bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetanus Vaccination Status and Vaccine Hesitancy in Amateur Basketball Players (Italy, 2020)
Authors: Riccò Matteo , Peruzzi Simona
Published: January 2022

Basketball is among the third most popular team sport in Italy. Albeit not usually perceived as being at high risk for tetanus, the Italian legal framework (Law No. 292 of 1963; Presidential Decree 1301/1965) requires tetanus vaccination (TeV) even for amateur practice. Even though some previous reports have suggested a relatively low adherence towards vaccination practice among basketball player, corresponding knowledge, attitudes and practices towards TeV remain largely unknown. Our study specifically investigated such topics in a total of 270 amateur basketball players participating into an internet-based survey by completing a structured questionnaire. Of them, 73.0% had a proper vaccination status, but a third of respondents (33.3%) exhibited some degree of vaccine hesitancy. The average understanding of TeV and tetanus (79.8% with a potential range 0–100) as well as the risk perception for natural infection (63.9% ± 26.6) were quite good. Even though unmotivated fears towards TeV were more scarcely reported (14.0% ± 15.4), they still represented the main reasons for having missed vaccination shots (63.0%). Knowledge status and risk perception for natural infection and TeV were well correlated (R = 0.22 and R = −0.64, respectively). Appropriate TeV status was more likely in respondents not exhibiting vaccine hesitancy (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.114, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 0.059–0.225). In turn, vaccine hesitancy was more frequently reported among individuals of male gender (OR 3.148, 95%CI 1.072–9.244), while better formal education (OR 0.065, 95%CI 0.013–0.319) and working in healthcare settings (OR 0.042, 95%CI 0.007–0.265) were characterized as negative effectors. Vaccinations in athletes represent an often overlooked issue, with a considerable lack of available evidence. The results stress the opportunity for appropriate TeV screening programs among amateur athletes and the potential relevance of interventions aimed at raising the perceived significance of TeV in order to cope with a significant share of vaccine-hesitant athletes.
Impact of Routine Management Procedures on the Welfare of Suckling Piglets
Authors: Schmid Simone M. , Steinhoff-Wagner Julia
Published: January 2022

Piglets often undergo several painful treatments during the initial days of their lives. In this review, we investigate the acute (i.e., immediate), short-, and long-term implications of piglet processing on behavioral, physiological, clinical, and performance parameters, and how welfare impairments depend on performance instead of sham procedure, alternative techniques, or the age of the piglets. Welfare indicators that have been used to determine the least distressing procedures and knowledge gaps with regard to the procedures are identified and discussed. Tail docking and especially piglet castration have been the most researched topics, whereas marking for identification has been rarely addressed. Few or no studies have investigated the effects of teeth resection and tail docking on piglets of different age groups. Additionally, results are often found to be inconsistent, highlighting the need for additional research to determine the optimal age for processing. Studies comparing different processing techniques have produced contradictory results, but ear notching, teeth clipping, hot cautery tail docking, and tearing during castration have been determined to result in increased pain. Generally, a shorter procedure duration can reduce stress, with operator training having a distinct impact on piglet welfare during processing. As such, these topics should be further investigated.
Preparation of Magnetic Surface Ion-Imprinted Polymer Based on Functionalized Fe3O4 for Fast and Selective Adsorption of Cobalt Ions from Water
Authors: Zhao Zijian , Jiang Hui , Wu Lang , Yu Ning , Luo Zhengwei , Geng Wenhua
Published: January 2022

A novel cobalt ion-imprinted polymer (Co(II)-MIIP) based on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared by using Co(II) as the template ion, and bis(2-methacryloxyethyl) phosphate and glycylglycine as dual functional monomers. The fabricated material was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The adsorption experiments with Co(II)-MIIP, found that the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 33.4 mg·g−1, while that of the non-imprinted polymer (Co(II)-NIP) was found to reach 15.7 mg·g−1. The adsorption equilibriums of Co(II)-MIIP and Co(II)-NIP was established within 20 min and 30 min, respectively. The adsorption process could be suitably described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. In binary mixtures of Co(II)/Fe(II), Co(II)/Cu(II), Co(II)/Mg(II), Co(II)/Zn(II), and Co(II)/Ni(II), the relative selectivity coefficients of Co(II)-MIIP toward Co(II)-NIP were 5.25, 4.05, 6.06, 11.81, and 4.48, respectively. The regeneration experiments indicated that through six adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of Co(II)-MIIP remained nearly 90%.
Scaling Up from Leaf to Whole-Plant Level for Water Use Efficiency Estimates Based on Stomatal and Mesophyll Behaviour in Platycladus orientalis
Authors: Zhang Yonge , Liu Bing , Jia Guodong , Yu Xinxiao , Zhang Xiaoming , Yin Xiaolin , Zhao Yang , Wang Zhaoyan , Cheng Chen , Wang Yousheng , Xin Yan
Published: January 2022

Prediction of whole-plant short-term water use efficiency (WUEs,P) is essential to indicate plant performance and facilitate comparison across different temporal and spatial scales. In this study, an isotope model was scaled up from the leaf to the whole-plant level, in order to simulate the variation in WUEs,P in response to different CO2 concentrations (Ca; 400, 600, and 800 μmol·mol−1) and soil water content (SWC; 35–100% of field capacity). For WUEs,P modelling, leaf gas exchange information, plant respiration, and “unproductive” water loss were taken into account. Specifically, in shaping the expression of the WUEs,P, we emphasized the role of both stomatal (gsw) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Simulations were compared with the measured results to check the model’s applicability. The verification showed that estimates of gsw from the coupled photosynthesis (Pn,L)-gsw model accounting for the effect of soil water stress slightly outperformed the model neglecting the soil water status effect. The established coupled Pn,L-gm model also proved more effective in estimating gm than the previously proposed model. Introducing the two diffusion control functions into the whole-plant model, the developed model for WUEs,P effectively captured its response pattern to different Ca and SWC conditions. Overall, this study confirmed that the accurate estimation of WUEs,P requires an improved predictive accuracy of gsw and gm. These results have important implications for predicting how plants respond to climate change.
Geographical Preference for Installation of Solar Still Water Desalination Technologies in Iran: An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-Based Answer
Authors: Jafari Sina , Aghel Majid , Sohani Ali , Hoseinzadeh Siamak
Published: January 2022

Water shortage is one of the most crucial challenges worldwide, especially in the Middle Eastern countries, with high population and low freshwater resources. Considering this point and the increasing popularity of solar stills desalination systems, as the contribution, this study aims at finding the geographical preference for installation of those technologies in Iran, which is one of the biggest and most populated countries in the Middle East. For this purpose, from each climatic zone of Iran, one representative city is chosen, and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), as one of the most powerful tools for systematic decision-making, is applied. Annual fresh water production (AFWP) from the technical aspect, energy payback period (EPBP) from the energy perspective, and investment payback period from the economic point of view are selected as the decision criteria. Obtaining the three indicated indicators is done using artificial neural networks (ANNs) for yield and water temperature in the basin, which are developed by means of the recorded experimental data. The results indicate that hot arid cities with high received solar radiation, or the ones that have a higher water tariff compared to the others, are the preferred places for installation of solar stills. The example of the first category is Ahvaz, while Tehran is representative of the cities from the second category. AHP demonstrates that they are the first and second priorities for solar still installation, with scores of 26.9 and 22.7, respectively. Ahvaz has AWFP, EPBP, and IPP of 2706.5 L, 0.58 years, and 4.01 years; while the corresponding values for Tehran are 2115.3 L, 0.87 years, and 2.86 years. This study belongs to three classifications in the mathematical problems: 1. experimental work (code: 76–05), 2. Neural networks (code: 92B20), 3. and decision problems, (code: 20F10).
Correction: Gallagher, J.; Gill, L.W. The Life Cycle Environmental Performance of On-Site or Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems for Domestic Homes. Water 2021, 13, 2542
Authors: Gallagher John , Gill Laurence W.
Published: January 2022

In the original publication [...]
The intellectual potential of the individual: a thesaurus approach to solving the problem
Authors:   Institute of Problems of Informatics, Federal Research Center ", Kolin Konstantin Konstantinovich ,   Informatics and Management",   of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Center for Strategic Humanitarian Studies, Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: January 2022

A methodology for studying modern problems of the development of the intellectual potential of an individual in the context of the digital transformation of society is proposed. A distinctive feature of this methodology is that it is based on the information approach and the results of the theory of thesauri developed by professor V.A. Lukov. The signs of degradation of the intellectual potential of a person in modern society, caused by the formation of a new informational human environment, are shown. The ways and features of the development of the intellectual potential of an individual in the context of the digital transformation of Russia are considered. The recommendations for government bodies and the scientific and educational community of the country are given.
Culture as a social system
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage named after D.S. Likhachev, Flier Andrey Yakovlevich
Published: January 2022

The article comprehends culture as a social system. This is due to the fact that all the variety of functions of culture, in one way or another, is associated with one main system-forming factor. Culture as a special phenomenon of human existence manifests itself only when the vital activity of people takes on a group character and a systemic interaction arises between its participants. Culture is the most general manifestation of the norms of group existence of people and their social communication. However, the author shows that war, violence, crime, etc. — these are also forms of group interaction and communication and are very common. In the social sciences, attention is also paid to the "culture of violence", since it also has socially organized and normative forms. However, in this article the author turns to cultural studies, which research, first of all, constructive and normative patterns of collective interaction and communication, ensuring its positive, constructive, and not destructive results. In this case, culture is considered as a historically established people’ way of life, which provides a constructive and positive social result of their group activity.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE MICROSILICA ADDITIVE ON BINDING PROPERTIES OF ALKALINE ACTIVATION
Authors: Salamanova M.
Published: January 2022

The world experience of implementation and the uniqueness of building alkaline composites prove the prospects and relevance of the development of clinker-free technology. The development of formulations of alkaline activation binders based on fine powders of aluminosilicate nature will allow obtaining new effective and high-quality products. The paper investigates the effect of active microsilica on the kinetics of strength gain, changes in density and pore space of cement stone, formulation and technological factors and hardening conditions. The chemical transformations of active silica under alkaline conditions, leading to changes in the pH value, have been substantiated. By electron microscopy, the foundations of the formation of the structure of a cement stone on a binding bond "aspiration dust (60%) - clinker dust (40%) - microsilica - Na2SiO3" amorphous substance, calcium sulfoaluminates, calcium hydroaluminates are developed. According to authors, the research results are important for the construction industry, since the proposed formulations of clinker-free cements can replace expensive and energy-intensive Portland cement, making it possible to create strong and durable concrete and reinforced concrete structures
Evolutions de la relation homme/animal et éthique professionnelle vétérinaire
Authors: Parodi André Laurent
Published: January 2022

S'agissant de l'activité professionnelle vétérinaire, on peut distinguer : l'éthique vétérinaire administrative dont les règles sont définies réglementairement par l'administration de tutelle, l'éthique vétérinaire officielle définie, dans la plupart des pays, par les structures professionnelles ordinales et l'éthique descriptive, enfin, qui répond à des valeurs et des standards moraux laissés au libre arbitre du professionnel. C'est elle qui fera l'objet de cet exposé. Directement commandée par l'ensemble des règles considérées comme bonnes par nos sociétés, elle est, par nature, éminemment temporelle. Elle résulte, à un moment donné de notre histoire, de nos comportements, de nos agissements et de la valeur morale que nous leur accordons. S'agissant de notre pratique professionnelle, ces valeurs ont notablement évolué au cours des dernières décennies avec les modifications profondes du regard que notre société porte désormais sur l'animal, "être sensible" doué de conscience. Qu'il s'agisse de l'animal ressource alimentaire ou force de travail, de l'animal de compagnie ou de laboratoire, désormais nous ne les considérons plus de la même façon. Un cadre règlementaire régit désormais le "statut de l'animal". Parallèlement, nos compétences techniques et scientifiques ont considérablement progressé, élargissant davantage notre champ opérationnel avec, de ce fait, un libre choix interventionnel accru. L'enseignement et la recherche vétérinaires ont également intégré ces valeurs. Ce sont ces évolutions et leurs effets sur la conduite éthique de notre exercice professionnel qui seront rappelés. Mots-Clés : Société ; animaux ; bien-être animal ; médecine vétérinaire ; éthique professionnelle.
Les méthodes traditionnelles de conservation des aliments et l’enjeu historique et géopolitique de la suffisance alimentaire
Authors: Bonne Richard
Published: January 2022

Depuis toujours, assurer sa suffisance alimentaire a été un challenge crucial pour l’humanité. Bien que les ressources alimentaires soient abondantes, la difficulté fréquente pour y accéder, qui venait de leur éloignement ou de leur saisonnalité, n’a pu être surmontée que par des méthodes de conservation conférant aux aliments une composition résistant à l’altération microbienne. Des rivalités géopolitiques sont nées de la compétition pour accéder à ces ressources. Cet article expose le mécanisme de fonctionnement des méthodes traditionnelles de conservation et décrit les produits obtenus ainsi que le principal risque sanitaire généré par une alimentation dépourvue de produits frais : le scorbut. Des données historiques sont rassemblées sur quelques produits ainsi que sur les conséquences géopolitiques nées des rivalités pour accéder à ces ressources alimentaires. Sur le marché mondialisé contemporain, les méthodes et les objectifs de la conservation des aliments ont bien changé, cependant le contexte conflictuel international perdure. Mots-clefs : suffisance alimentaire, méthodes de conservation, données historiques, rivalités géopolitiques, scorbut
La médecine préventive du chien et du chat : histoire et structuration d’une discipline clinique
Authors: Freyburger Ludovic
Published: January 2022

La médecine préventive est une discipline clinique des Sciences Vétérinaire qui s’attache tout au long de la vie de l’animal, à préserver son état de bonne santé, à identifier et limiter les risques de sa dégradation, ainsi qu’à empêcher la transmission de zoonoses. Cette définition a été établie en 2016 par les enseignants de médecine préventive des quatre écoles vétérinaires françaises et répond à une nécessité de structurer une discipline clinique qui représente non seulement un des piliers historiques de la profession vétérinaire, et qui répond à une forte demande de repères fiables et rigoureux des propriétaires dans une société en constante évolution. Nouvelle approche, nouvelle méthodologie, nouveau langage, nouvelle communication, nouveau rapport avec le propriétaire de chien et de chat. Il s’agit donc d’un nouveau paradigme pour une pratique quotidienne de la médecine vétérinaire au service du maintien de la bonne relation Homme-Animal. Mots-Clés : médecine préventive, vaccination, chien, chat, consultation, enseignement, relation homme-animal
Gestion de la douleur aiguë et chronique en expérimentation animale
Authors: Verwaerde Patrick
Published: January 2022

Mots-Clés : nociception, allodynie, hyperalgésie, chronicisation, analgésie précoce, analgésie multimodale, analgésiques non conventionnels
L’apport du droit comparé à la scientificité du discours constitutionnaliste
Authors: Tap Florent
Published: January 2022

Le but de cette étude est de démontrer l’intérêt d’une approche comparative pour la scientificité du discours constitutionnaliste, en posant comme critère de scientificité la capacité du chercheur à créer son objet. Entre une approche politiste qui lui fait perdre son autonomie scientifique et une approche contentieuse le plongeant dans les affres du «juridisme » , le droit constitutionnel cherche un renouveau épistémologique. Il s’agira de démontrer que le droit comparé, entendu comme démarche théorique pure, est le meilleur moyen pour le constitutionnaliste de créer scientifiquement son objet. Dans le même temps, la démarche retenue invite au pragmatisme, le constitutionnaliste qui entreprend une étude comparative devant se livrer à une analyse réflexive critique de sa propre démarche et des limites de celle-ci.
Les dommages-intérêts punitifs dans les relations juridiques internationales - Étude comparée des droits français et allemands
Authors: Lendermann Marc
Published: January 2022

Alors que les droits civils français et allemand suivent le principe de la réparation intégrale, la jurisprudence des cours suprêmes civiles des deux pays se distingue quant à la reconnaissance et l’exécution des jugements étrangers allouant des dommagesintérêts punitifs. L’étude a pour objectif de démontrer les différences d’interprétation de l’ordre public international dans les deux pays. Elle vise à fournir des solutions aux questions posées en pratique, en analysant les différences entre les deux ordres juridiques. À l’issue de l’étude de l’état du droit, l’article plaide pour une convergence des droits français et allemand en ce qui concerne le traitement des dommages-intérêts punitifs étrangers.
La lutte contre la corruption au Cameroun : un effort inachevé
Authors: Mgba Ndjie Marc Stéphane José
Published: January 2022

Les obstacles qui entravent la lutte contre la corruption en général, au sens des Conventions internationales constituent des blocages qui minent l’État de droit. Il existe donc des carences juridiques avérées, doublées d’une volonté politique peu appréciée de la part des citoyens. La preuve de la commission des actes de corruption n’est pas évidente à rapporter, la non consécration de l’infraction d’enrichissement illicite freine la politique publique et criminelle de lutte contre la corruption. La déclaration des biens prévue dans la Constitution et secondée par une loi n’est pas effective, cela nous permet de saisir que la hiérarchie des normes a un revers, celui de la non application d’un texte supérieur à cause d’un texte inférieur. Les gouvernants résistent souvent à se conformer aux prescriptions conventionnelles, ce qui se manifeste par des ratifications inexistantes ou lentes, avec un suivi approximatif des mesures dans l’ordre interne. Les citoyens se méfient des juridictions, ce qui se manifeste par le nombre de restitution peu enthousiaste du corps du délit devant les juridictions répressives.
L’étendue des restitutions en droit français et allemand. Exemples pratiques, en cas de détérioration, dégradation ou disparition de la chose à restituer
Authors: Heinzmann Lisa
Published: January 2022

L’ordonnance du 10 février 2016 a permis l’intégration en droit commun des obligations de dix nouveaux articles dans le Code civil français, relatifs aux restitutions. La place autonome accordée aux restitutions en droit français peut néanmoins paraître étonnante puisqu’elle est détachée à la fois des questions de nullité et des questions de répétition de l’indu. Une comparaison avec le droit allemand permet de discuter et de mieux cerner la nature des restitutions, dans une partie introductive. Après avoir rappelé sur le plan de la théorie juridique, l’objet et la typologie des restitutions dans une première partie de l’étude, une attention particulière sera accordée aux solutions pratiques adoptées en Allemagne et en France dans une deuxième partie, concernant notamment l’étendue des restitutions à la suite de la détérioration, de la dégradation ou de la disparition de la chose à restituer.
Propriété et introduction de la finance islamique en droit civil
Authors: Hajjar Mohyedine
Published: January 2022

Les tentatives d’introduction de la finance islamique dans les pays civilistes se heurtent à une prétendue incompatibilité entre la théorie de la propriété en droit musulman et celle en droit civil. La confrontation du trio de la propriété en droit civil (usus, fructus et abusus) au duo de la propriété en droit musulman (nue-propriété et usufruit) pose la question de la possibilité d’une compatibilité entre les théories de la propriété adoptées dans ces deux systèmes juridiques. Cela nécessite une analyse profonde du droit de propriété en droit musulman afin de déceler sa nature et ses éléments constitutifs. Ce droit admet quatre classifications parmi lesquelles figure la fameuse classification en nuepropriété et usufruit mais cette dernière n’en présente pas les éléments constitutifs. Notre solution consiste à exploiter à la fois les définitions de la propriété et les pouvoirs qu’elle accorde afin de dévoiler ses éléments constitutifs en droit musulman, comparables à ceux de la propriété en droit civil. Ainsi, l’admission de la théorie civiliste de la propriété par le droit musulman et l’admission de la théorie islamique de la propriété par le droit civil s’établissent.
Les régimes politiques africains et la nécessité de l’aggiornamento des critères de classification
Authors: Kazadi Mpiana Joseph
Published: January 2022

Depuis quelques années, les constitutionnalistes et politistes africains réfléchissent sur la nature des régimes politiques africains. Ces réflexions convergent en mettant en relief l’hypertrophie du pouvoir présidentiel face à d’autres pouvoirs. Elles aboutissent à la configuration du présidentialisme «aux couleurs du renouveau démocratique africain » , lequel se démarque du présidentialisme en tant que déviation ou dénaturation du régime présidentiel expérimenté en Afrique et en Amérique latine entre les années 1960-1990. Ces cogitations invitent à un dépassement des critères traditionnels de classification des régimes politiques ayant montré leurs limites et qui ne correspondent plus à une réalité marquée par différents facteurs tels que la tendance à la globalisation du droit constitutionnel, à l’internationalisation des Constitutions, aux fonctions de régulation de la vie politique exercées par les juridictions constitutionnelles, aux échanges d’expériences entre théoriciens, analystes et praticiens de la Constitution. Cette contribution invite à porter un nouveau regard sur les régimes politiques en Afrique dans une approche s’écartant du mimétisme.
La Constitution de Saint-Marin : actualité des institutions de la plus vieille république
Authors: Matutano Edwin
Published: January 2022

The institutional organisation and functionning of San Marino hold valuable lessons for the comparativist. In addition to the difficulties in outlining the contours of what could be qualified as «Constitution » of this small Republic, the identification of the instituted public authorities reveals a juxtaposition of traditional bodies which has, by far, preceded the advent of parlamentarism in San Marino, and instances and procedures addressing more recent concerns. Consequently, the function and the purpose of the numerous institutions that have lasted throughout the ages have been transformed. By doing so, these institutions, established to represent the population of a «City-State » according to a municipal model common in Northern Italy during the Middle Âge, have become parts of an original parliamentary system as they include elements more related to a directorial regime.
Arbitration Agreement in Insurance Law: The Case of Iran
Authors: Mohebbi Mohsen , Izanloo Mohsen
Published: January 2022

After a brief review of insurance and arbitration in the Sharia and in Iranian laws, inspired in principle by western laws, the article examines the types of the arbitration clause in insurance contracts, the problem of validity of arbitration clause and the its effects between the parties and as regards the third parties, with some comparative views. Although Iranian laws have recognized arbitration clauses in insurance policies and Iranian courts usually uphold such clauses, the article makes a distinction between predispute and post-dispute arbitration clauses. As insurance disputes most often relate to the interests of third parties (third party beneficiary, third party victim, third party insured,…) and as Iranian courts are very reluctant to extent the effect of arbitration clause to third parties or to consider it as assigned to subrogees and transferees, a bilateral arbitration clause in an insurance policy, which in many cases drafted in an ambiguous way and imposed to policyholder by unilateral will of the insurer inserted in general conditions, usually circulates a claim between courts and arbitral tribunals and risks to negatively affects the resolution of disputes. On the contrary, a post-dispute multilateral arbitration agreement, protects well enough the interests of the contracting parties (policyholder and insurer) and non-contracting parties and must be encouraged.
La réforme du droit français du contrat : innovations et aspects comparatifs avec le droit québécois
Authors: Fokou Eric
Published: January 2022

Plus de deux siècles après leur adoption (1804-2018), les dispositions jugées vétustes du Code civil français portant sur le droit commun du contrat ont enfin été reformées, au nom de la doctrine de l’attractivité et de l’efficacité économique, dans un contexte politique d’européanisation du droit des contrats et de concurrence accrue du droit anglais en matière de commerce international. D’un regard panoramique, la présente analyse, dans une perspective comparative avec le droit civil québécois, livre un aperçu en profondeur des principales innovations enregistrées dans le nouveau droit français du contrat à la fois de rupture et de continuité. Il en ressort que le législateur français a privilégié une codification à droit constant, par consécration des positions de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine antérieures, avec cependant quelques mutations majeures telles que la suppression de la cause et l’admission de la révision du contrat pour imprévision.
Il concetto di vis tra diritto privato e repressione criminale
Authors: Reduzzi Francesca
Published: January 2022

Si pongono in rilievo le diverse accezioni del termine vis, il suo significato nell’ambito del diritto privato romano e in quello pubblico, l’evoluzione del concetto stesso di violenza a partire dall’età repubblicana passando per l’epoca del principato fino alle considerazioni di Isidoro di Siviglia.
Pervivencias y resistencias paganas en los reinos anglosajones. Los alcances de la cristianización, siglos VI al VIII.
Authors: Veraldi Patricia Beatriz
Published: January 2022

La cristianización de los reinos anglosajones fue un proceso complejo, con avances y retrocesos. Durante el mismo, la Iglesia se vio obligada a elaborar diferentes estrategias para convertir a las elites y al campesinado dependiente vinculando elementos, sitios sagrados y prácticas paganas con las cristianas, lo que favoreció la reelaboración simbólica de las primeras. En este artículo pretendemos analizar las múltiples maneras en las que el paganismo anglosajón resistió y pervivió a través de las representaciones artísticas, los ritos, las tradiciones, los objetos y los textos hagiográficos, estos últimos elaborados para difundir el culto a los santos y atraer tanto donaciones como adeptos a las diferentes casas monacales que iban poblando aquel paisaje.
Association of PM
2.5
Reduction with Improved Kidney Function: A Nationwide Quasiexperiment among Chinese Adults
Authors: Han Yiqun , Xue Tao , Kelly Frank J. , Zheng Yixuan , Yao Yao , Li Jiajianghui , Li Jiwei , Fan Chun , Li Pengfei , Zhu Tong
Published: January 2022

Background
. Increasing evidence from human studies has revealed the adverse impact of ambient fine particles (PM
2.5
) on health outcomes related to metabolic disorders and distant organs. Whether exposure to ambient PM
2.5
leads to kidney impairment remains unclear. The rapid air quality improvement driven by the clean air actions in China since 2013 provides an opportunity for a quasiexperiment to investigate the beneficial effect of PM
2.5
reduction on kidney function.
Methods
. Based on two repeated nationwide surveys of the same population of 5115 adults in 2011 and 2015, we conducted a difference-in-difference study. Variations in long-term exposure to ambient PM
2.5
were associated with changes in kidney function biomarkers, including estimated glomerular filtration rate by serum creatinine (GFR
scr
) or cystatin C (GFR
cys
), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA).
Results
. For a 10 
μ
g/m
3
reduction in PM
2.5
, a significant improvement was observed for multiple kidney functional biomarkers, including GFR
scr
, BUN and UA, with a change of 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.78) mL/min/1.73m
2
, -0.38 (-0.64, -0.12) mg/dL, and -0.06 (-0.12, -0.00) mg/dL, respectively. A lower socioeconomic status, indicated by rural residence or low educational level, enhanced the adverse effect of PM
2.5
on kidney function.
Conclusions
. These results support a significant nephrotoxicity of PM
2.5
based on multiple serum biomarkers and indicate a beneficial effect of improved air quality on kidney function.
Analisis Perbedaan Tekanan Suara di Mikrofon Internal dengan Mikrofon Eksternal pada Aplikasi Soundmeter berbasis Ponsel
Authors: Catur Bhakti Muhammad Agni , Wandy Wandy
Published: January 2022

Mobile phones and tablets installed with a soundmeter application can be used as an alternative for recording noise pollution to support Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). Mobile and tablet applications that have been calibrated with a soundmeter has the ability to record sound pressure which could be a solution for data recording. An external microphone can be attached to mobile phones and tablets to improve the quality of recorded data from sound sources. This research aims to analyze and determine the differences between the sound captured by internal and external microphones, and then compared them with results from a soundmeter device. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with primary data being analyzed descriptively. It was concluded from this research that there were significant increments in sound pressure using external microphones compared to internal microphones, with increment average using external microphone of 6.11 dBA on mobile phone, and 8.09 dbA on tablet.
Time Dilation and Special Relativity
Authors: Garg Svanik
Published: January 2022

The presentation and defination of Time as a concept in the Theory Special Theory of Relativity is remarkably difference to that of Time in the Theory of Classical Mechanics. In Special Relativity, Time is considered as the fourth dimension in the fabric of space-time.However, the presentation of time as such, can be argued upon, as time can be defined as a method of defining events relative to one another. This paper provides an insight into Time Dilation details of its occurrence, and the controversial representation of time.
Satisfaction of Goods and Services among Small and Medium Traders in and Around Pollachi Taluk
Authors: Deepa M
Published: January 2022

Goods and Services Tax was introduced on 1st July 2017, and it plays an important role in the present business scenario. It replaces all indirect tax like Sales tax and Value-added Tax (VAT) etc.; after the implementation of GST, it is witnessed that several positive changes have been taken in the fiscal domain of India. GST is making sure that “One Nation, One Tax, One Market” becomes the reality of our country. The objective of the study is To identify the benefits enjoyed by the Small and Medium Traders. To determine the level of satisfaction with the GST. There are 146 respondents taken for this study by applying the convenience sampling method. The study was conducted in Pollachi taluk. The statistical tools were used in this study are Simple percentages, chi-square test and Friedman rank test. The findings of the study are Majority 106 (72.6%) of the respondents are lying under the age group of 25-35 years. The majority 120 (82.20%) respondents are male, majority 66 (45.2%) of the respondents are Under Graduates, majority 73(50%) of the respondents family are having three to five members, majority 79 (54.1%) of respondents are comes under nuclear family, and majority 132 (90.4%) respondents are doing manufacturing type of business.Suggestions of the study are: it is suggested that give prior intimation about the late fee collection. The taxpayers suggested that the provisions for collecting late fees need to be relaxed. GST statement return on the frequency filing should be reduced to a Single Return per Quarter. To create more awareness about Reverse Charge Mechanism. The government gives more training to the GST taxpayers for their betterment in their activities. It is concluded that GST has a simplified tax compliance system and have a positive influence on the overall industry by creating a single unified market. For small scale medium traders and startups, GST has benefited by increasing the threshold limit, decreasing the cost of logistics and tax payment simplification.
Covid-19: Transformation of Edtech in India from Real to Virtual: An Analysis of Issues and Challenges by University Students in Tamilnadu
Authors: Arumugam U , Manida M
Published: January 2022

Edtech refers to innovative technical implementations in the classroom teaching management. In-classroom tablets, interactive outcrop screens and whiteboards, online fulfilled delivery, and MOOCs are all examples of EdTech. However, the existing crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the intact planet to confide on it for learning. To estimate the university student’s perceptions, evaluate their experiences, recognize their barriers, challenges of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and examine factors influencing the getting and use of e-learning as a tool teaching within higher education. Data was collected using a Google form questionnaire among Students of University in Chennai. Researcher prepared the Percentage Analysis, Mean Analysis, Chi-square Analysis, This study highlights the challenges and factors influencing the acceptance, and use of e-learning as a tool for teaching within higher education.
Trends and Prospects of India’s Trade with Japan: A Study for the Period 2002-2019
Authors: Mathur Vibha , Doley Shankar Jyoti
Published: January 2022

With the fast-growing economics and political synergies between India and Japan, the opportunities for both nations in terms of businesses and commerce are bound to contribute meaningfully in shaping Indo-Japan’s international business story. Since India has opted out of RCEP, engagement with Japan became more important to remain relevant in the international business scenario. The development of a relationship with Japan is also aligned with India’s Act East Policy objectives. This paper is intended to examine the trade trends, intensities and complementarities between India and Japan. For this purpose, different indices have been calculated using secondary data collected from a database maintained by international institutions. The indices and the trends calculated reveals the trade intensity and complementarities between the two nation. As indicated by the trade complementarity index, more economic engagements by India-Japan will not only accelerate India’s growth trajectory but also increase economic gains for enterprises of Japan.
Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy use between Field-Dependent and Field-independent EFL Learners
Authors: M,G. Alireza Navid
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article was to examine the metacognitive awareness of reading methods used by field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) Turkish EFL university students learning English as a foreign language. 270 students from Istanbul’s (Cerrahpasa) University were picked for this purpose. To begin, the Group Embedded Figure Test was used to assign individuals to one of two groups, FD or FI. Following that, we assessed participants’ metacognitive awareness of their reading technique using the MARSI-R. (Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory-Revised). Mokhtari et al. recently redesigned the MARSI-R instrument, which has 15 items and assesses three broad categories of reading strategies: global reading strategies (GRS), problem-solving strategies (PSS), and support reading strategies (SRS). The findings indicated that students used all three techniques on a near-daily basis and were aware of their metacognitive methods. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the use of GRS and SRS was discovered between FI and FD students; hence, the usage of students’ metacognitive reading techniques was influenced by their distinct FI/FD cognitive styles.
Examining the Influence of the Demographic Variables on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Levels among Bank Employees in Madurai District
Authors: Thevi M. Abarna , Priya D. Jeba
Published: January 2022

The study concentrates on the influence of the demographic variables on Organizational Citizenship Behavior levels among bank employees. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is defined as the voluntary commitment exhibited by the employees within an organization. OCB allows employees to maintain continuous interaction with the existing and prospective customers, especially in branch banking. To increase productivity, efficiency, and customer satisfaction and reduce turnover rates and absenteeism, the organization should motivate and encourage the employees to exhibit OCB. Also, voluntary behaviour will result in the success of the organization. The study is focused on the effects of five dimensions of OCB as Altruism, Courtesy, Conscientiousness, Civic Virtue and Sportsmanship. The researcher uses a descriptive research design and a simple random sampling method with a sample size of 100 respondents. The main aim of the study is to examine the influence of the demographic variables on OCB levels among bank employees in the Madurai district.
Accumulation of Heavy Metal in Water and Certain Freshwater Fishes of Bellandur Lake, Karnataka
Authors: Muniraju S. , Delvi M. R.
Published: January 2022

Human activity has continuously concerned the natural environment, particularly the aquatic ecosystems. The use of heavy metals in the industry has led to general environmental contamination. Some of these compounds are the object of study because of their toxicity and ubiquity. Moreover, they are known to remain stable in the aquatic environment. Trace metals are regarded as serious pollutants of the aquatic environment because of their toxicity, persistence, non-biodegradability and tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms. A chemical can build up to a potentially harmful level in animal tissues as its bioaccumulation need not elicit a biological response. In the present investigation, toxicology about aquatic animals has become a key subject in water pollution studies. Accumulation of the heavy metals like Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cu in the gut-free body, liver and gills of three species of the fish, Notopterus monopteros, Oreochromis mossambicus and Mystus vittatus, inhabiting the Bellandur lake, Bangalore was observed. The results showed that these metals were common throughout the study area, but the metal concentrations in the water samples were below the detection levels (BDL). Accumulation of Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cu was determined in fish tissues (whole fish, liver and gill) and it was found to have reached a biologically magnified level in fish tissues. Interestingly, the metal concentration levels in fish tissue samples were elevated than those of water.
Sensitivity of Melt Pool Dimensions and Keyhole to Laser Beam Diameter
Authors: Hassine N. , Chatti S. , Ben Slama M. , Kolsi L.
Published: January 2022

The laser powder bed fusion process has witnessed a huge interest in recent years since it has the potential to produce challenging shapes in a broad range of applications. The process parameters have a considerable effect on melt pool size and on the development of defect porosity. This paper predicts numerically the effect of a large range of laser beam diameters on melt pool dimensions and on the occurrence of porosity defects such as keyhole. A series of single beads of Inconel IN625 was made using various combinations of beam diameters, scan speeds, and laser powers. The use of a large diameter was more suitable rather than a small diameter as it ensures a large and shallow heat affected zone, thus decreasing the development of the keyhole defect. Our numerical results correlate satisfactorily with experimental finding from literature.
Dilution in Laser Cladding with Ni-Based Powders
Authors: Cuculea D. C. , Ardelean G. L. , Stanciu E. M. , Roata I. C. , Pascu A.
Published: January 2022

This study addresses to the laser cladding of nickel-based powders on stainless steel substrate. A TRUMPH pulsed laser and a coaxial cladding module are used to fabricate single tracks on AISI 304 substrate. The influence of the laser power on the geometric characteristics and microstructure of the cladded layer is investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Dilution is determined using the melt depth of the cladded tracks and validated using the local chemical microanalysis. The results showed that laser power have a major influence on the dilution and melted area of the laser cladded tracks.
Elitele medievale româneşti la ele acasă. Locuinţa nobiliară în secolele XIV-XVI/Romanian Elites at Home. The Nobiliary Dwelling House, 14th-16th Centuries
Authors: APETREI Cristian Nicolae
Published: January 2022

Using the statistical method, this paper identifies a type of medieval dwellings common to the social elites (princes, boyars, high clergy, and urban patricians) in the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia during the 14th to the 16th centuries. Built of wood, masonry or in a mixed system, the house combines a cellar partially raised above the ground level and a high ground floor, resulting in a structure with a tower-like appearance. Its origins can be traced back to medieval Hungary, whence it was brought and imposed by the Romanian and German elites who emigrated to Wallachia and Moldavia during the 14th century. The author considers that its adoption by the Romanian medieval elites resulted as a compromise between the elites’ need to assert their social prestige, the relatively low construction costs of this type of dwellings and the practical needs of everyday life.
The Urban General Planning of Izmail in the Second Half of the 1940’S – 1960’s
Authors: DROZDOV Viktor
Published: January 2022

The research is based on the analysis of general plans and archival documents on the urban development of Izmail. The processes of planning, building and reconstruction of the urban space in the post-war period have been investigated. The author considers urban planning documents as an important historical source that contains, in addition to graphic materials, detailed information on geography, history, industrial development, sociocultural activities and population composition of Izmail. It was found that the urban boundaries of Izmail significantly increased during the urbanization period. The author highlights the characteristic features of the urban planning by the Soviet authorities, housing construction and the development of infrastructure. At the same time, special attention is paid to the characterization of changes in the urban public and symbolic space, which were caused by the processes of Sovietization. Using the sources from the Izmail Archive, the author analyzes the results of implementation of general plans for the urban development, characterizes the issues of individual housing construction, names of streets and urban beautification. The materials of the article help to understand the characteristic features of urban construction in the Soviet Union border areas, which were annexed after the World War II, as well as the local features of the housing program in the 1960s.
Cultural Diplomacy in the 21st Century in the European Context
Authors: MAFTEI Jana , POPA Anișoara
Published: January 2022

The fundamental role of culture in the development of international relations is undeniable, cultural diplomacy being an important component of public diplomacy. In this article we aim to analyse the influence of cultural diplomacy on the foreign policy of states in the general context of a constantly changing world. We will highlight the importance that the European Union attaches to the valorisation of the cultural diversity, the intercultural dialogue, the remarkable potential of culture for its foreign relations and we will explore the main trends in the development of cultural diplomacy. For the development of the paper, we used as research methods the analysis of the problems generated by the mentioned subject, with reference to the doctrinal points of view expressed in treatises and specialized works, documentary research, interpretation of legal norms in the field.