bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switchability of Gabapentin Formulations: A Randomized Trial to Assess Bioequivalence Between Neurontin and Gabasandoz on the Individual Subject Level
Authors: Van Lancker Griet , Van Bortel Luc , Delafontaine Brant , Boussery Koen , Swart Eleonora , Chahbouni Abdel , Van Bocxlaer Jan , Colin Pieter
Published: January 2019

Generic substitution of antiepileptic drugs is generally not advised by neurologists. The present study investigated the switchability of gabapentin 800 mg tablets (Neurontin and Gabasandoz) using an individual bioequivalence (IBE) study design with two batches of each product and assessed whether between‐batch and between‐formulation variability in exposure play a significant role in the within‐subject variability. The trial was analyzed according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) framework to establish IBE. The IBE was shown between both products with the 95% upper confidence bound of the IBE criterion being −2.01 and −2.31 for area under the concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0–inf) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax), respectively. Subject‐by‐formulation variability (1.35%) was negligible compared with the within‐subject variability of AUC0–inf with Neurontin (19.0%) and Gabasandoz (23.6%). Inclusion of an additional batch did not significantly change this within‐subject variability (20.2% and 23.6%, respectively). This study shows that substitution of gabapentin 800 mg tablets of Neurontin and Gabasandoz should be possible without affecting clinical outcomes.
Rogue waves in multi‐pair plasma medium
Authors: Khondaker S. , Mannan A. , Chowdhury N.A. , Mamun A.A.
Published: January 2019

The non‐linear propagation of ion acoustic (IA) waves, which is governed by the non‐linear Schrödinger equation, in multi‐pair plasmas (MPPs) containing adiabatic positive and negative ion fluids as well as non‐extensive (q‐distributed) electrons and positrons is theoretically investigated. It is observed that the MPP under consideration supports two types of modes, namely fast and slow IA modes, and the modulationally stable and unstable parametric regimes for the fast and slow IA modes are determined by the sign of the ratio of the dispersive coefficient to the non‐linear one. It is also found that the modulationally unstable regime generates highly energetic IA rogue waves (IARWs), and the amplitude as well as the width of the IARWs decreases with increase in the value of q (for both q > 0 and q < 0 limits). These new striking features of the IARWs are found to be applicable in the space (i.e., D‐region [], and F‐region [H+, H−] of the Earth's ionosphere) and laboratory MPPs (i.e., fullerene [C+, C−]).
Reef‐to‐ridge ecological perspectives of high‐energy storm events in northeast Australia
Authors: Turton Stephen M.
Published: January 2019

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are the dominant high‐energy storm (HES) events affecting marine, coastal, and terrestrial ecosystems in northeast Australia. My study provides the first synthetic analysis of ecological effects of TCs on key ecosystems along a reef‐to‐ridge gradient in the region. This gradient includes outer and mid‐shelf, and nearshore coral reefs, seagrass communities, mangrove forests, and lowland, and upland rain forests. Firstly, I synthesize published research on ecological effects of HES events on natural ecosystems along the reef‐to‐ridge gradient, with a particular focus on evaluating their ecological resistance and resilience to HES events. Secondly, utilizing two case studies, I compare and contrast the large‐scale wind energy effects of two severe tropical cyclones (TC Larry and TC Yasi) on natural ecosystems along their respective reef‐to‐ridge gradients, with a focus on damage patterns and early stages of recovery for key ecosystems. Finally, I consider the likely effects of climate change on future HES events, and how these may affect the resistance and resilience of ecosystems along the reef‐to‐ridge gradient. Damage patterns for ecosystems along the reef‐to‐ridge gradient for both TCs were largely determined by distance from the TC track, side of track, shelf position in the case of reefs, topography in the case of forests, forest type, and forest integrity (contiguous vs. fragmented). Major structural damage to coral reefs and contiguous rain forests after both TCs was patchy, suggesting some degree of larger‐scale resistance of these ecosystems to HES events. In the case of littoral forests, small forest remnants, regrowth forests, and riparian forests much lower levels of resistance to high‐energy winds were observed, due to patch size and edge effects. Apart from mangroves, most intact ecosystems along the reef‐to‐ridge gradient have shown early stages of recovery. However, small forests remnants and riparian forests in the agricultural matrix had lower levels of recovery compared with areas of contiguous forest. Anthropogenic climate change may reduce the resistance and resilience of ecosystems along the reef‐to‐ridge gradient to cope with future HES events, due to increased wind and wave energy, higher storm surges, higher intensity rainfall, and larger river plume events.
Variable color patterns influence continental range size and species–area relationships on islands
Authors: Franzén Markus , Forsman Anders , Betzholtz Per‐Eric
Published: January 2019

It has been hypothesized that species with more variable color patterns should have higher establishment success and be less sensitive to environmental changes and local extinction compared with species that do not vary in color. This difference in colonization/extinction balance should manifest as larger continental range distributions and modulate the species–area relationship on true islands. We evaluated these predictions using data for 1216 species of butterflies and moths that differed with regard to inter‐individual variation in color pattern. We show that species with more variable color patterns have larger continental range sizes in Europe compared with non‐variable species. We also provide rare evidence that the slope of the species–area relationship on islands is steeper for species having non‐variable color patterns, suggesting that to preserve 60% of non‐variable species would require an area twice as large compared to what would be needed to preserve 60% of variable species. Our findings suggest that combining information on ecological characteristics with presence/absence data from small and medium sized islands can help identify traits that drive species range patterns at the continental scale, and that individual variation in color pattern can be used as a proxy for ecological generalization and the ability to cope with environmental change.
Individual and temporal variation in pathogen load predicts long‐term impacts of an emerging infectious disease
Authors: Wells Konstans , Hamede Rodrigo K. , Jones Menna E. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Storfer Andrew , McCallum Hamish I.
Published: January 2019

Emerging infectious diseases increasingly threaten wildlife populations. Most studies focus on managing short‐term epidemic properties, such as controlling early outbreaks. Predicting long‐term endemic characteristics with limited retrospective data is more challenging. We used individual‐based modeling informed by individual variation in pathogen load and transmissibility to predict long‐term impacts of a lethal, transmissible cancer on Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) populations. For this, we employed approximate Bayesian computation to identify model scenarios that best matched known epidemiological and demographic system properties derived from 10 yr of data after disease emergence, enabling us to forecast future system dynamics. We show that the dramatic devil population declines observed thus far are likely attributable to transient dynamics (initial dynamics after disease emergence). Only 21% of matching scenarios led to devil extinction within 100 yr following devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) introduction, whereasDFTDfaded out in 57% of simulations. In the remaining 22% of simulations, disease and host coexisted for at least 100 yr, usually with long‐period oscillations. Our findings show that pathogen extirpation or host–pathogen coexistence are much more likely than theDFTD‐induced devil extinction, with crucial management ramifications. Accounting for individual‐level disease progression and the long‐term outcome of devil–DFTDinteractions at the population‐level, our findings suggest that immediate management interventions are unlikely to be necessary to ensure the persistence of Tasmanian devil populations. This is because strong population declines of devils after disease emergence do not necessarily translate into long‐term population declines at equilibria. Our modeling approach is widely applicable to other host–pathogen systems to predict disease impact beyond transient dynamics.
A global growth‐form database for 143,616 vascular plant species
Authors: Taseski Guy M. , Beloe Charlotte J. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Chan Justin Y. , Dalrymple Rhiannon L. , Cornwell William K.
Published: January 2019

Abstract

For the majority of plant species in the world, we know little about their functional ecology, and not even one of the most basic traits—the species’ growth habit. To fill the gap in availability of compiled plant growth‐form data, we have assembled what is, to our knowledge, the largest global database on growth‐form as a plant trait. We have, with extensive error checking and data synthesis, assembled a growth‐form database from 163 data sources for 143,616 vascular plant species from 445 different plant families. This is 38.6% of the currently accepted vascular plant diversity. For our database, we have chosen seven categories to cover the majority of the diversity in plant growth forms: aquatic plants, epiphytes, hemiepiphytes, climbing plants, parasitic plants, holo‐mycoheterotrophs, and freestanding plants. These categories were used because we were able to reconcile the wealth of existing definitions and types of growth‐form information available globally to them clearly and unequivocally, and because they are complementary with existing databases. Plants in the database were designated into a category if their adult growth form fit the criterion. We make available two databases: first, the complete data set, including species for which there is currently conflicting information, and second, a consensus data set, where all available information supports one categorization. Of the plant species for which we found information, 103,138 (72%) are freestanding, 21,110 (15%) are epiphytes, and 4,046 (3%) are parasites. Our growth‐form data can be used to produce useful summary statistics by clade. For example, current data suggests that half of pteridophytes are epiphytic, that all hemiepiphytes are eudicots, and that there are no parasitic monocots, gymnosperms, or pteridophytes. Growth form is a crucial piece of fundamental plant‐trait data with implications for each species’ ecology, evolution, and conservation, and thus this data set will be useful for a range of basic and applied questions across these areas of research. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set, other than citation of the present Data Paper. A static version of this dataset is provided as Supporting Information, and a living and updating version of the dataset is available in a GitHub repository.
Plant interactions shape pollination networks via nonadditive effects
Authors: Losapio Gianalberto , Fortuna Miguel A. , Bascompte Jordi , Schmid Bernhard , Michalet Richard , Neumeyer Rainer , Castro Leopoldo , Cerretti Pierfilippo , Germann Christoph , Haenni Jean‐Paul , Klopfstein Seraina , Ortiz‐Sanchez Francisco Javier , Pont Adrian C. , Rousse Pascal , Schmid Jürg , Sommaggio Daniele , Schöb Christian
Published: January 2019

Plants grow in communities where they interact with other plants and with other living organisms such as pollinators. On the one hand, studies of plant–plant interactions rarely consider how plants interact with other trophic levels such as pollinators. On the other, studies of plant–animal interactions rarely deal with interactions within trophic levels such as plant–plant competition and facilitation. Thus, to what degree plant interactions affect biodiversity and ecological networks across trophic levels is poorly understood. We manipulated plant communities driven by foundation species facilitation and sampled plant–pollinator networks at fine spatial scale in a field experiment in Sierra Nevada, Spain. We found that plant–plant facilitation shaped pollinator diversity and structured pollination networks. Nonadditive effects of plant interactions on pollinator diversity and interaction diversity were synergistic in one foundation species networks while they were additive in another foundation species. Nonadditive effects of plant interactions were due to rewiring of pollination interactions. In addition, plant facilitation had negative effects on the structure of pollination networks likely due to increase in plant competition for pollination. Our results empirically demonstrate how different network types are coupled, revealing pervasive consequences of interaction chains in diverse communities.
When insecurity dampens desire: Attachment anxiety in men amplifies the decline in sexual desire during the early years of romantic relationships
Authors: Mizrahi Moran , Reis Harry T. , Maniaci Michael R. , Birnbaum Gurit E.
Published: January 2019

Sexual desire is typically high during early relationship stages and decreases gradually over time. In the present research, we adopted an attachment‐theoretical perspective to investigate why sexual desire for romantic partners erodes more rapidly for some people than others. We employed two samples of developing relationships (dating couples, N = 62; and newlyweds, N = 175) and examined the effects of attachment insecurities on sexual desire in prospective longitudinal designs. Results showed that attachment anxiety moderated the trajectory of men's sexual desire, such that over time, highly anxious men declined in desiring their partner, whereas less anxious men's desire did not drop. Attachment avoidance also predicted lower levels of initial desire in both sexes. These findings suggest that avoidance generally interferes with relationship initiation for both sexes, whereas anxiety in men interferes with the maintenance of desire over time, possibly because of sensitivity to increasing interdependence.
Focus on student needs to achieve enrollment growth
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2019

Maryville University in Missouri has experienced enrollment growth for 14 consecutive years. And enrollment for the current year has grown 19 percent over the previous year. Every enrollment sector — first‐year, transfer, graduate, and online — grew year to year.
Facile Preparation of Calcium Stearoyl Lactylate as Solid–Liquid Phase Change Materials with Improved Form Stability and Adjustable Phase Transition Temperature for Thermal Comfort
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhou Changlin , Liu Zhimeng , Wu Bo , Kong Weibo , Lei Jingxin
Published: January 2019

In this study, a homologous series of calcium stearoyl lactylates (CSLs) with adjustable phase transition temperature were synthesized as solid–liquid phase change materials (PCMs) by esterification between stearic acid (SA) and lactic acid (LA), combining with the self‐esterification of LA, and neutralization with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). The chemical structures of CSLs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H NMR). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to study the crystalline structure of solid–liquid PCMs. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) were carried out to determine the phase change properties and thermal stability of prepared CSLs. Research results show that calcium ions (Ca2+) have positive effects on improving form stability of synthesized PCMs. The melting temperatures in the range of 40.45°C–25.47°C could be tailored by varying the molar ratio of SA to LA from 1:1 to 1:4. The thermal storage capabilities reach about 53% with the latent heat of fusion in the range of 84.5–55.50 J/g. The PCMs show acceptable thermal reliability and reusability after thermal cycles for 100 times. Suitable phase transition temperatures make CSLs potential for thermal comfort, and the mechanism of temperature regulation would provide reference for design of more PCMs used in different situations. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13136, 2019
Mycoremediation of 17 β‐Estradiol Using Trichoderma citrinoviride Strain AJAC3 along with Enzyme Studies
Authors: Chatterjee Ankita , Abraham Jayanthi
Published: January 2019

Extensive and inappropriate use of steroids in drugs and pharmaceutical products and improper release of steroids into the immediate environment has found to affect soil and water resulting in imbalance of ecosystem. The steroids reach environment due to inaccurate disposal of expired drugs as well as manufacturing disposal from pharmaceutical industries and are urgently required to be removed from the environment. The present study deals with elimination of 17 β‐estradiol (E2) using Trichoderma citrinoviride AJAC3. The fungal isolate could tolerate E2 and degrade 99.6% of the contaminant at concentration of 200 mg L−1. Trichoderma citrinoviride AJAC3 secreted extracellular ligninolytic enzymes which played significant role in degradation of E2. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the biodegradation pattern of E2 and confirmed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Kinetics study revealed that the degradation pathway followed first‐order kinetic model. The results affirmed that the isolate was able to biodegrade E2 efficiently. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13142, 2019
Modeling and Optimization of Extraction and Energy Consumption during Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Polyphenols from Pomegranate Peels
Authors: Dimitrov Krasimir , Pradal Delphine , Vauchel Peggy , Baouche Bania , Nikov Iordan , Dhulster Pascal
Published: January 2019

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant polyphenols from pomegranate peels (juice production by‐products) was studied in an agitated extractor with ultrasound generator and temperature regulation. A mathematical model for multi‐criteria optimization of UAE was proposed. This kinetic model permits the following and the prediction of polyphenols extraction yield, antioxidant activity of obtained extracts and energy consumption during extraction process in wide ranges of temperature (20–60 °C), ethanol content in the solvent (0–100% EtOH) and ultrasound power density (0–100 W/L). This model allows to visualize and understand the impacts of operating parameters on all three optimization criteria, as well as to find the operating conditions to attain a target extraction yield or antioxidant activity of the extract at minimum time or at minimum energy consumption. The advantage of ultrasound assistance was clearly demonstrated for the reduction of both extraction duration and energy consumption. The obtained high polyphenols yields and high antioxidant activity of the extracts confirmed the suitability of UAE for preparation of antioxidant‐rich plant extracts at reduced time and energy from food industry by‐products. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019
Daily life physical activity in patients with chronic stage IV sarcoidosis: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Froidure Sarah , Kyheng Maeva , Grosbois Jean Marie , Lhuissier Francois , Stelianides Sandrine , Wemeau Lidwine , Wallaert Benoit
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives

Little is known about the consequences of chronic sarcoidosis on daily life physical activity (DLPA). The aim of this prospective study was to measure DLPA in patients with chronic sarcoidosis and to determine its relationship to clinical and functional parameters.

Methods

Fifty‐three patients with chronic sarcoidosis and 28 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this multicenter prospective study. Two markers of DLPA (number of steps walked per day [SPD]) and total daily energy expenditure (TEE) were assessed for five consecutive days with a physical activity monitor. Pulmonary function, aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]), exercise capacity (6‐min walk test [6MWT]), and quality of life (self‐reported questionnaires) were also evaluated. Comparisons of DLPA parameters between the two groups were performed using an analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Relationships between DLPA parameters and patient characteristics were assessed in multivariable linear regression models.

Results

Patients with sarcoidosis walked significantly fewer SPD than did the control subjects (6395 ± 4119 and 11 817 ± 3600, respectively; P < 0.001 after adjustment for age, BMI, and sex). TEE was not significantly different between patients with sarcoidosis and healthy controls (median [interquartile range]: 2369 [2004‐2827] and 2387 [2319‐2876] kcal/day, respectively, P = 0.054 adjusted for age, BMI, and sex). SPD showed significant positive correlations with 6MWT distance (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] = 0.06, 0.55; P = 0.019), VO2max (r = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.17, 0.65; P = 0.002), and Visual Simplified Respiratory Questionnaire score (r = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.19, 0.64; P = 0.001), and a significant negative correlation with modified Medical Research Council questionnaire score (r = −0.38, 95%CI = −0.60, −0.10; P = 0.009). TEE was significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.13, 0.59; P = 0.004), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (r = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.33, 0.71; P < 0.001), total lung capacity (r = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.18, 0.64; P = 0.001), and forced vital capacity (r = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.34, 0.72; P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, SPD remained associated only with VO2max.

Conclusion

Patients with chronic sarcoidosis appear to have reduced DLPA mainly because of compromised VO2max.
Evaluation of Irrigation Systems and some Pitch Properties of Selected Football Fields in Istanbul
Authors: Çelİk Hüsey E. , Şengönül Kamİl , İlker Esİn A.
Published: January 2019

Football fields composed of natural grass must maintain a playable state throughout the season. Substructure problems such as inadequacies in drainage and irrigation systems may adversely affect a player's health and game quality in rainy and/or dry seasons.

The scope of the study encompasses eight football fields, which have natural turf combined with semi‐ or fully automatic sprinkler systems, with permission given for study in İstanbul. Irrigation systems, infiltration rate, surface hardness, turf coverage and root penetration parameters were investigated on these playing fields. The results were evaluated according to FIFA, UEFA, TFF and other national and international standards.

Our findings showed that none of the sprinkler systems of these football fields could meet the minimum Christiansen's coefficient of uniformity ratio (84%). Only one of the sprinkler systems of the stadiums had a fair rating according to a distribution uniformity ratio. All fields, except for one, had low (<100 mm h−1) infiltration rates for first‐class grounds. Cover percentages of the lawns were at desirable levels except for one stadium, which had excessive weed problems. Generally, root depths (<15 cm) and plant densities (5–15) were poor in the fields. Surface hardness was high (107 G‐max) in one stadium, normal in another stadium (72 G‐max) and low (< 70 G‐max) in the rest. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HEV ORF3 downregulatesCD14 and CD64 to impair macrophages phagocytosis through inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway
Authors: Lei Qingsong , Li Lin , Huang Wenxiang , Qin Bo , Zhang Shujun
Published: January 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) could induce chronic hepatitis and liver failure with high mortality through unknown mechanisms. The previous study showed that the HEV open reading frames 3 (ORF3) could inhibit macrophages inflammatory response. Impaired macrophages phagocytosis was also found in patients infected with HEV and its nucleic acids could be detected in macrophages. To elucidate the role of HEV ORF3 on phagocytosis, the phagocytosis activation was measured by phagocytosis test, flow cytometry, and phalloidin staining. Meanwhile, the expression of key phagocytic receptors and the activation of transduction pathway were investigated by using reverse transcription real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Results of phagocytosis test showed that the HEV ORF3 could significantly impair the absorption capacity of latex beads. Furthermore, results of RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of CD14 and CD64 decreased. Afterward, the present study showed that the activation of Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was inhibited by HEV ORF3 and downregulation of CD14 and CD64 could be reversed by interferon γ, one activator of the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, HEV ORF3 could significantly impair the phagocytosis of macrophage by downregulating expression of CD14 and CD64, which may function by inhibiting the activation of the JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway.
Functional and clinical consequences of changes to natural killer cell phenotypes driven by chronic cytomegalovirus infections
Authors: Lee Silvia , Doualeh Mariam , Affandi Jacquita S. , Makwana Nandini , Irish Ashley , Price Patricia
Published: January 2019

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections may affect natural killer (NK) cells and are implicated in age‐related disorders—notably poor vascular endothelial function. Changes may be greater in renal transplant recipients (RTR) as they have a high burden of CMV and may influence antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to viral antigen. We obtained blood mononuclear cells from RTR stable after transplantation (n = 27) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 28). Natural killer (NK) cells were assessed for expression of CD107a or TNF‐α, after stimulation with autologous antibodies bound to CMV glycoprotein B (measuring ADCC) or anti‐CD16 (measuring NK cell activation). Alleles of FCRG3A (encoding CD16; rs396991) were determined by the Taqman assay. The vascular endothelial function was assessed using flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Proportions of NK cells expressing CD16 ex vivo were lower in RTR. Frequencies of NK cells expressing NKG2C or LIR‐1 or lacking FcRγ were highest in CMV‐seropositive RTR. ADCC was affected by rs396991 genotype and CMV gB antibody levels, but not by RTR status or detection of CMV DNA in plasma. Responses of FcRγ‐NK cells to anti‐CD16 were lower compared to FcRγ+ NK cells. Increased percentages of LIR‐1
+ and FcRγ− NK cells correlated with lower FMD. In summary, CMV evokes substantial and similar ADCC responses in CMV seropositive RTR and controls. The equivalence may reflect higher titers of CMV reactive antibody in RTR, as NK responses stimulated by ligation of CD16 were lower. NK cells that were LIR‐1
+ and/or FcRγ− were induced by CMV and correlated inversely with vascular endothelial function.
Asymmetry in healthy adult knee kinematics revealed through biplane radiography of the full gait cycle
Authors: Gale Tom , Anderst William
Published: January 2019

One commonly used criterion in evaluating a patients’ response to knee surgery or rehabilitation is bilateral symmetry. However, the natural symmetry in uninjured healthy adult knee kinematics remains relatively unknown, making it challenging to determine if clinical treatment has adequately restored bilateral symmetry. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the typical side‐to‐side differences in 6 degree of freedom (DOF) knee kinematics over the entire gait cycle in healthy adults using biplane radiography. Six DOF tibiofemoral kinematics were measured during treadmill walking in 19 participants using a validated volumetric model‐based tracking process that matched subject‐specific bone models to biplane radiographs collected at 100 images/s. Average absolute side‐to‐side differences in knee kinematics at foot strike were 1.3 mm or less in translation and 3.8° or less in rotation. Peak side‐to‐side differences in knee kinematics occurred during the swing phase and were up to 2.2 mm in translation and 7.1° in rotation. Dominant versus non‐dominant leg differences were 0.8 mm and 2.8° or less at foot strike and reached maximum values of 0.8 mm and 7.2° over the full gait cycle. Statement of Clinical Significance: This study quantifies the inherent asymmetry of knee kinematics in healthy individuals over the entire gait cycle. The values of asymmetry presented here may serve as a guide for evaluating functional outcomes and restoration of so‐called “normal” kinematics after injury and clinical intervention. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Clinical value of (dedicated) 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla MRI for cT1 glottic carcinoma: A feasibility study
Authors: van Egmond Sylvia L. , Vonck Bernard M.D. , Bluemink Johanna J. , Pameijer Frank A. , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Stegeman Inge , Philippens Marielle E.P. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. , Janssen Luuk M. , Terhaard Chris H.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To assess the feasibility of the clinical use of 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging for early (cT1) glottic carcinoma, including structural assessment of technical image quality and visibility of the tumor; and if feasible, to correlate MRI findings to routine diagnostics.

Methods

Prospective feasibility study. Twenty patients with primary clinical T1 glottic carcinoma underwent both routine clinical staging and CT. In addition, a 3 T and 7 T MRI protocol, developed for small laryngeal lesions, was performed in a 4‐point immobilization mask, using dedicated surface coils. Afterwards, routine endoscopic direct suspension laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed.

Results

Only 2 of 7 (29%) of 7 T MRI scans were rated as moderate to good technical image quality. After exclusion of three patients with only mild to moderate dysplasia at the time of MRI, 13 of 17 (76%) of 3 T MRIs were of adequate technical image quality. Tumor visualization was adequate in 8 of 13 (62%) of patients with invasive squamous cell carcinomas. With exclusion of the four MRIs with motion artefacts, the tumor and its boundaries could be adequately seen in 8 of 9 (89%) patients with squamous cell carcinoma versus only one in four (25%) of patients with carcinoma in situ lesions.

Conclusions

7 Tesla MRI was considered not feasible. 3 Tesla MRI, with adequate patient selection, namely clinical exclusion of patients with a history of claustrophobia and inclusion of only histologically proven invasive squamous cell carcinoma, can be feasible. Especially with further improvement of MR image quality.

Level of Evidence

2B, prospective diagnostic study
How larval traits of six flatfish species impact connectivity
Authors: Barbut Léo , Groot Crego Clara , Delerue‐Ricard Sophie , Vandamme Sara , Volckaert Filip A. M. , Lacroix Geneviève
Published: January 2019

Connectivity and dispersal are important factors for ecosystem dynamics, conservation, and resource management. Dispersal and recruitment success are determined in early life for many marine species. For those larvae that are pelagic, transport from spawning to nursery grounds is driven by hydrodynamic processes. Other environmental factors such as temperature and biological factors such as ecophysiology, behavior, and reproductive strategy (spawning period and spawning grounds) influence the final dispersal pattern and larval survival. We utilized a Lagrangian particle tracking model coupled with a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (Larvae&Co) to assess the connectivity patterns between spawning and nursery grounds of six commercially exploited flatfish species in the North Sea over a 10‐yr period (1997–2006). Standardized analyses have highlighted how spawning and nursery grounds are connected under the combined pressure of environment and life‐history traits. Results showed that the six flatfishes can be divided in two groups, each with their specific connectivity patterns. Turbot, common sole, and brill live in two subpopulations in the North Sea; common dab, European flounder, and European plaice represent a single mixed population. In general, the modeled and genetic patterns match, hence showing the strong impact of larval connectivity. The large overlap in connectivity for species that spawn during the same period and the seasonal change in hydrodynamics highlight the strong impact of a summer front in larval dispersal. Our results prove that individual‐based modeling is a powerful tool to guide resource management, even in cases of limited biological information.
Comparison of an Er: YAG laser osteotome versus a conventional drill for the use in osteo‐ odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP)
Authors: Berg Britt‐Isabelle , Peyer Michael , Kuske Lorenz , Augello Marcello , Schötzau Andreas , Steineck Markus , Deibel Waldemar , Mathys Daniel , Jürgens Philipp , Kunz Christoph , Goldblum David
Published: January 2019

Objectives

The osteo‐odonto‐kerato‐prosthesis (OOKP) procedure is a complex, multi‐stage, multidisciplinary surgical intervention for the treatment of severe corneal blindness. One step of the OOKP consists of creating a precise hole into a tooth in which an optic cylinder is subsequently inserted; its shape must ensure a perfect watertight fit. The Er: YAG laser (L) used in this study is part of CARLO®, the first laser osteotome that enables surgical planning based on computed tomography data, robot guidance, and a precise execution of laser cuts in teeth and bone tissue, using laser photoablation rather than conventional mechanical methods. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Er: YAG laser is non‐inferior compared to a conventional drill.

Methods

Thirty‐two bovine incisors were grounded to a thickness of 1.5 mm. In 16 teeth, a 3.5 mm hole was drilled progressively into each tooth, using dental burs (B) of increasing diameter that were attached to a fixed drill machine. In the other 16 teeth, a hole was created using an Er: YAG laser at a wavelength of 2.94 µm (Part of CARLO®). In seven teeth of each group, the cylinder was inserted and fixated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. In the remaining seven teeth of each group, the cylinder was inserted without fixation material (press‐fit). After bonding and drying, all specimens were stored in water until force measurements were recorded using a uniaxial traction machine. The force required to move the optical cylinder out of the hole in the tooth was measured using an Instron 3344 testing system. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM) visualization of the holes created with the laser and the drill were performed in two teeth (SEM)/four teeth (LM) per method.

Results

Significant differences (P < 0.001) were found for the following parameters: B PMMA versus B press‐fit; B PMMA versus L press‐fit; L PMMA versus B press‐fit; L PMMA–L press‐fit. This shows that PMMA bone cement fixation is superior to press‐fit. No significant differences were found between B PMMA–L PMMA (P = 0.93) and B press‐fit–L press‐fit (P = 0.83). The SEM pictures showed a smoother surface using L.

Conclusions

The laser cut holes were as strong as bur‐drilled holes, although SEM pictures showed a smoother surface of the laser cut holes. Hence, laser osteotomes open the possibility to custom fit the hole exactly to the width of the cylinder, which represents a potential advantage of the laser over the conventional bur. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:531–537, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Autonomous, yet Connected”: An esthetic principle explaining our appreciation of product designs
Authors: Blijlevens Janneke , Hekkert Paul
Published: January 2019

Esthetic principles describe the levels or combination of design dimensions that are esthetically appreciated. Current principles focus on dimensions connected to product design itself (e.g., unity and variety) or dimensions that refer to a product design's relationship to other product designs (e.g., typicality and novelty). However, product design also has a social significance—they help consumers shape their identity—and this social dimension has hitherto been overlooked in research on esthetic appreciation. In this paper, we propose and investigate the social esthetic principle “Autonomous, yet Connected.” In four studies, we show that a product's design leads to the highest esthetic appreciation if it strikes an optimal balance between nurturing the two seemingly opposite needs for connectedness and autonomy. Further, we show how conditions of safety and risk moderate the effects of the principle, which suggests our principle may have evolutionary grounding.
Evaluation of acoustic and dynamic behaviour of ethylene vinyl acetate panels
Authors: Nadal A. , Segura J. , Juliá E. , Gadea J.M. , Montava I.
Published: January 2019

Ethylene vinyl acetate panels, with high vinyl acetate content and a closed‐cell structure, were studied through various experimental techniques as a first approach to evaluate the vibrational and acoustic behaviour of ethylene vinyl acetate panels for building applications. Test specimens, with a variety of densities and thicknesses were tested to evaluate the influence of these two parameters on acoustic impedance, sound transmission loss, dynamic stiffness and attenuation of vibrations. The results obtained shows sound transmission loss values for frequencies up to 2500 Hz with a maximum of about 63.7 dB, the dynamic stiffness results presented a wide range, with a maximum value of 350 MN/m3 and a minimum value of 23.3 MN/m3.On the other hand the lack of pore in the surface produce a high acoustic impedance. It can be concluded that ethylene vinyl acetate presents appropriate characteristics, mainly as an acoustic and vibration isolating material, for floorings and light partitions.
Shot peening using spherical micro specimens generated in high‐throughput processes
Authors: Kämmler J. , Wielki N. , Guba N. , Ellendt N. , Meyer D.
Published: January 2019

Mechanical surface treatment processes like shot peening induce plastic deformation in the near surface areas of the peened workpiece leading to changes in surface and subsurface properties, e. g. hardness alteration and generation of compressive residual stress. While changes of the processed part are desired because of the lifetime extending influence, changes of the shot material are normally neglected as it is chosen to be highly resistant. Within this work plastic deformation of the shot material X210Cr12 and AlSi12 is examined. By investigating the plastic deformation of the particles, an indirect analysis of material properties, e. g. the yield stress or the hardness, is possible. A consideration of the particle velocities also enables conclusions about the materials properties. Those properties are conventionally obtained in a material, time, and cost intensive way. Using the same jet pressure, the investigations show lower velocities and less pronounced plastic deformation for the X210Cr12 specimens. Due to their higher mass, the X210Cr12 particles of same diameter are accelerated slower and therefore reach a lower impact velocity compared to AlSi12 particles. Furthermore, the lower plastic deformation at identical velocities can be explained with the higher yield stress of the X210Cr12 particles.
The promising role of PAX1 (aliases: HUP48, OFC2) gene methylation in cancer screening
Authors: Fang Chao , Wang Sai‐Ying , Liou Yu‐Ligh , Chen Ming‐Hua , Ouyang Wen , Duan Kai‐Ming
Published: January 2019

Background

Paired‐box gene 1 (PAX1), a member of the PAX family, plays a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis, and might be essential for development of the vertebral column.

Methods

PAX1 is silenced by methylation in several cancers and is considered a tumor suppressor gene. Our previous studies reported PAX1 as hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissues, thereby suggesting it as a potential screening marker. Recently, an increasing number of studies have confirmed PAX1 methylation as a promising biomarker in cervical cancer based on its excellent discriminatory ability between high‐grade cervical lesions and normal tissues, resulting in a reduced necessity for referral for colposcopy and biopsy. Additionally, PAX1 is also hypermethylated in other tumors, including those associated with epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of these tumors.

Results

This review summarizes reports of PAX1 methylation and its promising role in cancer screening, especially that associated with cervical cancer.

Conclusion

According to current evidence, combined testing for human papillomavirus and PAX1 methylation analysis represents an efficacious cervical cancer‐screening protocol.
p66Shc is associated with hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress in preimplantation sheep embryos
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zhao Xiaofang , Hai Rihan , Li Ruilan , Zhang Wenguang , Zhang Jiaxin
Published: January 2019

The low efficiency of in vitro embryo production is associated with oxidative stress induced by suboptimal culture conditions. p66Shc is a 66‐kDa protein of the ShcA (Src homologous‐collagen homolog) adaptor protein family, which is involved in signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress regulation, apoptosis induction, and aging. However, the functional role of p66Shc during the preimplantation development of sheep embryos is not understood. Our results showed that early‐cleavage (≤28 hr) embryos had a higher developmental potential than late‐cleavage (>28 hr) embryos. The poor quality of these late‐cleavage embryos was associated with increased the transcripts and protein of p66Shc and decreased mitochondrial activity. In addition, exogenous hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress significantly increased p66Shc protein abundance and suppressed embryonic development, which was ameliorated by antioxidant treatment. Notably, oxidative stress induced the nuclear localization of p66Shc and phosphorylated (Ser‐36) p66Shc. Collectively, these observations suggest that p66Shc may be playing an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress during the preimplantation development of sheep embryos.
Convergence of a Disease and Litigation Leading to Increased Scallop Discard Mortality and Economic Loss in the Georges Bank Fishery
Authors: Stokesbury Kevin D. E. , Bethoney N. David , Georgianna Daniel , Inglis Susan , Keiley Emily
Published: January 2019

Rotational management in the Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus fishery has focused on closing areas to fishing when a high proportion of small scallops is observed in a discrete area, but less attention has been paid to reopening closed areas to prevent poor meat quality. In this fishery there are several large marine protected areas, including Closed Area I of Georges Bank. Intense drop camera surveys of Closed Area I in 1999 led to incorporating a 700-km2 area into the rotational management scheme. There was a larger abundance of scallops to the south of this area, and these were made available for harvest in 2005, but this fishery was closed in 2006 when the management plan was overturned by a federal court decision. When the area was reopened again in 2011, however, the expected harvest was not achieved. Although fishermen harvested the scallops and opened the shells to extract the meat, they found that many of the meats were gray and not of marketable quality and so they discarded them. The gray meats were linked to a highly pathogenic apicomplexan infection. There was a 52% decline in exploitable biomass between 2011 and 2013 (7,300 metric tons, representing a gross revenue of US$170 million) that could not be attributed to a reduction in landings, resulting in a failure to complete the allotted trips. The scallop rotation management plan has been extremely successful overall, with 69 of the access area trips harvesting over 80% of the allocation; however, increased monitoring of meat quality would further improve management.
Impact of Implementation of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Model for Parenteral Nutrition Order Writing and Review on Competency, Attitudes, and Perceptions
Authors: Solomon Diana M. , Emery Elizabeth Zorzanello , Kavelak Haley L. , Pontiggia Laura , Hollands James M. , Bingham Angela L.
Published: January 2019

Background

The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) parenteral nutrition (PN) safety consensus recommendations advise a comprehensive education program and competency assessment for all healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients receiving PN. The ASPEN‐model papers provide guidance for designing PN competencies for prescribers, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive educational program that aligns with the ASPEN model on PN competency, attitudes, and perceptions in a multidisciplinary healthcare professional audience.

Methods

Dietitians, pharmacists, and physicians attended a 3‐hour ASPEN model–based educational program focused on PN order writing and review. Matched preeducation and posteducation competency assessments were completed by attendees. Attitudes and perceptions were also assessed before and after the educational program using 5‐point Likert scales.

Results

Ninety‐seven subjects were included in the analysis. The majority of attendees were dietitians (53.6%), followed by pharmacists (45.4%). Overall, multidisciplinary competency assessment scores improved by an average of 12.6% (preassessment average of 62.7%, postassessment average of 75.3%, P < 0.0001). Nine out of 10 statements regarding PN attitudes and perceptions significantly improved on the 5‐point Likert scales (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

A comprehensive PN educational program in alignment with the ASPEN model positively impacted multidisciplinary healthcare professional PN competency, attitudes, and perceptions. To optimize patient safety, local organizations and institutions should implement formalized training as outlined by the ASPEN model for healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients receiving PN.
A new rotated nonconforming pyramid element
Authors: Meng Zhaoliang , Wang Ruifang
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a new nonparametric nonconforming pyramid finite element is introduced. This element takes the five face mean values as the degrees of the freedom and the finite element space is a subspace of P2. Different from the other nonparametric elements, the basis functions of this new element can be expressed explicitly without solving linear systems locally, which can be achieved by introducing a new reference pyramid. To evaluate the integration, a class of new quadrature formulae with only two/three equally weighted points on pyramid are constructed. We present the error estimation in the presence of quadrature formulae. Numerical results are shown to confirm the optimality of the convergence order for the second order elliptic problems.