bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planting Time Treatments for Greenbug (Biotype E) Control on Grain Sorghum, 1985
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead, NE, in grain sorghum planted 24 May in Sharpsburg silty clay loam (Typic Argiudoll). The experimental design for this test was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Insecticides were applied as single-row treatments, 22 ft long and 30 inches between rows. In-furrow treatments were applied with the seed by using a seed cone mounted on a 1-row John Deere 71 Flexi-Planter. Banded treatments were applied by a V-belt applicator with a 4-inch spreader directed over the seed row. Incorporation was with a tine rake. Soil temperature at planting time was 74°F (2-inch depth). Rainfall from initial planting date to the last greenbug sampling date was measurable in inches 27 May (0.50), 29 May (0.40), 4 Jun (0.50), 11 Jun (0.70), 19 Jun (0.25), 21 Jun (0.25), 23 Jun (0.40), 26 Jun (0.80), 18 Jul (0.20), 19 Jul (2.35), and 24 Jul (0.50). The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on each of 6 plants selected at random from each row at weekly or semi-weekly intervals. Greenbug counts were continued until populations had a high number of parasitized mummies (29 Jul). Dead leaf counts were made 16 Sep by evaluating 10 plants selected at random in each replication for greenbug-caused necrosis.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1980
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

These experiments were conducted at the University of Nebraska, South Central Research and Extension Center Farm, Clay Center, NE. Experiment 1 was arranged in a split block design with 10 replications; Experiments 2, 3, and 4 were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were 4 rows (spaced 76-cm) 9.1 m long. The 2 center rows were used for insect counts and yield. In-furrow planting-time application of granules was made by directing the insecticide delivery tube from Noble metering devices into the planter shoe just behind the seed delivery tube. Banded planting-time application of granules was made by directing the granule delivery tube from Noble metering devices to in front of the planter press wheel through an 18-cm bander. Cultivation application of granules was made by directing the insecticide over the plants through the granule delivery tubes from Noble metering devices mounted on the cultivator. Foliar application of liquid insecticides was made with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a high-clearance ground sprayer. Drop nozzles were used so that plants received spray from the top and both sides
Greenbug and Corn Leaf Aphid Control, 1983
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

Two experiments were conducted at the University of Nebraska, South Central Research and Extension Center farm, Clay County, NE, both in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide (76-cm spacing), 9.1 m long. The 2 center rows were used for insect counts, head counts, and yield. In-furrow planting-time applications of granules were made by directing the insecticide delivery tube from Noble metering devices into the planter shoe just behind the seed delivery tube. Cultivation-time application of granules was made by directing the insecticide over the plants through granule delivery tubes from Noble metering devices mounted on a bicycle-wheeled plot applicator.
Control of Soybean Insects at Mississippi State, MS, 1985
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. , Goddard Jerome
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on the North Plant Science Farm at Mississippi State, MS. Test plots were 6 rows 40 inches wide and 50 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. One sample was taken from each plot. A sample consisted of the insects collected by 25 sweeps of a 15-inch sweep net. The contents of each sample were transferred to paper bags killed and counted under laboratory conditions. Insecticide applications were made on 21 Sep, at 5 gal/acre. At this time the soybeans were in the late pod fill stage and some leaves were senescing. Four rows of the plot were sprayed using a 4-row spray boom mounted on a Hi-Boy with 2 nozzles/row using CO2 as a spray propellent. This test received 0.63 and 0.12 inches of rainfall on 22 and 23 Sep respectively.
Control of Soybean Insects in South Mississippi Emphasizing Biological Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. , Goddard Jerome
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at Poplarville, MS. The test plots were 6 rows 40 inches wide and 50 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design One sample was taken from each plot. A sample was the insects collected by 25 sweeps of a 15 inch sweep net. The contents of each sample were transferred to paper bags, killed, and counted under laboratory conditions. Insect numbers presented here represent all sizes of green cloverworm larvae and three-cornered alfalfa hoppers nymphs and adults. Insecticide applications were made on 28 Aug at 5 gal/acre. At this time the soybeams were just starting to fill pods. Four rows of the plot were sprayed using a 4-row spray boom mounted on a Hi-Boy with CO2 as a propellent and 2 nozzles per row. Hurricane Elena passed through the Poplarville area on 2 Sep. Winds of nearly 100 mph were recorded and some defoliation and lodging of the beans was noted. The rainfall associated with the hurricane was slightly over 3 inches which is not abnormal for this area. The drop in green cloverworm numbers in the check was probably due to the high winds causing some mortality and lodging plants making sampling more difficult.
Soil-Applied Insecticide Trials for Seedcorn Maggot on Soybeans, 1985
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Ressler Elaine
Published: March 2022

Thirty-six plots were established near Wooster, OH. Plots measured 22.9 m by 2 rows (76-cm centers) with 2 buffer rows between plots. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The field had a rye cover crop that was disked into the soil on 29 Apr; the rye served as an attractant for female seedcorn maggots. Soybeans were planted on 30 Apr, with applications of insecticide at planting time either in-furrow or as 7-inch bands The exception was with Agrox seed treatment which was mixed with seed before planting. A 2-row planter was used with Gandy applicators. Soil type was a Wooster silt loam. Adult seedcorn maggot traps (0.9 m by 25 cm) which allowed for sampling of the positively phototactic adults were placed over soybean rows (2 traps per plot) on 14 May. Sampling of the adults continued until emergence ceased. Plant stands were measured in Jun, and yield data recorded in Oct.
Control of Stink Bugs and Other Soybean Insects, 1985
Authors: Layton Blake , Boethel David J.
Published: March 2022

Plots were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Iberville Parish LA. Each plot was 50 ft long by 8, 36-inch rows wide. On 20 Sep treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal of finished spray per acre at 30 psi. The soybeans were R6 at the time of application. Two 25-sweed samples were taken per plot at 3 and 7 days posttreatment by sweeping a single row with a 15-inch dia sweep net. On 22 Sep, 1.08 inches of rain fell on the plots.
Insect Control on Soybeans, 1985
Authors: Ratchford Kevin
Published: March 2022

Asgrow 5474 soybeans were planted 16 May on loessial silt loam soil at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Plots were 6 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft long and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 12 Sep with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with two X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Insect populations were sampled 16 Sep by making 25 sweeps/plot with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The center 2 rows were mechanically harvested 25 Sep. Yields were converted to bushels/acre at 13% moisture.
Banded Sunflower and Sunflower Moth Control, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ford J. Harlan
Published: March 2022

A range, 70 ft wide × 300 ft, of sunflower was planted for use in this trial at the Southwest Experiment Station, Redwood County, MN. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block and replicated 4 times. Plot size was 4 rows 35 ft in length. Plant populations were thinned to 24000 plants per acre. Soil moisture was excellent. Foliar sprays were broadcast on 3 Aug when 3 of 10 plants (30% bloom) had male florets extended. Temperature was 93°F with slight drizzle during application. Application was made using a hand held CO2 sprayer with 40 lb psi pressure. The wand nozzles were from 12 to 18 inches above the plant heads. Seed infestation was determined by smashing heads, commingling the total material and removing 2 cupsful of this uncleaned material. 100 florets and/or seeds were examined for banded sunflower moth larval feeding. Material was then threshed and clean seed weighed for yields.
Soil Systemic and Foliar Control of Stem Weevil, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Warnes Dennis
Published: March 2022

Plots were planted on the West Central Experiment Station at Morris, MN, on 21 May. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft long replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Excessive plant populations were established and then thinned to 20,000 plants per acre (note uniformity of stand in table). Soil insecticides were applied over the row at the cotyledon stage and lightly incorporated. Foliars were applied to all 4 rows on 5 Jul. Moisture was adequate for normal plant growth and apparently so for insecticide uptake. Stand counts at onset of bloom, weevil tunnels per 2 stem cross sections from 5 plants, broken plants and yields were recorded. The first row as used for stem dissection and the center 2 rows for the remaining values.
Aphid Control in Irrigated Spring Wheat, Washington, 1985
Authors: Pike Keith S.
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling grain aphids. Insecticides were applied 8 Jul to wheat (early dough stage of growth) grown on the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. Pretreatment count averaged 5.1 aphids/wheat head, 8 Jul. Treatments were supplied with a hand-held sprayer calibrated to deliver 43 gpa at 40 psi. Plots were 3 × 25 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present per 5 or 10 randomly selected heads from each plot at several posttreatment intervals.
Aphid Control on Late Planted Wheat Using Insecticides Injected Through Irrigation Hand Lines, 1985
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Johnston Richard L. , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

‘Twin’ wheat was planted on 26 Apr, at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center at Caldwell, ID, in a furrow irrigated field. Plots were 30-ft half circles centered on sprinkler heads applying ca. 3.47 gal water/minute. Injection time was 10 min with a clearing time of ca. 20 min from Rep 1 to Rep 3. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Aphids were allowed to infest and multiply naturally, then sampled by examining 20 tillers taken at random through the plot. Injection date was 10 Jul. Counts were made on 12 and 16 Jul. Yields were taken by cutting and weighing 200 heads/plot at harvest.
Control of Aphids in Chrysanthemums Grown for Cut Flowers, Summer, California, 1985
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Yoshida H. A. , Yost J. T. , Parrella M. P. , Pruitt D.
Published: March 2022

Ten benches (3 ft × 150 ft) of naturally infested chrysanthemums commercially grown for cut flowers, were utilized in this trial. Each bench was divided in half and alternate halves were treated. The remaining halves were left untreated and served as buffers between treatments. Prior to application, each half bench to be treated was divided into 5 sections & 5 stems were randomly selected per section. The total number of aphids from the growing terminal to the 4th fully expanded leaf was counted per stem. Each stem was marked and numbered. The materials and water were applied with a 200 gal Bean sprayer utilizing a hand wand & 4 Cornell nozzles at 300 psi 10 Jul (Temp = 28°C). Posttreatment counts of the marked stems were taken 2 and 7 days after treatment. Data were collected as percent survival per stem. Arcsin square root transformations were performed on the data prior to analysis by ANOVA. Tukey’s procedure was used to separate treatment means.
Apple, Apple Maggot Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R.
Published: March 2022

Treatments consisted of unreplicated 0.5 acre blocks. Treatments were applied by airblast sprayer. Sprays were applied on 19 Jun, 1 Jul, 11 Jul, 23 Jul, 6 Aug, 20 Aug and 4 Sep to all treatment except Dimilin + Nu-Lure. Dimilin + Nu-Lure received sprays on 19 Jun, 11 Jul, 1 Aug and 20 Aug. The treatments were evaluated by randomly picking 100 fruit from each of 4 trees in the center of each block, resulting in 400 apples per treatment being evaluated. The apples were then examined for AM damage and the results recorded. Nu-Lure is a liquid feeding attractant for AM.
Efficacy of Selected Microbial and Related Insecticides Against Fifth Instar Beet Armyworm Larvae, Summer, California, 1985
Authors: Yoshida H. A. , Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P.
Published: March 2022

The materials were applied to individual 4-wk-old chrysanthemum plants, cv. Hurricane, with a 1-gaI B&G sprayer at 60 psi 15 Aug. Five fifth-stage larvae were immediately placed on each plant and confined with an inverted, ventilated 1 qt plastic container. Mortality was assessed after 48 h and each surviving larva was placed individually on untreated commercial beet armyworm diet. Mortality was assessed every 48 h thereafter until all surviving larvae had pupated. To correct for differences in escaping larvae between treatments, the data were expressed as percent mortality for each replicate. Arcsin square root transformations were performed on the data prior to ANOVA.
Leafhopper and Planthopper Control with Carbaryl, 1985
Authors: Buntin G. David
Published: March 2022

Areas measuring 120 ft × 200 ft were located in an established stand near Plains, Ga. Ground and aerial applications of Sevin XLR were applied 2 times at the rate of 2 lb (AI)/acre. The first application was on 17 Sep and the second application was 2 weeks later. Grass was 5-7 inches tall at the second application. Ground treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with 8003 flat-fan nozzles which delivered 30 gal/acre. An airplane equipped with whirl jet nozzles applied aerial treatments at 10 gal of solution/acre. A third area was untreated. Insects were sampled 2 h and 3, 6, and 14 days after the second application. Four samples consisting of 10 pendulum sweeps/sample were taken in each area. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance using a completely randomized design.
Spring Control of White Grubs on a Golf Course at Syracuse, Ny, 1985
Authors: Baker P. B. , Villani M. G.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were applied to a fairway at Onondaga C.C. on 29 Apr for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (75%), annual bluegrass (20%), and broadleaf weeds (5%). The experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft × 10 ft. Thatch accumulation was ca. 0.5 inch compressed between the fingers. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Grandy 2G spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applications with 3 gal of water through a watering can. All liquid applications were made in two directions within each plot. At treatment time, the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature 62°F; soil temperature (1 inch, 52°F; (3 inch, 50°F; soil type, sandy loam; soil pH, 6.5; water pH, 6.7; soil moisture, 15.2%. Pretreatment was 12.1 grubs per sq. ft. Posttreatment counts were taken 30 days later (29 May) by cutting a 1 × 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter (2.25-inch depth) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were made in the field. Three samples were taken from each replicate, and mean surviving grubs determined per ft.
Apple, First Generation Timing of IGR’s for Codling Moth Control, 1985
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

Dimilin was applied at different degree day intervals after first moth was detected in pheromone traps to determine the best first cover timing of insect growth regulators (IGR) used for codling moth control. Dimilin was applied at 50 (6 May), 125 (16 May) and 200 (20 May) degree days after first moth. No second cover applications against the first generation were made in this test. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 single-tree replicates per treatment. This test was conducted in a 15-year-old apple orchard with under-tree irrigation. After first generation all fruit of each tree was examined and the number of injured apples recorded. Codling moth adult activity was monitored using pheromone traps. Traps were examined weekly and the number of moths recorded. Pheromones were changed every 4 wk, and trap bottoms were changed after an accumulation of 30 moths.
Efficacy of Two Carbamates Against Japanese Beetle Grubs, Massachusetts Golf Course, 1985
Authors: Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Two carbamates (2 formulations and 2 rates of each) were applied to a golf course fairway (Sharon, Mass.), maintained at ca. 2.5 inch. Each material was applied by hand shaking from a glass jar with a perforated lid (granular) or with 3 qt water in a watering can (liquids). All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All tests were repeated 5 times in a complete randomized block design. The test area received 0.5 inch irrigation (pH 7.2) immediately after application. All insecticides were applied 29 Apr and plots were sampled 17 Jun. Two 1-sq-ft sections of sod, ca. 4 inch deep, were removed from the center of each plot, inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge in Potted Nursery Stock, ft. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Wawrzynski Robert P.
Published: March 2022

Honeylocust ‘whips’, 6-ft tall, were transplanted into 10-gal nursery cans during May 1985. Plants were treated 21 Jun with insecticides applied as drenches made approximately 3-inch deep in the soil around the base of trees. Plants were watered immediately after treatment and at 2-3 day intervals afterwards One week after treatment all treated plants were moved into a nursery planting of honeylocusts infested by the generations III-IV of the honeylocust pod gall midge. Plants were arranged within the planting in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were evaluated 10 Jul and 29 Jul by counting all newly galled leaflets produced on the trees.
Bedding Plant Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, Spring, 1985
Authors: Robb K. L. , Ferrentino R. , Parrella M. P. , Wada R.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials on bedding plants, Los Angeles County, Calif., evaluated the effects of 1X, 2X, and 4X rates of Evisect 50SP, Dimilin 25WP, Zolone 3E, Broot 50WP (1X = 0.5 lb (AI)/100 gal) and Avid 0.15E (1X = 0.001 lb (AI)/100 gal). Two flats, each containing 9 pony paks of 6 plants, were evaluated per treatment for each species. The materials were applied to runoff with a 2.5 gpm piston pump portable sprayer with a hand wand outfitted with a 5003 Spraying Systems nozzle @ 150 psi on 20 Mar and 10 Apr 20-21°C and 25-27°C, respectively. Weekly phytotoxicity readings were compared to a water check for 2 wk after each application
Test for Plant Growth Responses Using Neem (Azadirachta indica) a. Juss)) Products as Foliar Sprays, 1984
Authors: Knodel J. J. , Larew H. G.
Published: March 2022

Foliar applications of crude neem seed extract and a formulation of neem, Margosan-O (Vikwood Ltd., Sheboygan, WI) were evaluated on chrysanthemums for plant growth responses. Chrysanthemums were grown as single stem disbuds in a commercial greenhouse located in Perry Hall, MD. Cuttings were planted on 10 Sep, disbudded on 26 Nov, and bloomed on 2 Jan. Plants were grown under a long day photoperiod from 10 Sep-23 Oct, and a short day photoperiod from 23 Oct-2 Jan. Plants were fertilized daily with a solution of 20N:20P:20K. Chrysanthemums were treated and sampled (4 plants/plot) biweekly, 6 times during the crop’s cycle. Each treatment plot (2.3 m × 1 m) consisted of 150 plants and plots were randomly arranged in a bed.
Phytotoxicity on Potted Chrysanthemums, Massachusetts Greenhouse, 1985
Authors: Mimms R. A. S. , Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Rooted cuttings were transplanted to 4-inch standard pots (100% sterilized field soil) 3 wk before insecticides were applied. All insecticides were applied 19 Jun with a 2-qt capacity hand pump sprayer to both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Four plants were treated with each material and then placed randomly on benches. Plants were observed ca weekly for 5 wk after application to observe and record any phytotoxic responses.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Wild Plum, 1985
Authors: Gladin Jodie , Criswell Jim , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard
Published: March 2022

Eastern tent caterpillar control was evaluated on wild plums in two separate tests between Apr 4 and Apr 11. Wild plums 3 to 6 ft tall located along a roadside outside of Stillwater, were utilized in randomized and replicated (4x) experiments. All treatments were foliar sprays and applied to the foliage and webbing with a Hardi RY-15 backpack sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were separated by a sufficient distance to avoid spray drift. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were 71°F, 1 to 3 mph and 73°F, 4 mph, respectively for test 1 and 2. The plants were infested with 20 to 350 larvae per web. Percent mortality was determined by clipping webs out of the tree and counting live and dead larvae. The amount of material applied to the 4 trees was 0.25 gal and 0.5 gal, respectively for test 1 and 2.
Activity of Demon 40wp Against Three Stored Products Pests, 1984
Authors: Bennett G. W. , Yonker J. W.
Published: March 2022

Evaluations were to determine the necessary exposure period, residual activity and relative effectiveness of 0.1% and 0.2% w/w concentrations of Demon 40WP. Diazinon 4E applied as a 0.5% w/w spray was also evaluated for comparative purposes. All treatments were applied to 929 cm2 tempered hardboard panels using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a 8001 nozzle. The tower was calibrated to deliver 1 gal of spray/1000 ft2 (3.79 ml/929 cm2) using 25 psi. Test insects were confined to the treated panels for the appropriate exposure period using a 7.6-cm diam stainless steel ring lightly greased with a petrolatum/mineral oil mixture.
Residual Activity of Aerosols Containing Two Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1984
Authors: Bennett G. W. , Yonker J. W.
Published: March 2022

Three aerosol combinations of Bay FCR 1272 and NAK 1654 were evaluated for residual activity on 4 surface (panel) types-unfinished particle board, finished particle board (1 coat each of sanding sealer and polyurethane varnish), no-wax vinyl title, and white pine board (1 coat each of latex primer and paint). The panels (232 cm2) were sprayed in still air using a modified CSMA spray chamber measuring 46 cm × 16 cm × 38 cm. The aerosol can rested on top of the chamber and spray was directed downward to panels positioned 46 cm below the can’s tip. Approximately 3 g of material were deposited on each panel. The insects were confined to the treated panel using 12.7-cm diam plastic rings, lightly greased with a petrolatum/mineral oil mixture. Three replicates of 10 male cockroaches were used per aerosol treatment. Food or water were not provided, and observations were made at 1, 24 and 48 h following the start of exposure. For comparison purposes, 3 registered household aerosol products were also evaluated.
Choice Testing of Insecticide Sprays and Baits for German Cockroach Control, 1981
Authors: Ross D. C. , Brady U. E.
Published: March 2022

RU-25474 synthetic pyrethroid and Dursban 4EC were tested for toxicity and repellency on painted and unpainted wood in choice box tests. The test box was similar to that described by Ebeling et al. (pp 157-190 in The Cockroach, Vol. II. 1967, P. B. Cornwell, Ed., Associated Business Programs, LTD, London, 557 pp.) but without side ventilation holes. Three ml of RU-25474 (0.01%), Dursban 4EC (0.5%), or control was spread evenly on the bottom surface in the dark side of choice boxes and allowed to air dry (1-3 h). Tests were initiated by placing 20 adults of mixed sex in the light side. CC-8158 (5% acephate) and Rotac (5% chlorpyriphos) were tested in choice feeding experiments to determine ingestion of baits and relative toxicity to cockroaches. Ten adult cockroaches were placed in each of 4 ice cream cups with an excess of either Rotac or CC-8158 and ground dogfood in separate watch glasses. Appropriate controls were included in each experiment. Knockdown (KD) was determined at selected intervals and data are presented as LT50 and LT90.
Oral Administration of a Levamisole—Famphur Paste for Cattle Grub Control, 1984-85
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. , Cilek J.
Published: March 2022

Twenty mixed breed yearling steers were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of varying rates of famphur in combination with levamisole paste for cattle grub control. The levamisole dosage was constant at 8 mg/kg. Warbex (famphur) Pour-on at 40 mg/kg was used as a treatment comparison. All treatments were applied 2 Nov, ‘84 and evaluation of efficacy was done in Mar and Apr, ‘85. All famphur-levamisole oral paste combinations were as effective as Warbex Pour-on.
Oral Administration of a Levamisole—Famphur Paste for Cattle Lice Control, 1984-85
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. , Cilek J.
Published: March 2022

Five mixed-breed cattle were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of varying rates of famphur in combination with levamisole paste for lice control. Levamisole dosage was constant at 8 mg/kg. Warbex (famphur) pour-on at 40 mg/kg was used as a treatment comparison. All treatments were applied 28 Feb. Pretreatment lice populations were quantified by making two 3-cm hair partings in 18 sites and counting the lice present. Sites checked included ears, eyes, muzzle, jaws, brisket, shoulders, backline, tailhead, and hips. The actual sucking and chewing lice numbers found were recorded. Posttreatment lice counts were at 2, 4, 7, 18, 23, 28, and 35 days.
Evaluation of Atroban Ear Tags for Control of Cattle Fly Pests in the Azores, 1984
Authors: Miller R. W. , Pickens L. G. , Matos J. E.
Published: March 2022

On 17 Aug the no. of horn, louse and Musca vitripennis flies were counted on each of 25 young (1-6 mo) dairy heifers tethered in a pasture so that they could not come in contact with one another. Immediately after the flies had been counted 10% Atroban ear tags were attached to each ear of every other animal (13 total). At ca. weekly intervals counts of these flies were made on the treated and non-treated heifers.
Evaluatoin of Actellic Against Poultry Litter Beetles in a High-Rise Poultry House, 1985
Authors: Burg J. G. , Collison C. H.
Published: March 2022

The 10.7 × 137.2 m pit of a high-rise poultry house was divided into two 10.7 × 61.0-m sections (treatment and control) separated by a 10.7 × 15.2-m buffer. The pit walls were 2.4 m high. On 14 Nov ‘84, 56.8 liters of Actellic 7E (0.5%) were applied to the walls and exposed floor of the treatment section at the rate of 0.05 lb (AI)/750 sq ft using a diaphragm pump (200 psi). Manure in the treatment section was then sprayed with the insecticide remaining in the tank covering ca 60% of the manure surface. On 19 Dec ‘84, 68.1 liters of Actellic 7E (0.75%) was applied to the manure surface of the treatment section at the rate of 0.06 lb (AIJ/750 sq ft. Beetles were sampled with “Arends tube traps” consisting of a 30.5 × 5.1 cm diam PVC pipe with a 43.2 × 22.9 cm piece of brooder guard rolled inside. Twenty tube traps were divided equally among manure, floor, wall and post positions within each section. Each week brooder guard rolls were removed from the tubes, placed into plastic bags and new brooder guard added to the tubes. Trap material was frozen for 48 h, after which the contents were identified and counted.
Movse-Cuterebra Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Drummond R. O.
Published: March 2022

White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebra fontinella Clark. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally with candidate insecticides usually formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks to prevent grooming, and their bodies are dipped into 80-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC (w/v) in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% dermally. Four days later, mice are killed and bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae usually found in the inguinal region. Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis conducted with corrected percent-kill data.
Sheep Ked Control with T-Bar Applications of Atroban, a Pour-On Application of Methoprene, and Ivomec Injectable, 1985
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Watson D. W.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sheep were mature ewes of mixed breeds that were naturally infested with sheep keds. Ked density was determined by a whole-body count of adult keds on all animals. Ewes were ranked according to ked density, then groups of similarly infested animals were randomly assigned to treatments. Animals were housed in separate 4.8 × 19.2-m pens of 10 animals each. Ked density was estimated immediately before treatment and 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after treatment. Fleece length was recorded at the time of the pretreatment ked count. Atroban was applied along the topline, from the withers to midback, with a “Wipe-Out T-Bar Applicator” manufactured by N. J. Phillips Pty. Ltd., New Zealand. Methoprene was applied from a calibrated syringe to a single spot in the withers area. Ivomec was administered subcutaneously in the right shoulder. Atroban was applied at 5 and 10 ml per animal on 19 Jun. Each dose was applied to 2 pens of sheep. Methoprene was applied to one pen of sheep 3 Jul, and Ivomec was applied to one pen on 27 Jun.
Efficacy of Guardian 10% Swine Ear Tags for Control of Hog Lice, 1985
Authors: Saluta Michael A. , Roberts James E.
Published: March 2022

Guardian 10% swine ear tags were evaluated for hog lice control when applied to brood sows and gilts in Page Co, VA. The following treatment groups were established on 3 Mar: A) untreated control, consisting of 6 mixed breed gilts; each gilt received 2 Allflex identification tags; B) Guardian 10% ear tags, attached to the inside of ears (one per ear), consisting of 12 mixed breed gilts; C) Guardian 10% ear tags, attached to the outside of ears (one per ear), consisting of 7 mixed breed sows. Six animals from each group were individually identified and used for evaluation. Each group was confined separately in pens in a breeding and gestation barn. However, each group had access to a common self-feeder, which they used on a rotational basis. Each group was allowed to feed for a 24-h period, and then return to their holding pen for a 48-h period. An alternate untreated control group (D), consisting of 8 mixed-breed sows with Allflex identification tags, was established in the same location on 2 May. This group, of which 6 were used for evaluation, had no access to the self-feeder. This alternate control group was established because there was a concern that the original control animals were subject to contamination with insecticide from the treated animals through the rotational use of the self-feeder.
Pear, Pest Control, 1985
Authors: Burts Everett
Published: March 2022

Twenty-two-year-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of 5, 2-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for PP control by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-wk intervals. Adults were counted from 5 beating-tray samples/rep. Nymphs were counted from 50 leaves/rep. First generation nymph samples, those prior to 1 Jun consisted of fruiting spur leaves. Later samples included the proximal, distal and 3 leaves from between, on each of 10 shoots. Leaves were brushed and the resulting slides were examined using a dissecting microscope. Phytophagous mites were counted from separate samples using the same procedure. Two 10-fruit samples/rep collected at normal harvest time were weighed and tested for firmness with a penetrometer. Soluble solids were measured with a refractometer on samples of the combined juice of each lot of 10 fruits. PP and PRM damage was rated according to US grade standards for fresh market Bartlett pears on 2 samples of 25 fruits/rep. Fruit and foliage were examined after each spray for phytotoxicity.
Pear, Insect Growth Regulator Psylla Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R.
Published: March 2022

Treatments consisted of 0.14 acre blocks replicated 4 times. On 26 Jul 3785 ml/acre of MIT AC 1.5 EC was applied to a psylla population which had developed pyrethroid tolerance to reduce the population prior to randomization of this experiment. Materials were applied by airblast sprayer on 2 Aug, 16 Aug and 29 Aug in 78 gal/acre. At each sample period 25 leaves were randomly selected from the center 4 trees of each block, resulting in 100 leaves per replication (400 per treatment). This sample of 25 leaves from each tree was examined for psylla nymphs using a stereo microscope.
Tart Cherry, American Plum Borer Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Biddinger David
Published: March 2022

Treatments consisted of single rows replicated 4 times. Each row consisted of 8 trees. Materials were applied by handgun dilute on 16 May. Evaluations involved examining each tree for borers using a hammer was based on selecting the most infested trees in the row. Timing of the spray was based on pheromone trap catches using a specific pheromone for APB. A 50% mixture of a polyvinyl aqueous butyral dispersion (PVB) was used with insecticides. In addition, Vapor Gard (an anti-desiccant that also acts as a UV screen and sticker) was tested.
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Riverside, 1985
Authors: Hare J. D.
Published: March 2022

Acaricides were tested for control of citrus red mite populations in Riverside, CA. A completely-randomized design was used with 8 single-tree replicates per treatment. Trees were assigned to treatments based on precount densities to minimize within-treatment variation prior to the application of test materials. Applications were made on 22 and 23 Apr when mite densities were moderately high. Materials were applied with a handgun at 450 psi (ca 10 gal/tree, 1000 gpa) using a John Bean sprayer. Counts of live, adult female mites from two 4-leaf terminals per tree quadrant (total of 32 leaves per tree) were made weekly until mite populations naturally declined due to the onset of high (>37°C) daily temperatures in late May.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Langston W. C. , Schuster M. F.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted to compare Savey and combinations of other insecticides with Savey to a standard, Azodrin, for control of twospotted spider mite (TSSM). Also, the effectiveness of preventive applications was compared to conventional directed applications made after mites had reached damaging levels. 'GP 3774' was planted in plots 8 rows wide and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied with a Hi-Boy sprayer, and a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. The field was uniformly infested with a Yazoo City, Miss., strain of TSSM, maintained in culture in the greenhouse. Beneficial insects were eliminated with a Bidrin treatment before beginning the test, and bollworms were controlled as needed with Ammo 0.04 lb (AI)/acre. On 3 Jul, Savey 25F, 1.5 oz/acre, and Savey 50 WP at 1.5 and 2.5 oz/acre were applied as a preventive application when 10% of the plants had first fully expanded, mite-infested leaves (6th from terminal). This application was repeated 7 days later. The conventional applications, applications based on percent investation, were made when 60% of the plants had infested 6th leaves. The number of infested 6th leaves found/25 randomly selected plants was recorded weekly on 24 and 31 Jul and 7 Aug, beginning 1 week after treatment on 17 Jul. Yields were taken by brush stripping the center 2 rows on 9 Aug.
Comparative Efficacies of Selected Pyrethroids Against Boll Weevils, 1987
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Anderson R. M.
Published: March 2022

A caged-plant study was conducted in the field at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer to one-row × 30-ft plots of flowering, 3-ft-tall cotton plants. The sprayer delivered 4.5 gal total spray/acre through size 3X hollow-cone nozzles (2 nozzles/row) at 35 psi. At the time of treatment application, the wind traveled at 2-5 mph from SE (row direction was E to W), RH was 70%, and ambient temperature was 89°F. Three- to five-day-old adult boll weevils were caged on the upper third of randomly chosen plants in each plot at both 5-min (0 h) and 48-h posttreatment. Cages were constructed of organdy cloth, each fastened at the top and bottom with Velcro strips. Forty-eight hours after each boll weevil infestation, the caged plants were brought into the laboratory and inspected for the presence of live or dead/moribund boll weevils. A boll weevil was considered dead if it failed to move when- its snout was squeezed with forceps. A moribund boll weevil moved its legs only slightly when its snout was squeezed with forceps, and it was unable to walk on a flat surface without falling on its side. Numbers of dead and moribund weevils were combined as a measure of percent mortality. Each plant was also scored for boll weevil feeding damage. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a completely randomized design. A replicate consisted of 1 plant infested with 10-12 boll weevils. Boll weevils used in this study were obtained from the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory at Mississippi State University (Gast-strain). Prior to use in the study, adult weevils were maintained in an environmental chamber and fed squares collected from field-grown cotton. The chamber was programmed to deliver a 14:10 (L:D) cycle at constant 78°F and 70% RH.
Evaluation of Novel Cythion Formulations Against Early-Season Pests in Cotton, 1983
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Anderson R. M.
Published: March 2022

A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M University Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi to evaluate 3 novel formulations of Cythion (Cythion RTU-8#, Cythion RTU-4#, and AC-880) for control of early-season pests in dryland cotton. Treatments and an untreated check were compared in 4-row × 30-ft plots of cotton planted 26 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments and the untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications of treatments were initiated at the pinhead square stage of cotton growth on 8 May; subsequent applications were made on 14, 21, and 28 May. Applications were made with a CO2-pressurized (35 psi) backpack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 4.5 gal total spray/acre through 2 size 3X hollow-cone nozzles/row. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by inspecting terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for abundance of thrips and nymphal cotton fleahoppers and by inspecting terminal leaves (third leaf from apex of plant) of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for abundance of aphids. Seed cotton was hand harvested from a 13.6-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Evaluation of At-Planting and Foliar Insecticide Applications for Control of Early-Season Pests in Cotton, 1987
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Anderson R. M. , Schmidt K. M.
Published: March 2022

A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Univeristy Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi to evaluate soil and foliar insecticides for control of early-season pests in dryland cotton. Four treatments and an untreated check were compared in 4-row × 30-ft plots of cotton planted 19 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Using Gandy applicator boxes, soil insecticides (Counter and Temik) were applied in the seed furrow at planting time. Applications of the foliar insecticide treatment (Cygon) were initiated at the pinhead square stage of cotton growth on 8 May; subsequent applications were made on 14, 21, and 28 May. Cygon applications were made with a CO2-pressurized (35 psi) backpack sprayer, calibrated to deliver 4.5 gal total spray/acre through 2 size 3X hollow-cone nozzles/row. Edaphic conditions at planting time consisted of 15% water (by weight) in top 4 inches of soil and a temperature of 67°F at 4 inches below surface of soil. The soil type was Victoria clay with an organic matter content of 1.7%. Following planting, rainfall did not occur at the test site until 4 Apr (1.0 inch). Accumulated rainfall at the test site from planting date to first bloom stage of cotton growth (the period during which data on pest infestations were gathered) was 5.8 inches. A light freeze (31°F for 1 hr) occurred 31 Mar. Also, the test site was subjected to heavy rainfall (12 inches) and flooding during the first 2 wk in June; fruit-shed by plants during this period was extensive. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by inspecting terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for numers of fleahopper nymphs and thrips and by inspecting terminal leaves (third leaf from apex of plant) of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for numbers of aphids and adult female mites. A plant count was taken at the third leaf stage of cotton growth to determine whether the soil insecticides had an effect on the development of a stand. Seed cotton was hand-harvested from 13.6-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Laboratory Screening of San 353 and San 354 Against Mexican Rice Borer, 1987
Authors: Ring D. R. , Browning H. W.
Published: March 2022

San 353 and San 354 were tested in the laboratory for effectiveness against the Mexican rice borer at 1.0 qt/acre and 1.0 lb/acre, respectively. Media in 10 small cups were treated with each formulation and 4 3rd-instar borers were placed in each cup on 1 Sep. Cups were examined 2 days later and then weekly for dead borers or adult moths.
Green June Beetle Control, West Virginia, 1987
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. , McCutcheon T. W.
Published: March 2022

Spring and summer applications of insecticides to a sheep pasture area were evaluated for efficacy in controlling green June beetle larvae. Treatments were applied in separate but nearby areas on 4 May and 21 Sep and replicated 4 times in a completely random design. Plots were 3 × 3 m and 1.8 × 1.8 m for spring and summer treatments, respectively. Liquid and soluble powder formulations were applied in 0.22 liter of water/m2 with a hand-held sprinkling can. No treatments were irrigated except the Dylox 5G plots, which received 0.22 liter of water/m2. Granules were applied with a hand shaker. Environmental and soil conditions at the spring treatment time were as follows: air temperature, 16.8°C; soil temperature (10 cm), 14.6°C; minimum overnight temperature before 1 DAT counts 0°C; soil dry. In the summer, conditions were as follows: air temperature, 24.1°C; soil temperature (10 cm), 20.2°C; minimum overnight temperature before 1 DAT counts 18.5°C; soil moist. Soil in the test area was pH 5.3 with an organic matter level of 5.5%. The only precipitation during the trial periods was 0.05 inches overnight after summer treatments were applied. There was no hatch layer in either test area and much of the ground was bare of grass due to grazing and activity of sheep. Treatment evaluations consisted of counting and removing all grubs on the surface of each plot at 1 and 7 DAT. Twenty-four h prior to the 7 DAT evaluation, the entire test area was treated with Sevin SL at 6.72 kg (AI)/ha.
Evaluation of Fortress 4G for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1987
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 5 × 20 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination across treatments. Plots were fertilized 20 Apr with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre, broadcast seeded the same day with 'Lemont' rice at 100 lb/acre, treated 14 May with propanil + Basagran at 3 + 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, and treated again with propanil at 4 lb (AI)/acre on 19 May. Plots were flush irrigated on 23 Apr and thereafter until the permanent flood, when the soil began to crack from drying. On 25 May the permanent flood was applied and maintained until maturity. Additional urea was applied at 51 lb nitrogen/acre 1 day before the permanent flood and at panicle initiation to give a seasonal total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. Insecticides were applied with a hand shaker on 1 Jun, 7 days after the establishment of the permanent flood. From 17 to 22 Jun, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing 1 plant/core were removed from each plot. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Plants were measured for height, root length, and number of tillers and leaves.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Stink Bugs in Louisiana Soybean, 1987
Authors: Layton Blake , Boethel David J.
Published: March 2022

Selected insecticides were tested for control of stink bugs, primarily Southern green stink bug, in 2 separate experiments. In Test 1, plots were 7 rows × 40 ft in 36-inch rows. Insecticides were applied to 'Forrest' R6 soybeans on 15 Sep. In Test 2, plots were 8 rows × 40 ft in 36-inch rows. Insecticides were applied to 'Centennial' R6 soybeans on 23 Sep. Both tests were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insects were sampled with a 15-inch-diam sweep net at 2, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal/acre at 30 psi through 8002 nozzles. Test I received 0.1 inch of rain between 2 and 7 days posttreatment; no rain fell during Test 2.
Sugarcane Borer Control, Small-Plot Insecticide Trial, 1987
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Bessin R. T. , Showier A. T. , Reagan T. E.
Published: March 2022

A block of lst-stubble sugarcane (Sugarcane borer [SCB] susceptible commercial variety) at the St. Gabriel Experiment Station, near Baton Rouge, La., was sectioned into plots 3 rows (1.8-m center) × 7.31 m (0.004 ha). Insecticide treatments for season-long control of SCB were assigned to plots in a randomized block design with 5 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane canopy in water at 30 psi with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 135 liters of formulation/hectare/application. The insecticides were applied when SCB infestations exceeded the LSU-recommended economic threshold (5% of the stalks harboring SCB larvae in the leafsheaths) in the plots treated with Guthion at 0,75 lb (AI)/acre. Counts made prior to the first application revealed a 10% infestation level. Dates for the 3 applications were 14 Jul, 19 Aug, and 16 Sep. Season-long control of SCB was evaluated on 12 Nov (just prior to harvest) by examining 25 stalks randomly selected from the center of each plot for SCB entrance and exit holes.