bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Droop control-based fast frequency support of wind power generation integrated grid-forming VSC-HVDC system
Authors: Chen Qian , Shi Gang , Lu Yi , Qiu Peng , Zhou Jianqiao , Yang Renxin , Zhang Jianwen
Published: July 2024

Current researches mainly focus on the participation of wind farms in primary frequency regulation, including overspeed load shedding control, propeller control and their coordinated control, etc. The frequency support is realized by reserving reserve capacity of wind turbines, but the influence of the dynamic characteristics of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on the overall frequency regulation characteristics of wind turbines during frequency support is ignored. To this end, firstly, the frequency response model of the system is constructed, and the main factors that affect the frequency dynamic characteristics are revealed. Secondly, the principle of the grid-forming VSC with the function of self-inertial synchronization is introduced, the influence of the dynamic characteristics of MPPT on the frequency regulation characteristics of the wind turbine generator is clarified. Finally, based on the PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software platform, the influence of the dynamic characteristics of MPPT on the frequency regulation characteristics are verified by combining the inertia self-synchronous network control technology. The simulation results indicate that with the increase of setting of droop control, the decrease of output power of MPPT becomes large so as to weaken the frequency support capability.
A review of typical water pollution control and cost-benefit analysis in China
Authors: Feng Shicheng , Wang Weimin , Huang Renliang , Su Rongxin
Published: July 2024

This study summarized and evaluated the cost-benefit analysis methods for typical water environment pollution control measures in China. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of these measures, whose advantages and disadvantages were examined, so the application models and characteristics can be delved into. Through integrating methods and analyzing application cases, we refined a combination of measures with high efficiency and low cost in controlling China’s water environment. In our analysis of cost-benefit, we emphasized the importance of implementing scientifically designed control measures and employing rigorous methods to addressing water environment pollution. In order to achieve rapid response and efficient treatment of China’s environmental problems, we advocated for establishing a cross regional pollution control mechanism. That is, the collaborative platform and scientific suggestions for all participants in this field should be provided, through interdisciplinary integration, development of domestic models, and expansion of databases.
Multi-omics evaluation of the prognostic value and immune signature of FCN1 in pan-cancer and its relationship with proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhong Fangfang , Song Lijun , li Hao , Liu Jing , Liu Chunyan , Guo Qulian , Liu Wenjun
Published: July 2024

Background

The FCN1 gene encodes the ficolin-1 protein, implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, though its precise role in tumorigenesis remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance, immune signature, and treatment response associated with FCN1 across diverse cancer types.

Methods

Employing multi-omics data, we conducted a comprehensive assessment, encompassing tissue-specific and single-cell-specific expression disparities, pan-cancer expression patterns, epigenetic modifications affecting FCN1 expression, and the immune microenvironment. Our investigation primarily focused on the clinical prognostic attributes, immune profiles, potential molecular mechanisms, and candidate therapeutic agents concerning FCN1 and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed to scrutinize the impact of FCN1 knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle dynamics within the AML cell line U937 and NB4.

Results

FCN1 expression exhibits widespread dysregulation across various cancers. Through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, FCN1 has been identified as an independent prognostic indicator for AML. Immunological investigations elucidate FCN1’s involvement in modulating inflammatory responses within the tumor microenvironment and its correlation with treatment efficacy. Remarkably, the deletion of FCN1 influences the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle dynamics of U937 cells and NB4 cells.

Conclusion

These findings underscore FCN1 as a promising pan-cancer biomarker indicative of macrophage infiltration, intimately linked with the tumor microenvironment and treatment responsiveness, and pivotal for cellular mechanisms within AML cell lines.
Multi-omics analysis of overexpressed tumor-associated proteins: gene expression, immunopeptide presentation, and antibody response in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, with a focus on cancer-testis antigens
Authors: Abou Kors Tsima , Meier Matthias , Mühlenbruch Lena , Betzler Annika C. , Oliveri Franziska , Bens Martin , Thomas Jaya , Kraus Johann M. , Doescher Johannes , von Witzleben Adrian , Hofmann Linda , Ezic Jasmin , Huber Diana , Benckendorff Julian , Barth Thomas F. E. , Greve Jens , Schuler Patrick J. , Brunner Cornelia , Blackburn Jonathan M. , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Ottensmeier Christian , Kestler Hans A. , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Walz Juliane S. , Laban Simon
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA) is essential for inducing specific immune responses to cancer by presenting tumor-associated peptides (TAP) to T cells. Overexpressed tumor associated antigens, mainly cancer-testis antigens (CTA), are outlined as essential targets for immunotherapy in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). This study assessed the degree to which presentation, gene expression, and antibody response (AR) of TAP, mainly CTA, are correlated in OPSCC patients to evaluate their potential as immunotherapy targets.

Materials and methods

Snap-frozen tumor (NLigand/RNA=40), healthy mucosa (NRNA=6), and healthy tonsils (NLigand=5) samples were obtained. RNA-Seq was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2500/NovaSeq 6000 and whole exome sequencing (WES) utilizing NextSeq500. HLA ligands were isolated from tumor tissue using immunoaffinity purification, UHPLC, and analyzed by tandem MS. Antibodies were measured in serum (NAb=27) utilizing the KREX™ CT262 protein array. Data analysis focused on 312 proteins (KREX™ CT262 panel + overexpressed self-proteins).

Results

183 and 94 of HLA class I and II TAP were identified by comparative profiling with healthy tonsils. Genes from 26 TAP were overexpressed in tumors compared to healthy mucosa (LFC>1; FDR<0.05). Low concordance (r=0.25; p<0.0001) was found between upregulated mRNA and class I TAP. The specific mode of correlation of TAP was found to be dependent on clinical parameters. A lack of correlation was observed both between mRNA and class II TAP, as well as between class II tumor-unique TAP (TAP-U) presentation and antibody response (AR) levels.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that focusing exclusively on gene transcript levels fails to capture the full extent of TAP presentation in OPSCC. Furthermore, our findings reveal that although CTA are presented at relatively low levels, a few CTA TAP-U show potential as targets for immunotherapy.
Efgartigimod as a promising add-on therapy for myasthenic crisis: a prospective case series
Authors: Song Jie , Wang Haiyan , Huan Xiao , Jiang Qilong , Wu Zongtai , Yan Chong , Xi Jianying , Zhao Chongbo , Feng Huiyu , Luo Sushan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Efgartigimod is effective and well-tolerated in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the therapeutic potential and the safety profile of efgartigimod in myasthenic crisis (MC) remained largely unknown.

Methods

This is an observational, prospective, multicenter, real-world study to follow 2 MC patients who initiated efgartigimod as a first-line rescue therapy and 8 cases who used it as an add-on therapy. Baseline demographic features and immunotherapies were collected, and the MG-activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scale was evaluated every week since efgartigimod treatment for 8 weeks. Additionally, serum IgG and anti-AChR antibody levels and the peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes were measured before and after one cycle of treatment.

Results

Ten patients with MC were enrolled in the study, including 9 anti-AChR antibody positive and 1 anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) positive. All patients were successfully weaned from the ventilation after receiving efgartigimod treatment, with a length of 10.44 ± 4.30 days. After one cycle of infusions, the MG-ADL score reduced from 15.6 ± 4.4 at the baseline to 3.4 ± 2.2, while the corticosteroid dose was tapered from 55.0 ± 20.7 mg to 26.0 ± 14.1 mg. The proportions of regulatory T cells and naïve T cells (% in CD4+ T) significantly decreased post-efgartigimod treatment (5.48 ± 1.23 vs. 6.90 ± 1.80, P=0.0313, and 34.98 ± 6.47 vs. 43.68 ± 6.54, P=0.0313, respectively).

Conclusion

These findings validated the rapid action of efgartigimod in facilitating the weaning process with a good safety profile in patients with MC.
Association between endometriosis and arthritis: results from NHANES 1999-2006, genetic correlation analysis, and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Huanying , Zou Haoxi , Wen Qidan , Xing Xiaoyan , Xu Ningning , Wu Suzhen
Published: July 2024

Background

Previous studies reported that endometriosis may have a higher risk of arthritis. However, it remains unclear whether the association between endometriosis and arthritis has genetic correlations, or the relationship is causal. Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses use genetic variation as a natural experiment to explore genetic correlations and causal inferences from observational data, reducing unmeasured confounding factors.

Method

Participants (aged 20-54 years, n = 2,915) for the cross-sectional study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Endometriosis and arthritis were diagnosed based on self-reported by reproductive health and medical condition questionnaire. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between endometriosis and arthritis. LDSC and MR analysis were performed using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to identify the causal association.

Result

A significant positive association between endometriosis and arthritis was found after multivariable adjustment (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.67). When exploring different types of arthritis, a positive association was revealed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), other types of arthritis, and cases that the arthritis type were unknown, with an OR of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 4.17), 2.78 (95% CI: 1.30, 5.95), and 2.06 (95% CI: 1.36, 3.11), respectively. However, genetic correlation analysis between endometriosis and RA did not reveal any significant findings (all P values > 0.05). Moreover, MR analysis also failed to identify a causal relationship between endometriosis and RA (all P values > 0.05).

Conclusion

Cross-sectional study identified a significant positive association between endometriosis and arthritis among US women, especially among RA, while findings based on LDSC and MR analysis did not support a genetic correlation or causal role. These findings suggest that clinicians should pay more attention to the coexistence of RA in endometriosis patients and explore the shared pathophysiological mechanisms of these two disorders, with a particular focus on extrinsic factors rather than intrinsic genetic inheritance.
Identification of diagnostic genes and drug prediction in metabolic syndrome-associated rheumatoid arthritis by integrated bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and molecular docking
Authors: Huang Yifan , Yue Songkai , Qiao Jinhan , Dong Yonghui , Liu Yunke , Zhang Meng , Zhang Cheng , Chen Chuanliang , Tang Yuqin , Zheng Jia
Published: July 2024

Background

Interactions between the immune and metabolic systems may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome-associated rheumatoid arthritis (MetS-RA). The purpose of this study was to discover candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of RA patients who also had MetS.

Methods

Three RA datasets and one MetS dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithms including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and Random Forest (RF) were employed to identify hub genes in MetS-RA. Enrichment analysis was used to explore underlying common pathways between MetS and RA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to assess the diagnostic performance of nomogram constructed based on hub genes. Protein−protein interaction, Connectivity Map (CMap) analyses, and molecular docking were utilized to predict the potential small molecule compounds for MetS-RA treatment. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of hub genes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of MetS-RA. The effects of small molecule compounds on the function of RA-FLS were evaluated by wound-healing assays and angiogenesis experiments. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to explore immune cell infiltration in MetS and RA.

Results

MetS-RA key genes were mainly enriched in immune cell-related signaling pathways and immune-related processes. Two hub genes (TYK2 and TRAF2) were selected as candidate biomarkers for developing nomogram with ideal diagnostic performance through machine learning and proved to have a high diagnostic value (area under the curve, TYK2, 0.92; TRAF2, 0.90). qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of TYK2 and TRAF2 in MetS-RA-FLS was significantly higher than that in non-MetS-RA-FLS (nMetS-RA-FLS). The combination of CMap analysis and molecular docking predicted camptothecin (CPT) as a potential drug for MetS-RA treatment. In vitro validation, CPT was observed to suppress the cell migration capacity and angiogenesis capacity of MetS-RA-FLS. Immune cell infiltration results revealed immune dysregulation in MetS and RA.

Conclusion

Two hub genes were identified in MetS-RA, a nomogram for the diagnosis of RA and MetS was established based on them, and a potential therapeutic small molecule compound for MetS-RA was predicted, which offered a novel research perspective for future serum−based diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of MetS-RA.
Lower incidence of grade II-IV acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease in pediatric patients recovering with high Vδ2+ T cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with unmanipulated bone marrow grafts: a prospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Müller Thilo , Alasfar Lina , Preuß Friederike , Zimmermann Lisa , Streitz Mathias , Hundsdörfer Patrick , Eggert Angelika , Schulte Johannes , von Stackelberg Arend , Oevermann Lena
Published: July 2024

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells represent a minor fraction of human T cell repertoire but play an important role in mediating anti-infectious and anti-tumorous effects in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We performed a prospective study to analyze the effect of different transplant modalities on immune reconstitution of γδ T cells and subsets. CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cells were analyzed in parallel. Secondly, we examined the impact of γδ T cell reconstitution on clinical outcomes including acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGvHD) and viral infections. Our cohort includes 49 pediatric patients who received unmanipulated bone marrow grafts from matched unrelated (MUD) or matched related (MRD) donors. The cohort includes patients with malignant as well as non-malignant diseases. Cell counts were measured using flow cytometry at 15, 30, 60, 100, 180 and 240 days after transplantation. Cells were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45, TCRαβ, TCRγδ, TCRVδ1, TCRVδ2, HLA-DR and combinations. Patients with a MRD showed significantly higher Vδ2+ T cells than those with MUD at timepoints +30, +60, +100 (p<0.001, respectively) and +180 (p<0.01) in univariate analysis. These results remained significant in multivariate analysis. Patients recovering with a high relative abundance of total γδ T cells and Vδ2+ T cells had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of grade II-IV aGvHD after transplantation (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). A high relative abundance of Vδ2+ T cells was also associated with a lower incidence of EBV infection (p=0.02). Patients with EBV infection on the other hand showed higher absolute Vδ1+ T cell counts at days +100 and +180 after transplantation (p=0.046 and 0.038, respectively) than those without EBV infection. This result remained significant in a multivariate time-averaged analysis (q<0.1). Our results suggest a protective role of γδ T cells and especially Vδ2+ T cell subset against the development of aGvHD and EBV infection after pediatric HSCT. Vδ1+ T cells might be involved in the immune response after EBV infection. Our results encourage further research on γδ T cells as prognostic markers after HSCT and as possible targets of adoptive T cell transfer strategies.
A novel tool for modeling the near- and far-field dispersion of brine effluent from desalination plants
Authors: Porto Pereira Silvano , Rodrigues Melissa Fontenelle , Rosman Paulo Cesar Colonna , Rosman Patrícia , Bleninger Tobias , Lima Neto Iran Eduardo , Teixeira Carlos E. P. , Sola Iván , Sánchez Lizaso José Luis
Published: July 2024

Regardless of the specific technology adopted, the use of desalination to produce fresh water from seawater results in a discharge of brine effluent containing a high concentration of salts and other desalination by-products that must be dealt with appropriately. Until now, this effluent has most commonly been discharged into the sea through a submarine outfall. Computational tools are used to simulate the behavior of these brine discharges to minimize their impact on the marine environment. Environmental assessments of desalination plants that are made using these tools can include consideration of the rates of effluent production and flow, diffuser configurations, marine conditions (e.g., currents, tides, salinity, temperature), and the proximity of plants to environmentally significant areas. Computational tools can also assist in the design of programs for monitoring the surroundings of brine disposal points. In this study, we developed a new tool for modeling brine discharges from submarine outfalls based on an adaptation of a near-field mathematical model coupled with a Lagrangian model. This new model was specifically designed for application to negatively buoyant effluent discharges. The near-field dilution results that were obtained for various current velocities and different diffuser vertical inclinations using this tool were compared with those obtained using a reference tool (Visual Plumes), considering four different desalination plants. Excellent correlation and a mean absolute percentage error lower than 10% were obtained between the two sets of results along with good reproducibility. Additionally, the existence of an integrated wave propagation model in the simulation software allowed the analysis of changes in the brine plume direction produced by waves formed far from the outfall area. Using the new model, it was possible to evaluate how the diffuser configuration affected the performance of the diffuser line, and the saline plume generated by the combined Lagrangian and near-field model realistically reproduced the behavior of a submarine brine outfall. This combined model is potentially applicable to a range of other situations, including studies that aim to minimize the environmental impact of desalination plants based on considerations of outfall locations and optimization of the diffuser configuration.
Optimization of recirculating water scallop larval cultivation system based on EDEM-fluent coupling
Authors: Li Xiuchen , Yang Yu , Liu Dongshuo , Chen Shuo , Wu Shuqiao , Yuan Xiang , Liu Zibo , Wang Yubao , Zhang Hanbing
Published: July 2024

This article aims to address the issues of low cultivation density and high labor intensity of manual water exchange in existing scallop seedling ponds, an upwelling recirculating water system for scallop larval cultivation is designed. EDEM-Fluent coupled model was used to simulate the movement of scallop larvae in the culture cone in order to guarantee the uniform distribution of larvae in the cultivation device. Design-Expert software was utilized to investigate the impact of the bottom cone angle(θ), the column height/cone height ratio(n) and the inflow velocity(v) on the variation coefficients of the axial and radial distributions of D-shaped larvae within the culture cone. The results indicated that θ = 108.97° and n = 1.8 represent the ideal structural parameters for the culture cone. The further investigation of the culture cones prototype was conducted to examine the impact of the inlet deflector angle (α), cultivation density (τ), and inflow velocity (v) on its performance. θ=108.97°, n=1.8, v=0.19m/s, α=60.94°, and τ=110pcs/ml were found to be the ideal combination of parameters, in this scenario, the D-shaped larvae’s radial distributions’ coefficients of variation is 22.13%, the error between the experimental and simulation results is 4.41%. Research has shown that EDEM-Fluent based simulation analysis methods can be used for the design and parameter optimization of upwelling recirculating water scallop larval cultivation system, this paper can provide a reference for the design of an upwelling recirculating water scallop larval cultivation system.
Association between RC/HDL-C ratio and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States
Authors: Xuan Yanyan , Hu Weike , Wang Yudan , Li Jingwen , Yang Lisha , Yu Songping , Zhou Dongdong
Published: July 2024

Background

The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. The link between serum remnant cholesterol (RC) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and NAFLD remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to clarify the relationship between the RC/HDL-C ratio and the NAFLD.

Methods

Data for our cross-sectional study came from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with 2,269 participants. Associations between RC/HDL-C levels and the prevalence of NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis were evaluated using adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses. A generalized additive model examined the non-linear relationship between RC/HDL-C and the probability of developing NAFLD.

Results

Among 2,269 participants, 893 (39.36%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. In each of the three models, RC/HDL-C and NAFLD had a strong positive statistical relationship: model 1 (OR = 9.294, 95%CI: 6.785, 12.731), model 2 (OR = 7.450, 95%CI: 5.401, 10.278), and model 3 (OR = 2.734, 95%CI: 1.895, 3.944). In addition, the subgroup analysis by gender and BMI suggested that RC/HDL-C showed a positive correlation with NAFLD. The RC/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with the degree of liver steatosis. There was an inverted U-shaped connection between the prevalence of NAFLD and RC/HDL-C, with an inflection point of 0.619 for all participants and 0.690 for men. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the predictive value of RC/HDL-C for NAFLD (area under the curve: 0.7139; 95%CI: 0.6923, 0.7354; P < 0.001), was better than traditional lipid parameters.

Conclusion

Increased RC/HDL-C levels are independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD and the severity of liver steatosis in the American population. In addition, the RC/HDL-C ratio can be used as a simple and effective non-invasive biomarker to identify individuals with a high risk of NAFLD.
Metagenomic 18S rDNA reads revealed zonation of eukaryotic communities in the Yongle blue hole
Authors: Zhang Hongxi , Wei Taoshu , Li Qingmei , Fu Liang , Li Manjie , He Lisheng , Wang Yong
Published: July 2024

The Yongle blue hole (YBH), situated in the South China Sea, represents a compelling subject of study in marine microbiology due to its unique redox-layered microbial ecosystems. However, the diversity and ecology of microbial eukaryotes within the YBH remains underexplored. This study endeavors to bridge this gap through the application of the in situ microbial filtration and fixation (ISMIFF) device to collect 0.22–30 μm microbial samples from 21 water layers of YBH. Subsequent extraction of 18S rRNA metagenomic reads of 21 metagenomes and 10 metatranscriptomes facilitated a comprehensive analysis of community structures. Findings revealed a pronounced superiority in the diversity and richness of eukaryotic microorganisms in the oxic zone compared to its suboxic and anoxic counterparts. Notably, Dinophyceae and Maxillopoda emerged as the predominant taxa based on the analysis of the 18S rRNA reads for the V4 and V9 regions, which showed stratification In their relative abundance and suggested their potential role in the thermo-halocline boundaries and oxic-anoxic interface. Specifically, In these eukaryotic microbial communities, Dinophyceae exhibited significant abundance at 20 m (20.01%) and 105 m (26.13%) water depths, while Maxillopoda was prevalent at 40 m (22.84%), 80 m (23.19%), and 100 m (15.42%) depths. A part of these organisms, identified as larvae and protists, were likely attracted by swarming chemosynthetic bacterial prey prevailing at the thermo-halocline boundaries and oxic-anoxic interface. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of the major 18S operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a close adjacency to known species, except for three Dinophyceae OTUs. In conclusion, this study provides critical insights into the vertical distribution and transcriptional activity of <30-μm eukaryotic microbes, shedding light on the taxonomic novelty of eukaryotic microorganisms within the semi-enclosed blue holes.
Bioactive profiling of Rumex vesicarius L. from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia: a study on its phytochemical and elemental analysis, antibiofilm, antibacterial, antioxidant properties, and molecular docking analysis
Authors: Sulieman Abdel Moneim Elhadi , Abdallah Emad M. , Alanazi Naimah Asid , Idriss Hajo , Adnan Mohd , Jamal Arshad , Shommo Sohair A. M. , Snoussi Mejdi
Published: July 2024

Background

Rumex vesicarius is a wild leafy plant belonging to the family Polygonaceae, renowned for its therapeutic benefits. The genus Rumex comprises approximately 150 species distributed globally.

Objective

The study aimed to investigate the biological activities of R. vesicarius using in vitro and in silico methods.

Methods

Rumex vesicarius was collected from the mountains in Hail and extracted with methanol. The phytochemical composition was qualitatively determined using colorimetric detection methods. Additional analyses included elemental analysis, in silico docking, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm properties.

Results

The extract contained various classes of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenes, and saponins. Sixteen constituents were identified through molecular docking, revealing inhibition against the filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ), a crucial factor in bacterial cell division. Six compounds exhibited low binding scores ranging from −8.3 to −5.0 kcal/mol, indicating efficient interaction at the active site. Elemental analysis identified 15 elements, with potassium being the most abundant, followed by calcium, aluminum, silicon, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, titanium, strontium, zinc, manganese, bromine, and chromium. Antioxidant analysis revealed significant properties at lower concentrations compared to ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, and β-carotene. Antibacterial analysis demonstrated inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis MTCC121 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, with inhibition zones of 13.67 ± 1.0 mm and 11.50 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The MIC and MBC values ranged from 250 to 500 μg/mL. R. vesicarius also exhibited anti-biofilm activity.

Conclusion

Wild-grown R. vesicarius from the mountains of Hail is rich in bioactive phytochemicals and essential minerals, exhibiting notable antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
Research progress on high-concentration oxygen therapy after cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zeng He , Zeng Dakai , Yin Xiaoping , Zhang Wumiao , Wu Moxin , Chen Zhiying
Published: July 2024

Recently, the role of high-concentration oxygen therapy in cerebral hemorrhage has been extensively discussed. This review describes the research progress in high-concentration oxygen therapy after cerebral hemorrhage. High-concentration oxygen therapy can be classified into two treatment methods: hyperbaric and normobaric high-concentration oxygen therapy. Several studies have reported that high-concentration oxygen therapy uses the pathological mechanisms of secondary ischemia and hypoxia after cerebral hemorrhage as an entry point to improve cerebral oxygenation, metabolic rate, cerebral edema, intracranial pressure, and oxidative stress. We also elucidate the mechanisms by which molecules such as Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor, and erythropoietin (EPO) may play a role in oxygen therapy. Although people are concerned about the toxicity of hyperoxia, combined with relevant literature, the evidence discussed in this article suggests that as long as the duration, concentration, pressure, and treatment interval of patients with cerebral hemorrhage are properly understood and oxygen is administered within the treatment window, it can be effective to avoid hyperoxic oxygen toxicity. Combined with the latest research, we believe that high-concentration oxygen therapy plays an important positive role in injuries and outcomes after cerebral hemorrhage, and we recommend expanding the use of normal-pressure high-concentration oxygen therapy for cerebral hemorrhage.
Factors influencing quality of life in extratemporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a cross-sectional study using medical records
Authors: Annaka Hiroki , Nomura Tomonori , Hasegawa Naoya
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aimed to examine differences in factors influencing quality of life (QOL) in people with extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods

We obtained data from the medical records of 84 (47 ETLE and 37 MTLE) people with epilepsy. The data included age, sex, employment, seizure frequency, number of antiseizure medication (ASM), Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) score, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31) score. Multiple regression analyses were performed using QOLIE-31 as the dependent variable and age, sex, employment, seizure frequency, number of ASM, and NDDI-E score as the independent variables in ETLE or MTLE.

Results

From the results of the multiple regression analyses, QOLIE-31 in ETLE was associated with NDDI-E (β = −0.757, p < 0.001) and employment (β = 0.388, p = 0.008). Meanwhile, QOLIE-31 in MTLE was associated with NDDI-E (β = −0.625, p < 0.001), employment (β = 0.396, p = 0.041), and number of ASMs (β = −0.399, p = 0.018).

Conclusion

Overall, our findings indicate that the number of ASMs is potentially an influence on QOL of MTLE but similar effect is not observed in ETLE.
Balance performance of healthy young individuals in real versus matched virtual environments: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Schedler Simon , Gramann Klaus , Hill Mathew W. , Muehlbauer Thomas
Published: July 2024

Background

Due to technological advancements and the development of consumer-oriented head mounted displays (HMDs), virtual reality (VR) is used in studies on balance performance and balance trainability more and more frequently. Yet, it may be assumed that balance performance is affected by the physical characteristics of the HMD (e.g., weight) as well as by the virtual visual environment. Moreover, it has been shown that balance is age-dependent with children and adolescents showing worse performances compared to young adults, which may also affect their balance performance in virtual environments.

Objectives

The present systematic scoping review aims to provide an overview on the current evidence regarding balance performance of healthy, young individuals (6–30 years) in real and matched virtual environments.

Methods

A systematic literature search in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus (from their inception date to February 2024) resulted in 9,554 studies potentially eligible for inclusion. Eligibility criteria were: (i) investigation of healthy, young individuals (6–30 years), (ii) balance assessment in the real and a matched virtual environment, (iii) use of a fully immersive HMD, (iv) reporting of at least one balance parameter. A total of 10 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were thus included in this review. All studies were conducted with healthy, young adults (19–30 years).

Results

Five studies assessed static balance, four studies quantified dynamic balance, and one study measured static as well as dynamic balance performance. In healthy young adults, static balance performance was similar with and without VR during simple standing tasks (e.g., two-legged stance), but worse in VR during more challenging tasks (e.g., one-legged stance). Concerning dynamic balance, four out of five studies reported worse performance in VR, while one study did not find differences between visual environments. Most importantly, none of the studies investigating healthy children (6–12 years) and/or adolescents (13–18 years) met the predefined inclusion criteria.

Conclusion

In healthy young adults, balance performance seems to be affected by VR only during challenging static (e.g., one-legged stance) as well as during dynamic balance tasks. The underlying causes remain unclear, but factors such as perceived presence in VR, a shift in sensory organization and/or perceptual distortion may play a role. Of particular importance is the finding that there is a void in the literature on the influence of VR on balance performance of healthy children and adolescents.
Molecular signatures in Mendelian neurodevelopment: a focus on ubiquitination driven DNA methylation aberrations
Authors: van der Laan Liselot , ten Voorde Nicky , Mannens Marcel M. A. M. , Henneman Peter
Published: July 2024

Mendelian disorders, arising from pathogenic variations within single genetic loci, often manifest as neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), affecting a significant portion of the pediatric population worldwide. These disorders are marked by atypical brain development, intellectual disabilities, and various associated phenotypic traits. Genetic testing aids in clinical diagnoses, but inconclusive results can prolong confirmation processes. Recent focus on epigenetic dysregulation has led to the discovery of DNA methylation signatures, or episignatures, associated with NDDs, accelerating diagnostic precision. Notably, TRIP12 and USP7, genes involved in the ubiquitination pathway, exhibit specific episignatures. Understanding the roles of these genes within the ubiquitination pathway sheds light on their potential influence on episignature formation. While TRIP12 acts as an E3 ligase, USP7 functions as a deubiquitinase, presenting contrasting roles within ubiquitination. Comparison of phenotypic traits in patients with pathogenic variations in these genes reveals both distinctions and commonalities, offering insights into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review contextualizes the roles of TRIP12 and USP7 within the ubiquitination pathway, their influence on episignature formation, and the potential implications for NDD pathogenesis. Understanding these intricate relationships may unveil novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic strategies for NDDs.
Effects of Portulaca oleracea (purslane) on liver function tests, metabolic profile, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Milkarizi Narges , Barghchi Hanieh , Belyani Saba , Bahari Hossein , Rajabzade Farnood , Ostad Andisheh Norouzian , Goshayeshi Ladan , Nematy Mohsen , Askari Vahid Reza
Published: July 2024

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease. Portulaca oleracea exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the potential benefits of Portulaca oleracea in improving NAFLD.

Methods

This double-blind, randomized clinical trial enrolled 70 patients with NAFLD assigned to either the intervention group (n = 35) or placebo group (n = 35) using stratified block randomization. The intervention group received 700 mg Portulaca oleracea supplement for eight weeks, while the control group received placebo capsules. In addition, all participants received a calorie-restricted diet. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using elastography along with liver function and metabolic tests, blood pressure measurements, body composition analysis and dietary records pre-and post-intervention.

Results

The average age of the participants was 44.01 ± 8.6 years, of which 34 (48.6%) were women. The group receiving Portulaca oleracea showed significant weight changes, body mass index, fat mass index, and waist circumference compared to the placebo (p < 0.001). In addition, blood sugar, lipid profile, liver enzymes aspartate and alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and systolic blood pressure were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to those in the placebo (p < 0.05). During the study, inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators, improved significantly (p < 0.05). Based on the elastography results, the hepatorenal ultrasound index and liver stiffness decreased significantly in the Portulaca oleracea group compared to the placebo (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The present clinical trial showed that receiving Portulaca oleracea supplement for eight weeks can improve the condition of liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Bridging the gap in cervical cancer screening for underserved communities: MCED and the promise of future technologies
Authors: Alshammari Aya Hasan , Ishii Hideshi , Hirotsu Takaaki , Hatakeyama Hideyuki , Morishita Masayo , di Luccio Eric
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer screening is a critical public health measure, especially vital for underserved communities where disparities in access and outcomes are pronounced. Despite the life-saving potential of regular screening, numerous barriers—including geographical isolation, cultural and linguistic challenges, and socioeconomic factors—severely hinder accessibility for these populations. Multicancer early detection (MCED) tests emerge as a potentially effective intervention, offering a less invasive, more accessible approach that could transform how screenings are conducted. This paper explores the existing challenges in traditional cervical cancer screening methods, the potential of MCED tests to address these barriers, and the implications of these technologies for global health equity. Through a comprehensive review, we highlight the need for culturally sensitive, tailored interventions and the importance of effectively overcoming logistical and financial difficulties to implement MCED tests. Despite the promise shown by MCED tests, the paper acknowledges significant implementation challenges, including cost, logistical obstacles, and the need for cultural acceptance and validation studies. This study emphasizes the necessity for equitable MCED test implementation strategies, highlighting the potential of these innovative technologies to advance global health equity in cervical cancer prevention.
Case report: Suspicious laryngeal mass: a case of laryngeal lymphoma misdiagnosed as chronic inflammation
Authors: Hu Juanjuan , Han Baoai , Ding Ranran , Qiu Yue , Sun Haiying , Zhu Yun
Published: July 2024

This case report aims to highlight the importance of considering lymphoma as a potential differential diagnosis in patients presenting with laryngeal mass and associated cervical lymphadenopathy, particularly those with a history of chronic tonsillitis. A case of a 63-year-old male patient who underwent bilateral tonsillectomy for tumor in the left tonsil was presented. Two months after the procedure, he developed throat discomfort, dysphagia, neck swelling, and other symptoms. The patient was initially diagnosed with “tongue base mass” and chronic lymphadenitis. Partial excision of the tongue base mass was performed twice in another hospital, revealing chronic inflammation of the epithelial mucosa. Further evaluations, including electron laryngoscopy and imaging studies, were conducted to investigate the condition. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed irregular soft tissue density in the oropharyngeal region, along with multiple lymph nodes in the neck. Subsequent histopathological examination of the lingual base biopsy revealed peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a follicular T-helper cell phenotype. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed specific markers while ruling out other markers. In situ hybridization testing demonstrated positivity for Epstein–Barr virus-encoded RNA, and TCRG clonality was confirmed. The duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2 months. This case emphasizes the importance of considering lymphoma in patients with laryngeal mass and associated cervical lymphadenopathy, especially when a history of chronic tonsillitis is present. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention are crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.
Risk factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chen , Xu Banghong , Zhu Cuiying , Pu Kai , Bian Lanzheng
Published: July 2024

Background

The associated factors of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) must be evaluated to provide evidence for the treatment and care of such children.

Methods

Two investigators searched the PubMed database until 25 June 2023 for literature about the associated factors of malnutrition in children with CHD. A meta-analysis of associated factors of malnutrition was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

Thirteen studies involving 8,031 children with CHD were included. Pulmonary hypertension (OR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.46–4.12), low birth weight (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.25–5.77) and parents’ height (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.89–2.92) were the associated factors of growth retardation (all P < 0.05). Pulmonary hypertension (OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 3.13–4.24), low birth weight (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 2.61–4.18) and pneumonia (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 2.08–2.83) were the associated factors of low body weight of children with CHD (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Medical staff should fully understand the risk factors, strengthen nutritional support and enhance nursing care for children with CHD to reduce malnutrition.
Benefits of robotic gait assistance with ATLAS 2030 in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Castro Pilar , Martí María , Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Boñar Nuria , García Violeta , Gascón-Santos Santiago , Panzano Alicia , Vela Sara , Tajadura Sara , Peña Ana , Tris-Ara María Josefa
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study aims to assess the impact of integrating ATLAS 2030 into the conventional therapy regimen for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) compared to conventional therapy alone regarding gross motor function, range of motion (ROM) and spasticity.

Design

A non-randomized controlled trial conducted in outpatient rehabilitation settings and special education schools, following the recommendations by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement.

Participants

Thirty children with CP divided into intervention and control groups.

Intervention

The intervention group received three months of therapy (twice per week) with the ATLAS 2030 device in addition to their standard therapy, while the control group underwent standard therapy alone.

Main outcome measure

Gross motor function assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure of 88 items (GMFM-88).

Secondary outcomes

Spasticity, measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and ROM of the lower limbs.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed between groups, in favour the intervention group, in both the GMFM-88 total score and dimension A, B and D. Similar findings were noted for spasticity and ROM, demonstrating significant improvements in the intervention group.

Conclusion

ATLAS 2030 proves to be a safe and valuable tool for the rehabilitation of children with CP, showing improvements in motor function, spasticity and ROM.
Machine learning-based prediction model for the efficacy and safety of statins
Authors: Xiong Yu , Liu Xiaoyang , Wang Qing , Zhao Li , Kong Xudong , Da Chunhe , Meng Zuohuan , Qu Leilei , Xia Qinfang , Liu Lihong , Li Pengmei
Published: July 2024

Objective

The appropriate use of statins plays a vital role in reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, due to changes in diet and lifestyle, there has been a significant increase in the number of individuals with high cholesterol levels. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the rational use of statins. Adverse reactions associated with statins, including liver enzyme abnormalities and statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), have impacted their widespread utilization. In this study, we aimed to develop a predictive model for statin efficacy and safety based on real-world clinical data using machine learning techniques.

Methods

We employed various data preprocessing techniques, such as improved random forest imputation and Borderline SMOTE oversampling, to handle the dataset. Boruta method was utilized for feature selection, and the dataset was divided into training and testing sets in a 7:3 ratio. Five algorithms, including logistic regression, naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting decision tree, were used to construct the predictive models. Ten-fold cross-validation and bootstrapping sampling were performed for internal and external validation. Additionally, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was employed for feature interpretability. Ultimately, an accessible web-based platform for predicting statin efficacy and safety was established based on the optimal predictive model.

Results

The random forest algorithm exhibited the best performance among the five algorithms. The predictive models for LDL-C target attainment (AUC = 0.883, Accuracy = 0.868, Precision = 0.858, Recall = 0.863, F1 = 0.860, AUPRC = 0.906, MCC = 0.761), liver enzyme abnormalities (AUC = 0.964, Accuracy = 0.964, Precision = 0.967, Recall = 0.963, F1 = 0.965, AUPRC = 0.978, MCC = 0.938), and muscle pain/Creatine kinase (CK) abnormalities (AUC = 0.981, Accuracy = 0.980, Precision = 0.987, Recall = 0.975, F1 = 0.981, AUPRC = 0.987, MCC = 0.965) demonstrated favorable performance. The most important features of LDL-C target attainment prediction model was cerebral infarction, TG, PLT and HDL. The most important features of liver enzyme abnormalities model was CRP, CK and number of oral medications. Similarly, AST, ALT, PLT and number of oral medications were found to be important features for muscle pain/CK abnormalities. Based on the best-performing predictive model, a user-friendly web application was designed and implemented.

Conclusion

This study presented a machine learning-based predictive model for statin efficacy and safety. The platform developed can assist in guiding statin therapy decisions and optimizing treatment strategies. Further research and application of the model are warranted to improve the utilization of statin therapy.