bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Varve Counting And 14C-Ams Chronologies In The Sediments Of Lake Żabińskie, Northeastern Poland: Implications For Accurate 14C Dating Of Lake Sediments
Authors: Bonk Alicja , Tylmann Wojciech , Goslar Tomasz , Wacnik Agnieszka , Grosjean Martin
Published: November 2015

Varved lake sediments from Lake Zabihskie (northeastern Poland) provide a high- resolution calendar-year chronology which allows validation of 14C dating results. Microscopic analy­sis of the varve microfacies revealed that laminations found in Lake Zabihskie were biogenic (calcite) varves. Three independent counts indicated a good preservation quality of laminae in the 348 cm long sediment profile which contained 1000+12/-24 varves. The varve chronology was validated with the 137Cs activity peaks, the tephra horizon from the Askja eruption at AD 1875 and with the timing of major land-use changes of known age inferred from pollen analysis. 32 AMS 14C dates of terrestrial macrofossils distributed along the profile were compared with the varve chronology. After identifica­tion of outliers, the free-shape model performed with 21 14C dates provided the best possible fit with the varve chronology. We observed almost ideal consistency between both chronologies from the present until AD 1250 while in the lower part (AD 1000-1250) the difference increases to ca. 25 years. We demonstrate that this offset can be explained by too old radiocarbon ages of plant remains trans­ported to the lake by the inflowing creek. Results of this study highlight that careful interpretation of radiocarbon age-depth models is necessary, especially in lakes where no annual laminations are ob­served and no independent method are used for cross-validation.
Verbrechen, Verbrechensbekämpfung und Telegrafie. Kriminalhistorische Perspektiven auf die Entkoppelung von Transport und Kommunikation im langen 19. Jahrhundert.
Authors: Wenzlhuemer Roland
Published: November 2015

Spätestens mit der festen fachlichen Etablierung der Globalgeschichte hat die Geschichtswissenschaft überregionale und globale Verbindungen als wirtschaftlich, sozial und kulturell prägende Faktoren in den Blick genommen. Vielen Studien in diesem Bereich liegt die implizite Annahme zugrunde, dass eine Zunahme und Intensivierung globaler Verbindungen auf die verbundenen Gesellschaften und Akteure auf eine Art und Weise zurückwirkt, die dort zu substanziellen Veränderungen führt. Während sich dies in vielen Fällen natürlich als zutreffend erweist, verstellt eine solche Grundannahme dennoch den analytischen Blick auf die Schnittstelle zwischen globaler Verbindung und deren lokaler Manifestation. Dieser Artikel leuchtet anhand des Beispiels telegrafischer Vernetzung im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert genau diese Schnittstelle besser aus und identifiziert den Bruchpunkt, an welchem ein Mehr an Konnektivität in eine qualitative Veränderung der Verbindung, eine neue Form von Verbindung umschlägt. Die zu diesem Zweck untersuchten Fallstudien stammen aus dem Bereich des Verbrechens beziehungsweise der Verbrechensbekämpfung per Telegraf. Dieses Feld eignet sich aufgrund seiner engen Verbindung zu Fragen von Kontrolle und Kontrollevasion besonders gut, um die durch die Vernetzung forcierten qualitativen Veränderungen greifbar zu machen.
Visual Attention and Choice: A Behavioral Economics Perspective on Food Decisions
Authors: Grebitus Carola , Roosen Jutta , Seitz Carolin Claudia
Published: November 2015

Food decisions receive a lot of attention from multiple disciplines. In this context, choice experiments are often used to determine consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for food product attributes. The design of choice experiments and its influence on measurement of consumer choices has received great consideration. This study analyzes the influence of visual attention on the final choice by combining choice experiments with eye tracking. Furthermore, the role of attention on more or less complex choices is investigated by using two treatments with three-attribute and five-attribute designs. We find that visual attention affects decision making of the average individual but there is heterogeneity in behavior present as to how much attention influences choice. Furthermore, results show that visual attention predicts choice more in the choice experiment with the three-attribute design than in the choice experiment with the five-attribute design.
Towards Alternative Ways to Measure Attitudes Related to Consumption: Introducing Startle Reflex Modulation
Authors: Koller Monika , Walla Peter
Published: November 2015

Evolution provided us with the important feature of affective information processing, which is designed to detect potentially harmful and appetitive sources in a dynamic environment. Transferred into the modern world of consumption research, we are interested in studying this particular approach versus avoidance behavior. We call it affective information processing which is the underlying basis of all emotions and a significant part of attitudes relevant to consumption. This paper provides conceptual and measurement-related reflections on our understanding of attitudes and emotions relevant to consumption.
Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives on Food Decision-Making: A Brief Introduction
Authors: Lepping Rebecca J. , Papa Vlad B. , Martin Laura E.
Published: November 2015

Cognitive neuroscience methods have recently been employed to examine the neural underpinnings of food-related decision-making. The emerging field of food decision neuroscience uses cognitive neuroscience tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study how individuals make decisions regarding food intake, purchasing, branding, and advertising. These tools can be employed to inform marketing strategies, advertising, and product differentiation. Results can also be leveraged to aid in the design of food labeling and policy for obesity, advertising to children, and others. While these tools have the promise for advancing agricultural science as well as informing food related policy, there are some potential pitfalls when applying these techniques to new fields. The goal of this paper is to outline some of the major tools used by cognitive neuroscience – beginning with experimental design and behavioral measures, and then followed by a discussion of some of the neuroimaging tools (fMRI, electroencephalography and event-related potentials [EEG/ERP], and magnetoencephalography [MEG]) – and to highlight how those tools have been used to understand food decision-making.
A model for longitudinal tensile strength prediction of low braiding angle three-dimensional and four-directional composites
Authors: Hui Yuan , Weidong Wen , Yi Wang , Zhenshan Zheng , Xiong Wu
Published: November 2015

Based on random crack core theory, a model for predicting the longitudinal tensile strength of three-dimensional (3D) four-directional composites with low braiding angle is established. The model carries out accurate theoretical predictions of the longitudinal tensile strength of 3D four-directional braided carbon fiber/resin composites. The average stiffness method is used to calculate elastic constants of an inner single cell of 3D four-directional braided composites. Meanwhile, the corresponding relationship between failure probability of a unidirectional composite fiber bundle and stress level is given based on the random crack core model of the longitudinal tensile strength of a unidirectional composite. Furthermore, strength algorithms of low braiding angle 3D four-directional composites under different damage modes are built on the basis of the Tsai-Hill criterion. In this paper, the dispersion of single fiber strength is also considered in the model, so the size effect of the composite strength can be reflected effectively. At last, the longitudinal tensile strength of 3D four-directional braided carbon fiber/resin composites is predicted and analyzed, and the result shows that this model has high prediction accuracy.
Explanation of the Quantum-Mechanical Particle-Wave Duality through the Emission of Watt-Less Gravitational Waves by the Dirac Equation
Authors: Winterberg Friedwardt
Published: November 2015

An explanation of the quantum-mechanical particle-wave duality is given by the watt-less emission of gravitational waves from a particle described by the Dirac equation. This explanation is possible through the existence of negative energy, and hence negative mass solutions of Einstein’s gravitational field equations. They permit to understand the Dirac equation as the equation for a gravitationally bound positive–negative mass (pole–dipole particle) two-body configuration, with the mass of the Dirac particle equal to the positive mass of the gravitational field binding the positive with the negative mass particle, and with the mass particles making a luminal “Zitterbewegung” (quivering motion), emitting a watt-less oscillating positive–negative space curvature wave. It is shown that this thusly produced “Zitterbewegung” reproduces the quantum potential of the Madelung-transformed Schrödinger equation. The watt-less gravitational wave emitted by the quivering particles is conjectured to be de Broglie’s pilot wave. The hypothesised connection of the Dirac equation to gravitational wave physics could, with the failure to detect gravitational waves by the LIGO antennas and pulsar timing arrays, give a clue to extended theories of gravity, or a correction of astrophysical models for the generation of such waves.
Downregulation of Spermine Augments Dendritic Persistent Sodium Currents and Synaptic Integration after Status Epilepticus
Authors: Royeck Michel , Kelly Tony , Opitz Thoralf , Otte David-Marian , Rennhack Andreas , Woitecki Anne , Pitsch Julika , Becker Albert , Schoch Susanne , Kaupp Ulrich Benjamin , Yaari Yoel , Zimmer Andreas , Beck Heinz
Published: November 2015

Dendritic voltage-gated ion channels profoundly shape the integrative properties of neuronal dendrites. In epilepsy, numerous changes in dendritic ion channels have been described, all of them due to either their altered transcription or phosphorylation. In pilocarpine-treated chronically epileptic rats, we describe a novel mechanism that causes an increased proximal dendritic persistent Na+current (INaP). We demonstrate using a combination of electrophysiology and molecular approaches that the upregulation of dendriticINaPis due to a relief from polyamine-dependent inhibition. The polyamine deficit in hippocampal neurons is likely caused by an upregulation of the degrading enzyme spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase. Multiphoton glutamate uncaging experiments revealed that the increase in dendriticINaPcauses augmented dendritic summation of excitatory inputs. These results establish a novel post-transcriptional modification of ion channels in chronic epilepsy and may provide a novel avenue for treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this paper, we describe a novel mechanism that causes increased dendritic persistent Na+current. We demonstrate using a combination of electrophysiology and molecular approaches that the upregulation of persistent Na+currents is due to a relief from polyamine-dependent inhibition. The polyamine deficit in hippocampal neurons is likely caused by an upregulation of the degrading enzyme spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase. Multiphoton glutamate uncaging experiments revealed that the increase in dendritic persistent Na current causes augmented dendritic summation of excitatory inputs. We believe that these results establish a novel post-transcriptional modification of ion channels in chronic epilepsy.
Reliable Genetic Labeling of Adult-Born Dentate Granule Cells UsingAscl1CreERT2andGlastCreERT2Murine Lines
Authors: Yang Sung M. , Alvarez Diego D. , Schinder Alejandro F.
Published: November 2015

Newly generated dentate granule cells (GCs) are relevant for input discrimination in the adult hippocampus. Yet, their precise contribution to information processing remains unclear. To address this question, it is essential to develop approaches to precisely label entire cohorts of adult-born GCs. In this work, we used genetically modified mice to allow conditional expression of tdTomato (Tom) in adult-born GCs and characterized their development and functional integration.Ascl1CreERT2;CAGfloxStopTomandGlastCreERT2;CAGfloxStopTommice resulted in indelible expression of Tom in adult neural stem cells and their lineage upon tamoxifen induction. Whole-cell recordings were performed to measure intrinsic excitability, firing behavior, and afferent excitatory connectivity. Developing GCs were also staged by the expression of early and late neuronal markers. The slow development of adult-born GCs characterized here is consistent with previous reports using retroviral approaches that have revealed that a mature phenotype is typically achieved after 6–8 weeks. Our findings demonstrate thatAscl1CreERT2andGlastCreERT2mouse lines enable simple and reliable labeling of adult-born GC lineages within restricted time windows. Therefore, these mice greatly facilitate tagging new neurons and manipulating their activity, required for understanding adult neurogenesis in the context of network remodeling, learning, and behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur study shows thatAscl1CreERT2andGlastCreERT2mice lines can be used to label large cohorts of adult-born dentate granule cells with excellent time resolution. Neurons labeled in this manner display developmental and functional profiles that are in full agreement with previous findings using thymidine analogs and retroviral labeling, thus providing an alternative approach to tackle fundamental questions on circuit remodeling. Because of the massive neuronal targeting and the simplicity of this method, genetic labeling will contribute to expand research on adult neurogenesis.
Maternal thyroid disease in the Danish National Birth Cohort: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Olsen Jørn , Laurberg Peter
Published: November 2015

Objective

Thyroid disorders are common in women of reproductive age, but the exact burden of disease before, during and after a pregnancy is not clear. We describe the prevalence of thyroid disease in women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) and investigate some of its risk factors.

Design

Population-based study within the DNBC, which included 101 032 pregnancies (1997–2003).

Methods

We studied women enrolled in the DNBC who gave birth to a live-born child. Information on maternal thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, benign goiter/nodules, thyroid cancer, and other) before, during and up to 5 years after the woman's first pregnancy in the cohort was obtained from self-report (telephone interview in median gestational week 17) and from nationwide registers on hospital diagnosis of thyroid disease/thyroid surgery (from 1977) and prescriptions of thyroid drugs (from 1995).

Results

Of the 77 445 women studied, 3018 (3.9%) were identified with an onset of thyroid disease before (2.0%), during (0.1%) or in the 5-year period after the pregnancy (1.8%). During the pregnancy, 153 (0.2%) women received antithyroid drugs and 365 (0.5%) received thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism (83 after previous hyperthyroidism, 42 after previous surgery for benign goiter/nodules or thyroid cancer). Significant risk factors for maternal thyroid disease were age, parity, origin, iodine intake, smoking, alcohol, and BMI.

Conclusions

Around 4% of Danish pregnant women had either a history of thyroid disease or thyroid disease during pregnancy or were diagnosed with thyroid disease for the first-time in the years following a pregnancy. The spectrum of thyroid disease was influenced by demographic and environmental factors.
Electrical Performance of Distribution Insulators with Chlorella vulgaris Growth on its Surface
Authors: Rojas Cubides Herbert Enrique , Pérez Carlos Daniel , León Andrés Felipe , Cantor Luis Felipe
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a study about electrical performance of ceramic and polymeric insulators bio-contaminated with alga Chlorella vulgaris. The performed tests involve ANSI 55-2 and ANSI 52-1 ceramic insulators and ANSI DS-15 polymeric insulators, all of them used in distribution systems of Colombia. Biological contamination of insulators is realized using a controlled environment chamber that adjusts the temperature, humidity and light radiation. The laboratory tests include measurements of flashover voltages and leakage currents and they were performed to determine how insulators are affected by biological contamination. After a series of laboratory tests, it was concluded that the presence of Chlorella vulgaris on the contaminated ceramic insulators reduces the wet flashover voltage up to 12% and increases their leakage currents up to 80%. On the other hand, for polymeric insulators the effect of algae growth on flashover voltages was not to strong, although the leakage currents increase up to 60%.
Descripción matemática del desempeño electroanalítico de nanopartículas de derivados de níquel en la determinación cualitativa y cuantitativa de metanol
Authors: Tkach Volodymyr V. , Ojani Reza , Zarei Ebrahim , Nechyporuk Vasyl´ V. , Yagodynets´ Petró I. , Oliveira Sílvio C. de
Published: November 2015

En este trabajo se desarrolló y se analizó, por medio de la teoría de estabilidad lineal y del análisis de bifurcaciones, el modelo matemático con que fue descrito el desempeño de nanopartículas de los derivados de níquel (solas y en compositos con el polímero conductor) en la determinación de metanol en el medio alcalino. Mediante el modelaje matemático, se derivaron las condiciones de estabilidad del estado estacionario, e inferidas las causas generales del comportamiento oscilatorio y monotónico. Los resultados del modelaje se compararon con los datos experimentales.
Nutrir la identidad: la herencia china en la costa de Chiapas, México
Authors: Lisbona Miguel
Published: November 2015

Los aportes culturales de los descendientes de chinos en la costa del Pacífico mexicano, concretamente en el estado de Chiapas, han trascendido el carácter anecdótico para convertirse, gracias a la construcción de una tradición gastronómica conocida como comida china, en referente de identidad local, en especial en la ciudad de Tapachula.
Construcción de la alteridad y el significado de la familia en las ventas ambulantes
Authors: Vega Karla
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo analiza la construcción de la alteridad en dos familias de vendedores ambulantes que laboran en la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica y cómo manejan dicha construcción en la coyuntura económica y social que enfrentan actualmente. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó el método etnográfico y las entrevistas no estandarizadas para evitar interrumpir las labores de los vendedores. Se encontró que la economía popular es más que un medio para obtener recursos, es una estrategia para las familias que la emplean, la cual involucra la dinámica social, comunal y familiar, las y los vendedores ambulantes se constituyen en una gran familia con funcionamiento propio
Corneal confocal microscopy in a healthy Brazilian sample
Authors: Dieckmann Gabriela , Pupe Camila , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Objective This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the corneal sub-basal plexus by performing in vivo confocal microscopy of healthy Brazilians to provide reference values for the Brazilian population. Method This study is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study comparing corneas from 55 healthy Brazilian individuals across the age span of 20-70 years. Results The average number of fibers was 5.35 ± 1.36, fiber density was 33.4 ± 8.5 fibers per field, and the mean number of Langerhans cells was 5.13 ± 8.10. A correlation between the average number of fibers and age showed an inverse relationship between the number and density of fibers and age for women (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, each annual increase of age showed an average increase of 1.017 (95%CI: 1.008 to 1.026) in the number of Langerhans cells, adjusting for sex and thickness. Conclusion Compared to other samples, this Brazilian population showed a higher average number of fibers, though further studies with a larger sample should be performed.
Endovascular thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ferri Cleusa P. , Buehler Anna , Flato Uri Adrian Prync , Puglia Junior Paulo , Fernandes Jefferson G.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Few patients benefit from the current standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), encouraging the development of new treatments. Objective To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and/or safety of endovascular thrombectomy in AIS compared to standard treatment and to identify ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Method Searches for RCTs were performed in Medline/Embase, and for ongoing trials: International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov and ISRCTN registry (to June 15th, 2015). Results From the eight published RCTs, five showed the superiority of treatment that includes thrombectomy compared to standard care alone. From the 13 ongoing RCTs, 3 have been halted, one has not started, one has unknown status and eight will end between 2016 - 2020. Conclusion Evidence favours a combination of the standard therapy with endovascular thrombectomy. The selection criteria however limit the number of people who can benefit. Further studies are needed to prove its cost-effectiveness.
Juvenile Huntington disease in Argentina
Authors: Gatto Emilia Mabel , Parisi Virginia , Etcheverry José Luis , Sanguinetti Ana , Cordi Lorena , Binelli Adrian , Persi Gabriel , Squitieri Ferdinando
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT We analyzed demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics of juvenile Huntington disease (JHD) and it frequency in an Argentinean cohort. Age at onset was defined as the age at which behavioral, cognitive, psychiatric or motor abnormalities suggestive of JHD were first reported. Clinical and genetic data were similar to other international series, however, in this context we identified the highest JHD frequency reported so far (19.72%; 14/71). Age at onset of JHD is challenging and still under discussion. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that clinical manifestations, other than the typical movement disorder, may anticipate age at onset of even many years. Analyses of JHD cohorts are required to explore it frequency in populations with different backgrounds to avoid an underestimation of this rare phenotype. Moreover, data from selected populations may open new pathways in therapeutic approaches and may explain new potential correlations between HD presentations and environmental or biological factors.
Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Responsividade Social-2 para Transtornos do Espectro Autista
Authors: Barbosa Izabela Guimarães , Rodrigues David Henrique , Rocha Natália Pessoa , Simões-e-Silva Ana Cristina , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Kummer Arthur
Published: November 2015

Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão em português da Escala de Responsividade Social-2 (ERS-2) para crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Métodos A ERS-2 foi respondida pelos pais de 90 pacientes com TEA e 25 controles saudáveis. Análises quanto à validade discriminante, índices de confiabilidade e separação, de adequação e calibração dos itens pelo modelo Rasch foram realizadas. Resultados A ERS-2 demonstrou boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,952), um ponto de corte de 41, sensibilidade de 96,8%, especificidade de 100% e valor preditivo negativo de 99,9% para a identificação de TEA. As subescalas apresentaram, de forma geral, adequação ao modelo. No entanto, alguns itens se apresentaram pouco consistentes do ponto de vista estatístico (correlação item-total negativas e misfitting). O mapa de itens mostrou má cobertura da variável latente, especialmente no espectro mais leve do TEA. Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a versão em português da ERS-2 pode ser utilizada como ferramenta de triagem para o reconhecimento de TEA em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. A escala pode ter versões futuras aprimoradas com a substituição dos itens com pior desempenho.
Investigation of cognition in schizophrenia: psychometric properties of instruments for assessing working memory updating
Authors: Berberian Arthur A. , Gadelha Ary , Dias Natália M. , Mecca Tatiana P. , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Lacerda Acioly T.
Published: November 2015

Objective This study describes the development of two updating measures of working memory (WM): Letter Updating Test (LUT) and Word Updating Test (WUT). Methods In stage 1, items were created and the instruments were assessed by experts and laymen. In stage 2, tests were given to 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 paired controls. All were able to understand and respond to the instruments. In stage 3, 141 patients with schizophrenia and 119 healthy controls aged 18 to 60 took part; they were assessed on WM, processing speed (PS) and functional outcome. Results The results showed adequate rates of internal consistency for both measures developed, for both the total sample and each group separately, as well as evidence of convergent validity, discriminant validity and sensitivity to differentiate performance among the groups. Principal component analysis yielded two components, one for updating tests and other for PS measures, indicating factorial validity. Positive and significant, yet low, correlations were found with functionality measures. Conclusion These results provide adequate psychometric parameters for the measures developed, applicable to cognitive research settings in schizophrenia.
DINÂMICA SOROLÓGICA DE ANTICORPOS CONTRA Neospora caninum DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO DE VACAS NATURALMENTE INFECTADAS
Authors: Antonello Ana Maria , Camillo Giovana , Weber Augusto , Braunig Patrícia , Sangioni Luis Antonio , Vogel Fernanda Silveira Flores
Published: November 2015

Resumo Neosporose é uma das maiores causas de perdas reprodutivas em rebanhos bovinos. O estágio da gestação em que ocorre a infecção ou o recrudescimento das formas bradizoítas, que se reflete no nível de anticorpos, é um dos fatores que define o futuro da gestação. Portanto, este trabalho visa a traçar um esboço do perfil sorológico de fêmeas naturalmente infectadas durante a gestação. Para isso, amostras séricas de 25 vacas da raça holandesa foram coletadas desde o dia da inseminação artificial até a véspera do parto, em intervalos mensais. Essas amostras foram testadas por imunofluorescência indireta em busca de IgG. Dos 25 animais, somente 13 foram utilizados na análise, por serem soropositivos desde o início ou por se soroconverteram durante a gestação. Observou-se um aumento gradual dos níveis de anticorpos ao longo da gestação, mais evidente na metade final do período. Observou-se também diferença significativa nos títulos de anticorpos entre os períodos iniciais e finais da gestação, sugerindo a reativação de formas bradizoítas. Tais resultados reforçam a ideia da flutuação nos níveis de anticorpos ao longo da gestação, influenciado pela reativação de N. caninum. O conhecimento dessa dinâmica é importante para a patogenia e epidemiologia da infecção bem como para o diagnóstico.
USO DE SUCEDÂNEO EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO AO LEITE NO DESEMPENHO DE BEZERROS DA RAÇA HOLANDESA DURANTE A CRIA E RECRIA
Authors: Boito Bruna , Menezes Luis Fernando Glasenapp de , Ziech Magnos Fernando , Kuss Fernando , Lisbinski Eduardo , Fiorelli Andréia
Published: November 2015

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência biológica do sucedâneo em substituição ao leite, na fase de cria e recria de bezerros da raça Holandesa. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Dois Vizinhos, entre maio de 2011 e abril de 2012. A pesquisa foi realizada com 32 animais, adotando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições: 100% leite; 34% sucedâneo + 66% leite; 66% sucedâneo + 34% leite; e 100% sucedâneo. Os dados foram submetidos à analise de variância e de regressão a 5% de significância. Dentre as medidas morfométricas realizadas, apenas o ganho de perímetro torácico apresentou diferença significativa. A utilização de sucedâneo em substituição ao leite durante a fase de aleitamento apresentou uma resposta linear negativa para os níveis 100%, 66%, 34% sucedâneo, porém durante a fase de recria ocorreu um ganho compensatório dos animais submetidos aos tratamentos 34% e 66% sucedâneo. A utilização de 100% de sucedâneo na alimentação de bezerros holandeses na fase de cria não foi eficiente durante o aleitamento. Durante a fase de recria, a substituição parcial do leite por sucedâneo (66% sucedâneo + 34% leite) mostrou ser a opção mais eficiente, pois apresentou um ganho compensatório favorável.
Effect of land use on the composition, diversity and abundance of insects drifting in neotropical streams
Authors: Gimenez B. C. G. , Lansac-Tôha F. A. , Higuti J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Streams may exhibit differences in community structure of invertebrate drift, which may be a reflex of variation in environmental factors, able to change in conditions of anthropogenic interventions. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, diversity and abundance of insects drifting in two neotropical streams under different land use and to identify the environmental factors involved in determining such patterns. 54 taxa of aquatic insects were identified in urban and rural streams. The results indicated significant differences in species composition due to the replacement of specialist species by generalist species in the urban stream. Higher diversity of taxa was recorded in the rural stream, with high levels of dissolved oxygen and high water flow, which favored the occurrence of sensitive groups to environmental disturbances, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera taxa, that living mainly in clean and well oxygenated waters. On the other hand, a higher density of insects drifting, especially Chironomidae, was observed in the urban stream, where high values of pH, electrical conductivity and nitrogen were observed. These larvae are able to explore a wide range of environmental conditions, owing to their great capacity for physiological adaptation. Despite observing the expected patterns, there were no significant differences between streams for the diversity and abundance of species. Thus, the species composition can be considered as the best predictor of impacts on the drifting insect community.
Paecilomyces niveus Stolk & Samson, 1971 (Ascomycota: Thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley, 1841) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brazil
Authors: Zawadneak M. A. C. , Pimentel I. C. , Robl D. , Dalzoto P. , Vicente V. , Sosa-Gómez D. R. , Porsani M. , Cuquel F. L.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of Paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri in Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. The fungus P. niveus (PaePR) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. The species was confirmed by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA. We obtained a sequence of 528 bp (accession number HQ441751), which aligned with Byssochlamys nivea strains (100% identities). In a bioassay, 120 h after inoculation of N. ribisnigri with pathogenic P. niveus had an average mortality of 74%. The presence of P. niveus as a natural pathogen of N. ribisnigri in Brazil suggests that it may be possible to employ P. niveus to minimize the use of chemical insecticides.
Bioimpedance as a tool for evaluating the body composition of suruvi (Steindachneridion scriptum)
Authors: Zaniboni-Filho E. , Hermes-Silva S. , Weingartner M. , Jimenez J. E. , Borba M. R. , Fracalossi D. M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.
Brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer
Authors: Ferreira Adriana Souza Sérgio , Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Lopes Humberto Elias , Lima U-Thant Mendonça , Vasconcelos Yara Abrão , Teixeira Maria Teresa Bustamante
Published: November 2015

Summary Objective: this study analyzes the survival of prostate cancer patients cared for at a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil according to one of the following treatments: iodine-125 seed implantation or radical prostatectomy. From January 2002 to December 2005, 129 patients underwent either brachytherapy (64 patients) or surgery (65 patients). Methods: all had prostate-specific antigen, Gleason scores and clinical stage recorded prior to treatment. Biochemical relapse was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA)>0.4ng/mL for radical prostatectomy, and any elevation equal or higher than 2ng/mL over the PSA nadir for implanted patients. To analyze the effect of treatment on biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS), Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were generated. Mean follow-up time was 56.1 months for patients with the implant, and 26.6 months for those operated on. BRFS in 5 years was 69% (95% CI: 58.18-77.45) for the whole cohort. Discussion: when stratified according to treatment, survival of patients who had undergone brachytherapy (79.70%) was higher to those operated on (44.30%; pvalue= 0.0056). Upon multivariate analysis, independent predictors were iPSA (HR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1,32-6,42), Gleason score (HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1,00-4,81) and treatment modality (HR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.18-5,75). Risk of biochemical failure was higher with surgery than brachytherapy, which may be related to the failure criteria adopted, which is different for each therapy, as well as the high rate of histological progression between preoperative prostate biopsy and surgical specimen. Conclusion: it was found that brachytherapy is a good therapeutic option for low risk prostate cancer.
Afetar e ser afetado pelo acontecimento: coberturas jornalísticas da Aids e impactos sociais
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Alberto de
Published: November 2015

Resumo Neste artigo, o objetivo é discutir a Aids como acontecimento disruptor, em duas dimensões: sobre as relações sociais e sobre as coberturas jornalísticas que dela têm sido feitas. Deriva dessa condição seu caráter exemplar para a exploração da noção do poder de afetação de certos acontecimentos. As reflexões sobre o poder disruptor - e por isso mesmo emblemático - da Aids como acontecimento que afeta e é afetado pela vida social e pelas coberturas jornalísticas que se dão a partir de algumas investigações sobre o tema que temos desenvolvido já há mais de duas décadas. Quando surgiu como acontecimento problemático, a Aids forçou mobilizações médico-científicas e sociais diversas na tentativa de compreendê-la, movimento que afetou significativamente a cobertura noticiosa sobre a síndrome e os acontecimentos por ela desencadeados.
Avaliação dos espaços de construção de conhecimento da Escola de Tecnologia da Faculdade Projeção de Brasília
Authors: Moreira Jonathan Rosa , Ribeiro Jefferson Bruno Pereira
Published: November 2015

O conhecimento tem assumido papel de destaque nas organizações e o seu valor reflete diretamente na competitividade e posicionamento no mercado. A falta de entendimento acerca dos processos e de como se estabelece uma comunicação eficaz pode impactar no aprendizado e na cultura organizacionais das Instituições de Educação Superior. Este artigo visa contribuir com um estudo que apresente como a relação entre Comunicação Organizacional, Gestão do Conhecimento, Aprendizagem Organizacional, e Cultura Organizacional pode corresponder um espaço de Construção de Conhecimento para uma Instituição de Educação Superior privada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, aplicada no âmbito da Faculdade Projeção, Distrito Federal, para os membros da comunidade acadêmica envolvidos em sua Escola de Tecnologia. Em função da revisão de literatura e da análise documental, espera-se propor um modelo de construção de conhecimento para a instituição e avaliar como a Escola de Tecnologia se comporta nesse cenário.
Doenças raras: itinerário diagnóstico e terapêutico das famílias de pessoas afetadas
Authors: Luz Geisa dos Santos , Silva Mara Regina Santos da , DeMontigny Francine
Published: November 2015

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar o itinerário diagnóstico e terapêutico realizado pelas famílias de pessoas com doenças raras, no âmbito da rede de serviços públicos brasileiros. Métodos Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa. Utilizou-se a teoria bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano, de Urie Bronfenbrenner, para a compreensão dos dados. O instrumento de pesquisa foi uma entrevista semiestruturada, e os dados foram analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados Foram agrupados três núcleos temáticos: “Itinerário das famílias em busca do diagnóstico da doença”; “Itinerário das famílias no pós-diagnóstico da doença”; “Itinerário de manutenção terapêutica”. Conclusão O acesso aos serviços especializado possibilitou a obtenção do diagnóstico da doença rara. O tratamento foi um desafio, pois há poucos medicamentos disponíveis na escolha terapêutica para essas doenças. A judicialização foi fundamental para o acesso e a manutenção terapêutica.
Avaliação de custo-efetividade de dois tipos de curativos para prevenção de úlcera por pressão
Authors: Inoue Kelly Cristina , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: November 2015

Resumo Objetivo : Analisar a relação custo-efetividade de dois tipos de curativos para a prevenção de úlcera por pressão na região sacral. Métodos : Pesquisa de análise secundária, comparativa, que incluiu 25 pacientes dos quais dez utilizaram a cobertura hidrocoloide e 15 o filme transparente, para prevenção de úlcera por pressão na região sacral. Foram contabilizados custos de aquisição com cada tipo de cobertura; verificados desfechos intermediário e final; e foi estimada a relação custo-efetividade. Resultados : A relação custo-efetividade do hidrocoloide para o desfecho intermediário foi de R$174,68 enquanto do filme transparente foi de R$45,74. Para o desfecho final, essa relação foi de respectivamente R$272,00 e R$28,97. Conclusão : O filme transparente foi mais custo-efetivo do que o hidrocoloide na prevenção de úlcera por pressão sacral.
Nova gestão pública na Noruega: o papel do contexto nacional na mediação da reforma educacional
Authors: Møller Jorunn , Skedsmo Guri
Published: November 2015

RESUMO: Desde o final dos anos 1980, o sistema educacional norueguês passou por grandes reformas amplamente influenciadas pelas novas ideias gerencialistas. As estratégias para renovar o setor público foram promovidas com a nova gestão pública (NGP). Este artigo investiga a forma pela qual as ideias ligadas às reformas da NGP foram introduzidas e interpretadas no setor educacional norueguês. Com base em nossos estudos de documentos de políticas públicas selecionados, de um período que compreende as últimas duas décadas, identificamos três áreas de luta discursiva. A primeira está vinculada a ideologias e à história nacional de escolarização; a segunda está relacionada a assuntos debatidos no que tange ao profissionalismo docente e, a terceira, está associada às estratégias de modernização e melhoria da educação. Um argumento central é que as reformas da NGP mudaram de direção e foram aceleradas quando a Noruega foi listada entre os países com "baixo desempenho" de acordo com o Pisa e outros testes internacionais. A liderança e a responsabilização (accountability) se tornaram os temas dominantes no campo da educação norueguesa.
La modernización del sistema educativo en Francia: la nueva gestión pública entre la afirmación del Estado y la gobernanza descentralizada
Authors: Derouet Jean-Louis , Normand Romuald , Pacheco Ramon GP
Published: November 2015

RESUMEN: La historia de la administración pública francesa en educación se encuentra sólidamente vinculada al legado napoleónico y al nacimiento de la Tercera República. La importancia del legalismo presenta un impacto en la acción de los diseñadores de políticas, inspectores y directores de los diferentes niveles jerárquicos, situándoles en posiciones de mando, autoridad y subordinación. Debido al peso de los servicios públicos y del funcionariado en Francia, es principalmente el Estado quien se está viendo transformado con algunos efectos sobre el sector de la educación. Este orden burocrático es hoy día desafiado por la implementación de la nueva gestión pública o new public management (NPM). La ley para la modernización de las finanzas públicas ha reorganizado el gasto público en educación de acuerdo a amplios programas que implementan los 3 principios del NPM: economía, eficiencia, efectividad. Sin embargo, Francia ha desarrollado una rendición de cuentas carente de mercado educativo. Se trata además de un NPM sin demasiada descentralización y flexibilidad. Mientras otros sectores implicados en las políticas públicas, como el sanitario, han conocido ya importantes cambios en su organización y condiciones de trabajo, el educativo parece adentrarse en una nueva etapa marcada por la reestructuración de las profesiones relacionadas con la enseñanza. La mejora de la comprensión del proyecto de modernización y NPM en el sector de la educación pasa por observar su relación con algunas transformaciones importantes y globales dentro del Estado central. La politización de diseñadores de políticas de alto rango, diversificación de servicios y responsabilidades, individualización y movilidad, o pago por actividad puesta en práctica, son algunos de los principales componentes de la desregulación del Estado que presenta impacto sobre los profesionales desde formas más sutiles e invisibles.
Recovery of Mollicutes from the reproductive tract of dairy cattle in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Santos Sandra B. , Pinheiro-Júnior José W. , Mota André R. , Santos André S. , Alves Bruno H.L.S. , Oliveira Júnior M.B. , Silva Leonildo B.G. , Mota Rinaldo A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence of members of the Mollicutesclass in the reproductive system of dairy cattle in Brazil. Five farms containing dairy cattle were visited in January of 2012. In total, 100 cows of different ages, breeds and stages of lactation were examined in the present study. The cows were part of intensive or semi-intensive management systems and were submitted to mechanical milking or hand milking. The samples were collected after washing the vulvar region with water and soap, and then drying it with paper towels and disinfecting the area with alcohol (70°GL). Vaginal mucous was collected using a sterile alginate cotton swab, which was rubbed on the vagina, as well as the lateral and internal walls. Vulvovaginal mucous samples were cultured in both liquid and solid modified Hayflick´s medium, for mycoplasmas, and UB medium, for ureaplasmas. The PCR assays for Mollicutesand Ureaplasmaspp. were performed according to the standard protocols described in the current literature. During isolation, the frequency of Mycoplasmaspp. was of 13.0% (13/100) and for Ureaplasmaspp. was of 6.0% (6/100). In the PCR assays the frequency of Mollicuteswas of 26.0% (26/100) and for Ureaplasmaspp. was of 13.0% (13/100) in the dairy cattle studied. This is the first report of these agents in reproductive system of bovine of the Pernambuco state. Further studies are necessary to determine the pathogenic potential and species of these field isolates.
Estudo sobre a sensibilidade dos caprinos à toxidez de crotalárias tóxicas para bovinos visando a sua utilização na profilaxia
Authors: Pires Ana Paula C. , Oliveira Mariana C. , Braga Karina M. , Malafaia Pedro , Barros Janne P.N. , Tokarnia Carlos H. , Brito Marilene F.
Published: November 2015

Resumo: A intoxicação por plantas é sabidamente uma das principais causas de morte de bovinos adultos no Brasil. Uma vez que pouco pode ser feito no que diz respeito ao tratamento destas intoxicações, os esforços devem se concentrar na adoção de medidas profiláticas alternativas, como a utilização de uma espécie menos sensível no local de ocorrência de determinadas plantas. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho verificar a sensibilidade de caprinos às crotalárias (Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalaria juncea) para que estes possam ser utilizados na profilaxia da intoxicação por essas plantas em bovinos. Sementes de C. spectabilis e C. juncea foram fornecidas em doses únicas ou diárias a oito caprinos adultos jovens, de ambos os sexos, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais (um grupo para cada planta). Dos quatro caprinos que receberam as sementes de C. juncea, nenhum desenvolveu sinais clínicos de intoxicação ou apresentou alterações significativas no exame bioquímico. Entre os quatro caprinos que receberam sementes de C. spectabilis três morreram. Um animal recebeu uma dose única de 20g/kg de sementes da planta e desenvolveu sinais de intoxicação aguda, caracterizadas macro e microscopicamente por necrose hemorrágica centrolobular. Os outros dois caprinos desenvolveram um quadro de intoxicação crônica pela administração de doses diárias de 2g/kg de sementes da planta por 35 e 150 dias respectivamente. Um animal apresentou uma marcada pneumonia intersticial e lesões hepáticas leves, enquanto no outro caprino observaram-se apenas lesões hepáticas crônicas. Ambos os animais apresentaram alterações transitórias ao exame bioquímico. O quarto caprino recebeu a dose única de 10g/kg, sobreviveu e não apresentou alterações clínicas ou da bioquímica sanguínea significativas. Os resultados do trabalho mostraram que não se deve usar caprinos como medida profilática na intoxicação por C. spectabilis,mas que pode se recomendar esta espécie na profilaxia da intoxicação por C. juncea.