bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional Legacy as a Context of the Implementation of International Rankings in the Russian Higher Education System
Authors: Karmaeva Natalia , Kanonire Tatjana
Published: October 2016

Western university model was transferred to Russia in the 18th century. The development of HEIs took its own unique direction serving the needs of the country, while the state has been dominating the HE sector. The chapter analyzes the interplay of market, state and informal mechanisms in the process of implementation of rankings. The institutional legacy underpinned the locally defined hierarchies of HEIs and disciplines, both explicit and implicit. The challenges that Russia meets on its way toward world university ranking are on the level of institutions and faculty, students and parents, and employers. As a conclusion, global rankings and local hierarchies have to be balanced in the HEIs structures to allow for a compromise between the demands of the global competition and the needs of the local communities.
King Abdulaziz University Path to the Excellence
Authors: Mashat Abdulfattah S. , Fardoun Habib M.
Published: October 2016

Almost all international universities focus their efforts to appear in the best positions within the different lists of Universities Academic Rankings, to be part of the World Class Universities. But universities must show, that their objective is not the ranking, but the excellence in providing students a quality education. Thus education process differs according to each region, and environment and there is a set of different factors to be considered to achieve the desired results from the institutions objectives and strategies. For that the how to select and prepare universities to fulfill these factors must converge with which is needed and necessary for the environment of the institution, being the most critical and important issue. This research work shows how KAU adapted a strategic plan, to obtain these certifications, which led it to be in the top between its academic peers in its region as in the world.
The Internet of Places at Community-Scale
Authors: Carroll John M. , Shih Patrick C. , Kropczynski Jess , Cai Guoray , Rosson Mary Beth , Han Kyungsik
Published: October 2016

The Internet of Things integrates entities of the physical world by making them addressable through the Internet, and making the Internet accessible through physical objects. We draw on our own previous design research in community informatics to explore a critical elaboration of the Internet of Things: The Internet of Places (IoP). IoP seeks to support awareness, engagement, and interaction pertaining to individual and collective human experiences, meaning making, activity, intentions, and values by computationally leveraging and integrating a wide range of human data with places to which those data refer. We describe design scenarios, prototypes, and user research at the scale of local community. We identify a critical alternative for humankind of hyperlocal community, enabling greater citizen awareness, engagement, participation, and power. We suggest that the Internet of Places at community-scale is the next generation infrastructure for community networks in the 40-year tradition of the Berkeley Community Memory.
Identifying the Temporal Characteristics of Intra-City Movement Using Taxi Geo-Location Data
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Qian Xinwu , Ukkusuri Satish V.
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, the authors focus on temporal patterns of urban taxi trips and explore determinant factors in conjunction with geodatabase at aggregate level. Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model is proposed in light of count data nature and excessive number of O-D pairs with zero trip. Three typical time slots on weekdays, as well as weekends, are introduced as case study to check temporal variations of intra-city movement. The results indicate that trip distance, land use, socioeconomics, and built environment are significant variables that affect the number of taxi trips between two locations. In particular, longer travel and worse economy conditions, such as low employment and average annual income and more population under poverty, may prevent more movements, which have more impacts during peak hours. A better transit system may reduce the taxi trips, except for areas with more subway stations. Develpoed area for instance more commercial or residential area is more likely to attract more visits by taxis, as well as dense public facilities but with more temporal variations.
Anonymous Pico-Payments for Internet of Things
Authors: Rykowski Jarogniew , Cellary Wojciech
Published: October 2016

In this Chapter a new way of payments for Internet of Things services is proposed, based on a stream of anonymous pico-payments realized by means of pico-coins. System architecture and information flow are presented, showing fully automated way of contextual payments which protect customers' privacy. With the proposed stream of pico-payments, two basic problems of efficient and widely acceptable payment method for the Internet of Things are solved: privacy protection, and toleration of frequent unexpected disconnections.
Co-Producing Tools for Participation and Action in Urban Environments
Authors: Baibarac Corelia E.
Published: October 2016

The chapter addresses the potential of co-production in relation to enhancing the participation of a city's inhabitants in its design, management and use. It does this by discussing a co-design process, which explored how participation might be extended to the design of digital platforms that could allow city inhabitants to be involved in the identification of needs, goals and actions for their everyday environments. The chapter outlines three spatial-technological experiments involved in the co-design process and the resulting web 2.0 platform prototype, which illustrates how collaborative technologies might stimulate collective actions. Acknowledging the importance of creating opportunities and spaces for reflection within technology-enabled participatory processes, the notion of co-production is extended to the iterative and collaborative production of knowledge and actions for the city. In this conceptualization, inhabitants' role shifts from that of ‘users' or ‘consumers' to active (and reflective) ‘co-producers' of a more resilient city together with the decision-makers.
Effect of Urban Computing on the Public's Perception of Place, Community, and Infrastructure
Authors: Ringas Dimitrios , Christopoulou Eleni
Published: October 2016

The work presented in this chapter delineates the longitudinal experience of deploying an urban computing system that enables citizens to share and interact with digital content about the urban environment and experiences of people with it. It is part of an emerging and novel aspect of urban computing that expands research beyond simple optimisations of city functions towards a social and cultural approach that seeks to orchestrate complex socio-technical ensembles. Offering Collective City Memory as a service to citizens and enabling them to interact with it via diverse novel interfaces has uncovered the implications for city life that the introduction of urban computing brings such as the redefinition of spatial and temporal proximity and the effects on the perception of city space, fostering of social interactions, contribution to shared resources and participation in collective efforts.
Urbanizing the Ambient
Authors: McKenna H. Patricia
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to develop and explore the ambient urbanizing concept as a way to shed light on what happens at the urban level when people become more aware and attuned to smartness and ambience in everyday city spaces. The research design for this work includes a case study approach and multiple methods of quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. In parallel with this study, anecdotal evidence gathered from individuals across the city through informal individual and group discussions enabled further analysis, comparison, and triangulation of data. This chapter makes a contribution to the research literature across multiple domains; sheds light on the emerging relationships of awareness in the people – technologies – cities dynamic, highlighting the critical role of people, in their everyday urban activities, interactions, and experiences; and offers a proposed ambient urbanizing framework for enriching spaces, things, and designs in smart cities.
Developing Technological Fluency in and through Teacher Education
Authors: Brown Eva , Jacobsen Michele
Published: October 2016

Meaningful and authentic use of technology for quality teaching and meaningful learning is an essential component of a 21st century education. Teacher education programs have been slow to transform and adopt programs that are essential for new teachers to be equipped with skills for 21st century teaching. Professional development of veteran teachers faces challenges in format and delivery and teachers are slow to become enculturated in design inquiry learning infusing technology in meaningful ways that embrace digital citizenship to meet the needs of 21st century education. The project described in this chapter offers an innovative approach to professional learning in a partnership approach with teacher education students and veteran teachers to address the challenges faced by both teacher education programs and professional development models.
Enhancing Early Childhood Education Teacher Candidates' Experiences
Authors: Schroth Stephen T.
Published: October 2016

Teacher education programs face many challenges preparing teacher candidates for the early childhood education classroom. Initiating undergraduate research programs in conjunction with early childhood teacher education can provide a greatly enhanced experience for teacher candidates and bear great benefits to the departments sponsoring this. Undergraduate research initiatives provide pre-service teachers with tremendous opportunities to gain hands-on experiences with many of the theories and strategies they study in their coursework. Such initiatives also serve as tremendous recruiting tools, especially for those early childhood education programs seeking to recruit more males, teacher candidates of color, and those from low-SES backgrounds. Rigorous preparation must be completed before teacher candidates begin to conduct fieldwork, but the benefits to teacher candidates, mentor teachers, and children are many.
Providing Early Childhood Education Teacher Candidates Diverse Clinical Understandings through Professional Development School Experiences
Authors: Christenson Lea Ann , Daniels Janese , Cruzado-Guerrero Judith , Schroth Stephen T. , Dudiak Marisa , Watson-Thompson Ocie
Published: October 2016

Teacher education programs serving early childhood education teacher candidates have unique challenges and need to work to ensure that each future educator be exposed to a variety of settings and practices throughout their preparation in order to best prepare them to serve the needs of their future young students. A solid background in human development, a well-rounded complement of methods courses grounded in developmentally appropriate practice and experience in a diverse variety of Professional Development Schools (PDS) will go far in meeting this goal. In Pre-K through 3rd grade classrooms early childhood teacher educators can significantly shape these competencies through their choice of, support for, and use of PDSs.
Preparing Pre-Service Teachers to Meet the Unique Academic Needs of 21st Century Learners
Authors: Torres Kelly M. , Tackett Samantha
Published: October 2016

This chapter provides an overview of current demographic and technology trends found in educational contexts. Particularly, this chapter highlights the obstacles that teacher preparation programs may face in regards to the changing student demographics and ever evolving technological components found in classrooms settings. This chapter provides examples of technological resources that can be utilized in teacher preparation programs to enhance pre-service teachers' content knowledge and afford them opportunities to discuss topics focused on cultural diversity. Specifically, this chapter will provide strategies on how educators in K-12 settings and institutions of higher education can integrate technology-enhanced tools such as Web 2.0 applications, social learning platforms, gaming, and virtual fieldtrips into their curriculum to improve students' learning gains. Suggestions at the end of the chapter call for pre-service and in-service teachers to collaborate through cross-training in order to effectively provide students meaningful academic experiences.
Surface Characterization in Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Boschetto Alberto , Bottini Luana
Published: October 2016

Fused deposition modeling is a proven technology, widely diffused in industry, born for the fabrication of aesthetic and functional prototypes. Recently used for small and medium series of parts and for tooling, it received particular attention in order to integrate prototyping systems within production. A limiting aspect of this technology is the obtainable roughness and above all its prediction: no machine software and Computer-Aided Manufacturing implements a relationship between process parameters and surface quality of components. The prediction of the surface properties is an essential tool that allows it to comply with design specifications and, in process planning, to determine manufacturing strategies. Recently, great effort has been spent to develop a characterization of such surfaces. In this chapter, prediction models are presented and a new characterization approach is detailed. It is based on the theoretical prediction of the geometrical roughness profile, thus allowing it to obtain, in advance, all roughness parameters.
3D Printing and Actor-Network Theory
Authors: Harman Graham
Published: October 2016

Some futuristic technologies belong to a distant time that is hard for most to imagine in palpable terms. In the case of 3D printing, however, any citizen can easily grasp the stakes by simply watching a brief video (). The 3D printer, whose ancestry can be traced to factory innovations of the 1980s, provides a method of assembling objects piece by piece: a kind of less precise nanotechnology for the macro-level. Within a decade humans might be able to print functional body parts, bringing an end to the grisly waits for donated organs and the even more grisly international organ trafficking rings. Some believe that the “killer app” for 3D printing will be found in the printing of food, perhaps replacing single-site restaurants with a home library of Platonic forms of gourmet cuisine. Still others celebrate or fear the printing of assault rifles on a desktop, whether by right-wing citizens, convicted felons, or the mentally ill. One can expect the easy availability, in residential privacy, of all manner of benign and malignant objects, transforming economic structures, social life, and domestic security in roughly fifteen to twenty years.
Exploiting 3D Medical Equipment Simulations to Support Biomedical Engineering Academic Courses
Authors: Damianakis Adam , Kallonis Pavlos , Loudos George , Tsatsos Dimitris , Tsoukalis Antonios
Published: October 2016

Biomedical Imaging is a rapidly evolving area, where new versions of advanced medical equipment/new methodologies based on complex physical phenomena are developed. The cost for the effective training of both academic students/company employees in real training environments is high and in many cases impossible. Most of the times, it is not possible to effectively transfer knowledge due to the limitations of these environments, which has a strong effect both on the theoretical understanding and the practical skills of students. On the other hand, the exploitation of 3D simulations enables for better knowledge acquisition by learners, although not efficiently explored yet. Several studies support that this can be achieved by maximizing the interaction with simulations. To this end, interactive 3D Medical Equipment Simulations have been developed, by exploiting open source software and delivering them through the Web and eLearning Environments. The proposed chapter aims to present the need for such Environments, the development tools, challenges, solutions and possible applications.
Where Is the Missing Matter?
Authors: Mitev Tihomir
Published: October 2016

The additive manufacturing (or the popular 3D printing) is relatively new technology which opens new spaces for entrepreneurial imagination and promises next stage of the industrial revolution. It is creating three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The printer transforms the file into a material object layer by layer, using different raw materials. Today, the additive manufacturing is successfully used in architecture, medicine and healthcare, light and heavy industries, education, etc. The paper analyses the roles of actors in manufacturing the objects. It starts with the Heideggerian questioning of technology (), searching for the causes of bringing into appearance of the 3D model. According to Heideggerian analysis the technology is represented as an ‘unveiling of the truth'. The paper suggests that the old understanding of matter as a thing-in-itself should be replaced by a new, flexible, fluid, concept of matter, which is more or less manipulable. The matter is no more an occasion for object's taking place. On the other hand, it seems 3D printing technology is reduced to mere means; a simple intermediary, a copier of ideas. From that perspective the paper questioning the problem of action in ANT and search how action and interaction is distributed and how actors constitutes themselves as well as their actor-world.
Laser Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Mahamood Rasheedat M. , Akinlabi Esther T.
Published: October 2016

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.
Laser Additive Manufacturing in Surface Modification of Metals
Authors: Mahamood Rasheedat M. , Shukla Mukul , Pityana Sisa
Published: October 2016

Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers lots of advantages when compared to other manufacturing processes, such as high flexibility and ability to produce complex parts directly from the Three Dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model. Producing highly complex parts using traditional manufacturing processes is difficult, and it requires it to be broken down into smaller parts, which consumes lots of materials and time. If this part needs to have a surface with improved property or a surface made of composite materials, it has to be done by employing another manufacturing process after the parts are completed. AM, on the other hand, has the ability to produce parts with the required surface property in a single manufacturing run. Out of all the AM technologies, Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is the most commonly used technique, especially for metal processing. LAM uses the coherent and collimated properties of the laser beam to fuse, melt, or cut materials according to the profile generated from the CAD image of the part being made. Some of the LAM techniques and their mode of operations are highlighted in this chapter. The capabilities of using LAM for surface modification of metals are also presented in this chapter. A specific example is given as a case study for the surface modification of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) with Ti6Al4V/TiC composite using laser material deposition process – an important LAM technology. Ti6Al4V is an important aerospace alloy, and it is also used as medical implants because of its corrosion resistance property and its biocompatibility.
Transiting between Representation Technologies and Teaching/Learning Descriptive Geometry
Authors: Pires Janice de Freitas , Vecchia Luisa Dalla , da Silva Borda Adriane Almeida
Published: October 2016

Teaching descriptive geometry, in the context of this study, is characterized by the continuous investment in recognizing digital representation technologies which can enhance the didactic activities in architectural training. This study describes this trajectory which includes the use of virtual reality, augmented reality and parametric modelling, as well as freehand drawing and the production of physical models both by automating the unfolding process and by digital fabrication processes of 3D printing and laser cutting. In addition to questioning the relevance and sustainability of the infrastructure needed to ensure the continuation of this trajectory, the potentialities identified in each of the learning activities that have been structure, are shown. Although these potentialities are specific to this context, it is considered that this type of record contributes to understand the issues being faced in teaching practices.
Tool Wear and Surface Integrity Analysis of Machined Heat Treated Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Shunmugavel Manikandakumar , Polishetty Ashwin , Goldberg Moshe , Singh Rajkumar Prasad , Littlefair Guy
Published: October 2016

In this study, the tool wear and surface integrity during machining of wrought and Selective Laser Melted (SLM) titanium alloy (after heat treatment) are studied. Face turning trails were carried out on both the materials at different cutting speeds of 60,120 and 180 m/min. Cutting tools and machined specimens collected are characterized using scanning electron microscope, surface profiler and optical microscope to study the tool wear, machined surface quality and machining induced microstructural alterations. It was found that high cutting speeds lead to rapid tool wear during machining of SLM Ti-6Al-4V materials. Rapid tool wear observed at high cutting speeds in machining SLM Ti-6Al-4V resulted in damaging the surface integrity by 1) Deposition of chip/work material on the machined surface giving rise to higher surface roughness and 2) Increasing the depth of plastic deformation on the machined sub surface.
Should I Try Turning It Off and On Again?
Authors: Ludwig Thomas , Kotthaus Christoph , Pipek Volkmar
Published: October 2016

The flexible production and process designs of complex and automated manufacturing systems – called Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) – lead to enormous challenges for the machine operator with regard to understanding their “behavior” and therefore their technical controllability. One way to face these challenges is to foster the operator's appropriation of highly complex hardware-centered ICT-systems. Based on the historical development of CPPS and a short excursion into a study about the appropriation of 3D printers, the authors will adapt the concept of sociable technologies, as hardware-centered appropriation infrastructures, to CPPS.
Curricular Collaborations
Authors: Ryan Susan M. , Grubbs W. Tandy
Published: October 2016

As libraries make the transition from information repositories to centers of learning, librarians are under pressure to collaborate more effectively with other academic units and departments. At the same time, classroom faculty feel pressure to experiment with innovative teaching methods, to provide experiential learning opportunities, to be more interdisciplinary and collaborative, and to engage their students more proactively. A 3D printing curricular collaboration between a library and an academic department is presented that illustrates the importance of collaboration and innovation, the changing mission of libraries, the learning styles of millennial students, and the benefits of experiential learning. The chapter explores in-depth both the opportunities presented by curricular collaborations and the challenges to providing technologies in a curricular context.
The Importance of Being Honest
Authors: Brusaporci Stefano
Published: October 2016

The chapter presents a reflection on the concept of transparency in digital modeling and visualization of Architectural Heritage. Moving from topics of transparency and from the experiences in using paradata in different fields to state model's source, the degree of reliability of virtual re-constructions, and to made the digital model testable by other professionals, transparency and paradata are studied and declined for a dedicated application to historical buildings. In fact paradata is useful for model's design, use, management, diffusion, archiving, and interoperability. This according to an aim of model's intellectual transparency, and scientific computing and visualization of historic buildings. Follows issues about: the relationship between physical and digital heritage, the design of the digital 3D model and the database, the communication of transparency through spatial visualizations and multiple windowed representations, the transparency as possible methodological workflow for scientific analysis.
Computational Design and Built Environments
Authors: Filippucci Marco , Bianconi Fabio , Andreani Stefano
Published: October 2016

Drawing has always been the most powerful instrument for the conceptualization, interpretation and representation of spaces and forms. Today, the computer screen complements the eye-brain telescope with an additional lens that increases the ability to understand, visualize and ultimately design the built environment. Computational design is dramatically shifting not only established drawing and modeling practices, but also ? and perhaps most importantly ? design thinking processes in the very conception and morphogenesis of forms and of their complex relationships in space. Specifically parametric modeling allows to understand geometry and manipulate shapes in dynamic, articulated and yet intuitive ways, opening up unprecedented design opportunities but also diminishing the importance of the design process for the sake of formal complexity. This chapters offers some insights on the incredible design opportunities offered by new computational instruments, as well as highlighting circumstances in which the act of ‘modeling' takes over the ‘design.'
Influências do sexo na atenção e na aprendizagem de habilidades motoras
Authors: Flôres Fábio Saraiva , Menezes Karla Mendonça , Katzer Juliana Izabel
Published: October 2016

O estudo investigou a influência do foco de atenção na aprendizagem de crianças, em uma tarefa de equilíbrio dinâmico. Setenta e quatro crianças com média de idade de 8,03 anos participaram do estudo. A tarefa consistia no deslocamento do Pedalo® em um percurso de 7 metros, sem o uso de apoios. Os resultados mostraram que na aquisição, os meninos desempenharam melhor a tarefa (p=0,022). Nas fases de transferências, apenas a fase T2 apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,014), com desempenho melhor dos meninos e, em relação ao foco de atenção, o foco externo distante mostrou-se superior do que o grupo controle, em ambas as fases de transferência (p=0,034; p=0,018). Conclui-se que direcionar a atenção a certa distância do corpo, os meninos potencializam sua aprendizagem.
O contexto ambiental e o desenvolvimento na primeira infância: estudos brasileiros
Authors: Morais Rosane Luzia Souza , Carvalho Alysson Massote , Magalhães Lívia Castro
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar revisão integrativa dos estudos brasileiros sobre a influência dos fatores ambientais no desenvolvimento global, motor e cognitivo. Procedeu-se à busca de artigos científicos nas bases SciELO e MEDLINE de 2004 a 2014, utilizando os descritores “desenvolvimento infantil”, “child development” “environment” e “Brazil”. Foram selecionados 38 estudos, segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos em diferentes regiões do Brasil e fazendo uso desde testes de triagem a diagnósticos. A maioria dos estudos estava relacionada a fatores de risco ou prevalência de atrasos. Aqueles que focaram na influência da qualidade ambiental no desenvolvimento infantil, ora analisaram o ambiente familiar, ora a creche. Conclui-se que há importante literatura para o embasamento de estudos de intervenção, ainda escassos. Além disto, há necessidade de estudos brasileiros que analisem a inter-relação dinâmica entre os ambientes vivenciados pela criança e sua influência no desenvolvimento infantil.
A produção do conhecimento sobre a formação continuada de professores de Educação Física: uma análise entre estudos nacionais e internacionais
Authors: Bomfim Alexander Barreiros Cardoso , Silva Sheila Aparecida Pereira dos Santos , Miranda Maria Luiza de Jesus
Published: October 2016

O artigo analisa a produção do conhecimento sobre a formação continuada de professores de Educação Física na base de dados Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) e numa coletânea de 14 periódicos nacionais. O objetivo é fornecer uma visão geral das produções e discutir as opções de pesquisa adotadas pelos pesquisadores, identificando evoluções e tendências. Foi possível constatar uma transitoriedade nos 15 anos de produção analisada (2000-2014) e uma prevalência de estudos que privilegiam a historicidade dos informantes. Quanto à natureza epistemológica, predominaram estudos fenomenológico-hermenêuticos e quanto aos métodos de pesquisa, os de natureza qualitativa. Os dados sugerem que há espaço para se investigar a formação continuada que compreenda o professor como um pesquisador de sua prática e transformador de sua realidade.
Avaliação de análise técnico-tática em combates de judô por programa computacional por usuários com diferentes níveis de expertise
Authors: Ando Gabriela Yuri Uyeda , Miarka Bianca , Pinto Maria Márcia Matos
Published: October 2016

O objetivo da pesquisa foi qualificar e comparar a objetividade e replicabilidade do uso de um programa computacional para análises de tempo-movimento (ATM) e técnico-táticas em combates de judô por expertise. Participaram desse estudo 22 sujeitos (12 praticantes, sendo 6 experts e 6 não-experts, e 10 não-praticantes), os quais qualificaram o instrumento via questionário e realizaram 150 análises (90=comparações inter-grupos; 60=comparações intra-grupo). Os resultados revelaram diferença nas respostas sobre o uso desse tipo de programa por parte de praticantes e não-praticantes (Q=26,571, p<0,001, GL=3) e as correlações mostraram concordância “forte” para ATM (índice=0,76) e concordância “fraca” para análises técnico-táticas (índice=0,08) entre praticantes e não-praticantes, com  concordância intra-grupo “distante” ou “moderada” para não-praticantes (índice=0,23). Em conclusão, ATM apresentou objetividade e replicabilidade nos três grupos; para análises técnico-táticas se faz necessária a expertise ou a prática da modalidade.
Investigação narrativa e formação de professores de educação física: possibilidades para uma prática colaborativa
Authors: Luiz Igor Câmara , Mello André Da Silva , Ventorim Silvana , Ferreira Neto Amarílio , Santos Wagner Dos
Published: October 2016

Analise de uma formação continuada baseada na perspectiva da investigação-formação das práticas pedagógicas de 14 professores de Educação Física de três Redes Municipais de Vitória/ES, sinalizando ações colaborativas entre Universidade e Educação Básica. O processo formativo foi pautado pela perspectiva da investigação-formação das práticas produzidas pelos docentes em seu cotidiano escolar, no sentido de contribuir para produção de políticas de formação continuada que aproximem a Universidade e a Educação Básica e, também, que valorize a coautoria e a corresponsabilidade do professor nesse processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo narrativa (auto)biográfica. Utiliza entrevista, redes de conversações, questionário e observação participante como instrumentos de produção dos dados. As análises remetem à necessidade de estabelecer pontes de diálogo e relações colaborativas dentre os diversificados interesses inseridos nas formações, qual seja, o da pesquisa, o das redes municipais de educação e o dos professores, ao assumir as suas experiências profissionais como referências formativas.
Efeitos de um treinamento resistido com tubos elásticos sobre a força muscular, qualidade de vida e dispneia de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Silva Bruna Spolador de Alencar , Gobbo Luis Alberto , Freire Ana Paula Coelho Figueira , Trevisan Iara Buriola , Silva Isis Grigoletto , Ramos Ercy Mara Cipulo
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do treinamento resistido com tubos elásticos e aparelhos de musculação sobre qualidade de vida e dispneia em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Os participantes foram alocados em dois grupos: treinamento com tubos elásticos (GTE, n=9) e convencional (GRC, n=10). Força isométrica foi mensurada em cinco exercícios, e qualidade de vida (CRQ) e nível de dispneia (MRC) foram avaliados por questionários. As variáveis força isométrica e MRC variaram significantemente nos dois grupos, enquanto o domínio dispneia de CRQ apresentou diferença entre os momentos (p<0,05) apenas para GRC. Flexão de ombro e de cotovelo apresentaram correlação negativa e significante com a variável MRC (p<0,05) para GRC. As duas intervenções foram benéficas para o aumento da força e da redução da pontuação em MRC, com aumento da força de membros superiores correlacionado à redução da sensação de dispneia nos pacientes com DPOC.
Aptidão funcional e qualidade de vida de idosos frequentadores de uma universidade aberta da maior idade
Authors: Rocha Ricelli Endrigo , Mineiro Lindomar , Boscatto Elaine Caroline , Mello Maicon Faccioni
Published: October 2016

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a aptidão funcional e a qualidade de vida de idosos participantes de uma Universidade Aberta da Maior Idade. A amostra foi composta de 189 idosas e 50 idosos. A aptidão funcional foi avaliada através do Sênior Fitness Test e a qualidade de vida através do questionário WHOQOL-OLD. Para as comparações realizadas entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes com nível significância de p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram que a aptidão funcional das idosas estava na média ou acima da média e os idosos abaixo da média na maioria dos testes. O escore de 66,16% mostrou que a amostra de idosos estava satisfeito com a qualidade de vida geral. Em conclusão, a amostra de idosos que participam da Universidade Aberta da Maior Idade apresenta aptidão funcional satisfatória e estão satisfeitos com a qualidade de vida.
Associação entre aposentadoria por invalidez, estado nutricional e inatividade física em adultos de uma cidade brasileira de médio porte
Authors: Araujo Monique Yndawe Castanho , Cantarutti Débora Christante , Queiroz Dayane Cristina , Turi Bruna Camilo , Christofaro Diego Giuliano Destro , Codogno Jamile Sanches
Published: October 2016

Analisar a ocorrência de aposentadorias por invalidez e sua associação com inatividade física e estado nutricional, de maneira isolada e agregada, em pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde com idade ≥ 50 anos. 542 adultos de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 61,9 anos (IC95%= 61,2; 62,7) foram avaliados em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, no ano de 2013. O índice de Massa Corporal (em Kg/m²) foi mensurado e a aposentadoria por invalidez, bem como a prática habitual de atividade física, e a presença de doenças foram auto-referidas. Variável cluster de inatividade física e obesidade foi criada com o objetivo de analisar, em conjunto, a atividade física e o estado nutricional. A ocorrência de aposentadorias por invalidez foi de 25,6% (IC95%= 21,9% - 29,3%). A agregação entre obesidade e inatividade física foi associada à maior ocorrência de aposentadoria por invalidez (OR= 2.26 [IC95%: 1.14; 4.47]) quando modelo foi ajustado por infarto, osteoporose, artrite/artrose, hérnia de disco e lombalgia. Conclui-se que a aposentadoria por invalidez nesta amostra foi superior a 25%, a qual foi significativamente influenciada pela agregação de obesidade e inatividade física
Efeitos da transição de um programa de reabilitação cardíaca supervisionado para não supervisionado em indivíduos com cardiopatias
Authors: Palma Mariana Romanholi , Freire Ana Paula Coelho Figueira , Rossi Melissa De Carvalho , Abegão Mickeline Fidalgo , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques , Pacagnelli Francis Lopes
Published: October 2016

Muitos pacientes pós-cirúrgicos de revascularização do miocárdio elegíveis para reabilitação cardíaca não estão sendo atendidos, é importante uma rotatividade nos centros de atendimento, de forma que outros possam se beneficiar do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar possíveis efeitos da substituição de programa de reabilitação cardiovascular supervisionado (fase III) para não supervisionado (fase IV), durante dois meses, na capacidade funcional, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e parâmetros cardiometabólicos de indivíduos com diagnóstico de doenças cardiovasculares. Foram avaliados 10 pacientes que encontravam-se em programa de reabilitação cardíaca fase III por período mínimo de seis meses, elegíveis para reabilitação não supervisionada. Os parâmetros analisados foram capacidade funcional, VFC, pressão arterial, glicemia capilar, relação cintura quadril e índice de massa corpórea. Indivíduos submetidos a atividades não supervisionadas durante dois meses, não apresentaram alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados.  A Fase IV manteve adaptações obtidas e deve ser incentivada à pacientes de baixo risco cardiovascular que apresentaram benefícios na fase III.
Benefícios da atividade física em homens com câncer de próstata – Revisão sistemática
Authors: Boing Leonessa , Seemann Taysi , Souza Melissa De Carvalho , Dias Mirella , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo
Published: October 2016

Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática cujo objetivo foi analisar estudos originais que investigaram benefícios da atividade física em homens com câncer de próstata. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Biblioteca Virtual Scielo, e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Para o levantamento dos artigos utilizou-se os descritores [motor activity] AND [prostate neoplasm] em inglês, espanhol e português. Foram incluídos 19 estudos publicados em inglês, entre 2004 e 2014. As investigações tiveram maior foco na atividade física com outras variáveis, relacionando-as positivamente com melhoria da qualidade de vida e diminuição da mortalidade e progressão da doença. Foram observados benefícios em variáveis como fadiga e função sexual, além da diminuição na circunferência abdominal e pressão arterial. Novos estudos são sugeridos a fim de investigar a prática de atividade física em diferentes intensidades com ensaios clínicos randomizados, permeando o diagnóstico, período de tratamento e recuperação do paciente.
Variação diurna entre matutinos e vespertinos nos tempos de reação motora e de movimento
Authors: Meira Junior Cassio Miranda , Benedito-Silva Ana Amelia , Falconi Mariana Muriel Vitorio
Published: October 2016

O ritmo circadiano do desempenho motor é sincronizado ao ritmo da temperatura corporal, com picos ao final da tarde, e ao ciclo vigília-sono, com diferenças individuais quanto às preferências pelos horários de dormir e acordar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar se diferenças entre as preferências de horários de dormir e acordar (matutinidade-vespertinidade) se sobrepõem à influência da temperatura corporal no desempenho motor. Quarenta universitários, 20 matutinos e 20 vespertinos, realizaram uma tarefa motora para medir o tempo de reação (TR) diante de estímulos visuais apresentados pela manhã e à tarde. Os resultados mostraram que tanto matutinos quanto vespertinos apresentaram valores de TR menores à tarde e que pela manhã os matutinos obtiveram valores de TR menores que os vespertinos. Pode-se concluir que o TR não foi influenciado pela matutinidade-vespertinidade, mas sim pelo momento circadiano do pico de temperatura.
Indicadores antropométricos e desempenho motor de escolares Manauaras (AM–Brasil)
Authors: Libardoni dos Santos João Otacilio , Dos Santos Rafaela Christine , Fernandes Ferreira Lúcio , Cardoso Fernando Luiz
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os indicadores antropométricos e o desempenho motor em 350 escolares (8 á 10 anos) da cidade de Manaus. As variáveis selecionadas foram: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), razão Cintura/estatura (RCEst) e Desempenho Motor (DM). Para a avaliação do desempenho motor foi utilizado o teste de coordenação corporal para crianças (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder - KTK). Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e inferencial com p ≤0,05. Observou-se que a maioria dos escolares apresentou um DM classificado como Normal, entretanto crianças com alterações nos valores padrões de estado nutricional considerados acima do peso (IMC) e como tendo risco a saúde (CC/RCEst) apresentaram DM estatisticamente inferior. É possível afirmar que alterações negativas nos indicadores antropométricos mostraram neste estudo um aumento de casos de escolares com DM baixo, indicando estas variáveis um possível prognóstico para a intervenção de ações preventivas.
G-CSF–Induced Suppressor IL-10+ Neutrophils Promote Regulatory T Cells That Inhibit Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Long-Lasting and Specific Way
Authors: Perobelli Suelen Martins , Mercadante Ana Carolina Terra , Galvani Rômulo Gonçalves , Gonçalves-Silva Triciana , Alves Ana Paula Gregório , Pereira-Neves Antonio , Benchimol Marlene , Nóbrega Alberto , Bonomo Adriana
Published: October 2016

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the main complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and many efforts have been made to overcome this important limitation. We showed previously that G-CSF treatment generates low-density splenic granulocytes that inhibit experimental aGVHD. In this article, we show that aGVHD protection relies on incoming IL-10+ neutrophils from G-CSF–treated donor spleen (G-Neutrophils). These G-Neutrophils have high phagocytic capacity, high peroxide production, low myeloperoxidase activity, and low cytoplasmic granule content, which accounts for their low density. Furthermore, they have low expression of MHC class II, costimulatory molecules, and low arginase1 expression. Also, they have low IFN-γ, IL-17F, IL-2, and IL-12 levels, with increased IL-10 production and NO synthase 2 expression. These features are in accordance with the modulatory capacity of G-Neutrophils on regulatory T cell (Treg) generation. In vivo, CD25+ Treg depletion shortly after transplantation with splenic cells from G-CSF–treated donors blocks suppression of aGVHD, suggesting Treg involvement in the protection induced by the G-Neutrophils. The immunocompetence and specificity of the semiallogeneic T cells, long-term after the bone marrow transplant using G-Neutrophils, were confirmed by third-party skin graft rejection; importantly, a graft-versus-leukemia assay showed that T cell activity was maintained, and all of the leukemic cells were eliminated. We conclude that G-CSF treatment generates a population of activated and suppressive G-Neutrophils that reduces aGVHD in an IL-10– and Treg-dependent manner, while maintaining immunocompetence and the graft versus leukemia effect.
Mannan-Binding Lectin–Associated Serine Protease 1/3 Cleavage of Pro–Factor D into Factor D In Vivo and Attenuation of Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis through Their Targeted Inhibition by RNA Interference–Mediated Gene Silencing
Authors: Banda Nirmal K. , Acharya Sumitra , Scheinman Robert I. , Mehta Gaurav , Coulombe Marilyne , Takahashi Minoru , Sekine Hideharu , Thiel Steffen , Fujita Teizo , Holers V. Michael
Published: October 2016

The complement system is proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The complement system mannan-binding lectin–associated serine proteases (MASP)-1/3 cleave pro–factor D (proDf; inactive) into Df (active), but it is unknown where this cleavage occurs and whether inhibition of MASP-1/3 is a relevant therapeutic strategy for RA. In the present study, we show that the cleavage of proDf into Df by MASP-1/3 can occur in the circulation and that inhibition of MASP-1/3 by gene silencing is sufficient to ameliorate collagen Ab–induced arthritis in mice. Specifically, to examine the cleavage of proDf into Df, MASP-1/3–producing Df−/− liver tissue (donor) was transplanted under the kidney capsule of MASP-1/3−/− (recipient) mice. Five weeks after the liver transplantation, cleaved Df was present in the circulation of MASP-1/3−/− mice. To determine the individual effects of MASP-1/3 and Df gene silencing on collagen Ab–induced arthritis, mice were injected with scrambled, MASP-1/3–targeted, or Df-targeted small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The mRNA levels for MASP-1 and -3 decreased in the liver to 62 and 58%, respectively, in mice injected with MASP-1/3 siRNAs, and Df mRNA decreased to 53% in the adipose tissue of mice injected with Df siRNAs; additionally, circulating MASP-1/3 and Df protein levels were decreased. In mice injected with both siRNAs the clinical disease activity, histopathologic injury scores, C3 deposition, and synovial macrophage/neutrophil infiltration were significantly decreased. Thus, MASP-1/3 represent a new therapeutic target for the treatment of RA, likely through both direct effects on the lectin pathway and indirectly through the alternative pathway.
Evaluation of 2 Heat-Mitigation Methods in Army Trainees
Authors: Sefton JoEllen M. , McAdam J. S. , Pascoe David D. , Lohse K. R. , Banda Robert L. , Henault Corbin B. , Cherrington Andrew R. , Adams N. E.
Published: October 2016

Context: Heat injury is a significant threat to military trainees. Different methods of heat mitigation are in use across military units. Mist fans are 1 of several methods used in the hot and humid climate of Fort Benning, Georgia.

Objectives: To determine if (1) the mist fan or the cooling towel effectively lowered participant core temperature in the humid environment found at Fort Benning and (2) the mist fan or the cooling towel presented additional physiologic or safety benefits or detriments when used in this environment.

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting: Laboratory environmental chamber.

Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-five physically active men aged 19 to 35 years.

Intervention(s): (1) Mist fan, (2) commercial cooling towel, (3) passive-cooling (no intervention) control. All treatments lasted 20 minutes. Participants ran on a treadmill at 60% V̇o2max.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Rectal core temperature, heart rate, thermal comfort, perceived temperature, perceived wetness, and blood pressure.

Results: Average core temperature increased during 20 minutes of cooling (F1,28 = 64.76, P < .001, ηp2 = 0.70), regardless of group (F1,28 = 3.41, P = .08, ηp2 = 0.11) or condition (F1,28 < 1.0). Core temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure did not differ among the 3 conditions. Perceived temperature during 20 minutes of cooling decreased (F1,30 = 141.19, P < .001, ηp2 = 0.83) regardless of group or condition. Perceived temperature was lower with the mist-fan treatment than with the control treatment (F1,15 = 7.38, P = .02, ηp2 = 0.32). The mist-fan group perceived themselves to be cooler even at elevated core temperatures.

Conclusions: The mist fan and cooling towel were both ineffective at lowering core temperature. Core temperature continued to increase after exercise in all groups. The mist fan produced feelings of coolness while the core temperature remained elevated, possibly increasing the risk of heat illness.