bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Misleading Triviality Argument in the Theory of Conditionals
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Wójtowicz Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

PCCP is the much discussed claim that the probability of a conditional A → B is conditional probability. Triviality results purport to show that PCCP – as a general claim – is false. A particularly interesting proof has been presented in (Hájek, 2011), who shows that – even if a probability distribution P initially satisfied PCCP – a rational update can produce a non-PCCP probability distribution.
We argue that the notion of rational update in this argumentation is construed in much too broad a way. In order to make the argumentation precise, we discuss the general rules for modeling conditionals in probability spaces and present formalized version(s) of PCCP and of minimal assumptions concerning the appropriate spaces. Using the introduced apparatus we give a detailed analysis of Hájek’s (2011) triviality proof and show that it is based on an application of revision rules which allow one to construct probability distributions violating not only PCCP, but also fundamental properties of conditionals.
This means that they do not really provide arguments against PCCP, properly formalized. We also discuss a Dutch Book argument which shows that the updated belief system is not coherent. This gives an additional, strong argument against accepting the update rules. We also discuss the Converse Dutch Book theorem and argue, that even if the produced probability measure seems to violate it, it cannot serve as the counterexample, as it is not an appropriate model for conditionals. Ultimately, we show that important arguments against PCCP fail.
El Norte de la Contratación y la tradición veitiana
Authors: Díaz Blanco José Manuel
Published: May 2024

El Norte de la Contratación, que José de Veitia Linaje publicó en 1672, es el libro más importante sobre la Carrera de Indias escrito en el siglo XVII. Pese a tratarse de una fuente habitual para los especialistas, nunca había sido objeto de una monografía extensa. Este estudio pretende colmar ese vacío bibliográfico y contribuir a un mejor conocimiento del autor, examinando cómo creó su obra y de qué manera se convirtió en una referencia decisiva para la formación de los estudios modernos sobre la Carrera. Se analizan, junto a otros temas, la biografía de Veitia entre Burgos, Sevilla y Madrid; el ejercicio del poder en la Casa de la Contratación, el Consejo de Indias y la Secretaría del Despacho Universal; los ámbitos culturales de la literatura oficial indiana; la pesquisa documental pionera que Veitia desarrolló en los archivos de la Casa y los condicionamientos personales y culturales que moldearon los niveles textuales del Norte. De esta manera, se invita al lector a recorrer un itinerario literario tan fascinante como desconocido hasta ahora, que comienza en la cultura del Siglo de Oro y culmina en el pensamiento histórico novecentista.
El liderazgo en centros rurales para movilizar las relaciones con la comunidad.
Authors: Abascal Obeso Elena , Álvarez-Álvarez Carmen , Fernández Gutiérrez Emma
Published: May 2024

El liderazgo educativo rural es considerado un factor clave para que surjan relaciones positivas entre la escuela rural y su entorno, relaciones que a su vez enriquecen el proceso educativo y mejoran la vinculación de los agentes sociales con el centro escolar. Por ello, a partir de un estudio exploratorio se pretende conocer si los líderes educativos rurales españoles consideran que su estilo de liderazgo influye en el tipo de relaciones entabladas y de qué manera ocurre, haciendo uso de un cuestionario mixto que contó con la participación de 123 direcciones rurales, así como un estudio de caso en un Centro Rural Agrupado de Galicia. Se pone de relieve que las direcciones consideran que su liderazgo contribuye a la vinculación positiva entre la escuela y su comunidad, y que la implicación comunitaria en los centros educativos es cada vez más frecuente. Es pertinente concluir que el estilo de liderazgo influye notablemente en las relaciones escuela-comunidad, y que resulta indispensable un plan de centro que articule y potencie las relaciones y los términos en los que estas tienen lugar; asimismo, se comprueba que el impacto bidireccional positivo de estas relaciones supone su valoración por parte de todos los agentes implicados.
Análisis sobre las plataformas LMS considerando el deep learning y random forest.
Authors: Salas-Rueda Ricardo-Adán
Published: May 2024

Hoy en día, los educadores se apoyan en la tecnología para ofrecer a los estudiantes nuevos ambientes de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio mixto es analizar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre el uso de las plataformas LMS durante la postpandemia COVID-19 por medio los algoritmos deep learning y random forest. Los resultados del algoritmo deep learning señalan que el uso de las plataformas LMS afecta positivamente el análisis y uso de la información escolar, la autonomía y el intercambio de ideas durante el proceso de aprendizaje. Asimismo, el algoritmo random forest permitió la construcción de tres modelos sobre esta herramienta tecnológica considerando el perfil de los estudiantes. Las limitaciones de esta investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa son la muestra y las variables dependientes. Por consiguiente, las futuras investigaciones pueden analizar el uso de las plataformas LMS durante la postpandemia COVID-19 considerando el rol activo de los estudiantes, el desarrollo de habilidades y la asimilación del conocimiento en diversas escuelas, facultades e institutos. Las implicaciones de este estudio están relacionadas con el uso de las plataformas LMS para eliminar las barreras físicas, fomentar el aprendizaje personalizado y actualizar las actividades bajo la modalidad a distancia. En conclusión, los educadores deben de incluir las plataformas LMS en la planeación de los cursos con el propósito de facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje.
Formación del profesorado en la atención al alumnado de alta capacidad. Estudio en la Comunidad Valenciana.
Authors: Monzó Martínez Anna , García-Raga Laura
Published: May 2024

La respuesta educativa al alumnado de alta capacidad continúa siendo una asignatura pendiente para el sistema educativo. Una de las principales barreras para este cometido es la falta de formación del profesorado. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la formación inicial y continua del profesorado para conocer si se consideran preparados a la hora de ofrecer una respuesta educativa de calidad a este alumnado. La hipótesis general es que, el profesorado de la Comunidad Valenciana, actualmente, no ha recibido una formación suficiente para dar una respuesta educativa adecuada al alumnado de alta capacidad. Más concretamente, los objetivos que se plantean son analizar la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado de la Comunidad Valenciana de acuerdo con sus percepciones y comprobar la relación existente entre dichas percepciones y determinadas variables sociodemográficas (edad, etapa educativa, tipo de centro y tiempo trabajado). El estudio se ha llevado a cabo a partir de un cuestionario elaborado “ad hoc”, siguiendo los pasos habituales de la investigación basada en el método de encuesta. La muestra participante en este estudio está constituida por 1176 docentes de todas las etapas educativas. Los resultados de la investigación no solo apuntan a una falta de formación específica de los y las docentes en este ámbito, sino que también entre aquellos formados existe la sensación de estar poco preparados. Variables como la edad o el tiempo trabajado parecen tener una mayor relevancia a la hora de trabajar con alumnado de alta capacidad que la formación recibida. Esta situación dificulta, sin duda, que pueda existir una intervención educativa de calidad hacia este alumnado
NAS BRECHAS DO SISTEMA: DECOLONIALIDADE, COMUNICAÇÃO, MÍDIAS E IDENTIDADE NEGRA
Authors: Cunha Shirlei Alexandra da
Published: May 2024

A possibilidade de acesso às redes é um traço importante de democratização da comunicação e o ciberespaço é ocupado por inúmeras vozes que até então eram excluídas e invisibilizadas. No mundo físico, o controle dos meios de produção e divulgação de seus produtos ainda se concentra nas mãos de grupos muito bem caracterizados: homens brancos e cisgênero. Conceitos como o colonialismo e a colonialidade do Poder, do Ser e do Saber têm sido importantes aliados nos estudos acadêmicos para explicar essa realidade de inferiorização e de desumanização de pessoas, em especial, os negros. O pacto narcisístico da branquitude perpetua os valores e ideologias de seu grupo e impede os subalternizados de acessar as melhores posições na sociedade. Contudo as transformações políticas, econômicas e educacionais, principalmente as ocorridas nas últimas duas décadas (2000-2020), têm mudado esse cenário.  A emancipação pelo acesso à educação e o maior poder aquisitivo da população negra tem modificado o perfil das universidades e tensionando esses espaços pelo questionamento decolonial e ampliando as pesquisas que tratam das especificidades da população negra tendo as vivências desta mesma população. Neste ensaio teórico considera-se que, se no ciberespaço a presença dos corpos negros é uma realidade tangível, já nas emissoras de Tv aberta a presença de protagonistas negros que fujam dos estereótipos que desumanizam e subalternizam seus corpos tem se constituído em mais um dos desafios deste grupo contra o racismo e na direção de uma sociedade mais justa e menos desigual. Daí a importância da convergência das mídias, que, ao inserir programas televisivos nas redes sociais digitais, amplia o escopo dos interlocutores, para além da comunicação síncrona e em tempo real, e para além do território nacional, promovendo, assim, a ampliação da perspectiva de alteridade.
MEMETIZANDO A CIÊNCIA: #FRIDACONSELHEIRA COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: Pereira Vique Isabela , Silva Soares Maria da Conceição , Mello Silva Maíra
Published: May 2024

Este texto aborda a criação e divulgação de memes como problematização e resistência criativa às normas estruturais socialmente preestabelecidas em relação a questões que articulam gênero, infâncias, docência e educação. Inferimos que as redes sociais digitais impulsionam a circulação desses conteúdos, com a possibilidade de coautoria, em que praticantes da cibercultura, curtem, salvam, compartilham, editam, baixam e comentam as postagens. Para entender como ocorre essa dinâmica, analisamos alguns memes do quadro #fridaconselheira da página do Instagram @fridavaiaescola. Consideramos que os memes, como textos que operam pretextos para falar do vivido com ironia e inventividade são como outras formas de narrativas, escritas (verbais, imagéticas e/ou audiovisuais) do cotidiano e dão forma à matéria do vivido. Sugerimos que os memes que problematizam as opressões e discriminações praticados nos múltiplos espaços-tempos em que aprendemos, ensinamos e vivemos podem abrir espaços para outros modos de perceber e se relacionar no/com o mundo e para o engendramento de processos de subjetivação e modos de existência mais comprometidos com a justiça social. Defendemos, portanto, que essa forma de narrar a vida, memetizando a ciência, pode se constituir em uma forma de salvar a nossa própria pele.
ELAS/ES NAS REDES: DECOLONIALIDADE NAS PESQUISAS E NAS DOCÊNCIAS SOBRE/NA/COM A CULTURA DIGITAL
Authors: Bruno Adriana Rocha , Hessel Ana Maria Di Grado , Vaccarini Emmanuelle , Pesce Lucila
Published: May 2024

Apresentação de dossiê
EDUCAÇÃO CIBERCULTURAL
Authors: Carvalho Felipe , Edméa Santos  , Mariano Pimentel  , Marcos Vinícius Dias de Menezes  , Wallace Carriço de Almeida  , Tania Lucía Maddalena
Published: May 2024

Configuraçõesv. 8 n. 3 (2024): Elas/es nas redes: decolonialidade nas pesquisas e nas docências sobre/na/com a cultura digital
Reaping rewards
Authors: Workman Ellie
Published: May 2024

After returning to education as a mature student, Ellie Workman reflects on the discomfort of growing pains during her time so far as a student paramedic, as well as the experience of reaping the rewards as she makes her way to the other side en route to her final year
Delirium: recognising the symptoms and treating the cause
Authors: Palmer Sarah J
Published: May 2024

In this article, Sarah Jane Palmer discusses delirium and how to recognise, prevent and treat it.
Upholding the professional duty of candour: being open and honest when incidents occur
Authors: Ashurst Adrian M
Published: May 2024

Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of implementing the principles found in the duty of candour in handling incidents that have caused distress.
Diversity and Abundance of Non-Geniculate Coralline Algae (NGCA) in Different Reef Conditions and Depth Zones
Authors:   Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand, Pattarach Kattika , Liu Shao-Lun ,   Department of Life Science & Center for Ecology and Environment, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Mayakun Jaruwan ,   Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand,   Molecular Evolution and Computation Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
Published: May 2024

Non-g eniculate coralline red algae (NGCA) provide habitats for many epiphytic fauna and flora, and are considered reef engineers. The identification of NGCA is challenging due to cryptic speciation and their phenotypic plasticity that can be mediated by environmental conditions. Using DNA sequence data (psbA gene), a systematic examination was undertaken of the diversity and abundance of NGCA from two different reef conditions (fair and poor reef) and depth zones (shallow and deep zone) of a subtidal reef in the Gulf of Thailand at Koh Taen, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Phylogentic analysis revealed 11 putative species: Chamberlainium sp., Dawsoniolithon sp., Hydrolithon boergesenii, Lithophyllum sp.1, Lithophyllum sp.2, Neogoniolithon sp.1, Neogoniolithon sp.2, Parvicellularium sp., Sporolithon ptychoides, Sporolithon sp.1 and Sporolithon sp.2. Specimens attributed to a newly recorded genus Parvicellularium, showed its highest abundance in the deep zone, while specimens attributed to Lithophyllum and Sporolithon were dominant in the shallow zone. The abundance of all NGCA genera showed no significant differences among reef conditions. Here, we present an updated overview of the diversity and abundance of NGCA in Thai waters.
Identification coral reef diatom using scanning electron microscope at Nature Reserve Pulau Sempu (NRPS), East Java
Authors: El Rahimi Sayyid Afdhal , Kryk Adryan , Arsad Sulastri , Luthfi Oktiyas Muzaky , Isdianto Andik , Luthfi M. Azurea Bahri
Published: May 2024

Diatom, Bacillariophyceae, has an important role in environmental support because these algae contribute to 25% of the oxygen supply globally and each year represent 40% of primary production by fixed carbon using photosynthesis. Diatom samples were obtained from 3 different sites in around NRPS. Cleaning diatoms analyzed using SEM for describe ultrastructure in diatom valves. Three dominant diatoms Cocconeidaceae and Bacillariaceae from the south Java Sea (Indian Ocean). Basic information regarding the diversity of diatoms, and the success of photoautotrophic micro-algae that can be found both in marine and freshwater habitats, is very important to describe the role of each taxon from an ecology perspective in the future. Samples are taken from the substrate of 3 stations in Nature Reserve Pulau Sempu and prepared in the laboratory for scanning electron microscopy photographs. Clear and detailed features diatom frustule of SEM photograph reveal a schild diatom (Cocconeis) and panduriform diatom (Psammodictyon) are dominating taxa in NRSP areas.Keywords:Hard coralCocconeisPsammodictyonPulau SempuDiatom
Community structure of bivalve on seagrass ecosystems in the West Bali National Park area
Authors: Suryani Sang Ayu Made Putri , Ambaranatha I Wayan Mega , Darmadi Ni Made
Published: May 2024

The waters of Taman Nasional Bali Barat are one of the waters that have abundant diversity of marine ecosystems. Seagrass is an ecosystem that has many benefits for organisms that live in it, one of which is bivalves. Bivalves can be used as jewelry, food sources, and are often used as bioindicators of pollution. Seagrass and bivalves have the same characteristics related to the type of substrate that serve as habitat and need each other in both growth and reproduction processes. This study aims to determine the condition of seagrass cover, the abundance and diversity of bivalves, and the relationship between seagrass cover and bivalves density. This research was conducted at 3 stations, namely Karang Sewu, Terima Bay, and Labuhan Lalang in August 2020. This research was conducted using survey method and sampling technique using a purposive sampling method. To determine the relationship between seagrass cover and bivalves density using a linear regression test. The results showed that the seagrass cover at the three stations was 31.04%, 50.46%, and 50.68%. Bivalves density in Karang Sewu Bay was 29.8% Aomalodiscus squamosus, Terima Bay with 50% Pinna bicolor, and Labuhan Lalang with 30.4% Trachycardium flavum and Pinna bicolor. Based on the linear regression test, it showed a significant value 0.5 which means that there is the relationship between seagrass cover and the density of bivalves found in the waters of Taman Nasional Bali Barat.Keywords:seagrassbivalvesdensityecosystemcommunity structure
Rule of seagrass ecosystem as marine debris trap: A study case in seagrass ecosystems across a small island at Tanjungpinang city
Authors: Nugraha Aditya Hikmat , Rizki Rizki , Idris Fadhliyah
Published: May 2024

Seagrass ecosystems have an essential function as a feeding, spawning and nursery areas for various marine biota, etc. There are threats to the sustainability of seagrass ecosystems' biodiversity, one of which is the dumping of garbage into the sea, which causes damage to coastal ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the species and cover of seagrass ecosystems and the type and density of marine debris in seagrass ecosystems in the waters of small islands of Tanjungpinang City. There are three stations: Dompak Island, Penyengat Island, and Los Island. This research was conducted in May-June 2023. Seagrass cover data was collected using the line transect method with a quadrat transect of 50 cm x 50 cm to observe the species and cover. Data collection on marine debris in the seagrass ecosystem was taken on transects with an area of 100 m x 100 m. Marine debris obtained is then grouped by type to calculate density and weight. The types of seagrasses found include Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The highest total seagrass cover is found on Los Island, with a value of 25.81% classified as poor with a sparse cover category. The types of marine debris found are plastic, glass, rubber, wood, and its derivatives. According to the number of pieces, the highest density of marine debris is plastic waste, resulting in 0.0079 items/m2, and the weight density is 0.0528 grams/m2 found at Los Island.Keywords:biodiversitydebrisplasticseagrasssmall island
Plankton community structure in mangrove ecosystem polluted by macroplastic waste Pagatan Besar Village, Tanah Laut Regency
Authors: Yunandar Yunandar , Rahim Nur Fadhilah , Rahmiati Rahmiati , Caraka Gidion , Rusdiyanto Edi
Published: May 2024

Plastic waste continues to increase all the time without decreasing or ending, resulting in the sustainability and restoration of the mangrove ecosystem needing to be improved. The mangrove ecosystem is a place where plastic waste accumulates. The accumulation of plastic waste prevents photosynthesis in mangroves, reduces aquatic productivity and encourages microbial colonization. This research aims to identify the type abundance of plankton, waste and water quality. Sampling was carried out purposively from June to July 2023. STA 1 represents rivers, STA 2 was estuaries and STA 3 was coastal mangroves. Plankton, plastic waste and water quality samples were collected at the beginning of each month based on a 1x1 m2 plot. Furthermore, biological index calculations of plankton and the density of plastic waste were carried out and their relationship with water quality in each location. Mangroves in the village of Pagatan Besar are dominated by Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Bruguierra cylindrica and Rhizopora apiculata. The highest density of was in STA 3, but it was inversely proportional to the abundance and diversity of plankton due to the dense waste cover between the roots, mainly plastic materials. The most significant increase in marine waste accumulated in STA 3 from 6697 grams at the beginning of the observation to 13820 grams. The most significant composition of waste in STA 3 consists of plastic bottles and plastic cups. Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta are plankton phyla from the research location. Plankton identified there are three phyla in STA 1 and STA 2, while in STA 3, there are only 2. Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta are phyla plankton from the study site. The types of plankton that are always present in all STAs are Gonatozygon and Ulothrix from Chloropyta. The survival of plankton and mangroves is influenced by water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and the type of material density of macroplastic waste.Keywords:MacroplasticMangroveWater QualityPlankton
Grain size properties of estuary sediment from Aceh Jaya, Aceh
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Arif , Hermi Rudi , Heriansyah Heriansyah , Lubis Friyuanita , Rahmi Mira Mauliza
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to determine the sediment grain size distribution in four estuary locations in Aceh Jaya (Kuta Tuha, Lhok Geulumpang, Krueng No, Keude Unga). These findings will contribute to our understanding of sediment dynamics in estuarine environments and inform management strategies for these critical coastal habitats. The methods used in this study, such as mean, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis, and determination of sediment textural with ternary plot, were used to determine the sediment grain size distribution. In Addition, it will examine the relationship between sediment grain size composition and spatial distance to mouth bar using the Spearman correlation. Composition sediment at all locations dominated by fine sand. Grain size variations (26.735 – 198.709 μm) show that at all locations mainly consists of very fine sand whereas at Kuta Tuha combination of fine sand and medium sand. The variations of sorting (1.193 – 2.59), skewness (-0.625 – 0.876) and kurtosis (0.46 – 6.883) indicate moderately sorted, very coarse skewed, and very platykurtic sediments. Textural sediment classified as sand, silty sand, and very slightly silty sand. We also found positive correlation between spatial distance from mouth bar and sediment composition. These findings will contribute to our understanding of sediment dynamics in estuarine environments and inform management strategies.Keywords:Sediment grain distributionTextural of sedimentAceh Jaya EstuarySortingSkewness
Effect of microalgae (Tetraselmis chui Butcher 1959) on growth and survival of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus 1758) reared in low salinity biofloc system
Authors: Iba Wa , Wahyuni Neneng , Hamzah Muhaimin , Rice Michael A.
Published: May 2024

Addition of microalgae in the biofloc system may improve growth and survival of Nile tilapia.  Also, culturing Nile tilapia in saline water biofloc system may be an adaptation for freshwater shortage.  In this study, the growth and survival of Nile tilapia cultured in a low salinity biofloc system with added microalgae was investigated. Increasing salinity in the culture system was done by gradually adding sea water into acclimatization container (618 L, v) on weekly basis for 4 weeks until 9 psu salinity was reached. Tilapia were allowed to adapt to salinity change for one week and fed with commercial feed twice a day until satiation. The biofloc experiment was conducted with 3 microalgal density treatments (5, 15 and 25 × 104 cells. mL-1) in triplicates. Average initial weight of experimental fish was 4.82 ± 0.76 g. Tilapia were reared for 40 days in aquaria (35 × 35 × 40 cm, l × w × h, 15 L, v) containing 8 individuals fish in each aquarium. The commercial pellets were delivered twice per day at 5% of tilapia biomass until satiation.  T. chui was added to the tilapia culture every week. This study showed that the addition of microalgae did not affect the fish weight gain, specific growth rate and survival (p0.05). However, feed conversion ratio and culture productivity were better in tilapia supplied with weekly addition of T. chui at 15 × 104 cells mL-1 compared to other densities tested.Keywords:SalineBioflocMicroalgae
Spatial distortions in swept source optical coherence tomography due to lateral scanning
Authors: Fernandez Uceda Adrian , Venugopal Gopika , Podoleanu Adrian
Published: May 2024

The paper presents errors in axial distance measurements and deviations of contours in swept source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) cross sections due to lateral scanning. The study shows how these errors and deviations depend on the adjustments of the interface optics between a lateral scanner device and the target imaged. A theoretical model and experiments demonstrate that these errors and deviations are given by the Doppler shift frequency imprinted by the lateral scanning. The smaller the number of sweeps per lateral scanning interval, the larger these errors and deviations. The study also shows that the sign of error and deviation of contours can be put in correspondence with the spectral sweeping direction. Even more, it is shown that such effects can be used to predict the tuning direction of the swept source without an optical spectrum analyzer.
Critically examining international migration
Authors: Góis Pedro , Oliveira Nuno , Gaspar Sofia
Published: May 2024

In this Editorial to the Special Issue, Góis, Oliveira and Gaspar offer a critical exploration of international migration, particularly in the Portuguese context. They challenge traditional perspectives, arguing that simplistic dichotomies are inadequate to understand the complexities of migration and integration. The authors delve into Portugal’s changing migration landscape, advocating for an appreciation of the diverse motivations and experiences of migrants. Emphasizing the need for inclusive, multicultural policies, the article highlights the importance of recognizing the heterogeneity within migrant communities. Central to the discussion is the interplay between knowledge, politics and migration policies. The authors analyse the influence of institutions in shaping public perception and policy formulation, stressing the need for a nuanced approach in migration studies. The challenges in measuring immigrant integration are addressed, with a focus on the multifaceted nature of integration within sociology. The article also tackles the complexities of racial categorization in the context of migration, emphasizing the fluidity of identities and calls for more inclusive approaches to understanding racial dynamics. Through its critical examination of migration phenomena, the article aims to enhance understanding and inform the development of more effective and inclusive migration policies.
Mobility, precarity and productivity: The uncertain expansion and migration of science in Portugal
Authors: Cairns David
Published: May 2024

This article explores various aspects of the migration of science, including the circulation of scientific knowledge and the productivity of individual scientists. The first part of the article examines concepts that have helped define scientific employment, emphasizing the idea that a scientist’s work should align with an episteme. The second part scrutinizes this situation in Portugal, shedding light on two specific developments: the recent expansion of the scientific workforce and the outputs emanating from national research institutions. This includes a brief statistical overview of the levels of expansion in financial terms and an exploration of the success of scientific publishing using data derived from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and national statistics agencies. Data reveal that while the number of works produced has increased at a time during which greater numbers of scientists were being contracted, especially the decade preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of their work may have declined due to a lack of peer recognition, illustrated by a sharp decline in the number of citations received. This suggests that greater investment in science, specifically in recruiting fixed-term contract researchers, has not necessarily translated into measurable success. It also highlights the additional challenges posed by change in how scientific knowledge and scientists migrate.
What is in the box? Problematizing racial categories and their institutionalization
Authors: Oliveira Nuno
Published: May 2024

This article aims to critically discuss racial categorizations by problematizing (1) their nature, namely through an ontologically based discussion; (2) their genealogy, using a historically oriented critique and (3) the problems posed by their current applications, which means taking into account their identificatory breadth. Consequently, the article advances three overarching claims that question the use of racial categories: (1) they represent the legacy of a complex system institutionalizing the notion of race, which initially led to economic separation and subsequently pseudo-scientifically categorized populations for the purposes of subjugation and exploitation; (2) even with the provision for self-identification, the employed categories are those that sustained a colonial structure, and the apparent autonomy implied by the suffix ‘self’ effectively aligns with these existing structures in operational terms and (3) they run counter to the prevailing trend embracing multiplicity and the ‘trans’ suffix as a means of transcending hyphenated identities.
Citizenship, generational status and mixed origin: An analysis of immigrant heterogeneity on academic performance in Portuguese state schools
Authors: Seabra Teresa , Cândido Ana Filipa
Published: May 2024

The official annual data on pupils of immigrant origin published by the Portuguese Directorate-General of Education and Science Statistics primarily focus on the citizenship of pupils, excluding those with Portuguese citizenship of immigrant origin or host country citizenship (descendants of immigrants). To address this limitation, this article employs microdata from Directorate-General of Education and Science Statistics of the Ministry of Education and Science (DGEEC/MEC), incorporating information on the pupils’ and parents’ countries of birth to identify descendants of immigrants. The study covers all pupils in Portugal enrolled in basic (primary and lower secondary) and secondary (upper secondary) education during the 2018–19 academic year in state schools of continental Portugal, aiming to explore the impact of different social categories on the academic performance gap among native, immigrant and pupils of immigrant origin. The analysis includes categories based on citizenship status and birthplace of pupils and parents, along with subcategories related to generational status and type of ancestry. The findings reveal previously unknown differences in academic performance among pupils with an immigrant background in Portugal, challenging traditional understandings. Notably, considering only the citizenship of the pupil underestimates the representation of pupils of immigrant origin, second-generation pupils often exhibit comparable or superior academic paths and pupils with parentage of mixed origin, especially those with a native parent, demonstrate a significant advantage in academic performance.
Using the UTAUT2 components and trust to predict consumer acceptance of smart home technology: A systematic review
Authors: Plohl Nejc , Čuš Babič Nenad
Published: May 2024

While sales of smart home technology are increasing, some are still hesitant to use such products. These differences in smart home technology acceptance could potentially be explained with the extended Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2). However, the explanatory power of UTAUT2 in this context is still relatively unclear, and additional extensions, such as the inclusion of trust, have been proposed recently. In this systematic review, we address this issue by synthetizing evidence from 32 articles dealing with the relationship between the UTAUT2 components, trust, and smart home technology acceptance. Our results reveal that the UTAUT2 components and trust are all consistently correlated with behavioral intentions. In contrast, multivariate results show that only performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and price value are consistent predictors of technology acceptance. In the discussion, we outline possible explanations for such results and highlight the limitations of our review.
Analysis of the use of logistics-telematics systems for cost reduction in a transport company
Authors: Szcześniak Jakub , Gorzelańczyk Piotr
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which real-time monitoring of vehicles and the collection of operational data about them through telematic systems can contribute to the reduction of operating costs in a transport company. The study focuses on specific factors such as the driver's actions, which can affect the vehicle's technical condition and diesel consumption levels. Methodology: The research is based on an analysis of operational data obtained from the vehicles of a transport company engaged in international freight transportation. The data were primarily analyzed for an indicator related to total fuel (diesel) consumption while driving. Linear models were created using the least squares method, and the best-fitting models were selected to draw conclusions about the impact of telematic systems on the company's costs. Results: The study found that the introduction of a telematic system can have a positive impact on a transport company's operations and help reduce costs associated with the execution of transport orders. The analysis of the data showed that individual factors, such as driving time, average axle load, and average travel speed, can affect the total driving fuel consumption of all vehicles and contribute to the overall cost reduction. Theoretical contribution: This paper contributes to the understanding of the role of telematic systems in the optimization of fleet planning and management, which is a crucial aspect of the logistics of transporting goods. The research provides insights into the potential of real-time monitoring and data collection for improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transport companies. Practical implications: The findings of this study can be useful for transport companies looking to improve their operations and reduce costs. The research highlights the importance of using telematic systems in the right way to carry out the transportation of goods and suggests that real-time monitoring and data analysis can be key to minimizing costs and maximizing profits.
Sustainable production strategies in agricultural transport: Balancing economic efficiency and environmental impact
Authors: Niewiadomski Przemysław , Merkisz-Guranowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

Purpose. This paper aims to present a sustainable production strategy for manufacturing parts and components for agricultural transport means, focusing on minimising production costs and post-production waste generation. Methodology. The research employs a case study approach, using participant observation and analysis of a manufacturing company's specific production process for an agricultural trailer floor panel. The authors propose a model for optimising raw material selection and utilising post-production waste to achieve economic and environmental savings. Results. The results demonstrate that by selecting the appropriate raw material dimensions and implementing a product diversification strategy to utilise post-production waste, the manufacturer can reduce material costs and environmental losses while generating additional revenue streams. Theoretical contribution. The study contributes to sustainable production management by proposing a practical strategy model that balances economic efficiency and environmental concerns in manufacturing agricultural transport components. The model emphasises the importance of raw material selection, waste minimisation, and product diversification to achieve sustainability goals. Practical implications. The findings provide valuable insights for manufacturers in the agricultural transport sector, highlighting the potential benefits of adopting sustainable production strategies. The proposed model can be implemented in practice to optimise resource utilisation, reduce waste generation, and improve overall economic and environmental performance.
Assessment of operational performance and service quality in inland waterway transport: A case study of Warri Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Reuben Nwaogbe Obioma , Ogorode Priscillia
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the operational performance and service quality of inland waterway transport in Warri Southwest, Nigeria, by examining the factors that influence them. Methodology: The study employs a quantitative research approach, using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 180 respondents. The data is analyzed using regression analysis and a structural equation model (SEM) with the help of PLS Software Version 13.0. Results: The findings indicate that cargo clearance, infrastructure quality, and storage facilities significantly influence the performance of agent operation in inland waterway transport (p=0.000). Staff performance also directly impacts the provision of logistical services, which affects customer service. However, jetty operations do not promote operational performance (p=0.075). Additionally, staff performance does not significantly influence the association between jetty operation and performance and the relationship between cargo clearance and infrastructure level (p=0.136, 0.388). Theoretical contribution: This study contributes to the literature on inland waterway transport by providing empirical evidence on the factors influencing operational performance and service quality. The findings can help inform the development of policies and strategies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of inland waterway transport in Nigeria and other similar contexts. Practical implications: The study's recommendations include improving the quality of infrastructure, cargo clearance processes, and storage facilities to enhance operational performance. Additionally, investing in staff training and development can improve the provision of logistical services and, in turn, customer service. The study also suggests that the government and relevant stakeholders should prioritize the development of inland waterway transport to unlock its potential for socio-economic development, particularly in rural and hard-to-reach areas.
Impact of COVID-19 on bus rapid transit system usage in Lagos State, Nigeria: A comparative analysis
Authors: Aderibigbe Oluwayemi-Oniya
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the patronage levels of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Lagos State, Nigeria, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Primary data were collected through an online survey distributed via Google Forms, gathering socio-economic and travel information from respondents. Regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing trip frequency on the BRT system during each phase of the pandemic. Results: The findings revealed significant changes in transport costs and trip frequencies across the three periods. Before the pandemic, 55.64% of respondents spent between N501 and N1000 weekly on transport, while 56.41% spent N1501 and more weekly after the pandemic. The factors influencing trip frequency were seat availability, travel stability, driver attitude, ease of boarding and alighting, safety, travel time, and reliability. Theoretical Contribution: This research contributes to understanding the nuanced effects of COVID-19 on public transportation, particularly within the context of BRT systems in Lagos State. Practical Implications: The study suggests that strategic attention should be given to the lessons learned from COVID-19 to develop appropriate strategies for future unforeseen circumstances.
Radiomic Features at Contrast-Enhanced CT Predict Virus-Driven Liver Fibrosis: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Tang Shengnan , Wu Jin , Xu Shanshan , Sun Qikai , Zhou Zheyu , Xu Xiaoliang , Liu Yang , Liu Qiaoyu , Mao Yingfan , He Jian , Zhang Xudong , Yin Yin
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among in patients with chronic hepatitis. Radiomics, particularly of the spleen, may improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies. External validations are necessary to ensure reliability and generalizability.

METHODS:

In this retrospective study, we developed 3 radiomics models using contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans from 167 patients with liver fibrosis (training group) between January 2020 and December 2021. Radiomic features were extracted from arterial venous, portal venous, and equilibrium phase images. Recursive feature selection random forest and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression were used for feature selection and dimensionality reduction. Performance was assessed by area under the curve, C-index, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. External validation was performed on 114 patients from 2 institutions.

RESULTS:

Twenty-five radiomic features were significantly associated with fibrosis stage, with 80% of the top 10 features originating from portal venous phase spleen images. The radiomics models showed good performance in the validation cohort (C-indices 0.723–0.808) and excellent calibration. Decision curve analysis indicated clinical benefits, with machine learning-based radiomics models (Random Forest score and support vector machine based radiomics score) providing more significant advantages.

DISCUSSION:

Radiomic features offer significant benefits over existing serum indices for staging virus-driven liver fibrosis, underscoring the value of radiomics in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Specifically, radiomics analysis of the spleen presents additional noninvasive options for assessing fibrosis, highlighting its potential in improving patient management and outcomes.
The value of problem-based learning in teaching physiopathology
Authors: Benbernou Soumia , Kambouche Fouzia , Ghomari Nabil
Published: May 2024

Physiopathology is a complex medical science that requires knowledge of several medical fields. Its aim is to determine the origin, mechanism and explanation of the problem observed in the patient. This understanding of the physiopathological mechanism leads to specific therapeutic action which takes into account the process or processes incriminated in the occur-rence of the problem for the patient.
This important and complex subject has been taught by Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in several countries.
We want to apply this concept to the faculty of Mostaganem, our objectives are to evaluate the impact of PBL on the un-derstanding, reasoning and analysis of physiopathological mechanisms.
Effect of La-concentration (x) on some physical properties of LaxSm1-xS (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.35) alloys
Authors: Benmakhlouf Abdelfateh , Mezouar Rabie , Daoud Salah
Published: May 2024

In the present work, we studied the effect of the incorporation of Lanthanum (La) atoms into Samarium monosulfide (SmS) small gap mag-netic semiconductor birary compound. So some physical properties of pure (SmS) and La-doped SmS compound LaxSm1-xS (x = 0.1, 0.25 and 0.35) ternary alloys) were obtained. We found that the longitudinal wave velocity of LaxSm1-xS ternary alloys decreases monotonically and non-linearly with increasing La-concentration (x) from 0 to 35%, while the transverse and average elastic wave velocities, Debye tem-perature and Vickers Hardness for LaxSm1-xS (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.35) ternary alloys change non-monotonically and varied non-linearly with increasing La-concentration (x). For LaxSm1-xS (x = 0.1, 0.25 and 0.35) ternary alloys, the lattice parameters and the elastic constants used here are taken from the work of Schärer and Wachter (Solid State Communications, Vol. 96, No. 7, (1995), pp. 497–501), while for SmS divalent chalcogenide birary compound, the elastic constants used here are taken from the book edited by Sirdeshmukh et al. (D. B. Sirdeshmukh, L. Sirdeshmukh, K. G. Subhadra, Micro-and macro-properties of solids, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006, page 269). The Debye temperature was calculated using two different approches (Debye’s approch and Blackman’s approch) To the best of author knowledge, there is no any data in the literature on the Debye temperature and the minimum thermal conductivity for LaxSm1-xS (x = 0.1, 0.25 and 0.35) ternary alloys to make comparaison.
Deep Learning dalam Prediksi Kebiasaan Merokok di Inggris Guna Mendukung Kebijakan Kesehatan Masyarakat yang Lebih Efektif
Authors: Prabaswara Muhammad Arden , Pratama Kalistus Haris , Majid Desva Fitranda , Liantoni Febri
Published: May 2024

Smoking is a common practice throughout the world, where a person smokes and inhales the smoke produced from burning tobacco or other tobacco products. This action has become a significant global health issue because of the various health risks. This activity is often considered an addictive habit because nicotine, the psychoactive compound in tobacco, can cause physical and psychological dependence. This research applies Deep Learning methods to predict data on smoking habits in the UK. The dataset used in this research includes information about gender, age, marital status, highest level of education, nationality, ethnicity, income, and region. Through this research using Deep Learning methods, we can examine a complex data set that describes Smoking Habits in the UK. Based on trials with a dataset of 1,691 items, an accuracy of 78% was obtained. This research can provide important insights into the effectiveness of anti-smoking policies that have been implemented and help plan further actions to reduce the prevalence of smoking and its negative impact on society.
Ensemble Learning pada Kategorisasi Produk E-Commerce Menggunakan Teknik Boosting
Authors: Sepbriant Genta Dwigi , Utomo Danang Wahyu
Published: May 2024

The development of e-commerce significantly contributes to technological advancement, especially for businesses adopting the concept. The growth of e-commerce has seen a significant increase, reaching 196.47 million users in 2023. In e-commerce, a wide range of product variations is provided to users, which can lead to errors or confusion in product selection. Product categorization is crucial in e-commerce to assist users in navigating efficiently. However, manual categorization is less effective as it can be time-consuming. This study aims to clarify the factors of concern in grouping using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm in product categorization on the e-commerce platform. This research focuses on whether the novelty lies in the implemented algorithm, the variables used, or the applied grouping parameters. This work applies the XGBoost algorithm to improve the effectiveness of product categorization in e-commerce through ensemble learning approaches. The research findings indicate that boosting algorithms like XGBoost outperform individual algorithms like KNN regarding classification accuracy. This proves that ensemble learning approaches may greatly enhance product classification in e-commerce. The testing process of the implemented e-commerce system in this study also provides confidence in the theoretical and practical benefits of applying this research to enhance efficiency and user experience in product categorization on the e-commerce platform.