bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS OF THE MECHANISM OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE RIGHT OF THE PERSON TO HEALTHCARE
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Shvets Yuriy
Published: February 2021

The elements of the mechanism of administrative and legal protection of the right of an individual to protect health have been viewed. It’s broken down, and the administrative-legal mechanism for the seizure of the right to protect health is a system of interconnected elements that are involved in the process of the right to be protected. Warehouse workers: object (competence), subjects (organ of state power, institute of community administration, public community), submissions (legal and factual), principles (headquarters and special institutions), forms (courts I'll take it. It has been reported that the administrative-legal mechanism of securing the right of an individual to protect health is characterized by the following:  in the first place, it is a system of interconnecting and mutually modifying elements, leather from what kind of visuals has a role in the whole mechanism;  in a different way, in the capacity of a free transformer of normative attributions in a practical capacity, as a person may be competent without any kind of re-code, it will be quicker at any hour, because of the decisions of the submission of the law. ). Given the global crisis following the WHO declaration of a pandemic due to the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19, the priority of the mechanism of administrative and legal support of the individual's right to health care is to establish the primacy of human rights as an integral part of all prevention, control, deterrence and treatment COVID-19 and other diseases.
DISCRETIONAL POWERS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SUBJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTION OF RIGHTS, FREEDOMS AND INTERESTS OF PRIVATE PERSONS IN ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Shevchenko Yuliia
Published: February 2021

This article considers the protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of individuals in administrative proceedings. The provisions of administrative procedural legislation governing the exercise of their powers by courts in resolving disputes related to administrative discretion of subjects of power, as well as national case law, in particular, the study of scientific positions of administrative scientists, the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine, positions of administrative courts set forth in court decisions when considering cases related to the violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens in the exercise of discretionary powers by the subjects of public administration; providing conclusions on the importance of the role of administrative courts as the main national institution for the protection of the rights and interests of individuals from violations by the public administration. The key positions of the European Court of Human Rights on the limits of judicial control over the exercise of discretionary powers by public administration entities are also presented. The article concludes that administrative courts implement European standards of the right to a fair trial in terms of the right to effective judicial protection, and thus play an important role in protecting the rights of individuals in resolving disputes related to the exercise of discretion by public administrations. At the same time, the author emphasizes the positive side of the introduction of short stories in the new version of the CAS of Ukraine, namely the power of courts to impose obligations on the defendant to fulfill its obligations under law and bylaws, although the court has no right to specify ) must be accepted (committed) by the defendant; as well as the obligation to provide a mandatory indication of the need to take into account the legal assessment of the court in the decision, if the court only obliges the subject of power to resolve the issue using discretion.
HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT OF THE PRECONDITIONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Medvedska Viktoriia
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, the issue of gender balance and combating sex discrimination has become widespread in all developed countries, thus to some extent reflecting the level of development of society achieved by a country. According to the World Health Organization, one in six women has experienced domestic violence. The article analyzes scientific works in terms of studying the historical aspects of the preconditions for the emergence of domestic violence against women as a complex and historically stable phenomenon. Normative documents of different epochs and during Ukraine's stay in other states are analyzed, as a result of which it is established that the problem of domestic violence has always existed, regardless of the evolutionary stage of society at one time or another. Analysis of historical sources shows that gender-based violence has always been a part of human existence. Its various origins can be traced back to antiquity. Even then, women had the status of enslaved people in society. It is concluded that women, since the existence of the Scythian state, have been dependent on men and have experienced various manifestations of gender inequality, such as: lack of property rights and inheritance; the possibility of buying and abducting a woman, transfer to temporary slavery, bail and employment; restriction of the grounds for divorce at the will of the wife; establishment of the institution of guardianship over women. It is concluded that women, since the existence of the Scythian state, have been dependent on men and have experienced various manifestations of gender inequality, such as: lack of property rights and inheritance; the possibility of buying and abducting a woman, transfer to temporary slavery, bail and employment; restriction of the grounds for divorce at the will of the wife; establishment of the institution of guardianship over women.
METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF ENSURING THE PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDER DURING MASS EVENTS
Authors:   Precarpathian Faculty of the National Police of Ukraine, Melnyk Andrii , Gutsuliak Mykola ,   Ivano-Frankivsk College of the Lviv National Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

The conceptual aspects of ensuring the public safety and order during mass events in accordance with the implemented methodology of the National Police of Ukraine in the field of the realization of citizens’ rights to peaceful assembly have been analyzed in this article. The peculiarities of the organization of the activity of the police bodies and subunits within the limits of the joint performance of tasks concerning the maintenance of law and order have been defined. The main ways and methods of using police forces and means while preventing and stopping the offenses during peaceful assemblies have been analyzed for compliance with the national legislation. The authors have also compared some tactical methods used by the law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and those that are adopted from the European practice of policing and, accordingly, specified in the departmental regulations governing the relevant field of the professional duties. The statements, suggested in this scientific article, are based on the results of the interviews with the leadership of the National Police bodies and subunits that directly implement the tasks of the ensuring public safety and order during mass events and have been trained by the European Union Advisory Mission in Ukraine aiming to form a new model of securing the public order [1].
CLASSIFICATION OF PROHIBITORY RULES OF FAMILY LAW
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Cherneha Vitalii
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the prohibitive rules of family law as objects of scientific classification. According to the method of consolidation, the Ukrainian legislator allows to distinguish two groups of prohibitive rules of family law: a) those that directly establish a prohibition (for example, forcing a woman and a man to marry is not allowed); b) those that indirectly establish a ban. The first group of prohibitive rules of family law should be divided into three subgroups: a) rules of family law that establish a direct unconditional prohibition (for example, intermediary, commercial activities for the adoption of children, their transfer into custody, care or upbringing of Ukrainian citizens are prohibited , foreigners); b) rules of family law establishing a direct conditional prohibition (for example, marriage cannot be declared invalid in case of pregnancy of the wife or birth of a child to an adoptive parent and adopted child, to a cousin, aunt, uncle and nephew, niece, or if the person who has not reached the age of marriage, has reached it or has been granted the right to marry); c) rules of family law that establish a direct prohibition, but have exceptions to the general rule (for example, a religious marriage rite is not a basis for a woman and a man to have the rights and responsibilities of a spouse, unless restoration of state registration of civil status acts). The second group prohibition rules of family law can reasonably be divided into those that: a) indirectly establish an unconditional prohibition (for example, a person deprived of parental rights loses the right to benefits and state assistance provided to families with children); b) indirectly establish a conditional prohibition (for example, the wife’s right to maintenance is terminated if the court decision excludes information about the husband as a father from the birth certificate of the child).
SUBJECTIVE PUBLIC INTEREST: THEORY AND APPLIED PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   National University “Odesa Law Academy”, Khamkhodera Oleh , Pit Ihor ,   National University “Odesa Law Academy”
Published: February 2021

The scientific article is devoted to research of the essence of category «subjective public interest», its characteristic and types, also features of its realization and judicial protection. Nature and essence of the interest were considered, as a result of which it was defined the structure of interest in the framework of «internal factor theory», its connection with need and benefit. It was highlighted that today`s legislation doesn`t consist a distinction between interest, need and benefit. It was highlighted interest`s role in legal relationship and also defined the dependence interest`s guarantee`s extend on its connection with subjective law. It is considered that in decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on 01.12.2004 № 18-рп/2004 term «law protected interest» is defined narrowly, as a result of which it was justified that there can be three types of law protected interest: 1) interest, covered by the subjective law; 2) interest, which is not covered by subjective law, but has a logically-meaning connection; 3) interest, which is not covered by subjective law and doesn`t have a logically-meaning connection. In the framework of research of conception of dividing interest on privet and public it was considered that category «public interest» should be understood in its quality meaning, and quantity should be used only to justified subjects-interest owners. It was considered that public interest has a social nature and privet – psychological. As a result, necessary features of privet interest were highlighted: its subjectivity and egocentrism. While related categories «public interest» and «state interest» it was justified the difference between their subjects, and after these we made a conclusion that public interest can be realized and protected by common citizens by use of legal form «subjective public interest». The internal structure of the subjective public interest was researched through the «internal factor» theory, as a result we highlighted two types of subjective public interest: subjectified public interest and publicized subjective interest. In addition, we justified features of legal embody of each interests type. In the framework of research of subjective public interest`s court protection were highlighted deficiencies of criteria to understand which legal interest can be court protected. Ways to address the problem were proposed and was concluded that today administrative procedure is more universal and effective in order to realize and protect subjective public interest.
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CONSULTING ENGINEER IN UKRAINE: REGULATORY PROBLEMS
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Brovdii Alla
Published: February 2021

Some aspects of the economic and legal status of a consulting engineer are analyzed, taking into account the specifics of national legislation. Some problems of the legal status of the consulting engineer and the forms of his economic activity are revealed. The introduction of such an entity as a consulting engineer in the modern conditions of construction development is of particular importance due to the need to improve the quality of construction work, the development of competition in this area and the need to change approaches to economic activity in this area. It is established that the concept of consulting engineer is defined in some special regulations, in particular, regulating activities in the field of road construction, but the economic and legal aspects of his business remain unresolved. This significantly affects the effectiveness of the introduction of the institute of consulting engineers in the field of management. The problem of lack of clear definition of the form of conducting economic activity by the specified participant of economic relations is revealed. The necessity of adopting a special normative legal act, namely the Law of Ukraine "On the activities of consulting engineers", in which to regulate general issues of their legal status, features of the organization of its activities, responsibilities, etc is proved. The author's definition of the concept of consulting engineer is proposed, taking into account the need to establish the organizational and legal form of his business, which will ensure proper regulation of relations between him and other participants in construction relations, including contractors and customers. The solution of some problems of the economic and legal status of the consulting engineer under the legislation of Ukraine is offered. The expediency of conducting the activity of a consulting engineer as a self-employed person, or carrying out its activity by creating a legal entity (association of consulting engineers) is substantiated. In addition, in our opinion, an entity that carries out engineering activities and has concluded employment contracts with duly accredited consulting engineers has the right to provide the services of a consulting engineer.
INNOVATIVE MECHANISMS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   National Academy for Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Shchurevych Lina
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of introducing innovative mechanisms of agricultural policy in the activities of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the search for theoretical, methodological and practical ways to solve them. It is found out that an effective and innovatively directed agricultural policy is an integral mechanism for the effective functioning of the agro-industrial sector of the state, which, in turn, allows to activate the activities of agricultural enterprises, significantly increase the number and quality of sources of attracting investment and create the basis for continuous sustainable development. Significant problems and shortcomings of Ukraine's Agricultural Policy at the present stage are systematized. Scientific research is summarized and author's definitions of the categories "innovation" and "innovative development of an agricultural enterprise"are made. The problems of formation and implementation of innovative mechanisms of agricultural policy are analyzed, as well as ways to overcome them are proposed. It is proved that innovative processes in agricultural policy should be based on the principles of interaction between science and production, have their own specific features for creating prerequisites for the sustainable development of domestic agricultural producers. The mechanism of state policy in the field of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex has been formed. The principles on which the conceptual provisions of the state Agrarian Policy are based are defined. It is concluded that the state mechanisms of Agrarian Policy in the field of ensuring innovative development of the agro-industrial complex should function in three interrelated areas: orientation to the continuous implementation of measures at the state and regional levels to improve the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the scientific and technological potential of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine; encouraging small, medium and arge businesses of the agro-industrial complex to carry out innovative activities; stimulating demand in the agricultural sector for innovative products, technologies and knowledge
PECULIARITIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ON STATE REGULATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   SEE ", Zhukova Irina ,   University of Education Management"
Published: February 2021

The peculiarities of the influence of civil society on the state regulation of law enforcement activities within the member states of the European Union are considered. A thorough analysis of regulatory and legal support and mechanisms for the practical implementation of active cooperation between civil society and law enforcement agencies of the European Union (Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Poland, Finland, France, Hungary). Possibilities of wide involvement of civil society representatives in law enforcement activities using various forms and methods within the member states of the European Union are considered. It has been proven that the opinion of civil society on the functioning of the law enforcement system is one of the key factors in strengthening ties and improving the interaction of the above structures with representatives of the public sector, including individual citizens or NGOs. It is substantiated that using the most successful forms and methods of law enforcement, provided they adapt to the conditions of our country, it is possible to ensure more effective implementation of law enforcement. It is emphasized that important factors in the development of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and civil society on the basis of cooperation should be the formation of motivation and a functioning system of incentives for civil society. It is noted that, in order to fully implement the functions of law enforcement and crime prevention, it is necessary to directly influence the representatives of civil society on law enforcement activities by increasing the level of public, social and legal activity.
STATE QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION: CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Hrabovenko Natalia
Published: February 2021

The article defines the essence of the concept of "public management of education quality". The author emphasizes that public quality management of education is a practical activity of public authorities aimed at creating conditions for the implementation of quality educational process, satisfaction of citizens' rights to quality education, ensuring effective social development with appropriate resources in the field of education. Public administration is primarily a function of public authorities in the practical implementation of the course. It is substantiated that the state policy in the field of education is determined by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and implemented by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the central executive body in the field of education and science, other central executive bodies and local governments. First of all, in order to control and assess the quality of education, a public authority was established - the State Quality Service of Education of Ukraine. It is proved that ensuring the quality of education is one of the main conditions for mobility, compatibility and attractiveness of the education system of any country. The main tools and procedures of the state education quality management are singled out, in particular: licensing, accreditation, standardization, public accreditation of educational institutions, institutional audit, monitoring of education quality, attestation of pedagogical workers, certification of pedagogical workers, public supervision. It is determined that an important role in the quality management of education is given to the accreditation of educational programs. The procedure is to assess the educational program for its compliance with the standard of education, as well as the ability of the educational institution to ensure that students achieve the knowledge, skills and abilities required by the requirements of the educational program.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Maistrenko Кateryna
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes public-private partnership as a mechanism for improving the quality of higher education. It was noted that today business is actively promoting the development of social investments in the field of higher education. The author draws attention to the fact that the main content of companies' social responsibility is their interaction with educational institutions, their structural units, educational and research teams, expanding the presence of companies both in the educational process itself and in governing bodies. If earlier the private sector was limited only to charitable assistance, sponsorship or simply donations, today it is focused on active participation in the life of a higher institution in its development, improving the material base, including within the framework of public-private partnerships. A characteristic feature of recent times is the creation of corporate universities, both in companies themselves and in institutions of higher education. It is noted that public-private partnership in the field of higher education is becoming a strategic alliance that regulates the integration interaction of participants: the state, companies, non-governmental organizations and higher educational institutions at different stages of the life cycle of educational services. The benefits of the state are transformed with the help of the mechanism of publicprivate partnership, it turns out to be in the development of the commercial sector for the supply of public goods to improve the quality and innovation of educational services. For the private sector, the benefits of public-private partnerships are manifested in the development of a "public" component in the supply of private goods based on corporate social responsibility, the ability to assess and attract knowledge to a specific business, concerns higher education institutions, then the benefits of public-private partnerships are manifested in extra-budgetary financing the educational process, bringing the effectiveness of educational services and scientific development to the commercial level of implementation in order to obtain new competitive advantages in educational services, as well as public-private partnership can be considered as a tool for solving such problems of modern higher education as; pooling and raising funds to improve the quality of educational programs. It has been proved that the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the foreseeable future can become one of the main directions of financing the development of infrastructure and campuses of higher education institutions.
E-SYSTEM OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE OF UKRAINE OR FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IT
Authors:   National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine, Pomaza-Ponomarenko Alina , Medvedeva Diana ,   National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Social and economic development in Ukraine and the world can take place in different directions, which are constantly updated through the development of innovative technologies. It was established that the basis of these technologies is digitalization, in particular power. The main purpose of this digitalization is to meet the needs of society and protect its interests. Thus, the paper objective is to carry out an overall study of the public administration system from the standpoint of the using of new technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). It was emphasized that in conditions of uncertainty it is difficult to make accurate estimates of the speed of development of the e-system of public administration. However, some factors, risks and prospects of this process for the state and society are already to some extent clearly defined. It was found that the development of e-system of public administration in the following diractions is promising: education and human capital; science and innovation; economics and business; defense and security; public administration, etc. It was found that among the vectors of its application, one of the defining places belongs to the sphere of human rights. In this context, the need to create a coordinating body in the field of AI in the structure of the executive authorities of Ukraine is justified. It was established that the effective use of AI technologies in these areas is designed to: 1) increase the protection and realization of the rights and interests of individuals and legal entities; 2) to ensure the long-term competitiveness of Ukraine in international markets; 3) to promote the level and quality of scientific research; 4) provide access to information necessary for the production of goods and services, etc. It was substantiated that in Ukraine in the short term we can expect the implementation of such scenarios that directly depend on public policy measures taken within the COVID-AI-cases. It was determined that one of the first such cases was introduced by Taiwan, whose experience can be useful for Ukraine.
STATE RISK MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM
Authors:   Classic Private University, Singutskiy Oleksandr
Published: February 2021

The article researchers the process of public risk management and identifies that the tourism industry in each country presents an individual variety of recreational resources, which set it apart from others. That, the globalization of the tourism sector has launched a flywheel of world development. The tourism sector in the world GDP accounts for 10%, with an average annual growth of 4-5%. Each state, the tourism sector is among the priorities for development. The influence of the external and internal environment determines a constant response from the state through control mechanisms. The main element of the country's development is strategic planning with periods for implementation, including all spheres of the economy, as well as tourism. Strategic planning should contain factors that will negatively affect the development of the system in dynamics, namely risks. Risk management requires the use of separate tools in terms of probability of occurrence, prevention and response. The authorities directly implementing the state policy for the development of tourism, namely ministries, departments, for identifying and countering negative factors should deal with Monitoring and development of recommendations. The risks affecting the tourism sector can be divided into external and internal. Internal include: epidemiological, legal, infrastructural, environmental, natural, social, crisis political and economic. External risks are distinguished by their ability to geographically expand, which can develop into a crisis from internal ones, due to ineffective or deliberate actions on the part of a separate state, which has become the epicenter. States with a weak political and economic system in most cases are not able to resist the crisis phenomena that characterize the absence of an effective risk management policy. The global crisis is characterized by a chain reaction with unpredictable consequences, which can lead to global changes and conflicts. The global travel industry is very sensitive to environmental changes. That, the state should develop tools that are able to prevent and counteract the likely negative consequences. Strategic planning is an effective risk management mechanism. Public risk management precedes, or creates preconditions for countering the crisis.
THE MECHANISM OF INTERACTION OF THE STATE AND BUSINESS IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Hrabovenko Natalia
Published: February 2021

The article reveals the problems and prospects of interaction between public and private structures in education, among which the main problems that hinder the effective development of public-private partnership in the educational sphere are highlighted. The effectiveness of the development of this form of partnership cooperation greatly expands the possibilities of educational institutions in training higher-level specialists, and for business structures opens up the possibility of personnel renewal of production in accordance with the needs of innovative economic development, in this connection, the article shows that the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine has great prospects. It is noted that the essence of interaction between the state and business in the framework of projects is the formation of partnerships, which are not a simple addition of resources, but the need to coordinate interests. It is determined that the effectiveness of the state in the implementation of projects mainly depends, on the one hand, on the need for business resources, and, on the other hand, on awareness of the need to involve non-state structures in the development of educational institutions. So, the interaction between the state and business is based on the conscious need for both the state and business to cooperate effectively in the educational sphere. It is proved that the main directions of stimulating this process should focus on direct state participation in educational projects that have a national priority in the implementation of state support for innovative activities of business structures through lending, preferential taxation and other preferences that facilitate the conditions of enterprises activities. Partnership in the field of higher education encourages the unification of the state, the business community and educational organizations for the implementation of socially oriented projects and the provision of public services.
Periodicity for the 3-state quantum walk on cycles
Authors: Kajiwara Takeshi , Konno Norio , Koyama Shohei , Saito Kei
Published: February 2021

Dukes (2014) and Konno, Shimizu, and Takei (2017) studied the periodicity for 2-state quantum walks whose coin operator is the Hadamard matrix on cycle graph C_N with N vertices. The present paper treats the periodicity for 3-state quantum walks on C_N. Our results follow from a new method based on the cyclotomic field. This method gives a necessary condition for the coin operator for quantum walks to be periodic. Moreover, we reveal the period T_N of typical two kinds of quantum walks, the Grover and Fourier walks. We prove that both walks do not have any finite period except for N=3, in which case T_3=6 (Grover), =12 (Fourier).
Variance of the sum of independent quantum computing errors
Authors: Lacalle Jesus , Pozo Coronado Luis Miguel
Published: February 2021

The sum of quantum computing errors is the key element both for the estimation and control of errors in quantum computing and for its statistical study. In this article we analyze the sum of two independent quantum computing errors, X_1 and X_2, and we obtain the formula of the variance of the sum of these errors: V(X_1+X_2)=V(X_1)+V(X_2)-\frac{V(X_1)V(X_2)}{2}. We conjecture that this result holds true for general quantum computing errors and we prove the formula for independent isotropic quantum computing errors.
Span program for non-binary functions
Authors: Beigi Salman , Taghavi Leila
Published: February 2021

Span programs characterize the quantum query complexity of binary functions f:\{0,\ldots,\ell\}^n \to \{0,1\} up to a constant factor. In this paper we generalize the notion of span programs for functions with non-binary input/output alphabets f: [\ell]^n \to [m]. We show that non-binary span program characterizes the quantum query complexity of any such function up to a constant factor. We argue that this non-binary span program is indeed the generalization of its binary counterpart. We also generalize the notion of span programs for a special class of relations. Learning graphs provide another tool for designing quantum query algorithms for binary functions. In this paper, we also generalize this tool for non-binary functions, and as an application of our non-binary span program show that any non-binary learning graph gives an upper bound on the quantum query complexity.
Impossibility of blind quantum sampling for classical client
Authors: Morimae Tomoyuki , Nishimura Harumichi , Takeuch Yuki , Tani Seiichiro
Published: February 2021

Blind quantum computing enables a client, who can only generate or measure single-qubit states, to delegate quantum computing to a remote quantum server in such a way that the input, output, and program are hidden from the server. It is an open problem whether a completely classical client can delegate quantum computing blindly (in the information theoretic sense). In this paper, we show that if a completely classical client can blindly delegate sampling of subuniversal models, such as the DQC1 model and the IQP model, then the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses to the third level. Our delegation protocol is the one where the client first sends a polynomial-length bit string to the server and then the server returns a single bit to the client. Generalizing the no-go result to more general setups is an open problem.
Lifting the Lid on the Potentiostat: A Beginners Guide to Understanding Electrochemical Circuitry and Practical Operation
Authors: Colburn Alex , Levey Katharine , O'Hare Danny , Macpherson Julie
Published: February 2021

Students who undertake practical electrochemistry experiments for the first time, will come face to face with the potentiostat. To many this is simply a box containing electronics which enables a potential to be applied between a working and reference electrode, and a current to flow between the working and counter electrode, both of which are outputted to the experimentalist. Given the broad generality of electrochemistry across many disciplines it is these days very common for students entering the field to have a minimal background in electronics. This article serves as an introductory tutorial to those with no formalized training in this area. The reader is introduced to the operational amplifier, which is at the heart of the different potentiostatic electronic circuits and its role in enabling a potential to be applied and a current to be measured is explained. Voltage follower op-amp circuits are also highlighted, given their importance in measuring voltages accurately. We also discuss digital to analogue and analogue to digital conversion, the processes by which the electrochemical cell receives input signals and outputs data and data filtering. By reading the article, it is intended the reader will also gain a greater confidence in problem solving issues that arise with electrochemical cells, for example electrical noise, uncompensated resistance, reaching compliance voltage, signal digitisation and data interpretation. We also include trouble shooting tables that build on the information presented and can be used when undertaking practical electrochemistry.
Exploring Chemical Reaction Space With Reaction Difference Fingerprints and Parametric t-SNE
Authors: Andronov Mikhail , Fedorov Maxim , Sosnin Sergey
Published: February 2021

Humans prefer visual representations for the analysis of large databases. In this work, we suggest a method for the visualization of the chemical reaction space. Our technique uses the t-SNE approach that is parameterized by a deep neural network (parametric t-SNE). We demonstrated that the parametric t-SNE combined with reaction difference fingerprints can provide a tool for the projection of chemical reactions onto a low-dimensional manifold for easy exploration of reaction space. We showed that the global reaction landscape, been projected onto a 2D plane, corresponds well with already known reaction types. The application of a pretrained parametric t-SNE model to new reactions allows chemists to study these reactions on a global reaction space. We validated the feasibility of this approach for two marketed drugs: darunavir and oseltamivir. We believe that our method can help explore reaction space and inspire chemists to find new reactions and synthetic ways.
Skin reactions to cardiac drugs: a clinical case
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Nevozinskaia Zofiia A. , Nevozinskaia Zofiia A. ,   Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia, Piruzian Anastas L. ,   Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia, Korsunskaia Irina M. ,   Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Drug-induced photodermatitis is an important problem in a doctor's practice. This is due to the fact that a number of drugs widely used in medicine can cause the development of photodermatitis - antibiotics and sulfonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antineoplastic drugs, diuretics, antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic drugs, antidiabetic and psychiatric drugs, tretinoin and isotretinoin, as well as some others. Drug-induced photodermatitis proceeds as phototoxic reactions. In this situation, medicinal substances in the skin can act as a photosensitizer. The pathological mechanism of development of phototoxic reactions involves both an accumulation in the skin of a substance that possess effect of a photosensitizer and the simultaneous effect of solar radiation on the skin. The photosensitizer causes rashes by increasing skin sensitivity to visible or ultraviolet part of the spectrum. This article describes the case of a 64-year-old patient who developed photodermatitis while taking amiodarone for a long time.
Сlinical case of successful use of non-invasive ventilation in a patient with a new coronavirus infection
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Litvin Aleksandr Yu. , Litvin Aleksandr Yu. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Elfimova Evgeniia M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Mikhailova Oksana O. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Alekseeva Tatiana A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Sivakova Olga A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Danilov Nikolai M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Pevzner Dmitrii V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Dulaev Lavrentii O. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Zyuryaev Ilia T. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Gaman Svetlana A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is a challenge both in terms of optimal patient management and the protection of the medical personnel. We present a clinical case of a 49-year-old patient with bilateral polysegmental pneumonia (COVID-19), complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and a cytokine storm, in whom the chosen treatment tactics using non-invasive ventilation allowed avoidance of intubation together with organization of sufficient protection for medical personnel.
Heart failure and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow, Russia, Mironova Olga Iu. , Sivakova Olga A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia, Deev Aleksandr D. ,   National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Fomin Viktor V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Aim. To assess the influence of heart failure on the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) with indications to diagnostic procedures requiring intra-arterial administration of contrast media. Materials and methods. 1023 patients, who were receiving optimal medical therapy and had indications to coronary angiography and possible coronary angio-plasty, with stable CAD were included in the study. We conducted an observational open prospective cohort study, which was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT04014153. CI-AKI was defined as 25% or more increase of baseline serum creatinine, or more than 0.5 mg/dl and was assessed 48 hours after contrast media administration. The primary endpoint was the CI-AKI development according to KDIGO criteria. Most of the patients, included in the study, were males aged 66.3±10 years with arterial hypertension and overweight (BMI 29.14±5 kg/m2). Results. The study included 1023 patients, 76 suffered from heart failure. The rate of CI-AKI in this group was 13.2% (10 patients). The rate of CI-AKI using the absolute creatinine rise definition was 4% cases (3 cases). Conclusion. Female patients suffering from heart failure with higher levels of serum creatinine and low glomerular filtration rate need more attention, less amount of contrast and adequate preventive measures before contrast media administration in order to lower the risk of CI-AKI development.
Pro- and synbiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases: what effects can we expect?
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia, Gaus Olga V. , Livzan Maria A. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: February 2021

The relationship between intestinal microbiota and human health is widely recognized. The advent of molecular and genetic diagnostic methods has made it po-ssible to make truly revolutionary discoveries in the field of understanding the role of the digestive tract microbiome. Many studies have proved the association of the composition of microbiota with the development of a number of diseases of the digestive tract, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, functional gastroin-testinal disorders and some types of cancer. The food and pharmaceutical industry has presented a huge selection of food products, dietary supplements and medicines containing prebiotic and probiotic components. The use of agents that affect microbiota in the treatment of intestinal diseases in real clinical practice should be carried out strictly in accordance with the indications, in recommended doses.
Assessment of the duration of QT interval in patients with COVID-19 during treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin
Authors:   Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Orlov Filipp A. , Orlov Filipp A. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Zaitsev Andrei A. ,   Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Zaitsev Andrei A. ,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia, Kubenskii Gleb E. ,   Clinical Hospital №1 (Volynskaya), Moscow, Russia, Pantiukhova Tatiana N. ,   Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus infection occurred in PRC, the causative agent of which was given the temporary name 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 is a complex multisystem disease which causes harmful effects not only on the lungs, but also on the cardiac conduction system. Aim. To assess the duration of corrected QT interval in patients with COVID-19 during treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, and to identify the relationship between this indicator and the severity of interstitial pneumonitis. Materials and methods. We studied medical records of 40 men and 4 women, who were treated in the infectious diseases department of Acad. N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital from March 20 to May 20, 2020. All patients underwent resting digital 12-lead electrocardiography: at the time of admission to the hospital and after 6 days of therapy using the "Myocard-12" system. In our study, 30 patients were treated with azithromycin at a total daily dose of 500 mg for 5 to 10 days; 21 patients – with hydroxychloroquine at a dose of 400 mg 2 times a day on the 1st day of treatment and 200 mg 2 times a day for the next 5 days; and 7 patients received azithromycin and hydroxychroloquine combination. Results. To assess the duration of corrected QT interval depending on the severity of patient's status and the degree of lung damage, we compared the mean QT interval depending on the degree of lung damage on computed tomography. There was no significant difference in this indicator in patients with pneumonia of varying severity. However, when using the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine after 6 days, there was a significant increase in the mean cor-rected QT interval compared to its baseline value (before treatment). Conclusion. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have an initially prolonged corrected QT interval. The combined use of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in a short time causes a significant increase in the corrected QT interval in patients with COVID-19.
Application of information technology to optimize treatment of urolithiasis
Authors:   Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Tumanian Sargis S. , Luk'ianov Igor V. ,   Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Loran Oleg B. ,   Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2021

Urolithiasis is one of the most common pathologies in urological practice. To ensure a personalized approach in the treatment of urolithiasis by taking into account the specific characteristics of each individual patient and various alternative methods of treatment, mathematical models and algorithms are increasingly being used that significantly improve the quality of medical care. One of the most promising directions in the field of creating mathematical computer models is the development and implementation into daily practice predictive models based on the so-called artificial neural networks. They combine the complex pro-perties of neurons of the human brain to analyze and process the information received. An analysis of domestic and foreign literature has been carried out sho-wed that there is an active development of computer technologies using neural network models that allow rationalizing the tactics of treating patients, in particular with urolithiasis. In order to personalize the approach to the management of patients with urolithiasis and increase the reliability of predicting treatment results on the basis of the urological department of the State Clinical Hospital of S.P. Botkin within the framework of the research work of the Department of Urology and Surgical Andrology of Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education along with the National Research University of Electronic and Technology “MIET” it has been planned to develop a program based on neural network modeling. This program will allow to standardize the choice of the method of treatment of ureteral stones and will help urologists make difficult decisions in non-standard situations, which will lead to an increase in the efficiency and quality of medical care.