bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Ant Colony Algorithm on Scheduling Strategy Based on Docker Cloud Platform
Authors: Wu Guanqaun , Chen Rongli , Zen Desheng , Chen Xiaozhong
Published: June 2021

With the development of Internet technology, the combination of industrial intelligence and data mining technology has played a huge role in the development of various industries, and has also become an inevitable demand for the development of information society. The cloud service can solve the problem of data processing conveniently and quickly, so it becomes particularly important for the development of cloud service. Traditional cloud service applications cannot meet users' urgent needs for services in terms of rapid release and efficient allocation of resources. Container technology has emerged to meet this challenge. Containers as a better resource virtualization technology will naturally be widely recognized and favored by the industry. Container cloud platform has the advantages of small redundant environment, high resource utilization, fast deployment, flexible and scalable. The proposed method use task scheduling of container cloud platform is to allocate available resources to users according to their different service demands. The result of this paper can ensure the effective execution of user container tasks.
Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy as a Potential Model of Renal Senescence
Authors: Urate Shingo , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Yamaji Takahiro , Suzuki Toru , Abe Eriko , Tanaka Shohei , Taguchi Shinya , Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Kinguchi Sho , Uneda Kazushi , Kanaoka Tomohiko , Atobe Yoshitoshi , Funakoshi Kengo , Yamashita Akio , Tamura Kouichi
Published: June 2021

The kidney is among the organs most susceptible to age-associated impairments. Although there has recently been extensive research on renal aging, appropriate models remain limited. Generally, renal aging is strongly associated with renal fibrosis, which is the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease. Aristolochic acid (AA), a nephrotoxic agent, causes aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), characterized by progressive renal fibrosis and functional decline. Here, we examined the potential of AAN as a model of renal senescence by chronically administering AA to C57BL/6 mice. Compared with controls, the AA group presented aged kidney-like phenotypes such as renal atrophy, renal functional decline, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Additionally, AA promoted cellular senescence specifically in the kidney, concomitant with increase in renal p16 mRNA expression and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, AA-treated mice exhibited proximal tubular mitochondrial abnormalities, followed by accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, Klotho, an antiaging gene, was significantly decreased in the kidney of AA-treated mice. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that AAN partially mimics the aged kidney and may serve as a useful mouse model for research on renal aging.
Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Anti-adhesion Activities of Piper Betle Leaf Extract Against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli
Authors: Kulnanan Pawinee , Chuprom Julalak , Thomrongsuwannakij Thotsapol , Romyasamit Chonticha , Sangkanu Suthinee , Manin Nannaphat , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Pereira Maria de Lourdes , Wilairatana Polrat , Mitsuwan Watcharapong
Published: June 2021

Piper betle leaves have traditionally been used to treat many diseases, including bacterial infections. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-adhesion activities of P. betle extract against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The ethanol extract of P. betle leaves demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of APEC with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5-1.0 mg/mL. Disruption and breakdown of the bacterial cells were detected when the cells were challenged with the extract at 2×MIC. Bacterial cells treated with the extract demonstrated longer cells without a septum, compared to the control. The extract at 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2×MIC significantly inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm of the isolates (P<0.05) without inhibiting growth. At 1/2×MIC, 55% of the biofilm inhibition was detected in APEC CH09, a strong biofilm producer. At 32×MIC, 88% of the inhibition of viable cells embedded in the mature biofilm was detected in APEC CH09. Reduction in the bacterial adhesion to surfaces was shown when APEC were treated with sub-MICs of the extract as observed by SEM. The results suggested potential medicinal benefits of P. betle extract for the treatment of the infection caused by Avian pathogenic E. coli.
Gastrosplenic Fistula Due to Splenic Lymphoma: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Letaief Feryel Ksontini , Nefzi Issaad , khrouf salim , ouali Sonia , Zidi Asma , Magherbi houcine , Ayadi Mouna
Published: June 2021

PurposeGastrosplenic fistula (GSF) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of various diseases, of which lymphoma is the most common cause. We aim through our work to relate two cases of GSF and to review literature. Methods We reviewed two cases treated in our department of GSF and made a research in Pubmed using the keywords “Gastrosplenic fistula” and “Splenic lymphoma”.Results GSF is a rare condition that can occur spontaneously or after initiation of chemotherapy. It arises from the rapid growth of tumour and invasion of surrounding organs. Diagnosis may be difficult to make and confused with splenic abscess. Treatment modalities include surgical resection, chemotherapy or a combination of both. Here we report two cases of GSF due to diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients. The first case is of a 54-year-old woman with a spontaneous fistula in the stomach. The second one is of a 48 year-old- male patient presenting a fistula after chemotherapy. Both patients died after surgery. ConclusionGSF is a rare but dangerous condition in which surgery is currently the preferred treatment.
Characteristics and Treatment Outcome of Culture-positive Tuberculosis Patients among Rural and Urban Residents in Jiangxi, China: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Jiahuan , Chen Guimei , Xiong Guangchu , Luo Dong , Peng Yiping , Chen Xiaowen , Zeng Lingbing , Chen Kaisen
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTuberculosis remains a serious public health challenge in China and disproportionately affects urban and rural population. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients among a population with mixed rural and urban inhabitants.MethodsClinical and socio-demographic information was collected for each culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) patients (with >15 yrs) from January 1st, 2015 to July 31st, 2017 in a provincial TB designated hospital in Jiangxi, China. We conducted both first- and second-line drug susceptibility testing. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to calculate odds ratios for factors associated with the rural and urban culture-positive tuberculosis patients. ResultsOverall, 381 culture-confirmed TB patients were enrolled, of which 302 were from rural and 79 from urban region. Rural patients were more likely to have previous treatment history, be unemployed, less educated, and had a slightly higher rate of multidrug-resistant TB. Urban TB patients had a similar rate (40.5%) of treatment failure with that among rural patients (34.8%). In the final model, individuals with less education (aOR, 3.32, 95%CI [1.31-8.39]), having sputum smear positive results (2.14 [1.34-3.42]), and with multidrug-resistant TB (4.49 [1.09-18.55]) were associated with treatment failure. ConclusionsDespite the distinct social-demographic characteristics, both TB patients from rural and urban population had high unfavorable treatment outcome.
Small Cell Carcinoma Esophagus: Experience of an Indian Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Panda Goutam Santosh , Noronha Vanita , Yadav Subhash , Joshi Amit , Patil Vijay , Menon Nandini , Kumar Rajiv , Janu Amit , Mahajan Abhishek , Purandare Nilendu , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Karimundackal George , Prabhash Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background: Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is a rare and aggressive tumor with no established standard treatment.Methods: This is a retrospective study of adult patients with histologically proven SCCE registered between February 2011 and March 2020 at Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai.Results: There were 56 patients with 29 (51.8%) having limited-stage disease (LD) and 27 (48.2%) having extensive-stage disease (ED). The median age was 58 (IQR 51-65) years, 57.1% were men, 40% were smokers. Amongst LD-SCCE patients, 23 underwent local therapy i.e. radiation (19, 65.5%), surgery (4, 13.8%) and 27received chemotherapy in neoadjuvant (23, 79.3%), concurrent (18, 62.1%) and adjuvant (4,13.8%) settings. Total 19 ED-SCCE patients (70.4%) received chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was delivered to 11(37.9%) and 7(25.9%) patients with LD-SCCE and ED-SCCE, respectively. Signiﬁcant grade ≥3 chemo-toxicities in patients with LD-SCCE and ED-SCCE included febrile neutropenia in 33.3% and 23.5%, anemia in 9.5% and 17.6%, and dyselectrolytemia in 14.3% and 11.8%, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) in LD-SCCE and ED-SCCE were 22.9 (95% CI 1.8-44.1) months and 11.8 (95% CI 7.3-16.4) months, respectively. Age <60years (p=0.004) and tumor epicenter in lower third esophagus (p=0.002) were good prognostic factors for OS in LD-SCCE and ED-SCCE patients respectively. The incidence of brain metastasis was low, both at presentation (1/27, 3.7%) and at relapse (5/56, 8.9%).Conclusion: Although the median overall survival of LD-SCCE is better than ED-SCCE, it is still under 2 years. Brain metastases are uncommon and the role of PCI is uncertain.
Penetration Driving Force of Metformin Hydrochloride via Paracellular Pathway in Relation to its Pharmacodynamic Effect
Authors: Mady Omar Y. , Al-Shoubki Adam A. , Donia Ahmed A. , Qasim Waseem
Published: June 2021

Background: Penetration enhancement of metformin hydrochloride via its molecular dispersion in sorbitan monostearate microparticles is reported. Metformin dispersion in sorbitan monostearate as a carrier was thought to be the basic philosophy to maximize its entrapment in the matrix for maximum penetration effect.Methods: Drug dispersion in sorbitan monostearate with different theoretical drug contents (TDC) were prepared. Results: All products showed excellent micromeritics and actual drug content (ADC) increased by increasing TDC. These two features are essential for industry concerning processing and cost. The partition coefficient of the drug products showed huge improvement. This indicates the drug entrapment should be in the polar part of sorbitan monostearate as a special image. The drug entrapment process was also reflected in the drug release process due to the insolubility of the matrix in the dissolution medium. The drug permeation profiles from the different drug-sorbitan monostearate products are overlapped and its permeation parameters (permeation coefficient, total drug permeation percent & drug absorption enhancement percent) are nearly equal. The results of the permeation study by using modified non-everted sac suggested the main driving force for 11 improving the drug paracellular pathway is its dispersion in sorbitan monostearate (special image) and is independent of ADC. Pharmacodynamic of the drug products showed a significant improvement than that from the drug alone at p ˂ 0.05. ANOVA test indicated the insignificant pharmacodynamic difference between the low, middle, and high ADC of the products. There is an excellent point-to-point correlation between the drug permeation percent and the drug pharmacodynamic percent. The total amount of the drug permeation percent is equal to the mean of the total drug pharmacodynamic percent. Conclusion: The results concluded that the drug permeation driving force via the paracellular pathway is its entrapment in sorbitan monostearate as a special image and it does not depend on ADC. This entrapment mechanism improved the drug pharmacodynamic effect. The technique is simple and the products are easy to process due to having an excellent micromeritics property.
The Frequency and Clinical Implication of Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency in Chinese Patients with Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ye Shuang , Zhou Shuling , Zhong Siyuan , Shan Boer , Jiang Wenhua , Yang Wentao , Cai Xu , Yang Huijuan
Published: June 2021

Background: To assess the prevalence of deficient mismatch repair (MMR) in Chinese ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) patients and its association with clinicopathologic features.Methods: Immunohistochemistry with four antibodies against MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 were performed on whole section slides. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic variables.Results: A total of 108 cases were included in the study, with a median age of 52 years at first diagnosis. Early-stage disease and platinum-sensitive recurrence accounted for 62.3% and 69.6%, respectively. Overall, the estimated 5-year overall survival was 70.3% and 20.7% in patients with early and late stage tumor, respectively. Deficient MMR were identified in 5.6% (6/108) of the cohort and included MSH2/MSH6 (n=4) and MLH1/PMS2 (n=2). The average age of the six patients was 45.6 years. The rate of MMR-deficient tumors in women ≤ 50 years was relatively higher than that those over 50 years (10.0% Vs. 2.9%; P=0.266). A half of the patients with deficient MMR were diagnosed with a synchronous (endometrial or colorectal) and metachronous (endometrial) cancer, significantly more than those intact counterparts (P=0.002). All the six patients had early-stage tumor and the majority (83.3%) were platinum-sensitive. The median progression-free survival was slightly higher in patients with defective MMR expression than those intact counterparts (30 months Vs. 27 months), although significance was not achieved (P=0.471). Conclusions: Ovarian CCC patients with young age and concurrent diagnosis of endometrial and colorectal cancer are more likely to have MMR-deficient tumors. It merits further evaluation whether patients harboring MMR abnormality has favorable prognosis.
Fundamental laws of nature confirmed by free fall
Authors: kalies Grit
Published: June 2021

The principle of conservation of energy is often demonstrated by means of free fall. In mechanics, states of a body with potential and kinetic energy are energetically compared. Based on the mass concept of relativistic mechanics, energy conservation is considered to be linked with mass conservation. We show that the process of free fall can be interpreted more thoroughly, if the cause-effect principle and the mass concept of thermodynamics are applied. For the first time in the history of physics, the mechanism of energy conversion in free fall can be shown, which is valid for any object, whether body or elementary particle. The phenomenon of falling confirms the following facts to be valid of on a fundamental level: i) The principle of conservation of energy, ii) The equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass, iii) The real mass increase of any object with its velocity, and iv) The continuousness of space and time. At the end of the article we explain why the theory of general relativity is unsuitable to demonstrate the conservation of energy during free fall.
Do somatic USP8, USP48 and BRAF mutations differ in their genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with Cushing’s disease?
Authors: Abraham Ananth P , Pai Rekha , Beno Daniel L , Chacko Geeta , Asha Hesarghatta Shyamasunder , Rajaratnam Simon , Kapoor Nitin , Thomas Nihal , Chacko Ari George
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To estimate the prevalence of USP8, USP48 and BRAF mutations in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) from the Indian subcontinent, and determine their genotype-phenotype correlation.
Methods

We prospectively recruited 46 patients with CD who underwent surgery between September 2015 and July 2019 at our institute. Fresh frozen tumour tissue was obtained in all patients. Using Sanger sequencing, the presence of somatic USP8 mutations was documented and the frequency of USP48 and BRAF mutations in USP8 wild-type corticotroph adenomas was determined. Clinical, hormonal and surgical data were then compared between USP8-, USP48- and BRAF-variant carriers and patients with wild-type tumours.
Results

Signature USP8 mutations were detected in 17 (37%) patients. Of the 29 USP8 wild-type adenomas, 4 (13.8%) harboured USP48 mutations, one of them being a splice-site mutation that has previously not been described. BRAF mutations were not found in any of the 29 patients. Corticotroph adenomas with USP8 mutations had a higher incidence of Crooke’s hyaline change than wild-type tumours (70.6% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.032). Adenomas with USP48 mutations had a higher rate of cavernous sinus invasion than their wild-type counterparts (50% vs. 4%, p = 0.042). No other significant phenotypic difference could be established between mutant and wild-type tumours.
Conclusions

The prevalence of USP8 mutations in our series of patients with CD was 37%. The prevalence of USP48 mutations in USP8 wild-type adenomas was 13.8%, including a novel splice-site mutation. BRAF mutations were not found in any USP8 wild-type tumour. USP8-mutants showed significantly more Crooke’s hyaline change and USP48-mutants were more likely to demonstrate cavernous sinus invasion.
Delivery of High Mobility Group Box-1 via Engineered Exosomes Improves Cavernosa I njury -Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Rats
Authors: Yu Lan , Zhou Shiyu , Fu Xin , Liao Chen , Peng Tianwen , Liu Min , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCavernous is a vascular-rich tissue. Thus, vascular reconstruction is suggested to be essential for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by cavernosa injury. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) has been involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of vascular endothelial cell. In this study, the therapeutic efficiency of engineering HMGB1/Exosomes (exos) derived from adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) were determined on injured cavernosa.MethodsWe constructed engineered HMGB1/exos and CD63-HMGB1/exos derived from ADSCs. MTT assay, migration assay, and angiogenesis assay were performed in vitro, and erectile and vascular function were detected in a mouse model.ResultsHMGB1 could be successfully delivered to human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) via engineered CD63-HMGB1/exos. Treatment with CD63- HMGB1/exos resulted in a significant increase in the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs. In vivo experiments showed that rats of CD63- HMGB1/exos group had the highest ICP/MAP values at 14 and 28 days after injection. Meanwhile, treatment of CD63- HMGB1/exos remarkably increased the content of smooth muscle. The expression of CD31and vascular endothelial factors were increased after the treatment of CD63-HMGB1/exos, which indicating improved vascular function.ConclusionsEngineering CD63- HMGB1/exos derived from ADSCs notably repaired injured cavernosa-induced ED via promoting vascular reconstruction.
Translational medicine: What views and challenges do the fracture mapping?
Authors: Shi Guang , Liu Wei , Su Xiu yun , Cai Xi yu
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTranslational medicine（TM）is a bridge between basic science and clinical medicine. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature with respect to fracture mapping(FM) in orthopedics, to clarify what insights and challenges facing FM. MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Digital Library, Web of Science database and references of relevant studies, from the establishment of the database through December 2020, for any and all data regarding the application of FM in orthopedics. ResultsA total of 2777 articles were retrieved, and 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. The application of fracture FM in orthopaedics was as follows: upper limbs (n=10, 35.71%), lower limbs (n=17, 60.71%), thoracolumbar spine (n=1, 3.58%). FM guided preoperative planning (n = 12, 42.86%), and conduce to identify the specific patterns of fractures (n=9, 32.14%), and illustrated the fracture morphology and guided clinical treatment (n=7, 25.00%). ConclusionFM represents a promising technique for describing the morphology of fracture. Moreover, potential promotion classification, preoperative planning, development of fixation concepts, and analysis of internal structure, but its clinical application is still limited. Thus, much further research is needed to determine the potential advantages of this new technique. If possible, guidelines are needed to facilitate the development of FM with regard to the required for developing this technic.
Kidney-lung crosstalk during SARS-CoV-2 infection: In silico hypothesis-generating method for COVID-19 models
Authors: Grigoryev Dmitry N , Rabb Hamid
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPublicly available genomics datasets have been growing drastically during the past decades. Although most of these datasets were initially generated to answer a pre-defined scientific question, their re-purposing became useful when new challenges such as COVID-19 arise. While the establishment and use of experimental models of COVID-19 are in progress, the potential hypotheses for mechanisms of onset and progression of COVID-19 can be generated by using in silico analysis of known COVID-19 conditions and SARS-CoV-2 targets. MethodsSelecting condition: COVID-19 infection leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute kidney injury (AKI). There is increasing data demonstrating mechanistic links between AKI and ARDS. Selecting targets: SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) for cell entry. We hypothesized that modeling AKI and ARDS would lead to changes in kidney and lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We therefore evaluated expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as well as other novel molecular players of AKI and AKI-lung cross-talk in publicly available microarray datasets GSE6730 and GSE60088, which represented gene expression of lungs and kidneys in mouse models that resembled lung-kidney injury seen during SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsExpression of COVID-19 related genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was downregulated in lungs at early stages of injury. At a later stage, the expression of ACE2 decreased further, while expression of TMPRSS2 recovered. In kidneys, both genes were downregulated by AKI, but not by distant lung injury. We also identified 53 kidney genes upregulated by pneumonia and mechanical ventilation (PMV); and 254 lung genes upregulated by AKI, 9 genes of which were common to both organs. 3 of 9 genes were previously linked to kidney-lung cross-talk: Lcn2 (Fold Change (FC)Lung(L) =18.6, FCKidney(K) =6.32), Socs3 (FCL =10.5, FCK =10.4), Inhbb (FCL =6.20, FCK =6.17). This finding validates the current approach and reveals new 6 candidates, including Maff (FCL =7.21, FCK =5.98).ConclusionsUsing our in-silico approach, we identified changes in COVID-19 related genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in traditional mouse models of AKI and lung cross-talk. We also found changes in the new candidate genes, which could be involved in the combined kidney-lung injury during COVID-19
Efficacy and safety of oral zolmitriptan in the preictal phase of episodic cluster headache
Authors: Liu Wei , Lu Jiajie , Guo Xiaoning , Xu Chunyang , Yan Manyun , Zhang Quanquan , Ni Jianqiang , Lu Haifeng , Zhao Hongru
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRecent studies on cluster headache suggested that headache includes three phases.Oral zolmitriptan is effective in the treatment of acute headache attack.We aim to describe the clinical characteristics of different phases of episodic cluster headache(eCH) and observe the efficacy and safety of oral zolmitriptan in preictal phase of eCH attacks.MethodsForty-eight patients with eCH were enrolled in this study. We divided the CH attack into three phases: preictal, ictal and postictal phase and analyzed the clinical features of each phase. We collected the data of twenty-three patients who took zolmitriptan in the preictal phase of three consecutive CH attacks. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and duration of headache after three consecutive treatments were compared with the baseline respectively. Chi square test, t test, Mann Whitney U test, Pearson linear correlation analysis, paired t-test and paired non-parametric rank-sum test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsForty-five patients (93.8%) reported the presence of preictal symptoms. The most frequent preictal symptom was mild to moderate head discomfort in the area of the subsequent serious headache, accounting for 87.5%. The duration of preictal period was positively correlated with the duration of headache. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.313 (P=0.018). Among the twenty-three patients taking oral zolmitriptan in the preictal phase, the VAS max score was significantly lower than that of baseline headache (P<0.01). The duration of headache after three preictal administration was significantly shorter than that of baseline headache (P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions after taking zolmitriptan was 10.1%, including head drowsiness, neck stiffness and mild chest tightness.Conclusions Preictal symptoms were common in CH. Mild to moderate discomfort in the subsequent serious headache was the most common symptom in the preictal phase. Oral administration of zolmitriptan in the preictal period could reduce the severity of headache and shorten the duration of headache in a cluster period without serious adverse reactions.
Water contamination in an energy balance model of climate with coupled iceline
Authors: Radulescu Anca , Morasse Monika
Published: June 2021

Budyko's energy balance model with coupled iceline is a historic system of differential equations, which incorporates water albedo as a major determinant to climate trends. In this class of models, the position of the Earth's iceline, and its coupling with temperature, play a very important role in determining long term climate patterns (which may range between extremes such as a water covered or an ice covered Earth, but also allow for stable states with intermediate icelines). Some extensions of this model have specifically focused on studying the contribution of greenhouse effects to the temperature-iceline long term dynamics. Our model builds upon this existing work, and studies in a computational setup the potential effects of global perturbations in ocean water purity. We found that small changes in physical parameters such as water salinity or chemical/biological contamination may lead to sizeable changes in long term climatic outcomes. Moreover, these effects appear to be enhanced when occurring in combination, and even more so when in the presence of elevated greenhouse effects.
Predictive Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic in India Based on SIR-F Model
Authors: P. Gopinath M. , C. Satyam S. , M. Jenil S. , P. Shashank
Published: June 2021

Impact of COVID-19 has been devastating worldwide, it has disrupted lives of people, economy has fallen and millions of people have lost their jobs. Second peak of COVID-19 is making it even worse for many developing countries. In India, the second peak is reaching nearly 4 times the cases that were reported during the first peak, thus making it a challenge for the government to plan for the future without affecting the economy further. According to WHO, millions of enterprises are at existential threat, nearly half of the global workforce is at risk of losing their jobs and the entire food chain has been disrupted. In order to provide some assistance to the situation, this study aims to use the SIR-F Model, which is a variation of the SIR model. W. O. Kermack and A. G. McKendrick in 1927, proposed the model in which they classified a fixed population into three compartments: S(t), susceptible; I(t), Infected; R(t), Recovered. We have used the SIR-F model which differentiates between Recovered (meaning people infected and later recovered and thus now immune) and Fatality. We have simulated two scenarios including one in which we study the impact of medicine on future cases and also inspected various parameters which shed light on reasons behind increasing and decreasing the number of covid cases in India. In the future, this work can be extended further to develop a completely new model to consider those cases in which people have recovered but are still at a risk of reinfection.
Manifold Dynamic Non-Covalent Interactions for Steering Molecular Assembly and Cyclization
Authors: Song Shaotang , Wang Lulu , Su Jie , Xu Zhen , Hsu Chia-Hsiu , Hua Chenqiang , Lyu Pin , Li Jing , Peng Xinnan , Kojima Takahiro , Nobusue Shunpei , Telychko Mykola , Zheng Yi , Chuang Feng-Chuan , Sakaguchi Hiroshi , Wong Ming Wah , Lu Jiong
Published: June 2021

Deciphering rich non-covalent interactions that govern many chemical and biological processes is crucial for the design of drugs and controlling molecular assemblies and their chemical transformations. However, real-space characterization of these weak interactions in complex molecular architectures at single bond level has been a longstanding challenge. Here, we employed bond-resolved scanning probe microscopy combined with an exhaustive structural search algorithm and quantum chemistry calculations to elucidate multiple non-covalent interactions that control the cohesive molecular clustering of a well-design precursor and their chemical reactions. The presence of two flexible bromo-triphenyl moieties in precursor leads to the assembly of distinct non-planar dimer and trimer clusters by manifold non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, C − H···π and lone pair···π interactions. The dynamic nature of weak interactions allows for transforming dimers into energetically more favourable trimers as molecular density increases. The formation of trimers also facilitates thermally-triggered intermolecular Ullman coupling reactions, while the disassembly of dimers favours intramolecular cyclization, as evidenced by bond-resolved imaging of metalorganic intermediates and final products. The richness of manifold non-covalent interactions offers unprecedented opportunities for controlling the assembly of complex molecular architectures and steering on-surface synthesis of quantum nanostructures.
Modelling the Globalization-CO2 Emissions Nexus: Evidence From Quantile-on-Quantile Approach
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa , Acheampong Alex
Published: June 2021

Sustainable development policies for achieving net-zero emissions require understanding the factors that influence CO2 emissions. Capitalizing on the limitations of the existing literature, this study applies the Quantile-on-Quantile (QQ) approach to investigate economic globalization’s impact on CO2 emissions in Australia for 1970-2018. The results from the QQ revealed a positive feedback linkage between globalization and CO2 emissions at all quantiles. The results further indicated that while there is a positive feedback linkage between economic growth and CO2 emissions at most quantiles, a positive feedback interconnection exists between CO2 pollution and coal consumption at all quantiles. As a robustness check, we employed the quantile regression (QR) test, and the results from QR are consistent with the findings from QQ. The consistency of the results suggests that these study findings are reliable and suitable for informing policies that seek to address CO2 emissions in Australia. The policy implications for Australia are discussed.JEL Classification: C14; C22; F64; Q56
DNA Variation in a Diversity Panel of Tomato Genetic Resources
Authors: Labate Joanne A.
Published: June 2021

A diversity panel of 190 National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions was genotyped using genotyping by sequencing. These originated from 31 countries and included fresh market, ornamental, processing, breeders’ lines, landraces, and home gardening types, as well as six different accessions of the economically valuable cultivar San Marzano. Most of the 34,531 discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms were rare and therefore excluded from downstream analyses. A total of 3713 high-quality, mapped single nucleotide polymorphisms that were present in at least two accessions were used to estimate genetic distances and population structure. Results showed that these phenotypically and geographically diverse NPGS tomato accessions were closely related to each other. However, a subset of divergent genotypes was identified that included landraces from primary centers of diversity (South America), secondary centers of diversity (Italy, Taiwan, and France), and genotypes that originated from wild species through 20th century breeding for disease resistance (e.g., ‘VFNT Cherry’). Extreme variant accessions produce cultivated fruit traits in a background that contains many wild or primitive genes. These accessions are promising sources of novel genes for continued crop improvement.
Pemanfaatan Google-Street-View untuk Observasi Kota di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nugroho Setyo , Rizqiyah Fardilla , Bararatin Kirami , Mahendra Angger Sukma , Kharismawan Rabbani , Soemardiono Bambang
Published: June 2021

Title: Making Use of Google-Street-View for Urban Observation During Covid-19 Pandemic
 
Data collection in the field of architecture and urban design has been conducted mostly onsite through field survey. Yet, covid-19 pandemic made this activity impossible due to the avoiding physical activities in public area. Field survey in the covid-19 pandemic can be conducted through the make use of Google-Street-View (GSV). However, previous articles did not explain sisytematically the topic in the scope of architecture and urban design which were possible to discuss by using GSV. The article aims to review the implementation of observation technique using GSV to support data collection in the field of architecture and urban design. The research method employs the literature review, and case studies from Indonesian cities and abroad by the narrative method. The result showed that 3 topics of discussions were possible to use the GSV as a tool: streetscape evaluation; reading visual characteristics of the city and town; and architectural conservation. Even though some weaknesses were noticed, this technique of data collection give a flexibility for the user especially the lecturers, researchers, as well as students to complete their data collection.
Personal income tax as a tool for implementing state social policy
Authors: Barannyk Liliia , Dobrovolska Olena , Taranenko Victoriia , Koriahinа Tetyana , Rybalchenko Ludmyla
Published: June 2021

Personal income tax (PIT) is one of the most important taxes in Ukraine due to its economic, social and political role. With its help, one can regulate the investment process, the level of real incomes and maintain stability in society. However, the potential of this tax in Ukraine is not fully used. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems of PIT and further directions of its implementation as an instrument of social policy. Laffer’s tax theory, on the dependence of economic efficiency of taxation on lower tax rates and the degree of progressiveness of taxes, was taken as a conceptual line of research. Consideration of world trends in the practice of PIT allowed tracing its evolution and choose the methods of its optimization that are acceptable for Ukraine. The use of comparative and statistical analyses, grouping, structural modeling method, index method and systematization of results allowed formulating the author’s version of the income taxation reform in Ukraine. The introduction of a progressive taxation scale should take into account the quality of tax administration, the availability of tax benefits, deductions and loans, the amount of fines, and public perception of the tax system in addition to quantitative results. The proposed family taxation, based on the differentiation of taxpayers by their marital status, actual solvency through the introduction of family rates and the establishment of progressive rates of personal income tax, will fully implement the principle of social justice in the distribution of income.
FREEDOM AS THE MAIN PROBLEM OF PHILOSOPHY GÜNTHER NEUMANN DER FREIHEITSBEGRIFF BEI GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ UND MARTIN HEIDEGGER. PHILOSOPHISCHE SCHRIFTEN, BAND 9. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2019 ISBN 978-3-428-15537-8 HEIDEGGER UND LEIBNIZ. MIT EINEM GELEITWORT VON FRIEDRICH-WILHELM VON HERRMANN (DAS DENKEN MARTIN HEIDEGGERS II 2 HRSG. VON HANS-CHRISTIAN GÜNTHER). Traugott Bautz Verlag, Nordhausen, 2020 ISBN 978-3-95948-493-0
Authors:   Department for Philosophy and Ethics, University of Latvia, ZARIŅŠ VALTERS ,   Department for Philosophy and Ethics, University of Latvia
Published: June 2021

Book review focuses on two books by Gunther Neumann, dedicated to the thought of Heidegger and Leibniz. If one of the books deals specifically with the understanding of freedom in both of the two philosophers, then the other one deals more with Heidegger’s three approaches to Leibniz’s thought: (1) Interpretation of Leibniz in the context of the making of fundamental ontology and in Being and Time, as well as the reading of Leibniz after Being and Time; (2) Interpretation of Leibniz during the transition to Ereignis thought; (3) Interpetation of Leibniz in the framework of Ereignis thought. Author’s scrupulous close reading approach allows to show the changes in Heidegger’s approach to Leibniz’s philosophy, as well as sketch out the placement of Leibniz’s great themes on the horizon of Heidegger’s history of the truth of being. Author also shows that from metaphysics there stems a certain view in the modern philosophical discussions oriented on neurosciences—a certain view on the human being and on the freedom of will. On this background Heidegger appears as a thinker who has looked beyond the alloy of metaphysics and sciences, in which the concept of freedom has been greatly restricted. Heidegger manages (thanks to the radical questioning of Being) to turn the view on the problem of freedom, which appears in G. Neumann’s books as the main problem of philosophy—through the contact of Leibniz’s thought and Heidegger’s.
THE HEIDEGGERIAN CONCEPT OF DASEIN AND ITS ONTOLOGICAL MODALITY: DAS MAN
Authors:   AGH University of Science and Technology, MAŁECKA ANNA , MRÓZ PIOTR ,   Department of Philosophy of Culture, Jagiellonian University
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a non-standard interpretation of the celebrated Heideggerian existential das Man in terms of its oft-underrated unity with Dasein—an entity of a special ontic-ontological prerogative. The present authors intend to highlight this essential theme in terms of the specific unity of Dasein being-in-the world, covering many subsequent and adjacent existentials in the analytics of the Heideggerian existential hermeneutics, especially Mitsein/Mitdasein. Dasein’s existence-essence is based on the structure of possibilities, and hence free, spontaneous choices, while Das Man is a concrete choice of a certain modus of existence rendering—as it were—all other modi invalid and non-operational. Although Heidegger is far from taking up an ethical or moral stance in its traditional understanding, he is quite adamant that the phenomenon of das Man invalidates a truly human project of existing one’s own possibilities—to wit—be oneself (Jemeines).
Los cortejos del diablo: Lo cómico del poder inquisitorial
Authors: Motato C. Hernando , Arciniegas Hugo Armando
Published: June 2021

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre lo cómico de la novela Los cortejos del diablo (1970), del autor colombiano Germán Espinosa, a partir del papel que desempeñan la locura del inquisidor, Juan de Mañozga, y la degradación a la que sus áulicos y sirvientes lo someten. Para ello, establecemos un análisis contrastivo entre los planos ficcional e histórico, con base en planteamientos en torno a lo cómico tomados de Baudelaire, Bergson y Bajtín. Los aspectos cómicos que pierden a Mañozga, y que se asocian con brujas y demonios, justifican la presencia del inquisidor en la ciudad de Cartagena, así como el propósito de la Inquisición.
Research Progress of PARP Inhibitor Monotherapy and Combination
Therapy for Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Shen Ke , Yang Li , Li Fei-Yan , Zhang Feng , Ding Lei-Lei , Yang Jing , Lu Jie , Wang Nan-Nan , Wang Yan
Published: June 2021

:

Endometrial cancer is one of the three most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive
system. Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancers have poor prognoses and lack effective
treatments. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been applied to many
different types of tumors, and they can selectively kill tumor cells that are defective in homologous
recombination repair. Endometrial cancer is characterized by mutations in homologous recombination
repair genes; accordingly, PARP inhibitors have achieved positive results in off-label treatments
of endometrial cancer cases. Clinical trials of PARP inhibitors as monotherapies and within
combination therapies for endometrial cancer are ongoing. For this review, we searched PubMed
with “endometrial cancer” and “PARP inhibitor” as keywords, and we used “olaparib”, “rucaparib”,
“niraparib” and “talazoparib” as search terms in clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials. The literature
search ended in October 2020, and only English-language publications were selected. Multiple
studies confirm that PARP inhibitors play an important role in killing tumor cells with defects
in homologous recombination repair. Its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors,
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors, cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors, and other drugs can improve
the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Role of Capping Agent for the Colorimetric and Fluorescent Sensing of
Different Materials Using Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Sirajuddin  , Yu Xiuzhu
Published: June 2021

Background:

The selection of capping agent depends on the method of synthesis, nature
of nanoparticles (NPs), and type of the compounds to be analyzed. Therefore, different types of
capping agents such as surfactants, drugs, amino acids, fatty acids, and polymers are used to increase
stability of NPs, avoid aggregation, keep NPs away from one another, thereby achieving
desired morphology as well as the size of NPs.

Introduction:

Recently, the fabrication of NPs has been extensively carried out using synthetic
chemical routes in a wide range of materials. In this review, a comprehensive assessment of the
colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of metal nanoparticles using different capped agents, such as
surfactants, drugs, amino acids, fatty acids, and polymers has been summarized for the present and
future strategies.

Method:

For the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, different methods, metals, and a variety of capping
agents are used to obtain new properties and explore opportunities for innovative applications.

Result:

Capping agents perform their significant role as stabilizers to avoid the over-growth and
coagulation of nanoparticles.

Conclusion:

Capping agents play an essential role in the colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of
metal nanoparticles for particular analytes.
Therapeutic Interventions of Novel SGLT2 Inhibitors Against Metabolic
Disorders: Transforming the Association into Perspectives
Authors: Irshad Kanwal , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid , Rehman Kanwal , Sharif Hina
Published: June 2021

:

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an emerging group of therapeutic
agents that show their tremendous glucose lowering activity without producing hypoglycemia,
which is one of the major drawbacks of existing antidiabetic therapy. Comprehensive literature was
searched in English using electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Scopus
and Embase. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose levels by producing glucosuria via insulin-independent
pathway. The major mechanism by which SGLT2 inhibitors are involved in glucose
homeostasis is to prevent the reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule and increase
glucose excretion in the urine. Deterioration of β-cells, impairment of functions and development
of insulin resistance do not affect the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly
reduce HbA1c, ameliorate glycemic control and control body weight. SGLT2 inhibitors can
block Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) 1 and play a significant role in treatment of heart failure especially
in diabetic patients. They have also positive effects on different metabolic syndromes which cumulatively
ameliorate the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. SGLT2 inhibitors
can improve kidney function by reducing inflammation and improving renal microvasculature
up to its original state. The increase in triglyceride level has a strong relationship with coronary
artery disease in diabetic patients when combined with other indicators of metabolic disorders
while SGLT2 inhibitors cause a significant reduction in plasma triglyceride level in diabetic patients.
We have comprehensively summarized the features, mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors
and their impact on various metabolic syndrome traits, including diabetic condition, renal dysfunctioning,
arterial stiffness, hypertension, lipid profile and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of
this review to examine the safety, efficacy and therapeutic properties of SGLT2 inhibitors in renal
and diabetic patients.
Knowledge of Five Different Types of Indonesian Health Workers Regarding Oral Health Services for Pregnant Women
Authors: Suwargiani Anne A. , Arief Erry M. , Aripin Dudi , Widyaputra Sunardhi , Susilawati Sri
Published: June 2021

Background:

Oral health care for pregnant women is often not provided by five health professionals in Indonesia: dentist, general practitioner, gynaecologist, promotion health officer, and midwives. While pregnant women also neither seek nor receive oral health treatment, even with apparent oral disease signs. This condition might occur due to a lack of understanding regarding the importance of oral health care for a healthy pregnancy.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the knowledge of five different types of Indonesian health workers regarding oral health services for pregnant women.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a population of five types of health workers in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling technique from August until September 2019. The sample size was 191 health workers; calculation of sample size was conducted using the survey population to estimate the population proportion formula. The research data was collected using Google® Form questionnaire, which consisted of questions regarding regulations and socialisation about the oral health of pregnant women, the minimum number of visits of pregnant women to health service facility during pregnancy, the necessity for oral health examination during pregnancy, oral health treatment package for pregnant women, advisory for pregnant women to have an oral health examination, maternal and child health manual book. The questionnaire was distributed online to the five types of health workers in Indonesia. Data were analysed using Microsoft® Excel and presented in tabular form.

Results:

Nine out of thirteen knowledge criteria were in the 'less' category, which means 69% of health workers lacked knowledge regarding oral health services for pregnant women. Likewise, the number of respondents who knew the correct knowledge was found in 9 of the 13 criteria, indicated that only a small proportion of health workers had adequate knowledge regarding oral health services for pregnant women.

Conclusion:

Five different types of Indonesian health workers are not knowledgeable enough regarding the importance of oral health services for pregnant women. Only a small portion of Indonesia's health workers have adequate knowledge regarding appropriate oral health services for pregnant women.