bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Совмещение работы и учебы в вузе: новые практики или новые смыслы
Authors: Harchenko Vera
Published: July 2015

Харченко Вера Сергеевна — ассистент кафедры теоретической и прикладной социологии факультета социологии ФГБОУ ВПО «Уральский государственный педагогический университет», дипломант конкурса научных работ молодых ученых 2012 г. Эл. адрес: verakharchenko@yandex.ru Адрес: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Уральский государственный педагогический университет» — Россия, 620017, г. Екатеринбург, пр. Космонавтов, д. 26.На основании эмпирических данных проанализированы особенности выбора студентами, совмещающими очное обучение в вузе с оплачиваемой работой, места обучения, их мотивы к занятию трудовой деятельностью и способы поиска работы в период обучения, а также специфика одного из вариантов совмещения работы и учебы в вузе — фриланса.В результате анализа критериев выбора абитуриентами места обучения, установлено, что у большинства из них отсутствует конкретное видение будущей профессии, необходимых навыков, умений, компетенций.При анализе мотивов совмещения учебы и работы основное внимание сфокусировано на рассмотрении позитивных причин: желании получить опыт работы по найму (основанное на соответствующих предпочтениях работодателей), намерении осваивать избранную специальность на практике (ориентированность на перспективы устройства на более высокооплачиваемые позиции), стремлении занять место на рынке труда до получения диплома (минимизация рисков, связанных с трудоустройством).Описан появившийся на современном рынке труда новый тип работника — студент-фрилансер. Такие студенты осваивают необходимые на современном рынке труда информационно-коммуникационные технологии, получают навыки индивидуальной ответственности и самообразования, что после окончания вуза дает им конкурентные преимущества при трудоустройстве. Однако эти преимущества были бы гораздо значительнее, если бы сфера их деятельности при работе по модели фриланса одновременно с учебой соответствовала получаемой в вузе специальности.Дальнейшее изучение этой группы студентов позволит разработать адекватную молодежную политику в сфере высшего профессионального образования.
On Selecting Relevant Covariates and Correlation Structure in Longitudinal Binary Model: Analyzing Impact of Height on Type II Diabetes
Authors: Hoque Md. Erfanul , Khokan Mahfuzur Rahman , Bari Wasimul
Published: July 2015

To examine the impact of height on the occurrence of Type II diabetes, a longitudinal binary data set has been analyzed.  The relevant covariates were selected by using quasi-likelihood based information criteria (QIC) and correlation information criteria (CIC) was used to select the correlation structure appropriate for the repeated binary responses.  The consistent and efficient estimates of regression parameters were obtained from the generalized estimating equations (GEE).  With the selected covariates height, education level, gender and unstructured correlation structure, it is found that there exists a statistically significant inverse relationship between height of an individual and the development of Type II diabetes. Risk Ratios for different covariates along with standard errors and confidence intervals are also given.
Influence of method Thoracic-Abdominal Rebalance on parameters cardiorespiratory in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Silva Leandro Marques da , Monteiro Elizângela de Sousa , Miranda Bruno Silva , Silva Clesio Rafael Lopes da , Costa Anne Shirley Menezes
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, systemic disorder characterized by generalized dysfunction of exocrine glands, with chronic progressive evolution. The Thoracic-Abdominal Rebalancing (TAR) aims to encourage ventilation and promote the removal of pulmonary secretions. Objective: To evaluate the influence of TAR on cardiorespiratory parameters in CF patients. Method: This is an exploratory retrospective study of case series, which involved eight patients with CF, of both sexes, aged 3-24 years, who underwent TAR. Records of information was extracted on the identification, age, gender, time of diagnosis and general clinical status, as well as the data of the cardiorespiratory parameters: Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (FR), blood pressure (BP) and Saturation peripheral oxygen (SpO2), before and after each service. To compare the values, we used the parametric Student t test for paired samples, with statistical significance level of p = 0.05. Results: Male gender was prevalent in 62.5% of the sample analyzed. The mean age was 12.12 ± 7.20 years. The median time to diagnosis was around 10.11 ± 5.48 years. Comparing the total average values, verified a decrease of BP and HR variables after the completion of the TAR. However, no statistically significant difference, since there was obtained, respectively, p = 0.097 / p = 0.062. However, the RR showed a significant decrease (p = 0.012) and SpO2 (p = 0.030), which showed an increase after the implementation of the method. Conclusion: The TAR may influence the cardiorespiratory variables in CF patients, is showing to be a safe technique and of great importance in the treatment of these patients.
Novos materiais de araripemys barretoi da Formação Romualdo (Albiano - Bacia do Araripe), Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Carvalho Anny Rafaela de Araújo , Barreto Alcina Magnólia Franca
Published: July 2015

A Bacia Sedimentar do Araripe é famosa mundialmente por apresentar uma alta diversidade e excelente preservação de fósseis (Konservat-Lagerstätte). Uma de suas unidades litoestratigráficas, a Formação Romualdo (Albiano), apresenta um importante registro de quelônios da subordem Pleurodira. Até o momento, todavia, não havia registro da ocorrência desses vertebrados na porção SW da Bacia, no estado de Pernambuco. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a identificação e descrição osteológica dos primeiros fósseis de quelônio da Fm. Romualdo no Araripe pernambucano. Os restos são procedentes dos municípios de Ouricuri e Araripina, extremo oeste do estado. Eles encontram-se preservados em concreções calcárias, e correspondem a dois indivíduos da mesma espécie, dos quais preservou-se essencialmente a carapaça. Puderam ser identificados fragmentos de costelas e vértebras, placas periféricas e impressões das placas neurais, pleurais e suprapigal. Os fósseis foram identificados como pertencentes à espécie Araripemys barretoi, um Pleurodira de pescoço longo e casco achatado. O registro aqui apresentado não só amplia a ocorrência geográfica desse táxon, mas também oferece novas localidades para o estudo de fósseis da Fm. Romualdo no Araripe pernambucano.
Avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade e estabilidade térmica de méis produzidos na região de Sousa-PB
Authors: Wanderley R. O. S. , Wanderley P. A. , Dantas M. B. , Machado A. V. , Maracajá P. B.
Published: July 2015

Grande parte do mel produzido na cidade de Sousa-PB, e localidades vizinhas é comercializado, sem rotulagem nutricional ou registro, especialmente em feiras livres ou comércio informal. Fatos que aumentam o risco de adulterações e deixam o consumidor desprotegido. Após a colheita, o mel continua sofrendo modificações físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais. Isto gera a necessidade de produzi-lo dentro de níveis elevados de qualidade, controlando todas as etapas do seu processamento, para que possa garantir um produto de boa qualidade. Inserido nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização físico-química, microbiológica e estabilidade térmica dos méis de abelha Apis mellífera produzidos na e comercializados na região de Sousa-PB, e, comparar suas propriedades físico-químicas com as dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação Brasileira de controle e qualidade de mel. As analises físico-químicas e microbiológicas foram realizadas no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba - Campus Sousa. Os resultados mostraram que o teor de umidade variou entre 16 a 20,7%, respeitando o limite máximo exigido pela legislação Brasileira. Na determinação de cinzas todas as amostras analisadas encontram-se em concordância com a legislação,. Dentre todas as médias, a maior variação teve destaque para a acidez o qual teve grande diferença entre a média mínima 27,23 e máxima 75,93 meq.kg-1.. As curvas TG/DTG apresentaram cinco etapas de decomposição térmica com comportamentos térmicos semelhantes. Os parâmetros analisados neste estudo encontram-se na maioria dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação brasileira para méis e de acordo com as analises microbiológicas o mel não se encontra contaminado, estando assim apropriado para o consumo
Who loses? Tracking ecosystem service redistribution from road development and mitigation in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Mandle Lisa , Tallis Heather , Sotomayor Leonardo , Vogl Adrian L
Published: July 2015

Development projects must increasingly include mitigation actions to offset their negative environmental and social impacts. However, current mitigation approaches can exacerbate social inequality by ignoring how the spatial location of offsets affects the benefits local people receive from ecosystem services (ES). Here, we present a method for tracking changes in ES benefits resulting from development and mitigation actions. To demonstrate this approach, we use as an example a proposed road through the Peruvian Amazon. We assessed the road's ES impacts and prioritized offsets in a socially equitable way. We found that the road is likely to have a disproportionate negative effect on drinking‐water quality for nearby indigenous communities, and that offsets cannot fully compensate for these impacts. Equity was improved by including ES in spatial prioritization of mitigation. Including ES information in a “serviceshed”‐based approach reduced average remaining, unmitigated impacts to drinking‐water quality more than fourfold for sediment, 16‐fold for nitrogen, and 38‐fold for phosphorus loads, as compared with the impacts seen when offsets were sited based on methods relying on ecological processes alone.
Terrestrial organic matter input suppresses biomass production in lake ecosystems
Authors: Karlsson Jan , Bergström Ann-Kristin , Byström Pär , Gudasz Cristian , Rodríguez Patricia , Hein Catherine
Published: July 2015

Terrestrial ecosystems export large amounts of organic carbon (t‐OC) but the net effect of this OC on the productivity of recipient aquatic ecosystems is largely unknown. In this study of boreal lakes, we show that the relative contribution of t‐OC to individual top consumer (fish) biomass production, and to most of their potential prey organisms, increased with the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; dominated by t‐OC sources) in water. However, the biomass and production of top consumers decreased with increasing concentration of DOC, despite their substantial use (up to 60%) of t‐OC. Thus, the results suggest that although t‐OC supports individual consumer growth in lakes to a large extent, t‐OC input suppresses rather than subsidizes population biomass production.
Intellectual Capital at Risk: Data Management Practices and Data Loss by Faculty Members at Five American Universities
Authors: Schumacher Jaime , VandeCreek Drew
Published: July 2015

A study of 56 professors at five American universities found that a majority had little understanding of principles, well-known in the field of data curation, informing the ongoing administration of digital materials and chose to manage and store work-related data by relying on the use of their own storage devices and cloud accounts. It also found that a majority of them had experienced the loss of at least one work-related digital object that they considered to be important in the course of their professional career. Despite such a rate of loss, a majority of respondents expressed at least a moderate level of confidence that they would be able to make use of their digital objects in 25 years. The data suggest that many faculty members are unaware that their data is at risk. They also indicate a strong correlation between faculty membersâ€™ digital object loss and their data management practices. University professors producing digital objects can help themselves by becoming aware that these materials are subject to loss. They can also benefit from awareness and use of better personal data management practices, as well as participation in university-level programmatic digital curation efforts and the availability of more readily accessible, robust infrastructure for the storage of digital materials.
Cytohistological and immunohistochemical characteristics of vascular remodelling in diseases of the blood vessels
Authors: Lackovic Vesna , Vukovic Irena
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION. Vascular remodelling is an adaptive process involving the
adjustment of the structure and function of blood vessels to long-term
changes in haemodynamic conditions. This process leads to structural
alterations within vessel walls in different cardiovascular diseases, such as
hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coarctation of the aorta. OBJECTIVE. We
investigated the histochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of
morphological lesions in coronary atherosclerosis and coarctation of the
aorta. METHOD. Twenty-one samples of atherosclerotically modified right
coronary arteries, divided into 6 segments, were analysed. We also examined
10 samples of coarctation segments, excised during surgery. The segments were
stained histochemically (using orcein and alcian blue-PAS),
immunocytochemically (using ?-smooth muscle actin-?-SMA, vimentin, desmin,
myosin heavy chains-MHC, CD3, CD45, S-100, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear
Antigen-PCNA), and for electron microscopy. RESULTS. The results of our study
of morphological lesions in coronary atherosclerosis demonstrated initial
functional and then, in the later stages of atherosclerosis, morphological,
damage to the endothelium. The preatheroma stage revealed the presence of
intimal dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells, with the expression of
vimentin and ?-SMA, and the lack of expression of desmin. Along with these
changes, a huge number of foam cells of variant origin were noticed. Some of
them were CD68-immunoreactive while others were both vimentin- and
S-100-immunoreactive. All examined samples of the coarctation of the aorta
demonstrated the presence of dedifferentiated smooth muscle cells as well as
a diminution in cell numbers, followed by apoptotic smooth muscle cells, and
the absence of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION. Some foam cells develop from
monocytemacrophage lineage (CD68-immunoreactive), while others originate from
smooth muscle cells (vimentin and S-100- immunoreactive). Coarctation of the
aorta is characterised by a diminution in cell numbers (apoptosis) as well as
their dedifferentiation from contractile to synthetic phenotype.
Adolescent health
Authors: Roncevic Nevenka
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION. Growth, development, and adaptation to numerous internal
changes, as well as the changing roles of adolescents within the family and
the community often take place within an environment of drug abuse, increased
sexual freedom, weakened family structure, and under the strong influence of
the media. Confronted with these pressures, adolescents often develop risky
behaviours, which are also important health risks. Up to 75% of deaths and
serious morbidity in adolescence is associated with risky behaviours.
OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study is to establish the frequency and types of
risky behaviours in adolescents, as well as the characteristics of
adolescents and families that engage in risky behaviours. METHOD. We
performed this research with the help of 789 adolescents, aged 10 to 19, from
elementary and secondary schools in Novi Sad. The questionnaire included
items on risky behaviours in adolescents, based on: age, sex, school
achievement, and family characteristics: family composition, socioeconomic
status, emotional support, family conflicts, and risky behaviours of other
family members. RESULTS. The results demonstrated that a high percentage of
adolescents in Novi Sad engage in risky behaviours. Significantly more girls
than boys engage in numerous risky behaviours. In comparison to their peers,
adolescents from poor families, from families with either one or both parents
unemployed, from families with inadequate emotional support, from families
with frequent conflicts, or from families whose members themselves engage in
different risky behaviours, engage in numerous risky behaviours significantly
more often. CONCLUSION. Considering the fact that adolescent engagement in
risky behaviours significantly affects adolescent morbidity and mortality, it
is essential to implement comprehensive preventative programmes, which should
include all adolescents before they start to engage in risky behaviours. In
this process, the most important role belongs to the family. However, the
entire community, schools, and health workers, should also play an active
part.
Individualisation of therapy in acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Popovic Stevan
Published: July 2015

Acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia involves the dynamic and individual coupling
of four groups of significant prognostic factors: biological potential of the
patient, leukaemic clone, normal haematopoiesis, and therapy. The active,
dynamic, and timely prognosis of an unfavourable outcome represents a solid
basis for the individual adaptation of antileukaemic and supportive therapy.
A part of the ANLL NS 03 programme for the individualised therapy of acute
nonlymphoblastic leukaemia in patients no older than 60 years will be
described. The programme is based on a network of prognostic models,
identifying predictors and preventive measures against an unfavourable
outcome. The crucial point of the ANLL NS 03 programme is to determine the
optimal timing for the transplantation of allogeneic and autologous
haematopoietic stem cells. Indicators of early death include the age of the
patient, infection, and hemorrhagic syndrome. According to our models, the
predictors of fatal bleeding and fatal infection are hyperleukocytosis,
leucopenia, and granulocytopenia, respectively. Resistance to cytostatics can
be predicted on day 14 from the onset of therapy using two original
cytological-mathematical parameters: the absolute blast count (ABC) forming
the intensity dimension, and parameter S forming the selectivity dimension,
of the early effects of the first induction treatment. The ABC and S values
determine the structure and timing of the second induction treatment.
Transplantation of autologous and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells within
the ANLL NS 03 programme is applied selectively during the early stages of
the first remission in patients at high risk of an early relapse. Predictors
of early relapse are leukocyte counts higher than 30x109/l, remission
induction during the second treatment, and the presence of myelodysplasia. In
all other patient categories and in patients with cytogenetically favourable
forms of acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia, transplantation is postponed until
the second remission of the disease.
Active and passive smoking - attitudes and opinion of the students
Authors: Kosic-Bibic Nada , Dragas Zorica , Vukmirovic Vesna , Pinter Snezana
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION. The concern is present worldwide as the tobacco use and smoking
is becoming more and more common in young generation. Spread of tobacco use
epidemics is a global problem with serious consequences to social, economic
and ecological life as well as on health. OBJECTIVE. To collect information
about tobacco use in students aged 13-15 years in school in Subotica, their
knowledge and standing about smoking as well as level of advertisement and
availability of purchasing tobacco and tobacco products. It should include
the level of passive smoking, i.e. exposure to tobacco smoke and health
education in curriculum. METHOD. Application of statistical study involving
327 students aged 13-15 years in 4 elementary and 2 high schools in Subotica,
in October 2003. ?Global youth tobacco survey? was the statistical study that
was used after required permits had been granted. RESULTS. A total of 41.5%
of students tried cigarette smoking, more girls (43.4%) than boys (38.6%;
p>0.05); 52.6% of first grade of high school students, 37.6% of eighth grade
and 33.9% seventh grade students (?2=9.081; DF=2; p<0.05). 7.4% students were
regular smokers, and 14.8% smoked at least 3 weeks in the last month.
Knowledge of students about the harmful effect of smoking was not
satisfactory. Advertisement of tobacco product is highly present in media,
and cigarettes are available easily. The level of passive smoking was also
very high: 24.8% of parents were smokers, i.e. fathers accounted for 23.2%,
and mothers accounted for 17% of cases. 28.7% of teachers smoked in school
building. Educational and health programs in the schools are not
satisfactory. CONCLUSION. The research shows that the use of tobacco products
in student population is serious. It seems necessary to make an effective
program which will control the use of tobacco products in early age of
student population.
Of smoking habit on respiratory function in young asthmatics: Follow-up study from 16-30 years of age
Authors: Radic Snezana , Zivkovic Zorica , Erdeljan Nada , Smiljanic Spomenka , Lakovic Goran
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION. Smoking habit of 54 asthmatics was followed for 15 years.
OBJECTIVE. To examine if there was any difference of lung function tests
between smoking and nonsmoking young asthmatics METHOD. Based on
questionnaires, clinical examinations, lung function tests and skin prick
tests, 54 adolescents with asthma were separated out of 1134 pupils of one
Belgrade high school. They were followed-up till the age of 30. RESULTS.
62.9% of subjects were females and 37.1% were males. Average age at the
beginning was 16.3 and 29.6 at the end of study. In 13.0% of subjects, the
asthma manifested in the first year of life, in 72.2% between 2-6 years of
age and in 14.8% of our subjects, the asthma developed after 7th year. The
symptoms of asthma in last 12 months were present in 54.8% of our subjects at
the age of 16, compared to 77.8% of asthmatics with asthma symptoms at the
age of 30. Percent of smokers increased cumulatively from 16.7% at the
beginning of study up to 57.5% upon its completion. Number of cigarettes
increased from 7.5% to 16.5% cig/day in a smoker from the adolescent period
until the end of study, with no difference in relation to sex. Average
duration of smoking experience was 11.5 years, no difference in relation to
gender. Values of VC, FVC, FEV1, PEF and MEF75 were always lower in
asthmatics-smokers, but with no statistical difference. Tiffeneau index,
MEF25 and MEF50 were statistically lower in the smoking group at the age of
30 compared to their values at the age of 21. CONCLUSION. Smoking does affect
lung function of asthmatics that started to smoke and Tiffeneu index, MEF25
and MEF50 were statistically lower as early as at the age of 30.
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in school children of Nis
Authors: Nikolic Maja , Nikic Dragana , Lazarevic Konstansa
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION. There is relatively strong evidence among children showing that
passive smoking is associated with respiratory symptoms and respiratory
diseases, but few studies have been carried out in Serbian population.
OBJECTIVE. Establishment of association between exposure to tobacco smoke
within family and prevalence of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms in
school children. METHOD. In this descriptive epidemiological study, studied
population consisted of 533 school children, 12.96?1.54 years old, residents
of Nis town, from the area with identical open air pollution. Environmental
tobacco smoke exposure was recorded in 382 children. Data about symptoms in
children, conditions of habitation, presence of pets and hereditary
predisposition were entered into structured questionnaire. RESULTS. T-test
and ?2-test statistics showed no significant difference of living conditions,
hereditary predisposition among children and average time which passive
smoker and nonsmoker children spent indoors. In both groups, the upper
respiratory symptoms were more frequent (42.4%-80.2%) in comparison to lower
respiratory symptoms (14.4%-25.7%). There was significant difference of the
upper and lower respiratory symptoms between the exposed children and control
group (?2=9.7>?2 (1.005) =3.8, p>0.05 - for the upper and ? 2 =4.4 >? 2
(1.005) =3.8, p>0.05 - for the lower respiratory symptoms). Primary health
care need for respiratory symptoms and diseases due to effect of passive
smoking was higher in the exposed children. CONCLUSION. The results provide
evidence of adverse respiratory effects of passive smoking to children being
exposed to smoke in domestic setting. These findings emphasize the need for
effective measures of prevention of involuntary smoking during childhood in
Serbia.
The role of pentoxifylline in nitrogen conversion in patients suffering from diabetic phlegmona of the foot
Authors: Vukovic Mira , Lapcevic Mirjana
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION. It is known that pentoxifylline is the only medicament to date
which has been clinically proven to lead to nitrogen conversion in uremic
patients. Positive results of application of pentoxifylline in prevention of
systemic inflammatory response syndrome have also been published, as well as
in prevention and treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
OBJECTIVE. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of four-day
treatment with pentoxifylline in a dose of 300 mg dissolved in 500 ml of
normal saline, administered as 20-hour intravenous infusion per day, on the
conversion of nitrogen in 11 patients suffering from diabetic phlegmona of
the foot, and with pathological values of urea and creatinine. METHOD. All
patients had 3 repeated negative blood cultures, and at least one positive
out of three wound swabs. Seven patients were insulin independent, and 4
insulin dependent. Before treatment, all patients had pathological findings
of white blood cells, in the form of granulocytosis, with appearance of young
cells. Patients were prescribed adequate antibiotics according to drug
susceptibility test, and glycemia was monitored every 6 hours, with
correction of diabetes therapy. Patient?s dressings were changed once a day,
while urea and creatinine were checked immediately before the onset of
pentoxifylline therapy, as well as after four days of therapy. Statistical
analysis was done using the McNemar test for linked sample. RESULTS. The
results showed that pathological values of white blood cells persisted in all
patients, and after four days of therapy, blood urea restored to normal in 9
patients (Z=-3; p=0.003), and blood creatinine in 10 patients (Z=-3, 162;
p=0.002). There was no need to make corrections of diabetes therapy.
CONCLUSION. It can be concluded that pentoxifylline can prevent further
degradation of nitrogen in patients suffering from phlegmona of the foot,
decreasing the catabolic effect of infection, most probably by inhibiting the
effect of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, without any significant
effect on leukocytosis during four days of treatment.
Air pollution and population health
Authors: Kristoforovic-Ilic Miroslava , Ilic Miroslav
Published: July 2015

In the last few decades, there has been increased population concern for
quality of environment, for it is, after life style, the second risk factor
of disease development. Particular problem is that a large majority of
serious impairments of health is manifested only after a long latent period,
so it is not always possible to establish clear association with
environmental factors. It is considered today that around 40% of lethal cases
are caused by polluted environment in various ways, while environment is the
most important etiologic factor in 5% of disease incidence. Problems arising
due to environment pollution are most frequently related to air pollution.
The World Resource Institute, Washington, has developed the indicators for
evaluation of risk of environment pollution to population health. There is
one common indicator both for developed and developing countries - air
pollution. EPA recommended new standards for some polluting substances. The
document reviewed these standards and their implementation in our community.
New Law on Environment Protection (?Official Gazette of RS? No. 135/2004)
from December 20th, 2004, followed by relevant documents on air quality,
should be beneficial to experts at the level of subtle diagnostics and
proposal of adequate measures with a view to improve the quality of life.
Life and work of dr. Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj
Authors: Lesic Aleksandar , Bumbasirevic Marko , Zizic-Borjanovic Slavica
Published: July 2015

The year of 2004 was the 100th anniversary of death of the poet and physician
Dr. Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj. Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj was born in 1833 in Novi Sad,
and died in 1904 in Sremska Kamenica J.J. Zmaj himself studied law and worked
in the Novi Sad magistrate court. It was not until he turned 30 that he began
practicing medicine. He developed as a poet as early as during his studies.
He remained loyal to the vocations of physician and poet throughout his life.
He wrote over 5000 poems, ranging from those for children through those for
adults and those with which he addressed the rulers satirically. He was a
founder of a number of magazines (Javor, Neven, Komarac, Danica). At that
time of Romanticism, the work of J.J. Zmaj also had a national character.
However, he succeeded in achieving something more: he introduced a literary
genre till then unknown in Serb literature - literature for children. Through
his genre he promoted not only Serbian language but also hygiene, by which he
played a significant health care role, similar to that played by his friend
Milan Jovanovic Batut, only from a different aspect. He also used to draw,
and his drawing of the emblem of the Serbian Literary Association has
remained on the cover of every book published by it until these days.
Why are 10-K Filings So Long?
Authors: Cazier Richard A. , Pfeiffer Ray J.
Published: July 2015

SYNOPSIS

This study provides evidence on relative magnitudes of factors that appear to drive 10-K length. We employ statistical analysis and text analysis software to partition 10-K length into the portions explained by each of three fundamental determinants: (1) firms' operating complexity, (2) disclosure redundancy, and (3) residual disclosure. Our primary analyses shed light on the relative magnitudes of each of these components and on the extent to which each varies across firms. Disclosure redundancy and operating complexity explain roughly equal amounts of variation in 10-K length within our sample. However, 10-K length unexplained by redundancy or firms' operating complexity (residual disclosure) accounts for the largest degree of variation in 10-K length. Our results are consistent with the notion that a substantial amount of disclosure volume contained in 10-K reports is attributable to managerial discretion in how firms respond to mandatory disclosure requirements. Our study expands prior literature that has focused largely on the consequences of 10-K length and provides important insights for policy makers and regulators seeking to improve disclosure requirements.

Data Availability: Data available upon request.
Fair Value Opinion Shopping
Authors: Salzsieder Leigh
Published: July 2015

This study reports the results of an experiment designed to provide empirical evidence related to fair value opinion shopping. The experiment provides initial evidence that managers are likely to shop for fair value opinions from external valuation professionals in the absence of a requirement to disclose that behavior to the board or auditor. Disclosure becomes a meaningful deterrent when the beneficiary of opinion shopping is perceived to be the manager. However, disclosure is an ineffective deterrent when the beneficiary is perceived to be shareholders.
Fracture of the Scaphoid During a Bench-Press Exercise
Authors: Mason John S. , Crowell Michael S. , Goss Donald L.
Published: August 2015

The patient was a 21-year-old male cadet at a military academy who was evaluated by a physical therapist in a direct-access capacity for a chief complaint of left wrist pain that began 1 day after injuring his wrist while performing a bench-press exercise. Due to concern for a scaphoid fracture and because radiographic imaging was not immediately available, a physical therapist credentialed to utilize fluoroscopy evaluated the left wrist. Radiographs were subsequently ordered, which confirmed a mid-waist, nondisplaced scaphoid fracture.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(8):642. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.0408
Effects of Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services on Child Spacing: A Study from Eastern Nepal
Authors: Paudel Ishwari Sharma , Gautam Rabin
Published: July 2015

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the effect of utilization of Antenatal Care Service on subsequent birth interval.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 517 women giving birth during five years period preceding survey. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze birth interval as a multivariate life table model.Results: ANC utilization was higher among mothers living in mountain, Indo-Aryan high caste and mothers having more than 10 years of schooling. Regression analysis showed that being Tibeto-Mongoloid caste, mothers with female index child and mother with dead index child had higher risk of having next birth.Conclusion: There is a strong positive relationship between the utilization of ANC service and less risk of child bearing. (RR=1.873, p = 0.008)JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):22-25
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillectomy Patient with Post-Surgical Obturator: A Case Report
Authors: Mishra Meena Kumari , Singh Raj Kumar , Suwal Pramita , Parajuli Prakash Kumar , Shrestha Pragya , Shakya Rojina
Published: July 2015

Case description: A 60 year old female patient presented to Department of Prosthodontics, CODS, BPKIHS, Dharan with a chief complain of loose obturator. History revealed that patient had undergone partial maxillectomy for squamous cell carcinoma 7 years back. The patient also has been wearing obturator which was loose when the patient reported to the department. On examination, the site of surgery was the maxillary right buccal sulcus area and a part of the hard palate including teeth number 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. The presented defect situation corresponded to a Class I situation (resection performed along the palatalmidline) according to the Aramany classification of defects. The surgical site showed complete healing. A hollow-bulb obturator was fabricated for rehabilitation of the defect.Conclusion: The extensive surgical procedures necessary to eradicate cancer of the head and neck and to prevent local recurrence or regional metastasis often leave extremely large physical defects which present almost insurmountable surgical difficulties in restoring acceptable function or esthetics. The prosthesis rehabilitated the patient in terms of function by providing better masticatory efficiency, phonetics by adding resonance to the voice, hence improving the clarity of speech and also improved the esthetics of the patient.JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):32-36
Outcome of children with severe traumatic brain injury who are treated with decompressive craniectomy
Authors: Mhanna Maroun J. , Mallah Wael EI , Verrees Margaret , Shah Rajiv , Super Dennis M.
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) for the management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is controversial. The authors sought to determine if DC improves the outcome of children with severe TBI.

METHODS

In a retrospective, case-control study, medical records of all patients admitted to the pediatric ICU between May 1998 and May 2008 with severe TBI and treated with DC were identified and matched to patients who were treated medically without DC. Medical records were reviewed for patients’ demographic data and baseline characteristics.

RESULTS

During the study period, 17 patients with severe TBI treated with DC at a median of 2 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 1–14 hours) after admission were identified and matched to 17 contemporary controls. On admission, there were no differences between DC and control patients regarding age (10.2 ± 5.9 years vs 12.4 ± 5.4 years, respectively [mean ± SD]), sex, weight, Glasgow Coma Scale score (median 5 [IQR 3–7] vs 4 [IQR 3–6], respectively; p = 0.14), or the highest intracranial pressure (median 42 [IQR 22–54] vs 30 [IQR 21–36], respectively; p = 0.77). However, CT findings were significant for a higher rate of herniation and cerebral edema among patients with DC versus controls (7/17 vs 2/17, respectively, had herniation [p = 0.05] and 14/17 vs 6/17, respectively, had cerebral edema [p = 0.006]). Overall there were no significant differences in survival between patients with DC and controls (71% [12/17] vs 82% [14/17], respectively; p = 0.34). However, among survivors, at 4 years (IQR 1–6 years) after the TBI, 42% (5/12) of the DC patients had mild disability or a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 5 vs none (0/14) of the controls (p = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS

In this retrospective, small case-control study, the authors have shown that early DC in pediatric patients with severe TBI improves outcome in survivors. Future prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Reduced CSF leak in complete calvarial reconstructions of microvascular decompression craniectomies using calcium phosphate cement
Authors: Eseonu Chikezie I. , Goodwin C. Rory , Zhou Xin , Theodros Debebe , Bender Matthew T. , Mathios Dimitrios , Bettegowda Chetan , Lim Michael
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

Calcium phosphate cement provides a biomaterial that can be used for calvarial reconstruction in a retrosigmoid craniectomy for microvascular decompression (MVD). This study evaluates the outcomes of postoperative CSF leak and wound infection for patients undergoing a complete cranioplasty using calcium phosphate cement versus incomplete cranioplasty using polyethylene titanium mesh following a retrosigmoid craniectomy for MVD.

METHODS

The authors evaluated 211 cases involving patients who underwent first-time retrosigmoid craniectomies performed by a single attending surgeon fortrigeminal neuralgia from October 2008 to June 2014. From this patient population, 111 patients underwent calvarial reconstruction after retrosigmoid craniectomy using polyethylene titanium mesh, and 100 patients had reconstructions using calcium phosphate cement. A Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare postoperative complications of CSF leak and wound infection in these 2 types of cranioplasties.

RESULTS

The polyethylene titanium mesh group included 5 patients (4.5%) with postoperative CSF leak or pseudomeningocele and 3 patients (2.7%) with wound infections. In the calcium phosphate cement group, no patients had a CSF leak, and 2 patients (2%) had wound infections. This represented a statistically significant reduction of postoperative CSF leak in patients who underwent calcium phosphate reconstructions of their calvarial defect compared with those who underwent polyethylene titanium mesh reconstructions (p = 0.03). No significant difference was seen between the 2 groups in the number of patients with postoperative wound infections.

CONCLUSIONS

Calcium phosphate cement provides a viable alternative biomaterial for calvarial reconstruction of retrosigmoid craniectomy defects in patients who have an MVD. The application of this material provides a biocompatible barrier that reduces the incidence of postoperative CSF leaks.
Qualitative analysis of spinal intramedullary lesions using PET/CT
Authors: Naito Kentaro , Yamagata Toru , Arima Hironori , Abe Junya , Tsuyuguchi Naohiro , Ohata Kenji , Takami Toshihiro
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

Although the usefulness of PET for brain lesions has been established, few reports have examined the use of PET for spinal intramedullary lesions. This study investigated the diagnostic utility of PET/CT for spinal intramedullary lesions.

METHODS

l-[methyl-11C]-methionine (MET)- or [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT was performed in 26 patients with spinal intramedullary lesions. The region of interest (ROI) within the spinal cord parenchyma was placed manually in the axial plane. Maximum pixel counts in the ROIs were normalized to the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) using subject body weight. For FDG-PET the SUVmax was corrected for lean body mass (SULmax) to exclude any influence of the patient’s body shape. Each SUV was analyzed based on histopathological results after surgery. The diagnostic validity of the SUV was further compared with the tumor proliferation index using the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody (MIB-1 index).

RESULTS

A total of 16 patients underwent both FDG-PET and MET-PET, and the remaining 10 patients underwent either FDG-PET or MET-PET. Pathological diagnoses included high-grade malignancy such as glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, or anaplastic ependymoma in 5 patients; low-grade malignancy such as hemangioblastoma, diffuse astrocytoma, or ependymoma in 12 patients; and nonneoplastic lesion including cavernous malformation in 9 patients. Both FDG and MET accumulated significantly in high-grade malignancy, and the SULmax and SUVmax correlated with the tumor proliferation index. Therapeutic response after chemotherapy or radiation in high-grade malignancy was well monitored. However, a significant difference in SULmax and SUVmax for FDG-PET and MET-PET was not evident between low-grade malignancy and nonneoplastic lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

Spinal PET/CT using FDG or MET for spinal intramedullary lesions appears useful and practical, particularly for tumors with high-grade malignancy. Differentiation of tumors with low-grade malignancy from nonneoplastic lesions may still prove difficult. Further technological refinement, including the selection of radiotracer or analysis evaluation methods, is needed.
Reconstructive surgery using dual U-shaped rod instrumentation after posterior en bloc sacral hemiresection for metastatic tumor: case report
Authors: Lim Seung-Hoon , Jo Dae-Jean , Kim Sung-Min , Lim Young-Jin
Published: July 2015

Despite various complications associated with sacrectomy to remove sacral tumors, total or en bloc sacrectomy has been suggested as the most appropriate surgical treatment in such cases. The authors present the case of a 62-year-old male patient with intractable back pain and voiding difficulty whom they treated with posterior en bloc sacral hemiresection followed by reconstruction using dual U-shaped rods. They report that good spinopelvic stability was achieved without complications. The authors conclude that this technique is relatively simple compared with other sacral reconstructive techniques and can prevent complications, including herniation.
The genetic basis of intradural spinal tumors and its impact on clinical treatment
Authors: Karsy Michael , Guan Jian , Sivakumar Walavan , Neil Jayson A. , Schmidt Meic H. , Mahan Mark A.
Published: August 2015

Genetic alterations in the cells of intradural spinal tumors can have a significant impact on the treatment options, counseling, and prognosis for patients. Although surgery is the primary therapy for most intradural tumors, radiochemothera-peutic modalities and targeted interventions play an ever-evolving role in treating aggressive cancers and in addressing cancer recurrence in long-term survivors. Recent studies have helped delineate specific genetic and molecular differences between intradural spinal tumors and their intracranial counterparts and have also identified significant variation in therapeutic effects on these tumors. This review discusses the genetic and molecular alterations in the most common intradural spinal tumors in both adult and pediatrie patients, including nerve sheath tumors (that is, neurofibroma and schwannoma), meningioma, ependymoma, astrocytoma (that is, low-grade glioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma), hemangioblastoma, and medulloblastoma. It also examines the genetics of metastatic tumors to the spinal cord, arising either from the CNS or from systemic sources. Importantly, the impact of this knowledge on therapeutic options and its application to clinical practice are discussed.
Intramedullary spinal cavernoma: clinical presentation, microsurgical approach, and long-term outcome in a cohort of 48 patients
Authors: Reitz Matthias , Burkhardt Till , Vettorazzi Eik , Raimund Frank , Fritzsche Erik , Schmidt Nils Ole , Regelsberger Jan , Westphal Manfred , Eicker Sven Oliver
Published: August 2015

OBJECT

Intramedullary spinal cavernoma (ISC) is a rare entity and accounts for approximately 5%−12% of all spinal vascular pathologies. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of clinical presentation, localization, and different surgical approaches on long-term outcome in patients treated for ISC.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective single-center study of 48 cases of ISC treated microsurgically over the past 28 years. Analyzed factors included preoperative clinical history, microsurgical strategies, neurological outcome (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] grade, Epstein and Cooper grade), and the occurrence of postoperative spinal ataxia. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors influencing long-term outcome.

RESULTS

Preoperatively, 18.8% of all patients experienced a slow, progressive decline in neurological function and 33.3% suffered repetitive episodes of acute neurological deterioration over a time frame of months to years. Moreover, 16.7% noted the sudden onset of a severe neurological deficit, whereas 25% experienced the sudden onset of symptoms with a subsequent gradually progressive decline in neurological function. On long-term follow-up after treatment (mean ± SD, 79.3 ± 35.2 months), 70.8% of patients showed no change in neurological function, 6.3% suffered from a decline, and 22.9% improved neurologically. Thoracolumbar localization (p = 0.043), low preoperative Epstein and Cooper grade for the lower extremities (p < 0.001), and a low preoperative ASIA grade (p < 0.001) were identified as factors associated with an unfavorable outcome (ASIA Grade A-C). The rate of spinal ataxia related to surgical approach was 16.7%.

CONCLUSION

Postoperative neurological function in ISC patients is determined by the preoperative neurological status. On long-term follow-up after microsurgical treatment, 93.7% of patients presented with a stable or improved condition (ASIA grade); thus, definite microsurgical treatment should be considered as long as patients present with only mild symptoms after the diagnosis of symptomatic ISC.