bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic source representations for spall
Authors: Day Steven M. , McLaughlin Keith L.
Published: September 2021

Spall may be a significant secondary source of seismic waves from underground explosions. The proper representation of spall as a seismic source is important for forward and inverse modeling of explosions for yield estimation and discrimination studies. We present a new derivation of a widely used point force representation for spall, which is based on a horizontal tension crack model. The derivation clarifies the relationship between point force and moment tensor representations of the tension crack. For wavelengths long compared with spall depth, the two representations are equivalent, and the moment tensor time history is proportional to the doubly integrated time history of the point force. Numerical experiments verify that, for regional seismic phases, this equivalence is valid for all frequencies for which the point-source (long wavelength) approximation is valid. Further analysis shows that the moment tensor and point force representations retain their validity for nonplanar spall surfaces, provided that the average dip of the surface is small. The equivalency of the two representations implies that a singular inverse problem will result from attempts to infer simultaneously the spectra of both of these source terms from seismic waveforms. If the spall moment tensor alone is estimated by inversion of waveform data, the inferred numerical values of its components will depend inversely upon the source depth that is assumed in the inversion formalism.
High-frequency borehole seismograms recorded in the San Jcinto Fault zone, Southern California Part 2. Attenuation and site effects
Authors: Aster Richard C. , Shearer Peter M.
Published: September 2021

We examine surface and downhole P- and S-wave spectra from local earthquakes recorded at two borehole seismometer arrays (KNW-BH and PFO-BH) installed in the Southern California Batholith region of the San Jacinto Fault zone by the U.S. Geological Survey to assess the influence of the weathered layer on the spectral content of high-frequency (2 to 200 Hz) seismic signals.

Earthquake signals recorded downhole at both sites show significantly improved seismic bandwidth due to both a reduction in ambient noise levels and (especially) to dramatically increased levels of high-frequency signal. Significant seismic signal is observed up to approximately 190 Hz for P waves at KNW-BH. Stacked spectral ratios from these signals indicate that the highly weathered near-surface (between 0 and 150 m) at KNW-BH and PFO-BH exerts a much larger influence on seismic signals than deeper (between 150 and 300 m) material. Modeling of uphole/downhole spectral ratio data suggests Qα ≈ 6.5 and Qβ ≈ 9 between 0 and 150 m, increasing to Qα ≈ 27 and Qβ ≳ 26 between 150 and 300 m. An outcrop-mounted Anza network station, deployed approximately 0.4 km from KNW-BH, displays roughly similar high-frequency content to the KNW-BH downhole sensors, but it exhibits spectra that are significantly colored by directional resonances.

Low-Q and low-velocity near-surface material forms a lossy boundary layer at these borehole sites that is advantageous to the high-frequency downhole environment; not only are noise levels reduced, but reflections from the surface and near-surface are greatly attenuated. As a result, high-frequency recordings from below the weathered zone more nearly resemble those recorded in a whole space than would otherwise be expected.
Complex faulting deduced from broadband modeling of the 28 February 1990 Upland earthquake (ML = 5.2)
Authors: Dreger Douglas S. , Helmberger Donald V.
Published: September 2021

The 1990 Upland earthquake was one of the first sizable local events to be recorded broadband at Pasadena, where the Green's functions appropriate for the path are known from a previous study. The synthetics developed in modeling the 1988 Upland sequence were available for use in rapid assessment of the activity. First-motion studies from the Caltech-USGS array data gave two solutions for the 1990 main shock based on the choice of regional velocity models. Although these focal mechanisms differ by less than 5° in strike and 20° rake, it proved possible to further constrain the solution using these derived Green's functions and a three-component waveform inversion scheme. We obtain from long-period waves a fault-plane solution of θ = 216°, δ = 77°, λ = 5.0°, M0 = 2.5 × 1024 dyne-cm, depth = 6 km, and a source duration of 1.2 sec, for which the orientation and source depth are in good agreement with the first-motion results of Hauksson and Jones (1991). Comparisons of the broadband displacement records with the high-pass Wood-Anderson simulations suggests the 1990 earthquake was a complicated event with a strong asperity at depth. Double point-source models indicate that about 30 per cent of the moment was released from a 9-km deep asperity following the initial source by 0.0 to 0.5 sec. Our best-fitting distributed fault model indicates that the timing of our point-source results is feasible assuming a reasonable rupture velocity. The rupture initiated at a depth of about 6 km and propagated downward on a 3.5 by 3.5 km (length by width) fault. Both the inversion of long-period waves and the distributed fault modeling indicate that the main shock did not rupture the entire depth extent of the fault defined by the aftershock zone. A relatively small asperity (about 1.0 km2) with a greater than 1 kbar stress drop controls the short-period Wood-Anderson waveforms. This asperity appears to be located in a region where seismicity shows a bend in the fault plane.
Detecting local and regional seismic events using the data-adaptive method at the VAF seismograph station in Finland
Authors: Tarvainen Matti
Published: September 2021

The data-adaptive autoregressive (hereafter DA) method was used to detect local and regional seismic events using digital data from the Vaasa (VAF) station with co-ordinates (62.3°N, 22.2°E) in western Finland.

The seismic signal and the noise were assumed to have been normally distributed stochastic processes with a zero mean. The parameters of these processes were then adapted on the change of the registered signal as a function of time within a predefined detection window.

The accuracy of the method presented is compared with the STA/LTA and visual methods. When the same detection threshold was used with the DA detector and the STA/LTA detector, it was found that the DA detector was more precise in detecting the onsets of seismic events. Bandpass (1.5 to 20 Hz) filtering was used in all the events discussed. This was done to reject the long-period microseismic noise. In one case, the detector was used on nonfiltered as well as filtered data, in order to show coinciding results.
Horizontal deformation associated with the Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Snay R. A. , Neugebauer H. C. , Prescott W. H.
Published: September 2021

Co-seismic horizontal displacements for the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake were derived from preseismic triangulation/trilateration observations and post-seismic GPS observations. As part of this process, the empirical model entitled TDP-H91 was applied to “correct” the preseismic measurements for the crustal motion that occurred during the seven decades spanned by these data. These newly derived displacements were combined with previously documented geodetic results to generate a dislocation model for the earthquake. Our preferred model consists of a vertically segmented rupture surface represented by two rectangles that share a common edge at a depth of 9 km. The upper rectangle dips 90° and the lower rectangle dips 70°SW. Via a trial-and-error technique, the following estimates were found for the remaining parameters: strike = 134.4 ± 0.7°, fault length = 32.4 ± 0.7 km, upper depth = 4.8 ± 0.1 km, lower depth = 15.1 ± 0.3 km, right-lateral strike slip = 1.86 ± 0.06 m for the upper rectangle and 1.96 ± 0.13 m for the lower rectangle, and thrusting dip slip = 1.06 ± 0.06 m for the upper rectangle and 2.30 ± 0.18 m for the lower rectangle.
Estimation of ground motion at deep-soil sites in eastern North America
Authors: Boore David M. , Joyner William B.
Published: September 2021

The stochastic model used previously to estimate motions at hard-rock sites in eastern North America has been modified to include the effect of deep soils. We simulated motions for a number of distances and magnitudes for a representative soil column and used these motions to derive equations giving ground motion as a simple function of magnitude and distance. These new equations are intended for use in building codes and those engineering applications that do not require detailed site evaluations. The ground motions for which we derived equations include 5%-damped response spectra at 13 periods ranging from 0.05 to 4 sec, peak acceleration and the maximum pseudovelocity and maximum pseudoacceleration responses. The latter two quantities are introduced here for the first time. They represent the maxima over the period range 0.1 to 4 sec for a given magnitude and distance, and they may be useful as a basis for determining the seismic coefficient in building codes.
Three-component analysis of regional phases at NORESS and ARCESS: Polarization and phase identification
Authors: Suteau-Henson Anne
Published: September 2021

Particle motion characteristics of short-period three-component (3-C) data are compared for various seismic phases at NORESS and ARCESS, and their usefulness for phase identification is evaluated. Continuous recordings at the arrays of 3-C elements were processed during routine operation of the Intelligent Monitoring System (IMS). The data set used in this study consists of 3822 arrivals extracted from the IMS database and covers a period of about 2.5 months. First, polarization attributes and azimuth of the dominant linear motion are compared for local/regional phases (Pn, Pg, Sn, Lg) at the two arrays. P-type arrivals have larger angles of incidence at ARCESS than at NORESS, on average, for similar ranges of distance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This can be partly explained by higher crustal velocities under the ARCESS array. Also, at ARCESS the ratio of horizontal to vertical power is similar for Sn and Lg, on average, while at NORESS it is larger for Sn, Sn and Lg azimuths at ARCESS (and Lg azimuth at NORESS, with more scatter) provide good estimates of backazimuth (with a 180° ambiguity) and indicate predominance of SH motion at ARCESS. In the second part of this study, multivariate data analysis is performed to obtain phase identifications (with associated confidence), using polarization attributes as predictors. P- and S-type phases are distinguished with a success rate of 82% at NORESS and 89% at ARCESS. The performance is even better for P-type arrivals with 3-C SNR > 2 (96 and 98%, respectively). Sn and Lg are correctly identified for 74% of S-type phases at NORESS and 64% at ARCESS. Contamination of Lg by Sn coda at shorter ranges and dominant SH motion for both S-type phases at ARCESS affect the performance. This study shows the importance of evaluating each 3-C station individually.
Análisis comparativo de segmentación semántica de nubes de puntos con redes neuronales.
Authors: Espacio Alejandro , Salamanca Santiago , Merchán Pilar , Pérez Emiliano , Punzón Samuel
Published: September 2021

Desde sus inicios, el ámbito de la visión por computador se ha esforzado por recabar de imágenes 2D y espacios 3D la información y el conocimiento que el ser humano puede extraer fácilmente con un solo vistazo. Los métodos más efectivos han apostado por llevar el concepto de inteligencia artificial un paso más allá, optando por unir la extracción de información con el uso de redes neuronales, dando como resultado lo que hoy llamamos aprendizaje profundo, una de las ramas de la computación que más desafíos ofrece a día de hoy. Este artículo no busca sino realizar una recopilación de aquellos métodos que siguen siendo la base, como PointNet, de muchos estudios recientes, así como aquellos que bien podrían suponer nuevas líneas de investigación en el campo de la segmentación semántica de escenas y modelos tridimensionales, dada la importancia y el reto derivado de trabajar con nubes de puntos. Con este objetivo, se realiza una comparativa entre los métodos para quienes deseen introducirse en este campo, considerando aspectos que se creen convenientes para trabajar con nubes de puntos reales.
Arquitectura modular para la gestión automática del tráfico en rotondas
Authors: Lara-Domínguez Adrián , Uribe-Chavert Pedro , Poza-Luján José-Luis , Posadas-Yagüe Juan-Luis
Published: September 2021

En los entornos de movilidad, calles o carreteras, los cruces y las rotondas pueden generar problemas de atascos. Poder optimizar el tráfico entrante y saliente de un cruce o rotonda es uno de los campos de investigación de los sistemas de control inteligente. Para optimizar el tráfico se debe disponer de dispositivos capaces de detectar los vehículos así como de actuar, regulando el tráfico, de forma dinámica para adaptarse a las distintas circunstancias. El sistema presentado busca la adaptación a las necesidades de tráfico en una rotonda. Dependiendo de la saturación de cada carril de entrada se intenta crear un tráfico fluido y continuo en el interior de la misma. Para lograr mejorar el tráfico, en este trabajo se presenta una arquitectura modular que permite adaptarse a cualquier cruce o rotonda para, a partir del control específico de un sector, mejorar el rendimiento global. El sistema simulado está compuesto por dispositivos independientes, que, dependiendo de la información adquirida varían el tiempo de paso. Se presenta, asimismo, un experimento de simulaci ón en el que se pone en valor la capacidad de reducir el tráfico adaptando los tiempos de paso en función de la demanda. Los resultados muestran que es posible descongestionar una rotonda cuando se automatizan dinámicamente los tiempos de paso sobre los que se tiene control.
Revisión de tecnologías habilitadoras para el control biológico y de plagas en el sector hortofrutícola
Authors: Martín Cristian , Llopis Luis , Rubio Bartolomé , Díaz Manuel , Díaz Fernando
Published: September 2021

La monitorización continua tanto de plagas que afectan a los cultivos hortofrutícolas en agricultura intensiva de invernadero, como de la lucha biológica, utilizada en este tipo de cultivos para combatir las plagas de una forma sostenible con el medio ambiente son esenciales en este sector. Actualmente, en la mayoría de los casos este control se realiza de forma manual (no siempre sin dificultad), lo que requiere a los agricultores de una supervisión continua para poder detectar, en el menor tiempo posible, cualquier brote que afecte a sus cultivos. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de tecnologías habilitadoras para permitir una monitorización continua, sostenible y de forma autónoma en este sector estratégico en España. Estas tecnologías se integran en una propuesta de sistema de ayuda a la decisión para el control de plagas y control biológico.
ML models for real-time hybrid systems
Authors: Capel Manuel I.
Published: September 2021

A correct system design can be systematically obtained from a specification model of a real-time system that integrates hybrid measurements In a realistic industrial environment, this has been carried out through complete Matlab / Simulink / Stateflow models. However, there is a widespread interest in carrying out that modeling resorting to Machine Learning models, which can be understood as Automated Machine Learning for Real-time systems that present some degree of hybridation. An AC motor controller which must be able to maintain a constant air flow through a filter is one of these systems. The article also discusses a practical application of the method for implementing a closed loop control system to show how the proposed procedure can be applied to derive complete hybrid system designs with ANN.
Trust towards Migrants
Authors: Gandelman Néstor , Lamé Diego
Published: September 2021

Using a standard trust game, we elicit trust and reciprocity measures in a representative sample of adult players in Montevideo, the capital city of Uruguay, a country that exhibits relatively better levels of tolerance towards migrants than other Latin American countries. We find no statistically significant differences in trust levels of Uruguayans towards countrymen versus migrants. In reciprocity, we find only marginally significant differences attributable to the nationality of the players.
Study and Investigation of Energy Management Techniques Used in Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ramineni Punyavathi , Pandian Alagappan
Published: September 2021

Many pollution-related issues are raising due to the usage of conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) vehicles. Electric Vehicles/ Hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs) are the finest solutions to overcome those problems associated with ICE-based vehicles. The EVs are introduced with a signal energy source (SES), which is not a successful attempt, especially during transient vehicles, driving, etc. Multiple energy sources (MES) EVs are introduced to attain better performance than the SES vehicles, which is obtained by combining two sources like battery/fuel cells, ultracapacitor. In this contest, energy management (EMNG) plays a vital role in sharing the load to the sources as per the EVs requirement. In the case of MES-based EVs, the controller always plays a significant role in the related EMNG system because it is the key factor in improving vehicle efficiency. In this article, a study has mainly been done related to several conventional, intelligent controllers and control algorithms to do the proper EMNG between sources present in the EV.
Solve Coupled Axes Problem Without FOANR Based on Substitution Method to Control DFIG Used in Wind Application
Authors: Abdesselam Bouiri , Cherif Benoudjafer , Othmane Boughazi
Published: September 2021

In order to control output powers generated by doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used in wind application (WA) many previous studies, mainly based on flux orientation control (FOC) and neglecting resistance to get a simple model of DFIG with decoupled axis. However, this control strategy requires several hypotheses: low and stability of grid voltage in order to orientated the statoric flux, high power of generator to neglecting statoric resistance. As a result that may not be present in realty due to direct connection between stator and the grid In addition to the presence of resistance, whatever the power of the generator, therefore the DFIG represents a complex model and required a nonlinear control without previous approaches closer to reality to respond highly against DFIG nonlinear model, this is the first paper presents a novel strategy to control nonlinear model of DFIG based on substitution method to solving (d,q) coupled axes without flux orientation and neglecting resistance (FOANR) and also does not take into account stability of grid voltage, for produce required reference active and reactive power by controlling the voltage of rotor side converter (RSC), using classical proportional-integral (PI) controller in a non-linear synthesis form by three methods :direct control (D) and indirect open loop (IOL) and indirect with power loop (IWPL),we compared three controls and check their performance towards the real model of DFIG to verify our control and proving its effectiveness without previous approaches. Finally, the simulation results of the studied controls are presented, analyzed and compared.in terms of power reference tracking, robustness to the parametric variation and the ability to respond to sudden wind speed variation.
A inclusão das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação na prática docente
Authors: Lavor Francisco Ivo Gomes , Ferreira Amanda Victor , Silva Jackeline Sousa , Meneses Helmo Robério Ferreira de , Belchior Sandra Maijane Soares de , Medeiros Elania Cavalcante Cunha de , Marques Agilio Tomaz
Published: September 2021

As Tecnologias Digitais da Informação - TDIC são consideradas uma ferramenta ímpar em todo o processo de aprendizado, tendo seus efeitos comprovados desde a Educação Básico e, até mesmo, no Ensino Superior incluindo cursos de Pós-graduação. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário debruçar-se sobre o contexto pedagógico já existente na universidade, além de apontar soluções estratégicas para a implementação de novos sistemas tecnológicos. Nesse sentido, justifica-se a relevância do presente trabalho, que tem como objetivo geral realizar uma análise sobre a aplicação das TDIC dentro do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da UniFIC, campus Iguatu.  Como objetivos específicos, busca-se descrever o contexto pedagógico do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia quanto ao uso das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação na organização, sistematização e desenvolvimento das aulas e fomentar o diálogo entre as tecnologias digitais e a prática pedagógica docente. A metodologia usada para abordar o assunto foi um estudo qualiquantitativo, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, tendo como referência Gil (2010) e sua definição de pesquisa documental. Conclui-se, portanto, que a inclusão das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação veio para auxiliar os docentes em suas práticas pedagógicas, mas as mesmas só se apresentam favoráveis se os docentes estiverem dispostos a serem cada vez mais dinâmicos, pois não adianta estarmos conectados se não houver relação, engajamento entre docentes e discentes.
НЕКОТОРЫЕМЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕПОДХОДЫКИЗУЧЕНИЮ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО ПРАВОВЫХОСНОВОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИДОРОЖНОГОДВИЖЕНИЯ
Authors: РЕДКОУС В.М.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассмотрены актуальные методологические подходы к изучению обеспечения безопасности дорожного движения, определены направлениясовершенствованияегоправовогорегулирования.
Do Institutional Repository Deposit Guidelines Deter Data Discovery?
Authors: Nicholson Shawn W. , Bennett Terrence B.
Published: September 2021

Objective – This study uses quantitative methods to determine if the metadata requirements of institutional repositories (IRs) promote data discovery. This question is addressed through an exploration of an international sample of university IRs, including an analysis of the required metadata elements for data deposit, with a particular focus on how these metadata support discovery of research data objects.
Methods – The researchers worked with an international universe of 243 IRs. A codebook of 10 variables was developed to enable analysis of the eventual randomly derived sample of 40 institutions.
Results – The analysis of our sample IRs revealed that most had metadata standards that offered weak support for data discovery—an unsurprising revelation in view of the fact that university IRs are meant to accommodate deposit and storage of all types of scholarly outputs, only a small percentage of which are research data objects. Most IRs seem to have adopted metadata standards based on the Dublin Core schema, while none of the IRs in our sample used the Data Documentation Initiative metadata that is better suited for deposit and discovery of research datasets.
Conclusion – The study demonstrates that while data deposit can be accommodated by the existing metadata requirements of multi-purpose IRs, their metadata practices do little to prioritize data deposit or to promote data discovery. Evidence indicates that data discovery will benefit from additional metadata elements.
Investigation of cause-specific mortality rates of European Union member and candidate countries by World Health Organization global health estimate categories
Authors: SIĞIRLI Deniz , KILIÇARSLAN Sultan
Published: September 2021

Objectives: It is aimed to examine the position of our country and the European Union member and candidate countries in terms of mortality rates according to the motality causes defined in global health estimate categories determined by the World Health Organization and to reveal the similarities or differences.
Methods: According to the World Health Organization global health estimate categories given in the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study of World Health Organization, age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population were obtained for a total of 31 European Union member and candidate countries, and the muldimensional scaling analysis performed groups of the countries according to their dimensions obtained from multidimensional scale were determined and among these groups comparisons have been made.
Results: As a result of applying multidimensional scaling analysis, it was seen that countries can be represented in two-dimensional space according to the variables of interest.
Conclusions: It has been observed that our country differs from countries with cardiovascular diseases in the first dimension from the World Health Organization categories, while in the second dimension, infectious and parasitic diseases differ from countries with high standardized mortality rates.
Increased efficiency of eccentric cycloidal engagement
Authors: Petrovskiy A.N.
Published: September 2021

Gears with eccentric cycloidal engagement have large gear ratios, small overall dimensions, low noise and vibration levels. A relatively low efficiency factor limits their use in transmissions mechanisms, where involute gearing with gear ratios up to 10 and high efficiency (over 0.98) are in demand. The power losses of the eccentric cycloidal engagement are caused by friction in the jointly working kinematic pairs, which are formed by the gear with at least half of the pins, and the latter form the pairs with axles or sockets in the housing. It is possible to reduce the power loss by reducing the number of jointly working kinematic gear-pin pairs, which is done by modifying the theoretical profile of the gear. The modified profile is obtained from the theoretical one by removing the tops of the protrusions so that the remaining parts of the profile provide a smooth transfer of the load to a given number of pins. The study introduces a method for calculating power losses and the efficiency of eccentric cycloidal gearing for theoretical and modified gear profiles. Findings of research show that the modification of the cycloidal gear makes it possible to reduce the power loss in the engagement by more than 60% and to increase the efficiency by 0.03 ... 0.04 without a significant decrease in the strength of the working surfaces. The obtained result confirmed the possibility of increasing the efficiency of eccentric cycloidal gearing for it to be used in transmissions of transport vehicles.
Dynamics of Working Processes in Automatic Direct-Acting Pressure Regulators of Pneumatic Spacecraft Systems
Authors: Lebedev A.V. , Chernyshev A.V. , Kyurdzhiev Y.V. , Mitrofanov A.P. , Ilicheva O.S. , Yavna D.E.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study was by means of modern software to explore working processes taking place in automatic direct-acting pressure regulators of pneumatic spacecraft systems. As a result, we developed a general mathematical model of the pressure regulator. The design of the regulator is shown in the form of a block diagram, composed of a set of channels, cavities, and stages. The elements of the block diagram are interconnected by the basic laws of conservation of energy and mass. The mathematical model was evaluated in the Amesim software package. Findings of the full-scale and computational experiments led to the conclusions about the effect the heat exchange between the working fluid and the environment produces on the parameters of the pressure regulator, and about the use of the Amesim software package for further research of working processes in the valve units of pneumatic systems.
¿Qué tan lejos estamos de estar cerca? Alcances de la arbitrabilidad de la libre competencia y aproximaciones en el Perú
Authors: Robles Vargas Antonio , Gutiérrez Tercero Cesar , St. Laurent del Castillo Jacqueline
Published: September 2021

En los últimos años, el arbitraje ha sido considerado como una vía alternativa a los procesos judiciales, sobre todo en conflictos comerciales; esto, por su flexibilidad, rapidez, confidencialidad, entre otros aspectos. Pese a ello, una parte de la doctrina considera que esta vía no es adecuada para someter controversias privadas relacionadas a materias de libre competencia.En el presente artículo, los autores evalúan el alcance de la arbitrabilidad, en materia privada, sobre la Libre Competencia en el Perú. Así, examinan si los tribunales, efectivamente, pueden interpretar no el cumplimiento de las leyes de libre competencia para, posteriormente, emitir un pronunciamiento sobre la responsabilidad civil resultado de este análisis. En esa línea, analizan los conceptos más importantes sobre la arbitrabilidad de la Libre Competencia, identifican las cuestiones más relevantes relacionadas al arbitraje de la Libre Competencia y, por último, revisan algunos casos peruanos para identificar cuáles son las barreras que imposibilitan su práctica arbitral en el ordenamiento peruano.
Interlocking y participaciones minoritarias en el derecho chileno de la libre competencia
Authors: Menchaca Olivares Tomás
Published: September 2021

El interlocking y las participaciones minoritarias son vínculos entre empresas que, en ocasiones, podrían implicar riesgos para la libre competencia (unilaterales o coordinados) y que, hasta el año 2016, no se encontraban expresamente regulados en la normativa chilena, aunque igualmente podrían ser sancionados si atentaban contra la libre competencia dada la tipificación marcadamente general de las prácticas restrictivas. De hecho, el interlocking no es una figura comúnmente regulada en los diversos sistemas jurídicos a nivel mundial.En el presente artículo, el autor desarrolla, de forma esquemática, el interlocking y las participaciones minoritarias, con la finalidad de dar un marco general de estas figuras en relación a su situación actual en la normativa chilena. Asimismo, el autor desarrolla las clases de interlocking comprendidos, los posibles efectos anticompetitivos de esta figura, sus medidas de mitigación, su evolución en el derecho comparado y los sujetos pasivos a una infracción.
Pitirim Sorokin and COVID-19
Authors: Wilkinson David
Published: September 2021

In 1942, the sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, a survivor of the post-WorldWar I pandemic, published "Man and Society in Calamity," a comparative study of the human response (including political responses) to four recurrent mass-death events. One was "pestilence." Sorokin reached many general conclusions. In Fall of 2020, the author of this paper (Wilkinson) held a seminar whose students attempted to re-evaluate Sorokin's conclusions, based upon their own experiences, observations, and mutual dialogue. In general, the seminar found that Sorokin's conclusions were mostly still applicable, but that his social theory of pestilence needed drastic changes as concerned (a) the gendered, class-based, ethnic and national distribution of pestilence and its consequences of pestilence, (b) the much-changed capacity (from 1942) for the scientific and technological response to pestilence, and (c) the much changed capacity (again, since 1942) for international-organizational response to pestilence. With these updates, Sorokin's theory of the human social response to pestilence can serve as guidance both for study and for policy in regard not only to the current pandemic, but for epidemics and pandemics yet to come.
Digitalization and Digital Transformation and Adoption in the Public Administration during the Covid19 Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Xanthopoulou Panagiota , Plimakis Sifis
Published: September 2021

The objective of the study is to find the key organizational factors that impact on digital transformation projects, creating thus a social value especially during the current pandemic crisis where many changes have been made in the ways that organizations operate. An interdisciplinary approach was used and comparison among selected European Union countries where digital governance has been applied to public-to-citizen transactions. A quantitative survey was also conducted by distributing online questionnaires to middle and senior executives of public organizations in Greece. A total of 151 questionnaires were answered and their analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical tool. The results showed that the internal factors that influence the adoption of digital governance and its successful implementation include the technological factors that compose the quality of services and mainly the organizational ones such as training and evaluation of human resources, leadership, organizational strategy, and the creation of digital culture.
Opłata stosunkowa w przypadku dobrowolnego spełnienia świadczenia przez dłużnika w aspekcie rozwojowym — analiza ekonomiczna
Authors: Nowak Martyna
Published: September 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza zmian legislacyjnych dotyczących problematyki opłaty stosunkowej w kontekście dobrowolności spełnienia świadczenia przez dłużnika w trakcie trwającego już postępowania egzekucyjnego. Analiza została przeprowadzona na podstawie wybranych aspektów ekonomicznych. Akcent w pracy położony został zarówno na kontekst rozwojowy danej instytucji, jak i na wybraną przez autora metodę jej analizy — ekonomiczną analizę prawa. Posługując się pewnymi założeniami ekonomicznymi (racjonalność wyboru, minimalizacja kosztów, założenie ceteris paribus), dokonano próby oceny instytucji prawnej pod kątem jej efektywności ekonomicznej w ogólności oraz w ujęciu jednostkowym. Analiza regulacji prawnej związana z naliczaniem opłaty stosunkowej w dobrowolnym spełnieniu świadczenia przez dłużnika umożliwia wskazanie różnego rodzaju alternatyw decyzyjnych przysługujących osobie dłużnika i wybranie wariantu, który powinien spełniać następujące kryteria: maksymalizować zysk oraz minimalizować straty podmiotu zainteresowanego.
„Władcy Gorców” — aktorzy regionalni współtworzący genius loci kulturowej przestrzeni gorczańskiej
Authors: Kościelniak Maria
Published: September 2021

The article is the result of mapping the cultural space of Gorce. Using the tools of cultural map-ping and spatial turn, the Gorce mnemotoposes were analyzed and a map of the cultural spheres of the influence of regional actors on the creation of local genius loci was developed. The research focused on the presence of memory sites related to the World War II period and the participants of partisan actions in the Gorce region. The memory of Władysław Orkan, Józef Tischner and Tomasz Chlipała aka “Bulanda” also plays an important role in shaping the cultural landscape of Gorce.
Himalaje Sikkimu własnością ludu Lepcza
Authors: Okopińska Anna
Published: September 2021

Lepchas are an indigenous people inhabiting the foothills of the eastern Himalaya. Their myths and narratives provide evidence that they belong to this land, and had not migrated from any other region. Presently the Lepchas reside in remote Himalayan valleys, where they were gradually driven by successive waves of immigrants from Tibet, Nepal and West Bengal. Lepchas are intrinsically devoted to nature. The rivers, lakes, rocks, forests and all animals seem to be sacred to them. They worship the Himalayan peaks towering over their villages. Every clan has his own sacred mountain and lake. The most important goddess is the mighty eight-thousander peak of Kangchenjunga that is clearly visible from every Lepcha village. Lepchas believe that their ancestors were created from the snows of the Kangchenjunga. Now, they are living together with gods in the Mayel Lyang — the mythical paradise hidden somewhere on the slopes of the mountain, inaccessible for mortal beings. Over the generations, the Lepchas have accumulated an extraordinary amount of knowledge about the climate, meteorological phenomena, geography of the region, and agriculture on steep slopes. These people fulfil their needs with natural resources as well as the help of hard work, and have great care for nature. Lepchas know all the animals and wildly growing plants there, and their rich language has names for even the smallest of them. The most impressive is their adaptation to life in extremely difficult geographic and climatic conditions with the constant risk of earthquakes, floods and landslides caused by heavy rainfalls of the monsoon season. Their farms are small and modest, but well adapted to those threats. Family and clan ties are very strong. They help each other with houses construction, sickness care, and agricultural harvest. Lepchas do not care for material goods and despite extremely difficult conditions they are happy and content with their life. Their attitude towards life may be an inspiration for us, inhabitants of the “first world”, addicted to consumerism and materialistic values.
Gehören die Alpen dem Fremdenverkehr? 150 Jahre Tourismuskritik
Authors: Mathieu Jon
Published: September 2021

The term “tourist” appeared in English in the late eighteenth century and spread to other European languages in the first half of the nineteenth century. The corresponding sector first appeared in German as Fremdenverkehr. Since the 1970s, the neutral, internationally used term “tourism” has become the standard for the mobility industry. The industry is unique and in some aspects unlike any other industry. Foreign buyers of tourist services are not only customers of specific tourism companies, but also guests of tourist regions. They move within an environment created by others and sometimes appropriate the public space of this area, especially by participating in the expansive mass tourism. This has recently led to the emergence of the term “overtourism”. It is associated with a need to reduce the burden of some fashionable tourist regions caused by an excessive influx of tourists. The Alps are one of those regions in which tourism developed as an industry already in the nineteenth century. The number of tourists in this European mountain range — initially especially in Switzerland — grew considerably particularly after 1850. The period was marked by a rapid development of infrastructure in the form of modern forms of transport, accommodation and other services. Tourism became an indicator and factor in civic “progress”. Yet at the same time there appeared voices questioning this development. The author of the present article discusses three examples from various spheres, periods and regions illustrating the history of the growth of tourism in the Alps. The first part is devoted to literature, specifically to a satirical journal of a journey to Switzerland, published for the first time in 1880. The second part deals with science, drawing mainly on the work of a French geographer and her writings from 1956–1971. The third part concerns tourism policy in recent years in a fashionable Austrian village in the Alps.
„Tu dokonało się zwycięstwo nad potężnym, zwartym łańcuchem Alp”. Semmering w przewodnikach między 1852 a 1873 rokiem
Authors: Tusch Roland
Published: September 2021

With the Railway Age, the perception of the landscape has changed. In Austria, the world’s first high mountain railway was built in the middle of the 19th century. It crosses the Alps at one of their eastern foothills, the Semmering. The central subject of this study is the landscape that was completely transformed by the construction of the Semmering Railway between 1852 and 1873. How was the Semmering perceived before it was discovered by the Viennese society as a region of summer resort? How were the massive changes in the Alpine landscape caused by the construction of the railway portrayed in the medium of contemporary travel guides?The sources investigated cover the period from the construction of the Semmering Railway to the discovery of the region as a summer resort. Starting with the first travel guides to the construction site and ending with the travel guides to the completed railway, seven main sources were analysed. As a starting point for the qualitative content analysis, a system of categories was developed as a search grid to filter the relevant aspects for answering the research question. The analysis follows the process of coding, paraphrasing and generalizing, and clearly reveals different levels of perception. The landscape in which the railway was built was described in extremely positive, poetic formulations. The negatively judging descriptions are particularly remarkable in the context of the travel guides, as they can be read as a critical reflection of the changed situation. Instead of regretting the destruction of nature, the victory of man or technology over nature was celebrated. From the comparison of the travel guides to the construction site and those to the completed railway, the progress of the construction work is clearly readable. The magnificence of the construction project was beyond question from the very beginning. The travel guides allow one to comprehend this, at the time rather young, transformation of the landscape; they open up a differentiated view of the landscape.
Assessment of the kinetics of changes in selected physicochemical indicators of engine oil in operation
Authors: Chmielewski Zbigniew
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of operational tests of engine oil, including the observation of changes in the values of selected physicochemical parameters of oil in subsequent operation cycles, in accordance with the service life specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Preliminary analysis of defined indicators characterizing the condition of engine oil were performed in terms of their suitability for the ongoing monitoring of the technical condition of the engine. On the basis of the values of selected indicators of fresh oil recorded in the course of operational tests and during replacement, one indicator was selected, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C, for which an unambiguous trend of changes was observed during the tests. The last stage was to verify the hypothesis about the correlation between the observed changes in the value of the indicator and the mileage of the engine – vehicle.
The correlation of nutritional status with hematology toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Widhiarta Kadek Dharma , Askandar Brahmana
Published: September 2021

HIGHLIGHTS1. This retrospective cohort study found an increase in the diagnosis of malnutrition between the IMT method and NRI.2. A significant correlation was found between preoperative malnutrition and the incidence of anaemia after adjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients.3. There were no significant correlations in this study in the incidence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.ABSTRACTObjectives: To observe correlation of nutritional status using Nutritional Risk Index with the side effects of adjunctive haematological chemotherapy.Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study observing whether or not hematologic side effects occurred during chemotherapy based on medical records of postoperative ovarian cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.Results: Sixty-eight subjects with age range of 31-50 years (44.1%) multipara (68.8%), and advanced stage (52.1%) were observed. An increase was found in the diagnosis of malnutrition between the IMT method and NRI, which was 18.7% compared to 43.7%. A significant correlation was found between preoperative malnutrition and the incidence of anaemia after adjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients (p=0.002). Whereas, in the event of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, there were no significant correlations with p=0.675 and p=0.415, respectively.Conclusion: There was an increase in malnutrition rate with the use of NRI compared with BMI and there was a significant correlation between malnutrition and side effects of anaemia in patients with ovarian cancer who underwent surgery and continued with adjuvant chemotherapy.
A comparative study on the structural performance of an RC building based on updated seismic design codes: case of Turkey
Authors: Işık Ercan
Published: September 2021

The destructive earthquakes and structural damages reveal the importance of the rules of earthquake-resistant structural design. The need of update and renewal of these rules periodically become inevitable as a result of scientific developments, innovations in construction technologies and building materials. Turkey which is an extremely region in terms of seismicity was adapted to these changes through time. The last five seismic design codes (1968, 1975, 1998, 2007 and 2018) were taken into account within the scope of this study. The differences in dimension and material grades of structural elements such as columns as beams have been compared in detail for each code. Three different analysis types have been performed for a 4-story reinforced-concrete model such as eigenvalue, pushover and dynamic time-history via the minimum conditions for these elements in each code. The natural vibration period of the building was obtained with empirical formulas stipulated in different codes for the sample RC building, additionally. The size and the type of the materials used in beams and columns within the last five codes have been changed. We see that the changes in these two important parameters which affect the behavior of buildings during an earthquake, enhance the performance of the building. It has been revealed that changes and renewals in seismic design codes are a necessity and gain. It has been clearly revealed that each amended code increases the stiffness and enhance the seismic capacity of a structure. Each updated seismic design code is aimed to complete the deficiency of the previous one. The results revealed that there are changes to be made to increase the seismic capacity of the structure at the point of reducing earthquake damage.
Minimum-Fuel Planar Earth-to-Mars Low-Thrust Trajectories Using Bang-Bang Control
Authors: Lee Daero
Published: September 2021

Recent advance in electric propulsion systems have demonstrated that these engines can be used for for long-duration interplanetary voyages. Constant specific impulse engine described as a thrust-limited engine is an example of this type of engine, processing the ability to operate at a constant level of impulse. The determination of minimum-fuel, planar heliocentric Earth-to-Mars low-thrust trajectories of spacecraft using a constant specific impulse is discussed considering the first-order necessary conditions derived from Lawden’s primer vector theory. The minimum-fuel low-thrust Earth-to-Mars optimization problem is then solved in two-dimensional, heliocentric frame using both indirect and direct methods. In the indirect method, two-point-boundary-value problems are derived to solve boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. In the direct method, a general-purpose optimal control software called GPOPS-II is adopted to solve these optimal control problems. Numerical examples using two different optimization methods are presented to demonstrate the characteristics of minimum-fuel planar low-thrust trajectories with on-off-on thrust sequences at three chosen flight times and available maximum powers. The results are useful for broad trajectory search in the preliminary phase of mission designs.