bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant, Anti-microbial Properties and Chemical Composition of Cumin Essential Oils Extracted by Three Methods
Authors: Fang Lianying , Wang Xiangxing , Guo Limin , Liu Qiang
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activity of cumin essential oils (CEOs) extracted by different techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE), subcritical butane extraction (SBE) and traditional solvent extraction (SE). Our results indicated that CEOs are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, including cumin aldehyde, γ-terpinene and β-pinene. The most abundant components found in CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were similar, while the abundant components in SE, β-Cumic aldehyde (19.31%) and α-phellandrene (9.49%), were distinctive. CEOs obtained by SCE exhibited higher antioxidant activity, followed by those extracted by SE and SBE. Moreover, the anti-microbial properties of CEOs obtained by SCE and SBE were higher than that of CEOs collected by SE. In conclusion, CEOs exhibit strong antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, which suggests a potential role of CEOs in preventing diseases associated with aging and oxidative stress, and our results highlight the potential usage of CEOs in the food industry.
Study of strength properties of semi-finished products from economically alloyed high-strength aluminium-scandium alloys for application in automobile transport and shipbuilding
Authors: Baranov Vladimir , Sidelnikov Sergey , Zenkin Evgeny , Frolov Viktor , Voroshilov Denis , Yakivyuk Olga , Konstantinov Igor , Sokolov Ruslan , Belokonova Irina
Published: April 2018

The results of a study on the strength of rolled products from aluminium alloys doped with scandium under various processing conditions of hot and cold rolling are presented. The regularities of metal flow and the level of strength of deformed semi-finished products from aluminum-scandium alloys are established, depending on the total degree of deformation and the various modes of single reduction during rolling. It is shown that when using one heating of a cast billet to obtain high-quality semi-finished products, the temperature during the rolling process should not be lower than 350-370°, and the total degree of deformation does not exceed 50-60%. It was found that the semi-finished products from alloys with a content of scandium in the range 0.11-0.12% in the deformed state had elevated values of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the metal, which allows them to be recommended for industrial production of sheet metal products.
Room temperature silanization of Fe3O4 for the preparation of phenyl functionalized magnetic adsorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction for the extraction of phthalates in water
Authors: Faraj Benrabha Abdulhadi Muftah , Tay Kheng Soo
Published: April 2018

The preparation of magnetic solid adsorbents for solid phase extraction often involved time-consuming stepwise reaction and high-temperature reaction. In this study, the coating of silica and the functionalization of magnetite were performed in a single step at room temperature. The prepared solid adsorbent was phenyl functionalized magnetic adsorbent (Fe3O4@SiO2-Ph). The Fe3O4@SiO2-Ph was used for the determination of phthalates (butyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di-ethylhexyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate) in water. Under optimized conditions, this developed magnetic solid phase extraction method achieved the pre-concentration factor of 100, low method detection limit (0.62–1.02 μg/l) and limit of quantitation (1.98–3.25 μg/l), wide linear dynamic range (0.5–100 μg/l) with good coefficient of determination (>0.9980) and good repeatability (relative standard deviation <5%) during the extraction of the selected phthalates. The developed method was also successfully applied to analyze drinking water, mineral water and lake water with good extraction efficiency (70%–102%) and a high degree of precision (≤5%).
A Re-examination of the Family Reunification Directive in the post-Lisbon Fundamental Rights Scene
Authors: Milios Georgios
Published: April 2018

The article examines the issue of compatibility of the Family Reunification Directive with the important changes that the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty brought to the field of fundamental rights in the EU especially considering the fact that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU gained the same legal value as the treaties. The article examines all possible scenarios that may derive from Art 52 (3) of the Charter and the problems or issues that each of them may entail for the immigrants’ right to family life in the EU. This examination reveals that certain aspects of the provisions of the Family Reunification Directive are not compatible with Art 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and proposes that the EU should, in any event, provide more extensive protection than the one provided for by the Convention. The article proposes a reunification model which may be more compatible with the post-Lisbon fundamental rights scene.
Interdependency between Sovereignty, Citizenship and the Right to Vote
Authors: Suksi Markku
Published: April 2018

It is fully legitimate and permissible under international human rights law to limit the right to vote to the citizens of the State. The relationship between sovereignty, citizenship and the right to vote is to some extent self-evident and undramatic. However, the triangular relationship between the three concepts is an important background factor summarizing much of what States are and do, and therefore, it is necessary to make visible the self-sustaining nature of the triangle and explicate the three corners of the triangle by means of drafting history of the human rights conventions and case law from international and national court instances as well as by means of examples from national law, in this case drawn from the Nordic space. The point here is that although the various human rights conventions formulate a right to participation through elections, the normative powers exercised in relation to sovereignty, citizenship and the right to vote are held by the national law-maker, and they are not influenced much by international human rights law.
European Consensus: A Conservative and a Dynamic Force in European Human Rights Jurisprudence
Authors: Polgari Eszter
Published: April 2018

The European Court of Human Rights needs to find a balance between upholding diversity (and respecting sovereignty through the margin of appreciation doctrine) on the one hand, and the aspiration to set universal human rights standards, on the other. Responses to these opposing forces are reflected in various doctrines and methods of interpretation, judicial choices that often predetermine the outcome of a case. Through examples taken from the LGBT rights jurisprudence, the article explores how the competing notions of European consensus (a conservative one and a dynamic one) relate to other techniques of interpretation, and how they influence the decision-making of the Court. The article explains that the Court applies the notion of consensus in an arbitrary manner. While the conservative modalities of the consensus argument appear to constrain the Court and allow considerable leeway for domestic authorities, the dynamic notions facilitate the development of European human rights standards, even if it may not be evidenced convincingly by the practices of the member states. The article argues that in its current state, without a foreseeable and disciplined methodology, the consensus inquiry is not capable of building a bridge between the margin of appreciation and the dynamic interpretation.
Expropriation of Adolf Hitler’s Birthplace: Justified under the Special Historic Responsibility of Austria
Authors: Schöndorfer Tamara
Published: April 2018

The building in Braunau am Inn in which Adolf Hitler was born was privately owned until its expropriation at the beginning of 2017. The former owner believed the expropriation to be unconstitutional and filed a complaint before the Austrian Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court denied that there was an infringement either of the Right to a Fair Trial under Art 6 ECHR or the Right to Property under Art 5 StGG and Art 1 1. Protocol to the ECHR and found the Law on Expropriation to be constitutional.
Convenient Method for Enhancing Hydrophobicity and Dispersibility of Starch Nanocrystals by Crosslinking Modification with Citric Acid
Authors: Ren Lili , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Qian , Zhou Jiang , Tong Jin , Chen Donghui , Su Xingguang
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the chemical, wettability, thermal and structural properties of starch nanocrystals (SNCs) modified through crosslinking modification using citric acid in aqueous medium. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis suggested that new interactions occurred between starch and citric acid after modification and an increase of the reaction time increased the degree of substitution. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline structure of SNCs was maintained after the crosslinking modification by adjusting the pH to 3.5, and destroyed after the modification by pretreatments without adjusting the pH of the citric acid solution. Crosslinking modification decreased the size and aggregation of SNCs and longer reaction time gave rise to the smaller particle size of SNCs modified by the pretreatments of adjusting the pH of the citric acid solution. The crosslinked SNCs had lower polarity and showed stronger hydrophobicity and dispersion stability which allowed them be used as reinforcements in hydrophobic polymer matrices.
The Incidence of Agricultural Subsidies on Rental Rates for Grassland
Authors: Hennig Solveigh , Breustedt Gunnar
Published: April 2018

This paper examines the impact of agricultural subsidies on rental rates for grassland. In theory, the capitalization of subsidies into grassland rents has become increasingly important as a result of the decoupling of direct payments from production in 2005. The focus is on the pass-through of both coupled and decoupled direct payments on grassland rentals in Western Germany. The empirical investigation is based upon farm-level data of grassland rental rates from the six farm census surveys carried out between 2001 and 2013. The results of spatial econometric models show that landlords of grassland have benefited strongly from the decoupling of direct payments. For the period prior to the decoupling of direct payments, the estimates point to low capitalisation of the livestock payments into grassland rentals. For the period after decoupling, the estimations reveal a significant pass-through of direct payments to landowners, with the marginal capitalisation increasing over time. At the end of the observation period, after regional standardisation of the payments, the estimates show marginal capitalisation rates of 87–94 cents per additional premium euro, suggesting almost complete capitalisation of the funding into the rental price for grassland.
Public Investment Subsidies and Firm Performance – Evidence from Germany
Authors: Brachert Matthias , Dettmann Eva , Titze Mirko
Published: April 2018

This paper assesses firm-level effects of the single largest investment subsidy programme in Germany. The analysis considers grants allocated to firms in East German regions over the period 2007 to 2013 under the regional policy scheme Joint Task ‘Improving Regional Economic Structures’ (GRW). We apply a coarsened exact matching (CEM) in combination with a fixed effects difference-in-differences (FEDiD) estimator to identify the effects of programme participation on the treated firms. For the assessment, we use administrative data from the Federal Statistical Office and the Offices of the Länder to demonstrate that this administrative database offers a huge potential for evidence-based policy advice. The results suggest that investment subsidies have a positive impact on different dimensions of firm development, but do not affect overall firm competitiveness. We find positive short- and medium-run effects on firm employment. The effects on firm turnover remain significant and positive only in the medium-run. Gross fixed capital formation responses positively to GRW funding only during the mean implementation period of the projects but becomes insignificant afterwards. Finally, the effect of GRW-funding on labour productivity remains insignificant throughout the whole period of analysis.
Improving Image Search through MKFCM Clustering Strategy-Based Re-ranking Measure
Authors: Naveena A.K. , Narayanan N.K.
Published: April 2018

The main intention of this research is to develop a novel ranking measure for content-based image retrieval system. Owing to the achievement of data retrieval, most commercial search engines still utilize a text-based search approach for image search by utilizing encompassing textual information. As the text information is, in some cases, noisy and even inaccessible, the drawback of such a recovery strategy is to the extent that it cannot depict the contents of images precisely, subsequently hampering the execution of image search. In order to improve the performance of image search, we propose in this work a novel algorithm for improving image search through a multi-kernel fuzzy c-means (MKFCM) algorithm. In the initial step of our method, images are retrieved using four-level discrete wavelet transform-based features and the MKFCM clustering algorithm. Next, the retrieved images are analyzed using fuzzy c-means clustering methods, and the rank of the results is adjusted according to the distance of a cluster from a query. To improve the ranking performance, we combine the retrieved result and ranking result. At last, we obtain the ranked retrieved images. In addition, we analyze the effects of different clustering methods. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is analyzed with the help of precision, recall, and F-measures.
Adult height in patients with familial male-limited precocious puberty and the role of an aromatase inhibitor in patient management
Authors: Lane Laura C. , Flowers Josephine , Johnstone Helen , Cheetham Tim
Published: April 2018

Background:

There is little adult height data in patients with familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) and no management consensus. We assessed the treatment and adult height in local patients with FMPP and those reported in the literature.

Methods:

Growth data were obtained on four local patients with FMPP and a search performed to obtain management details and adult height data on cases in the literature. UK (90) population standards were used to calculate standard deviation scores (SDS).

Results:

Adult height data were available on 25 men with FMPP of whom 21 were treated. Median adult height SDS of patients was −1.5 SD with a mid-parental target of −0.6 SD (p=0.1). Eight patients (32%) had an adult height above the mid-parental target and seven patients (28%) had a height >2 SD below the mean. The median height SD was −0.03 in untreated patients and +0.5 SD in those receiving an aromatase inhibitor. There was no relationship between height and age at presentation.

Conclusions:

Aromatase inhibitor therapy is associated with a positive height outcome in FMPP but the outcome with and without intervention is unpredictable. Clinicians need to be cautious when counselling families about the potential height outcome in FMPP.
The use of acoustic detectors for assessing bat species richness and functional activity in a South African National Park
Authors: Parker Daniel M. , Bernard Richard T.F.
Published: April 2018

Insectivorous bats are a difficult group of mammals to survey because they are small, nocturnal, fly and often roost in hard to reach places during the day. However, bats should not be neglected from biodiversity assessments because they play pivotal roles in pest regulation and as biological indicators. We used acoustic detectors to sample bat species richness at three sites within the Mapungubwe National Park (MNP), South Africa during the austral winter and summer of 2013. A minimum of 11 species from six families were recorded, with the clutter-edge foraging bats (Miniopteridae and Vespertilionidae) and open-air foraging bats (Molossidae), dominating. Bat activity was significantly higher in summer compared to winter and this is likely linked to higher prey availability and reduced thermoregulatory costs at this time. Our results represent the first assessment of bat species richness in the MNP and our data compare favourably with historical records for the region. In addition, we provide evidence for the presence of at least one undescribed species. We advocate the use of acoustic detectors for future bat surveys as long as comprehensive reference call library data are available.
The Chinese State and Overseas NGOs: From Regulatory Ambiguity to the Overseas NGO Law
Authors: Shieh Shawn
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the significance of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Administration of Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations in the Mainland of China (hereafter the ONGO Law) for the Chinese state’s regulation of overseas NGOs in the reform period. We show how the ONGO Law represents a dramatic shift in the regulation of ONGOs from a situation of regulatory ambiguity to one where ONGOs now come under a comprehensive law that seeks to regulate all their activities in mainland China. In doing so, the Law has created a dramatic shift in the legitimacy of ONGOs in China. Before the Law was enacted, ONGOs operated in a legal grey area where their work was opaque, received little recognition, and enjoyed limited legitimacy in the eyes of the government and public. The Law will change all of that, making the work of ONGOs more visible and transparent, and providing a formal channel for dealing with the government. At the same time, in putting the implementation and enforcement of the Law in the hands of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS), and creating a legal framework that is restrictive rather than enabling, the Chinese state has sent a very different and contradictory message to ONGOs who see themselves being viewed more as objects of suspicion than as legitimate stakeholders in China’s development.
Solvent extraction separation of zirconium and hafnium from nitric acid solutions using mixture of Cyanex-272 and TBP
Authors: Yadollahi Ali , Saberyan Kamal , Torab-Mostaedi Meisam , Charkhi Amir , Pourjavid Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2018

A solvent extraction method has been employed to extract and separate zirconium and hafnium from the nitric acid medium using Cyanex-272 and its mixture with TBP in kerosene. The effects of the experimental parameters such as contact time between phases, aging time, nitric acid concentration, Cyanex-272 and TBP concentration on the metals separation, and various stripping agents on the metals back extraction from the loaded organic phase have been investigated. The maximum separation factor of 16 was obtained in the single extraction system with 1% (v/v) Cyanex-272 from 2.5 M HNO3solution. The combination of Cyanex-272 with TBP exhibited a significant synergistic effect for Zr extraction and the antagonistic effect for Hf extraction. The proposed novel synergistic mixture consisting of 0.5% (v/v) Cyanex-272 and 20% (v/v) TBP in kerosene offered the maximum separation factor of 99.7 from 2.5 M HNO3solution. By applying a slope method, the extracted zirconium species were proposed to be ZrO(NO3)2·2Cyanex272·2TBP in the organic phase. Among the investigated stripping agents, 4 M H2SO4solution showed the best efficiency for the stripping of zirconium and hafnium from the loaded mixture of Cyanex-272 and TBP with separation factor of 10.1.
Formulations, development and characterization techniques of investment casting patterns
Authors: Tewo Robert K. , Rutto Hilary L. , Focke Walter , Seodigeng Tumisang , Koech Lawrence K.
Published: April 2018

Conventionally, unfilled wax has been used as a universal pattern material for the investment casting process. With increase in demand for accurate dimensions and complex shapes, various materials have been blended with wax to develop more suitable patterns for investment casting in order to overcome performance limitations exhibited by unfilled wax. The present article initially reviews various investigations on the development of investment casting patterns by exploring pattern materials, type of waxes and their limitations, the effect of filler materials and various additives on unfilled wax, wax blends for pattern materials, plastics and polymers for pattern materials and 3D-printed patterns. The superiority of filled and polymer patterns in terms of dimensional accuracy, pattern strength, surface and flow properties over unfilled wax is also discussed. The present use of 3D patterns following their versatility in the manufacturing sector to revolutionize the investment casting process is also emphasized. Various studies on wax characterization such as physical (surface and dimensions), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical (thermomechanical analysis, tensile stress testing, dynamic mechanical analysis) and rheological (viscosity and shearing properties) are also discussed.
Parameter estimation using relay feedback
Authors: Dharmalingam Kalpana , Thangavelu Thyagarajan
Published: April 2018

In process industries, closed-loop step and closed-loop relay feedback tests are popularly used for estimating model parameters. In this paper, different methods available in the literature for parameter estimation using conventional techniques and techniques based on relay feedback test are surveyed by reviewing around 152 research articles published during the past three decades. Through a comprehensive survey of available literature, the parameter estimation methods are classified into two broad groups, namely conventional techniques and relay-based parametric estimation techniques. These relay-based techniques are further classified into two subgroups, namely single-input-single-output (SISO) systems and multi-input-multi-output systems (both square and nonsquare), and are revealed in a lucid manner with the help of benchmark examples and case studies. For the above categorized methods, the procedural steps involved in relay-based parametric estimation methods are also presented. To facilitate the readers, comparison tables are included to comprehend the results of different parametric estimation techniques available in the literature. The incorporation of quantitative and qualitative analysis of papers published in various journals in the above area with the help of pie charts and graphs would enable the readers to grasp the overview of the research activity being carried out in the relay feedback domain. At the end, the challenging issues in relay-based parametric estimation methods and the directions for future investigations that can be explored are also highlighted.
A critical review on the development and performance of polymer/graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Weimin Hu , Li Dejiang , Chen Shaona , Dai Zhongxu
Published: April 2018

Graphene (graphene) is a new type of two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterial developed in recent years. It can be used as an ideal inorganic nanofiller for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites because of its high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity and plentiful availability (from graphite). In this review, the preparation methods of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including solution blending, melt blending and in situ polymerization, are introduced in order to study the relationship between these methods and the final characteristics and properties. Each method has an influence on the final characteristics and properties of the nanocomposites. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. In addition, a variety of nanocomposites with different properties, such as mechanical properties, electronic conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal properties, are summarized comprehensively. The potential applications of these nanocomposites in conductive materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, photocatalytic materials and so on, are briefly presented. This review demonstrates that polymer/graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior comprehensive performance and will be applied in the fields of new materials and novel devices. Future research directions of the nanocomposites are also presented.
Implantable multi-sensor system for hemodynamic controlling
Authors: Weidenmüller Jens , Dogan Oezgue , Stanitzki Alexander , Baum Mario , Schröder Tim , Wünsch Dirk , Görtz Michael , Grabmaier Anton
Published: April 2018

A miniaturized implantable multi-sensor system for cardiovascular monitoring of physiological parameters is presented. High accuracy pressure measurements within the vessel can be performed by a capacitive pressure sensor. Additional information about the patient, e. g., sudden movement, inclination or increased temperature can be obtained by additional sensor components such as an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor unit. This information facilitates compensation of interferences for more accurate pressure measurements. A multi-functional ASIC enables, amongst others, sensor signal processing, power management and telemetric communication with extracorporeal electronics. Sensor chips, the multi-functional ASIC and passive components are assembled on a LTCC circuit board in which an antenna coil is integrated for telemetric energy and data transmission at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. In order to support further miniaturization, the implant shall be encapsulated with a stack of very thin and hermetic ceramics applied by ALD instead of using bulky metal housings. Further encapsulation with polymers, which can be functionalised with appropriate biomolecules, is necessary for a proper shape, a biocompatible interface to the surrounding tissue and, thereby, reduction of thrombogenicity.
Theory and application of a novel co-resonant cantilever sensor
Authors: Körner Julia , Reiche Christopher F. , Büchner Bernd , Mühl Thomas
Published: April 2018

Dynamic cantilever sensors have many applications, for example in material’s research, biology, as gas and magnetic field sensors. The sensing principle is based on the effect that a force gradient or mass change applied to the cantilever alter its oscillatory state which can be related to the parameter of interest. In order to detect very small interactions, the cantilever needs to have a low stiffness which is commonly achieved by a reduction of the beam’s dimensions, especially its thickness. However, this is limited by the commonly employed laser-based detection of the cantilever’s oscillatory state.

In this paper, we describe a novel co-resonant cantilever sensor concept which is based on the coupling and eigenfrequency matching of a micro- and a nanocantilever. This approach allows to access a large fraction of the nanocantilever’s high sensitivity while ensuring a reliable oscillation detection with standard laser-based methods at the microcantilever. Experiments in cantilever magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy demonstrate the immense potential of the sensor concept. Furthermore, applications are not limited to material’s research, instead this concept creates a cantilever sensor platform with many potential applications, for example as gas, mass or pressure sensors.
The ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract in the human brain
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kwon Hyeok Gyu
Published: April 2018

Although there are a few studies of portions of the vestibular system such as the vestibulocerebellar tract and the neural connectivity of the vestibular nuclei (VN), no study of the ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract (VTT) (originating from the VN and mainly connecting to the lateral thalami nuclei) has been reported. In the current study, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we investigate the reconstruction method and characteristics of the ipsilateral VTT in normal subjects. Thirty-three subjects were recruited for this study. For the ipsilateral VTT, the seed region of interest (ROI) was placed on the VN, which was isolated on the FA map using adjacent structures as follows: the reticular formation (anterior boundary), posterior margin of medulla and pons (posterior boundary), medial lemniscus (medial boundary) and restiform body (lateral boundary). The target ROI was placed at the lateral thalamic nuclei using known anatomical locations. The DTT parameters of the ipsilateral VTT were measured. The ipsilateral VTTs that originated from the vestibular nuclei ascended postero-laterally to the upper pons and antero-medially to the upper midbrain via the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and terminated the lateral thalamic nuclei. No significant differences were observed in DTT parameters of the ipsilateral VTT between the right and left hemispheres (p > 0.05). Using DTT, we reconstructed the ipsilateral VTT and observed the anatomical characteristics of the ipsilateral VTT in normal subjects. We believe that the methodology and results in this study could be helpful to researchers and clinicians in this field.
Assessment of genetic diversity in ragi [Eleusine coracana(L.) Gaertn] using morphological, RAPD and SSR markers
Authors: Prabhu Kalapad Santosh , Das Anath Bandhu , Dikshit Nilamani
Published: April 2018

Finger millet (Eleusine coracanaL. Gaertn., 2n=36) is one of the most important minor crops, commonly known as ‘ragi’ and used as a staple food grain in more than 25 countries including Africa and south Asia. Twenty-seven accessions of ragi were collected from different parts of India and were evaluated for morpho-genetic diversity studies. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for assessment of genetic diversity among 27 genotypes ofE. coracana. High degree of similarity (90%) was obtained between ‘IC49979A’ and ‘IC49974B’ genotypes, whereas low level of similarity (9.09%) was found between ‘IC204141’ and ‘IC49985’ as evident in morphological and DNA markers. A total of 64 SSR and 301 RAPD amplicons were produced, out of which 87.50% and 77.20% DNA fragments showed polymorphism, respectively. The clustering pattern obtained among the genotypes corresponded well with their morphological and cytological data with a monophyletic origin of this species which was further supported by high bootstrap values and principal component analysis. Cluster analysis showed that ragi accessions were categorised into three distinct groups. Genotypes IC344761, IC340116, IC340127, IC49965 and IC49985 found accession specific in RAPD and SSR markers. The variation among ragi accessions might be used as potential source of germplasm for crop improvement.
Single Particle Spectroscopy of Radiative Processes in Colloid-to-Film-Coupled Nanoantennas
Authors: Schnepf Max J. , Brasse Yannic , Goßler Fabian R. , Steiner Anja Maria , Obermeier Julian , Lippitz Markus , Fery Andreas , König Tobias A.F.
Published: April 2018

We present a fluorescent emitter (rhodamine B) coupled to a dielectric or metallic interface as well as a metallic cavity to study their radiative decay processes. Supported by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we correlate the non-radiative and radiative decay rates with the absorption and scattering cross section efficiencies, respectively. On a single particle level, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scattering spectroscopy, fluorescence life time imaging (FLIM) and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) to evaluate the enhanced fluorescence decay at the same location. With this study, we show a colloidal gain material, which can be integrated into lattices using existing directed self-assembled methods to study their coherent energy transfer.
The Fontan Circulation: Contemporary Review of Ongoing Challenges and Management Strategies
Authors: Kheiwa Ahmed , Agarwal Anushree , John Anitha
Published: April 2018

Since its original description, the Fontan operation has been widely used for the palliation of children with single ventricle physiology and has resulted in an increasing number of these patients surviving to adulthood. The Fontan operation is a unique approach to create a circulation in series without two distinct pumping chambers. Although the Fontan operation increased the survival rates of patients with single ventricle physiology, it carries an inevitable risk of long-term morbidities that impacts the outcomes and quality of life in these patients. In this review, we discuss the challenges resulting from the unique pathophysiology of Fontan circulation and propose management strategies.
Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)
Authors: Klöhn Lars , Parhofer Nicolas , Resas Daniel
Published: April 2018

Kein Thema wird derzeit im Kapitalmarktrecht so leidenschaftlich diskutiert wie das der Initial Coin Offerings (auch: Token Sales). Es geht um zwei Grundfragen: Unterfallen diese Transaktionen dem geltenden Kapitalmarktrecht, und sollten sie spezifisch reguliert werden? Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, die erste Frage zu beantworten und Grundlagen für die Diskussion über die zweite Frage zu legen. Dabei erläutert er den ökonomischen Hintergrund ICO-finanzierter Projekte, analysiert deren Potenzial sowie die Gefahren für Anleger und beleuchtet rechtsvergleichend sowohl die Regulierung und Aufsicht in den USA als auch die Behördenpraxis in der Schweiz.
Anschlussfinanzierungen und Umschuldungen in der Kreditwürdigkeitsprüfung
Authors: Schultheiß Tilman
Published: April 2018

Der Gesetzgeber hat bereits ein Jahr nach Inkrafttreten des Umsetzungsgesetzes zur Wohnimmobilienkreditrichtlinie durch zwei Gesetzesnovellen nachgebessert und versucht, die in der Branche entstandenen Unsicherheiten zu beseitigen. Durch die Regelung in § 505a Abs. 3 BGB bzw. § 18a Abs. 2a KWG sind bestimmte Konstellationen im Bestandsgeschäft von der Kreditwürdigkeitsprüfung befreit. Diese Privilegierung ist zu begrüßen, bringt aber einige neue Fragestellungen mit sich. Einzelheiten dazu soll sich der folgende Beitrag widmen.
Das Handelsverbot für Führungskräfte nach Art. 19 Abs. 11 MMVO – ausgewählte Anwendungsprobleme und rechtspolitische Bewertung
Authors: Commandeur Marcus
Published: April 2018

Mit Inkrafttreten der Marktmissbrauchsverordnung (MMVO) hat kein Regelungskomplex des Marktmissbrauchsrechts umfangreichere Änderungen erfahren als die Eigengeschäfte von Führungskräften. Ausdruck dieser Entwicklung ist die mit Art. 19 Abs. 11 MMVO erfolgte Einführung eines Handelsverbots für die als „Directors’ Dealings“ bekannten Geschäfte in sensiblen Zeitperioden vor der Veröffentlichung von Finanzberichten. Eine derartige Regelung war bis dato nur aus Großbritannien bekannt und ist im unionsrechtlich determinierten Marktmissbrauchsrecht gänzlich unerprobt. Mit der Neuregelung erleben die „Directors’ Dealings“ eine Verschiebung des regulatorischen Fokus fort von der Transparenzsteigerung hin zu einer primär der Missbrauchsprävention dienenden Vorschrift. Damit wird ein Paradigmenwechsel eingeläutet. Darüber hinaus bringt das Handelsverbot eine Vielzahl weitgehend ungeklärter Anwendungsprobleme mit sich, deren Lösung den praktischen Umgang mit Art. 19 Abs. 11 MMVO maßgeblich prägen wird.
Zur Reformbedürftigkeit des § 44 WpHG – ex-lege-Rechtsverlust oder Anordnungsbefugnis der BaFin?
Authors: Gegler Felix
Published: April 2018

Der Finanzausschuss des Deutschen Bundestags hat im Zuge seiner Beschlussempfehlung zum Regierungsentwurf des Transparenzrichtlinie-Änderungsrichtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetzes die Bundesregierung gebeten, bis zum Ende des Jahres 2017 u. a. über die Erfahrungen mit der Regelung zum Rechtsverlust gem. § 44 WpHG zu berichten (vgl. Beschlussempfehlung und Bericht vom 30. 9. 2015, BT-Drucks. 18/6220, S. 79). Dies gab Anlass zu einer Evaluation durch die Bundesregierung, in deren Rahmen sie betroffene Marktteilnehmer um eine Bewertung der Vorschrift ersuchte. Besonderes Interesse galt dabei der grundsätzlichen Frage, ob der Rechtsverlust von der bestehenden Wirkung ex lege hin zu einer Anordnungsbefugnis der BaFin modifiziert werden sollte. Die dogmatische Ausgestaltung war bereits während des Gesetzgebungsverfahrens zum Transparenzrichtlinie-Änderungsrichtlinie-Umsetzungsgesetz umstritten und auch die nunmehrigen Stellungnahmen zeugen von einem geteilten Meinungsbild. Der nachfolgende Beitrag greift die bestehende Kontroverse auf und bewertet das Konzept einer behördlichen Anordnungsbefugnis.
Morphological features of development of Strongyloides westeri (Nematoda, Rhabditida) in vitro
Authors: Gugosyan Y. A. , Yevstafyeva V. A. , Gorb О. А. , Melnychuk V. V. , Yasnolob I. О. , Shendryk C. M. , Pishchalenko M. А.
Published: April 2018

Strongyloides westeri (Ihle, 1917), a parasitic horse nematode, has an unusual lifecycle, which allows it to exist for a long time in the environment. Morphometric features of eggs, larvae and free-living S. westeri were studied in vitro under different temperature regimes. The optimal temperature for their embryonic development is 25 °С, under which 90% of the first stage rhabditiform larvae are formed and released within 7 hours of cultivation. The temperatures of 20 and 30 °С are less favorable for their development. Embryonic development of Strongyloides has four stages that differ in morphology and size. The eggs of a parthenogenetic female are 3.7% longer and 19.6% wider than eggs isolated from free-living females of S. westeri. In embryogenesis, the eggs shorten by 4.4 μm (6.5%) and widen by 5.35 μm (8.3%). New data were obtained on postembryonic development of S. westeri. The differential morphometric features of stage 1 and 2 rhabditiform larvae which grow both in length and width (33.7% and 30.4% respectively) are established. The development of filariform larvae is associated with loss of bulbous thickening and formation of cylindrical oesophagus. Simultaneously, the body elongates, and the gut becomes shorter. Differential morphometric features of free-living males and females of S. westeri are the length and width of body, length of oesophagus, gut, tail end, and size of spicules. Postembryonic development of the free-living and parasitic generations from rhabditiform larvae is temperature-dependent. Most of the free-living generations of Strongyloides (54.0%) are formed at 20 °С, and filariform larvae mostly (70.0%) develop at 30 °С. The obtained results of morphological studies improve differential diagnostics of the nematode at various stages of development and further advance the study of its intraspecific variability.
Clostridium perfringens in foods and fish
Authors: Cortés-Sánchez A. D. J.
Published: April 2018

Foodborne diseases are considered an important public health problem at a global level due to their levels of incidence and mortality as well as their negative consequences in economic and social aspects. Foodborne diseases are defined as those that are generated by the ingestion of food and water contaminated by chemical or biological agents commonly affecting health at the level of the gastrointestinal system. Among the risks and dangers to health from food are the diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens, a common bacterium which inhabits water, soil, vegetables, fish, the gastrointestinal system of human and animals and of course foods. The importance of this bacterium in health and food lies both in its cosmopolitan distribution, ability to generate heat-resistant spores and food poisoning, which makes control and prevention actions indispensable along the food chain. This article presents a general description of foodborne diseases, including those caused by consumption of food, such as fish, derived from contamination by C. perfringens; likewise, the actions and recommendations undertaken around the world for the prevention and control of these diseases are shown, including aspects related to the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon and its impact on public health.
New data on some Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from Iran
Authors: Abdolahi R. , Nedvěd O. , Nozari J.
Published: April 2018

A species of ladybird beetles: Coccinella leonina transversalis Fabricius, is newly recorded from Iran. Identification keys to Iranian species of the genera Coccinella Linnaeus,, 1758, Pharoscymnus Bedel, 1906, subgenus Scymnus s.str. Kugelann, 1794 and redescription of Pharoscymnus horni (J. Weise, 1901) are given.
The mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) – A new invasive soft scale in Egypt
Authors: Abd-Rabou S. , Evans G. A.
Published: April 2018

The mango shield scale, Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a serious pest of mango trees in various parts of the world, is reported on Mangifera indica in Egypt which represents the first record of this species in the country.
Supplementary description of Aculus scutellariae (Canestrini et Massalongo, 1895) (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Hungary
Authors: Ripka G.
Published: April 2018

Female of Aculus scutellariae (Canestrini et Massalongo, 1895) is redescribed, male and nymph are described and illustrated. It was collected from Scutellaria hastifolia L. (Fam. Lamiaceae) in Hungary.
Prevalência de pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas e associação com a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes
Authors: Claumann Gaia Salvador , Pinto André de Araújo , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Pelegrini Andreia
Published: April 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas e a associação com a insatisfação corporal em adolescentes. Métodos Participaram 1.090 adolescentes (501 do sexo masculino e 589 do sexo feminino), com média de 16,2 (1,1) anos de idade, estudantes do ensino médio em São José-SC. Por meio de questionário autoadministrado, os adolescentes responderam a questões sociodemográficas (sexo, idade) e sobre maturação sexual, insatisfação corporal (escala de silhuetas) e pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas (ideação, planejamento e tentativa de suicídio), e tiveram as medidas de peso corporal e altura aferidas para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC = peso corporal dividido pela altura ao quadrado). Empregou-se a regressão logística binária para análise dos dados. Resultados O sexo feminino apresentou maiores prevalências de pensamento, planejamento e tentativa de suicídio comparado ao masculino. Os adolescentes insatisfeitos pelo excesso de peso e pela magreza apresentaram maior chance de terem pensado e planejado suicídio. Não foram encontradas associações entre tentativa de suicídio e insatisfação corporal. Conclusões O sexo feminino apresentou maiores prevalências de pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas do que o masculino. Independentemente do sexo, idade, IMC e maturação sexual, os adolescentes insatisfeitos com o corpo (pelo excesso de peso e pela magreza) estiveram mais suscetíveis à ideação suicida e ao planejamento de suicídio, comparados aos satisfeitos. Por serem adolescentes em idade escolar, a escola pode ser um agente de discussão sobre a temática, auxiliando na prevenção da insatisfação corporal e desfechos suicidas. Outros profissionais envolvidos com essa população e os familiares precisam estar atentos a essas questões.
Violência sexual na infância associa-se a qualidade de vida inferior em universitários
Authors: Matos Karla Julianne Negreiros de , Pinto Francisco José Maia , Stelko-Pereira Ana Carina
Published: April 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a existência de possível associação entre a exposição ao abuso sexual na infância e qualidade de vida inferior em universitários. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa 935 estudantes universitários que responderam ao questionário de prevalência de abuso sexual infantil e ao questionário abreviado de avaliação de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-bref), bem como a questões sociodemográficas e sobre histórico de doenças clínicas. Utilizou-se o teste de associação do qui-quadrado e análise de regressão logística, tendo-se como desfecho a variável binária qualidade de vida (inferior; superior). No modelo final de regressão, aplicou-se o teste de sensibilidade para identificar o acerto entre os casos observados com qualidade de vida superior e o teste de especificidade aplicado aos casos observados com qualidade de vida inferior, bem como avaliou-se a eficiência global do modelo para um cutoff de 0,5. Resultados A maioria dos participantes era: mulher (55,6%, 520), parda (52,3%, 489), solteira (58,4%, 546). A idade média foi de 21 anos (SD = ± 5) e a renda familiar média, de R$ 3.875,00 (SD = ± 4.690,00). A partir da regressão logística, observou-se que aumentaram a associação com qualidade de vida inferior: necessidade de acompanhamento psicológico, estar solteiro, sofrer violência sexual na infância, não ser de raça branca, praticar atividade física três vezes ou mais na semana, nascer no interior e praticar religião. Conclusão O estudo evidenciou que o abuso sexual infantil, mesmo transcorrido há muitos anos, associa-se negativamente à qualidade de vida de adultos.
Ortorexia nervosa em estudantes de nutrição: associações com o estado nutricional, satisfação corporal e período cursado
Authors: Penaforte Fernanda R. O. , Barroso Sabrina M. , Araújo Maria Eduarda , Japur Camila C.
Published: April 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de comportamentos com tendência a ortorexia nervosa (ON) e suas associações com o estado nutricional, satisfação corporal e período cursado em estudantes de nutrição. Métodos Participaram do estudo 141 estudantes (com idade média de 21,5 ± 3,5 anos). A tendência à ON foi avaliada por meio do questionário para identificação da ON (ORTO-15) e a satisfação corporal, pelo Body Shape Questionnaire. A classificação do estado nutricional foi feita pelo IMC (kg.m-2). Associações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultados Comportamentos alimentares com tendência a ON foram identificados em 87,2% dos estudantes. Os estudantes com ON apresentaram mais insatisfação corporal (χ2 = 7,48; p = 0,005) e excesso de peso (χ2 = 6,56; p = 0,010). Não foi observada associação entre a ON e o período cursado. Conclusão Os resultados demonstram que os estudantes de nutrição parecem ser uma população especialmente em risco para tendência à ON, independentemente do período cursado. A maior frequência de estudantes com ON e excesso de peso e insatisfação corporal pode sugerir que tais condições, que comumente cursam com preocupações com alimentação saudável, podem facilitar o início do desenvolvimento de comportamentos alimentares associados a ON.
Internet addiction and its correlation with behavioral problems and functional impairments – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Machado Mayara de Rezende , Bruck Isac , Antoniuk Sérgio Antonio , Cat Mônica Nunes Lima , Soares Maurício César , Silva Alcir Francisco da
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the prevalence of internet addiction (IA) among adolescents, as well as characterize behaviors that are considered to be a risk in this population regarding the use and addiction of the Internet. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted in one public and one private school 91 adolescents, aged 12 to 16 years old, responded the Internet Addiction Test – Brazilian version (IAT) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results The prevalence of internet addiction found was 21%, with no difference between private and public schools. On the group dependent on the Internet, there was a statistically significant correlation with Anxiety/Depression, Withdrawn/Depression, Rule Breaking Behavior and Aggressive Behavior, as well as the syndrome scales Social Problems, Thought Problems and Attention Problems. Conclusion Our study provides evidence of a relationship between internet addiction and behavioral problems among adolescents. As this is a cross-sectional study, we consider that future research is necessary to corroborate our results.