bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HOLISTIK TARI TOPENG CEPAK KARYA CAHWATI SUGIARTO DI KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Utami Anne Amalia , Sulastuti Katarina Indah
Published: August 2024

The “Topeng Cepak” dance creation by Cahwati Sugiarto inspired of the Puppet “Golek Cepak” and “Topeng Endel” dance. Tradition art with little interest. However, Cahwati Sugiarto created the Topeng Cepak dance to people’s interest traditional art in Tegal Distrik. Research problem is (1) What is Cahwati Sugiarto role as an artist in Tegal District? (2) What is the form of the dance “Topeng Cepak” by Cahwati Sugiarto? (3) How does the public responds to the dance “Topeng Cepak” by Cahwati. Researchers use a holistic approach from H.B. Sutopo with three interrelated components such as Genetic Analysis, Objective Analysis, and Afective Analysis. The Researcher used the theory of dance form by Widyastutieningrum is physical form and expressions form. The Research used the theory of audience responses by Sulastuti is audience comprehender, audience trained, and audience general. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. Data Collection techniques using observation, interview, and literature review. The research results show that Cahwati Sugiarto is a talented and creative artist in creating works of art. The “Topeng Cepak” dance has a feminine and masuculine characteristics in perform. The “Topeng Cepak” dance is a single dance that has a movement style inspired by puppet “Golek Cepak”, “Topeng Tegalan” dance, Cirebon Style, Surakarta Style and Banyumasan Style. The “Topeng Cepak” dance get a good response from public, because it was unique, energetic, and music style from Cirebon and Banyumas.
COMPARISON OF DECISION TREE AND RANDOM FOREST METHODS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Maulidiyyah Nova Auliyatul , Trimono Trimono , Damaliana Aviolla Terza , Prasetya Dwi Arman
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a deadly disease caused by the failure of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. Indonesia ranks fifth in the world with the number of people with diabetes in 2021 at around 19.47 million, and this number continues to increase. One of the main challenges in diabetes management is to make the right classification between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as misdiagnosis can result in inappropriate treatment and worsen the patient's condition. This study uses a machine learning approach to compare Decision Tree and Random Forest methods in classifying type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The goal is to identify the most effective model in predicting the type of diabetes based on medical record data. The comparison was done using k-fold cross validation and confusion matrix. The results showed that Random Forest provided an average accuracy of 94%, while Decision Tree reached 93% during cross validation testing. Although both models were able to perform well in classification, Random Forest showed a more stable performance and a slight edge in accuracy over Decision Tree. Evaluation with the confusion matrix showed that the Decision Tree model achieved 93% accuracy compared to Random Forest's 91%. In addition, the Decision Tree model also had a lower number of prediction errors, 7, compared to 9 for Random Forest. The most influential variables in classification also differed between the two models, showing the unique advantages and characteristics of each approach.
DESIGN OF MICROSLEEP DETECTION SYSTEM IN 32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER-BASED MOTORISTS WITH RANDOM FOREST METHOD
Authors: Maqdis Syiva Awaliyah , Adiwilaga Anugrah , Munawir Munawir
Published: August 2024

The number of motorcycle accidents has increased rapidly every year. Many occur due to drowsiness or fatigue because motorists force themselves to keep driving. The state of fatigue while driving is also known as microsleep. To overcome this problem, we propose a design of a prototype system that can be installed on the helmet of a motorized user so that the driver is more alert when driving a vehicle. This system utilizes machine learning technology with the Random Forest algorithm with two prediction results: prediction 1, which means the motorcyclist is tired, or prediction 0, which means the motorcyclist is in a normal state, embedded in the ESP32 microcontroller, and a tilt sensor that can detect signs of drowsiness in motorists. This system design will use the MPU6050 sensor to measure changes in the angle of the motorcyclist's head. The microcontroller will process the data obtained to identify head changes that indicate the possibility of drowsiness. If it occurs, the buzzer will beep as a warning to warn the driver to take a short break. The test results in drowsiness conditions with an angle of 10°–30° resulted in 100% accuracy, and normal conditions only at an angle of 0°–6° resulted in 100% accuracy. The result of the developed system is expected to reduce the number of accidents caused by drowsiness
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-pathogenic potential of a polyherbal formulation Enteropan® against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Parmar Sweety , Gajera Gemini , Thakkar Nidhi , Palep Hanmanthrao S. , Kothari Vijay
Published: August 2024

Objective: Anti-pathogenic potential of a polyherbal formulation Enteropan® was investigated against a multidrug-resistant strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Methods: Growth, pigment production, antibiotic susceptibility, etc., were assessed through appropriate in vitro assays. Virulence of the test pathogen was assessed employing the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host. Molecular mechanisms underlining the anti-pathogenic activity of the test formulation were elucidated through whole transcriptome analysis of the extract-exposed bacterial culture.
Results: Enteropan-pre-exposed P. aeruginosa displayed reduced (~70%↓) virulence towards the model host C. elegans. Enteropan affected various traits like biofilm formation, protein synthesis and secretion, quorum-modulated pigment production, antibiotic susceptibility, nitrogen metabolism, etc., in this pathogen. P. aeruginosa could not develop complete resistance to the virulence-attenuating activity of Enteropan even after repeated exposure to this polyherbal formulation. Whole transcriptome analysis showed 17% of P. aeruginosa genome to get differentially expressed under influence of Enteropan. Major mechanisms through which Enteropan exerted its anti-virulence activity were found to be generation of nitrosative stress, oxidative stress, envelop stress, quorum modulation, disturbance of protein homeostasis and metal homeostasis. Network analysis of the differently expressed genes resulted in identification of 10 proteins with high network centrality as potential targets from among the downregulated genes. Differential expression of genes coding for five (rpoA, tig, rpsB, rpsL, and rpsJ) of these targets was validated through real-time polymerase chain reaction too, and they can further be pursued as potential targets by various drug discovery programmes.
Uma nova lista compreensiva de Bignoniaceae para o estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo da Silva , Lohmann Lúcia Garcez , Soares Célia Regina Araújo
Published: August 2024

As Bignoniaceae são um importante componente das florestas tropicais, especialmente no Brasil, onde a família é mais diversa. Apesar disso, o conhecimento desta família ainda é fragmentado em diversas regiões do país, especialmente na região Ocidental do Brasil. Neste estudo, nós apresentamos um checklist atualizado das Bignoniaceae do estado de Mato Grosso (MT), Brasil. Esta lista é baseada em múltiplas visitas a herbários locais, análise de exsicatas disponíveis on-line e expedições de campo. Ao todo, documentamos 115 espécies da família para o Mato Grosso, incluindo a primeira ocorrência do gênero Godmania e 12 novas ocorrências de espécies de Bignoniaceae para o estado. Nossos resultados enfatizam a importância de expedições de campo e estudos detalhados de coleções depositadas em herbários locais para a documentação precisa da biodiversidade. Listas de espécies compreensivas são extremamente importantes para orientar os esforços futuros de amostragens e conservação da biodiversidade.
The Influence Of Positive Self-Talk On Motivation To Heal In Prisoners With Drug Abuse Cases In Prisons Class Ii B Polewali West Sulawesi
Authors: Aeni Nurul , Yosep Iyus , Sriati Aat
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of convicts who abuse drugs continues to increase. Motivation is one of the main factors that hinders the recovery process. The role of nurses is crucial in handling efforts to improve recovery. The nursing intervention that can be carried out is Positive Self-Talk. Positive Self-Talk provides encouragement and motivation to make changes to individuals. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of positive self-talk on motivation to recover in prisoners who are victims of drug abuse. The research method used is quasi experimental with a pre-test and post-test with control group research design. The number of samples was 80 respondents with 40 respondents in the control group and 40 respondents in the intervention group who were drug users in Class II B Prison. The research was conducted over 7 days with 14 meetings and involved daily self-reports twice a day, in the morning and evening, using the University of Rhode Assessment Scale (URICA) questionnaire. Data analysis used univariate tests and bivariate tests, namely the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. The pre-test showed that 67.5% of the control group and 65% of the intervention group were in the precontemplation stage. However, the post-test showed significant changes with 57.5% of the control group moving to the contemplation stage, while 75.5% of the intervention group were at that stage. The results of the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests strengthened significant differences between groups (p-value < 0.001). positive self-talk has a significant influence on motivation in drug abuse convicts. For further research to measure the precision of the effectiveness of the Positive Self-Talk intervention, it can be done by increasing the duration of the intervention. The recommendation is to integrate positive self-talk as an important part of the rehabilitation program by providing training to counselors in its application.
Effectiveness Of Gray Water Mud And Cow Dung Weight Variations As Activators For Organic Waste Decomposition
Authors: Ganing Abdul , Mappau Zrimurti , Saddania Sitti , Suaebu Syamsuddin
Published: August 2024

Organic waste from household activities and traditional markets causes large volumes of waste to be generated every day at the Mamuju landfill. To reduce the volume of organic waste, efforts need to be made to minimize generation through innovation. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of differences between variations of gray water mud and cow dung on physical quality of compost (pH, temperature, humidity), macro elements (Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus, C/N ratio , Kalium) in the decomposition of organic waste. This research involves conducting quasi experimental research on organic waste using bioactivators made from gray water sewer mud and cow dung. This research consisted of 6 (six) treatments and 1 control, so 7 (seven) composters were made. The final result of composting after analyzed for N content after 28 days are K (0,54), GW100(0,6), GW200(0,53), GW300(0,62), KS100(0,61), KS200(0,59), KS300(0,58). For P content are K(0,14), GW100(0,15), GW200(0,2), GW300(0,18), KS100(0,18), KS200(0,20), KS300(0,23). For K content are K(0,36), GW100(0,26), GW200(0,47), GW300(0,4). KS100(0,44), KS200(0,42), KS300(0,51). C/N ratio are K(70,7), GW100(58,06), GW200(87,1). GW300(56,54), KS100(60,85), KS200(58,87), KS300(60,08). And for C Organic content are K(38), GW100(35), GW200(46), GW300(35), KS100(37), KS200(35), KS300(35). The final results of composting showed that the quality of the compost with the addition bio activator of gray water mud and cow dung for 28 days is not eligible of SNI 19-7030-2004. This is due to husks have a fairly high carbon value, so 28 days is not enough to decompose into good quality compost.
Health Education To Religious And Traditional Leaders Improves Knowledge, Attitude And Action In Supporting The Detection Of New Cases Of Leprosy
Authors: Saimi Saimi , Firmansyah Ade Surya , Suiraoka I Putu
Published: August 2024

Background: Leprosy is still a serious health problem in Indonesia. The rate of transmission of this disease is still high, but the discovery of new cases is low and the rate of dropping out of treatment is high. This indicates that the strategies for treating leprosy that have been implemented so far have not been effective enough. So appropriate efforts are needed to overcome the problem comprehensively and sustainably. Objective: Conduct educational interventions about leprosy for religious and traditional leaders to help find cases to increase the New Case Detection Rate of leprosy. Method: Quasi-Experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. Population: are religious leaders and traditional leaders. The sample size was 50 people. Results: there was a significant increase in the variables of knowledge (p-value<0.05), positive attitudes (p-value<0.05), and actions (p-value<0.05) from religious leaders and traditional leaders regarding leprosy after the intervention. Traditional and religious leaders have a joint commitment to eradicate Hansen's Disease after intervention. Conclusion: Educational interventions for religious and traditional leaders significantly increased the knowledge, attitude and actions in supporting new case detection rate of leprosy. Recommendation: This intervention model can be followed up by relevant stakeholders to solve the problem of detecting new cases of leprosy.
Psychoreligius Experiences to Control Emotion in Patientswith the Risk of Violent Behavior at Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: PH Livana , Dawood Eman
Published: August 2024

Implementation strategies (SP) are carried out as a means of evaluation, in other words strategies used to carry out self-introspection in order to demand that oneself achieve better goals and results and minimize the possibility of deficiencies or failures.. The research aims to determine psychoreligious experiences in controlling emotions in patients at risk of violent behavior. The research used was descriptive qualitative, with data analysis using the Colaizzi method, with five participants. The inclusion criteria for participants were inpatients with a nursing diagnosis of risk of violent behavior and cooperative patients. This research was conducted at RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. The results of interviews related to psychoreligious experiences in controlling emotions in patients at risk of violent behavior, all participants admitted that psychoreligious practices: prayer, dhikr and supplication were able to reduce emotions. Participants stated that they felt calmer when they were close to their God. These psychoreligious activities can be applied into daily activities for patients especially with violent behavior, this method can also be applied in daily life to feel calmer and able to live life well again.
Effect Of Donor Blood Storage Period on Hemoglobin Levels and Erythrocyte Cell Morphology
Authors: Wulandari Eka Wahyu Putri , Afriansyah Muhammad Ardi , Sukeksi Andri
Published: August 2024

Blood is a body fluid whose stability can be influenced by both internal and external factors such as storage period. Storing blood specimens for a long time can cause changes in the physiological condition of blood cells such as color, size, shape and cell formation. This study aims to determine the effect of the storage period for donor blood specimens at UTD RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang on hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte morphology. The research design is an experiment using a modified Time Series design with a pre and posttest control group design. The samples in this study were CPDA-1 (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine) donor blood specimens at the Blood Transfusion Unit of RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Observation of erythrocyte cell morphology using blood smear preparations (SHD). Primary data was taken from the results of measurements of hemoglobin levels and observations of erythrocyte cell morphology with blood specimens examined directly (day 0) and storage days 1, 2, and 3. Analysis of research data used the One-way Anova statistical test. The results of the One-Way Anova test showed that there was a significant difference in hemoglobin levels on the 3rd day of donor blood storage (p-value 0.000). The results of the evaluation of erythrocyte cell morphology showed that there were abnormalities in crenation morphology on the 3rd day of storage. Blood specimens should be processed immediately after they leave the body because the condition of the blood cells is still stable and optimal for use in laboratory tests.
Relationship Between Activities Of Daily Living And Depression In Elderly
Authors: Dominica Diva Shirleen , Solihah Ii , Rianti Emy
Published: August 2024

Background. Activities of daily living are activities that are carried out routinely. Elderly who experience physical changes and decreased body function will show a lack of independence in daily activities, one of the causes of the elderly being susceptible to mental changes, namely depression. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the ability to carry out activities of daily living and depression in the elderly. Method. This research is a cross sectional research. The population of this study is the elderly who live in RW 08 Kebagusan Village with a sample of 100 people. Sampling using simple random sampling. Data analysis used the Spearman Rank test. Result. Bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rank test. Statistically, the results of basic ADL with depression in the elderly (r=0.60, p=0.000) and instrumental ADL with depression in the elderly (r=0.68, p=0.000). Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between the ability to carry out activities of daily living and depression in the elderly in RW 08 Kebagusan Village, South Jakarta City.
Tata Niaga, Nilai Ekonomi dan Kualitas Kulit Kayu Masohi di Kabupaten Fakfak Provinsi Papua Barat
Authors: Hegemur Siti Hanafiah , Sayuti Pono Wahyudi , Nugroho Bambang , Mahmud
Published: August 2024

Kulit Masohi merupakan komoditas hasil hutan bukan kayu rempah-rempah dari tumbuhan Masohi (Cryptocarya massoi (Oken) Kostem). Komoditas ini secara turun temurun diusahakan oleh masyarakat hukum adat di Kabupaten Fakfak karena warisan keluarga dan manfaat ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan tata niaga dan nilai ekonomi komoditas kulit masohi di kabupaten Fakfak, menghitung luasan kebun petani masohi secara kualitatif, mengetahui perijinan ijin kulit Masohi 2019-2023, dan menentukan kualitas kulit Masohi di kabupaten Fakfak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa petani masohi dari 13 kampung di 6 distrik memiliki total luas kebun Masohi 102,5 ha berjarak rata-rata 3.23 km dari pemukiman. Masohi ditanam sebagai tanaman sela/antara, di lahan kebun pada hutan sekunder dan primer. Bibit dari persemaian masyarakat di hutan, persemaian kelompok tani hutan, dan regenerasi alami/anakan pohon induk. Tata niaga komoditas kulit Masohi di Kabupaten Fakfak dibedakan menjadi tata niaga di lokal dan luar Fakfak dengan empat pelaku utama, yaitu petani masohi, pedagang pengumpul, pedangan besar/pembeli dan pemegang ijin IPHHBK kulit Masohi. Harga pada petani Masohi adalah Rp. 50.000 – 60.000 per kg, pedagang pengumpul Rp. 70.000 per kg dan pemegang ijin IPHHBK Rp. 120.000 per kg. Inovasi dalam bentuk produk kemasan, labelisasi dan sertifikasi produk perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah bagi petani Masohi dengan regulasi daerah. Mayoritas (53,85%) pemegang ijin IPHHBK bukan merupakan masyarakat hukum adat berdasarkan penelusuran marga dan domisili pemegang ijin. Kualitas kulit Masohi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku Jamu dan minyak atsiri, persentase serbuk minimal, tetapi memiliki kandungan air tinggi karena masih basah saat penelitian.
MEKANISME PERTAHANAN EGO TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL YANG SULIT DIMENGERTI ADALAH PEREMPUAN KARYA FITRAWAN UMAR
Authors: Aprianti Wa Ode Annisa , Burhan Faika
Published: August 2024

Novel Yang Sulit Dimengerti Adalah Perempuan menghadirkan tokoh utama yang mengalami kecemasan. Menurut psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud, sikap Renja menunjukkan mekanisme pertahanan ego. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mekanisme pertahanan ego tokoh utama dalam novel Yang Sulit Dimengerti Adalah Perempuan karya Fitrawan Umar. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Mekanisme Pertahanan Ego dari Sigmund Freud. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pustaka yang menggunakan metode penelitan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama melakukan mekanisme pertahanan ego. Renja sebagai tokoh utama kerap kali merasa cemburu, kesal bahkan marah kepada Adel yang merupakan perempuan yang disukainya karena menceritakan lelaki lain yang disukainya, sehingga ia melakukan mekanisme pertahanan ego untuk meminimalisir kecemasan yang dirasakannya. Mekanisme pertahanan ego yang dilakukan oleh Renja yaitu represi, reaksi formasi, agresi, rasionalisasi, fantasy, sublimasi, regresi, displacement, proyeksi.
 Kata kunci: Psikologi Sastra, Psikoanalisis, Freud.
Recommendations for facilitating offshore aquaculture: lessons from international experience
Authors: Carroza-Meza Carlos , Fuentes Derie , Hurtado Carlos Felipe , Palacio Felipe , Benetti Daniel
Published: August 2024

In 2017, the Chilean government through the Chilean Economic Development Agency (CORFO) (an agency under the Ministry of Economy) launched a public call for the execution of a Technological Program to adopt, adapt, and/or developing enabling technologies for the development of Ocean Aquaculture in places with high-energy (strong waves, winds and/or currents). The consortium of companies, technology centers, and universities led by Ecosea Farming (Ecosea), focused its efforts on aspects related to structural engineering, mooring systems, sensors, Internet of Things (IoT), and other integral components, as well as essential aspects of regulation and standards. On this last topic, intensive collaborative work was carried out between the technical teams of the Andrés Bello University, the Undersecretariat of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Subpesca), the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (Sernapesca), and CORFO, with the aim of gathering relevant information from international experience, and establishing the main differences between aquaculture traditionally developed in the fjords, coast, estuaries, and inland sea of southern Chile and aquaculture in the high seas – a practice not yet clearly defined and still indistinctly known as offshore or open ocean aquaculture. This document summarizes the main findings obtained and can be a useful guide for future experiences in other countries with important aquaculture developments.
Hypoxia-induced epigenetic regulation of breast cancer progression and the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Capatina Alina L. , Malcolm Jodie R. , Stenning Jack , Moore Rachael L. , Bridge Katherine S. , Brackenbury William J. , Holding Andrew N.
Published: August 2024

Graphical Abstract

Hypoxia-mediated epigenetic regulation of breast cancer progression.
Enhancing photoelectrochemical performance and stability of Ti-doped hematite photoanode via pentanuclear Co-based MOF modification
Authors: Dong Guofa , Xie Fengyan , Kou Fangxia , Chen Tingting , Xiao Caihong , Du Shaowu , Liang Jiaqi , Lou Chenfang , Zhuang Jiandong
Published: August 2024

Modifying photoanodes with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) cocatalysts has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. However, designing OER-active MOFs with both high photo- and electrochemical stability remains a challenge, limiting the advancement of this research. Herein, we present a facile method to fabricate a MOF-modified photoanode by directly loading a pentanuclear Co-based MOF (Co-MOF) onto the surface of a Ti-doped hematite photoanode (Ti:Fe2O3). The resulting Co-MOF/Ti:Fe2O3 modified photoanode exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of 1.80 mA∙cm−2 at 1.23 V, surpassing those of the Ti:Fe2O3 (1.53 mA∙cm−2) and bare Fe2O3 (0.59 mA∙cm−2) counterparts. Additionally, significant enhancements in charge injection and separation efficiencies, applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE), incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE), and donor density (Nd) were observed. Notably, a minimal photocurrent decay of only 5% over 10 h demonstrates the extraordinary stability of the Co-MOF/Ti:Fe2O3 photoanode. This work highlights the efficacy of polynuclear Co-based MOFs as OER cocatalysts in designing efficient and stable photoanodes for PEC water splitting applications.
The ISVsa3-ORF2-abh-tet(X4) circular intermediate-mediated transmission of tigecycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from duck farms
Authors: Jiang Chao , Yang Jie , Xiao Gang , Xiao Ning , Hu Jie , Yang Yi , Sun Zhiliang , Li Yujuan
Published: August 2024

Tigecycline is a last-resort drug used to treat serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. tet(X4) is a recently discovered plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance gene that confers high-level resistance to tigecycline and other tetracyclines. Since the first discovery of tet(X4) in 2019, it has spread rapidly worldwide, and as a consequence, tigecycline has become increasingly ineffective in the clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. In this study, we identified and analyzed tet(X4)-positive Escherichia coli isolates from duck farms in Hunan Province, China. In total, 976 samples were collected from nine duck farms. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to establish the phenotypes and genotypes of tet(X4)-positive isolates. In addition, the genomic characteristics and transferability of tet(X4) were determined based on bioinformatics analysis and conjugation. We accordingly detected an E. coli strain harboring tet(X4) and seven other resistance genes in duck feces. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis revealed that this isolate belonged to a new clone, and subsequent genetic analysis indicated that tet(X4) was carried in a 4608-bp circular intermediate, flanked by ISVsa3-ORF2-abh elements. Moreover, it exhibited transferability to E. coli C600 with a frequency of 10-5. The detection of tet(X4)-harboring E, coli strains on duck farms enhances our understanding of tigecycline resistance dynamics. The transferable nature of the circular intermediate of tet(X4) contributing to the spread of tigecycline resistance genes poses a substantial threat to healthcare. Consequently, vigilant monitoring and proactive measures are necessary to prevent their spread.
Health condition and socioeconomic status mediate the causal effect of reproductive traits on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: evidence from Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Qiaoyun , Wang Liming , Hao Rui , Zhang Lijiu , Wang Wenyan , Xia Lingling
Published: August 2024

Background

Observational data posits a correlation between reproductive traits and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but their causal inference is still unclear. This investigation seeks to elucidate the causal influence of reproductive traits on NAFLD and determine the intervening role of health condition and socioeconomic status in these connections.

Methods

Utilizing a Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach, this research leveraged a comprehensive dataset from the Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) database. The study incorporated body mass index, major depression, educational level, household income and Townsend deprivation index as intermediary variables. Initially, a bidirectional two-sample MR study was conducted to explore the genetic associations between reproductive traits and NAFLD. Then, two-step MR analyses were implemented to quantify the extent of mediation by these indicators. The weighted inverse variance method was the primary analytical approach, complemented by several sensitivity analyses to affirm the robustness of the MR assumptions. Finally, these findings were validated in the FinnGen research.

Results

The bidirectional MR analysis indicated that earlier reproductive traits (age at menarche, age at first sexual intercourse, and age at first birth) were associated with an elevated risk of NAFLD, absent any evidence of the reverse relationship. Body mass index accounted for 35.64% of the association between premature menarche and NAFLD. Additionally, body mass index, major depression, educational level and household income mediated 41.65%, 14.35%, 37.88%, and 18.59% of the connection between early sexual intercourse and NAFLD, respectively. Similarly, these same variables elucidated 36.36%, 15.58%, 41.56%, and 22.73% of the correlation between younger age at first birth and NAFLD.

Conclusion

Our study elucidated the causal relationships between reproductive traits and NAFLD. Potential underlying mechanisms may involve factors such as body mass index, major depression, educational attainment and household income.
Genotype and clinical phenotype characteristics of MAX germline mutation–associated pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome
Authors: Lian Bijun , Lu Jun , Fang Xudong , Zhang Yiming , Wang Wei , He Yi , Yu Hongyuan , Li Feiping , Wang Junwei , Chen Weiying , Qi Xiaoping
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic and clinical phenotypic characteristics of MAX germline mutation–associated pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the family investigation data and clinical genetic characteristics of six individuals from three independent families with PCC carrying MAX germline mutations from December 2005 to March 2024. A literature review was then conducted of the six carriers and another 103 carriers from the other 84 families with MAX germline mutations reported previously.

Results

There were 109 patients in 87 families with all five exons and 53 types of MAX germline mutations. p.R33* (c.97C>T; 21.1%), p.R75* (c.223C>T; 13.8%), and p.A67D (c.200C>A; 7.3%), which accounted for 42.2% of mutations detected, were the most common mutations. Moreover, 101 (92.7%) patients developed PCCs, including 59 bilateral PCCs and 42 unilateral PCCs, and 19 (18.8%) patients showed metastasis. The mean age at diagnosis was 32.8 ± 12.6 (13-80) years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. In 11 (10.9%) patients, the PCC was accompanied by chest or abdominal PGL, and one other patient had sole head and neck PGL. Nine (8.3%) patients also had functional pituitary adenomas, 11 (10.9%) developed other neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and 7 (6.4%) presented with concomitant non-NET. Meanwhile, MAX-p.Q82Tfs*89 and p.E158A mutations are reported for the first time in this study.

Conclusion

MAX germline mutations may cause new types of multiple endocrine neoplasia. A comprehensive baseline assessment of neural crest cell–derived diseases is recommended for all individuals with MAX germline mutations. The risk of bilateral and metastatic PCCs should also be considered.
The impact of city-county mergers on urban land green utilization efficiency: evidence from China
Authors: Zhao MengChao , Xiao Xiang , Le Yang
Published: August 2024

As an urbanization effort propelled by administrative measures, city-county merger has been particularly prevalent in the administrative district adjustments of prefecture-level cities in China. However, there has been scant research focusing on the policy’s impact on the efficiency of green utilization of urban land. We selected panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2020, employing the slack-based measure (SBM) model that accounts for undesirable outputs, in conjunction with the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) productivity index, to measure the efficiency of green land use in cities. Building on this, we utilized the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate the impact of policies expanding cities through land leasing on the green utilization efficiency of urban land. Our findings indicate that the city-county merger has generally led to a decline in the efficiency of green utilization of urban land. Further mechanism analysis suggests that local governments’ excessive focus on land leasing for economic development, leading to a low-quality development model, is a significant factor contributing to the decline in green utilization efficiency of urban land. Specifically, the city-county merger policy indirectly reduces land green utilization efficiency by increasing industrial land leasing revenue, the number of industrial polluting enterprises, lowering the rationalization level of urban industrial structure, and raising the overachievement of urban economic growth targets. Further research reveals that the policy has heterogeneous impacts on land green utilization efficiency across different regions, city sizes, administrative levels, economic development levels, and urban planning types. The policy has a more significant inhibitory effect on land green utilization efficiency in non-eastern regions, smaller cities, peripheral cities, underdeveloped cities, and resource-based cities. Our study confirms that as a significant urbanization reform initiative, the effectiveness of the city-county merger still relies on the traditional extensive growth model based on land expansion, which is not conducive to enhancing the efficiency of green land use in cities.
Silicon effects on soil phosphorus availability: results obtained depend on the method used
Authors: Uhuegbue Peter Onyisi , Stein Mathias , Kalbitz Karsten , Schaller Jörg
Published: August 2024

Phosphorus limitation occurs in many soils as a significant amount of soil P is retained in forms inaccessible to plants, such as bound to iron (Fe) minerals. Prior studies have shown that silicon (Si) can mobilize P from the binding sites of such minerals. Several P extraction methods have been developed to account for different P pools. Nevertheless, each of those methods uses different extractants and mechanisms to extract different P pools in soils. However, there is no study comparing different P extraction methods in the presence of Si fertilization. We tested the effect of Si on P mobility and determined the efficiency of water, Calcium acetate lactate (CAL), Mehlich-III, and Bray and Kurtz extraction methods for extracting P in the presence of amorphous silica (ASi) fertilization using two soils of contrasting characteristics. Significantly higher amounts of P were found at 3% ASi treatments (10 and 21 mg P kg-1) compared to the control (4 and 10 mg P kg-1) in the water extract in the high and low-yield soil, respectively just after 6 hours of extraction and increased with time. This may be explained by Si directly competing with P for sorption to Fe minerals. Using CAL extraction, Si addition showed no effect on P extractability. In contrast, the Mehlich-III and Bray extraction methods showed decreasing P extractability, especially at 3% ASi treatment (95 and 60 mg P kg-1) compared to the control (115 and 80 mg P kg-1) for the high-yield soil. The decreasing P contents in the presence of Si found in the Mehlich-III and Bray extracts may be attributed to the decrease in extraction effectiveness of the extractants to extract P while extracting Si and Fe. Our results showed that the Mehlich-III and Bray extraction methods may not be suitable for the determination of P availability in the presence of ASi fertilization since both extractants also extract Si and this may limit the completeness of P extraction. Therefore, in the presence of Si fertilizer, the water extraction method may be suitable to determine P availability and mobilization due to ASi.
Metamizole outperforms meloxicam in sepsis: insights on analgesics, survival and immunomodulation in the peritoneal contamination and infection sepsis model
Authors: Liu Na , Sonawane Mitali , Sommerfeld Oliver , Svensson Carl-Magnus , Figge Marc Thilo , Bauer Reinhard , Bischoff Sabine Juliane , Bauer Michael , Osuchowski Marcin Filip , Press Adrian Tibor
Published: August 2024

Background

Limited availability and side effects of opioids have led to an increased use of non-opioid analgesia in animal disease models. However, by affecting the immune-inflammatory reactions, analgesia may disrupt the resolution of the host inflammation and modulate the survival in septic animals. This study used a clinically relevant sepsis mouse model of peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI) to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of two non-opioid analgesics.

Methods

Adult C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with a human feces suspension and received either no analgesics (Non-A), Meloxicam, or Metamizole orally. The mice were monitored for pain and illness. Mortality was assessed at 7 days post-PCI. A separate group of mice was sacrificed 24 hours after infection. Blood, peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF), liver, and spleen were harvested for pathogen load quantification via qPCR, macrophage phenotyping, neutrophil infiltration/activation, and systemic/tissue cytokine release by flow cytometry.

Results

Meloxicam but not Metamizole reduced the mortality of septic mice by 31% on day 7 compared to the Non-A group. Both analgesics effectively alleviated pain but did not affect illness severity, body weight, and temperature. Meloxicam quadrupled the bacterial burden in the blood and PLF. In high IL-6 responders, Meloxicam treatment was associated with reduced circulating IL-10 and IL-1β compared to the Non-A septic group. In low IL-6 responders, Meloxicam increased circulating MCP-1 levels and decreased PGE2 levels compared to Non-A septic mice. Notably, Meloxicam reduced spleen neutrophil infiltration by 20% compared to two other sepsis groups.

Conclusion

Metamizole and Meloxicam effectively relieved pain and increased the animals’ basal activity in the PCI sepsis model. Meloxicam prolonged survival yet triggered maladaptive responses due to its immunosuppressive features that decreased tissue bacterial clearance during sepsis. In contrast, Metamizole constitutes a safe and effective non-opioid alternative for analgesic control in the non-surgical PCI sepsis model.
Deficiency and dysfunctional roles of natural killer T cells in patients with ARDS
Authors: Park Ki-Jeong , Kim Tae-Ok , Cho Young-Nan , Jin Hye-Mi , Jo Young-Goun , Shin Hong-Joon , Kho Bo Gun , Kee Seung-Jung , Park Yong-Wook
Published: August 2024

Objective

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents a global health challenge, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. However, the role of natural killer T (NKT) cells in human ARDS remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study explored the numerical and functional status of NKT cells in patients with ARDS, examining their clinical relevance and interactions with macrophages and fibroblasts during various stages of the syndrome.

Methods

Peripheral blood from 40 ARDS patients and 30 healthy controls was analyzed, with paired samples of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from seven ARDS patients. We measured levels of NKT cells, cytokines, CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and annexin-V using flow cytometry, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression using real-time PCR.

Results

ARDS patients exhibited decreased circulating NKT cells with elevated CD69 expression and enhanced IL-17 production. The reduction in NKT cells correlated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio, albumin, and C-reactive protein levels. Proliferative responses to α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) were impaired, and co-culturing NKT cells with monocytes or T cells from ARDS patients resulted in a reduced α-GalCer response. Increased and activated NKT cells in BALF induced proinflammatory cytokine release by macrophages and ECM protein expression in fibroblasts.

Conclusion

ARDS is associated with a numerical deficiency but functional activation of circulating NKT cells, showing impaired responses to α-GalCer and altered interactions with immune cells. The increase in NKT cells within BALF suggests their role in inducing inflammation and remodeling/fibrosis, highlighting the potential of targeting NKT cells as a therapeutic approach for ARDS.
Pathogenic mechanisms of disease in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: autoantibodies as clues
Authors: Wu Yuanhui , Luo Jiao , Duan Lihua
Published: August 2024

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) encompass a spectrum of autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle inflammation and systemic involvement. This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the clinical significance and pathogenic mechanisms underlying autoantibodies associated with IIMs. Autoantibodies targeting aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) play a pivotal role in antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), highlighting associations with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and distinctive clinical features. Anti-Mi-2 antibodies in dermatomyositis (DM) are hallmarked by characteristic cutaneous manifestations and favorable prognostic outcomes. Conversely, anti-TIF1 antibodies are correlated with DM and a higher risk of malignancies, implicating CD8+ T cells in its pathogenesis. Anti-MDA5 antibodies signify clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) with severe ILD, linked to dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNMs), anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR antibodies induce complement-mediated myopathy, typically following statin exposure. Additionally, anti-TRIM72 antibodies emerge as potential diagnostic markers in IIMs. Anti-cN1A autoantibodies are linked to inclusion body myositis (IBM) and play a decisive role in muscle protein degradation. Meanwhile, anti-FHL1 autoantibodies are associated with severe disease manifestations and muscle damage, as established in experimental models. Anti-eIF3 autoantibodies, recently identified in polymyositis (PM) patients, are rarely detected (<1%) and associated with a favorable prognosis. Elucidating these autoantibodies is anticipated to not only assist in early diagnosis and disease stratification but also inform targeted therapeutic interventions, emphasizing the intricate interplay between autoimmunity, cellular dysfunction, and clinical outcomes in IIMs.
Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors versus transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yue , Jia Luyao , Li Yu , Cui Wenhao , Wang Jukun , Zhang Chao , Bian Chunjing , Luo Tao
Published: August 2024

Background

Locoregional treatment combined with systemic therapy is expected to play a synergistic anticancer role. We conducted this systemic meta-analysis to examine the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus lenvatinib with or without programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (TLP group) compared with TACE + lenvatinib (TL group) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).

Methods

From the inception date to April 2024, the data from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials. gov were used for meta-analysis. All clinical outcomes of interest included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs). The hazard ratio (HR) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the pooled effect.

Results

This study included 10 retrospective cohort studies, including 1128 patients. The OS (HR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.43–0.60, P < 0.05), PFS (HR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.45–0.61, P < 0.05), ORR (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.37–1.83; P < 0.05) and DCR (RR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.20–1.43; P < 0.05) were significantly higher in TLP group than in the TL group. The incidence of AEs was acceptable. Prognostic factor analysis identified that ECOG PS (1/0), Child-Pugh class (B/A), BCLC stage (C/B) and main portal vein invasion (yes/no) were independent prognostic factors for OS. BCLC stage (C/B) and main portal vein invasion (yes/no) were independent prognostic factors for PFS.

Conclusion

The TLP group had better efficacy for uHCC than that of the TL group, with acceptable safety.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42023420093).
Evolutionary game analysis on technological innovation strategies of marine ranching enterprises considering government’s incentive policies and consumer preferences
Authors: Liu Haodong , Wu Qian
Published: August 2024

As a new mode of marine industry, marine ranching is gradually becoming an important means to promote the high-quality development of marine economy. Meanwhile, the technological innovation of marine ranching enterprises (MREs) can enhance the economic and ecological functions of marine ranching. This paper builds an evolutionary game model including MREs, government and consumers to analyze strategic choices. The results show that: (1) The government’s incentive policies play a key role in the initial period of MREs, while the government can gradually eliminate the policies in the mature period of MREs. (2) Government’s incentive policies consist of subsidy and tax policies. The subsidy amount should be moderate in order to avoid financial burdens, and the tax policy should be adaptation to different types of MREs. (3) Consumers’ preference significantly affects the strategy of MREs innovation. Government subsidies for consumers with different preferences can guide market demand and provide market signals for MREs. This study provides an important reference for MREs to formulate technological innovation strategy and the government to formulate relevant policies
Immune-metabolic marker of albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio based prognostic nomogram for patients following peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Ye Xiao-wen , Shao Yun-xia , Tang Ying-chun , Dong Xiong-jun , Zhu Ya-ning
Published: August 2024

Background

The nutritional status and coagulation function of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are closely associated with their prognosis. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) on mortality in PD patients and to establish a prognostic prediction model based on AFR.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from 148 PD patients treated at our hospital between Oct. 2011 and Dec. 2021. Using the “survminer” package in R, we determined the optimal cutoff value for AFR and divided the patients into low-AFR and high-AFR groups. The primary endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to assess the impact of AFR and other factors on prognosis, and a corresponding prognostic prediction model was constructed using a nomogram, which was evaluated through ROC curves, the c-index, and calibration plots.

Results

The optimal cutoff value for AFR was 9.06. In the entire cohort, 30 patients (20.2%) were classified into the low-AFR group. Compared to the high-AFR group, patients in the low-AFR group were older, had lower total urine output over 24 h, higher blood urea nitrogen, higher total protein and urinary microalbumin levels, and longer remission times (p < 0.05). They also had a poorer OS (HR: 1.824, 95%CI: 1.282–2.594, p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that AFR was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR: 1.824, 95% CI: 1.282–2.594, p < 0.05). A prognostic prediction model based on AFR, age, and cause of ESRD was successfully validated for predicting OS in PD patients.

Conclusion

AFR represents a potential prognostic biomarker for PD patients. The prognostic prediction model based on AFR can provide accurate OS predictions for PD patients, aiding clinicians in making better-informed decisions.