bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA FICCIÓN EN PLATÓN
Authors: Costa Ivana
Published: January 2019

La filosofía emplea ficciones de maneras diversas: me­táforas, hipótesis, experimentos mentales, postula­dos, cuya falsedad teorética se admite pero que se emplean no obstante por su valor práctico, incluso como forja­dores de racionalidad. Platón no es ajeno a este proce­dimiento, y lo emplea profusamente a lo lar­go de su obra. Este trabajo consta de dos partes: en la primera se lleva a cabo un rápido repaso por la historia semán­tica de la noción de ficción (a partir del núcleo lexical plássō/plásma) con el objetivo de subrayar la relevan­cia filosófica de las connotaciones allí implí­citas. En segun­do lugar se argumenta en favor de la perti­nencia de leer como “ficción” la referencia de Platón a cierto tipo de falsedad –que podríamos llamar la falsedad consciente– en República II y III
Unexplored Questions About Away Rotations – A Student’s Perspective
Authors: Light Jeremy , Gonzalez Santiago , Franzetti Michael
Published: January 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Many fourth-year medical students complete away rotations as elective courses within their specialty of choice. The popularity of away rotations is increasing and has become nearly ubiquitous in certain competitive specialties (Higgins et al., 2016). Benefits include obtaining letters of recommendation, diversifying clinical exposure, expanding research opportunities, and establishing a connection with a residency program. Some disadvantages include cost, stress, competitive nature among applicants, and separation from personal support networks. We are writing this to bring attention to the pros and cons of away rotations, and to the absence of substantial data available in the literature to help us understand the actual impact that away rotations may have on our residency matching outcomes.
Sheelite-related strontium molybdates: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Mikhaylovskaya Zoya Alekseevna , Buyanova Elena Stanislavovna , Petrova Sofia Aleksandrovna , Nikitina Alena Andreevna
Published: January 2019

The present research is devoted to the cationic-deficient SrMoO4-based sheelite-related complex oxides. The doping with bismuth to A sublattice and codoping with bismuth and vanadium (to A and B sublattices, respectively) were discussed. The X-Ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate structural characteristics of the complex oxides. In Sr1-1.5xBixMoO4, a superstructural ordering was observed. Conductivity and dielectric loss of ceramic samples are measured using alternating current.
An experience of video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Lukin A. Yu. , Shikov D. V. , Kolotilshchikov A. A.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To clarify the indications for video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement at the late stage of pancreatic necrosis. Material and methods. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed in 1468 patients throughout 2012-2018. Severe destructive pancreatic necrosis occurred in 364 (24.8%) patients. Infected pancreatic necrosis needed for surgical treatment in 264 cases. We used video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement in 20 patients (8.1%).

Results. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement was not associated with “open” surgery in 6 patients. There were 2-6 redo VARD procedures per patient. We diagnosed the “left-sided” and “right-sided” models of pancreas and peripancreatic space infiltrationin 4 and 2 patients, respectively. There were 14 patients who needed an “open” surgery besides video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement due to advanced inflammation. Bleeding was the only complication and occurred in 2 patients. There was 1 unfavorable outcome.

Conclusion. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement is an effective minimally invasive approach of debridement. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement combined with percutaneous catheter drainage is preferable for “leftsided” and “right-sided” infiltration of pancreas and peripancreatic tissue. It is advisable to combine video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement with open surgery for “mixed model” of infiltration.
Antiakademismus
Authors: Felsch Philipp
Published: January 2019

Im Herbst 1966 schrieb Jacob Taubes seinem Studienfreund Armin Mohler noch, er habe sich gegen die Rückkehr an die Columbia und für die Judaistikprofessur an der Freien Universität entschieden, weil die «Windstille» von West-Berlin besser zum Denken sei.
Foucaults Stunts. Aporien eines wissenschaftlichen Widerstandshelden
Authors: Hirschi Caspar
Published: January 2019

Intellektueller in Frankreich zu sein, bedeutete in den vergangenen fünfzig Jahren, sich immer wieder von Neuem an Jean-Paul Sartre abzuarbeiten. Wissenschaftler profilierten sich in dieser Arbeit besonders stark.
Jacob Burckhardt und der Islam
Authors: Ruehl Martin A.
Published: January 2019

Wenn man dieses Jahr Jacob Burckhardt feiert, dann wahrscheinlich auch als Gegner, ja Feind des Islam. Einschlägige Webseiten in Deutschland und Amerika schmücken sich schon seit längerem mit anti-islamischen Zitaten aus seinen Weltgeschichtlichen Betrachtungen.
Aus dem Schweigen. Peter Ghosh kommentiert Max Weber
Authors: Bahners Patrick
Published: January 2019

Peter Ghosh lässt sich kein N für ein R vormachen. Ein Satz aus Max Webers Brief vom 8. Februar 1897 an Werner Sombart, der in Webers Nachlass als maschinenschriftliche Abschrift mit Korrekturen von der Hand Marianne Webers erhalten ist, wird in der Max-Weber-Gesamtausgabe wie folgt wiedergegeben: «Ihr Relativismus muß Sie ferner – die Ansätze sind ja da – zum Nationalismus treiben, denn da Maximen der ‹Produktivität› doch gleich Maximen der ‹Bedürfnis-Befriedigung› sind, so sind vom Subjekt aus dessen Bedürfnisse anzugeben, und die sind nationalistisch determiniert.»
Bill. Mark Mazowers Familienroman
Authors: Müller Tim B.
Published: January 2019

«Eine Kultur, die sich der Verlierer der Geschichte annimmt, erscheint mir ansprechender als die so leichte Identifikation mit ihren Gewinnern – nicht zuletzt, weil am Ende keiner wirklich gewinnt. Kaum einer wusste besser, dass der Kult des Erfolgs nur eine andere Form des Eskapismus ist, als die Bundisten der Generation von Max.»
Genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea as determined through an Allium cepa assay
Authors: Madike Lerato N. , Takaidza Samkeliso , Ssemakalu Cornelius , Pillay Michael
Published: January 2019

Tulbaghia violacea (wild garlic) is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments including fungal infections, gastrointestinal ailments, asthma, fever, colds and pulmonary tuberculosis. We assessed the potential genotoxic effects of water extracts from the leaves, stems and roots of T. violacea using the Allium cepa assay. Extracts at concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL were tested on root meristems of A. cepa. Ethidium bromide was used as a positive control whereas distilled water acted as a negative control. The results reveal that as the concentrations of the water extracts of T. violacea increased, the mitotic indices decreased. Similarly, the percentage of chromosomal aberrations was dependent on the concentration as well as on which part of the plant was used. The six most common chromosome aberrations included laggard chromosomes, chromosome bridges, c-mitosis, sticky chromosomes, formation of binuclei and formation of trinuclei. The presence of micronucleated cells at interphase also increased as the concentration of the water extracts increased. The results confirm that water extracts of T. violacea exert significant genotoxic effects at higher concentrations, with the stem extracts being more toxic than the leaf and root extracts at similar concentrations.
Significance:

Water extracts of T. violacea – a plant commonly used in traditional medicine – were found to have significant genotoxic effects at higher concentrations.
influence of science reading comprehension on South African township learners’ learning of science
Authors: Stott Angela , Beelders Tanya
Published: January 2019

The majority of South African township learners have poor reading comprehension skills, which is known to impact negatively on their understanding of content subjects such as science, although the extent of the impact is not fully understood. We explored this impact, as well as the extent to which reading comprehension accounted for the differential effectiveness observed for out-of-class, text-dependent science intervention programmes. Eye movement and mouse-click data were collected from 65 Grade-8 and Grade-9 township learners as they read texts and answered electronic quizzes about electric circuits and lightning on a computer fitted with eye-tracking hardware and software. These data were used to describe the learners’ reading and question-answering patterns and derive a composite English for science and technology (EST) reading comprehension index for each learner. Correlations were sought between this index and the learners’ Natural Sciences marks and the benefit gained from two previous out-of-school science intervention programmes. Most learners were able to engage meaningfully with a less text-rich, moderately familiar quiz, but there was a prevalence of reading avoidance, guessing and reliance on superficial text features to answer questions for a more text-rich, unfamiliar quiz. Moderate to strong correlations were found between the EST index and both Natural Sciences and intervention marks. The findings suggest that while a significant number of higher achieving township learners possess sufficient levels of EST reading comprehension skills to benefit from textbased interventions, the majority require help in developing EST reading comprehension skills to enhance the likelihood of the intervention’s success.
Significance:

From this study, we infer that a small group of South African township learners, identifiable by their relatively high Natural Sciences marks, are able to read English science texts with sufficient comprehension to be able to benefit from text-dependent interventions, including engagement with self-study interactive software. The majority, however, read such texts at the frustration level, making it unlikely for interventions to be effective if they rely on the learner being able to engage in independent reading.
Perfectionism and motivation in sport: The mediating role of mental toughness
Authors: Cowden Richard G. , Crust Lee , Jackman Patricia C. , Duckett Timothy R.
Published: January 2019

An extensive body of research has been done on the links between perfectionism and motivation, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these psychological characteristics have been underexplored. In this study, we used an integrative modelling approach to examine associations between dimensions of perfectionism (i.e. personal standards [PSP] and concerns over mistakes [CMP]), mental toughness (MT) and motivational orientations (i.e. self-determined motivation [SDM] and non-self-determined motivation [NSDM]). Based on a sample of 318 male (n=218) and female (n=100) tennis players (Mage=17.61, SDage=2.41), fit indices derived from structural equation modelling supported a partially mediated model. Residual PSP associated positively with MT (β=0.74) and SDM (β=0.40), and negatively with NSDM (β=-0.22). Conversely, residual CMP associated negatively with MT (β=-0.14) and SDM (β=-0.19), and positively with NSDM (β=0.73). Mental toughness was positively associated with SDM (β=0.28), but was unrelated to NSDM (β=0.07). The relationship between residual PSP and SDM was partially mediated by MT (standardised indirect effect: 95% CI=0.19, 0.46). The findings of this study support research linking dimensions of perfectionism with motivational orientations and offer preliminary evidence on the mediating role of MT in the association between these psychological constructs. With emerging research supporting the capacity to develop MT through targeted interventions, the findings are discussed alongside salient implications.
Significance:

Mental toughness partially mediated the association between pure personal standards perfectionism and self-determined motivation.
Particularly among athletes with higher personal standards of perfectionism, more autonomous forms of motivation may be sustained via efforts that seek to develop athletes’ mental toughness.
Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar v1
Authors: J Burgess Steven
Published: January 2019

Murashige and Skoog medium (or MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog in 1962 during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator. A number behind the letters MS is used to indicate the sucrose concentration of the medium. For example, MS0 contains no sucrose and MS20 contains 20 g/l sucrose. Along with its modifications, it is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments in laboratorium.[1] Source: http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/2/pdb.rec12142.full?text_only=true
Urea-mediated dissociation alleviate the false-positive Treponema pallidum-specific antibodies detected by ELISA v1
Authors: Wang Qiang , Lei Yan , Lu Xiaolan , Wang Guangrong , Du Qin , Guo Xiaolan , Fan Quming , Zhang Guoyuan , Wang Dongsheng
Published: January 2019

The serological detection of antibodies to Treponema pallidum is essential to the diagnosis of syphilis. However, for the presence of cross-reaction, the specific antibody tests [e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)] always have false-positive results. In this study, we derived and validated the dissociation of urea in an attempt to alleviate the situation of false-positive antibodies to T. pallidum detected by ELISA. Six serum samples that were false-positive antibodies to T. pallidumdetected by ELISA, and 16 control serum samples (8 sera positive for both specific IgG and IgM, and 8 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera) were collected to select the appropriate dissociated concentration and time of urea. Our goal was to establish improved an ELISA method based on the original detection system of ELISA. The sensitivity of the improved ELISA was evaluated by 275 serum samples with class IgM-positive antibodies to T. pallidum. At 6 mol/L with 10 minutes dissociation of urea, 6 samples with false-positive antibodies to T. pallidum were converted to negative, and compared with true-positive antibodies to T. pallidum. The sensitivity of the improved ELISA was 100% by detecting the class IgM-positive antibodies to T. pallidum in sera of patients with syphilis. Considering the importance at the diagnosis of syphilis, antibodies to T. pallidumin serum samples should be retested by the improved ELISA method to avoid false-positive results.
LAS POLÍTICAS ACTIVAS DE EMPLEO EN ESPAÑA COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE LAS DESIGUALDADES REGIONALES.
Authors: Blanco Canto Miguel , Ranchal Romero Julia
Published: January 2019

Las políticas activas de empleo nacen como un instrumento de mejora del grado de ocupabilidad de los desempleados y de reducción de las diferencias sociales a nivel interregional. Actualmente, mediante el Fondo Social Europea (FSE), se destinan 10.000 millones de euros a financiar programas públicos de empleo. En este artículo se fija, como objetivo principal, analizar el papel que han desempeñado estos recursos públicos en la disminución de las diferencias regionales en España a nivel de comunidades autónomas. Para ello se ha analizado la evolución del índice de Theil durante el período 2006-2017. Los resultados muestran como durante el período temporal analizado se han mantenido las diferencias tanto entre los grupos definidos como intragrupos.
CUSTOMER ORIENTATION OF SERVICE EMPLOYEES IN FAMILY BUSINESSES IN THE HOTEL SECTOR
Authors: González Porras José Luis , Ruiz-Alba Robledo José Luis , Guzmán Parra Vanesa F.
Published: January 2019

The business interactions between front-line employees and customers are crucial to evaluating service quality and for a business’ performance. A gap has been identified in the literature on both the customer orientation of service employees (COSE) and family businesses (FBs); both concepts never have been studied together before. Due to this fact, we present a concept that develops a theoretical model based on Hennig-Thurau (2004). This model drives research about the COSE and FBs in the hotel sector. The two main contributions are the following: (1) electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is proposed as a consequence of COSE within FBs and (2) a questionnaire has been developed from relevant subscales to measure COSE and two possible consequences derived from it (Customer Satisfaction and eWOM). A database from Iberic Balance Analysis System (SABI) has been selected to study these variables in the hotel sector, and it will be used in a proposed future empirical study that is expected to provide support for the theory.
DIMENSIÓN CLIMÁTICA EN EL COMERCIO JUSTO PARA EL CACAO FINO DE AROMA (Theobroma Cacao L.)
Authors: Mata Anchundia Deyanira , Suatunces Cuñumai José , Munoz Macías Sandra , Bayas Abranson , Herrera Soler Mario
Published: January 2019

El comercio justo que propugnan las “Organizaciones internacionales para el etiquetado de comercio justo” constituye una forma viable de que los pequeños productores puedan alcanzar la consideración justa por el trabajo que realizan y la responsabilidad que adquieren al mantener producciones estables y de calidad, además de establecer formas de producción amigables con el medio ambiente. Los enfoques utilizados por las empresas e instituciones, respecto al principio del comercio justo de “Respeto al medio ambiente” generalmente sólo incluyen aquellas prácticas que contaminan o degradan el entorno, como el uso de químicos o de maquinarias que erosionan los suelos, sin considerar los eventos extremos que impactan las cosechas, los suelos y hasta pueden causar la pérdida de vidas humanas. El trabajo realiza un análisis de la aplicación del comercio justo en el principio relacionado con la conservación y protección del medio ambiente y de cómo debe aplicarse de manera integral, a través de un manejo agrícola que tenga en cuenta la información agrometeorológica y agroclimática para la toma de decisiones. Palabras clave: Comercio justo, medio ambiente, agricultura
EXTRAORAL SWEET TASTE RECEPTORS IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Authors: Mineev V N , Brukhanova P V , Koksharova D E
Published: January 2019

The possible pathogenetic role of extraoral sweet taste receptors Tas1R in respiratory system is considered. In many respects, the function of extraoral receptors for sweet taste still remains unclear. The mechanism of intracellular signal transduction at sweet taste reception is considered, as well as the molecular mechanism of interaction of Tas2R and Tas1R receptors, expressed on the same cell. Tas1R receptors in respiratory system can function as a “rheostat” to control the amount of secretion of antimicrobial peptides that is mediated by extraoral bitter taste receptors Tas2R, depending on the concentration of glucose on the surface of the airways. In diabetes mellitus, the liquid on the luminal surface of respiratory tract contains an increased concentration of glucose, which leads to overexpression of TAS1R2 / TAS1R3, inhibition of Tas2R signaling activity and to decrease in secretion of antimicrobial peptides. Clinically, the effect on glucose homeostasis in the lumen of the respiratory tract with comorbid respiratory pathology, including diabetes mellitus, is considered. A possible sequence of pathogenetic mechanisms in respiratory system, associated with extraoral sweet taste receptors is presented as a vicious circle. Research into the problem of role of the ectopic chemosensory network in clinical medicine will bring new knowledge on the predisposition to diseases, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of their development, and will serve as a scientific basis for developing new medicinal approaches.
INVESTIGAION OF PRODUCTION OF A NON-TOXIC DIPHTHERIA TOXIN VARIANT CRM197 IN ESCHERICHIA COLI CELLS
Authors: Dukhovlinov I V , Bogomolova E G , Dobrovolskaya O V , Ishuk CA A , Fedorova EA A , Klimov N A , Simbirtsev A S
Published: January 2019

The aim of research: to synthesize the gene, coding the non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin CRM197, to explore its expression in Escherichia coli cells, to construct bacterial strain - producer of recombinant CRM197 and to develop the method for purification of this CRM197 protein from the biomass of bacteria. Materials and methods of research. the gene of CRM197 was synthesized by chemical and enzymatic methods. Expression vector pColdII-CRM197 construction and assembly were performed by standard genetic engineering methods. CRM197 production by Escherichia coli cells was explored by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and immunoblotting. The recombinant CRM197 was purified with the use of metal-chelate chromatography. Results. The application of the pColdII expression vector made possible to produce recombinant protein after decrease of the cell cultivation temperature from 37° C to 16° C. The method for purification of CRM197 recombinant protein was developed and the protein preparation with the purity 97% was obtained, having molecular mass 60 kDa; this protein was coupled with polyclonal antibodies against diphtheria toxin in the immunoblot. Conclusion. Successful production of CRM197 recombinant protein was reached with the use of pColdII vector at the decreased cell cultivation temperature. The purified CRM197 demonstrated nuclease activity pointing its proper folding. Production of the purified recombinant CRM197 protein allows its use for development of new conjugate vaccines.
THE INFLUENCE OF ZINC DONATOR ACYZOL INTO RAT'S LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR
Authors: Yakimovskii A F , Zanin K V
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article. The article is devoted to investigation of zinc donator acyzol influence to spontaneous or conditioned reflex locomotor activity of the rats. Materials and methods of research. The study was performed on adult male Wistar rats. Acyzol in volume of 0.1 ml was injected intraperitoneal (24 мg/kg) twice with the time gap of three days. Parameters of spontaneous locomotor activity were evaluated in “open field”, and values of conditioned reflex behavior of avoidance were evaluated in “shuttle box”. Results. Spontaneous locomotor activity of rats (especially the number of research rearing iterations) has lowered after the first injection under the influence of acyzol soon. The realization of avoidance conditioned reflexes was worsened after the second injection of acyzol. Conclusion. There is reason to propose, that acyzol, increasing the zinc content in the body, is able to lower the locomotor activity of rats; and it has the indirect influence on the avoidance conditioned reflex behavior. It should be considered when application of acyzol as a medical, protective or tonic drug.
FULLERENECARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE IN THE CHEMISTRY OF DRUGS
Authors: Litasova E V , Piotrovskiy L B
Published: January 2019

Among the various derivatives of fullerenes, compounds containing carboxyl groups (carboxyfullerenes) occupy a prominent place. The reason is that the introduction of carboxyl groups makes it possible to obtain water-soluble derivatives of highly lipophilic fullerenes. The review deals with matters of synthesis and structure of carboxyfullerenes, the influence of the amount and structure of the addends on the solubility of the entire compound, various aspects of the usage of these compounds as independent biologically active substances and carriers for creation of various delivery systems.
BIOACOUSTIC PRECONDITIONING OF SEVERE PSYCHOGENIC TRAUMA
Authors: Avaliani T V , Bykova A V , Klyueva N N , Apraksina N K , Tsikunov S G
Published: January 2019

Rat vital stress causes severe behavioral disorders and changes in the lipid spectrum of blood serum. The pur pose of this study is to develop a method of preconditioning to reduce post-stress disorders. The essence of this method consists in listening by an animal to an electrocorticogram of a congener recorded during the experience of vital stress and converted into sounds of the musical range. Sessions of bioacoustic exposure significantly reduce gross behavioral disorders and prevent changes in the lipid spectrum with subsequent vital stress.
REMOTE ISCHEMIC PRE- AND POSTCONDITIONING ABOLISHED DELAYED HIF-1a EXPRESSION IN THE RAT HIPPOCAMPUS ALONGSIDE WITH THE CORRECTION OF EXPERIMENTAL POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Authors: Baranova K A , Rybnikova E A
Published: January 2019

Aims of the study. To examine effects of remote ischemic pre- and postconditioning which prevents development of the experimental post-traumatic s tress disorder (PTSD) in rats on the dynamics of expression of regulatory a-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1a) in hippocampus. Materials and methods. Using immunohistochemistry method, the level of HIF-1a immunoreactivity has been quantitatively assessed in the hippocampus of animals exposed to stressors in the “traumatic stress-restress” paradigm, and by using the three-time remote limb ischemia which prevented the formation of anxiety pathology in this model. Results. Development of the PTSD-like pathology in rats was accompanied by considerable and persistent (up to 10 days after restress) up-regulation of HIF-1a immunoreactivity level in the CA1 field and dentate gyrus of hippocampus. Conditioning remote ischemia applied before traumatic stress (preconditioning) or following restress (postconditioning) did not affect early post-stress induction of HIF-1a (the first day) but abolished the delayed overexpression of this factor (5-10 days). Conclusions. The data obtained support our recent hypothesis on the pathogenic role of increased HIF-1 factor activity for the development of stress-related anxiety and depressive disorders within the delayed time-period. This also gives evidence to the fact that normalization of delayed violations of HIF-1a expression is obviously the key link of stress-protective effects of remote ischemic conditioning.
PECULARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF REASSORTANT STRAINS FOR LIVE INFLUENZA VACCINE BASED ON VIRUSES WITH PANDEMIC POTENTIAL
Authors: Larionova N V , Kiseleva I V , Doroshenko E M , Rudenko L G
Published: January 2019

Objective of the research: to characterize the effectiveness of obtaining reassortant strains for live influenza vaccine based on pandemic and potentially pandemic influenza viruses which are new for humans. Materials and methods of the research: influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09, potentially pandemic A(H3N2)v and A(H5N1) influenza viruses, a master donor virus for the Russian live influenza vaccine. Virological and molecular genetics methods of research. Results: strains with a 6:2 genome composition for live influenza reassortant vaccine based on the pandemic '(H1N1)pdm09 virus and swine influenza A(H3N2)v virus have been successfully obtained. The reassortment of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses A(H5N1) and human A(H2N2) master donor virus for live attenuated influenza vaccine is complicated by the features of the constellation of their genes. H5N2 reassortants which inherited only HA gene from HPAI viruses of avian influenza were obtained. Despite the impossibility of development of 6:2 reassortants, the phenotypic, preclinical characteristics of the reassortants with the 7:1 genome composition, and their further clinical studies on volunteers have shown that such vaccine strains can be successfully used to prevent diseases caused by avian influenza viruses. Conclusion. When vaccine strains against potentially pandemic influenza viruses are obtained by the classical reassortment technique then the success depends on the mutual constellation of genes of phylogenetically distant far apart parental viruses. In some cases the inheritance by the reassortant of a single HA gene from the antigenic actual virus can be a compromise for LAIV development.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASICS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY BIOFEEDBACK CONTROL OF OSCILLATORY POSTURAL LOAD
Authors: Suvorov N B , Sergeev T V , Yarmosh I V
Published: January 2019

The technology of functional normalization of the cardiovascular system parameters by means of the alternating biofeedback on cardiac rhythm (cardiorespiratory training) with the use of a turning bed (verticalizer) is described, which allows to implement the oscillatory postural effects of ortho- and antiorthostatic nature automatically. Aim of the study. Increasing of application area of cardiorespiratory training due to the variety of options for biofeedback signals. Methods. The oscillation of the turning bed controlled by means of the parameters of heart rate variability sets for the examinee the order of alternation of the inspiration and expiration phases and the phases of the inspiration/expiration beginning. The method is available to patients with low vision, bedridden patients, early ages children; patients who are not able to understand the essence of the procedure. Results of researches. Positive dynamics of the test subjects’ functional state is, in particular, the normalization of activity of components of the autonomic nervous system; the reinstatement of the natural breathing pattern lost due to various reasons; increasing the variability of the heart rate; the cardiovascular system training due to moderate alternating ortho- and antiorthostatic load, estimated by number of physiological parameters.
Immunohistochemical method of simultaneous detection of neurons and astrocytes in the rat brain
Authors: Kalinina Yu A , Sufieva D A
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to develop a method of simultaneous immunohistochemical detection of neurons and astrocytes using peroxidase labeling with subsequent analysis by light microscopy. A pair of antigens, each of which specifically identifies either neurons or astrocytes, was chosen (as markers neuronal nuclear antigen and glial fibrillary acidic protein were used, respectively). This method not only identifies the studied cells, but it also assesses their functional state under normal and pathological conditions. The proposed staining protocol allows significant simplification and optimization to simultaneously detect two antigens and to improve the quality of the slices obtained.
Proliferative activity of colorectal adenocarcinoma: objectification of criteria of morphological evaluation
Authors: Kovtun D P , Anichkov N M , Polushin O G , Ponomaryeva E V , Lyubimov A I , Kalinina E Yu
Published: January 2019

Aim of the study. To analyze the correlation between proliferative activities determined on the basis of routine histological staining and immunohistochemical reaction to the nuclear antigen Ki-67 in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Methods. Thirty adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum were retrospectively evaluated. Evaluation of proliferative activity was performed on serial histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin and treated with antibodies to Ki-67. Calculation was carried out in the “hot spots” under four microscope high power fields (≈1 mm2). Results. An estimate of the Kendall rank correlation coefficient demonstrated a high degree of direct relationship between the number of mitoses counted by routine staining and proliferative activity estimated by the immunohistochemical method (τ = 0.708, p < 0.05). All observations on the dispersion diagram could be divided into three “cloud” clusters with similar values for Ki-67 with practically the same number of mitoses. Conclusions. On the basis of routine histological examination, it is possible to separate colorectal carcinomas from tumors with a low (1-2/mm2), moderate (3-5/mm2), and high (≥6/mm2) mitotic activity corresponding to the proliferation index values of Ki-67 <30%, 30%-50%, and >50%, respectively.
Meteofactors and admittance of patients with atrial fibrillation for emergency medical care
Authors: Belyayeva V A
Published: January 2019

This study presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the challenges of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for ambulance medical care depending on weather conditions and season. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of meteorological factors on addressing of patients with AF for emergency medical care in the context of seasonal dynamics. Materials. Archival cards of ambulance calls in the winter, spring, and summer 2012 and the corresponding databases of average daily meteorological parameters, day-to-day changes (∆), and pathogenicity indices were used: air temperature (it), atmospheric pressure (iр), humidity (ih), wind speed (iv), cloudiness (in), and general weather pathogenicity index (IWP). Results. In winter, the most significant negative effect is caused by fluctuations in meteo-factors: average daily air temperature and atmospheric pressure, it, ∆p, IWP; in spring were the average daily air temperature and atmospheric pressure, it, i∆t; in summer was i∆t. The response of the population to AF for medical care in the winter (6.7 ± 0.5 person/day) and spring (6.9 ± 0.4 person/day) is higher than that in summer (5.2 ± 0.5 person/day). Conclusion. The maximum number of correlation links between the frequency of ambulance medical care calls and meteorological factors is present in the winter and spring and has gender and season specifics. Seasonality factor affects the treatment of patients with AF for emergency medical care.
Localization and activity of recombinant streptavidin in cell fractions of Escherichia coli
Authors: Zotova D V , Grudinina N A , Antimonova O I , Shavlovsky M M , Polyakov D S
Published: January 2019

The authors provide a genetic construct for obtaining recombinant biologically active wild type streptavidin with high yield. Addition of leader peptide and oligohistidine sequence to the streptavidin sequence makes it possible to isolate soluble streptavidin from the culture medium and from the soluble fraction. Temperature conditions for inducing of protein synthesis were found to have a significant effect on the distribution profile of streptavidin between fractions. The obtained protein product is not contaminated with endogenous biotin. The provided method excludes denaturation and renaturation steps which are necessary for isolation of the desired product from inclusion bodies but substantially reduce the yield. Thus, the provided approach allows to increase the yield of biologically highly active strepatividin which is capable of binding biotin and biotin-containing compounds and can be used for various practical purposes.
Expression of VEGF in breast lesions: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Bhat Shuaeb , P. Tania R. , Hussain Saleem , Sahaf Bushra , Ansari Irfan
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in India. During the last few years, several investigators have focused on tumor angiogenesis as a critical step in cancer development and progression. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is emerging as a prognostic marker in patients with several type of cancer including breast cancer. The aim of the study was to analyse the expression of VEGF in human breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissue and benign breast lesions by immunohistochemistry. Also, to assess the usefulness of VEGF as a predictor of aggressiveness of breast lesions.Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of 10 cases of normal breast tissue, 20 cases of benign breast lesions and 20 cases of malignant breast lesions were taken up for the study and subjected to immunohistochemistry using VEGF.Results: The intensity of VEGF immunostaining in normal breast, benign and malignant breast lesions was evaluated and scoring was graded as 0, 1+, 2+, 3+ and 4+. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square test and significant differences were noted between these 3 groups (p value <0.05).Conclusions:VEGF expression correlated well with the grade and stage of tumor indicating that VEGF positive tumors are biologically aggressive and are associated with poor prognosis but little is known about the implication of genetic alterations of VEGF in benign breast lesions.
Assessment of pulmonary function test in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with their HbA1c levels
Authors: Toppo Archana , Ajamani Kulvant Singh
Published: January 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and deranged metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein that result from insensitivity to endogenous insulin. It is a substantial global health problem and markedly increases morbidity and mortality of the affected people.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of medicine Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur. Total 67 subjects with type II diabetes mellitus as per WHO criteria of diabetes mellitus, aged between 18-60years of both sexes were included in the study. Patients FBS, PPBS were analysed by glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD) methods in ILAB 650 analyser and HbA1C was analysed using HPLC. Pulmonary function test was conducted in all the subjects using the spirometer which is the gold standard for accurate and repeatable measurement of lung function.Results: Majority of the subjects were male (36, 53.7%) and belonged to age group of 51-60years (n=34, 50.7%), Duration of DM </=10years (n=47, 70.1%), restrictive pulmonary function in 10 (14.9%) subjects. Correlation of age with a restrictive pattern of PFT (P=0.013*) and with duration of diabetes (P<0.0001**). Pulmonary function test parameters having mild downstream correlation with diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Diabetes was more common in the sixth decade of life with slight male preponderance. The short-term indicators of glycaemic controls were not significantly associated with a restrictive pattern of PFT. Despite the best effort, there are limitations of this study, which includes small sample size, author have not taken general population, and lack of a control group. These limitations can be overcome in the future studies.
Evaluation of liver function in acute complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sivakumar Periyasamy , Moonishaa Thiyagarajan Manjuladevi , George Neethu , Savariraj Reena
Published: January 2019

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic state (HHS) are the acute complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The aim was to evaluate the role of liver function parameters in T2DM patients with DKA and HHS.Methods: This descriptive study included 50 subjects in each of the following four groups: non-T2DM, T2DM without acute complications, T2DM with DKA, T2DM with HHS. Data on demography, clinical and lab diagnosis, as well as liver function parameters were collected from May 2017 to October 2017. The baseline data and liver function parameters were compared across the study groups.Results: There was significant hyperglycemia and associated baseline electrolyte, Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis changes in acute complications of T2DM. Besides GGT, the serum total and direct bilirubin levels were also higher in T2DM cases with DKA. Significant levels of hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia along with raised SGPT and ALP levels were seen in acute complications of T2DM, especially in HHS complicating T2DM.Conclusions: Decreased serum albumin levels, along with elevated liver enzymes-SGPT, ALP, and GGT characterized the acute complications of T2DM, with specific alterations of liver function parameters seen in DKA and HHS cases.
Anti-albuminuric effects of spironolactone and its effect along with ramipril in type-2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Giri Richa , Naresh Ashish , Kushwaha J. S. , Kumar Brijesh , Verma R. K. , Khan Mohd. Imran
Published: January 2019

Background: The study was conducted to evaluate and compare the protective effects of spironolactone (alone) and its effects along with ACE inhibitor (ramipril) on diabetics (30-70year) in relation to proteinuria and state of diabetic nephropathy.Methods: A comparative, prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded experimental study was conducted on 56 patients (30-70year) of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus showing proteinuria. Total duration of study was about one year from October 2017 to October 2018. Patients were divided in two groups, group A (n=28, spironolactone 25mg and ramipril 5mg) and group B (n=27, spironolactone 25mg). Subjects were followed over 12weeks and baseline and 12-week urine ACR being compared.Results: Both the group after receiving respective drug were followed for 3month duration and response were assessed by measuring urine ACR value at end of 3months. Mean values of baseline and follow up urine ACR for group A and group B were 471.5±465.62, 244.66±237.54 and 474.88±438.94, 268.42±268.16 respectively, P value found to be >0.05 at 95%C.I. It was observed that percentage reduction of urine ACR were 48% and 43.47% in group A and group B respectively.Conclusions: In the study, it was concluded that spironolactone had significant effect over proteinuria reduction over follow up period in patient with diabetic nephropathy though there was no additional statistically significant advantage of addition of spironolactone and ACE inhibitor over proteinuria reduction. Significant reduction of proteinuria occurred in both group A and group B over 12weeks follow up period, 48 % reduction in group A and 43.47% in group B.  This difference proved statistically not significant after applying independent t-test.
Survival analysis pattern of patients treated with biliary metallic stent versus patients treated with surgical procedures for hepato-biliary malignancies in a rural tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: A. Shafique , Rejoice Poppy , Y. Jaipaul , R. Ramasubramanian , Anandan Heber
Published: January 2019

Background: Tumors of the biliary tract show spectrum ranging from benign to malignant lesions.  Only 20% of tumors are resectable at the time of presentation.  The operative mortality was approximately 5 to 20%. The morbidity rate associated with the surgery is approximately 65%. Options for palliative therapy of biliary tree obstruction include the surgical bypass, percutaneous external drainage/stenting and endoscopic stenting. The aim was to compare the survival pattern of patients treated with biliary Self Expandable Metallic Stents (SEMS) as a palliative procedure to that of patients treated by curative surgery.Methods: This was a retrospective study. 6-months survival pattern were analysed in 20 patients treated by SEMS and compared with that of 10 patients treated with plastic biliary stents followed by curative surgery.Results: Survival pattern analysis was done for all 20 patients with SEMS. 7 patients were in >1-year survival, 5 were in >6months survival, 6 expired within 6months, 2 patients were lost to follow up. Survival pattern was compared with 10 patients who had plastic stents followed by curative surgery. Only 1 patient had survival rate >1year post-surgery, 5 patients expired post-surgery in <6months, 2 patients expired few weeks after plastic stent deployment, 2 patients were lost to follow up.Conclusions: In patients with biliary malignancies with obstruction, biliary SEMS followed up by palliative chemotherapy had better survival rate than patients who had plastic stents followed up with curative surgical procedures.
A study of efficacy of phage amplification technique in diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Jai Pratap
Published: January 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease in India. Diagnosis of TB has always been a problem due to slow rate of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, author had compared the conventional tools for diagnosis of TB with the new Fast Plaque TBTM.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. ML Chest Hospital, Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. Specimens were collected after taking informed consent from patients attending outpatient and indoor patients admitted in the hospital. Study consisted of cases having suspected tuberculous exudation both pulmonary and extra pulmonary.Results: Most of the patients in this study were between 21-40years of age. Most of them were male (78%). Most of the patients came from urban areas and middle socioeconomic strata. Among them 68% were smokers and 32% were non-smokers. Comparison of phage assay with clinical evidence of disease has been done and results were sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 84.6% found.Conclusions: Delay in diagnosis resulting in further delay to initiate drug therapy. In these circumstances the rapid detection of mycobacteria by phage amplification technique could lead to earlier institution of antitubercular treatment.
The model of character teacher: Phenomenology at Daruttaqwa Gresik Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Ma'arif Muhammad Anas , Rofiq Muhammad Husnur
Published: January 2019

The importance of shaping the character of children in order to carry out ethical values consciously and sincerely becomes a separate problem for all educators. Educator's personality is needed so that children can imitate the ways of educators in carrying out various daily activities. Set an example is one powerful way to give children an example and do good so that it becomes a character or an intact character. Children prefer to be given examples of behavioral examples directly rather than just giving orders. Purposes-This study aims to describe patterns of character educator models with Amali Sufism bases. Design/methodology /approach- This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenology which captures the behavior of educators who experience and teach exemplary behavior at the Daruttaqwa Islamic Boarding School. Findings- Exemplary actions taken by educators in Pesantren Daruttaqwa through attitudes, thoughts and behaviors that are consistently based on religious values such as, ikhlas, tawaduk, zuhud, destiny for teachers, loving teachers and piety to Allah.  Originality- Sufism-based modeling ranging from thinking, attitudes and behavior exemplified externally and internally both (spontaneously directly) or indirectly exemplified by educators with habituation strategies.
Determinación del capital económico requerido para cubrir el riesgo de desastres naturales en Veracruz, México: Un enfoque de cópulas arquimedianas
Authors: Gavira Durón Nora , Cruz Aké Salvador , Venegas Martínez Francisco
Published: January 2019

El cambio climático y diversos fenómenos meteorológicos han ocasionado grandes catástrofes en México, principalmente en aquellos estados y municipios vulnerables a este tipo de fenómenos. El presente trabajo desarrolla un modelo estocástico para valuar un derivado climático, en el cual se supone que las temperaturas máxima y mínima y la precipitación son las únicas variables que describen un desastre hidrometeorológico por inundación, huracán o ciclón en el municipio de Poza Rica, Veracruz. Esto se hace a través de simulaciones de cópulas elípticas del tipo normal y cópulas arquimedianas del tipo Gumbel. Asimismo, se desarrolla un indicador de vulnerabilidad mediante el nivel de urbanización y cantidad de población. Por último, se determina el capital mínimo que el Fondo de Desastres Naturales (FONDEN) debe mantener para hacer frente a un evento. Los resultados muestran que las simulaciones de cópulas normales con valores extremos en las distribuciones marginales presentan el mejor ajuste.