bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive selection of necessary and sufficient checkpoints for dynamic verification of temporal constraints in grid workflow systems
Authors: Chen Jinjun , Yang Yun
Published: June 2007

In grid workflow systems, a checkpoint selection strategy is responsible for selecting checkpoints for conducting temporal verification at the runtime execution stage. Existing representative checkpoint selection strategies often select some unnecessary checkpoints and omit some necessary ones because they cannot adapt to the dynamics and uncertainty of runtime activity completion duration. In this article, based on the dynamics and uncertainty of runtime activity completion duration, we develop a novel checkpoint selection strategy that can adaptively select not only necessary, but also sufficient checkpoints. Specifically, we introduce a new concept of minimum time redundancy as a key reference parameter for checkpoint selection. An important feature of minimum time redundancy is that it can adapt to the dynamics and uncertainty of runtime activity completion duration. We develop a method on how to achieve minimum time redundancy dynamically along grid workflow execution and investigate its relationships with temporal consistency. Based on the method and the relationships, we present our strategy and rigorously prove its necessity and sufficiency. The simulation evaluation further demonstrates experimentally such necessity and sufficiency and its significant improvement on checkpoint selection over other representative strategies.
The Seven Deadly Sins of Linux Security
Authors: Toxen Bob
Published: June 2007

The problem with security advice is that there is too much of it and that those responsible for security certainly have too little time to implement all of it. The challenge is to determine what the biggest risks are and to worry about those first and about others as time permits. Presented here are the seven common problems - the seven deadly sins of security - most likely to allow major damage to occur to your system or bank account. If any of these are a problem on any of your systems, you will want to take care of them immediately.
KV the Loudmouth
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: June 2007

What requirement is being satisfied by having Unclear build a P2P file-sharing system? Based upon the answer, it may be more effective, and perhaps even more secure, to use an existing open source project or purchase commercial software to address the business need.
Embracing Wired Networks
Authors: Creeger Mache
Published: June 2007

Most people I know run wireless networks in their homes. Not me. I hardwired my home and leave the Wi-Fi turned off. My feeling is to do it once, do it right, and then forget about it. I want a low-cost network infrastructure with guaranteed availability, bandwidth, and security. If these attributes are important to you, Wi-Fi alone is probably not going to cut it. People see hardwiring as part of a home remodeling project and, consequently, a big headache. They want convenience. They purchase a wireless router, usually leave all the default settings in place, hook it up next to the DSL or cable modem, and off they go. Ease and convenience are the selling points, but there are certainly tradeoffs to consider. As the IT expert of last resort for family, friends, and sometimes their family and friends, here are some of my experiences with Wi-Fi in the home.
Alloneword
Authors: Kelly-Bootle Stan
Published: June 2007

Three years ago, to the very tick, my first Curmudgeon column appeared in ACM Queue to the rapturous, one-handed claps of the silent majority. Since then my essays have alternated intermittently with those of other grumpy contributors. With this issue (muffled drumroll), I’m proud to announce a Gore-like climate change in the regime that will redefine the shallow roots of ACJ (agile computer journalism, of which more anon). The astute ACM Queue Management (yes, there is such - you really must read the opening pages of this magazine!) has offered me the chance to go solo. For the next few Queues, at least, I am crowned King Curmudgeon, the Idi Amin of Moaners, nay, Supreme General Secretary of the Complaining Party! "I am Sir Oracle, and when I ope my lips, let no dog bark!"
Is software warfare “unthinkable”? or is there a rational basis for its adoption?
Authors: Leighninger Eric V.
Published: June 2007

We in the information security community have lost our claim to innocence. We have known sin. For years, we have been viewing ourselves as crusading defenders of the faith, guardians of a mythical "cyberspace" community against the infidels of computing, those who would penetrate, vandalize, and exploit the systems of innocent users. We have painted the security technology we have been developing as good and the intrusive methods developed by the "hackers", "phreaks", and computer terrorists as bad. The labels appeared clear - we, the computer security folks, wore the white hats and the other guys, the black. However, in much the same way that knowledge of computer security flaws aided the penetrators of systems, so our knowledge of malicious software methods has contributed to our ability to build more robust, resilient, intrusion-resistant systems. Where we differ from the bad guys, we think, is in application and motive for use. But times are changing. The spectre of computer warfare, the dark twin to INFOSEC, has arisen. The computer security technology that we selectively considered as benignly good has a darker side which is becoming more apparent, as happened to the technologies for nuclear energy and biochemistry. If history has been any teacher, computer technology, security related or otherwise, will be no exception. We now have a two-edged Sword of Damocles at our disposal. It, like its nuclear and biochemical warfare cousins, is poised to hang over our heads. We need to heed Santayana's advice: "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." and not ignore history in examining early on the threats software warfare may pose now and in the distant future.
New IFIP committee formed on information security education and training
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: June 2007

At the May 1991 meeting of IFIP/TC 11 in Brighton, England, the committee approved the formation of a new working group, WG11.8, under the chairmanship of Dr. Harold Joseph Highland, FICS. Dr. Highland has served as Public Information Officer of TC 11 since it was founded in 1983 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Security management--“hey! How do you steer this thing?”
Authors: Neugent Bill
Published: June 2007

It had to be true. It was in the Washington Post. After 72 unsuccessful attempts to pass the required driving test, the District of Columbia police academy candidate was rejected in her bid to join the force. This clearly was the correct outcome. Yet I could not help but wonder, "What if she had passed on that 72nd try?" It seemed to me possible that the academy had somewhat of a lack of understanding of what it means to demonstrate basic competence.
An implementation of the McEliece-cryptosystem
Authors: Leclerc Matthias
Published: June 2007

Most asymmetric cryptosystems are based on hard number-theoretic problems such as integer factorization or taking discrete logarithms in finite groups [2]. Their performance aspect are well investigated [3].
Communications checklist
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: June 2007

This checklist was originally developed for microcomputer LAN managers and computer security specialists. It was later expanded to cover main frames and minicomputers as a result of requests from the different organizations with whom we have worked.
Microcomputer software backup: legal and ethical considerations for the individual and small business user
Authors: Watts Robert T. , Richards Thomas C.
Published: June 2007

The software user is concerned with the acquisition of microcomputer software that provides ease of access in a manner that allows the completion of tasks with as much efficiency as possible. The ease of access includes readily available backup copies of software in case of the destruction the original copy.
Interoperability in an open application environment
Authors: Pemberton Steven
Published: June 2007

Current application environment tend to be inconsistent, inflexible, arcanr, and non-interoperable. This is to a great extent due to the isolation of each application. Views is an environment where these issues are addressed by offering a completely integrated environment where all user interface issues have been taken out of the hands of the application programmer.
Reference model for data management security and privacy
Authors: Albert S. , Ashby V. A. , Hicks S. E. , Marietta Martin
Published: June 2007

To establish a basis for discussion of security and privacy for data management, a few fundamental notions need to be defined. In its most general interpretation a database is a structured collection of information. A data management system is intended as a unique means of providing access to transient information or the information stored in a database. This paper provides a condensed version of the full reference model, whose purpose is to provide a basis for the development of standards in data management security and privacy.
Participation in computer security grew in '92
Authors: Ohringer Lee
Published: June 2007

Last November, many SIGSAC members celebrated Thanksgiving in different ways. Some may have even given thanks that their computers performed well during the previous year. A few days later, on December 1, which was the fifth annual ACM Computer Security Day, many of us were taking steps to assure that we would have better computer security during the upcoming year.
SANP: a communication level protocol for negotiations (abstract)
Authors: Chang Man Kit , Woo Carson C.
Published: June 2007

Distributed Artificial Intelligent (DAI) researchers have long been interested in the question of how to resolve conflicts among cooperative agents in distributed problem solving environments. Negotiation has been suggested by many researchers as an important technique to resolve conflicts. However, most of the existing negotiation protocols used in DAI systems are inflexible. Actual protocols rarely take into account the result from negotiation research. In this paper, we propose a negotiation protocol, SANP (
S
peech
S
ct based
N
egotiation Protocol), that is based on Ballmer and Brennenstuhl's speech act theory, and on the negotiation analysis literature from other disciplines. SANP is a flexible protocol that supports multi-level negotiations between two parties. In addition, SANP also allows third party arbitration if the parties involved in the negotiation cannot resolve the conflict themselves.
How to move (physically speaking) in a multi-agent world (abstract)
Authors: Latombe Jean-Claude
Published: June 2007

We consider the case of a physical agent (e.g., a robot) who accomplishes tasks by moving in a physical world populated by other physical agents. We discuss various approaches for planning the motions of such an agent. These approaches range between two extremes. At one extreme, the agent is a super-agent that plans the coordinated motions of all the other agents. At the other extreme, the agent deals with the other agents as if they were unexpected moving obstacles detected through sensors during the execution of motion plans. Between these two extremes, many other approaches are possible by engineering and combining basic motion planning methods (and higher-level reasoning methods) in different ways. These approaches differ in the amont of prior knowledge and the nature of inter-agent communication they require, as well as in their completeness, computational complexity, and their tolerance to unexpectedness. If a truly autonomous agent in a multi-agent world is to be eventually built, it is very likely that it will have to embed several of these approaches.
Cooperative problem-solving guided by intentions and perception (abstract)
Authors: Burmeister Birgit , Sundermeyer Kurt
Published: June 2007

The formalization of multi-agent autonomous systems requires a rich ontology for capturing a variety of collective behaviours and a powerful semantics for distinguishing between collective agents having, executing, and jointly intending a plan. In this paper, we introduce the notion of
social agents
and
social plans.
A definition of joint intentions is provided that avoids some of the problems encountered by previous formalizations. In particular, it models cooperation by requiring that agents adopt a joint goal and a joint plan of action before forming a joint intention. The paper also stresses the planning capability of agents and outlines a process for means-end reasoning by multiple agents.
A game theoretic approach to distributed artificial intelligence and the pursuit problem (abstract)
Authors: Levy Ran , Rosenschein Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2007

As part of an effort to define a unified formal semantics for beliefs, desires and action, this paper sketches a model theory for the axiological aspects of agent theory: hedonic states, likes, goals and values. It pays particular attention to modelling the intensity of likes. The main intuition underlying the model theory is that the axiological aspects of agent theory can be modelled through computational generalisations of physical dynamics. Computational analogues of force, mass and potential are offered.
Boundaries, identity, and aggregation (abstract)
Authors: Gasser Les
Published: June 2007

Larger, more complex, and more adaptive multi-agent systems will require us to think carefully about several new issues. Three of these are
boundaries, identity
, and
aggregation
. The difficulty of dealing with these is compounded without a clear idea of the nature of plurality and
action-at-a-distance
: the general impossibility of global viewpoints and shared perspectives due to the necessity of localized interpretations. This paper discusses these issues, giving special attention to some qualitative empirical data from studies of large-scale, integrated organizational computing. The paper also gives some initial analyses of computational mechanisms that begin to represent dynamic aggregation and distributed identity management along the theoretical lines discussed here.
Eco-problem-solving model (abstract)
Authors: Drogoul Alexis , Dubreuil Christophe
Published: June 2007

Eco-Problem-Solving (EPS) is a new approach to problem solving based on the paradigms of Distributed Artificial Intelligence and founded on interacting agents. We show the way to decomposing the n-puzzle problem into EPS agents, the behaviors with which they are provided and some general mechanisms. Then, we show how simple interactions between agents can lead to the solving of the problem of the edges. We prove that our solving method is guaranteed always to find a solution if there is one. We also prove that the method is more than complete and becomes decidable. Evidence of completeness and decidability are formulated. Finally, we propose some empirical results to show that the EPS implementation of the n-puzzle can effectively solve significantly larger problems than have previously been solvable using traditional heuristic search methods.
Teamwork between non-equals
Authors: Bonin Hinrich E. G.
Published: June 2007

When a hierarchical organization (e.g. an office of public administration) produces a document, several office workers will be involved. This paper presents a proposal for supporting teamwork between those people of different interests, expertise and competence on different hierarchical levels
(teamwork between non-equals).
For that purpose it combines a revision control system (
check-in & check-out
model) with an electronic mail system (transportation of circulation folders) to provide a useful environment for computer supported collaboration within the framework of 'hierarchies of directives', i.e. an organization in which the flow of orders is more or less rigid. The approach supervises the evolution of the document, handles a 'family' of text contributions with competing modifications and protects the individual work phase. A prototype we have implemented uses the Unix tools
rcs
and
mail.
Role-based security
Authors: Nyanchama Matunda , Osborn Sylvia
Published: June 2007

User role-based protection presents a flexible (hence adaptive) means for enforcing differing ranges of security policies. It can emulate both mandatory and discretionary access control modes of protection. Role-based protection enforces the principle of least privilege, hence minimizing the risk of Trojan horse attacks. This paper offers a glimpse into the strengths (and some weaknesses) of role-based protection, the structures for its enforcement and pointers to the direction for future research.
Integration of security in network routing protocols
Authors: Kumar Brijesh
Published: June 2007

There are two sources of threats to secure operation of routing protocols in networks. The first source of threats is subverted routers that legitimately participate in a routing protocol. The second source of threats is intruders which may illegally attempt to interfere in routing protocols by masquerading as routers. In this paper, we first analyse the security requirements of network routing protocols and then discuss the necessary measures which can be adopted to make the operation of these protocols secure.
Computing systems' defenses
Authors: Kurban Stanley A
Published: June 2007

In 1983, teenagers used computers in their homes to look at and modify data in computers thousands of miles away. Reports of these incidents, television dramas, and the movie "WarGames" have all aroused interest in the subject of how and how effectively computing systems' defenses withstand attacks by unauthorized individuals. The subject is of more than passing concern.
Data communication and security
Authors: Sharma Ravi
Published: June 2007

Security in networks is becoming increasingly important owing to the expanding role of distributed computation, distributed databases and telecommunications applications such as electronic mail and electronic funds transfer. This paper undertakes to study this hitherto neglected area of Computer Science. It is the result of research, discussions and a series of seminars attended and presented by the author.
Logical authentication method
Authors: Lipton David
Published: June 2007

A logical authentication test requires no special hardware. As a proof of identity, the accessor is required to know or to use secret information. In a generalized model of logical authentication, the user learns an encryption algorithm whose functional description is secret. This model includes new tests of secret knowledge which induce larger forgery costs in certain environments than methods currently in wide-spread use.
Computer abuse and security: Update on an empirical pilot study
Authors: Straub Detmar
Published: June 2007

Questions about computer abuse abound in the popular press and in the computer trade and professional journals. Frequently asked questions focus on the extent of the problem and the abusers themselves. Some typical, critical questions are:* Is computer abuse a serious problem today in the U.S.?* How are systems being abused?* Who are the abusers and what motivates them?* Are privileged system users more prone to abuse systems than other users?
Envoys in electronic mail systems
Authors: Gold Eric
Published: June 2007

Envoys are electronic mail messages that make requests at remote electronic mailers. Envoys differ from conventional messages in that they might be routed to recipients that have not been specified, their requests can often be carried out with no human intervention, they can be modified as they move from mailer to mailer, and they return to the original sender to inform her what actions have been taken. An electronic mailer that supports envoys needs reasoning systems to determine the recipients of the envoy and handle the requests.
Automating review of forms for international trade transactions: a natural language processing approach
Authors: Dhar V. , Ranganathan P.
Published: June 2007

A major challenge in Office Automation is one of automating routine jobs that involve large-scale processing of ill-formed natural language data. Such data are often present in documents such as forms where it is necessary and/or practical to allow latitude in how the forms may be filled. In this paper, we describe a computational model designed to process free-form textual data in application forms for Letters of Credit (LC), which represent a common vehicle for initiating international trade transactions. The model is based on a variation of the case-frame or thematic-role frame instantiation methods. We describe the implementation of the model, report empirical results with real LC applications, and indicate directions we are currently pursuing to improve its performance.
Auditing MRP systems
Authors: Burns Tom
Published: June 2007

Material Requirements Planning [MRP], an American technology, is a part of a comprehensive set of manufacturing/materials planning tools that, in response to foreign competition over the past two decades, has evolved into a highly effective management planning and control system encompassing all functions within the manufacturing environment. It is, in effect, "an information processing system that seeks to develop and maintain a set of orders that support [a] production plan, while simultaneously 'minimizing' the inventory levels within the production system."
IS strategy and implementation
Authors: Walsham Geoff
Published: June 2007

This short paper concerns the strategy, development and implementation of computer-based information systems in a medium-sized U.K. building society during the period 1981 to 1987. The Society experienced a dramatic improvement in its financial performance during the period under the leadership of its Chief Executive, with IS being central to the changes which took place. An outline case history is presented here, followed by some formal analysis of the case in terms of social context and process. Some conclusions are drawn on whether users 'got what they wanted' in this case, and on whether this is an appropriate focus for the development of information systems in organizations.A much fuller description and analysis of this case, including a later two-year period under a new Chief Executive, is given in the book referenced at the end of this paper.
Digital library design for organizational usability
Authors: Kling Rob , Elliott Margaret
Published: June 2007

During the last decade, software designers have made progress in improving the usability of software products, such as word processors, by focusing on the design of interfaces. Less attention has been given to usability issues that go beyond the interface in the design of multi-user systems, such as a digital library (DL).In this paper, we discuss two aspects of DL usability-interface and organizational. While the Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) research community has helped pioneer design principles to improve interface usability, organizational usability is less well understood. In fact, HCI researchers often treat the term "DL usability" as synonymous with a DL's interface usability. "Design for organizational usability" is a new term that refers to the design of computer-based systems so that they are effectively integrated into the work practices of organizations. Issues of organizational design have been identified and faced by researchers and practitioners in neighboring fields, such as Information Systems. DL developers need to consider "design for organizational usability" issues during DL system design.Anthropologists have successfully used the concept of "cultural models" to understand the cultural constructs through which people view their worlds. Computer systems development communities, including the DL design community, usually have some consensus (cultural models) about the character of systems usability in their development process---how people do and should use computer systems, and what roles different users should play in the design of new systems. We discuss five typical models of computer systems design. These models become cultural models when they are taken for granted within a professional community as THE (natural) way to design all systems. A new model that incorporates "design for organizational usability" principles into system design is proposed. We believe that this model has the strongest chance of producing DL systems that diverse people can use effectively.
A framework for the realization of cooperative systems
Authors: Clements P. E. , Jones R. M. , Weston R. H. , Edmonds E. A.
Published: June 2007

It is now timely to build upon output of research worldwide into Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) so that new forms of computing infrastructure can be provided to facilitate cooperative working. Three new technologies can collectively provide means of addressing this requirement; they are (a) multi-media information systems, (b) high performance networks and (c) intelligent autonomous agents. Multi-media information technology is now available to provide rich communication facilities including text, image, sound and video in both synchronous and asynchronous modes. Thus, computer -based systems can combine many of the media commonly used for communication and can transmit the results over a very wide distances, High performance networks enable multi-media communication to take place over wide areas. This is particularly important for essential international user links. The richness of the communication cannot be the only criterion used because the problem of "information overload" is only too well understood by users. Thus the application of knowledge-based systems to the construction of autonomous support agents has an important role to play . These again act on behalf of users to manage the communications by, for example, altering messages or assisting with the organisation of group exchanges. This paper details a system that will allow each of these technologies to be incorporated in to a framework such that a cooperative system can be built in a flexible and highly configurable manner and be responsive to the needs of the cooperative group.
Software architectures for cooperative systems
Authors: Gross Tom
Published: June 2007

This position paper describes my interest in this workshop as well as some topics which I think should be dealt with. Most topics are outlined through questions or problems which as I think offer no or no sufficient solutions.
Architectures for cooperative systems
Authors: Hanley Brian
Published: June 2007

The primary perspective which the author brings to this topic comes from working with the design and implementation of high level CASE tools. The interest which I have in software architectures for cooperative systems stems from considering the problem of how to best design a set of templates for the implementation of cooperative systems. There are special considerations to this problem when considered from this additional level of abstraction. One should optimally create a set of templates that can be deployed across many different platforms, for example: PC-Windows, UNIX of various flavors, AS/400. If one is to be able to mix and match all or most of the components across these platforms at will, it is necessary to minimize approaches which are unique to a particular architecture.
Architectural issues for distributed virtual reality
Authors: Kazman Rick
Published: June 2007

Of necessity, virtual environments are becoming multi-user, spanning heterogeneous platforms, potentially physically separated. When designing such systems, numerous questions arise of how to organize the functionality in the system to meet software engineering considerations such as modularity, modifiability, reusability, and scalability. This position paper discusses how the design of the WAVES architecture supports these software engineering criteria.
Position paper
Authors: Mitchell David
Published: June 2007

We have been developing desktop conferencing systems at IBM Hursley for the last 5 years. An early version [1] was first demonstrated at Telecom '91 in Geneva (and later was a prize winner in the 1993 British Computer Society awards), while the IBM Person to Person product has been available since early 1993. Our current work centres on Lakes, an architecture [2, 3, 4, 5] for collaborative working developed to support a wide range of collaborative applications of the "same time/different place" variety across different platforms and communications media.The Lakes application programming interface is designed to allow applications to:• initiate peer applications and share resources, on a variety of hardware and software platforms, located on nodes across a diverse and complex communications network.• define multiple dedicated logical data channels between shared applications, suitable for a broad range of multimedia traffic, independent of the structure of the underlying physical network.• serialize, synchronize, merge or copy the data streaming between shared applications.• support a range of attached devices and to allow the interception and redirection of the device data.Four key issues influenced the design of Lakes:1. it should be flexible2. it should allow the creation of intelligent networks3. it should support interoperability4. application programming should be as simple as possibleWe believe these issues are extremely important in the design of co-operative systems generally. Each of them is discussed below.
The evolution of MaxSix trusted networking
Authors: Adams John R. , Luther David F.
Published: June 2007

Through TSIG (the Trusted Systems Interoperability Group) and Project Max, trusted systems vendors have been working together for several years to achieve Multi-level Secure (MLS) system interoperability. As a standards body, TSIG has focused on specifications, while the Project Max group has focused on producing an implementation known as MaxSix. SecureWare, as the founder of TSIG and Project Max, has been a key contributor to the TSIG specifications and the development of MaxSix.
Using HyTime for modeling publishing workflows
Authors: Burger Franz , Quirchmayr Gerald , Reich Siegfried , Tjoa A. Min
Published: June 2007

Workflow Management is seen as the key for improving overall businesseffectiveness. However, today's solutions are very specific and isolated. Recently emerged international standards in the publishing sector providethe means for enabling standardized descriptions and thus allow theinterchange and reuse of workflow information. This paper describes howHyTime can be used as a modeling language to describe publishing workflows. We present relevant parts of the HyTime model and reflect on pros and consof the chosen approach.
Additional workshop papers presented at CSCW'94
Authors: Fuks Hugo , de Moura Leonardo Mendonça
Published: June 2007

This article outlines a framework for supporting team collaboration. It proposes a cooperation model, which states the way team members access the documents of a project. It is the underlying model for a cooperative system, where developers concentrate on the application's domain, ignoring the aspects related to the cooperative process.
Advances in public-key certificate standards
Authors: Ford Warwick
Published: June 2007

To build effective public-key infrastructures, well-entrenched standards are essential because many different applications and different vendor products need to be supported and used. Standards for public-key certificate and certificate revocation list (CRL) formats are most important. The recognized standard in this area is ITU-T X.509, first published in 1988. In 1993, the Internet Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) proposals refined the use of X.509. However, more recently it has become apparent that there are several deficiencies in the X.509 formats and in the PEM refinements. Consequently, standards groups have undertaken an expedited activity to revise the X.509 formats by adding extensibility mechanisms and defining a set of standard extensions to satisfy a range of recognized needs. This paper outlines the status of this work as of mid-1995.
Towards the design of a hypermedia journal
Authors: Sundaram Anita
Published: June 2007

Project Envision, an early attempt to build a digital library of Computer Science literature underlined the importance of the provision of "task-oriented access to electronic archives" as an important digital library principle (Fox et al, 1993). Specifically, the pre-development user study found that among the features desired in a new system was the "ability to do domain-oriented tasks" (such as embed code for testing, access to analytical tools, access to source code in a choice of languages). Other digital library projects such as CORE which attempted to build a chemist's workstation (Lesk, 1991) and Georgetown University's implementation of the Integrated Advanced Information Management System (IAIMS) which designed different kinds of workstations based on user groups such as scholars, practitioners, researcher, faculty, student (Broering, 1993) have implicitly recognized that both the nature of work and the subject domain are important factors in the design of digital libraries that support work. This research proposes to study the work of professionals in a subject domain as a prelude to the re-design of an existing print document into an electronic document that can be used in support of their work.
Organizing documents to support browsing in digital libraries
Authors: Maarek Yoelle S.
Published: June 2007

With the advent of digital libraries and of wide area networks, enormous amounts of textual information are made available all over the world: A typical example being the World Wide Web on the Internet. Searching and browsing are the two resource discovery paradigms mostly used to access this information [Bowman 94]. Information retrieval (IR) provides numerous sophisticated automatic indexing and storing techniques to support efficient searching and retrieval. In contrast, the organizing process that makes browsing possible, is typically done manually. The advances in automatic techniques for supporting the browsing discovery paradigms does not compare to those that support searching, in spite of the fact that browsing is classically the first paradigm used before searching.The issue we would like to address at the Institute is the issue of document organization which seems to have been neglected by the research community. This relates to the proposed issue of discussion: "What do we need to know about how people use electronic texts and how can we gain this knowledge and apply it to the development of digital libraries?" We would like to discuss organization by content as well as by other criteria such as fixed fields (author?, subject?, date?, etc.).
Security issues in a networked UNIX and MVS/VM environment
Authors: Mavrikidis James J.
Published: June 2007

This paper examines some security issues that arise from the interaction of different operating environments. The paper will focus on a particular network configuration involving two of IBM's Mainframe operating systems and an AT&T UNIX system. Each system along with the networking scheme used to connect these environments will be examined. The examined interaction will consist mostly of remote process execution. Each system will be described insofar as it relates to the security issues. A more detailed description of each operating environment can be found in the books in the reference section of this paper.
Security risks in computer-communication systems
Authors: Neumann Peter
Published: June 2007

This section provides a few highlights from the Risks-Forum Digest (comp.risks) (risks-request@csl.sri.com) relating to security and privacy. Pointers '(R i j)' to items in the on-line Risks Forum denote RISKS vol i number j. The RISKS archives are available on ftp.sri.com, cd risks. Please send RISKS-related items to risks@CSL.sri.com. Read RISKS as a newsgroup (comp.risks), or subscribe via the automated listserv at risks-request@CSL.sri.com. Peter G. Neumann, SRI International EL-243, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park CA 94025-3493 (1-415-859-2375; neumann@csl.sri.com).
Tacit knowledge
Authors: Reeves Brent N. , Shipman Frank
Published: June 2007

This workshop provides a forum for discussing experiences and issues related to tacit knowledge [Polanyi 1967] in collaborative systems. Beginning with early CSCW systems, tacit knowledge of work practice, in terms of unspoken assumptions and exceptions, has posed difficult problems for system designers. Analyses by Ehn [1988], Grudin [t994] and others [Bullen and Bennett 1990] show that tacit knowledge continues to play a disturbingly large role in the problems most CSCW systems struggle with. Humans make excellent use of tacit knowledge. Anaphora, ellipses, unstated shared understanding are all used in the service of our collaborative relationships. But when human-human collaboration becomes human-computer-human collaboration, tacit knowledge becomes a problem.
Organisational learning is crystallised into artefacts
Authors: Bertelsen Olav W.
Published: June 2007

In this note I understand organisational learning in terms of manifest crystallisation of collective experience into artefacts, and I attempt to integrate an engineering and an emancipatory perspective. A Danish music festival serves as an example.
Bridging CSCW and organizational learning
Authors: Hatakama Hiroshi , Terano Takao
Published: June 2007

In this paper, we study the relationship between CSCW and organizational learning, by modeling intellectual activities in an organization and examining methods for augmenting organizational intelligence systematically. We propose multi-agent model of organizational intellectual activities that represents embedded knowledge-sharing or knowledge- supplementation. The model shall provide a new perspective on research in knowledge management, and enable us to pursue the methods for augmenting organizational intelligence.
Knowledge management and knowledge infrastructures
Authors: Kruizinga Eelco , van Heijst Gertjan , van der Spek Rob
Published: June 2007

This position paper aims to present the vision of Kenniscentrum CIBIT on organizational learning and the role of information technology to facilitate learning processes. From our point of view, organizational learning should be a managed process aimed at knowledge creation, distribution, combination and consolidation, and of course application of knowledge, the main processes in
knowledge management
as described in [SPEK96]. Information technology, including, but not limited to CSCW, should enable an infrastructure in which the following functionalities are available:1. People can be found and accessed based on their knowledge and experience, not only their name and phone number.2. Knowledge products can be consolidated and can be made accessible.3. Experiences can be shared.4. Experiences can be consolidated and can be made accessible.The infrastructure should provide its services as close to the daily work as possible. We call such an infrastructure a
knowledge infrastructure
.For the purpose of the workshop, we will focus on the
latter two functionalities
of a knowledge infrastructure.This position paper will:1. Relate the concepts of knowledge management to organizational learning.2. Present our thoughts on knowledge infrastructures in relation to organizational learning.3. Present our research ideas to further investigate knowledge infrastructures.
Microcomputer security conference review
Authors: Callaghan R. , Ball Leslie D.
Published: June 2007

On September 17, 1986, SIGSAC cosponsored with SIG Small/PC a day long seminar on security in microcomputer systems. Nearly 100 people attended this program which was held at Bentley College, Waltham, Massachusetts.
Source code security: checklist for managers
Authors: Corelis Jon
Published: June 2007

Although computer security is usually thought of as data security, the protection of the executable software which creates and maintains that data is an equally important aspect of security. This article will describe the general principles for securing source code integrity in the computer services department of a medium to large size organization. It is addressed to the EDP manager, auditor, or user who has primary administrative, rather than technical, responsibility for the security of such code. My treatment of these issues will inevitably reflect my own primary experience of them, which has been with mainframe batch data processing applications. But the underlying principles of source code security are the same for all types of software, whether batch, interactive, or micro. Accordingly, I may hope that my discussion of these problems will be of some use also to those who must manage other types of data processing.
Structuring the knowledge domain of office functions with expert characteristics
Authors: van Slooten Kees
Published: June 2007

Many office functions have problem solving characteristics and use heuristic knowledge. To support these functions, techniques from artificial intelligence can be used to represent knowledge. However, the process of knowledge acquisition in order to define the knowledge is not very structured. Some information analysis methods, used during the development of information systems in general, have the potential to structure the process of knowledge acquisition. However, the information analysis method which is used should have enough possibilities to define the conceptual aspects of the knowledge domain completely. Such an information analysis method has been researched in the course of a case study with positive results.
Computer virus myths
Authors: Rosenberger Rob , Greenberg Ross
Published: June 2007

A number of myths have popped up recently about the threat of computer "viruses". There are myths about how widespread they are, how dangerous they are, and even myths about what a computer virus really is. We'd like the facts to be known.
An organizational approach to computer security
Authors: White Gregory B.
Published: June 2007

Recent articles and papers in the SIGSAC Review and at computer security conferences have discussed the need for top management directed computer security charters and programs. While a good first step, what is needed is both the security charters as well as an active centralized security organization with a substructure to support it. This paper describes the issues which led the Air Force to develop a centralized organization for Computer Security policy, Research and Development, and evaluation with the necessary supporting substructure. The issues are common to any large organization with multiple sites containing numerous and diverse systems either as part of industry or the federal government.
Case history
Authors: Brown Bradley J.
Published: June 2007

Integrity is frequently a highly critical concern for computing systems, especially those which deal with financial concerns and in areas with high legal liability exposure in the event of loss or corruption of data. Systems for which data integrity is a high concern must consider system operators as a possible source of data corruption. A Case History is presented which was developed as a result of a personal interview with the victims of an occurrence of operator corruption. It gives the history of that occurrence and suggests a possible approach to reducing the identified avenue of data corruption.
Computer crime legislation update
Authors: Richards Thomas C.
Published: June 2007

Thirty-five state plus the Federal Government have various forms of computer crime legislation on the books. These laws plus additional ones which are being added each year attempt to make computer related crime less attractive to individuals and groups who are willing to risk fines and imprisonment.
Act II - Scene I - data integrity
Authors: Ohringer L.
Published: June 2007

The National Institute of Standards and Technology held a Workshop on Data Integrity in January 1989 to try to identify and analyze the properties of computer security that go beyond confidentiality. A strawman position paper, which was written to promote discussion at the Workshop, called this property Integrity. Confusion developed among some of the workshop participants over the characterization and attributes of integrity.
Evaluating office systems: some comments and general guidelines
Authors: Conrath David W. , Sharma Ravi S.
Published: June 2007

In the present work, we critically examine the literature on performance evaluation and attempt to synthesize it into a coherent contingency theory for office support systems. More specifically, we review the various approaches suggested by others in order to provide an understanding of the technical, economic and psycho-social factors that must form the basis of any evaluation strategy useful to the practitioner.
Using persistent objects to implement an environment for coopertive work
Authors: Madsen Christian .
Published: June 2007

".. the hottest topic in software technology" it said in the call for papers of this event. Another fairly hot area, although in a different branch of the field of computer science is that of Computer Support for Cooperative Work. This paper attempts to give some directions for the development of a concept of persistent objects from the point of view of computer support for cooperative work. Based on a concrete design of an office system and the implementation of this system it is pointed out that several different kinds of persistent objects are needed, and that more research is necessary to clarify the notion of a persistent object.
Structure and action in distributed organizations
Authors: de Jong P.
Published: June 2007

An organization's structure specifies the formal relationships between the objects which comprise the organization. An organization's action is initiated by the communication of messages between the organizational objects. This paper describes some of the organization's structural relationships and message passing patterns. It also explores the relationship between structure and action. An organization is described using the Ubik system. Within this system, the organizational representation is specified using a distributed semantic net consisting of objects called configurators; the message passing action is based on the Actor model of parallel and distributed processing. The structure is related to the action by the use of special configurators called constructors, tapeworms, questers and sponsors. These configurator build, maintain, monitor and reason over the distributed networks.
Computerization and the quality of working life: the role of control
Authors: Kraul R. E. , Dumais S.
Published: June 2007

Does the degree of control people have over their work environments moderate the impact of computerization in organizations? This paper addresses this question with a quantitative case study and a national survey. Results of the case study show that clerical workers with more control over the day-to-day aspects of their jobs had better experiences with computing. However, the national sample provides no evidence to support the control hypothesis. In this study, women using computers had slightly worse jobs and more stress-related symptoms than those not using computers, and these negative associations with computerization weren't reduced if they had more control. It is likely that factors other than control had important impact on how computering technology was designed, deployed and used. Good design and good implementation, however they come about, may be more important than the users' control
per se
.