bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NMR characterization and free radical scavenging activity of pheophytin ‘A’ from the leaves of Dissotis rotundifolia
Authors: Friday C. , UchennaIgwe O. , C. Akwada U.
Published: May 2021

Dissotis rotundifolia is used traditionally in various parts of Africa for the treatment of various ailments. The air dried and pulverized leaves of Dissotis rotundifolia was extracted with distilled n-hexane and ethylacetate, using Soxhlet apparatus. Isolation and purification were carried out using column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. Fraction B14 gave a single spot on thin layer chromatography with a retention factor (Rf) value of 0.57. Characterization of B14 was doneusing 1H-NMR, 13C-DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and by direct comparison with literature values and pheophytin A was proposed as the structure of the compound. Pheophytin A exhibited a free radical scavenging activity of 10.10±0.05 and 19.51±0.02% at minimum and maximum concentrations of 1.00 and 4.00 mg/mL, respectively. The acclaimed ethnomedicinal uses of D. rotundifolia by the African natives could be linked to the presence of pheophytin A and other phytoconstituents in the plant. This is the first report of the isolation of pheophytin A from D. rotundifolia.

                   

KEY WORDS: Dissotis rotundifolia, Pheophytin A, Chromatographic techniques, Free radicals, NMR

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 207-215.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.18
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) Schiff base adducts of some p-substituted aniline Schiff bases
Authors: O. Sobola A. , M. Watkins G. , O. Shaibu R. , Adewuyi S. , A. Amolegbe S.
Published: May 2021

The synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Cu(II) complexes of some p-substituted aniline Schiff base ligands have been carried out. The Schiff bases were obtained from salicylaldehyde and o-vanillin. The Cu(II) complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, infrared and electronic spectral data. The complexes were obtained either as metal chelates [Cu(L)2] or Schiff base adducts (CuCl2.2LH).xH2O. The metal chelates were non-electrolytes while the Schiff base adducts exhibited 1:1 or 2:1 electrolytes in methanol. The Cu(II) complexes exhibited slight antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC® 8739™*, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC® 6538™*, Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii ATCC® 6633™* and Candida albicans ATCC® 2091™*. The complexes exhibited significant antifungal activity.

                   

KEY WORDS: Metal Chelates, Schiff bases, Adducts, Cu(II) complexes, Salicylaldimines

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 33-42.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.3
Solid-state synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of modified smectites using natural clays from Burkina Faso
Authors: Garikoé I. , Sorgho B. , Guel B. , Persson I.
Published: May 2021

Solid-state intercalation was applied to prepare organo-smectites using cationic surfactants and natural clays containing smectite at various surfactant/smectite ratios. The surfactants enter the interlayers of smectites causing a swelling of the clays. The used clays were collected in Siétougou and Diabari villages located in the eastern part of Burkina Faso. The solid-state intercalation was successful for all four surfactants applied, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, (n-C12H25(CH3)3NBr), n-tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, (n-C14H29(CH3)3NBr), n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (n-C16H33(CH3)3NBr) and di-n-dodecyldimethyl­ammonium bromide ((n-C12H25)2(CH3)2NBr) at different levels of the cation exchange capacity (CEC). The synthesized organo-smectites were characterized regarding relative density, structural and textural properties. XRPD data showed a systematic increase of the basal spacing of the unit cell of the smectite up to >38 Å at 2.0-CEC loading of the surfactant. This increase indicates that the surfactants penetrated into the smectite interlayers with the surfactants being arranged parallel to the layers at low concentrations and almost perpendicular at high ones. FTIR spectra of the organo-smectites showed a decrease in the intensities of the water bands at around 1630 cm-1 and 3400 cm-1, and new specific bands close to 2920 cm-1 and 2850 cm-1 were assigned to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching of CH2 groups of the surfactants, respectively.

                   

KEY WORDS: Smectite, Organo-smectite, Surfactant, Intercalation

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 43-59.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.4
Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial screening of metal(II) mixed diclofenac and acetaminophen complexes
Authors: A. Obaleye J. , A. Aliyu A. , O. Rajee A. , E. Bello K.
Published: May 2021

Mixed ligand complexes derived from diclofenac potassium salt (Kdc) and acetaminophen (ace) has been synthesized and proposed to have a general formula [MB] where M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+and B = (ace)(dc)(H2O)2 except for Mn2+ complex which exists as [Mn(ace)(dc)OH2]. The complexes were characterized by solubility, melting point, conductivity, elemental analyses, UV-Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) study and magnetic susceptibility measurement. Electronic absorption spectra data are characteristic of octahedral structures for [MB]. The IR spectra revealed a bidentate coordination mode. In acetaminophen, the nitrogen and carbonyl-O atoms of the amide group were involved while the carboxylate oxygen atoms of potassium diclofenac were used; typical of a carboxylic acid derivative. The compounds were screened for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of albumin denaturation assay and antimicrobial activity against bacteria strains: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthrax, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and a fungus Aspergillus niger. Some of the tested compounds showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the standard drug diclofenac potassium salt. The in-vitro antimicrobial screening revealed an increased activity of the complexes against the bacteria isolates compared to the free ligands.

                   

KEY WORDS: Metal(II) ion, NSAIDs, Anti-inflammatory activity, Diclofenac potassium salt, XRPD, Antimicrobial activity

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(1), 77-86.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.6
Determinants of Participation in Farmers Training Centre Based Extension Training in Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Abera
Published: May 2021

The study assessed the determinants of farmers’ participation in farmers training center based trainings and its outcome on maize, haricot bean and coffee productivity. Data were collected from randomly selected 194 households. Outcomes of the FTC based training on maize, haricot bean and coffee productivity was analyzed using t-test whereas binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors determining farmers’ participation in FTC based training. The result showed that education, land size, contact with development agent, access to road, wealth status and livestock holding of the household positively determine households’ decision to participate whereas distance from FTC negatively determines households’ decision to participate. There was positive outcome of the FTC basedtraining on maize, haricot bean and coffee productivity. The study recommends that governmental, public and private sectors should expand access to education, access to road and strength linkage between famers and agricultural development agents.

Keywords: Farmers training centers, crop productivity
Prevalência e motivos das dispensas das aulas de Educação Física no Ensino Médio
Authors: Häfele Mariana Silva , Tavares Francisco José Pereira
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a prevalência e os motivos relativos às dispensas das aulas de Educação Física no ensino médio na rede pública de ensino da cidade de Morro Redondo-RS. O mesmo foi caracterizado como descritivo, de cunho exploratório, fazendo contribuições de abordagens tanto quantitativas quanto qualitativas. Todos os sujeitos dispensados, num total de dezesseis, de ambos os sexos, participaram do estudo respondendo um questionário. Os resultados obtidos permitem inferir que os pedidos de dispensa das aulas de Educação Física ocorrem em sua maioria por motivos relacionados acerca da jornada de trabalho.
As brincadeiras e as possibilidades de protagonismo da Educação Física na Educação Infantil
Authors: Felipe Dionny , Jesus Edvan Santos de , Pires Flávio Pereira , Abreu José Roberto Gonçalves de
Published: May 2021

Esta pesquisa é resultado das reflexões e estudos desenvolvidos no curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da Faculdade Vale do Cricaré dentro do Núcleo de Pesquisas em Educação Física e Saúde. Apresenta-se aqui o papel das brincadeiras na Educação Infantil destacando algumas orientações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Infantil (DCNEI) e da Base Nacional Curricular (BNCC) sobre sua importância para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, motor, afetivo, social e cultural das crianças. Defende-se o protagonismo da Educação Física na Educação Infantil justamente a partir das brincadeiras, entendendo que o papel do professor da área deve ser daquele que propõe, instiga e estimula o desenvolvimento do ensino aprendizagem a partir do brincar, numa ação integrada entre os componentes curriculares e as áreas de conhecimento. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando-se de livros, artigos científicos, dissertações de mestrado e trabalhos de conclusão de curso como fonte de pesquisa, ressalta-se o uso das brincadeiras como principal conteúdo e método de ensino para a Educação Física na Educação Infantil e mais, como possibilidade de assunção da mesma a um papel de protagonismo na etapa de ensino, tendo esta pesquisa como objetivo geral: compreender a importância das brincadeiras na Educação Infantil, destacando as possibilidades trazidas pelas mesmas no que tange ao reconhecimento do protagonismo da Educação Física Escolar na etapa de ensino.
PILGRIMAGE TOURISM: PROMISING DIRECTIONS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Abdupattaxov Jaxongir
Published: May 2021

В данной научной статье рассматриваются предложения по продвижению специфического вида нищегого туризма – “паломнического туризма”.  В ней освещаются проблемы, препятствующие продвижению этого особого вида туризма на территории Узбекистан.  Исходя из принятых  постановлений и указов, в частности, Указа Президента Республики Узбекистан от 9 февраля 2021 года за номером №УП-6165 “О мерах по дальнейшему развитию внутреннего и паломнического туризма в Республике Узбекистан”, направленных на совершенствование духовно-нравственной, социальной и экономической жизни республики, предлагаются пути разрешения накопившихся проблем, подробным образом излагается суть решений на основе обоснованных фактов.

  Предлагается принять на разработку два направления туризма, преуспевшие стать всеобъемлющей и прибыльной отраслью туризма в развитых странах мира.

  Эти два направления туризма отличаются от других направлений туризма своими особенностями и специфичностью. Наличие четкого представления об этих качествах сыграет важную роль в разработке отраслевых планов и программ, от реализация которых зависит будущее этой отрасли туризма. Автор рассматривает насущные проблемы халяльного туризма наряду с имеющимися в этой сфере потенциальными возможностями: речь идет о проблемах и предложениях, которые ожидают своего окончательного разрешения.

В статье анализируется  сформировавшееся в исламском мире  несколько типов туризма-паломничества, специфические условия которых определены в Коране. Перечислеются  пять основополагающих принципов паломничества.

Автор считает, что абсолютное претворение в сфере паломнического туризма этих  принципов  является тем самым краеугольным камнем в достижении намеченных целей в развитии паломнического туризма. Исходя из этого, автор перечислияет шесть  основных  работ, необходимых учитывать при организации паломнического туризма. В том числе, указывается необходимость внедрение основополагающих четырёх исламских предприсаний при разработке  халяльной пищевой индустрии. Исключение из пищи запрещенных в Коране плоти животных и птиц, а также алкогольных, спиртосодержащих и энергетических напитков. Предлагается в статье установить контроль за полным исполнением требований международных стандартов халяльной пищевой индустрии и её соответствие знак-качеству (OIC/SMIIC 9:2019 Нalal tourism services-General requirements). 

Учитывая специфику паломничества, автор предлагает продвижение паломнического туризма по двум направлениям.

Рассмотрение и реализация  предложенных решений, выдвинутых на пути ускоренного развития паломнического туризма, даст свои результаты в ближайшие дни.
R-TIK Digital Transformation Towards Indonesia Information Society
Authors:   University of Al Azhar Indonesia & Jl. Sisingamangaraja No. 2, Selong, Kebayoran Baru District, South Jakarta – Jakarta, Indonesia, Sunuantari Manik
Published: May 2021

As a developing country, Indonesians are still constrained by the use of digital-based technology. Based on the characteristics of geographic areas, digital discrepancy becomes an inevitable problem. So that in order to create an Information Society according to the agreement of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), collaboration between various parties is needed. One of the efforts made by the Indonesian government is to encourage the formation of the Information Society through the policy of forming Information and Communication Technology Volunteers (in Indonesia known as R-TIK/Indonesia ICT Volunteers) in various regions spread throughout Indonesia. This study aims to determine the activities of R-TIK in realizing the Information Society in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive qualitative, by conducting in-depth observations and participant observation with R-TIK activists, stakeholders, business actors (UMKM/SMMEs), and the community as R-TIK partners. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that R-TIK is able to encourage public awareness in the sustainable use of digital technology. Even R-TIK together with UMKM (SMMEs) have been able to push the rate of economic growth in Indonesia by utilizing digital technology under the name Qren.
KARIR EFEKTIF DALAM ORGANISASI SELULER
Authors: Wening Nur
Published: May 2021

The effectiveness in career management will certainly enhance a greater appropriateness between personnel and functions they are in charge of which ultimately results in developing their competence and placing the right persons in key positions. In traditional approach, promotion should be started from specific functions to higher ranks; in other words, an employee could only develop his career step by step. A recent development in career management to cope with the growth of the organization is the concept of a cellular organization consisting of independent groups or autonomous business units showing their independent existence and interacting one another to from a bigger organism. Career in such organization is known as protean career the aim or which is not just for promotion and improvement in salaries but also in psychological successes. This article tries to discuss how far van protean career be implemented in cellular organizations.
KOMPETISI INTI SEBAGAI FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN PEKERJA INFORMAL PEREMPUAN DALAM PEROLEHAN NILAI TAMBAH USAHA
Authors: Retnaningdiah Dian
Published: May 2021

This study is want to know the effect of creativity and innovation as of the female informal sector worker’s quality. The survey methode has been in this research. The sample number used is 35 respondents from the small medium entrepreneurs with the purposive random sampling technique. The data analysis used reliability and validity for measuring the questionares. The regresion analysis is used as well. By using 5% level of significant, the result show that in partially and simultaneously both creativity both creativity and innovation are the factors affecting the female informal sector workee’s quality.
PENGARUH INOVASI PRODUK KREATIF KASONGAN YOGYAKARTA MENEMBUS PASAR INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Rusli Wendri
Published: May 2021

This paper tries to investigate the role of art the creative process in the creative industry entrepreneurs using a qulitative approach. The sample were 34 entrepreneurs from taracotta industries. The investigation reveald that art were very helpful for the creative industry entrepreneurs to creation of new ideas. The skill in the art also has many advantages. The creative process consist of many stages and the role of enretion is very significant and sensitivity can be trained by education. The reference seeking important to sensitivity and internet is very important source in the process.
Pengaruh Keamanan Konsumen dan Kualitas Informasi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Produk Fashion di Shopee dengan Kepercayaan sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Salsabiila Embun , Fadhilah Muinah , Cahyani Putri Dwi
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to determine the effect of consumer safety and information quality on purchasing decisions through trust in fashion products in shopee. The location of this research is in Yogyakarta. The population of this research is shopee users in Yogyakarta. A sample of 100 respondents was taken using the accidential sampling technique. The data collection method used a questionnaire. The analysis used is multiple linear analysis with the results of the study showing that consumer security has a significant effect on trust, information quality has a significant effect on trust, consumer security has no significant effect on purchasing decisions, information quality has no significant effect on purchasing decisions, trust has a significant effect on consumer confidence. Security can explain the indirect relationship between consumer security and information quality with purchasing decisions.
PENGARUH PERCEIVED SECURITY DAN INFORMATION QUALITY TERHADAP ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION MELALUI TRUST (Study Kasus Pada Konsumen Sorabel di Yogyakarta)
Authors: Udayana IBN , Cahyani Putri Dwi , Chotimah Desti Nur
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to test and find out and determine the effect of perceived security and information quality on online purchase intention through trust in a reliable online store. The effect of perceived security on trust in Sorabel, the effect of information quality on trust in sorabel, the effect of perceived security on online purchase intention, the effect of information quality on online purchase intention and the influence of trust on online purchase intention. This research is quantitative. The population is Sorabel consumers in Yogyakartas. Samples were taken using a probality sampling technique with a total questionnaire of 100 respondents. Primary data collection techniques using questionnaires. The method of data analysis using multiple linear regression previously conducted a classic assumption test consisting of normality test, heteroxidation test and multicolonierity test. The results showed that there was a positive effect on perceived security, a positive influence on information quality, a positive influence on trust and online purchase intention. Significant positive effect of perceived security on trust; significant positive effect of information quality on trust; significant positive effect of perceived security on online purchase intention; significant positive effect of trust on online purchase intention.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPIRITUAL COMPANY IN IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN TAMAN BATIK TERANG BULAN GROUP YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Pahlevi Reza Widhar
Published: May 2021

Good Corporate Governance is very closely discussed with spirituality that is based on religious teachings. Companies that pay attention to the spiritual aspects of doing business can be developed into a sustainable company. Companies that pay attention to the spiritual aspects of running a business, can develop into a sustainable company. Companies that are included in the category of spiritual companies make Good Corporate Governance (GCG) as a guideline and company value (company value) which is always upheld and practiced in daily business activities.

This study aims to describe the implementation of spiritual company on the principles of good corporate governance in the Taman Batik Terang Bulan Group in Yogyakarta. The method used to determine informants is purposive sampling. In this qualitative research data collection using interviews, documentation and observation. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of the principles of good corporate governance in the Taman Batik Terang Bulan is quite good. This is proven by spiritual values in business activities. However, there is a need to improve understanding of the financial system and basic terms in financial accounting and the need for clear standards from companies in financial records and companies must be able to internalize and synergize basic GCG guidelines such as transparency, responsibility, accountability, independence, and fairness to stakeholders.
DISCLOSURE DARI PERSPEKTIF PERUSAHAAN DAN PENGGUNA, MUNGKINKAH MENCAPAI EKUILIBRIUM ?
Authors: Puspitasari Evita
Published: May 2021

There are so much information available in security markets provided by many sources. These information then are used by many users for decision making. Disclosure is one of thoose containing more complete and more detail information a specific company.

Inpresenting disclosure, company is facing trading off: how to present appropriate disclosure without eliminating users’ rights and preventing competitors in gainig private information.

By collecting and analyzing disclosure from articles and researches, most from Accounting Review and Journal of Accounting. I found company will consider both costs and benefits in deciding which disclosure will be presented. Distrubing effect, the use of private information by potential competitors, is one of the company considerations. I concluded, since there always be the third party, equilibrilium disclosure will never be reached.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA PERUSAHAAN PRODUK BERAS ROSITA DI KEDIRI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Rujianto Anto
Published: May 2021

In formulating its business strategy, the company must be clear and the selected strategy must be in accordance with the vision, mission, competence and excellence which are owned by the company. The analytical tool used to evaluate express and measure events or trends that occur outside the company is a matrix evaluation of external factors (EFE) which generates opportunities and threats, in an organization, so that it can formulate strategies to take advantage of opportunities and avoid or mitigate the impact of threats. To analyze the competition, the company carried out five forces model of competition. While the internal factor evaluation matrix (IFE) is used to evaluate, express and measure events or trends that occur inside the company such as the strengths and weaknesses of the company; then it carried out a SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) which is a series combination of external analysis and internal analysis, thus allowing known about alternatives to the strategy obtained.

Based on the analysis results which are conducted by using Michael Porter's model of five powers, it indicated that the rice supply in Kediri industry is still attractive. It is characterized by the value of interest based on the analysis of competition in the industry in the high category, the Rice Products Company “Rosita” have to constantly do a competition to gain market position with efforts to give priority to quality competition, product and price to improve service or satisfaction guarantee. Given the area known as the East Java area of ​​a large agricultural producer; it is a great opportunity in obtaining these benefits, it must be addressed by the businesses by formulating and implementing a reliable strategy in an effort to win the competition
DETERMINAN NILAI PELANGGAN & IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DI BANK SYARIAH WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Wihasto Hanan
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of Marketing Communications on Customer Value. To know and analyze the influence of product quality on Customer Value. To know and analyze the influence of Distribution Channels for Customer Value. To know and analyze the effect of Marketing Communications, Product Quality and Distribution Channels together on Customer Value. To know and analyze the impact of the Consumer LoyaltyMarketing Communications. To know and analyze the influence of product quality on Consumer Loyalty. To know and analyze the influence of Distribution Channels for Consumer Loyalty. To know and analyze the effect on the Customer Value Customer Loyalty. To know and analyze the effect of Marketing Communications, Product Quality, Distribution Channels andCustomer Value jointly against Consumer Loyalty. The method used is survey method descriptive and explanatory survey with asample size of 435 respondents, as well as data analysis method used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with LISREL 8.80.

Based on the results of the study, then obtained the following findings: Marketing Communications positive and significant impact on Customer Value. Product quality and significant positive effect on Customer Value. Distribution Channels positive and significant impact on Customer Value. Marketing Communication, Product Quality and Distribution Channels simultaneously positive and significant impact on Customer Value. Partially Marketing Communications dominant contribution in influencing the Customer Value. Marketing Communications positive and significant impact on consumer loyalty. Product quality and significant positive effect on consumer loyalty. Distribution Channels positive and significant impact on consumer loyalty. Customer Value positive and significant impact on consumer loyalty. Marketing Communication, Product Quality, Distribution Channels and Customer Value simultaneously positive and significant impact on consumer loyalty. Partially Marketing Communications dominant contribution in influencing consumer loyalty.
PENGARUH RISIKO KREDIT, RISIKO PASAR DAN RISIKO LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN (Studi pada Bank Umum Konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018)
Authors: Desiko Natalia
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of credit risk on the financial performance of banks, the effect of market risk on bank financial performance, the effect of liquidity risk on bank financial performanc. The research method used in this is a quantitative method. The population observed in this study was all conventional cemmercial banks listed on the idx for the period 2015 to 2018. The population in this study was 42 banking companies sampling techniques with a total sample of 56. The type of data used is secondary data. The results showed that Credit Risk (NPL) no significant positive effect on finanial performance (ROA), Market Risk (NIM) has a significant positive effect on bank financial performance (ROA). Liquidity Risk (LDR) has a significant positive effect on bank financial performance (ROA). Credit risk (NPL), market risk (NIM) and liquidity risk (LDR) have different effects. Because seen by the t test, where there are variables that cannot be seen.
Harga: Balutan Tradisi
Authors: Rachmi Nur Habbibah
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to reveal the meaning of prices implemented through the tradition of the Gresik community. This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, data collected through interviews and informant observation. The results of the study found three meanings of prices, the first price as an effort to establish faith, the second price as a form of togetherness, the third price is not material. The existence of cultural values ​​seems to dismiss the notion that states if the price is closely related to the material and profits
Evaluating the Approaches of Small Area Estimation Using Poverty Mapping Data
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Moloy Deluar J. , Salan Sifat Ar
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, estimation demand in statistics is increased worldwide to seek out an
estimate, or approximation, which may be a value which will be used for various
purpose, albeit the input data could also be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The
development of different estimation methods is trying to provide most accurate
estimate and estimation theory deals with finding estimates with good properties.
The demand of small area estimation (SAE) method has been increasing rapidly
around the world because of its reliability compared to the traditional direct
estimation methods, especially in the case of small sample size. This paper mainly
focuses on the comparison of several indirect small area estimation methods (poststratified synthetic, SSD and EB estimates) with traditional direct estimator based
on a renowned data set. Direct estimator is approximately unbiased but SSD and
Post-stratified synthetic estimator is extreme biased. To cope up the problem, we
conduct another model-based estimation procedure namely Empirical Bayes (EB)
estimator, which is unbiased and compare them using their coefficient of variation
(CV). To check the model assumption, we used Q-Q plot as well as a Histogram to
confirm the normality, bivariate correlation, Akaike information criterion (AIC).

JEL classification numbers: C13, C51, C51.
Keywords: Small Area Estimation, Direct Estimation, Indirect Estimation,
Empirical Bayes Estimator, Poverty Mapping.
How the Team Norm of Information Exchange and Team Information Processing Affects Team Performance in Software Development Projects?
Authors: Chamtitigul Nattaya , Li Weining
Published: May 2021

This study examines how the team norm of information exchange and team information processing affects team performance. Data were collected from 354 project teams from software development companies in Thailand. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that team norms of information exchange (TNM) has a significant relationship with team information processing (PRO). Team information processing positively influences team performance (TPM). Software development organisations could adopt such norms and this team process to improve software development projects performance and recognise team processes, which is essential for long-term sustainability and competitiveness.
The Portrayal of The Image of Love in Hemingway's Selected Novels
Authors: Munshid Hussein Mnahi , Ahu Abdul Ghani
Published: May 2021

The researcher tries to output a sufficient analysis for selected texts of Hemingway to reflect how his characters has demonstrate the image of love. The analysis for Hemingway's texts aims to offer a typical answer to the question, which was to what extent did Hemingway portray the image of love in his selected novels. While going through and trace Hemingway's characters, the researcher discovers that all of them have been emotional where love comes as a changing factor in their life. Love concept has been display in many portraits such as physical, spiritual and love for God. The main themes were discussed and analyzed psychologically by tracing group of heroes and heroines who live, represent and portray these topics though the great modernist American author Ernest Hemingway in his selected novels.
The Role of K+, Ca2+ channels, Some Endothelium Hyperpolarizing Factors in Taurine Induced Vasorelaxation in Rats Aorta
Authors: Haji Abdulsatar A. , Al-Habib Omar A.M.
Published: May 2021

The current study included the relaxant effect of taurine on rat’s aortic rings and the mechanism behind this relaxation. Taurine produced a potent spasmolytic effect on aortic rings at concentrations from zero to 80 mM. The results of K+ channel subtypes using specific blockers indicated that the Kv channel has a considerable role in taurine-induced relaxation, while KATP has a limited role, Exposure of aortic rings to combinations of two K+ blockers showed that KCa, Kv, and KIR play important role in taurine mediated relaxation. The endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors used showed responses to a variable extent in taurine mediated relaxation; since NO and cGMP played a major role whereas PGS played a minor role in taurine mediated relaxation. Finally, the results also indicated that taurine-mediated relaxation is endothelium-dependent.
Professional Standards Training and Understanding Pre-School Teachers’ Knowledge about Professional Standards
Authors: Hien Nguyen Thi , Hung Mai Van
Published: May 2021

Theimprovement of the teacher’s quality, including teachers in general and preschool teachers in particular, hasgained interested in many countries around the world. Currently, most countries in the world have issued a framework of competency or professional standards for teachers as a basis for preschool teachers to self-assess and be assessed for their qualities and competenciet. On that basis, preschool teachers can implement the plan of quality training, strengthen and improve professional expertise. This article, the author conducts research to evaluate the implementation of the professional standards manual of schools and the teacher's understanding of professional standards. This is considered an important factor that will contribute to improving the effectiveness of teacher ratings according to professional standards. In this study, the author uses mainly quantitative research methods (survey, descriptive statistics and inference statistics) to clarify the problems that the research has posed. Research results show that there is a relationship between standard manual training and preschool teachers' understanding of professional standards. Standards instructors have a good understanding of professional standards. Especially the training is organized by the school and the education and training department, so the training classes are small, with a small number of participants and therefore higher quality.
NATURA 2000: DETERIORO, DESCLASIFICACIÓN DE LUGARES DE IMPORTANCIA COMUNITARIA Y DERECHO DE PROPIEDAD
Authors: GARCIA URETA AGUSTIN
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo examina la posible desclasificación de los lugares de importancia
comunitaria (LIC) bajo la Directiva de hábitats de la Unión Europea y la doctrina del
Tribunal de Justicia a este respecto. El comentario plantea una serie de críticas al enfoque
adoptado por el Tribunal, en particular en el asunto Cascina, en el que se acepta tal eventualidad
a pesar del tenor literal de la Directiva, que solo se refiere a las zonas de especial
conservación (ZEC). También se ponen en evidencia las inconsistencias que plantea la postura
del Tribunal con otros aspectos, tales como la protección de los LIC antes de designarse
como ZEC y la legitimación para recurrir la decisión de la Comisión que aprueba la
lista definitiva de LIC. Finalmente, se examina el papel del derecho de propiedad en el caso
de la desclasificación de un LIC.

Lan honek, Europar Batasuneko habitatei buruzko Zuzentarauaren eta
Justizia Auzitegiaren gaiari buruzko doktrinaren pean, garrantzi erkideko lekuei ken dakiekeen
sailkapena aztertzen du. Iruzkinak Auzitegiak onartutako fokatzeari kritikak egiten
dizkio, bereziki, Cascina uzian, balizkotasun hura onartzen baitu, Zuzentarauaren hitzez hitzekoak
kontserbazio bereziko guneak bakarrik aipatu arren. Agerian jartzen dira baita ere
beste alderdi batzuekiko Auzitegiaren jarrerak dakarren sendotasunik eza, besteak beste,
kontserbazio bereziko gune izendatu aurretik garrantzi erkideko lekuen babesarekiko eta garrantzi
erkideko lekuen behin betiko zerrenda onartzen duen Batzordearen erabakia aurkaratzeko
legitimazioarekiko. Azkenik, garrantzi erkideko leku bati sailkapena kentzen zaionean
jabetza-eskubideak duen papera ere aztertzen da.

This contribution examines the declassification of sites of community
importance (SCIs) under the European Union Habitats Directive and the case law of the
European Court of Justice. The comment criticizes the approach adopted by the Court, in
particular in the Cascina case, which admits that possibility despite the Directive¿s express
wording that only refers to special conservation areas (SCAs). The comment also highlights
other inconsistencies derived from the case law such as the provisional protection of SCIs
before being designated as SCAs and the locus standi to challenge the Commission¿s
decision adopting the definitive list of SCIs so far rejected by the Court. The comment also
examines the role of private ownership in the declassification procedure.
ELEMENTOS NECESARIOS O ESTRUCTURALES DE LAS RELACIONES DE PUESTOS DE TRABAJO DEL PERSONAL FUNCIONARIO EN EL ESTADO Y LOS MUNICIPIOS, DESDE LAS NORMAS Y LA JURISPRUDENCIA
Authors: GIL FRANCO AGUSTÍN JUAN
Published: May 2021

Estamos acostumbrados a referirnos a las RPT como un todo abstracto,
e incluso polemizar sobre su carácter normativo o de simple acto administrativo general,
pero no se han desentrañado sus elementos esenciales y constitutivos. Las RPT cumplen
una doble función, por un lado como instrumentos de ordenación del personal, y, por otro
y no menos importante, como elementos de establecimiento de la organización básica de
un Ministerio, una consejería o una concejalía. Precisamente es necesario adentrarse en
su escaso régimen jurídico regulador para poder señalar dicho elementos constitutivos en
uno y otro sentido, sabiendo que las RPT no son un montón informe de puesto de trabajo
agrupados sin razón alguna o sin transcendencia alguna.

Lanpostu-zerrendak osotasun abstraktu gisa hartzen ohitu gara, bai
eta haien izaera arautzailea den edo administrazio-egintza orokorra soilik den eztabaidatzen,
baina ez dira argitu bere barruko elementu nagusiak. Lanpostu-zerrendek bi funtzio
betetzen dituzte: alde batetik, langileak antolatzeko tresnak dira; eta, bestetik, hori bezain
garrantzitsua, ministerio, kontseilaritza edo zinegotzigo baten oinarrizko antolamendua finkatzen
dute. Sakondu beharra dago bere araubide juridiko urrian, bere barruko elementu
horiek argitzeko, kontuan hartuz lanpostu-zerrenda ez dela arrazoirik edo garrantzirik gabe
multzokatutako lanpostu pila bat.

We are used to refer to relations job as an abstract whole, and even argue
about its normative character or simple general administrative act, but have not unraveled
its essential elements and constitutive. The RPT play a dual role, first as staff management
tools, and on the other, and not least, as elements of establishing the basic organization of
the Ministry, one counseling or council. Precisely requires an inquiry into its low regulatory
legal regime to point out that one constituent elements and forth, knowing that the RPT
are not a lot of job report grouped for no reason or for no transcendence.
TERGIVERSACIONES CASACIONALES SOBRE EL RAZONAMIENTO DEL JURADO
Authors: IGARTUA SALAVERRIA JUAN
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar cómo se falsea la Ley del Jurado en
una sentencia de nuestro Tribunal Supremo con el objetivo de legitimar, con carácter general,
una motivación muy rebajada en el veredicto del Jurado.

Lan honen helburua da erakustea nola faltsutzen den Zinpekoen Epaimahaiaren
Legea Auzitegi Goreneko epai batean, zinpekoen epaimahaiaren berediktu arindua
legitimatze aldera, oro har.

In this work we try to show how the Jury Act is distorted in a judgment
of our Supreme Court with the objective of legitimizing in general a very relaxed motivation
in the verdict of the Jury.
ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES Y TRIBUNAL EUROPEO: LA SENTENCIA DE LA GRAN SALA DE 1 DE JULIO DE 2014, ÅLANDS VINDKRAFT
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-BLANCO CARRILLO DE ALBORNOZ ANTONIO
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se da cuenta de la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la
Unión Europea de 1 de julio de 2014, con objeto en la Directiva de 2009 sobre el fomento
del uso de energía procedente de fuentes renovables.
Se trataba de una cuestión prejudicial relativa a la legislación sueca en la materia, que
daba un trato diferente según qué lugar de producción de la energía. La Sentencia da por
bueno dicho régimen, al no entenderlo contrario a la libre circulación de mercancías. De ahí
que el tono del trabajo sea esencialmente crítico».

Lan honetan, Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiak 2014ko uztailaren
1ean emandako epaiaren berri ematen da. Epai hori, hain zuzen, iturri berriztagarrietako
energiaren erabilera sustatzeko 2009ko zuzentarauari buruzkoa da.
Alor horretako Suediako legediarekin lotutako judizio aurreko auziari buruzko epaia zen.
Suediako legedian, hain zuzen, tratamendu desberdina ematen zitzaion energiari, ekoizpenlekuaren
arabera. Epaian, erregimen hori ontzat ematen da, ulertzen baita ez dela salgaien
zirkulazio askearen kontrakoa. Hori dela eta, lanaren tonua kritikoa da batez ere.

This work deals with the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European
Union of July 1st 2014 about the Directive of 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy
from renewable sources. It was about a preliminary question related to the Swedish
legislation on the subject, which gave a different treatment depending on the place of
production of the energy. The judgment approves that regime by considering it not contrary
to the free movement of goods. Hence, the tone of this work is essentially critical.
ASOCIACIÓN CLÍNICA ENTRE EL EDEMA UTERINO Y LA ENDOMETRITIS BACTERIANA EN YEGUAS CRIOLLAS COLOMBIANAS
Authors: Gallego Rodríguez Renso Sneider , Ruíz Jaramillo Andrés Felipe , Ruíz Buitrago Jhon Didier , Sáenz Ruíz Oscar Andrés
Published: May 2021

La endometritis bacteriana en las yeguas, es uno de los principales problemas en la reproducción equina. A causa de diagnósticos inadecuados, los tratamientos antibióticos generalmente fracasan aumentando los casos de infertilidad en las hembras. El presente estudio se realizó con 89 yeguas con signos clínicos y reproductivos de endometritis. Diagnosticadas mediante el examen clínico reproductivo, ecografía y cultivo bacteriano (realizado mediante la técnica de hisopado). A cada yegua se le realizó ecografía transrectal lineal (Ecógrafo esaote mylab 30, sonda lineal 7,5 MHz) en la cual se evalúo cuerpo del útero, cuerno derecho, cuerno izquierdo y los ovarios; las yeguas con signos clínicos compatibles con endometritis, fueron evaluadas mediante la técnica de hisopado, se realizó la toma de muestra en varios puntos diferentes del endometrio abarcando cuerpo y cuernos del útero; los resultados fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva para cada una de las variables; para las variables cualitativas se realizó pruebas de independencia de Chi Cuadrado (χ²). En los resultados se encontró un mayor aislamiento bacteriano en yeguas que presentaron edema grado 3, siendo E. coli la más frecuente ya que se aisló en 35 de las 89 yeguas.
DETERMINACIÓN DEL GRADO DE BIENESTAR ANIMAL EN SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN CAPRINO DEL MUNICIPIO DE OCAÑA, NORTE DE SANTANDER
Authors: Hoyos Patiño Johann Fernando , Hernández Villamizar Daniel Antonio , Pallares Rincón Jhoneisson , Velásquez Carrascal Blanca Liliana
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar el bienestar animal en dos sistemas de producción caprinos en Ocaña Norte de Santander. El enfoque investigativo fue mixto; componente cualitativo recopilando datos por observación e interacción directa con los ejemplares, y el cuantitativo midió los cuatro principios del protocolo Welfare Quality® (buena alimentación, buen alojamiento, buena salud y comportamiento adecuado), 11 criterios y 33 indicadores para valorar el bienestar animal. El tipo de investigación aplicada fue descriptiva caracterizando el proceso de los apriscos. El análisis de resultados demostró que los dos sistemas de producción obtuveiron calificación de excelente, ya que el puntaje en todos los principios evaluados fue mayor al 55%, presentado una valoración general promedio de 93.47%. Discriminados de la siguiente forma 98,47% buena alimentación, 95,02% buen alojamiento, 90,20% buena sanidad y 90,18% en comportamiento apropriado, debido a los puntos a mejorar en los indicadores de los critérios evaluados.
CONSECUENCIAS DE LA DEGRADACIÓN DE PASTURAS SOBRE LA FIJACIÓN DE NITRÓGENO
Authors: Blanco Rodríguez Julio César , Montilla Rodríguez Maria Antonia , Roncedo Carmen Silvia
Published: May 2021

La degradación de pasturas es un problema de interés mundial que afecta la producción y la salud ecosistémica. Cada estado de degradación de pasturas, corresponde a un avance gradual en el deterioro de la relación entre el suelo, la planta, el bovino y el medio ambiente, convirtiendo la ganadería poco a poco en un foco de contaminación. Una de esas fuentes contaminantes corresponde a los GEI (Gases Efecto Invernadero) de los cuales, N O es el 2 que presenta mayor potencial de calentamiento global; por esta razón, en el presente artículo se relacionan generalidades de la degradación de pasturas y su relación con la emisión de gases nitrogenados, entre los cuales se incluye el NH , N O y NO, a través de una revisión de documentos resultantes de 3 2 diferentes investigaciones a nivel mundial, enfocados en la experiencia de los autores.
COMPORTAMIENTO AGRONÓMICO Y PRODUCTIVO DE Tithonia diversifolia EN TRÓPICO ALTO BAJO DOS ESQUEMAS DE FERTILIZACIÓN
Authors: Flórez Delgado Dixon Fabián , Capacho Mogollón Alfonso Eugenio , Quintero Muiño Sandra Milena , Ortiz Villamizar Laura Patricia
Published: May 2021

En Colombia, la Tithonia diversifolia, es uno de los recursos forrajeros más importantes en la alimentación animal, especialmente en lecherías especializadas y ganaderías doble propósito, gracias a su adaptación a variedad de climas, su productividad y valor nutricional. El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue evaluar el comportamiento agronómico y productivo de la Tithonia diversifolia bajo dos esquemas de fertilización. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Vegetal y Bioinsumos CISVEB perteneciente de la Universidad de Pamplona. Para ello, se establecieron 50 plantas para cada tratamiento: fertilización química, fertilización orgánica y testigo bajo un diseño aleatorizado previo análisis de suelos y aplicación de correctivos. Para la evaluación de las variables agronómicas y productivas de altura de planta, número de tallos, número de hojas, peso de tallo, peso de hoja, relación hoja – tallo, área foliar y producción de materia seca, se aplicaron pruebas de estadística descriptiva, análisis de varianza y análisis de separación de medias mediante la prueba Tukey con una significancia del 5%. Se presentó diferencia estadísticamente significativa p<0,05 para las variables de altura, número de hojas y número de tallos, siendo el mejor tratamiento la fertilización química, mientras que área foliar fue superior en la fertilización orgánica. Para las demás variables se obtuvo comportamiento similar. Se concluye, que la fertilización química ejerce influencia sobre algunos parámetros agronómicos de la T. diversifolia.