bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV-phyloTSI: Subtype-independent estimation of time since HIV-1 infection for cross-sectional measures of population incidence using deep sequence data
Authors: Golubchik Tanya , Abeler-Dörner Lucie , Hall Matthew , Wymant Chris , Bonsall David , Macintyre-Cockett George , Thomson Laura , Baeten Jared M. , Celum Connie L , Galiwango Ronald M. , Kosloff Barry , Limbada Mohammed , Mujugira Andrew , Mugo Nelly R , Gall Astrid , Blanquart François , Bakker Margreet , Bezemer Daniela , Ong Swee Hoe , Albert Jan , Bannert Norbert , Fellay Jacques , Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer Barbara , Günthard Huldrych F. , Kivelä Pia , Kouyos Roger D. , Meyer Laurence , Porter Kholoud , van Sighem Ard , van der Valk Mark , Berkhout Ben , Kellam Paul , Cornelissen Marion , Reiss Peter , Ayles Helen , Burns David N. , Fidler Sarah , Grabowski Mary Kate , Hayes Richard , Herbeck Joshua T , Kagaayi Joseph , Kaleebu Pontiano , Lingappa Jairam R , Ssemwanga Deogratius , Eshleman Susan H , Cohen Myron S , Ratmann Oliver , Laeyendecker Oliver , Fraser Christophe ,   the BEEHIVE collaboration and the PANGEA consortium
Published: May 2022

Estimating the time since HIV infection (TSI) at population level is essential for tracking changes in the global HIV epidemic. Most methods for determining duration of infection classify samples into recent and non-recent and are unable to give more granular TSI estimates. These binary classifications have a limited recency time window of several months, therefore requiring large sample sizes, and cannot assess the cumulative impact of an intervention. We developed a Random Forest Regression model, HIV-phyloTSI, that combines measures of within-host diversity and divergence to generate TSI estimates from viral deep-sequencing data, with no need for additional variables. HIV-phyloTSI provides a continuous measure of TSI up to 9 years, with a mean absolute error of less than 12 months overall and less than 5 months for infections with a TSI of up to a year. It performed equally well for all major HIV subtypes based on data from African and European cohorts. We demonstrate how HIV-phyloTSI can be used for incidence estimates on a population level.
In situ cryo-electron tomography reveals the asymmetric architecture of mammalian sperm axonemes
Authors: Chen Zhen , Greenan Garrett A. , Shiozaki Momoko , Liu Yanxin , Skinner Will M. , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhao Shumei , Yan Rui , Guo Caiying , Yu Zhiheng , Lishko Polina V. , Agard David A. , Vale Ronald D.
Published: May 2022

The flagella of mammalian sperm display non-planar, asymmetric beating, in contrast to the planar, symmetric beating of flagella from sea urchin sperm and unicellular organisms. The molecular basis of this difference is unclear. Here, we perform in situ cryo-electron tomography of mouse and human sperm axonemes, providing the highest resolution structural information to date. Our subtomogram averages reveal mammalian sperm- specific protein complexes within the outer microtubule doublets, the radial spokes and nexin-dynein regulatory complexes. The locations and structures of these complexes suggest potential roles in enhancing the mechanical strength of mammalian sperm axonemes and regulating dynein-based axonemal bending. Intriguingly, we find that each of the nine outer microtubule doublets is decorated with a distinct combination of sperm- specific complexes. We propose that this asymmetric distribution of proteins differentially regulates the sliding of each microtubule doublet and may underlie the asymmetric beating of mammalian sperm.
local adaptation and host specificity to copepod intermediate hosts by the Schistocephalus solidus tapeworm
Authors: Shim Kum C. , Peterson Christopher , Bolnick Daniel I.
Published: May 2022

We investigated if there was local adaptation and host specify in the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus to its copepod first intermediate hosts. The tapeworm is locally adapted and host specific to its threespine stickleback second intermediate host. We exposed copepods from five lakes in Vancouver Island (BC, Canada) to local (i.e. same lake) and foreign tapeworms in a reciprocal exposure experiment. Results indicate that the tapeworm is not locally adapted to the copepods, but there was host specificity as a copepod genus was more parasitized than another genus.
Evidence of divergent selection in a parasite due to its host immunological respond
Authors: Shim Kum C. , Weber Jesse N. , den Haan Stijn , Bolnick Daniel I.
Published: May 2022

We investigated if an immunological response (i.e. fibrosis) in threespine stickleback fish can cause divergent selection in its tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. We pooled tapeworms from six populations in Vancouver Island (BC, Canada) and sequenced the whole genome of these pools. Then we used a modified Population Branch Statistics (PBS) technique based on FST comparisons to find loci under divergent selection due to fibrosis. We found at least eight loci under divergent selection in tapeworm populations caused by this strong immunological respond to infection from the fish.
Objective evaluation of clinical actionability for genes involved in myopathies: 63 genes with a medical value for patient care
Authors: Vecten M. , Pion E. , Bartoli M. , Juntas Morales R. , Sternberg D. , Rendu J. , Stojkovic T. , Acquaviva Bourdain C. , Métay C. , Richard I. , Cerino M. , Milh M. , Gorokhova S. , Levy N. , Latypova X. , Bonne G. , Biancalana V. , Petit F. , Molon A. , Perrin A. , Laforet P. , Attarian S. , Cossée M. , Krahn M.
Published: May 2022

The implementation of high-throughput diagnostic sequencing has led to the generation of large amounts of mutational data, making their interpretation more complex and responsible for long delays. It has been important to prioritize certain analyses, particularly those of “actionable” genes in diagnostic situations, involving specific treatment and/or management. In our project, we carried out an objective assessment of the clinical actionability of genes involved in myopathies, for which only few data obtained methodologically exist to date. Using the ClinGen Actionability criteria, we scored the clinical actionability of all 199 genes implicated in myopathies published by FILNEMUS for the “National French consensus on gene Lists for the diagnosis of myopathies using next generation sequencing”. We objectified that 63 myopathy genes were actionable with currently available data. Among the 36 myopathy genes with highest actionability scores, only 8 had been scored to date by ClinGen. The data obtained through these methodological tools are an important resource for strategic choices in diagnostic approaches and the management of genetic myopathies. The clinical actionability of genes has to be considered as an evolving concept, in relation to progresses in disease knowledge and therapeutic approaches.
cGAS/STING-DEPENDENT SENSING OF ENDOGENOUS RNA
Authors: Schumann Tina , Ramon Santiago Costas , Schubert Nadja , Mayo Mohamad Aref , Hega Melanie , Ada Servi-Remzi , Sydow Lukas , Hajikazemi Mona , Ge Yan , Badstübner Markus , Lienenklaus Stefan , Utess Barbara , Muhandes Lina , Haase Michael , Müller Luise , Schmitz Marc , Gramberg Thomas , Manel Nicolas , Zillinger Thomas , Bauer Stefan , Gerbaulet Alexander , Paeschke Katrin , Roers Axel , Behrendt Rayk
Published: May 2022

Defects in nucleic acid metabolizing enzymes lead to spontaneous but selective activation of either cGAS/STING or RIG-like receptor (RLR) signaling, causing a pathogenic type I interferon response and inflammatory diseases. In these pathophysiological conditions, cGAS-driven IFN production is linked to spontaneous DNA damage. Physiological, or tonic, IFN signaling on the other hand is essential to functionally prime nucleic acid sensing pathways. Here we show that low-level chronic DNA damage in mice lacking the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome gene SAMHD1 reduced tumor-free survival when crossed to a p53-deficient, but not to DNA mismatch repair-deficient background. Increased DNA damage did not result in higher levels of type I interferon. Instead, we found that the chronic interferon response in SAMHD1-deficient mice was driven by the MDA5/MAVS pathway but required functional priming through the cGAS/STING pathway. Our work positions cGAS/STING upstream of tonic IFN signaling and highlights an important role of the pathway in physiological and pathophysiological innate immune priming.

Loss of the dNTPase and DNA repair enzyme SAMHD1 is associated with cancer and causes systemic autoimmunity. We show transformation-promoting spontaneous DNA damage and MDA5-driven but cGAS/STING-dependent chronic type I interferon production in SAMHD1-deficient mice.
Functional evolution of SARS-COV-2 Spike protein: adaptation on translation and infection via surface charge of spike protein
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Zhang Gong
Published: May 2022

The SARS-COV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19, is rapidly accumulating mutations to adapt to the hosts. We collected SARS-COV-2 sequence data from the end of 2019 to April 2022 to analyze for their evolutionary features during the pandemic. We found that most of the SARS-COV-2 genes are undergoing negative purifying selection, while the spike protein gene (S-gene) is undergoing rapid positive selection. From the original strain to the alpha, delta and omicron variant types, the Ka/Ks of the S-gene increases, while the Ka/Ks within one variant type decreases over time. During the evolution, the codon usage did not evolve towards optimal translation and protein expression. In contrast, only S-gene mutations showed a remarkable trend on accumulating more positive charges. This facilitates the infection via binding human ACE2 for cell entry and binding furin for cleavage. Such a functional evolution emphasizes the survival strategy of SARS-COV-2, and indicated new druggable target to contain the viral infection. The nearly fully positively-charged interaction surfaces indicated that the infectivity of SARS-COV-2 virus may approach a limit.
Lung macrophages utilize unique cathepsin K-dependent phagosomal machinery to degrade intracellular collagen
Authors: Fabrik Ivo , Bilkei-Gorzo Orsolya , Fabrikova Daniela , Öberg Maria , Fuchs Johannes , Sihlbom Carina , Göransson Melker , Härtlova Anetta
Published: May 2022

Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) are organ-specialized phagocytes responsible for the maintenance and protection of tissue homeostasis. It is well established that tissue diversity is reflected by the heterogeneity of RTMs origin and phenotype. However, much less is known about tissue-specific phagocytic and proteolytic macrophage functions. Here, using quantitative proteomics approach, we identify cathepsins as key determinants of phagosome maturation in primary peritoneal, lung and brain resident macrophages. The data further uncover cathepsin K (CtsK) as a molecular marker for lung phagosomes required for intracellular protein and collagen degradation. Pharmacological blockade of CtsK activity diminished phagosomal proteolysis and collagenolysis in lung resident macrophages. Furthermore, pro-fibrotic TGF-β negatively regulated CtsK-mediated phagosomal collagen degradation independently from classical endocytic proteolytic pathways. In humans, phagosomal CtsK activity was reduced in COPD lung macrophages and non-COPD lung macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive map of how peritoneal, lung and brain tissue environment shapes phagosomal composition, revealing CtsK as a key molecular determinant of lung phagosomes contributing to phagocytic collagen clearance in lungs.
Information integration for nutritional decision-making in desert locusts
Authors: Günzel Yannick , Oberhauser Felix B. , Couzin-Fuchs Einat
Published: May 2022

1

Swarms of the migratory desert locust can extend over several hundred square kilometres, and starvation compels this ancient pest to devour everything in its path. Theory suggests that gregarious behaviour benefits foraging efficiency over a wide range of spatial food distributions. However, despite the importance of identifying the processes by which swarms locate and select feeding sites to predict their progression, the role of social cohesion during foraging remains elusive. We investigated the evidence accumulation and information integration processes that underlie locusts’ nutritional decision-making by employing a Bayesian formalism on high-resolution tracking data from foraging locusts. We tested individual gregarious animals and groups of different sizes in a 2-choice behavioural assay in which food patch qualities were either different or similar. We then predicted the decisions of individual locusts based on personally acquired and socially derived evidence by disentangling the relative contributions of each information class. Our study suggests that locusts balance incongruent evidence but reinforce congruent ones, resulting in more confident assessments when evidence aligns. We provide new insights into the interplay between personal experience and social context in locust foraging decisions which constitute a powerful empirical system to study local individual decisions and their consequent collective dynamics.
nnSVG for the scalable identification of spatially variable genes using nearest-neighbor Gaussian processes
Authors: Weber Lukas M. , Saha Arkajyoti , Datta Abhirup , Hansen Kasper D. , Hicks Stephanie C.
Published: May 2022

Feature selection to identify spatially variable genes or other biologically informative genes is a key step during analyses of spatially-resolved transcriptomics data. Here, we propose nnSVG, a scalable approach to identify spatially variable genes based on nearest-neighbor Gaussian processes. Our method (i) identifies genes that vary in expression continuously across the entire tissue or withina prioridefined spatial domains, (ii) uses gene-specific estimates of length scale parameters within the Gaussian process models, and (iii) scales linearly with the number of spatial locations. We demonstrate the performance of our method using experimental data from several technological platforms and simulations. A software implementation is available athttps://bioconductor.org/packages/nnSVG.
Understanding the perception of edible insects
Authors: Cunha Christiano França da , Silva Maurilio Barbosa de Oliveira da , Cheung Thelma Lucchese
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Edible insects are increasingly recognized as great food resources of the future. Entomophagy, the practice of eating insects, has a predicted market by 2030 of nearly $8 billion. But this market could grow even more with the acceptance of insects as food by Western consumers, as an alternative to conventional protein sources. In this context, the authors aim to collect and analyze information about consumers' perception of insects as food in Brazil, through the word association task.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 751 participants agreed to complete the word association task in relation to entomophagy through an online questionnaire. They had to write down the first five words or terms that came to their minds when they thought of eating insects.

Findings

Individual mentions were categorized according to their similarities and/or proximity. Based on this grouping the authors identified six dimensions, with emphasis on “hedonic attitudes and feelings”, “cultural aspects” and “exotic”. The study concludes that Brazilians see insect consumption as belonging to another culture, not Western.

Originality/value

Few studies have explored the association of words in relation to entomophagy, especially in Brazil. This article aims to fill this gap, using this methodology applied to the Brazilian public.
Transformational leadership, job performance, self-efficacy, and leader support: testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Sürücü Lütfi , Maslakçi Ahmet , Sesen Harun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This article aims to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance on the basis of social exchange theory and perceived organizational support theory. The article also attempts to examine the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderated mediation role of leader support in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

In this article, a self-report survey was collected from 524 employees and Process Macro to SPSS-23 was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The article found that transformational leadership has a positive effect on job performance and that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in this relationship. The article also determined that leader support has a moderated mediation role on the effect of transformational leadership on job performance through self-efficacy.

Originality/value

The research findings broaden the existing literature on transformational leadership and job performance by proposing an alternative model of how and under what conditions transformational leadership can affect job performance, and enrich the understanding of the conditions in which transformational leadership affects job performance. Although previous research provides a theoretical framework that connects the variables included in the research, there is no study in the literature that empirically confirms the proposed model. Thus, the authors' research is a pioneering attempt to test that relationship.
CEO facial trustworthiness and corporate governance
Authors: Bi Wenjie , Wang Yujie , Xiang Yi , Zhang Feida
Published: May 2022

Purpose

In this paper the authors aim to argue that the existence of a strong corporate governance mechanism (a formal credibility-enhancing mechanism) and the presence of a more trustworthy-looking CEO (an informal credibility-enhancing mechanism) are substitutes.

Design/methodology/approach

By using machine-learning-based facial-feature-point detection technique, the authors construct a proprietary facial-trustworthiness database for a large-scale of CEOs in the US listed companies. First, the authors manually search for qualifying CEO image from websites and annual reports. Second, by following the neuroscience and psychology literature, the authors use the machine-learning-based face detector to identify the facial features in the CEO photos to calculate a rich and reliable set of facial-trustworthiness measures. The authors then construct a composite facial-trustworthiness index for each CEO. After obtaining accounting data, the authors’ final sample comprises 16,201 firm-year observations for 3,186 CEOs in the sample period of 2000-2018.

Findings

The results of the authors’ regression analyses show a negative association between board monitoring intensity and CEOs' facial trustworthiness, indicating that board directors may factor CEOs' facial trustworthiness into their monitoring decisions. Moreover, the authors find that these results are mainly driven by CEOs whose tenure is below the third quartile (i.e. eight years). The authors further find stronger results for externally hired CEOs than internally promoted CEOs. Finally, the authors’ results remain robust when using change models or subsample of CEO photos in recent years.

Originality/value

First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that adopts a large sample to provide systematic evidence on the directors' use of facial trustworthiness. This study extends the literature by documenting the impacts of CEOs' individual characteristics on the board monitoring intensity. Second, the results of this study emphasized the important role of perceptions based on executives' facial appearance in firm valuation, executive compensation and audit fee, and by presenting empirical evidence that CEOs' facial trustworthiness affects board monitoring intensity. Third, this study responds to the call for research on personalized trust by Hsiehet al.(2020).
Public procurement as an attractive customer: a supplier perspective
Authors: Karttunen Elina , Matela Mika , Hallikas Jukka , Immonen Mika
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Buyer–supplier relationships in public procurement have garnered increasing attention in research, yet studies on the perspective of suppliers on public procurement have remained limited. This research takes the perspective of suppliers and aims to investigate the innovativeness of suppliers and the impact of supply chain ambidexterity strategies on their perceptions about public procurement in terms of innovation enablers and customer attractiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This research draws from a survey of 137 suppliers to the public sector in Finland and applies PLS-path modeling to test its hypotheses.

Findings

The findings reveal that the ambidexterity strategy of suppliers in the supply chain influences how they perceive the innovation enablers and customer attractiveness of public organizations since processes of public procurement do not support these strategies fully. Supplier innovativeness has an influence on the perceived innovation enablers of public procurement, which, in turn, influences customer attractiveness.

Practical implications

The innovativeness and strategies of suppliers for the supply chain have an impact on how attractive they perceive public procurement. The findings of this research provide insights on why the customer attractiveness of public procurement may not be high enough to secure the competition in their bidding processes.

Originality/value

The study’s contribution adds to the field of buyer–supplier relationships and customer attractiveness in public procurement by showing the importance of innovation enablers and highlighting the impact of supplier's ambidexterity in the supply chain on their perceptions about public procurement.
The impact of research and development expenditure on firm performance and firm value: evidence from a South Asian emerging economy
Authors: Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Howlader Md. Shuvo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditure on firm performance and firm value in an emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, firm performance is examined by firm financial performance (return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE)) and market performance (Tobin's Q (TBQ)). This study conducted a multivariate analysis on the sampled data using pooled ordinary least square (OLS) regression method. In addition, both the level and lagged models have been used to test hypothesis in order to get the results.

Findings

All the empirical results from different models found significant and positive association of R&D expenditure with firm performance and firm value. The study also validates that all results are robust and free from outliers and multicollinearity issues.

Research limitations/implications

Most of the studies regarding the R&D expenditure and its impact were conducted on developed countries addressing only firm performance. Whereby, this study examined the impact of R&D expenditure on both firm's financial performance and market performance as well as firm value in the context of an emerging economy.

Practical implications

The outcomes of the study will enable the entrepreneurs, managers, investors and policymakers with more confidence to invest in R&D expenditure that will also ensure the organizational sustainability in the long run.

Originality/value

Most of the prior studies regarding the R&D expenditure and its impact were conducted on developed countries addressing only firm performance. Herein, both firm's financial performance and market performance along with firm value have been analyzed in the context of an emerging economy. This paper is unique empirical research study due to different institutional and regulatory setting as well as corporate characteristics. This study strongly advocates the organizational learning theory, agency theory and resource-based view theory of firms' allocation of funds for future growth and innovation.
Teaching sustainable development: an approach to rapidly introducing the UN sustainable development goals into an undergraduate business curriculum
Authors: Collier Elizabeth , Odell Kathleen E. , Rosenbloom Alfred
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine whether an undergraduate business program that rapidly introduced sustainable development into its curriculum, without an overall curriculum revision, was effective in terms of student engagement with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and what factors were most important for deepening student interest.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a pre-test/post-test design at one academic institution, in several different core courses, offered multiple times over three years, to assess the effectiveness of the curriculum approach taken.

Findings

Including a significant, SDG-focused assignment in an existing business course increased student learning about the SDGs, student curiosity about the SDGs and students’ feelings of competence to advance the SDGs after graduation. Having a faculty member who can make a strong business case for the SDGs increased student commitment to the goals. These positive outcomes were consistent across business school majors and were not specific to particular courses or faculty.

Research limitations/implications

Data in this study were collected at the course level and did not contain information to identify unique students across the pre- and post-tests. Given the long timeline for curriculum change at the institutional level, these findings provide a way forward for business schools and business school faculty who desire to react quickly to bring these topics into management education.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use survey data collected over multiple semesters to test whether course-level interventions increase student engagement and interest in the SDGs.
From texts to contexts: the relevance of digital ethnography in a Foucauldian discourse analysis of online gender talk in Kerala
Authors: Varghese Daigy , Ranganathan Shubha
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to foreground the importance of context in discourse analysis by drawing on a study of online gender talk on Facebook in India.

Design/methodology/approach

Using Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA), this study explored participants’ use of language to construct and perform various identities in online gender talk. This study discusses the methods used and challenges in analyzing digital spaces through FDA, focusing specifically on the importance of an ethnographic perspective to contextualize online talk.

Findings

Engagement with the larger socio-cultural context of the subject of study through various data collection methods enhanced our understanding of the contexts behind text. It helped the authors to explore the data from multiple directions from a Foucauldian framework. This study found that people constructed a “progressive” identity when talking about gender on Facebook.

Originality/value

There are very few studies combining discourse analysis and digital ethnography and this paper seeks to do that. Digital ethnography helps to look beyond the text and locate text in the larger socio-cultural context. To emphasize the importance of context in discourse analysis, this study engages with both online and offline data as online talk is connected with offline contexts in many significant ways. In this paper, the authors provide a description on various methodological steps used to collect and analyze online data using FDA.
Public library use, demographic differences in library use and users' perceptions of library resources, services and place
Authors: Mushtaq Ayesha , Arshad Alia
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The study aimed to investigate public library users' most frequent and least frequent activities in the library and demographic differences in the use of public libraries. The study also explored library users' perceived importance of library resources, services and the value of the library as a place.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative research design and survey research method were used to achieve the objectives of the study. A multistage sampling technique was employed to approach the targeted population. At the first stage, ten functional libraries of Lahore were selected purposively. The targeted population was users of the ten public libraries of the Punjab, Lahore. At the second stage, convenience sampling was used to collect data from public library users. The instrument of the research study was the questionnaire and it was developed with the help of the literature and administrated personally. The questionnaire was distributed to 384 public library users of the Lahore district and 301 questionnaires were returned out of 384.

Findings

The results of the study showed that library users frequently visited the library for reading personal books and examination preparation; however, they never or rarely used e-databases, photocopy and printer services, computer stations, the internet, library catalog and socialization with friends. Significant differences were found among public library users in their public library use on the basis of gender, age, designation and academic qualification. The library collection played a very important role in developing the community's reading habits, supporting academic achievements and self-grooming.

Practical implications

The results of the study suggest that public librarians can expand library reading halls space and provide a comfortable reading environment for the users. Library community programs are helpful in lifelong learning; therefore, the library should organize community programs (i.e. storytelling sessions, workshops and interactive sessions) for their users. Public libraries can strengthen their services by considering demographic differences in public library use.

Originality/value

The study is valuable as it will examine the public libraries' use, demographic differences in use and users' perceived importance of library resources, service and place in Pakistani context. Very few studies investigated gender differences in public library; however, this study's findings will contribute to knowledge by examining various demographic differences in library use.
College environment and entrepreneurial intention in high school
Authors: Iizuka Edson Sadao , de Moraes Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes , de Souza Melissa Galdino
Published: May 2022

Purpose

There is no consensus on the most effective way to foster entrepreneurship in educational institutions, and educational policies on entrepreneurial activity differ significantly amidst organizations and contexts. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze influence of the college environment and entrepreneurial characteristics on the entrepreneurial intention of Brazilian high school/technical students.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical research used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a sample of 384 students of technical courses, such as Administration, Systems Development, Chemistry, Secretariat, among others.

Findings

The proposed model was validated, and the hypotheses were confirmed, proving suitable for high school/technical education. Assessing the high school environment with this model can help determine each organization's strengths and weaknesses and, indeed, the impacts on the ecosystems in which it operates. The results of the multi-group analysis indicate differences concerning the courses as well.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitations involve non-probabilistic sampling procedures and the collection having been carried out with a single cross-section.

Practical implications

For managers and teachers, this article presents indicators to qualify the activities of the educational environment, considering teaching activities, extracurricular activities, fairs, actions of teachers and students, among other initiatives.

Social implications

The article contributes to high school managers, particularly in technical schools, so that they understand the factors that influence the profile and entrepreneurial intention of students; in other words, something that can impact the lives of thousands of students, teachers and the community itself.

Originality/value

This research presents a novel analysis of the antecedents that drive student entrepreneurship in an underexplored educational context in a developing country. The results show the necessary conditions for technical schools to foster entrepreneurial activity, feeding innovation ecosystems with entrepreneurial talent.
Role modeling effects: how leader's job involvement affects follower creativity
Authors: Hu Dongqing , Gu Qinxuan , Zhang Yinxuan
Published: May 2022

Drawing on social learning theory, we explore how a leader's job involvement affects individual follower creativity in teams. Using a sample of 156 leaders with 1051 employees from knowledge‐based teams in China, we find that leader's job involvement has a cross‐level influence on follower creativity through the mediating role of follower's job involvement. In addition, leader's prosocial motivation and leader‐member exchange (LMX) could strengthen the positive relationship between leader's job involvement and follower's job involvement and also strengthen the indirect positive relationship between leader's job involvement and follower creativity via follower's job involvement. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Long‐term automated visual monitoring of Antarctic benthic fauna
Authors: Marini Simone , Bonofiglio Federico , Corgnati Lorenzo P. , Bordone Andrea , Schiaparelli Stefano , Peirano Andrea
Published: May 2022

The rapid changes in the climate of Antarctica are likely to pose challenges to living communities, which makes monitoring of Antarctic fauna an urgent necessity. Benthos is particularly difficult to monitor, and is sensitive to local environmental changes. At the same time, long‐term monitoring is complicated by logistical factors. It is therefore urgent to develop advanced instruments to set up autonomous and long‐term monitoring programmes to obtain the lacking biological knowledge needed to understand this complex and remote marine environment.

We present a pilot study to set up a non‐invasive and sustainable autonomous monitoring activity in Antarctica, leveraging on a specifically designed automated camera recording, computer vision and machine learning image processing techniques. We also present and analyse the high‐resolution image dataset acquired for an extended period of time encompassing both the summer and the Antarctic night and the corresponding transition periods.

The results of this study demonstrate both the effectiveness of such an autonomous imaging devices for acquiring relevant long‐term visual data and the effectiveness of the proposed image analysis algorithms for extracting relevant scientific knowledge from such data. The presented results show how the extracted knowledge discloses dynamics of the observed ecosystems that can be obtained only through continuous observations extended in time, not achievable with the state‐of‐the‐art monitoring approaches commonly implemented in Antarctica.

The success of this pilot study is a step towards the collection of continuous data near shore in Antarctic areas and in general in all the remote and extreme underwater habitats. Moreover, the presented stand‐alone and autonomous imaging device can be used for increasing the number of the monitoring sites in remote environments and when complemented with the acquisition of physical and bio‐chemical variables it can be used for obtaining data collections of great scientific value difficult to acquire otherwise.
Regional anaesthesia in patients on antithrombotic drugs – a joint ESAIC/ESRA guideline: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Møller Morten Hylander , Sigurðsson Martin Ingi , Olkkola Klaus T. , Rehn Marius , Yli‐Hankala Arvi , Chew Michelle S.
Published: May 2022

The Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the clinical practice guideline Regional anaesthesia in patients on antithrombotic drugs – a joint ESAIC/ESRA guideline. This clinical practice guideline serves as a useful decision aid for Nordic anaesthesiologists providing regional anaesthesia to adult patients on antithrombotic drugs.
Frequency of adolescent cannabis smoking and vaping in the United States: Trends, disparities and concurrent substance use, 2017–19
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Kreski Noah T. , Ankrum Hadley , Cerdá Magdalena , Chen Qixuan , Hasin Deborah S. , Martins Silvia S. , Olfson Mark , Miech Richard
Published: May 2022

Aim

To quantify the trends in frequent and occasional cannabis vaping, demographic differences and concurrent nicotine and alcohol use.

Design

Observational study. Survey‐weighted multinomial logistic regression models assessed trends and disparities in past 30‐day cannabis use. Trends were assessed overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education and urbanicity. Multinomial logistic regression models also estimated associations of cannabis use (none, use without vaping, use with vaping) with past 2‐week binge drinking and past 30‐day nicotine/tobacco use.

Setting

United States, 2017–19.

Participants

Participants in the national Monitoring the Future (n = 51 052) survey.

Measurements

Past 30‐day frequent cannabis use (six or more times/30 days) and past 30‐day occasional use (one to five times/30 days), with and without vaping.

Findings

Past 30‐day frequent cannabis use with vaping and occasional use with vaping rose from 2017 to 2019. Past 30‐day frequent and occasional cannabis use without vaping declined. Certain groups, such as Hispanic/Latino or lower socio‐economic status adolescents, experienced particularly notable increases in frequent cannabis use with vaping (e.g. prevalence among Hispanic/Latino adolescents). Adolescents who reported smoking and vaping nicotine, and 10+ occasions of binge drinking, were 42.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 33.14–53.93] and 10.09 (95% CI = 4.51–22.53) times more likely to report past 30‐day cannabis use with vaping, respectively, compared with no use.

Discussion

Cannabis use without vaping appears to be declining among adolescents in the United States, while cannabis use with vaping is accelerating; frequent cannabis vaping is especially increasing, with consistent increases across almost all adolescent demographic groups. Cannabis use among US adolescents remains highly associated with other substance use.
Immune alterations in recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Mukherjee Nupur , Sharma Richa , Modi Deepak
Published: May 2022

A failure to achieve pregnancy after three or more embryo transfer cycles with high‐quality blastocysts is referred to as recurrent implantation failure (RIF). RIF can be due to altered uterine factors or male factors or embryo factors. Disrupted endometrial receptivity, altered expression of genes in several pathways, immunologic disturbances in the peripheral blood and/or the endometrium, and epigenetic alterations are associated with RIF. Amongst the immunologic disturbances, altered Th1/Th2 ratio, altered NK cell and macrophage numbers are observed in women with RIF. However, not all women with RIF have the same kind of immune dysfunction suggesting that RIF is a heterogeneous condition associated with varied immune responses and one size may not fit all. Thus, personalized therapies based on the immune status of the patient are being tested in women with RIF. In general, women with a high Th1/Th2 ratio are offered Tacrolimus, while intravenous IgG is recommended in women with high NK cell numbers/HLA mismatch. Women with hyperactivated immune status in the uterus are offered progesterone support, prednisolone, vitamin E, and intralipid treatment to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress, while endometrial scratching and intrauterine hCG administration are offered to women with hypo‐active immune status. There is a need for standardized tests for evaluation of immune status in patients and sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials for personalized therapies to determine which of these will be beneficial in women with RIF. Till then, the ART community should limit the use of such add‐on interventions in women with RIF.
Addiction and human male fertility: A systematic review and a critical appraisal
Authors: Alghobary Moheiddin , Mostafa Taymour
Published: May 2022

Background

Addiction is a global problem that has many negative consequences on human health as well as the quality of life.

Objectives

This review aimed to assess the effect of addiction on human male fertility.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted on various electronic sites.

Results

The initial literature search identified a total of 5239 articles in all searched databases. After removing duplicates and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 177 were potential articles, 112 were omitted because no direct relevance was encountered. Finally, 65 studies were retained for review. They were classified according to the type of addiction into; opioids and cannabinoids (18 articles), alcohol (7 articles), cocaine (2 articles), Androgenic Anabolic steroids (AAS, 15 articles), tobacco (10 articles) and caffeine (13 articles). Most of these recruited articles demonstrated a negative impact of the addressed substance on male fertility with variable levels of evidence.

Conclusions

It was concluded that addiction harms human male fertility that should be put into consideration. More future studies are needed after a proper methodological and statistical approach, including logistic regression analysis, to predict the effect of a specific substance on human male fertility.
Leader self‐sacrifice: A systematic review of two decades of research and an agenda for future research
Authors: Yang Feifan , Senewiratne Sherrica , Newman Alexander , Sendjaya Sen , Chen Zhijun
Published: May 2022

The corridors of history are filled with examples of leaders whose enduring legacies are typified by self‐sacrifice for the greater good during difficult times. Over the last two decades, scholarly interest in self‐sacrificial leader behaviours has increased. In the present article, we conduct a systematic review of prior empirical findings to highlight what we know about leader self‐sacrifice and galvanise future research to examine its implications for the workplace. To achieve this purpose, our review examines how leader self‐sacrifice has been defined and measured in previous work and develops an integrative framework that synthesises empirical work on its antecedents, outcomes, boundary conditions and underlying mechanisms. Based on our review, we articulate a comprehensive research agenda that identifies opportunities for theoretical, empirical and methodological advances in the field.
Navigating rural ruin: Infrastructural dynamics in Australia's New England North West
Authors: McNeil Molly
Published: May 2022

Whilst there has been an increase in attention to infrastructure in the social sciences and humanities over the last two decades, this focus has primarily explored urban landscapes, neglecting infrastructural dynamics in rural areas. This paper explores the synergistic relationship between rurality and infrastructure by focusing on examples and experiences of infrastructural ruin in Australia's New England North West. Drawing on 2 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper argues that ruination is a common modality though which infrastructure is experienced in rural contexts, and that this ruination, which is tied to the histories and everyday experience of rural spaces, becomes a means by which rurality is (re)produced both materially and culturally. Exploring infrastructural ruination in rural regions allows for narratives to be told of rural spaces that move beyond revivalist and declinist paradigms of rural scholarship. Instead, attention to the experience of infrastructural ruin positions rural spaces as unique landscapes where engagements with infrastructure play an integral role in shaping the material and cultural composition of contemporary rurality.
Barriers and facilitators for the usage of a personal health record for medication reconciliation: A qualitative study among patients
Authors: van der Nat Denise J. , Huiskes Victor J. B. , Taks Margot , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , van Onzenoort Hein A. W.
Published: May 2022

Aims

Personal health records (PHRs) are more often used for medication reconciliation (MR). However, patients' adoption rate is low. We aimed to provide insight into patients' barriers and facilitators for the usage of a PHR for MR prior to an in‐ or outpatient visit.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted among PHR users and non‐users who had a planned visit at the outpatient rheumatology department or the inpatient cardiology or neurology department. About 1 week after the hospital visit, patients were interviewed about barriers and facilitators for the usage of a PHR for MR using a semi‐structured interview guide based on the theoretical domains framework. Afterwards, data were analysed following thematic analysis.

Results

Ten PHR users and non‐users were interviewed. Barriers and facilitators were classified in four domains: patient, application, process and context. We identified 14 barriers including limited (health) literacy and/or computer skills, practical and technical issues, ambiguity about who is responsible (the patient or the healthcare provider) and lack of data exchange and connectivity between applications. Besides that, ten facilitators were identified including being place and time independent, improve usability, target patients who benefit most and/or have sufficient skills, and integration of different applications.

Conclusion

Barriers and facilitators identified at the patient, application, process and context level, need to be addressed to effectively develop and implement PHRs for MR.
‘If we don't have consent, we need to have beneficence’: Requiring beneficence in nonconsensual neurocorrection
Authors: Dore‐Horgan Emma
Published: May 2022

Neurointerventions—interventions that cause direct physical, chemical or biological effects on the brain—are sometimes administered to criminal offenders for the purpose of reducing their recidivism risk and promoting their rehabilitation more generally. Ethical debate on this practice (henceforth called ‘neurocorrection’) has focused on the issue of consent, with some authors defending a consent requirement in neurocorrection and others rejecting this. In this paper, I align with the view that consent might not always be necessary for permissible neurocorrective use, but introduce a qualification I argue ought to inform our ethical and legal analysis of neurocorrection if we are to administer neurocorrectives nonconsensually. I maintain our use of nonconsensual neurocorrection should be constrained by a beneficence requirement—that it should be limited to neurocorrectives that can be expected to benefit those required to undergo them; and my argument is that a beneficence requirement is necessary in order to safeguard against offender abuse. I highlight how we afford a heightened protective role to beneficence in other instances of biomedical intervention where consent is absent or in doubt; and I argue a beneficence requirement is also necessary in the correctional context because alternative candidate protections would provide insufficiently strong safeguards on their own. I then consider whether requiring beneficence in nonconsensual neurocorrection would (a) be incompatible with penal theory, (b) be objectionably paternalistic, or (c) foreclose many fruitful avenues of crime control. I argue in each case that it would not.