bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Program Pengembangan Bahasa Arab FAI UMM : Problematika Dan Upaya
Authors: Sumekar Panji Adipura , Sunarto Sunarto , Thoyyibah Anisatu
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the factors that cause Arabic learning problems in students of the Arabic Language Development Programme FAI UMM and to find out the efforts in solving these problems. The object of this research is PBA A class students in the even semester, 2019/2020 academic year and lecturers who teach in the class. This research method is qualitative with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques were observation and interview. Data analysis used the descriptive analysis method. The results showed four problematic factors: (1) student factors, including educational background and motivation. (2) lecturers' factors include minimisation in Arabic, methods, and learning media. (3) social factors and infrastructure include the campus environment and facilities. (4) psychological factors, which include self-confidence. The efforts made at PPBA FAI UMM to overcome these problems, namely creating a pleasant classroom atmosphere, always using media when learning takes place, and lecturers making it a habit to use Arabic in the Arabic language learning process so that students get used to speaking Arabic. There are differences in the abilities and backgrounds of each student with one another, so the lecturer is ready to provide more guidance. They use media/props to explain and make it easier to convey language-learning material.
Asbtrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab problematika pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada mahasiswa Program Pengembangan Bahasa Arab FAI UMM dan mengetahui upaya dalam memecahkan problematika tersebut. Objek penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa kelas PBA A pada semester genap, tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dan dosen yang mengajar pada kelas tersebut. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya empat faktor problematika, yaitu: (1) faktor mahasiswa yang meliputi latar belakang pendidikan dan motivasi. (2) faktor dari dosen yang meliputi minimalisasi dalam berbahasa Arab, metode, dan media pembelajaran. (3) faktor sosial dan sarana prasarana yang meliputi lingkungan di kampus dan fasilitas. (4) faktor psikologis yang meliputi kepercayaan diri. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan di PPBA FAI UMM untuk mengatasi problematika tersebut, yaitu: menciptakan suasana kelas yang menyenangkan, selalu menggunakan media saat pembelajaran berlangsung dan dosen membiasakan menggunakan bahasa Arab dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Arab sehingga mahasiswa terbiasa dengan berbahasa Arab. Adanya perbedaan kemampuan dan latar belakang setiap mahasiswa yang satu dengan yang lainnya, maka dosen siap memberi bimbingan lebih. Menggunakan media/alat peraga untuk menjelaskan dan mempermudah dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran bahasa Arab
Tren Penelitian Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis pada Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Indonesia
Authors: Azhar Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study aims to collect and review information about various studies that discuss critical thinking skills in Arabic language education journals throughout Indonesia in the 2020-2023 period. A qualitative research approach with a literature method was used. This study answers questions about the trend of critical thinking skills research from the number of studies per year, research design, treatment used, measurement instruments, data analysis techniques, and an overview of the series of studies that researchers have conducted. The data analysis technique used content analysis. The results showed increased publications discussing critical thinking skills, although it has yet to become Indonesia's primary trend in Arabic language learning. The study also identified the dominance of qualitative research, research subjects that tend to be MA and undergraduate students, and measurement instruments involving observation sheets, tests, interviews, and documentation. In addition, the articles were generally published in accredited journals, indicating the quality and credibility of the research. Recommendations for future research include increasing quantitative research, classroom action research (PTK), and development research (R&D), as well as involving a wider range of research subjects and varising research designs. This study provides in-depth insights related to critical thinking skills research in the context of Arabic language learning in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan mengkaji informasi tentang berbagai penelitian yang membahas keterampilan berpikir kritis pada jurnal pendidikan bahasa Arab se-Indonesia pada periode 2020-2023. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan digunakan. Penelitian ini menjawab pertanyaan tentang tren penelitian keterampilan berpikir kritis dari aspek jumlah penelitian pertahun, desain penelitian, perlakuan yang digunakan, instrumen pengukuran, teknik analisis data, dan gambaran rangkaian penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah publikasi yang membahas keterampilan berpikir kritis, meskipun belum menjadi tren utama dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi dominasi penelitian kualitatif, subjek penelitian yang cenderung pada siswa MA dan mahasiswa strata 1, serta instrumen pengukuran yang melibatkan lembar observasi, tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Selain itu, artikel-artikel tersebut umumnya diterbitkan di jurnal-jurnal terakreditasi, menunjukkan kualitas dan kredibilitas penelitian. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya mencakup peningkatan penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), dan penelitian pengembangan (R&D), serta melibatkan subjek penelitian yang lebih luas dan varisasi desain penelitian. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mendalam terkait penelitian keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam konteks pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia.
Further evidence for the immunosuppressive activity of the transmembrane envelope protein p15E of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)
Authors: Denner Joachim , Schwinzer Reinhard , Pokoyski Claudia , Kaufer Benedikt B , Dierkes Björn , Lovlesh Lovlesh
Published: February 2025

Retroviruses are immunosuppressive and there is evidence that a highly conserved immunosuppressive domain (isu domain) in their transmembrane envelope protein contributes to this activity. Studies have shown that disrupted retroviruses, their purified transmembrane envelope proteins and synthetic peptides corresponding to the isu domain inhibit mitogen-triggered proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and modulate their cytokine expression in vitro. In vivo, in a mouse tumour model, tumour cells that were unable to induce tumours in immunocompetent animals, gained the ability to do so when expressing the transmembrane envelope protein or the isu domain of various retroviruses on their surface. However, criticism arose that endotoxin contaminations in retroviral preparations might explain the observed cytokine modulation, as endotoxins are capable to induce similar effects. Here we demonstrate that in an endotoxin-free system, the transmembrane envelope protein p15E of PERV can modulate cytokine expression in human PBMCs. Human 293 cells were transfected with constructs expressing p15E. These transfected cells were co-cultured with human PBMCs resulting in the release of IL-10 protein and modulation of several cytokines and other markers, including IL-6, IL-10, IFN-, TNF-, MMP1, and SEPP1. Additionally, p15E expression reduced MHC class I expression and had a protective effect against cellular cytotoxicity. Notably, the expression of p15E was minimal, which explains why no effect was observed in certain experiments. This finding underscores the need for further research to elucidate the dynamics of p15E expression and its immunosuppressive activity.
Flash droughts threaten global managed forests
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Pang Jianzhuang , Xu Hang , Xu Yang , Zhang Yifan , Wu Xiaoyun , Xing Kexin
Published: February 2025

Flash drought (FD), characterized by its rapid onset and increasing frequency, has emerged as a significant threat to ecosystem stability and functions. However, a global consensus on how forests respond to FD events remains elusive. Furthermore, the roles of FD characteristics (e.g., onset rate, peak stress, and stress duration) and forest management practices in mediating these responses have yet to be fully explored. Here, we explore the responses of intact and managed forests to FD events using a newly produced high-resolution Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) dataset spanning from 1982 to 2022 and investigate the synergistic effects of forest management practices, FD characteristics, background climate, and meteorological anomalies during FD events based on an interpretable machine learning framework. Global forests have been experiencing FD events with faster onsets, greater intensity, and prolonged duration over the past four decades. These FD events drive the browning of managed forests worldwide, which appear less able to adapt to sustained extreme high temperatures. However, elevated temperatures during FD events lead to forest greening in the Amazon and Siberia regions due to enhanced photosynthesis. Notably, current management practices further exacerbate the vulnerability of managed forests to FD events globally. Our findings underscore the escalating risks posed by more frequent and prolonged FD events to managed forests, highlighting the urgent need to incorporate forest resistance and resilience to extreme climatic events into the development of forest management strategies.
Structural basis of calcium-dependent C1ql/BAI assemblies in synaptic connectivity
Authors: Wei Zhiyi , Liao Liangyu , Han Ying , Niu Fengfeng , Wang Yingjie , Lu Yang , Xu Shun , Zhu Houming , Lin Leishu , Xiao Jinman , Tou Hoi In , Gao Jiali , Zhang Bo
Published: February 2025

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal in establishing and maintaining synaptic connectivity. Emerging evidence indicates that some secreted factors within the synaptic cleft, including C1q-like proteins (C1qls), play a crucial role in bridging pre- and post-synapses by connecting the bilateral CAMs. However, the mechanisms of those secreted factors in synapse assembly remain incomplete. Here, we explored C1ql-mediated synaptic connectivity, focusing on the assembly of C1ql1 and its post-synaptic receptor brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (BAI3). Our biochemical, structural, and computational analyses reveal that the trimeric globular C1q (gC1q) domain of C1ql1 undergoes a calcium-modulated domain-swapping event to form a hexamer. Cryo-EM study manifests the stabilizing role of calcium ions on the C1ql1-gC1q hexamer in complex with the extended CUB domain of BAI3. Using the gC1q hexamer, full-length C1ql1 further assembles into linear clusters, creating a scaffold that effectively accumulates BAI3 receptors on the plasma membrane. Our cellular and in vivo studies consolidate the essential role of the gC1q-mediated dynamic assembly of C1ql1 in receptor accumulation and synapse maintenance. Collectively, our findings provide a plausible mechanism of secreted factor-mediated synaptic connectivity, driven by the calcium-modulated assembly of C1qls and their interactions with CAMs.
Understanding and Suppressing Gas Evolution in Lithium Metal Batteries with Ether-Based Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Hansen , Wang Yuchun , Kung Samantha , Cai Ziman , Sun Juanjuan , Li Haoran , Liang Jinding , Bai Lu , Wu Erxiao , Ulissi Ulderico , Yan Xiaolin , Luo Xiaonan , Liu Na , Ouyang Chuying
Published: February 2025

Understanding and suppressing gas evolution in lithium secondary batteries are critical to optimizing battery performance and ensuring safe operation.1,2 However, no systematic investigations of gas evolution in ether-based lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been conducted despite the enticing prospects of LMBs for achieving ultrahigh energy density.3–5 In this work, gas generation in ether electrolyte-based LMBs was quantified and the underlying redox mechanisms were elucidated. Through studying cathode and anode half-cells, it was determined that CO2 and CO gas were generated at the cathode and CH4 gas at the anode. Notably, CO2 and CO were not observed in the full cell as they were consumed at the anode, reacting with lithium to produce solid Li compounds such as Li2CO3. CH4 generated at the anode is the major contributor of gas generated in the full cell, though its evolution during cycling is not immediate and occurs after an onset point. The total gas volume generated increases dramatically with increasing temperature and decreasing electrolyte concentration. Based on these findings, electrolyte engineering and anode surface activation strategies were explored to control CH4 production and hence overall gas evolution. In particular, the anode activation approach resulted in increased Li nucleation sites and improved Li deposition morphology, leading to significantly suppressed interfacial reactions, thus delaying the onset of gas evolution by 800% and increasing the cycling life by 400%. Achieving these improvements without altering the electrolyte formulation demonstrates the potential broad applicability of anode activation across various electrolyte chemistries. The performance enhancements beyond merely suppressing gas generation advances the prospects of safer and higher-performing LMBs.
Successful living donor kidney transplantation in a 14-year-old boy with Fontan circulation
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Kamei Koichi , Nishi Kentaro , Ogura Masao , Ono Hiroshi , Sakamoto Seisuke
Published: February 2025

We report a successful living donor kidney transplantation (KT) in a 14-year-old boy with Fontan circulation. He was diagnosed with complete transposition of the great arteries (type 3) at birth. After Blalock–Taussig shunt placement, he developed acute kidney injury, which recovered to stage 4 chronic kidney disease. At 2 years old, he underwent a single-stage Fontan procedure to reduce the number of surgeries. At 7 years old, he started peritoneal dialysis. At 13 years old, the feasibility of KT was evaluated using preoperative cardiac catheterization with fluid loading, revealing that adequate systemic perfusion could be maintained during KT. Following a multidisciplinary preoperative assessment, KT was successfully performed under meticulous hemodynamic monitoring. At 1 year post-KT, the patient showed good kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate: 78 mL/min/1.73 m²). This case demonstrates that selected patients with Fontan circulation can safely undergo KT through appropriate preoperative assessment and perioperative management.
Muscle stiffness among musicians with and without playing-related musculoskeletal disorders: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cruder Cinzia , Schönhofer Pia , Schneebeli Alessandro , Vercelli Stefano , Barbero Marco
Published: February 2025

Increased muscle stiffness (MS) in the upper trapezius (UT) has been shown to correlate with pain in some populations. However, knowledge regarding altered MS in musicians affected by playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) remains limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether MS is altered in musicians with PRMDs. A further aim was to explore associations between MS and musicians’ features. A total of 60 musicians from the Conservatory of Southern Switzerland and the Orchestra della Svizzera italiana participated in the study. The assessment procedure included a self-reported questionnaire on background and lifestyle, practice habits, PRMDs, physical activity and perceived health, along with a bilateral evaluation of MS in the UT using the MyotonPRO (Muomeetria, Tallinn, Estonia). Of the 60 participants, 28 musicians (47%) reported ongoing PRMDs, with a higher pain prevalence in the UT, especially on the left side. MS in the UT did not differ significantly between musicians with and without PRMDs. However, positive correlations were observed between MS and perceived effort, and between MS and playing-related disability. Conversely, a negative correlation was found between MS and the physical component of perceived health, as well as preparatory exercises and breaks during playing practice. Although no significant difference was found between PRMD and non-PRMD groups, statistically significant correlations between MS and certain musicians-related features were detected. Being the first study that explored MS among musicians, further research is needed within the musical and scientific community, particularly employing a longitudinal design to observe and monitor musicians over time.
An Epidemiological Study of Root Number, Length, and Canal Morphology in Extracted Mandibular Premolars from Adolescent Patients in Damascus
Authors: Tolibah Yasser Alsayed , Aljabban Osama , Bshara Nada
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the root number, length, and root canal anatomy of extracted mandibular premolars (MPs) from adolescents in Damascus.Materials and Methods: Immediately after extraction, the root number and maximum length were recorded. Each MP was then radiographed in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions using digital periapical radiographs, and the root canal morphology was classified based on Vertucci's classification. Subsequently, the previous findings were correlated with the patient's gender, and statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test and T-test in the SPSS program.Results: The sample included 216 first MPs and 132 second MPs. No significant differences were found between males and females regarding the frequency of one, two, or three roots. Most premolars had a single root. The mean length of the first MP was 21.9 mm, and the second MP was 21 mm, with males generally having longer MPs than females. There were no significant gender differences in the distribution of Vertucci types across MPs. Type I was the most common root canal configuration, followed by Type V. While Types IV and V were similarly prevalent in second MPs, Type V was more common in first MPs.Conclusion: Variations in root number and canal classifications are evident in MPs. Although gender does not influence the root number or canal morphology, males tend to have longer MPs.
Methanol biotransformation for the production of the biodegradable plastic monomer L-lactate in yeast
Authors: Zhou Yongjin , Yu Wei , Zhang Chenyue , Li Yunxia , Chen Qing-An , Fei Qiang , Gao Jiaoqi
Published: February 2025

Methanol is an ideal feedstock for biomanufacturing that can be produced from CO2 in massive quantities. Methanol biotransformation to promote the production of the biodegradable plastic monomer lactate is a promising approach for mitigating white pollution in a carbon-neutral manner. However, it is still challenging to engineer microbes for lactate production from methanol because of the strong competition between product synthesis and cell growth. Here, we extensively modified the methylotrophic yeast Ogataea polymorpha to synthesize L-lactate from methanol alone and found that the cofactor ratio of NADPH/NADP+ was higher than that of NADH/NAD+ during methanol metabolism. By engineering the gene expression and cofactor preference levels of lactate dehydrogenase, enhancing cell viability, modifying cofactor homeostasis, and performing mitochondrial compartmentalization, 2.5 g/L L-lactate was produced from 10 g/L methanol in a shake flask. Fed-batch fermentation in a 1 L bioreactor resulted in the highest yield of 25.0 g/L L-lactate from methanol, which was chemically synthesized from CO2 with a yield of 0.22 g/g. A technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment were performed to evaluate the commercial potential of CO2-derived L-lactate, its environmental impacts, and its greenhouse gas mitigation performance. This study could lay the foundation for the carbon-neutral production of biodegradable plastic polylactic acid from CO2, thus establishing a circular economy.
Distinct role of virulence and antimicrobial resistance on mortality within a large Klebsiella spp. cohort
Authors: Liu Chao , Tang Yunfei , Yang Ping , Zheng Jiajia , Yi Juan , Jiang Fan , Lu Ming , Du Pengcheng , Shen Ning
Published: February 2025

Background.
Klebsiella spp. is emerging in various clinical infections. However, the clinical, genomic and socio-economic characteristics of Klebsiella spp. have not been systematically characterized in high-risk regions.
Methods.
A six-year longitudinal cohort study was performed. The demographic information, permanent residence, medical insurance, underlying diseases, infection type and mortality at 14-, 28-, 90-day were collected. Sequence type (ST), plasmid replicons, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes and phylogenetic relationships were identified by whole genome sequencing. Isolates carried any combination of rmpA, rmpA2, iroB, peg-344 and iucA were identified as hypervirulence (HV).
Results.
A total of 1628 cases and isolates were enrolled and the mortality in 14-, 28- and 90-day was 10.9%, 16.4% and 24.6%, respectively. Among the cases, 87.8% (1429/1628) were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), which represented significantly higher mortality rates compared to those infected by other subspecies at 14-day (12.0% vs 3.0%, P < 0.001), 28-day (17.6% vs 7.8%, P = 0.002) and 90-day (26.2% vs 12.7%, P = 0.001). Virulence factors were key determinants of short-term mortality, with the iroB (OR = 1.600) and a higher virulence score (OR = 1.182) as independent risk factors. In contrast, the IncR (OR = 1.738) and resistance score>1 (OR = 2.742) were closely associated with long-term mortality, highlighting the essential role of antimicrobial resistance. Although the prognosis varied across different STs, ST11 showed a great increase in 90-day mortality. Importantly, a novel variant, ST11-KL25 harboring blaCMY, emerged and over half of its infections resulted in 90-day mortality.
Conclusions.
Virulence was a key determinant of short-term mortality, while antimicrobial resistance contributed to long-term mortality of the Klebsiella spp. cohort. Endemic ST11 and its new variants play an important role in increased mortality.
Single Phase Grid Connected Solar Charging Station For Electrical Vehicles Using ANFIS-Neural Network Control Approach
Authors: N Shanker , K.Srinivasa  , E Srilakshmi
Published: February 2025

This work presents a new system architecture for low-cost photovoltaic (PV) battery charging stations that can balance: 1) the cumulative charging time of each battery and 2) the overall charging time of all battery power sources. The new system's first control strategy is to rapidly charge each battery at the same voltage or SOC level before charging multiple batteries in parallel at the same time. The solar PV system is integrated with ANFIS MPPT to extract maximum power. From the PV module, the static battery storage and the EV battery are controlled by a feedback voltage control scheme to maintain a constant DC bus voltage. The neural network means that the NN receives two inputs: PV power and Soc of constant battery and the generated output is the actual current reference signal of grid inverter control. The simulations are then discussed under,several situations where the radiation conditions change and the,battery remains constant and EVs have different social,EV charging stations where the energy is processed successfully,using neural networks.
Gestaltung eines Chatbot-Playground zur Kompetenzförderung von Hochschullehrenden
Authors: Beyer Steven , Wrede Silke , Hoffmann Christine , Schulmann Christine
Published: February 2025

Der Einfluss Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in Hochschulen steigt stetig und Lehrende sind aufgefordert, sich den Anforderungen im Umgang mit KI-Anwendungen (z. B. Chatbots) zu stellen. Um Raum für die Auseinandersetzung mit diesen neuen Anforderungen und das Experimentieren mit KI-Anwendungen zu geben, hat ein Team aus verschiedenen Fachbereichen ein Online-Selbstlernangebot zur Entwicklung eines Chatbots für das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten konzipiert. Die Konzeption orientiert sich an Design-Thinking-Prozessen. Das Angebot steht exemplarisch für die Vision einer Experimentierumgebung für Lehrende.
Enhancing AI literacy of educators in higher education
Authors: Schallert-Vallaster Stefanie , Nüesch Charlotte , Papageorgiou Konstantin , Herrmann Lisa , Hofmann Martin , Buchner Josef
Published: February 2025

As AI becomes integral to students’ learning, educators must adapt to this AI-driven landscape. However, there is a notable gap in research focusing on fostering AI literacy among higher education lecturers. This paper presents a design-based research project aimed at developing a professional development curriculum for educators at the tertiary level through iterative cycles. In the first cycle, a voluntary internal professional development course was offered as a blended learning scenario. Evaluation involved a validated AI literacy performance test and AI readiness scale items. The results of the first cycle are going to be presented and discussed. Based on these findings, modifications to the course are outlined.
Einflüsse von ChatGPT auf Lernmotivation und Technologieakzeptanz bei Studierenden
Authors: Rybandt Antje , Behrendt Corinna , Lepach-Engelhardt Anja Christina
Published: February 2025

Diese Vignettenstudie hatte zum Ziel, den Einfluss von ChatGPT auf die aktuelle Lernmotivation von Studierenden sowie den Einfluss der aktuellen Lernmotivation auf die Technologieakzeptanz der Nutzung von ChatGPT im Studium zu untersuchen. Es wurden Studierende mittels einer Online-Umfrage im Zeitraum von Juli bis November 2023 befragt. Die Befragung umfasste Skalen zur aktuellen Motivation (FAM) sowie ausgewählte Skalen des TAM 3. Insgesamt wurden 111 vollständige Datensätze ausgewertet. Es zeigte sich ein geringer Effekt der ChatGPT-Nutzung auf die aktuelle Lernmotivation, welche wiederum die Akzeptanz von ChatGPT im Studium beeinflusste.
Forschungsnahes Lernen zum berufsspezifischen Einsatz von generativer KI
Authors: Clincy Miriam
Published: February 2025

Generative KI stellt Hochschullehre vor Herausforderungen, die disruptiven Charakter haben: Lehrende müssen Lernende auf einen Arbeitsmarkt vorbereiten, in dem KI eine unverzichtbare Rolle spielen wird, ohne dass sie auf eigene Erfahrungen zurückgreifen können. Als methodischer Zugang bietet es sich an, den Studierenden über Elemente des forschungsnahen Lernens den Freiraum zu eröffnen, Anwendungsgebiete in einem geschützten Rahmen selbst zu explorieren, d. h. (generative) KI mit Bezug zum eigenen Berufsalltag zum Forschungsgegenstand zu machen. Beispielhaft wird eine Umsetzung aus der Technikdidaktik in der ersten Phase der Lehrkräfteausbildung beschrieben.
Förderung von KI-Kompetenz – Lernen mit und über Chatbots in einem Making-Szenario
Authors: Schmidt Claudia , Sedlmeier Teresa , Bauer Katrin , Canz Michael , Schlemmer Daniela , Sänger Volker
Published: February 2025

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) nimmt eine immer größere Rolle im Berufs- und Alltagsleben ein. Ein bedeutendes Anwendungsgebiet von KI sind Chatbots, die Menschen als digitale Assistenten bei diversen Aufgaben unterstützen können. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Umsetzung eines Moduls zum Themenbereich Chatbots vor, das konzipiert wurde, um die anwendungsbezogene KI-Kompetenz in der Hochschullehre zu fördern. Das Didaktische Design des Moduls kombiniert passgenau die Wissensvermittlung zur Funktionsweise von Chatbots mit einer praktischen Umsetzung basierend auf dem Making-Konzept.
Ambivalent artifacts: a critical examination of Indian handicrafts as colonial souvenirs
Authors:   , Nadkarni Dipika
Published: February 2025

This thesis investigates a selection of nineteenth-century handcrafted Indian souvenir objects housed in the Ethnological Collection of Lübeck, and connects them to the context of British colonialism in the Indian subcontinent, and to the broader global networks of European tourism within which they were produced and circulated. Focusing on those objects especially neglected in museum research as tourist memorabilia, on account of their serialised production or European stylistic influence, this thesis examines the colonial structures that promoted their production and enabled their mobility between India, Germany, and Britain. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach to object research, it moves beyond the biographies of the collectors, and questions how the production of such objects for European tourists offers us access to a further dimension of colonial intervention in India.

Throughout the nineteenth century, Indian handicrafts were increasingly woven into the global and political power relations playing out on the colonial stage, in a categorically asymmetrical way. This thesis addresses four specific issues: first, it argues that a history of Indian handicrafts was reframed by colonialism to fit its discourse, often ignoring intermingling artistic influences and exchanges between and across pre-colonial kingdoms, in the quest to define and fix an ‘India’, and a unified idea of Indian art. Second, it argues that handicrafts played a role in the systems of colonial knowledge production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, that sought to legitimise colonial rule. Third, it demonstrates how the representation of crafts at international exhibitions and world fairs allowed the British to construct a curated vision of India for their European audience. And fourth, it argues that orientalist scholarship used print media to enact particular forms of visual encoding and textual discourse in order to reconfigure handicrafts to maintain India’s alterity.

These imaginations of India generated a popular, exoticised appreciation for Indian material in the West. My thesis argues that this increased demand for objects was answered by their serialised production, and adherence to certain forms and styles to ensure their commercial viability. By connecting the objects to the contexts of their production, my original contribution to knowledge is the development of a critical framework by which to review hybrid, souvenir, and tourist art from the Indian subcontinent. The findings of this thesis contribute to the fields of Indian handicraft history, South Asian art-history, postcolonial museum anthropology, and research practices for material culture from colonial tourism contexts.
Einfluss mikrobiologischer Befunde respiratorischer Proben auf die Häufigkeit intravenöser antibiotischer Therapien pulmonaler Exazerbationen bei erwachsenen Patienten mit CF-Lungenerkrankung am Christiane Herzog CF-Zentrum in Frankfurt am Main
Authors:   , Stuis Marie-Céline
Published: February 2025

Die vorliegende, retrospektive Studie untersuchte den Einfluss mikrobiologischer Befunde respiratorischer Proben auf die Häufigkeit von intravenösen antibiotischen Therapien bei erwachsenen Patienten mit CF-Lungenerkrankung. Die Studienergebnisse ergaben, dass bekannte Risikokeime, wie PA, aber auch Pilze, wie Candida albicans sowie Candida spp. + Aspergillus spp. mit einer signifikant erhöhten Anzahl an intravenösen antibiotischen Therapien assoziiert waren. Da der Einfluss von Pilzen auf den Krankheitsverlauf von CF-Patienten bislang weitgehend unerforscht ist, kann diese Studie als Grundlage für weitere Studien zu diesem Themengebiet dienen.
Acolhimento em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde: um relato de experiência
Authors: SILVA Flávia Eloah Martins da , YU Jamile Ma-ya Xiang
Published: February 2025

O presente relato apresenta a experiência de acadêmicos de medicina sobre aspectos cotidianos do acolhimento, das capacitações, do atendimento e de demais atividades de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde localizada no município de Guarapuava, com supervisão da enfermeira coordenadora, no segundo semestre de 2023. O estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar a importância das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica na prática vivenciada na unidade de saúde. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão na Atenção Primária à Saúde com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. Constatou-se que o acolhimento ao usuário depende da demanda populacional aos serviços prestados pela unidade e, nesse sentido, as experiências vividas apontaram para o fato de que o atendimento na Unidade Básica de Saúde analisada está dentro dos padrões estabelecidos na legislação.
Construction of a cupola information profile for further modeling for the purpose of controlling melting processes
Authors: Nikolaiev Denys
Published: February 2025

The object of research: technological systems of mono- and duplex melting processes using cupolas
Investigated problem: existing solutions for melting using cupolas lack systematicity in determining rational decisions for melting, which should be based on a system of general mathematical models.
The main scientific results: based on the systematization of retrospective data on the parameters of melting by mono- and duplex processes using cupolas, the variables of the melting process were determined, which are distributed over three levels: the level of control parameters, the level of internal parameters, the level of parameters reflecting quality indicators, and the relationships between them.
The area of practical use of the results of the study: iron melting in foundries of machine-building enterprises.
Innovative technological product: information profile of a cupola, reflecting the variables of the melting process and the relationships between all parameters at three levels for further modeling in order to control the melting processes.
The scope of the innovative technological product: foundry production
Analysis of inverse kinematics and trajectory errors in robotic arm motion
Authors: Susilo Sugeng Hadi , Nur Huda Muhammad Arief
Published: February 2025

The object of research: Robot arm performance analysis 6 degrees freedom for automatic welding applications. Robot arm, built from 1010 aluminum, has six joints driven by motor stepper nema 23 and Nema 17 with various transmission systems to ensure proper movements. Controlled by the Arduino Mega 2560, this system integrates Stepper Motor Drivers, 24V Power Supplies, and rotary encoder for monitoring of real time connections.
Investigated problem: Analyze the inverse kinematics, trajectory planning, and capability process of a robotic arm for automated welding applications. Inaccuracy and trajectory errors in the movement of robot arm when doing automatic welding tasks. The transition from manual welding to the automatic system faces the main challenges in achieving precise movement control, especially in maintaining the stability and accuracy of the welding path. Although various studies have developed advanced and reverse kinematics approaches to optimize the movement of robot arm, there is still a difference between the simulation and experimental results in terms of position and end-effector orientation. Errors in the joint angle estimation and trajectory execution can cause deviations in the welding path, which affect the quality of welding joints and production efficiency.
The aim of this study was to analyze the inverse kinematics, trajectory planning, and capability process of a robotic arm for automated welding applications.
The main scientific results: It showed a difference between reversed kinematics solutions and simulations, with joint angular errors 2, 3, and 5 ranging from 0.98º -2.7º. The movement of the robot arm when welding is quite smooth, but there is still an average trajectory error of 2.25 mm on the X axis and 10.57 mm on the Y axis.
The area of practical use of the research results: The robotic welding systems by integrating inverse kinematics and trajectory planning algorithms with an Arduino 2560 microcontroller.
Innovative technological product: The developed are robot arm control systems with 6 freedom degrees of Arduino 2560, equipped with a rotary encoder sensor to increase the accuracy of movement. This system allows more precise path control through more optimal planning, so as to produce a more consistent and high-quality welding connection.
Scope of the innovative technological product: The automotive manufacturing industry, shipbuilding, and metal production that requires welding with a high precision level.
Feasibility study of PETG filament using FDM 3D printing technique for throttle sleeve products
Authors: Darsin Mahros , Lawahizh Jauza R. , Jatisukamto Gaguk , Hermawan Yuni , Muttaqin Aris Z.
Published: February 2025

Object of Research: This study focuses on the production technology of motorcycle throttle sleeves using PETG Filament (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) with 3D printing technology, specifically the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method.
Investigated Problem: The main issue addressed is the lack of spare parts for the Hyosung Cruise II Motor 125 from 2001, as production has ceased. This study analyzes the feasibility of using PETG filament to produce throttle sleeves and identifies the optimal printing parameters for maximum tensile strength.
Main Scientific Results: Initial printings were performed to identify the best combination of parameters that result in the strongest tensile strength. Testing was carried out with variations in infill pattern, nozzle temperature, and layer height according to ASTM D638 for the tensile test. The results show that the highest tensile strength of 43.5 MPa was achieved with an infill pattern line, a nozzle temperature of 250°C, and a layer height of 0.1 mm. The microstructure analysis indicated that the specimen with the highest tensile strength had a dense layer structure with minimal porosity, while the specimen with the lowest tensile strength exhibited high porosity. Product testing demonstrated that the gas cylinder casing could withstand a load of up to 41.94 N. The production cost per unit was Rp 28,655.37, indicating the efficiency of the process.
Area of Practical Use: The research results can be practically used by companies specializing in the manufacture of motorcycle components, particularly for old and discontinued models.
Innovative Technological Product: This study presents an innovative production technology for motorcycle throttle sleeves using PETG filament, enabling the production of spare parts for older motorcycle models.
Scope of the Innovative Technological Product: The newly developed throttle sleeves can be utilized in the repair and maintenance of old motorcycle models, providing a cost-effective solution for motorcycle enthusiasts and repair shops.
Agricultural development as a factor in ensuring food security in Kazakhstan
Authors: Sholpanbayeva Kanshaim , Apysheva Assel , Baiguzhinova Alma
Published: February 2025

The object of research: The current state of agriculture in the country and identify key areas for improving agricultural policies that contribute to ensuring food security for the nation.
Investigated problem: The problem that the study is aimed at solving is related to the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan, on the effectiveness of which the possibility of ensuring national food security largely depends.
The main scientific results: The role of agriculture in ensuring the food security of Kazakhstan is shown. The essence of the concept of «food security» is revealed, taking into account the point of view of different authors. The main factors determining the level of development of the country's food security have been identified.
The area of practical use of the research results: The practical significance of this research is in the potential application of the theoretical findings and practical recommendations derived from the work in the operations of national and regional governments in the development and implementation of policy documents related to addressing the issue of food security and import substitution.
Innovative technological product: Based on the conducted research, the following recommendations were identified and made aimed at ensuring food security in Kazakhstan: reducing the property stratification of the population; developing cooperation in animal husbandry and crop production; and implementing a policy of import substitution in agriculture.
Scope of the innovative technological product: The research results can be used in the development of agricultural development programs both in the country as a whole and in individual regions
BPS chaos
Authors: Chen Yiming , Lin Henry W. , Shenker Steve
Published: February 2025

Black holes are chaotic quantum systems that are expected to exhibit random matrix statistics in their finite energy spectrum. Lin, Maldacena, Rozenberg and Shan (LMRS) have proposed a related characterization of chaos for the ground states of BPS black holes with finite area horizons. On a separate front, the “fuzzball program” has uncovered large families of horizon-free geometries that account for the entropy of holographic BPS systems, but only in situations with sufficient supersymmetry to exclude finite area horizons. The highly structured, non-random nature of these solutions seems in tension with strong chaos. We verify this intuition by performing analytic and numerical calculations of the LMRS diagnostic in the corresponding boundary quantum system. In particular we examine the 1/2 and 1/4-BPS sectors of \mathcal{N}=4𝒩=4 SYM, and the two charge sector of the D1-D5 CFT. We find evidence that these systems are only weakly chaotic, with a Thouless time determining the onset of chaos that grows as a power of NN. In contrast, finite horizon area BPS black holes should be strongly chaotic, with a Thouless time of order one. In this case, finite energy chaotic states become BPS as NN is decreased through the recently discovered “fortuity” mechanism. Hence they can plausibly retain their strongly chaotic character.
Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry of interacting non-Hermitian birefringent Dirac fermions
Authors: Murshed Sk Asrap , Roy Bitan
Published: February 2025

The energy spectra of linearly dispersing gapless spin-3/2 Dirac fermions display birefringence, featuring two effective Fermi velocities, thus breaking the space-time Lorentz symmetry. Here, we consider a non-Hermitian (NH) generalization of this scenario by introducing a masslike anti-Hermitian birefringent Dirac operator to its Hermitian counterpart. At the microscopic level, a generalized \piπ-flux square lattice model with imbalance in the hopping amplitudes in the opposite directions among spinless fermions between the nearest-neighbor sites gives rise to pseudospin-3/2 NH Dirac fermions in terms of internal, namely sublattice, degrees of freedom. The resulting NH operator shows real eigenvalue spectra over an extended NH parameter regime, and a combination of non-spatial and discrete rotational symmetries protects the gapless nature of such quasiparticles. However, at the brink of dynamic mass generation, triggered by Hubbardlike local interactions, the birefringent parameter always vanishes under coarse grain due to the Yukawa-type interactions with scalar bosonic order-parameter fluctuations. The resulting quantum critical state is, therefore, described by two decoupled copies of spin-1/2 Dirac fermions with a unique terminal Fermi velocity, which is equal to the bosonic order-parameter velocity, thereby fostering an emergent space-time Lorentz symmetry. Furthermore, depending on the internal algebra between the anti-Hermitian birefringent Dirac operator and the candidate mass order, the system achieves the emergent Yukawa-Lorentz symmetry either by maintaining its non-Hermiticity or by recovering a full Hermiticity. We discuss the resulting quantum critical phenomena and possible microscopic realizations of the proposed scenarios.
AMBIENTE VIRTUAL COM REALIDADE VIRTUAL INTERATIVA NO AUXÍLIO DE ENSINO DE ENGENHARIA DE REATORES
Authors: De Castro Miguel Lucas , Legey Ana Paula , Cotelli do Espírito Santo Andrë , De Abreu Mól Antônio Carlos
Published: February 2025

Os discentes do curso de engenharia têm tido dificuldade de compreender o básico da engenharia de reatores, seus componentes principais, as conexões que levam de um ciclo a outro, a escala de tamanho entre os componentes. Por outro lado, na última década foram desenvolvidos diversos estudos a respeito da efetividade do uso da realidade virtual (RV) como ferramenta de ensino. A partir do exposto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar o desenvolvimento de um ambiente virtual que tem a potencialidade de auxiliar o ensino de engenharia de reatores. Para tal um ambiente virtual foi construído com a ferramenta SolidWorks para apresentar o funcionamento do primeiro e segundo ciclo de um reator nuclear de água pressurizada, possibilitando ao discente de engenharia uma melhor visualização dos componentes da engenharia básica de uma usina nuclear geradora de potência, por meio da realidade virtual interativa. Além dessa plataforma virtual ser usada como ferramenta de ensino, outra funcionalidade apresentada é a utilização dela como repositório online dos objetos virtuais modelados pelos desenvolvedores de ambientes virtuais, ou professores que possam utilizá-los como ferramenta para o ensino de conteúdos de outras disciplinas relacionadas a engenharia de reatores. Uma outra contribuição seriam os pesquisadores utilizarem a plataforma como uma alternativa para a difusão do conhecimento sobre a energia nuclear dentro e fora de sua comunidade de pesquisa. Acredita-se que esse ambiente virtual possa contribuir tanto para área de ensino de engenharia de reatores quanto para a divulgação científica.
ASPECTOS COMPUTACIONAIS DA INVERSÃO NUMÉRICA DA TRANSFORMADA DE LAPLACE APLICADA A UM PROBLEMA DE ENGENHARIA ELÉTRICA
Authors: Paz Murilo da Cunha , Schmidt Renan de Almeida , Freitas Elisandra Konflanz , Rodriguez Bárbara Denicol do Amaral , Prolo Filho João Francisco
Published: February 2025

A Transformada de Laplace é uma ferramenta matemática amplamente empregada na resolução de uma variedade de problemas, especialmente aqueles descritos por equações diferenciais com condições iniciais. Seu uso é relativamente simples: o operador integral é aplicado e a solução da equação diferencial original é obtida de forma indireta, através de um problema de menor complexidade. No entanto, quando a inversa da transformada não pode ser determinada analiticamente por meio de manipulações algébricas ou técnicas convencionais, a inversão numérica torna-se a alternativa mais adequada para obter as soluções. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do método Talbot-Fixo, que se baseia na deformação do contorno de Bromwich, para a inversão numérica da Transformada de Laplace na análise de circuitos elétricos. Utilizando o método citado, realizou-se inicialmente, uma comparação entre as soluções analíticas e numéricas para um conjunto de funções teste que envolvem caráter exponencial e oscilatório. Para avaliar quão boas são as aproximações numéricas em relação às inversas analíticas, perfis foram gerados e, utilizando como critério o Erro Absoluto Médio, estimou-se o parâmetro ótimo (), que fornece a melhor aproximação entre esses perfis. Em seguida, aplicou-se o mesmo processo em um problema de circuitos elétricos, onde foram analisadas quatro simulações para tensões elétricas. Como resultado, o método de inversão numérica se mostrou eficiente para a resolução do problema proposto, gerando resultados confiáveis a um custo computacional extremamente baixo.