bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SoundScape learning: An automatic method for separating fish chorus in marine soundscapes
Authors: Kim Ella B. , Frasier Kaitlin E. , McKenna Megan F. , Kok Annebelle C. M. , Peavey Reeves Lindsey E. , Oestreich William K. , Arrieta Gabrielle , Wiggins Sean , Baumann-Pickering Simone
Published: March 2023

Marine soundscapes provide the opportunity to non-invasively learn about, monitor, and conserve ecosystems. Some fishes produce sound in chorus, often in association with mating, and there is much to learn about fish choruses and the species producing them. Manually analyzing years of acoustic data is increasingly unfeasible, and is especially challenging with fish chorus, as multiple fish choruses can co-occur in time and frequency and can overlap with vessel noise and other transient sounds. This study proposes an unsupervised automated method, called SoundScape Learning (SSL), to separate fish chorus from soundscape using an integrated technique that makes use of randomized robust principal component analysis (RRPCA), unsupervised clustering, and a neural network. SSL was applied to 14 recording locations off southern and central California and was able to detect a single fish chorus of interest in 5.3 yrs of acoustically diverse soundscapes. Through application of SSL, the chorus of interest was found to be nocturnal, increased in intensity at sunset and sunrise, and was seasonally present from late Spring to late Fall. Further application of SSL will improve understanding of fish behavior, essential habitat, species distribution, and potential human and climate change impacts, and thus allow for protection of vulnerable fish species.
Middle ear muscle and medial olivocochlear activity inferred from individual human ears via cochlear potentials
Authors: Jennings Skyler G. , Aviles Elizabeth Sarai
Published: March 2023

The peripheral auditory system is influenced by the medial olivocochlear (MOC) and middle ear muscle (MEM) reflexes. When elicited by contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS), these reflexes reduce cochlear amplification (MOC reflex) and limit low-frequency transmission through the middle ear (MEM reflex). The independent roles of these reflexes on auditory physiology and perception are difficult to distinguish. The amplitude of the cochlear microphonic (CM) is expected to increase or decrease when the MOC and MEM reflexes are elicited by CAS, respectively, which could lead to a straightforward interpretation of what reflex is dominant for a given CAS level. CM and ear canal sound pressure level (SPL) were measured for a 500 Hz, 90 dB SPL probe in the presence of contralateral broadband noise (CBBN) for levels ranging from 45–75 dB SPL. In most subjects, CM amplitude increased for CBBN levels of 45 and 55 dB SPL, while no change in ear canal SPL was observed, consistent with eliciting the MOC reflex. Conversely, CM amplitude decreased, and ear canal SPL increased in the presence of 65 and 75 dB SPL CBBN, consistent with eliciting the MEM reflex. A CM-based test of the MOC reflex may facilitate detection of MEM effects and the assessment of adults with cochlear hearing loss.
Effect of polydispersity and bubble clustering on the steady shear viscosity of semidilute bubble suspensions in Newtonian media
Authors: Mitrou Stamatina , Migliozzi Simona , Angeli Panagiota , Mazzei Luca
Published: March 2023

In this work, we examine the steady shear rheology of semidilute polydisperse bubble suspensions to elucidate the role of polydispersity on the viscosity of these systems. We prove theoretically that the effect of polydispersity on suspension viscosity becomes apparent only if the bubble size distribution is bimodal, with very small and very large bubbles having similar volume fractions. In any other case, we can consider the polydisperse suspension as monodisperse, with the average bubble diameter equal to the De Brouckere mean diameter (d43). To confirm the theoretical results, we carried out steady shear rheological tests. Our measurements revealed an unexpected double power-law decay of the suspension relative viscosity at average capillary numbers between 0.01 and 1. To investigate this behavior further, we visualized the produced bubble suspensions under shear. The visualization experiments revealed that bubbles started forming clusters and threads at an average capillary number around 0.01, where we observed the first decay of viscosity. Clustering and alignment have been associated with shear-thinning behavior in particle suspensions. We believe that the same holds for bubble suspensions, where bubble clusters and threads align with the imposed shear flow, reducing the streamline distortions and, in turn, resulting in a decrease in the suspension viscosity. Consequently, we can attribute the first decay of the relative viscosity to the formation of bubble clusters and threads, proving that the novel shear-thinning behavior we observed is due to a combination of bubble clustering and deformation.
Structural basis of plp2-mediated cytoskeletal protein folding by TRiC/CCT
Authors: Han Wenyu , Jin Mingliang , Liu Caixuan , Zhao Qiaoyu , Wang Shutian , Wang Yifan , Yin Yue , Peng Chao , Wang Yanxing , Cong Yao
Published: March 2023

The cytoskeletal proteins tubulin and actin are the obligate substrates of TCP-1 ring complex/Chaperonin containing TCP-1 (TRiC/CCT), and their folding involves co-chaperone. Through cryo–electron microscopy analysis, we present a more complete picture of TRiC-assisted tubulin/actin folding along TRiC adenosine triphosphatase cycle, under the coordination of co-chaperone plp2. In the open S1/S2 states, plp2 and tubulin/actin engaged within opposite TRiC chambers. Notably, we captured an unprecedented TRiC-plp2-tubulin complex in the closed S3 state, engaged with a folded full-length
β
-tubulin and loaded with a guanosine triphosphate, and a plp2 occupying opposite rings. Another closed S4 state revealed an actin in the intermediate folding state and a plp2. Accompanying TRiC ring closure, plp2 translocation could coordinate substrate translocation on the CCT6 hemisphere, facilitating substrate stabilization and folding. Our findings reveal the folding mechanism of the major cytoskeletal proteins tubulin/actin under the coordination of the biogenesis machinery TRiC and plp2 and extend our understanding of the links between cytoskeletal proteostasis and related human diseases.
A hotspot for posttranslational modifications on the androgen receptor dimer interface drives pathology and anti-androgen resistance
Authors: Alegre-Martí Andrea , Jiménez-Panizo Alba , Martínez-Tébar Adrián , Poulard Coralie , Peralta-Moreno M. Núria , Abella Montserrat , Antón Rosa , Chiñas Marcos , Eckhard Ulrich , Piulats Josep M. , Rojas Ana M. , Fernández-Recio Juan , Rubio-Martínez Jaime , Le Romancer Muriel , Aytes Álvaro , Fuentes-Prior Pablo , Estébanez-Perpiñá Eva
Published: March 2023

Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) associated with prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndrome may profoundly influence its structure, protein interaction network, and binding to chromatin, resulting in altered transcription signatures and drug responses. Current structural information fails to explain the effect of pathological mutations on AR structure–function relationship. Here, we have thoroughly studied the effects of selected mutations that span the complete dimer interface of AR ligand–binding domain (AR-LBD) using x-ray crystallography in combination with in vitro, in silico, and cell-based assays. We show that these variants alter AR-dependent transcription and responses to anti-androgens by inducing a previously undescribed allosteric switch in the AR-LBD that increases exposure of a major methylation target, Arg
761
. We also corroborate the relevance of residues Arg
761
and Tyr
764
for AR dimerization and function. Together, our results reveal allosteric coupling of AR dimerization and posttranslational modifications as a disease mechanism with implications for precision medicine.
A catalytic enantioselective stereodivergent aldol reaction
Authors: Rahman Md. Ataur , Cellnik Torsten , Ahuja Brij Bhushan , Li Liang , Healy Alan R.
Published: March 2023

The aldol reaction is among the most powerful and strategically important carbon–carbon bond–forming transformations in organic chemistry. The importance of the aldol reaction in constructing chiral building blocks for complex small-molecule synthesis has spurred continuous efforts toward the development of direct catalytic variants. The realization of a general catalytic aldol reaction with control over both the relative and absolute configurations of the newly formed stereogenic centers has been a longstanding goal in the field. Here, we report a decarboxylative aldol reaction that provides access to all four possible stereoisomers of the aldol product in one step from identical reactants. The mild reaction can be carried out on a large scale in an open flask, and generates CO
2
as the only by-product. The method tolerates a broad substrate scope and generates chiral β-hydroxy thioester products with substantial downstream utility.
Model-Informed Clinical Practice - Determining an Appropriate Ampicillin-Sulbactam Redosing Regimen in Surgical Patients by Utilizing Population Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment Analysis
Authors: Reeder Joshua A. , O’Sullivan Cormac T. , Xu Min , Wu Nan , Ince Dilek , Rogers William K. , An Guohua
Published: March 2023

In the current study, population pharmacokinetic (PK) of ampicillin-sulbactam was performed based on the clinical pharmacokinetics data collected from a prospective study conducted in 40 surgical patients undergoing prolonged surgery where antibiotic redosing was implemented. A population PK model was successfully developed to characterize the disposition of ampicillin and sulbactam.
Immune Response Modulation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Persister Cells
Authors: Hastings Cody James , Himmler Grace Elizabeth , Patel Arpeet , Marques Cláudia Nogueira Hora
Published: March 2023

Bacterial cells have a subpopulation—persister cells—that have a low metabolism. Persister cells survive antimicrobial treatment and can regrow to cause chronic and recurrent infections.
Whole-Genome Sequence and Assembly of Eight Africa Horse Sickness Virus Strains Collected in Namibia and South Africa
Authors: Serroni Anna , Traini Sara , Iorio Mariangela , Mangone Iolanda , Di Gialleonardo Luigina , Molini Umberto , Khaiseb Siegfried , Mercante Maria Teresa , Di Ventura Mauro , Caporale Marco
Published: March 2023

In this report, we describe eight complete genome sequences of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) strains belonging to four different serotypes, namely, AHSV-5, AHSV-6, AHSV-8, and AHSV-9. Samples were collected in Namibia and South Africa from infected horses between 2000 and 2011.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Poison Ivy Vine (Toxicodendron radicans)
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Penix Trevor S. , Wengert Peter C. , Wong Narayan H. , Hudson André O. , Kumar Girish , Savka Michael A.
Published: March 2023

Here, we report the genome assemblies of 11 endophytic bacteria, isolated from poison ivy vine (
Toxicodendron radicans
). Five species belonging to the genus
Pseudomonas
, two species of
Curtobacterium
, one strain of
Pantoea agglomerans
, and one species from the
Bacillus
,
Cellulomonas
, and
Enterobacter
genera were isolated from the interior tissue of poison ivy.
Unraveling the Gene Regulatory Networks of the Global Regulators VeA and LaeA in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Moon Heungyun , Lee Mi-Kyung , Bok Ilhan , Bok Jin Woo , Keller Nancy P. , Yu Jae-Hyuk
Published: March 2023

Fungal development and metabolism are genetically programmed events involving specialized cellular differentiation, cellular communication, and temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression. In genus
Aspergillus
, the global regulators VeA and LaeA govern developmental and metabolic processes by affecting the expression of downstream genes, including multiple transcription factors and signaling elements.
Paecilomycone Inhibits Quorum Sensing in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Beenker Wouter A. G. , Hoeksma Jelmer , Bannier-Hélaouët Marie , Clevers Hans , den Hertog Jeroen
Published: March 2023

Antibiotics are becoming less effective against bacterial infections due to the evolution of resistance among bacteria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes major health care concerns and is difficult to treat due to its high intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, new targets are needed, and an interesting approach is to target quorum sensing (QS).
The garnet effect on hafnium isotope compositions of granitoids during crustal anatexis
Authors: Chen Long , Yakymchuk Chris , Zhao Kai , Zhao Zifu , Li Dongyong , Gao Peng , Chen Yixiang , Sun Guochao , Liu Zhibin
Published: March 2023

Radiogenic Hf isotope disequilibrium during crustal anatexis complicates petrogenetic studies that link sources to sinks in granitoid systems and hinders the applications of Hf isotopes to evaluating long-term crustal growth and evolution. Garnet can be a dominant host of radiogenic Hf in crustal rocks, and its behavior in granitoid sources may play a crucial role in isotopic decoupling between residue and melt. We document covariation between (Gd/Lu)N ratios and εHf(t) in post-collisional granitoids from the Dabie orogen (central China). This covariation reflects different garnet modal contents in the residue during anatexis. Quantitative modeling further confirms the dominant role of mixing between melts derived from garnet-rich and garnet-poor residua in producing the observed covariation patterns, but results are inconsistent with the entrainment of garnet rich in radiogenic Hf in the melt. Our results demonstrate that the garnet effect on Hf isotope ratios during crustal anatexis is a crucial factor in elucidating the granitoid source and complicates interpretations of crustal growth from the global zircon archive.
Cold-water habitats, climate refugia, and their utility for conserving salmonid fishes
Authors: Isaak Daniel J. , Young Michael K.
Published: March 2023

Anthropogenic climate change is warming global temperatures, with significant implications for salmonid fishes that depend on the availability of cold water during one or more life stages. Along the southern range extents of many species, and elsewhere that warm temperatures are increasingly problematic, identification and protection or restoration of habitats that may serve as climate refugia where local populations can persist is emerging as an important conservation tactic. In this perspective piece, we address the concept and utility of climate refugia—drawing a distinction with the more commonly considered thermal refuges—describe technological advances that enable accurate temperature mapping and species distribution modeling in lotic environments, and outline key uncertainties and opportunities to chart a constructive path forward on a topic that will continue to grow in importance. Identifying climate refugia is not a panacea for salmonid conservation, but we argue that there are tangible benefits to doing so, not the least of which are the options it affords for thinking and acting strategically within the context of a changing climate this century.
In-beam $$\gamma $$-ray spectroscopy of $$^{94}$$Ag
Authors: Pereira-López X. , Bentley M. A. , Wadsworth R. , Ruotsalainen P. , Lenzi S. M. , Forsberg U. , Auranen K. , Blazhev A. , Cederwall B. , Grahn T. , Greenlees P. , Illana A. , Jenkins D. G. , Julin R. , Jutila H. , Juutinen S. , Liu X. , Llewelyn R. , Luoma M. , Moschner K. , Müller-Gatermann C. , Singh B. S. Nara , Nowacki F. , Ojala J. , Pakarinen J. , Papadakis P. , Rahkila P. , Romero J. , Sandzelius M. , Sarén J. , Tann H. , Uthayakumaar S. , Uusitalo J. , Vega-Romero J. G. , Vilhena J. M. , Yajzey R. , Zhang W. , Zimba G.
Published: March 2023

A recoil-beta-tagging experiment has been performed to study the excited $$T=0$$

T
=
0

and $$T=1$$

T
=
1

states in the odd–odd $$N=Z$$

N
=
Z

nucleus $$^{94}$$

94

Ag, populated via the $$^{40}$$

40

Ca($$^{58}$$

58

Ni,1p3n)$$^{94}$$

94

Ag reaction. The experiment was conducted using the MARA recoil separator and JUROGAM3 array at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. Through correlating fast, high-energy beta decays at the MARA focal plane with prompt $$\gamma $$
γ
rays emitted at the reaction target, a number of transitions between excited states in $$^{94}$$

94

Ag have been identified. The timing characteristics of these transitions confirm that they fall within decay sequences that feed the short-lived $$T=1$$

T
=
1

ground state of $$^{94}$$

94

Ag. The transitions are proposed to proceed within and between the sets of states with $$T=0$$

T
=
0

and $$T=1$$

T
=
1

. Possible correspondence between some of these transitions from analog states in $$^{94}$$

94

Pd has been discussed, and shell-model calculations including multipole and monopole electromagnetic effects have been presented, in order to enable predictions of the decay patterns between the $$T=0$$

T
=
0

and $$T=1$$

T
=
1

states and to allow a theoretical set of Coulomb energy differences to be calculated for the $$A = 94$$

A
=
94

$$T=1$$

T
=
1

analog states.
Optical analog to coherent population return in coupled nonlinear waveguides
Authors: Naim Nida , Deng Li , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the optical analog to coherent population return (CPR) in coupled nonlinear waveguides. The nonlinearity sometimes plays a negative role in classical simulations of quantum adiabatic passages in waveguides. Nevertheless, it is interesting to note that the nonlinearity here helps simulating the adiabatic CPR technique. The CPR can still occur when the detuning (difference of the propagation constants) between the two nonlinear waveguides is moderate, which is a typical requirement of the technique. Moreover, the adiabatic process can appear when the detuning is small or zero. This is done by simply adjusting the incident light power, which is easy and of high accuracy compared with modulating the propagation constants. Therefore, the requirements towards the propagation constants of the waveguides are further relaxed in the nonlinear case. Finally, we point out that the CPR in nonlinear waveguides can be extended to design achromatic beam splitters.
A HYBRID NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE FOR SOLVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL SECOND-ORDER PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: ASIF MUHAMMAD , AMIN ROHUL , HAIDER NADEEM , KHAN IMRAN , AL-MDALLAL QASEM M. , SAID SALEM BEN
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a hybrid approach is presented for the numerical solution of three-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations. This new approach is applicable to both linear and nonlinear parabolic problems including systems. This hybrid numerical technique is based on the Haar wavelet collocation technique and the finite difference method. In this technique, the space derivative is approximated by truncated Haar wavelet series whereas the time derivative is approximated by finite difference method. The aforementioned proposed algorithms are very simple and can easily be implemented in any computer-oriented language efficiently. In order to demonstrate the efficiency and better accuracy of the newly developed numerical technique it is applied to some well-known examples from previous literature that comprises linear and nonlinear three-dimensional parabolic equations including systems. The obtained results affirm better accuracy and widespread applicability of the newly proposed numerical technique for a range of benchmark problems.
Activated Carbon Supported Ni-Co Layered Double Hydroxides Nanowires: An Effective and Low-Cost Electrocatalyst for Ethanol Electro-Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Baruah Sarmistha , Kumar Akshai , Peela Nageswara Rao
Published: March 2023

Developing nanostructured electrocatalysts by utilizing low-cost, non-noble metals with good activity and stability to replace noble metals such as Pt and Pd has gained significant interest in the area of sustainable energy production technologies. To that effect, we adopted a facile synthesis route to synthesize NiCo-LDH (layered double hydroxides) nanowires with activated carbon (AC) as support using a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method. The role of AC on the activity of NiCo-LDH catalyst was studied. The activity of the electrocatalysts was characterized using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. The NiCo-LDH/AC, with Ni:Co molar ratio of 1:2, exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity of 12.5 mA cm−2at 1.1 V vs SCE (saturated calomel electrode) at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1and retained a remarkable cyclic stability of 74.4% even after 200 cycles in 0.1 M NaOH and 1 M EtOH. The better electrocatalytic activity of NiCo-LDH/AC catalyst can be ascribed to the presence of extremely active sites and porous structures as well as a good electron transfer conductivity of AC. The facile synthesis of NiCo-LDH/AC and its attractive performance highlights its potential application as an anodic electrocatalyst in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs).
Strategy to Improve Electrochemical Performance and Durability of Positrodes for Protonic Ceramic Cells by Surface Decoration via Infiltration
Authors: Guo Shihang , Li Yifeng , Han Donglin
Published: March 2023

Due to the large polarization resistance (R
p) of positrodes (namely, air/steam electrodes), it is vital to develop high-performance and cost-effective positrodes to improve the performance of protonic ceramic cells (PCCs). In this work, we report a La1.2Sr0.8NiO4+δ
(LS8N) positrode decorated with (La,Sr)CoO3-δ
(LSC) nanoparticles by infiltrating Co(NO3)2 solution. R
p of a bare electrode was 4.22 Ωcm2 at 600 °C, and reduced by almost ten times to 0.49 Ωcm2 by infiltrating with a 0.2 molL−1 Co(NO3)2 solution. Furthermore, although R
p of the bare electrode increased after a durability test by exposing to Ar—20% O2–3% H2O at 600 °C for 100 h, R
p of the infiltrated electrode further decreased after the durability test. For example, R
p of the electrode infiltrated with 0.2 molL−1 Co(NO3)2 solution reduced to 0.37 Ωcm2, which is attributed to the enhancement of the LSC/LS8N interface. The good electrochemical performance and durability of the positrodes with LSC/LS8N heterogeneous interface, which can be optimized by controlling the parameters for the infiltration process, suggest a potential strategy for designing excellent positrodes for PCCs.
Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Out-of-Home Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shannon Jaylene , Wilson Nathan J. , Blythe Stacy
Published: March 2023

Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities are often over-represented in child protection and out-of-home care services. Despite this fact, little is known or understood about their experiences with these services. This scoping review seeks to identify the published literature about children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who are engaged with child protection and out-of-home care services. Findings from the 18 studies included in this review show that these children are at increased risk of entering the child protection and out-of-home care system, with outcomes that do not fare as favourably as their nondisabled peers. This is largely due to a lack of support, training, and resources for the children, their families, and carers. Placement failure was a common theme with residential care more likely for children with greater complexity and support needs. These children are understudied, with more research needed to better understand the factors that contribute to their experiences. Greater insights into how a child protection and out-of-home care pathway can be avoided, via the provision of adequate services and supports, are also urgently needed so that fewer children are placed at risk in a system where poor outcomes are common.
Diagnostic Role of Tau Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thapa Sangharsha , Bhattarai Abhinav , Shah Sangam , Chand Swati , Bagherieh Sara , Mirmosayyeb Omid , Mishra Shyam Kumar
Published: March 2023

Background. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks reliable diagnostic biomarkers. The meta-analysis is performed with an aim to evaluate the diagnostic potential of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and their ratio in ALS patients. Methods. A comprehensive search for literature published between the 1st of January 2000 and the 15th of May 2022 was performed in databases PubMed, medRxiv, and Google Scholar. The retrieved articles were first screened by title and abstract, and later, full-text screening was performed based on the eligibility criteria. Data on p-tau and t-tau levels and p-tau/t-tau ratio in ALS patients and controls were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models in Review Manager version 5.4. Results. Data were analyzed from seven studies reporting p-tau and t-tau levels and their ratio among ALS patients and controls. The number of total study participants was 1,100. In ALS patients, the levels of p-tau didn’t differ significantly with controls (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.14 (95% CI: -0.41 to 0.70);

p
=
0.61

). In contrast, there were significantly elevated levels of t-tau and significantly lowered p-tau/t-tau ratio in ALS (SMD: 1.76 (95% CI: 0.53 to 2.98);

p
=
0.005

and SMD: -3.09 (95% CI: -5.33 to -0.86);

p
=
0.007

, respectively). Conclusion. Our meta-analysis study supports the role of core CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration: t-tau and p-tau/t-tau ratio as a diagnostic biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study found that t-tau is elevated while p-tau/t-tau ratio is lowered in ALS.
Existence and Nonexistence for Boundary Problem Involving the p-Biharmonic Operator and Singular Nonlinearities
Authors: Ould El Mokhtar Mohammed El Mokhtar
Published: March 2023

This article concerns the existence and the nonexistence of solution for the following boundary problem involving the p-biharmonic operator and singular nonlinearities,

 

Δ

p

2

u
=

u

γ
−
1

u
+
μ

u

−
1
−
α

/

x

β

u

 
in
 
Ω

and

u
=
∂
u
/
∂
n
=
0
 
on
 
∂
Ω
,

where

4
<
2
p
<
N
,
0
∈

Ω
,
 
−
∞
<
μ
<

μ

∗

,

=

N
−
2
p

1
−
α

/
p
N
,
p
<
γ
<

p

∗

=
p
N
/
N
−
2
p
 

is the critical Sobolev exponent,

 
0
≤
β
<
N

γ
+
α

/

γ
+
1

,
 
0
<
α
<
1

. Under some sufficient conditions on coefficients, we prove the existence of at least one nontrivial solutions in

E

by using variational methods. By using the Pohozaev identity type, we show the nonexistence of positive solution when

Ω
⊂

ℝ

N

be a bounded, smoothandstrictlystar-shapeddomain,

β
=
0
 
and
 
γ
≥

γ

∗

,
=
pN

1
−
α

/

N
−
2
p

1
−
α

−
μ
Np
>

p

∗

=
pN
/
N
−
2
p

.
Effects of Increasing Indoor Negative Air Ions on Cognitive Performance and Health of High Pure CO2 Level-Exposed College Students
Authors: Guo Miao , Yu Wei , Sun Yuqi , Wang Lexiang , Zhou Haixia , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2023

Cognitive performance is essential to foster learning. High CO2 concentrations are common in classrooms and can lead to reduced cognitive performance. Negative air ions (NAIs) can improve cognitive performance. This study explored the effects of indoor NAIs on the cognitive performance and health of college students exposed to a high pure CO2 environment. Forty college students were exposed to four sets of conditions (NAIs+500 ppm CO2, 500 ppm CO2, NAIs+2500 ppm CO2, and 2500 ppm CO2). Participants’ cognitive performance, including reasoning, short-term memory, concentration, and verbal ability, was assessed under each condition using the Cambridge Brain Sciences tool. Acute health symptoms were investigated using a subjective questionnaire, and simultaneously, participants’ blood pressure, heart rate, and lung function were tested. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a repeated-measures design was used to analyze the effects of different conditions on cognitive performance and health symptoms. The results revealed that the different levels of CO2 and NAIs had a significant effect on cognitive performance after one hour of exposure and had no significant effect after three hours of exposure. Compared with 500 ppm CO2, 500 ppm CO2+NAIs resulted in better reasoning skills, short-term memory, and verbal skills, and 2500 ppm CO2 led to poorer reasoning skills. The addition of NAIs to 2500 ppm CO2 improved reasoning skills, short-term memory, and verbal skills. The benefits of adding NAIs to high pure CO2 condition on cognitive performance are more noticeable than those to low CO2 condition. Moreover, adding NAIs can reduce nasal irritation or dryness, skin irritation or dryness, sleepiness symptoms, and heart rate elevation caused by pure CO2. However, the benefits of NAIs on health symptoms and physiology were not observed under the 500 ppm CO2 condition. Adding NAIs to a high pure CO2 level is an effective means to improve the cognitive performance and health of college students.
Physicochemical Conditions of the Devonian-Jurassic Continental Deep Biosphere Tracked by Carbonate Clumped Isotope Temperatures of Granite-Hosted Carbonate Veins
Authors: Herlambang Adhipa , John Cédric M. , Drake Henrik
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have shown that microorganisms thrive in oligotrophic fracture systems, and metabolisms include consumption and production of methane. In the Laxemar, Götemar, and Forsmark areas of Sweden, ancient microbial activity has previously been demonstrated by large δ13CVPDB variability of carbonate vein infillings within granitic host rocks. Here, we apply carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to reconstruct the temperature of precipitation of the carbonate within these veins. The carbonate clumped isotope temperatures indicate that mineralization took place between 46°C and 108°C, in line with previously published fluid inclusion data (<50°C to 113°C). The new carbonate clumped isotope data more accurately narrows temperatures at the lower end of this range as fluid inclusions are not easily applicable below 80°C, a temperature regime of high importance for paleobiological reconstructions. Our results demonstrate that large volumes of biogenic carbonate cement were formed from low-temperature microbial processes in low-salinity water, succeeding calcite of deep brine origin. The known burial and thermal history of the region combined with our carbonate clumped isotope data place the microbial activity at the end of the Variscan orogeny and later events (e.g., Jurassic). Thus, carbonate clumped isotope thermometry reduces uncertainties in deep biosphere studies by providing more accurate temperature constraints in the low-temperature regime, the biogenic processes, and the origin of the diagenetic fluids.
Clinical Characteristics and Sensitization Profile of Patients Allergic to Cow Epithelium
Authors: González Guzmán Luis Alfredo , Núñez Orjales Ramón , Boquete Paris Manuel , Pastor-Vargas Carlos , Bartolome Borja , González Francisco Carballada
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Cow epithelium allergy (CEA) has been described in workers highly exposed to cattle, such as farmers and veterinarians, being a health problem in this population since it is their main livelihood. This study aimed to characterize the main clinical manifestations and define the sensitization profile of the cow epithelium-allergic population treated in our health area. Methods: This is a retrospective study including a total of 34 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CEA, confirmed by skin tests, bovine epithelium-specific IgE levels and allergen-specific conjunctival challenge test in some cases. They were distributed by age, sex, profession, clinical symptoms, specific IgE levels to other mammalian epithelia, pollens, mites, and foods. Immunoblotting was performed with extracts from cow dander, cow body fluids (urine and saliva), bull urine, and 17 sera from immunotherapy-untreated CEA patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 44 years, with a higher incidence in cattle farmers. Rhinoconjunctivitis occurred in 100% of cases, with 35% having monosensitization to cow epithelium. Sera from most patients detected a 20-kDa IgE-binding band in cow dander, cow saliva, cow urine, and bull urine, corresponding to the major allergen Bos d 2 (bovine lipocalin). In 70% of the patients, a 25-kDa band was detected in cow and bull urine extracts, whose identification by mass spectrometry and investigation with protein databases led to the identification of a Bos taurus lipocalin (UniProt protein ID: A0A3Q1LGU7_BOVIN). Conclusion: CEA should be considered in patients exposed to cattle and as a cause of occupational disease. The IgE immunodetection revealed sensitization to a protein present in cow and bull urine (odorant-binding protein) not previously described.
Parkinson’s Disease as a Risk Factor for Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Molecular Point of View
Authors: Liu tingting , Yang Zhengjia , Liu Shufen , Wei jianshe
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Cancer and neurodegeneration are two major leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide. Neurodegeneration results in excessive neuronal cell death, and cancer emerges from increased proliferation and resistance to cell death. Although most epidemiological studies support an inverse association between the risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, increasing evidence points to a positive correlation between specific types of cancer, like prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD), and neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: PD and PRAD differential genes were screened through the GEO database, and the differential genes were analyzed using David, String, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TIMER2.0, proteinatlas, cBioPortal, and CTD databases to elucidate the biological function and molecular mechanism of PD and PRAD-related genes. Results: Studies have shown that the hub gene and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PD were differentially expressed in PRAD, including CDC20, HSPA4L, ROBO1, DMKN, IFI27L2, LUZP2, PTN, PTGDS. In PRAD, the high expression of HSPA4L, ROBO1, DMKN, IFI27L2, PTN, and PTGDS genes was associated with longer survival, while the patients with low expression of CDC20 and LUZP2 genes had longer survival. The mRNA of CDC20 and LUZP2 were highly expressed, while the mRNAs of HSPA4L, ROBO1, DMKN, IFI27L2, and PTGDS were low expressed. Gene methylation did not affect the survival of patients. The high expression of miR-142, miR-186, miR-30a, miR-497, miR-590, miR-28, and miR-576 in microRNA (miRNA) might potentially be used as biomarkers for the progression of PD and PRAD and for the early diagnosis of PD and PRAD in the populations. The genes in this study were highly associated with B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Somatic mutation mainly focused on missense mutation. Therapeutic drugs included acetaminophen and valproic acid (VPA). Conclusion: Bioinformatics was used to identify potential targets and novel molecular mechanisms that may serve as clinical markers for the diagnosis and treatment of PD and PRAD.
Phasor measurement unit application-based fault allocation and fault classification
Authors: Bairwa Sonu Kumar , Singh Satyendra Pratap
Published: March 2023

This paper makes a contribution to the field of fault location finding in a new way that helps in the improvement of grid reliability. This paper proposes a study-based approach for fault allocation and fault type classification that uses the study of voltage and current frequency during the abnormal condition. Although, ideally frequency of voltage and current are the same in the abnormal condition they may differ from each other. This difference in frequency is separately measured by the phasor measurement unit (PMU) block at MATLAB/Simulink platform. The PMU (PLL-based, positive-sequence) block is inspired by the IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011. In this approach, we measure the line voltage and current frequency variation with the help of installed PMU after this we present this measurement in characteristics form with the help of the scoping tool in MATLAB/Simulink and study them one by one, and proposed a conclusion for fault location identification and fault type classification. The proposed approach is able to identify the source side and load side fault location and also able to classify faults into two categories namely symmetrical and asymmetrical. The proposed approach is tested on two MATLAB/Simulink models and observed satisfactory.
Beckett’s Spectral Presences
Authors: Morin Emilie
Published: March 2023

Spectrality remains a key motif and metaphor in Beckett’s writing; many of his wandering and destitute creations seem on their way towards another kind of life, uncomfortably close to death, and remarkably close to the spirit world. This article outlines some of the paradoxes that surround Beckett’s relation to the ghost as a dramatic device; it emphasises how uneasily Beckett’s work sits within the tradition of the ghost play, and unravels some of the preoccupations and interests shaping Beckett’s treatment of dialogues with the dead.
‘Kill Two Million of Them’: Institutionalised Hate Speech, Impunity and 21st Century Atrocities in India
Authors: Jacob Cecilia , Kanth Mujeeb
Published: March 2023

Hate speech and incitement have been instrumental in atrocity crimes that have occurred in India, even prior to its independence. These atrocities include targeted killings of minorities based on religious and ethnic identity, and demonstrate persistent features of systematic, orchestrated violence that is fuelled by a Hindu nationalist ideology. This ideology is routinely promulgated at the highest levels of political leadership. This article traces both the historical and institutional character of hate speech and incitement in India to understand its repeated manifestation over time. Through case studies of recent violence, it considers the implications of new legal developments, technology and the covid-19 pandemic on the character and dynamic of hate speech, incitement and atrocity violence in India. It considers key reforms and areas for accountability on which the international community could engage the government and civil society in India on the issue of hate speech and incitement to promote atrocity prevention at the domestic level.
“The Sun is Shining in Salameh”: An American Communist Observes the Nakba
Authors: Polley Gabriel
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the writing of A.B. Magil, a journalist for the Communist Party of the USA. In Palestine in 1948, he witnessed the birth of the State of Israel and, correspondingly, the creation of the Palestinian refugee crisis. Magil had unfettered access to Jewish military commanders who later joined Israel’s political elite, but also to Palestinian prisoners of war and Communist politicians. He reported from recently ethnically cleansed towns and villages without seeming to recognise the enormity of what had taken place. A close study of Magil’s coverage throw into relief subsequent shifts in the Western left’s understandings of imperialism, (settler-)colonialism and resistance. After returning to the US, he continued his commentary on the Middle East, his later writings revealing how leftist sympathies for Israel were tested throughout the 1950s, including by the Suez Crisis, though without a re-evaluation of the circumstances of Israel’s creation.
New Earthworm Record from Division Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan Supported by Molecular Markers
Authors: MUSTAFA ROZINA GHULAM , ANDLEEB SAIQA , DOMÍNGUEZ JORGE , ABBASI WAJID ARSHAD , ALI SHAUKAT , MARCHÁN DANIEL FERNÁNDEZ
Published: March 2023

Earthworm diversity and ecology in Pakistan is poorly known, especially in the region of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. An earthworm community survey assisted by genetic barcoding detected an unidentified species which could constitute a new record for Pakistan. Morphological study revealed its identity as Perelia kaznakovi. Additionally, Bayesian phylogenetic inference based on five mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers was performed. Results provided a phylogenetic placement of the genus Perelia within Lumbricidae for the first time, indicating a close relationship with Eophila. This approach should be implemented to Perelia arnoldiana and further representatives of the genus in order to understand their biogeography, diversity and evolutionary history.
A revision of the Metaphire peguana species-group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN TUNG T. , LAM DANG H. , NGUYEN ANH D.
Published: March 2023

The Metaphire peguana species-group was revised from the earthworm fauna of Vietnam. As a result, a total of seven species/subspecies have been assigned to this species-gro+up, namely M. peguana peguana (Rosa, 1890), M. peguana laisonensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2017, M. bahli (Gates, 1945), M. doiphamon Bantaowong & Panha, 2016, M. dorsomultitheca Nguyen & Nguyen, 2015, M. kiengiangensis Nguyen & Trinh, 2015, and M. nhuongi Nguyen, 2016. The species, M. pacseana (Thai & Samphon, 1988) was removed from the group. The species-group was diagnosed by having spermathecal pores in 6/7/8/9, sometimes 5/6/7/8/9 or 7/8/9; bithecate or polythecate; genital markings paired in 17/18 and 18/19 or in xvii and xix; accessory glands paired, coelomic, strongly covered by muscular-walled bursae; septum 10/11 only present ventrally; and intestinal caeca simple. The K2P genetic distances between the group members varies from 12.9% to 20.7%. The phylogenetic analysis clearly supports the members of this species-group.
A new species of Proandricus Plisko, 1992 (Clitellata, Microchaetidae) from a South African grassland
Authors: NXELE THEMBEKA C.
Published: March 2023

The continued reduction of suitable natural habitats threatens the existence of earthworms. A project that document earthworm species in areas previously open to the public is ongoing in KwaZulu-Natal. The public areas have been less surveyed for earthworms and a recent survey resulted in the collection of a new species of Proandricus Plisko, 1992. The new species is morphologically close to Proandricus warreni (Michaelsen, 1913), and belongs to one of the eight species groups of Proandricus, the P. warreni group. The difference is in the position of clitellum, number and shape of spermathecae and seminal vesicles. The current distribution of Proandricus bongani sp.n. is limited to Drummond area in KwaZulu-Natal and this is generally the case in the warreni group with the exception of P. warreni that has been collected in more than one locality. The known localities of P. warreni species group are mapped. Indigenous species may live in open access spaces provided there is some pockets of suitable habitat remaining for them.
Earthworms of Belarus (Annelida: Megadrili)
Authors: SHEKHOVTSOV SERGEI V. , DERZHINSKY YEVGENIY A. , ERMOLOV SERGEI A. , KIM-KASHMENSKAYA MARIA N. , POLUBOYAROVA TATIANA V. , KOTSUR VLADIMIR M. , GOLOVANOVA ELENA V.
Published: March 2023

A survey of the earthworm fauna of Belarus that included most of its territory was performed in this study. One genus, three species and one subspecies were reported for the first time. The fauna of Belarus thus comprises 17 species and two subspecies. Detailed maps for all of the reported species were constructed.
Plasticity of Dental Cell Types in Development, Regeneration, and Evolution
Authors: Krivanek J. , Buchtova M. , Fried K. , Adameyko I.
Published: March 2023

Recent years have improved our understanding of the plasticity of cell types behind inducing, building, and maintaining different types of teeth. The latest efforts were aided by progress in single-cell transcriptomics, which helped to define not only cell states with mathematical precision but also transitions between them. This includes new aspects of dental epithelial and mesenchymal stem cell niches and beyond. These recent efforts revealed continuous and fluid trajectories connecting cell states during dental development and exposed the natural plasticity of tooth-building progenitors. Such “developmental” plasticity seems to be employed for organizing stem cell niches in adult continuously growing teeth. Furthermore, transitions between mature cell types elicited by trauma might represent a replay of embryonic continuous cell states. Alternatively, they could constitute transitions that evolved de novo, not known from the developmental paradigm. In this review, we discuss and exemplify how dental cell types exhibit plasticity during dynamic processes such as development, self-renewal, repair, and dental replacement. Hypothetically, minor plasticity of cell phenotypes and greater plasticity of transitions between cell subtypes might provide a better response to lifetime challenges, such as damage or dental loss. This plasticity might be additionally harnessed by the evolutionary process during the elaboration of dental cell subtypes in different animal lineages. In turn, the diversification of cell subtypes building teeth brings a diversity of their shape, structural properties, and functions.
Reduced Autophagy in Aged Trigeminal Neurons Causes Amyloid β Diffusion
Authors: Sonoda R. , Kuramoto E. , Minami S. , Matsumoto S.E. , Ohyagi Y. , Saito T. , Saido T. , Noguchi K. , Goto T.
Published: March 2023

The relationship between oral health and the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the elderly is not yet well understood. In this regard, the association between aging or neurodegeneration of the trigeminal nervous system and the accumulation of amyloid-β(1–42) (Aβ42) oligomers in the pathogenesis of AD is unknown. We focused on selective autophagy in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes) and the diffusion of Aβ42 oligomers with respect to aging of the trigeminal nervous system and whether the degeneration of Vmes neurons affects the diffusion of Aβ42 oligomers. We used female 2- to 8-mo-old transgenic 3xTg-AD mice and App NL-G-F knock-in mice and immunohistochemically examined aging-related changes in selective autophagy and Aβ42 oligomer processing in the Vmes, which exhibits high amyloid-β (Aβ) expression. We induced degeneration of Vmes neurons by extracting the maxillary molars and examined the changes in Aβ42 oligomer kinetics. Autophagosome-like membranes, which stained positive for Aβ, HO-1, and LC3B, were observed in Vmes neurons of 3xTg-AD mice, while there was weak immunoreactivity of the membranes for intraneuronal Aβ in App NL-G-F mice. By contrast, there was strong immunopositivity for extracellular Aβ42 oligomers with the formation of Aβ42 oligomer clusters in App NL-G-F mice. The expression of Rubicon, which indicates age-related deterioration of autophagy, increased the diffusion of Aβ42 oligomer with the age of Vmes neurons. Tooth extraction increased the extracellular immunopositivity for Aβ42 oligomers in App NL-G-F mice. These results suggest that autophagy maintains homeostasis in Vmes neurons and that deterioration of autophagy due to aging or neurodegeneration leads to the diffusion of Aβ42 oligomers into the extracellular space and possibly the development of AD.