bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARDİYOPULMONER BYPASS İLE AÇIK KALP CERRAHİSİ UYGULANAN HASTALARDA HİPOTERMİ ve NORMOTERMİNİN; HEMOGLOBİN ve SEREBRAL NIRS ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: DAŞDEMİR Esra , AKSU Timuçin , TÜRKOĞLU Halil
Published: September 2022

Açık kalp cerrahisi uygulamalarında dokularda oluşabilecek oksijenasyon sorunları postoperatif dönemde morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olabilir. Doku oksijenlenmesi NIRS (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) cihazıyla takip edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda kardiyovasküler cerrahinin standart takibi içinde olan hemoglobin değeri NIRS ile birlikte operasyon sırasında anlamlı öngörüler sağlayabilir. Çalışmamızda; kardiyopulmoner bypass (KPB) ile açık kalp cerrahisi uygulanan hastalarda normotermik ve hipotermik bypass yöntemlerinin hemoglobin ve serebral NIRS üzerine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Açık kalp cerrahisi uygulanan 40 erişkin koroner arter hastası çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hipotermi uygulanan 20 hasta (Grup1) ve normotermi uygulanan 20 hasta (Grup2) olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar için kan gazı örneği ve serebral NIRS takibi pompa öncesi, intraoperatif P1 (KPB giriş), intraoperatif P2 (kross klemp), intraoperatif P3 (kross klemp sonrası), pompa sonrası 24. saatte olmak üzere incelenmiştir. Elde ettiğimiz veriler doğrultusunda KPB’ da uygulanan hipotermi ve normoterminin değişkenler üzerinde farklı etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Training Faculty for Better Online Teaching – Need & Issues
Authors:   ., . Pai , . Chiplunkar
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Online teaching and learning is a necessity rather than a choice in all forms of education today. Faculty are one of the important element in this online teaching / learning process. There are several issues pertaining to faculty and one important issue is the training of the faculty and their orientation towards online teaching. There are several platforms, services and MOOCs available, which provide training to faculty regarding different aspects related to teaching better online. This paper explores the need for training the faculty to do better online teaching. The author has conducted a 4-hour short course on “online learning – theory and practice” for 23 faculty in his institution. Feedback collected from the faculty through a questionnaire survey support the need for such training by emphasizing the need to understand both theoretical and practical aspects, but expect freedom in selection of the platform to be used, consider student satisfaction and delivery as more important, support online assessment and consider regular student feedback important for online teaching. The findings of this study have some implications for development and implementation of training and support programs to help faculty to teach online. Keywords: online teaching, pandemic, faculty training, feedback
Opening Students' Creativity and Innovation through CAD Learning in Collaboration with Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Negeri YogyakartaYogyakarta, Indonesia, Setiadi Bayu Rahmat , . Sugiyono ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Negeri YogyakartaYogyakarta, Indonesia, Sukardi Thomas ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Universitas Negeri YogyakartaYogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: September 2022

Abstract : Currently, student product design work is based on product design examples that the lecturer has determined. This can provide the scope of creativity and innovation of student product designs to be limited to old textbook-based designs and not real problems in the world of work. The research method uses an experiment with a One-Group Double Posttest-Only Design. Respondents are students who take CAD courses. The research scenario was the first week without treatment and the second until the fifth week of treatment with the CAD learning method in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). There are three SMEs as the research location. The research was divided into eight student groups. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics to represent the qualities of creativity and innovation. Combined and partial difference tests were carried out by analyzing variance from the experiment’s class. Learning CAD in SMEs requires preparation in planning, implementation, and evaluation. Conservatively, there is an increase in studentcreativity and innovation from time to time when they are in SMEs. Students give a good impression of improving their CAD skills with growing confidence and solving industrial product design problems. In addition, the inferential results show differences in student creativity and innovation from time-to-time experiments. Keywords: creativity, innovation, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, CAD learning, design product
Study of the Works by Valery Pereleshin in China
Authors:   Perm State University, Yuanyuan Zhang
Published: September 2022

The article describes the history of research on the works by poet Valery Pereleshin in Chinese literary studies in the 2000s-2010s. Chinese literary critics Li Meng, Wang Yamin, Li Rennian, Li Yanling, Gu Yu, Wang Jianzhao, Rong Jie, Su Xiaotang, Zhao Ting, etc. studied his work in the context of Russian diaspora literature in interaction with the traditions of the Russian Silver Age and classical Chinese literature, paying special attention to the images and motifs associated with China. It is concluded that in the first two decades of the 21st century, Chinese scientists studied the works by Pereleshin in four directions: 1) collecting and publishing the poet's works and archives; 2) studying the poetics of his works (in particular, the principles of creating the image of China); 3) describing his work in the context of Chinese culture, Russian literature traditions of the ‘golden’ and ‘silver’ ages; 4) analyzing the principles of poetic translation implemented by him. As Chinese researchers show, Pereleshin's works combined the traditions of acmeism and symbolism associated with the names of Alexander Blok, Nikolay Gumilyov, and Osip Mandelstam, which organically combined with techniques characteristic of Chinese classical poetry. Of great importance for the understanding of the specific features of Harbin literary life were the concepts ‘Harbin critical realism’ and ‘Harbin silver age’, introduced by Professor Li Yanling, which contributed to the development of the ideas about the ‘island’ (‘enclave’) type of Russian culture’s development in China. The article indicates the limited range of problems raised in modern literary research and suggests areas for further research: analysis of religious and philosophical motifs in Pereleshin's works, description of contradictions and paradoxes in his worldview, study of the impact that Chinese and Russian poetic traditions had on his works, which would make it possible to understand the innovative nature of the artistic forms used by him, as well as to draw conclusions about the general principles of intercultural interaction.
Tower in the Symbolism of Valery Bryusov's Poetry
Authors:   Perm State University, Abashev Vladimir V.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the semantics and functional significance of the image of a tower in the symbolism of Valery Bryusov's poetry. A group of poems from the late 1890s – early 1920s was selected, where the existential idea of one's life path as climbing a tower is thematized. Connected by a network of auto-reminiscences, this group of poems forms the core of Bryusov's ‘tower text.’ Besides these, the poet’s ‘tower text’ includes numerous poems where architectural, kinetic, and emotionally expressive signatures of a tower are found as details describing the poet's path. Reintroduced in many variations, with increasing intensity, the vision of a tower runs through all Bryusov's oeuvre. A review of the symbolism of a tower in Russian poetry of the Silver Age demonstrates that Bryusov's case of interpretation of the image was unique. This image is organically connected with the other two major categories of his poetic world – memory and culture. In general, the symbolism of Bryusov's tower goes back to the mythopoetics of the Tower of Babel, but Bryusov resolutely shifts the meaning of this symbol, making it an emblem of his own life path. Among the major poets of the Silver Age, it was only Valery Bryusov for whom a tower became not merely one of the expressive means of the poetic system, but a key symbol of personal identity. Climbing a tower is his destiny and vocation, which the poet accepts with a characteristic mixture of feelings of fatality and pride. The peculiarity of Bryusov's interpretation of the idea of a path was that his path is devoid of internal teleology, it is self-sufficient. In Bryusov's poetry, the path is a pure striving of will, denying any goal as a limitation: ‘In this world of things and appearances / Everything was told to me in a single cry, /‘You must go!’ [V etom mire veshchey i oblichiy /Vse mne skazalos' v yedinstvennom kliche: /«Ty dolzhen idti!»] The figurative plasticity and semantics of a tower most fully expressed this vision of the path.
Joe Abercrombie’s ‘Red Country’ as a Fantasy Western: the Genre Features of the Novel
Authors:   Saratov State Conservatory, Ivanova Elizaveta A.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the novel Red Country (2012) written by the outstanding modern British fantasy author Joe Abercrombie. All his works can be characterized as postmodern play with genre conventions and genre mixing. Red Country unites the characteristics of the fantasy and the Western – genres that seem to be incompatible. The aim of the article is to look into how the elements of each of the genres are connected in the novel and how they are transformed in this process. The article gives a short overview of the characteristic features of both fantasy and Western based on works by Russian and foreign researchers. The text of Red Country is analyzed at the levels of plot, conflict, characters, setting, values, and ideology. For this novel, inside the already existing world of his books, Abercrombie creates a new territory organized in accordance with the story setting principles of the Western genre. The writer uses a lot of plot devices characteristic of the Western and some elements of a typical Western character, although depriving him of his traditional mysteriousness by employing a character known from his previous novels. However, most of Red Country’s characters do not conform to the stereotypes about Westerns, and the ideas and values conveyed in the novel undermine those of the Western genre. Responsibility, cooperation, freedom, reprehension of violence come in place of order, lawfulness, masculinity, and self-sufficiency. Such values are much more typical for the fantasy in general and for Abercrombie’s works specifically. The number of Western clichés in the novel itself indicates their unusual interpretation by the author. At the plot level, these shifts create a game with the reader, who is provoked to predict the outcome of events basing on his knowledge of the Western genre. Such expectations are often not met, which creates a strong effect of surprise and arouses more interest in the plot.
COMMUNITY LEGAL WORKERS IN ONTARIO: A PARALEGAL CASE STUDY
Authors: Frederick H Zemans
Published: September 2022

This article examines the history of community legal workers in Ontario, within the context of the community legal clinic movement that began in Toronto, in the early seventies. Tracing the emergence and development of community legal clinics and how their role has changed, the author directly connects the changes in the legislation, as well as the administrative changes in clinic governance, to the shifting role of the CLW’s within Ontario’s community legal clinics. The article identifies the shift in the CLW’s role from one largely of community outreach and education addressing systemic problems in access to justice, to one where, increasingly, CLWs are principally expected to address the growing demand for casework and related tasks. Ontario’s experience illustrates how funding formulas and models of governance directly impact not only on the way in which legal clinics connect to their community, but also how they contribute to social change. The significance of the innovative and strategic use of community legal workers is underlined by theircontinued importance within Ontario’s growing community legal clinic system.
TARGETING CIVIL LEGAL NEEDS: MATCHING SERVICES TO NEEDS
Authors: Vicky Kemp  , Pascoe Pleasence
Published: September 2022

The cost of administering and funding legal aid in England and Wales is in excess of two billion pounds. A recent study of private law family cases highlights how the current scheme tends to focus narrowly on particular legal issues and creates incentives for litigation rather than informal negotiation. Survey findings of legal need help to highlight that people experience a wide range of problems and often fail to receive proper help and support. Innovations taking place in both the developing and developed world can help to illustrate how legal services can expand and develop to reach out to those most vulnerable in society. To target civil legal needs and to match services to needs, it is argued that the legal aid scheme needs to broaden out and effectively link in with other forms of advice and support in order to provide joined up solutions to legal problems.
INHEEMSE ERFOPVOLGINGSREG IN ZIMBABWE: LESSE VIR SUIDAFRIKA DEEL II: ERFOPVOLGINGSREG NA HERVORMING
Authors: Elmarie Knoetze
Published: September 2022

In Part II of this article legal reform of the customary law of succession in Zimbabwe is considered with a view to extract lessons for legal reform in South Africa. In the discussion specific emphasis is placed on conflicting case law which seems indicative of the inherent strain between statutory reform and the customary law of succession applicable in a primarily patriarchal society.
PUNISHING PERLEMOEN* POACHING – DEVELOPMENTS BOTH RECENT AND POSSIBLY FUTURE?
Authors: Michael Kidd  , Shannon Hoctor
Published: September 2022

The problems related to curbing the poaching of abalone are legion. First, abalone is an easily accessible target. Sedentary in nature, occurring in shallow subtidal kelp beds rarely deeper than ten metres, growing slowly (taking 8-9 years to reach minimum legal size) and non-cryptic in behaviour, abalone presents little difficulty for exploitation (Houthoofd “Towards Some Solutions Relating to the Conservation of Abalone” 1997 4 SAJELP 301; and Hauck “Regulating Marine Resources in South Africa: The Case of the Abalone Fishery” 1999 Acta Juridica 211 212). Secondly, the authorities have struggled in the face of the systematic depletion of the abalone stocks. Conservation operations such as Operation Neptune, aimed at combating the poaching, have been largely unsuccessful (see Botha “See Weer Stropers se Speelplek” 23 December 2004 Die Burger 13). This state of affairs is not entirely surprising, given the limited resources on the part of the State, further hampered by bribery of conservation officials, as opposed to the enormous financial muscle of the poaching syndicates, associated with the Chinese Triads (see Hauck 1999 Acta Juridica 219ff). With the price of dried abalone currently at $1 000/kg, and the demand showing no sign of diminishing, the problem appears intractable, if not insoluble, without some radical intervention (Botha 23 December 2004 Die Burger 13). It has been argued that had South Africa previously listed the abalone species with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), other countries would have assisted in monitoring the trade in abalone and enforcing the legality of shipments (Allen et al “A Review of Developments in Ocean and Coastal Law 2003” 2003 9 Ocean & Coastal Law Journal 139 161). As it is, the illegal poaching continues and the abalone population continues to decline at “an alarmingly rapid rate” (Allen et al 2003 9 Ocean & Coastal Law Journal 161). The way in which the crime has been dealt with in the courts has further complicated efforts to deal with poaching. Effective enforcement has been hampered on occasion by judicial perceptions that offences such as poaching are not serious (see Njobeni “Courts Score Low on Environmental Law” 7 September 2004 Business Day (http://www.bdfm.co.za/cgi-bin/pp/print.pl)). The aim of this note is to examine one aspect of judicialenforcement of this particular environmental offence, namely sentencing.
DEALING WITH DEATH ON THE ROADS S v Nyathi 2005 2 SACR 273 (SCA)
Authors: Shannon Hoctor
Published: September 2022

Some fifteen years ago, Beck CJ stated in a Transkeian culpable homicide case that the need to reflect the concerns of the community about the rate of fatal collisions on the roads by avoiding “undue leniency in punishing drivers who are negligent or reckless has never been greater” (S v Mncunza 1990 2 SACR 96 (Tk) 98c). It is submitted that nothing has changed in the interim and, if anything, these words resonate even more today in the context of the plague of death on this country’s roads. Society expects the courts to protectinnocent road-users by imposing appropriately severe sentences, including imprisonment, on offenders who drive grossly negligently or recklessly (S v Birkenfield 2000 1 SACR 325 (SCA) par [9]). In the case of S v Nyathi, the Supreme Court of Appeal was presented with the opportunity to address these concerns.
LEGAL ENGINE OR STEAM ENGINE? Africa Solar (Pty) Ltd v Divwatt (Pty) Ltd 2002 4 SA 681 (SCA)
Authors: Adrian Bellengere
Published: September 2022

Cross-examination has long been the backbone of the Anglo-American adversarial trial system and indeed it is difficult to imagine a trial without it. Its importance has been remarked on by legal scholars and commentators, inter alia, Wigmore, above, and it has also been enshrined in section 35(3)(i) of the South African Constitution Act (108 of 1996) in the form of the “right to challenge evidence”, which of course extends further than crossexamination, but certainly incorporates it.
Structural features and technology of light armor composite materials with mechanism of brittle cracks localization
Authors:   Penza State University, Russian Federation, Kryukov Dmitry
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Monometallic armor traditionally used in military and special equipment armaments has a number of key disadvantages that have a significant impact on the tactical and technical characteristics of the products, namely, significant weight and thickness. At the same time, composite non-metallic armors, which have been widely used recently as an alternative, in turn, are not able to withstand multiple hits in local areas of the structure due to its complete destruction or delamination. The purpose of the work: to develop the technology of obtaining a new class of multilayer metal armor materials based on light metals and alloys by explosive welding, combining high indicators of bullet resistance and structural strength along with low specific gravity. The work presents a new scheme for reinforcing the composite using explosive welding technology, which allows localizing the development of brittle cracks along interlayer boundaries with external ballistic impact on the object. Results and discussion. Reinforced composite material based on titanium and aluminum alloys is obtained by explosive welding. Rational modes of shock-wave loading, which ensure production of composite material of required quality are determined; evaluation of strength of composite is carried out. In order to improve the tactical and technical characteristics of the composite, it was proposed to form high-solid intermetallic layers in its structure due to heat treatment. Rational modes of high-temperature annealing are defined, which ensure formation of intermetallic layers of preset thickness in composite structure. The phase composition of intermetallic pro-layers is studied. Structural features of the composite material are investigated. Mechanism of brittle cracks localization in composite structure at ballistic impact on it is described.
Deformability of TiNiHf shape memory alloy under rolling with pulsed current
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the RAS, Moscow, Stolyarov Vladimir , Andreev Vladimir ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Moscow, Russian Federation, Karelin Roman ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Moscow, Russian Federation,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ugurchiev Umar ,   Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the RAS, Moscow, Cherkasov Vladimir ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Komarov Victor ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Moscow, Russian Federation,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yusupov Vladimir ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The deformation capacity of materials is one of the main mechanical characteristics that determine the possibility of its production using various technological processes for metal forming. Among intermetallic compounds, a special role belongs to alloys with a high-temperature shape memory effect (SME) based on TiNi with the addition hafnium. Most of these alloys are not only difficult to deform, but also quite brittle. Therefore, the development of any technological schemes to increase the deformation capacity of these alloys is relevant. The purpose of the work: to study the deformation capacity and the possibility of using electric pulsed current during cold rolling of the TiNiHf alloy. This processing method has not previously been applied to these alloys. In this work, the deformation capacity during cold rolling of a strip 2 mm thick made of a hard-to-deform high-temperature TiNi-based shape memory alloy with the addition of hafnium is studied. To increase the deformability, an external action in the form of a high-density pulsed current of more than 200 A/mm2 is investigated. The research methods are: X-ray analysis to assess the initial phase state; analysis of the evolution of true and engineering deformation to failure (appearance of visible macrocracks in the deformation zone); optical microscopy with magnification from 50 to 100 and measurement of Vickers hardness at room temperature. Results and discussion. An increase in the deformability under the influence of a pulsed current compared to rolling without current and the achievement of a maximum strain of 1.7 (true) and 85% (engineering) are established. The initial coarse-grained equiaxed martensitic microstructure (50 μm) is transformed into a microstructure elongated along the rolling direction, while the hardness increases by 50%. The absence of noticeable structural changes and the observed hardening may indicate a nonthermal effect of the current in increasing the deformability. Thus, the results of the conducted studies indicate the prospects of the method of rolling with a current of a hard-to-deform TiNiHf shape memory alloy as a method of metal forming.
STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION, CULTURE AND PERFORMANCE IN THE PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION
Authors:   Hitit University, Corum, Turkey, Genc-Tetik Elif
Published: September 2022

It is largely accepted that effective strategy implementation, as one of the most essential phases of the strategy making process, leads to good organisational outcomes. However, there is still very little research addressing which implementation style is associated with better public service outcomes. For public sector organisations, there is a common belief that the implementation of strategies mostly fails in practice. Another important organisational characteristic, seen as an effective tool for increasing performance, is organisational culture. While there are also numerous studies in the literature investigating the relationship between organisational culture and performance in both the private and public sectors, most of this research only investigates the direct effects of culture. This research undertakes a novel approach and explores the separate and combined effects of strategy implementation style and organisational culture on performance in Turkish local government organisations. Survey data were analysed using multiple and robust moderated regression models. The results of the study confirmed the presence of a significant positive relationship between rational strategy implementation and organisational performance and consistently positive influence of hierarchy type of culture on performance. Moreover, a rational strategy implementation style appeared to strengthen the effects of a hierarchical and a market-based culture on performance, while an incremental strategy implementation style seemed to enhance the effects of a clan-oriented culture and an adhocracy culture on performance.
FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors:   University of Economics in Bratislava, Jankelová Nadežda , Joniaková Mgr. Zuzana ,   University of Economics in Bratislava, Puhovichová Diana ,   University of Economics in Bratislava
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the work engagement of state administration employees and managerial support from their superiors. Attention is focused not only on the direct effect of these two variables, but also on the role of perceived fairness and public service motivation in the examined relationship. For data collection, a questionnaire survey was conducted among managers in the state administration in Slovakia (221 respondents). The PLS-SEM method using SmartPLS 3.0 software was used to test the theoretical research model and the proposed hypotheses. The direct correlation between managerial support and employee engagement in state administration was confirmed as significant. Our study showed that even the support from managers can influence work exposure, but the intensity of the effect is enhanced by the engagement of perceived fairness in the work environment and public service motivation of employees. At the same time, women are more sensitive to the effects of the studied variables compared to men. Therefore, it is essential that government management builds a culture of support and fairness that encourages employee engagement.
EXPLORING CONNECTEDNESS BETWEEN REGULATORY IDENTITY AND STRATEGIC OUTCOMES
Authors:   Institute Gurgaon, Gurugram, India, Mishra Brajesh , Kumar Avanish ,   Institute Gurgaon, Gurugram, India
Published: September 2022

This study aims to extend the concept of organizational identity, the soul of organizational culture, and its five characterizing attributes, namely, purpose, philosophy, priorities, processes, and projections, to the regulatory space. It has been done through a thematic review of previous articles. Although a few academic articles in the public policy arena have dealt with one or two of these attributes, there is a lack of a holistic evaluation of the regulatory framework covering all these five attributes of regulatory identity. After building an understanding of how these elements have evolved in public policy and regulation domains, we have hypothesized that processes and projections of the regulatory framework need to be aligned with the core regulatory identity (constituted by purpose, philosophy, and priorities) for achieving strategic outcomes. On the other hand, a change in the long-term strategy should trigger a reassessment of organizational priorities followed by the realignment of the core regulatory culture to guide decision-making and organizational actions. Finally, since the regulatory processes or practices, both internal and external, are the actions that keep the regulatory identity alive, therefore, they should be aligned with the core identity and culture of the regulatory framework.
Bank Portfolio Allocation Strategy and Its Probability of Failure: Case of the Russian Banking Sector Purge
Authors: Кракович Виктор , Udaltsova Daria
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to discover portfolio allocation strategies that facilitate a bank’s stability. The paper examines the phenomenon of massive failures of Russian banks in the period from 2013 to 2019, in order to identify which of the banks’ strategic decisions regarding assets and liabilities, as well as portfolio structure, lead to higher stability. The dataset contains financial indicators and prudential ratios of 895 commercial banks operating in Russia during that period. 507 banks, or 57% of all banks, lost their license during the considered period. Cases of bank failures were classified depending on whether the Central Bank identified any illegal activities conducted by the failed bank. The high failure rate provides an opportunity to study the differences between failed and non-failed banks in order to determine the factors associated with lowerfailure probability. Following the approach applied in most of the previous studies, we use a logistic regression to model the effect of different asset and liability portfolio structure on the failure probability. The hypothesis that failure probability of a bank is affected by its strategic focus of forming an assets and liabilities portfolio was statistically confirmed. We found that the focus of a bank’s activity on providing loans to individuals and attracting deposits from companies leads to lower failure probability, confirming the results of previous studies. Also, we found that more active cooperation with other banks in terms of both borrowing and lending is associated with lower failure probability. Furthermore, we found that banks are less likely to borrow from or lend money to their fellow banks that later fail with illegal activity accusations.Finally, we found that unlike the EU banks, Russian banks with higher profitability ratios are more stable. The results are relevant for industry practitioners in facilitating the development of a more resilient bank strategy, as well as for regulators for incorporation in early warning models.
Analytical Method Development for Determination of Chitosan by LC-MS/MS in Dietary Supplement
Authors:   The Pharmaceutical Society Of Korea, Park Ji Eun , Oh Mi Hyune
Published: September 2022

The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is amending its test methods for dietary supplements (functional health food) to establish regulatory standards and specifications in South Korea. In this study, we develop analytical test methods to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the chitosan test method. We develop liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry for a chitosan analysis using acid hydrolysis to glucosamine. This method can be used to characterize and quantify dietary supplement formulations containing chitosan. The procedure was validated in the 78 ~ 2,500 ng/mL range, and standard calibration curves presented linearity with the coefficient of determination (r²) > 0.999. The limits of detection and quantitation were 51 ng/mL and 154 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery results ranged between 94.8 ~ 102.9% at three different concentration levels with relative standard deviations less than 3.1%, and precision (0.8 ~ 2.5%) was obtained. These are in accordance with the established validation criteria (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). Subsequently, our research provides scientific evidence for amending the chitosan test method for the Health Functional Food Codes.
Dissection and immunohistochemistry of mouse brainstem v1
Authors: Kim Seol-Hee
Published: September 2022

Mice are euthanized, perfused with fixative for brainstem tissue collection. Mouse brainstem is cryosectioned and slices are stained for protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Expression of specific proteins and reporter proteins are visualized using microscopy.
Born in Bradford’s Better Start: an experimental birth cohort study to evaluate the impact of early life interventions v1
Authors: Dickerson Josie
Published: September 2022

Background: Early interventions are recognised as key to improving life chances for children and reducing inequalities in health and well-being, however there is a paucity of high quality research into the effectiveness of interventions to address childhood health and development outcomes. Planning and implementing standalone RCTs for multiple, individual interventions would be slow, cumbersome and expensive. This paper describes the protocol for an innovative experimental birth cohort: Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) that will simultaneously evaluate the impact of multiple early life interventions using efficient study designs. Better Start Bradford (BSB) has been allocated £49 million from the Big Lottery Fund to implement 22 interventions to improve outcomes for children aged 0–3 in three key areas: social and emotional development; communication and language development; and nutrition and obesity. The interventions will be implemented in three deprived and ethnically diverse inner city areas of Bradford. Method: The BiBBS study aims to recruit 5000 babies, their mothers and their mothers’ partners over 5 years from January 2016-December 2020. Demographic and socioeconomic information, physical and mental health, lifestyle factors and biological samples will be collected during pregnancy. Parents and children will be linked to their routine health and local authority (including education) data throughout the children’s lives. Their participation in BSB interventions will also be tracked. BiBBS will test interventions using the Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) approach and other quasi-experimental designs where TwiCs are neither feasible nor ethical, to evaluate these early life interventions. The effects of single interventions, and the cumulative effects of stacked (multiple) interventions on health and social outcomes during the critical early years will be measured. Discussion: The focus of the BiBBS cohort is on intervention impact rather than observation. As far as we are aware BiBBS is the world’s first such experimental birth cohort study. While some risk factors for adverse health and social outcomes are increasingly well described, the solutions to tackling them remain elusive. The novel design of BiBBS can contribute much needed evidence to inform policy makers and practitioners about effective approaches to improve health and well-being for future generations.
Gene expression analysis by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) v1
Authors: not provided miquel.vila
Published: September 2022

Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
The Effect of Soft Skills on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Resilient Leadership
Authors:   People&Global Business Association, Widakdo Danang Sudarso Widya Prakoso Joyo
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the resilient leadership’s ability to mediate the effect of workability, discipline, and communication or soft skills on organizational performance.
Design/methodology/approach: This leadership performance assessment study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) applied to Organizational Behavior with case studies of State companies. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with regional leaders and online questionnaires distributed to participants from State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) engaged in food logistics in the East Java Province, Indonesia.
Findings: This study found a positive and significant effect of workability, discipline, and communication on leadership resilience and organizational performance mediated by leadership improvement. This showed that strong leader- ship increases the influence of soft skills on the company's organizational performance.
Research limitations/implications: This study only assessed the organizational leaders’ performance within the scope of the BULOG East Java Regional Office, meaning the research results cannot be generalized. It also tested the differences between samples by comparing the organizational performance of several companies’ sectors.
Originality/value: This study linked soft skills comprising workability, discipline, communication, and personality, with organizational performance mediated by tough leadership.
Relationship of Social Sustainability, Operational Performance and Economic Performance in Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors:   People&Global Business Association, Duong Ngoc-Hong
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Over the past two decades, sustainable development and green economy approaches have been implemented in different fields, including supply chain management. In developed countries, sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has attracted attention from both academia and industry. However, there is a substantial knowledge gap about supply chain social sustainability in developing countries. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to present the link between social sustainability and economic performance with the mediating role of operational performance in sustainable supply chain management.
Design/methodology/approach: The PLS-SEM model is applied to identify factors affecting social sustainability and the relationship between social sustainability, operational performance, and economic performance in Vietnam.
Findings: The study broadens the concept and emphasizes the importance of sustainable development in the context of Vietnam and provides recommendations for managers on strategic planning and developing business towards sustainability. This study also encourages managers to enrich employees’ welfare and working conditions and con- tribute to the local community.
Research limitations/implications: The social indicators in developing countries are distinct from those in developed countries. Hence, this study may only apply in the context of developing countries. There are three main pillars of sustainable development, including economic (profit), environment (planet), and society (people). In this research, the author only examines the social and economic aspects.
Originality/value: The outcomes of this study demonstrate a clear link between the social and economic elements of sustainability. While demonstrating how fully implemented Social sustainability improves economic performance, this study stimulates academic research about the interrelationship of sustainability elements in supply chains.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Household Financial Well-being
Authors:   People&Global Business Association, Abushammala Sami N. M.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The current research is one of the few studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on shattered households' financial well-being in light of Friedman's Theory of Consumption Function. It explored if there are statistical differences in the impact of COVID-19 due to the demographic variables of the study.
Design/methodology/approach: The study is descriptive and analytical. It used an online survey that targeted respondents representing 387 Palestinian households randomly selected from the community of the Gaza Strip.
Findings: The results showed a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on households' financial well-being. It also revealed these households' lack of financial resilience due to the combined effect of the pandemic and the concurrent siege and its economic drawbacks. The statistical results demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the households' mean financial well-being scores due to gender before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, it was found that there are statistically significant differences in the households' mean scores of financial well-being due to the (education level, number of household members, employability status, and the number of households' breadwinners) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research limitations/implications: The researcher conducted an online survey among the general population in the Gaza Strip during the COVID-19 pandemic between the 2nd and 5th of June 2021. Although the results of this study are based on the Palestinian context, the main hypotheses can be tested in other countries to assess the impact of COVID-19 on household financial well-being, especially in emerging countries.
Originality/value: This study is the first to address the financial and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on households already shattered and torn by suffrage political and economic inequalities. It also demonstrates how people in emergencies tend to respond to the resulting conditions of the pandemic in the light of Friedman's Theory of the Consumption Function.
FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN SAWIT: PERSPEKTIF PEKEBUN KECIL
Authors: Ishak Suraiya , Che Omar Ahmad Raflis , Abdul Manaf Azima
Published: September 2022

Pekebun kecil sering terdedah kepada isu kemiskinan disebabkan perolehan pendapatan yang kecil. Makalah ini bertujuan menjejaki dan mengenal pasti faktor berpotensi mempengaruhi pendapatan pekebun kecil sawit berdasarkan pengalaman mereka yang terlibat dalam rantaian pengeluaran skala kecil. Kajian ini menggunakan teknik temubual berstruktur bagi mendapatkan maklumat daripada responden berdasarkan soalan temubual yang telah dibina. Data temubual dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisa tematik bagi mengesan trend tema faktor yang dijangka mempengaruhi pendapatan pekebun kecil. Seramai empat (4) orang informan yang terdiri daripada pekebun kecil telah terlibat dalam sesi temubual dan dipilih menerusi kaedah persampelan bola salji. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 4 tema faktor mempengaruhi pendapatan pekebun kecil sawit iaitu kos penyelenggaraan kebun dan pokok yang tinggi, masalah dan kos pekerja, peraturan yang menganggu dan harga pasaran buah sawit. Keaslian kajian ini terletak pada usahanya mengesan faktor-faktor mempengaruhi pendapatan sawit berdasarkan perspektif pekebun kecil dan menjelaskan faktor berkenaan menurut pengalaman sebenar pekebun kecil dalam pendekatan yang sistematik. Penentuan model khusus faktor mempengaruhi pendapatan sawit pekebun kecil mampu memberi implikasi ilmu dalam bentuk model peramalan yang berguna bagi meramal potensi pendapatan hasil sawit pekebun kecil dalam bidang Pengurusan khususnya berkaitan pendapatan pertanian mampan. Polisi bersesuaian bagi meredakan halangan yang telah dikenal pasti sebagai menganggu kelancaran rantaian penciptaan nilai pendapatan hasil pekebun kecil adalah melibatkan langkah meredakan ketidakpastian harga komoditi, tekanan upah buruh asing dan fleksibiliti peraturan berkaitan kenderaan pengangkut buah sawit.
KAJIAN KEBOLEHPASARAN GRADUAN PROGRAM ANTROPOLOGI DAN SOSIOLOGI SEBELUM DAN SEMASA PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Abdul Aziz Dayang Fitri Izzati , Abdullah Azlina
Published: September 2022

Pada era modenisasi, graduan menghadapi halangan dan cabaran untuk keluar daripada status pengangguran. Persaingan graduan mendapatkan pekerjaan semakin meningkat berikutan penambahan jumlah graduan yang bergraduasi setiap tahun. Keadaan ekonomi yang merosot disebabkan oleh pandemik COVID19 turut meningkatkan lagi tahap kesukaran graduan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan sesuai dengan kelayakan yang dimiliki. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti pola kebolehpasaran graduan sebelum dan semasa pandemik COVID-19, mengenal pasti faktor yang mempengaruhi kebolehpasaran serta peranan modal sosial terhadap kebolehpasaran graduan. Kajian ini dijalankan ke atas 106 orang responden yang terdiri daripada graduan Program Antropologi & Sosiologi Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia yang bergraduasi pada tahun 2018, 2019 dan 2020. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan responden dipilih melalui kaedah pensampelan rawak mudah berstrata. Data kajian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan perisian Statistical Packages for The Social Science (SPSS) versi 20. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kebolehpasaran graduan ANSOS UKM yang bergraduasi sebelum dan semasa pandemik berada pada tahap yang sangat baik dan stabil. Kemahiran teknologi digital merupakan salah satu faktor yang boleh meningkatkan tahap kebolehpasaran graduan dan merupakan satu keperluan bagi kebanyakan majikan. Akhir sekali, dapatan kajian menunjukkan faktor modal sosial yang diperoleh mahasiswa sepanjang pengajian di universiti memberikan pengaruh dan impak positif terhadap tahap kebolehpasaran graduan. Kesimpulannya, graduan haruslah mempersiapkan diri dengan mengasah kemahiran dan membina modal sosial semasa masih bergelar mahasiswa bagi meningkatkan kebolehpasaran diri untuk bersaing dalam pasaran pekerjaan. Implikasi kajian ini terhadap usaha berterusan dalam memastikan kelestarian kebolehpasaran graduan khususnya dalam bidang, di samping memperkasa graduan secara menyeluruh.
PSIKOLOGI POLITIK: KONSEP UMUM DAN PENEROKAAN TERHADAP TOLERANSI SERTA KEHARMONIAN ETNIK DI SABAH, MALAYSIA
Authors: Bullare @ Bahari Muhammad Idris , Hussin Rosazman , Johnes Johan
Published: September 2022

Psikologi politik merupakan satu bidang akademik yang agak baharu, yang mana menggunakan gabungan pendekatan daripada bidang psikologi sosial dan sains politik. Tujuan utama bidang psikologi politik adalah untuk memahami bagaimana pemikiran dan tingkah laku individu mempengaruhi situasi politik. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah kajian kepustakaan untuk memperoleh maklumat berkenaan konsep psikologi politik secara lebih mendalam dengan merujuk sumber-sumber literatur melalui penelitan artikel dalam jurnal, buku dan laman web rasmi pihak-pihak yang berkaitan dengan konsep psikologi politik. Di samping itu, tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk menghuraikan secara ringkas bidang psikologi politik yang merangkumi pengenalan terhadap bidang ini, personaliti di dalam psikologi politik, dan kognisi dan identiti sosial di dalam psikologi politik. Kajian ini turut membincangkan topik mengenai toleransi dan keharmonian etnik di Sabah berserta cadangan haluan penyelidikan yang boleh dijalankan berdasarkan sudut psikologi politik. Kajian ini tidak bertujuan untuk menjadi panduan dan rujukan yang komprehensif mengenai bidang psikologi politik lantaran pengkhususan bidang ini yang agak luas. Kajian ini boleh memberi pemahaman umum terhadap psikologi politik, serta menyediakan landasan kajian toleransi dan keharmonian etnik di negeri Sabah, Malaysia.
TOLERANSI ETNIK MELALUI PERAYAAN ORANG ASAL DI SABAH: APLIKASI TEORI TINGKAH LAKU TERANCANG
Authors: Andin Christina , Hussin Rosazman , Johnes Johan
Published: September 2022

Penelitian terhadap hubungan etnik merupakan satu topik yang penting terutama sekali dalam sebuah masyarakat pelbagai kaum. Masyarakat pelbagai kaum terdedah kepada konflik akibat perbezaan daripada pelbagai aspek seperti agama, kepercayaan dan budaya. Sejesteru itu, penulisan ini membincangkan tentang toleransi etnik dengan fokus kepada peranan perayaan sebagai medium memupuk toleransi. Perbincangan dikembangkan melalui aplikasi Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang oleh Ajzen (1991). Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang dipilih kerana ianya digunakan secara meluas dalam memahami tingkah laku sosial manusia. Dalam penulisan ini, teori digunakan untuk memahami perkaitan perayaan dengan toleransi etnik. Penulis menganalisis bahan yang terdiri daripada jurnal, prosiding seminar, bab dalam buku, tesis, buku serta laporan organisasi untuk melihat perkaitan antara perayaan dengan toleransi etnik. Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang menunjukkan bahawa perayaan boleh mempengaruhi sikap, norma subjektif dan persepsi tentang cara seseorang menangani toleransi etnik. Adalah disyorkan bahawa teori ini digunakan oleh kajian masa depan untuk mengembangkan lagi asas pengetahuan dalam penelitian mengenai toleransi etnik. Hasil sorotan kajian ini memberikan idea bukan sahaja kepada pengkaji toleransi etnik, malah kepada pihak berkepentingan untuk memupuk integrasi masyarakat melalui perayaan pelbagai etnik seperti di Sabah.