bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are We Overestimating the Effect of Indocyanine Green on Leaks Following Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Mocanu Valentin , Fang Breanna , Dang Jerry , Kung Janice Y. , Switzer Noah J. , Birch Daniel W. , Karmali Shahzeer
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Systematic reviews of retrospective studies suggest that indocyanine green (ICG) angiography reduces anastomotic leak (AL) and improves postoperative outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates colorectal surgery outcomes following ICG use with comparison of results found in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted of studies evaluating ICG in colorectal surgery with more than five patients. Systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in August 2021 and this study followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Primary outcome was AL. Meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.4.

Results

Overall, 2403 studies were retrieved with 28 total studies including three RCTs meeting criteria. RCTs included 964 patients, whereas other studies comprised 7327 patients with 44.6% receiving ICG. The ICG and non-ICG cohorts were similar with respect to age (62.6 vs 63.1 years), sex (45.1% vs 43.1% female), smoking (22.4% vs 25.3% smokers), and diabetes (13.4% vs 14.2%), respectively. Anastomotic height (6.5 vs 6.8 cm) and technique (78.7% vs 74.8% stapled) were also comparable. With retrospective studies included, ICG was associated with AL reduction (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% CI, 0.32–0.53; p < 0.001) and reoperation for AL (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43–0.95; p = 0.03), with pronounced effects for rectal anastomoses (OR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.21–0.44; p < 0.001). RCT evidence suggests a much smaller effect size (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42–0.99; p = 0.04), and no reduction in AL reoperation (OR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.29–1.80; p = 0.48) or length of stay (LOS).

Conclusion

Retrospective studies suggest reduced AL, reoperation for AL, and LOS with ICG angiography. However, RCTs suggest a smaller effect size and do not demonstrate reduced reoperation or LOS. Additional RCTs are required before widespread ICG uptake.
The Methodology and Style of Imām Qudūrī in Kitāb al Tajrīd: A Research Study in the Light of 'Ilm al Khilaf
Authors: Sani Hafiz , Shaid Bakht
Published: June 2022

Since the creation of this world, there have been disagreements in different matters among mankind. Technically, difference in opinion is of two kinds .One is Invalid or unpleasant disagreement; which has no valid reasoning and it bases on other evil objectives. While the other one is valid or pleasant disagreement; which bases on valid reasoning. The second one is also known as healthy disagreement. The disagreements among Islamic Scholars, ‘Ulamā and fuqahā relates to the second kind; valid disagreements, because they are established on valid reasons and evidences. They are also considered as a blessing for mankind. That is why these scholarly and fiqhī disagreements are always deeply admired. An important book scholarly written on the subject matter is ‘Kitāb al Tajrīd’ by Imām Qudūrī. This article is an introduction to his book ‘Kitāb al Tajrīd’ and its style. It is a distinct and excellent book of its kind. The features of the book motivate to discuss about it.
Contemporary Applications of Shariah Maxims Related to Needs and Necessities in Medical Field
Authors: Hafiz Aziz ur Rahman
Published: June 2022

Emergence of biomedical research and innovation with an unprecedented speed has created number of opportunities and challenges for policy makers. On the one hand, it is now possible to introduce tailor-made personal medication regime for an ailing patient to offer state of the art treatments. On the other hand, several ethical and legal issues have been raised due to the complex nature of emerging technologies.  Policy makers all over the world are constantly addressing these challenges by continuously upgrading their respective professional and regulatory frameworks. This article is an attempt to highlight Shariah maxims which have contemporary application in medical field. Lately, there has been a lot of interest in the debate of Shariah maxims and many scholars have used maxims-based analytical frameworks to show the dynamic application of Islamic law. This article builds upon those works by focusing on issues related to the medical field.
Analytical Study of the Selected Urdu Books about Intra-Faith Unity in Pakistan
Authors: Farman Ullah  , Muhammad Ikramullah
Published: June 2022

Whenever any issue regarding the religious matters was put up in the presence of the Holy Prophet (SAW), he himself explained that logically. The companions of the Holy Prophet (SAW) also sought his consent in such matters. However, there were some differences among the Companions (Saḥabas) regarding some of diligently-conceived views. Later on, such differences were multiplied and caused sectarian issues. In consequence of diligently-conceived opinions and efforts to address the issues of the Holy Qu’rān and Sunnah, four distinct sects emerged. Moreover, such differences took a different form in the later years which further led to the heinous act of “Takfeer”. Currently, the mutual enmity is at a great premium especially in Pakistan. This article will introduce and analyze the selected books, trying to indicate strengths and weakness of the subject matter discussed in books, in addition to examine the methodologies used in.
Role of Masjid in Social Reformation in Contemporary Pashtun Society: A Case Study of District Bannu and Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
Authors: Fida ur Rahman  , Rashid Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Pulpit and Masjid play very pivotal and productive role in a Muslim society. It not only educates and guides Muslims in religious matters as well shapes the social attitude and role of Muslims. Moreover, it is evident by the history that Islamic State was run by the Head of the State from Masjid. Unfortunately, pulpit and Masjid have been losing sense of their actual responsibility as an agent of social cohesion, integration and reformation. The paper is an attempt of studying the current role of pulpit and Masjid regarding religious education and training, exploring the factors that have been hampering the way of realizing the dream of social reformation in contemporary Pashtun society by not allowing pulpit and Masjid to play its due role in this respect and suggesting feasible recommendation for coping with the issue. The study is based on primary data that was collected through questionnaire in District Bannu and Lakki Marwat.
Scope of State in Legislation from Islamic Perspective
Authors: Farhadullah  , Fazle Omar
Published: June 2022

Islamic law is basically a part of a holistic system based primarily on the divine message enclosed in the Holy Qur'an and traditions of the Prophet (SAW), which are the main fundamental sources of Islamic law. After the demise of the Prophet (SAW), field of Ijtehād started development, which was already approved by the Prophet (SAW) in his life. The companions of the Prophet (SAW) developed the notion of Ijmā while early Muslim jurists discovered the Qiyās, Maslaha, Istislāh, Istehsān etc.Determining the location of authority and its scope in law-making has remained a complex situation for the western philosophers since long. As far as the case of Muslims is concerned, they are in the position to find solution of this situation as to where the authority dwells; enabling them to resolve many queries which seemed to be unanswered for the long time. It is important for the Muslims to comprehend the concept of Islamic institutions from the perspective of Islamic frame work and legal as well as constitutional history of Islamic history.
Moral Reforms in a Community: Modus Operandi in the Light of Sīrah
Authors: Muhammad Khubaib  , Muhammad Umair
Published: June 2022

It’s always the people who define the status of a society. If the people of a society are civilized, the society will be called an ideal society. Moral reforms and behavioural therapy of individuals of the society are basic factors to establish an ideal society. Such an ideal society was established by Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) in Madina where he laid the foundations of brotherhood and equality among citizens of that state. He showed tolerance towards people belonging to different religions by protecting all their human rights and by providing indiscriminate and quick justice. He not only made the social institutions strong but also developed a history of human civilization. We simply need to work on our moral values and behaviours. We should study the daily life of Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) and mould our lives according to that. Dire need of the modern world is the rectification of human behavior in the light of the ideal life of Muḥammad (P.B.U.H). It will give an opportunity to breathe the same spirit into the contemporary social attitudes so that our society may become peaceful.
An Analytical Study of Intelligence in the Makkī Era
Authors: Al Azhari Abdul Wahab Jan
Published: June 2022

Security is most important need of every state and community. Surveillance and keeping eye on the enemy are the core responsibilities of every state. All the absolute qualities of a leader can be found in The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). Therefore, the first nucleus of security education was in Makkah and expanded with the expansion of the Da’wah till the declaration of Madina as a Islamic state. There are various studies on the subject of surveillance, but they did not cover all aspects of Sīrah in Makkī era regarding the various steps and methods of surveillance. This article investigates how the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) maintained the security measures during Makkī era to ensure the security of all his companions and followers. In the First section of this article definition and history of intelligence was discussed, followed by the various techniques of surveillance used in different occasions by the Prophet (P.B.U.H). The last section of the article focused on the techniques used in Makkī era. The article further elaborates the practical steps taken by Prophet (P.B.U.H) to secure his companions and their families from the opponents to the extent possible, like migration to Habash and finally to Madina which concluded in establishment of a free state for Muslims.
Official Duties and Contextual Responsibilities Contingent to the Prophetic Sīrah
Authors: Tariq Aziz  , Manj Muhammad Shahbaz
Published: June 2022

Rights of Holy Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) have been studied from various perspectives. This paper reviewing the extant research on the subject; identifies the duties of government officials from the referred side. It concludes that Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) is the most benefactor and humanitarian to mankind in the word. In this context only those Govt. officials can be considered true in their claim of love for Prophet Muḥammad (P.B.U.H) who adhere to his teachings, concerning ability of one’s position, piety, liability, morality and uprightness and those who refrain from being footloose and profligate, and free themselves from the hunger of wealth and status, censoriously evaluate their deeds, keep an eye on the life hereafter and accountability. Moreover, those who hold justice and avoid dishonesty and bias are true according to the teachings of Islam. Without such qualities and characteristics claim of love is just deceit and forgery.
OTOMATISASI PROSES HEALTH CHECK PERANGKAT SGSN DAN GGSN TELKOMSEL SUMBAGTENG BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Irawan Yuda , Rahmalisa Uci , Suriandi Suriandi , Edriyansyah Edriyansyah , Wahyuni Refni
Published: June 2022

Telkomsel sebagai salah satu operator selular terbesar di Indonesia yang menyediakan layanan data / internet tentunya harus selalu menjamin kualitas layanan yang terbaik bagi pelanggannya, untuk itu Telkomsel harus memastikan availability perangkat produksinya agar selalu prima, khususnya perangkat core. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) dan GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) sebagai komponen penting dalam core network Telkomsel harus dipastikan dalam kondisi optimal, untuk itu diperlukan pengecekan / health check secara rutin setiap hari. Adapun proses pengecekan / health check terhadap perangkat SGSN dan GGSN di Telkomsel Regional Sumbagteng saat ini masih dilakukan secara manual, dimana petugas melakukan remote connection ke masing-masing perangkat satu persatu melalui OSS Server dan menjalankan prosedur / command untuk melihat parameter-parameter kondisi SGSN dan GGSN tersebut, dimana output hasil print command health check sangat banyak sekali, sehingga proses pengecekan (health check) cenderung lama dan memunculkan potensi human error. Oleh karena itu maka penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Otomatisasi Proses Health Check Perangkat SGSN dan GGSN Telkomsel Sumbagteng Berbasis Web”. Otomasisai proses ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan Apache Web Server dan database MySQL. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan secara otomatis oleh sistem dan interface web sudah menampilkan parameter-parameter dalam bentuk resume, sehingga mempermudah dan mempercepat proses. Hasil dari pengujian adalah pada otomatisasi Proses Health Check Perangkat SGSN dan GGSN Telkomsel Sumbagteng Berbasis Web, proses dapat dilakukan secara rutin terjadwal dan otomatis, sehingga tidak perlu mengkoneksikan ke perangkat satu persatu, sehingga mempermudah dan mempercepat proses.
E-ABSENSI BERBASIS FACE RECOGNITION DI KODEKIDDO SOLO
Authors: Iskandar Dwi , Puspitasari Norma , Fathoni Muh Alif
Published: June 2022

Absensi memiliki fungsi yang sangat penting dalam dunia pekerjaan. Proses absensi yang dilakukan secara manual dinilai kurang efektif karena terbukanya kesempatan melakukan kecurangan. Selain itu, proses rekapitulasi manual membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Pengenalan wajah manusia (human face recognition) adalah cabang utama dalam bidang verifikasi biometrik selain pengenalan retina mata, sidik jari dan pola tanda tangan. KodeKiddo Solo merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang jasa belajar coding yang interaktif dan seru untuk anak-anak. Absensi guru dalam KodeKiddo menggunakan google form dan tanda tangan langsung di kantor. Beberapa permasalahan dalam proses absensi diantaranya: kurangnya efisiensi waktu melakukan absen, ketidaksesuaian google form dengan form lembar tanda tangan, belum ada rekap absensi berkaitan dengan penggajian. Tujuan dari sistem ini adalah membuat sistem ini. memudahkan bagi guru untuk melakukan absensi, memantau absensi dan memantau jadwal mengajar, sedangkan bagi admin memudahkan untuk merekap absensi, menghitung gaji dan membuat jadwal mengajar. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan antara lain pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan metode pengembangan sistem menggunakan model waterfall yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan, desain, pengkodean, pengujian, pemeliharaan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah sistem E-Absensi berbasis face recognition yang dapat diakses oleh admin dan guru. Aplikasi website dalam sistem ini diakses oleh admin dan aplikasi android diakses oleh user. Halaman aplikasi face recognition diakses oleh admin dan digunakan guru untuk absensi.
IMPACTOS DAS ATIVIDADES NÃO PRESENCIAIS NAS OFICINAS DE INTEGRAÇÃO DO IFSC CHAPECÓ
Authors: Greggio Saionara , Pasqualli Roberta , Tabalipa Adalberto
Published: June 2022

A pandemia da COVID-19 obrigou as instituições de ensino brasileiras a suspenderem as aulas presenciais, passando a oferecê-las de forma remota. Tal realidade também afetou o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Santa Catarina (IFSC), no qual as aulas passaram para o formato de Atividade não presencial (ANP). Nessa direção, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar os impactos da condição ANP na integração curricular no Curso Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFSC, Câmpus Chapecó. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, qualitativa, descritiva e de estudo de caso instrumental, com procedimentos bibliográficos, documental e de campo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário online. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa os estudantes do componente curricular Oficina de Integração 1, 2, 3 e 4 no ano de 2021. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo para categorizar os dados. Os resultados mostram que durante o período ANP, a integração curricular, no curso, foi impactada por um conjunto de dificuldades de duas naturezas, a saber, individual: concentração, foco, atenção e participação ativa na aula, administração do tempo extraclasse e das responsabilidades escolares e, social: realização de trabalhos em grupo, comunicação e interação com os colegas e negociação de responsabilidades.
Study genetic features, parents behavioral, and their half diallel crosses in corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Anees Ahmad Hawas Abdullah , Abdul Karim Afrah
Published: June 2022

Six inbred lines of corn (ZM4L, ZM1L, ZP-301, ZM19L, OH, and UU440), originating in America except the third from Yugoslavia, were included in a half-cross breeding program during the 2016 spring season. They were included with their parents, in addition to the commercial hybrid (Kadz), in the comparison experiment during the 2017 spring season at Al-Zalaia area, which belongs to Al-Dour District - Salah Al-Din Governorate. The experimental unit included two lines with a length of 3 m, the distance between a line and another was 0.70 m and between plants 0.25 m in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The studied traits were: Number of days from planting to tasseling, number of days from planting to silking, leaf area surrounding the ear (cm2), plant height (cm), number of rows/ ear, number of grains/ row, weight of 300-grain (g), and Individual plant yield (g). The most important results were: The source of the variation for the genotypes and the two abilities were significant for all traits. The parent 6 was significantly superior in the number of days to tasseling and silking (61.00 and 66.33) days, sequentially, and the parent 3 in the number of grains/ row (35.23) and Individual plant yield (79.39 g). Also, the hybrid (4 ×1) was significantly superior in the number of days to tasseling and silking, and weight of 300-grain (62.00 day, 67.33 day, and 76.66 g) sequentially. The hybrid (2×3) has significant differences in tasseling (62.66 day), leaf area (821.27 cm2), number of rows/ ear (18.53), and weight of 300-grain (77.93 g), also the hybrid (3×5) in traits of the number of days to tasseling (62.66 day), number of grains/ row (42.46 grain), and the yield (192.30 g). The dominance variance had complete control over all the studied traits, unlike the additive variance. The narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance values were low, and the average degree of dominance was greater than one for all traits. Therefore, these traits can be developed by adopting the crossbreeding method instead of the selection method.
RESPUBLIKAMIZDA TORPAQLARIN BONITIROVKASI ZAMANI QIYMƏT MEYARLARININ SEÇILMƏSI
Authors: Aygül Məmmədova, Dinara Əliyeva Aygül Məmmədova, Dinara Əliyeva , Zahid Xəlilov, Nuridə Sadıqova Zahid Xəlilov, Nuridə Sadıqova
Published: June 2022

Torpaqların keyfiyyətcə qiymətləndirilməsi (bonitirovkası) torpaqşünaslıq elminin müstəqil sahəsi olub, torpağın həm təbiət cismi, həm də istehsal vasitəsi kimi qiymətləndirilməsinin elmi-nəzəri əsaslarını təsdiq edən prinsip və metodlarını işləyən bir sahədir. Torpaqlarin bonitirovkası sahəsində ədəbiyyat, fond materiallarının tədqiqi və təhlili nəticəsində müəyyən edilmişdir ki, Azərbaycanda bu sahədə 5 istiqamətdə: (otlaqaltı, çayaltı, üzümaltı, taxılaltı, pambıqaltı və meşə torpaqları üzrə) inkişaf etmişdir.
Azərbaycanın müstəqillik əldə etməsi və torpaq islahatlarının həyata keçirilməsi nəticəsində torpaq münasibətlərinin dəyişməsi, yeni torpaq-mülkiyyət formalarının yaranması ilə əlaqədar torpaqların bonitirovkası və iqtisadi qiymətləndirilməsi ilə bağlı tədbirlərin əhəmiyyətini nəinki azaltmış, əksinə dəfələrlə artırmışdır. Torpaq - mülkiyyət münasibətlərində baş verən dəyişikliklər, torpaqların alqı-satqısı, girov qoyulması, torpaq rüsumları ilə bağlı normativlərin hazırlanması torpaqların bonitirovkasını ön plana çəkmişdir. Torpaqların bonitirovkası üzrə torpaqların təbii xassələri və kənd təsərrüfatı bitkilərinin məhsuldarlığına dair toplanmış materialların riyazi təhlili olmadan keyfiyyətli, dəqiq, düzgün qiymətləndirmə aparmaq mümkün deyildir.
RESEARCH OF INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF A SUBMERSIBLE CENTRIFUGAL ELECTRIC PUMP DEVICE
Authors: Zenfira Huseynli, Turkan Musazada Zenfira Huseynli, Turkan Musazada
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the investigation of the causes of failures in centrifugal submersible electric pumping units (CSEP) during the work process, the measures taken to eliminate failures, improve performance and increase the time between repairs. In order to improve the performance of CSEP, a number of changes were made in the design.
Keywords: centrifugal submersible electric pumping unit, guidance apparatus, impeller, support ring, friction.
Характерні особливості формування харківської професійно-академічної бандурної школи
Authors: Даюк Жанна , Ковлева Марія
Published: June 2022

У статті бандурне мистецтво представлено як мистецький феномен в історії національної музичної культури, що поєднує в собі народно-фольклорні мотиви й академічні традиції. Окреслено етапи становлення та розвитку професійного бандурного мистецтва, зокрема схарактеризовано процеси формування харківської академічної школи гри на бандурі, доведено, що саме харківський освітній осередок став базою фахової музичної освіти в Україні, першим методичним центром, що поєднав усі без винятку регіональні школи та сприяв загальному поширенню професіоналізму в бандурному мистецтві, широкому залученню його до просвітницької діяльності.

Проаналізовано діяльність очільника харківської академічної бандурної школи – Гната Хоткевича – відомого етнографа, бандуриста-віртуоза, композитора, організатора навчальних і професійних художніх колективів, основоположника професійного бандурного мистецтва, який заклав основи теорії музики і народного музичного професіоналізму, запровадивши нові жанри виконання творів на бандурі та новий тип бандурного супроводу, першим в Україні сформував фонд педагогічного і концертного репертуару для бандури й оркестру бандуристів, зробив особливий вклад у розвиток професійної майстерності виконавців та популяризації бандурного мистецтва загалом.
A case study of the mesoscale convective system over central regions of European Russia on August 7, 2021
Authors:   Research and Production Association «Тyphoon», Obninsk, Russia, Sprygin A.A. , Vyazilov A.E. ,   Research and Production Association «Тyphoon», Obninsk, Russia
Published: June 2022

The article provides a case study of the formation of a severe convective storm as part of a quasilinear mesoscale convective system on August 7, 2021 that moved over the territory of the central part of European Russia. The predicted fields of meteorological characteristics and the following data of remote sensing of the atmosphere were analyzed: radar, satellite, lightning detection and atmospheric electric field data. A number of features were revealed in the distribution of meteorological parameters, which are useful for nowcasting of hazards associated with the formation of stable severe convective structures. Keywords: mesoscale convective system, severe convective storm, satellite and lightning detection signatures, instability indices, convective hazards, nowcasting, atmospheric electric field
Seven Layers of Computation: Methodological Analysis and Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Burgin Mark , Mikkililineni Rao
Published: June 2022

We live in an information society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation, and integration of information is a significant activity. Computations allow us to process information from various sources in various forms and use the derived knowledge in improving efficiency and resilience in our interactions with each other and with our environment. The general theory of information tells us that information to knowledge is as energy is to matter. Energy has the potential to create or modify material structures and information has the potential to create or modify knowledge structures. In this paper, we analyze computations as a vital technological phenomenon of contemporary society which allows us to process and use information. This analysis allows building classifications of computations based on their characteristics and explication of new types of computations. As a result, we extend the existing typologies of computations by delineating novel forms of information representations. While the traditional approach deals only with two dimensions of computation—symbolic and sub-symbolic, here we describe additional dimensions, namely, super-symbolic computation, hybrid computation, fused computation, blended computation, and symbiotic computation.
Perception, Imagery, Memory and Consciousness
Authors: Johnsson Magnus
Published: June 2022

I propose and discuss some principles that I believe are substantial for perception, various kinds of memory, expectations and the capacity for imagination in the mammal brain, as well as for the design of a biologically inspired artificial cognitive architecture. I also suggest why these same principles could explain our ability to represent novel concepts and imagine non-existing and perhaps impossible objects, while there are still limits to what we can imagine and think about. Some ideas regarding how these principles could be relevant for an autonomous agent to become functionally conscious are discussed as well.
Extension of Critical Programs of the Computational Theory of Mind
Authors: Baryshnikov Pavel N.
Published: June 2022

Technological advances in computer science have secured the computer metaphor status of a heuristic methodological tool used to answer the question about the nature of mind. Nevertheless, some philosophers strongly support opposite opinions. Anti-computationalism in the philosophy of mind is a methodological program that uses extremely heterogeneous grounds for argumentation, deserving analysis and discussion. This article provides an overview and interpretation of the traditional criticism of the computational theory of mind (computationalism); its basic theses have been formed in Western philosophy in the last quarter of the 20th century. The main goal is to reveal the content of the arguments of typical anti-computationalist programs and expand their application to the framework of the semantic problems of the Classic Computational Theory of Mind. The main fault of the symbolic ap-proach in the classical computationalism is the absence of a full-fledged theory of semantic properties. The relevance of considering these seemingly outdated problems is justified by the fact that the problem of meaning (and general problems of semantics) remains in the core of the latest developments in various areas of AI and the principles of human-computer interaction.
A Caution against the Artificialistic Fallacy
Authors: Hill Robin K.
Published: June 2022

The casual justification of the influence of a technology, particularly artificial intelligence, by appeal to the existence of the technology constitutes an artificialistic fallacy, analogous to the naturalistic fallacy that is well-known in philosophy. Similar to an invocation of nature to provide moral warrant (the naturalistic fallacy), modern tech evangelists invoke the burgeoning of hardware and software products in order to promote that burgeoning (the artificialistic fallacy). This fallacy is often tacit or committed by omission. Emerging ethical initiatives emphasize the refinement, explanation, and oversight of AI products rather than their fundamental ethical effect, making the fallacy recursive.
Non-Reductive Physicalism for AGI
Authors: Bołtuć Piotr (Peter)
Published: June 2022

Creature consciousness provides a physicalist account of the first-person awareness (contra Rosenthal). I argue that non-reductive consciousness is not about phenomenal qualia (Nagel’s what it is like to feel like something else); it is about the stream of awareness that makes any objects of perception epistemically available and ontologically present. This kind of consciousness is central, internally to one’s awareness. Externally, the feel about one’s significant other’s that “there is someone home” is quite important too. This is not substance dualism since creature consciousness and functional consciousness are both at different generality levels of physicalism. Surprisingly, pre-Hegel philosophy of pure subject is more fitting with the current engineering approach than analytical phenomenalism. The complementary view of subject- and object-related perspectives, may come from Fichte’s Wissenschaftslehre; but here it is placed, securely within the physicalist paradigm. It is essential to the Engineering Thesis in Machine Consciousness, which helps us understand under what general conditions a machine would be first-person conscious, but when it is merely functionally conscious.
On a Possible Basis for Metaphysical Self-development in Natural and Artificial Systems
Authors: White Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

Recent research into the nature of self in artificial and biological systems raises interest in a uniquely determining immutable sense of self, a “metaphysical ‘I’” associated with inviolable personal values and moral convictions that remain constant in the face of environmental change, distinguished from an object “me” that changes with its environment. Complementary research portrays processes associated with self as multimodal routines selectively enacted on the basis of contextual cues informing predictive self or world models, with the notion of the constant, per-vasive and invariant sense of self associated with a multistable attractor set aiming to ensure personal integrity against threat of disintegrative change. This paper proposes that an immutable sense of self emerges as a global attractor which can be described as a project ideal self-situation embodied in frontal medial processes during more or less normal adolescent development, and that thereafter serves to orient agency in the more or less free development of embodied potentials over the life course in effort to realize project conditions, phenomenally identified with the felt pull towards this end as purpose of and source of meaning in life. So oriented, life-long self-development aims to embody solutions to problems at different timescales depending on this embodied purpose, ultimately in the service of evolutionary processes securing organism populations against threats of disintegrative change over timespans far beyond that of the individual. After characterizing the target sense of self, research circling this target is briefly surveyed. Self as global project and developmental neural correlates are proposed. Then, the paper discusses some implications for research in biological and artificial systems. Building from earlier work in cognitive neurorobotics, discussion affirms the value of reinforcement rituals including prayer in metaphysical self-development, considers implications for value alignment and rights associated with free will in the context of artificial intelligence and robot religion, and concludes by emphasizing the importance of self-development toward project ideals as source of meaning in life in the current social-political environment.
Analysis of the Effects of the Home Environment Systems on Secondary School Re-Admission among Student Mothers in Marani Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Nyanganyi Nyamwange Nancy , Tarus Prisca , Kipnus Robert C.
Published: June 2022

The challenges of motherhood coupled with the coming of new roles and identities for student mothers remain pervasive and have conspired to continue constraining girls from participating in education. The consequences of becoming pregnant are many. The study explored the extent to which student-mothers receive emotional and social support both at home and at school in adjusting and coping with their dual roles as mothers and students. The study was conducted at Marani Sub-County of Kisii County. The study employed a descriptive survey design and the target population was 779, while the sample size was 234. The stratified sampling technique was used to select the school teenage mothers, while the census method was applied for both principals and teacher counsellors since they were few. Pilot testing of the research instruments was undertaken to ascertain both validity and reliability so as to guard against the threats of ambiguities and biases. This was done by subjecting the instruments to subject matter experts as well as trying them out within field conditions. Reliability was ascertained via the test-retest method. Data were collected from respondents by the use of special designed questionnaires and interview schedules. The information obtained was analysed by the use of descriptive statistics such as counting frequencies and mean. Qualitative data for teacher counsellors were analysed using the themes method. Data were presented in tables and figures. The process by which data was analysed started with coding, scoring, and screening for errors. Then data were entered into the SPSS program, after which data exploration and cleaning were done before starting to mine information. This is because the accuracy of any conclusions depends on the accuracy of the data to yield inferences. The findings of the study indicated that the home and school environments, as well as emotional support, were influencing secondary school re-entry among student mothers in Kenya. Further, the study shows student mothers can be motivated to re-join school to improve their future life. The research therefore recommended that the government and other stakeholders need to put psychosocial systems in place for the readmission of secondary school student mothers so as to put their livelihood back on track.
Insect and Pest Detection in Stored Grains: Analysis of Environmental Factors and Comparison of Deep Learning Methods
Authors: R. Devi Priya , N. Anitha , V. Devisurya , V. P. Vidhyaa , K. Shobiya , C. Suguna
Published: June 2022

Majority of the world’s population depends on agro-based economy for their income and survival. In developing and under-developed countries, due to reasons like basic farming techniques, less educational and technological exposure, lack of technological advancements and recent agricultural knowledge, yield of the crops is very low and moreover there is a huge loss during storage also. Insects, pests and diseases more often affect the stored grains and cause heavy damage to the quantity and quality of the grains. Insecticides and pesticides cannot provide better solution all the times and hence there is an acute need for computer vision based techniques capable of monitoring the spread of insects in the initial stages of storage and protecting the stored grains from further damages and losses. Hence, this paper provides analysis of various factors which can cause damage to the stored grains natural ways to protect crops. It provides the comparison results of various standard deep learning methods that are used to detect the insects and pests in stored grains.
Symmetry and spatial ability enhance change detection in visuospatial structures
Authors: He Chuanxiuyue , Rathbun Zoe , Buonauro Daniel , Meyerhoff Hauke S. , Franconeri Steven L. , Stieff Mike , Hegarty Mary
Published: June 2022

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) domains require people to recognize and transform complex visuospatial displays that appear to vastly exceed the limits of visuospatial working memory. Here, we consider possible domain-general mechanisms that may explain this advantage: capitalizing on symmetry, a structural regularity that can produce more efficient representations. Participants briefly viewed a structure made up of three-dimensional connected cubes of different colors, which was either asymmetrical or symmetrical. After a short delay, they were asked to detect a change (colors swapping positions) within a rotated second view. In change trials, the second display always had an asymmetrical structure. The presence of symmetry in the initial view improved change detection, and performance also declined with angular disparity of the encoding and test displays. People with higher spatial ability performed better on the change-detection task, but there was no evidence that they were better at leveraging symmetry than low-spatial individuals. The results suggest that leveraging symmetrical structures can help people of all ability levels exceed typical working memory limits by constructing more efficient representations and substituting resource-demanding mental rotation operations with alternative orientation-independent strategies.
Cruise Traveler’s Experience
Authors: Ali Faizan , Cobanoglu Cihan , Liu Sijun , Akhtar Naeem , Ryu Kisang
Published: June 2022

This study develops a measurement scale to assess cruise traveler experience. Based on the data collected from 341 respondents (Sample 1), exploratory factor analysis resulted in 15 items under four dimensions: Hedonics & escapism, social interaction, recognition & self-esteem, and activities and facilities. This factorial structure was then subjected to confirmatory factor analysis for validation using the second wave of data collected from 396 respondents (Sample 2). Furthermore, this study found significant roles of four dimensions on cruise satisfaction and post-consumption cruise behavior. Thus, this study makes significant contributions to consumer behavior by developing and validating the cruise traveler experience scale.
Environmental Skills Gaps in Tourism and Hospitality
Organisations
Authors: Carlisle Sheena , Ivanov Stanislav , Dijkmans Corne , Marco-Lajara Bartolome
Published: June 2022

This research analyses the current self-reported level of proficiency of environmental skills, the required future level of proficiency, and the gaps between them. Given the increasingly urgent need for the tourism industry to take action to support environmental management practices, this research provides evidence of key environmental skill gaps. Mixed methods research is applied where the sample includes 1404 respondents to a questionnaire and 264 interviewees from senior management of organisations from five tourism sectors (accommodation establishments, food and beverage outlets, destination management organisations, tour operators and travel agents, visitor attractions) in eight European countries. Analysis of variance, t-tests, correlation and cluster analyses, and Pearson Chi-square tests were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the country of registration, the size and the tourism sector type influence significantly the current and future proficiency levels of environmental skills, and the gaps between them. Most respondents did not receive environmental skills training. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications are also discussed.
The
Impacts of Covid-19 on the Tourism Sector
Authors: Brozović Danilo , Saito Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

This exploratory study charts the transformation of the tourism sector caused by the COVID-19 crisis. The article dissects five key domains of industry transformation: accelerated digitalisation, business model flexibility, human resources, travel restrictions, and risk perception and crisis management. It delineates the industry's changes, adaptations, and associated challenges in each domain. A review and content analysis of 240 publicly available online documents was conducted. The results provide managerial implications and avenues for future research in tourism, including the hybridisation of tourism products, transformation of the service encounter style, adaptation to a shifting travel mode, and increased risk awareness and preparedness.
Iniciación a la programación. Manual práctico
Authors: Bohada Jaime John Alexander , Rodríguez Barrera Claudia Hermencia , Delgado González Iván Andrés
Published: June 2022

La programación informática, desde la aparición de la computadora, ha sido el eje fundamental en su desarrollo y ha marcado la pauta en su evolución. Es así, que hoy no se concibe una computadora sin su componente lógico. Por ello, el desarrollo y la aplicación de buenas prácticas de programación ha sido un área muy importante en las últimas décadas. Todo ello enfocado a construir herramientas lógicas que ayuden en “la resolución de problemas”, que permitan mejorar procesos ejecutados por los humanos, convirtiendo esta actividad en un aspecto fundamental de la informática. La “resolución de problemas”, desde el punto de vista de la programación informática, puede dividirse en una serie de etapas: en primer lugar, el entender plenamente el problema a resolver, es vital para proponer una buena solución. Muchos de los errores que se presentan en la programación informática, corresponden a ésta situación, dado que no se hace un correcto análisis de problema, no se descubre exactamente qué es lo que se debe hacer con el programa, por ejemplo, cuáles es la información que se proporcionará al programa o cuáles son los datos de entrada, que cálculos se deben realizar para solucionar el programa y cuáles serán los resultados que se esperan y de qué manera el usuario espera que le sean presentados esos resultados.
Statistics of Water-group Band Ion Cyclotron Waves in Saturn's Inner Magnetosphere Based on 13 yr of Cassini Measurements
Authors: Long Minyi , Cao Xing , Gu Xudong , Ni Binbin , Qu Shaojie , Ye Shengyi , Yao Zhonghua , Wu Siyuan , Xu Yan
Published: June 2022

Based on Cassini observations from 2004 to 2016, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the statistical distribution of the occurrence rate, averaged amplitude, wave normal angle (WNA), ellipticity, and power spectral intensity of ion cyclotron waves in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. Our results show that ion cyclotron waves mainly occur between the orbits of Enceladus and Dione near the equatorial region (∣λ∣ < 20°), with higher occurrence rates in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere. The averaged wave amplitudes vary between 0.1 and 2 nT with a strong day–night asymmetry and a pronounced minimum at the equator. Saturnian ion cyclotron waves are predominantly left-handed polarized with small WNAs near the equator and become linearly polarized with larger WNAs at higher latitudes. The major wave power occurs frequently at frequencies of 0.5–1.2

f

w
+

, where

f

w
+

is the equatorial gyrofrequency of H2O+ ions, with the strongest intensity (>∼10 nT2 Hz−1) at L ∼ 6.5 statistically present in the midnight sector.
Correlation between Two Evaluation Methods for the Effect of Two Desensitizing Materials: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Elashwah Mahmoud , Elezz Ahmed Fawzy Abo , Safy Rehab Khalil
Published: June 2022

AIM: This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on dentin remineralization at two different application times.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two human dentin specimens of 1 mm thickness were prepared and randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment material (M) used: fluoride varnish with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (M1) and Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) (M2). Following treatment, each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 8) based on the storage time in artificial saliva into: (S); subgroup (S1); storage for 15 days and subgroup (S2); storage for 30 days. Dentin permeability was measured for all specimens at baseline and after applying the treatment protocol. All specimens were photomicrographed using ESEM before and after the treatment protocol.
RESULTS: The highest permeability reduction percent mean value was recorded for M1S2 specimens (90% ± 20), with a statistically significant difference with other subgroups, followed by subgroup M2S2 (56% ± 8) and subgroup M1S1 (51% ± 11), respectively. Meanwhile, the subgroup M2S1 had the lowest mean value (36% ± 9). In addition, the dentin permeability test was confirmed by the ESEM results.
CONCLUSION: EMD could be used as a promising remineralizing agent for dentin remineralization.
Melorheostosis or "Dripping Candle Wax" Bone Disease
Authors: Remize Solène , De Courtivron Benoit , Jeanne Médéric
Published: June 2022

Melorheostosis, also known as Leri-Joanny disease,1 is a very rare skeletal dysplasia manifesting as regions of bone sclerosis with a characteristic flowing candle wax appearance in the classical form of the disease. In addition to this classical pattern, 3 other types of melorheostosis have been described: osteoma-like, osteopathia striata–like, and myositis ossificans–like.
Long-term Behavioral Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact of Vaccination in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Glintborg Bente , Jensen Dorte Vendelbo , Terslev Lene , Hendricks Oliver , Østergaard Mikkel , Rasmussen Simon Horskjær , Jensen Mogens Pfeiffer , Adelsten Thomas , Colic Ada , Danebod Kamilla , Kildemand Malene , Loft Anne Gitte , Munk Heidi Lausten , Pedersen Jens Kristian , Østgård René Drage , Sørensen Christian Møller , Krogh Niels Steen , Agerbo Jette Nørgaard , Ziegler Connie , Hetland Merete Lund
Published: June 2022

Objective

To explore anxiety and self-isolation in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD)15 months into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including attitudes toward and effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Methods

A nationwide online survey was conducted at 3 timepoints: May 2020, November 2020, and May 2021. Patients with IRD followed in the Danish Rheumatology Quality Registry (DANBIO) were asked about the effects of the pandemic, including SARS-CoV-2 infection and their behavior, anxiety, and concerns. The May 2021 survey included attitudes toward SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination. Characteristics associated with self-isolation in May 2021 were explored with adjusted logistic regression analyses that included patient characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status.

Results

Respondents to surveys 1, 2, and 3 included 12,789; 14,755; and 13,921 patients, respectively; 64% had rheumatoid arthritis and 63% were female. Anxiety and concerns were highest in May 2020 and decreased to stable levels in November 2020 and May 2021; 86%, 50%, and 52% of respondents reported self-isolation, respectively. In May 2021, 4% of respondents self-reported previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine acceptance rate was 86%, and the proportion of patients vaccinated against influenza had increased from 50% in winter 2019-2020 to 64% in winter 2020-2021. The proportion of patients with anxiety appeared similar among those vaccinated and unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. In multivariable analyses, being unvaccinated, female gender, receiving biologic drugs, and poor quality of life were independently associated with self-isolation.

Conclusion

Levels of anxiety and self-isolation decreased after the initial lockdown period in patients with IRD. Half of the patients reported self-isolation in May 2021, a phase that included widespread reopening of society and large-scale vaccination. The lack of prepandemic data prevented a full understanding of the long-term effects of the pandemic on anxiety and self-isolation in patients with IRD.