bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic evaluation of the breeding strategy effectiveness for horses of the New Altai breed
Authors: Dubrovin Alexander
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study was to study the dynamics of the main selected traits in horses of the New Altai breed and the genetic characteristics of the breed. In this paper, the indicators of the main measurements of the body and live weight of horses, depending on gender and region of birth, are analyzed. The main genetic and population parameters of the breed were calculated based on microsatellite DNA loci: the total number of alleles at 17 loci (Na), the average number of alleles per locus (Nv), the level of polymorphism (Ae), observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, coefficients of intrapopulation inbreeding (Fis), genetic similarity (RXY) and genetic distances (DXY). It has been established that the horses of the New Altai breed are characterized by a relatively high level of polymorphism and genetic diversity, both in the breed as a whole and in the context of breeding regions. The high genetic similarity of the New Altai breed with the Russian Heavy Draft and Altai breeds has been revealed. The study of the genetic structure of the breed, the levels of its intra- and inter-population diversity in combination with classical zootechnical assessment methods showed the consistency of the chosen cultivation strategy of the New Altai breed.
Hydrochemical dynamics of waters of the Isakovsky reservoir
Authors: Bakumenko Yu.S. , Larina E.G. , Rosenthal O.M.
Published: May 2024

The closeness of correlations between variable, random in nature, concentrations of substances that pollute the water of the Isakovsky reservoir is analyzed. It is shown that after seasonal adjustment of the data, the correlation is very strong (the absolute value of the Pearson correlation coefficient k is not less than 90%) in more than 50% of cases and very weak (k is not more than 0.2) in less than 10%. The difference between this result and that obtained using Spearman’s rank correlation does not exceed ±15%. An assumption has been made about the nature of the strong interdependence of the studied indicators due to the joint participation of substances in the physical and chemical processes of their circulation in water. In this case, the concentrations increase or decrease simultaneously for positive values of k or change in opposite phases for negative k. Taking into account the discovered relationships allows us to expand our understanding of the circulation of substances both among themselves and between aquatic organisms and bottom sediments when solving problems of water quality regulation.
A model for improving the efficiency of forest industry enterprises in the context of rational environmental management
Authors: Medvedev Sergey , Yakusheva Maria , Dudin Pavel
Published: May 2024

The development of the forest industry is one of the important goals of state policy. The purpose of the work was to study certain aspects of the efficiency of Russian forest industry enterprises in the context of rational environmental management and to develop a graphical model for its improvement. The main research methods are analytical, modeling, and statistical data processing. As a result, information was obtained on the current level of efficiency of production of forest industry key products by regions of the country. The development of the model was based on the general hypothesis of the study, that expanding the depth of wood biomass processing while reducing the negative impact on the environment leads to increased efficiency and sustainable development of enterprises in the forest industry. The proposed model demonstrates certain aspects of the interaction of forest industry enterprises with the environment. The most important elements of this model are waste-free production and the deep processing production, based, among other things, on the use of waste from the main production. To increase the efficiency of forest industry enterprises, it is extremely important to develop and implement environmental management measures.
Seaweed as a functional ingredient and emulsifier in dairy processing
Authors: Rifky Mohamed , Abdusalomova Dildora , Dissanayake Kasun , Zokirov Kurbonalijon , Harris Jalaldeen Mohamed , Jesfar Mohamed , Esonboyev Faxriyor , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: May 2024

In response to customer demand for a balanced and healthful diet, there is a growing trend in manufacturing innovative dairy products enhanced with plant ingredients with particular pharmacological qualities. Yoghurt is a dairy product that is becoming increasingly popular among consumers since it is a great way to absorb functional food elements like probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants. It’s critical to increase public awareness of the health hazards associated with yoghurt use in addition to adding affordable, nutrient-dense functional additives to Yoghurt. Due to their high nutritional content and potential health benefits, algae have long been utilized as a food source. However, rising interest is in using them as enrichment components in manufacturing new foods. Consequently, this paper draws attention to the potential of Seaweed in manufacturing yoghurt, as shown in current scientific literature. However, more research needs to be done on adding seaweed components to Yoghurt, which is considered safe for human ingestion and has undergone clinical testing. We hope this study will raise awareness about the need for more research to address the growing demand for Yoghurt.
The effectiveness of technologies with autumn tillage
Authors: Gilev S.D. , Pritchin A.N. , Volynkina O.V.
Published: May 2024

The article shows the yield of spring soft wheat in 16 different technologies, differing in its place in the crop rotation, the type of basic tillage and the use of nitrogen fertilizer. When plowing with the removal of sowing from fallow, the yield decreased from 2,24 t/ha by 1,4-1,5 times – to 1,63 and 1,52 t/ha, and with permanent cultivation, grain harvest in relation to wheat by fallow decreased by 1,6 times to 1,38 t/ha. On a fertilized background, on the 2nd and 3rd wheat, the decrease occurred by 1,2-1,4 times: from 2,33 t/ha per fallow to 1,86 and 1,88 t/ha. The permanent crop provided grain harvest in t/ha of 1,38 in the control and 1,60 against the background of N40. During surface autumn tillage, the place of wheat in the crop rotation was also of great importance, since the yield without fertilizer decreased from 1,89 t/ha for a couple to 1,42-1,22 in the following fields and to 1,16 t/ha for permanent cultivation. When applying fertilizer, the yield dropped from 2,13 t/ha per fallow to 1,60-1,73 in the following crops and to 1,45 in permanently grown wheat. The preservation of the number of productive stems at the level of 362 pieces per 1 m2 contributed to the formation of a high yield of wheat by fallow during plowing. The number of grains in the ear was of great importance, which equaled 18,7-19,5 pieces in fallow with 13-17 in other technologies.
Development of innovative potential of agriculture in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Semenov S.R. , Semenov N.S.
Published: May 2024

Agriculture has a huge impact on the economic indicators of development of the Kyrgyz Republic, but faces several difficulties, the most serious of which are population growth, land degradation, poor financing of the industry, which significantly affects the insufficient volume of products produced and affects the development of the regions. The work examines the possibilities of implementing agrarian-economic policy on a scientific basis, examines indicators and current development tasks in theoretical and practical aspects, in areas such as the creation of innovative competitive industries. The main research method used was data from official statistical information of the Kyrgyz Republic on economic indicators, the direction of exports by type of agricultural products. The criteria for the production specialization of the southern regions are highlighted; it is clear that the economic potential of the regions is far from being fully used and has prospects for innovative development. The study used methods of economic-statistical and legal analysis, the theory of the regional economic system, and gave the level and structural analysis of the development of territories. As a further improvement of the agrarian and economic development of the regions and based on the results of the study, some problematic fragments of regional policy were identified and directions for improving agricultural development were recommended.
Prospects for the use of prolonged stress protection in the spring wheat cultivation
Authors: Stupin A.S. , Levin V.I.
Published: May 2024

An algorithm of prolonged stress protection of seeds and plants of two zoned spring wheat varieties has been developed and justified, including the selection for sowing purposes of batches of seeds with the highest adaptive resistance potential to the effects of an inhibitory phytohormone-ethylene, their subsequent post-harvest storage in containers filled with calibrated and purified seed grain as much as possible, isolating it from air exchange with atmospheric oxygen before sowing, which provides hypoxia conditions, as a result of which the development of oxidative stress and the synthesis of oxygen-dependent ethylene by microtraumatic grains is blocked. Seeds before sowing and plants at the IV-V stages of organogenesis are treated with multifunctional stress-protective growth regulators. The interaction of a set of methods for selecting stress-resistant seeds, their anti-stress storage, stress protection of plants in the most vulnerable to damaging effects phases of growth and development - seed germination, and when potential productivity is determined - differentiation and formation of rudimentary reproductive organs of the ear, allowed to stabilize, environmentally safe production process and increase grain yield by 11.1-12.6%, with with minimal energy and material costs.
Digital and engineering solutions for the intensive development of regional agricultural producers
Authors: Medvedeva L.B. , Letyago Y.A.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the structure of agricultural production in the Tyumen region; the authors note that agrarians in the south of the Tyumen region have to work in a zone of risky farming, sharp fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. In such conditions, farmers specializing in the production of crop products have to use intensive, resource-saving and modern industrial technological solutions in the production process to increase labor productivity and output per unit of land area. The authors noted the practical implementation of digital solutions used in large agricultural enterprises. There has been a trend of active development in the region of the production area for growing fruit crops, restoring nurseries and fruit trees. In this regard, the authors propose to introduce an installation for watering and fertilizing fruit trees, which is a very relevant technological solution for farmers; calculations of the financial model of this installation are presented, which presents the main economic indicators from its implementation.
Digital potential of the Russian agro-Industrial complex based on the results of technological innovations
Authors: Moroz Oksana , Medvedsky Dmitriy
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the current state of innovation activity and the fundamental features of technological development in the agricultural sector of the economy, identifies barriers and prerequisites for the transition to digital transformation, and demonstrates the results of the introduction of domestic technological innovations. In the context of modern realities, innovations are becoming a fundamental component of the development of the national economy. The process of digitalization for the agro-industrial complex is due to the urgent need to increase the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning through radical transformations of managerial efficiency by technological processes and decision-making processes at all levels of the hierarchical ladder, based on innovative approaches to production and the subsequent application of information data on the state of controlled elements and subsystems and forecasting their potential adjustments, as well as economic conditions in the agricultural sector. The practice of a global scale and the experience of authoritative domestic agricultural producers illustrate that the use of modern technological solutions contributes to ensuring optimal soil, agrotechnical and organizational and territorial conditions, which make it possible throughout the full life cycle of agricultural products to contribute to an increase in yield and labor productivity, reduce material costs for fuels and lubricants (F&L), electricity, plant protection products (PPP), wages and other types of expenses, maintaining soil fertility and preserving the environment. Increasing and stimulating innovative and technological activity in the agro-industrial complex will also increase production volumes, increase the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, eliminate the problem of import substitution and increase the level of profitability of agricultural enterprises.
Device for cleaning irrigation trays
Authors: Usmоnov T.U. , Karimov M.S. , Usmanov N.K. , Saidova M.
Published: May 2024

In the following years, due to the sudden change of weather conditions from year to year, global warming, the need for water and its careful conservation, and informing everyone that water is not free, is becoming one of the important daily tasks. Especially in our country, solving these issues is the most important and responsible, which is reflected in a number of programs and decisions adopted in our country. This includes transferring existing inter-farm and intra-farm irrigation systems to a closed system as much as possible, using new innovative technologies, increasing the efficiency of irrigation systems in necessary areas, covering canals and ditches with the ecessary coatings, addition, measures for the implementation of cleaning works on the ground and cover irrigation systems, respectively, are being carried out on a regular basis, and the control work will be at a higher level. The article describes the conclusions on rational use of irrigation systems, increasing their efficiency, applying economical irrigation technologies, improving management and raising the technology of cleaning orks to a higher level, as well as the parameters of the proposed cleaning device.
Agriculture in the Polar Regions: New Approaches to Historical Challenges
Authors: Yakovenko Dmitry A. , Arkhipov Stanislav
Published: May 2024

The implementation of the Northern Sea Route Development Programme aims to increase the permanent population of the Arctic zone of Russia. This problem cannot be solved without a corresponding enhancement of the food supply of the Arctic. The importance of the study is conditioned by the need to modernize the system of food supply of the Arctic territories in the context of external threats. The article examines approaches to developing agriculture and solving the problem of food security in the Arctic regions of Russia. The authors consider the possibilities of the permanent population of the Arctic to produce enough food for their own consumption and the influence of preferential regimes on the development of agriculture and the solution of food security. The authors have analyzed the current regulatory acts and the results of their implementation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, based on which an assessment of the state policy’s performance in modern conditions is given, together with the authors’ recommendations for addressing the abovementioned task.
Responsible investments in hop farming: Foreign and domestic experience
Authors: Afanaseva O. , Makushev A.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the current trends in the investment activity of hop farming in the main hop-producing countries. The structure of investments in fixed assets of the industry in large specialized farms in the USA (Washington State University methodology), in small farms in the USA (joint methodology of the University of Michigan and Vermont), in average farms in Europe (SIMAHOP methodology of the Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing) and in farms of the Chuvash Republic — the main hop-producing region of Russia (model CCU of the Czech Republic “Agro-Innovations”). According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the hop growers bear the greatest investment costs at the initial stage — during the construction of the hop frames and the laying of hops. Capital investments at this point account for 50-60% of all long-term investments. On average, 15% to 19% of investments are invested in the purchase of specialized machinery and equipment. From 20% to 30% is occupied by investment costs for hop harvesting points.
Ensuring the security and sustainability of the food system in the face of climate change
Authors: Golovina Svetlana , Kuznetsova Alfiya , Zubareva Lyubov , Sharameeva Olga , Zholdoyakova Gulden
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of a study on the capabilities of food system, agricultural sector of the economy and rural areas to withstand modern challenges caused by the adverse effects of climate change. The purpose and objectives formulated in the work are implemented using review and analytical research methods undertaken in relation to both the theoretical achievements of these areas of research and the practices available in the world. The main scientific conclusions presented in this article are related to such important issues as (1) specification of directions for improving the food system that are promising from the point of view of climate conservation and sustainable development, (2) identification of options for adapting the food system and agriculture to climate change, as well as opportunities to reduce their negative impact on the climate, (3) identification of mechanisms and tools for involving all stakeholders in the development and implementation of climate-saving measures in the rural space.
The role of biologization of processes in increasing the technological and economic efficiency of viticulture
Authors: Egorov Evgeniy , Shadrina Zhanna , Yurchenko Evgenia , Kochyan Gayane
Published: May 2024

The necessity of increasing the technological and economic efficiency of viticulture is substantiated. The assessment of the influence of negative manifestations of chemical and technogenic intensification factors in viticulture on the stability of agrocenoses with the participation of grape plantations is given. The priority role of biotechnologies in ensuring the stability of grape agrocenoses to negative manifestations caused by an increase in chemical and man-made loads, which are a set of industrial methods that use living organisms and biological processes for the production of industrial products, is substantiated. The basic principles on which the biologization of protective measures of vineyards is based are considered. The effectiveness of the main methods of biological protection of industrial vineyards is assessed, the use of which will reduce the negative impact of xenobiotics on the environment, material costs for the purchase of insecticides in the cultivation of products and ensure the development of optimal agrotechnological solutions for the protection of perennial plantations, which will contribute to the growth of technological and economic efficiency of industrial production.
Multimodal integration for fake news detection on social media platforms
Authors: Yan Facheng , Zhang Mingshu , Wei Bin
Published: May 2024

The widespread dissemination of fake news on social media platforms can cause serious social impact, making the detection of fake news on social media platforms an urgent problem to be solved. Up to now, scholars have proposed various methods ranging from traditional manual feature extraction to deep learning algorithms for detecting fake news. However, these methods still have some limitations and two difficult problems: (1) How to learn informative news feature representations without losing information as much as possible? (2) How to effectively fuse multi-modal information to obtain high-order complementary information about news and enhance fake news detection? To overcome these two difficulties, this article proposes a multi-modal fusion fake news detection model. Firstly, the model uses BERT and VGG-19 to obtain the text and image feature representations of news content, respectively, and then further fuses multi-modal information through a multi-modal attention mechanism module to obtain high-order complementary information between different modalities, thereby obtaining informative news feature representations for fake news detection. Experimental results on two real-world public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model compared to mainstream detection methods.
Research on bionic composite guidance law considering field of view angle
Authors: Li Jun , Wei Peijie , Su Chenjun , Xue Song
Published: May 2024

Due to the use of strapdown seeker in small missiles, a small field of view angle is required to ensure effective tracking and strike of the target during the final interception. Based on the tracking strategy of dragonfly chasing targets, a composite guidance law is studied. In the initial guidance section, the parallax angle is controlled by the sliding mode control law to adjust the missile to the tail following attitude. The final guidance section used the motion camouflage guidance law with the focus at infinity for target tracking,and between the initial guidance and the final guidance. The second-order smooth interface law is used for the transition. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional proportional guidance law, the required overload of the missile in the final guidance is small,and the target is closer to the center of the field of view, which can reduce the missile in the final guidance. The overload and the field of view of the seeker can be used to effectively improve the attack accuracy.
Terminological correctness of the information environment through the eyes of physicists
Authors: Minasyan L. , Blagi A. , Leshchev O. , Lemeshk G. , Popov I. , Zhdanov T.
Published: May 2024

The incorrectness of the concepts of "information society" and "information civilization" is considered, the justification of which is given by the author on the basis of the development of the information space and information technologies. It is shown that the use of these terms is one of the elements of the program of globalism, which threatens the transformation of the world space with the disappearance of nation-states and the domination of a transnational government. The latest trends in physical science are identified, where questions are raised about the importance of synthesizing quantum theory and general relativity with the existing problem of the possibility of combining local and non-local observations, the hypothesis of the existence of information fields. The integration of educational technologies is designed to show that the development of the information space is an important step in civilization, but humanity also faces more global challenges about the place and mission of Man in this world.
Applied modern digital technologies in teaching special texts written translation
Authors: Moysova O. , Boyko A. , Marchenko S.
Published: May 2024

To master the course on translation of special texts, the student must first successfully complete the study of such disciplines as Abstracting and annotating the text of the first foreign language, a practical course in translation of the first foreign language, Theory of intercultural communication, a practical course in the first foreign language, Lexicology. However, in modern society, during the period of digitalization, a student needs to own digital tools in his future professional field. In this regard, a mandatory course or module in the training of translators will have to be the Basics of digital technologies in linguistics. This course is aimed at mastering students' basic translation and language communication skills using smart tools and CAT systems in the translation process.
Research on the manifestations, causes, and guidance strategies of negative educational methods in family education
Authors: Zhai Yanan , Xing Xuexia
Published: May 2024

This research paper examines the manifestations, causes, and guidance strategies of negative educational methods in family education. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, the study identifies various negative educational methods commonly observed in family settings. These methods include but are not limited to physical punishment, emotional manipulation, neglect, and overprotection. The paper explores the underlying causes of these negative educational methods, such as parental stress, lack of awareness, cultural influences, and intergenerational transmission of parenting practices. Furthermore, the study proposes effective guidance strategies to address and mitigate the impact of these harmful practices. Recommendations include parent education programs, counseling services, and fostering open communication within the family. By understanding the manifestations, causes, and implementing appropriate guidance strategies, families can create a nurturing and supportive environment conducive to positive child development.
Research on cultivating innovative practical ability of students majoring in computer science and technology under the background of integration of specialization and innovation
Authors: Wang Lina
Published: May 2024

Based on the perspective of the integration of specialization and innovation, in order to improve students' innovative practical abilities, this paper innovates the talent cultivation mode of computer science and technology majors, proposes the "three carriers" co creation progressive talent cultivation mode, optimizes the curriculum system of specialization and innovation integration, scientific research and education projects, and scientific and technological innovation activities as carriers, and jointly cultivates students' innovative practical abilities at the hierarchical level of school enterprise and teacher-student collaboration. At the same time, from the curriculum system propose relevant strategies in terms of innovative practice platforms, diverse assessment standards for innovative talents, etc., to promote the cultivation of innovative applied talents in computer science and technology majors.
Application and practice of personalized education based on big data analysis in Java object-oriented program design
Authors: Xing Xuexia , Yanan Zhai
Published: May 2024

This paper delves into the application and practice of personalized education based on big data analysis in the teaching of Java object-oriented programming. By constructing a big data analysis model, we have achieved precise collection and processing of student learning data, thereby tailoring personalized learning paths and resource recommendations for each student. The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation effects of this innovative educational model in the teaching of Java object-oriented programming, with the hope of providing valuable insights for improving teaching quality and student learning outcomes. Furthermore, we also explore the advantages of applying Java object-oriented programming in personalized education. The object-oriented nature of Java makes program design more aligned with human thinking patterns, aiding in the development of students' logical thinking and innovative capabilities. Additionally, the widespread use of the Java language also offers expansive opportunities for students' future career development.
Learning burnout of college learners and countermeasures analysis in the context of Chinese normal university
Authors: Xie Hongyu , Xiao He
Published: May 2024

The research purpose of this study is to explore the status and causes of learning burnout among college students and dig out the countermeasures of solving this issue. The study takes 400 students of different majors, grades and genders from three normal universities as subjective in Southwest China, and the questionnaires including demographic information, learning burnout status, learning burnout causes were distributed to them, finally, 395 valid questionnaires were collected. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software for statistical analysis (T-test), the results shows that there exists the phenomenon of learning burnout among university students, and there are significant differences in learning burnout in terms of gender, grade and major; Meanwhile, through regression analysis, it can be seen that each factor has different degrees of influencing the learning burnout, so the accordingly countermeasures are suggested. The study is hoped to put forward some countermeasures for learning burnout, so that it is better service the educational quality.
Plights and solutions for social organization participating in urban community governance—set jinxing social community as an example
Authors: He Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

As a new power in participating into urban community governance, social ornanization has its own advantages and characteristics such as eliminating negative factors in social development, meeting community residents’ various needs and improving people’s sense of happiness. The following passage sets Jinxing social community as a typical case, a National Top-ten Minority Unity and Progress Demonstration Community. Questionnaire survey, case studies and interviews are used to support the passage. The research sums up experiences and traits such as leadership and participation from members of the CPC, community autonomy, brands of community cultures and so on, explores plights and analyzes reasons in development. In the end it gives suggestions from perspective of government, social community and social organization for general mode for social organization participating in urban community governance.
The impact of globalized knowledge dissemination and U.S. intellectual hegemony on Taiwan
Authors: Wan Shuaiting
Published: May 2024

The phenomenon of globalization has contributed to the spread of knowledge. The earliest economic globalization was related to international trade, and the industrial revolution at the beginning of the twentieth century contributed to the later development of international trade. Post-war globalization became dominated by the United States, whose strong political, economic, and military power sustained the hegemonic realist demand for globalization hegemony to prevail in the world. The Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST), the world system, the Bretton Woods system, neoliberalism, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the WTO, and multinational corporations, all of these concepts play an important role in the dissemination of knowledge in the context of globalization, and they also provide room for theoretical explanations and legitimate ways for the US to promote hegemony later on. Hegemony has a profound impact on the development of developing countries. In Taiwan in East Asia, the U.S. has had a long and profound impact on it, from economic and military assistance, to economic and industrial cooperation, to knowledge and cultural exchanges, the U.S. has successfully accomplished the social transformation of Taiwan, and has successfully used knowledge hegemony to control Taiwan’s way of knowledge production and dissemination.
Research on the quality evaluation system and operating mechanism of graduate education in the new era
Authors: Gao Yunzhu , Tan Xili , Wang Libo
Published: May 2024

With the continuous expansion of graduate education scale and the continuous improvement of evaluation systems, corresponding educational evaluation activities have also been carried out, gradually forming a relatively standardized, wide-ranging, and various types of evaluation systems. This article introduces a new approach to the evaluation system of graduate education quality in the new era based on the actual situation of our school’s graduate students, and provides a reasonable operating mechanism.
The realistic dilemma and path choice of cultural and creative development on college campus
Authors: Yang Weizhi
Published: May 2024

Campus cultural and creative products are not only an important carrier of campus culture and image communication, but also carry out the connotation of campus culture communication with other universities and cities. A small number of well-known colleges and universities can bring their own Intellectual Property (IP) because of their popularity. As for ordinary schools how to enhance the “cultural output” and commercialization by virtue of their own cultural and creative products is an urgent problem. The successful practice of IP commercialization in Forbidden City can provide useful reference. The study innovatively puts forward the idea of “new cultural creation” to empower traditional cultural creation, focusing on the core of cultural and creative IP construction, improving the cycle of cultural creation product chain to stimulate the endogenous power; schools to provide strong basic support; relying on the regional cultural industry to promote the development of cultural creation in colleges and universities is a very good path to choose. choice.
Transient analysis of a bulk stream queue with arbitrarily distributed arrival intervals
Authors: Soundararajan Ashwini , Barbhuiya F. P.
Published: May 2024

We study the classical infinite buffer single server queueing model with renewal input of customers in batches of random size, having arbitrarily distributed arrival intervals and exponentially distributed service times. Using the technique of supplementary variable and shift operator we derive closed form expression of the time dependent system content distribution in terms of its Laplace transform. The analysis is mainly based on the root-finding technique of the non-linear characteristic equation in terms of the Laplace transform variable. Additionally, using asymptotic properties of Laplace transform, we deduce the corresponding steady-state distribution. We discuss some special cases of the model, thus providing an alternative approach in deriving the transient distribution. We further evaluate certain performance measures and present extensive numerical examples in tabular and graphical form to illustrate the applicability of our theoretical work. The effect of system parameters, interarrival time distribution and traffic intensity on the system behavior is also demonstrated.
Graphs obtained by disjoint unions and joins of cliques and stable sets
Authors: Hertz Alain
Published: May 2024

We consider the set of graphs that can be constructed from a one-vertex graph by repeatedly adding a clique or a stable set linked to all or none of the vertices added in previous steps. This class of graphs contains various well-studied graph families such as threshold, domishold, co-domishold and complete multipartite graphs, as well as graphs with linear clique-width at most 2. We show that it can be characterized by three forbidden induced subgraphs as well as by properties involving maximal stable sets and minimal dominating sets. We also give a simple recognition algorithm and formulas for the computation of the stability and domination numbers of these graphs.
Scholarly Activity during Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Dyess Nicolle F. , Myers Patrick , Dammann Christiane E.L. , Chess Patricia R. , Abramson Erika L. , Andy Caroline , Weiss Pnina
Published: May 2024

Objective This study aimed to describe scholarly activity training during neonatal–perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship and factors associated with scholarship productivity.

Study Design NPM fellowship program directors (FPDs) were surveyed between March and October 2019, as part of a larger study of all pediatric subspecialty programs, to define barriers, resources, and productivity for fellow scholarly activity. High productivity was defined as >75% of fellows in a program in the last 5 years having a manuscript accepted for publication based on fellowship scholarly work.

Results Fifty-four percent (54/100) of NPM FPDs completed the survey. Nineteen fellowship programs (35%, 19/54) met the definition for high productivity. High productivity in scholarly activity was associated with a greater likelihood of having funds to conduct scholarship (p = 0.011), more protected months dedicated to scholarly activity (p = 0.03), and fellow extramural grant applications (submitted or accepted, p = 0.047). FPDs of productive programs were less likely to report lack of an adequate core research curriculum (p = 0.018), lack of adequate expertise on the fellowship scholarly oversight committee (p = 0.048), and lack of sufficient divisional mentorship (p = 0.048) as barriers to completion of scholarly activity during fellowship.

Conclusion Research funding, protected research time, established research mentors, and a research curriculum are associated with higher scholarly activity productivity among NPM fellowship programs. Further investment in these resources may improve scholarly activity productivity during fellowship training.

Key Points
Estrogenic Activity of Derris scandens Stem Extract and its Major Compounds Using MCF-7 Cell Proliferation Assay and Estrogen-Related Gene Expression
Authors: Sae-Foo Worapol , Yusakul Gorawit , Nualkaew Natsajee , Putalun Waraporn
Published: May 2024

Derris scandens, which contains isoflavones and prenylated derivatives, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and is an ingredient in traditional Thai medicine for perimenopause and menopause. However, the estrogenic activity of D. scandens has not yet been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the estrogenic activity of the stem extract of D. scandens and its isoflavone derivatives. In this study, we conducted a proliferation assay in MCF-7 cells, and used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess gene expression. We found that the relative cell proliferation of the compounds (1 µM) was ranked in the following order as compared to 0.1 nM 17β-estradiol (100%): genistein (97.84%) > derrisisoflavone A (83.17%) > genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-glucopyranoside] (69.55%) > 6,8-diprenylgenistein (51.91%) > lupalbigenin (18.72%). Furthermore, cotreatment with 1 µM
lupalbigenin and 0.1 nM 17β-estradiol was performed, which decreased cell proliferation to 80.38%. In vitro results suggest that lupalbigenin has an estrogen-antagonistic effect. At a dose of 1 µM, genistein had the strongest efficacy in increasing the expression of human estrogen receptor β by 4.0-fold compared to the control. Furthermore, genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-glucopyranoside augmented the gene expression of human estrogen receptor α and human estrogen receptor β by 1.5- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Prenylated derivatives of genistein (derrisisoflavone A, 6,8-diprenylgenistein, and lupalbigenin) significantly suppressed the gene expression of the human androgen receptor. The administration of the crude extract at 10 µg/mL significantly suppressed human androgen receptor (0.6-fold) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (0.1-fold) expression but did not significantly affect human estrogen receptor
α and human estrogen receptor β gene expression. This herbal medicine may be safe for estrogen-exposed breast cancer patients.
Ex-Chiral-Pool Synthesis of Optically Active 4-Alkylidene-Tetrahydro­isoquinolines – Key Intermediates for Crinane Alkaloid Total Syntheses
Authors: Nubbemeyer Udo , Bernhard Stefan , Kümmerer Nadine , Urgast Dagmar , Hack Frederik , Ungelenk Julia , Frank Andrea , Schollmeyer Dieter
Published: May 2024

A seven-step ex-chiral-pool synthesis of optically active 4-alkylidenetetrahydroisoquinolines was developed. Starting from 6-bromopiperonal and (S)-serine esters, N-benzylation via reductive amination gave enantiopure N-piperonyl serine esters. Subsequent NH and OH protection delivered defined (S)-serine building blocks. The best results to achieve the conversion into the corresponding serinal were obtained via a two-step sequence of NaBH4/LiCl reduction and subsequent TEMPO oxidation. Then, chain elongation using the Masamune–Roush variant of the Horner olefination afforded ethyl (E)-4-(N-6-bromopiperonyl)-substituted pentenoates in high yields. Intramolecular Heck cyclization employing the Herrmann–Beller catalyst enabled generation of enantiopure 4-(2-ethoxycarbonylmethylidene)tetrahydroisoquinoline building blocks in high Z-selectivity. Subsequent selected functional group transformations gave carbinols and lactones, which can be used as key intermediates in crinane alkaloid total syntheses.
Redox-Neutral 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Buta-1,3-diene by Merging Decatungstate and Chromium Catalysis
Authors: Wang Pu-Sheng , Ding Du
Published: May 2024

Homoallylic alcohol is a significantly useful intermediate in organic synthesis. Here we establish a three-component Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) type reaction of buta-1,3-diene, aldehydes, and aliphatic C–H partners by merging decatungstate and chromium catalysis, enabling a modular, redox-neutral, and atom-economic strategy to access a diverse range of homoallylic alcohols.
Post-Ugi Acid-Catalyzed Fragmentation and Trapping: An Unprecedented Approach towards Novel Bis(indolyl)acetamides
Authors: Modha Sachin G. , Bhoraniya Rinkal B. , Desai Shiv R. , Koladiya Mahesh , Bhopekar Vidhi V. , Patel Swati H.
Published: May 2024

An unprecedented post-Ugi Brønsted acid catalyzed fragmentation followed by in situ trapping of the alkylideneindolenine intermediate by indole nucleophiles was developed to furnish novel bis(indolyl)acetamides. The amide fragment formed during this acid-catalyzed fragmentation of the Ugi adduct was also isolated and characterized. The carboxylic acid and amine components of the Ugi reaction were carefully chosen to permit a simple water wash for the removal of the amide fragment to obtain the desired bis(indolyl)acetamides in a pure form.
Advances in Immunooncology and Precision Medicine in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Brown Timothy J. , Karasic Thomas B.
Published: May 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon but morbid cancer arising from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. CCA is frequently asymptomatic at early stages and is often unresectable or metastatic at the time of initial diagnosis. While chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for most patients with advanced disease, the addition of immunotherapy to frontline treatment has improved survival and provided an alternative to perpetual chemotherapy. Furthermore, a variety of targeted therapies have demonstrated benefit in patients with specific biomarkers including FGFR2 fusions, IDH1 mutations, HER2 overexpression, and tumor agnostic markers such as NTRK and RET fusions, among others. This review will summarize the established roles of immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and their combinations in CCA as well as treatment strategies that are under development with potential to impact clinical practice in the coming years.
Interrelatedness of Brand Love and Brand Hate: The Case of a Female Personal Political Brand in Finland
Authors: Aro Kaisa , Suomi Kati
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of two extreme brand relationships, namely brand love and brand hate, and their interrelatedness. This qualitative study employs abductive reasoning and naturally occurring, public, social media data. A political personal brand is chosen to represent an understudied, yet information-rich, context for both brand love and hate. This study shows that brand love and hate are conceptually close to each other and share several mechanisms, such as word of mouth (WOM), strong emotions and strong attitudes. Further, this study shows how these two brand relationships are publicly expressed in social media. This study provides guidance for brand managers in responding to expressions of brand love and hate and in understanding the interconnectivity between the underlying reasons customers express brand love and hate. Interestingly, this study shows how brand love and hate with a personal brand may have spill-over effects with organisations the personal brand presents and vice versa. The study contributes to the intersection of extreme brand relationships, personal branding and political branding.
Anticompetitive effect of drug name trademark registration: lessons from China
Authors: Shen Jun , Song Xiaoting
Published: May 2024

The Chinese Trademark Law does not entirely exclude the possibility of generic names being registered as trademarks, which is inconsistent with the international standards. The necessity and rationality of allowing the trademark registration of drug names are worth of further research. This study analyzes the rules and cases that involve the trademark registration of drug names and makes comparisons with international counterparts. It displays that in Chinese judicial practices, drug name listed in the National Drug Standards may be registered as a trademark if it has acquired distinctive characteristics by use, which contradicts the nature of generic names and may exert an anticompetitive effect and have adverse implications on the development of the related drug industry and patient well-being. This study proposes that the drug name sign is different from descriptive sign, and cannot obtain distinctiveness through use. Based on the particularity of the drug industry, the trademark registration of drug names in the National Drug Standards should be prohibited. This arrangement is conductive to addressing the imbalance of interests among drug operators and safeguarding public health. This study can provide insights and policy recommendations for Chinese lawmakers offering a framework to reconcile trademark protection with the pharmaceutical industry’s unique characteristics and regulatory demands.
Periodic approaching flows and pollutant dispersion of a single-sided generic building with natural ventilation
Authors: Dai Yuwei , Luo Shuang , Zhu Haotian , Li Zhicheng , Feng Lingyao , Wang Zhuo
Published: May 2024

In real urban environments, wind velocities often exhibit significant time-dependent variations. However, the impact of these fluctuations on ventilation performance is not frequently addressed in the literature. To accurately predict the building ventilation performance, this paper intends to elucidate the influence of the unsteady approaching flow. Four distinct inflows, characterized by periodic sinusoidal fluctuations, are evaluated using large-eddy simulation (LES). A single-sided building model with natural ventilation is constructed and validated through a wind tunnel experiment. Four periodic inflows consist of combinations of two frequencies (f = 0.1 and 0.3 Hz) and two amplitudes (A = 0.06 and 0.09). This paper mainly compares the results of airflow patterns and ventilation performance with those of stable inflows. The results indicate that periodic inflows cause greater fluctuations in the velocity fields on the leeward side. At higher frequencies and lower amplitudes, the vertical distribution of indoor bottom vortices is relatively dispersed. It shows that periodic flows lead to noticeable changes in the ventilation rate, with a deviation between instantaneous and average Q* ranging from 13.8% to 16.5%. Compared to the stable inflow, the impacts of periodic inflows on ventilation performance vary over time; 6% and 9% variations in incoming velocities result in deviations of up to 17.5% in ventilation rates. The frequencies and amplitudes of the periodic inflows do not exhibit a linear relation with ventilation rate. Therefore, it is prudent to be cautious about adopting averaged incoming wind velocities in predicting ventilation performance. This study helps in the more accurate prediction of single-sided natural ventilation.