bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: Serum autoantibodies in the early detection of gastric cancer
Authors: Werner Simone , Chen Hongda , Tao Sha , Brenner Hermann
Published: February 2014

Antibodies against tumor‐associated antigens have been found in serum of patients with various types of cancers and may serve as biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer as well. This systematic review aims to give an overview about known autoantibodies and their diagnostic value in gastric cancer. We conducted a systematic literature search in two databases to identify studies which performed serological testing for autoantibodies in gastric cancer patients and controls. Data on study characteristics and results were extracted independently by two reviewers. Overall, 39 articles reporting the detection of 34 different autoantibodies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The most common antibody detection method was enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the most frequently assessed autoantibody was anti‐p53, which was tested in 13 studies. Most antibodies were assessed in only one study and only few authors have evaluated the diagnostic value of combinations of multiple autoantibodies. For single autoantibodies, specificity was generally very high (median: 99.15%), but sensitivity was mostly rather low (median: 12.35%). For some autoantibody combinations, substantially higher sensitivity at reasonably high levels of specificity could be achieved. Development of extended and optimized multimarker panels of autoantibodies might be a promising approach for gastric cancer early detection.
HIF‐1 Alpha‐Induced Up‐Regulation of miR‐9 Contributes to Phenotypic Modulation in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells During Hypoxia
Authors: Shan Fabo , Li Junxia , Huang Qing‐Yuan
Published: February 2014

Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are associated with the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Recent studies have implicated a critical role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in HPH; however, their expression and regulation in hypoxia‐mediated phenotypic modulation of PASMCs remains largely unclear. Here, we report that miR‐9 was induced in hypoxia and involved in a hypoxia‐induced phenotypic switch in rat primary PASMCs. Knockdown of miR‐9 followed by hypoxia exposure attenuated PASMCs proliferation and enhanced the expression of contractile genes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), while overexpression of miR‐9 in normoxia promoted a proliferative phenotype in PASMCs. The primary transcripts of miR‐9‐1 and miR‐9‐3, but not miR‐9‐2, increased dramatically after hypoxia, whereas silencing of the hypoxia‐associated transcription factor HIF‐1α following hypoxia exposure abolished the enhancement of both primary transcripts in PASMCs. Using in silico analysis, we found three putative HIF‐1α binding motifs on miR‐9‐1 and one motif on miR‐9‐3 located within the 5‐kb region upstream of the transcriptional start sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that hypoxia enhanced the direct interaction between HIF‐1α and the regulatory elements of miR‐9‐1 and miR‐9‐3. Reporter assays showed that the regulatory regions of miR‐9‐1 and miR‐9‐3 behaved as enhancers in a HIF‐1α‐dependent manner during hypoxia. Taken together, our data uncover a regulatory mechanism involving HIF‐1α‐mediated up‐regulation of miR‐9, which plays a role in the hypoxia‐induced phenotypic switch of PASMCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1511–1520, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors with ultrasound and CT fusion imaging guidance
Authors: Xu Zuo‐Feng , Xie Xiao‐Yan , Kuang Ming , Liu Guang‐Jian , Chen Li‐Da , Zheng Yan‐Ling , Lu Ming‐De
Published: February 2014

Background

To evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and utility of sonography (US) and CT fusion imaging guidance for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of malignant liver tumors not visualized on conventional US.

Methods

Seventy‐seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 15 patients with metastatic liver cancer with a total of 136 lesions underwent RFA with US and CT fusion imaging guidance. The mean number of punctures, success rate of a single ablation session, local tumor progression rates, and long‐term outcome were evaluated. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by dynamic CT and contrast‐enhanced US 1 month after RFA.

Results

RFA was technically feasible in all patients, and no major complications occurred. The mean ± SD time needed to synchronize US and CT images was 13.9 ± 11.9 minutes (range, 5–55 minutes). The success rate of a single ablation session was 83.8% (114/136), and tumor residue was present in 7.4% of lesions (10/136). The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.2 ± 0.5 sessions. During follow‐up, local tumor progression was observed for 15 (11.9%) lesions. Distant tumor recurrence was found in 51 (55.4%) patients.

Conclusions

US and CT fusion‐assisted RFA is a safe and efficacious treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:321–330, 2014
Gas‐phase fragmentation of metal adducts of alkali‐metal oxalate salts
Authors: Hale Robert D. , Chan Chang‐Ching , Weisbecker Carl S. , Attygalle Athula B.
Published: February 2014

Upon collisional activation, gaseous metal adducts of lithium, sodium and potassium oxalate salts undergo an expulsion of CO2, followed by an ejection of CO to generate a product ion that retains all three metals atoms of the precursor. Spectra recorded even at very low collision energies (2 eV) showed peaks for a 44‐Da neutral fragment loss. Density functional theory calculations predicted that the ejection of CO2requires less energy than an expulsion of a Na+and that the [Na3CO2]+product ion formed in this way bears a planar geometry. Furthermore, spectra of [Na3C2O4]+and [39K3C2O4]+recorded at higher collision energies showed additional peaks atm/z90 andm/z122 for the radical cations [Na2CO2]+•and [K2CO2]+•, respectively, which represented a loss of an M•from the precursor ions. Moreover, [Na3CO2]+, [39K3CO2]+and [Li3CO2]+ions also undergo a CO loss to form [M3O]+. Furthermore, product‐ion spectra for [Na3C2O4]+and [39K3C2O4]+recorded at low collision energies showed an unexpected peak atm/z63 for [Na2OH]+andm/z95 for [39K2OH]+, respectively. An additional peak observed atm/z65 for [Na218OH]+in the spectrum recorded for [Na3C2O4]+, after the addition of some H218O to the collision gas, confirmed that the [Na2OH]+ion is formed by an ion–molecule reaction with residual water in the collision cell. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of differential gene expression profiles in Caenorhabditis elegans knockouts for the v‐SNARE master protein 1
Authors: Rodriguez Ashley , McKay Kody , Graham Melanie , Dittrich Josiah , Holgado Andrea M.
Published: February 2014

At chemical synapses, neurons communicate information to other cells by secreting neurotransmitters or neuropeptides into the synaptic cleft, which then bind to receptors on the target cell. Preliminary work performed in our laboratory has shown that mutant nematodes lacking a protein called VSM‐1 have increased synaptic density compared with the wild type. Consequently, we hypothesized that genes expressed in vsm‐1 mutants mediate enhanced synaptogenesis. To identify these genes of interest, we utilized microarray technology and quantitative PCR. To this end, first we isolated the total RNA from young‐adult wild‐type and vsm‐1 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans. Next, we synthesized cDNA from reverse transcription of the isolated RNA. Hybridization of the cDNA to a microarray was performed to facilitate gene expression profiling. Finally, fluorescently labeled microarrays were analyzed, and the identities of induced and repressed genes were uncovered in the open‐source software Magic Tool. Analyses of microarray experiments performed using three independent biological samples per strain and three technical replicas and dye swaps showed induction of genes coding for major sperm proteins and repression of SPP‐2 in vsm‐1 mutants. Microarray results were also validated and quantified by using quantitative PCR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear and Nonlinear Thinking: A Multidimensional Model and Measure
Authors: Groves Kevin S. , Vance Charles M.
Published: February 2014

Building upon previously developed and more general dual‐process models, this paper provides empirical support for a multidimensional thinking style construct comprised of linear thinking and multiple dimensions of nonlinear thinking. A self‐report assessment instrument (Linear/Nonlinear Thinking Style Profile;LNTSP) is presented and preliminarily tested across three studies with an overall sample of 778 respondents comprised of business students and managers. The results indicate that nonlinear thinking style consists of seven distinct, yet interrelated dimensions: intuition, creativity, values, imagination, flexibility, insights, and emotions. Convergent and discriminant validity estimates vis‐à‐vis a multidimensional creative thinking index and an emotional intelligence measure provide support for further development of the instrument. The implications of these results for future managerial cognition research are discussed, as well as potential practical applications of theLNTSPfor management education and business practice.
The Influence of Holidays on Wine Purchasing Behaviour: Marketing and Tourism Insights Based on a Holiday Experience in Greece
Authors: Alamanos Eleftherios , Kuznesof Sharron , Ritson Christopher
Published: February 2014

This study explores the influence of holiday experience in a wine producing country on consumers' future wine purchasing intentions. Findings from eight focus groups with UK wine consumers who have holidayed in Greece suggest that the effect is greater on highly involved wine consumers and depends on their knowledge of wines from the country, specifically grape varieties, wine producing areas and territorial certifications. This post‐holiday effect facilitates regeneration of memories from holidays when back in the home country, which can also generate interest for wine from the holiday destination and facilitate development of alternative tourism activities such as wine tourism. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved random laser spectroscopy of inhomogeneously broadened systems
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , García‐Revilla Sara , Carlos Luis D. , Pecoraro Edison , Arriandiaga María A. , Balda Rolindes
Published: February 2014

The understanding of energy transfer processes in biological systems occurring among optical centres which exhibit inhomogeneously broadened spectral bands is of paramount importance to determine time constants and spatial distribution of energy flow. A new time resolved‐spectroscopy based on the random laser generation of the optical probes is reported. As an example, the excited state relaxation of Rhodamine B molecules in an organic‐inorganic hybrid material is investigated. This kind of spectroscopy may resolve not only the spectral features of the system but also provide a high speed picture of the energy transfer and excited state relaxation of the involved optical probes. The results could be applied to other kind of efficient interacting chromophore pairs embedded in inhomogeneous scattering structures such as biological tissues.
Graft Copolymers with Complex Polyether Structures: Poly(ethylene oxide)‐graft‐Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) by Combination of Living Anionic and Photoinduced Cationic Graft Polymerization
Authors: Kahveci Muhammet U. , Mangold Christine , Frey Holger , Yagci Yusuf
Published: February 2014

A novel polymerization mechanism transformation strategy, involving anionic ring‐opening polymerization and photoinduced cationic polymerization, is successfully applied for the synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide)‐graft‐poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (PEO‐g‐PIBVE). First, poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐ethoxyl vinyl glycidyl ether) [P(EO‐co‐EVGE)] is synthesized by living anionic polymerization. The vinyl moieties of the functional PEO‐based polymer are converted to the hydrogen iodide adduct by photolysis of diphenyliodonium iodide, monitored using NMR spectroscopy. A modified mode of Lewis acid‐catalyzed living cationic polymerization is performed as a “grafting from” method to generate PIBVE segments grafted onto the PEO main chain. Both the intermediates and the final graft copolymers are characterized by gel‐permeation chromato­graphy (GPC) and 1H NMR analysis.

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Ultra‐differentiable classes and intersection theorems
Authors: Liess Otto , Okada Yasunori
Published: February 2014

The aim of the paper is to study the relation between ultra‐differentiable classes of functions defined in terms of estimates on derivatives on one hand and in terms of growth properties of Fourier transforms of suitably localized functions in the class on the other hand. We establish this relation for the ultra‐differentiable classes introduced in , , and show that the classes of , , can be regarded as inhomogeneous Gevrey classes in the sense of . We also discuss a number of properties of the weight functions used to define the respective classes and of their Young conjugates.
Vastus lateralis exhibits non‐homogenous adaptation to resistance training
Authors: Wells Adam J. , Fukuda David H. , Hoffman Jay R. , Gonzalez Adam M. , Jajtner Adam R. , Townsend Jeremy R. , Mangine Gerald T. , Fragala Maren S. , Stout Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Variations in transverse point of measure on the vastus lateralis (VL) may significantly affect the relationship between structure and function. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle architecture at 2 commonly used points of measure (VL0 and VL5). Methods: Maximal strength (1‐repetition maximum [1RM] barbell squat) and muscle architecture were assessed PRE and POST 15 weeks of periodized resistance training. VL0 was 50% of the straight line distance between the greater trochanter and lateral epicondyle of the femur. VL5 was 5cm medial to VL0. Results: Increases in 1RM strength (3.7 ± 2.4 kg; P = 0.004) were observed. Changes in muscle thickness (MT) at VL5 were significantly greater than at VL0 (P = 0.006). Changes in strength correlated with changes in muscle architecture at VL0 only (MT: r = 0.561; fascicle length: r = 0.503). Conclusions: Changes in muscle architecture appear to occur in a non‐homogeneous manner. Muscle Nerve 50: 785–793, 2014
Methodological gaps in the assessment of risk minimization interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Gridchyna Inna , Cloutier Anne‐Marie , Nkeng Lenhangmbong , Craig Camille , Frise Sarah , Moride Yola
Published: February 2014

Introduction

Since the introduction of therapeutic risk management regulatory guidance, an increase in the number of risk minimization interventions (RMIs) published in the literature has been observed. Methods used to evaluate their effectiveness remain, however, poorly examined.

Objective

This paper aimed to conduct a literature review on the methods of evaluation of effectiveness of RMIs and to identify methodological gaps.

Methods

The search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010, and updated on 1 April 2013. The following characteristics were extracted from each study: target population for the RMI, target population for the assessment of effectiveness, study design, data sources, and effectiveness outcome(s).

Results

A total of 188 unique RMIs were identified in the literature, of which effectiveness was evaluated in only 65 (34.6%) at the time of publication. The largest proportion of studies reviewed (n = 49, 75.4%) attempted to evaluate changes in behavior through prescribing or laboratory test practices. One quarter of studies evaluated the effect of RMIs on the occurrence of adverse events. Only a minority of studies used robust designs, such as randomized controlled trials (n = 6, 9.2%) or a quasi‐experimental design with a parallel comparison group (n = 8, 12.3%).

Conclusion

Lack of robust methodological design used in published studies on RMI effectiveness evaluation is an important methodological gap in the evaluation of RMI effectiveness. © 2014 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of stable polymeric esters by using organo‐activated acyl transfer reactions
Authors: Kakuchi Ryohei , Wongsanoh Kwanjira , Hoven Voravee P. , Theato Patrick
Published: February 2014

In this study, we succeeded in the in situ activation of nonactivated ester moieties embedded in polymer structures. Although poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) (PPFPMA) can react with 2‐ethylhexylamine at 50 °C in the presence of proton scavenger such as NEt3, such conditions were not suitable for poly(phenyl methacrylate) (PPhMA). Nevertheless, the combination of organo‐activating agents, namely 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and 1,2,4‐triazole (TZ) led to a facile conversion from ester to amide for PPhMA. The reaction between PPhMA and 2‐ethylhexylamine was conducted at 120 °C in the presence of one equivalent of TZ and three equivalents of DBU and yielded >99% ester conversion to afford corresponding polymethacrylamide derivatives as confirmed by FT‐IR and 1H NMR measurements. In addition, poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were also allowed to react with amines in the presence of the organo‐activating agents with dramatically increased conversions (>70%). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1353–1358
Syndiotactic polystyrene films with a cocrystalline phase including carvacrol guest molecules
Authors: Albunia Alexandra R. , Rizzo Paola , Ianniello Graziella , Rufolo Claudia , Guerra Gaetano
Published: February 2014

A monoclinic δ‐clathrate form of syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS) with carvacrol (a relevant natural phenolic antimicrobial) has been prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Very informative are Fourier transform infrared spectra, in particular their OH stretching region that shows a narrow peak and a broad band, corresponding to carvacrol molecules being isolated guest of the co‐crystalline phase or dissolved in the amorphous phase, respectively. Analogous spectral features allow discriminating, for many different s‐PS guests, between molecules being in crystalline or in amorphous phases. s‐PS co‐crystalline films with carvacrol molecules being prevailingly (more than 90%) guest of the co‐crystalline phase have been prepared, even for high carvacrol content (up to 10–11 wt %). The location of most antimicrobial molecules in the crystalline phase assures a decrease of desorption diffusivity of two to three orders and hence long‐term antimicrobial release. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 657–665
Quantum Chemistry Derived Criteria for Impact Sensitivity
Authors: Chen Zhao‐Xu , Xiao He‐Ming
Published: February 2014

Energetic materials are a special and important kind of substance. Impact sensitivity, which refers to the vulnerability to explosion under external stimuli, measures the safety and reliability of an energetic material and is a critical property. Various efforts have been made to rationalize the impact sensitivity of different types of energetic materials. Since a chemical explosion is a chemical reaction dominated phenomenon, a comprehensive understanding of such explosive processes requires detailed information of chemical bonding and molecular interaction. Quantum chemistry provides a modern theory of chemical bonding and computational quantum chemistry is a powerful tool to investigate chemical phenomena. Even at the very beginning of computational quantum chemistry, researchers in the field of energetic materials have begun to apply quantum chemistry to explosive properties. In this paper we review the quantum chemistry studies on impact sensitivity and examine various quantum chemistry derived parameters used to rationalize the impact sensitivity ordering of various energetic materials.
Theoretical description of charge transport in disordered organic semiconductors
Authors: Baranovskii S. D.
Published: February 2014

Twenty years ago Heinz Bässler published in this journal the seminal review article on charge transport in disordered organic semiconductors [Phys. Status Solidi B175, 15 (1993)], which has become one of the most popular references in this research field. Thanks to this paper, our understanding of charge transport in disordered organic materials has been essentially improved in the past two decades. New theoretical methods have been developed and new results on various phenomena related to charge transport in disordered organic materials have been obtained. The aim of the current review is to present these new theoretical methods and to highlight the most essential results obtained in their framework. While theoretical consideration in the article by Bässler was based on computer simulations, particular attention in the current review is given to the development of analytical theories. Dependences of charge carrier mobility and diffusivity on temperature, electric field, carrier concentration and on material and sample parameters are discussed in detail.Schematic behaviour of charge carriers within the Gaussian density of states (DOS)
Perspectives of APSG‐based multireference perturbation theories
Authors: Jeszenszki Péter , Nagy Péter R. , Zoboki Tamás , Szabados Ágnes , Surján Péter R.
Published: February 2014

Applicability of antisymmetrized product of strongly orthogonal geminals type wave functions, serving reference states for multireference many‐body perturbation theories, is discussed. Emerging recent interest in this field indicates a promising future of this approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress and Recovery Responses during a 105‐day Ground‐based Space Simulation
Authors: Nicolas Michel , Gushin Vadim
Published: February 2014

The present study analysed the time course of the psychological process of stress and recovery in six healthy male volunteers during the Mars 105 experimentation, a 105‐day ground‐based space analogue. The multidimensional assessment of stress and recovery responses showed that stress levels decreased significantly throughout the 105‐day isolated and confined extreme (ICE) experiment, especially on its social dimension. In line with previous studies, Fatigue showed a global and progressive reduction. The present results suggest that ICE exposure may not systematically induce stress overload and impaired psychological states. To optimize adaptation to ICE conditions, further improvements in positive psychological effects may be possible by improving the countermeasures, as well as the screening and selection of participants, in order to enhance coping capacities and to improve the balance of recovery–stress states. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participating in International Academic Publishing: A Taiwan Perspective
Authors: Min Hui‐Tzu
Published: February 2014

There has been growing concern among researchers and scholars about how nonnative‐English‐speaking academics in theexpanding circle(Kachru,, p. 520) cope with challenges while publishing in English in international refereed journals in the center. Most found that academics from peripheral countries where English is a foreign language, compared with native‐English‐speaking counterparts in theinner circle, suffer from a dual disadvantage: linguistic unsophistication and intellectual estrangement due to geographic isolation. It is thus imperative to understand how scholars from these countries address these challenges. This commentary focuses on the experiences of a group of applied linguists in Taiwan. It starts with an overview of the recent development of a higher education policy in Taiwan that aims to enhance the quality of local research output and thereby the ranking of local universities among Asian or international top‐tier universities. Then it addresses this policy's impact on local applied linguists' choice of venues for publishing research and the challenges they perceive in the process. It ends with suggestions for governments imposing this pressure on local scholars to revamp their evaluation standards and for mainstream academia andTESOLprofessionals and their counterparts teaching English as a foreign language to help these scholars share their voices in the center academia.
The binding problem
Authors: Burwick Thomas
Published: February 2014

The brain processes information in a distributed manner so that features of the sensory input are detected at different sites and subsets of these features are integrated into objects. The notion of ‘binding’ refers to the corresponding integration process, leading to perception of these objects as entities, and ‘the binding problem’ either refers to the scientific challenge of identifying mechanisms that may achieve binding or to the difficulty that mind and brain may have with binding in certain situations. This review concentrates on binding of properties in visual perception, but other varieties of the binding problem are also mentioned. The binding problem is reviewed from psychological, neurobiological, and computational perspectives.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction

Neuroscience > Cognition

Neuroscience > Physiology
Data stream mining in ubiquitous environments: state‐of‐the‐art and current directions
Authors: Gaber Mohamed Medhat , Gama João , Krishnaswamy Shonali , Gomes João Bártolo , Stahl Frederic
Published: February 2014

In this article, we review the state‐of‐the‐art techniques in mining data streams for mobile and ubiquitous environments. We start the review with a concise background of data stream processing, presenting the building blocks for mining data streams. In a wide range of applications, data streams are required to be processed on small ubiquitous devices like smartphones and sensor devices. Mobile and ubiquitous data mining target these applications with tailored techniques and approaches addressing scarcity of resources and mobility issues. Two categories can be identified for mobile and ubiquitous mining of streaming data: single‐node and distributed. This survey will cover both categories. Mining mobile and ubiquitous data require algorithms with the ability to monitor and adapt the working conditions to the available computational resources. We identify the key characteristics of these algorithms and present illustrative applications. Distributed data stream mining in the mobile environment is then discussed, presenting the Pocket Data Mining framework. Mobility of users stimulates the adoption of context‐awareness in this area of research. Context‐awareness and collaboration are discussed in the Collaborative Data Stream Mining, where agents share knowledge to learn adaptive accurate models.

This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining

Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Multilinear and nonlinear generalizations of partial least squares: an overview of recent advances
Authors: Zhao Qibin , Zhang Liqing , Cichocki Andrzej
Published: February 2014

Partial least squares (PLS) is an efficient multivariate statistical regression technique that has shown to be particularly useful for analysis of highly collinear data. To predict response variablesYbased independent variablesX,PLSattempts to find a set of common orthogonal latent variables by projecting bothXandYonto a new subspace respectively. As an increasing interest in multi‐way analysis, the extension to multilinear regression model is also developed with the aim to analyzing two‐multidimensional tensor data. In this article, we overview thePLS‐related methods including linear, multilinear, and nonlinear variants and discuss the strength of the algorithms. As canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is another similar technique with the aim to extract the most correlated latent components between two datasets, we also briefly discuss the extension ofCCAto tensor space. Finally, several examples are given to compare these methods with respect to the regression and classification techniques.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Prediction
Structures of Silica‐Based Nanoporous Materials Revealed by Microscopy
Authors: Han Lu , Ohsuna Tetsu , Liu Zheng , Alfredsson Viveka , Kjellman Tomas , Asahina Shunsuke , Suga Mitsuo , Ma Yanhang , Oleynikov Peter , Miyasaka Keiichi , Mayoral Alvaro , Díaz Isabel , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Stevens Sam M. , Anderson Michael W. , Xiao Changhong , Fujita Nobuhisa , Garcia‐Bennett Alfonso , Byung Yoon Kyung , Che Shunai , Terasaki Osamu
Published: February 2014

Ordered nanoporous structures are among the most fascinating and industrially important materials currently in use. The archetypal zeolite material has now been joined by an eclectic array of new structures that exhibit porosity over a wide range of length scales and with order/disorder expressed in a multitude of ways. This raises the bar in terms of characterization and extends a real challenge to the scientific community to fully understand the properties and potential future applications of such materials. In this review we discuss the importance of modern microscopy tools combined with diffraction in this endeavour and show how the details of even the most complex quasi‐crystalline nanoporous architectures can be elucidated. We show by using the appropriate spherical aberration (Cs) corrections in scanning transmission electron microscopy it is possible to decipher all the individual silicon and aluminum atoms in a zeolite structure. Automated routines for using large electron diffraction datasets for crystal structure determination of nanocrystals is described making the need for large single crystal synthesis less‐and‐less important. The power of complementary combinations of surface tools such as atomic force microscopy and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy is discussed to elucidate crystal growth mechanisms. For mesoporous materials synthesized from self‐organized organic mesophases electron microscopy reveals the details of the complex hierarchy of porosity so crucial for the functional performance of the structure.
Synthesis, and Electrochemical and Density Functional Studies of New Copper(II)‐ and Manganese(II) Oxicam Drugs. Redox Potentials and MOs Compatible with SOD‐like Activity and Unusual Six‐membered Rings of Water Molecules Bridging Complex Units
Authors: Tamasi Gabriella , Corsini Maddalena , Cini Renzo
Published: February 2014

The synthesis and rare structures of MnII and CuII complexes with OXI drugs (oxicam, a family of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs) are reported. On mixing MnII acetate with piroxicam (H2PIR) pale yellow single crystals of trans,trans‐[MnII(O‐N,N‐DMF)2(N,O‐HPIR)2], 1, dimethylformamide (DMF), were obtained. The structure shows two HPIR– anions chelate through pyridyl nitrogen and amide oxygen, and two positions around the metal atom are occupied by the two DMF molecules. The Mn–O(amide, HPIR) vector is much shorter than the two other coordination vectors, a novelty for MII(L)2(HOXI)2 molecules. Single crystals of trans,trans‐[CuII(H2O)2(N,O‐HTEN)2]·4H2O·2DMF, 2, (H2TEN, tenoxicam,) were obtained by long storage from DMF solutions of CuII(HTEN)2 during loading smart synthetic hydrogels. Compound 2 is the first example for MII(HOXI)2 units, linked to H2O molecules ever reported, and extensive networks of H2O···OH2 hydrogen bonds and Cu···OH2 bonds that involve six member cycles of water molecules arranged as puckered rings bridging MII(HOXI)2 entities. Infrared bands related to amide groups for HOXI– ligands are significantly influenced by the strength of M–O bonds in agreement with bond length trends. Electrochemical studies for CuII(HTEN)2 in tetrahydrofuran are in agreement with a SOD‐like scavenger activity at least for superoxide oxidation to molecular oxygen, E°(CuII/CuI, SCE) –0.31V. Furthermore, density functional investigation at the gas phase reproduces well the structure for trans,trans‐[MnII(O‐DMF)2(N,O‐HPIR)2] sextuplet molecule and for trans,trans‐[CuII(H2O)2(N,O‐HTEN)2] doublet molecule. Even a model of the {CuII(HTEN)2(OH2)···(H2O)4···(H2O)CuII(HTEN)2} entity found for 2 is well reproduced by theory. The estimate stabilization energy brought about by the six water molecules ring between two CuII(HTEN)2 molecules is 69 kcal.
Synthesis and Properties of Cobalt Sulfide Phases: CoS2 and Co9S8
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Raman Natarajan , Sundaresan Athinarayanan
Published: February 2014

Single phase cobalt disulfide (CoS2) nanoparticles were prepared by thermal decomposition of cobalt‐thiourea complex at a low temperature (400 °C). CoS2 nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic ordering at 122 K below which the temperature dependent resistivity of cold pressed nanoparticles deviates from metallic behavior and shows a broad maximum. Just below TC, it also exhibits a large magnetoresistance effect (6.5 %). A mixture of CoS and Co9S8 phases were obtained between the temperature interval 400 °C < T < 1000 °C. At 1000 °C, a pure bulk Co9S8 phase was obtained. It exhibits magnetic hysteresis typical of a ferromagnet at room temperature and a peak in magnetization at low temperature with a strong relaxation indicating possible spin glass state.
Ag1+xTlO2 (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.18), Novel Adaptations of the Delafossite Structure Type Featuring Subvalent Silver
Authors: Nuss Jürgen , Dietrich Volker , Curda Jan , Jansen Martin
Published: February 2014

A family of novel variations of the delafossite type of structure, Ag1+xTlO2, was synthesized and characterized. For three members the crystal structures were solved and refined on single crystal data: Ag1+αTlO2 [α = 0.18, P$\bar{3}$m1, Z = 1, a = 3.40427(9), c = 6.1296(1) Å, R1 = 0.033, 126 independent reflections]; Ag1+βTlO2 [β = 0.09, R$\bar{3}$m, Z = 6, a = 3.40685(8), c = 37.5953(9) Å, R1 = 0.039, 214 independent reflections]; Ag1+γTlO2 [γ = 0.03, R$\bar{3}$m, Z = 9, a = 3.403(2), c = 56.67(3) Å, R1 = 0.038, 397 independent reflections]. Different from the conventional delafossite structure, part of the silver layers accommodate an excess of ca. 0.18 silver atoms per layer, thus generating a subvalent bonding state of silver. In accordance with the structural findings, the new silver oxthallates(III) are metallic conductors, and show reduced binding energies for the silver 3d5/2 states, compared to silver(I) oxide.
An Investigation of Genetic Counselors’ Testing Recommendations: Pedigree Analysis and the Use of Multiplex Breast Cancer Panel Testing
Authors: Lundy Meghan G. , Forman Andrea , Valverde Kathleen , Kessler Lisa
Published: February 2014

Genetic testing recommendations for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer involve pedigree analysis and consultation of testing guidelines. The testing landscape for hereditary cancer syndromes is shifting as multiplex panel tests become more widely integrated into clinical practice. The purpose of the current study was to assess how genetic counselors utilize pedigrees to make recommendations for genetic testing, to determine consistency of these recommendations with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines and to explore current use of multiplex panel testing. Sixty‐nine genetic counselors were recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors Cancer Special Interest Group's Discussion Forum. Participation involved pedigree analysis and completion of an online questionnaire assessing testing recommendations and use of multiplex panel testing. Pedigree analysis and test recommendations were scored for consistency with NCCN guidelines. The average score was 12.83/15 indicating strong consistency with NCCN guidelines. Participants were more likely to consider multiplex testing when pedigrees demonstrated highly penetrant dominant inheritance but were not indicative of a particular syndrome. Participant concerns about multiplex panel testing include limited guidelines for both testing eligibility and medical management. This study demonstrates high utilization of pedigree analysis and raises new questions about its use in multiplex genetic testing.
Treatment of unicameral bone cyst: Systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Kadhim Muayad , Thacker Mihir , Kadhim Amjed , Holmes Laurens
Published: February 2014

Purpose

Different treatment modalities have been utilized to treat unicameral bone cyst (UBC), but evidence has not been fully described to support one treatment over another and the optimal treatment is controversial. The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different UBC treatment modalities.

Methods

We utilized Pubmed to isolate retrospective studies on patients with UBC who received any kind of treatment. The included studies needed to have a minimum sample size of 15 patients, and have provided data on radiographic healing outcome.

Results

Sixty-two articles were selected for the meta-analysis from a total of 463 articles. The cumulative sample size was 3,211 patients with 3,217 UBC, and male to female ratio was 2.2:1. The summary or pool estimate of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injection resulted in a healing rate of (77.4 %) that was comparable to bone marrow injection (77.9 %). A higher healing rate was observed with MPA injection when inner wall disruption was performed. The pool estimate of bone marrow with demineralized bone matrix injection was high (98.7 %). UBC healing rate after surgical curettage was comparable whether autograft or allograft was utilized (90 %). UBC treatment with flexible intramedullary nails without curettage provided almost 100% healing rate, while continuous decompression with cannulated screws provided 89 % healing rate. Conservative treatment indicated a healing rate of 64.2, 95 % CI (26.7–101.8).

Conclusions

Active treatment for UBC provided variable healing rates and the outcomes were favorable relative to conservative treatment. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies and reporting bias, the interpretation of these findings should be handled with caution.
Identification of insulin as a novel retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor α target gene
Authors: Kuang Jiangying , Hou Xiaoming , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Yulong , Su Zhiguang
Published: February 2014

Insulin plays an important role in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor α (RORα) modulates physiopathological processes such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. In this study, we found overexpression of RORα in INS1 cells resulted in increased expression and secretion of insulin. Suppression of endogenous RORα caused a decrease of insulin expression. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays demonstrated that RORα activated insulin transcription via direct binding to its promoter. RORα was also observed to regulate BETA2 expression, which is one of the insulin active transfactors. In vivo analyses showed that the insulin transcription is increased by the synthetic RORα agonist SR1078. These findings identify RORα as a transcriptional activator of insulin and suggest novel therapeutic opportunities for management of the disease.
Private Sector Involvement in Public History Production in South Africa: TheSunday TimesHeritage Project
Authors: Marschall Sabine
Published: February 2014

This article investigates issues of identity construction and public memorialization in postapartheid South Africa. It focuses on theSunday TimesHeritage Project, a unique private-sector initiative that involved the installation of thirty memorials throughout the country between 2006 and 2008. The article discusses the conceptualization and implementation of the project, pointing out important differences between this private initiative and the state-directed heritage effort. By interrogating the nexus between race, space, and memory in the construction of memorials, the article highlights the significance of placement and location in the formation of new identity discourses.
RethinkingChimurengaandGukurahundiin Zimbabwe: A Critique of Partisan National History
Authors: Ndlovu-Gatsheni Sabelo J.
Published: February 2014

This article examines how the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) sought to inscribe a nationalist monologic history in Zimbabwe in order prop up its claim to be the progenitor and guardian of the postcolonial nation. Since its formation in 1963, it has worked tirelessly to claim to be the only authentic force with a sacred historic mission to deliver the colonized people from settler colonial rule. To achieve this objective, ZANU-PF has deployed the ideology ofchimurengain combination with the strategy ofgukurahundias well as a politics of memorialization to install a particular nationalist historical monologue of the nation. After attaining power in 1980, it proceeded to claim ownership of the birth of the nation. While the ideology ofchimurengasituates the birth of the nation within a series of nationalist revolutions dating back to the primary resistance of the 1890s, the strategy ofgukurahundientails violent and physical elimination of enemies and opponents. But this hegemonic drive has always encountered an array of problems, including lack of internal unity in ZANU-PF itself, counternarratives deriving from political formations like the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU); labor movements; and critical voices from the Matebeleland region, which fell victim togukurahundistrategy in the 1980s. With the formation of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in 1999, which soon deployed democracy and human rights discourse to critique the ideology ofchimurengaand the strategy ofgukurahundi, ZANU-PF hegemony became extremely shaky and it eventually agreed to share power with the MDC in February 2009.
Minority Rights, Culture, and Ethiopia's “Third Way” to Governance
Authors: Barata Data Dea
Published: February 2014

Following a successful armed resistance against a dictatorial state regime, a new government of former rebels took control of the national state in Ethiopia in 1991. Prompted partly by unfolding sea changes in global politics in the early 1990s, the new Ethiopian government pledged to undertake radical governance reform. More than twenty years after the new government took office, contested assessments of its record vis-à-vis its human and minority rights pledge, among other issues, have generated waves of debate, criticism, controversy, and global protests. Based on observations from southern Ethiopia, this article takes an ethnographic look at both the process and the outcome of Ethiopia's experiment with ethnic self-government, with a special focus on understanding the value of minority rights as an ideological construct. Conceptually, the paper attempts to explain a disjuncture between the globally prescribed ideal of human/minority group rights and the realities of governance on the ground.
Healthy life expectancy and the correlates of self-rated health in an ageing population in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh
Authors: TAREQUE MD. ISMAIL , ISLAM TOWFIQUA MAHFUZA , KAWAHARA KAZUO , SUGAWA MAKIKO , SAITO YASUHIKO
Published: February 2014

Ageing is going to be a major problem in Bangladesh given its population size, scarce resources, existing poverty, insufficient health facilities and lack of a social security system. This paper examines how many years older people expect to be in good health, and what are the correlates of self-rated health (SRH). The data used in this study come from 896 older people aged 60 years and above from Rajshahi district in Bangladesh and from United Nations’ projected population figures. Results show that individuals at age 60 expected about 41 per cent of their remaining life to be in good health, while individuals at age 80 expected only 21 per cent of their remaining life to be in good health. Having exercised during the six months prior to the survey was the single most important correlate of SRH (odds ratio=5.49; confidence interval 4.03–7.47; without any adjustment). While rural–urban differentials and some health decline in old age are inevitable, four factors (exercise behaviour, sufficiency of income, physical limitations and facing abusive behaviour) are to a certain extent modifiable and therefore provide the potential for improving SRH and healthy life expectancy in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh.
Abundance and distribution of wintering Scaly-sided Mergansers Mergus squamatus in China: where are the missing birds?
Authors: BARTER MARK , ZHUANG XULIANG , WANG XIN , CAO LEI , LEI JINYU , SOLOVYEVA DIANA , FOX ANTHONY D.
Published: February 2014

The Endangered Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus is amongst the most threatened of sea ducks (Mergini), with an estimated population of c.4,600 individuals based on a recent population estimate on the breeding areas in Primorye, Far East Russia, China and DPR Korea. For the first time, we present published and unpublished data on the wintering distribution in China and smaller numbers in Korea. We report 156 sightings during 2000–2011, together with 11 records of wintering sites using geolocation devices, from 16 provinces in China, with greatest concentrations in Jiangxi Province (97 reports from 18 sites). Both sources of data suggest some degree of winter site fidelity to fast-flowing clear water rivers 50–350 m wide, with riffles, islands or sand banks in hilly/mountainous areas with low levels of human disturbance. Surveys located a maximum of 370–770 birds, 8–17% of the estimated total population, confirming our poor knowledge of the species’ wintering distribution. There is an urgent need to define the wintering range of this species which is widely dispersed and nowhere abundant, but is threatened everywhere by dam construction, sand and gravel extraction, industrial and domestic pollution and fishing that threaten the integrity of the winter habitat. This also raises important conservation questions about how to protect such a species that is not highly concentrated and may require catchment scale nature conservation actions to effectively safeguard its current distribution.
Service user involvement in cancer professionals’ education: perspectives of service users
Authors: Keenan Gayle I. G. , Hodgson Denyse A.
Published: February 2014

Abstracts

Background

Service user involvement has been demonstrated as an important aspect of cancer professionals’ education. There is some understanding of service users’ incentive to be involved, but little insight into what motivates them. This study explores this concept more fully.

Purpose

To explore the motivations and experience of service users’ involvement in radiotherapy and oncology education.

Materials and methods

One-to-one interviews were conducted with service users who have been involved in education at the university. Thematic analysis was conducted. Five participants were asked about their motivations and experience of taking part in a variety of educational activities.

Results

The experience of being involved gave the participants a sense of wellbeing and purpose. Three sub-themes were identified that related to service users’ motivation for being involved in educational activities with undergraduate students. These were to promote awareness by sharing their experiences of cancer; improve patient care through learning from negative experience; and personal reward skills for survivorship.

Conclusions

This study has highlighted the importance of hearing the voice of the service users; a two-way engagement for which there are benefits for both the students and service users. The involvement of service users in education becomes part of their personal journey.