bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sigma‐2 receptor antagonists rescue neuronal dysfunction induced by Parkinson’s patient brain‐derived α‐synuclein
Authors: Limegrover Colleen S. , Yurko Raymond , Izzo Nicholas J. , LaBarbera Kelsie M. , Rehak Courtney , Look Gary , Rishton Gilbert , Safferstein Hank , Catalano Susan M.
Published: January 2021

α‐Synuclein oligomers are thought to have a pivotal role in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α‐synucleinopathies, causing dysregulation of protein trafficking, autophagy/lysosomal function, and protein clearance, as well as synaptic function impairment underlying motor and cognitive symptoms of PD. Moreover, trans‐synaptic spread of α‐synuclein oligomers is hypothesized to mediate disease progression. Therapeutic approaches that effectively block α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced pathogenesis are urgently needed. Here, we show for the first time that α‐synuclein species isolated from human PD patient brain and recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers caused similar deficits in lipid vesicle trafficking rates in cultured rat neurons and glia, while α‐synuclein species isolated from non‐PD human control brain samples did not. Recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers also increased neuronal expression of lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2A (LAMP‐2A), the lysosomal receptor that has a critical role in chaperone‐mediated autophagy. Unbiased screening of several small molecule libraries (including the NIH Clinical Collection) identified sigma‐2 receptor antagonists as the most effective at blocking α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced trafficking deficits and LAMP‐2A upregulation in a dose‐dependent manner. These results indicate that antagonists of the sigma‐2 receptor complex may alleviate α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced neurotoxicity and are a novel therapeutic approach for disease modification in PD and related α‐synucleinopathies.
Leadless pacemaker through tricuspid bioprosthetic valve: Early experience
Authors: Morani Giovanni , Bolzan Bruna , Pepe Antonio , Ribichini Flavio Luciano
Published: January 2021

Background

Leadless pacemaker (LP) therapy has been proved effective in cases where traditional transvenous right pacing (TRP) failed. TRP through a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve (BTV) has always been considered an unpreferable solution because of possible deleterious effect of permanent pacing leads on BTV function and specifically on tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Very limited data exist about the feasibility and safety of LP implantation in this setting.

Methods

We describe two cases of LP implantation through BTV in patients with failure of epicardial pacemaker implanted after cardiac surgery. The focus is on technical description of the procedure and on electrical and echocardiographic evaluation at implantation and at the follow‐up.

Results

In both cases, skilled and careful handling of the delivery system as well as proper use of X‐ray oblique views was determinant for atraumatic successful valve crossing. Likewise, an accurate selection of the deployment site inside the right ventricle, far enough from the valve to avoid valvular dysfunction, was important for successful implantation. Electrical parameters of LP were satisfying at implantation and at the follow‐up. The echocardiogram after implantation and at the follow‐up showed no mechanical interference of LP with prosthetic valve, no significant TR, and absence of significant changes in the biventricular function.

Conclusion

Our data seem to support feasibility and safety of this type of procedure in skilled hands, allowing efficacious pacing without valvular dysfunction or right ventricular (RV) physiology impairment.
Green Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane for High Damping Capacity
Authors: Zhang Wenhai , Ma Fangxing , Meng Zhaohui , Kong Lingqing , Dai Ziyang , Zhao Guangxing , Zhu Anna , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Lin Naibo
Published: January 2021

Damping materials have application prospects in shock absorption and noise reduction due to their ability to convert vibration into other forms of energy dissipation. Although there have been tremendous attempts to prepare materials with high damping performance, it is still a challenge to fabricate materials with excellent mechanical properties and stability while maintaining a high energy dissipation capacity. Herein, damping materials of reinforced waterborne polyurethane by adjusting the ratio of soft and hard segments is reported. As the content of hard segments increases, the content of hydrogen bonds interaction between segments increases and the phase boundaries on the microscopic morphology form which obviously enhances the damping capacity. The ultimate samples exhibit a damping capacity of more than 90% and a toughness of 14.8 MJ m–3, maintaining good toughness while exceeding the damping capacity of the most reported materials. The damping mechanisms are summarized into three aspects, the frication among soft segments, the destruction of hydrogen bonds, and the interface friction between soft and hard domains. This work paves an avenue for the application of waterborne polyurethane materials in kinetic energy buffering and impact reduction.
Existence and uniqueness of solution for multidimensional parabolic partial differential‐algebraic equations arising in semiconductor modeling
Authors: Alì Giuseppe , Rotundo Nella
Published: January 2021

This paper concerns with a compact network model combined with distributed models for semiconductor devices. For linear RLC networks containing distributed semiconductor devices, we construct a mathematical model that joins the differential‐algebraic initial value problem for the electric circuit with multidimensional parabolic‐elliptic boundary value problems for the devices. We prove an existence and uniqueness result and the asymptotic behavior of this mixed initial boundary value problem of partial differential‐algebraic equations.
I have the bank in my pocket: Theoretical evidence and perspectives
Authors: Singu Hari Babu , Chakraborty Debarun
Published: January 2021

Mobile payment services are the most growing business in recent days and it is the most cost‐effective tool as well. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the adoption of m‐payment services in emerging economies, which was attained by implementing the descriptive research design. Accordingly, the collection of 440 responses was carried out via the e‐mail method, wherein the respondents were selected by using the convenience sampling method. To this end, the research adapted the dimensions of UTAUT, ISS model, trust, and perceived security to examine one's adoption behavior toward mobile banking services. It was thus found that system quality yielded the strongest and significant influence on the intention to adopt, whereby the latter element served as a mediator and fully mediated the relationships between effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and intention to recommend. Henceforth, the findings obtained in this study would aid industry practitioners in exploring pertinent strategies toward encouraging the adoption of mobile banking services not only among individuals but also for microentrepreneurs and SMEs. This is further achieved via the combination of the dimensions included in the UTAUT and ISS models along with the elements of trust and perceived security, thereby offering tremendous value addition to the existing literature. This particular study will further make several contribution toward mobile banking and mobile payment services related literature.
The prognosis of common arterial trunk from a fetal perspective: A prenatal cohort study and systematic literature review
Authors: van Nisselrooij Amber E. L. , Herling Lotta , Clur Sally‐Ann , Linskens Ingeborg H. , Pajkrt Eva , Rammeloo Lukas A. , ten Harkel Arend D. J. , Hazekamp Mark G. , Blom Nico A. , Haak Monique C.
Published: January 2021

Objective

The limited number of large fetal cohort studies on common arterial trunk (CAT) impedes prenatal counseling at midgestation. This study evaluates the prognosis of CAT from a fetal perspective.

Method

Fetuses with a prenatally diagnosed CAT were extracted from the PRECOR registry (2002–2016). We evaluated fetal and postnatal survival and the presence of additional morbidity at last follow‐up. Literature databases were searches systematically for additional cases.

Results

Thirty‐eight cases with a prenatal diagnosis of CAT were identified in our registry, of which 18/38 (47%) opted for pregnancy termination (TOP). Two cases resulted in spontaneous intrauterine demise (10%, 2/20), six cases demised postnatally (33%, 6/18), leaving 60% (12/20) alive, after exclusion of TOP, at a mean age of six (range: 2–10 years).

Additional morbidity was found in 42% (5/12) of survivors, including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Adams‐Oliver syndrome and intestinal atresia, whereas 8% (1/12) had developmental delay. The remaining 30% (6/12) of survivors appeared isolated with normal development. All of whom six required replacement of the initial right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. Additionally, we reviewed 197 literature cases on short‐term outcome.

Conclusion

The risk of fetal and neonatal demise, as well as significant morbidity amongst survivors, should be included in prenatal counseling for CAT.
Pediatrician intervention impacts parental smoking in cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and bronchiolitis
Authors: Lafont Maxime , Morin Carole , Arrouy Amélie , Rabeau Audrey , Labouret Géraldine , Roditis Léa , Michelet Marine , Mittaine Marie
Published: January 2021

Background

Child exposure to cigarette smoke is harmful. It should be reduced through parental smoking cessation interventions. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of simple advice provided by the pediatrician on the smoking habits of parents of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), diabetes mellitus (DM), and infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis.

Methods

Parents were interviewed on their smoking habits. Smoking cessation advice was provided by the pediatrician. A new smoking habits assessment was done at 3 months by phone interviews.

Results

A total of 260 parents were interviewed (91 in the CF group, 136 in the DM group, and 33 in the bronchiolitis group). A total of 70 parents were active smokers: 33% of parents of children with CF, 23.5% of parents of children with DM, and 24.2% for those with infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis (p = .42). In the CF group, smoking cessation had been significantly more frequently discussed with the medical team previously. A total of 67 smoking parents (95.7%) answered the 3‐month assessment: 29.8% reported having started a smoking cessation process; 10.4% had quit smoking. The quitting rate was significantly higher in the groups of patients followed for a respiratory disorder (37.5% for bronchiolitis, 15% for CF vs. 0% for DM, p = .005).

Conclusion

This study shows the important role that information and simple advice from pediatricians can have in initiating smoking cessation in parents of patients followed in specialized clinics or who are hospitalized, with a greater efficiency in parents of patients suffering from lung disorders.
Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the Transmural Trauma Care Model investigated in a multicenter trial with a controlled before‐and‐after design: A study protocol
Authors: Ratter Julia , Wiertsema Suzanne , van Dongen Johanna M. , Geleijn Edwin , Ostelo Raymond W. J. G. , de Groot Vincent , Bloemers Frank W.
Published: January 2021

Objective

The rehabilitation of trauma patients in primary care is challenging, and there are no guidelines for optimal treatment. Also, the organization of care is not well‐structured. The Transmural Trauma Care Model (TTCM) has been developed in the Netherlands, aiming to improve patient outcomes by optimizing the organization and the quality of the rehabilitation process in primary care. A recent feasibility study showed that implementation of the TTCM at a Dutch Level 1 trauma center was feasible, patient outcomes were improved, and costs were reduced. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the TTCM compared to the usual care in a multicenter trial.

Methods

A multicenter trial with a controlled before‐and‐after design will be performed at 10 hospitals in the Netherlands. First, participating hospitals will include 322 patients in the control group, receiving usual care as provided in these specific hospitals. Subsequently, the TTCM will be implemented in all participating hospitals, and hospitals will include an additional 322 patients in the intervention group. The TTCM consists of a multidisciplinary team at the outpatient clinic (trauma surgeon and hospital‐based physical therapist), an educated and trained network of primary care trauma physical therapists, and structural communication between them. Co‐primary outcomes will investigate generic and disease‐specific, health‐related quality of life. Secondary outcomes will include pain, patient satisfaction, perceived recovery, and patient‐reported physical functioning. For the economic evaluation, societal and healthcare costs will be measured. Measurements will take place at baseline and after 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 9 months. Analyses will be based on the intention‐to‐treat principle. Missing data will be handled using longitudinal data analyses in the effect analyses and by multivariate imputation in the economic evaluation.

Conclusion

This trial with a controlled before‐and‐after design will give insight into the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the TTCM in a multicenter trial.
A note on ‘The exponentiated power Lomax distribution and its applications'
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Afuecheta Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

Abd El‐Monsef, Sweilam and Sabry [Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 2020, doi: 10.1002/qre.2780] proposed a four‐parameter exponentiated power Lomax distribution, derived its properties and illustrated three data applications. In this note, we show that several properties expressed in terms of infinite sums can be simplified to a known special function. We also show that certain one‐parameter distributions can provide better fits to at least two of the data sets considered.
Synthesis of Fe2O3/TiO2/graphene aerogel composite as an efficient Fenton‐photocatalyst for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Authors: Tu Tran Hoang , Tai Le Tan , Tien Nguyen Tan , Huong Le Minh , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Nam Hoang Minh , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu
Published: January 2021

In the present study, the composites including Fe2O3/TiO2/graphene aerogel (Fe2O3/TiO2/GA) and TiO2/graphene aerogel (TiO2/GA), and graphene aerogel (GA) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, Raman spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that the Fe2O3 and TiO2 particles were uniformly attached in GA structure, increasing number of active sites of materials and extending the light absorption range. The removal performance of Fe2O3/TiO2/GA is 97.38 % which is higher than of TiO2/GA and TiO2. The degradation data were well consisted with pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Accordingly, Fe2O3/TiO2/GA is potential to be used as an efficient photocatalysis for treatment of MB from water.
Observed and projected changes in global climate zones based on Köppen climate classification
Authors: Cui Diyang , Liang Shunlin , Wang Dongdong
Published: January 2021

In recent years, there has been a growing body of literature applying the Köppen classification scheme to investigate the changes in the distribution of bioclimatic conditions. Area changes and latitude and elevation shifts of Köppen climate zones have been examined based on the observed and projected datasets. This review article provides a comprehensive insight into the changes in global Köppen climate zones. First, we summarize the advancements and limitations of different climate zone definitions and assess the available climate classification map products. We then review recent detection and assessment studies on observed and projected climate zone changes. Finally, we summarize the findings of the previous studies. It has been proven that changes in climate zones under global warming can have far‐reaching impacts on ecological systems. Since the 1980s, anthropogenic accelerated global warming has already led to shifts in climatic conditions over a large land area. Hot tropics and arid climates are projected to expand into large areas of middle and high latitudes, an expansion that is potentially linked to the intensification of the global hydrologic cycle. Driven by increased warming in the Arctic, high‐latitude climates will shift poleward and upward, leading to a significant area shrinkage of the polar climate zones. However, due to the large model uncertainties, the detectability of significant climate zone changes through observations and projections, the rate and time of the changes, and their causes remain unclear. In this paper, we identify the research gaps and propose directions for future research.

This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Empirische Ergebnisse Teil 2: Erfahrungen mit dem Engagement von Expatriates im Kanton Zug - die Perspektive der Vereine
Authors: Störkle Mario
Published: January 2021

Im letzten Kapitel habe ich die Sichtweisen der im Kanton Zug lebenden Expatriates dargestellt. Nun zeige ich in diesem Kapitel die Perspektiven der etablierten zivilgesellschaftlichen Vereinigungen und Organisationen im Kanton Zug. Die Ergebnisse beider empirischen Teile werde ich anschliessend im Sinne einer Gesamtschau zusammenführen, mit den theoretischen Konzepten und Ansätzen verknüpfen und diskursiv erörtern (vgl. Kapitel 9).
Conformal defects from string field theory
Authors: Budzik Kasia , Rapčák Miroslav , Rojas Jairo M.
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Unlike conformal boundary conditions, conformal defects of Virasoro minimal models lack classification. Alternatively to the defect perturbation theory and the truncated conformal space approach, we employ open string field theory (OSFT) techniques to explore the space of conformal defects. We illustrate the method by an analysis of OSFT around the background associated to the (1, 2) topological defect in diagonal unitary minimal models. Numerical analysis of OSFT equations of motion leads to an identification of a nice family of solutions, recovering the picture of infrared fixed points due to Kormos, Runkel and Watts. In particular, we find a continuum of solutions in the Ising model case and 6 solutions for other minimal models. OSFT provides us with numerical estimates of the g-function and other coefficients of the boundary state.
Global oscillation data analysis on the 3ν mixing without unitarity
Authors: Hu Zhuojun , Ling Jiajie , Tang Jian , Wang TseChun
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We present results of a combined analysis in neutrino oscillations without unitarity assumption in the 3νmixing picture. Constraints on neutrino mixing matrix elements are based on recent data from the reactor, solar and long-baseline accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments. The current data are consistent with the standard 3νscheme. The precision on different matrix elements can be as good as a few percent at 3σCL, and is mainly limited by the experimental statistical uncertainty. Theνerelated elements are the most precisely measured among all sectors with the uncertainties < 20%. The measured leptonic CP violation is very close to the one assuming the standard 3νmixing. The deviations on normalization and the unitarity triangle closure are confined within$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(10−3),$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(10−2) and$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(10−1), forνe,νμandντsectors, respectively. We look forward to the next-generation neutrino oscillation experimentssuch asDUNE, T2HK, and JUNO, especially the precision measurements onντoscillations, to significantly improve the precision of unitarity test on the 3νmixing matrix.
ANEC in λϕ4 theory
Authors: Bautista Teresa , Casarin Lorenzo , Godazgar Hadi
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivated by the goal of applying the average null energy condition (ANEC) to renormalisation group flows, we calculate in λϕ4 theory the expectation value of the ANEC operator in a particular scalar state perturbatively up to third order in the quartic coupling and verify the expected CFT answer. The work provides the technical tools for studying the expectation value of the ANEC operator in more interesting states, for example tensorial states relevant to the Hofman-Maldacena collider bounds, away from critical points.
Development of a targeted HPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulfolipids from a cyanobacterium, selected leafy vegetables, and a microalgae species
Authors: Fischer Judith , Treblin Mascha , Sitz Tobias , Rohn Sascha
Published: January 2021

The use of macro- and microalgae, as well as cyanobacteria, becomes increasingly important for human nutrition, even in Western diets. Health effects, positive as well as negative, are believed to result mainly from minor components in the food. In macro- and microalgae as well as in certain cyanobacteria, one class of such minor compounds is sulfolipids, more precisely sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) derivatives. SQMGs and SQDGs consist of a diacylglycerol esterified with varying fatty acid combinations and a sulfoquinovose moiety. Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonated hexose analogous to d-glucose, but featuring a stable carbon-sulfur bond. With regard to their chemical structure, SQDGs can be distinguished according to their sn1- and sn2-bound fatty acids. Although there is great interest in SQDGs, because of their controversially discussed bioactivities, only a negligible number of comprehensive methods for identification and quantification has been published, so far. Within this work, a sample preparation including a quantitative isolation of SQDGs from selected raw materials, a clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of different, intact SQMGs and SQDGs were developed and validated. The applicability of the method was further demonstrated by comparing a prominent cyanobacterium (Arthrospira sp.) with a microalgae preparation (Chlorella vulgaris), and selected leafy vegetables (spinach, basil).
Sphenoidal artery: review of the literature and analysis of a dissected arterially injected fetal orbit
Authors: Kier E. Leon , Mahajan Amit , Conlogue Gerald J.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The sphenoidal artery is considered a component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region, particularly with the advent of interventional neuroimaging. The objective of this publication was to analyze the various descriptions of the sphenoidal artery in the literature as related to relevant photographs of a dissected arterially injected fetal middle cranial fossa and orbit.

Methods

Publications dealing with middle meningeal-ophthalmic arterial anastomoses, focusing on the sphenoidal artery, were reviewed. A relevant dissection of a fetal specimen was analyzed.

Results

The literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery is at times not in agreement. The nomenclature and anatomy of its passage through the superior orbital fissure or Hyrtl canal have variable descriptions. Photographs of the skull base of a dissected arterially injected fetal specimen show bilateral prominent orbital branches of the middle meningeal arteries. These branches entered both orbits in a course similar to the diagrammatic representations of the sphenoidal artery, and give rise to several major intraorbital arteries. This study provides the only photographic image in the literature of this variation in a human fetal anatomic dissection.

Conclusions

Review of the literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery shows inconsistent nomenclature and conflicting descriptions of its anastomotic connections, and varying evolutionary and embryologic theories. Analysis of the dissected fetal skull base indicates that the sphenoidal artery is not a distinct artery but just a middle meningeal orbital arterial branch, an important component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region.
Extraordinary first jejunal arterial variation associated with annular pancreas undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer: a case report
Authors: Iwao Yasuhito , Ban Daisuke , Muro Satoru , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Menon Krishna , Tanabe Minoru
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Annular pancreas encountered in adults and jejunal arterial variations are rare. Anatomical variations can cause conflicts between oncology and surgical safety.

Methods

Case report of a 68-year-old man suffering from vomiting because of an annular pancreas and a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas head invading the second portion of the duodenum.

Results

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed multiple arterial variations describing the absence of the coeliac trunk such that the left gastric artery (LGA), splenic artery and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were arising separately from the aorta. The accessory left hepatic artery arose from the LGA; and both the common hepatic artery and combined trunk of the replaced right hepatic artery with the higher replaced first jejunal artery separately arose close to the root of the SMA. The patient underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy which achieved 3 years of recurrence-free survival.

Conclusion

This was an extraordinary case of annular pancreas with first jejunal arterial variation detailing an embryological interpretation as well as considerations for balancing short- and long-term outcomes.
Age- and gender-related reference values of cardiac morphology and function in cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Riffel Johannes H. , Mayo Rebecca , Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Giannitsis Evangelos , Katus Hugo A. , Andre Florian
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard for the quantitative assessment of cardiac morphology and function. The aim of the study was to determine age- and gender-related reference values for cardiac morphology and function according to current recommendations. 454 healthy volunteers (235 men, median age 52.0 (44.0–59.0) years) underwent a standard CMR scan and were divided into six groups of nearly equal size with regard to sex (male, female) and age (21–47 years, 48–57 years, 58–84 years). Left ventricular end-diastolic (LV-EDV) and end-systolic (LV-ESV) volumes and LV mass (LV-M) were measured at end-diastole and end-systole in steady-state free precession series with including papillary muscles and trabecular tissue in the LV-M. Absolute and indexed volumetric parameters were significantly different between gender groups with higher values in men compared to women (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant age-dependent decline could be observed for left ventricular and right ventricular volumes (all p < 0.001), while LV-M did not show differences between the different age-groups. Parameters of longitudinal function for the left and right ventricle were higher in female compared to male subjects with a significant age-dependent decline. We provided normal values for cardiac volumes, function, and mass derived in accordance with current guidelines from a large population of healthy subjects, which can be implemented in clinical routine as a standard of reference.
Regulation of Abusive Debt Collection Practices in the EU Member States: An Empirical Account
Authors: Stănescu C.-G.
Published: January 2021

The article seeks to establish, in a comprehensive manner, if and how abusive debt collection practices are regulated in the respondent EU Member States. Using empirical data gathered from consumer and supervisory agencies as well as debt collection associations in 26 EU Member States, it provides an insight into (a) the existence of a licencing regime for debt collectors; (b) the potential transboundary dimension of debt collection and its implications for the common market; (c) the types of abusive debt-collection practices encountered in the Member States; (d) the efficacy of self-regulation via Codes of Conduct; and (e) the potential traditional remedies available to consumer-debtors. The article concludes that the existence of different national models creates potential issues and discrepancies in the legal status and defences available to consumer-debtors across the EU, which ultimately affects the proper functioning of the single credit servicing market. The advocated solution is that of a harmonized sector-specific regulation of abusive debt collection practices at EU level.
Can Gender Differences in Distress Due to Difficult Voices Be Explained by Differences in Relating?
Authors: Schlier Björn , Sitara Xenia , Strauss Clara , Rammou Aikaterini , Lincoln Tania M. , Hayward Mark
Published: January 2021

Background

Research on gender differences has found that women relate to negative voice hearing experiences with more negative emotions and report more distress due to voices, which may be rooted in differences in relating to voices. This study used a robust methodology and a large sample to explore gender differences in relating to voices and voice distress.

Methods

Matched samples of male (n = 124) and female (n = 124) voice hearers were drawn from a survey for secondary analysis. Voice severity (e.g., frequency or loudness), voice distress, and different types of dysfunctional (i.e., passive or aggressive) and functional (assertive) relating were measured. Group comparisons, mediation models, and network analyses were calculated.

Results

Female voice hearers reported more severe voices, more voice distress, more passive, and less assertive relating. Mediation and network analyses yielded evidence for pathways from gender to voice distress via relating and via differences in voice severity.

Conclusion

Gender differences in the emotional impact of voices can be partially explained by relating behavior. Psychological interventions for voice hearing could be optimized by exploring the influence of gender in the emergence of distressing voices. Nevertheless, gender differences need to be treated as one of several different possible mechanisms when working with individual patients.
Avoiding silent opera: the ‘grand’ performing right at work in nineteenth century Paris
Authors: Albinsson Staffan
Published: January 2021

The music industry has been made possible through performing rights based on a law introduced by the post-revolutionary French national assembly in 1791. However, it took until the mid-nineteenth century until a system of royalty collection was established in France (and another half a century or more in other countries). In France, this new system for non-dramatic performing rights was preceded by royalty regulations in theatres. This study describes how nineteenth century composers were compensated for their work in the Paris Opera through this performing right for drama, known as the ‘grand right’. The tariff-based compensation method had been put in place by a royalréglementin 1713. It created a classic winner-take-all phenomenon in which composers such as Auber, Meyerbeer, and Halévy thrived in the nineteenth century. A contributing fact was the opera house programming which, contrary to the programming of today, favoured new pieces. ‘Grand opéras’ were à la mode and they contributed to the financial success of their composers. However, these operas eventually lost their attraction. In 1884, the Paris Opera adopted a compensation system based on a percentage of box office revenues. The study is based on primary data for 1810–1866.
Automatic verification of concurrent stochastic systems
Authors: Kwiatkowska Marta , Norman Gethin , Parker David , Santos Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Automated verification techniques for stochastic games allow formal reasoning about systems that feature competitive or collaborative behaviour among rational agents in uncertain or probabilistic settings. Existing tools and techniques focus on turn-based games, where each state of the game is controlled by a single player, and on zero-sum properties, where two players or coalitions have directly opposing objectives. In this paper, we present automated verification techniques for concurrent stochastic games (CSGs), which provide a more natural model of concurrent decision making and interaction. We also consider (social welfare) Nash equilibria, to formally identify scenarios where two players or coalitions with distinct goals can collaborate to optimise their joint performance. We propose an extension of the temporal logic rPATL for specifying quantitative properties in this setting and present corresponding algorithms for verification and strategy synthesis for a variant of stopping games. For finite-horizon properties the computation is exact, while for infinite-horizon it is approximate using value iteration. For zero-sum properties it requires solving matrix games via linear programming, and for equilibria-based properties we find social welfare or social cost Nash equilibria of bimatrix games via the method of labelled polytopes through an SMT encoding. We implement this approach in PRISM-games, which required extending the tool’s modelling language for CSGs, and apply it to case studies from domains including robotics, computer security and computer networks, explicitly demonstrating the benefits of both CSGs and equilibria-based properties.
The Hilbert manifold of asymptotically flat metric extensions
Authors: McCormick Stephen
Published: January 2021

In [Commun Anal Geom 13(5):845–885, 2005], Bartnik described the phase space for the Einstein equations, modelled on weighted Sobolev spaces with local regularity $$(g,\pi )\in H^2\times H^1$$

(
g
,
π
)

∈

H
2

×

H
1

. In particular, it was established that the space of solutions to the constraints form a Hilbert submanifold of this phase space. The motivation for this work was to study the quasi-local mass functional now bearing his name. However, the phase space considered there was over a manifold without boundary. Here we demonstrate that analogous results hold in the case where the manifold has an interior compact boundary, and the metric is prescribed on the boundary. Then, still following Bartnik’s work, we demonstrate the critical points of the mass functional over this space of extensions correspond to stationary solutions with vanishing Killing vector on the boundary. Furthermore, if this solution is smooth then it is in fact a static black hole solution. In particular, in the vacuum case, critical points only occur at exterior Schwarzschild solutions; that is, critical points of the mass over this space do not exist generically. Finally, we briefly discuss a version of the result when the boundary data is related to Bartnik’s geometric boundary data. In particular, by imposing different boundary conditions on the Killing vector, we show that stationary solutions in this case correspond to critical points of an energy resembling the difference between the ADM mass and the Brown–York mass of the boundary.
Antagonism of chloride and nitrate inhibits nitrate reductase activity in chloride-stressed maize
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Franzisky Bastian L. , Eigner Lars , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin , Zörb Christian
Published: January 2021

Chloride (Cl−) is required for photosynthesis and regulates osmotic balance. However, excess Cl−application negatively interacts with nitrate ($${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$$NO3-) uptake, although its effect on$${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$$NO3-metabolism remains unclear. The aim was to test whether Cl−stress disturbs nitrate reductase activity (NRA). A maize variety (Zea maysL. cv. LG 30215) was hydroponically cultured in a greenhouse under the following conditions: control (2 mM CaCl2), moderate Cl−(10 mM CaCl2), high Cl−(60 mM CaCl2). To substantiate the effect of Cl−stress further, an osmotic stress with lower intensity was induced by 60 g polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 L−1 + 2 mM CaCl2), which was 57% of the osmotic pressure being produced by 60 mM CaCl2. Results show that high Cl−and PEG-induced osmotic stress significantly reduced shoot biomass, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, but NRA was only decreased by high Cl−stress. The interference of NRA in chloride-stressed maize is supposed to be primarily caused by the antagonistic uptake of Cl−and$${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$$NO3-.
Home care vehicle routing problem with chargeable overtime and strict and soft preference matching
Authors: Malagodi Laura , Lanzarone Ettore , Matta Andrea
Published: January 2021

A new scheduling problem arising in the home care context is addressed, whose novelty with respect to the literature lies in the way overtime is paid. In this problem, some clients are willing to pay a higher fee to cover the additional overtime cost, if such overtime is incurred because a caregiver works extra time with the client to preserve continuity of care. These overtime hours charged to clients unburden the company, which no longer has to balance between cost and continuity of care in a traditional way. The problem is also studied in a context that includes preferences expressed by both clients and caregivers. Strict preferences must be respected with a high priority, while soft preferences increase the satisfaction and should be preferably respected. We formalize the problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Problem and also propose a cluster-based decomposition to solve real-life instances. The problem is inspired by the real case study of a provider operating in the USA. Numerical results validate the model and confirm the capability of the decomposition approach to deal with real-life instances.
An improved method for precise genome editing in zebrafish using CRISPR-Cas9 technique
Authors: Gasanov Eugene V. , Jędrychowska Justyna , Pastor Michal , Wiweger Malgorzata , Methner Axel , Korzh Vladimir P.
Published: January 2021

Current methods of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated site-specific mutagenesis create deletions and small insertions at the target site which are repaired by imprecise non-homologous end-joining. Targeting of the Cas9 nuclease relies on a short guide RNA (gRNA) corresponding to the genome sequence approximately at the intended site of intervention. We here propose an improved version of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing that relies on two complementary guide RNAs instead of one. Two guide RNAs delimit the intervention site and allow the precise deletion of several nucleotides at the target site. As proof of concept, we generated heterozygous deletion mutants of the kcng4b, gdap1, and ghitm genes in the zebrafish Danio rerio using this method. A further analysis by high-resolution DNA melting demonstrated a high efficiency and a low background of unpredicted mutations. The use of two complementary gRNAs improves CRISPR-Cas9 specificity and allows the creation of predictable and precise mutations in the genome of D. rerio.
Entanglement performance of light through the composite free space channel
Authors: Zhang Shujing , Shi Jianhong , Zhao Jiancheng , Zhang Hailong , Bao Wansu
Published: January 2021

Entanglement transmission is utilized widely in quantum communication. In this paper we establish a model, which characterizes the performance of entanglement state passing through the composite free space channel. This free space channel is compounded with atmosphere, sea surface and underwater channel. Based on the model, the entanglement photon pairs transmitted through composite channel are simulated. Simulation results show that the beam wandering, the incident angle of the beam on the sea surface, the concentration of chlorophyll in the seawater and other factors will lead to the degradation of the entanglement and these factors have a nonlinear relationship with transmittance. Moreover, the increase of the chlorophyll concentration is found to be a relatively heavy impact on the entanglement. In addition, expanding the aperture size of the receiving telescope will improve entanglement. The research of this paper has momentous meaning to the transmission of quantum entanglement in free space. What’s more, the results have an extremely vital reference value for quantum communications in diverse natural environments.
Exploring the Effect of Silicon on the High Temperature Corrosion of Lean FeCrAl Alloys in Humid Air
Authors: Sand T. , Edgren A. , Geers C. , Asokan V. , Eklund J. , Helander T. , Svensson J. E. , Johansson L. G.
Published: January 2021

A new approach to reduce the chromium and aluminium concentrations in FeCrAl alloys without significantly impairing corrosion resistance is to alloy with 1–2 wt.% silicon. This paper investigates the “silicon effect” on oxidation by comparing the oxidation behavior and scale microstructure of two FeCrAl alloys, one alloyed with silicon and the other not, in dry and wet air at 600 °C and 800 °C. Both alloys formed thin protective oxide scales and the Cr-evaporation rates were small. In wet air at 800 °C the Si-alloyed FeCrAl formed an oxide scale containing mullite and tridymite together with α- and γ-alumina. It is suggested that the reported improvement of the corrosion resistance of Al- and Cr-lean FeCrAl’s by silicon alloying is caused by the appearance of Si-rich phases in the scale.
Identifying the “Active Ingredients” of a School-Based, Workplace Safety and Health Training Intervention
Authors: Nykänen Mikko , Guerin Rebecca J. , Vuori Jukka
Published: January 2021

Young workers in many industrialized countries experience a higher rate of largely preventable occupation-related injuries compared with adults. Safety education and training are considered critical to the prevention of these incidents. This can be promoted by the dissemination and scale-out of an evidence-based, safety training programs in vocational education. The aim of this study was to identify the intervention core components that comprise the “active ingredients” of a safety training intervention for young workers and assess the impact on student outcomes of interest. Fidelity of implementation was operationalized using measures of adherence and quality of intervention delivery. For this study, data were collected through a school-based, cluster randomized trial conducted in 2015 in eight Finnish upper secondary-level vocational schools (n = 229 students in 22 groups, each with one teacher). Results indicate that the intervention core components (safety skills training, safety inoculation training, a positive atmosphere for safety learning, and active learning techniques) had differing associations with student outcomes. Adherence related to the acquisition of safety skills training was the strongest active ingredient in terms of positive effects. Furthermore, quality of delivery in terms of fostering positive learning atmosphere and utilizing active learning methods was associated especially with motivational outcomes. These findings indicate that different active ingredients complemented each other. Contrary to expectations, we found no statistically significant relationship between any of the core components and risk-taking attitudes. The current study advances prevention science by identifying the active ingredients of an evidence-based intervention, implemented in Finnish vocational school settings, that helps protect young workers from work-related morbidity and mortality.
Ordoliberalism: neither exclusively German nor an oddity. A review essay of Malte Dold’s and Tim Krieger’s Ordoliberalism and European Economic Policy: Between Realpolitik and Economic Utopia.
Authors: Horn K.
Published: January 2021

The German intellectual tradition of ordoliberalism, a variant of neoliberalism particularly committed to a “functional and humane order,” was long ignored in the Anglo-Saxon world. More recently, this has changed to some degree, especially under the impression of the European sovereign-debt crisis, during which Germany’s insistence on rule-abiding behavior was critically attributed to the ordoliberal heritage. In the anthology edited by Malte Dold and Tim Krieger, ordoliberalism is discussed from many different angles, including the historical roots in the Freiburg School, the recent much-disputed strategies for dealing with the eurozone crisis, and a further development of the research program. The editors argue that scholarship in the spirit of ordoliberalism would benefit from being embedded within the interdisciplinary scientific cluster of Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE). The book makes a valuable contribution to a better-informed international discourse across the disciplines.
Establishment of a Cre-rat resource for creating conditional and physiological relevant models of human diseases
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zheng Qi , Chen-Tsai Ruby Yanru
Published: January 2021

The goal of this study is to establish a Cre/loxP rat resource for conditional and physiologically predictive rat models of human diseases. The laboratory rat (R. norvegicus) is a central experimental animal in several fields of biomedical research, such as cardiovascular diseases, aging, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer models, transplantation biology, inflammation, cancer risk assessment, industrial toxicology, pharmacology, behavioral and addiction studies, and neurobiology. Up till recently, the ability of creating genetically modified rats has been limited compared to that in the mouse mainly due to lack of genetic manipulation tools and technologies in the rat. Recent advances in nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9), as well as TARGATT™ integrase system enables fast, efficient and site-specific introduction of exogenous genetic elements into the rat genome. Here, we report the generation of a collection of tissue-specific, inducible transgenic Cre rats as tool models using TARGATT™, CRISPR/Cas9 and random transgenic approach. More specifically, we generated Cre driver rat models that allow controlled gene expression or knockout (conditional models) both temporally and spatially through the Cre-ERT2/loxP system. A total of 10 Cre rat lines and one Cre reporter/test line were generated, including eight (8) Cre lines for neural specific and two (2) lines for cardiovascular specific Cre expression. All of these lines have been deposited with the Rat Resource and Research Center and provide a much-needed resource for the bio-medical community who employ rat models for their studies of human diseases.