bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General approach to the line source electromagnetic scattering by a circular strip: Both E‐ and H‐polarisation cases
Authors: Karaçuha Kamil
Published: October 2021

This study presents a new approach to line‐source diffraction by a circular strip. The investigation is obtained by employing both electric and magnetic line sources where the corresponding field components satisfy the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. The position of the line source in the problem resulted in a very different radiation mechanism. Regarding the boundary condition and the aperture size, the total field characteristics change noticeably. The current density on the circular strip is expressed by Fourier series expansion, and then, orthogonal polynomials including edge condition are utilised to obtain the scattered field. The investigation is done throughout the far‐field radiation pattern, near‐field distributions, and the total radar cross‐section. Then, the results are compared with the analytical and numerical outcomes. For the comparison, the method of moments and the method of auxiliary sources are employed as the numerical tools.
An adaptative control strategy for interfacing converter of hybrid microgrid based on improved virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Xuesong , Zhang Zhe , Cui Ying , Ling Lyu , Cai Guowei
Published: October 2021

Inertial support for hybrid AC/DC microgrid systems is provided by the virtual synchronous generator (VSG). However, the fast performance of the system is neglected while enhancing the stability of the system. To address this problem, an adaptive virtual inertia control strategy based on VSG technology is proposed. This control approach adaptively adjusts the system virtual inertia when the system operation deviates from the nominal value, by slowing down the rate of change of AC frequency and DC voltage and improving the deviation of AC frequency and DC voltage. Meanwhile, when the AC frequency and DC voltage restore back to the rated value, the rate of change of AC frequency is accelerated and the DC voltage fluctuation is reduced by dynamically adjusting the virtual inertia of the system. The proposed adaptive virtual inertia control method combines the advantages of large and small inertia to effectively improve the dynamic response of the system voltage and frequency in both rectifier and inverter modes. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Anti-Corrosive Behavior of the Seed Extract of Amomum sabulatum
Authors: Daksh Neha , Saxena Akhil , Lade Jayahari , Gupta Nakul
Published: October 2021

An aqueous extract of Amomum sabulatum seeds was evaluated for anticorrosive effects on mild steel in the presence of HCl. Weight loss measurements were taken to determine the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency at various concentrations. With the increasing concentrations of plant extract, the results showed an improvement in inhibition efficiency and a decrease in corrosion rate. In the presence of 1500 ppm concentration of plant extract, it has an inhibition efficiency of 82.08 % at 303 K. The scanning electron microscope was used to examine the surface, which proves that while the extract was there, a protective layer formed on the metal surface.
Behaviour of Al2O3 in aluminium matrix composites: An overview
Authors: Singh Lokesh , Sehgal Shankar , Kuldeep K. Saxena
Published: October 2021

In this paper, behaviour of Al2O3 in aluminium matrix composites is reviewed for its properties and applications. In addition, many metal matrix composite fabrication processes are also elaborated. In the present days the aluminium metal matrix composite is in high demand because of its superior properties. Its demand is still on rise because of its widespread use in automotive industries, aerospace industries and marine industries. The method of the fabrication of aluminium matrix-based composite is also a deciding factor for its resultant properties. Desired composite-properties are achievable by proper selection of reinforcing materials as well as the physical conditions. Various sections of current information compile the details about the behaviour of alumina particles in aluminium-based matrix for formation of metal matrix composites.
Stress - strain behaviour of confined nano silica-based concrete
Authors: Kumar Kakara S J , Rao M V Seshagiri , Reddy V Srinivasa , Shrihari S
Published: October 2021

In the present study, the stress-stain behaviour of confined concrete made with nano-silica (nano-SiO2) were taken up. The stress-strain behaviour was studied for the M30 and M50 grades nano-silica (nano-SiO2) concrete mixes confined with steel rebars. The confinement was given in the form of steel hoops in the cylinders, 3 hoops (0.8%), 4 hoops (1.1%), 5 hoops (1.3%) and 6 hoops (1.6%). The addition of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) along with confinement of concrete with steel hoops enhanced the compressive strength, indicating further confinement effect in the concrete. It is observed that the addition of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) is helpful in lower confinements only. Beyond 1.1% confinement, doesn’t show any effect on compressive strengths. From the stress-strain behaviour of all types of concrete mixes, it is concluded that the ultimate load-carrying capacity and strains at peak stresses are more in nano-silica (nano-SiO2) concrete with steel hoops for mixes up to 1.1% confinement. The addition of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) to concrete has increased the ductility in both confined and unconfined states
Experimental and analytical evaluation of stress-strain behavior of basalt fibred concrete
Authors: Hasham Md , Reddy Srinivasa V , Giri Prasad Goud E , Hugar Prashant
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the stress-strain behavior of basalt fibred concrete experimentally. Cylinders of standard size 150 x 300 mm are cast with with and without basalt fibres and tested in uni-axial compression under strain control as per IS: 516-1999 to understand the stress-strain behavior of basalt fibred concrete. After developing empirical equations for stress-strain curves of basalt fibred concrete, theoretical values of stresses are calculated at different values of strains in concrete based on the developed empirical equations as given above and theoretical stress-strain curves are plotted. These theoretical stress-strain curves are compared with experimental stress-strain curves and found that, theoretical stress-strain curves have shown good correlation with experimental stress-strain curves for all concrete mixes.
Brain Tumors Classification System Using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Akila V. , Abhilash P.K. , Satya Phanindra P Bala Venakata , Kumar J Pavan , Kavitha A.
Published: October 2021

The brain is a body organ that controls exercise of the relative multitude of parts of the body. Conceding robotized mind tumors in MRI (Magnetic Reverberation Imaging) is a confounded assignment given size and area variety. This strategy decides a wide range of malignancies in the body. Past techniques devour additional time with less accuracy. A manual assessment can be mistaken because of the degree of intricacies engaged with cerebrum tumors and their properties. However, the above proposition isn’t appropriate for mind tumors because of colossal varieties in size and shape. Our proposed strategy to magnify arrangement performance. First, the expanded tumor district using picture enlargement is utilized to return for capital invested rather than the unique tumor area since it can give hints for tumor types. Second, expanded tumor locale split into progressively refined ring structure subregions. With three-component extraction approaches, employing photographs for information augmentation and rotating photographs at various angles, evaluate the performance of the suggested strategy on a large dataset. Utilizing Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN), grouping of the tumor into three categories and thus give a virtual portrayal of exact value.
Investigation of Static, Modal and Harmonic vibration analyses of Single Row SKF6205 Deep Groove Ball Bearing for thermal applications
Authors: Raju M. , Thiagarajan S. , Peter Pushpanathan D. , Selvarasu S. , Thirumavalavan S. , Karthikeyan R.
Published: October 2021

It is the necessary to predict the endurance capability of the mechanical element with its increased application and complexity. The present research work estimates the stress variation and displacement characteristics using finite element analyses of Single Row SKF6205 Deep Groove Ball Bearing under radial and axial loadings. The vibration analyses are evaluated in three aspects; static, modal, and harmonic analysis. The simulations show the variation of stress levels of the bearing in different loads. These results are used to predict the fatigue life, wear rate, and productivity of the ball bearing at various stochastic conditions.
Influence of calcium and alumina-based pozzolanas on the strength properties of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete
Authors: Saiteja Chary K , Shrihari S , Siva Prasad Raju V , Srinivasa Reddy V
Published: October 2021

This work presents the effect of Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) on the strength properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC). Geopolymer concrete made with FA produces calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) product due to presence of alumina and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel as main reaction product of polymerization. Geopolymer concrete made with FA and GGBS, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) also gets produced additionally with calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gel and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel due to presence of high content of CaO in GGBS. This additional product imparts more strength performance in GPC. In geopolymer concrete made with FA and MK, the more amount of calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) is produced due to presence of high amount of alumina in metakaolin along with sodium aluminosilicate hydrates (N-A-S-H) giving more strength to GPC. Metakaolin is recommended to be used for the development of GPC because it has high amount of alumina.
Surface Composite Fabrication by Friction Stir Processing: A Review
Authors: Sharma Anubhav , Maheshwari Sachin , Khanna Pradeep
Published: October 2021

Newer materials with unique properties are needed to cater the ever-increasing industrial demands to meet new challenges concerning technological advancements. Quest for special materials and processes is prevalent as conventional materials fail to level up. Composite materials promisingly bridge this gap by providing controllable properties at reasonable costs. Their scope of application can further be drastically enhanced by subjecting them to special surface processing treatments. Friction stir processing (FSP) is one such promising process that can meet the stringent applicational demands. Composites are increasingly being used in industries for properties like high strength to weight ratio, increased hardness, stiffness, ductility, corrosion resistance, etc. FSP, a solid-state material modification technique, has proved its caliber in surface composite fabrication. Some attention-seeking advantages of FSP include peerless efficiency, less tool wear rate, and ability to modify material locally are some of many attention-seeking advantages. Despite being cost-effective FSP also manages to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional manufacturing process. FSP reinforces a special material into the parent material surface to attain specific properties. Properties so developed depend on parameters like: tool geometry, traverse speed, rotation speed, number of passes etc. The present paper aims to review comprehensive information on fabrication of surface composites by FSP, process parameters, properties, industrial applications, and future scope.

Key Words:

Friction stir processing

surface processing treatments

surface composites

material modification

process parameters.
Effect of different grades of concrete on rc framed multi-storied building
Authors: Ramesh Vemundla , Raju Chitla
Published: October 2021

Due to the application of advanced material technology, concrete with high compressive strength is currently produced and used in many countries. This type of concrete can be produced by micro-silica and superplasticizers as well as applying good quality control procedures. The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in building construction is becoming popular because it has many advantages such as increased strength and stiffness, reduced size of concrete sections, improved resistance to creep and drying shrinkage, and material durability. Therefore we can use high strength concrete (HSC) in columns and normal strength concrete (NSC) for beams & floor sections. Thus this study will investigate the performance of 8 storey tall buildings in ZoneIV for medium grade soil with varying high strength concrete (HSC) normal strength concrete (NSC) subjected to far-field ground motions scaled to collapse of the structure using varying grades (M20, M25, M30, M35, M40, and M50) of concrete strength subjected to seismic ground motions scaled to collapse of the structure using a linear static method and this will be achieved through analytical modeling and analysis using ETABS2018 software.
Performance of Aerated Concrete Blocks Under Varying Temperatures
Authors: Satyanarayana G.V.V. , Deepak Reddy S.
Published: October 2021

Aerated concrete blocks (AC) are widely used as masonry in building construction because of their light weight and low density. Try to determine the strength, bonding, cracking and thermal behavior of aerated concrete blocks at different temperatures, mortar ratios and thickness. The results show that at temperatures above 100°C, the strength will decrease and cracks will appear, and the bonding behavior will vary with the thickness and proportion of the mortar. Compared with the solid concrete block model, Thermal Comfort Research shows better thermal comfort.
A Pin-On-Disk Study of Rail and Wheel in Dry and Mist Environments
Authors: Sachin  , Kumar Singh Rabesh , Kumar Sharma Anuj
Published: October 2021

The railways operate in various varying environmental conditions. The working environments affects the tribology of the rail and wheel contact. Therefore, the tribological properties of rail and wheel contact become important to study in these conditions. Commonly, rail and wheel contact functions under mist and wet conditions. The present study is conducted to analyse the behaviour of friction force and wear under dry, water with MQL and wet condition. The MQL is used to generate the mist condition. The study is performed on pin-on-disk tribometer in which pin is made of rail track material and disk is made of wheel material. From the experiments it was found that the friction force and wear both decreases significantly for mist condition as compared to dry condition and is least for wet condition. It was also noted that if load is increased the friction force and wear depth are also increases under all three conditions.
Covid-19 Forecasting using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques – Survey
Authors: Sruthi P. Lakshmi , Butchi Raju K.
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 is a global epidemic that has spread to over 170 nations. In practically all of the countries affected, the number of infected and death cases has been rising rapidly. Forecasting approaches can be implemented, resulting in the development of more effective strategies and the making of more informed judgments. These strategies examine historical data in order to make more accurate predictions about what will happen in the future. These forecasts could aid in preparing for potential risks and consequences. In order to create accurate findings, forecasting techniques are crucial. Forecasting strategies based on Big data analytics acquired from National databases (or) World Health Organization, as well as machine learning (or) data science techniques are classified in this study. This study shows the ability to predict the number of cases affected by COVID-19 as potential risk to mankind.
Retalho bilobado na reconstrução das clinodactilias da mão: Descrição da técnica e avaliação do resultado
Authors: Kaempf Ricardo , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Aita Márcio Aurelio , Delgado Pedro J. , Soldado Francisco , Vergara Enrique
Published: October 2021

Objetivo A clinodactilia é uma deformidade congênita da mão, caracterizada por desvio angular coronal, podendo ocorrer em polegares ou dedos. O tratamento cirúrgico é indicado para angulações severas. Dentre as técnicas descritas, uma das opções consiste no alinhamento ósseo, através de osteotomia em cunha de adição da falange anômala. Essa manobra de alinhamento gera uma dificuldade de cobertura cutânea, juntamente com a tensão das partes moles no lado côncavo da deformidade. Sendo assim, algum tipo de retalho cutâneo é necessário para o fechamento adequado da ferida cirúrgica. Objetivamos demonstrar a técnica citada e avaliar os resultados do retalho bilobado no tratamento das clinodactilias da mão.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo entre janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2015. Foram incluídos cinco pacientes no estudo, nove dedos foram submetidos à cirurgia. Tiveram indicação cirúrgica os pacientes com desvios angulares nos dedos acima de 30 graus. Não foram excluídos do estudo os pacientes com deformidades no polegar, nem aqueles com deformidades associadas a síndromes. Foram avaliados os resultados funcionais e estéticos com o uso desta técnica, assim como as complicações e o grau de satisfação dos familiares.

Resultados Todos os pacientes apresentaram resultados funcionais e estéticos satisfatórios, com cicatrização cutânea média de 18,6 dias. Entre os nove dedos submetidos à cirurgia, apenas um dos pacientes apresentou comprometimento vascular na porção distal do primeiro lobo do retalho, porém sem necrose ou necessidade de qualquer procedimento adicional. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante um intervalo mínimo de 12 meses. Nenhuma deformidade ocorreu durante o período de observação.

Conclusão O uso do retalho bilobado no tratamento das clinodactilias da mão é uma boa opção para cobertura cutânea após a realização de osteotomia.
Abordagem conservadora da mão torta ulnar tipo III: Relato de caso
Authors: Cury Gabriel Chartuni Teixeira , Sá Leonardo Álaf Lucinda de , Oliveira Cler David , Caires Nathália Vieira , Filho Arnaldo Gonçalves de Jesus , Schroder e Souza Bruno Gonçalves
Published: October 2021

A mão torta ulnar é uma rara afecção de membros superiores, cujo tratamento depende do grau de comprometimento morfológico e funcional, que se correlaciona com a classificação radiográfica de Dobyns, Wood e Bayne. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de um paciente de 6 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, acompanhado devido a mão torta ulnar do tipo III (aplasia total da ulna). Apesar da dificuldade inicial de manipular objetos e realizar tarefas cotidianas, o tratamento conservador fisioterapêutico propiciou o ganho de força e o desenvolvimento de habilidades funcionais para a vida diária. Concluímos que pacientes com deformidade do tipo III podem ser manejados adequadamente com reabilitação embora necessitem de seguimento ambulatorial até a maturidade esquelética, pois deformidades dinâmicas e novas limitações funcionais podem levar à necessidade de cirurgias corretivas.
Duplicação total do fêmur: Relato de caso com 23 anos de seguimento
Authors: Oliveira Rafael Garcia de , Catelan Giampaulo Marcelo , Gomes Cicero Ricardo
Published: October 2021

A duplicação do fêmur é raríssima, e os poucos casos descritos são de duplicações parcial, proximal ou distal. Segundo a nossa revisão de literatura, esse é o primeiro relato de duplicação total. O paciente foi acompanhado, sem tratamento cirúrgico, por 23 anos. Na última visita, queixava-se de dor lombar marcada discrepância dos membros inferiores. A avaliação clínico-radiográfica mostrava um joelho direito com dois côndilos femorais separados que se articulavam com a tíbia proximal e uma patela hipoplásica, e limitação da flexão do joelho em 95°. O paciente apresentava dismetria dos membros inferiores medida em 17 cm, o que resultava em obliquidade pélvica e escoliose dextroconvexa. O paciente recebeu uma ortoprótese de 16 cm que trouxe melhora do padrão de marcha e resolução da queixa de lombalgia.
A Rare Cause of Hemoptysis in West Syndrome—Isolated Aortopulmonary Collaterals in Structurally Normal Heart
Authors: Harshith Kramadhari , Anoop Ayyappan , Jineesh Valakkada
Published: October 2021

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are abnormal systemic to pulmonary collateral vessels originating from the persistent segmental arteries. The common conditions concomitant with MAPCA are congenital heart diseases with reduced pulmonary blood flow. Isolated MAPCAs represent occurrence of collaterals in the absence of underlying heart disease, which commonly present as heart failure, recurrent respiratory tract infection, and pulmonary artery hypertension. Here, we describe a case of West syndrome presenting with hemoptysis due to isolated MAPCAs and its causal relation and management.
Radio-pathological and Clinical Correlation of Aggressive Angiomyxoma: Experience of a Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital
Authors: Dhamija Ekta , Aswar Harshal , Ehmad Sawyer , Barwad Adarsh , Pandey Rambha , Rastogi Sameer
Published: October 2021

Background Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal tumor predominantly affecting the pelvis and perineum of females. Due to its variable clinical presentation, it is often misinterpreted and treated as other pathologies like Bartholin gland cyst, vulvar abscess, and hernia. The tumor is locally infiltrative, making its complete surgical removal difficult.

Aim The aim of the study is to highlight and illustrate the imaging and pathological features of AAM.

Materials and Methods After obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, a retrospective study was conducted on patients with histopathological diagnosis of AAM, presenting to the dedicated sarcoma clinic between 2016 and 2019. The demographic, clinical, radiological, pathological, and treatment details were obtained from the institute's database. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography images were reviewed to assess different imaging parameters. Follow-up imaging was assessed for residual or recurrent mass in the pelvis or perineum and distant metastasis.

Results A total of four patients were included with an age range of 28 to 50 years. The baseline MRI of these four patients shows pelvic mass extending into the perineum, infiltrating along the surrounding fascial planes with the characteristic laminated appearance on T2-weighted image and gradual intense enhancement following contrast administration. All patients had residual disease post-surgery and were put on hormonal therapy.

Conclusion AAMs are locally aggressive, rarely metastasizing mesenchymal tumor that has a specific predilection for the perineum and pelvis of females. MRI features like laminated or striated appearance, post-contrast enhancement, and finger-like infiltrating projections should raise the suspicion of the diagnosis on baseline imaging.
Imaging Features of Postradiotherapy Changes in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Gehani Anisha , Sen Saugata , Chatterjee Sanjoy , Mukhopadhyay Sumit
Published: October 2021

Radiation therapy is the mainstay in the treatment of head and neck cancers, in addition to surgery and chemotherapy. Expected radiotherapy changes evolving over time may be confused with recurrent tumor. Conversely, even residual or recurrent tumor in the setting of postradiotherapy changes may be difficult to identify clinically or even by radiological imaging. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with the temporal evolution of these changes. The purpose of this pictorial essay is thus to illustrate distinctly the expected radiotherapy changes and radiotherapy-related complications in the head and neck region and to differentiate them from tumor recurrence on routine cross-sectional imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging).
Variability in the Processing of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Paul Kyle D. , Patel Romil K. , Arguello Alexandra M. , Kwapisz Adam , Brabston Eugene W. , Stannard James P. , Ponce Brent A. , Momaya Amit M.
Published: October 2021

The indications for fresh osteochondral allograft continue to increase. As a result, variations in graft processing and preservation methods have emerged. An understanding of these techniques is important when evaluating the optimal protocol for processing fresh osteochondral allografts prior to surgical implantation. The aim of this study is to review the literature and understand various tissue processing protocols of four leading tissue banks in the United States. Donor procurement, serological and microbiological testing, and storage procedures were compared among companies of interest. Similarities between the major tissue banks include donor screening, aseptic processing, and testing for microorganisms. Variability exists between these companies with relation to choice of storage media, antibiotic usage, storage temperature, and graft expiration dates. Potential exists for increased chondrocyte viability and lengthened time-to-expiration of the graft through a protocol of delicate tissue handling, proper choice of storage medium, adding hormones and growth factors like insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to serum-free nutrient media, and storing these grafts closer to physiologic temperatures.
Current Insights in the Evaluation and Treatment of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ashley Blair S. , Parvizi Javad
Published: October 2021

Total knee arthroplasty is a widely successful procedure, but a small percentage of patients have a postoperative course complicated by periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). PJI is a difficult problem to diagnose and to treat, and the management of PJI differs, depending on the acuity of the infection. This paper discusses the established and newer technologies developed for the diagnosis of PJI as well as different treatment considerations and surgical solutions currently available.
Photoluminescence and Raman mapping of β-Ga2O3
Authors: Remple Cassandra , Huso Jesse , McCluskey Matthew D.
Published: October 2021

The semi-insulating single crystal β-Ga2O3 is becoming increasingly useful as a substrate for device fabrication. Fe doping is a method for producing such substrates. Along with Fe dopants, β-Ga2O3:Fe also contains Cr3+. Photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks at 690 nm (1.80 eV) and 696 nm (1.78 eV), as well as a broad feature around 709 nm (1.75 eV), are observed in β-Ga2O3:Fe. PL mapping of the 690 nm emission showed high and low intensity bands due to impurity striations introduced during crystal growth. PL mapping also revealed surface defects showing broad emissions around 983 nm (1.26 eV) and 886 nm (1.40 eV) that were spatially localized, occurring at discrete spots on the sample surface. Raman mapping of an 886 nm emission center revealed peaks at 2878 and 2930 cm−1, consistent with an organometallic or hydrocarbon compound. Raman mapping of the 983 nm center showed a peak at 2892 cm−1. Bright UV emission centers showed Raman peaks at 2910 and 2968 cm−1, which are attributed to Si–CH3 groups that may originate from silica polishing compounds or annealing in a silica ampoule.
Exact Solution of a Non-Hermitian Generalized Rabi Model
Authors: Cao Yusong , Cao Junpeng
Published: October 2021

An integrable non-Hermitian generalized Rabi model is constructed. A twist matrix is introduced to the construction of Hamiltonian and generates the non-Hermitian properties. The Yang-Baxter integrability of the system is proven. The exact energy spectrum and eigenstates are obtained using the Bethe ansatz. The method given in this study provides a general way to construct integrable spin-boson models.
Regarding the Distribution of Glue in the Pion
Authors: Chang Lei , Roberts Craig D.
Published: October 2021

Understanding why the scale of emergent hadron mass is obvious in the proton but hidden in the pion may rest on mapping the distribution functions (DFs) of all partons within the pion and comparing them with those in the proton; and since glue provides binding in quantum chromodynamics, the glue DF could play a special role. Producing reliable predictions for the proton’s DFs is difficult because the proton is a three-valence-body bound-state problem. As sketched herein, the situation for the pion, a two-valence-body problem, is much better, with continuum and lattice predictions for the valence-quark and glue DFs in agreement. This beginning of theory alignment is timely because experimental facilities now either in operation or planning promise to realize the longstanding goal of providing piontargets, thereby enabling precision experimental tests of rigorous theory predictions concerning Nature’s most fundamental Nambu–Goldstone bosons.
Towards High-Dimensional Entanglement in Path: Photon-Source Produced from a Two-Dimensional Atomic Cloud
Authors: Liu Shaoxing , Lai Xuanying , Yang Ce , Chen J. F.
Published: October 2021

A photon source with high-dimensional entanglement is able to bring increasing capacity of information in quantum communication. The dimensionality is determined by the chosen degree of freedom of the photons and is limited by the complexity of the physical systems. Here we propose a new type of high-dimensional entangled photon source, generated via path-indistinguishable scheme from a two-dimensional atomic cloud, which is prepared in a magneto-optical trap. To verify the photon source, we demonstrate experimentally the quantum state of the single photons heralded by its partner photon, with homodyne tomographic technology.
Excitation of RSAEs during Sawteeth-Like Oscillation in EAST
Authors: Xu Ming , Zhong Guoqiang , Hao Baolong , Shen Wei , Hu Liqun , Chen Wei , Qiu Zhiyong , Zhang Xuexi , Hu Youjun , Li Yingying , Zhao Hailin , Liu Haiqing , Lyu Bo
Published: October 2021

The excitation condition of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) has been investigated during sawtooth-like oscillation in the EAST tokamak. The sawtooth-like phenomena can be reproduced in the configuration of reversed magnetic shear, and the threshold gradient of electron temperature is formed accordingly, together with the increasing of the confinement of thermal particles. The distribution function of energetic ions density is altered dramatically when the neutral beam is switched from NBI1L (tangent) to NBI1R (perpendicular), which can be captured by the measurement of radial neutron camera. The RSAEs are excited easily in the vicinity of q
min (1.99 m ≤ R ≤ 2.06 m) for the injection of neutral beam with perpendicular direction, which should be excited by the steep gradient of energetic ions density. Furthermore, the excitation of RSAEs and the formation of threshold gradient of electron temperature can take place concurrently, which means that the neutral beam with perpendicular injection is beneficial for the establishment of internal transport barrier.
Universal Theory and Basic Rules of Strain-Dependent Doping Behaviors in Semiconductors
Authors: Yan Xiaolan , Li Pei , Wei Su-Huai , Huang Bing
Published: October 2021

Enhancing the dopability of semiconductors via strain engineering is critical to improving their functionalities, which is, however, largely hindered by the lack of basic rules. In this study, for the first time, we develop a universal theory to understand the total energy changes of point defects (or dopants) with different charge states under strains, which can exhibit either parabolic or superlinear behaviors, determined by the size of defect-induced local volume change (Δ V). In general, Δ V increases (decreases) when an electron is added (removed) to (from) the defect site. Consequently, in terms of this universal theory, three basic rules can be obtained to further understand or predict the diverse strain-dependent doping behaviors, i.e., defect formation energies, charge-state transition levels, and Fermi pinning levels, in semiconductors. These three basic rules could be generally applied to improve the doping performance or overcome the doping bottlenecks in various semiconductors.
Coulomb Thermoelectric Drag in Four-Terminal Mesoscopic Quantum Transport
Authors: Xi Mengmeng , Wang Rongqian , Lu Jincheng , Jiang Jian-Hua
Published: October 2021

We show that the Coulomb interaction between two circuits separated by an insulating layer leads to unconventional thermoelectric effects, such as the cooling by thermal current effect, the transverse thermoelectric effect and Maxwell’s demon effect. The first refers to cooling in one circuit induced by the thermal current in the other circuit. The middle represents electric power generation in one circuit by the temperature gradient in the other circuit. The physical picture of Coulomb drag between the two circuits is first demonstrated for the case with one quantum dot in each circuit and it is then elaborated for the case with two quantum dots in each circuit. In the latter case, the heat exchange between the two circuits can vanish. Finally, we also show that the Maxwell’s demon effect can be realized in the four-terminal quantum dot thermoelectric system, in which the quantum system absorbs the heat from the high-temperature heat bath and releases the same heat to the low-temperature heat bath without any energy exchange with the two heat baths. Our study reveals the role of Coulomb interaction in non-local four-terminal thermoelectric transport.
Barriers and facilitators to virtual care in a geriatric medicine clinic: a semi-structured interview study of patient, caregiver and healthcare provider perspectives
Authors: Watt Jennifer A , Fahim Christine , Straus Sharon E , Goodarzi Zahra
Published: October 2021

Background

COVID-19-related physical distancing measures necessitated widespread adoption of virtual care (i.e. telephone or videoconference), but patients, caregivers and healthcare providers raised concerns about its implementation and sustainability given barriers faced by older adults.

Objective

To describe barriers and facilitators experienced by people accessing and providing virtual care in a geriatric medicine clinic.

Design

Qualitative semi-structured interview study.

Setting and participants

We recruited and interviewed 20 English-speaking patients, caregivers and healthcare providers who participated in virtual care at St. Michael’s Hospital’s geriatric medicine clinic, Toronto, Canada, between 22 October 2020 and 23 January 2021.

Methods

We analyzed data in two stages: framework analysis and deductive coding to the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Results

We included six healthcare providers, seven patients and seven caregivers. We identified eight themes: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on virtual care uptake, complexity of virtually caring for older adults, uncertain accuracy of virtual assessments, inequity in access to virtual care, importance of caring for the patient-caregiver dyad, assimilating technology into the lives of older adults, impact of technology-related factors on virtual care uptake and impact of clinic processes on integration of virtual care into outpatient care. Further, we identified knowledge, skills, belief in capabilities, and environmental context and resources as key barriers and facilitators to uptake.

Conclusions

Patients, caregivers and healthcare providers believe that there is a role for virtual care after COVID-19-related physical distancing measures relax, but we must tailor implementation of virtual care programs for older adults based on identified barriers and facilitators.
“Split-Face” Evaluation of Collagen Changes Induced by Periorbital Fractional CO2 Laser Resurfacing
Authors: de Filippi Sartori Juliana , Osaki Tammy Hentona , Osaki Midori Hentona , de Souza Rodrigo Barbosa , Allemann Norma
Published: October 2021

Background

Periorbital fractional CO2 laser resurfacing has been employed for facial rejuvenation purposes. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has objectively assessed periorbital neoformation and remodeling of local cutaneous collagen, in a split-face model, from skin samples obtained during upper blepharoplasty.

Objectives

The authors sought to objectively evaluate neoformation and remodeling of local cutaneous collagen after periorbital skin fractional CO2 laser resurfacing.

Methods

Sixteen female patients presenting with dermatochalasis and periorbital rhytids were evaluated in a prospective and comparative study. All patients underwent unilateral periorbital fractional CO2 laser resurfacing 30 days before upper blepharoplasty. Quantification of types I and III collagen from laser-treated and untreated eyelid skin samples obtained during upper blepharoplasty was assessed with histochemical analysis (Picrosirius Red staining). Laser resurfacing treatment was applied to the untreated side immediately after the upper blepharoplasty. Two blinded, independent physicians evaluated clinical improvement in pretreatment and 1- and 6-month posttreatment digital images.

Results

Histochemical analysis showed significantly higher intensity in collagen types I (treated: 158.7 ± 5.3, untreated: 139.2 ± 5.0; P < 0.0001) and III (treated: 105.1 ± 7.7, untreated: 104.1 ± 7.1; P < 0.0001) in the fractional CO2 laser treatment samples; a greater difference was detected in collagen type I. A significant improvement in periorbital rhytidosis was observed 1 month after laser resurfacing (23%); a greater improvement in the periorbital region was observed 6 months after laser resurfacing and upper blepharoplasty (43.67%).

Conclusions

Periorbital fractional CO2 laser resurfacing was an effective method to improve palpebral skin, with histochemical evidence of increase in collagen types I and III.

Level of Evidence: 4
How important was polyploidy in the diversification of herbs in the Chaquean Domain? The case of theTurnera sidoidesautopolyploid complex (Passifloraceae: Turneroideae)
Authors: Solís Neffa Viviana G , Moreno E M Sara , Silva Gisella C , Kovalsky I Evelin , Via Do Pico Gisela M , Almirón Emilia N A , Roggero Luque Juan M , Fernández Silvia A , Paredes Esteban N , Chalup Laura M I , Robledo Dobladez Germán A , Seijo J Guillermo
Published: October 2021

The evolutionary processes that shape the unique biodiversity of the Neotropical Chaquean Domain are still poorly understood, and choosing an appropriate model to address evolutionary questions is essential for understanding the current patterns of Chaquean diversity. We used the Turnera sidoides autopolyploid complex as a model to assess current and past environmental factors and the processes that shaped and maintain its intraspecific variation in the Chaquean Domain. Based on current and past niche modelling, cytogeographical and genetic divergence analyses, we provide strong evidence that the T. sidoides complex has been in an active process of intraspecific allopatric diversification at the diploid level since the early Pleistocene. Further diversification of the complex involved the emergence of independent polyploid series in each morphologically divergent lineage. Cytotypes in each series do not differ in diagnostic morphological traits, but are reproductively isolated and have different ecological requirements. Currently, each subspecies/morphotype and cytotype are true species according to the biological, evolutionary and ecological concepts; however, they are still considered to be the same morphological species. Our study has clarified the effect of the complex processes of diversification occurring in the Chaquean Domain on T. sidoides and that much diversity is overlooked when only the morphological species concept is considered when estimating the diversity of Neotropical ecoregions.
Gene Ontology curation of the blood–brain barrier to improve the analysis of Alzheimer’s and other neurological diseases
Authors: Saverimuttu Shirin C C , Kramarz Barbara , Rodríguez-López Milagros , Garmiri Penelope , Attrill Helen , Thurlow Katherine E , Makris Marios , de Miranda Pinheiro Sandra , Orchard Sandra , Lovering Ruth C
Published: October 2021

The role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases is still the subject of many studies. However, those studies using high-throughput methods have been compromised by the lack of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations describing the role of proteins in the normal function of the BBB. The GO Consortium provides a gold-standard bioinformatics resource used for analysis and interpretation of large biomedical data sets. However, the GO is also used by other research communities and, therefore, must meet a variety of demands on the breadth and depth of information that is provided. To meet the needs of the Alzheimer’s research community we have focused on the GO annotation of the BBB, with over 100 transport or junctional proteins prioritized for annotation. This project has led to a substantial increase in the number of human proteins associated with BBB-relevant GO terms as well as more comprehensive annotation of these proteins in many other processes. Furthermore, data describing the microRNAs that regulate the expression of these priority proteins have also been curated. Thus, this project has increased both the breadth and depth of annotation for these prioritized BBB proteins.

Database URLhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/
Multimodality imaging approach to left ventricular dysfunction in diabetes: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
Authors: Marwick Thomas H , Gimelli Alessia , Plein Sven , Bax Jeroen J , Charron Phillippe , Delgado Victoria , Donal Erwan , Lancellotti Patrizio , Levelt Eylem , Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Neubauer Stefan , Pontone Gianluca , Saraste Antti , Cosyns Bernard , Edvardsen Thor , Popescu Bogdan A , Galderisi Maurizio , Derumeaux Genevieve ,   Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2020–2022 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee, Bäck Magnus , Bertrand Philippe B , Dweck Marc , Keenan Niall , Magne Julien , Neglia Danilo , Stankovic Ivan
Published: October 2021

Heart failure (HF) is among the most important and frequent complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The detection of subclinical dysfunction is a marker of HF risk and presents a potential target for reducing incident HF in DM. Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction secondary to DM is heterogeneous, with phenotypes including predominantly systolic, predominantly diastolic, and mixed dysfunction. Indeed, the pathogenesis of HF in this setting is heterogeneous. Effective management of this problem will require detailed phenotyping of the contributions of fibrosis, microcirculatory disturbance, abnormal metabolism, and sympathetic innervation, among other mechanisms. For this reason, an imaging strategy for the detection of HF risk needs to not only detect subclinical LV dysfunction (LVD) but also characterize its pathogenesis. At present, it is possible to identify individuals with DM at increased risk HF, and there is evidence that cardioprotection may be of benefit. However, there is insufficient justification for HF screening, because we need stronger evidence of the links between the detection of LVD, treatment, and improved outcome. This review discusses the options for screening for LVD, the potential means of identifying the underlying mechanisms, and the pathways to treatment.
A case report of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by B-cell lymphoma: a rare presentation in an adult patient with pulmonary atresia
Authors: Chatta Payush , Qureashi Mohammad , Plato Steven , Kirk Shannon , Yau David , Kheiwa Ahmed , Parwani Purvi , Razzouk Anees
Published: October 2021

Background

Right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction is a common long-term complication in adult patients with pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD). Common causes include valve thrombosis, stent fractures, and graft calcification. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of malignant invasion of a Gore-Tex conduit, causing severe right ventricle (RV) failure.

Case summary

A 30-year-old woman with a history of PA/VSD with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) presented with worsening dyspnoea and exercise intolerance. In infancy, she underwent unifocalization of the right- and left-sided AP collaterals utilizing an 18 and 16 mm Gore-Tex graft, respectively. At age 7, she had surgical repair with VSD patch closure and placement of a 20 mm right ventricle-pulmonary artery (RVPA) homograft connected to a 20 mm Gore-Tex graft with linkage to the previously placed right and left unifocalization grafts. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a severely dilated RV and a heavily calcified RVOT conduit with severe stenosis. Cardiac computed tomography showed a stenotic RVPA conduit with calcified mural mass. She underwent surgical revision of the RVPA conduit with thromboendarterectomy of bilateral pulmonary arteries. Pathology of the removed conduit revealed fibrin-associated Epstein–Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (FA DLBCL).

Discussion

One prior case report has demonstrated invasion of DLBCL involving an aortic synthetic tube graft. However, malignant invasion of the RVOT Gore-Tex conduit has yet to be reported. Pathological review can be essential in guiding management. Malignant invasion of Gore-Tex conduits is a rare phenomenon, but one that should be closely monitored following repair of the RVOT.
Pericardial effusion in the course of Fabry disease cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Tsuruda Toshihiro , Higashi Yoshimasa , Gi Toshihiro , Nakao Shoichiro
Published: October 2021

Background

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-chromosome-linked inherited disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism due to deficient or absent lysosomal α-galactosidase A activity.

Case summary

A 51-year-old Japanese woman with a previous diagnosis of FD presented with pericardial effusion. The exudative pericardial fluid contained globotriaosylsphingosine. Left ventricular hypertrophy progressed despite regular administration of agalsidase alfa every 2 weeks over a 7-year period, with increases in plasma levels of globotriaosylsphingosine and interleukin (IL)-18. In addition, the IL-6 level in the pericardial fluid was markedly higher than that in plasma.

Discussion

This case suggests that elevated IL-6 and IL-18 levels in pericardial fluid and plasma indicate the severity of FD cardiomyopathy.
A case report of primary cardiac intimal sarcoma presenting with atrial fibrillation and a left atrial mass
Authors: Ho Karen , Yatham Kavya , Seno Rommel , Sultan Omar
Published: October 2021

Background

Intimal sarcoma is an exceedingly rare type of primary cardiac tumour. It is characterized by poorly differentiated spindle-shaped cells that can mimic smooth muscle and is strongly associated with MDM2 genetic amplification. Owing to its rarity and non-distinctive histological features, diagnosis remains a significant challenge.

Case summary

In this case report, we describe a case of primary cardiac intimal sarcoma in a 37-year-old woman who presented with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a left atrial mass. Despite having a histological sample from an excised left atrial mass, the diagnosis was not made until she presented with back pain secondary to metastatic disease to the spine.

Discussion

Primary cardiac intimal sarcoma is an extremely rare diagnosis. The mainstay management of intimal cardiac sarcoma is aggressive surgical resection. Unfortunately, the prognosis of cardiac sarcomas remains very poor, with a mean survival between 3 months and 1 year. This case of cardiac intimal sarcoma highlights the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis, particularly given the unusual presentation of AF.