bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description and Analysis of the Ocean Component of NOAA’s Operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF)
Authors: Yablonsky Richard M. , Ginis Isaac , Thomas Biju , Tallapragada Vijay , Sheinin Dmitry , Bernardet Ligia
Published: October 2014

The Princeton Ocean Model for Tropical Cyclones (POM-TC), a version of the three-dimensional primitive equation numerical ocean model known as the Princeton Ocean Model, was the ocean component of NOAA’s operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast Model (HWRF) from 2007 to 2013. The coupled HWRF–POM-TC system facilitates accurate tropical cyclone intensity forecasts through proper simulation of the evolving SST field under simulated tropical cyclones. In this study, the 2013 operational version of HWRF is used to analyze the POM-TC ocean temperature response in retrospective HWRF–POM-TC forecasts of Atlantic Hurricanes Earl (2010), Igor (2010), Irene (2011), Isaac (2012), and Leslie (2012) against remotely sensed and in situ SST and subsurface ocean temperature observations. The model generally underestimates the hurricane-induced upper-ocean cooling, particularly far from the storm track, as well as the upwelling and downwelling oscillation in the cold wake, compared with observations. Nonetheless, the timing of the model SST cooling is generally accurate (after accounting for along-track timing errors), and the ocean model’s vertical temperature structure is generally in good agreement with observed temperature profiles from airborne expendable bathythermographs.
Prediction of maternal use of friendship facilitation strategies in middle childhood
Authors: Johnston Carol A. , Fletcher Anne C.
Published: October 2014

We examined child characteristics as predictors of maternal friendship facilitation strategies from third to fifth grades. Results indicated variation in initial levels of friendship facilitation and linear change over time, but no variation in trajectories of change over time. In third grade, African American mothers were less likely to enable proximity to friends and more likely to talk to their children about friendships than were European American mothers. Mothers of children with greater self-efficacy used more of both types of friendship facilitation behaviors. Mothers who perceived children as higher in externalizing were less likely to talk with children in an effort to facilitate friendships. Mothers who perceived children as having more social problems reported talking to their children more.
Young and Gapped? Political Knowledge of Girls and Boys in Europe
Authors: Pereira Mónica Ferrín , Fraile Marta , Rubal Martiño
Published: October 2014

This article aims at exploring the gender gap in levels of political knowledge, with a focus on lower secondary school students in Europe. Using the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2009 (ICCS), we find that boys outperform girls when asked about facts, but girls demonstrate greater knowledge when asked to reason about a particular political matter. Part of the gender gap in political knowledge among adolescents appears to be a function of what is defined as knowledge. We argue for the need to include a greater variety of items to measure political knowledge, including both factual and analytical domains of knowledge.
TOX2 regulates human natural killer cell development by controlling T-BET expression
Authors: Vong Queenie P. , Leung Wai-Hang , Houston Jim , Li Ying , Rooney Barbara , Holladay Martha , Oostendorp Robert A. J. , Leung Wing
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Normal maturation of human NK cells requires the expression of TOX2. TOX2 directly regulates the expression of T-BET during human NK cell development.
An unusual high bifurcation and variable branching of the axillary artery in a Greek male cadaver
Authors: Natsis Konstantinos , Piagkou Maria , Panagiotopoulos Nikitas–Apollon , Apostolidis Stylianos
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The axillary artery presents abnormalities in its origin and course and a variable branching.

Case description

A rare case of axillary artery bifurcation and branching was observed in a 60-years-old European male cadaver of Greek origin. The right axillary artery at the second part was bifurcated into a superficial and a deep brachial artery. The superficial brachial artery anteromedial to the median nerve and lateral to the ulnar nerve gave off the acromio-thoracic artery and two lateral thoracic arteries. The deep brachial artery behind the median nerve, after giving rise to the anterior circumflex humeral artery trifurcated into a branch that coursed distally, the posterior circumflex humeral artery and the subscapular artery. The latter subdivided into the circumflex scapular artery, a muscular branch for the subscapularis and the thoracodorsal artery. The continuation of the deep brachial artery divided laterally into a humeral nutrient artery and medially into a trunk which trifurcated into the profunda brachii artery, a deep muscular branch and a branch to the posterior compartment of the arm. The profunda brachii artery ended as radial and middle collateral arteries.

Discussion and evaluation

Deviations from the normal arterial pattern are of immense significance for anatomists, plastic, cardiovascular and orthopedic surgeons, vascular radiologists and interventional cardiologists.
A genome wide pattern of population structure and admixture in peninsular Malaysia Malays
Authors: Hatin Wan Isa , Nur-Shafawati Ab Rajab , Etemad Ali , Jin Wenfei , Qin Pengfei , Xu Shuhua , Jin Li , Tan Soon-Guan , Limprasert Pornprot , Feisal Merican Amir , Rizman-Idid Mohammed , Zilfalil Bin Alwi ,   The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium
Published: October 2014

Background

The Malays consist of various sub-ethnic groups which are believed to have different ancestral origins based on their migrations centuries ago. The sub-ethnic groups can be divided based on the region they inhabit; the northern (Melayu KedahandMelayu Kelantan), western (Melayu Minang) and southern parts (Melayu BugisandMelayu Jawa) of Peninsular Malaysia. We analyzed 54,794 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were shared by 472 unrelated individuals from 17 populations to determine the genetic structure and distributions of the ancestral genetic components in five Malay sub-ethnic groups namelyMelayu Bugis,Melayu Jawa,Melayu Minang,Melayu Kedah, andMelayu Kelantan. We also have included in the analysis 12 other study populations from Thailand, Indonesia, China, India, Africa andOrang Aslisub-groups in Malay Peninsula, obtained from the Pan Asian SNP Initiative (PASNPI) Consortium and International HapMap project database.

Results

We found evidence of genetic influx from Indians to Malays, more inMelayu KedahandMelayu Kelantanwhich are genetically different from the other Malay sub-ethnic groups, but similar to ThaiPattani. More than 98% of these northern Malays haplotypes could be found in either Indians or Chinese populations, indicating a highly admixture pattern among populations. Nevertheless, the ancestry lines of Malays, Indonesians and Thais were traced back to have shared a common ancestor with the Proto-Malays and Chinese.

Conclusions

These results support genetic admixtures in the Peninsular Malaysia Malay populations and provided valuable information on the enigmatic demographical history as well as shed some insights into the origins of the Malays in the Malay Peninsula.
Photochemical Cleavage of the Axial Group Attached to the Central Carbon Atom of Triazatriangulene
Authors: Yokoyama Soichi , Hirose Takashi , Matsuda Kenji
Published: October 2014

Photocleavage reaction of triazatriangulene (TATA) leuco derivatives bearing axial substituents proceeded quantitatively in polar solvents with quantum yields (Φr) of up to 0.56. The photoreaction can easily be detected by the red color and yellow fluorescence originating from the photogenerated TATA cation. Electron-withdrawing groups on the axial substituent effectively suppress the photoreaction, in a particular case, Φr became less than 0.01.
Phylogenetic Relationships and Genetic Diversity among Orobanche cumana Wallr. and O. cernua L. (Orobanchaceae) Populations in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Pineda-Martos Rocío , Velasco Leonardo , Pujadas-Salvà Antonio J. , Fernández-Martínez José M. , Pérez-Vich Begoña
Published: October 2014

is found in the Iberian Peninsula as an allochthonous species parasitizing exclusively sunflower, in contrast to the closely related species
Stochastic polynomial chaos based algorithm for solving PDEs with random coefficients
Authors: Shalimova Irina A. , Sabelfeld Karl K.
Published: October 2014

A generalization of a polynomial chaos-based algorithm for solving PDEs with random input data
is suggested. The input random field is assumed to be defined by its mean and correlation function.
The method uses the Karhunen–Loève expansion, in its analytical form, for the input random field.
Potentially, however, if desired, the
Karhunen–Loève expansion can be also constructed by a randomized singular value decomposition of the correlation function recently
suggested in our paper [Math. Comput. Simulation 82 (2011), 295–317].
The polynomial chaos expansion is then constructed by
resolving a probabilistic collocation-based system of linear equations. The method is compared against a direct Monte Carlo
method which solves repeatedly many times the PDE for a set of samples of the input random field.
Along with the commonly used statistical characteristics like the mean and variance of the solution,
we were able to calculate more sophisticated functionals like the instant velocity samples and the mean
for Eulerian and Lagrangian velocity fields.
Vibratory Cavitation Erosion With Vibrating and Stationary Specimens
Authors: Meged Y.
Published: October 2014

In the framework of the International Cavitation Erosion Test (ICET), 119 vibratory cavitation erosion tests were performed. Seventy of these tests were with vibrating specimens (VRV), and forty-nine with stationary specimens (VRS). From these tests, twenty tests of each type were chosen for this study. VRV tests are covered by ASTM G32-10, whereas for VRS, no standard has yet been published. This anomaly stems from the difficulties encountered in both testing and evaluating of VRS tests. All forty cavitation erosion–time curves were analyzed by the Transient Response for Erosion (TRE) method. For each curve, all three parameters were determined, namely: time lag (TL), time constant (τ), and the asymptotic value of the mean depth of erosion, mean depth of erosion (MDE) MDEMAX. These parameters were further applied to calculate the scatter of test results as obtained from various specimens tested under identical conditions. This method enables the determination of the absolute and relative scatter values at any time value along the test. Finally, several guidelines are specified for preparation of a future VRS standard.
Schwann Cells and Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma Direct Regenerating Motor Axons Towards Their Original Path
Authors: Rosenberg Allison F. , Isaacman-Beck Jesse , Franzini-Armstrong Clara , Granato Michael
Published: October 2014

After complete nerve transection, a major challenge for regenerating peripheral axons is to traverse the injury site and navigate toward their original trajectory. Denervated Schwann cells distal to the lesion site secrete factors promoting axonal growth and serve as an axonal substrate, yet whether Schwann cells also actively direct axons toward their original trajectory is unclear. Using live-cell imaging in zebrafish, we visualize for the first time how in response to nerve transection distal Schwann cells change morphology as axons fragment, and how Schwann cell morphology reverses once regenerating growth cones have crossed the injury site and have grown along distal Schwann cells outlining the original nerve path. In mutants lacking Schwann cells, regenerating growth cones extend at rates comparable with wild type yet frequently fail to cross the injury site and instead stray along aberrant trajectories. Providing growth-permissive yet Schwann cell-less scaffolds across the injury site was insufficient to direct regenerating growth cones toward the original path, providing compelling evidence that denervated Schwann cells actively direct regenerating axons across the injury site toward their original trajectory. To identify signals that guide regenerating axonsin vivo, we examined mutants lacking the deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) guidance receptor. In thesedccmutants, a significant fraction of regenerating motor axons extended along aberrant trajectories, similar to what we observe in mutants lacking Schwann cells. Thus, Schwann cell anddcc-mediated guidance are critical early during regeneration to direct growth cones across the transection gap and onto their original axonal trajectory.
Archaerhodopsin Voltage Imaging: Synaptic Calcium and BK Channels Stabilize Action Potential Repolarization at theDrosophilaNeuromuscular Junction
Authors: Ford Kevin J. , Davis Graeme W.
Published: October 2014

The strength and dynamics of synaptic transmission are determined, in part, by the presynaptic action potential (AP) waveform at the nerve terminal. The ion channels that shape the synaptic AP waveform remain essentially unknown for all but a few large synapses amenable to electrophysiological interrogation. TheDrosophilaneuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a powerful system for studying synaptic biology, but it is not amenable to presynaptic electrophysiology. Here, we demonstrate that Archaerhodopsin can be used to quantitatively image AP waveforms at theDrosophilaNMJ without disrupting baseline synaptic transmission or neuromuscular development. It is established thatShakermutations cause a dramatic increase in neurotransmitter release, suggesting that Shaker is predominantly responsible for AP repolarization. Here we demonstrate that this effect is caused by a concomitant loss of bothShakerandslowpoke(slo) channel activity because of the low extracellular calcium concentrations (0.2–0.5 mm) used typically to assess synaptic transmission inShaker. In contrast, at physiological extracellular calcium (1.5 mm), the role of Shaker during AP repolarization is limited. We then provide evidence that calcium influx through synaptic CaV2.1 channels and subsequent recruitment of Slo channel activity is important, in concert with Shaker, to ensure proper AP repolarization. Finally, we show that Slo assumes a dominant repolarizing role during repetitive nerve stimulation. During repetitive stimulation, Slo effectively compensates for Shaker channel inactivation, stabilizing AP repolarization and limiting neurotransmitter release. Thus, we have defined an essential role for Slo channels during synaptic AP repolarization and have revised our understanding of Shaker channels at this model synapse.
Dissociable Roles of Right Inferior Frontal Cortex and Anterior Insula in Inhibitory Control: Evidence from Intrinsic and Task-Related Functional Parcellation, Connectivity, and Response Profile Analyses across Multiple Datasets
Authors: Cai Weidong , Ryali Srikanth , Chen Tianwen , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Menon Vinod
Published: October 2014

The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) and the right anterior insula (rAI) have been implicated consistently in inhibitory control, but their differential roles are poorly understood. Here we use multiple quantitative techniques to dissociate the functional organization and roles of the rAI and rIFC. We first conducted a meta-analysis of 70 published inhibitory control studies to generate a commonly activated right fronto-opercular cortex volume of interest (VOI). We then segmented this VOI using two types of features: (1) intrinsic brain activity; and (2) stop-signal task-evoked hemodynamic response profiles. In both cases, segmentation algorithms identified two stable and distinct clusters encompassing the rAI and rIFC. The rAI and rIFC clusters exhibited several distinct functional characteristics. First, the rAI showed stronger intrinsic and task-evoked functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the rIFC had stronger intrinsic and task-evoked functional connectivity with dorsomedial prefrontal and lateral fronto-parietal cortices. Second, the rAI showed greater activation than the rIFC during Unsuccessful, but not Successful, Stop trials, and multivoxel response profiles in the rAI, but not the rIFC, accurately differentiated between Successful and Unsuccessful Stop trials. Third, activation in the rIFC, but not rAI, predicted individual differences in inhibitory control abilities. Crucially, these findings were replicated in two independent cohorts of human participants. Together, our findings provide novel quantitative evidence for the dissociable roles of the rAI and rIFC in inhibitory control. We suggest that the rAI is particularly important for detecting behaviorally salient events, whereas the rIFC is more involved in implementing inhibitory control.
Vertebro-Basilar Junction Aneurysms: A Single Centre Experience and Meta-Analysis of Endovascular Treatments
Authors: Graziano Francesca , Ganau Mario , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Boccardi Edoardo
Published: October 2014

Vascular lesions of the vertebrobasilar junction (VBJ) are challenging in neurosurgical practice, and their gold-standard therapy is still under debate. We describe the operative strategies currently in use for the management of these complex vascular lesions and discuss their rationale in a literature meta-analysis and single centre blinded retrospective study. The single centre study included a review of initial presentation, angiographic features and clinical outcome (with modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores) over a long-term follow-up. In our series, small aneurysms were effectively treated by endosaccular coil embolization, whereas a strategy including flow-diverter devices combined with endosaccular coil embolization was the option of choice in large and giant aneurysms, leading to satisfactory outcomes in most cases. Our Medline review showed that endovascular treatment was chosen in most VBJ cases, whereas the microsurgical option was assigned to only a few cases. Among the endovascular treatments, the most common techniques used for the treatment of VBJ aneurysms were: coiling, stent-assisted coiling and flow diversion. Our study highlights that aneurysm morphology, location and patient-specific angio-architecture are key factors to be considered in the management of VBJ aneurysms. Most case series, including our own, show that parent artery reconstruction using a flow-diverter device is a feasible and successful technique in some cases of giant and complex aneurysms (especially those involving the lower third of the basilar artery) while a “sit back, wait and see” approach may represent the safest and most reasonable option.
Calcified Mass on Brain CT in a Teenager with Refractory Seizures
Authors: Khalatbari Mahmoud Reza , Brunetti Enrico , Shobeiri Elham , Moharamzad Yashar
Published: October 2014

Cerebral echinococcosis is very rare, representing 2% of all cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases. Primary echinococcal cysts of the brain are extremely rare in pediatric patients. We report on a 16-year-old boy referred to our tertiary center with intractable epilepsy for the previous three years despite receiving full doses of three antiepileptic medications. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed a left frontal calcified mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a well-defined spherical mass in the left frontal lobe, slightly hypointense on T1-weighted and heterogeneous hyperintense on T2-weighted images with no contrast enhancement. With a broad differential list in mind, a surgical intervention was planned. During surgery, a primary calcified cerebral echinococcal cyst with severe adhesion to the adjacent dura of the frontal region was discovered and removed intact. Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis. Only phenobarbital was continued and no medical therapy for CE was administered. Two years after surgery, the patient remained free of seizures. In areas endemic for CE, cerebral echinococcal cyst should be included in the differential list of patients with intractable seizures. Though rare, this entity can present itself as a calcified mass on neuroimaging. Surgical removal of the calcified cyst is necessary for control and treatment of the epilepsy.
Agreement between fingertip-capillary and antecubital-venous appetite-related peptides
Authors: Green Benjamin Paul , Gonzalez Javier Thomas , Thomas Kevin , Stevenson Emma , Rumbold Penny Louise Sheena
Published: October 2014

This study examined the agreement between fingertip-capillary and antecubital-venous measures of appetite-related peptides. Simultaneous fingertip-capillary and antecubital-venous blood samples were collected from 19 participants. The samples were obtained at baseline, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following breakfast for the determination of plasma GLP17–36, glucagon, insulin and leptin. Between-day reproducibility of fingertip-capillary-derived estimates was assessed in 18 participants. Deming regression, limits of agreement (LOA) and typical error as a coefficient of variation (CV) were used to quantify agreement (CVa) and reproducibility (CVr). Deming regression revealed no systematic bias for any of the analytes studied, but for insulin there was evidence of a proportional difference at higher concentrations. Measures of GLP17–36 (CVa=24.0%, LOA ±2.5 pg m/l per h), leptin (CVa=9.0%, LOA ×/÷1.19) and glucagon (CVa=21.0%, LOA, ±31.5 pg m/l per h) revealed good agreement between methodological approaches. Fingertip-capillary glucagon was highly reproducible between days (CVr=8.2%). GLP17–36 and leptin demonstrated modest reproducibility (CVr=22.7 and 25.0% respectively). For insulin, agreement (CVa=36.0%, LOA ×/÷1.79) and reproducibility were poor (CVr=36.0%). Collectively, the data demonstrate that fingertip-capillary blood sampling provides a comparable and reproducible alternative to antecubital-venous blood sampling for the quantification of glucagon, and to a lesser extent for GLP17–36 and leptin. Caution should be exercised when utilising fingertip-capillary blood sampling for insulin quantification, and consequently should not be employed interchangeably with antecubital-venous blood sampling.
A Screen for F1 Hybrid Male Rescue Reveals No Major-Effect Hybrid Lethality Loci in theDrosophila melanogasterAutosomal Genome
Authors: Cuykendall Tawny N , Satyaki P , Ji Shuqing , Clay Derek M , Edelman Nathaniel B , Kimchy Alexandra , Li Ling-Hei , Nuzzo Erin A , Parekh Neil , Park Suna , Barbash Daniel A
Published: October 2014

Hybrid sons between Drosophila melanogaster females and D. simulans males die as 3rd instar larvae. Two genes, D. melanogaster Hybrid male rescue (Hmr) on the X chromosome, and D. simulans Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) on chromosome II, interact to cause this lethality. Loss-of-function mutations in either gene suppress lethality, but several pieces of evidence suggest that additional factors are required for hybrid lethality. Here we screen the D. melanogaster autosomal genome by using the Bloomington Stock Center Deficiency kit to search for additional regions that can rescue hybrid male lethality. Our screen is designed to identify putative hybrid incompatibility (HI) genes similar to Hmr and Lhr which, when removed, are dominant suppressors of lethality. After screening 89% of the autosomal genome, we found no regions that rescue males to the adult stage. We did, however, identify several regions that rescue up to 13% of males to the pharate adult stage. This weak rescue suggests the presence of multiple minor-effect HI loci, but we were unable to map these loci to high resolution, presumably because weak rescue can be masked by genetic background effects. We attempted to test one candidate, the dosage compensation gene male specific lethal-3 (msl-3), by using RNA interference with short hairpin microRNA constructs targeted specifically against D. simulans msl-3 but failed to achieve knockdown, in part due to off-target effects. We conclude that the D. melanogaster autosomal genome likely does not contain additional major-effect HI loci. We also show that Hmr is insufficient to fully account for the lethality associated with the D. melanogaster X chromosome, suggesting that additional X-linked genes contribute to hybrid lethality.
Determinação do potencial larvófago de Poecilia reticulata em condições domésticas de controle biológico
Authors: Pereira Boscolli Barbosa , Oliveira Eidis Antônio de
Published: October 2014

Configurada como um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública do mundo, a dengue atinge especialmente países com clima tropical, como o Brasil. O controle biológico por meio da utilização de peixes larvófagos aparece como alternativa para reduzir os índices de infestação do vetor da dengue. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar e descrever condições em que peixes da espécie Poecilia reticulata possam ser utilizados como controladores biológicos de larvas de Aedes aegypti em ambiente doméstico. Para tanto, o potencial larvófago diário (observação direta) de diferentes grupos de P. reticulata foi calculado considerando-se a influência do sexo e do tamanho dos espécimes empregados. Os resultados dos ensaios revelaram que o potencial larvófago de P. reticulata varia com o sexo. Observou-se também que a capacidade controladora do grupo composto apenas por fêmeas foi cerca de duas vezes maior quando comparada à dos machos da espécie.
Óbitos fetais sob o prisma da evitabilidade: análise preliminar de um estudo para o município de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Assis Heloísa Maria de , Siviero Pamila Cristina Lima , Drumond Eliane de Freitas , Machado Carla Jorge
Published: October 2014

Objetivos: Analisar, com base na Lista Brasileira de Causas Evitáveis (LBE), a mortalidade fetal em 2008–2010 em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Foram utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), que traz variáveis da mãe e do feto obtidas das declarações de óbito (DO). Foram utilizadas as variáveis peso do feto e causas básicas do óbito fetal. A base de dados possuía 1.685 óbitos fetais ocorridos em Belo Horizonte de 2008 a 2010. Foram excluídos 316 óbitos que não estavam de acordo com a definição de óbito fetal e, dessa forma, iniciou-se a análise com 1.369 óbitos fetais. Os óbitos fetais foram classificados segundo a LBE excluídos aqueles cujo peso era inferior a 1.500 g. O software estatístico utilizado foi o SPPS versão 12. Resultados: Dos 1.369 óbitos fetais, excluídos aqueles com peso inferior a 1.500 g (n=823), restaram 546 potencialmente evitáveis, dentre os quais houve 339 óbitos fetais que seriam evitáveis (62,1% em 546). Conclusão: A elevada proporção de mortes evitáveis mostra a necessidade de melhoria da assistência pré-natal e ao parto. Houve elevada proporção de mortalidade fetal por causa evitável em fetos de peso de pelo menos 2.500 g que estariam aptos ao nascimento dadas as possibilidades de prevenção existentes.
Prática regular de atividade física: estudo de base populacional no Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Freire Rafael Silveira , Lélis Fernanda Lully de Oliveira , Fonseca Filho José Alair da , Nepomuceno Marcela Oliveira , Silveira Marise Fagundes
Published: October 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática regular de atividade física (PRAF) é fundamental em qualquer idade e tem sido considerada um meio de preservar e melhorar a saúde e a qualidade de vida do ser humano. A inatividade física é um importante fator de risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como diabetes e hipertensão arterial.OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à PRAF em adolescentes, adultos e idosos.MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado no norte do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi adotada amostragem por conglomerados em múltiplos estágios, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário em visitas domiciliares. A PRAF foi avaliada por meio da pergunta "Com que frequência você pratica atividade física?". Aqueles que responderam "sempre" ou "frequentemente" foram considerados ativos. Características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde geral foram avaliadas. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e o modelo de regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto para as variâncias.RESULTADOS: Entre os adolescentes, 45,2% foram considerados ativos. A PRAF entre adolescentes apresentou associação significativa com: menor idade, sexo masculino, aqueles que estavam estudando, que não fumavam e com maiores níveis de qualidade de vida/domínio mental. Entre os adultos, 20,7% foram considerados ativos. A PRAF entre adultos apresentou associação significativa com sexo masculino, maior escolaridade e maior nível de qualidade de vida relacionado aos aspectos mentais. Entre os idosos, 19,1% foram considerados ativos. A PRAF entre idosos apresentou associação significativa com cor de pele autodeclarada branca, maior escolaridade, exercer atividade de trabalho e maior nível qualidade vida (aspecto mental).CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se um decréscimo do nível de atividade física com o aumento da idade cronológica. Recomenda-se a implantação de políticas públicas que estimulem a prática regular de atividade física nos subgrupos populacionais mais afetados pelo sedentarismo: os adultos e os idosos, especialmente as mulheres e os com menor nível socioeconômico.
Formal caregivers of older adults: reflection about their practice
Authors: Batista Marina Picazzio Perez , Barros Juliana de Oliveira , Almeida Maria Helena Morgani de , Mângia Elisabete Ferreira , Lancman Selma
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To understand the job function of caregivers of older adults and contribute to the debate on the consolidation of this professional practice. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES This is a descriptive, qualitative, and exploratory study. Four focal group sessions were performed in 2011 with 11 elderly companions, formal caregivers of older adults in the Programa Acompanhante de Idosos (Program for Caregivers of Older Adults), Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. These sessions, guided by a semi-structured script, were audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Data were analyzed using the Content Analysis technique, Thematic Modality. RESULTS In view of considering the caregivers of older adults as a new category of workers, it was difficult to define their duties. The elderly companions themselves as well as the care receivers, their families, and the professionals that comprised the team were unclear about their duties. The professional practice of these formal caregivers has been built on the basis of constant discussions and negotiations among them and other team members in Programa Acompanhante de Idosos during daily work. This was achieved via a recognition process of their job functions and by setting apart other workers’ exclusive responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS The delimitation of specific job functions for elderly companions is currently one of the greatest challenges faced by these workers to develop and consolidate their professional role as well as improve Programa Acompanhante de Idosos.
Back pain in adults living in quilombola territories of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Luis Rogério Cosme Silva , Assunção Ada Ávila , Lima Eduardo de Paula
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with back pain in adults who live in quilombola territories. METHODS A population-based survey was performed on quilombola communities of Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. The sample (n = 750) was established via a raffle of residences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate sociodemographics and employment characteristics, lifestyle, and health conditions. The outcome was analyzed as a dichotomous variable (Poisson regression). RESULTS The prevalence of back pain was of 39.3%. Age ≥ 30 years and being a smoker were associated with the outcome. The employment status was not related to back pain. CONCLUSIONS The survey identified a high prevalence of back pain in adults. It is suggested to support the restructuring of the local public service in order to outline programs and access to healthy practices, assistance, diagnosis, and treatment of spine problems.
Reliability of beams designed in accordance with Brazilian codes
Authors: Santos D. M. , Stucchi F. R. , Beck A. T.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an investigation on the safety of structural elements submitted to pure bending, produced in reinforced concrete, in steel and steel-concrete composites, and designed according to Brazilian codes NBR8681:2003, NBR6118:2007 and NBR8800:2008. The study allows a comparison of the relative safety of beams produced with these materials and designed using these codes. Comparative studies between the performances of different materials are difficult to find in the published literature. The present study shows that reliability indexes for reinforced concrete beams are satisfactory; however, results for steel beams are below limit values established in international design standards. Reliability indexes found herein for steel-concrete composite beams are intermediate to concrete and steel beams.
Reestrutur ação produtiva e subjetividade: análise interpretativa do significado do desemprego
Authors: Fleig Daniel Gustavo , Pereira Maria Cecília , Grzybovski Denize , Brito Mozar José de
Published: October 2014

Neste trabalho, procurou-se desvendar as representações sociais elaboradas por trabalhadores em torno da perda do emprego. Para tanto, teceram-se algumas considerações sobre o processo de reestruturação produtiva, particularizando as mudanças ocorridas nas relações de trabalho, nas formas de mediação de conflitos e seus impactos na subjetividade humana. A natureza do fenômeno investigado imprimiu uma escolha teórico-metodológica cunhada nos pressupostos da abordagem interpretativa, optando-se, mais especificamente, por se analisar o significado da perda do emprego para os trabalhadores sob a ótica da teoria das representações sociais. Portanto, trata-se de estudo de natureza qualitativa, realizado em amostra de ex-operários de uma multinacional do setor metalúrgico-automobilístico, após sua reestruturação produtiva. As representações apreendidas acerca do desemprego convalidam a importância dessa questão social no desenvolvimento da subjetividade humana, principalmente como fonte de pressão e ameaça à cidadania.
Concepções, práticas e desafios na formação do professor: examinando o caso do ensino superior de Administração no Brasil
Authors: Souza-Silva Jader C. de , Davel Eduardo
Published: October 2014

O principal propósito deste artigo é investigar o processo de formação do professor em Administração no Brasil e, mais particularmente, as concepções, as práticas e os desafios que envolvem tal formação. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, sustenta-se na análise de discurso oriundo de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas junto aos representantes de entidades responsáveis pelo fomento e regulação do ensino superior de Administração no Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam significativa carência de políticas de formação do professor no ensino de Administração no Brasil, tanto por parte do governo quanto por parte das organizações de ensino superior em Administração. No entanto, também verificamos algumas iniciativas fecundas relacionadas à formação do professor em Administração que decorrem de parcerias interinstitucionais. Concepções e práticas da formação do professor convergem ao favorecer uma visão tradicional da aprendizagem como transferência hierárquica do conhecimento explícito. Convergem, também, ao ignorar a dimensão sócio-prática da aprendizagem em ações e programas formalmente institucionalizados.
Praticando o que ensinamos: inovação na oferta do curso de graduação em administração - gestão para inovação e liderança da Unisinos
Authors: Borba Gustavo , Silveira Teniza , Faggion Gilberto
Published: October 2014

As novas experiências na área de educação têm reforçado a importância de uma reavaliação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem nos cursos de graduação. Esta necessidade faz-se ainda mais presente em cursos que necessitam de uma forte vinculação com o mercado, o que ocorre na área de administração. Além disso, percebe-se a importância da identificação de habilidades e competências, as quais são valorizadas pelo mercado de trabalho e podem ser desenvolvidas durante a formação do administrador. Nesse sentido, o trabalho busca apresentar a experiência da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos) na construção de um curso de graduação inovador na área de administração. O processo de definição do curso, bem como as primeiras conclusões sobre a implantação do currículo são descritas no presente texto. Salienta-se que o curso está em sua segunda edição e, devido às características que serão aqui exploradas, é inovador na área de Administração no Brasil.
Feeding the World in 2050
Authors: Bohn Martin
Published: October 2014

This month, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA have teamed up with the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to produce a joint issue under the theme “Feeding the World in 2050.” More than 20 articles were written on various topics addressing the challenges we face in feeding the world, a handful of which appear in this issue of CSA News magazine (for the full presentation, please see ASABE's Resource magazine here: www.asabe.org/publications/resource‐magazine.aspx). In addition to the joint articles, we also are including a profile this issue of the 2014 World Food Prize winner, Sanjaya Rajaram, a Fellow of ASA and CSSA.
Feeding the World: Profile of a World Food Prize Winner
Authors: Schneider Caroline
Published: October 2014

This month, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA have teamed up with the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to produce a joint issue under the theme “Feeding the World in 2050.” More than 20 articles were written on various topics addressing the challenges we face in feeding the world, a handful of which appear in this issue of CSA News magazine (for the full presentation, please see ASABE's Resource magazine here: www.asabe.org/publications/resource‐magazine.aspx). In addition to the joint articles, we also are including a profile this issue of the 2014 World Food Prize winner, Sanjaya Rajaram, a Fellow of ASA and CSSA.
A Long Way to Go
Authors: Schueller John
Published: October 2014

This month, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA have teamed up with the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to produce a joint issue under the theme “Feeding the World in 2050.” More than 20 articles were written on various topics addressing the challenges we face in feeding the world, a handful of which appear in this issue of CSA News magazine (for the full presentation, please see ASABE's Resource magazine here: www.asabe.org/publications/resource‐magazine.aspx). In addition to the joint articles, we also are including a profile this issue of the 2014 World Food Prize winner, Sanjaya Rajaram, a Fellow of ASA and CSSA.
Experimental study of the impacts of external disturbances on N2O emission from water to air
Authors: Hu Bo , He Shan , Zhao Jianqiang , Chen Ying
Published: October 2014

To obtain a comprehensive understanding of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from water to air, the impacts of external disturbances including wind, stirring and aeration on N2O emissions were investigated by continuously monitoring N2O concentration variations in water. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient of N2O from water to air (KLaN2O) under different conditions was determined by using exponential regression to fit the monitoring data. The results showed that KLaN2O was 0.0017 min–1 at the stable condition, and with the increase of wind velocity, stirring velocity and aeration rate, the diffusion of N2O from water to air was enhanced. It was also observed that KLaN2O linearly increased with the increase of wind velocity and aeration rate, and exponentially increased with the increase of stirring velocity. The sequencing of the impacts of the three factors on N2O emission was aeration > stirring > wind. As turbulence and the mixing intensity of the liquid phase under the aeration condition were more vigorous than those of the wind and the stirring, the impact of aeration on N2O emission was greater than those of wind and stirring. When predicting N2O emissions from water to air, external disturbances, either environmental factors or operational factors, should be taken into consideration.
Seasonal and influent characteristic effects on hydrogen sulfide generation at a water reclamation plant
Authors: Zhang Yanming , Moschandreas Demetrios , Pagilla Krishna
Published: October 2014

Correlations between sulfide generation and seasonal influent wastewater characteristics were identified based on a long-term monitoring program in summer and winter at a water reclamation plant. During summer, the emission rates of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the liquid treatment processes increased substantially compared to those during winter due to the increased wastewater temperature. The open tanks/clarifiers were the least significant H2S emission contributors throughout the year. For solids-handling processes, the H2S emission rates did not change during the year due to similar sludge characteristics in the different seasons. The fate of sulfide in liquid treatment processes was investigated as an alternative to estimation of H2S emissions. H2S emission from the wet well and screens was proven to be robustly associated with the wastewater temperature, flow rate, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and total Kjeldahl nitrogen levels. However, the correlation between influent parameters and H2S emission from aerated grit chambers was not statistically significant.
Removal of Zn(II) from simulated wastewater using an algal biofilm
Authors: Liu Cuixia , Hu Zhiquan , Zuo Jiaolan , Hu Mian , Xiao Bo
Published: October 2014

An algal biofilm was employed as a novel kind of adsorbing material to remove Zn(II) from simulated wastewater. The algal biofilm system formed by Oedogonium sp. was operated in a dynamic mode for a period of 14 days with an initial Zn(II) concentration of 10 mg/L. The average effluent Zn(II) concentration was 0.247 mg/L and the average removal efficiency reached 97.7%. The effects of Zn(II) on key algal physiological and biochemical indices such as chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase and superoxide dismutase activity, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and soluble protein levels were studied. Our results showed that the algal biofilm could adapt to the simulated wastewater containing Zn(II). Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of algal biofilm revealed the presence of carboxyl, amino, and sulphonate groups, which were the main functional groups of EPS and proteins, and these were likely responsible for biosorption of the Zn(II) ions.
The influence of the passive evaporative cooling vest on a chemical industry workers and physiological strain level in hot conditions
Authors: Karkalic Radovan , Jovanovic Dalibor , Radakovic Sonja , Rajic Dusan , Petrovic Biljana , Ivankovic Negovan , Senic Zeljko
Published: October 2014

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate efficiency of a personal
body cooling system based on passive evaporative technologies and its effects
on test subjects psycho-physiological suitability during exertional heat
stress in hot environment. Performed results are based on conducted tests in
climatic chamber in the Military Medical Academy Institute of Hygiene in
Belgrade. Ten male test subjects were subjected to exertional heat stress
test consisted of walking on motorized treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h in hot
environment. Tests were performed with and without cooling system. As a
physiological strain indicator the following parameters have been determined:
mean skin temperature, tympanic temperature, heart rate and sweat rate.
Results confirmed that cooling vest worn over the clothes was able to
attenuate the physiological strain levels during exercise, when compared to
identical exposure without the cooling system.
A Personal Review on 40 Years at the Kantonales Labor Zurich: Success – Failure – Conclusions
Authors: Grob Koni
Published: October 2014

My career at the Kantonales Labor Zürich (KLZH) started with the introduction of capillary gas chromatography (GC) and took me through an ideal curriculum: first the elaboration of a solid technical background, then a broad range of applications covering all stages from the development
of smart and solid methods, understanding the background of a matter and searching for solutions and risk assessment, lobbying to get solutions implemented, sometimes even writing legislation. Selected milestones are described with how the subject came up, what we did and a critical review
of the success we had. This gave ample opportunity to think about consumer protection, efficiency in control and performance of authorities. It was a highly motivating job, but sometimes also frustrating because of the weak position of the authorities in defending public interests against
big industry. Authorities should be respected, which primarily means competence, strict implementation of relevant rules and insistence if necessary. Often this has little to do with the number or samples analyzed – on the contrary: high sample throughput often prevents us going into
depth. In all, what the food safety authorities are capable of implementing is far from that promised to the consumers by legislation.
Prenyl Ethers: Novel Fungal Volatiles Formed by Penicillium digitatum
Authors: Amrein Thomas M. , Frey Peter , Meier Roberto , Baumann Heidi , Tanner Miriam , Gassenmeier Klaus F.
Published: October 2014

Prenyl ethyl ether (PEE) was previously described as the cause for a solvent-like off-note in ground hazelnuts, but its origin remained unclear. Investigations were carried out by analytical groups of Coop and Givaudan over four years to elucidate this phenomenon. From mouldy citrus
fruits a strain of Penicillium digitatum was isolated and found to form PEE. Formation on citrus and other fruits was prominent and contributed to the particular smell of decayed fruits. Several strains of P. digitatum formed PEE, while other fungal species did not. In contrast
to citrus fruit, prenyl methyl ether (PME) was formed as dominant prenyl ether on hazelnuts while only small amounts of PEE were found. PME has not been previously described as volatile metabolite of fungi or as a food-taint. Spiking experiments with deuterated ethanol showed that the ethyl
group is likely incorporated into PEE via the aldehyde form. On hazelnuts strongly decayed by P. digitatum yet another prenyl ether was tentatively identified: Prenyl isopropyl ether. Prenyl ethers present a novel group of volatile metabolites of P. digitatum. They are
likely typical for this species and have not been described before. Prenyl ethers seem to play a significant role in the smell of food decayed by P. digitatum and should be considered in cases of off-notes and taints.
Use of Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) Determination (18O/16O) to Assess the Local Origin of Fish and Asparagus in Western Switzerland
Authors: Rossier Joël S. , Maury Valérie , De Voogd Blaise , Pfammatter Elmar
Published: October 2014

Here we present the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for the detection of mislabelling of food produced in Switzerland. The system is based on the analysis of the oxygen isotope distribution in water (?18O). Depending on the location on the earth, lake
or groundwater has a specific isotopic distribution, which can serve as a fingerprint in order to verify whether a product has grown by means of the corresponding water. This report presents specifically the IRMS technique and the results obtained in the origin detection of fish grown in selected
Swiss lakes as well as asparagus grown in Valais ground. Strengths and limitations of the method are presented for both cited products; on one hand, the technique is relatively universal for any product which contains significant water but on the other hand, it necessitates a rather heavy
workload to build up a database of water ?18O values of products of different origins. This analytical tool is part of the concept of combating fraud currently in use in Switzerland.