bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of flexible flapping wings using computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics method
Authors: Liu Long , Li Hongda , Ang Haisong , Xiao Tianhang
Published: October 2016

A fluid–structure interaction numerical simulation was performed to investigate the flow field around a flexible flapping wing using an in-house developed computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics solver. The three-dimensional (3D) fluid–structure interaction of the flapping locomotion was predicted by loosely coupling preconditioned Navier–Stokes solutions and non-linear co-rotational structural solutions. The computational structural dynamic solver was specifically developed for highly flexible flapping wings by considering large geometric non-linear characteristics. The high fidelity of the developed methodology was validated by benchmark tests. Then, an analysis of flexible flapping wings was carried out with a specific focus on the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms and effects of flexion on flexible flapping wings. Results demonstrate that the flexion will introduce different flow fields, and thus vary thrust generation and pressure distribution significantly. In the meanwhile, relationship between flapping frequency and flexion plays an important role on efficiency. Therefore, appropriate combination of frequency and flexion of flexible flapping wings provides higher efficiency. This study may give instruction for further design of flexible flapping wings.
Combustion via multiple pairs of opposing premixed flames with a cross-flow
Authors: Kamal MM
Published: October 2016

A cylindrical burner accommodating stoichiometric fuel–air mixture combustion via multiple pairs of opposing jets and a cross-flow provided heat intensification and duplication of the stagnation impact for extending the firing limits and maximizing the power density. Six pairs of circumferentially opposing stoichiometric mixture jets sustained bulk injection velocities as high as 21.8 m/s and were associated with NOx emissions of 22 ppm, while emissions of 10 ppm were recorded upon reaching a lean limit equivalence ratio of 0.59. A stoichiometric mixture jet issuing perpendicular to the opposing jets at a momentum flux ratio of 0.3 increased the turbulence production rates to the extent that increased the maximum bulk injection velocity to 28.3 m/s and reduced the NOx emissions to 17 ppm. Since the recirculation zones between the two stagnation centers got compressed by increasing the momentum flux ratio to 0.8, the corresponding residence time reduction decreased the NOx emissions to 12 ppm. As the cross-flow mixture was made fuel–lean, dilution of the stoichiometric mixture by the fuel–lean mixture combustion products made it possible to get NOx emissions of single digit ppm. Emissions of 9 ppm resulted from using the cross-flow fuel–lean mixture jet due to compromising the flame stability limit extension and the temperature reduction in the post flame region. Such emissions, in turn, decreased to 4 ppm as the momentum flux ratio increased to 1.7 at which the stoichiometric mixture flames shrank into their ports. A minimum NOx emission index of 0.27 g/kg fuel was thus obtained at a volumetric heat release of 50.4 MW/m3. The momentum flux ratio corresponding to merging the two stagnation zones was correlated with Reynolds and Froude numbers, the jets’ separation as well as the density and viscosity values pertaining to the lean and stoichiometric mixtures’ flame temperatures.
Capturing the relevant problems leading to pain- and usage-driven innovations: The Dependency Structure Modeling Value Bucket algorithm
Authors: Yannou Bernard , Cluzel François , Farel Romain
Published: October 2016

The Dependency Structure Modeling Value Bucket tool is integrated into Radical Innovation Design methodology in order to explore the front end of innovation in need seeker mode. The determination of innovation opportunities, here called value buckets, has been automated by matrix representations of dependencies among problems or pain points, usage situations, and existing solutions. Three matrices are built along the problem-setting stage of a Radical Innovation Design process. The first matrix expresses which problems occur during usage scenarios, the second how far existing solutions cover problems, and the third to what degree existing solutions are useful in usage situations. Combining these three matrices results in a matrix of value buckets, which represents the combinations of important problems which occur during characteristic usage situations and for which few existing solutions are useful or efficient. This outcome allows focused creativity workshops to be run, resulting in usage innovations with a high likelihood of market success.
Process optimization for high-pressure processing of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) using response surface methodology
Authors: Kaur Barjinder Pal , Rao P Srinivasa
Published: October 2016

This study aims to investigate the effect of high-pressure processing on the quality of black tiger shrimp using response surface methodology. A central composite rotatable design was applied to evaluate the effects of three processing parameters, namely pressure (300–600 MPa), temperature (30–50 ℃), and time (0–15 min), on the inactivation rate of Staphylococcus aureus and physical properties (color and texture) of shrimp and to optimize the process conditions to achieve maximum bacterial inactivation with minimal changes in quality attributes. The results revealed that the processing conditions significantly affected the studied responses and the experimental data have been adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression coefficients (R2) of 0.92, 0.92, and 0.94 for the inactivation rate of S. aureus, hardness, and color changes, respectively. The optimized conditions targeting minimum six log cycle reductions of S. aureus with moderate changes in quality attributes were obtained as: pressure, 361 MPa; time, 12 min and temperature, 46 ℃. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was verified effectively by the validation data.
Physical Inactivity From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: The Relevance of Various Dimensions of Inequality in a Swedish Longitudinal Sample
Authors: Wells Laura , Nermo Magnus , Östberg Viveca
Published: October 2016

As physical inactivity may track from adolescence to adulthood, it is important to identify social determinants of physical inactivity in early life. However, most studies have measured socioeconomic position as one dimension. We examine whether multiple dimensions of socioeconomic position, in addition to other dimensions of inequality (i.e., gender, immigrant background), associate with physical inactivity at two time points in youth. Longitudinal data were drawn from the Swedish Level of Living Survey ( N = 765) and analysed by gender-stratified logistic regression. Among girls, low parental social class (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.28, 5.42]) and income (OR = 2.28, 95% [CI 1.12, 4.65]) were associated with physical inactivity, while immigrant background (OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.03, 5.23]) and a low level of parental education (OR = 3.38, 95% CI [1.15, 9.95]) predicted physical inactivity among women. Among boys, low parental income (OR = 3.27, 95% CI [1.39, 7.69]) was associated with physical inactivity, whereas immigrant background (OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.04, 5.03]) predicted physical inactivity among men. Our results suggest that physical inactivity is socially patterned, but different dimensions of social stratification should not be considered interchangeable as they may operate independently, through intersection with gender, and at different time points in youth in increasing the risk of physical inactivity.
On the performance and energy efficiency of sparse linear algebra on GPUs
Authors: Anzt Hartwig , Tomov Stanimire , Dongarra Jack
Published: October 2016

In this paper we unveil some performance and energy efficiency frontiers for sparse computations on GPU-based supercomputers. We compare the resource efficiency of different sparse matrix–vector products (SpMV) taken from libraries such as cuSPARSE and MAGMA for GPU and Intel’s MKL for multicore CPUs, and develop a GPU sparse matrix–matrix product (SpMM) implementation that handles the simultaneous multiplication of a sparse matrix with a set of vectors in block-wise fashion. While a typical sparse computation such as the SpMV reaches only a fraction of the peak of current GPUs, we show that the SpMM succeeds in exceeding the memory-bound limitations of the SpMV. We integrate this kernel into a GPU-accelerated Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (LOBPCG) eigensolver. LOBPCG is chosen as a benchmark algorithm for this study as it combines an interesting mix of sparse and dense linear algebra operations that is typical for complex simulation applications, and allows for hardware-aware optimizations. In a detailed analysis we compare the performance and energy efficiency against a multi-threaded CPU counterpart. The reported performance and energy efficiency results are indicative of sparse computations on supercomputers.
Gender jobs: Dilemmas of Gender Studies education and employability in Sweden
Authors: Werner Ann , Lundberg Anna
Published: October 2016

In the past decades a large number of students have taken courses and degrees in Gender Studies around Europe and proceeded to find employment. This article is based on a quantitative and qualitative study carried out in 2012 of Gender Studies students in Sweden, their education and employment. The design of the study was inspired by a large European research project investigating Women’s Studies in Europe and concerned with the motives for doing Gender Studies among Swedish students, as well as who the students were, how they evaluated their Gender Studies education and what work they proceeded to after they left the university. In this article the results are discussed in terms of dilemmas: between Gender Studies’ critique of neoliberalism, employability and the former students’ wishes to be employed, and their evaluation of their studies and employment. The Swedish study is also compared with previous research in order to understand general and particular traits in Swedish Gender Studies education and employment. Analysis points to interesting contradictions within Gender Studies in relation to the labor market, student groups and employability.
Professionalism as proxy for business education: Considering Arts and Science majors pursuing business minors
Authors: Way Amy K , Marinelli Samantha , Jaworski Kasia , Diment Ashley , Buterbaugh Kaitlyn , Ventura Vincent
Published: October 2016

With increased scrutiny over the value and promise of higher education, liberal arts degrees face criticism, in favor of professional degrees like business that position students for a linear career path to lucrative work. Research for this article is based on 20 interviews with college students majoring in Arts and Sciences, who completed a summer program to obtain a business minor. Our findings demonstrate that participants talk about the business minor as a key factor in ‘selling themselves’ to potential employers by (1) highlighting the discipline required to complete the program, (2) acting as a conversation starter with potential employees, and (3) emphasizing the broad applicability of a business minor. Implications demonstrate the power of professionalism to render specialized knowledge (like business knowledge) insignificant while offering an extension of Williams’ ideal-worker norm to young people.
Influence of female sex and fertile age on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Borisow Nadja , Kleiter Ingo , Gahlen Anna , Fischer Katrin , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Pache Florence , Ruprecht Klemens , Havla Joachim , Krumbholz Markus , Kümpfel Tania , Aktas Orhan , Ringelstein Marius , Geis Christian , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Berthele Achim , Hemmer Bernhard , Angstwurm Klemens , Weissert Robert , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Schuster Simon , Stangel Martin , Lauda Florian , Tumani Hayrettin , Mayer Christoph , Zeltner Lena , Ziemann Ulf , Linker Ralf A , Schwab Matthias , Marziniak Martin , Then Bergh Florian , Hofstadt-van Oy Ulrich , Neuhaus Oliver , Winkelmann Alexander , Marouf Wael , Rückriem Lioba , Faiss Jürgen , Wildemann Brigitte , Paul Friedemann , Jarius Sven , Trebst Corinna , Hellwig Kerstin ,   on behalf of NEMOS (Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group)
Published: October 2016

Background:

Gender and age at onset are important epidemiological factors influencing prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment response in autoimmune diseases.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of female sex and fertile age on aquaporin-4-antibody (AQP4-ab) status, attack localization, and response to attack treatment in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its spectrum disorders (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)).

Methods:

Female-to-male ratios, diagnosis at last visit (NMO vs NMOSD), attack localization, attack treatment, and outcome were compared according to sex and age at disease or attack onset.

Results:

A total of 186 NMO/SD patients (82% female) were included. In AQP4-ab-positive patients, female predominance was most pronounced during fertile age (female-to-male ratio 23:1). Female patients were more likely to be positive for AQP4-abs (92% vs 55%; p < 0.001). Interval between onset and diagnosis of NMO/SD was longer in women than in men (mean 54 vs 27 months; p = 0.023). In women, attacks occurring ⩽40 years of age were more likely to show complete remission ( p = 0.003) and better response to high-dose intravenous steroids ( p = 0.005) compared to woman at >40 years.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest an influence of sex and age on susceptibility to AQP4-ab-positive NMO/SD. Genetic and hormonal factors might contribute to pathophysiology of NMO/SD.
Determinants of residential property time on the real estate market in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Victoria Amietsenwu , Adeola Taiwo Olusola
Published: October 2016

The real estate market consist of properties of various types (commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational and residential) that are believed to have inflation hedging characteristics that make them ideal investment in the building industry. In the market, investment in residential property is not a liquid asset; its illiquidity is most often measured by the time the property spends on the market. The time on the market may be determined by variables such as physical attributes of the property and macroeconomic variables. The paper therefore examined the variables that explain the time bare land (for residential development) and residential property spends on the market before being sold in Akure, Nigeria. Using the Multiple Regression Model, the study finds Season Property was Listed for Sale, Distance to the Tarred Road and Asking Price to have influence on the time bare land was sold. For the residential properties, variables such as State of Repairs, State of Water Supply, Zone and Number of Convenience in a house were significant. The study therefore recommended that property developers should pay attention on these housing attributes that influence time on the market in order to enhance the marketability of their properties and thereby reduce the time property spends on the market.
The effect of correlated colour temperature of lighting on thermal sensation and thermal comfort in a simulated indoor workplace
Authors: Baniya Rupak R , Tetri Eino , Virtanen Jukka , Halonen Liisa
Published: October 2016

The ‘hue-heat’ hypothesis states that an environment which has wavelengths predominantly toward the red end of the visual spectrum feels ‘warm’ and one with wavelengths mainly toward the blue end feels ‘cool’. In order to test the hypothesis and to study the impacts of the correlated colour temperature of a light source on thermal sensation and thermal comfort, a study was conducted in a test room illuminated with an Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting system with an adjustable correlated colour temperature where air temperature, air velocity, and relative humidity were kept constant. The correlated colour temperature of lighting inside the test room was changed gradually while keeping the colour rendering index values greater than 90, an illuminance level of 500 lx, and chromaticity difference (Duv) values within the limits of ±0.005. Sixteen study subjects were exposed to a ‘high room temperature’ (25℃) and a ‘low room temperature’ (20℃) on different days. The subjects were adapted to low correlated colour temperature (2700 K), medium correlated colour temperature (4000 K), and high correlated colour temperature (6200 K) lighting for 10 min and subsequently completed the questionnaire about their thermal comfort and thermal sensation. The results of this survey did not provide support for the hue-heat hypothesis and indicated that people felt thermally more comfortable in an indoor workplace at the correlated colour temperature of 4000 K than at the correlated colour temperature of 2700 K or 6200 K.
Delivering criticism through anecdotes in interaction
Authors: Pino Marco
Published: October 2016

Criticising someone’s conduct is a disaffiliative action that can attract recipient objections, particularly in the form of defensive detailing by which the recipient volunteers extenuating circumstances that undermine the criticism. In Therapeutic Community (TC) meetings for clients with drug addiction, support staff regularly criticise clients’ behaviours that violate therapeutic principles or norms of conduct. This study examines cases where, rather than criticising a client’s behaviour directly, TC staff members do so indirectly through an anecdote: a case illustrating the inappropriateness of the type of conduct of which the client’s behaviour is an instantiation. TC staff members design the anecdote to convey a principle or norm of conduct which the client has putatively violated, and they systematically pursue endorsement of that principle by the client. By constructing the anecdote as an exemplary case, distanced from the individual client’s personal experience, TC staff members make it an empirically unverifiable, self-evident, and therefore hard to challenge, illustration of a norm.
The current state of early literacy for deaf and hearing children: A survey of early childhood educators
Authors: Moses Annie M , Golos Debbie B , Roemen Brynn , Cregan Gabrielle E
Published: October 2016

Children, from birth, acquire literacy within various contexts, including in early childhood educational settings. In the United States, there has been renewed attention from the public, the government and educators to increase the quality of early childhood education. Particular focus has been on settings serving children who are at risk for of later literacy failure. This can include deaf children who typically fall well behind their hearing peers in literacy during the school years and beyond. However, little is known about the frequency and types of literacy experiences offered to deaf children as compared to those offered to hearing children. The current investigation aimed to account for the literacy activities and materials provided to hearing and deaf children through a survey of early childhood educators ( N = 155) who work primarily with one of these populations. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square Tests of Independence comparisons indicated that, although there is room for improvement in both populations, deaf children in particular may not be receiving access to high quality literacy activities in EC settings. Based on the study’s findings, directions for future research and also the preparation and continued development of all early childhood educators are identified.
An occupational perspective of the lived experience of familial dementia caregivers: A thematic review of qualitative literature
Authors: Hooper Emma K , Collins Tracy
Published: October 2016

Dementia caregiving is thought to have a negative impact on health and wellbeing. This critical review of qualitative literature explored the lived experience of familial dementia caregivers from an occupational therapy perspective. The method was informed by systematic review and qualitative research methodologies and was structured within the occupational dimensions framework of doing–being–becoming–belonging. A comprehensive search of major databases was undertaken which identified 484 studies on the topic; 14 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Ten themes emerged within the doing-being-becoming-belonging framework from the analysis of the studies. The occupational participation of caregivers is conveyed within the ‘doing’ domain. Ways in which caregiving impacts upon opportunities for self-nurture are presented within the ‘being’ domain. The ‘becoming’ domain elucidates ways in which caregivers redefine themselves, their values and their priorities through their caregiving role. The ‘belonging’ domain depicts ways in which caregivers’ connections with their care recipient and others are shaped over time. Practice implications for health and social care practitioners who work with familial dementia caregivers are presented in light of the findings.
Improving access to a multi-component intervention for caregivers and people with dementia
Authors: Milders Maarten , Bell Stephen , Lorimer Angus , Jackson Heather , McNamee Paul
Published: October 2016

Due to the increasing social and economic costs of dementia, there are urgent calls to develop accessible and sustainable care for people with dementia and their caregivers. Multi-component non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) appear effective in improving or maintaining daily functioning and well-being, but are typically labour-intensive for health care professionals, thus hindering access. The current study aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a novel approach to widen access to NPI by involving caregivers to present part of the intervention and with staff from local support organizations instructed to train the caregivers. Trainers and caregivers were shown to comply with training instructions and the direct intervention costs were low. Feedback from trainers and caregivers was positive and well-being ratings from people with dementia and caregivers remained stable over time and caregivers’ sense of competence improved. The findings suggest that involving caregivers and trained non-professionals to provide the intervention is feasible and acceptable and could be a cost-effective solution to improve access to care.
The Socratic Method: Empirical Assessment of a Psychology Capstone Course
Authors: Burns Lawrence R. , Stephenson Paul L. , Bellamy Katy
Published: October 2016

Although students make some epistemological progress during college, most graduate without developing meaning-making strategies that reflect an understanding that knowledge is socially constructed. Using a pre-test–post-test design and a within-subjects 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVA, this study reports on empirical findings which support the Socratic method of teaching as effective in challenging and changing psychology capstone students’ levels of epistemological maturity as measured by the Learning Environment Preferences survey and Perry’s model of intellectual maturity.
A monitoring technique for disbond area in carbon fiber–reinforced polymer bonded joints using embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors: Development and experimental validation
Authors: Yashiro Shigeki , Wada Jumpei , Sakaida Yoshihisa
Published: October 2016

This study evaluated fatigue-induced disbond areas in carbon fiber–reinforced polymer double-lap joints using embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors. When the disbond grew by cyclic loading, the embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors yielded reflection spectra having two peaks representing a step-like strain distribution generated by the disbond; the peak at the shorter wavelength corresponded to the unloaded disbond region. The ratio of the peak intensity at the shorter wavelength to that at the longer wavelength increased gradually with increasing disbond length. The relationship between the peak intensity ratio and the disbond length was analyzed by coupled structural–optical analysis and was validated by comparing analytical peak intensity ratio with the experiment results. The disbond length was then estimated from the measured spectra based on this analytical calibration relationship, but the estimated disbond area exceeded that observed using the ultrasonic C-scan technique. Additional experiments including destructive observation of the adhesive suggested that an embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor could detect a moving disbond tip earlier than conventional nondestructive techniques.
Influence of axial loads on the health monitoring of concrete structures using embedded piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Liu Tiejun , Zou Dujian , Du Chengcheng , Wang Ying
Published: October 2016

Piezoceramic-based smart aggregate has been widely used to evaluate early-age concrete strength and to detect damage in concrete structures. In these structural health monitoring systems, they are generally verified and calibrated through experiments under load-free condition. However, the stress levels of actual concrete members are different. The microstructures of concrete will change with the variation of external load, and the high-frequency waves used in the monitoring system may be highly sensitive to these changes. In this study, the effects of axial compressive loading on the monitoring results are investigated. Specifically, three loading cases, that is, single cycle load, cyclic load, and step-by-step load, are employed to stress the concrete specimens embedded with smart aggregates. The amplitude and velocity of monitoring signals were measured before, during, and after each loading case. The test results show that the axial load lower than 30% of failure load still have a significant impact on the received signals. The amplitude attenuation is dependent on both frequency and load history, while the velocity is highly stress-dependent. The results indicate that the baselines of monitoring signals obtained from the same concrete structure in its healthy state can vary under different stress levels. The axial load variation should be carefully considered during the monitoring process. This study also provides a potential method to assess stress state in concrete structures using smart aggregates.
A functionally layered sensing skin for the detection of corrosive elements and cracking
Authors: Seppänen Aku , Hallaji Milad , Pour-Ghaz Mohammad
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we propose an electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-based multifunctional surface sensing system, or sensing skin, for structural health monitoring. More specifically, the EIT-based sensing skin is developed for detecting and localizing the ingress of chlorides and cracking: two phenomena which are of concern in many structures, including reinforced concrete structures. The multifunctional sensing skin is made of two layers: one layer is sensitive to both chlorides and cracking, and the other layer is sensitive to cracking only. In the experiments, the sensing skin is tested on a polymeric and concrete substrate. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the multifunctional multi-layer sensing skin for detecting and localizing corrosive elements and cracking, and for distinguishing between them.
A survey on network simulators in three-dimensional wireless ad hoc and sensor networks
Authors: Kang SeokYoon , Aldwairi Monther , Kim Ki-Il
Published: October 2016

As steady research in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks is going on, performance evaluation through relevant network simulator becomes indispensable procedure to demonstrate superiority to comparative schemes and suitability in most literatures. Thus, it is very important to establish credibility of simulation results by investigating merits and limitations of each simulator prior to selection. Based on this motivation, in this article, we present a comprehensive survey on current network simulators for new emerging research area, three-dimensional wireless ad hoc and sensor networks which is represented by airborne ad hoc networks and underwater sensor networks by reviewing major existing simulators as well as presenting their main features in several aspects. In addition, we address the outstanding mobility models which are main components in simulation study for self-organizing ad hoc networks. Finally, open research issues and research challenges are discussed and presented.
Hybrid access for femtocells based on contract theory
Authors: Xue Jiao , Yue Jianting
Published: October 2016

Femtocell is a promising technology for wireless communication in the near future, due to its benefits in improving indoor coverage and enhancing system throughput. Access control is a critical issue for both operator and mobile users, and there lie three choices including open, closed and hybrid access. Hybrid access seems to be a promising choice since the femtocell opens part of the resources for macrocell users while reserving the residual part for its own femtocell users. In this way, the femtocell helps improve the network performance without much sacrifice of its own utility. Meanwhile, the macrocell should offer adequate incentive to motivate the femtocells, otherwise the femtocells are unwilling to open their resources. As another challenging obstacle, the macrocell could hardly ask femtocells to truthfully reveal their private information which is important for hybrid access, thus the situation with asymmetric information happens. Contract theory is hereby introduced to deal with such a problem. In this article, we propose a mechanism for hybrid access control, wherein the macrocell remunerates certain amount of spectrum to femtocells according to their contribution of data rate to macrocell users. This design ultimately improves the service quality for macrocell users. After figuring out the sufficient and necessary conditions for feasible contract using contract theory, we further derive the optimal contract. We also discuss several issues due to the distinctive characteristics of our problem.
Mallet Fractures of the Thumb Compared With Mallet Fractures of the Fingers
Authors: Oflazoglu Kamilcan , Moradi Ali , Braun Yvonne , Ring David , Chen Neal C. , Eberlin Kyle R.
Published: October 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to look for differences in mechanism, radiographic findings, and treatment between mallet fractures of the thumb and mallet fractures of the index through small fingers. Methods: This retrospective study included 24 mallet fractures of the thumb and 392 mallet fractures of other digits. We compared demographics, injury factors (side, dominant hand, time between injury and first visit, and injury mechanism), subluxation, fragment size, treatment, and time from injury to final evaluation between the 2 groups. Results: Mallet fractures of the thumb presented for treatment sooner after injury (2.9 vs 13 days on average), had less fragment displacement (27% vs 33%), and less articular involvement (39% vs 46% on average). None of the mallet fractures of the thumb had radiographic evidence of subluxation, whereas 25% of mallet fractures of other fingers had initial or later subluxation. Conclusions: Mallet fractures of the thumb are not likely to subluxate.
Delivery of Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments by Automated Mobile Phone Text Messaging
Authors: Anthony Christopher A. , Lawler Ericka A. , Glass Natalie A. , McDonald Katelyn , Shah Apurva S.
Published: October 2016

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments allow patients to interpret their health and are integral in evaluating orthopedic treatments and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to define: (1) correlation between PROs collected by automated delivery of text messages on mobile phones compared with paper delivery; and (2) patient use characteristics of a technology platform utilizing automated delivery of text messages on mobile phones. Methods: Paper versions of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and the short form of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) were completed by patients in orthopedic hand and upper extremity clinics. Over the next 48 hours, the same patients also completed the mobile phone portion of the study outside of the clinic which included text message delivery of the SF-12 and QuickDASH, assigned in a random order. Correlations between paper and text message delivery of the 2 PROs were assessed. Results: Among 72 patients, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the written and mobile phone delivery of QuickDASH was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85-0.95). The ICC between the paper and mobile phone delivery of the SF-12 physical health composite score was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79-0.93) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.75-0.92) for the SF-12 mental health composite score. Conclusions: We find that text message delivery using mobile phones permits valid assessment of SF-12 and QuickDASH scores. The findings suggest that software-driven automated delivery of text communication to patients via mobile phones may be a valid method to obtain other PRO scores in orthopedic patients.
Improved complex mode theory and truncation and acceleration of complex mode superposition
Authors: Zhao Yaping , Zhang Yimin
Published: October 2016

The traditional complex mode theory is substantially improved. By means of the conjugacy of the complex characteristic value and vector, the formulae to compute the accuracy solution to the time-domain dynamic response for a symmetrical system with generalized linear viscous damping are established. Based on the formulation constructed, the truncation of the complex mode superposition is investigated. By employing the complex mode expansion of the system flexibility matrix discovered in this work, an accelerating method for the complex mode superposition after truncation is proposed. According to such improved complex mode theory, the system dynamical parameters, for example, the natural frequency and the complex vibration shape, are all the functions with respect to the mass, stiffness, and damping. However, the influence of the damping on the natural frequency may always be relatively slight. The numerical simulating investigation shows that the precise dynamic response can be obtained simply and conveniently in line with the formulae established. Meanwhile, the truncating and accelerating methods are effective for both the narrow or wide band external excitation and can provide the approximate solution to the dynamic response with better precision even when the frequency of the excitation is higher. Under certain conditions, the accelerating approach can be used to boost the accuracy of the truncated response.
Wound healing of critical limb ischemia with tissue loss in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Honda Yohsuke , Hirano Keisuke , Yamawaki Masahiro , Mori Shinsuke , Shirai Shigemitsu , Makino Kenji , Tokuda Takahiro , Takama Takuro , Tsutumi Masakazu , Sakamoto Yasunari , Takimura Hideyuki , Kobayashi Norihiro , Araki Motoharu , Ito Yoshiaki
Published: October 2016

We assessed wound healing in patients on hemodialysis (HD) with critical limb ischemia (CLI). This study enrolled 267 patients (including 120 patients on HD and 147 patients not on HD) who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) for CLI. The primary endpoint was wound-healing rate at two years. Secondary endpoints were time to wound healing, wound recurrence rate, and limb salvage at two years. The percentage of male and young patients was higher in the HD patients ( p < 0.01). A lower patency of the pedal arch after EVT was observed frequently in HD patients ( p < 0.01). The wound-healing rate was significantly lower in HD patients (79.5% vs. 92.4%, p < 0.001). Time to wound healing was significantly longer in HD patients (median 132 days vs. 82 days, p = 0.005). Wound recurrence was observed more frequently in HD patients (25.0% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.007). Limb salvage (72.8% vs. 86.4%, p = 0.002) was significantly lower in HD patients. In a cox proportional hazard model, HD was an independent predictor of wound healing (risk ratio (RR), 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33–0.62; p < 0.001) and wound recurrence (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22; p = 0.01). HD was independently associated with lower and delayed wound healing, and wound recurrence.
The effectiveness of intrapartum ultrasonography in assessing cervical dilatation, head station and position: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wiafe Yaw Amo , Whitehead Bill , Venables Heather , Nakua Emmanuel Kweku
Published: October 2016

The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of intrapartum ultrasonography in measuring cervical dilatation, head station and position. Electronic literature searches were carried out of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Knowledge, plus manual reference list checks of all relevant articles. All published prospective studies comparing intrapartum ultrasonography with digital VE in the determination of cervical dilatation, head station and position were then evaluated for the success rate and level of agreement between ultrasonography and digital VE. Ultrasonography had higher success rate than digital VE in the determination of fetal head position, with a statistically significant difference in the first stage of labour. Second, although the successful determination of cervical dilatation was in favour of digital VE, the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, there was high agreement between ultrasound and digital VE findings on cervical dilatation. Lastly, a significant but moderate correlation between digital VE and ultrasound methods was found in the assessment of fetal head station. However, no meta-analysis could be done for the fetal head station due to the methodological differences between ultrasound anatomical landmarks and that of digital VE. The findings suggest that ultrasonography is superior to digital VE in the assessment of fetal head position, but has moderate correlation with digital VE in the assessment of head station. It also showed high agreement with digital VE in the assessment of cervical dilatation with no statistically significant difference in terms of success rate.
Research ethics by design: A collaborative research design proposal
Authors: Borrett Donald S , Sampson Heather , Cavoukian Ann
Published: October 2016

Privacy by Design, a globally accepted framework for personal data management and privacy protection, advances the view that privacy cannot be assured solely by compliance with regulatory frameworks but must become an organisation’s default mode of operation. We are proposing a similar template for the research ethics review process. The Research Ethics by Design framework involves research ethics committees engaging researchers during the design phase of the proposal so that ethical considerations may be directly embedded in the science as opposed to being viewed as addendums after the fact. This collaborative research design proposal results in the establishment of a culture of ethical research rather than research with ethical oversight. Both researchers and research ethics committees come to view the review process as one in which individual protection and collective benefit co-exist in a doubly-enabling positive-sum manner.
Bone modeling and remodeling: potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Langdahl Bente , Ferrari Serge , Dempster David W.
Published: October 2016

The adult skeleton is renewed by remodeling throughout life. Bone remodeling is a process where osteoclasts and osteoblasts work sequentially in the same bone remodeling unit. After the attainment of peak bone mass, bone remodeling is balanced and bone mass is stable for one or two decades until age-related bone loss begins. Age-related bone loss is caused by increases in resorptive activity and reduced bone formation. The relative importance of cortical remodeling increases with age as cancellous bone is lost and remodeling activity in both compartments increases. Bone modeling describes the process whereby bones are shaped or reshaped by the independent action of osteoblast and osteoclasts. The activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are not necessarily coupled anatomically or temporally. Bone modeling defines skeletal development and growth but continues throughout life. Modeling-based bone formation contributes to the periosteal expansion, just as remodeling-based resorption is responsible for the medullary expansion seen at the long bones with aging. Existing and upcoming treatments affect remodeling as well as modeling. Teriparatide stimulates bone formation, 70% of which is remodeling based and 20–30% is modeling based. The vast majority of modeling represents overflow from remodeling units rather than de novo modeling. Denosumab inhibits bone remodeling but is permissive for modeling at cortex. Odanacatib inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting cathepsin K activity, whereas modeling-based bone formation is stimulated at periosteal surfaces. Inhibition of sclerostin stimulates bone formation and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that bone formation is predominantly modeling based. The bone-mass response to some osteoporosis treatments in humans certainly suggests that nonremodeling mechanisms contribute to this response and bone modeling may be such a mechanism. To date, this has only been demonstrated for teriparatide, however, it is clear that rediscovering a phenomenon that was first observed more half a century ago will have an important impact on our understanding of how new antifracture treatments work.
Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pumps and Hypoglycemia Prevention in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Steineck Isabelle , Ranjan Ajenthen , Nørgaard Kirsten , Schmidt Signe
Published: October 2016

Hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, or death. Insulin pump treatment reduces the frequency of severe hypoglycemia compared with multiple daily injections treatment. The addition of a continuous glucose monitor, so-called sensor-augmented pump (SAP) treatment, has the potential to further limit the duration and severity of hypoglycemia as the system can detect and in some systems act on impending and prevailing low blood glucose levels. In this narrative review we summarize the available knowledge on SAPs with and without automated insulin suspension, in relation to hypoglycemia prevention. We present evidence from randomized trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses including nonpregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We also outline concerns regarding SAPs with and without automated insulin suspension. There is evidence that SAP treatment reduces episodes of moderate and severe hypoglycemia compared with multiple daily injections plus self-monitoring of blood glucose. There is some evidence that SAPs both with and without automated suspension reduces the frequency of severe hypoglycemic events compared with insulin pumps without continuous glucose monitoring.
Isolated unilateral absence of the right pulmonary artery in two cats visualized by computed tomography angiography
Authors: Jordan Tyler JM , Scansen Brian A , Kent Agnieszka M , Hitchcock Lora S , Russell Duncan S
Published: October 2016

Case series summary

Two cats were evaluated for progressive exercise intolerance, dyspnea and unilateral infiltrate of the left lung. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed absence of the right pulmonary artery in both cats with systemic arterial collateral vessels perfusing the right segmental pulmonary arteries. In one case, the collateral vessels arose from the esophageal artery, while in the other case they derived off the right costocervical trunk. One cat was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension and was euthanized owing to progressive respiratory distress despite medical management with sildenafil, pimobendan, clopidogrel and furosemide. The other cat, without echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension, was successfully managed with furosemide and enalapril for more than 4 years.

Relevance and novel information

CTA allowed visualization of a rare congenital heart malformation, unilateral absence of the right pulmonary artery, in two cats and accurately characterized the source of collateral blood supply to the affected lung. Severe pulmonary hypertension may be a negative prognostic factor in cats with this condition as medical therapy in the cat without evidence of pulmonary hypertension resolved clinical signs, while the cat with severe pulmonary hypertension died from the disease.
Occupational Stress: A Comprehensive Review of the Top 50 Annual and Lifetime Cited Articles
Authors: Nowrouzi Behdin , Nguyen Christine , Casole Jennifer , Nowrouzi-Kia Behnam
Published: October 2016

This study determined the impact and influence of published articles on the field of occupational stress. A transdisciplinary approach was used to identify the 50 work-related stress articles with the most lifetime citations and the 50 work-related stress articles with the highest annual citation rates. Studies were categorized based on their primary focus: (a) etiology, (b) predictor of outcome for which occupational stress is the outcome or predictor of outcome for which occupational stress is an independent variable, (c) management/intervention, (d) theory/model/framework, or (e) methodologies. The majority of studies with the highest number of lifetime citations as well as the highest annual citation rates used stress as a predictor or outcome of another factor. The proportion of studies that were categorized by etiology, intervention/management, theory/model/framework, or methodologies was relatively low for both lifetime and annual citations.
Thinking and Feeling
Authors: Scult Matthew A. , Knodt Annchen R. , Swartz Johnna R. , Brigidi Bartholomew D. , Hariri Ahmad R.
Published: October 2016

Calculating math problems from memory may seem unrelated to everyday processing of emotions, but they have more in common than one might think. Prior research highlights the importance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in executive control, intentional emotion regulation, and experience of dysfunctional mood and anxiety. Although it has been hypothesized that emotion regulation may be related to “cold” (i.e., not emotion-related) executive control, this assertion has not been tested. We address this gap by providing evidence that greater dlPFC activity during cold executive control is associated with increased use of cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions in everyday life. We then demonstrate that in the presence of increased life stress, increased dlPFC activity is associated with lower mood and anxiety symptoms and clinical diagnoses. Collectively, our results encourage ongoing efforts to understand prefrontal executive control as a possible intervention target for improving emotion regulation in mood and anxiety disorders.
Directives and Dialogue: Examining the Relationship Between Participative Organizational Communication Practices and Organizational Identification Among IT Workers
Authors: Atouba Yannick C. , Carlson Elizabeth J. , Lammers John C.
Published: October 2016

This study explores how the dialogue—or lack thereof—between employees’ opinions and organization-wide communications relates to employees’ identification with the organization. Using survey data from a sample of 111 IT workers, we performed cross-level tests to explore how employee voice, the perceived adequacy of organization-wide downward communication, and job satisfaction related to employees’ organizational identification. The results of the hierarchical regression and mediation analyses revealed that higher levels of employee voice were associated with higher levels of organizational identification and fully mediated by job satisfaction. Similarly, higher levels of organization-wide communication adequacy were associated with higher levels of organizational identification and partially mediated by job satisfaction. The findings suggest that inclusive and participative organizational communication practices are most likely to foster organizational identification when they are viewed favorably by employees and positively impact their job experiences.