bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcomes of Intravesical Botulinum Toxin A Injections on Patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Yu Wan-Ru , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Jhang Jia-Fong , Chang Wei-Chuan , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: December 2022

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is effective in reducing bladder hypersensitivity and increasing capacity through the effects of anti-inflammation in the bladder urothelium; however, studies on the treatment outcome of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) are lacking. We investigated the treatment outcome in IC/BPS patients receiving intravesical BoNT-A injections. This retrospective study included IC/BPS patients who had 100U BoNT-A intravesical injections in the past 20 years. The treatment outcomes at 6 months following the BoNT-A treatment were evaluated using the global response assessment (GRA) scale. The treatment outcomes according to the GRA scale include clinical symptoms, urodynamic parameters, cystoscopic characteristics, and urinary biomarkers, and it was these predictive factors for achieving satisfactory outcomes which were investigated. Among the 220 enrolled patients (180 women, 40 men) receiving BoNT-A injections, only 87 (40%) had significantly satisfactory treatment outcomes. The satisfactory group showed significantly larger voided volumes, and lower levels of both the urinary inflammatory protein MCP-1 and the oxidative stress biomarker 8-isoprostane in comparison to the unsatisfactory group. The IC severity and detrusor pressure are predictive factors of BoNT-A treatment outcomes. IC/BPS patients with less bladder inflammation showed satisfactory outcomes with intravesical BoNT-A injections. Patients with severe bladder inflammation might require more intravesical BoNT-A injections to achieve a satisfactory outcome.
Identification and Characterization of Cell Lines HepG2, Hep3B217 and SNU387 as Models for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Lv Lilei , Luo Huaye , Yu Lingxue , Tong Wu , Jiang Yifeng , Li Guoxin , Tong Guangzhi , Li Yanhua , Liu Changlong
Published: December 2022

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genera alphacoronavirus, causes acute watery diarrhea and dehydration in suckling piglets and results in enormous economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Identification and characterization of different cell lines are not only invaluable for PEDV entry and replication studies but also important for the development of various types of biological pharmaceuticals against PEDV. In this study, we present an approach to identify suitable permissive cell lines for PEDV research. Human cell lines were screened for a high correlation coefficient with the established PEDV infection model Huh7 based on RNA-seq data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). Experimentally testing permissiveness towards PEDV infection, three highly permissive human cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B217, and SNU387 were identified. The replication kinetics of PEDV in HepG2, Hep3B217, and SNU387 cells were similar to that in Vero and Huh7 cells. Additionally, the transcriptomes analysis showed robust induction of transcripts associated with the innate immune in response to PEDV infection in all three cell lines, including hundreds of inflammatory cytokine and interferon genes. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and interferons were confirmed by qPCR assay. Our findings indicate that HepG2, Hep3B217, and SNU387 are suitable cell lines for PEDV replication and innate immune response studies.
Using CSF Proteomics to Investigate Herpesvirus Infections of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Ahmed Saima , van Zalm Patrick , Rudmann Emily A. , Leone Michael , Keller Kiana , Branda John A. , Steen Judith , Mukerji Shibani S. , Steen Hanno
Published: December 2022

Herpesviruses have complex mechanisms enabling infection of the human CNS and evasion of the immune system, allowing for indefinite latency in the host. Herpesvirus infections can cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we provide a novel characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomes from patients with meningitis or encephalitis caused by human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which is the most prevalent human herpesvirus associated with the most severe morbidity. The CSF proteome was compared with those from patients with meningitis or encephalitis due to human herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV, also known as human herpesvirus 3) infections. Virus-specific differences in CSF proteomes, most notably elevated 14-3-3 family proteins and calprotectin (i.e., S100-A8 and S100-A9), were observed in HSV-1 compared to HSV-2 and VZV samples, while metabolic pathways related to cellular and small molecule metabolism were downregulated in HSV-1 infection. Our analyses show the feasibility of developing CNS proteomic signatures of the host response in alpha herpes infections, which is paramount for targeted studies investigating the pathophysiology driving virus-associated neurological disorders, developing biomarkers of morbidity, and generating personalized therapeutic strategies.
Enhanced Arbovirus Surveillance with High-Throughput Metatranscriptomic Processing of Field-Collected Mosquitoes
Authors: Batovska Jana , Mee Peter T. , Sawbridge Tim I. , Rodoni Brendan C. , Lynch Stacey E.
Published: December 2022

Surveillance programs are essential for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviruses that cause serious human and animal diseases. Viral metatranscriptomic sequencing can enhance surveillance by enabling untargeted, high-throughput arbovirus detection. We used metatranscriptomic sequencing to screen field-collected mosquitoes for arboviruses to better understand how metatranscriptomics can be utilised in routine surveillance. Following a significant flood event in 2016, more than 56,000 mosquitoes were collected over seven weeks from field traps set up in Victoria, Australia. The traps were split into samples of 1000 mosquitoes or less and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq. Five arboviruses relevant to public health (Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Trubanaman virus, Umatilla virus, and Wongorr virus) were detected a total of 33 times in the metatranscriptomic data, with 94% confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Analysis of metatranscriptomic cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences enabled the detection of 12 mosquito and two biting midge species. Screening of the same traps by an established public health arbovirus surveillance program corroborated the metatranscriptomic arbovirus and mosquito species detections. Assembly of genome sequences from the metatranscriptomic data also led to the detection of 51 insect-specific viruses, both known and previously undescribed, and allowed phylogenetic comparison to past strains. We have demonstrated how metatranscriptomics can enhance surveillance by enabling untargeted arbovirus detection, providing genomic epidemiological data, and simultaneously identifying vector species from large, unsorted mosquito traps.
Clinical Application of Detecting COVID-19 Risks: A Natural Language Processing Approach
Authors: Bashir Syed Raza , Raza Shaina , Kocaman Veysel , Qamar Urooj
Published: December 2022

The clinical application of detecting COVID-19 factors is a challenging task. The existing named entity recognition models are usually trained on a limited set of named entities. Besides clinical, the non-clinical factors, such as social determinant of health (SDoH), are also important to study the infectious disease. In this paper, we propose a generalizable machine learning approach that improves on previous efforts by recognizing a large number of clinical risk factors and SDoH. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the subtle combination of a number of deep neural networks, including the BiLSTM-CNN-CRF method and a transformer-based embedding layer. Experimental results on a cohort of COVID-19 data prepared from PubMed articles show the superiority of the proposed approach. When compared to other methods, the proposed approach achieves a performance gain of about 1–5% in terms of macro- and micro-average F1 scores. Clinical practitioners and researchers can use this approach to obtain accurate information regarding clinical risks and SDoH factors, and use this pipeline as a tool to end the pandemic or to prepare for future pandemics.
Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in HCV-Induced Carcinogenesis
Authors: Heredia-Torres Tania Guadalupe , Rincón-Sánchez Ana Rosa , Lozano-Sepúlveda Sonia Amelia , Galan-Huerta Kame , Arellanos-Soto Daniel , García-Hernández Marisela , Garza-Juarez Aurora de Jesús , Rivas-Estilla Ana María
Published: December 2022

Cancer induced by a viral infection is among the leading causes of cancer. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic oncogenic positive-sense RNA virus that leads to chronic infection, exposing the liver to a continuous process of damage and regeneration and promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The virus promotes the development of carcinogenesis through indirect and direct molecular mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis, genetic alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) showed sustained virologic response in 95% of cases. Nevertheless, patients treated with DAAs have reported an unexpected increase in the early incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies suggest that HCV induces epigenetic regulation through non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling, which modify gene expressions and induce genomic instability related to HCC development that persists with the infection’s clearance. The need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of carcinogenesis is evident. The aim of this review was to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the development of carcinogenesis before, during, and after the viral infection’s resolution, and how these pathways were regulated by the virus, to find control points that can be used as potential therapeutic targets.
Bayesian Molecular Dating Analyses Combined with Mutational Profiling Suggest an Independent Origin and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Sub-Lineages
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kaushik Rahul , Singh Ashutosh , Uversky Vladimir N. , Zhang Kam Y. J. , Sahu Upasana , Bhatia Sandeep , Sanyal Aniket
Published: December 2022

The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the recent emergence of a highly divergent variant of concern (VOC) defined as Omicron or B.1.1.529. This VOC is of particular concern because it has the potential to evade most therapeutic antibodies and has undergone a sustained genetic evolution, resulting in the emergence of five distinct sub-lineages. However, the evolutionary dynamics of the initially identified Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages remain poorly understood. Herein, we combined Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, mutational profiling, and selection pressure analysis to track the virus’s genetic changes that drive the early evolutionary dynamics of the Omicron. Based on the Omicron dataset chosen for the improved temporal signals and sampled globally between November 2021 and January 2022, the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and substitution rates for BA.1 were estimated to be that of 18 September 2021 (95% highest posterior density (HPD), 4 August–22 October 2021) and 1.435 × 10−3 (95% HPD  =  1.021 × 10−3 − 1.869 × 10−3) substitution/site/year, respectively, whereas 3 November 2021 (95% highest posterior density (HPD) 26 September–28 November 2021) and 1.074 × 10−3 (95% HPD  =  6.444 × 10−4 − 1.586 × 10−3) substitution/site/year were estimated for the BA.2 sub-lineage. The findings of this study suggest that the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages originated independently and evolved over time. Furthermore, we identified multiple sites in the spike protein undergoing continued diversifying selection that may alter the neutralization profile of BA.1. This study sheds light on the ongoing global genomic surveillance and Bayesian molecular dating analyses to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of the virus and, as a result, mitigate the impact of emerging variants on public health.
Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress Responses in Different Phyla of Animals in Coastal Water via Changing in Salinity
Authors: Bal Abhipsa , Panda Falguni , Pati Samar Gourav , Anwar Taslima Nasim , Das Kajari , Paital Biswaranjan
Published: December 2022

Salinity is a decisive abiotic factor that modulates the physiology of aquatic organisms. Salinity itself is modulated by various factors—most notably by anthropogenic factors. In coastal regions, increasing salinity is observed mostly due to the elevated rate of evaporation under high temperatures, especially under global warming. In addition, many other anthropogenic factors, climatic factors, chemicals, etc., also contribute to the changes in salinity in coastal water. Some of these include rainfall, regional warming, precipitation, moisture, thermohaline circulation, gaseous pollutants, dissolved chemicals, wind flow, and biocrusts. Salinity has been found to regulate the osmotic balance and, thus, can directly or indirectly influence the biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) in aquatic organisms. Imbalances in OS potentially affect the growth, production, and reproduction of organisms; therefore, they are being studied in organisms of economic or aquacultural importance. Salinity-modulated OS and redox regulation as a function of phylum are covered in this review. The literature from 1960 to 2021 indicates that the altered OS physiology under changing salinity or in combination with other (anthropogenic) factors is species-specific, even within a particular phylum. Thus, knowing the response mechanisms of such organisms to salinity may be useful for the management of specific aquatic animals or their habitats.
Simulation Feedback of Temperature Field of Super-High Arch Dam during Operation and Its Difference with Design Temperature
Authors: Hou Chunyao , Chai Dong , Cheng Heng , Ning Shaoqing , Yang Bo , Zhou Yi
Published: December 2022

Temperature is one of the main loads of super-high arch dams. (1) Background: a super-high arch dam in southwest China was taken as an example in this paper and the temporal-spatial evolution law of dam temperature was analyzed based on the monitoring data. (2) Methods: the finite element simulation analysis method was adopted to invert the boundary conditions of temperature on the upstream surface and the thermal parameters of the concrete, and the temperature evolution process of the arch dam in long-term operation was simulated and analyzed. After the distribution characteristics of the designed reservoir water temperature and the actual reservoir water temperature were compared, the difference in the temperature field of the arch dam during the impoundment and operation under the designed and actual conditions was studied. (3) Results: the temporal-spatial evolution law of the temperature in the dam operation period accords with the conventional knowledge, and the calculated value through simulation feedback is in good agreement with the monitoring value, which can reflect the actual temperature field distribution of the dam. (4) Conclusions: under the design condition, the dam temperature rose slowly after closure grouting and then tended to be stable. Under the actual condition, the temperature rose by 7.1~9.2 °C after closure grouting, reached the highest temperature in about 8~12 years, and fell back to a stable temperature in 40~80 years.
Comparative Study of Coupling Models of Feature Selection Methods and Machine Learning Techniques for Predicting Monthly Reservoir Inflow
Authors: Weekaew Jakkarin , Ditthakit Pakorn , Pham Quoc Bao , Kittiphattanabawon Nichnan , Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy
Published: December 2022

Effective reservoir operation under the effects of climate change is immensely challenging. The accuracy of reservoir inflow forecasting is one of the essential factors supporting reservoir operations. This study aimed to investigate coupling models of feature selection (FS) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the monthly reservoir inflow. The study was carried out using data from the Huai Nam Sai reservoir in southern Thailand. Eighteen years of monthly recorded data (i.e., reservoir inflow, reservoir storage, rainfall, and regional climate indices) with up to a 12-month time lag were utilized. Three ML techniques, i.e., multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN)were compared in their capabilities. In addition, two FS techniques, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA) and backward elimination (BE) methods, were studied with four predictable time intervals, consisting of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months in advance. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for model evaluation. Study results revealed that FS methods (i.e., GA and BE) Could improve the performance of SVR and ANN for predicting monthly reservoir inflow forecasting, but they have no effects on MLR. Different developed forecasting models were suitable for different reservoir inflow forecasting time-step-ahead. BE-ANN provided the best performance for three-time-ahead (T + 3) and nine-time-ahead (T + 9) by giving an OI of 0.9885 and 0.8818, NSE of 0.9546 and 0.9815, RMSE of 1.3155 and 1.2172 MCM/month, MAE of 0.9568 and 0.9644 MCM/month, and r of 0.9796 and 0.9804, respectively. The GA-ANN model showed the highest prediction accuracy for six-time-ahead (T + 6), with an OI of 0.8997, NSE of 0.9407, RMSE of 2.1699 MCM/month, MAE of 1.7549 MCM/month, and r of 0.9759. The ANN model showed the best prediction accuracy for twelve-time-ahead (T + 12), with an OI of 0.9515, NSE of 0.9835, RMSE of 1.1613 MCM/month, MAE of 0.9273 MCM/month, and r of 0.9835.
Molecular Responses Mechanism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to Cadmium Stress
Authors: Ruan Gang , Mi Wujuan , Yin Xuwang , Song Gaofei , Bi Yonghong
Published: December 2022

Cadmium is one of the major heavy metal pollutants in the environment. However, the toxicity targets and response mechanisms in photosynthetic organisms to cadmium are lacking. This study explored the physiological response of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to cadmium stress; the toxicity targets and the resistance mechanism were screened. The results showed that cadmium led to an increase in reactive oxygen species content, superoxide dismutase activity, and the lipid peroxidation level, which damaged the cell’s photosynthesis and ultrastructure. The cross-omics analysis found 1073 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which only 84 genes had the same expression trend at the mRNA and protein levels. The bioinformatics analysis found that the toxic effects of cadmium were inhibiting the expression of the proteins for the photosynthesis-antenna, photosynthesis, and ribosome pathway. The cell’s response included the upregulation of proteins related to the two-component system, biosynthesis, and ABC transporter pathway. The study confirmed that the target sites of cadmium were chlorophyll a synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport chains, and ribosomes; the response mechanism to cadmium toxicity was the upregulation of the ABC transporter pathway and its protein expression. This study provides evidence to obtain insight into the toxicity targets and molecular response mechanism of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to cadmium stress.
Application of the Human Viral Surrogate Pepper Mild Mottle Virus for Wastewater Fecal Pollution Management
Authors: Maniah Khalid , Nour Islam , Hanif Atif , Yassin Mohamed Taha , Alkathiri Abdulrahman , Alharbi Yazeed , Alotaibi Riyadh , Al-Anazi Abdullah E. , Eifan Saleh
Published: December 2022

Global water scarcity has led to significant dependence on reclaimed or recycled water for potable uses. Effluents arising from human and animal gut microbiomes highly influence water quality. Wastewater pollution is, therefore, frequently monitored using bacterial indicators (BI). However, threats to public health arise from the frequent incidence of wastewater-mediated viral infections–undetected by BI. Moreover, the enteric viromes contaminating wastewater are characterized by high abundance, genetic diversity and persistence in various water environments. Furthermore, humans usually suffer a minimum of a single acute diarrheal episode over their lifetime arising from extraneously acquired enteric microbiomes. A wide range of management methods are employed—in particular, microbial source tracking (MST) approaches to confront infections arising from exposure to contaminated wastewater. This review elaborates the viral contamination of treated wastewater and associated public health issues. Latterly, we discuss the various management strategies of wastewater pollution using conventional fecal indicators, viral indicators and human viral surrogates, with particular interest in the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). Globally, PMMoV has been detected in rivers, aquifers, irrigation systems, and coastal and marine waters at high prevalence rates and concentrations greater than 105 genome copies per liter (gc/L). PMMoV was also found in almost all untreated wastewater environments. PMMoV concentrations in wastewater vary from 103 to 107 gc/L. These values are more than the maximum recorded viral indicator concentrations in wastewater for other proposed indicators. Limited variability in the daily concentrations of PMMoV in fecal wastewater has been studied, with an estimated average concentration of 105 gc/L with insignificant seasonal variability. The information summarized in this article offers fundamental knowledge for decision making in terms of defining the suitability criteria of candidate fecal indicators, risk assessment application and efficient wastewater management.
Ethohydraulic Experiments Investigating Retention Rates of an Electrified Bar Rack
Authors: Haug Jonas , Frees Calvin , Brinkmeier Barbara , Aufleger Markus
Published: December 2022

Bar racks at water intakes of hydropower plants serve mainly to protect the turbines from floating debris. Additionally, they can be utilized to protect downstream migrating fish in order to prevent a potentially harmful turbine passage. The Bar Rack FishProtector consists of a common bar rack equipped with electrodes mounted on the upstream side of the bars. The application of a low voltage current at the electrodes creates an electric field in the water which is actively avoided by fish. Thus, a hybrid barrier consisting of a mechanical barrier and a behavioral barrier is formed. An unscaled model of a Bar Rack FishProtector (bar spacing sb = 50 mm, bar thickness tb = 20 mm) was used in field experiments to investigate the retention rate in an experimental setup with only one possible migration route (downstream, rack passage) and an average flow velocity of 0.43 m/s. Ethohydraulic experiments were performed with three indicator species barbel (Barbus barbus), bream (Abramis brama) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) and additionally perch (Perca fluviatilis) in selected trials. The twelve trials included four reference trials without electric field present (Nday = 2, Nnight = 2) and eight trials with electric field (Nday = 6, Nnight = 2). The results show that the experimental retention rate could be increased significantly by the application of an electrical field during the night and during the day with an even more pronounced effect during the night. The differences between the functionality of the system during the day and at night as well as other influencing parameters are discussed. No significant influence of the applied voltage on the electrodes or significant influence of fish size could be identified.
Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism for Mainstream and Branches Based on Stochastic Evolutionary Game: A Case of the Middle Yellow River
Authors: Liu Ying , Jiang Enhui , Qu Bo , Zhu Yongwei , Liu Chang
Published: December 2022

Establishment of a watershed ecological compensation mechanism between multiple subjects is an effective means to realize the collaborative governance of water pollution and maintain the security of water ecology. This paper breaks through the conventional upstream and downstream perspectives of watershed ecological compensation design research and combines them with uncertainty factors. The watershed ecological compensation mechanism for the mainstream and branches was established based on the evolutionary game and the random process. Then, taking the midstream of the Yellow River as an example, some constraint conditions and influencing factors were explored. Results show that: (1) The branch government (i.e., the Shanxi provincial government) is the key to establishing an ecological compensation mechanism between the river mainstream and branches. (2) The proportion of pollution transferred by other branches, the initial probability and the random factors are the main factors affecting the decision-making of branch governments (Shanxi and Shaanxi provincial governments). (3) The compensation and reward of the mainstream government to the branch government and the compensation of the branch government to the mainstream government are the main factors affecting the decision-making of mainstream and branch governments (Shanxi–Henan provincial governments, Shaanxi–Henan provincial governments). The study may provide scientific guidance for the construction of a watershed ecological compensation mechanism between mainstream and multiple branches.
Genesis Mechanisms of Geothermal Resources in Mangkang Geothermal Field, Tibet, China: Evidence from Hydrochemical Characteristics of Geothermal Water
Authors: Liao Yuzhong , Liu Yanguang , Wang Guiling , Li Tingxin , Liu Feng , Wei Shuaichao , Yan Xiaoxue , Gan Haonan , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

The Mangkang geothermal field, distributed in the Mediterranean–Himalayas geothermal belt, hosts abundant hot springs whose geneses remain unclear. To determine the hydrochemical characteristics, reservoir temperature, circulation and recharge depths, and water–rock interactions of the geothermal water in the geothermal field, this study analyzed hydrochemical compositions and isotopes (2H, 3H, and 18O), conducted a PHREEQC simulation, and established a conceptual model to illustrate the genesis of geothermal resources in the Mangkang field. Based on the study of hot springs in Meipu, Qvzika, and Zulongpu villages and Rumei town, the following results are reported: The orifice temperatures of these hot springs vary between 18 °C and 67.5 °C. The hydrochemical composition analysis results indicate that the geothermal water in the hot springs is of hydrochemical type HCO3-Ca·Mg. Moreover, the geothermal water has high HBO2 and Na+ concentrations, suggesting protracted water runoff and strong water–rock interactions during its evolution. According to the mineral–water solubility equilibrium and silica geothermometers, it is estimated that the reservoir temperature of the Zulongpu hot spring is 47 °C and other hot springs have much higher reservoir temperatures of 116–130 °C. As indicated by geothermal gradients, annual temperatures, and reservoir temperatures, the geothermal water in Meipu and Qvzika villages has the greatest circulation depth, up to 3600–4300 m, followed by that in Rumei town (3700–4000 m) and Zulongpu village (~1500 m). The 2H-18O isotopic analysis of the geothermal surface water revealed that the geothermal water originates from meteoric water. The recharge elevation was inferred to be ~4700–4900 m. Moreover, the low 3H values (<1 Tu) suggest that the geothermal water is older than 40 years. The PHREEQC inverse simulation results indicated that the variation in the hydrochemical composition of the geothermal water results from the precipitation of chalcedony and dolomite, the absorption of NaX, and the loss of CaX2 during migration and storage.
Salinity Shapes the Microbial Communities in Surface Sediments of Salt Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: He Yuanyuan , He Lele , Wang Zhe , Liang Ting , Sun Shichun , Liu Xiaoshou
Published: December 2022

The extreme geographical and climatic conditions of the Tibetan Plateau result in lakes spanning a diverse range of environmental conditions. Studying microbial response to extreme environmental conditions is important for understanding their adaptation and evolution in the natural environment. In this study, the microbial community composition in the surface sediments from 12 lakes with different salinities on the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform. The results showed that the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the major bacteria, and Crenarchaeota was the major group of archaea in low and moderately saline lakes (salinity 0.64–33.88PSU), whereas Firmicutes and Halobacterota increased significantly in high saline lakes (salinity 44.25–106.9PSU). Salinity was the most important factor impacting bacterial α-diversity, characterized by a significant decrease in microbial diversity indices with increasing salinity. Salinity was also the main driving factor determining the microbial community composition of these lakes. Other factors, including Chl-a, OM and glacial meltwater, also had important effects to some extent. In contrast, geographic factors had no remarkable effect on microbial community composition.
A Paleolimnological Perspective on Arctic Mountain Lake Pollution
Authors: Dauvalter Vladimir , Slukovskii Zakhar , Denisov Dmitry , Guzeva Alina
Published: December 2022

The chemical composition of sediments from the Arctic mountain Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr, situated in the western part of the Russian Arctic zone, was studied. The lake has been under intense anthropogenic load for more than 90 years since the development of the richest apatite–nepheline deposits in the world started. A 27 cm thick sediment core was sampled in the central part of the lake at the maximum depth of 37.4 m. The concentrations of more than 50 elements were analyzed by the mass spectral method, ICP-MS. The lake sedimentation rate established from the change in the content of the radioactive isotope 210Pb was 2.3 mm/yr. The effluent from apatite–nepheline production and atmospheric fallout enrich the sediments of Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr with alkali and alkaline earth metals, N, P, Mn, Fe, Al compounds, rare earth elements, and trace elements (Sb, Cu, Zn, Pb, Bi, Nb, Ta, Th). Analysis of the forms of elements in the lake sediments showed that the studied elements are mainly found in stable fractions—mineral, acid-soluble, and associated with organic matter. The pollution of the sediments of Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr was assessed by the integral index PLI (Pollution Load Index) and CF (contamination factor). The PLI value sharply increased after the “Apatite” Plant had been launched and a large amount of wastewater from the mines had been released into the lake. The highest PLI values were detected in the sediment layers accumulated during the period 1990s–2000s. Sb (18.2), P (10.3), Sr (7.8), and La (6.0) have the maximum CF values among all the studied elements.
Magnetized Saline Water Irrigation Enhances Soil Chemical and Physical Properties
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed Elsayed , Abdo Ahmed I. , Alashram Mohamed G. , Eltohamy Kamel Mohamed , Li Jiabei , Xiang Youzhen , Zhang Fucang
Published: December 2022

Due to rapid population growth and pressure on water resources, it is necessary to use economic and non-traditional techniques for irrigation. One of these techniques is the use of salt water after treatment with a magnetic force. A simulation experiment was conducted with soil columns using three quantities of saline water: 0, 3, and 6 g L−1 (S0, S3, and S6). Magnetic forces of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, and 7000 gauss were used to study the effects of magnetic forces on leachate and soil physicochemical properties at different depths. The results at all soil depths showed that the pH decreased with increasing salinity from S0 to S3 and S6 by an average of 8.44, 8.28, and 8.27%, respectively. Soil EC decreased significantly with depth by 10–35%. The maximum SAR, SSP, and CROSS values (16.3, 51.1, and 17.6, respectively) were reported when no magnetic force was used, while the lowest values (13.9, 49.9, and 15.3) were recorded when using 3000 gauss under S6 within the soil profile. Magnetizing the water halved the EC of the leachate under S0, while it decreased the EC by 12.4% under S3. Increasing the magnetic force enhanced the leachate SAR, SSP, and CROSS values by 4.9–20.4% on average under S3 and S6. Magnetic forces augmented the hydraulic conductivity at the same salinity level and with increasing salinity, resulting in an increment of 50% at S3 and S6 compared with S0. After nine hours, the maximum cumulative infiltration rate was under 1000 and 4000 gauss. Our results demonstrated the important effects of magnetically treated irrigation water and could therefore support its application in agriculture under conditions of low water resources and quality.
A BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF KEY CONCEPTS THAT APPLY TO INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS
Authors: BARDINOV A. , BARDINOVA A.
Published: December 2022

This article actualizes the problem of adaptation of internally displaced persons to the university environment.The analysis of scientific sources from the mentioned problem has been conducted, which gave grounds to be named among the key concepts applied to internally displaced persons, such as "integration", "reintegration" and "adaptation", the latter of which means the complicated process of phased entry of internally displaced persons to the conditions of the university environment.The principles of adaptation of internally displaced persons to the university environment are generalized, namely: the principle of humanism and democracy, combined with high demands and respect for the individual; principles of the subject-subjective nature of educational relationships; the principle of inculturation, based on dialogue between peoples and cultures. Through the dialogue and with it, the self-determination of culture, the identification of personal determinants, self-consciousness and self-affirmation of the individual are realized; the principle of differentiation and individualization.
MODEL OF SELF-EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCE FORMATION OF THE FUTURE TECHNICIANS ELECTRICIANS
Authors: BILYK O.
Published: December 2022

The article describes the main components of the process of future technicians’ and electricians’ self-educational competence formation in the study of electrical engineering disciplines; the model of educative process, experts in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, and various technical specialists were considered, aspects of these models are generalized, an integrated model of methodological system of teaching electrical engineering disciplines, which focuses on the formation of self-educational competence of future technicians and electricians is created. Constructed structural-functional model of the defined process integrates three blocks: methodologically-target, technological, diagnostic-corrective; methodological approaches: competence, system, active; structural components: knowledge, reflection, activity and research. The formation of self-educational competence is seen as a set of  basic principles: professional direction, continuity, awareness, activity and independence. The competence approach is considered in the article as a new educational concept which provides the orientation of educative process on interdisciplinarity and the integration of disciplines and at the same time knowledge and skills are considered as a set of competences that are formed and manifested in the student’s activity during the process of self-training.Four levels of self-educational competence formation are presented: reproductive, productive, search and research.
ORGANIZATION OF THE DIFFERENTIATION-BASED FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS AT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: HONCHAROVA Ye.
Published: December 2022

The object of  the  author’s investigation is the differentiation of teaching foreign language  process at Higher Educational Institutions. The author reveals the positive impact of the ideas and principles of individual teaching of foreign language and differentiation of teaching as its component.The article substantiates the totality of teaching conditions, encompassing certain provisions which have to be implemented in the differentiation of learning, namely:-   the formation of the motivational stimulating basis for the acquisition of potentially the greatest possible amount of professionally meaningful learning material;-  the design and implementation of didactic interaction in the “teacher-student” system taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of the subjects of the differentiation-based educational process;-   implementation of hierarchically ordered modular structural organization of the content of differentiation-based foreign languages teaching;- intensification of reflexive analytical activity of students with regard to professional specific training in foreign languages.
PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS OF THE TECHNICAL PROFILE TO CARRYING OUT STUDY
Authors: DOLINSKA L.
Published: December 2022

The analysis of opportunities of use of the integrating approach which is applied when training future teachers, graduates of technical specialties to carrying out study in a higher educational institution is carried out. Abilities which correspond to readiness of the teacher to management of educational activity of subjects of training are defined. The authors conclude: although general pedagogical formation of knowledge and abilities is the longlasting process, the professional preparation of a graduate of a technical university should be relized systemically and qualitatively during all education in institution of higher education. Also it is necessary to take into account the fact that pedagogical training of students in technical education – is a continued changing of pedagogically reasonable, consistent steps of learning, during which specific problems of development and unbringing of teacher`s personality are solving.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO RESEARCHING THE PROBLEM OF PHILOLOGY TEACHERS’ INCLUSIVE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Authors: KAZACHINER O.
Published: December 2022

The methodological concept of philological disciplines teachers’ inclusive competence development in the system of postgraduate education is considered.Understanding of the essence of philological disciplines teachers’ inclusive competence development is determined by the main approaches to its research, which include: systemic, humane, andragogical, axiological, subject, team, acmeological and competence.The systemic approach allows to consider philological disciplines teachers’ inclusive competence development on the principles of unity of theory and practice, integrity and interconnection of its components. The andragogic approach is characterized as a new paradigm in the system of postgraduate education that recognizes its needs and is able to satisfy them in their work. The main features of humane reorientation of education are universality, integrity, creativity, and the needs of society in the training a teacher-translator, who, knowing the fundamentals of philological science, skillfully designs it on the student's paradigm. The acmeological approach to education is aimed at self-improvement of the person in the educational environment, on his / her self-development, on the progress of the adult person from one peak to another. The professional competence of philological disciplines teacher is the formation a system of knowledge and skills, philological and pedagogical abilities, value orientations, integrative indicators of the culture of speech, communication style necessary for qualitative performance of pedagogical activity. The subject approach allows to balance the positions of the teacher and the student, which is expressed in the joint discussion of the actual educational and educational problems, the use a democratic style of management by a teacher. The key to successful inclusion in the teaching of children with special educational needs is the team approach, which is to establish an effective team of teachers, physicians, psychologists, methodologists, parents and students.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO RESEARCH THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILL
Authors: MILTO L.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of philosophical and methodological approaches to the development of pedagogical skill. Historical and pedagogical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of methodology of pedagogy has been carried out, the views of scientists (philosophers, teachers, psychologists) on the interpretation of the concept "methodology", "methodological approaches", reveal the ambiguity of their scientific interpretations. In the article the methodological approaches are considered: systematic-chronological and systematic approaches, historical, etc., which in the process of studying the development of ideas of  pedagogical skill contributed to the creation of a system of pedagogical mastery of a teacher, which we regard as the possession of a teacher by professional knowledge and pedagogical technique. To obtain objective historical data on the selected problem, a complex of theoretical interrelated methods of historical and pedagogical research was used, namely: general science (historical and pedagogical analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison,  concrete  search  methods  (terminological  analysis,  generalization,  systematization  of  foreign  and  domestic literature on the problem under investigation). It is established that the methodological approach determines the content, character and direction of research activity, is the basis of pedagogical research, which reveals its key idea, the main idea, indicating the tendencies of education development, the direction of development of pedagogical knowledge in the historical epoch. In general, the methodological approach means the search for a method, a sequence of actions that provide a purposeful, systematic motion to the final result.The philosophical and methodological approaches of the study directed the analysis and substantiation of the development of the idea of pedagogical mastery of the teacher not as an isolated process, but as a process due to internal and external dependencies associated with the historical features of the country and the current trends in the development of European educational space. The research is based on certain principles, methods, appropriate categorical-conceptual apparatus and theoretical principles of domestic and foreign scholars related to the essence of the problem under investigation. The perspective direction of further research is the justification of the algorithm for the formation of a source base for systematic and multidimensional analysis of the history of the development of pedagogical science in a certain period of time and the methods of its research.
Programa de Capacitación ABC en el uso de las TIC en docentes de la Institución Educativa Jesús Sacramentado, Cieneguilla, 2021
Authors: Cárdenas Jara Judit Gabriela , Valencia Jarama Jorge Luis , Foy Valencia Orietta Amalfi , Leandro Felles Haydee Edith
Published: December 2022

La introducción de las TIC en el ámbito educativo se ha aunado con las medidas de contingencia a causa de la pandemia por la COVID-19, generando que los docentes muestren un gran interés por adquirir competencias digitales. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre el programa de capacitación ABC y el uso de las TIC de los docentes de la Institución educativa Jesús Sacramentado, Cieneguilla. El estudio fue de tipo aplicado; hipotético-deductivo; diseño cuasi-experimental, nivel explicativo, y corte longitudinal, la técnica observacional y los instrumentos fueron fichas de observación y un cuestionario validado mediante juicio de expertos, luego de aplicar el programa a través de doce sesiones, la relación de las variables fue calculada empleando el coeficiente U de Mann Withney. Finalmente, se llegó a la conclusión de que el programa de capacitación ABC tiene una influencia positiva y significativa sobre el uso de las TIC y sus dimensiones.
DETERMINATION OF PROFITABILITY AND LIQUIDITY ON STOCK PRICE
Authors: Anggadini Sri Dewi , Surtikanti Surtikanti , Andriyani Erik Adhe Puspa , Damayanti Sari
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study is to determine the magnitude of the effect of Profitability on stock prices and the amount of liquidity influence on stock prices in property companies. Real estate stock price fluctuations were caused by negative sentiment, rising interest rates, low demand for stock prices, and the fall in the rupiah exchange rate against the UNITED STATES dollar, so that real estate, property, and building construction sub-sector companies experienced a decline in the company's performance. The research method used is a verificative descriptive analysis method. The population, namely sub-sector companies such as real estate, property, and building construction recorded on the IDX for the 2016-2018 period, includes 11 companies using samples in the form of purpose sampling. The sample in the form of financial statements in the company's quarter was 45 samples of financial statements for 3 periods from 2016-2018. The dependent variables are stock prices, while the independent variables in this study are ROA (Return On Asset) and CR (Current Ratio). The technical data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis and is assisted by the SPSS version 20 application program. The results showed that Return On Asset (ROA) had a significant effect on stock prices with a positive relationship and Current Ratio (CR) had a significant effect on stock prices with a positive relationship.

 

Keywords: Return On Asset, Current Ratio, Stock Price
Lixo marinho internacional na praia de Itatinga, Alcântara, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Junior Raimundo Nonato Piedade , Silva Aryele Carvalho da , Castro Maria de Jesus Passos de
Published: December 2022

Lixo internacional são os resíduos provenientes de outros países, normalmente encontrado em zonas costeiras de tráfego marítimo internacional intenso. A praia da Itatinga se localiza na cidade de Alcântara, sede do município, que faz parte da Área de Proteção Ambiental das Reentrâncias Maranhenses com grande importância social, ambiental e econômica. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o lixo marinho internacional na praia de Itatinga, através de 6 coletas realizadas entre setembro de 2021 a abril de 2022. Os materiais foram coletados e caracterizados dentro de uma faixa de 3 metros para cada lado de 1000 m da linha de deixa. Os resultados indicam que o lixo internacional é composto principalmente por material plástico originadas das atividades de navegação. A nacionalidade dos resíduos compreendeu nove países, sendo que Congo, China e Angola tiveram a maior contribuição. O continente Asiático compreendeu 56% dos países de origem dos resíduos. Os resultados alertam para a importância do gerenciamento adequado do lixo pelas embarcações e portos, além da promoção de políticas públicas em saneamento e ações em educação ambiental em âmbito local.