bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal method for reliable lateral spread response monitoring during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Cho Kyung Rae , Lee Hyun-Seok , Kim Minsoo , Park Sang-Ku , PARK KWAN
Published: June 2023

Objective
Lateral spread response (LSR) is the key electrophysiological sign for successful decompression of conflict vessel at microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery for hemifacial spasm (HFS). But monitoring methods and interpretation of LSR is still unclear thus cause misinterpretation that results unwanted outcome. We suggest the optimal method to monitor LSR.
Methods
We prospectively collected data from patients undergoing MVD for HFS. Basic demographics, clinical characteristics and outcome were obtained. To find optimal range of stimulation to achieve effective LSR, we escalated stimulation intensity by 1mA stepwise. Then we compared findings of abnormal muscle response between optimal range and high intensity stimulation (30mA).
Results
As stimulation intensity increases, the latency to detect LSR was shortened. High intensity stimulation caused artifact that mimic the wave of LSR. Those artifacts were observed even after decompression thus interfere interpretation of disappearance of LSR. We found the LSR detected at latency below 9.6msec would be the lateral spreading artifact (LSA) rather than true LSR.
Conclusion
To avoid false positive LSR from LSA, we should stepwise increase stimulation intensity and not to surpass the intensity that cause LSR latency below 10msec.
Study on the arc behavior and mechanical properties of energy-efficient hybrid CMT-Pulsed gas metal arc narrow gap mild steel welds
Authors: Polamuri Sudheer Kumar , Nasina Venkaiah , Biswajyoti Basu , Deshmuk Vinay , Degala Venkata Kiran
Published: June 2023

The novel hybrid cold metal transfer (CMT) – Pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) process was used to perform the narrow gap welding of mild steel plates. A systematic approach was followed to select the working values of numerous process parameters using high-speed images of the welding arc in synchronization with the welding current and voltage. Further, emphasis was given to understanding the influence of pulse frequency on the complex arc and metal transfer behavior in the narrow gap and its subsequent effect on the side wall fusion and mechanical properties of weld joints. The root pass was deposited using CMT process, while the filling and closing passes were deposited using P-GMAW process to minimize the incomplete fusion between the layers keeping the overall heat input lower. A decrease in the narrow gap distance and an increase in the arc oscillation amplitude and welding voltage resulted in severe arc climbing over the facing surface, an inadequate fusion between the layers, and incomplete side wall fusion. Simultaneously decreasing the number of passes and welding speed engendered the overhead flow of the molten pool and hindered the heat transfer from the arc to the already deposited layer resulting in the lack of fusion. Pulse current and duration directly affect the welding arc lengths, resulting in higher welding arc deflections to the side walls in the case of lower pulse frequencies. The controlled welding arc deflections, molten metal transfer, and inter-pulse cooling displayed a noticeable effect on the mechanical properties of the weld joint.
Parasites of White-bellied Pangolins Retrieved From Trade for Conservation in South-west Nigeria
Authors: Fawole Esther O , Adeyefa Adedotun , Olapade Boluwatife B , Jarikre Theophilus , Omotosho Oladipo O , Emikpe Benjamin , Morenikeji Olajumoke A
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to determine the gastrointestinal and ectoparasites infecting white-bellied pangolins (Phataginus tricuspis) retrieved from trade in southwest Nigeria. Twenty-one (21) pangolins were screened in this study. Faecal samples were collected and analysed using centrifugal flotation and simple faecal sedimentation techniques. Ectoparasites were retrieved from under the scales and ventral parts of the animals. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with some presented as mean and standard deviations. Eighteen (18) (85.7%) pangolins were infected with parasites. Gastrointestinal parasites identified include eleven (11) helminth species (sp.) (Strongyloides sp, Habronema hamospiculatum, Enterobius sp, Trichuris sp, Ascaris sp, Dictyocaulus sp, Cooperia sp, Fasciola sp, Schistosoma sp, Chabertia sp, and Ancylostoma sp), and two protozoan species (Eimeria sp and Giardia sp). Strongyloides sp had the highest prevalence (47.6%), followed by Eimeria sp, Habronema hamospiculatum, and Cooperia sp which all had a prevalence of 38.1% each, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Ancylostoma sp, Schistosoma sp, Fasciola sp, and Dictyocaulus sp., each having 9.5%. Ticks were the only ectoparasites retrieved from the pangolins. The ticks were of three genera Amblyomma sp, Rhipicephalus sp, and Dermacentor sp with a prevalence of 47.6%, 38.1%, and 33.3%, respectively. Strongyloides sp had the highest mean intensity of infection (18.5 ± 7.35), while Habronema hamospiculatum and Ancylostoma sp had 13.0 ± 4.18 and 21.0 ± 0.0 mean intensity of infection respectively. The lowest mean intensity was recorded in Fasciola sp (2.5 ± 0.50). This study offers helpful baseline information on the gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites associated with white-bellied pangolins. This information may be used for the health management and conservation of white-bellied pangolins.
Selectively targeting BCL6 using a small molecule inhibitor is a potential therapeutic strategy for Glioblastoma
Authors: Wu Min , Zhang Lin , Guo Weikai , Lv Shiyi , Jin Wangrui , Zhu Shuangshuang , Chen Huang , Jian Shuyi , Liu Layang , Xing Yajing , Liu Mingyao , Chen Yihua , Yi Zhengfang
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain malignancy without effective treatments, and novel effective treatments are urgently needed. B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcription factor that stops cell death in response to DNA damage, primarily through repressing transcription of DNA damage response genes. Here, we identify BCL6 as a lynchpin in GBM, BCL6 expression was increased in GBM compared with normal cells and associated with GBM patients’ poor survival. Silencing of BCL6 additionally affected GBM cell proliferation and trigger cellular damage. Furthermore, we report the identification of WK499, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of BCL6. WK499 inhibited the growth of GBM cells by inhibiting BCL6 to activate p53-related signaling pathways, importantly, WK499 impeded significantly inhibition the growth of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo. meanwhile, WK499 and TMZ Combination medication significantly suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vivo and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. In summary, our findings reveal a crucial role of BCL6 in GBM and suggest BCL6 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this intractable disease.
Assessing Production-Living-Ecological Spaces and Its Urban-rural Gradients in Xiangyang City, China: Insights from Land-Use Functions Symbiosis
Authors: liu chao , Yang Qingke , Zhou fenghua , Ai Ru , Cheng long
Published: June 2023

Understanding the formation process and urban-rural landscape pattern of production-living-ecological spaces (PLES) is crucial for sustainable land-use management and adaptive city governance. However, previous studies have neglected the symbiotic relationships between land-use functions (LUFs) in identifying and optimizing PLES. To address this gap, this study proposes a technical framework for assessing PLES from a LUFs symbiosis perspective. A case study was conducted in Xiangyang City, China, to identify PLES and analyze its urban-rural differentiation using the symbiosis degree model and landscape pattern indices. Our findings revealed that the symbiotic relationships between LUFs varied, and there were 25 combination types of PLES in Xiangyang City, with significantly varied area proportions and spatial distribution. The landscape types of PLES increased, and landscape fragmentation strengthened along with the gradient change from the outer urban area (OUA) to the rural area (RA). Furthermore, we proposed a PLES optimization strategy involving LUFs symbiosis and the urban-rural gradient. Our study enriches the dimensions of PLES assessment and supports better-coordinated management, planning, and protection of PLES.
Genome-wide genetic diversity of the Common Carp Black Strain (Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis)
Authors: Sumana Sahr , Su Shengyan , Liao Yu , Zhang Chengfeng , Jing Xiaojun , Zhu Jian , Tang Yongkai , liu Wenting
Published: June 2023

The black strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. baisenensis) is known for its black skin and is one of the key strains of common carp cultured in the integrated rice-agriculture system, as well as a non-escape property under torrential floods. The common carp black strain, Huanghe carp, and Songpu carp were collected and re-sequenced for SNP-based research using three techniques. Quality control was performed, and UCSC-known genes were used to annotate genes and regions in the genome. The average raw reads of 143,920,978 were separated from the average 142,579,732 clean reads with an average effective rate of 99.07%, where the total number of SNPs was 264,39902, with 62,855 in the 1 kb upstream region and 63,553 in the 1 kb downstream region. The common carp black strain's mean Tajima D values were 3.304, compared to 2.266 for other common carp black strains. Due to mutations and the size of its population, the common carp black strain had a higher number of Tajima "D" values.
Consistent but delayed timing of precipitation affects community composition of prairie pothole birds and aquatic macroinvertebrates, but not wetland plants
Authors: Daniel Jody , Rooney Rebecca C
Published: June 2023

The hydroperiod (i.e., the length of time ponded water is present) of prairie potholes largely depend on cumulative precipitation amounts, which are sensitive to climate change. Snowmelt runoff is the largest contributor to ponded water amounts. Thus, a change in precipitation timing – where a decline in winter/spring amounts is matched with an equivalent increase in summer amounts – can affect wetland hydroperiod. Between 2014 and 2015, cumulative precipitation amounts were near equivalent; however, precipitation amounts in 2015 were higher in the summer and lower in early spring when compared to climate normals. We sought to understand whether this change in precipitation timing could result in 1) a decline in wetland hydroperiod and 2) a change in the community composition of birds, aquatic macroinvertebrates and plants. Our findings suggest a change in precipitation timing in 2015 could be tied to a decline in wetland hydroperiod. Additionally, bird and aquatic macroinvertebrate community composition changed between years. For birds, wetlands were dominated by wetland-dependent bird taxa in 2014, but by upland birds in 2015. In 2015, wetlands supported a nested subset of the macroinvertebrates present in 2014, and these were families that were either able to reproduce outside wetlands or could suspend metabolic activities under drought conditions. There was no change in the community composition of plants, and we hypothesize that this may be explained by their ability to utilize rhizomes from the previous year to survive this one-year change in their growing season.
“Effect of Organic manure, Bio-fertilizer and Nano-fertilizer on Yield and Economics of different Vegetable crops and soil nutrient status”
Authors: Kumar Anil , Singh Kapur , Sharma Shagun , Mishra J. P. , Sharmila Jeya Sundara , Kumar Yogendra , Lakshmanan Arunachalam , Singh Tarunendu , singh Shamsher , Panwar Aashish , L Sivashankari
Published: June 2023

In the era of nanotechnology, nano-fertilizers offer sustainable and profitable remedies to modern agriculture practices while restricting the use of chemical fertilizers. Nano-fertilizers have significantly contributed towards efficient and eco-friendly approaches in crop yield productivity, nutrient penetration and soil fertility. Owing to the remarkable physicochemical properties and integrated nutrient management system, the effectiveness of organic manures, Nano Nitrogen and Nano Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) in respect to the untreated field environment were compared and studied on two important crops viz. cauliflower and tomato. Standard field conditions were optimised and on-farm trials in 40 different farms of sandy loam soil were conducted by IFFCO and KVK in village Khatawali, Rewari district of Haryana, Rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22. The results of this study have clearly demonstrated the synergetic potential of organic manure, bio-fertilizer and nano-fertilizers with a rise of 12.2–15.4% yield in cauliflower and 12.6–14.9% yield in tomato. While the net return was increased by 25.8–31.7% in Cauliflower and 21.4–25.0% in Tomato as compared to T1 and T2. Extensive analysis is made on growth parameters such as the height of the plants, number of primary branches, average fruit weight that escalated the productivity of crops besides the forecast of beneficially effected economics i.e. Benefit Cost (B: C) ratio. Average data of post harvested soil indicated the enhanced organic carbon content, NPK and lowered C:N ratio that ensures on soil improvement. Hence, these findings strongly highlight the synergetic efficacy of Nano Nitrogen and Nano DAP on crop quality and net productivity.
Change in abdominal obesity after colon cancer surgery – effects of left-sided and right-sided colonic resection
Authors: Dolin Troels Gammeltoft , Nybing Janus Damm , Ali Younes Kays Mohammed , Linden Frederik Hvid , Sorensen Thorkild , Christensen Jesper Frank , Nielsen Yousef JW , Larsen Jim Stenfatt , Madsbad Sten , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Svane Maria , Lykke Jakob , Høgh-Schmidt Erik , Lehrskov Louise Lang
Published: June 2023

Background
Excess abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with metabolic diseases and poor survival in colon cancer (CC). We assessed the impact of different types of CC surgery on changes in abdominal fat depots.
Material and Methods
Computed tomography (CT)-scans performed preoperative and 3 years after CC surgery were analyzed at L3-level for VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and total adipose tissue (TAT) areas. We assessed changes in VAT, SAT, TAT and VAT/SAT ratio after 3 years and compared the changes between right-sided and left-sided resected patients in the total population and in men and women separately.
Results
A total of 134 stage I-III CC patients undergoing cancer surgery were included. Left-sided colonic resected patients had a 5% (95% CI: 2% - 9%, p<0.01) increase in abdominal VAT, a 4% (95% CI: 2% - 6%, p<0.001) increase in SAT and a 5% increase (95% CI: 2% - 7%, p<0.01) in TAT after 3 years. Right-sided colonic resected patients had no change in VAT, but a 6% (95% CI: 4% - 9%, p<0.001) increase in SAT and a 4% (95% CI: 1% - 7%, p<0.01) increase in TAT after 3 years. Stratified by sex, only males undergoing left-sided colonic resection had a significantly VAT increase of 6% (95% CI: 2% - 10%, p<0.01) after 3 years.
Conclusion
Left-sided CC resection was associated with a significant VAT increase after 3 years.
Characteristics and distribution of litter, mesolitter and microplastics in Table Bay, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Bukasa Wakuenda Alex , Awe Adetunji Ajibola , Sparks Conrad
Published: June 2023

The marine and coastal environments are facing unprecedented challenges by the presence of litter, mesolitter and microplastics. This study investigated the characteristics and distribution of litter (> 25 mm), mesolitter (5–25 mm) and microplastics (< 5 mm) in Table Bay, Cape Town. Sampling was carried out at two sites, Woodbridge Island (impact site) and Derdesteen (non-impact site) during summer and autumn of 2021. Litter and mesolitter were sampled along 100 meters of beach for 10 consecutive days, from the water’s edge to the backline. Water and sediment samples were also collected for microplastics (MPs) extraction. Plastic was the most abundant litter and mesolitter recorded, accounting for 90.22% by count and 47.98% by weight for litter, with foam (mainly polystyrene) being the most abundant plastic type found. Plastic pellets were the dominant mesolitter type while fibres were the most dominant type of MPs recorded. All three categories of contaminants (litter, mesolitter and MPs) were higher at Woodbridge Island than Derdesteen, indicating the effects of anthropogenic activities at an impact site.
Effects of silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles on selected nematode trophic groups
Authors: Dzięgielewska Magdalena , Skwiercz Andrzej , Wesołowska Anna , Kozacki Dawid , Przewodowski Włodzimierz , Kulpa Danuta
Published: June 2023

Nematodes represent different trophic groups in the soil. They therefore play an important role in the soil environment: they regulate populations of other soil organisms, mineralize nutrients into plant-available forms, provide a source of food for other soil organisms and feed on pathogenic organisms and plant pests. In contrast, plant-parasitic nematodes are important pests of crops. Nanoparticles are increasingly being used in agriculture and other production sectors. They are present in the soil, not necessarily in trace amounts, and can affect a variety of soil organisms, including nematodes. Under laboratory conditions, the effects of silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on the biological activity of selected nematode species from two trophic groups: entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae) and plant parasitic nematodes (Xiphinema diversicaudatum, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Heterodera schachtii) were studied. The plant-parasitic nematodes tested responded differently to nanoparticle solutions. The greatest sensitivity to Ag nanoparticles was observed in D. dipsaci. The best effect of Au nanoparticles was observed in H. schachtii. Lead caused a positive response in D. dipsaci, in contrast to H. schachtii, compared to the control. In contrast, X. diversicaudatum and H. baltica were not affected by Pt nanoparticles. Despite similar concentrations silver nanoparticles, compared to Au and Pt nanoparticles, had the strongest toxic effects on the infective juveniles of both EPN nematode species tested. However, during the migration of a new generation of EPN infective juveniles from a dead insect, the results were inconclusive. For H. bacteriophora, the number of IJs nematodes migrating outside the cadaver after contact with AgNP and PtNP was higher compared to the control and other nanoparticles. The results encourage field research into increasing the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode biopreparations using nanoparticles and reducing the harmfulness of plant parasitic nematodes in crops.
Effectiveness of Self-assembling Peptide (P11-4) in Conjunction With Fluoride Varnish in the Management of White Spot Lesions in Primary Teeth (Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial)
Authors: Mamdouh Claudine , Dowidar Karin ML , Soliman Reham S
Published: June 2023

Background
Sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish is considered the gold standard for the treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) in primary teeth. Biomimetic regeneration using Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4 (SAP) is an alternative approach for minimal invasive treatment of initial carious lesions. This study aimed to clinically assess the effect of P11-4 in conjunction with 5% NaF varnish versus 5% NaF varnish alone, on remineralization of WSLs in primary teeth.
Methods
Twenty-four children, aged 3 to 6 years with visible active WSLs (ICDAS II score 1–3) on primary teeth were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups. The test group was treated with Curodont™ Repair [(SAP (P11-4)] and Duraflor varnish (5%NaF), while the control group was treated with Duraflor varnish alone. Before treatment, baseline assessments were done using ICDAS II scores, Nyvad criteria for lesion activity and DIAGNOdent ™ measurements. After that the materials in both groups were applied according to the manufacture’s instructions. Patients were recalled after 3 and 6 months for lesion assessment and re-application of 5%NaF. Groups were statistically compared using Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests. Changes across time were assessed within each group using Friedman test followed by post hoc test.
Results
Intergroup comparison showed a decrease in the DIAGNOdent ™ readings with no significant difference at the 3 and 6 months follow up (P = 0.297 and 0.183 respectively). The study group showed a significant difference in the DIAGNOdent ™ readings between baseline and 6 months follow up (P = 0.009) while the control group showed no significant difference (P = 0.085). At 6 months follow up, in the study group (75%) of the WSL became inactive and in the control group (50%) became inactive with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.400). Regarding the ICDAS II scores no significant change was observed throughout the different time intervals where P = 0.368 and 0.368 respectively.
Conclusions
Self-Assembling Peptide in conjunction with 5% NaF varnish showed superior remineralization of WSLs compared to 5% NaF varnish only after 6 months follow up.
Trial registration:
the clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05721586 (10/02/2023)
Micropropagation of Ilex cassine ‘angustifolia’
Authors: Gui Qing , Zou Yiping , Zhang Donglin , Hao Mingzhuo , Yang Yujie
Published: June 2023

For mass propagation of Ilex cassine ‘angustifolia’, tissue culture was used to shorten its propagation cycle. We sterilized its nodal segments as explants and then cultured them on MS basic medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA, and placed them in the culture room for the induction and proliferation of adventitious shoots. The highest induction rate of MS medium with 6-BA 1.0 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L was used for the induction of adventitious buds in Ilex cassine ‘angustifolia’ nodal segments, reaching 80%. Buds sprouted on the 10th day, while the average value of bud length reached 1.62 cm at 30 days. The adventitious buds grew fast and robust. The best proliferation coefficient was 5.7 when explants were cultured on MS basic medium containing 6-BA mg/Land NAA 0.5 mg/L. For adventitious root induction, the adventitious shoots were transferred to MS basic medium with different concentrations of IBA and NAA. The results showed that the highest rooting rate of 98.7% was achieved when explants were cultured on MS basic medium supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg/L and IBA 1.0 mg/L, and the adventitious roots induced were thick and robust. Rooted sterile seedlings had been planted in the substrate and transferred to a greenhouse with sprinkler irrigation for further cultivation. The survival rate was about 90%.
Sub-coronary aortic root replacement post-aortic valve dehiscence: A Case Report
Authors: Divya Aabha , Mangel Tobin , Seetharaman Rakesh , Taghavi John Fouad
Published: June 2023

This is a case report of a 78-year-old male who underwent a sub-coronary aortic valve and root replacement due to valve dehiscence and aortic root pseudoaneurysm. The patient had complex anomalous coronary anatomy and had undergone a previous tissue aortic valve replacement in 2013. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged from the hospital five days later. The authors suggest that the sub-coronary root replacement technique should be considered in elderly patients and patients with complex coronary anatomy.
Conductive Glassy Non-conjugated Open-shell Radical Polymer with Organosulfur Backbone for Macroscopic Conductivity
Authors: Thi Quyen Vu , Nguyen Quynh H. , Jeon Seung-Yeol , Boudouris Bryan , Joo Yongho
Published: June 2023

Non-conjugated organic radical with open-shell radical active group exhibits unique functionality due to their radical pendant site. Compared to the previously studied doped conjugated polymer, radical polymers reveal superior processability, stability, and optical properties. Despite the success of organic radical polymer conductors based on the TEMPO radicals, it still requires the potential designing substitutions to meet the fundamental limits of charge transport in the radical polymer. To do so, we demonstrate that the amorphous, non-conjugated radical polymer with backbone-pendant group interaction and low-glass transition temperature enables the macromolecules to have rapid charge transport in the solid state, resulting in conductivity higher than 32 S m-1. This charge transport is due to the formation of the local ordered regime with energetically favored orientation caused by the strong coupling between the backbone and pedant group, which can significantly modulate the polymer packing with active electronic communications. The non-conjugate nature of radical polymer maintains the optical transparency up to 98% at 1.5 μm thick film. Thus, this effort will be a dramatically advanced model in the organic radical community for the creation of next-generation polymer conductors.
Screening for axonal retraction and cytotoxicity using dorsal root ganglia explants to treat pain caused by aberrant nerve sprouting
Authors: Lee Fei San , Nguyen Uyen N. , Munns Eliza J. , Wachs Rebecca A.
Published: June 2023

Low back pain, knee osteoarthritis and cancer patients suffer from chronic pain. Aberrant nerve growth into intervertebral disc, knee, and tumors, are common pathologies that lead to these chronic pain conditions. Retraction of nerve fibers via capsaicin (Caps) or resiniferatoxin denervation have been used to treat painful neuropathies and knee osteoarthritis but with short-term efficacy and discomfort. Herein, we propose to repurpose pyridoxine (Pyr), vincristine sulfate (Vcr) and ionomycin (Imy) as potential axonal retraction compounds for denervation. Previous literature suggests Pyr, Vcr, and Imy each have undesired axonal degeneration as an off-target effect. Thus, we performed axonal retraction phenotype screening using adult rat dorsal root ganglia explants in vitro and assessed neurotoxicity. Imy did not induce axonal retraction, while Pyr and Vcr produced robust axonal retraction within three days. All DRGs treated with Caps, Pyr, Vcr, Imy or solvent had minimal neurotoxicity. Further, neither Pyr nor Vcr triggered nucleus pulposus cell death or affected cellular metabolic activity after three days of incubation. Overall, our findings suggest Pyr and Vcr are non-cytotoxic to dorsal root ganglia and nucleus pulposus cells, and there is potential for repurposing as axonal retraction compounds for local denervation.
Transcriptome-based prediction of drugs, inhibiting cardiomyogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Cherianidou Anna , Kappenberg Franziska , Seidel Florian , Papazoglou Panagiota , Hescheler Jürgen , Leist Marcel , Hengstler Jan , Rahnenführer Jörg , Peng Luying , Acharya Aviseka , Sriniva Sureshkumar Perumal , Sachinidis Agapios
Published: June 2023

Animal studies for embryotoxicity evaluation of potential therapeutics and environmental factors are complex, costly, and time-consuming. Often, studies are not of human relevance because of species differences. In the present study, we recapitulated the process of cardiomyogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway to identify a key cardiomyogenesis gene signature that can be applied to identify compounds and/or stress factors compromising the cardiomyogenesis process. Among the 23 tested teratogens and 16 non-teratogens, we identified three retinoids including 13-cis-retinoic acid that completely block the process of cardiomyogenesis in hiPSCs. Moreover, we have identified an early gene signature consisting of 31 genes and associated biological processes that are severely affected by the retinoids. To predict the inhibitory potential of teratogens and non-teratogens in the process of cardiomyogenesis we established the “Developmental Cardiotoxicity Index” (CDI31g) that accurately differentiates teratogens and non-teratogens to do or do not affect the differentiation of hiPSCs to functional cardiomyocytes.
Effect of high doses of selenate application on melatonin synthesis, plant growth, sugar content, and reutilization efficiency of nutrition in sweet cherry
Authors: Sun Xieping , Yang Sha , Ling Min , Xiang Yuhui , Li Hongqun
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Root application of low-dose selenate does not significantly influence the melatonin content in potted sweet cherry leaves. We aimed to investigate the effects of high doses of selenate on sweet cherry plants to clarify the physiological and biochemical aspects of adaptive stress.
Methods: Different doses of 5-methoxytryptophan was foliar applied on the long branch leaves of the ‘Russia No. 8’, and the potted and field grown sweet cherry plants were treated with 0, 48, 96, 144, and 196 mg/plant. The substance content and enzyme activity involved in tryptophan metabolism were detected and the growth parameters were detected. The C, N, Se, sugar, and soluble protein contentsin mature, old, and fallen leaves in August, and in yong leaves in March of the following year.
Results: 15 mg/L of 5-methoxytryptophan significantly increased leaf melatonin content. Selenate significantly increased the melatonin content only at a dose of 96 mg/plant. Doses lower than 96 mg/plant increased plant growth parameters, whereas higher doses decreased plant growth parameter. Different leaf ages of sorbitol, amylaceum, fructose, saccharose, rhamnose, and maltose content was influenced by different Se doses treatments. With an increase in the Se dose, the leaf nitrogen content increased, and the carbon content was influenced slightly in field-cultivated trees. Conclusion: Leaf Se content was mainly distributed in mature leaves in response to low doses of Se and in old leaves in response to high doses of Se; The neat year, different Se dose also influence the leaf nutrition and sugar contents.
TGFBR1*6A enhances breast cancer development through downregulation of p27
Authors: Agyemang Kojo , Johansen Allan , Barker Grayson , Pennison Michael , Jimenez Hugo , Sheffield Kimberly , Wang Minghui , D'Agostino Ralph , Watabe Kounosuke , Cristofano Antonio di , Pasche Boris
Published: June 2023

TGFBR1*6A (rs1466445) is a common low penetrance tumor susceptibility allele with a minor allelic frequency of 0.051. Several meta-analyses show that TGFBR1*6A is associated with breast cancer risk with an OR ranging from 1.15 to 1.30. We developed a novel knockin mouse model of TGFBR1*6A to study mammary cancer development and progression in MMTVneu mice. Here we show that TGFBR1*6A accelerates tumor onset, increases the percentage of mice with tumors, and the percentage of mice with multiple tumors. Age at tumor onset, tumor formation, and tumor multiplicity depend on TGFBR1*6A allelic dosage. Functional characterization shows that TGFBR1*6A confers higher tumor growth and clonogenicity and enhances G0/G1 cell cycle progression through downregulation of p27. These findings establish TGFBR1*6A as a potent modifier of breast cancer development and progression, which may affect more than 10% of patients with breast cancer.
The impact of time interval on prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases after metastases surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zhi , Chen Haibin , Jin Tao , Sun Liang , Li Liwen , Zhang Shuyuan , Wu Bin , Jin Kai , Zou Yangfan , Xia Liang , Sun Caixing
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and frequently gives rise to brain metastases (BM), which significantly worsen patient prognosis. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with overall survival (OS) following non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BM) surgery and to assess the impact of treatment timing on OS.
Methods
We analyzed data from 74 patients (2011–2021) who underwent BM surgery at our institution. The relationship between various clinical, radiological, and histopathological factors, as well as time intervals (TI) and OS, was examined.
Results
The median TI was 19 months (range: 9–36 months). Shorter TI < 23 months (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.03–8.02, p = 0.045), age ≥ 60 years at BM diagnosis (aOR 2.51, 95%CI 1.07–5.92, p = 0.035), initial M stage of lung cancer as M1 (aOR 2.80, 95%CI 1.04–7.59, p = 0.043), postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for BM (aOR 0.50, 95%CI 0.25–0.99, p = 0.047), and molecular targeted therapy after BM (aOR 0.15, 95%CI 0.06–0.35, p = 0.015) were independently factors associated with OS after brain metastases surgery. Late-onset BM (TI ≥ 36 months) was observed in 15 cases (20.3%), and it was independently associated with an age at lung cancer diagnosis of ≥ 60 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR 7.24, 95%CI 1.59–32.95, p = 0.011] ,targeted therapy (aOR 2.27, 95%CI 1.70–3.03, p༜0.001)and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (aOR 6.46, 95%CI 1.52–27.43, p = 0.011).
Conclusions
Multiple factors impact the TI between NSCLC and BM. The occurrence of brain metastases (BM) within 23 months after a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was independently associated with a worse prognosis following BM surgery. In NSCLC patients aged 60 years or older who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, there was an increased likelihood of developing brain metastases (BM) after a long progression-free survival period. Additionally, postoperative patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer should undergo genetic testing to determine the need for targeted molecular therapy. These findings highlight the importance of careful follow-up and consideration of targeted therapy to potentially prolong the survival of these patients.
Peer support interventions in maternal and child healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a realist review
Authors: Dugle Gordon , Antwi John , Quentin Wilm
Published: June 2023

Background
Peer support has been proposed as a promising policy intervention for addressing adverse maternal and child healthcare (MCH) outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Existing reviews on peer support largely draw on evidence from high-income countries or focus on single services like breastfeeding, nutrition or postnatal care. In contrast, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the empirical literature on peer support interventions across various MCH services in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, we aim to understand how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances different forms of MCH peer support interventions contribute to improving healthcare outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods
Our realist review methodology involves various iterative processes of search, appraisal, selection and synthesis of the literature. Four databases–Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE–were repeatedly searched between March and June 2021. From a large volume of records retrieved from the database and citation search, 61 papers have been selected for review. We will conduct a second search of the same database covering June 2021 to the present before the final extraction and synthesis. The final list of selected papers will be imported into NVivo 12 software and organised, extracted, analysed and synthesised iteratively to examine and illustrate the causal links between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of MCH peer support interventions in SSA.
Discussion
The review will develop an explicit theory of peer support intervention in healthcare delivery and provide insights for developing evidence-informed policy on the intervention. Drawing lessons from the different national contexts and diverse areas of MCH in SSA, the review will provide an analytically generalizable programme theory that can guide intervention design and implementation. While focusing on MCH peer support interventions in SSA, the review contributes to evolving conversations on the use of theory for health policy planning and complex intervention design and implementation globally.
Systematic review registration: Submitted in PROSPERO (18/05/2023)
Evaluation of Experiences of the Patients Discharged from the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Torun Serap , Bulmuş Esra , Bilgin Osman
Published: June 2023

Background
Making arrangements by learning how intensive care patients feel due to a disease called as fatal worldwide can make it easier for patients to cope with the disease. For this reason, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand the patients who have been infected and discharged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences of the patients may affect the perspective of the disease and cause different changes in the perception of it. This study, which was conducted based on this idea, aimed to examine the intensive care experiences of patients discharged from the COVID-19 intensive care unit.
Method
This study used a phenomenological qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview form was used to interview 23 patients discharged from the COVID-19 intensive care unit. The findings were reported on the basis of consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.
Findings:
In line with the data obtained from the interviews, five main themes and eight subthemes were created. The main themes were classified as emotional expressions (positive/negative) related to intensive care experience, coping methods, care experiences (respiration, nutrition, excretion and privacy, sleep, communication) and analogies for COVID-19 and nurses.
Conclusion
In this study, the participants experienced negative emotions such as fear of death/anxiety, sadness, loneliness, and helplessness during their intensive care experiences. Most of them stated that they tried to cope with prayer and communication. The participants compared COVID-19with deadly and respiratory-inhibiting tools and diseases. They expressed difficulties in breathing, nutrition, excretion and privacy, sleep and communication related to the care provided. In this process, they made positive analogies for the nurses who spent the most time with them, such as angels and family members.
DNA methylation difference in the liver of a fish with female-biased sexual-size dimorphism, Ancherythroculter nigrocauda
Authors: SUN Yanhong , HU Zhen , LI Qing , CHEN Jian , LI Pei , WEI Huijie , SONG Xinhua , FU Beide , WANG Guiying
Published: June 2023

Methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications in fishes. However, difference of methylation profiles about fish with sexual-size dimorphism (SSD) is really rear. In this study, we used Methyl-RAD to study the methylation profile in the liver of fish with female-biased SSD, Ancherythroculter nigrocauda. In total, we found 6,83 million methylated cytosine in the whole genome and 4.12 million of them were present in at least 5 samples. We also found the average methylation level for female liver was significantly higher than that of male samples (p = 0.03175). And 1,137 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified, many of which were growth-rate related. These DMGs were enriched in several GO catalogs, such as fatty acid synthase activity (GO:0004312), insulin-like growth factor I binding (GO:0031994), and swimming behavior (GO:0036269). The results in this study provided more insights about the epigenetic role of DNA methylation on growth-related genes’ regulation.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions on Influenza During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic by Time-series Forecasting
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyung , Min Kyung-Duk , Cho Sung-il
Published: June 2023

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in South Korea during the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. The social distancing measures, as effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), adopted to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 might have influenced influenza activity. We evaluated IFV(influenza virus) activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of NPI intensity on influenza transmission.
Methods
IFV activity and epidemic duration during COVID-19 pandemic were predicted under a counterfactual scenario with no NPIs against COVID-19. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model was used to quantify the effects of NPIs on the transmission of influenza virus. Influenza-like illness/1000 outpatients and IFV positivity rate from the 2011–2012 to 2021–2022 seasons were used in this study.
Results
Comparison of the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 seasonal influenza activities with those in 2013–2019 showed that COVID-19 outbreaks and associated NPIs such as face mask use, school closures, and travel restrictions reduced the influenza incidence by 91%. Without NPIs against COVID-19, the rates of influenza-like illness and influenza virus positivity would have been high during the influenza epidemic season, as in previous seasons. NPI intensity decreased the transmission of influenza; the magnitude of the reduction increased as the intensity of social-distancing measures increased (step-by-step daily recovery, 58.10%; special quarantine measures, 95.12%).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that NPIs and personal hygiene can be used to suppress influenza transmission. NPIs against COVID-19 may be useful strategies for the prevention and control of influenza epidemics.
Collateral Status Combined with Preprocedural SII predicts the risk of futile recanalization in acute BAO patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Yao-Wu , Muhammad Bilal , Yuan Qi-Yang , Li Shuo , Yang Jin-Jin , Du Bo , Cheng Yan-Bo , Mu Ying-Feng , Zhu Shi-Guang , Geng De-qin
Published: June 2023

Background:Endovascular therapy (EVT) that might improve the outcome of patients with acute basilar artery occlusion remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate functional outcomes at 3 months after endovascular therapy in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) and to predict the futile recanalization.
Methods:The clinical data of acute basilar artery occlusion patients treated with endovascular therapy was collected from January 2019 to October 2022. Using the angiographic collateral grading system for basilar artery occlusion (ACGS-BAO) to evaluate collateral status. Futile recanalization was deﬁned as an mRS score of 3-6 at 3 months. Association of ACGS-BAO and the preprocedural SII with futile recanalization was analyzed using logistic regression models.
Results:The analysis of acute basilar artery occlusion patients showed that 47(64.38%) developed futile recanalization and 23(31.5%) died of 73 patients. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that ACGS-BAO (OR= 0.281, 95% CI = 0.132-0.600) and ln(SII) (OR= 2.482, 95% CI = 1.308-4.707) were independently associated with futile recanalization. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve for ACGS-BAO and SII were 0.737 and 0.703 (95% CI= 0.617-0.857, P＝0.001 and 95% CI=0.582-0.824, P=0.001), respectively. The effects of ACGS-BAO and ln(SII) on futile recanalization were similar in all subgroups (P> 0.10 for all interactions).
Conclusion: Our study suggested that bad collateral status and high inflammatory levels are independent predictors of futile recanalization after endovascular treatment in patients with ABAO.
Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Southern Vietnam in 2020-2021
Authors: Gladkikh Anna S. , Cao Thang M. , Klyuchnikova Ekaterina O. , Dao Manh H. , Sharova Alena A. , Melnichenko Vasilina D. , Popova Margarita R. , Arbuzova Tatiana V. , Sbarzaglia Valeriya A. , Tsyganova Nadezhda A. , Ramsay Edward , Dedkov Vladimir G.
Published: June 2023

Background
Since its beginnings in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still a problem of global medical concern. Southern Vietnam is one of the country's vast regions, including 20 provinces and the densely populated metropolis Ho Chi Minh City. The study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of COVID-19, including whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 samples from Southern Vietnam, during the period January 2020 to December 2021 for identification of the main circulating variants.
Methods
Epidemiological data were obtained from the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. To identify circulating variants, RNA, extracted from 126 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with suspected COVID-19 were sequenced on Illunina MiSeq to obtain near complete genomes SARS-CoV-2.
Results
Due to the effectiveness of restrictive measures in Vietnam, it was possible to keep incidence at a low level. The partial relaxation of restrictive measures, and the spread of Delta lineages, contributed to the beginning of a logarithmic increase in incidence. Lineages 20A-H circulated in Southern Vietnam during 2020. Spread of the Delta lineage in Southern Vietnam began in March 2021, causing a logarithmic rise in the number of COVID-19 cases.
Conclusions
Pandemic dynamics in Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these reflect the success of the restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic.
Left with a Sisyphean task – the experiences of nurse practitioners with treating non-suicidal self-injury in the emergency department: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Roed Kickan , Brauner Cecilie Rostrup , Yigzaw Senayt , Midtgaard Julie
Published: June 2023

Background
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent phenomenon in somatic emergency departments, where nurses are the most consistent group of healthcare professionals who treat people with NSSI, which means they may affect the NSSI trajectory and help-seeking in the future. The objective of this study was to describe the experiences of nurse practitioners with treatment of people presenting with NSSI in the emergency department.
Methods
Individual, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with seventeen purposefully recruited nurse practitioners from three emergency departments in the Capital Region of Denmark. Interview transcripts were analysed using inductive content analysis, as described by Graneheim and Lundman.
Results
The manifest content analysis resulted in the formulation of three categories and 10 subcategories indicating that nurse practitioners feel confident and competent in treating physical injuries due to NSSI but insecure about how to provide adequate care and engage in conversations about NSSI and mental wellbeing with people with NSSI. The underlying meaning of the content was interpreted and formulated as the latent theme 'Left with a Sisyphean task’, which reflects the nurses’ feeling of being handed the responsibility for performing a laborious, never-ending, and futile task.
Conclusion
Providing nurse practitioners with training and guidelines specifically tailored to NSSI to direct their decision making and enhance their confidence in their interactions with people with NSSI appears warranted.