bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Switched Generalized Function Projective Synchronization between Two Hyperchaotic Systems with Unknown Parameters
Authors: Zhou Xiaobing , Xiong Lianglin , Cai Xiaomei
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we investigate adaptive switched generalized function projective synchronization between two new different hyperchaotic systems with unknown parameters, which is an extension of the switched modified function projective synchronization scheme. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, corresponding adaptive controllers with appropriate parameter update laws are constructed to achieve adaptive switched generalized function projective synchronization between two different hyperchaotic systems. A numerical simulation is conducted to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed synchronization scheme.
A Load Fluctuation Characteristic Index and Its Application to Pilot Node Selection
Authors: Ge Huaichang , Guo Qinglai , Sun Hongbin , Wang Bin , Zhang Boming , Wu Wenchuan
Published: January 2014

The operation of power systems has been complicated by the rapid diversification of loads. Analyzing load characteristics becomes necessary to different utilities in energy management systems to ensure the reliability of power systems. Here, we describe a method of analyzing and quantifying the load characteristics and introduce its application to pilot nodes selection for zone based voltage control. We propose a new index, the Q-fluctuation (QF), to quantify the load characteristic of reactive power based on an analysis of historical data. A second index, the V-fluctuation (VF), which is a combination of the QF and the Q–V sensitivity that reflects structural information for the grid describes the voltage deviation at each node. These indices are used to construct the voltage fluctuation space, which is then used to select the pilot node for each zone. Simulation studies using IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus systems are described, and used to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. The method was able to improve the secondary voltage control and enhance the grid reliability in response to structural changes.
Analysis of the Spatial Variation of Hospitalization Admissions for Hypertension Disease in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Zhensheng , Du Qingyun , Liang Shi , Nie Ke , Lin De-nan , Chen Yan , Li Jia-jia
Published: January 2014

In China, awareness about hypertension, the treatment rate and the control rate are low compared to developed countries, even though China’s aging population has grown, especially in those areas with a high degree of urbanization. However, limited epidemiological studies have attempted to describe the spatial variation of the geo-referenced data on hypertension disease over an urban area of China. In this study, we applied hierarchical Bayesian models to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the relative risk for hypertension admissions throughout Shenzhen in 2011. The final model specification includes an intercept and spatial components (structured and unstructured). Although the road density could be used as a covariate in modeling, it is an indirect factor on the relative risk. In addition, spatial scan statistics and spatial analysis were utilized to identify the spatial pattern and to map the clusters. The results showed that the relative risk for hospital admission for hypertension has high-value clusters in the south and southeastern Shenzhen. This study aimed to identify some specific regions with high relative risk, and this information is useful for the health administrators. Further research should address more-detailed data collection and an explanation of the spatial patterns.
Chemokine Receptors in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Muralidhar Goda , Barbolina Maria
Published: December 2013

Ovarian carcinoma is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy with very poor rate of survival, and it is characterized by the presence of vast incurable peritoneal metastasis. Studies of the role of chemokine receptors, a family of proteins belonging to the group of G protein-coupled receptors, in ovarian carcinoma strongly placed this family of membrane receptors as major regulators of progression of this malignancy. In this review, we will discuss the roles that chemokine-receptor interactions play to support angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion in progression of ovarian carcinoma. Data regarding the role that the chemokine receptors play in the disease progression accumulated insofar strongly suggest that this family of proteins could be good therapeutic targets against ovarian carcinoma.
Multi-Scale Computational Enzymology: Enhancing Our Understanding of Enzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Gherib Rami , Dokainish Hisham , Gauld James
Published: December 2013

Elucidating the origin of enzymatic catalysis stands as one the great challenges of contemporary biochemistry and biophysics. The recent emergence of computational enzymology has enhanced our atomistic-level description of biocatalysis as well the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of their mechanisms. There exists a diversity of computational methods allowing the investigation of specific enzymatic properties. Small or large density functional theory models allow the comparison of a plethora of mechanistic reactive species and divergent catalytic pathways. Molecular docking can model different substrate conformations embedded within enzyme active sites and determine those with optimal binding affinities. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the dynamics and roles of active site components as well as the interactions between substrate and enzymes. Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) can model reactions in active sites while considering steric and electrostatic contributions provided by the surrounding environment. Using previous studies done within our group, on OvoA, EgtB, ThrRS, LuxS and MsrA enzymatic systems, we will review how these methods can be used either independently or cooperatively to get insights into enzymatic catalysis.
Enhanced Antitumor Effects of Adenoviral-Mediated siRNA against GRP78 Gene on Adenosine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Wu Ling-Fei , Guo Yi-Tian , Zhang Qing-Hua , Xiang Meng-Qi , Deng Wei , Ye Yan-Qing , Pu Ze-Jin , Feng Jia-Lin , Huang Guan-You
Published: January 2014

Our previous studies show that adenosine-induced apoptosis is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 cells. In this study, we have investigated whether knockdown of GRP78 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increases the cytotoxic effects of adenosine in HepG2 cells. The adenovirus vector-delivered shRNA targeting GRP78 (Ad-shGRP78) was constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells. RT-PCR assay was used to determine RNA interference efficiency. Effects of knockdown of GRP78 on adenosine-induced cell viabilities, cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis, as well as relative protein expressions were determined by flow cytometry and/or Western blot analysis. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by a fluorospectrophotometer. The results revealed that GRP78 mRNA was significantly downregulated by Ad-shGRP78 transfection. Knockdown of GRP78 enhanced HepG2 cell sensitivity to adenosine by modulating G0/G1 arrest and stimulating Bax, Bak, m-calpain, caspase-4 and CHOP protein levels. Knockdown of GRP78 worsened cytosolic Ca2+ overload and ΔΨm loss. Knockdown of caspase-4 by shRNA decreased caspase-3 mRNA expression and cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that GRP 78 plays a protective role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and show that the combination of chemotherapy drug and RNA interference adenoviruses provides a new treatment strategy against malignant tumors.
Colonization of Three Maple Species by Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, in Two Mixed-Hardwood Forest Stands
Authors: Dodds Kevin , Hull-Sanders Helen , Siegert Nathan , Bohne Michael
Published: December 2013

Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is an invasive insect that has successfully established multiple times in North America. To investigate host colonization and reproductive success (exit holes/eggs), two ALB infested forest stands were sampled in central Massachusetts, USA. Infested Acer platanoides L., Acer rubrum L., and Acer saccharum Marsh. were felled, bucked into 1 m sections and dissected to determine indications of ALB infestations, such as presence of life stages or signs of damage on trees. ALB damage was also aged on a subset of trees to determine the earliest attacks on the three Acer species. In one stand, ALB oviposition was significantly higher on the native A. rubrum and A. saccharum than the exotic A. platanoides. In the second stand, ALB oviposition was significantly higher and cumulative reproductive success was higher on A. rubrum than A. platanoides or A. saccharum. An A. saccharum had the earliest signs of attack that occurred in 2006. Acer rubrum (2007) and A. platanoides (2010) were colonized shortly thereafter. Overall, ALB was more successful in A. rubrum, where adults emerged from 53% and 64% of trees in each stand, compared to A. platanoides (11% and 18%) or A. saccharum (14% and 9%).
The Effects of Uniquely-Processed Titanium on Biological Systems: Implications for Human Health and Performance
Authors: Rowlands David , Shultz Sarah , Ogawa Takahiro , Aoi Wataru , Korte Martin
Published: January 2014

Titanium is biocompatible and widely utilized in a variety of applications. Recently, titanium in pico-nanometer scale and soluble form (Aqua Titan) has expanded its use to applied human health and performance. The purpose of this article is to review the current evidence associated with specific physiological responses to Aqua Titan-treated materials. In vitro studies have shown that application of Aqua Titan can modify membrane potential and long-term potentiation in isolated hippocampal neurons, suggesting reduced pain memory as a possible mechanism for reported analgesia. Proximal contact with Aqua Titan-treated titanium increased gene expression, protein synthesis, cell growth and adhesion in normal cultured muscle and bone cells, suggesting application for Aqua Titan in clinical implant procedures and wound healing. Evidence for beneficial effects on neuromuscular control of muscle-tendon function and improvements in running economy in human athletes was seen when Aqua Titan-treated tape was applied to the human triceps surae following fatigue induced by prior strenuous exercise. Finally, behavioral responses and effects on the autonomic nervous system to environmental exposure suggest Aqua Titan may promote a mild relaxant, or stress-suppressive response. Together, data suggest exposure to Aqua Titan-treated materials modulates aspects of growth and function in neuronal and other musculoskeletal cells with possible benefits to musculotendinous recovery from exercise and to the systemic response to stress.
Anti-Chikungunya Viral Activities of Aplysiatoxin-Related Compounds from the Marine Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Kaur Parveen , Leong See , Tan Lik , Prinsep Michèle , Chu Justin
Published: January 2014

Tropical filamentous marine cyanobacteria have emerged as a viable source of novel bioactive natural products for drug discovery and development. In the present study, aplysiatoxin (1), debromoaplysiatoxin (2) and anhydrodebromoaplysiatoxin (3), as well as two new analogues, 3-methoxyaplysiatoxin (4) and 3-methoxydebromoaplysiatoxin (5), are reported for the first time from the marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum. The identification of the bloom-forming cyanobacterial strain was confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA sequences. Structural determination of the new analogues was achieved by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison with NMR spectral data of known compounds. In addition, the antiviral activities of these marine toxins were assessed using Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-infected cells. Post-treatment experiments using the debrominated analogues, namely compounds 2, 3 and 5, displayed dose-dependent inhibition of CHIKV when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.1 µM to 10.0 µM. Furthermore, debromoaplysiatoxin (2) and 3-methoxydebromoaplysiatoxin (5) exhibited significant anti-CHIKV activities with EC50 values of 1.3 μM and 2.7 μM, respectively, and selectivity indices of 10.9 and 9.2, respectively.
Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and UPLC Analysis of the Stability of Some New Benzimidazole-4,7-dione Derivatives
Authors: Błaszczak-Świątkiewicz Katarzyna , Almeida Diogo , Perry Maria , Mikiciuk-Olasik Elżbieta
Published: December 2013

In this work, a sensitive analytical method to study the stability of two new series of synthesized heterocyclic compounds, the benzimidazole-4,7-diones 5 and N-oxide benzimidazole-4,7-dione derivatives 6 was established and validated. These derivatives were developed as potential anticancer substances to be activated under hypoxic conditions. At this point we were concerned with establishing their stability in some specific environments for further biological studies. For that, we developed and validated an RP-UPLC method. Next, selected compounds were tested in vitro for possible anticancer activity. Their effect on A549 tumour cell lines under normoxia and hypoxia conditions was determined by a WST-1 test. Four of the examined compounds (compounds 5a–c and 6c) showed very good antiproliferative effects and three of them (compounds 6a, 6b and 6d) were specific for hypoxia conditions. The hypoxia/normoxia cytotoxic coefficient of compound 6b is close to that of tirapazamine—a reference compound in our experiments—and this parameter locates it between mitomycin C and 2-nitroimidazole (misonidazole).
Pharmacokinetics of BMEDA after Intravenous Administration in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Chang Chih-Hsien , Liu Si-Yen , Lee Te-Wei
Published: January 2014

The pharmacokinetics of N,N-bis(2-mercapatoethly)-N',N'-diethylenediamine (BMEDA), a molecule that can form a chelate with rhenium-188 (188Re) to produce the 188Re-BMEDA-liposomes, was studied. In this work, beagles received a single injection of BMEDA, at doses of 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg; the concentration of BMEDA in the beagles’ plasma was then analyzed and determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of BMEDA, we found that male and female animals shared similar patterns indicating that the pharmacokinetics of BMEDA is independent of gender differences. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of BMEDA was seen to be non-linear because the increase of mean AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ values tend to be greater than dose proportional while the mean Vss and CL values of BMEDA appeared to be dose dependent. The information on the pharmacokinetics of BMEDA generated from this study will serve as a basis to design appropriate pharmacology and toxicology studies for future human use.
Enhanced Upconversion Luminescence in Yb3+/Tm3+-Codoped Fluoride Active Core/Active Shell/Inert Shell Nanoparticles through Directed Energy Migration
Authors: Qiu Hailong , Yang Chunhui , Shao Wei , Damasco Jossana , Wang Xianliang , Ågren Hans , Prasad Paras , Chen Guanying
Published: January 2014

The luminescence efficiency of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles is of particular importance for their embodiment in biophotonic and photonic applications. Here, we show that the upconversion luminescence of typically used NaYF4:Yb3+30%/Tm3+0.5% nanoparticles can be enhanced by ~240 times through a hierarchical active core/active shell/inert shell (NaYF4:Yb3+30%/Tm3+0.5%)/NaYbF4/NaYF4 design, which involves the use of directed energy migration in the second active shell layer. The resulting active core/active shell/inert shell nanoparticles are determined to be about 11 times brighter than that of well-investigated (NaYF4:Yb3+30%/Tm3+0.5%)/NaYF4 active core/inert shell nanoparticles when excited at ~980 nm. The strategy for enhanced upconversion in Yb3+/Tm3+-codoped NaYF4 nanoparticles through directed energy migration might have implications for other types of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles.
Availability, Uniqueness and Perceived Value of Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) Programs in the United States
Authors: Al-Rousan Rabaa , Alkhateeb Fadi , Veronin Michael , Latif David , Dodd Marea
Published: December 2013

We describe the uniqueness of the Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) degree and the factors that contribute to this uniqueness. A total of 18 colleges and schools that offer a BSPS were identified in the literature and compared. A review of the current literature and university websites was conducted in order to compare and contrast the different BSPS programs. BSPS program directors’ perceptions were evaluated through a 14-item online survey instrument. Of the 16 programs surveyed, seven (43.8%) responded to the survey. The respondents agreed that most of the BSPS graduates are placed (from the highest to the lowest) at pharmacy school, postgraduate education and in the pharmaceutical industry. This is a timely review of coursework, program lengths and job opportunities for graduates of the BSPS. Currently, the BSPS programs have yet to receive a large amount of attention, but the importance in pharmaceutical education cannot be denied.
Increasing Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-Bisphosphate Biosynthesis Affects Basal Signaling and Chloroplast Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Im Yang , Smith Caroline , Phillippy Brian , Strand Deserah , Kramer David , Grunden Amy , Boss Wendy
Published: January 2014

One challenge in studying the second messenger inositol(1,4,5)-trisphosphate (InsP3) is that it is present in very low amounts and increases only transiently in response to stimuli. To identify events downstream of InsP3, we generated transgenic plants constitutively expressing the high specific activity, human phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Iα (HsPIPKIα). PIP5K is the enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2); this reaction is flux limiting in InsP3 biosynthesis in plants. Plasma membranes from transgenic Arabidopsis expressing HsPIPKIα had 2–3 fold higher PIP5K specific activity, and basal InsP3 levels in seedlings and leaves were >2-fold higher than wild type. Although there was no significant difference in photosynthetic electron transport, HsPIPKIα plants had significantly higher starch (2–4 fold) and 20% higher anthocyanin compared to controls. Starch content was higher both during the day and at the end of dark period. In addition, transcripts of genes involved in starch metabolism such as SEX1 (glucan water dikinase) and SEX4 (phosphoglucan phosphatase), DBE (debranching enzyme), MEX1 (maltose transporter), APL3 (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Glc6PT) were up-regulated in the HsPIPKIα plants. Our results reveal that increasing the phosphoinositide (PI) pathway affects chloroplast carbon metabolism and suggest that InsP3 is one component of an inter-organelle signaling network regulating chloroplast metabolism.
A Modular Sensorized Mat for Monitoring Infant Posture
Authors: Donati Marco , Cecchi Francesca , Bonaccorso Filippo , Branciforte Marco , Dario Paolo , Vitiello Nicola
Published: December 2013

We present a novel sensorized mat for monitoring infant’s posture through the measure of pressure maps. The pressure-sensitive mat is based on an optoelectronic technology developed in the last few years at Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna: a soft silicone skin cover, which constitutes the mat, participates in the transduction principle and provides the mat with compliance. The device has a modular structure (with a minimum of one and a maximum of six sub-modules, and a total surface area of about 1 m2) that enables dimensional adaptation of the pressure-sensitive area to different specific applications. The system consists of on-board electronics for data collection, pre-elaboration, and transmission to a remote computing unit for analysis and posture classification. In this work we present a complete description of the sensing apparatus along with its experimental characterization and validation with five healthy infants.
Evolution of leaf blade anatomy in Allium (Amaryllidaceae) subgenus Amerallium with a focus on the North American species
Authors: Mashayekhi Saeideh , Columbus J. Travis
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: Reconstructing ancestral states is a useful method to understand the pathway and patterns of character evolution and to test specific hypotheses within a phylogenetic context. Using a phylogenetic hypothesis of the subgenus Amerallium and related subgenera based on molecular data, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of leaf blade anatomical characters and identified those characters that are most congruent with phylogenetic relationships. Furthermore, we used these character histories to investigate the evolution of terete leaves and explore a possible correlation between environment and leaf anatomy in the North American species.

• Methods: Sixty‐seven North American and Old World species were sampled from all major infrageneric taxa and lineages for transectional leaf anatomy. To provide a phylogenetic framework for interpretation, representatives of Old World Amerallium and related subgenera were added to a published data matrix of North American taxa and ITS, ETS, trnL–F, and rpL32–trnL sequences.

• Key results: Four anatomical characters, namely leaf‐blade shape in transection, presence versus absence of palisade mesophyll, distribution and orientation of vascular bundles, and position of laticifer cells, were found to be congruent with phylogenetic relationships and useful diagnostic traits within North American species. Character reconstructions show that terete leaves in North American species evolved from flattened leaves via a possible transition from subterete to terete leaves. Furthermore, terete leaves possess traits that are indicative of possible adaptation to xeric environments.

• Conclusions: The findings from this study provide valuable information for understanding the evolution of leaf‐blade anatomy in North American Allium species.
El ajuar de la necrópolis de Palhais (Beja, Portugal). Nuevos conocimientos sobre la evolución metalúrgica bajo la influencia orientalizante en el extremo suroriental de Iberia
Authors: Valério Pedro , Monge Soares António M. , Araújo María Fátima , Silva Rui J. C. , Santos Filipe J. C.
Published: January 2014

El ajuar funerario de la necrópolis de Palhais (Primera Edad del Hierro) ofrece una oportunidad única para estudiar la introducción de la metalurgia orientalizante en el sur de Portugal. Los metales incluyen objetos destinados al aseo del cuerpo, una fíbula de tipo Alcores y un broche de cinturón, cuya tipología y/o decoración es de inspiración orientalizante. La composición y la cadena operativa de los artefactos se determinaron por EDXRF, Micro-EDXRF, SEM-EDS, microscopía óptica y microdureza Vickers. Las composiciones indican que se trata de bronces con bajo contenido de estaño (4,4 ± 2,4%), debido al uso de chatarra o al uso intencionado de pequeñas cantidades de esta materia prima por razones económicas o tecnológicas. Las microestructuras indican el trabajo del metal mediante forja y recocido, lo que apunta a que estos objetos de ajuar han sido producidos como artefactos funcionales. La comparación con los artefactos de la Edad del Bronce Final y la Primera Edad del Hierro del sur de Portugal muestra que un bajo contenido de estaño es un rasgo común entre los bronces fenicios. Además, la valoración de los metales coetáneos del suroeste de la Península Ibérica identifica otras características de la metalurgia orientalizante como el aumento de los cobres no aleados y de los bronces plomados que se pueden relacionar con la diversificación de los métodos de producción de bronce en este periodo.
Nuevos datos sobre la Edad del Hierro en Alto Duero: el castro de El Pico (Cabrejas del Pinar, Soria)
Authors: Vega Maeso Cristina , Carmona Ballestero Eduardo
Published: January 2014

El trabajo presenta los datos derivados de una investigación arqueológica realizada en el castro de El Pico (Cabrejas del Pinar, Soria). El objetivo de la misma era valorar el registro arqueológico conservado y proporcionar una adscripción cronológica definida al yacimiento, que tradicionalmente se había vinculado a la “Cultura Castreña Soriana” de la Primera Edad del Hierro. Las nuevas evidencias han mostrado una discrepancia entre datos arqueológicos y fechas absolutas. La discusión al respecto ha permitido determinar una adscripción cronocultural diferente para El Pico, relacionándola con el grupo de manifestaciones arqueológicas que configuran el Celtibérico Antiguo (siglos VII-V a.C.). Los datos plantean nuevas vías de análisis en una zona donde confluyen dos conjuntos arqueológicos (los Castros Sorianos y las entidades arqueológicas del Celtibérico Antiguo) que se relacionan con un proceso histórico de transición hacia las sociedades estatales poco definido y escasamente tratado.
Self-Organization Activities in LTE-Advanced Networks
Authors: Diab Ali , Mitschele-Thiel Andreas
Published: December 2013

A major challenge in the context of LTE networks is a cost-effective network operation, which can be done by carefully controlling the network Operational Expenses (OPEX). Therefore, to minimize OPEX costs while optimizing network performance, Self-Organizing Network (SON) principles were proposed. These networks are the main focus of this chapter, which highlights the state of art and provides a comprehensive investigation of current research efforts in the field of SONs. A major contribution of the chapter is the handling of SON use cases, going through their challenges, solutions. and open research questions. The chapter also presents efforts to provide coordination frameworks between SON use cases and routines. An additional essential contribution of the chapter is the description of SON activities within 3GPP.
Mobility Prediction in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Femtocell Network
Authors: Amirrudin Nurul ‘Ain , Ariffin Sharifah H. S. , Malik N. N. N. Abd. , Ghazali N. Effiyana
Published: December 2013

The Long Term Evolution (LTE) femtocell has promised to improve indoor coverage and enhance data rate capacity. Due to the special characteristic of the femtocell, it introduces several challenges in terms of mobility and interference management. This chapter focuses on mobility prediction in a wireless network in order to enhance handover performance. The mobility prediction technique via Markov Chains and a user’s mobility history is proposed as a technique to predict user movement in the deployment of the LTE femtocell. Simulations have been developed to evaluate the relationship between prediction accuracy and the amount of non-random data, as well as the relationship between the prediction accuracy and the duration of the simulation. The result shows that the prediction is more accurate if the user moves in regular mode, which is directly proportional to the amount of non-random data. Moreover, the prediction accuracy is maintained at 0.7 when the number of weeks is larger than 50.
Software in Amateur “Packet Radio” Communications and Networking
Authors: Škorić Miroslav
Published: December 2013

In modern (amateur radio) wireless communications, we use computers. Depending on particular situations, such as employers’ and personal preferences, users can adopt more or less proprietary operating systems and related end-user programs. In emerging and developing societies, the usage of proprietary software can be costly. Not only that, contrary to so-called “open” software, the “closed” software is not able to motivate its users to upgrade those programs regularly, not only because of high prices and restricted licensing policies, but also because of its nature, which is the “closedness” of program codes, where the end-users are not allowed to change programmed software, and so assist companies in improving features of their software products. Therefore, the authors help prospective newcomers in the amateur wireless communications to become familiar with the “open” software and, as well, to encourage them in implementing many “free” software solutions at home or work.
The Access of Things
Authors: Hawrylak Peter J. , Reed Steven , Butler Matthew , Hale John
Published: December 2013

Access to resources, both physical and cyber, must be controlled to maintain security. The increasingly connected nature of our world makes access control a paramount issue. The expansion of the Internet of Things into everyday life has created numerous opportunities to share information and resources with other people and other devices. The Internet of Things will contain numerous wireless devices. The level of access each user (human or device) is given must be controlled. Most conventional access control schemes are rigid in that they do not account for environmental context. This solution is not sufficient for the Internet of Things. What is needed is a more granular control of access rights and a gradual degradation or expansion of access based on observed facts. This chapter presents an access control system termed the Access of Things, which employs a gradual degradation of privilege philosophy. The Access of Things concept is applicable to the dynamic security environment present in the Internet of Things.
Digital Image Processing in the Camera System of Assembly Systems ICIM
Authors: Danišová Nina
Published: January 2014

In this contribution are designed complex methods of image processing as (binarization image, tresholding, edge detection) with specific method selection, which is used in the camera system of assembly process. The contribution proffers of problems resolution, which are present by assembly components scanning. These components are assembled in the system ICIM. This system is situated at the Institute of Production systems and Applied Mechanics. Assembly configuration, which is assembled in this system consists from for elements. The contribution describes mathematical function of digital image by scanning of assembly components.
Analysis of the Dynamical Effects on Housing of the Axial Piston Hydromotor
Authors: Sapietová Alžbeta , Petrech Richard , Petrovic Matej
Published: January 2014

The paper deals with the calculation and examination of the mechanical effects on the stop screw in the axial hydrostatic motor. It includes the preparation and the setup of virtual prototypes, as well as the simulation and the processing results of the rigid-body and flexible virtual prototypes using MSC. Adams software. The paper deals with transient analysis of the housing of hydromotor too. Analysis was calculated in software ANSYS.
The Mechanical Characteristics of 3D Printed Parts According to the Build Orientation
Authors: Zelený Petr , Šafka Jiří , Elkina Irina
Published: January 2014

This article is focused on a production of mechanically resistant physical models using Rapid Prototyping technology. There are two tested materials, ABS is the first build material and ABS-like is the second build material with similar properties. The article describes the production of a testing component - element for tensile tests by two RP technologies. The first technology is FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) and the second PolyJet Matrix. Further the article describes the description and evaluation of the tensile tests.
Characteristic Analyzation of Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Kuang Zhe Jun , Hu Liang , Zhang Chen
Published: January 2014

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are complex distributed heterogeneous systems which integrating cyber and physical processes by computation, communication and control. During interaction between cyber and physical world, the traditional theories and applications has been difficult to satisfy real-time performance and efficient. Cyber-physical systems clearly have a role to play in developing a new theory of computer-mediated physical systems. The aim of this work is to analysis the features and relation technology of CPS that get better understanding for this new field. We summarized the research progresses from different perspectives such as modeling, classical tools and applications. Finally, the research challenges for CPS are in brief outlined.
Study of a New Type of Nanometer Materials in Interior Design
Authors: Chen Chao
Published: January 2014

With the increasing demand of the daily environment, new nanomaterials are more widely used in interior design. At the same time, with the development of interior design, new nanomaterials have been widely used in the late soft decoration. In the hard and soft outfit, application of new materials often becomes the punch-line. However, in either the early hard decoration or the late soft decoration, the whole design development trend, ecological design, low carbon life began to penetrate into the interior design. All these put forward higher professional requirements for the designers at present and in the future.
Motor Drive Control Based on Microcontroller and PID
Authors: Cui Jing Jun
Published: January 2014

This paper describes the incremental PID control algorithm and the basic principles of motor soft start, and introduced STM32F103RB8 basic performance microcontroller, combined with incremental PID control advantages, and gives MCU in motor soft start process control application. Practice shows that the incremental PID applications, simplifying the control ideas to improve the performance of the current loop control, limiting the starting current, smooth start-up speed, and achieved good results motor start.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of EH36 Alloy
Authors: Luo Xiao Dong , Liu Hao , Zhu Yong Xiang , Zheng Cai Yu
Published: January 2014

The appropriate heat treatment process may obviously enhance the material mechanics performance, lengthens the service life of the machine parts , reduces the exploitation conditions of the material . This article uses mechanical properties test and the optical microscope research quenching and tempering comprehensive heat treatment craft is 15mm controls to thickness controlled rolling and controlled cooling (TMCP) condition tissue and the properties of the EH36 level ship plate steel influence. The result indicated that, after the heat treatment the TMCP condition ship plate steel overall performance has enhances greatly, although has the drop slightly in the intensity, but its plasticity, the low temperature impact performance all has the distinct improvement in particular.
Numerical Simulation of Rock-Breaking Process by Disc Cutter in Tunnel Boring Machine
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Xing Wen , Liu Hui Fang
Published: January 2014

The force load research of disc cutter can be used in the design of disc cutter, in order to improve the working life, determine when to change another cutter. Based on the working platform of ABAQUS finite element analysis module, single disc cutter rock-breaking of the simulation model is established, and according to the theory of rocks plastic rule, dynamics analysis and dynamic simulation are done when the cutter is in rock-breaking process by which, the added force can be got when the disc cutter and rocks contact each other in different wear conditions of contact force in the process of the dynamic contact each other. The results show that with the cutter damage increasing, the added force is increased and cutters maximum instantaneous stress load is 1.5 ~ 2.5 times than the average stress load, which has a negative influence on working efficiency. To have a clear understand of cutters design and working life and when to change another cutter in working time, the results also offer an engineering parameters for researching the load state of TBM tunneling.
Preparation of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Bentonite Clay Bio-Nanocomposite
Authors: Morais Dayanne Diniz Souza , Barbosa Renata , Medeiros Keila Machado , Araújo Edcleide Maria , de Mélo Tomás Jefférson Alves
Published: January 2014

Recent advances in biodegradable polymers have attracted a great interest not only in traditional areas such as biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, but also in packaging applications, articles and injected membranes. The aim of this work was to produce bio-nanocomposites poly (lactic acid) - PLA with bentonite clay. The bio-nanocomposites were produced by melt intercalation with incorporation of 1 to 3 wt% of organoclay. The degree of dispersion of clays in the polymer, and consequently the structure of bio-nanocomposites produced was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD results indicated the formation of intercalated structures. It was observed the appearance of crystalline melting double peaks in bio-nanocomposites PLA.
Mechanical and Morphological Behavior of Blends Obtained from Biopolymers (PLA/PLC)
Authors: de Gouveia Silva Taciana Regina , da Cunha Bartira Brandão , Agrawal Pankaj , Araújo Edcleide Maria , de Mélo Tomás Jefférson Alves
Published: January 2014

In this work, the effect of the PCL content and E-GMA compatibilizer on the mechanical properties and morphology of poly (lactic acid) - PLA/ poly (ε-caprolactone)-PCL blends was investigated. The results of the mechanical properties showed that there was a reduction in the elastic modulus and tensile strength when PCL was added to PLA. The decrease in the modulus was more pronounced when the PCL content was increased from 10 to 20% (wt). The PLA/PCL/E-GMA blend showed the lower modulus and tensile strength. This blend also presented the higher elongation at break and impact strength. The morphology analysis by SEM showed that the PLA/PCL blends where characterized by lack of adhesion between the PLA and PCL phases. The presence of E-GMA in the PLA/PCL/E-GMA blend improved the adhesion between the PLA and PCL phases.Keywords: poly (latic acid); poly (ε-caprolactone); polymer blends; compatibilizer
Obtention and Characterization of Collagen and Chitosan Based Cements for Bone Regerneration. Part 1: Extraction and Characterization of Collagen
Authors: de Castro Karine Cappucio , Prado Ivan Silva , Júnior Moacyr Clemente , Maestrelli Sylma Carvalho , Mariano Neide Aparecida , Innocentini-Mei Lucia Helena , Marques Rodrigo Fernando Costa , Campos Maria Gabriela Nogueira
Published: January 2014

Several cements are used as biomaterials. Biopolymers such as chitosan and collagen exhibit excellent biocompatibility and can be used in the remodeling of bone tissue. The cement must have high mechanical strength and compatibility with original tissue. In this context, the objective of this study was to extract, characterize and cross-link collagen from bovine tendon, forlater associate it with chitosan and calcium phosphate to obtain cements for bone regeneration. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linker in 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 10% concentration. Infrared analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups characteristic of collagen, whereas the capacity of water absorption decreased with the increasing of cross-linking degree. Denaturation temperatures of collagen samples were obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy showed the fiber structure characteristics of collagen, which were more organized for high degree of cross-linking samples.
Effect of Application of the Shot Peening Process in the Corrosion Resistance of the AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Peltz Jefferson da Silva , Antonini Leonardo Marasca , Kunst Sandra Raquel , Ludwig Gustavo Alberto , Fuhr Luciana Taís , Malfatti Celia de Fraga
Published: January 2014

Stainless steels are materials used in specific applications where a good corrosion resistance property combined with high material mechanical resistance are required. The shot peening process has been used in order to improve the mechanical properties of metallic surfaces. Besides, it might has influence on the material electrochemical behavior, depending of the used parameters in the operational process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the shot peening process in the corrosion resistance of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel. Wettability test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization curves have been used in order to evaluate the behavior of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel after the shot peening process. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of shot peening on the surface properties of ferritic stainless steel AISI 430 and correlate them with the reactivity of the surface. The results showed that the shot peening process, contributes to avoid the localized corrosion resistance of the AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel.
Porous Ceramic Structures Obtained from Calcium Carbonate as Pore Generating Agent
Authors: Simão Lisandro , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , Caldato Rafael , Innocentini Murilo Daniel de Mello , da Silva Paula Marcos Marques , Angioletto Elidio , Dal-Bó Alexandre Gonçalves , da Silva Luciano
Published: January 2014

The aim of this work is to present experimental results related to the use of calcium carbonate as pore generating agent. Four compositions containing 20 wt.% of limestone were used and characterized chemically and thermally. Each composition was homogenized in a porcelain ball mill, dried in a laboratory drier, humidified at 7 wt.%, and pressed in an uniaxial hydraulic press. Compacted samples were dried and heat treated with a suitable heating rate for the degasification of calcium carbonate and sintered at 800, 900, and 1050 °C. Sintered samples were characterized to determine the porosity, crystalline phases formed and microstructural features. The results showed that the porosity has increased with the sintering temperature of the compositions increasing due porosity generated by the calcium carbonate degasification and the material expansion.
Chacterization of Tensile Strength Dependence with Diameter of Sponge Gourd Fibers by Weibull Statistical Analysis
Authors: Candido Verônica Scarpini , Oliveira Michel Picanço , de Almeida Gouvêa Raissa , Martins Amanda Luiza Bezerra S. , Monteiro Sérgio Neves
Published: January 2014

Lignocellulosic fibers with relatively unknowns mechanical properties such as those extracted from the sponge gourd, are being investigated as polymer composites reinforcement. The use of natural fibers are related to environmental , technical, economical and social advantages. An important possibility of improving the mechanical properties is the fact that lignocellulosic fibers may present tensile strength inversely correlated with their diameter. Therefore, this possibility was investigated in the present work regarding sponge gourd fibers by means of the Weibull statistic analysis. The results supported a hyperbolic inverse correlation between the strength of sponge gourd fibers with their diameter. Scanning electron microscopy observation of fibers with different diameters revealed possible mechanisms for the strength inverse correlation with diameter.
Cyclospora cayetanensis: This Emerging Protozoan Pathogen in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Vega José T. , Cabrera-Fuentes Héctor A. , Romero-Olmedo Addi J. , Ortiz-Frías José L. , Sokolina Flura , Barreto Guillermo
Published: December 2013

A Mexican airline pilot had clinical manifestations of illness after a five-day stay in Lima, Peru. Six months later in Mexico, he was given a diagnosis of infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis by using coproparasitoscopic serial tests. He was treated twice with nitazoxadine successfully.
Integrating Research, Legal Technical Assistance, and Advocacy to Inform Shared Use Legislation in Mississippi
Authors: Spengler John O. , Frost Natasha R. , Bryant Katherine A.
Published: December 2013

Purpose.

The purpose of this article was to describe the process by which research findings informed the successful passage of legislation designed to increase opportunities for physical activity in Mississippi, and discuss implications and lessons learned from this process.

Design and Setting.

The article is descriptive and conceptual, and addresses the collaborative process by which research, legal technical assistance, and advocacy informed and shaped shared use legislation in Mississippi.

Subjects.

Collaborators informing this article were an Active Living Research grantee, a staff attorney with the Public Health Law Center, the American Heart Association Mississippi Government Relations Director, and community partners.

Results.

The American Heart Association and Public Health Law Center developed policy guidance in the form of sample language for legislation as a starting point for states in determining policy needed to eliminate or reduce barriers to the shared use of school recreational facilities. The policy guidance was informed by evidence from Active Living Research–funded research studies. The American Heart Association, supporting a bill shaped by the policy guidance, led the effort to advocate for successful shared use legislation in Mississippi.

Conclusion.

Research should be policy relevant and properly translated and disseminated. Legal technical assistance should involve collaboration with both researchers and advocates so that policymakers have the information to make evidence-based decisions. Government relations directors should collaborate with legal technical staff to obtain and understand policy guidance relevant to their advocacy efforts. Effective collaborations, with an evidence-based approach, can lead to informed, successful policy change.
Uses of Research Evidence in the State Legislative Process to Promote Active Environments in Minnesota
Authors: Kite Hanna A. , Gollust Sarah E. , Callanan Rachel A. , Weisman Susan R. , Benning Sara J. , Nanney Marilyn S.
Published: December 2013

Purpose.

To describe how research evidence and non–research-based information are used in testimony and other legislative documents used in arguments for and against physical activity–related bills in Minnesota.

Design.

Content analysis

Setting.

Documents and oral testimony archived by the Minnesota State Legislature from 2007 to 2011.

Subjects.

Not applicable.

Measures.

A coding instrument was developed to measure descriptive features of materials (e.g., length, document type) and the presence or absence of certain types of research evidence and non–research-based information.

Analysis.

Frequencies of variables and measures of associations using Pearson χ2 tests. Results. Over a third (36%) of the sample contained research evidence, and 88% of the sample contained non–research-based information. Compared to materials related to physical activity, materials related to built environment were significantly less likely to reference research evidence.

Conclusion.

Despite an abundance of evidence, research evidence was present in only about one-third of the sample. There may be opportunities during legislative discussions on the built environment for obesity-related data to help make the case for sound policies.