bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Outburst Risk Prediction Sensitivity Indexes and Its Critical Value of the Stress-dominated Outburst Coal Seam
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Shengzhou
Published: February 2021

According to that outburst in the mining area is the dominant stress type and they occur near the geological structure, taking Sangshuping NO.2 coal mine as the research background, the drilling cuttings weight S, gas desorption index of drilling cuttings Δh2&K1 in the investigated area were statistically analysed by combining laboratory analysis with field investigation. The study determines that the sensitive indexes of outburst risk prediction in NO.3 coal seam working face are the drilling cuttings weight S and gas desorption index of drilling cuttings Δh2; the critical values of normal and abnormal geological conditions are determined, which provides basis for prediction of No.3 coal seam working face in test area.
Analysis of Environmental Sustainability by Causal Loop Diagram and System Dynamic Model - A Case of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Ding Runze
Published: February 2021

The booming tourism industry has always played a vital role in the Australian economy. However, with the influx of tourists, the ecological environment of many scenic spots has been destroyed. As one of the typical areas in Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is suffering an increasing number of coral death due to natural disasters and man-made destruction. This study identifies the key variables and estimates the data collected from multiple channels, through building causal loop diagrams and system dynamic model to specifies the logic relationship between different variables and impact factors, and then further quantify their effects and analyze the interplay of them to clarify how they affect the ecological environment and business development of the Great Barrier Reef. The running results of the system dynamic model are consistent with the actual situation of the Great Barrier Reef, it provides a tangible future prediction of the Great Barrier Reef and puts forward the point that if the governments fail to take effective intervention measures, the mortality rate of coral reefs will continue to increase until they disappear completely in a few decades.
Influence of Axial Magnetic Interference on Wellbore Position Uncertainty
Authors: Hu Degao , Liu Xiaowen , Diao Binbin , Jiang Chuang
Published: February 2021

Accompanied with the widespread application of complex wells such as cluster wells in the exploitation of oil and gas resources, it is becoming more and more important to reduce or accurately describe the size of the wellbore position uncertainty as much as possible. It is well known that axial magnetic interference affects azimuth measurement. In this paper, the correction method of axial magnetic interference in azimuth measurement and uncertainty ellipsoid calculation method considering axial magnetic interference correction are introduced, and the influence of axial magnetic interference correction on the position uncertainty of a horizontal well is analyzed through an example. The research shows that the influence of axial magnetic interference on wellbore position measurement error varies with measurement depth, and axial magnetic interference plays an increasing role in the influence of wellbore position measurement error. Therefore, well trajectory should be measured in an environment free of axial magnetic interference.
Research progress on recycling technology of waste lithium battery anode materials
Authors: Yang Hongyu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, three kinds of recycling technologies for automotive lithium battery anode materials at home and abroad are introduced, including thermal metallurgy, hydrometallurgy and bio metallurgy. By comparison, the wet process with acid leaching precipitation extraction process has low requirements for equipment and energy consumption, and high leaching efficiency, which is an excellent technology easily introduced in industry.
Research Progress of Sludge Pyrolysis Catalysts
Authors: Han Lei , Chong Faguo , Guo Zhiqiang , Wang Chao , Wu Zhibin , Yu Tao , Qu Chengtun
Published: February 2021

Sludge treatment has become one of the most important challenges in environmental protection. With the improvement of sludge treatment standards, the environmentally-friendly and efficient pyrolysis technology developed has a good development prospect. The addition of catalyst is one of the important conditions affecting sludge pyrolysis. This paper introduces the influence of different kinds of catalysts on pyrolysis, and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages.
Heat exchange analysis of thermoelectric conversion device of automobile exhaust
Authors: Chen Jing
Published: February 2021

With the development of economy, people’s living standard will be improved and the number of motor vehicles will continue to increase. Among them, automobile exhaust emissions take away a lot of heat, exhaust pollution is also aggravated. This not only accelerates the energy consumption, but also the environmental problems become increasingly prominent. Based on the analysis of thermoelectric effect, the thermoelectric device of engine exhaust is designed and its thermoelectric conversion efficiency is studied in this study, which provides a wide application prospect for saving fuel and reducing the thermal pollution to the environment.
Preparation and Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Modified by L-cysteine Hydrochloride
Authors: Guo Li , Chai Yunlei , Zhou Fengchao , Wang Peng
Published: February 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified by L-cysteine hydrochloride using chemical cross-linking method with horseradish peroxidase as catalyst, and HA was cross-linked intermolecularly by hydrogen peroxide to obtain modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel. The properties of modified HA hydrogel, such as viscosity, whiteness, swelling degree, porosity, water retention, texturewere studied. The results showed that the viscosity, water retention capacity and hardness of the modified hydrogel increased, the swelling degree and porosity were reduced, and the hydrogel structure was dense by cross-linkage treatment.
Research on Power Battery recovery Mode of New Energy Electric vehicles in China under Circular economy
Authors: Hu Lidan , Wei Xiaomeng , Ma Jun
Published: February 2021

With the development of new energy vehicles, the demand for power batteries is increasing, and at the same time, the environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Considering the current situation of reverse logistics of power battery recycling in China, there are still many problems to be solved. Combined with the background of current circular economy, this paper optimizes the reverse logistics network of power battery recovery, in order to establish a complete green recovery network and promote the active reverse logistics of power battery recycling. Good countermeasures are put forward which are helpful to the development of reverse logistics of power battery recovery.
Environmental change and suggestions for improving EIA technology of Industrial Park Planning
Authors: Huang Lihua
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the new development trend of China’s environmental situation, the new characteristics of environmental pollution and environmental risk in the park during the “14th five year plan”. And the new requirements of the environmental changes in the 14th five year plan for the park planning EIA technology. From the aspects of improving the technical system of planning environmental impact assessment, strengthening the circular economy and ecological technology, and studying the applicable prediction model, the paper puts forward the technical countermeasures of the park planning environmental impact assessment. In order to prevent and reduce the cumulative environmental pollution of the park and prevent the environmental risk of layout.
Research on the construction of conceptual hierarchical model based on air pollution
Authors: Zhai Xueying , Sun Yong , Ji Min
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the problem of air pollution has become more and more serious, attracting close attention of mankind. The ontology system is constructed for the semantics of related words of air pollution to realize the sharing and standardization of semantics. Humans’ comments on the air conditions of the living environment are taken as corpus, and words related to air pollution are extracted from the corpus text to construct the ontology of air pollution. Divide the levels according to the attributes of air pollutants, and build and enrich the ontology system. This paper builds an ontology model based on air pollutants, divides hierarchical structure on the basis of concepts.
Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment of Surface Sediment Pahs in Beijiang River Basin
Authors: Jiang Yinhua , Zhang Hui , He Jiajun , Huan Ping
Published: February 2021

Beijiang River Basin is one of the main water source of the Pearl River Delta city group, but in recent years the aquatic ecological environment changed. Ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments is an important issue to protect the ecosystem. In the paper, 16 priority control polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediment from Beijiang River in China were quantitatively determined by GC/MS. Monte Carlo simulation method was used to analyze the ecological risk probabilities of PAHs in the sediments. Results showed that the risks of 3 PAH species were in the order of pyrene > phenanthrene > benzo[a]anthracene, the concentration of 16 PAHs are medium both at at home and abroad.
Calculation and study on pollutant degradation coefficients of Qiantang River estuary
Authors: He Chengqi , Li Ruohua , Chen Hongying
Published: February 2021

Qiantang River Estuary is a typical macro-tidal estuary in China, with features of strong tidal and high sediment concentration. In order to figure out degradation characterization of the major pollutants of Qiantang River estuary, water samples were taken in Xinsha Island, Changansha Island and Wenyan. CODMn, TN and NH3-N were chosen as the main pollutions of the three cross sections. Pollutants concentration were measured in the laboratory for 20 consecutive days. And the pollutant degradation coefficients (hereinafter referred to as PDCs) were calculated. Considering excluding the nonbiodegradable component in the shore run, pollutant concentration decreased rapidly, which was in keeping with the first-order kinetics equation. The PDC of CODMn is 0.376 d−1, which was above average when comparing with other rivers in China. The PDCs of NH3-N and TN were below average, which were 0.395 d−1, 0.066 d−1. Meanwhile, NH3-N and TN are main pollutants exceeding the standard in Qiantang River.
Evaporation-Cooling Coupling Method to Remove the Calcium and Magnesium Impurities in Leaching Solution of Manganese Ore
Authors: Zhang Hui , Song Da , Zhang Qi , Huang Xiping
Published: February 2021

Calcium and magnesium impurities are the major impurities in the leaching solution of manganese ore, which will influence the produce of manganese sulfate. Solubility determinations of calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and manganese sulfate in water have been carried out from 273.15K to 373.15K. According to the basic data, a new method to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+ impuritis in leaching solution has been put forward. The removal ratios of calcium and magnesium impurities could reach 48.5% and 39.2% using the new method, respectively.
Research on the influence of consumers’ environmental preference and government policy on EV battery recycling
Authors: Luo Dongkang
Published: February 2021

According to Chinese government, the first peak period of EV battery recycling will come soon. Improper disposal of EV batteries will cause a serious damage on the environment. So, reverse supply chain of EV battery recycling should be established. As one of the main bodies of reverse supply chain, consumers play an important role in the recycling of EV batteries. Government policy can regulate EV battery recycling. These factors will have a direct impact on EV manufacturers recycling strategy. To discuss how these factors, influence the recycling strategy exactly, a mathematical is established. Results shows that compared with the government’s reward-penalty mechanism, consumers’ environmental preference is the fundamental driving force for EV manufacturers to recycle EV batteries.
Study on ecological safety evaluation method for pyrolysis residue of oily sludge
Authors: Sun Xuan , Guo Zhiqiang , Zhong Faguo , Wu Zhibin , Yang Penghui , Yu Tao , Qu Chengtun , Li Jinling
Published: February 2021

The pollutants in the pyrolysis residue of oily sludge are harmful to the ecosystem, so it is necessary to evaluate its ecological security before it is discharged into the ecosystem. The evaluation methods based on physical and chemical indexes and the evaluation methods based on biological toxicity were summarized and compared in order to provide reference for the safety evaluation of the pyrolysis residue of oily sludge.
Analysis on soil ammonia volatilization characteristics of summer maize in northern China
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Xi Jiajia
Published: February 2021

Summer maize is the main grain crop in northern China, which is of great significance to food security and farmers’ income generation. Due to the arid climate, high wind speed and relatively poor natural conditions in northern China, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in farmland is large but the utilization rate is low, and ammonia volatilization causes serious environmental pollution. This study analyzed and summarized the literature on ammonia volatilization of summer maize from 2000 to 2019, and analyzed the influence of different fertilizer application amount and fertilization period on ammonia volatilization of summer maize by means of regression equation. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization, the amount of net ammonia volatilization, the amount of ammonia volatilization and the amount of fertilizer applied in summer maize showed a quadratic function. To control the ammonia volatilization of summer maize, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, especially the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing period.
Application of Super Absorbent Polymer in the Research of Water-retaining and Slow-release Fertilizer
Authors: Xi Jiajia , Zhang Panpan
Published: February 2021

Super absorbent polymer is a new type of functional polymer material that has been researched in recent decades. Due to its special structure and water-absorbing and water-retaining properties, it has a broad field of drought resistance, soil improvement and crop protection. It is a new type of soil conditioner and agricultural drought-resistant and water-saving materials. Combining it with fertilizers to prepare agricultural and forestry slow-release fertilizers with water-absorbing and water-retaining functions, it is very good in improving fertilizer utilization and saving water resources. This article summarizes the literature, expounds the research status, existing problems, and future research directions and hot spots of super absorbent resins.
Village development program: The view of “askesiros” in social construction, a development reality of Local Papuan Residents in Manokwari Regency
Authors: Tapi T , Kurnia G , Setiawan I , Sumule A
Published: February 2021

This research purpose was to explore the knowledge and experience of local Papuan towards the village programs. Data was collected from three villages. This research gained the data by using the questionnaires, the focused group discussions (FGD), the observations, and the interviews. The view of life “askesiros” (progress) was an approach to village development that was subjective. Subsequently, it considered the development program as the domain and obligation of the government. Contradictory, the village elite felt that they had the right to enjoy the “askesiros” to accelerate program implementation. The development program needed to start from the village that was the idea from the government (Monuh). Its reason was in the past ten years when the programs destroyed vary profit, minimal participation, and assistance. They had shown a decline in the welfare of the needy population. Therefore, in the appreciating of the cultural value and the meaning of “Askesiros” as “Ororoisa” development (flowing down) needed the willingness and sincerity of the village elite, all program managers, and stakeholders.
Analysis of comparative and competitive advantages of maize, rice and cocoa commodities in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarno J , Hiola F S I , Muhammad N M
Published: February 2021

The objectives of the study were to determine the profitability, comparative and competitive advantages, and to analyze the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted in 5 districts on 2019. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used. Maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo was profitable and feasible to implement; based on the value of private profitability and social profitability and the value of RC-ratio. Maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo had a competitive advantage of 0.74, 0.58 and 0.31 respectively. Maize, lowland rice and cocoa commodities had comparative advantages of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.27 respectively. The results of the PAM analysis showed that regional policies on the three commodities were a disincentive to output. To increase the competitiveness of maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo, it is necessary to control the output price at the farmer level; so that prices are not manipulated by collectors and the price received is in accordance with the government purchase price. This imply the need to increase technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and improve the quality of results through intensive application, technology assistance and counseling.
Livelihood impacts of the cattle management practices in mixed crop-livestock farming systems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Bahar S , Williams L J , Grünbühel C M , van Wensveen M
Published: February 2021

The research project to increase cattle production was conducted in South Sulawesi, Indonesia as a part of ACIAR funded projects in South Sulawesi (SMAR-2006-061). The project worked in 3 regencies: Bone, Barru and Gowa with four villages in each regency. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are a vital component of Indonesia’s crop-livestock farming systems. Improving Bali cattle productivity on these smallholdings is essential not only to the Indonesian Government’s beef self sufficiency targets, but also to improving the economic development of farmers living in these regions. However, smallholder farms in the region are usually sized less than two hectares in total; and comprise a mix of crop, forage, livestock and human activities. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the introduction of cattle management practices on household livelihoods. The result showed that these types of projects may contribute to improved livelihoods in the long-term, but unlikely to be visible in short term.
Predicting the impacts of climate change on Indonesia’s five main horticulture commodities
Authors: Setiyanto A , Pasaribu S M
Published: February 2021

Global climate change has an enormous impact on agriculture, including horticultural commodities. Banana, oranges, shallot, chilies, and potatoes are among the main horticulture commodities for Indonesian. This study employed a multimarket model of partial equilibrium analysis to investigate the impact of global and environmental climate change on those Indonesia’s five horticulture commodities 2019-2030. The study appraised the impact of climate change by looking at changes in the production and consumption in the national and household level, and net trade at national level. The study revealed that all scenarios show negative impact on national aggregate level of productions and consumptions, however those scenarios can be lower or higher at regional and household levels under climate change compared to a no-climate change scenario in the short and medium term. Import will increase, and all commodities will be as net imported. As an implication, types and characteristics of commodity and regions and households should be strongly considered in research, extension, and development program with improving adaptation and mitigation to climate change. With its unique characteristics, more comprehensive studies for these commodities are recommended. Awareness of the impact of climate change, horticulture subsector needs to be treated in a consistent, comprehensive, and systematic ways.
The addition of biosilica and coconut oil to improve the characteristic of starch-based biofoam packaging
Authors: Wahyuningsih K , Iriani E S , Amalia B
Published: February 2021

Biofoam (biodegradable foam) is food packaging made of starch with biodegradable characteristic that environmentally friendly. To produce starch-based biofoam with good physical characteristic, requires large amount of starch (30% to 60%) in the formula. To be economical and to reduce the use of starch, it is needed to add filler material. This research aimed to investigate the effect of biosilica and coconut oil addition on the characteristic of cassava starch-based biofoam. Biosilica used as biofiller was extracted from rice husk. In this research, biofoam control (without filler), filled with commercial silica, filled with biosilica and filled with biosilica plus coconut oil were compared. Products were characterized on physical properties namely moisture content, density, color (Chromameter), contact angel (3D-Optic Microscope), crystallinity (X-Ray Diffraction) and surface morphology (Scanning Electron Microscope). Meanwhile mechanical properties were measured on compressive strength and tensile strength (ASTM). The result indicated that cassava starch-based biofoam which filled with biosilica and coconut oil were increased its physical and mechanical properties. This type of biofoams have moisture content up to 13.82%, density 17.39%, more mechanical properties and more water resistance. Its compressive strength has increased up to 146% and the tensile strength to 56% compared to control.
The influence of types and moisture contents of coffee beans (Coffea sp) on sphericity and geometric means diameter
Authors: Khansa A P , Bintoro N
Published: February 2021

Moisture content and particle dimension of coffee beans are the two important characteristics which often needed in many postharvest handling processes. This research was intended to investigate the effect of types and moisture contents on the changes of sphericity and geometric mean diameter of coffee beans. Three different types of coffee beans namely arabica, robusta, and liberica in three moisture contents of 9, 14, and 19% (w.b) were investigated in factorial design 3 x 3 with five replications. The dimensions of coffee bean were determined using ImageJ process and the values of sphericity and geometric mean diameter were then calculated. It was found that bean types, moisture contents, and the interaction between them were strongly affected the dimensions, sphericity, and geometric mean diameters of coffee beans (p<0.05). Robusta was found to have biggest sphericity and geometric mean diameter. As the moisture contents increased, it tends to produce higher geometric mean diameter, but this not applied to sphericity. The relationship between moisture content and sphericity could be expressed as polynomial of degree 2 equations, while geometric mean diameter can be correlated in linear regression equations for all types of coffee beans in this research.
Modelling the respiration rate of mango (cv. Manalagi) during storage under various temperatures and gas compositions
Authors: Rahayu D , Bintoro N , Saputro A D
Published: February 2021

Information on respiration rate of fruit in various temperatures and gas compositions is essential for designing the storage room. The present study aimed to develop respiration rate models of ‘Manalagi’ mango fruit under different temperature and oxygen concentration. Respiration rate was measured with a closed system respirometer at 10, 15 and 28°C of temperature and 3, 10, and 21% of oxygen concentrations. The observed data the used to develop mathematical model based on Michaelis-Menten (MM) with four types of inhibition and an Arrhenius equation. The results indicated that MM models were different for each treatment investigated, among them combination type had the most suitability, however there was no single model which appropriated for all treatments evaluated. Arrhenius equation could be used to describe the effect of temperature on the respiration rate satisfactorily. Three-way repeated measure of statistical analysis confirmed that there was no significant interaction among O2 level, temperature, and measure time in both RO2 and RCO2. However, temperature and O2 concentration of the storage room gave significant effect in both respiration rates of RO2 and RCO2.
Content and potential of rice straw as a mineral source of zinc in ruminant feed
Authors: Suretno N D , Adriyani F Y , Hevrizen R
Published: February 2021

Zinc is essential for growth and cell division (mitosis and meiosis), sperm production, embryo development, and pregnancy. This study aims to determine the Zinc content of three rice varieties and their potential as ruminant feed. The research was done in Central Lampung in June 2020. The experiment used a randomized block design with three varieties and three replications. Each variety (Inpari IR Nutrizinc, Ciherang, Inpari 32) was planted in 50 m2. The variables are plant height (cm), stump height (cm), straw height (cm), straw weight and grain (kg), straw weight/50 m2 (kg), straw weight/ha (kg) and the Zn content in straw. The data obtained were analyzed using the R statistic. The result did not significant differences in all variables. However, Inpari 32 has the highest average plant height, stump height, straw height, and grain weight, while Inpari IR Nutrizinc has the highest average straw weight/ha (7,970.67 ± 1,135.84 kg). The zinc content of Inpari IR Nutrizinc was also the highest at 49.85 ppm/10 g, followed by Inpari 32 (35.40 ppm/10 g), and the lowest was Ciherang (34.08 ppm/10 g). In conclusion, rice straw of Inpari IR Nutrizinc has the potential to be used as a ruminant feed.
Insects identification with convolutional neural network technique in the sweet corn field
Authors: Naufal A P , Kanjanaphachoat C , Wijaya A , Setiawan N A , Masithoh R E
Published: February 2021

A method to identify the type of insects with accurate and precise results is of importance. Nowadays, an automatic object identification system with increased accuracy, improved speed, and less cost have been developed. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) implementation for image identification or classification can be done by collecting large-scale datasets containing hundreds to millions of images to study the many parameters involved in the network. This research was conducted to develop and apply the CNN model to identify eight species of insects in the sweet corn field in Thailand. Those insects were Calomycterus sp., Rhopalosiphum
maidis, Frankliniella
williamsi, Spodoptera
frugiperda, Spodoptera
litura, Ostrinia
furnacalis, Mythimna
separata, and Helicoverpa
armigera. The CNN model in this research was built with four convolutional layers, which consist of Conv2D, batch normalization, max pooling, dropout sublayer, and a fully-connected layer. in total, 5568 images were trained with 10 trials and different train attempts for each trial, were then tested with 40 images. The result shows that the CNN model has succeeded in identifying images of sweet corn insects with 80% up to 95% prediction accuracy for images with no background.
Impact of land use changes on the water availability in Ciwulan watershed, West Java
Authors: Suroso  , Putudewi A , Ardiansyah
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to see the impact of land use changes in the Ciwulan watershed on river water populations, especially during the dry season for drying. The physical hydrological model was based on Shetran’s physical use by utilizing hydro-climatological data obtained from remote sensing observations from 2001 to 2017. The input data are data on changes in land use and cover, digital elevation models, rainfall data and evaporation as well as land data via HWSD. The most significant land use change occurred in the agricultural land category with an annual increase of 7% from an area of 12 km2 in 2001 to 40.5 km2 in 2017. Land changes with a decreasing trend in area was forest areas with 1% decrease annually, from the initial area of 2001 of 462.5 km2 to 403 km2 in 2017. The smallest change occurs in urban land which tends to be stable in the range of 24 km2. The decline in the water catchment area has an impact on decreasing water availability in the Ciwulan river, especially during the dry season. River discharge during the dry season tends to decrease from over years.
The use of Zalacca seeds and its potential analysis as functional beverage
Authors: Arief R W , Asnawi R
Published: February 2021

Zalacca (Salacca edulis) consists of three main parts namely skin, flesh, and seeds. The most utilize part of zalacca is the meat, while skin and seeds were throwing away as waste. Currently, industries have started to process zalacca seeds into powder that can be brewed as substitute for coffee. However, there still lack scientific research has been done on active compounds of zalacca seeds. This study aimed to observe the active compound of zalaca seeds by observing its flavonoid level, caffeine level, consumer preference level (color, flavor, and taste), and business analysis turning zalacca seed into coffee. Result shows that zalacca seed has flavonoid level of 9.69% and caffeine content of 0.1009%. The formula of 90 : 10 of zalacca seeds and cinnamon powder, respectively, produces the most preferred zalacca seeds coffee compared to other formula. According to business analysis, the zalacca coffee has B/C ratio 2.19 per processing. Based on this study, the coffee made from zalacca seed could be used and claimed as functional beverage.
The effect of coconut sap and skim milk concentration on physicochemical and sensory characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt
Authors: Karseno  , Erminawati  , Yanto T , Handayani I
Published: February 2021

Coconut sap drink yogurt is a fermented product based on coconut sap and skim milk that made by fermentation using lactic acid bacteria ofLactobacillus bulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilus. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration of coconut sap and skim milk on physicochemical and sensory characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt. The medium fermentation consists of 5% and 10% of skim milk and 0, 10, 30 and 50% of coconut sap. Ten percent of lactic acid bacteria was inoculated into media and it incubated for 6 hours at 37°C. The pH, total acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, viscosity, and sensory characteristic of the product were determined. The results showed that concentration of coconut sap and skim milk affected to pH, total acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, viscosity and sensory characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt. The combination of 10% skim milk and 50% of coconut sap produce better characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt than other combination. The product showed similar characteristic with commercial yogurt.
The effect of techniques and fermentation time on cocoa beans quality (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Dewandari K T , Rahmawati R , Munarso S J
Published: February 2021

This research was aimed to know the effect of techniques and fermentation time on of cocoa beans quality. Experiment was conducted using two variables and three replications. Variable fermentation techniques was with two factors; spontaneous and controlled. Variable fermentation time was with three factors namely 72, 120 and 168 hours. Cocoa quality was determined by physical quality test consists of temperature during fermentation. Required quality for common and special beans is in accordance to SNI 2323: 2008. Chemical test for cocoa qualities were fat, moisture content, ash, protein, carbohydrates and pH. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed with Duncan Test. Results showed fermentation techniques and time were significantly affect to temperature, fat contents, ash, pH. Especially the fermentation time, it’s also affect significantly to the moisture and starch. Best result was shown in cocoa beans with controlled fermentation techniques at 72 hours as shown by temperature at 44,67°C, 31,46% fat content, 2,97% moisture, 1,99% ash, 39,37% starch and 5,69 pH. Following this research, better quality of cocoa beans could obtain in the next study using different microorganism (heterofermentative).
The effect of accelerated aging of rough rice with high-temperature storage on color and quality of milled rice
Authors: Millati T , Pranoto Y , Utami T , Bintoro N
Published: February 2021

The quality of milled rice can be improved through the aging process. Conventional aging takes a long time, so it needs to be accelerated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and duration of accelerated aging of rough rice on the color and quality of milled rice. Accelerated aging was carried out at room temperature, 40, 50, and 60 °C, and duration 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days. Weight loss and moisture content of rough rice during accelerated aging were recorded, while color, degree of milling, total rice yield, and head rice yield of milled rice were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature and time of accelerated aging had an effect on the color and quality of the milled rice. The optimal conditions for improving the color and quality of the milled rice were obtained from the accelerated aging at 40 °C for 12 days.
The influence of variety and explant size on Garlic (Allium sativum L) proliferation using Murashige and Skoog media
Authors: Karjadi A K , Gunaeni N
Published: February 2021

Tissue culture is an aseptic propagation and multiplication technique, it can also eliminate viral systemic conditions that already exist in the plant. Garlic (Allium sativum L) belongs to the genus Allium sp, which is propagated through the clove. The purpose of this study was to observe influenced explant source (Meristem, shoot tip) and the cultivar of galic in proliferation. The media composition were MS with supplement (Sucrose 30 gL−1 + IAA 2 mgL−1 + Kinetin 2 mgL−1 + GA3 0.01 mgL−1 + gelgro 2 gL−1, pH 5.7). The results showed that culture contaminants were generally caused by bacteria and fungi from the explant (endogenous) or improper treatment of surface sterilization. The percentage of proliferation in all varieties of explant shoot tip was higher than meristem, and the abnormal growth for both types of explant were 15 - 35%. Plantlets were infected with OYDV and SYSV in a range between 44.44 - 73.50 %.
The effect of organic fertilizer types and Endophyte bacteria application on the productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum ascalonicum)
Authors: Purwanti E W , Budianto  , Waskito H , Sa’diyyah I
Published: February 2021

This study was aimed to examine the interaction between the types of manure which used as basic fertilizer and the intervals of giving endophyte bacteria consortium to support hot pepper plant growth. The study was designed as completely randomized design in factorial experiment. The first factor is types of manure (P), while the second factor is the interval of endophyte bacteria consortium (N) application. Parameters observed were the growth of hot pepper namely plant height and number of leaves, and harvest quantity namely fruit number dan fruit resulted. As the result, there is interaction between type of manure treatment with the intervals of giving the endophyte bacteria. The application of endophyte bacteria able to increase the efficiency of manure given. The most recommended combination to produce best quality of harvested hot pepper is cow manure and intervals of 5 days of endophyte bacteria. Using this combination, the productivity of hot pepper could be reached to 19.5 tons per ha.
Study of “PATBO SUPER” technology innovation promoting the improvement of cropping index and productivity of rainfed rice in West Java Province
Authors: Surdianto Y , Sutrisna N , Kurnia B S , Argo Y
Published: February 2021

The innovation technology studied was water-efficient rice cultivation based on specific organic rainfed rice fields (Patbo Super). The research was conducted in Keboncau Village, West Java Province. The research was conducted on a 14 hectares of rainfed rice field during the Dry Season from July to December 2018. The objectives of the study were: to analyze the performance of the “Patbo Super” and to analyze the level of farmers perceptions of the “Patbo Super”. Data were collected through observation, direct measurements and interviews. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results reported that the “Patbo Super” technology could increase the Rainfed Rice Cropping Index from 200 to 300; Technically, the performance of rainfed lowland rice cultivation Patbo Super is relatively good with an average rice yield of 7.29 t/ha. Patbo Super is economically profitable and if seen from the value of its farming efficiency it is feasible to be developed with an RC ratio of> 1; and The majority of farmers gave a positive respond to the “Patbo Super”, technology package because it provides benefits, did not interfere with the culture of local farmers, was in accordance with land conditions and farmers’ socio-economic capacities and was easy to implement.
Effect of auxin type and concentration on the induction of Alternanthera Reineckii roots in vitro
Authors: Yunita R , Nugraha M F I
Published: February 2021

Alternanthera reineckii is an aquatic plant that is used as an aquascape plant. This commodity is in great demand so that its needs is continue to increase. To meet market demand, technology that can produce large quantities of seedlings in a short time is needed. In vitro propagation is a technology that can be used to produce uniform plants with a relatively high level of multiplication. The aim of this study was to obtain the appropriate type and concentration of auxin for the in vitro induction of Alternanthera reineckii roots. In this study, a factorial completely randomized design was used. The first factor is the type of auxin (IBA, NAA and IAA) and the second factor is the concentration of auxin (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg / l) with 10 replications. The results showed that the best auxin for Alternanthera reineckii root induction was IBA at a concentration of 1 mg/l.
Contribution of agricultural machinery to achieve food sovereignty in Yogyakarta special region
Authors: Kobarsih M , Pustika A B
Published: February 2021

Optimization and dissemination of the use of agricultural machinery to achieve food sovereignty in Yogyakarta are carried out through a direct assistance program through demonstration plots to farmer groups at three districts from 2017 to 2019. Planting and harvesting with machine were assessed in both technical and economic aspects. Regarding technical aspect, jarwo transplanter and combine harvester are suitable to be developed optimally in an irrigated rice fields that has a soil depth of less than 30 cm. Concerning economic aspect, jarwo transplanter saves labor and speeds up planting time, while combined harvester saves harvesting labor, post-harvest handling and accelerates harvesting process. Rice planting using jarwo transplanter requires 2 labors for planting rice in 7 hours covering a 1-hectare area. It is much more efficient than manual planting which requires 12 labors in 2 days for planting 1 hectares. Combine harvester reduced labor, as 2 people in 6 hours for harvesting 1 hectare of rice, compared to manual harvest which requires the 10 labors in 10 hours for 1 hectare. With labor and time efficiency, the agricultural machine was suggested to support synchronous cropping and harvesting of irrigated rice fields which in the end contributes to food sovereignty achievement.
Prediction of the velocity of air flow by dimensional analysis for drying application
Authors: Siswantoro  , Margiwiyatno A , Maryanto J
Published: February 2021

Drying is a process that is widely used in the food processing industry. There are several factors that influence during the drying process, one of which is the speed of air flow in the dryer unit. The air flow velocity inside drying unit can occur by forced airflow and natural airflow. Natural air flow is the flow of air created due to the difference in pressure caused by differences in temperature and air density, so there is no thrust by the blower. This study aims to estimate the natural airflow velocity in modeling system unit. This modeling system unit has a source of heat energy that can be used to adjust the room temperature level of the heat generator, and is equipped with a chimney that has an adjustable height and diameter. This research was conducted experimentally, through empirical mathematical model development using dimensional analysis. The variables measured include: heat generator room temperature (TS), system outside air temperature (TL), chimney diameter (d), chimney height (H), exhaust air flow velocity (V). The results of this study obtained mathematical model of airflow velocity. The mathematical model showed good agreement due to measurement results with average of errors was about 9%.
Analysis of consumers preferences of rambutan as a leading commodity in Langsa City
Authors: Alham F , Saragih F H
Published: February 2021

Rambutan is one of the exotic fruits that are spread throughout Indonesia. It is also one of the leading fruits and the second largest fruit product in Langsa City. The aim of this research is to identify the consumer preferences of rambutan fruit. The result can be used as a basis for farmers to produce fruits with the quality that consumers want so that the product absorption in the market can be increased which further can lead to the increasing of regional income. This research was conducted in Langsa City Market with total sample 60 consumers that were chosen through accidental sampling method. The analysis conducted using factor analysis method to see consumer preferences of rambutan fruit. The results showed that there were four aspects in consumers’ preferences in which the aspect of fruit appearance had the greatest diversity value which supported by the aroma and fruit maturity as the main consideration variables.
Evaluation of flushing efficiency at a sand trap: A case study of Pengasih Weir, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Pradipta A G , Nafisa G I , Murtiningrum  , Setyawan C , Arif S S
Published: February 2021

Sand trap is a part of the main building of irrigation system. Its function is to settle the sediment that is carried away from a river stream. Sand trap needs to be flushed periodically with an optimal and efficient mechanism. This research aimed to evaluate the flushing efficiency of the sand trap of the Pengasih Weir. The data consisted the bedload samples along the channel and the sand trap’s existing flushing mechanism data. The results showed that the most dominant grain of the bedload trap in Pengasih Weir was fine sand with a diameter between 0.075 and 0.425 mm of 77.2%. The bedload includes uniform and well-graded sediment because the Cu and Cc values were 2.751 (less than 5) and 1.027 (in the range 1 - 3), respectively. The flushing mechanism was divided into two stages. The first stage was the combination of 1.06 m/s flow velocity and 1.1 m flow depth, and the second stage was the combination of 1.59 m/s flow velocity and 0.35 m flow depth. Both two stages were efficient in flushing the sand trap of the Pengasih Weir, which apparent from all the bedload grains that were moved based on the concept of Shields.
Crop stage classification using supervised algorithm based on UAV and Landsat 8 image
Authors: Hardanto A , Ardiansyah  , Mustofa A
Published: February 2021

Irrigated area has been decreasing since last decade in Indonesia. Surface irrigation scheduling performed predominantly due to water limitation and plant heterogeneity. Plant type and growth phase relate to the performance of water delivery. The research objective is to compare land use classification (LUC) from Landsat 8 and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with supervised algorithm. Supervised method (i.e. minimum distance algorithm) was applied. The result showed six LUC from UAV, i.e.: vegetative stage of dry crop (39%), ripening stage of dry crop (23%), vegetative stage of paddy (15%), tillage (15%), bare land (7%), and paddy nursery (6%). On the other hand, five LUC were performed by Landsat 8 image, i.e.: vegetative stage of dry crop (10%), ripening stage of dry crop (17%), vegetative stage of paddy (5%), tillage area (62%), bare land (6%). UAV’s image source performed more detail and accurate than satellite image. Thus, supervised method appropriate for UAV image for crop stage classification in small irrigation district.
Evaluating farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices in managing inputs of corn farming in Majalengka
Authors: Saidah Z , Rachmawati E , Kusumo R A B
Published: February 2021

Majalengka is one of the corn-producing centers in West Java, but the average maize production is only 8.5 tons approximately, while the optimal corn production can reach 10-12.5 tons. This shows that the use of production inputs is still not optimal. This research was conducted using a structured questionnaire that given to 145 maize farmers to evaluate the knowledge, perceptions, and management practices of production inputs. Based on the research results, there were respondents who accept and reject the application of information on the application of production input. In addition, land area, number of seeds, use of urea fertilizer, and use of NPK had a significant effect on maize production in Majalengka. The results also showed that experience, input subsidies, and farmers’ knowledge had a positive and significant correlation with the use of inputs in maize farming. In addition, it is also seen that in the usage of inputs, farmers still referred to farming activities from generation to generation in their families and had not used standard maize farming needs yet. In addition, the use of production inputs was also strongly influenced by input prices and the availability of farmer capital.
Yield and benefits performance of tabasco pepper farming in Indonesia
Authors: Rouf A A , Munawaroh S , Rusliyadi M
Published: February 2021

Tabasco pepper is the third-largest horticultural commodity after shallots and cabbage cultivated by Indonesian farmers. This study aims to determine the efficiency of farming tabasco pepper, through the analysis of agricultural input-output data from 27 provinces of Indonesia using the revenue cost ratio method. The results showed that Java Island is the center of tabasco pepper production in Indonesia. The cultivation of tabasco pepper was efficient in the country, as illustrated in the value of RC Ratio> 1, which was between 1.12 (South Sumatra and Yogyakarta)-3.69 (NTT) with an average value of 1.77. The average benefit level reached by farmers was IDR 32,483,363/ha/season. Furthermore, the maximum benefit was IDR 88,847,100 ha/season while the minimum was IDR 7,805,500/ha/season. The average productivity of tabasco pepper was 3,084 kg/ha, with the highest yield in West Java being 6,423 kg/ha. However, the lowest was Gorontalo at 1,210 kg/ha. The average selling price at the farm level was IDR 27,005/kg, while the highest in West Papua was IDR 46,266/kg, and the lowest in South Sulawesi was IDR 14,824/kg. Therefore, tabasco pepper farmers have an opportunity to increase profits by IDR 56,363,737/ha/season and productivity by 3,339 kg/ha.