bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental research on adsorption characteristics of N2, CH4, and CO2 in coal under different temperatures and gas pressures
Authors: Xiao Tong , Li Shugang , Long Hang , Kong Xiangguo , Bai Yang , Qin Aoli
Published: November 2022

The coal deformation was induced by the gas adsorption of N2, CH4, and CO2. However, the differences between different gas adsorption performances and the deformation mechanism of coal need to be further studied. In this study, the experiments were conducted using self‐developed equipment to reveal the adsorption characteristics of different gases. The results showed that the gas adsorption capacity followed the sequence of CO2 > CH4 > N2. The gas adsorption capacity was negatively correlated with temperature. The maximum decrease in adsorption capacity (23.70%) was N2. The gas adsorption capacity was positively correlated with gas pressure. The maximum increase in gas adsorption capacity (232.79%) was N2. Correspondingly, the coal deformation of CO2 was the largest, and that of N2 was the smallest. The maximum decrease in deformation (31.09%) was CO2 during the temperature increase. The initial coal deformation rates of N2, CH4, and CO2 were 0.060, 0.091, and 0.042 mm·h−1, respectively. The maximum increase of deformation (234.65%) was CH4 with the gas pressure increase. The initial coal deformation rates of N2, CH4, and CO2 were 0.024, 0.045, and 0.016 mm·h−1, respectively. This work guided further clarifying the mechanism of different gases' adsorption capacity and coal deformation.
Rediscovering wood‐laden debris flow studies: A perspective from Japan
Authors: Koyanagi Kenta , Yamada Taku , Ishida Koji
Published: November 2022

Debris flow is one of the dominant processes distributing large wood (LW) within mountainous catchments. However, little has been reviewed on wood‐laden debris flow (WLDF), presumably owing to limited reviewable works. This article, therefore, navigates the international readers through 40 years of WLDF studies, most of which have been published only in Japanese. Firstly, we reviewed the historical development of Japanese WLDF particularly focusing on the 1980s and the 1990s. A series of post‐disaster fieldworks from the July 1982 Nagasaki flood to the July 1990 Kumamoto flood provided 32 catchment‐scale wood budgeting data; empirical relationships among drainage area, dominant tree species, sediment yield, and wood loads associated with single debris flow disasters were illustrated. Secondly, the characteristics of WLDF were summarized based on relevant previous studies on the recruitment, transport, and deposition processes of LW during debris flows. Thirdly, we discussed the connectivity between those Japanese WLDF studies and international LW studies by relating/contrasting their research approaches and spatiotemporal scales. In contrast to global LW research trends, Japanese WLDF studies have almost exclusively regarded LW as hazardous materials (i.e., “driftwood” or “woody debris”) that need to be retained upstream of the inhabited areas. Those practice‐oriented WLDF studies were concentrated on drainage areas of 10−2 to 100 km2, representing 1–6 orders of magnitude smaller spatial scales than those generally covered by existing international LW studies. Strongly motivated by engineering requirements, “dynamic” interactions between debris flows and LW during floods have also been physically presented, mainly based on unique laboratory experiments involving steep flume (> 0.05) and mobile bed conditions. Finally, some future works for WLDF were briefly stated from practical and scientific perspectives. By “rediscovering” those WLDF studies domestically developed in Japanese debris flow channels since the 1980s, a more comprehensive understanding of LW dynamics in the river system may be achieved.
Role of Moringa oleifera Lam. in cancer: Phytochemistry and pharmacological insights
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Gautam Dev Nath Singh , Sourav Simant , Sharma Rohit
Published: November 2022

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera), aka “Shigru,” “mother's best friend,” “miracle tree,” “horseradish tree,” “drumstick tree,” and “oil tree,” native of the sub‐Himalayan region of northern India, belongs to the Moringaceae family. The high nutritional value of M. oleifera makes it suitable for both nutritional and medicinal purposes. Because of its chemical constituents, M. oleifera is used to treat and combat malnutrition, especially in infants and nursing mothers. These days, herbal medicine and its phytocompound derivatives are also being recognized as effective complementary therapies for cancer treatment. So, in this study, M. oleifera is reviewed for its anticancer property. By thoroughly scanning the PubMed, Embase, SinoMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, an extensive up‐to‐date report on its ethnomedicinal use, nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential is done. It has valuable nutrients such as vitamins, proteins, iron, calcium, antioxidants (flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenols) and ascorbic acid. Additionally, it is used as an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic agent. There are also concrete evidence that this plant's bioactive constituents, numerous extracts have a high biopotential in a number of cancer cells, through its antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cell cycle arresting properties. This extensive literature review will provide insights into several mechanisms and signaling pathways of its various phytoconstituents that can mitigate the growth of cancer cells in various experimental models, safety and toxicity concerns, and drug–drug interactions.
Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program: A Nontraditional Data Source for Fisheries Management
Authors: Musick Susanna , Gillingham Lewis , Perkinson Matt , Teears Thom
Published: November 2022

Since 1995, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program (VGFTP) has collected data for recreationally important marine fishes in cooperation with skilled volunteers. These trained anglers tagged more than 380,000 fishes since 1995 and contributed data regarding fish movement and site fidelity patterns of species captured and released in the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic coastal waters. Over time, the VGFTP has become an important source of data for fishery managers and program data are included in stock assessments for species such as Cobia Rachycentron canadum. Best management practices from the VGFTP show that cooperative science programs that collect data for management should have mandatory hands-on training with quality control mechanisms in place for submitted data. Further, fishery managers, statisticians, and stakeholders should work together to identify the data needs for statistical viability before volunteers start collecting information. Finally, data objectives and project results should be shared with the stakeholders who collected the data, in addition to fishery managers.
Recreational Angler Contributions to Fisheries Management Are Varied and Valuable: Case Studies from South Florida
Authors: Gervasi Carissa L , Massie Jordan A , Rodemann Jonathan , Trabelsi Shakira , Santos Rolando O , Rehage Jennifer S
Published: November 2022

Recreational fisheries are complex social–ecological systems that are influenced by a variety of increasing stressors. In Florida (USA), recreational fishing is a US$9.2 billion industry and a vital aspect of the state's culture. However, many targeted species remain unregulated and understudied, which hinders identifying population declines or important ecological interactions. The complex nature of recreational fishing means traditional data collection and analysis methods for assessing stock status and trends are not always appropriate or feasible. Recently, fisheries scientists have begun to recognize the value and importance of angler knowledge, behavior, and collaboration, and how angler-derived data can complement existing biological data and provide new insights. The purpose of this study was to present an overview of three methods for involving anglers in research and provide case studies from South Florida that demonstrate the success of these approaches for assessing and managing recreational fisheries.
A Collaborative Aerial Survey of Coastal Pelagic Species in Nearshore California Waters
Authors: Lynn Kirk , Dorval Emmanis , Porzio Dianna , Nguyen Trung
Published: November 2022

Pacific Sardine Sardinops sagax and Northern Anchovy Engraulis mordax are commercially important West Coast fish stocks managed within the Coastal Pelagic Species (CPS) complex by the Pacific Fishery Management Council and National Marine Fisheries Service. Before 2020, survey indices used in Pacific Sardine stock assessments did not explicitly account for nearshore biomass, which presumably had been relatively small compared to the total biomass of the population, but since 2015, has been a more substantial component of total biomass. During the recent Pacific Sardine stock decline, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the California Wetfish Producers Association collaborated on an aerial survey off California to estimate nearshore (within 3,600 m from shore) CPS biomass to inform assessments. This project has also involved federal fisheries biologists and Pacific Fishery Management Council advisory bodies and committees, representing a unique collaborative effort to improve data used in CPS fisheries management. We will discuss successes, issues, and challenges in implementing this nontraditional survey and how these data can continue to inform future stock assessments.
Effect of drying processes on the occurrence of lipid oxidation‐derived 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal in Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius)
Authors: Cui Kexin , Liu Nan , Sun Yong , Sun Guohui , Wang Shanshan , Yang Min , Wang Xiaoli , Zhou Deqing , Ge Yinggang , Wang Dajun , Wang Mingli
Published: November 2022

In this study, dry‐cured Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius, DCSM) was prepared via three different methods (hot‐air drying, cold‐air drying, and sun drying). The content of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal (HHE) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) derived from lipid oxidation in whole processes was investigated by HPLC‐MS/MS. The changes in fatty acid composition were detected by GC‐MS, and the degree of lipid oxidation was evaluated by the levels of acid values (AV), peroxide values (POV), and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that the drying process significantly accelerated lipid oxidation in DCSM. The contents of HHE and HNE were significantly increased after processing. The content of HHE was higher by 18.44‐, 13.45‐, and 16.32‐folds compared with that of HNE after three different processes, respectively. The HHE and HNE contents fluctuated upward during the hot‐air and cold‐air drying process. However, the contents of HHE and HNE increased time‐dependent during the sun drying process, with the highest values of 86.33 ± 10.54 and 5.29 ± 0.54 mg/kg fish among the three different processes. Besides, there was a significant positive correlation between HHE contents and n‐3 fatty acids content in hot‐air drying and sun drying processes (Pearson's r = .991/.996), and HNE occurrence was closely related to n‐6 fatty acid content in sun drying process (Pearson's r = .989). Regression analysis indicated that the content of HHE and TOTOXTBA values in DCSM showed good linear relationships (R2 value = .907), which suggested that the content of HHE could be used to estimate the oxidative deterioration of dry‐cured fish products.
Effect of Poling on Photocatalysis, Piezocatalysis, and Photo–Piezo Catalysis Performance of BaBi4Ti4O15 Ceramics
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Vaish Rahul , Sung Tae Hyun , Hwang Wonseop , Park Hyeong Kwang Benno , Kumar Anuruddh , Kebaili Imen , Boukhris Imed
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on analyzing the poling effect of BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT) on the basis of photo and piezo‐catalysis performance. BBT powder is prepared via a solid state reaction followed by calcination at 950 °C for 4 h. BBT is characterized by an X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical bandgap of BBT is evaluated with the help of Tauc's plot and found to be 3.29 eV, which comes in the photon energy range of ultra‐violet radiation. BBT powder is poled by using Corona poling in the presence of 2 kV mm−1 of electric field. An aqueous solution of methyl blue (MB) dye in the presence of UV radiation is used to evaluate the photo/piezocatalysis performance. Photocatalysis, piezocatalysis, and photo–piezo catalysis degradation efficiencies of poled and unpoled BBT powder are tested for 120 min of UV light irradiation. Photo–piezocatalysis shows degradation efficiencies of 62% and 40% for poled and unpoled BBT powder, respectively. Poling of BBT powder shows significant enhancement in degradation performance of MB dye in aqueous solution. Scavenger tests are also performed to identify reactive species.
In vivo grading of lipids in fatty liver by near‐infrared autofluorescence and reflectance
Authors: Lifante José , de la Fuente‐Fernández María , Román‐Carmena Marta , Fernandez Nuria , Jaque García Daniel , Granado Miriam , Ximendes Erving
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide. When untreated, it may lead to complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. The diagnosis of NAFLD is usually obtained by ultrasonography, a technique that can underestimate its prevalence. For this reason, physicians aspire for an accurate, cost‐effective, and noninvasive method to determine both the presence and the specific stage of the NAFLD. In this paper, we report an integrated approach for the quantitative estimation of the density of triglycerides in the liver based on the use of autofluorescence and reflectance signals generated by the abdomen of obese C57BL6/J mice. Singular value decomposition is applied to the generated spectra and its corresponding regression model provided a determination coefficient of 0.99 and a root mean square error of 240 mg/dl. This, in turn, enabled the quantitative imaging of triglycerides density in the livers of mice under in vivo conditions.
Marginalized youth participation in a civic engagement and leadership program: Photovoice and focus group empowerment activity
Authors: Koren Ainat , Mottola Elena
Published: November 2022

To evaluate marginalized youth participation in a civic engagement and leadership program accompanied by a photovoice activity. This study employed an exploratory qualitative method through semistructured focus group discussions among 11 participating teens, as well as 63 photographs from the photovoice activity and their accompanied narratives. The data was coded, and themes related to teens concerns and workshop impact were summarized. Focus group and photovoice analyses showed similar themes related to the experience of participants empowerment, identity recognition, community awareness, and desire for civic engagement. Participants conveyed concerns about gender and race discrimination, community drug abuse, littering, teen pregnancy, and overcrowded schools. This study has implications for professionals and researchers engaging with marginalized teens in the community. Photovoice methodology can complement any program that has teen empowerment among their goals of allowing participants to have a voice.
Predictors of burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction experienced by community health workers offering maternal and infant services in New York State
Authors: Rahman Rahbel , Ross Abigail M. , Huang Debbie , Kirkbride Gwyneth , Chesna Sharon , Rosenblatt Cassidy
Published: November 2022

Although burnout has been increasingly well studied among medical (nurses, physicians, residents) and mental health providers (psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers), there continues to be a lack of attention on the well‐being of community‐based providers, such as Community Health Workers (CHWs), within the United States. Using cross‐sectional data from 75 CHWs employed in 14 agencies funded through the Maternal and Infant Community Health Collaboratives Initiative (MICHC) in New York, our study examined predictors (anxiety, physical health, adverse childhood experiences, job satisfaction, role certainty, demographic and work characteristics) of burnout, compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our sample and linear regression was employed to investigate the correlates of burnout, CF and CS. Results indicated that CHWs with higher levels of anxiety and lower job satisfaction were more likely to have higher burnout scores. CHWs with higher levels of anxiety, lower job satisfaction and fewer days of poorer health were more likely to report higher CF. Those who worked more than 35 h per week were less likely to report higher CS. The study provides recommendations for organizational‐level interventions to address risk factors of burnout and CF and promote CS among CHWs, such as bolstering supervision, encouraging greater communication, offering recognition/appreciation of CHWs and creating opportunities for self‐care. Findings should be considered when designing organizational‐level preventive measures that mitigate burnout and CF and promote CS.
An update on maternal cardiac hemodynamics in fetal growth restriction and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Dall'Asta Andrea , Minopoli Monica , Ramirez Zegarra Ruben , Di Pasquo Elvira , Ghi Tullio
Published: November 2022

Pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) have been long related to primary placental dysfunction, caused by abnormal trophoblast invasion. Nevertheless, emerging evidence has led to a new hypothesis for the origin of pre‐eclampsia and FGR. Suboptimal maternal cardiovascular adaptation has been shown to result in uteroplacental hypoperfusion, ultimately leading to placental hypoxic damage with secondary dysfunction. In this review, we summarize current evidence on maternal cardiac hemodynamics in FGR and pre‐eclampsia. We also discuss the different approaches for antihypertensive treatment according to the hemodynamic phenotype observed in pre‐eclampsia and FGR.
Effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir and raltegravir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review
Authors: Townsend Claire L. , O'Rourke John , Milanzi Edith , Collins Intira Jeannie , Judd Ali , Castro Hannah , Vicari Marissa , Jesson Julie , Leroy Valériane , Renaud Françoise , Penazzato Martina
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Globally about 1.7 million children were living with HIV in 2020. Two integrase strand transfer inhibitors, dolutegravir and raltegravir, are increasingly used in children. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir and raltegravir in children and adolescents living with HIV, aged 0–19 years.

Methods

Sources included MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries, abstracts from key conferences and reference list searching. Observational studies and clinical trials published January 2009–March 2021 were eligible. Outcomes included efficacy/effectiveness (CD4 counts and viral load) and/or safety outcomes (mortality, grade 3/4 adverse events and treatment discontinuation) through 6 months or more post‐treatment initiation. Risk of bias was assessed using previously published tools appropriate for the study design. Narrative syntheses were conducted.

Results and discussion

In total, 3626 abstracts and 371 papers were screened. Eleven studies, including 2330 children/adolescents, reported data on dolutegravir: one randomized controlled trial (RCT; low risk of bias), one single‐arm trial (unclear risk of bias) and nine cohort studies (three low risk of bias, two unclear risk and four high risk). Ten studies, including 649 children/adolescents receiving raltegravir, were identified: one RCT (low risk of bias), one single‐arm trial (low risk of bias) and eight cohort studies (four low risk of bias, three unclear risk and one high risk). Viral suppression levels in children/adolescents at 12 months were high (>70%) in most studies assessing dolutegravir (mostly second‐ or subsequent‐line, or mixed treatment lines), and varied from 42% (5/12) to 83% (44/53) at 12 months in studies assessing raltegravir (mostly second‐ or subsequent‐line). Across all studies assessing dolutegravir or raltegravir, grade 3/4 adverse events (clinical and/or laboratory) were reported in 0–50% of subjects, few resulted in discontinuation, few were drug related and no deaths were attributed to either drug.

Conclusions

These reassuring findings suggest that dolutegravir and raltegravir are effective and safe as preferred regimens in children and adolescents living with HIV. With the rollout of dolutegravir in paediatric populations already underway, it is critical that data are collected on safety and effectiveness in infants, children and adolescents, including on longer‐term outcomes, such as weight and metabolic changes.
Advanced Diffusion MRI for prediction of Stroke Recovery
Authors: Hui Edward S.
Published: November 2022

There is an urgent need for ways to improve our understanding of poststroke recovery to inform the development of novel rehabilitative interventions, and improve the clinical management of stroke patients. Supported by the notion that predictive information on poststroke recovery is embedded not only in the individual brain regions, but also the connections throughout the brain, majority of previous investigations have focused on the relationship between brain functional connections and post‐stroke deficit and recovery. However, considering the fact that it is the static anatomical brain connections that constrain and facilitate the dynamic functional brain connections, the microstructures and structural connections of the brain may potentially be better alternatives to the functional MRI‐based biomarkers of stroke recovery. This review, therefore, seeks to provide an overview of the basic concept and applications of two recently proposed advanced diffusion MRI techniques, namely lesion network mapping and fixel‐based morphometry, that may be useful for the investigation of stroke recovery at the local and global levels of the brain. This review will also highlight the application of some of other emerging advanced diffusion MRI techniques that warrant further investigation in the context of stroke recovery research.
DNA virus oncoprotein HPV18 E7 selectively antagonizes cGAS‐STING‐triggered innate immune activation
Authors: Lou Meng , Huang Dingbo , Zhou Zhenbang , Shi Xinyu , Wu Miaowei , Rui Yajuan , Su Jiaming , Zheng Wenwen , Yu Xiao‐Fang
Published: November 2022

Cellular infections by DNA viruses trigger innate immune responses mediated by DNA sensors. The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway has been identified as a DNA‐sensing pathway that activates interferons in response to viral infection and, thus, mediates host defense against viruses. Previous studies have identified oncogenes E7 and E1A of the DNA tumor viruses, human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) and adenovirus, respectively, as inhibitors of the cGAS‐STING pathway. However, the function of STING in infected cells and the mechanism by which HPV18 E7 antagonizes STING‐induced Interferon beta production remain unknown. We report that HPV18 E7 selectively antagonizes STING‐triggered nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) activation but not IRF3 activation. HPV18 E7 binds to STING in a region critical for NF‐κB activation and blocks the nuclear accumulation of p65. Moreover, E7 inhibition of STING‐triggered NF‐κB activation is related to HPV pathogenicity but not E7–Rb binding. HPV18 E7, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 open reading frame 3a, human immunodeficiency virus‐2 viral protein X, and Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus KSHV viral interferon regulatory factor 1 selectively inhibited STING‐triggered NF‐κB or IRF3 activation, suggesting a convergent evolution among these viruses toward antagonizing host innate immunity. Collectively, selective suppression of the cGAS‐STING pathway by viral proteins is likely to be a key pathogenic determinant, making it a promising target for treating oncogenic virus‐induced tumor diseases.
Investigation of effect of the profile of screw flight on chocolate flow in 3D printing using an improved lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Deng Xu , Ding Shuang , Zhang Yanjun , Wei Xinlong
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

3D printing provides a new way of molding chocolate with complex geometrical structures. The screw extruder can efficiently transport the liquid chocolate, which has been adopted to investigate the effect of the profile of the screw flight on the flow. First, the rheological behavior of the liquid chocolate is measured and the Cross equation is demonstrated as the proper rheological model. Then, based on the rheological behavior, an improved lattice Boltzmann method is creatively proposed, for which the effectiveness is validated by the classical Poiseuille flow. Third, the geometrical structure of the screw extruder is analyzed and transformed. The possible changes in the profiles of the screw flights are listed. Finally, the fluid analysis is conducted and the necessary streamlines figures, cloud charts and velocity distributions are obtained.

RESULTS

The large dip angle in straight cases has an obvious effect on the velocity distribution and the common flow area. The position of the convex point is the additional important factor, whereas the concave profiles are the most moderate in the proposed cases.

CONCLUSION

The changes in the profiles will affect the chocolate flow. The work is significant for extrusion theory in 3D printing. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Homing of vertebral‐delivered mesenchymal stromal cells for degenerative intervertebral discs repair – an in vivo proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Schol Jordy , Sakai Daisuke , Warita Takayuki , Nukaga Tadashi , Sako Kosuke , Wangler Sebastian , Tamagawa Shota , Zeiter Stephan , Alini Mauro , Grad Sibylle
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Cell transplantation shows promising results for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair, however, contemporary strategies present concerns regarding needle puncture damage, cell retention, and straining the limited nutrient availability. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) homing is a natural mechanism of long‐distance cellular migration to sites of damage and regeneration. Previous ex vivo studies have confirmed the potential of MSC to migrate over the endplate and enhance IVD‐matrix production. In this study, we aimed to exploit this mechanism to engender IVD repair in a rat disc degeneration model.

Methods

Female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to coccygeal disc degeneration through nucleus pulposus (NP) aspiration. In part 1; MSC or saline was transplanted into the vertebrae neighboring healthy or degenerative IVD subjected to irradiation or left untouched, and the ability to maintain the IVD integrity for 2 and 4 weeks was assessed by disc height index (DHI) and histology. For part 2, ubiquitously GFP expressing MSC were transplanted either intradiscally or vertebrally, and regenerative outcomes were compared at days 1, 5, and 14 post‐transplantation. Moreover, the homing potential from vertebrae to IVD of the GFP+ MSC was assessed through cryosection mediated immunohistochemistry.

Results

Part 1 of the study revealed significantly improved maintenance of DHI for IVD vertebrally receiving MSC. Moreover, histological observations revealed a trend of IVD integrity maintenance. Part 2 of the study highlighted the enhanced DHI and matrix integrity for discs receiving MSC vertebrally compared with intradiscal injection. Moreover, GFP rates highlighted MSC migration and integration in the IVD at similar rates as the intradiscally treated cohort.

Conclusion

Vertebrally transplanted MSC had a beneficial effect on the degenerative cascade in their neighboring IVD, and thus potentially present an alternative administration strategy. Further investigation will be needed to determine the long‐term effects, elucidate the role of cellular homing versus paracrine signaling, and validate our observations on a large animal model.
Secondary Structures in Synthetic Poly(Amino Acids): Homo‐ and Copolymers of Poly(Aib), Poly(Glu), and Poly(Asp)
Authors: Rohmer Matthias , Freudenberg Jan , Binder Wolfgang Hubertus
Published: November 2022

The secondary structure of poly(amino acids) is an excellent tool for controlling and understanding the functionality and properties of proteins. In this perspective article the secondary structures of the homopolymers of oligo‐ and poly‐glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) are discussed. Information on external and internal factors, such as the nature of side groups, interactions with solvents and interactions between chains is reviewed. A special focus is directed on the folding in hybrid‐polymers consisting of oligo(amino acids) and synthetic polymers. Being part of the SFB TRR 102 “Polymers under multiple constraints: restricted and controlled molecular order and mobility” this overview is embedded into the cross section of protein fibrillation and supramolecular polymers. As polymer‐ and amino acid folding is an important step for the utilization and design of future biomolecules these principles guide to a deeper understanding of amyloid fibrillation.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PCP pathway related genes participate in the occurrence and development of neural tube defect
Authors: Liu Yan , Dong Liang , Zhi Xiufang , Liu Yang , Zhao Linsheng , Xu Xiaowei , Wang Lu , Zheng Jie , Pu Linjie , Gu Chunyu , Shu Jianbo , Cai Chunquan
Published: November 2022

Background

To screen the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions of VANGL and FZD family members related to the plane cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway in neural tube defects (NTDs) patients, so as to provide theoretical and experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of NTDs by intervening PCP signal transduction.

Methods

112 NTDs patients were collected as the case group and 112 craniocerebral trauma patients as control. Afterwards, blood genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced. The distribution of SNP alleles and genotypes between case and control groups was analyzed. Finally, the NTD rat model was constructed, and the effect of SNPs on the expression level of VANGL and FZD genes was verified by qRT‐PCR.

Results

GC genotype was newly found at VANGL1 c.346G>A, as well as AT genotype in FZD6 c.97A>G. The distribution of VANGL1 c.346g>A allele and genotype was statistically different between the case and control groups (p < 0.05). The newly found genotype GC increased the risk of NTDs (OR = 9.918, 95% CI: 1.234%–79.709%). The results of qRT‐PCR showed that the expression level of FZD6 in E11 NTD fetuses were significantly increased (p < 0.05), but there was no obvious difference in the expression of VANGL1.

Conclusion

We found a new variant of VANGL1 c.346G>A, whose GC genotype might play an important role in the pathogenesis of NTDs. The SNPs of VANGL1 had no significant effect on its expression level, indicating that it may induce NTDs through other ways. FZD6 was significantly overexpressed in NTDs fetuses.
Boundedness in a two‐dimensional self‐consistent chemotaxis–Navier–Stokes system with nonlinear diffusion
Authors: Yu Zhongqing , Li Yanjiang , Dong Ying
Published: November 2022

This paper deals with the self‐consistent chemotaxis–Navier–Stokes system with porous medium diffusion

in the two‐dimensional smoothly bounded domain, where the gravitational potential
is given function. Systems of this type involve the effect of gravity on cells (
) and the effect of the chemotactic force on fluid (
), which leads to a stronger coupling than usual chemotaxis‐fluid system that proposed by Tuval et al. (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 102 (2005), 2277‐2282) and studied widely in the most existing literatures. Under no‐flux boundary conditions for
and
and no‐slip boundary condition for
, it is proved that the system admits at least one global weak solution which is uniformly bounded if
. In particular, our result improves that established by Wang (Discr. Cont. Dyn. Syst. S 13 (2020), 329‐349), which asserts the global existence of weak solutions under the constraint
.
Development of accelerated angiography techniques
Authors: Mistretta Charles A.
Published: November 2022

This article summarizes a progression of techniques designed to provide higher spatial and temporal resolution for angiographic acquisition and, in some cases, significant dose reduction. These methods were developed over a time period from 1976 to the present.
Efficacy of perineal electrical stimulation in men with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yıldız Necmettin , Çelen Sinan , Özlülerden Yusuf , Alkan Hakan
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of perineal electrical stimulation (ES) on anxiety, depression, incontinence‐related quality of life (QoL), and clinical parameters in men with urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

Fifty‐eight men with UI after RP were randomized into two groups using the random numbers generator as follows: Group 1 received perineal ES (n:29), and Group 2 no treatment (n:29). Perineal ES was performed in lithotomy position via a stimulation device (Enraf Myomed 632) with surface electrodes, 3 days a week, 20 min a day, for a total of 24 sessions for 8 weeks. Men were evaluated in terms of continence rates (primary outcome), incontinence severity (24 h‐pad test), incontinence episodes (3‐day bladder diary), anxiety‐depression (HADS), QoL (IIQ‐7), and improvement rates and treatment satisfaction (Likert scale) at the baseline and the end of treatment (8th week).

Results

A statistically significant improvement was found in all parameters except depression in Group 1, in the severity of incontinence and QoL parameters in Group 2 at the 8th week compared to the baseline values (p < 0.05). At the end of treatment; the severity of incontinence, incontinence episodes, QoL, and anxiety were significantly improved in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of depression (p > 0.05). The continence and improvement rates and treatment satisfaction were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Perineal ES is more effective than no treatment in men with UI after RP as an alternative ES option that is well tolerated and does not produce serious adverse events. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05236140.
Nurses' perspective on team learning in interprofessional teams
Authors: Anselmann Veronika , Disque Hannah
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study is to find out what learning activities in interprofessional teams and what influencing factors for team learning activities in interprofessional teams can be described by nurses working in interprofessional teams.

Design

We conducted a descriptive interview study.

Methods

We used a semi‐structured interview guideline and interviewed 10 nurses (N = 10) working in interprofessional teams. We analyzed our data using a qualitative content analysis.

Results

Nurses describe team learning activities of knowledge sharing, team reflection, and storing and retrieving. Furthermore, our results show that team stability is important for interprofessional teams.

Patient or Public Contribution

Our results can be helpful for hospitals to improve organizational structures that help interprofessional teams to work together. Furthermore, vocational education and training for nurses should offer possibilities for nursing students to learn together with students of other fields
Disease perception and experience in people with diabetic retinopathy: A qualitative study
Authors: Fan Chunmei , Liu Yuzhao , Huai Baosha , Sheng Yuan , Wu Tinglan , Gao Wei , Chen Hongmei , Wang Hong , Wang Yangang
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of people with diabetic retinopathy and to understand the impact of the disease on them including the practical problems faced in the day‐to‐day life.

Design

Descriptive qualitative research.

Methods

A convenience sample of 11 patients with diabetic retinopathy who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospitals in Shandong province of China were enrolled. Data were collected using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. The six‐stage thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke was used for data analysis.

Results

Three themes and 12 sub‐themes were extracted, namely: countdown to darkness (lack of disease knowledge, bystander's perspective, distrust of grassroots hospitals); Endless abyss (action restrictions, social isolation, stigma, lost of meaning in life, catastrophizing explanations, a heavy burden); Light chaser (craving for light, turning points in behaviour, self‐adjustment).
A multistep collocation method for solving advection equations with delay
Authors: Sadeghi Bahareh , Maleki Mohammad , Kamali Zeinab , Almasieh Homa
Published: November 2022

Advection equations with delay are appeared in the modeling of the dynamics of structured cell populations. In this article, we construct an efficient two‐dimensional multistep collocation method for the numerical solution of a class of advection equations with delay. Equations with aftereffect and equations with both aftereffect and retardation of a state variable are considered. Computability of the algorithm and convergence properties of the proposed numerical method are analyzed for solutions in appropriate Sobolev spaces, and it is shown that the proposed scheme enjoys the spectral accuracy. Numerical examples are given and comparison with other existing methods in the literature is made to demonstrate the efficiency, superiority and high accuracy of the presented method.
A general approach to calculate the stiffness tensor of short‐fiber composites using the fabric tensor determined by X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: De Pascalis Fabio , Lionetto Francesca , Maffezzoli Alfonso , Nacucchi Michele
Published: November 2022

In this work, a general method to predict the stiffness tensor of short‐fiber composites as a function of the fabric tensor (i.e. the tensor describing the architectural anisotropy of the micro‐structure), determined by X‐ray computed tomography, is presented. The proposed method does not depend on the type of fabric tensor used to characterize the symmetry properties of the composite. The experimental data used for method validation were obtained from thermoplastic composite matrices reinforced with short carbon and basalt fibers. The components of the stiffness tensor were calculated using the Mori‐Tanaka model and the Halpin‐Tsai equation for the stiffness of aligned short‐fiber composites, but other micromechanics models could be used as well. The statistical alignment of the fibers in each portion of the sample was measured by determining the principal axes of the fabric tensor. The average properties calculated on sub‐volumes provided moduli values in very good agreement with those determined experimentally. This approach is very general and easy to implement and does not need any numerical analysis tools.
Study on the spatial distribution of coumarins in Angelica dahurica root by MALDI‐TOF‐MSI
Authors: Gao Hui , Li Qian
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The main chemical components of Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. are coumarins and volatile oils, and coumarins are regarded as the representative constituents with various pharmacological effects.

Objective

Based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐TOF‐MSI), a method for spatial distribution analysis of coumarins in primary root and lateral root of A. dahurica was established. Also, spatial visualization of coumarins in the roots of A. dahurica was realized.

Materials and Methods

α‐Cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 9‐aminoacridine were used as matrices. MALDI‐TOF‐MSI was employed to analyze the standards of imperatorin, oxypeucedanin, and osthole. Based on the higher sensitivity and repeatability of MALDI‐TOF‐MSI, the CHCA matrix was selected. The matrix was used for MALDI‐TOF‐MSI in positive mode to analyze the distribution of coumarins in primary root and lateral root of A. dahurica.

Results

In total, 37 coumarins were detected in primary root and 36 coumarins were detected in lateral root by MALDI‐TOF‐MSI. The results showed that the coumarin content in primary root was higher than that in lateral root. Coumarins in primary root of A. dahurica were concentrated in the periderm, cortex, and phloem, whereas coumarins in lateral roots were concentrated in the phloem.

Conclusion

The coumarins in primary root and lateral root of A. dahurica were directly analyzed without extraction and isolation, and the spatial distribution of coumarins was comprehensively visualized for the first time by MALDI‐TOF‐MSI, which provided a basis for distinguishing primary root and lateral root.
Spectrally Resolved Kinetics of Energy Transfer Within a Single Emission Band of Highly Luminescent Thick‐Shell CdSe/CdS Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Zatryb Grzegorz , Adamski Adrian , Chrzanowski Maciej , Banski Mateusz , Zak Andrzej M. , Podhorodecki Artur
Published: November 2022

The resonant energy transfer (ET) between quantum dots (QDs) can influence the performance of some devices, such as QD light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). Since the ET efficiency decreases as a function of donor–acceptor distance, QDs of the thick shell allow reducing its impact. However, synthesizing thick‐shell QDs of narrow, symmetric size distribution is challenging. This article shows that too broad size distribution can result in ET, even for QDs characterized by a thick shell, high quantum yield, and narrow emission spectrum. The impact of ET may remain undetected by standard spectroscopic characterization methods since ET occurs mainly from the blue tail of the luminescence spectrum. Here, ET is investigated for CdSe/CdS QDs characterized by a thick shell and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. It is shown that despite the thick shell significantly limiting the ET efficiency at the maximum of the PL band, the ET at higher emission energies is clearly observable. Finally, a new parameter describing the non‐single exponential shapes of PL decay curves is introduced. It is shown that such a parameter helps to study ET phenomena, allowing to collect all important information regarding the non‐single exponential character of PL decays on a single graph.
Lead exposure from general aviation emissions in the UK: A review and call for action
Authors: Mills Ashley , Peckham Stephen
Published: November 2022

Leaded fuel emissions exposed a global population of children to lead and its profound health consequences. Recognition of its harms precipitated a global phase out and replacement with unleaded substitutes for road vehicles. Despite this widespread recognition and action, aviation fuel for piston engine aircraft still contains lead. Leaded aviation fuel (AVGAS100LL) contains 0.56 g of tetraethyl lead (TEL) per litre and this lead must be jettisoned from the engine during operation to prevent fouling. This action distributes lead and lead compounds into the air and soil around general aviation airports. This has been shown to increase the blood lead levels (BLLs) of children living nearby to clinically significant levels. Whilst this problem is recognised by the EPA in the United States, it has received little attention in the United Kingdom. We provide a review of the situation in the United Kingdom with regard to the current policy and regulation framework. We analysed the UK's general aviation airport fleet, general avation airport data and GB residential address data. We estimate the unleaded‐readiness of the UK aviation fleet and the current usage of fuels at UK general aviation airports. We provide a first‐order estimate of the number of residential addresses exposed to lead near general aviation airports. We find that the majority of aviation fuel sold in the United Kingdom is leaded and that there are 370,632 residences within 4 km of a general aviation airport at risk from exposure to lead emissions. Finally, we present a path forward for regulation change and public health monitoring.
Impact of the similarity functions of surface layer parametrization in a climate model over the Indian region
Authors: Namdev Prabhakar , Sharan Maithili , Mishra Saroj K.
Published: November 2022

Impact of the similarity functions of surface layer parametrization in National Centre for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (NCAR‐CAM5) is examined over the Indian region. The surface layer parametrization is based on the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), which uses momentum and heat similarity functions to parametrize surface turbulent fluxes. In the present study, some of the well‐established similarity functions under stable as well as unstable stratification have been incorporated in the surface layer scheme of NCAR‐CAM5. Eight simulations have been conducted using different similarity functions with and without a limit on stability parameter along with the simulation using the default surface layer scheme. The impact of the incorporated functions on surface fluxes, near‐surface variables, and precipitation has been assessed in this climate model over different climatic zones for the boreal winter and summer seasons. The model represents the timing of diurnal variation of 2 m temperature and turbulent fluxes accurately with higher correlation in all simulations, but the performance of the schemes is found to be sensitive to the climatic zones and seasons. During the winter season, most of the schemes overestimate the night‐time surface air temperature over different climatic zones, but the simulation having a model performance index (MPI) of about 0.91 alleviates the bias. Under unstable stratification, the default scheme performs better than incorporated schemes in the winter season, whereas in boreal summer under unstable (stable) stratification, the incorporated functional form having an MPI of about 0.94 (0.97) does better than default and other schemes. As the performance of the functions is spatially and temporally dependent, based on the region and season of interest, the schemes may judiciously be chosen for the climate simulations.
A new p‐control chart with measurement error correction
Authors: Chen Li‐Pang , Yang Su‐Fen
Published: November 2022

Control charts are important tools to monitor quality of products. One of useful applications is to monitor the proportion of non‐conforming products. However, in practical applications, measurement error is ubiquitous and may occur due to false records or misclassification, which makes the observed proportion different from the underlying true proportion. It is also well‐known that ignoring measurement error effects provides biases, and is expected that the resulting control charts may incur wrong detection. In this paper, we study this important problem and propose a valid method to correct for measurement error effects and obtain error‐eliminated control chart for the proportion of non‐conforming products. In addition, unlike traditional approaches, the corrected EWMA p‐control chart provides asymmetric control limits and is flexible to handle the data with small sample size. Numerical results are conducted to justify the validity of the corrected EWMA p‐control chart and verify the necessity of measurement error correction.