bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of fatigue in multiple sclerosis is associated with grey matter atrophy
Authors: Palotai Miklos , Nazeri Aria , Cavallari Michele , Healy Brian C. , Glanz Bonnie , Gold Stefan M. , Weiner Howard L. , Chitnis Tanuja , Guttmann Charles R. G.
Published: October 2019

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been associated with brain damage with low replicability. Temporal fatigue fluctuations have not been considered. We assessed whether sustained fatigue (SF) associates more strongly with grey matter (GM) changes than reversible fatigue (RF). Patients were stratified into three groups according to historical fatigue levels: SF (n = 30, i.e. patients who reported fatigue at the latest ≥2 assessments), RF (n = 31, i.e. patients not fatigued at the latest assessment, but reported fatigue previously), and never fatigued (NF, n = 37). Groups were compared for brain GM volume using cross-sectional voxel-based and volumetric analyses of 3T T1-weighted MRI. Confounding effects of depression and related medications were also investigated. SF and RF patients showed similar anatomical distribution of GM atrophy. While we robustly replicated the anatomical patterns of GM atrophy described in previous work, we also found an association between hippocampal atrophy and fatigue. Depression showed confounding effects in frontal, parietal, occipital, accumbal and thalamic regions. Assessed treatments showed confounding effects in frontal, parietal and striatal areas. Our results suggest that history of clinically-relevant fatigue in currently non-fatigued patients is associated with GM atrophy, potentially explaining inconsistent findings of previous studies that stratified patients using a single fatigue assessment.
In vitro inhibition of human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by temephos-oxidized products
Authors: Verdín-Betancourt Francisco Alberto , Figueroa Mario , López-González Ma. de Lourdes , Gómez Elizabeth , Bernal-Hernández Yael Yvette , Rojas-García Aurora Elizabeth , Sierra-Santoyo Adolfo
Published: October 2019

Temephos (Tem) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used to kill and prevent the growth of the main vectors for the transmission of dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses. In chlorinated water, Tem is oxidized to its dioxon-sulfoxide (Tem-dox-SO), dioxon-sulfone (Tem-dox-SO2), and sulfoxide (Tem-SO) derivatives; however, these compounds are not commercially available to be used as standards and in toxicological studies. In the present study, we synthesized and characterized the Tem-oxidation products and the compound 4,4′-sulfinyldiphenol. These compounds were obtained by a simple reaction between Tem or 4,4′-thiodiphenol with sodium hypochlorite or potassium periodate, and were characterized by IR, NMR, and UPLC-HRESIMS. The in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potency of Tem-oxidized products on human red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE) showed that Tem-dox-SO2 was the most potent inhibitor of human RBC AChE, and its effect was more pronounced than that observed for ethyl-paraoxon, a potent typical inhibitor of AChE. An HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of metabolic products of Tem was developed, which may be useful for monitoring in biological and environmental samples. The ability of Tem-oxidized metabolites to inhibit human RBC AChE suggests that the addition of Tem to chlorinated drinking water could result in an increase in the risk of RBC AChE inhibition after exposure.
Dendritic cells and regulatory T cells expressing CCR4 provide resistance to coxsackievirus B5-induced pancreatitis
Authors: Françozo Marcela C. S. , Costa Frederico R. C. , Guerra-Gomes Isabel C. , Silva João S. , Sesti-Costa Renata
Published: October 2019

Type B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are enteroviruses responsible for a common infectious myocarditis and pancreatitis. DCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in controlling virus replication and regulating the immune response and tissue damage, respectively. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular migration to target tissues remain unclear. In the present study, we found that CVB5 infection induced CCL17 production and controlled the migration of CCR4+ DCs and CCR4+ Tregs to the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN). CVB5 infection of CCR4−/− mice reduced the migration of the CD8α+ DC subset and reduced DC activation and production of IFN-β and IL-12. Consequently, CCR4−/− mice presented decreased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, an increased viral load and more severe pancreatitis. In addition, CCR4−/− mice had impaired Treg accumulation in pLN as well as increased T lymphocyte activation. Adoptive transfer of CCR4+ Tregs but not CCR4− Tregs was able to regulate T lymphocyte activation upon CVB5 infection. The present data reveal a previously unknown role for CCR4 in coordinating immune cell migration to CVB-infected tissues and in controlling subsequent pancreatitis. These new insights may contribute to the design of future therapies for acute and chronic infection of non-polio enteroviruses.
A Portable System to Monitor Saliva Conductivity for Dehydration Diagnosis and Kidney Healthcare
Authors: Lu Yen-Pei , Huang Jo-Wen , Lee I-Neng , Weng Rui-Cian , Lin Ming-Yu , Yang Jen-Tsung , Lin Chih-Ting
Published: October 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major issue in long-term healthcare. It is caused by recurrent kidney injury, which is possible induced by dehydration and heat stress. Therefore, it is important to access the dehydration diagnosis on fields. Conventional instruments for assessing dehydration from blood and urine samples are expensive and time-consuming. These disadvantages limit their applications in high-risk groups susceptible to kidney disease. To address this unmet need, this study presents a portable miniaturized device for dehydration diagnosis with clinical saliva samples. With co-plane coating-free gold electrodes, the dehydration diagnosis was achieved with a saliva specimen at low volumes (50–500 μL). To examine the characteristics, the developed device was assessed by using standard conductivity solutions and the examined variation was <5%. To validate the use for field applications, saliva samples were measured by the developed device and the measured results were compared with standard markers of serum osmolality (N = 30). These data indicate that the measured saliva conductivity is consistent with serum osmolality. And it shows significant difference between healthy adults and healthy farmers (p < 0.05), who typically suffer high risks of CKD. Based on this work, the proposed device and measurement offer a useful method to diagnosis dehydrations and indicate possible potential for CKD.
Electron tomography of mouse LINC complexes at meiotic telomere attachment sites with and without microtubules
Authors: Spindler Marie-Christin , Redolfi Josef , Helmprobst Frederik , Kollmannsberger Philip , Stigloher Christian , Benavente Ricardo
Published: October 2019

Telomere movements during meiotic prophase I facilitate synapsis and recombination of homologous chromosomes. Hereby, chromosome movements depend on the dynamic attachment of meiotic telomeres to the nuclear envelope and generation of forces that actively move the telomeres. In most eukaryotes, forces that move telomeres are generated in the cytoplasm by microtubule-associated motor proteins and transduced into the nucleus through the LINC complexes of the nuclear envelope. Meiotic LINC complexes, in mouse comprised of SUN1/2 and KASH5, selectively localize to the attachment sites of meiotic telomeres. For a better understanding of meiotic telomere dynamics, here we provide quantitative information of telomere attachment sites that we have generated with the aid of electron microscope tomography (EM tomography). Our data on the number, length, width, distribution and relation with microtubules of the reconstructed structures indicate that an average number of 76 LINC complexes would be required to move a telomere attachment site.
The electrochemical applications of rare earth-based nanomaterials
Authors: Huang Haiping , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: October 2019

This review presents a general description of the synthesis and electrochemical properties of rare earth-based nanomaterials and their electrochemical applications.
Intentional hydrolysis to overcome the hydrolysis problem: detection of Ce(iv) by producing oxidase-like nanozymes with F−
Authors: Wang Yawen , Yang Jianzhong , Zhao Yilin , Liu Juewen
Published: October 2019

Fluoride boosts the oxidase-like activity of hydrolyzed Ce(iv) but inhibits the activity of Ce(iv), allowing intentional hydrolysis to be performed for consistent analysis of Ce(iv).
Superconductivity in an organometallic compound
Authors: Wang Ren-Shu , Chen Liu-Cheng , Yang Hui , Fu Ming-An , Cheng Jia , Wu Xiao-Lin , Gao Yun , Huang Zhong-Bing , Chen Xiao-Jia
Published: October 2019

Superconductivity with a Tc of 3.6 K observed in K-doped o-TTB and the molecular arrangement of K-doped o-TTB.
Does the addition of a heteropoly acid change the water percolation threshold of PFSA membranes?
Authors: Akbari Saeed , Mosavian Mohammad Taghi Hamed , Moosavi Fatemeh , Ahmadpour Ali
Published: October 2019

A composite PFSA membrane containing heteropoly acids showed a continuous water percolating network and decreased by 10–20% the required hydration level to reach the percolation threshold.
Rotational characterization of S⋯F chalcogen bonds in the complex of 2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-1,3-dithietane and difluoromethane
Authors: Lu Tao , Zheng Yang , Gou Qian , Hou Gao-Lei , Feng Gang
Published: October 2019

The nature of S⋯F chalcogen bonds and C–H⋯F and C–F⋯F–C contacts was characterized by rotational spectroscopy for the first time.
ZnNb2O6 fibre surface as an efficiently product-selective controller for the near-UV-light-induced nitrobenzene reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Jie , Ge Zhenyu , Pei Linjuan , Kong Peng , Wang Ruiyi , Zhu Pengqi , Liu Meixian , Gu Xianmo , Zheng Zhanfeng
Published: October 2019

A high aniline yield was achieved by the combination of near-UV light as the driving force of nitrobenzene reduction and ZnNb2O6 surface as the product-selective controller.
Why does tautomycetin thioesterase prefer hydrolysis to macrocyclization? Theoretical study on its catalytic mechanism
Authors: Liu Lei , Tao Wentao , Bai Linquan , Kim Eung-Soo , Zhao Yi-Lei , Shi Ting
Published: October 2019

In this study, we attempted to uncover the reasons why Tautomycetin thioesterase (TMC TE) prefers hydrolysis rather than macrocyclization, and reveal the molecular basis of TE-catalyzed hydrolysis and macrocyclization.
Fe3O4@l-Proline/Pd nanocomposite for one-pot tandem catalytic synthesis of (±)-warfarin from benzyl alcohol: synergistic action of organocatalyst and transition metal catalyst
Authors: Tomer Sanjiv O. , Soni Hemant P.
Published: October 2019

One-pot synthesis of (±)-warfarin from scratch! The reported catalytic nanocomposite can carry out 3-way catalysis, namely, oxidation, aldol condensation and Michael addition, in a tandem fashion in PEG-400 and water as 'green' reaction media.
Catalytic enhancement on Ti–Zr complex oxide particles for electrochemical hydrogenation of oxalic acid to produce an alcoholic compound by controlling electronic states and oxide structures
Authors: Yamauchi M. , Hata S. , Eguchi H. , Kitano S. , Fukushima T. , Higashi M. , Sadakiyo M. , Kato K.
Published: October 2019

Ti0.9Zr0.1O2 complex oxide particles exhibit superior catalytic performances for the direct power storage into glycolic acid via electroreduction of oxalic acid due to favorable crystallinity.
Enhanced piezocatalytic, photocatalytic and piezo-/photocatalytic performance of diphasic Ba1−xCaxTiO3 nanowires near a solubility limit
Authors: Lin Enzhu , Wu Jiang , Qin Ni , Yuan Baowei , Kang Zihan , Bao Dinghua
Published: October 2019

Diphasic Ba1−xCaxTiO3 nanowires near a solubility limit exhibit enhanced piezocatalytic, photocatalytic and piezo-/photocatalytic performance.
Demonstration of the nanosize effect of carbon nanomaterials on the dehydrogenation temperature of ammonia borane
Authors: So Soon Hyeong , Jang Jun Ho , Sung Sae Jin , Yang Seung Jae , Nam Ki Tae , Park Chong Rae
Published: October 2019

This study aims to clarify the correlation between the particle size of ammonia borane and the H2 desorption temperature.
Polymer immobilized tantalum(v)–amino acid complexes as selective and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation of olefins and sulfides with aqueous H2O2
Authors: Saikia Gangutri , Ahmed Kabirun , Rajkhowa Chandrasee , Sharma Mitu , Talukdar Hiya , Islam Nashreen S.
Published: October 2019

Polymer supported peroxotantalate based heterogeneous catalysts served as highly efficient, selective and recyclable catalysts for alkene epoxidation and sulfide oxidation with green oxidant aqueous H2O2under mild reaction conditions.
Cooperation and competition of hydrogen and halogen bonds in 2D self-assembled nanostructures based on bromine substituted coumarins
Authors: Zha Bao , Li Jinxing , Wu Juntian , Miao Xinrui , Zhang Min
Published: October 2019

Three coumarin derivatives (Co16, 6-Br-Co16 and 6,8-Br-Co16) with ester, ether, and carbonyl groups and different numbers of bromine substituents on the coumarin cores were synthesized.
Guest-length driven high fidelity self-sorting in supramolecular capsule formation of calix[5]arenes in water
Authors: Pisagatti Ilenia , Barbera Lucia , Gattuso Giuseppe , Parisi Melchiorre F. , Geremia Silvano , Hickey Neal , Notti Anna
Published: October 2019

Only homocapsules 1⊃NC8N⊂1 and 2⊃NC10N⊂2 are selectively formed out of ten potentially different products.
Strategically prolonged release of multiple antibacterial components from a thin film coating for synergistic effects againstStaphylococcus aureusinfections
Authors: Song Meijun , Zhu Haidong , Ye Lin , Liu Chengxiang , Xu Zhaojun
Published: October 2019

Biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) remain a major challenge in clinical surgery because they can potentially cause serious disabilities in patients.
Effect of heat treatment under vacuum on structure and visible-light photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2
Authors: Gao Zhengyuan , Sun Pengfei , Fang Yiliu , Li Chuanqiang , Yuan Xiaoya , Zheng Xuxu , Gao Jiacheng
Published: October 2019

Nano-TiO2 is known as a photocatalyst with high catalytic activity.
Niobium-substituted octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) materials in selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane
Authors: Wasalathanthri Niluka D. , Guild Curtis , Nizami Quddus A. , Dissanayake Shanka L. , He Junkai , Kerns Peter , Fee Jared , Achola Laura , Rathnayake Dinithi , Weerakkody Chandima , Suib Steven L. , Nandi Partha
Published: October 2019

The prepared bifunctional Nb-OMS-2 catalysts are promising candidate in partial oxidation of methanol into dimethoxymethane at a lower temperature suggesting that there is an important temperature regime when forming active sites for DMM production.
Melting properties of peptides and their solubility in water. Part 1: dipeptides based on glycine or alanine
Authors: Do Hoang Tam , Chua Yeong Zen , Habicht Jonas , Klinksiek Marcel , Hallermann Moritz , Zaitsau Dzmitry , Schick Christoph , Held Christoph
Published: October 2019

Combination of the PC-SAFT and FSC methods allows for accurate prediction of dipeptide solubility in water in a wide temperature range without the need to fit any model parameters to experimental solubility data.
Tailor-made block copolymers of l-, d- and rac-lactides and ε-caprolactone via one-pot sequential ring opening polymerization by pyridylamidozinc(ii) catalysts
Authors: D'Auria Ilaria , D'Alterio Massimo Christian , Tedesco Consiglia , Pellecchia Claudio
Published: October 2019

New 3-coordinated Zn ROP catalysts afford lactide stereo-block copolymers with variable block lengths and steric structures and diblock ε-caprolactone-lactide copolymers at room temperature and in short reaction times.
The Milky Way has no in-situ halo other than the heated thick disc
Authors: Di Matteo P. , Haywood M. , Lehnert M. D. , Katz D. , Khoperskov S. , Snaith O. N. , Gómez A. , Robichon N.
Published: October 2019

Previous studies based on the analysis of Gaia DR2 data have revealed that accreted stars, possibly originating from a single progenitor satellite, are a significant component of the halo of our Galaxy, potentially constituting most of the halo stars at [Fe/H] <  −1 within a few kpc from the Sun and beyond. In this paper, we couple astrometric data from Gaia DR2 with elemental abundances from APOGEE DR14 to characterise the kinematics and chemistry of in-situ and accreted populations up to [Fe/H] ∼ −2. Accreted stars appear to significantly impact the galactic chemo–kinematic relations, not only at [Fe/H] <  −1, but also at metallicities typical of the thick and metal-poor thin discs. They constitute about 60% of all stars at [Fe/H] <  −1, the remaining 40% being made of (metal-weak) thick-disc stars. We find that the stellar kinematic fossil record shows the imprint left by this accretion event, which heated the old galactic disc. We are able to age-date this kinematic imprint, showing that the accretion occurred between nine and 11 Gyr ago, and that it led to the last significant heating of the galactic disc. An important fraction of stars with abundances typical of the (metal-rich) thick disc, and heated by this interaction, is now found in the galactic halo. Indeed, about half of the kinematically defined halo at few kpc from the Sun is composed of metal-rich thick-disc stars. Moreover, we suggest that this metal-rich thick-disc component dominates the stellar halo of the inner Galaxy. The new picture that emerges from this study is one where the standard, non-rotating in-situ halo population, the collapsed halo, seems to be more elusive than ever.
A method for detecting the early stages of local corrosion processes
Authors: Blokhin Vladimir , Dorosinskiy Anton , Manjosov Aleksandr , Markin Andrey
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the issues of monitoring the parameters of carbon dioxide corrosion of oil and gas production equipment and pipelines. The features of the main control methods traditionally used in the construction of corrosion monitoring systems, both in gas and in oil environments, are described. The article shows the random nature of local corrosion. A new approach to the creation of systems capable of detecting manifestations of local corrosion in real time and corresponding to the concept of “smart” deposits is proposed.
Study of oxide layers on metals and alloys by cyclic local voltammetry
Authors: Gukin Anton E. , Rublinetskaya Yuliya V. , Rasshchepkina Natalja A. , Slepushkin Vyacheslav V.
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with the possibilities of local electrochemical analysis (LEA) in the investigation of anode properties and predicting corrosion behavior of metals and galvanic alloys. Our aim is to study changes in the surface composition in the process of anodic dissolution, determine the phase composition and quality of passive films on the surface of metals and alloys and control oxide nanofilm resistivity. We show the possibility of using the hybrid LEA method that combines cyclic local voltammetry and abrasive voltammetry to investigate the kinetics of oxide layer growth, determine their thickness, phase composition and resistivity. Analysis of one polarization curve makes it possible to monitor the process of oxide film formation on the metal surface (anode part) and estimate its phase composition and resistivity (cathode part). We propose a novel way of calculating the resistivity of the oxide film and an equation that describes its growth. The results of theoretical calculations are confirmed by the experimental data obtained in the course of analyzing the polarization of tin, lead and their alloys in an aqueous alkaline solution. The dependence of the oxide film thickness on the time of film growth is exponential.
The effect of defect size and soil aggressivity on corrosion of underground oil & gas pipelines
Authors: Halama Maros , Haluschak Emily , Hanzes Peter , Baranova Gabriela
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, the oil & gas industry has limited number of non-destructive corrosion techniques for assessment of life-time of existing infrastructures, especially on low and medium pressure pipelines exposed to aggressive soil environment where defect in isolation and presence of water formed ideal conditions for corrosion attack. Efficient non-destructive corrosion monitoring can be achieved using mobile potentiostat through the selection of appropriate monitoring techniques and special kind of sensor. OCP potential is monitored for 10 minutes and actual corrosion rate of pipeline with corrosion products in soil mixture was determined using Stern polarization technique in non-invasive arrangement. Using global database with range of minimum and maximum corrosion rate limits obtained from terrain measurements we can determine active or passive role of corrosion products and assess risk joint with aggressiveness of soil in location of interest. Finally, values were divided between high active, medium active and passive corrosion. Output is alarm, which can help in decision if reconstruction of underground pipelines where isolation failed in time is sufficient or not. When done properly, corrosion monitoring using non-invasive “in-situ” technique can serve as an early warning system before the onset of corrosion related failures.
Destruction mechanisms and methods of laboratory autoclave tests of internal coatings of oil pipes
Authors: Yudin Pavel , Petrov Sergei , Maximuk Andrey , Knyazeva Zhanna
Published: October 2019

The main mechanisms of destruction of internal anticorrosive polymer coatings (IACPC) of the inner surface of tubing and fielding pipes are review in the article. They are divide into decompression peeling, substrate destruction under the corrosion of and natural aging of the polymeric basis. A critical analysis of the existing standards for the testing of internal anticorrosive coatings was made. The carrying out test on these documents does not allow obtaining the destructions identical to those found during the exploitation of pipelines. Investigations on the selection of optimal regimes of autoclave tests and the methodology for conduct research are describe. A comparison for the results of laboratory and experimental field tests of the coatings presented.
Potentiostatic threshold potentials of stainless steels
Authors: Mehlich Martin , Hoffmeister Hans , Böllinghaus Thomas , Münster Christoph
Published: October 2019

Potentiodynamic measurements are used to determine key potentials to classify certain corrosion properties. The material selection for components (e.g. shafts) in corrosive environments is widely based upon these potentiodynamic measurements. Criticism for using these potentials for component design has been expressed in literature. Potentiostatic measurements are known to represent the long term corrosive impact experienced by components in a more realistic manner but are prone to scatter. Therefore a statistical approach called staircase method was adapted to the given electrochemical problem.

With using this staircase method, a reliable value for the median potential (threshold potential) can be determined. This potential defines the threshold between anodic dissolution and cathodic protection. For the first time, this newly defined potentiostatic threshold potential is offering a validated median potential value for corrosion prediction in a given corrosion system based on potentiostatic measurements. Threshold potentials for the stainless steel grades 1.4057 and 1.4542 were investigated in aerated electrolytes at 25°C with different chloride ion concentrations.
The influence of total sediment of petroleum products on the corrosiveness of the metal of the tanks during storage
Authors: Sultanbekov Radel , Nazarova Maria
Published: October 2019

Storage tanks for petroleum products must comply with the requirements of technical, technological and environmental safety. The corrosion rate increases with prolonged storage of petroleum products in tanks. To prevent the destruction processes for reliable operation of tanks caused by metal corrosion some solutions are needed. Active formation of general sludge occurs in the storage of fuel oil, which contains corrosion-active substances, because of the incompatibility of fuels. The paper assesses the effect of total oil sludge in tanks on the corrosion process and on the reliability of tanks. Studies of the formation of a common sediment caused by incompatibility when mixing petroleum products are conducted. The paper proposes a solution which allows to reduce the formation of total oil sludge and to ensure reliable operation of reservoirs.
Types of corrosion damage of tubing in the oilfield
Authors: Devyaterikova Natalya , Nurmukhametova Marianna , Kharlashin Aleksandr , Popov Yegor
Published: October 2019

The accumulated research data of tubing fragments after operation made it possible to generalize and systematize information on the prevailing type of corrosion damage and operating conditions that determine the mechanism of their development. Understanding basic laws of the development of corrosion processes in specific operating conditions, allows to select the optimal type of tubing for these conditions more accurately.
Study on corrosion mechanism of the weld seam of submarine pipeline’s spool
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Liao Kexi , Chen Zhuoting , Zhou Feilong
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the corrosion mechanism of the weld seam of the submarine pipeline’s spool. The types and causes of inner tube weld corrosion are simulated by EDX and XRD analysis of the on-site pipe corrosion products, combined with OLGA Software simulation pipeline flow pattern. The tensile testing, impact testing and hardness testing were carried out on the base metal and the weld by tensile tester, pendulum impact tester and Brinell hardness tester to analyze the mechanical properties of the base metal and the weld; the microstructural difference between the weld and the base metal were analyzed by optical microscopy; The results show that the liquid phase flow rate along the line is between 3.5m/s and 7.5m/s, which aggravates the mixing between the gas and liquid phases to form a bubble flow. When the entire weld area is immersed in the same simulated medium solution, the galvanic corrosion occurs in three parts of the weld zone. The weld seam and heat affected zone will be accelerated to corrode as the anode region of the galvanic couple. The weld seam has the lowest corrosion potential and is always used as an anode to accelerate corrosion.
Effect of formation water and hydrochloric acid on the physical and chemical properties of polymer materials of high pressure pipelines used for transportation of crude oil
Authors: Aiduganov Dmitrii , Balkaev Dinar , Varfolomeev Mikhail , Emelianov Dmitrii
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the stability of two types of polymer coatings to the effects of formation water and hydrochloric acid based on the analysis of mechanical properties, thermal stability and surface morphology. To accomplish the task, modern physical-chemical methods were used: differential scanning calorimetry, microscopy, an electromechanical universal testing machine, a dilatometer. Simulation of the effect of water at elevated temperatures and pressures on the polymer coating samples was carried out in an autoclave-reactor, the study of the effect of acid was carried out in a glass beaker. On the basis of the work carried out, results were obtained that show similarities and differences in the behavior of the polymer samples studied. The change of the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion with increasing temperature is investigated. In general, it has been shown that PE-RT polymer has better characteristics than PE polymer. However, both of them are stable to the exposure of formation water and hydrochloric acid and can protect corrosion of high pressure pipes connections.
Optimization of the composition of austenitic stainless nitrogen-containing steels with high corrosion and mechanical properties
Authors: Berezovskaya Vera , Merkushkin Evgeny , Ananyin Alexey
Published: October 2019

The study investigated 16 grades of austenitic stainless steels (ASS) with different chemical composition, including nitrogen. Metallographic and electrochemical studies of pitting corrosion in a solution of 3.5% NaCl (GOST 9.912) were carried out. The optimum ratios of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in ASS are determined, which allow obtaining high resistance to pitting corrosion and high strength. Equation of the dependence of break down potential Eb and strength (Rp0.2 and Rm) on the chemical composition of the steels with nitrogen were proposed. The effect of heat treatment and severe plastic deformation on the pitting resistance, mechanical and paramagnetic properties of the HNS has been studied. It was shown that during SPD, the HNS strength increased by about 3 times, while the fracture was not brittle and occurred by the quasi-cleavage mechanism. Although the potential of Eb decreased, it remained higher than that of steel 09Cr18Ni10Ti. The HNS of the investigated composition also showed high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in a quenched and aged at 500 zC states, and did not show embrittlement in a corrosive environment even after SPD.
Hot-salt corrosion of alloys PT-7M, 42ХНМ, Inconel 690, Incoloy 800
Authors: Bykh Oleg , Bakhmetev Aleksandr , Sandler Natin , Tryaev Petr , Ershova Anna , Mikhailov Anatoly , Loginova Ekaterina , Sozinov Aleksey
Published: October 2019

The Article contains the results of the study performed for the samples made from alloys PT-7М, 42ХНМ, Inconel 690, Incoloy 800 for resistance against hot salt corrosion in the mixture of crystallized NaCl and KBr salts, in ratio 300:1 by weight, and in the temperature range from 150 °С to 300 °С, both in contact with the air and in a leak-tight autoclave in the atmosphere of saturated water steam. Regularities of hot salt corrosion behavior in the alloys under the study were detected under testing conditions. The atmosphere of saturated water steam inhibits development of halt salt corrosion of alloy ПТ-7М in the entire temperature range of the testing.
Iron Oxide-Coated Gravel Fixed Bed Column Study Performance to Remove Mixed Metals from Landfill Leachate
Authors: Yildiz Ibrahim , Sizirici Banu
Published: October 2019

Iron oxide-coated gravel as an adsorbent was employed in continuous fixed bed column study to remove Fe(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) simultaneously in synthetic leachate samples. Experimental and modeled adsorption capacities derived from the breakthrough curves showed the adsorption capacity order of Zn(II)>Fe(II)> Ni(II). Iron oxide-coated gravel column removed 58.24% of Zn(II), 47.71% of Fe(II), and 39.45% of Ni(II). Desorption process was studied in order to test the regeneration capability of iron oxidecoated gravel. It was seen that 99.64 % of Ni(II), 99.54% of Fe(II) and 6.75% of Zn (II) were recovered through the first cycle of adsorption/desorption. In the second cycle, the recovery rates dropped to 81.4% for Ni(II), 80% for Fe(II) and 4% for Zn(II). Based on these results, iron oxide coated gravel has potential to remove mixed metal ions simultaneously in aqueous solutions.
Pyrolysis oil production from polypropylene plastic waste using molybdenum modified alumina-silica catalysts
Authors: Jantasee Sasiradee , Phetyim Natacha , Petchinthorn Komm , Thanupongmanee Tunyahpat , Sripirom Nuntiporn
Published: October 2019

The production of pyrolysis oil from polypropylene plastic waste was examined over molybdenum modified alumina-silica catalysts (Mo/Al-Si). The reactions were carried out with 1 L of batch reactor under atmospheric pressure at 430 °C. The pyrolysis oil yield was in the order, 10% Mo/Al-Si > 5% Mo/Al-Si > the absence of catalyst. The 10% Mo/Al-Si was highest activity due to the stronger acidity facilitating the pyrolysis reaction. It accelerated the reaction to produce the pyrolysis oil at lower temperature. Comparison of the pyrolysis oil properties to the standards of the diesel fuel from Thai Department of Energy Business shows that the color and the distillation were within standards. Moreover, the results reveal that the kind of raw material affected the product yield of pyrolysis process.
Potential assessment of hybrid PV-Wind systems for household applications in rural areas: Case study of Morocco
Authors: Tenghiri Lhoussaine , Khalil Yassine , Abdi Farid , Bentamy Anas
Published: October 2019

Proper combination of wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can result in optimal configurations that maximise the Annual Energy Production (AEP) while being economically attractive. This paper presents a typical approach to the design of a hybrid PV-Wind system for household applications in rural areas. Based on the capacity factor of the hybrid system components, a design methodology was developed to maximize the AEP and to minimise the investment cost. The electricity generated will be used to meet the load requirements of the user while the potential excess of the power will be stored in the battery system or dissipated in a dump resistor. This design methodology is suitable for household applications presenting limitations in the available roof area where the PV panels will be installed. Implementing the PV panels on the house's roof intends to eliminate the shadow over the panels, to avoid the material damage, and to prevent vandalism. Four different cities were selected to conduct the study. These are Tetouan, Essaouira, Dakhla, and Ouarzazate. For the present design approach, the installed cost of the hybrid system includes the price of the storage system.
Synthesis of Phosphorus Solution for n+ Si Selective Emitter Solar Cell by Spin on Doping
Authors: Fangsuwannarak Thipwan , Laohawiroj Supanut , Mekmork Kamonchanok
Published: October 2019

A strong requirement in manufacturing of high-efficiency solar cells is its cost reduction. One approach of aim is to merge several steps of n+ Si selective emitter processing into one step without degrading the performance of solar cells. By varying the doping level in the selective area, intrinsic fields can be built into solar cells with potential benefits long recognized. In this paper, the spin-on doping (SOD) method was used for the purpose of important tasks, different phosphorus diffusion to form n+ Si selective area consisting of the lightly and heavily doping emitter areas with 35 Ω/sheet and 121 Ω/sheet. The main solution containing different concentrations of phosphorus doped-SOD source was synthesized in this work. The sheet-resistance dependence of n-Si emitter layers on the concentration of phosphorus acid in the SOD solution was studied in term of the volume ration of TEOS: H3PO4, as well as the thermal diffusion temperature. The suitable condition for forming n+ Si selective emitters in one process step is 1000°C
diffusion temperature for 30 minutes with the complementary SOD volume ratio of 4:1 and 2:1. SOD solution can be patterned by a screen printing or an inkjet printing.
A Review of Power Infrastructure Financing: The Brazil and India Approach
Authors: Mathe Kasenge , Ntebo Ngcobo , Oikelomen Ayorinde Emmanuel
Published: October 2019

Infrastructure development promotes human capital development. Access to quality education and health care are some of the incentives of Infrastructure development. The development of power infrastructure in Brazil and India has greatly facilitated it gross domestic product (GDP) and social-economic development. This study assesses the approach of development of power infrastructure in Brazil and India as a prerequisite for other emerging nationʼs economy to follow. A confirmatory literature involving power infrastructure development in India and Brazil was explored for the purpose of this study. The paper highlights the challenges, policies effects, legislations effects, ways to finance, philosophical approach and the economic benefits involves in power infrastructure development in Brazil and India. Power infrastructure will strive when the challenges involves in its development is addressed. The adoption of this approach of implementing the developmental challenges, better policies, innovative financing scheme and effective legislations that has aided the development of power infrastructure development and should be replicated in emerging nations i.e. sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). In addition, direct implementation of this approach will bring forth the benefits of infrastructure development. This will contribute to the knowledge of power infrastructure development in emerging nations across the globe.
Off-label Anwendung einer budesonidhaltigen Suspension für
die Behandlung einer lymphozytären Ösophagitis
Authors: Paparoupa Maria , Linnemüller Stephan , Schuppert Frank
Published: October 2019

Einleitung Die lymphozytäre Ösophagitis (Englisch: lymphocytic
esophagitis-LyE) ist eine seltene chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung der
Speiseröhre, die klinisch ähnliche Charakteristika wie die eosinophile
Ösophagitis aufweist. Der wichtigste Bestandteil der Behandlung sind die
Protonenpumpenhemmer. Für die lokal wirkenden Steroide gibt es kein festes
Therapieregime.

Fallbericht Ein 62-jähriger Patient stellte sich zur Abklärung einer
chronischen Dysphagie mit zuvor diagnostizierten multiplen Ösophagusstenosen
vor. Endoskopisch zeigte sich das Bild einer Pseudotrachealisierung mit diffus
verteilten Ösophagusringen und Furchen. Die Diagnose der LyE wurde anhand der
immunhistochemischen Analyse der Schleimhautbiopsien gestellt. Wir behandelten
initial mit Budesonid in Form von Kapseln (Entocort 3 × 3 mg
Hartkapseln® einmal täglich). Um bei Dysphagie die Akzeptanz der
Therapie für den Patienten zu erhöhen, entschlossen wir uns zur off-label
Anwendung von Suspensionen, die routinemäßig zur Verneblung bei Asthma oder COPD
verwendet werden (Budenobronch® 0,5 mg zweimal täglich). Darunter kam
es zur klinischen und später zur histologischen Remission.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Kasuistik berichtet über ein rein empirisches
Therapiekonzept, was zur klinischen und histologischen Remission einer chronisch
verlaufenden LyE geführt hat.
Chirurgie des Larynx: Maligne Läsionen
Authors: Arens Christoph , Schwemmle Cornelia , Voigt-Zimmermann Susanne
Published: October 2019

Bei der Chirurgie maligner Kehlkopftumoren ist es das Ziel, dass die Patienten
postoperativ eine möglichst hohe Lebensqualität zurückerlangen. Unter
onkologischem Aspekt ist einerseits so radikal wie nötig und andererseits so
funktionserhaltend wie möglich zu behandeln. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick
über die Chirurgie bei Malignomen des Larynx und den derzeitigen Stand der
transoral-endoskopischen Kehlkopfoperationen geben.
Pulsatiler Tinnitus: Korrektur sigmoider
Sinuswand-Anomalien effektive Therapie
Authors: Schwab Burkard
Published: October 2019

Zhang C et al. Physical and psychological outcomes of simple sigmoid sinus bony
wall repair for pulsatile tinnitus due to sigmoid sinus wall anomalies. Eur Arch
Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276: 1327–1334

Ein pulsatiler Tinnitus (PT) aufgrund von Anomalien der sigmoiden Sinuswand
(SSWA) ist eine häufige Gesundheitsstörung. In einer retrospektiven Studie
wurde die Effizienz einer einfachen Reparatur der SSWA bei Patienten mit PT
und die daraus resultierenden psychischen Veränderungen untersucht.
Das Radialispenoid mit präformierter Harnröhre – Eine Analyse der Komplikationen anhand der Clavien-Dindo Klassifikation
Authors: Küntscher Anna-Marie , Kilian Maik , Bull Sascha , Küntscher Markus Volkmar
Published: October 2019

Das Radialispenoid hat sich im Rahmen der geschlechtsangleichenden Operationen (gaOP) Frau zu Mann (FzM) etabliert. Neben den Verfahren nach Chang und Gottlieb gibt es jedoch für die Variante mit präformierter Harnröhre ein Erfahrungsdefizit. Diese Arbeit soll die Komplikationen der verschiedenen Operationsteilschritte aufführen und anhand der Clavien-Dindo Klassifikation einteilen.

Patienten und Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden alle Patienten, die vom 01.01.2011 bis 30.06.2017 eine Radialislappenplastik mit präformierter Harnröhre im Rahmen der gaOP in unserer Klinik erhalten haben. Es konnten 39 Patienten in diese retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen werden. Erfasst wurden die Komplikationen der Kolpektomie, der Harnröhrenpräformierung, der Penoidkonstruktion, der Hodenprothesenimplantation und der Glansplastik. Der Nachbeobachtungszeitraum vom Datum des Penoidaufbaus betrug zwischen 6 und 80 Monaten, im Durchschnitt 32 Monate. Die Komplikationen wurden nach Clavien Dindo eingeteilt.

Ergebnisse Die Penoidkonstruktion verlief bei 5 von 39 Patienten (12,8 %) ohne Komplikation. Bei 22 Patienten (56,4 %) kam es zu einer Grad I Komplikation. Bei vier Patienten (10,3 %) kam es zu einer Grad II Komplikation. Bei 16 Patienten (41,0 %) trat eine Komplikation Grad IIIb auf. Ein Patient erlitt eine Grad IV Komplikation (2,6 %).

28 der 39 Patienten (71,8 %) hatten postoperativ eine Fistel. Jedoch mussten diese Fisteln nur bei acht der 28 Patienten chirurgisch verschlossen werden (20,5 % des Gesamtkollektivs). Bei 5 Patienten kam es zu einer Stenose (12,8 %), bei zwei Patienten mehrfach (insgesamt 8 Stenosen). Unter den 16 Patienten mit einer drittgradigen Komplikation kam es bei zwei Patienten (5,1 %) zu einem Lappenverlust.

Schlussfolgerung Das Radialispenoid mit präformierter Harnröhre stellt mittlerweile ein etabliertes Verfahren zur Penoidkonstruktion bei FzM-Transidenten Patienten dar. Im Rahmen unserer Lernkurve und aufgrund einer technischen Modifikation mit einer Visierlappenplastik i. B. der Harnröhrenanastomose konnte die Quote der urologischen Komplikationen im Hinblick auf die Fisteln deutlich gesenkt werden. Die vorliegende große Serie liefert eine Datenbasis an klassifizierten Komplikationen nach Clavien-Dindo für zukünftige Vergleiche zu neuen Techniken oder Innovationen bekannter Verfahren.
A 2-step fast-track elastometry service for advanced workup of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients – single-center real-world experience of outpatient clinical practice
Authors: Alsenbesy Mohamed , Rau Monika , Weiss Johannes , Götze Oliver , Geier Andreas
Published: October 2019

Introduction and aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally with an estimated prevalence of approximately 25 %. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as the progressive disease entity often leads to fibrosis and end-stage disease. The magnitude of NAFLD patients are not diagnosed and have no access to further clinical assessment. Diagnostic pathways for individual risk evaluation fitting with available resources are of utmost importance in real-world clinical practice.

Methods Retrospective analysis of 1346 anonymized outpatient datasets at Würzburg University Hospital, Germany. Transient elastography (TE) with controlled attenuation parameter and laboratory-based risk scores (NFS, FIB-4) were the main diagnostic workup tools for risk stratification.

Results After preselection based on questionnaire information NAFLD still accounts for one-fifth of patients in the liver outpatient service. More than 80 % of NAFLD patients receive their first-time diagnosis in our unit. Laboratory-based risk scores and TE are valuable tools for second-step risk assessment as shown in our clinical data analysis. Moreover, 65 % of NAFLD patients use inpatient services for at least 1 day. The policy to perform liver biopsy in high-risk patients above the recommended threshold of 9.6 kPa if any clinical doubt exists regarding the diagnosis of cirrhosis leads to a histological down staging in almost 80 %.

Conclusion Questionnaire-based referral from primary care followed by broadly available fast-track TE and eventually liver biopsy for selected patients is the standard practice in our unit. This approach represents a feasible model to handle the large gap between availability and clinical need for TE facilities.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy using soft fiber-optic choledochoscope
Authors: Jin Hao , Fan Jinrui , Li Wei , Cui Min
Published: October 2019

Many patients with intrahepatic cholelithiasis need surgical treatment during their life. For patients with hepatolithiasis, conventional therapy methods suggest partial hepatectomy or hepatic transplantation, while both kinds of surgery carry a considerable risk and trauma. Under such conditions, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy provides an alternative method for hepatolithiasis treatment. Conventional rigid choledochoscope applied in percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy often lack sufficient flexibility for complete intrahepatic bile duct inspection. In this article, we report a case of one patient with complex hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis who received percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy using the newly-developed soft fiber-optic choledochoscope. This treatment represents a safe and effective outcome. We came to the conclusion that soft fiber-optic choledochoscope guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy seems a promising treatment option for selected patients with hepatolithiasis, especially for those who cannot accept conventional methods.
Selen und Schilddrüsenentzündungen
Authors: Stoll Günther
Published: October 2019

Selen ist für die Synthese von Schilddrüsenhormonen und das Abfangen von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies bei dieser Reaktion wichtig. Neben das Jod tritt somit Selen als ein wichtiges Spurenelement, das für die physiologische Thyroideafunktion unabdingbar ist. Sowohl bei einer Unterfunktion (Hypothyreose) als auch bei einer Überfunktion (Hyperthyreose) kann mit Selen therapeutisch eingegriffen werden. Noch völlig unterschätzt ist bislang der Einfluss von Selen auf eine korrekte Schilddrüsenfunktion während der Schwangerschaft sowie auf die neurokognitive Entwicklung des Kindes nach der Geburt.
Der Magnesiumhaushalt – Update 2019
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Gröber Uwe
Published: October 2019

Magnesium muss als essenzieller Mineralstoff in ausreichenden Mengen zugeführt werden. Die klinische Bedeutung der Magnesiumüberladung bzw. -intoxikation ist eher gering. Ein Magnesiummangel mit reduzierten Enzymaktivitäten tritt beim Menschen häufig auf, er lässt sich jedoch schwer nachweisen. Eine kausale Therapie der Hypomagnesiämie ist durch Sicherstellung des normalen Tagesbedarfs sowie durch Beseitigung hormonaler und medikamentöser Ursachen möglich.