bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH TINDAK AGRONOMI DAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP HASIL PADI LOKALKULTIVAR SIAM UNUS PADA TIGA KECAMATAN DI KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA
Authors: Fadliah Fadliah , Langai Bambang F. , Wahdah Raihani
Published: January 2019

Research on Agronomic and Environmental Measures to Local Paddy Cultivars Siam Unus on Three Districts in Barito Kuala Regency from December 2017-January 2018. The research method used was survey method, and data collection method used is purposive sampling, that farmer which rice plant of local varieties Siam Unus, and 2 villages in 3 sub-districts, and each village was selected random samples each of 10 farmers with the interview with local rice farmer Siam Unus located at the location. farmers who used the tractor in the tidal area were 8 people (13.33%) and those who did not use the tractor for the tidal area were 52 people (88.67%). Local farmers who use lime as many as 26 people (43.33%), and who do not use lime for his farm as much as 34 people (56.67%). Due to the land used to grow local paddy was flooded with high water. The direct influence of rainy days and rainfall in tidal swamps to the productivity of local varieties of Siam Unus rice each gives negative influence and contribution of 1.11% and 2.90% to the productivity of local rice plants varieties Siam Unus.
DEKOMPOSISI GAMBUT TERKAIT PERUBAHAN LAHAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wakhid Nur
Published: January 2019

Land-use change in peatland area usually related to large carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions owing chiefly to drainage, which lowers groundwater level (GWL), and potentially affects regional and global carbon balances. The dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions from peat soil consists of root respiration (autotrophic respiration), peat decomposition (heterotrophic respiration and litter decomposition), and emission from dissolved carbon in water. Recently, peat decomposition study, which is free from root respiration still limited, even this process is one main factor of carbon balance on peatland environment. This paper analyzed various data about peat decomposition from direct measurement using subsidence and closed chamber methods in Indonesia, at different land conversions, from primary forests to secondary forests and or agricultural and plantations. Generally, different land conversion produced different peat decomposition. Primary forest produced lower peat decomposition compare than that of secondary forest or plantation fields. Peat decomposition also affected by environmental conditions such as groundwater level, soil temperature, and plant species that grow on the land.
NILAI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI KOTA BONTANG
Authors: Oktawati Nurul Ovia , Sulistianto Erwan , Fahrizal Wahyu , Maryanto Freddy
Published: January 2019

Seagrass is one of the important ecosystems in shallow coastal and marine waters, because it has many roles, both ecologically and economically. Bontang City is one area that has a vast seagrass ecosystem. Management of seagrass ecosystems in Bontang City, of course, wants the existence of sustainable economic development, but on the other hand, sometimes increasing economic needs based on natural resources (resource base), often create a dilemma for the sustainability of natural resources. This happens because the consumption needs of the community are often not supported by good planning and management in utilizing natural resources so that the deterioration of environmental quality is often seen as a cost that must be paid in a process of economic development. The purposes of this study are 1). Identifying forms of utilization from seagrass ecosystems, 2) knowing the economic value of seagrass ecosystems. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The results of the study revealed that fishing activities with splint catches and nets were a form of seagrass ecosystem utilization activities. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that the total economic value of 4 (four) utilization of seagrass ecosystems in Bontang City is Rp. 7,081,050,816,042 per year. The utilization value with the largest proportion comes from the value of indirect benefits which is equal to 95.66%, and the lowest proportion is the option value.
The Vacuum Polarization Paradox and Its Solution
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: January 2019

In this article various heuristic approaches are discussed to solve the dark matter phenomenon by the concept of vacuum polarization. They are compared with a more fundamental approach, based upon an entropy model of the visible universe. They all make use of some kind of gravitational dipole. These dipoles seem to violate Einstein’s equivalence principle between inertial mass and gravitational mass. It is shown how the paradox can be solved by a quantum mechanical principle.
Synthesis of Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor Based on Quinoxaline Derivatives and Their Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Almandil Noor Barak , Taha Muhammad , Farooq Rai Khalid , Alhibshi Amani , Ibrahim Mohamed , Anouar El Hassane , Gollapalli Mohammed , Rahim Fazal , Nawaz Muhammad , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin
Published: January 2019

We have synthesized quinoxaline analogs (1-25), characterized by 1HNMR and HREI-MS and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibition. Among the series, nineteen analogs showed better inhibition when compared with the standard inhibitor 7-Deazaxanthine (IC50 = 38.68 ± 4.42 µM). The most potent analog among the series is analog 25 with IC50 value 3.20 ± 0.10 µM. Sixteen analogs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21and 24 showed outstanding inhibition which is many folds better than the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. Two analogs 8 and 9 showed moderate inhibition. A structure- activity relationship has been established mainly based upon the substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. The binding interactions of the active compounds were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
The effects of Oil Price Shock on the Indian Economy – A Study
Authors: Sreenu Nenavath
Published: January 2019

The paper examines the effects of crude oil price shocks on the Indian economy development and GDP Growth for the period of 2010 till 2018. The present Indian economy growth has been facing the identical issues of escalating the trade disparity and continuing inflation. In this connection, the study focused on the determine relationship between the speculation and crude oil price impact on the Indian economic development activity and GDP growth and the paper investigated the how oil price variations effect on the Indian economy development through different networks, viz. WPI, CP, IIP, GDP, Monetary policy, trade and investment. The paper used methods an GARCH model and  description to tool the volatility on both the oil and stock markets and then developed an extension of the vector auto-regression (VAR) models are also applied to determine the oil price shocks effect on macroeconomic indicators and the outcomes of co-integration model  propose that crude oil is pro‐cyclical to output, and the  paper used VAR investigation to the discrepancy decomposition to capture the linear inter‐dependencies among the variables. 
The Misuse of the No-Communication Theorem by Ghirardi - In The Analysis of a Non-Local Communication SystemThat Effectively Swaps Distant Joint Entanglement to Local Path Entanglement of an Interferometer
Authors: Cornwall Remi
Published: January 2019

This paper is in response to a critique of the author’s earlier papers on the matter of a non-local communication system by Ghirardi. The setup has merit for not apparently falling for the usual pitfalls of putative communication schemes, as espoused by the No-communication theorem (NCT) - that of non-factorisability. The enquiry occurred from the investigation of two interferometer based communication systems: one two-photon entanglement, the other single-photon path entanglement. Both systems have two parties: a sender (“Alice”) who transmits or absorbs her particle and a receiver (“Bob”) who has an interferometer, which can discern a pure or mixed state, ahead of his detector. Ghirardi used the density matrix and found that the system wasn’t factorisable; this was seen as a fulfilment of the NCT. We revisit the analysis and say quite simply that Ghirardi is mistaken. The system is rendered factorisable by a Schmidt decomposition and entanglement swapping to “which path information” of the interferometer; also one must consider the joint evolution before taking the partial trace. Ghirardi’s misuse, by the inapplicability of the NCT in this situation, renders this general prohibitive bar incomplete or entirely wrong.
Analysing Agricultural Diversification as a Risk Management Strategy with the Minimum Regret Model
Authors: van Etten Jacob
Published: January 2019

Diversification is an important strategy for managing risk in agricultural systems. Risk analysis can help to support farmers’ diversification strategies, but existing analytical methods are complicated and little used. The minimum regret model helps to fill this gap. It provides a simple, transparent calculation procedure that can be executed with existing spreadsheet software. Regret is an important heuristic in the behavioural sciences and regret-based models are used in finance. The article presents the model with a numerical example. It also presents a framework to compare minimum regret portfolios with two limit cases (maximum utility and minimax regret). A case study illustrates the use of the model and the comparative framework.
Adaptability of Cattle Raising to Multiple Stressors in the Dry Tropics of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Aguilar Jimenez Jose Roberto , Nahed Toral Jose , Parra Vazquez Manuel Roberto , Guevara Hernandez Francisco , Pat Fernandez Lucio
Published: January 2019

Using the sustainable livelihoods analytical framework, adaptability of cattle raising to multiple stressors (e.g. climate change and market conditions) in the dry tropics of Chiapas, Mexico was evaluated. Three case studies located in the Frailesca region of Chiapas were analyzed: (I) peasant cattle raising in a rural village in the Frailesca Valley; (II) peasant cattle raising in a rural village in a natural protected area in the Frailesca Highlands; and (III) holistic cattle raising by farmers with private land ownership in the Frailesca Valley. Adaptability was evaluated using an index on a scale of one to a hundred; average values were: case I = 20.9 ± 1.4; case II = 32.1 ± 1.8; and case III = 63.6 ± 3.5. In order to increase farms adaptability and reduce the vulnerability of cattle raising families, there is a need to modify public policy to take into account the conditions of the most vulnerable farmers (cases I and II). Given the economic, environmental, and social context of Mexico´s dry tropics, establishing ecological or organic cattle raising and silvopastoral systems may reduce the vulnerability of farm families and increase their level of adaptability of their farms to multiple stressors.
How to Understand Common Patterns in Big Data: The Case of Human Collective Memory
Authors: Frank Steven A.
Published: January 2019

Simple patterns often arise from complex systems. For example, human perception of similarity decays exponentially with perceptual distance. The ranking of word usage versus the frequency at which the words are used has a log-log slope of minus one. Recent advances in big data provide an opportunity to characterize the commonly observed patterns of nature. Those observed regularities set the challenge of understanding the mechanistic processes that generate common patterns. This article illustrates the problem with the recent big data analysis of collective memory. Collective memory follows a simple biexponential pattern of decay over time. An initial rapid decay is followed by a slower, longer lasting decay. Candia et al. successfully fit a two stage model of mechanistic process to that pattern. Although that fit is useful, this article emphasizes the need, in big data analyses, to consider a broad set of alternative causal explanations. In this case, the method of signal frequency analysis yields several simple alternative models that generate exactly the same observed pattern of collective memory decay. This article concludes that the full potential of big data will require better methods for developing alternative, empirically testable causal models.
Analisis Sumber-Sumber Pertumbuhan Produksi Kedelai
Authors: Suhartini Sri Hastuti
Published: January 2019

The source of growth in the production of soybeans can be derived from the increase in harvested area and increased productivity. This paper aims to analyze the sources of growth in the production of soybeans, analyze the possible production increase of soybeans that resulted from each sources of production growth, and that its contribution to the increase of national production. Data used in the study were secondary data collected from various relevant agencies was at national level with two provinces, namely West Java and West Nusa Tenggara as case study. Results of this study concluded that the source of soybean production growth was mostly from the increase harvested area. The possibility of soybean production increase in Java is relatively low and for that reason Jawa should be less priority than the other.

 

Abstrak

Sumber pertumbuhan produksi kedelai secara garis besar berasal dari peningkatan luas panen dan peningkatan produktivitas. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber pertumbuhan produksi kedelai di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, peluang peningkatan produksi kedelai dari berbagai sumber pertumbuhan, dan sumbangannya terhadap peningkatan produksi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari berbagai instansi terkait. Cakupan kajian ini bersifat nasional dengan mengambil kasus di sentra produksi kedelai yaitu Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Provinsi NTB. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar pertumbuhan produksi kedelai lebih disebabkan oleh peningkatan luas panen. Peluang peningkatan produksi kedelai umumnya relatif kecil di Pulau Jawa karena produktivitas yang dicapai petani telah sangat mendekati potensi produktivitas yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai yang ditempuh melalui program peningkatan produktivitas seyogyanya lebih diutamakan di luar Pulau Jawa.
Fenomena Global Akuisisi Lahan (Land Grabbing) dan Dampaknya bagi Kesejahteraan Petani Lokal
Authors: Syahyuti NFN
Published: January 2019

Massive land grabbing is a global phenomenon that takes place widely by involving cross-country and continental actors. However, this approach to agricultural development with this pattern is less in line with agrarian reform, because it produces inequality, conflict, and marginalization of small farmers. Various studies report the massive land grabbing especially in African countries, Latin America and also Asia. Until now, the phenomenon of land grabbing that has such serious impacts is not openly discussed by academics, and is often covered as an inter-state investment dynamic. This paper is a scientific review derived from various studies and reports, which are constructed into land grabbing character, its causal factors, the resulting impacts, and the urgency of solutions to suppress its spread. The results of the study show that in Indonesia this is also the case, and has begun to show the impacts that are less in line with the vision and mission of national agricultural development, especially the threat to the achievement of food security and farmers' welfare. In the future, the phenomenon of land grabbing should be used as an open agenda and find solutions by integrating with agrarian reform planning.

Abstrak

Akuisisi lahan secara besar-besaran merupakan sebuah fenomena global yang berlangsung secara luas dengan melibatkan aktor lintas negara dan benua. Namun demikian, pendekatan pembangunan pertanian dengan pola ini kurang sejalan dengan reforma agraria, karena menghasilkan ketimpangan, konflik, serta peminggiran petani kecil. Beragam studi melaporkan masifnya akuisisi lahan terutama di negara-negara Afrika, Amerika Latin dan juga Asia. Sampai saat ini, fenomena akuisisi lahan yang memiliki dampak serius tersebut tidak dibicarakan secara terbuka oleh kalangan akademisi, dan seringkali ditutupi sebagai sebuah dinamika investasi antar negara belaka. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah review ilmiah yang berasal dari berbagai hasil studi dan laporan, yang dikontruksi menjadi karakteristik akuisisi lahan, faktor penyebabnya, dampak yang dihasilkan, serta urgensi solusi untuk menekan penyebarannya. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa di Indonesia hal ini juga berlangsung, dan telah mulai memperlihatkan berbagai dampak yang kurang sejalan dengan visi dan misi pembangunan pertanian nasional, terutama ancamannya terhadap pencapaian ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan petani. Ke depan, semestinya fenomena akuisisi lahan harus dijadikan sebagai agenda terbuka dan dicarikan solusinya dengan mengintegrasikan dengan perencanaan reforma agraria.
Evolusi Inovasi Pembangunan Pertanian di Badan Litbang Pertanian: Dari Transfer Teknologi ke Sistem Inovasi
Authors: Sirnawati Enti , Syahyuti NFN
Published: January 2019

Indonesia Agricultural Agency for Research and Development (IAARD) has more than four decades in supporting agricultural development. This support is indicated by its contribution to the creation of agricultural development models, field assistance, and technology dissemination. These activities are inseparable from its support for the Ministry of Agriculture’s program. The IAARD program follows the development of agricultural innovations. This paper aims to describe how the conception of innovation develops in the realm of science, as well as how the concept is implementing in IAARD, especiallyin relation to the down streaming of innovation inAgricultural Technology Assessment and Development (AIATs). This study also examines how IAARD should work according to the innovation concept, to make sustainable innovation. 

Abstrak

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (Badan Litbang Pertanian) telah empat dasawarsa lebih berperan mendukung pembangunan pertanian. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh kontribusinya terhadap penciptaan model-model pembangunan pertanian, pendampingan, dan diseminasi teknologi di lapangan. Aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh Badan Litbang Pertanian tersebut tidak terlepas dari dukungannya terhadap program-program Kementerian Pertanian. Di lain pihak, program yang dijalankan oleh Badan Litbang Pertanian tersebut mengikuti perkembangan konsep keilmuan yang ada, antara lain terkait dengan penciptaan inovasi pertanian. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana konsepsi inovasi berkembang di ranah keilmuan, serta bagaimana implikasinya terhadap penciptaan inovasi yang telah dan sedang berlangsung di Badan Litbang Pertanian, khususnya terkait dengan hilirisasi inovasi oleh BPTP. Telaahan juga akan mengulas bagaimana implikasi perkembangan keilmuan tentang konsepsi inovasi perdesaan tersebut terhadap  kiprah kelembagaan Litbang  untuk menciptakan inovasi berkelanjutan. 
Increased geographical distribution of Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843) (Beloniformes: Belonidae) in the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Chagas Rafael Anaisce das , Barros Mara Rúbia Ferreira
Published: January 2019

This study reports the first occurrence of Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843) (Beloniformes: Belonidae) in the Praquiquara Igarapé, located in the Northeast Atlantic Basin of Brazil. As the distribution of this species was delimited in the Amazon, Orinoco and Paraná Basins, it is concluded that in recent years there has been an increase in the geographic distribution of P. guianensis in the Amazon Region.
Cruciferous Vegetables as Antioxidative, Chemopreventive and Antineoplasic Functional Foods: Preclinical and Clinical Evidences of Sulforaphane Against Prostate Cancers
Authors: Ferreira Paulo M.P. , Rodrigues Lays A.R.L. , de Alencar Carnib Lunna Paula , de Lima Sousa Paulo Víctor , Nolasco Lugo Luis Michel , Nunes Nárcia M.F. , do Nascimento Silva Jurandy , da Silva Araûjo Lidiane , de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota Karoline
Published: January 2019

Background:

Sulforaphane (SF, 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl)-butane) is found in broccoli,
cabbage and cauliflower.

Methods:

we performed a critical review on the antioxidative, chemopreventive and antitumor effects of SF from
cruciferous vegetables against prostate cancers and molecular pathways. For a complete and reliable review,
primary and secondary resources were used, including original and review articles, books and government documents
published until March 2018. Articles that are in duplicity and disconnected are not considered for review.
SF is derived from glucoraphanin (4-methyl-sulfinyl-butyl-glucosinate), being one of the most commonly found
isothiocyanates in vegetables from Brassica spp., especially in broccoli samples. In vitro studies indicate that SF
induces apoptosis in a dependent or non-dependent method of androgens by transcription of tumor suppressor
genes, oxidation response and higher expression of phase II enzymes in prostate cancer cells. Sulforaphane also
decreases transcription of the nuclear factor kB and antiapoptotic proteins, expression of cyclin D2 and survivin
and DNA synthesis, increases Nrf2 gene activity, interferes with genome compacting by inhibition of histone
deacetylases and disrupts Hsp90 complexes, which cause cell cycle arrest, mitosis interruption, activation of
caspases and mitochondria depolarization.

Conclusion:

SF and cruciferous vegetables play antioxidative and chemopreventive role, delaying or blocking in
vivo carcinogenesis, causing biochemical and epigenetic changes, preventing, delaying, or reversing preneoplastic
or advanced prostate lesions, and frequently activating tumor cell death by intrinsic methods of apoptosis. These
outcomes encourage the consumption of Brassica specimens, which could be easily achieved by the incorporation
of food and vegetables rich in cruciferous isothiocyanates in the diet.
Known Hepatoprotectors Act as Antioxidants and Immune Stimulators in Stressed Mice: Perspectives in Animal Health Care
Authors: de la Riva Gustavo Alberto , López Mendoza Francisco Javier , Agüero-Chapin Guillermin
Published: January 2019

Background:

Oxygen is involved in a variety of physiological reactions in aerobic organisms, such as
those produced in the electron transport chain, hydroxylation, and oxygenation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
are naturally formed as byproducts from these previously reactions involving the O2 molecule; they are made up
of superoxide anion (O2−), hydroxyl radical (HO−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), peroxyl
(ROO−), and reactive aldehyde (ROCH). Under certain environmental stress conditions, ROS are accumulated
causing cellular damage but also triggering the overexpression of several enzyme classes such as superoxide
dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which represent an important intrinsic
antioxidant defence line. Liver is a key organ in vertebrates including farm animals and human. The oxidative
stress plays an important role in systemic malfunctions including hepatic, renal and immunological, disorders.

Methods:

This review presents a brief update about the relationship of oxidative stress with hepatic, renal and
immunological malfunctions in stressed organisms. Cellular and exogenous hepatoprotective compounds share
also the ability to scavenge ROS acting as antioxidants and in many cases as stimulators of immune response in
stressed organisms. We present the effect of some hepatoprotectors on the hepatic, renal and immunological function
in stressed mice by the jointed evaluation of biological and oxidative stress markers.

Conclusion:

Hepatoprotective effect of several exogenous compounds is very associated with their antioxidant
capacity. This fact is relevant for keeping oxidant/antioxidant balance in the respective organs, but also for maintaining
the physiological status of the whole organism.
Recent Interventions for Nanotechnology Based Drug Products: Insights into the Regulatory Aspects
Authors: Sarwal Amita , Singh Gurpreet , Singh Kirti , Garg Sanjay
Published: January 2019

Background :

Nanotechnology has been one of the most prominent forefront grounds in several traditional
research areas of science and technology, and development of medicines at nanoscale can be reflected by
the tremendous surge in market interest.

Present outlook:

Its applications include various research areas of medicine, drug delivery technology, diagnostic
devices, tissue engineering and gene therapy. Along with immense advances, this technology comes with major
limitations including potential immune reactivity and complex characterization of these products.

Regulatory Challenges:

The lack of a proper regulatory perspective due to infidelities in scientific findings have
led to further uncertainties and vagueness of the nanoscale domain, particularly its safety implications.

Guideline Scenario:

Early development pathways and regulations should be a top-notch priority to help researchers
fail faster and more economically. This would facilitate the peaking utility of these materials in medicine
without compromising public health and environmental integrity. This review attempts to emphasize the regulatory
rationales of key considerations in nanotechnology along with a portray of the present scenario.
Tocotrienols and Cancer: From the State of the Art to Promising Novel Patents
Authors: Fontana Fabrizio , Raimondi Michela , Marzagalli Monica , Moretti Roberta M. , Marelli Marina Montagnani , Limonta Patrizia
Published: January 2019

Background: Tocotrienols (TTs) are vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in several plants and vegetable oils. Like Tocopherols (TPs), they comprise four isoforms, α, β, γ and δ, but unlike TPs, they present an unsaturated isoprenoid chain. Recent studies indicate that TTs provide important health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cholesterol lowering and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, they have been found to possess unique anti-cancer properties.

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state of the art of TTs role in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to describe recent patents proposing new methods for TTs isolation, chemical modification and use in cancer prevention and/or therapy.

Methods:

Recent literature and patents focusing on TTs anti-cancer applications have been identified and reviewed, with special regard to their scientific impact and novelty.

Results:

TTs have demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity in multiple tumor types, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have shown synergistic effects when given in combination with standard anti-cancer agents or other anti-tumor natural compounds. Finally, new purification processes and transgenic sources have been designed in order to improve TTs production, and novel TTs formulations and synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.

Conclusion:

The promising anti-cancer effects shown by TTs in several preclinical studies may open new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in different tumors. Thus, clinical trials aimed at confirming TTs chemopreventive and tumor-suppressing activity, particularly in combination with standard therapies, are urgently needed.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Activities of Alkaloids from the Bulbs of Griffinia gardneriana and Habranthus itaobinus (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Cole Eduardo R. , de Andrade Jean P. , Filho João F. Allochio , Schmitt Elisângela F. P. , Alves-Araújo Anderson , Bastida Jaume , Endringer Denise C. , de S. Borges Warley , Lacerda Valdemar
Published: January 2019

Background:

Amaryllidaceae plants are known to be a great source of alkaloids, which are considered an extensive group of compounds encompassing a wide range of biological activities. The remarkable cytotoxic activities observed in most of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids derivatives have prompt the chemical and biological investigations in unexplored species from Brazil.

Objective:

To evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of alkaloids of Griffinia gardneriana and Habranthus itaobinus bulbs and study the role of caspase-3 as a molecular apoptosis mediator.

Methods:

Methanolic crude extracts of Griffinia gardneriana and Habranthus itaobinus bulbs were submitted to acid-base extraction to obtain alkaloid-enriched fractions. The obtained fractions were fractionated using chromatographic techniques leading to isolation and identification of some alkaloids accomplished via HPLC and 1H-NMR, respectively. Molecular docking studies assessed the amount of free binding energy between the isolated alkaloids with the caspase-3 protein and also calculated the theoretical value of Ki. Studies have also been developed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in such alkaloids and apoptosis activation via the caspase pathway using both tumor and normal cell lines.

Results:

Seven alkaloids were isolated and identified. Among these, 11-hydroxyvittatine and 2-α-7- dimethoxyhomolycorine were not cytotoxic, whereas tazettine, trisphaeridine, and sanguinine only showed activity against the fibroblast lineage. Lycorine and pretazettine were 10 to 30 folds more cytotoxic than the other alkaloids, including cancerous lines, and were genotoxic and capable of promoting apoptosis via the caspase-3 pathway. This result supports data obtained in docking studies wherein these two compounds exhibited the highest free energy values.

Conclusion:

The cytotoxicity assay revealed that, among the seven alkaloids isolated, only lycorine and pretazettine were active against different cell lines, exhibiting concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic actions alongside genotoxic action and the ability to induce apoptosis by caspase-3, a result consistent with those obtained in docking studies.
Ammonia Sensing and Cytotoxicity of the Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle by Arabic Gum (AG)
Authors: Elahi Nahid Jalalian , Salehmoghadam Masoud , Taherzadeh Danial , Hashemzadeh Alireza , Darroudi Majid
Published: January 2019

Background:

The green synthesizing procedure of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has
been performed through the usage of a natural polysaccharide; Arabic gum (AG) as a stabilizing/
capping agent. For characterization of AgNPs, TEM, particle size analyzer and UV-Vis were
used.

Methods:

The aim of our project was to identify biosynthesized AgNPs for sensing ammonia and
to explore its toxicity on Neuro-2A cells. We also reviewed the patents for biosynthesized AgNO3
and ammonia sensing. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs in AG consist of utilizing
(0.1g) AG in dH2O (70 ml), 10 ml of 1 mM silver solution and 0.1 mM (AA) at 70°C stirring
for 30 minutes. The AgNPs cytotoxicity was evaluated on Neuro-2A cells; consequently, ammonia
was sensed with the lowest possible concentration of 10-6.

Results:

Particle size analyzer displayed the mean diameter of about 70 nm for the sphericalshaped
Ag-NPs. UV–Vis revealed that the prepared AgNPs were ammonia sensitive in solution as
the concentration of ammonia was increased. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs indicated lower Cell viability
at higher concentrations of the AG-capped AgNPs.

Conclusion:

By synthesis of AgNPs in GA by using AA, we successfully prepared a sensor to diagnose
ammonia in a cell and sensing its level at concentrations of 10-6 M. In this study, no therapeutic
application has been shown, but this method could be utilized industrially for therapeutic
purposes in the future.
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Insecticidal and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Three Acantholimon Species (A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium)
Authors: Pasdaran Ardalan , Sarker Satyajit D. , Nahar Lutfun , Hamedi Azadeh
Published: January 2019

Background:

The essential oil from the Acantholimon genus have been an integral part
of the traditional food additive in Middle East. Most of the plants in Acantholimon genus have not
been studied scientifically. The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial,
insecticidal and anti-oxidant activities of three Acantholimon species including Acantholimon
atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium.

Method:

The essential oils of the aerial parts were extracted by hydrodistillation. Chemical constitutions
were identified by gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy technique, also their toxicities
were assessed against the two important grain products pests, Oryzeaphilus mercator and Tribolium
castaneum. Antibacterial activity was assessed against the three foodborne bacteria that include Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus based on the disc diffusion assay.
Free-radical-scavenging property was identified based on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging activity.

Results:

2-hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was the main compound in A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium,
whilst farnesyl acetone, heptacosane and germacrene D were the principal components of A.
atropatanum essential oil. These oils exhibited 40-90% mortality of O. mercator and/or T.
castaneum at a dose of 12 μl/l air after 48h of exposure, and exhibited significant free-radicalscavenging
property (RC50 = 3.7 × 10-3 - 8.3 × 10-3 mg/ml). The oils of A. tragacanthium and A.
gilliatii showed a weaker antibacterial activity compared to A. atropatanum.

Conclusion:

A. atropatanum, A. gilliatii and A. tragacanthium essential oils had significant insecticidal
and anti-oxidant properties. They also showed week to moderate antibacterial activity against
P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
Improving Recommender Systems Using Co-Appearing and Semantically Correlated User Interests
Authors: Hawashin Bilal , Aqel Darah , Alzubi Shadi , Elbes Mohammad
Published: January 2019

Background:

Recommender Systems use user interests to provide more accurate recommendations
according to user actual interests and behavior.

Methods:

This work aims at improving recommender systems by discovering hidden user interests
from the existing interests. User interest expansion would contribute in improving the accuracy of
recommender systems by finding more user interests using the given ones. Two methods are proposed
to perform the expansion: Expanding interests using correlated interests’ extractor and Expanding
interests using word embeddings.

Results:

Experimental work shows that such expanding is efficient in terms of accuracy and execution
time.

Conclusion:

Therefore, expanding user interests proved to be a promising step in the improvement
of the recommender systems performance.
Front
Authors: Rukiyati Rukiyati
Published: January 2019

Halaman Judul, susunan redaksi, kata pengantar, daftar isi
Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran IPS (Materi Sejarah) Melalui Media Power Point di SMP Negeri 16 Kota Bogor
Authors: Sukriyatun Gunarti
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the improvement of quality learning process and learning outcomes of Social Sciences in class 7.6 through media Power Ponit. The population of this research is the grade seventh of  Yunior High School are consisted 36 students, there are 17 female and 19 male students. The implementation of this research at mid semester in 2010/2011. The result of this research showed in the first cycle get the value 73,89 or completeness study of 97,22% while in the second cycle get the value 80,83 or completeness study of 100%, it means that the research is successfully. Meanwhile, the assessment of quality in learning on the first cycle is 77,50% and the second cycle is 99,17%. In the other hand, the observation result of students behavior are showed an increasing with the value of the first cycle  is 69,44% and in the second cycle is get the value 100%. Based on the result of this research above, it can be conclude that the implementation of Media Power Point can improve the result in cognitive learning of Social Sciences. In addition it can improve the quality of learning and participation with students’ behavior. Keywords: Results of learning, Media Power Point
PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH YANG EFEKTIF DI SMA NEGERI 1 MLATI SLEMAN
Authors: Felinda Inna , Sugiyono Sugiyono
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to determine: (1) the application of learning methods, (2) the application of learning models, (3) the application of learning evaluation, (4) factors that support effective history learning, (5) factors that inhibit effective historical learning, (6) the absorption rate of students in learning history, and (7) the role of teachers in learning history of SMA Negeri 1 Mlati Sleman.This research is a qualitative. Key informant in this research were Headmaster, Deputy Headmaster of Curriculum Field, Teachers of History Study Course, and Students of IPS Department and IPA Class XI. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and documentation. Data validity used data triangulation. Data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman analysis model that was causal network. To be able to describe the meaning of relationships between factors in this study, using the method of fishbone diagram was used.The results showed that: (1) history learning of SMA Negeri 1 Mlati Sleman, included activities to select, establish, develop methods to achieve the desired teaching outcomes. The selection, determination, and development of this method were based on existing teaching conditions especially on historical learning. (2) One of the historical learning models used was images and video that were done so that images could be sorted into a logical sequence. (3) Evaluation of learning has been prepared at the beginning or time of programming of the semester except for evaluation or the final examination of the school was planned or taken preparation time of daily evaluation of each sub subject. For evaluation there were a written test, oral test (question and answer). (4) Factors that support the learning was that the learning strategy that was delivered could be received well by students and foster interest in student’s learning, because the interest was very influential in the process and learning outcomes. (5) Factors that hamper the learning of history included the diffent ability of students so that an individual learning approach was required for each student. Other obstacles are resources and learning tools such as history labs that had not been owned. (6) The absorption rate of students in learning history was closely related to students' understanding. In the learning process, each individual student had different abilities in understanding what he or she was learning. (7) The role of teachers in learning history included to providing motivation to students to be more enthusiastic in learning and stablishing good communication between teachers and students.Keywords: effective history learning, SMA N 1 Mlati
In-Home Cardiovascular Monitoring System for Heart Failure: Comparative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Conn Nicholas J , Schwarz Karl Q , Borkholder David A
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

There is a pressing need to reduce the hospitalization rate of heart failure patients to limit rising health care costs and improve outcomes. Tracking physiologic changes to detect early deterioration in the home has the potential to reduce hospitalization rates through early intervention. However, classical approaches to in-home monitoring have had limited success, with patient adherence cited as a major barrier. This work presents a toilet seat–based cardiovascular monitoring system that has the potential to address low patient adherence as it does not require any change in habit or behavior.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this work was to demonstrate that a toilet seat–based cardiovascular monitoring system with an integrated electrocardiogram, ballistocardiogram, and photoplethysmogram is capable of clinical-grade measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, stroke volume, and peripheral blood oxygenation.

METHODS

The toilet seat–based estimates of blood pressure and peripheral blood oxygenation were compared to a hospital-grade vital signs monitor for 18 subjects over an 8-week period. The estimated stroke volume was validated on 38 normative subjects and 111 subjects undergoing a standard echocardiogram at a hospital clinic for any underlying condition, including heart failure.

RESULTS

Clinical grade accuracy was achieved for all of the seat measurements when compared to their respective gold standards. The accuracy of diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure is 1.2 (SD 6.0) mm Hg (N=112) and –2.7 (SD 6.6) mm Hg (N=89), respectively. Stroke volume has an accuracy of –2.5 (SD 15.5) mL (N=149) compared to an echocardiogram gold standard. Peripheral blood oxygenation had an RMS error of 2.3% (N=91).

CONCLUSIONS

A toilet seat–based cardiovascular monitoring system has been successfully demonstrated with blood pressure, stroke volume, and blood oxygenation accuracy consistent with gold standard measures. This system will be uniquely positioned to capture trend data in the home that has been previously unattainable. Demonstration of the clinical benefit of the technology requires additional algorithm development and future clinical trials, including those targeting a reduction in heart failure hospitalizations.
Perbedaan Aktivitas Larvisida Antara Ekstrak Metanol, Etil Asetat dan Kloroform Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith pada Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Murini Tri , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , T.Satoto Tri Baskoro
Published: January 2019

Akhir-akhir ini banyak ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telah resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan larvisida baru dari bahan alam. Salah satu bahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvisida adalah rimpang Z. zerumbet, yang pada penelitian sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Penggunaan beberapa solven untuk melihat aktivitas larvisida terbaik pada Z. zerumbet belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak methanol, etil asetat dan kloroform pada A. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan posttest-only control group. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga macam ekstrak Z. zerumbet dengan perbedaan solven yaitu methanol, etil asetat dan kloroform. Dua puluh lima larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti dipejankan dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ketiga ekstrak rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematian larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan nilai LC50 dan LC90. Nilai LC50 dan LC90 ketiga ekstrak methanol; etil asetat dan kloroform adalah; 153,57; 185,80; 3542,03 ppm dan; 226,59 ; 274,70 ; 5567,24 ppm. Ekstrak methanol rimpang Z. zerumbet memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lainnya.
Gel Formulation of Lemongrass Essential Oil with HPMC and Carbopol Bases
Authors: Tambunan Suryani , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: January 2019

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil is proven to have efficacy as an antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Essential oils was formulate into gel dosage forms with a base combination of HPMC and carbopol. The use of this combination is known to produce a gel with physical properties better than a single use. This research aimed to investigate the effect of variations of HPMC and carbopol to the physical properties of the gel, the concentration of HPMC and carbopol to produce the optimum formula, and the physical stability of essential oil gel of lemongrass during storage. Gel was made by lemongrass essential oil at a concentration of 6% with  base of HPMC and carbopol. Each formula were made and tested the physical properties that include organoleptic, homogenity, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesiveness. HPMC and carbopol composition were determined through the process of screening and optimization Simplex Lattice Design methods by Design Expert 7.1.5 software. Experimental results and predictions of SLD were verified by testing one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. The optimum formula gel of lemongrass essential oil consisting of 4.00% HPMC and 1.00% carbopol. The results test of physical properties of lemongrass essential oil gel obtained homogeneous gel with a pH value of 6.00 ± 0.00, viscosity of 280.00 ± 26.46 dPa.S, spreadability of 9.36 ± 0.47 cm2, and adhesiveness of 2.36 ± 0.10 seconds. Lemongrass essential oil gel was stable for 3 cycles of testing include organoleptic, homogeneity, syneresis, pH, adhesion, and the viscosity of the gel. Spreadability of gel was not stable.
Logística del comercio internacional de la región de Asia Pacífico a través del Análisis Envolvente de Datos Network
Authors: Zamora Torres América Ivonne
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar el grado de eficiencia o ineficiencia de la red logística del comercio exterior, particularmente exportaciones, de 17 países que conforman la región Asia Pacífico, así como analizar que variables pueden mejorar y en qué medida para que los países que no son eficientes logren la optimización de sus recursos. La metodología propuesta para la presente investigación es el modelo no paramétrico llamado Análisis de la Envolvente de Datos (DEA) Network, presentado en dos etapas en la primer etapa o nodo, se utilizan como inputs las variables aduanas, infraestructura y servicios de transporte y como outputs del primer nodo e inputs en el segundo nodo, las variables servicios logísticos, costos y tiempo de ejecución y finalmente las variables volumen y valor de las exportaciones fueron utilizadas como outputs para el segundo nodo. Los resultados muestran que solo Singapur obtuvo los tres tipos de eficiencia analizados (Eficiencia Técnica Global, Eficiencia Técnica Pura y Eficiencia de Escala) mientras que algunos países muestran solo Eficiencia Técnica Pura tales el caso de México, China, Indonesia, Nueva Zelanda, Perú, Singapur y Tailandia lo que muestra que la mayoría de los países no están operando a una escala óptima a pesar de que algunos aprovechan bien sus recursos.
A SFC POLITICAL BUSINESS CYCLE: KALECKI’S 1943 MODEL REVISITED
Authors: Fisher Eloy
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

This paper features a stock-flow consistent (SFC) political business cycle model where the interplay between financial debt, income distribution and fiscal policy is politically mediated by the relative influence of workers and businesses over government policy and publicly provided goods. In countries where taxes are a politically costly alternative to generate fiscal revenue, debt finances fiscal expansionary activity to initially raise wages and increase output. However, institutional mechanisms keep such drivers in check, and prompt a stop-and-go cycle as Kalecki suggested in his landmark 1943 paper. We find that the push of labor interests against business stakeholders leads to non-linear dynamics over debt, deficits and long-term growth paths.

 

UN CICLO ECONÓMICO POLÍTICO CFC: REVISITANDO EL MODELO DE KALECKI DE 1943

RESUMEN

Este artículo presenta un modelo de ciclo económico-político consistente de flujo-cantidad (CFC) en el cual la interacción entre la deuda financiera, la distribución del ingreso y la política fiscal está mediada políticamente por la influencia relativa de los trabajadores y las empresas sobre la política del gobierno y los bienes públicos. En los países donde los impuestos representan una alternativa para generar ingresos políticamente costosa, la deuda financia la actividad fiscal expansionista para aumentar en primer término los salarios y el producto. Sin embargo, existen mecanismos institucionales que detienen estos motores e inducen un ciclo de interrupción y avance, tal como Kalecki sugirió en su innovador artículo de 1943. Encontramos que el ímpetu de los intereses de los trabajadores en contra de los empresarios conduce a una dinámica no lineal sobre las trayectorias de la deuda, los déficits y el crecimiento de largo plazo.