bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ (16SrVI) EN CHILE MIRASOL (Capsicum annuun L.) CULTIVADO EN ZACATECAS, MÉXICO
Authors: Mauricio-Castillo Jorge A. , Salas-Muñoz Silvia , Velásquez-Valle Rodolfo , Ambríz-Granados Salvador , Reveles-Torres Luis R.
Published: July 2020

Plantas de chile (Capsicum annuum L.) para secado tipo Mirasol que mostraban síntomas de yema grande, amarillamiento y enrollamiento foliar, fueron colectadas en parcelas comerciales en el municipio de Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas, México. Se analizaron mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) anidada para determinar la presencia de fitoplasmas, con el par de oligonucleótidos universales P1/Tint, seguido del par R16F2n/R16R2, y del análisis de fragmentos del ADNr 16S mediante la obtención de bandas polimórficas a partir de patrones de restricción (RFLP). La presencia de dos patrones de restricción diferentes indicó la existencia de dos nuevas cepas de ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’, grupo 16SrVI. La primera secuencia de fitoplasma (ChZac4F3) correspondió al subgrupo 16SrVI-A; en cambio la segunda secuencia de fitoplasma (ChZac5F1) se clasificó dentro de un nuevo subgrupo (16SrVI-J). Ambas secuencias mostraron una similitud de 99.2 y 99.1 %, respectivamente, al ser comparadas con la cepa de referencia de ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ (AY390261) al analizarlas con el programa iPhyClassifier. Este es el primer reporte de dos nuevas cepas de ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ asociadas con la sintomatología de yema grande, amarillamiento y enrollamiento foliar en chile Mirasol en Zacatecas, México.
A Laboratory Model for Virus Particle Nanoindentation
Authors: Thompson William C. , Cattani Angela J. , Lee Olive , Ma Xiang , Tsvetkova Irina B. , Dragnea Bogdan
Published: July 2020

Self-organization is ubiquitous in biology, with viruses providing an excellent illustration of bioassemblies being much more than the sum of their parts. Following nature's lead, molecular self-assembly has emerged as a new synthetic strategy in the past 3 decades or so. Self-assembly approaches promise to generate complex supramolecular architectures having molecular weights of 0.5 to 100 MDa and collective properties determined by the interplay between structural organization and composition. However, biophysical methods specific to mesoscopic self-assembly, and presentations of the challenges they aim to overcome, remain underrepresented in the educational laboratory curriculum. We present here a simple but effective model for laboratory instruction that introduces students to the world of intermolecular forces and virus assembly, and to a cutting-edge technology, atomic force microscopy nanoindentation, which is able to measure the mechanical properties of single virus shells in vitro. In addition, the model illustrates the important idea that, at nanoscale, phenomena often have an inherent interdisciplinary character.
Designing a Compact, Low-Cost FRET Microscopy Platform for the Undergraduate Classroom
Authors: Rupel John W. , Sdao Sophia M. , Johnston Kadina E. , Nethery Ethan T. , Gabardi Kaitlyn A. , Ratliff Benjamin A. , Simmons Zach J. , Postlewaite Jack T. , Kita Angela M. , Rogers Jeremy D. , Merrins Matthew J.
Published: July 2020

Advances in fluorescent biosensors allow researchers to spatiotemporally monitor a diversity of biochemical reactions and secondary messengers. However, commercial microscopes for the specific application of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) are prohibitively expensive to implement in the undergraduate classroom, owing primarily to the dynamic range required and need for ratiometric emission imaging. The purpose of this article is to provide a workflow to design a low-cost, FRET-enabled microscope and to equip the reader with sufficient knowledge to compare commercial light sources, optics, and cameras to modify the device for a specific application. We used this approach to construct a microscope that was assembled by undergraduate students with no prior microscopy experience that is suitable for most single-cell cyan and yellow fluorescent protein FRET applications. The utility of this design was demonstrated by measuring small metabolic oscillations by using a lactate FRET sensor expressed in primary mouse pancreatic islets, highlighting the biologically suitable signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range of our compact microscope. The instructions in this article provide an effective teaching tool for undergraduate educators and students interested in implementing FRET in a cost-effective manner.
Nuevos paradigmas de atención educativa a la diversidad. Consideraciones
Authors: Rodríguez Torres Javier , Gómez Jiménez Óscar
Published: July 2020

Los actuales desarrollos legislativos en el marco de la atención educativa a la diversidad del alumnado, han puesto de relieve la necesidad de adaptar los modelos educativos actuales a las demandas de la escuela inclusiva y a las recientes investigaciones en el ámbito de la discapacidad. Estos nuevos modelos, ponen el foco en la mejora de la calidad de vida del alumnado, ofreciendo una educación adaptada y personalizada a las características individuales de este, dotando de calidad al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje y permitiendo la correcta adecuación de la enseñanza al alumnado, con el fin último de desarrollar su máximo potencial.

El presente trabajo se presenta como una revisión del modelo de atención educativa que engloba las últimas investigaciones en materia de diversidad educativa. Partiendo de los principios de atención a la diversidad de la escuela inclusiva y del modelo de calidad de vida desarrollado por Schalock y Verdugo, se presenta una nueva concepción de la discapacidad en el área educativo, donde el alumnado adquiere el protagonismo de su proceso de aprendizaje, totalmente ajustado a su realidad personal, familiar y social, dando así respuesta a las demandas de la sociedad actual y a las demandas del alumnado en materia de inclusión dentro del grupo de iguales y de participación dentro del entorno educativo y de la sociedad en la que se desarrolla.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam Pada Madrasah Tingkat Dasar di Kabupaten Pasuruan
Authors: Fathurrohman Amang , Wijaya Mohammad Yusuf , Tyasmaning Endang Tyasmaning , Hufron  , Saputra Alfian Adi Saputra , Muhammad Holimi  , Priatmojo Suryo Kuncoro  , Fatmah K
Published: July 2020

Islamic Cultural History Lessons have been studied at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) and Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative method, which was sourced from 15 MI and MTs institutions taken randomly in 4 sub-districts in Pasuruan Regency. The results of this study indicate that many Islamic Cultural History Lessons Teachers still use lecture and discussion methods. Media often used are books and student worksheets. Teachers' problems in teaching media and learning facilities are limited, especially the availability of LCDs and access to Islamic History videos that are relevant to the subject matter. The learning process that relies heavily on the lecture method has implications for students who are bored and have difficulty understanding Islamic Cultural History subject matter. The solutions used include reviewing it repeatedly, providing motivation and innovating learning about Islamic Cultural History
Child Activity Recognition using Deep Learning
Authors:   Department of Software Engineering from Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat., Suthar Binjal , Gadhiya Bijal ,   Assistant professor in Computer Engineering Department, at Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar.
Published: July 2020

The human action recognition is the subject to predicting what an individual is performing based on a trace of their development exploiting a several strategies. Perceiving human activities is an ordinary region of eagerness in view of its various potential applications; though, it is still in start. It is a trending analysis area possessed by the range from dependable automation, medicinal services to developing the smart supervision system. In this work, we are trying to recognize the activity of the child from video dataset using deep learning techniques. The proposed system will help parent to take care of their baby during the job or from anywhere else to know what the baby is doing. This can also be useful to prevent the in-house accident falls of the child and for health monitoring. The activities can be performed by child include sleeping, walking, running, crawling, playing, eating, cruising, clapping, laughing, crying and many more. We are focusing on recognizing crawling, running, sleeping, and walking activities of the child in this study. The offered system gives the best result compared with the existing methods, which utilize sensor-based information. Experimental results proved that the offered deep learning model had accomplished 94.73% accuracy for recognizing the child activity.
Charlotte Brontë and Jane Eyre: the beginning of an emancipatory process between literary girls and real girls
Authors: Alfonsi Marianna
Published: July 2020

Giving a right place to literature for children in the context of general literature means to recognizing its roots and influences in a wider landscape. Charlotte Brontë work inserted in this context has a double meaning both because it links adult and child female characters (The italian society of literates has defined them «personagge»), and because it brings us back to the roots of a literature written by women with female protagonists able to undermine the socially approved traditional rules. Recovering Jane Eyre is the first step to be taken to trace a new way of writing about women and telling about “the becoming” of women, delineating a parallel path to bildungsroman, in which the feminine youth has not found full consideration. To define an itinerary for women and girls it is then necessary to analyze the studies of feminist literary criticism that has investigated the relationship between women and literature since 70s, both from the writer’s and reader’s point of view. The objective thus becomes the one to recover the history of that link that unites the presence of women and girls in literature and their search for an autonomous space of imagination, thought and action. Inserting Jane Eyre in the children’s literature allows us to trace the birth of the authentic female child, and the beginning of an emancipatory process that poses important questions about the role of reading and literature in social and educational contexts.
Two pioneering studies on disability in popular culture and children’s literature
Authors: Schianchi Matteo
Published: July 2020

One of the first authors to have dealt with disability issues in the Italian context, from a perspective centred on the imaginary, popular culture and literature was the French René-Claude Lachal (1938-2003). Some of his texts are still unknown and still represent significant analysis on this subject.
The wounded school. Framing race pedagogies through INDIRE digital collections
Authors: Giorgi Pamela , Mazzini Elena , Garista Patrizia
Published: July 2020

Contemporary challenges in school and society, against any form of racism, refer to the urgency and the pedagogical potential of “memories” as a cultural heritage and as an “educational experience” to be exposed as educators and to which the school itself should be exposed. Moving up from the Indire Archive studies on racial laws, the present proposal intends to investigate the relationship between school and fascism from a perspective that aims to grasp the elements of resistance and metamorphosis, by tracing the possible didactic implications of a digitized historical heritage. Nevertheless, the scarring of racial laws becomes an opportunity for reflection and transformation, where the archive offers itself as a chance to build narratives-bridge with the future. The sources, which the contribution proposes as a documentary apparatus, come from the Indire historical archive, from which the project documented by an exhibition with materials dating back to the National Educational Exhibition of 1925 was developed. The systematic analysis of school materials is presented here following the results of cataloging, returning markedly ideological elaborations in languages, as then reflected in the contents, of a pedagogy gradually eroded in its role of development in favor of indoctrination.
Percepção sobre a importância da formação profissional por treinadores de judô de elite
Authors: Tavares Junior Antonio Carlos , Drigo Alexandre Janotta
Published: July 2020

O estudo objetiva responder qual a importância, atribuída por treinadores de judô de elite, com relação a formação profissional para suas atuações.  Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, podendo ser classificado como estudos de casos múltiplos. Participaram 8 treinadores de judô, selecionados intencionalmente. Utilizou-se de uma entrevista, com dois momentos diferentes: uma parte estruturada e outra semiestruturada. A amostra foi composta de técnicos jovens (37,4±3,8 anos), mas que contam com resultados expressivos. Todos os treinadores participantes da pesquisa são graduados em Educação Física, sendo que 6 deles são pós-graduados (4 especialistas e 2 Mestres). Constatamos que, para essa população, a formação profissional foi primordial para a atuação como técnico desportivo.
As lutas na educação física escolar: um ensaio sobre os desafios para sua inserção
Authors: Harnisch Gabriela Simone , Walter Lizete Wasem , Guilherme Shayda Muniz de Oliveira , Silva Bruna Poliana , Lottermann Ana Laura Fischer , Borella Douglas Roberto
Published: July 2020

Trata-se de um ensaio que teve como objetivo discursar acerca dos desafios para a inserção do conteúdo lutas na Educação Física Escolar. As lutas, apesar de contempladas nos documentos norteadores da Educação Física Escolar, ainda carecem de maior atenção, tendo em vista que, muitos empecilhos ainda são elencados para a mesma ser desenvolvida nas escolas. Sendo assim, sugere-se que as lacunas evidenciadas quanto à formação de professores em relação às lutas e a disponibilidade de materiais e espaços sejam sanadas, bem como, que a relação das lutas com a violência seja cada vez menos presente perante a comunidade escolar. Espera-se que este estudo possa suscitar a comunidade acadêmica quanto ao assunto para que tal conteúdo seja desenvolvido, conforme previsto na literatura e nos principais documentos que regulamentam a Educação Física no Brasil.
Elaboração de planos de aulas para educação física: a percepção discente
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Carvalho Bittencourt de , Rocha Maria Teresa Sudário , Oliveira Emerson Cruz de
Published: July 2020

O plano de aula é extremamente importante para as atividades docentes, mas pouco se discute sobre os itens que o compõe, assim como os aspectos práticos de sua elaboração. O foco da discussão centrava-se em fundamentos teóricos que também são imprescindíveis, mas que já foram bem discutidos. A reflexão pode ser ampliada, discutindo itens importantes para o registro e a sistematização da produção de conhecimentos na área da Educação Física, por meio dos planos de aulas. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a percepção dos discentes iniciantes e concluintes de um curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física sobre a importância dos itens que compõem um plano de aula, bem como discutir esses itens considerando aspectos práticos da elaboração de um plano de aula. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, com uma amostra de 15 graduandos com possibilidade real de conclusão do curso (grupo concluintes) e 15 graduandos do primeiro e segundo períodos (grupo iniciantes), de ambos os sexos, que receberam uma lauda de papel pautado com a solicitação de montagem de um plano de aula com o conteúdo de sua escolha. Para análise dos planos de aula, os pesquisadores tinham à sua disposição uma lista de itens previamente elencados após estudo. Para análise estatística dos dados, utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5%. A “descrição das atividades” foi o único item que todos aos alunos perceberam como importante e apresentaram em seus planos. O segundo item mais lembrado foi a definição de objetivos para aula. O contraponto foi a não apresentação de sugestão de “referências bibliográficas” e “espaço para comentários e reflexões após a aula”. Muito ainda precisa ser discutido sobre os demais itens que compõem um plano de aula que não deveria se resumir a uma descrição das atividades propostas para aula.
Suplementação de creatina e treinamento de força em idosos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Karina Alves , Lopes Juliana , Pazzetto Neryano , Codonhato Renan
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi conduzir uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a efetividade da suplementação com creatina associada ao treinamento com pesos na composição corporal de idosos. A busca pelos estudos ocorreu em oito base de dados. São elas: pubmed, cochrane, sciencedirect, scopus, sportdiscus, web of science, bireme e scielo. como critérios de seleção adotaram-se: a) pesquisas realizadas com idosos (homens ou mulheres, com mais de 60 anos de idade); b) estudos que aplicassem a suplementação com creatina; c) intervenção a partir de programas de treinamento com pesos; d) estudos que analisassem os  resultados sobre a composição corporal. Um total de 09 estudos foram avaliados e reportados em duas seções: características metodológicas e efeitos das intervenções nas variáveis de interesse. Para análise de dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os estudos analisados evidenciaram uma potencialização nos resultados obtidos sobre a composição corporal dos idosos quando havia a combinação entre o treinamento com pesos e suplementação com creatina.
PENGARUH ANATOMI STRUKTUR PENDUKUNG GIGI TIRUAN PENUH RAHANG BAWAH TERHADAP RETENSI DAN STABILISASI
Authors: Heidira Amira Putri
Published: July 2020

Complete edentulous is a condition which a person loses all of his or her natural teeth. The treatment is done by making a complete denture (CD). The parameter of successful treatment is dependent on its use. Patient’s ability to adapt to new CDs is often becomes the problem. If it’s not solved properly, it will impact the oral health and quality of life of the patients, so post-treatment evaluation and control are important. One problem that is widely complained is the retention and stability of lower CD. According to previous studies, the patient's adaptation to CD is related to the condition of dentures, which is a combination of CD’s quality and characteristics of alveolar ridges, so the difference between dentist's evaluation of CD’s quality and patient's subjective assessment could happen due to improper clinical assessment of denture-bearing area, which consists of anatomy of supporting and limiting structures. However, other researches suggest alveolar ridges don’t affect patient acceptance of CDs, so studies in this area are still considered equivocal. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of anatomy of lower complete denture supporting structures on retention and stability. This study is a descriptive analytic research with clinical examination of lower denture and oral cavity. Total of samples are 30 CD patients those fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result of this study based on the Fisher Exact Test showed a significant influence between the anatomy of lower complete denture supporting structures on retention and stability.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK TENTANG KEPATUHAN MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS DI RUANG HEMODIALISA RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN TAHUN 2019
Authors: Simatupang Doni sorta
Published: July 2020

Menurut Brunner & Suddarth 2001, gagal ginjal kronis atau penyakit renal tahap akhir (ESRD) merupakan gangguan fungsi renal yang progresif dan irrevesible dimana kemampuan tubuh gagal mempertahankan metabolisme dan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit, yang menyebabkan uremia.

Tujuan penelitian mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan pasien gagal ginjal kronis tentang kepatuhan menjalani hemodialisis di ruang hemodialisa RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Metode Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling, dengan 40 responden

Hasil penelitian responden mayoritas usia 46-65 thn 60%, pengetahuan baik 30%. Pekerjaan mayoritas wiraswasta 42,5%, pendidikan mayoritas SMA 35% dan mayoritas berpengetahuan baik pada pendidikan Sarjana sebanyak 4 responden (33,3%), berdasarkan pekerjaan mayoritas responden berpengetahuan baik pekerja wiraswasta sebanyak 9 responden (41,7%), berdasarkan Umur berpengetahuan baik dengan umur 46-65 tahun sebanyak 9 responden (75,0%).

Kata kunci: Pasien GGK, Kepatuhan, Hemodialisa

Daftar Pustaka : 24 Bacaan (2000 – 2018)
Factors Related toThe Incidence of Nutritional Deficiencies in Children Under Five
Authors: Siregar Siti Gabena
Published: July 2020

Kasus kekurangan gizi untuk balita dapat disebabkan oleh kemiskinan, persediaan makanan, sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk, kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang nutrisi, daerah dengan kekurangan iodium dan penyakit menular. Hasil penimbangan di posyandu Desa Sekip, Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, menunjukkan bahwa dari 1.712 anak di bawah lima tahun dengan cakupan berat 1.404 anak di bawah lima tahun (82%), 1.372 di antaranya ( 80,1%) memiliki gizi yang baik, 339 di antaranya (19,8%) memiliki kekurangan gizi, dan 1 di antaranya (0,06%) memiliki kekurangan gizi.. Berdasarkan hal ini, perlu dilakukan analisis hubungan antara karakteristik dan faktor pengasuhan dengan jumlah gizi buruk pada anak-anak di daerah tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu dengan balita sebanyak 1.712 orang dan sampel total 100 orang. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Metode analisis data dengan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji statistik chi square pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara karakteristik ibu pendidikan, pendapatan, pengetahuan, dan faktor pengasuhan tentang praktik pemberian makan dan praktik kesehatan dengan kejadian gizi buruk pada balita. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa balita yang mengalami kekurangan gizi disebabkan oleh pendidikan, pendapatan dan pengetahuan yang rendah serta pola makan dan pola kesehatan yang buruk.
KOMBINASI AUDIOVISUAL DAN PENYULUHAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DALAM PENCEGAHAN FILARIASIS
Authors: Tambunan Jansen Parlaungan , Mobalen Oktovina
Published: July 2020

Filariasis patient in West Papua province showed increased numbers from year to year. At the 12 districts/cities in West Papua, South Sorong as the highest areas with the Filariasis, followed by Monokwari, Wondama Bay, Maybrat, Sorong, Fak-Fak, Monokwari South, Tambrauw, Kaimana, Sorong, Bintuni Bay, and Raja Ampat. This is due local community do not have sufficient knowledge for the prevention of the Filariasis because lack of information about the Filariasis disease, negative attitude of the head family and behavior of the people who do not care for the prevention of Filariasis, lack attention againts the environment, and the different individual characteristics in several places.

This type of research is semi-experimental study (Quasi Experiment) with Non Randomized Control group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study is Mariat community health centers in the region of the District Mariat numbered 30 people. The collected data is processed and analyzed using SPSS.

The results showed there are differences in knowledge after use audiovisual combination with counseling in the prevention of Filariasis in Sorong district community. Value of p (t test) knowledge = 0.027<0.05. Percentage to increased knowledge in the prevention of Filariasis in the health centers Mariat Sorong is 0.5482 = 0.300 (30.03%). This means that 30.03% have increase knowledge in the prevention of Filariasis in the region Sorong Mariat health centers affected by the audiovisual combination and counseling.

Suggested can be used by the clinic in order to improve the counseling applicable in the prevention of Filariasis as well as the behavior of the community itself that is based on knowledge. Awareness and a positive attitude in the prevention of Filariasis. And for further researchcan focus on research related to the development of vector and demographic differences in the spread of Filariasis cases.
Splash dams in the Krkonoše Mts: from the history to their possible use
Authors: Šádková Eva , Janský Bohumír
Published: July 2020

This paper summarizes findings from historical sources and literature dealing with the small water reservoirs (splash dams) in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. Based on old maps and historical records in archives and regional museums, this study describes the original causes and period of origin of the splash dams, and deals with their function and their location in the field. Additionally, this paper focuses on the mechanism of log driving in this area to fully understand the entire organized procedure. Up to twenty-four splash dams, built in the Krkonoše Mts mainly in the second half of the sixteenth century, were traced in historical records. At the end, there were given examples of some localities in relation to the possible idea of the restoration of some former small water reservoirs with an effort to gradually increase water retention capacity, and reduce runoff variability in headstream areas.
The Almost Intersection Property for Pairs of Matroids on Common Groundset
Authors: Bowler Nathan , Carmesin Johannes , Wojciechowski Jerzy , Ghaderi Shadisadat
Published: July 2020

We introduce the Almost Intersection Property for pairs of possibly infinite matroids on the same groundset. We prove that if such a pair satisfies the Almost Intersection Property then it satisfies the Matroid Intersection Conjecture of Nash-Williams. We also present some corollaries of that result.
A Note on the Poljak-Rödl Function
Authors: Zhu Xuding
Published: July 2020

The Poljak-Rödl function is defined as $f(n) = \min\{\chi(G \times H): \chi(G)=\chi(H)=n\}$. This note proves that $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{f(n)}{n} \le \frac 12$.
PERANAN BIAYA DISTRIBUSI DAN BIAYA PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP PENJUALAN PADA TOKO ERA KERAMIKA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Salim Edy , Lie Darwin , Butarbutar Marisi , Julyanthry Julyanthry
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine and analyze 1. The Description of distribution costs, personal selling costs, and sales at Keramika Pematangsiantar Era Store. 2. The role of distribution cost and personal selling costs on sales the Pematangsiantar Era Keramika Store both simultaneously and partially.Based on the results of the analysis through the trend formlula for 1. Distribution cost, it can be interpreted that the distribution cost are interpreted that the distribution costs are positively proportional to sales, where when X is raised one unit is predicted to increase sales. The trend for 2. Personal selling costs, it means that the costs of personal selling is positively proportional to sales, where when X is raised one unit is predicted to increase sales. 3. Sales trend, it means that sales experience a monthly increase of 197.368,42. Based on the results of the analysis and evaluation of distribution cost and personal selling cost, it has a role in increasing sales at Keramika Pematangsiantar Era Store.  Keyword: Distribution Cost, Personal Selling Cost, and Sales
PENGARUH KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL DAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Riesvi Aufiar , Lie Darwin , Efendi Efendi , Sherly Sherly
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : 1. Untuk mengetahui gambaran kecerdasan spiritual, kecerdasan emosional, dan kinerja pegawai pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Pematangsiantar. 2. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Pematangsiantar baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : 1. Kecerdasan spiritual, kecerdasan emosional dan kinerja pegawai sudah baik. 2. Kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pegawai. 3. Kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan positif dengan kinerja pegawai. Kemudian baik tidaknya kinerja pegawai dapat dijelaskan oleh kecerdasan spiritual  dan kecerdasan emosional. 4. Hasil uji hipotesis menyatakan H0 ditolak, artinya kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai baik secara simultan maupun parsial.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN UKURAN PERUSAHAN ANTARA PT TELKOMSEL TBK DAN PT XL AXIATA TBK
Authors: Nazar Ahlul , Huda Nurul
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar perbedaan yang signifikan ukuran perusahaan antara PT Telkomsel  Tbk dan PT XL Axiata Tbk. Penelitian komparatif, populasi penelitian ini adalah data laporan keuangan PT TERKOMSEL TBK selama 22 tahun dari tahun 1997-2018 dan PT XL AXIATA TBK yaitu selama 18 tahun dari tahun 1999-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Sampel penelitian ini selama 5 tahun dari 2014-2018 terdaftar di bursa saham. Jenis data penelitian kuantitatif dengan sumber data sekunder. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas data dan independent sample t-test. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel Ukuran Perusahan pada PT Telkomsel  Tbk dan PT XL Axiata Tbk. berdasarkan nilai Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,010 sehingga nilai signifikan 0,000 > 0, 05, maka Ha ditolak dan H0 diterima yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara Ukuran Perusahaanpada PT Telkomsel  Tbk dan PT XL Axiata Tbk.AbstractThis study aims to find out how big a significant difference in company size between PT Telkomsel Tbk and PT XL Axiata Tbk. Comparative research, the population of this study is the data of PT TERKOMSEL TBK's financial statements for 22 years from 1997-2018 and PT XL AXIATA TBK for 18 years from 1999-2018. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling. This research sample for 5 years from 2014-2018 was listed on the stock exchange. Types of quantitative research data with secondary data sources. The data analysis technique uses normality test data and independent sample t-test. The analysis shows that the Company Size variable at PT Telkomsel Tbk and PT XL Axiata Tbk. based on the Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.010 so that a significant value of 0,000> 0, 05, Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted stating that there is no significant difference between Company Size at PT Telkomsel Tbk and PT XL Axiata Tbk.
Experiencia de Metodología CBL en Robótica Educativa Universitaria
Authors: Muñoz Morgado Luis Miguel
Published: July 2020

La diversidad de disciplinas que engloba la robótica en el ámbito universitario conlleva un esfuerzo particular para profesores y alumnos. Esto puede provocar deficiencias en la adquisición de los fundamentos y una desvinculación entre parte teórica y práctica. Se busca la implicación del alumno en el desarrollo de una aplicación práctica donde los fundamentos sean una herramienta necesaria. En este trabajo se introduce la metodología basada en retos asociada a la Robotica universitaria, analizando el impacto sobre los resultados, así como la aceptación y la percepción recibida por los estudiantes. Los resultados del estudio nos muestra una mejora en la implicación profunda del alumnado, tanto en los conceptos teóricos, como en su aplicación práctica, así como una mayor motivación para enfocar la asignatura y mantener la asistencia hasta el final.
PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE
Authors: Ridwan Hardiyanti , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserat didik pada mata pelajaran ekonomi melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X IIS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai yang berjumlah 34 orang peserta didik dari 12 laki-laki dan 22 perempuan. Prosedur penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus dilaksanakan 3 kali pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi atau arsip. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik dapat meningkat melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share bagi peserta didik kelas X IIS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai. Hal ini dapat dinyatakan berdasarkan peroleh nilai hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus I dan siklus II melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.
LARVAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE WATER MITE PIONA NODATELLA TUZOVSKIJ, 2015 (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA, PIONIDAE)
Authors: Tuzovskij Petr V.
Published: July 2020

This paper gves the first description of larva of of the water mite Piona nodatella Tuzovskij, 2015 (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Pionidae).
Del control de las redes al reto de los contenidos: Televisa ante el nuevo proyecto de televisión hispana en Estados Unidos
Authors: Meyer Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: July 2020

Se presenta un análisis sobre la televisión hispana estadounidense y la forma como los diferentes actores se adaptan a las cambiantes condiciones de mercado. Se aborda la importancia creciente de Univisión en la industria comunicativa global y las consecuencias de su reestructuración en el proyecto de expansión de Televisa en Estados Unidos, quien no sustentará más su participación en la propiedad de la red, sino en su capacidad para suministrar contenidos que satisfagan las necesidades de públicos y mercados con diferentes componentes sociales y culturales.
USING SKELETONS OF URBAN SHAPE TO MODEL SOCIAL CAPITAL IN LITHUNANIA
Authors: Ivaškevičius Marius
Published: July 2020

How and to what extent does the environment affect people’s behavior? This study focuses on a narrow and specialized statistical indicator describing human sociability – social capital, and an easily replicable method of researching the urban environment – the skeleton analysis of the urban form. Social capital is a growing in popularity and important statistical indicator which describes social environment of the place. Shape skeleton analysis allow us to model how a person perceives shapes. In this study, social capital is measured by the Putnam methodology adapted to Lithuania, and the shape skeleton methodology of the urban form is adapted based on psychological research. Artificial intelligence methods using data from urban form generated prediction which had statistically weak relationship with social capital.
Signatures of Intermittency and Fine-scale Turbulence in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Fraternale Federico , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Burlaga Leonard F.
Published: July 2020

This study presents the first Voyager 1 (V1) observation of magnetic turbulence intermittency and fine-scale structures associated with the propagation of a shock wave in the outer heliosheath. The intermittent event starts on DOY 178 in 2014 upstream of the shock wave that overtook V1 on DOY 237 at 140 au from the Sun. The distribution of magnetic field increments follows the q-Gaussian distribution with the index q ≈ 1.57 for the maximum variance component. Evidence is provided of fine-scale structures well below the Coulomb collisional scale. They undergo a turbulent cascade at scales less than 10−3 au. Observed magnetohydrodynamic fluctuations show signatures of irregular filamentary structures, sawtooth-like waveforms of mixed compressible/transverse nature, which evolve into shocklets and current sheets. Observational data challenges the interpretation of the interstellar plasma in the outer heliosheath as a featureless medium at scales below the collisional mean free path of about 1 au. These results are of importance for better understanding of turbulent processes in the outer heliosheath, including magnetic reconnection, shock-turbulence interaction, Galactic cosmic-ray transport, plasma wave generation, and radio emission.
The Nearest Discovered Black Hole Is Likely Not in a Triple Configuration
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Toonen Silvia , Loeb Abraham
Published: July 2020

HR 6819 was recently claimed to be a hierarchical triple system of a Be star in a wide orbit around an inner binary system of a black hole (BH) and a B III type star. We argue that this system is unlikely to be a hierarchical triple for three reasons. (i) Given that this system is discovered in a magnitude-limited Bright Star Catalog, the expected number of such systems in the Milky Way (MW) amounts to about 104, while the estimate for the MW budget for such systems is between 102 and 103 systems under generous assumptions. Such a large gap cannot be reconciled as it would otherwise likely overflow the MW budget for BHs. (ii) The dynamical stability of this system sets lower bounds on the orbital separation of the outer Be star, while it not being resolved by Gaia places an upper limit on its projected sky separation. We show that these two constraints would imply a narrow range for the outer orbit without resorting to geometrical fine-tuning. (iii) The triple system should have survived the stellar evolution prior to the formation of the BH in the inner binary. We perform numerical simulations starting with conservative initial conditions of this system and show that a small parameter space for BH progenitor star’s mass loss, BH natal kicks, and initial orbital separation can reproduce HR 6819. Therefore, we propose this system is a chance superposition of a Be star with a binary.
Detection of Periodicity in SiO Maser Intensity and Velocity Shift of the Symbiotic Star CH Cyg
Authors: Cho Se-Hyung , Yang Haneul , Yun Youngjoo , Yoon Dong-Hwan , Kim Jaeheon , Kim Dong-Jin
Published: July 2020

We performed simultaneous monitoring observations of H2O 616–523 and SiO v = 1, 2,

0, SiO v = 1,

1,

maser lines toward the symbiotic star CH Cyg from 2012 December to 2019 November using the Korean very long baseline interferometry Network single-dish telescope. SiO v = 1, 2,

and v = 1,

maser lines were detected for the first time. A periodicity of about 2.5 yr in the SiO maser intensity was found, showing its association with the pulsation of the M giant in CH Cyg. Only the SiO v = 2,

maser, without detections of the v = 1,

maser, was detected in 6 epochs out of 15 v = 2, J = 1–0 maser detected epochs. In addition, the SiO v = 1,

maser intensity was always stronger than that of the v = 1,

maser except for one epoch, providing a critical constraint on the different masing conditions by different transitions, according to changes of the CH Cyg symbiotic system. We also found the gradual redshifted peak velocities of the SiO masers had about a 2.5 yr periodicity corresponding to the period of peak intensities (redshifted up to about

with respect to the stellar velocity of the M giant). Two possible explanations can be suggested for the 2.5 yr period of the SiO maser intensity and velocity behaviors, although their actual causes remain uncertain.
Elemental Abundance Consequence of Adding Two Bulk Earths to the Solar Convection Zone
Authors: Cowley Charles R. , Bord Donald J. , Yüce Kutluay
Published: July 2020

We calculate the abundance change if two bulk earths were added to the solar convection zone, which is assumed to be 5 × 1031 gm or 0.025 M
⊙. The resulting differential abundance plot resembles those found in stellar precision differential abundance studies.
Two new species of Perenniporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Wang Chao-Ge , Liu Shi-Liang , Wu Fang
Published: July 2020

Two new species of Perenniporia, P. pseudotephroporasp. nov. and P. subcorticolasp. nov., are introduced respectively from Brazil and China based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Perenniporia pseudotephropora is characterised by perennial, pileate basidiocarps with distinctly stratified tubes, grey pores, tissues becoming dark in KOH, a dimitic hyphal system with slightly dextrinoid arboriform skeletal hyphae and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, truncate, weakly dextrinoid, cyanophilous basidiospores, measuring 4.9–5.2 × 4–4.8 μm. Perenniporia subcorticola is characterised by resupinate basidiocarps, yellow pores with thick dissepiments, tissues becoming dark in KOH, flexuous skeletal hyphae, ellipsoid, truncate and slightly dextrinoid basidiospores, measuring 4.2–5 × 3.5–4.2 µm. The morphologically-similar species and phylogenetically closely-related species to the two new species are discussed.
Fragmentation mondiale de la production et différenciation de la demande dans un MEGC : proposition méthodologique
Authors: Croissant Yves , Garabedian Sabine , Mehoumoud Issop Zoulfikar , Hermet François
Published: July 2020

Dans un contexte de production mondiale fragmentée, une stratégie de développement consiste à se spécialiser dans la production d’un maillon spécifique de la chaîne de valeur. Or, la modélisation de cette stratégie, dans le cadre d’un modèle d’équilibre général calculable, nécessite une distinction de l’usage des biens, ce qui est rarement réalisé. Nous proposons une méthodologie qui permet cette distinction de la demande afin d’analyser les effets d’une réforme d’une politique fiscale spécifique des départements d’outre-mer, l’octroi de mer, pour La Réunion.
Ramus : un état des lieux depuis 2000
Authors: Couzinet Dominique
Published: July 2020

L’article propose un bref état des lieux des études consacrées à Pierre de La Ramée, dit Ramus (1515-1572) et au ramisme depuis 2000, date du dernier bilan établi par Peter Sharratt (1939-2014), à qui le colloque rend hommage. Il est suivi d’une bibliographie (2005-2018), partagée presque également entre les études portant sur Ramus et celles consacrées à sa réception et à la diffusion internationale du ramisme. Les trois champs de recherche identifiés par Sharratt entre 1987 et 2000 (le débat sur l’« humanisme » de Ramus, la définition du « ramisme » et la mise en évidence du contexte social et politique) ont confirmé leur fécondité, et l’on observe un renouvellement de la recherche sur les combats et controverses, et sur les rapport de Ramus avec les sciences, le droit et la politique.
Increasing Participation of International Students in the Higher Education Classrooms Through Technology-Enhanced Instruction
Authors: Park Hyunsil , Filback Robert A. , Crawford Jenifer
Published: July 2020

This research-based chapter explores East Asian international graduate students' challenges in the U.S. higher education environment and identifies how technology-enhanced instructional practices can increase their active participation in the classroom. The classroom-based intervention study was conducted in a Master of Arts program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) at a research university in the Western U.S. The participants were 56 students in this TESOL program. The three types of technology (Padlet, Plickers, and Poll Everywhere) were selected based on criteria including ease of implementation and positive influences on students' participation and learning in class. The data were collected through a pre- and post-survey and three weeks of classroom observation. The resulting qualitative observational and survey data revealed consequences of the technology enhancements in instruction in terms of changes in students' active participation in class, insights produced into critical cultural understandings, and relationships to learning outcomes.
Elevated levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bladder cancer depending on a tumor stage
Authors: Dmytryk Viktor , Luhovska Tetiana , Yakovlev Pavel , Savchuk Olexiy , Ostapchenko Ludmila , Halenova Tetiana , Raksha Nataliia , Tomchuk Victor , Vovk Tetiana
Published: July 2020

Bladder Cancer (BC) is a common disease worldwide. Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms for the development of BC. This study enrolled 40 patients. Preoperative plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. In our study, we observed diverse changes in the levels of cytokines in patients with BC Stage I, II, III and IV. The levels of IL-1β was increased for stage I, stage II, and stage III. The level of TNF-α was increased for stage II, stage III, stage IV. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β were increased in patients with stage III and IV only. The levels of IFN- γ declined for stage II, stage III and stage IV with the lowest levels in patients with Stage IV. In our study, we investigated alteration in levels of Th-1 and Th-2-like cytokine profile, but some deficiency in Th1- status discovered in patients with BC.
L'INTERPRETAZIONE DEL MONDO ANTICO IN DE L'ORIGINE DES LOIX, DES ARTS, ET DES SCIENCES; ET DE LEURS PROGRÈS CHEZ LES ANCIENS PEUPLES (1758) DI ANTOINE-YVES GOGUET E LE FORME DELLA SUA RICEZIONE NEL SETTECENTO TEDESCO
Authors: Agazzi Elena
Published: July 2020

This essay presents the ways in which a crucial transition has been made the object of erudite reasoning. This transition concerns the passage from a vision of universal history based on chronological and historical calculation, as attested in Francesco Bianchini’s (1662-1729) Istoria Universale (1697), aimed at confirming the historical truth of the Holy Scriptures and reconstructing the events of humankind in a global time and space, towards a historical-philosophical analysis, focused on the progress and decline of civilizations, on the basis of their discoveries in various fields of knowledge. Herder, who thought of himself as one of the greatest innovators of eighteenth-century historiography, especially due to his Ideen (1784-1791), reflected on how to overcome the missing link between the reconstruction of sacred history and the profane history of ancient civilizations as well as on how to highlight the cultural achievements of different peoples. In the late 1760s, he envisaged a solution simultaneously developed by historian Johann Christoph Gatterer, thus inaugurating a genealogical method designed for the study of the past. Just like Gatterer, Herder criticized the systematic setup of J.J. Winckelmann’s Geschichte der Kunst des Althertums (1764), taking – as argued here – Antoine-Yves Goguet’s De l’origine des loix, des arts, et des sciences; et de leurs progrès chez les anciens peuples (1758) as his model. Within a few years, Goguet’s work was translated across Europe. Winckelmann certainly knew this work, but did not explicitly mention it for reasons of methodological convenience, since Goguet considered – among other things – the role of the Greeks in the ancient world to be overestimated.
LA PRIMA AMBASCIATA ETIOPICA IN OCCIDENTE (1315 CA.) SVELATA DA UN CRONISTA MILANESE
Authors: Chiesa Paolo
Published: July 2020

A passage from the unpublished Cronica universalis by the Milanese Dominican Galvano Fiamma (d. c. 1345) contains news about the expedition carried out in 1291 by two Genoese ships, which was intended to reach India by the Atlantic route. Until now, this expedition was known only from the Annales Ianuenses; according this text, the commanders of the expedition were the Vivaldi brothers, although in Galvano’s account the name of the admiral is Ubertus of Savignone. Galvano’s source is a lost libellus written by a Genoese priest, Giovanni da Carignano, who said he got information about the sailors’ fate from an embassy that came from Ethiopia around 1315: the ambassadors told that the Genoese had arrived in their land, but had given up returning home because of the difficulties of the journey. Galvano’s new witness anticipates by a century the first known contacts between Ethiopia and Western Europe in the middle ages.