bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Nursing Students, Registered Nurses, and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses’ Interest in Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree Programs
Authors: Jones Michaela , Taylor Amy Rose
Published: May 2015

This pilot study explored nursing students, registered nurses (RN), RNs enrolled in master’s degree programs focused on advanced practice registered nurse roles, and master’s prepared nurse practitioners’ interest in attending a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree program. There were 666 persons who responded to the 23-item web-based, multiple-choice questionnaire. Of those who responded to specific questions, 76% of participants were aware of the different types of DNP programs, and 73% were considering a DNP degree. More than half of all respondents were considering the degree to advance their careers. Of those who were considering pursuing the degree, 74% were most interested in a clinically focused program to expand or improve their clinical diagnosis and management skills. Overall cost and school reputation were the most important factors for choosing a program. Further research is needed to understand reasons and influencing factors that are associated with potential applicants’ interest in pursuing this degree and the types of programs they would choose to attend.
Integrating Cover Crops for Nitrogen Management in Corn Systems on Northeastern U.S. Dairies
Authors: Ketterings Quirine M. , Swink Sheryl N. , Duiker Sjoerd W. , Czymmek Karl J. , Beegle Douglas B. , Cox William J.
Published: May 2015

Northeastern U.S. (New York, Pennsylvania, and New England states) dairy farmers are increasingly interested in improving soil health, nutrient sequestration, and dry matter production. Consequently, farmers ask about managing winter cover crops (WCCs) in corn silage (Zea mays L.) rotations. In this literature review we identify WCCs most suitable to the Northeast, and summarize studies on (i) fall and spring N accumulation, (ii) nitrogen fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) for the next corn crop, and (3) environmental and management variables that affect N uptake and NFRV. We also discuss the literature on use of WCCs as forage commodity crops. Overwintering species most suitable for corn silage rotations are wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.). Clover (Trifolium spp.) and vetch (Vicia spp.) can add N but require inter‐seeding in the Northeast. The NFRV for vetch typically exceeds that of clover, while the NFRVs of winter cereals tend to be low or negative. A few studies suggest cover crop termination with herbicides compared to tillage incorporation can, when no fertilizer N or manure is added, result in slower decomposition and more gradual N release. Research on the effects of tillage on NFRVs of cover crops is inconclusive. When seeded after corn silage, cereal rye is most effective in N uptake in fall and spring. A corn rotation that includes cereal rye or triticale that can be harvested has the potential to reduce soil erosion, capture residual N, increase annual forage yields, and provide quality forage.
Biomass Quality of Brassica Oilseed Crops in Response to Sulfur Fertilization
Authors: Jankowski Krzysztof J. , Budzyński Wojciech S. , Kijewski Łukasz , Zając Tadeusz
Published: May 2015

Rapeseed [Brassica napus (L.)], white mustard [Sinapis alba (L.)], and Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss] belong to the family Brassicaceae. These crop species synthesize substantial amounts of fat, protein, and glucosinolates (GLS). Brassica species can differ in their concentrations of fat, protein, and GLS in response to S fertilization. Plant material for chemical analyses was harvested from a field experiment conducted in northeastern Poland in 2005 to 2008. The examined species of oilseed crops were fertilized or not fertilized with S applied to soil at optimal rates for each species based on S uptake and forecast seed yield. On average, S fertilization increased seed yield of oilseed crops by 8%, but it did not induce significant differences in the concentrations of fat and protein in seeds. Sulfur fertilization increased total GLS concentrations by 0.22 and 0.27 µmol g−1 dry matter (DM) in the root residues of white mustard and Indian mustard, respectively, and by 0.52 µmol g−1 DM in winter rapeseed. Total GLS concentration in winter rapeseed straw decreased by 0.18 µmol g−1 DM with S application. In white mustard straw, S fertilization increased total GLS concentration by 0.27 µmol g−1 DM. Sulfur fertilization increased total GLS concentrations in the seeds of spring rapeseed, white mustard and Indian mustard by 11.43, 41.75 and 32.05 µmol g−1 DM, respectively. Sulfur fertilization has a significant effect on the seed yield and biomass quality of oilseed crops of the family Brassicaceae.
Temperature Dependence of Organic Matter Solubility: Influence of Biodegradation during Soil‐Water Extraction
Authors: Curtin Denis , Beare Michael H. , Qiu Weiwen , Chantigny Martin H.
Published: May 2015

Water‐extractable organic matter has been shown to increase as temperature increases (from 20 to 80°C), with the rate of increase being soil dependent. We examined whether biodegradation during overnight soil‐water extraction may influence the temperature response of extractable C and N. Dissolved organic N (DON) and C (DOC), and NH4–N were determined after 16 h of soil‐water extraction at either 80 or 50°C (previous work in our laboratory suggested that biodegradation in soil‐water suspensions peaks at ∼50°C). For both DOC and DON, there were large differences among soils in their temperature responses (e.g., the increase in DON between 50 and 80°C ranged from 29 to 148 mg kg−1). More NH4–N was generated at 50 than at 80°C. Ammonium N produced at 50°C was largely attributable to mineralization (it was almost eliminated when microbial activity was suppressed by extracting with 2 mol L−1 KCl at 50°C). The small amounts of NH4–N found at 80°C were probably of abiotic origin (e.g., thermal degradation of soil organic N). Our results suggested that dissolved organic matter (DOM) was mineralized during the 50°C extraction. The release of DOM was thus underestimated at 50°C and, as a consequence, the temperature response of DOM between 50 and 80°C was overestimated (mineralization at 50°C accounted for most of the variability in the temperature response of DOM). We conclude that the temperature response of DOM can be affected by biodegradation during extraction and that an extraction at 80°C has the important merit that biodegradation during extraction should be negligible.
Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions and Sugar Beet Sucrose Yield in Furrow‐Irrigated Agroecosystems
Authors: Hurisso Tunsisa T. , Norton Jay B. , Mukhwana Eusebius J. , Norton Urszula
Published: May 2015

Soil organic matter (SOM) fractions were determined using extraction‐, incubation‐, and density‐based fractionation techniques on samples collected from a range of furrow‐irrigated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) based rotations on the same soil series on farmers' fields in Wyoming. We hypothesized that extending the period of time between sugar beet crops in rotations beyond the 2‐yr sugar beet–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (SB‐BA) rotation by adding perennial or annual legumes would lead to higher levels of surface‐soil (0–15‐cm) organic C and N. Four rotations were compared: SB‐BA, sugar beet–dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (SB‐DB), sugar beet–barley–dry bean (SB‐BA‐DB), and sugar beet–sugar beet–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–alfalfa (SB‐SB‐Alf‐Alf). Soils under SB‐BA and SB‐DB rotations on average contained 607 g soil organic C (SOC) m−2 in the upper 15 cm, or 46% of the SOC found within SB‐BA‐DB and SB‐SB‐Alf‐Alf soils. Potentially mineralizable C and N and microbial biomass C (MBC) were lower in SB‐BA and SB‐DB soils than SB‐BA‐DB and SB‐SB‐Alf‐Alf soils, but, when normalized by SOC and total soil N (TSN), these labile C and N fractions were >1.5 times higher in SB‐BA and SB‐DB soils, suggesting greater SOM mineralization. Moreover, light‐fraction C in SB‐BA and SB‐DB soils was about half that of SB‐SB‐Alf‐Alf soils. Sugar beet sucrose yield was also higher in the SB‐SB‐Alf‐Alf than any other rotation. There were strong linear relationships (r2 = 0.50–0.84) between sugar beet sucrose yield and TSN, SOC, and MBC across all four rotations. To conserve high surface‐soil organic C and N fractions on furrow‐irrigated farm fields without sacrificing sugar beet sucrose yield, extending the 2‐yr SB‐BA rotation by adding 2 yr of alfalfa is recommended.
Age, growth and mortality of poor cod (Trisopterus minutus L.) from the eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Santic Mate , Pallaoro Armin , Mikulandra Ivana , Radja Biljana , Jardas Ivan
Published: May 2015

The age, growth and mortality parameters for poor cod, Trisopterus minutus,
from the eastern Adriatic were analyzed. Samples were collected monthly from
January to December 2009 on a random basis, with a total of 1200 specimens
analyzed (885 females and 315 males). The values of parameter b (the exponent
of the arithmetic form of length-weight relationships) of males (2.97),
females (3.01) and total sample (2.99) indicated isometric growth. Fish aged
1-6 years were present in the samples, including a high proportion of
2-year-old individuals. The oldest female was estimated to be 6 years old,
while the oldest male was 5. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L? =
26.81, K = 0.186, and to = 1.41 for males; L? = 29.5, K = 0.197, and to =
1.33 for females; L? = 28.76, K = 0.194, and to = 1.34 for all specimens.
This study revealed that poor cod is a relatively slow-growing fish with
intensive growth during the first two years of life. Total and natural
mortality were Z = 1.01 year-1 and M = 0.50 year-1, respectively. The
exploitation rate, E = 0.50, revealed a high fishing pressure on the stock in
the studied area.
Relationship of hepatotoxicity and the target tissue dose of decabrominated diphenyl ether in subacutely exposed Wistar rats
Authors: Curcic Marijana , Tanaskovic Sladjana , Stankovic Sanja , Jankovic Sasa , Antunovic Marko , Djordjevic Snezana , Kilibarda Vesna , Vucinic Slavica , Antonijevic Biljana
Published: May 2015

Background/Aim. Based on numerous studies in animals, the most prominent
toxic effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) are observed in the
liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis, reproductive and nervous systems. BDE-209
exhibits its toxic effects partly through the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor
and consequent induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. The aim of this study
was to assess the hepatotoxic effect vs target tissue dose of BDE-209 in the
subacutely orally exposed Wistar rats. Methods. Effects were examined on male
Wistar rats, weighing 200-240 g, exposed to doses of 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 mg
BDE-209/kg body weight (bw)/day by gavage during 28 days. Animals were
treated according to the decision of the Ethics Committee of the Military
Medical Academy, No 9667-1/2011. Evaluation of the hepatotoxic effect was
based on: relative liver weight water and food intake, biochemical parameters
of liver function [aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gama glutamyl transferase
(?-GT)], and oxidative stress parameters in liver homogenates
[malondialdehiyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), -SH] and morphological
and pathohistological changes in the liver. For the assessment of internal
dose - response relationship, lower confidence limit of Benchmark dose (BMDL)
of 5% or 10% i.e. BMDL5 or BMDL10, were calculated using PROAST software.
Results. After the application of 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 mg BDE-209/kg bw/day,
the concentrations of BDE-209 measured in liver were 0.269, 0.569 and 0.859
mg/kg of liver wet weight, (ww) respectively. Internal doses correlated with
external (r = 0.972; p < 0.05) according to equation: internal dose (mg
BDE-209/kg of liver ww) = 0.0002 x external dose (mg/kg bw/day) + 0.0622.
Hepato-toxicity was demonstrated based on significant increase in AST and
?-GT activities and the degree of histopathological changes. The lowest BMDL5
of 0.07228 mg BDE-209/kg of liver ww, correlating to external dose of 39
mg/kg/day, indicated the increase of AST activity as the most sensitive
biomarker of BDE-209 hepatotoxicity in subacutely exposed rats. Conclusion.
The results of the present work add up to the issue of BDE-209 toxicity
profile with a focus on relationship between internal dose and
hepatotoxicity. Critical internal dose for the effect on AST of 0.07 mg/kg of
liver ww, corresponding to external dose of 39 mg/kg/day, is the lowest dose
ever observed among the studies on BDE-209 hepatotoxicity. For the persistent
substances with low absorption rate such as BDE-209, critical effect based on
internal dose in majority of cases is considered as more precisely defined
than the effect established based on external dose, particularly.
A case of tooth autotransplantation after long-term cryopreservation using a programmed freezer with a magnetic field
Authors: Kaku Masato , Shimasue Hiroshi , Ohtani Junji , Kojima Shunichi , Sumi Hiromi , Shikata Hanaka , Kojima Shotoku , Motokawa Masahide , Abonti Tahsin Raquib , Kawata Toshitsugu , Tanne Kazuo , Tanimoto Kotaro
Published: May 2015

This case report describes the treatment of a skeletal Class III malocclusion with autotransplantation of a cryopreserved tooth. To gain an esthetic facial profile and good occlusion, extraction of bimaxillary premolars and surgical therapy were chosen. The patient had chronic apical periodontitis on the lower left first molar. Although she did not feel any pain in that region, the tooth was considered to have a poor prognosis. Therefore, we cryopreserved the extracted premolars to prepare for autotransplantation in the lower first molar area because the tooth would probably need to be removed in the future. The teeth were frozen by a programmed freezer with a magnetic field (CAS freezer) that was developed for tissue cryopreservation and were cryopreserved in −150°C deep freezer. After 1.5 years of presurgical orthodontic treatment, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed for mandible setback. Improvement of the facial profile and the occlusion were achieved in the retention phase. Six years after the initial visit, the patient had pain on the lower left first molar, and discharge of pus was observed, so we extracted the lower left first molar and autotransplanted the cryopreserved premolar. Three years later, healthy periodontium was observed at the autotransplanted tooth. This case report suggests that long-term cryopreservation of teeth by a CAS freezer is useful for later autotransplantation, and this can be a viable technique to replace missing teeth.
Atypical Marginal Zone Hyperplasia is a Mimic for Lymphoma in Pediatric Transplant Recipients: Report of Two Patients
Authors: Caltharp Shelley A. , Qayed Muna , Park Sunita I.
Published: May 2015

Atypical marginal zone hyperplasia (AMZH) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) closely resembles lymphoma in that it shows expansion of the marginal zones with prominent intraepithelial B lymphocytes, is immunoglobulin light-chain restricted, and may show aberrant CD43 expression. However, unlike lymphoma, it does not show rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (immunoglobulin H [IgH]) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and it behaves in a benign fashion. We identified AMZH in 2 pediatric solid organ transplant recipients who presented with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. To date, the patients have experienced a self-limited course in the absence of treatment or reduction of immunosuppression. Atypical marginal zone hyperplasia is a pitfall for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder and MALT lymphoma in the pediatric solid organ transplant population. In transplant patients with a lambda-restricted B-cell clone and marginal zone hyperplasia in native MALT sites, PCR for IgH and IgK gene rearrangement is essential to prevent misdiagnosis.
Romanian Species of Lucanids (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) in the Collections of “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History
Authors: Stan Melania
Published: May 2015

The seven species of stag beetles of the Romanian fauna are present in the coleopteran collection of the Museum: Aesalus scarabaeoides scarabaeoides (Panzer), Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth), Sinodendron cylindricum (Linnaeus), Lucanus cervus cervus (Linnaeus), Platycerus caraboides caraboides (Linnaeus), Platycerus caprea (De Geer) and Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus). Information on the collecting data and distribution maps are given for each species. We present the male and female habitus for the two species of Platycerus.
Addressing Neuroplastic Changes in Distributed Areas of the Nervous System Associated With Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Pelletier René , Higgins Johanne , Bourbonnais Daniel
Published: May 2015

Present interventions utilized in musculoskeletal rehabilitation are guided, in large part, by a biomedical model where peripheral structural injury is believed to be the sole driver of the disorder. There are, however, neurophysiological changes across different areas of the peripheral and central nervous systems, including peripheral receptors, dorsal horn of the spinal cord, brain stem, sensorimotor cortical areas, and the mesolimbic and prefrontal areas associated with chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis, and tendon injuries. These neurophysiological changes appear not only to be a consequence of peripheral structural injury but also to play a part in the pathophysiology of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Neurophysiological changes are consistent with a biopsychosocial formulation reflecting the underlying mechanisms associated with sensory and motor findings, psychological traits, and perceptual changes associated with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. These changes, therefore, have important implications in the clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal rehabilitation professionals have at their disposal tools to address these neuroplastic changes, including top-down cognitive-based interventions (eg, education, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness meditation, motor imagery) and bottom-up physical interventions (eg, motor learning, peripheral sensory stimulation, manual therapy) that induce neuroplastic changes across distributed areas of the nervous system and affect outcomes in patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, novel approaches such as the use of transcranial direct current stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be utilized to help renormalize neurological function. Comprehensive treatment addressing peripheral structural injury as well as neurophysiological changes occurring across distributed areas of the nervous system may help to improve outcomes in patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders.
Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2015

Journal of Scientific Research (JSR) is committed to maintaining the highest ethical standards. In order to ensure the outcome of providing our readers with an academic journal of high quality, JSR is guided by standard publication Ethics (These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies and COPEs Best Practice Guidelines forJournal Editors).
Numerical Solution of Turbulence Problems by Solving Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Cordero Alicia , Franques Antonio , Torregrosa Juan
Published: May 2015

In this work we generate the numerical solutions of Burgers’ equation by applying the Crank-Nicholson method and different schemes for solving nonlinear systems, instead of using Hopf-Cole transformation to reduce Burgers’ equation into the linear heat equation. The method is analyzed on two test problems in order to check its efficiency on different kinds of initial conditions. Numerical solutions as well as exact solutions for different values of viscosity are calculated, concluding that the numerical results are very close to the exact solution.
Kolmogorov Complexity Based Information Measures Applied to the Analysis of Different River Flow Regimes
Authors: Mihailović Dragutin , Mimić Gordan , Drešković Nusret , Arsenić Ilija
Published: May 2015

We have used the Kolmogorov complexities and the Kolmogorov complexity spectrum to quantify the randomness degree in river flow time series of seven rivers with different regimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing their different type of courses, for the period 1965–1986. In particular, we have examined: (i) the Neretva, Bosnia and the Drina (mountain and lowland parts), (ii) the Miljacka and the Una (mountain part) and the Vrbas and the Ukrina (lowland part) and then calculated the Kolmogorov complexity (KC) based on the Lempel–Ziv Algorithm (LZA) (lower—KCL and upper—KCU), Kolmogorov complexity spectrum highest value (KCM) and overall Kolmogorov complexity (KCO) values for each time series. The results indicate that the KCL, KCU, KCM and KCO values in seven rivers show some similarities regardless of the amplitude differences in their monthly flow rates. The KCL, KCU and KCM complexities as information measures do not “see” a difference between time series which have different amplitude variations but similar random components. However, it seems that the KCO information measures better takes into account both the amplitude and the place of the components in a time series.
Chitosan Oligosaccharides Inhibit/Disaggregate Fibrils and Attenuate Amyloid β-Mediated Neurotoxicity
Authors: Dai Xueling , Hou Wanqi , Sun Yaxuan , Gao Zhaolan , Zhu Shigong , Jiang Zhaofeng
Published: May 2015

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by a large number of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in the brain. Therefore, inhibiting Aβ aggregation or destabilizing preformed aggregates could be a promising therapeutic target for halting/slowing the progression of AD. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have previously been reported to exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Recent study shows that COS could markedly decrease oligomeric Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat hippocampal neurons. However, the potential mechanism that COS reduce Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. In the present study, our findings from circular dichroism spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and thioflavin T fluorescence assay suggested that COS act as an inhibitor of Aβ aggregation and this effect shows dose-dependency. Moreover, data from thioflavin T assay indicated that COS could significantly inhibit fibrils formation and disrupt preformed fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of COS attenuated Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time that COS could inhibit Aβ1-42 fibrils formation and disaggregate preformed fibrils, suggesting that COS may have anti-Aβ fibrillogenesis and fibril-destabilizing properties. These findings highlight the potential role of COS as novel therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Cyanobacterial Hydrogenases and Hydrogen Metabolism Revisited: Recent Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Khanna Namita , Lindblad Peter
Published: May 2015

Cyanobacteria have garnered interest as potential cell factories for hydrogen production. In conjunction with photosynthesis, these organisms can utilize inexpensive inorganic substrates and solar energy for simultaneous biosynthesis and hydrogen evolution. However, the hydrogen yield associated with these organisms remains far too low to compete with the existing chemical processes. Our limited understanding of the cellular hydrogen production pathway is a primary setback in the potential scale-up of this process. In this regard, the present review discusses the recent insight around ferredoxin/flavodoxin as the likely electron donor to the bidirectional Hox hydrogenase instead of the generally accepted NAD(P)H. This may have far reaching implications in powering solar driven hydrogen production. However, it is evident that a successful hydrogen-producing candidate would likely integrate enzymatic traits from different species. Engineering the [NiFe] hydrogenases for optimal catalytic efficiency or expression of a high turnover [FeFe] hydrogenase in these photo-autotrophs may facilitate the development of strains to reach target levels of biohydrogen production in cyanobacteria. The fundamental advancements achieved in these fields are also summarized in this review.
Encapsulated Cellular Implants for Recombinant Protein Delivery and Therapeutic Modulation of the Immune System
Authors: Lathuilière Aurélien , Mach Nicolas , Schneider Bernard
Published: May 2015

Ex vivo gene therapy using retrievable encapsulated cellular implants is an effective strategy for the local and/or chronic delivery of therapeutic proteins. In particular, it is considered an innovative approach to modulate the activity of the immune system. Two recently proposed therapeutic schemes using genetically engineered encapsulated cells are discussed here: the chronic administration of monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization against neurodegenerative diseases and the local delivery of a cytokine as an adjuvant for anti-cancer vaccines.
A Heteroaromatically Functionalized Hexamolybdate
Authors: Healey Merinda , Best Stephen , Goerigk Lars , Ritchie Chris
Published: May 2015

A new heteroaromatic thiophene containing organoimido functionalized hexamolybdate has been synthesized and characterized in both solid form and solution. Structural analysis shows successful introduction of the organoimido ligand through replacement of one terminal oxo site on [Mo6O19]2− to yield the singly functionalized hexamolybdate. Spectroscopic and theoretical analysis indicates charge transfer between the inorganic and organic components, with a significantly red-shifted lowest lying transition of 399 nm vs. the parent Lindqvist ion of 325 nm. Additional characterization includes, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies.
Multifunctional Carbon Nanostructures for Advanced Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Wang Yiran , Wei Huige , Lu Yang , Wei Suying , Wujcik Evan , Guo Zhanhu
Published: May 2015

Carbon nanostructures—including graphene, fullerenes, etc.—have found applications in a number of areas synergistically with a number of other materials. These multifunctional carbon nanostructures have recently attracted tremendous interest for energy storage applications due to their large aspect ratios, specific surface areas, and electrical conductivity. This succinct review aims to report on the recent advances in energy storage applications involving these multifunctional carbon nanostructures. The advanced design and testing of multifunctional carbon nanostructures for energy storage applications—specifically, electrochemical capacitors, lithium ion batteries, and fuel cells—are emphasized with comprehensive examples.
Energy Savings Potential for Pumping Water in District Heating Stations
Authors: Sarbu Ioan , Valea Emilian
Published: May 2015

In district heating stations, the heat carrier is circulated between the energy source and consumers by a pumping system. Fluid handling systems, such as pumping systems, are responsible for a significant portion of the total electrical energy use. Significant opportunities exist to reduce pumping energy through smart design, retrofitting, and operating practices. Most existing systems requiring flow control make use of bypass lines, throttling valves or pump speed adjustments. The most efficient of these options is pump speed control. One of the issues in using variable-speed pumping systems, however, is the total efficiency of the electric motor/pump arrangement under a given operating condition. This paper provides a comprehensive discussion about pump control in heating stations and analyzes the energy efficiency of flow control methods. Specific attention is also given to the selection of motor types, sizing and pump duty cycle. A comparative energy analysis is performed on the hot water discharge adjustment using throttling control valves and variable-speed drives in a district heating station constructed in Romania. To correlate the pumped flow rate with the heat demand and to ensure the necessary pressure using minimum energy, an automatic system has been designed. The performances of these control methods are evaluated in two practical applications. The results show that approximately 20%–50% of total pumping energy could be saved by using the optimal control method with variable-speed pumps. Additionally, some modernization solutions to reduce the environmental impact of heating stations are described.
The Evolution of Shea Butter's "Paradox of paradoxa" and the Potential Opportunity for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to Improve Quality, Market Access and Women's Livelihoods across Rural Africa
Authors: Bello-Bravo Julia , Lovett Peter , Pittendrigh Barry
Published: May 2015

Shea trees grow across 4 million km2 of sub-Saharan Africa. Shea parklands provide a sustainable source of edible fat (shea butter) that, in terms of volume, is currently second only to cocoa butter as a vegetal source of stearic acid in the multi-billion dollar chocolate and cosmetic sectors. However, in terms of international trade, shea has been opaque to consumers of edible products (where the majority of shea exports end their global journey) and actually only well-known in western markets as a cosmetic ingredient. The millions of women collectors have been disconnected from global supply chains, as the majority of their sheanuts are factory processed, supplied by traders who, in many cases, do not understand quality issues nor share knowledge with their village-based collectors—this is the “Paradox of paradoxa”. This review provides the background to this issue by contextualizing the industry and describing how weak post-harvest quality control impacts the shea supply chain. The paper then explains how this knowledge was incorporated into a 3D animation available for free transmission to rural African audiences and viewing on portable devices like video capable mobile phones. This tool offers the potential of low-cost multiple benefits to users, which we term here a win-cubed [win3] opportunity, where women collectors can receive free knowledge of using less resources to produce higher quality shea kernels which in turn offer higher extraction yields, lowering production costs, of a better and more marketable product.
Electronic interaction in composites of a conjugated polymer and carbon nanotubes: first-principles calculation and photophysical approaches
Authors: Massuyeau Florian , Wéry Jany , Duvail Jean-Luc , Lefrant Serge , Yaya Abu , Ewels Chris , Faulques Eric
Published: May 2015

The mechanisms that control the photophysics of composite films made of a semiconducting conjugated polymer (poly(paraphenylene vinylene), PPV) mixed with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) up to a concentration of 64 wt % are determined by using photoexcitation techniques and density functional theory. Charge separation is confirmed experimentally by rapid quenching of PPV photoluminescence and changes in photocurrent starting at relatively low concentrations of SWNT. Calculations predict strong electronic interaction between the polymer and the SWNT network when nanotubes are semiconducting.
Pourquoi le silence des femmes ? Violence sexuelle et lien de couple
Authors: Grihom Marie-José
Published: May 2015

Les violences sexuelles peuvent durer des années dans un couple avant que la femme victime n’en parle. Comment comprendre ce silence ? Une analyse critique de deux discours courants est faite à partir de la clinique analytique individuelle et de couple. Les éléments essentiels sont alors situés dans le lien intersubjectif du couple. Sont étudiés les effets de réel de la violence sur la parole et ceux de la honte que le clinicien peut saisir au moyen du transfert pour en favoriser la nomination. Constats et hypothèses cliniques sur l’amour ou la passion de ces femmes, leur masochisme et leur besoin de punition permettent d’aborder d’autres motifs de silence. Dans la dynamique du lien, le rôle des pulsions de mort chez la victime apparaît central. La violence subie masque une violence interne liée à un sentiment d’existence menacé dans le lien à la mère, à des traumas de l’enfance, à la honte et à un défaut d’investissement narcissique.
Les pays émergents : nouvelle destination des fonds souverains
Authors: Fatimi Khadija
Published: May 2015

La crise financière internationale de 2008 a infligé de sévères pertes aux fonds souverains, provoquant par là-même un changement dans leurs stratégies d’investissement. Les fonds des pays du CCG, à l’instar des fonds souverains d’autres régions du monde, ont commencé à axer leurs interventions davantage sur les marchés émergents du pourtour méditerranéen, en particulier, des pays arabes. Cependant, malgré l’existence d’une solide réserve de projets d’infrastructure dans ces pays cibles, la majorité des projets ne répondent pas aux critères de ces fonds notamment en termes de volume d’investissement. L’attractivité des pays destinataires pour les fonds souverains des pays du CCG demeure tributaire de leur capacité à générer une croissance durable, et à réussir la modernisation de leurs économies tout en sauvegardant la stabilité politique et la paix sociale.
Géo-énergie, entre nouveaux enjeux et nouvelles perspectives géostratégiques
Authors: du Castel Viviane , Monfort Julie
Published: May 2015

Les équilibres politiques et économiques internationaux se modifient afin de gérer durablement les questions énergétiques en tenant compte des évolutions démographiques. Les décideurs devront alors faire des choix énergétiques adaptés, tenant compte ou non des volontés de leurs opinions publiques (gaz, charbon, nucléaire, énergies renouvelables, énergies non conventionnelles, ...). Le bouquet (ou mix) énergétique restant actuellement la meilleure option. Cette situation renforcera sans doute d’une part, le rôle des États afin de diminuer les tensions sur les marchés internationaux, notamment au Moyen-Orient, d’autre part, une hausse de la coopération internationale, notamment dans le secteur privé. Au-delà des problématiques énergétiques globales, c’est la transition énergétique qui préoccupe les dirigeants. La transition énergétique repose sur de nombreuses incertitudes technologiques et de ressources.
L’automation intellectuelle, la mort de l’emploi et le revenu de pollinisation
Authors: Moulier-Boutang Yann
Published: May 2015

Les discours lénifiants promettant de résoudre tous les problèmes sociaux et écologiques par une « reprise de la croissance », synonyme de « retour au plein emploi », sonnent de plus en plus creux. Nous vivons une deuxième vague de déploiement du capitalisme cognitif, caractérisée par l’automatisation de tâches intellectuelles bien plus complexes, dont les études les plus sérieuses montrent qu’elle annonce une explosion spectaculaire des chiffres du chômage (jusqu’au sein des classes les mieux éduquées). Les leçons de la première vague d’industrialisation du début du XIX e  siècle enseignent que seuls des combats idéologiques et politiques peuvent conduire les logiques économiques à s’adapter à ces nouvelles dynamiques. Les mesures préconisées depuis 15 ans par Multitudes (revenu universel garanti, taxe pollen, réforme de l’éducation) sont plus urgentes que jamais.
Les robots oscillent entre vivant et inerte
Authors: Grimaud Emmanuel
Published: May 2015

Il est impossible d’ouvrir un dossier consacré à la robotique sans rencontrer de multiples prophéties annonçant dans un futur proche que nous vivrons entourés de robots anthropomorphes ou zoomorphes et que nous nous machinerons par des voies que nous ne pouvons pour le moment qu’entrevoir. Peut-on envisager une approche de la robotique un peu moins prophétique et donc décevante, un peu plus pragmatique et donc plus surprenante, un peu plus réflexive et donc habitée par un principe de précaution ? Faut-il continuer à faire passer les machines pour autre chose que ce qu’elles sont ou doit-on arrêter de les prendre pour ce qu’elles ne sont pas (des animaux, des humains) ? Faut-il considérer qu’elles constituent un « règne » à part entière, à côté du minéral et du végétal, ou bien faut-il continuer de les reléguer dans l’instrumental, ce grand bazar ? Ce « manifeste » reprend quelques-unes des observations faites par ceux qui, dans le champ de l’anthropologie principalement, observent la « révolution robotique », suivent ses essais d’expérimentation/implémentation et abordent la diversité des interactions homme-machine avec les outils de l’enquête de terrain.
La voiture autonome et ses implications morales
Authors: Sandberg Anders , Bradshaw-Martin Heather , Gérardin-Laverge Mona
Published: May 2015

Cet article soutient que les voitures autonomes sont des robots sociaux qui doivent agir comme des tenants-lieux de leurs propriétaires humains. Pour ne pas esquiver les choix moraux incombant aux utilisateurs humains de ces technologies, on pourrait programmer les véhicules de façon à ce qu’ils puissent se comporter selon différentes théories morales, en permettant aux propriétaires de choisir celle qui a leur préférence. L’article envisage également les implications éthiques d’autres problèmes pratiques liés à la technologie des voitures autonomes.
À la santé des robots
Authors: Querrien Anne , Rosso François
Published: May 2015

Alors que tous les regards sont tournés vers les prototypes de robots-compagnons dont les pays en déclin démographique attendent qu’ils s’occupent des personnes âgées, une révolution silencieuse se déroule dans la gestion des médicaments. Grâce aux robots, la délivrance des médicaments par dose unique va bientôt devenir non seulement possible mais normale, à l’hôpital comme en officine, entrainant de nouvelles transformations dans le travail de pharmaciens et des médecins.
Le mal : Dieu responsable et innocent
Authors: Salamolard Michel
Published: May 2015

L’année même de son décès, le regretté Adolphe Gesché publiait le premier ouvrage d’une nouvelle série intitulée « Pensées pour penser ». Comme dans sa célèbre série antérieure « Dieu pour penser », l’auteur commence par affronter le mystère du mal. Il invite à « circuler plus libre » dans ses réflexions. Le présent article se veut un hommage critique à Gesché, honorant ainsi son vœu de « reconstruire soi-même ce que l’on cherche à penser ». Trois questions sont abordées : 1. Le mal peut-il être l’objet d’explication ? 2. Dieu a-t-il été surpris par l’idée du mal ? 3. Comment comprendre aujourd’hui la doctrine du péché originel ?
Incarnation et Trinité
Authors: Ponnou-Delaffon André-Marie
Published: May 2015

Cet article propose une méditation trinitaire et christologique dans laquelle l’auteur montre comment le mystère de l’Incarnation révèle celui de la Trinité. En effet, l’unicité de la nature divine et la trinité des personnes divines sont attestées dans l’être et la vie du Verbe fait chair qui nous permet, notamment, de comprendre comment l’être-soi de chaque hypostase divine a la consistance de son être-pour-l’autre. Par ailleurs, la relation économique du Christ à l’Esprit (inversion trinitaire) nous enseigne sur la logique d’amour trinitaire dont le Fils est l’icône visible.
Les interactions entre les différentes composantes du traumatisme psychique et les conduites d’assuétudes
Authors: Bouchez Anne , Clavie Ronald , Esmieu Stéphanie
Published: May 2015

Cet article investigue les liens complexes entre le traumatisme psychique et les conduites d’assuétudes. Des résultats intéressants mettant en lien certains symptômes du traumatisme psychique avec la consommation d’alcool ont été découverts via cette recherche, mais aucun lien n’a pu être établi entre les drogues illicites et les différentes composantes du traumatisme psychique. Cet article fournit finalement, par ses résultats et une revue des recherches antérieures, des pistes qui pourraient être prises en compte lors de la prise en charge d’une personne présentant une conduite d’assuétude et/ou un traumatisme psychique.
Le hachisch
Authors: Gautier Théophile
Published: May 2015

En juillet 1843, Théophile Gautier retranscrit dans la chronique théâtrale de La Presse les sensations et hallucinations que déclenche chez lui la prise de hachisch. C’est à un théâtre intérieur qu’il nous convie, cette représentation unique où il est à la fois acteur et spectateur, spectateur de lui-même. C’est cet article que nous vous proposons de lire ou de relire.
Bundled Payments in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Bushnell Brandon D.
Published: May 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.

Describe the concept of bundled payments and the potential applications of bundled payments in orthopedic surgery.

2.

For specific situations, outline a clinical episode of care, determine the participants in a bundling situation, and define care protocols and pathways.

3.

Recognize the importance of resource utilization management, quality outcome measurement, and combined economic-clinical value in determining the value of bundled payment arrangements.

4.

Identify the implications of bundled payments for practicing orthopedists, as well as the legal issues and potential future directions of this increasingly popular alternative payment method.

Bundled payments, the idea of paying a single price for a bundle of goods and services, is a financial concept familiar to most American consumers because examples appear in many industries. The idea of bundled payments has recently gained significant momentum as a financial model with the potential to decrease the significant current costs of health care. Orthopedic surgery as a field of medicine is uniquely positioned for success in an environment of bundled payments. This article reviews the history, logistics, and implications of the bundled payment model relative to orthopedic surgery. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(2):128–135.]
Resection and Reconstruction of Pelvic Bone Tumors
Authors: Angelini Andrea , Calabrò Teresa , Pala Elisa , Trovarelli Giulia , Maraldi Marco , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study was to assess outcome and recurrence rate after limb-salvage surgery with reconstruction for pelvic bone tumors and analyze complications and their relationship with surgery. The authors analyzed 129 patients followed for a mean of 6 years (range, 2–19 years). Chondrosarcoma was the most frequent histotype. Thirty-one cases with no acetabular involvement were reconstructed with allograft only. Acetabular resections were reconstructed with allograft prosthetic composite (n=60), allograft only (n=11), trabecular metal components (n=2), prosthesis only (n=10), saddle prosthesis (n=11), and iliofemoral arthrodesis (n=1). Margins were wide (n=94), wide contaminated (n=22), marginal (n=7), and intralesional (n=6). Oncologic outcomes were as follows: 75 patients were continuously disease free, 6 were disease free after treatment of relapse, 13 were alive with disease, 28 were dead of disease, and 5 were dead of other causes. Survival was 66% at 10 years. Local recurrence rate of malignant tumors was 22.1% and was not statistically influenced by margins (
P
=.140) or site (
P
=.933). Metastasis rate was 32.8%. Deep infection was observed in 30 (23.6%) cases, with no statistical difference between reconstructions with and without allograft (
P
=.09). Final external hemipelvectomy was performed in 16 cases. Newer techniques of reconstruction using stemmed acetabular cups or porous metal components combined with allograft are now available. Local control and satisfactory survival is achievable long term in patients with pelvic tumors, but this surgery implies a high rate of complications. Infection is a major complication, not influenced by the use of allografts. Amputation is rarely needed. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(2):87–93.]
Patient-Related Factors Influencing Ulnar-Shortening Osteotomy Outcomes Using the Trimed Dynamic Compression Plate
Authors: Viswanath Purab , Monaco Nathan A. , Lubahn John D.
Published: May 2015

Ulnocarpal impingement can be surgically managed with various shortening osteotomy techniques. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine the outcomes of the ulnar-shortening osteotomy technique using the Trimed dynamic compression plate (Valencia, California) and to determine whether results vary among patient-related factors, including smoking status, occupation, preoperative diagnosis, and workers’ compensation status. Twenty-seven patients (28 wrists) operated by a single surgeon underwent ulnar shortening over a 4-year span. Radiographic analysis was obtained preoperatively and at an average 24-month follow-up. A subset of 12 patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) inventory; the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE); and the visual analog scale for pain and underwent clinical evaluation for range of motion and strength. Ulnar variance improved in all cases between pre- and postoperative imaging (
P
<.05). Grip strength and range of motion were found to be 79% and 90% of the contralateral extremity, respectively. Among the examined patient-related factors, patients involved in a workers’ compensation claim demonstrated significantly different DASH (average, 56.8 claim vs 26.8 no claim;
P
=.037) and PRWE (average, 66.0 claim vs 32.8 no claim;
P
=.008) scores while also showing a trend toward nonunion (3/10 claim vs 1/18 no claim;
P
=.105). Results of ulnar-shortening osteotomy using the Trimed system at 2-year follow-up show consistent objective improvements in radiographic ulnar variance. Workers’ compensation claims may negatively influence outcomes of ulnar shortening, and this factor should be considered in preoperative patient selection and counseling. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(2):e106–e111.]
Mini-Midvastus Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Severe Varus Deformity
Authors: Liu Hao-Chen , Kuo Feng-Chih , Huang Chung-Chen , Wang Jun-Wen
Published: May 2015

Patients with severe varus deformity of the knee (≥15° varus) usually are not considered good candidates for minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The goal of this study was to retrospectively investigate outcomes in patients with severe varus deformity after minimally invasive TKA. A study group of 52 patients with a tibiofemoral mechanical axis of 195° or greater was compared with a matched control group of 55 patients with a tibiofemoral mechanical axis of less than 195°. Clinical and radiographic evaluations according to the American Knee Society rating system were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively, and postoperative patient satisfaction in the 2 groups was compared. All patients were followed at a mean of 3 years (range, 2–5 years). Preoperatively, clinical knee and function scores and range of motion were inferior in the study group compared with the control group (
P
<.001). However, at the latest follow-up, both groups of patients were satisfied with the clinical results, and no significant differences were found in the knee and function scores (
P
>.05). Radiographic evaluation showed no differences in the mechanical axis, femoral component valgus angle, and tibial component valgus angle, and all outliers of the radiographic parameters between the 2 groups postoperatively (
P
>.05). The study results showed that mini-midvastus TKA did not result in more inaccurate implant positioning in patients with severe varus deformity of the knee. The clinical outcome in the group with severe varus was comparable to that in the group with less severe varus [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(2):e112–e117.]