bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution law for the danger area for spontaneous coal combustion in a dynamic goaf with low air leakage speed
Authors: Zuo Qiuling , Li Jingshan , Wang Yujie
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the relationship between the advancement of the working face and the distribution of spontaneous coal combustion under a low air leakage wind speed in a goaf. Based on the unsteady-state simulation method, the process of spontaneous coal combustion was simulated in a fully mechanized coal mining face at different advancing speeds. The relationship between different advancing speeds and the distribution area of the oxidation zone of spontaneous coal combustion in a goaf was clarified. A safe advancing speed was determined. Furthermore, the advancement of the working face altered the area of spontaneous high temperature inside the goaf. An increase in the advancing speed increased the length of time of spontaneous combustion in the leftover coal. An exponential relationship was demonstrated between the spontaneous combustion area and the advancement of the fully mechanized mining face. When the oxygen concentration was used as a calculation indicator, the width of the oxidation zone was asymmetrical on the inlet and outlet, and the advancing distance of the working surface increased when the distance was shorter than 90 m and the return side was smaller than the inlet side. When the advancing distance was longer than 90 m, the width of the spontaneous combustion oxidation zone distribution remained unchanged. The study clarified the relationship between the distribution of the danger area for spontaneous coal combustion and advancing speed. This could provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control technology of the spontaneous combustion of broken coal in a dynamic goaf.
Experimental study on the thermal damage characteristics of cement stone
Authors: Xu Feng , Qian Bowen , Tan Ling , Xu Jianqiang , Tang Shengchuan , Ren Qingyang , Hou Zhenkun
Published: October 2020

Aiming at the problem of cement ring sealing failure during deep high temperature shale gas exploitation, comprehensively considering the influence of the characteristics of multi-cluster fracturing of multiple horizontal wells and formation temperature, the cementing cement the southwest region is taken as the research object. After exposure to different temperatures (95?C and 135?C) and for different times (5, 10, and 20 times), axial and triaxial tests with different confining pressures (0, 5 MPa, 15 MPa, and 30 MPa) were carried out. The research shows that: the stress-strain curve of cement stone after heat treatment can be divided into four stages: compaction, elastic, yield, and post-peak stage; as the confining pressure increases, the compaction phase disappears, the yield phase increases, and we see the transition from brittle to ideal plasticity after the peak and as the temperature and number of thermal cycles increase, the cohesive force decreases significantly, and the internal friction angle shows a slight increase. The elastic modulus and the peak strength decreased.
Simulation of fire smoke disaster in a goaf during the closure process
Authors: Zuo Qiuling , Li Jingshan
Published: October 2020

Closing the fire area is a common disaster-relief measure when coal spontaneously combusts in a goaf. However, the closure process will also increase the risk of gas explosion. To understand the gas migration rules and disaster-causing effects in a closed goaf, this study simulates the spontaneous combustion of leftover coal when the goaf is closed. The simulation was visualized on the PyroSim interface. After identifying the distribution laws of the temperature field, CO concentration field, and O2 concentration field, a disaster risk analysis was carried out the CO concentration presented two different changing trends over time. Both trends were approximately linear. A potential high temperature fire source was identified at depths of 50-60 m in the goaf (approximately 3 m above the floor). Before the goaf closure was completed, likely gas-explosion sites were found at depths of 30, 50, and 80 m from the working face. Monitoring the gas and oxygen concentrations is especially important in these areas.
Hangi Üniversiteler Mekânlarını Verimli Kullanıyor? Türkiye’deki Devlet Üniversitelerine Ait Etkinlik Analizi
Authors: ÖZSOY Volkan Soner , DOĞAN Mustafa İsa
Published: October 2020

Ülkemizde doğum oranı diğer ülkelerden yüksek olduğu için genç nüfusumuz oldukça fazladır. Genç nüfusun fazla olması ise yükseköğretime olan talebi artırmakta ve bu talep neticesinde üniversiteler önem kazanmaktadır. Bu yüzden ülkemizin eğitim alt yapısını oluşturan üniversitelerin sayısı son yıllarda hızla artmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu durum yeni açılan bölüm sayılarının ve kontenjanların artmasına sebep olmuştur. Hızlı büyüme karşısında üniversitelerin alt yapı sorununu çözmek için kamu yatırım talepleri de artmıştır. Kontenjanları doldurmak amacı ile oluşturulan yerleşkelerde inşa edilen yeni binalar ve derslikler kurulmasına rağmen 2019 yılında 71 bin kontenjan boş kalmıştır. Bu yüzden öngörülen kamu yatırımlarından maksimum faydalanılamaması nedeni ile kamu kaynakları verimsiz kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki 125 devlet üniversitesinin kullandığı bina sayısından yerleşke sayısına kadar mevcut alt yapıları ve bu yapıları kullandıkları kapalı alan boyutları dikkate alınarak üniversite mekânlarının verimli kullanılıp kullanılmadığı Veri Zarflama Analizi modelleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca üniversitelerin bulundukları illere ve kuruldukları yıllara göre gruplandırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. CCR skorlarına göre gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark yokken BCC skorlarına göre gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Test sonuçları 2006-2007 arasında kurulan 32 üniversite ile hem 1982’ye kadar kurulan 27 üniversite arasında hem de 1987-1994 arasında kurulan 26 üniversite arasında %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde fark olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular 2018 yılında ayrılan üniversitelerin çoğunun kamu kaynaklarını verimli kullandıklarını göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, yeni kamu yatırım taleplerinin değerlendirilmesinde karar vericilere öneriler de sunmaktadır.
STUDY THE OF GEO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND THE DYNAMICS OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE NORTH OF THE MOSCOW REGION ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors:   State University “Dubna”, Dubna, Russia, Spiridonova A.B. , Anisimova O.V. ,   State University “Dubna”, Dubna, Russia
Published: October 2020

This paper analyzes the geoecological situation in the north of the Moscow Region based on remote sensing methods. In the work, the methods of complex physiographic research, mathematical and statistical methods, methods of geoinformation mapping and spatial analysis were used. The decoding was carried out visually and using automatic methods. Due to the fact that strategically important objects, reserves, enterprises playing a large role in the life of Russia and the world are located in the north of the Moscow region, and nonmetallic minerals are being mined, the need to study the anthropogenic impact on geoecological conditions arises. The data obtained during the study of satellite images and various geographic materials were processed in the Quantum GIS platform. On their basis, landscape – indicative interpretation of the geoecological features of the territory was carried out, a map of the sounding of the north of the Moscow region was carried out, revealing the dynamics for 30 years. A method for interpreting the scores of anthropogenic transformation is proposed, on the basis of which the anthropogenic impact is estimated. The work was carried out under the scientific guidance of Candidate of Geo-Mineralogical Sciences O.V. Anisimova at the Department of Ecology and Earth Sciences of the State University “Dubna”.
ESTIMATES OF CHANGES IN THE RELIEF OF THE COASTAL ZONE DURING ABRASION USING REMOTE SENSING DATA: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors:   Moscow state University, Moscow, Travnikova A.S. , Misirov S.A. ,   Southern scientific center of RAS, Rostov-on-don, Berdnikov S.V. ,   Southern scientific center of RAS, Rostov-on-don, Mestetskiy L.M. ,   Moscow state University, Moscow
Published: October 2020

The article offers a method for assessing changes in the relief of the Azov sea coastline and the localization of areas of erosion using discrete surface models obtained from remote sensing of the Earth using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This problem arises because of the need to monitor the dynamics of the coastline: due to the activation of various natural and man-made processes, there is an intensive destruction of the shores of the seas of Russia. Existing modern methods of land topographic survey do not allow you to quickly get information about changes in the state of the coastline or are expensive, and the large extent of the zone subject to erosion makes the traditional instrumental approach of measuring at reference points very labor-intensive. Also, the data obtained by the instrumental method reflects the problem point-by-point, rather than along the entire coastline. In this paper, we developed an algorithm and software for building a three-dimensional terrain model (using Delaunay triangulation) based on the so-called “dense point cloud” obtained when shooting terrain from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). we proposed and programmatically implemented an algorithm for comparing (subtracting) two 3D models based on surveys performed by the same camera, but at different times of the day, in different seasons, and at different heights with an interval of 2 years, to identify significant changes in terrain in the area of the coastal slope, caused by abrasive and collapse processes. Experimental studies of the developed approach were conducted at the test site (500 by 300 m in size) on the southern shore of the Taganrog Bay. As a result of the considered experimental studies of comparing two 3D terrain models based on dense point clouds, additional working hypotheses (steps) that need to be solved were formulated to identify significant differences due to the destruction of the coast
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLUE ECONOMICS IN RUSSIA AND IN THE AZOV-BLACK SEA REGION
Authors:   The Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IE RAS), Moscow, Russia, Kolesnikova M.L.
Published: October 2020

The emergence of the concept of sustainable development was caused by the need to solve global problems, some of which pose real threats to the existence of mankind. Conceptually, the “blue economy” is a promising direction for the development of cooperation between states and regional organizations of the Azov-Black Sea region, as well as the European Union. The practical application of tools for its implementation in the EU predetermines the need for additional study and evaluation of this experience. Marine spatial planning is one of the main instruments for realizing the “blue economy” and “blue growth”. The article examines aspects of its development in the Russian Federation, including the Azov-Black Sea region. In general, the use of marine spatial planning, together with the introduction and dissemination of data collection and continuous monitoring systems, leads to the formation of a new format for marine resource management. To create an equitable system of distribution, use, conservation and restoration of resources and spaces of the Black and Azov Seas, it is necessary to involve all stakeholders and maintain a balance of their interests. The specificity of the Azov-Black Sea region is expressed primarily in the presence of a number of unique physical and geographical factors. It predetermines the need for additional assessment of specific economic, environmental, logistic and other conditions of the region in order to prepare rational decisions with the participation of stakeholders. To make informed decisions, it is advisable for the Russian Federation to expand the scope of its participation in scientific research and discussions on this topic, including in the development of international documents regulating this type of activity
LANDSCAPE AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Branch of Kuban state University» – The Novorossiysk educational and research marine biological center, Matasova I.Y.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the use of landscape-geochemical mapping to study the spatial structure of the Black sea coast of Russia. Landscape-geochemical map of Black sea coast of Russia is done as a result of a complex study of the South of Russia summarizing large volume of various materials geological, soil, geobotanical, geological trends and the official in the field work process. Topographical and geological maps of scale 1:200000–1:500000 were the basis for drawing up the map of geochemical landscapes. Using these data, it was possible to establish the main factors of landscape differentiation and make auxiliary maps that characterize the taxonomic parameters: 1-plant communities and types of nature management developed in the region; 2 – types of geochemical conditions in soils; 3 – geomorphological features; 5-soil-forming rocks. All these factors are taken into account at various taxonomic levels and are clearly shown on the map of geochemical landscapes. The area of the research area is approximately 8,300 km2 . The variety of natural conditions and the wide development of anthropogenic activities caused the complex landscape and geochemical structure of the studied territory Most of the territory of the Black sea coast of Russia is occupied by biogenic landscapes (5717.2 km2 or 69 %). Technogenic landscapes on the black sea coast of Russia are developed everywhere, but their largest area is on the Taman Peninsula and the area from Anapa to Novorossiysk. The map made it possible to assess the natural differentiation and specifics of the technogenic transformation of the studied territory. The objectivity of using the landscape-geochemical map as a basis for a comprehensive study of the territory is confirmed by the results of studying the features of migration and concentration of chemical elements in soils and rocks.
GIS METHODS FOR MONITORING TECHNOGENIC DISTURBANCE OF LAND IN THE SVERDLOVSK COAL DISTRICT (LUHANSK REGION)
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Petkova N.V. , Kornienko B.Y. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: October 2020

Currently, the coal industry is one of the environmentally unfriendly industries of the world economy. Industrial activities of coal mining enterprises lead to pollution of the atmosphere and other living environments most strongly associated with the atmosphere, especially the soil, causing considerable damage to natural ecosystems, land use and other sphere of human activities. The possibility of using geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data in solving the problems of man-made violation of territories in areas of coal mining is presented in this report. A method for determining the location of coal mining waste heaps and updating their spatial characteristics using geoinformation systems based on satellite data from open sources is proposed. The research was carried out on the example of the Sverdlovsk district of the Luhansk region, where the tasks of accounting and control, utilization and reclamation of coal industry waste are of paramount importance. As a result of the study, all available waste heaps of the coal mining industry in the study area were identified and described. The problem of inappropriate land use occupied by waste from the coal industry is considered. Examples of mapping processes of formation of rock dumps based on historical high-resolution images are given
ON CLIMATE ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS AND SURFACE ALBEDO IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC IN APRIL
Authors:   a A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Vinogradova A.A. , Titkova T.B. ,   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

We study four test areas near the Arctic Russian coast of Eurasia in April 2010–2016. The near surface air temperature was studied in relation to values of solar incident radiation, surface albedo, column content of black carbon in the atmosphere, and the amount of solid and liquid precipitation. The data from two systems of satellite information and measured values reanalysis – MERRA-2 and WATCH – are used. We also study variability in daily averaged values of those parameters in a monthly scale (trends), as well in day-to-day scale by the method of multiple linear regression in their influence on the air surface temperature. The amendments in albedo radiative effect were estimated for different areas of the Russian Arctic in April. Variations in albedo ranged from 3.5 % near NL region to 15 % near NAO one. Absolute values of radiation forcing due to these surface albedo variations are from 4 W/m2 to 21 W/m2 , respectively. At the same time, the area of NAO differs little from others in terms of the amount of incident solar radiation and its variations. The interpretation of obtained dependencies and correlations in terms of physical mechanisms or certain connections is a very complicated issue and requires additional research.
LONG-TERM TRENDS IN CHANGES IN METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SEA OF AZOV REGION
Authors:   Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dashkevich L.V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the long-term changes in air temperature, wind speed and precipitation amount according to observations at the Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Kerch, Genichesk hydrometeorological stations on the coast of the Sea of Azov Analysis of the data for the selected periods revealed an increase in the average values of air temperature from the beginning of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st centuries, both at annual values and for all seasons. The largest increase in average values was noted for the winter, slightly less for the spring-summer season. Warming affected the southern coast least of all. On the entire coast of the Sea of Azov, a decrease in the average annual and seasonal wind speeds is observed throughout the entire century under consideration. The value of the standard deviation of wind speeds has decreased significantly, especially in the winter season. The largest decrease in the average annual and seasonal wind speeds (more than 2 times) was noted at the Primorsko-Akhtarsk HMS. From the beginning of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, there is an increase in the average annual amounts of atmospheric precipitation on the western and southern coast of the sea (by about 130 mm) with an increase in the variability of their amount from year to year. Seasonal changes in the distribution of precipitation were revealed: in the modern period, the proportion of winter and spring precipitation has increased, while the proportion of autumn and, especially, summer precipitation has decreased. The greatest changes in the precipitation regime were noted for the Primorsko-Akhtarsk HMS.
CURRENT CHALLENGES OF THE CARBON CYCLE RESEARCH IN THE SEA OF AZOV
Authors:   Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Sorokina V.V.
Published: October 2020

A review of the carbon cycle studies in the coastal waters of the World Ocean was carried out. The authors of the literature reviews emphasize the importance of regional studies to refine estimates of the contribution of coastal waters to the global carbon balance, as well as their response to global climate change. In addition, understanding the carbon cycle in coastal waters is necessary to address a range of environmental, social and economic issues. This work presents the results of the synthesis of scientific knowledge about different elements of the carbon cycle in the Sea of Azov: primary production of organic matter (OM), OM and calcium carbonate content in water and bottom sediments of the sea, lateral sources of organic carbon and carbonates. The highly productive Sea of Azov was mainly considered earlier in terms of its fish resources. Current understanding of the balance of organic carbon, the saturation of the waters of the Sea of Azov with free carbonic acid, and the exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere are based on estimates made in the middle of the 20th century, while changes in the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov associated with climate fluctuations and anthropogenic stress have been well documented since the mid-1980s. The following questions become relevant. Does the Sea of Azov continue to be a source of CO2 into the atmosphere? If so, why is this happening and what are the main factors; how this process is distributed in time and space; what should be expected in the future? If this is not the case, then it is important to understand what and why influenced it the most? A number of scientific hypotheses are formulated that require further development.
MODELING OF REDUCING RISK OF DIRECT IMPACT (HAILSTONES) IN AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary institution “Нigh-Mountain Geophysical Institute”, Ashabokov B.A. ,   Institute of Informatics and Regional Management Problems, KBSC RAS, Fedchenko L.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary institution “Нigh-Mountain Geophysical Institute”, Tashilova A.А. ,   Federal State Budgetary institution “Нigh-Mountain Geophysical Institute”, Kesheva L.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary institution “Нigh-Mountain Geophysical Institute”
Published: October 2020

Due to the fact that the south of Russia is the most important producer of agricultural products, the work discusses the possible consequences of climate change and reduce the risks associated with them. At the same time, it is assumed that the risks associated with climate change can be caused by both “slow” climate changes (increase in surface air temperature) and dangerous weather events (hail), the frequency and destructive force of which increase due to climate change. The paper discusses possible approaches to reducing risks associated with hazardous weather events (hailstones). In the framework of the theory of decision-making, the formulation of the problem of reducing the losses of a given industry from the noted phenomena, which is the task of making decisions in risk conditions, is proposed. The features of information support of this problem and the main tasks that arise in the way of its practical use are discussed. The results of calculations that were performed to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method to reduce agricultural losses from urban habits are presented. The calculation results showed that the method is quite effective and can be used to reduce agricultural losses from hail.
IMITATION MODELING OF COMMODITY STREAMS IN THE LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Donetsk People’s Republic, Kazakova E. , Pavlysh V.N. ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Donetsk People’s Republic
Published: October 2020

A comprehensive system for effective management of orders and deliveries in the logistics system has been developed. The cybernetic approach in logistics systems is considered. A simulation model for order and supply management was developed and a simulation model for order and supply management was tested using the example of Master-Torg LLC. Dependences of the enterprise activity on various factors have been determined Comparison of the cybernetic and systemic approaches is carried out. In order to generalize the experience in this direction, the advantages and disadvantages of existing models, as well as the methodology for their compilation, are considered. The general characteristics of the company are considered. The analysis of the external environment and competitive advantages of the company was carried out, respectively, Pest was carried out – an analysis and analysis of Porter’s five forces. The results of the experiments made it possible to establish that the use of the conjugate gradient method has reduced the number of backorders by 5 times. The simulation model fairly accurately simulates the market mechanism for coordinating orders and deliveries over time. This development is recommended for use in the distribution company Master-Torg LLC. In addition, it can be applied to any commercial company, subject to the adjustment of the corresponding restrictions.
NATIONAL PROJECT ‘SAFE AND QUALITATIVE ROADS’: EFFECTS AND PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION (THE CASE OF THE ROSTOV REGION)
Authors:   Federal Research Center Southern Scientific Center, of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Patrakeeva O.Yu.
Published: October 2020

In the current conditions of economic contraction caused by the complex epidemiological situation and measures aimed at minimizing the spread of coronavirus, it is necessary to create a solid foundation for the further economic recovery. At the government level it was decided to continue the implementation of national projects as significant tools for recovery national economy. Economic level influences on transport infrastructure in the short term, however, presence of mutual influence has not been statistically confirmed. It was revealed that transport investments reduce the accident rate on the Rostov Region’s roads. The revealed combination of tendencies of a simultaneous decrease in accident rate and the specific gravity of paved roads indirectly indicates a redistribution of traffic flows and investments into sections and directions with the highest load. Improving the road’s quality with the highest flows by reducing investments to maintenance of auxiliary roads allows reducing accident rate. Such relation also indirectly indicates the trend of investment redistribution from maintenance of secondary roads to the busiest districts carrying risks of accidents. It is important to emphasize that coordinated policy for managing infrastructure projects will be determining factor in obtaining returns on invested financial resources, as measured by the positive dynamics of growth of socio-economic indicators.
THE VIEW OF THE YOUNG CONTINGENT OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH ON THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC
Authors:   Interregional center for environmental audit and consulting, Moscow, Potravnaya E.V.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the implementation of Russia’s national development goals for the period up to 2030, including population conservation, improving the demographic situation, fighting poverty, and creating new jobs in relation to the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of a sociological study carried out in 2019 in the Momsky and Oymyakonsky districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the views and economic behavior of the young generation of indigenous peoples of the North on the industrial development of the Arctic are analyzed. The purpose of the study was to study the behavioral and social attitudes of local residents of these areas on issues related to the implementation of projects for the extraction of placer gold and the formation of recommendations for building effective communication between local residents and representatives of the mining company. As a result of sociological surveys to identify the attitude of local residents towards the socio-economic, environmental problems and problems related to the preservation of the traditional culture of the inhabitants of these areas to develop recommendations to improve the quality level of life, identified the most promising areas of development that can be supported by the mining company identified the correlation between age and other socio–demographic indicators of the population, in particular young people with the perception of socio-economic and environmental problems of the area, as well as economic activity for the extraction of placer gold on the river Artyk, as well as identified needs and setup of local residents, you need to consider the controls and the mining company at the organization of economic activity during project implementation for the extraction of placer gold.
OPTIMAL CALIBRATION OF PHYTOMASS-PRODUCTION RELATIONSHIP IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THEIR BIOTIC TURNOVER MODELLING
Authors:   A.M. Obukhov Institute of atmospheric physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Zavalishin Nikolay N
Published: October 2020

Analysis of simultaneously observed data on phytomass and net primary productivity for terrestrial ecosystems in Northern EuroAsia from three available databases allows one to study their relationships in annual time scale. For each climatic zone its own dependence of NPP on phytomass is established describing transition from grass to forest plant communities. Rational approximation of functional forms for these dependencies is carried out through the best parameterization technique. This approach is based on parameterization of approximating curve by means of the minimal least-squares method. Built on this approach the optimization problem with limitations allows to obtain coefficients values of approximating functions. Additional equality conditions of given phytomass-NPP values in particular ecosystems provide finding functional form of the dependence for ecosystem groups functioning in identical climatic conditions. For polar and boreal zones dependencies with one maximum are obtained giving different equilibria types for dynamic models of biological turnover: grass (tundra, steppe), forest-grass (forest tundra, forest steppe), and forest (northern and southern taiga). Based on solving the optimization problem functional dependencies of NPP on phytomass do not contradict to variability of NPP values provided by dispersion of climatic parameters – annual average temperature and total precipitation – inside the climatic zone.
EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE CHANGES IN THE RIVER LINE OF THE OKA BASIN FOR THE COMING PERIOD OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia, Ismaiylov G. Kh. , Muraschenkova N.V. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

A retrospective analysis and assessment of long-term changes in the annual and seasonal runoff of the Oka River basin over a long 131-year observation period (1881 / 1882–2011/2012) was performed. The changes in the annual distribution of the Oka river runoff over the seasons of the year (spring flood, summer-autumn and winter low water) from its annual value for the selected time periods (before and after 1976/1977) are considered. It has been noted that over the past decades, river runoff has been formed in new climatic conditions associated with global changes and, as a result, regional climate. The assessment of possible changes in the annual and seasonal runoff of the Oka River basin (to the final alignment – the city of Kaluga, with a basin area of 54,900 km2 ) in the first half of the 21st century is carried out. In assessing changes in the river flow of the Oka basin for the future period, the method of trends (trends) is used, based on the identification of cycles in fluctuations in hydrological characteristics and unidirectional trends (trends) inherent in individual phases (ups and downs) of these cycles, as well as to the establishment of functional (correlation) relationships between environmental factors (climatic, anthropogenic) and the nature of the response (river flow). In this case, the trend model serves as an alternative to the homogeneity hypothesis of long-term fluctuations in river flow. The change in the future values of the river flow of the Oka basin was estimated using averaged data of 30-year periods of time characterized by relative stationarity of climatic and hydrological conditions. The dynamics of the average 30-year values of the annual runoff in the upper reaches of the Oka River (the closure target is the city of Kaluga for the period 1881/1882–2011/2012) is considered. Possible forecasted mean annual values of the annual flow of the Oka River for the first half of the 21st century are obtained
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Siregar Ias Marroha Doli , Pratama Filli , Hamzah Basuni , Wulandari Wulandari
Published: October 2020

White oyster mushroom is a type of food that is easily damaged (a highly perishable food). This study aimed to determine the rate of change in texture, color, volatile compounds, and amino acid composition in white oyster mushrooms during storage at various temperatures and CO2 concentrations. The research design used was a Factorial Complete Randomized Design (FCRD), with a storage temperature treatment (A) consisting of three levels, namely A1 (10 ± 2 °C), A2 (20 ± 2 °C), A3 (30 ± 2 °C) and treatment of adding CO2 gas (B) consisting of four levels, namely B0 (control), B1 (20%), B2 (30%), and B3 (40%). Tukey HSD carried out the treatment that was significantly different at a 5% level. The results showed that the order of the quality decline reaction of the white oyster mushrooms was order one. The best treatment for storing the white oyster mushrooms with a MAP method of PE packaging was the addition of 30% CO2 at a storage temperature of 10 °C. The major volatile compounds in fresh white oyster mushrooms were 3-Octanone (44.54%), 3-Octanol (23.24%), 3-Heptanone, 6-methyl- (10.26%), whereas after 10 days of storage were 3-Octanone (35.05%), 3-Octanol (25.89%), and 5-Ethyl-3methylhept-1-en-4-ol (8.45 ppm). The major amino acid composition in fresh white oyster mushrooms was glutamate, aspartate, and lysine, whereas after 10 days of storage were glutamate, lysine, and aspartate.Keywords : Amoni acid, White oyster mushroom
SIFAT TRANSPARANSI DAN PERMEABILITAS FILM BIONANOKOMPOSIT POLYLACTIC ACID DAN POLYCAPROLACTONE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE SEBAGAI PENGISI [Transparency and permeability properties of Bionanocomposite Film of Polylactic Acid and Polycaprolactone, and Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Filler]
Authors: Indarti Eti , Marlita Arisa Sri , Zaidiyah Zaidiyah
Published: October 2020

Production of Polylactic acid (PLA)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) bionanocomposite films with various ratios was done by adding nanocrystalline celullose (NCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as a filler. The aim of the research was to find out the effect of PLA/PCL ratio on film thickness, transparency of bionanocomposite films and water vapor permeability or WVP of the film bionanocomposite with addition of the 3% NCC.  The PLA/PCL ratio are 1.0/0.0; 0.8/0.2; 0.6/0.4; 0.5/0.5; 0.4/0.6; 0.2/0.8; and 0.0/1.0, prepared with solvent casting method. Characterization of PLA/PCL bionanocomposites film performed was thickness, transparency test and water vapor permeability (WVP) test. The thickness of bionanocomposites film produced were around are about 0.036-0.053 mm, results show that the lower PLA/PCL ratio the thicker film obtained. The highest value of film transparency was obtained at a ratio of 1.0 / 0.0 (81.4% at a wavelength of 550 nm), the smaller the PLA / PCL ratio, the lower the value of transparency. The WVP value of PLA/PCL bionanocomposite films gives a lower value than the WVP value of pure PLA film and pure PCL film. The best WVP was obtained at a PLA/PCL ratio of 0.8/0.2 which was 1.49x10-16kg.m/(m2.s.Pa).
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA MIKROENKAPSULAN ANTOSIANIN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PENGOLAHAN PATI UBI JALAR UNGU (Physicochemical Characteristics of Anthocyanin Microencapsulant from Wastewater of Purple Sweet Potato Starch Processing)
Authors: Wiriani Dessy , Julianti Elisa , Sinaga Hotnida
Published: October 2020

Wastewater from starch processing of purple sweet potato (PSP) was rich in anthocyanin, so it can be used as raw material for natural pigments. Anthocyanin pigments are unstable under processing conditions so microencapsulation is carried out to maintain their stability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of maltodextrin concentration as an encapsulant agent on the physical and chemical characteristics of microencapsulant of anthocyanin derived from wastewater of PSP starch processing. Wastewater from PSP starch processing was concentrated using a water bath at 10 oC for 10 hours.  The crude extract of anthocyanin obtained then was microencapsulated by spray drying technique using maltodextrin as an encapsulant agent. Maltodextrin was added at concentration 15%, 25%, and 35% (w/w). The anthocyanin microencapsulants produced then were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics. The results showed the increasing of maltodextrin concentration will increase the L* value (lightness), b* value (greenness), ohue, solubility, hygroscopicity, but decrease the anthocyanin content, a* value (redness) and and antioxidant activity (IC50). The microstructure of anthocyanin microencapsulant has a spherical shape with a curve on its surface. The addition of 15% maltodextrin produces the best characteristics of anthocyanin microencapsulant with anthocyanin content 40.80 ppm, IC50 36.27 ppm, solubility 52.80% and color value (oHue) 11.17 (red purple). These characteristics indicate that anthocyanin microencapsulant from wastewater of PSP starch processing can be applicated as natural food colorant.Keywords: anthocyanin microencapsulant, purple sweet potato, wastewater, maltodextrin
Unrequited Love in the Selected Novels of Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Murshed Ahmed Hassan Ali
Published: October 2020

Certainly, Love is one of the most unmistakable natural sentiments of the individual, so the psychologists have attempted to characterize the word 'love' in various manners, for instance,Freud, in his book, (Civilization and Contents)illuminates the sentiment of love according to mental perspective. As he would like to think, a limit between the 'object' and'ego' is degraded, so he stated that "Against to all proof of his feelings, a person, who is in love utters that 'you' and 'I' are one and begins carrying on as if it was a reality" (Freud, 13). 'Self' of the individual, who falls in love is totally degraded into 'oneself' of the other, so Love assumes an important role in bliss or despondency in human life, in which, the fruitful love makes life upbeat and on the contrary, its disappointment changes life into a hopeless wreck, so unfortunately, Unrequited Love is a one imbalance in which you may love someone with all your heart, but you don’t receive these feelings in return. In other words, it is love that isn’t reciprocated. For example, you may love someone deeply, but this person simply doesn’t love you back.

This paper will discuss the characters’ suffering as a result of the one-sided love and explain how they behaved during the events of the love stories, as well as delineate the tragic ending of their unrequited love, furthermore, it will give some examples from some of Pamuk’s novels.
Kekebalan Diplomatik dalam Transaksi Komersial
Authors: Gunawarman Irsyad Prabowo , Dewanto Wisnu Aryo , Suhariwanto Suhariwanto
Published: October 2020

Abstract—Diplomatic immunity and privilege which is arranged in the Vienna Convention 1961 is very important in ensuring the enactment of diplomatic functions in doing the mission. The abuse of immunity and privilege owned by the diplomatic representative often happens. Diplomatic representative abuse their rights in the form of mild violation to heavy crime. There have been cases on the abuse of diplomatic immunity in commercial transaction related to the civil jurisdiction immunity of the country the diplomat assigned in. The landlord in the country who rent their property to the diplomatic representative have become the victim in the abuse of diplomatic immunity. There was a diplomatic representative who refused to pay the rent because of diplomatic immunity reason and eventually managed to escape from the obligation to pay for the commercial transaction due to the protection of the immunity and privilege Keywords: abuse, diplomatic immunity, commercial transaction

Abstrak—Kekebalan dan keistimewaan diplomatik yang diatur di dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menjamin pelaksanaan fungsi diplomat dalam menjalankan misinya. Penyalahgunaan kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimiliki perwakilan diplomatik masih sering terjadi. Perwakilan diplomatik menyalahgunakannya dalam bentuk pelanggaran ringan hingga kejahatan yang berat. Dalam perkembangannya, telah terjadi kasus penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik dalam transaksi komersial yang berkaitan dengan kekebalan yurisdiksi sipil negara penerima. Para tuan tanah dari negara penerima yang menyewakan propertinya kepada perwakilan diplomatik menjadi korban dalam penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik. Ada perwakilan diplomatik yang menolak membayar biaya sewa dengan alasan kekebalan diplomatik yang pada akhirnya lolos dari kewajibannya untuk membayar transaksi komersial karena berlindung pada kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimilikinya Kata kunci: penyalahgunaan, kekebalan diplomatik, transaksi komersial
Design-Expert Software sebagai Alat Optimasi Formulasi Sediaan Farmasi
Authors: Hidayat Iyan Rifky , Zuhrotun Ade , Sopyan Iyan
Published: October 2020

Salah satu tahap dalam pengembangan obat adalah formulasi untuk mendapatkan formula yang optimum. Dengan formula yang optimum maka kualitas sediaan baik dan memenuhi parameter-parameter baku. Tahap ini dilakukan melalui eksperimen laboratorium dan analisis hasil percobaan yang umunya cukup memakan waktu. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dapat dilakukan pendekatan menggunakan piranti lunak dengan teknologi komputer yaitu Design-Expert software dalam membantu mendesain variasi formula pada preformulasi dan analisis hasil percobaan post formulasi. Tujuan dari review ini adalah muntuk mengetahui pemanfaatan Design-Expert software dalam penelitian formulasi dan optimasi. Metode penulisan kajian pustaka dilakukan dengan pencarian pada Google scholar dan ScinceDirect dengan kata kunci “Formulation” dan “Design-Expert” menghasilkan penemuan 63 artikel dan skrining dengan menerapkan kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel penelitian optimasi formulasi dengan rentang tahun terbit antara 2011 – April 2020 dan eksklusi berupa artikel berbentuk review artikel.  Berdasarkan hasil kajian pustaka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Design-Expert software banyak digunakan dan bermanfaat dalam mengurangi waktu, dan biaya pengembangan formulasi.
Microneedle: Teknologi Baru Penghantar Vaksin COVID-19
Authors: Shafa Amilia , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
Published: October 2020

Wabah COVID-19 telah menyebar lebih dari 200 negara dan menjadi perhatian kesehatan di seluruh dunia. SARS-CoV-2 adalah virus penyebab COVID-19 berasal dari keluarga coronaviridae. Virus tersebut memiliki kesamaan genom dengan SARS-CoV dan MERS-CoV. Vaksinasi merupakan cara yang paling efektif untuk mencegah pernyebaran virus COVID-19. Sebagian besar pemberian vaksin menggunakan jarum konvensional, jarum hipodermik, yang tidak bisa digunakan dengan mudah oleh pasien. Selain itu, penggunaan jarum hipodermik dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit. Maka, jarum dibentuk dengan ukuran mikron, sehingga penetrasinya tidak mencapai ujung saraf yang peka terhadap nyeri. Microneedle dapat digunakan sendiri tanpa rasa sakit dan melalui mekanisme stress mekanikal dari microneedle dapat digunakan sebagai adjuvant dalam meningkatkan respon imun. Microneedle merupakan teknologi vaksinasi baru yang aman dan memberikan kekebalan protektif terhadap serangan virus COVID-19. Termostabil yang diberikan oleh microneedle dapat mengurangi penggunaan pendingin, sehingga mengurangi biaya produksi dan meningkatkan kemudahan dalam pendistribusiannya. Berdasarkan fitur-fitur tersebut, microneedle memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai penghantar vaksin yang efektif dalam mencegah penyebaran virus COVID-19.
Constructing an Instrument for Measuring the Selective Visual Attention of Basic-Stage Students in Gaza and Verifying its Psychometric Characteristics
Authors: El-Hujuj Akram M. , Badawy Zeinab A.
Published: October 2020

The research aims at constructing an instrument for measuring the selective visual attention of basic education students in Gaza, and verifying its validity and reliability. The research sample consisted of 200   grade ten students in Khan Younis (for the academic year, 2018 -2019). The evidence of constructive validity and the factorial validity of the instrument were  investigated. Results of the predictive factorial analysis showed that the three tasks of the instrument  covered a single  potential factor  namely selective visual attention. All slides of the selective visual attention tasks have achieved statistically significant correlations with the overall scores of the instrument.  The content of the slides was also validated in relation to the instrument. The instrument reliability was also checked with the alpha coefficient for the final form of the instrument as a whole (0,962), and the split–half  reliability coefficients ranged from (0.770 – 0.907). The final form of the instrument  showed three major functions.
An analysis of k-mer frequency features with SVM and CNN for viral subtyping classification
Authors: Machaca Arceda Vicente Enrique
Published: October 2020

Viral subtyping classification is very relevant for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. The most used tools are based on alignment-based methods, nevertheless, they are becoming too slow with the increase of genomic data. For that reason, alignment-free methods have emerged as an alternative. In this work, we analyzed four alignment-free algorithms: two methods use k-mer frequencies (Kameris and Castor-KRFE); the third method used a frequency chaos game representation of a DNA with CNNs; finally the last one, process DNA sequences as a digital signal (ML-DSP). From the comparison, Kameris and Castor-KRFE outperformed the rest, followed by the method based on CNNs.
Sobre la fenología reproductora de las algas rojas en el litoral del SE de España
Authors: Soto Juan , Conde Francisco
Published: October 2020

Se describe la fenología reproductora observada en 86 táxones de algas rojas del Sureste de España. Paralelamente, y en base al análisis efectuado durante seis años (1983-1988) de 2.543 poblaciones pertenecientes a 23 familias, se cuantifican las frecuencias relativas en ellas de las fases esporofítica, gametofftica y carposporofítica, constatándose la dominancia de la frecuencia de poblaciones estériles seguida por las esporofíticas. Las frecuencias de poblaciones carposporofíticas y gametofíticas son netamente inferiores y a veces despreciables. Finalmente, se barajan posibles causas para explicar las frecuencias observadas.
Gigaspermum mouretii Corb. en las Islas Baleares
Authors: Rita Juan , Rossello José A.
Published: October 2020

En el presente trabajo se cita por primera vez en Baleares a Gigaspermum mouretii Corb., hasta el momento estas islas representan el límite septentrional del área de distribución de esta especie. Se presenta una descripción detallada del esporófito de la misma, así como algunos datos acerca del sustrato donde vive, que sugieren una preferencia por suelos descarbonatados y con contenidos relativamente elevados en nutrientes.
Alcaloides en la flora de Andalucia. II
Authors: Suau Rafael , Garcia Ana I. , Rico Rodrigo , Cabezudo Baltasar , Nieto-Caldera José Mª
Published: October 2020

Se han estudiado 105 especies vegetales características de la flora de Andalucía con objeto de determinar la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa de alcaloides. Se ha encontrado presencia de alcaloides en 31 especies, de las cuales 19 se describen por primera vez.
Contribución al conocimiento del género Oedogonium en España. I
Authors: Cambra Jaume
Published: October 2020

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Notas fiosociológicas sobre las comunidades arbóreas de las Sierras de Cazorla y Segura
Authors: Gomez Mercado Francisco , Valle Francisco
Published: October 2020

Se estudia el comportamiento fitosociológico y ecológico de los bosques de las Sierras de Cazorla y Segura, comentando los siguientes sintáxones: Paeonio-Quercetum rotundifoliae, Berberido-Quercetum rotundifoliae, Daphno-Aceretum granatensis, Berberido- Quercetum pyrenaicae, Junipero-Pinetum clusianae y Daphno-Pinetum sylvestris. Se describen tres nuevas subasociaciones: Paeonio-Quercetum rotundifoliae subas. arbutetosum unedonis, Berberido-Quercetum rotundifoliae subas. quercetosum faginae y Daphno-Aceretum granatensis subasociación pistacietosum terebinthi.