bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Commonwealth of Poland towards Russia in the final stage of the Great Diet (1791–1792)
Authors: Anusik Zbigniew
Published: June 2018

When the Constitution was ratified on May 3, 1791, establishing good relations with Russia was the most important issue for the security of the Commonwealth. As leaders of the Great Diet noticed that prosperous situation in the Polish-Lithuanian state’s international relations was ending, they suggested Stanisław August to turn to Russia. Because of their initiative, the king introduced several members of the St. Petersburg court to the Guardians of the Laws. Yet, it did not reorient Polish foreign policy. Having strengthened his position, Stanisław August was delaying direct talks with the empress. He was convinced, that to avoid Russian intervention in the Commonwealth’s internal affairs, one should not provoke Russians and appease any internal conflicts. That assumption turned to be wrong, though. Contrary to the views of the vast majority of Polish historians, who believed that Russian intervention in Poland was predetermined, the St. Petersburg court was divided, when it came to the policy on the Polish-Lithuanian state. Some advisers of Catherine II believed, that without a final agreement with German courts, one should not start a war with the Commonwealth, because it would be hard, long-lasting and costly. Yet, views of Polish malcontents and empress’s favorite, Platon A. Zubov, were taken into account, and a military operation was launched, without looking at Vienna and Berlin’s position. A passive diplomacy turned out to be a fatal mistake of the Polish king and his advisers. The concept of a limited warfare was equally wrong. The weak resistance of the Polish army strengthened the position of the empress’s favorite. When Stanisław August’s letter to Catherine II arrived at St. Petersburg, already in the course of war, at the Russian court a group of war opponents took a final attempt to stop hostilities, and start negotiations with the Commonwealth’s ruler. However, successes of empress’s troops, that rapidly moved towards Warsaw after the withdrawing Poles, favored supporters of an armed intervention. The king and his advisers ceased to believe in the possibility of victory too soon, and capitulated at the time, when there was still a chance to continue the war, a prolongation of which by several weeks might have prompted the empress to start peace negotiations. It was a great political mistake, which turned out to be the beginning of the end of the First Republic.
On the biography of Leonard Marcin Świeykowski (Rev.: D. Rolnik, Leonarda Marcina Świeykowskiego [1721–1793] ostatniego wojewody podolskiego życie codzienne i polityczne oraz myśli o Rzeczypospolitej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2016, pp. 756).
Authors: Stroynowski Andrzej
Published: June 2018

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Limbal epithelial stem cells in regeneration of corneal epithelium
– clinical and molecular aspects
Authors: Sikora Bartosz , Skubis Aleksandra , Sedlak Lech , Kimsa-Furdzik Małgorzata , Kostrzewski Marek , Mazurek Urszula , Aleksiewicz Roman
Published: June 2018

Komórki macierzyste rąbka rogówki (limbal epithelial stem cells – LESC) zlokalizowane są na granicy rogówki i spojówki. Ich funkcja polega na odbudowie rogówki poprzez zastępowanie uszkodzonych lub niefunkcjonalnych komórek. W niniejszej pracy zawarto informacje dotyczące charakterystyki LESC, opisano sposoby ich identyfikacji z wykorzystaniem markerów powierzchniowych oraz cech morfologicznych. W pracy zawarto również informacje dotyczące hodowli komórek w warunkach in vitro jako potencjalnego źródła komórek wykorzystywanych w terapii oraz poruszono zagadnienia dysfunkcji LESC spowodowanych niedoborem komórek macierzystych wywołanych różnymi czynnikami, a także przedstawiono stosowane obecnie metody leczenia LSCD (limbal stem cell deficiency). Standardowe leczenie niedoboru komórek macierzystych rąbka rogówki polega na farmakoterapii oraz transplantacji autologicznego rąbka rogówki bogatego w komórki macierzyste. W przypadku całkowitego niedoboru LESC konieczne jest wykonanie przeszczepów allogenicznych.
La comunicación y medición de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria: Redes sociales y propuesta de indicadores
Authors: Aldeanueva Fernández Ignacio , Arrabal Sánchez Gabriel
Published: June 2018

Esta investigación analiza el comportamiento de 50 variables relacionadas con la responsabilidad social corporativa en la comunicación de todas las universidades españolas. Para ello se analizan más de 250000 tuits emitidos por las cuentas de Twitter de dichas universidades, tanto públicas como privadas, y se aplican diversos algoritmos para medir la frecuencia de conceptos propios del universo semántico de la responsabilidad social corporativa. Los resultados revelan una desigual presencia de estos términos en la comunicación exterior de las universidades y una media llamativamente reducida, lo que hace concluir que dichos conceptos no forman parte de la comunicación exterior de las universidades. A partir de ello, se plantean futuras líneas de investigación y se propone un inédito sistema de indicadores de responsabilidad social universitaria.
Studies on heavy metal removal efficiency and antibacterial activity of 2-(diphenylphosphino)aminopyridine
Authors: Sarıöz Özlem , Malgaç Burcu , Sürme Yavuz , İlk Sedef , Karaarslan Muhsin
Published: June 2018

The solvent extraction of metal picrates such as Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ from the aqueous to the organic phase was studied using 2-(diphenylphosphino)aminopyridine (Ph2PNHpy). The effects of parameters including the pH of the aqueous phase and the ligand solution volume were investigated to determine the extraction ability of the ligand for metal ions. The results showed that the extraction percentages of metal ions were high at low pH values. The antibacterial activity of the aminophosphine was also screened against Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (P. syringae) DC300, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhmurium (S. typhmurium) SL 1344 and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) ATCC 25175. From the studies of antibacterial activity, it was observed that the ligand exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against all Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 3.86 to 18.10 mm. The aminophosphine ligand (Ph2PNHpy) should be considered as a suitable bio-active molecule for antimicrobial material design and next-generation, non-toxic drug fabrication. The Ph2PNHpy obtained may have the potential for use as an antimicrobial additive for bioengineering applications.
Exploiting Read/Write Asymmetry to Achieve Opportunistic SRAM Voltage Switching in Dual-Supply Near-Threshold Processors
Authors: Gu Yunfei , Yan Dengxue , Verma Vaibhav , Wang Pai , Stan Mircea , Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2018

Energy-efficient microprocessors are essential for a wide range of applications. While near-threshold computing is a promising technique to improve energy efficiency, optimal supply demands from logic core and on-chip memory are conflicting. In this paper, we perform static reliability analysis of 6T SRAM and discover the variance among different sizing configuration and asymmetric minimum voltage requirements between read and write operations. We leverage this asymmetric property in near-threshold processors equipped with voltage boosting capability by proposing an opportunistic dual-supply switching scheme with a write aggregation buffer. Our results show that proposed technique improves energy efficiency by more than 21.45% with approximate 10.19% performance speed-up.
Surveying Elderly Respondents Regarding Electric Scooter Use
Authors: Lee Wen-Chin , Huang Cheng-Hung , Wu Chih-Fu , Lee Yi-Jung
Published: June 2018

The rapid growth rate of the elderly population is a serious current issue in most countries, affecting them economically through needed medical treatment and healthcare planning. The priority concern is how to reduce the number of elderly people requiring long-term healthcare and raise the number who are able to live independently. This study executed a behavior assessment of elderly person’s self-reported use of electric scooters and analyzed their degree of acceptance of these assisted living tools, partly through a related factor analysis of our survey instrument. We used this questionnaire survey as our research method, applying SPSS22 software for factor analysis that revealed five survey facets.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of Differentially Expressed Genes in Green Tea against Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet in High-Fat Patients in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Saha Sarbojoy , Barmon Shampa
Published: June 2018

The most common liver disorder nowadays is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and it is a progressive disease that rises in severity from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis to increase risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a cause of great concern as there is an estimated seventy million Americans who are currently affected by NAFLD, and this is expected to only increase because of its association with obesity and diabetes and also a lack of therapies to keep its development and progression in check. In this particular study we performed a gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) of differentially expressed genes in a green tea against methionine-choline deficient diet in high-fat patients in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). The downregulated genes were used to perform an enrichment analysis and in the ARCHS4 TFs Coexpression database the most significant gene was found to be KLF5_human_tf_ARCHS4_coexpression. In the ARCHS4 Kinases Coexpression pathway database STYK1_human_kinase_ARCHS4 Coexpression was found to be the most significant gene. And finally for the upregulated genes a similar enrichment analysis was performed and in the humancy database γ-linolenate biosynthesis_Homo sapiens_PWY-6000 gene was discovered to be the most significant one. This study has used bioinformatics tools and the Enrichr software to perform a comparative analysis of differentially expressed gene sets for high-fat patients having a diet consisting of green tea against a methionine-choline deficient diet. Green tea is known to contain several antioxidants and polyphenols which provide protection against many liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). The present study simply tries to build awareness of this to the general public and allow them to learn more about certain diets which have protective effects against liver diseases. Hopefully by implementing these in their daily lifestyles the public can gain some form of protection against these types of liver disorders.
Capacitive Imaging for Skin Characterizations and Solvent Penetration Measurements
Authors: Zhang Xu , Bontozoglou Christos , Chirikhina Elena , Lane Majella E. , Xiao Perry
Published: June 2018

Capacitive contact imaging has shown potential in measuring skin properties including hydration, micro relief analysis, as well as solvent penetration measurements. Through calibration we can also measure the absolute permittivity of the skin, and from absolute permittivity we then work out the absolute solvent content in skin. In this paper, we present our latest study of capacitive contact imaging for skin characterizations and vivo skin solvent penetration. We will show how to use capacitive occlusion measurements to characterize skin damages, and how to calculate the absolute water content and solvent content in skin.
The Aversive Brain System of Teleosts: Implications for Neuroscience and Biological Psychiatry
Authors: do Carmo Silva Rhayra Xavier , Lima-Maximino Monica Gomes , Maximino Caio
Published: June 2018

Defensive behavior is a function of specific survival circuits, the “aversive brain system”, that are thought to be conserved across vertebrates, and involve threat detection and the organization of defensive responses to reduce or eliminate threat. In mammals, these circuits involve amygdalar and hypothalamic subnuclei and midbrain circuits. The increased interest in teleost fishes as model organisms in neuroscience created a demand to understand which brain circuits are involved in defensive behavior. Telencephalic and habenular circuits represent a “high road” for threat processing and organization of responses, being important to mounting appropriate coping responses. Specific hypothalamic circuits organize neuroendocrine and neurovegetative outputs, but are the less well-studied in fish. A “low road” is represented by projections to interneurons in the optic tectum which mediate fast escape responses via projections to the central gray and/or the brainstem escape network (not shown). Threatening stimuli (especially visual stimuli) can bypass the “high road” and directly activate this system, initiating escape responses. Increased attention to these circuits in an evolutionary framework is still needed.
Study on Charging Method Selection According to Public-Sector Electric Vehicle Operating Environment
Authors: Bak Dan-Bi , Bak Jae-Seok , Kim Sung-Yul
Published: June 2018

South Korea proposed reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 37% compared to the expected emissions by 2030 as the POST-2020 greenhouse gas reduction target. Electric vehicle distribution in the public sector is essential to achieve the carbon dioxide reduction target for transportation. In particular, when buses with internal combustion engines, which travel long distances and contribute substantially to greenhouse gas emissions, are replaced with electric buses, it is expected that greenhouse gas emissions will be significantly reduced. There are three types of electric buses with different power supply systems: a plug-in type in which power is supplied when a plug is inserted, a battery-swapping type in which a battery mounted on top of the vehicle is swapped at a swapping station, and a wireless type in which the battery is wirelessly charged through self-induction at a charging facility installed on the road. Vehicles of each charging type have different advantages and disadvantages. The performance, charging type, battery capacity, and operating environment of electric buses are mutually related parameters that must be considered when introducing such vehicles. Therefore, the optimal charging type must be selected according to the operating environment to enable the widespread use of electric buses. As such, this report proposes the optimal charging type according to the operating environment of public-sector electric vehicles.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient with Camurati-Engelmann Disease
Authors: Ge David H. , Yu Stephen , Ziegler Jacob D. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: June 2018

Case:

We review the case of a 44-year-old man with Camurati-Engelmann disease, who presented with chronic right hip pain that did not improve following intra-articular hip injections. He was functionally debilitated because of the worsening pain. Routine radiographs demonstrated severe right hip osteoarthritis and severe diaphyseal sclerosis of the femur. To address the narrowed medullary cavity, appropriate reaming of the diaphysis and broaching to fill the metaphysis were performed. The patient underwent an uncemented total hip arthroplasty that resulted in an excellent recovery with no complications.

Conclusion:

Uncemented total hip arthroplasty serves as a good option for patients with hip osteoarthritis secondary to Camurati-Engelmann disease. Anticipation of potential operative challenges is the key to avoiding complications and achieving an optimal, durable outcome.
La Inmaculada Concepción en algunas estampas de libros editados en nueva España en los siglos XVIII y XIX
Authors: Calvo Portela Juan Isaac
Published: June 2018

En este artículo abordamos el estudio de unas estampas dedicadas a la Inmaculada Concepción, que ilustran unos libros publicados en Nueva España en los siglos XVIII y XIX. El análisis de las mismas se centra en la iconografía, pero no por ello se pasa por alto los aspectos técnicos y estilísticos. Dichas estampas están reunidas en tres grupos, obedeciendo al tipo iconográfico de la Inmaculada que se plasma, en el primer grupo se incluyen aquellas con el tema de la Tota Pulchra, en el segundo las que presentan el tipo definitivo de la misma y en el último grupo incluimos dos estampas con un sentido alegórico-conceptual.
Impact of the 719Arg Variant of KIF6 and Major Cardiovascular Events on Patients who Received Statins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Xiang Qian , Zhao Xia , Xie Qiufen , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Zhuo , Mu Guangyan , Cui Yimin
Published: June 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Kinesin like protein 6
(KIF6) gene Trp719Arg and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) risk in subjects who received statin therapy.

Methods:

PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception through September 2017.
The selected studies evaluated the association of Trp719Arg with MACEs in individuals who received statins.
Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the effect of statin therapy on MACEs
in subjects carrying polymorphisms, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to evaluate the relationship
between Trp719Arg and MACE risk in individuals who received statins, using the random-effects model.

Results:

Seven studies were included (N=48,885). Overall, we found that statin therapy significantly reduced the
risk for MACEs in subjects carrying ArgArg (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69-0.90; P=0.001), ArgTrp (RR: 0.71; 95%
CI: 0.60 -0.83; P<0.001), ArgArg+ArgTrp (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.63 -0.81; P<0.001), and TrpTrp (RR: 0.79; 95%
CI: 0.73-0.85; P<0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between subjects carrying ArgArg and
those carrying TrpTrp (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92-1.34; P=0.265). However, ArgTrp (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07-1.55;
P=0.007) and ArgArg+ArgTrp (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05-1.51; P=0.012) were associated with an increased risk
for MACEs when compared with TrpTrp.

Conclusions:

Statin therapy significantly reduced the risk for MACEs in subjects carrier specific KIF6 gene
Trp719Arg polymorphisms. Further, subjects carrying ArgTrp or ArgArg+ArgTrp had a greater incidence of
MACEs as compared with TrpTrp when they received statins.
The Role of E-cadherin in Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Diseases
Authors: Zhang Yunzhan , Li Danyan , Dai Yunkai , Li Ruliu , Gao Yong , Hu Ling
Published: June 2018

Background:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related gastric diseases are a series of gastric mucosal disorders
associated with H. pylori infection. Gastric cancer (GC) is widely believed to evolve from gastritis and gastric ulcer. As
an important adhesion molecule of epithelial cells, E-cadherin plays a key role in the development of gastric diseases. In
this review, we aim to seek the characteristic of E-cadherin expression at different stages of gastric diseases.

Methods:

We searched plenty of databases for research literature about E-cadherin expression in H. pylori-related
gastric diseases, and reviewed the relationship of E-cadherin and H. pylori, and the role of E-cadherin at different
stages of gastric diseases.

Results:

H. pylori was shown to decrease E-cadherin expression by various ways in vitro, while most of clinical
studies have not found the relationship between H. pylori and E-cadherin expression. It is defined that poor outcome
of GC is related to loss expression of E-cadherin, but it is still unclear when qualitative change of E-cadherin expression
in gastric mucosa emerges.

Conclusion:

Expression level of E-cadherin in gastric cells may be a consequence of injury factors and body’s selfrepairing
ability. More studies on E-cadherin expression in gastric mucosa with precancerous lesions need to be
performed, which may be potential and useful for early detection, prevention and treatment of GC.
Creation of Similarity Requirement with Field Equations in Steel Bearing Systems
Authors: Altunışık Ahmet C. , Kalkan Ebru , Başağa Hasan Basri
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

This paper aimed to determine the structural behavior of steel bearing systems by creating similarity conditions with field equations. Scaling plays a crucial role in designing experiments aimed at understanding the structural behavior of systems where experimental studies are difficult to perform due to huge structures in the profession of engineering field. Scaling can be performed by using dimensional analysis or by normalizing differential equations that describe the dynamics of the system. If a model and prototype are dimensionally similar, it is possible to estimate experimental results from model to prototype.

Methods:

The use of scaled models is common on engineering applications because these models allow conducting experimental tests without the need of a physical system (i.e. prototype) to be constructed. Considering these advantages mentioned in this study, it is formed a similarity relation between prototype and scaled models of different steel bearing systems is established. Similarity relationships between systems are created by field equations. As an example, column and cantilever beams were selected and 1/2 and 1/4 scale procedure was applied.

Results and Conclusion:

The results obtained by finite element models in SAP2000 program for each system were compared with analytical results. The analysis results were examined and it was determined that scale factors are constant depending on scale types for different bearing systems. In addition, the influence diagrams of the systems were also examined and it was observed that the scale factor was fixed.
Regression Analyses of Xiamen’s Manufacturing Sector, China
Authors: Soon Beng CHEW, , Nursultan IULDASHOV
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the impact of rising wages and falling product prices on the composition of Xiamen’s manufacturing sector in China. Using annual labour surplus (LSR) (Note 1), we show that the pharmaceutical industry and the state owned enterprises are least affected by the twin squeezes (Note 2). We also show that the importance of state owned enterprises has increased at the expense of foreign owned firms in the Xiamen’s manufacturing sector.
Los clubes de lectura en el contexto de las bibliotecas públicas de España. Situación actual y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Carmen , Pascual-Díez Julián
Published: June 2018

Los clubes de lectura son una práctica de dinamización lectora muy desarrollada en los últimos años en diversidad de espacios. En este artículo nos preguntamos por su papel en las bibliotecas públicas en España. Hemos realizado una investigación basada en entrevistas y cuestionarios, con gestores y usuarios de bibliotecas, así como con coordinadores y usuarios de clubes de lectura. Los resultados muestran que dichos clubes se consolidan como una práctica más de animación a la lectura, que gozan de aceptación social y cada día surgen nuevos grupos. En el futuro esta práctica requerirá superar retos, como una mayor difusión y diversificación.
Gestão da inovação em bibliotecas: elementos fundamentais de revisão de literatura internacional
Authors: Mauro Silveira Murilo , B. Vianna William , Rolim Ensslin Sandra
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar los aspectos relevantes de la literatura internacional sobre gestión de la innovación en las bibliotecas. Se justifica por la necesidad de avances y mejoras en la gestión de la información en las bibliotecas para satisfacer las nuevas demandas sociales. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio de la matriz cualitativa y fundamento constructivista que hizo uso de la metodología ProKnow-C (Proceso de Desarrollo del Conocimiento-constructivista) para la selección, identificación/análisis de la literatura. El resultado fue la identificación de 14 artículos, varias revistas y elementos de sinónimos relevantes y fundamentales para el avance del conocimiento en la innovación en las Bibliotecas.
Las implicaciones regionales de la reforma constitucional de los hidrocarburos en el goce y ejercicio del derecho fundamental al medio ambiente sano
Authors: García Rivera Enoc Alejandro
Published: June 2018

El gobierno mexicano promulgó el 20 de diciembre de 2013, una reforma constitucional encaminada a acrecentar la explotación de los hidrocarburos nacionales con el objetivo de garantizar, entre otras cosas, el suministro energético del país para las próximas décadas. Dicha reforma no sólo ha entrañado la posibilidad de obtener mayor recurso hidrocarburífero mediante la nueva forma jurídica de su explotación, sino también una mayor probabilidad de generar un impacto negativo sobre los bienes jurídicos que el derecho humano a un medio ambiente sano tutela. Por lo anterior, el presente trabajo tiene como finalidad exponer los posibles impactos que el cambio constitucional provocaría en la esfera jurídica ambiental del entorno social ubicado en las regiones de perfil hidrocarburífero, así como las posibles medidas legales que se podrían establecer para contenerlo, a partir de los parámetros jurídicos que ese derecho fundamental establece.
La influencia de los derechos fundamentales en el ordenamiento: su dimensión objetiva
Authors: Mora Sifuentes Francisco M.
Published: June 2018

Los derechos fundamentales han adquirido una centralidad indubitable en las modernas democracias constitucionales. Ello puede apreciarse en las decisiones de los tribunales, así como en los desarrollos que la dogmática de los derechos ha ido acuñando desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX gracias, en parte, a la influyente jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán. El “efecto de irradiación”, los deberes de protección a cargo del Estado y la eficacia entre particulares, son figuras primordiales de toda teoría de los derechos fundamentales en el marco del constitucionalismo jurídico contemporáneo, tanto en su dimensión nacional como en la internacional. Este trabajo analiza dichas figuras con la finalidad de proporcionar herramientas dogmáticas a los operadores jurídicos para su comprensión. Concluye con unas breves reflexiones y una propuesta para futuras investigaciones.
El reglamento europeo 650/2012 ante el cambio de paradigma del derecho de sucesiones
Authors: Carrillo Pozo Luis Francisco
Published: June 2018

El Reglamento Europeo 650/ 2012 tiene como objetivo ––entre otros–– favorecer la programación de la propia sucesión en Europa. En este sentido, parece alinearse con las más modernas tendencias del derecho de sucesiones, superando la vieja perspectiva de sostenimiento de las necesidades familiares para dar paso a consideraciones centradas en la autonomía del causante y en la continuidad de las empresas. No obstante, las limitaciones geográficas a las que se ve inevitablemente condenado y las propias opciones en la selección de la ley aplicable comprometen la realización de aquellos objetivos.
La sierra tarahumara, sin justicia ambiental
Authors: Cruz Sánchez Emilio , Delgado Rivera Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2018

En los Estados contemporáneos es necesario que la sociedad tenga las herramientas adecuadas para involucrarse en el cuidado de los recursos naturales. En México se cuenta con la “denuncia popular”, y los autores hacen un análisis para determinar si es una herramienta efectiva para involucrar a los gobernados en el cuidado de los recursos naturales o no, considerando que con la denuncia popular la sociedad en su conjunto puede evidenciar los excesos y delitos que están cometiendo al ambiente tanto particulares como el propio Estado. Para ello, se basan en la información recopilada en un expediente de hechos que se integró ante la Comisión de Cooperación Ambiental (CCA), sobre tres casos relacionados con tala ilegal en la sierra tarahumara. Dicho informe se integró debido a la denuncia de organizaciones de la sociedad civil, en las que señalan que el Estado mexicano no está cumpliendo con su normatividad en materia ambiental. La exigencia de la ciudadanía por autoridades que cumplan con sus mandatos legales no tiene el eco suficiente, y eso pone en riesgo su derecho a contar con un medio ambiente sano. Los autores aprovechan el tema de la denuncia popular para hacer un somero análisis del actuar de la Procuraduría Federal de Protección al Ambiente y dejar algunas conclusiones, que bien se podrían tomar como recomendaciones. Por lo que este texto presenta un estudio de la (in)efectividad de la denuncia popular como un instrumento jurídico a disposición de las personas, para asegurarse de que el Estado cumpla con su responsabilidad de garantizar un ambiente sano a sus gobernados
Aproximación al interés superior del menor en el derecho internacional privado español
Authors: Fernández Pérezb Ana
Published: June 2018

La reforma introducida por la Ley 8/2015 del 22 de julio, de modificación del sistema de protección a la infancia y a la adolescencia, intenta acotar el término “interés superior del menor”. No obstante, no existe un concepto universal en materia de derecho internacional privado. Los derechos fundamentales de los menores se relacionan con este concepto para favorecer una intermediación entre el interés del menor y los valores propios del ordenamiento jurídico de cada foro, que requieren una serie de precisiones sobre su configuración.
La dignidad humana en México: su contenido esencial a partir de la jurisprudencia alemana y española
Authors: López Sánchez Rogelio
Published: June 2018

De acuerdo con el criterio de la Suprema Corte de Justicia mexicana, la dignidad humana es el valor constitucional supremo del ordenamiento legal. A pesar de ello, existe un desarrollo primario en la legislación mexicana y en los precedentes jurídicos. Aún así, la dignidad humana ha sido reconocida en varias de las últimas decisiones de la Suprema Corte a fin de maximizar el contenido esencial de los derechos humanos. Por tal motivo, este trabajo analiza ambas perspectivas de la dignidad humana: la comparada y la internacional, principalmente la jurisprudencia alemana, española e interamericana.
Unpacking the Mexican Federal Judiciary: An Inner Look at the Ethos of the Judicial Branch
Authors: Ferreyra Gabriel
Published: June 2018

Based on 45 interviews conducted in 6 different jurisdictions in Mexico, this article presents a close examination of the distinctive attributes and practices that characterize the Mexican Federal Judiciary (Poder Judicial Federal). Interviewees included typists, clerks and court clerks, judges, and justices, as well as scholars and experts with an in-depth knowledge of this institution. From an insider perspective, the article sheds light on idiosyncrasies, customs, and organizational patterns that are not well known outside the MFJ, such as its strong hierarchical structure, the nature of the work done, employee salaries, the practices of legalism, the risks of drug-related trials, and structural gender inequalities. It also discusses phenomena like influence peddling, cronyism, and nepotism, all of which are widely practiced within the MFJ but kept undisclosed. These practices do not necessarily have a negative connotation within the federal judiciary because they have become normalized due to their widespread use. In fact, the notion of corruption is somehow ambiguous for many judicial employees. Despite all this, the MFJ has become a more professionalized branch where the vast majority of employees performed their job competently and efficiently.
The Application of Blank Criminal Law and the Principle of Legality: The Guatemalan Example
Authors: Martínez-Villalba Lucas
Published: June 2018

The following article aims to assess the applicability of “blank criminal laws” under positive legal systems, as well as the threat it represents for the nullum crimen sine lege principle. It discusses the approaches to this concept taken by different legal systems in Latin America, particularly in Guatemala, where this technique was recently used to include in a flagship sentence several Conventions in which the State is involved but which are not fully transcribed into the corresponding codes. “Blank criminal laws” are understood as incomplete laws that only establish a penalty, leaving it to another judicial rule the broader definition, and analysis. The article compares the application of such laws in different Latin American countries, and how each country addresses the possible collision with the principle of legality.
Understanding NAFTA’s ISDS: A Challenge for Mexican Attorneys
Authors: Castro Peña Rosa Haydee
Published: June 2018

In the context of the 20th anniversary of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), this article will analyze its Chapter XI: Investor- State Dispute Settlement. Chapter XI embodies the investor’s real and practical experience under NAFTA rules. An examination of the historical record demonstrates that Mexican lawyers have been passive participants in defending investors’ rights. On the other side of the coin, Mexican investors have not been active participants in NAFTA’s Chapter XI, in contrast to Canadian and US investors. Finally, Mexico’s experience in international arbitration has not always been negative, but Mexico has been criticized for a lack of transparency and due process for foreign investors.
Derechos sociales, normas de acceso y democracia. La agenda de los derechos humanos para una convivencia solidaria
Authors: Bonet de Viola Ana María
Published: June 2018

En el presente trabajo se propone un análisis de la relación entre los derechos sociales y las normas de acceso a los recursos a partir del concepto de democracia solidaria. Las graves violaciones vigentes de los derechos sociales tienen que ver con restricciones al acceso y representan un obstáculo para la concreción de una democracia material. En cambio, para dar respuestas serias y a largo plazo a las problemáticas sociales a las que responden los derechos llamados de segunda generación, y en el marco de una democracia solidaria, es necesario repensar el sistema vigente de acceso a los bienes en favor de normas más plurales, más democráticas.
Reforma financiera y la responsabilidad social empresarial en el sector bancario de México
Authors: Borboa Álvarez Edith Patricia , Delhumeau Rivera Sheila
Published: June 2018

En los últimos años ha aumentado la importancia de la responsabilidad social empresarial y se ha generado una expansión de las iniciativas y herramientas voluntarias para una evaluación y comunicación transparente del desempeño del sector bancario. Al respecto, el gobierno mexicano plantea la necesidad de definir una propuesta para ajustar su acción reguladora mediante una reforma financiera. El propósito de este texto es analizar la actual reforma financiera en términos de la responsabilidad social del sector bancario establecido en México. Las principales conclusiones del análisis demuestran convergencias entre las iniciativas, los principios y las dimensiones de la responsabilidad social con el contenido de la reforma financiera; sin embargo, aunque se ha avanzado significativamente en el sector bancario del país, todavía existen pendientes que resolver con respecto al papel del Estado en la economía.
Transparencia en los ayuntamientos: discrecionalidad en su integración y remuneraciones
Authors: Peschard Mariscal Jacqueline , Salazar Rebolledo Grisel , Olea Gómez Octavio
Published: June 2018

¿Se ha arraigado la cultura de la transparencia en el gobierno municipal? ¿Es la opacidad un recurso para manejar de manera discrecional cargos y recursos en ese nivel de gobierno? El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta del estado de la transparencia en dos aspectos básicos del gobierno municipal en México: la integración del cabildo y la remuneración de sus miembros. Desde la teoría, el municipio ha sido concebido como el espacio más cercano a las demandas de la ciudadanía, donde surgen y se ejercen las virtudes democráticas. Sin embargo, lo que muestran los datos es que en algunos municipios persisten claras características de arbitrariedad y opacidad. En este artículo se estudian los municipios de los estados que celebraron elecciones en 2017 —Coahuila, Estado de México, Nayarit y Veracruz—, específicamente sobre la integración y las remuneraciones de los funcionarios municipales electos. Como balance final, se evidencian las tareas pendientes en materia de transparencia y acceso a la información.
La prueba de daño a la luz del principio de proporcionalidad
Authors: Cervantes Pérez Benjamín Alejandro
Published: June 2018

La prueba de daño en materia de acceso a la información es una herramienta interpretativa para reducir la discrecionalidad en las clasificaciones de reserva de la información. En México, el marco regulatorio toma como referencia el principio de proporcionalidad para la aplicación de la prueba; sin embargo, es necesario aclarar los motivos y estándares de dicha aplicación para comprender la metodología a través de la cual deben llevarse a cabo las argumentaciones que den fundamento a una reserva de información, ya que sin ella el ejercicio seguirá siendo discrecional por parte de los sujetos obligados.
Sinal fechado: custo econômico do tempo de deslocamento para o trabalho na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Young Carlos Eduardo Frickmann , Aguiar Camilla , Possas Elisa
Published: June 2018

Este estudo apresenta estimativas preliminares das perdas econômicas associadas ao tempo de deslocamento para o trabalho no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com ênfase para a Região Metropolitana. Foram estimados os custos do tempo perdido no deslocamento para o trabalho e valorados como uma proporção do rendimento médio. Os resultados mostram que as perdas anuais estimadas para o Estado (ano-base de 2010) estariam entre R$ 6,7 e R$ 13,5 bilhões, ou entre 1,9% e 3,8% do PIB estadual. Esse elevado valor é forte indício de que deveriam ser consideradas prioritárias as ações governamentais na melhoria do transporte público.
O trade off do crescimento no Brasil nos anos 1990-2000: Análise crítica e alternativas de política monetária
Authors: Hermann Jennifer
Published: June 2018

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O azul fluminense: Um estudo sobre o comércio do anil no Rio de Janeiro colonial, 1749-1818
Authors: Pesavento Fábio
Published: June 2018

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A TAXIDERMIA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE MOTIVAÇÃO À PRATICA EDUCACIONAL-CIENTÍFICA DE FUTUROS PROFESSORES
Authors: Gomes da Silva Sérgio , Fernandes Ferreira Francimeire , Rodrigo de Souza Marco , Bedôr Jardim Larissa Ferraz
Published: June 2018

O uso da taxidermia de animais mortos por atropelamento, como instrumento de ações na educação ambiental conservacionista, possibilita uma maior amplitude no aprendizado, inclusive de acadêmicos de nível superior. Esse trabalho visou desenvolver o processo de taxidermia junto a acadêmicos do curso de ciências biológicas. Os trabalhos ocorreram no dia 02 de novembro de 2013 no Instituto Federal de Rondônia, campus Colorado do Oeste. Foram usados três espécimes de primatas da espécie Cebus apella e Mico melanurus encontrados mortos por atropelamento na BR 435. O procedimento consistiu em divisão de grupos de 10 acadêmicos e retirada da pele dos animais em laboratório e posteriormente o trabalho de lavagem e secagem, como também a montagem das peles em condições semelhantes ao animal vivo. Os resultados denotam o aprendizado de uma técnica de importância no processo de alfabetização científica. Também foi possível verificar o estado clínico que desencadeou a morte dos animais e a realização de discussões sobre a importância das espécies e dos impactos ocasionados pelo trânsito de veículos pelas rodovias. Os acadêmicos envolvidos poderão utilizar dos conhecimentos adquiridos no futuro para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem junto aos alunos do nível médio, em um processo multidisciplinar, que permite a sensibilização ambiental e incluir a discussão da conservação da natureza.
Uppgjör afleiðusamninga: Mat á reglum út frá dómafordæmum
Authors: Arngrímsson Arnar Davíð , Sigurgeirsson Hersir , Ásmundsson Jakob Már
Published: June 2018

Alþjóðlegar reglur og venjur um framkvæmd afleiðusamninga hafa í gegnum tíð- ina mótast af dómafordæmum. Saga afleiðusamninga á Íslandi er stutt og framan af komu ekki mörg deilumál til kasta dómstóla. Þetta breyttist í kjölfar banka- hrunsins árið 2008 þegar fjölmörg ágreiningsefni vegna afleiðusamninga rötuðu fyrir dómstóla. Í greininni er farið yfir helstu dóma, sem fjalla um uppgjör afleiðu- samninga, með það að markmiði að draga fram þær reglur og leiðbeiningar sem íslenskir dómstólar hafa gefið um uppgjör slíkra samninga undanfarin ár. Reifaðar eru niðurstöður 35 hæstaréttardóma.
Ágreiningsefnum aðila er skipt í sjö flokka: (1) heimildir til afleiðuviðskipta, (2) gengisviðmiðun gjaldmiðlasamninga, (3) reiknireglur við uppgjör, (4) forsendu- brestur, (5) skuldajöfnun, (6) viðbrögð bankanna við yfirtöku Fjármálaeftirlitsins og (7) áhrif af yfirtöku Fjármálaeftirlitsins.
Meðal helstu niðurstaðna er að öllum er heimilt samkvæmt lögum að gera af- leiðusamninga og framvirkir samningar um hlutabréf teljast ekki flóknir fjármála- gerningar. Miða skal við viðmiðunargengi Seðlabanka Íslands í uppgjöri gjald- miðlasamninga ef annað viðmið er ekki sérstaklega tiltekið og samningur, sem verður til við framlengingu á eldri samningi, telst nýr sjálfstæður samningur.
Fjallað er um áhrif yfirtöku Fjármálaeftirlitsins á bönkunum á stöðu afleiðu- samninga og viðbrögð bankanna við yfirtökunni gagnvart viðskiptavinum með opna afleiðusamninga. Viðbrögðin voru mismunandi en Landsbanki Íslands og Glitnir ákváðu að senda viðskiptavinum sínum tilkynningu varðandi lokun samn- inganna. Tilkynning Landsbanka Íslands þótti óljós og túlka þurfti þýðingu hennar út frá viðbrögðum hvers viðskiptavinar sem leiddi til mismunandi meðferðar ein- stakra viðskiptavina.
Informing on Best Practices Using Design Builder and RET Screen to Calculate Energetic, Financial, and Environmental Impacts of Energy Systems for Buildings
Authors: De Lieto Vollaro Roberto , De Lieto Vollaro Emanuele
Published: June 2018

Buildings represent 32% of total final energy consumption. In terms of primary energy consumption, buildings represent around 40% in most IEA countries (International Energy Agency). For such reason, strategies that lead to energy savings and greenhouse gases reduction are needed.

This research aims to provide a methodology able to identify the best system configuration from a technical, economic and environmental point of view by using at the same time two energy software: Design builder, which is able to calculate buildings energy needs under dynamic conditions, and RETScreen, which allows feasibility analysis of clean energy projects.

In order to assess the effectiveness of this operating procedure, a historical building has been modelled and a Combined Cooling, Heat and Power system based on an internal combustion engine has been chosen to ensure environmentally sound way.

In this study it shows the application of the procedure to a case study as an historical building located in Orte City which is near Rome in Italy; the methodology could get a real preliminary analysis for choose the best active or passive system for improve the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of existing buildings, also allowing a cost-benefit analysis useful for the concrete realization of the interventions studied.
Microbial integrity of preservative-free alfaxalone in a multiple-use system for two storage conditions and three handling techniques
Authors: Whitehead Michelle C. , Vanetten Chelsey L. , Jacob Megan E. , Harrison Tara M.
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the microbial integrity of preservative-free cyclodextrin-based alfaxalone in a multiple-use system.

SAMPLE 22 vials of preservative-free alfaxalone.

PROCEDURES 2 storage conditions (room temperature, 22°C; refrigerated temperature, 4°C) and 3 handling techniques (closed system transfer device, nonclosed dispensing pin, and manufacturer-supplied vial stopper) comprised 6 treatment groups (3 replicates/group). An aliquot (0.5 mL) was withdrawn from each vial daily for 14 days. Samples were immediately inoculated into tryptic soy broth and incubated at 36°C for 24 hours; samples were subcultured onto 5% Columbia sheep blood agar and incubated for 48 hours. Isolated colonies were evaluated for identification.

RESULTS There was no evidence of microbial contamination of vials stored for 7 days in refrigeration and handled with a protected port (closed system transfer device or nonclosed dispensing pin).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The US FDA prohibits the use of alfaxalone beyond 6 hours after the vial stopper is broached (punctured), as mandated for a preservative-free injectable medication. Findings for the study reported here supported the use of alfaxalone for 7 days when refrigerated and handled with a single puncture of the stopper by use of a protected port (closed system transfer device or nonclosed dispensing pin). This would appear to be a practical alternative for an injectable anesthetic. It would minimize drug waste and the subsequent environmental impact for disposal of unused drug and allow standardization of storage and handling protocols for alfaxalone use in veterinary practices across the United States.
Beneficios económicos de los servicios recreativos provistos por la biodiversidad acuática del Parque Nacional Archipiélago Espíritu Santo
Authors: Hernández Trejo Víctor , Avilés Polanco Gerzaín , Almendarez Hernández Marco A.
Published: June 2018

El Parque Nacional Archipiélago Espíritu Santo ha sido sitio de interés para la conservación para organizaciones federales, de investigación y no gubernamentales debido a su amplia biodiversidad. Acciones de conservación se manifiestan desde fines de los años setenta, hasta inicios del siglo XXI, como su inclusión dentro de los Sitios de Patrimonio Mundial Natural de la UNESCO. Actualmente, es el área protegida con más visitantes en Baja California Sur, alrededor de 30 mil visitantes anuales, nacionales y extranjeros. Con el objetivo de demostrar que los beneficios económicos son positivos para los visitantes que realizan actividades recreativas ecoturísticas, se propuso valorar la biodiversidad acuática del sitio aplicando el método costo de viaje por tipo de visitante. Se observa que existen distintos determinantes que motivan la visita al sitio para turistas nacionales y extranjeros. Los cálculos de excedente del consumidor individual o disposición a pagar por acceder al sito son de 288 y 8 dólares para turistas extranjeros y nacionales respectivamente. Los resultados indican que los visitantes extranjeros perciben un mayor beneficio por visitar el sitio que los nacionales.
Las víctimas olvidadas en el estudio de la violencia de pareja
Authors: Rojas-Solís José Luis
Published: June 2018

Hombres víctimas y mujeres agresoras: la cara oculta de la violencia entre sexos es un texto trasgresor de la moral pública dominante, lo políticamente correcto y el ambiente fomentado por la focalización de políticas públicas, medios de comunicación masivos y la consecuente sensibilidad social ante las mujeres en su papel de únicas víctimas de la violencia de pareja.