bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synovial tuberculosis of the hand: An ancient disease in an unusual localisation
Authors: Ramos Renato Franz Matta , Cancian Lucas , Calcagnotto Fernando , Zeni Ricardo , Varela Gabriel , Burgues Tamsin , Silva Jefferson Braga
Published: December 2017

Background: Tuberculosis is the most prevalent infectious disease in the world. It is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Osteoarticular tuberculosis represents 1%–3%. Tenosynovitis is the most common form of the disease in the hand. Aims: The aim of this study is to present an update of synovial tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: The authors present a literature review, the clinical and surgical management and case reports. Results: The outcomes were satisfactory and were not report complications. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, surgical transection of the transverse carpal ligament, debridement and complete excision of the infected synovium may be required, along with antituberculosis drugs. Knowledge of this disease in the hand can provide a better diagnosis and outcome.
Dilemma of diagnosing thoracic sarcoidosis in tuberculosis endemic regions: An imaging-based approach. Part 1
Authors: Bhalla Ashu S , Das A , Naranje P , Goyal A , Guleria R , Khilnani Gopi C
Published: December 2017

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic disorder of unknown etiology, although commonly believed to be immune-mediated. Histologically, it is characterized by noncaseating granuloma which contrasts against the caseating granuloma seen in tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease that closely mimics sarcoidosis, both clinically as well as radiologically. In TB-endemic regions, the overlapping clinico-radiological manifestations create significant diagnostic dilemma, especially since the management options are markedly different in the two entities. Part 1 of this review aims to summarize the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of sarcoidosis, encompassing both typical and atypical manifestations, in an attempt to distinguish between the two disease entities.
Radiological spectrum of anthracofibrosis: A series of 40 patients with computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and biopsy
Authors: Dhar Anandamoyee , Sikund Kunal , Lall Ajal , Aggarwal Bharat
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Anthracofibrosis is a lesser known clinical entity. Patients present with chronic symptoms of cough and breathlessness with a history of biofuel/wood fire smoke exposure. There are distinct computed tomography (CT) imaging features of anthracofibrosis that can differentiate it from more common conditions such as tuberculosis (TB) and bronchogenic carcinoma. Findings include multifocal noncontiguous stenosis of bronchial tree, calcified enlarged mediastinal or hilar nodes, and secondary lung parenchymal changes. However, in TB, bronchostenosis usually involves a single lobar bronchus in a contiguous manner with trachea and/or major bronchi also being affected. In this study, we highlight the imaging characteristics of anthracofibrosis. Context: The CT findings of anthracofibrosis closely mimic TB and bronchogenic carcinoma, hence we highlight the key imaging features of anthracofibrosis. Aims and Objectives: To identify and describe the CT imaging features of anthracofibrosis and correlate it with bronchoscopic findings. Setting and Design: Retrospective study. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 40 patients were selected who were diagnosed with anthracofibrosis on bronchoscopy and biopsy. However, CT scan records of only 14 patients were available for review. Two radiologists reviewed the scans independently. Results: Most common CT finding was multisegmental noncontiguous bronchostenosis seen in 93% patients mostly involving the right middle lobe. 85% of the cases showed lymph node enlargement involving hilar, peribronchial, and mediastinal nodes. The nodes were calcified in 91.7% of the cases, with 58% showing pressure effect on adjacent bronchi due to nodal enlargement. The next common findings were peribronchial cuffing and bronchial obstruction seen in 57 and 28% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: The key imaging features of anthracofibrosis on CT are multifocal involvement of bronchi with smooth peribronchial thickening and enlarged calcified lymph nodes.
Appraisal of radiation dose with 64-slice computed tomography perfusion in lung cancer patients with special reference to SSDE: An initial experience in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bhatt Shuchi , Srivastava Ajai K , Meena Neha , Thakur Shweta
Published: December 2017

Context: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is an important functional tool for lung cancer. It is expected to deliver high radiation dose, making its accurate estimation important. Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) is a new dose metric, which includes the scanner output as well as the patient size. Aims: To determine radiation dose [CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), effective dose (ED), and SSDE] for CTP in lung cancer and the correlation of CTDIvol, DLP, and SSDE with effective diameter and SSDE with weight, body mass index (BMI), and the scan length. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study in the Department of Radio-diagnosis from October 2015 to March 2016. Patients and Methods: Due ethical approval and informed consent was taken. Thirty consecutive adult patients of lung cancer undergoing CTP study were included; various radiation dose parameters were determined and presented as mean ± SD. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired Student's t-test and Pearson correlation using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 16. Results: Mean radiation dose was CTDIvol = 270.138 ± 1.627 mGy, DLP = 681 ± 53.496 mGy.cm, ED = 12.501 ± 0.923 mSv, SSDE = 388.90 ± 81.27 mGy. The CTDIvol and DLP had significant positive correlation (r = 0.556, P= 0.000 and r = 0.522, P= 0.003, respectively) with effective diameter. SSDE had strong negative correlation (r = −0.997, P= 0.000) with effective diameter, significant negative correlation with the BMI (r = −0.889; P= 0.000) and weight (r= −0.910, P= 0.000) of patients. Scan length was not significantly correlated in SSDE (r = −0.012, P= 0.951). Conclusions: Smaller sized patients had greater SSDE.
Review of imaging in post-laparoscopy cholecystectomy complications
Authors: Sureka Binit , Mukund Amar
Published: December 2017

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now considered the procedure of choice for uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease worldwide. Various biliary, vascular, gastrointestinal, neurological and local complications may be seen on imaging post surgery. Knowledge of these entities and imaging appearances is indispensable for the radiologist in today's era. We emphasize on the list of potential complications and imaging appearances of this surgical procedure.
Programmatic Assessment in Emergency Medicine: Implementation of Best Practices
Authors: Perry Marcia , Linn Andrew , Munzer Brendan W. , Hopson Laura , Amlong Ambrosya , Cole Michael , Santen Sally A.
Published: December 2017

Background 

Programmatic assessment is the intentional collection of key data from multiple sources for both assessment of learning and assessment for learning.

Objective 

We developed a system of programmatic assessment (PA) to identify competency progression (summative) and assessment for learning to assist residents in their formative development.

Methods 

The programmatic assessment was designed iteratively from 2014 through 2016. All assessments were first categorized by competency domain and source of assessment. The number of assessment modalities for each competency domain was collected. These multisource assessments were then mapped by program leadership to the milestones to develop a master PA blueprint. A resident learning management system provided the platform for aggregating formative and summative data, allowing residents and faculty ongoing access to guide learning and assessment. A key component of programmatic assessment was to support resident integration of assessment information through feedback by faculty after shifts and during monthly formal assessments, semiannual resident reviews, and summative judgments by the Clinical Competency Committee.

Results 

Through the PA, the 6 competency domains are assessed through multiple modalities: patient care (22 different assessments), professionalism (18), systems-based practice (17), interprofessional and communication skills (16), medical knowledge (11), and practice-based learning and improvement (6). Each assessment provides feedback to the resident in various formats. Our programmatic assessment has been utilized for more than 2 years with iterative improvements.

Conclusions 

The implementation of programmatic assessment allowed our program to organize diverse, multisourced feedback to drive both formative and summative assessments.
Propolis: A Smart Supplement for an Intracanal Medicament
Authors: Avinash Alok , Munot Harsha , Baranwal Rashmi , Duggi Vijay , Dubey Alok , Pagaria Sulabh
Published: December 2017

Introduction

One of the most important factors for successful endodontic therapy is root canal cleaning. The difficulty involved in eliminating microorganisms, as well as their residual presence, warrants the use of root canal dressings after biomechanical preparation.

Aim

The aim of the study was to compare the diffusion ability between nonalcoholic calcium hydroxide—propolis paste, calcium hydroxide—saline paste, and calcium hydroxide—propylene glycol paste.

Materials and methods

For this proposed study, single-rooted extracted permanent teeth were randomly divided into three groups to fill the canals: group I: Calcium hydroxide—propylene glycol paste, group II: Calcium hydroxide—saline paste, and group III: Calcium hydroxide—propolis paste. After complete filing of the root canal, the pH values of the solutions in the flasks are measured at an interval of 3, 24, 72, 168 hours.

Results

After 168-hour interval, it was noticed that the mean pH obtained by calcium hydroxide—propolis paste was 10.54 (± 0.38), which was greater than calcium hydroxide—propylene glycol paste 9.70 (± 0.45) and calcium hydroxide—saline paste 9.16 (± 0.30) consecutively.

Conclusion

The nonalcoholic calcium hydroxide—propolis paste used during the study was able to diffuse through the dentinal tubules. Thus, it can be used as a vehicle for calcium hydroxide.

How to cite this article

Baranwal R, Duggi V, Avinash A, Dubey A, Pagaria S, Munot H. Propolis: A Smart Supplement for an Intracanal Medicament. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(4):324-329.
Do Firms' Characteristics Make a Difference of the Choice of Capital Budgeting Practices? Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Kengatharan Lingesiya
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the differences of the choice of capital budgeting practices in terms of firms’ characteristics of Sri Lankan companies. The primary data were garnered from 186 financial officers using self-administered questionnaires. Collected data were then analysed using independent sample t- test. The Results of the study revealed that the use of simple capital budgeting practices were mostly preferred by small sized firms and mainly managed by finance professionals with non-MBA educational qualifications and short tenure. Sophisticated and advanced capital budgeting practices were used mostly by large firms; and were mainly managed by finance professionals with master of business administration qualification and long tenure. According to the industry differences, accounting rate of return was primarily applied by non-MBA qualified financial officers and was also preferred by non-manufacturing firms. None of the other methods made any significant differences in terms of type of industry. Sophisticated capital budgeting practices were determined by the size of the capital budget, advanced capital budgeting practices were determined by both the size of the capital budget and the educational qualifications of the finance professionals. In a similar vein, simple capital budgeting practices were determined by the size of the capital budget, the educational qualifications of the financial officers, and type of industry. Overall, this study has made parametric contributions to the choice of capital budgeting practices in terms of firms’ characteristics of Sri Lankan companies. The findings of the study are useful to the investment decision makers when they are appraising investment projects.
Influence of Trainee Experience on Choice of Orthopaedic Subspecialty Fellowship
Authors: Matson Andrew P. , Kavolus Joseph J. , Byrd William A. , Leversedge Fraser J. , Brigman Brian E.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Most orthopaedic surgery residents elect to pursue additional subspecialty training; however, factors influencing the choice of subspecialty and the ways that these factors change during training are not well understood. The aim of this investigation was to determine, on the basis of a trainee’s postgraduate year (PGY), whether variability exists in factors valued when choosing a specific subspecialty.

Methods:

We emailed an online survey (intended for distribution to current trainees) to a list of orthopaedic surgery residency program coordinators in the United States. The survey queried demographic information, PGY level, and the importance of 14 discrete factors in the selection of fellowship specialty according to a Likert scale rating from 1 to 4.

Results:

There were 359 respondents representing an even distribution of PGY levels. Junior trainees assigned greater relative value to geographic location, on-call responsibilities, financial compensation, and the tradition of the residency program, whereas senior trainees assigned greater relative value to variety of cases and intellectual stimulation (all P < 0.05).

Discussion:

The differences seen in factors valued based on trainee experience may highlight the relative importance of greater exposure to the breadth of orthopaedic surgical practice during training and increasing awareness of clinical competencies and responsibilities.

Conclusions:

When deciding on orthopaedic subspecialty choice, junior trainees value lifestyle factors relatively more than do senior trainees, whereas senior trainees value case variety and stimulation relatively more than junior trainees do.
Compliance With the AAOS Guidelines for Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons
Authors: Carlson Victor Rex , Ong Alvin Chua , Orozco Fabio Ramiro , Hernandez Victor Hugo , Lutz Rex William , Post Zachary Douglas
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) published a series of evidence-based guidelines for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). We studied compliance with these guidelines among orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:

We sent a survey to members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons. It included five clinical vignettes based on the Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic system for classification of knee OA. Respondents selected treatment currently supported or not supported by the AAOS guidelines.

Results:

Of 345 responses, the frequency of use of recommended interventions was 80%, 82%, 21%, 50%, and 98% for OA at stages 0 through 4, respectively. For stage 2 and stage 3 OA, intra-articular hyaluronic acid was the most commonly selected intervention not recommended by the AAOS.

Discussion:

Apparently, AAOS guidelines on the treatment of OA have not reached the orthopaedic community, resulting in lack of treatment consensus and continued use of modalities with no proven patient benefits.

Conclusions:

Management of moderate to severe knee OA does not align with AAOS guidelines. We encourage researchers to conduct clinical trials to identify the role of intra-articular corticosteroids in treating this condition.
Can mean germination time predict seed vigor of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed lots?
Authors: Amirmoradi Shahram , Feizi Hassan
Published: December 2017

The aim of this research was to test if mean germination time (MGT) can predict seed vigor in 10 seed lots of canola. There was a significant difference between the final germination percentages of the 10 seed lots tested (‘Hyola 330’, ‘Hyola 401’, ‘Okapi’, ‘Elite’, ‘SLMO 46’, ‘Zarfam’, ‘RGS 003’, ‘Option 500’, ‘Echo’, ‘Rainbow’) and a highly significant correlation between MGT and this value. Of the 10 seed lots, ‘Hyola 330’ had the lowest final percentage germination (62%) and the highest MGT, 3.64 days. The correlation between MGT and the proportion of “normal” seedlings was also significant. ‘Hyola 330’ had the lowest percentage of normal seedlings (60%). A tetrazolium test showed that this lot had some dead seeds that could not germinate; some seeds were viable, but they would produce abnormal seedlings. One of the main reasons of low final germination percentage and high MGT in ‘Hyola 330’ was low viability of this seed lot. Mean germination time is suggested as a good indicator of seed vigor in canola.
Microscopic fungi on Schoenoplectus lacustris in Płociczno and Płociowe lakes in Drawa National Park (northwest Poland)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz Kinga , Rybińska Aleksandra , Łopusiewicz Łukasz
Published: December 2017

In the period 2009–2011, the micromycetes causing symptoms on the leaves of Schoenoplectus lacustris (SL) from Płociczno and Płociowe lakes in Drawa National Park (DNP) were investigated. A total of 39 taxa of microscopic fungi and chromistan fungi were found. The taxonomic structure of the mycobiota was dominated by anamorphs of Ascomycota. In each year of the study, the SL fungal species richness was higher in Płociowe Lake than in Płociczno Lake. In all the years of study in both lakes, the fungal community on SL was composed of the following six dominant species: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium incarnatum, F. sacchari, Gibberella avenacea, and Pleospora scirpicola. The species occurring exclusively in Płociczno Lake were Papulaspora immersa, Puccinia scirpi, and Trichothecium roseum, and those found only in Płociowe Lake were Acremoniella atra, Alternaria atra, Aspergillus niger, A. versicolor, Fusarium oxysporum, Gonatobotrys simplex, Massariosphaeria scirpina, Microascus brevicaulis, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Stagonospora aquatica. Only one confirmation of the occurrence of Puccinia scirpi and the lack of other specialized obligate parasites indicate the good health of SL in DNP. The facultative parasites, inter alia, Boeremia exigua, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium culmorum, F. incarnatum, F. sacchari, Gibberella avenacea, and Stagonospora aquatica that are present on plants as part of the natural process of apoptosis may influence the health of SL.
Medicinal plants used in the Uzunköprü district of Edirne, Turkey
Authors: Güneş Fatma
Published: December 2017

This study examined the use of plants in Uzunköprü and surrounding villages in the years 2013–2015 during the flowering and fruiting season of the studied plants (March–October). Interviews were carried out face-to-face with members of the community. Fifty-seven people in 55 villages were interviewed. Overall, medicinal plants from 96 taxa belonging to 45 families were recorded. Traditional medicinal plants were used to treat 80 diseases and ailments such as diabetes, cold, flu, cough, stomachache, and hemorrhoids. According to the results, the largest eight families are Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Malvaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Brassicaceae. The most commonly used species were Anthemis cretica subsp. tenuiloba, Cotinus coggyria, Datura stramonium, Ecballium elaterium, Hypericum perforatum, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. bulgarica, Rosa canina, Sambucus ebulus, Tribulus terestris, Urtica dioica. The herbarium numbers, Latin and local names, families, village numbers, parts used, usage forms, and uses were listed alphabetically in a table. In this study, 219 local names were identified.
Sex-specific responses of Populus deltoides to defoliation
Authors: Shuxin Li , Lei Yu , Baoli Duan , Shuming Peng
Published: December 2017

There has been an increasing interest in understanding the differential effects of sexual dimorphism on plant stress responses. However, there is no clear pattern in the responses of the sexes to defoliation. In this study, the effects of different severity of artificial defoliation on biomass production, total nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration, and photosynthetic rate (PN) of male and female Populus deltoides were examined. We used half and full defoliation to observe the differences between the sexes in three harvest dates (1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after treatments). We hypothesized that female and male P. deltoides compared with an undefoliated control would have compensatory growth in response to defoliation treatments. Results showed that half and full defoliation reduced the growth of both sexes. Following half defoliation, root growth was reduced, especially in males, at T2 (4 weeks after defoliation) and T3 (8 weeks after defoliation), while males showed an increase in height increment under the half defoliation compared with the nondefoliation treatments. By contrast, females were more negatively affected by defoliation than males in terms of biomass after 8 weeks. One week after defoliation, PN increased significantly in females and males under half defoliation (+30%, +32%, respectively) and full defoliation (+58%, +56%, respectively). However, 8 weeks after defoliation, there was little difference in PN between defoliated and undefoliated female cuttings. Increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf nitrogen were observed under fully defoliated female and male cuttings. Moreover, males had less NSC concentrations following half defoliation compared with females. Our results indicate that leaf compensatory growth in male cuttings of P. deltoides was maintained by obtaining greater photosynthetic capacity, higher leaf nitrogen, and lower NSC concentration following half and full defoliation. Our results highlight that females suffered from greater negative effects than did males following half defoliation, but under full defoliation, the differences between both sexes were subtle.
Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants of Iğdır Province (East Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Altundağ Çakır Ernaz
Published: December 2017

Iğdır Province is situated in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Wild edible plants and their utilization methods have not been previously documented there. This study was conducted during an ethnobotanical survey of Iğdır Province from 2007 to 2012, in the period from May to October, when plants were in their flowering and fruiting periods. There were 210 interviews carried out in 78 villages. This study provides information about 154 wild plant taxa belonging to 27 families that have been used as foodstuffs, spices, or hot drinks. Seventeen wild edible plants were recorded for the first time during this study. Eight endemic species were reported as used for their edibility, and new local names for plants were also recorded. The cultural importance index was calculated for each taxon. The most culturally important species are Mentha longifolia, Falcaria vulgaris, Polygonum aviculare, Rosa canina, Crataegus azarolus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Malus sylvestris. This study presents the richest heritage in terms of the diversity of wild edible plants ever recorded in Turkey.
Current perspectives on the use of miRNA as a biomarker for EGFR-targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Florczuk Mateusz , Szpechciński Adam , Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna
Published: December 2017

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death from cancer in the world.
Currently, a large number of research studies are conducted to develop and implement new
treatment strategies. Intensive efforts are also made to improve the robustness of modern
molecular diagnostics to identify more precisely the specific genetic and epigenetic cancer
features (predictive biomarkers) and to adjust the most effective treatment options for individual
patients (personalized therapy). The so-called targeted therapy based on using epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is nowadays the most widely
chosen form of personalized treatment in advanced NSCLC. Favorable response to treatment
with EGFR TKIs depends on the presence of somatic mutations in EGFR gene, detectable in lung
cancer tissue. The resistance to EGFR TKIs acquired by most patients during the treatment is
the main obstacle in overcome in targeted therapy of NSCLC.
At present, epi-/genome of lung cancer is intensively screened using high-throughput techniques
(e.g. microarrays, Next-Generation Sequencing) to select novel epi-/genetic biomarkers
that could be used as predictors of the targeted treatment outcome, apart from single gene
alterations. A better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms regulating either the sensitivity
or the resistance of NSCLC cells to EGFR TKIs, through activity of small, non-coding miRNA
(microRNA) molecules, may become a breakthrough in targeted therapy of lung cancer. During
carcinogenesis, miRNAs exhibit their dual regulatory function: they promote cancer
development as oncogenes or act as tumor suppressors. From a clinical point of view, such
a dual regulatory function of microRNAs might significantly impact the further development
of targeted therapies. Moreover, stable forms of tumor-related miRNA are detected not only in
tumor tissue, but also in body fluids of NSCLC patients, particularly in their peripheral blood.
This finding provides new options of minimally invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring of
treatment effectiveness over time.
Information Literacy: Business and Workplace Information Literacy: Three Perspectives
Authors: Malafi Elizabeth , Liu Grace , Goldstein Stéphane
Published: December 2017

Businesses want workers who are critical thinking problem-solvers, who know how to find, evaluate, and use information to address work-related issues, and communicate effectively regarding those issues,1 much like the information literacy (IL) or media and information literacy (MIL) efforts worldwide recently described in this column.2 In businesses at all levels and in the workplace, IL/MIL is not a familiar phrase. Undaunted, however, librarians in many types of libraries try to help their users with these very issues. Those librarians face challenges, including constant and rapid change in directions and needs, little or no grasp of the availability of data (or lack thereof), especially on emerging topics, and the need to address and communicate work-related issues speedily, yet with valid evidence. The challenge for librarians in all types of libraries is how to support each other through sharing materials and approaches, perhaps in a new repository for workplace-related IL. The discussions that follow take a first step in that direction. Next steps could include analyzing the contents of such a repository and developing sequential supportive curricula and materials for librarians and for their users to extend and expand their business and workplace IL.—Esther Grassian, Co-Editor
Book Review: Graphic Novels: A Guide to Comic Books, Manga, and More, 2nd ed.
Authors: Presley Lisa
Published: December 2017

This timely single-volume guide is brimming with useful information for graphic novel enthusiasts. In 719 pages, author-librarians Michael Pawuk and David S. Serchay, curate a highly user-friendly resource. The contents of the guide are organized into nine chapters, each representing a different genre; individual titles are listed by genre, and if appropriate, subgenre. Each entry includes a description of the title as well as various symbols. First, symbols are used to specify whether the work has received an award; additional symbols indicate if the work is considered to be a core title, as well as symbols for titles that have connections to film, television, gaming, or anime. The authors also conveniently provide symbols that designate the age-appropriateness and recommended reading level of the title. Each of these features allows readers to identify disparate information in a single resource.
ЕФИКАСНОСТ ОДБРАНЕ НАКОН РАЗЛИЧИТИХ МЕТОДСКИХ И ТРЕНАЖНИХ ПРИСТУПА У УСЛОВИМА МАКСИМАЛНЕ СРЧАНЕ ФРЕКВЕНЦИЈЕ
Authors: Гужвица Милан , Паспаљ Дарко
Published: December 2017

На узорку од 18 испитаника, студената Високе школеунутрашњих послова из Бањалуке, подијељених на два субузорка,анализирана су два различита приступа у усавршавању и ефикасностиодбране од непознатог напада штапом. Предмет истраживања јеефикасност одбране и успостављања потпуне контроле у условимамировања и условима срчане фреквенције веће од 180 откуцаја уминуту. Основни циљ истраживања је испитивање разлика у ефектимаразличитих методских и тренажних приступа. Метод рада у контролнојгрупи се одвијао у складу са актуелним методским и тренажнимпринципима, у аеробном режиму рада, док је експерименталнагрупа радила у приближно реалним животним условима, у аеробно-анаеробном режиму. Након прикупљања података и проведенеодговарајуће статистичке процедуре, није добијена статистичказначајност разлика између група. Претпоставља се да је разлог овоме,прије свега, бојазан од међусобног повређивања, нереалан, спор инепрецизан напад и пренаглашена асистенција нападача с циљемпомагања у реализацији успјешне одбране. Вјерује се да би достизањемвисоког степена извођења основних елемената технике и њиховихвеза, високог нивоа моторичких способности испитаника, њиховомсигурношћу и самосвјешћу, као и могућношћу модификације технике усвим условима одбране, било могуће достићи ниво који би обезбиједиоутилитарност моторичких програма у реалним животним ситуацијама.Наравно, за испуњење овог циља потребно је континуирано и дуготрајновјежбање и усавршавање основних елемената технике и њихових веза,који се изучавају на предмету Специјално физичко образовање.
ОРГАНИЗОВАНИ КРИМИНАЛИТЕТ: ЗЛОЧИН VS НОРМА
Authors: Шикман Миле
Published: December 2017

Организовани криминалитет постао је ‘’популарна’’тема, коју данас подједнако користе новинари, политичари, научници,али и практичари (судије, тужиоци, полицијски службеници). Докједни сензационалистички ‘’разоткривају’’ ‘’мафије’’ и криминалнеактивности, други се ‘’заклињу’’ у ‘’борбу’’ против тог ‘’друштвеногзла’’, а трећи некритички прихватају једно или друго становиште и‘’објашњавају’’ ову појаву. Због тога и не чуде контроверзе и интригекоје прате ову појаву, па чак поједностављено и банализовано схватањеовог, и те како друштвено опасног, криминалног феномена. Заправо,одсуство објективног научног приступа детерминише наше ’’знање’’о организованом криминалитету, које се креће од устаљеног мита истереотипа, до преувеличавања и претјеривања. Такав приступ итекакоусловљава (не)разумијевање организованог криминалитета, његовеетиолошке и феноменолошке димензије, што је у директној повезаностиса инкриминисањем наведених понашања као кривичних дјела. Тозначи да се кривичноправна реакција на организовани криминалитетможе сматрати условљеном схватањем овог феномена јер само на тајначин може се дефинисати правна садржина тог феномена. Најбољипримјер јесу инкриминације понашања које сматрамо организованимкриминалитетом, које су и даље нејасне, непрецизне, неусклађене,таутолошки одређене, што свакако отежава супротстављање овомкриминалном феномену. Дакле, с једне стране имамо ‘’масовну’’ употребутермина организовани криминалитет (организовани криминал,мафија, подземље), док с друге стране имамо дефицит објективнихзнања и јасне, прецизне, усклађене норме. Како би се избјегли наведенипроблеми, потребно је организовани криминалитет схватати каозлочин у правном смислу (кршење норми кривичног права), а његовуинкриминацију одредити на такав начин који ће омогућити исправнупримјену на конкретне случајеве.
РАСПОРЕЂИВАЊЕ ПОЛИЦАЈАЦА – РАД У СМЈЕНАМА
Authors: Тодовић Драгана , Макајић-Николић Драгана , Костић-Станковић Милица , Мартић Милан
Published: December 2017

У овом раду је представљен проблем распоређивањаполицајаца полицијске станице у Републици Српској. Сврха овог радаје да се развије методологија за одређивање оптималног распоредаполицајаца у складу са начином и организацијом рада. Проблем једефинисан као проблем циљног програмирања за који је развијенматематички модел мјешовитог цјелобројног програмирања. Развијениматематички модел може да се примијени у распоређивању полицајацау полицијским станицама које имају исту или сличну организацијурада. Студија указује на то да је одређивање мјесечних распоредаполицајаца сложен и захтјеван проблем који се углавном обавља безпомоћи софтвера, а да се може значајно олакшати увођењем оваквогприступа. У раду су приказани и утицаји смјенског рада на полицајце,као и различити начини смјенског рада у полицијским станицама.
Development of an educational game based on IoT
Authors: Petrović Luka , Jezdović Ivan , Stojanović Danijela , Bogdanović Zorica , Despotović-Zrakić Marijana
Published: December 2017

Internet of Things (IoT) in combination with game based learning offers new possibilities to improve teaching and learning. Thispaper presents an example of using the IoT in education through the creation of an educational interactive game. An educational gamebased on the IoT has been developed. The developed system aims to motivate students to acquire and enhance knowledge in the field of IoT.The system is composed of a mobile application that serves as a controller for students, an administrative tool in the form of a webapplication used by the teachers, a set of assignments implemented within a smart educational environment, and a collection of web servicesused for integration of software components. The system is integrated with Moodle learning management system. The evaluation has beenconducted at the Faculty of organizational sciences, University of Belgrade, during the Summer school in Internet of Things. A group ofseven students played the game, solved the knowledge test, and gave their opinions on usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning andsatisfaction with the developed system. Results show that the game has a positive effect on students’ knowledge and attitudes, and thereforeis suitable for application within a blended learning environment.
Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842 (Ampeliscidae) of the Sakhalin Shelf in the Okhotsk Sea starve in summer and feast in winter
Authors: Durkina Valentina B. , Chapman John W. , Demchenko Natalia L.
Published: December 2017

Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842 of the Sakhalin Shelf of the Okhotsk Sea, Far Eastern Russia, comprise the highest known biomass concentration of any amphipod population in the world and are a critically important prey source for western gray whales. The high prevalence of atrophied ovaries, undersized and damaged oocytes, undersized broods of embryos and the absence of terminal phase males or females brooding fully formed juveniles among these populations in late spring and early fall are consistent with trophic stress and starvation. A. eschrichtii therefore appear to starve in summer and grow and reproduce in late fall and winter. In summer, these populations, occur below water strata containing the bulk of phytoplankton biomass and appear more likely to receive their trophic sources with vertical mixing that occurs in winter.
Grain Boundary Sliding in High‐Temperature Deformation of Directionally Solidified hcp Zn Alloys and Implications for the Deformation Mechanism of Earth's Inner Core
Authors: Bergman Michael I. , Yu James , Lewis Daniel J. , Parker Grant K.
Published: December 2017

Earth's inner core exhibits elastic anisotropy, but the cause of the texturing is uncertain: solidification, deformation, or some combination. In experiments presented here we deformed in torsion directionally solidified Zn‐3 wt pct Sn alloys at 0.97 of the melting temperature of pure Zn. We used a Zn‐rich alloy because Zn is hexagonal close‐packed at atmospheric pressure, as is likely Fe under inner core conditions. The directionally solidified alloys have the textured, columnar dendritic microstructure that has been proposed for the inner core. As a control we deformed in torsion the same alloy at the same temperature, but with a starting microstructure that is comparatively fine‐grained, equiaxed, and untextured. We find evidence that the directionally solidified alloys deform by means of grain boundary sliding, presumably accompanied by diffusion near the ends of the columnar crystals in order to preserve macroscopic shape. We also find that the directionally solidified alloys require approximately 3 times the torque to deform to the same strain than do the untextured alloys. Grain boundary sliding and greater hardness are due to insufficient slip systems to accommodate the strain, as a result of the texturing. This is supported by microcracking in the deformed directionally solidified alloys. Although the inner core is unlikely to exhibit semibrittle deformation, the experiments suggest that a directionally solidified inner core could have a higher viscosity than one with a finer‐grained, untextured microstructure and that grain boundary sliding may be a dominant deformation mechanism, in spite of the large grain size.
Segmentation of Slow Slip Events in South Central Alaska Possibly Controlled by a Subducted Oceanic Plateau
Authors: Li Haotian , Wei Meng , Li Duo , Liu Yajing , Kim YoungHee , Zhou Shiyong
Published: December 2017

Recent GPS observations show that slow slip events in south central Alaska are segmented along strike. Here we review several mechanisms that might contribute to this segmentation and focus on two: along‐strike variation of slab geometry and effective normal stress. We then test them by running numerical simulations in the framework of rate‐and‐state friction with a nonplanar fault geometry. Results show that the segmentation is most likely related to the along‐strike variation of the effective normal stress on the fault plane caused by the Yakutat Plateau. The Yakutat Plateau could affect the effective normal stress by either lowering the pore pressure in Upper Cook Inlet due to less fluids release or increasing the normal stress due to the extra buoyancy caused by the subducted Yakutat Plateau. We prefer the latter explanation because it is consistent with the relative amplitudes of the effective normal stress in Upper and Lower Cook Inlet and there is very little along‐strike variation in Vp/Vs ratio in the fault zone from receiver function analysis. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the difference in effective normal stress results from along‐strike variation of pore pressure due to the uncertainties in the Vp/Vs estimates. Our work implies that a structural anomaly can have a long‐lived effect on the subduction zone slip behavior and might be a driving factor on along‐strike segmentation of slow slip events.
Wind Effects on Flow Patterns and Net Fluxes in Density‐Driven High‐Latitude Channel Flow
Authors: Huntley Helga S. , Ryan Patricia
Published: December 2017

A semianalytic two‐dimensional model is used to analyze the interplay between the different forces acting on density‐driven flow in high‐latitude channels. In particular, the balance between wind stress, viscous forces, baroclinicity, and sea surface slope adjustments under specified flux conditions is examined. Weak winds are found not to change flow patterns appreciably, with minimal (<7%) adjustments to horizontal velocity maxima. In low‐viscosity regimes, strong winds change the flow significantly, especially at the surface, by either strengthening the dual‐jet pattern, established without wind, by a factor of 2–3 or initiating return flow at the surface. A nonzero flux does not result in the addition of a uniform velocity throughout the channel cross section, but modifies both along‐channel and cross‐channel velocities to become more symmetric, dominated by a down‐channel jet centered in the domain and counter‐clockwise lateral flow. We also consider formulations of the model that allow adjustments of the net flux in response to the wind. Flow patterns change, beyond uniform intensification or weakening, only for strong winds and high Ekman number. Comparisons of the model results to observational data collected in Nares Strait in the Canadian Archipelago in the summer of 2007 show rough agreement, but the model misses the upstream surface jet on the east side of the strait and propagates bathymetric effects too strongly in the vertical for this moderately high eddy viscosity. Nonetheless, the broad strokes of the observed high‐latitude flow are reproduced.
Influence of Glacier Melting and River Discharges on the Nutrient Distribution and DIC Recycling in the Southern Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Vargas Cristian A. , Cuevas L. Antonio , Silva Nelson , González Humberto E. , De Pol‐Holz Ricardo , Narváez Diego A.
Published: December 2017

The Chilean Patagonia constitutes one of the most important and extensive fjord systems worldwide, therefore can be used as a natural laboratory to elucidate the pathway of both organic and inorganic matter in the receiving environment. In this study we use data collected during an intensive oceanographic cruise along the Magellan Strait into the Almirantazgo Fjord in southern Patagonia to evaluate how different sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and recycling may impact particulate organic carbon (POC) δ13C and influence the nutrients and carbonate system spatial distribution. The carbonate system presented large spatial heterogeneity. The lowest total alkalinity and DIC were associated to freshwater dilution observed near melting glaciers. The δ13CDIC analysis suggests that most DIC in the upper 50 m depth was not derived from terrestrial organic matter remineralization. 13C‐depleted riverine and ice‐melting DIC influence the DIC pool along the study area, but due to that DIC concentration from rivers and glaciers is relatively low, atmospheric carbon contribution or biological processes seem to be more relevant. Intense undersaturation of CO2 was observed in high chlorophyll waters. Respired DIC coming from the bottom waters seems to be almost insignificant for the inorganic carbon pool and therefore do not impact significantly the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon and POC in the upper 50 m depth. Considering the combined effect of cold and low alkalinity waters due to ice melting, our results highlight the importance of these processes in determining corrosive waters for CaCO3 and local acidification processes associated to calving glacier in fjord ecosystems.
Topography Controls the Abundance of Siberian Larch Forest
Authors: Sato Hisashi , Kobayashi Hideki
Published: December 2017

Larch trees are the dominant elements of coniferous forests in Eastern Siberia, and its abundance largely depends on local hydrological conditions, which are predominantly mediated by topographic properties at the 100 m scale. The present study evaluated how geographic heterogeneity of the larch forest is formed with a special focus on topography and its related environmental heterogeneity. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted for larch‐dominated areas to aggregate the geographic correlations among environmental variables, namely, topographic properties, flooding risk, and climatic variables. In the PCA, the first three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) explained the 63.6% of geographical heterogeneity of environmental variables. PC1, PC2, and PC3 were tightly correlated with the environmental gradient along latitude, soil water holding capacity, and slope aspect, respectively. Employing these first three PCs as independent variables, a multiple regression equation was calculated to explain geographic heterogeneity of larch LAI. The multiple regression equation extracted trends that the larch LAI becomes higher for environmental conditions of (1) lower latitude, (2) higher soil water holding capacity until a certain threshold, and (3) south‐faced slope. The 2 × 2 contingency tables of inundation risks and presence of larch forest showed that larch forests avoid areas threatened by flooding. These results suggest that topographic properties, besides climatic environment, control the abundance of larch forest via both drought and flooding stresses in Eastern Siberia.
Reply to Comment by Lu et al. on “An Efficient and Stable Hydrodynamic Model With Novel Source Term Discretization Schemes for Overland Flow and Flood Simulations”
Authors: Xia Xilin , Liang Qiuhua , Ming Xiaodong , Hou Jingming
Published: December 2017

This document addresses the comments raised by Lu et al. (2017). Lu et al. (2017) proposed an alternative numerical treatment for implementing the fully implicit friction discretization in Xia et al. (2017). The method by Lu et al. (2017) is also effective, but not necessarily easier to implement or more efficient. The numerical wiggles observed by Lu et al. (2017) do not affect the overall solution accuracy of the surface reconstruction method (SRM). SRM introduces an antidiffusion effect, which may also lead to more accurate numerical predictions than hydrostatic reconstruction (HR) but may be the cause of the numerical wiggles. As suggested by Lu et al. (2017), HR may perform equally well if fine enough grids are used, which has been investigated and recognized in the literature. However, the use of refined meshes in simulations will inevitably increase computational cost and the grid sizes as suggested are too small for real‐world applications.
Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne)
Authors: Eck Werner
Published: December 2017

The Germanic tribe of the Ubii settled in Caesar's time on the right bank of the Rhine, around the river Lahn, with their center at the Dünsberg. Then, in 19/18
bc,
Agrippa, Augustus’ son‐in‐law, settled a major part of the Ubii on the left bank of the Rhine bend at Cologne. This settlement would be given the status of
colonia
in
ad
50. Its manifest prosperity was based on cereal production and the manufacture of glass and pottery. With the increasing instability of the region from the mid‐third century, its fortunes fluctuated until it finally fell to the Germans some time in the first half of the fifth century.
Bakers and baking
Authors: Morgan Harry
Published: December 2017

Bakers (Greekartokopoi/artopoioi/artopōloi, Latinpistores) played an indispensable role in the ancient food supply. Bread was the basic staple of the ancient diet, and its production was of central concern to communities across the Mediterranean. In Classical Athens and in imperial Rome, citizens were served by large commercialized bakeries. Baking is also widely attested in domestic contexts as a servile or female activity. Professional bakers were usually responsible for all stages of the milling and bread‐making process. While some bakers achieved great wealth and social prestige, baking on the whole was frowned upon by ancient authors; it was not uncommon for bakers to come into conflict with civic authorities in times of grain shortage.
Deer
Authors: King Charles W.
Published: December 2017

Deer is the collective name of a group of quadruped and (usually) horned animal species that range widely throughout Eurasia. They appear frequently in ancient art and mythology.
Firewood
Authors: Veal Robyn J.
Published: December 2017

Wood was the main fuel of the ancient world, with fossil fuels little understood. Agricultural residues (e.g., chaff, nutshells, olive oil pressing residues), and even animal bones, also played their part in the fuel supply, especially in poorly wooded areas. Dead wood, as well as easily collected fresh wood, usually in small dimensions, was the preferred fuel. These smaller diameter woods (ca. three to perhaps 10 cm in diameter) were cropped regularly, providing a renewable resource. Wood fuel was also made into charcoal, which was consumed both domestically and industrially, especially for the smelting and smithing of metals, and in particular in iron making. Historical sources on firewood are few, with firewood consumption patterns through time being observed through collection of charcoal from archaeological sites; followed by identification of the wood types under a microscope. These are then interpreted in light of the site's cultural, economic, and climatic background.