bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NMR- and GCMS -Based Metabolomics Approach of Morinda citrifolia
Authors: Rahman Nuur Iszuana Binti Abdul , Mian Vivien Jong Yi
Published: October 2021

Morinda citrifolia or Noni is known as an important dietary supplement, food functional ingredient, or as natural health enhancer that is used throughout the world. Different parts of the plant have been proven to carry compounds that have high medicinal values such as terpenoids, alkaloids and anthraquinones. The stem bark of Morinda citrifolia collected from different types of soil were studied. It aimed to investigate the influence of different geographical factor on its metabolite profile by multivariate statistical analyses of spectral data deduced by NMR methods. A metabolomic approach employing concatenated GCMS and NMR data was utilized to study the relationships between environment and plant metabolism. Morinda citrifolia stem barks were pulverized into fine powder. They were extracted using chloroform and were taken to dryness in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The Morinda citrifolia crudes were proceeded for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. Visual inspection on the 1H-NMR Morinda citrifolia spectra showed that the different geographical areas have similar profile, but they have different concentration of various constituents. Major constituents identified were aromatics (δH 7.25-7.50), sugars and glycosides (δH 2.25-5.0), fatty acids/aliphatics (δH 0.5-2.0) and aldehydic compound (δH 9.75). However, since the difference among the geographical areas were not clear from visual analysis, the analysis was proceeded using multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model. Thus, further analysis was done to examine the consistency of geographical area for each batch of Morinda citrifolia. This is to identify which type of soil is suitable as class model.
Research on electrodermal activity
Authors: Pierański Bartłomiej , Berčík Jakub
Published: October 2021

In this chapter, a method of physiological measurements—that is detection of electrodermal activity based on the sectonic activity of eccrine sweat glands—is discussed. It is believed that the excretion of sweat, which is regulated by the nervous system acting independently of human will, is an indicator of a person’s emotional arousal as a result of specific stimuli. Hence, the electrodermal reaction can be used in diagnosing emotional arousal caused by, e.g. specific products, advertisements or elements of the in-store space. Electrical activity of the skin is caused by two types of stimuli: sustained and one-off. Sustained stimuli have a continuous effect on the body over a relatively long period of time. On the other hand, one-off stimuli have a relatively strong and very short-lasting effect. This type is defined as novel, unexpected, significant or aversive. Electrodermal activity is measured on the skin surface (Strelau, 2006). Generally speaking, the measurement of electrodermal activity is one of the biometric measurements. Biometrics is a universal term that represents measurements of the body’s physiological responses—not directly of the brain—to external stimuli that are felt through the senses (Pradeep, 2010; Berčík & Rybanská, 2017). The electrodermal method allows to measure either electrical resistance or its inverse, i.e. the electrical conductivity of the skin. These measurements are carried out while a small current flows through the skin from an external source. Electrodermal activity measurement is performed with the use of special electrodes, electrode gels and recording devices. The available equipment for the analysis of electordermal activity is characterised by relatively low cost (compared to other devices for physiological measurements)of purchase and operation. Moreover, the electrodermal activity measurement is non-invasive and carries no risk to the health or life of the test subjects.
Descripción, características y beneficios de Passiflora edulis: parchita, fruto de la pasión, maracuyá
Authors: Landázuri Patricia , Loango Chamorro Nelsy , Aguillón Osma Johanny , Restrepo Cortés Beatriz , Arismendi Bustamante Johana , Monsalve Bedoya Verónica , Maldonado Celis María Elena
Published: October 2021

La obra recoge aspectos relevantes de la botánica, composición química y nutricional, la forma de cultivo y el uso medicinal y culinario de Passiflora Edulis.
Allium hookeri, Thw. Enum. A lesser known terrestrial perennial herb used as food and its ethnobotanical relevance in Manipur
Authors:   Rajiv Gandhi University, Ayam Victor
Published: October 2021

Manipur, one of the north-eastern states of India, is rich in plant diversity and the natives of Manipur have ethnobotanical and traditional knowledge of plants. The rich traditional knowledge of plants is the outcome of a number of hit and trial selections of plants from the wilderness, for consumption and traditional healing of various ailments. In spite of the risk of selection, the diverse food plants provide the required nutrient supplements; as a result deficiency or malnutrition related diseases were uncommon with the Manipuris. Almost all the world renowned sportspersons of Manipur come from poor families who depend on the traditional and indigenous food plants. Many of the plants act as important nutraceuticals, possessing the medicinal properties. Today, due to over exploitation and under production of indigenous food plants, the lifestyles of the people are changed and they prefer ‘junk foods’. Subsequently, the health of the people is deteriorating as the indigenous/traditional food plants are neglected at large. The plant is used as spice/condiment in dry or in fresh form in every household in almost all the traditional dishes. It acts as a good supplementary food, providing food security at the household level and help at the time of food crisis. The cultivation of this wild plant (now cultivated to a limited extent) not only generates income for the growers but also helps in the conservation of the plants and their germplasm. In spite of the immense use, Allium hookeri cultivation and its preservation has been decreased due to lack of research-based information of the plant, and due to the concept that wild/traditional plants are poor in nutrition and meant only for the poor. Moreover, agriculturalists and farmers take interest in the cultivation of only the high yielding few cash crops and vegetables. From the result of biochemical analyses, the field survey report and the information from literature, it is known that the plant is fit for consumption and has ethnobotanical relevance. The result of the survey in the urban markets and the rural vendors shows that Allium hookeri, Thw. Enum. is of high socio-economical relevance.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Anak: Tinjauan Perspektif Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Anak
Authors: Nurlani Meirina
Published: October 2021

Increasing economic demands shape the situation of a child having to work to help his parents to support his family's economy. Therefore, it is necessary to provide legal protection for child labor. Legal protection for child labor is an important instrument that must be considered by the government; considering that the guarantee of legal protection is a moral responsibility for the government to fulfill the welfare and justice of child workers. This type of research is legal research. This legal research uses a statute approach and conceptual approach. The legal materials used in this legal research are primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study state that legal protection for child labor is based on various laws and regulations. The welfare of child workers will be obtained when the rights of child workers as stated in various laws and regulations are fulfilled and guaranteed by the company.  Prosperity in this study does not only have material meaning, but includes non-material aspects; as well as continuing to provide flexibility for children to continue to develop their capacity. Furthermore, regarding justice, child workers should also be given legal protection; considering that children are human beings who have human rights. Tackling the problem of child labor can be done using three efforts; namely preventive efforts, curative efforts, and repressive measures. On the other hand, an integrated planning is needed to deal with the problem of child labor. This sustainable planning is carried out to fulfill various fundamental rights of child labor.

KEYWORDS: Child Workers, Child Rights, Legal Protection for Child Workers.
Aspek Regulasi dan Kewenangan Penegakan Hukum Pajak Reklame
Authors: Nikita Tinara Aisyah , Kartika Adhitya Widya
Published: October 2021

Billboard tax collection in Surabaya is carried out based on the Mayor's Regulation Number 21 of 2018. This regulation licenses procedure and other matters that the taxpayer must obey. This study examined how to enforce the law on the delay in paying advertisement tax. This study used empirical legal research that observed the effectiveness of the law in society and how the law works in society. The data collected were from documentation from literature and legislation, observation in the community, and interviews with related parties. It showed that law enforcement was effective but with several obstacles experienced in enforcing the law. In particular, it dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic as the challenge that required new conditioning according to the recommendations from the central government. This study concluded that the law enforcement of billboard tax payments in Surabaya is quite effective due to the achievement of tax revenue targets that always reach the target.

KEYWORDS: Advertisement Tax, Billboard Tax, Law Enforcement, Tax, Surabaya.
Telaah Efektivitas Mekanisme Pemberhentian Presiden Indonesia: Perbandingan Praktik Amerika Serikat dan Korea Selatan
Authors: Adhihernawan Muhammad Yoppy , Fadhila Annisa Nur
Published: October 2021

Impeachment is a part of the control mechanism in the constitutional system to allege the President's violation of the constitution. Impeachment characterizes presidential systems as implemented in various countries, such as the United States, South Korea, and Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the rule and practice on the impeachment of the President and/or Vice President in Indonesia, with reference to the United States and South Korea. Then, it analyzed how this mechanism is effective to be implemented in Indonesia. This study used a juridical research method with a comparative law approach. This study indicated differences in impeachment in the United States, South Korea, and Indonesia. The impeachment mechanism in the United States only involved representative institutions, but that in Indonesia and South Korea required judicial intervention. In particular, Indonesia's impeachment dealt with the decision that remained in the hands of the political institution, the People's Consultative Assembly. In South Korea, the final decision ended in the judicial institution. Through this comparison, Indonesia should reformulate the impeachment mechanism of the President and/or Vice President in Indonesia with the following suggestions. First, regarding allegations of serious violations, the final impeachment decision must be in the Constitutional Court. Second, concerning allegations of misconduct, the decision on impeachment must rest with the People's Consultative Assembly.

KEYWORDS: Impeachment, Indonesia, South Korea, United States.
ÖLMEK VE ÖLÜM ÜZERİNE BİR ÇEŞİTLEME
Authors: TOR Gülseren
Published: October 2021

Türk toplumu için, ölümün rengi kara, tadı acı, ölünün yüzü soğuktur. Ölüm dönüşü olmayan bir yolculuk, sonsuz uykudur. Acı gerçek ölmek, Türkçede genellikle örtmeceyle dile getirilirken, bu sözcüğün türevleri ve yan anlamlarında ölümün istenmeyen çağrışımları, ürkütücülüğü, korkutuculuğu yok olmaktadır. Böylece öl- sözcüğü her tür kavramlaştırmada rahatça kullanılabilmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Türkçesinde öl- eylemini karşılayan sözlere yer verilecek, öl- eyleminin türevleri, birleşik eylemlerde ve kalıp sözlerde kullanımı üzerinde durulacak, kavramlaştırmadaki yeri açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Öl-, ölü, ölüm kavram alanına giren sözcükler ve Türk kültüründe önemli bir yer tutan kalıp sözlerden örnekler sunulacaktır.
Les effets d’une approche littératiée sur la communication orale en classe de mathématiques de 7e/8e année dans un programme d’immersion française
Authors: Morneau Marie-Josée , Bérubé Daniel
Published: October 2021

Résumé

Cet article traite des principaux résultats d’une étude ayant comme objectif de mesurer les effets d’une approche littératiée sur les habiletés de communication orale en langue seconde lors d’un cours de mathématique dans une classe de 7e/8e année dans un programme d’immersion française précoce au Manitoba, Canada.  Certains tests paramétriques ont démontré un effet positif sur la structure syntaxique à l’oral, ce qui suggère que l’approche littératiée peut jouer un rôle clé dans la facilitation du raisonnement mathématique en contexte immersif.

Abstract

This article reports the primary results of a study exploring the effects of a literacy-based approach on oral accuracy in second language during a Grade 7/8 mathematics class in a French Immersion program in Manitoba, Canada.  Some of the parametric tests showed a positive effect on sentence structure in oral communication, which suggests that a literacy-based approach can play a key role in the facilitation of mathematical reasoning in an immersion setting.
Apresentação
Authors: Costa Greciely Cristina da
Published: October 2021

A revista Línguas e Instrumentos Linguísticos em seu 47° número apresenta nove artigos na Seção Aberta, um artigo na Seção Crônicas e Controvérsias, seis artigos no Dossiê, e, por fim, uma Resenha.
Kekaburan Norma dalam Pasal 55 Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 Tentang Badan Penyelenggaraan Jaminan Sosial
Authors: Winarno Andrias , Bambang Sugiri Bambang , Cholil Yuliati
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe issues that will be examined in this article relate to the vagueness of norms in Article 19 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) in conjunction with Article 55 of the BPJS Law. The confusion of norms occurs because there are no clear boundaries regarding the elements in the article so that in practice there is some information that can be provided in BPJS contributions. This paper will examine what actually urges criminal acts in the BPJS Law and what the concept of classification should be. This article uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that the urgency of regulating criminal acts in Article 55 of the BPJS Law includes legal certainty, authority, and legal benefits. The ideal concept of conception can be arranged in the aspect of the table, from light to heavy with a certain time limit.Keywords: Obscurity Norm; BPJS Law; Classification of Crime.AbstrakPermasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam artikel ini berkaitan dengan kekaburan norma dalam Pasal 19 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) juncto Pasal 55 UU BPJS. Kekaburan norma tersebut terjadi karena dianggap tidak adanya batasan yang jelas mengenai unsur-unsur pelanggaran pada pasal tersebut sehingga dalam prakteknya terdapat beberapa pelanggaran keterlambatan perusahaan dalam membayar iuran BPJS. Tulisan ini akan menelaan apa sesunggunya urgensi klasifikasi tindak pidana dalam UU BPJS dan bagaimana konsep ideal klasifikasi yang seharusnya. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual.   Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urgensi diaturnya klasifikasi tindak pidana dalam Pasal 55 UU BPJS meliputi kepastian hukum, efektivitas norma dan kemanfaatan hukum. Konsep ideal klasifikasi dapat meliputi pengaturan di aspek keterlambatan, mulai dari ringan hingga berat dengan batasan waktu tertentu.Kata Kunci: Kekaburan Norma; UU BPJS; Klasifikasi Tindak Pidana.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in health care workers in a third level hospital in Turkey
Authors: ESER Erhan , SENOL Sebnem , AKÇALI Sinem , ECEMİŞ Talat , DÜNDAR Pınar , ÇİÇEK Kübra , AKMAN Damla , TÜZÜN Ecem , ŞANLI ERKEKOĞLU Gülsüm , BURAN Zeynep , ÖZTÜRK Zeynep , KARADAĞ Ferya
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the previous four months (March-July 2020) SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, seroprevalence and the variables affecting these in HCWs in a university hospital. Methods: The present study is a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study on HCWs working in a tertiary hospital during the first stage (March-July 2020) of the outbreak in Turkey. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against the spike structure of the virus was investigated by the chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLIA) method using the commercial antibody kit (COV2T, Siemens®, Tarrytown, NY, US). Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle, risky occupational and social and personal protective equipment (PPE) usage were independent variables of the study. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used in univariate analyzes, and accepted type 1 error value was 0.05. The analyzes were made using the SPSS 23.0 package program. Results: 1177 out of a total of 1702 health workers participated in the study. Participation rate was 69.1% . The mean age of the study group was 35.3 ± 9.8 and 62.7% were females. SARS-CoV-2 infection rate detected by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT-PCR) or antibody test (Elisa) was (18/1177) 1.5%; The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 1.01%. 17% of the entire SARS-CoV-2 cases were asymptomatic. The highest infection prevalence was significantly higher in auxiliary health workers (3.7%) compared to other groups. The presence of symptoms HCW’s and their family members that did not exist before in the last 15 days, being overweight or obese and consulting as contacted person in survelliance unit were significantly related to having SARS-CoV-2 infection (p
Magnetic circuit optimization of linear dynamic actuators
Authors: Kazup Laszlo , Varadine Szarka Angela
Published: October 2021

Contactless braking methods (with capability
of energy recuperation) are more and more widely used and they replace the
traditional abrasive and dissipative braking techniques. In case of rotating
motion, the method is trivial and often used nowadays. But when the movement
is linear and fast alternating, there are only a few possibilities to break
the movement. The basic goal of research project is to develop a linear
braking method based on the magnetic principle, which enables the efficient
and highly controllable braking of alternating movements. Frequency of the
alternating movement can be in wide range, aim of the research to develop
contactless braking method for vibrating movement for as higher as possible
frequency. The research includes examination and further development of
possible magnetic implementations and existing methods, so that an efficient
construction suitable for the effective linear movement control can be
created. The first problem to be solved is design a well-constructed
magnetic circuit with high air gap induction, which provides effective and
good dynamic parameters for the braking devices. The present paper
summarizes the magnetostatics design of “voice-coil linear actuator” type
actuators and the effects of structure-related flux scattering and its
compensation.
Collaborative systems for telemedicine diagnosis accuracy
Authors: Tene Koyazo Jacques , Ugwiri Moise Avoci , Lay-Ekuakille Aimé , Fazio Maria , Villari Massimo , Liguori Consolatina
Published: October 2021

The transmission of medical data and the possibility for distant
healthcare structures to share experiments about a given medical case raises
several conceptual and technical questions. Good remote healthcare
monitoring deals with more problems in personalized heath data processing
compared to the traditional methods nowadays used in several parts of
hospitals in the world. The adoption of telemedicine in the healthcare
sector has significantly changed medical collaboration. However, to provide
good telemedicine services through new technologies such as cloud computing,
cloud storage, and so on, a suitable and adaptable framework should be
designed. Moreover, in the chain of medical information exchange, between
requesting agencies, including physicians, a secure and collaborative
platform enhanced the decision-making process. This paper provides an
in-depth literature review on the interaction that telemedicine has with
cloud-based computing. On the other hand, the paper proposes a framework
that can allow various research organizations, healthcare sectors, and
government agencies to log data, develop collaborative analysis, and support
decision-making. The electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram EEG
case studies demonstrate the benefit of the proposed approach in data
reduction and high-fidelity signal processing to a local level; this can
make possible the extracted characteristic features to be communicated to
the cloud database.
Transition Metal-Ions Incorporated PEG300 and TDI Based Hydroxy-Terminated Polyurethanes
Authors: Laxmi  , Shahzaib Adnan , Khan Shabnam , Ghosal Anujit , Zafar Fahmina , Alam Manawwer , Nami Shahab A. A. , Nishat NAHID
Published: October 2021

Present work reports the synthesis of polyethylene glycol, PEG 300 (soft segment) and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, TDI (hard segment) based hydroxy-terminated polyurethane ligands (HTPU300) for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The effect of 3d transition metal ions with different 3d electrons within HTPU (M(II)-HTPU300, M= Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn) was evaluated by their physical and antibacterial studies of the final complex polymeric unit. M(II) HTPU300 and was conveniently synthesized in appreciable yields following a facile and one-pot addition polymerization reaction scheme. Foremost the thermal stability of all the M(II)-HTPU300 polymeric materials were evaluated using TGA, DSC, and IPDT calculations. FTIR technique was used to ascertain the structure of M(II)-HTPU300, while SEM/EDX and XRD techniques were used to study their morphology, elemental analysis, and crystalline nature of the material, respectively. Further, the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the PU was investigated against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strains. The comparatively moderate efficacy against bacterial stain supports the possible application of such PU as thermally stable bacterial resistant materials constructed out of degradable PEG.
Predicting Suitable Habitats of Melia Azedarach L. Using Data Mining
Authors: Feng Lei , Tian Xiangni , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Qiu Jian , Feng Ze , Sun Jiejie , Wang Guibin , Wang Tongli
Published: October 2021

Background: Melia azedarach L. is a globally distributed tree species of economic importance; however, it is unclear how the species distribution will respond to future climate changes.Methods: We aimed to select the most accurate one among seven data mining models to predict the species suitable contemporary and future habitats. These models include: maximum entropy (MaxEnt), support vector machine (SVM), generalized linear model (GLM), random forest (RF), naive bayesian model (NBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). A total of 906 M. azedarach locations were identified, and sixteen climate predictors were used for model building. The models’ validity was assessed using three measures (Area Under the Curves (AUC), kappa, and accuracy). Results: We found that the RF provided the most outstanding performance in prediction power and generalization capacity. The top climate factors affecting the species distribution were mean coldest month temperature (MCMT), followed by the number of frost-free days (NFFD), degree-days above 18°C (DD>18), temperature difference between MWMT and MCMT, or continentality (TD), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and degree-days below 18°C (DD<18). We projected that future suitable habitat of this species would increase under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s.Conclusion: Our findings are expected to assist in better understanding the impact of climate change on the species and provide scientific basis for its planting and conservation.
Evolutionary trajectory and origin of SARS-CoV-2 variant
Authors: Wang Anyou
Published: October 2021

Alignment-based quality attributes have identified several variants of SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) that causes COVID-19 pandemic, but they face challenges to provide dynamic trajectory and origin of these variants. This study employs an alignment-free approach combining Fréchet distance (Fr) and artificial recurrent neural network to reveal evolutionary trajectory and origin of SARS-CoV-2 variant. Fr generates a distance matrix of 84 genome features and more than one million of genome sequences. Recurrent neural networks use this Fr matrix to quantitatively identify variants and reveal the evolutionary trajectory and origin of SARS-CoV-2. Total 34 SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified. All these variants dynamically delete their genome during evolution, but their trajectory and deletion degree varies with individual variants, which can be classified into 3 groups, slight mutation group (13 members), middle level deletion (17 members), and high deletion (4 members). The slight deletion group works like wild type and its trajectory waves only slightly and temporarily, which has very low infection capacity. The high deletion group fluctuates with a rough trajectory characterized as a large loss and it also infects humans lightly. The middle deletion group gradually deletes their genome with a certain rhythm trajectory, corresponding to the pandemic peaks. This group causes most of the global COVID-19 cases. At least 3 mink coronavirus variants pose 56 genome features similar to SARS-CoV-2 and they are predicted to be able to infect human, and thus mink is the most likely origin of SARS-CoV-2, and the origin path follows this order: mink, cat, tiger, mouse, hamster, dog, lion, gorilla, leopard, bat, and pangolin. Therefore, this mink-origin SARS-CoV-2 evolves with a gradual deletion rhythm to infect humans
Risk Factors for Typical Endometrial Polypoid Adenomyoma
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Zhang Hongyuan , Xu Juan , Qu Pengpeng
Published: October 2021

Objective: Typical endometrial polypoid adenomyoma (TPA) is a rare type of lesion in the uterine cavity or cervical canal. Although the clinical and pathologic features of TPA have been described extensively, reports on its pathogenesis and treatment remain inconclusive. This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for endometrial TPA and recurrence and to further define the pathogenesis and treatment.Study design: This was a retrospective analysis of 488 cases of TPA and 500 cases of normal endometrium. Age, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), reproductive history, and method of surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Among TPA cases, 360 were treated by conservative surgery. Risk factors for TPA and recurrence were assessed.Results: There was a significant difference in age, menopausal status, BMI, gravidity, and parity between the two groups (P<0.05). Age >50 years, menopause, obesity, gravidity >3, and parity >2 were risk factors for TPA (P<0.05). The incidence rate of endometriosis and adenomyosis in the TPA group was significantly higher than that in the normal endometrium group (P<0.05). Follow-up data (22–77 months) were obtained for 360 patients, revealing gravidity >3, menopause, curettage, and polyp clamp as independent risk factors for the recurrence of TPA (P<0.05). Conclusions: In addition to high estrogen levels, endometrial injury was the main contributor to TPA pathogenesis. Hysteroscopic electrotomy was the preferential treatment for TPA to avoid recurrence, especially for women with risk factors. Increasing the depth of ablation may prevent the recurrence of TPA more efficiently.
Metabolomic Profiling of Five Hulless Barley with Different Seed Coat Colors
Authors: Liang Lijing , Li Wenbo , Tian Min , Pan Jiajia , Feng Zongyun
Published: October 2021

Colored hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a high-quality germplasm resource that is rich in nutrients, such as protein, β-glucan, flavonoids, amino acids, vitamins, microelements, and dietary fiber. However, a systematic evaluation of the metabolites present in colored cultivars is lacking. This study employed an untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the metabolic profiles of five hulless barley cultivars with different grain colors. Six-hundred and eight metabolites in various chemical categories were detected; ABC transporters, flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were found to be the most significant metabolic pathways. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed significant metabolic differences among the samples, and the colored barley cultivars could be separated from white barley. Black, blue, and purple grains rich in natural antioxidants were identified as promising ingredients for the development of cereal-based functional foods. These findings showed that the nutritional function and quality of hulless barley were strongly correlated with its natural color, thereby improving our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms and functional health value associated with different seed coat colors in different hulless barley cultivars. Our results thus provide a theoretical basis for the future study of hulless barley-related products.
Highly Effective Adsorption of Caffeine by a Novel Activated Carbon Prepared From Coconut Leaf
Authors: Oliveira Elvio N. , Meneses Alex T. , de Melo Samara F. , Dias Franciele M. R. , Perazzini Maisa T. B. , Perazzini Hugo , Meili Lucas , Soletti João I. , Carvalho Sandra H. V. , Bispo Mozart D.
Published: October 2021

The disposal of coconut wastes is costly and damaging to the environment, but its uses are advantageous activated carbons production. Coconut leaves waste were used for activated carbon production by pyrolysis at 500º C and activation with potassium carbonate. The activated carbon was used for caffeine removal from aqueous solution. The coconut leaves activated carbon showed a predominantly amorphous structure from X-ray diffraction analysis and a pH at the zero charge point of 7.9. From the N2 adsorption/desorption method, the adsorbent showed a predominance of mesopores, with average pore size of 45.48 ηm and a surface area of 678.03 m2/g. From kinetic studies the data followed the pseudo-second order, where the intraparticle diffusion can be neglected. The adsorption isotherms were satisfactorily adjusted for the Redlich-Peterson model and a type curve L was identified. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption occurred spontaneously, was exothermic and governed by physical adsorption. The artificial neural networks developed were capable of predicting both kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data under different operating conditions and was comparable to the traditional models available in literature in the training experiments, encouraging its use for data generalization when an efficient dataset is used. In conclusion, coconut leaves waste showed to be a promising feedstock to produce activated carbon aiming caffeine removal from water and wastewater.
Removal and Adsorption Mechanism of Tetracycline Using Manganese-modified Cotton Straw Biochar in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Xiao , Shi Shaoyang , Hu Xuefei , Sun Tao , Zhang Juanxiang , Li Fayong
Published: October 2021

Farming in China’s rural areas leads to antibiotic pollution in waterbodies making it a grave issue. Cotton straw biochar (CSBC) was prepared by oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 400 °C (CSBC400) and 600 °C (CSBC600); and Mn-modified CSBC (MCSBC) was produced by the KMnO4 wrapping method for tetracycline (TC) removal from aqueous solutions. The effects of temperature, initial solution concentration, pH, ion type, and ionic strength on TC adsorption were investigated. The adsorption process of the biochars achieved an equilibrium state after 360 min, and the highest equilibrium adsorption amount (13.254 mg/g) was found for MCSBC. The kinetic adsorption process, which was dominated by chemisorption, was well-described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption was a non-homogeneous heat absorption process, and the adsorption isotherm data fitting was compatible with the Freundlich model. A better adsorption effect of MCSBC was observed when the pH was < 4. Monovalent cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, and Ca2+) had a facilitative effect on the adsorption process. The adsorption mechanisms of TC by MCSBC included pore diffusion, H bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π–π accumulation. Therefore, MCSBC has a good adsorption capacity for TC and can be used for the treatment of TC-based pollutants in aqueous environments.
Role of Liver Biopsy in Management of Liver Diseases Following End of the Interferon Era: Experience of A Tertiary Referral Centre
Authors: Ehsan Nermine A , Elsabaawy Maha M , Sweed Dina M , Karman Esraa A , Abdelsameea Eman , Mohamed Anwar A
Published: October 2021

Background: Liver biopsy (LB) is the cornerstone in the management of patients with liver diseases. However, a lot of queries had emerged about its role following the end of the interferon era. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the current role of LB in the diagnosis of liver diseases. Methods: All patients who had underwent LB at the department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, from January 2015 through December 2018 were recruited. Indications for LB, pathology reports, and medical records of all cases were retrieved, reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 275 liver biopsies were collected, 191 males and 84 females with mean age 41.22±13.36 years. Etiological diagnosis made by histopathological evaluation was 48 drug induced liver injury (DILI), 42 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 34 chronic hepatitis B, or C with cholestasis, 29 autoimmune hepatitis, 34 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 13 primary biliary cholangitis, 7 autoimmune overlap syndrome, 13 active bilharziasis, 10 Wilson’s disease. Minor number of cases were diagnosed by different other etiologies. Initial diagnosis was made by liver biopsy and confirmed by clinical response and laboratory findings. Conclusion: Liver biopsy is still considered as the gold standard diagnostic measure of different liver diseases representing an integral component of management decisions in hepatology.
Prediction of Alzheimer Disease Using Pearson Recursive Graph Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Roobini M.S , Lakshmi M.
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer diseases are very hard to identify at beginning stage and also medication is available. So, the only way to protect those people is to predict the Alzheimer disease before it reaches the peak. More studies in diabetes show that there is a link between Diabetes and Alzheimer. Initially the prediction of diabetes is done using most relevant parameters, which detects the Diabetes. Then the severity level of diabetes is identified using some scoring levels. Based on scoring levels of diabetes, it is classified in to Type1 and Type2 using Machine Learning algorithms. When Diabetes reaches a worst case, it may affect any organs in the human body, whereas Type 2 Diabetes has associated with rare diseases which literally affects the brain and leads to cognitive impairment. After predicting the patients having cognitive impairment by applying classification algorithms are further examined to check whether it leads to Alzheimer disease. For this prediction the most relevant parameters which are common to Diabetes and Alzheimer is identified. Further identified parameters are used for prediction of Alzheimer disease with high accuracy which is helpful for taking precaution measures. In this proposed work, the most relevant features are selected using Pearson correlation-based feature elimination method and the diagnosis of the diabetes are carried using the Graph convolutional neural network (GCN). The measures of performance of the proposed work are calculated with various factors like Sensitivity measure, Recall, Precision, F-Measure. Proposed has achieved highest of 98.91%, 97.01%, 98.62%, 98.91% in above metrics.
Biogeochemical Effects of a Forest Understory Plant Invasion Depend More On Dissimilar Nutrient Economies Than Invader Biomass
Authors: Podzikowski Laura Y , Lee Marissa , Fahey Catherine , Wright Justin , Flory S. Luke , Phillips Richard P.
Published: October 2021

There is an increasing need to better understand how and why invasion impacts differ across heterogeneous landscapes. One hypothesis predicts invader impacts are greatest where the invader is most abundant (the mass ratio hypothesis; MRH). Alternatively, invader impacts may be greatest in communities where the nutrient acquisition strategies of the invader are most dissimilar from those of native species (the nutrient economy dissimilarity hypothesis; NEDH). We tested whether the effects of an invasive grass, Microstegium vimineum, on soil biogeochemistry were best explained by MRH, NEDH, or both. At three locations (Indiana, North Carolina, and Georgia), invaded and reference plots were established across a nutrient economy gradient. Plots varied in the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) vs. ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associated overstory trees, reflecting gradients in biotic nutrient acquisition strategies and edaphic factors. At two locations, we found NEDH predicted invader effects on soil conditions. The net effect of M. vimineum homogenized soil properties across the nutrient economy gradient towards conditions consistent with AM-dominated stands; as such, the nutrient economy gradients observed in uninvaded plots were mostly absent in invaded plots. At one location with high N availability and intermediate acidity, both ECM-dominance (NEDH) and invader abundance (MRH) predicted differences in soil moisture, pH, and nitrification rates. Collectively, these results suggest the biogeochemical consequences of M. vimineum depend, in part, on pre-invasion soil nutrient economies. Where pre-invasion conditions are known, we provide a scalable and predictive approach to determine where impacts on biogeochemical cycling of C and N may be greatest.
Analysis of Prognostic Factors Influencing Survival and Recurrence in Breast Cancer: A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Lee Jae Bin , Choi Jihye , An Mi Sun , Kim Jong-Yeup , Kwon Seong Uk , Kim Jungeun , Lee Seunghee , Jeon Seongwoo , Lee ChungChun , Lee Suehyun , Woo Hyekyung
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The present study sought to identify prognostic factors for breast cancer survival and recurrence using a machine learning approach and electronic medical record data.Methods: We used a machine learning technique called feature selection to identify factors influencing breast cancer prognosis, and factors affecting survival and recurrence in a Cox regression model. Results: History of relapse, type of surgery, diagnostic route, SEER stage, and hormone therapy all affected breast cancer survival. Recurrence of breast cancer was affected by age, history of diabetes, breast reconstruction, pain, breast lumps, nipple discharge, and the presence of other symptoms. According to the survival analysis based on feature selection, patients with diabetes had a significantly higher risk of early recurrence of breast cancer (hazard ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.04–11.2, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study identified several factors associated with breast cancer prognosis. While survival was affected by the diagnostic route, recurrence was primarily influenced by breast cancer symptoms and other underlying health conditions. A more accurate and standardized model considering time-to-event data could be developed in the future to evaluate prognostic factors and predict prognoses, and for clinical validation
Laparoscopic Anatomical Resection of Liver Segment 8 via a Hepatic Parenchymal Transection-first Approach Guided by the Middle Hepatic Vein
Authors: You Nan , Wu Ke , Li Jing , Zheng Lu
Published: October 2021

Background Although recent technological developments and improved endoscopic procedures have further extended the application of laparoscopic liver resection, pure laparoscopic anatomic resection of liver segment 8 (S8) is still rarely performed due to the lack of an appropriate surgical approach. This article discusses the technical tips and operation methods for laparoscopic anatomical resection of liver S8 via a hepatic parenchymal transection-first approach.Methods Clinical data of 14 patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomical resection of liver segment 8 via a hepatic parenchymal transection-first approach guided by the middle hepatic vein (MHV) in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) from May 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and hospitalization duration were observed.Results The operation was successful with no complications. No other abnormality was noted during outpatient follow-up examination.Conclusions Laparoscopic anatomical resection of liver S8 is still quite challenging at present, and it is our goal to design a reasonable procedure with accurate efficacy and high safety. We use hepatic parenchymal transection-first approach guided by the MHV for laparoscopic anatomical resection of liver S8. This technique overcomes the problem of high technical risk, greatly reduces the surgical difficulty and achieves technological breakthroughs, but there are still many problems worth further exploration.
The Scientific Evaluation Standard of Medical Articles for Public: a Delphi Study
Authors: Xu Xin , li Qiyu , Qi Fei , Yu Wen-li , Zhang Ying , Li Yang , Sun Xin-ying , Wu Yi-bo
Published: October 2021

Background At present, the quality of articles in the field of medical popularization in China cannot be guaranteed, so it is necessary for experts engaged in scientific popularization to estabish a consensus on scientfic evaluation criteria to improve it.Objective This article aims to improve this by reaching a consensus about the scientificalness of medical articles for public through Delphi method among experts.Method The article type is research article.On the basis of AGREE II method, a set of criteria for evaluating the scientificalness of popular science articles was established, and then three rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted in order to achieve the final consensus.Results A total of 31 people took part in all three rounds of research, while 4 people lost their visits. Most metric reaches consensus (agreement>80%) in the final round while there remains argument concerning the “Total number of evidence selected”, “Whether a case is regarded as general situation”, “If new research evidence exists”, “The qualification of the platform for the publication of popular science articles” and “Conflict of interest”.Conclusion This study established a unified scientific evaluation standard for medical popular science articles. The study is of great significance to the establishment of operable scientific evaluation standard of popular science articles. Future research should focus on the diversity in specific aspect.
A Survey on Telemedicine in a Sleep Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Benefits and Barriers!
Authors: Tondo Pasquale , Scioscia Giulia , Hoxhallari Anela , Sabato Roberto , Barbaro Maria Pia Foschino , Lacedonia Donato
Published: October 2021

Background. Several restrictive measures have been taken to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, restricting the access to outpatient follow-ups, increasing waiting lists in chronic diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of study is to evaluate the benefits and the barriers of telemedicine in a sleep clinic.Methods. Subjects with diagnosis of OSA treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were surveyed with a phone-questionnaire to assess the difficulties and knowledge of remote monitoring systems (telemedicine). Furthermore, the participants were divided into two groups according to the favor of telemedicine visits, POSITIVE (in-favor) and NEGATIVE (in favor of in-person visits) and compared with statistical methods.Results. Fifty-three OSA participants (85% men), aged 67,9±7,5 yrs and BMI 36,0±8,0 kg/m 2 were enrolled in the study. The comparison of POSITIVE (24/53) and NEGATIVE (29/53) groups showed some significant differences: knowledge of telemedicine (p=0,001), high education level (p=0,01) and high computer skills (p=0,001) are the main factors influencing the acceptance of telemedicine. In addition, 57% of overall participants seem more likely to conduct a remote visit in the future.Conclusions. Although telemedicine is a useful tool, a majority of patients in our study preferred in-person visits. However, they are willing to conduct telemedicine visits in the future, so our findings suggest that improving patient computer skills and updating technological systems in order to facilitate patients' access may be important strategies to boost acceptance of telemedicine.
Paclitaxel Combined with Ticagrelor Inhibits B16F10 and Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cell Metastasis
Authors: Meng Xingjun , Cao Zhihui , Liu Renfeng , Zheng Kai , Ding Shuai , Gu Yuefan , Chen Yonghua , Lv Jun , Li Ping , Zhou Li , Wang Wenbo , Ji Shiliang , He Hui , Yang Hui
Published: October 2021

It is widely accepted that tumor metastasis is the dominant factor leading to cancer-related death. Tumor metastasis is mediated by cell invasion, blood circulation and lymphatic circulation. Paclitaxel, as a common anti-tumor drug and a mitotic inhibitor, promotes microtubule assembly and inhibits microtubule depolymerization. In addition, ticagrelor, an anti-platelet drug, is used to treat acute coronary syndrome. An increasing numbers of studies have reported that platelets can facilitate tumor metastasis. Therefore, inhibiting the effects of platelets can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer. To explore the effect of anti-tumor and anti-platelet drugs on tumor progression, the murine melanoma cell line, B16F10, and Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were treated with paclitaxel and/or ticagrelor. Interestingly, the results demonstrated that paclitaxel and ticagrelor could not only suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of B16F10 and LLC cells, but they could also prevent tumor metastasis to the lungs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel and ticagrelor was more apparent when both drugs were used in combination. Collectively, the current study demonstrated that the combination of paclitaxel and ticagrelor could be considered as a potential anti-tumor therapy approach.