bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rutin Attenuates Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Qu Shaoqi , Dai Cunchun , Lang Fengting , Hu Longfei , Tang Qihe , Wang Haixia , Zhang Yanping , Hao Zhihui
Published: December 2018

Nephrotoxicity is the major limiting factor for the clinical use of vancomycin (VCM) for treatment of serious infections caused by multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria. This study investigated the renal protective activity of rutin in a rat model of VCM-induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats.
Effect of Rifampin-Isoniazid-Containing Antituberculosis Therapy on Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Children 3 to 14 Years Old
Authors: Kwara Awewura , Yang Hongmei , Antwi Sampson , Enimil Anthony , Gillani Fizza S. , Dompreh Albert , Ortsin Antoinette , Opoku Theresa , Bosomtwe Dennis , Sarfo Anima , Wiesner Lubbe , Norman Jennifer , Alghamdi Wael A. , Langaee Taimour , Peloquin Charles A. , Court Michael H. , Greenblatt David J.
Published: December 2018

We compared efavirenz pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in children with tuberculosis (TB)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection on and off first-line antituberculosis therapy to that in HIV-infected children. Children 3 to 14 years old with HIV infection, with and without TB, were treated with standard efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy without any efavirenz dose adjustments.
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Vaborbactam, a Novel Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor, in Combination with Meropenem
Authors: Griffith David C. , Sabet Mojgan , Tarazi Ziad , Lomovskaya Olga , Dudley Michael N.
Published: December 2018

Vaborbactam is a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor with activity against important beta-lactamases, in particular, serine carbapenemases, and is currently approved in combination with meropenem as Vabomere for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis. This combination is highly active against Gram-negative pathogens, especially
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
.
Koala and Wombat Gammaherpesviruses Encode the First Known Viral NTPDase Homologs and Are Phylogenetically Divergent from All Known Gammaherpesviruses
Authors: Vaz Paola K. , Hartley Carol A. , Lee Sang-Yong , Sansom Fiona M. , Adams Timothy E. , Stalder Kathryn , Pearce Lesley , Lovrecz George , Browning Glenn F. , Müller Christa E. , Devlin Joanne M.
Published: December 2018

The genome sequences of the koala and wombat gammaherpesviruses show that the viruses form a distinct branch, indicative of a novel genus within the
Gammaherpesvirinae
. Their genomes contain several new ORFs, including ORFs encoding a β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase that is phylogenetically closest to poxvirus and insect homologs and the first reported viral NTPDase. NTPDases are ubiquitously expressed in mammals and are also present in several parasitic, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. In mammals, these cell surface-localized NTPDases play essential roles in thromboregulation, inflammation, and immune suppression. In this study, we demonstrate that the virus-encoded NTPDase is enzymatically active and is transcribed during natural infection of the host. Understanding how these enzymes benefit viruses can help to inform how they may cause disease or evade host immune defenses.
Robot-assisted tremor control for performance enhancement of retinal microsurgeons
Authors: Roizenblatt Marina , Grupenmacher Alex Treiger , Belfort Junior Rubens , Maia Mauricio , Gehlbach Peter L
Published: December 2018

Pars plana vitrectomy is a challenging, minimally invasive microsurgical procedure due to its intrinsic manoeuvres and physiological limits that constrain human capability. An important human limitation is physiological hand tremor, which can significantly increase the risk of iatrogenic retinal damage resulting from unintentional manoeuvres that affect anatomical and functional surgical outcomes. The limitations imposed by normal physiological tremor are more evident and challenging during ‘micron-scale’ manoeuvres such as epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling, and delicate procedures requiring coordinated bimanual surgery such as tractional retinal detachment repair. Therefore, over the previous three decades, attention has turned to robot-assisted surgical devices to overcome these challenges. Several systems have been developed to improve microsurgical accuracy by cancelling hand tremor and facilitating faster, safer and more effective microsurgeries. By markedly reducing tremor, microsurgical precision is improved to a level beyond present human capabilities. In conclusion, robotics offers potential advantages over free-hand microsurgery as it is currently performed during ophthalmic surgery and opens the door to a new class of revolutionary microsurgical modalities. The skills transfer that is beyond human capabilities to robotic technology is a logical next step in microsurgical evolution.
Widespread detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from natural aquatic environments in southern Ontario
Authors: Pashang Rosha , Yusuf Farhan , Zhao Simon , Deljoomanesh Shadi , Gilbride Kimberley A.
Published: December 2018

To elucidate how widespread antibiotic resistance is in the surface water environment, we studied the prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria at four locations in southern Ontario. We found that the percentage of bacteria resistant to the antibiotic tetracycline was higher at the river site, which flows through agricultural land, and lower at the lake sites. A total of 225 colonies were selected for further testing of antibiotic disc susceptibility to eight different antibiotics to calculate the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) score and the antibiotic resistance index for each site. Although the isolates from the lake site outside the city displayed resistance to fewer antibiotics, their MAR scores were not significantly different from that of the lake sites adjacent to urban beaches, showing that MAR was widespread in the natural water environments tested. Isolation of colonies under selection pressure to tetracycline was found to have a significant effect on the likelihood that the isolates would contain multiple resistance traits for other antibiotics. Identification of isolates selected on tetracycline was compared with that of isolates that were sensitive to tetracycline, and the community composition was found to be distinctly different, although isolates from the genera Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas were found in both communities.
Snail leaps and bounds: drivers of the diel movement pattern of a large invertebrate, the Caribbean queen conch (Lobatus gigas), in a marginal inshore habitat
Authors: Dujon Antoine M. , Stieglitz Thomas C. , Amice Erwan , Webber Dale M.
Published: December 2018

Understanding the relationship between the movements of animals and their environment is crucial for fisheries and species management. There is currently a lack of detailed information about the movement of slow-moving benthic species, especially for species of ecological or commercial importance. Here we document the relationship between diel movement and environmental parameters in a groundwater-fed coastal inlet for the queen conch (Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758)), an important fishery resource of the Caribbean region, using three-dimensional accelerometers and video cameras. Our results show immature queen conch (n = 9) spend most of their active time grazing, exhibiting two main distinct movements that we characterize as a leap and a drift that are mostly used to access new foraging resources. When overturned, they flip, producing a movement with the highest acceleration recorded to limit exposure and restore normal position. Movement patterns appear to be significantly affected by the oxygen concentration of the bottom water, with lower activity during low-oxygen levels in the morning (probability of 0.75 of observing 0 movement per hour) and maximum activity during the afternoon when oxygen concentration is at its maximum (probability of 0.80 of observing >10 movements per hour). Salinity and temperature had little effect on movement patterns. Our results confirm that highly variable marginal habitats like groundwater-fed inlets are suitable for juvenile conch growth and should be included in efficient conservation plans.
Reliability Evaluation of Data Center Network DCell
Authors: Lv Mengjie , Zhou Shuming , Sun Xueli , Lian Guanqin , Liu Jiafei
Published: December 2018

With the rapid development of cloud computing, many large-scale data centers are being built to provide increasingly popular online application services, such as search, e-mails, WeChat, and microblog, etc. The reliability of a massive data center network is the likelihood that it performs its expected functions consistently well under the given conditions within a specified time interval. A typical approach to measure the reliability of the system is to count the mean time to failure (MTTF), which shows the time that the appearance of a certain number of faulty subsystem costs. The higher the MTTF, the more reliable the system is. In this paper, we explore the reliability of data center network DCell when it is decomposed into smaller ones along the last dimension under server (node) failure model and link failure model, respectively.
Reconfigurable Hardware Generation of Multigrid Solvers with Conjugate Gradient Coarse-Grid Solution
Authors: Schmitt Christian , Schmid Moritz , Kuckuk Sebastian , Köstler Harald , Teich Jürgen , Hannig Frank
Published: December 2018

Not only in the field of high-performance computing (HPC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are a soaringly popular accelerator technology. However, they use a completely different programming paradigm and tool set compared to central processing units (CPUs) or even graphics processing units (GPUs), adding extra development steps and requiring special knowledge, hindering widespread use in scientific computing. To bridge this programmability gap, domain-specific languages (DSLs) are a popular choice to generate low-level implementations from an abstract algorithm description. In this work, we demonstrate our approach for the generation of numerical solver implementations based on the multigrid method for FPGAs from the same code base that is also used to generate code for CPUs using a hybrid parallelization of MPI and OpenMP. Our approach yields in a hardware design that can compute up to 11 V-cycles per second with an input grid size of 4096[Formula: see text]4096 and solution on the coarsest using the conjugate gradient (CG) method on a mid-range FPGA, beating vectorized, multi-threaded execution on an Intel Xeon processor.
UCF's 30-year REU site in computer vision
Authors: Lobo Niels Da Vitoria , Shah Mubarak A.
Published: December 2018

A unique perspective on experiences encouraging students to focus on further education.
Framework for implementing a big data ecosystem in organizations
Authors: Orenga-Roglá Sergio , Chalmeta Ricardo
Published: December 2018

Featuring the various dimensions of data management, it guides organizations through implementation fundamentals.
CheerOn
Authors: Harburg Emily , Lewis Daniel Rees , Easterday Matthew , Gerber Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2018

Novices learn innovation best through project-based learning (PBL), working in face-to-face teams to tackle real-world problems. Yet, real-world projects are complex, stressful, and especially challenging for novices. Online communities could provide social support to motivate novices, but it is unclear how to design online communities to support face-to-face PBL teams. Here we ask:How might we design an online system that enlists external supporters to provide online social support to motivate PBL students?Our need-finding study found that PBL students received infrequent social support, rarely engaged in help-seeking, and perceived little progress until the end of their projects. Based on these findings, we designedCheerOn, an online social support system that prompts novice student teams to externalize progress allowing external, online supporters to offer social support. We testedCheerOnwith 3 PBL teams and 15 external supporters over a 6-week course. We found that external supporters provided instrumental, informational, and emotional support that strengthened students’ bonds to the community, which increased help-seeking. Supporters also provided appraisal support, which increased students’ perceived value of their work. Supporters were more likely to offer informational and instrumental support when they were promoted or saw a clear need for help; supporters who received gratitude from students were more likely to offer emotional support in return; and supporters who were closely connected to the community were more likely to offer appraisal and instrumental support. Theoretically, this research contributes to our understanding of how hybrid face-to-face and online communities can impact the behavior of PBL students, specifically towards the facilitation of help-seeking behavior, as well as increased understanding of how different types of social support (i.e., appraisal, emotional, informational, and instrumental) can impact the participation of PBL students and supporters. Practically, this research contributes to our understanding of how to design socio-technical systems that facilitate social support for offline novice PBL students working, expanding the instructional resources available for preparing novices in PBL environments.
Using remote cache service for bazel
Authors: Lam Alpha
Published: December 2018

Save time by sharing and reusing build and test output.
Quantum leap
Authors: Monroe Don
Published: December 2018

A new proof supports a 25-year-old claim of the unique power of quantum computing.
Illegal pricing algorithms
Authors: Gal Michal S.
Published: December 2018

Examining the potential legal consequences of uses of pricing algorithms.
Hey Google, what's a moonshot?
Authors: Haigh Thomas
Published: December 2018

Fifty years on, NASA's expensive triumph is a widely misunderstood model for spectacular innovation.
Revisiting atelectasis in lung units with low ventilation/perfusion ratios
Authors: Butler James P. , Malhotra Atul , Loring Stephen H.
Published: December 2018

Patients on high inspired O2 concentrations are at risk of atelectasis, a problem that has been quantitatively assessed using analysis of ratio of ventilation to perfusion (V̇a/Q̇) equations. This approach ignores the potential of the elastic properties of the lung to support gas exchange through “apneic” oxygenation in units with no tidal ventilation, and is based on an error in the conservation of mass equations. To fill this gap, we correct the error and compare the pressure drops associated with apneic gas exchange with the pressure differences that can be supported by lung recoil. We analyze a worst case scenario: a small test unit in the Weibel model A tree structure with zero tidal ventilation, 100% inspired O2, the rest of the lung being normally ventilated tidally. We first computed the gas flux to the (unventilated) test unit and estimated the associated pressure drops. We then computed the difference in local gas pressure relative to the surrounding lung that would cause the unit to collapse. We compared these two, and finally computed the degree of airway narrowing that would effect change from the stable (apneic gas exchange) regime to the unstable regime leading to collapse. We find that except under extreme conditions of loss of airway caliber exceeding roughly 90%, lung recoil is sufficient to maintain oxygenation through convective transport alone. We further argue that the fundamental V̇a/Q̇ equations are invalid in these circumstances, and that the issue of atelectasis in low V̇a/Q̇ will require modifications to account for this additional mode of gas exchange.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Breathing high concentrations of oxygen increases the likelihood of atelectasis because of oxygen absorption, which is thought to be inevitable in regions with relatively low ventilation/perfusion ratios. However, airspaces of the lung resist collapse because of the forces of interdependence, and can, with low or even zero active tidal ventilation, draw in an inspiratory flow of oxygen sufficient to replace the oxygen consumed, thus preventing collapse of airspaces served by all but the most narrowed airways.
Pre- to postexpedition changes in the energy usage of women undertaking sustained expeditionary polar travel
Authors: Hattersley John , Wilson Adrian J. , Gifford Robert M. , Cobb Rin , Thake C. Doug , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Woods David R. , Imray Christopher H. E.
Published: December 2018

This paper reports the metabolic energy changes in six women who made the first unsupported traverse of Antarctica, covering a distance of 1,700 km in 61 days, hauling sledges weighing up to 80 kg. Pre- and postexpedition, measurements of energy expenditure and substrate utilization were made on all six members of the expedition over a 36-h period in a whole body calorimeter. During the study, subjects were fed an isocaloric diet: 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein. The experimental protocol contained pre- and postexpedition measurement, including periods of sleep, rest, and three periods of standardized stepping exercise at 80, 100, and 120 steps/min. A median (interquartile range) decrease in the lean and fat weight of the subjects of 1.4 (1.0) and 4.4 (1.8) kg, respectively (P < 0.05) was found, using air-displacement plethysmography. No statistically significant difference was found between pre- and postexpedition values for sleeping or resting metabolic rate, nor for diet-induced thermogenesis. A statistically significant difference was found in energy expenditure between the pre- and postexpedition values for exercise at 100 [4.7 (0.23) vs. 4.4 (0.29), P < 0.05] and 120 [5.7 (0.46) vs. 5.5 (0.43), P < 0.05] steps/min; a difference that disappeared when the metabolic rate values were normalized to body weight. The group was well matched for the measures studied. Whereas a physiological change in weight was seen, the lack of change in metabolic rate measures supports a view that women appropriately nourished and well prepared can undertake polar expeditions with a minimal metabolic energy consequence.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on the metabolic energy consequences for women undertaking expeditionary polar travel. The results show that participant selection gave a “well-matched” group, particularly during exercise. Notwithstanding this, individual differences were observed and explored. The results show that appropriately selected, trained, and nourished women can undertake such expeditions with no change in their metabolic energy requirements during rest or while undertaking moderate exercise over a sustained period of time.
The Pharmacological Mydriatic Pupil-to-Limbal Diameter Ratio as an Intuitive Predictor for the Risk of Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome
Authors: Terauchi Yurika , Horiguchi Hiroshi , Shiba Takuya
Published: December 2018

Purpose. To predict development of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) using the preoperative pharmacologically dilated pupil-to-limbal diameter (PL) ratio. Methods. The subjects were male patients treated by phacoemulsification who were or were not taking α1-adrenoceptor antagonists (ARAs). The PL ratio was calculated from the horizontal dilated pupil diameter and the horizontal corneal white-to-white distance measured by two observers in surgical videos. IFIS severity was graded using the criteria of Chang et al. We predicted the intuitive PL ratio to describe how precisely the experimenter can estimate the PL ratio without any tools. Results. There were 36 eyes in the α1-ARA group and 48 eyes in the control group. The pupil diameter and PL ratio were both significantly smaller in the α1-ARA group compared to the control group (p<0.001). All of pupil diameter, PL ratio, and intuitive PL ratio were negatively correlated with IFIS severity. The cutoff value for prediction of IFIS from the ROC curve was 7.20 mm for the pupil diameter, 58.7% for the PL ratio, and 62.5% for the intuitive PL ratio. The AUC for the ROC curve using the PL ratio (0.913) and intuitive PL ratio (0.892) did not perform substantially worse than that for the ROC curve based on the pupil diameter (0.875). Conclusions. The PL ratio is a simple and useful parameter for compensated prediction of IFIS development. Patients in whom this ratio is <60% are particularly likely to develop IFIS, and measures against onset of IFIS should be considered. This study is registered with UMIN000033012.
Safety Mining Technology of Coal Seams in Weathered Zone Based on Ground J‐Type Pregrouting Reinforcement
Authors: Tu Min , Cai Jinlong , Zhang Hualei , Rong Chuanxin
Published: December 2018

A thin basement coal seam mining model under different overlying strata conditions was developed using the discrete element software UDEC. This approach is used to discuss the safety mining of the thin basement coal seams. Fracture development in overlying and rock strata movement law in the stope was discussed. The relationship between support and surrounding rocks under different overlying strata conditions was analyzed. Lastly, a field industrial test was conducted based on the research results. A few major conclusions could be drawn. Under load transmission in loose water‐bearing strata, causing a large‐scaled rock strata movement to advance into the working face is easy when only one bearing stratum exists in the overlying strata. Meanwhile, the support bears strong loads, which can easily be collapsed. When two bearing strata exist in the overlying one, the upper bearing stratum can form a voussoir beam structure. Loads on the support decreased substantially compared with those under single bearing stratum, whilst the probability of pressing frame was reduced accordingly. A weathered zone above the stope was reinforced by ground J‐type drilling pregrouting, thereby improving the physical and mechanical properties and increasing the bearing capacity of the rock strata in the grouting range and safety mining of the working face in the lower coal seams. Research results provide important references for the safety mining of thin basement coal seams under similar conditions.
Study on Reasonable Energy Supplement Time of Tight Sandstone Oil Reservoirs with Rock Compressibility Stress Sensitivity
Authors: Xiaofeng Tian , Xianhong Tan , Ji Tian , Nan Li , Zhongchao Yuan , Bin Liang
Published: December 2018

A-HBR field is a tight sandstone oil reservoir with a threshold pressure gradient and a rock compressibility stress sensitivity. However, no existing approach could predict reasonable energy supplement time considering both of them. Therefore, in this paper, rock compressibility stress sensitivity experiments are conducted. Then, a new approach is presented. This approach considers the correlation of rock compressibility and formation pressure. And the formation pressure is different from the development time and distance to oil well. The study suggests that the energy supplement time is later when the original rock compressibility is larger. The energy supplement time is earlier when the rock compressibility is more severe. A-HBR field’s reasonable energy supplement time is 83 days when considering the effect of rock compressibility stress sensitivity. It is much earlier than that when not considering the effect of rock compressibility stress sensitivity.
Reliability of the Maximal Step Length Test and Its Correlation with Motor Function in Chronic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Ng Shamay S. M. , Tse Mimi M. Y. , Kwong Patrick W. H. , Fong Isaac C. K. , Chan Sun H. , Cheung Thomson C. H. , Ko Hoi-Ling , Yan David M. H. , Lai Cynthia Y. Y.
Published: December 2018

Objective. This study aimed to (1) investigate the interrater, intrarater, and test-retest reliabilities, as well as the minimal detectable change, of the Maximal Step Length test (MSL) in stroke survivors, (2) examine the concurrent validity of MSL with other stroke-specific impairment measurements in stroke survivors, and (3) compare the MSL performances of stroke survivors and those of age-matched healthy older adults in different directions. Design. Cross-sessional study. Setting. University-based research laboratory. Participants. Stroke survivors (n = 48) and age-matched healthy older adults (n = 39). Methods. Stroke survivors were assessed with MSL, lower limb muscle strength, Limits of Stability (LOS) Test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 5-meter walk test, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale by two trained assessors in 1 session. Their performance on MSL was reassessed 1 week later to establish the test-retest reliability. Healthy older adults were assessed with MSL only. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of MSL and Spearman’s rho was used to quantify the strength of correlations between MSL and secondary outcomes. Between-group differences of MSL were assessed with the independent t-test. Results. The MSL exhibited excellent intrarater, interrater, and test-retest reliabilities [ICC: 0.885–1.000]. Significant correlations (ρ: 0.447–0.723) were demonstrated between MSLs in most directions and muscle strengths of the affected legs, BBS scores, and walking speeds. The step lengths differed significantly between stroke survivors and healthy older adults in the forward, backward, and sideways directions on both the affected and less affected sides. Conclusions. The MSL is a reliable, valid, and easily administered test of the stepping capabilities of stroke survivors. Stroke survivors had significant shorter MSLs in all directions than the age-matched healthy older adults.
Traceability of Blood Transfusions and Reporting of Adverse Reactions in Developing Countries: A Six-Year Postpilot Phase Experience in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Salam , Nebie Koumpingnin , Millogo Tieba , Sontie Sonia , Nana Ashmed , Dahourou Honorine , Yonli Dieudonné Yentema , Tapko Jean-Baptiste , Faber Jean-Claude , Kafando Eléonore , Deneys Véronique
Published: December 2018

Traceability is an essential tool for haemovigilance and transfusion safety. In Burkina Faso, the implementation of haemovigilance has been achieved as part of a pilot project from 2005 to 2009. Our study aims to evaluate the traceability of blood transfusions and reporting of adverse reactions over the 6-year postpilot phase. A cross-sectional study including all blood units ordered between 2010 and 2015 has been conducted in public and private health care facilities supplied with blood products by the transfusion center of Bobo-Dioulasso. The complete traceability was possible for 83.5% of blood units delivered. Adverse reactions were reported in 107 cases representing 2.1/1,000 blood units per annum. Transfusions of wrong blood to wrong patient were reported in 13 cases. Our study shows that the haemovigilance system in Burkina Faso must be improved. Healthcare workers have to be sensitized on how traceability and haemovigilance could impact the quality of care provided to patients.
Comparison of Support Vector Machine‐Based Techniques for Detection of Bearing Faults
Authors: Wang Lijun , Ji Shengfei , Ji Nanyang
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a method that combines Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) with Support Vector Machine (SVM) method in order to identify the fault types of rolling bearing in the gearbox. The proposed method improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis identification after processing the collected vibration signals through wavelet threshold denoising. The global optimization and high computational efficiency of SFLA are applied to the SVM model. Simulation results show that the SFLA‐SVM algorithm is effective in fault diagnosis. Compared with SVM and Particle Swarm Optimization SVM (PSO‐SVM) algorithms, it is demonstrated that the SFLA‐SVM algorithm has the advantages of better global optimization, higher accuracy, and better reliability of diagnosis. Its accuracy is further improved through the integration of the wavelet threshold denoising method.
Intraindividual Variation in Markers of Intestinal Permeability and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Healthy Normal-Weight to Obese Adults
Authors: Kuzma Jessica N. , Hagman Derek K. , Cromer Gail , Breymeyer Kara L. , Roth Christian L. , Foster-Schubert Karen E. , Holte Sarah E. , Weigle David S. , Kratz Mario
Published: December 2018

Background:

Intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation are considered mechanistic links in the relationship between diet, obesity, and chronic disease. However, methods to measure both are not well standardized, and the reliability of commonly used measures is not known.

Methods:

We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for several common measures of intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation from a randomized clinical trial of cross-over design in which normal-weight (n = 12) or overweight/obese (n = 12) individuals each completed three 8-day dietary intervention periods.

Results:

For biomarkers of intestinal permeability, plasma zonulin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, ICCs were “excellent” (i.e., >0.9). The direct measure of intestinal permeability, the lactulose/mannitol test, exhibited “fair” reliability (ICC = 0.53). A wider range of ICCs (0.6–0.9), suggesting “good” to “excellent” reliability, were obtained for measures of adipose tissue expression of genes encoding major mediators of inflammation. Similarly, individual immune cell populations isolated from adipose tissue, expressed as a percentage of all CD45+ cells, also had “good” to “excellent” ICCs. However, when these populations were expressed as number of cells per gram of tissue, ICC values were “fair,” falling below 0.6.

Conclusions:

Due to the repeated measures design, our study offered a unique opportunity to assess reliability of commonly used biomarkers of intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation. Our findings suggest that these measures were generally highly reliable in the short-term.

Impact:

Along with other factors, particularly validity, the demonstrated reliabilities can help inform the choice of endpoints in studies of intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation.
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Production of Cytokines by Human Lung Macrophages
Authors: Grassin-Delyle Stanislas , Abrial Charlotte , Salvator Hélène , Brollo Marion , Naline Emmanuel , Devillier Philippe
Published: December 2018

Background: The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is involved in the recognition of and response to microbial infections. These receptors are expressed in leukocytes. TLR stimulation induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Given that human lung macrophages (LMs) constitute the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, the objective of this study was to investigate the expression and function of TLR subtypes in this cell population. Methods: Human primary LMs were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection. The RNA and protein expression levels of TLRs, chemokines, and cytokines were assessed after incubation with subtype-selective agonists. Results: In human LMs, the TLR expression level varied from one subtype to another. Stimulation with subtype-selective agonists induced an intense, concentration- and time-dependent increase in the production of chemokines and cytokines. TLR4 stimulation induced the strongest effect, whereas TLR9 stimulation induced a much weaker response. Conclusions: The stimulation of TLRs in human LMs induces intense cytokine and chemokine production, a characteristic of the proinflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype.
El género y la mascarada en la fotografía de María Santibáñez
Authors: Alperstein Deborah Dorotinsky
Published: December 2018

Este artigo propõe que nas fotografias de María Sant ibáñez, entre 1920-1930, foram reproduzidos imaginários e experiências do corpo feminino capaz de atuar, que haviam sido apagados nas reconstruções historiográficas enraizadas na concepção da cultura mexicana como dicotomia entre a tradição e a modernidade. Através de temas estilísticos (greco-latino, oriental e espanhol), essas representações femininas criaram um espaço imaginativo para const ruir modelos de mulheres de classe média com uma vida interior “intensa”. Como fotógrafa de estúdio, María Santibáñez invocou com essa iconografia uma tradição estetizante que elevou seu trabalho de fotografia comercial ao nível de criação artística e ao mesmo tempo afirmou uma experiência cultural sobre o que tinha bom gosto, era delicado, e tinha “classe”.
Moda e vestuário nos periódicos femininos brasileiros do século XIX
Authors: Assunção Beatriz Albarez de , Italiano Isabel Cristina
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma primeira relação entre moda e imprensa no Brasil oitocentista, além da importância dada ao vestuário feminino nos periódicos brasileiros do século XIX. No acervo da Biblioteca Nacional, escolheram-se os periódicos O Espelho Diamantino, O Jornal das Senhoras e A Estação, levando em consideração uma evolução cronológica e de conteúdo. A partir disso foram selecionadas as edições mais relevantes para discutir os temas recorrentes. Como resultado, foi possível depreender que:  a diferença climática entre Brasil e Europa foi o principal empecilho na importação de moda; os periódicos oitocentistas, que são importante fonte de documentação da história da moda, porém não da moda brasileira, atuaram também como impulso para mudanças no vestuário, criando tanto um mercado de moda como de imprensa.
O samba é o dom
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Alice Rezende
Published: December 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo destacar o papel da dádiva como motor das ações das velhas guardas das agremiações carnavalescas cariocas. Supomos que suas práticas e histórias de vida dedicadas ao samba são responsáveis pela criação de redes de solidariedade e reciprocidade, cont r ibuindo para o fortalecimento da etnicidade afro-brasileira. O samba tem desempenhado, entre outras, função socializadora e, principalmente, civilizadora, unindo pessoas e agremiações em redes onde ele é a dádiva que circula. Como fato socialtotal, o samba criou escolas de samba, grupos artísticos e festivais capazes de promover o entretenimento e formas de convivência que possibilitam a resolução de diferenças e rivalidades de forma pacífica demonstrando sua importância no processo de interiorização de um etos civilizador na cidade e na nação.
Por uma cartografia sentimental
Authors: Kogure Linda , Esteves Junior Milton
Published: December 2018

A partir da geografia imaginária de Cidadilha, a cidade-ilha colonial de Vitória (ES), do escritor e historiador capixaba Luiz Guilherme Santos Neves, a meta é construir uma cartografia sentimental. Para tanto, criou-se a figura de um viajante-cartógrafo, que desembarcará na ilha para vivenciá-la antropofagicamente e reapresentar a ficção do ponto de vista do visitante. Ele abrirá pistas para interlocuções entre o corpus teórico (Rolnik, Certeau, Tuan etc.) e as experiências cartográf icas realizadas na concretude do objeto empírico (a cidade de Vitória). O artigo estrutura-se como roteiro de viagem, pressupondo também que Cidadilha seja uma viagem no espaço-tempo verossímil ao traçado original do (e até hoje verificável no) núcleo fundacional de Vitória.
Um olhar francês sobre a música popular brasileira
Authors: Prando Flavia Rejane
Published: December 2018

Os ritmos do Brasil tornaram-se populares na sociedade francesa e ditaram tendências musicais palpáveis durante o século XX. Como essas músicas brasileiras chegaram à França e o que sua recepção nos diz acerca da sociedade na época? Que práticas rítmicas e instrumentais foram adotadas, adaptadas e absorvidas por músicos franceses? Esses são alguns questionamentos tratados na pesquisa que analisa a difusão e o impacto da música brasileira na França. Trata-se de uma publicação que vem enriquecer a bibliografia nacional, apresentando uma história original da recepção musical fora do Brasil, lançando novas luzes sobre a história transcultural da música brasileira.
Os cadernos de Anita Malfatti no IEB
Authors: Valin Roberta , Pires Carlos
Published: December 2018

Este artigo pretende apresentar uma invest igação real izada no arquivo de Anita Malfatti, situado no Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da Universidade de São Paulo, que teve como centro os cadernos que a artista produziu ao longo de sua vida. Esses cadernos, feitos com diferentes propósitos e em contextos distintos, são reveladores tanto da trajetória da artista, quanto da sua atuação no campo artístico paulista. São, ainda, preciosos materiais para compreender a própria constituição desse campo ao longo da primeira metade do século XX.
Angiotensinogen and Megalin Interactions Contribute to Atherosclerosis—Brief Report
Authors: Ye Feiming , Wang Ya , Wu Congqing , Howatt Deborah A. , Wu Chia-Hua , Balakrishnan Anju , Mullick Adam E. , Graham Mark J. , Danser A.H. Jan , Wang Jian’an , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S.
Published: December 2018

Objective—

AGT (Angiotensinogen) is the unique precursor of the renin-angiotensin system that is sequentially cleaved by renin and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) to produce Ang II (angiotensin II). In this study, we determined how these renin-angiotensin components interact with megalin in kidney to promote atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

AGT, renin, ACE, and megalin were present in the renal proximal convoluted tubules of wild-type mice. Hepatocyte-specific AGT deficiency abolished AGT protein accumulation in proximal tubules and diminished Ang II concentrations in kidney, while renin was increased. Megalin was most abundant in kidney and exclusively present on the apical side of proximal tubules. Inhibition of megalin by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) led to ablation of AGT and renin proteins in proximal tubules, while leading to striking increases of urine AGT and renin concentrations, and 70% reduction of renal Ang II concentrations. However, plasma Ang II concentrations were unaffected. To determine whether AGT and megalin interaction contributes to atherosclerosis, we used both male and female low-density lipoprotein receptor
−/−
mice fed a saturated fat-enriched diet and administered vehicles (PBS or control ASO) or megalin ASO. Inhibition of megalin did not affect plasma cholesterol concentrations, but profoundly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in both male and female mice.

Conclusions—

These results reveal a regulatory role of megalin in the intrarenal renin-angiotensin homeostasis and atherogenesis, positing renal Ang II to be an important contributor to atherosclerosis that is mediated through AGT and megalin interactions.
Catalog of the types of some families of Coleoptera (Insecta) deposited at Coleção de Entomologia Pe. J. S. Moure, Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE S. , ALMEIDA LÚCIA M. , CARON EDILSON , CORRÊA GEOVAN H. , LINZMEIER ADELITA M. , SANTOS PAULA B. DOS
Published: December 2018

The Coleoptera type species of Coleção de Entomologia Pe. J. S. Moure, housed in the Zoology Department, Curitiba, Brazil, were examined and listed. This is an important collection in South America and the third largest in Brazil. The type materials of two series of Polyphaga were treated; in Staphyliniformia, the families Leiodidae and Staphylinidae and in Cucujiformia, Coccinellidae and Chrysomelidae. Complete information is given for each type, including the reference of the original description and labels data. A total of 112 types were listed, increasing the number of types, compared to the previous list (Marinoni et al. 1992).
New species of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera, Tephritidae) from remnant area of the Atlantic Rain Forest and surroundings in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: URAMOTO KEIKO , ZUCCHI ROBERTO ANTONIO
Published: December 2018

Four new species of Anastrepha Schiner were collected in McPhail-type traps hung in trees in a natural reserve and in commercial papaya orchards in Linhares, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. They are described and named herein as follows: Anastrepha atlantica n. sp., Anastrepha glochin n. sp., Anastrepha linharensis n. sp. and Anastrepha martinsi n. sp. Only the latter was collected in traps hung in papaya orchards. The classification of these species in species groups of Anastrepha is also discussed.
Bryozoa from detritic bottoms in the Menorca Channel (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), with notes on the genus Cribellopora
Authors: SOUTO JAVIER , REVERTER-GIL OSCAR , FERNÁNDEZ-PULPEIRO EUGENIO
Published: December 2018

Samples of Bryozoa were collected during an epibenthic sledge survey (Canal0209) of the Menorca Channel between Menorca and Mallorca in the Balearic Islands in 2009. Twenty-nine species were identified, including a new genus of Calloporidae (Barrosia) and a new species of Fenestrulina, described herein. A lectotype is designated for Coronellina fagei (Calescharidae). Cribellopora simplex, a species of Lacernidae generally considered to be a junior synonym of Cribellopora trichotoma, is redescribed on the basis of the holotype and newly collected material.
A revision of the Neotropical genus Sacosternum Hansen (Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae: Megasternini)
Authors: FIKÁČEK MARTIN , SHORT ANDREW E. Z.
Published: December 2018

The previously monotypic genus Sacosternum Hansen, 1989 is revised and redefined. Eleven species are recognized, of which eight are described as new: Sacosternum auribleps sp. n. (Brazil), S. cruciphallus sp. n. (Panama), S. delta sp. n. (Brazil, Paraguay); S. emissarium sp. n. (Costa Rica), S. epulum sp. n. (Brazil), S. garciai sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela); S. inconnivum sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), and S. lebbinorum sp. n. (French Guiana, Peru, Brazil). Sacosternum megalopus Hansen, 1989 is newly recorded from Costa Rica. Two species, referred to as Sacosternum sp. A (Peru) and S. sp. B (Costa Rica) are left undescribed pending on the collecting of males. Additional unidentified specimens are recorded from Mexico (Veracruz State), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela. A key to known species of the genus is provided, important characters are illustrated. A reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of Sacosternum species is performed, based on 51 adult morphological characters. The genus Sacosternum is decisively resolved as monophyletic based on six unique synapomorphies. Three species (S. epulum sp. n., S. lebbinorum sp. n. and an unidentified species of the “S. cruciphallus complex”) were collected in association with ecitonine army ants of the genera Eciton and Labidius. The possible preference of the Sacosternum species for the organic-rich leaf litter below the bivouacs of these ants is hypothesized from their label data and possible morphological adaptations are discussed.
Two new species of the genus Spartimas Enderlein from China (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: ZHANG TING-TING , YANG DING
Published: December 2018

Two Chinese species of the genus Spartimas Enderlein, S. apiciniger sp. nov. and S. hainanensis sp. nov., are described as new. A key to all the species of the genus is presented.
Revision of Neodischistus Painter, 1933 (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae)
Authors: LAMAS CARLOS JOSÉ EINICKER , YAMAGUCHI CAROLINA
Published: December 2018

The Neotropical genus Neodischistus Painter has a distribution restricted to South (Brazil and Argentina) and Central America (Panama). The genus is composed of two previously described species that are herein revised: N. currani Painter and N. collaris Painter. One new Brazilian species is described: N. marstoni sp. nov. Illustrations of the external morphology of adults and male and female terminalia are also included. An identification key to the species is presented and a short discussion about species distributions is added.
Australian Arrenurus (Acari, Hydrachnidia) with the description of eleven new species
Authors: SMIT HARRY
Published: December 2018

The following new species of the genus Arrenurus from Australia are described: Arrenurus glaucus, A. hyalinus, A. grampiansensis, A. indentatus, A. kakadu, A. neogereckei, A. niveensis, A. novaecambricus, A. pesici, A. pseudomargatellus and A. rotundicaudatus. The female of A. postmai Smit is described for the first time.
Pontoniine Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from the CReefs 2009 Heron Island Expedition, with a review of the Heron Island pontoniine fauna
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: December 2018

Recent collections of pontoniine shrimps from Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, have provided further additions to the Australian marine fauna. A new species, Periclimenes poriphilus sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is the first species of its genus to be found actually in a sponge host. Several other Periclimenes species have been reported as associates of sponges. Periclimenaeus arthrodactylus Holthuis, 1952, is reported for the second time only, previously known only from a single specimen collected in the Pulau Sailus Ketjil, Java Sea, Indonesia, in 1899, and new to the Australian fauna. Further specimens of Typton wasini Bruce, 1977 are recorded and Typton nanus Bruce, 1987 is re-assessed as a junior synonym of T. wasini, having been based on a juvenile specimen. An up-dated checklist of the Heron Island pontoniine fauna is also provided.
First report and three new species of Amanayara (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: PEREIRA MARCELO RIBEIRO , SPERBER CARLOS FRANKL , LHANO MARCOS GONÇALVES
Published: December 2018

Amanayara de Mello & Jacomini, 1994 was described with two species, both from Atlantic Forest remnants, in São Paulo State, Brazil. Here we describe three new species (Amanayara ribasi sp. nov., Amanayara bernardesi sp. nov., Amanayara helenae sp. nov.) from forest remnants in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This is the first record of this genus for Minas Gerais. We present a key for the genus, with thorough illustration of genitalia morphological characters used in the key. Together with descriptions of the three new species, also present distribution map, photograph of the types, illustration of female terminalia and comparative illustration of male genitalia from all species of the genus.
New species of Rhegmoclematini (Diptera: Scatopsidae) from Mexico
Authors: HUERTA HERÓN , DZUL FELIPE
Published: December 2018

Four new species of Scatopsidae from Mexico are described and illustrated based on adult morphology, two belonging to the genus Thripomorpha Enderlein and two to the genus Neorhegmoclemina Cook. These species are named Thripomorpha ungula, n. sp., Thripomorpha liliae, n. sp., Neorhegmoclemina dentata, n. sp. and N. raptoria, n. sp. The latter two represent the first record of Neorhegmoclemina Cook in Mexico. All of these species were collected with Malaise traps in the States of Hidalgo and Guerrero.
Molecular and bioacoustic differentiation of Boophis occidentalis with description of a new treefrog from north-western Madagascar
Authors: VENCES MIGUEL , ANDREONE FRANCO , GLOS JULIAN , GLAW FRANK
Published: December 2018

We describe a new species of the Boophis albilabris group (Anura: Mantellidae) from north-western Madagascar. Boophis tsilomaro sp. nov. is most similar to B. occidentalis from the Isalo Massif, but differs by substantial genetic differentiation, larger size, absence of a turquoise iris colour, presence of a more distinct white stripe along upper lip in life, and longer note duration and lower pulse repetition rate in advertisement calls. Due to its small known range and continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat we propose to classify this new species as "Critically Endangered" according to the IUCN criteria. We also describe the advertisement calls of B. occidentalis for the first time.