bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond tree cover: Characterizing southern China's forests using deep learning
Authors: Li Qian , Yue Yuemin , Liu Siyu , Brandt Martin , Chen Zhengchao , Tong Xiaowei , Wang Kelin , Chang Jingyi , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: August 2022

Mapping forests with satellite images at local to global scale is done on a routine basis, but to go beyond the mapping of forest cover and towards characterizing forests according to their types, species and use, requires a dense time‐series of images. This knowledge is important, because ecological and economic values differ between forests. A new generation of low cost very high spatial resolution satellite images and the advent of deep learning enables improved abilities for distinguishing objects based on their structure, which could potentially also be applied to map different forest classes related to type, species and use. Here we use GF‐1 images at 2 m resolution and map six forest classes including different planted species for the karst region in southwest China, covering 806,900 km2. We compare the results with field data and show that accuracies range between 78% and 90%. We show a dominance of plantations (15%) and secondary forests (70%), and only remnants of natural forests (6%). The possibility to map forest classes based on their crown structure derived from low cost very high‐resolution satellite imagery paves the road towards sustainable forest management and restoration activities, supporting the creation of connected habitats, increasing biodiversity and improved carbon storage. No temporal information is needed for our approach, which saves costs and leads to rapid results that can be updated at a high temporal frequency.
Production and Characterization of PLA/HA/GO Nanocomposite Scaffold
Authors: Oktay Busra , Ahlatcıoğlu Özerol Esma , Sahin Ali , Gunduz Oguzhan , Ustundag Cem Bulent
Published: August 2022

Polylactic acid (PLA) composite nanofibers combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were produced by electrospinning to create excellent biodegradable and durable scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering. The properties of the pure PLA, PLA/HA, PLA/GO, and PLA/HA/GO nanocomposite scaffolds were analyzed in chemical, morphological, mechanical, and biocompatibility. Morphology and composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. To predict the cytocompatibility of these scaffolds, HFF‐1 cells were cultured and the respective cell adhesion and proliferation were investigated by fluorescence microscopy, SEM, and MTT assay. FTIR results showed the successful synthesis of HA and GO nanoparticles. SEM images showed that the PLA/HA/GO scaffold is ideal for cell attachment and proliferation in tissue regeneration. Mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus of PLA nanofibers could be increased by adding 0,8 wt % HA and 0,4 wt % GO. The PLA/HA/GO scaffold exhibited the highest tensile strength of other scaffolds. MTT assay revealed that the PLA/HA/GO scaffold showed significantly high biocompatibility with 105 % cell viability. Therefore, PLA/HA/GO scaffold with 0,8 wt %HA and 0,4 wt %GO possessing high tensile strength as well as good cell proliferation is an excellent and versatile biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Umifenovir Analogues as Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Agents
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Miyagi Seiya , Yoshida Yusuke , Lamb Justin Steven , Chick Christian Nanga , Luhata Lokadi Pierre , Shibata Mizuho , Tanaka Eri , Suzuki Yumiko , Usuki Toyonobu
Published: August 2022

The unprecedented novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a threat to global health and the economy. Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, great effort has been made to reposition existing drugs to shorten development timelines, in addition to vaccine development and drug discovery campaigns. Umifenovir is a broad‐spectrum antiviral agent used to treat influenza in China and Russia and is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of COVID‐19. In this article, the synthesis of umifenovir analogues and their biological evaluation are reported. The inhibitory activities of analogues against the binding of the spike glycoprotein (S‐protein) of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) to the ACE2 receptor, which is a possible mode of action for umifenovir to inhibit viral infection, were investigated.
Rap‐Stoermer Reaction: TEA Catalyzed One‐Pot Efficient Synthesis of Benzofurans and Optimization of Different Reaction Conditions
Authors: Koca Murat , Ertürk Ali S. , Bozca Osman
Published: August 2022

The reaction of substituted salicylaldehydes with α‐haloketones to obtain benzofuran‐2‐yl (Alkyl/aryl) ketones, which is a Dickman type aldol condensation product in base, solvent, and temperature environment, is called as Rap‐Stoermer reaction. In this study, a series of Benzofuran‐2‐yl (Alkyl/ aryl) ketones was synthesized by heating substituted salicylaldehydes and α‐haloketones under solvent‐free sealed (closed vessel) conditions by using triethyleamine (TEA) as a novel base catalyst in good to excellent yields (81–97 %) at 130 °C and the obtained results compared with the existing literature. The reaction conditions were optimized in terms of yield, time, base, solvent temperature, stoichiometric ratios, and synthesis environments (open or closed vessels). The optimized protocol offers promising advantages such as solvent‐free and clean reaction media, short reaction time, no byproducts, and appreciable high yields for the prospective studies. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed by using spectroscopic methods such as ATR‐FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and LC‐MS.
Links between well‐being and sleep while awaiting breast biopsy results
Authors: Sweeny Kate , Medina Janine
Published: August 2022

Poor sleep is associated with several negative consequences, including poor health, depression, anxiety, and memory deficits, among others. Although the link from sleep to health and well‐being is well‐established, fewer studies have examined the reverse relationship. The current study examined the role of one particular challenge to well‐being, stressful uncertainty, in the association between well‐being and sleep quantity and quality. Female patients (n = 120 for the purpose of analyses) awaiting the results of a breast biopsy participated in an initial interview at their biopsy appointment and then completed daily surveys at home each day until they received their results. Patients who reported poorer well‐being on various measures also reported poorer and less sleep on average during the wait for biopsy results, even after controlling for individual differences and well‐being at the biopsy appointment. However, when patients experienced positive emotions on a given day, they tended to sleep better that night. Our findings suggest that stressful uncertainty about one's health may have detrimental effects on sleep, but positive emotions may improve sleep during stressful waiting periods.
Superficial shaving combined with photodynamic therapy is effective as a treatment for condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Pan Jie , Chen Mingliang , Zhao Shuang , Su Juan
Published: August 2022

Condyloma acuminatum is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus. Its prevalence and recurrence rates are high. While there are multiple treatment options for condyloma acuminatum, no single therapy form is effective in achieving complete remission. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was shown to be very promising as a treatment option for condyloma acuminatum. However, for some patients the therapeutic result after a single PDT session is not satisfactory. Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment method for recalcitrant condyloma acuminatum.

We hypothesize that suboptimal therapeutic results after a single PDT may be caused by an insufficient penetration of the photosensitizer into the tissue. Here, we applied a combination of superficial shaving and PDT to address this issue. All patients were satisfied with the effect of the treatment, and their quality of life improved significantly. Pain was the major adverse event during treatment but was acceptable to all patients. Therefore, superficial shaving in combination with PDT is safe and effective.
How do you build community and foster engagement in online courses?
Authors: Dolan Joanne , Kain Kevin , Reilly Janet , Bansal Guarav
Published: August 2022

This chapter reviews research linking the importance of community in an increasing engagement in online courses from an interdisciplinary perspective. Additionally, we identify applicable teaching strategies that focus on the important elements of community building, namely teaching, social, and cognitive presence.
Collaborative learning: A tried and true active learning method for the college classroom
Authors: Major Claire
Published: August 2022

This chapter considers the essential elements of collaborative learning, reviews research supporting the efficacy of this instructional practice, and argues that students can be more or less active according to the structure of the collaborative task.
Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Jang Guehwan , Kim Joo‐Ah , Park Changnam , Song Kyungok , Kang Won‐Myoung , Yang Kyungsu , Lee Changhee
Published: August 2022

Background

Reemergent local outbreaks of classical swine fever (CSF) occurred simultaneously in multiple pig farms on CSF‐free Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2014 because of inadvertent injection of a commercial CSF (LOM) vaccine into pregnant sows. The LOM virus has since spread across the island and has become endemic in Jeju herds, raising concern about possible reversion to the virulence of the LOM vaccine. We previously isolated LOM‐derived field CSF virus (CSFV) strains with unique insertion‐deletion (INDEL) mutations in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), designated LOM‐derived Jeju 3′‐UTR INDEL variants, from CSF‐recurrent swine farms on Jeju Island in 2019.

Methods

The present study conducted animal experiments to investigate whether a 2019 emergent LOM 3′‐UTR INDEL variant, KNU‐1905, has reverted to a pathogenic form in conventional pigs (n = 10).

Results

Experimental animal infection showed that pigs inoculated with the commercial LOM vaccine strain developed no adverse effects compared to the sham‐infected pigs. However, KNU‐1905 displayed pathogenic characteristics in pigs, including clinical symptoms (e.g., lethargy, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and diarrhoea), weight loss, and gross lesions. Moreover, viremia, virus shedding in faeces and nasal fluids, and viral loads in various tissues of all the KNU‐1905‐infected pigs were highly significant, in contrast to those of the LOM‐infected group in which CSFV RNA was detected only in the serum, nasal, and tonsil samples of one identical pig.

Conclusions

Overall, the LOM‐derived field isolate with molecular variations induced clinical adverse events in pigs, which commonly shed considerable amounts of CSFV. This study provides evidence that the genetic evolution of the LOM‐derived CSFV circulating on Jeju Island might have allowed the LOM vaccine to recover its primary prototype and that these variants might have induced chronic or persistent infection in pigs that can shed CSFV in field farms leading to a risk of transmission among pigs or farms in this former CSF‐free region.
OECM 1.5 °C Pathway for the Global Energy Supply
Authors: Teske Sven , Pregger Thomas
Published: August 2022

This chapter summarizes all the calculated energy demands for the industry, service, transport, and building sectors. The supply side results for the OECM 1.5 °C scenario are documented. Electricity generation and the power generation required globally are provided by technology, together with the corresponding renewable and fossil energy shares. A detailed overview of the heat demand by sector, the heat temperature levels required for industrial process heat, and the OECM 1.5 °C heat supply trajectories by technology are presented, in both total generation and installed capacities. The calculated global final and primary energy demands, carbon intensities by source, and energy-related CO2emissions by sector are given. Finally, the chapter provides the global carbon budgets by sector.
Scopes 1, 2, and 3 Industry Emissions and Future Pathways
Authors: Teske Sven , Nagrath Kriti , Niklas Sarah , Talwar Simran , Atherton Alison , Orbe Jaysson Guerrero , Assaf Jihane , Giurco Damien
Published: August 2022

The Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions analysed in the OECM are defined and are presented for the 12 sectors analysed: (1) energy, (2) power and gas utilities, (3) transport, (4) steel industry, (5) cement industry, (6) farming, (7) agriculture and forestry, (8) chemical industry, (9) aluminium industry, (10) construction and buildings, (11) water utilities, and (12) textiles and leather industry. The interconnections between all energy-related CO2 emissions are summarized with a Sankey graph.
Science-Based Industry Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Targets: Defining the Challenge
Authors: Teske Sven , Pregger Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background information is given on the Paris Climate Agreement and the role of nationally determined contributions and net-zero pledges. An overview of historical energy-related CO2 emissions since 1750 and how they relate to economic development, measured in gross domestic product (GDP), is provided, together with the cumulative energy-related CO2 emissions by region. The future energy demand if historical trends in energy efficiency and carbon intensity continue until 2050 is projected. The term ‘science-based target setting’ is defined, and how it relates to the carbon budget published in the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC is discussed. The energy-related CO2 emission pathway required to achieve the 1.5 °C target is outlined.
Decarbonisation Pathways for Buildings
Authors: Chatterjee Souran , Kiss Benedek , Ürge-Vorsatz Diana , Teske Sven
Published: August 2022

This section documents the development of four different energy demand pathways on the basis of the high-efficiency buildings (HEB) model of the Central European University. The assumptions and the scenario narratives are derived and the results provided in numerous graphs and tables. Of the four derived scenarios, two are selected for the OECM and the selection criteria are justified. The results in terms of the global energy demand and energy-related CO2 emissions are provided in tables.
Case Study: Philippines. Recognising Green Skills for Environmental and Sustainable Development in Four Selected Industries
Authors: Talavera Elmer
Published: August 2022

This chapter presents a study on the identification and recognition of knowledge, skills and competencies required to convert and maintain green enterprises in a Philippine context and in the light of Philippine policies, legislation and investments to stimulate the development of new green markets. It examines the use of ‘green’ practices in enterprises, the benefits and challenges in the application of such practices, the extent to which respondent micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have identified the green skills requirements and whether skills recognition mechanisms such as job cards or other portfolio systems have been put in place as part of recognition processes and workplace training programmes. This chapter begins by giving an overview of the Philippine economy and society and the role of MSMEs in four dynamically developing industry sectors namely, automotive, catering, PVC manufacturing and waste management. Given the environmental challenges and problems faced by enterprises in these sectors, the study looks at the extent to which the government’s green job policies, laws, qualifications framework, training regulations and standards address environmental challenges and problems faced by enterprises. The study thus examines connections between macro policies, rules, laws and regulations and micro-level application through practices and green skills and their recognition through recognition mechanisms.
Recommendations for Supporting Green Skills Inclusion in RVA
Authors: Pavlova Margarita , Singh Madhu
Published: August 2022

The analysis of the cases presented in Chap. 2 reveals that the richness of individual experiences, developed through environmentally friendly practices, should be captured in the RVA practices. Based on this analysis, this chapter recommends principles for the inclusion of green skills in the recognition, validation and accreditation of non-formal and informal learning in MSMEs. More specifically, it suggests a multi-dimensional approach (macro, meso, micro) that can be included in lifelong learning policies in the seven countries and one territory that participated in the study, but also to be used more broadly by policy makers. The proposed approach goes beyond narrow task-related skills and knowledge to include value-based behaviour and attitudes that are particularly relevant to green skills. Therefore, this chapter proposes recommendations that address the need to provide broad descriptors of knowledge, skills and competences as well as learning objectives that guarantee the future design and further development of RVA policies and practices based on the new opportunities offered in green economic restructuring and SDGs.
Exclusive production of a pair of high transverse momentum photons in pion-nucleon collisions for extracting generalized parton distributions
Authors: Qiu Jian-Wei , Yu Zhite
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We show that exclusive production of a pair of high transverse momentum photons in pion-nucleon collisions can be systematically studied in QCD factorization approach if the photon’s transverse momentum qT with respect to the colliding pion is much greater than ΛQCD. We demonstrate that the leading power non-perturbative contributions to the scattering amplitudes of this exclusive process are process-independent and can be systematically factorized into universal pion’s distribution amplitudes (DAs) and nucleon’s generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which are convoluted with corresponding infrared safe and perturbatively calculable short-distance hard parts. The correction to this factorized expression is suppressed by powers of 1/qT. We demonstrate quantitatively that this new type of exclusive processes is not only complementary to existing processes for extracting GPDs, but also capable of providing an enhanced sensitivity to the dependence of both DAs and GPDs on the active parton’s momentum fraction x. We also introduce additional, but the same type of exclusive observables to enhance our capability to explore GPDs, in particular, their x-dependence.
Neural network approximations for Calabi-Yau metrics
Authors: Jejjala Vishnu , Peña Damián Kaloni Mayorga , Mishra Challenger
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Ricci flat metrics for Calabi-Yau threefolds are not known analytically. In this work, we employ techniques from machine learning to deduce numerical flat metrics for K3, the Fermat quintic, and the Dwork quintic. This investigation employs a simple, modular neural network architecture that is capable of approximating Ricci flat Kähler metrics for Calabi-Yau manifolds of dimensions two and three. We show that measures that assess the Ricci flatness and consistency of the metric decrease after training. This improvement is corroborated by the performance of the trained network on an independent validation set. Finally, we demonstrate the consistency of the learnt metric by showing that it is invariant under the discrete symmetries it is expected to possess.
Integrated modeling of “soft” and “hard” variables in manufacturing
Authors: Afy-Shararah Mohamed , Salonitis Konstantinos
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a novel holistic modeling approach for investigating and analyzing the relationship of qualitative variables such as training and absenteeism with quantifiable shopfloor key performance indicators such as quality, inventory, and production rate. Soft variables, supervisor support and work environment, and their relationships with the hard variables, facility layout, and production strategies were investigated in this research. It was found in the literature that increasing absenteeism reduces the rate of production and causes a decrease in motivation, while training can increase the level of motivation if effective. A causal loop diagram was developed based on the evidence in the literature, and a system dynamics simulation model was created to depict these relations. It was confirmed that absenteeism affected the cycle time and motivation inversely, but it was not possible to always maintain a desired level of motivation. A discrete event simulation model was also built for the current and the future state maps of the production system. The model used output from the system dynamics model as its input to investigate the effects of the qualitative variables on the production system performance. This paper discusses in detail the stages of building the simulation models and the results recorded.
Ten years of dynamic co-management of a multi-species reef fishery
Authors: Smallhorn-West Patrick , Cohen Philippa J. , Kukiti Elton , Rabbitt Sheridan , Rikio Alik , Sori Frederick , Tapala Scotta , Warren Regon , Boso Delvene , Foale Simon
Published: August 2022

Co-management, a governance process whereby management responsibility is shared between resource users and other collaborators, is a mainstream approach for governing social and ecological aspects of small-scale fisheries. While many assessments of co-management are available for single time periods, assessments across longer time-scales are rare–meaning the dynamic nature, and long-term outcomes, of co-management are insufficiently understood. In this study we analyse ten-years of catch and effort data from a co-managed, multi-species reef fishery in Solomon Islands. To further understand social, ecological and management dynamics we also draw on interviews with fishers and managers that had been conducted throughout the same decade. We aimed to answer (1) what are the temporal trends in fishing effort, harvesting efficiency, and catch composition within and beyond a periodically-harvested closure (i.e. a principal and preferred management tool in Pacific island reef fisheries), and, (2) what are the internal and external drivers that acted upon the fishery, and its management. Despite high fishing effort within the periodically-harvested closure, catch per unit effort remained stable throughout the ten years. Yet the taxonomic composition of catch changed substantially as species targeted early in the decade became locally depleted. These observations indicate that both the frequency of harvesting and the volumes harvested may have outpaced the turnover rates of target species. We argue that this reflects a form of hyperstability whereby declining abundance is not apparent through catch per unit effort since it is masked by a shift to alternate species. While the community sustained and adapted their management arrangements over the decade as a response to internal pressures and some signs of resource changes, some external social and ecological drivers were beyond their capabilities to govern. We argue the collaborative, knowledge exchange, and learning aspects of adaptive co-management may need even more attention to deal with this complexity, particularly as local and distal pressures on multi-species fisheries and community governance intensify.

Graphical abstract
Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments
Authors: Cureau Roberta Jacoby , Pigliautile Ilaria , Kousis Ioannis , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: August 2022

Human comfort outdoors is widely investigated, but most studies explore the comfort domains singularly. This paper aimed to evaluate human comfort in parks, verifying the importance of using a multi-domain (simultaneously evaluating thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality) and multi-disciplinary (combining environmental and social fields) approach. A walk through a pre-defined path from one park to another was repeated twice per day on four consecutive days in June, with three participants per walk. The two investigated parks are in central Italy and were chosen because they differ in their design and spatial characteristics. Environmental data were recorded with an innovative wearable device during the whole walk, and surveys were used to assess people’s perceptions of the parks. Despite observed differences in collected physical parameters, the survey’s responses were similar, and different comfort domains showed dependence on each other in the two parks. Logistic regression models were developed for each park, and they revealed that the qualitative information predicted the overall comfort level more accurately than the environmental data. In detail, the models based on environmental data resulted in R2 equal to 0.126 and 0.111 in Parks 1 and 2, respectively, whereas using the survey answers increased it up to 0.820 (Park 1) and 0.806 (Park 2). This study contributes to addressing the gap in multi-domain comfort studies outdoors and confirms the importance of using multi-disciplinary and multi-domain approaches for a complete comfort analysis, supporting holistic human-biometeorology-oriented models and forecasting opportunities that can promote improvements in urban environmental quality and liveability.
Salivary film thickness and MUC5B levels at various intra-oral surfaces
Authors: Assy Z. , Jager D. H. J. , Brand H. S. , Bikker F. J.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In this study, we investigated the salivary film thickness and the MUC5B levels at various intra-oral locations in healthy volunteers, with a focus on the palate. Besides, measurements of the palatal surface area were included to explore the possible relationships between the palatal surface area and the palatal salivary film and MUC5B levels.

Materials and methods

The salivary film thickness was determined using filter strips, which were pressed to the mucosal surfaces of five different intra-oral locations; conductance was then analysed using a Periotron. After elution of the strips, the MUC5B levels at various intra-oral locations were determined using ELISA. The palatal surface area was measured using an intra-oral scanner. The surface area was subsequently calculated using the software.

Results

The anterior tongue had the thickest salivary film and also the highest levels of MUC5B, while the anterior palate had the thinnest salivary film and lowest MUC5B levels. There was no association between the palatal surface area and the salivary film thickness of the palate.

Conclusion

The salivary film and MUC5B levels are unequally distributed over the intra-oral regions of the soft tissues. The lack of association between the palatal surface area and the salivary film thickness indicates that a larger surface area is not associated with a relative thinner palatal salivary film.

Clinical relevance

The results of the current study increase our understanding of saliva distribution in the oral cavity and could be used as reference values for future studies.
On the determination and evolution of fabric in representative elementary volumes for a sand specimen in triaxial compression
Authors: Schmidt Selma , Wiebicke Max , Herle Ivo
Published: August 2022

The soil response in triaxial compression tests, that are commonly treated as element tests, is known to be inhomogeneous. Several studies have revealed the localisation of deformation throughout the whole specimen by digital image correlation techniques on X-ray tomographies. The fabric of a soil specimen has so far only been studied on complete specimens as a bulk measurement or in chosen subsets. In this contribution, we present a study on the spatial and temporal distribution of the fabric throughout one Hostun sand sample in triaxial compression. Therefore, we calibrated the minimum representative element size first for three chosen fabric variables considering three different criteria. By distributing the elements in a regular grid over the specimen, we are able to clearly identify the onset of the localisation in terms of void ratio, coordination number and contact fabric anisotropy. Spatially and temporally the contact fabric variables precede the void ratio changes as they are much more sensitive to small changes.

Graphical Abstract
Complexity of shift bribery for iterative voting rules
Authors: Maushagen Cynthia , Neveling Marc , Rothe Jörg , Selker Ann-Kathrin
Published: August 2022

In iterative voting systems, candidates are eliminated in consecutive rounds until either a fixed number of rounds is reached or the set of remaining candidates does not change anymore. We focus on iterative voting systems based on the positional scoring rules plurality, veto, and Borda and study their resistance against shift bribery attacks introduced by Elkind et al. [1] and Kaczmarczyk and Faliszewski [2]. In constructive shift bribery (Elkind et al. [1]), an attacker seeks to make a designated candidate win the election by bribing voters to shift this candidate in their preferences; in destructive shift bribery (Kaczmarczyk and Faliszewski [2]), the briber’s goal is to prevent this candidate’s victory. We show that many iterative voting systems are resistant to these types of attack, i.e., the corresponding decision problems are NP-hard. These iterative voting systems include iterated plurality as well as the voting rules due to Hare, Coombs, Baldwin, and Nanson; variants of Hare voting are also known as single transferable vote, instant-runoff voting, and alternative vote.
KIETA: Key-insight extraction from scientific tables
Authors: Kempf Sebastian , Krug Markus , Puppe Frank
Published: August 2022

An important but very time consuming part of the research process is literature review. An already large and nevertheless growing ground set of publications as well as a steadily increasing publication rate continue to worsen the situation. Consequently, automating this task as far as possible is desirable. Experimental results of systems are key-insights of high importance during literature review and usually represented in form of tables. Our pipeline KIETA exploits these tables to contribute to the endeavor of automation by extracting them and their contained knowledge from scientific publications. The pipeline is split into multiple steps to guarantee modularity as well as analyzability, and agnosticim regarding the specific scientific domain up until the knowledge extraction step, which is based upon an ontology. Additionally, a dataset of corresponding articles has been manually annotated with information regarding table and knowledge extraction. Experiments show promising results that signal the possibility of an automated system, while also indicating limits of extracting knowledge from tables without any context.
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow over ratchet roughness
Authors: Busse Angela , Zhdanov Oleksandr
Published: August 2022

The influence of the orientation of ratchet-type rough surfaces on their fluid dynamic roughness effect is investigated using direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow at $$Re_{\tau }=395$$

R

e
τ

=
395

. The ratchet length-to-height ratio is varied from $$\ell /k=2$$

ℓ
/
k
=
2

to 16 for a fixed ratchet height of $$k/\delta =0.1$$

k
/
δ
=
0.1

where $$\delta$$
δ
is the mean channel half-height. The results show that both roughness function and mean flow and turbulence statistics strongly depend on the ratchet orientation. Existing empirical formulae, which estimate the roughness function $$\Delta U^+$$

Δ

U
+

or the equivalent sand-grain roughness $$k_s$$

k
s

based on surface-slope related parameters such as the effective slope or the Sigal-Danberg parameter, fail to accurately predict the differences between ratchet surfaces with high windward slopes and ratchet surfaces with high leeward slopes.
Thirty years of artificial intelligence and law: the third decade
Authors: Villata Serena , Araszkiewicz Michal , Ashley Kevin , Bench-Capon Trevor , Branting L. Karl , Conrad Jack G. , Wyner Adam
Published: August 2022

The first issue of Artificial Intelligence and Law journal was published in 1992. This paper offers some commentaries on papers drawn from the Journal’s third decade. They indicate a major shift within Artificial Intelligence, both generally and in AI and Law: away from symbolic techniques to those based on Machine Learning approaches, especially those based on Natural Language texts rather than feature sets. Eight papers are discussed: two concern the management and use of documents available on the World Wide Web, and six apply machine learning techniques to a variety of legal applications.
Influence of Genetic and Epigenetic Factors of P2Y12 Receptor on the Safety and Efficacy of Antiplatelet Drugs
Authors: Danielak Dorota , Pawlak Kornel , Główka Franciszek , Karaźniewicz-Łada Marta
Published: August 2022

Purpose

P2Y12 receptor inhibitors are drugs that decrease the risk of stent thrombosis and lower the long-term risk of non-stent-related myocardial infarction and stroke. They inhibit the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the P2Y12 receptor and effectively reduce platelet reactivity. However, considerable variability in the pharmacodynamics response contributes to a failure of antiplatelet therapy; this phenomenon is especially notorious for older drugs, such as clopidogrel. Some genetic polymorphisms associated with these drugs’ metabolic pathway, especially in the CYP2C19 gene, can significantly decrease antiplatelet efficacy. There are few reports on the variability stemming from the target of this drug class that is the P2Y12 receptor itself.

Results and conclusion

This review summarizes the results of research that focus on the influence of P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacodynamics and the efficacy of P2Y12 inhibitors. We found that the conclusions of the studies are unequivocal, and despite several strong candidates, such as G52T (rs6809699) or T744C (rs2046934), they may not be independent predictors of the inadequate response to the drug. Most probably, P2Y12 genetic polymorphisms contribute to the effect exerted by other gene variants (such as CYP2C19*2/*3/*17), drug interactions, or patient habits, such as smoking. Also, epigenetic modifications, such as methylation or miRNA levels, may play a role in the efficacy of antiplatelet treatment.
Image sets of perfectly nonlinear maps
Authors: Kölsch Lukas , Kriepke Björn , Kyureghyan Gohar M.
Published: August 2022

We consider image sets of differentially d-uniform maps of finite fields. We present a lower bound on the image size of such maps and study their preimage distribution. Further, we focus on a particularly interesting case of APN maps on binary fields $$\mathbb {F}_{2^n}$$

F

2
n

. We show that APN maps with the minimal image size are very close to being 3-to-1. We prove that for n even the image sets of several important families of APN maps are minimal, and as a consequence they have the classical Walsh spectrum. Finally, we present upper bounds on the image size of APN maps. For a non-bijective almost bent map f, these results imply $$\frac{2^n+1}{3}+1 \le |{\text {Im}}(f)| \le 2^n-2^{(n-1)/2}$$

2
n

+
1

3

+
1
≤

|
Im

(
f
)

|

≤

2
n

-

2

(
n
-
1
)
/
2

.
Pooling of Wealth in Marriage: The Role of Premarital Cohabitation
Authors: Vitali Agnese , Fraboni Romina
Published: August 2022

Previous studies documented the existence of a ‘cohabitation–marriage gap’ in resource pooling among opposite-sex partners, with cohabiters being more likely to separate income and wealth than married individuals. Surprisingly, despite many non-marital cohabitations transform into marriages, we know little about income and wealth pooling of ‘spousal cohabiters’, i.e. spouses who transition to marriage after experiencing a period of non-marital cohabitation. The comparison between ‘spousal cohabiters’ and directly married spouses is particularly interesting because it offers a litmus test of theories of marriage in relation to how and why economic resources are differently distributed within married vs. cohabiting couples. This paper compares directly married couples and ‘spousal cohabiters’ in Italy, focusing on one aspect of resource pooling: the marital property regime, i.e. the choice made at the time of marriage between joint or separate ownership of wealth accumulated during marriage. Competing hypotheses are developed on the basis of the arguments that marriage yields legal protection, that selection mechanisms drive both the choice of community vs. separation of property and direct marriage vs. premarital cohabitation, and that, by inertia, ‘spousal cohabiters’ continue to separate resources upon transition to marriage. Results based on the 2016 Italian ‘Family and social subjects’ survey show that ‘spousal cohabiters’ are significantly more likely to choose separation of property compared to directly married spouses. Such differences, however, are drastically reduced once relevant confounders are controlled for, hence suggesting that existing differences between directly married and previously cohabiting couples and, more generally, differences between married and cohabiting couples are driven, above all, by selection mechanisms.
Wealth Accumulation and the Gender Wealth Gap Across Couples’ Legal Statuses and Matrimonial Property Regimes in France
Authors: Frémeaux Nicolas , Leturcq Marion
Published: August 2022

This paper examines wealth accumulation among couple-headed households and investigates changes in within-household inequality over time and across couple statuses. Going beyond previous research that mostly studies wealth accumulation within marriages by comparing married with unmarried individuals, we consider the legal statuses of couples (cohabitation, civil union, and marriage) and property regimes (community and separate property). We apply multivariate regression analysis to high-quality longitudinal data from the French wealth survey (2015–2018) and find no differences in net worth accumulation between couples’ legal statuses when property regimes are not accounted for. However, couples with a separate property regime accumulate more wealth than couples with a community property regime, and married couples with a separate property regime drive this association. Our results show that the gender wealth gap is larger for couples with a separate property regime, but it is partially compensated by accumulated wealth. Our results highlight the importance of legal statuses and property regimes in explaining the dynamics of between- and within-household inequality in France, specifically within a context of increasingly diversified marital trajectories.
Short report: Experiences of Caregivers Participating in a Telehealth Evaluation of Development for Infants (TEDI)
Authors: Talbott Meagan R. , Lang Ellisa , Avila Felipe , Dufek Sarah , Young Gregory
Published: August 2022

A growing literature supports the feasibility and validity of telehealth-based assessments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Better understanding families’ experiences is crucial for sustained use beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. This study qualitatively examines caregiver experiences with the Telehealth Evaluation of Development for Infants (TEDI) protocol to better understand benefits and challenges of telehealth-based evaluations. Caregivers (N = 32) completed an online survey following a telehealth-based evaluation with their 6–12 month-old infants. Open-ended text responses to queries about perceived benefits, challenges, and suggestions for future adaptations were coded. Most caregivers reported positive experiences with minor feedback relating to tailoring of individual needs. Responses suggest the TEDI is a feasible approach and provide guidance for components of successful telehealth evaluations more broadly.
Parenting a Child with Learning Disabilities: Mothers’ Self-Forgiveness, Well-Being, and Parental Behaviors
Authors: Finardi Giorgia , Paleari F. Giorgia , Fincham Frank D.
Published: August 2022

Parenting a child with learning disabilities (LDs) can not only be a fulfilling experience, but also a challenging one which can increase parenting stress as well as impair parenting self-efficacy, parental psychological well-being and interactions with the child. Informed by the parenting three-term causal model and the parenting stress model, the present research explored whether self-forgiveness was inversely associated to these undesirable outcomes in mothers of a child with specific LDs. Mothers’ self-forgiveness for perceived failures in dealing with the child’s disabilities was expected to be associated with their psychological well-being and their parental behaviors and relation with the child, both directly and indirectly through parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. The hypothesized direct and indirect associations were assumed to be moderated by partner support. Data were obtained cross-sectionally from 92 mothers (M age = 43) of children (M age = 12) with diagnosed specific LDs. Self-forgiveness, conceived as a bi-dimensional construct, related to greater psychological well-being and to more accepting and less rejecting behaviors toward the child. For the negative dimension of self-forgiveness, these relations were mediated by parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy, whereas for the positive dimension of self-forgiveness the hypothesized mediational model was supported only for mothers who reported poor support from their partner. The implications for programs designed for parents of children with LDs are noted and several avenues for future research are described.
Determination of $$\alpha $$–$$\alpha $$ interaction from experiment
Authors: Apagyi B.
Published: August 2022

Fixed-energy quantum inversion method is applied to determine model independent $$\alpha $$
α
-particle scattering potentials within the energy range between 0 and 50 MeV. Only experimentally allowed even phase shifts are used in the calculation. Detailed results exhibited at low and higher energies show up a large interaction domain, a thin strong Pauli-blocking part and a smooth merging region between the colliding particles. Over-all agreement between input and re-calculated phase shifts justifies the procedure.
Dexmedetomidine Ameliorated Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice with Possible Relation to the Anti-inflammatory Effect Through the Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine System
Authors: Li Gang , Zhou Jun , Wei Jicheng , Liu Bin
Published: August 2022

Cognitive impairment is a common central nervous system complication that occurs following surgery or organs damage outside the nervous system. Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine alleviates neuroinflammation and reduces cognitive dysfunction incidence; however, the mechanism by which dexmedetomidine alleviates cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. This study evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine on attenuation of early cognitive impairment induced by intestinal ischemia–reperfusion in mice and examined whether the locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LCNE) system participates in the anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine. The superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 45 min to induce intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine alone or combined with DSP-4, a selective locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurotoxin, was used for pretreatment. Postoperative cognition was assessed using the Morris water maze. Serum and hippocampal levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, norepinephrine (NE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the locus coeruleus, hippocampal microglia, and intestinal injury. Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine alleviated intestinal injury and decreased the serum and hippocampal levels of NE, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA at 24 h after intestinal ischemia reperfusion, decreased TH-positive neurons in the locus coeruleus, and ameliorated cognitive impairment. Similarly, DSP-4 pre-treatment alleviated neuroinflammation and improved cognitive function. Furthermore, α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist atipamezole or yohimbine administration diminished the neuroprotective effects and improved cognitive function with dexmedetomidine. Therefore, dexmedetomidine attenuated early cognitive dysfunction induced by intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effects through the LCNE system.
Adding a constant to the variables in the regression through the origin: the effect on the uncentered $$R^2$$
Authors: Triacca Umberto
Published: August 2022

It is well known the effect on uncentered $$R^2$$

R
2

stemming from adding a constant to dependent variable in a linear regression model with intercept. In this paper, we investigate the effect of adding a constant to variables on the uncentered $$R^2$$

R
2

when a linear regression through the origin is used. In particular, we consider two cases. First, a constant $$c \in \mathbb {R}$$

c
∈
R

is added to all observations of the dependent variable. Second, a constant $$c \in \mathbb {R}$$

c
∈
R

is added to all the observations of both the dependent variable and at least an independent variable. We show that in both cases there is an artificial variation of the uncentered $$R^2$$

R
2

. This quantity is not invariant under location change.
Fitting double hierarchical models with the integrated nested Laplace approximation
Authors: Morales-Otero Mabel , Gómez-Rubio Virgilio , Núñez-Antón Vicente
Published: August 2022

Double hierarchical generalized linear models (DHGLM) are a family of models that are flexible enough as to model hierarchically the mean and scale parameters. In a Bayesian framework, fitting highly parameterized hierarchical models is challenging when this problem is addressed using typical Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods due to the potential high correlation between different parameters and effects in the model. The integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) could be considered instead to avoid dealing with these problems. However, DHGLM do not fit within the latent Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models that INLA can fit. In this paper, we show how to fit DHGLM with INLA by combining INLA and importance sampling (IS) algorithms. In particular, we will illustrate how to split DHGLM into submodels that can be fitted with INLA so that the remainder of the parameters are fit using adaptive multiple IS (AMIS) with the aid of the graphical representation of the hierarchical model. This is illustrated using a simulation study on three different types of models and two real data examples.
Extracting the collective wisdom in probabilistic judgments
Authors: Peker Cem
Published: August 2022

How should we combine disagreeing expert judgments on the likelihood of an event? A common solution is simple averaging, which allows independent individual errors to cancel out. However, judgments can be correlated due to an overlap in their information, resulting in a miscalibration in the simple average. Optimal weights for weighted averaging are typically unknown and require past data to estimate reliably. This paper proposes an algorithm to aggregate probabilistic judgments under shared information. Experts are asked to report a prediction and a meta-prediction. The latter is an estimate of the average of other individuals’ predictions. In a Bayesian setup, I show that if average prediction is a consistent estimator, the percentage of predictions and meta-predictions that exceed the average prediction should be the same. An “overshoot surprise” occurs when the two measures differ. The Surprising Overshoot algorithm uses the information revealed in an overshoot surprise to correct for miscalibration in the average prediction. Experimental evidence suggests that the algorithm performs well in moderate to large samples and in aggregation problems where individuals disagree in their predictions.