bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth and Structure and Magnetic Properties of the 5d Oxide Ca3LiOsO6: Extended Superexchange Magnetic Interaction in Oxide.
Authors: Shi Youguo , Guo Yanfeng , Yu Shan , Arai Masao , Sato Akira , Belik Alexei A. , Yamaura Kazunari , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: August 2010

Single crystals of the new title compound are prepared by a flux method from mixtures of Ca3OsO6 (obtained from stoichiometric amounts of CaO2 and Os, Pt capsule, 6 GPa, 1500 °C, 1 h), LiCl, and KCl in a mass ratio of 1:5:2 (Pt crucible, 750 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Retro‐ and Transfer‐Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by a Simple Chiral Primary Amine.
Authors: Luo Sanzhong , Zhou Pengxin , Li Jiuyuan , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: August 2010

Chiral diamine CDA catalyzes the unprecedented retro‐aldol reaction of racemic anti‐ and syn‐aldol adducts to the leave the resolved optically pure aldol‐products with essentially unchanged diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Catalytic Tandem Michael Addition/Mannich Reaction: Access to Chiral Isoindolinones and Azetidines with Multiple Stereocenters.
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Xie Yinjun , Hu Xinquan , Xia Chungu , Huang Hanmin
Published: August 2010

Addition of ZnEt2 and aldimines to chalcones in the presence of CuBr and the chiral ligand (POS) provides an efficient and highly stereoselective approach to γ‐amino ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Trialkylsilyl Triflimides as Easily Tunable Organocatalysts for Allylation and Benzylation of Silyl Carbon Nucleophiles with Non‐Genotoxic Reagents.
Authors: Mendoza Oscar , Rossey Guy , Ghosez Leon
Published: August 2010

The organocatalysts are generated in situ and demonstrated to be useful for various title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Microwave Activation of Hydrotalcite Clays in Michael Addition under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Vijaikumar Sakthivel , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: August 2010

Microwave irradiation is successfully utilized for the first time for activation of unmodified hydrotalcites in Michael addition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Diastereoselective Dibromination of Alkenes.
Authors: Zhu Mingzhao , Lin Shuangzheng , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Sun Junliang , Cordova Armando
Published: August 2010

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the formation of dibromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Formylation Without Catalyst and Solvent at 80 °C.
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Kundu Dhiman , Hajra Alakananda , Majee Adinath
Published: August 2010

The process affords good to excellent yields in a relatively short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective (Trans)thioacetalization of Carbonyl Compounds with a Reusable Lewis Acid—Surfactant‐Combined Copper Bis(dodecyl sulfate) Catalyst in Water.
Authors: Weng Shiue‐Shien , Chang Shen‐Chun , Chang Tsuan‐Hao , Chyn Jong‐Pyng , Lee Shu‐Wei , Li Chao‐An , Chen Fong‐kuang
Published: August 2010

A broad spectrum of aldehyde and ketone substrates can be used and many functionalities are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Component Reactions by Sequential Chemoselective Ugi—Mumm/Ugi—Smiles Reactions.
Authors: Brauch Sebastian , Gabriel Lars , Westermann Bernhard
Published: August 2010

The one‐pot Ugi—Mumm and Ugi—Smiles reactions of hydroxyacids (I) and (VI) give rise to peptide‐like derivatives (V) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Acid‐Catalyzed Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley—Aldol Reactions of Enolizable Aldehydes.
Authors: Seifert Andrea , Scheffler Ulf , Markert Morris , Mahrwald Rainer
Published: August 2010

The asymmetric version of the reaction is carried out under neat conditions using an alcohol, catalytic amount of TFA and dry LiClO4 as an additive and methyl silyl ether as a chiral hydrogen source.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Halocrotonates: Efficient Synthesis of Versatile Chiral Multifunctional Building Blocks.
Authors: den Hartog Tim , Macia Beatriz , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: August 2010

The highly enantioselective synthesis of α‐methyl‐substituted ester (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Triquinanes: A “One‐Pot” IMDA‐Tandem Metathesis Cascade Strategy: Ring‐Closing Metathesis (RCM) Dominates Norbornene ROM!
Authors: Nguyen Natalie N. M. , Leclere Mathieu , Stogaitis Nicole , Fallis Alex G.
Published: August 2010

One‐pot and stepwise methods are developed to prepare the target compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Allenes and Alkynes Through Ligand‐Controlled, Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Hydrogenolysis of Propargylic Formates.
Authors: Ohmiya Hirohisa , Yang Mingyu , Yamauchi Yoshihiro , Ohtsuka Yuhki , Sawamura Masaya
Published: August 2010

The linker chain length in the ligand decides on the formation of the allenes or propargyl derivatives, with the former obtained predominantly with the shorter chain (dppe) and the latter being preferred using Ph2P‐(CH2)6‐PPh2 as a ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile and Highly Reactive Polyfluorinated Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compound.
Authors: Schaefer Sascha , Wirth Thomas
Published: August 2010

The new iodine compound (V)(PFIA) effectively promotes the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides, conversion of sulfides into sulfoximines, homocoupling of arenes, and ring closure of unsaturated acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reaction System Using a Two Inlet Micro‐Flow Reactor: Application to Carbonyl Allylation.
Authors: Amemiya Fumihiro , Fuse Keishi , Fuchigami Toshio , Atobe Mahito
Published: August 2010

The combined use of suitable flow mode and corresponding cathode material enables chemoselective cathodic reduction to control the product regioselectively in carbonyl allylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted (E,E)‐Penta‐2,4‐dienals.
Authors: Grigorieva N. Ya. , Smirnov A. G. , Popovsky V. A. , Stepanov A. V.
Published: August 2010

Title compounds (IV) are prepared with nearly 100% stereoselectivity as key intermediates for strobilurins A and X synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: T3P® (Propylphosphonic Anhydride) Mediated Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Acid Azides and One‐Pot Synthesis of Ureidopeptides.
Authors: Basavaprabhu Basavaprabhu , Narendra N. , Lamani Ravi S. , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: August 2010

The method is high‐yielding and ecofriendly.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Mitsunobu Reactions with 3,5‐Dinitrobenzoic Acid.
Authors: But Tracy Yuen Sze , Lu Jinni , Toy Patrick H.
Published: August 2010

Mitsunobu reaction of acid (I) is carried out using the previously reported combination of stoichiometric amounts of Ph‐I(O‐Ac)2 and DEAD as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Formation of N,O‐Bidentate Ligand via the Hydrogen Bond for Highly Efficient Suzuki Reaction of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Yang Weibo , Liu Chun , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2010

An efficient protocol is elaborated for the phosphine‐free Suzuki reaction mediated by hydrogen bond complexes between EtOH and DMA.
ChemInform Abstract: Base Free Aryl Coupling of Diazonium Compounds and Boronic Esters: Self‐Activation Allowing an Overall Highly Practical Process.
Authors: Bonin Helene , Delbrayelle Dominique , Demonchaux Patrice , Gras Emmanuel
Published: August 2010

A series of dioxazaborocanes (III) is prepared and successfully used as starting compounds in a base‐free Suzuki—Miyaura reaction with diazonium salts (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [RhCl(CO)(cyclopentadienone)]2 from [RhCl(cod)]2 and a 1,6‐Diyne under CO: Application to Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem [2 + 2 + 1] Carbonylative Cycloaddition of Diynes and Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Lee Sang Ick , Fukumoto Yoshiya , Chatani Naoto
Published: August 2010

A series of bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives (III) is obtained by a novel rhodium‐catalyzed carbonylative cycloaddition of diynes (I) and Claisen rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Thiourea Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Anthrones to Maleimides.
Authors: Zea Alex , Valero Guillem , Alba Andrea‐Nekane R. , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon
Published: August 2010

The reaction with dithranol (I) provides Michael adducts with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Reaction Media for Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions by Using a Catalytic Amount of an Amphiphilic Imidazolium Salt in Water.
Authors: Asano Keisuke , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: August 2010

An interfacial medium is assembled in H2O by an amphiphilic imidazolium salt to form a hydrophobic membrane including an interface consisting of ammonium species.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to Diindenocarbazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation.
Authors: Rong Lingling , Liu Qiancai , Tang Jie , Chi Zhenguo
Published: August 2010

The title compounds (XI) could be used as blue‐emission materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 4‐Benzoyl‐1,5‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carbonyl Chlorides with Various Semi‐ and Thiosemicarbazides.
Authors: Korkusuz Elif , Yildirim Ismail
Published: August 2010

The chemical behavior of acid chloride (I) towards various semi‐ and thiosemicarbazides is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Synthesis, Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Sondhi Sham M. , Rani Reshma , Singh Jaiveer , Roy Partha , Agrawal S. K. , Saxena A. K.
Published: August 2010

Compounds (IIIa) and (IIIc) exhibit antiinflammatory activity comparable to standard ibuprofen and compound (IX) exhibits good anticancer activity against ovary (IGR‐OV‐1), breast (MCF‐7), and CNS (SF‐295) human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Phenolic Oxidative Amidation—Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction: An Approach to the Himandrine Core.
Authors: Liang Huan , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: August 2010

The reaction proceeds via an initial oxidation with PhI(OAc)2 in pure TFA as a solvent followed by heating in toluene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Alkylidene‐δ‐valerolactones via the Conjugate Addition of Ketone Enolates to Functionalized Allyl Acetates.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Bhattacharyya Annyt
Published: August 2010

A general synthesis of differently substituted α‐alkylidene‐δ‐valerolactones via the conjugate addition‐elimination of functionalized allylic acetates (I) with enolate nucleophiles (II),(V), and (IX) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich—Ketalization Reaction: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Aminobenzopyrans.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Lin Ming‐Yuan
Published: August 2010

The reaction of o‐hydroxy benzaldimines with electron‐rich alkenes proceeds under mild conditions in the presence of an air‐stable chiral catalyst and nicely complements Akiyama′s previously reported Broensted acid catalyzed reaction of aldimines with dihydrofurans and ‐pyrans leading to tetrahydroquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of a Spiroindane Based Compound as a Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable Melanocortin Subtype‐4 Receptor Agonist.
Authors: He Shuwen , et al. et al.
Published: August 2010

Design, multi‐step synthesis, and properties of diastereoisomeric spiroindanes of type (I) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized 4‐Aminoquinolines by Rearrangement of Pyrazole N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Muenster Niels , Dreger Andrij
Published: August 2010

Heating of betaines of type (I), (III), and (V) is found to provide pyrazole carbenes, which immediately undergo novel rearrangement to 4‐aminoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridines by a Multicomponent Reaction of β‐Enaminonitriles, α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes, and 2‐Aminothiol Hydrochlorides.
Authors: Perez‐Perrino Monica , del Villar‐Guerra Rafael , Sanudo M. Carmen , Calvo Luis A. , Gonzalez‐Ortega Alfonso
Published: August 2010

Although the synthetic interest for the multicomponent preparation of the title thiazolopyridines is evident, the stereochemical control is rather low.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Spironaphthopyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐5,3′‐indolines in Water.
Authors: Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Amanpour Tayebeh , Sayyafi Maryam , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: August 2010

A novel one‐pot reaction between barbituric acids, isatins, and β‐naphthol affords the previously unknown spiro compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SnCl2·2H2O‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 4(3H)‐Quinazolinones from Anthranilic Acid, Orthoesters, and Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wang Min , Song Zhiguo , Zhang Tingting
Published: August 2010

Triethyl orthoformate gives higher yields at shorter reaction time compared to the trimethyl orthoester.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydroquinazoline Derivatives by Aza Diels—Alder Reaction
Authors: Cremonesi Giuseppe , Dalla Croce Piero , Gallanti Maddalena , La Rosa Concetta
Published: August 2010

of N‐(2‐chloromethylphenyl)benzenesulfonamides with N‐benzylideneamines
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 2,3,5,6,7,8‐Hexasilabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐1‐yl‐Substituted Arenes.
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Kawaguchi Tomoaki , Nakagawa Hisashi , Oda Katsunari , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: August 2010

Incorporation of the title polysilacage moiety into chromophores such as biphenyl, terphenyl, stilbene and tolan is found to induce bathochromic shifts of absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as enhancements of molar extinction coefficients and fluorescence quantum yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Phosphorylated 1,2‐Disubstituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Huryeva A. N. , Marchenko A. P. , Koidan G. N. , Yurchenko A. A. , Zarudnitskii E. V. , Pinchuk A. M. , Kostyuk A. N.
Published: August 2010

A facile route to 4‐phosphorylated imidazoles starting from readily available 5‐diamidoselenophosphoryl‐imidazoles (VI) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethylsilylaminophosphane Heterocyclization of Isothiocyanates to Diazaphosphole‐Thiones Through Zwitterionic Intermediates.
Authors: Petrov Petar Y. , Angelov Christo M. , McDonald Robert , Alexiev Alexi , Cavell Ronald G.
Published: August 2010

Silylaminophosphane (I) reacts with isothiocyanates to novel five‐membered heterocyclic diazaphosphole‐thiones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Bioisostere of Valtrate, anti‐HIV Principle by Inhibition for Nuclear Export of Rev.
Authors: Tamura Satoru , Shimizu Nobuhiro , Fujiwara Katsuaki , Kaneko Masafumi , Kimura Tominori , Murakami Nobutoshi
Published: August 2010

A synthetic pathway to 5,6‐dihydrovaltrate (I) is described using an asymmetric Diels—Alder reaction between diethyl fumarate and cyclopentadiene as key step (catalyst and product configuration are not specified, yield quant., 95% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Cyano‐3,10‐dioxooleana‐1,9(11)‐dien‐28‐oic Acid Anhydride. A Novel and Highly Potent Antiinflammatory and Cytoprotective Agent.
Authors: Honda Tadashi , Padegimas Eric M. , David Emilie , Sundararajan Chitra , Liby Karen T. , Williams Charlotte , Sporn Michael B. , Visnick Melean
Published: August 2010

Title compound (I) is easily synthesized as first example of an oleane triterpenoid anhydride.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the ABC Ring Fragment of Brevisin, a New Dinoflagellate Polycyclic Ether.
Authors: Ohtani Naohito , Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Kuranaga Takefumi , Shirai Tomohiro , Wright Jeffrey L. C. , Baden Daniel G. , Satake Masayuki , Tachibana Kazuo
Published: August 2010

The polycyclic ether brevisin is isolated from the red‐tide dinoflagellate K.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cyanoglycosides, Hydracyanosides D, E, and F, from the Leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla.
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Nakamura Seikou , Matsuda Hisashi , Wu Lijun , Yoshikawa Masayuki
Published: August 2010

Together with 17 known compounds, three new cyanoglycosides named hydracyanosides D (I), E (II), and F (III) are isolated from the leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla cultivated in China.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2‐Hydroxy‐4,5‐methylenedioxyaryl Ketones as Analogues of Kakuol.
Authors: Musso Loana , Dallavalle Sabrina , Merlini Lucio , Farina Gandolfina
Published: August 2010

A diversity of structural analogues of kakuol (Ia) is prepared and their antifungal activity against several pathogenic strains is studied in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolomycins: Natural Product Lead Structures for Novel Antibacterials by Click Fragment Conjugation.
Authors: Bagwell Claire L. , Moloney Mark G. , Yaqoob Muhammad
Published: August 2010

Variation of amide and lactam subunits by a Click type approach provides access to structural mimics of oxazolomycin antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Sex Pheromone of Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata via Lithiated Carbanion Derived from Enephosphoramide.
Authors: Olszewski Tomasz Krzysztof , Grison Claude
Published: August 2010

Arising from retrosynthetic analysis, assets and drawbacks of two different approaches to title compound (VII) are compared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications of Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Hao Rui , Xing Ruijun , Xu Zhichuan , Hou Yanglong , Gao Song , Sun Shouheng
Published: August 2010

Review: 169 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Oxide Nanorod Based Photonic Devices: Recent Progress in Growth, Light Emitting Diodes and Lasers
Authors: Willander M. , Nur O. , Zhao Q. X. , Yang L. L. , Lorenz M. , Cao B. Q. , Perez J. Zuniga , Czekalla C. , Zimmermann G. , Grundmann M. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2010

Review: 280 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Architecture by Secondary Bonds [With Gold]
Authors: Olmos Maria Elena
Published: August 2010

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold—Heterometal Interactions and Bonds
Authors: Silvestru Cristian
Published: August 2010

Review: 630 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Nanomaterials
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo J. , Monge Miguel
Published: August 2010

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazonoyl Halides: A Bubbling Fountain of Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Shawali Ahmad Sami
Published: August 2010

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N,O‐Heterocycles
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: August 2010

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Potential of 4‐Thiazolidinone
Authors: Abhinit Mulay , Ghodke Mangesh , Pratima Nikalje Anna
Published: August 2010

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chroman‐4‐ones by Reduction of Chromones
Authors: Semeniuchenko Volodymyr , Groth Ulrich , Khilya Volodymyr
Published: August 2010

Review: 261 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Historic Overview and Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Superstatins
Authors: Casar Zdenko
Published: August 2010

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioamide Dianions Derived from N‐Arylmethyl Thioamides: Generation and Application as Carbon Nucleophiles Adjacent to the Nitrogen Atom
Authors: Murai Toshiaki
Published: August 2010

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Acyl Transfer
Authors: Debieux Jean‐Luc , Bochet Christian G.
Published: August 2010

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Phosphorus and Nitrogen Donor Ligands Bearing Secondary Functionalities for Applications in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Pleier Anna‐Katharina , Sun Yu , Schubert Anett , Zabel Dirk , May Claudia , Reis Andreas , Wolmershauser Gotthelf , Thiel Werner R.
Published: August 2010

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Regeneration in Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) and Cyclization (ATRC) Reactions
Authors: Pintauer Tomislav
Published: August 2010

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unraveling the Biosynthesis of Nature′s Fastest Hydrogenase
Authors: Rauchfuss Thomas B.
Published: August 2010

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Distinction of Enantiomers by NMR Spectroscopy Using Chiral Orienting Media
Authors: Luy Burkhard
Published: August 2010

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of NMR Spectroscopy in Isotope Effects Studies
Authors: Jankowski Stefan
Published: August 2010

Review: 103 refs.
RelHunter: a machine learning method for relation extraction from text
Authors: Fernandes Eraldo R. , Milidiú Ruy L. , Rentería Raúl P.
Published: August 2010

We propose RelHunter, a machine learning-based method for the extraction of structured information from text. RelHunter’s key idea is to model the target structures as a relation over entities. Hence, the modeling effort is reduced to the identification of entities and the generation of a candidate relation, which are simpler problems than the original one. RelHunter fits a very broad spectrum of complex computational linguistic problems. We apply it to five tasks: phrase chunking, clause identification, hedge detection, quotation extraction, and dependency parsing. We compare RelHunter to token classification approaches through several computational experiments on seven multilingual corpora. RelHunter outperforms the token classification approaches by 2.14% on average. Moreover, we compare the derived systems against state-of-the-art systems for each corpus. Our systems achieve state-of-the-art performances for three corpora: Portuguese phrase chunking, Portuguese clause identification, and English quotation extraction. Additionally, the derived systems show good quality performance for the other four corpora.
Nuclear EGFR shuttling induced by ionizing radiation is regulated by phosphorylation at residue Thr654
Authors: Dittmann Klaus , Mayer Claus , Fehrenbacher Birgit , Schaller Martin , Kehlbach Rainer , Rodemann H. Peter
Published: August 2010

MINT‐7987956: Karyopherin alpha (uniprotkb:P52294) physically interacts (MI:0915) with EGFR (uniprotkb:P00533) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
J–V characteristics of dark and illuminated classical and inverted organic solar cells based on the CuPc/C60 heterojunction
Authors: Morsli M , Cattin L , Bernède J C , Kumar P , Chand S
Published: August 2010

A comparison of the performances of classical and inverted organic solar cells based on the junction copper phthalocyanine/fullerene (CuPc/C60) shows that the former devices give the best efficiency. The transport properties of charge carriers in the organic material and the interface properties have been investigated using a mathematical simulation taking into account the effect of bulk and interface properties. Good agreement between experimental and calculated values can be achieved using different parameter values following the type of solar cells. In classical solar cells, the current is space charge limited, while there is no barrier at the contact electrode/organic material. In the case of inverted solar cells it is necessary to introduce a barrier contact at these interfaces to achieve a good fit between experimental and theoretical values. Therefore, the lower efficiency of the inverted solar cells is due to the barrier contact at the interface and smaller electrode work function difference.
Thermal expansion coefficients and composition of sputter-deposited silicon oxynitride thin films
Authors: McKerracher I R , Fu L , Tan H H , Jagadish C
Published: August 2010

Modern technology is heavily reliant on silicon dioxide and silicon nitride thin films. These films have many electronic and optical applications, and in some cases silicon oxynitride films of intermediate composition are desirable. We have systematically deposited several SiO
x
N
y
films by magnetron sputter deposition and thoroughly investigated their composition with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and optical measurements. The as-deposited stress in these thin films was also measured and all were found to be compressive.

Temperature-dependent stress measurements up to 450 °C were then used to extract the biaxial modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion for each SiO
x
N
y
. The SiO2-like films exhibit negative thermal expansion, which is consistent with a strong but porous structure. Increasing the nitrogen content results in the thermal expansion coefficient increasing towards values reported elsewhere for Si3N4.
The effect of potassium addition on plasma parameters in argon dc plasma arc
Authors: Ranković D , Kuzmanović M , Savović J , Pavlović M S , Stoiljković M , Momčilović M
Published: August 2010

The effect of potassium addition on the radial distribution of temperature and electron number density in a U-shaped direct current (dc) argon plasma operating at different arc currents has been studied by optical emission spectroscopic techniques and the power interruption method. Spatially resolved electron number densities (n
e) have been determined from measured radial profiles of Balmer-Hβ spectral line. The obtained electron number densities have been used for thermodynamic temperature (T
LTE) evaluation with the assumption that the arc plasma is in a state of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The excitation temperatures (T
exc) have been determined from the absolute integral emissivity of the argon line at 430.01 nm. For heavy particle temperature (T
h) evaluations we have used a power interruption method. The obtained results have shown that an addition of KCl decreases both electron number density and temperature of the arc column. The magnitude of such an influence on plasma parameters increases with an increase in the KCl concentration and decreases with an increase in the arc current.
Absolute ground-state nitrogen atom density in a N2/CH4 late afterglow: TALIF experiments and modelling studies
Authors: Es-sebbar Et , C-Gazeau M , Benilan Y , Jolly A , Pintassilgo C D
Published: August 2010

Following a first study on a late afterglow in flowing pure nitrogen post discharge, we report new two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) measurements of the absolute ground-state atomic nitrogen density N(4S) and investigate the influence of methane introduced downstream from the discharge by varying the CH4 mixing ratio from 0% up to 50%. The N (4S) maximum density is about 2.2 × 1015 cm−3 in pure N2 for a residence time of 22 ms and does not change significantly for methane mixing ratio up to ∼15%, while above, a drastic decrease is observed. The influence of the residence time has been studied.

A kinetic model has been developed to determine the elementary processes responsible for the evolution of the N (4S) density in N2/CH4 late afterglow. This model shows the same decrease as the experimental results even though absolute density values are always larger by about a factor of 3. In the late afterglow three-body recombination dominates the loss of N (4S) atoms whatever the CH4 mixing ratio. For high CH4 mixing ratio, the destruction process through collisions with CH3, H2CN and NH becomes important and is responsible for the observed decrease of the N (4S) density.
Net emission of Ar–H2–He thermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Cressault Y , Rouffet M E , Gleizes A , Meillot E
Published: August 2010

The net emission coefficient (NEC) has been calculated for Ar–H2–He thermal plasmas and for a temperature range from 5000 to 30 000 K. The plasma is supposed to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. This study takes into account the radiation resulting from the atomic continuum, the molecular continuum and the atomic lines. Particular attention has been paid to the treatment of helium lines broadenings. The results of NECs are presented for pure gases and Ar–H2–He mixtures. Radiation is weak in pure helium at low temperatures because of the high ionization energy of this species. Conversely, at very high temperature, the influence of hydrogen tends to decrease because ionic lines do not exist for this last species. Finally, a small proportion of helium in Ar–H2 mixtures does not change the NEC because of the weak intensity of the helium lines.
Radiation of planar electromagnetic waves by a line source in anisotropic metamaterials
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Jiang Wei Xiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2010

We show experimentally that a line source in an anisotropic metamaterial directly radiates planar electromagnetic waves instead of cylindrical waves, when one component of the permeability tensor approaches zero. The impedance of this material can be perfectly matched to that of free space, which can significantly reduce the reflections between the source and the superstrate, as in traditional highly directive antennas based on zero index metamaterials. Such a unique property determines the two-way propagation of electromagnetic waves excited by a line source, instead of all-way propagation. From this feature, a highly directive emission of electromagnetic waves is achieved using the anisotropic metamaterial with arbitrary shape. We have designed and fabricated the anisotropic metamaterial in the microwave region, and observed the generation of plane waves and their highly directive emission. The proposed plane-wave emission is independent of the shape variance of the anisotropic metamaterial, which can be utilized in the design of conformal antennas.
Gene function prediction using semantic similarity clustering and enrichment analysis in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Tedder Philip M. R. , Bradford James R. , Needham Chris J. , McConkey Glenn A. , Bulpitt Andrew J. , Westhead David R.
Published: August 2010

Motivation: Functional genomics data provides a rich source of information that can be used in the annotation of the thousands of genes of unknown function found in most sequenced genomes. However, previous gene function prediction programs are mostly produced for relatively well-annotated organisms that often have a large amount of functional genomics data. Here, we present a novel method for predicting gene function that uses clustering of genes by semantic similarity, a naïve Bayes classifier and ‘enrichment analysis’ to predict gene function for a genome that is less well annotated but does has a severe effect on human health, that of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Results: Predictions for the molecular function, biological process and cellular component of P.falciparum genes were created from eight different datasets with a combined prediction also being produced. The high-confidence predictions produced by the combined prediction were compared to those produced by a simple K-nearest neighbour classifier approach and were shown to improve accuracy and coverage. Finally, two case studies are described, which investigate two biological processes in more detail, that of translation initiation and invasion of the host cell.

Availability: Predictions produced are available at http://www.bioinformatics.leeds.ac.uk/∼bio5pmrt/PAGODA

Contact:  D.R.Westhead@leeds.ac.uk

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Alpha‐receptor blockade improves muscle perfusion and glucose uptake in heart failure
Authors: Gomes Marc E.R. , Mulder Alexandra , Bellersen Louise , Verheugt Freek W.A. , Smits Paul , Tack Cees J.
Published: August 2010

Aims

Alpha‐adrenergic receptor‐mediated vasoconstriction might underlie the insulin resistance seen in conditions associated with increased sympathetic tone, like chronic heart failure (CHF). Alpha‐adrenergic receptor blockade by phentolamine could improve forearm blood flow (FBF) and forearm glucose uptake (FGU) in CHF patients.

Methods and results

In 8 CHF patients and in 12 healthy volunteers, FBF (plethysmography) and FGU were measured in both forearms during a 150 min hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp procedure. During the final 30 min of the clamp, phentolamine was infused into one arm (experimental arm) at a dose of 5.0 μg; min−1 dL−1 of forearm volume. Insulin infusion (t = 0–120 min) increased FGU in the two groups, without affecting FBF. In the CHF group, α‐adrenergic receptor blockade by phentolamine (t = 120–150 min) further increased FGU in the experimental arm from 3.0 ± 0.7 to 5.0 ± 0.9 μmol min−1 dL−1 (P = 0.03). Forearm glucose uptake in the contralateral forearm remained unchanged. In the control group, phentolamine infusion did not increase FGU in the experimental forearm. The increase in blood flow in response to phentolamine was similar in both groups (CHF: 2.1 ± 0.3–7.5 ± 1.7 mL min−1 dL−1, P < 0.001; controls 1.5 ± 0.2–5.5 ± 0.8 mL min−1 dL−1, P < 0.001 for both, CHF vs. control, P = 0.2). Phentolamine did not affect FBF in the control arm in either group.

Conclusion

Alpha‐adrenergic receptor blockade improves FGU in CHF patients. As the increase in FBF is similar in controls and CHF patients, this might be explained by an improved glucose‐extraction capacity in CHF patients.
Marmoricola korecus sp. nov.
Authors: Lee Soon Dong , Lee Dong Wan , Ko Young-Hwan
Published: August 2010

A novel actinomycete, designated strain Sco-A36T, was isolated from volcanic ash. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-motile cocci; colonies were yellow-coloured, smooth, entire and convex. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the organism formed a distinct phyletic line within the radiation of the genus Marmoricola. Its closest phylogenetic neighbours were Marmoricola aurantiacus DSM 12652T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Marmoricola scoriae Sco-D01T (97.9 %), Marmoricola aequoreus SST-45T (97.4 %) and Marmoricola bigeumensis MSL-05T (96.3 %). The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell walls was ll-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids contained phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unknown phospholipid. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain Sco-A36T was 71.0 mol%. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between the new isolate and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Marmoricola were 4.9–29.2 %. The phenotypic and DNA–DNA hybridization data presented here strongly suggest that strain Sco-A36T represents a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the name Marmoricola korecus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Sco-A36T ( = KCTC 19596T = DSM 22128T).
Halomonas daqiaonensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, denitrifying bacterium isolated from a littoral saltern
Authors: Qu Lingyun , Lai Qiliang , Zhu Fengling , Hong Xuguang , Zhang Jinxing , Shao Zongze , Sun Xiuqin
Published: August 2010

Two novel Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated YCSA28T and YCSA39, were isolated from sediment of Daqiao saltern, Jimo, Qingdao, on the east coast of China. The two strains grew optimally at 28–30 °C, at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 7–8 % (w/v) NaCl. They were assigned to the genus Halomonas, class Gammaproteobacteria, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The major cellular fatty acids of the two strains were C18 : 1ω7c (42.9 %), C16 : 0 (23.1 %) and C16 : 1ω7c/ω6c (18.0 %), and Q-9 was the major ubiquinone. The G+C content of the DNA of strains YCSA28T and YCSA39 was 63.7 and 63.9 mol%, respectively. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone, cellular fatty acid profiles and DNA G+C content of strains YCSA28T and YCSA39 were consistent with those of recognized species of the genus Halomonas. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strains YCSA28T and YCSA39, between YCSA28T and Halomonas ventosae Al12T, and between YCSA39 and H. ventosae Al12T were 95, 45 and 50 %, respectively. Together, these data indicated that strains YCSA28T and YCSA39 represent a single novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas daqiaonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YCSA28T ( = CGMCC 1.9150T  = NCCB 100305T  = MCCC 1B00920T).
Massive turnover of functional sequence in human and other mammalian genomes
Authors: Meader Stephen , Ponting Chris P. , Lunter Gerton
Published: August 2010

Despite the availability of dozens of animal genome sequences, two key questions remain unanswered: First, what fraction of any species' genome confers biological function, and second, are apparent differences in organismal complexity reflected in an objective measure of genomic complexity? Here, we address both questions by applying, across the mammalian phylogeny, an evolutionary model that estimates the amount of functional DNA that is shared between two species' genomes. Our main findings are, first, that as the divergence between mammalian species increases, the predicted amount of pairwise shared functional sequence drops off dramatically. We show by simulations that this is not an artifact of the method, but rather indicates that functional (and mostly noncoding) sequence is turning over at a very high rate. We estimate that between 200 and 300 Mb (∼6.5%–10%) of the human genome is under functional constraint, which includes five to eight times as many constrained noncoding bases than bases that code for protein. In contrast, in D. melanogaster we estimate only 56–66 Mb to be constrained, implying a ratio of noncoding to coding constrained bases of about 2. This suggests that, rather than genome size or protein-coding gene complement, it is the number of functional bases that might best mirror our naïve preconceptions of organismal complexity.
CRX ChIP-seq reveals the cis-regulatory architecture of mouse photoreceptors
Authors: Corbo Joseph C. , Lawrence Karen A. , Karlstetter Marcus , Myers Connie A. , Abdelaziz Musa , Dirkes William , Weigelt Karin , Seifert Martin , Benes Vladimir , Fritsche Lars G. , Weber Bernhard H.F. , Langmann Thomas
Published: August 2010

Approximately 98% of mammalian DNA is noncoding, yet we understand relatively little about the function of this enigmatic portion of the genome. The cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression reside in noncoding regions and can be identified by mapping the binding sites of tissue-specific transcription factors. Cone-rod homeobox (CRX) is a key transcription factor in photoreceptor differentiation and survival, but its in vivo targets are largely unknown. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) on CRX to identify thousands of cis-regulatory regions around photoreceptor genes in adult mouse retina. CRX directly regulates downstream photoreceptor transcription factors and their target genes via a network of spatially distributed regulatory elements around each locus. CRX-bound regions act in a synergistic fashion to activate transcription and contain multiple CRX binding sites which interact in a spacing- and orientation-dependent manner to fine-tune transcript levels. CRX ChIP-seq was also performed on Nrl−/− retinas, which represent an enriched source of cone photoreceptors. Comparison with the wild-type ChIP-seq data set identified numerous rod- and cone-specific CRX-bound regions as well as many shared elements. Thus, CRX combinatorially orchestrates the transcriptional networks of both rods and cones by coordinating the expression of photoreceptor genes including most retinal disease genes. In addition, this study pinpoints thousands of noncoding regions of relevance to both Mendelian and complex retinal disease.
Factors influencing organic food purchase in India – expert survey insights
Authors: Chakrabarti Somnath
Published: August 2010

Purpose

The paper aims to document the findings of an expert survey in the organic food category in India. It seeks to highlight the relative importance attached by the experts to key explanatory variables in the consumers' purchase process of organic food. It attempts to integrate with the relevant consumer survey findings published in India in recent times in organic food category.

Design/methodology/approach

The list of experts was prepared by including regular and well‐known speakers in different agri enclaves and summits and who are members of different food industry bodies. Experts were contacted through judgmental sampling method. Feedback on the expert questionnaires was collected from July to October 2007 from 33 highly knowledgeable senior experts primarily through face‐to‐face personal surveys and through e‐mail surveys.

Findings

Importance placed on health motivation has the highest average rating and is one of the lowest standard deviations among the explanatory variables in the expert survey. Experts also rate the importance of the three mentioned attitudes (about conviction about utility of organic food, reputation of store and certification process‐related information), organic food‐specific consumer innovativeness, organic food‐specific consumer opinion leadership, word of mouth (WOM) (activity), WOM (praise) and affective commitment about the store to be high in the consumers' purchase process.

Originality/value

The novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it addresses the key issues facing the organic food category in India from an expert survey point of view.
The effectiveness of non‐executive directors in Chinese state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Kakabadse Nada K. , Yang Hong , Sanders Richard
Published: August 2010

Purpose

The primary aim of this paper is to examine whether boards of directors with independent members function as effective corporate governance mechanisms in Chinese State‐Owned Enterprises (SOEs), by analysing four characteristics of non‐executive directors (NEDs) that impact on their effectiveness, namely their degree of independence, information, incentive, and competence.

Design/methodology/approach

Being exploratory in nature, the research uses qualitative methods for data collection. It is based on an interpretivist perspective of social sciences, analysing and explaining the factors that influence the effectiveness of NEDs.

Findings

The findings indicate that the NED system is weak in China as a result of the concentrated ownership structure, unique business culture, intervention of controlling shareholders and the lack of understanding of the benefits brought by NEDs.

Research limitations/implications

The paper examines the salient features of and challenges to the system of NEDs of SOEs in present‐day China. It provides an understanding of how the various perceptions of the board, gathered from in‐depth interviews of corporate directors, leads to new interpretations of board effectiveness. The research, however, is limited owing to a relatively small sample size and the sensitive nature of the information collected.

Originality/value

The study aims to fill gaps in the literature and contribute to it by assessing the “real” views and perceptions of NEDs in China in an institutional environment significantly different from that of the USA, the UK and other western economies.
Uncertainty, risk, and real options: who wins, who loses?
Authors: Reed Richard , Storrud‐Barnes Susan F.
Published: August 2010

Purpose

Real‐options have moved from being an academic theory to a decision‐making tool that is being used by managers. The thinking underpinning real options has remained true to its financial options‐pricing heritage, which means that it is based on an assumption of managerial risk‐neutrality. Managers can be risk‐seeking or risk‐averse, depending on whether or not they are meeting performance targets. This paper aims to explore the questions of what happens when the assumption of risk neutrality is relaxed and how the outcomes of managerial decisions on investments affect the firm's stockholders and bondholders.

Design/methodology/approach

The work is conceptual in its approach.

Findings

Managers, stockholders, or bondholders do not lose when managers are performing above target and when environmental uncertainty is high, or below target when environmental uncertainty is low, but managers win at the expense of stockholders when they are meeting performance targets and uncertainty is low, and managers win at the expense of bondholders when they are performing below target and uncertainty is high.

Research limitations/implications

Propositions are provided for subsequent empirical testing. The paper holds environmental complexity and munificence constant, but discusses the implication of that in the conclusions.

Practical implications

The research has implications for shareholders and bondholders. It also has implications for Boards of Directors and the actions they take within their monitoring and control duties.

Originality/value

Because the paper is able to separate the constructs of uncertainty and risk, this is the first work that has been able to fully relax the assumption of risk neutrality that underpins real‐options theory.
Antioxidant activity of seed extracts of Annona squamosa and Carica papaya
Authors: Kothari Vijay , Seshadri Sriram
Published: August 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate various extracts of Annona squamosa L (Annonanceae) and Carica papaya L (Caricaceae) seeds for their antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging ability, total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Design/methodology/approach

Samples from both the seeds were prepared by subjecting them to microwave‐assisted extraction. After determining their antioxidant properties and polyphenolic contents, correlation between them was also investigated.

Findings

Highest antioxidant activity (3,179.66 g gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) and phenol content were registered by chloroform:methanol extract of C. papaya seeds. Maximum radical scavenging activity (3,201.63 ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity g/100 g of dry extract) was exerted by water extract of A. squamosa seeds, whereas acetone extract of C. papaya registered highest flavonoid content among all extracts. Polar extracts were found to be better free radical scavengers compared with those less polar. Hexane extracts showed least DPPH radical scavenging activity. Acetone proved efficient in extracting flavonoids, whereas phenols were best extracted in a mixture of chloroform and methanol. Phenolic metabolites seem to be contributing significantly towards antioxidant activity of the C. papaya extracts, but less so in the case of A. squamosa.

Originality/value

There have been few reports on antioxidant activity of non‐edible parts of commonly consumed fruits. The research indicates that seeds may be a promising source of antioxidants, which may have therapeutic implications.
Trade linkages between China, India and Singapore
Authors: Jayawickrama Ananda , Thangavelu Shandre M.
Published: August 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the trade linkages and degree of export competitiveness between Singapore, China and India.

Design/methodology/approach

Balassa's export performance index and the dynamic RCA index was adopted, as suggested by Kreinin and Plummer to identify the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of the above countries in industrial products by SITC 1‐ and 2‐digit levels. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is used to identify the degree of complementarity between RCA indices.

Findings

Given the abundant resources, China and India have comparative advantage in a broad range of manufactured goods as compared to Singapore. From the disaggregated analysis at 2‐digit level, the paper finds that the Singapore and China exports are complements, although the degree of complementarity has being declining over time. Meanwhile, Singapore and India exports are found to be stronger complements and stable over time. The results also show that China and India exports are strong substitutes. The paper also finds that the export specialization of China and India has experienced significant changes and shifting to new export products over time.

Originality/value

Given the recent trade agreements between China and Singapore and India and Singapore, it is important to examine the trade linkages (complementarity/substitutability of trade) between these countries. The paper highlights the importance of China and India in complementing countries such as Singapore as it climbs the technological ladder to maintain its competitiveness in the world market.