bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploratory study on the effect of osteoactivin on bone formation in the rat critical‐size calvarial defect model
Authors: Bateman J. P. , Safadi F. F. , Susin C. , Wikesjö U. M. E.
Published: November 2011

Bateman JP, Safadi FF, Susin C, Wikesjö UME. Exploratory study on the effect of osteoactivin on bone formation in the rat critical‐size Calvarial defect model. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 243–247. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Background and Objective:  Osteoactivin is a novel glycoprotein shown to exhibit an important role in regulating osteoblast differentiation and function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of osteoactivin to support bone regeneration using an established defect model.

Material and Methods:  Critical‐size, 8‐mm‐diameter through‐and‐through calvarial osteotomy defects were created in 60 adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Test animals received 0.1 mL of osteoactivin in phosphate‐buffered saline (50 μg/mL) soak‐loaded onto an absorbable collagen sponge. Controls received 0.1 mL of phosphate‐buffered saline soak‐loaded onto the absorbable collagen sponge or no further intervention (sham‐surgery). The animals were euthanized 2 and 4 wk after treatment and histometric analyses were performed.

Results:  The absorbable collagen sponge control (mean ± standard deviation: 40.9 ± 26.9%) showed borderline significant greater bone fill compared with sham‐surgery (22.9 ± 15.8%; p = 0.10) and osteoactivin (20.2 ± 11.8%; p = 0.07) treatments at 2 wk. In contrast, osteoactivin (84.7 ± 15.8%) showed significantly greater bone fill than sham‐surgery (28.4 ± 9.6%; p < 0.001) and absorbable collagen sponge (41.8 ± 22.1%; p < 0.001) at 4 wk. No animals receiving sham‐surgery or absorbable collagen sponge exhibited complete bone fill at 4 wk while 70% of the animals receiving osteoactivin showed complete bone fill.

Conclusion:  Osteoactivin demonstrates a significant potential to support bone regeneration/formation. Studies using discriminating large animal models are necessary to explore clinical application for periodontal and craniofacial indications.
Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth through ERK signaling
Authors: Li B , Qu C , Chen C , Liu Y , Akiyama K , Yang R , Chen F , Zhao Y , Shi S
Published: November 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 285–292

Objective:  Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a unique postnatal stem cell population capable of regenerating mineralized tissue and treating immune disorders. However, the mechanism that controls SHED differentiation is not fully understood. Here, we showed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment attenuated SHED‐mediated mineralized tissue regeneration through activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway.

Material and Method: The level of mineralized nodule formation was assessed by alizarin red staining. Expression levels of osteogenic genes, osteocalcin and runt‐related transcription factor 2, were examined by RT‐PCR. Subcutaneous implantation approach was used to assess in vivo bone formation. Downstream signaling pathways of bFGF were examined by Western blotting.

Result:  Activation of ERK1/2 signaling by bFGF treatment inhibited WNT/β‐catenin pathway, leading to osteogenic deficiency of SHED. ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment rescued bFGF‐induced osteogenic differentiation deficiency.

Conclusion:  These data suggest that bFGF inhibits osteogenic differentiation of SHED via ERK1/2 pathway. Blockade ERK1/2 signaling by small molecular inhibitor treatment improves bone formation of SHED after bFGF treatment.
Indocyanine green fluorescence‐guided sentinel lymph node biopsy in dermato‐oncology
Authors: Stoffels Ingo , von der Stück Hannah , Boy Christian , Pöppel Thorsten , Körber Nina , Weindorf Maren , Dissemond Joachim , Schadendorf Dirk , Klode Joachim
Published: November 2011

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for cutaneous malignancies usually carried out with radioactive nanocolloids (Tc‐99m). The SLNE is controversially discussed internationally. This is especially given to the high false‐negative rate up to 44 %. An alternative could be the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG).

Material and Methods: We investigated the advantage of intraoperative fluorescence detection of lymphatic vessels and SLN with a Near‐Infrared (NIR) camera in comparison to conventional methods using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT in 22 patients with malignant melanoma.

Results: A total of 61 SLNs were removed in 22 operative procedures. In 7 SLN (10.3 %; 7/68) the histopathological assessment could demonstrate a metasta‐tic involvement. 11 additional SLN (19.1 %) in 8 patients were only identified using the fluorescent labeling. Two of these additional SLN (9.1 %; 2/22) showed metastatic involvement.

Conclusion: The ICG fluorescence‐guided SLNB is an innovative imaging technique for dermato‐oncology, reliable and providing additional information in the detection of SLN. Therefore SLNB with fluorescence‐dye is an attractive option with intraoperative real‐time lymphoscintigraphy to improve the detection of SLN in cutaneous malignancies and potential reduction of the false negative rate in SLN.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and hypoglycaemia
Authors: Farina Maria I. , Scarani Roberto , Po’ Chiara , Agosto Caterina , Ottonello Giancarlo , Benini Franca
Published: November 2011

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare genetic disorder typically presenting in infants with an impaired automatic control of breathing, particularly during sleep, and often associated with variable patterns of autonomic nervous system dysregulations. We studied three children who had CCHS associated with episodes of severe hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia; we discuss the possible relationship with impaired dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase function.

Conclusion:  Hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia might be suspected in children with CCHS presenting with seizures and hyperhydrosis; though, further studies are needed to confirm this association.
Community‐level seedling dynamics in Mediterranean forests: uncoupling between the canopy and the seedling layers
Authors: Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Marañón Teodoro
Published: November 2011

Questions

Based on comparisons between canopy and seedling layers, which woody species of a Mediterranean forest community, if any, are recruitment‐limited? What abiotic and biotic factors predominantly affect seedling density and survival for each species? How spatially consistent are the two demographic processes? What are the ecological implications of these findings for forest stand dynamics and species co‐existence?

Location

Mediterranean oak forests in southern Spain.

Methods

We present the results of a community‐level study conducted over 4 yr in three Mediterranean forest sites in order to determine species‐specific recruitment patterns. We analyse the most influential factors for seedling dynamics in the main co‐occurring woody plant species.

Results

We found a strong uncoupling between the canopy and the seedling layer, irrespective of the structural characteristics of the forest site. Some of the most dominant species in the overstorey, such as Quercus suber, Arbutus unedo or Pistacia lenticus, were scarcely represented as seedlings in the understorey, suggesting problems of recruitment limitation. In contrast, other shrub species, such as Viburnum tinus or Phillyrea latifolia, showed large seedling densities with a high probability of survival despite their low frequencies as adults in the canopy. Species composition and abundance in the seedling layer were the result of the combined effect of different mechanisms involving both seed dispersal and the environmental filtering of seedling establishment. However, the factors that determined seedling spatial patterns were inconsistent with those that influenced seedling survival, probably as a consequence of different habitat associations through subsequent recruitment life stages.

Conclusions

The community‐wide approach enabled us to detect substantial differences among species in their spatial and temporal recruitment patterns, as well as in the relative importance of factors affecting seedling dynamics. The differential effect that spatial micro‐heterogeneity exerted for each of the studied species suggests the existence of multiple species‐specific regeneration niches, favouring species co‐existence and the maintenance of these diverse forest communities. However, the observed recruitment limitation for some dominant forest species will probably result in future shifts in species composition.
Correlation of vitamin A nutritional status on alpha‐tocopherol in the colostrum of lactating women
Authors: de Lira Larissa Queiroz , Lima Mayara Santa Rosa , de Medeiros Jovilma Maria Soares , da Silva Isabelle Ferreira , Dimenstein Roberto
Published: November 2011

The adequate supply of vitamins A and E to newborns is essential. However, factors such as maternal nutritional status and nutrient interaction may limit its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to establish nutritional status for vitamins A and E and evaluate the correlation of retinol on colostrum alpha‐tocopherol in lactating women. A total of 103 lactating women were recruited at a Brazilian public maternity hospital. Fasting serum and colostrum samples were collected in the immediate post‐partum. Retinol and alpha‐tocopherol levels were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography and nutritional status for these vitamins was defined from specific cut‐off points for serum and colostrum. Mean serum and colostrum retinol (1.49 µmol L−1, 2.18 µmol L−1) and alpha‐tocopherol (26.4 µmol L−1, 26.1 µmol L−1) indicated satisfactory biochemical status. However, we found a prevalence of subclinical deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin E in serum (15.5% and 16%) and colostrum (50% and 60%). Lactating women with serum retinol ≥ 1.05 µmol L−1 showed an inverse correlation between serum retinol and alpha‐tocopherol concentration in the colostrum (P = 0.008, r = −0.28). This association was not observed in serum level < 1.05 µmol L−1. The nutritional status of lactating women for vitamins A and E was adequate, although there is a risk of subclinical deficiency. The negative correlation of serum retinol on alpha‐tocopherol concentration in the colostrum must be carefully evaluated in situations of vitamin A supplementation, because alpha‐tocopherol bioavailability in maternal milk may be compromised.
A scoping review and research synthesis on financing and regulating oral care in long‐term care facilities
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Kazanjian Arminee , Kozak Jean‐Francois , Hornby Kathy , Thorne Sally , Kettratad‐Pruksapong Matana
Published: November 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00575.x

A scoping review and research synthesis on financing and regulating oral care in long‐term care facilities

Background:  Oral health care for frail elders is grossly inadequate almost everywhere, and our knowledge of regulating and financing oral care in this context is unclear.

Objective:  This scoping study examined and summarised the published literature available and the gaps in knowledge about regulating and financing oral care in long‐term care (LTC) facilities.

Methods:  We limited the electronic search to reports on regulating and financing oral care, including reports, commentaries, reviews and policy statements on financing and regulating oral health‐related services.

Results:  The broad electronic search identified 1168 citations, which produced 42 references, including 26 pieces of grey literature for a total of 68 papers. Specific information was found on public and private funding of care and on difficulties regulating care because of professional segregation, difficulties assessing need for care, uncertainty on appropriateness of treatments and issues around scope of professional practice. A wide range of information along with 19 implications and 18 specific gaps in knowledge emerged relevant to financing and regulating oral healthcare services in LTC facilities.

Conclusions:  Effort has been given to enhancing oral care for frail elders, but there is little agreement on how the care should be regulated or financed within the LTC sector.
Residual ridge atrophy in complete denture wearers and relationship with densitometric values of a cervical spine: a hierarchical regression analysis
Authors: Kovačić Ivan , Knezović Zlatarić Dubravka , Čelebić Asja
Published: November 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00589.x

Residual ridge atrophy in complete denture wearers and relationship with densitometric values of a cervical spine: a hierarchical regression analysis

Background:  The rate of residual ridge atrophy (RRR) and its association with mineral density of other bones have not yet been fully explained.

Objective:  To measure RRR over a 5‐year period in complete denture wearers and relate it to the density of a cervical spine (CSBD).

Materials and methods:  Sixty‐two patients (different gender, age, body mass index, duration of edentulousness (DE) and different denture‐wearing habits) participated. A copper stepwedge was attached to the cassette, and 50 lateral radiograms met the criteria to be included.

Results:  A significant decrease in vertical height was observed in all measured sites. The amount of RRR was highest in frontal areas of both jaws and decreased gradually towards lateral regions. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the amount of RRR in the maxillary frontal area could be explained up to 48.4% by the variable DE and only up to 6.1% by the CSBD, while gender had almost no influence (1%). Similar results were obtained for the lateral maxillary RRR (33.9%; 7%; 2%), frontal mandibular RRR (40; 8.4; 0.4%) and lateral mandibular RRR (31.5%; 3.4%; 7.7%).

Conclusion:  Skeletal bone density, reflecting systemic and hereditary factors, is weakly related to RRR (3.4–8.4%).
A 3‐year longitudinal study of quality‐of‐life outcomes of elderly patients with implant‐ and tooth‐supported fixed partial dentures in posterior dental regions
Authors: Petricevic Nikola , Celebic Asja , Rener‐Sitar Ksenija
Published: November 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00592.x
 
A 3‐year longitudinal study of quality‐of‐life outcomes of elderly patients with implant‐ and tooth‐supported fixed partial dentures in posterior dental regions

Background:  Clinical studies have mainly been focused on oral health‐related quality‐of‐life (OHRQoL) outcomes of removable dentures.

Objective:  To evaluate therapy of elderly patients with implant‐supported fixed partial dentures (IFPD) and tooth‐supported fixed partial dentures (FPD) in the posterior dental regions.

Patients and methods:  The OHIP49 was used to measure OHRQoL in 64 patients with IFPD and 38 patients with FPD, before, 3 weeks and 3 years after rehabilitation. A control group (CG) consisted of 62 individuals.

Results:  The Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP) follow‐up scores of the patients with FPD and the patients with IFPD were significantly smaller in comparison with the baseline scores (p < 0.01). The OHIP scores were further reduced at the 3‐year follow‐up. The patients with IFPD had significantly higher scores than the patients with FPD and the CG at the baseline and at the follow‐ups. In the patients with FPD, both age groups (≤60 and >60) showed equal improvement of the OHRQoL. In the IFPD group, patients older than 60 years showed better improvement (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences dependent on gender and antagonistic teeth (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:  The FPD and the IFPD treatment showed significant improvement of OHRQoL. The FPD treatment improved OHRQoL equally in both age groups, while the IFPD treatment improved OHRQoL better in older patients.
PP3 forms stable tetrameric structures through hydrophobic interactions via the C‐terminal amphipathic helix and undergoes reversible thermal dissociation and denaturation
Authors: Pedersen Lise R. L. , Nielsen Søren B. , Hansted Jon G. , Petersen Torben E. , Otzen Daniel E. , Sørensen Esben S.
Published: November 2011

The milk protein proteose peptone component 3 (PP3), also called lactophorin, is a small phosphoglycoprotein that is expressed exclusively in lactating mammary tissue. The C‐terminal part of the protein contains an amphipathic helix, which, upon proteolytic liberation, shows antibacterial activity. Previous studies indicate that PP3 forms multimeric structures and inhibits lipolysis in milk. PP3 is the principal component of the proteose peptone fraction of milk. This fraction is obtained by heating and acidifying skimmed milk, and in the dairy industry milk products are also typically exposed to treatments such as pasteurization, which potentially could result in irreversible denaturation and inactivation of bioactive components. We show here, by the use of CD, that PP3 undergoes reversible thermal denaturation and that the α‐helical structure of PP3 remains stable even at gastric pH levels. This suggests that the secondary structure survives treatment during the purification and possibly some of the industrial processing of milk. Finally, asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation and multi‐angle light scattering reveal that PP3 forms a rather stable tetrameric complex, which dissociates and unfolds in guanidinium chloride. The cooperative unfolding of PP3 was completely removed by the surfactant n‐dodecyl‐β‐d‐maltoside and by oleic acid. We interpret this to mean that the PP3 monomers associate through hydrophobic interactions via the hydrophobic surface of the amphipathic helix. These observations suggest that PP3 tetramers act as reservoirs of PP3 molecules, which in the monomeric state may stabilize the milk fat globule.

Structured digital abstract

 PP3 and PP3 bind by circular dichroism (View interaction)

 PP3 and PP3 bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)

 PP3 and PP3 bind by fluorescence technology (View interaction)

 PP3 and PP3 bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)
MECHANISMS LINKING REALISTIC JOB PREVIEWS WITH TURNOVER: A META‐ANALYTIC PATH ANALYSIS
Authors: EARNEST DAVID R. , ALLEN DAVID G. , LANDIS RONALD S.
Published: November 2011

A meta‐analytic path analysis with k = 52 studies and sample size of roughly 17,000 showed that enhanced perceptions of organizational honesty is the primary mechanism by which realistic job previews (RJPs) influence voluntary turnover. This suggests revisions to RJP theory to incorporate social exchange and the way RJPs lead individuals to feel about the organization. Results assessing several new potential moderators of relationships between RJPs and turnover found that the most effective RJP design may be an oral or written RJP delivered posthire and designed to signal organizational honesty. We discuss several key theoretical and practical implications of the results based on a novel signaling theory perspective on RJPs.
STATUS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ENTRY: HOW ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL STATUS AFFECT JUSTICE PERCEPTIONS OF HIRING SYSTEMS
Authors: SUMANTH JOHN J. , CABLE DANIEL M.
Published: November 2011

Despite the fact that cognitive ability tests are highly predictive of job applicants’ future performance, these tests are often viewed as procedurally unfair by both hiring managers and job applicants. In this paper, we build on existing rationales by theorizing that status—both personal and organizational—may affect individuals’ procedural justice perceptions of selection tests. In 2 quasi‐experimental studies representing 435 managers and executives across both the United States and United Kingdom, we demonstrate that status is a double‐edged sword: helpful for high‐status organizations that use demanding selection tests to choose applicants but harmful because high‐status job applicants view these selection tests as more procedurally unjust than low‐status applicants.
The effects of selection for early and late reproduction on metabolite pools in Acanthoscelides obtectus Say
Authors: Lazarević Jelica , Tucić Nikola , Šešlija Jovanović Darka , Večeřa Josef , Kodrík Dalibor
Published: November 2011

Abstract  The present study was aimed at revealing the responses of metabolite pools to selection for alternative reproductive schedules in the seed beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). The levels of metabolites (free sugars, glycogen, lipids, soluble and hydrophobic proteins) that were determined in virgin females and males at three ages from adult eclosion onwards were compared among the base population (B) and two derived lines that were selected for either early (Y) or late (O) reproduction. The results showed differences in the accumulation of metabolites during pre‐adult development, as well as in the pattern of their changes during adult ageing. Generally, in comparison to the B population, the short‐lived beetles from the Y line showed increased protein content and reduced carbohydrate and lipid content, whereas the opposite was true for the long‐lived beetles from the O line. Females from the O line exhibited slower utilization of energy reserves and a slower increase in protein contents than females from the Y line. Females contained higher levels of free sugars, glycogen and hydrophobic proteins and lower levels of lipids and soluble proteins than males, although the sexual dimorphism was not evenly expressed among lines. Age‐specific changes in metabolite contents were slower in females than males. Our findings suggest that trade‐offs among capital resources are a physiological basis of early/late fitness trade‐offs and point to a conservation of resources that can be used for somatic maintenance.
On the X-ray low- and high-velocity outflows in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Ramírez J. M. , Tombesi F.
Published: November 2011

An exploration of the relationship between bolometric luminosity and outflow velocity for two classes of X-ray outflows in a large sample of active galactic nuclei has been performed. We find that line radiation pressure could be one physical mechanism that might accelerate the gas we observe in warm absorber, v ∼ 100–1000 km s−1, and on comparable but less stringent grounds the ultrafast outflows, v ∼ 0.03–0.3c. If comparable with the escape velocity of the system, the first is naturally located at distances of the dusty torus, ≈1 pc, and the second at subparsec scales, ≈0.01 pc, in accordance with large set of observational evidence existing in the literature. The presentation of this relationship might give us key clues for our understanding of the different physical mechanisms acting in the centre of galaxies, the feedback process and its impact on the evolution of the host galaxy.
Observational evidence for a correlation between jet power and black hole spin
Authors: Narayan Ramesh , McClintock Jeffrey E.
Published: November 2011

We show that the 5-GHz radio flux of transient ballistic jets in black hole binaries correlates with the dimensionless black hole spin parameter a* estimated via the continuum-fitting method. The data suggest that jet power scales either as the square of a* or as the square of the angular velocity of the horizon ΩH. This is the first direct evidence that jets may be powered by black hole spin energy. The observed correlation validates the continuum-fitting method of measuring spin. In addition, for those black holes that have well-sampled radio observations of ballistic jets, the correlation may be used to obtain rough estimates of their spins.
The radio core and jet in the broad absorption-line quasar PG 1700+518
Authors: Yang J. , Wu F. , Paragi Z. , An T.
Published: November 2011

The blueshifted broad absorption lines (BAL) or troughs are observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) when our line of sight is intercepted by a high-speed outflow (wind), likely originating in the accretion disc. The outflow or wind can shed light on the internal structure obscured by the AGN torus. Recently, it has been shown that this outflow is rotating in the BAL quasar PG 1700+518, further supporting the accretion disc origin of the wind. With the purpose of giving independent constraints on the wind geometry, we performed high-resolution European very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network (EVN) observations at 1.6 GHz in 2010. Combining the results with the Very Large Array (VLA) archival data at 8.4 GHz, we present its jet structure on scales of parsec (pc) to kiloparsec (kpc) for the first time. The source shows two distinct jet features in east–west direction with a separation of around 4 kpc. The eastern feature, which has so far been assumed to hide the core, is a kpc-scale hotspot, which is completely resolved out in the EVN image. In the western jet feature, we find a compact jet component, which pinpoints the position of the central black hole in the galaxy. Jet components on both sides of the core are additionally detected in the north-west–south-east direction, and they show a symmetric morphology on scale of <1 kpc. This two-sided jet feature is not common in the known BAL quasars and indicates that the jet axis is far away from the line of sight. Furthermore, it is nearly parallel to the scattering plane revealed earlier by optical polarimetry. By analogy to polar-scattered Seyfert 1 galaxies, we conclude that the jet likely has a viewing angle around 45°. The analogy is further supported by the recent report of significant cold absorption in the soft X-rays, a nearly unique feature to polar-scattered Seyfert galaxies. Finally, our observations have confirmed the earlier finding that the majority of radio emission in this galaxy arises from AGN activity rather than star formation.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of amiodarone in dogs with arrhythmias (from 2003 to 2010)
Authors: Pedro B. , López‐Alvarez J. , Fonfara S. , Stephenson H. , Dukes‐McEwan J.
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of amiodarone in dogs with refractory supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and to document the side effects in treated dogs.

Methods: Records of 28 dogs were retrospectively searched to document indication for amiodarone administration, heart rate, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone values before and after starting treatment and during follow‐up periods.

Results: Sixteen dogs with supraventricular and 12 dogs with ventricular arrhythmias were treated with amiodarone. Amiodarone treatment significantly reduced the heart rate (P<0.001) and resulted in improvement in the severity of the arrhythmia and clinical signs in 26 dogs. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (P=0.596), alanine aminotransferase (P=0.842), T4 (P=0.789) and thyroid stimulating hormone (P=0.064) before and after starting amiodarone. On maintenance therapy, median amiodarone blood levels were within the accepted reference range (0.5 to 2.0 mg/L) at 0.8 mg/L (range 0.2 to 11.6 mg/L), but the majority of the desethylamiodarone levels were below normal at 0.1 mg/L (range 0.1 to 0.9 mg/L), based on human reference intervals (0.5 to 2.0 mg/L).

Clinical Significance: Amiodarone may be an effective and safe alternative to treat supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in dogs, when common anti‐arrhythmic drugs are not effective or contraindicated.
Photophysical Characterization of 1,8 Naphthalimide in Micelle‐diblock Copolymer Nano‐composite: A Case of Morphological Transformation and Vesicle Formation
Authors: Manna Anamika , Chakravorti Sankar
Published: November 2011

This paper reports a morphological transition of the spherical colloidal structures of the sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyethylene‐b‐polyethylene glycol (SDS‐PE‐b‐PEG) complex and anionic micelle (SDS) to “rod‐shaped” colloidal structures induced by a charge transfer dye, 1,8‐naphthalimide (NAPMD) (forms anions in aqueous solution by intermolecular charge transfer). The distinct steady‐state results of NAPMD in the above two media point toward the formation of a new microenvironment. SDS and SDS‐PE‐b‐PEG form unilamellar (ULV) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV), respectively, along with the rod‐shaped colloidal structures as observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. This dye causes a variation in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio and forms a hydrogen bond with the copolymer in the SDS‐PE‐b‐PEG complex and subjected to electrostatic interaction with the SDS micelle in aqueous solution, which causes this morphological transformation. These vesicles show complete encapsulation of a hydrophobic dye in its interior as evident from the TEM images. ULV get ruptured at low pH, pointing toward their lower stability over MLV at low pH value. The formation of these vesicles with complete idea of its mechanism, encapsulation of bioactive molecules and its rupture at lower pH raise hope as a potential nanoscale vehicle for biologically relevant compounds and their release at low pH medium.
Rethinking ‘Loyalty’ in Eighteenth‐Century Britain
Authors: McCORMACK MATTHEW
Published: November 2011

This article explores the meanings and applications of the term ‘loyalty’ in Britain between 1688 and 1815. Political historians today employ the term in an instrumental way to connote obedience, nationalism, conservatism and monarchism: this finds its expression in the phenomenon of ‘loyalism’. This article instead argues that ‘loyalism’ was not a current term in the eighteenth century, and that ‘loyalty’ had specific meanings for different political groups. It could connote a religious, a legal or an emotional tie: as such, the changing concept of ‘loyalty’ is indicative of the shifting relationship between the individual and the state.
Optical Constants of Soot and Their Application to Heat-Flux Calculations
Authors: Dalzell W. H. , Sarofim A. F.
Published: November 2011

Data on the room temperature optical constants of soot are presented for the wavelength regions 0.4–0.8μ and 2.5–10.0/μ. Dispersion formulas are developed for interpolating the data between 0.8 and 2.5μ. The results are used to calculate the spectral absorption coefficient and the total emissivities of soot suspensions. It is shown that the correct values of the optical constants are needed in the use of light-scattering techniques for the measurement of the soot concentration but that uncertainties introduced in flux calculations by use of approximate values of the optical constants are not greater than those introduced by the present uncertainties in the values of the soot concentration.
Effect of Vibration on Heat Transfer for Flow Normal to a Cylinder
Authors: Faircloth J. M. , Schaetzle W. J.
Published: November 2011

An experimental investigation of the effect that surface vibrations have on the heat transfer by forced convection was studied. A no. 40 gauge wire was vibrated in the horizontal plane by a sinusoidal current and simultaneously exposed to a forced air current in the same plane. The frequency and amplitude of the wire vibration were varied within the ranges of 20 to 40 Hz and 0.3 to 0.5 in., respectively. The Reynolds number experienced by the wire varied between 0 and 15. The results of the investigation revealed that above a critical Reynolds number the instantaneous convective coefficient was increased from 20 to 30 percent.
Suppression of Cellular Convection by Lateral Walls
Authors: Edwards D. K.
Published: November 2011

An analysis is presented showing the effect on the critical Rayleigh number of inserting parallel vertical walls into a fluid heated from below. The walls are rigid (nonslippery) and thermally conducting to an arbitrary degree. Three-dimensional cellular convection between the walls is analyzed to determine the most unstable cell size, and the Rayleigh number for this cell size is calculated. It is shown that critical Rayleigh number based on either height or spacing can be made as large as may be desired by decreasing the spacing between vertical walls. At large height-to-spacing ratio with finite conducting walls a new form of the Rayleigh number is found to govern the stability. Experimental measurements are reported and compared to the analytical results.
Exploratory Studies of Free-Convection Heat Transfer Through an Enclosed Vertical Liquid Layer With a Vertical Baffle
Authors: Emery A. F.
Published: November 2011

Overall heat transfer measurements and temperature profiles were obtained for free convection in a narrow, vertical, two-dimensional layer with a vertical baffle. This configuration was chosen to model commonly used coolant channels in nuclear reactors. The results show that there is no appreciable reduction of the overall free-convection heat transfer, although fairly significant changes do occur in the local temperature profiles.
Thermal Radiation Effects on the Laminar Free Convection Boundary Layer of an Absorbing Gas
Authors: England W. G. , Emery A. F.
Published: November 2011

The effects of thermal radiation upon the laminar free convection boundary layer of a vertical flat plate were studied for absorbing and nonabsorbing gases. Experimental velocity and temperature profiles were obtained for a constant heat flux boundary condition in air and CO2 and these are compared to analytical calculations for optically thin gases and absorbing gray gases. A correlation is presented by which plate surface temperatures as a function of plate emissivity for optically thin gases may be predicted for use in determining the convective heat transfer through standard non-radiative film heat transfer correlations.
Numerical Solution for Combined Free and Forced Laminar Convection in Horizontal Rectangular Channels
Authors: Cheng K. C. , Hwang Guang-Jyh
Published: November 2011

Combined free and forced convection for steady fully developed laminar flow in horizontal rectangular channels under the thermal boundary conditions of axially uniform wall heat flux and peripherally uniform wall temperature at any axial position is approached by the method of successive overrelaxation. The convergence of the numerical solution is ascertained. Graphical results are presented for streamlines, isotherms, w/w0 versus Re Ra, f Re/(f Re)0 versus Re Ra, and Nu/Nu0 versus Re Ra for the aspect ratios γ = 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 and Pr = 0.73. For square channels, velocity and temperature distributions for Pr = 0.73 and heat transfer results for Pr = 7.2 are also presented.
An Evaluation of the Differential Approximation for Spherically Symmetric Radiative Transfer
Authors: Dennar E. A. , Sibulkin M.
Published: November 2011

The problem of radiative transfer between concentric spheres enclosing a gray gas has been solved for the case of unequal temperature walls with uniform heat generation in the gas by using a differential approximation based upon half-range moments. Comparison of the results with exact calculations illustrates the deficiencies of the differential approximation for the spherically symmetric case. Large errors exist in the optically thin limit for walls of different temperature. Smaller but appreciable errors are also found at all optical depths for equal temperature walls with heat generation in the gas.
Fault-Distribution Dependent Reliable Control for T-S Fuzzy Time-Delayed Systems
Authors: Gu Zhou , Liu Jinliang , Peng Chen , Tian Engang
Published: November 2011

The problem of reliable control for T-S fuzzy time-delayed systems is investigated in this paper. A more practical and general actuator-fault-model is proposed by assuming that actuators fault obeys a certain probabilistic distribution. In order to get less conservative results, the state-delay is segmentalized into several continuous equivalent subintervals in constructing the Lyapunov function and stochastic fault information is also introduced in deriving the results. Sufficient conditions for the existence of reliable controller are expressed by a set of linear matrix inequalities. Illustrative examples are exploited to show the effectiveness of the proposed design procedures.
Resonant Frequencies in Web Process Lines Due to Idle Rollers and Spans
Authors: Pagilla P. R. , Diao Y.
Published: November 2011

This paper presents the results of a study on the resonant frequencies of a system of idle rollers and web spans. A simple linear model that describes the behavior of tension in a web span is considered. It is shown experimentally on a web platform that the simple model is capable of predicting resonant frequencies in an idler system consisting of idle rollers and spans between two driven rollers. This model is used to investigate the behavior of the minimum resonant frequency as a function of the number of idle rollers and span lengths. Analytical solutions for computing the minimum resonant frequency for the one-idler system (one idle roller and two spans) and the two-idler system (two idle rollers and three spans) are given. Discussions on how to maximize the minimum resonant frequency for two-, three-, and four-idler systems based on numerical analysis are also given. An analytical approximation of the minimum resonant frequency for equal span lengths and any number of idle rollers is derived. This approximation is a lower bound on the minimum resonant frequency and tends to converge to it, with the increase in the number of idle rollers. This is useful in getting a quick and reliable estimate of the minimum resonant frequency in festoons/accumulators which contain many idle rollers and web spans of equal lengths. The results of this study are expected to be useful to the web machine designer and developers of web tension control systems.
Friction Hysteresis Modeling and Force Control in a Constrained Single-link Arm
Authors: Bazaei A. , Moallem M.
Published: November 2011

In this paper, we study friction characteristics of a constrained planar single-link arm in applications, where control of the end-point interaction force is required. The objective is to improve performance of a force control system by developing an adequate friction model. It is shown that hub friction increases with the applied force with the end-point force exhibiting significant hysteresis behavior. A friction model is presented for capturing these phenomena and compared with the widely used LuGre friction model. Effectiveness of the proposed model for friction compensation is further examined on an experimental force control system testbed.
Protuberances in a Turbulent Thermal Boundary Layer
Authors: Mart Steven R. , McClain Stephen T.
Published: November 2011

Recent efforts to evaluate the effects of isolated protuberances within velocity and thermal boundary layers have been performed using transient heat transfer approaches. While these approaches provide accurate and highly resolved measurements of surface flux, measuring the state of the thermal boundary layer during transient tests with high spatial resolution presents several challenges. As such, the heat transfer enhancement evaluated during transient tests is presently correlated to a Reynolds number based either on the distance from the leading edge or on the momentum thickness. Heat flux and temperature variations along the surface of a turbine blade may cause significant differences between the shapes and sizes of the velocity and thermal boundary layer profiles. Therefore, correlations are needed which relate the states of both the velocity and thermal boundary layers to protuberance and roughness distribution heat transfer. In this study, a series of three experiments are performed for various freestream velocities to investigate the local temperature details of protuberances interacting with thermal boundary layers. The experimental measurements are performed using isolated protuberances of varying thermal conductivity on a steadily heated, constant flux flat plate. In the first experiment, detailed surface temperature maps are recorded using infrared thermography. In the second experiment, the unperturbed velocity profile over the plate without heating is measured using hot-wire anemometry. Finally, the thermal boundary layer over the steadily heated plate is measured using a thermocouple probe. Because of the constant flux experimental configuration, the protuberances provide negligible heat flux augmentation. Consequently, the variation in protuberance temperature is investigated using the velocity boundary layer parameters, the thermal boundary layer parameters, and the local fluid temperature at the protuberance apices. A comparison of results using plastic and steel protuberances illuminates the importance of the shape of the thermal and velocity boundary layers in determining the minimum protuberance temperatures.
Flow
and Heat Transfer of Jeffrey Fluid Over a Continuously Moving Surface With a Parallel Free
Stream
Authors: Hayat T. , Iqbal Z. , Mustafa M. , Obaidat S.
Published: November 2011

This communication studies the flow and heat transfer characteristics over a continuously moving surface in the presence of a free stream velocity. The Jeffrey fluid is treated as a rheological model. The series expressions of velocity and temperature fields are constructed by applying the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The influence of emerging parameters such as local Deborah number (β), the ratio of relaxation and retardation times (λ2), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the Eckert number (Ec) on the velocity and temperature profiles are presented in the form of graphical and tabulated results for different values of λ. It is found that the boundary layer thickness is an increasing function of local Deborah number (β). However, the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with the increasing values of local Deborah number (β).
Parameter Identification for Electrohydraulic Valvetrain Systems
Authors: Gray James , Krstic Miroslav , Chaturvedi Nalin
Published: November 2011

We consider an electrohydraulic valve system (EHVS) model with uncertain parameters that may possibly vary with time. This is a nonlinear third order system consisting of two clearly separated subsystems, one for the piston position and the other for the chamber pressure. The nonlinearities involved are flow-pressure characteristics of the solenoid valves, the pressure dynamics of the chamber due to varying volume, and a variable damping nonlinearity. We develop a parametric model that is linear in the unknown parameters of the system using filtering. We deal with a nonlinear parameterization in the variable damping term using the Taylor approximation. We design a parameter identifier, which employs a continuous-time unnormalized least-squares update law with a forgetting factor. This update law exponentially converges to the true parameters under a persistence of excitation condition, which is satisfied due to the periodic regime of operation of EHVS. We present simulation results that show good following of unknown parameters even with the presence of sensor noise.
Experimental Investigation of a Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Ferrofluid (Magnetic Nanofluid)
Authors: Mohammadi Maziar , Mohammadi Mohammad , Shafii M. B.
Published: November 2011

In this work, a four-turn pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is fabricated and tested experimentally. The novelty of the present PHP is the capability to obtain various thermal performances at a specific heat input by changing the magnetic field. The effects of working fluid (water and ferrofluid), charging ratio (40% and 70%), heat input (35, 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 W), orientation (horizontal and vertical heat mode), ferrofluid volumetric concentration (2.5% and 7%), and magnetic field on the thermal performance of PHPs are investigated. The results showed that applying the magnetic field on the water-based ferrofluid reduced the thermal resistance of PHP in all orientations. In the presence of a magnetic field, the best thermal performance was achieved at the higher charging ratios (70%) in all orientations.
Temperature mapping using single wavelength pyrometry during epitaxial growth
Authors: Paquette Bernard , Gsib Badii , Arès Richard
Published: November 2011

Epitaxial substrate temperature remains one of the most important parameters to control during deposition for the production of heterostructures with a high level of quality and uniformity. To this end, full wafer temperature measurement offers a powerful way to obtain information on the epitaxial process. This article presents a simple method to obtain in situ temperature mappings over a 4 in. wafer using a low-cost commercially available CCD camera as a single wavelength pyrometer in the near-infrared wavelength range. By correlating this pyrometric measurement with an independent temperature measurement, the emissivity at a single point can be extracted during epitaxial growth and is then used to correct temperature mappings under certain conditions.
Effect of pulsed deposition of Al2O3 for native oxides reduction of GaAs by atomic layer deposition technique
Authors: Konda R. B. , Mundle R. , Bamiduro O. , Dondapati H. , Bahoura M. , Pradhan A. K. , Donley C.
Published: November 2011

The reduction of native oxides on GaAs substrates is studied by predeposition cleaning as well as by short time pulsing of the metal precursor for the self-cleaning mechanism using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of trimethyl aluminum (TMA). The role of the predeposition cleaning followed by ALD application has significant effects in restraining the regrowth of native oxides. The short time pulsing of the TMA is effective for the self-cleaning mechanism to reduce the intensity of GaAs native oxides. The reduction in native oxides on GaAs surface during ALD of TMA was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron studies demonstrated that the pulsed deposition of TMA in the range of 2 to 4 s is the most effective way of cleaning the GaAs native oxides. Our studies demonstrate a full proof self-cleaning process for GaAs wafers for any potential applications.
Production, Secretion, and Cell Surface Display of Recombinant Sporosarcina ureae S-Layer Fusion Proteins in Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Knobloch Denise , Ostermann Kai , Rödel Gerhard
Published: November 2011

Monomolecular crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) have broad application potential in nanobiotechnology due to their ability to generate functional supramolecular structures. Here, we report that
Bacillus megaterium
is an excellent host organism for the heterologous expression and efficient secretion of hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged versions of the S-layer protein SslA from
Sporosarcina ureae
ATCC 13881. Three chimeric proteins were constructed, comprising the precursor, C-terminally truncated, and N- and C-terminally truncated forms of the S-layer SslA protein tagged with the human influenza hemagglutinin epitope. For secretion of fusion proteins, the open reading frames were cloned into the
Escherichia coli-Bacillus megaterium
shuttle vector pHIS1525. After transformation of the respective plasmids into
Bacillus megaterium
protoplasts, the recombinant genes were successfully expressed and the proteins were secreted into the growth medium. The isolated S-layer proteins are able to assemble
in vitro
into highly ordered, crystalline, sheetlike structures with the fused HA tag accessible to antibody. We further show by fluorescent labeling that the secreted S-layer fusion proteins are also clustered on the cell envelope of
Bacillus megaterium
, indicating that the cell surface can serve
in vivo
as a nucleation point for crystallization. Thus, this system can be used as a display system that allows the dense and periodic presentation of S-layer proteins or the fused tags.