bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On indirect noise in multicomponent nozzle flows
Authors: Magri Luca
Published: September 2017

A one-dimensional, unsteady nozzle flow is modelled to identify the sources of indirect noise in multicomponent gases. First, from non-equilibrium thermodynamics relations, it is shown that a compositional inhomogeneity advected in an accelerating flow is a source of sound induced by inhomogeneities in the mixture (i) chemical potentials and (ii) specific heat capacities. Second, it is shown that the acoustic, entropy and compositional linear perturbations evolve independently from each other and they become coupled through mean-flow gradients and/or at the boundaries. Third, the equations are cast in invariant formulation and a mathematical solution is found by asymptotic expansion of path-ordered integrals with an infinite radius of convergence. Finally, the transfer functions are calculated for a supersonic nozzle with finite spatial extent perturbed by a methane–air compositional inhomogeneity. The proposed framework will help identify and quantify the sources of sound in nozzles with relevance, for example, to aeronautical gas turbines.
Preliminary Results for Estimating the Bone Background Uncertainties at SUERC Using Statistical Analysis
Authors: Naysmith P , Dunbar E , Scott E M , Cook G T , Tripney B G
Published: September 2017

Bone is frequently dated in archaeological studies and, especially for very old bones (more than 40,000 years old), it is critical to have an accurate and precise measure of the material-specific background value and its associated uncertainty. The SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory has obtained a mammoth bone as a background bone standard and an appropriate number are now routinely prepared and measured in each AMS batch, resulting in the accumulation of a large number of background bone results over a two-year period. Additionally, information on which of the two accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) instruments was used to make the radiocarbon (14C) measurements, and which sample pretreatment method (modified Longin or modified ultrafiltration) was used to extract and purify the collagen, is recorded for each sample. These data have been used to estimate the laboratory bone background (to be subtracted from each unknown bone sample prepared in the laboratory) and its associated analytical uncertainty. The statistical analysis of the bone results has made use of a linear mixed effects model to examine the variation, and to apportion the overall variation between and within batches on both AMS instruments, and the different pretreatment methods used at SUERC.
A giant squid (Architeuthis dux) off Reunion Island, western Indian Ocean: the greatest giant ever?
Authors: Romanov Evgeny V. , Jaquemet Sebastien , Puetz Lara
Published: September 2017

A freshly dead individual of the giant squidArchiteuthis dux, presumably mutilated by a predator of bigger or comparable size, is reported from the south-western Indian Ocean in proximity to Reunion Island. The species was identified from body and beak morphology and validated genetically. The dorsal mantle length (DML) estimated from beak measurements (lower rostral length, LRL) varied between 2153 and 3060 mm depending on the allometric equation used. TheArchiteuthis duxindividual described here is the biggest giant squid ever reported for the region.
Judaean and Christ-Follower Identities: Grounds for a Distinction
Authors: Mason Steve , Esler Philip F.
Published: September 2017

InNTS62.3 (July 2016) David Horrell argued that certain passages in 1 Corinthians 7 and 1 Peter 3 showed ‘ethnicising’ traits among the early Christians. He set this result against an alleged trend in scholarship that would distinguish and disparage a closed ethnic Judaism in relation to a new spiritual-universal Christianity. The present authors’ work was proffered as representative of this trend, even though no evidence was cited for such a connection and their work moves in a very different direction. Leaving aside Horrell's interpretation of the New Testament passages for reasons of space, this article takes up the larger question of Judaean and Christ-movement identities by reconsidering the position ofIoudaioiand Christ-followers in the early Roman Empire. Using different but convergent (social-scientific and historical-philological) methods, we find thatethnos-language was everywhere applied to the Judaeans, that this reflected normalcy and exchange with the world, and that Judaeans thus met the criteria of an ethnic group. Early Christians had no such recognised place. Their voluntary associations largely rejectedethnos- andpolis-commitment or identity. Neither Judaean openness to the world nor Christian alienation supports the position that Horrell attributes to us.
Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation during the recollection of stressful events is an acquired characteristic of PTSD
Authors: Dahlgren M. K. , Laifer L. M. , VanElzakker M. B. , Offringa R. , Hughes K. C. , Staples-Bradley L. K. , Dubois S. J. , Lasko N. B. , Hinojosa C. A. , Orr S. P. , Pitman R. K. , Shin L. M.
Published: September 2017

Background

Previous research has shown relatively diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation and heightened psychophysiological responses during the recollection of personal events in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the origin of these abnormalities is unknown. Twin studies provide the opportunity to determine whether such abnormalities reflect familial vulnerabilities, result from trauma exposure, or are acquired characteristics of PTSD.

Methods

In this case–control twin study, 26 male identical twin pairs (12 PTSD; 14 non-PTSD) discordant for PTSD and combat exposure recalled and imagined trauma-unrelated stressful and neutral life events using a standard script-driven imagery paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent skin conductance measurement.

Results

Diminished activation in the medial prefrontal cortex during Stressfulv.Neutral script-driven imagery was observed in the individuals with PTSD, relative to other groups.

Conclusions

Diminished medial prefrontal cortex activation during Stressfulv.Neutral script-driven imagery may be an acquired characteristic of PTSD. If replicated, this finding could be used prospectively to inform diagnosis and the assessment of treatment response.
THE LUTHERAN IDENTITY OF JOSQUIN’SMISSA PANGE LINGUA: RENAISSANCE OF A RENAISSANCE MASS
Authors: Tierno Alanna Ropchock
Published: September 2017

In sixteenth-century Germany, both Catholics and Lutherans circulated and performed Josquin’sMissa Pange lingua, even though its model, the hymnPange lingua, was associated with Eucharistic practices that were exclusively Catholic. This source-based study reveals how Lutherans selected theMissa Pange linguafor performance over other available masses and adapted it for their liturgical and pedagogical needs. Two printed sources of the mass offer perspectives on how Lutherans might have negotiated the polemical rituals and theology associated with theMissa Pange linguaalongside an aesthetic interest in the work. The intention of this study is not to de-emphasise the connection between theMissa Pange linguaand its borrowed melody or the initial Catholic identity of the mass. Rather, the Lutheran identity of theMissa Pange linguaprovides an additional layer to the early reception history of this work and a case study of the Lutheran appropriation of Catholic music.
LEGITIMACY OF MEDICINES FUNDING IN THE ERA OF ACCELERATED ACCESS
Authors: Pace Jessica , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Lipworth Wendy
Published: September 2017

Objectives: In recent years, numerous frameworks have been developed to enhance the legitimacy of health technology assessment processes. Despite efforts to implement these “legitimacy frameworks,” medicines funding decisions can still be perceived as lacking in legitimacy. We, therefore, sought to examine stakeholder views on factors that they think should be considered when making decisions about the funding of high-cost breast cancer therapies, focusing on those that are not included in current frameworks and processes.

Methods: We analyzed published discourse on the funding of high-cost breast-cancer therapies. Relevant materials were identified by searching the databases Google, Google Scholar, and Factiva in August 2014 and July 2016 and these were analyzed thematically.

Results: We analyzed fifty published materials and found that stakeholders, for the most part, want to be able to access medicines more quickly and at the same time as other patients and for decision makers to be more flexible with regards to evidence requirements and to use a wider range of criteria when evaluating therapies. Many also advocated for existing process to be accelerated or bypassed to improve access to therapies.

Conclusions: Our results illustrate that a stakeholder-derived conceptualization of legitimacy emphasizes principles of accelerated access and is not fully accounted for by existing frameworks and processes aimed at promoting legitimacy. However, further research examining the ethical, political, and clinical implications of the stakeholder claims raised here is needed before firm policy recommendations can be made.
First Colombian Solar Radio Interferometer: current stage
Authors: Gómez J. C. Guevara , Oliveros J. C. Martínez , Calvo-Mozo B.
Published: September 2017

Solar radio astronomy is a fast developing research field in Colombia. Here, we present the scientific goals, specifications and current state of the First Colombian Solar Radio Interferometer consisting of two log-periodic antennas covering a frequency bandwidth op to 800 MHz. We describe the importance and benefits of its development to the radioastronomy in Latin America and its impact on the scientific community and general public.
sTools – a data reduction pipeline for the GREGOR Fabry-Pérot Interferometer and the High-resolution Fast Imager at the GREGOR solar telescope
Authors: Kuckein C. , Denker C. , Verma M. , Balthasar H. , Manrique S. J. González , Louis R. E. , Diercke A.
Published: September 2017

A huge amount of data has been acquired with the GREGOR Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (GFPI), large-format facility cameras, and since 2016 with the High-resolution Fast Imager (HiFI). These data are processed in standardized procedures with the aim of providing science-ready data for the solar physics community. For this purpose, we have developed a user-friendly data reduction pipeline called “sTools” based on the Interactive Data Language (IDL) and licensed under creative commons license. The pipeline delivers reduced and image-reconstructed data with a minimum of user interaction. Furthermore, quick-look data are generated as well as a webpage with an overview of the observations and their statistics. All the processed data are stored online at the GREGOR GFPI and HiFI data archive of the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP). The principles of the pipeline are presented together with selected high-resolution spectral scans and images processed with sTools.
Small magnetic structures near the polar regions of the Sun
Authors: Cabello I. , Rodríguez J. Blanco , Balmaceda L. , Domingo V.
Published: September 2017

The study of the small magnetic structures of the solar photosphere is of great relevance because of their association with concentrations of magnetic field and their possible contribution to the variations of the Total Solar Irradiance. These structures are known to appear close to active regions and ubiquitously in the quiet Sun areas. Numerous studies about their distribution across all over the solar surface have been done with high-resolution instrumentation. However, since the observations have always been carried out from the ecliptic plane, their distribution near the polar regions is not well known. Future missions, like Solar Orbiter, will certainly provide valuable information on these yet unexplored regions. In this work, and in preparation for that moment, we select favorable periods for the observation of the polar regions of the Sun, and study the fraction of covered surface by small magnetic structures and its variation with the solar activity.
Flows along arch filaments observed in the GRIS ‘very fast spectroscopic mode’
Authors: Manrique S. J. González , Denker C. , Kuckein C. , Yabar A. Pastor , Collados M. , Verma M. , Balthasar H. , Diercke A. , Fischer C. E. , Gömöry P. , González N. Bello , Schlichenmaier R. , Armas M. Cubas , Berkefeld T. , Feller A. , Hoch S. , Hofmann A. , Lagg A. , Nicklas H. , Suárez D. Orozco , Schmidt D. , Schmidt W. , Sigwarth M. , Sobotka M. , Solanki S. K. , Soltau D. , Staude J. , Strassmeier K. G. , Volkmer R. , von der Lühe O. , Waldmann T.
Published: September 2017

A new generation of solar instruments provides improved spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution, thus facilitating a better understanding of dynamic processes on the Sun. High-resolution observations often reveal multiple-component spectral line profiles, e.g., in the near-infrared He i 10830 Å triplet, which provides information about the chromospheric velocity and magnetic fine structure. We observed an emerging flux region, including two small pores and an arch filament system, on 2015 April 17 with the ‘very fast spectroscopic mode’ of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) situated at the 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. We discuss this method of obtaining fast (one per minute) spectral scans of the solar surface and its potential to follow dynamic processes on the Sun. We demonstrate the performance of the ‘very fast spectroscopic mode’ by tracking chromospheric high-velocity features in the arch filament system.
Photospheric magnetic field of an eroded-by-solar-wind coronal mass ejection
Authors: Palacios J. , Cid C. , Saiz E. , Guerrero A.
Published: September 2017

We have investigated the case of a coronal mass ejection that was eroded by the fast wind of a coronal hole in the interplanetary medium. When a solar ejection takes place close to a coronal hole, the flux rope magnetic topology of the coronal mass ejection (CME) may become misshapen at 1 AU as a result of the interaction. Detailed analysis of this event reveals erosion of the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) magnetic field. In this communication, we study the photospheric magnetic roots of the coronal hole and the coronal mass ejection area with HMI/SDO magnetograms to define their magnetic characteristics.
Magnetic field line braiding in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Candelaresi S. , Pontin D. I. , Hornig G.
Published: September 2017

Using a magnetic carpet as model for the near surface solar magnetic field we study its effects on the propagation of energy injectected by photospheric footpoint motions. Such a magnetic carpet structure is topologically highly non-trivial and with its magnetic nulls exhibits qualitatively different behavior than simpler magnetic fields. We show that the presence of magnetic fields connecting back to the photosphere inhibits the propagation of energy into higher layers of the solar atmosphere, like the solar corona. By applying certain types of footpoint motions the magnetic field topology is is greatly reduced through magnetic field reconnection which facilitates the propagation of energy and disturbances from the photosphere.
Coronal Mass Ejections travel time
Authors: Braga Carlos Roberto , de Mendonça Rafael Rodrigues Souza , Dal Lago Alisson , Echer Ezequiel
Published: September 2017

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the main source of intense geomagnetic storms when they are earthward directed. Studying their travel time is a key-point to understand when the disturbance will be observed at Earth. In this work, we study the CME that originated the interplanetary disturbance observed on 2013/10/02. According to the observations, the CME that caused the interplanetary disturbance was ejected on 2013/09/29. We obtained the CME speed and estimate of the time of arrival at the Lagrangian Point L1 using the concept of expansion speed. We found that observed and estimated times of arrival of the shock differ between 2 and 23 hours depending on method used to estimate the radial speed.
Solar and stellar coronae and winds
Authors: Jardine Moira
Published: September 2017

Solar-like stars influence their environments through their coronal emis- sion and winds. These processes are linked through the physics of the stellar magnetic field, whose strength and geometry has now been explored for a large number of stars through spectropolarimetric observations. We have now detected trends with mass and rotation rate in the distribution of magnetic energies in different geometries and on also different length scales. This has implications both for the dynamo processes that generate the fields and also for the dynamics and evolution of the coronae and winds. Modelling of the surface driving processes on stars of various masses and rotation rates has revealed tantalising clues about the dynamics of stellar coronae and their ejecta. These new observations have also prompted a resurgence in the modelling of stellar winds, which is now uncovering the range of different interplanetary conditions that exoplanets might experience as they evolve.
Coherent Synchrotron Radiation in Laboratory Accelerators and the Double-Spectral Feature in Solar Flares
Authors: Cruz Wellington , Szpigel Sérgio , Kaufmann Pierre , Raulin Jean-Pierre , Klopf Michael
Published: September 2017

Recent observations of solar flares at high-frequencies have provided evidence of a new spectral component with fluxes increasing with frequency in the sub-THz to THz range. This new component occurs simultaneously but is separated from the well-known microwave spectral component that maximizes at frequencies of a few to tens of GHz. The aim of this work is to study in detail a mechanism recently suggested to describe the double-spectrum feature observed in solar flares based on the physical process known as microbunching instability, which occurs with high-energy electron beams in laboratory accelerators.
Modelling coronal electron density and temperature profiles of the Active Region NOAA 11855
Authors: Gómez J. M. Rodríguez , Vieira L. E. Antunes , Dal Lago A. , Palacios J. , Balmaceda L. A. , Stekel T.
Published: September 2017

The magnetic flux emergence can help understand the physical mechanism responsible for solar atmospheric phenomena. Emerging magnetic flux is frequently related to eruptive events, because when emerging they can reconnected with the ambient field and release magnetic energy. We will use a physic-based model to reconstruct the evolution of the solar emission based on the configuration of the photospheric magnetic field. The structure of the coronal magnetic field is estimated by employing force-free extrapolation NLFFF based on vector magnetic field products (SHARPS) observed by HMI instrument aboard SDO spacecraft from Sept. 29 (2013) to Oct. 07 (2013). The coronal plasma temperature and density are described and the emission is estimated using the CHIANTI atomic database 8.0. The performance of the our model is compared to the integrated emission from the AIA instrument aboard SDO spacecraft in the specific wavelengths 171Å and 304Å.
How to make the Sun look less like the Sun and more like a star?
Authors: Vidotto A. A.
Published: September 2017

Synoptic maps of the vector magnetic field have routinely been made available from stellar observations and recently have started to be obtained for the solar photospheric field. Although solar magnetic maps show a multitude of details, stellar maps are limited to imaging large-scale fields only. In spite of their lower resolution, magnetic field imaging of solar-type stars allow us to put the Sun in a much more general context. However, direct comparison between stellar and solar magnetic maps are hampered by their dramatic differences in resolution. Here, I present the results of a method to filter out the small-scale component of vector fields, in such a way that comparison between solar and stellar (large-scale) magnetic field vector maps can be directly made. This approach extends the technique widely used to decompose the radial component of the solar magnetic field to the azimuthal and meridional components as well, and is entirely consistent with the description adopted in several stellar studies. This method can also be used to confront synoptic maps synthesised in numerical simulations of dynamo and magnetic flux transport studies to those derived from stellar observations.
Evidence of in-situ Type II radio bursts in interplanetary shocks
Authors: Díaz-Castillo S. M. , Oliveros J. C. Martínez , Calvo-Mozo B.
Published: September 2017

We present a database of 11 interplanetary shocks associated to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by STEREO and Wind missions between 2006 and 2011 that show evidence of Type II radio burst. For all events, we calculated the principal characteristics of the shock driver, the intensity and geometrical configuration of the in-situ shock and checked for the existence of in-situ type II radio burst. We made a comparative analysis of two CME events (on 18 August 2010 and 4 June 2011), which are apparently associated to two or more magnetic structures which interact in space (i.e. CMEs, SIRs, CIRs). These events show varied shock configurations and intensities. We found evidence of in-situ type II radio bursts in one of the events studied, suggesting that the geometry of the shock (quasi-perpendicularity) is also critical for the generation and/or detection of radio emission in-situ.
CARMENES – M Dwarfs and their Planets: First Results
Authors: Quirrenbach A. , Amado P.J. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Caballero J.A. , Seifert W. , Zechmeister M. ,   the CARMENES Consortium
Published: September 2017

CARMENES is a pair of high-resolution (R ≳ 80, 000) spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.71 μm with only small gaps. The instrument has been optimized for precise radial velocity measurements. It was installed and commissioned at the 3.5 m telescope of the Calar Alto observatory in Southern Spain in 2015. The first large science program of CARMENES is a survey of ~300 M dwarfs, which started on Jan 1, 2016. We present an overview of the instrument, and provide a few examples of early science results.
Evolution of Long Term Variability in Solar Analogs
Authors: Egeland Ricky , Soon Willie , Baliunas Sallie , Hall Jeffrey C. , Henry Gregory W.
Published: September 2017

Earth is the only planet known to harbor life, therefore we may speculate on how the nature of the Sun-Earth interaction is relevant to life on Earth, and how the behavior of other stars may influence the development of life on their planetary systems. We study the long-term variability of a sample of five solar analog stars using composite chromospheric activity records up to 50 years in length and synoptic visible-band photometry about 20 years long. This sample covers a large range of stellar ages which we use to represent the evolution in activity for solar mass stars. We find that young, fast rotators have an amplitude of variability many times that of the solar cycle, while old, slow rotators have very little variability. We discuss the possible impacts of this variability on young Earth and exoplanet climates.
Improved rotation-activity-age relations in Sun-like stars
Authors: Meléndez Jorge , Santos Leonardo A. dos , Freitas Fabrício C.
Published: September 2017

The evolution of rotational velocity and magnetic activity with age follows approximately at−1/2relation, the famous Skumanich law. Using a large sample of about 80 solar twins with precise ages, we show departures from this law. We found a steep drop in rotational velocity and activity in the first 2-3 Gyr and afterwards there seems to be a shallow decrease. Our inferred rotational periods suggest that the Sun will continue to slow down, validating thus the use of gyrochronology beyond solar age. The Sun displays normal rotational velocity and activity when compared to solar twins of solar age. We also show that stars with exceedingly high stellar activity for their age are spectroscopic binaries that also exhibit enhanced rotational velocities and chemical signatures of mass transfer.
High Energy Exoplanet Transits
Authors: Llama Joe , Shkolnik Evgenya L.
Published: September 2017

X-ray and ultraviolet transits of exoplanets allow us to probe the atmospheres of these worlds. High energy transits have been shown to be deeper but also more variable than in the optical. By simulating exoplanet transits using high-energy observations of the Sun, we can test the limits of our ability to accurately measure the properties of these planets in the presence of stellar activity. We use both disk-resolved images of the Solar disk spanning soft X-rays, the ultraviolet, and the optical and also disk-integrated Sun-as-a-star observations of the Lyα irradiance to simulate transits over a wide wavelength range. We find that for stars with activity levels similar to the Sun, the planet-to-star radius ratio can be overestimated by up to 50% if the planet occults an active region at high energies. We also compare our simulations to high energy transits of WASP-12b, HD 189733, 55 Cnc b, and GJ 436b.
Stellar Midlife Crises: Challenges and Advances in Simulating Convection and Differential Rotation in Sun-like Stars
Authors: Nelson Nicholas J. , Payne Charles , Sorensen Cameron Michael
Published: September 2017

Low mass, main sequence stars like our Sun exhibit a wide variety of rotational and magnetic states. Observational and theoretical advances have led to a renewed emphasis on understanding the rotational and magnetic evolution of sun-like stars has become a pressing problem in stellar physics. We use global 3D convection and convective dynamo simulations in rotating spherical shells and with realistic stellar stratification to explore the behavior of “middle-aged” stars. We show that for stars with slightly less rotational influence than our Sun a transition occurs from solar-like (fast equator, slow poles) to anti-solar (slow equator, fast poles) differential rotation. We investigate this transition using two different treatments for the upper boundary of our simulations and we hypothesize that this transition from solar-like to anti-solar differential rotation may be responsible for observations of anomalously rapid rotation for stars older than our Sun.
Interactions among Cultivation, Weeds, and a Biofungicide in Organic Vidalia® Sweet Onion
Authors: Johnson W. Carroll , Dutta Bhabesh , Sanders F. Hunt , Luo Xuelin
Published: September 2017

Weed management in the organic Vidalia® sweet onion production system is largely dependent on multiple cultivations with a tine weeder. Earlier research suggested cultivation with a tine weeder did not predispose onion bulbs to infection during storage. Trials were conducted from 2012 through 2014 near Lyons, GA, to determine the interactive effects of cultivation, weed removal, and a biofungicide on weed densities, onion yield, grade, and diseases of stored onion. Cultivation twice or four times at biweekly intervals with a tine weeder reduced densities of cutleaf evening-primrose, lesser swinecress, and henbit compared with the noncultivated control, although weeds surviving cultivation were very large and mature at harvest. Cultivation generally improved onion yields over the noncultivated control, except in 2014, when baseline weed densities were high and weeds surviving cultivation were numerous. Weeds removed by hand weeding improved onion yields, but that effect was independent of cultivation. Four applications of a biofungicide derived from giant knotweed had no effect on onion yield. Cultivation had no effect on incidence of the fungal disease botrytis neck rot, with inconsistent effects on the bacterial diseases center rot and sour skin. Weed removal with hand weeding did not affect diseases of stored onion. The biofungicide had no effect on diseases of stored onion. These results demonstrate the limitations of cultivation when cool-season weed infestations are dense. With no interactions among main effects, weed control and onion yield response to cultivation and hand weeding are independent. Cultivation for weed control is much less costly than hand weeding. With no interaction between the cultivation and weed removal main effects, it is not necessary to supplement tine weeder cultivation with costly hand weeding.
ESVM guidelines – the diagnosis and management of Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: Belch Jill , Carlizza Anita , Carpentier Patrick H. , Constans Joel , Khan Faisel , Wautrecht Jean-Claude , Visona Adriana , Heiss Christian , Brodeman Marianne , Pécsvárady Zsolt , Roztocil Karel , Colgan Mary-Paula , Vasic Dragan , Gottsäter Anders , Amann-Vesti Beatrice , Chraim Ali , Poredoš Pavel , Olinic Dan-Mircea , Madaric Juraj , Nikol Sigrid , Herrick Ariane L. , Sprynger Muriel , Klein-Weigel Peter , Hafner Franz , Staub Daniel , Zeman Zan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Regarding the clinical diagnosis of Raynaud’s phenomenon and its associated conditions, investigations and treatment are substantial, and yet no international consensus has been published regarding the medical management of patients presenting with this condition. Most knowledge on this topic derives from epidemiological surveys and observational studies; few randomized studies are available, almost all relating to drug treatment, and thus these guidelines were developed as an expert consensus document to aid in the diagnosis and management of Raynaud’s phenomenon. This consensus document starts with a clarification about the definition and terminology of Raynaud’s phenomenon and covers the differential and aetiological diagnoses as well as the symptomatic treatment.
Excess labile carbon promotes the expression of virulence factors in coral reef bacterioplankton
Authors: Cárdenas Anny , Neave Matthew J , Haroon Mohamed Fauzi , Pogoreutz Claudia , Rädecker Nils , Wild Christian , Gärdes Astrid , Voolstra Christian R
Published: September 2017

Coastal pollution and algal cover are increasing on many coral reefs, resulting in higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. High DOC concentrations strongly affect microbial activity in reef waters and select for copiotrophic, often potentially virulent microbial populations. High DOC concentrations on coral reefs are also hypothesized to be a determinant for switching microbial lifestyles from commensal to pathogenic, thereby contributing to coral reef degradation, but evidence is missing. In this study, we conducted ex situ incubations to assess gene expression of planktonic microbial populations under elevated concentrations of naturally abundant monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose) in algal exudates and sewage inflows. We assembled 27 near-complete (>70%) microbial genomes through metagenomic sequencing and determined associated expression patterns through metatranscriptomic sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a shift in the central carbohydrate metabolism and the induction of metalloproteases, siderophores, and toxins in Alteromonas, Erythrobacter, Oceanicola, and Alcanivorax populations. Sugar-specific induction of virulence factors suggests a mechanistic link for the switch from a commensal to a pathogenic lifestyle, particularly relevant during increased algal cover and human-derived pollution on coral reefs. Although an explicit test remains to be performed, our data support the hypothesis that increased availability of specific sugars changes net microbial community activity in ways that increase the emergence and abundance of opportunistic pathogens, potentially contributing to coral reef degradation.
DNA-SIP based genome-centric metagenomics identifies key long-chain fatty acid-degrading populations in anaerobic digesters with different feeding frequencies
Authors: Ziels Ryan M , Sousa Diana Z , Stensel H David , Beck David A C
Published: September 2017

Fats, oils and greases (FOG) are energy-dense wastes that can be added to anaerobic digesters to substantially increase biomethane recovery via their conversion through long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). However, a better understanding of the ecophysiology of syntrophic LCFA-degrading microbial communities in anaerobic digesters is needed to develop operating strategies that mitigate inhibitory LCFA accumulation from FOG. In this research, DNA stable isotope probing (SIP) was coupled with metagenomic sequencing for a genome-centric comparison of oleate (C18:1)-degrading populations in two anaerobic codigesters operated with either a pulse feeding or continuous-feeding strategy. The pulse-fed codigester microcosms converted oleate into methane at over 20% higher rates than the continuous-fed codigester microcosms. Differential coverage binning was demonstrated for the first time to recover population genome bins (GBs) from DNA-SIP metagenomes. About 70% of the 13C-enriched GBs were taxonomically assigned to the Syntrophomonas genus, thus substantiating the importance of Syntrophomonas species to LCFA degradation in anaerobic digesters. Phylogenetic comparisons of 13C-enriched GBs showed that phylogenetically distinct Syntrophomonas GBs were unique to each codigester. Overall, these results suggest that syntrophic populations in anaerobic digesters can have different adaptive capacities, and that selection for divergent populations may be achieved by adjusting reactor operating conditions to maximize biomethane recovery.
Erratum: GWAS meta-analysis reveals novel loci and genetic correlates for general cognitive function: a report from the COGENT consortium
Authors: Trampush J W , Yang M L Z , Yu J , Knowles E , Davies G , Liewald D C , Starr J M , Djurovic S , Melle I , Sundet K , Christoforou A , Reinvang I , DeRosse P , Lundervold A J , Steen V M , Espeseth T , Räikkönen K , Widen E , Palotie A , Eriksson J G , Giegling I , Konte B , Roussos P , Giakoumaki S , Burdick K E , Payton A , Ollier W , Horan M , Chiba-Falek O , Attix D K , Need A C , Cirulli E T , Voineskos A N , Stefanis N C , Avramopoulos D , Hatzimanolis A , Arking D E , Smyrnis N , Bilder R M , Freimer N A , Cannon T D , London E , Poldrack R A , Sabb F W , Congdon E , Conley E D , Scult M A , Dickinson D , Straub R E , Donohoe G , Morris D , Corvin A , Gill M , Hariri A R , Weinberger D R , Pendleton N , Bitsios P , Rujescu D , Lahti J , Le Hellard S , Keller M C , Andreassen O A , Deary I J , Glahn D C , Malhotra A K , Lencz T
Published: September 2017

Correction to: Molecular Psychiatry (2017) 22, 336–345; doi:10.1038/mp.2016.244;published online 17 January 2017 Data access for several cohorts used in this study was provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP). dbGaP accession numbers for these cohorts were as follows:
Organocatalytic synthesis of chiral tetrasubstituted allenes from racemic propargylic alcohols
Authors: Qian Deyun , Wu LinLin , Lin Zhenyang , Sun Jianwei
Published: September 2017

Although chiral allene preparation via formal SN2’ nucleophilic substitutions of enantioenriched propargylic derivatives or metal-catalyzed reactions of racemic propargylic derivatives has attracted considerable attention and found applications in many areas of research, direct use of propargylic alcohols instead of propargylic derivatives for catalytic asymmetric allene synthesis is unknown. Here, we show that a highly enantioselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted allenes from racemic propargylic alcohols has been realized by organocatalysis with good efficiency (up to 96% yield and 97% ee). The intermolecular C–C and C–S bond formation was achieved efficiently with simultaneous stereocontrol over the axial chirality. Furthermore, an adjacent quaternary stereocenter could also be constructed. Mechanistically, the reaction may involve efficient stereocontrol on the propargylic cation by its chiral counter anion or 1,8-conjugate addition of para-quinone methides. In sharp contrast to previous central chirality construction, this process employs quinone methides for axial chirality construction.
Distinguishing faceted oxide nanocrystals with 17O solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yuhong , Wu Xin-Ping , Jiang Ningxin , Lin Ming , Shen Li , Sun Haicheng , Wang Yongzheng , Wang Meng , Ke Xiaokang , Yu Zhiwu , Gao Fei , Dong Lin , Guo Xuefeng , Hou Wenhua , Ding Weiping , Gong Xue-Qing , Grey Clare P. , Peng Luming
Published: September 2017

Facet engineering of oxide nanocrystals represents a powerful method for generating diverse properties for practical and innovative applications. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the nature of the exposed facets of oxides in order to develop the facet/morphology–property relationships and rationally design nanostructures with desired properties. Despite the extensive applications of electron microscopy for visualizing the facet structure of nanocrystals, the volumes sampled by such techniques are very small and may not be representative of the whole sample. Here, we develop a convenient 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) strategy to distinguish oxide nanocrystals exposing different facets. In combination with density functional theory calculations, we show that the oxygen ions on the exposed (001) and (101) facets of anatase titania nanocrystals have distinct 17O NMR shifts, which are sensitive to surface reconstruction and the nature of the steps on the surface. The results presented here open up methods for characterizing faceted nanocrystalline oxides and related materials.
Ecological strategies and metabolic trade-offs of complex environmental biofilms
Authors: Niederdorfer Robert , Besemer Katharina , Battin Tom J. , Peter Hannes
Published: September 2017

Microorganisms aggregated into matrix-enclosed biofilms dominate microbial life in most natural, engineered, and medical systems. Despite this, the ecological adaptations and metabolic trade-offs of the formation of complex biofilms are currently poorly understood. Here, exploring the dynamics of bacterial ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) copy numbers, we unravel the genomic underpinning of the formation and success of stream biofilms that contain hundreds of bacterial taxa. Experimenting with stream biofilms, we found that nascent biofilms in eutrophic systems had reduced lag phases and higher growth rates, and more taxa with higher rrn copy number than biofilms from oligotrophic systems. Based on these growth-related traits, our findings suggest that biofilm succession was dominated by slow-but-efficient bacteria likely with leaky functions, such as the production of extracellular polymeric substances at the cost of rapid growth. Expanding our experimental findings to biofilms from 140 streams, we found that rrn copy number distribution reflects functional trait allocation and ecological strategies of biofilms to be able to thrive in fluctuating environments. These findings suggest that alternative trade-offs dominating over rate-yield trade-offs contribute to the evolutionary success of stream biofilms.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of nucleotide excision repair pathway are significantly associated with outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer
Authors: Song Xiao , Wang Shiming , Hong Xuan , Li Xiaoying , Zhao Xueying , Huai Cong , Chen Hongyan , Gao Zhiqiang , Qian Ji , Wang Jiucun , Han Baohui , Bai Chunxue , Li Qiang , Wu Junjie , Lu Daru
Published: September 2017

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway plays critical roles in repairing DNA disorders caused by platinum. To comprehensively understand the association between variants of NER and clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy, 173 SNPs in 27 genes were selected to evaluate association with toxicities and efficiency in 1004 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The results showed that consecutive significant signals were observed inXPA, RPA1, POLD1, POLD3. Further subgroup analysis showed thatGTF2H4presented consecutive significant signals in clinical benefit among adenocarcimoma. In squamous cell carcinoma, rs4150558, rs2290280, rs8067195 were significantly associated with anemia, rs3786136 was significantly related to thrombocytopenia,ERCC5presented consecutive significant signals in response rate. In patients receiving TP regimen, significant association presented in neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity. Association with anemia and neutropenia were found in GP regimen. rs4150558 showed significant association with anemia in NP regimen. In patients > 58,ERCC5showed consecutive significant signals in gastrointestinal toxicity. Survival analysis showed SNPs inPOLD2,XPA,ERCC6andPOLEwere significantly associated with progression free survival, SNPs inGTF2H4,ERCC6,GTF2HA,MAT1,POLD1were significantly associated with overall survival. This study suggests SNPs in NER pathway could be potential predictors for clinical outcomes of platinum-based chemotherapy among NSCLC.
Coupling and dynamics of cortical and autonomic signals are linked to central inhibition during the wake-sleep transition
Authors: Ulke Christine , Huang Jue , Schwabedal Justus T. C. , Surova Galina , Mergl Roland , Hensch Tilman
Published: September 2017

Maintaining temporal coordination across physiological systems is crucial at the wake-sleep transition. As shown in recent studies, the degree of coordination between brain and autonomic arousal influences attention, which highlights a previously unrecognised point of potential failure in the attention system. To investigate how cortical and autonomic dynamics are linked to the attentive process we analysed electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram and skin conductance data of 39 healthy adults recorded during a 2-h resting-state oddball experiment. We related cross-correlations to fluctuation periods of cortical and autonomic signals and correlated obtained measures to event-related potentials N1 and P2, reflecting excitatory and inhibitory processes. Increasing alignment of cortical and autonomic signals and longer periods of vigilance fluctuations corresponded to a larger and earlier P2; no such relations were found for N1. We compared two groups, with (I) and without measurable (II) delay in cortico-autonomic correlations. Individuals in Group II had more stable vigilance fluctuations, larger and earlier P2 and fell asleep more frequently than individuals in Group I. Our results support the hypothesis of a link between cortico-autonomic coupling and dynamics and central inhibition. Quantifying this link could help refine classification in psychiatric disorders with attention and sleep-related symptoms, particularly in ADHD, depression, and insomnia.
Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) Increase Bifidobacterium but Reduce Butyrate Producing Bacteria with Adverse Glycemic Metabolism in healthy young population
Authors: Liu Feitong , Li Pan , Chen Muxuan , Luo Yuemei , Prabhakar M , Zheng Huimin , He Yan , Qi Qi , Long Haoyu , Zhang Yi , Sheng Huafang , Zhou Hongwei
Published: September 2017

The gut microbiota has been implicated in glucose intolerance and its progression towards type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Relevant randomized clinical trial with prebiotic intervention was inadequate. We sought to evaluate the impact of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on glycemia during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intestinal microbiota. A randomized double-blind cross-over study was performed with 35 adults treated with FOS and GOS for 14 days (16 g/day). Faeces sampling, OGTT and anthropometric parameters were performed. Short-term intake of high-dose prebiotics had adverse effect on glucose metabolism, as in FOS intervention demonstrated by OGTT (P < 0.001), and in GOS intervention demonstrated by fasting glucose (P < 0.05). A significant increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed both in FOS and GOS group, while the butyrate-producing bacteria like Phascolarctobacterium in FOS group and Ruminococcus in GOS group were decreased. A random forest model using the initial microbiota was developed to predict OGTT levels after prebiotic intervention with relative success (R = 0.726). Our study alerted even though FOS and GOS increased Bifidobacterium, they might have adverse effect on glucose metabolism by reducing butyrate-producing microbes. Individualized prebiotics intervention based on gut microbiome needs to be evaluated in future.
Genome-wide Association Analysis of Powdery Mildew Resistance in U.S. Winter Wheat
Authors: Liu Na , Bai Guihua , Lin Meng , Xu Xiangyang , Zheng Wenming
Published: September 2017

Wheat powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major fungal disease of wheat worldwide. It can cause considerable yield losses when epidemics occur. Use of genetic resistance is the most effective approach to control the disease. To determine the genomic regions responsible for PM resistance in a set of U.S. winter wheat and identify DNA markers in these regions, we conducted a genome-wide association study on a set of 185 U.S. winter wheat accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 90 K wheat SNP arrays. We identified significant SNP markers linked to nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers linked to three QTLs for PM resistance. Most of the QTLs in the US winter wheat population have been reported previously, but some such as these on chromosomes 1A, 6A and 1B have not been reported previously, and are likely new QTLs for PM resistance in U.S. winter wheat. The germplasm with immunity to PM are good sources of resistance for PM resistance breeding and the markers closely linked to the QTLs can be used in marker-assisted selection to improve wheat PM resistance after further validation.
Linoleic and palmitoleic acid block streptokinase-mediated plasminogen activation and reduce severity of invasive group A streptococcal infection
Authors: Rox Katharina , Jansen Rolf , Loof Torsten G. , Gillen Christine M. , Bernecker Steffen , Walker Mark J. , Chhatwal Gursharan Singh , Müller Rolf
Published: September 2017

In contrast to mild infections of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) invasive infections of GAS still pose a serious health hazard: GAS disseminates from sterile sites into the blood stream or deep tissues and causes sepsis or necrotizing fasciitis. In this case antibiotics do not provide an effective cure as the bacteria are capable to hide from them very quickly. Therefore, new remedies are urgently needed. Starting from a myxobacterial natural products screening campaign, we identified two fatty acids isolated from myxobacteria, linoleic and palmitoleic acid, specifically blocking streptokinase-mediated activation of plasminogen and thereby preventing streptococci from hijacking the host’s plasminogen/plasmin system. This activity is not inherited by other fatty acids such as oleic acid and is not attributable to the killing of streptococci. Moreover, both fatty acids are superior in their inhibitory properties compared to two clinically used drugs (tranexamic or ε-amino caproic acid) as they show 500–1000 fold lower IC50 values. Using a humanized plasminogen mouse model mimicking the clinical situation of a local GAS infection that becomes systemic, we demonstrate that these fatty acids ameliorate invasive GAS infection significantly. Consequently, linoleic and palmitoleic acid are possible new options to combat GAS invasive diseases.