bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Studies of the Aerophysical Characteristics on the Head Part of the Supersonic Body of Rotation During Flight Along Trajectories
Authors: Shyiko Oleksandr M. , Koplyk Igor , Оbukhov Olexii
Published: January 2024

The use of modern computer systems for calculating the aerophysical characteristics of supersonic bodies of revolution together with the calculation of the flight trajectory under conditions of continuously changing Mach and Reynolds numbers of the oncoming flow, the presence of transient regimes and non-isothermality in near-wall flows is often not possible due to the complexity of the organisation of the computational process. By using a number of integral methods for calculating inviscid flows and viscous compressible near-wall flows, taking into account the non isothermality and intermittency of the boundary layer, a method has been developed for calculating the friction and heating of supersonic bodies of revolution on the flight trajectory. On the basis of well-known flight experiments, the correlation dependences of the Reynolds numbers of the beginning of the transition on sharp cones were obtained and the method of corrections for spherical blunting of the head part was implemented. By calculating the intermittency function, the changeability of flow regimes in the boundary layer is established for a number of trajectories of the supersonic uncontrolled rocket projectile. Calculated dependences for aerodynamic friction, heat fluxes and projectile wall temperature on the flight time are obtained. The concept of combined calculation of aerophysical characteristics on the flight trajectory using numerical and integral methods is proposed.
A Planar Dual Notched Band Vivaldi Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications
Authors: Chaabane Abdelhalim , Guerroui Mohammed
Published: January 2024

With the aim of realizing a Vivaldi Antenna (VA) with stop bands for wireless communication applications, this paper introduces a novel, uncomplicated, easily fabricated, and compact planar VA featuring two distinctive rejected frequency bands. The designed VA is engraved onto an FR4-epoxy substrate, measuring 0.4243λ0×0.4296λ0 ×0.01315λ0 at 2.63 GHz. The integration of dual notched band functionality is ingeniously achieved through the implementation of a simple additional strip and a U-formed slit. A physical prototype of the VA was successfully constructed and meticulously measured with the R&S®ZNB Vector Network Analyser. The measured impedance bandwidth demonstrates that the realised VA operates from 2.63 GHz to beyond 12 GHz while effectively excluding two bands: 3.46-4.16 GHz (18.37 %) and 5.32-6.5 GHz (19.97 %). Simulated results indicate that the designed VA can provide stable unidirectional radiation patterns, reasonable realized gain, and acceptable radiation efficiency across its operating ranges, with notable drops observed at the two notched bands. As a result, these findings highlight the practical value of the designed VA for wireless communication applications, particularly in scenarios where the integration of filtering structures in antennas becomes essential to prevent interference with co-existing systems. The presented VA opens new avenues for enhancing wireless communication performance, catering to the increasing demand for reliable and interference-resistant solutions.
Analisis Desain Interior Ruang Baca dengan Konsep Library Cafe di Perpustakaan SMAN 1 Kedungwaru
Authors: Fernanda Yayang Ekita , Handayani Nurul Setyawati
Published: January 2024

Salah satu upaya dalam menjaga eksistensi perpustakaan sekolah yakni mengembangkan ide-ide kreatif seiring perkembangan zaman. Maraknya kafe kekinian di Tulungagung menyebabkan siswa ikut tertarik dan memilih kafe sebagai tempat nongkrong atau mengerjakan tugas. Adanya fenomena ini, perpustakaan sekolah SMAN 1 Kedungwaru mempunyai inovasi dalam mengembangkan perpustakaan sekolah dengan mengusung konsep Library Cafe pada desain interior ruang bacanya. Dengan adanya hal ini penulis menganalisis desain interior Library Cafe pada ruang baca perpustakaan serta strategi pustakawan dalam mengembangkannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan melakukan reduksi data, penyajian data, lalu penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa desain interior ruang baca dengan konsep Library Cafe di perpustakaan SMAN 1 Kedungwaru sudah ditata dengan baik. Melihat dari beberapa elemen desain interior yang diteliti yakni tata ruang yang diatur sesuai dengan kebutuhan pemustaka dengan menampilkan berbagai opsi tempat duduk seperti meja dan kursi kafe, sofa, dan karpet untuk lesehan. Pewarnaan pada ruangan ini menampilkan warna wallpaper yang soft serta warna cat dinding krem kecoklatan dapat memberikan kesan hangat. Pencahayaannya diatur dengan baik dengan lampu led yang menambah kesan artistik ruangan serta adanya jendela sehingga cahaya alami dari luar ruangan dapat masuk. Untuk sirkulasi udaranya menggunakan AC sebagai sirkulasi udara buatan dan jendela sebagai sirkulasi udara alami, dan strategi pustakawan untuk mengembangkan ruang tersebut yaitu dengan memperhatikan sarana dan prasarana, fasilitas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai kegiatan perpustakaan, serta keamanan ruangan dilengkapi dengan adanya CCTV.
Pengaruh Variabel dari Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) terhadap Penerimaan Layanan Unggah Mandiri di UPT Perpustakaan ISI Yogyakarta
Authors: Kiasati Almas Inti , Labibah Labibah
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh variabel dari Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) terhadap penerimaan layanan unggah mandiri di UPT Perpustakaan ISI Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan teknik analisis datanya dengan menggunakan analisis statistika deskriptif dan analisis statistika intervensi yaitu dengan analisis korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah alumni ISI yang telah mengikuti wisuda pada periode September 2022, jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu 534 orang, adapun peneliti mengambil sampel 10% dari total populasi yaitu 53 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerimaan teknologi terhadap penggunaan layanan unggah mandiri cukup baik, faktor penerimaan ini ada karena layanan unggah mandiri di UPT Perpustakaan ISI Yogyakarta dinilai mudah dipahami mulai dari fitur dan fasilitasnya. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai 84,2% yang didapatkan untuk variabel kemudahan layanan unggah mandiri.
Persepsi Arsiparis terhadap Implementasi Gerakan Nasional Sadar Tertib Arsip (GNSTA) di Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)
Authors: Hermansyah Dendang , Aulianto Dwi Ridho , Raharja Tiara Desyanti , Firnalia Firnalia
Published: January 2024

Salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan tujuan penyelenggaraan kearsipan di BRIN, yaitu Pencanangan GNSTA melalui peningkatan kesadaran lembaga terhadap aspek kebijakan kearsipan, organisasi kearsipan, sumber daya kearsipan, prasarana dan sarana kearsipan, pengelolaan arsip serta pendanaan kearsipan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi arsiparis terhadap GNSTA yang telah dicanangkan oleh BRIN. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara online terhadap arsiparis di lingkungan BRIN yang dilakukan pada 15 Desember 2022 s.d 11 Januari 2023. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Arsiparis memberikan persepsi positif terhadap 4 (empat) aspek yaitu tertib kebijakan kearsipan, tertib organisasi kearsipan, tertib sumber daya kearsipan, dan tertib pendanaan kearsipan. Namun, terdapat 2 (dua) aspek dengan persepsi negatif, yaitu tertib prasarana sarana kearsipan dan tertib pengelolaan arsip.
Sources of Inspiration in Understanding Missionary Spirituality in the Thought of John Paul II
Authors: Piasecki Piotr
Published: January 2024

The concept of missionary spirituality falls within the mainstream of Christian spirituality. John Paul II understands it in the personalistic and Christological perspective. According to the Pope’s thought, the missionary spirituality is the fruit of the total submission to the Holy Spirit in the missionary’s aim to become permanently conformed to Christ. This attitude results from a deep union with the Holy Trinity in the experience of the Father through Jesus Christ, in the Holy Spirit. Imitating Christ, the preacher of the Gospel, is essential for an authentic missionary spirituality. Following the ideal of missionary spirituality leads to an authentic inculturation, love of the Church, shapes the proper spirit of prayer and missionary asceticism, dynamises apostolic commitment and lays the foundations for a true dialogue, inseparable from the missionary activity.
Dojrzałość i radość życia Heleny Kmieć (1991–2017)
Authors: Suwiński Stanisław
Published: January 2024

Dorosłym staje się człowiek, który osiągnął pełnoletność, czyli tę „magiczną” granicę wieku, na którą czeka wiele osób w wieku dorastania. Jednak bycie dorosłym wcale nie oznacza bycia dojrzałym. Dojrzałość przeżywa się na wielu płaszczyznach - ludzkiej, duchowej czy emocjonalnej - i każda z nich jest ważna. W nurt tak kreślonej dojrzałości wpisuje się kandydatka na ołtarze Helena Kmieć. Prezentowany tekst najpierw będzie dotyczyć niektórych elementów dojrzałości i radości życia w teologicznym ujęciu, aby następnie poszukiwać tych elementów w życiu Heleny. Uwieńczeniem analizy będzie wskazanie na perspektywę przygotowań do beatyfikacji Heleny Kmieć.
Recenzja książki Winfrieda M. Wermtera, Die Ursprünge der Marienweihe in Polen bis zum Beginn des Pontifikates des hl. Johanes Paul II, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2022, ss. 184
Authors: Wojtczak Adam
Published: January 2024

Winfried M. Wermter, niemiecki teolog, który w trakcie pontyfikatu Jana Pawła II przebywał wiele lat w Polsce, charakteryzuje i ocenia polską maryjność doby powojennej. Jego monografia jest przepracowaną i uzupełnioną nowszą literaturą częścią rozprawy doktorskiej, którą napisał w Akademii Teologii Katolickiej w Warszawie pod kierunkiem Lucjana Baltera. Otrzymujemy spojrzenie na naszą pobożność maryjną przez pryzmat ponawianych aż pięciokrotnie aktów poświęcenia Polski, Kościoła i świata Maryi. Wermter przyjmuje, że odgrywały one w niej kluczową rolę i kształtowały jej specyfikę. Decyzją Episkopatu Polski, zwłaszcza kard. Stefana Wyszyńskiego, zostały nie tylko wpisane w duszpasterstwo, lecz także stanowiły jego znamię. Z tego względu autor wybiera drogę „od góry”, koncentruje się na pastoralnym programie polskich biskupów. W jego świetle odkrywa teologiczną głębię aktów poświęcenia się Maryi, ich religijny i społeczny kontekst, zwraca też baczną uwagę na zawarte w nich historyczne doświadczenie Polaków. To skondensowane studium, w miarę obiektywne i udokumentowane, jest przeznaczone głównie dla obcokrajowców, którzy zachwyceni lub nastawieni krytycznie, pragną poznać i pojąć fenomen polskiej maryjności w latach 1946-1979.
New Narrative Definition of the Miracle Story Genre in the Context of the Third Gospel
Authors: Wasiak Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Although the term “Miracle Story” is frequently used in biblical studies, it does not have a single universally accepted definition. Earlier attempts to define this term, especially by Bultmann, the coryphae of the Formgeschichte, are not sufficient. In this article, a new narrative definition will be presented, which takes into account the latest tools that narratology has equipped biblical scholars with. Firstly, the new definition makes it possible to clearly distinguish a Miracle Story from a story in which a miracle occurs. Secondly, the new definition is a tool for analyzing the meaning of the miracle stories. This article is meant to be part of a series analyzing the issue of miracles in the Gospel of Luke.
Teologia maryjnego tytułu „Uzdrowienie chorych”
Authors: Wojtczak Adam
Published: January 2024

Lud chrześcijański przyznał Maryi tytuł „Uzdrowienie chorych”. Pozdrawia i wzywa Ją nim w liturgii (mszał maryjny) i pozaliturgicznych aktach kultu (Litania loretańska), by za Jej przyczyną wyprosić łaskę zdrowia dla siebie bądź bliskich. Rodzą się zatem pytania: dlaczego Maryję nazywamy Uzdrowieniem chorych? Jaki sens teologiczny kryje ten tytuł? Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą udzielenia pogłębionej i integralnej na nie odpowiedzi. Jest to o tyle istotne, że w przeszłości tytuł ten był czasami rozumiany zbyt jednostronnie i pragmatycznie. Należy mu przywrócić mesjański wymiar. Przedłożony artykuł czyni to w dwóch punktach. Pierwszy wskazuje, że nic bardziej wzniosłego nie można powiedzieć o Maryi aniżeli to, że jest Matką Chrystusa, prawdziwego Lekarza ciał i dusz ludzkich, który nie uwolnił ludzkości od choroby i cierpienia, ale wziął je na siebie i nadał im zbawcze znaczenie. Matka włączona w tajemnicę cierpienia Syna wniosła macierzyński wkład w dzieło powszechnego zbawienia, uzdrawiania człowieka. Przez Jej macierzyństwo Bóg okazał nam swoje współczucie. Drugi punkt ukazuje zaś Maryję jako Matkę chorych i cierpiących, która potrafi ich zrozumieć, bo sama wycierpiała niewyobrażalny ból u boku Jezusa. Godne są naśladowania Jej wiara, nadzieja i miłość w przeżywaniu cierpienia, ponieważ nadają mu one zbawcze znaczenie. Od Maryi uczmy się też wrażliwości, współczucia i wyobraźni w niesieniu chorym konkretnej pomocy. Matka wyprasza im zdrowie duszy i ciała macierzyńskim wstawiennictwem u Chrystusa, który jako jedyny ma moc uzdrawiania otwartych ran i przywracania pokoju złamanym sercom. Nie może Ona wypełniać swej uzdrowicielskiej misji, jeśli Jej duchowe dzieci z ufnością i wytrwale o to nie proszą. Należy Jej zawierzać się „w procesie leczenia ran duszy i ciała”. Okazuje się, że pierwszorzędnie tytuł „Uzdrowienie chorych” przysługuje Jezusowi Chrystusowi, do Maryi zaś odnosi się wtórnie. Ponadto jego sensu teologicznego nie można zawężać do sfery życia cielesnego ani roli Maryi ograniczać do macierzyńskiego pośrednictwa.
A Proposition of Integral Protological Narrative: Modern Interpretation of the Fall of Man and the Original Sin
Authors: Witała Maciej
Published: January 2024

The Catholic doctrine of the fall of man and the original sin seems to pose serious difficulties when confronted with the results of empirical sciences concerning the antropogenesis. To answer those issues, the author of this work undertakes an attempt at their contemporary interpretation from the perspective of fundamental theology, basing on the findings of his previous publication, in which he covered the problem of anthropogenesis in the light of Christian faith and empirical discoveries. (M. Witała, A Proposition of Integral Protological Narrative: the Theological Criteria of Humanity and Anthropogenesis according to Empirical Sciences, “Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne” 41 (2022) 1, pp. 71–93). The interpretation of the fall of man and original sin proposed in this work is based on the analysis of biblical data and the review of the doctrinal statements of the Magisterium of the Church during the ages and leads to an integral protological narrative taking into account the research of empirical sciences on anthropogenesis, according to the concept of integration of theology and science.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and its management: In view of oxidative stress
Authors: Bhattacharya Koushik , Dey Rajen , Sen Debanjana , Paul Nimisha , Basak Asim Kumar , Purkait Mohuya Patra , Shukla Nandini , Chaudhuri Gargi Ray , Bhattacharya Aniruddha , Maiti Rajkumar , Adhikary Krishnendu , Chatterjee Prity , Karak Prithviraj , Syamal Alak Kumar
Published: January 2024

In the past two decades, oxidative stress (OS) has drawn a lot of interest due to the revelation that individuals with many persistent disorders including diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), cardiovascular, and other disorders often have aberrant oxidation statuses. OS has a close interplay with PCOS features such as insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and chronic inflammation; there is a belief that OS might contribute to the development of PCOS. PCOS is currently recognized as not only one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders but also a significant contributor to female infertility, affecting a considerable proportion of women globally. Therefore, the understanding of the relationship between OS and PCOS is crucial to the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for PCOS. Moreover, the mechanistic study of intracellular reactive oxygen species/ reactive nitrogen species formation and its possible interaction with women’s reproductive health is required, which includes complex enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Apart from that, our current review includes possible regulation of the pathogenesis of OS. A change in lifestyle, including physical activity, various supplements that boost antioxidant levels, particularly vitamins, and the usage of medicinal herbs, is thought to be the best way to combat this occurrence of OS and improve the pathophysiologic conditions associated with PCOS.
Ensemble of explainable artificial intelligence predictions through discriminate regions: A model to identify COVID-19 from chest X-ray images
Authors: Koyyada Shiva Prasad , Singh Thipendra P.
Published: January 2024

In 2019, lung disease severely affected human health and was later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). Since then, several research methods have been proposed, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and disease identification through chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, to help the healthcare sector. RT-PCR was time-consuming when more patients were present, and a CT scan was costly. Several deep-learning (DL) methods were used to identify diseases using computer-aided tools. Among those convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the state of the art was adopted in the machinery to predict cancer. However, there is a lack of explainability (XAI) in how CNN predicts the disease. In this article, we construct XAI ensembles with Local Interpretation Model Agnostic Explanation(LIME), Grad CAM, and a Saliency map. It provides a visual explanation for a DL prognostic model that predicts COVID-19 respiratory infection in patients. Our quantitative experimental results have shown that ensemble XAI with an accuracy of 98.85%, although individual LIME has scored an accuracy of 99.62% on test data, is more reliable since it is the combination of models.
Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
Authors: Li Hongling , He Yang , Wang Yongying , Xu Mengwei
Published: January 2024

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a heterogeneous, life-threatening disease. A subgroup of HIV-negative and HHV-8-negative MCD is defined as idiopathic MCD (iMCD) with a poor prognosis. Here we report an unusual case of a 47-year-old male patient with iMCD who experienced multiple treatment regimens such as chemotherapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and targeted therapy, all of which were considered ineffective. Subsequently, he was started on bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone for six cycles and he was in complete remission. The patient has survived nearly 13 years to date – the longest survival of any iMCD patient treated with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone. Bortezomib combined with dexamethasone may be an effective salvage strategy for severe and refractory iMCD.
Controlling thermal emission with metasurfaces and its applications
Authors: Chu Qiongqiong , Zhong Fan , Shang Xiaohe , Zhang Ye , Zhu Shining , Liu Hui
Published: January 2024

Thermal emission caused by the thermal motion of the charged particles is commonly broadband, un-polarized, and incoherent, like a melting pot of electromagnetic waves, which makes it unsuitable for infrared applications in many cases requiring specific thermal emission properties. Metasurfaces, characterized by two-dimensional subwavelength artificial nanostructures, have been extensively investigated for their flexibility in tuning optical properties, which provide an ideal platform for shaping thermal emission. Recently, remarkable progress was achieved not only in tuning thermal emission in multiple degrees of freedom, such as wavelength, polarization, radiation angle, coherence, and so on but also in applications of compact and integrated optical devices. Here, we review the recent advances in the regulation of thermal emission through metasurfaces and corresponding infrared applications, such as infrared sensing, radiative cooling, and thermophotovoltaic devices.
Combined Accentuated Eccentric Loading and Rest Redistribution in High-Volume Back Squat: Acute Stimulus and Fatigue
Authors: Chae Sungwon , Long S. Alexander , Lis Ryan P. , McDowell Kurt W. , Wagle John P. , Carroll Kevin M. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Stone Michael H.
Published: January 2024

Chae, S, Long, SA, Lis, RP, McDowell, KW, Wagle, JP, Carroll, KM, Mizuguchi, S, and Stone, MH. Combined accentuated eccentric loading and rest redistribution in high-volume back squat: Acute stimulus and fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 648–655, 2024—The purpose of this study was to examine acute stimulus and fatigue responses to combined accentuated eccentric loading and rest redistribution (AEL + RR). Resistance-trained men (n = 12, 25.6 ± 4.4 years, 1.77 ± 0.06 m, and 81.7 ± 11.4 kg) completed a back squat (BS) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and weight releaser familiarization session. Three BS exercise conditions (sets × repetitions × eccentric-concentric loading) consisted of (a) 3 × (5 × 2) × 110/60% (AEL + RR 5), (b) 3 × (2 × 5) × 110/60% (AEL + RR 2), and (c) 3 × 10 × 60/60% 1RM (traditional sets [TS]). Weight releasers (50% 1RM) were attached to every first repetition of each cluster set (every first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth repetition in AEL + RR 5 and every first and sixth repetition in AEL + RR 2). The AEL + RR 5 resulted in greater total volume load (sets × repetitions × eccentric + concentric loading) (6,630 ± 1,210 kg) when compared with AEL + RR 2 (5,944 ± 1,085 kg) and TS (5,487 ± 1,002 kg). In addition, AEL + RR 5 led to significantly (p < 0.05) greater rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after set 2 and set 3 and lower blood lactate (BL) after set 3 and 5, 15, and 25 minutes postexercise than AEL + RR 2 and TS. There was a main effect of condition for BL between AEL + RR 5 (5.11 ± 2.90 mmol·L−1), AEL + RR 2 (6.23 ± 3.22 mmol·L−1), and TS (6.15 ± 3.17 mmol·L−1). In summary, AEL + RR 5 results in unique stimulus and fatigue responses. Although it may increase perceived exertion, coaches could use AEL + RR 5 to achieve greater back squat total volume load while reducing BL accumulation.
The Surgical Management of NCAA Division 1 College Football Injuries Post COVID-19: A Single Institution Retrospective Review
Authors: Cohen Jacob L. , Cade William H. , Harrah Tanner C. , Costello Joseph P. , Kaplan Lee D.
Published: January 2024

Cohen, JL, Cade, WH, Harrah, TC, Costello II, JP, and Kaplan, LD. The surgical management of NCAA Division 1 college football injuries post COVID-19: A single institution retrospective review. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 906–911, 2024—The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on college football operations, including athletes' training regimens. As a result of these changes, concern for increased injury susceptibility post COVID-19 regulations has become a point of discussion. The current study sought to evaluate the incidence of surgical injury among NCAA Division 1 college football players at the authors' institution during the first full season after start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years. Retrospective chart review was performed for all players who sustained injuries requiring surgery while a member of the NCAA Division 1 football program during the 2009–2021 seasons. A p-value of ≤0.05 was used to determine significance. A total of 23 surgical injuries occurred in 22 players during the 2021 season compared with 121 in 118 players in the 12 previous seasons combined (p = 0.0178; RR = 1.47). There was a significant increase in shoulder injuries (n = 13 vs. n = 31; p = <0.0001; RR = 3.05) and specifically a significant increase in labral tears (n = 10 vs. n = 30; p = 0.0003; RR = 2.74). No difference was seen in knee injuries (n = 10 vs. n = 77; p = 0.27; RR = 1.35) and specifically no difference in anterior cruciate ligament injuries (n = 3 vs. n = 31; p = 0.77; RR = 1.17). This phenomenon is multifactorial in nature, but alterations to players' training and preparations because of the COVID-19 pandemic likely resulted in suboptimal conditioning, leading to the increased incidence of surgical injuries emphasizing the importance of adequate strength training and conditioning.
Determination of the Effective Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polypropylene Parts
Authors: Eryildiz Meltem , Kosa Ergin , Yavuzer Bekir , Akgün İsmail Cem
Published: January 2024

Additive manufacturing is gaining popularity for producing components in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and medicine due to its potential to minimize material waste. Because the strength of the 3-D-printed part is so important, it’s crucial to do research and optimize process parameters to make the printed parts as strong as possible. This work focuses on the experimental investigation and discussion of the tensile and impact strength of parts made from carbon fiber–reinforced polypropylene (PP-CF) using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Various process parameters, including infill pattern, infill density, layer thickness, and build orientation, are examined on three different levels to determine their influence on the tensile and impact strength of the printed part. The outcomes of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis reveal that infill density primarily affects impact strength, whereas layer thickness significantly influences tensile strength. The optimal combination of parameters leading to the maximum tensile and impact strength consists of a grid infill pattern, 60 % infill density, 0.36-mm layer thickness, and a 45° build orientation. Furthermore, fracture surface analysis is consistent with mechanical test results.
Disynaptic Inhibitory Cerebellar Control Over Caudal Medial Accessory Olive
Authors: van Hoogstraten Willem S. , Lute Marit C. C. , Liu Zhiqiang , Broersen Robin , Mangili Luca , Kros Lieke , Gao Zhenyu , Wang Xiaolu , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , De Zeeuw Chris I.
Published: January 2024

The olivocerebellar system, which is critical for sensorimotor performance and learning, functions through modules with feedback loops. The main feedback to the inferior olive comes from the cerebellar nuclei (CN), which are predominantly GABAergic and contralateral. However, for the subnucleus d of the caudomedial accessory olive (cdMAO), a crucial region for oculomotor and upper body movements, the source of GABAergic input has yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a disynaptic inhibitory projection from the medial CN (MCN) to the cdMAO via the superior colliculus (SC) by exploiting retrograde, anterograde, and transsynaptic viral tracing at the light microscopic level as well as anterograde classical and viral tracing combined with immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. Retrograde tracing in Gad2-Cre mice reveals that the cdMAO receives GABAergic input from the contralateral SC. Anterograde transsynaptic tracing uncovered that the SC neurons receiving input from the contralateral MCN provide predominantly inhibitory projections to contralateral cdMAO, ipsilateral to the MCN. Following ultrastructural analysis of the monosynaptic projection about half of the SC terminals within the contralateral cdMAO are GABAergic. The disynaptic GABAergic projection from the MCN to the ipsilateral cdMAO mirrors that of the monosynaptic excitatory projection from the MCN to the contralateral cdMAO. Thus, while completing the map of inhibitory inputs to the olivary subnuclei, we established that the MCN inhibits the cdMAO via the contralateral SC, highlighting a potential push–pull mechanism in directional gaze control that appears unique in terms of laterality and polarity among olivocerebellar modules.
Alleviating hypertension by selectively targeting angiotensin receptor expressing vagal sensory neurons
Authors: Baumer-Harrison Caitlin , Elsaafien Khalid , Johnson Dominique N. , Aponte Jesus D. Peñaloza , de Araujo Alan , Patel Sagar , Bruce Erin , Harden Scott W. , Frazier Charles J. , Scott Karen A. , de Lartigue Guillaume , Krause Eric G. , de Kloet Annette D.
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular homeostasis is maintained, in part, by neural signals arising from arterial baroreceptors that apprise the brain of blood volume and pressure. Here, we test whether neurons within the nodose ganglia that express angiotensin type-1a receptors (referred to as NGAT1aR) serve as baroreceptors that differentially influence blood pressure (BP) in male and female mice. UsingAgtr1a-Cre mice and Cre-dependent AAVs to direct tdTomato to NGAT1aR, neuroanatomical studies revealed that NGAT1aRreceive input from the aortic arch, project to the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and synthesize mechanosensitive ion channels,Piezo-1/-2. To evaluate the functionality of NGAT1aR, we directed the fluorescent calcium indicator (GCaMP6s) or the light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) toAgtr1a-containing neurons. Two-photon intravital imaging inAgtr1a-GCaMP6s mice revealed that NGAT1aRcouple their firing to elevated BP, induced by phenylephrine (i.v.). Furthermore, optical excitation of NGAT1aRat their soma or axon terminals within the caudal NTS ofAgtr1a-ChR2 mice elicited robust frequency-dependent decreases in BP and heart rate, indicating that NGAT1aRare sufficient to elicit appropriate compensatory responses to vascular mechanosensation. Optical excitation also elicited hypotensive and bradycardic responses in ChR2-expressing mice that were subjected to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension; however, the duration of these effects was altered, suggestive of hypertension-induced impairment of the baroreflex. Similarly, increased GCaMP6s fluorescence observed after administration of phenylephrine was delayed in mice subjected to DOCA-salt or chronic delivery of angiotensin-II. Collectively, these results reveal the structure and function of NGAT1aRand suggest that such neurons may be exploited to discern and relieve hypertension.

Significance StatementHypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, the 1stand 5thleading causes of death in the U.S. Half of the adult population is afflicted with hypertension, with many not having their condition under control with current treatment options. Thus, there is a need to discover novel targets and develop new antihypertensive therapeutics. Here, we characterize the structure and function of vagal sensory neurons that express the angiotensin-II type 1a receptor (AT1aR) and provide evidence that these neurons are involved in blood pressure control. The implication is that AT1aR serve as a phenotypic marker for a subset of vagal baroreceptive neurons that may serve as a novel route to understand and alleviate hypertension.
Neural activity in anterior insula at drinking onset and licking relates to compulsion-like alcohol consumption
Authors: Starski Phillip , Morningstar Mitch D. , Katner Simon N. , Frasier Raizel M. , De Oliveira Sergio Thatiane , Wean Sarah , Lapish Christopher C. , Hopf F Woodward
Published: January 2024

Much remains unknown about the etiology of compulsion-like alcohol drinking, where consumption persists despite adverse consequences. The role of anterior insula (AIC) in emotion, motivation, and interoception makes this brain region a likely candidate to drive challenge-resistant behavior, including compulsive drinking. Indeed, subcortical projections from AIC promote compulsion-like intake in rats, and are recruited in heavy-drinking humans during compulsion for alcohol, highlighting the importance of and need for more information about AIC activity patterns that support aversion-resistant responding. Single-unit activity was recorded in AIC from 15 male rats during alcohol-only and compulsion-like consumption. We found three sustained-firing phenotypes, sustained-increase, sustained-decrease, and drinking-onset cells, as well as several firing patterns synchronized with licking. While many AIC neurons had session-long activity changes, only neurons with firing increases at drinking onset had greater activity under compulsion-like conditions. Further, only cells with persistent firing increases maintained activity during pauses in licking, suggesting roles in maintaining drive for alcohol during breaks. AIC firing was not elevated during saccharin drinking, similar to lack of effect of AIC inhibition on sweet fluid intake in many studies. In addition, we observed subsecond changes in AIC neural activity tightly entrained to licking. One lick-synched firing pattern (determined for all licks in a session) predicted compulsion-like drinking, while a separate lick-associated pattern correlated with greater consumption across alcohol intake conditions. Collectively, these data provide a more integrated model for the role of AIC firing in compulsion-like drinking, with important relevance for how AIC promotes sustained motivated responding more generally.

Significance StatementThe anterior insula cortex is known to drive many motivated behaviors, especially those involving challenge and emotion regulation, but insula activity patterns that promote and sustain such behaviors remain incompletely understood. Here we examined insula firing related to compulsion-like alcohol consumption, where intake persists despite adverse consequences. Compulsion can strongly contribute to alcohol problems, and also represents a useful test case for understanding how insula activity could sustain behavior in the face of challenge. Insula cells showed several session-long and lick-synched activity patterns. Compulsion-like drinking exhibited specific firing changes that led to the suggestion that insula helps evaluate the intake condition at drinking onset, then provides session-long plateau and lick-related activity to maintain responding despite challenge.
Das Kartellgericht der Weimarer Republik: eine Institution zwischen Verwaltungsgericht, Zivilgericht und Verwaltungsbehörde und seine Bedeutung für den verwaltungsgerichtlichen Rechtsschutz
Authors:   Universität Regensburg (University of Regensburg, Germany), Reichenthaler Michael Johannes
Published: January 2024

This article deals with the possibilities of obtaining administrative court legal protection at the imperial/national level during the Weimar Republic. Characteristic for this epoch of German administrative jurisdiction is the formation of numerous specialized administrative courts. As an example of this practice, the following article focuses on the Antitrust Court as a typical special administrative court of the Weimar period. However, it begins with the changes in administrative jurisdiction in general that resulted from the new Weimar Constitution, which gave administrative courts constitutional protection for the first time in German legal history. In addition, the paper outlines how this new constitutional framework was received by scholars and had an impact in practice. However, the proclamation of a German Republic after World War I, not only changed the constitution, but also meant that the administration was confronted with completely new challenges. How the German administration responded to this new situation is also briefly outlined in order to provide a better understanding of the importance and scope of the administrative courts' activities at the national level. The article focuses on the antitrust court and in particular on its competences and available remedies. These two parameters of court organization provide information on whether the Antitrust Court was actually an institution committed to legal protection or whether the effectiveness of the administration was the guiding idea that shaped the activity of the Antitrust Court.
Military and Civilian Requisitions in Light of the Rulings of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal from 1923 to 1931
Authors:   Menedżerska Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Warszawie (Management Academy of Applied Sciences in Warsaw, Poland), Konarski Marcin
Published: January 2024

The institution of military and civilian requisitions is inextricably linked with the obligation to comply with public burdens and contributions, and it may be applied both in wartime and in peacetime. In-kind contributions in the form of requisitions by competent State authorities of items necessary to serve an unspecified public purpose, usually to meet the needs of the army, have from time immemorial been among the most onerous burdens to benefit the State. Requisitions – the subject of this analysis – constitute a means of searching for items that are of interest to the army and are a direct form of duty imposed on individuals to make them contribute to the public administration, thus constituting a breach of the principle of the inviolability of private property rights. The main focus of this discussion, however, is not an analysis of the substantive legal aspects concerning requisitions, but an analysis of the body of administrative rulings on these matters. Military requisitions constituted the basis of the system of wartime contributions that gave the State, through authorised bodies, the right to demand these contributions from the population, in particular the right to transfer to the State, in return for payment, ownership or the right to use movable and immovable property, directly or indirectly needed for the purposes of supplying the army and the state upon the outbreak of war or the ordering of a partial or general mobilisation. Some cases that found their way to the Supreme Administrative Tribunal in the first years of its existence resulted from complaints against the activities of military requisitioning bodies, mainly during the Polish-Bolshevik War. Civilian requisitions, on the other hand, became the subject of the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal as a result of complaints over the obligation to provide housing for servicemen and civilian officials in the first years of a reborn Poland, the direct cause of which should be attributed to the dramatic shortage of housing during the first years after the end of the First World War.
Dowód z ksiąg podatkowych w postępowaniu podatkowym – glosa do wyroku Najwyższego Trybunału Administracyjnego z dnia 19 stycznia 1934 r., l. rej. 4663/31
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (University of Bialystok, Poland), Teszner Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

The judicature is replete with examples of administrative court rulings, the significance of which is legally significant. This is because they not only influenced subsequent lawmaking, but also set the direction of jurisprudence for a long time, beginning the formation of a new line of jurisprudence. On the centenary of the establishment of the Supreme Administrative Court (NTA), it is worth recalling one such judgment. On 19 January 1934, a panel of the NTA heard a case on the complaint of Emma Wehr against the decision of the Income Tax Appeal Board at the Bydgoszcz Tax Chamber, which concerned the assessment of income tax for the year 1927. In examining the taxpayer’s complaint, the NTA focused on the faulty conduct of the tax proceedings by the tax authorities, which had completely rejected evidence from the business books. Consequently, as the complete rejection of these books was inadmissible and to the detriment of the applicant, the NTA, on the basis of Article 84(3) of the Decree of the President of the Polish Republic on the Supreme Administrative Court, annulled the contested decision. In the judgment, the Court set out the requirements that a taxpayer’s business books should meet in order to constitute evidence in tax proceedings. The scope of these requirements and the relevance of the NTA’s views to current practice are analysed in this gloss.
Próby restytucji ogólnego sądownictwa administracyjnego w Polsce w latach 1945–1948
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach/Instytut Pamięci Narodowej w Warszawie (University of Silesia in Katowice/Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw, Poland), Graczyk Konrad , Sobotko Paweł ,   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland)
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the work on subsequent draft normative acts aimed at restoring the administrative judiciary in Poland in the first years after the end of World War II. These documents are in the Archives of New Records in Warsaw today. Considerations regarding specific projects were preceded by a description of the legal status and concepts of administrative judiciary considered in Poland in the interwar period. The solutions of that time and the experiences related to their application constituted an important point of reference for both project promoters and opinion makers. The study also addresses the course of the discussion on the issue of the administrative judiciary in Poland shortly after the end of World War II. In its course, in the pages of professional literature, representatives of the doctrine and practice presented various positions regarding the legitimacy of restoring the administrative judiciary, its formula and structure, the participation of the social factor, and the number of instances. Subsequently, draft normative acts from the years 1945–1948 were presented. They include both short projects, consisting of only two articles, as well as extensive projects concerning the location of the administrative judiciary in the Supreme Court. Attention was paid to the course of design works, legal opinions collected in their course, and the shape of the proposed restitution of administrative judiciary. Apart from an analysis of the projects, the authors tried to answer the question why none of the projects, despite the declared support and successive progress in works, entered into force. Analysis of the preserved documents made it possible to create specific and plausible hypotheses about the participant in the design work who sabotaged them. The study uses historical and formal-dogmatic methods.
From the Union of Lublin to the Mutual Guarantee of the Two Nations
Authors:   Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego (Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Poland), Malec Jerzy
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to show changes in the legal and political nature of the alliance between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania over the centuries, from the Union concluded in Lublin in 1569, through the so-called ‘coequatio iuris’ of 1697, until the regulations adopted in the Constitution of May 3, and the “Reciprocal Guarantee of Both Nations” crowning the process and passed at the Four-Year Sejm on October 20, 1791. The study uses a wide range of archival manuscript sources, old prints, parliamentary legislation, and also numerous studies using both old and current literature. The main research goal of the study was to show to what extent the changes in the legal nature of the union of the two countries led to their full unification, which was in the past (and sometimes still is) the interpretation of this process in many studies, and to what extent the federalist character of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was preserved, which is nowadays the dominant view and which the author of this study is a strong supporter of.
Miejsca sakralne w służbie publicznej Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego XVII i XVIII w.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pomorski w Słupsku, (Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Poland), Kanecki Oskar
Published: January 2024

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth struggled with the problem of an insufficient number of facilities for the performance of state tasks, including buildings which could accommodate relatively numerous assemblies of nobility. This study addresses the dual role of the sacraled places sites in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which were often used for public purposes. Reading the universals, the documents of the regional councils (pol. sejmiks) – (especially parliamentary instructions) – and diary sources convinces us that they served, among other things, as places of debates for gatherings of the nobility bodies, schools, hospitals, archives, accommodation where monarchs sometimes stayed, or as places where tax revenues were kept and local officials took oaths. The frequency of this phenomenon is evidenced by the sums of money paid to monks on a cyclical basis, which not only covered the costs of operating the facilities which were made available to the nobility, but also had a compensatory function. Among other things, churches, including sacristies, monastic cells and refectories, chapels, and even cemeteries were used for public purposes (which, at least in some cases, raised doubts among the nobility). Attempts were made to convert the post former Jesuit buildings into court houses, schools and detention centres.
Proces formowania administracji skarbowej w województwie białostockim w okresie międzywojennym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland), Dąbrowski Michał , Obrycki Adam Piotr ,   Izba Administracji Skarbowej w Białymstoku (Tax Administration Chamber in Bialystok, Poland)
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to show the beginnings of the tax administration during the years between the two World Wars, using the Białystok Province as an example. The research work focuses on an analysis of the legislative process designed to create effective and modern tax administration. According to the authors, the process consists of three stages. The first stage, which ended in 1922, was the commencement of the administration and unification of the existing bodies. The second stage, which took place in the 1920s, was defined by the constant reorganization of the legal structures with the aim to fully implement the plans proposed by the authors of the legislative process. The third stage, interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, was characterized by efforts to improve the efficiency of the newly developed tax system. The historical-legal method was used to critically analyse archival sources, such as: Archive fonds 4/53/0 Izba Skarbowa w Białymstoku 1921–1939, Archive fonds 4/56/0 Urząd Skarbowy w Grodnie 1935–1939 and Archive fonds 4/55/0 Urząd Skarbowy w Sokółce 1924–1939 from the archive register of the State Archive in Bialystok. Additionally, the following publications were used for analysis: Dziennik Ustaw, Dziennik Urzędowy Ministerstwa Skarbu, Monitor Polski. In contrast, an analysis of the literature on the subject, and a review of professional journals, such as “Czasopismo Skarbowe”, “Kalendarz Skarbowy” and national and local press, including “Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny”, “Dziennik Białostocki”, “Przegląd Ostrołęcki”, “Głos Ziemi Grodzieńskiej”, “Wspólna Praca”, allowed for understanding of the historical determinants of the creation of the tax administration, one of the most important institutions of the reborn Polish state.
Canadian Optometric Education Trust Fund Part III
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

This is a continuation of our series outlining the practical and urgent needs your Trust Fund is attempting to meet.
Study Shows Injuries Occur Frequently to Soft Lenses in High Water Content
Authors: ACO CAO
Published: January 2024

Study Shows Injuries Occur Frequently to Soft Lenses in High Water Content
Accident Experience of Civilian Pilots with Static Physical Defects
Authors: Dille J Robert , Booze Charles F
Published: January 2024

US study indicates that pilots with certain visual deficiencies had significantly more accidents than were expected on the basis of the observed-to expected ratio.