bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tooth wear and dental pathology at the advent of agriculture: New evidence from the Levant
Authors: Eshed Vered , Gopher Avi , Hershkovitz Israel
Published: December 2005

Differences in patterns of diet and subsistence through the analysis of dental pathology and tooth wear were studied in skeletal populations of Natufian hunter‐gatherers (10,500–8300 BC) and Neolithic populations (8300–5500 BC, noncalibrated) from the southern Levant. 1,160 Natufians and 804 Neolithic teeth were examined for rate of attrition, caries, antemortem tooth loss, calculus, periapical lesions, and periodontal processes. While the Natufian people manifest a higher rate of dental attrition and periodontal disease (36.4% vs. 19%), Neolithic people show a higher rate of calculus. Both populations manifested low and similar rates of caries (6.4% in the Natufian vs. 6.7% in the Neolithic), periapical lesions (not over 1.5%), and antemortem tooth loss (3.7% vs. 4.5%, respectively). Molar wear pattern in the Neolithic is different than in the Natufian. The current study shows that the dental picture obtained from the two populations is multifactorial in nature, and not exclusively of dietary origin, i.e., the higher rate and unique pattern of attrition seen in the Natufian could result from a greater consumption of fibrous plants, the use of pestles and mortars (which introduce large quantities of stone‐dust to the food), and/or the use of teeth as a “third hand.” The two major conclusions of this study are: 1) The transition from hunting and gathering to a food‐producing economy in the Levant did not promote changes in dental health, as previously believed. This generally indicates that the Natufians and Neolithic people of the Levant may have differed in their ecosystem management (i.e., gathering vs. growing grains), but not in the type of food consumed. 2) Changes in food‐preparation techniques and nondietary usage of the teeth explain much of the variation in tooth condition in populations before and after the agricultural revolution. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
La4Cu3‐xZnxMoO12: Zinc‐Doped Cuprates with Kagome Lattices.
Authors: Li Guobao , et al. et al.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Y2O3:Eu, Bi Red Phosphors by Homogeneous Coprecipitation and Their Photoluminescence Behaviors.
Authors: Chi L. S. , Liu R. S. , Lee B. J.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low‐Temperature Activation and Deactivation of High‐Curie‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in a New Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor: Ni2+‐Doped SnO2.
Authors: Archer Paul I. , Radovanovic Pavle V. , Heald Steve M. , Gamelin Daniel R.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Reaction Mechanism of Lithium Insertion in Vanadium Tetraphosphide.
Authors: Kim Young‐Ugk , Cho Byung Won , Sohn Hun‐Joon
Published: December 2005

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Preparation and Characterization of Powders and Crystals of Vn‐xTixO2n‐1 Magneli Oxides.
Authors: Calestani D. , Licci F. , Kopnin E. , Calestani G. , Gauzzi A. , Bolzoni F. , Besagni T. , Boffa V. , Marezio M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Germanate Framework Containing 24‐Ring Channels, Ni—Ge Bonds, and Chiral [Ni@Ge14O24(OH)3] Cluster Motifs Transferred from Chiral Metal Complexes.
Authors: Lin Zhi‐En , Zhang Jie , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Pan Chun‐Yang , Wang Guo‐Ming , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phosphine Gold(I) Bis‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidate Complexes as New Highly Efficient and Air‐Stable Catalysts for the Cycloisomerization of Enynes.
Authors: Mezailles Nicolas , Ricard Louis , Gagosz Fabien
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photo‐Induced Radical Cyclization of Aromatic Halides with Sodium Borohydride.
Authors: Liu Qiang , Han Bing , Zhang Wei , Yang Li , Liu Zhong‐Li , Yu Wei
Published: December 2005

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Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Manganeses Chloride Supported on Montmorillonite K10.
Authors: Hashemi Mohammed M. , Khalili Behzad , Eftekhari‐sis Bagher
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The TEMPO/Copper Catalyzed Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes Using Oxygen as Stoichiometric Oxidant.
Authors: Geisslmeir David , Jary Walther G. , Falk Heinz
Published: December 2005

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Synthesis of Imides, N‐Acyl Vinylogous Carbamates and Ureas, and Nitriles by Oxidation of Amides and Amines with Dess—Martin Periodinane.
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Mathison Casey J. N.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Deoxygenation of Dicarbonyl Compounds Using a Samarium Diiodide—Additive System.
Authors: Kamochi Yasuko , Kudo Tadahiro , Masuda Toshinobu , Takadate Akira
Published: December 2005

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Cross and Ring‐Closing Metathesis of 1,3‐Diynes: Metallotropic [1,3]‐Shift of Ruthenium Carbenes.
Authors: Kim Mansuk , Miller Reagan L. , Lee Daesung
Published: December 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Trisubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Amides and Acids.
Authors: Feuillet Fred J. P. , Cheeseman Matt , Mahon Mary F. , Bull Steven D.
Published: December 2005

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Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Cyanomethylation of Aldimines with Trimethylsilylacetonitrile.
Authors: Kawano Yoshikazu , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: December 2005

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Palladacycles Bearing Pendant Benzamidinate Ligands as Catalysts for the Suzuki and Heck Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Wu Kai‐Min , Huang Chi‐An , Peng Kuo‐Fu , Chen Chi‐Tien
Published: December 2005

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Catalytic Investigations of Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions by a Hydroxyapatite‐Bound Palladium Complex.
Authors: Mori Kohsuke , Hara Takayoshi , Oshiba Michitaka , Mizugaki Tomoo , Ebitani Kohki , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Heavily Substituted 1,2‐Amino Alcohols in Enantiomerically Pure Form.
Authors: Garcia‐Delgado Noemi , Reddy Katamreddy Subba , Sola Lluis , Riera Antoni , Pericas Miquel A. , Verdaguer Xavier
Published: December 2005

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A Facile Clay‐Mediated Synthesis of 3,3‐Diindolyl‐2‐indolinones from Isatins.
Authors: Chakrabarty Manas , Sarkar Sandipan , Harigaya Yoshihiro
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 4‐Aminoalkylpyrazol‐3‐ones (Isoxazol‐3‐ones) from 3‐Acyllactams.
Authors: Nenajdenko V. G. , Zakurdaev E. P. , Gololobov A. M. , Balenkova E. S.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Fluoro Substituted Benzo[b]pyran with anti‐Lung Cancer Activity.
Authors: Hammam Abou El‐Fotooh G. , El‐Salam Osama I. Abd , Mohamed Ashraf M. , Hafez Nagla Abdel
Published: December 2005

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Synthesis of Some 3‐Phenyl‐4‐methyl‐6‐(6‐styryl‐4‐arylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐, 6‐(4‐Styryl‐6‐arylpyridin‐2‐yl)‐ and 6‐(4‐Aryl‐8‐aryledine‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolin‐2‐yl)coumarins
Authors: Brahmbhatt D. I. , Pandya V. P. , Patel C. N. , Patel M. A.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metallation of Pyridin‐2‐yldiazines. Use of Pyridine Ring as ortho‐Directing Group. Diazines. Part 45.
Authors: Berghian Camelia , Darabantu Mircea , Turck Alain , Ple Nelly
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Condensed Tetrazolo‐1,3,5‐triazines. Part 1. Synthesis of 5‐Polynitromethyltetrazolo[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazin‐7‐one Salts.
Authors: Fedorov B. S. , Fadeev M. A. , Gidaspov A. A. , Kosareva E. A. , Bakharev V. V.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates from Natural Porphyrin Derivatives by the Kabachnik—Fields Reaction
Authors: Kabachnic M. M. , Zobnina E. V. , Pavlov V. Yu. , Konstantinov I. O. , Ponomarev G. V. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silylstannations of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via the Generation of Bu3Sn‐ in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Dickson Steven , Dean Darrell , Singer Robert D.
Published: December 2005

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Amino Acid Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations (DYKAT): One‐Step de novo Synthesis of Polyketide Sugars from Racemic β‐Hydroxy Aldehydes.
Authors: Reyes Efraim , Cordova Armando
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Novel 6′(α)‐Methyl‐Branched Carbovir Analogues.
Authors: Kim Jin Woo , Hong Joon Hee
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Novel Gluconeogenesis Inhibitor FR225654 that Originates from Phoma sp. No. 00144. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Physico‐Chemical Properties.
Authors: Ohtsu Yoshihiro , Sasamura Hiromi , Tanaka Miho , Tsurumi Yasuhisa , Yoshimura Seiji , Takase Shigehiro , Shibata Toshihiro , Hino Motohiro , Nakajima Hidenori
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (‐)‐Jimenezin
Authors: Hwang Cheol Hee , Keum Gyochang , Sohn Kyoung Il , Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Eun
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Synthesis of Nanosized Cellular Iron Oxide/Oxyhydroxide Thin Films. Part 1. Electrochemical Synthesis of Green Rust Thin Films and Their Chemical Oxidation.
Authors: Chung Kyeong Woo , Kim Kwang Bum , Han Seong‐Ho , Lee Hongkee
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Pd Nanoparticles with in situ Generated Reducing Agent and Their Application as Activator for Electroless Copper and Nickel Depositions.
Authors: Lee Chien‐Liang , Huang Yu‐Ching , Wan Chi‐Chao , Wang Yun‐Yung , Ju Yu‐Jen , Kuo Li‐Chen , Oung Jung‐Chou
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids with a Crown‐Ether Moiety.
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Han‐zhi , Tao Guo‐hong , Kou Yuan
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydroxylated N‐Alkyl‐4‐piperidinyl‐2,3‐diarylpyrrole Derivatives as Potent Broad‐Spectrum Anticoccidial Agents.
Authors: Liang Gui‐Bai , et al. et al.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SAR of Psilocybin Analogues: Discovery of a Selective 5‐HT2C Agonist.
Authors: Sard Howard , Kumaran Govindaraj , Morency Cynthia , Roth Bryan L. , Toth Beth Ann , He Ping , Shuster Louis
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atom‐Like Building Units of Adjustable Character: Solid‐State and Solution Routes to Manipulating Hexanuclear Transition Metal Chalcohalide Clusters
Authors: Welch Eric J. , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solid Nitrogen at Extreme Conditions of High Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Goncharov Alexander , Gregoryanz Eugene
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimal Design of Hierarchically Structured Nanoporous Catalysts
Authors: Coppens Marc‐Olivier , Gheorghiu Stefan , Pfeifer Peter
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by New Chiral Catalysts
Authors: Chan Albert S. C. , Lu Gui , Li Xingshu
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in High Pressure Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kotsuki Hiyoshizo , Kumamoto Koji
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Green Molecular Transformations Mediated by Vitamin B12 Related Metal Complexes as Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Hisaeda Yoshio , Shimakoshi Hisashi
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Allylsilanes with Nucleophilic Displacement of the Silyl Group
Authors: Poli Giovanni , Prestat Guillaume
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural and Biological Diversity of Cyclic Octadecanoids, Jasmonates, and Mimetics
Authors: Mithoefer Axel , Maitrejean Mathias , Boland Wilhelm
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry of Oligomeric Food Polyphenols.
Authors: Reed Jess D. , Krueger Christian G. , Vestling Martha M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Monoliths as Biocatalytic Reactors: Smart Gas—Liquid Contacting for Process Intensification
Authors: Kreutzer Michiel T. , Kapteijn Freek , Moulijn Jacob A. , Ebrahimi Sirous , Kleerebezem Robbert , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Trends in the Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Kudelski A.
Published: December 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hybrid‐mixed stress formulation using continuum damage models
Authors: Silva C. M. , Castro L. M. S. S.
Published: December 2005

This paper reports on the non‐linear static analysis of 2D concrete structures using an hybrid‐mixed stress formulation and continuum damage mechanics. The finite element model adopted is based on the direct and independent approximation of three fields: the effective stress and displacement fields in the domain of each element and the displacement field on the static boundary. The non‐linear behaviour of the material is modelled with a non‐local isotropic damage model. A set of numerical examples are presented to illustrate and validate the use of such numerical technique. The performance of the model is assessed by comparison with results obtained using other numerical schemes presented in the literature and also with experimental results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taverna: lessons in creating a workflow environment for the life sciences
Authors: Oinn Tom , Greenwood Mark , Addis Matthew , Alpdemir M. Nedim , Ferris Justin , Glover Kevin , Goble Carole , Goderis Antoon , Hull Duncan , Marvin Darren , Li Peter , Lord Phillip , Pocock Matthew R. , Senger Martin , Stevens Robert , Wipat Anil , Wroe Chris
Published: December 2005

Life sciences research is based on individuals, often with diverse skills, assembled into research groups. These groups use their specialist expertise to address scientific problems. The in silico experiments undertaken by these research groups can be represented as workflows involving the co‐ordinated use of analysis programs and information repositories that may be globally distributed. With regards to Grid computing, the requirements relate to the sharing of analysis and information resources rather than sharing computational power. The myGrid project has developed the Taverna Workbench for the composition and execution of workflows for the life sciences community. This experience paper describes lessons learnt during the development of Taverna. A common theme is the importance of understanding how workflows fit into the scientists' experimental context. The lessons reflect an evolving understanding of life scientists' requirements on a workflow environment, which is relevant to other areas of data intensive and exploratory science. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scientific workflow management and the Kepler system
Authors: Ludäscher Bertram , Altintas Ilkay , Berkley Chad , Higgins Dan , Jaeger Efrat , Jones Matthew , Lee Edward A. , Tao Jing , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2005

Many scientific disciplines are now data and information driven, and new scientific knowledge is often gained by scientists putting together data analysis and knowledge discovery ‘pipelines’. A related trend is that more and more scientific communities realize the benefits of sharing their data and computational services, and are thus contributing to a distributed data and computational community infrastructure (a.k.a. ‘the Grid’). However, this infrastructure is only a means to an end and ideally scientists should not be too concerned with its existence. The goal is for scientists to focus on development and use of what we callscientific workflows. These are networks of analytical steps that may involve, e.g., database access and querying steps, data analysis and mining steps, and many other steps including computationally intensive jobs on high‐performance cluster computers. In this paper we describe characteristics of and requirements for scientific workflows as identified in a number of our application projects. We then elaborate on Kepler, a particular scientific workflow system, currently under development across a number of scientific data management projects. We describe some key features of Kepler and its underlying Ptolemy II system, planned extensions, and areas of future research. Kepler is a community‐driven, open source project, and we always welcome related projects and new contributors to join. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enumeration of peripheral lymphocyte subsets using 6 vs. 4 color staining: A clinical evaluation of a new flowcytometer
Authors: Lambert Claude , Cristina Iobagiu , Christian Genin
Published: December 2005

Technological advances in instruments allow the evaluation of many lymphocyte subsets in one step. The aim of this study was to evaluate the new FACSCanto flowcytometer in routine conditions, using a 6 color combination, single platform, whole blood, lysis, no wash protocol.

Methods

Two systems were simultaneously compared on 67 blood samples and external quality controls, using CD3,CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16/56, and CD45 in one tube TRUCOUNT beads™ (BD Biosciences) or two tubes (TetraChrome™ and Flowcount™, Beckman‐Coulter and DakoCytomation).

Results

The day‐to‐day instrument detection but automatic compensations were stable. Manual compensation settings were satisfactory using available facilities. Commercial and UK NEQAS quality control results were acceptable. The intra‐experiment reproducibility was good (coefficient of variation (CV) <3%) but highly operator‐dependant (CD4+ T cell count CVs from 1.2 to 9.7, six operators). Storage of samples was acceptable, but storage of stained samples altered absolute count reliability. Serial dilutions show a good count accuracy. The FACScanto T subsets and B cell data were highly correlated with our reference values (r2 > 0.87) and absolutes values were very close (slopes > 0.89).

The gating strategy, fluorochrome choice, and compensation setting are discussed. A few improvements are expected (sample loader, data management, auto‐gating, acquisition parameters, sample mixing, absolute values calculation, etc).

In conclusions, despite its complexity, 6 color staining is a reliable, stable, and highly informative technique for lymphocyte subset monitoring but remains to be optimized. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Report on the second Latin American consensus conference for flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies
Authors: Ruiz‐Argüelles Alejandro , Rivadeneyra‐Espinoza Liliana , Duque Ricardo E. , Orfao Alberto
Published: December 2005

On May 3 and 4, 2005, the Second Latin American Consensus Conference for the Immunophenotyping of Hematological Malignancies took place in Queretaro, México, with representatives from 10 countries of the region and two external consultants. This document summarizes the major conclusions for which consensus were achieved. Major differences regarding the recommendations from the first conference, which took place 9 years ago, concern the medical indications and the antibody panels for immunophenotyping. The aim of disseminating these guidelines to the international community is based on the potential interest for other countries with similar socioeconomic conditions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Properties of Cryptands with a Thioether Bridge and π‐Donors – Silver(I) and Copper(I)‐Complexes
Authors: Koschabek René , Gleiter Rolf , Rominger Frank
Published: December 2005

The syntheses of seven bridgehead diazabicycloalkanes are reported. The bridges are represented by either a thioether chain and two 3‐hexyne units (4 and 6–8), one selenoether chain and two 3‐hexyne units (5), or one dithioether chain and two 4,4′‐diethylbiphenyl units (9, 10). X‐ray investigations reveal for 4–10 the in/in conformation at the bridgehead nitrogen atoms. Reactions with CuI triflate yield the endohedral CuI complexes of 4–6. Endohedral complexes of 6, 7, and 10 were isolated with silver triflate. X‐ray investigations and spectroscopic studies on the metal complexes reveal interactions between the metal ion and the nitrogen‐, chalcogen‐, and π‐units. In addition to the bicyclic systems 4–10 we synthesized the tripodal systems 28–33 in a one‐pot reaction. In the cases of 28 and 33 we were able to isolate the corresponding AgI complexes. X‐ray studies show an interaction between the metal ion and the nitrogen atom and one double bond of each of the three adjacent phenyl rings. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Design and Synthesis of Bis(thiourea) Ligands and Their Application in Pd‐Catalyzed Heck and Suzuki Reactions Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Rui , Han Bo , Li Bang‐Jing , Chen Ying‐Chun , Wu Yong , Ding Li‐Sheng , Yang Dan
Published: December 2005

New, bulky N,N‐disubstituted acyclic and cyclic bis(thiourea) ligands have been designed and synthesized. Their palladium(0) complexes are very stable and are active catalysts for Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl iodides and bromides under aerobic conditions. Good TONs and TOFs were achieved in the coupling reactions [for PhI, TONs up to 1000000 and TOFs up to 200000 (h–1); for activated aryl bromide, TONs up to 89000]. In addition, further studies were conducted to know more about the nature of these catalysts. The active catalyst was found to be the chelate complex containing the bis(thiourea) and Pd in a 1:1 ratio. However, unlike a monothiourea, further coordination can occur to give a coordinatively saturated complex when bis(thiourea) and Pd are combined in a 2:1 ratio; this complex is catalytically inactive in coupling reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
One‐Pot Addition/Reduction Procedure for the Synthesis of ‐Amino Alcohols from ‐Enamino Ketones
Authors: Cimarelli Cristina , Giuli Sandra , Palmieri Gianni
Published: December 2005

γ‐Amino alcohols 3 have been synthesized by the addition of organolithium reagents to β‐enamino ketones 1 followed by one‐pot reduction with sodium triacetoxyborohydride. The method allows the stereoselective synthesis of γ‐amino alcohols in which the hydroxy group is bonded to a fully substituted carbon atom. The relative configuration of the chiral product was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Switch to full‐length of XAF1 mRNA expression in prostate cancer cells by the DNA methylation inhibitor
Authors: Fang Xiaolei , Liu Zhaoxu , Fan Yidong , Zheng Chengyun , Nilson Sten , Egevad Lars , Ekman Peter , Xu Dawei
Published: December 2005

X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) suppresses apoptotic cell death by binding to caspases and inhibiting their functions, while the XIAP‐associated factor1 (XAF1), a zinc finger protein, antagonizes XIAP activities, thereby promoting apoptosis. The aberrant silence of the XAF1 gene has recently been found in various types of cancer cells, which is suggested to be one of the potential mechanisms underlying survival advantages of malignant cells. In the present study, we investigated the XAF1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Compared with normal tissues where a full‐length of XAF1 mRNA is predominant, LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines only expressed a short form of XAF1 transcripts, whereas PC3 cells exhibited a complete silence of the XAF1 gene. Inhibition of DNA methylation led to a switch to the full length of XAF1 mRNA expression in LNCaP and DU145 cells. The down‐regulation of XAF1 expression was also observed in 6/8 tumor samples derived from patients with prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that splicing alterations or downregulation of the XAF1 transcript may occur during the development of prostate cancers due to the aberrant DNA methylation. The alternative splicing of XAF1 mRNA leads to formation of a truncated XAF1 protein with 19 amino acid deletion in its zinc finger domain, which likely affects its functional interaction with XIAP, and consequently, contributes to the pathogenesis of prostate cancers by disrupting balance of the apoptosis machinery. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic damage and genetic variants in the individuals susceptible to arsenic‐induced cancer through drinking water
Authors: Ghosh Pritha , Basu Anamika , Mahata Julie , Basu Sreemanti , Sengupta Mainak , Das Jayanta K. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Sarkar Ajoy K. , Mondal Lakshmikanta , Ray Kunal , Giri Ashok K.
Published: December 2005

In West Bengal, India, more than 300,000 arsenic‐exposed people are showing symptoms of arsenic toxicity, which include cancers of skin and different internal organs. Since only 15–20% of the exposed population manifest arsenic‐induced skin lesions, it is thought that genetic variation might play an important role in arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity. A total of 422 unrelated arsenic‐exposed subjects (244 skin‐symptomatic and 178 asymptomatic) were recruited for this study. Cytogenetic damage, as measured by chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and micronuclei formation in oral mucosa cells, urothelial cells and binucleated lymphocytes, was studied in unexposed, skin‐symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with similar socioeconomic status. Identification of null mutations in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were carried out by PCR amplification. GSTP1 SNPs, implicated in susceptibility to various cancers, were assessed by PCR‐RFLP method. Symptomatic individuals had higher level of cytogenetic damage compared to asymptomatic individuals and asymptomatic individuals had significantly higher genotoxicity than unexposed individuals. No difference in allelic variants in GSTT1 and GSTP1 was observed between these 2 groups. Incidence of GSTM1 null gene frequencies was significantly higher in the asymptomatic group. Individuals with GSTM1‐positive (at least one allele) had significantly higher risk of arsenic‐induced skin lesions (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–2.22). These results show a protective role of GSTM1 null in arsenic toxicity. This study also indicates that asymptomatic individuals are sub clinically affected and are also significantly susceptible to arsenic‐induced genotoxicity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of bone‐derived insulin‐like growth factors by a ligand‐specific antibody suppresses the growth of human multiple myeloma in the human adult bone explanted in NOD/SCID mouse
Authors: Araki Kazuhiro , Sangai Takafumi , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Maeda Hiroyuki , Zhang Shi‐Chuan , Nakamura Michio , Ishii Genichiro , Hasebe Takahiro , Kusaka Hideaki , Akiyama Tadakazu , Tokuda Yoshimi , Nagai Kanji , Minami Hironobu , Ochiai Atsushi
Published: December 2005

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a fatal disease that affects plasma cells. Patients with MM have 1 or more osteolytic lesions in their bone tissues, where insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs; IGF‐I and IGF‐II) are mainly stored. The role of bone‐derived IGFs in the development of MM has not been extensively studied because reliable animal models are lacking. We established an animal model using a human MM cell line, RPMI8226, in nonobese diabetic/severe‐combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice implanted with human adult bone (HAB) fragments. Treatment with an anti‐human IGF‐neutralizing monoclonal antibody, KM1468, inhibited the IGF‐I‐stimulated phosphorylation of type‐I IGF receptors (IGF‐IR) in RPMI8226 cells and the activation of the downstream PI3‐K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro. KM1468 inhibited IGF‐I‐mediated RPMI8226 cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner. In the NOD/SCID‐HAB model, treatment with KM1468 significantly inhibited the growth of RPMI8226 cells (p < 0.02). These results indicated that the growth of MM cells was predominantly stimulated not by serum‐derived IGFs, but by bone‐derived IGFs. Furthermore, the targeting of bone‐derived IGFs, using a neutralizing antibody, may offer a new therapeutic strategy for MM. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of strong and persistent MelanA/MART‐1‐specific immune responses by adjuvant dendritic cell‐based vaccination of stage II melanoma patients
Authors: Tuettenberg Andrea , Becker Christian , Huter Eva , Knop Jürgen , Enk Alexander H. , Jonuleit Helmut
Published: December 2005

A significant percentage of stage II melanoma patients (tumor thickness >1 mm) remain at risk of tumor recurrence after primary tumor excision. In this study, we used tumor antigen‐pulsed dendritic cells as an adjuvant for immunization of these “high‐risk” melanoma patients after resection of the primary tumor. A total of 13 patients were included and vaccinated 6 times every 14 days with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with a MelanA/MART‐1 peptide in combination with a recall antigen. Antigen‐specific immune responses were monitored before, during and up to 1 year after the last vaccination. The majority of patients exhibited increased recall antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell responses upon vaccination. MelanA/MART‐1‐specific CD8+ T cells were expanded in 9/13 patients resulting in increased frequencies of memory cells in these patients. CD8+ T cells acquired the capacity to secrete IFN‐γ, to proliferate in culture in response to the tumor antigen used for vaccination and postvaccine samples contained MelanA/MART‐1‐specific T cells that recognized also the natural MelanA/MART‐1‐antigen expressed by tumor cells. Moreover, vaccination induced a long‐lived tumor antigen‐specific DTH‐reactivity in the majority of the patients, detectable even 12 months after the last immunization. These data demonstrate for the first time that vaccination with tumor antigen‐pulsed dendritic cells in a clinically adjuvant setting induces strong and persistent antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in tumor‐free stage II melanoma patients, suggesting that tumor protective T cell immunity can be achieved. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of multidrug resistance due to multiple factors including P‐glycoprotein overexpression under K‐selection after MYC and HRAS oncogene activation
Authors: Nakamura Yukari , Sato Hiroyuki , Motokura Toru
Published: December 2005

Multistep tumorigenesis is a form of microevolution consisting of mutation and selection. To clarify the role of selection modalities in tumor development, we examined two alternative evolutionary conditions, r‐selection in sparse culture, which allows cells to proliferate rapidly, and K‐selection in confluent culture, in which overcrowding constrains cell proliferation. Using MYC‐ and EJ‐RAS‐transformed rat embryo fibroblasts, we found that K‐selected cells acquired and stably maintained multidrug resistance (MDR) to DOX, VCR, MTX and Ara‐C. Then, we examined the involvement of a number of factors potentially causal of the development of MDR, that is, ploidy, Tp53 mutation, doubling time and the expression levels of genes related to drug resistance. Although ploidy status and Tp53 mutations did not correlate with MDR, we found that Abcb1/Mdr1, encoding P‐glycoprotein (Pgp), was significantly upregulated after K‐selection. Cyclosporin A, a competitive inhibitor of Pgp, increased the intracellular accumulation of DOX and reduced the resistance to it. Indeed, the population of Pgp‐transfected cells significantly expanded under K‐, but not under r‐selection. In addition to Pgp upregulation, altered expression of other genes such as Cda/cytidine deaminase and Slc29a1/equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and prolonged doubling times were associated with MDR. This system reproduces events associated with MDR in vivo and would be useful for analysis of MDR development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plantar fasciitis treated with local steroid injection: comparison between sonographic and palpation guidance
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Chung , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Chen Carl P. C. , Chen Max J. L. , Yu Tung‐Yang , Chen Ying‐Jen
Published: December 2005

Purpose

To compare the effectiveness of sonographically guided and palpation‐guided steroid injection for the treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis.

Patients and Methods

Twenty‐five consecutive patients with unilateral proximal plantar fasciitis were recruited and randomly divided into a sonographically guided group (n = 12) and palpation‐guided group (n = 13). Proximal plantar fascia was assessed with a 5‐ to 12‐MHz linear‐array transducer. Pain intensity was quantified using a “tenderness threshold” (TT) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Injection of 7 mg (1 ml) of betamethasone and 0.5 ml of 1% lidocaine into the inflamed proximal plantar fascia was performed under the guidance of sonography or palpation. Patients were evaluated clinically and sonographically before injection and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year after injection. VAS‐ and TT‐measured pain intensity, thickness, and echogenicity of the proximal plantar fascia, as well as the recurrence of heel pain, were assessed.

Results

Both VAS‐ and TT‐measured levels of pain improved significantly after steroid injection in both groups (p < 0.001). Also, the thickness decreased significantly after injection (p < 0.01 in the palpation‐guided group; p < 0.001 in the sonographically guided group). The number of patients with hypoechogenicity at the proximal plantar fascia decreased after steroid injection in both groups (p < 0.01 for both groups). The recurrence rate of plantar fasciitis in patients of the palpation‐guided group (6/13) was significantly higher than that of the sonographically guided group (1/12) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Steroid injection can be an effective way to treat plantar fasciitis, and injection under sonographic guidance is associated with lower recurrence of heel pain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:12–16, 2006
Peptic ulcer perforation: sonographic imaging of active fluid leakage
Authors: Ioannis Minardos , Dimitra Ziogana , Hristos Hristopoulos , Ioannis Dermitzakis
Published: December 2005

Sonography is not the method of choice for the evaluation of suspected peptic ulcer perforation (PUP). However, indirect sonographic signs and direct visualization of PUP have been reported by several authors in recent years. We report a case of an elderly woman who presented with severe abdominal pain and positive rebound sign, in whom abdominal sonography demonstrated indirect signs of PUP, the site of perforation, and active air fluid leakage through the perforated anterior prepyloric antral wall. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:38–41, 2006
Major extremity amputation for nodal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Namm Jukes P. , Reeves Mark E.
Published: December 2005

The regional lymph node basin is usually the first site of spread in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Regional metastases are usually treated with comprehensive nodal dissection, sometimes followed by radiation and/or chemotherapy. Occasionally, when disease recurs after these conventional therapies, major extremity amputation may be the only way to render patients free of disease. We present three cases for which major extremity amputation was necessary. One patient underwent forequarter amputation for nodal metastasis, which had invaded the brachial plexus. Another patient underwent hip disarticulation for femoral bony invasion from inguinal nodal metastasis. The third patient underwent a hemipelvectomy for nodal metastasis, which had eroded the femoral artery and pelvic bone. These cases show that major extremity amputation can be both palliative and curative in patients with SCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:76–78. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Split therapy: Planned neck dissection followed by definitive radiotherapy for a T1, T2 pharyngolaryngeal primary cancer with operable N2, N3 nodal metastases—A prospective study
Authors: D'cruz A.K. , Pantvaidya G.H. , Agarwal J.P. , Chaukar D.A. , Pathak K.A. , Deshpande M.S. , Pai P.S. , Chaturvedi P. , Dinshaw K.A.
Published: December 2005

Background

The management of patients with a small pharyngolaryngeal cancer (T1 and T2) with large nodal metastases is a subject of debate. We present data on the feasibility and outcome of treating these patients with surgery for the nodal metastases followed by definitive radiotherapy.

Methods

Prospective study of 59 patients of small pharyngolaryngeal primary squamous carcinomas with operable (N2/N3) nodal metastasis treated with neck dissection followed by radiotherapy.

Results

Complete nodal clearance was achieved in 54 (90%). The mean nodal size was 4 cm and extranodal extension was seen in 88% of patients in the study group. There were no significant postoperative complications. Median interval between surgery and radiotherapy was 23 days. Forty‐nine patients (83%) started their RT within 6 weeks of surgery. With a median follow‐up of 25 months, the disease free and overall survival was 54% and 60% (5 years).

Conclusion

The management of patients with a radiocurable pharyngolaryngeal primary with large nodes by this approach is a feasible option with adequate control and survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:56–61. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of tetrahydrofuran as solvent on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectra of functional polystyrenes
Authors: Zagorevskii Dmitri V. , Nasrullah Mohammed J. , Raghunadh Vajjula , Benicewicz Brian C.
Published: December 2005

It is demonstrated that tetrahydrofuran (THF) should be used with caution as a solvent in polymer sample preparation for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analyses. The presence of peroxides in THF may cause the oxidation of chemically active groups. This effect is illustrated in the case of S‐containing polystyrene derivatives. The oxidation of the trithiocarbonate group resulted in the formation of poly(styrene)sulfonic acids, R(CH2CHPh)nSO3H, which was detected in negative mode by MALDI and electrospray ionization (ESI) methods after the samples remained in THF for several hours. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem mass spectrometry of coprogen and deferoxamine hydroxamic siderophores
Authors: Simionato Ana V. C. , de Souza Gezimar D. , Rodrigues‐Filho Edson , Glick James , Vouros Paul , Carrilho Emanuel
Published: December 2005

Mechanisms of fragmentation of hydroxamic siderophores are proposed comparing deuterated and nondeuterated samples. Standard siderophores (e.g. deferoxamine and coprogen) were directly injected into both ion trap and linear quadrupole mass spectrometers with electrospray ionization (ESI). Four and two fragmentation steps were carried out for deferoxamine and coprogen (analyzed by positive and negative ESI, respectively). Deferoxamine cleavages occurred in both peptide and hydroxamic bonds while the coprogen fragmentation pattern is more elaborate, since it contains Fe(III) in its structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of M+4 stable isotope labeled cortisone and cortisol in human plasma by µElution solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Amy Y. , Sun Li , Musson Donald G. , Zhao Jamie J.
Published: December 2005

A sensitive µElution solid‐phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of M+4 stable isotope labeled cortisone and cortisol in human plasma. In this method, M+4 cortisone and M+4 cortisol were extracted from 0.3 mL of human plasma samples using a Waters Oasis HLB 96‐well µElution SPE plate using 70 µL methanol as the elution solvent, and chromatographed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3.5 µm). M+9 cortisone and M+9 cortisol were used as the internal standards. A PE Sciex API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer interfaced with the liquid chromatograph via a turboionspray source was used for mass analysis and detection. The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of precursor → product ion transitions were monitored at m/z 365.2 [M+H]+ → 167.0 and at m/z 367.3 [M+H]+ → 125.1 for M+4 cortisone and M+4 cortisol, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 ng mL−1 and the linear calibration range was from 0.1 to 100 ng mL−1 for both analytes. This method demonstrated to be very reproducible and reliable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The membrane anchors of the heme chaperone CcmE and the periplasmic thioredoxin CcmG are functionally important
Authors: Ahuja Umesh , Thöny-Meyer Linda
Published: December 2005

The cytochrome c maturation system of Escherichia coli contains two monotopic membrane proteins with periplasmic, functional domains, the heme chaperone CcmE and the thioredoxin CcmG. We show in a domain swap experiment that the membrane anchors of these proteins can be exchanged without drastic loss of function in cytochrome c maturation. By contrast, the soluble periplasmic forms produced with a cleavable OmpA signal sequence have low biological activity. Both the chimerical CcmE (CcmG′–′E) and the soluble periplasmic CcmE produce low levels of holo‐CcmE and thus are impaired in their heme receiving capacity. Also, both forms of CcmE can be co‐precipitated with CcmC, thus restricting the site of interaction of CcmE with CcmC to the C‐terminal periplasmic domain. However, the low level of holo‐CcmE formed in the chimera is transferred efficiently to cytochrome c, indicating that heme delivery from CcmE does not involve the membrane anchor.
Improved gating of a chimeric α7‐5HT3A receptor upon mutations at the M2–M3 extracellular loop
Authors: Castillo Mar , Mulet José , Bernal José Antonio , Criado Manuel , Sala Francisco , Sala Salvador
Published: December 2005

Acetylcholine‐evoked currents of the receptor chimera α7‐5HT3A V201 expressed in Xenopus oocytes are strikingly small when compared to the amount of α‐bungarotoxin binding sites detected at the oocyte membrane. Since the chimeric receptor is made of the extracellular N‐terminal region of the rat α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the C‐terminal region of the mouse 5‐HT3A receptor, which includes the ion channel, we hypothesized that communication between these two regions was not optimal. Here, we show that mutating to aspartate several adjacent positions in the M2–M3 extracellular linker increases current amplitudes to different extents, thus confirming the important role of this region on receptor gating.
A comparison of homonym and novel word learning: the role of phonotactic probability and word frequency
Authors: STORKEL HOLLY L. , MAEKAWA JUNKO
Published: December 2005

This study compares homonym learning to novel word learning by three- to four-year-old children to determine whether homonyms are learned more rapidly or more slowly than novel words. In addition, the role of form characteristics in homonym learning is examined by manipulating phonotactic probability and word frequency. Thirty-two children were exposed to homonyms and novel words in a story with visual support and learning was measured in two tasks: referent identification; picture naming. Results showed that responses to homonyms were as accurate as responses to novel words in the referent identification task. In contrast, responses to homonyms were more accurate than responses to novel words in the picture-naming task. Furthermore, homonyms composed of common sound sequences were named more accurately than those composed of rare sound sequences. The influence of word frequency was less straightforward. These results may be inconsistent with a one-to-one form–referent bias in word learning.
Beginning and end in the acquisition of the perfective aspect in Russian
Authors: STOLL SABINE
Published: December 2005

The goal of this research is to determine the relevant factors that aid in the acquisition of the perfective aspect in Russian. Results confirm the findings of previous research, which say that aspect is not learned as a uniform category, but rather interrelates with the acquisition of Aktionsarten. This study focuses on the factors responsible for the difference in the rate of the acquisition of two complementary Aktionsarten in the perfective aspect: telic verbs (verbs including a result/goal of the denoted event) and ingressive verbs (verbs including the beginning of the event).

Since the usage of Aktionsarten strongly depends on the surrounding discourse, two experiments that varied in their discourse complexity were conducted. One study looked at the production of isolated utterances (thirty-nine children aged 3;0 to 6;11) and the other study focused on complex texts (fifty-two children aged 3;0 to 6;11). It was found that while telics are used independently of discourse context, ingressives depend strongly on contextual information.

These results suggest that discourse complexity and narrative competence define the acquisitional process for ingressives, yet are irrelevant in the acquisition of telics.
Developing an Online Interactive Guide for Law Students
Authors: Crossley Jenni , Tylee Claire
Published: December 2005

This article by Jenni Crossley and Claire Tylee examines the process of developing an online interactive guide for law students by librarians at the University of the West of England. The guide was based on material contained in the professional studies printed resource book and various multimedia applications were included to enhance the learning experience for students.
Guided propagation of naturally occurring infrasound in the troposphere and stratosphere
Authors: Godin Oleg A. , Naugolnykh Konstantin A.
Published: December 2005

Understanding microbarom observations requires a quantitative description of diffracted arrivals which are not predicted by ray theory. A simple and efficient wave description of diffracted arrivals propagating in the troposphere and stratosphere is proposed. It is found that under certain conditions the diffracted arrivals can account for a considerable portion of the total infrasonic energy transmitted from a source on the ocean surface.
Low‐velocity oceanic crust at the top of the Philippine Sea and Pacific plates beneath the Kanto region, central Japan, imaged by seismic tomography
Authors: Matsubara Makoto , Hayashi Hiroki , Obara Kazushige , Kasahara Keiji
Published: December 2005

We construct fine‐scale three‐dimensional P and S wave velocity structures beneath the Kanto region, central Japan, by seismic tomography with a spatial correlation of velocities. The Philippine Sea and Pacific plates subduct beneath the Eurasian plate in this area and are imaged with high velocities. Oceanic crust at the uppermost part of these subducting plates is a low‐velocity layer. Low‐velocity oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate subducts to a depth of approximately 80 km. There are also two low‐velocity bodies with relatively high VP/VS ratios of 1.80–1.90 in the mantle wedge above the oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate. We speculate that the westernmost of these two low‐velocity bodies consists of 20% partially serpentinized peridotite, continuous with gabbro in the oceanic crust of the uppermost Philippine Sea plate, while the eastern body is composed of 30% partially serpentinized peridotite. We trace the subducting oceanic crust of the Pacific plate to a depth of ∼120 km. The estimated VP/VS ratio of this layer is 1.85–1.90, which indicates a low probability of molten rock; the gabbroic oceanic crust may have been metamorphosed to garnet‐granulite.