bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Проблеми кримінально-правової кваліфікації правопорушень обігу небезпечних хімічних речовин на території України
Authors: Проданчук М.Г. , Бантишев О.Ф. , Величко М.В. , Кравчук О.П. , Салагор І.М. , Максимчук І.М.
Published: November 2020

Мета. Зробити системний аналіз складу злочинів України, що передбачають відповідальність за контрабанду отруйних речовин (ст. 201 КК України) та за незаконне виробництво, виготовлення, придбання, перевезення, пересилання, зберігання з метою збуту або збут отруйних чи сильнодіючих речовин, або отруйних чи сильнодіючих лікарських засобів (ст. 321 КК України). Надати пропозиції щодо приведення законодавства України відносно переліку отруйних речовин, їхнього виробництва, зберігання, транспортування, використання, захоронення, знищення та утилізації у відповідності до законодавства ЄС.

Матеріали і методи. Підґрунтям дослідження є міжнародне та вітчизняне законодавство, наукові публікації, матеріали науково-практичних конференцій тощо. У роботі використано наступні методи: діалектичний, системного аналізу внутрішньої побудови системи кримінально-правових норм, формально-логічного визначення, моделювання, аналогії, логічний та формально-юридичний.

Результати та обговорення. У статті досліджено питання про кримінальну відповідальність за суспільно небезпечні дії, пов’язані з отруйними речовинами. Здійснено їх стислий юридичний аналіз. Зосереджено увагу на необхідності приведення законодавства України у відповідність до вимог законодавства Європейського Союзу. Зазначено, що в ЄС у законодавчих та підзаконних актах відсутній термін «отруйні речовини», а вживається термін небезпечна речовина.

Висновки. Необхідно розробити гармонізований до вимог ЄС проект нормативного документа замість відміненої Постанови КМУ №440, що стосується порядку поводження з вказаними речовинами.

Ключові слова: кримінальний кодекс, отруйна речовина, небезпечна речовина, нормативний документ, контрабанда.
Establishment of the national bank of the generofund of biodiversity of Ukraine – an important element of the system of biological safety and biological protection of the state: aspects of management and economy
Authors: Prodanchuk M.G. , Velychko M.V. , Honcharuk Ya.M.
Published: November 2020

Aim of the Research. To investigate the feasibility of a national bank gene pool of the state biodiversity establishing as a separate element of the system of biosafety and biosecurity in the context of countering threats to the biological nature of Ukraine's national security.

Materials and Methods. International and domestic legislation, scientific publications, materials of scientific and practical conferences on the conservation of the biodiversity gene pool — the development of these documents and articles became the basis of the study.

The following methods were used: hermeneutic for the analysis of cited scientific works, the given legislative acts, explanation of concepts and terms concerning genetic resources of biodiversity; systematic analysis of funding sources in the creation of a bank for the conservation of the biodiversity gene pool as an element of biosafety and biosecurity in the national security system of Ukraine and the system of public management methods for biodiversity conservation, as well as logical and formal economic methods.

Results and Discussion. The article examines the expediency of creating a national bank of the gene pool of biodiversity of the state as a separate element of the biosafety system and biosecurity in the context of counteracting biological threats to the national security of Ukraine.

It is noted that the establishment of the National Bank of the Biodiversity Gene Fund of Ukraine will allow effective safe and economic management of genetic resources of biodiversity both domestically and internationally in accordance with the Nagoya Protocol to regulate access to genetic resources and share benefits, including financial.

The main innovative tools for preserving the biodiversity of the state are considered. Possibilities of introduction of innovative tools of biodiversity conservation and implementation of the best foreign experience in Ukraine are investigated.

Conclusions. It is advisable to create National Bank of the State Biodiversity Gene Fund as a separate element of the biosafety and biosecurity system in the context of counteracting biological threats to the national security of Ukraine. It is proposed to legislate its creation by including it in the draft Law of Ukraine “On biosafety and biosecurity”.

Key Words: national biota gene pool bank, biodiversity, biological threats, bio-risks, biological security, biological protection, public administration, financing.
Water-soluble vitamins: their physiological significance, role in life of humans and their content in the nutrition of the population suffered as a result of Chernobyl accident
Authors: Matasar I.T. , Petryschenko L.M. , Chernyshov A.V.
Published: November 2020

Aim of the Research. Generalization of information about the properties and history of discovery of water-soluble vitamins, their up-to-date classification, sources of their intake and daily consumption by people of different ages and for people affected by the Chernobyl accident and living in environmentally hazardous areas.

The article describes the results and data of long-term studies of the actual consumption of water-soluble vitamins by the population living in radioactively contaminated areas as a result of the Chernobyl accident.

Materials and Methods. The presented data of the academic literature on the history of discovery of vitamins reveal their main characteristics and significance for the functioning of the human body. The information about physiological needs and the main sources of vitamins intake are presented.

Conclusions. The article is relevant for family doctors, hygienists, nutritiologists, nutritionists and others as a scientific information material on the prevention and correction of vitamin deficiency.

Key Words: water-soluble vitamins, vitamin deficiency, daily intake of vitamins, population of environmentally fragile regions, Chernobyl accident.
Bacterial Ocular Surveillance System (BOSS) Sydney, Australia 2017-2018
Authors: Watson Stephanie L , Gatus Barrie J , Cabrera-Aguas Maria , Armstrong Benjamin H , George C R Robert , Khoo Pauline , Lahra Monica M
Published: November 2020

This study investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles from a cohort of patients with bacterial keratitis treated at Sydney Eye Hospital, 1 January 2017 – 31 December 2018. These AMR profiles were analysed in the context of the current Australian empiric regimens for topical therapy: ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin monotherapy versus combination therapy of cefalotin/cephazolin plus gentamicin. At our Centre, combinations of (i) chloramphenicol plus gentamicin and (ii) chloramphenicol plus ciprofloxacin are alternatively used, so were also analysed.
Three hundred and seventy-four isolates were cultured prospectively: 280/374 (75%) were gram positive, and 94/374 (25%) were gram negative. Coagulase-negative staphylococci comprised 173/374 (46%). Isolates included Staphylococcus aureus (n = 43/374) 11%; Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 14/374) 3.7%; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 50/374) 13%.
Statistical comparison was performed. There was no significant difference between cover provided either of the current Australian recommendations: ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin vs cefalotin/cephazolin plus gentamicin (5.3% vs 4.8%, respectively; p = 0.655). However, the combination of chloramphenicol plus an anti-pseudomonal agent (ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin or gentamicin) had significantly improved cover.
Chloramphenicol plus gentamicin was superior to ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin (1.9% vs 5.3% resistance respectively; p = 0.007), and cefalotin/cephazolin plus gentamicin (1.9% vs 4.8%; p = 0.005). Chloramphenicol plus ciprofloxacin was superior to ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin monotherapy (1.3% vs 5.3%; p ≤ 0.001), and to cefalotin/cephazolin plus gentamicin (1.3% vs 4.8%; p = 0.003). Chloramphenicol plus gentamicin versus chloramphenicol plus ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin were equivalent (p = 0.48).
There was no demonstrated in vitro superiority of either the current empiric antibiotic regimens. For our setting, for bacterial keratitis, chloramphenicol in combination offered superior in vitro cover. Broadened surveillance for ocular AMR is urgently needed across jurisdictions.
Alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida como marcador de resposta inflamatória durante o tratamento antituberculose
Authors: Ueno Priscilla Yukari , Aguiar Amanda Aparecida Silva de , Sousa Ana Carolina Querino de , Silva Izabelly Geraldes , Húngaro Christiane Martinez , Peresi-Lordelo Eliana
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a AGA como marcador de resposta inflamatória em pacientes com tuberculose (TB) durante o tratamento anti-TB e sua associação com parâmetros clínicos e radiológicos da doença. Para tanto, foram avaliados pacientes com TB (n=35), conforme o tempo de tratamento anti-TB: T1 (1 e 2 meses de tratamento) (n=16); T2 (3 e 4 meses de tratamento) (n=10); T3 (5 e 6 meses de tratamento) (n=11). Para avaliar o potencial da AGA como marcador, a PCR foi dosada como parâmetro de comparação, dosadas pela técnica de turbidimetria. Os dados clínicos e radiológicos forma obtidos dos prontuários. A avaliação da AGA apresentou a média de valores dentro da faixa de referência. O grupo T1 apresentou níveis significativamente mais elevados, quando comparados com pacientes do grupo T2 (p=0,006), sem diferença em relação ao grupo T3. Também não houve diferença entre os grupos T2 e T3. Os níveis de PCR em T1 foram bem acima do valor de referência, fato não observado nos outros tempos de tratamento antituberculose (T2 e T3). Houve diferença entre T1 e T2 (p=0,01), sem nenhuma outra associação significativa demonstrada. Foi observada correlação positiva entre a PCR e a AGA em T1 (ρ=0,8653), T2 (ρ=0,6691) e T3 (ρ=0,9282). Não houve associação entre os parâmetros clínico e radiológicos e os valores de AGA e PCR. Concluímos que a AGA é um bom marcador de monitoramento do prognóstico de evolução conforme o tempo de tratamento antituberculose, podendo ser utilizado na rotina dos pacientes com TB.
Cuidados destinados a pessoas com problema relacionado ao uso abusivo de álcool: um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Barbosa Iolanda de Souza Francisco , Mendonça Conceição de Fátima de Sousa , Silva Roni Robson da , Silva Leandro Andrade , Silva Maria Virginia Godoy da , Neves Milena Preissler das , Souza Marcus Vinicius Lessa de , Alencar Ícaro Ferracini de , Fontes Tatiana Vasconcellos , Ignácio Lígia Paula , Oliveira João Vitor Emidio , Souza Maria das Graças Gazel de , Paulino Eva de Fatima Rodrigues , Araujo Michael Silva , Souza Daniele Augusto Correa
Published: November 2020

O uso de substâncias psicoativas, principalmente o álcool, têm sido uma constante na vida do ser humano. Objetivo: Neste artigo, o objetivo foi compreender a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira sobre os cuidados destinados a pessoas com problemas relacionados ao uso abusivo do álcool. Método: Utilizou-se o método de revisão integrativa de literatura, considerando suas seis etapas. Resultado: Acessando as bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), período entre março e agosto de 2019, foram selecionados 12 artigos. Conclusão: O uso do álcool marca a relação entre os seres humanos, estando presente em diferentes contextos, com objetivos e motivações em diversas formas.
Aptidão climática do milho em São Bento do Una - PE como suporte alimentar a avicultura
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Rolim Neto Fernando Cartaxo , Araújo Wagner Rodolfo de , Saboya Luciano Marcelo Falle , Holanda Romildo Morant de , França Manoel Vieira de
Published: November 2020

São Bento do Una - PE é o maior produtor de ovos do nordeste e o quarto do Brasil, segundo informações da Associação Avícola de Pernambuco. Na base da ração avícola temos o milho e a soja, grãos que têm apresentado alta de preço, impactando diretamente no custo de produção. Visando sua autossuficiência na produção de milho, o avicultor poderia tentar produzir este componente, para tanto é imprescindível o conhecimento do clima regional, para tomada de decisão de plantio e do adequado manejo a ser aplicada a cultura. Em razão disso, objetivou-se determinar a aptidão e o zoneamento climático para milho, identificando seu potencial produtivo em São Bento do Una (PE), como suporte alimentar a avicultura. Os dados pluviais e térmicos correspondem aos anos de 1920 a 2019, foram obtidos da Agencia Pernambucana de Água e Clima. Utilizaram-se os critérios de classificação de aptidão propostos pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agrícola, para classificar a área estudada. São Bento do Una tem aptidão moderada para o plantio do milho. São Bento do Una registra aptidão moderada para o plantio do milho. Como o Iv foi de 36 e há DEF na maior parte do ano, o plantio irrigado deve ser incentivado, bem como o uso de cultivares precoces, visando aproveitar o período de chuvas, tornando obrigatória a irrigação da cultura, sendo uma estratégia de diminuição de risco de produção para o milho.
Uso de Wearable em pacientes com lombalgia
Authors: Bonfim Rafael Victor Ferreira do , Cabral Thayanne Kelle de Sousa , Lima Rayane Portela de , Gomes Bruno da Silva , Rocha Gabriel Mauriz de Moura , Assis Lívia , Almeida Vilson Rosa
Published: November 2020

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento para lombalgia utilizando sensores de movimento, por meio da análise do nível de dor, verificação de Amplitude De Movimento (ADM) da coluna, e grau de incapacidade física no pré e pós tratamento. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação pré e pós tratamento por meio da Escala Verbal Numérica para mensurar nível de dor, estabilometria para avaliação da estabilidade, questionário de Roland-Morris de Incapacidade para nível de funcionalidade e goniometria para mensuração de Amplitude de Movimento. No tratamento foram realizadas uma sessão por dia, durante 10 dias consecutivos, com duração de 30 minutos cada sessão. Os resultados demonstram que houve diminuição do nível de dor nos pacientes (P=0,0008). Além disso, nível de funcionalidade também diminuiu significativamente (P = 0,001) e discreto aumento dos valores goniométricos. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o uso de Wearable em pacientes com lombalgia se mostra eficaz no tratamento da enfermidade, possibilitando alivio da dor, aumento da amplitude de movimento e melhora da capacidade funcional dos pacientes.
A Model for Strategic Analysis in Wood Treatment Companies
Authors: Mannarelli Filho Téucle
Published: November 2020

Agribusiness is related to the economic vocation of Brazil due to climate, soil, water abundance, favorable relief, and the high insolation index with luminosity throughout the year. The productive chains in this segment represent approximately 30% of the gross domestic product, which makes Brazil the largest producer and exporter of different products of animal and plant origin. Forestry with planted forests makes Brazil the world’s largest producer and one of the main exporters of pulp, being Mato Grosso do Sul State a major producer with the highest growth of planted eucalyptus forests in the last 10 years. Academic studies available in the literature related to economic and managerial aspects do not cover more specifically small and medium rural properties that have been dedicated to forestry, especially to wood treatment and its strategic aspects. This study aims to propose a model for the analysis of strategic positioning in wood treatment companies. Methodologically, it is a non-probabilistic and intentional for convenience, exploratory and qualitative single case study. Interviews, visits to the company, and consultation of management and accounting documents were used as an instrument of data collection. Techniques already consolidated in the literature and market, such as Pestel analysis, Porter’s five forces, and SWOT analysis were used for conducting the strategic positioning analysis. The analysis results, however, are presented by means of a complete mapping of strategic positioning of the studied company and its strategies for the differentiation of its products and the effort to consolidate brand in an agricultural commodity. Study limitations are related to the difficulty of using it in other companies of the same business segment since it is a single case, but this fact does not invalidate the academic contributions. In this sense, new research lines are presented as the possibility of mapping brand consolidation in a forestry commodity and using forest residues from wood harvesting.
Síndrome de Burnout: estresse e o trabalho do enfermeiro intensivista
Authors: Silva Felipe Matos da , Ramalho Dhaniel Lemos de Oliveira , Cunha Rafael Alves da , Lopes Graciana de Sousa
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: analisar os estressores relacionados à síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros intensivistas. Método: Esse trabalho trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com abordagem qualitativa, elaborado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico, utilizando livros e artigos científicos.  Foram utilizadas as bibliotecas virtuais de pesquisa na coleta de dados: Biblioteca Científica Eletrônica Online (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados: é evidenciado na literatura que o enfermeiro da UTI tem mais proximidade ao estresse laboral, além de ter o sono prejudicado pelo excesso de carga de trabalho, o que acaba sendo um fator relevante quando falamos de qualidade do serviço prestado e saúde do trabalhador, e  desta forma é o mais acometido pela Síndrome de Burnout. Conclusão: Referente à síndrome de burnout, constata-se a importância dos cuidados com o trabalhador para que não adoeça e se camufle com os problemas relacionados ao desgaste mental, pois sabemos como é exaustiva a atividade do enfermeiro intensivista, assim como é importante a execução correta das condutas inerentes ao seu desenvolvimento laboral.
Percepção de mulheres quilombolas acerca da assistência pré-natal
Authors: Pereira Alessandra Neves , Macedo Darlyane Antunes , Fernandes Elionara Teixeira Boa Sorte , Carvalho Bárbara Teixeira , Marques Gabriela Cardoso Moreira , Ferreira Ricardo Bruno Santos
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: compreender a percepção de mulheres quilombolas sobre a assistência pré-natal recebida durante o período gestacional. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo, realizado no mês de setembro de 2017 em uma comunidade rural de remanescentes quilombolas, localizada em um munícipio do Nordeste do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa todas as mulheres que estiveram grávidas entre 2014 e julho de 2017. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: evidenciou-se que as mulheres quilombolas compreendem o acompanhamento pré-natal como um importante recurso para minimizar os agravos na gestação, tanto para a mãe quanto para o recém-nascido. Nesse contexto, notou-se que o profissional de enfermagem tem papel fundamental na assistência ao pré-natal e sua atuação envolve o cuidado técnico, construção de vínculo, apoio, confiança e acolhimento. Ademais, constatou-se que, apesar da melhora no acesso às consultas com a implantação de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família, ainda há dificuldade com relação à realização de exames de rotina solicitados, uma vez que todas dependem exclusivamente do sistema público de saúde. Conclusão: Há necessidade de fortalecimento da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra e da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, com vistas a garantir maior acesso aos serviços e reduzir as iniqüidades em saúde, uma vez que se trata de um grupo em situação de dupla vulnerabilidade, tanto por ser mulher quanto por ser negra.
Near miss Neonatal: revisão integrativa
Authors: Modes Priscilla Shirley Siniak dos Anjos , Gaíva Maria Aparecida Munhoz
Published: November 2020

Investigar nas publicações científicas as evidências sobre a utilização/aplicação do near miss neonatal. Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/EBSCO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS); Science Direct (ELSEVIER) e a biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Eletronic Librery Online (SCIELO), no período de 1998 a 2018, utilizando descritores para a busca de dados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. A amostra foi composta por 20 artigos, com predominância da língua inglesa, estudos prospectivos e realizados em países em desenvolvimento. O conceito e os critérios para classificação do near miss neonatal ainda se encontram em construção, porém avanços em sua utilização têm sido descritos. Apesar de não haver consenso na utilização do near miss neonatal, ele é considerado uma ferramenta auspisciosa para monitorizar e evitar o “acidente/quase morte” no período neonatal e possibilizar a avaliação da qualidade da assistência.
Synergy in mixed Nothofagus spp. plantations: the effect of deciduous/evergreen neighbourhood on tree growth in the Chilean Andes
Authors: Ojeda-González Patricio , Donoso Pablo J. , Erlwein Alfredo
Published: November 2020

Background: The genus Nothofagus is a key component of the Valdivian temperate rainforests of South America, and several of its species have shown promising growth in plantations. Plantations with these species are an opportunity to diversify the Chilean forest sector, ideally through mixed-species arrangements, but the existing literature in this regard is scarce. This work aimed to evaluate individual tree growth for three Nothofagus species in a mixed plantation, considering two types of neighbourhoods. Methods: In a mid-elevation site in the foothills of the Andes ranges we evaluated growth of Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. & Endl.) Oerst, Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst according to their neighbourhood, comprised of evergreen or deciduous tree species. We conducted stem analyses for 30 trees (10 per species, one-half with each type of neighbourhood; 370 cross-sections in total) and compared growth in diameter (d), height (h), and volume (v) for each of the 30 trees with nine nonlinear mixed-effects models. Results: Nothofagus alpina showed significantly greater cumulative growth in all variables when growing in an evergreen neighbourhood (EN) compared with a deciduous neigbourhood (DN): average diameter (± 1SD) of 15.3 ± 1.4 vs. 10.8 ± 2.0 cm; average height (± 1SD) of 15.5 ± 1.8 vs. 13.2 ±1.0 m; average volume (± 1SD) of 0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.06 ± 0.02 m3. Nothofagus dombeyi showed similar cumulative growth in both conditions for all variables, but there was less variability and greater cumulative volume in the evergreen neighbourhood condition. Finally, Nothofagus obliqua showed similar cumulative growth in both conditions, for average diameter (± 1SD) (14.7 ± 2.0 cm) and average volume (± 1SD) (0.01 ± 0.03 m3), but the average height (± 1SD) was significantly greater in the EN compared to DN (13.8 ± 0.8 vs. 11.2 ± 0.9 m). Conclusions: A suitable arrangement of mixed Nothofagus species plantations may deliver greater growth and productivity than pure plantations, or at least greater timber value considering that one species (N. dombeyi) usually surpasses the others in growth, but its timber is less valuable and its silviculture more costly. In these mixtures both facilitation and complementarity mechanisms occur, which was mostly expressed in the mid-tolerant N. alpina surrounded by the evergreen neighbourhood dominated by the shade-intolerant N. dombeyi. Our results provide new information relevant for the establishment of mixed plantations for production or restoration purposes. Both in Chile and Argentina, these three Nothofagus species cover extensive areas within the Valdivian Temperate Rainforests, so there is a great potential for these plantations in this or other regions with similar site conditions.
Large-scale space use of large juvenile and adult smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata: implications for management
Authors: Graham J , Kroetz AM , Poulakis GR , Scharer RM , Carlson JK , Lowerre-Barbieri S , Morley D , Reyier EA , Grubbs RD
Published: November 2020

The smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata is an endangered species endemic to the Atlantic Ocean. The only known viable populations occur in the USA along both coasts of Florida and in the western Bahamas. Little is known about habitat use and movement ecology of large juvenile and adult smalltooth sawfish. Although Critical Habitat—a management designation in the USA—has been identified for small juveniles, it has yet to be identified for these life stages. Between May 2016 and April 2019, we used passive acoustic telemetry and 3 large data sharing networks of receivers to track movements of 43 large juvenile and adult smalltooth sawfish. During this study, 24 females and 19 males were implanted with transmitters with estimated 4 or 10 yr battery lives. These tagged individuals were detected off the southeastern USA on 461 receivers ranging from off the coast of Brunswick, Georgia, to the lower Florida Keys, and along the Gulf coast to Apalachee Bay, Florida. Seasonal migrations were undertaken by 58% (43% mature; 57% immature) of the tagged individuals, with the remainder being apparent residents of their tagging locations. Tagged sawfish from both size classes and of both sexes migrated, which indicates that neither sex nor length is a predictor of whether a sawfish will migrate or not. Although both coasts of Florida were used for migration, most individuals consistently used the same coast when they migrated. The areas surrounding Boca Grande, Cape Canaveral, and the lower Florida Keys were heavily visited sites that could be further evaluated as potential Critical Habitat for these life stages. Understanding the movement patterns of this Critically Endangered species is essential for creating policies to protect areas important for promoting growth of the population.
A new blue whale song-type described for the Arabian Sea and Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Cerchio S , Willson A , Leroy EC , Muirhead C , Al Harthi S , Baldwin R , Cholewiak D , Collins T , Minton G , Rasoloarijao T , Rogers TL , Sarrouf Willson M
Published: November 2020

Blue whalesBalaenoptera musculusin the Indian Ocean (IO) are currently thought to represent 2 or 3 subspecies (B. m. intermedia, B. m. brevicauda,B. m. indica), and believed to be structured into 4 populations, each with a diagnostic song-type. Here we describe a previously unreported song-type that implies the probable existence of a population that has been undetected or conflated with another population. The novel song-type was recorded off Oman in the northern IO/Arabian Sea, off the western Chagos Archipelago in the equatorial central IO, and off Madagascar in the southwestern IO. As this is the only blue whale song that has been identified in the western Arabian Sea, we label it the ‘Northwest Indian Ocean’ song-type to distinguish it from other regional song-types. Spatiotemporal variation suggested a distribution west of 70°E, with potential affinity for the northern IO/Arabian Sea, and only minor presence in the southwestern IO. Timing of presence off Oman suggested that intensive illegal Soviet whaling that took 1294 blue whales in the 1960s likely targeted this population, as opposed to the more widely distributed ‘Sri Lanka’ acoustic population as previously assumed. Based upon geographic distribution and potential aseasonal reproduction found in the Soviet catch data, we suggest that if there is a northern IO subspecies (B. m. indica), it is likely this population. Moreover, the potentially restricted range, intensive historic whaling, and the fact that the song-type has been previously undetected, suggests a small population that is in critical need of status assessment and conservation action.
Three competitors in three dimensions: photogrammetry reveals rapid overgrowth of coral during multispecies competition with sponges and algae
Authors: Olinger LK , Chaves-Fonnegra A , Enochs IC , Brandt ME
Published: November 2020

Competition for limited space is an important driver of benthic community structure on coral reefs. Studies of coral-algae and coral-sponge interactions often show competitive dominance of algae and sponges over corals, but little is known about the outcomes when these groups compete in a multispecies context. Multispecies competition is increasingly common on Caribbean coral reefs as environmental degradation drives loss of reef-building corals and proliferation of alternative organisms such as algae and sponges. New methods are needed to understand multispecies competition, whose outcomes can differ widely from pairwise competition and range from coexistence to exclusion. In this study, we used 3D photogrammetry and image analyses to compare pairwise and multispecies competition on reefs in the US Virgin Islands. Sponges (Desmapsamma anchorata, Aplysina cauliformis) and macroalgae (Lobophora variegata) were attached to coral (Porites astreoides) and arranged to simulate multispecies (coral-sponge-algae) and pairwise (coral-sponge, coral-algae) competition. Photogrammetric 3D models were produced to measure surface area change of coral and sponges, and photographs were analyzed to measure sponge-coral, algae-coral, and algae-sponge overgrowth. Coral lost more surface area and was overgrown more rapidly by the spongeD. anchoratain multispecies treatments, when the sponge was also in contact with algae. Algae contact may confer a competitive advantage to the spongeD. anchorata,but not toA. cauliformis, underscoring the species-specificity of these interactions. This first application of photogrammetry to study competition showed meaningful losses of living coral that, combined with significant overgrowths by competitors detected from image analyses, exposed a novel outcome of multispecies competition.
Strong migratory connectivity across meta-populations of sympatric North Atlantic seabirds
Authors: Merkel B , Descamps S , Yoccoz NG , Grémillet D , Fauchald P , Danielsen J , Daunt F , Erikstad KE , Ezhov AV , Harris MP , Gavrilo M , Lorentsen SH , Reiertsen TK , Systad GH , Lindberg Thórarinsson T , Wanless S , Strøm H
Published: November 2020

Identifying drivers of population trends in migratory species is difficult, as they can face many stressors while moving through different areas and environments during the annual cycle. To understand the potential of migrants to adjust to perturbations, it is critical to study the connection of different areas used by different populations during the annual cycle (i.e. migratory connectivity). Using a large-scale tracking data set of 662 individual seabirds from 2 sympatric auk meta-populations (common guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich’s guillemots U. lomvia) breeding in 12 colonies throughout the Northeast Atlantic, we estimated migratory connectivity in seasonal space use as well as occupied environmental niches. We found strong migratory connectivity, within and between species. This was apparent through a combination of seasonal space use and occupied environmental niches. Brünnich’s guillemot populations grouped into 2 and common guillemot populations into 5 previously undescribed spatiotemporal clusters. Common guillemot populations clustered in accordance with the variable population trends exhibited by the species, while Brünnich’s guillemot populations are declining everywhere where known within the study area. Individuals from different breeding populations in both species were clustered in their space and environmental use, utilising only a fraction of the potential species-wide range. Further, space use varied among seasons, emphasising the variable constraints faced by both species during the different stages of their annual cycle. Our study highlights that considering spatiotemporal dynamics, not only in space but also in occupied environmental niches, improves our understanding of migratory connectivity and thus population vulnerability in the context of global change.
Biogeophysical influence of large-scale bathymetric habitat types on mesophotic and upper bathyal demersal fish assemblages: a Hawaiian case study
Authors: Leitner AB , Friedrich T , Kelley CD , Travis S , Partridge D , Powell B , Drazen JC
Published: November 2020

Seamounts, pinnacles, and crests are abrupt seafloor features that modify physical processes and ecological patterns. Fishers often target these local bathymetric highs, which can have high catch-per-unit-effort. Increases in the abundance of target species has been qualitatively noted around these features and promontories, however, a quantitative evaluation of local highs as preferred habitat for fishes is still lacking. Here, we used an extensive database of fish abundances (N = 2381) from mesophotic and upper bathyal depths (40-300 m) gathered over 8 yr around the Main Hawaiian Islands to evaluate the effects of macro-scale habitat categorized by combining bathymetric position index (BPI) and slope. A numerical model simulating physical ocean processes was used to test the hypothesis that local highs, herein called crests, are distinct and preferred habitat for many species due to their modified flow conditions. We show that crests host a unique, diverse fish assemblage with double the abundance relative to other habitats. Therefore, fishes are concentrated at crests rather than being uniformly distributed along the island shelf at preferred depths. These habitats are characterized by enhanced current amplitudes and convergence zones. Direct correlations between fish abundance, convergence, and current amplitude strongly suggest that flow-enhanced food availability is likely the driver of habitat-related changes in fish assemblage. These results have important implications for conservation and management. We identify a simple and informative method to classify habitat, quantitatively link bathymetry-induced flow alterations to fish abundances, and provide information for refining definitions of essential fish habitat for species that are important commercial targets worldwide.
Akdeniz Ekolojik Şartlarındaki Kahramanmaraş’ta Farklı Olgunlaşma Dönemlerinde Biçmenin Bazı Fiğ (Vicia sp.) Türlerinin I. Ot Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: USLU Ömer Süha , OVA Muhsin
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırma, farklı olgunlaşma dönemlerinde biçilen bazı fiğ (Vicia sp.) türlerinin verim ve ot kalitelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma 2017-2018 yetiştirme sezonunda Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırma materyali olarak fiğ (Vicia sp.) türü (yaygın fiğ-Zemheri 08, macar fiği-Kansur ve tüylü fiğ-Selçuklu 2002) kullanılmıştır. Denemede 4 farklı gelişme döneminde (çiçeklenme başlangıcı, %50 çiçeklenme, tam çiçeklenme ve bakla olum dönemi) hasat edilen fiğin verimi ve ot kalitesi incelenerek en uygun hasat zamanının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, en yüksek kuru ot verimi 887.47 kg/da ile Selçuklu 2002, ham protein oranı %21 ile Kansur, ham protein verimi 162.6 kg/da ile Selçuklu 2002, ham kül oranı %15.79 ile Zemheri 08, NDF oranı %57 ile Kansur, ADF oranı %39 ile Selçuklu 2002 ve nispi yem değeri (NYD) 145.10 ile Zemheri 08 çeşitlerinden elde edilmiştir. Akdeniz ekolojik şartlarındaki Kahramanmaraş’ta nispi yem değeri açısından ele alındığında en uygun fiğ türünün Zemheri 08 çeşidi (yaygın fiğ) olduğu ve çiçeklenme başlangıcında biçilmesinin uygun olacağı belirlenmiştir.
Long Non-coding RNA H19 Regulates Porcine Satellite Cell Differentiation Through miR-140-5p/SOX4 and DBN1
Authors: Li Jingxuan , Su Tao , Zou Cheng , Luo Wenzhe , Shi Gaoli , Chen Lin , Fang Chengchi , Li Changchun
Published: November 2020

TheH19gene promotes skeletal muscle differentiation in mice, but the regulatory models and mechanisms of myogenesis regulated byH19are largely unknown in pigs. Therefore, the regulatory modes ofH19in the differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (PSCs) need to be determined. We observed thatH19gene silencing could decrease the expressions of the myogenin (MYOG) gene, myogenic differentiation (MYOD), and myosin heavy chain (MYHC) in PSCs. Therefore, we constructed and sequenced 12 cDNA libraries of PSCs after knockdown ofH19at two differentiation time points to analyze the transcriptome differences. A total of 11,419 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, we found through bioinformatics analysis and protein interaction experiment that SRY-box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) and Drebrin 1 (DBN1) were the key genes inH19-regulated PSC differentiation. Functional analysis shows thatSOX4andDBN1promote PSC differentiation. Mechanistically,H19regulates PSC differentiation through two different pathways. On the one hand,H19functions as a molecular sponge ofmiR-140-5p, which inhibits the differentiation of PSCs, thereby modulating the derepression ofSOX4. On the other hand,H19regulates PSC differentiation through directly binding with DBN1. Furthermore,MYODbinds to the promoters ofH19andDBN1. The knockdown ofMYODinhibits the expression ofH19andDBN1. We determined the function ofH19and provided a molecular model to elucidateH19’s role in regulating PSC differentiation.
Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of SnO2-TiO2 and ZnO-TiO2 Tandem Structures Toward Indoor Air Decontamination
Authors: Enesca Alexandru
Published: November 2020

ZnO-TiO2 and SnO2-TiO2 tandem structures were developed using the doctor blade technique. It was found that by employing organic hydrophilic and hydrophobic as additives into the precursor it is possible to tailor the film density and morphology with direct consequences on the photocatalytic activity of the tandem structures. The highest photocatalytic efficiency corresponds to ZnO-TiO2 and can reach 74.04% photocatalytic efficiency toward acetaldehyde when a hydrophilic additive is used and 70.93% when a hydrophobic additive is employed. The snO2-TiO2 tandem structure presents lower photocatalytic properties (61.35 % when the hydrophilic additive is used) with a constant rate reaction of 0.07771 min−1.
Preparation of Electrochemical Sensor Based on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Determination of AA, DA, and UA
Authors: Pan Yuanzhi , Zuo Junli , Hou Zhongyu , Huang Yizhong , Huang Cancan
Published: November 2020

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction have been used for characterizing the synthesized ZnO NPs. An electrochemical sensor was fabricated using ZnO NPs–modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). The proposed electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent detection performance toward three analytes, demonstrating that it can potentially be applied in clinical applications. The results indicated the ZnO NPs–modified electrode can detect AA in the concentrations range between 50 and 1,000 μM. The ZnO NPs–modified electrode can detect DA in the concentrations range between 2 and 150 μM. The ZnO NPs–modified electrode can detect UA in the concentrations range between 0.2 and 150 μM. The limits of detections of AA, DA, and UA using ZnO NPs–modified electrode were calculated to be 18.4, 0.75, and 0.11 μM, respectively.
Key Limitations and New Insights Into the Toxoplasma gondii Parasite Stage Switching for Future Vaccine Development in Human, Livestock, and Cats
Authors: Mévélec Marie-Noëlle , Lakhrif Zineb , Dimier-Poisson Isabelle
Published: November 2020

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease affecting human, livestock and cat. Prophylactic strategies would be ideal to prevent infection. In a One Health vaccination approach, the objectives would be the prevention of congenital disease in both women and livestock, prevention/reduction ofT. gondiitissue cysts in food-producing animals; and oocyst shedding in cats. Over the last few years, an explosion of strategies for vaccine development, especially due to the development of genetic-engineering technologies has emerged. The field of vaccinology has been exploring safer vaccines by the generation of recombinant immunogenic proteins, naked DNA vaccines, and viral/bacterial recombinants vectors. These strategies based on single- or few antigens, are less efficacious than recombinant live-attenuated, mostly tachyzoiteT. gondiivaccine candidates. Reflections on the development of an anti-Toxoplasmavaccine must focus not only on the appropriate route of administration, capable of inducing efficient immune response, but also on the choice of the antigen (s) of interest and the associated delivery systems. To answer these questions, the choice of the animal model is essential. If mice helped in understanding the protection mechanisms, the data obtained cannot be directly transposed to humans, livestock and cats. Moreover, effectiveness vaccines should elicit strong and protective humoral and cellular immune responses at both local and systemic levels against the different stages of the parasite. Finally, challenge protocols should use the oral route, major natural route of infection, either by feeding tissue cysts or oocysts from differentT. gondiistrains. EffectiveToxoplasmavaccines depend on our understanding of the (1) protective host immune response duringT. gondiiinvasion and infection in the different hosts, (2) manipulation and modulation of host immune response to ensure survival of the parasites able to evade and subvert host immunity, (3) molecular mechanisms that define specific stage development. This review presents an overview of the key limitations for the development of an effective vaccine and highlights the contributions made by recent studies on the mechanisms behind stage switching to offer interesting perspectives for vaccine development.
Identification of Uncommon Cryptosporidiumviatorum (a Novel Subtype XVcA2G1c) and Cryptosporidium andersoni as Well as Common Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and B in Humans in Myanmar
Authors: Wu Yanchen , Gong Baiyan , Liu Xiaohua , Jiang Yanyan , Cao Jianping , Yao Lan , Li He , Liu Aiqin , Shen Yujuan
Published: November 2020

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two important zoonotic intestinal protozoa responsible for diarrheal diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Feces from infected hosts, water and food contaminated by Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts as well as predictors such as poverty have been involved in their transmission. Myanmar is one of the world’s most impoverished countries. To date, there are few epidemiological studies of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in humans. To understand the prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in humans in Myanmar, a molecular epidemiological investigation of the two protozoa was conducted in four villages of Shan State. 172 fecal specimens were collected from Wa people (one each) and identified for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis by sequence analysis of their respective small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. 1.74% of investigated people were infected with Cryptosporidium spp.—C. andersoni (n = 2) and C. viatorum (n = 1) while 11.05% infected with G. duodenalis—assemblages A (n = 6) and B (n = 13). By sequence analysis of 60-kDa glycoprotein gene, the C. viatorum isolate belonged to a novel subtype XVcA2G1c. DNA preparations positive for G. duodenalis were further subtyped. Five of them were amplified and sequenced successfully: different assemblage B sequences (n = 2) at the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) locus; sub-assemblage AII sequence (n = 1) and identical assemblage B sequences (n = 2) at the β-giardin (bg) locus. This is the first molecular epidemiological study of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in humans in Myanmar at both genotype and subtype levels. Due to unclear transmission patterns and dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis, future research effort should focus on molecular epidemiological investigations of the two parasites in humans and animals living in close contact in the investigated areas, even in whole Myanmar. These data will aid in making efficient control strategies to intervene with and prevent occurrence of both diseases.
Active Tectonics in the Kvarner Region (External Dinarides, Croatia)—An Alternative Approach Based on Focused Geological Mapping, 3D Seismological, and Shallow Seismic Imaging Data
Authors: Korbar Tvrtko , Markušić Snježana , Hasan Ozren , Fuček Ladislav , Brunović Dea , Belić Nikola , Palenik Damir , Kastelic Vanja
Published: November 2020

Active tectonics in long-lived orogenic belts usually manifests on the preexisting inherited structures. In the Kvarner region of the External Dinarides, an area with low-to-moderate seismicity related to the Adriatic microplate (Adria) northward movement, we deal with faults in predominantly carbonate rocks within tectonically complex NW-SE striking fold-and-thrust belt, which makes the identification and parametrization of the active structures challenging. Moreover, anthropogenic modifications greatly complicate access to the surface geological and geomorphological data. This paper demonstrates results of focused multidisciplinary research, from surface geological mapping and offshore shallow seismic surveys to earthquake focal mechanisms, as an active fault identification and parametrization kit, with a final goal to produce an across-methodological integrated model of the identified features in the future. Reverse, normal, and strike-slip orogen-parallel (longitudinal) to transverse faults were identified during geological mapping, but there is no clear evidence of their mutual relations and possible recent activity. The focal mechanisms calculated from the instrumental record include weak-to-moderate earthquakes and show solutions for all faulting types in the upper crust, compatible with the NE-SW oriented principal stress direction, with the stronger events favoring reverse and strike-slip faulting. The 3D spatial and temporal distribution of recent earthquake hypocenters indicate their clustering along predominantly subvertical transversal and steeply NE-dipping longitudinal planes. High-resolution shallow seismic geoacoustical survey (subbottom profiler) of the Quaternary sediments in the Rijeka Bay revealed local tectonic deformations of the stratified Late Pleistocene deposits that, along with overlaying mass-transport deposits, could imply prehistorical strong earthquake effects. Neotectonic faults onshore are tentatively recognized as highly fractured zones characterized by enhanced weathering, but there is no evidence for its recent activity. Thus, it seems that the active faults are blind and situated below the thin-skinned and highly deformed early-orogenic tectonic cover of the Adria. A strain accumulating deeper in the crust is probably irregularly redistributed near the surface along the preexisting fault network formed during the earlier phases of the Dinaric orogenesis. The results indicate a need for further multidisciplinary research that will contribute to a better seismic hazard assessment in the densely populated region that is also covered by strategic infrastructure.