bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill display contains genuine Moon rocks
Authors: Zillhardt Thomas André Claude , van Westrenen Wim , Nuij Marianne , Warr Ryan , Su Zixian , Burnett Timothy
Published: December 2024

In the 1970s, US President Richard Nixon offered moon samples returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 missions to the leaders of the nations of the World. In this study, we used a combination of advanced X-ray analysis methods, including microtomography, tomosynthesis and hyperspectral chemical mapping to carry out a non-destructive forensic investigation of the Dutch Apollo 11 Goodwill sample, normally on display at the Boerhaave museum in the Netherlands. These powerful methods were uniquely able to non-destructively interrogate the samples encased in plastic without contact, providing 3D images of sample textures and compositional analysis, to assess whether the results agree with archive data on Apollo 11 coarse-grained soil sample number 10085, and to provide new insights on their origins. Our forensic investigation asked the question: were the rocks in the Dutch display actually picked up on the surface of the moon by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin?
Protective effect of a combination of multiple strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus on collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Yang Yang , Hong Qing , Zhang Xuehong , Liu Zhenmin
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic autoimmune disease.
Small-molecule zwitterionic morpholinium sulfonates as non-cytotoxic materials exhibiting LCST thermo-responsive phase separation in water
Authors: Chung Yu-Hsin , Jia Jianbo , Chen Wen-Yi , Chen Pin-Hsuan , Yan Bing , Chu Yen-Ho
Published: December 2024

In this work, for the first time, a fast and novel assembly of morpholinium-based zwitterionic materials (ZMs) is reported, with benzosultone 2 as the key component in the synthesis of zwitterionic smart materials.
A waste-to-wealth and safer bio-based flame retardant: a novel approach towards a phosphorus-functionalized chitosan-banana pseudo-stem composite
Authors: Nakhate Akhil V. , Kadam Vinayak M. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: December 2024

A phosphorus-functionalized chitosan-banana pseudo-stem composite applied via a layer-by-layer technique provides exceptional flame-retardant properties leading to a significant advancement in eco-friendly flame-retardant materials.
Synthesis of cyclic peptide-based [2]rotaxanes via copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Kurita Taichi , Numata Keiji
Published: December 2024

Cyclic peptide-based [2]rotaxanes were synthesized from cyclo(PG)4 and monocationic ammonium threads via CuAAC, achieving yields of up to 36%.
A facile route for the chemical functionalisation of polydivinylbenzenes and the application of amphoteric polydivinylbenzene microspheres to the simultaneous solid-phase extraction of acidic and basic drugs from water samples
Authors: Borrull Francesc , Cormack Peter A. G. , Corrigan Alan , Craig Calum , Fontanals Núria , Marcé Rosa Maria , Moral Alberto , Smith Greg
Published: December 2024

Diels–Alder cycloadditions between polydivinylbenzenes and maleic anhydride followed by ring-opening with diamines yields amphoteric polymers with WAX and WCX character.
Effect and mechanism of oritavancin on hIAPP amyloid formation
Authors: Wang Sheng-Nan , Li Xin-Yu , Lu Zhong-Xia , Liu Lu-Xin , Xu Xuan-Ping , Yu Wen-Gong , Lu Xin-Zhi
Published: December 2024

The binding of oritavancin to hIAPP suppresses hIAPP amyloidosis, thereby alleviating the resultant oxidative damage and apoptosis of cells.
Semantic segmentation of urban airborne LiDAR data of varying landcover diversity using XGBoost
Authors: Vijaywargiya Jayati , Ramiya Anandakumar M.
Published: December 2024

Semantic segmentation of aerial LiDAR dataset is a crucial step for accurate identification of urban objects for various applications pertaining to sustainable urban development. However, this task becomes more complex in urban areas characterised by the coexistence of modern developments and natural vegetation. The unstructured nature of point cloud data, along with data sparsity, irregular point distribution, and varying sizes of urban objects, presents challenges in point cloud classification. To address these challenges, development of robust algorithmic approach encompassing efficient feature sets and classification model are essential. This study incorporates point‐wise features to capture the local spatial context of points in datasets. Furthermore, an ensemble machine learning model based on extreme boosting is utilised, which integrates sequential training for weak learners, to enhance the model’s resilience. To thoroughly investigate the efficacy of the proposed approach, this study utilises three distinct datasets from diverse geographical locations, each presenting unique challenges related to class distribution, 3D terrain intricacies, and geographical variations. The Land‐cover Diversity Index is introduced to quantify the complexity of landcover in 3D by measuring the degree of class heterogeneity and the frequency of class variation in the dataset. The proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 90% on the regionally complex, higher landcover diversity dataset, Trivandrum Aerial LiDAR Dataset. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate improved overall predictive accuracy of 91% and 87% on data segments from two benchmark datasets, DALES and Vaihingen 3D.
Comparative study of electromagnetic vibration on single three‐phase and dual three‐phase permanent magnet machines with different winding layouts
Authors: Xie Wanlu , Li Weili , Tang Haoyue , Hong Jianfeng
Published: December 2024

The comparison between conventional single three‐phase permanent magnet (STP‐PM) machine and dual three‐phase permanent magnet (DTP‐PM) machine has primarily focused on performance and fault‐tolerance ability. However, electromagnetic vibration behaviour is one of vital indicator for evaluating the comprehensive performance of the machine. In this paper, the mechanism of the effect on the vibration performance of the STP‐PM machine and DTP‐PM machine with different winding layouts is analysed. First, the coil electromagnetic force phasor diagrams with different winding layouts are given. Moreover, the harmonic distribution of the armature magnetomotive force (MMF) and air‐gap electromagnetic force density (AEFD) in PM machines are analysed in detail, and vibration predictions are given. The result demonstrates that the PM machine with single‐layer winding exists high amplitude of the armature MMF sub‐harmonic components, especially at the first‐order, while the DTP‐PM machine can effectively suppress the fifth‐ and seventh‐ order harmonic components. And the AEFD amplitude at the major orders of DTP‐PM machine with double‐layer is the lowest which is of great significance to reduce vibration acceleration at 2fe. Finally, the modal test and vibration measurement for a manufactured 24slot/22pole DTP‐PM machine are carried out to validate the theoretical analysis and simulated results.
A Training for Parents Prevents Clinically Relevant Handling Errors
in the Use of Long-Term Antiseizure Medication
Authors: Kaune Almuth , Schumacher Pia Madeleine , Neininger Martina Patrizia , Syrbe Steffen , Hiemisch Andreas , Bernhard Matthias Karl , Merkenschlager Andreas , Kiess Wieland , Bertsche Astrid , Bertsche Thilo
Published: December 2024

Background Medication handling errors (ME) in long-term antiseizure
medication (ASM) compromise patient safety. Training programs to prevent those
errors by parents are scarce.

Patients The intervention concept is designed for parents of children and
adolescents aged 0–18 years with at least one long-term ASM.

Method In a controlled prospective study, we assessed ME of ASM during
home visits 3–6 weeks after a patient’s in- or outpatient hospital visit
(outpatient neuropediatric clinic and Social-Pediatric Center (SPZ)). We
investigated the effectiveness of a patient specific, risk-adapted training
(intervention group, IG) compared to routine care (control group, CG). For 54 ME
in ASM handling, an expert panel classified the clinical risk ranging from
Score-0 (no risk) to Score-6 (maximum risk) with the lowest risk actually
classified as Score-3.

Results We analyzed data from 83 parents in the CG and 85 in the IG who
administered 140 ASM per group. The intervention reduced ME per patient from 5
(median; Q25/Q75 3/9) to 4 (2/8; p=0.018). A total number of 589 ME occurred in
the CG, 432 in the IG. ME in ASM handling rated Score-6 occurred once in the CG
and not in the IG. A relative-risk-reduction (RRR) of ME (with p<0.001) was
observed, with a RRR of 55.0% for Score-5, 27.6% for Score-4, and 23.1% for
Score-3. RRR was 56.6% for ASM preparation (p<0.001) and 22.4% for oral
administration (p=0.045).

Conclusion Compared to controls, ME with high clinical risk significantly
decreased in the IG after the training. Drug safety in chronically ill children
with ASM was thereby improved.
A Combined “Vasculoplastic” Approach to the Vasculopathic Patient Undergoing Limb Salvage: Understanding the Role of Endovascular Revascularization for Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Li Karen R. , Rohrich Rachel N. , Lava Christian X. , Gupta Nisha J. , Hidalgo Cecelia M. , Episalla Nicole C. , Akbari Cameron M. , Evans Karen K.
Published: December 2024

Background Multidisciplinary care with vascular surgery and plastic surgery is essential for lower extremity free flap (LEFF) success in the chronic wound population with diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. There is a lack of understanding on performing targeted direct endovascular reperfusion on a vessel that will be used as the flap recipient. Our study compares outcomes of patients who received targeted revascularization (TR) to the recipient vessel for LEFF anastomosis versus nontargeted revascularization (NR) of arterial recipients prior to LEFF.

Methods LEFF patients who underwent preoperative endovascular revascularization (ER) from July 2011 to January 2023 were reviewed. Location of ER, demographics, perioperative details, and outcomes were collected. TR was performed on the same vessel as the flap recipient and NR was located on a different vessel than the flap recipient.

Results A total of 55 LEFF patients were identified. Overall, 50.91% (n = 28) received TR and 49.1% (n = 27) received NR. Average age was 60.3 ± 10.9 years and average Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5.3 ± 1.9. On preoperative angiogram, the TR group had significantly lower rates of ER above the knee (3.6 vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001). Immediate flap success rate was 98.2%, with no differences between groups (p = 1.000). No significant differences were found in rates of any postoperative flap complications (p = 0.898), takeback (p = 0.352), partial flap necrosis (p = 0.648), or dehiscence (p = 0.729). Both TR and NR groups had similar rates of a postoperative angiogram (42.9 vs. 48.2%, p = 0.694) and reintervention (35.7 vs. 40.7% p = 0.701). Amputation rates were similar between TR and NR (17.9 vs. 14.8%, p = 1.000).

Conclusion Close follow-up with vascular and plastic surgery is required for patients who undergo ER prior to LEFF, as nearly half of our cohort required additional endovascular procedures. Overall, we observed no significant differences in complication rates for the TR and NR groups, informing revascularization strategies for free tissue transfer in a highly comorbid chronic wound population.
Surgical Morbidity following Planned Hysterectomy versus Conservative Management for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Futterman Itamar D. , Gomes Cintia , Sher Olivia , Fisher Julia , McLaren Rodney A. , Haberman Shoshana , Chudnoff Scott
Published: December 2024

Objective In recent years, the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has fallen into two categories: planned hysterectomy and conservative management to preserve fertility. However, optimal management remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two to evaluate which approach was associated with lower surgical morbidity.

Study Design MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to July 31, 2023, for trials comparing conservative management versus planned hysterectomy. We included all prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized control studies that reported outcomes related to surgical morbidity in cases of PAS. Surgical morbidity was defined as rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)/coagulopathy, bladder injury, number of units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfused, estimated blood loss (EBL), and maternal mortality.

Results Odds ratios (ORs) were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a fixed or random effects model. Among 839 studies initially retrieved, 12 were included with a total of 1,167 patients. Of these, 669 (57.3%) underwent conservative management and 498 (42.7%) underwent a planned hysterectomy. Conservative management resulted in lower rates of ICU admission (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35), lower rates of bladder injury (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.48), lower incidence of DIC or coagulopathy (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.48), lower mean difference EBL (−1,292.81 mL; 95% CI: −1,922.16 to −593.46), as well as lower number of PRBC units transfused (−1.54 units; 95% CI: −2.29 to −0.78).

Conclusion Our findings suggest that conservative management of PAS may be associated with reduced surgical morbidity.

Key Points
Why Current Detection of Vascular Calcification Falls Short and How to Improve on It
Authors: Gentier Anouk , Aizaz Mueez , Halder Maurice , Florea Alexandru , Dijkgraaf Ingrid , Mottaghy Felix M. , Hackeng Tilman , Kooi M Eline
Published: December 2024

Vascular calcification is a common phenomenon in various vascular diseases, where its presence heralds increased occurrence of adverse disease events, which invariably lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Although the impact of calcification has become apparent, adequate and early detection of the most damaging form of early microcalcification is still in its infancy, preventing reliable identification of locations that would benefit from intervention. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art noninvasive calcification imaging and its persisting limitations. We discuss promising approaches that may address these limitations in the future. In this context particular attention will be paid to imaging modalities such as CT, PET, and ultrasonography and molecular and cellular mechanisms and agents involved in physiological bone formation.
Condromatose sinovial do ombro: Relato de dois casos
Authors: Vieira Daniel Ferreira Fernandes , Borsato Beatriz Begnini , Caramujo Luís Felipe Baldinu , Castello Paula de Andrade , Guerreiro João Paulo Fernandes
Published: December 2024

A condromatose sinovial é uma afecção benigna incomum de caráter progressivo que favorece a metaplasia sinovial com a produção de tecido cartilaginoso em forma de corpos livres, encontrados nas articulações. Em casos raros, pode afetar o interior da articulação do ombro e apresentar-se com dor, edema e prejuízo da mobilidade. O diagnóstico é desafiador, requerendo técnicas de imagem e muitas vezes confirmado apenas após o tratamento cirúrgico e exame anatomopatológico. Os autores relatam dois casos de pacientes com quadros clínicos semelhantes de dor, edema e perda de mobilidade na articulação do ombro. A investigação contou com exames de imagem como radiografias e ressonância magnética, além do exame anatomopatológico, que confirmou a hipótese diagnóstica. O tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico com sinovectomia e remoção dos corpos livres, seguido de reabilitação fisioterapêutica, resultou na melhora clínica de ambas as pacientes. Com esse relato, os autores ressaltam a importância da investigação na suspeita de condromatose sinovial, devido ao seu quadro clínico inespecífico. Comparando os resultados obtidos com os propostos na literatura, concluímos que o tratamento cirúrgico com sinovectomia e remoção de corpos livres, associado a fisioterapia, é eficaz, e que o seguimento ambulatorial a longo prazo é necessário para detecção de recidiva.
Successful Treatment of Primary Eyelid Lymphedema by Periorbital Lymphovenous Anastomosis: A Case Report
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Hyun Dong Yun , Park Eun Soo , Choi Chang Yong , Nam Seung Min
Published: December 2024

Eyelid lymphedema is a rare condition that presents as persistent swelling and non-pitting edema of the eyelids. Treatment options for this disease are limited, including surgical debulking and medications, which do not achieve complete resolution. Few studies have demonstrated the use of lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) in the preauricular area for eyelid lymphedema treatment. In this report, we demonstrate the successful treatment of primary eyelid lymphedema by performing multiple LVAs in the periorbital region, where dermal backflow was visualized using indocyanine green lymphography. A total of four LVAs were performed through two separate incisions at the lateral canthal area and lateral eyebrow in a patient with unilateral upper eyelid lymphedema that resulted in significant improvement without recurrence.
Assessing Pesticide Exposure and Regulatory Challenges in Malaysia: A Review of Population Monitoring, Food Residue, and Environmental Contamination
Authors: Waras Maisarah Nasution , How Vivien , Yahaya Noorfatimah , Shahrun Mohammad Shahid , Mohd Hijrah Nursyahidani Nadia , bin Sidek Ahmad Zulkhairul Naim , Amir Shah Ruddin Nurul Iffah , Abdul Rahaman Siti Rakiah
Published: December 2024

Pesticide applications do not always stay confined to their target. Human exposure to pesticides can lead to various health effects, such as cancer, reproductive toxicity, and neurodegenerative disorders. For that reason, stringent regulations govern pesticide registration and application before they enter the market. This objective of this article is to review studies conducted in Malaysia related to human biomonitoring and pesticide residue monitoring in the environment and food with the aim to explore the extent and pathway of pesticide exposure among the population, which indirectly allows us to examine the effectiveness of pesticide regulatory systems. Articles published from 2010 until 2024 from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar were explored. In Malaysia, biomonitoring of pesticide is conducted sporadically by independent researchers and does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the population's exposure through various routes of exposures. Additionally, the effectiveness of environmental regulatory measures remains unclear because of lack of monitoring data available publicly for interpretation. Moreover, dietary exposure assessments of pesticide residues in food are conducted randomly in Malaysia. This approach contrasts with other countries where the Total Diet Studies comprehensively evaluate the entire population's exposure to pesticide residues through dietary pathways. In summary, there is a need for a more comprehensive and systematic study of Malaysia's pesticide regulatory system specifically through biological, environmental, and food monitoring. Understanding the effectiveness of current regulations in controlling pesticide exposure is vital not only for public health but also for overall environmental well-being of the nation.
Sharp Recanalization of the Hepatic Vein Using a Chiba Needle in Budd–Chiari Syndrome
Authors: Patel Ranjan Kumar , Tripathy Taraprasad , Behera Srikant , Mohapatra Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Aditi
Published: December 2024

Hepatic vein recanalization in Budd–Chiari syndrome may require procedural modification if the endovascular approach fails. Sharp recanalization using the stiff end of a guidewire or a thin Chiba needle remains an effective technique in difficult-to-cross hepatic vein stricture. Of note, this technique requires utmost precaution to avoid catastrophic hemorrhage. The present case describes the successful recanalization of the middle hepatic vein using a 21-gauge Chiba needle through the percutaneous transhepatic route.
EGFR Mutation in Neonatal Nephrocutaneous Syndrome: Unveiling a Genetic Challenge
Authors: Lopes Manuela S. , Martins Cátia , Ferraz Ana , Rosmaninho-Salgado Joana , Castelo Rui , Tiago Joaquim , Ramos Leonor
Published: December 2024

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that exhibits tyrosine kinase signaling activity, playing a pivotal role in various cellular processes. Overexpression or overactivity of EGFR is significantly associated with inflammatory and malignant diseases, particularly lung cancer. Conversely, germline loss-of-function mutations in EGFR have been distinctly linked to a rare condition known as neonatal nephrocutaneous syndrome. We report a case of a preterm female neonate, born to consanguineous parents and from a pregnancy that was complicated by polyhydramnios. From birth, she displayed distinctive clinical features, including fragile skin and widespread erythema, sparse scalp hair, bilateral ankyloblepharon, thick eyebrows, and arachnodactyly. Subsequently, she developed progeroid features marked by skin desquamation, along with failure to thrive, diarrhea, and severe electrolyte and acid–base imbalances. Additional complications comprised anemia, generalized mucocutaneous candidiasis, external otitis, and recurrent septic episodes. Genetic analysis confirmed a homozygous EGFR mutation c.1283G > A p.(Gly428Asp). The infant's neurological status remained stable, albeit requiring pain management through oral morphine and gabapentin. Palliative care became imperative, given the dismal prognosis. The identified mutation is exceedingly rare, with only 24 reported cases known thus far. Each of these instances resulted in a complex multisystemic condition marked by a wide range of challenging symptoms and signs. This clinical journey highlights the intricate interplay among genetic mutations and complex medical conditions, and underscores the critical significance of multidisciplinary care.
Comorbidity of Cerebral Palsy and Bipolar Disorder in Two Adolescents: Case Series
Authors: Nas Ünver Ayda Beril , Onat Merve , Çöp Esra
Published: December 2024

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common condition in children that affects movement and posture due to nonprogressive disruptions during cerebral development. Patients with CP are at a higher risk of developing mental health disorders due to social and physical factors. In total, 28 to 57% of children diagnosed with CP exhibit psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms. The symptoms of intellectual disability and related behavioral disorders that are often associated with CP can be easily confused with the symptoms of a mood disorder. Therefore, there is a possibility of a delay in the diagnostic procedure and the commencement of treatment, which could potentially endanger the mental health of the adolescent and result in long-term complications. By shedding light on diagnosis, treatment, and the follow-up process, this case series, which includes two adolescents with bipolar disorder and CP comorbidity, aims to contribute to the limited literature.
A Rare Case of Recurrent Disturbed Consciousness with Alternating Hemiplegia Associated with 46,XX,der(18)t(12;18)(p11.2;p11.2)
Authors: Kawamura Aoi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Ito Tatsuhito , Kyono Yuki , Samejima Tomohiro , Oikawa Shizuka , Tokumoto Shoichi , Nozu Kandai , Nagase Hiroaki
Published: December 2024

Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 12 (trisomy 12p) is a rare chromosomal abnormality causing dysmorphic features, congenital anomalies, intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and seizures. Detailed information regarding the types of seizures is scarce owing to the low incidence of seizures. In contrast, 18p deletions and seizures are rare. Previous reports on trisomy 12p or monosomy 18p are limited, and little is known about epilepsy in children with trisomy 12p or monosomy 18p. Here, we report a case of 46,XX,der(18)t(12;18)(p11.2;p11.2) with repeatedly disturbed consciousness accompanied by alternating hemiplegia, corresponding to the electroencephalogram findings. G-banding of the parents showed balanced translocation of the mother. The last hospitalization occurred when the patient was 12 years old and presented with disturbed consciousness and left-sided hemiplegia. Electroencephalogram showed continuous 1 to 2 Hz slow waves in the right hemisphere and a theta burst in the left hemisphere. Based on the genes on chromosomes 12 and 18, the symptoms seemed to be related to partial trisomy 12p. Our case suggests the possibility of a novel seizure phenotype associated with trisomy 12p.
Effect of a diffusing layer of impurities on the electrical conductivity of thin metallic plates
Authors: Kolesnichenko Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

A new method for measuring the coefficient of diffusion D of impurities in metals with the help of size effects in the electrical conductivity of thin samples is proposed. The dependence of the conductivity of single-crystalline plates on the orientation and magnitude of the magnetic field H (including the case H = 0) in the presence of a diffusing layer of impurities at one of the surfaces is studied theoretically. It is shown that the change in the conducting properties of the sample after diffusive annealing enables determining the coefficient D with high accuracy. The effect of the truncation of the electron trajectories in the impurity layer on the form and position of the lines of transverse focusing is analyzed.
Thermoelectric phenomena and spectroscopy of the electron–phonon interaction in metallic point contacts
Authors: Bogachek É. N. , Kulik I. O. , Shkorbatov A. G.
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear thermoelectric phenomena in metallic point contacts are investigated taking into account the electron–phonon and electron–impurity scattering. A fundamentally new method for measuring the absolute value of the entrainment thermo-emf of conductors with the help of point contacts in a wide temperature range is discussed. The effect of thermoelectric phenomena on point-contact spectroscopy is analyzed. It is found that the features of the phonon density of states appear in the curve of d2Q/dV2—the second derivative of the heat flux with respect to the voltage.
Superconducting properties of the layer compound RexNb1–xSe2
Authors: Obolenskiĩ M. A. , Sik Zo En , Beletskiĩ V. V. , Chashka Kh. B. , Gvozdikov V. M.
Published: December 2024

The rhenium concentration (x) dependence of the superconducting transition temperature and of the anisotropy of the upper critical field has been studied experimentally for the layer compound RexNb1−xSe2 (0≤ x ≤0.5). It was shown that the observed positive curvature of the temperature dependence of the upper critical field, parallel to the layers, can be related to the difference in the orbital effect parallel and perpendicular to the crystal layers.
Relaxation of the energy density in a linear Ising system at low temperatures
Authors: Berim G. O. , Kamalov R. G.
Published: December 2024

Using a microscopic approach we have studied the relaxation of homogenous fluctuations in the energy density in Ising spin chains with S = 1/2 and S = 1. It is shown that the nature of the relaxation as T→0 depends significantly on the spin magnitude and on the spin–lattice interaction.
The politics of the textbook, revisited
Authors: Wilson Tina E
Published: December 2024

Social work evolves over time as political states, social movements, and helping professions renegotiate definitions of a good or adequate life and how it can be achieved. This article uses a conjunctural analysis approach to consider the changing role of social work in Canada. A comparative qualitative content analysis of commonly assigned introductory textbooks was conducted, focusing on the overall historical narrative and scope of practice, as well as evolving justice topics. The findings indicate significant shifts from an earlier focus on state protection from capitalism to more detailed, equity-focused quality of life frameworks. Additionally, three significant pressures on broader justice perspectives were identified: (1) the ongoing reworking of and engagement with lived experience, (2) the unique status of Indigenous peoples, and (3) emerging attention to the natural environment. The study also considers contradictions within and among these domains. Further research into the changing scope of social work and the meaning of pivotal keywords like social progress and social justice in specific state contexts is recommended.
Standing at the crossroads: Child safeguarding and Deaf BSL parents (in England)—Issues and challenges in social work
Authors: Oram Rosemary , Young Alys , Cartney Patricia
Published: December 2024

Focussing on Deaf parents using British Sign Language (BSL) in England, this article shares perspectives of Child and Family social work practitioners (CFSWs) across a large urban area, through the lens of cultural competence. In an under-researched field, it explores linguistic and cultural aspects of working with Deaf parents, for whom English is not their first language, in the specific context of parenting assessments in child safeguarding procedures. Individual semi-structured online interviews were conducted by the researcher (in BSL) with seven CFSWs using English, involving a sign language interpreter. Participants were encouraged to reflect on the assessment process when it involves Deaf parents and/or other cultural-linguistic minority groups. Employing Braun and Clarke’s reflective thematic analysis method, the findings are grouped into three themes: CFSWs’ knowledge of working with Deaf people; cultural aspects relating to Deaf parents’ understanding of safeguarding/child protection proceedings; and meeting the communication and cultural needs of Deaf parents. The results identify several factors in current practice which impact CFSWs’ competence to carry out an assessment involving a Deaf BSL parent. Findings highlight the need for relevant training and resources developed specifically for this cultural minority group. Future research including the direct perspectives of Deaf parents is indicated.
Slx5/Slx8 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase deficiency shortens lifespan due to increased mutation accumulation in yeast
Authors: Thomas Pınar B , Kaluç Nur , Çavlı Irmak N , Tuna Bilge G
Published: December 2024

Chronological lifespan (CLS) in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is defined as the time nondividing cells in saturation remain viable, has been utilized as a model to study post-mitotic aging in mammalian cells. CLS is closely related to entry into and maintenance of a quiescent state. Many rearrangements that direct the quiescent state enhance the ability of cells to endure several types of stress. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) play a critical role in mediating an adaptive response to various stresses. In this study, we investigated the effect of a STUbL, Slx5/Slx8, on CLS in budding yeast. We showed that both SLX5 and SLX8 deletions accelerate chronological aging, resulting in a decreased maximum and mean lifespan. slx5Δ cells were capable of entering or maintaining a quiescent state during aging. On the other hand, aging slx5Δ and slx8Δ cells had both increased spontaneous mutation accumulation. Our data together indicate that Slx5/Slx8 STUbL is required for normal rate of aging by preventing increased spontaneous mutation accumulation during aging.
Uncovering novel therapeutic clues for hypercoagulable active ulcerative colitis: novel findings from old data
Authors: Yu Zhexuan , Zhao Danya , Zhang Yusen , Shen Kezhan , Shao Shisi , Chen Xiaobo , Shu Jianlong , Li Guanhua
Published: December 2024

Background

Hypercoagulability has been shown to act as an important component of ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis and disease activity, and is strongly correlated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aimed at providing novel therapeutic clues for hypercoagulable active UC.

Methods

The coagulation score model was developed using VTE cohorts, and the predictive performance of this model was evaluated by coagulation subtypes of UC patients, which were clustered by the unsupervised method. Subsequently, the response of UC of distinct coagulation types, as identified by the coagulation scoring model, to different biological agents was evaluated. Immunoinflammatory cells and molecules that were associated with hypercoagulable active UC were explored by employing gene set variation analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, univariate logistic regression analysis, and immunohistochemistry.

Results

A coagulation scoring model was established, which includes five key coagulation factors (ARHGAP35, CD46, BTK, C1QB, and F2R), and accurately distinguished the coagulation subtypes of UC. When comparing anti-TNF-α agents with other biological agents after determining the model, especially golimumab, it showed more effective treatment for hypercoagulable active UC. CXCL8 has been identified as playing an important role in the tightly interconnected network between the immune-inflammatory system and coagulation system in UC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of CXCL8, BTK, C1QB, and F2R was upregulated in active UC.

Conclusions

Anti-TNF-α agents have significant therapeutic effects on hypercoagulable active UC, and the strong association between CXCL8, hypercoagulation, and disease activity provides a novel therapeutic insight into hypercoagulable active UC.
Young Adult Caregivers for Older Family Members: Setting a New Research Agenda
Authors: Fingerman Karen L , Zhou Zexi , Haley William E , Zarit Steven H
Published: December 2024

Young adults (approximately aged 18 to 29) are frequently involved in caring for older relatives, potentially filling gaps and playing key roles in the network of caregivers. The time is ripe to synthesize the emerging literature on this topic and propose an agenda for future research. This paper identifies key questions for research that will propel the field forward, including: a) Why young adult caregiving warrants distinct consideration from caregiving in midlife or later life, b) Young adult caregivers’ position in the caregiving network and tasks they perform, c) Factors that help determine who becomes a caregiver at this stage of life and who does not, with attention to race/ethnicity, and beliefs about family interdependency. We then address appraisals of caregiving stress and rewards, and potential factors that may buffer the negative impact of caregiving at this stage of life. We extend this discussion to the detriments and benefits of caregiving for well-being. We consider longer-term enduring positive and negative consequences of caregiving at this potentially transformative stage of adulthood. Throughout this paper, we review many of the founding studies and scholars who have laid the groundwork in this emerging field and point out the components of existing models of caregiving that particularly apply to young adult caregivers. We conclude with suggestions for potential policies and programs to allow for young adults to engage in caregiving while also pursuing the roles and activities that align with their values and set them up for a successful adulthood.
The Effect of Wing-Flashing Behavior on Prey Capture Performance of San Clemente Loggerhead Shrikes
Authors: Mora Y A , Sheldon S , Carrero J , Farabaugh S M , Sustaita D
Published: December 2024

Synopsis

Loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) are medium-sized predatory songbirds that feed on arthropods and vertebrates. Prior to attacking their prey, shrikes have been observed performing “wing-flashing” behavior, consisting of rapid fluttering of the wings that seems to emphasize the white patches on their dorsal surfaces. We sought to quantify this behavior by analyzing videos of San Clemente loggerhead shrikes attacking insect and vertebrate prey, to understand whether and how wing-flashing affects prey capture performance. We measured predictors of wing-flashing behavior, wing-flashing kinematics, and prey capture performance in terms of the number of strikes required to kill prey, prey strike durations, prey escape distances, and prey survival probabilities. Juveniles were more likely to perform wing-flashing behavior than adults, and lizards elicited wing-flashing more than mice and crickets. Adult males tended to flash their wings faster than juvenile males, and although wing-flashing rates were similar between ages for females and across prey types (∼15 Hz), shrikes flashed their wings for longer durations toward lizards. Wing-flashing was generally associated with fewer strikes to kill prey and resulted in longer prey strike durations for adult shrikes, longer prey escape distances, and lower prey survival probabilities for male shrikes. Our results suggest that wing-flashing behavior of loggerhead shrikes enhances their prey capture performance, possibly by stimulating prey to move—and not to move, depending on prey type—making them more vulnerable to predatory strikes.
Myxobacteria from soil can substantially reduce the bacterial load in a wound infection model
Authors: Arakal Benita S , Rowlands Richard S , Maddocks Sarah E , Whitworth David E , James Philip E , Livingstone Paul G
Published: December 2024

Aims

Myxobacteria are non-pathogenic, saprophytic, soil-dwelling predatory bacteria known for their antimicrobial potential. Many pathogenic bacteria form biofilms to protect themselves from antimicrobial agents and the immune system. This study has investigated the predatory activities of myxobacteria against pathogenic bacteria in biofilms.

Methods and results

A total of 50 soil samples were collected in and around Cardiff, South Wales (UK). Using a baiting method with 6 prey organisms, 32 myxobacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, of which 18 were Myxococcus spp. and 14 were Corallococcus spp. Predation assays, biofilm inhibition and disruption assays, and a dynamic, polymicrobial wound biofilm model were used with live myxobacteria to assess efficacy of predation. Good activity in predation assays was observed against Escherichia coli, while Enterococcus faecalis was more recalcitrant to myxobacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter freundii were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in both biofilm inhibition and disruption assays compared to other pathogens. Considerable reductions (>3 log10 CFU) in the wound infection model were seen after 96 h of incubation, particularly for C. freundii and E. coli.

Conclusion

Using live predatory bacteria as an alternative therapeutic agent has received attention in the recent past to combat the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Myxobacteria isolated from soil using multiple prey organisms yielded diverse isolates, including strains which exhibited therapeutically promising activities in a variety of infection/biofilm assays.
Individuals with heterogenous trabecular bone texture by clinical magnetic resonance imaging have lower bone strength and stiffness by quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis
Authors: Dash Alexander S , Breighner Ryan , Gonzalez Fernando Quevedo , Blumberg Olivia , Koff Matthew F , Billings Emma , Heilbronner Alison , Nieves Jeri , Stein Emily M
Published: December 2024

Opportunistic screening is essential to improve the identification of individuals with osteoporosis. Our group has utilized image texture features to assess bone quality using clinical MRIs. We have previously demonstrated that greater heterogeneity of MRI texture related to history of fragility fractures, lower bone density, and worse microarchitecture. The present study investigated relationships between MRI-based texture features and biomechanical properties of bone using CT-based finite element analyses (FEAs). We hypothesized that individuals with greater texture heterogeneity would have lower stiffness and failure load. Thirty individuals included in this prospective study had CT and MRI of L1 and L2 vertebrae. Using T1-weighted MR images, a gray-level co-occurrence matrix was generated to characterize the distribution and spatial organization of voxelar signal intensities to derive the following texture features: contrast (variability), entropy (disorder), angular second moment (ASM; uniformity), and inverse difference moment (IDM; homogeneity). Features were calculated in five directions relative to the image plane. Whole-bone stiffness and failure load were calculated from phantom-calibrated lumbar QCT. Mean age of subjects was 59 ± 11 yr (57% female). Individuals with lower vertebral stiffness had greater texture heterogeneity; specifically, higher contrast (r = −0.54, p < .01), higher entropy (r = −0.52, p < .01), lower IDM (r = 0.54, p < .01) and lower ASM (r = 0.51, p < .01). Lower vertebral failure load and lower vBMD were similarly associated with greater texture heterogeneity. Relationships were unchanged when using the average of texture in all directions or the vertical direction in isolation. In summary, individuals with more heterogeneous MRI-based trabecular texture had lower stiffness and failure load by FEA, and lower vBMD by central quantitative CT. These results—the first relating MRI-based texture features and biomechanical properties of bone—provide further support that MRI-based texture measurements can be used to opportunistically detect skeletal fragility.
Newborn screening for hypophosphatasia: development of a high-throughput tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity assay using dried blood spots
Authors: Noda Yusuke , Kido Jun , Sawada Takaaki , Tanaka Kenichi , Kumeda Kousuke , Yoshida Shinichiro , Sugawara Keishin , Nakamura Kimitoshi
Published: December 2024

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) caused by pathogenic variants of the ALPL gene (MIM 171760). The clinical manifestations of HPP vary, ranging from a lethal perinatal-onset type to a moderate late-onset type presenting with nonspecific symptoms, such as arthropathy and musculoskeletal pain. HPP is characterized by low TNAP activity and defective bone mineralization, leading to bone deformity and skeletal abnormalities. Moreover, this disease can cause systemic complications, such as muscle weakness, seizures, pain, and respiratory failure, leading to premature death in infants. This study aimed to evaluate whether measuring TNAP activity in dried blood spots (DBSs) can identify patients with HPP. We developed an assay to assess TNAP activity using DBSs and screened 45 632 newborns born between February 2019 and March 2022 in Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan for HPP. We detected a single heterozygous variant of the ALPL gene in 5 newborns. During the clinical course follow-up, one newborn presented with HPP-related clinical manifestations. This is the first study on newborn screening (NBS) for HPP worldwide. NBS for HPP using DBSs may be practical and beneficial, as it is a high-throughput method. Moreover, the DBSs used for the TNAP assay are the same as those used for public-funded NBS worldwide. In the future, this system may be implemented as standard NBS for HPP.
Decoding Cattle (Bos taurus) Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) Gene Families: A Pathway to Functional Understanding
Authors: Esfahani Effat Nasre , Ansari Mahyari Saeid , Davoodi Peymaneh , Ghaderi-Zefrehei Mostafa , Lesch Bluma J
Published: December 2024

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) are key enzymes in fat storage, converting diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA into triacylglycerol. In cattle (Bos taurus), the DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes are well-known for their significant influence on milk production traits, particularly milk fat yield and percentage. However, the cattle genome contains twelve other DGAT gene family members that remain largely uncharacterized. The research examined the genetic makeup of these DGAT proteins, revealing differences in exon count, isoforms, amino acid composition, molecular weight, isoelectric points, and predicted SNP locations. The genes are distributed across five chromosomes (2, 14, 15, 25, and X), and the expansion of this gene family in cattle is likely the result of gene duplication events, driven by specific motifs that favor such duplication. By identifying these distinctions, the study provides foundational insights into the lesser-known DGAT genes, which could be involved in regulating important traits like milk fat production. This comprehensive in silico analysis of the DGAT gene family offers valuable insights into the genetic and structural diversity of these enzymes in cattle. It also establishes a platform for future research into functional SNPs and their potential role in improving milk fat production traits, contributing to the advancement of cattle genetics and dairy production optimization. To this end, the identification of previously uncharacterized DGAT genes and their possible involvement in milk fat synthesis could pave the way for innovative breeding strategies focused on improving both milk yield and fat content in dairy cattle.
Application of nanomedicines in tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Zirui , Wan Dandan , Luo Min , Wei Xiawei
Published: December 2024

Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a formidable strategy, demonstrating substantial achievements in the field of cancer treatment. Despite its remarkable success, intrinsic limitations such as insufficient targeting capabilities, side effects, and resistance to immunotherapy hinder its efficacy. To address these challenges, the utilization of nanomedicines in tumor immunotherapy has been broadly explored, capitalizing on their advantages of targeting delivery capability, loading capacity, modifiability, and biocompatibility. Through rational design approaches, nanomedicines are engineered to meet diverse delivery requirements and synergize with different regimens to maximize therapeutic efficacy while alleviating side effects. This review initially discusses the challenges associated with tumor immunotherapy and underscores the pivotal role played by nanomedicines in overcoming these obstacles. Subsequently, representative types of nanoparticles are systematically introduced based on their structural properties, advantages, potential limitations, and future research directions. Special emphasis is placed on recent advancements in a range of nanomedicines designed for specific tumor immunotherapy strategies. Finally, the clinical applications as well as prospects of nanomedicines are discussed.