bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Nanomaterials for Osteoarthritis Treatment: Targeting Cartilage, Subchondral Bone, and Synovium
Authors: Gong Xiaoshan , Tang Hao , Dai Jingjin , Wang Guoqiang , Dong Shiwu
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized mainly by articular cartilage loss, subchondral osteosclerosis, and chronic inflammation and involves multiple types of cellular dysfunction and tissue lesions. The rapid development of nanotechnology and materials science has contributed to the application of biomimetic nanomaterials in the biomedical field. By optimizing the composition, hardness, porosity, and drug loading of biomimetic nanomaterials, their unique physicochemical properties drive potential applications in bone repair. This article reviews the present understanding of the physiopathological mechanism and clinical treatment drawbacks of OA and summarizes various types of biomimetic nanomaterials for OA that target lesion sites, such as cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium, through simulation of the physiological structure and microenvironment. Eventually, the challenges and prospects for the clinical translation of biomimetic nanomaterials are further discussed, with the goal of accessing an effective approach for OA treatment.
Total Synthesis of Berkeleyone A and Preaustinoid A through Epoxypolyene Cyclization
Authors: Li Xingyi , Chang Zhifang , Duan Shengfu , Xie Zhixiang
Published: October 2024

A bioinspired Lewis acid‐catalyzed epoxypolyene cyclization was developed to construct the tetracyclic framework containing a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core and seven chiral centers. The usage of this approach for assembling these natural products of 6/6/6/6 tetracyclic skeleton with bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core is demonstrated by the total synthesis of highly oxidized berkeleyone A and preaustinoid A.
Application of Hard and Soft Acid‐base Theory to Construct Heterometallic Materials with Metal‐oxo Clusters
Authors: Qi Xiao , Xie Yu‐Long , Niu Jing‐Yang , Zhao Jun‐Wei , Li Ya‐Min , Fang Wei‐Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2024

Heterometallic cluster‐based materials offer the potential to incorporate multiple functionalities, leveraging the aggregation effects of clusters and translating this heterogeneity and complexity into unexpected properties that are more than just the sum of their components. However, the rational construction of heterometallic cluster‐based materials remains challenging due to the complexity of metal cation coordination and structural unpredictability. This minireview provides insights into a general synthetic strategy based on Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory, summarizing its advantages in the designed synthesis of discrete heterometallic clusters (intracluster assembly) and infinite heterometallic cluster‐based materials (intercluster assembly). Furthermore, it emphasizes the potential to exploit the intrinsic properties of mixed components to achieve breakthroughs across a broad range of applications. The insights from this review are expected to drive the progress of heterometallic cluster‐based materials in a controllable and predictable manner.
Efficient Photodegradation of High Concentration Dye Pollutants by 3‐OH‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu Under Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Hou Jiawei , Jia Yibing , Liu Ya‐Ge , Jing Biyun , Mu Yueru , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Panfeng , Jiang Hai‐Ying
Published: October 2024

This work designed and synthesized a series of functionalized copper phenylacetylides (R‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu) for highly efficient degradation of dye pollutants with light irradiation. Different growth modes caused by the introduction of different functional groups were studied and demonstrated. Among all the prepared samples, 3‐OH‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu performed the highest activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation under full spectrum light irradiation. Under full spectrum light and sunlight irradiation, the highest photodegradation capability of MO with the concentration of 600 mg/L can be achieved to 595.73 mg/g, which is about 30 times higher than the raw Ph‐C≡C‐Cu, 6.5 times higher than that by P25, and 18 times higher than that by g‐C3N4. It shows good universality for the conditions of basic room temperatures (20–50 °C), pH of 4–9 and the co‐existence of most ions. It also has good photodegradation effect on other dye pollutants, such as carmine, malachite green (MG), congo red (CR), and sunset yellow (SY). This highly efficient photodegradation of MO by 3‐OH‐Ph‐C≡C‐Cu is demonstrated to its strong hydrophilicity with the water contact angle of 35.1°, which results in the good contact of dye molecules on its surface. This work prepared an efficient photodegradation material and significantly improved the photodegradation capacity of dye pollutants. It is highly expected to achieve practical application in the treatment of industrial printing and dyeing wastewater.
2024: A “nucleoid space” odyssey featuring H‐NS
Authors: Rashid Fatema‐Zahra M. , Dame Remus T.
Published: October 2024

The three‐dimensional architecture of the bacterial chromosome is intertwined with genome processes such as transcription and replication. Conspicuously so, that the structure of the chromosome permits accurate prediction of active genome processes. Although appreciation of this interplay has developed rapidly in the past two decades, our understanding of this subject is still in its infancy, with research primarily focusing on how the process of transcription regulates and is regulated by chromosome structure. Here, we summarize the latest developments in the field with a focus on the interplay between chromosome structure and transcription in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as mediated by H‐NS—a model nucleoid structuring protein. We describe how the organization of chromosomes at the global and local scales is dependent on transcription, and how transcription is regulated by chromosome structure. Finally, we take note of studies that highlight our limited knowledge of structure‐function relationships in the chromosome, and we point out research tracks that will improve our insight in the topic.
Cytoskeletal mechanisms regulating attaching/effacing bacteria interactions with host cells: It takes a village to build the pedestal
Authors: Naydenov Nayden G. , Marino‐Melendez Armando , Campellone Kenneth G. , Ivanov Andrei I.
Published: October 2024

The actin cytoskeleton is a key cellular structure subverted by pathogens to infect and survive in or on host cells. Several pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), developed a unique mechanism to remodel the actin cytoskeleton that involves the assembly of actin filament‐rich pedestals beneath the bacterial attachment sites. Actin pedestal assembly is driven by bacterial effectors injected into the host cells, and this structure is important for EPEC and EHEC colonization. While the interplay between bacterial effectors and the actin polymerization machinery of host cells is well‐understood, how other mechanisms of actin filament remodelling regulate pedestal assembly and bacterial attachment are poorly investigated. This review discusses the gaps in our understanding of the complexity of the actin cytoskeletal remodelling during EPEC and EHEC infection. We describe possible roles of actin depolymerizing, crosslinking and motor proteins in pedestal dynamics, and bacterial interactions with the host cells. We also discuss the biological significance of pedestal assembly for bacterial infection.
Construction of mitochondrial quality regulation genes‐related prognostic model based on bulk‐RNA‐seq analysis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Zhang Ling , Liu Chengcheng , He Yi , Li Xudong , Xu Yichuan , Gu Cuiyin , Wang Xiaozhen , Wang Shuoting , Zhang Jingwen , Liu Jiajun
Published: October 2024

Mitochondrial quality regulation plays an important role in affecting the treatment sensitivity of multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to develop a mitochondrial quality regulation genes (MQRGs)‐related prognostic model for MM patients. The Genomic Data Commons‐MM of bulk RNA‐seq, mutation, and single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) dataset were downloaded, and the MQRGs gene set was collected previous study. “maftools” and CIBERSORT were used for mutation and immune‐infiltration analysis. Subsequently, the “ConsensusClusterPlus” was used to perform the unsupervised clustering analysis, “survminer” and “ssGSEA” R package was used for the Kaplan–Meier survival and enrichment analysis, “limma” R, univariate and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox were used for RiskScore model. The “timeROC” R package was used for Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis. Finally, the “Seurat” R package was used for scRNA‐seq analysis. These MQRGs are mainly located on chromosome‐1,2,3,7, and 22 and had significant expression differences among age, gender, and stage groups, in which PPARGC1A and PPARG are the high mutation genes. Most MQRGs expression are closely associated with the plasma cells infiltration and can divide the patients into 2 different prognostic clusters (C1, C2). Then, 8 risk models were screened from 60 DEGs for RiskScore, which is an independent prognostic factor and effectively divided the patients into high and low risk groups with significant difference of immune checkpoint expression. Nomogram containing RiskScore can accurately predict patient prognosis, and a series of specific transcription factor PRDM1 and IRF1 were identified. We described the based molecular features and developed a high effective MQRGs‐related prognostic model in MM.
The association of diabetes mellitus and routinely collected patient‐reported outcomes in patients with cancer. A real‐world cohort study
Authors: Ose Dominik J. , Adediran Emmanuel , Mark Bayarmaa , Ocier Krista , Dunson JR William A. , Turner Cindy , Taylor Belinda , Svoboda Kim , Post Andrew R. , Leiser Jennifer , Colman Howard , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Hashibe Mia
Published: October 2024

Objective

Current studies have indicated that diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly prevalent in patients with cancer, but there is little research on consequences on the well‐being of patients during cancer treatment. This analysis evaluates the relationship between DM and patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) in patients with cancer, using a large and well‐characterized cohort.

Methods

This study utilized the Total Cancer Care protocol at the University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute. For this analysis, we integrated data from electronic health records, the Huntsman Cancer Registry, and routinely collected PRO questionnaires. We assessed the association between DM in patients with cancer and PRO scores for anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, and physical function using multiple linear regression and t‐tests.

Results

The final cohort comprised 3512 patients with cancer, with a mean age of 57.8 years at cancer diagnosis. Of all patients, 49.1% (n = 1724) were female, with 82.0% (n = 2879) patients reporting PROs at least at one time point. Compared with patients who responded, nonresponders were more often female (p = 0.0035), less frequently non‐Hispanic White (p = 0.0058), and had a higher BMI (p = 0.0759). Patients with cancer and diabetes had worse PRO scores for anxiety (p = 0.0003), depression (p < 0.0001), fatigue (p < 0.0001), pain interference (p < 0.0001), and physical function (p < 0.0001) compared to patients with cancer without diabetes. Significant associations between diabetes and PRO scores were observed for anxiety (β ± SE: 1.27 ± 0.48; p = 0.0076), depression (β ± SE: 1.46 ± 0.45; p = 0.0011), fatigue (β ± SE: 2.11 ± 0.52; p < 0.0001), pain interference (β ± SE: 1.42 ± 0.50; p = 0.0046), and physical function (β ± SE: −2.74 ± 0.48; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that patients with cancer and diabetes may be at greater risk for anxiety, depression, fatigue, higher pain interference, and reduced physical function. Strengthening diabetes management is imperative to address the negative impact of diabetes on PROs. In particular, this may be true for patients with skin, breast, prostate, and kidney cancer.
A CH4‐Driven Ion Cloud‐Stretched Approach Enables ICP‐qMS for Multiplex Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Lv Zhengxian , Yan Xinli , Liu Zhen , Chen Shi , Yan Xiaowen , Yang Limin , Wang Qiuquan
Published: October 2024

In the last 40 years, inductively coupled plasma quadrupole (q) mass spectrometry (ICP‐qMS) has been recognized as one of the best tools for the quantification of multiple elements/isotopes and even the biomolecules they labeled in a homogeneous solution sample. However, it meets a tough challenge when acquiring multi‐m/z signals from an intact single‐cell dispersed in a cell suspension, since the single‐cell ion cloud generated in ICP presents an intermittently transient event with a duration time of hundreds of microseconds while the dwell time plus settling time of the q is at the similar time scale when peak‐hopping between different m/z. Herein, we report CH4 is able to stretch the single‐cell ion cloud duration time to more than 7,000 μs in collision‐reaction‐cell (CRC), allowing multi‐m/z signals acquisition by ICP‐qMS. Quantification of single‐cell's multiple phenotype protein markers can thus be achieved on ICP‐(CH4‐CRC)‐qMS, not only revealing the heterogeneity between the single cells but also enabling an unambiguous cell‐classification of their subtypes. CH4‐driven ion cloud‐stretched approach breaks through the long‐standing bottleneck limited single‐cell multiplex analysis on ICP‐qMS, paving a path for more important applications of ICP‐qMS in the fields related to single‐cell analysis.
Buckybowl‐Based Fullerene Receptors
Authors: Song Wenru , Shao Xiangfeng
Published: October 2024

Buckybowls, bowl‐shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbons, have received intensive interest owing to their multifaceted potentials in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Buckybowls possess unique chemical and physical properties associated with their concave and convex faces. In view of the shape complementarity, which is one of the key factors for host‐guest assembly, buckybowls are ideal receptors for fullerenes. In fact, the host‐guest assembly between buckybowls and fullerenes is one of the most active topics in buckybowls chemistry, and the resulting supramolecular materials show promising applications in optoelectronics, biomaterials, and so forth. In this tutorial review, we present an overview for the progress on fullerene receptors based on buckybowls over the last decade.
Heterometallic [2]Catenane‐Crosslinked Supramolecular Networks with Improved Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Feng Qian , Ding Rui , Zhang Mingming
Published: October 2024

The construction of supramolecular networks with novel crosslinks is of great significance in expanding their chemical structures and exploring their advanced functions. Herein, we prepare a type of [2]catenane‐cored supramolecular networks based on the crosslinking of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using a heterometallic [2]catenane unit. By adjusting the molecular weight of PEG, the solubility of the networks can be tuned and gels are formed using low molecular weight PEG. The introduction of heterometallic [2]catenane offers the networks good antibacterial properties owing to the synergistic antimicrobial activity of Pt(II) and Cu(I) ions in the [2]catenane. This study provides a simple and efficient strategy for constructing supramolecular networks with topological crosslinks as antibacterial materials, which will promote the structural design and biological applications of supramolecular networks.
When do challenge‐hindrance stressors differentially effect employees' ability to meet work deadlines?
Authors: Azeem Muhammad Umer , Mehmood Iqbal , Haq Inam Ul , Nasho Ah‐Pine Elda
Published: October 2024

This study adds to the extant research by investigating the differential effects of challenge‐hindrance stressors on employees' ability to meet work‐related deadlines. We also examine the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and moderating role of core self‐evaluation (CSE) in this process. Using multi‐source, time‐lagged data (N = 203) collected from employee‐supervisor dyads, this study pinpoints an important reason why employees experience of challenge and hindrance stressor invoke differential effects on their ability to meet work‐related deadlines is that they feel emotionally exhaustion when faced with stressful work demands. However, employees with high CSE can control themselves in these uncertain situations such that the indirect effects of challenge‐hindrance stressors on timely completion of work tasks, via exhaustion, are less salient for them. The study implications suggest that HR managers and decision makers need to openly communicate the risks and challenges associated with the work demands so that employees can appraise these tasks as either challenging or hindrance. Moreover, involving employees with high levels of CSE would further increase the chances that employees will complete their work tasks on time.
A 170‐ to 260‐GHz Full‐Band Frequency Doubler Realized by Impedance Compression Matching Technique
Authors: Wu Chengkai , Zhang Yong , Wang Li , Yan Bo , Xu Ruimin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the bandwidth limitations of frequency multipliers are analyzed theoretically in terms of maximum power transmission. The analysis shows that due to conjugate with the impedance of the diode itself, the optimum embedded impedance of the diode possesses a counterclockwise impedance trajectory versus frequency on the Smith chart, whereas the matching circuit exhibits a clockwise impedance trajectory versus frequency on the Smith chart. Under this constraint, an impedance compression matching technique (ICMT) is proposed to realize broadband design for terahertz frequency multipliers. Based on the proposed design method, a 170‐ to 260‐GHz full‐band frequency doubler was designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the doubler achieves an output power of 4–7.5 mW in the entire frequency band under 140‐mW input power, corresponding to a conversion loss of 12.5–15.4 dB.
A High Gain Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna Enabled by a High Dielectric Superstrate for Wideband Applications
Authors: Reddy Mekala Harinath , Sheela D. , Premalatha J. , Jayasudha F. V.
Published: October 2024

A novel superstrate‐based Vivaldi antenna design characterized by high‐gain and wideband performance is presented. The proposed design configuration features a Vivaldi antenna positioned between high dielectric superstrate (Rogers 6010, εr = 10.2) with copper etched off on both sides and an FR4 substrate that has copper etched on one side only. The introduction of a high permittivity dielectric material above and a reflector below the Vivaldi antenna enables favorable resonance conditions for achieving high‐gain operation. The measured antenna exhibits a peak gain of 17 dBi at 10 GHz, covering an operating frequency range of 6–20 GHz. It also features a narrow half‐power beamwidth and low side lobe level radiation patterns. Unlike existing studies, which rely on metamaterials, electromagnetic bandgap structures, and frequency selective surfaces for gain enhancement, our design employs high‐dielectric constant superstrates. This approach increased the antenna's peak gain by 10 dB. Also, the proposed configuration act as a radome protecting the antenna from Environment.
Effects of atrial fibrillation ablation on arrhythmia burden and ventricular function in end‐stage heart failure: Lessons from CASTLE‐HTx
Authors: Sciacca Vanessa , Sohns Christian , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Marrouche Nassir F. , Schramm Rene , Moersdorf Maximilian , Fink Thomas , Bergau Leonard , Hindricks Gerhard , Dagres Nikolaos , Sossalla Samuel , Costard‐Jaeckle Angelika , Fox Henrik , El Hamriti Mustapha , Konietschke Frank , Rudolph Volker , Gummert Jan , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Sommer Philipp ,   for the CASTLE HTx Investigators
Published: October 2024

Aims

The CASTLE‐HTx trial showed the benefit of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation compared to medical therapy in decreasing mortality, need for left ventricular assist device implantation or heart transplantation (HTx) in patients with end‐stage heart failure (HF). Herein we describe the effects of catheter ablation on AF burden, arrhythmia recurrences, and ventricular function in end‐stage HF.

Methods and results

The CASTLE‐HTx protocol randomized 194 patients in end‐stage HF with AF to catheter ablation and medical therapy or medical therapy alone. AF burden, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and type of AF were assessed at baseline and at each follow‐up visit. Overall, 97 patients received ablation; 66 patients (68%) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and 31 patients (32%) were treated with PVI and additional ablation. Electroanatomic mapping showed the extent of left atrial low voltage (cardiomyopathy) >10% in 31 (31.9%) patients. At 12 months post‐ablation, persistent AF was present in 31/89 patients (34.8%), which was significantly less frequent compared to baseline (p = 0.0001). Median AF burden reduction was 36.3 (interquartile range 13.6–63.3) percentage points at 12 months and LVEF improved from 29.2 ± 6.2% to 39.1 ± 8.3% (p < 0.001) following ablation. AF burden reduction <50% was significantly associated with LVEF improvement ≥5% at 12 months after ablation (p = 0.017).

Conclusion

Atrial fibrillation ablation in end‐stage HF leads to a substantial decrease in AF burden, a regression from persistent to paroxysmal AF and notably improved LVEF. Favourable ablation outcomes were observed in patients regardless of the presence or absence of signs indicating left atrial cardiomyopathy.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Optical Limiting Behavior of Organometallic Complexes: Influence of Metal Centers and Conjugated Diimine Ligands
Authors: Wu Chenglong , Bao Yongqi , Ren Guihong , Wang Chenyi , Zhu Senqiang , Liu Rui , Zhu Hongjun
Published: October 2024

Four organometallic complexes featuring identical conjugated diimine ligands and varying transition metal centers (Rh(III), Ir(III), Ru(II), and Os(II)) were synthesized. A comprehensive investigation of the photophysical properties of these complexes and their corresponding diimine ligands was conducted by UV‐vis absorption, emission, and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, as well as optical power limiting (OPL) measurements. The incorporation of fluorene components with alkyl chains enhanced the π‐conjugation of the ligand, prevented intermolecular π‐π stacking, and improved complex solubility. The diimine ligands showed a slight solvation effect in their emission spectra, indicating that the main property of their emissive state was intramolecular charge transfer (CT). According to the valence states of the four complexes, they can be divided into two classes (Rh(III), Ir(III)) and (Ru(II), Os(II)). For TA spectrum, the former group exhibited positive ΔOD values across the 400~800 nm range, while the latter showed large inverted peaks at 420~500 nm due to significant ground‐state absorption in this wavelength range. Additionally, the optical limiting conduct of the complexes observed the order: 1 d>1 a>1 c>1 b. Complex 1 d exhibits powerful reverse saturable absorption (RSA) properties at 532 nm and could probably be used as an wonderful nonlinear absorbing material.
Model reference adaptive hierarchical control framework for shake table tests
Authors: Chen Zhongwei , Yang T. Y. , Xiao Yifei , Pan Xiao , Yang Wanyan
Published: October 2024

The structural response under earthquake excitation can be simulated by shake table tests. However, the performance of the shake table is affected by the Control‐Structure Interaction (CSI) effect. In recent years, nonlinear control algorithms were developed to compensate for the CSI effect. In this study, a model reference adaptive control algorithm, named model reference adaptive hierarchical control (MRAHC) framework, is presented. MRAHC consists of a high (adaptive) and low (loop‐shaping) level controller. The high‐level (adaptive) controller develops the control algorithm on the system level, which directedly considers the inherent nonlinearity of the test specimen and the CSI effect. While the low‐level (loop‐shaping) controller develops the control algorithm to regulate the hydraulic system and make sure it can follow the reference signal generated by the high‐level (adaptive) controller. MRAHC offers many advantages including direct compensation to the structural nonlinearity and the ability to handle the CSI effect. In addition, it allows users to quantify the mass of the test specimens without measurement. To evaluate the performance of the MRAHC method, shake table tests with different upper structure masses were carried out. The performance of the MRAHC was compared with the direct loop‐shaping control method (LC) and the Proportional‐Integral‐Differentiation control method (PID). The results show that the MRAHC can achieve better acceleration tracking compared to the LC and PID control methods. Hence, the MRAHC can be used as an effective nonlinear controller for shake table tests.
Sleep disturbances in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Burger Pia , Bos Rosita W. , Maas Joyce , Simeunovic‐Ostojic Mladena , Gemke Reinoud J. B. J.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Sleep is crucial for physical and psychological health, and disturbances are closely linked to psychiatric disorders, making their management essential for improving treatment outcomes and preventing relapse. Although sleep disturbances are implicated in psychopathology of eating disorders, its role in anorexia nervosa (AN) remains unclear. This review aimed to characterise sleep in AN.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in four scientific databases, including papers from inception to 25 May 2024. A machine learning algorithm (ASReview) was utilised to screen titles and abstracts for eligibility. Sleep quantity, architecture, and quality were investigated. Meta‐analyses were conducted to investigate the difference between patients with AN and healthy controls (HC) in total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency, Sleep Stage 1, 2, slow wave sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and REM latency. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results

Out of 67 potentially eligible papers, 31 were included in this review, with 15 in the meta‐analyses. Statistically significant average mean differences were found for TST (−32.1 min [95% CI: −50.9, −13.4]), WASO (19.0 min [95% CI: −2.4, 40.3]), and sleep efficiency (−4.4% [95% CI: −7.9, −0.9]). Additionally, Sleep stage 1 was significantly increased (2.4% [95%‐CI: 0.05, 4.7]), while REM sleep was reduced (−2.1% [95%‐CI: −4.2, −0.02]). Subgroup analysis showed that TST and WASO did not improve significantly after weight restoration.

Conclusion

Sleep in patients with AN is impaired, with lower TST and sleep efficiency, higher WASO, more time in stage 1 sleep, and less in REM. Weight restoration alone may not improve sleep. While more research is needed, substantial accompanying sleep disturbances in AN justifies addressing these in current treatment practice, also because of the chronic character of AN and importance of sleep for long term (mental) health.
The Impact of Different Manipulations of the Chorda Tympani Nerve on Taste in Endoscopic Ear Surgery
Authors: Li Rujie , Chen Shuainan , Yu Die , Chen Qiyue , Xia Yuxiang , Huang Yideng
Published: October 2024

The chorda tympani nerve (CTN) plays a significant role in taste transmission and salivary secretion. Due to its course in the tympanic cavity and its relation to the ossicular chain, there is a high risk of iatrogenic damage to the CTN during otologic surgeries. This study aimed to assess the impact of different handling methods of the CTN during endoscopic ear surgery on patients' taste perception. A cohort study conducted from 2022 to 2023 in a tertiary hospital involved participants undergoing various types of endoscopic ear surgeries. Based on intraoperative handling of the CTN, participants were divided into three groups: intact, traction (subdivided into mild, moderate and severe traction subgroups) and transection (subdivided into transection without tension, with tension and tearing subgroups). Taste tests were administered from 1 day before surgery to 6 months postoperatively. Endoscopic ear surgery for treating ear pathologies. Taste test scores, other relevant symptoms. Significant differences were observed in the incidence and recovery time of taste dysfunction across groups. The rate of taste abnormalities and recovery time increased with the degree of traction; the severe traction and transection subgroups showed the highest rates of abnormalities and cases of incomplete recovery. In terms of disease type, patients with chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma showed significant differences in preoperative taste status, abnormality rates and recovery times compared to patients with non‐inflammatory ear diseases. General sensory abnormalities of the tongue were mainly found in moderate‐to‐severe traction subgroups and all transection groups, often accompanying taste reduction or loss. Some patients in the transection group experienced only numbness or both increased taste sensation and numbness. The study underscores the importance of delicate handling of the CTN in endoscopic ear surgery, especially in patients with inflammatory middle ear diseases. It suggests minimising severe traction injuries and considering early and accurate transection to reduce traction injuries when preservation is challenging; any manipulation of the CTN should be avoided in patients with non‐inflammatory conditions. This research provides valuable theoretical support for clinical practice.
Improving the nutritional evaluation in head neck cancer patients using bioelectrical impedance analysis: Not only the phase angle matters
Authors: Herrera‐Martínez Aura D. , Prior‐Sánchez Inmaculada , Fernández‐Soto María Luisa , García‐Olivares María , Novo‐Rodríguez Cristina , González‐Pacheco María , Martínez‐Ramirez María José , Carmona‐Llanos Alba , Jiménez‐Sánchez Andrés , Muñoz‐Jiménez Concepción , Torres‐Flores Fátima , Fernández‐Jiménez Rocío , Boughanem Hatim , del Galindo‐Gallardo María Carmen , Luengo‐Pérez Luis Miguel , Molina‐Puerta María Josefa , García‐Almeida José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Background

Malnutrition and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in patients with head neck cancer (HNC). An accurate early diagnosis is necessary for starting nutritional support, as both are clearly associated with clinical outcomes and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of body composition analysis using electrical bioimpedance vectorial analysis (BIVA) for diagnosing malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with HNC cancer undergoing systemic treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Methods

Cross‐sectional, observational study that included 509 HNC patients. A comprehensive nutritional evaluation that included BIVA was performed.

Results

The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in patients that received treatment with chemotherapy (59.2% vs. 40.8%, P < 0.001); increased mortality was observed in malnourished patients (33.3% vs. 20.1%; P < 0.001); ECOG status (1–4) was also worse in malnourished patients (59.2% vs. 22.8% P < 0.001). Body cell mass (BCM) and fat mass were the most significantly associated parameters with malnutrition [OR 0.88 (0.84–0.93) and 0.98 (0.95–1.01), respectively]; BCM and fat free mass index (FFMI) were associated with several aspects including (1) the patient‐generated subjective global assessment [OR 0.93 (0.84–0.98) and 0.86 (0.76–0.97), respectively], (2) the presence of sarcopenia [OR 0.81 (0.76–0.87) and 0.78 (0.66–0.92), respectively]. A BCM index (BCMI) < 7.8 in combination with other parameters including FFMI and BCM accurately predicted patients with malnutrition [accuracy 95% CI: 0.803 (0.763–0.839); kappa index: 0.486; AUC: 0.618 (P < 0.01)]. A BCMI cutoff of 7.6 was enough for identifying males with malnutrition (P < 0.001), while it should be combined with other parameters in females.

Conclusions

Body composition parameters determined by BIVA accurately identify patients with HNC and malnutrition. Phase angle, but other parameters including BCMI, FFMI and BCM provide significant information about nutritional status in patients with HNC.
An evaluation by dental clinicians of cutting characteristics and haptic perceptions in 3D‐printed typodont teeth: A pilot study
Authors: Cresswell‐Boyes Alexander J. , Davis Graham R. , Barber Asa H. , Krishnamoorthy Mahentha , Nehete Swati R.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the haptic perception of clinicians to the cutting response of 3D‐printed typodont teeth and commercial typodont teeth and human extracted teeth.

Methods

Twenty clinicians were asked to perform a Class I cavity preparation on commercial typodont teeth, 3D‐printed typodont teeth, and human extracted teeth, while the forces were recorded via a three‐axis load cell. The haptic perception of clinicians was also evaluated through a response questionnaire comparing commercial and 3D‐printed typodont teeth.

Results

The study found that clinicians used similar forces (p = 0.53) to cut both the 3D‐printed typodont teeth (1.37 N) and the human extracted teeth (1.44 N), but more force was needed to cut the commercial typodont teeth (3.71 N). The response questionnaire indicated that clinicians rated the 3D‐printed typodont teeth highly compared to the commercial teeth. The 3D‐printed dentine received favorable feedback from clinicians, and the 3D‐printed enamel was rated higher compared to the commercial equivalents.

Conclusions

The results of the study suggest that 3D‐printed typodont teeth offer a comparable haptic perception to human extracted teeth and can be used as an effective tool for preclinical dental learning. Moreover, the study highlights the advantages of 3D‐printed typodont teeth over commercial typodont teeth in terms of haptic perception.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis associated with IgA deficiency
Authors: Flowers L. E. , Subhadarshani S. , Quinter S. , Shaughnessy C.
Published: October 2024

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) is a noninfectious follicular based inflammatory dermatosis. We present a case of a 57‐year‐old female of Indian ethnicity who developed a pustular eruption, with certain lesions displaying Koebnerization. Given that the morphologic distribution most represented the immunosuppressant EPF subtype, additional testing led to the discovery of concurrent IgA deficiency. This case highlights a particularly unusual presentation of EPF associated with IgA deficiency and Koebner phenomenon.
Highly Anisotropic Drude‐Weight‐Reduction and Enhanced Linear‐Dichroism in van der Waals Weyl Semimetal Td‐MoTe2 with Coherent Interlayer Electronic Transport
Authors: Su Bo , Wu Weikang , Zhao Jianzhou , Deng Xiutong , Li Wenhui , Yang Shengyuan A. , Shi Youguo , Li Qiang , Luo Jianlin , Gu Genda , Chen Zhi‐Guo
Published: October 2024

Weyl semimetal (WSM) states can be achieved by breaking spatial‐inversion symmetry or time reversal symmetry. However, the anisotropy of the energy reduction contributing to the emergence of WSM states has seldom been investigated by experiments. A van der Waals metal MoTe2 exhibits a type‐II WSM phase below the monoclinic‐to‐orthorhombic‐phase‐transition temperature Tc ∼ 250 K. Here, a combined linearly polarized optical‐spectroscopy and electrical‐transport study of MoTe2 is reported at different temperatures. The Drude components in the a‐axis, b‐axis, and c‐axis optical conductivity spectra, together with the metallic out‐of‐plane and in‐plane electrical resistivities, indicate the coherent inter‐layer and in‐plane charge transports. Moreover, the Drude weight in σ1a(ω), rather than the Drude weights in σ1b(ω) and σ1c(ω), decreases dramatically below Tc, which exhibits a highly anisotropic decrease in its Drude weight and thus suggests a strongly anisotropic reduction of the electronic kinetic energy in the WSM phase. Furthermore, below Tc, due to the in‐plane anisotropic spectral‐weight transfer from Drude component to high‐energy region, the in‐plane inter‐band‐absorption anisotropy increases remarkably ≈770 meV, and has the largest value (≈0.68) of normalized linear dichroism among the reported type‐II WSMs. The work sheds light on seeking new WSMs and developing novel photonic devices based on WSMs.
Prediction of Temperature‐Dependent Stress in 4H‐SiC Using In Situ Nondestructive Raman Spectroscopy Characterization
Authors: Yang Zhoudong , Wang Xinyue , Zuo Yuanhui , Tang Zhuorui , Guo Baotong , Zhang Junran , Tang Hongyu , Zhang Rongjun , Fan Xuejun , Zhang Guoqi , Fan Jiajie
Published: October 2024

4H‐SiC is widely used in power electronics owing to its superior physical properties. However, temperature‐induced stresses compromise the reliability of 4H‐SiC power devices in high‐temperature applications, warranting precise, and nondestructive stress characterization responsive to temperature variations. Herein, a temperature‐dependent predictive model is proposed for analyzing the Raman shift–stress in 4H‐SiC. The 4H‐SiC epitaxial samples prepared via chemical vapor deposition are characterized using in situ variable‐temperature Raman spectroscopy, resulting in a temperature correction factor of approximately −0.021 cm−1 K−1, which is integrated into the conventional Raman shift–stress relationship to assess stress variations induced by temperature variations. The elastic modulus tensor of 4H‐SiC at various temperatures determined using molecular dynamics simulations indicates a linear reduction in modulus with increasing temperature. This variable temperature modulus is incorporated into the Raman shift–stress relationship. Furthermore, a finite element method is used for model simplification to perform stress calculations in three axial directions. The experimental results confirm the consistency between calculated and experimental values with a 10% error range under the uniaxial stress condition. The study findings provide valuable insights into assessing stress evolution in 4H‐SiC under temperature variations based on Raman spectroscopy, thereby advancing the application of spectroscopic techniques in material stress detection.
GDMol: Generative Double‐Masking Self‐Supervised Learning for Molecular Property Prediction
Authors: Liu Yingxu , Fan Qing , Xu Chengcheng , Ning Xiangzhen , Wang Yu , Liu Yang , Xie Yu , Zhang Yanmin , Chen Yadong , Liu Haichun
Published: October 2024

Background: Effective molecular feature representation is crucial for drug property prediction. Recent years have seen increased attention on graph neural networks (GNNs) that are pre‐trained using self‐supervised learning techniques, aiming to overcome the scarcity of labeled data in molecular property prediction. Traditional GNNs in self‐supervised molecular property prediction typically perform a single masking operation on the nodes and edges of the input molecular graph, masking only local information and insufficient for thorough self‐supervised training. Method: Hence, we propose a model for molecular property prediction based on generative double‐masking self‐supervised learning, termed as GDMol. This integrates generative learning into the self‐supervised learning framework for latent representation, and applies a second round of masking to these latent representations, enabling the model to better capture global information and semantic knowledge of the molecules for a richer, more informative representation, thereby achieving more accurate and robust molecular property prediction. Results: Our experiments on 5 datasets demonstrated superior performance of GDMol in predicting molecular properties across different domains. Moreover, we used the masking operation to traverse through the gradient changes of each node, the magnitude and sign of which reflect the positive and negative contribution respectively of the local structure in the molecule to the prediction outcome. This in‐depth interpretative analysis not only enhances the model's interpretability, but also provides more targeted insights and direction for optimizing drug molecules. Conclusions: In summary, this research offers novel insights on improving molecular property prediction tasks, and paves the way for further research on the application of generative learning and self‐supervised learning in the field of chemistry.
A deep brain stimulation–conditioned RF coil for 3T MRI
Authors: Kutscha Nicolas , Mahmutovic Mirsad , Bhusal Bhumi , Vu Jasmine , Chemlali Chaimaa , Hansen Sam‐Luca J. D. , May Markus W. , Knake Susanne , Golestanirad Laleh , Keil Boris
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To develop and test an MRI coil assembly for imaging deep brain stimulation (DBS) at 3 T with a reduced level of local specific absorption rate of RF fields near the implant.

Methods

A mechanical rotatable linearly polarized birdcage transmitter outfitted with a 32‐channel receive array was constructed. The coil performance and image quality were systematically evaluated using bench‐level measurements and imaging performance tests, including SNR maps, array element noise correlation, and acceleration capabilities. Electromagnetic simulations and phantom experiments were performed with clinically relevant DBS device configurations to evaluate the reduction of specific absorption rate and temperature near the implant compared with a circular polarized body coil setup.

Results

The linearly polarized birdcage coil features a block‐shaped low electric field region to be co‐aligned with the implanted DBS lead trajectory, while the close‐fit receive array enables imaging with high SNR and enhanced encoding capabilities.

Conclusion

The 3T coil assembly, consisting of a rotating linear birdcage and a 32‐channel close‐fit receive array, showed DBS‐conditioned imaging technology with substantially reduced heat generation at the DBS implants.
Is Outpatient Supraglottoplasty Possible? Examination of Perioperative Comorbidities and Outcomes
Authors: Wright Courtney N. , Zaniletti Isabella , Mullins Charles , Kompelli Anvesh , Pletcher Katherine , Richter Gresham T.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Supraglottoplasty (SGP) is necessary in approximately 10% to 15% of infants with congenital laryngomalacia (LM). Postoperative management strategies vary and this study examines outcomes and readmission rates.

Study Design

This is a retrospective chart review.

Setting

A single tertiary care institution's patients undergoing SGP from 2012 to May 2022.

Methods

Patients were assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on length of stay (LOS) including 0, 1, or 2+ days. Preoperative data included age, prevailing symptoms, and comorbidities at the time of surgery. Postoperative data included level of care, perioperative complications, readmission rates, and SGP failure. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate differences between the 3 groups.

Results

Following SGP in 975 patients, 23.8% were discharged the same day (Group 0), 63.2% were observed overnight (Group 1), and 13.0% required 2+ days (Group 2). Four of the 616 patients in Group 1 were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) setting, and 11 patients in Group 2. The patients in Group 2 had a higher incidence of Pepcid use, previous intubation, cardiac anomalies, prior gastrostomy tube (G tube), subglottic stenosis, cyanosis, failure to thrive, and prematurity. The significant differences in the group admitted to the ICU were those admitted for airway, cerebral palsy, prior G tube, PSG, prior intubation, or cardiac anomaly (P = <.05). Readmission rates from Group 0 versus 1 were 1.3% and 2.9%, respectively, though this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

SGP is a safe procedure that can be performed in the outpatient setting in select patients.
Otolaryngology Simulation Curriculum Development and Evaluation for Medical Education in Rwanda
Authors: Nuss Sarah , Wittenberg Rachel , Salano Valerie , Maina Ivy , Tuyishimire Gratien , Jue Xu Mary , Masimbi Ornella , Shimelash Natnael
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a new low‐cost otolaryngology simulation training curriculum for medical students in Rwanda. Given the limited access to hands‐on training and equipment in low‐middle‐income countries, building confidence in performing basic otolaryngology skills is vital for all medical students, especially where all graduates initially serve in primary care before specializing.

Study Design

Preintervention and postintervention assessments of simulation training.

Setting

Conducted at the University of Global Health Equity in Rwanda.

Methods

The simulation program comprised 3 primary components: (1) a low‐cost, moderate‐fidelity model for cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy practice, (2) a low‐cost, low‐fidelity ear model for foreign body and cerumen removal, and a high‐fidelity manikin for practicing, (3) epistaxis management, and (4) nasal foreign body removal. Students underwent pretest and posttest assessments measuring their knowledge, experience, perceived skill, and confidence in performing these procedures. A survey collected feedback on the program.

Results

A total of 29 medical students participated in the simulation program, integrated into a 1‐week otolaryngology “boot camp” preceding a 3‐week clerkship rotation. All models were created using basic, locally available materials, at a total cost of $1.02 for cricothyrotomy and $0.20 for foreign body models. Knowledge and perceived confidence increased for all 3 simulations. All students found the simulations useful, enjoyable, and anticipated using these skills in future training.

Conclusion

The study's results demonstrated that the low‐cost otolaryngology simulation was well‐received and enhanced knowledge, interest, and confidence in performing basic otolaryngology skills across all simulations.
Structure‐preserving interpolation of quadratic‐bilinear systems via regular multivariate transfer functions
Authors: Benner Peter , Gugercin Serkan , Werner Steffen W. R.
Published: October 2024

For the accurate modeling of real‐world phenomena, high‐dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems are indispensable. Quadratic‐bilinear nonlinearities are of particular importance since many systems with general nonlinearities can be remodeled into this form. Such nonlinear systems typically encode physical properties via their internal differential structure. This leads to a high demand for structure‐preserving model order reduction techniques for quadratic‐bilinear systems that allow for the accurate representation of their dynamics by a small number of differential equations while retaining the internal system structure. In this paper, we provide formulae for structured regular subsystem transfer functions of quadratic‐bilinear systems with internal differential structures and provide a corresponding interpolation theory for the efficient construction of the resulting structured reduced‐order models. The presented theoretical results are illustrated in numerical experiments including a time‐delayed nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation and a molecular simulation.