bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Size of $(K_t,\mathcal{T}_k)$-Co-Critical Graphs
Authors: Song Zi-Xia , Zhang Jingmei
Published: January 2021

Given an integer $r\geqslant 1$ and graphs $G, H_1, \ldots, H_r$, we write $G \rightarrow ({H}_1, \ldots, {H}_r)$ if every $r$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H_i$ in color $i$ for some $i\in\{1, \ldots, r\}$. A non-complete graph $G$ is $(H_1, \ldots, H_r)$-co-critical if $G \nrightarrow ({H}_1, \ldots, {H}_r)$, but $G+e\rightarrow ({H}_1, \ldots, {H}_r)$ for every edge $e$ in $\overline{G}$. In this paper, motivated by Hanson and Toft's conjecture [Edge-colored saturated graphs, J Graph Theory 11(1987), 191–196], we study the minimum number of edges over all $(K_t, \mathcal{T}_k)$-co-critical graphs on $n$ vertices, where $\mathcal{T}_k$ denotes the family of all trees on $k$ vertices. Following Day [Saturated graphs of prescribed minimum degree, Combin. Probab. Comput. 26 (2017), 201–207], we apply graph bootstrap percolation on a not necessarily $K_t$-saturated graph to prove that for all $t\geqslant4 $ and $k\geqslant\max\{6, t\}$, there exists a constant $c(t, k)$ such that, for all $n \ge (t-1)(k-1)+1$, if $G$ is a $(K_t, \mathcal{T}_k)$-co-critical graph on $n$ vertices, then $$ e(G)\geqslant \left(\frac{4t-9}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\left\lceil \frac{k}{2} \right\rceil\right)n-c(t, k).$$ Furthermore, this linear bound is asymptotically best possible when $t\in\{4,5\}$ and $k\geqslant6$. The method we develop in this paper may shed some light on attacking Hanson and Toft's conjecture.
Extremal Trees with Fixed Degree Sequence
Authors: Andriantiana Eric O. D. , Razanajatovo Misanantenaina Valisoa , Wagner Stephan
Published: January 2021

The greedy tree $\mathcal{G}(D)$ and the $\mathcal{M}$-tree $\mathcal{M}(D)$ are known to be extremal among trees with degree sequence $D$ with respect to various graph invariants. This paper provides a general theorem that covers a large family of invariants for which $\mathcal{G}(D)$ or $\mathcal{M}(D)$ is extremal. Many known results, for example on the Wiener index, the number of subtrees, the number of independent subsets and the number of matchings follow as corollaries, as do some new results on invariants such as the number of rooted spanning forests, the incidence energy and the solvability. We also extend our results on trees with fixed degree sequence $D$ to the set of trees whose degree sequence is majorised by a given sequence $D$, which also has a number of applications.
What's on Tap? Comparison of Beer Served In London and Philadelphia
Authors: Feeney Alison E. , Garrett Jonny
Published: January 2021

This study provided empirical evidence to the cultural similarities and differences between craft beer served in London, UK and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (US). The tourism industry has seen an enormous growth in travelers spending recreational time visiting breweries to learn about
the history, the location, the process, and the ingredients that go into their drinks. Craft beer styles have emerged because of local water, history, technology, and culture. People sample local beers as an important aspect of their travels. This study recorded the number of tap lines, the
style of beer, and the alcohol and bitterness measurements for every establishment within 3 miles of each city's center. Overall, every style of beer was lower in alcohol and less bitter in London than in Philadelphia with the exception of pale ales and lagers. Both locations had over 50 different
beer styles available to customers but most commonly served the same beer styles, with IPA being the most prevalent. London served more pale ales and Philadelphia served more lagers, suggesting that despite the modern resurgence of craft beer, historical cultural traditions still influence
customer preferences.
Decompensated Acute Heart Failure Accompanied with Cardiac Cirrhosis and Chronic Disease Anemia in Child
Authors: Darmasaputra Tommy
Published: January 2021

Continuous heart failure can lead to complications to other systems, one of which is the hepatic system. Heart failure results in venous congestion in the portal vein so that the portal vein pressure increases, which is called portal hypertension. Portal hypertension causes fluid to pass through the walls of blood vessels and into the tissues. Management of decompensatory heart failure accompanied by comorbi d disease in cardiac cirrhosis includes drugs management that does not aggravate the liver, namely angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and loop diuretic agents. Also, non-pharmacological management such as resting position and a diet sufficient in protein and low salt help improve the patient's general condition. This case report aims to present a de compensated heart failure accompanied by cardiac cirrhosis and anaemia of chronic disease in a child.
Assesment of Antioxidant Activity Test of Kersen Leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) and Epiphyte with DPPH (2.2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhidrazyl)
Authors: Nurlutfiyyah Aini  , Parisa Nita , Fatmawati
Published: January 2021

Antioxidant is very important to give protection against free radical activity and highlyreactive molecules that could lead in slowing the progre ssion of de ge nerative disease.In case of de ge nerative disease, internal antioxidant cannot neutralize the increasingconcentration of free radical. Because of that, human needs external antioxidant.Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that is known for its antioxidant content.Plants containing antioxidant experience is kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Researchstudy to determine the antioxidant activity of Kersen plant and knows the differenceof antioxidant activity, based on the process of extract and infusion. Research wasdone by experimental study which was oriented in testing antioxidant activity in(Morinda citrifolia L.) extract and infusion. Extraction was done by using 96% ethanolas solvent, meanwhile infusion was made by using aquadest. Extract and infusionwas divided into group of concentration and antioxidant activity was tested byDPPH(2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhidrazyl) method by measuring the absorbance usingspectrophotometer at 520 nm wavelength. Percentage of DPPH inhibition and IC50then analyze d using linear re gre ssion analysis. Ethanolic extract of kersen leaf andepiphyte had IC50 value of 113,801 ppm and 98,7802 ppm, respectively. Kersen leafinfusion showed 191,7624 ppm IC50 values, besides its epiphyte had 131,6750 ppm .Antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura L. in the order from kersen leaf anepiphyte , and epiphyte extract has a highe r antioxidant content than others.
Tourism as an Aspect of City Branding in Functional Urban Areas
Authors: Glińska Ewa , Matwiejczyk Anna , Barkun Yauheniya
Published: January 2021

Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) are among the main actors of local development planning in the current perspective of the European Union. One of significant challenges in the management of such areas is the creation of an image or building of a city brand covering several neighboring municipalities. Among other things, tourist attractions can be used as important factors in defining metropolitan identity. The aim of the paper is to identify categories of tourist attractions that are used in the process of communicating FUAs’ brands. The paper is focused on branding activities related to the tourism of selected FUAs in Poland. The research method involved a content analysis of documents entitled Strategies of Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) developed for Polish FUAs. Research results show that branding activities of FUAs aimed at developing their tourism function are more material- than immaterial-oriented and concern only those issues that are dependent on local government authorities and not tourism companies. The paper contributes to the development of the city branding theory focusing on the issue of developing a tourist brand for FUAs. The key limitations of the paper are as follows: it is based on the analysis just one type of documents – ITI Strategies of Polish FUAs – and the specificity of content analysis as a research method.
Kristinuskoon kääntymisen arviointiperiaatteet Suomen maahanmuuttoviraston (Migri) linjauksissa vuosina 2015–19
Authors: Karttunen Tomi
Published: January 2021

Kysymys siitä, miten tullaan kristityksi,  on noussut esille ajankohtaisena yhteiskunnallisesti merkityksellisenä asiana esimerkiksi käsiteltäessä kristityksi kääntyneiden turvapaikanhakijoiden tilannetta. Kaste ja ulkomaalaisen suojelu juridisena velvoitteena eivät lähtökohtaisesti liity yhteen, mutta koska uskonto ja kristityksi kääntyminen voivat olla peruste vainolle ja siten suojelun tarpeelle, näitä kahta on syytä käsitellä myös yhdessä. Lisäksi uskonnon perusteella myönnettävissä turvapaikkapäätöksissä on Suomessa ollut selvä alaspäin suuntautuva trendi. Tämä on aiheuttanut huolta oikeusvarmuuden toteutumisesta.

Analysoin tässä artikkelissa, mistä lähtökohdista Suomen maahanmuuttoviraston (Migri) yleisissä linjauksissa on tarkasteltu kristityksi kääntymisen arvioinnin periaatteita ja käytäntöjä etenkin vuosina 2015–2019. Koska Migri vuosina 2017 ja 2019 asiasta antamissaan julkisissa tiedotteissa vetoaa näkyvästi ja olennaisesti YK:n pakolaisjärjestön (UNHCR) vuonna 2004 asiasta antamaan ohjeistukseen, käytän UNHCR:n hyväksymiä suuntaviivoja apuvälineenä Migrin julki lausumien arviointiperiaatteiden tulkinnassa ja arvioinnissa. Lopuksi pohdin, mitä tästä aiheesta olisi etenkin kristillisten kirkkojen näkökulmasta ajateltava ja mihin suuntaan Migrin ja kirkkojen toimintaa olisi mahdollisesti kehitettävä tämän perusteella. Analyysissa kävi ilmi, että tulisi tarkentaa "aidon kääntymisen" arviointia yhtäältä juridisesti, toisaalta teologisesti, kasteopetuksen käytäntöjä sekä tietämystä juridisista prosesseista.
From Democratic Socialism and Rational Planning to Postmodern Identity Politics and Market-Orientation
Authors: Outinen Sami
Published: January 2021

This article deconstructs the ideological development of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) and the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). The SDP and SAP favoured democratic rational regulation of the economy by the state and worker organisations to optimise societal production costs from the 1920s onwards. This was in line with their identity as democratic socialists. It did not mean only a reformist relationship to capitalism, but also adapting to Kautskyanism, Austro-Marxism, “functional socialism” and logical empiricism. These ideas were complemented with a positive attitude towards “mixed economy” and “markets” in the 1980s. The postmodern fragmentation of the labour movement’s identity was compatible with the rise in its faith in the market and the abandonment of Marxism by the SAP and the SDP by the end of the 20th century. This happened after they had failed to introduce a New International Economic Order based on Keynesian democratic economic regulation.
The ways to increase the profitability of transportation due to modernization
Authors: ANTYPENKO Nadiia , RYBAK Olena , PYROZHENKO Yuliia
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problems of Ukrainian aviation enterprises. The paper analyzes the state of the world air transportation market, determines the place of Ukraine on it. The trends in the aviation services market for the first quarter of 2017-2020 are revealed. The urgency and necessity of modernization of Ukrainian enterprises is due to a number of factors: significant structural and technological backwardness, a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets and a significant level of capital and material consumption of equipment; low standard of living and purchasing power of the population; unsatisfactory state of innovation system and market infrastructure.
The purpose of the paper is to increase the relative efficiency of the airline by bringing the active part of fixed assets in line with the new conditions and requirements.
Results. The fall of the passenger transportation market is determined. The increase in the cost of air cargo was tracked. When studying the current state and trends in the development of the industry, the post-COVID-19 factors were identified, which led to a change in the cost of freight transportation.
Conclusion. Taking into account the indicated tendencies and operating conditions in the world market and the Ukrainian air transportation market, an algorithm for modernization is proposed, within the framework of which the tactical goals of the aviation enterprise are indicated, the result of the implementation of which should be an increase in the profitability of freight traffic. The results of the work of theoretical and practical aspects of modernization of air cargo in Ukraine gave grounds to draw the following conclusions: modernization of Ukrainian airlines should be carried out at the micro level in order to increase the profitability of operating activities; the level of profitability of the airline can be influenced by both internal and external factors; the change in the coefficient depends on the general economic situation of the country or the world, the level of inflation, the devaluation of the national currency, organizational and technical problems in production, the volume of services sold, etc.
Organizational support of the competitiveness management of the enterprise in the conditions of entering foreign markets
Authors: KOVTUNENKO Kseniia , KOVALVHUK Oleksandra , ZHYVODER Dmytro
Published: January 2021

At the present stage of development of the Ukrainian economic system, the concept of «competitiveness» and its effective organizational support is becoming increasingly important. The problem of competitiveness management is recognized as one of the most important in the theory and practice of economics. It is important for Ukrainian enterprises operating in a transitive economy, whose competitive position in today's world markets remains insufficiently high.
A significant number of scientists agree that in the context of rapid globalization and an informatized society, it is impossible to achieve the projected level of economic development due to traditional intensive and extensive factors of production. For companies operating internationally or seeking to develop their own foreign economic activity and face international competition, it is important not only to offer certain goods and services to the market, but to achieve sustainable competitive advantages in the global economic space. A significant place in the process of increasing the competitiveness of modern ukrainian enterprises is occupied by the organizational support of competitiveness management.
In the course of this study, the problem of managing the competitiveness of modern ukrainian enterprises was considered, as well as the organizational and economic model of managing the competitiveness of the enterprise in terms of entering foreign markets was proposed.
The results of the study are of practical importance for the enterprise of non-specialized wholesale trade LLC EL-ITEX, as proposed in the article organizational and economic model will create a kind of «foundation» for effective management of the competitiveness of the enterprise in terms of entering new markets.
Trend analysis of the sensitivity of international business in the field of information technologies to global limitations
Authors: KRAVCHENKO Oksana , SAPOZHNIKOVA Yelyzaveta
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the trends of international business in the field of information technology in the context of global constraints associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. In terms of global restrictions, the role of information technology development in the resilience of companies to changes in the external environment and ensuring the possibility of business survival is particularly acute. Analytical IT forecasts need to be considered to be ready for change. It was found that despite the appearance of growth in the field of information technology, due to the pandemic, and the transition of a many number of operations online, in general, there is a reduction. These trends are due to the fact that in the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, most companies and individuals will delay the modernization of hardware and software, trying to use what already exists. However, a more detailed analysis shows the heterogeneity in the change in demand for certain types of information technology services. Thus, there is an increase in such information technology services as public cloud services and video conferencing, and the presence of deferred demand in declining areas. At the same time, it can be argued that in the long run we can expect a resumption of rapid growth in demand for most information technology services, the consumption of which has been postponed. Today, software vendors help companies of all sizes and industries survive, grow and grow. We looked at the ten most profitable IT companies in the world in 2020. All of them have the highest revenue as of November 18, 2020. The ranking includes mainly US companies, countries with developed post-industrial economies. Almost 80 % of US GDP is accounted for by services, which has made them a world leader in this segment. Material production accounts for only 20 % of GDP, including all industries, agriculture and forestry, construction. Focus on scientific and technological progress is one of the hallmarks of an effective economic system. Given the current trends in the development of IT technologies, we can say that they are the driving force of global transformation and economic growth of the world, as well as increase the competitive advantage of any economic entity.
THE EFFECT OF AFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT TOWARDS INNOVATION CAPABILITY AND ITS IMPACT TO JOB PERFORMANCE IN FAMILY BUSINESS
Authors: Wibowo Yohana Cahya , Christiani Natalia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out about the effect of affective organizational commitment towards innovation capability and its impact to job performance in family business. Methodology – the original data was taken through an online questionnaire with 100 respondents who are members of Family Business Community in Universitas Ciputra along with the non-members. The SmartPLS 3.0 Statistics Program was used to test the proposed model. Findings– Result shows that affective organizational commitment significantly affects innovation capability and job performance and innovation capability significantly affects job performance.
KEUANGAN PUBLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Arfah Tina arfah
Published: January 2021

Di negara yang berbasis kapitalisme kita akan menemukan banyak masalah dalam perekonomian negara tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan pengelolaan keuangan negara baik dari segi pendapatan maupun belanja negara belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan masyarakat, masih banyak unsur penipuan, korupsi, dll. Pengelolaan keuangan seperti ini akan mengakibatkan krisis ekonomi dan menimbulkan kesengsaraan bagi masyarakat. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut pemerintah harus menggunakan suatu konsep ekonomi yang dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Konsep yang dapat diterapkan oleh pemerintah adalah keuangan negara dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Konsep ekonomi Islam terbukti mampu meningkatkan keadilan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Analog Signal and Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunication System
Authors: Hung Phong , Vuong Vu Duc
Published: January 2021

The term digital signal is a term from a technology that converts an analog signal into digital data so that the signal can be processed more easily and quickly. The term digital itself is a system that only recognizes two conditions. The two conditions are usually represented by the numbers zero and one, on and off, or others. The smallest unit of digital signal is the bit.
A terror gyakorlatának konstans és mobil elemei az elmúlt fél évszázad tükrében
Authors: Sárkány István
Published: January 2021

The author provides an overview of how terrorism has and has not changed in the past years.
A Rapid Switch to Remote E-Learning in the COVID Era
Authors: Gaines Kenneth W.
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses in a very readable and down-to-earth fashion the struggles and victories that a college professor encountered as he switched from live instruction to remote e-learning in a heartbeat. The chapter also includes 2-3 paragraph unedited impressions and reflections by first generation and international undergraduate students as to their feelings about the switch to remote e-learning. For most of them this was the first time they experienced either synchronous or asynchronous e-learning.
Online Fundraising During a Pandemic
Authors: Gaines Marissa
Published: January 2021

With social distancing guidelines in place, fundraising events have been cancelled or moved online. Once upon a time people would come together in large groups to connect, to support each other, and to make new friends, but unfortunately, COVID-19 has changed the way groups can congregate. In turn, online events and fundraising provides a necessary way to bridge the gap while large in-person events are prohibited in most states. To explore the new role online fundraising will play, the author will look to the benefits of online fundraising, along with the downsides before finally examining best practices to keep in mind when online fundraising.
Compaction and Heat Treatment Effects on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Fe3C-W-Co Alloys
Authors: Boukhobza Abdelyamine , Fedaoui Kamel , Mebarki Lahcene , Arar Karim , Baroura Lazhar
Published: January 2021

In this article, the 75Fe3C-20W-5Co alloy is developed by the powder metallurgy technique in order to study the microstructure and the mechanical properties obtained after solid phase sintering. The mechanical grinding of the mixture of these Fe3C-W-Co powders lasted 6 hours.The powders were compressed by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) at different compaction pressures (5MPa, 10MPa, 15MPa and 18MPa). The green compacts obtained were sintered at a temperature equal to 1350 °C, followed by a heat treatment at different temperatures (850 °C, 950 °C and 1100 °C). The samples were then cooled in different baths (oil and water). The characterization of this sintered steel alloy was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and with an optical microscope. The results reveal that the structure of these sintered alloys consisted of the Fe matrix phase and the W-Co solid solution phase. The compaction pressure influences the number and size of the pores. Hardness and wear resistance increase with increasing compaction pressure.
Pinch Technology Approach to Freshwater and Wastewater Minimisation in Brewing Operations
Authors: Odejobi Oludare Johnson , Oyeleke Emmanuel Oluwasanmi , Alaba Akeredolu Funso
Published: January 2021

The rise in the cost of production of beer due to increasing demand for freshwater and high cost of treating wastewater, motivate research interests in resource management in beer production. This study determines and reduces the concentration of the contaminants in the wastewater samples collected from a brewery in Nigeria, to reduce freshwater demand and to save the cost of operation through wastewater reuse using pinch technology. The wastewater samples were analysed for the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand using standard procedures. The Total Dissolved Solids were measured using pH-EC-TDS metre. Water Cascade Analysis was used to evaluate the minimum freshwater demand and wastewater generated to design the maximum wastewater recovery network for minimum freshwater demand in the process. The results showed that for 41.54 t/hr of both the freshwater and wastewater used in the brewery operations, the Chemical Oxygen Demand concentration ranged between 0 – 74,775 ppm and the Total Dissolved Solids concentration ranged from 0 – 2,008 ppm. However, with the application of Water Cascade Analysis, the freshwater and wastewater flow rates reduced to 19.88 t/hr based on Chemical Oxygen Demand concentration and 21.54 t/hr based on Total Dissolved Solids concentration. The freshwater saving per annum based on the concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Dissolved Solids were ₦346,560,000:00 ($962,666.67) and ₦319,840,000:00 ($888,444.44), respectively. The study concluded that the application of Pinch Technology to brewery operation is viable because of its capacity to reduce freshwater demand and wastewater generation.
Total Sustainable Evaluation for Road Projects
Authors: Sayed Norhan , Hamid Mohamed Abdel , El-Dash Karim
Published: January 2021

Quality of Infrastructure became indispensable to the innovation-driven development. Poor infrastructure quality means more extra costs for operation and maintenance, in addition to un-studied impacts on the surrounding environment and society. To eliminate the bad impacts and the extra costs, sustainability must be applied in all infrastructure projects. Sustainability represents one of the latest degree subjects that have various trials to connect the social science with the engineering and the environmental science with the future technology. The objective of this research is to provide an integrated sustainable evaluation system (ISES) for quantifying all impacts of road projects. The proposed evaluation system took into consideration the different phases of project including construction phase and operational phase. The different impacts of road projects were divided into three main classifications; the project economic costs to include costs of project construction and operation; the environmental impacts; and the social impacts. Furthermore, a real case study was discussed to validate the research methodology, where it was concluded that the environmental and social impacts have the main impact on project decision and according to the ISES value, the case study road has a sustainable impact on the surrounding environment and society.
Atomistic Simulation Study of Mechanical Deformation of Al-Mg-Si Alloys
Authors: Chabba Hanae , Dafir Driss
Published: January 2021

Aluminum alloys have been attracting significant attention. Especially Al-Mg-Si alloys can exhibit an excellent balance between strength and ductility. Deformation mechanisms and microstructural evolution are still challenging issues. Accordingly, to describe how the type of phase influence mechanical behaviour of Al/Mg/Si alloys, in this paper atomic simulations are performed to investigate the uniaxial compressive behaviour of Al-Mg-Si ternary phases. The compression is at the same strain rate (3.1010 s−1); using Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) potential to model the deformation behaviour. From these simulations, we get the total radial distribution function; the stress-strain responses to describe the elastic and plastic behaviors of GP-AlMg4Si6, U2-Al4Mg4Si4 and β-Al3Mg2Si6 phases. For a Detailed description of which phase influence hardness and ductility of these alloys; the mechanical properties are determined and presented. These stress-strain curves obtained show a rapid increase in stress up to a maximum followed by a gradual drop when the specimen fails by ductile fracture. From the results, it was found that GP-AlMg4Si6 & U2-Al4Mg4Si4 phases are brittle under uniaxial compressive loading while β-Al3Mg2Si6 phase is very ductile under the same compressive loading. The engineering stress-strain relationship suggests that β-Al3Mg2Si6 phase have high elasticity limit, ability to resist deformation and have the advantage of being highly malleable. Molecular dynamics software LAMMPS was used to simulate and build the Al-Mg-Si ternary system.
Application of Simulation Modelling for Waste Assessment: A Case Study of Bricklaying Process
Authors: Bajjou Mohamed Saad , Chafi Anas
Published: January 2021

Construction waste is a serious challenge that requires particular attention from construction managers to improve the performance of their projects and survive in a highly competitive market. Simulation modeling provides decision-makers with a controllable operating system and a more cost-effective environment which allows a better understanding of construction processes deficiencies. The current paper aims to assess waste in a bricklaying process using ARENA. Data used for simulation modelling were collected through field observations and video recording techniques. Using EasyFit, goodness-of-fit tests were performed to identify the best probabilistic density functions for each construction operation in the studied process. Simulation outputs show that non-value-added (NVA) activities dominate the bricklaying process with 85.2 % of the total cycle time. These results indicate a strong potential for optimizing the process under study by reducing these sources of waste especially regarding waiting time that holds the highest share of waste with 72.5 %.
Entropy Analysis of the Nonlinear Convective Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid over an Inclined Sheet with Variable Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Gbadeyan Jacob Abiodun , Akinremi Joseph O.
Published: January 2021

A steady two-dimensional nonlinear convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, and non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions and entropy generation is studied under the influence of transverse magnetic field, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are temperature dependent functions. The governing continuity, momentum and energy equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity variables. The resulting coupled ODEs and the corresponding boundary conditions, are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta fourth order method and shooting technique. The velocity, entropy generation rate, temperature and Bejan distributions are presented graphically and discussed. The numerical values of the skin-friction and Nusselt number are obtained and also discussed for various thermophysical parameters through a Table. Furthermore, a comparison with earlier work done with limiting case was carried out and found to be in excellent agreement.
STAT4 Is Largely Dispensable for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–like Autoimmune- and Foreign Antigen–Driven Antibody-Forming Cell, Germinal Center, and Follicular Th Cell Responses
Authors: Fike Adam J , Chodisetti Sathi Babu , Bricker Kristen N , Choi Nicholas M , Chroneos Zissis C , Kaplan Mark H , Rahman Ziaur S M
Published: January 2021

Genome-wide association studies identified variants in the transcription factor STAT4 gene and several other genes in the STAT4 signaling pathway, such as IL12A, IL12B, JAK2, and TYK2, which are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Consistent with the genome-wide association studies data, STAT4 was shown to play an important role in autoimmune responses and autoimmunity development in SLE mouse models. Despite such important role for STAT4 in SLE development in mice and humans, little is known whether and how STAT4 may regulate extrafollicular Ab-forming cell (AFC) and follicular germinal center (GC) responses, two major pathways of autoreactive B cell development and autoantibody production. To our surprise, we found STAT4 to be largely dispensable for promoting autoimmune AFC and GC responses in various autoimmune- and SLE-prone mouse models, which strongly correlated with autoantibody production, and immune complex deposition and immune cell infiltration in the kidney. We further observed that STAT4 deficiency had no effects on AFC, GC, and Ag-specific Ab responses during protein Ag immunization or influenza virus infection. Additionally, CD4+ effector and follicular Th cell responses in autoimmune- and SLE-prone mice and protein Ag–immunized and influenza virus–infected mice were intact in the absence of STAT4. Together, our data demonstrate a largely dispensable role for STAT4 in AFC, GC, and Ab responses in SLE mouse models and in certain foreign Ag–driven responses.
Thermal Management in High-Density High-Power Electronics Modules Using Thermal Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Paul Riya , Deshpande Amol , Luo Fang , Fan Wei
Published: January 2021

Tremendous effort is going on towards the packaging of power electronics modules to reduce the parasitic impedances and in turn, the voltage spikes during switching transients of power devices. The heat dissipated in terms of switching losses for high frequency applications need to be eliminated further to have some flexibility regarding the layout and, for the safe functioning of a power module by reducing junction temperature. Thermal pyrolytic graphite (TPG), with its high basal-plane thermal conductivity along the vertical direction helps direct heat towards the module bottom (cooling system), whereas its extremely low through-plane thermal conductivity along the horizontal direction guarantees minimum heat coupling among devices placed on the substrate surface. FEA simulations to verify thermal benefits of TPG and experimental results have been shown in this work which validates the junction temperature drop of up to 17 °C when using TPG as substrate and heat spreader compared with traditional materials.
High Heat Resistant Peelable Temporary Bonding Film and New Debonding System with Xe Flash Light Irradiation
Authors: Akasu Yuta , Miyazawa Emi , Enomoto Tetsuya , Oyama Yasuyuki , Sobue Shogo , Furutani Ryoji , Nakamura Yuki , Kawamori Takashi
Published: January 2021

We have developed a new temporary bonding film (TBF) and new debonding system with Xe flash light irradiation, named photonic release system, for advanced package assembly process. Since new TBF has a high Tg over 200 °C after curing and shows good chemical resistance to developer, resist stripper, and plating chemicals, no delamination, voiding, and swelling were observed after thermal and chemical treatment in the bonded structure of wafer and glass carrier. In addition, by adopting a metal-sputtered glass carrier, wafer could be debonded by Xe flash light irradiation in less than 1 ms through the glass carrier with no damage. Residual TBF on the wafer surface could be peeled off smoothly at ambient temperature without residue on the wafer. In this research, we also demonstrated the good applicability of this temporary bonding film to the typical packaging process by using test vehicle including 12 inch mold wafer and the advantage of photonic release system.
Level of Organochlorine Pesticide in Prediabetic and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Varying Degree of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance among North Indian Population
Authors: Tyagi Shipra , Mishra Brijesh Kumar , Sharma Tusha , Tawar Neha , Urfi Abdul Jamil , Banerjee Basu Dev , Madhu Sri Venkata
Published: January 2021

Background: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure may induce an endocrine disruption which may lead to the risk of developing diabetes through alteration and disturbance of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and destruction of β-cells. The present study determines the recent trend of OCPs residue in blood samples and their association with the known risk factors responsible for developing the risk of diabetes among the North Indian population.Methods: Blood sample of 300 patients (100 each of normal glucose tolerance [NGT], prediabetes and newly detected diabetes mellitus [DM]) between the age group of 30 to 70 years were collected. OCPs residue in whole blood samples was analyzed by using gas chromatography equipped with a 63Ni selective electron capture detector.Results: Significantly higher levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), dieldrin, and p,p’-dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) were found in the prediabetes and newly detected DM groups as compared to NGT group. Insulin resistance showed to be significantly positive correlation with β-HCH and dieldrin. Also, fasting and postprandial glucose levels were significantly positively correlated with levels of β-HCH, dieldrin, and p,p’-DDE. Further, when OCPs level was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), it was found that β-HCH, dieldrin, and p,p’-DDE levels in blood increases the risk of diabetes by 2.70, 2.83, and 2.55 times respectively. Moreover, when we adjust OCPs level based on BMI categories (BMI <23, ≥23, and ≤25, and >25 kg/m2); β-HCH and p,p’-DDE showed a significant risk of developing newly detected DM with BMI >25 and ≥23 and ≤25 kg/m2.Conclusion: The OCPs level present in the environment may be responsible for biological, metabolic, and endocrine disruptions within the human body which may increase the risk of developing newly detected DM. Hence, OCPs exposure can play a crucial role in the etiology of diabetes.
The Saudi Initiative for Asthma - 2021 Update
Authors: Al-Moamary Mohamed S. , Alhaider Sami A. , Alangari Abdullah A. , Idrees Majdy M. , Zeitouni Mohammed O. , Al Ghobain Mohammed O. , Alanazi Abdullah F. , Al-Harbi Adel S. , Yousef Abdullah A. , Alorainy Hassan S. , Al-Hajjaj Mohamed S.
Published: January 2021

The Saudi Initiative for Asthma 2021 (SINA-2021) is the fifth version of asthma guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma for adults and children, which is developed by the SINA group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up to date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is aligned for age groups: adults, adolescents, children aged 5–12 years, and children aged less than 5 years. SINA guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting better understanding of disease heterogeneity with the integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and the role of immunotherapy in management. Medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and the current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient–doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.
Case Report: Iliopsoas Hematoma during the Clinical Course of Severe COVID-19 in Two Male Patients
Authors: Nakamura Hideta , Ouchi Gen , Miyagi Kazuya , Higure Yuuri , Otsuki Mariko , Nishiyama Naoya , Kinjo Takeshi , Nakamatsu Masashi , Tateyama Masao , Kukita Ichiro , Fujita Jiro
Published: January 2021

Anticoagulation plays a major role in reducing the risk of systematic thrombosis in patients with severe COVID-19. Serious hemorrhagic complications, such as intracranial hemorrhage, have also been recognized. However, intra-abdominal hemorrhage is under-recognized because of its rare occurrence, despite high mortality. Here, we discuss two cases of spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma (IPH) likely caused by anticoagulants during the clinical course of COVID-19. We also explored published case reports to identify clinical characteristics of IPH in COVID-19 patients. The use of anticoagulants may increase the risk of lethal IPH among COVID-19 patients becsuse of scarce data on optimal dosage and adequate monitoring of anticoagulant effects. Rapid diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial to ensure good patient outcomes.
ESTRÉS LABORAL EN DOCENTES DE EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA POR EL CAMBIO DE MODALIDAD DE ESTUDIO PRESENCIAL A VIRTUAL
Authors: Párraga-Párraga Kléber Leonardo , Escobar-Delgado Gustavo Rafael
Published: January 2021

La emergencia sanitaria planetaria, causada por la pandemia del Covid-19, ha llevado a todos los gobiernos a cuestionarse si realmente están preparados para una perentoriedad de tal magnitud. Una de las tantas áreas afectadas es la educación. Específicamente en Ecuador, el cambio de modalidad de clases resultó un apremiante reto para todos los actores directos e indirectos, especialmente alumnos y docentes. El nuevo desempeño laboral, caracterizado por el cambio de modalidad de clases lleva a determinar el desgaste tanto físico como mental de los docentes. Por ello, es necesario responder las siguientes cuestiones: ¿Existe consecuencias en la salud mental de los trabajadores? ¿Cómo evitar fuertes impactos emocionales? ¿El cambio de modalidad de clases aumenta la probabilidad de sufrir estrés laboral en los docentes? Para responder estas cuestiones se llevó a cabo un estudio de carácter cuantitativo con perspectiva correlacional. La investigación tomó una muestra de 20 docentes de educación general básica de cuatro entidades educativas de la parroquia Abdón Calderón del cantón Portoviejo. Se aplicaron dos baterías de test: El cuestionario de problemas psicosomáticos de Hock y la escala de satisfacción laboral de Warr. Se evidenció que el 90% de la muestra seleccionada padece de estrés laboral en diferentes niveles. Además, se consideraron variables de evaluación como edad, sexo, estado civil y número de hijos, comprobándose que las mismas coadyuvan para la presencia del estrés en los docentes de educación general básica.

Palabras clave: estrés, docentes, educación, pandemia, Covid-19.
APLICACIÓN DE LA REGLA TÉCNICA NACIONAL EN LOS ARCHIVOS PÚBLICOS EN EL MTOP
Authors: Escobar-Hernández Mirka Daniela , Saltos-Catagua Lila María
Published: January 2021

La investigación determina la aplicación de la Regla Técnica Nacional en los archivos públicos en el Ministerio de Transporte y Obras Públicas zonal 4, Portoviejo, Manabí–Ecuador, la metodología utilizada en la investigación es realizada desde un enfoque cuanticualitativa, descriptiva, por ende, los métodos utilizados fueron deductivos y bibliográficos, para analizar la temática desde diferentes variables. Se aplicó una encuesta a 18 personas que laboran en diferentes áreas, y una ficha de observación cuya finalidad fue registrar datos del archivo central. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el archivo central emplea las normas que rigen la regla técnica reflejando así un buen desempeño de las funciones archivísticas. La regla técnica ayuda a complementar toda la información existente dentro del archivo central, favorece en la organización y el mantenimiento de la información archivística de forma exitosa y eficiente.

Palabras claves: Archivo central; archivos públicos; regla técnica; gestión documental.
Analitik Hiyerarşik Süreç ve CBS Teknikleri Kullanılarak Çorum Çayı Havzasında Toprak Erozyonu Riskinin Modellenmesi
Authors: DEMİRAĞ TURAN İnci , UZUN Ali
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden biri olan analitik hiyerarşik süreç (AHS) yardımıyla Çorum Çayı Havzası’nda toprak erozyonu duyarlılık sınıflarının belirlenmesi ve haritalanması amaçlanmıştır. Çorum Çayı Havzası Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölümü’nde yer almakta ve yaklaşık 1510 km2 yüzölçüme sahip bulunmaktadır. Toprak erozyonu duyarlılık sınıflarını belirlemek için erozyon oluşumunu etkileyen sekiz kriter (erodobilite, erozivite, eğim, arazi kullanımı, toprak derinliği, ana malzeme, bitki örtüsü kapalılığı ve fizyocoğrafik ana yer şekilleri) ve bu kriterlere ait alt kriterler belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterlere ait verilerin üretilmesinde, çalışma alanının 1:25.000 ölçekli sayısal topografya haritaları; erodobilite ve derinlik verileri için araziden alınan 282 toprak örneğinin laboratuvar analizleri ve hesaplamaları; arazi kullanımı ve bitki örtüsü kapalılığının belirlenmesi için de 26 Eylül 2015 tarihli Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin ve alt kriterlerin önceliklerinin belirlenmesinde AHS tekniği, 4 sınıftan oluşan erozyon duyarlılık sınıflarının belirlenmesinde ise lineer kombinasyon tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarana göre, havzanın % 18.7'sinde erozyon riski görülmezken, % 41.6'sında ise çok yüksek çıkmıştır. Erozyon riskinin yüksek olduğu kesimler kısmen ya da tamamen bitki örtüsünden yoksundur. Ayrıca kuru tarım yapılan yüksek eğimli yamaçlarda da erozyon riski çok yüksek çıkmıştır. Bu alanlarda ayrıntılı planlama çalışmaları yapılmalıdır.
Gebelerin Natal ve Postnatal Dönemlerdeki Endişe Düzeyleri ile Beden Kitle İndeksleri Arasında İlişki Var Mıdır?
Authors: ZENGİN Hamide , TİRYAKİ Öznur , YALNIZOĞLU ÇAKA Sinem , ÇINAR Nursan
Published: January 2021

Giriş: Gebelik psikolojik, biyolojik ve duygusal değişimlere neden olan, kadın yaşamının en önemli değişkenlerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Amaç: Bu çalışma, gebelik öncesi Beden Kitle İndeksi’nin (BKİ) gebelerin doğum ve doğum sonrası endişe düzeyini etkileme durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma 15 Nisan- 15 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğinde yürütüldü. Araştırmanın örneklemini dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü toplam 438 gebe oluşturdu. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan gebelerin tanıtıcı bilgilerini içeren 25 sorudan oluşan soru formu ile ‘Doğum ve Doğum Sonrası Döneme İlişkin Endişeler Ölçeği’ kullanılarak elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Verilerin analizinde, sayı, yüzde dağılımı, ortalama, standart sapma ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 438 gebenin yaş ortalaması 28.95 ± 5.39, gebelik öncesi BKİ ortalaması 24.07 ± 4.19 ve gebelik haftası ortalaması 31.59 ± 8.90 olarak belirlendi. Yapılan bu çalışmada gebelik öncesi BKİ ile ‘Doğum Sonrası Eşinden Destek Alamama Endişesi’ alt boyutu arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu ve BKİ arttıkça endişe düzeyinin azaldığı sonucu elde edildi (p < .05). Sonuç: Anne adaylarında gebelik öncesi BKİ’leri arttıkça Doğum ve Doğum Sonrası Döneme İlişkin Endişeler Ölçeği alt boyutlarından doğumdan sonra eşinden destek alamama endişesinin azaldığı saptandı. Ölçeğin diğer alt boyutları ile BKİ arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. Kilo alımındaki artışın gebelerde daha çok desteğe ihtiyaç duymasına neden olabileceği ve bu desteğin gebelik döneminden itibaren eşleri tarafından karşılanabilmesi nedeni ile doğum sonrası korkuyu azaltmış olabileceğini düşündürdü.
Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hastalarında Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: ÖZCAN Gizem , OZKARAMAN Ayse
Published: January 2021

Giriş: Sağlık okuryazarlığı, bireylerin sağlıkları ile ilgili bilgileri araştırıp bulması, öğrenmesi ve bu bilgiler doğrultusunda yaşamlarına yön vermesidir. Kronik hastalıklar arasında tip 2 diabetes mellitusun (T2DM) takip, tedavi ve bakım sürecinde sağlık okuryazarlığının önemi giderek artmaktadır. Amaç: Bu araştırma, T2DM hastalarında sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla planlandı. Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte tasarlanan araştırma 05.12.2018-21.06.2019 tarihleri arasında, 18 yaş ve üzeri, bilinci açık, en az bir yıldır T2DM hastası ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 700 hasta ile yürütüldü. Veriler Birey Tanıtım Formu ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Anketi-Avrupa Birliği (SOYA-AB-Q47) Ölçeği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 61.80 ± 10.49 yıl, %75.4’ü kadın, %74.3’ü evli, %71.4’ü ise ilkokul mezunudur. Hastaların %34.4’ünün T2DM tanı süresi 16 yıl ve üzerinde ve genel sağlık indeksi sağlık okuryazarlığı puan ortalaması 35.76 ± 7.20 ile yeterli düzeydedir. Yaş ile sağlık okuryazarlığı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanların, evli olanların, geliri giderinden fazla olanların, T2DM’ye eşlik eden başka kronik hastalığı bulunmayanların, T2DM hakkında sağlık çalışanlarından ya da farklı kaynaklardan eğitim alan hastaların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p < .05). Sonuç: Bu araştırmada T2DM olan hastalarda bazı sosyodemografik ve tıbbi özelliklerin sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyini anlamlı ölçüde etkilediği belirlendi.