bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Guideline for UAV-Based Data Acquisition for Geomorphic Applications
Authors: Sarkar Dipro , Sinha Rajiv , Bookhagen Bodo
Published: July 2023

Recent years have seen a rapid rise in the generation of high-resolution topographic data using custom-built or commercial-grade Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Though several studies have demonstrated the application potential of UAV data, significant knowledge gaps still exist in terms of proper documentation of protocols for data acquisition, post-flight data processing, error assessments, and their mitigation. This work documents and provides guidelines for UAV data acquisition and processing from several years of field experience in diverse geomorphic settings across India, including undulating topography (~17 km2), alluvial plains (~142 km2), lowland-river basin (~66 km2), and a highly urbanized area (~5 km2). A total of 37,065 images with 16 and 20 Megapixels and 604 ground control points (GCPs) were captured with multiple UAV systems and processed to generate point clouds for a total area of ~230 km2. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for each GCP for all sites ranged from 6.41 cm to 36.54 cm. This manuscript documents a comprehensive guideline for (a) pre-field flight planning and data acquisition, (b) generation and removal of noise and errors of the point cloud, and (c) generation of orthoimages and digital elevation models. We demonstrate that a well-distributed and not necessarily uniformly distributed GCP placement can significantly reduce doming error and other artifacts. We emphasize the need for using separate camera calibration parameters for each flight and demonstrate that errors in camera calibration can significantly impact the accuracy of the point cloud. Accordingly, we have evaluated the stability of lens calibration parameters between consumer-grade and professional cameras and have suggested measures for noise removal in the point cloud data. We have also identified and analyzed various errors during point cloud processing. These include systematic doming errors, errors during orthoimage and DEM generation, and errors related to water bodies. Mitigation strategies for various errors have also been discussed. Finally, we have assessed the accuracy of our point cloud data for different geomorphic settings. We concluded that the accuracy is influenced by Ground Sampling Distance (GSD), topographic features, and the placement, density, and distribution of GCPs. This guideline presented in this paper can be extremely beneficial to both experienced long-term users and newcomers for planning the UAV-based topographic survey and processing the data acquired.
Clarification of the Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) Blanching Wastewater by Ultrafiltration—Study of Membrane Fouling and Flux Recovery after Chemical Cleaning
Authors: Garcia-Castello Esperanza , Moratalla Monica , Reig Milagro , Iborra-Clar Maria , Iborra-Clar Alicia , Rodriguez-Lopez Antonio
Published: July 2023

This study focused on the clarification of real blanching wastewaters from the industrial processing of cardoon, a plant rich in polyphenols and belonging to the artichoke family (Cynara cardunculus). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ultrafiltration (UF) as an initial clarification step prior to a subsequent nanofiltration treatment for the recovery and fractionation of polyphenols from these wastewaters. In this UF process, three commercial UF membranes with different pore sizes: 3 kDa, 15 kDa, and 50 kDa. The assessment of the clarification process was based on two key factors: permeate flux and the concentration of phenolic compounds. The membrane with a MWCO of 3 kDa was excluded as a potential UF membrane due to its limited performance in terms of permeate flux. The 15 kDa membrane showed comparable results in terms of cumulative flux to the 50 kDa membrane. However, further evaluation based on fouling index and water permeability recovery favored the 15 kDa membrane, indicating better performance. To gain insights into the flux decline mechanisms and understand membrane fouling, a study was conducted on the 15 kDa and 50 kDa membranes. The analysis revealed that the cake filtration model provided the best fit for both membranes. The study highlights the potential of UF membranes, specifically the 15 kDa membrane, for the clarification of cardoon blanching wastewater.
Gender Roles in Formal Second Language Learning in a Migratory Context: L2 Teachers’ Perceptions of Moroccan Origin Women in Catalonia
Authors: Ferrerós Pagès Carla , Abdellaoui Hanan
Published: July 2023

In Catalonia, the largest group of immigrants is that of Moroccan origin. Some Moroccan women are conditioned by a traditional family model that is concretised by the spatial separation between men and women in all spheres of society, a fact that influences the socialisation of these women and that, in a migratory context, may have an impact on their early abandonment of formal second language courses. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the importance of accounting for the culture and gender factors in language teaching in a migratory context. We conducted semi-structured interviews with eight teachers of Catalan and Spanish as a second language, as they are the link between the institution and the students. The results suggest that providing instruction to segregated groups might grant women who are unable to participate in mixed-gender language classes the opportunity to increase their second language proficiency and thus facilitate their integration into the corresponding host territory. Offering gender-specific courses is a particular challenge for public L2 schools, where groups are organised according to the learners’ levels and not according to characteristics linked to origin and gender, as the latter practice may be at odds with the criteria of equality that guide public education in the host territory.
Correction: Puggioni, R. Two Years of the COVID-19 Crisis: Anxiety, Creativity and the Everyday. Societies 2023, 13, 24
Authors: Puggioni Raffaela
Published: July 2023

In the original publication [...]
Designing Platforms for Micro and Small Enterprises in Emerging Economies: Sharing Value through Open Innovation
Authors: Osorno-Hinojosa Roberto , Koria Mikko , Ramírez-Vázquez Delia del Carmen , Calvario Gabriela
Published: July 2023

While innovation is essential for sustainable development, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which account for more than 90% of firms in Latin America, face the challenge of benefiting systematically from innovation due to capability and negotiation asymmetries when compared with large organizations. In this context, open innovation holds promise to enable shared-value creation in terms of developing MSME capabilities, operations, and the organization of activities, especially when mediated and supported by public sector actors. It may also hold promise for the development of MSMEs when there is a lack of well-developed ecosystems with multiple central actors, as is the case in many less-developed Latin American countries, such as Nicaragua. Open innovation ecosystems support platforms that form the delivery vehicles for the offerings of firms, providing a framework of processes, rules, and policies for the purpose of co-creating value. These platforms also offer a development gateway for the participating MSMEs, impacting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) created by The United Nations. Despite the potential for open innovation and its application in entrepreneurship ecosystems, few cases document the essential elements for designing these supporting platforms. In this case study, we aim to provide a framework for mediated, shared-value open innovation platforms by applying design science and case study approaches. Our work contributes to the field of knowledge-based ecosystems and open innovation platforms and considers best practices that can be applied in similar contexts.
Assessing the Suitability of Sediment Soil to Be Reused by Different Soil Treatments for Forest Agriculture
Authors: Song Yeonggeun , Kim Sukwoo , Koo Haeun , Kim Hyeonhwa , Kim Kidae , Lee Jaeuk , Jang Sujin , Lee Kyeong Cheol
Published: July 2023

In order to determine the suitability of reusing the sediment deposited in the upper part of the dam as soil for growing forest products, a total of eight treatment plots were formed by mixing cultivated soil, compost, and biochar with the sediment in a volume ratio. Generally, the soil fertility of SS100 was relatively lower than that of CS, with Av. P2O5 being only 22%. SS70 and SS50 increased soil physicochemical properties including OM, exchangeable cations, CEC, and BS by 1.1–2.9 times more than SS100, thus, A. scaber Thunb. treated in SS70 and SS50 showed increased photosynthetic parameters including A, Vcmax, Jmax, and the growth characteristics, especially in the aboveground part, were 20% and 31% higher than the SS100, respectively. Furthermore, A. scaber in CS, SS50, Bc10, and Comp had higher PIabs, DFIabs, and SFIabs while maintaining lower VK/VJ after 10 days of drought stress, Comp and Bc10, in particular, had a high Y(NPQ) and a low Y(NO). Bc5 and Bc10, revealed no discernible differences in soil physicochemical properties, nonetheless, A. scaber in Bc10 demonstrated relatively high drought tolerance. Overall, CS, SS50, and Comp had relatively well-balanced plant growth, and drought tolerance was found to be higher in CS, Comp, SS50, and Bc10, which is thought to have higher water-holding capacity and soil fertility. As a result, if appropriate treatment methods are established, such as mixing sediment soil with cultivated soil at a one-to-one ratio or adding compost, increase the public value of forests by promoting activities such as watershed conservation, soil runoff prevention, and reducing the financial burden associated with sustainable forestry management and SS50 is recommended as the most cost-effective method.
Plant Virus Nanoparticles Combat Cancer
Authors: Shahgolzari Mehdi , Venkataraman Srividhya , Osano Anne , Akpa Paul Achile , Hefferon Kathleen
Published: July 2023

Plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising nanotechnology approach to combat cancer. Owing to their biocompatibility, stability, and adjustable surface functionality, PVNPs hold tremendous potential for both therapeutic and imaging applications. The versatility of PVNPs is evident from their ability to be tailored to transport a range of therapeutic agents, including chemotherapy drugs, siRNA, and immunomodulators, thereby facilitating targeted delivery to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, PVNPs may be customized with targeting ligands to selectively bind to cancer cell receptors, reducing off-target effects. Additionally, PVNPs possess immunogenic properties and can be engineered to exhibit tumor-associated antigens, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. In conclusion, the potential of PVNPs as a versatile platform for fighting cancer is immense, and further research is required to fully explore their potential and translate them into clinical applications.
Creating a Robust SoC Estimation Algorithm Based on LSTM Units and Trained with Synthetic Data
Authors: Azkue Markel , Miguel Eduardo , Martinez-Laserna Egoitz , Oca Laura , Iraola Unai
Published: July 2023

Creating SoC algorithms for Li-ion batteries based on neural networks requires a large amount of training data, since it is necessary to test the batteries under different conditions so that the algorithm learns the relationship between the different inputs and the output. Obtaining such data through laboratory tests is costly and time consuming; therefore, in this article, a neural network has been trained with data generated synthetically using electrochemical models. These models allow us to obtain relevant data related to different conditions at a minimum cost over a short period of time. By means of the different training rounds carried out using these data, it has been studied how the different hyperparameters affect the behaviour of the algorithm, creating a robust and accurate algorithm. To adapt this approach to new battery references or chemistries, transfer learning techniques can be employed.
Landowners' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Aspirations Towards Woody Biomass Markets in North Carolina
Authors: Shaw Jasmine , Hazel Dennis , Bardon Robert , Jayaratne K.S.U
Published: July 2023

Non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners are often not included in discussions of emerging woody biomass markets for energy, yet they will likely be principal suppliers of the resource. Surveys administered to 475 forest landowners before and after an Extension Forestry education program in 10 counties across North Carolina indicated that landowners have low knowledge levels of woody biomass. However, as a result of participating in the training, landowners increased knowledge, had more positive attitudes, and developed aspirations to harvest woody biomass on their land. Extension professionals can use our training model to develop similar woody biomass educational programs.
Converting Face-to-Face Curricula for Online Delivery: Lessons Learned from a Biomass Harvesting Guidelines Curriculum
Authors: Zamora Diomy , Blinn Charles , Chura Dave , Sagor Eli , Coyle Larry , Domke Grant
Published: July 2023

With shrinking budgets, staff reductions, and increased availability and access to digital technologies, Extension educators will be seeking ways to convert face-to-face programs to alternate formats. When converting Minnesota's biomass harvesting guidelines for online delivery, we learned many lessons while planning, developing, and testing our curriculum that can help others through a similar process.
Grazing Schools Improve the Sustainability of Pasture-Based Livestock Enterprises
Authors: Hancock Dennis
Published: July 2023

Implementing intensive grazing management can improve the three primary aspects of sustainability of enhancing profitability, natural resource stewardship, and quality of life. Participants in Georgia Grazing Schools (GGS) held between 2007-2010 were surveyed to assess near-term (six-42 month post-meeting) impact of the workshops on these aspects of sustainability. Respondents reported increased profitability, with nearly 18.9% and 18.9% reporting an increase in net returns of 20-30% and over 30%, respectively. Respondents also highly rated principles learned and experiences gained at the GGS as aiding them in meeting goals of improved natural resource stewardship and quality of life on their farms.
Mobile Applications for Extension
Authors: Drill Sabrina
Published: July 2023

Mobile computing devices (smart phones, tablets, etc.) are rapidly becoming the dominant means of communication worldwide and are increasingly being used for scientific investigation. This technology can further our Extension mission by increasing our power for data collection, information dissemination, and informed decision-making. Mobile computing applications (apps) with relevance for Extension can be divided loosely into three categories—information delivery, collaborative research/participatory sensing, and self-assessment. Examples can be found in all Extension fields of inquiry, from agricultural production, pest management, natural resources management to youth science literacy and managing nutrition and fitness.
Mobile Learning and the Visual Web, Oh My! Nutrition Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Schuster Ellen
Published: July 2023

Technology is rapidly changing how our program participants learn in school and for their personal improvement. Extension educators who deliver nutrition program will want to be aware of the technology trends that are driving these changes. Blended learning, mobile learning, the visual Web, and the gamification of health are approaches to consider using in programming in the near future to meet learners' expectations.
Extension's Online Presence: Are Land-Grant Universities Promoting the Tripartite Mission?
Authors: Arnold Shannon , Hill Alexandra , Bailey Nikki , Meyers Courtney
Published: July 2023

Land-grant universities were established with a tripartite mission: education, research, and outreach through the Cooperative Extension Service. The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate the online presence and technological adoptions of Extension on land-grant university, college of agriculture, and state Extension websites. Almost half of the university websites did not contain a direct link to Extension, and only 10% highlighted Extension services. Many state Extension websites had some form of social media, but only 45% had a link to eXtension. The results demonstrate the need to expand Extension's Internet presence, particularly on land-grant university websites.
4-H ChickQuest: Connecting Agri-Science with STEM Standards in Urban Schools
Authors: Horton Robert , Krieger Jackie , Halasa Katrina
Published: July 2023

While young students are more capable of scientific inquiry than previously believed, elementary school teachers are often inexperienced in and lack confidence with teaching science. ChickQuest is a 4-H-created embryology curriculum for third-graders that meets Ohio state science standards, teaches STEM skills, and promotes ongoing interaction with the experiment. Extension educators work closely with teachers to provide logistical and content support, decreasing any anxiety associated with having eggs and live animals in the classroom. This article explores the experience of third-grade teachers in a large, urban school district that implemented the ChickQuest curriculum. Implications for Extension educators are identified.
Assessment of Beef Cattle Extension Publication Use via Internet Download Monitoring
Authors: Karisch Brandi , Parish Jane
Published: July 2023

Publication download monitoring allows Extension professionals the ability to determine client interests. Downloads from a beef cattle Extension website were monitored from January 1, 2010 to September 1, 2011. Trends in Internet download monitoring of the MSUcares site were assessed. Basic beef cattle production publications were most downloaded. Beef cattle reproduction was identified as a key topic area of interest to website users. Popularity of Spanish language publications indicated an increased need for Spanish language translations Extension publications. This information provides a basis for developing future publications, trainings, and Web-based resources that are most in demand by clientele.
New Best Management for Phosphorus in the Water
Authors: Peek Gina , Penn Chad , Atiles Jorge
Published: July 2023

Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient required by all life forms. P occurs in the environment naturally and may be introduced during farming and household activities in the form of fertilizers. Extension can play a critical role in helping to reduce commercial and household impacts of excess P in soils. Agents can help clients using education and introducing them to best management practices, including a phosphorus removal structure. It is a passive filtration system that removes P from runoff and drainage ditches before it reaches sensitive water bodies.
Update Regarding the Epidemiological Overview of Scorpion Stings in Mexico: 2017-2019
Authors: Soria Raúl , Velázquez Nayeli , Hernández Rashid
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Scorpion sting envenomation (SSE) is a public health problem in Mexico. In 2013, Secretaría de Salud established an objective to reduce the incidence of SSE by 36% through strategies focused on medical care, biological control of scorpions and prevention. Objective. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the policy for the control of SSE in Mexico through an analysis of new cases and incidences to identify future challenges in the control of this acute medical condition. Material and Methods. This study used scorpion sting data obtained from the 2017-2019 Boletín Epidemiológico del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica from Secretaría de Salud. Results. Several inconsistencies were identified in the data regarding new cases of SSE in 2017-2019, with Durango, Puebla, Jalisco, and Guerrero being the states with the highest incidences. The five states with the most cases (i.e., Jalisco, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Morelos, and Michoacán) accounted for approximately 67.27% of all cases in Mexico. The results indicate that SSE has increased throughout the country. Discussion. It is essential to improve both the epidemiological surveillance of SSE and the access to information to publicly disclose all data reported. The goal of reducing the SSE incidence in México is far from being met. Thus, it is critical to review the latest strategy of increasing the availability of anti-scorpion fabotherapics in the country. Conclusions. The goals established in Plan Específico de Acción 2013 are far from being met. Estimates of new SSE cases were surpassed by almost 70,000 cases. The incidence has remained constant in the states considered priorities, which indicates that the policy for the control of SSE is disjointed. The decrease in mortality has had a double effect (i.e., results are successful) but diverts attention from the lack of strategies focused on prevention.
Genes y diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Ochoa-Guzmán Ana , Ruiz-Ruiz Eduardo , Toapanta-Yanchapaxi Liz , Chiquete Erwin
Published: July 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is considered a public health disease that affects the health of millions worldwide. Therefore, the diabetes phenotype that develops an individual is conditioned by inherited DNA risk variants, as well as the response to lifestyle exposure. In this article, we explore the monogenic forms of diabetes, how T2D is the result of the interaction between genes and lifestyle, and some of the methods used to demonstrate the genetic role in diabetes mellitus, through techniques such as linkage analysis, candidate gene studies, and some more recent and innovative studies such as genome-wide association studies, in which more than 400 genetic variants have been associated with T2D across different ethnic groups. Future studies integrating genetic and biological markers are still required to understand this complex disease, and to have access to better treatments.
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: The In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern in Addition to the Quantification of Phospholipase and Proteinase Enzymatic Activities
Authors: Gupta Munesh K , Tilak Ragini , Pal Namrata , Singh Ashish Kumar , Chakravarty Jaya , Kumar Bhupendra
Published: July 2023

Background: Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is a life-threatening fungal infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and neoformans are the causative agents that usually respond well to fluconazole and amphotericin B. However, resistance/ non-responding cryptococcal meningitis cases to fluconazole and amphotericin B have been reported globally. Methods: The causative Cryptococcus was identified by phenotypic and singleplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the putative sugar transporter (STR1) gene. In addition, the phospholipase and proteinase enzymatic activities of the isolates were determined by the plate method using egg yolk agar and bovine serum albumin agar plates, respectively. Finally, the in-vitro minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against isolated C. neoformans strains was determined by the broth microdilution method. Results: A total of 50 C. neoformans strains were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected patients, which were further identified as variety grubii by simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the isolated strains producing phospholipase and proteinase enzymes were determined by the calculation of Pz, a ratio of colony diameter and diameter of colony plus the precipitation zone. A comparative high proteinase enzyme activity was observed, and these strains produced medium to high phospholipase (mean Pz 0.3720±0.082, range 0.23-0.56) and proteinase activity (Mean Pz 0.3069±0.086, range 0.012- 0.54). A varied antifungal MIC was detected, and voriconazole had the lowest MIC50 and MIC90 (0.03 & 0.06 µg/mL) in comparison to fluconazole and amphotericin B. Conclusion: Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii is the commonest cause of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in HIV-infected patients. The isolates had varied extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities. The emergence of C. neoformans strains with higher fluconazole MIC (≥4 mcg/mL) could have resulted in treatment failure.
ESβL and MβL Production in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From HIV Seropositive Individuals
Authors: Adeyemi Folasade M. , O. Oyedara Omotayo , Wahab Abideen A. , Akinde Sunday B.
Published: July 2023

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL) or metallo-β-lactamase (MβL) production by gram-negative bacteria in immunocompromised patients poses a serious therapeutic challenge for infection control and is associated with infections with a higher morbidity/mortality, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to phenotypically evaluate the production of ESβL as well as MβL in 75 gram-negative bacterial isolates from clinical samples of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals. Methods: Bacterial identification was by chromogenic media, analytical profile index 20 E, and 20 NE kits, and ESβL production was tested by double-disc synergy test (DDST) and combination disc method, while MβL production was screened with imipenem ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) combined disc and EDTA-disc potentiation with ceftazidime. Results: Altogether, 57 isolates (76.0%) produced ESβL either with DDST (6), combination disc method (49), or both (2). DDST detected the ESβL enzyme in 10.7% of the tested isolates which were all Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the bacterial isolates revealed MβL production with the imipenem/imipenem-EDTA method, whereas 26.7% of tested isolates produced MβL with EDTA-disc potentiation using ceftazidime out of which 65.0% were P. aeruginosa. Moreover, ESβL/MβL co-production was evident in 22.7% of the tested bacterial isolates with P. aeruginosa constituting 64.7%. Conclusion: ESβL and MβL co-production among the studied isolates indicates a heightened resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting grave health consequences, especially in immunocompromised individuals with already limiting therapeutic options in the region. The study revealed higher ESβL production compared to MβL production in isolates, with the predominating producing specie being P. aeruginosa, and higher ESβL and MβL detection by the combination disc method and EDTA-disc potentiation using ceftazidime, respectively.
Comparison of the Scolicidal Activity of Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Alhagi maurorum Extracts against Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato In Vitro
Authors: Adnani Sadati Seyed Jafar , Aghili Babake , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Norouzi Roghayeh
Published: July 2023

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic disease and has a global distribution. Today, herbal compounds are highly regarded in order to inactivate hydatid cyst protoscoleces. This study aimed to compare the scolicidal activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Alhagi maurorum against hydatid cyst protoscoleces in vitro. Methods: The scolicidal activity of P. gnaphalodes and A. maurorum extracts were evaluated at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL concentrations following 15, 30, and 60 minutes of exposure. Then, they were compared with Albendazole (5 g/100 mL) as positive control and distilled water as negative one in similar doses. The viability of protoscoleces was confirmed with a 0.1% eosin stain test under a light microscope. The experiments were performed twice, and data were analyzed by GraphPad software version 5.0. Results: The results of this study indicated that P. gnaphalodes extract killed 100% of the protoscoleces at a concentration of 200 mg/mL after 30 minutes of exposure, but the hydroalcoholic extract of A. maurorum at the same concentration and time could kill 90% of protoscoleces. Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirmed that P. gnaphalodes had a strong scolicidal effect; however; in vivo studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of P. gnaphalodes plant.
Studying the Inhibitory Effects of Some Chalcone Derivatives on Streptococcus mutans Sortase A to Prevent Dental Caries: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Asadzadeh Azizeh , Abbasi Masoumeh , Pournuroz Nodeh Zahra , Mahmoudi Fatemeh
Published: July 2023

Background: Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important microorganisms in tooth decay. Sortase A (SrtA) of S. mutans is responsible for the attachment of bacteria to the host cell and biofilm formation. Therefore, it seems necessary to investigate the inhibitors of this enzyme to prevent dental caries. Chalcones are always of interest in the medical community due to their wide range of biological activities. Many studies have reported that chalcone can help prevent caries. The present study was conducted to identify potential SrtA inhibitors with the chalcone skeleton. Methods: The chalcone derivatives were obtained from the ZINC15, LEA3D, and PubChem databases, and then the selected compounds were optimized by HyperChem software. The affinity of these compounds to SrtA and total binding free energy (ΔGbind) were estimated by the AutoDock 4.0 program. Finally, drug-likeness screening and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the best ligands were obtained using online servers. Results: Compared to chalcone, four of the studied ligands, including compounds 2, 7, 8, and 9 demonstrated high affinity for binding to S. mutans SrtA, with suitable drug-likeness and ADMET properties. Ligand 9 interacted with the key residues in the active site by the most negative ΔGbind (-4.64 kcal/mol). The best conformation of this ligand had the most overlap with the chalcone. Conclusion: By complementary both in vitro and in vivo studies on the inhibitory effects of compounds 2, 7, 8, and 9, the present study can be useful in controlling tooth decay and dental diseases.
Investigation and Follow-up of Brucellosis in Seropositive Patients and Their Families in Hamadan Province, Iran
Authors: Alikhani Mohammad Yousef , Adabi Maryam , Keramat Fariba , Moghimbaigi Abbas , Kazemi Sima , Shiralizadeh Somaye
Published: July 2023

Background: Brucellosis is recognized as one of the most prevalent diseases among humans and animals. This study investigated and followed up brucellosis in seropositive participants in the Famenin (Hamadan province, Iran) cohort of brucellosis and their families by culture and serology methods. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 66 subjects, including 18 subjects in the Famenin brucellosis cohort study with antibody titers≥1:180 and 36 subjects from their families and 12 subjects in the Famenin brucellosis cohort study with antibody titers<1:80. In the serological method, standard tube agglutination test (STAT positive with≥1:80) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) test (positive with≥1:40) were performed using the patient serum. Finally, 8 cc of the blood of all subjects was used for culture in the BACTEC culture medium. Results: Of the 66 serum samples, 20 (30.3%) samples, including 5, 4, and 10 samples at 1:20, 1:40, and 1:80 dilution, respectively, and 1 sample at 1:160 dilution were positive by the STAT, of which 13 (65%) samples belonged to patients’ family members. Using the 2-ME test, 10 (15.2%) serum samples were positive, of which 5 (50%) cases were related to patients’ family members. Eventually, no growth of Brucella was observed in 66 flasks of the BACTEC culture medium. Conclusion: Considering that a definite diagnostic method is not yet accessible, a combination of methods must be applied to diagnose the disease.
Biochemical Pathway and Protein-Network Analysis of Dental Caries Based on Systems Biology Approaches
Authors: Mohamadi Zeinab , Khamverdi Zahra , Taherkhani Amir
Published: July 2023

Background: Tooth decay (TD) is a multifactorial disorder, and several factors are involved in its etiology. Objective: The present study aimed to unravel the main genes and molecular mechanisms underlying TD. Methods: The dataset GSE1629 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed to uncover differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with TD compared to patients with sound teeth. A protein-protein interaction network was built, and the most important clusters, hub genes, transcription factors (TFs), and protein kinases involved in the regulation of TFs were disclosed. Signaling pathways and Gene Ontology terms dysregulated in TD were also identified. Results: A total of 196 DEGs were determined (false discovery rate<0.001; |Log2 fold change|>1). PTPRC, ITGB2, TYROBP, MMP9, CXCL8, CD44, CCL2, C1QB, C3, and SPP1 were considered hub genes. Further, BPTF and MAPK1 were demonstrated to be the highest TFs and protein kinases likely involved in the pathogenesis of TD, respectively. Conclusion: PTPRC, ITGB2, TYROBP, MMP9, CXCL8, CD44, CCL2, C1QB, C3, SPP1, BPTF, and MAPK1 may be regarded as potential markers for the therapeutic purposes of TD.
Investigation of Serum Uric Acid Levels in Individuals Eating Different Diets
Authors: Turğut Fatma , Duran Hatice Esra
Published: July 2023

Background: Reducing uric acid (UA) levels can provide some improvements in terms of the development risk and course of various diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment of UA elevation have become an important research area in recent years. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between diets and the change in serum UA levels after diets with different carbohydrate, and fat ratios were applied in male and female patients with or without high serum UA levels. Methods: In the study, three different diets were applied, including a low-carbohydrate diet, a low-fat diet, and a diet low in both carbohydrates and fat. The research was performed with a total of 41 patients (10 males and 31 females) who were referred to the diet polyclinic. Diet programs containing different carbohydrate and fat ratios were applied to the patients. The UA parameters of the participants were evaluated retrospectively. Afterward, pre-diet and post-diet serum UA levels were measured, and the results were compared statistically. Results: Following diet programs, there was a significant decrease in both serum UA levels and weight loss in patients. No significant difference was found between the diets applied in terms of reducing serum UA levels. Further, no significant correlation was observed between serum UA levels and diet duration. However, in the correlation graph, there was a more pronounced reduction trend in serum UA levels with an increase in the diet period. No significant correlation was found between weight values and duration of diet. Finally, the difference between UA levels and weight changes was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: In addition to examinations for various diseases, adding UA levels to the test panel in routine biochemistry screenings and evaluating the results together with clinical findings and taking necessary precautions in a timely manner are of critical importance for public health.
The Effects of Lead on Some Markers of Liver and Kidney Functions of Lead Recycling Factory Workers are Mediated Through Increased Oxidative Stress
Authors: Onah Christian Ejike , Onah Chinwemma Florence , Suru Stephen Monday , Olisah Chinedu Michael , Ehiaghe Alfred Friday , Ogbodo Chukwuemeka Emmanuel , Nnaemeka Wuraola Serah , Ijeomah Ukamaka Ann , Meludu Chukwuemeka Samuel , Dioka Chudi Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

Background: Lead is a highly toxic metal of great public health importance. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the kidney and liver function status and the markers of oxidative stress among lead recycling factory workers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 82 subjects (41 experimental and 41 control subjects) aged 20-60 years were recruited in this study. Lead levels in whole blood were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid levels as well as the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were determined using colorimetric method and Berthelot’s and Jaffe slot methods were used to measure urea and creatinine levels, respectively. Results: The mean activities of SOD, GST, and catalase as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly lower in lead recycling workers compared with control group (P<0.05), whereas the mean activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GT, as well as blood lead, MDA, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels significantly increased in lead recycling workers (P<0.05). Furthermore, blood lead level was found positively correlated with MDA and creatinine levels but negatively with eGFR and GST levels (P<0.05). MDA level showed positive and negative correlations with creatinine and eGFR (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed significant alterations in the levels of some biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in liver and kidney in lead recycling factory workers and showed a possible link between oxidative stress and the toxic effects of lead on the kidney and liver.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Nepeta leucostegia Essential Oil Components by GC–MS/FID Along With Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Hamah Ameen Baram , Ghaderi Hiva , Dastan Dara
Published: July 2023

Background: Nepeta is a large genus belonging to the Lamiaceae family. So far, no study has been reported on Nepeta leucostegia compounds and biological effects. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Nepeta leucostegia essential oil components along with antioxidant activity. Methods: Essential oil compounds of N. leucostegia were qualitatively and quantitatively identified and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) analysis. Besides, the evaluation of the antioxidant property was performed using DPPH assay. Results: After analysis, 96.63% of essential oil compounds were identified. Among the 36 identified compounds, 1,8-cineole (39.1%), epi-α-cadinol (6.9%), α-Terpineol (6.0%), α-fenchene (5.8%), and Camphene (5.5%) were the main compounds, respectively. The essential oil showed a significant antioxidant effect (IC50=75 μg/mL). Conclusion: The results of this study complete the information on the Nepeta genus and can be used in the chemotaxonomic study of the Nepeta genus. Due to its antioxidant effect, N. leucostegia has the potential for use in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Screening of Cyclodextrins in the Processing of Buserelin Dry Powders for Inhalation Prepared by Spray Freeze-Drying
Authors: Rostamnezhad Mostafa , Mireskandari Katayoon , Rouini Mohammad Reza , Ansari Samira , Darabi Majid , Vatanara Alireza
Published: July 2023

Purpose: In this study, we prepared inhalable buserelin microparticles using the spray freeze-drying (SFD) method for pulmonary drug delivery. Raffinose as a cryoprotectant carrier was combined with two levels of five different cyclodextrins (CDs) and then processed by SFD. Methods: Dry powder diameters were evaluated by laser light scattering and morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized for the determination of crystalline structures. The aerodynamic properties of the spray freeze-dried powders were evaluated by twin stage impinger (TSI) and the stability of prepared samples was assessed under normal and accelerated conditions. Results: The prepared powders were mostly porous spheres and the size of microparticles ranged from 9.08 to 13.53 μm, which are suitable as spray-freeze dried particles. All formulations showed amorphous structure confirmed by DSC and XRD. The aerosolization performance of the formulation containing buserelin, raffinose and 5% beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was the highest and its fine particle fraction (FPF) was 69.38%. The more circular and separated structures were observed in higher concentrations of CDs, which were compatible with FPFs. The highest stability was obtained in the formulation containing hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-16. CD) 5%. On the contrary, sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) 5% bearing particles showed the least stability. Conclusion: By adjusting the type and ratio of CDs in the presence of raffinose, the prepared formulations could effectively enhance the aerosolization and stability of buserelin. Therefore, they can be proposed as a suitable career for lung drug delivery.
Perception of risk among children: Exploring the risk of TB-rickettsial disease based on the children’s drawing pictures in a Mayan community of Yucatan
Authors: Dzul-Rosado Karla , Castillo-León Teresita , Montalvo-Nah Elisia , Arias-León Juan , Puerto-Manzano Fernando
Published: July 2023

Background: It is important to work on designs of health promotion strategies that involve educational interventions about the risk factors associated to TB-rickettsiosis (Tick-Borne rickettsiosis). Children’s drawings provide a window into their thoughts and feelings. The aim was to analyze children’s risk perceptions regarding by the presence of ticks in a rural community in southeast Mexico. Methods: The main framework used was a social cognitive perspective under the Health Belief Model. Study was carried out in rural elementary schools and included a drawing contest. A total of 224 children (8-12 years old) participated. Drawings were coded and classified; descriptive trend analysis was performed using counts and percentages. The qualitative data was analyzed by researcher experts in TB- rickettsiosis and using Atlas ti V.8. Results: Results are presented in seven categories that consider environmental elements, actors, and cognitive aspects. The environmental context, 99.1% of the drawings represent sites outside the home (92% include vegetation with the presence of ticks in their immediate external environment). In the actors’ category, 69.6% included people carrying out activities (prevention and risk). As for the cognitive aspects, 70% included domestic pets and 13.4% farmyards animals. Conclusion: The children expressed their ideas about risk factors and preventive measures against TB-rickettsiosis with a self-care approach. They acquired knowledge about preventive strategies and clinical symptoms. It is necessary to evaluate what happens after an intervention and how they implement in their lives what they have learned.
The invisible hands in policy making: A qualitative study of the role of advocacy in priority setting for maternal and child health in Nigeria
Authors: Okeke Chinyere , Uzochukwu Benjamin , Shung-king Maylene , Gilson Lucy
Published: July 2023

Background: Maternal and child health is a priority for most governments, especially those in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), due to high mortality rates. The combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy support and social acceptance for health goals are influenced by the interplay between the advocates and the strategies they deploy in planning and advocating for maternal and child health issue. This study aims to deepen our understanding of how advocacy has influenced maternal and child health priority setting in Nigeria. Methods: This is a mixed method study that involved 24 key informant interviews, document review, policy tracking and mapping of advocacy events that contributed to the repositioning of maternal and child health on the political agenda was done. Respondents were deliberately selected according to their roles and positions. Analysis was based on Shiffman and Smith’s policy analysis framework of agenda setting. Results: Our findings suggest that use of various strategies for advocacy such as influencers, media, generated different outcomes and the use of a combination of strategies was found to be more effective. The role of advocacy in issue emergence was prominent and the presence of powerful actors, favorable policy window helped achieve desired outcomes. The power of the advocates and the strength of the individuals involved played a key role. Conclusion: This study finds it possible to understand the role of advocacy in policy agenda setting through the application of agenda setting framework. To achieve the health SDG goals, advocacy barriers need to be addressed at multiple levels.
Determination of Harness Production Time and Defective Product Formation Risk Factors with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: MURAT Naci , KURNAZ Gülşah
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research is to estimate the projected production times of the cable harnesses produced for the tender in a company operating in the aviation and defense industry in our country by artificial neural network. For this, artificial neural network model has been formed for the number of work order, the number of cable harness module, the number of cable harness pin, the number of cable harness label, the number of cable harness back shell, the number of cable harness heat shrink tube, and the number of cable harness terminal variables which may have an effect on the projected production times of cable harnesses for the tender. Multiple linear regression analysis method is used to compare the predictive power of this model and the most appropriate method for estimating the projected production time of cable harnesses for the tender is provided. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of cable harness connector type, cable harness label type and personnel competence level risk factors on the formation of faulty cable harnesses determined during the quality control and electrical testing steps in the production process using logistic regression analysis.