bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group Diversity and Innovative Thinking: Lessons Learned From a MOOC on Nanotechnology
Authors: Usher Maya , Barak Miri
Published: July 2023

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) provide unparalleled opportunities for group work with learners worldwide. Online group work has many challenges, such as generating innovative scientific outcomes in collaboration with peers from diverse backgrounds. Limited study was conducted on group diversity and its association with students’ innovative thinking—the cognitive and social processes that lead to the application of new or significantly improved scientific ideas. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify the diversity level of groups formed by MOOC learners, and to examine its association with learners’ perceived innovative thinking and group projects’ innovation level. The study was conducted in the context of a MOOC on nanomaterials. Applying the quasi-experimental design, data were collected among higher education science and engineering learners (N = 109) via pre- and post-questionnaires and learners’ scores for group project innovation. Findings indicated a significant positive correlation between group diversity in terms of academic discipline and learners’ perceived innovative thinking. Findings further indicated significant positive correlations between academic discipline diversity, academic level diversity, and group project innovation. Conversely, mother tongue diversity was negatively correlated with group project innovation. This suggests that the level of nanotechnology projects’ innovation depends on learners’ ability to communicate effectively online.
Chemistry Teachers’ Awareness of Sustainability Through Social Media:Cultural Differences
Authors: Tal Marina , Zreke Dana , Hugerat Muhamad , Hofstein Avi
Published: July 2023

Sustainability has gained paramount importance in recent years, and scientists play a key role in the efforts to attain it. Chemistry teachers focusing on sustainability must educate future citizens, through effective learning that calls for daily student–teacher social interaction as well as ongoing exposure to everyday life events. Most online social media tools have been developed with the aim of maintaining, managing, and enhancing social interactions between people, and have great potential to raise science teachers’ awareness about important environmental issues. The participants in this study included pre-service and in-service science teachers from both the Jewish and Arab sectors in Israel, representing diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The study was designed to assess chemistry teachers’ behaviour and their awareness of sustainability issues. The research tool was an online questionnaire consisting of closed and open-ended items about the participants’ environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour, as well as their habits regarding the social media. In this chapter we discuss the role of social media in raising awareness of, and interest in, sustainable developments, and examine how cultural diversity among participants affects their awareness of it.
Applications of Digital Technology in Chemical Education
Authors: Han Jia Yi , Fung Fun Man
Published: July 2023

When Southeast Asia experienced a major SARS outbreak in 2003, the National University of Singapore (NUS) made supportive efforts so that students continued with their education undisrupted at home by leveraging on digital technology. The COVID-19 pandemic has radically altered the global education landscape by jolting the transition from traditional face-to-face lessons to an online platform, reducing face-to-face contact time between educators and students. At NUS Chemistry, we recognise the challenges that both educators and students face in online learning. In this chapter, we highlight the thoughtful integration of education technologies (EdTechs) in the classrooms in supporting the achievement of course learning outcomes. These EdTechs include an augmented reality (AR) mobile app, 360° immersive laboratory videos, virtual reality (VR) excursions, and VR crime scenes. In the qualitative and quantitative questionnaires, students indicated that the EdTechs provided them with an enhanced understanding of the concepts taught. By sharing our journey in creating these tools through practice, we hope to inspire educators to embrace technology as part of their online lessons, become more adaptive in the everchanging educational landscape, and engage their students more effectively.
Introduction to Building Communities of Learners and Educators
Authors: Towns M. H.
Published: July 2023

Determining how to build a community across learners and educators using tools that were seldom used prior to the pandemic was a challenge for many in the chemistry education community. The methods by which the authors of the following three chapters describe building community bring new theoretical perspectives and fresh practices to our field and capture the moments when our teaching practices and routines were disrupted.
Bringing Back Learning Communities in the 21st Century
Authors: Fung Fun Man , Kim Yongbeom
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the issue of educational inequality. There is evidence that students from low-income families and underrepresented minorities struggled to adjust to the digital environment for various reasons, exacerbating challenges that other students face in a digital classroom. To alleviate these inequalities, we propose that educators deliberately build online student communities using social or digital media platforms. However, establishing such communities prove challenging due to a lack of significant student participation. We suggest two key roles for the instructor: to provide engagement for student participation, and to carefully choose the online platform. For the former, we believe in engaging students through regular reminders and many open-ended discussion questions to spark discourse. For the latter, we suggest five criteria for educators to evaluate platforms: (1) interactional synchronicity; (2) familiarity, convenience and accessibility; (3) anonymity/pseudonymity; (4) distractions to learners; and (5) features for instructional design. With these as a guide, we are sure that online classrooms can provide peer support networks to alleviate educational inequalities, especially in issues regarding motivation and discipline.
The usage of transition metal complexes in electrochemical sensor and biosensor applications
Authors: Aslan S. , Topkaya C. Gökçe , Mamuk A. E. , Altuntaş D. Bal , Göktürk T.
Published: July 2023

Electrochemical biosensors and sensors can be developed in various ways by adjusting electrode or surface properties. Transition metal oxides provide plenty of advantages due to bearing plenty of electron donor groups in their structures. In general, the electrochemical sensor–biosensor systems, transition metal complexes and their utilization as transducer improving material in electrochemical sensor and biosensors are detailed in this chapter.
Electrospun nanofibers: promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Mohamed Mona A. , Abd El-Rahman Mohamed K. , Mousavi Maral P. S.
Published: July 2023

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials science, electrospun nanofibers emerged as a new material with great potential for a variety of applications. Electrospinning is a simple and adaptable process for generation of nanofibers from a viscoelastic fluid using electrostatic repulsion between surface charges. Electrospinning has been used to manufacture nanofibers with low diameters from a wide range of materials. Electrospinning may also be used to construct nanofibers with a variety of secondary structures, including those having a porous, hollow, or core–sheath structure. Due to many attributes including their large specific surface area and high porosity, electrospun nanofibers are suitable for biosensing and environmental monitoring. This book chapter discusses the different methods of nanofiber preparations and the challenges involved, recent research progress in electrospun nanofibers, and the ways to commercialize these nanofiber materials.
An universal oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide electrochemical cells at reduced temperatures
Authors: Kim Jun Hyuk , Kim Dongyeon , Ahn Sejong , Kim Kyeong Joon , Jeon SungHyun , Lim Dae-Kwang , Kim Jun Kyu , Kim Uisik , Im Ha-Ni , Koo Bonjae , Lee Kang Taek , Jung WooChul
Published: July 2023

An universal oxygen-electrode, compatible to both oxygen- and proton-conducting solid oxide electrochemical cells (O-SOCs and H-SOCs, respectively), as well as for electricity and hydrogen production purpose is showcased.
Magnetic cork composites as biosorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction of pesticides in water samples
Authors: Hang Na , Yang Yang , Zang Yuyue , Zhao Wanning , Tao Jing , Li Songqing
Published: July 2023

A type of dispersive solid-phase extraction based on magnetic biosorbents was developed.
Fabrication and application of a 3D-rGO electrochemical sensor for SO2 detection in ionic liquids
Authors: Mi Keqin , Tong Liping , Yu Min , Zhao Yue , Dong Hao , Hou Shifeng
Published: July 2023

Construction of 3D-rGO/CB/GCE sensor and its application in SO2 detection.
Polyether phases of formic acid revealed under high pressure
Authors: Bhatt Himal , Verma Ashok K. , Modak P.
Published: July 2023

Formic acid transforms to unique polyethers under high pressure.
Graphene oxide-fullerene nanocomposite laminates for efficient hydrogen purification
Authors: Guo Qi , Ghalei Behnam , Qin Detao , Mizutani Daizu , Joko Ikumi , Al-Aziz Habib , Higashino Tomohiro , Ito Masateru M , Imahori Hiroshi , Sivaniah Easan
Published: July 2023

Graphene oxide-fullerene nanocomposite laminates achieved excellent gas permeation and selectivity for hydrogen purification.
Nickel-catalyzed direct methylation of arylphosphines via carbon–phosphorus bond cleavage using AlMe3
Authors: Igarashi Takuya , Shimazumi Ryoma , Chatani Naoto , Tobisu Mamoru
Published: July 2023

Ni-catalyzed direct substitution of an aryl group of arylphosphines with a methyl group is developed using AlMe3. This reaction proceeds via the cleavage of unactivated C–P bonds, and phosphine oxides and sulfides can also be methylated directly.
Functional reconstitution and structural characterization of the plant hormone receptor ETR1 in lipid nanodiscs
Authors: Lemke Moritz , Reiners Jens , Smits Sander H. J. , Lakomek Nils , Groth Georg
Published: July 2023

The plant hormone receptor ETR1 nanoparticles obtained in this work provide a major methodological breakthrough for further functional and structural studies on a plant key receptor kinase controlling agronomically important traits.
Sumanene-stacked supramolecular polymers. Dynamic, solvation-directed control
Authors: Mizuno Hiroaki , Nakazawa Hironobu , Harada Makoto , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro , Fukuhara Gaku
Published: July 2023

Buckbowl sumanene induces the spontaneous solution-state supramolecular polymerization due to the sufficiently slower bowl-to-bowl inversion. Interestingly, the solvent, rather than temperature and pressure, can dynamically control the supramolecular polymerization.
Phase stability studies on transition metal phosphates aided by an automated synthesis
Authors: Karafiludis Stephanos , Ryll Tom William , Buzanich Ana G. , Emmerling Franziska , Stawski Tomasz M.
Published: July 2023

An automated synthesis platform was used for the preparation of transition metal phosphate crystals to efficiently explore the multidimensional parameter space, determining the phase selection, crystal sizes, shapes.
Emissive lanthanide dicyanoaurate coordination polymers with 2,2′-bipyridine dioxide antenna groups and their hydration states
Authors: Brown Matthew L. , Karpiuk Thomas E. , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: July 2023

Ln–Au(CN)2-based coordination polymers with 2,2′-bipyridine dioxide ligands in several hydration states show aurophilic interactions, hydrogen bonding and high quantum yields for Ln = Eu and Tb, which decrease with a lowering of the hydration level.
CoP-modified CdS for enhanced stability and photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light
Authors: Li Zijun , Wang Yiqiao , Luo Yongping , Xiao Rui , Ye Hao , Xie Yu , Ma Yongcun , Chen Yong , Ling Yun
Published: July 2023

The weak electron–hole separation ability and the more severe photocorrosion of CdS largely limit its hydrogen precipitation performance.
Correction: Near-infrared metal agents assisting precision medicine: from strategic design to bioimaging and therapeutic applications
Authors: Li Chonglu , Pang Yida , Xu Yuling , Lu Mengjiao , Tu Le , Li Qian , Sharma Amit , Guo Zhenzhong , Li Xiangyang , Sun Yao
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Near-infrared metal agents assisting precision medicine: from strategic design to bioimaging and therapeutic applications’ by Chonglu Li et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 4392–4442, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CS00227F.
A broadband yellow-green emitting mixed orthoborate–pyroborate phosphor, Ba2Sc2B4O11:Ce3+, for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Du Feng , Du Longsheng , Xia Wenqi , Zhao Qianqian , Leng Zhihua , Tang Zuobin
Published: July 2023

A novel mixed orthoborate–pyroborate phosphor, Ba2Sc2B4O11:Ce3+, with a bright broadband yellow-green emission peak at 540 nm was reported, which can be used for achieving full-spectrum white light illumination instead of a green phosphor.
Visible light-activatable platinum(iv) prodrugs harnessing CD36 for ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Jayawardhana Amarasooriya M. D. S. , Bhandari Srijana , Kaspi-Kaneti Ariela W. , Kshetri Man , Qiu Zihan , Cheline May , Shen Hao , Dunietz Barry D. , Zheng Yao-Rong
Published: July 2023

Visible light-activatable Pt(iv) prodrugs harness the upregulated CD36 to facilitate cell entry and killing of drug resistant ovarian cancer cells.
Advances in the preparation and application of microencapsulation to protect food functional ingredients
Authors: Cui Fangchao , Zhang Huawei , Wang Dangfeng , Tan Xiqian , Li Xuepeng , Li Yingmei , Li Jianrong , Li Tingting
Published: July 2023

Functional ingredients have multiple health benefits for humans, but are sensitive to oxidative degradation during manufacture and storage, and have poor chemical stability and reduced bioaccessibility.
Enzymatic preparation of casein hydrolysates with high digestibility and low bitterness studied by peptidomics and random forests analysis
Authors: Hu Yixin , Wang Chenyang , Huang Mingtao , Zheng Lin , Zhao Mouming
Published: July 2023

The release pattern and structural characteristics of bitter peptides affected the bitterness increase behaviors of casein hydrolysates. A high-digestibility and low-bitterness casein hydrolysate was obtained.
Visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free activation of alkynyl triflones for trifluoromethylalkynylation of unactivated 1,6-dialkenes
Authors: Li Yong-Hao , Huang An-Xiang , Zhang Fu-Yi , Sun Kai , Yu Bing
Published: July 2023

A visible-light-induced trifluoromethylalkynylation of 1,6-dialkenes was developed under transition-metal-free and photocatalyst-free conditions, enabling the construction of three C–C bonds in a single preparation step.
Ozonolysis–oxidation-driven top-down strategy for the target preparation of ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework monolayers
Authors: Zhuo Baoliu , Tan Aidong , Xiang Zhipeng , Piao Jinhua , Zheng Wenhao , Wan Kai , Liang Zhenxing , Fu Zhiyong
Published: July 2023

A novel chemical exfoliation method is developed for the target preparation of 2D MOF monolayers from the 3D pillar-layered MOFs.
Characterization of reference materials for in situ U–Pb dating of columbite group minerals by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Yang Ming , Yang Yue-Heng , Romer Rolf L. , Che Xu-Dong , Wang Ru-Cheng , Wu Fu-Yuan , Fei Guang-Chun , Deng Yun , Wu Tao
Published: July 2023

A new ID-TIMS 206Pb/238U age of Coltan139 is reported. Newly characterized reference materials (ZKW and DDB) are introduced for in situ U–Pb dating of columbite group minerals by LA-ICP-MS.
Toward low-emissivity passive heating: a supramolecular-enhanced membrane with warmth retention
Authors: Lei Leqi , Wang Dong , Shi Shuo , Yang Jieqiong , Su Jing , Wang Cong , Si Yifan , Hu Jinlian
Published: July 2023

Benefiting from the low emissivity and the formation of supramolecular interactions, a designed supramolecular-enhanced membrane served as a mid-infrared reflector to solve the conundrum of warmth-wearability performance.
DNA-modulated single-atom nanozymes with enhanced enzyme-like activity for ultrasensitive detection of dopamine
Authors: Wu Zhihan , Liu Wendong , Lu Haijun , Zhang Hongyan , Hao Zhe , Zhang Fanghua , Zhang Ruizhong , Li Xiyan , Zhang Libing
Published: July 2023

DNA can act as an auxiliary regulator via a straightforward incubation method with Fe–N–C SAzymes, causing a leap in the enzyme-like activity of Fe–N–C from moderate to a higher level.
Surface plasmon assisted preparation of X1-type Y2SiO5:Eu3+-Au luminescent crystals
Authors: Xi Lei , Zhang Chengyun , Tuxun Hairegu , Zhang Baobao , Ji Min , Zhou Xilin , Liang Wanqiu , Li Jinyu , Chen Huan , Li Jinping , Fu Zhengkun , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong
Published: July 2023

Schematic diagram of plasmon-driven transformation from NaYF4:Eu3+@SiO2@Au into X1-type Y2SiO5:Eu3+-Au.
Nanozymatic magnetic nanomotors for enhancing photothermal therapy and targeting intracellular SERS sensing
Authors: Liu Shimi , Xu Dandan , Chen Junling , Peng Na , Ma Tao , Liang Feng
Published: July 2023

By making full use of magnetic gold nanocomposite intrinsic properties, a nanozymatic magnetic nanomotor is proposed to improve the effects of photothermal treatment and SERS sensing, realizing the integration of dual driving mechanisms and dual biomedical functions on one nanomotor.
Correction: Label free localization of nanoparticles in live cancer cells using spectroscopic microscopy
Authors: Spicer Graham L. C. , Almassalha Luay , Martinez Ignacio A. , Ellis Ronald , Chandler John E. , Gladstein Scott , Zhang Di , Nguyen The-Quyen , Feder Seth , Subramanian Hariharan , de la Rica Roberto , Thompson Sebastian A. , Backman Vadim
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Label free localization of nanoparticles in live cancer cells using spectroscopic microscopy’ by Graham L. C. Spicer et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 19125–19130, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR07481J.
C4N quantum dots/g-C3N4 nanosheets organic homogeneous structure self-assembly for efficient charge separation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Wang Shijie , Guo Liping , Wang Xuepeng , Liu Haixia , Li Zhenzi , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2023

C4N quantum dots/g-C3N4 nanosheets composites are prepared via self-assembly process, which show excellent photocatalytic H2 production, 2 times than original g-C3N4 nanosheets due to narrow band gap and unique band structure of C4N quantum dots.
Dielectric chiral metasurfaces for enhanced circular dichroism spectroscopy at near infrared regime
Authors: Ali Asif , Khaliq Hafiz Saad , Asad Aqsa , Akbar Jehan , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia
Published: July 2023

A dielectric chiral meta-nano-surface based on a diatomic design strategy is demonstrated to comprehend giant chirality in the NIR regime for potential application in CD spectroscopy, and enantiomer separation and detection.
Exploring thermodynamic and structural properties of carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Shen Jianxiang , Li Xue , Li Ping , Shentu Baoqing
Published: July 2023

The thermal properties and interfacial characteristics of TPU composites filled with pristine or functionalized SWNTs have been investigated using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.
Nickel nanoparticle decorated silicon carbide as a thermal filler in thermal conductive aramid nanofiber-based composite films for heat dissipation applications
Authors: Wang Xin , Dong Huarui , Ma Qingyi , Chen Yanjie , Zhao Xueling , Chen Lifei
Published: July 2023

A novel Ni nanoparticle-decorated SiC composite was prepared as thermal filler; the synergistic effect improved the thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and puncture resistance of the ANF-based composite films.
Facile synthesis of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots with excellent fluorescence emission towards cellular imaging
Authors: Cao Fang-Jun , Hou Xiang , Wang Kai-Feng , Jin Tie-Zhi , Feng Hui
Published: July 2023

The fluorescent P,N-CDs were prepared by the facile solvothermal decomposition of urea and HEDP in formamide. The resultant P,N-CDs exhibit low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility and bioimaging.
First-principle insight into the structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of Cs-based double perovskites Cs2XCrCl6 (X = K, Na)
Authors: Al-Humaidi Jehan Y. , Ullah Abd , Khan Naimat Ullah , Iqbal Javed , Khan Sajid , Algahtani Ali , Tirth Vineet , Al-Mughanam Tawfiq , Refat Moamen S. , Zaman Abid
Published: July 2023

This study communicates the theoretical investigations on the cubic double perovskite compounds Cs2XCrCl6 (X = K or Na).
Cationic tetranuclear macrocyclic CaCo3 complexes as highly active catalysts for alternating copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide
Authors: Nagae Haruki , Matsushiro Saki , Okuda Jun , Mashima Kazushi
Published: July 2023

We found that a cationic hetero tetranuclear complex including a calcium and three cobalts exhibited high catalytic activity toward alternating copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Comparative study of CO2insertion into pincer supported palladium alkyl and aryl complexes
Authors: Deziel Anthony P. , Gahlawat Sahil , Hazari Nilay , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Mercado Brandon Q.
Published: July 2023

The synthesis of a range of PBP supported palladium pincer complexes with different alkyl ligands is described. The rates of CO2insertion into the alkyl group are quantified and rationalized based on the identity of the alkyl ligand.
Ni/Co in and on CeO2: a comparative study on the dry reforming reaction
Authors: Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Patrikar Kalyani , Mondal Anirban , Sharma Sudhanshu
Published: July 2023

Sketch for the mechanism on the basis of transient studies of methane decomposition and the CO2 reaction with deposited carbon after CH4 decomposition on Co-substituted CeO2.
Highly loaded gold (Au) nanoseeds with uniform distribution on 3D carbon foam for long-cycle lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Song Ji-Yoon , Yoon Jeesoo , Suk Jungdon , Wu Mihye , Jung Hee-Tae
Published: July 2023

Highly loaded Au nanoseeds (∼ 65 wt%) without aggregation by introducing highly defective substrate and carbothermalshock method showed high stability inhibiting Li dendrite growh in Li-metal batteries.
The Adverse Effects and Events of Thickened Liquid Use in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Werden Abrams Sophia , Gandhi Pooja , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Practice pattern studies suggest that liquid modification is currently a primary strategy used by speech-language pathologists to manage dysphagia; however, the breadth of negative consequences associated with their use is not well understood. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence on adverse events and effects of thickened liquid (TL) use in adults.

Method:

Six databases were searched in February 2022: EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Speechbite, AMED, AgeLine, and CINAHL. Articles were included if they compared adults receiving different TL viscosities and discussed at least one adverse event or effect of consuming TLs. Articles were excluded if they were review articles, rehabilitation studies, rheological analyses, not in English, or not peer reviewed. Screening and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools.

Results:

Thirty-three studies (N= 4,990 participants across all studies) were eligible for inclusion (2,405 unique records screened). Reported adverse events included dehydration (n= 5), pneumonia (n= 4), death (n= 2), urinary tract infection (n= 1), and hospitalization (n= 1); adverse effects included reduced quality of life (n= 18), aspiration (n= 12), reduced intake (n= 8), increased residue (n= 4), and reduced medication bioavailability (n= 2). Results were mapped on to codes and domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Conclusions:

A range of adverse outcomes associated with TL use were identified. Adverse outcomes should be monitored and reported in dysphagia research. Given current research evidence, it is vital for clinicians to weigh the risks and benefits of TL use to mitigate potential adverse outcomes.
Optimization of mobile‐relay‐aided base station sleep mode in wireless dense small cell network
Authors: Kim Minhoe
Published: July 2023

In this paper, a novel sleep‐mode base station (BS) selection scheme, namely forced handover, is proposed using the mobile stations as mobile relay stations in order to maximize number of sleeping BSs. Forced‐handover is a concept of forcing edge mobile stations to neighbour relay stations for both energy saving and SINR improvement of the network. The proposed energy saving scheme can be applied to not only micro sleep and macro sleep mode but also turning off the BSs. The performances of BS sleep mode schemes is investigated in various environments such as small cell network and different user distributions.
Optimized recess etching criteria for T‐gate fabrication achieving ft = 290 GHz at Lg = 124 nm in metamorphic high electron mobility transistor with In0.7Ga0.3As channel
Authors: Park Jong Yul , Min Byoung‐Gue , Lee Jong‐Min , Chang Woojin , Kang Dong Min , Jang E‐San , Kim Junhyung , Kim Jeong‐Gil
Published: July 2023

The authors propose criteria for recess etching to fabricate T‐gate used in InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). By patterning additional rectangular pads on the source and drain metals in the e‐beam lithography step, it is possible to measure the drain‐to‐source resistance (Rds) and current (Ids). The ratio (Γ) of before and after etching for each Rds and Ids can be used as criteria to determine the point in time to stop etching. By performing recess etching with Γ= 1.97 for Rds and Γ= 0.38 for Ids on an epiwafer having cap doping concentration of 2 × 1019 cm−3 and channel indium content of 0.7, the authors have fabricated InGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) device showing gm,max= 1603 mS/mm and ft= 290 GHz at Lg= 124 nm. The criteria presented can be applied to InGaAs HEMTs with various epitaxial structures.
Y00 quantum noise randomised cipher; theoretical and experimental background
Authors: Iwakoshi Talehisa
Published: July 2023

As past works have shown, information‐theoretically secure implementations transmitters of Y00 quantum noise randomised cypher are possible. An advance to the provably secure Y00 protocol by bridging gaps between experimental results and theoretical analyses under so‐called quantum collective measurement attacks with known plaintexts is aimed. It would be the strongest attack on the Y00 protocol in the context of quantum key distribution protocols. However, recently proposed security evaluations under the attacks were too abstract to apply to experiments. Therefore, security analyses directly evaluable with the equipped Y00 transmitters under attack are offered. Thus, new security indices are proposed instead of ordinary security measures, such as the bit‐error‐rate guarantee between optical signals or a masking size. Contrarily, unsolved problems are also listed.
Multi‐criteria decision‐making approach for optimal and probabilistic planning of passive harmonic filters in harmonically polluted industrial network with photovoltaic resources
Authors: Khajouei Javad , Shakeri Sina , Esmaeili Saeid , Nosratabadi Seyyed Mostafa
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, nonlinear loads are widely employed within the industrial applications that cause harmonic distortions in the network. Passive harmonic filters stand out as the preeminent and cost‐efficient remedy for mitigating the impact of harmonic distortions. Any changes in power system conditions such as load variability and photovoltaic resources uncertainty have a significant impact on the harmonic conditions which can affect the quantity and positioning of passive harmonic filters. Hence, in this paper, a method including an innovative optimization problem is proposed for probabilistic planning of passive harmonic filters considering system conditions variability, which is solved by heuristic methods and multi‐criteria decision‐making techniques. By doing this, a solution is obtained where grid losses and the passive harmonic filter costs are minimized and the power factor and frequency response are improved on selected buses. Also, in this paper, the index that gauges the severity of total harmonic distortion is proposed to determine the worst case of the network in terms of harmonic distortions which is so vital for system operators, especially the systematic approach to designing passive harmonic filters. To indicate the efficiency of the proposed approach, the electrical system of an actual Iranian copper mine of significant scale is employed, featuring the integration of non‐linear loads.
HDT network: A high‐resolution range profile multi‐target detection and tracking method based on neural network
Authors: Sun Lin , Liu Huawei , Wang Chaoyi , Li Baoqing
Published: July 2023

In radar target detection and tracking tasks, the detection algorithm and data association algorithm are the primary technologies. The accuracy of detection, stability of tracking and processing speed are the key points to accomplishing effective high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) multi‐target tracking (MTT). Classic HRRP target tracking algorithms conduct the detection by extracting handcraft features and conduct tracking based on the data association algorithm. With the development of neural network methods, deep learning methods have been widely applied in target detection and tracking. An HRRP detection and tracking (HDT) network based on neural networks is proposed, which includes three steps: Firstly, the HRRP signal is processed by a convolutional neural network detector to extract the feature of the origin signal and generate the detection measurement. Secondly, a predicted measurement is generated by a Kalman filter, which estimates the current state of the target based on its previous states and the detection measurement. Finally, the ReID network calculates the cosine similarity between the tracks and measurements to associate them and a linear sum assignment operation is used to match the tracks and measurements. By using the proposed algorithm, the HDT network is capable of detecting and tracking multiple targets in complex cluttered environments with high accuracy. Experimental results on an HRRP dataset collected by a moving radar platform show the outstanding performance of the HDT network, including detection accuracy, track integrity and real‐time MTT.
Quality assessments, performance, and emissions evaluation of biodiesel from citrullus lanatus oil seeds and diesel blends in compression ignition engine
Authors: Narayan Sunny , Kaisan Muhammad Usman , Mahroogi Faisal O.
Published: July 2023

Due to limited stock of levels of fossil fuel resources and ecological issues, biodiesel is becoming an attractive alternative choice for replacing conventional fuels. Biodiesel can be used by mixing with different fuels like citrullus lanatus seeds, camphor, cleaner fuel injector, sunflower, safflower, soybean, cottonseed, rapeseed, palm, Jatropha, and Moringa oil seeds.

This paper reviews use of biofuels blended with citrullus lanatus seeds. The citrullus lanatus biodiesel was mixed with diesel in different percentages by volume. Some physico‐chemical characteristics of blends and pure diesel were investigated and it was established that it conforms to the American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. The exceptions were the viscosity and specific gravity of the pure biodiesel B100 which were 0.09 and 0.018 mm2/s above the ASTM standard, respectively. All blends were run on a stationary 4‐cylinder diesel engine at 70% loading and speeds of 1500, 2000, and 2500 rpm. It was deduced that B10 gave the best brake power, thermal efficiency, and optimum specific fuel consumption at a speed of 2500 rpm. B15 gave the highest brake mean effective pressure. B25 and B100 gave the least values of brake power and brake thermal efficiency across the speeds. B100 gave the highest brake specific fuel consumption. Furthermore, the exhaust emission gases such as CO2, CO, NOx, and HC in different engine conditions stated above were recorded and analyzed. It was found that B25 emitted about 53% lesser CO2 and 37% lesser CO as compared to pure diesel with zero HC at 2500 rpm. The blends were better in terms of engine performance and also in reduction of emissions in most cases, than pure diesel fuel.

Problem statement: Various emissions from engines like unburnt hydro carbons, particulate emissions, NOx, and CO have bad effects on ecology. This work presents an overview on use of novel hybrid fuels in compression ignition engines with an aim of mitigating effects of emissions on environment. Biodiesel was blended with Citrullus lanatus oil and pure diesel in different proportions to see effects on performance of diesel engines. The presented work may pave the way for use of alternative cheap and environmentally friendly fuels in automotive systems.
Interferometric visibility of single-lens models: The thin-arcs approximation
Authors: Cassan Arnaud
Published: July 2023

Long baseline interferometry of microlensing events can resolve the individual images of the source produced by the lens, which combined with the modelling of the microlensing light curve, leads to the exact lens mass and distance. Interferometric observations thus offer a unique opportunity to constrain the mass of exoplanets detected by microlensing, and to precisely measure the mass of distant isolated objects such as stars and brown dwarfs, and of stellar remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and stellar black holes. Having accurate models and reliable numerical methods is of particular importance as the number of targets is expected to increase significantly in the near future. In this work we discuss the different approaches to calculating the fringe complex visibility for the important case of a single lens. We propose a robust integration scheme to calculate the exact visibility, and introduce a novel approximation, which we call the ‘thin-arcs approximation’, which can be applied over a wide range of lens-source separations. We find that this approximation runs six to ten times faster than the exact calculation, depending of the characteristics of the event and the required accuracy. This approximation provides accurate results for microlensing events of medium to high magnification observed around the peak (i.e. a large fraction of potential observational targets).
Mathematical modeling of leukemia chemotherapy in bone marrow
Authors: Niño-López Ana , Chulián Salvador , Martínez-Rubio Álvaro , Blázquez-Goñi Cristina , Rosa María
Published: July 2023

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) accounts for the 80% of leukemias when coming down to pediatric ages. Survival of these patients has increased by a considerable amount in recent years. However, around 15 20% of treatments are unsuccessful. For this reason, it is definitely required to come up with new strategies to study and select which patients are at higher risk of relapse. Thus the importance to monitor the amount of leukemic cells to predict relapses in the first treatment phase. In this work, we develop a mathematical model describing the behavior of ALL, examining the evolution of a leukemic clone when treatment is applied. In the study of this model it can be observed how the risk of relapse is connected with the response in the first treatment phase. This model is able to simulate cell dynamics without treatment, representing a virtual patient bone marrow behavior. Furthermore, several parameters are related to treatment dynamics, therefore proposing a basis for future works regarding childhood ALL survival improvement.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe
Published: July 2023

Feinstaub in der Luft, Blei im Boden, Toxine im Trinkwasser: Eine zunehmende
Belastung mit Umweltgiften ist der Preis dafür, den wir für unsere
moderne Lebensweise geprägt von einem Übermaß an
Bequemlichkeiten und vermeintlich attraktiven Versuchungen bezahlen. Unsere Atemluft
ist durch Feinstaub, Stickoxide und zahlreiche andere Xenobiotika aus der Industrie
verschmutzt. In unseren Wohnungen und Büros wird unser Körper mit
Toxinen aus Bodenbelägen oder Holzschutzmitteln konfrontiert. Einer
aktuellen Studie zufolge zählt die zunehmende Umweltverschmutzung zu den
größten Gesundheitsgefahren unserer Zeit – mit mehr
Todesopfern als Krieg, Malaria oder Terrorismus zusammen. Dieser im Lancet 2022
publizierten Studie von Fuller et al. zufolge ist Umweltverschmutzung für
weltweit jeden 6. vorzeitigen Todesfall verantwortlich.
Skapuladyskinesie: wenn’s im Schultergürtel nicht mehr läuft
Authors: Gunti Annina , Haupt-Bertschy Bettina
Published: July 2023

Klagen Patient*innen über Schulterbeschwerden, ist die Ursache oft eine Dyskinesie der Skapula. Häufig sind dafür muskuläre Dysbalancen verantwortlich, die sich mit gezielten Übungen gut behandeln lassen.
Biotransformation: Zellschutz und Entgiftung
Authors: Runow Klaus-Dietrich
Published: July 2023

Bei chronischen Erkrankungen sollte stets die Leberbelastung durch endogene und
exogene Gifte bzw. die Entgiftungsleistung beachtet werden. Zahlreiche
Single-Nukleotid-Polymorphismen können die Entgiftung
beeinträchtigen, das Risko für nichtalkoholische Fettleber und
metabolisches Syndrom steigt bei den Betroffenen. Eine umfangreiche Stuhl- und
Verdauungsanalyse ist wichtiger Bestandteil der Diagnostik der Leberbelastung.
In der Zellschutz- und Entgiftungstherapie spielen die mitochondrialen
Schutzsubstanzen Coenzym Q10, α-Liponsäure, Glutathion, Vitamin
E, Niacin, Melatonin und Silymarin aus der Mariendistel eine wichtige Rolle.
Hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie verbessert die Regeneration von Leberzellen und die
Entgiftung durch Plasmaoxygenierung.
ctHPV-DNA-basierte Präzisionsonkologie für Patienten mit Oropharynxkarzinom – wo stehen wir?
Authors: Wuerdemann Nora , Joosse Simon , Klasen Charlotte , Prinz Johanna , Demers Imke , George Julie , Speel Ernst-Jan Maria , Wagner Steffen , Klußmann Jens Peter
Published: July 2023

Das humane Papillomavirus (HPV) ist im Kopf-Hals-Bereich ein gesicherter ätiologischer Faktor für die Entstehung von oropharyngealen Plattenepithelkarzinomen (engl. OPSCC). Die gute Überlebensrate rechtfertigt die derzeitige Diskussion einer Therapiedeeskalation für Patienten mit einem geringeren Risikoprofil. Ungeachtet des immunhistochemisch nachweisbaren Biomarkers p16INK4a besteht ein hoher Bedarf an diagnostischen und prognostischen Biomarkern, um eine valide Risikostratifizierung und Überwachung der Patienten unter Therapie und in der Nachsorge ermöglichen zu können. Die Liquid Biopsy, insbesondere in Form von Plasmaproben, hat aus diesem Grund in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen und wird bereits bei Epstein-Barr-Virus-assoziierten Nasopharynxkarzinomen zum Monitoring der Virus-DNA eingesetzt. Die zirkulierende Tumor-DNA (ctDNA), welche von dem Tumor in die Blutbahn abgegeben wird, lässt sich besonders bei Virus-assoziierten Karzinomen mit hoher Spezifität nachweisen. Die Detektion der viralen Onkogene E6 und E7 bei HPV-positiven OPSCC erfolgt überwiegend mittels droplet-digital/quantitativer PCR sowie Next Generation Sequencing. Die im Blutstrom erfassbare HPV-assoziierte DNA ist bei Diagnosestellung mit dem Tumorstadium und mit dem Auftreten von lokoregionalen sowie entfernten Metastasen assoziiert. Longitudinale Untersuchungen haben weiterhin ergeben, dass nachweisbare bzw. ansteigende ctHPV-DNA-Werte im Blut im Zusammenhang mit einem Scheitern der Therapie bzw. einem Rückfall der Erkrankung stehen. Eine Standardisierung des Verfahrens ist jedoch notwendig, bevor die Liquid Biopsy endgültig Einzug in die klinische Diagnostik erhält und eine valide Reflexion das Krankheitsgeschehen ermöglichen kann.
Aufarbeitung von COVID-19: Der Elefant im Raum
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: July 2023

Die Redewendung vom „Elefanten im Raum“ stammt ursprünglich
aus einer russischen Fabel, welche vom Museumsbesuch eines Wissbegierigen
erzählt, der vor lauter Begeisterung über kleine Insekten den im
selben Raum ebenfalls ausgestellten großen Elefanten übersieht 1. Abstrahiert beschreibt Krylows Fabel einen
Sachverhalt, welcher angesichts seiner Bedeutung das Gespräch dominieren und
große Aufmerksamkeit bekommen müsste, aber überraschender
Weise nicht thematisiert wird. Auch aus dem asiatischen Raum ist eine
Lehrerzählung mit Bezug zu einem Elefanten überliefert. So wird im
buddhistischen Palikanon die Geschichte von blind geborenen Männern
erzählt, die von ihrem König an jeweils unterschiedliche Stellen
eines Elefanten herangeführt werden – Kopf, Ohren,
Stoßzähne, Rüssel, Beine, Schwanz usw. – und
anschließend berichten sollen, was ein Elefant sei. Die Antworten fallen
recht unterschiedlich aus: Der den Kopf des Elefanten betasten konnte, zieht den
Vergleich mit einem großen Kessel, der das Ohr betastet hatte, berichtet von
einer Ähnlichkeit mit einer Schaufel, der den Stoßzahn betastet
hatte, zieht den Vergleich mit einer Pflugschar, andere berichten von einer Stange,
einer Säule und einem Besen. „Und unter dem Geschrei: ,So ist ein
Elefant, ein Elefant ist nicht so; nicht so ist ein Elefant, ein Elefant ist
so’, wurden sie mit den Fäusten gegenseitig handgemein.
[…] Genau so, ihr Mönche, verhält es sich mit den
Wanderasketen verschiedener Richtungen. Blind und augenlos erkennen sie nicht,
worauf es ankommt und worauf es nicht ankommt; sie erkennen nicht die Wahrheit
und was nicht die Wahrheit ist.“ 2.
Age-Related Hand Grip and Quadriceps Muscle Strength Ratio, Fall
Risk, and Balance in Healthy Adults
Authors: Kizmaz Erhan , Karabag Muhammet Alper , Özer Mediha Kübra , Unver Fatma
Published: July 2023

Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between
age-related hand grip and quadriceps muscle strength ratio, fall risk and
balance in healthy adults, and also to show the interaction between these
parameters.

Methods 92 participants were examined in 6 groups as 18–29,
30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70 and older
individuals. Fall risk, balance, grip strength and quadriceps muscle strength
were evaluated. The correlation between the grip/quadriceps strength
ratio (G/Q) and the risk of falling and balance was examined.

Results There was no significant difference between G/Q and
balance or fall risk in all age groups. In addition, it showed moderate and
significant correlations with grip and quadriceps muscle strength, balance, and
fall risk in groups aged 60 years and older.

Conclusion It is not sufficient to use the ratio of hand grip strength and
quadriceps muscle strength in different age groups to predict balance and fall
risk. Various test combinations as well as different parameters such as lower
extremity endurance and flexibility can be used to evaluate physiological fall
risk and balance in the future studies.
Urgent Endovascular Aortic Repair Requiring Coverage of the Left Subclavian Artery
Authors: Haldenwang Peter L. , Heute Christoph , Schero Karla J. , Schlömicher Markus , Haeuser Lorine , Nicolas Volkmar , Strauch Justus T.
Published: July 2023

Background Evaluation of the optimal left subclavian artery (LSA) management during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) involving the distal aortic arch in an urgent setting.

Methods A total of 52 patients with acute aortic syndromes underwent TEVAR (March 2017 to May 2021) requiring proximal landing in the distal aortic arch. Decision for partial or complete LSA ostial endograft coverage, with or without additional bypassing, was made depending upon the aortic pathology and vascular anatomy. We focused on the patency of the circle of Willis and the unilateral dominance of one carotid or a vertebral artery: 35% underwent complete (complete LSA group) and 17% partial LSA coverage (partial LSA group), whereas in 48% the LSA was reached only by the bare springs of the endograft (control group). A total of 22% of the complete LSA group underwent LSA bypass before TEVAR, whereas 11% underwent cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Endpoints were 30-day and 1-year mortality, stroke, spinal cord ischemia (SCI), and malperfusion.

Results Technical success was achieved in 96%. The endograft length was 171 ± 34 (complete LSA group) versus 151 ± 22 (partial LSA group) versus 181 ± 52 mm (control group), covering 6 ± 2 versus 5 ± 1 versus 7 ± 2 intercostal arteries. The 30-day mortality, stroke and SCI rates did not differ. One patient with arm malperfusion underwent LSA bypass post-TEVAR. After 1 year, aortic interventions occurred in 6 (complete LSA group) versus 22 (partial LSA group) versus 13% (control group). One-year mortality (0 vs. 0 vs. 8%), stroke (6 vs. 0 vs. 4%), and SCI (0 vs. 0 vs. 4%) were similar between groups.

Conclusion With an adequate analysis of vascular anatomy, coverage of the LSA for TEVAR is safe and may offer results similar to TEVAR starting distal to the LSA.
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes of Adrenal Tumors in
Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kim Ja Hye , Choi Yunha , Hwang Soojin , Yoon Ji-Hee , Kim Gu-Hwan , Yoo Han-Wook , Choi Jin-Ho
Published: July 2023

Objective Adrenal tumors are generally rare in children and can be a part
of familial cancer syndrome. This research was conducted to examine the clinical
outcomes, histopathological results, and genetic etiologies of adrenal tumors in
children and adolescents.

Methods Thirty-one children and adolescents with adrenal tumors were
included. Data on clinical outcomes and endocrine and radiologic results were
retrospectively analyzed. Molecular analysis was conducted in select patients
according to their phenotype and family history.

Results The median age at diagnosis was 7.9 years (range: 0.8−17.8
years) with 5.1±1.8 cm of maximum tumor diameter. Adrenal
adenoma (n=7), carcinoma (n=5), borderline (n=2),
isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease (n=2), pheochromocytoma
(n=8), paraganglioma (n=3), and ganglioneuroma (n=4) are
all pathological diagnoses. The most common presenting symptom was excess
production of adrenocortical hormones (n=15), including virilization and
Cushing syndrome. Non-functioning adrenocortical tumors were found in a patient
with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Genetic etiologies were identified in
TP53 (n=5), VHL (n=4), and PRKACA
(n=1). Patients with mutations in TP53 were young
(1.5±0.5 years) and had large masses (6.1±2.3 cm).

Conclusions This study describes clinical outcomes and the pathological
spectrum of adrenal tumors in children and adolescents. Adrenocortical tumors
mostly presented with an excess of the adrenocortical hormone. Patients with
genetic defects presented at a young age and large size of tumors, necessitating
genetic testing in patients at a young age.