bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN BOLAVOLI MELALUI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK BERBASIS PENILAIAN AUTENTIK
Authors: Can Ernawati
Published: July 2020

Berdasarkanpengamatanpenulis di SMP Negeri 2 Pekanbarupembeljaran PJOK padamateri bola volikurangmenarik.Tidakmenariknyapembelajaran PJOK terutamapadamateribolavoliperluditinjauulang, karenahasilbelajarsiswabelumbisadikatakankegagalandalam proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan. Penelitianinibertujuanuntukmelihatimplementasipendekatansaintifikdengan proses penilaianautentikpadapembelajaranbolavoli di SMP Negeri 2 Pekanbaru.

Metodepenelitianiniyaitupenelitiantindakankelas (PTK) yang merupakansuatupencermatanterhadapkegiatanbelajar, Sebagaisubjekpenelitianiniadalahkelas VIII. 3, tahunpelajaran 2014/2015 denganjumlahsiswasebanyak 36 orang, terdiridari 15 laki-lakidan 21 perempuan. Adapunlangkah-langkahpelaksanaan PTK secaraprosedurnyaadalahdilaksanakansecarapasrtisipatifdandilanjutkandenganpenyusunanrencanatindakan, danpelaksanaantindakandalamsiklus.

Berdasarkanhasilpenelitian yang dilakukanTerdapatpeningkatanketerampilan bola volimelaluipembelajarandenganpendekatansaintifikdengapenilaianautentikpadapelajar SMP Negeri 2 Pekanbaru Riau. Hal initerbuktidarihasiltindakansikluspertama yang termasukkategorirendahartinyasebagaipelajar yang mampumelakukanteknikdasarketerampilan bola voli. Sedangkanpadasiklusketigaketerampilanberadapadakategoritinggi, yang berartijikadilihatdarijumlahpelajarkeseluruhanpeningkatanketerampilan bola volisudahterlihat. Terdapatpeningkatan yang sangatberartidalamperkembanganteknikdasar bola volidenganpembelajaranpendekatansaintifik.
KONTRIBUSI KONSENTRASI DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN KETERAMPILAN BOLAVOLI DASAR MAHASISWA
Authors: FIK-UNP Erianti
Published: July 2020

Permasalahan konsentrasi dan motivasi belajar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Olahraga FIK UNP, merupakan faktor-faktor yang perlu diteliti. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kontribusi konsentrasi dan motivasi belajar terhadap keterampilan bolavoli dasar, sehingga diharapkan dengan diketahui kontribusi konsentrasi dan motivasi belajar terhadap keterampilan bolavoli dasar. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah angket skala Likert dan tes konsentrasi, serta tes untuk keterampilan bolavoli. Sedangkan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi product moment dan korelasi ganda, serta dilanjutkan dengan melihat seberapa besar kontribusi konsentrasi dan motivasi belajar terhadap keterampilan bolavoli dasar mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Olahraga Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang.
KONTRAKSI OTOT SKELET
Authors: M Madri
Published: July 2020

Secara mekanisme kontraksi otot adalah terjadinya sliding filamen, sedangkan rangkaian proses kontraksi secara sederhana merupakan (1) adanya rangsangan dari otak melalui akson neuron motorik keserabut otot, (2) asetilkolin yang berada disynaptic gutter akan berikatan dengan reseptornyapada sarkolema, sehingga terjadi depolarisasi membran dan menimbulkan potensial aksi sel otot rangkaserta menyebabkan ion natrium dan kalium keluar, dan (3) potensial aksi yang disebarkan dari membran sel akan diteruskan melalui tubulus T, selanjutnya merangsang terminal sisterna sarkoplasmik retikulumuntuk melepaskan ion kalsium. Ion kalsium akan berikatan dengan troponin Cpada filamen aktin dan mendorong filamen tropomiosin menutup celah-celah aktivesite filamen aktin, sehingga aktivesite terbuka.

Otot merupakan jaringan peka yang dapat dirangsang untuk menimbulkan suatu potensial aksi. Otot rangka melekat pada tulang dan berperan sebagai sistem perototan yang menggerakan tubuh. Aktivitas otot diatur oleh susunan saraf melalui persarafan motorik. Otot rangka tersusun dari serat-serat yang merupakan balok penyusun (building bloks) sistem otot. 40% dari berat badan manusia terdiri dari otot rangka dan 10% terdiri dari otot polos dan jantung. Mekanisme kontraktil ototrangka tergantung dari protein miosin, aktin, troponin dan tropomiosin. Ciri filamen miosin tebal, sedangkan filamen aktin tipis. Sebagian saling bertautan sehingga menyebabkan myofibril secara bergantian menunjukan pita terang dan gelap. Pita ini saling tumpang tindih dan terjadi penonjolan dari sisi filamen miosin. Penonjolan ini dinamakan jembatanpenyeberangan (cross bridge).
KEMAMPUAN GURU MOTIVASI SISWA SARANA DAN PRASARANA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENJASORKES KELAS IV DAN V DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 22 ANDALAS PADANG
Authors: Nurmai Erizal , Emral Emral , Suwirman Suwir
Published: July 2020

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah belum optimalnya pelaksanaan pembelajaran penjasorkes di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran, motivasi siswa dan sarana prasarana di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang.

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif, yaitu mengungkap dan menerangkan pelaksanaan UKS di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang yang berjumlah 57 orang. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu total sampling yang berjumlah 57 orang. Alat pengumpulan data adalah angket dengan mengunakan model skala guttman dengan kategori jawaban ‘ya’ dan ‘tidak’.. Selanjutnya data diolah dan dianalisis dengan teknik statistik deskriptif.

Hasil analisis data SD Negeri 22 Andalas Padang antara lain kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran Penjasorkes di peroleh tingkat capaian sebesar 70% berada pada klasifikasi cukup. Motivasi siswa diperoleh tingkat capaian sebesar 73% berada pada klasifikasi cukup, sedangkan pada sarana dan prasarana diperoleh tingkat capaian sebesar 60% berada pada klasifikasi kurang baik.
HUBUNGAN SARANA PRASARANA OLAHRAGA TERHADAP MINAT SISWA DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN DI SMA N 1 BATIPUAH KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR
Authors: Nur Hasri Wandi , Nirwandi Nirwandi , Asmi Ali
Published: July 2020

Masalah dalam penelitian ini berawal dari pengamatan yang penulis lakukan tentang minat siswa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan di SMA N 1 Batipuah Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya diantaranya adalah sarana prasarana yang ada dan disediakan oleh sekolah untuk kelangsungan pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan di SMA N 1 Batipuah Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Kenyataannya bahwa dalam proses balajar mengajar, minat, aktivitas belajar dan sarana prasarana yang optimal sangat diperlukan oleh anak didik dalam usahanya untuk mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal. Lembaga pendidikan khususnya sekolah mempunyai tanggung jawab yang cukup besar dalam mengantisipasi masalah yang terjadi di lapangan,

Jenis penelitian adalah korelasi product moment. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa Di SMA N 1 Batipuah Kabupaten Tanah Datar yang berjumlah 354 orang siswa tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proposional random sampling proposi yang dipakai sebesar 10% pada siswa Di SMA N 1 Batipuah Kabupaten Tanah Datar ( Suharsismi Arikunto, 1998:120), yaitu sebanyak : 35 orang siswa. Untuk memperoleh data dilakukan Kuesioner ( angket ) kedua variabel. Data dianalisis dengan korelasi product moment.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara “sarana prasarana olahraga dengan minat siswa”. Ini dibuktikan dengan hasil yang diperoleh = 1,98 > = 1,70, dengan kontribusinya 9,99%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian diterima karena sarana prasarana olahraga dapat mempengaruhi minat siswa. Disarankan kepada pihak sekolah agar melengkapi sarana prasarana olahraga, dan kepada guru Penjasorkes hendaknya memberikan pembelajaran yang bervariasi kepada anak didiknya, agar minat siwa untuk belajar penjasorkes lebih meningkat.
PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK MIX IMPACT TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR LEMAK TUBUH PADA SANGGAR SENAM RAI KOTA SAWAHLUNTO
Authors: Wahyuri Asep Sujana
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh senam aerobikmix impact terhadap penurunan kadar lemak tubuh pada sanggar senam Rai Kota Sawahlunto.

Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah member wanita yang aktifdalamkelassenamaerobik di SanggarSenamRaiKotaSawahluntosebanyak 57 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel berjumlah 14 orang. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaruh signifikan senam aerobikmix impact terhadap penurunan kadar lemak tubuh pada sanggar senam Rai Kota Sawahlunto.

Berdasarkan tabel diatas didapatkan nilai thitung =38.00sedangkan ttabel sebesar 1.771 dengan taraf signifikan α = 0.05 dan dk = 14 Berdasarkan pengambilan keputusan diatas maka thitung > ttabel (38>1.771).Dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya efek dari latihan senam aerobikmix impact terhadap penurunan kadar lemak tubuh anggota sanggar senam Rai Sawahlunto.
Pengaruh Keseimbangan Terhadap Kemampuan Sepaksila Sepaktakraw Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Nur Hasriwandi , Asmi Ali , Sepriadi Sepriadi , Johor Zainul
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini diharapkan bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan bermain sepaktakraw mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang. Dimana setelah itu diharapkan tujuan luaran dari penelitian ini dapat dipublikasikan pada jurnal Sport Science Universitas Negeri Padang tahun 2017 dan jurnal nasional, dan juga digunakan sebagai tambahan pada bahan ajar pada mata kuliah Sepaktakraw.

Kontribusi penelitian ini juga diharapkan berguna bagi pengembangan pembelajaran sepaktakraw pada khususnya untuk mahasiswa FIK yang aktif melakukan olahraga dan masyarakat pada umumnya.Selain itu, penelitian ini berguna untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemahaman dan kontribusi antara keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan bermain sepaktakraw.Dan juga diharapkan dapat menambah khasanah ilmu pengetahuan khususnya dalam bidang olahraga pendidikan dan prestasi.Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan korelasional.

Rancangan penelitian dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode tes untuk pengambilan data langsung.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Padang.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan yang mengambil mata kuliah sepaktakraw pada semester Juli-Desember 2016, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Untuk mendapatkan data keseimbangan maka digunakan tes keseimbangan dan data kemampuan bermain sepaktakraw dengan tes teknik dasar sepaktakraw.
EFEKTIVITAS METODE PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM GUNA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN PADA ANAK TUNA GRAHITA SLB NEGERI KOTA METRO
Authors: Tisnawati Nina , Rahman Ade Aulia
Published: July 2020

Islamic Religion Teachers are supervisors, therefore in the teaching and learning process there needs to be methods in accordance with their students. In learning Islamic Religion various methods were developed in educating students, educating mentally disabled children needed methods that are used specifically in each learning process, the problem we will discuss is how the effectiveness of the implementation of Islamic Education teacher teaching methods in the learning process in children mentally disabled people are at the Metro South State Metro School. The focus of research on the effectiveness of the implementation of Islamic Education teacher teaching methods in the teaching and learning process for mentally disabled children is at the Metro South State Metro School. The limitation of this problem is that in this study we will discuss the effectiveness of the implementation of Islamic Education teacher teaching methods in the teaching and learning process for mentally disabled children at the Metro South State Metro School. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the teaching methods of teaching Islamic Education teachers in the teaching and learning process for mentally disabled children at the Metro South State Metro School. in developing various methods in the teaching and learning process, while practically this research can provide input for Islamic education teachers at the Special Schools in the Southern City of Metro in effective learning. The method used in this study is an unstructured interview method, then the researcher uses unstructured observation methods. what the research did in this case was to observe directly the teaching and learning process in the classroom and outside the classroom, another method that researchers used was the method of documentation as a support in this study.
POLA PENERAPAN METODE TARGHIB WA TARHIB PADA PEMBELAJARAN TAHSIN TAHFIDZ DI SMPIT BINA INSANI KOTA METRO
Authors: Iswati Iswati
Published: July 2020

The application of targhib and tarhib methods in tahsin and tahfidz lessons does not necessarily solve problems that arise in the learning process, because the application of a method has consequences in the form of challenges and obstacles that require a way out.This study aims to explore the pattern of the application of the targhib and tarhib method in tahsin and tahfidz learning at the Bina Insani Middle School in Metro City. The process of collecting data using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation to achieve valid and representative data. The results showed that the implementation of the targhib and tarhib methods in tahsin and tahfidz lessons had a side of effectiveness and problematics but were still in the level of being able to be handled well by schools and teachers. Targhib and Tarhib have given to students at Bina Insani Middle School at Metro City, have been in accordance with the education corridor and have been agreed upon between the School, Teachers, Student, and Student Guardians.
LONG LIFE EDUCTION DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADITS (Suatu Tinjauan Pendidikan Sejak Pranatal dan Analisis Terhadap Kualitas Hadits Pendidikan Sepanjang Hayat)
Authors: Iswati Iswati
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara mendalam tentang Konsep “Long life Education” dan menganalisa kualitas hadits mahsyur tentang hal tersebut yang selama ini menjadi sumber dalam pendidikan Islam. Long Life Education, sebuah istilah yang mempunyai makna “Pendidikan Sepanjang Hidup” atau pendidikan seumur hidup. Istilah ini sejalan dengan adegium masyhur yang sering dikemukakan ahli hikmah yakni “Uthlubul ‘ilma minal Mahdi ilal lahdi” yang artinya “Tuntutlah ilmu mulai dari ayunan hingga ke liang lahat”. Apabila  ungkapan itu dimaknai secara literal maka akan didapat suatu pemahaman bahwa pendidikan manusia hanya terbatas dari mulai seseorang dilahirkan hingga kematiannya. Ini jelas kurang tepat, untuk itu harus dimaknai secara kontekstual bahwa pengertian ayunan harus dimaknai sebelum dilahirkan, tepatnya sejak masih dalam kandungan. Pemaknaan demikian tentu lebih sesuai dengan yang dikehendaki Islam. Sampai saat  ini banyak  hadits sangat mahsyur terkait motivasi pendidikan sepanjang hayat yang dijadikan rujukan dalam pendidikan Islam. Meskipun hadits tersebut sangat mashyur di dunia pendidikan Islam, alangkah lebih baik jika kita menganalisa tentang kualitas hadits tersebut.
THE PROBLEM OF INDIVIDUAL’S PSYCHOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES
Authors: Volynchuk Olena
Published: July 2020

The approaches to the problem of psychological boundaries of the individual are systematized in the article. The stages of studying the problem of boundaries are indicated. It is noted that the vast majority of studies of the phenomenon are carried out within the framework of philosophical and psychological approaches. The content of the psychological boundary is presented. The varieties and functions of boundaries of personality’s psychological space are presented.
VIDEO-BASED COACHING IN SUPPORT OF ELEMENTARY TEACHER-CANDIDATE’S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: W. Chizhik Estella , W. Chizhik Alexander , Burgess Brian , Tanmajo Maelyn , Seng Derrick , Hernandez Myrna
Published: July 2020

Teacher-education programs seek to improve their clinical practice for teacher candidates. Video-based coaching enables university supervisors the ability to provide meaningful feedback to teacher candidates. Most of the research on video-based coaching has focused on how the tool helps candidates notice aspects of their teaching. Few studies have examined the type of feedback university supervisors provide their teacher candidates. The current research examined the type of feedback university supervisors provide, how the feedback changes over the course of the program and its impact on a summative performance-based assessment. Reviewing the feedback provided by 16 university supervisors for 124 elementary school teacher candidates, our findings show that university supervisors’ feedback tends to be more positive than constructive. The select skills on which supervisors focused modulated over time and appear to be associated with candidates’ performance on the summative performance assessment. The implications of this research posits that university supervisors can have a measurable effect on teacher candidates’ instructional performance with the use of video-based coaching.
ESTIMATION OF SKILLS FORMATION OF SWIMMING AMONG THE STRONGEST SWIMMERS-STUDENTS AT THE XXX WORLD UNIVERSIADE IN NAPLES-2019
Authors: Ganchar Alexey , Chernyavsky Oleg , Medynskyi Serhii , Ganchar Ivan
Published: July 2020

In this article the dynamics of the rating of command performances of strongest swimmers-students according to the results of receiving prize-winning among men and women, participants-winners of the final Universiade in Naples-2019. Swimmers-winners, who won gold medals for men (900 points) and women (881) in “points” equivalent almost indistinguishable (19 points). We determine the ranking of team performance of different countries in the representatives of different sex in the distances of sports swimming according to the results of winning the medals at the start of XXX World Universiade in Naples-2019. The authors' collective was studied: a) revealing the ranking in the performance of team performance of male and female swimmers at the start of the World Universiade-2019; b) introduction of the results of the study into the practice of physical education and sports in order to identify an objective rating of the success of the team performance of swimmers-students. In addition, professional interest is in studying the evaluation of swimmers' results, having won awards with gold, silver and bronze medals. The results of our study identified the unconditional leaders (top ten) of student swimming at the XXX World Universiade in Naples2019: USA-40 medals (17 men + 23 women), Japan-20 (9 men + 11 women), Russia-18 (15 men + 3 women), Italy-11 (5 men + 6 women), South Africa-6 (2 men + 4 women), United Kingdom-6 (2 men + 4 women), Australia-5 (2 men + 3 women), Brazil4 (3 men + 1 woman), Germany-3 (3 women), Sweden- 1 (men) medal. This trend is also seen among the award-winning silver medals (886 respectively, and 863 points, the difference-23 points) and received bronze medals (respectively 874 and 852 points, the difference-22 points). Thus, in the general summary table of the rating of teams-participants in Naples-2019, it should be included, not only the existing state of qualitative indexes of medals (gold, silver, bronze), but first of all quantitative indicators. Since the generalized gender differences (887 + 865 = 1752 – Average 876 points), allows to assess the advantages of achievement in points.
Scalp block untuk Kraniotomi dan Penanganan Nyeri Membandel Pasca Kraniotomi
Authors: Rahardjo Sri , Mahmud Mahmud
Published: July 2020

Pemberian anestesi lokal dari saraf kulit kepala disebut sebagai “Scalp block”. Teknik ini telah diperkenalkan beberapa abad lalu, sempat tidak popular kemudian popular kembali pada era anestesi modern dalam manajemen anestesi intra operatif dan post operatif. Indonesia telah memasuki era pelayanan kesehatan dengan universal health coverage melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS), menyebabkan pemberi layanan anestesi harus familiar dengan prinsip dasar ekonomi medis dan ikut berperan aktif dalam mengendalikan biaya untuk tata kelola anestesi. Pelayanan anestesi memiliki banyak kesempatan mengendalikan biaya, tentu saja dengan tetap menjaga keseimbangan antara keselamatan dan pembiayaan pasien. “Scalp block” adalah salah satu teknik pilihan yang dapat dikombinasikan dengan pembiusan umum. Disini akan ditinjau penggunaan “Scalp block” untuk operasi kraniotomi dan penanganan nyeri membandel pasca kraniotomi dengan dasar anatomi, evolusi histori, teknik yang berkembang saat ini, potensi keuntungan dan kekurangannya. Kami mendukung penggunaan teknik ini untuk penggunaan secara luas pada masa depan “Scalp Block” for Craniotomy and Intractable Pain Management Post CraniotomyAbstract Using local anesthesia of the nerves of the scalp is referred as ‘‘scalp block.’’ This technique was introduced more than a century ago, but has undergone a modern rebirth in intraoperatif and postoperative anesthetic management. Indonesia has entered the era of health services which universal health coverage BPJS (Heath Social Organizing Agency), this causes the provider to be familiar with the basic principles of medical economics and participate actively in controlling costs for anesthesia service. Providers of anesthesia services have many opportunities to reduce these costs, with the aim of maintaining balance between profit, patient safety and costs. Scalp block is an alternative option that can be combined with general anesthesia. Here, we review the use of ‘‘scalp block’’ during craniotomy and refractory post craniotomy pain with its anatomic basis, historical evolution, current technique, potential advantages, and pitfalls. We also address its current and potential future applications
Konke, Gravity, Particle Relationships
Authors: Bhekuzulu Khumalo
Published: July 2020

The stars and the particle colliders prove that all things are made up of the same thing. This same thing has been called Konke. This was discussed in the paper “The Algorithm of Information and the Origin of Basic Particles.” This paper will show that this konke must get into relationships to become basic mass, particles. It will show how we categorize particles by mass and the behavior of that mass in the same class of particles. Because we know everything is in a relationship and all relationships take energy to maintain, resulting in a loss of freedom giving that relationship structure, there must be another variable that provides the energy for konke to get into a variable. This other variable is called V2, or variable 2. This V2 would be considered the original force as it allows konke to get into relationships; it thus gives other forces the ability to exist. Theoretically, this V2 behaves in many ways to what has been termed gravity. A collider is proof enough for konke given the first law of thermodynamics; energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
PENERAPAN ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA (PERFORMANCE BASED BUDGETING) DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH ACEH
Authors: Yulia Ananta , Ningsih Endang Surasetyo
Published: July 2020

Performance-based  budgeting  aims  to  show  the  relationship  between  funding  and  performance  to  be achieved, increase efficiency  and transparency in  budgeting, increase flexibility and accountability of units in carrying out tasks and budget management. This study aims to: (1) Know the system of implementing performance- based budgeting in the management of regional finances in the Aceh Work Unit (SKPA) and (2) Knowing the obstacles faced in implementing a performance-based budgeting system in the management of Aceh's regional finances. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive research type. The population in this study were all (42) Aceh Work Unit (SKPA) which is the organizer of government activities to manage regional finances. The sample in this study is the entire population (total sample). Data collection uses structured interview techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that: (1) Performance-based budgeting system implementation in regional financial management in the Aceh Work Unit (SKPA) is in accordance with applicable regulations both from the RPJMA that refers to the RPJN until the final process of the birth of the DPA SKPA and with the Aceh Government Performance Report and (2) Constraints faced in implementing a performance-based budgeting system in the management of Aceh's regional finances are internal, such as the limitations of Human Resources (HR) in the budget and external fields such as rewards and punishments from local governments to improve the performance of their employees. Conclusions: (1) Performance-based budgeting system implementation in regional financial management in the Aceh Apparatus Work Unit (SKPA) is in accordance with applicable regulations (2) Constraints faced in implementing performance-based budgeting system in Aceh regional financial management are both internal and internal external.
THE STRATEGY OF SECOND CHOICE PRIVATE SCHOOLS TO FACE EDUCATION COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Martono Nanang , Puspitasari Elis , Wardiyono FX Wardiyono
Published: July 2020

Kompetisi dalam pendidikan menuntut sekolah swasta harus mampu bersaing dengan sekolah negeri karena mereka menjadi pilihan kedua. Sebagai pilihan kedua maka kebanyakan sekolah swasta tidak mampu menarik siswa-siswa unggulan dan berprestasi. Tujuan studi ini adalah mendeskripsikan usaha yang ditempuh SMA swasta sebagai pilihan kedua untuk berkompetisi dengan sekolah negeri agar dapat bertahan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif grounded theory di 10 SMA swasta pilihan kedua di Kabupaten Banyumas. Kabupaten ini dipilih karena peningkatan jumlah sekolah swasta yang cukup tinggi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan strategi yang dilakukan sekolah swasta pilihan kedua di antaranya, adalah melakukan promosi secara strategis ke SMP yang menjadi target potensial, memilih siswa tidak mampu, dan memiliki kemampuan akademik rendah sebagai sasaran utama, dan menawarkan biaya sekolah murah bahkan menawarkan sekolah gratis bagi siswa tidak mampu.

Competition in education requires the private schools to compete with public schools since they  have been as the second choice. As the second choice, most private schools have been in failure to recruit talented and intelligent intake students. This article describes the efforts of private schools as the second choice, to face the competition with other public schools for its survival. This study used grounded theory method by taking 10 private high schools and located in Banyumas district. This district is chosen because the number of private schools is increased almost significantly. Data was collected using observation, interview, and documentation. The result of the study showed that strategies used by this type of school include among others, strategically promote themself to a potential junior high school, choose a low economic and low academic students as their main targets, and offering low-cost education, if possible, offering free cost education for low economic students.
The Establishment and Development of Feminism in Portugal
Authors: Khvan M. S.
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on prerequisites for the establishment of feminism in Portugal, history of main Portuguese feminist organizations and basic conditions for their functioning. This research is based on the comparative analysis of socio-political environment in Portugal and in several other states (mainly located in Western Europe) in different periods of their history. Basing on the aforementioned analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that feminism in Portugal has generally been moderate and has passed three phases in its development. These phases are in line with three waves that are basically seen as the key milestones in the history of the feminist movement around the world. The first wave lasted from the middle of the 19th century until the 1930s and was characterized by the struggle of Portuguese women for such common rights as the right to work and electoral rights. At this stage Portuguese feminism developed in line with the traditional trend. The second wave in Portugal lasted from the 1960s until the 1990s. During this period scientists working created numerous books and articles, criticising the patriarchy and the problems of women. The discussion of reproductive rights of women, problems in the family and sexual sphere was also typical for this period. The feminist theory of the third wave was developing since the 1990s and continues to develop up to the present moment. It is based on the gender approach: women assert their rights to abortion and affordable contraception, combat against oppression from men and gender-based discrimination. At the same time, the feminism of the third wave is becoming more diverse and can be characterized as intersectional. The feminist movement in Portugal triggered deep social transformations. Most of the achievements of the feminist movement today cannot be put into question. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go to achieve a change in mentality of Portuguese society, to reduce female unemployment and gender inequality at work, to combat domestic violence.
Discuss about Foucault’s Method: Interpretative Strategies of Verbal and Visial
Authors: Ishchenko E. N.
Published: July 2020

The problem with M. Foucault’s method, foundations and limits of applicability is one of the central issues in the discussions of his many followers. Reconstruction of the method, per se, involves various strategies for working with his texts. The article proposes a comparative analysis between the interpretations of R. Descartes’s philosophical ideas and Manet’s artistic paintings in the works of M. Foucault. Such an approach through a collision of analysis of visual and verbal objects allows us to identify the general contours of Fucoldian methodology. Interpreting Cartesian ideas, M. Foucault actively uses the metaphors of light and darkness and refers to the possibilities of verbalized visibility. R. Descartes’s ideas turned into a basis for switching to a new register of attitudes towards madness in European culture. In turn, the interpretation of E. Manet’s paintings, proposed by M. Foucault, is based on an analysis of the revolutionary changes in the understanding of art introduced by an outstanding French artist. It affects not only the aesthetic context itself, but leads to new relations between a painting and an audience and also helps to establish new sociocultural practices. Foucault’s verbalization of visual is radically different from approaches of traditional art history. Thus, in Foucault’s work, verbal and visual are closely intertwined with each other and his method can be successfully applied when working with verbal and visual objects.
The early Paleogene stratigraphic evolution of the Huerfano Basin, Colorado
Authors: Rasmussen Dirk M. , Foreman Brady Z. , Fricke Henry C. , Snell Kathryn , Gipson Lindsey , Housen Bernard
Published: July 2020

Sedimentary basins throughout the North American Western Interior contain a record of Late Cretaceous through Eocene deposition related to the Laramide orogeny. The typical stratigraphic progression includes an uppermost Cretaceous fluvio-deltaic geologic formation that is unconformably overlain by an alluvial or paludal Paleocene geologic formation. The Paleocene unit is usually characterized by drab overbank facies, and overlain by an interval of amalgamated fluvial sand bodies. The overlying Eocene geologic units are characterized by red bed overbank facies. These major stratigraphic changes have been variably linked to long-wavelength dynamic subsidence, local uplift, and climatic shifts. Herein, we evaluate the depositional history of the Huerfano Basin of south-central Colorado in this overarching context. Our study presents a detailed lithofacies analysis of the Poison Canyon, Cuchara, and Huerfano Formations integrated with a new bulk (1) organic carbon isotope record, n = 299 measurements (Data Supplement 1A); and (2) magnetic record, n = 247 measurements (Data Supplement 1B). We interpret that the Paleocene Poison Canyon Formation was deposited by a braided or coarse-grained meandering river system with relatively poorly drained floodplains. The Eocene Huerfano Formation was likely deposited by a coarse-grained meandering river system with a comparatively well-drained floodplain. This pattern mirrors other Laramide basins, and is likely related to a regional drying pattern linked to long-term warming during the early Paleogene. Age of the intervening Cuchara Formation is poorly resolved, but is an anomalously thick and coarse-grained fluvial unit, with evidence for extensive reworking of floodplain deposits and a moderate coarsening-upward pattern. The Cuchara Formation is associated with magnetic trends that suggest greater oxidation and weathering, and greater variability in rainfall patterns, as well as a subtle negative shift in carbon isotope values. This pattern indicates a period of widespread progradation within the basin, potentially related to a major Laramide uplift event that affected Colorado’s Wet Mountains, Front Range, and Sangre de Cristo Mountains.
Bi-level Probabilistic Feature Learning for Deformable Image Registration
Authors: Liu Risheng , Li Zi , Zhang Yuxi , Fan Xin , Luo Zhongxuan
Published: July 2020

We address the challenging issue of deformable registration that robustly and efficiently builds dense correspondences between images. Traditional approaches upon iterative energy optimization typically invoke expensive computational load. Recent learning-based methods are able to efficiently predict deformation maps by incorporating learnable deep networks. Unfortunately, these deep networks are designated to learn deterministic features for classification tasks, which are not necessarily optimal for registration. In this paper, we propose a novel bi-level optimization model that enables jointly learning deformation maps and features for image registration. The bi-level model takes the energy for deformation computation as the upper-level optimization while formulates the maximum \emph{a posterior} (MAP) for features as the lower-level optimization. Further, we design learnable deep networks to simultaneously optimize the cooperative bi-level model, yielding robust and efficient registration. These deep networks derived from our bi-level optimization constitute an unsupervised end-to-end framework for learning both features and deformations. Extensive experiments of image-to-atlas and image-to-image deformable registration on 3D brain MR datasets demonstrate that we achieve state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and robustness.
Transductive Relation-Propagation Network for Few-shot Learning
Authors: Ma Yuqing , Bai Shihao , An Shan , Liu Wei , Liu Aishan , Zhen Xiantong , Liu Xianglong
Published: July 2020

Few-shot learning, aiming to learn novel concepts from few labeled examples, is an interesting and very challenging problem with many practical advantages. To accomplish this task, one should concentrate on revealing the accurate relations of the support-query pairs. We propose a transductive relation-propagation graph neural network (TRPN) to explicitly model and propagate such relations across support-query pairs. Our TRPN treats the relation of each support-query pair as a graph node, named relational node, and resorts to the known relations between support samples, including both intra-class commonality and inter-class uniqueness, to guide the relation propagation in the graph, generating the discriminative relation embeddings for support-query pairs. A pseudo relational node is further introduced to propagate the query characteristics, and a fast, yet effective transductive learning strategy is devised to fully exploit the relation information among different queries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that explicitly takes the relations of support-query pairs into consideration in few-shot learning, which might offer a new way to solve the few-shot learning problem. Extensive experiments conducted on several benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can significantly outperform a variety of state-of-the-art few-shot learning methods.
Deep Polarized Network for Supervised Learning of Accurate Binary Hashing Codes
Authors: Fan Lixin , Ng Kam Woh , Ju Ce , Zhang Tianyu , Chan Chee Seng
Published: July 2020

This paper proposes a novel deep polarized network (DPN) for learning to hash, in which each channel in the network outputs is pushed far away from zero by employing a differentiable bit-wise hinge-like loss which is dubbed as polarization loss. Reformulated within a generic Hamming Distance Metric Learning framework [Norouzi et al., 2012], the proposed polarization loss bypasses the requirement to prepare pairwise labels for (dis-)similar items and, yet, the proposed loss strictly bounds from above the pairwise Hamming Distance based losses. The intrinsic connection between pairwise and pointwise label information, as disclosed in this paper, brings about the following methodological improvements: (a) we may directly employ the proposed differentiable polarization loss with no large deviations incurred from the target Hamming distance based loss; and (b) the subtask of assigning binary codes becomes extremely simple --- even random codes assigned to each class suffice to result in state-of-the-art performances, as demonstrated in CIFAR10, NUS-WIDE and ImageNet100 datasets.
Hierarchical Instance Feature Alignment for 2D Image-Based 3D Shape Retrieval
Authors: Zhou Heyu , Nie Weizhi , Li Wenhui , Song Dan , Liu An-An
Published: July 2020

2D image-based 3D shape retrieval has become a hot research topic since its wide industrial applications and academic significance. However, existing view-based 3D shape retrieval methods are restricted by two settings, 1) learn the common-class features while neglecting the instance visual characteristics, 2) narrow the global domain variations while ignoring the local semantic variations in each category. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel hierarchical instance feature alignment (HIFA) method for this task. HIFA consists of two modules, cross-modal instance feature learning and hierarchical instance feature alignment. Specifically, we first use CNN to extract both 2D image and multi-view features. Then, we maximize the mutual information between the input data and the high-level feature to preserve as much as visual characteristics of an individual instance. To mix up the features in two domains, we enforce feature alignment considering both global domain and local semantic levels. By narrowing the global domain variations we impose the identical large norm restriction on both 2D and 3D feature-norm expectations to facilitate more transferable possibility. By narrowing the local variations we propose to minimize the distance between two centroids of the same class from different domains to obtain semantic consistency. Extensive experiments on two popular and novel datasets, MI3DOR and MI3DOR-2, validate the superiority of HIFA for 2D image-based 3D shape retrieval task.
Diagnosing the Environment Bias in Vision-and-Language Navigation
Authors: Zhang Yubo , Tan Hao , Bansal Mohit
Published: July 2020

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to follow natural-language instructions, explore the given environments, and reach the desired target locations. These step-by-step navigational instructions are crucial when the agent is navigating new environments about which it has no prior knowledge. Most recent works that study VLN observe a significant performance drop when tested on unseen environments (i.e., environments not used in training), indicating that the neural agent models are highly biased towards training environments. Although this issue is considered as one of the major challenges in VLN research, it is still under-studied and needs a clearer explanation. In this work, we design novel diagnosis experiments via environment re-splitting and feature replacement, looking into possible reasons for this environment bias. We observe that neither the language nor the underlying navigational graph, but the low-level visual appearance conveyed by ResNet features directly affects the agent model and contributes to this environment bias in results. According to this observation, we explore several kinds of semantic representations that contain less low-level visual information, hence the agent learned with these features could be better generalized to unseen testing environments. Without modifying the baseline agent model and its training method, our explored semantic features significantly decrease the performance gaps between seen and unseen on multiple datasets (i.e. R2R, R4R, and CVDN) and achieve competitive unseen results to previous state-of-the-art models.
Bidirectional Adversarial Training for Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation
Authors: Jiang Pin , Wu Aming , Han Yahong , Shao Yunfeng , Qi Meiyu , Li Bingshuai
Published: July 2020

Semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) is a novel branch of machine learning that scarce labeled target examples are available, compared with unsupervised domain adaptation. To make effective use of these additional data so as to bridge the domain gap, one possible way is to generate adversarial examples, which are images with additional perturbations, between the two domains and fill the domain gap. Adversarial training has been proven to be a powerful method for this purpose. However, the traditional adversarial training adds noises in arbitrary directions, which is inefficient to migrate between domains, or generate directional noises from the source to target domain and reverse. In this work, we devise a general bidirectional adversarial training method and employ gradient to guide adversarial examples across the domain gap, i.e., the Adaptive Adversarial Training (AAT) for source to target domain and Entropy-penalized Virtual Adversarial Training (E-VAT) for target to source domain. Particularly, we devise a Bidirectional Adversarial Training (BiAT) network to perform diverse adversarial trainings jointly. We evaluate the effectiveness of BiAT on three benchmark datasets and experimental results demonstrate the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art.
Motif-Preserving Temporal Network Embedding
Authors: Huang Hong , Fang Zixuan , Wang Xiao , Miao Youshan , Jin Hai
Published: July 2020

Network embedding, mapping nodes in a network to a low-dimensional space, achieves powerful performance. An increasing number of works focus on static network embedding, however, seldom attention has been paid to temporal network embedding, especially without considering the effect of mesoscopic dynamics when the network evolves. In light of this, we concentrate on a particular motif --- triad --- and its temporal dynamics, to study the temporal network embedding. Specifically, we propose MTNE, a novel embedding model for temporal networks. MTNE not only integrates the Hawkes process to stimulate the triad evolution process that preserves motif-aware high-order proximities, but also combines attention mechanism to distinguish the importance of different types of triads better. Experiments on various real-world temporal networks demonstrate that, compared with several state-of-the-art methods, our model achieves the best performance in both static and dynamic tasks, including node classification, link prediction, and link recommendation.
Opinion Maximization in Social Trust Networks
Authors: Xu Pinghua , Hu Wenbin , Wu Jia , Liu Weiwei
Published: July 2020

Social media sites are now becoming very important platforms for product promotion or marketing campaigns. Therefore, there is broad interest in determining ways to guide a site to react more positively to a product with a limited budget. However, the practical significance of the existing studies on this subject is limited for two reasons. First, most studies have investigated the issue in oversimplified networks in which several important network characteristics are ignored. Second, the opinions of individuals are modeled as bipartite states (e.g., support or not) in numerous studies, however, this setting is too strict for many real scenarios. In this study, we focus on social trust networks (STNs), which have the significant characteristics ignored in the previous studies. We generalized a famed continuous-valued opinion dynamics model for STNs, which is more consistent with real scenarios. We subsequently formalized two novel problems for solving the issue in STNs. In addition, we developed two matrix-based methods for these two problems and experiments on realworld datasets to demonstrate the practical utility of our methods.
MR-GCN: Multi-Relational Graph Convolutional Networks based on Generalized Tensor Product
Authors: Huang Zhichao , Li Xutao , Ye Yunming , Ng Michael K.
Published: July 2020

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been extensively studied in recent years. Most of existing GCN approaches are designed for the homogenous graphs with a single type of relation. However, heterogeneous graphs of multiple types of relations are also ubiquitous and there is a lack of methodologies to tackle such graphs. Some previous studies address the issue by performing conventional GCN on each single relation and then blending their results. However, as the convolutional kernels neglect the correlations across relations, the strategy is sub-optimal. In this paper, we propose the Multi-Relational Graph Convolutional Network (MR-GCN) framework by developing a novel convolution operator on multi-relational graphs. In particular, our multi-dimension convolution operator extends the graph spectral analysis into the eigen-decomposition of a Laplacian tensor. And the eigen-decomposition is formulated with a generalized tensor product, which can correspond to any unitary transform instead of limited merely to Fourier transform. We conduct comprehensive experiments on four real-world multi-relational graphs to solve the semi-supervised node classification task, and the results show the superiority of MR-GCN against the state-of-the-art competitors.
A Spatial Missing Value Imputation Method for Multi-view Urban Statistical Data
Authors: Gong Yongshun , Li Zhibin , Zhang Jian , Liu Wei , Chen Bei , Dong Xiangjun
Published: July 2020

Large volumes of urban statistical data with multiple views imply rich knowledge about the development degree of cities. These data present crucial statistics which play an irreplaceable role in the regional analysis and urban computing. In reality, however, the statistical data divided into fine-grained regions usually suffer from missing data problems. Those missing values hide the useful information that may result in a distorted data analysis. Thus, in this paper, we propose a spatial missing data imputation method for multi-view urban statistical data. To address this problem, we exploit an improved spatial multi-kernel clustering method to guide the imputation process cooperating with an adaptive-weight non-negative matrix factorization strategy. Intensive experiments are conducted with other state-of-the-art approaches on six real-world urban statistical datasets. The results not only show the superiority of our method against other comparative methods on different datasets, but also represent a strong generalizability of our model.