bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of gastro retentive microbeads for sustained release of fexofenadine and montelukast
Authors: Haleem Kainat , Khan Safiullah , Syed Shahzada Khurram , Saif Ur Rehman
Published: August 2022

In allergic rhinitis, montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist) in combination with fexofenadine (antihistamine) provide improved and complimentary effects and reduce the allergic symptoms effectively. Montelukast has less bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and fexofenadine have low permeability. So sustained release delivery is crucial for these drugs. One of the techniques to overcome this challenge is the development of polymeric microspheres or microbeads for enhanced bioavailability and prolong the action of drug in body. The objective of the study is to produce a potential microencapsulated formulation having the combination of fexofenadine hydrochloride and montelukast sodium. Microbeads were formulated by using polymer, eudragit RS100. Single emulsion solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of formulation. The developed drug loaded polymeric microbeads showed that percentage floating ranged from 82.1 - 90.4%. Entrapment efficiency of microbeads were found between 68.8- 80.9%. FTIR results revealed absence of drug-polymer interaction. In-vitro release studies shown that from all the prepared formulations of both drugs the optimum formulation was released up to 24hrs and percentage cumulative drug release was 87.40% and 89.78% respectively. The acute toxicity study showed the safety of the developed system. Formulated microbeads were significantly efficient to achieve a sustained release of fexofenadine and montelukast with prolonged therapeutics release up to 24 hours. The developed gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems showed excellent physicochemical properties and sustained drug release pattern, thereby improving the bioavailability of the drugs.
In vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of different parameters of dosage form
Authors: Shazia Ashraf  , Azka Ali  , Uzma Noreen  , Iqra Abdullah Jan
Published: August 2022

Researchers can achieve rapid drug production by discovering a mathematical link between bioavailability and dissolution testing that leads to the principle of in vitro - in vivo correlation (IVIVC). IVIVC is a mathematical model which from its in vitro output can be used to estimate in vivo action. Level A correlation is widely recognized by the regulatory agencies among all the five stages of correlation. IVIVC's suitability is demonstrated by the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). In the estimation of correlations, dissolution process design plays a central role. Other important parameters in the IVIVC analysis are the qualification of the apparatus and guidelines. During the production of IVIVC, several variables, such as first pass effect, stereochemistry, should be considered. Thus, the need for a method to compare in vitro and in vivo drug release data reliably has increased tremendously. Such an instrument shortens the time of drug growth, saves money and contributes to improved product quality. Increased IVIVC creation activity demonstrates the importance of IVIVCs to the pharmaceutical business. In the production of new pharmaceuticals, IVIVC can be used to minimize the number of human studies during the development of formulation, as the primary objective of IVIVC is to act as a replacement for bioavailability in vivo and to help bio waivers. The usage of dissolution encourages and/or validates methods and configurations for requirements. This is because in vivo importance of in vitro dissolution specifications is included in the IVIVC. Research is based on new oral dosage forms in the current scenario, where awareness of IVIVC is of vital importance. IVIVC implementations vary from drug and product production to improvements in their scale-up and post-approval. Therefore, in drug production, IVIVC should be used as an effective tool
O grau de satisfação das clientes quanto à qualidade do relacionamento praticado nas lojas de vestuário feminino do município de Rondon do Pará -PA, interfere na compra.
Authors: Maciel Letícia Nascimento , Gama Marcus Felipe Frota
Published: August 2022

O estudo com tema o grau de satisfação das clientes quanto à qualidade do relacionamento praticado nas lojas de vestuário feminino do município de Rondon do Pará -PA, interfere na compra, objetivou verificar no setor de vestuário feminino de Rondon do Pará o grau de satisfação das clientes referente a qualidade de relacionamento e sua interferência na intenção de compra. Para a realização deste estudo se utilizou o método SERVQUAL e para mensuração do grau de satisfação se utilizou da escala likert.
Empreendedorismo na Amazônia: a utilização de produtos naturais na fabricação de cosméticos.
Authors: Garvão Rodrigo Fraga , Farias Juliana Souza
Published: August 2022

A Amazônia é reconhecidamente a área com maior potencial ecológico do planeta, de acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Investidores nacionais e internacionais,veem aqui um grande potencial de crescimento econômico, pautado na inovação da utilização de recursos naturais nos seguimentos de cosméticos e farmacêuticos. Na atualidade o empreendedorismo está em foco, principalmente por serem os empreendedores responsáveis pela quebra de barreiras econômicas e culturais frente a globalização. Atecnologia da informação é um grande aliado no gerenciamento das empresas atualmente, no entanto, Filho (2010),destaca que as dificuldades das micro e pequenas empresas estão correlacionadas a falta de direcionamento para a utilização dessa nova tecnologia. Em 2007 as vendas de produtos orgânicos ou naturais atingiram um total de U$ 7 bilhões. Em 2008 o Brasil tornou-se o terceiro país mais influente no mercado mundial de cosméticos, e o maior exportador de matéria prima do mundo. A presente pesquisa é de origem bibliográfica, pois foi realizada através de consultas de materiais disponíveis, com o objetivo de identificar as oportunidades de mercado para os produtos de origem natural. Observou-se que os investimentos em produtos naturais são uma tendência crescente de mercado que proporciona muitas possibilidades de empreendimentos na Amazônia. A pesquisa é relevantemente significativa, por tratar-se não só de uma análise de mercado potencial, mas também de impulsionar o crescimento das empresas que exploram recursos naturais.
Longitudinal Pathways from Mothers’ and Fathers’ Warmth and Control to Children’s Social and Academic Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Children’s Executive Functioning Difficulty
Authors: Han Youngsook , Chung Young Sun
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study examined longitudinal pathways from mothers’ and fathers’ warmth and control to children’s prosocial and externalizing problem behaviors as well as academic outcome. The study also explored whether children’s executive functioning difficulty plays the mediating role in the links between mothers’ and fathers’ parenting behaviors and children’s social and academic outcomes.Methods: Participants were 1,671 children and their parents which were retrieved from the Panel Study on Korean Children. Direct relations between parenting variables and children’s social and academic outcomes were examined. Indirect effects of children’s executive functioning difficulty were also investigated in these associations. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the longitudinal relations among maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, children’s executive functioning difficulty, and their social and academic outcomes. The bootstrapping method was also used to examine the indirect effects of children’s executive functioning difficulty in the links between parenting variables and children’s social and academic outcomes.Results: Mothers' and fathers' warm parenting was negatively related to children’s executive functioning difficulty, which in turn predicted their subsequent prosocial and externalizing problem behaviors, as well as academic outcome. Moreover, indirect relations between parenting variables and children’s social and academic outcomes via children’s executive functioning difficulty were found.Conclusion: The result of this study suggests the importance of parental warmth in children's social and academic outcomes. The present results also emphasize the role of children’s executive functioning difficulty as the pivotal mechanism that explains how mothers’ and fathers’ warm parenting predicts subsequent children’s outcomes in social and academic domains.
A Study on the Teacher-Related Predictors about the Early Childhood Teacher’s Autonomy in the Implementation of Early Childhood Curriculum
Authors: Lee Eunji , Kim Jihyun
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of autonomy early childhood teachers have in implementing the curriculum. Furthermore, the study aimed to find variables that predict early childhood teachers’ autonomy in curriculum implementation. These include “play sensitivity,” “organizational health,” and “professional knowledge and skill perception.”Methods: This study was conducted on 375 early childhood teachers. The teachers responded to questionnaires on “their autonomy in the implementation of early childhood curriculum,” “play sensitivity,” “organizational health,” and “professional knowledge and skill perception.” The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, partial correlations, and multiple regression analysis.Results: First, early childhood teachers’ showed a high degree of autonomy in the “support for child-centered play environments and interactions” and “flexible daily management.” They showed low autonomy in “cooperation and participation with the family and local community” and “use of learning community”. Second, it revealed variables predicting the degree to which early childhood teachers’ had autonomy in curriculum implementation. This included areas such as “play sensitivity,” “organizational health,” and “professional knowledge and skill perception.”Conclusion: This study confirms the autonomy status of early childhood teachers in curriculum implementation reflecting the 2019 revised Nuri curriculum. The study offers potential for revitalizing research on various autonomy-related factors in curriculum implementation. Educators can utilize these findings to develop teacher education programs emphasizing the importance of autonomy in curriculum implementation. Furthermore, the results are expected to contribute to the correct understanding of early childhood education and realize the necessary autonomy of early childhood teachers’ in curriculum implementation.
Recovery of Human Remains from a Vehicle Submerged for 43 Years Using a Marine Venturi Vacuum System
Authors: Michael Amy , Fitzpatrick Leslie , Sorg Marcella , Poltak Steffen , Burgess Kyana , Moreau Alyssa
Published: August 2022

Forensic recovery of submerged human remains may present logistical challenges for forensic anthropologists. In the case reported here, a decedent was recovered from a submerged car that could not be moved or dissembled per environmental safety standards. A recovery approach uniting forensic anthropologists, dive teams, and private contractors operating a marine venturi vacuum system resulted in a successful and nearly complete recovery.
Bedeutsamkeit, Welt und Mensch
Authors: Kosubek Tanja
Published: August 2022

What is significant in the world? How can stability and change be reconciled? Can a poem change the world? In answering these questions, Whitehead's naturalistic conception of symbols seeks to capture our experience of a material world as much as our emotionality or the meaning of art. This book structures Whitehead's thoughts on symbolisation and pinpoints the key position that symbols hold as a connecting link between process metaphysics, a critique of positivism and cultural philosophy. In doing so, Whitehead's philosophy of symbolism with its connection between mankind and the world is understood as an appeal to accept responsibility for our interaction with both one another and our surroundings as an essential element of our being.
Die Automatisierung der Justiz
Authors: Graichen Nikolas
Published: August 2022

Artificial intelligence (A.I.) and the law have recently become two aspects that can no longer be considered separately. Against the background of a potential use and possibly even the replacement of judges by A.I., a legal classification must be made. The question of constitutional admissibility, possible effects on human dignity and the understanding of a functioning justice system that serves human beings are examined in the monograph, as is the classification of the judge from a sociological point of view. In addition to the legal classification, the influence of the human being for a "good" administration of justice is therefore also illuminated.
E-Government in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Piesker Axel , Rölle Daniel , Steffens Carolin , Vallée Tim , Ziekow Jan
Published: August 2022

With its e-Government Act of 2015, the state of Baden-Württemberg created the legal basis for the promotion of electronic administration in the authorities of the state, local authorities and other legal entities under public law. The Act requires an evaluation within five years of its entry into force. This evaluation focuses on the effects of the Act’s legal obligations, experiences with the organisational structure created by the e-Government Act in Baden-Württemberg, and the experiences of the German federal and state governments with their respective e-Government acts.
Der Gefährdungsschaden
Authors: Epe Melanie
Published: August 2022

The concept of endangering damage has been part of the fixed repertoire of criminal law for at least 130 years. Nevertheless, it has not yet been clearly clarified where the boundary between property-relevant and irrelevant endangerment lies. In contrast to the previous fact- and delict-related case groups, Melanie Epe therefore forms ten inductive-dogmatic case groups on the basis of all 382 decisions of the Reichsgericht, the BGH and the higher courts published in the standard literature. The performance of the case groups is that they make the figure of the endangering damage more tangible in practice. This is because dogmatic, economic peculiarities are linked to the justification of the endangering damage.
Kooperation von Staat und Privaten im Naturschutzrecht
Authors: Wasylow-Neuhaus Lukas
Published: August 2022

German nature conservation law creates various incentives for the cooperation of the public and private sector. This doctoral thesis compares the according federal and state nature conservation law regulations on the one hand, on the other hand it provides an empirical analysis of nature conservation law‘s cooperative toolbox. The regulations are evaluated (partly for the first time at all) in terms of their legal effectiveness. The author classifies the regulations in terms of the control theory. On the basis of these legal theoretical and practical findings the author derives a set of hands-on reform proposals.
Das englische Grundbuch
Authors: von Hertzberg-Bölch Catharina
Published: August 2022

Land registration is a part of both English and German land law. The security provided by a land register depends upon the extent to which parties to a property transaction can rely on its content. The German grundbuch offers a very high level of purchaser protection. English land law, however, differs greatly from its German counterpart. The author explores the role of land registration in English land law and whether it provides a level of protection comparable to that of the grundbuch.
Proxy Solicitation
Authors: Klose Florian
Published: August 2022

The activation of unused voting rights potential by means of organized solicitation of proxies, flanked by advertising for a certain voting behavior, can represent an effective way to create majorities at the Annual General Meeting. This work examines the permissibility, means and limits of such solicitation both by shareholders as part of shareholder activism and by the corporation itself. In addition, the constellation of so-called proxy fights is examined and compared with the legal situation in the USA. Finally, possible courses of action for the company concerned are outlined and case groups are formed, so that the study is aimed at both academics and practitioners.
Vorstand und Digitalisierung
Authors: Nowak Matthias
Published: August 2022

The use of artificially intelligent systems increasingly poses legal challenges to members of the board. This study examines in particular the question of how the use of intelligent assistance and autonomous decision-making systems can affect the duties of board members. As a result, not only are there significant effects on individual board duties; in order to take sufficient account of digital progress, a further development of case law and an amendment of the law appear to be necessary. In addition, the still little-discussed question of the extent to which the use of virtual reality can have an impact on the duties of board members is examined.
Relationship Between Mid-upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Children Aged 6 - 12 Years: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dormanesh Banafshe , Asadi Zahra Sadat , Dini Talatappeh Hossein , Ebrahimi Shahrzad
Published: August 2022

Background: Obesity has become one of the most important health problems worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) is a clinical assessment of overweight and obesity in children, although mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) assessment is more straightforward, especially for parents. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MUAC and BMI in children aged 6 - 12 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 455 elementary school children aged 6 - 12, including 278 girls and 177 boys with a mean age of 8.8 ± 1.8 years selected using the census method. Our researcher was trained for anthropometric data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25 software using Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The mean age was 9.19 ± 1.8 years, the mean height was 135 ± 12 cm, the mean weight was 31.85 ± 11 kg, the mean MUAC was 21 ± 3.1 cm, and the mean BMI was 17 ± 3.6 kg/m2. There was a significant correlation between MUAC and BMI in both sexes, but it was stronger in girls than in boys (P-value < 0.05). The MUAC cutoff point was 23.75 cm (77% sensitivity and 80% specificity) and 24.75 cm (93% sensitivity and 88% specificity) for overweigh and obesity in girls, respectively. Also, it was 23.25 cm (88% sensitivity and 83% specificity) and 25.25 cm (87% sensitivity and 90% specificity) for overweigh and obesity in boys, respectively. Conclusions: We recommend MUAC as a predictor of early diagnosis of overweight and obesity.
Prognosis and clinical features analysis of EMT-related signature and tumor Immune microenvironment in glioma
Authors: Xiao Zheng , Liu Xiaoyan , Mo Yixiang , Chen Weibo , Zhang Shizhong , Yu Yingwei , Weng Huiwen
Published: August 2022

Background: As the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor, glioblastoma has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. It has a high propensity for recurrence, invasion, and poor immune prognosis due to the complex tumor microenvironment. Methods: Six groups of samples from four datasets were included in this study. We used consensus ClusterPlus to establish two subgroups by the EMT-related gene. The difference in clinicopathological features, genomic characteristics, immune infiltration, treatment response and prognoses were evaluated by multiple algorithms. By using LASSO regression, multi-factor Cox analysis, stepAIC method, a prognostic risk model was constructed based on the final screened genes. Results: The consensusClusterPlus analyses revealed two subtypes of glioblastoma (C1 and C2), which were characterized by different EMT-related gene expression patterns. C2 subtype with the worse prognosis had the more malignant clinical and pathology manifestations, higher Immune infiltration and tumor-associated molecular pathways scores, and poorer response to treatment. Additionally, our EMT-related genes risk prediction model can provide valuable support for clinical evaluations of glioma. Conclusions: The assessment system and prediction model displayed good performance in independent prognostic risk assessment and individual patient treatment response prediction. This can help with clinical treatment decisions and the development of effective treatments.
Deliberately retrieved negative memories can improve mood beyond the intention to do so
Authors: Nourkova Veronika V. , Gofman Alena A.
Published: August 2022

The role of autobiographical memory in emotion regulation is deemed as limited to the selective retrieval of positive memories intended as a distraction from unpleasant stimuli. The present experimental study is the first to examine whether negative autobiographical memories serve as a way to boost one’s mood by employing the mechanism of retrospective downward autobiographical comparison between now and then. We hypothesised that this mechanism may operate in response to negative memories, leading to positive mood induction. Ninety-nine students participated in four memory tasks: autobiographical positive, autobiographical negative, vicarious positive, and vicarious negative. Emotional states at pre- and post-tests were assessed using the implicit test differentiating positive (PA) and negative (NA) components of mood. The results replicated previous studies on the mood-repair effect of deliberate positive recall. The most striking finding is that negative autobiographical recall consistently boosted PA and inhibited NA. This result supported the idea of retrospective downward autobiographical comparison as a plausible mechanism behind the efficacy of negative memories in emotion regulation.
Technostress, coping, and anxious and depressive symptomatology in university students during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Galvin John , Evans Michael Scott , Nelson Kenisha , Richards Gareth , Mavritsaki Eirini , Giovazolias Theodoros , Koutra Katerina , Mellor Ben , Zurlo Maria Clelia , Smith Andrew Paul , Vallone Federica
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic raised many challenges for university staff and students, including the need to work from home, which resulted in a greater reliance on technology. We collected questionnaire data from university students (N = 894) in three European countries: Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Data were collected between 7th April 2020 and 19th June 2020, representing a period covering the first lockdown and university closures in these countries and across Europe generally. We tested the hypotheses that technology-related stressors (techno-overload, work-home conflict, techno-ease, techno-reliability, techno-sociality, and pace of change) would be associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and that coping styles (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance) would mediate these relationships. Results showed significant positive associations between techno-overload, work-home conflict and anxiety and depressive symptoms, and significant negative associations between techno-reliability, techno-ease and anxiety and depressive symptoms. A significant negative association was found between techno-sociality and depressive symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. No evidence was found for an association between pace of change and anxiety or depressive symptoms. Multiple mediation analyses revealed significant direct effects of techno-overload, work-home conflict and techno-ease on anxiety symptoms, and of work-home conflict and techno-ease on depressive symptoms. Work-home conflict had significant indirect effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms through avoidance coping. Techno-overload and techno-ease both had significant indirect effects on anxiety symptoms through problem- and emotion-focused coping. Techno-ease also had a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms through problem-focused coping. The findings add to the body of evidence on technostress amongst university students and provide knowledge on how technostress translates through coping strategies into anxious and depressive symptoms during the disruption caused by the outbreak of a pandemic disease.
Gender Differences in Stress Resistance of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Yakymchuk Iryna , Vakhotska Iryna , Radzivil Kateryna , Ivashchenko Kateryna , Poliekhina Viktoriia
Published: August 2022

Objective: The research provided the empirical study of the gender differences in the experience of stress and coping with it in boys and girls diagnosed with high-functioning autism through qualitative methods. Methods: Observation was the main method used in the study, which was implemented by filling in the observation diary by specialists and parents of adolescents with autistic disorders. The main coping strategies under research were addressing others, avoiding the problem, and working on the problem. Content analysis was used as the main data processing method.

Results: The study found some gender differences in coping with stress between males and females. Besides, it was found that the use of certain forms of coping behavior differs depending on age.

Conclusions: The study allowed us to determine that boys tend to choose a strategy of working on the problem in interpersonal interaction, while girls are disposed to avoid the problem. The opposite picture was observed for the social environment: girls with ASD tend to use a strategy of addressing others, and boys avoid the problem through self-isolation.
Every maternal near-miss counts: Need for a national audit in South Africa? A mixed-methods study
Authors: Heitkamp A , Suh J , Gebhardt S , Van Roosmalen J , Murray L R , De Vries J I , Van den Akker T , Theron G
Published: August 2022

Background. To improve maternal health, studies of maternal morbidity are increasingly being used to evaluate the quality of maternity care, in addition to studies of mortality. While South Africa (SA) has a well-established confidential enquiry into maternal deaths, there is currently no structure in place to systematically collect and analyse maternal near-misses (MNMs) at national level.Objectives. To synthesise MNM indicators and causes in SA by performing a systematic literature search, and to investigate perceived needs for data collection related to MNMs and determine whether the MNM tool from the World Health Organization (WHO-MNM) would require adaptations in order to be implemented.Methods. The study used a mixed-methods approach. A systematic literature search was conducted to find all published data on MNM audits in SA. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with maternal health experts throughout the country who had been involved in studies of MNMs, and main themes arising in the interviews were synthesised. A method for MNM data collection for SA use was discussed with these experts.Results. The literature search yielded 797 articles, 15 of which met the WHO-MNM or Mantel et al. severe acute maternal morbidity criteria. The median (interquartile range) MNM incidence ratio in SA was 8.4/1 000 (5.6 - 8.7) live births, the median maternal mortality ratio was 130/100 000 (71.4 - 226) live births, and the median mortality index was 16.6% (11.7 - 18.8). The main causes of MNMs were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and obstetric haemorrhage. Eight maternal health experts were interviewed from May 2020 to February 2021. All participants focused on the challenges of implementing a national MNM audit, yet noted the urgent need for one. Recognition of MNMs as an indicator of quality of maternity care was considered to lead to improved management earlier in the chain of events, thereby possibly preventing mortality. Obtaining qualitative information from women with MNMs was perceived as an important opportunity to improve the maternity care system. Participants suggested that the WHO-MNM tool would have to be adapted into a simplified tool with more clearly defined criteria and a number of specific diagnoses relevant to the SA setting. This ‘Maternal near-miss: Inclusion criteria and data collection form’ is provided as a supplementary file.Conclusion. Adding MNMs to the existing confidential maternal death enquiry could potentially contribute to a more robust audit with data that may inform health systems planning. This was perceived by SA experts to be valuable, but would require context-specific adaptations to the WHO-MNM tool. The available body of evidence is sufficient to justify moving to implementation.
A Version of the Hadamard–Lévy Theorem for Fréchet Spaces
Authors: Eftekharinasab Kaveh
Published: August 2022

We prove a version of the Hadamard–Lévy theorem for Keller $$C^1_c$$ mappings between Fréchet spaces.
Digital Image Filtering with New Generalized Order-k Jacobsthal Numbers
Authors: Ahmed Hossen , Daşdemir Ahmet
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a new generalized order-k Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal–Lucas numbers are investigated and used in the digital image processing for filtering of the image. The Gaussian, Morphological operation with “Motion”, Morphological operation with “Disk” specification, Poisson method and Jacobsthal method is used for the filtering. The Structural similarity, Multiscale structural similarity and Peak SNR are used for evaluation of the results. For implementation of the proposed method the Matlab 2021a version is used.
Langmuir Probes' Secondary Power Supply System for the "Obstanovka" Experiment and Plasma-wave Complex Aboard the Russian Segment of the International Space Station
Authors: Gramatikov Pavlin , Kirov Boian
Published: August 2022

The Plasma-wave complex is scientific instrumentation for plasma and wave parameters measurements in the vicinity of the International Space Station, and is implemented in the “Obstanovka” experiment aboard the Russian segment.

The Langmuir probes instruments, developed at the Space Research and Technology Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, measured the following parameters: electron temperature, electron and ion concentration, plasma and the International Space Station’s surface potential. One of the results is that sharp jumps in the surface potential are detected when crossing the terminator and the Equatorial anomaly.

The Langmuir probes operate outside the Russian “Zvezda” module. Families of voltage-ampere characteristics of the Langmuir probe are measured – when the voltage changes in a certain range, the value of the current flowing is recorded.

There are block and functional diagrams of the instrument Langmuir probes and its secondary power supply system, designed to supply the measuring probe, the analogue and digital circuit boards.
Pattern Electroretinography in Preperimetric Glaucoma
Authors: Mermeklieva Elena
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to explore the informativeness of pattern electroretinography (PERG) as an objective method for detection of early changes in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) function in patients with preperimetric glaucoma. A group of 103 people was studied – 56 patients with preperimetric glaucoma and 47 healthy individuals as controls. Full ophthalmological examination, standard automated perimetry (SAP), optical coherent tomography (OCT) and PERG were performed. The main variables that were considered in the results analysis were the latency (L), amplitudes (A) and amplitude ratio (AR), reflecting the configuration of the wave forms. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 statistical package. The comparative analysis between the PERG components values of patients from both groups demonstrated significant differences in L of P50 and N95 in central stimulation and in N95 in paracentral stimulation. L of the glaucoma patients were longer than those of the controls. In PERG A significant difference was found in component N35-P50 in central stimulation and in AR N35-P50/P50-N95 in paracentral stimulation. The PERG A of glaucoma patients were lower than those of the healthy subjects. These results correlated with the significant differences in the macular RNFL thickness between the two groups. PERG could be used as an objective method for registration of early changes in the RGCs function in glaucoma suspected patients before the presence of any functional changes in SAP and significant structural changes at OCT and also for monitoring the changes in dynamics.
Human WDR5 promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis via KMT2-independent translation regulation
Authors: Cai Wesley L , Chen Jocelyn Fang-Yi , Chen Huacui , Wingrove Emily , Kurley Sarah J , Chan Lok Hei , Zhang Meiling , Arnal-Estape Anna , Zhao Minghui , Balabaki Amer , Li Wenxue , Yu Xufen , Krop Ethan D , Dou Yali , Liu Yansheng , Jin Jian , Westbrook Thomas F , Nguyen Don X , Yan Qin
Published: August 2022

Metastatic breast cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths in women, and there are few effective therapies against this advanced disease. Emerging evidence suggests that key steps of tumor progression and metastasis are controlled by reversible epigenetic mechanisms. Using an in vivo genetic screen, we identified WDR5 as an actionable epigenetic regulator that is required for metastatic progression in models of triple-negative breast cancer. We found that knockdown of WDR5 in breast cancer cells independently impaired their tumorigenic as well as metastatic capabilities. Mechanistically, WDR5 promotes cell growth by increasing ribosomal gene expression and translation efficiency in a KMT2-independent manner. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition or degradation of WDR5 impedes cellular translation rate and the clonogenic ability of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, a combination of WDR5 targeting with mTOR inhibitors leads to potent suppression of translation and proliferation of breast cancer cells. These results reveal novel therapeutic strategies to treat metastatic breast cancer.
Diverse states and stimuli tune olfactory receptor expression levels to modulate food-seeking behavior
Authors: McLachlan Ian G , Kramer Talya S , Dua Malvika , DiLoreto Elizabeth M , Gomes Matthew A , Dag Ugur , Srinivasan Jagan , Flavell Steven W
Published: August 2022

Animals must weigh competing needs and states to generate adaptive behavioral responses to the environment. Sensorimotor circuits are thus tasked with integrating diverse external and internal cues relevant to these needs to generate context-appropriate behaviors. However, the mechanisms that underlie this integration are largely unknown. Here, we show that a wide range of states and stimuli converge upon a single Caenorhabditis elegans olfactory neuron to modulate food-seeking behavior. Using an unbiased ribotagging approach, we find that the expression of olfactory receptor genes in the AWA olfactory neuron is influenced by a wide array of states and stimuli, including feeding state, physiological stress, and recent sensory cues. We identify odorants that activate these state-dependent olfactory receptors and show that altered expression of these receptors influences food-seeking and foraging. Further, we dissect the molecular and neural circuit pathways through which external sensory information and internal nutritional state are integrated by AWA. This reveals a modular organization in which sensory and state-related signals arising from different cell types in the body converge on AWA and independently control chemoreceptor expression. The synthesis of these signals by AWA allows animals to generate sensorimotor responses that reflect the animal’s overall state. Our findings suggest a general model in which sensory- and state-dependent transcriptional changes at the sensory periphery modulate animals’ sensorimotor responses to meet their ongoing needs and states.
Analysis of Criminal Behavior with Mental Disorder by Forensic and Psychological Approach
Authors: Kim Youn Shin , Yu Jin
Published: August 2022

Crimes committed by the mentally ill may initially be mistaken as unmotivated or hate crimes, which may cause public anxiety and conflict between social classes. In this context, special attention is needed to secure social safety and to effectively respond against crimes committed by the mentally ill. For these purposes, comprehensive analysis of the details of such crimes, including the type of crime, the content of criminal behavior, the tool of crime, unusual behavior before and after the crime, and the triggering factor of the crime, can provide valuable information. If specific tendencies or common characteristics shared in criminal acts related to mental illness can be found, they would assist criminal investigations and determination of criminal responsibility. The authors analyzed 19 precedents of crimes with mental disorders. The results of the analysis are as follows: frequency of injured area was the highest in the face, neck, and head; perpetrator’s body (hands/feet) and knife were used the most as tools of assault; premeditation was revealed in eight cases, and crimes with active intention of harming and impulsive crimes happened at a similar frequency; schizophrenics usually committed crimes between 03:00-06:00, which is related to sleep disturbance in schizophrenia; in five cases, criminal acts—violent crimes such as murder, arson, and rape—were committed under the influence of alcohol; and homicide is related more frequently to schizophrenia, personality disorder, and intellectual disability.
Estimating Age Using Nationwide Survey Data on the Number of Residual Teeth
Authors: Kim Eui-Joo , Lee Won-Joon , Seo In-Soo , Kim Hyeong-Geon , Ryu Hye-Won , Lee Ju-Heon , Seo Yo-Seob , Roh Byung-Yoon
Published: August 2022

Given that tooth loss is a degenerative change, the number of residual teeth may be used to specify a particular age range as a marker for age estimation. This study examined changes in the number of teeth with age using a nationwide oral survey database and derived the age distribution of the Korean population according to the number of teeth. Data on the number of teeth and age were extracted from the oral examination data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2016 to 2018. Statistical analyses of a complex sample survey were performed using weighted values. The distribution range of the number of teeth by age was broad. The proportion of young people decreased progressively as the number of remaining teeth decreased. In contrast, the proportion of those from the older age group decreased slightly as the number of teeth increased. The number of teeth was subdivided into groups of four, age was categorized into 5-year intervals, and the distribution of age groups by the number of teeth was analyzed. We attempted to determine the age group threshold at approximately 95th percentile for age. In summary, we found that if there were ≤4, 5-12, and 13-20 residual teeth, the estimated age was ≥60, ≥55, and ≥50 years, respectively, with an approximately 95% probability. When many teeth are lost and it is difficult to apply conventional dental age estimation methods, our method may assist in narrowing the age range, although it is not an accurate age determination method.
Infantile Death by Overlaying: Report of Seven Autopsy Cases
Authors: Ha Hongil , Lee Sol-A
Published: August 2022

Overlaying refers to mechanical asphyxia caused by an adult sleeping on an infant due to deep sleep or external intoxication. We analyzed seven cases (6.6%) of overlaying death out of 106 sleep-related infantile death autopsy cases from January 2018 to March 2021. They were all boys, with an average age of 132.3 (63-244) days, and were sleeping with their inebriated parents. In autopsy, only non-specific findings such as facial congestion, pressure marks, scratches, and froth in the nose and mouth were noted. In the sleep-related infantile death investigation, thorough investigation of the death scene and the previous history are essential for diagnosis, because autopsy findings are minimal or non-specific in most cases. Victims of overlaying and sudden infantile death syndrome show similar clinical and autopsy findings. Therefore, special attention are required for the differential diagnosis.
Behaviour of sintered fly ash aggregates and steel fibers on reinforced concrete slabs subjected to punching
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu (India), Babu B Ranjith , R Thenmozhi ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (India)
Published: August 2022

In this study the optimum replacement percentage of sintered fly ash aggregates in M30 grade of concrete was identified based on 28 days cubical compressive strength value. The optimum replacement of Sintered Fly ash Aggregates (SFA) is 40 %. Before identifying the optimum replacement percentage, the SFAs were tested for suitability test such as crushing strength test, impact test and water absorption test. Further, the optimum 40 % SFAs in concrete is tested for punching shear on the Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs for a dimension of 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 100 mm. In addition to know the effect of steel fibers in RC slabs subjected to punching. A hook ended steel fibers having an aspect ratio of 55, 80 and 100 is selected and varied by volume of concrete for the punching shear values on RC slabs. The RC slabs concrete contains aspect ratio of steel fibers 55 is varied for 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 % and 1 % for volume of concrete. In addition to that a constant volume of steel fiber 0.5 % is selected for the aspect ratios of 80 and 100 for the punching shear tests. The punching shear values for the RC slabs shows that partial replacement of SFAs and steel fibers in concrete enhances the punching shear strength. These experimental tested results are compared with finite element programming (ABAQUS) and international codes such as IS 456 and ACI 2011. The experimental punching shear results were higher when compared to international codes.
Torsional performance of reinforced concrete beam with carbon fiber and aramid fiber laminates
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Excel Engineering College, komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu (India), Shanmugasundaram S. , Mohanraj R. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Excel Engineering College, komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu (India), Senthilkumar S. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Excel Engineering College, komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu (India), Padmapoorani P. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Excel Engineering College, komarapalayam, Namakkal, Tamilnadu (India)
Published: August 2022

In the presented research paper, investigated the torsional performance of reinforced concrete beams with light emissions grade of cement utilizing Carbon fiber and its relative investigation with aramid fiber, for its torsional conduct, utilizing both exploratory and insightful strategies. A distinctive example of its strips folded over RC beams and the torsional conduct of these restrengthened beams is considered. Carbon fiber (CF) is utilized as outside support. Reinforced concrete beam retrofitted with CF tried for torsional disappointment utilizing lever arms exposed to torque. The beams have dimensions of 150mm in width and 200mm in depth and 1 m long, as planned according to IS456-2000. Three bars are intended for a twist. Steel has a stronger ultimate strength but a lower density than aramid FRP, as well as being easier to install and requiring no interim support until it reaches its full strength. The impact of various sorts and designs of CF on the initial stage of breaking load, extreme load conveying limit, and disappointment method of the beam are thought about and its relative examination utilizing finite element programming with aramid fiber gives a better outcome for additional investigation.
Reuse of banana fiber and peanut shells for the design of new prefabricated products for buildings
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Industry and Construction, Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte, Guayaquil (Ecuador), Echeverría-Maggi Eddie , Flores-Alés Vicente ,   Department of Architectural Constructions II, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (Spain), Martín-del-Río Juan Jesús ,   Department of Architectural Constructions II, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville (Spain)
Published: August 2022

This work presents a sustainable panel elaboration for housing interiors through banana fiber and peanut shells gathered from crop residues, consolidated with a polyester resin binder. A material characterization process was defined by forming three prototypes with different dosages. The prototypes performed physical and mechanical tests following recommendations from previous research and the standards. The results obtained were favorable regarding thermal transmittance percentages, achieving an average resistance comparable to non-structural medium density particleboard (MDP). Performance comparisons were also established, which depict the potential of these prototypes to contribute to the building industry, including the development of thermally comfortable environments.
Raking over the ashes: assessing the impact of fire on native fauna in the aftermath of Australia’s 2019–2020 fires
Authors: Dickman Christopher R. , Hutchings Pat , Law Brad , Lunney Daniel
Published: August 2022

The 2021 annual forum of the Royal Zoological Society of NSW raked over the ashes of the unprecedented “Black Summer” bushfires of 2019–2020 in eastern and southern Australia to assess how forest ecosystems and their constituent fauna had fared. This paper provides an overview of the 21 studies that were presented at the forum, now as papers in this theme edition of Australian Zoologist. All the authors were unanimous in their agreement about the unparalleled extent and severity of the fires and the magnitude of their ecological impacts. Whereas much of the focus of the 2019–2020 fires was on vertebrates, significant research was also carried out on a diverse range of invertebrate taxa. The studies of the invertebrate groups found that different taxa respond variably to fire and also emphasised the difficulties in judging the full impact of the fires due to taxonomic impediments. An underlying theme in almost all studies was that long-term and broad-scale monitoring of fauna and faunal habitats is essential if we are to build a robust understanding of how animals respond to fire, and in turn how managers can mitigate the impacts of fire in future. Such monitoring will need to incorporate the effects of other disturbance factors, such as habitat fragmentation, drought, salvage logging and longwall mining, that interact with fire, and also trial new methods to track and assist fauna to cope with the changing fire regimes. Several studies advocated the use of novel and emerging technologies to achieve better monitoring of fauna, while others proposed mapping of large scale, as well as micro-refuges, to maximise fire resilience, or the use of supplementary resources such as nest boxes and artificial roosts to replace those lost in fires. We concur with all the authors that a critically important way to protect and manage our native fauna is through expanded and sustained research and monitoring programs, and by making the key results available to managers and policy makers via peer-reviewed publication.