bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Iliotibial Band Release in Snapping Hip
Authors: Zini Raul , Munegato Daniele , De Benedetto Massimo , Carraro Andrea , Bigoni Marco
Published: March 2013

Several open surgical techniques have been used to treat recalcitrant cases of snapping iliotibial band with varying results. Recently, endoscopic techniques have become available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of a modified endoscopic iliotibial band release using a longitudinal retrospective case series.

Fifteen patients (three men and 12 women) with symptomatic external snapping hip were treated with an endoscopic release of the iliotibial band. The average age was 25 years (range 16-37 years). The procedure was performed in the lateral decubitus position using two portals; the iliotibial band was transversally released using a radiofrequency hook probe. The mean follow-up period was 33.8 months (range 12-84 months).

The snapping phenomenon was overcome in all the patients. The mean pre-op pain VAS score was 5.5 mm (range 5-7 mm) and the mean post-op pain VAS score was 0.53 mm (range 0-2 mm) with a statistically significant reduction with respect to the pre-operative value (p<0.0001); sixty percent of the patients were pain-free. The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score was 97.5 (range 94-100). No revision procedures were indicated and all the patients returned to their previous level of activity. The mean patient satisfaction score was, on average, 9.3 mm (range 8-10 mm) on the VAS scale. No complications occurred.

Endoscopic iliotibial band release is a safe and reproducible technique with excellent results in terms of snapping phenomenon resolution, patient satisfaction, and return to previous level of activity. After strenuous sporting activities 40% of patients complained of very slight pain.
Posterior Wall Reconstruction using Intertrochanteric Crest Strut Graft in Comminuted Posterior Acetabular Wall Fractures
Authors: Sun Buhua , Li Kanghua , Zhu Yong , Long Haitao
Published: March 2013

Posterior wall fractures are the most common acetabular fractures. Despite being frequently the easiest to treat, posterior acetabular wall reconstruction following such injuries can be challenging. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a new surgical technique using gluteus medius muscle-pedicled intertrochanteric crest graft for the reconstruction of comminuted posterior acetabular wall fractures where primary comminuted fragments were beyond fixation. This technique has been performed on six patients from 2010 to 2012. The radiologic (Matta score) and clinical evaluation (modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score) were recorded at their final follow-up.

The mean follow-up was 15.2 months. The radiological outcome by plain radiographs was graded as anatomical in all six patients, the clinical outcome by modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score was considered to be excellent in two patients, good in four.

Reconstruction of the posterior acetabular wall using gluteus medius muscle-pedicled intertrochanteric crest graft may be appropriate in some instances. The early radiological and clinical results of this new technique were promising.
Are Crutches Required after Hip Arthroscopy? a Case-Control Study
Authors: Jayasekera Narlaka , Aprato Alessandro , Villar Richard N.
Published: March 2013

Hip arthroscopy provides a less invasive alternative to arthrotomy and has the potential for more rapid rehabilitation. Few guidelines exist for rehabilitation after hip arthroscopic surgery. However, these are not corroborated with evidence of objective outcome measures. In particular, the period for which crutches should be used is imprecisely explained, if explained at all. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not crutch use is required after hip arthroscopic surgery, and if so, for how long.

We compare a postoperative regimen of four weeks partial weight bearing on crutches (Group 1, n = 85) with a regimen that permitted patients to fully weight bear immediately after surgery if comfort allowed (Group 2, n = 80). We used the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) as an outcome measure at six weeks and six months after surgery. For Group 1, the mean duration of crutch use was 28.2 days and the mean postoperative mHHS at six weeks and six months showed significant improvement compared with pre-operatively. For Group 2 the mean duration of crutch use was 13.4 days and the mean postoperative mHHS at six weeks and six months also showed significant improvement compared with pre-operatively. The results demonstrated no significant difference in postoperative mHHS between the two groups at six weeks and six months after surgery.

There thus appears to be no need to enforce a defined period of partial weight bearing on crutches after hip arthroscopic surgery, irrespective of the procedure undertaken.
Evaluation of Pre-Operative Hip Range of Motion under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Fujishiro Takaaki , Hayashi Shinya , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Hashimoto Shingo , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kanno Taiki , Masuda Takeshi
Published: March 2013

Hip range of motion (ROM) may be an important pre-operative variable, however, measurement of hip ROM can be affected by various factors. The purposes of this study were to compare conventional pre-operative ROM measurements with those measurements obtained under general anaesthesia, and to better define the associations between pre-operative hip ROM, and demographic, functional, and diagnostic variables.

Conventional pre-operative hip ROM and ROM under general anaesthesia were prospectively measured in 471 hips. Harris pain score, the Crowe classification, and the diagnosis were also investigated. The hip ROM in all directions under general anaesthesia was significantly greater than conventional pre-operative hip ROM. There were correlations between conventional pre-operative hip ROM and the Harris hip pain score. Hip ROM with Crowe type I deformity under anaesthesia was significantly greater than in hips with type II, III or IV. ROM under anaesthesia of osteonecrosis hips was significantly greater than osteoarthritis and dislocated hips. Conventional pre-operative ROM in men was greater in flexion and external rotation compared to women. Internal rotation motion in women in both conventional pre-operative ROM and ROM under anaesthesia was greater than in men.

Hip pain, Crowe classification and diagnosis could influence pre-operative hip ROM. Measurement of hip ROM under general anaesthesia could better reflect true ROM compared to measurement without anaesthesia.
Anti-Westernism on the European Periphery: The Meaning of Soviet-Turkish Convergence in the 1930s
Authors: Hirst Samuel J.
Published: March 2013

A number of recent comparative works have drawn attention to parallels and similarities between the Soviet Union and the early Turkish Republic. In this article, Samuel J. Hirst takes a firmly transnational approach to Soviet-Turkish interactions in the 1930s to demonstrate that the similarities were not merely circumstantial. The manifest ideological conflict between nationalist Turks and internationalist Bolsheviks has led many historians to dismiss Soviet- Turkish cooperation as a necessary response to geopolitics, a pragmatic alliance against the west. Hirst argues that opposition to the western-dictated international order was a coherent element in Soviet-Turkish exchanges that stretched beyond diplomacy into the economic and cultural spheres. The antiwestern elements of Soviet-Turkish relations suggest that convergence was more than a case of homologous responses to similar conditions; it was part of a broader narrative that, in the Soviet case at least, continued to shape international relations beyond World War II.
Amnesia and the Externalized Personality in Early Dostoevskii
Authors: Corrigan Yuri
Published: March 2013

By tracing a pattern through Fedor Dostoevskii's early stories–especially The Double, “The Landlady,” andNetochka Nezvanova–in which characters are bound to each other as interacting aspects of a larger personality, Yuri Corrigan explores the problem of individual identity. Entering into debate with classical studies of the self in Dostoevskii from Mikhail Bakhtin to Nikolai Berdiaev, Corrigan explores how the active suppression of memory and interiority in Dostoevskii's early characters gives rise to the mechanism of intersecting selves, in which the inner architecture of one personality is extended throughout numerous consciousnesses. Through an analysis of these relationships, Corrigan examines how Dostoevskii synthesizes two traditions of doubling in his early writing–the “cognitive” dualism of self-consciousness and the “psychic” dualism of the unconscious–to form a tripartite model of personality that will be important for his later novels.
L’articulation des temps sociaux dans la profession d’assistant social : une question d’engagement subjectif
Authors: Laloy David
Published: March 2013

En Belgique, les assistants sociaux travaillent en général dans des horaires standards qui correspondent aux rythmes macrosociaux. Ils seraient donc dans des conditions favorables à une articulation des temps sociaux harmonieuse. Cependant, cette articulation a une double dimension pratique et subjective. Cette deuxième dimension concerne particulièrement les assistants sociaux étant donné le caractère subjectivement impliquant de leur pratique. L’article propose d’analyser les caractéristiques spécifiques de l’engagement de ces professionnels (la « nature du travail » et les « représentations » associées à la pratique) et d’en élucider les implications quant à la manière d’articuler les temps.
L’analyse de l’articulation des temps de vie au sein de la profession médicale en France : révélateur ou miroir grossissant des spécificités sexuées ?
Authors: Le Feuvre Nicky , Lapeyre Nathalie
Published: March 2013

Cet article vise à identifier quelques-uns des écueils analytiques qui surgissent lors de recherches sur les pratiques et aspirations en matière d’articulation des temps de vie au sein d’un groupe professionnel particulier, celui des médecins. Caractérisée par de très longues durées du travail, la profession médicale offre également une grande « souveraineté temporelle ». Si l’éthos de la profession médicale a longtemps été fondé sur un principe de « disponibilité permanente », plusieurs facteurs participent à une remise en question de ce socle historique des identités professionnelles, surtout chez les jeunes générations de médecins des deux sexes. Toutefois, ce changement ne s’exprime pas toujours dans les mêmes registres : en situation d’entretien, les femmes évoquent plus spontanément des aspirations « d’équilibre » des temps professionnels et familiaux, alors que les hommes revendiquent la recherche d’un « équilibre » individuel, par le truchement de loisirs personnels. Reste à savoir dans quelle mesure ces différences discursives renvoient effectivement à des pratiques sexuées spécifiques ou traduisent plutôt un mécanisme d’ajustement des récits aux injonctions normatives qui continuent de peser sur l’acceptabilité sociale des pratiques (et aspirations) masculines et féminines en matière d’articulation des temps de vie.
Violences conjugales dans l’espace familial : que fait-on des enfants ? Pratiques professionnelles au croisement des champs de la protection de l’enfance et des violences conjugales
Authors: Déroff Marie-Laure , Potin Émilie
Published: March 2013

En France, l’exposition des enfants aux violences conjugales est apparue récemment comme une préoccupation dans la lutte contre les violences faites aux femmes. Cette prise en compte appelle une action coordonnée entre les champs des violences conjugales et de la protection de l’enfance. Une recherche menée auprès des acteurs concernés a permis de mieux saisir les pratiques et les représentations afférentes. L’article identifie différentes figures de l’enfant référant, d’une part, à la place qui lui est faite dans le traitement social des violences conjugales et, d’autre part, à la manière dont l’exposition aux violences conjugales est considérée dans le cadre de mesures le visant prioritairement. Ces figures sont l’enfant symptôme, l’enfant repère et l’enfant trait d’union. L’action des professionnels est également guidée par ce qu’ils identifient des risques encourus par l’enfant. Si les risques identifiés sont largement associés à la séparation des parents, ils sont perçus comme accentués par le contexte d’exposition aux violences conjugales.
Les pratiques collaboratives : nouveau fétichisme ou « praxis » renouvelée dans le champ de la santé mentale des enfants ? De la nécessité d’une halte dans l’instant des sens
Authors: Ndiaye Léna Diamé , St-Onge Myreille
Published: March 2013

Cet article tente de faire une relecture des pratiques collaboratives en tant que nouveaux modes d’appréhension de « l’être ensemble et le faire ensemble » dans le champ de la santé mentale de l’enfant. Il a une visée théorique et non empirique. Nous souhaitons surtout amorcer une réflexion sur les pratiques collaboratives en partant du service social en tant que discipline reposant sur le don et le contre-don, donc disposant de leviers pour relier les professions au chevet de l’enfant. Il s’agit aussi de proposer une pause pour s’extirper des lieux communs et réinterroger les concepts reliés aux pratiques collaboratives centrées sur l’enfant. L’article est subdivisé en quatre parties qui poursuivent chacune des objectifs différents. Dans un premier temps nous abordons la santé mentale de l’enfant en tant que champ à définir dans un espace théorique et de pratique d’essence collaborative. La deuxième partie a été l’occasion pour nous de tenter une nouvelle exploration sémantique des concepts de collaboration et de partenariat. La troisième partie présente le service social dans sa fonction de passeur de sens dans l’enjeu d’un travail collaboratif centré sur l’enfant. La quatrième partie illustre le travail collaboratif en posant les cadres de pratique processuels dans le champ de la santé mentale de l’enfant.
Célébrer la diversité au Museum of the African Diaspora. La question de l’(auto)représentation culturelle au sein de l’espace muséal contemporain
Authors: Martin Alexandra
Published: March 2013

Cet article pose un regard critique sur une jeune institution muséale qui cherche encore à définir son identité, le Museum of the African Diaspora (MoAD), situé à San Francisco (É.-U.). Le MoAD se définit comme un « first voice museum » et désire rendre compte des expériences de la diaspora africaine. Or, force est de constater que la catégorisation du Musée est au coeur du conflit identitaire de l’institution. En effet, la notion de « first voice » est plutôt ambivalente, et la question de savoir quelle est cette voix première se trouve au centre du débat identitaire du MoAD. Est-ce la voix des Afro-Américains, des communautés diasporiques noires, ou de tout un chacun ? Est-elle plurielle ? Les réponses à ces questions ne font pas l’unanimité au MoAD. La présente étude cherche à savoir comment l’identité ethnoculturelle des peuples de la diaspora africaine est dépeinte dans un tel contexte.
L’action collective au sein des alliances syndicales internationales : deux études de cas contrastées
Authors: Hennebert Marc-Antonin , Dufour-Poirier Mélanie
Published: March 2013

Une des principales innovations syndicales en matière de régulation sociale des firmes transnationales réside dans l’émergence d’alliances syndicales internationales visant à fournir un espace de concertation et de développement de stratégies communes aux syndicats représentant les travailleurs d’une même firme. Sur la base de deux études de cas menées au sein de deux multinationales de différents secteurs et d’un corpus empirique incluant plus d’une centaine d’entretiens avec des syndicalistes de différents pays, cet article analyse la construction de l’action collective syndicale au sein de ces alliances. Partant de trois clés de lecture découlant d’autant de théories classiques de l’action collective – soit la théorie de la mobilisation des ressources, celle de la régulation sociale ainsi que celle dite de la structure d’opportunités politiques –, cet article met en relief certains facteurs déterminants du développement de cette action au sein des alliances syndicales internationales. Au-delà de l’importance pour les acteurs d’investir des ressources dans ces alliances, on observe que la formalisation organisationnelle de ces dernières, par l’intermédiaire de la définition de certaines règles d’organisation et la création de « centres » décisionnels, peut jouer un rôle déterminant dans leur propension à initier des actions collectives. Notre étude souligne également l’importance pour les acteurs syndicaux impliqués de définir un projet commun mobilisateur qui donne à la fois une cible et un sens aux actions planifiées. Au final, étant donné le bilan contrasté pouvant être tiré de ces deux cas, cet article met en lumière à la fois l’importante contribution potentielle de ces alliances au renouveau syndical mais aussi les nombreux obstacles qui se posent au développement de l’action syndicale internationale.
The Effects of a Training Levy on Training Characteristics and Outcomes: The Case of Quebec
Authors: Gagnon Marie-Eve , Smith Michael
Published: March 2013

In this article, we compare the characteristics of workplace-provided training and its effects on wages in Quebec with other Canadian provinces. It is widely argued that training tends to be under-provided by employers. The institutions of training provision vary across Canada. Quebec is most distinct. With Law 90, it attempted to address what was seen as a distinctly severe problem of under-supply; it required that firms invest a specified proportion of their sales in training or turn over the difference between what they spent and the specified proportion to the government. We use data from the Workplace and Employee Survey to explore the possible effects of this measure. There are differences between Quebec and the other provinces in the incidence of on-the-job and formal training, and in the relations between training and the wage rate. In Quebec, the incidence of on-the-job training is distinctly low and the use of external training providers distinctly high. We suggest that these outcomes are encouraged by Law 90, which encourages employers to use readily documentable forms of training. We also find that the association between on-the-job training and the wage rate is much stronger in Quebec than in the comparator provinces. We argue that this is probably because, being less abundantly provided, on-the-job training is likely to be provided to employees who, on average, are more talented than their counterparts in the rest of Canada. We set our discussion of the possible effects of Law 90 in the context of a broader consideration of the relation between institutions and training choices and outcomes, including international comparison.
Factors Associated with Childhood Depression in Saskatoon Students: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Jin Shan , Muhajarine Nazeem , Cushon Jennifer , Lim Hyun J.
Published: March 2013

This study examined links between depression and multilevel factors among children from Saskatoon elementary schools. A total of 4,200 students participated in the Saskatoon Student Health Survey conducted in 2008–9. Covariates included demographics and family structure, relationships, physical activity, bullying experiences, and school refusal behaviours. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to examine the impact of individual-level and school-level (contextual) factors. The study revealed that depression disparity existed among schools, and students’ school refusal behaviours such as skipping or being suspended from school were among the main factors contributing to the disparity between schools.
Template‐Free Sol‐Gel Preparation of Superhydrophobic ORMOSIL Films for Double‐Wavelength Broadband Antireflective Coatings
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Cai Shuang , You Dan , Yan Liang‐Hong , Lv Hai‐Bing , Yuan Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Bo
Published: March 2013

A double‐layer double‐wavelength antireflective (AR) coating with 100% transmittance at both 1064 nm and 532 nm, which is very important in high power laser systems, is designed using thin film design software (TFCalc). The refractive indices for the bottom and top layers of the designed AR coating are about 1.30 and 1.14. A simple, template‐free sol‐gel route is proposed to prepare the superhydrophobic ORMOSIL (organically modified silicate) thin film, which has an ultralow refractive index, by silica particle surface modification using hexamethylisilazane (HMDS); this treatment decreases the refractive index of the silica thin film from 1.23 to 1.13. The formation mechanism of the ultralow refractive index thin film is proposed. The particle surface modification with HMDS significantly improves the hydrophobicity of the coated film; the water contact angle of the film increases from 23.4° to 160°. The bottom layer, which has a refractive index of 1.30, is prepared from acid‐catalyzed and base‐catalyzed mixed silica sol. A double‐layer silica AR coating is obtained with transmittances of 99.6% and 99.8% at 532 nm and 1064 nm, respectively.
Fully Biodegradable Airway Stents Using Amino Alcohol‐Based Poly(ester amide) Elastomers
Authors: Wang Jane , Boutin Kyle G. , Abdulhadi Omar , Personnat Lyndia D. , Shazly Tarek , Langer Robert , Channick Colleen L. , Borenstein Jeffrey T.
Published: March 2013

Airway stents are often used to maintain patency of the tracheal and bronchial passages in patients suffering from central airway obstruction caused by malignant tumors, scarring, and injury. Like most conventional medical implants, they are designed to perform their functions for a limited period of time, after which surgical removal is often required. Two primary types of airway stents are in general use, metal mesh devices and elastomeric tubes; both are constructed using permanent materials, and must be removed when no longer needed, leading to potential complications. This paper describes the development of process technologies for bioresorbable prototype elastomeric airway stents that would dissolve completely after a predetermined period of time or by an enzymatic triggering mechanism. These airway stents are constructed from biodegradable elastomers with high mechanical strength, flexibility and optical transparency. This work combines microfabrication technology with bioresorbable polymers, with the ultimate goal of a fully biodegradable airway stent ultimately capable of improving patient safety and treatment outcomes.
Enzyme‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Efficient Antibacterial Agents In Vivo
Authors: Li Li‐li , Wang Hao
Published: March 2013

Despite the fact that pathogenic infections are widely treated by antibiotics in the clinic nowadays, the increasing risk of multidrug‐resistance associated with abuse of antibiotics is becoming a major concern in global public health. The increased death toll caused by pathogenic bacterial infection calls for effective antibiotic alternatives. Lysozyme‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs⊂Lys) are reported as antibacterial agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo with low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic side effect. The Lys corona provides multivalent interaction between MSNs⊂Lys and bacterial walls and consequently raises the local concentration of Lys on the surface of cell walls, which promotes hydrolysis of peptidoglycans and increases membrane‐perturbation abilities. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of MSNs⊂Lys is fivefold lower than that of free Lys in vitro. The antibacterial efficacy of MSNs⊂Lys is evaluated in vivo by using an intestine‐infected mouse model. Experimental results indicate that the number of bacteria surviving in the colon is three orders of magnitude lower than in the untreated group. These natural antibacterial enzyme‐modified nanoparticles open up a new avenue for design and synthesis of next‐generation antibacterial agents as alternatives to antibiotics.
Charge Carrier Dynamics in a Ternary Bulk Heterojunction System Consisting of P3HT, Fullerene, and a Low Bandgap Polymer
Authors: Koppe Markus , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Clodic Ewan , Morana Mauro , Lüer Larry , Troeger Anna , Sgobba Vito , Guldi Dirk M. , Ameri Tayebeh , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: March 2013

The photoresponse of P3HT:PC61BM based organic solar cells can be enhanced by blending the bulk heterojunction with the low band gap polymer Si‐ PCPDTBT. Organic solar cells containing the resulting ternary blend as the photoactive layer deliver short circuit currents of up to 15.5 mA cm−2. Morphological studies show modest phase separation without the perturbation of the crystallinity of the P3HT:PC61BM matrix, in accordance with the measured acceptable fill factors. Picosecond time‐resolved pump‐probe spectroscopy reveals that the sensitization of P3HT:PC61BM with Si‐PCPDTBT involves the transfer of photogenerated positive polarons from the low band gap polymer to P3HT within few hundreds of picoseconds. Intensity dependent experiments in combination with global fitting show that the charge transfer from Si‐PCPDTBT to P3HT competes with non‐geminate charge carrier recombination of the holes in the Si‐PCPDTBT phase with electrons in the PC61BM phase, both processes being of diffusive nature. At excitation densities corresponding to steady state conditions under one sun, modelling predicts hole transfer efficiencies exceeding 90%, in accordance with IQE measurements. At higher pump intensities, bimolecular recombination suppresses the hole transfer process effectively.
Prevalence of obesity among Inuit in Greenland and temporal trend by social position
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Jørgensen Marit E. ,   The Greenland Population Study Group
Published: March 2013

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to analyze the temporal trend of obesity among Inuit in Greenland during 1993–2010 according to sex and relative social position.

Methods

Data (N = 5,123) were collected in cross‐sectional health surveys among the Inuit in Greenland in 1993–1994, 1999–2001, and 2005–2010. Sociodemographic information was obtained by interview. Information on obesity (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference) was obtained by clinical examination and in 1993–1994 by interview. Statistics included multiple linear regression and Univariate General Linear Models.

Results

Among men the prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–29.9) decreased while general obesity (BMI ≥ 30) did not change. Central obesity increased from 16.0% in 1993–1994 to 25.4% in 2005–2010 (P < 0.001). Among women general and central obesity increased. Central obesity increased from 31.3% in 1993–1994 to 54.2% in 2005–2010 (P < 0.001). In 2005–2010 both general and central obesity showed significantly increasing trends with social position (general obesity: P < 0.001 for men, P = 0.04 for women; central obesity: P < 0.001 for both men and women). The social trend was absent in the earlier surveys.

Conclusion

General and central obesity is increasing among the Inuit in Greenland. There is an increasing positive association of obesity with social position for both men and women. The high prevalence of obesity is a serious public health problem that is expected to affect the already high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:335–340, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computerbasiertes Enzymdesign
Authors: Kiss Gert , Çelebi‐Ölçüm Nihan , Moretti Rocco , Baker David , Houk K. N.
Published: March 2013

Der “Inside‐Out”‐Ansatz des computerbasierten Enzymdesigns vereint die neuesten Entwicklungen im Bereich der Computerchemie und ‐biologie. In diesem Rahmen ist es möglich geworden, Proteine zur Katalyse von Reaktionen herzustellen, für die es in der Natur kein Pendant gibt. Die Erfolgsrate ist gegenwärtig gering, sodass nur ein Bruchteil dieser Konzeptproteine zum Schluss wie geplant funktioniert. Errungenschaften, aber auch Beschränkungen der gegenwärtigen Technologie werden hier behandelt und mit anderen Methoden verglichen. Auf sich alleine gestellt, ermöglicht der “Inside‐Out”‐Ansatz die Produktion von Proteinen mit katalytischer Aktivität und Selektivität – wenn auch mit bescheidenen kinetische Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu natürlich vorkommenden Enzymen. Gerichtete Evolution, Proteindynamiksimulationen und Crowd‐Sourcing können jedoch zu erheblich verbesserten Varianten solcher “Inside‐Out”‐Proteine führen.
Simulation and control based on temperature measurements for Petlyuk distillation columns
Authors: Matla‐González D. , Urrea‐García G. , Alvarez‐Ramirez J. , Bolaños‐Reynoso E. , Luna‐Solano G.
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a control strategy based on stage temperature measurements to control composition of the products in a Petlyuk‐type distillation column. This column is formed by a prefractionator in which feed is introduced and a main column from which three product streams are extracted. Prefractionator and main‐column modules are connected through the exchange of liquid and vapor streams resulting in a strong interaction that can result in operating problems, poor control performance, and instability due to their complex structure. Different steady‐state methods for the selection of appropriate control structures were analyzed. The control structure comprises four controllers implemented as follows: three Proportional‐Integral (PI) controllers to regulate the temperature of three stages along the main column and a cascade controller to regulate temperature at a stage in the main column manipulating temperature in a prefractionator stage. Controllers were designed using internal model control guidelines for traditional PI compensation. Feed composition disturbances were introduced in order to observe the response of the control system. The obtained results show that the control structure maintains the purity of the final products within acceptable ranges despite the existence of disturbance. Copyright © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Variants in IL2RA With Progression of Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Knevel R. , de Rooy D. P. C. , Zhernakova A. , Gröndal G. , Krabben A. , Steinsson K. , Wijmenga C. , Cavet G. , Toes R. E. M. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Gregersen P. K. , van der Helm‐van Mil A. H. M.
Published: March 2013

Objective

Heritability studies have suggested an important role of genetic predisposition in the progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); the heritability is estimated at 45–58%. Several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified as being associated with RA susceptibility. Our objective was to study the association of several of these loci with progression of joint destruction.

Methods

We studied 1,750 RA patients in 4 independent data sets with 4,732 radiographs scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde method. Thirteen susceptibility SNPs that were not previously associated with joint destruction were tested in 596 Dutch RA patients. Subsequently, significant SNPs were studied in data sets of RA patients from North America and Iceland. Data were summarized in inverse‐weighted variance meta‐analyses. Further, the association with circulating protein levels was studied and the associated region was fine‐mapped.

Results

In stage 1, 3 loci (AFF3, IL2RA, and BLK) were significantly associated with the rate of joint destruction and were further analyzed in the additional data sets. In the combined meta‐analyses, the minor (C) allele of IL2RA (rs2104286) was associated with less progression of joint destruction (P = 7.2 × 10−4). Furthermore, the IL2RA (rs2104286) protective genotype was associated with lower (0.85‐fold [95% confidence interval 0.77–0.93], P = 1.4 × 10−3) circulating levels of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor α (sIL‐2Rα). Additionally, lower sIL‐2Rα levels were associated with a lower rate of joint destruction (P = 3.4 × 10−3). The association of IL2RA with the rate of joint destruction was further localized to a 40‐kb region encompassing the IL2RA intron 1 and the 5′ region of IL2RA and RBM17.

Conclusion

The present genetic and serologic data suggest that inherited altered genetic constitution at the IL2RA locus may predispose to a less destructive course of RA.
Brief Report: Testosterone Is Protective in the Sexually Dimorphic Development of Arthritis and Lung Disease in SKG Mice
Authors: Keith Rebecca C. , Sokolove Jeremy , Edelman Benjamin L. , Lahey Lauren , Redente Elizabeth F. , Holers V. Michael , Sakaguchi Shimon , Robinson William H. , Riches David W. H.
Published: March 2013

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a sexually dimorphic inflammatory autoimmune disease with both articular and extraarticular disease manifestations, including RA‐associated interstitial lung disease. Low levels of testosterone have been linked to disease severity in men with RA, and supplemental testosterone has been shown to improve RA symptoms in both postmenopausal women and men with low levels of testosterone. The mechanisms by which sex and sex steroids affect the immune system and autoimmunity are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of testicular‐derived sex hormones on the development of joint and lung disease in an autoimmune mouse model.

Methods

Arthritis prevalence and severity were assessed in orchiectomized, sham‐orchiectomized, and intact male SKG mice as well as in female SKG mice over a 12‐week period after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. Lung tissues were evaluated by quantifying cellular accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, collagen levels, and histologic changes. An antigen microarray was used to evaluate autoantibody generation under each experimental condition.

Results

Female SKG mice developed arthritis and lung disease at increased prevalence and severity as compared to intact male mice. The absence of testosterone after orchiectomy led to increased arthritis, lung disease, and autoantibody generation in orchiectomized male mice as compared to intact male mice.

Conclusion

SKG mice represent an authentic sexually dimorphic mouse model of both the joint and lung disease seen in humans with RA. Testosterone protects against the development of joint and lung disease in male SKG mice.
MicroRNA‐29a Protects Against Glucocorticoid‐Induced Bone Loss and Fragility in Rats by Orchestrating Bone Acquisition and Resorption
Authors: Wang Feng‐Sheng , Chung Pei‐Chin , Lin Chung‐Liang , Chen Ming‐Wen , Ke Huei‐Jin , Chang Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Yu‐Shan , Wu Shin‐Long , Ko Jih‐Yang
Published: March 2013

Objective

Excessive glucocorticoid treatment increases the incidence of osteopenia and osteonecrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) reportedly target messenger RNA expression and regulate osteoblastogenesis and skeletal development. We undertook this study to investigate whether miR‐29a regulates glucocorticoid‐mediated bone loss.

Methods

Rats were given methylprednisolone, lentivirus‐mediated miR‐29a precursor, or lentivirus‐mediated miR‐29a inhibitor. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry, micro–computed tomography, material testing, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed to quantify bone mass, microarchitecture, peak load, and serum Dkk‐1 levels. Differential miRNA expression profiles were detected using polymerase chain reaction arrays. The abundance of signaling molecules was assessed using immunoblotting.

Results

Glucocorticoid treatment induced loss of bone mineral density and trabecular microstructure in association with reduced miR‐29a expression. Treatment with miR‐29a precursor attenuated the adverse effects of glucocorticoid on bone mass, trabecular bone volume fraction, and biomechanical load‐bearing capacity of bone tissue. Gain of miR‐29a function alleviated the detrimental effects of glucocorticoid treatment on mineral acquisition and ex vivo osteoblast differentiation, and also reduced osteoclast surface, ex vivo osteoclast differentiation, and RANKL expression in bone microenvironments. Knockdown of miR‐29a accelerated osteoclast resorption, cortical bone porosity, bone fragility, and loss of ex vivo osteogenic differentiation capacity. MicroRNA‐29a regulated the abundance of Wnt signaling components (Wnt‐3a, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and β‐catenin), the Wnt inhibitor Dkk‐1, Akt, and phosphorylated ERK, and the expression of the osteogenic factors RUNX‐2 and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in bone tissue.

Conclusion

MicroRNA‐29a signaling protected against glucocorticoid‐induced disturbance of Wnt and Dkk‐1 actions and improved osteoblast differentiation and mineral acquisition. Promotion of miR‐29a signaling is an alternative strategy for alleviating glucocorticoid‐induced bone deterioration.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Calcium Phosphate Thin Shells for Fluorescence Enhancement
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Hsu Yin‐Chu , Liao Shih‐Hsiang , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Inoue Masamichi , Yusa Shin‐ichi , Nakashima Kenichi , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: March 2013

Polymeric micelles consisting of asymmetric triblock copolymers were successfully used for fabrication of robust hybrid nanoparticles with highly biocompatible calcium phosphate shells. The hydrophobic polystyrene core encapsulates hydrophobic fluorescent dyes such as Nile red. The anionic polyacrylic acid provides the site for the mineralization reaction of calcium phosphate. The polyethylene glycol corona stabilizes the hybrid nanoparticles. Fluorescent dyes can be used as imaging agents for determining the location of the nanoparticles and to give an observable indication of drug delivery, while the calcium phosphate shell can enhance the fluorescence of the encapsulated dye.
Species differences of organic anion transporters involved in the renal uptake of 4‐amino‐3‐chlorophenyl hydrogen sulfate, a metabolite of resatorvid, between rats and dogs
Authors: Takeuchi Toshiyuki , Jinno Fumihiro , Ebihara Takuya , Moriya Yuu , Kadotani Rie , Tagawa Yoshihiko , Kondo Takahiro , Itoh Tomoo , Asahi Satoru
Published: March 2013

Previous studies on the metabolic fate of resatorvid (TAK‐242) have shown that species differences in the pharmacokinetics of 4‐amino‐3‐chlorophenyl hydrogen sulfate (M‐III), a metabolite of TAK‐242, between rats and dogs are mainly attributable to the urinary excretion process. In the present study, the renal uptake mechanism of M‐III was investigated using kidney slices and Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing rat organic anion transporter 1 (rOat1; Slc22a6) and rOat3 (Slc22a8). The uptake of p‐aminohippuric acid (PAH), a substrate for Oats, by kidney slices from rats and dogs increased at 37 °C and M‐III inhibited the uptake. The initial uptake clearance of M‐III by rat kidney slices was 0.295 and 0.0114 ml/min/g at 37 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The Eadie‐Hofstee plot of M‐III uptake at 37 °C revealed two‐component transport processes with Km values being 6.48 and 724 µmol/l. The uptake was inhibited by probenecid (PBC), PAH and benzylpenicillin (PCG). In contrast, in dog kidney slices, the initial uptake clearance of M‐III was 8.70 × 10‐3 and 9.00 × 10‐3 ml/min/g at 37 °C and 4 °C, respectively, and the uptake was not inhibited by PBC. Furthermore, rOat1‐ and rOat3‐expressing oocytes mediated M‐III uptake and the uptake was inhibited by PAH and PCG, respectively. These results suggest that rOat1 and rOat3 are responsible for the renal uptake of M‐III in rats. Moreover, it is speculated that Oat(s) is unable to transport M‐III in dogs and that the difference in the substrate recognition of Oat(s) contributes to the species difference in the pharmacokinetics of M‐III between rats and dogs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platinum(II) Catalyzed Enantioselective Cycloisomerizations of 3‐Hydroxylated 1,5‐Enynes
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jullien Hélène , Brissy Delphine , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela
Published: March 2013

The enantioselective cycloisomerization of 3‐hydroxylated 1,5‐enynes into bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanones was investigated by using cyclometalated NHC‐platinum phosphoramidite complexes as pre‐catalysts. Several new complexes were prepared. They generate cationic, electrophilic PtII species that efficiently promote the cycloisomerization process. Enantiomeric excesses up to 81 % were obtained in the reactions of enynes with aryl‐substituted alkyne functions (8 examples, 70–81 % ee).
Mechanistic Investigations of a Stable, Highly Active, Extremely Sterically Shielded Molecular Gold Catalyst
Authors: Weber Simone G. , Zahner David , Rominger Frank , Straub Bernd F.
Published: March 2013

An N‐heterocyclic carbene gold complex IPr**AuNTf2 has been synthesized, spectroscopically investigated, structurally characterized, and used as a highly active and stable catalyst in the Hashmi phenol synthesis (IPr**=1,3‐di‐p‐tolylimidazol‐2‐ylidene with four di‐tert‐butylbenzhydryl ortho substituents, Tf=trifluoromethansulfonyl). A side reaction comprises an irreversible arene oxide ring opening with subsequent 1,2 methyl shift. The advantage of the steric demand of the ancillary ligand was explained by higher equilibrium concentrations of the cationic gold species, the circumvention of inactive dinuclear intermediates, and the inhibition of catalyst decomposition pathways. The methanol addition–hydration of alkynes featured a turnover‐limiting proton transfer step of an alkenylgold catalyst resting state, indicated by a large primary kinetic isotope effect and an alkyne competition experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: High Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Sr2Co2Oy/Ag Composites.
Authors: Wang Shufang , Bai Zilong , Wang Haifeng , Lue Qing , Wang Jianglong , Fu Guangsheng
Published: March 2013

The title composites are synthesized by solid state reaction of Bi2Sr2Co2Oy and Ag2O in different weight ratios (1133 K, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of High Magnetization CoFe2O4/Co0.7Fe0.3 Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets.
Authors: Zan F. L. , Ma Y. Q. , Ma Q. , Zheng G. H. , Dai Z. X. , Wu M. Z. , Li G. , Sun Z. Q. , Chen X. S.
Published: March 2013

The title nanocomposite permanent magnets are hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of CoCl2, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2, sodium citrate, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 80—180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Itinerant Electron Magnetism of η‐Carbides Co6M6C and Ni6M6C (M: Mo and W).
Authors: Waki T. , Furusawa D. , Tabata Y. , Michioka C. , Yoshimura K. , Kondo A. , Kindo K. , Nakamura H.
Published: March 2013

The title compounds are characterized by XRD (cubic, space group Fd$\bar 3$m, Ni6Mo6C‐type structure), magnetization, resistivity, and specific heat measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Uptake of Lithium Ion from Brine by H1.33Mn1.67O4 and H1.6Mn1.6O4.
Authors: Chitrakar Ramesh , Makita Yoji , Ooi Kenta , Sonoda Akinari
Published: March 2013

The title adsorbents exhibit extremely high affinity toward lithium ions in brine with a lithium uptake capacity of 27—30 mg/g at pH 6.6 (adjusted with NaHCO3).
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Synthesis of PbWO4 Dendrites by a Simple Sonochemical Method.
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Yang Linlin , Wang Yujiang , Wang Xiaofeng , Han Gaorong
Published: March 2013

PbWO4 dendrites are prepared by irradiation of an aqueous solution of K2C2O4, Na2WO4, and Pb(NO3)2 with a high‐intensity ultrasonic horn under ambient air.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Polymorph Telluridoindate [In(en)3][In5Te9(en)2] with Photocatalytic Properties.
Authors: Chen Rong , Zhou Jian , Liu Xing , Hu Feilong , An Litao , Kan Yuhe , Xue Chen‐jian
Published: March 2013

Orange crystals of the title compound are solvothermally synthesized from InCl3, CeCl3, and Te in en (sealed Pyrex tube, 160 °C, 7 d; 53% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of a Tetrahedral 58‐Nuclear Barium Vanadium Oxide Cluster.
Authors: Kastner Katharina , Puscher Bianka , Streb Carsten
Published: March 2013

H5 [Ba10(NMP)14(H2O)8 (V12O33)4Br]·ca.11NMP (NMP: N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) is synthesized by reaction of BaBr2 and (Bu4N)2[H2V10O28] in NMP in the presence of H2O2 (20 °C, 4 d, 21% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Cs4Mo5P2O22: A First Strandberg‐Type POM with 1D Straight Chains of Polymerized [Mo5P2O23]6‐ Units and Moderate Second Harmonic Generation Response.
Authors: Wang Ying , Pan Shilie , Yu Hongwei , Su Xin , Zhang Min , Zhang Fangfang , Han Jian
Published: March 2013

Colorless block crystals of the title compound are synthesized by spontaneous crystallization from stoichiometric melts of Cs2CO3, MoO3, and NH4H2PO4 (500 °C for 3 d and 700 °C for 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: From Order to Disorder and Back Again: In situ Hydrothermal Redox Reactions of Uranium Phosphites and Phosphates.
Authors: Villa Eric M. , Marr Connor J. , Diwu Juan , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: March 2013

Compounds (III)—(VII) are characterized by single crystal XRD, SEM, and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐ and Tri‐Cobalt Silicotungstates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Stability Studies.
Authors: Zhu Guibo , Geletii Yurii V. , Song Jie , Zhao Chongchao , Glass Elliot N. , Basca John , Hill Craig L.
Published: March 2013

Compounds (IV), (V), and (VI) are characterized by single crystal XRD, cyclic voltammetry, IR, and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: A 1D Polyoxometalate Chain Built from {Mo16Ni16P24} Wheels: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetism.
Authors: Wang Li‐Fu , Zhuang Zhan‐Zhong , Chang Ze , Zhou Bo‐Yu , Hu Tong‐Liang
Published: March 2013

Na2[Ni3(H2O)14] [(Mo16O32)Ni16(OH)8 (H2PO4)4( HPO4)16(PO4)4 (H2O)8]·14H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of NiCl2, Na2MoO4, Mo, and H3PO4 in H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 4 d, 30% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Properties of a Novel 1D Helical Chain Arsenomolybdate {[Cu(en)2][Cu(en)(H2O)] [(Cu(en)2(H2O)] [AsIIIAsVMo9O34)] }·2H2O.
Authors: Han Qiuxia , Cao Hongxia , Ma Pengtao , Zhao Junwei , Niu Jingyang
Published: March 2013

The title compound is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Na2MoO4, As2O3, CuCl2, and en in H2O (autoclave, 140 °C, 5 d, 45% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Discrete Octahedrally Shaped [Ag6]4+ Cluster Encapsulated within Silicontungstate Ligands.
Authors: Kikukawa Yuji , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Kosuke , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: March 2013

(Bu4N)8 [Ag6 (γ‐H2SiW10O36)2] ·5H2O is synthesized by reaction of (Bu4N)4H4 [γ‐SiW10O36] with AgOAc using dimethylphenylsilane as a two‐electron reductant in acetone (20 °C, 3 h, 80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Benzimidazoles as Acylating Agents for Kinetic Resolution of Racemic α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Xu Hao , Tian Hua , Zheng Liangyu , Liu Qingwen , Wang Li , Zhang Suoqin
Published: March 2013

Chiral 1‐benzoyl‐2‐(α‐N‐substituted aminoethyl)benzimidazoles are successfully applied as nonenzymatic acylating agents for the kinetic resolution of racemic α‐amino esters with high enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Controlled Addition of Organozincs to α‐Chloro Aldimines.
Authors: Stanton Gretchen R. , Norrby Per‐Ola , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: March 2013

An unusual chelation‐controlled pathway is revealed based on experimental and computational investigations: binding of the α‐chloro aldimines N,O and Cl atom to zinc reverses the selectivity predicted by the Cornforth—Evans model.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Alkoxy/Sulfonate‐Substituted Carbene Precursors Derived from [2.2]Paracyclophane and Their Application in the Asymmetric Arylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Duan Wenzeng , Ma Yudao , Qu Bo , Zhao Lei , Chen Jianqiang , Song Chun
Published: March 2013

A series of novel planar chiral alkoxy‐substituted NHC‐precursors such as (I) are designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Aminoimidazole Derived Proline Organocatalyst for Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Tang Gongkun , Guen Uemit , Altenbach Hans‐Josef
Published: March 2013

A L‐proline derived amide catalyst is successfully utilized for the asymmetric aldol reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3/Me3SiCl‐Catalyzed Direct Michael Addition of Enol Acetates to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Onishi Yoshiharu , Yoneda Yuki , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: March 2013

Five equivalents of the enolacetate (II) are usually optimal.