bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond word frequency based on tally counting: AI-generated familiarity estimates of words and phrases are a better index of language knowledge
Authors: Brysbaert Marc , Martinez Gonzalo , REVIRIEGO PEDRO
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the potential of large language models (LLMs) to estimate familiarity of words and multi-word expressions (MWEs). We validated LLM estimates for isolated words using existing human familiarity ratings and found strong correlations. LLM familiarity estimates were found to perform even better in predicting lexical decisions and naming performance in megastudies than the best available word frequency measures. We then applied LLM estimates to MWEs, also finding their effectiveness in measuring familiarity for these expressions.We created a list of over 400,000 English words and MWEs with LLM-generated familiarity estimates, a valuable resource for researchers. There is also a cleaned-up list of nearly 150,000 words, excluding lesser-known stimuli, to streamline stimulus selection.Our findings highlight the advantages of LLM-based familiarity estimates, including their better performance than traditional word frequency measures (particularly for predicting word recognition accuracy), their ability to generalize to MWEs, availability for large lists of words, and ease of obtaining new estimates for all types of stimuli.This work contributes to a better understanding of word recognition and its implications for language processing and reading comprehension.
Does the label really matter when it comes to judgments of people who commit sexual offenses?
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Lievesley Rebecca , Hogue Todd
Published: September 2024

Negative social attitudes to people with sexual convictions have been cited as key barriers to the effective treatment and reintegration of those who have committed crimes of a sexual nature. As such, there have been moves to reduce stigmatizing language and use more person-first labels. Although this approach seems to be effective in adjusting broad public attitudes and policy support in the desired (i.e., less punitive) direction, there has been no work exploring how such labeling affects judgments of specific individuals with this offending history. In two well-powered experimental studies (Study 1 N = 522; Study 2 N = 470), we find less negative attitudes when this population is labeled using person-first language in a broad psychometric attitudinal measure. However, there were no notable differences in the levels of expressed negativity toward, and desired social distance from, people who have committed sexual offenses based on the label used to describe them. We discuss the utility of using person-first labels in light of these data, and encourage more nuance when discussing the potential effects of person-first language use.
Ethical Considerations of Open Science
Authors: Moussaoui Jannah Rabha , McCarley Jason S. , Soicher Raechel N.
Published: September 2024

In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the replication crisis and how it gave way to the open science movement. Through a series of case studies, we discuss the ethical considerations of various open science practices, including preregistration, open materials, and open access.
Productive Forces and Chinese Relations
Authors:   Leading Researcher, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borokh Olga N. , Lomanov Alexander V. ,   Deputy Director for Scientific Work, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2024

The concept ‘garbage period’ has become viral and can influence the future of China. Emotional reasoning about the impending collapse is fraught with self-fulfilling prophecy. The ideological mainstream has got used to fighting strange slander. Inside the country, tested methods are losing their effectiveness.
President Pezeshkian and the Destiny of the Iranian “Look to the East”
Authors:   Senior lecturer, School of Oriental Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Zeltyn Andrey V. , Zeltyn Larisa A. ,   Senior lecturer, School of Oriental Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Khatai Danial ,   Postgraduate student, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, National Research University–Higher School of Economics
Published: September 2024

Incentivizing Russia and China to get tangible benefits for Iran, will be a major priority of the Pezeshkian administration. To achieve this aim, Iran will use rapprochement with the West to catalyze Russian and Chinese engagements with Iran.
Morphofunctional and motor prerequisites for strength training of senior school students who have different levels of somatic health
Authors: Kurabtsev M. D.
Published: September 2024

The main principle of the implementation of developmental and health-enhancing physical education classes for school students is the differentiated use of exercise. Differentiation is based on the individual capabilities of groups homogeneous in terms of their morphofunctional state. The aim of the study was to substantiate morphofunctional and motor prerequisites for strength training of senior school students who have different levels of somatic health. Materials and methods. The study involved 102 pupils (62 girls and 40 boys). We used the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, anthropometry, pedagogical testing, physiological tests of Kerdo, coefficient of blood circulation economy, Hench and Shtange tests; rapid assessment of the level of somatic health, selective statistical analysis and correlation analysis. Conclusions. The level of somatic health of senior school students as a criterion for a differentiated approach to physical education is comprehensive compared to morphological or physiological ones, and therefore is more promising, as it objectively assesses the relationship between the physical qualities, in particular strength tests, physiological tests, and the level of physical development. The content of differentiated exercise loads is primarily determined by the level of health of participants. For girls, this is a moderate level of somatic health, and, for boys, this is an above-moderate level. The worst physical qualities are associated with a lower than moderate level of somatic health. This may also be the basis for differentiated assessment of physical qualities.
TECNICISMO E CONSTRUTIVISMO NA ESCOLA
Authors: Araújo Marcelo Miguel de , Costa Deyvisson Pereira
Published: September 2024

Esta pesquisa busca avaliar o desenvolvimento do Letramento Informacional em uma escola específica. A base teórica foram os autores Paulo Freire (2006), Pedro Demo (2007) e Kelley Gasque (2011). Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental onde observamos o uso da biblioteca escolar, do laboratório de informática e o ensino por meio de projetos de trabalho, para turmas de 5º ano do ensino fundamental. Constata-se predominância da concepção tradicionalista tecnicista sob a construtivista com pensamento reflexivo na formação de leitores críticos. Conclui-se que são poucas as ações pedagógicas que vão de acordo com os conceitos de Letramento Informacional.
Amino acid composition of canned main dish increased food value
Authors: Bal-Prylypko Larysa , Nikolayenko Mykola , Ustymenko Ihor , Holembovska Nataliia , Petrychenko Kyrylo
Published: September 2024

It is relevant to reduce the meat raw material in the composition of canned main dishes – porridge with meat due to the unsatisfactory state of livestock production in Ukraine. It is promising to use in the technology of canned main dishes – porridge with meat of non-traditional cereals – spelt, which is superior in terms of amino acid composition to certain types of traditionally used cereals. The purpose of the article is to study the amino acid composition of the canned main dish – porridge with meat containing spelt groats. The mass fraction of essential amino acids was determined by the chromatographic method. The amino acid score, the coefficient of its discrepancy and the biological value determined by calculation method. According to the results of determining the content of essential amino acids in porridge with meat containing spelt groats (experimental sample), their amount was lower compared to the control, namely isoleucine – by 44.74 %, lysine – by 23.75 %, leucine – by 14.64 %, threonine – by 11.36 %, valine – by 9.26 %, methionine – by 12.00 %, tryptophan – by 7.69 %, phenylalanine – by 2.17 %, histidine – by 8.57 %. The developed canned main dish – porridge with meat containing spelt groats is a source of leucine and lysine. The calculation of the amino acid score in experimental sample showed that all essential amino acids have a value of 100 % and above, and the limited amino acid is isoleucine, the score of which is 100 %, and the highest score belongs to histidine – 181 %. It was established that the coefficient of divergence of the amino acid score in experimental sample is higher by 2.56 %, and the indicator of biological value is lower by 2.57 % compared to the control, which is not significant. Thus, the reduction of meat raw materials in the recipe composition of porridge with meat made it possible to preserve the amino acid composition due to the use of spelt groats, and the finished product can be classified as a complete food product.
Opini Publik Pasca-Pemilihan Presiden: Eksplorasi Analisis Sentimen Media Sosial X Menggunakan SVM
Authors: Adib Khoirul , Handayani Maya Rini , Yuniarti Wenty Dwi , Umam Khotibul
Published: September 2024

Pemilihan Presiden di Indonesia seringkali menjadi pemicu perubahan dramatis dalam dinamika opini publik, terutama di era digital yang dipenuhi dengan suara yang tersebar di media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan perubahan sentimen publik pasca-pemilihan Presiden dengan menggunakan analisis media sosial, dengan fokus pada aplikasi X yang memiliki 24 juta pengguna aktif di Indonesia. Metode Support Vector Machine (SVM) digunakan untuk menganalisis dan mengklasifikasikan sentimen dengan akurat berdasarkan kata tweet yang sedang tren setelah pemilihan Presiden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang perubahan opini publik pasca-pemilihan presiden, dengan menggambarkan dinamika sentimen masyarakat yang tercermin dalam media sosial. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini adalah pemetaan yang akurat tentang perubahan opini publik, yang dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga bagi pembuat kebijakan, analis politik, dan praktisi media sosial dalam merespons kebutuhan masyarakat di era digital ini. Hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan 3850 dengan karateristik dataset dengan menggunakan tiga kelas kata tweet yang sedang tren dari platform X menunjukkan tingkat akurasi tertinggi pada klasifikasi "Pemilu Damai" dengan 97.3%, "Hak Angket" dengan 96.5%, dan "Pemilu Curang" dengan 94.0%.
Methodology for Estimating the Basic Reproductive Number of Current Variants of the Virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Gerasimov A. N. , Voronin E. M. , Melnichenko I. R. , Beregovykh R. M. , Khafizov K. F. , Briko N. I. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. The high infectivity and mutagenicity of SARS-CoV-2, combined with the relative short duration of the immune response, means that the problem of controlling the incidence of COVID-19 will continue to be relevant. Aims. To plan anti-epidemic measures, you need to know the quantitative value of the basic reproductive number (R0), however, the available methods for estimating the R0 made it possible to estimate it only for the initial version of SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, the task was set to develop a method for estimating R0 for current pathogen variants based on the rate of change from one variant to another, including both viruses and bacteria. Materials and methods. A modification of the SIR model for two variants of SARS-CoV-2 and actual data on the incidence of COVID-19 and the results of sequencing the virus SARS-CoV-2 isolated in Moscow are used. Results. It was found that for the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant R0 was about 10, and for the current Omicron variants it exceeds 30. Discussion. In contrast to existing methods, the proposed method allows one to estimate R0 in the context of anti-epidemic measures, as well as by the dynamics of morbidity in a population with a collective immune status, taking into account the typical structure of the circulating SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. The proposed method makes it possible to estimate the change in the basic reproductive number of the SARS-CoV-2 based on the rate of displacement of one variant by another
Physical and Chemical Inactivators Evaluation for the Puumala Virus Vaccine Technology Development
Authors: Kurashova S. S. , Egorova M. S. , Balovneva M. V. , Vetrova A. N. , Balkina A. S. , Teodorovich R. D. , Petrov V. G. , Dzagurova T. K. , Tkachenko E. A.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is leading among natural focal human diseases in Russia, the causative agents of which - orthohantaviruses - belong to the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae. More than 98% of HFRS cases in Russia are caused by the Puumala virus. It is a serious zoonosis for which there is still no specific treatment. The WHO has not approved a vaccine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of formaldehyde, β-propiolactone, hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet rays, gamma irradiation and thermal inactivation on the immunogenic activity of inactivated vaccine preparations against HFRS Materials and methods. To achieve this aim, experimental vaccine preparations based on the PUU-TKD/VERO strain of Puumala virus were prepared and inactivated using the methods described above. The time intervals required for complete inactivation of the virus were determined, and the effects of the inactivators on viral RNA and immunogenic activity of the vaccine preparations were evaluated in BALB/c mouse and Syrian hamster models. Results. According to our results, vaccine preparations inactivated by different chemical and physical methods, which differ significantly in the mechanism of the mechanism of interaction with the virus, show no significant differences in immunogenic activity, except for thermal inactivation. Conclusion. A certain advantage of β-propiolactone is the short virus inactivation time, its complete degradation into non-toxic compounds within a few hours, and the reduction of total protein content after sterilization filtration, which is probably due to less aggregation of virus particles and cellular proteins
Applied and Theoretical Aspects of the Ecology of Pathogens of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Tkachenko E. A. , Dzagurova T. K. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Kolyasnikova N. M. , Popova Yu. V. , Teodorovich R. D. , Vorovich M. F. , Kurashova S. S. , Tkachenko P. E. , Balkina A. S. , Belyakova A. V. , Ishmukhametov A. A.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the most common natural focal diseases of viral etiology In Russia. The medical and social significance of these two infections is determined by the extensive fociof their spread, high annual morbidity rates in the population, and the possibility of developing severe forms of the disease leading to permanent disability and death. The causative agents of HFRS In Russia are 6 types of hantaviruses Hantaan, Amur, Seoul, Puumala, Kurkino and Sochi, which, immunologically and genetically significantly different from each other, support their existence in nature through six different species of small mammals, which are sources of infection in humans. TBE virus strains that cause disease in humans belong to five phylogenetically distinct subtypes, including: Far Eastern, European, Siberian, “178-79” and Baikal. Aim. Analysis of the role of small mammals and ticks in the ecology of HFRS and TBE pathogens. Conclusions. Small mammals retain and transmit hantaviruses to uninfected animals and ticks. At the same time, ticks retain and transmit to ticks and mammals not only the TBE virus, but also hantaviruses. Despite the taxonomic difference between the viruses that cause HFRS and TBE, some of their ecological properties are similar.
Role of China in Saudi-Iran Normalization: The Case of Soft Power
Authors: Mehmood Chaudhri Shahid , Ahmed Aftab , Karim Asia
Published: September 2024

Saudi Arabia is considered the head of the Muslim Ummah due to its affiliations with the two most holy places of the Muslim world. The country in the Middle East is also widely popular due to its oil reserves and its active role in world politics. Recently, the state developed some diplomatic tensions with another Muslim state i.e. Islamic Republic of Iran. Several states have played a crucial role in normalizing the relations and conflict resolution including Pakistan, Iraq, China, etc. This paper highlights the role of China in normalizing the turmoil using soft power and providing a good office. China besides establishing regional stability and focusing on its Foreign Policy and its economic interests with the major oil exporters. Also, the global projects of China, including BRI, and CPEC could be influenced by the global tensions it is therefore crucial for China to maintain its own national interests.
Minimally invasive robot-assisted direct pars repair: illustrative cases
Authors: Stewart Jeffrey J , Zhao David Y , Pivazyan Gnel , Gensler Ryan , Voyadzis Jean-Marc
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Robot-assisted techniques are increasingly integrated into the field of spine surgery, with the potential benefits of increased accuracy and reduced radiation exposure. The objective of this study was to describe the technique of minimally invasive robot-assisted direct pars repair with 2 case illustrations.

OBSERVATIONS

An 18-year-old male and a 42-year-old male, both with bilateral L5 spondylolysis, underwent successful minimally invasive L5 direct pars repairs with robotic assistance after conservative measures failed, and their cases are presented herein.

LESSONS

A robot-assisted direct pars repair is a safe and effective technique for treating bilateral lumbar spondylolysis. The integration of robot-assisted techniques in spine surgery has the potential to improve outcomes, decrease surgical time, and reduce the amount of radiation exposure to operating room staff.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2415
Persistent trigeminal artery aneurysm rupture inducing a carotid-cavernous fistula: its presentation and management. Illustrative case
Authors: Silveira Luke A , Delahmetovic Elnur , Bounajem Michael , Thakrar Raj , Ducis Katrina , Raymond Scott , Liebelt Brandon
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

A carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a well-recognized entity resulting from an abnormal connection between the internal carotid artery (ICA) or external carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Typical CCF symptomology includes proptosis, chemosis, orbital bruit, headache, facial pain, and cranial nerve (CN) palsies. While CCFs most often occur posttraumatically, they can also occur spontaneously, secondary to cavernous ICA aneurysm rupture. Very rarely, they can occur secondary to the rupture of an anomalous persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) aneurysm.

OBSERVATIONS

Herein, the authors describe the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with a CN VI palsy and headache due to a CCF secondary to a PTA aneurysm rupture. The CCF was ultimately treated via coil embolization of the aneurysm and the parent PTA vessel.

LESSONS

Though such occurrences are rare, clinicians should be vigilant in assessing for the presence of a PTA in patients with a CCF, as a PTA-associated CCF requires unique treatment considerations. In some cases where the PTA plays a crucial role in the posterior circulation supply, preservation of the parent vessel PTA is crucial. However, in cases in which an adequate posterior circulation collateral supply exists, embolization of the aneurysm and the parent vessel PTA is a reasonable treatment option for fistula closure.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24287
Local Councils' Electoral reform in Palestine: Challenges, Gaps and Scenarios
Authors: Alawneh Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

The endeavour to develop the legal framework governing electoral processes is necessary for electoral operations to meet the aspirations of the concerned parties, most notably the voters. To achieve this, the reform process must be guided by key objectives, including enhancing the electoral rights of citizens and institutionalizing guiding principles such as neutrality, inclusivity, transparency, integrity, accuracy and making the electoral process smoother and more efficient. However, in practice, the reform process may turn into opportunistic changes—which decision makers may utilize to strengthen their chances of accessing power, thereby leading to unintended consequences. Therefore, to mitigate these risks, it is advisable for neutral parties to propose electoral reforms based on objective and technical assessments aimed at achieving the aforementioned goals. In the context of promoting this type of approach, International IDEA has supported several electoral reform initiatives, the most important of which was an initiative led by the Central Electoral Commission-Palestine (CEC-Palestine). This initiative involved assessing the regulatory framework for local council elections, which entailed a comprehensive analysis of all aspects related to local elections and offering proposals for electoral reform. This report was presented in early August 2023 to various stakeholders involved in the electoral process in Palestine, with the hope of continuing the discussion on electoral issues requiring reform. However, this process came to a halt after 7 October 2023.
Method for Controlling Dispersion in Order to Maintain a Quasi-Soliton Pulse Propagation Mode in High-Speed Fiber-Optic Communications System
Authors: Bylina M. S. , Glagolev S. F. , Dotsenko S. E.
Published: September 2024

Relevance: Every year, there is an increasing need to enhance the bandwidth and range of fiber-optic communication systems. The study of methods to control dispersion is relevant and helps maintain a quasi-soliton regime, which is essential for ensuring high-speed, reliable data transmission. Conducted modeling and calculations make this research practical and applicable. This will enable engineers to accurately predict the system's behavior and optimize its performance before implementing it in real-world networks.

Problem statement: Investigation of the processes of maintaining a quasi-soliton regime in fibers with decreasing chromatic dispersion and alternating fibers with different signs of chromatic dispersion, both with and without initial chirping.

Goal of the work: The development and analysis of techniques to control dispersion in order to maintain a quasi-soliton mode of light propagation in single-mode optical fibers.

Methods: The study of the processes of maintaining a quasi-soliton regime was carried out by mathematical and numerical modeling. To substantiate the methods, theoretical analysis and calculations were carried out and schemes for a quasi-soliton fiber-optic communication system were developed and modeling was carried out.

Result: The analysis of the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method and showed the efficiency and stability of the solutions in conditions that were close to real-world scenarios.

Novelty: Models for maintaining a quasi-soliton regime and methods for studying them have been developed. The most effective ways to preserve quasi-soliton pulses over long distances have been analyzed.

Practical significance: The developed models and research methods can be applied in the educational process and the development of real fiber-optic communication systems.
A set of Models for Device Positioning in Sixth Generation Networks. Part 1. Methods Survey and Problem Statement
Authors: Fokin G. A.
Published: September 2024

Relevance. Today, terahertz radio systems are considered as a technological basis for integrating methods and means of radio communication and radar in promising sixth-generation networks. If in 4G LTE networks the capabilities of positioning user equipment using the infrastructure of base stations were considered as auxiliary options, then in 5G NR networks, location determination technologies (LDTs) have become full-fledged services, the requirements for which are specified along with communication services. A new trend in positioning in 5G NR networks, compared to 4G LTE networks, has become a single-position assessment of the coordinates and orientation of the user equipment based on signals from a single base station with the ability to distinguish between direct and reflected signals. 6G networks are still in their infancy, but it can already be stated that they mark the next stage in the evolution of digital ecosystems, which is characterized by the convergence of communication technologies, localization and sensing of radio air and the surrounding space by radio engineering means.

Purpose. This work opens a research cycle devoted to the review of models, methods and algorithms for positioning devices in 6G networks. The goal of the cycle is to find and justify new radio engineering means for achieving decimeter accuracy in 6G device coordinate estimates. The first part of the cycle provides an overview of the methods and formalization of the model for collecting primary measurements.

Method is an analytical review of the state of the problem based on current scientific publications, conceptual modeling, categorical approach, expert combination, comparative analysis, formalization, mathematical and simulation modeling.

Results. As a result of the review of device positioning methods during the transition to 6G networks, key performance indicators and LDT scenarios are updated. As a result of the comparative analysis of 5G and 6G networks, new factors, advantages and disadvantages of positioning technologies during the transition from millimeter wave networks to terahertz networks are systematized. A formalized mathematical model for collecting primary measurements is used in the simulation model for assessing the accuracy of device positioning in the second part of the cycle.

Novelty. This cycle is the first such study in the Russian scientific segment on network positioning of the sixth generation of the terahertz range, in which the author's version provides an overview of methods and a systematization of a set of new factors of the OMP in communication networks.

The theoretical significance of the review-analysis lies in the establishment of both technological obstacles and new opportunities for increasing positioning accuracy during the transition to 6G networks.

The practical significance of the formalized mathematical model lies in its subsequent software implementation for numerical justification of the limits of positioning accuracy in 6G networks.
A Frequency-Domain Criterion for the Quadratic Stability of Discrete-Time Systems with Switching between Three Linear Subsystems
Authors:   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Kamenetskiy V. A.
Published: September 2024

Connected systems with switching between three linear discrete-time subsystems are considered, and a new frequency-domain criterion for the existence of a quadratic Lyapunov function ensuring the stability of such systems under arbitrary switching is proposed. The application of this criterion is demonstrated on an example of a third-order system.
On some nominations of children in the history of Russian and Chinese languages
Authors: Wenjuan Wang
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the history of children’s nominations in Russian and Chinese languages. The difference of time range of factual materials used in the article is due to the particularity of the historical development and the fixation of Russian and Chinese languages. The process reveals a serious typological similarity. This is manifested in the possibility of the formation of a large number of nominations from a small number of ancient roots, stability and preservation of the root material, and also in the fact that the semantics of lexemes in both languages can pass through the same stages of their evolution. The meanings of both languages may contain such semantic components as “slave”, “servant, worker”. There are also differences in semantic development between languages. In Russian, the semantics evolve in the direction of age: “child” “young man”. In Chinese, the process can go in the opposite direction-from naming adults to naming children.
On some cases of phrasemal derivation of nouns in language and speech of the second half of the 19th century (based on epistolary texts of russian writers)
Authors: Zakharova Yuliya G.
Published: September 2024

The article explores the phenomenon of phrasal derivation in the second half of the 19th century based on the letters of A. I. Herzen, I. S. Turgenev, A. P. Chekhov, as well as other sources. We provide a definition of the phraseoderivational (multi-level) nest concept — an intersystem formation that includes a phraseological unit and its lexical derivatives, created in different ways and ordered by the relations of formal-semantic derivation at a certain period of time. The basis of the semantic unity of such a nest is a common meaning condensed in the original phraseological unit, while the basis of structural unity is the presence of at least one component (the basis of the component) of the generating phraseological unit in all derivatives. We consider 1) the phenomenon of lexical-phraseological condensation (implication of a component) in phraseological units with the reference word khoduli, Lazar’, and also trace the formation of derivatives in connection with the formation of a new meaning of the noun; 2) a method of agglutination of components of qualitative-adverbial phraseological units with suffixation (based on combinations bez pardona, ot sebya); 3) an occasional method of adding bases (components of phraseological units and affixoids).
Como a organização do sistema prisional influencia na taxa de ressocialização
Authors: Ramos Fonseca Rafaela , Almeida Pires Ana Beatriz , Cassiano Alves Geovana , Mello Silva Vitoria , Azevedo Hosken Isabela , Carvalho Ferreira Emanuelle
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar as infrações aos direitos básicos do indivíduo, comparando os sistemas brasileiro e noruegues, além de colocar em pauta a ressocialização e as condições encontradas pelos presos dentro do sistema carcerário. A metodologia adotada irá compreender a investigação por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Quanto às principais conclusões, percebe-se que a Noruega utiliza uma abordagem humanizada, proporcionando educação, apoio psicológico e oportunidades de reintegração para os presos, mas o Brasil enfrenta desafios graves, como superlotação e infraestrutura inadequada. Ademais, a ausência de investimento em programas de reabilitação e o foco na punição no sistema prisional brasileiro contribuem para a alta taxa de reincidência e as baixas taxas de reincidência na Noruega são resultado do enfoque na reabilitação e reintegração dos detentos.
Remissão
Authors: Ana Clara Nogueira Rezende Ana Clara Nogueira Rezende , Larissa Fernandes de Oliveira Assis Larissa Fernandes de Oliveira Assis , Marina Rezende Monteiro Marina Rezende Monteiro , Thaís Cardoso Navarro Thaís Cardoso Navarro
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal discorrer sobre a importância da remição na ressocialização do condenado, direito previsto na Lei de Execuções Penais (LEP), que possibilita a redução do tempo de cumprimento da pena através da realização de atividades educacionais e laborais pelo detento, além é claro, da prática de leitura de livros, fomentando a adoção de novas atividades lícitas e reconstrutoras da dignidade e cidadania do apenado. A fim de discorrer sobre o tema, a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho consta de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, sobre doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, além de artigos científicos e livros de viés sociológico aplicado ao Direito, para que além de uma leitura das regras previstas quando abordada a remição, possa-se compreender de forma abrangente esse instituto e como ele se consolida como uma das principais ferramentas da construção da dignidade humana no ambiente do cárcere. Desta forma, conclui-se que, através da remição prevista no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, há uma maior efetividade do objetivo da ressocialização do apenado, que é explicitamente um dos fins da aplicação da pena privativa de liberdade, o aprisionamento do condenado. Muito fala-se em privar os indivíduos da convivência em sociedade quando do cometimento de um crime, mas pouco é feito ou sequer pensado sobre o processo de ressocialização e como resgatar o indivíduo da prática delituosa, concedendo a ele seu pleno estado de dignidade humana. Por isso então a remição é abordada em seu caráter primordial como instrumento de valorização da dignidade humana no cárcere, pois através de um benefício de redução do tempo de pena, estimula o início de um processo de redescoberta do ser humano aprisionado em seu imenso potencial de crescimento e desenvolvimento.
Practical experience of installing an artificial base for industrial floors
Authors: MALYSHEV Oleg , MIROSHNYCHENKO Anton
Published: September 2024

The installation of artificial foundations for industrial buildings and constructions (industrial floors) is becoming more and more relevant in modern construction, as the number of satisfactory sites for development is decreasing, territories with complex geological and hydrogeological conditions are increasingly being used. A high-quality installation of an artificial base should ensure the durability, strength and stability of the structure.
When preparing the site and arranging the artificial base, it is necessary to take into account such important factors as the type of soil, the level of groundwater, the expected load on the floor and the type of floor covering. Compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, the use of quality materials and professional execution of work are critical for the successful construction of industrial floors.
As part of the study, an overview and detailed description of the process of installing an artificial base for industrial floors was carried out on the example of a real construction, a warehouse complex with an area of 35,000 m² in the south-western outskirts of the city of Kyiv.
The article highlights that the foundation installation process includes two main stages: site preparation and creation of artificial foundation layers.
The preparation of the site includes cleaning and planning of the territory, removing and removing the fertile layer of soil, conducting engineering and geological studies and implementing measures for the engineering protection of the territory.
The arrangement of the artificial base includes the compaction of the existing soil layers, the creation of new artificial base layers and their mechanical compaction in combination with the reinforcement of the layers with geosynthetics materials (geogrids).
This study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to site preparation and artificial base installation, which allows for reliable and long-term operation of industrial floors, minimizing the risks of deformation and damage.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of short piles as part of a columnar pile foundation
Authors: MAEVSKA Irina , BLASHCHUK Natalya , SHMUNDYAK Oleksandr
Published: September 2024

The realization of the operation of the grid and piles as a part of the columnar pile foundation, depending on the length of the piles, the method of arranging the piles, the distance between the piles and the type of soil with a constant number of piles, has been studied. The degree of implementation of the load-bearing capacity of the piles and the degree of implementation of the grid work as part of the pile foundation were analyzed. To solve the tasks set in this work, mathematical modeling by the finite element method of the joint operation of the pile foundation elements with the soil base and the separate operation of the pile and grid as a shallow foundation was performed in the "Plaxis 3D Foundation" software complex. It was established that the implementation of the load-bearing capacity of piles in the composition of the foundation with a large distance between the piles is much better. The length of the piles also affects the degree of their implementation. When the length increases, the bearing capacity of the piles is realized less. The greatest implementation of the load-bearing capacity of piles in the composition of the foundation is observed for short piles. The realization of the pressure under the sole of the grid with an increase in the pitch of the piles also improves, the realization of the load-bearing capacity of the grid is from 8 to 50%, which allows to raise the load-bearing capacity of the foundation. For sandy and clay soils, the nature of the redistribution of forces between the elements of the columnar pile foundation is similar. For foundations made of drilled piles, the degree of realization of pressure under the sole of the grate, as well as the degree of realization of the load-bearing capacity of the piles, is higher than for foundations made of driven piles. The guiding factor is the length of the piles.
The economic efficiency of the transition in homogeneous soils from a bush made of long piles with a standard minimum step to a bush made of short piles with an increased distance between the piles was investigated. By taking into account the joint operation of piles and grid, a bush made of short piles with larger dimensions of the grid provides the same bearing capacity as a bush made of long piles with a compact grid.
Despite the significant increase in the volume of concrete grating and the number of fittings with an increase in the pitch of the piles, cost savings on the cost of piles provide an economic effect of using bushes from short piles with wide gratings up to 35%.
Resultados de la encuesta de percepción sobre el uso de los instrumentos, para los pagos habituales en Colombia - 2024
Authors:   Departamento de Seguimiento a la Infraestructura Financiera DSIF
Published: September 2024

Cada dos años el Banco de la República (Banrep) realiza la Encuesta nacional sobre provisión de los billetes y monedas e instrumentos de pago (Epbmip), cuyo propósito principal es conocer la percepción de las personas naturales (público general) y jurídicas (comerciantes) con respecto a la provisión del efectivo (monedas y billetes) en la economía. El Departamento de Seguimiento a la Infraestructura Financiera (DSIF) del Banrep incorpora en un módulo de esta encuesta una serie de preguntas dirigidas a examinar aspectos relacionados con las preferencias de dicha población frente al uso de instrumentos de pago (efectivo, transferencias, tarjetas y cheques), cuando realiza la compra de bienes y servicios habituales mensuales, es decir, los pagos relacionados con la compra de alimentos, bebidas, vestuario y pagos por servicios públicos, así como los de transporte y vivienda. De esta forma, las mediciones que se capturan en este módulo de la encuesta no incluyen los pagos relativos a bienes y servicios suntuarios, durables ni los generados en el mercado de activos financieros (i. e.: el pago por electrodomésticos, vehículos, obligaciones financieras diferentes a créditos hipotecarios, o compra de acciones o títulos de deuda pública). Las preguntas de la encuesta sobre el uso y aceptación de instrumentos de pago han sido el mecanismo para identificar cómo ha evolucionado el uso del efectivo durante la última década (desde 2012), lo cual ha permitido superar los límites que impone su baja trazabilidad, pues no dispone, a diferencia de los instrumentos electrónicos (tarjetas débito y crédito, cheques y transferencias), del registro de las operaciones que con este se liquidan. Los resultados que se presentan en este informe corresponden a la sexta encuesta, aplicada entre octubre y noviembre de 2023. Esta información, tanto para el público en general como para el comercio, permite calcular el porcentaje de uso del efectivo respecto a los otros instrumentos y las razones de su preferencia en los pagos habituales. También hace posible identificar el acceso y uso a otros instrumentos de pago, así como la caracterización demográfica de la población que los emplea (edad, estrato, nivel de ingresos, nivel educativo, aporte a la seguridad social, entre otros).
China's Western region development program and its political and economic influence on Kazakhstan
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies named after R.B. Suleimenov, Masimkhanuly D. , Zhomart E. ,   Institute of Oriental Studies named after R.B. Suleimenov, Kadyl T. ,   Institute of Oriental Studies named after R.B. Suleimenov
Published: September 2024

The article will pay special attention to the so-called Western region of China and will also highlight the reasons for the emergence of the strategic plan for the development of the Western region, the conditions for its implementation and its impact on the minorities of the Western region. Also, within the framework of the program of the Western Region of China, we are talking about the political, socio-economic situation of the population of the Western region, China's strategic plan of international importance “One Belt, One Road”. The purpose of the work is to analyze the causes and implementation of the plan for China's development of the Western region, which turned out to be too mysterious for us, to analyze its policy from the point of view of national and state interests, as well as to analyze the impact of this plan on Kazakhstan.
Mothers as nation-building agents in Kazakhstan: the effect of neoliberalism
Authors:   Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Kovyazina K.T.
Published: September 2024

With one-third of the population being children, Kazakhstan is a young state that now has a life-turning moment. High share of children may be both a curse and an opportunity for the country to strive and flourish, and it depends highly on the interaction of the many actors that influence development of children. In Kazakhstan, traditional perception of gender roles in family led to the disbalanced and increased role of mothers in raising children, and, thus, making them the primary and the main agents of national code and values transmission. Simultaneously, global neoliberalization of all spheres of life led to the responsibilization of mothers not only for moral upbringing, but also for most of strategically important decisions that shape their future lives. Eventually, it is mothers who create and define the new citizens. In my study, I focused on 3 generations of mothers in 3 families to see the transforming perceptions of their role in nation-building processes, what values they believe necessary for developing in their children, how neoliberalism affected their engagement in the children’s lives, and whether social class has an influence on nation-building in Kazakhstan. The results showed that the perception of a mother’s role is changing through generations, and now raising children is considered totally a private matter. Mothers of the last generation are primary and only decision-makers about their kids – sometimes sharing this only with their husband. This may be beneficial for government in short terms, because such mothers don’t expect any support from state, but in the long run this may lead to the decreased sense of belonging to a country in their children.
Internet heuristics in the English language course for junior medical students
Authors:   Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Kolyshevskaya Elena Yu. , Kravtsova Victoria V. ,   Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Kashina Tatiana L. ,   Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Teaching of modern Internet heuristics to medical students is presented in fragments or in demand at late stages of training (graduate or postgraduate course of specialization). The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the heuristic method of teaching in the educational work with professional authentic Internet materials in English for undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods. The present study was conducted in three stages (February – April 2024) and is based on experimental work made in September 2022 – June 2023 [36]. The entrance survey of students to test the null hypothesis (H0) was conducted using the Anketolog Online Survey Platform. To check the impact of factor α, a univariate analysis was performed in MS Excel. The final questionnaire to test the alternative hypothesis (H1) was conducted using the WebAsk Online Survey Service. The data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 23.0). The comparative analysis method was used to develop the necessary professional content of the course. The study involved 80 junior medical students (1st and 2nd year) of English language proficiency level from Elementary (A1) to Pre-Intermediate (A2). Results. It was found that school English-language training does not affect the choice and motivation of medical students of the elementary and threshold levels of English proficiency in studying the professional Internet materials (F = 1.27, p>0.05) The distribution of answers regarding the evaluation of the conducted practical work with professional Internet materials is 40% in favor of training in the skills of working with scientific databases of articles on medical topics, 25% – training in the basics of writing professional texts (articles and abstracts) on medical topics, 20% in favor of training in critical thinking skills in working with professional materials, 15% – training in time management when working with information and correlates between all the studied groups. The obtained data served as a basis for the development of thematic sections of the educational discipline “Introduction to Internet information heuristics”. Conclusion. The results of the experimental study and the design for the academic discipline "Introduction to Internet Information heuristics" developed on their basis contribute to ensuring the level training of medical students in terms of developing skills in working with professional materials in English and allows them to master modern heuristic methods of working with information that are in demand in clinical practice.