bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing and competitive performance: an empirical study
Authors: Doyle Peter , Wong Veronica
Published: July 2002

Hypothesises that high performance companies have a defined mission which includes specification of their target markets and broad goals. Competitive advantage is founded on customer satisfaction, which in turn is built on a market‐led strategy, effective systems and committed and empowered staff. All these building blocks are influenced by a changing and increasingly competitive international environment. Influential government reports on industrial competitiveness have ignored the contribution of marketing. This is partly because academics themselves have not shown the link between marketing effectiveness and business performance. Explores the contribution of marketing within a broader model of the determinants of competitiveness using an empirical study.
Developing a better measure of market orientation
Authors: Gray Brendan , Matear Sheelagh , Boshoff Christo , Matheson Phil
Published: July 2002

While academics have been attempting to establish empirical support for the marketing concept, managers have been facing a complementary challenge to implement this cornerstone of marketing theory. Both groups appear to have had limited success. Part of the problem may lie in a failure to establish a generalisable model of market orientation. There is also a lack of a parsimonious measure which managers can use to pinpoint organisational short‐comings. This study addresses both those problems by replicating and extending the market orientation research of both Jaworski and Kohli and Narver and Slater using a large multi‐industry sample of New Zealand companies. The result is a parsimonious and managerially useful 20‐item scale for measuring the market orientation of New Zealand companies. It is likely this scale could be generalisable to other country‐market contexts. The findings also indicate that the successful implementation of the marketing concept should produce improved customer and organisational benefits, particularly if performance is measured in terms of improved profitability, brand awareness, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.
A contingency analysis of the impact of salesperson’s effort on satisfaction and performance in selling new products
Authors: Atuahene‐Gima Kwaku
Published: July 2002

To ensure diffusion of new products among buyers’ firms need to ensure their acceptance by the salesforce. Few studies have, however, examined the satisfaction and performance of the salesforce in new product selling. This article reports the results of an empirical study of the effect of salesperson’s effort in new product selling on satisfaction and performance, and the potential moderators of the linkages. The results suggest that effort leads to greater satisfaction and performance. However, the strength of the relationship with respect to satisfaction is decreased by perceived self advantage in selling the new product and salesperson’s experience, but enhanced by customer role ambiguity and competitive intensity. With respect to performance, the findings indicate that the positive effects of effort are buffered by intensity of market competition and salesperson’s experience.
Multiobjective shape optimization of air‐cored solenoids
Authors: Di Barba P.
Published: July 2002

The multiobjective optimization of an eight‐block actively‐shielded solenoid has been performed. After a study of each objective function for simplified configurations, up to three objectives in mutual contrast and 16 design variables have been considered for the full model. In order to obtain a set of equivalent optimal solutions, an evolution strategy of lowest order with a multistart grid has been linked to a Pareto sorting algorithm. Sparsity in both design and objective space and the improvement of all objectives is a feature of the solutions belonging to the Pareto optimal set.
Design optimization of a non‐linear magnetic media system using finite element analysis and Taguchi method
Authors: Chen S.X. , Low T.S. , Leow P.B.
Published: July 2002

This paper reports an application of the combined FEM analysis and Taguchi's DOE method to the parameter optimization of a magnetic recording media. Effects of a soft magnetic keeper layer on the performance of the magnetic recording media disk are analysed using FEM. Optimization of several key parameters using Taguchi method is performed to maximise the desirable characteristics which are brought about by this keeper layer. This application example shows that the combined approach is an effective and efficient tool for parameter optimization of a non‐linear magnetic field system.
Recent developments in sensorless and quasi‐sensorless drive
Authors: Vas P. , Rashed M. , Joukhadar A.K.M. , Ng C.H.
Published: July 2002

There are two main types of speed/position sensorless closed‐loop variable‐speed electrical drives: sensorless and quasi‐sensorless drives. In sensorless drives, the classical speed and position sensors (transducers) are absent and are replaced by mathematical‐model‐based and/or artificial‐intelligence‐based estimators. In quasi‐sensorless drives, instead of conventional speed/position sensors, smart sensor bearings are used (e.g. SKF smart sensor bearings). The present paper discusses the latest developments in the field of sensorless and quasi‐sensorless variable‐speed high‐performance drives. Thus, a new family of sensorless and quasi‐sensorless induction motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor drives are also discussed (e.g. new sensorless vector and DTC drives, etc.). Methods which enable the operation of these drives at very low speed and also at zero stator frequency are discussed.
The definition of system
Authors: Backlund Alexander
Published: July 2002

Among the several definitions of system that exist, there are some that appear more commonly than others, although in slightly different shapes. It is argued that these definitions are not exclusive enough, i.e. things which are not systems could be regarded as systems, according to these definitions. At the same time, there are definitions which are more specific but according to which some kinds of systems would not be systems. Using the underlying assumptions of many authors, a general, more exact definition of system is proposed. Central to the definition is to ensure that parts of the system should not be isolated from other parts. This definition is used to define some central systems theory concepts.
Asymptotic distributions of likelihood ratio criteria for two testing problems
Authors: Bhavsar C.D.
Published: July 2002

Considers asymptotic distributions of likelihood ratio criteria for two testing problems: a covariance matrix with complex structure has quaternion structure; and a covariance matrix with quaternion structure has complex structure. In each problem, the likelihood ratio criteria and their asymptotic distributions up to first order of approximation are obtained for the class of quaternion elliptical distribution with kurtosis parameters K under the alternatives close to the null hypothesis.
Homeostatics: science of the twenty‐first century
Authors: Gorsky Yu. M. , Stepanov A.M. , Teslinov A.G.
Published: July 2002

Homeostatics is a new science, which, it is considered, advances at a rate which may supersede cybernetics. It reveals the informational laws that govern the living matter and projects them on to all systems. Homeostasis (Gk: homoios – “similar” and stasis – “state” or “standing”) can be represented as a dynamic maintenance of assigned values, parameters, functions and trends of development (decay).
Sustainable development as a challenge for environmental cybernetics
Authors: Halbich Cestmir
Published: July 2002

Deals with the not commonly used terms environmental cybernetics and more sophisticated technologies (MST) in connection with a frequent term sustainable development. In the introduction the author characterises the current situation in the world and mentions problems connected with human survival. Environmental cybernetics and MST are defined in the second part of the paper; stress is put on their relationship with sustainable development . The third part of the paper focuses on possible ways of using MST to solve topical global problems. In conclusion, says that it is possible and desirable to change human activities by cybernetical and technological means in order to exploit natural resources to a lesser extent than is being practised now.
Monte Carlo tests of cointegration with structural breaks
Authors: Östermark Ralf , Höglund Rune
Published: July 2002

The power and size of five cointegration tests, the ADF‐, Zˆα‐, ECM‐, SW‐, and JJ‐statistics, are evaluated in some large‐scale Monte Carlo simulations, when the underlying system is subjected to regime shifts. Following the suggestion by Gregory and Hansen, selects the minimum value for the shift‐corrected statistics evaluated over a set of tentative break points for the regime shifts. The performance of these statistics is compared to the corresponding ordinary statistics in conditions of regime shifts. The results show that no test uniformly outperforms the others in terms of power in the parameter space we have used.
Prototyped genetic search: a cybernetical approach to job‐shop scheduling problems
Authors: Khoukhi Amar
Published: July 2002

In the context of systems and cybernetics theory, we present a new general stochastic method of search and optimization of solutions of problems that we have named Prototyped Genetic Search. Our new method is based mainly on prototype and learning concepts, although it uses concepts of population and evolution just as Evolutionary Algorithms. Moreover, and in order to show the interest of this method and to demonstrate its real potential, we have chosen to apply it on the Job‐Shop Scheduling Problem in the context of the flexible production. This paper is also the opportunity for us to present an other new kind of genetic algorithms, resulting from the integration of the recursivity in the basis functioning of genetic algorithms, and that we have named Recursive Genetic Algorithm.
Lignocellulosic materials in building elements. Part III. Recycled newsprint waste paper in manufacturing light‐weight agro‐gypsum panels
Authors: Basta Altaf , Abd El‐Sayed Essam S. , Fadl Naim A.
Published: July 2002

Describes the novel utilization of waste newsprint paper as inexpensive agro‐fibers for production of lightweight building panels. Thermal gravimetric analysis of treated news paper fibers was studied as a method for testing fire retardancy of agro‐fibers in light building panels. The activation energy of degradation stages was evaluated by applying the Coats and Redfern method of analysis. Results showed that the treatment of newsprint waste with 6 per cent sodium silicate also improved fire retardancy in addition to improving the compressive strength of the produced panels, with the reduction in the bulk density to ∼28.6 per cent compared with gypsum panel. Such treatment gives the produced panels a relatively low water absorption property compared with those produced by other treatments.
Race, community context and confidence in the police
Authors: Cao Liqun , Frank James , Cullen Francis T.
Published: July 2002

Considers the impact of a range of variables on confidence in the police, including those given little or no previous attention, e.g. measures of crime experience and of conservative political orientation. Draws data from a larger study of urban crime‐prevention issues based on Cincinnati, Ohio. Finds that respondents’ race is not a significant determinant of confidence in the police; the most important determinant being the community context. Suggests that neighborhood social integration may provide a supportive context which could encourage positive evaluation of formal institutional arrangements. Finds that attitudes toward the police (ATP) are regulated by the social context and that much of the existing research, which excluded contextual variables, may have been wrong in making race a significant variable. Notes that confidence in the police is higher in women than in men, but this may be due to a lower rate of antagonistic contact between police and women (not measured here).
Research note: Spokane community policing officers revisited
Authors: Thurman Quint C. , Bogen Phil
Published: July 2002

Looks at a project in Spokane, Washington in which two community police officers (CPOs) were assigned to two economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Finds that there is a continuing need for improving communication between police and the neighborhood residents and between residents themselves. Notes the importance of improving the image of law enforcement and encouraging residents to take an active role in solving crime‐related problems in their neighborhood. Says that CPOs enjoy their work and appear quite successful at it; that those who come into contact with CPOs appreciate them. Comments that the flexibility to interact with residents on a personal level and view problems from a local perspective seems to help in problem solving.
Who are the problem‐prone officers? An analysis of citizen complaints
Authors: Michelle Lersch Kim , Mieczkowski Tom
Published: July 2002

Citizen complaints filed against a small group of officers of a large police department in the south‐eastern USA were used to conduct an examination of repeat offenders and non‐repeat offenders. Examines differences between the offenders in the areas of officer characteristics, complaint characteristics and citizen characteristics. Finds that the all‐male group of repeat offenders was significantly younger and less experienced than their peers and was more likely to be accused of harassment. Finds that the ethnic minority group was more likely to file complaints against repeat offenders and that a disproportionate number of complaints were intraracial. Detects a cause for concern in that several high‐ranking officers reacted to the survey by reappraising the data and classing the greater offenders as productive and conscientious officers, i.e., denotes belief at high level within the police organization that a good officer should generate dissatisfaction among the general public.
Emergency response and pursuit issues in Alabama
Authors: McGue Keller Mark , Barker Tom
Published: July 2002

Examines a questionnaire returned by 188 Alabama police and sheriffs’ departments with regard to pursuit issues. Considers variables such as department size, current policy, officer judgment, forcible stop techniques and training. Finds that 80 per cent of these departments had an emergency response policy. Clearly shows that a majority of the respondents think their department’s policy is somewhat restrictive. Cautions that policy may not always be followed in practice. Finds that there is a comprehensive effort to promote safety for officers and all involved, notably in the fact that only 44 per cent of the responding departments allow the use of forcible stop techniques.
Misplaced marketing – Dangers for misplaced tobacco marketing in Eastern Europe
Authors: Townsend Andrew
Published: July 2002

Asserts that tobacco companies are using unscrupulous marketing methods to sell cigarettes in Eastern Europe. As the Western market has stagnated, this area of the world is considered the new frontier. Whilst tobacco companies claim not to be encouraging new smokers to take up the habit, there is evidence to suggest that marketing campaigns have been directly targeting youth. Suggests that the outcome may reflect the situation that now exists in the US courts. Considers that tobacco companies should adopt a social marketing strategy to avoid this fate.
US‐Chilean mirrors: shoppers in two countries
Authors: Nicholls J.A.F. , Li Fuan , Mandokovic Tomislav , Roslow Sydney , Kranendonk Carl J.
Published: July 2002

Compares the shopping behavior of Chilean consumers with those in the USA. Chilean mall visits were driven, first and foremost, by purchase; in contrast, consumers in the USA visited their mall for more diverse reasons, largely revolving around entertainment. In addition to shopping motives, our data revealed noticeable differences between the two populations in their way of selecting the mall, their shopping characteristics, and purchase patterns. In the final analysis, however, when the shoppers in Chile and the USA left their respective malls, at least four‐fifths of each group had made some kind of purchase, whatever their initial shopping motivation.
Misplaced marketing: Landmines and the misplaced marketing of destruction
Authors: Stewart Philippa A.
Published: July 2002

From a humanitarian standpoint, “antipersonnel landmines” are condemned for the indiscriminate terror they inflict on civilian populations. A functional tool of battle, landmines provide conflict between the production of a product that the military customer desires but one that does not serve the needs of humanity. Claims by component producers that they are unaware of the destination of their product demonstrates either the divorce of marketing from production or an attempt to persuade critics that ignorance allows dissociation from responsibility. Producers of components and assemblers of landmines have been named by the anti‐landmine movement. The impact of such action is likely to negatively influence the perceptions of other products produced by these companies with the results on profitability. Furthermore, the growing movement towards accountability may leave producers and assemblers at risk of litigation. It is concluded that the production of a weapon that meets the needs of the military customer but does not meet the needs of humanity is an example of misplaced marketing. Firms involved in component production or assembly are well advised to cease such operations to ensure their profitability in the future.
Misplaced marketing Read Homer Simpson’s lips: “Don’t do drugs!”
Authors: Curran Catharine M. , Richards Jef I.
Published: July 2002

Questions the US Government’s (Office of National Drug Control Policy) legislation which encouraged broadcasters to run anti‐drug story lines in their programmes. By doing so, the broadcasters were allowed to reduce the number of legally required obligations to run anti‐drug commercials. The decision was made in response to the unpopular 1997 legislation which provided $1 billion to purchase anti‐drug commercials on the stipulation that broadcasters donate one time slot for every one bought. Asserts that messages supplied in story lines have not been measured in terms of their effectiveness in persuading the audience whereas targeted commercials have. Questions the motivations of the White House.
Consumer tradeoffs in on‐line textbook purchasing
Authors: Talaga James A. , Tucci Louis A.
Published: July 2002

New forms of retailing present different pricing challenges. The selling of college textbooks over the Internet represents an ideal case study of the different elements that enter into consumer’s price equation. College students were asked to rate the likelihood of purchase of a text given different profiles of sellers and their offerings. Using conjoint analysis, estimates of consumer tradeoffs were calculated. In‐stock status at the college bookstore was the most important variable, followed by buy‐back policies/guarantees. Price of the text was the third most important variable. Implications for both bookstores and on‐line retailers are presented.
Setting Promotional Goals: A Communications′ Relationship Model
Authors: Jones David B.
Published: July 2002

Presents a communications relationship model for setting promotional
goals. The model divides promotional objectives into short, mid‐ and
long‐range goals and helps present advertising and related promotional
tools as an ongoing process. Its focus is primarily on how advertising
and related communications engineer situations and the importance of
gearing advertisements that maximize subsequent advertisements′
effectiveness. The model has multiple uses and can be used by different
advertising stakeholders such as advertising designers, sellers and
managers, as well as end users.
Consumer Response to Corporate Environmental Advertising
Authors: Davis Joel J.
Published: July 2002

An overwhelming majority of consumers have stated that their product
purchase decisions are, at least in part, influenced by their view of
the parent company′s environmental concern and image as an environmental
“good citizen”. In response to this, national and local manufacturers and
retailers have presented a variety of environmentally‐themed corporate
ads designed to improve their corporation′s environmental image.
Explores the ability of three types of corporate environmental messages
to influence consumers′ attitudes toward the corporation and the
corporation′s products.
In Pursuit of the Nomadic Viewer
Authors: Felker Kaufman Carol , Lane Paul M.
Published: July 2002

Points out that numerous studies have attempted to understand the
behavior of television viewers. Gone are the days when the entire family
gathered around the television, paying rapt attention to the
programming. Suggests that the television as “family hearth” has been
replaced, as viewers are more aptly characterized as “nomadic”, wandering
from channel to channel, from room to room, and from activity to
activity. Reports on an in‐depth study of the activities, patterns of
behavior, locations of viewing, and attitudes of everyday consumers
toward television in the 1990s. Multiple observational methods were
used, ranging from unobtrusive observation of viewing, sketches made by
viewers of their television viewing location, and focus group
interviews. Findings suggest that advertising not only competes with
other television shows for the consumer′s attention, but also competes
with a multitude of activities, interruptions, and even other
televisions within the same or adjacent rooms. Such findings pose a much
more complex picture of “cutting the clutter” than that which is
traditionally assumed; suggests managerial implications and
recommendations for further understanding the complexities of viewer
behaviors.
Strategic marketing decisions and core earnings performance:
responding to earnings‐related reductions in marketing expenditures
Authors: Tucci Louis A. , Tucker James J.
Published: July 2002

Builds on the efforts of an earlier study to enhance marketers′
ability to evaluate earnings performance accurately by first presenting
hands‐on illustrative examples of two approaches to adjusting the income
statement for earnings shocks and estimating the earnings of core
operations. Examines the impact on marketing managers of the
“fallout” that may result from changes in management
policies which are prompted by the perceptions of poor earnings
performance. This fallout includes: challenges by upper management
regarding the wisdom and effectiveness of the marketing strategy;
marketers′ reduced ability to execute the marketing plan owing to
cost‐cutting campaigns that result in reduced marketing expenditures
(e.g. advertising and sales promotion expenditures); and higher
projected rates of return (i.e. higher “hurdle rates”)
required for investment proposals before they are considered acceptable.
Concludes with the presentation of strategies which may be employed by
marketers to respond to and negotiate with upper management when policy
changes designed to cut operating and investment expenditures constrain
marketers′ ability to execute marketing strategy aggressively and
effectively.
The import of illiteracy to marketing communication
Authors: Jean Harrison‐Walker L.
Published: July 2002

Research identifies nearly 73 million adult Americans as
illiterate. Analysis of social, economic and demographic trends
indicates that the situation will worsen before it improves. Marketing
communications copy prepared at an eighth grade reading level or above
may not be comprehended by as much as one‐third of the population,
resulting in a severe loss of potential sales and excessive advertising
expense. Marketing research to date focusses on the impact of message,
source, and channel variables on consumer behavior. However, the current
“illiteracy crisis” argues that we reform our thinking ti
consider how consumer literacy should influence our message, source, and
channel determinations. Key tasks for marketers include evaluating the
clarity, readability and specificity of promotional materials;
pretesting the marketing communication on a sample of the target
audience; and carefully assessing all options available for source and
channel selection.
Using information situations to guide marketing strategy
Authors: Bloom Paul N. , Pailin James E.
Published: July 2002

Learning about whether target markets face search, experience, or
credence situations when assessing a company′s product or service can
help in formulating more effective marketing strategies. Depending on
the information situation of the targets, a company may want to vary the
information content and amount of its advertising, its use of brand
names and warranties, its emphasis on personal selling, and other
elements of its marketing program. Offers several propositions to guide
marketing decision making.
Measuring customer‐based brand equity
Authors: Lassar Walfried , Mittal Banwari , Sharma Arun
Published: July 2002

Brand equity is very important to marketers of consumer goods and
services. Brand equity facilitates in the effectiveness of brand
extensions and brand introductions. This is because consumers who trust
and display loyalty toward a brand are willing to try to adopt brand
extensions. While there have been methods to measure the financial value
of brand equity, measurement of customer‐based brand equity has been
lacking. Presents a scale to measure customer‐based brand equity. The
customer‐based brand equity scale is developed based on the five
underlying dimensions of brand equity: performance, value, social image,
trustworthiness and commitment. In empirical tests, brands that scored
higher on the customer‐based brand equity scale generally had higher
prices. Discusses the implications for managers.
A vision for the year 2000: brand asset management
Authors: Davis Scott
Published: July 2002

Illustrates the importance of managing the brand in the future,
much like managing other assets within the company (i.e. people, capital
and machinery). This requires taking a different management discipline
than has been used in the past and requires longer‐term perspectives by
management. Discusses the rationale behind adopting a brand asset
management approach to help companies maximize the long‐term value of
their brands from two perspectives: demanding consumers are forcing
companies to spend more dollars to earn greater returns, and companies,
in general, admit to not having strategies in place to maximize their
chances for getting those dollars from consumers. Findings from a recent
study point to the serious mismanagement of the brand and short‐term
focus on the brand. Shows that there are several aspects to this myopia
that need to be overcome. Shows that management ought to change its ways
and start managing its brands much more like assets – increasing
their value over time.
Reputation, learning and quality uncertainty
Authors: Ju Choi Chong , Kim Jai‐Boem
Published: July 2002

Claims that, for many types of product, quality can be uncertain even after purchase and use, especially in services industries. Asks, if consumers cannot “learn” about the quality of a firm’s products, then what criteria will consumers use to judge product quality? Aims to develop a conceptual basis for analyzing this phenomenon structured around the idea that consumers use informational “surrogates.” Explains that such surrogates in turn have to be learned by consumers and also signaled by firms. Suggests that many such surrogates are based on the idea at the heart of herding behavior where prospective buyers group with others, so that they can use choices made by others as information to support their own choices. States that, under such conditions, factors such as the “size” of a firm’s client base, or the “age” of the firm may help consumers to learn about the firm’s product quality.
The super automotive category killer: why now? What future?
Authors: Urban David J. , Hoffer George E.
Published: July 2002

While “category killers” have been a major retailing force in many product categories for nearly a generation, only recently has the concept extended to the retail used‐car market. Discusses several aspects of these “super automotive category killers (SACKs),” including why they developed in the mid‐1990s and their potential vulnerabilities. Provides managerial recommendations for existing and potential market participants.
Consumer perceptions of bonus packs: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Soo Ong Beng , Nin Ho Foo , Tripp Carolyn
Published: July 2002

Presents an account of a study which examined consumer perceptions of bonus pack offers. A bonus pack is a manufacturer’s sales promotion technique of giving the buyer an extra quantity of a product at the usual price (e.g. an extra 6 oz free; buy four, get one free). No scholarly research on bonus packs was uncovered by the literature review. Hence, this study represents, perhaps, one of the earliest scholarly works on bonus packs. The research tested two offers of VaselineIntensive Careskin lotion (one offer was of 80 percent, the other of 60 percent more free). Consumer responses ‐ their belief in the offers (quantities and prices claimed), their perceptions of the manufacturer and of the value of the deal, and their purchase intentions ‐ were measured.The measures were further analyzed by types of user (light versus heavy) and buyer (regular versus infrequent). Discusses managerial implications of the findings. For example, one finding was that bonus pack promotions lack credence. Offers suggestions on how to boost the credibility of bonus packs.
Aging consumers and their effects on the marketplace
Authors: Leventhal Richard C.
Published: July 2002

The first of approximately 77 million baby boomers turned 50 in 1996 and this signaled the start of what is to become one of the greatest marketing movements ever seen in the USA in a movement which will last some 30‐40 years and it won’t be business as usual. The older customer is selective and also very discerning. They listen, they read, they remember but, above all else, they are skeptical. One of the strongest actions that a business can do with this mature market is to create a relationship with them. To do so puts you in a position to succeed.
Biased attributions of a price increase: effects of culture and gender
Authors: Maxwell Sarah
Published: July 2002

In developing pricing strategies for the global marketplace, sellers have to consider the differences in how their consumers process information on prices. One potential difference is in attributions: whether the consumer blames the seller for a negative outcome such as a price increase. Prior research suggests that in individualistically oriented groups such as Anglos (and perhaps males), causal attributions are egocentrically biased: the cause of a negative outcome tends to be attributed to the actions of another person. In collectively oriented groups such as Hispanics (and perhaps females), the bias is much less. Empirical results, however, reveal that all groups demonstrate biased attributions of price increases. As a result, they have a less positive attitude toward the seller. The difference is that Hispanics and females generally infer that sellers have behaved in a more socially approved manner than do Anglos and males.
Misplaced marketing – A best buy in advertising: schools selling students as media audiences
Authors: Curran Catharine M.
Published: July 2002

Addresses the question of advertising to children whilst they are in school. Debates the ethical issues surrounding this new marketing strategy. Claims there is an information asymmetry in the market, as corporations are well informed of the schools’ need for revenue, yet school administrators are ill informed about the value of exclusive access to the children.
Dunkin’ Donuts – the birth of a new distribution and franchising concept
Authors: Schmidt Ruth A. , Oldfield Brenda M.
Published: July 2002

Dunkin’ Donuts is a global retailer of coffee and bakery products. The company is 99 per cent franchised and has used the franchising system as a route to market entry and expansion worldwide. The original historic roots of the company are in the USA and despite wide international expansion since the 1970s, the US market continues to serve as a testing ground for innovations prior to international roll‐out. Based on observation and key informant interviews with core members of the management team during a visit to the Richmond project in 1994, the case explores the initial phase of the introduction of a central production facility as an innovative route to pre‐eminence in one test market. Strategic and operational issues are discussed, highlighting the differences and efficiency gains of the central production facility‐cum‐satellite store approach compared to the traditional stand‐alone on‐site production approach. Implications for future developments are discussed.
Providing access to unique information sources: a reusable platform for publishing bibliographic databases on the Web
Authors: Jantz Ronald C.
Published: July 2002

The Scholarly Communication Center (SCC) within Rutgers University Libraries has launched several important digital library projects. A major objective of the SCC has been to publish unique information sources on the Web that are not likely to be published elsewhere. Publishing bibliographic databases on the Web can significantly enhance access to an original collection of research literature and further enrich the library collection. We have found that reusable technology platforms offer a special opportunity for research libraries to fill a new role. Through the platform technology and a well defined process, libraries are able quickly and effectively to publish databases on the Web.
The question of electronic journals
Authors: Rowley Jennifer
Published: July 2002

Electronic journals are an important alternative form of document delivery. Document delivery is performed by library networks and consortia, CD‐ROM suppliers, document delivery services, library suppliers and subscription agents, and electronic journal suppliers. This article reviews the general issues associated with electronic journals, and illustrates these with reference to the products and projects that are available in the UK. Subsequent to the early projects such as BLEND and Project Quartet, projects on electronic journals have been led by either publishers or consortia whose members include both major libraries and publishers. Among these projects are Ariel, EDDIS, EDIL, ADONIS, APPEAL and the UK Pilot Site Initiative. In order that electronic journals become an established option for document and information delivery, there are a number of questions that need to be answered from the perspectives both of libraries, and of the information industry. This article summarises some of these questions, and identifies some of the broader issues that will determine progress towards wide acceptance of electronic journals.
Body language, security and e‐commerce
Authors: Desmarais Norman
Published: July 2002

Security is becoming an increasingly more important concern both at the desktop level and at the network level. This article discusses several approaches to authenticating individuals through the use of biometric devices. While libraries might not implement such devices, they may appear in the near future of desktop computing, particularly for access to institutional computers or for access to sensitive information. Other approaches to computer security focus on protecting the contents of electronic transmissions and verification of individual users. After a brief overview of encryption technologies, the article examines public‐key cryptography which is getting a lot of attention in the business world in what is called public key infrastructure. It also examines other efforts, such as IBM’s Cryptolope, the Secure Sockets Layer of Web browsers, and Digital Certificates and Signatures. Secure electronic transmissions are an important condition for conducting business on the Net. These business transactions are not limited to purchase orders, invoices, and contracts. This could become an important tool for information vendors and publishers to control access to the electronic resources they license. As license negotiators and contract administrators, librarians need to be aware of what is happening in these new technologies and the impact that will have on their operations.
Measuring performance with library automated systems
Authors: OFarrell John P.
Published: July 2002

This article is based on research carried out in Liverpool John Moores University, UK. Investigates the capability of three library automated systems to generate some of the datasets necessary to form the ISO 11620 standard on performance measurement within libraries. Gives background to the standard and details how the Talis, Dynix Classic and Innopac systems can generate the datasets. Concludes that the systems are weak in generating the necessary management data.
A principled approach to selecting an automated library system
Authors: Manifold Alan
Published: July 2002

Nothing can guarantee that an automated system selection process will be successful, but adherence to a set of common‐sense principles can help in securing a successful outcome. The focus of the process has to be on the long term and must take account of the institutional context into which the system will fit. With the shift towards user empowerment, the involvement of users in the selection process is increasingly critical. The components of the selection process can be envisioned and combined in many different ways. The process used by the Purdue University Libraries serves to illustrate one way the process can play itself out.
Systems librarians and the client/server environment
Authors: Ross Mary , Marmion Dan
Published: July 2002

In an article published in the May 1997 issue of College and Research Libraries Merri Beth Lavagnino traced the history of the systems librarian and systems department in academic libraries. She identified four evolutionary stages, where Stage One was no automation and Stage Four was characterized by the effects of networking and distributed computing. Lavagnino ended her article by predicting the emergence of a fifth stage. However, she pointed out it was too early to describe that stage. This paper examines the growth of automation at two university libraries, with particular attention to the four stages described by Lavagnino. The authors then attempt to provide a more complete description of Stage Five. It seems to be an outgrowth of the distributed computing and networking components of Stage Four. New factors include a growth in digitized resources, integration of systems, and developments in client/server technology, especially as they relate to the World Wide Web. Finally, Stage Five libraries seem to have made changes in the organizational structure, reflecting a need for a technical person at the upper management level.
The German Resources Project: the promise of technology in fostering international collaboration
Authors: Brisson Roger
Published: July 2002

The American Association of Universities/Association of Research Libraries (AAU/ARL) German Resources Project was reorganized in 1998 to include formal working partnerships with German research libraries in pursuing its objective of cooperative collection development. The intent has been to make use of technological developments in telecommunications and computing in addressing the serious challenges arising from stagnant collection development budgets and rapidly rising prices of library materials. Because of their rich traditions and strong support, as well as their sharing similar aims with their American counterparts, German research libraries represent valuable international partners for ARL member libraries in fostering innovative research services for scholars. Explores the conceptual and historical background of cooperative collection development in North America, as well as of German publishing and library history, and in so doing delineates the many points of contact between American and German research libraries.
Kharagpur Electronic Library on the Internet (KELNET)
Authors: Jeevan V.K.J.
Published: July 2002

The Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur has begun developing an information facility called KELNET (Kharagpur Electronic Library on the Internet) as a means of coping with the spiralling cost of information resources and the increased demands being placed on library services. Describes the development of KELNET to date and looks at prospects for its continuation.
Planning the UNLV Lied Library
Authors: Heaton Shelley , Marks Kenneth E.
Published: July 2002

The Lied Library was planned and constructed over a ten‐year period. During this process, the library staff tried to plan for new technology by making the building as flexible as possible. Although the staff had very little technological or planning experience in the early years, they were able to successfully plan a technologically advanced building. Much of the success of this venture came by researching technology, and constant revision of plans to incorporate changes. Through careful infrastructure planning, no major changes were needed to accommodate technological upgrades. and Kenneth E. Marks
Knowledge access management at Lied Library: cataloging and Web site reengineering
Authors: Eden Brad , Bierman Kenneth J.
Published: July 2002

Examines a major departmental reorganization within UNLV’s Lied Library, using the concept of knowledge access management as its basis. The establishment of the Knowledge Access Management (KAM) Division, comprising the Cataloging Department, the Systems Department, and the Web Maintenance/Digital Projects Unit, is discussed. The Cataloging Department’s strategic vision is examined, along with an extensive description of the redesign of the new Lied Library’s Web site.
Gearing up: technologies for adventures in library learning
Authors: VanderPol Diane , Fitch Megan
Published: July 2002

Safari and travel outfitters know that, while appropriate and high quality gear is essential, it is merely a tool to facilitate the primary goal – a great adventure. Similarly, in outfitting the Lied Library Collaborative Learning Center (CLC), we chose appropriate and high quality technologies, furniture, and equipment to facilitate the primary goal of enhancing learning. In particular we wanted to build in opportunities for increased flexibility, interactivity and collaboration. This article details the rationale and processes that shaped the development of the CLC and shares our initial reactions to the resulting environment.
The ICAAP Project, Part One: a continuum of security needs for the CIC virtual electronic library
Authors: Beth Lavagnino Merri
Published: July 2002

Introduces a continuum of security needs for electronic libraries, starting from the most basic protection through to complicated encryption systems. Considers these against the specific challenges felt by the Committee on Institutional Co‐operation (CIC) such as open access resourcing and knowledge of the user. Shows how the Inter CIC Authentication and Authorisation project (ICAAP) has been set up to address these issues.
Time for new OPAC initiatives: an overview of landmarks in the literature and introduction to WordFocus
Authors: Matthews Joseph R.
Published: July 2002

Computer technology continues to evolve and improve at an astonishing rate; and the cost for most computer equipment will continue to decline over time. Now library automation software, especially software for the online public access catalog, needs to be evolving and improving. It is time for librarians individually and collectively to indicate what improvements they want to see in the “expanding OPAC”. As libraries and vendors begin to work on tomorrow’s systems, we must not lose sight of a basic element of human nature. Zipf’s “Principle of Least Effort” states that “Each individual will adopt a course of action that will involve the expenditure of the probable least average (least effort) of his work.” The time for action is now! It is time to move beyond “the same old systems” into a new era that incorporates impovements of a library’s existing databases, embraces the research results of the information‐seeking process, and makes fundamental improvements by adding new databases. Users need and deserve innovative online search systems! These new systems will, hopefully, convert the frustrated user of today’s OPAC into the eager user of tomorrow’s local library system.
Washington Public Libraries Online: Collaborating in Cyberspace
Authors: Wildin Nancy
Published: July 2002

Reports the experiences of a co‐operative effort to create the Washington State Public Library World Wide Web project which was to create a Web site for all libraries and users to access across the state. Covers the scope purpose and partner before outlining the hardware and software used and the training this necessitated. Looks at content design, graphics issues, marketing and evaluation. Suggests future development and commends the project as an example to other libraries.
How we founded LibraryLand
Authors: Kuntz Jerry
Published: July 2002

Outlines the reasons for developing LibraryLand, which provides an organized site to link the huge availability of library related sites together and attempts to convince others of the need for all libraries to have online access. Discusses the need for and design of the site and looks at future development.
HealthWeb: A Collaborative Interinstitutional Internet Project
Authors: Redman Patricia M. , Aguirre Anthony R. , Bradley Doreen R. , Savage Darin C.
Published: July 2002

Librarians at the University of Michigan have been involved in HealthWeb since its origin in late 1993. The challenges and opportunities presented by the Internet environment led to the intellectual development of this grassroots project. As the primary goal developing HealthWeb nears completion, the more than 100 librarians involved are planning enhancements for the project to build on their successful collaborative effort. This article focuses on the challenges and lessons of developing a model Internet project.
JSTOR and the University of Michigan: An Evolving Collaboration
Authors: Guthrie Kevin M.
Published: July 2002

JSTOR provides most of its programmatic services through grant relationships with universities. This brief report traces the history of JSTOR’s relationship with the University of Michigan in an attempt to illustrate the benefits of working in this collaborative way. As an independent, not‐for‐profit organization dedicated to helping the scholarly community take advantage of advances in information technologies, JSTOR is uniquely positioned to investigate many of the challenging problems facing libraries and publishers as they contemplate making transitions from traditional to electronic methods of accessing and archiving information. Originally a grant project of The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, with ten test journals and six test libraries, JSTOR now has nearly 250 paying library participants and 70 journals committed to contributing content. JSTOR’s immediate focus is on providing a trusted electronic archive of the full back runs of a minimum of 100 core journals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences by the year 2000. One of the two universities that currently receive grants from JSTOR, the University of Michigan collaboration with JSTOR has grown substantially to include preparation of materials for scanning, user help desk services, and software development.