bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotorcraft Handling Qualities Engineering: Managing the Tension between Safety and Performance 32nd Alexander A. Nikolsky Honorary Lecture
Authors: Padfield Gareth D.
Published: January 2013

In this Nikolsky paper, I look back nearly 70 years and highlight particular events that reflect the continual growth of the handling qualities discipline. This growth has brought us to a point where designers have, within their grasp, the performance standards, the criteria and test
techniques, the understanding of rotorcraft aeromechanics and control, and the design tools, to ensure that handling deficiencies never again have to define the boundary of the operational flight envelope. This point is considered very important in the evolution of the discipline and the associated
flight control technologies. The pilot is a vital component in the rotorcraft system; a nearly perfectly functioning component normally, but one that can be stressed, fatigued, or overloaded, particularly when dealing with the consequences of handing qualities deficiencies, and when managing
high tension between flight performance and safety. It is argued that this tension is more manageable when an aircraft has good handling qualities, throughout all missions, including flight in degraded environments and hazardous operations. This paper tells the story of how our industry has
arrived at this point, how the standards and the enabling technologies have developed, spurred by user needs, and enabled by research. The paper also looks forward, highlighting how we need to strive for super-Level 1 handling qualities, a state where pilot errors, in any shape or form attributable
to deficient flight characteristics, are things of the past.
Traditional and Christian concepts of disease and healing among the Manianga
Authors: Mulemfo M. M.
Published: January 2013

The Manianga of Zaire believed, and still believe, in a Supreme Beingcalled'Nzambi Mpungu'. He is the origin of all health care, includingmedicinal plants. According to traditional understanding, God uses theancestors -'bakulu' - to reveal these plants and their use to healersfor the sake of the living community. The belief in the ancestors asmediators between God and people has been dispelled by missionaries. However, there are some Manianga who, despite their Christianity, stillbelieve that the ancestors have an important role to play in the livingcommunity. It is the task of the Church to demonstrate a biblical healingministry amid these conflicting approaches. This implies not the banningof the practice, but its improvement according to the message of JesusChrist. The evangelical community of Zaire should create a climate ofdialogue to promote efective collaboration between the traditionalhealers and modern practitioners.
Verset en rewolusie
Authors: Van Wyk I. W.C.
Published: January 2013

Resistance and revolution. The communion formulary of the Nederduitsch Hervonnde Kerk states clearly that a church member may not take part in revolutionary activities and that he should obey governmental authorities. Two questions are asked: 1. Does this statement imply that a Christian should obey goverments, even when they are oppressive? Can a Christian do something about his fate, or is he obliged to suffer injustice?  2. How can and must we interpret this principle today in a democratic state where resistance and rebellion are integral elements of the political process? It is argued that in  Biblical Reformed theology not only the duty to obey but also the right to resist are justified. Although civil disobedience is allowed, violence is strongly condemned. This article asks the church to adhere to the communion formulary, but simultaniously to realise the vast differences between the  sixteenth and the twentieth centuries.
Metafoor en waarheid
Authors: Van Wyk G M.J
Published: January 2013

Metaphor and truth. In the past metaphors were researched by means of theories. These theories on metaphors were developed as language theories or studies on the philosophy of language. Even when philosophical studies on the metaphor went beyond the philosophy of langUtlge, they still focused on language. In dialogue with the  philosophers Aristotle, Kant and Nietzsche, and the theologian Luther,  this study concentrates on broadening the context of research on the metaphor to that of a contemporary critique of reason. The result of this approach is not only that metaphors are researched from within a new perspective, but also that the relation between metaphor and rationality is reviewed to the extent that it is argued that rationality and even reality show a metaphorical structure at times. A narrative approach has also proved to be a more successful means of research on metaphors, than a theoretical approach.
Tradisionele geloof
Authors: Dreyer W. A. , Mjwabe F. E.
Published: January 2013

Traditional belief Traditional belief is still very strong among black South Africans. Many Christians not only believe in Christ, but also in the spirits of the fore-fathers. The question arises as to how the  relationship between traditional belief and christian faith must be seen. It also poses problems to the church in South Africa, which is mainly orientated to the theology of Western Europe. Proclaiming the gospel in a traditional situation will only be effective if traditional beliefs are taken into consideration. This article uses oral tradition as a source of information.
Die kerk onderweg na die een en twintigste eeu: 'n Kritiese besinning oor kerkwees in 'n veranderende konteks in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Steenkamp L. J.S
Published: January 2013

The church on its way to the twenty-first century:  A critical reflection on being church in a changing context in South Africa. Reflection on the underlying reality of the church in South Africa on its way to the twenty-first century should take into account the  dynamic nature of a church. Being a church presupposes the church judging its situation before God. Transition to a new context accentuates the line between the world and the church, since Christianity has finally reached the stage where the world confronts each and every believer as he or she emerges from the doors of his or her church or home. To be a church in this changing context has profound implications for the life and commitment of both the church and the individual believer.
Die kerk in die Nuwe Testament
Authors: Pelser G. M.M.
Published: January 2013

The church in the New Testament The article explores the documents of the New Testament in search of the concept church' and finds that,  in a nutshell, the answers are as follows: the  Spirit-controlled, charismatic togetherness of people 'in Christ' (Paul); cross-bearing followers of Jesus (Mk); the people of God on their way through history (Lk-Ac); the faithful locked in battle with Satanic powers, but with the expectation of occupying the heavenly Jerusalem (Rv); the  community with which Christ became solidary, and which is heading for its heavenly place of rest (Reb); the poor but pious community, putting their faith into practice (Ja); the body of Christ in which his universal reign can be experienced (Col); the sphere in which salvation is  realized (Eph); disciples following Jesus as God-with us, experiencing the  rift between synagogue and church (Mt); friends and confidants of Christ, living at loggerheads with the synagogue (In); the household of God, governed by householders (Pastorals); and the socia-ly ostracized elect of God whose way of life should be a demonstration of their otherness as Christians (1 Pt).
Opmerkings oor vroee katolisisme in die Nuwe Testament, met besondere verwysing na die briewe aan die Kolossense en die Efesiers, en die Pastorale Briewe
Authors: Engelbrecht J. J.
Published: January 2013

Remarks on early catholicism in the New Testament, with special reference to the letters to the Colossians and the Ephesians, and the Pastoral Letters Attention is given to differences of opinion as to the nature of early catholicism, whether it is present in the New Testament, where it is to be found and how it should be evaluated. The difference between primitive Christianity and early catholicism with regard to ecclesiology is also taken into consideration. Aspects such as offices in the church, the relation of the reign of Christ to the metaphor 'body of Christ', the church as a holy temple, church and Israel, the Gentiles and the church, the unity of the church, the constitution of the church and the vision of the church are discussed. According to one viewpoint the development of the apocalyptic primitive Christianity into early catholicism was not a fringe phenomenon, but 'the greatest change in Christianity 'Consequences of recent research may be that Protestants and Roman Catholics should keep in mind that in more than one aspect the Bible leaves room for a reconcilable variety.
Die aard van die geloofsgemeenskap in Nehemia 9
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: January 2013

The character of the community of faith in Nehemiah 9. In this study the prayer in Nehemiah 9:5b-37 is compared with Psalm 106 and investigated within its literary and social context. The conclusion is reached that the community of faith portrayed in this prayer is a cultic community standing in a relationship with God which expresses its guilt as well as its finn belief in God's power to change its circumstances.
Die gemeenskap van die heiliges
Authors: Van Wyk I. W.C.
Published: January 2013

The community of the saints. The article argues that it is important to contemplate the dogma of the 'community of the saints' because some people stress the fact that the church is a community of believers whilst others understand the church as the symbol of an ideal society. The expression 'the community of the saints' explains a large variety of dimensions of Christian faith and ecclesiology. This confession underlines the necessity of ecumenical contact. It offers comfort to mourners. It learns us to honour our predecessors. It teaches us that the church is not an alternative society, nor the crown of society. It stresses the necessity for active deaconship and the importance of the Holy Communion.
Evaluering van verskillende gemeenteboumodelle met die oog op die daarstelling van 'n eie model vir die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika
Authors: Beukes Du P.
Published: January 2013

Evaluation of different congregation-development models with a view of introducing a model for the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. Since 1982 congregation development has been offered as a subject in most of the recognized practical theology departments. Certain factors have given rise to the fact that this subject and its practical application have not yet established themselves in the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. Scientific, systematic, goal-orientated planning and leading of a congregation in the light of the current situation in many congregations of the church have become absolutely essential. This article is an attempt to look into the evaluation of the Dreyer, Nel, Hendriks and Callahan congregation-development models with a view to develop a model for the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika.
Die Sabbat - irrelevante wettiese instelling of ver-waarloosde Bybelse juweel? In Simpatieke perspek-tief op die Sabbat
Authors: Bezuidenhout L. C.
Published: January 2013

The Sabbath - irrelevant legalistic institution or biblical gem? A sympathetic perspective on the Sabbath. In this essay some of the prejudices against the Sabbath are discussed. It is stated that the church should be emancipated from anti-Judaic sentiments when the Sabbath as institution is evaluated. Attention is given to the meaning of the Sabbath in the Jewish tradition, and the value of some aspects of the Sabbath for modern society is illuminated.
Herodes - die Grote?
Authors: Botha Pieter J.J
Published: January 2013

Herod - The Great?. The claim to historical understanding is more than simply quoting from ancient sources. Not only must anachronism and ethnocentrism be dealt with in order not to make the ancients mere instruments of modem preferences, but the sources themselves must be carefully interpreted so that we do not become victims of their propaganda. The challenge of historical understanding with sincerity and fairness is illustrated in this study of Herod the Great, king of the Judaeans. Studying history is not to aim at the discovery of final truth, but to participate in the conversation about truth, and therefore the self-reflection and self-discovery implied by historical exploration.
Does the offence of blasphemy have a future under the South African constitution?
Authors: Van Rooyen Kobus
Published: January 2013

This article reflects upon the question of whether the offence of blasphemy is valid in terms of the Constitution of the Republic which guarantees equal protection and freedom of religion, opinion, conscience and belie! Blasphemy protects only the Christian and Judaic perceptions of God. Would a Muslim, for example, not be entitled to protection under a broadened offence? And does the offence not discriminate against religions not protected by blasphemy? The author contends that Parliament has a duty to either broaden the scope of blasphemy or to scrap the offence. He is, however, of the view that the offence is not, in itself, unconstitutional and that Parliament should, given the sensitivities in this sphere, not scrap the offence but rather protect the religious convictions of all sections of the population.
Metaforologie en rasionaliteit
Authors: Van Wyk G. M.J
Published: January 2013

Metaphorology and rationality In dialogue with the philosophers Foucault, Derrida, Babermas, Lyotard and Welsch, this study concentrates on broadening the context of research on metaphor from the philosophy of language to that of a contemporary critique of reason. The result of this approach is not only that metaphors are researched from within a new perspective, but also that the relation between metaphor and rationality is reviewed to the extent that it is demonstrated that rationality and even reality show a metaphorical structure at times.
Genoegsame voorwaardes vir buite-aardse rasionaliteit: Filosofiese en teologiese oorwegings
Authors: Antonites A. J.
Published: January 2013

Sufficient conditions for extraterrestrial intelligence:  Philosophical and theological considerations. Sufficient conditions would include confirmation of extraterrestrial intelligence. Accordingly the SETI-projects of NASA and some universities are explained and examined. The possibility of UFO's is taken into account and evidence evaluated. In respect of philosophical considerations, the validity of inductive strategies is investigated as well as epistemological problems relating of rational communication. Theological considerations bring to the fore the imago Dei problem. It is concluded that in the light of both neccessary and sufficient conditions the issue no longer is of a scientific fiction nature but is on a firm scientific path.
The trial of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark
Authors: Bammel E.
Published: January 2013

The gospel of Mark contains summaries, a 'short report' and the long report on the deliberations of the Sanhedrin. The latter consists of four fragments strung together by the redactor and put under the vinculum of the nocturnal session. Each of these passages contains information, the relevance of which is discussed in this paper.
Die uitdaging aan teologiese opleiding in die NHKA en die HKSA
Authors: Koekermoer J. H.
Published: January 2013

The challenge posed to theological training in the NHKA and the HKSA We live today in a world that is profoundly different from that of the past. In  understanding the need of theological training for the Nederduitsch Hervonnde Kerk van Afrika and the Hervonnde Kerk in Suidelike Afrika certain factors have to be taken in  consideration. Among these factors are concepts, assumptions, prejudices, new knowledge, changing methods, differing contexts and altered world views. These are entangled with economic, social, political and scientific changes as well as with linguistic and religious developments. This discussion takes place in the hope that both churches will benefit from this.
Die reeping van die kerk in 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika
Authors: Van Wyk D. J.C
Published: January 2013

The mission of the church In this article an extensive survey of the purpose, the methods and the contents of the late David Bosch's seminal work, Transforming Mission, is presented. On the basis of this survey, preliminary critical observations are made concerning the mission of the  church in a new South Africa. It is argued that Bosch's contribution is of crucial importance for all future reflections on the foundations of mission.
Die belangrikheid van besoeke aan nuwe intrekkers as deel van die werkprogram van die gemeentepredikant
Authors: Van Zyl P. J. , Dreyer T. F.J.
Published: January 2013

The importance of visits to newcomers as part of the work programme of the parish minister In the current theological literature about parish-visiting, a gap is identified with regard to the importance of visiting newcomers in a congregation. With this in mind an empirical study was undertaken to evaluate the matter in actual practice. The starting point (hypothesis) of this study is: Visits to newcomers is a very important facet of any parish minister's work.  Such visits can help to establish a pastoral relationship between minister and member which is essential for the minister's pastoral and other work in the congregation. By means of an empirical study the above-mentioned hypothesis was tested and a preliminary theory with regard to the importance of visitation to newcomers was formulated. After  this theory has been tested against the directives of Scripture, a proposal is made for a new theory to underpin the practice within the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika.
'n Hervormde tradisie as heelmiddel
Authors: Loader J. A.
Published: January 2013

In die Nederduitsch Hervonnde Kerk van Afrika is die odium theologicum geen vreemdeling nie. Daar is verskeie illustrasies van moontlik. Ben verskyningsvonn daarvan is die heftige polemiese trant van talle publikasies van S P Engelbrecht2,  J G M Dreyer3 en andere.  Dit staan in 'n ou Transvaalse tradisie, soos onder andere gesien kan word in die laat-negentiende-eeuse styl van M J Goddefroy4. Waar hierdie emosionele polemieke na buite plaasgevind het en telkens  teen anti-Hervonners vir die Hervonnde Kerk in die bres getree het, het daar nou 'n binnekerklike twis losgebreek. Ook dit is nie by ons onbekend nie. Ons hoef maar net te dink aan die bitterhede van die Geysersage gedurende die sestigerjare en van die Artikel III-debat in die jare sewentig en tagtig. Die twis wat egter gedurende die negentigerjare in Hervonnde geledere gegroei het, laat die vroeere twiste klein lyk. Anders as in die afgelope drie dekades is dit nie meer enkelinge of 'n handjievol kritici wat redelik maklik ge'isoleer kan word nie. Nou' staan hele slagordes met wapperende vaandels in die kerk teenoor mekaar. Na die vergadering ter lewering van 'n 'Eietydse Getuienis' op 4 November 1995 en die verskyning van Die Hervonner van die halfjaar wat op die Vier-en-sestigste Algemene Kerk-vergadering gevolg het5, sou dit 'n oop deur intrap om hiervoor dokumentere bewys aan te voer. Daar word soms eufemisties na die meningsverskille wat in die laaste helfte van 1995 kookpunt bereik het, verwys as 'n 'debat'. As 'n waardige debat werklik ontwikkel, kan dit die Hervonnde Kerk en die beoefening van die teologie ten goede kom. In hierdie artikel beoog ek nie om aan die geveg deel te neem nie, maar weI om konstruktief by te dra tot wat 'n debat kan word.
Die moederskoot van Israel: 'n Teologiese besinning oor die nuwe navorsingsresultate met betrekking tot die totstandkoming van Israel
Authors: Bezuidenhout L. C.
Published: January 2013

The womb of Israel:  Tbeological reflections  on recent  research results concerning the origin of Israel. Recent research concerning the origin of Israel has the potential to cause theological disorientation. The birth of Israel and its religion  was unpretentious and not as unique as it may appear in the  Biblical accounts. It is necessary to analyse and evaluate these results and to integrate it into a theological perspective. These results can induce theological benefits if it is perceived in the right perspective.
Daniel 7-12 in sosiaal-wetenskaplike perspektief
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: January 2013

Daniel 7-12 from a social-scientific perspective In this social-scientific investigation a group of teaching intellectuals from the Hasidic movement are identified as the authors of Daniel 7-12. Their stance towards  society during the  crisis, brought about by the drastic reforms of Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 167 BCE, is explained in terms of their firm belief that the disturbed order of holiness would be restored in accordance with a fixed time scheme. Although a part of the cultural situation, their expectation of a future change debarred them from taking active part in society. Rather they maintained a passive and quietistic attitude.
Andries van Aarde se Matteusinterpretasie
Authors: Le Roux J. H.
Published: January 2013

Andries van Aarde's interpretation of Matthew. This article focuses on Andries van Aarde's interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew. His book, 'God-with-us: The domiliant perspective in Matthew's story, and other essays', consists of a number of articles covering different aspects oftNs Gospel. It is argued that Van Aarde changed his approach to Matthew in the course of time. At the beginning of his career, he focused on structural analysis and made an important contribution to the Gattung' problem. Then his attention shifted to narratology and Social-scientific criticism. Van Aarde's consistent narratological interpretation of Matthew enabled him to identify Matthew's ideology and to determine the way in which it took shape on the surface structure. This narratological investigation also shed new light among others, on the parables, the charaters and the problem of direct and indirect discourse. To conclude the article, some critical statements with regard to the historical understanding  the Gospel of Matthew are formulated.
Kerk en kultuur - 'n godsdiens-teologiese perspektief
Authors: Van der Merwe P. J.
Published: January 2013

Church and culture - a religio-theological perspective. The intimate and symbiotic relationship between religion and culture postulated by various sociologists of religion is accepted as backdrop for an elaboration of the principle of the church being in the world but not of it. The question whether a peoples church 'volkskerk' has any special cultural responsibilities is also addressed. Finally it is contended that modern, seculilrised culture is controlled by a civil ideology akin to civil religion.
Kerk en kultuur by die vryheidsoekende Afrikaner van die 1ge eeu - 'n historiese ondersoek
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: January 2013

Church vis it vis culture among the republican Afrikaner of the 19th century - an historical investigation. In this study attention is given to the question of the correlation between and/or position of the church vis a vis culture among the republican Afrikaner of the 19th century. Initially attention is given to  a workohle definition of church and culture and then, in the light of Calvinist theology, the relationship is discussed. Eventually the stated problem is discussed and the conclusion formulated that the culture of the Afrikaner was strongly influenced and directed by its theological viewpoints. A few conclusions are drawn.
Kerk - Kultuur - Volk - Owerheid
Authors: Dreyer W. A.
Published: January 2013

Church - CUlture - People - Government. Since 1994 the Republic of South Africa has undergone profound political and cultural changes. The churches in South Africa (including the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika as an Afrikaans-orientated church) need to evaluate the situation and come to a theological understanding of their relationship with the culture, people and government of South Africa. This article examines the relationship between church, culture, people and government from an historical, theological, philosophical and practical perspective.
Die houding van die Open baring van Johannes teenoor kultuur
Authors: Engelbrecht J. J.
Published: January 2013

The attitude of the Apocalypse of John towards culture. The last book of the Bible was not written in the first instance to say something about the believer's attitude towards and use of culture as such. However, between the lines important information is to be found. Those who really believe in Him who is proclaimed in this book do not need to exchange the culture of their people for the culture of another group. It should always be borne in mind, however; that if a certain aspect of one's culture is contrary to the gospel or is a hindrance to the passing on of the gospel to all human beings, the gospel should have priority over one's beloved culture and traditions.
Rudolf Bultmann oor die opstanding van Jesus
Authors: Pelser G. M.M.
Published: January 2013

Rudolf Bultmann on the resurrection of Jesus. The findings of the Jesus Seminar in the USA regarding the resurrection of Jesus as well as the fairly recent (1994) publication of Gerd Lademann's book on the resurrection of Jesus prompted this investigation into Bultmann's thoughts on the resurrection of Jesus. The reason for investigating Bultmann's thoughts lies in the fact that both the Seminar's and Lademann's findings correspond in one way or another to with what Bultmann already contended more than fifty years ago, although their approaches with regard to the role and significance of historical investigation differ considerably in certain respects. This essay focuses on the following aspects of Bultmann's approach: the resurrection as expression of the significance of the cross; the unhistorical character of the resurrection (i.e. not the resuscitation of Jesus' corpse); the resurrection as eschatological event; the question as to the nature of the appearances of the risen Jesus; Jesus as risen in the kerygma; faith as the only way of experiencing the  risen Lord, and, finally, one's own resurrection to a new existence in the Lord.
The ecclesiastical situation of the first generation Roman Christians
Authors: Du Toit A. B.
Published: January 2013

Forming pan of a trilogy about the first generation Roman Christians, this anicle concentrates on the ecclesiastical aspect. From some scattered and relatively small groups, the numbers of Roman Christians increased markedly in the second half of the first century. According to Romans 16, Jewish Christians played a significant role in the initial period, although Gentile Christians were in the majority. Friction between these groups may have been a problem, but was not Paul's main concern. The Gentile Christians were mainly from a foreign background. Thus the first Christian community had a strongly cosmopolitan character. The plurality of house-churches was mainly due to practical factors, but social differentiation might have played a role. Meetings most probably took place in the ordinary rented apanments of insulae. Romans 16 renders a vivid picture of the leadership activities of Christian women and of Paul's enlightened position in this regard.
Die herfsfees en die koningsrite by Bet-El as interteks van Amos 7: 1 0-8: 14 en Hosea 9: 1-9
Authors: Breytenbach A. P.B
Published: January 2013

The autumnal festival and the royal rite at Bethel as an intertext of Amos 7:10-8:14 and Hosea 9:1-9. It is argued that a text from the Samaritan Liturgy which describes a royal rite at Bethel on the last day of the autumnal festival, represents a reliable tradition. This text, as well as Deuteronomy 26:2-15 to which it is closely related, is used as the basis for a reconstruction of a royal rite at Bethel during the time of the monarchy. Amos 7:10-8:14 and Hosea 9:1-9 are read against this background. The said prophecies state exactly the opposite of what was expressed and intended by the royal rite. This accounts for the vehement reaction against Amos and Hosea from the side of the priests.
In Verkenning van postmodernisme en 'n ekskurs op Daniel 7-12
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: January 2013

A reconnaissance into post-modernism and an excurs on Daniel 7-12. This orientation to the contents and meaning of postmodemism, investigating its relation to poststructuralism and its literary implications for exegesis, proposes that Daniel 7-12 can be read as subor minor narratives.
Die Tomasevangelie: Inleidende opmerkings
Authors: Van Eck Ernest
Published: January 2013

The Gospel of Thomas: Introductory remarks. The aim of this article is to present to South-African theologians, ministers and believers, in fairly popular fashion, the current debate in regard to some aspects of the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas. Attention is given to the discovery, text and publication of the Gospel of Thomas, the question of its dependence on or independence from the Synoptic gospels, the possible date of the Gospel, as well as to its theology (being either gnostic or non-gnostic). Finally, a few remarks in regard to the value of the studying of the Gospel of Thomas, in  terms of theological debates in the church, are made.
Transformerende riglyne vir die kerk uit Lukas 14: Mense is belangriker as reels en grense
Authors: Van Staden Piet
Published: January 2013

Transformative guidelines for the church from Luke 14:People are more important than rules and boundaries. It has been shown by scholars that Mediterranean culture of the first century exhibits certain distinctive characteristics in personality type and in concomitant social behaviour. Generally speaking, Mediterranean people can be described as of the interdependent personality type as opposed to the independent type of the modem Western world. The New Testament as a collection of documents reflects the values that prevailed at the time of writing. More importantly, each of these documents reflects an interpretive evaluation of past events for contemporary society, and at the same time intrinsically contains a vision for the future. In this article I wish to explore the implications of the Gospel of Luke's transformational guidelines for the church leaders of his day. His vision for the future of the church, I believe, can be presented in the form of the conviction: People are more important than rules and boundaries.
Akademiese protokol in die teologiese wetenskap
Authors: Steenkamp L. J.L
Published: January 2013

Academic protocol in theological science. Academic protocol in theological science determines the guidelines according to which the theologian applies theology as science. There is an inevitable interaction between the theological practice of science and Christian existence. It isn't in the nature of theological science to communicate within an empty space, ignoring the contextual relevance of the Christian community. In this respect, theology should be practiced in a critically inquisitive manner, keeping scientific integrity as well as the context of the believing community in mind.
The continued importance of Jesus
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: January 2013

The different aspects of the influential nature of Jesus' life were handed down only after his death by those who met God on the basis of the traditions with regard to Jesus. The historical Jesus is therefore to be distinguished from the kerygmatic Christ. This article aims at arguing that Jesus' call upon God as 'Abba' can be regarded as a dialectic material link between the historical Jesus and the kerygmatic Christ. It is also shown that this dialectic has divergently been articulated in the New Testament writings and thereafter as time has changed. Today the historical Jesus' message of the  allinclusiveness and already-presence of God's domain is to be taken seriously by the church in pursuing the kerygma in the New Testament. However, the category 'kerygmatic Christ' seems to be increasingly loosing its explanatory and heuristic power in the secular and postmodem religious age.
The fictional transfiguration of Jesus: Images of Jesus in literature
Authors: Du Toit C. W.
Published: January 2013

Over the years the literary world has been one of the most productive and creative sources of Jesus interpretation. This article gives an overview of som aspects of developments in this filed with reference to the African and Afriko.net contexts. The way in which Jesus is fictionally transformed may reflect the influence of scholarly research, popular and innovative Jesus interpretations, existential questions, and cultural fluctuations, or simply a celebration of imagination. The relationship between theology and literature is vital to both fields. Theology is challenged by the freedom of the novel and the novel stimulated by theological findings. After dealing with some categories of fictional narratives, a Jew examples are discussed. The article gives attention to Jesus in post-modem novels and in postcolonial literature. An African novel is referred to and then Jesus is dealt with more extensively in Afrikaans poems. Examples are given from the work of SheilaCussons, Breyten Breytenbach and Adam Small. The article closes with the sentiment that Jesus interpretations  remain a critical and creative comment on humankind and its religion.
The Feminist and the Bible: Hermeneutical Alternatives
Authors: Osiek Carolyn
Published: January 2013

Amid the varieties of feminist interpretive methods in biblical scholarship, this article suggests a general typology of approaches: rejection of the claims of biblical authority; acceptance of those claims with critique of oppressive interpretations; revisionism, which holds to the possibility of reconstructing the lost experience of women in the texts; reliance on symbol and image of the feminine to convey meaning; and finally, the liberation critique of oppressive structures. An appreciation and critique is offered for each alternative.
Inference and Relevance in Paul's Allegory of the Wild Olive Tree
Authors: Maartens P. J.
Published: January 2013

Relevance theory accounts for Paul's preference for 'the wild olive' tree in using horticultural practices of grafting to symbolise his mission to the Gentiles. The olive tree facilitates inclusive imagery. The principle of ostensive inferential communication also accounts for the violation of horticultural conventions. Relevance juxtaposes God who calls and Israel that fails. The remnant as cultivated olive is the balance of this process. Relevance 'roots' the symbolism in election and the covenant as origins of Israel. Israel obtains eschatological relevance and significance. Gentile Christians are drawn into eschatological Israel. The church is rooted in continuity with the historical Israel. The juxtaposition of different readings renders all interpretation relative. Yet, changing the cognitive environment of its readers guarantees the relevance of exegetical discourse.
Krisis in pastoriee
Authors: Van Biljon Kobus
Published: January 2013

Crisis in the manse. In a pilot study, 72 ministers and their wives were interviewed in focus groups to determine why ministers leave the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. Utilising the qualitative data of this research project could in future facilitate the formulation of effective strategies to create a salutogenit culture in the church.
Oor die bestaan van God en oor niksheid
Authors: Labuschagne Kobus
Published: January 2013

On the existence of God and on nothingness The views of Karl Barth and the 'Heilsgeschichte'-tradition on the one hand, and those of Rudolf Bultmann and the 'Formkritik'-tradition on the other hand, do not differ so much on the method of objective historical research. The real differences start to appear on the hermeneutical front, where facts and events referred to in the Scriptures are evaluated and explained. The 'Heilsgeschichte' -tradition is consistent in maintaining an objective point of departure, whilst Bultmann and the 'Form-kritik'-tradition, influenced by existentialist philosophy, reveals a subjective approach. For Bultmann the kerygma cannot be verified historically but only subjectively or existentially. For Barth the kerygma cannot be separated from its true basis of historical events, in and through the person of Jesus Christ. These two different approaches have enormous con-sequences for the question of the existence of God.
Egskeiding in die antieke Semitiese wereld
Authors: Schutte P. J.W.
Published: January 2013

Divorce in the ancient Semitic world. Although divorces did occur in the ancient Semitic world, divorce never became a casual or even an accepted phenomenon in especially the Jewish community. Marriage was the normal state of affairs for Jews, and they worked hard at maintaining it. This article investigates the issue.
Montage, Von Rad en Belydenis
Authors: Venter P. M.
Published: January 2013

Montage, Von Rad and Confession. Following Sailhamer's practice of using the term 'montage' as a herme-neutical key for understanding the canon of the Old Testament, this term is investigated and it is shown that Von Rad used it as a technique in his works on the Hexateuch. It is proposed that the same technique can be used in modem theologies and in the use of confessions.
Die verhouding verkondiging en belydenis by Paulus
Authors: Pelser G. M.M.
Published: January 2013

The relationship between proclamation and confession in Paul. It is a well-known fact that in his letters Paul for different purposes made use of traditional materials, among others confessional formulae and hymns. In this study the question is asked as to how these materials were evaluated by Paul, that is, whether he regarded them as fixed dogmas to be handed down in their original form, and in the event of proclaiming the gospel, to be strictly adhered to as kerygmatic guidelines. The conclusion arrived at is that, although Paul definitely regarded these materials as existential expressions of faith of some importance and as forms of proclamation in their own right, he never saw them as unchangeable dogmas to be strictly adhered to as prescriptive for his understanding and proclamation of the gospel. He, on the contrary, made free use of them in such a manner that he modified them in different ways in order to bring them in line with his theology and to serve the purpose of his theological argument. In so doing, he clearly demonstrated that, in his view, the confessional formulae should be of service to the kerygma, and not the other way around.
Die plek en funksie van belydenisskrifte in die kategese van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk
Authors: Beukes P.
Published: January 2013

The purpose and function of the articles of faith in the catechism of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk Since the publication of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika's most recent catechism text books (1982-1989), there has been concern that the articles of faith of the church, and particularly the Heidelberg Catechism, have not been taught sufficiently. In this study it is shown that the Heidelberg Catechism was only for a short period of time the exclusive text book used in teaching the dogma of the church to catechism pupils. Since 1985 it has become a general tendency in almost all reformed churches not to use one of the articles of faith or an abbreviated form thereof as basis in catechism anymore, but rather to use the Bible itself. This study attempts to point out that the Council for Catechism of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk has chosen correctly on sound theological, pedagogical, and didactic historical grounds to teach the Biblical content within the accompanying framework of the faith and not according to one or other article of faith of the church. Many factors, as indicated in this study, require that the witness of the church again be conveyed, based on the existing articles of faith, and that this then should serve as the accompanying framework for the catechism.
Belydenis: Objektiewe waarheid of eksistensiele uitdrukking van geloof?
Authors: Steenkamp L. J.S.
Published: January 2013

Confession: Objective truth or existential expression of belief! Confession of belief originates when someone (the believer or the church) is so touched existentially by the Person, Jesus Christ, that he or she cannot help declaring that Jesus is the living Lord. This confession, therefore, becomes a lifestyle which has to be relived again and again. For this reason we never testify to our own insights or rational ideas about God, but to this meeting with God in Jesus Christ. Thus, it becomes clear that confession is different to religious lyrics or the knowledge of abstract truths which are only communicated rationally; it imlies a decision which carries a risk, but at the same time it Simply has to be repeated again and again in an existential" way by the believer.
Kan daar iets oor God gese word? 'n Perspektief vanuit die kritiese wysheid.
Authors: Bezuidenhout L. C.
Published: January 2013

Can something be said about God? A perspective from the critical wisdom In the critical wisdom. Traditional dogmata are scrutinised and proved to be unreliable. Yet, a new concept of 'theology' is proposed. The value of logic is appreciated, but its limits are accepted. Instead of conventional systematic thought, existential reflection is proposed.
Moet die Afrikaanse Kerke skuld bely oor apartheid?: Wat leer ons uit die Duitsers se worsteling met skuld?
Authors: Van Wyk I. W.C
Published: January 2013

Should Afrikaans churches confess guilt for its share in apartheid? What do we learn from the German discussion? This article asks the question whether the Afrikaans-speaking churches should confess guilt publicly for their support of the apartheid-state. A short summary is given to different opinions in South Africa. The main focus of the article is on the German discussion. From this discussion we learn that people, some in a more horrible way than others, do make themselves guilty in history. For believers it is a matter of course to confess their guilt in a church service. Guilty people, unfortunately, always try to justify themselves and to point to the guilt of others. Some people are always more guilty than others, but people become guilty collectively. To prevent evil, the church has the responsibility of preaching the doctrine of original guilt. This would also enable believers to handle guilt from the perspective of the doctrine of justification.
Kerklike verkondiging in dialekties-teologiese perspektief ('n Teug uit die ou teologiese velsakke)
Authors: Van Zyl F. J.
Published: January 2013

The message of the church in view of dialectical theology (A sip of theology from the old wine-skins). "This article attempts to ascertain the essence of the message preached by churches whose dogma is influenced by dialectical theology, especially that of Karl Barth. The basic point of departure is that although the theology to which churches subscribe is not actually preached, the content and quality of sermons cannot escape its influence. As dialectical theology is generally regarded and understood as an extension of Reformation theology, it is imperative to integrate both the basic truths of Reformation theology and the innovative trends of dialectic thinking as far as the preaching of the gospel is concerned. In view of the enormous scope of Barthian theology, the author was compelled to limit his article to the essence of the church's message, namely the gospel of reconcilia-tion, according to many scholars the heart of Barth 's theology.
Jesus en vroue
Authors: Dreyer Yolanda
Published: January 2013

Jesus and women.The patriarchal view of reality in first-century Mediterranean culture wasbased on a disparity between man and woman. It was a hierarchical system in which man was considered to be above woman, as God is above human beings. In the world of Jesus a woman would be represented before God by the patriarch. This article illustrates how Jesus' words and deeds did not mirror the values of his culture as far as the importance and role of the patriarchal family were concerned. Jesus, words and deeds were unconvenional within a strict purity system. Jesus used family imagery when speaking about the kingdom of God, but he meant a different type of family than the physical family according to cultural conventions. His non-patriarchal interaction with women was an example and a consequence of his culture critique.
Fatherlessness in first-century Mediterranean culture: The historical Jesus seen from the perspective of cross-cuitural anthropology and cultural psychology
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: January 2013

In the peasant sociey of Jesus' world the family revolved around the father. The father and the mother were the source of the family, not only in the biological sense, but because their interaction with their child rencreated the structures of society. In first-century Mediterranean culture, fatherlessness led to marginalization. Seen against the background of the patriarchal mind set of Israelites in the Second Temple period, a fatherless son would have been without social identiy. He would have been debarred from being called child of Abraham (that is child of God) and from the privilege of being given a daughter in marriage. He would be denied access to the court of the Israelites in the Temple. In this article, with the help of cross-cultural anthropology and cultural psychology, the life of the historical Jesus is explained in social-scientiic terms against the background of the mariage regulations determined by the Temple. The historical Jesus is seen as someone who sufered the stigma of being fatherless but who trusted God as father.
Die ander opsie: Kohlbrugge - Hoedemaker - Barth
Authors: Van Wyk D. J.C.
Published: January 2013

Another option: Kohlbrugge - Hoedemaker - Barth.The focus of this aricle is on the nature of the theological ethos of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk. It is argued that the ethical direction taken by Dutch theology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had little inluence on the early theological training of the Nederduitch Hervormde Kerk and the theology of the Nederduitch Hervormde Kerk in general. Specifically, the article aims at demonstrating that the theology of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk has been influenced byparticularly the Dutch theologians Kohlbrugge, Hoedemaker and the later confessionals as well as by the German theologian Karl Barth. Attention is also given to Hoedemaker's position with regard to historical citicism and the accusation that he was a fundamentalist.
Die selfverstaan van die Samaritane soos dit uit- drukking vind in die feesliturgie צלות מוצד השמיני
Authors: Beyers J. , Breytenbach A. P.B.
Published: January 2013

The self-understanding of the Samaritans, as expressed in the liturgy of the צלות מוצד השמיני festivalThis study is concerned with the identity and religion of the Samaritans. The way in which the Samaritans understood their identity is highlighted by their perception of God, by the traditions they adhered to and by the selection of texts from the Pentateuch they used in their liturgy. The beliefs and rituals of the Samarium faith found their way into the Samaritan Liturgy. The study of a part of the Samaritan Liturgy shows that the Samaritans are heirs to the religion of the northern tibes of Israel.
The portrayal of Yahweh in Jeremiah 20:7-13
Authors: Snyman S. D.
Published: January 2013

The central quesion put in this article is: How is Yahweh portrayed in Jeremiah 20:7-13? Proceeding from the so-called final form of the text, it is argued that Yahweh is portrayed as a powerful, present and personal God who should be praised. The conclusion reached is that no uniform picture of Yahweh is painted; in fact, there are tensions in the text that remain unresolved.