bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geophysical Uncertainties in Air Pollution Exposure and Benefits of Emissions Reductions for Global Health
Authors: Parsons L. A. , Shindell D. , Faluvegi G. , Nagamoto E.
Published: September 2023

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with large‐scale health consequences, but the ranges in estimates of global air pollution exposure and PM2.5‐related global premature mortality remain understudied. Using four model/observation‐based PM2.5 data sets and six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate models, we compare ranges in current PM2.5‐related mortality estimates based on model/observation combinations to the range of projected emissions reductions and the resulting impacts on global health from CMIP6 models. Although estimates of current mortality are sensitive to the PM2.5 data set (6.54–9.23 million/year using the central estimate from the Global Exposure Mortality Model), the projected near‐term benefits of emissions reductions for reduced mortality are much more certain. Specifically, until the middle of the century, uncertainty ranges in projected avoided deaths are less than the magnitude of ranges in present‐day mortality estimates, even when projected future changing socio‐demographic factors are considered. Under a low‐emissions scenario, avoided cumulative early deaths could reach 275 million (range: 243–351 million) by 2100, assuming no future socio‐demographic changes. Avoided cumulative deaths could reach 124 million (range: 74–246 million) if changing future socio‐demographic factors are considered. As the global population ages and becomes more sensitive to breathing polluted air, there will be an increasing need for policies that both reduce air pollution and improve public health.
Mesoscale Structure and Properties of the Terrestrial Magnetotail Plasma Sheet From the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
Authors: Vo T. , Ergun R. E. , Usanova M. E. , Chasapis A.
Published: September 2023

Using Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) orbits in the Earth's magnetotail from 2017 to 2020, plasma conditions and the 3D spatial structure of inner‐magnetotail plasma environments (with a focus on the plasma sheet (PS)) are studied with different approaches. Threshold conditions for distinguishing the PS, PS boundary layers, and lobes are derived from the statistical properties of background plasma parameters. Our results support previous studies that employed similar methods using Cluster data. However, stronger currents are observed in both the lobes and PS, likely due to the smaller spacecraft separation (≲70 km) that can resolve thin electron‐scale currents. Threshold conditions are used together with magnetic field and electric field measurements to image the spatial structure of the PS. Results are in good agreement with a global neutral sheet model based on solar wind conditions and magnetospheric configurations. Furthermore, the Earth's dipole tilts toward the Sun around June solstice, which warps the magnetotail as much as ∼2–4 RE in Z geocentric solar magnetospheric. This warping effect is relaxed toward September equinox. Consequently, as MMS travels through the magnetotail from dawn to dusk during this period, there is an apparent dawn‐dusk asymmetry in plasma conditions between June and September. Kink‐like flapping waves and interplanetary magnetic field twisting are other mesoscale processes attributed with a few RE of flaring near the flanks. These findings reveal important insights into the mesoscale structure and dynamics of the magnetotail.
Bayesian Inference and Global Sensitivity Analysis for Ambient Solar Wind Prediction
Authors: Issan Opal , Riley Pete , Camporeale Enrico , Kramer Boris
Published: September 2023

The ambient solar wind plays a significant role in propagating interplanetary coronal mass ejections and is an important driver of space weather geomagnetic storms. A computationally efficient and widely used method to predict the ambient solar wind radial velocity near Earth involves coupling three models: Potential Field Source Surface, Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge (WSA), and Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation. However, the model chain has 11 uncertain parameters that are mainly non‐physical due to empirical relations and simplified physics assumptions. We, therefore, propose a comprehensive uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework that is able to successfully quantify and reduce parametric uncertainties in the model chain. The UQ framework utilizes variance‐based global sensitivity analysis followed by Bayesian inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo to learn the posterior densities of the most influential parameters. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the five most influential parameters are all WSA parameters. Additionally, we show that the posterior densities of such influential parameters vary greatly from one Carrington rotation to the next. The influential parameters are trying to overcompensate for the missing physics in the model chain, highlighting the need to enhance the robustness of the model chain to the choice of WSA parameters. The ensemble predictions generated from the learned posterior densities significantly reduce the uncertainty in solar wind velocity predictions near Earth.
Temporospatial inhibition of Erk signaling is required for lymphatic valve formation
Authors: Meng Yaping , Lv Tong , Zhang Junfeng , Shen Weimin , Li Lifang , Li Yaqi , Liu Xin , Lei Xing , Lin Xuguang , Xu Hanfang , Meng Anming , Jia Shunji
Published: September 2023

Intraluminal lymphatic valves (LVs) and lymphovenous valves (LVVs) are critical to ensure the unidirectional flow of lymphatic fluid. Morphological abnormalities in these valves always cause lymph or blood reflux, and result in lymphedema. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of valve development remains poorly understood. We here report the implication of Efnb2-Ephb4-Rasa1 regulated Erk signaling axis in lymphatic valve development with identification of two new valve structures. Dynamic monitoring of phospho-Erk activity indicated that Erk signaling is spatiotemporally inhibited in some lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during the valve cell specification. Inhibition of Erk signaling via simultaneous depletion of zygoticerk1anderk2or treatment with MEK inhibitor selumetinib causes lymphatic vessel hypoplasia and lymphatic valve hyperplasia, suggesting opposite roles of Erk signaling during these two processes.ephb4bmutants,efnb2a;efnb2borrasa1a;rasa1bdouble mutants all have defective LVs and LVVs and exhibit blood reflux into lymphatic vessels with an edema phenotype. Importantly, the valve defects inephb4borrasa1a;rasa1bmutants are mitigated with high-levelgata2expression in the presence of MEK inhibitors. Therefore, Efnb2-Ephb4 signaling acts to suppress Erk activation in valve-forming cells to promote valve specification upstream of Rasa1. Not only do our findings reveal a molecular mechanism of lymphatic valve formation, but also provide a basis for the treatment of lymphatic disorders.
A Quantum-Chemical Bonding Database for Solid-State Materials
Authors: Naik Aakash Ashok , Ertural Christina , Dhamrait Nidal , Benner Philipp , George Janine
Published: September 2023

An in-depth insight into the chemistry and nature of the individual chemical bonds is essential for understanding materials. Bonding analysis is thus expected to provide important features for large-scale data analysis and machine learning of material properties. Such chemical bonding information can be computed using the LOBSTER software package, which post-processes modern density functional theory data by projecting the plane wave-based wave functions onto an atomic orbital basis. With the help of a fully automatic workflow, the VASP and LOBSTER software packages are used to generate the data. We then perform bonding analyses on 1520 compounds (insulators and semiconductors) and provide the results as a database. The projected densities of states and bonding indicators are benchmarked on standard density-functional theory computations and available heuristics, respectively. Lastly, we illustrate the predictive power of bonding descriptors by constructing a machine learning model for phononic properties, which shows an increase in prediction accuracies by 27% (mean absolute errors) compared to a benchmark model differing only by not relying on any quantum-chemical bonding features.
Real-world evidence of ocrelizumab-treated relapsing multiple sclerosis cohort shows changes in progression independent of relapse activity mirroring phase 3 trials
Authors: Ingwersen J. , Masanneck L. , Pawlitzki M. , Samadzadeh S. , Weise M. , Aktas O. , Meuth S. G. , Albrecht P.
Published: September 2023

Ocrelizumab is a B cell-depleting drug widely used in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary-progressive MS. In RRMS, it is becoming increasingly apparent that accumulation of disability not only manifests as relapse-associated worsening (RAW) but also as progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) throughout the disease course. This study’s objective was to investigate the role of PIRA in RRMS patients treated with ocrelizumab. We performed a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study of clinical data acquired at a German tertiary multiple sclerosis referral center from 2018 to 2022. All patients with RRMS treated with ocrelizumab for at least six months and complete datasets were analyzed. Confirmed disability accumulation (CDA) was defined as a ≥ 12-week confirmed increase from the previous expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score of ≥ 1.0 if the previous EDSS was ≤  5.5 or a ≥ 0.5-point increase if the previous EDSS was > 5.5. PIRA was defined as CDA without relapse since the last EDSS measurement and at least for the preceding 12 weeks. RAW was defined as CDA in an interval of EDSS measurements with ≥ 1 relapses. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the probability of developing PIRA depending on various factors, including disease duration, previous disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), and optical coherence tomography-assessed retinal degeneration parameters. 97 patients were included in the analysis. Mean follow-up time was 29 months (range 6 to 51 months). 23.5% developed CDA under ocrelizumab therapy (n = 23). Of those, the majority developed PIRA (87.0% of CDA, n = 20) rather than RAW (13.0% of CDA, n = 3). An exploratory investigation using Cox proportional hazards ratios revealed two possible factors associated with an increased probability of developing PIRA: a shorter disease duration prior to ocrelizumab (p = 0.02) and a lower number of previous DMTs prior to ocrelizumab (p = 0.04). Our data show that in ocrelizumab-treated RRMS patients, the main driver of disability accumulation is PIRA rather than RAW. Furthermore, these real-world data show remarkable consistency with data from phase 3 randomized controlled trials of ocrelizumab in RRMS, which may increase confidence in translating results from tightly controlled RCTs into the real-world clinical setting.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis of noncoding RNAs with tumor immune microenvironment in gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Jun , Hu Shengnan , Chen Qiuli , Shu Lilu , Wang Peter , Wang Jianjiang
Published: September 2023

In recent years, molecular and genetic research hotspots of gastric cancer have been investigated, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNAs). The study on the role of lncRNAs may help to develop personalized treatment and identify potential prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. The RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of gastric cancer were downloaded from the TCGA database. Differential analysis of RNA expression between gastric cancer samples and normal samples was performed using the edgeR package. The ceRNA regulatory network was visualized using Cytoscape. KEGG pathway analysis of mRNAs in the ceRNA network was performed using the clusterProfiler package. CIBERSORT was used to distinguish 22 immune cell types and the prognosis-related genes and immune cells were determined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses. To estimate these nomograms, we used receiver operating characteristic and calibration curve studies. The ceRNA regulation network of gastric cancer was built in this study, and the genes in the network were analyzed for prognosis. A total of 980 lncRNAs were differentially expressed, of which 774 were upregulated and 206 were downregulated. A survival study identified 15 genes associated with gastric cancer prognosis, including VCAN-AS1, SERPINE1, AL139002.1, LINC00326, AC018781.1, C15orf54, hsa-miR-145. Monocytes and Neutrophils were associated with the survival rate of gastric cancer. Our research uncovers new ceRNA network for the detection, treatment, and monitoring of gastric cancer.
Three-dimensional evaluation of a virtual setup considering the roots and alveolar bone in molar distalization cases
Authors: Huh Jaewook , Liu Jing , Yu Jae-Hun , Choi Yoon Jeong , Ahn Hee-Kap , Chung Chooryung J. , Cha Jung-Yul , Kim Kyung-Ho
Published: September 2023

We aimed to evaluate root parallelism and the dehiscence or fenestrations of virtual teeth setup using roots isolated from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Sixteen patients undergoing non-extraction orthodontic treatment with molar distalization were selected. Composite teeth were created by merging CBCT-isolated roots with intraoral scan-derived crowns. Three setups were performed sequentially: crown setup considering only the crowns, root setup-1 considering root alignment, and root setup-2 considering the roots and surrounding alveolar bone. We evaluated the parallelism and exposure of the roots and compared the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS) scores using three-dimensionally printed models among the setups. The mean angulation differences between adjacent teeth in root setups-1 and -2 were significantly smaller than in the crown setup, except for some posterior teeth (p < 0.05). The amount of root exposure was significantly smaller in root setup-2 compared to crown setup and root setup-1 except when the mean exposure was less than 0.6 mm (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in ABO-OGS scores among the setups. Thus, virtual setup considering the roots and alveolar bone can improve root parallelism and reduce the risk of root exposure without compromising occlusion quality.
The prediction of Chongqing's GDP based on the LASSO method and chaotic whale group algorithm–back propagation neural network–ARIMA model
Authors: Chen Juntao , Wu Jibo
Published: September 2023

Accurate GDP forecasts are vital for strategic decision-making and effective macroeconomic policies. In this study, we propose an innovative approach for Chongqing's GDP prediction, combining the LASSO method with the CWOA—BP–ARIMA model. Through meticulous feature selection based on Pearson correlation and Lasso regression, we identify key economic indicators linked to Chongqing's GDP. These indicators serve as inputs for the optimized CWOA–BP–ARIMA model, demonstrating its superiority over Random Forest, MLP, GA–BP, and CWOA–BP models. The CWOA–BP–ARIMA model achieves a remarkable 95% reduction in MAE and a significant 94.2% reduction in RMSE compared to Random Forest. Furthermore, it shows substantial reductions of 80.6% in MAE and 77.8% in RMSE compared to MLP, along with considerable reductions of 77.3% in MAE and 75% in RMSE compared to GA–BP. Moreover, compared to its own CWOA–BP counterpart, the model attains an impressive 30.7% reduction in MAE and a 20.46% reduction in RMSE. These results underscore the model's predictive accuracy and robustness, establishing it as a reliable tool for economic planning and decision-making. Additionally, our study calculates GDP prediction intervals at different confidence levels, further enhancing forecasting accuracy. The research uncovers a close relationship between GDP and key indicators, providing valuable insights for policy formulation. Based on the predictions, Chongqing's GDP is projected to experience positive growth, reaching 298,880 thousand yuan in 2022, 322,990 thousand yuan in 2023, and 342,730 thousand yuan in 2024. These projections equip decision-makers with essential information to formulate effective policies aligned with economic trends. Overall, our study provides valuable knowledge and tools for strategic decision-making and macroeconomic policy formulation, showcasing the exceptional performance of the CWOA–BP–ARIMA model in GDP prediction.
Deciphering transcriptomic determinants of the divergent link between PD-L1 and immunotherapy efficacy
Authors: Li Anlin , Luo Linfeng , Du Wei , Yu Zhixin , He Lina , Fu Sha , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Yixin , Yang Chunlong , Yang Yunpeng , Fang Wenfeng , Zhang Li , Hong Shaodong
Published: September 2023

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression remains the most widely used biomarker for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but its predictiveness varies considerably. Identification of factors accounting for the varying PD-L1 performance is urgently needed. Here, using data from three independent trials comprising 1239 patients, we have identified subsets of cancer with distinct PD-L1 predictiveness based on tumor transcriptome. In the Predictiveness-High (PH) group, PD-L1+ tumors show better overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rate with ICI than PD-L1- tumors across three trials. However, the Predictiveness-Low (PL) group demonstrates an opposite trend towards better outcomes for PD-L1- tumors. PD-L1+ tumors from the PH group demonstrate the superiority of ICI over chemotherapy, whereas PD-L1+ tumors from the PL group show comparable efficacy between two treatments or exhibit an opposite trend favoring chemotherapy. This observation of context-dependent predictiveness remains strong regardless of immune subtype (Immune-Enriched or Non-Immune), PD-L1 regulation mechanism (adaptative or constitutive), tumor mutation burden, or neoantigen load. This work illuminates avenues for optimizing the use of PD-L1 expression in clinical decision-making and trial design, although this exploratory concept should be further confirmed in large trials.
Eco-friendly and Sustainable Materials and Processes for Producing Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Bayer Ilker S.
Published: September 2023

Until now, superhydrophobicity has been successfully mimicked by scientists through careful observation and analysis of naturally occurring surfaces with this property. The main result is the distinct hierarchical scale texture found on water-repellent plant and insect surfaces. These textures also contain unusual waxy protrusions or structures that can readily trap air beneath water droplets. With modern nanofabrication, lithographic and wet chemistry techniques, scientists can replicate such surface textures and make them more complex. In doing so, many synthetic materials that have a very low affinity for water are used. Perfluorinated substances are among them but present some environmental issues. Additionally, the majority of superhydrophobic coating formulations and processing are thought to be either prohibitively expensive to implement into standard industrial practice or not environmentally friendly enough to support large-scale fabrication. However, recently significant efforts have been made to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings using natural materials and environmentally friendly methods that have a smaller potential environmental impact. This chapter introduces, evaluates and discusses such advances, comparing their effectiveness with that of conventional methods while recognizing the difficulties and emphasizing the need to devote more resources to the development of strong and durable superhydrophobic coatings resulting from clever processing of natural materials or synthetic biodegradables with environmentally friendly technologies.
Wax-integrated Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Saji Viswanathan S.
Published: September 2023

The availability, commercial viability and inherent hydrophobic characteristics of waxes have attracted substantial research attention for engineering advanced superhydrophobic coatings in several applications, including anti-corrosion, paper, textile, food and wood industries and oil separation. This chapter provides a concise account of wax-based artificial superhydrophobic coatings and their various types and applications. Wax-incorporated composite coatings of ceramic nanomaterials, carbon nanostructures and polymers are highlighted.
Superhydrophobic Polymers
Authors: Ellinas K. , Dimitrakellis P.
Published: September 2023

Hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity are well-known bioinspired properties of several plant surfaces. This kind of wetting control can lead to many applications, e.g. self-cleaning, enhanced heat-transfer properties, friction control, anti-biofouling surfaces, etc. Wetting control can permit a wide range of applications for polymers and therefore several polymer modification and synthesis methods have been proposed. This chapter is dedicated to the description of the most important fabrication methods to realize superhydrophobic polymers and wetting control of polymers in general, which are classified into two main categories: the top-down and the bottom-up approaches.
Superhydrophobic Coatings on Wood
Authors: Arminger B. , Janesch J.
Published: September 2023

Wood is one of the most important materials for our future, but it requires protection from damage caused by its complex interactions with water. Superhydrophobic surfaces offer a new way to prevent excessive liquid water uptake and research in recent years has produced many exciting approaches to their manufacture. This chapter describes the need for and the state of the art of wood protection, presents the main methods for fabricating superhydrophobic wood surfaces and possible areas of application, and discusses what steps are still necessary for superhydrophobic wood to make a commercial breakthrough soon.
Self-healing Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Shome Arpita , Das Avijit , Manna Uttam
Published: September 2023

The self-healing ability of tissues in living organisms is a classic example of naturally existing self-healing phenomena. Similarly, the ability of the lotus leaf to regenerate its dual-length topography and reinstate the hydrophobic wax coating after any physical/chemical damage has provided cues for the development of bio-inspired self-healing superhydrophobic materials to tackle the existing durability concerns and, therefore, enhance the shelf-life of the embedded superhydrophobicity. The general pathways for obtaining artificial self-healing superhydrophobicity are either (a) storage of the low surface energy molecules within the hierarchical topography that is capable of migrating to the physically damaged surface to restore the essential surface chemistry and thus reinstate the lost water repellency or (b) regeneration of the compromised rough surface features to restore the essential topography for retrieving superhydrophobicity. In a few cases, simultaneous regeneration of both the chemistry and topography has been reported, thus eliminating the dependence on either one of the factors (topography or chemistry) for obtaining self-healing extremely water-repellent materials for a wide range of practical applications. This chapter describes the different approaches adapted for designing healable superhydrophobicity.
ACUTE MOTOR NEUROPATHY WITH CONDUCTION BLOCKS: ANOTHER GUILLAIN‐BARRÉ SYNDROME (GBS) VARIANT?
Authors: Capasso M. , Caporale C. , Lugaresi A. , Uncini A.
Published: September 2023

Up to now four patients with acute, purely motor, demyelinating neuropathy and conduction blocks have been described. Three cases had Campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) enteritis. In two ab anti‐GM1 were detected, along with ab anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a in one. Two men (41 and 20 years old) developed weakness respectively ten days after enteritis and rubella. Examination showed in both proximal and distal weakness in all limbs with no sensory loss. Tendon reflexes were normal in the first patient, and brisk in the second. CSF proteins were increased. Serological tests did not support a recent CJ infection. High titres of IgG anti‐GD1a and IgM anti‐GM1 were found in the first patient. Electrophysiological examination showed, since the first days after onset, partial motor conduction block in ulnar nerves of the first patient and in eight motor nerves of the second patient. Sensory conductions were normal even across the sites of conduction block. Four plasmaphereses were performed. In the first patient conduction blocks gradually improved to disappear in 3 weeks without excessive temporal dispersion of proximal motor responses. In the second patient conduction blocks disappeared in 8–16 weeks with development of excessive temporal dispersion in 4  /  8 nerves.

We deem that acute motor neuropathy with conduction block is a GBS variant in which only motor fibers are involved with early conduction block in intermediate nerve segments. Our electrophysiological findings indicate that conduction block may be of the “anaesthetic type” followed by fast recovery or may progress to de‐remyelination with a slower course.
The Analysis of Soil Contamination Related to Mask Production and Consumption during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dong Penghui
Published: September 2023

This paper focuses on the analysis of possible sources of soil contamination related to mask production, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The target of the study is to analyze two possible sources, mask production and mask consumption, to evaluate their contributions to soil contamination. Based on the analysis of current studies, one of the composites of surgical masks, polypropylene, is harmful to the environment. Considering that researching the universal situation of soil contamination can be too broad to investigate soil contamination, this paper proposes that China performs a good case study. Using statistics on mask production and particulate matter pollution led to the conclusion that only mask consumption and disposal result in contamination instead of the manufacturing process of masks in industries. At last, China’s response to soil contamination is also examined. Therefore, this paper concludes and discusses several possible actions that could be adopted to combat soil contamination in China.
Study on the Application of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Passenge Cars and Prospects
Authors: Hou Zhengyun , Zhang Zhongkai , Zhou Haoyun
Published: September 2023

The increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy sources has driven extensive research and development in the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the advancements in hydrogen fuel cell technology and its potential application in passenger cars as a widely available, clean, and efficient energy source. By reviewing the current status of hydrogen fuel cells and national policies governing their implementation, this study aims to shed light on the development characteristics of China's hydrogen fuel cell industry, while also drawing comparisons with international hydrogen fuel cell policies and applications. Additionally, the article evaluates the performance of existing hydrogen fuel cell passenger cars in the market and proposes the application of future cutting-edge technologies to further enhance their capabilities. Through meticulous paraphrasing and enrichment, this scholarly work offers a comprehensive overview of hydrogen fuel cell technology, delves into the intricate landscape of the industry, and explores the promising prospects for its continued advancement. By encompassing a wide array of aspects related to hydrogen fuel cell technology, this article contributes to the academic discourse surrounding sustainable and efficient energy solutions for the transportation sector.
Research on the Ecological and Economic Impacts of Rising Sea Levels on Mangroves in Southern Florida in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Ding Xiaoyan
Published: September 2023

The decline in mangrove ecosystems is a major contributor to the loss of biodiversity, extra carbon release, and local economic instability, particularly in tropical coastal regions that are constantly influenced by climate changes. Despite the importance of the mangroves, there is limited research investigating the consequences. Under the context, this research examines the correlation between mangrove density, sea level rise, and economic impacts in Southern Florida. The work aims to address three main questions: (i) what are the ecological impacts of sea level rising on mangroves density; (ii) what are the economic implications of mangrove loss; (iii) what extent of government intervention should be imposed on the environmental problem. The research presents a two-variable graph that examines the relationship between mangrove density in Southern Florida and sea level rise, analyzing its overall correlation in the Caribbean region. Another correlation study of the impacts of mangrove loss on local tourism is created and set as the focus. The conventional hedonic method is applied as the tool of evaluating mangroves value. The results demonstrate a close negative correlation between sea level and mangrove density, and a positive correlation of mangroves density and local tourism.
Does the Popularization of New Energy Vehicle Facilitates the Improvement of Air Quality? Taking China as Evidence
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2023

Automobile exhaust always makes up a significant portion of the causes of air pollution, and new energy vehicles (NEV) are being investigated as a potential solution to the problem of urban air pollution. Through a number of policy incentives and infrastructure improvements, the Chinese government encourages the quick development of the new energy automotive sector. National air quality has also improved dramatically in recent years. In this context, the primary goal of this study is to explore whether there is a significant positive correlation between the popularization of NEVs and air quality. This study looks for data on the penetration rate of NEVs in various provinces and cities across the country, as well as the data on the number of days with air quality, and makes a visual chart to show the change trend from 2013 to 2022. Finally, policy recommendations are given. The government should adapt to local conditions and continue to boost the infrastructure of NEVs. In addition, clean energy power generation, sustainable production and recycling should be actively promoted from the perspective of the whole life cycle of NEVs.
Impact and Inspiration of Tonga volcanic Eruption in 2022
Authors: Yin Yefei
Published: September 2023

People have been puzzled by the problem of volcanic eruptions since ancient times. Because volcanic eruptions are difficult to predict accurately, if people can't take some precautions in advance, sometimes volcanic eruptions will cause great injuries and deaths and hazards. In this context, this review selects the Tonga Volcano as the research object, summarizes the hazards during the eruption of the volcano and the symptom before the eruption, in order to get inspiration for predicting volcanic eruptions. This paper firstly introduces that Tonga volcano is located on the Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc. When Tonga volcano erupted, it tended to an explosive eruption, which Surtseyan eruption dominated. Secondly, the author analyzes the impact on the capital of Tonga, the surrounding area and the world through the primary disaster, such as the collapse of crater, volcanic ash and SO2. Then, the global impact of secondary disasters after primary disasters is analyzed, such as tsunami and climate change. Thirdly, the author concludes the pre-eruption symptoms, such as surface deformation and ionospheric anomaly. The observation of these anomalies and the establishment of a volcano monitoring system will help people to predict the next volcanic eruption. In addition, it remains to be seen how to detect the symptoms of volcanic eruption in time. Finally, this paper emphasizes that there are few practical applications of volcano monitoring system, and more volcanoes need to be monitored in time. If volcano monitoring systems were made more common around the world, people could minimize the damage caused by volcanoes.
Current Hydrogen Storage Difficulties and Possible Solutions
Authors: Wu Ruotong
Published: September 2023

Using hydrogen as an energy source is becoming increasingly popular around the globe. Compared to other traditional energy sources, hydrogen can be effectively produced and utilized. However, the technology of hydrogen storage is difficult and constrains hydrogen power to be applied globally on a large scale. Hydrogen can be stored in the liquid phase, chemically kept and retained in either a covalent or an ionic compound, in gas cylinders, on materials with a large specific surface area, and in oxidation of reactive metals in water. However, each of the above-mentioned hydrogen storage methods has its own flaws and their technical difficulties. Aquifers, exhausted natural gas and oil reserves, and salt caverns are all examples of ways and methods to physically store hydrogen underground. These places are often places where large-scale hydrogen storage takes place. If the issue could be resolved, and the challenge of hydrogen storage be overcome, it would be a huge improvement to the entire humanity as hydrogen is a very promising future energy source.
The Difficulties and Solutions of Terminal Consumption underthe Goal of "Double Carbon" in Realizing Carbon Neutrality Approach—Take Household Consumption as an Example
Authors: Zhang Erdan
Published: September 2023

With the change of social economy, industrial structure and cultural background, China has realized that in order to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality (the "double carbon" goal), end-consumption behavior has gradually become an important factor affecting carbon emission reduction. Based on the analysis of the necessity of carbon emission reduction research in end-consumption behaviors, this paper mainly refers to some data in the report "Carbon Drag -- Analysis of Low-carbon Potential of Large Urban Residents Consumption" published by Urban Carbon Peak International Cooperation Platform. This paper analyzes the current situation of "carbon consumption" in end-consumption behavior and its carbon emission reduction potential from the five aspects of residents' clothing, food, housing, transportation and use, and discusses the problems affecting carbon emission reduction in end-consumption behavior. It is found that residents' low carbon awareness in some fields is weak, and there is resistance to the implementation of green low-carbon behavior. On this basis, this paper provides suggestions on related issues: government enterprises and the public need to work together to improve residents' awareness, increase production quantity at the supply side and improve carbon emission reduction policies.
The Impact of Air Pollution on the Incidence of Asthma: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Factors
Authors: Wang Lu
Published: September 2023

Air quality is closely related to human health and has attracted the attention of governments and people around the world. This paper aims to study whether there is a concrete link between the development of asthma and air pollution. By adopting comparative analysis, it examines three regions (Seoul, Sydney, and San Joaquin Valley) in terms of how different sources of air pollution affect the incidence of asthma. The results indicate that agricultural and industrial pollution cause asthma outbreaks worst in certain areas. The implication of this paper is that the local governments should develop programs to train public health professionals through public health networks. These health networks provide practical training in epidemiology and strategic planning, and help achieve effectively Communication with other health professionals and the public through public speaking, academic reports and scientific investigations, while advocating for other community managers for improved community health. In the meanwhile, it is crucial to improve local air quality through reasonable environmental regulation.
Angehörige jederzeit willkommen?
Authors: Bruns Steffan
Published: September 2023

Die Verlegung auf eine Intensivstation ist häufig nicht nur für Patienten, sondern auch für die Angehörigen eine emotionale und seelische Belastung. Dabei sind die Bedürfnisse der Angehörigen – vor allem nach Informationen und Patientenbesuchen – vielfach noch nicht im Fokus der Stationen. Wie die Gestaltung von Angehörigeninformationen gelingen kann – hier in Verbindung mit der Zertifizierung zur „Angehörigenfreundlichen Intensivstation“ im Klinikum Osnabrück –, zeigt dieser Beitrag.
Erratum: Pflege von Patienten mit kognitiven Einschränkungen
Authors: Lesch Tabea
Published: September 2023

Die Lebenserwartung der Menschen steigt stetig an und damit auch die Anzahl der älteren Patienten, die auf Intensivstationen behandelt werden müssen. Darunter sind vermehrt auch solche mit einer demenziellen Erkrankung. Der folgende Beitrag beleuchtet die Rolle der professionell Pflegenden in der Betreuung von Patienten mit kognitiven Einschränkungen in der intensivmedizinischen Versorgung.
‘Transformative’: the threshold learning outcomes for science
Authors: Schultz Madeleine , Southam Daniel C. , Buntine Mark , Colthorpe Kay , Howitt Susan , Johnson Elizabeth , Jones Susan , Kelder Jo-Anne , Kift Sally , Loughlin Wendy A. , O’Brien Glennys A. , Pyke Simon , Rice John , Rowland Susan , Yucel Robyn
Published: September 2023

The Science Threshold Learning Outcomes (TLOs) are a consensus set of academic standards for Australian university Science education. They were developed by Prof. Brian Yates and Prof. Sue Jones, supported by Dr Jo-Anne Kelder, during 2010–2011. The co-authors of this paper are key figures in Australian Science education, and in this manuscript, we have used a reflective semi-structured interview approach to describe the process of developing the Science TLOs and consider their subsequent effect on tertiary science education in Australia. This manuscript documents Sue and Brian’s impact on science curriculum through the lenses of leadership, community and practice. We have a twofold aim: first to draw lessons for harnessing consensus in scientific communities on the value and purpose of a tertiary science education, and second to celebrate the success of these influential and impactful leaders in our community. We demonstrate how work to develop the TLOs has transformed tertiary science education in Australia.
Cosets from equivariant 𝒲-algebras
Authors: Creutzig Thomas , Nakatsuka Shigenori
Published: September 2023

The equivariant

W

\mathcal W

-algebra of a simple Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

is a BRST reduction of the algebra of chiral differential operators on the Lie group of

g

\mathfrak {g}

. We construct a family of vertex algebras

A
[

g

,
κ
,
n
]

A[\mathfrak {g}, \kappa , n]

as subalgebras of the equivariant

W

\mathcal W

-algebra of

g

\mathfrak {g}

tensored with the integrable affine vertex algebra

L
n

(

g

ˇ

)

L_n(\check {\mathfrak {g}})

of the Langlands dual Lie algebra

g

ˇ

\check {\mathfrak {g}}

at level

n
∈

Z

>
0

n\in \mathbb {Z}_{>0}

. They are conformal extensions of the tensor product of an affine vertex algebra and the principal

W

\mathcal {W}

-algebra whose levels satisfy a specific relation.

When

g

\mathfrak {g}

is of type

A
D
E

ADE

, we identify

A
[

g

,
κ
,
1
]

A[\mathfrak {g}, \kappa , 1]

with the affine vertex algebra

V

κ
−
1

(

g

)
⊗

L
1

(

g

)

V^{\kappa -1}(\mathfrak {g}) \otimes L_1(\mathfrak {g})

, giving a new and efficient proof of the coset realization of the principal

W

\mathcal W

-algebras of type

A
D
E

ADE

.
Assessing the pharmacy workforce’s preparedness for a workplace violence event
Authors: Griebe Kristin , Jiang Christine , MacDonald Nancy C
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to describe the planning, implementation, and findings of a "person with a weapon" exercise for an inpatient pharmacy department.

There has been an increased focus on workplace violence in healthcare within the last few years. The health-system pharmacy workforce should take an active role in planning for workplace violence events by completing a risk assessment analysis and performing tabletop and functional exercises. This study provides an example of how health-system pharmacists collaborated with an emergency management team, security, and communications to carry out a person with a weapon exercise in an inpatient hospital pharmacy. Areas for improvement were identified for pharmacy, communications, and security during education sessions and the tabletop and functional exercises, demonstrating the importance of a multidisciplinary approach when planning for a person with a weapon event. As a result of this exercise, there was increased awareness of the “run, hide, fight” tactic, an increase in workplace violence education and staff awareness, and an enhancement of security measures, including technology improvements.

Conclusion

This workplace violence exercise provides an example of how the pharmacy workforce can engage in emergency preparedness planning and risk mitigation for a workplace violence event. Other health systems can use the action plan, findings, and improvements to raise awareness and train about workplace violence events and support the safety of the pharmacy workforce.
Keynote 1: Moving Social Work: a new evidence-based and co-produced programme to promote physical activity to disabled people
Authors: Smith Brett
Published: September 2023

There is a growing amount of research focused on Health Professionals as valuable messengers and advocates of physical activity. Around the world programmes have now been established to train these professionals in health enhancing physical activity conversations. There are however other professionals that could also be valuable physical activity messengers and advocates. One untapped group is Social Workers. This talk presents Moving Social Work. This is a co-produced 5-year funded project that aims to embed physical activity in social work education, policy, and practice so that these care professionals can work with disabled people to be more physically active. In this keynote address I discuss why social workers are neglected yet important messengers and advocates of physical activity for disabled people. Next, I share insights into how the content of the training was co-produced with disabled people and social workers, what the training involves, and how it is has been implemented. Results of the training are presented. The talk also offers some brief reflections on co-production, disability, and physical activity. It closes with invitations for action that span science, policy, and practice.
Keynote 2: Do we need a concept of sustainable HEPA?
Authors: Abu-Omar Karim
Published: September 2023

Climate change and the need to reduce global carbon emissions drastically in upcoming years pose a challenge to physical activity (PA) promotion. Not only is PA more difficult in heat and people need to adapt, but also many physical activities come with a comparable high carbon footprint. While the field of PA promotion has so far utilized the health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) concept to define and promote PA, this concept might need to be amended to account for the environmental impacts of PA. The aim of the presentation is to critically analyze the interconnections between PA and planetary health and suggest potential steps towards a concept of sustainable HEPA.
S3-2 Are hospital and community based physical activity program really effective in changing physical activity behaviour: a mixed method study
Authors: Riquier Olivier , Vuillemin Anne , Omorou Yacoubou , Van Hoye Aurélie
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Based on the demonstrated benefits of physical activity (PA) practice for chronic health disease, PA resumption programs have come alive in France. However, their effectiveness has not been scientifically tested. The PERSISTE project (Promotion and sustainability of health enhancing PA) compare the effectiveness on PA practice and its determinants of an hospital led and a community led resumptions programs.

Methods

A mixed-methods QUAN(qual) study assessed PA practice and its determinants, both quantitatively through the IPAQ questionnaire and qualitatively (practice, barriers, facilitators, challenges) during semi-structured interviews. Data were collected among 69 patients (34 hospital led and 35 community led) at three time point: enrolment in the program, end of the program and 3-5 months post program. Data analysis included multivariate data analysis for quantitative data and thematic coding for qualitative data. Data integration considered quantitative data on PA levels as drivers for qualitative data analysis.

Results

Quantitative results have shown no difference of PA levels between the two programs at each measurement time point. Moreover, a significant difference was found on PA levels for both program between before and directly after the resumption program, but not between before and 3-5 months post program. Qualitative findings suggest key factors to consider to sustain PA practice, like the short duration not allowing behaviour change. Difference in challenges between programs have been found. A request for more supervised support in patient orientation after the hospital led program can be noticed. Organizational problems, such as unavailability of infrastructure or costs have been highlighted in the community program. Specific leverage arms were identified for each program, such as follow-up appointments after the hospital program or the practice offer in a very similar context for the community program.

Conclusions

This study compared two resumption programs in different context and showed no significant difference on PA levels, but difference in intervention mechanisms supporting PA sustainability. Practical implications on strengths and weakness of each type of program, as well as challenges for both can be derived from this study, to enhance program quality.

Funding

PERSISTE project is funded by the “Comité Départemental Olympique Sportif de Seine-Saint-Denis”.