bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judith Butler, the Bakhtin Circle and Free Speech: State Hegemony, Race and Grievability in R.A.V. v. St Paul
Authors: Roberts John Michael
Published: November 2022

In June 21, 1990, the Joneses, an African-American family living in the mainly white and working-class neighbourhood of St. Paul in Minnesota, saw a small white cross burning in their yard. By placing the burning cross on the yard, the Minnesota Supreme Court argued that one of the accused, Robert A Viktora, had engaged in ‘fighting words’. However, the US Supreme Court reversed this decision, arguing that the local authority in St Paul only legally banned certain ‘fighting words’, but not others. Judith Butler explores this legal case, R.A.V. v. St. Paul. Judith Butler argues in her earlier work that the Supreme Court in effect represented the burning cross as being non-performative and simply a vehicle of expression rather than a historical symbol of hate speech towards African-Americans. In this paper, I look again at the R.A.V. case. But I do so by both drawing on what Butler explicitly says about the case in her early work and integrating this with her later work on the ethics of grief, state hegemony and public assemblies. Furthermore, I also incorporate some of the insights of the Bakhtin Circle into Butler’s work to strengthen her arguments. The paper then revisits R.A.V. v. St. Paul and shows how Reaganite state hegemony effectively transformed issues of racism surrounding this free speech case into ‘monologic’ and ‘ungrievable’ public matters of concern. The paper concludes by briefly discussing counter-hegemonic politics of free speech.
Multicarrier technique for 5G massive MIMO system based on CDMA and CMFB
Authors: Ghorab Laila El , Badran Ehab F. , Zaki Amira I. , Badawi Waleed K.
Published: November 2022

Filterbank multicarrier (FBMC) is an effective method for modulation over massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in the future fifth generation wireless networks. This multicarrier technique provides high spectral efficiency, and it is resilient against synchronization errors compared to the well-known orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique. This paper introduces a new technique, that combines the Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) and cosine modulated filter banks, a specific class of FBMC, to massive MIMO communication systems. In the proposed technique, the data symbols are transmitted on different sub-bands and also, they are spread in each sub-band by CDMA code. The proposed technique reduces the interference between data symbols, which consequently improves bit-error-rate (BER) performance. Simulation results show that the overall BER performance of the proposed multicarrier transmission technique is significantly enhanced. The results obtained show that as the number of base station antennas increases, different channel distortions are averaged out, thus BER decreases (in average by 10–2) for the same signal-to-noise ratio.
Weekly somapacitan had no adverse effects on glucose metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Takahashi Yutaka , Biller Beverly M. K. , Fukuoka Hidenori , Ho Ken K. Y. , Rasmussen Michael Højby , Nedjatian Navid , Sværke Claus , Yuen Kevin C. J. , Johannsson Gudmundur
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The long-term effects of long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) analogues on glucose metabolism in adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) are not known. We investigated the impact of LAGH somapacitan, administered once-weekly, on glucose metabolism in patients with AGHD.

Methods

In post hoc-defined analyses, we compared the effects of somapacitan with daily growth hormone (GH) and placebo on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β) in patients with AGHD across a unique data set from three phase 3 randomized controlled trials (REAL 1, REAL 2 and REAL Japan).

Results

No new cases of diabetes mellitus were reported with somapacitan. Among GH-naïve patients (n = 120 somapacitan, n = 119 daily GH), higher changes from baseline in FPG, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin levels were observed with daily GH versus somapacitan at 34 weeks, but not at 86 weeks. HbA1c and HOMA-β did not differ between groups at either timepoint. Among treatment-naïve patients, sex, age, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance status and body mass index did not influence changes in glucose metabolism. In previously treated patients (REAL 1 extension: n = 51 somapacitan, n = 52 daily GH; REAL 2: n = 61 and n = 31, respectively; REAL Japan: n = 46 and n = 16, respectively), the difference in changes from baseline were not statistically significant between somapacitan and daily GH for any glucose metabolism parameters.

Conclusions

Somapacitan, compared with daily GH, did not adversely affect glucose metabolism up to 86 weeks in a large cohort of treatment-naïve or previously treated patients with AGHD.

Trial registrations (date of registration): NCT02229851 (2 September 2014), NCT02382939 (3 March 2015), NCT03075644 (7 March 2017).
Toward Understanding Science as a Whole
Authors: Takriti Rachel , Tairab Hassan , Alhosani Najwa , Elhoweris Hala , Schofield Lindsay , Rabbani Lutfieh , AlAmirah Iman
Published: November 2022

Nature of science (NOS) is a global conception of the infrastructure of science and, therefore, forms the foundation for teaching and learning science, especially for preservice teachers who are expected to have the proper understanding of NOS to thoughtfully emphasize NOS within their instruction to students. However, studies investigating UAE science preservice teachers’ views of NOS through the macro-lens of the Reconceptualized Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science (RFN) are limited. This study, therefore, aims to determine the current state of UAE preservice teachers’ (N = 130) understanding of the NOS and NOS instruction. Results obtained from the RFN 70-item questionnaire demonstrate that teachers were mostly informed about issues pertaining to the social-institutional aspects compared to aspects related to the cognitive-epistemic nature of science. Although teachers appeared to hold informed perceptions on certain aspects of NOS across the RFN scales and subscales, they had mixed views, as well as misconceptions on other particular aspects of NOS (i.e., the role of bias, gender, and politics on scientific knowledge, the existence of a universal scientific method, and the distinction between laws and theories). Practical and pedagogical implications for teaching and an agenda for further research are discussed.
Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions and volume using cone beam computed tomography in patients with unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines
Authors: Alhaija Elham S. Abu , AlWahadni Ahed M. , Al-Tawachi Akram , Daher Saba O. , Daher Hasan O.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus (MS) dimensions and volume in unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines.

Methods

CBCT images for 133 patients were included in the study. Maxillary canines were unilaterally displaced palatally in 83 patients (PDCs) and buccally in 50 patients(BDCs). The following variables were measured: canine position in relation to MS walls, MS pneumatization and MS dimensions and volume.

Results

MS was extended to the incisor region in 10% and 13% and to the canine region in 48% and 23% in BDCs and PDCs subjects, respectively. In BDC subjects, maxillary canine crown tip was more laterally (24.23 mm compared to 22.93 mm (p < 0.05)) and closer vertically (5.82 mm compared to 9.58 mm (p < 0.001)) to the MS, maxillary canine root tip was closer to the MS anterior (0 mm compared to 1.64 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (19.70 mm compared to 22.02 mm (p < 0.001)) walls and the MS volume (11.57mm3 compared to 9.09 mm3 (p < 0.001)) was increased in the displaced side compared to the non-displaced side. In PDC subjects, a significant difference between the displaced and non-displaced sides was detected in the vertical (3.28 mm compared to 5.89 mm (p < 0.001)) and lateral (21.63 mm compared to 24.25 mm (p < 0.001)) position of maxillary canine to the MS wall, the anterior (− 0.84 mm compared to 1.13 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (20.48 mm compared to 22.44 mm (p < 0.001)) position of canine root tip to the MS and the MS volume (7.71mm3 compared to 9.14mm3 (p < 0.001)). PDC sides differed from BDC sides in the lateral and vertical position of canine crown tip to MS and in MS volume. PDC showed negative association with MS volume and anteroposterior skeletal relationship and a positive association with MS height.

Conclusions

PDCs subjects have a reduced MS volume and BDCs subjects have an increased MS volume. PDCs are associated with reduced MS volume, increased MS height and Class III skeletal relationship.
Animal-Assisted Interventions Improve Mental, But Not Cognitive or Physiological Health Outcomes of Higher Education Students: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Huber Annalena , Klug Stefanie J. , Abraham Annette , Westenberg Erica , Schmidt Veronika , Winkler Andrea S.
Published: November 2022

Due to the high burden of mental health issues among students at higher education institutions world-wide, animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are being used to relieve student stress. The objective of this study was to systematically review of the effects of AAIs on the mental, physiological, and cognitive outcomes of higher education students. Randomized controlled trials using any unfamiliar animal as the sole intervention tool were included in this review. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. Where possible, effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were pooled for individual outcomes using random-effects meta-analyses. Albatross plots were used to supplement the data synthesis. Of 2.494 identified studies, 35 were included. Almost all studies used dogs as the intervention animal. The quality of most included studies was rated as moderate. Studies showed an overall reduction of acute anxiety and stress. For other mental outcomes, studies showed smaller, but nonetheless beneficial effects. Studies showed no clear effect on physiological or cognitive outcomes. Strong methodological heterogeneity between studies limited the ability to draw clear conclusions.
Levels of Genetic Variants Among Symptomatic Blastocystis Subtypes and their Relationship to Mucosal Immune Surveillance in the Precancerous Colons of Experimentally Infected Rats
Authors: Hussein Eman M. , Muhammad Muhammad A. A. , Hussein Abdalla M. , Elzagawy Sherine M. , Zaki Wafaa M. , Temsah Ashraf G. , Badr Mohamed S. , Alabbassy Maha M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The relationship between the genetic diversity of Blastocystis and immune surveillance in precancerous colons with blastocystosis is still under investigation. This study aimed to identify the genetic Blastocystis variants among 54 symptomatic human isolates and their relationship to mucosal immune surveillance in the precancerous polyps of experimentally infected rats.

Methods

Polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution melting (PCR/HRM) curves discriminated human symptomatic Blastocystis isolates into subtypes (STs)/intrasubtypes, which were orally administered to rats to induce experimental infection. Then, the mucosal immune responses of the infected colons were evaluated in relation to polyp formation through immunostaining to identify mucus MUC2 and determine mucosal immune cell (goblet, lymphocyte and mast) counts, secretory IgA levels and parasitic intestinal invasion.

Results

ST1, ST3, and ST4 were found in 18.5% (10/54), 54.7% (29/54), and 27.8% (15/54) of the samples, respectively. Then, the HRM curve discriminated ST3 into the wild, mutant, and heterozygous [17/54 (31.5%), 5/54 (9.3%), and 7/54 (12.9%)] intrasubtypes. ST1 and ST4 had no genetic variations. Precancerous polyps were detected in the colons of 40.5% of the infected rats. ST1 constituted 14.7% of these cases, while the wild, mutant, and heterozygous intrasubtypes of ST3 showed polyps in 12.9%, 5.5%, and 5.5% of cases, respectively. Only 1.9% of the polyps were related to ST4. MUC2 showed weak immunostaining in 44.5% of the infected colons, and 38.9% were polyp inducers. Low goblet cell numbers and high interepithelial lymphocyte counts were significantly associated with polyp formation, particularly with ST1 and wild ST3. Among the polyp inducers, high numbers of mast cells were detected in wild ST3 and ST4, while a low number was found with heterozygous ST3. The level of secretory IgA was low in polyp-inducing STs. Most of the results were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Immunosurveillance showed a potential relationship between ST1 and the ST3 intrasubtypes and precancerous polyps. This relationship may provide insight into the prevention and/or development of new immunotherapeutic strategies to combat colorectal cancer.
Deconvolution of the Functional Ultrasound Response in the Mouse Visual Pathway Using Block-Term Decomposition
Authors: Erol Aybüke , Soloukey Chagajeg , Generowicz Bastian , van Dorp Nikki , Koekkoek Sebastiaan , Kruizinga Pieter , Hunyadi Borbála
Published: November 2022

Functional ultrasound (fUS) indirectly measures brain activity by detecting changes in cerebral blood volume following neural activation. Conventional approaches model such functional neuroimaging data as the convolution between an impulse response, known as the hemodynamic response function (HRF), and a binarized representation of the input signal based on the stimulus onsets, the so-called experimental paradigm (EP). However, the EP may not characterize the whole complexity of the activity-inducing signals that evoke the hemodynamic changes. Furthermore, the HRF is known to vary across brain areas and stimuli. To achieve an adaptable framework that can capture such dynamics of the brain function, we model the multivariate fUS time-series as convolutive mixtures and apply block-term decomposition on a set of lagged fUS autocorrelation matrices, revealing both the region-specific HRFs and the source signals that induce the hemodynamic responses. We test our approach on two mouse-based fUS experiments. In the first experiment, we present a single type of visual stimulus to the mouse, and deconvolve the fUS signal measured within the mouse brain’s lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus and visual cortex. We show that the proposed method is able to recover back the time instants at which the stimulus was displayed, and we validate the estimated region-specific HRFs based on prior studies. In the second experiment, we alter the location of the visual stimulus displayed to the mouse, and aim at differentiating the various stimulus locations over time by identifying them as separate sources.
Physicochemical and microbial quality of drinking water in slum households of Hawassa City, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Robel Sahilu , Teka Mohammed Ayniae
Published: November 2022

Drinking water quality and its public health effect are ignored in urban slum households of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess physicochemical and microbial quality of drinking water stored in slum households of Hawassa City, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 120 water samples were collected from 60 households (60 tap, 60 households) to test the quality. Wagtech Potalab + PTW − 1000 was used to test the parameters. Physicochemical parameters—temperature, turbidity, pH and residual free chlorine were measured. Presence of total and faecal coliform bacteria was tested using the Wagtech membrane filtration procedure. Heads of the households were asked about the case of diarrhoeal diseases in any of their family members. Data were statistically analysed and compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Paired t test was used to analyse the mean difference between tap and household water samples. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate any significant association between presence of faecal coliform in the water samples and occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases. Eight (13.3%) tap and 28 (46.7%) household water samples were found positive for total coliform; five (8.3%) tap and 19 (31.7%) household water samples were positive for faecal coliform. Eleven (18.3%) household water samples had faecal coliform 10–100 CFU/100 ml, which falls under high-risk category based on WHO standard. The paired t test (p < 0.05) showed significant mean difference between faecal coliform count of the tap and household water samples. The binary logistic regression analysis implied the odds for occurrence of diarrhoeal disease is 17.33 more in households with positive faecal coliform results (p < 0.05). It is concluded that there was a significant level of faecal contamination of drinking water at the household level. Therefore, it is recommended that continuous health education on drinking water handling should be given to slum households.
Effect of Plasma Nitriding on Structure and Properties of Titanium Grade 2 Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering
Authors: Sitek R. , Kamiński J. , Adamczyk-Cieślak B. , Molak R. , Spychalski M. , Cowell B. , McCann J. , Roliński E.
Published: November 2022

This article presents the effect of an Indirect Plasma Nitriding process on the microstructure and properties of Titanium Grade- 2 samples manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Method (DMLS). It was determined, based on morphological analysis that the physical and chemical phenomena occurring at the surface during nitriding has a decisive effect on surface roughening. Phase and stress analysis shown the nitrided layer produced in a pure nitrogen at 760 °C and containing TiN + TiN0.30 + Ti2N is under compressive stress and its characteristic of a high hardness and Young Modulus as compare to Grade 2 titanium samples produced only by DMLS technique (without nitriding). Static tensile stress carried out at room temperature show that the nitrided samples containing TiN + TiN0.30 + Ti2N have much lower yield (YS0.2) and tensile strength (UTS) compared to the not nitrided samples. Tests carried out in Ringer’s solution, using impedance and potentiodynamic methods at temperatures elevated to 36.6 ± 0.3 °C to simulate human-’s’ body temperature, show that nitriding increased corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Attention: a descriptive taxonomy
Authors: Kaldas Antonios
Published: November 2022

The termattentionhas been used to mean so many different things that some have despaired of it being useful at all. This paper is devoted to bringing a modicum of order to the chaos through the time-honored device of categorization. The chief purpose of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive descriptive taxonomy of the nuanced ways the termattentionmay be employed. It is presented in table form, followed by elucidations and illustrations of each of its items. But first, I offer reasons why a taxonomy of attention is needed and explore some of its possible benefits. After presenting the taxonomy, I sketch by way of example how it might be applied to two interesting questions: is the umbrella termattentionstill useful?; and, what is it that ties the subdefinitions of attention together yet distinguishes them from other kinds of cognition?
A Pan-European Review of Good Practices in Early Intervention Safeguarding Practice with Children, Young People and Families: Evidence Gathering to Inform a Multi-disciplinary Training Programme (the ERICA Project) in Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect in Seven European Countries
Authors: Appleton J. V. , Bekaert S. , Hucker J. , Zlatkute G. , Paavilainen E. , Schecke H. , Specka M. , Scherbaum N. , Jouet E. , Zabłocka-Żytka L. , Woźniak-Prus M. , Czabała J. Cz. , Kluczyńska S. , Bachi B. , Bartoli F. , Carrà G. , Cioni R. M. , Crocamo C. , Rantanen H. E. , Kaunonen M. , Nieminen I. , Roe L. , Keenan K. , Viganò G. , Baldacchino A.
Published: November 2022

Child maltreatment has detrimental social and health effects for individuals, families and communities. The ERICA project is a pan-European training programme that equips non-specialist threshold practitioners with knowledge and skills to prevent and detect child maltreatment. This paper describes and presents the findings of a rapid review of good practice examples across seven participating countries including local services, programmes and risk assessment tools used in the detection and prevention of child maltreatment in the family. Learning was applied to the development of the generic training project. A template for mapping the good practice examples was collaboratively developed by the seven participating partner countries. A descriptive data analysis was undertaken organised by an a priori analysis framework. Examples were organised into three areas: programmes tackling child abuse and neglect, local practices in assessment and referral, risk assessment tools. Key findings were identified using a thematic approach. Seventy-two good practice examples were identified and categorised according to area, subcategory and number. A typology was developed as follows: legislative frameworks, child health promotion programmes, national guidance on child maltreatment, local practice guidance, risk assessment tools, local support services, early intervention programmes, telephone or internet-based support services, COVID-19 related good practices. Improved integration of guidance into practice and professional training in child development were highlighted as overarching needs. The impact of COVID-19 on safeguarding issues was apparent. The ERICA training programme formally responded to the learning identified in this international good practice review.
Nonlinear robust estimation for tracking of ballistic target using risk sensitive cubature quadrature Kalman filter
Authors: Swati
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a risk sensitive estimator based on cubature quadrature Kalman filter is formulated and applied for tracking a ballistic object during its re-entry phase. The formulated algorithm is named here as risk sensitive cubature quadrature Kalman filter. The process model and measurement model for two dimensional ballistic target motion is described. The expression for measurement noise covariance is derived for Cartesian coordinate from polar coordinate. Also expression for initial error covariance is derived. The performance of the risk sensitive cubature quadrature Kalman filter is compared with the cubature quadrature Kalman Filter in terms of root mean square error. The simulation results reveal that for wrongly modeled process noise parameter, the risk sensitive filter performs better than their risk neutral counterpart. Moreover, risk sensitive cubature quadrature Kalman filter performs better than risk sensitive cubature Kalman filter. Since expression for measurement noise covariance as well as initial error covariance for two dimensional ballistic target motion is derived, other Gaussian filters may also be applied for tracking of ballistic objects.

Article Highlights

The process model for two dimensional ballistic target motion is described comprehensively.

The expression for measurement noise covariance matrix for linear measurement model is derived for Cartesian coordinate from polar coordinate.

The expression for initial error covariance matrix for the filter initialized from the first two measurements is derived.

Risk sensitive filter based on cubature quadrature Kalman filter is applied for tracking of two dimensional ballistic target motion and improvement in performance over its risk neutral counterpart is found.

Improvement in performance of risk sensitive filter based on cubature quadrature Kalman filter over risk sensitive filter based on cubature Kalman filter is found.
Integrated Population Models: Achieving Their Potential
Authors: Frost Fay , McCrea Rachel , King Ruth , Gimenez Olivier , Zipkin Elise
Published: November 2022

Precise and accurate estimates of abundance and demographic rates are primary quantities of interest within wildlife conservation and management. Such quantities provide insight into population trends over time and the associated underlying ecological drivers of the systems. This information is fundamental in managing ecosystems, assessing species conservation status and developing and implementing effective conservation policy. Observational monitoring data are typically collected on wildlife populations using an array of different survey protocols, dependent on the primary questions of interest. For each of these survey designs, a range of advanced statistical techniques have been developed which are typically well understood. However, often multiple types of data may exist for the same population under study. Analyzing each data set separately implicitly discards the common information contained in the other data sets. An alternative approach that aims to optimize the shared information contained within multiple data sets is to use a “model-based data integration” approach, or more commonly referred to as an “integrated model.” This integrated modeling approach simultaneously analyzes all the available data within a single, and robust, statistical framework. This paper provides a statistical overview of ecological integrated models, with a focus on integrated population models (IPMs) which include abundance and demographic rates as quantities of interest. Four main challenges within this area are discussed, namely model specification, computational aspects, model assessment and forecasting. This should encourage researchers to explore further and develop new practical tools to ensure that full utility can be made of IPMs for future studies.
Colombian Origin Coffee Supply Chain Traceability by a Blockchain Implementation
Authors: Bettín-Díaz Rafael , Rojas Alix E. , Mejía-Moncayo Camilo
Published: November 2022

This exploratory study explains how to implement Blockchain technology for a supply chain by a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, an open distributed ledger platform. This approach allowed to identify the feasibility and some implementation challenges, yield feedback, and exemplify one manner of tracing product origin using a distributed ledger technology. For this purpose, the case study of origin coffee is analyzed, given the relevance of traceability in this type of coffee and the cultural and economic importance of this agricultural product in the Colombian context. In addition, the data stored in the Blockchain and some technological architecture aspects are discussed.
Topologically protected surface states in TaPdTe5
Authors: Lu Qi , Ran Zhao , Li Yunlong , Xu Chenhang , Hu Jiayuan , Yin Xunqing , Wang Guohua , Zhang Wentao , Luo Weidong , Xu Xiaofeng , Qian Dong
Published: November 2022

By combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles calculations, we have studied the electronic band structure of a topological material candidate TaPdTe5.Two inverted bulk gaps determined through the parity analysis were observed in TaPdTe5 near the Fermi level, which causes the appearance of topologically protected surface states on the (010) surface. Beside the surface state, we also observed strong surface resonance state. The hybridization between the surface resonance state and the surface state changes the quasi-one-dimensional like Fermi surface sheets of the surface resonance state into two-dimensional Fermi pockets. Our findings provide comprehensive understanding about the interesting surface states in TaPdTe5.
Correlated and topological physics in ABC-trilayer graphene moiré superlattices
Authors: Chen Guorui
Published: November 2022

The high tunability of two-dimensional (2D) materials makes them an optimal platform for simulating, achieving, and manipulating novel quantum states in condensed matter physics. Moiré flatband systems formed through lattice mismatch or twisting between atomic layers have recently been discovered, allowing for bridging 2D materials with strongly correlated and topological physics. In this review, we briefly discuss band folding in graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) moiré superlattices and related experimental results as well as introduce a general approach for developing 2D correlated systems and applying them in ABC trilayer graphene on hBN (ABC-TLG/hBN) moiré superlattices. We also compare the experimental results of the tunable correlated and topological phenomenon of ABC-TLG/hBN with those of other related moiré systems.
Arthropod fauna of the urban coastal wetland of Aguada La Chimba (Antofagasta Region, Chile): a wetland in an arid matrix
Authors: Pizarro-Araya Jaime , Alfaro Fermín M. , Gómez Francisco A. , Villablanca Roberto
Published: November 2022

Urban coastal wetlands are fragile ecosystems that provide important ecosystemic services. However, these ecosystems are subject to considerable external pressures from urban development, which leads to serious disturbances in their structure, functioning, and diversity as a result of the advancement of urban, agricultural, foraging, and drainage activities, as well as displacement of endemic species by invasive ones. Within the biological communities of these ecosystems, arthropods play an important trophic and ecological role as food resource, pollinating agents, biological controllers, organic matter decomposers, and nutrient cyclers. In this paper we characterize the taxonomic richness and abundance of the terrestrial arthropod fauna of the Aguada de La Chimba urban coastal wetland (Antofagasta Region, Chile) using various methods. From a total of 1,874 specimens, we identified 109 terrestrial arthropod species, where Insecta was the most represented taxon, with 85 species, 47 families, and 15 orders. The estimated species richness values were higher than the observed values for the different groups under study, and insects showed the highest species values in all estimators. Based on their origin, the communities identified included native (24%), naturalized (22%), and to a lesser extent, endemic species. We also characterize the major threats to this urban wetland and discuss the importance of building public–private partnerships with the local community for the success of biodiversity conservation programs in coastal ecosystems.
Modification of agricultural wastes to improve sorption capacities for pollutant removal from water – a review
Authors: Liu Guofei , Dai Zhongmin , Liu Xingmei , Dahlgren Randy A. , Xu Jianming
Published: November 2022

Water pollution is a great risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Among water pollution remediation strategies, adsorption mechanisms provide strong efficacy for a wide variety of pollutants. Several recent efforts examined the development of low cost adsorbents utilizing commonly available agricultural wastes. However, raw (i.e., unaltered) agricultural wastes typically exhibit low sorption capacity for pollutants due to their non-reactive structural/composition properties. Hence, modifications of raw agricultural wastes to enhance their sorption capacities for various aquatic pollutants are necessary to optimize their performance for pollutant removal. Numerous modification techniques are effective in altering agricultural wastes for improved sorption performance. This paper reviews the development of modified agricultural waste materials for pollutant removal from water. We compiled an extensive inventory of modification techniques applied to agricultural wastes to enhance their adsorption capacities for removal of a wide range of pollutants. Modification strategies and their effects on sorption properties were rigorously examined to highlight key advancements in the preparation of adsorbents from agricultural wastes. Finally, the costs of these materials were examined, along with the benefits and drawbacks concerning their use. This review provides a thorough assessment for advancing the utilization of agricultural wastes for preparing adsorbents for water treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Haplotype-Resolved Genome of Sika Deer Reveals Allele-Specific Gene Expression and Chromosome Evolution
Authors: Han Ruobing , Han Lei , Zhao Xunwu , Wang Qianghui , Xia Yanling , Li Heping
Published: November 2022

Despite the scientific and medicinal importance of diploid sika deer (Cervus nippon), its genome resources are limited and haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale assembly is urgently needed. To explore mechanisms underlying the expression patterns of the allele-specific genes in antlers and the chromosome evolution in Cervidae, we report, for the first time, a high-quality haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome of sika deer by integrating multiple sequencing strategies, which was anchored to 32 homologous groups with a pair of sex chromosomes (XY). Several expanded genes (RET, PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B, YWHAB, YWHAZ, and RPS6) and positively selected genes (eIF4E, Wnt8A, Wnt9B, BMP4, and TP53) were identified, which could contribute to rapid antler growth without carcinogenesis. A comprehensive and systematic genome-wide analysis of allele expression patterns revealed that most alleles were functionally equivalent in regulating rapid antler growth and inhibiting oncogenesis. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that chromosome fission might occur during the divergence of sika deer and red deer (Cervus elaphus), and the olfactory sensation of sika deer might be more powerful than that of red deer. Obvious inversion regions containing olfactory receptor genes were also identified, which arose since the divergence. In conclusion, the high-quality allele-aware reference genome provides valuable resources for further illustration of the unique biological characteristics of antler, chromosome evolution, and multi-omics research of cervid animals.
A decomposition for Lévy processes inspected at Poisson moments
Authors: Boxma Onno , Mandjes Michel
Published: November 2022

We consider a Lévy process Y(t) that is not continuously observed, but rather inspected at Poisson(
$\omega$
) moments only, over an exponentially distributed time
$T_\beta$
with parameter
$\beta$
. The focus lies on the analysis of the distribution of the running maximum at such inspection moments up to
$T_\beta$
, denoted by
$Y_{\beta,\omega}$
. Our main result is a decomposition: we derive a remarkable distributional equality that contains
$Y_{\beta,\omega}$
as well as the running maximum process
$\bar Y(t)$
at the exponentially distributed times
$T_\beta$
and
$T_{\beta+\omega}$
. Concretely,
$\overline{Y}(T_\beta)$
can be written as the sum of two independent random variables that are distributed as
$Y_{\beta,\omega}$
and
$\overline{Y}(T_{\beta+\omega})$
. The distribution of
$Y_{\beta,\omega}$
can be identified more explicitly in the two special cases of a spectrally positive and a spectrally negative Lévy process. As an illustrative example of the potential of our results, we show how to determine the asymptotic behavior of the bankruptcy probability in the Cramér–Lundberg insurance risk model.
WALLABY Pilot Survey: Public release of HI kinematic models for more than 100 galaxies from phase 1 of ASKAP pilot observations
Authors: Deg N. , Spekkens K. , Westmeier T. , Reynolds T. N. , Venkataraman P. , Goliath S. , Shen A. X. , Halloran R. , Bosma A. , Catinella B , de Blok W. J. G. , Dénes H. , DiTeodoro E. M. , Elagali A. , For B.-Q. , Howlett C , Józsa G. I. G. , Kamphuis P. , Kleiner D. , Koribalski B , Lee-Waddell K. , Lelli F. , Lin X. , Murugeshan C. , Oh S. , Rhee J. , Scott T. C. , Staveley-Smith L. , van der Hulst J. M. , Verdes-Montenegro L. , Wang J. , Wong O. I.
Published: November 2022

We present the Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY) Pilot Phase I Hikinematic models. This first data release consists of Hiobservations of three fields in the direction of the Hydra and Norma clusters, and the NGC 4636 galaxy group. In this paper, we describe how we generate and publicly release flat-disk tilted-ring kinematic models for 109/592 unique Hidetections in these fields. The modelling method adopted here—which we call the WALLABY Kinematic Analysis Proto-Pipeline (WKAPP) and for which the corresponding scripts are also publicly available—consists of combining results from the homogeneous application of theFATand3DBaroloalgorithms to the subset of 209 detections with sufficient resolution and$S/N$in order to generate optimised model parameters and uncertainties. The 109 models presented here tend to be gas rich detections resolved by at least 3–4 synthesised beams across their major axes, but there is no obvious environmental bias in the modelling. The data release described here is the first step towards the derivation of similar products for thousands of spatially resolved WALLABY detections via a dedicated kinematic pipeline. Such a large publicly available and homogeneously analysed dataset will be a powerful legacy product that that will enable a wide range of scientific studies.
Precision mitochondrial medicine
Authors: Chinnery Patrick F.
Published: November 2022

Mitochondria play a key role in cell homeostasis as a major source of intracellular energy (adenosine triphosphate), and as metabolic hubs regulating many canonical cell processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely documented in many common diseases, and genetic studies point towards a causal role in the pathogenesis of specific late-onset disorder. Together this makes targeting mitochondrial genes an attractive strategy for precision medicine. However, the genetics of mitochondrial biogenesis is complex, with over 1,100 candidate genes found in two different genomes: the nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we review the current evidence associating mitochondrial genetic variants with distinct clinical phenotypes, with some having clear therapeutic implications. The strongest evidence has emerged through the investigation of rare inherited mitochondrial disorders, but genome-wide association studies also implicate mtDNA variants in the risk of developing common diseases, opening to door for the incorporation of mitochondrial genetic variant analysis in population disease risk stratification.
NOTES ON ATKIN–LEHNER THEORY FOR DRINFELD MODULAR FORMS
Authors: DALAL TARUN , KUMAR NARASIMHA
Published: November 2022

We settle a part of the conjecture by Bandini and Valentino [‘On the structure and slopes of Drinfeld cusp forms’, Exp. Math.31(2) (2022), 637–651] for
$S_{k,l}(\Gamma _0(T))$
when
$\mathrm {dim}\ S_{k,l}(\mathrm {GL}_2(A))\leq 2$
. We frame and check the conjecture for primes
$\mathfrak {p}$
and higher levels
$\mathfrak {p}\mathfrak {m}$
, and show that a part of the conjecture for level
$\mathfrak {p} \mathfrak {m}$
does not hold if
$\mathfrak {m}\ne A$
and
$(k,l)=(2,1)$
.
Extra virgin olive oil improves HDL lipid fraction but not HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity: a double-blind, randomised, controlled, cross-over study (OLIVAUS)
Authors: Sarapis Katerina , George Elena S. , Marx Wolfgang , Mayr Hannah L. , Willcox Jane , Powell Katie L. , Folasire Oladayo S. , Lohning Anna E. , Prendergast Luke A. , Itsiopoulos Catherine , Thomas Colleen J. , Moschonis George
Published: November 2022

Olive oil (OO) polyphenols have been shown to improve HDL anti-atherogenic function, thus demonstrating beneficial effects against cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of extra virgin high polyphenol olive oil (HPOO) v. low polyphenol olive oil (LPOO) on the capacity of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux in healthy adults. In a double-blind, randomised cross-over trial, fifty participants (aged 38·5 (sd 13·9) years, 66 % females) were supplemented with a daily dose (60 ml) of HPOO (320 mg/kg polyphenols) or LPOO (86 mg/kg polyphenols) for 3 weeks. Following a 2-week washout period, participants crossed over to the alternate treatment. Serum HDL-cholesterol efflux capacity, circulating lipids (i.e. total cholesterol, TAG, HDL, LDL) and anthropometrics were measured at baseline and follow-up. No significant between-group differences were observed. Furthermore, no significant changes in HDL-cholesterol efflux were found within either the LPOO and HPOO treatment arms; mean changes were 0·54 % (95 % CI (0·29, 1·37)) and 0·10 % (95 % CI (0·74, 0·94)), respectively. Serum HDL increased significantly after LPOO and HPOO intake by 0·13 mmol/l (95 % CI (0·04, 0·22)) and 0·10 mmol/l (95 % CI (0·02, 0·19)), respectively. A small but significant increase in LDL of 0·14 mmol/l (95 % CI (0·001, 0·28)) was observed following the HPOO intervention. Our results suggest that additional research is warranted to further understand the effect of OO with different phenolic content on mechanisms of cholesterol efflux via different pathways in multi-ethnic populations with diverse diets.
Substance use and psychotic-like experiences in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Matheson Sandra L. , Laurie Mallory , Laurens Kristin R.
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise the available evidence on the prevalence and associations between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and substance use in children and adolescents aged ⩽17 years, prior to the typical age of development of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. As substance use has been associated with earlier age of psychosis onset and more severe illness, identifying risk processes in the premorbid phase of the illness may offer opportunities to prevent the development of prodromal symptoms and psychotic illness. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched for chart review, case-control, cohort, twin, and cross-sectional studies. Study reporting was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist, and pooled evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Searches identified 55 studies that met inclusion criteria. Around two-in-five substance users reported PLEs [rate = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.51; low quality evidence], and one-in-five with PLEs reported using substances (rate = 0.19, 95% CI 0.12–0.28; moderate-to-high quality evidence). Substance users were nearly twice as likely to report PLEs than non-users [odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.55–2.02; moderate quality evidence], and those with PLEs were twice as likely to use substances than those not reporting PLEs (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.55–2.41; very low quality evidence). Younger age was associated with greater odds of PLEs in substance users compared to non-users. Young substance users may represent a subclinical at-risk group for psychosis. Developing early detection and intervention for both substance use and PLEs may reduce long-term adverse outcomes.
Focus interpretation in L1 and L2: The role of prosodic prominence and clefting
Authors: Yan Mengzhu , Warren Paul , Calhoun Sasha
Published: November 2022

Although the importance of prosody in processing information structure (IS) has been shown in many languages including English and Mandarin, the interacting effects of prosody with other linguistic systems, such as syntax, are relatively under-studied, especially in L2. This paper reports two question-answer appropriateness rating experiments, investigating intermediate-to-high proficiency Mandarin listeners’ integration of prosodic prominence and clefting cues in the interpretation of focus in their L1 and L2 (English). It was found that prosodic prominence was more effective than clefting as a cue to focus in L1 Mandarin. However, clefting was as effective as prominence in L2, showing L1–L2 differences in integrating multiple cues. The findings are discussed in terms of Mennen’s L2 intonation learning theory (2015) and Bates and MacWhinney’s Competition Model (1989), which provide a framework for understanding difficulties in acquiring the use of particular cues in L2. The current study contributes to our limited knowledge of a crucial part of L2 learning: how L2 learners process IS.
Autonomous robot navigation based on a hierarchical cognitive model
Authors: Cai Jianxian , Yan Fenfen , Shi Yan , Zhang Mengying , Guo Lili
Published: November 2022

We propose a hierarchical cognitive navigation model (HCNM) to improve the self-learning and self-adaptive ability of mobile robots in unknown and complex environments. The HCNM model adopts the divide and conquers approach by dividing the path planning task into different levels of sub-tasks in complex environments and solves each sub-task in a smaller state subspace to decrease the state space dimensions. The HCNM model imitates animal asymptotic properties through the study of thermodynamic processes and designs a cognitive learning algorithm to achieve online optimum search strategies. We prove that the learning algorithm designed ensures that the cognitive model can converge to the optimal behavior path with probability one. Robot navigation is studied on the basis of the cognitive process. The experimental results show that the HCNM model has strong adaptability in unknown and environment, and the navigation path is clearer and the convergence time is better. Among them, the convergence time of HCNM model is 25 s, which is 86.5% lower than that of HRLM model. The HCNM model studied in this paper adopts a hierarchical structure, which reduces the learning difficulty and accelerates the learning speed in the unknown environment.
A heuristic gait template planning and dynamic motion control for biped robots
Authors: Han Lianqiang , Chen Xuechao , Yu Zhangguo , Gao Zhifa , Huang Gao , Zhang Jintao , Hashimoto Kenji , Huang Qiang
Published: November 2022

Biped robots with dynamic motion control have shown strong robustness in complex environments. However, many motion planning methods rely on models, which have difficulty dynamically modifying the walking cycle, height, and other gait parameters to cope with environmental changes. In this study, a heuristic model-free gait template planning method with dynamic motion control is proposed. The gait trajectory can be generated by inputting the desired speed, walking cycle, and support height without a model. Then, the stable walking of the biped robot can be realized by foothold adjustment and whole-body dynamics model control. The gait template can be changed in real time to achieve gait flexibility of the biped robot. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by simulations and experiments of the biped robot BHR-B2. The research presented here helps improve the gait transition ability of biped robots in dynamic locomotion.
Britain and Europe's Gifted Children in the Quests for Democracy, Welfare and Productivity, 1970–1990
Authors: Crane Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Policy, voluntary, psychological and educational interest in gifted children emerged across Europe in the early twentieth century but surged dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s. This article explores the transnational voluntary circles hoping that gifted youth would bring peace and liberal democracy across Europe in these years. It analyses, also, how such work came into conflict with the expectations of conservative press in Britain: that gifted children would in fact bolster national economic progress. Critically, the article demonstrates that parents and children, drawing on professional and cultural capital, resisted ideas of gifted youth as global assets. Interest in giftedness revealed the growing ‘agency’ of articulate, affluent, middle-class families within the contexts of individualism and neoliberalism, but also its limits. Further, we can and must centre the experiences of young people in our scholarship, to truly understand how ‘agency’ operates within families and beyond.