bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark Lesions in Dark-Skinned People - Dermatomyositis Diagnostic Challenge: First Report In The Gambia
Authors:   HOD Medicine AIUWA, Senior Internal Medicine Consultant EFSTH, Medicare ltd., Gambia, Cabrera Asmell Ramos , Barzaga Hector Oscar Victoria ,   Consultant Dermatologist. Colombia, Leigh Ousman ,   Pathologist AIUWA. EFSTH, Medicare Ltd., Gambia, Shallop Jennifer ,   Gynecologist Specialist, Medicare Ltd. Gambia., Onyema Onyia ,   General Physician, Medicare Ltd. Gambia, Nwaigwe Chijiokw Ugonna ,   General Physician, Medicare Ltd. Gambia
Published: January 2025

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness and
distinctive skin rashes. Diagnosing DM in black patients can be challenging, as they often experience
disease manifestations that differ, in their clinical expression, from traditional descriptions. Classic
skin signs, such as erythema and Gottron papules, may not be as easily visible on darker skin. In
contrast, chronic changes such as dyschromia and poikiloderma are more prominent. These more
subtle manifestations can lead to delays in diagnosis and misdiagnosis. It is essential that the doctor
be able to include dermatological manifestations as part of the systemic picture, in our case expressed
by respiratory manifestations, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon and muscle weakness. Facilitating the
diagnosis of classic forms. Knowledge of these distinctive features is crucial for physicians to ensure a
timely and accurate diagnosis.
Burnout Prevention Among Millennials in the 21st Century Workforce: A Comprehensive Approach
Authors:   Nebraska Methodist College, United States, Harvey Felicia
Published: January 2025

Burnout among millennials in the 21st-century workforce has become a significant public health
concern, with adverse effects on mental and physical well-being. This manuscript explores the
multifaceted nature of burnout, its contributing factors, and evidence-based strategies for prevention
and intervention tailored for millennials. The study emphasizes the importance of organizational change,
individual coping mechanisms, and societal reforms to mitigate burnout risks. By integrating research
from clinical and medical domains, this manuscript aims to inform policy, guide clinical practice, and
promote effective interventions.
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES ANALYSIS: THE ACCURACY OF INDONESIAN SUBTITLES IN THE GENSHIN IMPACT GAME《原神》
Authors: Mughni Ari Abdul , Delijar Ressi Maulidina
Published: January 2025

The exchange of information between two languages, from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), requires a process known as translation. The translated text is referred to as the translation product, and during its creation, translation techniques are needed to produce an accurate meaning in the target language. Translation occurs across various media, one of which is in video games. Accurate translation provides clear and directed instructions to players for completing game missions. Therefore, this research aims to examine how translation techniques from Mandarin to Indonesian affect the meaning of translations in several mission dialogue clips from the game Genshin Impact. Descriptive qualitative research method is used to analyze this research. The translation product, consisting of mission dialogue sentences from Genshin Impact, serves as the data analyzed. The data are examined with reference to Molina and Albir’s translation technique theory. The results indicate that the choice of translation techniques can influence the meaning of the resulting translation product. In fact, in the Indonesian subtitles of Genshin Impact, some translation techniques used were found to be less suitable, leading to inaccurate translation meanings.
Normative activity in the field of informational legal relations
Authors: Sopilko I. М.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the role and significance of normative activity in the field of informational legal relations. The relevance of the study of rule-making activity in the field of information legal relations lies in the need to solve the problems of the imperfection of the system of information legislation of Ukraine, namely: multiplicity and inconsistency of legal norms; shortcomings of legal technique; low level of legal culture of Ukrainian society and others. In the conditions of full-scale Russian aggression, informational rights and informational legal relations require special attention from the legislator, as they are a condition for the informational security of the state. Under these conditions, there is a need to improve the system of information legislation and its further development in the context of the European integration of Ukraine, the implementation of the norms of European and international information law in the information legislation of Ukraine, as well as the problem of systematization of national information legislation. It is noted that rule-making activity in the field of information legal relations is a form of activity of public authorities, local self-government or civil society (in the cases provided for by law), which is related to the establishment, change, cancellation of norms of information law. Factors determining the improvement of the efficiency of rule-making activity are singled out: dynamic development of information relations that require legal regulation; the inability of the legislative body to foresee all situations in the information sphere, which leads to gaps in information legislation and the need for their quick resolution by issuing separate regulatory acts. The author emphasized that the information legislation of Ukraine needs constant updating and improvement, and the norms of European and international information law need to be implemented in the information legislation of Ukraine. Normative activity in the information sphere requires the formation and identification of specific legal norms and information relations related to the collection, use, dissemination of information and data processing in information systems; legal analysis of the activities of subjects of information relations, problems of providing information services.
Current Status of HIV Worldwide and Potential Threat
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: January 2025

Not Mandatory
Penggunaan Ukrida ChatBot pada Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Karyawan Rumah Sakit Ukrida
Authors: Kartika Ronald Winardi , Liem Jen Fuk , Widjaja Daniel
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Pengambilan data pemeriksaan Kesehatan dengan bantuan kecerdasan buatan sedang dikembangkan. Rumah sakit UKRIDA  sedang mengembangkan sistem Ukrida Chatbot untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses pengambilan data pra-medis (Pra MCU) yang sebelumnya menggunakan Formulir Online. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji literatur yang ada mengenai implementasi Ukrida Chatbot dalam layanan Pra MCU di Rumah Sakit Ukrida. Metode: Pencarian sistematis dilakukan di database jurnal ilmiah, termasuk Scopus, untuk mengidentifikasi penelitian yang terkait dengan penggunaan teknologi digital, khususnya kecerdasan buatan, dalam pengumpulan dan analisis data kesehatan pasien untuk layanan Pra MCU. Referensi yang dipilih mencakup publikasi tentang manfaat, tantangan, dan keberhasilan implementasi sistem serupa di lingkungan layanan kesehatan. Hasil: Tinjauan literatur menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi Rumah Sakit Ukrida dalam pengembangan dan penerapan Ukrida Chatbot telah memberikan beberapa manfaat, seperti peningkatan efisiensi dalam proses pengumpulan data pasien awal, identifikasi awal faktor risiko, dan peningkatan keterlibatan pasien dalam pemantauan kesehatan mereka. Penggunaan teknologi Chatbot di Rumah Sakit Ukrida juga telah berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan program pra MCJ. Kesimpulan: Pengalaman Rumah Sakit Ukrida dalam mengadopsi Ukrida Chatbot dalam pengumpulan data awal pasien pra MCU Karyawan RS UKRIDA
PESTLE Analysis of a Seaplane Transport Network in Greece
Authors: Siskos Dimitrios V. , Maravas Alexander , Mau Ronald
Published: January 2025

Seaplane operations connect remote areas, promote tourism, and provide unique transportation solutions. After many years of preparations, commercial seaplane operations on a network of 100 water airports and 200 waterways in Greece are about to commence. The network can serve the needs of 1.6 million permanent residents of the Greek islands, the inhabitants of the mainland, and over 35 million annual tourists. This paper aims to conduct a PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental) analysis to identify the factors that have delayed operations and those that will affect the success of future operations. As such, 26 factors are examined. It was found that the Greek debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic were impediments to operations. The potential of using electric seaplanes is discussed. Recent developments in using drone inspection capabilities for aviation safety are examined. Management strategies for the Etesian winds and other environmental issues are presented. Overall, seaplane operations have enormous potential, while the Greek economic recovery provides favorable conditions for completing the project. The critical issue determining success is executing a multi-faceted business model to ensure seaplane operations’ financial viability. The network can act in synergy with other modes of transportation to help achieve social cohesion, improve tourism services, and foster economic development.
The Role of Plant DNA Methylation in Development, Stress Response, and Crop Breeding
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Song Wei , Hu Wentao , Wang Fang , Liao Anzhong , Tan Wenfang , Yang Songtao
Published: January 2025

DNA methylation, an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mechanism, is crucial for controlling gene activity and ensuring genomic integrity. Altered methylation patterns can profoundly affect plant development, often resulting in atypical phenotypes. The regulation of these methylation states relies on the coordinated actions of de novo methylation, maintenance, and active demethylation, orchestrated by specialized enzymes within distinct pathways. This review delves into the diverse roles of DNA methylation in plants, offering an in-depth analysis of the enzymes and regulatory factors involved. We explore how these elements function within the broader epigenetic framework, focusing on their contributions to silencing transposable elements, modulating gene expression, and shaping chromatin architecture. The review also examines the significance of DNA methylation in plant development, particularly its role in adapting to biotic and abiotic stresses. Lastly, we highlight its potential for driving innovations in crop breeding, emphasizing its applicability in advancing sustainable agriculture.
Effect of Synthetic and Biological Plant Growth Stimulants and Soil Amendments on the Development of Maize in Various Soil Moisture Conditions
Authors: Grzanka Monika , Sobiech Łukasz , Głowicka-Wołoszyn Romana , Radzikowska-Kujawska Dominika
Published: January 2025

Currently, methods are being sought to reduce the effects of drought. The conducted research tested the effect of potassium polyacrylate, β-cyclocitral, and Rhizophagus irregularis on the development of maize (Zea mays L.). The first of the substances mentioned was mixed with the soil; the others were used as seed dressings. The effect of substances and microorganisms on the height and weight of plants, chlorophyll fluorescence and the gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere was tested in greenhouse conditions. Plant development was tested at optimal soil moisture levels and in drought conditions. Field experiment determined the effect of the abovementioned preparations on the height of maize, the level of grain yield and seed parameters. The hydrothermal index was calculated for the entire vegetative season of plants. All preparations used had a positive effect on the development of test plants. Significant improvement was found for many parameters compared to the control combination plants, including maize weight and grain yield. This was confirmed for various soil moisture conditions. An increase in grain yield was noted by 0.6–1.3 t ha−1 compared to the control. The tested substances and microorganisms may, therefore, be a good solution for protecting plants against the effects of drought.
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): A Review and Proposal for Clinicians
Authors: Sgarabotto Dino , Andretta Elena , Sgarabotto Camilla
Published: January 2025

The pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs), a common problem in the female population, is becoming better understood following recent studies of bacterial persistence and intracellular bacterial communities. Incorporating these new insights, we propose pulsed antibiotic therapy with intracellular activity as a possible treatment for rUTIs.
Purification and Identification of an Antimicrobial Protein from Bacillus stercoris TY-12 and Its Biocontrol Functions Against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Wang Hui , Wei Jianqi , Yang Zhuoqing , Zhou Tao , Zhou Mengdan , Xiao Yujing , Chen Miaofang , Yang Wanrong , Song Gaopeng , Xu Hanhong , Wang Lei
Published: January 2025

Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial pathogen that causes bacterial wilt in plants, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. Biological control that mainly utilizes Bacillus spp. is one of the most effective methods to prevent this disease. In this work, a strain of Bacillus stercoris TY-12 with an obvious antagonism effect on R. solanacearum was screened, and the inhibition diameter against R. solanacearum reached 2.18 cm by the plate antagonism test. Furthermore, an antimicrobial protein was isolated and purified from the fermentation supernatant of TY-12. The LC-MS/MS analysis results indicated that the purified antimicrobial protein is a member of the M42 family metallopeptidase with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa and named MP-TY12. After co-culture with MP-TY12 for 4 h, the cell surface of R. solanacearum was disrupted under SEM, indicating that MP-TY12 may inhibit R. solanacearum growth by enzymatically cleaving peptide bonds within the cell wall or membrane structure via hydrolysis. To evaluate the potential application of TY-12 in disease control during crop production, the biocontrol efficacy of TY-12 on the capsicum infected by R. solanacearum was investigated and achieved 84.18%. The growth promotion tests showed that the dry weight, fresh weight, stem diameter, stem length, root length, and the chlorophyll content of capsicum using TY-12 was obviously increased compared to the blank control. It is suggested that TY-12 could be used as a new biocontrol microbial strain in crop production and MP-TY12 might be developed as an antimicrobial agent.
The Role of the Liver in the Pathophysiology of PCOS: A Literature Review
Authors: Alhermi Abrar , Perks Heather , Nigi Varsha , Altahoo Noor , Atkin Stephen L. , Butler Alexandra E.
Published: January 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder found in women of reproductive age and is characterized by both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. Women with PCOS commonly have insulin resistance, increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased cardiovascular risk, hepatic steatosis, infertility, and an overall reduction in physical and psychological well-being. Several previous studies have shown a causal association between PCOS and hepatic disorders, such as chronic liver disease (CLD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where PCOS was identified as contributing to the hepatic features. Whilst it is recognized that PCOS may contribute to hepatic dysfunction, there is also evidence that the liver may contribute to the features of PCOS. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding regarding hepatic involvement in PCOS pathophysiology, the inflammatory markers and hepatokines involved in the development of PCOS, and the role of genetics in the occurrence of PCOS. This review illustrates that PCOS and NAFLD are both common disorders and that there is both genetic and metabolic linkage between the disorders. As such, whilst PCOS may contribute to NAFLD development, the converse may also be the case, with a potential bidirectional relationship between PCOS and liver disease.
A Critical Success Factors Framework for the Improved Delivery of Social Infrastructure Projects in South Africa
Authors: Rasebotsa Alfred R. , Agumba Justus N. , Adebowale Oluseyi J. , Edwards David J. , Posillico John
Published: January 2025

Social infrastructure projects (SIPs) play a critical role in fostering social and economic development in the public sector. However, SIPs often face significant challenges, partly due to a lack of research on critical success factors (CSFs) specific to these projects. Despite the importance of SIPs, scant research focuses upon enhancing SIPs’ performance. Consequently, a CSF framework is developed for improving the delivery of SIPs in South Africa. Through a quantitative survey of 124 construction professionals, the study identified key factors essential for successful SIPs delivery. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, revealing a significant consensus among infrastructure stakeholders on CSFs needed for successful SIP delivery. Constituent elements of the framework integrate CSFs related to clients, contractors, projects and project management factors; external factors were excluded from the framework due to a lack of supporting evidence. The study offers a practical understanding for infrastructure stakeholders in South Africa to: overcome the challenges that hinder SIPs’ performance; and enhance the SIP delivery processes. Cumulatively, these palpable deliverables contribute to the nation’s social and economic development objectives. While the research is focused on South Africa, the CSFs framework could inform SIP delivery strategies in similar socio-economic and institutional contexts globally. The study reveals that SIP success depends on the identified factors and offers a structured framework for improving project outcomes. The framework highlights CSFs, including effective monitoring and timely decision-making for clients; subcontractor coordination and quality assurance for contractors; economic stability and advanced technology for projects; and team collaboration and expertise utilisation for project management. This systematic approach could enhance effective planning, execution and evaluation of SIPs, leading to more efficient delivery. However, the study’s focus on the Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces limits the generalisability of the findings to other regions with different socio-economic and environmental conditions. Therefore, future research could explore the applicability of this framework in diverse social, political, and geographical contexts.
Spatial Layout Optimization in Urban Renewal Based on Improved NSGAII Algorithm
Authors: Han Xuan , Xia Baishu
Published: January 2025

A multi-objective optimization method based on the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II was proposed to address the problem of spatial layout optimization in urban renewal. The study first constructed an urban spatial layout model with net zero carbon as the core concept, setting three optimization objectives: minimizing net carbon emissions, maximizing regional GDP, and compact utilization of land functions. By introducing the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II for multi-objective optimization of the solution, this algorithm uses fitness non-dominated sorting and crowding distance calculation to maintain population diversity and combined the approximate ideal solution sorting method to improve convergence. The experiment outcomes indicate that the raised algorithm achieves an optimization result of 5.79 × 10−20 in the Rastrigin function and exhibits better uniformity in the distribution of solution values in the ZDT1 function. In terms of urban spatial layout, the optimized scheme has a net carbon emission of 19,821.80 tons, a regional GDP of 2.342367 billion USD, and a compact land function of 5791.93, indicating that the scheme not only effectively controls carbon emissions but also demonstrates the rationality and sustainability of land resource use.
Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of Geopolymer Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Ren Peng , Zhang Weijie , Ye Xiaopeng , Liu Xi
Published: January 2025

In order to study the mechanical properties and stress–strain relationship of geopolymer lightweight aggregate concrete (GLAC), 13 groups of different mix proportions were designed. The influence of the binder ratio, alkali–binder ratio, alkali activator modulus, steel fiber volume content, coarse aggregate volume content, and water–binder ratio on the cube compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and axial compression performance of GLAC was analyzed. The failure process and characteristics of GLAC under axial compression were analyzed, the stress–strain curve of GLAC was obtained, and the calculation model for characteristic points and the piecewise constitutive model of GLAC are proposed. The results show that GLAC has the characteristics of being lightweight and having early strength. The dry apparent density of the prepared concrete is within the range of 1712–1902 kg/m3. The cube compressive strength at 3 days and 7 days can reach 45–85% and 66–98% of the 28-day compressive strength, respectively. The mechanical properties of GLAC increase with the increase of slag content, alkali–binder ratio, and steel fiber volume content, and decrease with the increase of the alkali activator modulus and the coarse aggregate volume content. Moreover, both overly high and overly low water–binder ratios will reduce the strength of GLAC. The failure mode of GLAC is aggregate fracture failure. Incorporating steel fibers can effectively improve the failure mode of the concrete. The proposed calculation model for characteristic points and the constitutive model can predict the axial compression behavior of GLAC relatively accurately.
Advancing Thoracic Surgical Oncology in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Argento Giacomo , Rendina Erino Angelo , Maurizi Giulio
Published: January 2025

The landscape of surgical oncology is rapidly evolving with the advent of precision medicine, driven by breakthroughs in genomics and proteomics. This article explores how integrating molecular data is transforming surgical decision-making and enabling personalized treatment strategies. We examine emerging technologies such as next-generation sequencing, proteomic analysis, and molecular imaging, which provide critical insights into tumor biology and guide surgical interventions. The article also highlights the application of genomic and proteomic data in preoperative planning and the development of personalized resection strategies. Additionally, we will address the current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the need for continuous education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ongoing research to fully realize the potential of precision medicine in thoracic surgical oncology, paving the way for more effective and individualized cancer treatments.
Visual–Inertial Autonomous UAV Navigation in Complex Illumination and Highly Cluttered Under-Canopy Environments
Authors: Zhao Leyang , Wang Weixi , He Qizhi , Yan Li , Li Xiaoming
Published: January 2025

The under-canopy environment, which is inherently inaccessible to humans, necessitates the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for data collection. The implementation of UAV autonomous navigation in such environments faces challenges, including dense obstacles, GNSS signal interference, and varying lighting conditions. This paper introduces a UAV autonomous navigation method specifically designed for under-canopy environments. Initially, image enhancement techniques are integrated with neural network-based visual feature extraction. Subsequently, employs a high-dimensional error-state optimizer coupled with a low-dimensional height filter to achieve high-precision localization of the UAV in under-canopy environments. Furthermore, proposes a boundary sampling autonomous exploration algorithm and an advanced Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT) path planning algorithm. The objective is to enhance the reliability and safety of UAV operations beneath the forest canopy, thereby establishing a technical foundation for surveying vertically stratified natural resources.
Federated Learning-Based Equipment Fault-Detection Algorithm
Authors: Han Jiale , Zhang Xuesong , Xie Zhiqiang , Zhou Wei , Tan Zhenjiang
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of imbalanced distribution in equipment fault data, this paper proposes an improved FedAvg aggregation algorithm. By dynamically adjusting aggregation weights, it ensures the adaptability of fault data weights across different distribution dimensions during the aggregation process. The algorithm first introduces a contribution mechanism and then combines the contribution degree of each client with the weight of their dataset for model aggregation, resulting in the FedAvg-ContribData algorithm. Experimental data demonstrate that, compared to FedAvg and FedAvg-Data algorithms, our proposed algorithm improves accuracy by 39.7% and 7.9%, precision by 40.4% and 9.1%, recall rate by 41.0% and 7.8%, and F1 score by 46.6% and 9.3%.
Control Strategy for DC Micro-Grids in Heat Pump Applications with Renewable Integration
Authors: Nzoundja Fapi Claude Bertin , Touré Mohamed Lamine , Camara Mamadou-Baïlo , Dakyo Brayima
Published: January 2025

DC micro-grids are emerging as a promising solution for efficiently integrating renewable energy into power systems. These systems offer increased flexibility and enhanced energy management, making them ideal for applications such as heat pump (HP) systems. However, the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources with optimal energy management in these micro-grids poses significant challenges. This paper proposes a novel control strategy designed specifically to improve the performance of DC micro-grids. The strategy enhances energy management by leveraging an environmental mission profile that includes real-time measurements for energy generation and heat pump performance evaluation. This micro-grid application for heat pumps integrates photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind generators (WGs), DC-DC converters, and battery energy storage (BS) systems. The proposed control strategy employs an intelligent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach that uses optimization algorithms to finely adjust interactions among the subsystems, including renewable energy sources, storage batteries, and the load (heat pump). The main objective of this strategy is to maximize energy production, improve system stability, and reduce operating costs. To achieve this, it considers factors such as heating and cooling demand, power fluctuations from renewable sources, and the MPPT requirements of the PV system. Simulations over one year, based on real meteorological data (average irradiance of 500 W/m2, average annual wind speed of 5 m/s, temperatures between 2 and 27 °C), and carried out with Matlab/Simulink R2022a, have shown that the proposed model predictive control (MPC) strategy significantly improves the performance of DC micro-grids, particularly for heat pump applications. This strategy ensures a stable DC bus voltage (±1% around 500 V) and maintains the state of charge (SoC) of batteries between 40% and 78%, extending their service life by 20%. Compared with conventional methods, it improves energy efficiency by 15%, reduces operating costs by 30%, and cuts CO2; emissions by 25%. By incorporating this control strategy, DC micro-grids offer a sustainable and reliable solution for heat pump applications, contributing to the transition towards a cleaner and more resilient energy system. This approach also opens new possibilities for renewable energy integration into power grids, providing intelligent and efficient energy management at the local level.
Influence of the Spray Swirl Flow on the Gas–Liquid Interfacial Area Morphology: Multiparametric Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Ligus Grzegorz , Wasilewska Barbara , Krok Marek , Pałys-Żyta Laura
Published: January 2025

In this study, the authors carried out a multiparametric assessment of the influence of swirl patterns during aerosol flow on the shape of the interfacial area that forms the cone based on data obtained from experimental measurements using the PIV and LLS methods. The results were correlated with the disinfection process occurring in the near and far fields of the aerosol (direct surface disinfection and volume fogging). In this study, parameters such as turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), swirl strength (SS), pressure fields, and Sauter mean diameter (d32) are used to investigate the relationship between aerosol spray morphology and flow dynamics under different operating conditions. Three different geometrical settings of the aerosol-generating system and two different pressures corresponding to the air supply to the spray nozzle have been adopted. By evaluating the results obtained, the influence of each parameter on the formation of the aerosol displacement trajectory, the stabilization of the spray cone, and its degradation was identified. The shape of the boundary between the dynamically moving aerosol and the surrounding air was also evaluated. The conditions for swirling and straight-line flows within the aerosol cone, and, thus, the conditions for the volumetric development of swirling phenomena, were further clarified.
Xenia Effect on Nutritional and Flavor Components of ‘Jingbaili’ Pear
Authors: Qiao Yaxun , Yu Wenjie , Li Keju , Cao Jingze , Zhu Jie , Wang Qiuning , Zhao Jiaqi , Wang Yunping , Luo Liping , Li Jinwang , Ning Fangjian
Published: January 2025

The ‘Jingbaili’ pear is a national geographical indication product of China, featuring an oblate shape and being rich in nutrients. But the quality of the ‘Jingbaili’ pear is unstable. Xenia can cause changes in the quality of pears, but the effect of xenia on the ‘Jingbaili’ pear is unknown, and its mechanism is still unclear. In order to clarify the effect of pollination on the fruit quality of the ’Jingbaili’ pear, this research pollinated ‘Jingbaili’ pear flowers with the pollen of ‘Yali’ (JY), ‘Suli’ (JS) and ‘Huangli’ (JH). The results indicated that the mass, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of the JY group were significantly higher than the JS group and JH group. On the other hand, the pears of the JY group and JS group obtained higher soluble sugar content. The aroma content of characteristic compounds was higher in the JY group than in the JS group and JH group. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the nonvolatile metabolites among the JY group, JS group and JH group, potentially explaining the variations in the nutritional and flavor compounds of the pears. Furthermore, this research investigated metabolic changes in the pears during development and ripening under the three types of pollination. The results showed that amino acid metabolism differed among these pollination types during development. These differences may be the cause of the observed variations in the pears. This research clarified the effect of xenia on the nutritional components and flavor substances in the ‘Jingbaili’ pear and could provide data support for improving the quality of the ‘Jingbaili’ pear.
Effect of Geographic Regions on the Flavor Quality and Non-Volatile Compounds of Chinese Matcha
Authors: Cui Hongchun , Zhao Yun , Li Hongli , Ye Min , Yu Jizhong , Zhang Jianyong
Published: January 2025

Matcha is a very popular tea food around the world, being widely used in the food, beverage, health food, and cosmetic industries, among others. At present, matcha shade covering methods, matcha superfine powder processing technology, and digital evaluations of matcha flavor quality are receiving research attention. However, research on the differences in flavor and quality characteristics of matcha from the same tea tree variety from different typical regions in China is relatively weak and urgently required. Taking Japan Shizuoka matcha (R) as a reference, the differences in sensory quality characteristics and non-volatile substances of matcha processed with the same tea variety from different regions in China were analyzed. The samples were China Hangzhou matcha (Z1), China Wuyi matcha (Z2), China Enshi matcha (H), and China Tongren matcha (G), which represent the typical matcha of eastern, central, and western China. A total of 1131 differential metabolites were identified in the matcha samples, comprising 118 flavonoids, 14 tannins, 365 organic acids, 42 phenolic acids, 22 alkaloids, 39 saccharides, 208 amino acids and derivatives, 17 lignans and coumarins, seven quinones, 44 nucleotides and derivatives, 14 glycerophospholipids, two glycolipids, 15 alcohols and amines, 140 benzenes and substituted derivatives, 38 terpenoids, 30 heterocyclic compounds, and 15 lipids. Kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside, 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin were detected in Z1, Z2, H, and G. A total of 1243 metabolites differed among Z1, Z2, and R. A total of 1617 metabolites differed among G, H, and R. The content of non-volatile difference metabolites of Z2 was higher than that of Z1. The content of non-volatile difference metabolites of G was higher than that of H. The 20 key differential non-volatile metabolites of Z1, Z2, G, and H were screened out separately. The types of non-volatile flavor differential metabolites of G and H were more numerous than those of Z1 and Z2. The metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of co-factors, flavonoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites, and purine metabolism of metabolic pathways were the main KEGG pathways. This study provides new insights into the differences in metabolite profiles among typical Chinese matcha geographic regions with the same tea variety.
Impact of Enzyme–Microbe Combined Fermentation on the Safety and Quality of Soy Paste Fermented with Grass Carp By-Products
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Zihan , Lin Xinping , Zhang Sufang , Ji Chaofan
Published: January 2025

Freshwater fish processing produces 30–70% nutrient-rich by-products, often discarded or undervalued. Grass carp by-products, rich in protein, offer potential as raw materials for fermented seasonings. This study explores the use of these by-products—specifically, minced fish and fish skin—in soybean fermentation to evaluate their effects on the quality of the resulting seasonings. Tetragenococcus halophilus was used as a starter culture alongside food-grade protease to assess their combined impact on the safety and flavor of soy fish paste and soy fish skin paste. The findings revealed that natural fermentation resulted in higher protein hydrolysis in soy fish skin paste compared to soy fish paste. Across all fermentation conditions, amino acid nitrogen levels increased, while total volatile basic nitrogen levels decreased in both pastes, indicating improved quality. Additionally, microbial fermentation significantly reduced biogenic amine content in soy fish paste, enhancing safety. Enzymatic fermentation further enriched the flavor of both pastes by boosting key compounds such as 2-methylbutanal and ethyl acetate. Notably, enzyme-microbe co-fermentation harnessed the strengths of both methods, achieving improved safety and enhanced flavor profiles while elevating overall product quality. These findings suggest a promising way to transform freshwater fish by-products into high-value condiments, advancing sustainable food processing.
Asymmetric Information and Credit Rationing in a Model of Search
Authors: Selcuk Cemil
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a competitive search model focusing on the impact of asymmetric information on credit markets. We show that limited entry by lenders results in endogenous credit rationing, which, in turn, plays a key role in managing adverse selection and prevents the credit market from collapsing.
The Plethora of RNA–Protein Interactions Model a Basis for RNA Therapies
Authors: Dansereau Stephen J. , Cui Hua , Dartawan Ricky P. , Sheng Jia
Published: January 2025

The notion of RNA-based therapeutics has gained wide attractions in both academic and commercial institutions. RNA is a polymer of nucleic acids that has been proven to be impressively versatile, dating to its hypothesized RNA World origins, evidenced by its enzymatic roles in facilitating DNA replication, mRNA decay, and protein synthesis. This is underscored through the activities of riboswitches, spliceosomes, ribosomes, and telomerases. Given its broad range of interactions within the cell, RNA can be targeted by a therapeutic or modified as a pharmacologic scaffold for diseases such as nucleotide repeat disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer. RNA therapeutic techniques that have been researched include, but are not limited to, CRISPR/Cas gene editing, anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNA, small molecule treatments, and RNA aptamers. The knowledge gleaned from studying RNA-centric mechanisms will inevitably improve the design of RNA-based therapeutics. Building on this understanding, we explore the physiological diversity of RNA functions, examine specific dysfunctions, such as splicing errors and viral interactions, and discuss their therapeutic implications.
Exploring Patient Activation and Compliance in Patients with Different Rheumatological Disorders
Authors: Almalag Haya M. , Alosaimi Nora , Alqahtani Reem , Alharbi Rahaf , Alarfaj Abdulrahman S. , Omair Mohammed A. , Bedaiwi Mohamed , Qurtas Iman , Almaghlouth Ibrahim , Alsabhan Jawza F. , Alsuwayni Bashayr , Juffali Lobna Al
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to assess patient activation using patient activation measure 13 (PAM-13) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and axial spondyloarthritis (axSPA). Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with three rheumatological conditions (SLE, PsA, and axSPA). Patients were contacted either at the clinic or through social media platforms. Data, including demographics, PAM 13, Arabic compliance questionnaire for rheumatology (ACQR), and disease-related activity scores, were collected electronically. The analyses included Chi-squared tests, linear regression, and binary logistic regression. Results: Overall, 418 patients were recruited (SLE = 323, PsA = 65, and axSPA = 30), with a mean (±SD) age of 42 ± 11 years and a female predominance (88%). PAM-13 scores did not significantly differ between the rheumatological disorders. Patients with axSPA showed significantly higher compliance than those with SLE or PsA (p = 0.012). In regression models, patients with PsA were more likely to be in activation level 1, with an OR of 2.890 (95% CI: 1.044–8.000, p = 0.0041), whereas patients with axSPA were more likely to be in activation level 4, with an OR of 2.460 (95% CI: 1.122–5.393, p = 0.025). The SLEDAI score was inversely related to the PAM-13 score (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = −0.221, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study explored the levels of activation and medication compliance in different rheumatological conditions. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the challenges and opportunities for improving compliance and activation.
Examining the Impact of Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance Factors on Long-Term Financial Stability of the European Financial Institutions: Dynamic Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects
Authors: Zournatzidou Georgia , Ragazou Konstantina , Sklavos George , Sariannidis Nikolaos
Published: January 2025

Modern economies are progressively acknowledging the need to assess environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) elements to identify possible risks and possibilities. The financial sector, exerting significant influence over the economy, is essential for sustaining economic stability via the lending mechanism. Our study focuses on examining the influence of ESG factors on the financial stability of European financial institutions. To attain this goal, we utilized fixed-effects and random-effects dynamic panel models, analyzing 352 financial institutions across many European nations from 2019 to 2021. The study’s findings reveal a complex scenario. The findings indicate that ethical and corporate responsibility practices significantly impact the financial performance of European financial institutions. Nonetheless, the execution of policies pertaining to ESG ethics seems markedly inadequate. Our research reveals substantial evidence of a direct correlation between ethical practices and profit stability, diverging from other studies. This newly established group directly influences the financial performance of financial institutions in Europe. These findings enhance the comprehension of the interaction between ESG variables and financial stability, illuminating both the beneficial effects and the current deficiencies in ethical behaviors within the European banking sector.
Physical Exercise: A Promising Treatment Against Organ Fibrosis
Authors: Ma Xiaojie , Liu Bing , Jiang Ziming , Rao Zhijian , Zheng Lifang
Published: January 2025

Fibrosis represents a terminal pathological manifestation encountered in numerous chronic diseases. The process involves the persistent infiltration of inflammatory cells, the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) within damaged tissues, all of which are characteristic features of organ fibrosis. Extensive documentation exists on fibrosis occurrence in vital organs such as the liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, and skeletal muscles, elucidating its underlying pathological mechanisms. Regular exercise is known to confer health benefits through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects. Notably, exercise exerts anti-fibrotic effects by modulating multiple pathways, including transforming growth factor-β1/small mother decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β1/Samd), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), reactive oxygen species (ROS), microRNAs (miR-126, miR-29a, miR-101a), and exerkine (FGF21, irisin, FSTL1, and CHI3L1). Therefore, this paper aims to review the specific role and molecular mechanisms of exercise as a potential intervention to ameliorate organ fibrosis.
Preanalytical Considerations of Handling Suspected Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Specimens Within the Clinical Pathology Laboratories: A Survey-Based Approach
Authors: Stephan Carla , Kalomeris Taylor , Li Yaxin , Kubiak Jeffrey , Racine-Brzostek Sabrina , SahBandar Ivo , Zhao Zhen , Cushing Melissa M. , Yang He S.
Published: January 2025

Background: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal, and transmissible neurodegenerative disorder caused by prion proteins. Handling specimens from individuals with suspected or confirmed cases presents a safety challenge to hospital workers including clinical laboratory staff. As no national guidelines exist, the clinical pathology laboratory must establish protocols for handling these specimens to ensure sufficient protective measures. This study aims to explore how various medical institutions manage CJD specimens, as a first step toward developing standardized preanalytical protocols for safe specimen handling by health care professionals. Methods: An electronic survey was generated and disseminated to diplomats of the American Board of Clinical Chemistry and was posted on the Listserv platform of the American Society for Microbiology and the Artery forum of the Association for Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine. The survey evaluated various procedures and precautions implemented, the nature of the specimens processed, and whether they are processed in-house or sent to reference laboratories. Results: A total of 49 responses were collected. Most respondents (64%) noted their laboratories process specimens with a clinical suspicion of CJD regardless of the level of suspicion, 13% handled specimens only if the degree of suspicion was low, and 16% did not process specimens in-house at all. Among those who process CJD specimens, practices varied greatly, including different levels of precautions, use of biological safety cabinets, aliquoting, disposal, and disinfection procedures. Conclusions: A lack of standardization across laboratories exists for the handling of specimens of patients with suspected CJD. This study summarizes the approaches reported by survey respondents, providing a rationale for developing protocols for the safe handling of these specimens and highlighting the need to develop uniform universal standardized processing procedures.
The Spine Lengthens During Walking in Healthy Participants, with Age-Related Changes in Kinematic Parameters
Authors: Frigo Carlo Albino , Favata Alessandra , Camuncoli Federica , Farinelli Veronica , Kiekens Carlotte , Malfitano Calogero , Palmisano Chiara , Negrini Stefano
Published: January 2025

Background: While the importance of the upper and lower limbs in locomotion is well understood, the kinematics of the trunk during walking remains largely unexplored. Two decades ago, a casual observation was reported indicating spine lengthening in a small sample of mostly children during walking, but this observation was never replicated. Objectives: This study aims to verify the preliminary observation that spine lengthening occurs during walking and to explore changes in spine kinematics across three different age groups. Methods: A convenience sample of 45 healthy participants was divided into three groups of 15 individuals each: children (ages 5 to 13), young adults (ages 18 to 30), and older adults (ages 50 to 70). The spinal length, defined as the distance between C7 and the coccyx, and other kinematic parameters were analyzed using a motion analysis system while participants stood and walked standing and walking at their natural cadence. Results: In all groups, the length of the spine increased while walking compared to standing. This change was primarily due to a reduction in the inferior spinal angle, which is associated with lumbar lordosis, rather than a change in the superior spinal angle, which is related to thoracic kyphosis. The average change in spinal length during the walking cycle was approximately 7% in children, while it was only about 1% in adults. We also found a reduction in the range of motion for almost all the variables in adults. Conclusions: The increase in the spinal length during walking is related to a reduction in the physiological spine curve. This occurs due to muscle contractions which are needed to stabilize the locomotor system. As people age, the reduction in spinal length changes is associated with decreased spinal mobility and to a natural tendency toward anterior trunk flexion.