bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Subsets of T Cells, Memory, Effector Functions, and CAR-T Immunotherapy
Authors: Golubovskaya Vita , Wu Lijun
Published: March 2016

This review is focused on different subsets of T cells: CD4 and CD8, memory and effector functions, and their role in CAR-T therapy––a cellular adoptive immunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor. The CAR-T cells recognize tumor antigens and induce cytotoxic activities against tumor cells. Recently, differences in T cell functions and the role of memory and effector T cells were shown to be important in CAR-T cell immunotherapy. The CD4+ subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Treg, and Tfh) and CD8+ memory and effector subsets differ in extra-cellular (CD25, CD45RO, CD45RA, CCR-7, L-Selectin [CD62L], etc.); intracellular markers (FOXP3); epigenetic and genetic programs; and metabolic pathways (catabolic or anabolic); and these differences can be modulated to improve CAR-T therapy. In addition, CD4+ Treg cells suppress the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy, and different approaches to overcome this suppression are discussed in this review. Thus, next-generation CAR-T immunotherapy can be improved, based on our knowledge of T cell subsets functions, differentiation, proliferation, and signaling pathways to generate more active CAR-T cells against tumors.
Asymmetrical Fault Correction for the Sensitive Loads Using a Current Regulated Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Bukhari Syed , Atiq Shahid , Lipo Thomas , Kwon Byung-il
Published: March 2016

Numerous industrial applications involve loads that are very sensitive to electrical supply instabilities. These instances involve various types of voltage imbalances as well as more serious disturbances such as symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. This paper proposes a cost-effective voltage imbalance and asymmetrical fault correction solution for the three phase sensitive loads utilizing an industry-standard current regulated voltage source inverter by connecting it in parallel to the grid mains powering to the sensitive load. The inverter regulates the current for the load and never permits it to go beyond a prescribed value under any type of asymmetrical fault condition, which ensures high power regulating and conditioning capacities. Experimental results are obtained from a small laboratory size prototype to validate the operation of the proposed technique.
Forest Management Challenges for Sustaining Water Resources in the Anthropocene
Authors: Sun Ge , Vose James
Published: March 2016

The Earth has entered the Anthropocene epoch that is dominated by humans who demand unprecedented quantities of goods and services from forests. The science of forest hydrology and watershed management generated during the past century provides a basic understanding of relationships among forests and water and offers management principles that maximize the benefits of forests for people while sustaining watershed ecosystems. However, the rapid pace of changes in climate, disturbance regimes, invasive species, human population growth, and land use expected in the 21st century is likely to create substantial challenges for watershed management that may require new approaches, models, and best management practices. These challenges are likely to be complex and large scale, involving a combination of direct and indirect biophysical watershed responses, as well as socioeconomic impacts and feedbacks. We discuss the complex relationships between forests and water in a rapidly changing environment, examine the trade-offs and conflicts between water and other resources, and propose new management approaches for sustaining water resources in the Anthropocene.
Statistical Analysis of Mineral Concentration for the Geographic Identification of Garlic Samples from Sicily (Italy), Tunisia and Spain
Authors: Vadalà Rossella , Mottese Antonio , Bua Giuseppe , Salvo Andrea , Mallamace Domenico , Corsaro Carmelo , Vasi Sebastiano , Giofrè Salvatore , Alfa Maria , Cicero Nicola , Dugo Giacomo
Published: March 2016

We performed a statistical analysis of the concentration of mineral elements, by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in different varieties of garlic from Spain, Tunisia, and Italy. Nubia Red Garlic (Sicily) is one of the most known Italian varieties that belongs to traditional Italian food products (P.A.T.) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry. The obtained results suggest that the concentrations of the considered elements may serve as geographical indicators for the discrimination of the origin of the different samples. In particular, we found a relatively high content of Selenium in the garlic variety known as Nubia red garlic, and, indeed, it could be used as an anticarcinogenic agent.
A Conceptual Framework for Assessment of Governance Performance of Lake Basins: Towards Transformation to Adaptive and Integrative Governance
Authors: Cookey Peter , Darnsawasdi Rotchanatch , Ratanachai Chatchai
Published: March 2016

Governance is essential to lake basin management, but it is the most challenged and needs increased attention. Lake Basin Governance performance assessment is designed to measure the progress and impacts of policies, institutions and the roles of various actors in ensuring sustainability. It measures the performance of technical/operational, social/networks, and institutional arrangement that make up the socio-ecological system. Governance performance assessment becomes very necessary with over-emphasis of institutions on resources utilization and exploitation. The purpose of this paper is to present a governance performance assessment framework specifically for lake basins. The Adaptive Integrated Lake Basin Management (AILBM) framework is a diagnostic and prescriptive performance assessment tool with an outcome to produce an adaptive and integrative system with equity, inclusiveness, transparency, accountability and flexibility to problem-solving and resilience. A case study on water governance performance assessment of the Songkhla Lake Basin (SLB) in Thailand is provided for illustration and application and indicated a poor performance rating on governance in the Basin, revealing gaps, defects, strengths and weaknesses in the current system, necessary to recommend future improvements.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Selective Alpha-Blockers in the Treatment of Children with Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction—Preliminary Findings
Authors: Kroll Paweł , Gajewska Ewa , Zachwieja Jacek , Sobieska Magdalena , Mańkowski Przemysław
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of selective α1-blockers in children with neurogenic urinary tract dysfunctions and increased leak point pressure (LPP). 14 children from age 6 to 16 years with neurogenic urinary tract dysfunctions (neurogenic bladder) and LPP > 40 cm H2O were enrolled in the study. All patients received a selective α1-blocker (doxazosin) for 6–8 weeks with an initial dosage of 0.03 mg/kg. During the observation period the continuation of oral anticholinergics, Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC), observation of “urinary dryness” and urinary incontinence periods were recommended. Patients were scheduled for a follow-up visit and urodynamic investigation after 6–8 weeks after the doxazosin therapy was started. In 4 patients, urine leakage occurred at lower pressures; in 9 patients, no significant changes in urine leak point pressures were detected; in 3 patients, there was a significant increase in the bladder capacity; in one patient, deterioration in continence was noted. The differences both in LPP and LPV before and after the treatment were not statistically significant. Our observations are consistent with the conclusions from other studies and showed no evident efficacy of doxazosin in children with neurogenic bladder.
Expression and Sequence Variants of Inflammatory Genes; Effects on Plasma Inflammation Biomarkers Following a 6-Week Supplementation with Fish Oil
Authors: Cormier Hubert , Rudkowska Iwona , Lemieux Simone , Couture Patrick , Vohl Marie-Claude
Published: March 2016

(1) Background: A growing body of literature suggest that polymorphisms (SNPs) from inflammation-related genes could possibly play a role in cytokine production and then interact with dietary n-3 fatty acids (FAs) to modulate inflammation. The aim of the present study was to test whether gene expression of selected inflammatory genes was altered following an n-3 PUFA supplementation and to test for gene–diet interactions modulating plasma inflammatory biomarker levels. (2) Methods: 191 subjects completed a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation with 5 g/day of fish oil. Gene expression of TNF-α and IL6 was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the TaqMan technology. Genotyping of 20 SNPs from the TNF-LTA gene cluster, IL1β, IL6 and CRP genes was performed. (3) Results: There was no significant reduction of plasma IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after the 6-week fish oil supplementation. TNF-α and IL6 were slightly overexpressed in PBMCs after the supplementation (fold changes of 1.05 ± 0.38 and 1.18 ± 0.49, respectively (n = 191)), but relative quantification (RQ) within the −0.5 to 2.0 fold are considered as nonbiologically significant. In a MIXED model for repeated measures adjusted for the effects of age, sex and BMI, gene by supplementation interaction effects were observed for rs1143627, rs16944, rs1800797, and rs2069840 on IL6 levels, for rs2229094 on TNF-α levels and for rs1800629 on CRP levels (p < 0.05 for all). (4) Conclusions: This study shows that a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation with 5 g/day of fish oil did not alter gene expression levels of TNF-α and IL6 in PBMCs and did not have an impact on inflammatory biomarker levels. However, gene–diet interactions were observed between SNPs within inflammation-related genes modulating plasma inflammatory biomarker levels.
Neonatal Screening for Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency—Alternative Approaches
Authors: Pollitt Rodney
Published: March 2016

The challenges inherent in many newborn screening programmes for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency could be overcome by better use of the available second-line tests. Application of “next generation” technologies could minimize many of the problems generated by the current approach to genetic analysis. (Comment on Maier EM. Int. J. Neonatal Screen. 2015, 1, 79–88)
Influence of 4,4’-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) in Transmission and Reflection Gratings Stored in a PVA/AA Photopolymer
Authors: Fernandez Elena , Fuentes Rosa , Belendez Augusto , Pascual Inmaculada
Published: March 2016

Holographic transmission gratings with a spatial frequency of 2658 lines/mm and reflection gratings with a spatial frequency of 4553 lines/mm were stored in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/acrylamide (AA) based photopolymer. This material can reach diffraction efficiencies close to 100% for spatial frequencies about 1000 lines/mm. However, for higher spatial frequencies, the diffraction efficiency decreases considerably as the spatial frequency increases. To enhance the material response at high spatial frequencies, a chain transfer agent, the 4,4’-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid), ACPA, is added to the composition of the material. Different concentrations of ACPA are incorporated into the main composition of the photopolymer to find the concentration value that provides the highest diffraction efficiency. Moreover, the refractive index modulation and the optical thickness of the transmission and reflection gratings were obtained, evaluated and compared to procure more information about the influence of the ACPA on them.
Blazed Gratings Recorded in Absorbent Photopolymers
Authors: Fernández Roberto , Gallego Sergi , Márquez Andrés , Navarro-Fuster Víctor , Beléndez Augusto
Published: March 2016

Phase diffractive optical elements, which have many interesting applications, are usually fabricated using a photoresist. In this paper, they were made using a hybrid optic-digital system and a photopolymer as recording medium. We analyzed the characteristics of the input and recording light and then simulated the generation of blazed gratings with different spatial periods in different types of photopolymers using a diffusion model. Finally, we analyzed the output and diffraction efficiencies of the 0 and 1st order so as to compare the simulated values with those measured experimentally. We evaluated the effects of index matching in a standard PVA/AA photopolymer, and in a variation of Biophotopol, a more biocompatible photopolymer. Diffraction efficiencies near 70%, for a wavelength of 633 nm, were achieved for periods longer than 300 µm in this kind of materials.
Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wysocki Bartłomiej , Idaszek Joanna , Szlązak Karol , Strzelczyk Karolina , Brynk Tomasz , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof , Święszkowski Wojciech
Published: March 2016

Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemical polishing with various acid baths on novel scaffolds’ morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. In the first stage, Magics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a porous scaffolds with pore size equal to (A) 200 µm, (B) 500 µm and (C) 200 + 500 µm, and diamond cell structure. The scaffolds were fabricated from commercially pure titanium powder (CP Ti) using a SLM50 3D printing machine (Realizer GmbH, Borchen, Germany). The selective laser melting (SLM) process was optimized and the laser beam energy density in range of 91–151 J/mm3 was applied to receive 3D structures with fully dense struts. To remove not fully melted titanium particles the scaffolds were chemically polished using various HF and HF-HNO3 acid solutions. Based on scaffolds mass loss and scanning electron (SEM) observations, baths which provided most uniform surface cleaning were proposed for each porosity. The pore and strut size after chemical treatments was calculated based on the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and SEM images. The mechanical tests showed that the treated scaffolds had Young’s modulus close to that of compact bone. Additionally, the effect of pore size of chemically polished scaffolds on cell retention, proliferation and differentiation was studied using human mesenchymal stem cells. Small pores yielded higher cell retention within the scaffolds, which then affected their growth. This shows that in vitro cell performance can be controlled to certain extent by varying pore sizes.
Research on the Grain Boundary Liquation Mechanism in Heat Affected Zones of Laser Forming Repaired K465 Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Li Qiuge , Lin Xin , Wang Xinghua , Yang Haiou , Song Menghua , Huang Weidong
Published: March 2016

The damaged K465 nickel-based superalloy parts were repaired by laser forming repair technology. The cracking characteristics and grain boundary liquation in heat affected zones were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the cracks originated from the heat-affected zone and extended to the repaired zone. The calculation by Thermol-Cale software showed that the larger γ′ particles at grain boundaries partly dissolved in the γ phase, which made the solutes’ concentration at the γ′/γ interface meet the eutectic-type liquation reaction condition of γ + γ′ → L. Then, grain boundaries liquation occurred and liquid films appeared with the temperature increasing in a rapid heating process. However, the intragranular γ′ phase completely dissolved into the γ phase with no devotion to the liquid film. The dissolution of M5B3 borides at grain boundaries could promote grain boundary liquation.
Fish Oil-Based Fat Emulsion Reduces Acute Kidney Injury and Inflammatory Response in Antibiotic-Treated Polymicrobial Septic Mice
Authors: Shih Juey-Ming , Shih Yao-Ming , Pai Man-Hui , Hou Yu-Chen , Yeh Chiu-Li , Yeh Sung-Ling
Published: March 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in sepsis. This study compared the effects of a fish oil-based with a mixed oil fat emulsion on remote renal injury in an antibiotic-treated septic murine model. Mice were randomly assigned to a normal control (NC) group and three septic groups. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The antibiotic was injected intraperitoneally (IP) after CLP and then daily till the time of sacrifice. Three hours after antibiotic treatment, one of the septic groups was injected IP with a fish oil-based emulsion (FO), while the other two groups were given either a mixed oil emulsion (MO) or saline (SC). The septic groups were further divided into two separate time groups, with blood and kidneys samples collected at 24 h or 72 h post-CLP. The results showed that sepsis leads to the activation of neutrophils, T helper (Th)1/Th-2/Th-17 and Treg cells (p < 0.05). Plasma NGAL and mRNA expressions of renal MyD88 and TLR4 were also enhanced (p < 0.05). Compared to the SC group, the group given the fish oil-based emulsion had decreased plasma NGAL by 22% and Treg by 33%. Furthermore, renal gene expressions of MyD88 and TLR4 reduced by 46% and 62%, respectively, whereas heat shock protein 70 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ increased by 158% and 69%, respectively (p < 0.05), at Day 3 after CLP. These results suggest that administration of a fish oil-based emulsion has favorable effects, maintaining blood T cell percentage, downregulating Treg expression, attenuating systemic and local inflammation and offering renal protection under conditions of antibiotic-treated polymicrobial sepsis.
The Effect of the Traditional Mediterranean-Style Diet on Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Garcia Marissa , Bihuniak Jessica , Shook Julia , Kenny Anne , Kerstetter Jane , Huedo-Medina Tania
Published: March 2016

The Mediterranean-style diet (MedSD) has gained attention for its positive effects on health outcomes, including metabolic risk factors. However, it is unknown as to which components of MedSD interventions are most beneficial in reducing risk. The objective of this meta-analysis was to obtain effect sizes for metabolic risk factors and explain the variability across the current literature based on study design, sample, and diet characteristics. Six electronic databases were searched from inception until 9 February 2016. Data from 29 studies (N = 4133) were included. There were significant effects in favor of the MedSD for waist circumference, triglycerides, blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (d+ = −0.54; d+ = −0.46; d+ = −0.50; d+ = −0.72; d+ = −0.94, respectively). The MedSD was significantly beneficial when the intervention was longer in duration, was conducted in Europe, used a behavioral technique, and was conducted using small groups. The traditional MedSD had significant beneficial effects on five of the six metabolic risk factors. Results from this study provide support for population specific dietary guideline for metabolic risk reduction.
Adhesive Pili in UTI Pathogenesis and Drug Development
Authors: Spaulding Caitlin , Hultgren Scott
Published: March 2016

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting 150 million people each year worldwide. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens are making it imperative to develop alternative strategies for the treatment and prevention of this common infection. In this Review, we discuss how understanding the: (i) molecular and biophysical basis of host-pathogen interactions; (ii) consequences of the molecular cross-talk at the host pathogen interface in terms of disease progression; and (iii) pathophysiology of UTIs is leading to efforts to translate this knowledge into novel therapeutics to treat and prevent these infections.
A Symmetric Sparse Representation Based Band Selection Method for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Jiang Man , Li Weiyue , Liu Yinnian
Published: March 2016

A novel Symmetric Sparse Representation (SSR) method has been presented to solve the band selection problem in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) classification. The method assumes that the selected bands and the original HSI bands are sparsely represented by each other, i.e., symmetrically represented. The method formulates band selection into a famous problem of archetypal analysis and selects the representative bands by finding the archetypes in the minimal convex hull containing the HSI band points (i.e., one band corresponds to a band point in the high-dimensional feature space). Without any other parameter tuning work except the size of band subset, the SSR optimizes the band selection program using the block-coordinate descent scheme. Four state-of-the-art methods are utilized to make comparisons with the SSR on the Indian Pines and PaviaU HSI datasets. Experimental results illustrate that SSR outperforms all four methods in classification accuracies (i.e., Average Classification Accuracy (ACA) and Overall Classification Accuracy (OCA)) and three quantitative evaluation results (i.e., Average Information Entropy (AIE), Average Correlation Coefficient (ACC) and Average Relative Entropy (ARE)), whereas it takes the second shortest computational time. Therefore, the proposed SSR is a good alternative method for band selection of HSI classification in realistic applications.
A Stochastic Geometry Method for Pylon Reconstruction from Airborne LiDAR Data
Authors: Guo Bo , Huang Xianfeng , Li Qingquan , Zhang Fan , Zhu Jiasong , Wang Chisheng
Published: March 2016

Object detection and reconstruction from remotely sensed data are active research topic in photogrammetric and remote sensing communities. Power engineering device monitoring by detecting key objects is important for power safety. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for the reconstruction of self-supporting pylons widely used in high voltage power-line systems from airborne LiDAR data. Our work constructs pylons from a library of 3D parametric models, which are represented using polyhedrons based on stochastic geometry. Firstly, laser points of pylons are extracted from the dataset using an automatic classification method. An energy function made up of two terms is then defined: the first term measures the adequacy of the objects with respect to the data, and the second term has the ability to favor or penalize certain configurations based on prior knowledge. Finally, estimation is undertaken by minimizing the energy using simulated annealing. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler, leading to an optimal configuration of objects. Two main contributions of this paper are: (1) building a framework for automatic pylon reconstruction; and (2) efficient global optimization. The pylons can be precisely reconstructed through energy optimization. Experiments producing convincing results validated the proposed method using a dataset of complex structure.
Application of the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager to Mapping the Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of Surface Suspended Matter in a Macro-Tidal Estuary
Authors: Cheng Zhixin , Wang Xiao , Paull David , Gao Jianhua
Published: March 2016

Total suspended particulate matter (TSM) in estuarine and coastal regions usually exhibits significant natural variations. The understanding of such variations is of great significance in coastal waters. The aim of this study is to investigate and assess the diurnal and seasonal variations of surface TSM distribution and its mechanisms in coastal waters based on Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data. As a case study, dynamic variations of TSM in the macro-tidal Yalu River estuary (YRE) of China were analysed. With regard to diurnal variability, there were usually two peaks of TSM in a tidal cycle corresponding to the maximum flood and ebb current. Tidal action appears to play a vital role in diurnal variations of TSM. Both the processes of tidal re-suspension and advection could be identified; however, the diurnal variation of TSM was mainly affected by a re-suspension process. In addition, spring-neap tides can affect the magnitude of TSM diurnal variations in the YRE. The GOCI-retrieved TSM results clearly showed the seasonal variability of surface TSM in this area, with the highest level occurring in winter and the lowest in summer. Moreover, although river discharge to the YRE was much greater in the wet season than the dry season, TSM concentrations were significantly higher in the dry season. Wind waves were considered to be the main factor affecting TSM seasonal variation in the YRE.
Particle Filter with Novel Nonlinear Error Model for Miniature Gyroscope-Based Measurement While Drilling Navigation
Authors: Li Tao , Yuan Gannan , Li Wang
Published: March 2016

The derivation of a conventional error model for the miniature gyroscope-based measurement while drilling (MGWD) system is based on the assumption that the errors of attitude are small enough so that the direction cosine matrix (DCM) can be approximated or simplified by the errors of small-angle attitude. However, the simplification of the DCM would introduce errors to the navigation solutions of the MGWD system if the initial alignment cannot provide precise attitude, especially for the low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors operated in harsh multilateral horizontal downhole drilling environments. This paper proposes a novel nonlinear error model (NNEM) by the introduction of the error of DCM, and the NNEM can reduce the propagated errors under large-angle attitude error conditions. The zero velocity and zero position are the reference points and the innovations in the states estimation of particle filter (PF) and Kalman filter (KF). The experimental results illustrate that the performance of PF is better than KF and the PF with NNEM can effectively restrain the errors of system states, especially for the azimuth, velocity, and height in the quasi-stationary condition.
A Novel Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-BSA Film for the Construction of a Durable HRP Biosensor Modified with NanoAu Particles
Authors: Xu Fangcheng , Ren Shuaibin , Gu Yesong
Published: March 2016

In this study, we have investigated the contribution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the durability of the electrochemically synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film on a platinum (Pt) electrode. The electrode was capable to effectively adsorb the nano Au particles (AuNPs) to form a uniform layout, which was then able to immobilize the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to construct a functional HRP/AuNPs/PEDOT(BSA)/Pt biosensor. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to evaluate the performance of the biosensor through the measurement of hydrogen peroxide. Our results revealed a satisfied linear correlation between the cathodic current and the concentration of H2O2. Furthermore, the addition of oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD+, as the electron transfer mediator in the detection solution could dramatically enhance the sensitivity of detection by about 35.5%. The main advantages of the current biosensor are its durability, sensitivity, reliability, and biocompatibility.
THE DENSE MATTER EQUATION OF STATE FROM NEUTRON STAR RADIUS AND MASS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios , Güver Tolga , Baym Gordon , Heinke Craig , Guillot Sebastien
Published: March 2016

We present a comprehensive study of spectroscopic radius measurements of twelve neutron stars obtained during thermonuclear bursts or in quiescence. We incorporate, for the first time, a large number of systematic uncertainties in the measurement of the apparent angular sizes, Eddington fluxes, and distances, in the composition of the interstellar medium, and in the flux calibration of X-ray detectors. We also take into account the results of recent theoretical calculations of rotational effects on neutron star radii, of atmospheric effects on surface spectra, and of relativistic corrections to the Eddington critical flux. We employ Bayesian statistical frameworks to obtain neutron star radii from the spectroscopic measurements as well as to infer the equation of state from the radius measurements. Combining these with the results of experiments in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density and the observations of

neutron stars, we place strong and quantitative constraints on the properties of the equation of state between

times the nuclear saturation density. We find that around

the preferred equation of state predicts radii between 10.1 and 11.1 km. When interpreting the pressure constraints in the context of high density equations of state based on interacting nucleons, our results suggest a relatively weak contribution of the three-body interaction potential.
COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FROM CMB MAPS WITHOUT LIKELIHOOD APPROXIMATION
Authors: Racine B. , Jewell J. B. , Eriksen H. K. , Wehus I. K.
Published: March 2016

We propose an efficient Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for estimating cosmological parameters from cosmic microwave background (CMB) data without the use of likelihood approximations. It builds on a previously developed Gibbs sampling framework that allows for exploration of the joint CMB sky signal and power spectrum posterior,

, and addresses a long-standing problem of efficient parameter estimation simultaneously in regimes of high and low signal-to-noise ratio. To achieve this, our new algorithm introduces a joint Markov chain move in which both the signal map and power spectrum are synchronously modified, by rescaling the map according to the proposed power spectrum before evaluating the Metropolis–Hastings accept probability. Such a move was already introduced by Jewell et al., who used it to explore low signal-to-noise posteriors. However, they also found that the same algorithm is inefficient in the high signal-to-noise regime, since a brute-force rescaling operation does not account for phase information. This problem is mitigated in the new algorithm by subtracting the Wiener filter mean field from the proposed map prior to rescaling, leaving high signal-to-noise information invariant in the joint step, and effectively only rescaling the low signal-to-noise component. To explore the full posterior, the new joint move is then interleaved with a standard conditional Gibbs move for the sky map. We apply our new algorithm to simplified simulations for which we can evaluate the exact posterior to study both its accuracy and its performance, and find good agreement with the exact posterior; marginal means agree to ≲0.006σ and standard deviations to better than ∼3%. The Markov chain correlation length is of the same order of magnitude as those obtained by other standard samplers in the field.
Les Objectifs de développement durable, nouveau « palais de cristal » ?
Authors: Egil François
Published: March 2016

Les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) doivent contribuer à l’extension mondiale du gouvernement par les indicateurs et par les normes. Ils renforcent l’État dans sa fonction de supervision, tout en le réduisant à un intervenant comme un autre dans leur mise en œuvre. Comme les Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), ils sont imprégnés d’une foi positiviste dans le progrès et marqués par un évitement du politique. Ils tentent de mieux prendre en compte les priorités du Sud et sont désormais fixés au niveau national, pour être plus acceptables. Au total, ils peuvent s’analyser comme la difficile recherche d’un œcuménisme néolibéral.
Are fan fiction and mythology really the same?
Authors: Keen Tony
Published: March 2016

This short piece addresses some of the assumptions about the connections between Greek and Roman mythology and fan fiction that underlie this special issue of Transformative Works and Cultures, arguing that the connections are not always as simple as they are sometimes made out to be.
Le rôle des prépositions : le cas de FOR
Authors: Rapatel Philippe
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of prepositions. This role, at first, is to introduce a subordinate element and to determine its syntactic function. The subordinate element is the prepositional phrase but, since everybody does not agree on that term, confusions result from this terminology issue. The complement to the preposition has, as its function, to be the locator of the element it is related to via the preposition. Anchoring is an essential operation in this relation.Preposition FOR plays a felicitous part in this matter since it fills in the interval pointed to by its presence between the locator and the located term. We will see to what extent the function of FOR can be applied to all the utterances where it appears as a preposition.
L’assertion en discours réfléchi tell oneself versus say to oneself
Authors: Oriez Sandrine
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of two phrases: say to oneself / tell oneself. After presenting the results of a corpus study of these phrases, we shall explore the distinction that can be made in the types of speech they introduce. We will attempt to show that tell oneself is used when the content of the reported speech seems doubtful and thus expresses a point of view while say to oneself seems more objective.
Y a-t-il analogie entre les opérations sous-jacentes aux constructions V ØNs et VPA ?
Authors: Dufossé-Sournin Sophie
Published: March 2016

The question here is to know whether the structure V ØNs (he was taking Ønotes) corresponds with the traditional scheme V + C1 or whether it can be compared with a phrasal verb (go up). Such a problem means calculating the constitutive properties of N and V from an enunciative point of view, studying minimal pairs of dependent elements and their influence on each other. A detailed analysis will show many similarities between V ØNs and VPA and its limitations as well.
Les doubles modaux anglais, témoins d’un changement de catégorie
Authors: Larroque Patrice
Published: March 2016

Current English varieties have a class of modal verbs which are syntactically and morphologically irregular. In Standard English these verbs do not have a third person -s present tense inflection, an -ing form, a past participle; they do not permit a direct object and are not followed by another modal verb.While a double modal construction was possible in Early Modern English and is still found in some regional non-standard varieties in the southern states of America, the north of England (in the Midlands), and Scotland, it is no longer in use in Standard English.Although such structures as I might could be able to visit ..., I’d might just let you know, She shouldn’t ought to be there, We’ll shall go, erm, go to the market, are now accounted mistakes, they are nonetheless diachronically and synchronically interesting. Historically, English has, between the 16th and the 19th century, undergone a category change and innovated a new class of verbs. From a synchronic point of view, double modal constructions may bring out, among other things, the root and the epistemic readings of a modal.The study, therefore, confronts the modal system in the English grammar, past and present, with current double modal constructions in an attempt to account for the grammaticalness of the latter.
Du discours rapporté mimétique aux formes intrinsèquement hybrides
Authors: Mattia-Viviès Monique de
Published: March 2016

Reported speech is made up of several canonic forms. But these forms are porous and sometimes not clearly compartmentalized. This leads to a form of hybridity, and creates what we propose to call mimetic reported speech, a feature characterised by the presence of elements which come from the original utterance or which belong to other forms of reported speech. This paper will then examine whether mimetic reported speech constitutes a new form of reported speech, or if it is only a variant of the canonic form. A distinction will then be made between mimetic reported speech and intrinsically hybrid forms of reported speech, which result from the combination or mixture of two or several forms of reported speech. The aim of this article is thus to distinguish between these two formal configurations in order to clarify the theoretical status of each form.
Unmanned Vehicle Path Optimization Based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Xie Zhen , Zhong Zhao Wei
Published: March 2016

Recently, unmanned vehicle (UV) research has increased its popularity around the globe not only for military applications but also for civilian uses. For military fields, UVs can enhance homeland defense, carry out coast and air surveillance, counter terrorists and most importantly, reduce harm to the manned force when certain mission may contain threat. As a consequence, UVs become an inevitable part of the Navy Force and extend the Navy mission handling capabilities. When it comes to research, UVs can be used to observe the climate, deliver goods, perform undersea testing, etc. But the open environment is dynamic, unforeseen and fast changing. Thus, a UV which has the ability to choose the optimal path autonomously based on the current situation not only can increase the efficiency of the UV, but also can save costs and time for the users. As a result, increasing the autonomy of the UV has attracted the attention of many researchersin recent years. Our research is based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation model. We develop a simulation model architecture so as to realize collision free path planning and path optimization of an unmanned vehicle.
Evaluation of Permeability Changes in a Carbonate Rock under Carbonate Water Flow
Authors: Yuji Yasuda Eric , Tomie Koroishi Erika , Vidal Trevisan Osvair , José Bonet Euclides
Published: March 2016

Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in reservoirs promotes reactions which depend on rock nature, brine composition, partial pressure of CO2, reservoir temperature and pressure among other conditions. The reactions may cause changes in the petrophysics properties, including porosity and permeability, that are important parameters to the fluid flow. The present study focus on the effects of carbonated brine injection in carbonate rocks similar to pre salt reservoirs. The effects are evaluated through the changes of the rock absolute permeability provoked by the acidic action of the injected fluid. Experiments were designed to detail permeability changes along the length of a long carbonate core using using a coreholder equipped with multiple pressure taps. The experiments were conducted in dynamic regime, at the temperature of 22°C and at the mean pressure of 2,000 psi, at flow rates of 0.5; 1 and 2 cc/min. The results show significant permeability alterations at the different segments of the sample, which are also highly dependent on the injection rate.
Production, Injection and Flow of Petroleum with High Levels of CO2: Operational and Flow Assurance Aspects
Authors: Andreolli Ivanilto , de Arruda Bernardo Luciene
Published: March 2016

Petroleum production always comes accompanied by some contaminants, including CO2. Recent pre-salt exploration in Brazil indicates significant carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration levels. Whereas in post-salt areas a ratio of 1 to 2% in CO2 concentration was observed, in the pre-salt area this molar ratio increased to 15 to 20% in relation to the gas phase, and were even higher in some cases. Several challenges have emerged in the production, treatment and disposal of oil with such high levels of CO2. The aim of this study is to show the management of CO2 in a pre-salt producing platform whose CO2 content is about 18% molar in the gas phase. The focus is on the operational aspects of daily production, where theoretical analyses are compared with the data observed in the field. Scenarios of production, injection, treatment and export are presented with emphasis on the aspects of flow assurance, the characterization of fluids, the integration of the injection-production-export system, and the dilution of CO2.
Gαi2 and Gαi3 Differentially Regulate Arrest from Flow and Chemotaxis in Mouse Neutrophils
Authors: Kuwano Yoshihiro , Adler Micha , Zhang Hong , Groisman Alex , Ley Klaus
Published: March 2016

Leukocyte recruitment to inflammation sites progresses in a multistep cascade. Chemokines regulate multiple steps of the cascade, including arrest, transmigration, and chemotaxis. The most important chemokine receptor in mouse neutrophils is CXCR2, which couples through Gαi2- and Gαi3-containing heterotrimeric G proteins. Neutrophils arrest in response to CXCR2 stimulation. This is defective in Gαi2-deficient neutrophils. In this study, we show that Gαi3-deficient neutrophils showed reduced transmigration but normal arrest in mice. We also tested Gαi2- or Gαi3-deficient neutrophils in a CXCL1 gradient generated by a microfluidic device. Gαi3-, but not Gαi2-, deficient neutrophils showed significantly reduced migration and directionality. This was confirmed in a model of sterile inflammation in vivo. Gαi2-, but not Gαi3-, deficient neutrophils showed decreased Ca2+ flux in response to CXCR2 stimulation. Conversely, Gαi3-, but not Gαi2-, deficient neutrophils exhibited reduced AKT phosphorylation upon CXCR2 stimulation. We conclude that Gαi2 controls arrest and Gαi3 controls transmigration and chemotaxis in response to chemokine stimulation of neutrophils.
Sulphur in archean volcanic rocks of the Canadian shield
Authors: Cameron E M
Published: March 2016

A total of 1098 samples of Archean volcanic rocks from four localities in the Canadian Shield have been analyzed for sulphur. Two of these areas - Noranda, Quebec and High Lake, Northwest Territories - contain massive sulphide deposits of copper and zinc. The
other two localities - Yellowknife and Indin Lake, Northwest Territories - are not known to contain massive sulphides, but do contain gold deposits. The samples have been classified into basic, intermediate or acidic groups on the basis of their chemically-determined silica contents. The frequency
distributions of sulphur in these rocks are approximately lognormal. The distribution curves of the samples of basic rocks from Noranda, from Yellowknife, and from Indin Lake are similar and the average sulphur contents of these three groups are close to the limit of solubility of sulphur in
basaltic melts of ~0.1% The sulphur contained in the original melt has probably been largely retained in the lavas as a result of rapid submarine quenching. The cumulative frequency distribution curves for acidic rocks from Yellowknife and lndin Lake are parallel to those for basic rocks
from the same areas, but at much lower sulphur levels. Curves for intermediate rocks lie midway between the basic and acidic groups. The lower sulphur content of the more siliceous volcanic rocks may, in part, be caused by lower sulphur solubility in silica-rich melts. The major cause is, however,
likely to be loss of sulphur by degassing, for many of the more silicic volcanic sequences contain a high proportion of pyroclastic rocks. For the Noranda and High Lake samples the right-hand side of the frequency distributions are skewed to higher sulphur levels. This effect is greater for acidic
than for basic samples. The net result is that for these two areas, it is the acidic groups that contain more sulphur than the basic samples. This finding is in accord with the long known association of massive sulphide deposits with silicic volcanic rocks. It is caused by the introduction of
sulphides into nearby volcanic rocks during the formation of massive sulphide deposits. The sulphur content of Archean volcanic rocks may provide some basis for distinguishing mineralized from barren sequences. It is by no means certain, however, that such methods are more practical than surficial
geochemical methods or lithogeochemical techniques based on major element changes around massive s ulphide deposits.
Jurassic and (F) Triassic Rocks of the eastern Slope of Richardson Mountains, northwestern District of Mackenzie 106m and 107b
Authors: Jeletzky J A
Published: March 2016

The area is characterized by thin and incomplete development of the Jurassic System, which is largely represented by shallow-water, marine to non-marine (?)elastics (sandstones and more or less sandy siltstones with greater or lesser interbeds of coarser
elastics). Within the area the Jurassic shallow-water sandstones and siltstones gradually become replaced laterally by the neritic to(?) non-marine sandstones, grits, and conglomerates toward the south. Westward the shallow-water facies is replaced by the deep-water, predominantly pure shales and
various siltstones. The same probably happens at the northern end of the range. The thicknesses of all Jurassic isochronous units increase markedly westward and (?)northward . The southern shoreline of the Jurassic sea must have been situated closely south of Vittrekwa River basin because of the
observed facies changes and apparently complete absence of marine Jurassic rocks south therefrom. The predominantly sandy lower part of the Jurassic System north of Vittrekwa River basin is named Bug Creek Formation. The presence of a pronounced disconformity within this formation and the apparently
erosionally-caused absence of its lower Jurassic part in the Rat River area indicate the flexing and uplift of the Aklavik arch at that time. The predominantly silty to shaly upper part of the Jurassic System of the same area is named Husky Formation which also includes basal Cretaceous rocks. The
Bug Creek Formation thins out on Stony Creek and at Teeweechee Mountain and presumably wedges out completely south of these localities. The Husky Formation becomes laterally replaced by the predominantly coarse elastics named North Branch Formation, between Stony Creek and the North Branch of
Vittrekwa River. The North Branch Formation is underlain by the undated, (?)Palaeozoic to ( ?) Jurassic shale unit. The Triassic (? ) rocks were only found in the Rat River Gorge and adjacent parts of Aklavik Range. Their upper part is referred to as the Coaly shale division. This unit is underlain
by pebble -conglomerates and coarse, pebbly sandstones with interbeds of finer-grained elastics, named the Brat Creek Formation which disconformably overlie early Permian sandstones and siltstones in at least one section. The palynological data suggest Triassic age in preference to the also possible
Permian (late Permian only?) age. A number of important sections measured by the writer and others is appended to the report.
The Ferro-manganese pavement on San Pablo Seamount
Authors: Aumento F , Lawrence D E , Plant A G
Published: March 2016

A well bedded ferro0maganese pavement overlies the slopes of San Pablo Seamount. Results from chemixa, X-ray, electron microscope and electron microprobe analyses of the pavement are compared with data from other known ferro-maganes
deposits.
Descriptions of Devonian sections in northern Yukon Territory and northwestern District of Mackenzie
Authors: Norris A W
Published: March 2016

Twenty-two Devonian sections measured by members of Operation Porcupine in 1962 are described, providing additional data to a preceding report on the Devonian stratigraphy of the northern Yukon Territory and adjacent area.
Caribou River ma -area, Manitoba
Authors: Davison W L
Published: March 2016

Caribou River area lies northwest of Churchill, on the west side of Hudson Bay. Mapping was done by helicopter, with flight-lines spaced at 4-mile intervals. Bedrock is entirely Precambrian, and is characteristic of the Churchill Structural Province of the
Canadian Shield. The oldest rocks are granitic and metasedimentary hypersthene-bearing granulites. These are overlain by metamorphosed stratified rocks, which include paragneiss, quartzite, schist, basalt, and greenstone. The stratified rocks are intruded by quartz diorite and by later porphyritic
granite. A younger sedimentary sequence is assigned to the Great Island Group. Glacial deposits include eskers and washboard moraines. Raised beaches and wave-formed terraces are present throughout the area.