bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Extremely Acidic to Alkaline – Diversity of Aquatic Invertebrates in Forest Mining Lakes Under the Pressure of Acidification
Authors: Spyra Aneta , Cieplok Anna , Taszakowska Natalia Kaszyca-
Published: April 2021

Human activities, including mining industry, have considerably degraded the water habitats worldwide. Acidification has severely affected aquatic environments with acidifying pollutants and constitute threat to freshwater biodiversity. The study area is unique for addressing the effects of mining-related acidification on biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems along a pH gradient (2.4-9.6). Using multivariate ordination techniques, we analysed taxa distribution to determine how variations in invertebrate composition correlated with environmental factors. The results revealed differences in pH of water, salinity indicators, hardness, and content of calcium, nitrites, and iron. The highest iron content, relatively high values of conductivity and chlorides was found in the extremely acidic mining lakes. A clear decreasing tendency was observed for the number of taxa with increasing acidity (Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Glossiphonidae). The density of Hirudinidae, Lestidae, Libellulidae, Caenidae, Sialidae, Dytiscidae, Helodidae, Hydrophilidae and Polycentropodidae increased along with decreasing pH. Specific communities were found with increasing acidity, therefore a progressive increase in acidity will probably have further influence on biological life and water chemistry. The data yielded offer an opportunity to fill knowledge gaps concerning less-studied aquatic environments and links environmental pollution with communities, which is especially important because forest habitats are especially exposed to different climatic factors and threats.
The Special theory of relativity in different media (Ⅱ)
Authors: Dong Na , Jun Dong
Published: April 2021

This paper analyzes the problems and contradictions that occur when the traditional special theory of relativity which uses the speed of light in a vacuum as an invariant constant, studies the propagation of light in media. These problems are re-examined and discussed with the special theory of relativity of variable speed of light. The transformation relationship of the characteristic quantities describing light wave frequency ν, phase velocity w and the direction angle α of the wave normal between the two inertial coordinate systems in vacuum S and in medium S' were derived; combining the transformation of the light ray speed u which describes light granular motion, the de Broglie wave-particle velocity relationship in the vacuum u w = c2 is νextended to the medium to become u' w' = c'2. Corrected the approach of the traditional special theory of relativity when dealing with these problems, in which the transformation from the space-time coordinates to the relevant physical quantity is limited to the half-sided transformation of the media into the vacuum (not two sided transformation), so that the resulting contradictions and problems are all solved. Optical experiments that support the traditional special theory of relativity, such as the Fizeau experiment and the Michelson-Morley experiment, not only still support and agree with the generalized special theory of relativity with variable speed of light, but also obtain a more correct and satisfactory interpretation from it.
FOXD1 Promotes EMT and Cell Stemness of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Transcriptional Activation of SNAI2
Authors: Chen Yang , Liang Weilian , Liu Ke , Shang Zhengjun
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness are implicated in the initiation and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Revealing the intrinsic regulatory mechanism may provide effective therapeutic targets for HNSCC.ResultsIn this study, we found Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) was upregulated in HNSCC when compared with normal samples. Patients with higher FOXD1 expression had poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. Immunohistochemistry results showed that FOXD1 expression was related to the clinical stage and relapse status of HNSCC patients. When knockdown the expression of FOXD1 in CAL27 and SCC25 cells, the migration, invasion, colony formation, sphere formation, and proliferation abilities decreased. Moreover, the EMT and stemness-related markers changed remarkably, which indicated the EMT process and cell stemness were inhibited. Conversely, overexpression of FOXD1 promoted EMT and cell stemness. Further study demonstrated that FOXD1 could bind to the promoter region and activate the transcription of SNAI2. The elevated SNAI2, in turn, affected the EMT and cell stemness. The in vivo study showed FOXD1 overexpressed CAL27 cells possessed stronger tumorigenic ability.ConclusionsOur findings revealed a novel mechanism in regulating EMT and cell stemness, and proposed FOXD1 as a potential marker for diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
Exploring the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine for the treatment of stimulant use disorder: a qualitative study with injectable opioid agonist treatment patients
Authors: Palis Heather , Marchand Kirsten , Peachey Gerald Spike , Westfall Jordan , Lock Kurt , MacDonald Scott , Jun Jennifer , Bojanczyk-Shibata Anna , Harrison Scott , Marsh David C , Schecther Martin T , Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia
Published: April 2021

Background: A high proportion of people receiving both oral and injectable opioid agonist treatment report concurrent use of stimulants (i.e. cocaine and or amphetamines), which has been associated with higher rates of continued illicit opioid use and treatment dropout. A recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine (a prescribed stimulant) at reducing craving for and use of cocaine among patients receiving injectable opioid agonist treatment. Following this evidence, dextroamphetamine has been prescribed to patients with stimulant use disorder at a clinic in Vancouver. This study investigates perceptions of the effectiveness of dextroamphetamine from the perspective of these patients.Methods: Data were collected using small focus groups and one-on-one interviews with patients who were currently or formerly receiving dextroamphetamine (n=20). Thematic analysis was conducted using an iterative approach, moving between data collection and analysis to search for patterns in the data across transcripts. This process led to the defining and naming of three central themes responding to the research question. Results: Participants reported a range of stimulant use types, including cocaine (n=8), methamphetamine (n=8), or both (n=4). Three central themes were identified as relating to participants’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the medication: 1) achieving a substitution effect (i.e. extent to which dextroamphetamine provided a substitution for the effect they received from use of illicit stimulants); 2) Reaching a preferred dose (i.e. speed of titration and effect of the dose received); and 3) Ease of medication access (i.e. preference for take home doses (i.e. carries) vs. medication integrated into care at the clinic).Conclusion: In the context of continued investigation of pharmacological treatments for stimulant use disorder, the present study has highlighted how the study of clinical outcomes could be extended to account for factors that contribute to perceptions of effectiveness from the perspective of patients. In practice, elements of treatment delivery (e.g. dosing and dispensation protocols) can be adjusted to allow for various scenarios (e.g. on site vs. take home dosing) by which dextroamphetamine and other pharmacological stimulants could be implemented to provide “effective” treatment for people with a wide range of treatment goals and needs.
Subset-binding: A novel algorithm to detect paired itemsets from heterogeneous data including biological datasets
Authors: Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Mizuguchi Kenji , Ueda Naonori
Published: April 2021

The integration of heterogeneous data to infer latent relationships across them and find the factors in the relationship is a challenging task. In this regard, various machine learning techniques have provided novel insights through data integration. However, concerns remain regarding their application to biological datasets because the latent consensus information across all views is often limited to partial components that do not have a significant impact on the mutual agreement across views. Advocating the idea of “subset-binding,” which focuses on finding inter-related attributes in heterogeneous data according to their co-occurrence, this study developed a novel algorithm to perform subset-binding by extending fuzzy association rule mining techniques. Our method could detect genes related to liver toxicity caused by acetaminophen in a data-driven manner; the results are consistent with those reported in the literature. This technology paves the way for a wide range of applications, including biomarker detection and patient stratification.
First report of natural infestation of Ovomermis sinensis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing fall armyworm Spodoptera sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Kasi Indra , Waiba Kanchhi Maya , Singh Mohinder
Published: April 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda invaded in India at the end of 2018 and has caused severe damage to maize including other crops. Several S. frugiperda naturally parasitized by nematodes were observed in Nauni, Himachal Pradesh, India. The morphological features based on the results of scanning electron microscopy indicated that the nematode belongs to the family Mermithidae. Furthermore, characters discovered that the nematode belongs to Ovomermis sinensis, a known entomoparasitic nematode. Our finding was the first record that S. frugiperda, was naturally parasitized by O. sinensis. The results of this study are of great importance for potential biological control of S. frugiperda by indigenous natural beneficial organisms, i.e., O. sinensis within an integrated pest management system.
Predicting the Performance of Passive Solar Distillation Using Generalized Regression Neural Network
Authors: Sankaran Siva
Published: April 2021

In this study, the performance appraisal of the passive double slope solar distillation (PDSSD) was predicted using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model. The performance estimation of passive solar distillation is a complicated one because of unsteady and uncertain atmospheric conditions. For this purpose, a set of experiments has conducted for seven successive days, and results were compared with the GRNN model. The proposed GRNN consists of five inputs (solar irradiance, ambient temperature, basin temperature, surface water temperature, glass cover temperature) and two outputs (distillate yield and efficiency). Such network architecture was trained and validated with a set of experimental data values. The predicted results of the GRNN model follow a good trend with experimental data. The overall accuracy of the predicted GRNN is 99.58%.
The characterization of turbulent heat and moisture transport during a gust-front event over the Indian peninsula
Authors: Chowdhuri Subharthi , Todekar Kiran , Prabha Thara V
Published: April 2021

The ramifications of gust-front on atmospheric surface layer (ASL) turbulence is a vexing issue, with nearly no information available over the Indian region where such events are not uncommon. Over the Indian peninsula, Chowdhuri et al. (Environ. Fluid Mech. 21(1):263–281, 2021) have shown that, the cold pool associated with the gust-front creates two distinct regimes in ASL turbulence, where the temperature fluctuations display contrasting behavior. To evaluate the corresponding impacts on the moisture fluctuations and turbulent heat and moisture transport, we extend our analysis by using the same field-experimental dataset of Chowdhuri et al. (2021). We discover that, the topology of the turbulent structures which govern the temperature and moisture fluctuations clearly exhibit a regime-wise distinction. In the first regime, the structures in temperature and moisture fluctuations are significantly inclined in the vertical, while demonstrating a self-similarity in their time scales by being related through a power-law distribution. However, in the second regime, the vertical inclination disappears for the temperature structures with hardly any change observed for the moisture. Moreover, the power-law exponents of the turbulent temperature time scales remain sensitive to the regimes, although no such effect is visible in the power-law character of the moisture time scales. Additionally, the dissimilarity in the heat and moisture transport is investigated through a novel polar-quadrant based approach that separates the phases and amplitudes of the flux-transporting motions.
Thrombocytopenia with acute ischemic stroke and bleeding in a patient newly vaccinated with an adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund , Kristensen Søren Risom , Ernstsen Siw Leiknes , Kristensen Claudia Christina Hilt , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: April 2021

We describe the first Danish case of presumed inflammatory and thrombotic response to vaccination with an adenoviral (ChAdOx1) vector based COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222). The case describes a 60-year old woman, who was admitted with intractable abdominal pain seven days after receiving the vaccine. Computer Tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed bilateral adrenal hemorrhages. On the following day she developed a massive right sided ischemic stroke and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) angiography showed occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. The ischemic area was deemed too large to offer reperfusion therapy. During admission, blood tests showed a remarkable drop in platelet counts from 118,000 to 5,000 per µL and a substantial increase in D-dimer. The patient died on the 6th day of hospitalization. Blood test revealed platelet factor 4 (PF-4) reactive antibodies, imitating what is seen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. This may be a novel immune mediated response to the vaccine.
Investigation of Adjustment Problems in Children Receiving Orthodontic Treatment and the Resilience Factor
Authors: SEÇER İsmail , DURNA Nurhan B. , DURNA Doğan
Published: April 2021

Background: In this study, various psychological characteristics affecting psychological maladjustment in children receiving orthodontic treatment were examined. Aim: In this context, the predictive and mediating relationships between emotional reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty, psychological resilience and psychological maladjustment were discussed. Design: The study was conducted with 543 children and adolescents getting orthodontic treatment. Systematic and convenient sampling methods were followed in the selection of the sample. Standardized measurement tools (The Emotional Reactivity Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) and online data collection processes were used in the data collection process. Results and Conclusions: Findings have shown that emotional reactivity and intolerance of uncertainty pose a risk for psychological maladjustment in children and adolescents receiving orthodontic treatment, but psychological resilience has a protective function against this risk. It is considered that these findings may contribute to the expansion of pediatric dentists' perspectives on the secondary outcomes of orthodontic treatment practices.
Factors influencing non-academic achievements of the Bangladeshi students- An online questionnaire based study
Authors: Rabiul Md. , Rahman Md. Hasibur , Toma Maksuda Aktar , Das Pranta
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Non-academic achievements are equally prioritized along with academic achievements throughout the world and similarly in Bangladesh. But there are no literature addressing which factors are influencing student’s non-academic achievements. As a result, this study was conducted in order to find which factors are influencing student’s academic achievements.
Methods

The data for the study was collected through an online google form. The link of the google form was shared through different social networking sites and the responses were completely voluntary. The non-academic achievement score was the response variable of the study which was calculated from the different criterion of the non-academic achievements. Residence, parent’s socio-economic status and encourages or not were inspected as the potential factors influencing non-academic achievements. Regression model was built between response and explanatory variables using backward elimination technique to select which factors are influencing non-academic achievements.
Results

Among the potential factors final model suggests that only father’s education level, parent’s total monthly income and whether parent’s encourage to extra-curricular activities or not were found as responsible factors influencing student’s non-academic achievements.
Conclusion

As the factors- father’s educational status, parent’s monthly total income- are beyond the control so what all the parents can do is to encourage their children to do extra-curricular activities as this may lead to more non-academic achievements in the life of their children. Initiative should be taken to build awareness among the parents so that they can understand the importance of non-academic achievements as well as encouraging their children to do extra-curricular activities.
Pentahydroxy flavonoid isolated from Madhuca indica ameliorated adjuvant-induced arthritis: Possible role of TNF-α, IL’s, NF-kβ, Ikβα, COX-2, P2X7
Authors: Tang Yongliang , Xie Daotao , Gong Wenqing , Wu Hongtao , Qiang Yi
Published: April 2021

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder associated with progressive joint disability. Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel (family Sapotaceae) is an Indian medicinal plant reported to have an array of pharmacological properties.
Objective

To evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of isolated phytoconstituent from methanolic extract of Madhuca indica Leaves (MI-ALC) and its possible mechanism of action in FCA induced experimental arthritis.
Materials and methods

Polyarthritis was induced in female Wistar rats by intradermal administration of FCA (0.1 ml) into the tail. Polyarthritis was allowed to develop for the next 32 days. Then rats were treated with isolated phytoconstituent from MI-ALC (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, p.o.)
Results

HPTLC, FTIR, and LC-MS spectral analysis of phytoconstituent isolated from MI-ALC confirmed the structure as 3,5,7,3′,4′- Pentahydroxy flavone (i.e., QTN). Treatment with QTN (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed significant inhibition (p < 0.05) in FCA-induced increased paw volume, joint diameter, paw withdrawal threshold, and latency. The elevated synovial oxido-nitrosative stress and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly reduced (p < 0.05)by QTN. Western blot analysis revealed QNT significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) up-regulated NF-kβ, Ikβα, COX-2, and P2X7 protein expressions.
Conclusion

QTN ameliorates FCA-induced hyperalgesia via inhibition of elevated oxido-nitrosative stress, inflammatory mediators (NF-kβ, Ikβα, COX-2, and P2X7), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in experimental rats.
Prediction of distant metastatic recurrence by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Goto Wataru , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Ishihara Sae , Morisaki Tamami , Shibutani Masatsune , Tanaka Hiroaki , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast cancer subtypes are known to have different metastatic recurrence sites. Distant metastases are often observed during the post-operative course in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, but are relatively rare in those with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) serve as an index to monitor tumor immune microenvironment and may possibly predict the prognosis and therapeutic effect in breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between TIL density and recurrence site in HR+/HER2- breast cancer.Methods: Four-hundred and seventy-one patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer underwent surgery as the first treatment and received adjuvant endocrine therapy (except adjuvant chemotherapy) at the Osaka City University Hospital from April 2007 to October 2015. Needle biopsy specimens were obtained from all patients to evaluate tumor morphology and examine TILs. Morphological assessment was conducted using conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results: Breast cancer recurrence was observed in 42 patients. In patients with no TIL density, local recurrence was significantly less (p = 0.022), while distant metastases were significantly more (p = 0.015) compared to those in patients with TIL density. Therefore, for the prediction of distant metastases in HR+/HER2- breast cancer without chemotherapy, TILs could be used as predictors in univariate analysis (p = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 0.127), although not as independent factors (p = 0.285, OR = 0.144).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that TILs may predict distant metastatic recurrence in stages I–II of HR+/HER2- breast cancer.
Analysis of accreditation standards for undergraduate medical studies in Serbia through the lens of the National Health Workforce Accounts
Authors: Buljugic Biljana , Milicevic Milena Santric
Published: April 2021

Background Understanding the importance of educational accreditation standards for health workforce policymaking is needed more than ever, given the growth of physicians' shortage, circulation, cross-border care. The World Health Organization National Health Workforce Accounts (WHO-NHWA) for education and training could support medical education accreditation goals. Objective The aim of the study was to show the compliance of the Serbian national accreditation standards for undergraduate medical education with the WHO-NHWA indicators for accreditation of education and training of the health workforce. The study highlights the relevance of education accreditation to health workforce development.Methods Based on a review of the official documents, laws, and regulations for national accreditation of medical studies in Serbia, we described the current accreditation standards of the most prominent faculty of medicine in Serbia, the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade (FMUB), and compared them with the WHO-NHWA indicators on education and training. Results The national accreditation standards partly match the WHO-NHWA indicators for accreditation of education and training. National standards concentrate on education quality while overlooking social determinants of health and social accountability. Over the last nine years, the freshmen enrollment has a downward trend, and the average duration of a six-year undergraduate study of medicine was 7.2 ± 0.4 years.Conclusion Social accountability and social determinants must be priority standards in future accreditation. Health workforce organizations, civil society, and the community should participate in regulatory bodies for accreditation to establish the appropriate basis for socially accountable and interprofessional education. If applied at the institutional, local, and national levels, the WHO-NHWA indicator system can support medical studies' alignment with the strategy/plan of the health care and health workforce development.
A Hybrid Computational Framework for Intelligent Inter- continent SARS-CoV-2 Sub-strains Characterization and Prediction
Authors: Ekpenyong Moses E. , Edoho Mercy , Inyang Udoinyang , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Ekaidem Itemobong S. , Moses Anietie , Emeje Martins , Tatfeng Youtchou , Udo Ifiok , Anwana EnoAbasi , Etim Oboso , Geoffery Joseph , Dan Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Whereas accelerated attention beclouded early stages of the coronavirus spread, knowledge of actual pathogenicity and origin of possible sub-strains remained unclear. By harvesting the Global initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database (https://www.gisaid.org/), between December 2019 and January 15, 2021, a total of 8864 human SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences processed by gender, across 6 continents (88 countries) of the world, Antarctica exempt, were analyzed. We hypothesized that data speaks for itself and can discern true and explainable patterns of the disease. Identical genome diversity and pattern correlates analysis performed using a hybrid of biotechnology and machine learning methods corroborate the emergence of inter- and intra- SARS-CoV-2 sub-strains. Interestingly, some viral sub-strain patterns progressively transformed into new sub-strain clusters indicating varying amino acid and strong nucleotide association derived from same lineage. A novel cognitive approach to knowledge mining from enriched genome datasets and output classification targets, helped intelligent prediction of emerging or new viral sub-strains. Classification results outsmarted state-of-the-art methods and sustained an increase in sub-strains within the various continents with nucleotide mutations dynamically varying between individuals in close association with the virus adaptability to its host/environment. They also offer explanations for the growing concerns and next wave(s) of the virus. Defuzzifying confusable pattern clusters for comparative performance with the proposed cognitive solution is a possible future research direction of this paper.
Under Pressure: High-Pressure Metamorphism in the Alps
Authors: Tajčmanová Lucie , Manzotti Paola , Alvaro Matteo
Published: April 2021

The mechanisms attending the burial of crustal material and its exhumation before and during the Alpine orogeny are controversial. New mechanical models propose local pressure perturbations deviating from lithostatic pressure as a possible mechanism for creating (ultra-)high-pressure rocks in the Alps. These models challenge the assumption that metamorphic pressure can be used as a measure of depth, in this case implying deep subduction of metamorphic rocks beneath the Alpine orogen. We summarize petro-logical, geochronological and structural data to assess two fundamentally distinct mechanisms of forming (ultra-)high-pressure rocks: deep subduction; or anomalous, non-lithostatic pressure variation. Furthermore, we explore mineral-inclusion barometry to assess the relationship between pressure and depth in metamorphic rocks.
Superhydrous Arc Magmas in the Alpine Context
Authors: Müntener Othmar , Ulmer Peter , Blundy Jonathan D.
Published: April 2021

Magmatic rocks in the Alps are scarce. What little arc magmatism there was pre-dates the Eurasia–Adria collision at 43–34 Ma but ends at 30–29 Ma. Conversely, geochemical data for magmatic rocks from the Alps resemble that of subduction-related magmatic arcs. A characteristic of Alpine magmatism is the occurrence of relatively deep (80–100 km) super-hydrous (>8 wt% H2O) low-K primary magmas in the east and shoshonitic K-rich magmas in the west. These features are likely related to the absence of vigorous mantle wedge convection. Superhydrous primary magmas undergo extensive crystallization and fluid saturation at depth, producing high ratios of plutonic to volcanic rocks. We speculate that superhydrous primary arc magmas are a consequence of slow convergence and the initial architecture of subducting crust.
Unconstitutionality of articles 366-1, 368-2 of the criminal code of Ukraine: irony of fate or defects of the legislative process
Authors: Habuda A.S.
Published: April 2021

The fight against corruption in Ukraine is giving rise to new ways of combating this phenomenon, new anti-corruption legislation is often being adopted and improved. Thus, among other things, in 2011 the Ukrainian parliament introduced criminal liability for illegal enrichment, and in 2014 – for declaring questionable information, supplementing the Criminal Code in accordance with Art. 368-2 and Art.366-1. However, despite their long-term duration in the structure of the criminal law mechanism for combating corruption, they have not become effective tools of anti-corruption struggle. Problems of application of Articles 366-1, 368-2 have been admitted from the very moment of their introduction in action as some serious defects in the construction of these norms were placed in the course of legislative process. In the end, based on the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, these articles expired. Given that the purpose of the article is to investigate the process of legislation and to establish the reasons for the adoption of deliberately ineffective rules on the declaration of inaccurate information and illicit enrichment.

The scientific novelty is that the study indicates the inability of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, which includes the Institute of legislation, scientific and expert management, legal management, the department of relations with the judiciary, the control department and other units, to ensure quality at the appropriate level of results of legislative work. These "precautionary institutions" were unable to prevent the development, adoption of imperfect and knowingly unconstitutional laws, as evidenced by examples of the introduction of liability under Articles 366-1, 368-2 of the Criminal Code and the introduction of repeated manipulative changes, after the entry into force.
Legal basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach in the state environmental policy of Ukraine
Authors: Suietnov Ye.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the legal basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, in the state environmental policy of Ukraine.
Based on the analysis of the provisions of the main political and legal acts of environmental direction, both general, first of all – the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030», and focused on the protection and use of certain natural resources, objects and complexes, as well as policy documents from other spheres of public life, it was concluded that all of them directly or indirectly touch on the issues of conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and implementation of the ecosystem approach, which gives reason to speak of a certain tendency towards «ecosystemization» of the state environmental policy of Ukraine, which, according to the author, should be continued and strengthened.
In addition, it is obvious that despite the successes in the legislative consolidation of these issues, it is extremely important to create the conditions for their implementation, and therefore, it is hoped that these documents would not remain declarative, but would be quickly realized in practice.
DFT CALCULATION AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES OF α-LINOLENIC ACID
Authors: Peng Heng , Hou Hua-Yi , Chena Xiang-Bai
Published: April 2021

Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and Raman scattering experiment have been applied to investigate an important essential fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA). The DFT calculation was performed with geometry optimization and harmonic vibration using B3LYP functions with polarized 6-311+G(d,p) basis. The DFT calculated vibrational modes of ALA molecule are in excellent agreement with the Raman experimental results. A complete vibrational modes assignment is provided on the basis of potential energy distribution calculation. In addition, the DFT calculation and Raman experiment indicate that the relative intensity ratio of two characteristic modes at 1660 cm-1 and 1440 cm-1 is correlated with the number of C=C double bond in the acid chain, which may provide a simple and convenient method to differentiate ALA with other types of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the Mulliken atomic charge distribution and frontier molecular orbitals of ALA molecule were calculated.
Complexes with Furyl-Substituted 3-Hydroxychromone: Synthesis, Characterization and Fluorescence Studies
Authors: Camargo Mariana Leticia
Published: April 2021

2-(2-Furyl)-3-hydroxychromone (HL) reacts with MII ions in the formation of quadratic [Cu(L)2] (3), octahedral [M(L)2(OH2)2] (M = Co (1), Ni (2), Zn (4), Mn (5)) and seesaw [M(L)2] (M = Sn (6), Pb (7)) complexes. Recrystallization of complexes 1-3 in presence of pyridine lead to [M(L)2(py)2] (1a-3a) adducts. All compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Complexes 1-7 were analyzed by UV-Vis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. The estimated band gap energies range from 2.90-3.15 eV. The crystal structure of complexes 6 and 7 revealed the influence of the stereochemically active lone pair due to their electronic configuration ns2. An intense fluorescence emission band centered at approximately 600 nm (λexc centered at 340 nm) has been observed for complex 6 in the solid state. In N,N‑dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, complex 6 showed two emission bands (468 and 538 nm) when excited from 300 to 380 nm, and only one emission band (468 nm) when excited from 385 to 420 nm.
Coping with the Reality Situation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Individual Resilience
Authors: Tsaritsentseva O. P. , Elfimova M. M.
Published: April 2021

The current reality situation can be described as atypical and caused significant changes in all areas of human life. COVID-related experiences made people revaluate themselves and reconsider their plans. The research objective was to describe the current reality situation and its effect on resilience. Because of the lock down of March-April 2020, the research was conducted as online testing and involved 131 people (female – 56 %) aged 18–75 years (18–21 years – 39 respondents; 22–35 – 50 respondents; 36–60 – 37 respondents; 61–75 – 5 respondents), of whom 74 people were single and 57 were married. The obtained data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics, while statistical analysis of differences between groups were described based on H-Kraskel-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Fischer Angular Transformation Criterion. The empirical study included S. Maddi's Resilience Test as adapted by D. A. Leontyev and E. I. Rasskazova, as well as the method of Semantic Differential of the Reality Situation developed by O. V. Alexandrova and I. B. Dermanova. The authors analyzed the way the participants coped with the pandemic situation and attributed it to the type of adversities. The pandemic interrupted the continuity of life and interfered with the internal needs, e.g. motives, aspirations, values, etc. Groups with different socio-demographic background showed little difference in the way they coped with the reality situation; however, the differences in the level of resilience were more pronounced. The major difference between the groups was that a high level of resilience appeared to provide positive expectations and made it possible to see it not as critically complex. In some cases, participants with medium and low levels of resilience coped with the current situation better than the rest. The authors see the content of one’s inner work in an adverse situation as a self-organized process of understanding the situation in the context of one’s life path, gaining new meanings, and strengthening one’s resources.
Script System and Black Humor in Plays by M. McDonagh
Authors: Usatova A. S. , Prokhorova L. P.
Published: April 2021

The present paper focuses on intertextuality as a means of black humor in plays by Martin McDonagh, a famous British-Irish playwright. Nine of his plays have been translated into different languages and staged in theatres around the world. However, most theories of comic effect cannot explain the phenomenon of his popularity. This prompted the authors to search for the most accurate and least conditioned way to classify intertext as a means of comic effect in general and black humor in particular. As a result, they chose the semantic theory of humor by V. Raskin and the multidisciplinary general theory of verbal humor developed by V. Raskin and S. Attardo. These theories employ the notions of "script" and "opposition" to examine the linguistic nature of the joke. Using attributed and unattributed intertext inclusions as "signs" or "scripts", the authors analyzed McDonagh’s plays through the prism of this theory. The result was a system of scripts and oppositions that form the chronotope of a long text as opposed to that of a joke. The article also introduces the black humor mechanism in McDonagh's plays: it is based on references to the intertextual thesaurus of the potential reader / theatre audience.
Prospects of International Legal Cooperation of States Under U.N. Auspices in Developing a Treaty on Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Respect to Human Rights
Authors: Ivanov D. , Levina M.
Published: April 2021

The present article is a review of the prospective adoption of a legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations (TNCs) and other business enterprises presently being developed under U.N. auspices, aiming for legal control of TNCs’ business functioning. The necessity for international legal control of their business’ functioning with respect to human rights cannot be underestimated as their influence has grown since striving for dominance in world commodity markets and in leading sectors of the global economy. However, quite a number of scholars question the fact that TNCs are not presently recognized as legal personalities rendering the immediate application of international law principles to their business activities all but practically impossible. At the same time, the majority of so called “soft law” principles developed in the U.N. framework in the past fifty years are nothing more than recommendations to TNCs, thus, emphasizing the urgency of developing a legally binding instrument which primarily governs transnational corporations with respect to human rights. Nevertheless, the prospective adoption of a future treaty, currently being developed by the Open-ended Intergovernmental Working Group on Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises with Respect to Human Rights, does not look highly promising due to a number of fundamental flaws and inconsistencies analyzed below.
Constitutional Legal Framework of Local Government in Russia and South Africa
Authors: Aliev R.
Published: April 2021

The article examines certain issues relating to the constitutional and legal regulation of local self-government in Russia and South Africa in the context of their cooperation within the partnership of the BRICS countries, as well as the constitutional reforms of local self-government carried out in these states. It is noted that, despite the fundamental difference in the historical prerequisites for their implementation, the constitutional and legal approaches to determining the legal nature of local self-government and identifying its status in the general system of public authority in these countries have similar features. This circumstance, according to the author, indicates the potential for a convergence of the systems of legal regulation of these countries and actualizes the need to exchange experience in legal regulation in this area in order to solve similar problems of development of local self-government.
BRICS in International Legal Space: Humanitarian Imperatives of International Security
Authors: Asadov B. , Gavrilenko V. , Nemchenko S.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the examination of the formation of new vectors for international relations development within the global format of cooperation. The establishment and unification of BRICS in the international legal sphere through a wide range of common interests and views of its members towards issues facing the modern world reflect objective tendencies of world development to the formation of amultipolar international relations system and determination of particular large country actors of broad integration and having many dimensions. The authors reveal particular characteristics of the international-legal status of BRICS, which make it possible to have an effective impact on challenges facing the modern world. The legal BRICS status differs crucially from traditional legal approaches to international organizations. Acting as a special subject of world politics, creating more trusted interaction conditions, BRICS focuses its attention on the alternative world order principles within the new model of global relations. Such a format of multilateral cooperation, as well as more trusted and additional mechanisms of international interaction, gives the members an opportunity to demonstrate their geopolitical and geoeconomic world significance, and in addition their demanded humanitarian role, which, as the analysis of the mentioned actor demonstrates, is aimed at forming its own interaction model. The logic of the BRICS agenda extension to the level of an important global management system element demonstrates the goal in the field of action and, accordingly, intensive progress of humanitarian imperatives. For these humanitarian imperatives, the issues of international peacekeeping, security, protection, encouraging human rights and providing stable development are an objective necessity, especially for active demonstration of the members’ viewpoints on the international scene. For understanding the process of the alignment of international security humanitarian imperatives it is necessary to study the existing objective needs in conjunction with each country, member of BRICS.
Correlation Analysis of Knowledge and Education Against the Implementation of Basic Life Support (BHD) in Patients of Cardiac Arrest by Nurses in Emergency Installation and ICU of General Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak
Authors: Maulidah Maulidah , Widasmara Dhelya , Andri Wihastuti Titin
Published: April 2021

Cardiac arrest is a condition where the heart stopped abruptly, and this condition usually occurs in someone who has had heart disease or has never experienced it. In terms of clinical, someone who is experiencing a state of cardiac arrest found no signs of a palpable pulse and other signs of circulation. Efforts in terms of handling cases of the cardiac arrest itself need the role of nurse, one cardiac arrest treatment efforts by nurses are implementing Basic Life Support. The factors that affect the implementation of BHD itself is knowledge and education. The purpose of this research is analizing the correlation between knowledge and education on the implementation of BHD in cardiac arrest patients by nurses in the Emergency Installation and ICU of the General Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak. This study uses a cross-sectional approach with descriptive corelational type. The population in this study are 56 nurses. Sampling technique using total sampling. The result of this study, based on two variables: the knowledge and education have the same p-value that is p=0.000 or α <0.05. It means that there is a correlation between knowledge and education on the implementation of BHD in patients with cardiac arrest in General Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak.
Method for constructing an adaptive suboptimal stationary train traffic controller based on artificial neural networks
Authors: MALAKHOV S. V. , KAPUSTIN M. Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the modern methodology for performing the synthesis of a suboptimal train controller for the purpose of energy saving. The existing methods of optimal traction control have a number of disadvantages, the main one of which is the lack of direct use in the control program of the data obtained during train operation. Mathematical models used to solve the op- timal problem can be used correctly only in the case of sufficient adequacy. Adequacy check is not part of the known methods of optimal control theory. To eliminate this drawback, it is proposed to use the method of optimal (suboptimal) traction calculations based on artificial neural networks. It improves the accuracy of traction calculations, which is especially important in the aspect of considering energy savings, while reducing the need for computing power. When using this method, it is possible not only to achieve results close to the classical Bellman method, but also to train or verify the network using the recorded data. The article discusses the process of creating and training an artificial neural network based on model data to solve the problem of suboptimal control. The train motion modes obtained by Bellman's method were used as reference data for training the neural network. The presented comparative results of the two methods show the applicability of artificial neural networks for solving applied problems of train traction with the possibility of continuous learning, including the use of trip data, which can be directly included in the training or testing set.
On regression approach to forecasting passenger demand in railway transport
Authors: VENEDIKTOV G. L. , KOCHETKOV V. M.
Published: April 2021

Due to the fact that the autocorrelation of time series of passenger demand under normal conditions is, as a rule, practically undeveloped, traditional forecasting methods based on taking into account autocorrelation dependences are not effective enough. The article proposes a direct accounting of the main factor affecting the accuracy of forecasting, namely the factor of seasonal heterogeneity of demand. This accounting is made on the basis of polynomial regression for the time dependence of demand. A specific design example demonstrates the comparative advantages of this approach to assessing the forecast of demand for rail transport.The regression approach is applied to the weekly averaged demand metrics for the time domain, where these metrics are considered known from the sales history. If there is a weekly demand heterogeneity in the forecast zone, an algorithm is proposed to restore such heterogeneity from the initial data.The forecast accuracy based on the proposed method is compared with the results achieved on the basis of the ARIMA model, which reveals, according to preliminary estimates, fairly high accuracy parameters. It is shown on the calculated examples that for the series of demand, which can be considered typical for the sphere of passenger traffic, the regression approach gives the forecast accuracy higher than the ARIMA model. The reasons are considered, due to which, for typical series of passenger demand, the regression approach can be considered as more promising than methods that include taking into account autocorrelation.