bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the trans‑obturator and retropubic mid‑urethral slings for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Keršič Matej , Keršič Maruša , Kunič Tina , Barbič Matija , Verdenik Ivan , Lukanović David , Lukanović Adolf
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of our study was to report the extended long-term results of the use of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and trans-obturator tape (TOT) for the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence (SUI) at the Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics / UMC Ljubljana. There are few data on this topic in the literature. Our aim was to find out whether and how the procedure improved the patients’ quality of life and for how long, whether the patients had complications after the procedure, and how this type of procedure affected the long-term results.Methods: A retrospective clinical trial comparing the use of TVT and TOT was carried out from January to August 2017 and included all the patients operated on at the Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics / UMC Ljubljana with TVT or TOT procedure for stress or mixed urinary incontinence (UI) associated with urethral hyper mobility (the stress component was clinically predominant). The exclusion criteria were more than 10 years from procedure, age more than 80 years in 2016, previous anti-incontinence surgery and/or pelvic organ prolapse more than stage I on POP–q in any vaginal compartment. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1104 patients were sent quality-of-life questionnaires (PGI-S, PGI-I, SANDVIK SEVERITY SCALE, UDI-6, IIQ-7, ICIQ-UI Short Form (Slovenian)) with questions about the diagnosis, procedures, complications, reoperations, post-operative results, and satisfaction with the procedure. Till August 2017 (6 months after sending) we received 466 questionnaires (42.2 % response rate). After 225 questionnaires were excluded due to incomplete data, 241 questionnaires were analysed.Results: In the analysed group of patients (N = 241), 189 (78 %) had TOT and 52 (22 %) had TVT. Our retrospective study has confirmed that the efficacy and safety of TOT and TVT in the surgical treatment of SUI are comparable. The TOT and TVT groups did not differ significantly from each other in PGI-S, PGI-I, SANDVIK SEVERITY SCALE, UDI-6, IIQ-7, and ICIQ-UI Short Form or in postoperative complication rate. Repeat surgery was needed in 25/189 (13.2 %) TOT patients and 12/52 (23.1 %) TVT patients; p = 0.082. Urinary retention appeared in 18/189 (9.5 %) TOT patients and 7/52 (13.5 %) TVT patients; p = 0.411. Mesh erosion/inflammation appeared in 12/189 (6.3 %) TOT patients and 2/52 (38 %) TVT patients; p = 0495.Conclusion: We can conclude that the efficacy and safety of TOT and TVT in the surgical treatment of SUI are comparable. The choice of the technique should be based on the relative pros and cons of techniques and the surgeon’s experience.
Natural Product as the Storage medium for an avulsed tooth – A Systematic Review
Authors: R Rajakeerthi , MS Nivedhitha
Published: June 2019

Dental avulsion is considered as one of the most
severe types of traumatic tooth injuries because it causes damage to several
structures and results in the complete displacement of the tooth from its
socket in the alveolar bone. The ideal situation is to replant the tooth
immediately after avulsion because the extra oral time is an important
determinant for the success of the treatment and for a good prognosis. The aim
of this systematic review was to identify the recommended natural storage m to
store and transport avulsed tooth based on the survival capacity of periodontal
ligament cells.This paper reviews the different storage media that
have been evaluated for avulsed teeth based on full-length research papers
retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, BBO and SciELO electronic databases
using the key words ‘storage medium’, ‘avulsion’, ‘tooth avulsion’,
‘replantation’, ‘tooth replantation’, ‘milk’ and ‘propolis’. Based on the
application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, About 14 papers have been
selected and critically reviewed with respect to the characteristics, efficacy
and ease of access of the storage media. The review of this study shows and
includes a wide array of wet storage media that have been evaluated in
laboratory-based studies on PDL cells found on adult permanent teeth.

Among the natural products other than milk,
propolis, coconut water, green tea extract, egg white, green tea extract,
Alovera gel, pomegranate juice, salvia officinalis followed by dragon blood sap
(Croton Lechleri)  were recommended based
on the cell viability and its longevity. In an emergency, it is important for
dentists to consider the circumstances of the accident, the location and
suggest an appropriate transport media.
La representación del horror en la pantalla televisiva argentina: testimonios de sobrevivientes de la última dictadura y lugares de desaparición
Authors: Corte Malena
Published: June 2019

Desde el regreso a la democracia en la Argentina (1983), la temática del pasado reciente dictatorial ha sido abordada extensamente por el formato audiovisual, especialmente a través del cine, pero también en televisión. A partir de diversos abordajes y géneros se ha intentando representar aquello que era impensado e inimaginado para la sociedad. Los crímenes, las desapariciones y el horror de los centros clandestinos de detención fueron tempranamente representados por distintas producciones audiovisuales. En el presente artículo nos proponemos analizar cómo los documentales televisivos de Canal Encuentro han representado los lugares de desaparición en relación con la palabra de sobrevivientes de la última dictadura.
Representar la historia. Notas sobre la imagen del bombardeo al Palacio de la Moneda y sus usos simbólicos
Authors: Arrieta Gutiérrez Paula Alejandra
Published: June 2019

A partir de la revisión crítica de la obra 11 de septiembre de 2013 del artista visual chileno Alfredo Jaar, el presente artículo propone un recorrido por diferentes formas de representación del bombardeo al Palacio de La Moneda, Casa de Gobierno y símbolo del poder político en Chile, que tuvo lugar el día 11 de septiembre de 1973 y marcó el inicio de la dictadura cívico-militar que se extendió hasta 1990. A través de la idea de la doble supresión de la historia de Rancière, las tesis sobre la historia de Benjamin y de otras obras de artistas contemporáneos, se indaga en las posibilidades éticas, políticas y estratégicas que tiene el arte contemporáneo de abordar los temas de la memoria, la historia y su fractura, de encontrar un lenguaje que evite el vaciamiento de los acontecimientos traumáticos de una sociedad, particularmente para allanar un espacio en el cual el pasado se vuelva dinámico, se desestabilice y se active en el presente.
Topografías imaginarias y materialidades sucedáneas: la memoria de Bleiburg en la diáspora croata en Argentina después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Zidek Nikolina
Published: June 2019

El trabajo explora las herramientas de la memoria de la matanza del derrotado ejército y los simpatizantes (civiles) del Estado Independiente Croata (NDH), régimen títere nazi, en Bleiburg, Austria, en 1945 en la diáspora croata en Argentina. Se trata de un caso específico, diaspórico, donde el lugar de los hechos se encuentra a miles de kilómetros de distancia. De ahí surge la pregunta: ¿de qué vehículos o instrumentos materiales se sirvió la diáspora croata para mantener la memoria de Bleiburg? A tal fin se hace el análisis de material escrito, fotográfico y audiovisual, así como testimonios personales recogidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y conversaciones informales. Después de historizar la memoria de Bleiburg en Argentina, se identifican marcas y huellas materiales en el contexto específico de la memoria en exilio permanente y sus vehículos de sustento. Los resultados muestran que, a falta de materialidades, la memoria depende de un relato homogéneo, aunque no escrito en piedra, y de su transmisión dentro de una comunidad endogámica que, con el cambio de las generaciones, tiene la necesidad de recurrir a las marcas locales donde se estableció y a las nuevas realidades virtuales.
Conmemoraciones a los caídos en dictadura en lugares marginales de la ciudad. Larga duración y translocación en el Monumento de la Población La Legua, Chile
Authors: Aguilera Carolina
Published: June 2019

El artículo presenta un análisis de la memoria social de la dictadura chilena (1973-1990), a partir del estudio del “Monumento a los héroes y mártires del pueblo” ubicado en la población La Legua. Se trata de una población marginal que tuvo un pasado altamente politizado de izquierda, que sufrió una fuerte represión durante la dictadura y que a su vez logró articularse política y socialmente para hacerle frente mediante protestas y organizaciones tendientes a enfrentar la pobreza y la cesantía. Actualmente la población tiene un sector que está acechado por la violencia del narcotráfico y la represión policial. El análisis da cuenta de que, si bien las memorias de la dictadura en el sector son múltiples, el monumento se configura en torno a las memorias de larga duración de las prácticas conmemorativas de la izquierda chilena sobre las luchas del pueblo contras las masacres y abusos cometidos contra ellos. Estos relatos se entretejen con acciones de reapropiación identitaria en el territorio, a nivel local, a escala metropolitana y global, a pesar de la marginalidad urbana de la población, en una dinámica translocal. El artículo cuestiona la sentencia de muerte del monumento dictaminada por el proyecto moderno de arquitectura, y devela la vigencia de estas obras para la configuración de las memorias de las matanzas y traumas del pasado.
Fosas comunes de mujeres: narrativas de la(s) violencia(s) y lugares de dignificación
Authors: Martín Chiappe María Laura
Published: June 2019

A partir del estudio de caso de la exhumación, reinhumación y demarcación territorial como lugar de memoria de dos fosas de mujeres represaliadas en la retaguardia sublevada y franquista en Candeleda (Ávila) y Grazalema (Cádiz), el presente artículo da cuenta de los procesos y tensiones que transitan las fosas comunes como lugares de memoria. Se ponen en cuestión aquí diferentes formas de interpretar la ritualización de los momentos significativos de recuperación de los cuerpos de los ejecutados/as por el franquismo, y de las tensiones en torno a lugares de memoria dominantes y la fosa común después de la exhumación. Estos casos nos permitirán analizar también las narrativas dominantes en torno a la(s) violencia(s) contra las mujeres, su posible compromiso político, así como las formas de concebirlas y representarlas que se ponen en marcha tanto desde la sociedad civil como desde las instituciones en estos procesos.
The interplay of the type II TA system with other processes
Authors: Wen-ping Wei , Wan Zhong Jia , Min Yang
Published: June 2019

The type II toxin antitoxin (TA) system is the most well-studied TA system and is widely distributed in bacteria, especially pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Type II TA system plays an important role in many cellular processes, including maintaining the stability of mobile genetic elements, and bacterial altruistic suicide in response to nutritional starvation, environmental stress and phage infection. Interactions between toxin proteins and antitoxin proteins are critical for the regulation and function of type II TA systems; indeed, the understanding of their function is mainly derived from interaction and regulation of paired TA system proteins. Nonetheless, investigating interaction between unpaired TA system proteins, and the interaction between TA system proteins and other functional proteins, are becoming more common and have provided new insight into the complexity of its regulatory mechanism. In this review, we outlined the cross-interaction between TA system proteins, and the interaction between TA system proteins and other functional proteins, and we are trying to explain novel mechanism of TA system in the regulation of cellular activities. On this basis, we further discussed the knowledge and physiological implications of the relevant aspects of TA system research.
Transitioning between preparatory and precisely sequenced neuronal activity in production of a skilled behavior
Authors: Daliparthi Vamsi K , Tachibana Ryosuke O , Cooper Brenton G , Hahnloser Richard HR , Kojima Satoshi , Sober Samuel J , Roberts Todd F
Published: June 2019

Precise neural sequences are associated with the production of well-learned skilled behaviors. Yet, how neural sequences arise in the brain remains unclear. In songbirds, premotor projection neurons in the cortical song nucleus HVC are necessary for producing learned song and exhibit precise sequential activity during singing. Using cell-type specific calcium imaging we identify populations of HVC premotor neurons associated with the beginning and ending of singing-related neural sequences. We characterize neurons that bookend singing-related sequences and neuronal populations that transition from sparse preparatory activity prior to song to precise neural sequences during singing. Recordings from downstream premotor neurons or the respiratory system suggest that pre-song activity may be involved in motor preparation to sing. These findings reveal population mechanisms associated with moving from non-vocal to vocal behavioral states and suggest that precise neural sequences begin and end as part of orchestrated activity across functionally diverse populations of cortical premotor neurons.
Sweet neurons inhibit texture discrimination by signaling TMC-expressing mechanosensitive neurons in Drosophila
Authors: Wu Shun-Fan , Ja Ya-Long , Zhang Yi-jie , Yang Chung-Hui
Published: June 2019

Integration of stimuli of different modalities is an important but incompletely understood process during decision making. Here, we show that Drosophila are capable of integrating mechanosensory and chemosensory information of choice options when deciding where to deposit their eggs. Specifically, females switch from preferring the softer option for egg-laying when both options are sugar free to being indifferent between them when both contain sucrose. Such sucrose-induced indifference between options of different hardness requires functional sweet neurons, and, curiously, the Transmembrane Channel-like (TMC)-expressing mechanosensitive neurons that have been previously shown to promote discrimination of substrate hardness during feeding. Further, axons of sweet neurons directly contact axons of TMC-expressing neurons in the brain and stimulation of sweet neurons increases Ca2+ influx into axons of TMC-expressing neurons. These results uncover one mechanism by which Drosophila integrate taste and tactile information when deciding where to deposit their eggs and reveal that TMC-expressing neurons play opposing roles in hardness discrimination in two different decisions.
Composition of Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Seed Oil CV. 'Molar'
Authors: Oliveira Ágda Malany Forte De , Araújo Railene Hérica Carlos Rocha , Alves Kalinny de Araújo , Onias Elny Alves , Candeia Roberlúcia Araújo , Lopes Maíra Felinto , Lima José Franciraldo De , Barbosa Luana da Silva , Dias George Alves
Published: June 2019

Aims: Pomegranate has been used since ancient times as a universal therapeutic agent due to the presence of biologically active ingredients in different parts of the plant. Pomegranate seed oil is considered a nutraceutical because of its rich composition. Therefore, this work aimed to study the main changes in the composition of fatty acids and antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed oil (cv. Molar) in different stages of fruit development.

Study design: Completely randomized design. The treatments were the ages (60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 days), counted from the beginning of the anthesis. For each harvest a random sampling of five fruits was used for each repetition, and four replications per stage of fruit development were performed totaling 20 fruits per treatment.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in partnership with the farm Águas de Tamanduá, located in Várzeas de Sousa, PB, (longitude 38°13'41" and latitude 06°45'33").

Methodology: The characterization of the phenological phases of pomegranate (Molar cv.) development was carried out at the beginning of the orchard. Vigorous and healthy adult plants were selected. Hermaphrodite flowers were marked, evenly distributed in the area, with colored tape resistant to high temperature, sunshine, winds and rains. The marking of the flowers occurred in the early hours of the morning, and at the time of the marking, thinning of flowers was carried out on branches that had two or more flowers at the apex, leaving only a single flower on the branch. Seed oil was extracted from a sample of 20 fruits at different stages of development: 60, 70, 80, 90 and, 100 days counted from the start of the anthesis.

Results: The general composition of the oil of pomegranate seeds cv. Molar, regardless of the stage of fruit development, takes the order of PUFA> SFA> MUFA, with a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3 and 6), and after saturated and monounsaturated, and low concentrations of total Trans Isomers.

Conclusion: The best periods for the consumption of pomegranate seed oil are between 80 and 90 days due to the higher amount of unsaturated acids and punicic acid, and lower concentrations of palmitic acid, as well as a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. The method of DPPH, with methanol extractor identifies the antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed oil, however not efficiently.
Government Expenditure and Industrial Development in Nigeria: Long Run and Short Run Dynamics from ARDL Approach
Authors: Jeff-Anyeneh Sarah Elechi , Ezu Gideon Kasie , Ananwude Amalachukwu Chijindu
Published: June 2019

This study estimated the long run and short dynamics between government expenditure and industrial development in Nigeria from 1981 to 2016 with the view to evaluating how the industrial sector has been influenced by variation in government expenditure. The Autoregressive Distribute Lag (ARDL) was the technique applied. We found with dismay that government expenditure has not positively affected industrial development in Nigeria both in long run and short run despite the continuous rise in government expenditure and various policies of the government towards improving industrial performance in Nigeria. Funds allocated for environmental factors of production such as electricity, road, water, communication, etc. should be appropriately utilized. Political officer holders, contractors executing capital projects, people in corridors of powers, etc. who are embroil in misappropriation or embezzlement of public fund should be properly tried and punished if found guilty.
Relationship between body condition score and subcutaneous fat and muscle area measured by ultrasound in Pelibuey ewes
Authors: Herrera, N. F. O. Robertos A.J. Chay-Canul, R. A. Garcia- , Cruz Ulises Macias- , Pérez Ricardo Vicente- , Villalvazo Víctor M. Meza-
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Application of capillary electrophoresis for assessing amino acids composition of Jujube from different geographical origins
Authors: Qiao Jianyu , Gao Ruibin , Yaming Sun Zhongyang Wang, , Liang Zhao Shuqing Dong,
Published: June 2019

A simple capillary electrophoresis (CE) method that using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as buffer modifier has been developed for the detection of ten amino acids of jujube from five different geographical origins. The CE methodology was optimized through the variation of type, pH and concentration of the buffer solution, concentration of the additive β-CD, applied voltage, injection time and wavelength of the UV detection. It was found that the best separation of ten kinds of amino acids was achieved within less than 6 min under the optimum separation conditions: 50 mmol L-1 pH 9.5 borate-phosphate buffer with 5.0 mmol L-1 β-CD, 15 kV applied voltage, 25 °C column temperature, 210 nm detection wavelength, and 5 s injection time. This method showed good repeatability with RSD values of 1.4-3.4% for peak area, and 1.4-4.7% for migration time, when β-CD was used as buffer modifier. Under the optimum conditions, the method has been successfully applied to the detection of actual jujube samples, which also verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the method. Recovery of real samples was in ranging of 90%-105%, which proved the feasibility of the method. It also proved that the method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of amino acids of interest in plant samples.
Organic Semiconductor Cocrystal for Highly Conductive Lithium Host Electrode
Authors: Park Jaehyun , Joo Se Hun , Kim Yoon‐Jeong , Park Ju Hyun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Ahn Seokhoon , Kang Seok Ju
Published: June 2019

In this work, a highly conductive organic cocrystal is investigated as an anode material for conducting agent‐free lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrodes. A unique morphology of semiconducting fullerene (C60) and contorted hexabenzocoronene (cHBC) is developed as a cocrystal that efficiently enhances the electron transfer during discharge and charge processes due to the formation of a well‐defined junction between C60 and cHBC. In particular, the present study reveals the exact cocrystal phase of orthorhombic Pnnm using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction characterization and computational methods. The detailed cocrystal structure analysis indicates that the columnar structure of C60/cHBC cocrystal facilitates the reliable vacant sites for Li+ storage, which ultimately enhances the reversible capacity to 330 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 with long cyclability of 600 cycles in the absence of a conducting agent. Furthermore, the rate performance of the C60/cHBC cocrystal anode is improved compared to that of the graphite anode, indicating that the cocrystal formation between C60 and cHBC enhances the charge transport at a high current density. It demonstrates that the approach of this study can be a promising strategy for preparing conducting agent‐free organic cocrystal anodes, which also provides a viable design rule for high‐performance LIBs electrodes.
Enhancing Prostate‐Cancer‐Specific MRI by Genetic Amplified Nanoparticle Tumor Homing
Authors: Zhao Yang , Peng Jing , Yang Jinyi , Zhang Enlong , Huang Ling , Yang Hong , Kakadiaris Eugenia , Li Jingjin , Yan Bin , Shang Zhiqun , Jiang Ning , Zhang Xuening , Han Gang , Niu Yuanjie
Published: June 2019

Precise localization and visualization of early‐stage prostate cancer (PCa) is critical to improve the success of focal ablation and reduce cancer mortality. However, it remains challenging under the current imaging techniques due to the heterogeneous nature of PCa and the suboptimal sensitivity of the techniques themselves. Herein, a novel genetic amplified nanoparticle tumor‐homing strategy to enhance the MRI accuracy of ultrasmall PCa lesions is reported. This strategy could specifically drive TfR expressions in PCa under PCa‐specific DD3 promoter, and thus remarkably increase Tf‐USPIONs concentrations in a highly accurate manner while minimizing their non‐specific off‐target effects on normal tissues. Consequently, this strategy can pinpoint an ultrasmall PCa lesion, which is otherwise blurred in the current MRI, and thereby addresses the unmet key need in MRI imaging for focal therapy. With this proof‐of‐concept experiment, the synergistic gene–nano strategy holds great promise to boost the MRI effects of a wide variety of commonly used nanoscale and molecular probes that are otherwise limited. In addition, such a strategy may also be translated and applied to MR‐specific imaging of other types of cancers by using their respective tumor‐specific promoters.
In Situ Modification of the Tumor Cell Surface with Immunomodulating Nanoparticles for Effective Suppression of Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Zheng Chunxiong , Wang Qixue , Wang Ying , Zhao Xinzhi , Gao Kaimin , Liu Qi , Zhao Yu , Zhang Zhanzhan , Zheng Yadan , Cao Jingjing , Chen Hongyun , Shi Linqi , Kang Chunsheng , Liu Yang , Lu Yunfeng
Published: June 2019

Current cancer immunotherapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐based therapies and checkpoint immune inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical success, but always suffer from immunotoxicity and autoimmune disease. Recently, nanomaterial‐based immunotherapies are developed to precisely control in vivo immune activation in tumor tissues for reducing immune‐related adverse events. However, little consideration has been put on the spatial modulation of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells to optimize the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Herein, a rational design of immunomodulating nanoparticles is demonstrated that can in situ modify the tumor cell surface with natural killer cell (NK cell)‐activating signals to achieve in situ activation of tumor‐infiltrating NK cells, as well as direction of their antitumor immunity toward tumor cells. Using these immunomodulating nanoparticles, the remarkable inhibition of tumor growth is observed in mice without noticeable side effects. This study provides an accurate immunomodulation strategy that achieves safe and effective antitumor immunity through in situ NK cell activation in tumors. Further development by constructing interactions with various immune cells can potentially make this nanotechnology become a general platform for the design of advanced immunotherapies for cancer treatments.
Imaging Dynamic Peroxynitrite Fluxes in Epileptic Brains with a Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Hu Jiong‐sheng , Shao Chenwen , Wang Xueao , Di Xiaojiao , Xue Xuling , Su Zhi , Zhao Jing , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Liu Hong‐Ke , Qian Yong
Published: June 2019

Epilepsy is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, and accumulating evidence suggests its pathological progression is closely associated with peroxynitrite (ONOO−). However, understanding the function remains challenging due to a lack of in vivo imaging probes for ONOO− determination in epileptic brains. Here, the first near‐infrared imaging probe (named ONP) is presented for tracking endogenous ONOO− in brains of kainate‐induced epileptic seizures with high sensitivity and selectivity. Using this probe, the dynamic changes of endogenous ONOO− fluxes in epileptic brains are effectively monitored with excellent temporal and spatial resolution. In vivo visualization and in situ imaging of hippocampal regions clearly reveal that a higher concentration of ONOO− in the epileptic brains associates with severe neuronal damage and epileptogenesis; curcumin administration can eliminate excessively increased ONOO−, further effectively protecting neuronal cells. Moreover, by combining high‐content analysis and ONP, a high‐throughput screening method for antiepileptic inhibitors is constructed, which provides a rapid imaging/screening approach for understanding epilepsy pathology and accelerating antiseizure therapeutic discovery.
Stochastic Memory Devices for Security and Computing
Authors: Carboni Roberto , Ielmini Daniele
Published: June 2019

With the widespread use of mobile computing and internet of things, secured communication and chip authentication have become extremely important. Hardware‐based security concepts generally provide the best performance in terms of a good standard of security, low power consumption, and large‐area density. In these concepts, the stochastic properties of nanoscale devices, such as the physical and geometrical variations of the process, are harnessed for true random number generators (TRNGs) and physical unclonable functions (PUFs). Emerging memory devices, such as resistive‐switching memory (RRAM), phase‐change memory (PCM), and spin‐transfer torque magnetic memory (STT‐MRAM), rely on a unique combination of physical mechanisms for transport and switching, thus appear to be an ideal source of entropy for TRNGs and PUFs. An overview of stochastic phenomena in memory devices and their use for developing security and computing primitives is provided. First, a broad classification of methods to generate true random numbers via the stochastic properties of nanoscale devices is presented. Then, practical implementations of stochastic TRNGs, such as hardware security and stochastic computing, are shown. Finally, future challenges to stochastic memory development are discussed.
Amorphous Gallium Oxide‐Based Gate‐Tunable High‐Performance Thin Film Phototransistor for Solar‐Blind Imaging
Authors: Qin Yuan , Long Shibing , He Qiming , Dong Hang , Jian Guangzhong , Zhang Ying , Hou Xiaohu , Tan Pengju , Zhang Zhongfang , Lu Yingjie , Shan Chongxin , Wang Jianlu , Hu Weida , Lv Hangbing , Liu Qi , Liu Ming
Published: June 2019

Ga2O3‐based solar‐blind photodetectors (PDs) are now attracting more and more attention for their potential application in optical imaging, spatial communication, etc. However, the performance of ever‐reported Ga2O3‐based PDs is still not good enough, strongly affected by either the Ga2O3 crystalline quality or the device structure, which severely limits their capability to detect extremely weak signals and achieve future applications. In this work, solar‐blind field‐effect phototransistor based on radio‐frequency‐magnetron sputtered amorphous gallium oxide thin film with ultrahigh photodetection performance are demonstrated. The key feature of the device is gate‐tunable photodetection enabling ultrahigh responsivity of 4.1 × 103 A W−1, external quantum efficiency of 2 × 106%, and detectivity of 2.5 × 1013 Jones under a 70 µW cm−2 weak signal of 254 nm light due to a high internal gain and field effect control of the phototransistor. Furthermore, high‐resolution imaging is achieved for the imaging target by integrating the as‐fabricated photodetectors into the imaging system, which is the first report on solar‐blind imaging of amorphous gallium oxide photodetectors. Such field‐effect phototransistors with ultrahigh performance and excellent imaging capability address a significant step toward the feasibility and practicability of gallium oxide photodetectors in solar‐blind imaging system.
Highly Selective Photoreduction of CO2 with Suppressing H2 Evolution over Monolayer Layered Double Hydroxide under Irradiation above 600 nm
Authors: Tan Ling , Xu Si‐Min , Wang Zelin , Xu Yanqi , Wang Xian , Hao Xiaojie , Bai Sha , Ning Chenjun , Wang Yu , Zhang Wenkai , Jo Yun Kyung , Hwang Seong‐Ju , Cao Xingzhong , Zheng Xusheng , Yan Hong , Zhao Yufei , Duan Haohong , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: June 2019

Although progress has been made to improve photocatalytic CO2 reduction under visible light (λ>400 nm), the development of photocatalysts that can work under a longer wavelength (λ>600 nm) remains a challenge. Now, a heterogeneous photocatalyst system consisting of a ruthenium complex and a monolayer nickel‐alumina layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH), which act as light‐harvesting and catalytic units for selective photoreduction of CO2 and H2O into CH4 and CO under irradiation with λ>400 nm. By precisely tuning the irradiation wavelength, the selectivity of CH4 can be improved to 70.3 %, and the H2 evolution reaction can be completely suppressed under irradiation with λ>600 nm. The photogenerated electrons matching the energy levels of photosensitizer and m‐NiAl‐LDH only localized at the defect state, providing a driving force of 0.313 eV to overcome the Gibbs free energy barrier of CO2 reduction to CH4 (0.127 eV), rather than that for H2 evolution (0.425 eV).
Bakterielle Diterpenbiosynthese
Authors: Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: June 2019

Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die jüngsten Entwicklungen in der Biosynthese von Diterpenen durch Diterpensynthasen in Bakterien zusammen. Der Text ist nach der Klasse der am ersten Schritt zu den Diterpenen beteiligten Enzyme strukturiert und beginnt mit Diterpensynthasen des Typs I, gefolgt von Enzymen des Typs II, und schließt mit den kürzlich entdeckten, mit UbiA verwandten Diterpensynthasen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Betrachtung der Reaktionsmechanismen von Diterpensynthasen, die einfache lineare Vorläufer über kationische Reaktionskaskaden zu strukturell komplexen, meist polycyclischen Kohlenstoffgerüsten mit multiplen Stereozentren umsetzen. Ein weiteres Hauptaugenmerk dieses Kurzaufsatzes liegt auf der Frage, wie diese Mechanismen aufgeklärt werden können. Auch nachgelagerte Modifikationen zu bioaktiven Molekülen werden behandelt.
Early postoperative seizures after vocal fold surgery attributed to shigellosis
Authors: Bregman Gennady , Lahav Yonatan , Kishinevsky Yelena , Grinevich Galina , Ezri Tiberiu , Dukhan Alexander
Published: June 2019

A 44‐year‐old previously healthy woman underwent surgery of the vocal folds and developed early postoperative seizures caused by an unusual aetiology. Clinical assessment and laboratory results revealed that the patient suffered from an acute‐onset shigellosis infection which was thought to be the cause of her early postoperative seizures. The shigellosis infection was treated with azithromycin which resulted in rapid clinical improvement, and the seizures were successfully managed with benzodiazepines, sodium valproate and levetiracetam. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of shigellosis‐induced seizures in an adult in the peri‐operative period. Early detection of the aetiology of seizures is crucial to ensure appropriate management and a safe patient outcome.
Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species in human male fertility. A crossroad of cellular signaling and pathology
Authors: Otasevic Vesna , Stancic Ana , Korac Aleksandra , Jankovic Aleksandra , Korac Bato
Published: June 2019

Infertility is a significant global health problem that currently affects one of six couples in reproductive age. The quality of male reproductive cells dramatically decreased over the last years and almost every aspect of modern life additionally worsen sperm functional parameters that consequently markedly increase male infertility. This clearly points out the importance of finding a new approach to treat male infertility. Redox signaling mediated by reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species (ROS, RNS, and RSS respectively), has appeared important for sperm reproductive function. Present review summarizes the current knowledge of ROS, RNS, and RSS in male reproductive biology and identifies potential targets for development of novel pharmacological and therapeutic approaches for male infertility by targeted therapeutic modulation of redox signaling.
Metabolic engineering to improve 1,5‐diaminopentane production from cellobiose using β‐glucosidase‐secreting Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Matsuura Rena , Kishida Mayumi , Konishi Rie , Hirata Yuuki , Adachi Noriko , Segawa Shota , Imao Kenta , Tanaka Tsutomu , Kondo Akihiko
Published: June 2019

Microbial production of 1,5‐diaminopentane (DAP) from renewable feedstock is a promising and sustainable approach for the production of polyamides. In this study, we constructed a β‐glucosidase (BGL)‐secreting Corynebacterium glutamicum and successfully used this strain to produce DAP from cellobiose and glucose. First, C. glutamicum was metabolically engineered to produce l‐lysine (a direct precursor of DAP), followed by the coexpression of l‐lysine decarboxylase and BGL derived from Escherichia coli and Thermobifida fusca YX (Tfu0937), respectively. This new engineered C. glutamicum strain produced 27 g/L of DAP from cellobiose in CGXII minimal medium using fed‐batch cultivation. The yield of DAP was 0.43 g/g glucose (1 g of cellobiose corresponds to 1.1 g of glucose), which is the highest yield reported to date. These results demonstrate the feasibility of DAP production from cellobiose or cellooligosaccharides using an engineered C. glutamicum strain.
Is androgen deprivation therapy associated with cerebral infarction in patients with prostate cancer? A Korean nationwide population‐based propensity score matching study
Authors: Tae Bum Sik , Jeon Byeong Jo , Choi Hoon , Bae Jae Hyun , Park Jae Young
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Previous studies have suggested that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with cerebral infarction. However, conflicting results have been reported by other researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ADT and cerebral infarction in patients with prostate cancer (PC) using big data.

Materials and Methods

Using information from the National Health Insurance Service database representative of the entire Korean adult PC population (n = 206 735), data regarding ADT and cerebral infarction between 2009 and 2016 were analyzed. Adjusted hazard ratios for cerebral infarction associated with ADT were estimated using propensity score‐matched Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses.

Results

The final cohort comprised 36 146 individuals with PC, including 24 069 men (66.6%) who underwent ADT. During the mean follow‐up of 4.1 years, 2792 patients were newly diagnosed with cerebral infarction. In the unmatched cohort, there was a significant difference in the annual incidence of cerebral infarction between the ADT and non‐ADT groups (22.8 vs 14.6 per 1000 person‐years, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the ADT and non‐ADT groups in the matched cohort (14.9 vs 14.6 per 1000 person‐years). The adjusted hazard ratio for cerebral infarction for PC patients who underwent ADT was 1.045 (95% CI 0.943‐1.159; P = 0.401) compared with those who did not undergo ADT. In addition, the cumulative duration of ADT was also not associated with an increased risk for cerebral infarction. However, older age, hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, dementia, and atrial fibrillation were revealed to be factors contributing to cerebral infarction.

Conclusion

This nationwide population‐based study revealed that ADT was not associated with cerebral infarction after adjusting for potential confounders.
Modulated electro‐hyperthermia induced p53 driven apoptosis and cell cycle arrest additively support doxorubicin chemotherapy of colorectal cancer in vitro
Authors: Vancsik Tamas , Forika Gertrud , Balogh Andrea , Kiss Eva , Krenacs Tibor
Published: June 2019

Objective

Modulated electro‐hyperthermia (mEHT), a noninvasive complementary treatment of human chemo‐ and radiotherapy, can generate selective ~42°C heat in cancer due to elevated glycolysis (Warburg‐effect) and electric conductivity in malignant tissues. Here we tested the molecular background of mEHT and its combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy using an in vitro model.

Methods

C26 mouse colorectal adenocarcinoma cultures were mEHT treated at 42°C for 2 × 60 minutes (with 120 minutes interruption) either alone or in combination with 1 µmol/L doxorubicin (mEHT + Dox). Cell stress response, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation related markers were detected using qPCR and immunocytochemistry supported with resazurin cell viability assay, cell death analysis using flow‐cytometry and clonogenic assay.

Result

Cell‐stress by mEHT alone was indicated by the significant upregulation and release of hsp70 and calreticulin proteins 3 hours posttreatment. Between 3 and 9 hours after treatment significantly reduced anti‐apoptotic XIAP, BCL‐2, and BCL‐XL and elevated pro‐apoptotic BAX and PUMA, as well as the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1 mRNA levels were detected. After 24 hours, major elevation and nuclear translocation of phospho‐p53(Ser15) protein levels and reduced phospho‐Akt(Ser473) levels were accompanied by a significant caspase‐3‐mediated programmed cell death response. While mEHT dominantly induced apoptosis, Dox administration primarily led to tumor cell necrosis, and both significantly reduced the number of tumor progenitor colonies 10 days post‐treatment. Furthermore, mEHT promoted the uptake of Dox by tumor cells and the combined treatment additively reduced tumor cell viability and augmented cell death near to synergy.

Conclusion

In C26 colorectal adenocarcinoma mEHT‐induced irreversible cell stress can activate both caspase‐dependent apoptosis and p21waf1 mediated growth arrest pathways, likely to be driven by the upregulated nuclear p53 protein. Elevated phospho‐p53(Ser15) might contribute to p53 escape from mdm2 control, which was further supported by reduced phospho‐Akt(Ser473) protein levels. In combinations, mEHT could promote the uptake and significantly potentiate the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin.
Take advantage of summer downtime
Authors: Rahn Josh
Published: June 2019

Summer is a quieter time on many college campuses across the nation. The student population is a fraction of what it is during the academic year, so many facilities are on much shorter hours, or even closed altogether. With a bit more time to spare and fewer immediate responsibilities, various administrative departments can shift their focus to back‐burner or supplemental tasks. Campus police departments are no exception.
Take proactive approach to protect against academic fraud
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: June 2019

High‐profile cases involving academic fraud have seemingly been on the rise during the last 10 years at institutions of all sizes, reputations, and levels of academic rigor. Whether revealed by a whistleblower, discovered through the institution's own due diligence, or disclosed through the admission of a wrongdoer who has had second thoughts, the existence and inevitable public exposure of academic fraud is never a positive situation for any school.
Learn how to engage the athletically unengaged
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2019

When student‐athletes discover they can no longer practice or compete due to medical disqualifications or cuts from the team, they tend to struggle with discouragement, loneliness, depression, anxiety, disconnection, and isolation. They're likely to encounter academic challenges and a lack of support. Although some former student‐athletes appreciate suddenly having time to explore other interests, many don't know how to fill all that unexpected, unfamiliar free time.
Prepare now to manage potential crisis
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2019

When Lisa Campos, vice president for intercollegiate athletics and director of athletics at the University of Texas at San Antonio, received notice of an active shooter, which turned out to be a false alarm, it was a valuable wake‐up call.
Create a culture of accountability within your athletics department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2019

If the performance of your coaches or your staff members doesn't meet your expectations — whether they treat student‐athletes poorly, fall short of recruiting goals, or submit reports late — holding them accountable can lead to better outcomes for you and your athletics department.
Minimalist Protocell Design: A Molecular System Based Solely on Proteins that Form Dynamic Vesicular Membranes Embedding Enzymatic Functions
Authors: Huber Matthias C. , Schreiber Andreas , Schiller Stefan M.
Published: June 2019

Life in its molecular context is characterized by the challenge of orchestrating structure, energy and information processes through compartmentalization and chemical transformations amenable to mimicry of protocell models. Here we present an alternative protocell model incorporating dynamic membranes based on amphiphilic elastin‐like proteins (ELPs) rather than phospholipids. For the first time we demonstrate the feasibility of combining vesicular membrane formation and biocatalytic activity with molecular entities of a single class: proteins. The presented self‐assembled protein‐membrane‐based compartments (PMBCs) accommodate either an anabolic reaction, based on free DNA ligase as an example of information transformation processes, or a catabolic process. We present a catabolic process based on a single molecular entity combining an amphiphilic protein with tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease as part of the enclosure of a reaction space and facilitating selective catalytic transformations. Combining compartmentalization and biocatalytic activity by utilizing an amphiphilic molecular building block with and without enzyme functionalization enables new strategies in bottom‐up synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, pharmaceutical science and biotechnology.
Cascade Biotransformation to Access 3‐Methylpiperidine in Whole Cells
Authors: Borlinghaus Niels , Weinmann Leonie , Krimpzer Florian , Scheller Philipp N. , Al‐Shameri Ammar , Lauterbach Lars , Coquel Anne‐Sophie , Lattemann Claus , Hauer Bernhard , Nestl Bettina M.
Published: June 2019

Synthesis of 3‐methylpiperidine from 1,5‐diamino‐2‐methylpentane in preparative scale is reported by using recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing a variant of the diamine oxidase from Rhodococcus erythroprolis and an imine reductase from Streptosporangium roseum. Optimization of process parameters for cultivation and bioconversion led to substantial improvements in the initial laboratory procedure. The transformation of the methyl‐substituted diamine substrate to the N‐heterocyclic product was successfully scaled‐up from shake‐flask to a 20 L bioreactor with increased substrate concentrations. Remarkably, we obtained 67 % of 3‐methylpiperidine product from 140 g substrate within 52 h.
Validation and Application of a Kinetic Model for Downdraft Biomass Gasification Simulation
Authors: Smith Joseph D. , Alembath Anand , Al-Rubaye Haider , Yu Jia , Gao Xi , Golpour Hassan
Published: June 2019

Biomass gasification is widely recognized as an effective method to obtain renewable energy. To accurately predict the syngas and tar compositions is a challenge. A chemical reaction kinetics model based on comprehensive gasification kinetics is proposed to simulate downdraft biomass gasification. The kinetic model is validated by direct comparison to experimental results of two downdraft gasifiers available in the literature and is found to be more accurate than the widely used Gibbs energy‐minimizing model (GEM model). The kinetic model is then applied to investigate the effects of equivalence ratio (ER), gasification temperature, biomass moisture content, and biomass composition on syngas and tar production. Accurate water‐gas shift and CO shift reaction kinetics are found critical to achieve good agreement with experimental results.
BODIPY Dyes Bearing Multibranched Fluorinated Chains: Synthesis, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Martinez Espinoza Maria I. , Sori Lorenzo , Pizzi Andrea , Terraneo Giancarlo , Moggio Ivana , Arias Eduardo , Pozzi Gianluca , Orlandi Simonetta , Dichiarante Valentina , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Cavazzini Marco , Baldelli Bombelli Francesca
Published: June 2019

A small series of boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, characterized by the presence of multibranched fluorinated residues, were designed and synthesized. The dyes differ in both the position (para‐perfluoroalkoxy‐substituted phenyl ring or boron functionalization) and number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (27 or 54 fluorine atoms per molecule). Photophysical and crystallographic characterization of the synthesized BODIPYs was carried out to evaluate the effect of the presence of highly fluorinated moieties on the optical and morphological properties of such compounds.
Sulfones as Chemical Chameleons: Versatile Synthetic Equivalents of Small‐Molecule Synthons
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Kalnmals Christopher A.
Published: June 2019

Sulfones are flexible functional groups that can act as nucleophiles, electrophiles, or even radicals. Changing the reaction conditions can completely alter the reactivity of a sulfonyl group, and as a result, molecules bearing multiple sulfones are versatile building blocks. This Review highlights the unique ability of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐bis(sulfones) to masquerade as a vast array of reactive synthons including methane polyanions, vinyl cations, and all‐carbon dipoles that would be difficult or impossible to access directly.