bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sports and Recreation Activity of Ankle Arthritis Patients before and after Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Valderrabano Victor , Pagenstert Geert , Horisberger Monika , Knupp Markus , Hintermann Beat
Published: February 2006

Background

Total ankle replacement is a possible treatment for ankle arthritis; however, participation in sports after this procedure has not yet been analyzed.

Hypotheses

There is a significant increase of sports activity after total ankle replacement in patients with arthritis. There is a significant correlation between sports activity and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score in patients after total ankle replacement.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

A clinical evaluation was performed preoperatively and at follow-up after total ankle replacement in 147 patients (152 ankles) with ankle arthritis (mean age, 59.6 years; range, 28-86 years). Ankle arthritis origin, patient satisfaction, range of motion, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score, radiologic assessment, and rate, level, and type of sports activity were documented at both evaluations. The mean follow-up was 2.8 years (range, 2-4 years).

Results

Preoperative diagnosis was posttraumatic osteoarthritis in 115 cases (76%). At total ankle replacement follow-up, excellent and good outcomes were reported in 126 cases (83%); 105 cases (69%) were pain free. The mean range of motion preoperatively was 21° (range, 0°-45°); after total ankle replacement, it was 35° (range, 10°-55°; P < .05). The preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 36 points; after total ankle replacement, it was 84 points (P < .001). Before surgery, 36% of the patients were active in sports; after surgery, this percentage rose to 56% (P < .001). After total ankle replacement, sports-active patients showed a significantly higher hindfoot score than did patients not active in sports: 88 versus 79 points (P < .001). The 3 most frequent sports activities were hiking, biking, and swimming.

Conclusion

There was a significant increase of sports activity by treating ankle arthritis patients with total ankle replacement. Sports-active total ankle replacement patients showed better functional results than did inactive ones.
Midterm and Long-term Results after Arthroscopic Suture Repair of Isolated, Longitudinal, Vertical Meniscal Tears in Stable Knees
Authors: Majewski Martin , Stoll Reinhard , Widmer Heinz , Müller Werner , Friederich Niklaus F.
Published: February 2006

Background

The long-term outcome of meniscal suture repair has not been firmly established.

Purpose

To compare the midterm and long-term functional and radiographic outcome of meniscal suture repairs with the natural history of the uninjured knees of each of a cohort of patients.

Study Design

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods

Eighty-eight patients with an isolated, longitudinal, vertical tear of one of the menisci within a stable knee were arthroscopically treated with a meniscal suture repair. No patient had a previous surgery, and no additional chondral lesion was present. The opposite knee of each patient was uninjured. Both knees of each patient were examined clinically and radiographically in a retrospective follow-up 5 to 17 years (mean, 10 years) after meniscal repair.

Results

Three patients with postoperative complications and 21 patients whose menisci had to be removed because of rerupture were excluded from further evaluation for purposes of this study. The remaining 64 patients reached a mean Tegner activity level of 6 points (range, 3-10 points) and achieved a mean Lysholm score of 94 points (range, 26-100 points). Osteoarthritis was found in 46 of the injured knees, compared with 27 of the uninjured knees (P = .004). However, 42 of the patients had no difference in the grade of osteoarthritis between the injured knee and the uninjured knee, 19 had a difference of 1 grade, 2 had a difference of 2 grades, and 1 had a difference of 3 grades.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic meniscal repair for isolated longitudinal meniscal injuries in stable knees yields favorable functional results, but its effects on the risk of secondary osteoarthritis are not clear.
Comparison of Fresh Osteochondral Autografts and Allografts
Authors: Glenn R. Edward , McCarty Eric C. , Potter Hollis G. , Juliao Saul F. , Gordon Jeffrey D. , Spindler Kurt P.
Published: February 2006

Background

Osteochondral autografts and allografts have been widely used in the treatment of isolated grade IV articular cartilage lesions of the knee. However, the authors are not aware of any study that has prospectively compared fresh osteochondral autografts to fresh allografts with regard to imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology.

Hypothesis

The imaging, biomechanical properties, and histologic appearance of fresh osteochondral autograft and fresh allo-graft are similar with respect to bony incorporation into host bone, articular cartilage composition, and biomechanical properties.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Eighteen adult dogs underwent bilateral knee osteochondral graft implantation after creation of an Outerbridge grade IV cartilage defect. One knee received an autograft, and the contralateral knee received a fresh allograft. Nine dogs were sacrificed at 3 months, and 9 dogs were sacrificed at 6 months. Graft analysis included gross examination, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology.

Results

Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated excellent bony incorporation of both autografts and allografts. Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between autografts versus allografts versus control at 3 or 6 months (P= .36-.91). A post hoc calculation showed 80% power to detect a 30% difference between allograft and control. Histologic examination showed normal cartilage structure for both autografts and allografts.

Conclusion

Fresh osteochondral autograft and fresh allograft tissues are not statistically different with respect to bony incorporation, articular cartilage composition, or biomechanical properties up to 6 months after implantation.

Clinical Relevance

The use of fresh allograft tissue to treat osteochondral defects eliminates morbidity associated with harvesting autograft tissue without compromising the results of the surgical procedure.
The Triple Confusion of Utopia
Authors: Villoro Luis
Published: February 2006

Utopias arise out of a desire for perfection, and have often led to destruction and savagery. Why does enthusiasm for a transfigured community propel itself so rapidly into violence and evil? What unfathomable process causes the dream to transform itself into such a nightmare? Why do we bring on ourselves the evil that we abhor?
Utopia Dispersed
Authors: Vattimo Gianni
Published: February 2006

Among the reasons for what might be called the ‘utopian crisis’ in post-modern culture, where the very idea of a utopia is the subject of suspicion and where its claim to perfection is held to blame for every fanatical ideology, may well be found the close, perhaps excessively close link that the utopian idea has always maintained with metaphysics. I am referring here to the notion of metaphysics as elaborated by Heidegger. Many defenders of metaphysics still refuse Heidegger's critique, but it remains nevertheless the case that the definition of metaphysics as disregarding being-itself (das Sein) in favour of process-of-being (das Seiende), or of an objective ground of being that reason could grasp and to which it should adhere when interacting with knowledge and praxis, constitutes at least a generally accepted point of departure for discussion.
In Defense of Utopia
Authors: Sargent Lyman Tower
Published: February 2006

In a number of recent and forthcoming articles and papers, I have argued that while utopia can be dangerous, utopian visions are absolutely essential, that we must choose utopia. Today, I want to try to give you the essence of that argument while also relating it to some new issues. Let me summarize my argument:

1.

Hope/desire for a better life in this life is a central aspect of the human experience.

2.

That hope/desire has often been distorted by ideology and religion.

3.

That hope/desire has often been captured to serve the economic and political ends of the powerful.

4.

When that hope/desire is distorted or captured, it can become dangerous.

5.

That danger usually comes about because the hope/desire is warped so that the better life is only for a select few or in-group, thus creating an out-group, an other, who can be neglected, harmed, even killed to achieve the end. Such groups have included members of other religions, indigenous peoples, other ethnic groups, ideologies, and so forth. The boundaries of the other have often been changed to include some formerly in the in-group.

6.

Even so, that hope/desire for a better life is the only effective means of overcoming such distortion/capture.
The Destiny of Utopia as an Intercultural and Mestizo Phenomenon
Authors: Ainsa Fernando
Published: February 2006

In the recurrent and monothematic discourse of anti-globalization, focused almost exclusively on its economic and financial aspects, there has been an increasing tendency to overlook important distinctions linked to the historical process of cultural globalization and its civilizing effects, as it has evolved in the modern age. In that vast and sweeping process, numerous ‘isms’ have converged over the centuries, resulting in a kind of crossroads between the universalist aspirations of the Christian religion and western civilization; the internationalism exemplified by the Socialist International; and the political, humanistic ‘worldism’ that led to the universal recognition of human rights and the creation of international organisms, nongovernmental organizations and solidarity networks, all of which were based on a set of universal values and principles.
Utopia 9/11: A Plea for a New World
Authors: Schwartz-Morgan Nicole
Published: February 2006

In about a decade, its indefatigable stream of commentators will celebrate the 500th anniversary of Thomas More's Utopia or On the Best State of a Republic (1516). That's a long time to be a focus of attention. The quantity of ink this text has generated suggests that, like a Rorschach blot, it enables us to project outwards our obsessions, our fantasies, our day-dreams, our hopes of a return to an irretrievable past golden age or our yearning for an unrealizable future paradise.
Utopian Thought and the Survival of Cultural Practices in Mexico
Authors: López Morales Gloria
Published: February 2006

It is worth remembering that Utopian thought in the modern era, at least in the sense of the Renaissance, was born out of Europe's encounter with the Americas. Then America seemed to have all the features needed to host the construction of a new world that might match the requirements of art and reason: a world whose towns would be planned in accordance with a geometrical and social order that would leave nothing to chance. The story of European utopian thought and the ideal city whose aim was to ensure happiness for all moved away from communitarian ideas and clearly favoured individual values. Those values included respect for nature, promotion of pragmatic experience, confidence in human knowledge, but they were above all dedicated to building great cities, taking account of the needs of community life and all the questions that raises in a context where the individual takes precedence over the collective.
Legal Pluralism in the Thought and Works of Vasco de Quiroga
Authors: Hernández Díaz Jaime
Published: February 2006

The figure of Don Vasco de Quiroga, together with the work he completed in New Spain, has for some time been the focus of historians’, philosophers’ and jurists’ attention. Since the pioneering research by Juan José Moreno and Nicolás León, followed by Silvio Zavala, Justino Fernández, Edmundo O'Gorman and more recently excellent studies by J. B. Warren, Carlos Herrejón and Alberto Carrillo, Don Vasco has been the subject of a prolific bibliography, which is still being added to. Fifty years ago Alfonso Trueba remarked on the number of works of quality on Vasco de Quiroga, pointing out that ‘adding one more to those already published without offering anything new would be a pointless task’. Nonetheless he himself took the risk of publishing a little biographical essay ‘imagining that it would be not only useful but necessary to introduce the history of such an eminent personage in our cultural landscape’. I in my turn am daring to present a few thoughts on this illustrious first bishop of Michoacán, following the advice of Alberto Carrillo, for whom ‘retrieving a more authentic image of the person and work of that great founder of the new Michoacán and the Indian church in the province may be a step forward in the duty to consolidate the national collective memory and reconstruct our spiritual history’.
Utopia, the Origins and Invention of Western Urban Design
Authors: Solinís Germán
Published: February 2006

What are we doing with utopia? The ideas I am going to share with you relate to what urban designers have done with utopia, which is based on the historical relationship that grew up between utopian thinking and the intent to organize and control the arrangement of space and thus manage society in order to ensure its development.
The Familistery of Guise: A Utopia Realized
Authors: Freitag Barbara
Published: February 2006

Amongst the many works of the Utopian socialist Charles Fourier (1772-1830) the one I have found most relevant to the subject of this article is a later work - Universal Harmony and the Phalanstery published in 1848.
Beyond Hopes and Disasters: The Rejuvenation of Utopia
Authors: Goux Jean-Joseph
Published: February 2006

In October 1854, around 150 years ago therefore, François Cantagrel, a disciple of the well-known utopian visionary Charles Fourier, set sail for the New World. He was leader of the first group of French Fourierist settlers emigrating to North America, where they planned to emulate their American co-disciples in establishing new ‘phalansteries’ there and hence to lay the foundations for the ‘phalanx of harmony’ to come. The instigator of the expedition was Victor Considérant, a great propagandist for Fourier's doctrine, under whose mandate Cantagrel was sent out. The region chosen for the founding of the utopian colony was Texas, at that time in the midst of a great surge of settlement. Cantagrel bought a block of land in Houston, then a mere straggling frontier town on the edge of a bayou infested with alligators and mosquitoes, to serve as a staging post. Of more significance was land purchased close to Dallas, then but a village of 400 souls, for it was here in the next few years that a Fourier colony, ‘La Réunion’, was established. It came to number more settlers than the village of Dallas itself. But it resulted in a total disaster.
Utopia: Reading and Redemption
Authors: Rabinovich Silvana
Published: February 2006

This essay came about as the result of my suspicion that, in our societies of written traditions, the way we write and the thoughts we generate are intimately linked to the way we read. The practice of reading, in its many forms, is more than just a simple technique that allows us to familiarize ourselves with what other people think and thought: just as there exists a close relationship between the content and the form of a given text, the practice of reading has an effect on the reception of what has been written. But even before any text was written, reading had had a critical effect on the form in which it would exist, informed by so many previous experiences of reading.
Seven Arguments in Defence of Poetry: Resisting the Madding Noise
Authors: Argullol Rafael
Published: February 2006

‘Seven Arguments in Defence of Poetry: Resisting the Madding Noise’ could easily have been titled ‘Seven Arguments in Defence of Utopia: Resisting so Many Platitudes’. In both cases, the ‘arguments’ are situations and attitudes, as well. The question of silence, of origin, of timelessness, of purification, of pause, of whimsy, of mirth. There is a mutual dependence between these elements, and I believe that they serve to define both the coordinates of the poetic fact and the intimation of a kind of rebellion or resistance.
The Butterfly in the Garden: Utopia and the Feminine in The Story of the Stone
Authors: Wong Kam-ming
Published: February 2006

Written in the 5th century by the Chinese poet Tao Qian (365-427), Peach Blossom Spring is the most celebrated depiction of utopia in Chinese literature. It has so enchanted the Chinese imagination that its name has become virtually synonymous with utopia itself. The work consists of two parts: a prose preface and a poem, both telling the story of the discovery and disappearance of Peach Blossom Spring. But the prose version, perhaps owing to its more tangible dramatic power, is what comes more readily to mind when a Chinese thinks of utopia.
Utopia's Legacy (A Postscript)
Authors: Portella Eduardo
Published: February 2006

There are several ways to approach utopia and to appraise the range of vital sustenance and broken promises that it conveys. As a starting interpretative strategy, one might consider utopia as a canonized idea: utopia is nothing if not a construct of Paradise on Earth. That is the form under which it prospered from the Renaissance on, spinning into a vote of confidence for the New World.
Neurological imaging as evidence in political science: a review, critique, and guiding assessment
Authors: Tingley Dustin
Published: February 2006

English

Political scientists have access to a number of competing methodologies that marshal different forms of evidence for their arguments about political phenomena. Recently a new form of evidence has appeared in political science research and, more frequently, economics: spatially explicit and time-varying neurological activity of human subjects engaged in political or economic decision-making. As with any of the more standard methodologies, this approach carries with it a set of orienting theories linking hypotheses with the types of data induced to support or falsify these theories. While this new form of evidence is exciting, especially for the empirically minded social scientist, it deserves the utmost scrutiny. I provide a review of how neurological imaging is being used in the social sciences and consider several problems and prospects of using neuroimaging data in political science.

French

Les sciences politiques ont recours à des méthodes de recherche et à des évidences empiriques diverses pour étudier les phénomènes politiques. Récemment, les chercheurs en sciences politiques et plus souvent encore en économie se sont tout particulièrement intéressés à l'activité cérébrale, objectivable dans l'espace et variant dans le temps, de sujets humains en situation de prise de décision politique ou économique. Comme toute autre méthode de recherche, cette approche s'appuie sur des orientations théoriques, qui font le lien entre les hypothèses de recherche et les données destinées à étayer ou invalider ces théories. Si cette approche nouvelle semble prometteuse, tout particulièrement pour les chercheurs à l'esprit empirique, elle mérite d'être examinée en profondeur. L'article fait le point sur l'utilisation des résultats de l'imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle en sciences sociales et considère les différents problèmes qu'elle pose ainsi que les perspectives nouvelles qu'elle peut offrir en sciences politiques.
Nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics: a scientific wonderland
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Chen Thomas J.H. , Blum Seth H. , Downs Bernard W. , Braverman Eric R. , Mengucci Julie F. , Meshkin Brian
Published: February 2006

English

As scientists engaged in understanding the potential of drug/nutrient responses as a function of our genome and all of its ramifications including academic and commercial aspects, our future looks bright. While, however, being cautious about our future especially in terms of regulatory issues, gene-nutrition interactions especially related to genome-based response will indeed be the next cornerstone of solid scientific approaches to assist individuals in choosing dietary supplements, functional foods, and even nutritional beverages on an individualized basis. Nutrigenomics is the key to what we have termed “nutritional gene therapy” and from its origin will spring gene mapping as the wave of the future in nutrition. The information provided in this article will serve as evidence of our conviction of this scientific wonderland of opportunity (see Daniel, 2002).

French

Dès lors que les scientifiques ont commencé à s'intéresser aux réactions potentielles aux médicaments/aliments en fonction de notre génome ainsi qu'à tous leurs aspects, y compris académiques et commerciaux, notre futur s'éclaire. Tout en restant prudent à l'avenir, en particulier en termes de problèmes de régulation, il est clair que les interactions gènes-nutrition, en particulier celles liées aux réactions en fonction du génome, seront la pierre angulaire d'approches scientifiques solides, qui guideront les individus dans le choix de suppléments nutritionnels, d'une alimentation fonctionnelle, et même de boissons nutritionnelles, de façon individualisée. La "Nutrigénomique'' est la clé de ce que nous appelons la "thérapie génique nutritionnelle'' et placera d'emblée la carte génique au coeur de l'avenir de la nutrition. Cet article présente des données propres à étayer notre conviction de ce "pays des merveilles'' scientifique qui se trouve à notre portée (Daniel, 2002).
Exiles and ethnographers: an essay
Authors: Schlesinger Philip
Published: February 2006

English

The generically challenging work of W.G. Sebald is the point of departure for this essay, which reflects on the role of evidence and research in literary and non-literary works and the affinities between anthropological and literary ethnographies. The crucial place of borders and passports for the exile is discussed, as is the importance of photography for the constitution of exilic memories and identities. The essay concludes with reflections on the diasporic photography of Frédéric Brenner. Exilic ethnography is connected to an ethics of memory.

French

L'œuvre littéraire de W. G. Sebald - difficile à catégoriser - est la base de cet essai. L'objectif est d'analyser le rôle joué dans la production tant littéraire que non-littéraire d'un mode de représentation qui évoque la recherche. Quelles sont les affinités entre ethnographies anthropologiques et ethnographies littéraires? Pour l'exilé, la frontière est un obstacle à franchir et le passeport un moyen indispensable pour fuir. Ainsi, tous deux jouent un rôle clé dans l'imaginaire d'exil. Enfin, notre essai traite de la photographie diasporique de Frédéric Brenner, en concluant que l'ethnographie de l'exil est liée à une éthique de la mémoire.
Travail d’articulation et organisations-frontières dans la recherche urbaine française
Authors: Milanovic Fabien
Published: February 2006

English

The multiplication of locations and the differentiation of social actors encountered in contemporary sciences raise organizational problems. Basing itself on a case study in the social sciences, viz. French urban research, this article offers an analysis of the institutional articulation process that enables both the activities of knowledge production to be linked to other social activities and the researchers to interact with other classes of social actors. The article thus suggests a setting in perspective of the contemporary modes of knowledge production, taking into account their diversity as well as their political stakes.

French

La multiplication des sites et la différenciation des acteurs que l'on rencontre dans les sciences contemporaines posent des proble`mes en termes d'organisation. En s'appuyant sur une étude de cas en sciences sociales, la recherche urbaine française, cet article propose une analyse du travail institutionnel d'articulation qui a pour objet de permettre à la fois aux activités de production de connaissances scientifiques d'être connectées à d'autres activités sociales et aux chercheurs d'interagir avec d'autres types d'acteurs. C'est ainsi à une mise en perspective des actuels modes de production des savoirs qu'invite ce texte, qui fasse cas de leur pluralité et de leurs enjeux politiques.
The University and the Public Good
Authors: Calhoun Craig
Published: February 2006

Universities have flourished in the modern era as central public institutions and bases for critical thought. They are currently challenged by a variety of social forces and undergoing a deep transformation in both their internal structure and their relationship to the rest of society. Critical theorists need to assess this both in order to grasp adequately the social conditions of their own work and because the transformation of universities is central to a more general intensification of social inequality, privatization of public institutions, and reorganization of the relation of access to knowledge. This is also a pivotal instance for asking basic questions about the senses in which the university is or may be ‘public’: (1) where does its money come from? (2) who governs? (3) who benefits? and (4) how is knowledge produced and circulated?
Putting ‘Public’ Back into the Public University
Authors: Marginson Simon
Published: February 2006

The American public university is losing status vis-à-vis the Ivy League private sector. In mass education it is challenged by for-profit institutions such as the University of Phoenix. Declining state financing is symptomatic of the evacuation of public values inside and outside the university. This has proceeded furthest in the USA. Other university systems are affected by national/local as well as global/American factors. Nevertheless, most public universities are on the defensive. Intensified status competition, locking neatly into neo-liberal government, is reconstituting the field of higher education (Bourdieu, 1988) as a competitive market in private status goods. This, not a structural transformation consequent on changes in scale, is decisive. Universities have a capacity for bounded diversity and an underutilized potential in public discourse that enables them to combine openness with research and academic excellence, but not with high student selectivity and social exclusivity. The article comments on the implications of Craig Calhoun’s essay for reinventing the public university, focusing on two theorizations that provide resources for this: Samuelson (1954) on public and private goods, and Habermas (1989) on the public sphere. However, neither fully encompasses the university’s role in learning, scholarship, identity formation and self-alteration.
Critical Sociology and the Interdisciplinary Imagination
Authors: VanAntwerpen Jonathan
Published: February 2006

This article situates Craig Calhoun’s early sociological trajectory within a diverse set of movements that aimed to transform the discipline of sociology in the United States. As a means to historicizing Calhoun’s critical intellectual practice, I position it within the extensively debated, though only partially understood, disciplinary insurgencies of the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s, emphasizing attempts to transform sociology that drew substantially on interdisciplinary engagements to fuel the fires of a critical sociological imagination. A member of American sociology’s ‘disobedient generation’, Calhoun was a key contributor to a resurgence of historical work that has come to be referred to as the ‘second wave’ of historical sociology. Tracing the ways that this intellectual movement drew inspiration from, worked alongside of, and overlapped with other critical disciplinary formations, I close with a brief consideration of the current state of critical sociology in the United States.
Calhoun’s Critical Sociology of Cosmopolitanism, Solidarity and Public Space
Authors: Kennedy Michael D.
Published: February 2006

Calhoun’s critical sociology relies not only on engagements with Habermas, Bourdieu and Taylor, but also on the middle range empirical traditions of American sociology. Through a review of his recent work on cosmopolitanism and globalization, community and solidarity, and public spaces and sociology, I propose that his search to explain different ways in which solidarity is developed offers a robust sociological foundation for the development of the most appropriate intellectual formation, and institutional sequel, to the emancipatory project that undergirds critical theory’s hope and commitment. At the same time, we all need to rethink how both critical theory and more empirical sociologies can help us recognize the issues and agencies most vital for the address of contemporary cultural, social and biophysical needs.
Clarity and Honor: Values in Conflict with Ambition
Authors: Sica Alan
Published: February 2006

The criticism is often made of sociology, especially in the US, that it is mired in ethnocentrism, provincialism, needlessly scientistic methods, and a depoliticized quest for the status of a ‘true science’. Though a strong case can be made for such an accusation, it is also true that certain exemplars have succeeded in transcending these crippling shortcomings of practice and imagination. One such scholar is examined in this article with an eye toward not only the scope of the work attempted, but the rhetorical posture that made his notable success possible. It seems to be the case that certain gifted members of the ‘Sixties generation’, through cross-disciplinary education and with cosmopolitan intentions, managed to create a new type of sociology in the US during the 1980s and 1990s which had not existed before. This article explores one such case.
In but Not of Asia: Reflections on Philippine Nationalism as Discourse, Project and Evaluation
Authors: Hogan Trevor
Published: February 2006

This article rehearses the critical theory of Craig Calhoun’s book on nationalism and applies his threefold typology of ‘project, discourse, evaluation’ to the peculiar case of modern Philippine nationalism. The Republic of the Philippines is a marine archipelago of over 7100 islands and 85 million people of various ethnic, linguistic and cultural identities. Because of its history of colonizations (Spanish, American, Japanese), the predominance of Christianity, and the lack of a unified or prestigious pre-modern religious, political or economic order, the Philippines is frequently positioned as ‘in but not of Asia’. Because Filipinos are made acutely aware of their peculiar trajectory as a modern nation-state and precarious position within the region, the dominant discourses of ‘the Philippines’ have been too anxious to construct a genealogy of the modern nation-state as telos and to assert some form of ‘Filipino’ identity and spirit. Now that the nationalist moment of contemporary nation-states has passed with the fading of the post-Second World War ‘developmentalist state’ project and its usurpation since the 1980s by ‘the globalization’ project, an opportunity is afforded for a changing of our critical lens from searches for revolutionary projects of founding myths and ends, of romantic nationalisms, or of nostalgic returns to pre-modern idylls (whether ethnic or colonial). Accordingly, this article has three parts. Part One provides a brief synopsis of Calhoun’s arguments about nationalism. Part Two applies these critical insights to the case of Philippine nationalism, especially as it is expressed in the historical and social sciences. Part Three then introduces alternative ways of thinking about the Philippines as sites of cultural hybridity and traffic.
Conformational Aspects of Siloxane-Azomethine Alternating Copolymers in Dilute Solution
Authors: Ioan Silvia , Vasiliu Monica , Cazacu Maria
Published: February 2006

The dilute solution properties of the new siloxane-azomethine alternating copolymers obtained by polycondensation reaction between a preformed azomethyne macromer and α, ω-bis(chloromethyl) polydimethylsiloxanes were studied by viscosity measurements. A method proposed by Qian et al.was utilized to determine the radius of gyration in the perturbed state, as well as the second virial coeficient, and unperturbed parameters expressed by intrinsic viscosity in unperturbed state, such as the Kτ parameter or radius of gyration in the unperturbed state. The short- and long-range interaction parameters were discussed by interpenetration function ψ( z) or hydrodynamic penetration function π( z).
Rheokinetic and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Tetrafunctional Epoxy/anhydride Mixtures. Influence of Stoichiometry and Cure Conditions
Authors: Corcuera Marian Angeles , De La Caba Koro , Gabilondo Nagore , Marieta Cristina , Kortaberria Galder , Eceiza Arantxa
Published: February 2006

The copolymerization of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) with N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) has been studied for several stoichiometric ratios. The rheological, thermal and dynamic mechanical behaviors of these systems were examined. Kinetic studies by differential scanning calorimetry, in both isothermal and dynamic modes, showed a first-order kinetics. Activation energies were also obtained by rheological measurements, through gelation times at different temperatures, with results in agreement with calorimetric results. The dynamic mechanical behavior was studied to analyse the influence of both stoichiometric ratio and cure schedule in the viscoelastic properties of the mixtures.
Influence of the Conformational Parameters on Physical Properties of some Heterocyclic Polymers containing Dimethylsilane Units
Authors: Hamciuc Corneliu , Hamciuc Elena , Bruma Maria , Ronova Inga A.
Published: February 2006

The conformational rigidity parameters of some poly(phenylquinoxaline-imide)s and poly (phenylquinoxaline-imide-amide)s containing dimethylsilane units were calculated by a Monte Carlo method with allowance for hindered rotation. Several physical properties such as solubility, glass transition temperature, initial decomposition temperature and dielectric constant are discussed in relation to the structure of the polymers and the rigidity of their chains.
Water as Solvent in Polyimide Synthesis II: Processable Aromatic Polyimides
Authors: Chiefari John , Dao Buu , Groth Andrew M. , Hodgkin Jonathan H.
Published: February 2006

Some representative thermal, chemical and mechanical characteristics of ‘commercial type’ polyimides are presented in this second paper in a series on using water as solvent in polyimide synthesis. The commercial types of polyimide that have been produced in this study are closely related to Kapton, Upilex R®, Upilex S®, Avimid N® and PMR-15. The chemical characterization of these materials using both nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier Transform infrared indicate very pure and fully imidized products. The thermal and mechanical data from techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis reveal properties that are at least, equivalent to their commercial counterparts. Some improvement in processability is noted in pure materials, mixtures and chemically modified analogues of these well known polyimides. In addition this highly efficient one-pot method potentially provides economic advantages through low solvent cost and environmental impact benefits.
Metal Complexes of Maleimide Compounds
Authors: Hulubei Camelia , Cazacu Maria , Morariu Simona
Published: February 2006

The metal complexation ability of some N-substituted maleimides containing a carboxyl group was investigated. Thus, N-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-maleimide, N-(3-acetoxy-4-carboxy-phenyl)-maleimide and poly[ N-(3-acetoxy-4-carboxy-phenyl)-maleimide] were prepared and complexed with several transition metals, such as Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+. The formation of complexes which separated as precipitates from the reaction mixtures was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. The thermal stability of the complexes was evaluated by thermogravimetry.
Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Liquid Crystalline Thermoset containing Rigid-Rod Epoxy
Authors: Cho Seung Hyun , Lee Jun Young , Douglas Elliot P.
Published: February 2006

4,4′-diglycidyloxy- α-methylstilbene (DOMS) and a novel liquid crystalline thermoset, D2A1 which is obtained from the reaction between DOMS and aniline were synthesized. The thermosets have been characterized with cross-polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and other techniques. D2A1 was smectic at room temperature and turned to nematic at 85°C upon heating, then turned isotropic at 135°C. Activation energies for decomposition ( Ed) using TGA were calculated according to the technique of Flynn-Wall to determine Ed as a function of conversion α by a weight loss process.
Compression and representation
Authors: Turner Mark
Published: February 2006

Mental spaces are often connected by vital conceptual relations. When mental spaces serve as inputs to a blended mental space, the vital conceptual relations between them can be ‘compressed’ to blended structure inside the blended mental space. In other words, ‘outer-space’ relations become ‘inner-space’ relations. This article discusses compression of the outer-space relation of representation under mental blending.
Whose rhyme is whose reason? Sound and sense in Cyrano de Bergerac
Authors: Sweetser Eve
Published: February 2006

This article proposes a new interpretation of the relationship between poetic form and literary interpretation in Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac, focusing on the special affordances of rhyme and meter in dramatic verse and on Rostand's virtuosic exploitation of poetic blending possibilities in Cyrano. I claim that poetic blends play a thematically essential role in this work, at a level far beyond their thematic contribution to most verse drama. Such a reading of Cyranomay thus help to expose general aspects of poetic blending which may be less visibly present in other texts. It also has consequences for our understanding of verbal humor and irony. In the final section of the article, I propose an extension of my analysis of metric and rhyming blends to the beginnings of a cognitive poetic treatment of intertextuality as blending.
Blending and characters’ mental functioning in Virginia Woolf's ‘Lappin and Lapinova’
Authors: Semino Elena
Published: February 2006

In this article I apply Fauconnier and Turner's (2002) theory of conceptual integration, or blending, to the analysis of a central aspect of the main characters’ mental lives in Virginia Woolf's story ‘Lappin and Lapinova’. The female protagonist of the story, Rosalind, has difficulties adjusting to her role as the new wife of Ernest Thorburn, and therefore constructs an alternative fantasy world where Ernest is a rabbit king called Lappin. At the beginning of their married life, Rosalind and Ernest develop this fantasy world together, and add to it a counterpart for Rosalind herself – a hare called Queen Lapinova. With the passing of time, Ernest loses interest in the fantasy, but Rosalind becomes increasingly dependent on it, so that Ernest's announcement of Lapinova's death at the end of the story also results in the ‘end’ of their marriage. In my analysis, I show how the ‘rabbit’ fantasy world can be described in terms of what Fauconnier and Turner (2002) call a conceptual integration network: a dynamic construct resulting from the interaction of different mental spaces and involving the creation of a blended space with ‘emergent structure’ of its own. In order to account for the different roles that the blended space plays for Rosalind as opposed to Ernest, I adopt Palmer's (2004) distinction between ‘intramental’ and ‘intermental’ functioning. I therefore describe the fantasy world as a multiple blend that begins as an intramental construct, develops into an intermental construct, and ends as a largely intramental construct once again, with serious implications for Rosalind's sanity and the relationship between the two main characters in the story.
Ways of reading Sherlock Holmes: the entrenchment of discourse blends
Authors: Tobin Vera
Published: February 2006

Current work on conceptual integration and literary texts often features detailed analysis of a single reading of a text in terms of the conceptual integration networks involved in constructing that interpretation. However, a single linguistic form can inspire manifold readings. This article takes a historical view of the conceptual blends involved in a range of different literary interpretations generated by different groups of readers of a single set of texts, the Sherlock Holmes detective stories by Arthur Conan Doyle. First, it examines the case of the numerous and diverse historical readers who took these fictional texts to be non-fiction, and how their conceptions mirror and diverge from the ways readers become immersed in texts they know to be fiction. This is followed by an analysis of the early ‘Sherlockian’ essays, criticism operating under the pretense of a historical Holmes and a historical Watson who recorded his adventures with varying accuracy. In the Sherlockian tradition, something very like the naïve believer stance independently emerges from this playful and parodic novel blend. The history of this stance among its practitioners is then shown to be an example of the routinization of a blend within a discourse community. These complex discourse blends turn out to have much the same capacity for entrenchment and semantic change as any grammatical construction.
‘The explosive devices of memory’: trauma and the construction of identity in narrative
Authors: McAlister Sean
Published: February 2006

This article attempts to show how a cognitive approach to textual analysis can function alongside other critical methodologies. Helen Weinzweig's novel Basic Black with Pearlsis an examination of the effects of trauma on the psyche, and in particular on its construction and maintenance of a sense of identity. As Shirley, the novel's narrator, struggles to locate the various aspects of her own identity, so too is the reader forced to experience this struggle in the act of attempting to construct for Shirley an identity out of her fragmented and discontinuous narrative. I approach this interpretational problem from two perspectives. Making use primarily of the work by Caruth, I demonstrate how Weinzweig's text might be read according to a canonical trauma paradigm. On the other hand, I consider Weinzweig's text within a cognitive stylistic framework, making use of Turner and Fauconnier's theory of conceptual blending and its various incarnations, as well as Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory. With these methodologies, the article proposes an account of the specific stylistic differences between the narrative representation of identity and that of identity in trauma.
Blending: A Response
Authors: Freeman Margaret H.
Published: February 2006

This response to the five articles in this special issue on blending focuses on how the power of blending as a basic human cognitive ability not surprisingly extends into all aspects of human creativity, illuminating such literary forms as narrative perspective, character and identity formation, and poetic styles, as well as reader reception and response or cultural development and transmission. In their extension of earlier studies of blending in poetry to drama, film, and prose narratives, these five articles reveal the possibilities of a broader scope for blending theory in literature. However, if blending theory is to succeed in modeling the human mind, it must also account for intentionality and feeling. In the second section of this article, therefore, I explore Susanne K. Langer's idea that literature creates the semblance of felt life, an idea that raises the possibility that form-meaning blending includes the iconic notion of form as feeling. Using Per Aage Brandt's cognitive-semiotic elaboration of Fauconnier and Turner's blending model and Masako Hiraga's model for metaphor-icon links in language, I suggest the possibility of constructing an aesthetic theory of literature that would reveal the central and crucial role that literature (and all the arts) play in human consciousness and feeling.
Questioning Consensus, Cultivating Conflict
Authors: De Cock Christian , Jeanes Emma L.
Published: February 2006

This article puts into question the preoccupation with consensus and convergence that seems to characterize the field of organization and management theory (OMT). Much effort has been directed to providing a model of unification legitimating the political containment of conflictual diversity. Even potentially controversial debates (such as the “paradigm wars”) have taken on a rather tired quality as academics tend to look for middle ground or are happy to retreat into private language games. This article suggests that we should move beyond bridging or containment strategies and strive for a true repoliticization of the field. This presupposes that we learn to value notions of conflict and struggle again, rather than muffling them by referring to a common so-called professionalism. In developing the argument, the article connects with the thinking of Mikhail Bakhtin, offering a challenge to integration and/or consensus and fragmentation and/or incommensurability discourses that seem so prevalent in the field today.
Talking Tainted Topics
Authors: MacLean Tammy , Anteby Michel , Hudson Bryant , Rudolph Jenny W.
Published: February 2006

This article uses conversational processes to advance idea development related to researching socially disapproved organizational behavior (SDOB). Ideas are grounded both in the authors' individual experiences researching such “tainted topics” and in insights that emerged through conversation about their research process related to SDOB. The transcript from their conversation reveals five common themes cutting across all three researchers' experiences with SDOB: the personal connection of the researcher to the research, difficulties associated with gaining access to organizations and/or informants, the relevance of insider status of the researcher, personal dilemmas common to this type of work, and the distinctive contribution of SDOB research to organization studies.
Inquiry on Inquiry
Authors: Alpaslan C. Murat , Babb Marin , Green Sandy Edward , Mitroff Ian I.
Published: February 2006

The subject matter of this article is the discussions that occurred during the process of conceptualizing and writing a paper on the philosophy of organizational science. These discussions reflect some of the tensions inherent in academic writing and publishing, as well as personal and intellectual tensions, which can make the writing process frustrating and, at once, enlightening.
Implementing and Sustaining Empowerment
Authors: Silver Seth , Randolph W. Alan , Seibert Scott
Published: February 2006

This article explores the experiences of two organizations, one nonprofit and the other forprofit, seeking to create a culture of empowerment. Both organizations make a strong start and achieve significant change that is reflected in qualitative observations, quantitative measures of empowerment, and organizational performance results. The for-profit organization manages to sustain ongoing change in the direction of greater empowerment; however, the nonprofit loses focus and eventually drops the change effort. The article compares the two cases paying particular attention to contextual factors to better understand what may have lead to the different outcomes and then closes with ten lessons for sustaining empowerment efforts.
Poetry and the Rhetoric of Management
Authors: March James G.
Published: February 2006

An exploration of William Butler Yeats's poem Easter 1916 as an illustration of the proposition that poetry is a natural medium for expressing and contemplating doubt, paradox, and contradiction—features of life, well-known to experienced managers, but normally banished, perhaps with reason, from the public language of management.