bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Support, Psychological Control, and Early Adolescents' Relationships with Friends and Dating Partners
Authors: Tuggle Felicia J. , Kerpelman Jennifer L. , Pittman Joe F.
Published: September 2014

Interdependence and social exchange theories were used to explore parent–adolescent relationship quality and early adolescents' relationships with close friends and dating partners. Associations among adolescents' perceptions of parental support and psychological control, peer relationship experiences (communication, emotional support, and possessiveness), and peer relationship satisfaction were examined using a test‐replication design. Our largely African American and female samples ranged from age 11 to 15. Results indicated the parenting variables were directly related to peer relationship experiences, which, in turn, predicted relationship satisfaction. The association between parental support and relationship satisfaction was mediated by peer communication and emotional support. Limited moderation by gender and relationship type was found. Parental psychological control mattered more for female and parental support more for male adolescents' close peer relationships. Dating partner possessiveness was most detrimental for females' relationship satisfaction, whereas communication influenced relationship satisfaction most for females reporting on friends and males reporting on dating partners.
IdsA is the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase involved in carotenogenesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Heider Sabine A. E. , Peters‐Wendisch Petra , Beekwilder Jules , Wendisch Volker F.
Published: September 2014

Corynebacterium glutamicum, a yellow‐pigmented soil bacterium that synthesizes the rare cyclic C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glucosides, has been engineered for the production of various carotenoids. CrtE was assumed to be the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase in carotenogenesis; however, deletion of crtE did not abrogate carotenoid synthesis. In silico analysis of the repertoire of prenyltransferases encoded by the C. glutamicum genome revealed two candidate GGPPS genes (idsA and ispB). The absence of pigmentation of an idsA deletion mutant and complementation experiments with a double deletion mutant lacking both idsA and crtE showed that IdsA is the major GGPPS of C. glutamicum and that crtE overexpression compensated for the lack of IdsA, whereas plasmid‐borne overexpression of ispB did not. Purified His‐tagged CrtE was active as a homodimer, whereas the active form of IdsA was homotetrameric. Both enzymes catalyzed prenyl transfer with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesylphosphate (FPP) as substrates. IdsA showed the highest catalytic efficiency with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and IPP, whereas the catalytic efficiency of CrtE was highest with geranyl pyrophosphate and IPP. Finally, application of prenyltransferase overexpression revealed that combined overexpression of idsA and the IPP isomerase gene idi in the absence of crtE led to the highest decaprenoxanthin titer reported to date.
Prioritising care services: Do the oldest users lose out?
Authors: Gautun Heidi , Grødem Anne Skevik
Published: September 2014

Population ageing is a major concern in most European countries. Demands for health‐ and care services will increase, as older people typically have a higher need for such services. What is often overlooked, however, is that older users increasingly compete with younger users for the same limited care resources. We ask: How do employees in the Norwegian care sector make decisions regarding the allocation of services to younger and older users? To answer this question, we interviewed decision‐makers in Norwegian municipalities. Despite providing for equal rights to services, laws allow for an interpretation of needs and this can result in the unequal distribution of services. Our study indicates that needs are defined differently for younger and older users, which affects the amount, type and content of the services allocated to younger and older people. When resources are scarce and priorities must be established, the services to the oldest suffer.

Key Practitioner Message: ● The article lays the groundwork for an open debate about the allocation of resources to users in different life phases; ● The analysis conceptualises and makes explicit important normative decisions made by practitioners.
The Decade of Immigrant Dispersion and Growth: A Cohort Analysis of Children of Immigrants’ Educational Experiences 1990–2002
Authors: Potochnick Stephanie , Mooney Margarita
Published: September 2014

The 1990s marked the beginning of a new era of immigration in terms of volume and settlement patterns and also witnessed significant changes in the social contexts confronting immigrants. These changes could have significant repercussions for immigrant youth. While previous research on high school dropout behavior suggests immigrant youth are faring better in US schools, our research provides a less optimistic outlook. Using the National Educational Longitudinal Study (1988) and Educational Longitudinal Study (2002), we use multivariate analysis, regression decomposition, and fixed effect models to examine how reading and math test scores of children of immigrants changed during the 1990s.
Change and Continuity in Australian International Migration Policy
Authors: Hugo Graeme
Published: September 2014

Almost half Australia's population are an immigrant or the child of an immigrant. This paper traces changes in Australia's immigration policy over the postwar period and relates them to changing global and national developments. While Australian postwar immigration policy changes are similar in many ways to those in other “traditional” migration countries there are a number of distinctive elements. The effectiveness of those policies in achieving government goals is assessed and it is concluded that most objectives of policy have been successfully achieved. Nevertheless there are a number of challenges which Australian policy makers face over the next decade.
When the Army Got Progressive: The Civil Affairs Training School at Stanford University, 1943–1945
Authors: Justice Benjamin
Published: September 2014

They sat in the Cubberley Education Lecture Hall to hear visiting experts. More often they could be found meeting in reduced-size classes, or working on small-group activities. They usually took notes; sometimes they took field trips. They memorized lists and sat for exams, but they also watched films and acted out scenarios. Rather than take regular courses in the disciplines, they studied an integrated curriculum referred to as “Area Relationships.” Some faculty collaborated, team taught, and drew on students' prior knowledge. Even some administrators joined in the role-playing for the big culminating activity. The head of the program explained the reason for such a break from the traditional Stanford experience: “Special effort must be made to supply the student with points of view and methods of procedure which will enable him most quickly and most surely to survey a situation, analyze a problem, and formulate a solution.”
Sweeping Out Home Economics: Curriculum Reform at Connecticut College for Women, 1952–1962
Authors: Marthers Paul Philip
Published: September 2014

At the moment of its founding in 1911, Connecticut College for Women exhibited a curricular tension between an emphasis on the liberal arts, which mirrored the elite men's and women's colleges of the day, and vocational aspects, which made it a different type of women's college, one designed to prepare women for the kind of lives they would lead in twentieth-century America. Connecticut was a women's college that simultaneously embraced the established brand of education practiced by its prestigious Seven Sister neighbors and forged its own path by integrating elements of home economics, municipal housekeeping, and professional/clerical training into its academic program. For forty years Connecticut College for Women achieved a balance between those two opposing poles of its curriculum.
Androgen receptor polymorphisms and testicular cancer risk
Authors: Grassetti D. , Giannandrea F. , Paoli D. , Masciandaro P. , Figura V. , Carlini T. , Rizzo F. , Lombardo F. , Lenzi A. , Gandini L.
Published: September 2014

Testicular cancer (TC) is currently the most common malignant solid tumour in Caucasian males aged 15–39 years. Epidemiological evidence suggests that its onset may be due to an imbalance in the action of steroidal sex hormones and their receptors. A faulty androgen receptor signalling pathway can, in fact, cause various male reproductive disorders. The androgen receptor (AR) gene has two polymorphic segments consisting ofCAGandGGCrepeats. The length ofCAGrepeats has been shown to affect the regulation ofARactivity. In our study, we used fragment analysis to evaluate theARgene repeats of 302TCpatients and 322 controls, to establish if there is any association between repeat number andTC. This study of the largest Italian caseload investigated to date highlighted three particularly significant aspects. First, aCAGrepeat number of ≥25 may be considered a risk factor for the onset ofTC, given its greater frequency in patients in comparison with controls. This difference became significant for the non‐seminoma group. Second, men withCAGrepeats below 21 or above 24 were found to have a, respectively, 50 and 76% higher risk ofTCthan those withCAG21–24, suggesting that these too can be considered a risk factor forTC. Finally, stageIIpatients were more likely to have aCAGrepeat number <21 or >24 than stage I patients.
Sun skink diversification across the Indian–Southeast Asian biogeographical interface
Authors: Barley Anthony J. , Datta‐Roy Aniruddha , Karanth K. Praveen , Brown Rafe M.
Published: September 2014

Aim

Widespread, transcontinental vertebrate groups represent ideal systems for biogeographical studies, because they can shed light on a wide range of questions relating to species diversification across the geographical template. We combined extensive geographical and genetic sampling from across multiple biogeographical realms to examine the timing and location of diversification in Asian sun skinks, a clade characterized by problematic species boundaries and a particularly enigmatic evolutionary history.

Location

Indian subcontinent, the Philippines, Southeast Asia and Sundaland.

Methods

We sequenced one mitochondrial and nine nuclear genes for most species in the genus Eutropis, and estimated phylogenetic relationships and divergence times using coalescent methods. To investigate the location of diversification events, we also estimated ancestral geographical ranges using several methods. Finally, we explored patterns of genetic diversity within several poorly understood, but widely distributed species.

Results

Divergence‐time estimates indicate that Eutropis began to diversify during the Eocene. Biogeographical reconstructions show that species diversification was associated with dispersal into three biogeographical realms: India, Sundaland and the Philippines.

Main conclusions

The results of this study clarify several questions related to the evolutionary history of Eutropis, and place them in the context of classic Southeast Asian biogeography. Our study represents one of the first to compile a heavily sampled multilocus dataset ranging across international boundaries in southern Asia that have historically prevented a unified understanding of biogeographical and evolutionary processes involving the Indian subcontinent, mainland southern Asia and the island archipelagos of Southeast Asia.
On Attempting to Do What Lord Said Was Impossible: Commentary on van der Linden's “Some Conceptual Issues in Observed‐Score Equating”
Authors: Dorans Neil J.
Published: September 2014

van der Linden (this issue) uses words differently than Holland and Dorans. This difference in language usage is a source of some confusion in van der Linden's critique of what he calls equipercentile equating. I address these differences in language. van der Linden maintains that there are only two requirements for score equating. I maintain that the requirements he discards have practical utility and are testable. The score equity requirement proposed by Lord suggests that observed score equating was either unnecessary or impossible. Strong equity serves as the fulcrum for van der Linden's thesis. His proposed solution to the equity problem takes inequitable measures and aligns conditional error score distributions, resulting in a family of linking functions, one for each level of θ. In reality, θ is never known. Use of an anchor test as a proxy poses many practical problems, including defensibility.
TARGET‐MANAGEMENT‐INVOLVED BUYOUTS: IMPACT ON TAKEOVER COMPETITION, LITIGATION RISK, AND SHAREHOLDER RETURNS
Authors: Gogineni Sridhar , Puthenpurackal John
Published: September 2014

We examine the impact of target management involvement as bidders in a sample of completed going‐private buyouts. Announcement‐period and long‐run target shareholder returns do not appear to be lower in management‐involved deals. We attempt to identify disciplining mechanisms in the takeover process that can explain this result. We find that target shareholder lawsuits are more likely when management is involved, and litigation risk appears to positively affect target returns. We also study a sample of withdrawn buyout deals and find that a significant number of management bids are unsuccessful, further suggesting that safeguards exist in management‐involved deals.
Oral microbiome composition changes in mouse models of colitis
Authors: Rautava Jaana , Pinnell Lee J , Vong Linda , Akseer Nadia , Assa Amit , Sherman Philip M
Published: September 2014

Background and Aim

Oral mucosal pathologies are frequent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since host–microbiome interactions are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, in this study the potential for changes affecting the oral microbiome was evaluated using two complementary mouse models of colitis: either chemically (dextran sulfate sodium) or with Citrobacter rodentium infection.

Methods

After sacrifice, the tongue, buccal mucosa, saliva, colon, and stool samples were collected for analyses. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed to assess bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiles. Relative changes were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochetes, and Actinobacteria, classes Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, and the genera Bacillus and Lactobacillus. These groups represent over 99% of the oral microbiota of healthy C57BL/6 mice.

Results

Both models of colitis changed the oral microbiome, with the buccal microbiome being the most resistant to alterations in composition (maximum 1.8% change, vs tongue maximum 2.5% change, and saliva which demonstrated up to 7.2% total changes in microbiota composition). Changes in the oral microbiota were greater after dextran sulfate sodium challenge, compared with C. rodentium‐induced colitis. Using cluster analysis, tongue and buccal mucosal microbiota composition changed ∼ 5%, saliva ∼ 35%, while stool changed ∼ 10%.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that dysbiosis observed in murine models of colitis is associated with changes in the composition of bacteria present in the oral cavity and in saliva. Such changes in the oral microbiota could be relevant to the etiology and management of oral mucosal pathologies observed in IBD patients.
Mutational Analysis of the Genes Encoding RFAmide‐Related Peptide‐3, the Human Orthologue of Gonadotrophin‐Inhibitory Hormone, and its Receptor (GPR147) in Patients with Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone‐Dependent Pubertal Disorders
Authors: Lima C. J. G. , Cardoso S. C. , Lemos E. F. L. , Zingler E. , Capanema C. , Menezes L. D. , Vogado G. , dos Santos B. T. A. , de Moraes O. L. , Duarte E. F. , de Brito V. N. , Latronico A. C. , Lofrano‐Porto A.
Published: September 2014

RFamide‐related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3), the orthologue of avian gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone, and its receptor GPR147 have been recently identified in the human hypothalamus, and their roles in the regulation of reproductive axis has been studied. The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of variants in the genes encoding human RFRP‐3 (NPVF gene) and its receptor, GPR147 (NPFFR1 gene), is associated with the occurrence of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐dependent pubertal disorders. Seventy‐eight patients with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) and 51 with normosmic isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (nIHH) were investigated. Fifty healthy subjects comprised the control group. The coding sequences of the NPVF and NPFFR1 genes were amplified and sequenced. Odds ratios (OR) were used to estimate the likelihood of CPP or nIHH in the presence of the described polymorphisms. All such polymorphisms have already been registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. A three‐nucleotide in frame deletion was identified in the NPVF gene (p.I71_K72), with a smaller proportion in the CPP (5%) compared to the nIHH (15%) group (P = 0.06). This results in the deletion of the isoleucine at position 71, adjacent to lysine at an endoproteolytic cleavage site of the precursor peptide. This polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CPP (OR = 0.33; 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.88); interestingly, only two men with nIHH were homozygotes for this variant. A total of five missense polymorphisms were found in the NPFFR1 gene, which encodes GPR147, with similar frequencies among groups and no association with pubertal timing. Our data suggest that RFRP‐3/GPR147 may play secondary, modulatory roles on the regulation of pubertal development; a restraining modulatory effect of the NPVF p.I71_K72 variant on the activation of the gonadotrophic axis cannot be ruled out and deserves further investigation.
Course Content Related to Chronic Wounds in Nursing Degree Programs in Spain
Authors: Romero‐Collado Angel , Raurell‐Torreda Marta , Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo Edurne , Homs‐Romero Erica , Bertran‐Noguer Carme
Published: September 2014

Purpose

To analyze content related to chronic wounds in nursing degree programs in Spain.

Design

Cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

Course descriptions available for online access during June and July of 2012 were reviewed for the 114 centers in Spain that offer a nursing degree, according to the official Registry of Universities, Centers, and Titles.

Findings

Of the 114 centers with degree programs, 95 (83.3%) post course content online, which make it possible to analyze 2,258 courses. In 60 (63.1%) of these centers, none of the courses included the concept of pressure ulcer prevention, and the course content posted by 36 (37.9%) centers made no mention of their treatment. None of the course descriptions contained any reference to pain management in patients with chronic wounds. Of the 728 elective courses analyzed, only one was related to chronic wounds.

Conclusions

This review of available information about nursing degree programs in Spain indicates that pain management in patients with chronic wounds is not addressed in any course, and more courses consider the treatment of pressure ulcers than their prevention.

Clinical Relevance

Degree programs responsible for the training of future nurses should be reviewed and revised as needed to ensure that graduates have acquired minimum basic competencies in the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds that help to decrease the theory–practice gap in this field.
GFAP immunoreactivity within the rat nucleus ambiguus after laryngeal nerve injury
Authors: Berdugo‐Vega G. , Arias‐Gil G. , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ M. , Davies D. C. , Vázquez T. , Pascual‐Font A.
Published: September 2014

Changes that occur in astroglial populations of the nucleus ambiguus after recurrent (RLN) or superior (SLN) laryngeal nerve injury have hitherto not been fully characterised. In the present study, rat RLN and SLN were lesioned. After 3, 7, 14, 28 or 56 days of survival, the nucleus ambiguus was investigated by means of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence or a combination of GFAP immunofluorescence and the application of retrograde tracers. GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly increased 3 days after RLN resection and it remained significantly elevated until after 28 days post injury (dpi). By 56 dpi it had returned to basal levels. In contrast, following RLN transection with repair, GFAP immunoreactivity was significantly elevated at 7 dpi and remained significantly elevated until 14 dpi. It had returned to basal levels by 28 dpi. Topographical analysis of the distribution of GFAP immunoreactivity revealed that after RLN injury, GFAP immunoreactivity was increased beyond the area of the nucleus ambiguus within which RLN motor neuron somata were located. GFAP immunoreactivity was also observed in the vicinity of neuronal somata that project into the uninjured SLN. Similarly, lesion of the SLN resulted in increased GFAP immunoreactivity around the neuronal somata projecting into it and also in the vicinity of the motor neuron somata projecting into the RLN. The increase in GFAP immunoreactivity outside of the region containing the motor neurons projecting into the injured nerve, may reflect the onset of a regenerative process attempting to compensate for impairment of one of the laryngeal nerves and may occur because of the dual innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. This dual innervation of a very specialised muscle could provide a useful model system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal regeneration process and the results of the current study could provide the basis for studies into functional regeneration following laryngeal nerve injury, with subsequent application to humans.
Patient participation in patient safety and nursing input – a systematic review
Authors: Vaismoradi Mojtaba , Jordan Sue , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectives

This systematic review aims to synthesise the existing research on how patients participate in patient safety initiatives.

Background

Ambiguities remain about how patients participate in routine measures designed to promote patient safety.

Design

Systematic review using integrative methods.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched using keywords describing patient involvement, nursing input and patient safety initiatives to retrieve empirical research published between 2007 and 2013. Findings were synthesized using the theoretical domains of Vincent's framework for analysing risk and safety in clinical practice: “patient”, “healthcare provider”, “task”, “work environment”, “organisation & management”.

Results

We identified 17 empirical research papers: four qualitative, one mixed‐method and 12 quantitative designs. All 17 papers indicated that patients can participate in safety initiatives.

Conclusions

Improving patient participation in patient safety necessitates considering the patient as a person, the nurse as healthcare provider, the task of participation and the clinical environment. Patients' knowledge, health conditions, beliefs and experiences influence their decisions to engage in patient safety initiatives. An important component of the management of long‐term conditions is to ensure that patients have sufficient knowledge to participate. Healthcare providers may need further professional development in patient education and patient care management to promote patient involvement in patient safety, and ensure that patients understand that they are ‘allowed’ to inform nurses of adverse events or errors. A healthcare system characterised by patient‐centredness and mutual acknowledgement will support patient participation in safety practices. Further research is required to improve international knowledge of patient participation in patient safety in different disciplines, contexts and cultures.

Relevance to clinical practice

Patients have a significant role to play in enhancing their own safety while receiving hospital care. This review offers a framework for clinicians to develop comprehensive practical guidelines to support patient involvement in patient safety.
Translation of interviews from a source language to a target language: examining issues in cross‐cultural health care research
Authors: Al‐Amer Rasmieh , Ramjan Lucie , Glew Paul , Darwish Maram , Salamonson Yenna
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectives

To illuminate translation practice in cross‐language interview in health care research and its impact on the construction of the data.

Background

Globalisation and changing patterns of migration have created changes to the world's demography; this has presented challenges for overarching social domains, specifically, in the health sector. Providing ethno‐cultural health services is a timely and central facet in an ever‐increasingly diverse world. Nursing and other health sectors employ cross‐language research to provide knowledge and understanding of the needs of minority groups, which underpins cultural‐sensitive care services. However, when cultural and linguistic differences exist, they pose unique complexities for cross‐cultural health care research; particularly in qualitative research where narrative data are central for communication as most participants prefer to tell their story in their native language. Consequently, translation is often unavoidable in order to make a respondent's narrative vivid and comprehensible, yet, there is no consensus about how researchers should address this vital issue.

Design

An integrative literature review.

Methods

PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies published before January 2014, and hand searched reference lists of studies were selected.

Results

This review of cross‐language health care studies highlighted three major themes, which identify factors often reported to affect the translation and production of data in cross‐language research: (1) translation style; (2) translators; and (3) trustworthiness of the data.

Conclusion

A plan detailing the translation process and analysis of health care data must be determined from the study outset to ensure credibility is maintained. A transparent and systematic approach in reporting the translation process not only enhances the integrity of the findings but also provides overall rigour and auditability.

Relevance to clinical practice

It is important that minority groups have a voice in health care research which, if accurately translated, will enable nurses to improve culturally relevant care.
Analysis of pregnancies in women with Takayasu arteritis: Complication of Takayasu arteritis involving obstetric or cardiovascular events
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Tanaka Kayo , Kamiya Chizuko , Iwanaga Naoko , Yoshimatsu Jun
Published: September 2014

Aims

The incidence of Takayasu arteritis during child‐bearing years is relatively high. The management of pregnancies in patients with this disease is of great importance in clinical obstetrics. Here we analyzed pregnancies of women with Takayasu arteritis with and without complications.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively identified 27 pregnancies in 20 women with Takayasu arteritis seen between 1983 and 2005 at the National Cardiovascular Center, in Osaka, Japan. The incidences of obstetric events, steroid dose increase in pregnancy, and cardiovascular events were compared between group I (no complications), group II (one complication), and group III (two or more complications).

Results

None of the pregnancies showed Takayasu arteritis activity. The obstetric events were pre‐eclampsia in four pregnancies (15%), fetal growth restriction in one (4%), and abruption in one (4%). Three pregnancies involved a steroids dose increase. There were no cardiovascular events. Eighty percent of the pregnancies that included an obstetric event also involved the mother's chronic hypertension.

Conclusions

Pregnant women without active Takayasu arteritis have a low risk of developing a cardiovascular event. For women with chronic hypertension, it might be important to note the development of pre‐eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and abruption.
Pregnancy complicated by a Krukenberg tumor with an undetermined origin and its management
Authors: Tulek Firat , Kahraman Alper , Taskin Salih , Sertcelik Ayse , Ortac Firat
Published: September 2014

Krukenberg tumor in pregnancy is very rare and management of this condition is a dilemma for physicians. Moreover, the existence of a primary Krukenberg tumor is still in debate. Herein, we present a 29‐year‐old woman at 29 weeks of pregnancy, admitted with premature labor and revealed to have a signet ring cell ovarian tumor with an undetermined primary origin. A primary Krukenberg tumor or a Krukenberg tumor with an undetermined origin has not been previously reported in a pregnant patient. By virtue of the controversy, we are not eager to use the term ‘primary Krukenberg tumor’ for this case, although the possibility of the existence of this kind of tumor cannot be totally ignored.
Living Apart Together and Money: New Partnerships, Traditional Gender Roles
Authors: Lyssens‐Danneboom Vicky , Mortelmans Dimitri
Published: September 2014

Drawing on qualitative interview data from a sample of 54 men and women engaged in living apart together (LAT) partnerships in Belgium (Flanders), this study explored the organization and exchange of money in LAT arrangements. The data showed that the heterogeneity of LAT partnerships is reflected in couples' monetary behavior, with couples who foresee cohabitation (transitional LATs) showing more marriage‐like exchanges of financial support than those who perceive living apart together as a more permanent arrangement (permanent LATs). The economic position of the partners and the importance attached to economic independence and breadwinning mediate the impact of future expectations on the financial practices of LAT couples. The data also showed that traditional notions of gender and coupledom continue to be strongly influential, even in nontraditional types of partnerships.
Antisociality and the Construct of Psychopathy: Data From Across the Globe
Authors: Neumann Craig S. , Hare Robert D. , Pardini Dustin A.
Published: September 2014

Previous theory and research on the structural, longitudinal, and genetic nature of psychopathy have provided strong conceptual and empirical evidence that overt antisociality is a component of the psychopathy construct (Hare & Neumann, 2008, 2010; Lynam & Miller, 2012). However, determination of the strength of the association between antisociality and other psychopathic features has not been explored systematically. The current article draws on previously published large North American studies, as well as data from across the globe, to estimate the strength and pattern of the associations between overt antisociality and other psychopathic domains in a diverse set of samples. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate model parameters from samples that had data on either the Psychopathy Checklist‐Instruments (PCL‐R, PCL: YV, PCL: SV) or self‐report assessments that have known latent structures (SRP, B‐Scan 360). In addition, two relatively large samples (male offenders and young adult males), assessed with both the PCL‐R and the SRP, provided an opportunity to examine the link between antisociality and the other psychopathy domains across different assessment methods. The overall findings indicate that the associations were moderate to strong, depending on the nature of the sample, and clearly indicate that antisociality is a core component of the psychopathy construct.
When Do Personality and Emotion Predict Destructive Behavior During Relationship Conflict? The Role of Perceived Commitment Asymmetry
Authors: Lemay Edward P. , Dobush Sarah
Published: September 2014

The current research examined whether perceived asymmetries in relationship commitment moderate the associations of personality traits and emotional states with enactment of hostile behavior during relationship conflicts. Participants included both members of 53 heterosexual romantic couples (Mage = 25.5 years). Participants completed questionnaire measures assessing personality traits, emotional states, relationship commitment, and perceptions of their partner's commitment. Participants then had an observed conflict discussion with their partner, which was rated by a panel of objective observers for hostile behavior. When participants perceived that they were less committed than their partners, their enactment of hostile behavior was predicted by traits and states that are associated with antisocial and pro‐social orientations (i.e., agreeableness, trait anger, chronic jealousy, and state negative emotion). In contrast, participants who perceived that they were more committed than their partners tended to refrain from hostile behavior, despite traits or states that may suggest hostile inclinations. These results suggest that perceiving that one is less committed than one's partner promotes behavioral expression of interpersonal dispositions and emotions, whereas perceiving that one is more committed than one's partner motivates inhibition of hostile behavior.
Package Graphic Design: Investigating the Variables that Moderate Consumer Response to Atypical Designs
Authors: Celhay Franck , Trinquecoste Jean François
Published: September 2014

Designers and marketing managers often agree that visual codes, in terms of product and package design, typify certain product categories. These “category‐based visual codes” refer to the formal and graphic characteristics most frequently seen in a given category, like specific shapes, colors, materials, typefaces, layouts, and illustrations. Given that the concept of “category‐based visual codes” seems to be connected with the concepts of “perceived typicality,” “cognitive categories,” “family resemblance,” and “design newness,” this research examines the impact of typicality/atypicality judgments regarding the visual appearance of a product on consumers' aesthetic appreciation and purchase intent. Several studies have sought to determine the relationships among design perceived typicality, aesthetic appreciation, and purchase intent. However, the literature indicates contradictory results. While some studies have shown a preference for the most typical design, others have demonstrated that consumers prefer moderately atypical design. This paper offers an explanation for this discrepancy by providing evidence that the relationships among design perceived typicality, aesthetic appreciation, and purchase intent are a case of moderated mediation. An empirical study using wine labels was conducted with 780 respondents. The results indicate that the relationships among perceived typicality, aesthetic appreciation, and purchase intent are linear and positive, although several individual variables have a moderating effect. Thus, it appears that certain consumer segments are more likely to appreciate atypical packages. Moreover, the level of perceived risk at the time of purchase also plays an essential role. Consumers are more apt to accept atypical packaging when the perceived risk is low. Several theoretical and managerial implications are drawn from these results.
Open for Ideation: Individual‐Level Openness and Idea Generation in R&D
Authors: Salter Ammon , Ter Wal Anne L. J. , Criscuolo Paola , Alexy Oliver
Published: September 2014

Organizations are increasingly encouraging their scientists and engineers to source knowledge externally. However, it is unclear how the openness of individuals to external sources of knowledge affects their ideation performance, that is, their ability to develop new, useful innovative ideas for their organization, and which factors might moderate this process. Drawing on theories of combinatorial search, and using a sample of 329 R&D scientists and engineers working in a large organization, we demonstrate that individuals' openness to external sources of knowledge is curvilinearly related to their ideation performance. Openness provides benefits such as alertness and variety which contribute to ideation up to the point where increasing integration and approval costs cause negative returns to set in. We also examine how the R&D time horizon, ties to senior managers, and the breadth of individual knowledge moderate the costs and benefits of openness to individuals. We explore the implications of these findings for managerial practice.
Vulnerability to Loneliness in People with Intellectual Disability: An Explanatory Model
Authors: Gilmore Linda , Cuskelly Monica
Published: September 2014

Research with typically developing groups has identified loneliness as a significant predictor of a range of physical and mental health problems. This paper reviews research about loneliness in children and adults with intellectual disability. Although a considerable body of evidence has highlighted the difficulties individuals with intellectual disability have with friendships, there is a relative scarcity of research focused explicitly on loneliness. The available evidence suggests that up to half of persons with intellectual disability are chronically lonely, compared with around 15–30% of people in the general population. The cognitive, physical, and mental health problems already associated with intellectual disability are likely to be compounded by experiences of chronic loneliness. We argue that people with intellectual disability are highly vulnerable to loneliness and present a theoretical model of vulnerability that comprises three reciprocally influencing domains: social attitudes and expectations; opportunities and experiences; and skill deficits associated with intellectual disability. We propose that societal views that have traditionally devalued and stigmatized persons with intellectual disability limit their opportunities for experiencing social and emotional connectedness with others. Individual skill deficits in areas such as communication, self‐regulation, and social understanding, as well as functional difficulties associated with intellectual disability, also potentially influence the opportunities and experiences of people with intellectual disability, both directly and via multiple layers of the social context. In turn, limited opportunities will entrench particular skill deficits and reinforce negative attitudes toward intellectual disability. The model proposed in this paper provides a starting point for developing a more sophisticated understanding of the experience of loneliness for individuals with intellectual disability.
Shifting the Paradigm: An Assessment of the Quality of Fall Risk Reduction in Nebraska Hospitals
Authors: Jones Katherine J. , Venema Dawn M. , Nailon Regina , Skinner Anne M. , High Robin , Kennel Victoria
Published: September 2014

Purpose

To assess the prevalence of evidence‐based fall risk reduction structures and processes in Nebraska hospitals; whether fall rates are associated with specific structures and processes; and whether fall risk reduction structures, processes, and outcomes vary by hospital type—Critical Access Hospital (CAH) versus non‐CAH.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of Nebraska's 83 general community hospitals, 78% of which are CAHs. We used a negative binomial rate model to estimate fall rates while adjusting for hospital volume (patient days) and the exact Pearson chi‐square test to determine associations between hospital type and the structure and process of fall risk reduction.

Findings

Approximately two‐thirds or more of 70 hospitals used 6 of 9 evidence‐based universal fall risk reduction interventions; 50% or more used 14 of 16 evidence‐based targeted interventions. After adjusting for hospital volume, hospitals in which teams integrated evidence from multiple disciplines and reflected upon data and modified polices/procedures based upon data had significantly lower total and injurious fall rates per 1,000 patient days than hospitals that did not. Non‐CAHs were significantly more likely than CAHs to perform 5 organizational‐level fall risk reduction processes. CAHs reported significantly greater total (5.9 vs 4.0) and injurious (1.7 vs 0.9) fall rates per 1,000 patient days than did non‐CAHs.

Conclusions

Hospital type was a significant predictor of fall rates. However, shifting the paradigm for fall risk reduction from a nursing‐centric approach to one in which teams implement evidence‐based practices and learn from data may decrease fall risk regardless of hospital type.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Mental Health, Resilience, Stigma, and Social Support Among Young Australian Gay Men
Authors: Lyons Anthony , Hosking Warwick , Rozbroj Tomas
Published: September 2014

Purpose

Depression and anxiety are common among young gay men, particularly in comparison with their heterosexual counterparts. Little is known about the mental health and well‐being of those living in rural areas, where access to support and opportunities for connecting with other gay men may be relatively limited. We examined differences in the well‐being of young rural and urban Australian gay men, including mental health, resilience, stigma‐related challenges, and social support.

Methods

A national online survey was conducted involving 1,034 Australian gay‐identified men aged 18‐39 years.

Findings

All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic differences between the rural and urban samples. On average, rural men had significantly lower self‐esteem, lower life satisfaction, lower social support, and were significantly more likely to be psychologically distressed, concerned about acceptance from others, and to conceal their sexual orientation compared to urban gay men. While resilience among the rural group was lower, this was no longer significant following sociodemographic adjustment. An examination of psychosocial predictors of psychological distress in the rural sample revealed that lower education and lower tangible support independently predicted greater distress.

Conclusions

Young rural Australian gay men appear to be at a considerable disadvantage with regard to mental health and well‐being compared with their urban counterparts, and they may need particular attention in mental health prevention and treatment programs.
Effectiveness of intervention led by a community pharmacist for improving recognition of sleep apnea in primary care – a cohort study
Authors: Perraudin Clémence , Fleury Bernard , Pelletier‐Fleury Nathalie
Published: September 2014

Despite its high prevalence and major public health ramifications, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) remains underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to determine whether the involvement of a community pharmacist (CP) in the care pathway of a patient at risk of OSAS, through the implementation of a community pharmacist (CP) intervention, was effective, i.e. increased the use of diagnostic tests in this population. We compared a cohort of patients included in a research protocol (exposed to a CP intervention) with patients having the same characteristics taken from a general population database who did not receive the intervention (unexposed group). The aim of the CP intervention was to educate patients about the risk of untreated OSAS, encouraging them to consult their general practitioner, and urging the doctor to continue investigations. We included 782 patients at risk of OSAS, i.e. taking one or more anti‐hypertensive drugs, being overweight (body mass index >25) and snoring almost every night (88 in the exposed group and 694 in the unexposed group). After a 6‐month follow‐up, the number of patients who underwent an OSAS diagnostic test was significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (22.7 versus 11.4%, P = 0.003). Being exposed to the pharmacist intervention was associated with a higher chance of undergoing a diagnostic test for OSAS, adjusted odds ratio: 2.24 (1.25–4.01). In conclusion, these findings provide arguments for the implementation of a CP OSAS screening intervention in CP routine practice.
Soluble CD163 is an indicator of liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus
Authors: Dultz G. , Gerber L. , Farnik H. , Berger A. , Vermehren J. , Pleli T. , Zeuzem S. , Piiper A. , Kronenberger B. , Waidmann O.
Published: September 2014

Soluble CD163 (sCD163), a marker for macrophage activation, was found to be associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether serum sCD163 levels correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In a retrospective cohort study, serum sCD163 levels were assessed by ELISA together with clinical and laboratory data in 186 patients with chronic HBV infection and 15 healthy controls. The relation between parameters for liver fibrosis and necroinflammation and sCD163 levels was analysed. Additionally, sCD163 was quantified in a subset of follow‐up serum samples after initiation of antiviral treatment. sCD163 levels differed among phases of chronic HBV infection (P < 0.0001), and sCD163 concentrations were associated with inflammatory activity and fibrosis in the liver. sCD163 levels ≥1961 ng/l had a high specificity in the identification of subjects with substantial fibrosis (F ≥ 2). sCD163 concentrations decreased significantly after initiation of antiviral treatment. The correlation of sCD163 levels with necroinflammation and fibrosis and the sCD163 decline under treatment indicates that macrophage activation plays a role in HBV‐related liver pathogenesis.
Reservoir volumetric and sedimentation survey data: A necessary tool for evaluating historic sediment flux and appropriate mitigation response
Authors: McAlister Jason R. , Fox William E. , Wilcox Bradford , Srinivasan Raghavan
Published: September 2014

Multi‐frequency reservoir survey techniques offer a technological means to verify historic sediment delivery estimates and to quantify the effectiveness of conservation implementation. A multi‐year, multi‐frequency acoustic survey of Granger Lake, Texas, was undertaken to demonstrate the application of this technology and the value of its derivatives. Granger Lake is a drinking water resource for surrounding cities, perceived as being threatened by agriculture‐driven sedimentation, and the focus of a watershed conservation implementation programme. Objectives of the present study were to (i) conduct sub‐bottom profiling to verify the pre‐impoundment capacity of the reservoir; (ii) plot historic bathymetric datasets, including pre‐impoundment surface determined by low‐frequency acoustics, identifying any changes in annualized sediment delivery curve to date; and (iii) quantify changes in sediment delivery resulting from agricultural conservation practices implemented as part of the Granger Lake Watershed Assessment and Implementation Project. The sediment‐profiling results indicated that the pre‐impoundment design estimates were overstated, thereby skewing historic sediment delivery estimates. Adjusting the 1980 pre‐impoundment volume of Granger Lake indicated that the historic trend in Granger Lake sedimentation/water storage loss was markedly less acute. Although sedimentation did accelerate somewhat in the mid‐1990s, the intervals following the 1995–2002 survey period revealed a trend of decelerating sedimentation. Reduced sedimentation as a response to conservation implementation is not distinguishable beyond what is seen as a steady downward trend in sediment delivery. Insights from this study highlight the important role of multi‐frequency reservoir survey techniques for refining watershed conservation and/or reservoir sustaining strategies.