistar rats were mated at 11 weeks of age. Dams were then maintained on either a chow diet with 20% casein as the control group (C), or a low-quality protein diet with 20% wheat gluten as the experimental group (WG) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, all offspring were fed a control chow diet until the age of 20 weeks. Male WG offspring had significantly lower body weight and energy intake, whereas female WG offspring had significantly higher body weight and energy intake when compared with controls. Early life exposure to WG diet had no significant effect on circulating metabolites. However, fasting insulin concentrations and homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were decreased in WG male and female offspring. Maternal low-quality protein diet increased plasma aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, cystathione and decreased lysine in male WG offspring. Conversely, the same amino acids were reduced in female WG offspring. Adult offspring exposed to WG diet had significantly upregulated hepatic DNMT3a and DNMT3b expressions. Our study showed that there were differential effects of maternal poor-quality protein diet upon adult offspring’s metabolism.
Maternal protein malnutrition: effects on prostate development and adult disease
Authors: Rinaldi J. C. , Santos S. A. A. , Colombelli K. T. , Birch L. , Prins G. S. , Justulin L. A. , Felisbino S. L.
Published: March 2018

Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.
Football and Public Opinion: A Partial Replication and Extension – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Busby Ethan C. , Druckman James N.
Published: March 2018

The last sentence of the abstract for “Football and Public Opinion: A Partial Replication and Extension” as published online in the Journal of Experimental Political Science on 8 November, 2017 contained the following error:

While the effects clearly can occur, there relevance to politics remains unclear.

It should have read as:

While the effects clearly can occur, their relevance to politics remains unclear.

The author and publisher apologize for this error.
Die Rolle des Schlafes in der Neurorehabilitation nach einem Hirninfarkt und traumatischen Hirnverletzungen
Authors: Lippert Julian , Duss Simone , Seiler Andrea , Müri René , Bassetti Claudio L.
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Der Artikel gibt eine kurze Übersicht über die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss des Schlafes im Wiederherstellungsprozess eingeschränkter motorischer und kognitiver Funktionen bei Patienten mit Hirnschlag und traumatischen Hirnverletzungen. Es werden potenzielle zugrundeliegende neuronale Mechanismen sowie mögliche neue Therapieansätze im Rahmen der Neurorehabilitation diskutiert.
Parkinson-Syndrome in der Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Möller Jens Carsten , Schweinfurther Raoul , Oechsner Matthias
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Parkinson-Syndrome spielen in der klinischen Neurologie eine wichtige Rolle und sind häufig durch neurodegenerative Krankheiten wie die Parkinson-Krankheit (PK), Multisystematrophie (MSA) oder progressive supranukleäre Blickparese (progressive supranuclear palsy, PSP) verursacht. Die motorischen Symptome Akinese, Rigor und Ruhetremor sprechen bei der PK meist gut auf die symptomatische medikamentöse Therapie an. Im Verlauf ist die PK aber durch Wirkungsfluktuationen der dopaminergen Therapie und durch das Auftreten axialer Symptome wie Hypophonie, Dysphagie, Haltungsstörungen, posturale Instabilität und freezing, die nur bedingt durch Medikamente gebessert werden, charakterisiert. Bei den atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen wie der MSA oder PSP ist das Ansprechen auf die medikamentöse Behandlung erfahrungsgemäß schlecht. Daher gewinnen nicht-medikamentöse neurorehabilitative Methoden bei Parkinson-Syndromen zunehmend an Bedeutung, auch wenn vor allem bei den atypischen Formen die Evidenzlage unbefriedigend ist. Außerdem sind Pumpentherapien (Apomorphin, Duodopa®) sowie die Nachbehandlung von Patienten mit PK nach Tiefer Hirnstimulation (THS) häufig Bestandteil einer stationären Neurorehabilitation.
What Causes Flash Floods in the Middle East?
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: March 2018

Researchers zero in on the large-scale meteorological processes driving extreme precipitation events in the hot, arid desert region.
Images Suggest a Viral Role in Some Rock Formation
Authors: den Hond Bas
Published: March 2018

Viruses might have helped transform dense bacterial colonies into a type of sedimentary rock that is frequently associated with underground oil reserves.
Facile synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether in high yield via the reductive etherification of furfural in ethanol over Pd/C under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Yun , Cui Qianqian , Guan Yejun , Wu Peng
Published: March 2018

Furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) was synthesized from furfural via reductive etherification in 81% yield over a Pd/C catalyst under mild conditions.
A modified ZSM-5 zeolite/Fe2O3 composite as a sorbent for magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction of cadmium, mercury and lead from urine samples prior to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Baile Paola , Vidal Lorena , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Canals Antonio
Published: March 2018

An analytical method in which a zeolite decorated with Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles is employed to determine Cd, Hg and Pb in urine samples.
Chiral and achiral 1D copper(ii) coordination polymers based on glycolato and chelating aromatic diamine ligands
Authors: Carballo Rosa , Castiñeiras Alfonso , Covelo Berta , Lago Ana B. , Vázquez-López Ezequiel M. , Gómez-Paz Olaya , Balboa Susana , Prieto Inmaculada
Published: March 2018

New chiral and achiral 1D coordination polymers based on glycolato and chelating aromatic diamine ligands.
Cd/In-Codoped TiO2 nanochips for high-efficiency photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Liu Dongliang , Huang Peng , Liu Yong , Wu Zhou , Li Dongsheng , Guo Jun , Wu Tao
Published: March 2018

A facile two-step process to prepare Cd/In-codoped TiO2 nanochips for high-efficiency photocatalytic dye degradation.
RbSe3B2O9(OH) and CsSe3B2O9(OH): one dimensional boroselenite-based anionic frameworks with second harmonic generation properties
Authors: Zhang Jian-Han , Wang Qi-Bing , Chen Chun-Le , Luo Ju-Xiang , Hu Chun-Li , Song Jun-Ling , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: March 2018

Two new NLO-active boroselenites RbSe3B2O9(OH) and CsSe3B2O9(OH) with 1D anionic frameworks.
Design of 3d–4f molecular squares through the [Fe{(HB(pz)3)}(CN)3]− metalloligand
Authors: Alexandru Maria-Gabriela , Visinescu Diana , Shova Sergiu , Oliveira Willian X. C. , Lloret Francesc , Julve Miguel
Published: March 2018

A new series of cyanido-bridged {FeIII2LnIII2} heterobimetallic molecular squares [Ln = La (1), Gd (2), Tb (3) and Dy (4)] has been prepared and magneto-structurally investigated.
Self-assembling bolaamphiphile-like collagen mimetic peptides
Authors: Yao Linyan , He Manman , Li Dongfang , Liu Huanxiang , Wu Jiang , Xiao Jianxi
Published: March 2018

Bolaamphiphile-like collagen mimetic peptides with charged aspartic acids at both terminals may provide a facile peptide-based approach to construct well-defined nanostructures.
Formation of methane clathrates in carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Akbarzadeh Hamed , Abbaspour Mohsen , Salemi Sirous , Nazarian Ali
Published: March 2018

In this study, we investigated the possible formation of methane clathrates in CNTs with different sizes.
Phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of γ-benzyl allenoates: facile synthesis of benzothieno[3,2-b]pyran derivatives
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Yu Aimin , Meng Xiangtai
Published: March 2018

An efficient tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphane catalyzed domino reaction between γ-benzyl allenoate and ethyl (Z)-2-(3-oxobenzo[b]thiophen-2(3H)-ylidene)acetate has been developed, which produces a series of 2H-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyran derivatives in high yields.
Probing ubiquitin and SUMO conjugation and deconjugation
Authors: Ovaa Huib , Vertegaal Alfred C.O.
Published: March 2018

Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins including small Ubl modifier (SUMO) are small proteins which are covalently linked to target proteins to regulate their functions. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art and point out what we feel this field urgently needs in order to delineate the wiring of the system. We discuss what is needed to unravel the connections between different components of the conjugation machineries for ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, and to unravel the connections between the conjugation machineries and their substrates. Chemical probes are key tools to probe signal transduction by these small proteins that may help understand their action. This rapidly moving field has resulted in various small molecules that will help us to further understand Ub and SUMO function and that may lead to the development of new drugs.
The Effects of Parent Training on Vocabulary Scores of Young Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Lund Emily
Published: March 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of short-term parent training on maternal use of language stimulation strategies and vocabulary scores in children with hearing loss.

Method

Six mother–child dyads participated in the multiple-baseline study. During baseline and maintenance, children engaged in a business-as-usual model of clinician-only therapy. During intervention, mothers and children participated in parent training focused on transparent labeling and linguistic mapping strategies. Parent strategy use was measured via weekly play-based probe assessments. Child vocabulary growth was measured via parent report.

Results

A relation between parent training and use of transparent labeling was established for all mothers, and a relation between parent training and use of linguistic mapping was established for 3 of 6 mothers. Child vocabulary growth rate increased from baseline to intervention in 4 of 6 children.

Conclusions

Short-term parent training can change parent behavior. However, parents may not maintain these skills without support. Further research is needed to characterize the extent to which short-term training can make long-term changes in parent and child outcomes.
Revised historical solar irradiance forcing
Authors: Egorova T. , Schmutz W. , Rozanov E. , Shapiro A. I. , Usoskin I. , Beer J. , Tagirov R. V. , Peter T.
Published: March 2018

Context. There is no consensus on the amplitude of historical solar forcing. The estimated magnitude of the total solar irradiance (TSI) difference between the Maunder minimum and the present time ranges from 0.1 to 6 W m−2 making the simulation of the past and future climate uncertain. One reason for this disagreement is the applied evolution of the quiet Sun brightness in solar irradiance reconstruction models. This work addresses the role of the quiet Sun model choice and updated solar magnetic activity proxies on the solar forcing reconstruction.

Aims. We aim to establish a plausible range for the solar irradiance variability on decadal to millennial timescales.

Methods. The spectral solar irradiance (SSI) is calculated as a weighted sum of the contributions from sunspot umbra, sunspot penumbra, faculae, and quiet Sun, which are pre-calculated with the NLTE Spectral SYnthesis code (NESSY). We introduce activity belts of the contributions from sunspots and faculae and a new structure model for the quietest state of the Sun. We assume that the brightness of the quiet Sun varies in time proportionally to the secular (22-yr smoothed) variation of the solar modulation potential.

Results. A new reconstruction of the TSI and SSI covering the period 6000 BCE - 2015 CE is presented. The model simulates solar irradiance variability during the satellite era well. The TSI change between the Maunder and recent minima ranges between 3.7 and 4.5 W m−2 depending on the applied solar modulation potential. The implementation of a new quietest Sun model reduces, by approximately a factor of two, the relative solar forcing compared to the largest previous estimation, while the application of an updated solar modulation potential increases the forcing difference between the Maunder minimum and the present by 25–40%.
Searching for Hα emitting sources around MWC 758
Authors: Huélamo N. , Chauvin G. , Schmid H. M. , Quanz S. P. , Whelan E. , Lillo-Box J. , Barrado D. , Montesinos B. , Alcalá J. M. , Benisty M. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Mendigutía I. , Bouy H. , Merín B. , de Boer J. , Garufi A. , Pantin E.
Published: March 2018

Context. MWC 758 is a young star surrounded by a transitional disk. The disk shows an inner cavity and spiral arms that could be caused by the presence of protoplanets. Recently, a protoplanet candidate has been detected around MWC 758 through high-resolution L′-band observations. The candidate is located inside the disk cavity at a separation of ~111 mas from the central star, and at an average position angle of ~165.5°.

Aims. We aim at detecting accreting protoplanet candidates within the disk of MWC 758 through angular spectral differential imaging (ASDI) observations in the optical regime. In particular, we explore the emission at the position of the detected planet candidate.

Methods. We have performed simultaneous adaptive optics observations in the Hα line and the adjacent continuum using SPHERE/ZIMPOL at the Very Large Telescope (VLT).

Results. The data analysis does not reveal any Hα signal around the target. The derived contrast curve in the B_Ha filter allows us to derive a 5σ upper limit of ~7.6 mag at 111 mas, the separation of the previously detected planet candidate. This contrast translates into a Hα line luminosity of LHα ≲ 5×10−5 L⊙ at 111 mas. Assuming that LHα scales with Lacc as in classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) as a first approximation, we can estimate an accretion luminosity of Lacc < 3.7 × 10−4 L⊙ for the protoplanet candidate. For the predicted mass range of MWC 758b, 0.5–5 MJup, this implies accretion rates smaller than Ṁ < 3.4 × (10−8−10−9)M⊙ yr−1, for an average planet radius of 1.1 RJup. Therefore, our estimates are consistent with the predictions of accreting circumplanetary accretion models for Rin = 1RJup. The ZIMPOL line luminosity is consistent with the Hα upper limit predicted by these models for truncation radii ≲3.2 RJup.

Conclusions. The non-detection of any Hα emitting source in the ZIMPOL images does not allow us to unveil the nature of the L′ detected source. Either it is a protoplanet candidate or a disk asymmetry.
The role of abiotic and biotic environmental factors in shaping epiphyton on common reed in shallow, hydrologically transformed, temperate lakes
Authors: Toporowska Magdalena , Rechulicz Jacek , Adamczuk Małgorzata , Niedźwiecki Michał
Published: March 2018

Epiphytic algae are an important group of organisms involved in primary productivity, nutrient cycling, and energy transfer in littoral food webs. However, multifactorial studies conducted on epiphyton on the same substrate across a spectrum of environmental parameters are very limited. Here, we present first complex field study on the role of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the species richness, diversity, abundance, and biomass composition of epiphyton on common reed in four shallow lakes with different trophic status, water and fish management, and the abundance and structure of potential algal grazers: littoral crustaceans and fish. The obtained results revealed that the algal taxa richness was the lowest in the hypertrophic lake and the highest in the meso-eutrophic lake. Epiphyton abundance (predominated by pennate diatoms) and biomass were found to be the highest in eutrophic water bodies. Biomass consisted primarily of diatoms, but we found the seasonal predominance of filamentous Chlorophyta (in the eutrophic lakes) and Chlorophyceae (in the meso-eutrophic lake). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the frequency of water level fluctuations was the most significant variable in the composition of epiphyton. RDA also revealed the importance of grazing pressure of fish. Thus, in hydrologically transformed lakes, man-made factors may be of great relevance in the development of epiphytic algae.
Modulation infrared thermometry of caloric effects at up to kHz frequencies
Authors: Döntgen Jago , Rudolph Jörg , Waske Anja , Hägele Daniel
Published: March 2018

We present a novel non-contact method for the direct measurement of caloric effects in low volume samples. The adiabatic temperature change ΔT of a magnetocaloric sample is very sensitively determined from thermal radiation. Rapid modulation of ΔT is induced by an oscillating external magnetic field. Detection of thermal radiation with a mercury-cadmium-telluride detector allows for measurements at field frequencies exceeding 1 kHz. In contrast to thermoacoustic methods, our method can be employed in vacuum which enhances adiabatic conditions especially in the case of small volume samples. Systematic measurements of the magnetocaloric effect as a function of temperature, magnetic field amplitude, and modulation frequency give a detailed picture of the thermal behavior of the sample. Highly sensitive measurements of the magnetocaloric effect are demonstrated on a 2 mm thick sample of gadolinium and a 60 μm thick Fe80B12Nb8 ribbon.
Thin layer model for nonlinear evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Authors: Zhao K. G. , Wang L. F. , Xue C. , Ye W. H. , Wu J. F. , Ding Y. K. , Zhang W. Y.
Published: March 2018

On the basis of the thin layer approximation [Ott, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1429 (1972)], a revised thin layer model for incompressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability has been developed to describe the deformation and nonlinear evolution of the perturbed interface. The differential equations for motion are obtained by analyzing the forces (the gravity and pressure difference) of fluid elements (i.e., Newton's second law). The positions of the perturbed interface are obtained from the numerical solution of the motion equations. For the case of vacuum on both sides of the layer, the positions of the upper and lower interfaces obtained from the revised thin layer approximation agree with that from the weakly nonlinear (WN) model of a finite-thickness fluid layer [Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 122710 (2014)]. For the case considering the fluids on both sides of the layer, the bubble-spike amplitude from the revised thin layer model agrees with that from the WN model [Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 052305 (2010)] and the expanded Layzer's theory [Goncharov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 134502 (2002)] in the early nonlinear growth regime. Note that the revised thin layer model can be applied to investigate the perturbation growth at arbitrary Atwood numbers. In addition, the large deformation (the large perturbed amplitude and the arbitrary perturbed distributions) in the initial stage can also be described by the present model.
Unavoidable electric current caused by inhomogeneities and its influence on measured material parameters of thermoelectric materials
Authors: Song K. , Song H. P. , Gao C. F.
Published: March 2018

It is well known that the key factor determining the performance of thermoelectric materials is the figure of merit, which depends on the thermal conductivity (TC), electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient (SC). The electric current must be zero when measuring the TC and SC to avoid the occurrence of measurement errors. In this study, the complex-variable method is used to analyze the thermoelectric field near an elliptic inhomogeneity in an open circuit, and the field distributions are obtained in closed form. Our analysis shows that an electric current inevitably exists in both the matrix and the inhomogeneity even though the circuit is open. This unexpected electric current seriously affects the accuracy with which the TC and SC are measured. These measurement errors, both overall and local, are analyzed in detail. In addition, an error correction method is proposed based on the analytical results.
Manipulating acoustic wave reflection by a nonlinear elastic metasurface
Authors: Guo Xinxin , Gusev Vitalyi E. , Bertoldi Katia , Tournat Vincent
Published: March 2018

The acoustic wave reflection properties of a nonlinear elastic metasurface, derived from resonant nonlinear elastic elements, are theoretically and numerically studied. The metasurface is composed of a two degree-of-freedom mass-spring system with quadratic elastic nonlinearity. The possibility of converting, during the reflection process, most of the fundamental incoming wave energy into the second harmonic wave is shown, both theoretically and numerically, by means of a proper design of the nonlinear metasurface. The theoretical results from the harmonic balance method for a monochromatic source are compared with time domain simulations for a wave packet source. This protocol allows analyzing the dynamics of the nonlinear reflection process in the metasurface as well as exploring the limits of the operating frequency bandwidth. The reported methodology can be applied to a wide variety of nonlinear metasurfaces, thus possibly extending the family of exotic nonlinear reflection processes.
Featuring of transient tunneling current by voltage pulse and application to an electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Yun Jun Yeon , Lee Won Cheol , Choi Seong Wook , Park Young June
Published: March 2018

We suggest a voltage pulse method for detecting the transient tunneling current component (faradaic current component) in a metal/redox-active monolayer/electrolyte system. After applying the pulse to the metal electrode, the capacitive current prevails; therefore, it is difficult to extract the tunneling current, which carries information on the biochemical reactions occurring between the biomarkers in the electrolyte and the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as the probe peptide system. Instead of waiting until the capacitive current diminishes, and thereby, the tunneling current also decreases, we try to extract the tunneling current in an early stage of the pulse. The method is based on the observation that the capacitive current becomes symmetrized in the positive and negative pulses after introducing the SAM on the metal electrode. When the energy level of the redox molecule is higher than the Fermi level of the metal under zero-bias condition, the tunneling current in the negative pulse can be extracted by subtracting the capacitive current obtained from the positive pulse, where the tunneling current is neglected. The experiment conducted for detecting trypsin as a biomarker shows that the method enhances the sensitivity and the specific-to-nonspecific ratio of the sensor device in the case of the nonspecific protein-abundant electrolyte solution, as evinced by cyclic voltammetry measurements in comparison.
Constant size descriptors for accurate machine learning models of molecular properties
Authors: Collins Christopher R. , Gordon Geoffrey J. , von Lilienfeld O. Anatole , Yaron David J.
Published: March 2018

Two different classes of molecular representations for use in machine learning of thermodynamic and electronic properties are studied. The representations are evaluated by monitoring the performance of linear and kernel ridge regression models on well-studied data sets of small organic molecules. One class of representations studied here counts the occurrence of bonding patterns in the molecule. These require only the connectivity of atoms in the molecule as may be obtained from a line diagram or a SMILES string. The second class utilizes the three-dimensional structure of the molecule. These include the Coulomb matrix and Bag of Bonds, which list the inter-atomic distances present in the molecule, and Encoded Bonds, which encode such lists into a feature vector whose length is independent of molecular size. Encoded Bonds’ features introduced here have the advantage of leading to models that may be trained on smaller molecules and then used successfully on larger molecules. A wide range of feature sets are constructed by selecting, at each rank, either a graph or geometry-based feature. Here, rank refers to the number of atoms involved in the feature, e.g., atom counts are rank 1, while Encoded Bonds are rank 2. For atomization energies in the QM7 data set, the best graph-based feature set gives a mean absolute error of 3.4 kcal/mol. Inclusion of 3D geometry substantially enhances the performance, with Encoded Bonds giving 2.4 kcal/mol, when used alone, and 1.19 kcal/mol, when combined with graph features.
Generation of spin currents from one-dimensional quantum spin liquid
Authors: Hirobe Daichi , Kawamata Takayuki , Oyanagi Koichi , Koike Yoji , Saitoh Eiji
Published: March 2018

Spin-Seebeck effects (SSEs) in a one-dimensional quantum spin liquid (QSL) system have been investigated in a Sr2CuO3/Pt hybrid structure. Sr2CuO3 contains one-dimensional spin-12 chains in which typical spinons in QSL have been confirmed. Heat-induced voltage measured in a clean Pt/Sr2CuO3 exhibits anomalous sign reversal with decreasing temperature, the negative component of which can be attributed to the spinon-induced SSE. However, the SSE was found to be critically decreased upon the exposure of Sr2CuO3 to air, which can be associated with the chemical degradation of the interface of Sr2CuO3. Despite the drastic change in the SSE signals, properties of the one-dimensional QSL are little changed in the spin susceptibility as well as the thermal conductivity of Sr2CuO3. The SSE signal is also sensitive to the purity of Sr2CuO3; it is suppressed with a decrease in the purity of the primary compounds of the Sr2CuO3. The result indicates that the spinon-induced SSE in Sr2CuO3 is sensitive to the bulk condition due to the one-dimensional atomic channel for spin transport in Sr2CuO3. In a carefully prepared Sr2CuO3/Pt sample, we found that the spinon-induced SSE signal is tolerant to magnetic fields; it increases linearly with the field even up to 9 T. In contrast, SSEs are suppressed under such a high field in ferrimagnetic insulators Y3Fe5O12 or paramagnetic insulators Gd3Ga5O12, which is caused by the Zeeman gap in the spin-wave or paramagnetic spin excitations. The robustness of the spinon-induced SSE is consistent with the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theories.
Electron-impact electronic-state excitation of para-benzoquinone
Authors: Jones D. B. , da Costa R. F. , Kossoski F. , Varella M. T. do N. , Bettega M. H. F. , Ferreira da Silva F. , Limão-Vieira P. , García G. , Lima M. A. P. , White R. D. , Brunger M. J.
Published: March 2018

Angle resolved electron energy loss spectra (EELS) for para-benzoquinone (C6H4O2) have been recorded for incident electron energies of 20, 30, and 40 eV. Measured differential cross sections (DCSs) for electronic band features, composed of a combination of energetically unresolved electronic states, are subsequently derived from those EELS. Where possible, the obtained DCSs are compared with those calculated using the Schwinger multichannel method with pseudopotentials. These calculations were performed using a minimum orbital basis single configuration interaction framework at the static exchange plus polarisation level. Here, quite reasonable agreement between the experimental cross sections and the theoretical cross sections for the summation of unresolved states was observed.
Non-equilibrium stationary coherences in photosynthetic energy transfer under weak-field incoherent illumination
Authors: Tscherbul Timur V. , Brumer Paul
Published: March 2018

We present a theoretical study of the quantum dynamics of energy transfer in a model photosynthetic dimer excited by incoherent light and show that the interplay between incoherent pumping and phonon-induced relaxation, dephasing, and trapping leads to the emergence of non-equilibrium stationary states characterized by substantial stationary coherences in the energy basis. We obtain analytic expressions for these coherences in the limits of rapid dephasing of electronic excitations and of small excitonic coupling between the chromophores. The stationary coherences are maximized in the regime where the excitonic coupling is small compared to the trapping rate. We further show that the non-equilibrium coherences anti-correlate with the energy transfer efficiency in the regime of localized coupling to the reaction center and that no correlation exists under delocalized (Förster) trapping conditions.
An analysis of Southeastern US prescribed burn weather windows: seasonal variability and El Niño associations
Authors: Chiodi A. M. , Larkin N. S. , Varner J. Morgan
Published: March 2018

Fire plays an important role in wildland ecosystems, critical to sustaining biodiversity, wildlife habitat and ecosystem health. By area, 70% of US prescribed burns take place in the Southeast, where treatment objectives range widely and accomplishing them depends on finding specific weather conditions for the effective and controlled application of fire. The climatological variation of the preferred weather window is examined here using two weather model reanalyses, with focus on conditions critical to smoke dispersion and erratic fire behaviour. Large spatial gradients were evident in some months (e.g. 3× change across the Appalachian Mountains in winter). Over most of the Southeast, availability of preferred conditions in summer was several (up to 8) times less than in autumn or winter. We offer explanation for this variability in terms of the mean seasonal changes of key weather conditions (especially mixing height and transport wind). We also examine the interannual variability of the preferred weather window for linkage to the tropical Pacific (1979–2010). Associations with the subset of El Niño events identified by outgoing-longwave-radiation suggest skilful seasonal fire weather forecasts are feasible. Together, these findings offer a predictive tool to prioritise allocation of scarce prescribed fire resources and maximise annual area treated across this landscape.
Programmed cell death 5 suppresses AKT-mediated cytoprotection of endothelium
Authors: Lee Seung-Hyun , Seo Jaesung , Park Soo-Yeon , Jeong Mi-Hyeon , Choi Hyo-Kyoung , Lee Chan Joo , Kim Mi Jeong , Guk Garam , Lee SooYeon , Park Hyewon , Jeong Jae-Wook , Ha Chang Hoon , Park Sungha , Yoon Ho-Geun
Published: March 2018

Significance

Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) plays a pivotal role in cellular apoptosis. Pathological relevance of PDCD5 is mostly found in human cancers; however, the role of PDCD5 in noncancerous diseases is not fully elucidated. Here we show that mice with endothelial PDCD5 deficiency have elevated serum nitric oxide levels and an atheroprotective effect in blood vessels. In addition, PDCD5 disrupts the HDAC3–protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) interaction and inhibits AKT-eNOS signaling and nitric oxide production in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, serum PDCD5 reflects vascular endothelial status, which is significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk. Our results demonstrate a mechanism of endothelial homeostasis and provide a potential therapeutic target for improving endothelial function.
Explanatory Justice: The Case of Disjunctive Explanations
Authors: Cohen Michael
Published: March 2018

Recent years have witnessed an effort to explicate the concept of explanatory power in a Bayesian framework by constructing explanatory measures. It has been argued that those measures should not violate the principle of explanatory justice, which states that explanatory power cannot be extended “for free.” I argue, by formal means, that one recent measure claiming to be immune from explanatory injustice fails to be so. I end by concluding that the explanatory justice criticism can be dissolved, given a natural interpretation of the concept of negative explanatory power.
APMP.QM-K111—propane in nitrogen
Authors: Lin Tsai-Yin , Liu Hsin-Wang , Huang Chiung-Kun , Kang Namgoo , Bae Hyun Kil , Woo Jin Chun , Bi Zhe , Zhou Zeyi , Sinweeruthai Ratirat , Wongjuk Arnuttachai , Li Hou , Keat Teo Beng , Hui Liu , Wu Thomas , Ann Chua Hock , Smeulders Damian , McCallum John Briton , Satumba Raymond Tendai , Shimosaka Takuya , Matsumoto Nobuhiro , Kadir Haslina Abdul , Ahmad Mohamad Fauzi , Nasir Noor Hidaya Abdul , Nishino Tomoe , Akima Dai , Uehara Shinji
Published: March 2018

This document describes the result of a key comparison for propane in nitrogen. The nominal amount-of-substance fraction of propane is 1000 μmol/mol. The comparison aimed to assess the measurement capability of participants in gas analysis. Nine NMIs or DIs participated in the comparison.

CERI participated in a key comparison CCQM-K111—propane in nitrogen, and coordinated this key comparison. Therefore, every participants' results of this comparison are linking to the CCQM-K111.

Gravimetric values of the samples were used as key comparison reference values (KCRVs).

Measured values of eight participants were within ± 0.25 % of the KCRVs.

Many participants reported purity or impurity analysis of materials. These results are also able to assess the participants' capability of the analysis.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Robust predictive sliding mode control for input rate-constrained discrete-time system
Authors: Li Rong , Wu Qingxian
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates a class of uncertain linear discrete-time systems subject to input rate saturation. A predictive sliding mode control approach is proposed which guarantees the control inputs remain bounded in the input rate saturation. Furthermore, the disturbance observer is developed to compensate for the system uncertainty and disturbance. Finally, the simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed predictive sliding mode control scheme.
The Scope of Extraprofessional Caregiving Challenges Among Early Career Faculty: Findings From a University Medical Center
Authors: Hartmann Katherine E. , Sundermann Alexandra C. , Helton Rebecca , Bird Helen , Wood Ashley
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Academic scientists work in competitive environments, and many institutions invest in career development supports. These investments may be imperiled when extraprofessional demands challenge a faculty member’s reserve capacity. This research assessed prevalence of caregiving challenges and estimated incidence of stressful life events.

Method

In 2015–2016, the authors surveyed recipients of career development awards supporting ≥ 75% effort and individuals within the funding period of their first National Institutes of Health R01 or equivalent at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Domains included family structure, hospitalizations of family members, responsibility for coordination of caregiving, and an inventory of stressful life events.

Results

Seventy-two percent (152 of 210) of early career researchers responded. Over half endorsed experiencing one or more substantial caregiving challenges in the prior year. This included 35 (23%) having a child or adult in the household hospitalized in the prior year and 36 (24%) being responsible for health care needs for a child or adult in the household, or for coordinating elder care, assisted living, or hospice care. The majority experienced one or more caregiving challenges. Stressful life events increased relative risk of “thinking about leaving academics” by 70% (risk ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.4). Prevalence and incidence of caregiving demands did not differ by gender.

Conclusions

Leaders, administrators, mentors, and faculty should anticipate that most women and men early career researchers will experience substantial caregiving challenges and life events in any given year. Sufficient need exists to warrant investigation of institutional programs to address caregiving challenges.
Effect of Methylprednisolone on Pain Management in Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Guoming , Gong Min , Wang Youcui , Xiang Zhou
Published: March 2018

Background:

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has been reported to be a successful strategy for patients with advanced osteoarthritis; however, early postoperative pain has become an unresolved issue. Perioperative methylprednisolone (MP) administration in TJA is an important and controversial topic. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of MP for pain management after total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA).

Materials and Methods:

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing MP versus placebo for patients undergoing TKA/THA. Related indicators that reflected the efficacy and safety for pain management were evaluated by meta-analysis.

Results:

Six randomized controlled trials involving a total of 350 patients met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes showed that intravenous MP significantly reduced pain scores at 6 and 24 hours during activity after TKA and THA but local use of MP had no clear benefit in reducing pain scores compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in VAS at 24 hours at rest and 48 hours during activity after TKA and THA. In addition, MP was associated with a reduction of morphine consumption at 24 hours after TKA. Furthermore, patients receiving MP had an obvious inflammatory control and improving postoperative nausea and vomiting and the use of MP was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of complications. There was no significant difference in the range of knee motion and length of hospital stay in both groups.

Conclusions:

This study showed that intravenous MP significantly alleviated early postoperative pain and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after TKA and THA. For safety, intravenous MP as a promising strategy in rapid recovery to TJA.
Effects of Underrunning Water Bathing and Immersion Tub Bathing on Vital Signs of Newborn Infants
Authors: Ar Işıl , Gözen Duygu
Published: March 2018

Background:

Newborn infants are susceptible to hypothermia during bathing due to environmental conditions.

Purpose:

This study examined the effects of 2 common newborn bathing methods used in Turkey, underrunning water bathing (URWB) and immersion tub bathing (ITB), on infant heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, and body temperature.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled study, 44 newborns were allocated to the ITB group and 36 newborns to the URWB group. Body temperature, HR, and oxygen saturation values of the newborns were compared between groups every hour during 4 hours before the bath to evaluate infants' vital sign stability. All measurements were compared at 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after the bath too.

Results:

No statistically significant differences were found in vital signs performed prior to bathing as compared with after bathing; however, changes in oxygen saturation at 20 minutes after the bath were significantly higher in the ITB group (P < .05).

Conclusion:

Although both bathing methods decreased overall infant body temperature, ITB positively affected newborn oxygen saturation and HR to a greater degree compared with URWB.

Implications for Practice:

ITB facilitated maintenance of oxygen saturation and HR during the bath and should be preferred for newborn infants to feel more relaxed.

Implications for Research:

These findings indicate a need for additional studies with larger sample sizes to further evaluate the effect of different bathing methods on newborn comfort.
Effects of daily morphine treatment on impulsivity in rats responding under an adjusting stop-signal reaction time task
Authors: Maguire David R. , Mendiondo Christian , France Charles P.
Published: March 2018

Opioids can enhance delay discounting and premature responding under attentional tasks that might reflect increased impulsivity; although it is not clear whether repeated opioid administration alters behavioral inhibition. Effects of morphine and amphetamine were determined before, during, and after daily morphine administration in rats responding under a stop-signal reaction time task, measuring behavioral inhibition and motor impulsivity. Rats (n=5) completed a two-response sequence to earn food. Occasionally, a tone (stop signal) was presented signifying that food would only be presented if the second response was withheld. Responding after the stop signal measured inhibition, and responding before the start of the trial (premature) measured motor impulsivity. Before daily treatment, morphine (0.32–17.8 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) decreased premature responding but did not increase responding on stop trials, whereas amphetamine (0.1–3.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) increased premature responding. Daily morphine administration (3.2 mg/kg/day) enhanced its effects on premature responding but did not impact other effects. Daily morphine treatment diminished the effects of amphetamine on premature and timeout responding. Repeated morphine treatment increased motor impulsivity but did not enhance behavioral inhibition. These data add to studies elucidating the relationship between impulsivity and opioid treatment and suggest that opioids differentially impact impulsive behaviors.
Dietary strategies for weight loss in midlife women
Authors: Varady Krista A.
Published: March 2018

As women go through menopause, their risk of gaining weight increases. Clinicians will generally recommend dietary change as the first step toward losing weight, but which diets work best? This Practice Pearl reviews whether certain dietary therapies are more effective than others in facilitating weight loss in postmenopausal women.
Controlling false discoveries in Bayesian gene networks with lasso regression p-values
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Michoel Tom
Published: March 2018

Motivation

Bayesian networks can represent directed gene regulations and therefore are favored over co-expression networks. However, hardly any Bayesian network study concerns the false discovery control (FDC) of network edges, leading to low accuracies due to systematic biases from inconsistent false discovery levels in the same study.

Results

We design four empirical tests to examine the FDC of Bayesian networks from three p-value based lasso regression variable selections — two existing and one we originate. Our method, lassopv, computes p-values for the critical regularization strength at which a predictor starts to contribute to lasso regression. Using null and Geuvadis datasets, we find that lassopv obtains optimal FDC in Bayesian gene networks, whilst existing methods have defective p-values. The FDC concept and tests extend to most network inference scenarios and will guide the design and improvement of new and existing methods. Our novel variable selection method with lasso regression also allows FDC on other datasets and questions, even beyond network inference and computational biology.

Availability

Lassopv is implemented in R and freely available at https://github.com/lingfeiwang/lassopv and https://cran.r-project.org/package=lassopv.

Contact

Lingfei.Wang@roslin.ed.ac.uk

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.