bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Diffusion Pump Oil—Higher Monoalkyl-naphthalenes
Authors: Kuwata Tutomu , Tomiyama Sin-ichi , Takao Masayasu
Published: July 2006

Some monoalkyl-naphthalenes were prepared by the condensation of naphthalene and respective alcohols using activated Japanese acid clay as a condensing catalyst. The constitution of the alkyl-naphthalenes was assumed to be 2-naphthyl alkanes. The alkyl-naphthalenes were shown to be usable as good diffusion pump oil. The oils, were very resisting for oxidation.
Chemical Analysis by Means of Organic Compounds. XVI. Amperometric Titrations. III. Cuprimetric Titrations
Authors: Ishibashi Masayoshi , Fujinaga Taitiro
Published: July 2006

(1) Cuprimetric amperometry using cupric sulfate as a standard solution was introduced in the determination of copper, zinc and magnesium.

(2) Oxine, benzoinoxime or other organic reagents were used as intermediate reagent in this titration, so on the other hand, some organic substances would be determined by this method.

(3) The procedure is simple and sensible to 10−4 mol Cu per liter, if suitable measures are taken.
Studies on the Purities of Precipitate and Crystal. IV. The Investigation or Presumption of Solubility by Co-precipitation Phenomena
Authors: Ôsawa Toshiyuki
Published: July 2006

The solubility of zinc oxalate has been reported by Kunschert (7×10−5 mol/l. at 25°) or F. Kohlrausch (4.2×10−5 at 18°), but, from the viewpoint of the relations between solubility and co-precipitation phenomena, it would be greater than their values, perhaps about 1.1∼1.6×10−4 mol/1. at room temperature.

Measurements showed the solubility of zinc oxalate, of which composition was ZnC2O4·2H2O, to be 1.2×10−4 mol/l. at 20° ±0.05°. This is almost the same with the result obtained by Scholder, Gadene and Niemann (1.36×10−4 mol/l. as 18°) but further details are not clear.

By the relations between solubility and co-precipitation phenomena, a presumption or investigation of solubility may be possible; namely, it may be determined by the use of the transition point of adsorption and occlusion of foreign ions (about 2×10−4 mol/l. at 20°). Needless to say, the formation or treatment of precipitate should be done under the same condition. The study on a mechanism for the adsorption or Balarew’s occlusion phenomena is in progress.
Studies on Foams. IV. The Effect of Electrolyte on the Foam Formation of Congo Red Solution
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

The changes of foaming porwer of the solution of congo red by the addition of electrolytes have been estimated. There is a prominent maximum in the foam duration by the change of the concentration of electrolyte, while no such maximum is seen in the foaminess. The electrolyte concentrations, at which the foam strength becomes maximum, and the coagulation value changes in the same trend from an electrolyte to the other. This is accounted for the fact that the affinity of polar part of dye ion to solvent is weakened by the addition of electrolyte.
On the Viscosity of the Uranium Hexafluoride
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko
Published: July 2006

On the uranium hexafluoride obtained by the reaction between fluorine and uranium carbide, the viscosity was measured between 14.5° and 44.7°. The purification of uranium hexafluoride was performed by several repeated sublimation. The oscillating-disk viscosimeter was used in this experiments and its apparatus constant was obtained by the observation of the apparatus filled with air. The molecular diameter of uranium hexafluoride was determined from the Sutherland’s constant, and the rigidity of the molecule was also obtained from the observed values.
Equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. I. Equilibrium Pressure of Reaction in Urea-Synthesis from Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kawasumi Schohachi
Published: July 2006

(1) In the study of the equilibrium pressure of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system, it was experimentally found that the equilibrium pressure of the system is a function of loading, density of reactants in the reaction vessel at a given temperature.

(2) The experimental equations that show the relation between temperature and equilibrium pressure were studied at various loading densities, under conditions that loading mol ratio of carbon dioxide to ammonia was one by two, and at the temperature range 130° to 170°.

(3) It was verified that the diversity of the equilibrium pressure of the system is reasonable.
Studies on Dielectric Behavior of Bound Water in Timber in the High Frequency Region
Authors: Takeda Masatami
Published: July 2006

1. Dielectric constants and loss factors of timber tilia containing various amounts of water have been measured in the region of frequencies of 0.2–3000 M. C.

2. The dielectric properties of these materials at the high frequency region are found to depend upon the rotation of dipoles of water, free and bound, in timber. The empirical relation proposed by Cole and Cole are utilized for the explanation.

3. Their dielectric properties at lower frequencies may be attributed to the other causes such as the movement of ions in the material.
The Absorption Spectra of Quinolino-quinolines
Authors: Shibata Kazuo
Published: July 2006

Purified cotton and wood pulp were hydrolyzed in 3.5 N HCl for 4-120 hours at 30°. The hydrolyzed products were nitrated with the mixtures of H3PO4-HNOS-P2O5 at 0° for 6 hours. Acetone solutions of the nitrates were fractionally precipitated with ligroin, and chain length distribution curves were plotted. These curves show no positive proof of the presence of the weak bonds which split 5000 times faster than the usual glucosidic bonds. These are well explained with the submicroscopic structure of cellulose.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. V. Monomolecular Films of Hardly Spreadable Substances Stabilized by Stearic Acid and Cetyl Alcohol
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Matuura Ryôhei , Fujimoto Nobumasa
Published: July 2006

Monomolecular film of novolac and some azo dyes, which are not capable of forming stable monomolecular films by themselves on the surrface of water, were prepared using stearic acid or cetyl alcohol as a stabilizer and their properties were measured and discussed. It was shown that the molecule of novolac lies rather flat on the surface of water. The remarkable effect of capric ion in the underlying water on the dye mono layers was discussed in connection with the molecular structure of the dye compounds.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. VI. On the Surface Films of Diphenylsiloxane Polymers
Authors: Matuura Ryôhei
Published: July 2006

The surface films of diphenylsiloxane polymers obtained by heating the monomer above its meltfrytytgrfrfgtyhing point were formed on the surface of water and their properties were discussed in connection with their molecular structure. The linear trimer formed a very stable monolayer on water and its molecular area was approximately equal to the area of six phenyl groups, while the cyclic trimer formed no surface film, readily aggregating into three-dimensional crystals. This difference was explained by the difference in molecular structure; the former has a decided polar-nonpolar structure, while the latter lacks such a structure. This was also confirmed by the experiment on emulsion stabilization.
Research on Activation Energy. II. Some Applications of the Empirical Rule
Authors: Kume Sanshiro , Otozai Kiyoteru
Published: July 2006

1. The empirical rule for the calculation of the activation energy previously proposed has been applied for some more complicated reactions.

2. For the addition reaction of halogen to ethylene the calculated values agree very well with the observed values, but for that of hydrogen the calculated value was somewhat greater than the observed.

3. For the atomic reactions involving sodium and halogen atoms the calculated values agree well with the observed under the appropriate assumptions.

4. The activation energies for the adsorption of hydrogen and ethylene on nickel have been calculated, and the initial rate of adsorption of ethylene calculated by the use of the obtained value of the activation energy was compared with the experimental value of Steacie and Stovel.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. VIII. Rigidity of the Monolayer of Stearic Acid on the Surface of Salt Solutions
Authors: Matuura Ryôhei
Published: July 2006

A relative rigidity of the monolayer of stearic acid on the surface of water containing various metallic ions was measured by the displacement of the glass thread. It was found, as was pointed out in the preceding paper, that metallic ions were classified largely into two groups, namely ions which render the surface film remarkably rigid and those without such effect. Those of the former group are thorium, aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, mercury, cobalt and nickel, while the latter group involves calcium, barium and magnesium. So-called expansion pattern of the film of stearic acid in the presence of these metallic ions was also studied, the result of which also confirmed this conclusion.
Fluorometric Microdetermination of Uranium. V. The Uranium Content of Sea Water
Authors: Nakanishi Masaki
Published: July 2006

Coast and ocean water sample were analysed on their uranium contents by the fluorometric method.

The variation to the depth of 4000 m. was also examined in the ocean water sample. The content is likely to be constant even to the deep, though a little decrease appears in the surface water.

The obtained values in the deeper layer (average 2.8×10−6 g.U/l.) are somewhat higher than those by foreign investigators.
Synthesis of 2-Arylimino-3-aryl-4-keto-tetrahydrothiazoles by Condensing Di-Arylthioureas with Monochloroacetic Acid
Authors: Bhargava Prithwi Nath
Published: July 2006

(1) 2-Arylimino-3-aryl-4-keto-tetrahydro-thiazoles were prepared by condensation of di-arylthioureas with monochloroacetic acid in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate and absolute alcohol.

(2) The formation of semicarbazones of 2-arylimino-3-aryl-4-keto-tetrahydrothiazoles has revealed the presence of a keto-group.
Studies on the Conjugated Double Bond Systems. VIII. On the Electronic Structures of Furan, Pyrrole and Thiophen
Authors: Nagakura Saburo , Hosoya Toichiro
Published: July 2006

Electronic structures of furan, pyrrole and thiophene were investigated by the use of the molecular orbital method. And values of energy levels, resonance energies, π-electron densities and bond orders were calculated. As the result of these calculations, it was found that nonbonding electrons of hetero-atoms migrate into carbon atoms and the degree of these electron migrations increases in the order of furan, pyrrole and thiophene.
On the Nature of Built-up Film. I. Adsorption of Ion on Built-up Film of Stearic Acid
Authors: Muramatsu Mitsuo , Sasaki Tunetaka
Published: July 2006

The adsorption of barium, mercuric, cupric, aluminum, and thorium ions on the built-up films of stearic acid both transferred from water the surface of water, and converted from barium stearate multilayers, was studied.

The adsorbed amount of barium ion increased with increasing pH, but the increase in thickness corresponding to the saturate adsorption for monolayer was constant for all pH. On the contrary, other ions studied showed the specific pH range for the optimum adsorption. A more or less complicated and large structure for these ions was concluded from the special nature of the adsorption hereby exhibited by these ions. Such a complex nature was most pronounced for aluminum and thorium ions.
Equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. II. Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium in the Loading Mole Ratio of 2NH3 to CO2
Authors: Kawasumi Sch\={o}hachi
Published: July 2006

(1) For studying the liquid-and vaporphase equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system under high temperature and pressure, details of methods to determine mole ratios of ammonia, carbon dioixde and water in the vapor phase, mole ratio of ammonia to carbon dioxide in the liquid phase, and volume-ratio of the vapor-to liquid-phase in an autoclave have been described.

(2) Experimental results at temperatures between 140 and 180°C. and over the loading density range of 0.20 to 1.00 g./cc. have been shown in the case of the loading mole ratio of 2NH3 to 1 CO2.

(3) The relations among the equilibrium yield of urea, the loading density and the temperature were discussed from the standpoint of the liquid- and vapor-phase equilibrium.

(4) The liquid- and vapor-phase compositions in the equilibrium state of the system have been calculated on an assumption that the system consists of three components, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water, in the vapor phase and of four components, urea, water, ammonia and carbon dioxide, in the liquid phase.

(5) The equilibrium constant of the following reaction represented by mole fraction of each component in the liquid phase is approximately constant independent of the loading density at a given temperature.

CO_2+2NH_3\ightleftarrowsCO(NH_2)_2+H_2O

(6) A discontinuous point appearing in a plot of the equilibrium constant against the temperature at a given loading density has been discussed.

(7) The liquid- and vapor-densities of the system under high temperature and pressure have been calculated from the equilibrium compositions.
A Study on the Mechanism of the Catalytic Action of Manganese Dioxide on the Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate by Use of Heavy Oxygen as an Isotopic Tracer
Authors: Fukushima Shouzow , Horibe Yoshio , Titani Toshizo
Published: July 2006

By use of heavy oxygen as an isotopic tracer, the following facts have been found;

1. At the catalytic decomposition of potassium chlorate in the presence of manganese dioxide, an unstable compound is formed between potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide, and oxygen gas is liberated by the decomposition of this intermediate compound.

2. The active part of manganese dioxide capable of composing such an intermediate compound with potassium chlorate is only a limited small portion of the particle.

3. Such an active part is readily destroyed by such a severe treatment as the heating of the catalyst in a vacuum at high temperature.
On the Mechanism of the Reduction Process of the Hydrogen Ion at the Dropping Mercury Electrode. II. Experimental Part—The Limiting Current of the Hydrogen Wave
Authors: Tamamushi Reita
Published: July 2006

The properties of the limiting current of the reduction wave of the hydrogen ion were studied in the system of dil. HCl in 0.1 n KCl solution.

The relution between the limiting current and the concentration of the hydrogen ion in the bulk of the solution was linear, and the experimental relation between the limiting current and the height of the mercury reservior was interpreted by the revised Ilkovic equation.

It was shown that the temperature coefficient of the limiting current is nearly equal to 1.0 % at 25° which is in agreement with the theoretical value computed from the revised Ilkovic equation.

From these results it was concluded that the limiting current of the hydrogen ion obtained under the present condition is controlled by the diffusion process of the hydrogen ion.
Formula for the Melting Points of Inorganic Compounds of Type MXOn
Authors: Fujiwara Shizuo
Published: July 2006

(1)An expression for the melting points of the inorganic compounds of type MXOn has been obtained as,

T·(α_+-α_-)^1/6=a-b·(r_-/r_+),

and the values of a and b have been given, where T is the melting point in absolute temperature, α+ and r+ are the polarizability and the ionic radius of the cation M+, res-pectively, and α−, r− are the polarizability and the ionic radius of the ion X(2n−1)+ respectively.

(2) Considering the results of the practical calculation, the values given by Goldschmidt are to be adopted for the formula as the polar -izabilities and ionic radii, and those given by Fajans and by Pauling are less satisfying in some cases. It is probably due to the fact that the Gold Schmidt’s values correspond to the ions in the solid and those of Pajans and of Pauling to the free ions.

(3) This formula will be useful for the ex-amination of the known values of the melting points and for the estimation of the unknown data.

(4) It is very important that ‘melting point’ is presented as a function of the variables characteristic for atoms, such as ionic radius and polarizability of atoms.
Note on the Ideal Mixture Law for Viscosity
Authors: Ishikawa Tetsuya
Published: July 2006

Tests made with data in the recent literature show (1) that the Ishikawa formula is superior to the formulas of Macleod, Drucker-Kassel and Kendall which are often used as an ideal mixture law for viscosity, and (2) that the extraordinary values of K of his formula in PbCl2–PbBr2 and Na–K systems suggest the tendency of forming peritectic compounds of PbBr23PbCl2 and Na2K respectively.
Studies on Nitrate Reductase. VI. Acceptor Specificity of the Enzyme
Authors: Sato Ryo , Ebata Mituo , Egami Fujio
Published: July 2006

Evidence is presented to indicate that ethyl nitrate, nitromethane, and possibly also nitrourea are not able to accept hydrogen from nitrate reductase system of E. coli. p-Nitrobenzoic acid is reduced to p-aminobenzoic acid by the action of the dried cells of E. coli to a small extent. This reduction is, however, not achieved by nitrate reductase. Nitrite reductase contained in the organism is responsible for the reduction of aromatic nitro groups.
Studies on the Polarographic Analysis. XI. New Differential Polarography with One Dropping Electrode
Authors: Ishibashi Masayoshi , Fujinaga Taitiro
Published: July 2006

The authors studied on the new differential polarography; its instrumentation and result obtained were particularly reported in the present paper. Discussions for its quantitative analysis and for the electrode reactions and some utilities of current-alternator will be followed.
The Salt Effect in the Aniline-Formaldehyde Condensation
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Okano Masaya , Yamamoto Tsutomu
Published: July 2006

In the hydrochloric or sulfuric acid-catalyzed condensation of aniline with formaldehyde, it was found that the addition of inorganic salt, e. g., sodium chloride or potassium sulfate, increases the rate and this fact is ascribed to the so-called primary and secondary salt effects.
Spinnability of Liquid. A Visco-elastic State. I. Spinnability and Anomalous Viscosity
Authors: Nakagawa Tsurutaro
Published: July 2006

Simple viscous liquids become thread-forming first at the viscosity of 40∼50 poises or more. Spinnability of typical thread-forming liquids is characterized by the co-operation of the far smaller viscosity and some “elasticity.”
Pen Writing Polarograph with Direct Current Amplifier.—Study of p-Nitrosodiethylaniline—
Authors: Kikuchi Sinichi , Sakaguchi Yoshikata , Honda Kenichi
Published: July 2006

A new type of polarographic apparatus which utilizes the amplifying method and recorder is described. And its faculty is studied by comparing it with usual photographic apparatus. At the same time, p-nitrosodiethylaniline is studied polarographically and the comparison of both apparatuses is achieved through that study.
The Electronic States of the BH and CH Radicals
Authors: Higuchi Jiro
Published: July 2006

The energy levels of the CH and the BH radicals have been calculated by the method of atomic orbitals, taking both s2p2 and sp3 configurations together for the carbon atom and s2p and sp2 for the boron atom and including the overlap integrals and the higher order permutations. The values obtained are in excellent agreement with observations.
Cyclopolysiloxanes from Ethyldichlorosilane
Authors: Okawara Rokuro , Asada Eiji , Watase Takeo
Published: July 2006

1. From the untreated hydrolyzate of ethyldichlorosilane, cyclic trimer (C2H5SiHO)3 and tetramer (C2H6SiHO)4, and from the pyrolyzed hydrolyzate cyclic trimer, tetramer and pentamer (C2H5SiHO)5 have been acquired and characterized.

2. The reactivity of the siloxane (Si–O–Si) linkage in the (C2H5SiHO)n compounds toward acid cleavage appears to be not so enhanced as that exhibited by the (CH3SiHO)n compounds.
Dichroisms of Benzene Rings. IV. The Dichroisms of Diphenyldiacetylene and Naphthazarine
Authors: Nakamoto Kazuo
Published: July 2006

Absorption spectra of diphenyldiacetylene and naphthazarine in crystalline state as well as in solution have been measured quantitatively in the visible and ultraviolet region. In the former compound, it has been found that the acetylene group indicates similar dichroic property to the benzene ring except for the fact that the dichroism of the former is more remarkable than that of the latter. From the dichroic property of naphthazarine, it has been concluded that the substance exists as the monomer and does not form the molecular compound like quinhydrone even in crystalline state.
Equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. III. Effect of Water Added on Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium
Authors: Kawasumi Schôhachi
Published: July 2006

(1) The effect of water added to ammonium carbamate on liquid-vapor equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system was investigated at 160 °C. and a loading density of ammonium carbamate 0.60 g./cc. and over the range of mole ratio from 0.20 to 1.00 of water added to ammonium carbamate.

(2) The equilibrium pressure is approximately constant independent of the amount of water added within the range of the experimental conditions. Both the vapor- and the liquid-compositions become richer in carbon dioxide, and the equilibrium yield of urea decreases with an increase of the amount of water added.

(3) The results of calculation of the compositions and densities of the liquid- and the vapor-phases in the equilibrium state when water ranging from 0.20 to 1.00 mole was added to one mole of ammonium carbamate have been shown.
Equilibrium of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O System under High Temperature and Pressure. IV. Effect of Loading NH3-CO2 Mole Ratio on Equilibrium Pressure and Vapor Composition
Authors: Kawasumi Schôhachi
Published: July 2006

(1) For the purpose of studying the liquidvapor equilibria of the CO2-NH3-Urea-H2O system in the presence of excess ammonia and carbon dioxide respectively over that combined as ammonium carbamate, the equilibrium pressure and vapor composition of the system under high temperature and pressure have been determined over the range of the loading NH3-CO2 mole ratio from 1.60 to 3.00.

(2) The experiments which were performed with an initial loading density of ammonium carbamate into a reaction vessel of 0.60g./cc. and at a temperature of 160°C. have definitely shown the system to exert the minimum pressure and simultaneously to have the vapor composition of 2NH3 to 1CO2 at a loading mole ratio of 2.43 NH3 to 1CO2.

(3) The relation between the equilibrium pressure and the mole ratio of NH3 to CO2 in the vapor phase has been given diagrammatically over the temperature range from 140° to 180°C.
Physicochemical Properties of the Surface of Aqueous Solutions. V. Mechanical Properties of the Surface of Dye Solution
Authors: Kimizuka Hideo
Published: July 2006

The rheological property of the surface of dye solution with a change in pH under constant concentration was studied. Solutions of crystal violet, night blue, congo red and phloxine form the coherent adsorbed layer, while those of scarlet red and methyl orange, do not. The differences between them was considered to be due to the difference in the intensity of the interaction between molecules in the adsorbed layer. The surfaces of solutions of crystal violet, night blue, congo red and phloxine show the transformation of a mechanical model as well as sharp maxima in the value of surface rigidity and surface viscosity coefficient with a change in pH.
Physicochemical Properties of the Surface of Aqueous Solutions VI. Breaking of the Solid Surface
Authors: Kimizuka Hideo
Published: July 2006

(1) The rupture of aqueous saponin film was studied by measuring the variation of the frequency of the breaking with tension as well as by measuring the breaking time as a function of stress. The results showed that the irreproducibility of the observed data upon surface tension was due to the breaking of the solid film and this mechanism was also responsible for the nature of the stability of such a foam as that produced by saponin, which was also considered to consist of solid film.

(2) A new method for the measurement of surface tension, applicable to the solution forming a solid adsorbed layer,was presented.

(3) It was shown that the membrane effect is a breaking stress of the adsorbed layer.
On the Distribution of Nutrient Salts in the Equatorial North Pacific
Authors: Fukai Rinnosuke
Published: July 2006

The present author carried out the determination of nutrient salts of the water samples collected from the equatorial region of the North Pacific in 1951, and their distributions have been investigated taking the biological factor into consideration.

The author found that the distributions, of nutrient salts were closely connected with the structure of the movements of sea water in this region and that the effect of water movements was extended to a depth of 500 m. On the other hand, it is suggested that the oxygen minima and nutrient salts maxima developed just below the divergence are caused by the biological factor.

The estimations of biological rate of change of the constituents in the layer in which the decomposition processes might occur were made, introducing some simplifying assumptions. As the results, the values of 3∼8×10−8 μ-atoms PO4-P/1; sec. for phosphate liberation and 3∼12.5×10−8 ml. O2/1. sec. for oxygen consumption were obtained. These values are probably reliable as the measure indicating the rate of decomposition processes which take place in the subsurface layer within the region in question.
Rheology of Surface Films. I. Rheological Characteristics of Monomolecular Films of Ovalbumin and Serum Albumin
Authors: Inokuchi Kiyoshi
Published: July 2006

A static method of measuring the viscoelasticity of spread monolayers is presented, and the rheological study was carried out with the monolayers of ovalbumin, horse serum albumin, and hemoglobin. The deformation-time relations, obtained under the shear stress, were found to give very detailed information about the structure of films.

With ovalbumin films spread on 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, it was found that an instantaneous elasticity, accompanying retarded elasticity, appeared in an unexpectedly large area, i.e., in the area above 5 sq. m. per mg. Surface shear modulus of instantaneous elasticity increased linearly with the decrease of surface area, exhibiting several breaks in the slope.

The films of serum albumin and hemoglobin behaved differently from ovalbumin film, as they did not exhibit any viscoelasticity until they were compressed to a considerably small area. Compression down to the area below 1.0 sq. m. per mg., however, makes a simple viscous film and further compression down to the area below 0.8 sq. m. per mg., just rendered the film viscoelastic. Such changes of film state were found to be consistent with the breaks in the compressibility-area curve obtained from the forcearea curve. Discussions of the characterization of these protein films were briefly made in terms of molecules.
Reactivity of Coke. I. Absolute Reaction Rates of the Carbon Dioxide-Carbon Reaction
Authors: Kawana Yoshio
Published: July 2006

The absolute reaction rates of carbon dioxide with eight carbons have been obtained from the surface area measurement by the B.E.T. method using ammonia adsorption at 0°C and the reaction rate measurement.

The activation energies ranged from 91 Kcal/mol of oil coke and coke III to 99 Kcal/mol of coke I and pitch coke.

The reaction mechanism that the reaction of the formation of surface oxide is rapid and always in equilibrium and the concentration of the surface oxide is negligibly small compared with total active centers and the rate-determining step is the desorption of surface oxide can be interpreted by the theory of absolute reaction rates.

It may be concluded that the difference of the activation energies will be due to catalytic effects of some impurities in carbons, and that the difference of the absolute reaction rates due only to the difference of the crystallographic structure of pure carbons without the catalytic effects of impurities will be small.
Studies on the Heat of Solution. I. Heats of Solution of Crystalline Pentaerythritol and Mesoerythritol
Authors: Seki Syûzô , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: July 2006

(i) The heats of solution of pentaerythritol and mesoerythritol have been measured at 18°C and found to be both of endothermic. (4.77 kcal./mole and 5.24 kcal./mole).

(ii) The heats of dilution of both substances are of exothermic.

(iii) From the heats of sublimation and of solution, the heats of hydration were determined (26.6 kcal./mole for pentaerythritol and 27.1 kcal./mole for mesoerythritol).

(iv) It was found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds cause considerable deviations from the improved Butler rule on the heats of hydration of alcohols.
The Crystal Structure of Zinc Oxyacetate, Zn4O(CH3COO)6
Authors: Koyama Hirozo , Saito Yoshihiko
Published: July 2006

The crystal structure of Zn4O(CH3COO)6 has been examined by the method of X-ray Fourier analysis (Fe Kα, λ=1.937 Å). The general features of the structure reported by Wyart in 1926 are confirmed and the atomic co-oridinates which hitherto remained unfixed have been completely determined. Lengths of Zn-O bonds are 1.96 and 1.98 Å respectively, which are in good accord with those found in crystals of ZnO. The significance of the structure is discussed briefly and compared with that of Be4O(CH3COO)6.
The Condensation of Benzaldehyde with Methyl Ethyl Ketone by Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Midorikawa Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

In the condensation of benzaldehyde with methyl ethyl ketone by aqueous sodium hydroxide, the lowered reaction temperature (3∼5°) favored the aldol condensation at the α-methylene group of the ketone as in the condensation of furfural with the ketone. On the other hand, the elevated reaction temperature (60∼65°) conducted exclusively the condensation at the α-methyl group of the ketone, giving 1-phenyl-1-penten-3-one (I). 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-butanol-2-one (II), obtained by the aldol condensation at the lowered reaction temperature (3∼5°), was dehydrated with acetic anhydride to 3-methyl-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (IV), which was oxidized, by sodium hypochlorite to afford α-methylcinnamic acid (V).
Photopolymerization of Vinyl Chloride by Mercury Sensitization
Authors: Koizumi Masao , Nakatsuka Kazuo , Kato Shunji
Published: July 2006

It was found that the photopolymerization of vinyl chloride in the presence of mercury vapor is mainly a sensitized reaction due to the latter. The effective light is 1850 Å and not 2537 Å.
The Effect of Conversion on the Mechanism of Vinyl Polymerization. I Styrene
Authors: Fujii Saburo
Published: July 2006

The polymerization of pure styrene has been studied photochemically near room temperatures and in the range 0 to about 70 % conversion, and the following results have been obtained.

With increasing conversion; (1) both the direct photo-polymerization and the thermal polymerization are accelerated strongly, (2) the over-all activation energies in both polymerizations decreases, (3) the lifetime of kinetic chains increased steadily and the photochemical initial and after effects are easily observed dilatometrically over 30 % conversion. Also (4) the reaction order of chain termination is 2 in the range 0 to about 40 % conversion, but it becomes less than 2 at the conversions over 60 %.

Thus these results have been discussed on several assumptions and it has been concluded that they are attributed to a considerable change in the mechanism of radical termination with increasing conversion of the reaction system, i.e., the change from an activation-controlled termination to a diffusion-controlled one.
Polarographic Studies on Heterocyclic Compounds. I. Kinetic Current of Isonicotinic Acid
Authors: Nagata Yoshinosuke , Tachi Isamu
Published: July 2006

(1) Isonicotinic acid shows a single polaro-graphic reduction wave. It is found from the standpoint of the wave analysis as well as of A.C. polarography that the electrode process is irreversible.

(2) The wave height at pH 5.0 is proportional to the concentration of isonicotinic acid in the concentration range from 10−4 to 10−3 mol per liter.

(3) Since the single reduction wave is considered to be due to the reduction of undissociated molecules, the i-pH. curve shows an apparent polarographic dissociation curve.

(4) The kinetic current due to the recombination of dissociated anions with proton is investigated, and the recombination velocity constant and the thickness of reaction layer are determined according to J. Koutecký and R. Brdicka’s equations.
A Study of the Effect of Fuchsin Red on the Metabolism of Yeasts
Authors: Bahadur Krishna
Published: July 2006

When fuchsin dye is added in the yeast cultures it causes a change in the physiological properties of the yeasts which is characterstic of the variety of yeast used. For many properties this change becomes more gradual as the concentration of dye increases in the culture. Although there is a vast difference in the nature of change of alcohol forming property of the yeasts studied above, changes of the other properties show a similar trend in both the yeasts under examination, when higher concentrations of fuchsin red is present in the cultures.

The presence of fuchsin in the culture is poisonous to the yeasts. This is indicated by the fact that it hinders their growth. This hindrance is directly proportional to the amount of dye in the culture.
Colorimetric Microdetermination of Chromium and Manganese in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kozawa Akiya , Tanaka Motoharu , Sasaki Kumazo
Published: July 2006

Chromium and manganese less than 100μg. in 500-1000 ml. of solution are separated from a bulk of the solution by ferric hydroxide precipitation and the separation of chromium from manganese and iron can be carried out by the reduction of ferric iron to ferrous followed by the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide. And each element was determined colorimetrically using the silver peroxide as oxydant. No coprecipitation of chromate could be observed in this procedure.
Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Silver Surface
Authors: Yamada Noboru
Published: July 2006

The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on the surface of silver powder has been studied. The reaction rate has been measured by the flow method. The reaction rate on the fully reduced silver surface is proportional to the pressure of carbon monoxide and independent of the oxygen pressure. On the other hand, when the surface has not been reduced with hydrogen, or has been treated preliminarily in an oxygen stream at a high temperature, the reaction rate is proportional to the oxygen pressure and independent of the carbon monoxide pressure. One of these two features of the reaction can be changed to the other by heating the surface in the stream of oxygen, or hydrogen. These results indicate that the chemisorption of oxygen and the reaction between this chemisorbed oxygen and carbon monoxide are the main steps of the oxidation, and its reaction rate is determined by either of these steps.
The Effects of Substituents on the Hydrolysis of Substituted Cyanamides in Sulfuric acid Solution
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Ohishi Shin , Takamura Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

The energies and the entropies of activation have been determined for the hydrolysis of mono- and di-substituted cyanamides in 20% sulfuric acid solution.

The effect of substituents are distinctly shown in these kinetic data and the substituents are classified in three groups, (1) normal alkyl group substituted, (2) branched alkyl group substituted and (3) unsaturated group substituted cyanamides. The difference in energy of activation required for the hydrolysis of cyanamides may be explained by assuming the intermediate cyanamide-disulfate, the rate-determining step being the second protonation of cyanamide to give cyanamide-disulfate.
Dependence of the Molecular Polarization of Carbon Dioxide on Pressure
Authors: Kubo Masaji , Uchida Tadashi
Published: July 2006

The dependence of the molecular polarization of carbon dioxide upon pressure was explained by partial binary association suggested by MacCormack and Schneider on the basis of the second virial coefficient. The theoretical considerations indicate that molecular polarization increases with pressure and that the rate of increase of molecular polarization decrease as the pressure increases. The results of theoretical predictions agree with experiments quantitatively over the entire pressure range if a parameter contained in the theoretical formula is adjusted properly. This parameter can be interpreted as the molecular polarization of dimeric molecules plus the difference between the atomic polarization of dimers and twice the atomic polarization of monomers. The three quantities, the dipole moment of the dimer, the effective charges of four intermonomer normal modes of vibration and the force constants of the same, were evaluated theoretically. A numerical value of the aforementioned parameter which is calculated from these three quantities compares favorably with that obtained from the dependence of molecular polarization on pressure.
Studies on Santonin. I. Expariments on the Synthesis of Santonin. Part I. Preparation of 2-Keto-1, 10-dimethyl-decalin
Authors: Matsui Masanao , Kitamura Seiichi , Suzuki Yoshio , Hamuro Michiko
Published: July 2006

2-oxo-1, 10-dimethyl-decalin (VIII) was synthesized from (I), according to the following course, (I)→(II)→(VII)→(VIII). The sample obtained was the same as the one derived from the condensation product of 2-methyl-cyclohexanone and diethylamino-pentanone methiodide.
Polarographic Diffusion Current Observed with Square Wave Voltage. I. Effect Produced by the Sudden Change of Electrode Potential
Authors: Kambara Tomihito
Published: July 2006

Change of the structure of diffusion layer with time and the course of diffusion current at a stationary and reversible electrode due to the sudden change of the applied voltage are discussed mathematically.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. VI. The Effect of the Substituent and That of the Solvent on the Thermal Dissociation of Ureas
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Ozaki Sh\={o}ichiro , Hoshino Toshio
Published: July 2006

The rate constants of the thermal dissociation of 1,1-dimethyl, 1,3-diethyl, 1,3-diisopropyl, 1,1, 3-triethyl, 1, 3-dihexyl, 1,3-dibenzyl, 1, 1-diethyl-3-isopropyl and 1,3-di-t-butyl ureas in n-butyric,n-caproic,n-capric, phenylacetic and benzoic acids were deter mined. The effects of substituents and those of solvents on the reaction rate were discussed. The transition state of the dissociation containing two fatty acids and one urea molecule was considered and the experimental results were reasonably explained by the proposed mechanism.
Removal of Dissolved Oxygen by Sodium Sulfite. Application to the Polarographic Study
Authors: Kikuchi Shinichi , Honda Kenichi , Kim Seckchill
Published: July 2006

(1) From the polarographic standpoint, the behavior of reducing the dissolved oxygen by sodium sulfite is investigated in various kinds of supporting electrolytes.

(2) The efficiency is most prominent in neutral solution and becomes less effective towards basic.

(3) Influence upon the pH of the solution by the addition should not be neglected.

(4) There would be no effect to the reducible substance.

(5) Its reducing action still proceeds in acidic solution.

(6) The stock solution of sodium sulfite should be as fresh as possible. But a too fresh solution in 5∼10 min. after preparation does not show the effect. The reason is not yet clarified. Ten or more days after preparation, it becomes less effective.
Surface Chemistry of High Polymers. III. Some Relationships between the Monolayer of Non-electrolytic Linear Polymers
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi
Published: July 2006

1. The various surface moments of like polymers can be understood in the light of the models in Table I, which are designed by considering the orientation of C=O bond at the interface.

2. The flexibility of polymer film can be measured not only by surface pressure but also by the time for perfect spreading, the largest area from which the reliable surface moment can be obtained, or the number of atoms in the main chain of the statistical kinetic unit.

3. The effect of hydrolysis of a milan solution by sulphuric acid on its film was examined.
Dye-sensitized Photopolymerization of Vinyl Compounds. Polymerization of Styrene by Cyanine Dyes. I
Authors: Koizumi Masao , Watanabe Ai
Published: July 2006

The photopolymerization induced by the excited cyanine dyes was investigated, and it was established that the direct interaction between excited dye and monomer initiates the polymerization. The quantum yields for photobleaching and for the initiation process in the polymerization were both found to be of the order of 10−4. It was further found that one dye molecule produces one or two kinetic chains of polymerization.
Studies on A.C. Polarography. IV. Reversible Behaviour of Anions
Authors: Takemori Yoshio , Tachi Isamu
Published: July 2006

A train of a. c. polarographic investigations on several anions, which depolarize the dropping mercury anode, was carried out. The experimental results of a. c. polarography of Cl−, Br−, I− and CN− generally agreed with the theoretical consideration based on the reversible electrode process. Namely, it can be concluded that Breyer’s polarogram shows the derivative curve of the ordinary polarogram and Fournier’s current of these anions is regarded as the mean of two current intensities at both the extreme potentials of the pulsing potential produced by the superposition of a small a. c. voltage on the ordinary d. c. potential. Thus the electrode processes of these anions are found to be reversible. And the possibility of the application to the quantitative determination of these anions was found in the proper concentration range.
Conductivity of Aqueous Potassium Dodecyl Sulfonate at Various Temperatures and with Solubilized Benzene
Authors: Lin Wei-chuwan
Published: July 2006

The specific conductivity of aqueous solutions of potassium dodecyl sulfonate has been measured as a function of concentration in the presence and absence of solubilized benzene in the temperature range between 25 and 60°C.

Below the critical concentration for the formation of micelles solubilized benzene has no effect on the conductivity. In the critical concentration range there is a marked effect which decreases with salt concentration and finally becomes negligible.

The critical concentration decreases in the presence of solubilized benzene; this effect becomes more marked as the benzene concentration is increased. The critical concentration increases with increasing temperature both in the presence and absence of benzene.

The experimental part of this work was done at George Herbert Jones Laboratory, University of Chicago, III., U. S. A. The author would like to express his hearty gratitude to Dr. M. L. Corrin for many fruitful discussions during his stay at the University of Chicago, and for personal communications after his return to Formosa.
Micelle Formation and Solubilization in Benzene by Fatty Acid Salts of Higher Amines
Authors: Kitahara Ayao
Published: July 2006

Fatty acid salts of higher aliphatic amines were prepared and used as detergents. The micelle formation in the benzene solution was verified from the relation between the van’t Hoff factor and the concentration. It was shown that the amount of solubilized water is proportional to the concentration of the detergent. The value of the critical micelle concentration was determined from the extraporation of the proportionality. This value is within the region of the remarkable decrease in the curve between the van’t Hoff factor and the concentration. With the increases of the carbon number of the amine or the acid part, the critical micelle concentration increases and the solubilizing power decreases. This result is quite different from that of aqueous solutions.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. VII. The Urea Linkage (1,3-Dibenzylurea and 1-isopropyl 3 3 diethylurea in Alcohols)
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: July 2006

The rate constants of the thermal dissociation of 1,3-dibenzylurea and 1-isopropyl-3,3-diethylurea in alcohols were determined.

The rates of dissociation in fatty acids are faster than those in alcohols and it can be said that the process of protonation of ureas by solvents plays an important role in the dissociation.

In the case of dissociation in alcohols, the reaction seems to proceed by a base catalysis. And the intermediate complex containing two alcohol and one urea molecules was considered. The experimental results were reasonably explained by the proposed mechanism.
Studies on Molecular Structure by the Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of Gases. II. Dipole Moment and the Molecular Structure of Mono- and sym-Dihalogenomethyl ether
Authors: Chiba Takehiko
Published: July 2006

The temperature dependence of the dipole moment was investigated on monochloromethyl ether (I), sym-dichloromethyl ether (II) and monobromomethyl ether (III) in the gaseous state, and (III) and sym-dibromomethyl ether (IV) in heptane solution. The moment of (I), (II) and (IV) increases with temperature, while that of (III) does not.

From the observed data the energy difference between the gauche and the trans position is 0. 7 kcal./mol. in (I), and zero in (III) Similarly ΔE’s between t,g- and g,g-form of (II) and (IV) are estimated to be 1.3 kcal. and obtained to be 0.9 kcal./mol. respectively from the observed results.
Ortho-localisation Energies for Methyl-1:2 benzanthracenes
Authors: Nakajima Takeshi
Published: July 2006

(1) The effects of the methyl substituent on O.L.E. for the 3–4 bond of B.A. have been calculated. The effect may be discussed by the perturbation method taking account of the virtual inductive effect through the suitable choice of the value of δα of the substituted position.

(2) The homolytic and heterolytic O.L.E. were defined. The former predicts the bond reactivity only for a system of alternant hydrocarbons. With substituted hydrocarbons the latter should be used as a criterion of bond reactivity.

(3) The heterolytic O.L.E. for the 3–4 bonds of several M.B.A. have been successfully correlated with the experimental evidences on rates of addition of OsO4 and the carcinogenic activities.

(4) The method of calculation of the effect of the methyl substituent on O.L.E. used in the present note may be applicable, with due caution, to other substituents in general.
Studies on Unsaturated Organosilicon Compounds. II. Reactions and Properties of Vinyltrimethylsilane
Authors: Kanazashi Motonori
Published: July 2006

1) Addition reactions to the double bond of vinyltrimethylsilane were studied with hydrogen,bromine,chlorine,hydrogen bromide and iodide, and the properties of the products were given.

2) Vinyl-silicon bond was cloven by concentrated sulfuric acid but no reaction occurred with methanolic potassium hydroxide.

3) Reaction mechanisms of the above two reactions of vinyl, allyl or related unsaturated organosilicon compounds were discussed. A conjugated structure involving silicon-carbon double bond in which the silicon atom has an expanded valence shell was postulated for some of these reactions. Such a structure was further confirmed by the shift of νc=c in the absorption spectra of vinyltrimethylsilane.

4) Polymerization reactions of this compound were studied and the steric hindrance by a large trimethylsilyl group in the structural unit of the polymer was discussed, particularly concerning the absence of a high molecular weight polymer in the reaction product.