bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“ASSIM EU FICO BEM COM O PÉ ATRÁS”: IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS FATORES INFLUENCIADORES DAS COMPRAS EM E-COMMERCE DE JOVENS CONSUMIDORES
Authors: De Souza Dias Cintia , Do Couto Oliveira Frederico , Antunes Luiz Guilherme Rodrigues , Aparecida de Abreu Arlete , Dinali Viglioni Marco Túlio
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que influenciam a realização de compras em e-commerce por jovens de um Campus do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG). Para isso, foi desenvolvida pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quali-quanti, com o uso da estratégia de estudo de caso e survey. Foram aplicados 101 questionários e realizadas 3 entrevistas semiestruturadas com o intuito de aprofundar os resultados obtidos na etapa quantitativa, visando a triangulação metodológica. As estratégias utilizadas para a análise dos dados foram as técnicas multivariadas e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados permitiram identificar a descrição do produto, descrição da oferta, informações sobre o site, tempo de efetivação da compra e feedback do site, como as principais variáveis influenciadoras no processo de compra em e-commerces. Além disso, três perfis foram identificados: Satisfeitos’, ‘Relativamente satisfeitos; e ‘Não satisfeitos’ em relação ao processo de compra neste ambiente. Como principal contribuição desse estudo destaca-se a possibilidade de melhor compreensão de jovens consumidores em e-commerce.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Mazzini Marcondes Mariana , Pascoal Cassandre Marcio
Published: May 2021

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Produzindo feminilidades: a percepção de boxeadoras sobre suas transformações corporais
Authors: Berté Isabela Lisboa , Goellner Silvana Vilodre
Published: May 2021

Este texto analisa a percepção de boxeadoras sobre as transformações corporais ocorridas em função de sua dedicação à modalidade com fins competitivos. Fundamentada no aporte teórico-metodológico da História Oral, foram entrevistadas sete atletas registradas na Federação Gaúcha de Pugilismo que participaram de competições em nível estadual e nacional no ano de 2015 e dois treinadores com experiência na modalidade. Estas entrevistas foram cotejadas com outras fontes, tais como reportagens, atlas e documentos institucionais. Dessa análise, emergiram três temas: a aparência dos corpos das boxeadoras e sua relação com aspectos referentes ao gênero e à sexualidade; aspectos comparativos entre a prática do boxe com fins competitivos e do boxe vivenciado nas academias; estratégias utilizadas pelas boxeadoras para legitimar sua presença na modalidade. A partir de suas narrativas, foi possível identificar que as pugilistas negociam representações de feminilidade ao adequar seus treinos de modo a manter uma boa performance sem apresentar uma excessiva potencialização muscular. Tal percepção advém da preocupação em adequar sua corporalidade aos padrões estéticos socialmente valorizados, demonstrando o quanto o gênero, longe de ser um dado biológico, é algo que precisa constantemente ser reiterado.
The image of physical education teachers held by students from two universities
Authors: Ávalos Ramos Mª Alejandra , Martínez Ruiz M. Ángeles , Merma Molina Gladys
Published: May 2021

This study analyses the image that students of initial physical education teacher education (PETE) from two different universities (University of Alicante- UA, Spain, and Central University of Ecuador-UCE) have of physical education teachers. This qualitative and comparative study uses a metaphorical approach. Qualitative methodology was used to analyse the participating students metaphors in order to explore whether or not they suit the current learning and teaching perspectives in the field of Physical Education, and whether the images conveyed any differences between universities due to the influence of the context in the Physical Education teacher image and in gender stereotypes. A total of 190 students participated in the study (n= 105 men; n= 85 women). The software AQUAD 7 was used to process the data. The results showed that there were no obvious gender differences that keep women away from physical activity.  As well as not excessive differences due to the different context of the participants.
Sessão de treinamento de forca supervisionada aumenta a carga total levantada e as respostas subjetivas em sujeitos treinados
Authors: Lopes Charles Ricardo , Soares Enrico Gori , Oenning Luan , Brigatto Felipe Alves , Marchetti Paulo Henrique
Published: May 2021

O treinamento de forca (TF) com supervisão pode afetar a carga total levantada (CTL), o número total de repetições (NTR), o tempo líquido sob tensão (TLT) e a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) em indivíduos experientes em TF. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da supervisão do personal trainer na sessão de indivíduos experientes em TF. Quinze homens (20,0±2 anos; 176,0±4 cm; 79,3±4,7 kg) experientes com o TF realizaram duas sessões compostas com exercícios para o corpo todo. Na sessão sem supervisão do personal trainer (SPT) os sujeitos auto selecionaram as intensidades utilizadas nos exercícios e foram orientados à “selecionar a sobrecarga que eles tipicamente utilizam para realizar 10 repetições”; na sessão com a supervisão do personal trainer (CPT) os sujeitos auto selecionaram as intensidades utilizadas nos exercícios e foram orientados à “realizar o máximo de esforço possível”. Foi observada maior CTL (P<0,001, Δ%=30), NTR (P<0,001, Δ%=29), TLT (P=0,003, Δ%=21) e PSE (P<0,001, Δ%=29) na sessão de TF. O presente estudo concluiu que as sessões com supervisão de um personal trainer afetam positivamente as variáveis do treinamento.
Estética do invisível e androginia: a dissolução da unidade simbólica de pertencimento como reflexão à educação física
Authors: Cândido Cássia Marques , Suzano Heloísa de Almeida , Assis Monique Ribeiro de
Published: May 2021

O interesse pela realização do estudo parte da visibilidade que indivíduos não binários adquirem em diferentes espaços, inclusive em manifestações artísticas que convidam ao diálogo. Um exemplo é o evento “Mostra de Multilinguagens Corpos Visíveis: arte e diversidade”, que promoveu um debate público envolvendo a temática. A mesma comportou a exposição fotográfica “Estética do Invisível”, de onde selecionamos duas imagens, com o objetivo de interpretá-las, discutindo alguns sentidos atrelados às suas composições.  Trata-se daquelas intituladas “Ensaio disfarce para o fim do mundo” e “Meu corpo criação”. O método é inspirado na antropologia da imagem. O mesmo exige que a interpretação supere o conteúdo das fotografias e considere aspectos ligados à sua produção e exibição. Os resultados apontam que ambas as imagens superam o discurso autoritário, representando indivíduos que recusam se submeter aos processos identitários vigentes. Elas expressam um modo de sofrimento, que se traduz em sintoma pela dissolução da unidade simbólica de pertencimento. Os elementos que as constituem evocam noções de divindade, poder, resistência e transformação. Além de subjetividades cambiantes, as fotografias iluminam o despontar de um novo paradigma que desafia convenções e acarreta mudanças em diferentes campos, principalmente aos que atuam diretamente sobre o corpo.
Prevalência e fatores sociodemográficos associados ao comportamento sedentário em adolescentes de Rio Claro-SP
Authors: Christofoletti Ana Elisa Messetti , Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Sebastião Emerson , Ueno Deisy Terumi , Nakamura Priscila Missaki
Published: May 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência, os fatores sociodemográficos e o comportamento sedentário (CS) associados as situações do CS (1) obrigações; 2) computador/tablet e videogame; 3) smartphone;  4) televisão; 5) CS total) de adolescentes de Rio Claro-SP.  Participaram do estudo 482 adolescentes (14,4±2,1 anos) de 3 escolas públicas e 2 particulares, avaliados por um questionário de identificação, anamnese clínica e nível socioeconômico; Questionário de Comportamento Sedentário, com questões adicionais relacionadas ao CS e o uso de smartphones e videogames; Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual para Adolescentes; e mensuração do peso e estatura para o cálculo de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (kg/m²). Realizou-se análise descritiva, teste t de Student para comparar as situações de CS e nível de atividade física entre meninos e meninas e regressão logística para verificar a associação das situações com o CS total (p<0,05). Identificou-se que 47,5% dos adolescentes permanecem mais de 14 horas/dia em CS (média de 13,7±3,4 horas/dia). As situações associados ao CS total foram: smartphone (RO=6,23; p<0,001); computador/tablet e videogame (RO=2,5; p=0,012); obrigações (RO=2,43; p=0,009) e televisão (RO=2,35; p=0,009). Relatou-se alta prevalência de CS, porém não houve nenhum fator sociodemográfico associado com esse comportamento. Adicionalmente, o uso do smartphone apresentou maior associação com o alto tempo de CS total.
Postura e equilíbrio em idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercícios físicos
Authors: Bianchi Adriane Behring , Antunes Mateus Dias , Santos Natália Quevedo dos , Bulla Henrique Augusto , Silva Eraldo Schunk , Marques Amélia Pasqual , Bertolini Sonia Maria Marques Gomes
Published: May 2021

Esse estudo teve como objetivo comparar a postura corporal e o equilíbrio entre idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercícios físicos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, com uma amostra por conveniência de 245 idosos, distribuída em grupo de praticantes de exercício físico (GP) (n=169) e grupo de não praticantes de exercícios físicos (GNP) (n=76). O equilíbrio foi avaliado pela escala de Berg, a postura corporal ortostática por meio do software SAPO e a postura sentada pelo protocolo Rocha e Souza. Foi encontrado que os idosos do GP possuem melhor postura sentada (p = 0,046), alinhamento vertical do tronco direito (p = 0,039), alinhamento vertical do corpo direito (p = 0,027) e esquerdo (p = 0,004), ângulo do tornozelo esquerdo (p = 0,023), assimetria do plano frontal (p = 0,008) e equilíbrio (0.001), comparados aos idosos do GNP. Conclui-se que os idosos que praticam exercícios físicos apresentam melhor postura e equilíbrio, em comparação aos não praticantes. Essas informações podem ser úteis para aumentar e incentivar programas de práticas corporais e exercícios físicos para idosos no Brasil.
Association between motor performance, cognitive maturity and socio-demographic aspects in preschooler children
Authors: Caruzzo Nayara Malheiros , Belem Isabella Caroline , Dos Santos Viviane Aparecida Pereira , Contreira Andressa Ribeiro , Fiorese Lenamar , Lopes Vieira José Luiz
Published: May 2021

The identification of low motor proficiency in children of preschool age allows intervention programs to be proposed, to minimize the losses in school activities, social relationships and Physical Education classes. Thus, identifying the factors underlying low motor performance is essential, in an attempt to reduce possible motor disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between motor performance, cognitive maturity and sociodemographic aspects in preschool children from Paraná. The participants were 357 preschoolers from 3,5 years to 5 years. The Columbia Mental Maturity Scale, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 test and a sociodemographic data sheet were used. For statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman (Wilcoxon) and binary logistic regression tests (p<0.05) were used. There was a high prevalence of low motor proficiency (16.8%), cognitive maturity (CM) on average age (67.2%) and socioeconomic level >R$1,500, 00 (45.5%). A significant association was observed between higher CM and low motor proficiency, indicating the upper CM as a protective factor for low motor proficiency (OR 0.513 IC 95% 0,266-1,000). The socio-demographic factors were not intervening in the motor performance (MP). It was concluded that the upper CM in children in early childhood acts as a protective factor for the low motor proficiency and that the socio-demographic factors of the family were not associated with MP and the CM of the preschoolers.
Second Law Analysis of MHD Micropolar Fluid Flow through a Porous Microchannel with Multiple Slip and Convective Boundary Conditions
Authors: Madhu Macha , Shashikumar N.S. , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna , Kishan Naikoti
Published: May 2021

The impact of space dependent heat source in the transport of micropolar fluid in the existence of magnetic dipole, Joule heating, viscous heating, thermal radiation, hydrodynamic slips and convective condition effects has been numerically investigated. The dimensioned governing equations are non-dimensionlzed by using dimensionless variables then non-dimensional forms of the corresponding equations are than tackled by the versatile Finite Element Method (FEM). The effects of pertinent physical parameters characterize the flow phenomena are presented through graphs and discussed. It is found that, the impact of thermal based heat source advances the heat transfer characteristics significantly than exponential to space dependent. The thermal performance can be improved through the effects of magnetic dipole, viscous heating, Joule heating and convective condition. Further, the present numerical results are compared with previously published results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem and found to be in good agreement with the existing results.
Scrutiny the Heat Transfer Effect in an Annulus by Mounting Axial Fins with Different Shapes: Without and with Taylor Number
Authors: Kebir Farouk , ATTOU Youcef
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate numerically the heat transfer improvement and pressure drop inside annular channel of a rotor-stator provided with fins mounted on the stator without and with Taylor number. The impact of mounting various types of fins (triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal shapes with small and large base) is studied by varying the fin width b from 0 to 14 mm. In the presence of axial air flow, numerical simulations are carried out by solving the governing continuity, momentum and energy equations of turbulent flow in cylindrical coordinates using the Finite Volume Method. The results obtained by Reynolds Stress Model RSM model have indicated that the heat transfer enhances as the surface area of the fins and the effective Reynolds number increase, while there is an increase in pressure drop. Furthermore, we have shown that the presence of Taylor number has a slight increase in Nusselt number and pressure drop compared to the case without Taylor number. Among the four geometries, it is found that the rectangular cavity is the best geometry which gives maximum heat transfer and minimum pressure loss.
Time-Dependent Hydromagnetic Boundary Layer Flow across a Porous Vertical Surface with Internal Heat Generation
Authors: Sulemana Musah , Seini Ibrahim Yakubu
Published: May 2021

The time-dependent hydromagnetic boundary layer flow across a vertical surface with internal heat regeneration in porous media is investigated. The flow problem has been modelled mathematically in partial differential equations along with appropriate defined boundary conditions. These equations were expressed in dimensionless form using suitable similarity variables. The resulting dimensionless equations along with the conditions defined at the boundaries are solved by means of the Laplace transform methods. Results of the study are graphically illustrated for various quantities of practical importance. It was concluded that time positively influence the flow as a reduced skin friction coefficient was observed. Furthermore, the magnetic parameter, the radiation parameter, the heat absorption parameter and the permeability of the porous media can be used to influence the characteristics of a flow in porous media.
Effects of Hydrodynamic Slip on Rotating Magneto-Electro-Osmotic Flow through a Periodic Microfluidic System
Authors: Abdulhameed Mohammed , Yakubu Dauda Gulibur , Adamu Garba Tahiru
Published: May 2021

The study is concerned with the effects of slip velocity on a non-uniform rotating electroosmotic flow in a micro-channel. Electroosmotic driven fluid flow is obtained by the application of a potential electric field which describes the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The external electric potential is applied along the x and y directions which provides the necessary driving force for the electroosmotic flow. Two semi analytical techniques were employed to obtain the solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The first method incorporates the complex normalized function into the Laplace transform and the second method is the combination of the Laplace transform and D’Alembert technique. Further, the complex normalized function became difficult to invert in closed form, hence we resort to the use of numerical procedure based on the Stehfest's algorithm. The graphical solutions to the axial velocities on both x and y components have been obtained and analyzed for the effects of the slip parameter and the amplitude of oscillation of the micro-channel walls. The solutions show that the rotating electroosmotic flow profile and the flow rate greatly depend on time, rotating parameter and the electrokinetic width. The results also indicate that the applied electric field and the electroosmotic force, play vital role on the velocity distribution in the micro-channel. The fact is that the solutions obtained in this study synthesize most of the solutions available in the previous studies. Finally, this study will be relevant in biological applications particularly in pumping mechanism to help transport substances within different parts of the systems.
Characterization of Thermal Inertia and Footprint Carbon of Clay-Wool, Clay-Cork, and Clay-Plastic Composites
Authors: Mounir Soumia , Maaloufa Youssef , Abdelhamid Khabbazi , El Harrouni Khalid
Published: May 2021

Passive solutions in the concept of energy efficiency play an important role in reducing energy consumption, and emissions of CO2. However, controlling the parameters of walls, and roof thermal Inertia is the perfect way to ensure comfort inside houses. In this paper, an investigation of thermal inertia behavior, and energy efficiency of clay with natural, and industrial additives: cork, wool, and waste of plastic. The use of those materials will improve the comfort of the inhabitants of the cold area who suffer from the hard climatic conditions, not just the block’s clay will be extracted from the same area but also they will be sun backed, the thing which will reduce the huge energy consumption of brickyard. A study of the energy efficiency of those materials was done using TRNSYS, and an evaluation of their environmental impact was evaluated by calculating their emissions in terms of CO2. The results obtained indicate an important characteristic in term of thermal Inertia, for a value of thermal transmittance of U= 0.55 W.m-2.K-1, we need 0.9m thickness of wall using the heavy concrete, however, if we use clay, we gain 69 %, clay-plastic we gain 79 %, clay cork, we gain 87 %, and by clay-wool, we earn 89 % in term of the wall’s thickness. For the delay of the heat flow of a wall of 25 cm, we could assure a delay of above 11h instead of just 2h for the heavy concrete. Concerning the heating need during a year during the cold season, the clay presents a need for 1500 KJ.h-1. Concerning the footprint carbon, the composite clay-cork has a negative footprint carbon; however, the clay and clay-wool present a low carbon emission near zero when the clay-plastic and the heavy concrete present the highest value of emissions.
Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Layer PtS2 (Se2) for Nano Devices Applications
Authors: Ghazi Rusul A. , Sabur Dhay Ali , Al-Hasnawy Ruaa S. , Muhsen Haider O. , Kadhim Bahjat B. , Salim Faiza M. , Jappor Hamad R. , Ali Ali M.
Published: May 2021

Monolayer materials are promising material in applications, such as possess some layers with sturdy in-plane bonds. These materials represents two-dimensional (2D) materials which are possess a vertical weak Van der Waals (VdW) interactions sandwiched among the neighboring sheets. These structures of layers offer the chance to be split to free atomic layers. So new class material with two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides which includes PtS2 (Se2) have unique geometric structural, electronic and optical properties are studied. It has attracted the attention of many researchers for its extensive applications in (catalysis, sensing, electronics, and optoelectronics devices). It has been disclosed from the outcomes that these monolayers are dynamically stable according to the phonon calculations. Also, the direct band gaps located at K point for MoS2 and MoSe2 are 1.67 eV and 1.484 eV and for PtS2 and PtSe2 located between Γ-M points are 1.887 and 1.66, respectively. Also, the PtS2 have indirect band gap of about 1.775 eV situated at KΓ- ΓM and for PtSe2 is 1.401 eV at Γ- ΓM path. The results show that the maximum absorption coefficients are between 14×104 and 16.4×104 cm-1 for PtS2 and MoSe2, respectively. Besides, the maximum conductivities are between 2.09×101 and 3.65×1015 1/s for PtSe2 and MoS2, and the major values Likewise, the optical properties determined over rang energy 0.30 eV. The work function is equal 6.197eV for PtS2 and 5.628eV for PtSe2. It has been shown by studying photon dispersion of both monolayers that it is stable because it does not contain imaginary frequencies.
Influence of Cu Dopant on SnS Thin Films Characterization and Enhance Efficiency of p-SnS:Cu /n-Si Solar Cell
Authors: Hassun Hanan K. , Hussein Bushra H. , Al-Maiyaly Bushra K.H. , Shaban Auday H.
Published: May 2021

Thin films Tin sulfide SnS pure and doped with different ratios of Cu (X=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) were prepared using thermal evaporation with a vacuum of 4*10-6 mbar on two types of substrates n-type Si and glass with (500) nm thickness for solar cell application. X-ray diffraction and AFM analysis were carried out to explain the influence of Cu ratio dopant on structural and morphological properties respectively. SnS phase appeared forming orthorhombic structure with preferred orientation (111), increase the crystallinity degree and surface roughness with increase Cu ratio. UV/Visible measurement revealed the decrease in energy gap from 1.9eV for pure SnS to 1.5 for SnS: Cu (0.05) making these samples suitable for photovoltaic application. On the other hand, Hall Effect indicated the high percentage of Cu increased carrier concentration and mobility. Current-voltage characteristics of p-SnS: Cu / n-Si demonstrate good photovoltaic effect as ratios of Cu increased and the contact parameters which obtained from these measurement show good dependence on doping concentration. In addition, 0.05 of Cu doping was an optimum level of concentration doping increase the efficiency of SnS: Cu /Si solar cell to 3.5%.
Rapid recovery of normal gill morphology and blood physiology in brown trout (Salmo trutta) after short-term exposure to toxic concentrations of aqueous aluminium under non-steady state chemical conditions
Authors: Poléo Antonio Bjørn Stefano , Kjelsberg Birgitte Marie , Rukke Nina Alstad , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn
Published: May 2021

Freshwater acidification is characterised by elevated concentrations of aqueous aluminium. Global emissions of acidifying agents are reduced due to international agreements, and freshwater acidification has shifted from chronic to a more episodic character. The recovery of fish populations in acidified areas is likely to depend on the individual’s ability to recover from short-time aluminium exposures. We exposed brown trout (Salmo trutta) to an Al-rich medium, nominal concentration 600 µg L–1, for 0.5, 2, 6, 8 and 11 hours, before transfer to circumneutral Al-poor water for recovery. As controls, fish were either exposed for 11 hours to an acidified Al-poor medium or to untreated water. Some mortality during the first 24 hours of the recovery period occurred in fish exposed for 11, 8 and 6 hours to aluminium. No mortality during recovery was observed in the remaining groups. Aluminium exposure led to increased haematocrit and plasma lactate concentration, decreased plasma chloride concentration, deposition of aluminium on gill surfaces, and morphological alteration of the gill structures. The responses depended on exposure time. Aluminium deposited on the gill disappeared and plasma lactate levels were at control levels after 1 day in the recovery water, while haematocrit and plasma chloride levels were at control levels after 14 days of recovery. Gills in fish exposed to aluminium for 11 hours were almost fully recovered after 14 days. We conclude that the toxic response in brown trout exposed to an acutely toxic aluminium challenge is reversible. Moreover, the first 24 hours after aluminium exposures is the most critical period for the fish recovery. Further, it takes no more than 14 days for brown trout to fully recover from an acute toxic aluminium exposure, and only 1 day if the aluminium challenge is moderate.
Evaluation of Soft Skills among Italian Healthcare Rehabilitators: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Continisio Grazia Isabella , Serra Nicola , Guillari Assunta , Simeone Silvio , Lucchese Rosita , Gargiulo Gianpaolo , Toscano Silvia , Capo Marianna , Capuano Angela , Sarracino Franca , Esposito Maria Rosaria , Rea Teresa
Published: May 2021

Background

Healthcare rehabilitator skills can be grouped into hard and soft skills. Hard skills are specific and teachable, which can be defined and measured, while soft skills are less tangible and more difficult to quantify. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge of soft skills among Italian healthcare rehabilitators, and how they were acquired.

Design and methods

Two hundred healthcare rehabilitators, who worked in Southern Italy were enrolled from September 1st to October 31st 2017, and interviewed with Computer-Assisted-Web- Interview (CAWI) software, to assess their level of soft skills.

Results

Healthcare rehabilitators showed significant satisfaction with university education (59.5%), particularly for theoretical training (64%), while significant dissatisfaction was found fortechnical- practical training (63.5%), training in patients’ family management (66.5%) and stages participation to improve soft skills (59%). Dissatisfied rehabilitators were found for university education of soft skills (59%), particularly for interpersonal relationships with patients’ family (66.5%) and technical-practical train in (63.5%). Women considered the training courses about soft skills acquisition more useful than men (43.8%).

Conclusions

Healthcare rehabilitator training is lacking in the teaching of both technical-practicaland soft skills. It is striking that in a healthcare profession like that of the rehabilitator, where practical and empathic skills are fundamental in the relationship with the patients, such skills are not treated in analogously with theoretical training.
A rare case of lung abscess due to esophageo-pulmonary fistula in asymptomatic carcinoma of esophagus
Authors: Ghosh Soumitra , Handa Neha , Tale Sudheer , Bhalla Ashish
Published: May 2021

Acquired esophago-respiratory fistulae are usually esophago-tracheal or esophago-bronchial. Esophago-pulmonary fistulae are rare. Most patients present with cardinal symptoms of esophageal carcinoma or esophago-pulmonary fistula leading to early diagnosis. We report a 56-year-old female with an unusual presentation. She presented with high grade fever with chills and rigor, cough with mucopurulent expectoration and shortness of breath for 15 days without dysphagia, nausea, vomiting or chest pain. Clinically and radiologically a diagnosis of lung abscess was entertained and she was treated with multiple antibiotics without any improvement. Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) chest revealed esophageal malignancy with esophageal-pulmonary fistula communicating with abscess cavity. Patient responded to palliation with self-expandable esophageal stent and drainage of abscess. Although rare, asymptomatic malignant esophageal disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung abscess, which does not follow a usual course.
Keywords: Lung abscess, Esophageal cancer, Esophageo-pulmonary fistula, Self expandable metallic stent
The impact of inequality and COVID-19 on education and career planning for South African children of rural and low-socioeconomic backgrounds
Authors: Pillay Indira
Published: May 2021

Background: South African youth in poor and rural communities have faced serious challenges, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has worsened their situation. The odds are stacked against them as they try to obtain an education, and eventually a career. Many students struggle to complete their studies amidst the pressure of the pandemic, and concerns over career possibilities weigh heavily on their shoulders.Objectives: The need for this research is to highlight the challenges faced by youth within the education system. It is also to explore the failings of the South African government and its education sector.Method: A brief overview of the current and historical literature was conducted. Relevant literature was reviewed and critically analysed.Results: Eight major themes emerged from the literature surveyed. These included access to education, difficulties faced by girls, racism, infrastructure problems in poor and rural schools, child-headed households, education during COVID-19, food security and the absence of career guidance in low-income schools.Conclusion: In light of South Africa’s difficult history, and the fact that it is 27 years after the fall of apartheid, the state of South Africa’s education system is not conducive to education and promoting career development in young people. More attention needs to be given to education in poorer communities, and government needs to be held accountable.
Influence of Wildlife Crop Raiding on Subsistence Farmers’ Food Security Adjacent to Hluhluwe Game Reserve, South Africa
Authors: Raphela Tlou D. , Pillay Neville
Published: May 2021

Worldwide, subsistence farmers have expressed concerns about food shortage due to crop raiding by wildlife. We investigated the effects of crop-raiding on homestead food security of subsistence farmers on the edge of the Hluhluwe Game Reserve, South Africa. We collected data through field inspections of farms and questionnaire surveys. The dietary diversity of larger homesteads (6-8 people) was potentially reduced due to the higher number of crops lost. Larger households were more vulnerable to food insecurity as compared to smaller households (3-5 people). Generally, crop damage resulted in ZAR 2,427/annum (about USD 180.71) potential loss in income, reducing homestead income by 16.18%, and this effect was greater for larger compared to smaller homesteads. Our results suggest that larger homesteads are more prone to food insecurity than smaller homesteads in a rural subsistence farming community.
MURDER AND DRUG TRAFFICKING SPATIAL DEPENDENCE
Authors: Faria Antonio Hot Pereira de , Alves Diego Filipe Cordeiro
Published: May 2021

This paper analyzes the correlation between drug trafficking and homicides in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais - Brazil, to identify the spatial relationship between these phenomena in the urban environment. Based on data from the police reports in the period of 2007 to 2016, the spatial patterns of these criminal typologies and their spatial association were evaluated. The data were grouped on a 500-meter square grid, showing the main hot spots for the two types of crimes, as well as their recurrence. To complement the analysis, an indicator was proposed based on the assumptions of Ousey and Lee (2002), who describe the pre-existing social conditions for the relationship between drug trafficking and homicides to be established. From the methodology adopted, it was possible to verify the spatial association between the two criminal classifications, as well as the tendency for clusters of cells with a high incidence of crimes to be formed. There was also an association between the empirical data and those regions of the city where the pre-existing social conditions that encourage the association between drug trafficking and homicides are present, reinforcing the idea that the illegal drug market is a contingent cause of lethal violence. Keywords: Violence. Homicide, Drug Trafficking, Spatial Analysis, Spatial correlation.
TOURISTIC REFUNCTIONALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF OLD HAVANA
Authors: González María Karla Hernández , Paes Maria Tereza Duarte
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the tourist refunctionalization of the Old Town of Old Havana was marked by two fundamental events: the declaration of the Center and the city's defensive system to Cultural Heritage of Humanity (UNESCO), in 1982, a fact that conferred international visibility to the group and the governmental decision to develop cultural tourism in this area. Since 1993, making the historic area attractive for commercialization, a fact that aggravated the socio-spatial contradictions. Through bibliographic review, documentary research and analysis of empirical results, we evaluate the renewal of the urban landscape, the displacement of a part of the low-income population, the arrival of the Cuban middle classes and the revaluation, even if informal, of the houses. These facts point to the existence of an emerging gentrification process in the Historic Center of Old Havana. Keywords: cultural heritage, touristic refunctionalization, historical center, Old Havana
WORLD GEOGRAPHY OF JOKES
Authors: Thery Herve
Published: May 2021

Jokes between countries are useful to reveal the ethnotypes existing in each of them, to represent them in cartographic form allows to perceive their distribution and the spatial projection of mockery: who are we laughing at, who are the scapegoats for the inhabitants of each country? Based on the analysis of an ad hoc database covering more than 60% of the countries and territories of the world and 90% of its population, the text shows that these jokes are social constructions, have a temporality and are divided basically in two categories, from top to bottom and from bottom to top. Keywords: jokes, ethnotypes, social construction, stupidity, arrogance
CONTROVERSIES AND TRANSITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Théry Neli de Mello ThéryNeli de Mello , Caron Patrick
Published: May 2021

Science does not progress without controversy as well the societies. In this article, this approach is privileged, aiming to analyze whether they can hinder or speed up the agricultural and food, environmental and sanitary transitions necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It begins with an alert to the past development model and the limits of the planet, highlighting some themes and forms of action chosen by international institutions and / or scientist’s networks. Then, we selected some controversies and their arguments, related to environmental issues and the evolution of food systems. In the subsequent item, its actors and five sub controversies sought to highlight the difficulties for the transition to circular systems, considered as a vector of sustainability. It is concluded that controversies can block advances for transitions, being essential the design of methods, criteria and indicators for a better understanding of oppositions, as well as the need to include both themes and new approaches in research agendas.
Case Report: Barotrauma in COVID-19 Case Series
Authors: Sami Ramin , Sereshti Nafiseh
Published: May 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can cause pulmonary complications, such as increased risk of barotrauma (BT), but its prevalence and risk factors are not known. In this case series, the course of BT and its related risk factors were discussed in patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Medical records of the patients with COVID-19 and BT and hospitalized in the intensive care unit for 5 months were extracted. The course of BT and its possible associated risk factors are descriptively presented. Among 103 patients with COVID-19 who were intubated, 13 patients (12.6%) had BT. One patient developed BT before intubation. All patients with BT were male. Half of them developed BT in the first 5 days of intubation. Eight patients (61.53%) had a positive culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nine patients (69.9%) died. High positive end-expiratory pressure, coinfection with bacterial pneumonia, and history of lung disease may affect BT incidence. The treatment team should increase their upervision on the ventilator setting, especially in the first week of intubation.
Trends and Determinants of Small Birth Weight in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Ayantu Kebede  , Alemi Kebede  , Sena Belina  , Yonas Biratu
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Globally, Low Birth Weight (LBW) prevalence is estimated to be 14.6%. It is a major cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite extensive institution-based studies in Ethiopia, there is no comprehensive study using countrywide data. Thus, this study aimed to investigate trends and determinants of Small Birth Weight (SBW) among under-five children in Ethiopia.METHODS: Under-five children data from 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) were used. However, only 2787 children were weighed at birth and used for analysis in this study. Descriptive statistics and the logistic regression model were used to determine trends and determinants of SBW respectively.RESULTS: The prevalence of SBW increased from 7.0% (95% CI; 3.1-10.0) to 13.2% (95% CI; 11.4-15.0) between 2000 and 2016. The odds of SBW increased by being a female child (AOR 1.50; 95% CI [1.07-2.09]), mother’s with partner occupation of agriculture (AOR 1.54; 95% CI [1.05-2.26]) and mothers who did not know their partner’s occupation (AOR 7.35; 95% CI [1.96-27.48]). However, infants born to mothers with primary (AOR 0.43;95% CI [0.29-0.65]), secondary (AOR 0.30; 95% CI [0.16-0.55]) and higher (AOR 0.55; 95% CI [0.31-0.97]) educational status versus no education and grandmultiparous mothers (OR 0.39; 95% CI [0.19-0.78]) versus primiparous had lower odds of SBW.CONCLUSION: In Ethiopia, during the survey period, there was an increment in prevalence of SBW, and maternal related factors were significant determinants. Therefore, empowering mothers through education and improving the socioeconomic status of the household can be one strategy to reduce SBW.
Readiness of Primary Hospitals in Providing Neonatal Intensive Care Services in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemariam Segni Abawollo  , Zergu Tafesse Tsegaye  , Binyam Fekadu Desta  , Ismael Ali Beshir
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ The Ethiopian neonatal mortality has not shown much progress over the years. In light of this, the country has introduced interventions such as the utilization of newborn corners and neonatal intensive care units to avert preventable neonatal deaths. This study was conducted to assess readiness of primary hospitals in providing neonatal intensive care services.METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study design was employed where data were collected using both prospective and retrospective techniques using a format adapted from national documents. SPSS version 25 was used for data entry and analysis using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Data were collected from 107 of 113 (94.7%) primary hospitals due to inaccessibility of some primary hospitals. The minimum national standard requirement of a level one neonatal intensive care unit for infrastructure was met by 63% (68/107) and 44% (47/107) had fulfilled the requirements for kangaroo mother care units. The average number of neonatal intensive care unit trained nurses per primary hospital was 2.6, 0.8 for general practitioners and 2.9 support staff; all of which is less than the minimum recommended national standard. The minimum national requirement for medical equipment and renewables for primary hospital level was fulfilled by 24% (26/107) of the hospitals, 65% (70/107) for essential laboratory tests, and 87% (93/107) for clinical services and procedures. The average number of admissions during the six months prior to the data collection was 87.2 sick newborns per facility with a ‘discharged improved’ rate of 71.5%, referral out rate of 18.4% and level one neonatal intensive care unit death rate of 6.6%. The remaining newborns had either left against medical advice or were still undergoing treatment during data collection.CONCLUSIONS: The overall readiness of primary hospitals to deliver neonatal intensive care services in terms of infrastructure, human resource, medical equipment, and laboratory tests was found to be low. There is a need to fill gaps in infrastructure, medical equipment, renewables, human resource, laboratory reagents, drugs and other supplies of neonatal intensive care units of primary hospitals to garner better quality of service delivery.
Effect of Community-Based Functional Aerobic Training on Motor Performance and Quality of Life of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Osei Evans Owusu Ansa  , Kwadwo Wisdom Mprah  , Monday Omoniyi Moses  , Isaac Owusu  , Enoch Acheampong
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Efficacies of community-based exercise programmes have been well reported, but there is scarce information on the expediency of community-based rehabilitation in a society where many children with disabilities live in poorly resourced settings with extremely limited rehabilitative services. This study investigated the effects of community-based functional aerobic exercise (CBFAE) on gross motor function, walking distance, and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy (CP).METHODS: Quasi-experimental design was used. Children with gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels I – II participated in eight weeks CBFAE training four times/week, 50 minutes/day at 40-80% maximum heart rate. Gross motor function (GMF), walking distance and quality of life were assessed pre and post CBFAE training.RESULTS: Significant improvement was observed in GMF (Dstanding) (8.2%, P=.000), GMF (E-walking + running+ jumping (5.12%, P=.004), walking distance (6.09%, P=.009). Higher significant positive effects of CBFAE were observed in Social wellbeing and acceptance (107.10%, P=.000), and participation and physical health (105.04%, P=.005) by children parent proxy. Self-reported results showed that for CBFAE, significant positive improvements were higher in pain and impact of disability (67.93%, P=.049) and participation and physical health (60.00%, P=.042).CONCLUSION: CBFAE training contributes majorly to improved standing, walking, jumping and running and selfesteem, quality of life of children with spastic CP. Clinicians and exercise therapists should essentially incorporate CBFAE training and activities into the management of children with CP for improved mobility and functional performances.
Clinical Manifestations and Characterization of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series
Authors: Pirouz Samidoust  , Hamed Nikoupour  , Hossein Hemmati  , Aryan Samidoust
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ This systematic review is conducted to explore available information on clinical presentations, laboratory finding and outcomes of SARS-COV-2 in liver transplant patients.METHODS: We searched four databases for relevant terms related to COVID-19 and liver transplantation and collected both case reports and case series on liver transplantation published up to the end of September 2020.RESULTS: After initial screening of irrelevant articles, 25 studies were included and analyzed in this review. Among the 59 patients included,78.3% were over 50 years old, and 71.6% were males. The majority of patients (93.3%) were hospitalized. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (72.9%) followed by dyspnea and cough (54.2%). The majority of patients revealed a high level of CRP (64.3%). Moreover, high level ALT, AST and ALP were reported in 64.3, 37.5, 30.5 and 22.2% of patients. A total, 9(15.3%), of cases died as a result of complications of COVID-19. Chest radiographs were reported in 72.9%(43/59) of cases that 94% demonstrated radiologic evidence of abnormality.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the most prevalent symptoms and signs were fever, dyspnea and cough. Moreover, most patients were males and hospitalized. The rate of mortality and high level of CRP, ALT/AST and ALP is similar within the non-immune suppressed and general population. However, early detection of high level of serum CRP, ALT/AST and ALP combined with a clinical COVID-19 symptom and finding of CT scan may be used as an index for the presence and severity of the disease.
Towards A New Tourism Approach: Bafa (Latmos) Geotourism Area
Authors: DERİNÖZ Bekir
Published: May 2021

When required by the tourism value of natural and cultural resources evaluated in terms of Turkey has significant advantages. These advantages of the country have not been used sufficiently until today and mass tourism has generally dominated. Geotourism, which emerged at the end of the 20th century, is important in terms of using these advantages and coming to the fore in the world market. Bafa Lake and the surrounding area (Latmos Heraklia) is one of these advantageous areas in Turkey. Aim of the study in southwest Turkey, in Muğla province of the located Bafa Lake and its surroundings, including to identify geotourism resource values, to determine how it can be used in the context geotourism these values and to discuss the existing problems in this regard. For this purpose, literature studies on both the field and the subject were carried out, and field studies lasting 3 years were carried out at intervals in the field. Research has shown that findings obtained at the end of Bafa Lake and the surrounding area has scarce resource values of geotourism in Turkey. The geological and geomorphological structure of the area creates an extraordinary appearance, making the area quite unique in terms of geotourism. This geographical character of the area can be strengthened with the locality element and the sense of place, and the area can be transformed into a geotourism destination. The historical past of the area is as rich and diverse as its geological history. Even in antiquity, the world-renowned area has given many historical and cultural heritage as a present. This heritage is intertwined with the geological structure of the region and has a unique character. Geotourism represents an approach that the area needs in terms of maintaining and preserving this character.