bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning multiple concepts in description logic through three perspectives
Authors: Melo Raphael , Revoredo Kate , Paes Aline
Published: May 2021

An ontology formalises a number of dependent and related concepts in a domain, encapsulated as a terminology. Manually defining such terminologies is a complex, time-consuming and error-prone task. Thus, there is great interest for strategies to learn terminologies automatically. However, most of the existing approaches induce a single concept definition at a time, disregarding dependencies that may exist among the concepts. As a consequence, terminologies that are difficult to interpret may be induced. Thus, systems capable of learning all concepts within a single task, respecting their dependency, are essential for reaching concise and readable ontologies. In this paper, we tackle this issue presenting three terminology learning strategies that aim at finding dependencies among concepts, before, during or after they have been defined. Experimental results show the advantages of regarding the dependencies among the concepts to achieve readable and concise terminologies, compared to a system that learns a single concept at a time. Moreover, the three strategies are compared and analysed towards discussing the strong and weak points of each one.
Children's comprehension of prosodically marked focus in Hungarian: How mandatory syntactic focus-marking affects the trajectory of acquisition
Authors: SURÁNYI Balázs , PINTÉR Lilla
Published: May 2021

This study investigates children's identification of prosodic focus in Hungarian, a language in which syntactic focus-marking is mandatory. Assuming that regular syntactic focus-marking diminishes the disambiguating role of prosodic marking in acquisition, we expected that in sentences in which focus is only disambiguated by prosody, adult-like comprehension of prosodic focus-marking should be delayed in comparison to the Germanic and Romance languages investigated previously using the same experimental method that we adopted. Our results, confirming this prediction, suggest that the developmental trajectory of the comprehension of prosodic focus-marking may be substantially affected by cross-linguistic grammatical variation in the marking of focus.
Turán-type results for intersection graphs of boxes
Authors: Tomon István , Zakharov Dmitriy
Published: May 2021

In this short note, we prove the following analog of the Kővári–Sós–Turán theorem for intersection graphs of boxes. If G is the intersection graph of n axis-parallel boxes in $${{\mathbb{R}}^d}$$ such that G contains no copy of Kt,t, then G has at most ctn( log n)2d+3 edges, where c = c(d)>0 only depends on d. Our proof is based on exploring connections between boxicity, separation dimension and poset dimension. Using this approach, we also show that a construction of Basit, Chernikov, Starchenko, Tao and Tran of K2,2-free incidence graphs of points and rectangles in the plane can be used to disprove a conjecture of Alon, Basavaraju, Chandran, Mathew and Rajendraprasad. We show that there exist graphs of separation dimension 4 having superlinear number of edges.
Prediction of Hypoxia in Eutrophic Polymictic Lakes
Authors: Cortés A. , Forrest A. L. , Sadro S. , Stang A. J. , Swann M. , Framsted N. T. , Thirkill R. , Sharp S. L. , Schladow S. G.
Published: May 2021

Quantifying and predicting the drawdown of dissolved oxygen (DO) in lakes is important to ensuring healthy ecosystems and safe water sources. The characterization of DO depletion using available definitions and models requires extensive monitoring to obtain reliable results. These approaches have been mostly developed for seasonally stratified monomictic and dimictic lakes, limiting their applicability for polymictic systems which stratify and mix repeatedly. We compared the predicted duration of hypoxic events in the three basins of a large eutrophic polymictic lake (Clear Lake, CA, USA) by using three different one‐dimensional (1‐D) analytical approaches; two being original and requiring minimal input variables. Data on meteorology, lake temperature, and DO were all measured at multiple locations for one year and used to develop a novel method, named the Birge‐Winkler method. The daily net surface heat fluxes provided an energy term from which estimates of the onset and length of hypoxic periods could be made with minimal calibration. We used the Lake Number method to evaluate the level of accuracy of the Birge‐Winkler method. Finally, we estimated DO values next to the sediments using a Buoyancy Frequency method. Our results from the two original methods provided simple and effective tools for early warning of onset and duration of hypoxia, with a maximum of ±3–5 days uncertainty in the predictions. These indices can become powerful decision support tools for addressing aquatic ecological challenges triggered by hypoxia, including fish kills, internal nutrient loading, heavy metals release, and harmful algal blooms.
PAX8-AS1 knockdown facilitates cell growth and inactivates autophagy in osteoblasts via the miR-1252-5p/GNB1 axis in osteoporosis
Authors: Huang Caiqiang , Li Runguang , Yang Changsheng , Ding Rui , Li Qingchu , Xie Denghui , Zhang Rongkai , Qiu Yiyan
Published: May 2021

Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common systematic bone disorder among elderly individuals worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in biological processes in various human diseases. It has been previously revealed that PAX8 antisense RNA 1 (PAX8-AS1) is upregulated in OP. However, its molecular mechanism in OP remains unclear. Therefore, we specifically designed this study to determine the specific role of PAX8-AS1 in OP. We first established a rat model of OP and then detected PAX8-AS1 expression in the rats with RT-qPCR. Next, to explore the biological function of PAX8-AS1 in osteoblasts, in vitro experiments, such as Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, were conducted. Subsequently, we performed bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays to predict and identify the relationships between microRNA 1252-5p (miR-1252-5p) and both PAX8-AS1 and G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1). Additionally, rescue assays in osteoblasts clarified the regulatory network of the PAX8-AS1/miR-1252-5p/GNB1 axis. Finally, in vivo loss-of-function studies verified the role of PAX8-AS1 in OP progression. The results illustrated that PAX8-AS1 was upregulated in the proximal tibia of OP rats. PAX8-AS1 silencing promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis and autophagy of osteoblasts. PAX8-AS1 interacted with miR-1252-5p. GNB1 was negatively regulated by miR-1252-5p. In addition, the impacts of PAX8-AS1 knockdown on osteoblasts were counteracted by GNB1 overexpression. PAX8-AS1 depletion suppressed OP progression by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy in osteoblasts. In summary, PAX8-AS1 suppressed the viability and activated the autophagy of osteoblasts via the miR-1252-5p/GNB1 axis in OP.
Internal OH− induced cascade quenching of upconversion luminescence in NaYF4:Yb/Er nanocrystals
Authors: Feng Yansong , Li Zhi , Li Qiqing , Yuan Jun , Tu Langping , Ning Lixin , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2021

Internal hydroxyl impurity is known as one of the main detrimental factors affecting the upconversion (UC) efficiency of upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanomaterials. Different from surface/ligand-related emission quenching which can be effectively diminished by, e.g., core/shell structure, internal hydroxyl is easy to be introduced in synthesis but difficult to be quantified and controlled. Therefore, it becomes an obstacle to fully understand the relevant UC mechanism and improve UC efficiency of nanomaterials. Here we report a progress in quantifying and large-range adjustment of the internal hydroxyl impurity in NaYF4 nanocrystals. By combining the spectroscopy study and model simulation, we have quantitatively unraveled the microscopic interactions underlying UCL quenching between internal hydroxyl and the sensitizers and activators, respectively. Furthermore, the internal hydroxyl-involved UC dynamical process is interpreted with a vivid concept of “Survivor effect,” i.e., the shorter the migration path of an excited state, the larger the possibility of its surviving from hydroxyl-induced quenching. Apart from the consistent experimental results, this concept can be further evidenced by Monte Carlo simulation, which monitors the variation of energy migration step distribution before and after the hydroxyl introduction. The new quantitative insights shall promote the construction of highly efficient UC materials.
Mutualistic microalgae co-diversify with reef corals that acquire symbionts during egg development
Authors: Turnham Kira E , Wham Drew C , Sampayo Eugenia , LaJeunesse Todd C
Published: May 2021

The application of molecular genetics has reinvigorated and improved how species are defined and investigated scientifically, especially for morphologically cryptic micro-organisms. Here we show how species recognition improves understanding of the ecology and evolution of mutualisms between reef-building corals and their mutualistic dinoflagellates (i.e. Symbiodiniaceae). A combination of genetic, ecological, and morphological evidence defines two sibling species of Cladocopium (formerly Symbiodinium Clade C), specific only to host corals in the common genus Pocillopora, which transmit their obligate symbionts during oogenesis. Cladocopium latusorum sp. nov. is symbiotic with P. grandis/meandrina while the smaller-celled C. pacificum sp. nov. associates with P. verrucosa. Both symbiont species form mutualisms with Pocillopora that brood their young. Populations of each species, like their hosts, are genetically well connected across the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean, indicating a capacity for long-range dispersal. A molecular clock approximates their speciation during the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene as Earth underwent cycles of precipitous cooling and warming; and corresponds to when their hosts were also diversifying. The long temporal and spatial maintenance of high host fidelity, as well as genetic connectivity across thousands of kilometers, indicates that distinct ecological attributes and close evolutionary histories will restrain the adaptive responses of corals and their specialized symbionts to rapid climate warming.
The metabolite α-KG induces GSDMC-dependent pyroptosis through death receptor 6-activated caspase-8
Authors: Zhang Jia-yuan , Zhou Bo , Sun Ru-yue , Ai Yuan-li , Cheng Kang , Li Fu-nan , Wang Bao-rui , Liu Fan-jian , Jiang Zhi-hong , Wang Wei-jia , Zhou Dawang , Chen Hang-zi , Wu Qiao
Published: May 2021

Pyroptosis is a form of regulated cell death mediated by gasdermin family members, among which the function of GSDMC has not been clearly described. Herein, we demonstrate that the metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) induces pyroptosis through caspase-8-mediated cleavage of GSDMC. Treatment with DM-αKG, a cell-permeable derivative of α-KG, elevates ROS levels, which leads to oxidation of the plasma membrane-localized death receptor DR6. Oxidation of DR6 triggers its endocytosis, and then recruits both pro-caspase-8 and GSDMC to a DR6 receptosome through protein-protein interactions. The DR6 receptosome herein provides a platform for the cleavage of GSDMC by active caspase-8, thereby leading to pyroptosis. Moreover, this α-KG-induced pyroptosis could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models. Interestingly, the efficiency of α-KG in inducing pyroptosis relies on an acidic environment in which α-KG is reduced by MDH1 and converted to L-2HG that further boosts ROS levels. Treatment with lactic acid, the end product of glycolysis, builds an improved acidic environment to facilitate more production of L-2HG, which makes the originally pyroptosis-resistant cancer cells more susceptible to α-KG-induced pyroptosis. This study not only illustrates a pyroptotic pathway linked with metabolites but also identifies an unreported principal axis extending from ROS-initiated DR6 endocytosis to caspase-8-mediated cleavage of GSDMC for potential clinical application in tumor therapy.
Computational based design and tracking of synthetic variants of Porcine circovirus reveal relations between silent genomic information and viral fitness
Authors: Baron Lia , Atar Shimshi , Zur Hadas , Roopin Modi , Goz Eli , Tuller Tamir
Published: May 2021

Viral genomes not only code the protein content, but also include silent, overlapping codes which are important to the regulation of the viral life cycle and affect its evolution. Due to the high density of these codes, their non-modular nature and the complex intracellular processes they encode, the ability of current approaches to decipher them is very limited. We describe the first computational-experimental pipeline for studying the effects of viral silent and non-silent information on its fitness. The pipeline was implemented to study the Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the shortest known eukaryotic virus, and includes the following steps: (1) Based on the analyses of 2100 variants of PCV, suspected silent codes were inferred. (2) Five hundred variants of the PCV2 were designed to include various ‘smart’ silent mutations. (3) Using state of the art synthetic biology approaches, the genomes of these five hundred variants were generated. (4) Competition experiments between the variants were performed in Porcine kidney-15 (PK15) cell-lines. (5) The variant titers were analyzed based on novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) experiments. (6) The features related to the titer of the variants were inferred and their analyses enabled detection of various novel silent functional sequence and structural motifs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 50 of the silent variants exhibit higher fitness than the wildtype in the analyzed conditions.
Visual analysis of density and velocity profiles in dense 3D granular gases
Authors: Puzyrev Dmitry , Fischer David , Harth Kirsten , Trittel Torsten , Hidalgo Raúl Cruz , Falcon Eric , Noirhomme Martial , Opsomer Eric , Vandewalle Nicolas , Garrabos Yves , Lecoutre Carole , Palencia Fabien , Stannarius Ralf
Published: May 2021

Granular multiparticle ensembles are of interest from fundamental statistical viewpoints as well as for the understanding of collective processes in industry and in nature. Extraction of physical data from optical observations of three-dimensional (3D) granular ensembles poses considerable problems. Particle-based tracking is possible only at low volume fractions, not in clusters. We apply shadow-based and feature-tracking methods to analyze the dynamics of granular gases in a container with vibrating side walls under microgravity. In order to validate the reliability of these optical analysis methods, we perform numerical simulations of ensembles similar to the experiment. The simulation output is graphically rendered to mimic the experimentally obtained images. We validate the output of the optical analysis methods on the basis of this ground truth information. This approach provides insight in two interconnected problems: the confirmation of the accuracy of the simulations and the test of the applicability of the visual analysis. The proposed approach can be used for further investigations of dynamical properties of such media, including the granular Leidenfrost effect, granular cooling, and gas-clustering transitions.
Roaming pathways and survival probability in real-time collisional dynamics of cold and controlled bialkali molecules
Authors: Kłos Jacek , Guan Qingze , Li Hui , Li Ming , Tiesinga Eite , Kotochigova Svetlana
Published: May 2021

Perfectly controlled molecules are at the forefront of the quest to explore chemical reactivity at ultra low temperatures. Here, we investigate for the first time the formation of the long-lived intermediates in the time-dependent scattering of cold bialkali $$^{23}\hbox {Na}^{87}$$

23

Na
87

Rb molecules with and without the presence of infrared trapping light. During the nearly 50 nanoseconds mean collision time of the intermediate complex, we observe unconventional roaming when for a few tens of picoseconds either NaRb or $$\hbox {Na}_2$$

Na
2

and $$\hbox {Rb}_2$$

Rb
2

molecules with large relative separation are formed before returning to the four-atom complex. We also determine the likelihood of molecular loss when the trapping laser is present during the collision. We find that at a wavelength of 1064 nm the $$\hbox {Na}_2\hbox {Rb}_2$$

Na
2

Rb
2

complex is quickly destroyed and thus that the $$^{23}\hbox {Na}^{87}$$

23

Na
87

Rb molecules are rapidly lost.
Experiential ownership and body ownership are different phenomena
Authors: Liang Caleb , Lin Wen-Hsiang , Chang Tai-Yuan , Chen Chi-Hong , Wu Chen-Wei , Chen Wen-Yeo , Huang Hsu-Chia , Lee Yen-Tung
Published: May 2021

Body ownership concerns what it is like to feel a body part or a full body as mine, and has become a prominent area of study. We propose that there is a closely related type of bodily self-consciousness largely neglected by researchers—experiential ownership. It refers to the sense that I am the one who is having a conscious experience. Are body ownership and experiential ownership actually the same phenomenon or are they genuinely different? In our experiments, the participant watched a rubber hand or someone else’s body from the first-person perspective and was touched either synchronously or asynchronously. The main findings: (1) The sense of body ownership was hindered in the asynchronous conditions of both the body-part and the full-body experiments. However, a strong sense of experiential ownership was observed in those conditions. (2) We found the opposite when the participants’ responses were measured after tactile stimulations had ceased for 5 s. In the synchronous conditions of another set of body-part and full-body experiments, only experiential ownership was blocked but not body ownership. These results demonstrate for the first time the double dissociation between body ownership and experiential ownership. Experiential ownership is indeed a distinct type of bodily self-consciousness.
Grain Fe and Zn content, heterosis, combining ability and its association with grain yield in irrigated and aerobic rice
Authors: Anusha G. , Rao D. Sanjeeva , Jaldhani V. , Beulah P. , Neeraja C. N. , Gireesh C. , Anantha M. S. , Suneetha K. , Santhosha R. , Prasad A. S. Hari , Sundaram R. M. , Madhav M. Sheshu , Fiyaz A. , Brajendra P. , Tuti M. D. , Bhave M. H. V. , Krishna K. V. Radha , Ali J. , Subrahmanyam D. , Senguttuvel P.
Published: May 2021

Genetic improvement of rice for grain micronutrients, viz., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content is one of the important breeding objectives, in addition to yield improvement under the irrigated and aerobic ecosystems. In view of developing genetic resources for aerobic conditions, line (L) × tester (T) analysis was conducted with four restorers, four CMS lines and 16 hybrids. Both hybrids and parental lines were evaluated in irrigated and aerobic field conditions for grain yield, grain Fe and Zn content. General Combining Ability (GCA) effects of parents and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects of hybrids were observed to be contrasting for the micronutrient content in both the growing environments. The grain Fe and Zn content for parental lines were negatively correlated with grain yield in both the contrasting growing conditions. However, hybrids exhibited positive correlation for grain Fe and Zn with grain yield under limited water conditions. The magnitude of SCA mean squares was much higher than GCA mean squares implying preponderance of dominance gene action and also role of complementary non-allelic gene(s) interaction of parents and suitability of hybrids to the aerobic system. The testers HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 (T1) and HHZ17-Y16-Y3-Y2 (T2) were identified as good combiners for grain Zn content under irrigated and aerobic conditions respectively.
Author Correction: Detectivity optimization to measure ultraweak light fluxes using an EM-CCD as binary photon counter array
Authors: Khaoua Ibtissame , Graciani Guillaume , Kim Andrey , Amblard François
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Targeted neuromodulation of pelvic floor nerves in aging and multiparous rabbits improves continence
Authors: Hernandez-Reynoso Ana G. , Corona-Quintanilla Dora L. , López-García Kenia , Horbovetz Ana A. , Castelán Francisco , Zimmern Philippe , Martínez-Gómez Margarita , Romero-Ortega Mario I.
Published: May 2021

Pelvic floor muscle stretch injury during pregnancy and birth is associated with the incidence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), a condition that affects 30–60% of the female population and is characterized by involuntary urine leakage during physical activity, further exacerbated by aging. Aging and multiparous rabbits suffer pelvic nerve and muscle damage, resulting in alterations in pelvic floor muscular contraction and low urethral pressure, resembling SUI. However, the extent of nerve injury is not fully understood. Here, we used electron microscopy analysis of pelvic and perineal nerves in multiparous rabbits to describe the extent of stretch nerve injury based on axon count, axon size, myelin-to-axon ratio, and elliptical ratio. Compared to young nulliparous controls, mid-age multiparous animals showed an increase in the density of unmyelinated axons and in myelin thickness in both nerves, albeit more significant in the bulbospongiosus nerve. This revealed a partial but sustained damage to these nerves, and the presence of some regenerated axons. Additionally, we tested whether electrical stimulation of the bulbospongiosus nerve would induce muscle contraction and urethral closure. Using a miniature wireless stimulator implanted on this perineal nerve in young nulliparous and middle age multiparous female rabbits, we confirmed that these partially damaged nerves can be acutely depolarized, either at low (2–5 Hz) or medium (10–20 Hz) frequencies, to induce a proportional increase in urethral pressure. Evaluation of micturition volume in the mid-age multiparous animals after perineal nerve stimulation, effectively reversed a baseline deficit, increasing it 2-fold (p = 0.02). These results support the notion that selective neuromodulation of pelvic floor muscles might serve as a potential treatment for SUI.
Intranasal delivery of mitochondria for treatment of Parkinson’s Disease model rats lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine
Authors: Chang Jui-Chih , Chao Yi-Chun , Chang Huei-Shin , Wu Yu-Ling , Chang Hui-Ju , Lin Yong-Shiou , Cheng Wen-Ling , Lin Ta-Tsung , Liu Chin-San
Published: May 2021

The feasibility of delivering mitochondria intranasally so as to bypass the blood–brain barrier in treating Parkinson's disease (PD), was evaluated in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Intranasal infusion of allogeneic mitochondria conjugated with Pep-1 (P-Mito) or unconjugated (Mito) was performed once a week on the ipsilateral sides of lesioned brains for three months. A significant improvement of rotational and locomotor behaviors in PD rats was observed in both mitochondrial groups, compared to sham or Pep-1-only groups. Dopaminergic (DA) neuron survival and recovery > 60% occurred in lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum in Mito and P-Mito rats. The treatment effect was stronger in the P-Mito group than the Mito group, but the difference was insignificant. This recovery was associated with restoration of mitochondrial function and attenuation of oxidative damage in lesioned SN. Notably, P-Mito suppressed plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondria penetrated the accessory olfactory bulb and doublecortin-positive neurons of the rostral migratory stream (RMS) on the ipsilateral sides of lesions and were expressed in striatal, but not SN DA neurons, of both cerebral hemispheres, evidently via commissural fibers. This study shows promise for intranasal delivery of mitochondria, confirming mitochondrial internalization and migration via RMS neurons in the olfactory bulb for PD therapy.
Monolingual and bilingual language networks in healthy subjects using functional MRI and graph theory
Authors: Li Qiongge , Pasquini Luca , Del Ferraro Gino , Gene Madeleine , Peck Kyung K. , Makse Hernán A. , Holodny Andrei I.
Published: May 2021

Bilingualism requires control of multiple language systems, and may lead to architectural differences in language networks obtained from clinical fMRI tasks. Emerging connectivity metrics such as k-core may capture these differences, highlighting crucial network components based on resiliency. We investigated the influence of bilingualism on clinical fMRI language tasks and characterized bilingual networks using connectivity metrics to provide a patient care benchmark. Sixteen right-handed subjects (mean age 42-years; nine males) without neurological history were included: eight native English-speaking monolinguals and eight native Spanish-speaking (L1) bilinguals with acquired English (L2). All subjects underwent fMRI with gold-standard clinical language tasks. Starting from active clusters on fMRI, we inferred the persistent functional network across subjects and ran centrality measures to characterize differences. Our results demonstrated a persistent network “core” consisting of Broca’s area, the pre-supplementary motor area, and the premotor area. K-core analysis showed that Wernicke’s area was engaged by the “core” with weaker connection in L2 than L1.
Decreased renal function increases the nighttime urine volume rate by carryover of salt excretion to the nighttime
Authors: Takezawa Kentaro , Kuribayashi Sohei , Okada Koichi , Sekii Yosuke , Inagaki Yusuke , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Kiuchi Hiroshi , Abe Toyofumi , Fujita Kazutoshi , Uemura Motohide , Imamura Ryoichi , Nonomura Norio
Published: May 2021

To determine the pathophysiology of nocturnal polyuria associated with renal dysfunction, patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy were prospectively studied. The diurnal variation in urine volume, osmolality, and salt excretion were measured on preoperative day 2 and postoperative day 7. The factors associated with an increase in the nighttime urine volume rate with decreased renal function were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Forty-nine patients were included. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased from 73.3 ± 2.0 to 47.2 ± 1.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.01) and the nighttime urine volume rate increased from 40.6% ± 2.0% to 45.3% ± 1.5% (P = 0.04) with nephrectomy. The nighttime urine osmolality decreased from 273 ± 15 to 212 ± 10 mOsm/kg and the nighttime salt excretion rate increased from 38.7% ± 2.1% to 48.8% ± 1.7% (both P < 0.01) with nephrectomy. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the increase in the nighttime urine volume rate was strongly affected by the increase in the nighttime salt excretion rate. A decrease in renal function causes an increase in the nighttime urine volume rate, mainly because of an increase in nighttime salt excretion.

Trial registration number: UMIN000036760 (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry).

Date of registration: From 1 June 2019 to 31 October 2020.
Unique evolutionary trajectories of breast cancers with distinct genomic and spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Phung Tanya N. , Webster Timothy H. , Lenkiewicz Elizabeth , Malasi Smriti , Andreozzi Mariacarla , McCullough Ann E. , Anderson Karen S. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Wilson Melissa A. , Barrett Michael T.
Published: May 2021

Breast cancers exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity associated with disease progression and therapeutic resistance. To define the sources and the extent of heterogeneity, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic architecture of three chemoradiation-naïve breast cancers with well-defined clinical features including variable ER, PR, ERBB2 receptor expression and two distinct pathogenic BRCA2mut genotypes. The latter included a germ line carrier and a patient with a somatic variant. In each case we combined DNA content-based flow cytometry with whole exome sequencing and genome wide copy number variant (CNV) analysis of distinct populations sorted from multiple (4–18) mapped biopsies within the tumors and involved lymph nodes. Interrogating flow-sorted tumor populations from each biopsy provided an objective method to distinguish fixed and variable genomic lesions in each tumor. Notably we show that tumors exploit CNVs to fix mutations and deletions in distinct populations throughout each tumor. The identification of fixed genomic lesions that are shared or unique within each tumor, has broad implications for the study of tumor heterogeneity including the presence of tumor markers and therapeutic targets, and of candidate neoepitopes in breast and other solid tumors that can advance more effective treatment and clinical management of patients with disease.
Electrocatalytic syngas generation with a redox non-innocent cobalt 2-phosphinobenzenethiolate complex
Authors: Orchanian Nicholas M. , Hong Lorena E. , Velazquez David A. , Marinescu Smaranda C.
Published: May 2021

A cobalt complex supported by the 2-(diisopropylphosphaneyl)benzenethiol ligand was synthesized and its electronic structure and reactivity were explored.
Correction: Mechanochemical tools for polymer materials
Authors: Chen Yinjun , Mellot Gaëlle , van Luijk Diederik , Creton Costantino , Sijbesma Rint P.
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Mechanochemical tools for polymer materials’ by Yinjun Chen et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, 50, 4100–4140, DOI: 10.1039/D0CS00940G.
Ir-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Lin-Wei , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: May 2021

The recent progress on Ir-based bifunctional electrocatalysts in enhancing the overall water splitting performance is reviewed mainly from the aspects of optimizing the composition and morphology.
Platinum diimine-dithiolate complexes as a new class of photoconducting compounds for pristine photodetectors: case study on [Pt(bipy)(Naph-edt)] (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine; Naph-edt2−= 2-naphthylethylene-1,2-dithiolate)
Authors: Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Binda Maddalena , Caltagirone Claudia , Lippolis Vito , Natali Dario , Podda Enrico , Sampietro Marco , Pintus Anna
Published: May 2021

A pristine photodetector based on the heteroleptic diimine-dithiolate complex [Pt(bipy)(Naph-edt)] is reported showing EQE values (50%@600 nm) much larger than those measured for any homoleptic bis(1,2-dithiolene) metal complex.
Regulated lithium plating and stripping by a nano-scale gradient inorganic–organic coating for stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Sun Yipeng , Zhao Changtai , Adair Keegan R. , Zhao Yang , Goncharova Lyudmila V. , Liang Jianneng , Wang Changhong , Li Junjie , Li Ruying , Cai Mei , Sham Tsun-Kong , Sun Xueliang
Published: May 2021

A functional polyurea protective coating with the gradient distribution of an inorganic component was constructed to achieve a high-performance lithium metal anode.
Recent advancements in the development of molecular organic photocatalysts
Authors: Bobo M. Victoria , Kuchta Joseph J. , Vannucci Aaron K.
Published: May 2021

A review on the recent advances of six classes of organic photocatalysts with respect to photophysical and redox properties.
Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles, anti-Alzheimer potential and the metabolic profiling of Sabal blackburniana grown in Egypt supported by molecular modelling
Authors: El-Hawwary Seham S. , Abd Almaksoud Hanan M. , Saber Fatema R. , Elimam Hanan , Sayed Ahmed M. , El Raey Mohamed A. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: May 2021

Schematic diagram representing the current study.
Parametric scheme for rapid nanopattern replication via electrohydrodynamic instability
Authors: Hwang Jaeseok , Park Hyunje , Lee Jaejong , Kang Dae Joon
Published: May 2021

1/τm-dependent electrohydrodynamic replication of a hexagonally ordered hole array nanopattern by adjusting the filling ratio. As the 1/τm increases, the morphology evolves into the perfectly replicated hole features with increasing filling ratio.
Copper as an antimicrobial agent: recent advances
Authors: Salah Intisar , Parkin Ivan P. , Allan Elaine
Published: May 2021

The causes of death for each microorganism by CuNPs and metallic copper is summarised.
Tunable electrochemistry and efficient antibacterial activity of plant-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by Annona squamosa seed extract for agricultural utility
Authors: Singh Pooja , Singh Kshitij RB , Singh Jay , Das Subha Narayan , Singh Ravindra Pratap
Published: May 2021

This study reports plant mediated-copper oxide nanoparticles synthesis from Annona squamosa and their real-life application in agricultural domain for label-free detection of H2O2 and its antibacterial efficiency for combating rice crop pathogen.
Fabrication of fine-pored polydimethylsiloxane using an isopropyl alcohol and water mixture for adjustable mechanical, optical, and thermal properties
Authors: Kwak Yeunjun , Kang Yunsung , Park Wonkeun , Jo Eunhwan , Kim Jongbaeg
Published: May 2021

A fabrication method for obtaining fine-pored PDMS is presented. Low-cost, volatile, and easily accessible IPA is used as a co-solvent in water and PDMS emulsions, allowing porous PDMS with adjustable mechanical, optical and thermal properties.
Direct enantioseparation of axially chiral 1,1′-biaryl-2,2′-diols using amidine-based resolving agents
Authors: Kodama Koichi , Takase Fusato , Hirose Takuji
Published: May 2021

Enantioseparation of atropisomeric biphenols using a chiral amidine derived from dehydroabietic acid was reported. Only one crystallization of their mixture gave pure diastereomeric salts of biphenols from racemate.
Pitch Variation in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Wong Eddy C. H. , Velleman Shelley L. , Tong Michael C. F. , Lee Kathy Y. S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Pitch variation, which refers to one's ability to vary fundamental frequency (F0) within or between syllables when speaking, has not been investigated in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). However, pitch variation plays an important role in tone languages, as varying F0 patterns communicate different lexical meanings. This study investigated pitch variation abilities in individuals with CAS via the tone-sequencing tasks (TSTs), focusing on task performance and the effects of syllable structure, lexical status, and tones.

Method

Three Cantonese-speaking children with CAS (aged 3;7–5;8 [years;months]) and six children without CAS participated in the study. Children without CAS were divided into two control groups, comprising those with speech and/or language impairment or typical development. TSTs consisted of 56 sets of five repetitions of stimuli. The stimuli varied in syllable structure, lexical status, and tones. Percentage of tones correct (PTC), consistency scores, F0 values, and acoustic repetition duration were measured.

Results

The CAS group performed more poorly than the control groups on the TST with respect to tone accuracy, consistency, and repetition duration. No interaction effects between group and syllable structure or group and lexical status were found. No significant difference was found on F0 values across time between Tone 1 and Tone 2 syllables in the CAS group. However, interaction effects between group and time points of F0 values on Tone 2 syllables were found.

Discussion

The results suggest that children with CAS have difficulty with pitch variation, which was revealed on the TST with respect to tone accuracy, consistency, and repetition duration. Moreover, children with CAS have difficulty in varying F0 values to produce high-rising tones and tend to use high-level tones to substitute. Clinically, the TST may be useful to assist in the diagnosis of CAS. Isolated vowel stimuli may be useful to test young children or children with severe impairment. Future investigations and development of a normed tool for children with CAS are suggested.
A 3D printed metallized Fabry–Perot cavity antenna with improved bandwidth and low side‐lobe levels
Authors: Xu Ke , Zhou Lin , Zhang Bing , Chen Xing
Published: May 2021

A 3D printed metallized Fabry–Perot cavity antenna centred at 5.8 GHz is presented in this letter. A non‐uniform grid superstrate and a choke groove are employed in the Fabry–Perot cavity antenna to improve the input bandwidth and decrease the side lobes. By using the non‐uniform superstrate, the |S11| ← 10 dB bandwidth is enhanced to approximately 6.4% (from 5.65 to 6.02 GHz). The side lobes decrease to −14.03 and −21.62 dB on E and H planes by the choke groove. The designed antenna is fabricated by using a stereolithography‐based 3D printing technique for verification, whose weight is only 13% of the one fabricated with copper. The measured result agrees well with the simulated one.
An analysis of low power testing using K‐means clustering with reordering approach
Authors: Jegannathan Poornimasre , Rajaguru Harikumar
Published: May 2021

K‐means clustering is a machine learning algorithm used to group the data based on the similarity between the data. Functional distances like squared Euclidean distance, city block, cosine, correlation and hamming are considered as a similarity parameter here. Test vectors are grouped based on the functional distance using the K‐means algorithm. A simple reordering algorithm is proposed and is applied to each group of data before ‘X’ bit filing to minimize the test power. Experimental results on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuit shows that the proposed methods diminish the power effectively.
Robust hierarchical dispatch for residential distribution network management considering home thermal flexibility and model predictive control
Authors: Rooks Cody , Li Fangxing , Shi Qingxin , Dong Jin , Olama Mohammed M. , Xue Yaosuo , Winstead Christopher , Kuruganti Teja
Published: May 2021

In the transactive energy (TE) paradigm, the devices of participative consumers, or prosumers, may be aggregated and employed to drive operational objectives at the network level. Home heating, ventilation and air‐conditioning (HVAC) systems in particular are well‐suited to modulate their behaviours based on both home thermal flexibility and requests from the utility grid. This paper develops a robust, hierarchical power dispatch scheme in the context of a residential distribution network. The formulation couples a unique, multiphase linear distribution optimal power flow (OPF) at the upper level with model predictive control (MPC)‐based HVAC fleet controllers at the lower level. The proposed approach is tested on nearly 2000 homes with a three‐phase distribution network in an intraday market setting, where two major applications are explored and analysed.
Edge‐cloud collaborative architecture based multi‐time scales rolling optimization of regional integrated electrical and natural gas energy system considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Cao Zhiao , Zhao Qiang , Wang Jia , Wang Jinkuan , Han Yinghua
Published: May 2021

With the serious energy crisis and speedy development of natural gas utilization, regional integrated electrical and gas energy system is an efficient way to improve energy potency. This paper studies the energy scheduling of integrated electrical and gas energy system with bi‐directional energy conversion at distribution network level, considering wind power uncertainty. To realize independent autonomy of energy networks, meantime adjusting scheduling strategies of integrated energy system from system‐level perspective, innovative edge‐cloud collaborative operation architecture is proposed. In edge servers, electrical and gas networks are optimized severally for scheduling strategies. In cloud server, the uncertainty of wind power are processed with robust optimization method, strategies of energy conversion units are updated for re‐optimization. Cooperated with edge‐cloud architecture, a novel multi‐time scales rolling optimization framework is proposed, electrical and gas networks are optimized under day‐ahead time scale in corresponding edge servers, and electrical network is further adjusted under intraday time scale in electrical edge server. Case studies show that edge‐cloud collaborative operation architecture can ensure the practical feasibility of optimization, which is more suitable for energy scheduling of integrated electrical and gas energy system. Multi‐time scales rolling optimization framework have significant efficiency on reducing the impact of wind power uncertainty.
Human–robot interaction for social skill development in children with ASD: A literature review
Authors: Raptopoulou Anastasia , Komnidis Antonios , Bamidis Panagiotis D. , Astaras Alexandros
Published: May 2021

Human–robot interaction has been demonstrated to be a promising methodology for developing socio‐communicational skills of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This paper systematically reviews studies that report experimental results on this topic published in scientific journals between the years 2010 and2018. A total of 1805 articles from various literature were filtered based on relevance and transparency. In the first set of criteria, article titles are screened and in the second both titles and abstracts. The final number of articles which were subsequently thoroughly reviewed was 32 (N = 32). The findings suggest that there are benefits in using human–robot interaction to assist with the development of social skills for children with ASD. Specifically, it was found that the majority of studies used humanoid robots, 64% relied on a small number of participants and sessions, while few of the studies included a control group or follow‐up sessions. Based on these findings, this paper tried to identify areas that have not been extensively addressed to propose several directions for future improvements for studies in this field, such as control groups with typical developmental children, minimum number of sessions and participants, as well as standardization of criteria for assessing the level of functionality for ASD children.
Control and monitoring of lipoprotein levels in atherosclerosis induced rabbits using novel nanoparticulate medication of Lovastatin and Rosuvastatin
Authors: Luo Guoyi , Chen Wenjie , Luo Jianjun , Liu Jie
Published: May 2021

Different epidemiological studies have demonstrated higher level of uric acid and Lipoprotein levels as risk factors for atherosclerosis. The present investigation deals with formulation of novel combination of Rosuvastatin and Lovastatin in nanoparticulate form to assess atherosclerosis model. The ionic gelation method was found to be useful for the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles which are evaluated for different parameters like morphology, zeta potential, and polydispersity index found to be satisfactory for delivery of drug. Application of statistical model confirms the effect of Poloxamer 188 and chitosan on drug release and Encapsulation efficiency and drug release. The drug release of Rosuvastatin‐Lovastatin nanoparticles (RST‐LST‐NP) was compared with individual Rosuvastatin nanoparticles (RST‐NP) and Lovastatin nanoparticles (LST‐NP). The results obtained from serum uric acid analysis as well as measurement of level of total cholesterol, high density cholesterol, low density cholesterol shows superiority of RST‐LST‐NP over RST‐NP and LST‐NP in lowering and maintaining serum lipoprotein levels.
Exploring the Sun’s upper atmosphere with neural networks: Reversed patterns and the hot wall effect
Authors: Socas-Navarro H. , Asensio Ramos A.
Published: May 2021

We have developed an inversion procedure designed for high-resolution solar spectro-polarimeters, such as those of Hinode and the DKIST. The procedure is based on artificial neural networks trained with profiles generated from random atmospheric stratifications for a high generalization capability. When applied to Hinode data, we find a hot fine-scale network structure whose morphology changes with height. In the middle layers, this network resembles what is observed in G-band filtergrams, but it is not identical. Surprisingly, the temperature enhancements in the middle and upper photosphere have a reversed pattern. Hot pixels in the middle photosphere, possibly associated with small-scale magnetic elements, appear cool at the log τ500 = −3 and −4 level, and vice versa. Finally, we find hot arcs on the limb side of magnetic pores. We interpret them as the first piece of direct observational evidence of the “hot wall” effect, which is a prediction of theoretical models from the 1970’s.
Remarkably high mass and velocity dispersion of molecular gas associated with a regular, absorption-selected type I quasar
Authors: Noterdaeme P. , Balashev S. , Combes F. , Gupta N. , Srianand R. , Krogager J.-K. , Laursen P. , Omont A.
Published: May 2021

We present 3 mm observations of the quasar J0015+1842 at z = 2.63 with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). Our data reveal molecular gas, traced with a Gaussian CO(3–2) line, with a remarkably high velocity dispersion (FWHM = 1010 ± 120 km s−1) that corresponds to a total molecular mass MH2 ≈ (3.4 − 17) × 1010 M⊙, depending on the adopted CO-to-H2 conversion factor αCO = (0.8 − 4.0) M⊙ (km s−1 pc2)−1. Assuming the 3 mm continuum emission is thermal, we derive a dust mass of about Mdust ∼ 5 × 108 M⊙. J0015+1842 is located in the molecular gas-rich region in the IR versus CO line luminosity diagram, in between the main locus of main-sequence and sub-millimetre galaxies and that of most other active galactic nuclei targeted so far for CO measurements. While the high velocity dispersion of the CO line suggests a merging system, J0015+1842 is observed to be a regular, only very moderately dust-reddened (AV ∼ 0.3 − 0.4) type I quasar from its UV-optical spectrum, from which we infer a mass of the super-massive black hole of about MBH ≈ 6 × 108 M⊙. We suggest that J0015+1842 is observed at a galaxy evolutionary stage where a massive merger has brought significant amounts of gas towards an actively accreting super-massive black hole (quasar). While the host still contains a large amount of dust and molecular gas with a high velocity dispersion, the quasar has already cleared the way towards the observer, likely through powerful outflows, as has recently been revealed by optical observations of the same object. High angular resolution observations of this and similar systems are expected to help us better determine the respective importance of evolution and orientation in the appearance of quasars and their host galaxies. These observations have the potential to investigate early feedback and star-formation processes in galaxies in their quasar phases.
Environmental hazards and restraining methods of pavement asphalt
Authors: Zhang Jing , Guo Zhiqing , Cao Yupeng
Published: May 2021

There are environmental problems such as pollutant emission in the construction and service of road asphalt pavement. In order to explore the hazards of road asphalt to the environment, the types of pollutants from the construction and use of road asphalt pavement are analyzed. The various harmful components of pavement asphalt materials and their influencing factors are discussed. The corresponding pollution inhibition measures are introduced. The existing research work of asphalt pavement pollution is analyzed and suggestions for future research are proposed.