bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retour sur les « Trente Glorieuses » et la périodisation du second XX e siècle
Authors: Pawin Rémy
Published: December 2016

Les « Trente Glorieuses », expression forgée par l’économiste Jean Fourastié en 1979, se sont trop vite imposées pour constituer les années 1945-1975 en une période unifiée. Cette étude revient sur cette périodisation du second XX e siècle. D’abord, l’expression ne correspond pas à la quintessence des années 1945-1975 : elle est mal adaptée aux évolutions sociales et culturelles et homogénéise indûment une époque désunie ; loin de procéder d’une historiographie rigoureuse, elle résulte du regard nostalgique de Fourastié, qui rencontre les attentes des années 1980, comme en témoigne sa consécration. Ensuite, l’expression ne correspond pas non plus aux perceptions des contemporains : les enquêtes d’opinion permettent d’envisager la réception des récits proposés par les sondeurs et l’étude établit que l’adhésion à une geste glorieuse est loin d’être unanime. Dès lors, il convient sans doute d’abandonner ce label.
Charité et communauté diasporique dans l'Europe des XVI e -XVIII e siècles
Authors: Muchnik Natalia
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser la dimension socialement performative de la charité en contexte diasporique, chez des populations qui, au-delà de leurs différences de foi, ont en partage un exil pour « fait de religion » entre le XVI e et le XVIII e siècle : les huguenots, après la révocation de l’édit de Nantes (1685), les judéoconvers, descendants des séfarades convertis dans les années 1490, qui ont fui la péninsule Ibérique à partir du XVI e siècle, les morisques expulsés d’Espagne en 1609-1614, les catholiques partis d’Angleterre après l’instauration de l’anglicanisme (1560- 1570), et les jacobites qui ont quitté les îles britanniques après la Glorieuse Révolution (1688). Les pratiques d’assistance permettent d’agréger et d’articuler des populations éminemment mobiles qui manifestent en outre une forte hétérogénéité socio-économique, politique et même religieuse. La charité tente d’assurer la cohésion du groupe par ses marges, en dépit des discontinuités liées à la diversité des sociétés d’accueil et aux formes de clandestinité qu’elles imposent. Elle structure le collectif en corps, en communauté morale qui inclut vivants et morts, tout en l’amenant à « faire lieu », à se doter d’un territoire propre aux différentes échelles. Lorsque la répression décroît, la bienfaisance jette les bases de l’institutionnalisation des communautés locales, les légitimant face au reste de la diaspora, et renforce les liens entre les diverses implantations. Elle participe enfin du destin messianique des communautés croyantes que prétendent former ces diasporas.
Du commerce aux finances. La fortune de Jean Hoeufft (1578-1651), entre la France et les Provinces-Unies
Authors: Morera Raphaël
Published: December 2016

Appuyé sur une documentation renouvelée, cet article questionne le caractère apparemment exceptionnel du parcours de Jean Hoeufft. Appréhendant sa trajectoire dans un contexte commercial, politique et géopolitique, il repose sur l’hypothèse qu’elle tient à la continuité des réseaux de pouvoir économiques et politiques dirigeant la France de l’époque, d’une part, et au rôle spécifique qu’ils avaient confié à Hoeufft, d’autre part. Jean Hoeufft est né à Liège en 1578 et s’est éteint à Paris en 1651. En 1600, il s’installe à Rouen et déploie tout d’abord une activité de commerçant et d’armateur. À partir des années 1620, il se spécialise dans le commerce des armes auprès des armées françaises. Hoeufft bascule au cours des années 1630 dans la banque et la diplomatie. Représentant permanent des Provinces-Unies en France, il devient l’intermédiaire officiel entre La Haye et Paris, et intègre progressivement le système fisco-financier français. Les richesses accumulées lui permettent à partir des années 1640 de se tourner vers une activité bancaire mais aussi vers des investissements productifs comme les desséchements de marais.
Des coolies pour l’Algérie ? L’Afrique du Nord et le travail engagé (1856-1871)
Authors: Fredj Claire
Published: December 2016

Alors qu’au milieu du XIX e siècle la demande de coton se fait toujours plus vive, les autorités cherchent à développer cette culture en Algérie. C’est dans ce contexte qu’en 1856 la société Malavois, de Rochemur et Savignon sollicite la concession de 5000 ha de terres dans la province d’Oran, en proposant de faire venir des travailleurs engagés indiens et chinois pour cultiver le coton. Ce projet trouve un écho parmi les autorités, des colons, des industriels. Discuté par des publicistes influents comme Jules Duval, il fait l’objet d’un intérêt certain dans les années 1856- 1860, puis autour de 1862 avec la guerre de Sécession, avant d’être définitivement abandonné en 1871, sans avoir connu de réel commencement de réalisation. Il témoigne d’une des voies envisagées pour mettre en valeur le territoire algérien et de la multiplicité des plans de colonisation conçus pour y aboutir. Sa relative originalité dans un ensemble avant tout centré sur l’immigration européenne peut permettre de dépasser la « bipolarité » franco-algérienne en situant l’Algérie dans une réflexion à l’échelle de l’empire français, en la reliant à l’Asie, à la Réunion et aux Antilles.
Effect of extra virgin olive oil components on the arachidonic acid cascade, colorectal cancer and colon cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Storniolo C. E. , Moreno J. J.
Published: December 2016

The mediterranean diet (MD) reduced the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and olive oil, the primary source of fat in the MD, has also been found to have a protective effect. However, animals fed with oleic acid present a high number of intestinal tumours, suggesting that oleic acid and olive oil consumption can exert different effects on CRC. Considering that extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a complex mix of fatty acids and minor compounds such as polyphenols, hydrocarbons, phytosterols and triterpenes; and that these compounds have antioxidant activity and consequently they can modulate the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade and eicosanoid synthesis. This review analyzes the state of the art of olive oil components on the AA cascade and cellular mechanism involved in CRC such as intestinal epithelial cell growth/apoptosis, to understand the fact that the consumption of seed oils with high oleic content or EVOO will probably have different effects on CRC development.
Une reconnaissance de la singularité en cancérologie
Authors: Pombet Thibaud
Published: December 2016

L’article examine les pratiques de personnalisation des soins déployées dans une unité dédiée aux adolescents et jeunes adultes atteints de cancer (les « AJA », âgés de 15 à 25 ans). Pour cela, des données de terrain ont été recueillies lors d’une observation participante que l’auteur a effectuée pendant cinq mois en tant qu’animateur dans la première unité « AJA » de France. En mobilisant le modèle théorique de la reconnaissance développé par Axel Honneth, l’auteur montre que les rapports entre soignés et soignants sont polarisés par une attention portée à la singularité de l’individu, ce qui génère des attentes morales spécifiques. Les conflits entre soignants et soignés peuvent dès lors être interprétés comme le fruit d’expériences de mépris, attestant d’un écart entre promesses et pratiques de reconnaissance. Enfin, l’article analyse la forme d’autonomie prescrite aux jeunes malades dans le cadre de cette personnalisation des soins.
War Without End : le devoir de mémoire dans Babylon 5 (PTEN>TNT, 1993-1998)
Authors: Favard Florent
Published: December 2016

Cet article explore la représentation des conflits dans la série de science-fiction américaine Babylon 5 (PTEN>TNT, 1993-1998). Dans une perspective narratologique thématique, il s’agit en premier lieu d’analyser le réseau de conflits qui structure le monde fictionnel et l’intrigue de la série au sein d’un récit complexe et non linéaire, ainsi que les analogies tissées de façon systématique avec des conflits réels, dans l’ordre chronologique de la série. Le rapport de la série à l’Histoire, au devoir de mémoire et à l’historiographie est ensuite étudié, au travers de son utilisation des médias évoquant la couverture de la Guerre du Golfe ; de sa dénonciation de la propagande ; de l’importance des témoignages historiques pour l’intrigue ; ou encore de la figure du héros brandie par sa forme épique, puis malmenée de façon réflexive. Il est ainsi possible d’explorer les limites de la critique politique et sociale proposée par la série, et de mettre au jour le caractère cyclique de l’Histoire au cœur de son discours.
Entre traumatisme originel et choc fondateur : la Guerre Civile espagnole dans la série catalane Temps de silenci (TV3, 2001-2002)
Authors: Houdiard Jennifer
Published: December 2016

Depuis quelques années, les fictions à caractère historique se multiplient sur la chaîne publique catalane TV3. De La memòria dels Cargols (TV3, 1999), série humoristique relatant la vie d'une famille catalane durant sept siècles, à Ermessenda (TV3, 2011), mini-série centrée sur Ermessende de Carcassonne, qui régna sur les comtés de Barcelone, Gérone et Osona au début du XIe siècle, ces productions ont en commun de faire découvrir aux téléspectateurs quelques pages de l'histoire de cette « Nation sans État » qu'est la Catalogne, et d'explorer ainsi les origines et la construction d'une identité particulière, forgée dans l'adversité et maintes fois mise à mal. La série Temps de silenci (TV3, 2001-2002) constitue un exemple intéressant de ce traitement fictionnel de l'Histoire : elle raconte les amours contrariées d'Isabel Dalmau, fille d'un riche industriel barcelonais, et de Ramon Comes, employé dans l'usine de ce dernier, depuis les derniers mois de la Seconde République espagnole jusqu'à la Transition démocratique, en passant par les longues années de dictature du général Franco. L'un des traits d'originalité majeurs de cette série, si on la compare à des productions du même type, comme la série espagnole Amar en tiempos revueltos (TVE, 2005-2012), est le traitement de l'Histoire : au lieu d’être une toile de fond un peu grossière, un simple décor pour une romance tumultueuse, elle est bien souvent au premier plan dans Temps de silenci. A cet égard, l'évocation de la guerre civile espagnole dans cette série est particulièrement intéressante : le conflit qui sonne le glas de la relation naissante entre Isabel et Ramon porte également un coup fatal à ce qu'était la Catalogne durant la République. A travers l’itinéraire des personnages, protagonistes ou comparses, Temps de silenci raconte l'histoire de la Catalogne contemporaine comme celle d'une (re)construction après ce que l'on pourrait considérer comme un traumatisme originel : quatre décennies de répression visant à détruire la culture et l'identité catalanes, mais aussi et surtout quarante ans de résistance pour que continuent à vivre une langue et une culture, autant d'années de lutte dont les Catalans d'aujourd'hui sont les héritiers.
Terrorisme ou guerre de libération ? Lecture critique du conflit israélo-palestinien dans The Promise de Peter Kosminsky (Channel Four, 2011)
Authors: Hary Maggy
Published: December 2016

Depuis ses débuts en tant que réalisateur, l’œuvre de Peter Kosminsky est marquée par une réflexion sur la guerre, que celle-ci soit abordée via le documentaire (The Falklands War : the Untold Story, Yorkshire Television, 1987) ou la fiction (Warriors, BBC One, 1999). The Promise (Channel 4, 2011), qui revient sur l’histoire du conflit israélo-arabe, ne fait pas exception à la règle. Plus qu’une simple série historique cherchant à reconstituer le plus fidèlement possible des événements passés, The Promise éclaire le conflit israélo-palestinien actuel à la lumière de la violence qui a marqué la naissance de l’État hébreu. En ce sens, il livre une lecture critique et éminemment polémique d’un conflit qui semble voué à se poursuivre à l’infini. Mais en suscitant l’empathie du spectateur pour tous les personnages qui incarnent cette grande fresque historique, quelles que soient leurs ambitions politiques, Kosminsky dresse aussi un portrait nuancé et sensible d’une situation géopolitique extrêmement épineuse que l’on ne saurait résoudre à des simplifications manichéennes.
L’art du stéréotype : la représentation des guerres de Religion dans la série Le Chevalier de Pardaillan de Josée Dayan (Antenne 2, 1988)
Authors: Carpi Olivia
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose d’analyser la forme et le fond d’une production télévisuelle méconnue car déjà ancienne (1986-88) et considérée comme très inférieure à d’autres du même genre qui l’ont précédée, celles de l’âge d’or du feuilleton historique télévisé, dans les années 1960-70. Car cette adaptation, très fidèle, du roman de cape et d’épée de Michel Zévaco est indéniablement porteuse d’un imaginaire, qui n’a d’ailleurs rien de spécifique, des guerres de Religion françaises du XVIe siècle. Celles-ci ont effectivement alimenté une véritable « mythologie nationale », dont on retrouve l’essentiel dans cette œuvre télévisuelle qui se voulait plaisante et consensuelle, mais dont le contenu est pourtant loin d’être anodin, idéologiquement parlant.
La représentation des guerres et de l'histoire américaine de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle dans Code Quantum (Quantum Leap, NBC, 1989-1993)
Authors: Cornillon Claire
Published: December 2016

Cet article analyse la manière dont la série Quantum Leap représente les différents conflits de l'histoire américaine de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, en particulier la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la guerre du Vietnam. Alors que les champs de bataille sont rarement montrés, la guerre existe partout sous forme de traces, blessures et traumatismes qui hantent l'imaginaire américain. Samuel Beckett visite la grande Histoire par l'intermédiaire des histoires intimes d'individus. La série invite le protagoniste à explorer différents points de vue, différentes expériences de vie, notamment traumatiques, et construit ainsi un propos pacifiste et une dénonciation des souffrances causées par les guerres.
Modern and Sleek Web Technologies for Promoting Library Services and Resources
Authors: Pop Corina Monica , Mogan Gheorghe Leonte
Published: December 2016

Creating a special Web software application that will present the library services and resources requires special skills in the field of Web technologies. The developed Web application allows quick access to important information about the library since it requires only a few taps on the touch screen to access and view the desired information. The software is intended to enhance user real time access to information regarding the library’s newest book acquisitions, databases free trial, events.
Multicriteria Decision Making Using Double Refined Indeterminacy Neutrosophic Cross Entropy and Indeterminacy Based Cross Entropy
Authors: Kandasamy Ilanthenral , Smarandache Florentin
Published: December 2016

Double Refined Indeterminacy Neutrosophic Set (DRINS) is an inclusive case of the refined neutrosophic set, defined by Smarandache (2013), which provides the additional possibility to represent with sensitivity and accuracy the uncertain, imprecise, incomplete, and inconsistent information which are available in real world. More precision is provided in handling indeterminacy; by classifying indeterminacy (I) into two, based on membership; as indeterminacy leaning towards truth membership (IT) and indeterminacy leaning towards false membership (IF). This kind of classification of indeterminacy is not feasible with the existing Single Valued Neutrosophic Set (SVNS), but it is a particular case of the refined neutrosophic set (where each T, I, F can be refined into T1, T2, ...; I1, I2, ...; F1, F2, ...). DRINS is better equipped at dealing indeterminate and inconsistent information, with more accuracy than SVNS, which fuzzy sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) are incapable of. Based on the cross entropy of neutrosophic sets, the cross entropy of DRINSs, known as Double Refined Indeterminacy neutrosophic cross entropy, is proposed in this paper. This proposed cross entropy is used for a multicriteria decision-making problem, where the criteria values for alternatives are considered under a DRINS environment. Similarly, an indeterminacy based cross entropy using DRINS is also proposed. The double valued neutrosophic weighted cross entropy and indeterminacy based cross entropy between the ideal alternative and an alternative is obtained and utilized to rank the alternatives corresponding to the cross entropy values. The most desirable one(s) in decision making process is selected. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. A brief comparison of the proposed method with the existing methods is carried out.
Gas Turbine Using In Situ Combustion
Authors: Cuciumita Cleopatra Florentina , Porumbel Ionuţ , Dănăilă Sterian
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the background and objectives of a new research project carried out in the field of in situ gas turbine combustion. An extensive literature review highlighting the state-of-the-art in the field is presented. Several possible solutions for the turbine burner are also included. The objectives and the expected original contributions of the projects conclude the paper.
Electrochemical Drinking Water Disinfection with TiO2-x Ceramic Electrodes at Flow Conditions
Authors: Denisova Viktorija , Mezule Linda , Juhna Tālis , Ozolins Jurijs
Published: December 2016

Electrochemical disinfection device EDI-001 equipped with titanium oxide (TiO2-x) ceramic electrodes was tested as a system for direct treatment of drinking water at flow conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the disinfection efficiency and main system parameters. Escherichia coli was selected as the model microorganism. The results have shown that contaminated tap water was completely disinfected within 15 minutes by using EDI-001.
Use of Industrial Waste and Raw Materials in Iron Sorption
Authors: Lodins Edmunds , Pudze Inga , Rozenstrauha Ineta , Krage Linda
Published: December 2016

This work focuses on pellets made by Latvian industrial waste (waste cullet glass, sewage sludge, metallurgical slag and alumina scrap metal processing waste and raw mineral materials (limeless clay) to gain high porosity and water sorptiom. Iron sorption using ceramic pellets is explored more detailed. Physical-chemical properties and microstructure were researched to obtain a deeper understanding of how these qualities affect water purification from iron compounds. Three pellets with different properties were made in this paper : B5, A5 and E1. Composition B5 indicates highest iron sorption rate at sintering temperature 1100 °C and shows considerable iron reduction in a solution after one week.
Using Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge for Porous Ceramics Production
Authors: Krivane Dace , Bondars Kaspars , Savikina Jekaterina , Korjakins Aleksandrs
Published: December 2016

The paper discusses the EU directive and the rules for disposing of sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge and storage conditions that have been adopted, it does not fully cover possible use of STP sludge for industrial purposes. One of the ways of reducing amount of sludge is treatment of this waste for further application as additive or raw material for producing building materials. Manufacturing of porous ceramic materials from local raw materials (e.g. clay) using water treatment sludge and sawdust as combustible filler is possible. In order to reduce the sludge humidity, freezing method was used, where sludge give away more loose water in the process of thawing. It was proved during the research that sewage treatment plant sludge can be used to make porous ceramic materials.
Effect of Meta- and Para-Substitution of the Aromatic Diamines on the Properties of Poly(Amidoimidourethane)
Authors: Kobykhno Ilya , Tolochko Oleg , Vasilyeva Ekaterina , Didenko Andrei , Kuznetcov Danila , Vaganov Gleb , Ivanov Alexey , Kudryavtsev Vladislav
Published: December 2016

The paper experimentally studies the effect of meta and para- substitution of the amino groups in the diamine used in the synthesis of multiblock copolymers. The way for synthesis of new multiblock copolymers with the possibility of replacing the diamine in the polymer structure was shown. Thermal and mechanical properties of synthesized copolymers had been characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and by nanoindentation and tensile test.
The Level of Inflammatory Cytokines and Antimicrobial Peptides after Composite Material Implantation and Contamination with Bacterial Culture
Authors: Skadiņš Ingus , Kroiča Juta , Salma Ilze , Reinis Aigars , Sokolova Marina , Rostoka Dagnija
Published: December 2016

As biomaterial implantation is a traumatic process, especially if the implanted object becomes contaminated by bacteria, it can cause a significant increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines. An increase in the level of inflammatory cytokines can be used as a marker of biomaterial associated infection (BAI) in surrounding tissues. To prevent BAI and production of inflammatory cytokines, biomaterials with antibiotics should be used, in particular biomaterials with prolonged release of antibiotics. In this in vivo study, the level of inflammatory cytokines (interleukine – 10 (IL-10), beta-defensin-2 and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-alpha)) was determined in surrounding tissues after composite material implantation in vivo and wound contamination with Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The results show that the level of inflammatory cytokines is normal in surrounding tissues after implantation of biomaterials with prolonged release of antibiotics. Biomaterials with rapid release of antibiotics also show normal levels of inflammatory cytokines. The level of inflammatory cytokines increases in cases if biomaterials without antibiotics are implanted in vivo, thus being an indication of inflammation process and BAI.
Properties of Nanosized Ferrite Powders and Sintered Materials Prepared by the Co-Precipitation Technology, Combined with the Spray-Drying Method
Authors: Zālīte Ilmārs , Heidemane Gundega , Palcevskis Eriks , Maiorov Mikhail
Published: December 2016

Cobalt and nickel ferrites powders are synthesized by the co-precipitation technology, combined with the spray-drying method. The crystallite size, specific surface area (SSA), magnetic properties of synthesized products are investigated. All the synthesized ferrites are nanocrystalline single phase materials with crystallite size of 5-6 nm, the SSA of 80-85 m2/g and the calculated particle size of 13-15 nm. After spray-drying granules of the size up to 10 μm are obtained. After thermal treatment at 550 and 950 °C SSA decreases to 40-50 m2/g and 20-22 m2/g, respectively. The saturation magnetization at these temperatures increase from 17 to 40 emu/g for NiFe2O4 and from 51 to 77 emu/g for CoFe2O4. By the pressure-less sintering method the dense material forms at 1100 °C for CoFe2O4 and 1200-1300 °C for NiFe2O4.
Optimization of Structure of Hardmetal Reinforced Iron-Based PM Hardfacings for Abrasive Wear Conditions
Authors: Simson Taavi , Kulu Priit , Surženkov Andrei , Goljandin Dmitri , Tarbe Riho , Tarraste Marek , Viljus Mart
Published: December 2016

This paper focuses on the influence of hardmetal reinforcement amount, shape and size on the abrasive wear resistance of composite iron self-fluxing alloy (FeCrSiB) based hardfacings produced by the powder metallurgy (PM) technology. First, the size of the reinforcement (1 – 2.5 mm) was fixed, but its shape (angular or spherical) and amount (0 – 50 vol%) were varied. Then the reinforcement shape (angular) and amount (50 vol%) were kept constant, while its size (0.16 – 0.315 mm fine reinforcement and 1 – 2.5 mm coarse reinforcement) and proportion of fine and coarse reinforcement (all fine, all coarse, half fine-half coarse) were varied. ASTM G65 abrasive rubber wheel wear test was applied to find out the wear resistance of the hardfacings; an unreinforced self-luxing alloy (FeCrSiB) hardfacing was the reference material. Volumetric wear rate was calculated according to the weight loss. Worn surfaces were studied under scanning electron microscope. As a result, an optimal composition of the hardmetal containing Fe-based hardfacings based on the reinforcement amount (vol%), shape (irregular or spherical) and size (fine or coarse) is given.
Formulation and Characterization of PAI-PTFE-cg Antifriction Coatings
Authors: Gedan-Smolka Michaela , Marschner Anne , Lehmann Dieter , Franke Rainer , Klemm Marco , Leidich Erhard , Prase Björn
Published: December 2016

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder is used as a solid lubricant in commercial antifriction coatings. However, most of the matrix polymers are usually not compatible with virgin PTFE resulting in low dispersion and mechanical film stability and adhesion. In our research PTFE TF 2025 was irradiated by g-beam generating PTFE micropowder with persistant radicals and functional groups. These functional groups are able to perform a chemical grafting (cg) of polyamideimide (PAI) and modified PTFE-micropowder by reactive extrusion in melt. Based on grinded extrudates PAI-PTFE-cg dispersions were formulated followed by characterizing dispersion as well as film properties. It was found, that PAI-PTFE-cg dispersion comprises very small PTFE-particles at higher g-irradiation doses in homogeneous dispersions. In addition, all samples showed outstanding film flexibility. Basic tribological properties under mixed lubrication were studied by using a ring-on-disk tribometer. Finally, diluted dispersions were applied to a multi-surface sliding bearing (four segments) for testing in a hydrodynamic plain test bench.
Pulsed Electric Current Sintered Cr2O3-rGO Composites
Authors: Cura M. Erkin , Singh Vivek Kumar , Viitaharju Panu , Lehtonen Joonas , Hannula Simo Pekka
Published: December 2016

Chromium oxide is a promising material for applications where excellent corrosion resistance, high hardness, and high wear resistance are needed. However, its use is limited because of low fracture toughness. Improvement of fracture toughness of chromium oxide while maintaining its afore mentioned key properties is therefore of high interest. In this communication we study the possibility of increasing the toughness of pulsed electric current sintered (PECS) chromium oxide by the addition of graphene oxide (GO). The indentation fracture toughness was improved markedly with the addition of graphene oxide. Materials prepared by direct chemical homogenization had better fracture toughness. In composites with 10 vol.% GO piling of thin graphene oxide layers resulted in the formation of graphite layers between Cr2O3 and in carbide formation, which were observed to be the main reasons for the degradation of the mechanical properties. The distribution of graphene oxide was more homogeneous, when the GO amount was 0.1 vol.% and the formation of graphitic layers were avoided due to lesser amount of GO as well as ultrasonic treatment following the ball milling.
Nanosilica Activated High Volume Fly Ash Concrete: Effects on Selected Properties
Authors: Labaj Martin , Hela Rudolf , Hájková Iveta
Published: December 2016

By volume, there is no other material used as much as concrete. Its mechanical properties, durability and favorable price makes concrete the perfect construction material. In last few decades, we are seeing a growing trend of partial Portland cement’s replacement with secondary raw materials, most commonly with fly ash. So-called high volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes usually contains over 50% of it. While HVFA concrete’s long-term properties and price are improved over the classical one, its early age properties are often affected negatively. Here, a highly reactive pozzolans enters the scene. Materials like microsilica and metakaolin are known to accelerate concrete’s strength development and improve early age characteristics. In this paper, nanosilica is used for this purpose. These SiO2 nanoparticles possesses a much higher surface area and thus reactivity. Three mixtures with 0, 40 a 60% portland cement’s replacement with fly ash were prepared and tested with and without addition of small amount of nanosilica. Effects on compressive strength, static and dynamic moduli of elasticity and resistivity against water pressure were observed. Results clearly demonstrates that even with dosage in the range of tenths of percent, nanosilica can significantly improve concrete’s properties.
Influence of Mix Proportions on Water Absorption of RCA Concretes
Authors: Jaskulski Roman , Las Paweł , Kubissa Wojciech
Published: December 2016

The subject of the work is to develop probabilistic models defining the water absorption of concretes made ​​with the use of recycled aggregate (RCA). For the study 16 series of concrete mixtures were made with a 50 mass% share of recycled aggregate in the whole amount of coarse aggregate. The analysis of test results aimed at formulating a relationship between water absorption value and selected parameters of the composition of concretes. The objective was to find a model giving the best fit between calculated values and test results. Formulated models were then used in probabilistic modeling absorption using a Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate a good agreement of the mean values of water absorption and possibility of good fitting of the standard deviation if an additional summand is introduced into the model.
Dispersed Reinforcement Based on Natural Fibres Used in Cement Composites
Authors: Hroudová Jitka , Sedlmajer Martin , Magdaléna Magdaléna
Published: December 2016

One of the options for improving the mechanical properties of cement composites is the use of fibre reinforcement. Nowadays, steel or polymer fibres are most frequently used for this purpose. However, given the increasingly stricter requirements related to environmental protection, one goal is to find ways of using alternative fibres of natural origin or waste fibres for which it is difficult to find other practical use. This paper focuses on one part of the development of materials which contain natural waste fibres as dispersed reinforcement in thermally insulating cement composites. The authors aimed to observe what influence the fibres have on the material’s final mechanical properties as well as thermal insulation properties. Another important factor, which was investigated, was the quotient of mechanical and thermal insulation properties. The results of this research showed that waste cellulose fibres have a considerable effect. The best compressive strength values were found in mixture M-2-BF which contained waste basalt fibres. The highest flexural strength values were reached by mixture M-3-CF-a containing cellulose fibres.
Influence of Waste Crushed Limestone and Waste Micronized Marble Powder on Mechanical Properties of Cement Composite
Authors: Prošek Zdeněk , Topič Jaroslav , Šeps Karel , Tesárek Pavel
Published: December 2016

For production of the samples were used several types of aggregate: the standard sand from Zalezlice, the standard sand from Gaza, waste crushed limestone, waste marble sludge and waste micronized marble powder. The Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R produced in Radotín was used as binder. Testing was carried at prismatic samples of dimension 40 × 40 × 160 mm. Another approach than previously used solutions consists primarily in micronization marble sludge with a high-speed mill, this modified micronized filler may also an impact on the final properties of composite materials based on cement. The micronized powder may have binding properties that are activated in this way. Dynamic modulus of elasticity, dynamic shear modulus, flexural strength and compressive strength were determined for the 28 days old samples.
Application of Non-Destructive Methods for the Determination of Microstructural Parameters of Recycled Asphalt Concrete in Track Bed
Authors: Lidmila Martin , Zikmund Tomáš , Dvořák Jindřich , Kaiser Jozef , Lojda Vít
Published: December 2016

The extent of the use of asphalt concrete in track bed layers is minimal in contrast to the application of granular materials mostly represented by coarse/fine crushed stone mixture. This article summarizes advantages and disadvantages of the use of asphalt concrete in the track bed construction and provides relevant literature research. The main part of this article focuses on the application of recycled asphalt concrete (so called R-material) in the track bed layer and its following non-destructive X-ray Micro Computed Tomography Method (Micro-CT) for the description of its structural parameters. The contribution of this research is based on the evaluation of the air void and soluble binder content of chosen recycled asphalt concrete. First, it was obtained from laboratory geotechnical models of a railway track, and then from the following implementation in a trial section of an operating railway track. The conclusion contains results of the R-material practical application and findings from Micro-CT.
Experimental Analysis of Strengthening of Dapped-End Beams
Authors: Rymeš Jiří , Štemberk Petr , Kohoutková Alena
Published: December 2016

Technology of precast reinforced concrete finds its application in construction of buildings as well as transport infrastructure. Placement of a dapped-end beam on a corbel is one of the typical details for this construction technology. Designing of a dapped-end is crucial for the whole beam because any potential crack decreases the overall stiffness of the beam and can cause a collapse of the whole structure in the worst case. This paper presents results of an experimental research which was performed on a set of 6 small-scale dapped-end beams. Two different ways of prestressing were applied to experimental specimens and their ultimate-load bearing capacity were compared with plain concrete samples and with reinforced concrete samples. The results of this work suggest that horizontal prestressing technique is more efficient than vertical prestressing technique if the same prestressing force is applied.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Tensile Properties of Textile Reinforced Concrete with Steel Fibres
Authors: Machovec Jan , Vogel Filip , Linforth Steven , Konvalinka Petr
Published: December 2016

The topic of this article is the experimental and numerical testing of tensile strength of glass textile reinforced cement-based composites with steel fibres. Cement-based composite is similar to high-performance concrete, with its maximal compressive strength higher than 100 MPa. We used thirty six dogbone-shaped specimens for uniaxial tensile loading with three different kinds of textile reinforcement. The difference between reinforcement was in its weight of 1 m2 of textile. We focused on maximal tensile stress in specimens and the ductile behaviour after first cracking occurred. We will compare results from experimental testing made on different types of reinforcement and results from numerical computer model. Tensile stress was generated by loading with constant increase of displacement.
An Additively Manufactured Modular Metamaterial Composed of a Single Cell
Authors: Nežerka Václav , Somr Michael , Janda Tomáš , Doškář Martin , Zeman Jan , Novák Jan
Published: December 2016

Preliminary outcomes on a novel modular additive manufacturing technology are presentedin this contribution. The capabilities of the proposed system to synthesize materials with conventionalor meta properties are explored. Two limiting and a single mixed compositions are tested in com-pression in order to reveal both, global and local behaviours of the conglomerates. The experimentalmeasurements are supported by DIC (Digital Image Correlation) observations.
The Comparison of Water, Water Vapour Transport Properties and Mechanical Characterization of Two Commercial Plasters on Market in the Czech Republic
Authors: Čáchová Monika , Koňáková Dana , Vejmelková Eva , Koťátková Jaroslava , Černý Robert
Published: December 2016

This article deals with the comparison of two different renovation plasters produced by different companies in the Czech Republic. The selected stuccos were Feinputz 212 supplied by HASIT Šumavské vápenice a omítkárny s.r.o and Kbelosan F from Knauf Praha spol. s.r.o. They were studied in the means of basic physical properties, mechanical properties, water transport properties and water vapour transport properties. Results revealed only slight variations in bulk density, matrix density and open porosity, but in the means of transport properties, the plaster Feinputz 212 showed much higher openness to water and water vapour transport.
The Issue of Underground Depositing of High Radioactive Waste
Authors: Kočová Markéta , Říhová Zdeňka , Zatloukal Jan
Published: December 2016

Nowadays manipulation and depositing of high-level radioactive waste has become the most important issue, which needs to be solved. High-level radioactive waste consists mainly of spent fuel elements from nuclear power plants, which cannot be deposited for long time in surface repositories in the same way as it is possible in case of low and medium level radioactive waste. The most effective and safe solution in longer time horizon seems to be deep geological repository of high level waste. In this process of deposition, large amount of specific conditions needs to be taken into account while designing the whole underground complex, because the materials and structures must fulfil all necessary requirements. Then adequate safety will be ensured.
Durability of Two Types of HPC at Sulphate Solution Environment
Authors: Pokorný Jaroslav , Pavlíková Milena , Pavlík Zbyšek
Published: December 2016

Sulphate attack of concrete and cement composites comprises sulphate ions migration into the material porous space and their following reaction with hydration products in the presence of water. Newly formed compounds initiate filling of porous space and volume expansion. Sulphate corrosion phenomenon still belongs to the main mechanism affecting the durability and service life of concrete structures. This paper deals with the investigation of sulphate resistance of two types of High Performance Concrete (HPC) exposed for 168 days to sodium sulphate water solution and reference environment of distilled water. Corrosive action is monitored at chosen time periods non-destructively, i.e. using measurement of length and mass changes, basic physical characteristics and dynamic moduli. Additionally, destructive tests of mechanical parameters are realised. For samples immersed in distilled water, improvement in mechanical strength is observed for the both studied HPCs. In case of HPC C I containing crushed aggregate, the improvement of mechanical resistivity is observed for samples exposed to sulphate solution for 140 days only. For other researched period of sulphate exposure, mechanical strength decreased in comparison with the reference values. On the other hand, HPC C II exhibited mechanical resistivity to sulphate action in all examined time periods of sulphate solution exposure.
The Crystalline Admixture Effect on Concrete and Cement Mortar Compressive Strength
Authors: Pazderka Jiří
Published: December 2016

There have been many experimental measurements of the waterproofing ability of concrete with a crystalline admixture. For the comprehensive evaluation of crystalline admixtures, it is necessary to consider their effect on the compressive strength of concrete fck, not only their waterproofing ability. The paper describes laboratory testing which subject was the selected crystalline admixtures effect on the compressive strength of concrete fck. The results have shown that the compressive strength fck,cubeof concrete with a crystalline admixture (added in an amount of 2%) was almost identical to the specimens from concrete without admixture after 28 days. The compressive strength of the next specimens from cement mortar with a smaller amount of a crystalline admixture (1%) after the 28 days was higher than the strength of the specimens without admixtures.
The Need for an Effective Process to Resolve Conflicts Over Medical Futility: A Case Study and Analysis
Authors: Olmstead Jocelyn A. , Dahnke Michael D.
Published: December 2016

The issue of medical futility requires a well-defined process in which both sides of the dispute can be heard and a resolution reached in a fair and ethical manner. Procedural approaches to medical futility cases provide all parties involved with a process-driven framework for resolving these disputes. Medical paternalism or the belief in the absolute rightness of the medical model will not serve to resolve these disputes. Although medical futility is first determined by medicine, in order for the determination to meet legal criteria, it must be subject to review. The hope is that through a review process that meets legal criteria, the issue can be resolved without the need for court proceedings. If resolution cannot be obtained through this process, surrogates still have the right to seek court intervention. This issue is of relevance and importance in critical care nursing because of the role and position of critical care nurses, who have direct contact with patients and patients’ families, the potential for moral distress in cases of possibly futile treatment, and the expanding roles of nurses, including critical care nurses and advanced practice nurses, in management and policy development.
Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Dressings and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Düzkaya Duygu Sönmez , Sahiner Nejla Canbulat , Uysal Gülzade , Yakut Tülay , Çitak Agop
Published: December 2016

Background

Bloodstream infections related to use of catheters are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital lengths of stay, and increased medical costs.

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings with that of standard dressings in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Methods

A total of 100 children were randomly divided into 2 groups of 50 each: a chlorhexidine group and a standard group. Patient care was provided in accordance with prevention bundles. Patients were followed up for development of catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Results

Catheter colonization occurred in 4 patients in the standard group (8%) and in 1 patient in the chlorhexidine group (2%). Catheter-related bloodstream infections occurred in 5 patients in the standard group (10%) and in 1 patient in the chlorhexidine group (2%). Although more patients in the standard group had catheter-related bloodstream infections, the difference in infection rates between the 2 groups was not significant (P = .07).

Conclusions

Use of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings reduced rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections, contamination, colonization, and local catheter infection in a pediatric intensive care unit but was not significantly better than use of standard dressings.
Full Scale Ice Trials of the Icebreaking Research Vessel R/V Sikuliaq
Authors: Neville M. A. , Martin E. H.
Published: December 2016

AKAC participated in the full scale ice trials of the newly built R/V Sikuliaq, owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. The purpose of the trials was to identify its ability to conduct science missions in ice, as well as to develop operational procedures for conducting independent science missions in ice.

This paper gives an overview of the key design features of the R/V Sikuliaq that enable it to conduct science missions in ice, as well as the observations and results from the full scale trials.

This paper provides real life experience on the operational performance of a state of the art research vessel. The experiences shared in this paper are applicable to a wide range of operations in ice, including station keeping in ice and towing in ice.
Protective T Cell Responses Featured by Concordant Recognition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus–Derived CD8+ T Cell Epitopes and Host MHC
Authors: Liu William J. , Lan Jiaming , Liu Kefang , Deng Yao , Yao Yanfeng , Wu Shaolian , Chen Hong , Bao Lingling , Zhang Haifeng , Zhao Min , Wang Qihui , Han Lingxia , Chai Yan , Qi Jianxun , Zhao Jincun , Meng Songdong , Qin Chuan , Gao George F. , Tan Wenjie
Published: December 2016

The coordinated recognition of virus-derived T cell epitopes and MHC molecules by T cells plays a pivotal role in cellular immunity–mediated virus clearance. It has been demonstrated that the conformation of MHC class I (MHC I) molecules can be adjusted by the presented peptide, which impacts T cell activation. However, it is still largely unknown whether the conformational shift of MHC I influences the protective effect of virus-specific T cells. In this study, utilizing the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus–infected mouse model, we observed that through the unusual secondary anchor Ile5, a CD8+ T cell epitope drove the conformational fit of Trp73 on the α1 helix of murine MHC I H-2Kd. In vitro renaturation and circular dichroism assays indicated that this shift of the structure did not influence the peptide/MHC I binding affinity. Nevertheless, the T cell recognition and the protective effect of the peptide diminished when we made an Ile to Ala mutation at position 5 of the original peptide. The molecular bases of the concordant recognition of T cell epitopes and host MHC-dependent protection were demonstrated through both crystal structure determination and tetramer staining using the peptide–MHC complex. Our results indicate a coordinated MHC I/peptide interaction mechanism and provide a beneficial reference for T cell–oriented vaccine development against emerging viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
The use of the term ‘DNA’ as a missiological metaphor in contemporary Church narratives
Authors: Andrews Scott
Published: December 2016

Missiologists propose that the Church and mission are inseparable as the Church has its very being because there is mission, and it is the Missio Dei which constitutes the Church. In recent history the Anglican Church has interpreted this as the essential ‘DNA’ of the local church which is to be a missional community. The church’s mission therefore is presented as the gift of participating through the Holy Spirit in the Son’s mission from the Father to the world. In other words, it is proposed that the Church is both the fruit of God’s mission and the agent of His mission. But, in order to communicate this relationship between Church and mission in a postmodern context, the use of new metaphors and new terminologies, which are derived from our contemporary context, is shaping new ways of thinking. An exploration of the development of missional churches considers the significance of developing and embedding what has become referred to as missional DNA or mDNA at every level of the organisation of the Church. This mDNA is the outward model of missional behaviour that compels the whole church to reach a lost world. It can be seen from evidence-based, case study research amongst large churches in the UK that there is consistency in the adoption and use of the term DNA by its leadership in reference to the local church’s values and its attitude towards mission. This article explores the hypothesis that the term DNA is commonly accepted amongst local churches as a contributor to a contemporary language that forms the narrative of the Church and explores its feasibility and shortcomings as an adopted missiological metaphor.