bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation de la végétation de la forêt dense de Kigwena et de la forêt claire de Rumonge au Burundi
Authors: Hakizimana Paul , Bangirinama Frédéric , Masharabu Tatien , Habonimana Bernadette , De Cannière Charles , Bogaert Jan
Published: February 2018

L'objectif principal de cette étude est de décrire l'hétérogénéité spatiale de la végétation des forêts de Kigwena et de Rumonge au Burundi à travers l'identification et la caractérisation des groupements végétaux en présence. Cette étude met également en évidence l'organisation sociologique de la végétation des deux forêts et contribue à élargir les connaissances phytosociologiques qui restent encore fragmentaires sur la végétation des écosystèmes forestiers du Burundi. Les analyses sont basées sur les données issues de 23 relevés phytosociologiques réalisés à travers les faciès de la forêt de Kigwena et de mesures du diamètre à hauteur de poitrine dans 12 transects tracés dans la forêt de Rumonge. Quatre et trois groupements végétaux ont été respectivement individualisés, caractérisés et classés dans les taxons supérieurs (classe, ordre et alliance). Dans la forêt de Kigwena, la typologie de la végétation obéit à un gradient d'humidité et d'anthropisation et l'effet lisière marque nettement la diversité biologique des groupements végétaux. Mais, dans la forêt de Rumonge, l'hétérogénéité des faciès de végétation correspondrait aux phénomènes de dégradation localisée dans un même fond floristique.
Potentialités agroforestières et socioéconomiques d'une liane non conventionnelle : Tetracarpidium conophorum (Müll.Arg.) Hutch. & Dalz au Cameroun
Authors: Tafokou Jiofack René Bernadin , Lejoly Jean , Tchoundjeu Zacharie , Guedje Nicole Marie
Published: February 2018

La valorisation des produits forestiers locaux est entravée faute de connaissances précises sur leur potentiel et de pouvoir évaluer leur impact sur l'économie nationale. En outre, le manque de connaissances sur la disponibilité des produits des arbres agroforestiers (Paaf) au sein de leur biotope ne permet pas d'élaborer une planification fiable pouvant assurer une gestion durable des produits forestiers non ligneux (Pfnl) et ainsi contribuer à combattre la pauvreté. Une enquête menée dans le département du Mbam et Inoubou, région du centre du Cameroun révèle que les potentialités agroforestières de la liane conophor, Tetracarpidium conophorum, ne sont pas négligeables. Cette liane est considérée être une importante espèce associée aux formations agroforestières de cacao. Au regard des résultats obtenus, elle s'avère être abondante au sein des agroforêts, couramment plantée et exploitée et peut ainsi faire partie du système d'exploitation/ valorisation, en vue d'améliorer les revenus des ménages aux niveaux local, national et même régional. Les enquêtes socio-économiques conduites dans le cadre de ce travail révèlent que la commercialisation des produits issus de cette liane fournit d'estimables revenus. De ce fait, un effort devrait être consenti par les différents acteurs concernés pour améliorer la distribution de ces produits, en fournissant un maximum d'informations. Ce faisant, la promotion de la noix de conophor, de l'huile extraite et d'autres nouveaux produits serait assurée par intégration dans la chaîne du commerce national, voire international.
L'imagerie LiDAR montre que les forêts les plus hautes comportent des tiges plus élancées
Authors: Vincent Grégoire , Caron F. , Sabatier Damien , Blanc Lilian
Published: February 2018

Une opération de balayage laser aéroporté à haute densité a permis de modéliser la hauteur du couvert forestier d'un site expérimental en forêt néotropicale (à Paracou en Guyane française). La hauteur des arbres individuels a été calculée par segmentation manuelle des houppiers sur le modèle numérique de canopée et extraction de la hauteur maximale locale du couvert forestier. Trois cent quatrevingt- seize estimations de hauteur d'arbres dominants ou émergents ont été mises en relation avec les données de terrain correspondantes pour les diamètres des tiges échantillonnées sur deux placettes de hauteur moyenne différente (28,1 m et 31,3 m). Les résultats montrent une corrélation positive et très significative entre l'élancement des tiges et la hauteur moyenne du couvert à l'échelle des placettes. La même corrélation apparaît à l'échelle des peuplements des trois essences suffisamment échantillonnées. Il est possible de conclure qu'une stratification selon la hauteur du couvert est à recommander dans le calcul de relations allométriques afin d'éviter les biais dans les estimations de biomasse aérienne.
Un modèle de croissance pour l'azobé, Lophira alata, au Gabon
Authors: Engone Obiang Nestor Laurier , Ngomanda Alfred , White Lee , Jeffery Kathryn J. , Chézeaux Eric , Picard Nicolas
Published: February 2018

L'azobé, Lophira alata, est un important bois d'oeuvre d'Afrique centrale classé vulnérable dans la liste rouge de l'UICN. Bien que de nombreuses mesures de croissance aient été faites pour cette espèce, aucun modèle de croissance ne semble exister actuellement. L'objectif de ce travail était de faire la part, dans la croissance de l'azobé, entre l'effet de la taille de l'arbre et celui de la compétition locale. Un modèle de croissance a été ajusté pour l'azobé en utilisant les données de quatre sites de mesures au Gabon. Ce modèle de croissance a été conçu pour être utile à l'aménagement forestier, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne repose que sur des variables qui peuvent être calculées à partir des données d'inventaire forestier. Un modèle log-normal avec une réponse négative à la densité du peuplement et à sa surface terrière a été sélectionné. La relation entre la croissance et la taille de l'arbre était unimodale avec un maximum à 60 cm de diamètre à hauteur de poitrine. Un effet résiduel significatif du statut social de l'arbre a été trouvé (avec une croissance plus lente pour les arbres dominés) tandis qu'aucun effet résiduel du site n'a été trouvé.
Stratégie de pâturage d'une population d'éléphants en saison sèche : le cas du parc de Zakouma au Tchad
Authors: Poilecot Pierre , Saidi Slim , Daget Philippe
Published: February 2018

Les peuplements riches en Acacia seyal des savanes du Sud-Est du Tchad constituent en saison sèche l'une des principales ressources alimentaires pour la population d'éléphants du parc national de Zakouma. Sous forme de mosaïques plus au moins denses, ces formations arborées constituent un complément de nutrition indispensable pour l'équilibre alimentaire de ces grands herbivores. Dans cette note, il ne s'agit pas d'estimer le potentiel de ces savanes en pâturage aérien disponible vis-à-vis des éléphants du parc, mais d'identifier grâce à une approche spatiale les surfaces qui s'avèrent déterminantes ou marginales pour leur alimentation. Ainsi l'imagerie satellitaire a permis d'établir des valeurs quantitatives et spatiales de cette ressource végétale dont l'utilisation n'apparaît pas être liée à la qualité alimentaire ou à l'appétence, mais le résultat de divers facteurs physiques et édaphiques concomitants que sont la permanence du réseau hydrique et le seuil de densité supérieur à 400 arbres à l'hectare limitant l'accès des troupeaux en saison sèche.
THE ROLE OF BUSHMEAT IN URBAN HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION: INSIGHTS FROM BANGUI, THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Fargeot Christian , Drouet-Hoguet Nolwenn , Le Bel Sébastien
Published: February 2018

In the Congo Forest Basin, hunting provides a major source of protein for rural household consumption. In the context of increasing urbanisation, an understanding of bushmeat consumption in urban settings is needed to both address food security issues and design biodiversity conservation strategies. This paper provides insights into bushmeat con- sumption patterns in Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, through an analysis of household expenditures and market prices. A survey of approximately 4,000 households combined with 3 years (2005-2008) of mar- ket price monitoring was used to estimate the consumption of bushmeat and alternative proteins. The results showed the presence of a diverse range of animal proteins on the Ban- gui market, including meat from domestic and wild animals. The taxonomic composition of the bushmeat mainly included common, sed- entary wildlife species that are highly resilient to hunting pressure, while protected species were rarelyobserved. The householdconsump- tion survey showed that 54% of daily meals contained beef, 35% contained fish and 19% contained bushmeat. Fish and bushmeat con- sumption decreased in the rainy season, and caterpillar consumption increased. Smoked proteins (bushmeat, fish), were cheaper than all fresh meat except for caterpillars. The con- sumption of proteins and bushmeat increased with wealth; fresh proteins were consumed more by wealthy consumers, while smoked bushmeat was consumed by the poorest. Total consumption of protein and bushmeat was highest in rich households, but the rela- tive proportion of bushmeat in the total pro- tein intake was highest for poor households. Overall, the results confirm the importance of bushmeat in the diet of urban consumers, especially in poor households. However, the patterns of consumption suggest that bush- meat is less popular than alternatives, which may potentially limit an increase in bushmeat consumption, particularly if cheaper, alterna- tive meat can be made available.
Self Efficacy on Work at Government Agencies in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Machmud Senen
Published: February 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy towards work perception and job satisfaction. The population of this study is the employees of government agencies in Bandung, Indonesia. The total samples are 117 employees with purposive sampling technique. This study uses Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for analyzing the data. The results showed that self-efficacy significantly influences the work perception and job satisfaction. Moreover, it is found that work perception has a significant effect on job satisfaction. It shows that the level of self-efficacy can increase the work perception and job satisfaction. It indicates that the high level of self-efficacy will be a positive influence on the behavior of employees in conducting their duties so that it can increase their job satisfaction.
The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Inflation and Trade Openness: An Analysis for Fragile Five Countries
Authors: Koç Yurtkur Asuman , Bahtiyar Bersu
Published: February 2018

Energy is one of the most important dynamics of economic growth all over the world. Specially developing countries are in need of much more enery to provide economic growth. In this study, the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, inflation and trade openness is exaimined by using structural VAR model for fragile five countries which have similar characteristics in terms of macroeconomic indicators. The analysis carried out with annual data that contains 1971-2013 period for fragile countries which contains of Turkey, South Africa, India, Indonesia and Brazil. According to the empirical results of the study, shocks that emerged in economic growth affect energy consumption positively but decreasingly in all countries. A substantial part of changes in energy consumption are explaned with economic growth in Turkey, India and Brazil. More than 80 percent of changes in energy consumption arise from energy consumption in South Africa and Indonesia.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF XANTHONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE STEAM BARK OF Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Elfita Elfita , Pertiwi Emil
Published: February 2018

A compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark Garcinia picrorrhiza. The extraction was conducted by maseration. Separation and purification were done by chromatography method. The structure of compound was established using UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacteria activity of the isolated compound was tested by paper disk difusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)   value was determined by using well difusion method examined against bacteria Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus. The isolated compound was a yellow solids (43.8 mg) with melting point 171 – 172 oC. Based on spectroscopy data compared with data from the literature, the isolated  compound is a known compound of oxygenated xanthone group with structure 1,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(3methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone. The compound exhibited an antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis only with MIC of 62.5 µg/mL.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Fe2O3 NANOPARTICLES USING Averrhoa bilimbi AS BIOMATERIAL CHELATING AGENT FOR NANOFLUIDS APPLICATION
Authors: Hardian Arie , Ramadhiany Alvi Aristia , Syarif Dani Gustaman , Budiman Senadi
Published: February 2018

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) in sol-gel synthesis. The obtained Fe2O3 NPs was then used as material for preparation of Fe2O3-water nanofluids. Nanofluids is a mixture between basic fluid like water and 1 - 100 nm solid particles (nanoparticles). Nanoparticles of Fe2O3 have been synthesized from the local mineral Jarosite using sol-gel method by using starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) extracts as the chelating agent. The calcination temperature was then varied from 500 ºC to 700 ºC for 5 hours. Based on the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, the diffraction pattern of obtained Fe2O3 was relevant with the JCPDS data No. 33-0664 for α-Fe2O3 with hexagonal crystallite system. The crystallite size (Scherrer’s Equation) of obtained α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles at calcination temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 ºC and 700 ºC was 50 nm, 48 nm and 40 nm, respectively. The Surface Area of Fe2O3 NPs at temperature of 500 ºC, 600 ºC and 700 ºC was 45.45 m2/g; 26.91 m2/g and 17.51 m2/g, respectively. Fe2O3-water nanofluids was relativly stable with zeta potential of -39.60 mV; -46.37 mV and -41.57 mV, respectively for 500 ºC, 600 ºC and 700 ºC calcination temperature. The viscosity of Fe2O3-water nanofluids was higher than the viscosity of water. The critical heat flux (CHF) value of water-Fe2O3 nanofluids was higher than the CHF water. The highest CHF value for nanofluids was obtained by using α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with calcination temperature of 600 ºC which 34.99 % of increment compare to the base fluid (water).
Pelarutan Selektif Tembaga dari Limbah Printed Circuit Board dengan Hidrogen Peroksida
Authors: Wardani Gatut Ari , Alfanaar Rokiy , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: February 2018

Pelarutan selektif tembaga dari limbah printed circuit board (PCB) telah berhasil dilakukan. Logam tembaga yang terkandung di dalam papan PCB dapat dipisahkan menggunakan campuran hidrogen peroksida dan asam sulfat dengan variasi perbandingan volume 0 : 1, 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1, dan 5 : 1. Pemisahan optimal dilakukan dengan sistem perendaman selama 3 hari dengan campuran H2O2/H2SO4 = 3 : 1 (v/v). Jumlah tembaga yang terkandung di dalam papan PCB dianalisis menggunakan X-ray fluorescense. Tembaga yang terkandung di dalam PCB sebesar 57,7%. Pelarutan selektif dapat menurunkan kadar tembaga sehingga tembaga yang masih tersisa adalah sebesar 7,7 x 10-4 %. Penurunan kadar tembaga yang terkandung di dalam PCB mencapai 99,999%. Analisis spektrometri serapan atom dilakukan untuk mengetahui jumlah tembaga yang terlarut yaitu sebesar 25,415 mg/kg PCB.

Leaching of Copper from Printed Circuit Board Waste with Hydrogen Peroxide. Leaching of copper from printed circuit board (PCB) waste has been successfully performed. The copper metal contained in the PCB can be separated using a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid with a variation of volume ratio is 0 : 1, 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1, and 5 : 1. Optimal separation is carried out by the immersion system for 3 days using H2O2/H2SO4 = 3:1 (v/v). The amount of copper contained in the PCB was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence. The copper contained in the printed circuit board is 57.7%. The leaching process can decrease the copper content so that the remaining copper is 7.7 x 10-4%. The decrease of copper content contained in PCB reaches 99.999%. Analysis of atomic absorption spectrometry was conducted to determine the amount of dissolved copper that is 25.415 mg/kg PCB.
Effects of Drought on Crop Production and Cropping Areas in Texas
Authors: Ray Ram L. , Fares Ali , Risch Eric
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Drought causes significant yield reductions both for rainfed and irrigated crops.

Drought can have impact on cropping areas and crop yield.

Changing crop types can be used to cope with drought challenges during drought periods.

Increased crop yield is required to meet the needs of future population growth, but drought causes significant yield reductions for rainfed and irrigated crops. This study evaluates the impact of drought on crop yield and cropping area over 10 climate zones in Texas from 2008 to 2016. It also depicts the spatiotemporal distribution of crop yield and cropping area changes at each climate zone across the state. We analyzed the impact of drought on crop yields and cropping areas before and after the 2011 severe drought using annual crop yields of four major crops. Results show that drought had a greater impact on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) and lesser impact on cotton (Gossypium spp.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production across Texas. Cotton and corn hectarages were reduced during the drought period and increased after that, whereas winter wheat hectarage was reduced in the northern climate zones and increased in the southern climate zones before the drought. Results also indicate that drought impact on crop production may be reduced by replacing water‐demanding crops such as corn with drought‐tolerant crops such as sorghum and expanding irrigation hectarage during drought periods. It may be beneficial for Texas agricultural production to increase the hectarage of sorghum and other grains especially during drought periods. This study provides valuable information that can be used to adopt appropriate measures to cope with future drought challenges in drought‐prone regions.
Development of a Soil Water Movement Model for the Superabsorbent Polymer Application
Authors: Liao Renkuan , Yang Peiling , Wang Zhenhua , Wu Wenyong , Ren Shumei
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Unstable effects on soil were quantified to obtain time‐varying soil hydraulic parameters.

Richards' equation was modified to include the time variable t to simulate soil water movement.

Root water uptake was considered in the soil‐water movement model as affected by the SAP.

A numerical solution was obtained for root water uptake in soil where SAP was applied.

Results guide models of soil change from functional exogenous substances used in soil–crop systems.

In dry land farming, the use of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can improve rain‐water use efficiency for its unique characteristic of repeatedly absorbing rainfall and slowly releasing it to crop; however, this characteristic creates challenges in modeling water movement in soils after SAPs are applied. A series of experiments were conducted in both the laboratory and the field in an attempt to (i) study the unstable effects of SAP on soil hydraulic parameters and crop root growth; and (ii) determine variation in soil hydraulic parameters after an SAP is applied. A specific model was developed to simulate soil water movement for application of SAPs. In this model, as the unsaturated diffusivity was reduced by 1.2 to 76.6% over the time of SAP application, the time variable t was included in the Richards equation to obtain the time‐varying soil hydraulic parameters. The moisture content of soil layers applied with an SAP was increased by 5.5 to 14.1% after each irrigation event; meanwhile, SAPs enhanced the rate of root water uptake (RWU) to effectively use water. Model validation indicated positive effects of time‐varying soil hydraulic parameters on simulating soil water movement in soils where SAP was applied, and the simulated values had good agreement with measured values. Patterns of water movement in soil layers where SAPs were applied were accurately simulated. The findings of this study provide important guidance for modeling soil water movement when any functional substances are added to soil.
Modeling Soil–Water–Disease Interactions of Flood‐Irrigated Mandarin Orange Trees: Role of Root Distribution Parameters
Authors: Peddinti Srinivasa Rao , Kambhammettu B.V.N.P. , Ranjan Shashi , Suradhaniwar Saurabh , Badnakhe Mrunalini R. , Adinarayana J. , Gade R.M.
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Soil–water–disease interactions were analyzed using field and numerical studies.

ERT was able to image the soil moisture front separated by active roots.

HYDRUS overpredicted RWU from diseased trees, requiring a compensation mechanism.

Parameters defining the root distribution were optimized considering plant health.

Variably saturated flow models that simulate soil–water–plant interactions within the rhizosphere largely ignore the effect of plant health. This makes it difficult for them to effectively simulate root water uptake (RWU) and implement alternate management practices for diseased trees. This research was aimed at understanding the hydrological and plant controls on RWU simulations dominated by the health of the tree using experimental and numerical frameworks. Two research plots, one around a healthy mature and the other around a diseased mature (Phytophthora spp. affected) orange tree (Citrus reticulate Blanco), in the Vidarbha region of India were considered for our analysis. Three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) performed at the two locations revealed that the soil moisture profiles following irrigation are different between the two plots. A two‐dimensional axisymmetric form of Richards' equation was then solved using HYDRUS (2D/3D) by incorporating a root distribution function. A global sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the root distribution parameters that influence soil moisture simulations. These parameters were then optimized using a genetic algorithm for healthy and diseased conditions. We observed that the diseased orange tree had consumed less water, leaving high soil moisture in the rhizosphere, a condition favorable for the further growth of disease‐causing fungi. Hence, managing irrigation water in accordance with RWU patterns is essential for diseased trees. To understand the error propagation in RWU estimation, we simulated RWU from a diseased tree with the optimal parameters derived for a healthy case. Results show that the error in estimating RWU from the model cells progressively increases with radial distance and soil depth.
Development of a Scale to Evaluate Virtual Learning Environment Satisfaction
Authors: HAMUTOGLU Nazire Burcin , GEMİKONAKLİ Orhan , SAVASCİ Merve , GULTEKİN Gozde Sezen
Published: February 2018

Recent advances in information and communication
technologies (ICT) have resulted in improvements in the delivery of education.
It is a well-known fact that learning
technologies currently have a pivotal role in education. Amongst them, Virtual
Learning Environments (VLEs) are widely used in education. The role of VLEs in
improving quality and interaction in education as well as enabling better
achievement through the use of a wealth of activities in teaching and learning
is widely reported in the literature. However, there is a gap regarding the
development of measurement instruments, especially in the Turkish context.
Therefore, this study reports the development of a scale to evaluate students’
satisfaction with respect to the use of VLEs in educational settings to address
this gap. The dimensions of the scale are contribution (CONT), satisfaction
(SAT), and communication (COM), and the scale is formed of 13 items. The sample
consists of students enrolled in the Department of Computer Education and
Instructional Technologies, studying on blended and face-to-face learning
programs. First, the reliability of the instrument was calculated by Cronbach
Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability correlation coefficient. The
Cronbach Alpha coefficients were found to be 0.87, 0.83, and 0.81 for CONT,
SAT, and COM sub-dimensions respectively. The overall reliability of the scale
was 0.92. EFA and CFA were conducted on the data collected from two different
sample groups (206 and 186 students for EFA and CFA respectively) for the
validity analyses of the scale. Results confirm that the scale is valid and
reliable. While the t-test analysis shows no significant difference between
gender groups, ANOVA revealed significant differences when year of study is
considered.
Evaluation of hydrodynamic characteristics of porous media from one-step outflow experiments using RETC code
Authors: Londra P. , Kargas G.
Published: February 2018

The ability of simulation models to accurately predict water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils usually depends on the accuracy of the parametric models used to describe the water retention curve θ(h) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity Κ(θ). Experiments were conducted to determine θ(h) and Κ(θ) relationships of six different porous media. θ(h) relationships were determined using Haines-type assembly or Richards' pressure cell chambers, depending on the soil type. K(θ) relationships were determined using the one-step outflow method. RETC code was used to analyze hydraulic properties. Experimental data were compared with those predicted by the Mualem-van Genuchten model using RETC for two prediction scenarios with three fitting parameters a, n, θr. The first scenario uses as input data the experimental θ(h) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) measurements and the second, the experimental θ(h), K(θ) and Ks measurements for two types of conductivity regression analysis. Concerning the second scenario, the Mualem model parameter p as an additional fitting parameter was also examined. Analysis of the results showed that the best method for predicting both the θ(h) and K(θ) relationships is to use simultaneously the experimental θ(h), K(θ) and Ks data with four fitting parameters a, n, θr, p.
Consumindo Paisagens: Patrimônio Cultural, Turismo e Enobrecimento Urbano no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Malta Eder
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo analisa o processo de patrimonialização da ci- dade do Rio de Janeiro como estratégia de política de interven- ção para o desenvolvimento econômico e para a sustentabilida- de urbana e do “ambiente cultural”. O processo decorre de um planejamento articulado à proteção e valorização da Paisagem Cultural, ao ordenamento dos espaços públicos e à recomposição internacional da identidade e da imagem urbana carioca. A me- todologia utilizada consistiu na análise de dossiês, na realização de observação direta e no uso de fotografias para apreensão das mudanças socioespaciais. A pesquisa mostrou como a orientação das intervenções em torno de práticas de consumo cultural e do turismo urbano tem implicado em transformações e conflitos em torno de sua paisagem e contrapaisagem, dado o ajustamento dos planos estratégicos à orientação mercadológica.
Egzegeza filozoficzna początku Genesis
Authors: Grabowski Marian
Published: February 2018

Interpretujemy symboliczne pojęcia z drugiego zdania Genesis za pomocą pojęć filozoficznych opisujących negacje bytu: „pustkowie” – nicość, „ciemność” – niemożliwość, „bezład” – chaos. Dyskutujemy możliwe zastosowania wyników takiej wykładni biblijnego tekstu w filozofii Boga i w metafizyce. Argumentujemy za tym, że w porządku metafizycznym, w którym traktuje się prawdopodobieństwo jako kategorię w sensie Arystotelesa, staje się ono odpowiednią interpretacją dla symbolu „oddzielenia światłości od ciemności”.
Wieloraka realizacja warunków doboru i jej konsekwencje
Authors: Chodasewicz Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

Tekst analizuje problem wielorakiej realizacji warunków doboru naturalnego: zmienności, reprodukcji i dziedziczności, przy czym główny nacisk położony zostaje na trzecią z wymienionych cech. Głównym celem prowadzonych analiz jest chęć pokazania, że możliwość wielorakiej realizacji doboru istniałaby nawet wówczas, gdyby pominąć argumenty z zakresu astrobiologii i sztucznego życia i skupić się wyłącznie na analizie genetyki znanych nam form życia.    Tekst omawia również konsekwencje powyższej konkluzji, wskazując jak teza o wielorakiej realizacji warunków doboru wpływa na rozważania o takich zagadnieniach, jak: redukcjonizm w biologii, definiowanie życia, badania dotyczące epigenetyki oraz autonomia biologii. Zaznaczone zostaje także jej znaczenie dla badań nad poziomami selekcji i wielkimi przełomami ewolucji (major transitions in evolution).
A Clinical Study on Pravahika through Vasti and Kutaja Parpati
Authors: Hullur Mohammad Yaseen , S. Prashanth A. , R. Anjaikannan C.
Published: February 2018

The disease Pravahika is a Swatantra Vyadhi as well as an Upadrava of Atisara. Acharya Charaka mentions it as a symptom in Kaphaja Atisara and as a Vastivyapat. Susruta and Madhavakara have first identified Pravahika as a distinctive disease. Vagbhata has also explained about Bimbishi, which is a synonym of Pravahika. In developing countries, the unhealthy environment or environmental hazards, unhealthy food habits and occupation plays an important role in creating serious problems. Among this, Amoebiasis is a common communicable infection of gastro-intestinal tract, which has a worldwide distribution. Amoebiasis results due to the infection by Entamoeba histolytica. It is estimated that >480 million people carry the infection in their intestinal tract and approximately 1/10th of infected people suffer from invasive Amoebiasis. It was estimated that in 2010 Amoebiasis accounted for about 55,000 death worldwide.[1] The objectives of the present study is to assess the efficacy of Sangrahi Vasti and Kutaja Parpati in the management of Pravahika (Intestinal Amoebiasis).
A Clinical study of Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani w.s.r. to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: . Mallikarjun , M. Channabasavanna B.
Published: February 2018

Grahani Roga described in classical text books of Ayurveda represents a group of disorders of digestive system caused by impairment of Agni. Grahani is such a disorder, where in its significance is emphasized by its inclusion among Ashtamaha Gadas. The cardinal features of Grahani explained in the clasical text books of Ayurveda, have at most similarities with the clinical features of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) explained in western medicine. A total of 15 patients were selected and treated with Erandamooladi Niruha Basti and Changeryadi Ghrita Anuvasana Basti, was given in Yoga Basti pattern according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. Special case proforma was designed and parameters were assessed. It showed highly significant results in all the parameters at the level of p less than 0.01.
Identity parameters on traditionally used Antiurolithiatic Herb - Scoparia Dulcis Linn.
Authors: Mallya Suma Venkatesh , Sasidharan Hima , Suchitra Prabhu , Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Scoparia dulcis Linn. locally known as Manithumbe Gida belongs to Scophularaceae family and used in medicine by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of urinary calculi. Materials and Methods: Matured plants are collected from Udupi district and authenticated. Macro-microscopic features, physico-chemical standards, HPTLC and secondary metabolites were recorded as per standard guidelines. Result: TS of leaf has shown the presence of mesophyll and bi-collateral vascular bundles. Outer cork tissue, a layer of cortex and conjoint collateral closed vascular bundles and central pith are inclusions of stem TS. Pitted and reticulate vessels are characteristic features of plant powder. Physico-chemical standards and presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannin and coumarins were indicative of its chemical nature. HPTLC fingerprints are a record of its different chemical constituents. Thus the quality monograph prepared on this drug beneficial in future research.
Imaginario del conocimiento de los docentes: fragmentación y parcelación en los procesos de enseñanza en la escuela
Authors: Vega Martínez Arney , Ortega Mejía David
Published: February 2018

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito comprender el imaginario del conocimiento que existe entre los docentes de grado 11º de las instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Montería, expresado en la concepción y manejo que se tiene de éste y que se refleja en cada uno de los procesos pedagógicos que en su cotidianidad se promueven. Este acercamiento se realizó desde una visión compleja del conocimiento como fenómeno y proceso, con el reconocimiento de la importancia del saber como una práctica que puede ser construida desde los discursos. La metodología utilizada se referencia desde el enfoque cualitativo de tipo etnográfico, a partir de la implementación de técnicas como la observación y la entrevista. Los instrumentos aplicados para la recolección de información fueron los protocolos de observación y los protocolos de entrevista. Para el análisis se utilizaron rejillas de análisis, que permitieron categorizar los resultados de la experiencia y llevar a cabo la triangulación teórica de las categorías de análisis que surgieron en el proceso investigativo. Entre las conclusiones más relevantes, se puede afirmar que el conocimiento como fenómeno se encuentra fragmentado en su proceso y parcelado en su tratamiento, esto último se reduce al nivel de información que recurre constantemente a la memoria (repaso y entrenamiento).Palabras claves: Imaginario, Conocimiento, Escuela, Información, Docente.AbstractThis research aimed at understanding the imaginary of knowledge that exists between teachers in 11th grade at educational institutions in Monteria city, expressed in the conception and management that this has and is reflected on each of the pedagogical processes promoted in their daily lives. The study adopted a complex view of knowledge as phenomenan and process, recognizing the importance of knowledge as a practice that can be constructed from speech. The methodology used comes from the qualitative approach of ethnographic type and is based on the implementation of techniques such as observation and interview. The instruments used for data collection were observation protocols and the interviews. For the analysis we used analysis grids provided by María Bertely Busquets (2000), which allowed to categorize the results of the experience and to carry out the theoretical triangulation of the categories that emerged in the process. Among the most relevant conclusions, it was found that knowledge as a phenomenon is fragmented in its process and parceled out in its treatment, the latter is reduced to the level of information that constantly resorts to memory (review and training).Keywords: Imaginary, Knowledge, School, Information, Teacher.
El proyecto de aula como estrategia didáctica en el marco de la enseñanza para la comprensión
Authors: Barrios Oviedo Lilia María , Chaves Silva Martha Abigail
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta resultados derivados del proyecto de investigación «El proyecto de aula como estrategia didáctica en el marco del modelo pedagógico enseñanza para la comprensión», que se realizó en la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad de Córdoba –SUE–CARIBE. El artículo tiene como propósito mostrar la incidencia de los proyectos de aula y del modelo pedagógico Enseñanza para la Comprensión (EpC) en la calidad educativa, en comunidades en condiciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad, en el Colegio Visión Mundial de Montería (Córdoba). La metodología se sustenta en el modelo de la investigación-acción con un enfoque cualitativo; asimismo, se encuentra motivada por la comprensión y transformación de los fenómenos sociales y no por la pretensión de comprobar verdades. El modelo pedagógico EpC y los proyectos de aula se han configurado por medio del reconocimiento y reconstrucción de las voces de los sujetos desde su propio contexto educativo y social, entendiendo que estos son capaces de contribuir a su propia formación y desarrollo a partir del autorreconocimiento. De igual manera, se asume como una apuesta de reconstrucción de lo humano en el marco de la complejidad de lo social. Así, la reflexión sobre la participación de la comunidad, mediada por el diálogo sobre el modelo pedagógico y el trabajo por proyectos, se ha venido convirtiendo en un pilar del proyecto educativo institucional (PEI).Palabras claves:comunidades vulnerables, enseñanza para la comprensión, enseñanza por proyectos, prácticas pedagógicas, proyectos de aula.AbstractThis article presents the results of the research project «The classroom project as a didactic strategy in the framework of the Teaching for Understanding» which was carried out in the M.A of Education at Universidad de Cordoba – SUE-CARIBE. The article aims to show the incidence of the classroom projects and the Teaching for Understanding pedagogical model (TfU) on the quality of education, in communities with poverty and vulnerability conditions at Colegio Visión Mundial in Montería, Cordoba. The methodology of the project is Action research and follows a qualitative paradigm. This is motivated by the comprehension and transformation of the social phenomena, rather than the attempt to look for truths. The model and the classroom projects have been set up through the recognition and reconstruction of the voices of the subjects from their own educational and social context, understanding that these can contribute to their training and development from the self-recognition. In the same way, they are assumed as an intent for reconstruction human in the framework of the complexity of the social. Thus, reflection about community participation, mediated by the dialogue about the pedagogical model and project work, has become a pillar of the institutional educative project (PEI).Keywords: vulnerable communities, teaching for understanding, teaching through projects, teaching practices, classroom projects.
Adesão aos cinco momentos de higienização das mãos em unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital pediátrico
Authors: Matia Graciele De , Ferreira Aline , Webler Jane Melissa , Silva Juliana Ollé Mendes da , Rozin Leandro
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a adesão dos profissionais de saúde nos cinco momentos da higienização das mãos nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital pediátrico por meio de informações obtidas no banco de dados da instituição. O método utilizado foi o exploratório, descritivo, de base documental e abordagem quantitativa, entre os profissionais que prestavam assistência aos pacientes. Foram incluídos os fisioterapeutas com maior adesão à Higienização das Mãos (HM), antes do contato com o paciente (100%). Os técnicos de enfermagem 138 de 312 (44,2%), médicos 55 de 172 (32%) e enfermeiros 42 de 135 (31,1%), foram os que menos realizaram a HM antes do contato com o paciente. Nota-se que a capacitação com a equipe multidisciplinar deve ser realizada continuamente com o intuito de conscientizar dos riscos e prevenir a infecção hospitalar que os pacientes estão expostos.
Praca charytatywna mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności na terenie Dolnego Śląska – raport z badań
Authors: Sokołowska Emilia
Published: February 2018

Artykuł poświęcony jest tematyce pracy charytatywnej mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności na terenie Okręgowego Inspektoratu Służby Więziennej we Wrocławiu. Celem jest przedstawienie znaczenia pracy charytatywnej oraz pokazanie możliwości jej wykorzystania w oddziaływaniach penitencjarnych na podstawie współpracy zakładów karnych ze społecznościami lokalnymi, z wyeksponowaniem jej wszechstronnego oddziaływania na osoby skazane. Głównym problemem badawczym jest oddziaływanie pracy charytatywnej na postawy mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności oraz jej wpływu na zaspokojenie ich potrzeb, zmianę wartości moralnych, podwyższenie samooceny, na motywację i zaangażowanie.
Timely News for the Multidisciplinary Care Team
Authors: Bingham Max
Published: February 2018

Welcome to Diabetes Spectrum’s first installment of Diabetes is Primary, a round-up of the latest diabetes developments for health care providers. In this issue, we take a look at radical weight loss for diabetes remission, Hong Kong’s diabetes risk assessment and management program, personalized A1C targets, and diabetes diagnoses. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) panel gives its verdict on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, and we learn how Medicare will soon pay for a diabetes prevention program.
Speaking for Nature: Hobbes, Latour, and the Democratic Representation of Nonhumans
Authors: Brown Mark B.
Published: February 2018

Environmental theorists have often considered how best to represent nature's interests. This essay develops an approach to the democratic representation of nonhuman nature by examining the relation between Bruno Latour’s account of representation and that of Thomas Hobbes. Both Hobbes and Latour develop a constructivist theory of representation as an ongoing process that partly constitutes what it represents. In this respect, Latour’s account complements the “constructivist turn” in recent democratic theory, and it suggests a promising avenue for representing nonhumans. However, Latour also follows Hobbes in viewing representation as a matter of unifying and replacing the represented. This aspect of Latour’s approach obscures certain key features of representative democracy in pluralist societies. The last part of the essay takes up an aspect of Hobbes’s theory neglected by Latour, the notion of “representation by fiction,” which suggests a way of representing nonhumans that offers more support for representative democracy than other approaches
Miesten parisuhteettomuuden yhteys hyvinvointiin
Authors: Kinnunen Anu , Kontula Osmo
Published: February 2018

Aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa on todettu parisuhteen vaikuttavan elämänlaatuun erityisesti miehillä. Parisuhteettomuuden valinnaisuudesta ei juuri puhuta ja ydinperheolettama elää vahvana. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, missä määrin miehet toivovat parisuhdetta ja miten parisuhteettomuus on yhteydessä miesten hyvinvointiin. Yksin eläviä mutta itselleen parisuhdetta toivovia miehiä verrattiin miehiin, jotka elävät yksin ilman parisuhdetoiveita ja parisuhteessa oleviin miehiin. Hyvinvointia tarkasteltiin kolmen eri ulottuvuuden avulla: onnellisuus, yksinäisyys ja psykosomaattiset oireet.

Tutkimus tehtiin kvantitatiivisin menetelmin, ja se perustuu Väestöliiton ja Helsingin yliopiston keräämään FINSEX-aineistoon vuosilta 1992, 1999, 2007 ja 2015. Aineistossa on 2797 iältään 25–64-vuotiasta miestä. Heistä joka kuudes elää ilman parisuhdetta. Tästä joukosta enemmistö toivoo itselleen parisuhdetta. Parisuhdetta itselleen toivovat miehet kokivat muita parisuhteettomia enemmän yksinäisyyttä. Heillä oli myös enemmän ylirasittuneisuutta, ahdistuneisuutta ja jännittyneisyyttä sekä painajaisunia kuin niillä parisuhteettomilla miehillä, jotka eivät toivoneet parisuhdetta. Parisuhdetta itselleen toivovat eivät kuitenkaan olleet merkitsevästi onnettomampia kuin muut parisuhteettomat. Kaikista vertailuryhmistä parhaiten voivat parisuhteessa olevat miehet.

Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että varsinaisen parisuhdetilanteen lisäksi hyvinvointiin vaikuttaa merkittävästi myös omat toiveet tilanteen suhteen. Tulosten perusteella näyttää myös, että miesten parisuhde toiveiden taustalla voi olla enemmän yksinäisyyden kokemuksen lievittämiseen kuin onnellisuuden tavoitteluun liittyviä motiiveja.
The features of career strategies for politically active youth of modern Russia
Authors:   Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sushko Pavel Evgenyevich
Published: February 2018

Based on a series of biographical interviews with modern Russian people, the study analyzes their career strategies and paths in political and administrative field. The research focuses on successful political models, factors of career advancement and the key channels of social mobility ensuring the youth integration into politics. The author describes the main stages of career development, analyzes changes in behavioral strategies and motivational attitudes of young managers. The research notes that the career mobility of politically active young people differs significantly from mobility of other social groups and is characterized by high competition, incomplete and undetermined requirements for young candidates, loyalty to existing intra-group standards, differentiated system of ways of integration into political area.
The concept of function of law in modern legal theory
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal University, Meshcheryakova Anzhela Valeryevna
Published: February 2018

The paper deals with defining and using the concept of function of law in modern legal theory. The crux of the matter is the number of significant shortcomings in understanding and using the law as a legal means to address social problems, the excessive legislative redundancy and the lack of adequate analysis and understanding of the function of law as one of the main types of legal instruments. In legal theory, the concept of function of law is not developed. To a large extent, the purpose of the law and the determination of its properties are explained by the category of standard and its derived static characteristics. The regulatory characteristic of the law should be supplemented by the identification of its functional properties reflecting the systematic and controlled process of making the legal opportunity into reality.
A comparative analysis of the historical process of urbanization in China and Russia
Authors: Erokhina Lyudmila Dmitrievna ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Сhjan Khai Lun ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, China and Russia face several urbanization obstacles. China suffers from the slow progress of urbanization and its incompatibility with the rapid economic development while urbanization in Russia has been stagnating in recent years. It is possible to determine common factors influencing the urbanization processes in both countries and contribute to its further development through a comparative analysis. The purpose of the study is to correlate different ways of urbanization in China and Russia and identify the reasons for different results. The research is based on a comparative approach providing a horizontal comparison of urbanization in two countries according to ways of urbanization, the role of governments in this process, urbanization problems and their solutions. The research considers the historical aspect of the urbanization in the countries under review. In the era of the USSR, there was a great shift from the agricultural society to the industrial one based on industrialization and the establishment of a planned economy. Urbanization reached a peak during the construction of the Soviet state while Chinese urbanization continued to exist after the construction of the Socialist state. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, urbanization slowed down. When the Chinese reforms were implemented and the open society was created due to industrialization and both services and banking capital promotion, the rate of urbanization was increased. The authors provide recommendations for urbanization development in Russia and China in the modern context.