bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Assessment of Otolaryngology Knowledge Among Primary Care Trainees
Authors: O’Brien Daniel C. , Squires Lane D. , Robinson Aaron D. , Ramadan Hassan , Diaz Rodney
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

(1) Identify knowledge deficits in this cohort regarding basic conditions treated by an otolaryngologist. (2) Determine the training needs of these physicians regarding the care of the head and neck patient.

Methods:

This cross-sectional assessment used a 10-question, multiple-choice assessment administered to medical students and resident physicians at the University of California, Davis, University of California, San Francisco, and University of West Virginia in the departments of emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, and otolaryngology.

Results:

The otolaryngology cohort scored an average of 93%, while all others scored 56%. There was no statistical difference in the results between fourth-year medical students and non-otolaryngology residents of any year. Only 16% of the primary care providers and students assessed felt comfortable with these conditions, and 86% (321/372) of the respondents desired increased education on these topics.

Conclusion:

This study identified significant knowledge gaps among non-otolaryngologists in the diagnosis and treatment of basic head and neck conditions. As a specialty, a greater focus should be placed on improving the familiarity of our primary care colleagues on these conditions.
Pricing Geometric Asian Options under Mixed Fractional Brownian Motion Environment with Superimposed Jumps
Authors: Prakasa Rao B.L.S.
Published: June 2018

It has been observed that the stock price process can be modelled with driving force as a mixed fractional Brownian motion (mfBm) with Hurst index [Formula: see text] whenever long-range dependence is possibly present. We propose a geometric mfBm model for the stock price process with possible jumps superimposed by an independent Poisson process.
Analytically Simple and Computationally Efficient Solution to Geo/G/1 and Geo/G/1/N Queues Involving Heavy-tailed Distributions for Service Times
Authors: Chaudhry Mohan L. , Indra  , Rajan Vijay
Published: June 2018

The previous studies pertaining to the queues Geo/G/1 and Geo/G/1/N involve light-tailed distributions for service time. However, due to applications of heavy-tailed distributions in computer science and financial engineering, these distributions are used for service time. This article provides a simple and computationally efficient solution to the queues Geo/G/1 and Geo/G/1/N involving heavy-tailed distributions for service times.
The Rise in Individualism in Japan: Temporal Changes in Family Structure, 1947-2015
Authors: Ogihara Yuji
Published: June 2018

The present research examined whether Japanese culture became more individualistic between 1947 and 2015 by investigating temporal changes in indicators of family structure. Previous research has shown that Japanese culture has become more individualistic. However, the amount of research investigating temporal changes in individualism in Japan is small. Thus, it is important to examine whether Japanese culture has become more individualistic by investigating indicators that have not been used in previous research. Therefore, indicators of family structure that have been validated as indices of individualism were used to examine whether people came to live more independently from other family members. Analyses indicated that the rate of people living alone, the rate of nuclear households, and the divorce rate increased, while the rate of three-generation households and the household size decreased. These results showed that family structure became more individual-based in Japan, suggesting that Japanese culture changed toward greater individualism.
Development of a Multidimensional Measure to Examine Fear of Dementia
Authors: Page Kyle S. , Hayslip Bert , Wadsworth Dee , Allen Philip A.
Published: June 2018

Persons with and without a family history of dementia report concerns for developing this syndrome; yet, less is known about the specific aspects of dementia that are feared. The Fear of Dementia (FOD) scale was created to assess these concerns. This study examined the psychometric properties of the FOD scale using a sample of middle-aged and older adults ( N = 734). We then explored the factor structure of the scale 2 years later using a smaller sample from the first study ( N = 226). Three factors emerged, highlighting several main areas of concern: Burden and Loss, Quality of Life, and Perceived Social and Cognitive Loss. Preliminary data suggest that the FOD scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the multidimensional nature of the concern about developing dementia. Attention to what specifically is feared may help further our understanding of health behaviors, coping, and targeted supports.
Who Cares? Effects of Social Approach and Avoidance Motivation on Responsiveness to Others
Authors: Nikitin Jana , Freund Alexandra M.
Published: June 2018

Responsiveness to others (i.e., our understanding, validation, and support of important aspects of others) significantly contributes to positive social relationships. In the present research, we found evidence that responsiveness has motivational origins. In two experiments, participants who were approaching positive social outcomes had a higher level of responsiveness compared with participants who were avoiding negative social outcomes. A third experiment disentangled the roles of motivation and situation valence. Positive (compared with negative) social situations were associated with higher approach motivation, lower avoidance motivation, and a higher level of responsiveness. However, within a given situation, both approach and avoidance motivation were associated with a higher level of responsiveness. This association was even stronger in negative situations, suggesting that both approach and avoidance motivation might be ways of behaving responsively in potentially difficult social situations. The effects were independent of relationship closeness and partly weaker in older compared with younger adults.
Breaking the Conflict Cycle, Building Peaceful Communities: Participatory Photography and Storytelling With African Diasporas in Sydney
Authors: Baú Valentina
Published: June 2018

Even after resettling in a new country, the trauma and resentment caused by the conflict experienced in their homeland are passed on from generation to generation among diaspora communities. One of the factors that perpetuate the conflict in their new reality is the ethnic separation that continues to be upheld and reinforced, from parents to children. This article discusses the experience of a participatory photography project that brought together young people from the Congolese, Rwandan, Burundian, and Ugandan communities living in Sydney (Australia), whose lives are still impacted by the legacy of the conflicts that have been ravaging the African Great Lakes region. This initiative, which wanted to provide a space to encourage communication between different groups and enable the promotion of peace between communities starting from the youth, is analyzed here, and reflections are offered on the use of this method with diaspora groups.
Effect of Fatigue on Medial Elbow Torque in Baseball Pitchers: A Simulated Game Analysis
Authors: Okoroha Kelechi R. , Meldau Jason E. , Lizzio Vincent A. , Meta Fabien , Stephens Jeffrey P. , Moutzouros Vasilious , Makhni Eric C.
Published: June 2018

Background:

The incidence of overuse injury to the elbow among baseball pitchers continues to rise, despite extensive efforts at pitch count regulations and emphasis on proper throwing mechanics.

Purpose:

To determine if the medial elbow experiences increased torque levels as a baseball pitcher fatigues through the course of a simulated game.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

High school and collegiate baseball pitchers were recruited for this simulated game study. Each pitcher completed a simulated game consisting of 6 innings and a standardized pitching scheme of fastballs, curveballs, and changeups. In total, each pitcher threw 90 pitches. Fatigue was reported per inning with a visual analog scale, and pitch velocity was captured per pitch with a radar gun. Outcome measures were assessed with a validated mobile sensor and included medial elbow torque, arm speed, arm rotation, and arm slot. Linear and quadratic regression modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between pitcher fatigue and pitching kinematics.

Results:

A total of 11 pitchers (mean age, 17.6 years; range, 15-20 years) completed the study. Visual analog scale fatigue scores increased 0.72 points per inning pitched ( P < .01, effect size = 0.64). Medial elbow torque also increased beyond inning 3, with an increase of 0.84 N·m each inning ( P < .01, effect size = 0.08), while pitch velocity decreased (0.28 mph per inning, P < .01, effect size = 0.27). Fastballs generated the greatest amount of medial elbow torque (49.3 ± 1.4 N·m, P < .01, effect size = 0.24). There were no differences in arm rotation ( P = .42) or arm speed ( P = .80) as the game progressed. However, arm slot decreased with each successive inning (0.73° on average per inning, P = .03, effect size = 0.12). No adverse outcomes were noted with use of the mobile sensor.

Conclusion:

In this simulated game analysis, pitchers experienced increased fatigue after each successive inning. While the average pitch velocity declined with each successive inning, the torque on the medial elbow increased after inning 3. These findings signify a possible relationship between fatigue and injury risk.
Using simulation modelling to test the impact of future demand for end-of-life care
Authors: Pepler Eileen Florence , Davidson Janet , McGregor Douglas , Poore Keith , Brown Stephen , Pridie Joy
Published: June 2018

Health systems globally are exploring new models of care to address the increasing demand for palliative, hospice, and end-of-life care. Yet few tools exist at the population level to explore “what if” scenarios and test, in a “cost avoidance environment,” the impact of these new care models on policy, workforce, technology, and funding. This article introduces the application of scenario-based “what if” thinking and discrete event simulation in strategic planning for a not-for-profit hospice organization. It will describe how a set of conceptual models was designed to frame discussions between strategic partners about the implications and alternatives in implementing a new, integrated service model for palliative and end-of-life care.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of porous chitosan electret membrane for bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Yanying , Sun Xiaodi , Wang Qingfu , Yang Jing , Gong Ping , Man Yi , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2018

A porous chitosan electret membrane, possessing a three-dimensional porous structure and surface charges, was developed using thermally induced phase separation method and grid-controlled corona charging. Results showed that surface charge release of porous electret membrane could be altered by varying charging voltage. Rat osteoblasts adhered well, and cell proliferation and differentiation were enhanced by porous electret membrane compared to porous uncharged membrane. Furthermore, rabbit calvarial defects model demonstrated that porous electret membrane promoted bone regeneration more significantly than porous uncharged membrane. Therefore, the porous chitosan electret membrane might be a promising material for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering applications.
Synthesis and antibacterial properties of thymol and carvacrol grafted onto lignocellulosic kraft fibers
Authors: Khaldi Zineb , Ouk Tan-Sothéa , Zerrouki Rachida
Published: June 2018

Bacterial infections and surface contaminations are worrying public health issues. It becomes urgent to find solutions. One of the ways to limit bacterial proliferation is to develop new antimicrobial materials. The phenolic compounds of essential oils like thymol and carvacrol, are attractive antibacterial candidates, which have gained great popularity in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. This work describes the elaboration of bioinspired antibacterial materials. Thymol and carvacrol are linked to kraft pulp fibers, via triazine link. This novel material has been investigated for its antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The developed materials show very interesting antibacterial activity. The grafting of thymol and carvacrol by covalent bond allows to avoid the problem of their release and, thus, could maintain the antibacterial properties of support.
Effect of chemical structure on properties of polyurethanes: Temperature responsiveness and biocompatibility
Authors: Komez Aylin , Buyuksungur Senem , Hasirci Vasif , Hasirci Nesrin
Published: June 2018

Polyurethanes are known as one of the most biocompatible and inherently blood-compatible materials and have a wide range of applications in the medical field due to their controllable structure and properties. Durability, elasticity, elastomeric structure, fatigue resistance, versatility, and easy acceptance by the biological media after the application makes these polymers preferable in medical area. In this study, polyurethane films were prepared using poly(propylene-ethylene glycol) and either toluene-2,4-diisocyanate or 4,4′-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate without adding any other ingredients such as solvent, catalyst, or chain extender to prevent negative effects of leachable molecules. Mechanical tests were performed at room temperature while swelling tests were conducted in water and phosphate-buffered saline at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C. Temperature responsiveness was observed for the samples synthesized using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and poly(propylene-ethylene glycol). These samples had more than 100% swelling at 4°C and about 4% swelling at 25°C and 37°C. Cytocompatibility tests were performed by culturing the samples and their extracts with mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was studied to examine the compatibility of the films for blood contacting devices. Both toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate–based polyurethane films showed no cytotoxic effect and good biocompatibility. Oxygen plasma treatment enhanced hydrophilicity of the films. After plasma treatment, human umbilical vein endothelial cell attachment on toluene-2,4-diisocyanate–based polyurethane films improved and 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate–based polyurethane films maintained their high cell affinity. Polyurethanes presenting temperature responsiveness, high biocompatibility, and high affinity for human umbilical vein endothelial cells were synthesized in medical purity and in a reaction media involving only diisocyanate and diol components without addition of any solvent, chain extender, or catalyst. Polyurethanes with these properties and as produced in this study are reported for the first time in the literature.
Demineralized bone matrix-based microcarrier scaffold favors vascularized large bone regeneration in vivo in a rat model
Authors: Li Qiannan , Zhang Wenjie , Zhou Guangdong , Cao Yilin , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhi-Yong
Published: June 2018

Insufficient neo-vascularization of in vivo implanted cell-seeded scaffold remains a major bottleneck for clinical translation of engineered bone formation. Demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone scaffold for bone engineering due to its structural and biochemical components similar to those of native bone. We hypothesized that the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix favors ingrowth of vessels and bone regeneration upon in vivo implantation. In this study, a rat model of femoral vessel pedicle-based bone engineering was employed by filling the demineralized bone matrix scaffolds inside a silicone chamber that surrounded the vessel pedicles, and to compare the efficiency of vascularized bone regeneration between microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and block demineralized bone matrix. The results showed that bone marrow stem cells better adhered to microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and produced more extracellular matrices during in vitro culture. After in vivo implantation, microcarrier demineralized bone matrix seeded with bone marrow stem cells formed relatively more bone tissue than block demineralized bone matrix counterpart at three months upon histological examination. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction showed that microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group regenerate significantly better and more bone tissues than block demineralized bone matrix both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Moreover, micro-computed tomography reconstructed angiographic images also demonstrated significantly enhanced tissue vascularization in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining of (micro-) vessels and semi-quantitative analysis also evidenced enhanced vascularization of regenerated bone in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone regenerative scaffold due to its advantages of osteoinductivity and vascular induction, two essentials for in vivo bone regeneration.
Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress Among Former and Current Smokers With Low Income
Authors: Kim-Mozeleski Jin E. , Tsoh Janice Y.
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

To examine how food insecurity and psychological distress interact in its association with smoking and to explore how food insecurity and psychological distress are associated with quitting smoking using quit ratio estimates.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Data from the 2015 California Health Interview Survey.

Participants:

A total of 3007 lower income adults who have ever smoked.

Measures:

Ever smoking was defined as smoking 100+ cigarettes in the entire lifetime, with current smoking defined as smoking “every day” or “some days” and former smoking defined as smoking “not at all.” Psychological distress and food insecurity were measured by the 6-item K6 Psychological Distress Scale and the 6-item Food Security Survey Short Form, respectively.

Analysis:

Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine correlates of smoking status. Quit ratios (percentage of ever smokers who have quit) were calculated across study variables.

Results:

Reporting food insecurity with psychological distress was independently associated with lower odds of being a former smoker, compared to reporting food security without psychological distress. The quit ratio was lower among ever smokers reporting food insecurity with distress (41%) compared to ever smokers reporting food security without distress (63%).

Conclusions:

Specific conditions of impoverishment, such as food insecurity, interact with psychological distress in its association with continued smoking. Interventions to reduce socioeconomic disparities in smoking should consider the interacting role of food insecurity and psychological distress.
How modernity’s futurism puts children in the front line
Authors: Jessop Sharon
Published: June 2018

What conceptualisations of the child might explain the communicative and rhetorical significance of their selection as targets in acts of terror? It is argued that the child as an embodiment of modernity’s enthralment to the future’s promises of progress or redemption puts them on this front line. As an alternative to modernity’s futurism, Surrealism presents us with a conceptualisation of the child that anticipates contemporary ideas of ‘queerness’. The recognition of the child’s transgressive attitude to the credo of modernity can be a way of resisting increasingly instrumentalised ways of thinking about children.
Integrated Adaptation Tipping Points (IATPs) for urban flood resilience
Authors: Ahmed Farhana , Khan M Shah Alam , Warner Jeroen , Moors Eddy , Terwisscha Van Scheltinga Catharien
Published: June 2018

This paper applies an Adaptation Tipping Point (ATP) approach for the assessment of vulnerability to flooding in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A series of rigorous modelling exercises for fluvial and pluvial flooding was conducted to identify the critical ATPs of the physical system, under both existing and proposed flood risk management strategies, for different urban and climate change scenarios. But a standalone assessment of the physical system’s ATPs is insufficient to gain a complete understanding of flood risks; community resilience also depends on people’s adaptability and the acceptance of risks by the community in question. Through participatory public consultations, this study determines the critical ATPs for community risk acceptance. The concept of the “Integrated Adaptation Tipping Point (IATP)”, introduced here, combines the accepted level of risk to the community with the ATPs for physical systems. This approach reveals that the assessed vulnerability to flooding increases when social tipping points are considered.
Field evaluation of onsite near real-time monitors for surface contamination by 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Smith Jerome P , Sammons Deborah , Robertson Shirley , Krieg Edward , Snawder John
Published: June 2018

Objectives

In order to produce near real-time onsite results to detect surface contamination by antineoplastic drugs, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health developed monitors for 5-fluorouracil, which use surface wiping and lateral flow immunoassay for measurement. The monitors were tested in the laboratory to assess the sensitivity of detection on laboratory-produced contaminated surfaces. A field evaluation to assess the capability of the monitors to make measurements in healthcare workplaces was carried out in collaboration with a medical device company and the results are presented in this report.

Methods

The 5-fluorouracil monitor was evaluated in areas where oncology drugs were prepared and administered to patients at five different hospitals. The levels of contamination measured with the monitors were compared to levels measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

The 5-fluorouracil values measured with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ranged from 0 to over 200,000 ng/100 cm2. Measurements by the 5-fluorouracil monitors in the range 10–100 ng/100 cm2 correlated with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Receiver operating characteristic curves developed for the data indicated that a positive limit of 22 ng/100 cm2 would give an acceptable level of false-positives while retaining most true-positive samples. If the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measured greater than 100 ng/100 cm2, then the monitors also measured levels greater than 100 ng/100 cm2 for the majority of samples.

Conclusion

The data indicate that there are many areas in hospitals that are contaminated with 5-fluorouracil and the monitors will be useful in identifying this contamination.
Can clinical pharmacists bridge a gap between medical oncologists and patients in resource-limited oncology settings? An experience in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Shrestha Sudip , Palaian Subish
Published: June 2018

The clinical pharmacist's part is emerging as a key extension to the human services care team bringing about enhanced patient care in the world. The main objective of this article is to highlight the role of clinical pharmacist in an oncology setting of Nepal. An enrollment of clinical pharmacist in an oncology hospital or in oncology settings can work as a bridge between medical oncologist and patients.
Drawing potential of fiber metal laminates in hydromechanical forming: A numerical and experimental study
Authors: Saadatfard Alireza , Gerdooei Mahdi , Jalali Aghchai Abdolhossein
Published: June 2018

It is known that fiber metal laminates as one of hybrid materials with thin metal sheets and fiber/resin layers have limited formability in conventional forming methods. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study for drawability of glass fiber-reinforced aluminum laminates under hydromechanical drawing technique. Fiber metal laminates comprised of a layer of woven glass fiber-reinforced prepreg, sandwiched between two layers of aluminum alloy. In order to produce fiber metal laminates, the laminates were subjected to a sufficient squeezing pressure under a controlled heating time and temperature by using a hydraulic hot press. A hydromechanical tooling equipped with blank-holder force and fluid pressure control system was used to form the initial circular fiber metal laminate blank. Finally, the effect of parameters such as pre-bulging pressure, final chamber pressure, and drawing ratio on process variables was evaluated. Also, the characteristic curve of hydromechanical drawing of fiber metal laminate i.e. chamber pressure in terms of drawing ratio was achieved by means of experimental tests and numerical simulations. The results showed that the maximum drawing ratio of defect-free fiber metal laminates, namely without any tearing, wrinkling, and delamination was obtained at pre-bulging and chamber pressure of 35 and 80 bar, respectively.
Prospective Analysis of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer receiving Eribulin Mesylate as Second or More Lines of Chemotherapy: An Indian Experience
Authors: Srinivasa BJ , Lalkota Bhanu Prakash , Badarke Girish , Hazarika Diganta , Mohammad Nasiruddin , Sapkota Sulav , Khanderia Mansi , Tousif D , Rao Raghavendra , Ram Amritanshu , Patil Shekar , Naik Radheshyam
Published: June 2018

Background:

Eribulin mesylate is a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor which can be used after anthracycline and taxane treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of eribulin monotherapy in heavily pretreated patients with MBC.

Methods:

In this study, a total of 45 eligible patients with MBC who received eribulin in HCG Cancer Speciality Center from November 2014 to March 2016 were prospectively analyzed. Breslow (generalized Wilcoxon) survival analysis was carried out for progression-free survival and for overall survival. Patients were excluded if they had not taken treatment for 3 cycles and defaulted/expired during the treatment.

Results:

In this study, median age of patients was 52 years. A total of 27 (60%) patients had estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (PR) positive primary tumors, whereas HER2 was overexpressed or amplified in 7 (15.6%); a triple negative subtype was recorded in 13 patients (28.9%). Regarding toxicity, 30 patients (66.67%) tolerated treatment well and 3 patients (6.67%) got anemia, 6 patients (13.3%) experienced neutropenia, and 7 (15.62%) patients had neurological toxicity. About 14 (31.1%) patients showed PR, 12 (26.7%) patients had stable disease (SD), whereas 19 (42.25%) patients showed progression disease (PD). Response evaluation at 6 cycles was possible in 18 patients and revealed that 4 (22.5%) patients showed PR, 10 (55.5%) patients had SD, whereas 4 (22.2%) patients had PD. Progression-free survival of the overall study population was 3.95 months.

Conclusions:

Eribulin mesylate is efficacious and tolerable chemotherapy as second- and third-line treatment options for MBC.
Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders: Play behaviors with infant siblings and social responsiveness
Authors: Schwichtenberg AJ , Kellerman Ashleigh M , Young Gregory S , Miller Meghan , Ozonoff Sally
Published: June 2018

Mother–infant interactions are a proximal process in early development and may be especially salient for children who are at risk for social difficulties (i.e. infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder). To inform how indices of maternal behaviors may improve parent-mediated interventions designed to mitigate autism spectrum disorder risk, the present study explored maternal social responsiveness ratings and social behaviors during dyadic play interactions. Dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with autism spectrum disorder (high-risk group, n = 90) or families with no history of autism spectrum disorder (low-risk group, n = 62). As part of a prospective study, interactions were coded when infant siblings were 6, 9, and 12 months of age, for gaze, affect, vocalizations, and multimodal bids or responses (i.e. social smiles). Maternal social responsiveness was indexed via the Social Responsiveness Scale. Mothers in both risk groups had comparable Social Responsiveness Scale scores and social behaviors during play. Two maternal behaviors emerged as positive correlates of infant social behaviors and are thus of high relevance to parent-mediated interventions. Specifically, more maternal positive affect and the use of multimodal bids or responses were associated with more infant positive affect, vocalizations, gaze to face, and multimodal bids or responses.
Evaluation of mechanical and vibration behavior of hybrid epoxy carbon composite beam carrying micron-sized CTBN rubber and nanosilica particles
Authors: Senthamaraikannan C , Ramesh R
Published: June 2018

The suppression of vibration in dynamic structures is considered as one of the important functional requirements. In the present investigation, the free vibration behaviour of the woven carbon-epoxy composite beams was studied by blending nanosilica and micro-sized carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrilonitrile copolymer CTBN rubber in an epoxy matrix. The basic I and channel shapes widely used in structural applications were considered for fabrication of composite beams and made by hand layup method. The hybrid specimens were prepared by keeping 9% rubber particles by weight as stable primary ingredients in epoxy and the secondary reinforcement nanosilica was added by varying the weight fraction of 6% and 11%. The mechanical behaviour study and free vibration test were conducted as per ASTM standards and compared between virgin and hybrid composites. The addition of nanosilica, as secondary reinforcement in an epoxy matrix improves the mechanical properties of CTBN rubber-blended carbon composites. The structural beams were tested by impulse frequency response method under cantilever boundary conditions. Frequency response function plots were recorded and compared for all considered beam samples. The decreased amplitude response observed in frequency response function plot for micro rubber added samples of 9 wt%, indicate enhanced passive damping characteristics. The nanosilica, along with the micro rubber particles, shows improved passive damping capacity than virgin carbon composite beam. Finite element modelling of the composite beam was done for modal response using ANSYS® application software. Mode shapes and corresponding modal frequency of all types of beams have been compared and discussed.
Whole Body Vibration Exposure on Markers of Bone Turnover, Body Composition, and Physical Functioning in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baker Michael K. , Peddle-McIntyre Carolyn J. , Galvão Daniel A. , Hunt Catherine , Spry Nigel , Newton Robert U.
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Women with breast cancer are often prescribed aromatase inhibitors, which can cause rapid loss of bone mass leading to significant potential for morbidity. Vibration training has been shown to be helpful in reducing bone turnover in postmenopausal women without cancer. Aim: To examine the effect of vibration stimulus on markers of bone turnover in breast cancer patients receiving aromatase inhibitors. Methods: Thirty-one breast cancer survivors undergoing treatment with aromatase inhibitors were randomized to vibration stimulus (n = 14) or usual care control (n = 17). Low-frequency and low-magnitude vibration stimulus (27-32 Hz, 0.3 g) was delivered in supervised sessions via standing on a vibration platform for 20 minutes, 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was blood markers of bone resorption (serum N-telopeptide X/creatine) and formation (serum type 1 procollagen N-terminal propeptide; P1NP). Other study outcomes body composition as well as measures of physical functioning. Outcomes were compared between groups using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values as well as time on aromatase inhibitors. Outcomes: On average, participants were 61.5 years old and overweight (ie, body mass index = 28.5 kg/m2). Following vibration training, there was no significant difference between groups for bone resorption (adjusted group difference 0.5, P = .929) or formation (adjusted group difference 5.3, P = .286). There were also no changes in any measure of physical functioning body composition. Conclusions: Short-term low-magnitude vibration stimulus does not appear to be useful for reducing markers of bone turnover secondary to aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer patients; nor is it useful in improving physical function or symptoms. However, further investigations with larger samples and higher doses of vibration are warranted. Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611001094965).
A Randomized Feasibility Trial to Evaluate Use of the Jaw Dynasplint to Prevent Trismus in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Primary or Adjuvant Radiation-Based Therapy
Authors: Zatarain Lauren A. , Smith Derek K. , Deng Jie , Gilbert Jill , Dietrich Mary S. , Niermann Kenneth J. , Ridner Sheila H. , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study was designed to assess the feasibility of using the Jaw Dynasplint System as an adjunct to conventional stretching exercises as a preventative measure against trismus in patients undergoing radiotherapy. Methods: Study participants (n = 40) were randomized using a permuted block design to conventional stretching or stretching plus use of the Jaw Dynasplint 3 times per day for 30 minutes. Patients were instructed to record maximum interincisal opening each day as well as logging use of the Jaw Dynasplint. Results: At 6 months after initiation of the preventative regimen, 50% of patients in the Dynasplint arm and 75% in the conventional stretching arm remained on their assigned therapy. Trismus was diagnosed in 2 patients in the control arm and in 4 patients in the Dynasplint arm. Only 25% (95% confidence interval = 11.1, 46.9) of patients in the Dynasplint arm used the device as prescribed. Conclusions: The addition of the Jaw Dynasplint decreased compliance compared with conventional stretching. It is unlikely that the prescribed regimen will prove efficacious as a preventative measure due to low compliance.
Development of unmanned remote smart rescue platform applying Internet of Things technology
Authors: Kim Jung Woo , Sul Sang Hun , Choi Jae Boong
Published: June 2018

A new form of network has been created with the communication between objects in the Internet of Things environment. Users began to take interests in outdoor activities such as sports and leisure activities while sharing photographs and videos each other. In order to minimize the damage caused by unexpected accidents in response to outdoor climate change, Internet of Things technology is applied to emergency rescue system for quick and efficient rescue. In this article, the unmanned remote smart rescue platform applying Internet of Things technology quickly responds by real-time monitoring of the occurrence of a distress call. The system was developed so that the emergency situation is transferred to the management center and rescue victims within 4 min. The real-time monitoring system of unmanned remote smart rescue box is developed in such a manner that the equipment can be checked for theft and damage from external sources. Sensor multifunction printed circuit board module is developed under Internet of Things environment to be interconnected to single-board computers and various sensors. Thus, the installation of unmanned remote smart rescue box at the actual site delivers accurate positions of rescuees to promptly dispatch personnel to carry out efficient rescue operations.
Perception toward generic drug products: A cross-sectional study among undergraduate pharmacy students of the University of Nigeria
Authors: Chibueze Anosike , Abdulmuminu Isah , Nnanyelugo Ogechukwu Isiogugu , Amos Azubuike Ekwuofu
Published: June 2018

Background

Ever-rising cost of healthcare in resource-limited countries necessitates the use of generic medications. In Nigeria, no study has assessed the perception of student pharmacists about generic medications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the perception of pharmacy students toward generic medicines.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 12-item questionnaire among 241 pharmacy students of the University of Nigeria. The instrument was distributed to and completed by penultimate and final year pharmacy students. Descriptive statistics was used to present students’ characteristics and responses. Chi-square test was used to determine an association between perception of generic medicines and the students’ socio-demographic variables. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.

Results

More than 60% of the respondents agreed that branded and generic medicines are bioequivalent and therapeutically equivalent. About half of the students (48.0%) preferred branded medicines to generic medicines in severe conditions. Age of respondents [χ2 (12) =24.780, p = 0.016] and place of residence [χ2 (4) = 9.523, p = 0.049] were significantly associated with the statement that branded medicines are required to meet higher safety standards relative to generic medications.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a breach in perception among pharmacy students toward generic medications. Further educational interventions to improve students’ knowledge of generic medicines are recommended.
One step endoscopic ultrasound guided management of pelvic abscesses: a case series
Authors: Zator Zachary , Klinge Matthew , Schraut Wolfgang , Tsung Allan , Khalid Asif
Published: June 2018

Background:

Endoscopic management of pelvic abscesses not amenable to percutaneous drainage has been described. The technique employs endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of stents or drains, which may require multiple procedures, is cumbersome and uncomfortable for the patient. We describe the successful management of these abscesses in a single step involving EUS-guided lavage and instillation of antibiotics.

Methods:

Six consecutive patients with seven symptomatic pelvic abscesses not amenable to percutaneous drainage were referred for EUS-guided drainage. The abscesses were aspirated with a 19-gauge needle under EUS guidance and serially lavaged with an equal aspirate to instillation volume of sterile saline until cleared of pus. The residual cavity was then instilled with gentamicin 40 mg/ml. Patients were followed clinically and radiographically with repeat computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

All patients had rapid resolution of symptoms. The abscesses disappeared completely in four patients. One patient with recurrent diverticulitis and abscess had marked decrease in abscess size and inflammation to permit planned sigmoid resection. One patient with Crohn’s disease had clinical improvement and marked decrease in abscess size, permitting outpatient management of Crohn’s disease.

Conclusions:

EUS-guided lavage and instillation of antibiotics is a simple, one-step approach in the management of pelvic abscesses and may obviate the need for prolonged drain management and repeat procedures in select cases.
New developments in brain metastases
Authors: Berghoff Anna S. , Preusser Matthias
Published: June 2018

Patients with brain metastases (BM) are a population of high clinical need for new therapeutic approaches due to, as yet, very impaired survival prognosis. However, only few clinical trials have specifically addressed this prognostically highly heterogeneous patient population. New developments in the treatment of BM patients aim to reduce the side effects of local therapies, for example, by redefining the indications for stereotactic radiosurgery and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or introducing new applications like hippocampal sparing WBRT. Furthermore, systemic therapies become a more important treatment approach in patients harboring targetable mutations, as recent BM-specific endpoints in several phase III trials have shown promising intracranial efficacy. In addition, immune-checkpoint inhibitors show promising intracranial efficacy, particularly in patients with melanoma and non-small lung cancer BM. Here, we provide a review on the recent new developments in the local and systemic therapy approaches in BM patients.
Estimating velocity in Gasoline Direct Injection sprays using statistical pattern imaging velocimetry
Authors: Sivathanu Yudaya , Lim Jongmook , Muliadi Ariel , Nitulescu Oana , Shieh Tom
Published: June 2018

Statistical pattern imaging velocimetry (SPIV) is a new technique for the estimation of the planar velocity field from the high-speed videos. SPIV utilizes an ensemble of either backlit or side lit videos to obtain full planar velocities in sprays and flames. Unlike conventional particle imaging velocimetry, statistical pattern imaging velocimetry does not require well-resolved images of particles within turbulent flows. Instead, the technique relies of patterns formed by coherent structures in the flow. Therefore, SPIV is well suited for the estimating planar velocities in sprays and turbulent flames, both of which have well-defined patterns embedded in the flow videos. The implementation of the SPIV technique is relatively quite straightforward since high-speed videos can be readily obtained either in a laboratory or production floor setting. The biggest challenge for the SPIV techniques is that the procedure is computationally expensive even with an ordinary mega-pixel camera. To improve the computation speed, a successive partitioning scheme was employed. In addition, to improve spatial resolution to subpixel dimensions, a weighted central averaging scheme was used. With these two enhancements, the SPIV method was used to obtain planar radial and axial velocities in a spray emanating from a GDI injector. Sprays from GDI injectors are very dense (with obscuration levels close to the injector being greater than 99%), and velocity measurements are difficult. However, further away from the nozzle, a Phase Doppler Anemometer can be used to obtain velocity measurements. The velocities obtained using these two methods showed reasonable agreement.
Osteoplastic Flap Without Obliteration: How I Do It
Authors: Banks Catherine G. , Garcia Jaime A. P. , Grayson Jessica , Yeon Cho Do , Woodworth Bradford A.
Published: June 2018

Background

The osteoplastic flap provides access to pathology of the frontal sinus and is often performed with obliteration, which can result in significant long-term complications.

Objective

To describe the authors’ approach to osteoplastic flap without obliteration.

Methods

Descriptive analysis.

Results

Osteoplastic flap without obliteration preserves frontal sinus function while permitting direct access to the frontal sinus. In this study, we demonstrate a combined nonobliterated approach, accessing the frontal sinus with a Draf III approach to remove a large frontal sinus osteoma.

Conclusion

The approach provides excellent exposure for large tumors not otherwise accessible via purely endoscopic procedures, permits improved surveillance, and minimizes long-term complications of obliterated sinuses.
Spinal neuraxial anaesthesia for caesarean section in a parturient with type I Arnold Chiari malformation and syringomyelia
Authors: Teo Miqi Mavis
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Type 1 Arnold Chiari malformation is associated with prolapse of the cerebellar tonsils into or below the level of the foramen magnum and is usually diagnosed in adults. There are no current guidelines for the management of patients with a residual type I Arnold Chiari malformation, planned for a caesarean section under spinal neuraxial anaesthesia. The paucity in the literature on this topic presents as a management dilemma.

Case report:

We report a case of a term parturient with type 1 Arnold Chiari malformation, following surgical decompression 4 years earlier, with a residual syringomyelia that underwent an elective caesarean section under spinal neuraxial anaesthesia.

Conclusion:

This case highlights that multidisciplinary management and early anaesthetic consult are of paramount importance in the outcome of the patient, and that spinal neuraxial anaesthesia can be considered as a safe anaesthetic option.
Frontoethmoidal encephalocele in a cat
Authors: Woerde Dennis J , Hoffmann Karon L , Brown Narelle L
Published: June 2018

Case summary

An 11-month-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for further investigation of a 1 month history of generalised tonic–clonic seizures. Physical examination revealed microphthalmia of the left eye and right-sided hemiparesis. MRI of the brain and cranial neck was performed using a 1.5-Tesla system. MRI revealed a left frontoethmoidal encephalocele and microphthalmia of the left eye. Conservative treatment with antiepileptic medication was elected. The cat was managed on phenobarbitone and levetiracetam. Seizures have remained well controlled 12 months post-diagnosis.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first known case report of a frontoethmoidal encephalocele in a cat. This case was presented to increase clinical awareness of this congenital malformation and as a differential diagnosis for any young cat that presents with seizures.
Circulating soluble LIGHT/TNFSF14 is increased and associated with IL-8 concentration in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Kasperska-Zając Alicja , Damasiewicz-Bodzek Aleksandra , Grzanka Ryszard , Skrzypulec-Frankel Agnieszka , Bieniek Katarzyna , Sikora-Żydek Agnieszka , Jochem Jerzy
Published: June 2018

LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibiting inducible expression, and competing with herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes) has been involved in various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. LIGHT induces the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), which is up-regulated in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). To determine circulating soluble LIGHT concentration and its relationship with IL-8 concentration in patients with CSU. Concentrations of LIGHT, IL-8, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in plasma or serum of CSU patients by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LIGHT plasma concentration was significantly higher in moderate–severe CSU patients as compared with the healthy subjects, but not with mild CSU patients. There were significant correlations between increased LIGHT and IL-8 concentrations, but not with increased CRP in CSU patients. Enhanced plasma concentrations of soluble LIGHT and its association with IL-8 concentration suggest the role of LIGHT in systemic inflammatory activation in CSU patients. We hypothesize that LIGHT-mediated immune–inflammatory response plays a role in severe phenotypes of the disease.