bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise Econômico-Comportamental do Direito versus Análise Comportamental do Direito: a necessidade do pensamento jurídico sob uma teoria geral do comportamento
Authors: Ferreira filho Paulo sergio
Published: January 2019

A adoção da Análise Comportamental do Direito (ACD) em complemento à Análise Econômico-Comportamental do Direito (AED Comportamental) trará uma vantagem para o pensamento do sistema jurídico, dotando-o de uma robusta teoria geral sobre o comportamento humano (behaviorismo). A AED Comportamental tem o mérito de identificar que nem sempre o modelo clássico da Análise Econômica do Direito (AED), que se baseia na teoria das escolhas racionais, se mostra condizente com dados empiricamente coletados. Todavia, a ausência de uma teoria geral do comportamento e a adoção de premissas teóricas (oriundas da psicologia cognitivista) que retiram o foco das causas em que o Direito realmente poderá atuar (ambiente e contingências) podem enfraquecer o potencial de contribuição para o Direito que os experimentos realizados na disciplina possuem, tornando-a alvo de críticas. Assim, a ACD, por ser compatível com os resultados dos inúmeros experimentos realizados no âmbito da AED Comportamental, pode agregar valor a esta, aperfeiçoando as contribuições para que o Direito regule melhor a vida em sociedade, bem como para o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas.
O ATUAL CENÁRIO E A NECESSIDADE DE MUDANÇA DA LEI DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS E FALÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES EMPÍRICAS APÓS MAIS DE UMA DÉCADA DE SUA VIGÊNCIA
Authors: Lana Henrique Avelino Lana Avelino
Published: January 2019

Resumo: Após mais de uma década desde a entrada em vigência da Lei 11.101/05, pretende-se com este trabalho tentar identificar, principalmente por dados estatísticos e empíricos, se os seus objetivos estão sendo alcançados, tal como idealizado. A metodologia a ser utilizada é a da finalidade de pesquisa aplicada, com objetivo exploratório, em abordagem quali-quantitativa, por método dedutivo, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e levantamento de dados. Inicialmente será feita uma contextualização do tema, mediante abordagem dos princípios da função social e preservação da empresa. Após, serão apresentados dados empíricos referentes às recuperações judiciais existentes no Brasil nos últimos anos.
Racionalidade, previsibilidade, precedentes e Administração Pública
Authors: Reis Jair Teixeira dos , Salim Lucas Gil Carneiro
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do presente trabalho é verificar os fundamentos de uma teoria dos precedentes e sua aplicabilidade em decisões não-judiciais. Para tanto, será feita uma breve revisão sobre as tradições jurídicas ocidentais, identificando as ferramentas que cada uma utiliza para dar previsibilidade ao direito. Considerando que os precedentes têm fundamento na racionalidade e na segurança jurídica, conclui-se que, a despeito de ser uma teoria voltada aos processos judiciais, é plenamente possível e desejável sua aplicação nos processos administrativos. Ao final, serão apresentados comentários sobre a Lei Federal n. 13.655/2018 e a aproximação que ela estabelece entre esferas não-judiciais com um modelo de precedentes.
A legitimidade como problema na obra de Carl Schmitt: uma aproximação crítica da leitura de Hasso Hofmann
Authors: Lima Deyvison Rodrigues
Published: January 2019

O artigo trata da tradicional interpretação de Hasso Hofmann acerca da obra de Carl Schmitt. Tem por objetivo analisar sua tese de que a categoria de legitimidade, enquanto justificação da ordem estatal, distinta da mera legalidade, seria a chave para a compreensão dos textos de Schmitt. A pesquisa de Hofmann percorre toda a obra schmittiana sob tal critério, mas não percebe alguns movimentos e nuances que, afinal, diminuem seu alcance interpretativo. Nesse caso, lançamos a seguinte hipótese de pesquisa para analisar o ponto cego da leitura hofmanniana: apesar de ser construída como uma reflexão sobre a ordem e sua conservação, o conceito do político schmittiano não desempenha mais, a certa altura de sua obra, a função de mediação do teológico e, por isso, torna-se autônomo em relação ao conceito de Estado, além de modificar o próprio conceito de legitimidade, afastando-se da leitura moderna sobre representação política. Ao relativizar o conceito moderno de representação, ou seja, da mediação que produz a constituição da unidade política do povo através, exclusivamente, do Estado, Schmitt reenvia o político aos circuitos das relações de antagonismo, fora dos mecanismos institucionais, visto que anterior e autônomo. Como conclusão, ressaltamos, ao menos parcialmente, a rejeição do dispositivo teológico-político da mediação e a reformulação do conceito de legitimidade, como Hofmann, no final das contas, também propõe, apesar de utilizar outros argumentos.
Making a difference
Authors: Wright David
Published: January 2019

Placed at the centre of their communities, childcare providers need to harness their power to work with local groups and individuals to find solutions to problems such as early childhood trauma.
Breathe like a warrior
Authors: Ulatowski Tony
Published: January 2019

Breathing techniques are at the centre of Tony Ulatowski's Tai Chi sessions which are being used in nurseries and schools to support children's mental wellbeing, confidence and physical development.
Steps to staying safe
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: January 2019

It can be a challenge to ensure that the children in our care understand safety in a variety of contexts. Try these practical tips to build their awareness of staying safe in the setting and online.
Long-term results of fresh osteochondral allografts and realignment osteotomy for cartilage repair in the knee
Authors: León S. A. , Mei X. Y. , Safir O. A. , Gross A. E. , Kuzyk P. R.
Published: January 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to report the outcome of femoral condylar fresh osteochondral allografts (FOCA) with concomitant realignment osteotomy with a focus on graft survivorship, complications, reoperation, and function.

Patients and Methods

We identified 60 patients (16 women, 44 men) who underwent unipolar femoral condylar FOCA with concomitant realignment between 1972 and 2012. The mean age of the patients was 28.9 years (10 to 62) and the mean follow-up was 11.4 years (2 to 35). Failure was defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty, revision allograft, or graft removal. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (mHSS) score.

Results

A total of 14 grafts (23.3%) failed at a mean of 8.6 years (1.4 to 20.1). Graft survivorship was 87.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 79.0 to 96.6), 85.0% (95% CI 75.8 to 95.3), 74.8% (95% CI 62.2 to 90.0), 65.2% (95% CI 49.9 to 85.2), and 59.8% (95% CI 43.5 to 82.1) at five, ten, 15, 20, and 25 years, respectively. A total of 23 patients (38.3%) developed complications, and 26 (43.3%) had a further operation. Persistent postoperative malalignment occurred more frequently in failed grafts (28.6% vs 4.3%; p = 0.023), and was a risk factor for graft failure (hazard ratio 6.55; 95% CI 1.61 27.71; p = 0.009). The mean mHSS score improved from 74.1 (40 to 91) preoperatively to 89.0 (66 to 100) at final follow-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Femoral condylar FOCA with concomitant realignment osteotomy provides excellent long-term graft survival and reliable functional improvement. Persistent malalignment may increase the risk for graft failure.
Medial ball and socket total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Katchky A. M. , Jones C. W. , Walter W. L. , Shimmin A. J.
Published: January 2019

Aims

Between 15% and 20% of patients remain dissatisfied following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The SAIPH knee system (MatOrtho, Surrey, United Kingdom) is a medial ball and socket TKA that has been designed to replicate native knee kinematics in order to maximize the range of movement, stability, and function. This system is being progressively introduced in a stepwise fashion, with this study reporting the mid-term clinical and radiological outcomes.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken of the first 100 consecutive patients with five-year follow-up following SAIPH TKA performed by the senior authors. The data that were collected included the demographics of the patients, clinical findings, the rate of intraoperative ligamentous release, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS), radiological assessment, complications, and all-cause revision. Revision data were cross-checked with a national registry.

Results

A total of 100 TKAs in 92 patients were included. Three patients died (three TKAs) and a further two TKAs were revised. Of the remaining 95 TKAs, five-year follow-up data were available for 81 TKAs (85%) in 87 patients. There were significant improvements in all PROMs and high satisfaction. The mean ROM at final follow-up was from 0° (full extension) to 124° flexion. There were seven major complications (7%): one infection, two deep vein thromboses, one cerebrovascular event, and two patients with stiffness requiring a manipulation under anaesthesia. Two patients required a lateral retinacular release to optimize patellar tracking in valgus knees; no additional ligament releases were performed in any patient. Radiological analysis demonstrated no evidence of implant-related complications.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes at five years following a medial ball and socket TKA. The complication and revision rates are consistent with those previously reported for patients undergoing TKA. These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the SAIPH Knee TKA system and support its wider use.
Quality Monitoring of a FIT-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Toes-Zoutendijk Esther , Bonfrer Johannes M G , Ramakers Christian , Thelen Marc , Spaander Manon C W , Dekker Evelien , van der Meulen Miriam P , Buskermolen Maaike , van Vuuren Anneke J , Kuipers Ernst J , van Kemenade Folkert J , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F , Thomeer Maarten G J , van Veldhuizen Harriët , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , de Koning Harry J , van Leerdam Monique E , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Quality assessment is crucial for consistent program performance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs using fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin (FIT). However, literature on the consistency of FIT performance in laboratory medicine was lacking. This study examined the consistency of FIT in testing positive or detecting advanced neoplasia (AN) for different specimen collection devices, lot reagents, and laboratories.

METHODS

All participants with a FIT sample with a cutoff concentration of 47 μg Hb/g feces in the Dutch CRC screening program in 2014 and 2015 were included in the analyses. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios of collection devices, reagents, and laboratories on testing positive or detecting AN and positive predictive value (PPV).

RESULTS

In total, 87519 (6.4%) of the 1371169 participants tested positive. Positivity rates and detection rates of AN differed between collection devices and reagents (all P < 0.01). In contrast, PPVs were not found to vary between collection devices, reagents, or laboratories (all P > 0.05). Positivity rates showed a small difference for laboratories (P = 0.004) but not for detection rates of AN. Size of the population affected by the deviating positivity rates was small (0.1% of the total tested population).

CONCLUSIONS

Variations were observed in positivity and detection rates between collection devices and reagents, but there was no detected variation in PPV. Although the overall population effect of these variations on the screened population is expected to be modest, there is room for improvement.
Phylogenetic characterization of Salmonella enterica from pig production and humans in Thailand and Laos border provinces
Authors: Prathan Rangsiya , Bitrus Asinamai Athliamai , Sinwat Nuananong , Angkititrakul Sunpetch , Chuanchuen Rungtip
Published: January 2019

Background and Aim: The genetic relationship among serotypes of Salmonella enterica from food animals, food of animal origin, and human is of interest as the data could provide an important clue for the source of human infection. This study aimed to determine the genetic relatedness of S. enterica from pig production and human in Thailand-Laos border provinces. Materials and Methods: A total of 195 S. enterica serotypes isolated from pig and pork (n=178) and human (n=17) including four serotypes (Typhimurium, Rissen, Derby, and Stanley) were randomly selected to examine their genetic relatedness using highly conserved sequence of three genes (fim A, man B, and mdh). Results: The results showed that 195 Salmonella isolates of four different serotypes were grouped into five different clusters, and members of the same Salmonella serotypes were found in the same cluster. Salmonella isolated from pig production and human in Thailand-Laos border provinces represented overlapping population and revealed a high degree of similarity, indicating close genetic relationship among the isolates. Conclusion: The results support that the determination of Salmonella serotyping combined with analysis of phylogenetic tree can be used track the clonal evolution and genetic diversity of Salmonella serotypes in different host species.
A kompetencia alapú oktatás, avagy Erdőpedagógia – Környezetpedagógia – Komplex Természettudományos tantárgy
Authors: Bérczy Judit Dóra
Published: January 2019

2016-ban bevezetésre került az új tantárgy, a Komplex természettudományos tantárgy a szakgimnáziumokban. A tantárgy oktatásának többen, többféleképpen láttak neki. Kutatásunkban megmutatjuk, hogyan lehet ötvözni a Kerettantervi elvárásokat és a környezetpedagógia oktatási módszerét. Az Erdőpedagógia projekt felhasználásával, átalakításával azt tételeztük fel, hogy a diákok a tananyagot megértik és kutatásokat fognak majd végezni az adott témákban. Kérdőíves elő és utóvizsgálatokat végeztünk, valamint folyamatosan szóbeli és írásbeli interjúkat készítettünk a diákokkal. Az átalakított Erdőpedagógia projekt segítségével pedig a tananyag teljes mértékben lefedésre kerül olyan szinten, hogy a diákok közben több nézőpontból tudják megvizsgálni az adott területet. Egyéni kutatásokat végeznek a témában, amit a csoporttársaikkal megvitatnak és az osztálynak együttesen bemutatnak. Ezen vizsgálatok után és a diákok által tartott év végi projektzárón a meghívott független zsűri véleménye alapján megállapítható, hogy a tananyag feldolgozásához használható a környezetpedagógia oktatási stratégiája, amely a diákok legtöbb kompetenciáját együttesen tudja fejleszteni.
Impactos da greve dos caminhoneiros à luz do código de defesa do consumidor
Authors: Alves Damiana Hernestina , Assis Laine Alves , Santos Vanessa Érica Da Silva , Tavares Fernanda Beatryz Rolim
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem por intento analisar as práticas abusivas ocorridas durante a greve dos caminhoneiros deste ano de 2018 à luz da Lei n° 8.078, de 11 de setembro de 1990 ou Código de Defesa do Consumidor e analisar as práticas abusivas cometidas pelos postos de combustíveis e como tais práticas afetaram o meio social. Também buscou-se analisar os princípios constitucionais que regem a matéria, bem como o trabalho de pesquisadores e economistas cerca da matéria. Ao verificar as práticas abusivas contra os consumidores no período crítico da greve e as ilegalidades que ocorreram durante o período, e buscando em específico trabalhar a questão de um ponto de vista mais regional, ou seja, no município de Sousa. E tendo em vista que os ocorridos localmente também foram realizados em âmbito regional e nacional, a questão aqui trabalhada abarca uma realidade muito mais ampla.
The Body is Speech.
Authors: Kim Sung Ae ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: January 2019

The key words of the topic in this paper are the body, speech, and communication of people who might be different from those who are ordinary people in terms of biological conditions. This paper deals with the communication system of people with severe intellectual disabilities. The author emphasizes in the paper that “speech-oriented” communication is one of various communication systems. In many cases, people with severe disabilities might do not communite with spoken language. So what do they communicate with? The author will look for answers in the Perceptual Phenomenology. So this paper discusses what the body is, how the body acts as a language, and how it enables communication based on the Merleau-Ponty`s Perceptual Phenomenology. According to Merleau-Ponty, allowing the body to meet the world and make another body will enable the relationship between the body and the world. The relationship enables constant communication and exchange of the exact contents of each other’s world. So this paper emphasizes based on Merleau-Ponty’s theory, that is “The body is Speech.”
A Case Report of Intervening Aggressive Behavior of Autistic Spectrum Disorder Child Using Simple Manual Signs
Authors: Choi Jinhee ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives: This report analyses the cases in which the manual signs are taught through playing activities in special classes to minimize or prevent serious aggressive behaviors of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) children and to elicit positive changes in communication behavior and other adaptational behaviors. Method: The simple manual signs training was conducted for a total of 43 sessions during school days, including the baseline (14 sessions) and the summer break where the training was temporarily stopped. Manal sign training was conducted for an hour mostly in the morning when the child is more calm but other work times were used where the child slept or exhibited aggressive behaviors. Simple manual signs were illustrated through speech in the situation of requesting or responding during the play activity. Beginning with words directly related to the play, we gradually expanded the expression to greetings, emotions, and other daily words. Results: The child’s aggressive behaviors decreased in school days as compared to the baseline period. There were positive changes observed in communication and adaptational behaviors as well. Discussions and implications: Experimental control for the implementation of this intervention and objective measurement was not properly conducted. However, the findings of this case study not only highlighted the importance of manual signs training in reducing serious aggressive behaviors but also the positive effects of the training on the communication behavior and other adaptive behaviors of the ASD child.
A Case Study of AAC Intervention on Transition from Picture-Symbol to Text-Symbol for Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Yeon SeokJeong , Lee Youngmee , Seo HyeonJeong , Lee JuYoung ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives: Augmentative and alternative communication system is needed to improve the social communication ability of minimally verbal adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this study is to report to the text-symbol learning intervention for picture-text symbol transition in the AAC intervention for 15 year-old adolescent with autism spectrum disorder. Method: We examined the change of accuracy of text-symbol comprehension abilities and picture-text symbol matching abilities and the change of correct communication behaviors using by text-symbols, gestures, and vocalizations. Results: The pre-post test results showed that the accuracy of the text-symbol comprehension and picture-text matching abilities was improved in nouns, verbs, and sentences after intervention. Communication behaviors using by text symbols, gestures, and vocalizations also tend to increase in the script context. Conclusion: There was positive effects on symbol learning intervention for the transition from the picture-based symbol to the text-based symbol system for the adolescent with autism spectrum disorders.
“Just a Minute, Please”: The Experiences of Adults Using AAC
Authors: Im Myung Soon , Park HyunJu ,   Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Published: January 2019

Background and Objectives: Recently, AAC user action is demanding to guarantee the right of communication. In keeping with this trend, we aimed to identify the actual experiences on AAC use of adults who are actively expressing their voices relying on the AAC system. Method: This study was conducted as a qualitative approach. Participants were 10 adults with cerebral palsy who took part in social activities while appropriately meeting their communication needs using AAC device for more than 6 months. One-to-one in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants using semi-structured questions. After the completion of the interviews, the contents of the conversation were all transcribed, coded according to meaning statements, and organized thematically. Results: The participants’ experiences were summarized in four themes: Improvement of quality of life, communication barriers, AAC education, and social awareness and support. Conclusion: AAC has greatly improved the social participation and life satisfaction of adults with cerebral palsy, but institutional support for these AAC users is still lacking. These findings provide insights into the client-centered AAC service delivery.
Der Übergang des schwedischen Bibliothekswesens zur DDC als Aufstellungs- und Erschließungsklassifikation
Authors: Lowisch Maximilian
Published: January 2019

Der nachfolgende Aufsatz berichtet über die Einführung der Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) an schwedischen Bibliotheken im Rahmen eines Projekts der schwedischen Nationalbibliothek (Kungliga biblioteket) während der Jahre 2009 bis 2012. Dazu wird zunächst ein kurzer Überblick über den heutigen Stand der sachlichen Erschließung an schwedischen Bibliotheken gegeben, geschichtliche Hintergründe beschrieben und kursorisch die Struktur der Klassifikation „SAB:s Klassifikationssystem för svenska bibliotek“ (SAB) sowie des Schlagwortsystems „Svenska ämnesord“ (SAO) erläutert. Hiernach werden die Projektziele der DDC-Einführung und deren Umsetzung dargestellt. Beleuchtet wird weiterhin, wieso die DDC an Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Schweden mittlerweile große Verbreitung gefunden hat, nicht jedoch an den Öffentlichen Bibliotheken.
Using cluster analysis methods for multivariate mapping of traffic accidents
Authors: Selvi Huseyin Zahit , Caglar Burak
Published: January 2019

Many factors affect the occurrence of traffic accidents. The classification and mapping of the different attributes of the resulting accident are important for the prevention of accidents. Multivariate mapping is the visual exploration of multiple attributes using a map or data reduction technique. More than one attribute can be visually explored and symbolized using numerous statistical classification systems or data reduction techniques. In this sense, clustering analysis methods can be used for multivariate mapping. This study aims to compare the multivariate maps produced by the K-means method, K-medoids method, and Agglomerative and Divisive Hierarchical Clustering (AGNES) method, which among clustering analysis methods, with real data. The results from the study will suggest which clustering methods should be preferred in terms of multivariate mapping. The results show that the K-medoids method is more appropriate in terms of clustering success. Moreover, the aim is to reveal spatial similarities in traffic accidents according to the results of traffic accidents that occur in different years. For this aim, multivariate maps created from traffic accident data of two different years in Turkey are used. The methods are compared, and the use of the maps produced with these methods for risk management and planning is discussed. Analysis of the maps reveals significant similarities for both years.
Soil Disintegration Characteristics of Collapsed Walls and Influencing Factors in Southern China
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Li Huixia
Published: January 2019

Collapsed walls cause collapsed mounds, and the disintegration characteristics of collapsed walls are thus closely linked with the occurrence of collapsed mounds. The current study examines the disintegration characteristics and the physical and chemical properties of collapsed walls. A multilevel analysis was conducted by obtaining soil samples from four layers of a collapsed wall. The results showed that 1) the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples (red soil layer, sandy soil layer, debris layer, gravel and eluvial breccia) are closely related to the weathering degree of the crust; 2) gravel and eluvial breccia disintegrated in the shortest time, whereas red soil exhibited the slowest disintegration in the vertical section of the collapsed wall. The order of the disintegrating ratio of the layers is as follows: red soil layer < sandy soil layer < debris layer < gravel and eluvial breccia. Initial water content significantly influenced the disintegration ratio of the red soil layer and sandy soil layer, whereas its effect on the debris layer and gravel eluvial breccia is minimal; and 3) most of the physical and chemical properties of the collapsed wall are significantly correlated with the disintegration ratio of the soil sample. The following physical and chemical properties, which are positively correlated with the disintegration ratio, are arranged based on highest to lowest correlation coefficient: sand content, MgO, natural water content, K2O, CaO, exchangeable sodium, pH, porosity, Na2O, and cation exchange capacity. The following physical and chemical properties, which are negatively correlated with the disintegration ratio, are organized based on highest to lowest correlation coefficient: cosmid, Fe2O3, silt particle, Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, organic matter, free iron oxide, and free alumina. Only exchangeable calcium, saturated water content, specific gravity of soil particles, and dry density of soil particles are significantly correlated with the disintegration ratio. The correlation coefficient indicates that the disintegration ratio and soil structure, as well as the chemical content of clay minerals, are closely correlated. The study helps explain the mechanism of wall collapse and provides references for developing protective measures against erosion.
Deformation and Subsidence prediction on Surface of Yuzhou mined-out areas along Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion, China
Authors: Renwei Ding , Handong Liu , Guangxiang Yuan , Jinyu Dong
Published: January 2019

The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project crosses the coal mined-out area in Yuzhou city. There are 4 mined-out areas along Yuzhou section of the water diversion project. The collapse, fracture and deformation of overlying rock mass occurred due to strata loss and stress field change, which then resulted in the subsidence, collapse fissures on the ground. The deformation of the upper rock mass is characterized by “three-zone”: caving zone, fault zone, and bend zone. Thus, it is very important to predict the surface subsidence of the mined-out areas. Highly precise deformation observation network were set along the channel. The monitoring data show that the surface tilt, curvature and horizontal deformation of the mined-out areas were less than critical values. However, the forecast and monitoring values are relatively larger in Guocun and Xinfeng mined-out areas due to large mining range and the possible location of two mined-out areas in the affected region. Therefore, the monitoring should focus on the two mined-out areas.
Abnormal open-hole natural gamma ray (GR) log in Baikouquan Formation of Xiazijie Fan-delta, Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Yuan Rui , Zhu Rui , Qu Jianhua , You Xincai , Wu Jun , Huang Yunfei
Published: January 2019

Based on large amounts of cores, open-hole conventional logs and mineral components analysis, abnormal natural gamma ray (GR) log showing high values in conglomerates and low values in fine-grained sediments, are described and explained in Baikouquan Formation of Xiazijie Fan-delta, Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin. After observing cores, normalizing the GR log and correcting depth errors between both, the GR log values of individual grain-sized lithology are extracted and counted. When grain-size decreases, the average GR values of different sized grains increase generally. The GR values of conglomerates are mostly between 50 and 80 API, while the values of fine-grains are mainly between 70 and 100 API. However, abnormal GR log features exist in the cores and wells of Baikouquan Formation prevalently. A great deal of high radioactive intermediate-acid volcanic minerals, such as volcanic tuff, felsite, andesite, granite, rhyolite, et al., distribute widely in the conglomerates, which results in abnormal high GR values in conglomeratic intervals. Low radioactive quartz components exit widely in high percentage in mudstones, which is the primary mineral explanation for the abnormal low GR values in reddish-brown siltstones and sandstones intervals.
Spatiotemporal patterns of wildlife road mortality in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan
Authors: Akrim Faraz , Mahmood Tariq , Andleeb Shaista , Hussain Riaz , Collinson Wendy Jane
Published: January 2019

The current study investigated the impact of roads on native wildlife fauna in Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. By conducting driven transects over a period of 24 months (March 2012–February 2014), we identified 131 carcasses resulting from wildlife-vehicle collisions or “road kill”, comprising 18 vertebrate species from seven different orders. The Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus; Linnaeus, 1758) was the most common road kill (37.4%), followed by the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus; Hodgson, 1836; 9.9%) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes; Linnaeus, 1758; 8.4%). Road kill incidences included both nocturnal (55.6%) and diurnal species (44.5%). The maximum number of road kills were encountered in the Rawalpindi district area (46.6%), followed by Chakwal (36.6%), Jhelum (8.4%) and Attock (8.4%). The majority of road kills occurred on paved roads (93.9%; 0.009 road kill/km) with significantly fewer occurrences on unpaved roads (6.1%; 0.004 road kill/km). Similarly, 77% (0.009/km) of the road kills were found adjacent to protected areas. The majority of road kills (33%) occurred during the spring (February–April) but less in summer (May–July) and winter (November–January) (19.8% for both). The study provides important data on road mortality of wildlife species in the region bordering protected areas in the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan, to initiate management and conservation strategies.
Prepaid-Stromzähler: Erfahrungen aus der NutzerInnen-Perspektive von Haushalten in Deutschland
Authors: Wagner Oliver , Wiegand Julia
Published: January 2019

Energiearmut ist ein Phänomen, welches in Deutschland, wie auch in anderen Ländern des Globalen Nordens, in den letzten Jahren immer häufiger beobachtet werden kann. Zunehmend werden Prepaidzähler (engl. Prepayment Meter) von Energieunternehmen als Instrument eingesetzt, um KundInnen mit Zahlungsrückständen bzw. häufig auftretenden Zahlungsschwierigkeiten zu managen. Das Phänomen der Energiearmut in Deutschland ist relativ jung und damit die Anzahl der Prepaidzähler noch niedrig. Somit sind Erfahrungen in diesem Zusammenhang in Deutschland rar. Nachfolgend werden die Ergebnisse der ersten wissenschaftlichen Befragung von Haushalten mit Prepaidzählern in Deutschland (im Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen) analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Prepaid-Systeme für Strom für die betroffenen Haushalte mit erheblichen Alltagsveränderungen verbunden sind. Vorteilhaft ist, dass die Haushalte trotz bestehender Strom-Schulden weiterhin mit Energie versorgt werden können, dass sie über eine bessere Kostenkontrolle verfügen und dass sie Stromsparpotenziale erschließen können. Zu den wesentlichen Nachteilen zählen die hohen Kosten, der Aufwand für das Aufladen des Guthabens und dass Versorgungsunterbrechungen dennoch stattfinden, jedoch nicht erfasst werden. Insgesamt ergab die Studie eine hohe Zufriedenheit der Haushalte mit Prepaidzähler, es besteht jedoch Regulierungsbedarf seitens des Gesetzgebers in Deutschland.
Religiöse Vielfalt in (post-)säkularer Gesellschaft. Umbrüche – Herausforderungen – Lernprozesse
Authors: Gmainer-Pranzl Franz
Published: January 2019

Der Weg zu einer religiös vielfältigen Gesellschaft war in Österreich langwierig und von vielen Schwierigkeiten geprägt, nicht zuletzt von bestimmten religionspolitischen Konstellationen. Die offizielle Anerkennung der Islamischen Glaubensgemeinschaft im Jahr 1979 markiert den Beginn religiöser Pluralität, die in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten noch deutlich zugenommen hat. Ob religiöse Vielfalt einen echten Impuls zur Weiterentwicklung einer offenen Gesellschaft vermitteln kann, hängt allerdings auch vom Verständnis des Begriffs „Religion“ ab, von der vorausgesetzten religionspolitischen Option sowie von konkreten religionstheologischen Modellen, die die Vielfalt von Religionen je anders bewerten. Religionen können gesellschaftliche Lernprozesse initiieren, was zum Beispiel den Umgang mit Fremden oder die Ausbildung eines sozialen Gewissens betrifft. Dieser Lernprozess bedarf allerdings politischer Unterstützung im Bereich der Bildung sowie der Inklusion.
Wirtschaftspolitische Positionen österreichischer Parteien im historischen Verlauf: Die Ausgestaltung österreichischer Parteiprogrammatiken hinsichtlich neoliberalen Gedankenguts
Authors: Grimm Christian
Published: January 2019

Diese Arbeit analysiert die Grundsatzprogramme der einflussreichsten österreichischen Parteien (ÖVP, SPÖ, FPÖ, Grüne) vor dem Hintergrund einer historisch gewachsenen Hegemonie des Neoliberalismus. Mittels einer vergleichenden Längsschnittanalyse wird der Einfluss der neoliberalen Wende in den späten 1970ern auf die Inhalte der Programmatiken identifiziert. Im Ergebnis lässt sich festhalten, dass die aktuellen Programme aller vier Parteien neoliberalen Standpunkten näherstehen als ihre analysierten Vorgängerschriften. Gleichwohl konnten Variierungen bei der Intensität der Annäherung nachgewiesen werden.
The Role of Interactional Agreeableness in Responsive Treatments for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Zufferey Pauline , Caspar Franz , Kramer Ueli
Published: January 2019

It has been shown that agreeableness of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) had an impact on therapy process and outcome (Hirsh, Quilty, Bagby, & McMain, 2012). The goal of our study was to test whether agreeableness affects the therapeutic alliance and outcome assessed after brief treatment for BPD, and whether this link is moderated by therapist responsiveness. We compared two types of interventions (N = 60) in 10-session treatments (Kramer et al., 2014): a general psychiatric management (GPM)–based treatment and the same treatment supplemented with motive-oriented therapeutic relationship (MOTR), based on plan analysis case conceptualizations (PA; Caspar, 1995), as operationalization of therapist responsiveness. The results showed that there was a significant link between agreeableness and outcome for the GPM, but not for the MOTR. No links between agreeableness and the therapeutic alliance were found in both conditions. MOTR enables suppression of the influences of the patient's initial characteristics on the therapeutic results.
Screening for Personality Disorders: A Three-Item Screener From the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-3)
Authors: Pilkonis Paul A. , Lawrence Suzanne M. , Johnston Kelly L. , Dodds Nathan E.
Published: January 2019

To encourage screening for personality disorders (PDs), we developed (in previous work) self-report scales for PDs using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). The combined score from three of the scales—inter-personal sensitivity, interpersonal ambivalence, and aggression—requiring 15 items (IIP-15) did the best job of distinguishing between respondents with any versus no PD. The goals for the present work were (a) to cross-validate the IIP-15 by examining its performance using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses in a new sample (N = 410), and (b) to investigate the utility of a brief three-item variant (IIP-3). The present results again documented the good operating characteristics of the IIP-15. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were all above. 70. The operating characteristics of the IIP-3 were nearly as good despite its brevity and support its use as an initial screen for PDs.
Expert Preferences for Categorical, Dimensional, and Mixed/Hybrid Approaches to Personality Disorder Diagnosis
Authors: Morey Leslie C. , Hopwood Christopher J.
Published: January 2019

The authors asked 361 personality disorder experts to rank order their preferences for a categorical, dimensional, or mixed/hybrid approach to personality disorder diagnosis in manuals such as the DSM and ICD. Respondents reported a general preference for the mixed/hybrid approach over a purely dimensional approach, and a clear preference against a categorical model. Although there were some statistically significant differences in the rates across training background, age, and gender, this overall pattern of preferences held across these factors. Preferences were notably similar to those reported by Bernstein et al. (2007) prior to the beginnings of deliberations on DSM-5 that ultimately led to a hybrid model. Results are informative for discussions regarding how to classify personality disorders in diagnostic manuals.
Superficial Layers Suppress the Deep Layers to Fine-tune Cortical Coding
Authors: Pluta Scott R. , Telian Greg I. , Naka Alexander , Adesnik Hillel
Published: January 2019

The descending microcircuit from layer 2/3 (L2/3) to layer 5 (L5) is one of the strongest excitatory pathways in the cortex, presumably forming a core component of its feedforward hierarchy. To date, however, no experiments have selectively tested the impact of L2/3 activity on L5 during active sensation. We used optogenetic, cell-type-specific manipulation of L2/3 neurons in the barrel cortex of actively sensing mice (of either sex) to elucidate the significance of this pathway to sensory coding in L5. Contrary to standard models, activating L2/3 predominantly suppressed spontaneous activity in L5, whereas deactivating L2/3 mainly facilitated touch responses in L5. Somatostatin interneurons are likely important to this suppression because their optogenetic deactivation significantly altered the functional impact of L2/3 onto L5. The net effect of L2/3 was to enhance the stimulus selectivity and expand the range of L5 output. These data imply that the core cortical pathway increases the selectivity and expands the range of cortical output through feedforward inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe primary sensory cortex contains six distinct layers that interact to form the basis of our perception. While rudimentary patterns of connectivity between the layers have been outlined quite extensivelyin vitro, functional relationshipsin vivo, particularly during active sensation, remain poorly understood. We used cell-type-specific optogenetics to test the functional relationship between layer 2/3 and layer 5. Surprisingly, we discovered that L2/3 primarily suppresses cortical output from L5. The recruitment of somatostatin-positive interneurons is likely fundamental to this relationship. The net effect of this translaminar suppression is to enhance the selectivity and expand the range of receptive fields, therefore potentially sharpening the perception of space.
MicroRNA-1224 Splicing CircularRNA-Filip1l in an Ago2-Dependent Manner Regulates Chronic Inflammatory Pain via Targeting Ubr5
Authors: Pan Zhiqiang , Li Guo-Fang , Sun Meng-Lan , Xie Ling , Liu Di , Zhang Qi , Yang Xiao-Xiao , Xia Sunhui , Liu Xiaodan , Zhou Huimin , Xue Zhou-Ya , Zhang Ming , Hao Ling-Yun , Zhu Li-Jiao , Cao Jun-Li
Published: January 2019

Dysfunctions of gene transcription and translation in the nociceptive pathways play the critical role in development and maintenance of chronic pain. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as new players in regulation of gene expression, but whether and how circRNAs are involved in chronic pain remain elusive. We showed here that complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation pain significantly increased circRNA-Filip1l (filamin A interacting protein 1-like) expression in spinal neurons of mice. Blockage of this increase attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant-induced nociceptive behaviors, and overexpression of spinal circRNA-Filip1l in naive mice mimicked the nociceptive behaviors as evidenced by decreased thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold. Furthermore, we found that mature circRNA-Filip1l expression was negatively regulated by miRNA-1224 via binding and splicing of precursor of circRNA-Filip1l (pre-circRNA-Filip1l) in the Argonaute-2 (Ago2)-dependent manner. Increase of spinal circRNA-Filip1l expression resulted from the decrease of miRNA-1224 expression under chronic inflammation pain state. miRNA-1224 knockdown orAgo2overexpression induced nociceptive behaviors in naive mice, which was prevented by the knockdown of spinal circRNA-Filip1l. Finally, we demonstrated that a ubiquitin protein ligase E3 componentn-recognin 5 (Ubr5), validated as a target of circRNA-Filip1l, plays a pivotal role in regulation of nociception by spinal circRNA-Filip1l. These data suggest that miRNA-1224-mediated and Ago2-dependent modulation of spinal circRNA-Filip1l expression regulates nociception via targetingUbr5, revealing a novel epigenetic mechanism of interaction between miRNA and circRNA in chronic inflammation pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTcircRNAs are emerging as new players in regulation of gene expression. Here, we found that the increase of circRNA-Filip1l mediated by miRNA-1224 in an Ago2-dependent way in the spinal cord is involved in regulation of nociception via targetingUbr5. Our study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism of interaction between miRNA and circRNA in chronic inflammation pain.
Prefrontal Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Neurons Act Locally to Modulate Frontostriatal Cognition and Circuit Function
Authors: Hupalo Sofiya , Martin Andrea J. , Green Rebecca K. , Devilbiss David M. , Berridge Craig W.
Published: January 2019

The PFC and extended frontostriatal circuitry support higher cognitive processes that guide goal-directed behavior. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of multiple psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, a major limiting factor in the development of treatments for PFC cognitive dysfunction is our limited understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying PFC-dependent cognition. We recently demonstrated that activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the caudal dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) impairs higher cognitive function, as measured in a working memory task. Currently, there remains much unknown about CRF-dependent regulation of cognition, including the source of CRF for cognition-modulating receptors and the output pathways modulated by these receptors. To address these issues, the current studies used a viral vector-based approach to chemogenetically activate or inhibit PFC CRF neurons in working memory-tested male rats. Chemogenetic activation of caudal, but not rostral, dmPFC CRF neurons potently impaired working memory, whereas inhibition of these neurons improved working memory. Importantly, the cognition-impairing actions of PFC CRF neurons were dependent on local CRF receptors coupled to protein kinase A. Additional electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of caudal dmPFC CRF neurons elicits a robust degradation of task-related coding properties of dmPFC pyramidal neurons and, to a lesser extent, medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum. Collectively, these results demonstrate that local CRF release within the caudal dmPFC impairs frontostriatal cognitive and circuit function and suggest that CRF may represent a potential target for treating frontostriatal cognitive dysfunction.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dorsomedial PFC and its striatal targets play a critical role in higher cognitive function. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Although it has long-been known that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are prominent within the PFC, their role in cognition has remained unclear. Using a novel chemogenetic viral vector system, the present studies demonstrate that PFC CRF neurons impair working memory via activation of local PKA-coupled CRF receptors, an action associated with robust degradation in task-related frontostriatal neuronal coding. Conversely, suppression of constitutive PFC CRF activity improved working memory. Collectively, these studies provide novel insight into the neurobiology of cognition and suggest that CRF may represent a novel target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
Cosechar lo sembrado: Una aproximación crítica a las políticas y derechos sociales de las personas trans
Authors: Arrubia Eduardo Javier
Published: January 2019

Los derechos del colectivo LGBTI en la República Argentina comenzaron a consagrarse desde un esquema de igualdad formal que incluía instituciones de la vida civil tales como el matrimonio, la filiación y el nombre de las personas. Sin embargo, la realidad social puso en evidencia la desigualdad material que afectaba a este grupo, en particular a las personas transexuales cuya vulnerabilidad es mayor. Este trabajo explora desde un abordaje teórico y empírico las tensiones que se presentan en la lucha por los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Para ello, se trabaja con metodología cualitativa a través de entrevistas en profundidad, informante clave y observación participante, en relación a dos políticas públicas en construcción en la ciudad de Azul, centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, esto es, el cupo laboral trans y los consultorios amigables. Los resultados revelan las tensiones culturales que impiden en el nivel local los avances en materia de igualdad real y que hacen de los derechos sociales una asignatura pendiente en comparación con los derechos civiles de este grupo desaventajado.
Crónica sobre el Coloquio "Conceptos multidimensionales, cláusulas generales, estándares de conducta: orden público, buena fe, pautas de conducta y diligencia"
Authors: García Goldar Mónica
Published: January 2019

Este texto tiene por objeto comentar el reciente Coloquio entre filósofos y privatistas que tuvo lugar los días 27 y 28 de noviembre en la facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.