bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community–academic partnerships in implementation research
Authors: Pellecchia Melanie , Mandell David S. , Nuske Heather J. , Azad Gazi , Benjamin Wolk Courtney , Maddox Brenna B. , Reisinger Erica M. , Skriner Laura C. , Adams Danielle R. , Stewart Rebecca , Hadley Trevor , Beidas Rinad S.
Published: April 2018

Community–academic partnerships(CAPs) are a critical component of implementing and sustaining evidence‐based practices (EBPs) in community settings; however, the approaches used and mechanisms of change within CAPs have not been rigorously studied. The first step to advancing the science of CAP is to operationally define and contextualize the approaches used in CAP as part of the implementation process. Our research group has gleaned valuable lessons about the best ways to develop, support, and nurture community partnerships within the context of implementation. In this article, we share these lessons learned and relate them to implementation strategies that are most relevant to community‐partnered implementation endeavors. The implementation strategies most relevant to CAPs are as follows: (a) building a coalition, (b) conducting local consensus discussions, (c) identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation, (d) facilitating interactive problem solving, (e) using an advisory board or workgroup, (f) tailoring strategies, (g) promoting adaptability, and (h) auditing and providing feedback. We offer suggestions for future research to systematically evaluate these strategies, with an eye toward advancing the science of CAP and implementation science and the goal of guiding future research and improving the implementation of EBPs in community settings.
Ultrastructure of sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of the adult Xylotrechus grayii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Zhu Xiu , Qiao Haili , Liu Sai , Xu Changqing , Xu Rong , Zhan Wenhui , Li Jianling , Guo Kun , Chen Jun
Published: April 2018

The longhorn beetle, Xylotrechus grayii (White, 1855), is a serious woodborer pest of many economic and medicinal plants. The maxillary and labial palps of X. grayii adults are strongly involved in mating and host selection behaviors. To further develop control strategies of the pest, sensilla on the palps were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Five types of sensilla (nine subtypes) were identified: sensilla styloconica (four subtypes, Sty1‐4), sensilla chaetica (2 subtypes, SC1‐2), sensilla digitiformia (Di), sensilla basiconica (Ba), and Böhm sensilla (Bm). Sty and Ba have dendrites and wall pores. SC2 has a tubular body. Di exist only on the terminal segment of the maxillary palp. Sty numbers are the highest in both palps, followed by SC. The number of sensilla in the maxillary palp is significantly higher than that in the labial palp. There are no significant sexual differences in sensilla types, characteristics, distribution, and quantity in the maxillary or labial palps, except for the number of SC sensilla on the maxillary palp. Sensilla functions were compared with correlative sensilla in previous studies. Sty may be sense gustation and olfaction stimulation, while SC are mechanoreceptors. Ba are likely thermo‐ and hygroreceptors. The phylliform depression area formed by Di may exert multiple functions. Bm may sense palp position and movement. These results contribute to the study of the electrophysiology and behavior mechanisms of X. grayii.
Human adaptations to climatic change in Liguria across the Middle–Upper Paleolithic transition
Authors: Riel‐Salvatore Julien , Negrino Fabio
Published: April 2018

There has been much focus on the disruptive effects of dramatic climatic shifts on Paleolithic population dynamics, but the topic of cultural continuity across such events has been less intensely investigated, despite its importance to the way archeologists think about the ways humans have interacted with their environment in the past. This paper presents data from western Liguria (Italy) and especially the site of Riparo Bombrini, to investigate the nature of the apparent resilience of the Proto‐Aurignacian technocomplex in the face of the Phlegrean Fields super‐eruption ca. 40 000 cal a BP and the general climatic instability during Marine Isotope Stage 3. While the Proto‐Aurignacian shows some internal variability that could reflect an adaptation to changing environmental conditions, overall it remains very stable in terms of its techno‐typology and social geography across these events. Additionally, the radiocarbon chronology for the site clearly shows that the Proto‐Aurignacian outlasts both the super‐eruption and Heinrich Event 4 as a whole, by as much as 2000 years. Comparisons with the regional Mousterian record indicate that the Proto‐Aurignacian marks the advent of a new way for humans to respond to climatic change, which opens up new avenues to reflect on the disappearance of the Mousterian.
Tribological Behaviour of Diisobutyl Polysulphide as an Extreme‐Pressure Additive in a Diester Synthetic Lubricant
Authors: Shao H.Y. , Liu Y.M. , Fu X.S. , Ren T.H.
Published: April 2018

A potentially good extreme‐pressure (EP) additive, diisobutyl polysulphide (PS‐i‐Bu), the main component of which is diisobutyl trisulphide, was synthesised at low temperature and under atmospheric pressure. Its load‐carrying capacity (PB and PD values) and antiwear and antifriction performance as an additive in a diester synthetic lubricant were investigated using four‐ball test machines, and compared with those for traditional sulphurised olefin (SO). Results show that the novel PS‐i‐Bu as an EP additive exhibits good load‐carrying capacity and antiwear properties. The load‐carrying capacity and antifriction performance of PS‐i‐Bu are better than those of the traditional SO; the antiwear performance of PS‐i‐Bu is slightly worse than that of the traditional SO. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data show that the PS‐i‐Bu additive undergoes similar tribochemical reactions to the traditional SO during the tribological process. The active element S in PS‐i‐Bu reacts with surface metal mainly to form FeSO4 and/or Fe2(SO4)3 inorganic films.
Totally minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Long‐term oncologic outcomes
Authors: Lubbers Merel , van Det Marc J. , Kreuger Mariska J. , Hoekstra Ronald , Hendriksen Ellen M. , Vermeer Marloes , Kouwenhoven Ewout A.
Published: April 2018

Background and Objectives

Minimally invasive esophagectomy is emerging with comparable short‐term outcomes as open esophagectomies. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is considered standard of care in the Netherlands for patients with esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the long‐term oncologic outcome after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by totally minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Methods

Neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel based chemotherapy was concomitantly given with 41.4 Gy radiotherapy. Six weeks after neoadjuvant treatment, totally minimally invasive esophagectomy was performed.

Results

From December 2010 until December 2015 161 patients received this combination of treatment. In 128 male and 33 female patients with median age of 65 years (58‐71), 88 minimally invasive esophagectomies with intrathoracic anastomosis and 73 minimally invasive esophagectomies with cervical anastomosis were carried out. Radical (R0) resection was confirmed in 156 patients (97%). In hospital mortality occurred in 6 patients (3.7%). Overall survival was 79% and 51% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, with a median follow‐up of 24.5 months (13‐38). Disease‐free survival was, respectively, 76% and 55%.

Conclusions

Totally minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer is a safe treatment with low postoperative mortality rates and favorable overall and disease‐free survival.
Interfirm ties and knowledge transfer: The moderating role of absorptive capacity of managers
Authors: Khachlouf Nada , Quélin Bertrand V.
Published: April 2018

Through the lens of social capital perspective, this paper assesses how individuals' interactions and their learning capabilities explain the transfer of good practices in an interorganizational network. Primary data were collected from export consortia in Tunisia through a questionnaire survey. The research underlines the impact of the strength and the range of ties between managers. It is also found that managers' absorptive capacity moderates the impact of the strength of ties. This study considers the individual's behavior at the heart of the knowledge transfer process and suggests a substitution effect between the strength of social ties and individual's absorptive capacity.
Consumer-Driven Depletion of the Northern Diamondback Terrapin in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Walker Raven D. , Jones Glenn A.
Published: April 2018

The northern diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin terrapin was a popular food item that rose to gastronomical fame in the Chesapeake Bay region from the 1870s to 1910s. This study presents a quantitative analysis of the northern terrapin fishery by using data from historical fishery reports, contemporary newspapers, and restaurant menus to show that inflation-adjusted prices experienced a fourfold to fivefold increase over 40 years. Wholesale market prices began declining in the early 1900s, and by the 1920s, northern diamondback terrapins were rarely listed in newspapers. Subsequently, restaurant prices began falling in the 1910s; by the late 1970s, northern diamondback terrapins were no longer listed on menus. Market declines had previously been attributed to the 1920 implementation of Prohibition (Volstead Act of 1919); however, we observed a closer relationship to the Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917. This study provides an example of an estuarine species that experienced one of the most rapid and greatest increases in price, followed by commercial extirpation in less than 40 years.
Numbers and Biomass of Natural- and Hatchery-Origin Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean, 1925–2015
Authors: Ruggerone Gregory T. , Irvine James R.
Published: April 2018

Numerical abundance and biomass values presented here for Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Chum Salmon O. keta, and Sockeye Salmon O. nerka in the North Pacific Ocean span 90 years (1925–2015), representing the most comprehensive compilation of these data to date. In contrast to less populous species of salmon, these species are more abundant now than ever, averaging 665 × 106 adult salmon each year (1.32 × 106 metric tons) during 1990–2015. When immature salmon are included, recent biomass estimates approach 5 × 106 metric tons. Following an initial peak during 1934–1943, abundances were low until the 1977 regime shift benefited each species. During 1990–2015, Pink Salmon dominated adult abundance (67% of total) and biomass (48%), followed by Chum Salmon (20%, 35%) and Sockeye Salmon (13%, 17%). Alaska produced approximately 39% of all Pink Salmon, 22% of Chum Salmon, and 69% of Sockeye Salmon, while Japan and Russia produced most of the remainder. Although production of natural-origin salmon is currently high due to generally favorable ocean conditions in northern regions, approximately 60% of Chum Salmon, 15% of Pink Salmon, and 4% of Sockeye Salmon during 1990–2015 were of hatchery origin. Alaska generated 68% and 95% of hatchery Pink Salmon and Sockeye Salmon, respectively, while Japan produced 75% of hatchery Chum Salmon. Salmon abundance in large areas of Alaska (Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska), Russia (Sakhalin and Kuril islands), Japan, and South Korea are dominated by hatchery salmon. During 1990–2015, hatchery salmon represented approximately 40% of the total biomass of adult and immature salmon in the ocean. Density-dependent effects are apparent, and carrying capacity may have been reached in recent decades, but interaction effects between hatchery- and natural-origin salmon are difficult to quantify, in part because these fish are rarely separated in catch and escapement statistics. The following management changes are recommended: (1) mark or tag hatchery salmon so that they can be identified after release, (2) estimate hatchery- and natural-origin salmon in catches and escapement, and (3) maintain these statistics in publicly accessible databases.
Randomized, clinical trial of RT001: Early signals of efficacy in Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: Zesiewicz Theresa , Heerinckx Frederic , De Jager Robert , Omidvar Omid , Kilpatrick Marcus , Shaw Jessica , Shchepinov Mikhail S.
Published: April 2018

Background

RT001 is a deuterated ethyl linoleate that inhibits lipid peroxidation and is hypothesized to reduce cellular damage and recover mitochondrial function in degenerative diseases such as Friedreich's ataxia.

Objective

To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of RT001 in Friedreich's ataxia patients.

Design/Methods

We conducted a phase I/II double‐blind, comparator‐controlled trial with 2 doses of RT001 in Friedreich's ataxia patients (9 subjects each cohort). Subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive either RT001 (1.8 or 9.0 g/day), or a matching dose of nondeuterated ethyl linoleate as comparator for 28 days. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic analysis. Secondary endpoints included cardiopulmonary exercise testing and timed 25‐foot walk.

Results

Nineteen patients enrolled in the trial, and 18 completed all safety and efficacy measurements. RT001 was found to be safe and tolerable, with plasma levels approaching saturation by 28 days. One subject with a low body mass index experienced steatorrhea taking a high dose and discontinued the study. Deuterated arachidonic acid (a brain‐penetrant metabolite of RT001) was found to be present in plasma on day 28. There was an improvement in peak workload in the drug group compared to placebo (0.16 watts/kg; P = 0.008), as well as an improvement trend in peak oxygen consumption (change of 0.16 L/min; P = 0.116), and in stride speed (P = 0.15).

Conclusions

RT001 was found to be safe and tolerable over 28 days, and improved peak workload. Further research into the effect of RT001 in Friedreich's ataxia is warranted. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Lewy body disorders: Status and relevance for clinical trials
Authors: Siderowf Andrew , Aarsland Dag , Mollenhauer Brit , Goldman Jennifer G. , Ravina Bernard
Published: April 2018

Biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and prognosis, and guide clinical treatment decisions. In research, biomarkers can be used for patient selection and as outcome measures in clinical trials. A range of biochemical and imaging biomarkers are relevant to patients with Lewy body disorders, including PD, PD dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Dopaminergic imaging is used for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders versus tremor disorders without dopamingeric deficits, and also to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease. Markers of underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology have been applied to PD patients experiencing cognitive decline to determine the extent of mixed pathology in these cases. Assessment of alpha‐synuclein species in spinal fluid is possible, and more specific assays attempt to identify alpha‐synuclein aggregates or phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein. While alpha‐synuclein markers are intended to measure the pathology most central to PD dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, convincing evidence of robust reliability and validity from multiple laboratories is lacking. Similarly, alpha‐synuclein imaging by PET or single‐photon emission computed tomography, while an important research goal, is not yet available. In addition to their uses in the clinic, biomarkers have natural uses in therapeutic trials that target cognitive and neuropsychiatric features of Lewy body disorders. The biomarkers most likely to be incorporated into trials are dopaminergic and amyloid imaging for the purpose of accurate patient selection, and possibly to demonstrate the utility of antiamyloid treatments in Lewy body disorders patients with mixed pathology. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Establishing Stock Status Determination Criteria for Fisheries with High Discards and Uncertain Recruitment
Authors: Goethel Daniel R. , Smith Matthew W. , Cass-Calay Shannon L. , Porch Clay E.
Published: April 2018

Maximum sustainable yield (MSY)-based reference points are often prescribed by national and international laws as the basis for catch limits (e.g., the Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act in the United States). However, MSY is highly dependent on the assumed selectivity pattern and catch allocation of the fisheries. The addition of bycatch fleets or mortality from discarding further complicates MSY calculations, and no prescribed approach has been agreed upon for including complex fleet dynamics in dynamic pool models. Using the Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus fishery as an example, we demonstrate the various ways that MSY can be computed when multiple fleets and bycatch fisheries exist, and we illustrate the tradeoffs that occur between yield and spawning stock biomass (SSB). Presenting the full array of alternative MSY proxies, however, can lead to subjective decision making that may diminish the value of scientific advice by encouraging the maximization of yield at the expense of maintaining stocks within safe biological limits. We propose that the spawning potential ratio (SPR) associated with the global (theoretical maximum) MSY can be utilized as a reasonable proxy in most fishery applications. The yield streams required to achieve SPRMSY can then be calculated conditional on extant selectivity patterns and bycatch levels. Our approach utilizes the inherently sustainable SSB associated with the global MSY as a rebuilding target while limiting disruption to the fishery by accounting for current fleet dynamics and avoiding unsustainable proxies that may result when bycatch or discard rates are high.
Relative Effects of Density Dependence versus Environmental Factors on Bluegill Populations
Authors: Bevil Matthew C. , Weber Michael J.
Published: April 2018

Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus is a common inhabitant of freshwater systems across many parts of North America. Their broad geographical distribution and intermediate trophic level expose Bluegills to a range of conditions and allow populations to be influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors that can result in a wide array of population characteristics. Fifty natural lakes and impoundments across Iowa were sampled to investigate relationships between Bluegill relative abundance with size structure and condition. We then investigated potential effects of biotic (food availability and predator assemblage) and abiotic (water quality, lake morphometry, and watershed characteristics) factors that may broadly influence Bluegill populations. Neither Bluegill size structure nor condition were related to Bluegill abundance. Instead, Bluegill abundance increased with Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides abundance, watershed : lake surface area, and turbidity and decreased with the N:P ratio. Bluegill size increased with Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus abundance and decreased with Cyclopoida density, whereas Bluegill condition increased with Largemouth Bass and Common Carp Cyprinus carpio abundance, but decreased with Largemouth Bass size and lake depth. Our results suggest that density dependence is not an important factor regulating Bluegill populations in Iowa. Instead, identifying environmental factors associated with variation in Bluegill populations can provide insights toward management of these important fish.
Juvenile Life History Diversity and Freshwater Productivity of Chinook Salmon in the Green River, Washington
Authors: Anderson Joseph H. , Topping Peter C.
Published: April 2018

Life history diversity and productivity are key metrics used to evaluate the status of salmon populations. In this paper, we use long-term monitoring data from spawning escapement and a rotary screw trap to describe juvenile migration strategies and identify factors affecting freshwater productivity of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha inhabiting the Green River, Washington. Similar to other populations in Puget Sound, Green River Chinook Salmon exhibit two distinct pulses of downstream, subyearling, juvenile migration. Small-bodied fry move downstream in late winter shortly after emergence (peaking in March), whereas larger-bodied parr migrate downstream after spending some time rearing and growing in freshwater (peaking in late May or early June). A series of stock–recruit models demonstrated that the production of parr was density dependent, as the Green River reaches rearing capacity at most observed spawner abundances and river conditions. By contrast, the production of fry was density independent. Furthermore, several river discharge metrics were significantly related to Chinook Salmon productivity. Total juvenile production was lower in years when incubating embryos experienced high-magnitude peak flows, most likely due to redd scour. Parr productivity was greater in years with higher discharge during the spring (April–June), which we hypothesize is related to increased accessibility of side channels for rearing and/or increased survival during migration. Combined, these results suggest that restoration of juvenile rearing habitats offers substantial potential benefits to parr productivity. Setting escapement goals for fishery planning that consider freshwater habitat capacity and life history diversity will largely depend on the relative marine survival of the fry and parr migration strategies. Our analysis also provides insight to managing water at an upstream dam to benefit Chinook Salmon productivity, though any such strategy faces trade-offs with other fish conservation goals and will be constrained by the dam's primary purpose of reducing flood risk.
Recapture Rates and Size Selectivity of Muskellunge by Anglers Within Two Minnesota Fisheries
Authors: Bahr Derek L. , Carlson Andrew J. , Baird Owen E. , Ward Matthew C.
Published: April 2018

Increases in catch-and-release practices in addition to angler engagement in management activities to evaluate and improve the trophy potential of Muskellunge Esox masquinongy fisheries have become prevalent in recent decades. An expectation of conservative angling practices and regulations is that released fish can be recaptured by anglers at a later time and potentially at a larger size. Although several studies have evaluated Muskellunge recapture rates, no studies have estimated the number of recaptured Muskellunge relative to the number present in the population. Additionally, few studies have evaluated angling size selectivity and the potential benefits or biases of incorporating those data into traditional Muskellunge assessments. This study evaluated the proportion of Muskellunge that were caught and recaptured relative to the population estimates in two Minnesota water bodies and the potential length-related bias from angler-caught fish. Data were obtained from traditional sampling gears (i.e., trap netting, boat electrofishing) and angling by volunteer anglers in the Mississippi and Crow Wing rivers and Baby and Man lakes. Participating anglers captured 11–22% of the population, of which 1–3% were subsequently recaptured at both sites annually. Recaptured fish accounted for 5–16% of the annual catch. At the Mississippi River site, proportionally larger fish were angled compared with the modeled population size structure, whereas angler catch from Baby and Man lakes was similar to the modeled size structure, likely due to the differing techniques used by anglers in the two water bodies. A more thorough understanding of recapture rates and size selectivity may be particularly important when managing a low-density species as angling pressure and angler involvement in management activities increase.
Population Viability Improves Following Termination of Coho Salmon Hatchery Releases
Authors: Jones Kim K. , Cornwell Trevan J. , Bottom Daniel L. , Stein Staci , Anlauf-Dunn Kara J.
Published: April 2018

Recent genetic studies, meta-analyses, and retrospective analyses have documented reduced productivity of wild salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that interbreed with hatchery-reared fish, raising concerns about the long-term viability and recovery of at-risk stocks. In 2007, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife discontinued a Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch hatchery program at the Salmon River to support recovery of a wild Coho Salmon population in the Oregon Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit. This decision constituted a unique management “experiment,” allowing for direct measurement of the wild population's response after the discontinuation of a decades-old hatchery program. We used a before–after, control–impact design to examine whether selected viability metrics of the naturally produced population in the Salmon River changed after the hatchery program ended. We compared metrics for the 2006–2013 broods, representing periods after the hatchery program ended, to those for the 1995–2005 broods, when the hatchery program was still releasing 200,000 smolts annually. We also examined neighboring populations during similar time periods to account for changes or variation due to other factors. Although hatchery-origin spawners previously had accounted for most of the adults returning to the Salmon River, the naturally produced population did not collapse, and two viability metrics improved significantly after the Coho Salmon hatchery program ended: (1) adult abundance increased and (2) spawn timing expanded and moved closer to the historical timing. Recruits-to-spawner ratios in the Salmon River, although initially low, are now approximately equal to those of neighboring populations. The results indicate that hatchery closure can be an effective strategy to promote wild population recovery. However, considerable variability in population trends and environmental conditions will require continued monitoring to verify the long-term resilience and viability of the wild population.
A geometrically exact isogeometric Kirchhoff plate: Feature‐preserving automatic meshing and C1 rational triangular Bézier spline discretizations
Authors: Liu Ning , Jeffers Ann E.
Published: April 2018

The analysis of the Kirchhoff plate is performed using rational Bézier triangles in isogeometric analysis coupled with a feature‐preserving automatic meshing algorithm. Isogeometric analysis employs the same basis function for geometric design as well as for numerical analysis. The proposed approach also features an automatic meshing algorithm that admits localized geometric features (eg, small geometric details and sharp corners) with high resolution. Moreover, the use of rational triangular Bézier splines for domain triangulation significantly increases the flexibility in discretizing spaces bounded by complicated nonuniform rational B‐spline curves. To raise the global continuity to C1 for the solution of the plate bending problem, Lagrange multipliers are leveraged to impose continuity constraints. The proposed approach also manipulates the control points at domain boundaries in such a way that the geometry is exactly described. A number of numerical examples consisting of static bending and free vibration analysis of thin plates bounded by complicated nonuniform rational B‐spline curves are used to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach.
A novel contact interaction formulation for voxel‐based micro‐finite‐element models of bone
Authors: Bhattacharya P. , Betts D. , van Lenthe G. H.
Published: April 2018

Voxel‐based micro‐finite‐element (μFE) models are used extensively in bone mechanics research. A major disadvantage of voxel‐based μFE models is that voxel surface jaggedness causes distortion of contact‐induced stresses. Past efforts in resolving this problem have only been partially successful, ie, mesh smoothing failed to preserve uniformity of the stiffness matrix, resulting in (excessively) larger solution times, whereas reducing contact to a bonded interface introduced spurious tensile stresses at the contact surface. This paper introduces a novel “smooth” contact formulation that defines gap distances based on an artificial smooth surface representation while using the conventional penalty contact framework. Detailed analyses of a sphere under compression demonstrated that the smooth formulation predicts contact‐induced stresses more accurately than the bonded contact formulation. When applied to a realistic bone contact problem, errors in the smooth contact result were under 2%, whereas errors in the bonded contact result were up to 42.2%. We conclude that the novel smooth contact formulation presents a memory‐efficient method for contact problems in voxel‐based μFE models. It presents the first method that allows modeling finite slip in large‐scale voxel meshes common to high‐resolution image‐based models of bone while keeping the benefits of a fast and efficient voxel‐based solution scheme.
Authorship grids: Practical tools to facilitate collaboration and ethical publication
Authors: Phillippi Julia C. , Likis Frances E. , Tilden Ellen L.
Published: April 2018

Publication of new findings and approaches in peer‐reviewed journals is fundamental to advancing science. As interprofessional, team‐based scientific publication becomes more common, authors need tools to guide collaboration and ethical authorship. We present three forms of authorship grids that are based on national and international author recommendations, including guidelines from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the Committee on Publication Ethics, National Institutes of Health data sharing policies, common reporting guidelines, and Good Clinical Practice standards from the International Conference on Harmonization. The author grids are tailored to quantitative research, qualitative research, and literature synthesis. These customizable grids can be used while planning and executing projects to define each author's role, responsibilities, and contributions as well as to guide conversations among authors and help avoid misconduct and disputes. The grids also can be submitted to journal editors and published to provide public attribution of author contributions.
Dihydroxyacetone: An Updated Insight into an Important Bioproduct
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario
Published: April 2018

Currently obtained from glycerol through microbial fermentation, the demand of 1,3‐dihydroxyacetone (DHA) has significantly grown during the course of the last decade, driven by the consumer passion for a tan and increasing awareness of UV photodamage to the skin caused by prolonged exposure to the sun. We provide an updated bioeconomy perspective into a valued bioproduct (DHA), whose supply and production from glycerol, we argue in this study, will rapidly expand and diversify, with important global health benefits.
Cover Image, Volume 67, Issue 5
Authors: Jeong Keuk‐Min , Li Yuheng , Yoo Dae‐Geon , Lee Nam‐Kyoung , Lee Hyeok‐Gi , Ando Shinji , Ha Chang‐Sik
Published: April 2018

The cover image, by Keuk‐Min Jeong et al., is based on the Research Article Effects of crosslinking agents on the physical properties of polyimide/amino‐functionalized graphene oxide hybrid films, DOI: 10.1002/pi.5555.

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Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 5
Authors: Van Horn Christopher R , Moretti Marcelo L , Robertson Renae R , Segobye Kabelo , Weller Stephen C , Young Bryan G , Johnson William G , Schulz Burkhard , Green Amanda C , Jeffery Taylor , Lespérance Mackenzie A , Tardif François J , Sikkema Peter H , Hall J Christopher , McLean Michael D , Lawton Mark B , Sammons R Douglas , Wang Dafu , Westra Philip , Gaines Todd A
Published: April 2018

The cover image, by Christopher R Van Horn et al., is based on the Research Article Glyphosate resistance in Ambrosia trifida: Part 1. Novel rapid cell death response to glyphosate, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4567. Glyphosate‐susceptible (top) and ‐resistant (bottom) giant ragweed 2 (left) and 21 (right) days after glyphosate treatment.

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Insights into the helix‐sense inversion of poly(β‐phenethyl‐L‐aspartate) by two‐dimensional Raman correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Furuya Hidemine
Published: April 2018

In this study, the transition process of the helix‐sense inversion of poly(β‐phenethyl‐L‐aspartate) was investigated by Raman scattering and 2‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra were obtained during the helix‐sense inversion. The results of 2‐dimensional correlation analysis in the spectral regions of 1600‐1800 and 3200‐3400 cm−1 showed that the intensity changes of the side‐chain ester C═O stretching bands occurred prior to those of amide A and amide I bands in the unwinding process of αR‐helix on heating. The sequential order of the intensity changes for amide A, amide I, and the side‐chain ester C═O stretching bands during the inversion process was determined. It was found that the conformation change of the side chain occurred prior to that of the main chain for the αR‐helix on heating. Thus, we concluded that the transformation of the backbone chain from right‐handed to left‐handed is triggered by the conformational change of the side chains.
Modeling Selectivity in the Fischer‐Tropsch Process with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Atashi Hossein , Dinarvandi Kousar
Published: April 2018

In Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis, biomass and agricultural residue as a renewable and reliable resource contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis depends on the carbon structure available resources (coal, biomass, natural gas), which plays an important role in most of the primary energy supply. In this article, the effects of factors affecting the selectivity a model of Fe/Cu/K/Al catalyst for the optimization of products were investigated using statistical method. The statistical method is a relationship between the response process and the independent variable in the selectivity model. The results show, Adj R2 and R‐Sq are significant values in a model used for the optimization of products. Finally, maximizing CO+CO2 conversion and C5+ selectivity and minimizing CH4, CO, CO2, C2‐4, olefin in C2‐4 selectivity were investigated under best operating conditions.
Bimetallic Fe/Ti‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Persulfate‐Assisted Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II
Authors: Wang Minghua , Yang Longyu , Guo Chuanpan , Liu Xufei , He Linghao , Song Yingpan , Zhang Qingxin , Qu Xiongwei , Zhang Hongzhong , Zhang Zhihong , Fang Shaoming
Published: April 2018

Amine‐functionalized bimetallic Fe/Ti‐based metal–organic frameworks (Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2) were synthesized via the solvothermal method and used as photocatalysts and activators for persulfate (PS)‐assisted visible light photocatalytic degradation of Orange II. Nearly 100% of Orange II was removed within 10 min in the Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1)/PS/Vis process, while only 10.7% and 70.9% of Orange II were removed in Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1)/Vis and Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1)/PS processes within 10 min, respectively. Therefore, the synergistic effect of PS activation and visible light photocatalysis was demonstrated by the Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1) composite. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst can be attributed to the efficient electrons transfer by Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ti4+/Ti3+ redox cycles, activation of PS by photogenerated electrons to produce sulfate radicals (SO4•−), and increased formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Concurrently, the Fe/Ti‐MOF‐NH2(3:1) photocatalyst also exhibited good reusability and stability in the photocatalytic reaction system.
Aziridine Ring Opening: An Overview of Sustainable Methods
Authors: Sabir Shekh , Kumar Ganesh , Verma Ved Prakash , Jat Jawahar L.
Published: April 2018

Aziridines are important synthetic intermediates as many diverse class of compounds could be produced by opening their strained ring. Hence, many publications could be found in the literature describing various approaches for the ring‐opening reactions of aziridines. Recently, simple, cost‐effective and greener approaches for these reactions have attracted significant attention of researchers. In this review, we have presented several sustainable methods for ring opening of various substituted aziridines.
Physical Modeling Study on the Mixing in the New IronArc Process
Authors: Bölke Kristofer , Ersson Mikael , Ni Peiyuan , Swartling Maria , Jönsson Pär G.
Published: April 2018

IronArc is a newly developed technology for pig iron production with the aim to reduce the CO2 emission and energy consumption, compared to a conventional blast furnace route. In order to understand the fluid flow and stirring in the IronArc reactor, water modeling experiments are performed. Specifically, a down scaled acrylic plastic model of the IronArc pilot plant reactor is used to investigate the mixing phenomena and gas penetration depth in the liquid bath. The mixing time is determined by measuring the conductivity in the bath, after a sodium chloride solution is added. Moreover, the penetration depth is determined by analyzing the pictures obtained during the experimental process by using both a video camera and a high speed camera. The results show that the bath movements are strong and that a circular movement of the surface is present. The mixing in the model for the flow rate of 282 NL min−1 is fast. Specifically, the average mixing times are 7.6 and 10.2 s for a 95% and a 99% homogenization degree, respectively. This is 15% and 18% (per degree of homogenization) faster compared to the case when using 3 gas inlets and the same flow rate.
Combining Genetic, Isotopic, and Field Data to Better Describe the Influence of Dams and Diversions on Burbot Movement in the Wind River Drainage, Wyoming
Authors: Hooley‐Underwood Zachary , Mandeville Elizabeth G. , Gerrity Paul , Deromedi Joe , Johnson Kevin , Walters Annika W.
Published: April 2018

Dams and water diversions fragment habitat, entrain fish, and alter fish movement. Many Burbot Lota lota populations are declining, with dams and water diversions thought to be a major threat. We used multiple methods to identify Burbot movement patterns and assess entrainment into an irrigation system in the Wind River, Wyoming. We assessed seasonal movement of Burbot with a mark–recapture (PIT tagging) study, natal origins of entrained fish with otolith microchemistry, and historic movement with genotyping by sequencing. We found limited evidence of entrainment in irrigation waters across all approaches. The mark–recapture study indicated that out‐migration from potential source populations could be influenced by flow regime but was generally low. Otolith and genomic results suggested the presence of a self‐sustaining population within the irrigation network. We conclude that emigration from natural tributary populations is not the current source of the majority of Burbot found in irrigation waters. Instead, reservoir and irrigation canal construction has created novel habitat in which Burbot have established a population. Using a multi‐scale approach increased our inferential abilities and mechanistic understanding of movement patterns between natural and managed systems.
Diagnosing and managing lower back pain over the last 40 years
Authors: Bush Keith
Published: April 2018

Advances in imaging techniques over the last 40 years have transformed our knowledge and understanding of the pathological changes that can affect the lower back. This greater knowledge does not always lead to better outcomes from treatment for patients, as the author explains.
Passive vibration control of an offshore floating hydrostatic wind turbine model
Authors: Tong Xin , Zhao Xiaowei , Karcanias Aris
Published: April 2018

We propose to make use of the hydraulic reservoir of a floating barge hydrostatic wind turbine (HWT) to suppress the pitch and roll motions of the barge by making the reservoir into a shape of an annular rectangular to serve as a bidirectional tuned liquid column damper (BTLCD). This means that we have made a barge‐motion damper with negligible extra costs as an HWT needs a reservoir for fluid storage anyway. The barge HWT simulation model is transformed from the NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) 5‐MW geared equipped ITI Energy barge wind turbine model within the FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbulence) code by replacing its drivetrain with a hydrostatic transmission drivetrain and incorporating the coupled dynamics of the barge‐reservoir system. We use 2 simplified turbine‐reservoir models to optimize the parameters of the BTLCD reservoir, which describe the pitch and roll motions of the turbine‐reservoir system, respectively. Simulation results based on the transformed NREL 5‐MW barge HWT model show that the optimal BTLCD reservoir is very effective in mitigating pitch and roll motions of the barge under realistic wind and wave excitations, which reduces the tower load and improves the power quality.
Experimental parameter study for passive vortex generators on a 30% thick airfoil
Authors: Baldacchino Daniel , Ferreira Carlos , Tavernier Delphine De , Timmer W.A. , van Bussel G. J. W.
Published: April 2018

Passive vane–type vortex generators (VGs) are commonly used on wind turbine blades to mitigate the effects of flow separation. However, significant uncertainty surrounds VG design guidelines. Understanding the influence of VG parameters on airfoil performance requires a systematic approach targeting wind energy‐specific airfoils. Thus, the 30%‐thick DU97‐W‐300 airfoil was equipped with numerous VG designs, and its performance was evaluated in the Delft University Low Turbulence Wind Tunnel at a chord‐based Reynolds number of 2×106. Oil‐flow visualizations confirmed the suppression of separation as a result of the vortex‐induced mixing. Further investigation of the oil streaks demonstrated a method to determine the vortex strength. The airfoil performance sensitivity to 41 different VG designs was explored by analysing model and wake pressures. The chordwise positioning, array configuration, and vane height were of prime importance. The sensitivity to vane length, inclination angle, vane shape, and array packing density proved secondary. The VGs were also able to delay stall with simulated airfoil surface roughness. The use of the VG mounting strip was detrimental to the airfoil's performance, highlighting the aerodynamic cost of the commonly used mounting technique. Time‐averaged pressure distributions and the lift standard deviation revealed that the presence of VGs increases load fluctuations in the stalling regime, compared with the uncontrolled case.
Translation initiation by cap‐dependent ribosome recruitment: Recent insights and open questions
Authors: Shirokikh Nikolay E. , Preiss Thomas
Published: April 2018

Gene expression universally relies on protein synthesis, where ribosomes recognize and decode the messenger RNA template by cycling through translation initiation, elongation, and termination phases. All aspects of translation have been studied for decades using the tools of biochemistry and molecular biology available at the time. Here, we focus on the mechanism of translation initiation in eukaryotes, which is remarkably more complex than prokaryotic initiation and is the target of multiple types of regulatory intervention. The “consensus” model, featuring cap‐dependent ribosome entry and scanning of mRNA leader sequences, represents the predominantly utilized initiation pathway across eukaryotes, although several variations of the model and alternative initiation mechanisms are also known. Recent advances in structural biology techniques have enabled remarkable molecular‐level insights into the functional states of eukaryotic ribosomes, including a range of ribosomal complexes with different combinations of translation initiation factors that are thought to represent bona fide intermediates of the initiation process. Similarly, high‐throughput sequencing‐based ribosome profiling or “footprinting” approaches have allowed much progress in understanding the elongation phase of translation, and variants of them are beginning to reveal the remaining mysteries of initiation, as well as aspects of translation termination and ribosomal recycling. A current view on the eukaryotic initiation mechanism is presented here with an emphasis on how recent structural and footprinting results underpin axioms of the consensus model. Along the way, we further outline some contested mechanistic issues and major open questions still to be addressed.

This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms

Translation > Translation Regulation

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Idiosyncratic risk and the cross-section of stock returns: the role of mean-reverting idiosyncratic volatility
Authors: Bozhkov Stanislav , Lee Habin , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Despoudi Stella , Nandy Monomita
Published: April 2018

A key prediction of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is that idiosyncratic risk is not priced by investors because in the absence of frictions it can be fully diversified away. In the presence of constraints on diversification, refinements of the CAPM conclude that the part of idiosyncratic risk that is not diversified should be priced. Recent empirical studies yielded mixed evidence with some studies finding positive correlation between idiosyncratic risk and stock returns, while other studies reported none or even negative correlation. We examine whether idiosyncratic risk is priced by the stock market and what are the probable causes for the mixed evidence produced by other studies, using monthly data for the US market covering the period from 1980 until 2013. We find that one-period volatility forecasts are not significantly correlated with stock returns. The mean-reverting unconditional volatility, however, is a robust predictor of returns. Consistent with economic theory, the size of the premium depends on the degree of ‘knowledge’ of the security among market participants. In particular, the premium for Nasdaq-traded stocks is higher than that for NYSE and Amex stocks. We also find stronger correlation between idiosyncratic risk and returns during recessions, which may suggest interaction of risk premium with decreased risk tolerance or other investment considerations like flight to safety or liquidity requirements. We identify the difference between the correlations of the idiosyncratic volatility estimators used by other studies and the true risk metric the mean-reverting volatility as the likely cause for the mixed evidence produced by other studies. Our results are robust with respect to liquidity, momentum, return reversals, unadjusted price, liquidity, credit quality, omitted factors, and hold at daily frequency.