bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress hormones promote DNA damage in human oral keratinocytes
Authors: Valente Vitor Bonetti , de Melo Cardoso Diovana , Kayahara Giseli Mitsuy , Nunes Giovana Barros , Tjioe Kellen Cristine , Biasoli Éder Ricardo , Miyahara Glauco Issamu , Oliveira Sandra Helena Penha , Mingoti Gisele Zoccal , Bernabé Daniel Galera
Published: October 2021

Chronic stress increases the systemic levels of stress hormones norepinephrine and cortisol. As well as tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK (4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone), they can induce expressive DNA damage contributing to the cancer development. However, it is unknown whether stress hormones have genotoxic effects in oral keratinocytes. This study investigated the effects of stress hormones on DNA damage in a human oral keratinocyte cell line (NOK-SI). NOK-SI cells stimulated with norepinephrine or cortisol showed higher DNA damage compared to untreated cells. Norepinephrine-induced DNA damage was reversed by pre-treatment with beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol. Cells treated with NNK combined to norepinephrine displayed reduced levels of caspases 3 and 7. Cortisol also reduced the activity of pro-apoptotic enzymes. NNK or norepinephrine promoted single-strand breaks and alkali-label side breaks in the DNA of NOK-SI cells. Pre-treatment of cells with propranolol abolished these effects. Carcinogen NNK in the presence or absence of cortisol also induced DNA damage of these cells. The genotoxic effects of cortisol alone and hormone combined with NNK were blocked partially and totally, respectively, by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. DNA damage promoted by NNK or cortisol and carcinogen combined to the hormone led to intracellular γH2AX accumulation. The effects caused by NNK and cortisol were reversed by propranolol and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486, respectively. Propranolol inhibited the oxidation of basis induced by NNK in the presence of DNA-formamidopyrimidine glycosylase. DNA breaks induced by norepinephrine in the presence or absence of NNK resulted in higher 8OHdG cellular levels. This effect was also induced through beta-adrenergic receptors. Together, these findings indicate that stress hormones induce DNA damage of oral keratinocytes and could contribute to oral carcinogenesis.
Positive association between actinic keratosis and internal malignancies: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Lee Young Bok , Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Yeong Ho , Seo Ji Min , Yu Dong Soo , Park Yong Gyu , Han Kyung Do
Published: October 2021

Little is known about the comorbidities in actinic keratosis patients. To evaluate the association of actinic keratosis with certain malignancies. All patients with actinic keratosis (n = 61,438) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 307,190) at a 5:1 ratio were enrolled using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between the years 2007 and 2014. In subjects with actinic keratosis, overall cancer incidence was higher than that for controls after income level, habitat, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were adjusted (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.43 [95% confidence interval 1.38–1.47]). The positive association of specific cancers were observed in the following order: skin cancer (HR = 3.43 [2.47–4.75]), oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (HR = 1.99 [1.57–2.52]), lymphoma (HR = 1.59 [1.28–1.96]), leukemia (HR = 1.35 [1.03–1.77]), prostate cancer (HR = 1.35 [1.21–1.51]), renal cancer (HR = 1.29 [1.02–1.63]), liver cancer (HR = 1.21 [1.09–1.35]), thyroid cancer (HR = 1.20 [1.05–1.38]), and gastric cancer (HR = 1.13 [1.03–1.23]). Although further research on pathologic mechanism is needed, the implications of a positive correlation between actinic keratosis and internal organ malignancies has great significance.
Validation of a modified version of the adult developmental eye movement test
Authors: Gené-Sampedro Andrés , Monteiro Pedro Miguel Lourenço , Bueno-Gimeno Inmaculada , Gene-Morales Javier , Piñero David P.
Published: October 2021

This study evaluates in terms of reliability, internal consistency, and validity a modification of the Adult Developmental Eye Movement (ADEM) test, ADEM with distractors (ADEMd), designed to analyse oculomotor system, visual processing and visual attentional behaviour. 302 healthy subjects participated in the study (20–86 years old). Intrasession repeatability was evaluated by analysing the correlation between the time needed to read different parts of the test. Inter-session analyses were carried in 40 subjects by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients and using the Bland–Altman method. Validity was assessed in the outcomes obtained according to age as well as investigating the correlation between ADEMd and attentional useful field of vision (UFOV) test. Correlation coefficients between times need to read each sheet were ≥ 0.95 (p < 0.001). The inter-session intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.81 in the horizontal distractor sheet to 0.97 in the vertical sheet. Bland–Altman analysis showed clinically acceptable limits of agreement. Statistically significant correlations were found between age and ADEMd outcomes (r ≥ 0.55, p < 0.001). Processing velocity, divided attention and selective attention measured with the UFOV were correlated with the horizontal distractor times (r ≥ 0.32, p < 0.001). ADEMd test may be a useful clinical tool to evaluate the combined interaction of ocular movements and visual attentional behaviour.
Assessment of dens invaginatus and its characteristics in maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Alkadi Manal , Almohareb Rahaf , Mansour Soad , Mehanny Mohamed , Alsadhan Raed
Published: October 2021

This cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dens invaginatus (DI) and its characteristics in maxillary anterior teeth in a Saudi population. A total of 505 CBCT scans were evaluated, including a total of 2790 maxillary anterior teeth. The patients’ demographic data, including age and sex, were recorded. The presence of DI and the related characteristics including bilateral occurrence; DI type according to Oehlers classification; and presence of periapical radiolucency, open apex, and/or nearby impacted teeth were analyzed. The associations between DI and the other factors were analyzed using the chi-square and fisher exact tests. DI was detected in 7.3% of the patients and 1.6% of the teeth examined. Most of the DI-affected teeth were maxillary lateral incisors (76.1%), followed by mesiodens (19.6%) and maxillary central incisors (4.3%), while no DI was observed in the maxillary canines. Bilateral DI was found in 24.3% of the affected patients. Oehlers type I DI was the most frequent (80%). Periapical radiolucencies, open apices, and nearby impacted teeth were observed in 10.9%, 4.3%, and 30% of the invaginated teeth, respectively. DI was significantly associated with tooth type (P < 0.0001) but not with sex (P > 0.05). Although most of the DI cases are limited to the crown, CBCT imaging is essential for DI evaluation and management.
Evaluation of airway inflammation in mechanically ventilated patients using cell count and protein concentration
Authors: Stamatiou Rodopi , Tsolaki Vasiliki , Hatziefthimiou Apostolia , Zakynthinos Epaminondas , Makris Demosthenes
Published: October 2021

Mechanically ventilated (MV) patients may present airway inflammation and elevated secretion production. However, it is unknown whether cell and/or protein counts in bronchial samples may be useful to evaluate their clinical condition. Our aim was to standardize sampling and propose a new mechanical mucus dissolution in Tracheal-Bronchial secretions. In all patients, bronchial lining fluid aspiration (BLF), Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Bronchial Washings (BW40, BW5) were performed, while visible bronchial secretions were obtained via bronchoscopy (VBS) and blinded, via a common catheter for tracheobronchial aspiration (AC). Mucus was mechanically or DTT dissolved and cell number was count. Protein, albumin and TNF-α levels were measured, in mucus dissolved samples from control and MV patients. Cell number and protein levels were elevated in mucus dissolved compared to non-dissolved, or DTT dissolved. Cell number and TNF-α levels were elevated in MV patients compared to controls, while protein levels were lower in MV patients. Differences in cell and protein levels were observed in samples acquired using different sampling technics. Therefore, mechanical mucus dissolution provides a proper sample for evaluation, and the sampling technic used can influence the sample’s characteristics.
Volume rendered 3D OCTA assessment of macular ischemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and without diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Grosso Domenico , Parravano Mariacristina , Costanzo Eliana , Brambati Maria , Viganò Chiara , Sacconi Riccardo , Querques Lea , Pina Adelaide , De Geronimo Daniele , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to measure macular perfusion in patients with type 1 diabetes and no signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using volume rendered three-dimensional (3D) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). We collected data from 35 patients with diabetes and no DR who had OCTA obtained. An additional control group of 35 eyes from 35 healthy subjects was included for comparison. OCTA volume data were processed with a previously presented algorithm in order to obtain the 3D vascular volume and 3D perfusion density. In order to weigh the contribution of different plexuses’ impairment to volume rendered vascular perfusion, OCTA en face images were binarized in order to obtain two-dimensional (2D) perfusion density metrics. Mean ± SD age was 27.2 ± 10.2 years [range 19–64 years] in the diabetic group and 31.0 ± 11.4 years [range 19–61 years] in the control group (p = 0.145). The 3D vascular volume was 0.27 ± 0.05 mm3 in the diabetic group and 0.29 ± 0.04 mm3 in the control group (p = 0.020). The 3D perfusion density was 9.3 ± 1.6% and 10.3 ± 1.6% in diabetic patients and controls, respectively (p = 0.005). Using a 2D visualization, the perfusion density was lower in diabetic patients, but only at the deep vascular complex (DVC) level (38.9 ± 3.7% in diabetes and 41.0 ± 3.1% in controls, p = 0.001), while no differences were detected at the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) level (34.4 ± 3.1% and 34.3 ± 3.8% in the diabetic and healthy subjects, respectively, p = 0.899). In conclusion, eyes without signs of DR of patients with diabetes have a reduced volume rendered macular perfusion compared to control healthy eyes.
Ileal mucosa-associated microbiota overgrowth associated with pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Kitahata Shogo , Yamamoto Yasunori , Yoshida Osamu , Tokumoto Yoshio , Kawamura Tomoe , Furukawa Shinya , Kumagi Teru , Hirooka Masashi , Takeshita Eiji , Abe Masanori , Ikeda Yoshiou , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: October 2021

The small intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) can potentially impact the etiology of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Herein, we investigate the MAM profile to determine its association with liver pathology in patients with PBC. Thirty-four patients with PBC and 21 healthy controls who underwent colonoscopy at our hospital were enrolled in our study. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of MAM samples obtained from the mucosa of the terminal ileum and examined the relationship between the abundance of ileal MAM and chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis using liver specimens from patients with PBC. There was a significant reduction in microbial diversity within individuals with PBC (P = 0.039). Dysbiosis of ileal MAM was observed in patients with PBC, with a characteristic overgrowth of Sphingomonadaceae and Pseudomonas. Multivariate analysis showed that the overgrowth of Sphingomonadaceae and Pseudomonas is an independent association factor for PBC (P = 0.0429, P = 0.026). Moreover, the abundance of Sphingomonadaceae was associated with chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in PBC (P = 0.00981). The overgrowth of Sphingomonadaceae and Pseudomonas in ileal MAM was found in patients with PBC. Sphingomonadaceae may be associated with the pathological development of PBC.
Study of microbiocenosis of canine dental biofilms
Authors: Kačírová Jana , Maďari Aladár , Mucha Rastislav , Fecskeová Lívia K. , Mujakic Izabela , Koblížek Michal , Nemcová Radomíra , Maďar Marián
Published: October 2021

Dental biofilm is a complex microbial community influenced by many exogenous and endogenous factors. Despite long-term studies, its bacterial composition is still not clearly understood. While most of the research on dental biofilms was conducted in humans, much less information is available from companion animals. In this study, we analyzed the composition of canine dental biofilms using both standard cultivation on solid media and amplicon sequencing, and compared the two approaches. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to define the bacterial community of canine dental biofilm with both, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. After DNA extraction from each sample, the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq platform. Isolated bacteria were identified using universal primers and Sanger sequencing. Representatives of 18 bacterial genera belonging to 5 phyla were isolated from solid media. Amplicon sequencing largely expanded this information identifying in total 284 operational taxonomic units belonging to 10 bacterial phyla. Amplicon sequencing revealed much higher diversity of bacteria in the canine dental biofilms, when compared to standard cultivation approach. In contrast, cultured representatives of several bacterial families were not identified by amplicon sequencing.
Increasing heat and rainfall extremes now far outside the historical climate
Authors: Robinson Alexander , Lehmann Jascha , Barriopedro David , Rahmstorf Stefan , Coumou Dim
Published: October 2021

Over the last decade, the world warmed by 0.25 °C, in-line with the roughly linear trend since the 1970s. Here we present updated analyses showing that this seemingly small shift has led to the emergence of heat extremes that would be virtually impossible without anthropogenic global warming. Also, record rainfall extremes have continued to increase worldwide and, on average, 1 in 4 rainfall records in the last decade can be attributed to climate change. Tropical regions, comprised of vulnerable countries that typically contributed least to anthropogenic climate change, continue to see the strongest increase in extremes.
Development features and study characteristics of mobile health apps in the management of chronic conditions: a systematic review of randomised trials
Authors: Cucciniello Maria , Petracca Francesco , Ciani Oriana , Tarricone Rosanna
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 pandemic challenges have accelerated the reliance on digital health fuelling the expanded incorporation of mobile apps into healthcare services, particularly for the management of long-term conditions such as chronic diseases (CDs). However, the impact of health apps on outcomes for CD remains unclear, potentially owing to both the poor adoption of formal development standards in the design process and the methodological quality of studies. A systematic search of randomised trials was performed on Medline, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library and Scopus to provide a comprehensive outlook and review the impact of health apps on CD. We identified 69 studies on diabetes (n = 29), cardiovascular diseases (n = 13), chronic respiratory diseases (n = 13), cancer (n = 10) or their combinations (n = 4). The apps rarely adopted developmental factors in the design stage, with only around one-third of studies reporting user or healthcare professional engagement. Apps differed significantly in content, with a median of eight behaviour change techniques adopted, most frequently pertaining to the ‘Feedback and monitoring’ (91%) and ‘Shaping knowledge’ (72%) categories. As for the study methodologies, all studies adopted a traditional randomised control trial (RCT) design, with relatively short follow-ups and limited sample sizes. Findings were not significant for the majority of studies across all CD, with most RCTs revealing a high risk of bias. To support the adoption of apps for CD management, this review reinforces the need for more robust development and appropriate study characteristics to sustain evidence generation and elucidate whether study results reflect the true benefits of apps or a biased estimate due to unsuitable designs.
The application of tissue-engineered fish swim bladder vascular graft
Authors: Bai Hualong , Sun Peng , Wu Haoliang , Wei Shunbo , Xie Boao , Wang Wang , Hou Yachen , Li Jing’an , Dardik Alan , Li Zhuo
Published: October 2021

Small diameter (< 6 mm) prosthetic vascular grafts continue to show very low long-term patency, but bioengineered vascular grafts show promising results in preclinical experiments. To assess a new scaffold source, we tested the use of decellularized fish swim bladder as a vascular patch and tube in rats. Fresh goldfish (Carassius auratus) swim bladder was decellularized, coated with rapamycin and then formed into patches or tubes for implantation in vivo. The rapamycin-coated patches showed decreased neointimal thickness in both the aorta and inferior vena cava patch angioplasty models. Rapamycin-coated decellularized swim bladder tubes implanted into the aorta showed decreased neointimal thickness compared to uncoated tubes, as well as fewer macrophages. These data show that the fish swim bladder can be used as a scaffold source for tissue-engineering vascular patches or vessels.
Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the causal relationship between aging and COVID-19
Authors: Ying Kejun , Zhai Ranran , Pyrkov Timothy V. , Shindyapina Anastasia V. , Mariotti Marco , Fedichev Peter O. , Shen Xia , Gladyshev Vadim N.
Published: October 2021

Background

Epidemiological studies revealed that the elderly and those with comorbidities are most affected by COVID-19, but it is important to investigate shared genetic mechanisms between COVID-19 risk and aging.

Methods

We conducted a multi-instrument Mendelian Randomization analysis of multiple lifespan-related traits and COVID-19. Aging clock models were applied to the subjects with different COVID-19 conditions in the UK-Biobank cohort. We performed a bivariate genomic scan for age-related COVID-19 and Mendelian Randomization analysis of 389 immune cell traits to investigate their effect on lifespan and COVID-19 risk.

Results

We show that the genetic variation that supports longer life is significantly associated with the lower risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. The odds ratio is 0.31 (P = 9.7 × 10−6) and 0.46 (P = 3.3 × 10−4), respectively, per additional 10 years of life. We detect an association between biological age acceleration and future incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection. Genetic profiling of age-related COVID-19 infection indicates key contributions of Notch signaling and immune system development. We reveal a negative correlation between the effects of immune cell traits on lifespan and COVID-19 risk. We find that lower B-cell CD19 levels are indicative of an increased risk of COVID-19 and decreased life expectancy, which is further validated by COVID-19 clinical data.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that the factors that accelerate aging lead to an increased COVID-19 risk and point to the importance of Notch signaling and B cells in both. Interventions that target these factors to reduce biological age may reduce the risk of COVID-19.
Advances on chemically modified antimicrobial peptides for generating peptide antibiotics
Authors: Rezende Samilla B. , Oshiro Karen G. N. , Júnior Nelson G. O. , Franco Octávio L. , Cardoso Marlon H.
Published: October 2021

Chemical modifications in AMPs, including glycosylation, lipidation, PEGylation, cyclization, grafting, stapling, d-amino acids, and dendrimers are used to fine-tune peptide antibiotics candidates for bacterial infections treatment.
Emissive oxidase-like nanozyme based on an organic molecular cage
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yang Bin-Bin , Fang Zi-Jun , Ou Qiang , Ma Hui , Zhang Qing-Pu , Sun Yu-Ling , Zhang Chun
Published: October 2021

An oxidase-like nano-enzyme organic molecular cage (ZnDPA-TPE-Cage), possessing aggregation-induced enhancement effect and high ROS generation ability, can selectively image and kill Gram-positive S. aureus simultaneously.
Tuning the organelle specificity and cytotoxicity of iridium(iii) photosensitisers for enhanced phototheranostic applications
Authors: Zhu Jing-Hui , Xu Guang-Xi , Shum Justin , Lee Lawrence Cho-Cheung , Lo Kenneth Kam-Wing
Published: October 2021

Luminescent cyclometallated iridium(iii) POSS complexes were designed as efficient theranostic agents that displayed tuneable organelle-targeting properties, minimal dark cytotoxicity and substantial photocytotoxicity even under hypoxia.
Interface modification of an electron transport layer using europium acetate for enhancing the performance of P3HT-based inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ren Weihua , Liu Yifan , Wu Yukun , Sun Qinjun , Cui Yanxia , Hao Yuying
Published: October 2021

TiO2 become a better substrate after EuAc3 modifying, defects are reduced effectively, and the energy level arrangement between TiO2 and CsPbI3 is optimized. As the result, the PCE of CsPbI3 PSCs is enhanced to 16.76% from 15.51%.
Tetra-substituted phthalocyanines bearing thiazolidine derivatives: synthesis, anticancer activity on different cancer cell lines, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Bilgiçli Ahmet T. , Hepokur Ceylan , Bilgicli Hayriye Genc , Tüzün Burak , Günsel Armağan , Mısır Sema , Zengin Mustafa , Yarasir M. Nilüfer
Published: October 2021

α-substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized due to their promising anticancer compounds. Their aggregation behavior and biological properties were investigated by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as molecular docking studies.
Piperine inhibits AML-12 hepatocyte EMT and LX-2 HSC activation and alleviates mouse liver fibrosis provoked by CCl4: roles in the activation of the Nrf2 cascade and subsequent suppression of the TGF-β1/Smad axis
Authors: Shu Guangwen , Yusuf Arslan , Dai Chenxi , Sun Hui , Deng Xukun
Published: October 2021

Piperine inhibits hepatocyte EMT and HSC activation and ameliorates mouse liver fibrosis provoked by CCl4viaactivating Nrf2 and subsequently suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling.
Muscope: a miniature on-chip lensless microscope
Authors: Prajapati Ekta , Kumar Saurav , Kumar Shishir
Published: October 2021

We report the Muscope, a miniature lensless holographic microscope suitable for on-chip integration.
Molecular trace detection in liquids using refocusing optical feedback by a silver-coated capillary
Authors: Kang Chen , Sun Zhoutao , Fang Xiaohui , Zha Lei , Han Yu , Liu Hongmei , Guo Jinxin , Zhang Xinping
Published: October 2021

Due to the refocusing optical feedback in the silver-coated capillary, the uniform SERS sensitivity across the end face of large-size liquid channel is realized.
Co-modification of lignocellulosic biomass by maleic anhydride and ferric hydroxide for the highly efficient biosorption of methylene blue
Authors: Gao Youcheng , Zeng Jun , Zhu Siming , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2021

Ferric hydroxide and microwave-assisted solvent-free esterification was applied in the modification of SBP to synthesize an efficient cationic dye adsorbent.
High-field polarization boosting visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution of narrow-bandgap semiconducting (1 − x)KNbO3–xBa(Ni1/2Nb1/2)O3−δ ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Lan Yuchen , Tang Wenbin , Yuan Changlai , Xue Xiao Gang , Liu Xiao , Zhu Baohua , Meng Liufang , Zhou Changrong , Liu Fei , Xu Jiwen , Wang Jiang , Rao Guanghui
Published: October 2021

The photocatalytic H2 evolution of semiconducting KN-based ferroelectrics and its further boosting via a high-field polarization has been studied.
A novel dual crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogel with self-healing and stretchable properties
Authors: Huang Kexin , Xu Haotian , Chen Cheng , Shi Fengna , Wang Fang , Li Jiarui , Hu Sheng
Published: October 2021

We synthesized oxidatively modified acetoacetyl cellulose OCAA, and then a double-network polysaccharide complex hydrogel was prepared. The hydrogel exhibited very good mechanical strength, self-healing behavior, and good biocompatibility.
Thermal stability and pathways for the oxidation of four 3-phenyl-2-propene compounds
Authors: Yu Chang , Liang Min , Dai Su-Yi , Cheng Hai-Jun , Ma Li , Lai Fang , Liu Xiong-Min , Li Wei-Guang
Published: October 2021

A new attempt to investigate the thermal stability and reactivity of four 3-phenyl-2-propene compounds with oxygen by MCPVT has been reported.
Fabrication of polyimide/graphene nanosheet composite fibers via microwave-assisted imidization strategy
Authors: Jia Wei , Zhou Lingren , Jiang Ming , Du Jiang , Zhang Mengying , Han Enlin , Niu Hongqing , Wu Dezhen
Published: October 2021

Here, a rapid and efficient strategy was introduced to prepare polyimide/graphene nanosheet (PI/GN) composite fibers by microwave-assisted imidization.
Highly efficient hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol over Ni-based catalysts derived from Ni-MOF-74
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Lidong , Zhu Tianhan , Jiang Nan , Li Feng , Wang Huan , Zhang Chunlei , Song Hua
Published: October 2021

Highly efficient Ni@C-400 catalyst for selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol was developed from Ni-MOF-74.
Cooperative C–H activation of pyridine by PBP complexes of Rh and Ir can lead to bridging 2-pyridyls with different connectivity to the B–M unit
Authors: Cao Yihan , Shih Wei-Chun , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Zhou Jia , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: October 2021

The thermodynamic preference between two isomeric products of C–H activation of pyridine, with 2-pyridyl bridging boron and iridium or rhodium, primarily depends on the M–C bond strength.
Comment on “Uncommon structural and bonding properties in Ag16B4O10” by A. Kovalevskiy, C. Yin, J. Nuss, U. Wedig, and M. Jansen, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 962
Authors: Lobato A. , Salvadó Miguel A. , Recio J. Manuel
Published: October 2021

ELF superbasins (dark-yellow stick and ball circuits) reveal how borate clusters (green and red spheres) play the role of crystal defects interrupting the electric conductivity of metallic silver (grey spheres).
A porous carbon layer wrapped Co3Fe7 alloy derived from a bimetallic conjugated microporous polymer as a trifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries and self-powered overall water splitting
Authors: Guo Wenxue , Luan Xiujuan , Sun Peng , Wang Tao , Luo Haotian , Li Xiaotong , Li Chengde , Tan Wei , Bai Jingkun , Wang Qiang , Zhou Baolong
Published: October 2021

A porous graphitic carbon layer wrapped Co3Fe7 alloy and Co5.47N composite was prepared from a bimetallic CMP which could be used as an efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air battery and self-powered overall water splitting.
Carbon-based single atom catalysts for tailoring the ORR pathway: a concise review
Authors: Hu Jinwen , Liu Wei , Xin Cuncun , Guo Jingya , Cheng Xusheng , Wei Jiazhen , Hao Ce , Zhang Guifeng , Shi Yantao
Published: October 2021

Synthetic methodologies, structure-dependent catalytic properties and synergistic catalysis of C-SACs for the ORR are briefly reviewed to deepen researchers' understanding of this field and design more efficient targeted electrocatalysts.
K2ZnMoP2O10: a novel nonlinear optical molybdophosphate with a strong second harmonic generation response and moderate birefringence
Authors: Liu Haonan , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: October 2021

A novel noncentrosymmetric molybdophosphate, K2ZnMoP2O10 with a strong second harmonic generation response and moderate birefringence, is successfully designed and synthesized by introducing nonlinear optically active Zn2+ and Mo6+ cations.
Beyond base excision repair: an evolving picture of mitochondrial DNA repair
Authors: Allkanjari Kathrin , Baldock Robert A.
Published: October 2021

Mitochondria are highly specialised organelles required for key cellular processes including ATP production through cellular respiration and controlling cell death via apoptosis. Unlike other organelles, mitochondria contain their own DNA genome which encodes both protein and RNA required for cellular respiration. Each cell may contain hundreds to thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome, which is essential for normal cellular function – deviation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is associated with cellular ageing and disease. Furthermore, mtDNA lesions can arise from both endogenous or exogenous sources and must either be tolerated or corrected to preserve mitochondrial function. Importantly, replication of damaged mtDNA can lead to stalling and introduction of mutations or genetic loss, mitochondria have adapted mechanisms to repair damaged DNA. These mechanisms rely on nuclear-encoded DNA repair proteins that are translocated into the mitochondria.

Despite the presence of many known nuclear DNA repair proteins being found in the mitochondrial proteome, it remains to be established which DNA repair mechanisms are functional in mammalian mitochondria. Here, we summarise the existing and emerging research, alongside examining proteomic evidence, demonstrating that mtDNA damage can be repaired using Base Excision Repair (BER), Homologous Recombination (HR) and Microhomology-mediated End Joining (MMEJ). Critically, these repair mechanisms do not operate in isolation and evidence for interplay between pathways and repair associated with replication is discussed. Importantly, characterising non-canonical functions of key proteins and understanding the bespoke pathways used to tolerate, repair or bypass DNA damage will be fundamental in fully understanding the causes of mitochondrial genome mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction.
High-volume endurance exercise training stimulates hematopoiesis by increasing ACE NH2-terminal activity
Authors: Magalhães Flávio de Castro , Fernandes Tiago , Bassaneze Vinícius , Mattos Katt Coelho , Schettert Isolmar , Marques Fabio Luiz Navarro , Krieger José Eduardo , Nava Roberto , Barauna Valério Garrone , Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
Published: October 2021

One of the health benefits of endurance exercise training (ET) is the stimulation of hematopoiesis. However, the mechanisms underlying ET-induced hematopoietic adaptations are understudied. N–Acetyl–Seryl–Aspartyl–Lysyl–Proline (Ac-SDKP) inhibits proliferation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) NH2-terminal promotes hematopoiesis by inhibiting the anti-hematopoietic effect of Ac-SDKP. Here we demonstrate for the first time the role of ACE NH2-terminal in ET-induced hematopoietic adaptations. Wistar rats were subjected to 10 weeks of moderate-(T1) and high-(T2) volume swimming-training. Although both protocols induced classical ET-associated adaptations, only T2 increased plasma ACE NH2-domain activity (by 40%, P=0.0003) and reduced Ac-SDKP levels (by 50%, P<0.0001). T2 increased the number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs; ∼200%, P=0.0008), early erythroid progenitor colonies (∼300%, P<0.0001) and reticulocytes (∼500%, P=0.0007), and reduced erythrocyte lifespan (∼50%, P=0.022). Following, Wistar rats were subjected to T2 or T2 combined with ACE NH2-terminal inhibition (captopril (Cap) treatment: 10 mg.kg−1.day−1). T2 combined with ACE NH2-terminal inhibition prevented Ac-SDKP decrease and attenuated ET-induced hematopoietic adaptations. Altogether, our findings show that ET-induced hematopoiesis was at least partially associated with increased ACE NH2-terminal activity and reduction in the hematopoietic inhibitor Ac-SDKP.
Predicting far-infrared maps of galaxies via machine learning techniques
Authors: Dobbels Wouter , Baes Maarten
Published: October 2021

Context. The ultraviolet (UV) to sub-millimetre spectral energy distribution of galaxies can be roughly divided into two sections: the stellar emission (attenuated by dust) at UV to near-infrared wavelengths and dust emission at longer wavelengths. In Dobbels et al. (2020, A&A, 634, A57), we show that these two sections are strongly related, and we can predict the global dust properties from the integrated UV to mid-infrared emission with the help of machine learning techniques.

Aims. We investigate if these machine learning techniques can also be extended to resolved scales. Our aim is to predict resolved maps of the specific dust luminosity, specific dust mass, and dust temperature starting from a set of surface brightness images from UV to mid-infrared wavelengths.

Methods. We used a selection of nearby galaxies retrieved from the DustPedia sample, in addition to M31 and M33. These were convolved and resampled to a range of pixel sizes, ranging from 150 pc to 3 kpc. We trained a random forest model which considers each pixel individually.

Results. We find that the predictions work well on resolved scales, with the dust mass and temperature having a similar root mean square error as on global scales (0.32 dex and 3.15 K on 18″ scales respectively), and the dust luminosity being noticeably better (0.11 dex). We find no significant dependence on the pixel scale. Predictions on individual galaxies can be biased, and we find that about two-thirds of the scatter can be attributed to scatter between galaxies (rather than within galaxies).

Conclusions. A machine learning approach can be used to create dust maps, with its resolution being only limited to the input bands, thus achieving a higher resolution than Herschel. These dust maps can be used to improve global estimates of dust properties, they can lead to a better estimate of dust attenuation, and they can be used as a constraint on cosmological simulations that trace dust.
Housing Energy Equivalence: A Graphical Approach
Authors: Pages-Ramon Anna , Lopez-Besora Judit , Alonso-Montolio Carlos
Published: October 2021

All buildings, even the most passive, need active energy to provide habitability. Apart from heating and cooling needs, which have been broadly studied and regulated, a significant percentage of the energy consumed in housing is due to home appliances. Furthermore, this value is increasing as the design of environmental conditioning becomes more efficient. The objective of this paper is to visualize the impact of these consumptions by a graphical equivalence that uses drawing to represent the surface area of photovoltaic modules that correspond to the energy demand. With this aim, a straightforward method is proposed based on graphical means that fit well with the working practice of architects. The procedure starts by detailing the energy consumption of a home, focusing on the consumption values of all appliances and lighting. Next, each single value is converted into the surface area of photovoltaic modules required to produce this energy in one year. Finally, each appliance and its corresponding energy production area are represented graphically side by side, resulting in the housing energy equivalence. This method has been tested by a group of architecture master's students using their own homes as the case study. The results show that the energy equivalent surface area for lighting and appliances represents between 8% and 46% of the floor area of their homes. Altogether, this approach makes visible a pending question in sustainable building design − the consumption of electrical home appliances − and provides rough graphical data which is useful for pre-dimensioning in the architectural design process.
Chemosaturation durch perkutane hepatische Perfusion mit Melphalan bei hepatisch metastasiertem Aderhautmelanom: eine Überlebens- und Sicherheitsanalyse
Authors: Dewald Cornelia Lieselotte Angelika , Hinrichs Jan B. , Becker Lena Sophie , Maschke Sabine , Meine Timo C. , Saborowski Anna , Schönfeld Leon Jonas , Vogel Arndt , Kirstein Martha M. , Wacker Frank K.
Published: October 2021

Ziel Die Chemosaturation mittels perkutaner hepatischer Perfusion mit Melphalan (CS-PHP) ist ein palliatives Therapieverfahren für Patienten mit nicht kurativ behandelbaren Lebertumoren. Die CS-PHP erlaubt eine selektive intrahepatische Anreicherung von hochdosiertem Melphalan bei minimaler systemischer Toxizität durch venöse Hämofiltration. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Ansprechen und Überleben sowie die Sicherheit der CS-PHP-Prozedur bei Patienten mit leberdominant metastasiertem Aderhautmelanom zu evaluieren.

Material und Methoden Gesamtansprechrate (overall response rate, ORR) und Krankheitskontrollrate (disease control rate, DCR) wurden anhand von Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST1.1) ermittelt. Medianes Gesamtüberleben (mOS), medianes progressionsfreies Überleben (mPFS) und hepatisches mPFS (mhPFS) wurden mittels Kaplan-Meier-Schätzer ermittelt. Nebenwirkungen wurden entsprechend der einheitlichen Terminologie-Kriterien für Nebenwirkungen (CTCAE) v5 klassifiziert.

Ergebnisse 30 Patienten wurden zwischen Oktober 2014 und Januar 2019 mit 70 Chemosaturationen behandelt. Die ORR betrug 42,3 % und die DCR 80,8 %. Das mOS betrug 12 (95 %-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 7–15) Monate, das mPFS 6 (95 %-KI 4–10) und das mhPFS ebenfalls 6 (95 %-KI 4–13) Monate. Signifikante, aber transiente hämatotoxische Nebenwirkungen waren häufig (87 % Grad-3/4-Thrombozytopenie), hepatische Toxizität bis Leberversagen (n = 1/70) sowie kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen (ischämischer Insult, n = 1/70) waren selten.

Schlussfolgerung Das palliative Therapiekonzept der Chemosaturation ist bei Patienten mit hepatisch metastasiertem Aderhautmelanom effektiv. Die interventionelle Prozedur ist sicher, seltene, aber schwerwiegende kardiovaskuläre und hepatische Komplikationen erfordern eine sorgfältige Patientenselektion und intensive Aufmerksamkeit.
Die Rechtsfrage: Wann muss ich mich beim Gesundheitsamt anmelden?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: October 2021

„Ich arbeite neben meiner Tätigkeit als Heilpraktikerin als freie Mitarbeiterin für eine Praxis. Die Patient*innen akquiriere ich selbst, die Therapie findet ausschließlich im Hausbesuch statt. Muss ich diese Tätigkeit beim Gesundheitsamt anmelden?“

Heilpraktikerin und Therapeutin via E-Mail
Notfälle bei Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Wimmer Bernadette , Steffling Dagmar , Kohl Zacharias , Schlachetzki Felix
Published: October 2021

Notfälle mit dem Leitsymptom Bewegungsstörung findet man selten im klinischen Alltag der Notaufnahme bzw. der Intensivstation. Wir präsentieren hier einen kurzen Überblick über die häufigsten Ursachen und Therapiemöglichkeiten von Notfällen mit dem Leitsymptom Bewegungsstörung, insbesondere unter dem klinischen Aspekt „rigide Tonuserhöhung“: das maligne Neuroleptika-Syndrom, das serotoninerge Syndrom, die maligne Hyperthermie und die akinetische Krise beim Morbus Parkinson.
Distinct Late-Night Salivary Cortisol Cut-Off Values for the Diagnosis of Hypercortisolism
Authors: van Baal Lukas , Wichert Marc , Zwanziger Denise , Dralle Henning , Weber Frank , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Führer Dagmar , Unger Nicole
Published: October 2021

Due to high morbidity and mortality of untreated hypercortisolism, a prompt diagnosis is essential. Measurement of late-night salivary cortisol provides a simple and non-invasive method. However, thresholds and reference ranges differ among studies. The goal of this study was to define a threshold of late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism based on the used assay. Moreover, the influence of different aetiologies of hypercortisolism and individual comorbidities were investigated. Prospective analyses of 217 patients, including 36 patients with proven hypercortisolism were carried out. A sum of 149 patients with suspicion of hypercortisolism but negative endocrine testing and 32 patients with hypercortisolism in remission served as control group. Late-night salivary cortisol was measured using an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay. Cut-off values were calculated by ROC analysis. The calculated cut-off value for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism was 10.1 nmol/l (sensitivity 94%; specificity 84%). Only slightly lower thresholds were obtained in patients with suspected hypercortisolism due to weight gain/obesity (9.1 nmol/l), hypertension or adrenal tumours (both 9.8 nmol/l) or pituitary adenomas (9.5 nmol/l). The late-night salivary cortisol threshold to distinguish between Cushing’s disease and Cushing’s disease in remission was 9.2 nmol/l. The cut-off value for the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH-production was 109.0 nmol/l (sensitivity 50%, specificity 92%). Late-night salivary cortisol is a convenient and reliable parameter for the diagnosis of hypercortisolism. Except for ectopic ACTH-production, thresholds considering different indications for evaluation of hypercortisolism were only slightly different. Therefore, they might only be useful if late-night salivary cortisol results near the established cut-off value are present.
The Effect of Visual and Auditory Information on Illness Perceptions
and Patient Satisfaction in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Karabaş Çağlar , Çalış Havva Talay , Kutluca Abdurrahman , Topaloğlu Ulaş Serkan
Published: October 2021

Aim To evaluate the effect of visual and auditory information about knee
osteoarthritis on illness perception and patient satisfaction with electronic
guidance.

Method In this randomized controlled and single-blind study, 100 patients
with osteoarthritis were included in two groups (50 video group, 50 control
group). The video group was informed about knee osteoarthritis by a physician
and then watched a video. The control group was only informed about knee
osteoarthritis by the same physician. Before and after the information, Visual
Analog Scale, a Likert scale for patient satisfaction, and the Brief Illness
Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) were filled.

Results In the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), after the information, a
statistically significant difference was found in the personal control, concern,
coherence subgroups in the video group compared to the control group
(p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively). According to
the likert scale, the satisfaction level of the patients in the video group was
significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.001).

Conclusion It has been shown for the first time in the literature that
visual and auditory information is provided by watching video information about
osteoarthritis with an electronic guide. It could be ensured that the
patients' control, concern, knowledge, and satisfaction levels could be
improved via this application.
Effects of Chronic Suppression or Oversuppression of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on Psychological Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Altuntaş Seher Çetinkaya , Hocaoğlu Çiçek
Published: October 2021

In differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the standard treatment includes total thyroidectomy and lifetime levothyroxine (LT4) replacement. However, long-term exogenous LT4 has become controversial due to the adverse effects of oversuppression. The study included 191 patients (aged 18–76 years) with a prospective diagnosis of non-metastatic DTC and 79 healthy individuals. The patients with DTC were stratified into three groups according to their TSH levels: suppressed thyrotropin if TSH was below 0.1 μIU/ml, mildly suppressed thyrotropin if TSH was between 0.11 and 0.49 μIU/ml, and low-normal thyrotropin if THS was between 0.5 and 2 μIU/ml. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Short Symptom Inventory (SSI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were administered to all participants. It was found that the BDI, BAI, SSI and PSQI scores were worse in patients with DTC (p=0.024, p=0.014, p=0.012, and p=0.001, respectively). According to theTSH levels, the mean ASI was found to be higher in the suppressed and mildly suppressed thyrotropin groups (19±14.4 vs. 10.6±11.1; 16.4±14.9 vs. 10.6±11.1, p=0.024, respectively), the mean SSI was found higher in the suppressed group (61.0±55.5 vs. 35.1±37.0, p=0.046), and the mean PSQI was higher in all three groups (7.94±3.97 vs. 5.35±4.13; 7.21±4.59 vs. 5.35±4.13; 7.13±4.62 vs. 5.35±4.13, p=0.006) when compared with the controls. No significant difference was found between the groups. A positive correlation was detected in the duration of LT4 use and BDI and SSI, and a weak, negative correlation was detected between TSH levels and ASI and PSQI. Based on our study, it was found that depression, anxiety disorders, and sleep problems were more prevalent in patients with DTC, being more prominent in the suppressed TSH group. These results were inversely correlated with TSH values and positively correlated with the duration of LT4 use. Unnecessary LT4 oversuppression should be avoided in patients with DTC.
Prevalence of adenomatous polyposis in a fecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening program and risk of advanced neoplasia during follow-up
Authors: Carballal Sabela , Sánchez Ariadna , Moreira Leticia , Cuellar-Monterrubio Jesús Eduardo , Bernuy Julio , Daca Maria , Ortiz Oswaldo , Ocaña Teresa , Rivero-Sánchez Liseth , Jung Gerhard , Serradesanferm Anna , Pozo Angels , Grau Jaume , Torá Isabel , Zaffalon Diana , Castells Antoni , Pellisé María , Balaguer Francesc ,   on behalf of the PROCOLON Group
Published: October 2021

Background Current guidelines recommend genetic counseling and intensive colonoscopy surveillance for patients with ≥ 10 colorectal adenomas based on scarce data. We investigated the prevalence of this condition in a fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal (CRC) screening program, and the incidence of metachronous lesions during follow-up.

Methods We retrospectively included all FIT-positive participants with ≥ 10 adenomas at index colonoscopy between 2010 and 2018. Surveillance colonoscopies were collected until 2019. Patients with inherited syndromes, serrated polyposis syndrome, total colectomy, or lacking surveillance data were excluded. The cumulative incidence of CRC and advanced neoplasia were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Risk factors for metachronous advanced neoplasia were investigated by multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results 215 of 9582 participants (2.2 %) had ≥ 10 adenomas. Germline genetic testing was performed in 92 % of patients with ≥ 20 adenomas, identifying two inherited syndromes (3.3 %). The 3-year cumulative incidence of CRC and advanced neoplasia were 1 % and 16 %, respectively. In 39 patients (24.2 %), no polyps were found on first surveillance colonoscopy. The presence of an advanced adenoma was independently associated with a higher risk of advanced neoplasia at first surveillance colonoscopy (odds ratio 3.91, 95 %CI 1.12–13.62; P = 0.03). Beyond the first surveillance colonoscopy, the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia was lower.

Conclusions The prevalence of ≥ 10 adenomas in a FIT-based CRC screening program was 2.2 %; a small proportion of inherited syndromes were detected, even amongst those with ≥ 20 adenomas. A low rate of post-colonoscopy CRC was observed and the risk of advanced neoplasia beyond the first surveillance colonoscopy tended to progressively decrease throughout successive follow-ups.
Objective Improvement in Cognitive Function following Aortic Coarctation Repair in an Adult
Authors: Hayes Danielle , French Bryce , Tan Swee Lian
Published: October 2021

Coarctation of the aorta is a rare finding in adults and can present with vague symptoms. We report a case of a 64-year-old cognitively impaired female who presented with fatigue and tinnitus. After extensive workup, she was diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta and subsequently underwent repair. After operative intervention for her coarctation, her cognitive impairment was found to have an objective improvement evidenced by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.