bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC) in the Design of Multimedia Speaker Box
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Li , Wang Kun Qian
Published: November 2013

This paper expounds the applications of WPC in the design of multimedia speaker box, and analyzes the advantages of WPC as the material of multimedia speaker box from three aspects: excellent acoustic performance, easily processing and environmentally friendly. It puts forth effective theoretical support for the applications of WPC in the design of multimedia speaker box.
Tribological Properties of Ti-Al Alloy Self-Lubricating Composite Materials
Authors: Wang Xiu Ling , Yang Li Ying , Wang Shou Ren , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2013

A series of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb/62%BaF2-38%CaF2 (CB) self-lubricating composites with addition of different weight percentage of solid lubricant were prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering. Sliding wear tests against 45#steel were performed on the specimen in dry conditions, worn morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The test results show that when addition of solid lubricant weight percentage is 10%, the worn surface of the composites is most smooth.The main wear mechanisms of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb/62%BaF2-38%CaF2 composite are abrasive wear and adherent wear.
Influence of Auxiliary Material on the Performance of the Resin Bond Used in Abrasive Tools
Authors: Li Shi Lei , Lin Tao , Wang Zhi , He Xin Bo
Published: November 2013

The resin bond abrasive tool was prepared by hot pressing in this paper. The effects on the mechanical properties for three auxiliary materials were researched by changing the content of the auxiliary materials in the phenolic resin-based bond in this paper. The samples were tested by the abrasive tool sample's bending strength and Rockwell hardness. It shows that following by increasing the Cr2O3 content, the bending strength and hardness reduced, when the content was 5% and a substantial increase, and when the content was 5%, flexural strength of 9.28%, the hardness increased up 8.93%. When the content of NaHCO3 is 16%, the hardness was reduced by 21.71%, the flexural strength fell by 35.61%. As the SiC powder content increases, the hardness of the abrasive will be a weak decrease, the bending strength decreased more, and when the SiC content of 7%, the hardness decreased by 11.11%, 31.25% of the bending strength decreased, while the grinding efficiency is also reduced.
Effect of Sintering Time on the Mechanical Properties of WC-8Co Cemented Carbide for Friction Stir Welding Tool
Authors: Liang Bing Liang , Zhang Chen , Ai Yun Long , Liu Chang Hong , He Wen , Chen Wei Hua , Wen Jin Zhi
Published: November 2013

WC-8Co cemented carbide specimens were prepared via vacuum sintering. The influences of sintering time on phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbide were investigated. The results show that dense specimens were obtained in the sintering time range of 15min~60min and the relative density reached over 95%. Only WC and Co3W3C (γ-phase) were detected by XRD without any else phases, even though Co. With the ascended sintering time, the transverse rupture strength (TRS) increased and hardness ascended to peak value and then descended. WC-Co cemented carbide with excellent mechanical properties (HRA>90, TRS~630MPa and KIC>7MPa·m1/2) were obtained. It would be a good candidate for applications of friction stir welding tool.
Influencing Factors and Conditions on the Synthesis of Double Activity Sulfate-Gallate Bagasse Xylan
Authors: Li He Ping , Yang Guan Wei , Yang Guan Wei , Yuan Jin Wei
Published: November 2013

A kind of double activity sulfate-gallate bagasse xylan was synthesized by grafting gallic acid onto bagasse xylan sulfate in the presence of catalyst via esterification. The bagasse xylan sulfate was synthesized by using sodium nitrilotriacetic sulfonate as esterifying agent in our previous work. The degree of substitution (DS) of product was determined with the method of acid-base titration. The influencing factors of the various conditions on the reaction of bagasse xylan sulfate with gallic acid was investigated, and the optimal conditions were obtained as follows:reaction temperature 45 °C, reaction time 5.0 h, mass ratio of xylan sulfate to catalyst 50:1, ratio of reaction solution to bagasse xylan 15:1 (mL/g).
The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Li0.5Mn1.375O3
Authors: Jiang Jin He , Dai Wei Yu
Published: November 2013

Compound [Li0.5Mn1.375O3] was a spinel-type metal compound and was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The characterization results showed that the exchange capacity of Li+ was 2.8mmol/g for Li+. Li0.5Mn1.375O3 is an ion-memory inorganic ion exchanger of Li+. It had a memorial ion-sieve property for Li+.
Prepare and Properties of Titanium with Surface Nanostructure by High Energy Shot Peening
Authors: Yin Bao Di , Zhang Shuo Fei , Yang Jing Yuan , Deng Zhen Nan , Sun Yu
Published: November 2013

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of a novel process of surface modification, surface nanocrystallization by high energy shot peening (HESP), on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. A disc of pure titanium was processed to HESP in a commercial shot peening equipment, to create nanostructure at the surface. The surface microstructure was characterized by SEM and osteoblasts were co-cultured with the surface nanostructured titanium and unreceived titanium surface to evaluate their biocompatibility. The nanostructured surface layer on titanium was successfully processed by HESP, and the nanosized grains were about 60 nm in diameter and inhomogeneous distributed on the surface of n-Ti. The results also confirmed the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were highly improved on surface nanostructured titanium. This finding suggests that there is high potential of this novel surface modification process which could enhance bone tissue growth of dental implant.
Study of Adhesive Curing Pressure in Process of Ferrite Phase Shifter
Authors: Li Qing , Fu Gui Cui , Wan Bo
Published: November 2013

The adhesive cure reaction in manufacture of ferrite phase shifter is studied. Strength of epoxy adhesive joint has been tested in process experiments. Mathematical model is fitted to describe the relationship between the strength of adhesive joint and curing pressure, and an appropriate curing pressure is obtained through sensitivity analysis. The real-time control scheme of process parameters is carried out to improve the first pass rate, which is influenced by void defects in the adhesive layer.
Effect of Lithium Difluoro(oxalato)Borate-Based Electrolyte on the Performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 for High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xiao Peng , Cui Xiao Ling , Wang Man Yun , Wang Xiu Xiu
Published: November 2013

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4is a promising 5 V class anode material for high power applications; however, before applying in lithium-ion batteries, it is necessary to find more appropriate electrolyte systems to exert the perfect electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. In this paper, the electrochemical performances of lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (LiODFB)-sulfolane (SL)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) electrolyte are investigated. It shows high oxidation potentials (>5.4 V) and satisfactory conductivities. When used in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li cells, compared to the cell with the electrolyte system of LiPF6-ethylene carbonate/DMC, LiODFB-SL/DMC electrolyte exhibits more stable cycle performance and higher discharge voltage plateau (>4.64 V).
The Preparation of Color Ink-Jet Paper Coating and the Investigation of its Printing Quality
Authors: Liu Jing
Published: November 2013

In order to know the coating effect and application of color ink-jet paper, the coating formula and printing quality of ink-jet paper were deeply studied. First of all, the coating liquid was prepared by dispersing and mixing the nanometer pigment, the adhesive and the other additives. Then the properties of ink-jet paper were tested and their surface profiles were characterized and evaluated with scanning electron microscope. Finally, the coating paper samples and the base papers were all printed with color ink-jet printer and measured with a spectrodensitometer. The study result showed that it can gain well coating and printing quality when the ratio of SiO2and TiO2is 3:1 and the content of PVA adhesive is 50%, especially paper whiteness is obviously higher than that before the coating.
Using Stress Relaxation Data to Predict Creep Behavior
Authors: Guo Jin Quan , Tian Long , Shi Hui Chao , Meng Wu Zhou
Published: November 2013

An estimation method to predict creep performances of high temperature structural materials has been proposed. A Stress relaxation equation is obtained by fitting stress relaxation testing curves and modifying Tanaka-Ohba reloading stress relaxation constitutive equation. Based on the relationship between stress relaxation and creep, a unified prediction equation of creep is deduced. The method is to use the unified equation to derive creep strain rates or creep strain vs. time curves from stress relaxation measurements through some specified time increments. In order to validate the approach, the predicted results are compared to the experimental results of uni-axial isothermal creep tests conducted on 1Cr10NiMoW2VNbN steel. Good agreement between results of creep tests and the predicted results indicates that the developed method can be recommended in the creep behavior evaluation of high temperature materials.
Experiment Verification and Model Analysis of Partially-Filled Liquid Tank under Different Liquid Level
Authors: Cai Yan Nian , Liang Bing Nan , Yu Hong Liang , Song Yu Chao
Published: November 2013

In order to analyze the vibration performance of partially-filled liquid tank of ships, this paper takes the integration of measures including numerical simulation with finite element method and experimental verification with LMS vibration test and model analysis system of steel liquid tank under different liquid level conditions to study the fluid-structure interaction phenomenon. With the software of ADINA, the FEM model of the tank is developed and the model analysis which indicates the vibration modes and natural frequencies is completed. The simulation is compared with the experimental results which shows the natural frequency of the structure decreases with the level increases.
Green Process for Preparing Cellulose/Reactive Epoxy (BGE) through an In Situ Chemical Blend (Pre-Hybrid Polymer Bio-Composite)
Authors: Gibril Magdi E. , Li Xin Da , Zhang Yue , Han Ke Qing , Yu Mu Huo
Published: November 2013

Reactive extrusion as a green has been applied for cellulose/ Butyl Glycidyl Ether (BGE) in-situ chemical blend modification, process was conducted by using co-rotating twin-screw extruder through a reactive extrusion process in presence of IL (1-N-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) which was acts as plasticizer and solvent. The blended materials (cellulose/BGE) were characterized by SEM, elemental analysis, FT-IR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis. The SEM showed a good compatibility between cellulose and BGE molecules. FTIR and X-ray diffraction are showed that the hydrogen bonds of cellulose was disturbed through the extrusion, and strong interactions occurred between cellulose molecules and BGE, which was an obvious effect on the thermal stability and the degree of crystallinity (decreased).
Study on Modeling Method and Characteristics of Bearing System with High Rotation Speed
Authors: Cai Li Gang , Li Gen , Cui Ya Hui , Guo Tie Neng , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: November 2013

This paper established a general mathematical modeling method based on stress analysis of the angular contact ball bearing under high rotation speed. The influence of the centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment generated in the rotation process is taken into account in this mathematical model. This paper conducted in-depth research for these aspects: the stiffness characteristics of angular contact ball bearings under different load conditions and different rotational speed, internal contact deformation and the change of bearing parameters.
Analysis of Equivalent Parameters for Honeycomb Sandwich Mirror
Authors: Chen Xiao An , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Hu Gui Tao , Zeng Qing Na , Liu Hong , Fang Jing Zhong
Published: November 2013

The influence of structure parameters on mechanical properties of honeycomb sandwich mirror was investigated. Gibson hexagon equivalent theory, sandwich plate theory and Hoff theory were modified based on the theoretical analysis. The results were shown that structure parameters had non-linear influence on dimensionless structure tensile specific stiffness, shearing specific stiffness and bending stiffness in different direction while the honeycomb core was equivalent as solid material with modified material properties. The honeycomb mirror and equivalent model was modeled by using finite element method. The root mean square (RMS) and peak-to-valley (PV) values of mirror surface were determined under gravity with the optical axis pointed to the zenith. Compared with the actual modeling data, the relative error of equivalent results was less than 5%. And the optimal structure parameter range was obtained by these analyses.
Application of Hidden Markov Models in Ball Mill Gearbox for Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Zheng Rong Shu , Dong Xin Min , Hao Wang Sheng , Li Yan , Wang Rui Xin
Published: November 2013

In this paper, a ball mill gear reducer was regarded as the research object. Based on the HMM pattern recognition theory, DHMM methods that were used in fault diagnosis had been researched. The vibration signal was required a series transformations which are feature extraction, normalization, scalarization and quantization to get the sequence collections. Then the quantified sequence collections were trained to get the DHMM parameter, or the Viterbi Algorithm which was used for the quantified sequence collections to calculate the maximum probability, thereby the DHMM fault models library was established or the type of fault was recognized. Experiments of five kinds of fault model diagnosis were carried out in this article.
Four-Order Parabolic Transmission Error Design of Helical Gear Based on Meshing Area
Authors: Yang Jian Jun , Wang Jian Jun
Published: November 2013

In the paper, a new transmission error design method for helical gears is presented. According to transition point position of the contact area in one meshing cycle, the proposed four-order transmission curve is able to diminish contact stress and edge contact, decrease transmission error as well. Tooth contact analysis is used to simulate contact conditions of helical gear driver with four-order parabolic modification curve. The results show that the meshing area is non-sensitive to the alignment errors.
Small Line Segment Interpolation Algorithm for Smoothing Machining
Authors: Bu Xiao Fei , Lin Hu , Zheng Liao Mo , Zhang Han
Published: November 2013

To make machining surface smoothing, a smoothing interpolation algorithm based on small line segments is proposed to meet the special requirements of smoothing machining. The algorithm takes the approach of s-curve acceleration and deceleration control for single tool path, yet between adjacent parallel trajectory adopts linear acceleration and deceleration control. This method enables feed rate between adjacent tool paths to transit continuously and meets the requirement of flexible and smooth machining. The article constructs a mathematical model of relationship among machining precision, maximum feed rate, acceleration, jerk and maximum allowable instantaneous feed rate to assure machining precision and machining efficiency. The model ensures that acceleration of single tool path and feed rate between parallel tool paths is continuous and simultaneously tries its best to enhance machining efficiency. In the end, the experiment result shows that the algorithm can meet the requirement of smoothing machining with an assurance of machining precision.
Tensile Properties of Friction Stir Welding Aluminum Alloys Used in Aviation
Authors: Chen Zhen Zhong , Li Ming , Ma Xiao Ge , Xiao Yao
Published: November 2013

AA7050and AA2024 aluminum alloys used in aviation were jointed by friction stir welding, and the tensile properties and fracture surfaces were investigated. The results show that the ultimate strength and the yield limit of welded materials can reach 90% and 75% for AA7075and AA2024 respectively, while the ultimate strength of AA7050/AA2024 FSW can reach 60.5% of AA7050 and 70.8% of AA2024, the yield limit can reach 46.2 % of AA7050 and 75.5% of AA2024. The equiaxial fine grains were found in weld nugget, the coarsen and distorted grains in the thermo-mechanically affected zone, and coarse grains in heat affected zone. The fractures occur at the advancing side between thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone. Dimples appeared on the fracture surfaces means that the fracture is ductile fracture.
Comparison between Experiments and FEM Simulations of the Reinforced Concrete Structure under Shake Table Test
Authors: Wang Ren Zuo , Chang Wen Yu , Lin Bing Chang , Huang Chao Hsun
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the numerical simulation procedure of the reinforced concrete (RC) structure is purposed using SAP2000 software. The plastic hinge model (PHM) is using SWPH code. This PHM is to simulate the nonlinear responses of the RC structure under seismic. The numerical structural models are established using FEM models. The test specimen under shake table is two-span RC structure. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of RC structural model, comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are close. The proposed procedure can be used to simulate the nonlinear responses of RC structure under seismic.
Parameter Identification of a Stress Relaxation Model Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Wei Wei , Xu Hong
Published: November 2013

In order to determine the parameters of a stress relaxation model based on Altenbach-Gorash-Naumenko creep equations, an efficient parameter identification scheme is discussed. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is used in the identification procedure with a modified forward-Euler scheme. The model parameters of 1Cr-0.5Mo-0.25V stainless steel bolting material at 500°C have been determined, and the creep and stress relaxation behaviors have been calculated. Comparing with a step-by-step model parameter determination technology and the genetic algorithm (GA), it shows that the DE algorithm has better convergence property and suitability for parallelization, and no need of initial guesses close to the solution. Results indicate that the optimum solutions can be obtained more easily by DE algorithm than others.
Determination of a Loading Pressure in the Metal Forming by the Given Movements
Authors: Murashkin Evgenii V. , Polonik Marina V.
Published: November 2013

We propose a mathematical model of large elastocreep deformations. As part of the constructed mathematical model the problem of deformation of the material in the vicinity of microdefect was solved. Integro-differential dependence of external pressure from irreversible deformations and displacements was obtained. The laws of loading material from vector displacements were calculated. We have shown that the monotonous laws of deformation can lead to non-monotonous stress changes.
Skid Line Prediction in Automobile Panel Forming Process
Authors: Li Qiao Min , Liu Yu Qi , Li Gui , Zhang Zhi Bing , Du Ting
Published: November 2013

The formation mechanism of skid lines in automobile panel forming process is investigated in this paper. Based on finite element dynamic explicit algorithm and area coordinate method, a numerical system for predicting skid line is proposed. By comparing with the experimental results, the prediction system is proved to be accurate and efficient.
Study on the Preparation of New Thickener in Reactive Printing
Authors: Tan Yan Jun , Liu Chang Nan , Chen Xiu Na , Ma Jia Li
Published: November 2013

As thickener in reactive printing, sodium alginate had the following disadvantages, bad rheology, edge infiltration of the printed fine pattern, large flower permeability etc. Taking starch as raw material, Taking starch as raw material, we adopted stepwise alkaline process in this paper to prepare modified starch as the printing paste, in order to improve sodium alginate paste. to select suitable new printing paste to print fine pattern. We tested the physical properties such as viscosity, rheology, holding water etc,
Simulation on Linear-Motor-Driven Water Hydraulic Reciprocating Plunger Pump
Authors: Zhang Zeng Meng , Gong Yong Jun , Hou Jiao Yi , Wu Han Peng
Published: November 2013

The water hydraulic reciprocating plunger pump driven by linear motor is suitable to deep sea application with high efficiency and variable control. Aiming to study the principle structure and working characteristics of the pump, two patterns of valve and piston distribution were designed. And the control method and the performance were analyzed by simulation based on the AMESim model. The results show that the pressure and flow pulsation of piston type pump are much smaller than the valve type, even though the piston type is large in scale and works at low flow rate. Compared with a valve distribution tri-linear-motor reciprocating plunger pump (VDTLMP), as the flow rate of the piston distribution double linear motor reciprocating plunger pump (PDDLMP) is decreased from 36.7 L/min to 21.2 L/min theoretically, the pressure pulsation amplitude is decreased from 46% to 2%, and the flow pulsation rate is also decreased from 0.266 to 0.007. These results contribute to the research on deep-sea water hydraulic power pack and direct drive pump with high efficiency and energy conservation.
Method of Holes Machining Path Optimization for NC Turret Punch Press
Authors: Zhong Pei Si , Yu Ying Jing , Xin Hai Liang , Lu Zhen Guo
Published: November 2013

The basic composition and working principle of the turret punch press were analyzed, the recent distance method and genetic algorithm optimize method of holes machining path of NC turret punch press was put forward, the corresponding mathematical model and optimization algorithm was respectively given, these two kinds of optimization methods aiming at different types of holes are compared with the examples, put forward a kind of the integrated holes machining path optimization.
The Development of Robot for Work of Drainpipe Deposit Cleaning
Authors: Xu Feng Ping , Zhou Yan , Zhao Zhi Cong
Published: November 2013

According to the requirement of automatization of drainpipe deposit cleaning work in the municipal engineering works, a kind of robot for work of drainpipe deposit cleaning has been researched and manufactured with the simulation analysis and technique of virtual prototyping. In article the composition principle and key techniques of the robot are introduced in detail, including technique of adapting and adjusting the change of pipe diameter, technique of obstacle crossing, technique of walking and driving and so on. The manufactured prototype and results of tests show that the robot possesses characteristics, such as adapting range of pipe diameter is between 400~500mm, the walk speed when working is 2m/min, the drag force could reach 3000N above, and the walk distance could reach 1000m..
Dynamic Response of a Main Shaft System of Francis Turbine-Generator Units
Authors: Li Zhao Jun , Zhang Yu Ling , Yang Xu Juan
Published: November 2013

Taking the generator and turbine as an integrated system, the nonlinear coupling dynamic equations of the system are established by the finite element method. According to the dynamic equations, the global coupling relations among the structural parameters, fluid parameters and electromagnetic parameters are discovered. Based on the dynamic equations, the dynamic responses of the system are calculated and analyzed. The results show that not only the structural parameters, but also the fluid parameters and the electromagnetic parameters have significant effects on the dynamic responses of the system. Finally, an example is presented.
Research on the Flexible Product Platform Technology of Machining Center
Authors: Zhao Yan Ling , Ma Su Chang
Published: November 2013

As the main production equipment in the machinery industry, machining center (MC) market is active, it is urgent to enhance its development and design ability. Product platform can be a good solution to this problem. In the constructing process, market segmentation grid of MC was created firstly, variants and part of future uncertainties were identified at the same time. Then the unknown uncertainties related to customer needs were analyzed to find out the key design parameters. Through the mapping between the parameters and structure, the critical flexible modules were determined. Finally, the flexible product platform was constructed by extracting the common and the flexible modules. Keywords: MC; Flexible product platform; Platform planning; Flexible modules
The Virtual Prototype Dynamic Simulation Design for the Lunar Vehicle Based on ADAMS
Authors: Li Xu Rong , Kong Xian Bing , Xiang Zi Can
Published: November 2013

It is a creative design to use kickstands and six wheels for the lunar vehicle.A lunar vehicle virtual prototype is set up.Some joints and functions are added to this virtual prototype to complete its dynamic simulation.Meanwhile,the simulation result has been analysed for its forward,striding obstacle,spaning the concave,swerving the direction and climbing the slope.It is verified that the stationarity and feasibility for this kickstand and six wheels design by the anlysis.This provides the scientific basis for the next whole machine design.
Structure Design and Optimization of the Metal Spoon Cross Rolling Mills
Authors: Liu Ze Min , Fu Li
Published: November 2013

We used to adopt the manual operation on the closed cross rolling mills to produce metal spoons in the traditional ways which is inefficient and hard to handle. The open cross rolling mill developed in this paper enables automation coordinating with the conveyer belt. Productivity can rise through rack structure optimization and parameter adjustment. Compared with the traditional manual operation, the open cross rolling mill is safer, more efficient and more convenient to handle.
Boring-Rolling Process Research and Tooling Design of Hydraulic Cylinder
Authors: Jing Yan , Zhao Feng
Published: November 2013

By comparison, this paper determines inner bore processing technic program of the engineering machinery hydraulic cylinder block and makes some analysis of the rolling processing technic and relevant emerging issues to propose reasonable and feasible process route and process parameters and ensure the quality of the cylinder processing. It also shows the design of boring-rolling compound tools with high efficiency and high precision for given cylinders.
OSK Digital Circuit Design for a 14-bit 2.5 GSPS RF-DDS
Authors: Deng Zhi Hui , Zhu Yun Hang
Published: November 2013

The direct digital frequency synthesizing technology is one of the main area for frequency synthesizing technology. This paper proposed an output shift keying (OSK) digital circuit design for a 14-bit 2.5GSPS RF-DDS, which can support two modes: manual OSK and automatic OSK. Simulation verification and test results both show the OSK circuit design can support amplitude modulation.
Design and Development of Physical Education Teaching Network Courses in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Li Lin Yong , Xiao Bing
Published: November 2013

Based on the finished project on the net course of collegiate physical education, author discussed the considerations in designing and developing the net course of collegiate physical education from the aspects of designing principles,designing ideas, writing scripts, structure designation, navigation designation, and interfacial designation, so as to give some insights into the reform of collegiate physical education.
Development of Computer-Aided Design Module for Mechanical Products Based on AutoCAD
Authors: Zhang Liang Dong , Liao Ying Hua , Fu Chun Hua
Published: November 2013

Based on the basic process of mechanical product design and a modular design idea, the module includes three parts, i.e. design calculation, computer-aided drawing and foundation database. The design calculation mainly includes the commonly used design calculation program in mechanical product design, and the computer-aided drawing mainly includes the parametric drawing programs about the drawing environment and the commonly used machine parts, the foundation database mainly stores the data related to the mechanical product design. Then a computer-aided design module for mechanical product will be constructed by Autolisp and DCL. And the proposed computer-aided design module is developed on the friendly interface, easy to use, and can provide mechanical engineers for product design efficiency greatly.
Research on the Facilities Layout Planning in MTO Manufacturing Industry Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Ying , Li You Rong , Zhou Yu Qiong
Published: November 2013

To enlarge production to meet the market demand, its nessasery to improve the present facility layout for MTO (Make-To-Order) manufacturing enterprises. This paper tries to design a optimization method based on genetic algorithm for the facility layout of MTO enterprises. Firstly, SLP (systematic layout planning) was applied to analyze the material and non-material flow interrelation of the workshop. Secondly, a relatively optimum layout was determined after using fuzzy hierarchy estimation to evaluate the schemes. Then the scheme was optimized with genetic algorithm. The result shows that the optimized logistics transport load is obviously less than before. This design method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proved feasible and effective in the optimization of facility layout.
Inverse Generalized Harmonic Numbers with Riordan Arrays
Authors: Xi Gao Wen , Long Lan , Tian Xue Quan , Chen Zhao Hui
Published: November 2013

In this paper, By observing that the infinite triangle obtained from some generalized harmonic numbers follows a Riordan array, we obtain connections between the Stirling numbers of both kinds and other inverse generalized harmonic numbers. Further, we proved some combinatorial sums and inverse generalized harmonic number identities.
Effect on Tailing Dam Stability of Rainfall Infiltration
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Jie , Zhang Zhi Jun , Gui Rong
Published: November 2013

Flow-deformation coupled unsaturated soil model is built based on rainfall infiltration condition and modified Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion according to modeling a tailing dam with ABAQUS software. A few conclusions are obtained by adopting proper hydraulic curve soil water characteristic curve and compared with actually measures data. Studies yields provide foundations for simulation analysis on tailing dam on the condition of rainfall infiltration.
The Applicability of Code for Characteristic Depth in Liquefied Evaluation
Authors: Li Zhao Yan , Wang Yun Long
Published: November 2013

In the Initial impression of seismic code liquefaction conditions, when sand overburden depth is deeper than the characteristic sentenced, it will not consider the liquefied impact, in this paper use recent liquefied sites survey data to examine the liquefaction evaluations applicability. Using 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan and 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake liquefaction survey data, can find the characteristic depth will produce misjudgment and dangerous result; using 2011 New Zealand Ms6.3 earthquake liquefaction survey data, preliminary estimates by liquefaction characteristics depth will be make 65% of the liquefied sites misjudgment liquefaction and serious danger. Therefore, the depth of liquefaction characteristics of initial conditions for code value is not applicable, need to study to improve.
Dynamically Cured Co-Polyester/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends: Influence of Epoxide Contents
Authors: Sasdipan Krisna , Kaesaman Azizon , Vennemann Norbert , Nakason Charoen
Published: November 2013

Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on co-polyester and epoxidized natural rubber blends with various epoxide contents (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol% epoxide) were prepared. It was found that storage modulus and complex viscosity increased with increasing epoxide contents while tan δ decreased. Furthermore, increasing of glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rubber phase in the blend was observed with increasing epoxide content. Also, the tensile strength and elongation at break before and after aging increased with increasing epoxide content. Moreover, it was found that the epoxide content did not pragmatically effect on decomposition temperature (Td) of the blends, but it caused decreasing in decompositionrate of the blends.
Modulation of Drug Release from Natural Rubber Coated Capsule Loaded with Sodium Bicarbonate and Camphor
Authors: Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: November 2013

Natural rubber (NR) has the distinguished film forming and hydrophobic properties. If it could be reformed by an addition of some pore forming agents, the porous topography of this produced material would be interesting for applying in controlled release system. The purpose of this study is to investigate on characterization of film coat and release of propranolol hydrochloride (P) from capsules coated with NR latex. The experimental methods involved the preparation of NR film which was optimally prepared by dipping technique followed by drying onto hard gelatin capsule. The drug release was determined for coated systems fabricated with two different techniques (the dissolving of sodium bicarbonate and the sublimation of ammonium carbonate or camphor). It indicated that ammonium carbonate was incompatible with NR latex. The extent of overall in vitro release of P into HCl buffer pH 1.2 from plain NR film coated capsule at 8 h was approximately 1%. However, the decrease concentration of NR latex or addition of sodium bicarbonate or camphor could enhance the extent of drug release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited the micro porous nature for systems loaded with sodium bicarbonate or camphor. Therefore the hydrophobic nature of NR was proper for sustainable drug release which an incorporation of some poring agent could modulate the release of active compounds.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Gas Transport in Polyisoprene Matrix
Authors: Rakkapao Natthida
Published: November 2013

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to study the diffusivity of biogas in a PI matrix with the aim to verify simulations as a useful tool to predict PI membrane properties for biogas treatment. The simulation model of PI numerical was reliable and accurate in predicting both the material properties and the diffusivity of gases in PI matrix. The diffusion coefficients (D) of the major components in biogas, namely CH4, CO2, H2O, O2, and N2, were computed by simulating trajectories of each gas in PI matrix at 300 K. The simulations gave DCO2 that was 6 times larger than DCH4, and this agrees well with permeabilities reported in the literature. This suggests that PI membranes could be used to treat biogas by separating CO2 and CH4. However, the diffusivities of N2, H2O, and CH4 are closely similar, so PI membranes are not capable of separating these. The potential application of PI membrane to CO2/CH4 separation seems worth further exploration.
Influence of the Type of Alkylamine Organic Modifiers on Thermal Mechanical Behavior and other Related Properties of Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Sookyung Uraiwan , Thaijaroen Woothichai , Vennemann Norbert , Nakason Charoen
Published: November 2013

Sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) nanoclay was modified with different types of alkylamine organic modifier including primary and quaternary alkylamines. Influence types of alkylamine on properties of natural rubber/clay nanocomposites was investigated. It was found that organoclays caused improvement of mechanical properties of natural rubber, and accelerated vulcanization reaction with higher degree of crosslinking. In addition, organoclay modified with quaternary alkylamine showed significance cure reversion phenomenon which caused reduction of thermal stability. On the other hand, primary alkylamine modified nanoclay caused improvement of thermal stability of natural rubber. Moreover, stress relaxation was observed at the melting temperature of the modifying agent.
Property Enhancement of Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compatibilized with Epoxidized Low Molecular Weight Rubber by Extra Sulfur
Authors: Saramolee Prachid , Sahakaro Kannika , Lopattananon Natinee , Dierkes Wilma , Noordermeer Jacques W.M.
Published: November 2013

The properties of both compounds and vulcanizates of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compatibilized with epoxidized low molecular weight natural rubbers (ELMWNRs) consisting of 12 and 28 mol% epoxide are investigated. The ELMWNRs with a molecular weight range of 50,000 to 60,000 g/mol are produced by depolymerization of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) latex using periodic acid, and then used as compatibilizer in a range of 0 to 15 phr in virgin NR. The compounds with LMWNR without epoxide groups, and with bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) coupling agent are also prepared for comparison purpose. Incorporation of ELMWNRs lowers Mooney viscosity and Payne effect to the level closed to that of silica/TESPT compound, and clearly enhances the modulus and tensile strength of vulcanizates compared to the compounds with no compatibilizer and LMWNR. The higher epoxide groups content results in the better tensile properties but somewhat less than the compound with TESPT. Addition of extra sulfur into the compounds with LMWNR and ELMWNRs to compensate for the sulfur released from silane molecule in the silica/TESPT system shows small influence on Mooney viscosity, but remarkably enhances 300% modulus, tensile strength and loss tangent at 60°C as a result of the better network formation.
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Conductive Carbon Black Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber
Authors: Matchawet Suradet , Nakason Charoen , Kaesaman Azizon
Published: November 2013

Electrical and mechanical properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-25) filled with conductive carbon black (CCB) have been investigated. SEM was used to analyze dispersion of CCB particles in rubber matrix. The results indicated that the AC conductivity increase with increasing volume fraction of carbon black as well as frequency. The percolation thresholds of the electrical conductivity was found at 0.10 volume fraction of CCB. Furthermore, addition of CCB at volume fraction 0.05 caused the highest tensile strength of the composites. The tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased with increasing content of CCB greater than 0.05 volume fraction. However, the volume fraction of CCB at 0.10 demonstrated the most suitable proportion for the ENR composites with superior electrical and mechanical properties.
Effect of Bis (Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide on Physical Properties of Rice Husk Fiber/Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Srisuwan Ladawan , Jarukumjorn Kasama , Suppakarn Nitinat
Published: November 2013

In this study, rice husk fiber (RHF), a byproduct from rice milling process, was used as reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR). Generally, RHF surface and NR have different polarity. Therefore, fiber surface treatment was employed in this work to improve compatibility between RHF and NR. RHF was pretreated with alkali solution for 2 h (2ALT) before treating with various bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (Si69) contents,i.e.,2, 5 and 10 wt%. Physical properties of RHF and RHF/NR composites were characterized. FTIR spectra of Si69 treated RHF (ST) confirmed the appearance of Si69 on RHF surface. With increasing Si69 content, the peak position of FTIR absorption bands of ST did not changed. For NR composites, scorch time of ST/NR composites was longer than that of 2ALT/NR composites. With increasing Si69 content, there was no changed in scorch time of NR composites. ST/NR composites showed the maximum values of M100, M300, tensile strength and tear strength at Si69 content of 5 wt% indicating the improvement of rubber-fiber interaction and fiber dispersion in NR matrix.
Study on Utilization of Palm Oil Fly Ash as a Filler for Thermoset Natural Rubber
Authors: Bahruddin  , Helwani Zuchra , Saktiani Lili , Yanuar  , Satoto Rahmat
Published: November 2013

Palm oil fly ash (POFA) as solid waste produced from crude palm oil industries consist of quite high of silica (more than 50% w/w). This study aimed to compare the properties and morphology of thermoset natural rubber (TNR) with POFA, silica, carbon black (CB), and mixture of POFA-CB fillers. The filler content used is 30 phr (per hundred rubbers). The process of making the compound was conducted by using a roll mill at room temperature and a maximum roll rotational speed of 20 rpm. Zinc oxide 5 phr, stearic acid 2 phr, mercaptodibenzothiazyldisulfide (MBTS) 0.6 phr, and Sulfur of 3 phr were used as curative agents. Trimethylquinone (TMQ) 1 phr was used as an antioxidant. Commercial minarex 2.5 phr was used as a plasticizer. Vulcanization process was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C and a pressure of 50 kg/cm2 using a hot press. Morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Measurement of tensile properties was carried out using universal testing machine (UTM) according to ASTM D412-06a standard. The results indicated that the use of POFA as a filler could potentially produce TNR with quite good morphology, tensile properties and water absorption properties. A mixture of POFA-CB with a mass ratio of 50/50 (w/w) produced the thermoset with the value of 18.5 MPa of tensile strength, 1600% of elongation at break, and 1.2 MPa of elastic modulus.
Curing, Tensile and Morphological Properties of Treated Bentonite Filled EPDM Composite
Authors: Muniyadi Mathialagan , Ismail Hanafi
Published: November 2013

The effect of in-situ addition of Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide (TESPT) on the curing, tensile and morphological properties of bentonite filled ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) composite were investigated. EPDM/Bt compounds, with and without TESPT were prepared using laboratory scale two-roll mill, containing various Bt loading. In the presence of TESPT, the curing time (t90) and scorch time (tS2) of EPDM/Bt composites were decreased whereas, the maximum (MH) and minimum (ML) torques were increased. Tensile properties of EPDM/TESPT/Bt composites were also improved as compared to EPDM/Bt composites. Morphological observation through scanning electron microscope (SEM) proves the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between EPDM and Bt in the presence of TESPT.
Rubber Trees Affected by Necrotic Tapping Panel Dryness Exhibit Poor Transpiration Regulation under Atmospheric Drought
Authors: Ayutthaya Supat Isarangkool Na , Do Frederic C.
Published: November 2013

The objective was to study the responses in water status and transpiration regulation of rubber trees affected by the necrotic Tapping Panel Dryness (N) by comparison with healthy trees (H). The experiment was done with 5 N trees and 5 H trees of clone RRIM600 during well soil watered periods differing in evaporative demand intensity, May and August 2007. The study compared predawn leaf water potential (ψpd), midday leaf water potential (ψmid), whole tree hydraulic conductance (K), midday sapflow density (Js) and tree transpiration (ET) with the average girth size 51.54 cm of H tree and 52.66 cm of N tree. These variables, investigated in the high evaporative demand day (ETO = 3.71 mm day-1) on 23 May 2007 and low evaporative demand day (ETO = 1.75 mm day-1) on 22 Aug 2007, did not significantly differ between tree types. However, over a long period, in high evaporative demand, ET tended to be higher in N trees. Expression of ET versus ETO confirmed different relationships between the two tree types with a higher plateau of maximum transpiration for N trees. Our results suggested that individuals with relatively poor transpiration regulation could be more sensitive to necrotic Tapping Panel Dryness syndrome.
Thermal Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Alumina (MWCNT-Al2O3) Hybrid Filled Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Norlin Nosbi , Hazizan Md Akil
Published: November 2013

A hybrid compound of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-alumina (MWCNT-Al2O3) was successfully synthesized using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. MWCNT-Al2O3 at three different weight percent (0.5wt.%, 1.0wt.% and 1.5wt.%) was added into Silicone rubber of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using ultrasonic sonicator. Thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA) was performed on each composites and their thermal stability was compared. TGA thermogram showed that 1.0wt.% and 1.5wt% of hybrid compound had more weight loss recorded at decomposition temperature of 400°C. In addition, DSC thermogram also indicated that heat of fusion increased with increasing content (wt.%) of hybrid compound MWCNT-Al2O3 in the Polydimethylsiloxane composites. It was found that the presence of MWCNT-Al2O3 hybrid compound had changed the internal energy and the mass loss of the composite.
The Influence of CB, Silica and CaCO3 on Tensile and Morphological Properties of vPE/rPE/EPDM Blends
Authors: Ismail Hanafi , Noimam N.Z. , Wei Woon Hon , Nasir Muhammad Ridhwan Jamalul
Published: November 2013

The virgin polyethylene (vPE) and recycled polyethylene (rPE) was melt blended with ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) in different ratio by using a Haake Rheomix at 180°C and 50 rpm were prepared. The characterization such as tensile properties and morphology were examined. Results indicated that, the tensile strength and youngs modulus of vPE/rPE/EPDM with CB show the highest value compared to silica and CaCO3 except for elongation at break. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies proved that, better dispersion and less agglomeration of CB and silica filled particles as compared to the CaCO3.
A Comparative Analysis of Smallholders Tapping Practices in Four Rubber Producing Regions of Thailand
Authors: Chambon Bénédicte , Angthong Suttipong , Kongmanee Chaiya , Somboonsuke Buncha , Mazon Sophie , Puengcharoen Akaraya , Martin Charlotte , Lacote Régis
Published: November 2013

Rubber has been grown for long in the South and East of Thailand. Since 2005, rubber plantations have largely spread to new regions, in the North and above all in the Northeast. Tapping is one of the most important practices to optimize the yield of rubber plantations and farmers income [. If tapping practices are well documented in the traditional growing areas [2, , we lack information for the new rubber producing regions. And so far, no study has been done at the level of the country. Therefore, a survey was conducted with 219 rubber farmers from 10 provinces in four rubber producing regions to describe farmers tapping practices. The objective was to compare farmers practices in the different regions and try to identify some standardization or differentiation factors. Results show that tapping systems used by the farmers vary with the region but everywhere, even in the South and Centre east, the real tapping practices are not really intensive. Tapping practices seem to be linked to farmers rubber experience, the size of mature plantation, the rainfall and the length of the leaf-fall period. So finally, tapping days are irregularly distributed throughout the year which probably affects latex physiology and so, the potential yield of rubber plantations.