bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Imaging of Molecules with Electron Diffraction
Authors: Centurion Martin , Wolf Thomas J.A. , Yang Jie
Published: November 2021

Photoexcited molecules convert light into chemical and mechanical energy through changes in electronic and nuclear structure that take place on femtosecond timescales. Gas phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) is an ideal tool to probe the nuclear geometry evolution of the molecules and complements spectroscopic methods that are mostly sensitive to the electronic state. GUED is a weak and passive probing tool that does not alter the molecular properties during the probing process and is sensitive to the spatial distribution of charge in the molecule, including both electrons and nuclei. Improvements in temporal resolution have enabled GUED to capture coherent nuclear motions in molecules in the excited and ground electronic states with femtosecond and subangstrom resolution. Here we present the basic theory of GUED and explain what information is encoded in the diffraction signal, review how GUED has been used to observe coherent structural dynamics in recent experiments, and discuss the advantages and limitations of the method.
Active Fault‐Tolerant Control Based on the Fault of Electromagnetic Hybrid Active Suspension
Authors: Kou Farong , Wu Jianghao , Gao Jian , Wu Dapeng , Chen Ruochen
Published: November 2021

In order to improve the ride comfort and handling stability of the vehicle and realize the recovery of vibration energy, an electromagnetic linear hybrid suspension actuator composed of linear motor and solenoid valve shock absorber is proposed. At the same time, a fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control strategy is designed to solve the system instability caused by the fault of electromagnetic hybrid active suspension. The 1/4 vehicle two‐degree‐of freedom suspension model, the linear motor mathematical model, and the solenoid valve shock absorber test model are established. In this paper, the fuzzy sliding mode controller is used as the controller and the unknown input observer is used to estimate the state of the suspension. According to the residual obtained from the unknown input observer and compared with the residual threshold, the suspension fault is determined. In the case of fault, the fuzzy sliding mode controller is used to compensate the force and realize the suspension fault‐tolerant control. The performance of the suspension is simulated on random road and bumped road, respectively. The simulation results show that the fault‐tolerant control effect of the three performance indexes of the suspension is good, and the ride comfort and safety of the suspension are improved. Finally, the bench test is carried out, and the test results show that in the fault‐tolerant control state, the root mean square value of the sprung mass acceleration is reduced by 31.69% compared with the fault state and the dynamic performance of the suspension is improved.
Investigation of the Polycrystalline Silicon PV Cell Efficiency in 3D Approximation versus Electromagnetic Field under Monochromatic Illumination
Authors: Ouedraogo Adama , Soro Boubacar , Konate Ramatou , Oumarou Fati Amadou , Bathiebo Dieudonné Joseph
Published: November 2021

This manuscript is about the electric output of the silicon (Si) photovoltaic (PV) cell versus the electromagnetic field of a radio wave and a monochromatic illumination in three-dimensional (3D) assumptions. The polarisation direction of the electromagnetic wave and power density are fixed. The electromagnetic wave is provided by electromagnetic emission sources such as the telecommunication, radio, or TV antennas. A PV system is installed in the vicinity of an electromagnetic emission source. The current produced by the PV cell is sensitive to electromagnetic field increase more than the electric voltage. The electromagnetic field causes the decomposition of the current into two components which are a transferred current and a leakage current. The transferred component provides the transmitted current to the external load while the leakage component gives the loss of the carrier charge into the junction. Consequently, this decomposition of the current shares the electric power in transferred electric power and leakage electric power. The transferred electric power is obtained only in the intermediate circuit, and the maximum power point (MPP) shifts to the short circuit situation as the junction dynamic velocity becomes the greatest. However, the leakage electric power corresponds to a loss of the minority carrier’s charge in the junction during the crossing of the junction. This loss causes a Joule heating effect of the junction. The heating of the junction causes the quality degradation of the PV cell mainly due to the electric component. The solar illumination wavelength is presenting the inversion phenomenon with the maximum of the electrical outputs of the silicon PV cell of around 0.70 μm which provides the greatest conversion efficiency. This value has been chosen for the modelling of the radio wave influence. Hence, the conversion efficiency increases when the PV system is far away from the electromagnetic emission source. PV system installation in the vicinity of an electromagnetic emission source is not advised.
Modeling and Analysis of the Spread of Malware with the Influence of User Awareness
Authors: Zhu Qingyi , Luo Xuhang , Liu Yuhang
Published: November 2021

By incorporating the security awareness of computer users into the susceptible‐infected‐susceptible (SIS) model, this study proposes a new malware propagation model, named the SID model, where D compartment denotes the group of nodes with user awareness. Through qualitative analysis, the basic reproductive number R0 is given. Furthermore, it is proved that the virus‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0 is less than one, whereas the viral equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0 is greater than one. Then, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the analytical results. Finally, we put forward some efficient control measures according to the theoretical and experimental analysis.
In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Properties and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ilex paraguariensis (Maté) and the Ability of Its Major Chemical Markers to Inhibit the Production of Proinflammatory Mediators
Authors: Farias Ingrid Vicente , Fratoni Eduarda , Theindl Lais Cristina , de Campos Angela Machado , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Reginatto Flavio Henrique
Published: November 2021

Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae), popularly known as “yerba mate,” has great economic and social significance for the population of Southern Latin America. This study was conducted (1) to investigate the phytochemical composition of four different standardized extracts, (2) to investigate its free radical scavenging properties, and (3) to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of I. paraguariensis and its major chemical markers. The chemical profile was achieved by Folin-Ciocalteu, by LC/DAD, and by LC/MS assays, while the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated, respectively, by DPPH assay and by inhibition of nitric oxide (Griess reaction) and TNF-α (ELISA). Our results demonstrated that the IA (aqueous infusion extract) showed higher amounts of total phenolic contents (

266.62
±
10.85
 
mg

CAE·g-1 DE), the highest amounts of all six chemical markers (theobromine, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeine, and rutin), and stronger antioxidant activity (

E

C

50

=
54.4
±
5.14
 
μ
g
·
m

L

−
1

). The IA extract also showed the lowest inhibition of NOx secretion (

50.10
±
8.97
%

) as well as inhibition of TNF-α (

83.33
±
4.01
%

). Regarding the chemical markers, all compounds showed strong inhibition of NOx secretion, especially theobromine, which was 200x more potent than dexamethasone. Furthermore, TNF-α secretion was also significantly decreased by THEO at 0.033 μM (

22.15
±
6.49
%

), NCA at 1.97 μM (

27.46
±
3.98
%

), CCA at 0.35 μM (

39.76
±
5.73
%

), CGA at 0.56 μM (

23.58
±
5.79
%

), CAF at 0.52 μM (

26.45
±
5.34
%

), and RUT at 0.16 μM (

40.18
±
3.70
%

). Our results suggest that I. paraguariensis and its major chemical markers have strong free radical scavenging properties as well as showed important anti-inflammatory activity and that these compounds in a plant extract may work based on several different mechanisms synergistically, resulting in moderating the immune system.
Study on the Optimization of Hub-and-Spoke Logistics Network regarding Traffic Congestion
Authors: Xu Wei , Huang JinCan , Qiu YanZhao
Published: November 2021

The design of the hub-and-spoke network has wide applications in the freight transportation system. This design involves the location of a group of hubs as well as the allocation between nonhub nodes and the hubs after the location. On the basis of the traditional single distribution hub-and-spoke network, the congestion flow waiting model (CFWM) and the congestion flow redistribution model (CFRM) are proposed in this paper after considering traffic waiting and traffic diversion, respectively, in the case of hub congestion. The presented models focus on the design of single distribution hub-and-spoke logistics network under traffic congestion. The objective function minimizes the total cost of the road network on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the logistics network, which effectively balances the contradiction between the economic benefits of traffic scale and the congestion cost. Given the complexity of the problem, the congestion cost function is linearized, and the mutational particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is employed for the solution. Additionally, certain calculation experiments and sensitivity analysis of the congestion optimization model are conducted to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the constructed hub-and-spoke network and the congestion solutions. The results indicate that the optimized logistics network may effectively alleviate congestion, balance the network freight flow, and improve the stability of the hub-and-spoke network.
Prevalence of Chronic Metabolic Comorbidities in Acute Pancreatitis and Its Impact on Early Gastrointestinal Symptoms during Hospitalization: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Goodger Rachel , Singaram Kanageswari , Petrov Maxim S.
Published: November 2021

Background: The prevalence of chronic comorbidities is increasing worldwide, and this has been paralleled by a growing interest in how these comorbidities affect patients with acute pancreatitis. The aim was to investigate the associations between pre-existing diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and gastrointestinal symptoms during the early course of acute pancreatitis. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with a primary diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Study groups were formed based on the presence of metabolic comorbidities (pre-existing diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome). Patient-reported outcomes (nausea, bloating, and abdominal pain) were collected prospectively every 24 h (including weekends and public holidays) over the first 72 h of hospitalization. Results: A total of 183 consecutive patients were enrolled. Of them, 111 (61%) had at least one major metabolic comorbidity. Patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and those with metabolic syndrome had worse nausea at 49–72 h of hospitalization (p = 0.017 and p = 0.012, respectively), but not at other time points. Bloating and abdominal pain did not differ between the study groupings throughout the study period. The studied patient-reported outcomes did not differ significantly between acute pancreatitis patients with and without obesity at any point in time. Conclusion: More than 3 out of 5 patients hospitalized for acute pancreatitis have at least one major chronic metabolic comorbidity. The presence of metabolic comorbidities does not considerably and consistently affect early gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with acute pancreatitis.
Оцінка оклюзійних співвідношень та жувальної функції у пацієнтів із переломами верхньої щелепи методом компʼютерної оклюзіографії
Authors: Шуминський Є. В. , Копчак А. В. , Гурьянов В. Г. , Лисейко Н. В. , Дорошенко О. М.
Published: November 2021

Уламкові переломи верхньої щелепи на ділянці вертикальних контрфорсів ускладнюють процес репозиції та фіксації, створюють передумови для розвитку глибоких функціональних розладів у ранньому і віддаленому посттравматичному періодах. Відновлення їх за допомогою накісних титанових пластин є основ­ним завданням лікування даної категорії пацієнтів.

Мета дослідження – дослідити характер оклюзійних співвідношень та визначити їх зміни у пацієнтів із травматичними переломами верхньої щелепи залежно від застосованого способу реконструкції вертикальних контрфорсів із використанням методу компʼютерної оклюзіографії.

Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 18 пацієнтів із множинними переломами кісток середньої зони обличчя (15 чоловіків та 3 жінок). Середній вік (43,8±10,8) року. Оклюзіографії проводили у групах із лінійними переломами (Gr1, n=6), з кістковими дефектами у ділянці вертикальних контрфорсів (Gr2, n=5) та з відновленими контрфорсами за допомогою кісткових аутотрансплантатів (Gr3, n=7). Аналіз проведений за допомогою апарату та програмного забезпечення «T-Scan» компанії «Tekscan» (Tekscan, Inc., S. Boston, MA, США). Досліджені час оклюзії, дезоклюзії, індекс асиметрії оклюзії.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Медіанні значення часу оклюзії, дезоклюзії, індексу асиметрії Gr1- (0,17 (0,12÷0,25), 0,18 (0,15÷0,19), 12,2 % (8 %÷29,1 %)); Gr2 – (0,29 (0,18÷0,37), 0,13 (0,12÷0,20), 28,4 % (16,8÷36,8) %); Gr3 – (0,22 (0,21÷0,38), 0,11 (0,08÷0,22), 23,2 % (15,4÷29,7) %) відповідно. Визначалась тенденція до зростання часу оклюзії на 24 %, часу дезоклюзії – на 16 % та ступеня асиметрії – на 17 %  у пацієнтів із переломами нижньої щелепи, що супроводжувались відшаруванням або пересіченням жувальних мʼязів та у пацієнтів, яким проводили біфронтальний доступ, що супроводжувалось оголенням скроневих мʼязів для лікування переломів кісток середньої зони обличчя.

Висновки. Чинниками, що сприяють поглибленню функціональних змін, є переломи верхньої щелепи із дефектом (зростання індексу асиметрії в середньому на 13,6 % та часу оклюзіїї – на 0,1 с), а також операційна травма жувальних мʼязів при проведенні хірургічних доступів. Заміщення дефектів вертикальних контрфорсів кістковими аутотрансплантатами покращує відновлення жувальної функції, порівняно із пацієнтами, де для фіксації уламків на ділянці дефектів використовували накісні міні-пластини як самостійне хірургічне рішення (середній час оклюзії у цієї категорії хворих був меншим на 25 %, а індекс асиметрії – на 19 %).
Caddisflies from Myanmar: New records and descriptions of new species (Insecta, Trichoptera)
Authors: MEY WOLFRAM , MALICKY HANS
Published: November 2021

Adult Trichoptera material collected from different localities in Myanmar resulted in the detection of eleven new species which are described as Rhyacophila inwabumensis spec. nov., Hydropsyche kachinenis spec. nov., Limnocentropus rossicorum spec. nov., Lepidostoma pennicularium spec. nov., Lepidostoma indivisum spec. nov., Apatania naumanni spec. nov., Neophylax obliquostriatus spec. nov., Nothopsyche anawrahta spec. nov., Aplatyphylax bamaricus spec. nov., Aplatyphylax myanmaricus spec. nov., and Oecetis kachinomekana spec. nov. Neophylax nigripunctatus Tian & Li 1993 (in Tian et al. 1993), syn. nov. is excluded from Neophylax McLachlan 1871 and synonymized with Phylostenax himalus Mosely 1935. Plectrocnemia bifurcata Tian 1993 (in Tian et al. 1993) is synonymized with P. kainam Malicky 1993, syn. nov. Ninety-eight species are recorded from various places in Myanmar including some inadequately known taxa for which new illustrations of the male genitalia are provided.
Antitrust in a Political Environment
Authors: Comanor William S.
Published: November 2021

The practice of antitrust is not independent of the political environment in which it operates. This article examines the role of political forces in determining actual antitrust outcomes. Its focus is on the sources of support for this policy and the ways in which this support influences what in fact gets done. The FTC suit against Exxon and the other major petroleum companies is an example of the intervention of political forces in the antitrust process and this case is examined in some detail. Finally, this article draws some conclusions as to what can realistically be expected from antitrust policy.
Class identity in times of social mobilization and labor union revitalization: Evidence from the case of Chile (2009–2019)
Authors: Pérez Ahumada Pablo , Andrade Valentina
Published: November 2021

Over the past decade, there has been a revival of social protest and labor union activity in Chile. In this article, we examine the effects of this phenomenon to analyze its influence on working-class identity. Using International Social Survey Programme surveys from 2009 and 2019, we investigate whether class location and union membership affect people’s subjective identification with the working class and how that effect may have changed over the decade. Our findings suggest that subjects who are situated in a ‘subordinated’ class position (unskilled workers or informal self-employed workers) are more likely to identify with the working class compared to subjects located in a privileged class position (employers, experts, or managers). However, surprisingly, our analysis does not indicate that working-class identity is reinforced by union membership. In addition, our results do not demonstrate that the effect of class or union membership has strengthened over the past decade. At the end of this article, we offer some possible explanations for these findings.
Investigation of self-heating and damage progression in woven carbon fibre composite materials, following the fibres direction, under static and cyclic loading
Authors: Muller Laura , Roche Jean-Michel , Hurmane Antoine , Leroy François-Henri , Peyrac Catherine , Gornet Laurent
Published: November 2021

Infrared thermography is commonly used as a non-destructive testing technique for damage monitoring of composite materials under mechanical loadings. Self-heating tests consist in monitoring the stabilized heating of a material submitted to cyclic loading for increasing values of stress level. It appears that the load threshold from which the thermal behaviour changes can be related to the fatigue limit of the tested material. In this paper, this stress threshold is compared to the heating of a woven thermoplastic composite material submitted to a monotonic tensile test. Indeed, during a quasi-static tensile test, the material temperature cools down, due to thermoelastic effect, before warming up again, due to both viscous effects and first damage evolutions. The comparison, which is made for the warp direction only, is also based on microscopic optical scanning of the specimen edge and passive acoustic monitoring. It is shown that thermal changes detected in the composite samples are associated with damage occurring under both static and cyclic loading, for similar stress levels. This result indicates that the static tests make it possible to estimate a damage threshold, therefore a potential fatigue limit, even faster than with self-heating tests, which opens very promising prospects as for the determination of the fatigue limit of woven composite materials reinforced by carbon fibre yarns.
Eviction and Voter Turnout: The Political Consequences of Housing Instability
Authors: Slee Gillian , Desmond Matthew
Published: November 2021

In recent years, housing costs have outpaced incomes in the United States, resulting in millions of eviction filings each year. Yet no study has examined the link between eviction and voting. Drawing on a novel data set that combines tens of millions of eviction and voting records, this article finds that residential eviction rates negatively impacted voter turnout during the 2016 presidential election. Results from a generalized additive model show eviction’s effect on voter turnout to be strongest in neighborhoods with relatively low rates of displacement. To address endogeneity bias and estimate the causal effect of eviction on voting, the analysis treats commercial evictions as an instrument for residential evictions, finding that increases in neighborhood eviction rates led to substantial declines in voter turnout. This study demonstrates that the impact of eviction reverberates far beyond housing loss, affecting democratic participation.
Research on innovative plug-in hybrid electric vehicle comprehensive energy consumption evaluation method based on statistic energy consumption
Authors: Chen Xinbo , Zhong Jian , Sha Feng , Zhong Zaimin
Published: November 2021

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle not only has the advantages of low emissions from electric vehicles, but also takes advantage of the high specific energy and high specific power of petroleum fuels, which can significantly improve the emissions and fuel economy of traditional vehicles. Studying its comprehensive energy consumption evaluation method is an important part of analyzing the economics of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This paper first puts forward the concept of statistical energy consumption and then proposes an innovative calculation method of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle energy consumption based on statistical energy consumption by referring to and analyzing the energy consumption test regulations of the United States, the European Union, and China. Given the two use case assumptions of charge depleting mode priority and charge sustaining mode only, considering the fuel consumption and the energy consumption that converts electrical energy consumption to fuel consumption, the probability density function of travel mileage distribution and energy consumption is derived. Finally, the interpretation and analysis of statistical energy consumption evaluation results are carried out.
A case report of rare fungal pathogens causing recurrent allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and literature review
Authors: Alroqi Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis has been well characterized clinically. We report about a patient diagnosed with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Nasal cultures revealed a rare fungal pathogen, Aspergillus nidulans. At the time of initial presentation and later recurrence, another rare fungus was found. Trichoderma are unique and have been described in detail. This report describes unique pathogens causing allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. The relevant literature demonstrates the potential morbidity and mortality due to infections from such organisms, indicating the need for physicians to manage and treat this condition carefully to prevent potential complications.
Vaccinating adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 in England: a risk–benefit analysis
Authors: Gurdasani Deepti , Bhatt Samir , Costello Anthony , Denaxas Spiros , Flaxman Seth , Greenhalgh Trisha , Griffin Stephen , Hyde Zoë , Katzourakis Aris , McKee Martin , Michie Susan , Ratmann Oliver , Reicher Stephen , Scally Gabriel , Tomlinson Christopher , Yates Christian , Ziauddeen Hisham , Pagel Christina
Published: November 2021

Objective

To offer a quantitative risk–benefit analysis of two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among adolescents in England.

Setting

England.

Design

Following the risk–benefit analysis methodology carried out by the US Centers for Disease Control, we calculated historical rates of hospital admission, Intensive Care Unit admission and death for ascertained SARS-CoV-2 cases in children aged 12–17 in England. We then used these rates alongside a range of estimates for incidence of long COVID, vaccine efficacy and vaccine-induced myocarditis, to estimate hospital and Intensive Care Unit admissions, deaths and cases of long COVID over a period of 16 weeks under assumptions of high and low case incidence.

Participants

All 12–17 year olds with a record of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in England between 1 July 2020 and 31 March 2021 using national linked electronic health records, accessed through the British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre.

Main outcome measures

Hospitalisations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, deaths and cases of long COVID averted by vaccinating all 12–17 year olds in England over a 16-week period under different estimates of future case incidence.

Results

At high future case incidence of 1000/100,000 population/week over 16 weeks, vaccination could avert 4430 hospital admissions and 36 deaths over 16 weeks. At the low incidence of 50/100,000/week, vaccination could avert 70 hospital admissions and two deaths over 16 weeks. The benefit of vaccination in terms of hospitalisations in adolescents outweighs risks unless case rates are sustainably very low (below 30/100,000 teenagers/week). Benefit of vaccination exists at any case rate for the outcomes of death and long COVID, since neither have been associated with vaccination to date.

Conclusions

Given the current (as at 15 September 2021) high case rates (680/100,000 population/week in 10–19 year olds) in England, our findings support vaccination of adolescents against SARS-CoV2.
Purpose as a predictor of satisfaction across relationship domains during the first semester of university
Authors: Pfund Gabrielle N. , Bono Timothy J. , Hill Patrick L.
Published: November 2021

Background: Sense of purpose, or the extent to which one perceives their lives to have meaningful goals and directions, may aid in initiating satisfying and stable new connections while positively maintaining old ones for college students.

Purpose: The current study sought to evaluate how a college students' sense of purpose during their first week of college may predict their satisfaction with different relationship types throughout their first semester of university.

Research Design: At the beginning of the semester, students reported their sense of purpose, and every week of the semester they reported their weekly relationship satisfaction across a variety of domains (i.e., parents, home friends, university friends, roommates, resident assistants, and significant others).

Study Sample: The current study followed-up first year college students ( n = 364) from a private Midwestern university who all participated in the same Psychology of Young Adulthood class.

Data Analysis: Multilevel models were conducted to evaluate mean-level relationship satisfaction trajectories throughout the first semester and whether sense of purpose predicted those trajectories when accounting for gender and the Big Five personality traits.

Results: Friendships with home friends and university friends as well as parental relationships increased in satisfaction during the first semester, while relationships with roommates and resident assistants decreased. Furthermore, a higher sense of purpose was associated with greater relationship satisfaction with university friends and parents, even when accounting for the Big Five personality traits, as well as greater relationship satisfaction stability.

Conclusions:  Findings paint a nuanced and equivocal nature of relationships during the first semester, and point to the need to better understand how and when sense of purpose does or does not yield positive relationships over time.
Could a new Scottish CO2 transport and storage industry deliver employment multiplier and other wider economy benefits to the UK economy?
Authors: Turner Karen , Race Julia , Alabi Oluwafisayo , Calvillo Christian , Katris Antonios , Stewart Jamie , Swales Kim
Published: November 2021

In 2021, the UK Government commenced a ‘cluster sequencing’ initiative to identify early movers in delivering carbon transport and storage (T&S) services to proximate regional industry clusters with capture potential. A Scottish proposition focussed primarily on linking the Grangemouth industry cluster to North Sea storage, and the potential to transition Oil and Gas industry capacity to deliver CO2 T&S has devolved policy support. This is in terms of potential to transition and create new direct industry and supply chain jobs, set against risks of displacing jobs in different sectors and regions of the UK. We introduce a Scottish CO2 T&S industry to a UK multi-sector economy-wide model, assessing the extent of potential expansion and job creation in the presence of supply-side and funding constraints. We find that large employment ‘multiplier’ gains registered in previous studies only apply over the very long term and in the absence of such constraints. Crucially, any need to recover demands on the public purse via socialisation of costs severely constrains possible gains, while imposing ‘polluter pays’ leads to net economy-wide contractions triggered by competitiveness losses concentrated in Scottish cluster industries, leading to offshoring of production and jobs, potentially skewed within the localities hosting the clusters.
Decision-Making and Management of Immature Permanent Teeth with Crown Fractures in Small Animals—A Review
Authors: Zacher Amalia , Manfra Marretta Sandra
Published: November 2021

Immature permanent teeth with crown fractures present a unique challenge in human and animal patients. Immature permanent teeth have not yet developed completely, often presenting with thin dentin walls, incomplete apical formation, and increased crown-to-root ratios. Loss of pulp function at this stage has devastating long-term implications for these teeth. Ideally, attempts should be made to preserve pulp vitality in immature permanent teeth to allow for continued dental development. The range of treatment options for vital teeth includes odontoplasty with bonding and sealing +/− restoration, indirect pulp capping, and direct pulp capping/vital pulp therapy. These treatments have long been established in human and veterinary medicine, and cases have been reported in dogs and cats. Apexification using calcium hydroxide is a well-established treatment for nonvital immature teeth. The advent of mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioceramic materials for use in vital pulp therapy and apexification has reduced treatment sessions and improved outcomes. Recent developments in the field of regenerative endodontic therapy further expand treatment options and provide the possibility for continued development of a formerly nonvital tooth. Selecting the appropriate treatment based on the severity of tooth fracture and status of pulp vitality can avoid a lifetime of poor structure and function for the affected tooth. This article provides multiple step-by-step protocols for the management of immature permanent teeth with crown fractures in small animals.
Direct fluorescence antibody testing augments syphilis diagnosis, compared to serology alone
Authors: Orser Lauren , O’Byrne Patrick
Published: November 2021

In Ottawa, Canada, we initiated protocols to include non-serologic syphilis testing, as direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) for patients with syphilis symptoms. The purpose was to assess the ability of DFA to detect syphilis during acute infection and to determine if non-serologic testing could yield an increased number of syphilis diagnoses. We reviewed charts of patients of our local sexual health clinic for whom syphilis was suspected. A total of 69 clinical encounters were recorded for 67 unique patients, most of whom were male. The most common symptom was a painless genital lesion. Of the 67 patients, 29 were found to have a new syphilis diagnosis, among whom, 52% had positive syphilis serology and positive DFA, 34% had a positive syphilis serology and negative DFA, and 14% had negative syphilis serology and positive DFA. While DFA testing did not yield an abundance of new cases, it was useful to support findings from syphilis serology or confirm diagnosis where serology was negative. Where available, alternate non-serologic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, should be considered above DFA due to its higher sensitivity for detecting syphilis in primary lesions; however, in clinical situations, when new syphilis infection is suspected, empiric treatment should not be delayed.
Transgender People's Perceptions of Medical Treatment: Implications for Providers and Loved Ones
Authors: Guimaoutdinov Nikolai , Tram Jane M.
Published: November 2021

In this study, we examine qualitative data from 73 transgender adults. We present the information our participants shared about their experiences navigating health care systems (i.e., medical health, mental health, other providers). Four themes emerged. First, participants indicated that they wanted health care providers to be more aware of transgender-specific terminology, identities, and experiences. Second, participants were concerned that health care providers blame their medical transition for unrelated health concerns. Third, participants said they did not want health care providers to probe transgender patients about their transitions. Fourth, they reported that they wanted health care providers to treat transgender patients as individuals rather than a monolith. Our research has implications for mental health providers because they benefit from understanding the health care barriers experienced by their transgender patients, in mental health and other health realms. This will allow mental health providers to better support their patients as well as bolster support from loved ones.
Postpartum Fatigue and Inhibited Lactation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Xue Qin , Bai Ting , Wu Fan , Yan Shuhan
Published: November 2021

Background: Postpartum fatigue is a common disorder worldwide and affects both physical and mental functioning. In breastfeeding women, Prolactin (PRL) is not only involved in immunoregulation, but also responsible for lactation. Prolactin levels in women with chronic fatigue are higher than normal, but a chronic fatigue state inhibits postpartum lactation in humans. Objectives: This paper explored the inhibition mechanism of lactation by postpartum fatigue in rats. Methods: Postpartum fatigue models were built by forcing mother rats to stand in water and divided into 3-hour, 9-hour and 15-hour per day fatigue groups according to the underwater time. Mother rats and their offspring were reunited in a dry cage for 90 minutes every 3 hours for feeding. The expression of PRL, PRL receptor (PRLR), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK 2), and Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) mRNA were analyzed and the microstructure of mammary gland were observed under light and electron microscopy. Results: The expression of pituitary PRL mRNA and its downstream signaling pathway JAK2 and STAT5 mRNA were down-regulated in the severe postpartum fatigue rats. PRL mRNA responses were dose-related to duration of fatigue. The expression of PRLR mRNA increased. Postpartum fatigue led to functional degeneration of mammary gland. The breast lobules were shrunk and the number of alveoli were decreased. Few milk protein granules and fat droplets were observed in the cytoplasm under transmission electron microscope. Conclusion: Postpartum fatigue inhibits the lactation by down-regulating the expression of PRL and PRL-dependent signaling pathway in rats.
Effectiveness of current perioperative telemonitoring on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A systematic review of controlled trials
Authors: Haveman Marjolein E , Jonker Leonie T , Hermens Hermie J , Tabak Monique , de Vries Jean-Paul PM
Published: November 2021

Background

Perioperative telemonitoring of patients undergoing major surgery might lead to improved postoperative outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of current perioperative telemonitoring interventions on postoperative clinical, patient-reported, and financial outcome measures in patients undergoing major surgery.

Methods

For this systematic review, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched for eligible articles published between January 1, 2009 and March 15, 2021. Studies were eligible as they described: (P) patients aged 18 years or older who underwent major abdominal surgery, (I) perioperative telemonitoring as intervention, (C) a control group receiving usual care, (O) any type of postoperative clinical, patient-reported, or financial outcome measures, and (S) an interventional study design.

Results

The search identified 2958 articles of which 10 were eligible for analysis, describing nine controlled trials of 2438 patients. Perioperative telemonitoring comprised wearable biosensors ( n = 3), websites ( n = 3), e-mail ( n = 1), and mobile applications ( n = 2). Outcome measures were clinical ( n = 8), patient-reported ( n = 5), and financial ( n = 2). Results show significant improvement of recovery time, stoma self-efficacy and pain in the early postoperative phase in patients receiving telemonitoring. Other outcome measures were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

Evidence for the effectiveness of perioperative telemonitoring in major surgery is scarce. There is a need for good quality studies with sufficient patients while ensuring that the quality and usability of the technology and the adoption in care processes are optimal.
More-than-human geographies: an encounter with Serres’ universality
Authors: Johnson Peter
Published: November 2021

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that some pertinent questions posed by diverse forms of more-than-human geographies can be explored innovatively and imaginatively by an encounter with Michel Serres’ philosophy. I explore some central ideas that run through more-than-human geographies, with a particular emphasis on those generated by feminist new materialists and decolonial thought. A snapshot of three potentially productive encounters with Serres’ investigations is explored: the audacious alignment of modern physics with Lucretian atomism; a non-representational philosophy of sensations that teases out the intimate relations between the body and thought; and diverse lessons from recent discoveries in science of the commonality of all living and inert matter. I argue that all three contribute to a philosophy that increasingly turns towards the formation of a decentred universal humanism. To clarify Serres’ distinctiveness, I contrast the latter with those who advocate a decolonial pluriversality. Overall, I indicate ways in which Serres’ thought confirms and challenges more-than-human approaches to geography and discloses inventive trajectories of thought.
From health education to digital health literacy – building on the past to shape the future
Authors: Nutbeam Don
Published: November 2021

Health education has continuously evolved and taken several distinctive forms over the decades. The emergence of new concepts such as health promotion and health literacy have helped to shape and refine our understanding of how the purpose, content and methods of health education can adapt with to new public health methods and priorities. Viewing health education through the lens of health literacy has been particularly helpful in differentiating between traditional task-focused health education, and skills-focused health education designed to develop more generic, transferable skills. The advent of digital media has enabled unprecedented access to health information but brought with it new challenges. Managing the volume of available information, and assessing its quality and reliability have become essential digital health literacy skills in the information age. As health educators we need to continue to adapt our practices to these new opportunities and understand the challenges that come with them.
No Polarization From Partisan News: Over-Time Evidence From Trace Data
Authors: Wojcieszak Magdalena , de Leeuw Sjifra , Menchen-Trevino Ericka , Lee Seungsu , Huang-Isherwood Ke M. , Weeks Brian
Published: November 2021

Many blame partisan news media for polarization in America. This paper examines the effects of liberal, conservative, and centrist news on affective and attitude polarization. To this end, we rely on two studies that combine two-wave panel surveys (N1 = 303, N2 = 904) with twelve months worth of web browsing data submitted by the same participants comprising roughly thirty-eight million visits. We identify news exposure using an extensive list of news domains and develop a machine learning classifier to identify exposure to political news within these domains. The results offer a robust pattern of null findings. Exposure to partisan and centrist news websites—no matter if it is congenial or crosscutting—does not enhance polarization. These null effects also emerge among strong and weak partisans as well as Democrats and Republicans alike. We argue that these null results accurately portray the reality of limited effects of news in the “real world.” Politics and partisan news account for a small fraction of citizens’ online activities, less than 2 percent in our trace data, and are nearly unnoticeable in the overall information and communication ecology of most individuals.
All things considered: The views of adolescents in vocational education on competing democratic values
Authors: Vaessen Annabel , Daas Remmert , Nieuwelink Hessel
Published: November 2021

The views young people have towards democratic values shape their views in later life. However, the values that are fundamental to democracy, such as majority rule and minority rights, are often competing. This study aims to provide insight into the ways adolescents view democratic issues in which democratic values are competing. To do so, three democratic issues with varying conditions were designed, and discussed during interviews with students in vocational education. The results show that most adolescents consider both democratic values that underlie an issue. Furthermore, as the conditions in which the issues take place were altered during the interviews, adolescents explicitly evaluated different perspectives and starting shifting between both values. The findings of this study show that adolescents’ views on democratic issues are layered, and include considering multiple democratic values and taking account of the conditions in which these are situated.
Student Online Activity in Blended Learning: A Learning Analytics Perspective of Professional Teacher Education Studies in Finland
Authors: Salonen Arto O. , Tapani Annukka , Suhonen Sami
Published: November 2021

Distance learning is rapidly gaining ground globally. In this case study, we focused on professional (vocational) teacher education (PTE) student online activity in a blended learning context. We applied learning analytics (LA) to identify students’ ( n = 19) online study patterns. Our key interest was in determining when and what kinds of online activity and behavior PTE students engage in during their studies. We applied quantitative content analysis to analyze the students’ behavior. Moodle’s event log enabled us to identify active hours and days, variation in use of learning materials, the impact of interventions, and stumbling blocks to student learning in the study unit. Based on our data, educator availability is an essential factor for good student engagement in digital learning environments. Interaction forums are important for PTE students effective learning. Monday and Tuesday afternoons are the most effective times for educators to be available for PTE students. There is a clear need for contact learning in professional teacher education, even when operating in digital learning environments. It plays an essential role in keeping students’ activity alive. It could be beneficial to plan a post-process for students who do not graduate as planned, including regular group meetings for supporting studies, receiving guidance, and meeting peers. PTE students’ behavior in a distance learning environment in the context of blended learning follows Zipf’s law, which models the occurrence of distinct objects in particular sorts of collections.
Rethinking Fake News: Disinformation and Ideology during the time of COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Authors: Das Ronnie , Ahmed Wasim
Published: November 2021

Digital media and citizen journalism has escalated the infiltration of fake news attempting to create a post truth society (Lazer et al., 2018). The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a surge of misinformation leading to anti-mask, anti-vaccine and anti-5G protests on a global scale. Although the term ‘misinformation’ has been generalized in media and scholarly work, there is a fundamental difference between how misinformation impacts society, compared to more strategically planned disinformation attacks. In this study we explore the ideological constructs of citizens towards acceptance or rejection of disinformation during the heightened time of a COVID-19 global health crisis. Our analysis follows two specific disinformation propagandas evaluated through social network analysis of Twitter data in addition to qualitative insights generated from tweets and in-depth interviews.
Determining Interrelationship Between Factors Impacting Foreign Direct Investment in Tourism: An ISM-based Approach
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Gupta Shivangi , Shekhar
Published: November 2021

The burgeoning spectrum of tourist demand and changing tastes and preferences calls for developing the nation’s tourism profile. India, one of the fastest-growing economies and a potential attractor of tourists, is estimated to be the world’s third-largest tourism economy by 2028 (as per World Tourism and Travel Council [WTTC] estimates) and is expected to draw massive investment in this sector. Thus, the present study aims to analyse various factors impacting foreign flows in the tourism sector and develops a hierarchical structure among the identified factors through the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. A MICMAC (Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification) analysis is performed to categorise the identified factors based on the driving power and dependence level. The interrelationships among the variables were derived from the opinion gardened from 50 research and industry experts. The results showed that political stability plays a critical component in driving other variables in the system. Also, a stable system is likely to impact the economic environment of a nation positively, thus, creating a desirable profile for investors to invest in tourism businesses or the development of destinations.
Balanced Scorecard Development as a Performance Management System in Saudi Public Universities: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Sharaf-Addin Hussein H. , Fazel Hesham
Published: November 2021

This study’s main objective is developing a balanced scorecard (BSC) model as a performance management system for the University of Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to describe how the University can move from mission to vision using goals and objectives articulated in its strategic plan 2017–2022. The study uses a qualitative research approach. It comprises an extensive review of relevant literature, an in-depth analysis of documentation of the University’s strategic plan 2017–2022, and a comprehensive discussion and face-to-face interview with relevant executives. A BSC framework was developed as a complementary process for the University’s strategic plan 2017–2022. In addition, a strategy map was designed based on the BSC model. The BSC framework and strategy map can be used to assess and monitor the University’s performance towards achieving ‘Educational and Research Excellence’ status by translating its strategic objectives into action plans.