bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identificación y Caracterización de Perfiles de Inactividad Laboral en Ecuador mediante Análisis de Componentes Principales y Clústeres K-means
Authors: Sarcos González Jorge Adrian
Published: January 2025

La inactividad laboral representa un desafío significativo para el desarrollo económico y social de Ecuador. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal identificar y caracterizar los perfiles de inactividad laboral en el país utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) 2023. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas avanzadas, como el Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) y el Análisis de Clústeres K-means, para reducir la dimensionalidad de los datos y segmentar la población inactiva en grupos homogéneos. Los resultados revelaron tres clústeres predominantes: (1) "Trabajadores activos con baja educación", caracterizados por jóvenes urbanos con niveles educativos bajos; (2) "Inactivos con educación técnica o media", que incluyen una mezcla de personas activas e inactivas con formación técnica o media; y (3) "Diversos inactivos, estudiantes y trabajo no remunerado", compuesto por una amplia gama de individuos con diversas razones para su inactividad laboral. Estos perfiles proporcionan una base sólida para diseñar políticas públicas focalizadas que aborden las necesidades específicas de cada grupo. La combinación de ACP y K-means en el contexto ecuatoriano ofrece una comprensión más profunda de los factores que contribuyen a la inactividad laboral, facilitando la implementación de intervenciones efectivas.
Efectos de la Precariedad Laboral en la Salud del Profesional de Enfermería de la Región Oriente del Estado de México en 2023
Authors: Villegas Julio Flores , Estévez Ramos Rafael Antonio , Sánchez González Adolfo , Basset Machado Ihosvany
Published: January 2025

En los últimos años, se ha profundizado el debate en torno a la creciente precariedad del trabajo y sobre las causas que originan dicho fenómeno laboral, para discutir la precariedad del trabajo es importante referirse al empleo asalariado como un momento definitorio relacionado con las relaciones laborales marcadas por la explotación de la fuerza laboral, las intensas horas de trabajo, la ausencia de derechos legales, etc. Los profesionales de enfermería constituyen cuantitativamente la mayor fuerza de trabajo en los sistemas de salud de casi todos los países del mundo, sin embargo su importancia no parece ser suficiente para determinar trabajadores satisfechos puesto que existe de manera global, un nivel de insatisfacción laboral que resulta alarmantemente, las principales consecuencias de estas precarias condiciones laborales son; en el caso del profesional de enfermería, más estrés, sufrir el síndrome del profesional quemado, cansancio, desgaste físico, psicológico y emocional, y otros problemas, como nerviosismo, ansiedad, temor o angustia y alteraciones del apetito o del sueño, además de una clara imposibilidad de conciliar su vida personal con las personas y familiares. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, evaluar los efectos de la precariedad laboral en la salud del profesional de enfermería de la región oriente del estado de México en 2023. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, se utilizó la Escala EPRES y escala de salud Short Form 36, la muestra fue de 64 participantes de la región oriente del estado de México. Los resultados obtenidos, demostraron de acuerdo a la correlación de Pearson, que existe un correlación positiva entre la precariedad y la salud, ya que a mayor precariedad, más afectado se ve el estado de salud de los trabajadores.
Factores Asociados al Pie Diabético en Pacientes Atendidos en un Módulo Especializado de Atención Primaria en Oaxaca, México
Authors: Aquino Morales Lida Rosa Matilde , Ramírez Rojas María Guadalupe , Ramírez Gómez Jóse Pablo , Santiago Vázquez Liliana
Published: January 2025

Las enfermedades del pie asociadas con la diabetes representan una carga significativa a nivel mundial, ya que son causa de complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares. La detección temprana de estas complicaciones permite identificar pies en riesgo y sigue siendo una práctica esencial en el cuidado integral de los pacientes con diabetes. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal descriptivo empleando un muestreo aleatorio simple. Para la evaluación del riesgo de desarrollo de pie diabético, se utilizó una herramienta estandarizada del International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). El análisis estadístico se efectuó con el paquete SPSS versión 27, aplicando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinar la relación entre las variables. El Objetivo fue Identificar los factores asociados con el desarrollo de pie diabético en pacientes atendidos en un módulo especializado de atención primaria en Oaxaca, México. Se analizaron las variables demográficas y clínicas de 242 pacientes, de los cuales el 68.6% eran mujeres, con una media de edad de 60.91 años (DE ± 10.16). El 43.4% de los pacientes requería un examen de detección anual. Entre los hallazgos más frecuentes se identificaron la onicomicosis y la hiperqueratosis, mientras que el hallux valgus y la enfermedad arterial periférica fueron menos comunes. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el tipo de tratamiento recibido y la presencia de enfermedad renal crónica.
Sintomatología Ostomuscular en los Colaboradores de la Unidad de Comandos Junglas de la Policía Nacional Vereda la Laguna de San Luis Tolima
Authors: Barajas Rodriguez Milton , Ceballos Ducucuara Diana Maria , Villalba Charry Mauricio
Published: January 2025

Las sintomatologías osteomusculares, se pueden especificar como un conjunto de lesiones que afectan al sistema osteomuscular y a sus estructuras asociadas, es decir; huesos, músculos, articulaciones, tendones, ligamentos, nervios y sistema circulatorio. La sintomatología osteomuscular asociada o presentada como consecuencia a la actividad laboral, debido a la exigencia inherente a la actividad física, se presenta, cada vez con mayor frecuencia y es generada por los riesgos biomecánicos, lo anterior se ha convertido en uno de los principales motivos de consulta en entidades de salud, convirtiéndose en un problema para las empresas, generando costos adicionales que parten del ausentismo laboral, rotación de personal hasta la reubicación laboral. Como objetivo se pretende caracterizar la sintomatología osteomuscular con relación al riesgo biomecánico en los policiales que labora en la Unidad de Comando Junglas de la policía nacional Vereda la Laguna de San Luis Tolima.
The Smalltalk2Me AI app in English Speaking Skills: An Action Research Among Higher Education Students in Loja, Ecuador
Authors: Celi Díaz Jimmi Fabricio , Bustos Rodríguez Jean Pierre
Published: January 2025

This study explores the impact of the SmallTalk2Me application in improving English speaking skills among higher education students in Loja, Ecuador. Using an action research approach, the study aimed to assess how this artificial intelligence app influences key aspects of oral proficiency, including fluency, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary development. Participants engaged in well-designed activities to incorporate the SmallTalk2Me app into their learning routines, providing opportunities for authentic interaction and real-time feedback. Data was collected through pre- and post-intervention assessments, observations, participant reflections, and a questionnaire. Results indicate significant improvements in students’ oral performance, mainly in pronunciation and fluency, along with improved confidence in oral communication. Despite these positive results, challenges were identified related to technical issues and initial user familiarity with the application. This research highlights the potential of artificial intelligence-powered apps to support English learning and recommends further studies to explore their long-term impact and integration into diverse educational contexts.
Evaluación de las Condiciones Lumínicas en los Puestos de Trabajo en una Alcaldía del Departamento del Tolima
Authors: Roa Cortes Ingrith Tatiana , Bejarano Rubiano Edna Tatiana , Violet Martelo Bertha Elisa
Published: January 2025

La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar las condiciones lumínicas en los puestos de trabajo administrativos de una alcaldía del departamento del Tolima, con el propósito de verificar el cumplimiento del Reglamento Técnico de Iluminación y Alumbrado Público (RETILAP). Para ello, se realizaron mediciones ambientales en los 24 puestos de trabajo, utilizando luxómetros y considerando cuatro puntos estratégicos alrededor de cada estación: la parte superior, la inferior, la izquierda y la derecha. Los resultados revelaron que el 50% de las áreas evaluadas cumplían con los niveles de iluminación recomendados. No obstante, el 20,8% presentaban iluminación insuficiente, otro 20,8% excedían los límites permitidos y un 8,4% se encontraban fuera del rango óptimo establecido. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de implementar mejoras en el sistema de iluminación, tales como la instalación de lámparas más eficientes, la redistribución de las fuentes de luz y ajustes en las estaciones de trabajo. Estas medidas no solo permiten el cumplimiento de las normativas vigentes, sino que también favorecerían el bienestar visual y la productividad de los empleados.
La Música como Estrategia Pedagógica para la Enseñanza de Educación Emocional en los Niños y Niñas de Preescolar, Institución Educativa David Sánchez Juliao Sede Santa Teresita Lorica, Córdoba
Authors: Barreto Arrieta Yuliana , Cardona Hoyos Paula Andrea
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo nace de la investigación sobre la utilización de la música como estrategia para la enseñanza de la educación emocional en los niños y niñas de preescolar, pues se sabe que la educación emocional es un aspecto fundamental para el desarrollo integral de los niños y al proponer la música como una herramienta pedagógica será un plus que ayudará a que los niños puedan gestionar sus emociones de una mejor manera, a raíz de esto surge el objetivo de esta investigación que es implementar la música como estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza de la educación emocional para los niños y niñas de preescolar en la Institución Educativa David Sánchez Julio Sede Santa Teresita. La metodología que se utiliza en esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa y con un diseño metodológico de Investigación-Acción Educativa, involucrando a los 23 estudiantes del nivel preescolar con edades de 4 a 6 años de la Institución Educativa David Sánchez Juliao Sede Santa Teresita. Se espera que los resultados arrojen que el 95% de los niños logren identificar, nombrar y expresar sus emociones, así como regularlas de manera efectiva, a través de la utilización de actividades musicales que les permita desarrollar habilidades socioemocionales, fortaleciendo su autoestima.
સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન વિષયમાં થયેલ પીએચ.ડી. મહાશોધનિબંધનો પ્રલેખમાપન અભ્યાસ
BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF RESEARCH OUTPUT IN SOCIAL SCIENCES
Authors: Parmar Chiragkumar G.
Published: January 2025

આવા પ્રકારના અભ્યાસને કારણે જેઓએ માહિતીનીતિ નક્કી કરવાની છે. તેઓ દ્વારા વૈજ્ઞાનિક પ્રવૃત્તિના સંદર્ભમાં કેવા પ્રકારની માહિતીની જરૂરિયાતો સંતોષવી જોઈએ તેના ક્રમ નક્કી કરવામાં મદદરૂપ બની શકે. આ પ્રકારની લેખિત પ્રત્યાયન વિસ્ફોટનાં મૂલ્યાંકન માટે અને માહિતી ક્ષેત્રના નિષ્ણાંતો દ્વારા ગાણિતીક આંકડાકીય અને OPERATION RESEARCH પદ્ધતિનું અનુસરણ કરવામાં આવેતેને સામાન્ય રીતે બિબ્લિઓમેટ્રીક્સ કહેવામાં આવે છે. A study of quantitative growth of written communication." પ્રસ્તુત સંશોધન આ પ્રયાસની એક કડી છે જે સામાજિક વિજ્ઞાન વિષયમાં થયેલ પીએચ.ડી. મહાશોધનિબંધનો પ્રલેખમાપન અભ્યાસ
STUDY THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON SOCIETY, ECONOMY, AND CULTURE: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AURANGABAD DISTRICT
Authors: Jadhav Trupti Vijay
Published: January 2025

Tourism is an important source of socio-economic development of any country. It promotes international understanding and trust among peoples as well as provides variety of social benefits. Today tourism has evolved into a significant socio-cultural and economic force.
Aurangabad is an important city of Maharashtra State. Now it is also called ‘Chatrapati Sambhajinagar.’ There are many cultural heritage sites such as Ajanta and Ellora caves, the famous world heritage sites in India and Bibi ka Maqubara known as ‘Taj of South’, Daulatabad Fort, and some religious places like Shri Ghrishneshwar Temple, one of the twelve jyotirlingas and so on. According to the fact, there is a need to study the impact of tourism on society, economy and culture to identify the developmental potential of Aurangabad district.
This study is mainly focuses on the multiple aspects of tourism impact, especially in Aurangabad district. To fulfill this aim, I am collected both the primary and secondary data. The primary data is coming by the direct observation and my own experience and the secondary data collected from the central and state government tourism based reports, books, articles, journals and other literary sources, and applying content analysis technique to understand the multifaceted impacts of tourism in Aurangabad district. Thus, both datasets provide me authentic information, which enhances the quality and productivity of this study
નારી શક્તિ,ચેતના ,વેદના કે આધુનીકરણના સંદર્ભમાં સ્ત્રી સશક્તિકરણ
Authors: કણઝરીયા દિનેશ જે
Published: January 2025

જગતના જુદા જુદા દેશોમાં ભારત અનેક રીતે વિશિષ્ટ અને પ્રભાવક દેશ તરીકે આજે પણ પ્રસિદ્ધ છે ભારતીય સમાજ જીવનના ઇતિહાસમાં સ્ત્રીનું સ્થાન અને દરજ્જાનું મહત્વ માનવજીવન ઈતિહાસમાં સવિશેષ ગણવામાં આવ્યું છે આપણા વડીલોએ કહ્યું છે “નારી તું નારાયણી” “બહુરત્ના વસુંધરા” “માતૃદેવો ભવ:” આમ જીવનમાં અને સાહિત્યમાં નારીજીવનની ખુબ જ પ્રતિષ્ઠા થઇ છે ૨૧ સદીનું આખું જગત જાણે છે લગભગ ભારતમાં ચાર થી પાંચ રાજ્યોમાં સ્ત્રીઓ મુખ્યમંત્રીના વરિષ્ઠપદો ધરાવે છે આ ઉપરાંત કોઈને કોઈ ઊંચા પદો પર જેવા કે કલેકટરો,ન્યાયાધીશો ધારાસભ્યો સચિવો આઈ.એ.એસ અધિકારી આમ વિવિધ ક્ષેત્રોના અધિકારીઓને પદે સ્ત્રીઓ બિરાજે છે. આપણા સમાજના બંધારણમાં સ્ત્રી અને પુરુષનું મહત્વ એક સરખું હોવા છતાં દરેક માનવીય પ્રવૃતિમાં સ્ત્રીઓને સમાન સ્થાન મળતું નથી સમાજમાં સ્ત્રીઓ દેખાયેલી, તરછોડાયેલી, હોવા છતાં પણ આવી હાલતમાં પોતાના કુટુંબનો વિચાર કરે છે અને પોતાની ફરજ નિભાવે છે અને સ્ત્રી પોતાનું સમગ્ર જીવન પોતાના પરિવારના વિકાસ પોતાના સંતાનોનું ભરણ પોષણ અને પતિની સેવામાં વિતાવે છે સ્ત્રીઓની આવી દયનીય પરિસ્થિતિ એ માત્ર ભારતમાં જ નહિ પરંતુ સમગ્ર વિશ્વમાં આપણે જોઈએ છીએ.
INTEGRATING WESTERN AND INDIAN NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES IN VIKRAM CHANDRA'S RED EARTH AND POURING RAIN
Authors: Pandya Titixa Mukeshbhai , Hariyani Neha Arun
Published: January 2025

This research paper examines the innovative blending of Indian and Western narrative techniques in Vikram Chandra’s novel Red Earth and Pouring Rain. The study explores how Chandra integrates traditional Indian storytelling forms, such as the frame narrative akin to the structure seen in ancient epics like the Mahabharata and the Panchatantra, with elements characteristic of Western literary styles, including stream-of-consciousness and metafiction. In the context of Narratological experiments, Indian English fiction is considered to have the implications of global narrative techniques without breaking the attachment of local roots. Vikram Chandra, born in Delhi in 1961, has risen to prominence as one of the most acclaimed of the current generation of practitioners of Indian Writing in English. His first fiction- Red Earth and Pouring Rain had won outstanding critical acclaim and two prestigious awards: The Commonwealth Writers Prize for the Best First Book and The David Higham Prize for fiction. Chandra introduces Hindu mythological personas like Yama, Ganesha and Hanuman. They participate in narration and action along with The narrative voice- Sanjay, the reincarnated, typewriter-ape who retells in magic realism mode. The Protagonist is an Indian, America-return college student whose narration moves readers in the 20th century. The novel chronicles the aspects of Indian history, mythology and western invaders in India from about 1750 through 1900. The work remains as a ‘modern epic’ of the Indian subcontinent. The present paper focuses on studying his art of narration as a meritorious story-teller whose literary movement is centrifugal; going from inside towards the outside. This hybrid narrative framework not only serves to bridge cultural storytelling methods but also enriches the thematic depth, allowing for a multifaceted exploration of themes such as identity, history, and mortality. Additionally, the study discusses the reception of Chandra's narrative techniques by diverse audiences, thereby contributing to the discourse on cross-cultural literature and the global novel. Author embraces Indian history and its western counterpart with blending of classical Indian as well as western narrative traditions.
भारतविदेशयो: धेन्वो: भेद:
Authors: Acharya Nitin
Published: January 2025

भारतविदेशयो: धेन्वो: भेद: शोधपत्रस्य अस्मिन् विषये का धेनु: उत्तमा का च अनुत्तमा ? तस्य चर्चा कृता अस्ति । तेन दुग्धस्य महत्त्वं ज्ञातव्यं भवति । धेनु: तु केवलं भारतीयधेनुरेव भवति । यतो हि अन्या / विदेशीया धेनु: धेनुरेव नास्ति । स केवलं जीव: । धेनु: तु केवलमस्माकं भारतवर्षस्य एव भवति । अत्रारम्भे पुराणस्य परिचयं दत्वा लक्षणानि दतानि सन्ति । तत्र पंचलक्षणनि सन्ति, दशलक्षणनि अपि विद्यन्ते । पुराणश्रवणस्य लाभ: अपि अस्ति । क: लाभ: ? तर्हि य: पुराणं श्रुणोति स: कपिलाधेनुदानं करोति तादृशं फ्लं प्राप्नोति । अत्र धर्मशास्त्रस्य चर्चा अपि अस्ति । धर्म: क: ? तस्य बहूनि लक्षणानि भिन्नानि दर्शितानि सन्ति । सर्वमान्यं प्रसिद्धं लक्षणं -आचार: प्रथमो धर्म: - एषु पुराणेषु गोविषयिकी धार्मिकी, आध्यात्मिकी, सामाजिकी भावनाया: प्रतिपादनं कृतमस्ति । वेदादारभ्य सर्वेषु शास्त्रेषु गोविषयकं महत्त्वं सर्वत्र प्रतिपादितमस्ति एव । यथा बृहत्पराशरस्मृतौ शृंगमूले स्थितो ब्रह्मा शृंगमध्ये तु केशव:, शृंगाग्रे शङ्कर: विद्यात् त्रयो देवा: प्रतिष्ठिता: - लिखितमस्ति यत् गवां शृंगयो: मूले ब्रह्मा, मध्ये नारायण:, शृंगाग्रे शिव: इति त्रय: वेदा: निवसन्ति । एतदतिरिच्य शृंगाग्रे चराचरसर्वाणि तीर्थानि विद्यन्ते । किन्तु मुख्या वार्ता इयमेव अस्ति यत् विदेशी धेनु: अस्माकं धेनूनां तुलनायां कुत्रापि न तिष्ठति । सा केवलं प्राकारेण दुग्धमात्रायां विशेःसा नान्यत्र । वैज्ञानिकप्रमाणै: अत्र तस्य प्रतिपादनं कृतमस्ति । एकैकमंगं दृष्ट्वा लक्षणानि निश्चित्तानि सन्ति ।
ગ્રામીણ મહિલાઓમાં ગર્ભવતી અને પ્રસુતાઓ માટે પોષક આહાર, વાનગી વિશેની કોઠાસૂઝ અને વર્તમાન વ્યવહારોઃ એક અભ્યાસ
(અમદાવાદ જીલ્લાના માંડલ તાલુકાના કડવાસણ ગામને ધ્યાનમાં રાખીને)
Authors: ઝાલા રંજનબા , જૈન લોકેશ
Published: January 2025

ગ્રામીણ વિસ્તારોમાં મહિલા આરોગ્ય અને ખોરાક સંબંધિત પરંપરાગત માહિતી મેળવવી જરૂરી છે. ગ્રામીણ વિસ્તારની મહિલાઓ પોતાનું આરોગ્ય જાળવવા માટે આહારમાં કઇ કઇ વસ્તુઓનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે જેનાથી એમનું સ્વાસ્થ્ય જળવાઈ રહે છે. પહેલાની મહિલાઓમાં આરોગ્યલક્ષી શું કોઠાસૂઝ રહેલી છે. તે જાણવું સ્વસ્થ જીવનશૈલી અને પોષક આહાર વ્યવહાર માટે જરૂરી છે. તેના આધારે અત્યારે વર્તમાન સમયમાં વિસરાઈ ગયેલ વાનગીઓ અને તે વિશેની વિસ્તૃત કોઠાસૂઝ ઘણી ઉપયોગી સિદ્ધ થઈ શકે છે. ગ્રામીણ વિસ્તારોમાં પ્રસૂતામાતા પોતાના ખોરાકમાં કઈ કઈ વાનગીઓ ઉપયોગમાં લેતી હતી, પોતાના ઘરના સભ્યો જેમ કે ગર્ભવતી અને પ્રસૂતાઓને આપતી હતી જેનાથી એમનું આરોગ્ય જળવાઈ રહેતું હતું.
ગામડાઓમાં આવેલ કેટલીક જૂની પરંપરાગત આહાર પોષણ વ્યવસ્થા અંગેની સુઝબુઝોનાં જાણકાર જે આરોગ્યલક્ષી ઘણી જુદી જુદી વાનગીઓ અને દવાઓજે વનસ્પતિઓમાંથી ઘેર બનાવીને પ્રસુતા માતાઓને આહારમાં આપતા હતા જેનાથી તેમણે સારા પોષણક્ષમ તત્વો મળી રહેતાં હતાં, જેનાથી બાળક અને માતા પર સારી અસરો જોવા મળતી. આવા જાણકારો કે રોગવેદના વિદ્વાનો ગામમાં જુદી જુદી જૂની રીતો જાણતા હતા.
ગામડાઓની સ્ત્રીઓ પોતાના આહાર થકી આરોગ્યલક્ષી સમસ્યાઓના નિદાનકરતી હતી. તે એવા પ્રકારના પૌષ્ટિક આહારો લેતી હતી કે જેનાથી પોતાના રોગોનું નિદાન આવી જતું હતું. સ્ત્રીઓ શિયાળા દરમિયાન કડવી વસ્તુઓ જેવી કે મેથીનું શાક, મેથીના લાડવા, પાક જેવા આહારોનો ઉપયોગ કરતી હતી.જેનાથી શરીરના અમુક હાડકાઓના દુખાવામાં રાહત થતી હતી.ગામડાઓની ગર્ભવતી કે પ્રસુતા મહિલાઓની સ્થિતિ જોવા જઈએ તો બધાની સરખી જોવા મળતી નથી. જ્ઞાતિ, સમાજ, સામાજિક સ્થિતિ, આર્થિક સ્થિતિ પ્રમાણે જુદી જુદી જોવા મળે છે.
આ લેખ એવા જાણકાર કોઠાસૂઝ ધરાવનારાની અને તેના પાસે રહેલ જ્ઞાનની શોધ તો છે જ પણ એની સાથે તેની વર્તમાન પરિસ્થિતિ શું છે તેનો પણ કાર્ય-કારણ સહિતનો વિશ્લેષણ છે. આવી આગવી પરંપરાગત સૂઝબૂઝ થકી સમાજમાં ઓછા ખર્ચે ગ્રામીણ વિસ્તારની ગર્ભવતી અને પ્રસુતાઓનું પોષણ સ્તર અને આરોગ્ય સાચવી શકાય.
વિદ્યાર્થીઓના સામાજિક માધ્યમ પરત્વેના વલણો
Authors: પ્રજાપતિ શ્વેતા એસ , મૈયાણી પ્રીતિબેન
Published: January 2025

આ અભ્યાસમાં સામાજિક માધ્યમ અંગેની માહિતી આપવામાં આવી છે. સામાજિક માધ્યમનો અર્થ, સામાજિક માધ્યમની વ્યાખ્યા,સામાજિક માધ્યમનો ઇતિહાસ, સામાજિક માધ્યમના પ્રકારો, સામાજિક માધ્યમના શૈક્ષણિક ઉપયોગો, સામાજિક માધ્યમ માટે ઉપલબ્ધ કસોટીની માહિતી આપવામાં આવી છે.
‘ધ્રુવ ભટ્ટની નવલકથા ‘તત્વમસિ’માં ભૌગોલિક દ્રષ્ટિકોણ’
(Geographical Perspectives in Dhruv Bhatt's Novel 'Tattvamsi’)
Authors: Patel Maheshkumar K. , Patel Chimanlal B.
Published: January 2025

ધ્રુવ ભટ્ટ દ્વારા અઢી દાયકા પહેલા લખાયેલ ‘તત્વમસિ’(૧૯૯૮) નવલકથામાં કથાવસ્તુનો ભૌગોલિક વિસ્તાર નર્મદા નદી અને તેનો તટપ્રદેશ છે. તેના કથાવસ્તુમાં સમાજજીવન તેની આસપાસના પરિસરથી કેવી રીતે પ્રભાવિત છે, તેનાં વર્ણન સાથે પર્યાવરણીય અભિગમની મહત્વતા વધુ છે. કથાનાયક સાથે મુખ્ય પાત્રો સુપ્રિયા, શાસ્ત્રીજી, બિત્તુબંગા, ગંદુ ફકીર, કીકા વૈધ સાથેના સંવાદમાં સ્થાનિક જીવનશૈલીમાં કુદરતી સંસાધનોનું મહત્વ કેન્દ્સ્થાને રહે છે. નર્મદા પરિક્રમાનો માર્ગ એટલે નદીનો તટપ્રદેશ(98,796 ચોરસ કિલોમીટર). આ તટપ્રદેશમાં સમાયેલું માનવ રહેઠાણ, સ્થાનિક લોકજીવન, પરંપરાઓ, માન્યતાઓ, રીતરિવાજો, આર્થિક પ્રવૃત્તિ વગેરે કેવી રીતે પર્યાવરણીય તત્વો એટલે કે વનસ્પતિ, પશુ-પંખી, માટી, ખડકો, ભૂપૃષ્ઠ, સંસાધનો વગેરેથી જોડાયેલ છે. તેના સંકલિત દ્રશ્યની સમજ નવલકથામાંથી મળે છે. આ તટપ્રદેશની ભૌગોલિક વિવિધતાનું વર્ણન તેના પ્રવાહમાર્ગની સાથે કરી શકાય.
નર્મદા નદી, જેને ‘રેવા’ તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે, જે અગાઉ ‘નરબદા’ કે ‘નેરબુદ્દા’ તરીકે પણ ઓળખાતી હતી. નર્મદા નદીનો ઉદ્દભવ મધ્ય પ્રદેશના અનુપપુર જિલ્લાના અમરકંટક ટેકરીઓમાંથી લગભગ 1,057 મીટરની ઉંચાઈએથી નીકળે છે. જે મધ્ય ભારતની મુખ્ય નદી હોવાની સાથે પશ્ચિમમાં વહેતી સૌથી લાંબી(૧૩૧૨ કિલોમીટર) નદી છે. નર્મદા નદી ટેક્ટોનિક પ્રવૃત્તિઓથી નિર્મિત વિંધ્ય અને સાતપુરા પર્વતમાળા વચ્ચેની ખીણમાંથી પ્રવાહિત થાય છે. તેનો માર્ગ મધ્યપ્રદેશ (મંડલા, જબલપુર, નરસિંહપુર, હોશંગાબાદ, ખંડવા અને બરવાની જીલ્લાઓ), મહારાષ્ટ્ર (ઉત્તરીય ભાગ) અને ગુજરાતના ખંભાતના અખાતમાં પહોંચતા પહેલા તે નર્મદા, ભરૂચ અને વડોદરા જેવા જિલ્લાઓમાંથી વહે છે. આ પ્રદેશમાં નદીનું વિશેષ મહત્વ પેયજળ, સિંચાઈ, ઉદ્યોગો, પ્રવાસન, વનસ્પતિ-પ્રાણીસૃષ્ટિ વગેરે માટે હોવાથી લોકોની પ્રાદેશિક, સામાજિક અને સાંસ્કૃતિક રહેણીકરણી ઉપર પણ તેનો વિશેષ પ્રભાવ છે.
VALIDATED HPTLC DENSITOMETRY METHOD FOR ESTIMATING QUERCETIN FROM LEAVES OF GMELINA ARBOREA ROXB
Authors: Khalid Almutazbellah , Thakar Milan , Dave Ridham , Sindhav Gaurang
Published: January 2025

Gmelina arborea Roxb. (G. arborea) commonly known as White Teak. The medicinal plant is swiftly growing, belonging to the Verbenaceae family and renowned for its diverse therapeutic applications. In this study, a precise and expedient High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) method was meticulously employed to accurately quantify quercetin from G. arborea leaves. The use of chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates effectively separated the components. The subsequent densitometric assessment at 254 nm unveiled a notable quercetin content (0.32% w/w) in the G. arborea methanolic (GAM) extract. The rigorous method validation through International Conference on Harmonization [ICH Q2(R1)] guidelines, encompassing linearity, the determination of the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), as well as precision and specificity assessments, underscored the reliability and efficacy of the method. In a nutshell, the comprehensive validation of the developed HPTLC method for the quantification of quercetin has confirmed its robustness and reliability. The meticulous assessment of linearity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and robustness aligns with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, attesting that the developed method is scientifically sound. This method offers a valuable analytical approach for the exploration of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants thereby contributing significantly to the advancement of quality control in botanical research.
पुराणानां क्रमः सृष्टिविद्याया: निरुपणं च
Authors: Acharya Nitin
Published: January 2025

पुराणविद्या अस्माकं कृते बहु महत्त्वं वहति । विज्ञानस्य भूता: भविष्यामाणा: आविष्कारा: उल्लिखिता: सन्ति, सर्वेऽपि अत्र पुराणेषु प्रदर्शितानि सन्ति । तदत्र आश्चर्यस्य विषय: अस्ति । अत्र सर्वप्रथमं तु पुराणानि कानि ? तेषां संख्या का ? कति वा ? तस्योल्लेख: अस्ति अत्र । अष्टादश पुराणानि सन्ति अत्र । तत्र मकारेण द्वे, भकारेण द्वे, ब्रवर्णेन त्रीणि, वकारेण चत्वारि, अनापलिंगकुस्का इति वर्णै: अन्यानि सप्त पुराणानि सन्ति । तत्र क: क्रम: आश्रयणीय: ? तदत्र लिखितमस्ति । किं पुराणं प्रथमं किं च द्वितीयं तदत्र चर्चितमस्ति । सर्वाणि पुराणानि युगपत् न संभूतानि ? पुराणानि अष्टादश सन्ति । किन्तु एकमपि स्वतन्त्रं नास्ति, एकस्य पुराणस्य एव अष्टादश प्रकरणानि सन्ति तथैव एतानि पुराणानि अध्यायाः इव गुम्फितानि सन्ति । यथा एकस्मिन् ग्रन्थे अध्यायाः भवन्ति तथैव एतानि अष्टादश पुराणानि सन्ति । अतः एवं अस्य क्रमः निश्चितः वर्तते । एकस्य एव कवेः मिन्नभिन्नकृतयः भवन्ति तत्र कोऽपि निश्चितः क्रमः न भवति । किन्तु पुराणेषु तथा नास्ति । मूलतत्त्वस्य चर्चा अपि अत्र कृता अस्ति । किं मूलतत्त्वं ? प्रकृति: ? आग्नेयप्राण: ? अथवा सौरप्राण: ? तस्य चर्चा अत्र कृता अस्ति ।
EFFECT OF CREATIVE TEACHING STRATEGY IN ELIMINATING MATHEMATICS THREATS AMONG THE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Husain Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Mathematics is considered a core subject at universal level. Unfortunately, learners always face difficulty in learning mathematics. Most of the students fear even to hear about the subject mathematics. There is a stereotype threat in mathematics among the students that mathematics is a difficult subject, and it could not be picked up or grasped so easily by everyone and it is not a cup of tea of everyone and so on. This notion pulls back the mathematical achievement of the students in general. The investigators felt immense need to find out the effect of creative teaching strategy in eliminating mathematics stereotype threat among the secondary school students and thereby techniques to increase students’ interest, attitude towards mathematics and learning achievement in mathematics.
Stereotype threat in mathematics is a situational predicament in which people feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group regarding the subject mathematics, like mathematics is the most difficult and abstract subject, boys/girls cannot follow mathematics easily, mathematics teachers are very strict and sensitive etc. Creative teaching strategy means an innovative way of teaching where the teacher uses novel ideas and techniques to transform the learning content to students in an innovative way and thereby achieve students’ attention, interest and arouse curiosity for further learning.
Design of the study is pre-test & post-test equivalent group design, where 30 students from the secondary school were selected in an experimental sample and 30 students were in control group Sample was selected after identifying the students who faced the problem of mathematics stereotype threat through the administration of mathematics stereotype threat scale. Then the investigators provided treatment to the experimental group through 10 creative mathematics lessons. A post-test was administered after the completion of treatment to identify the effect of creative Teaching strategy in eliminating mathematical threats among secondary school students. Statistical techniques such as t-test were applied. This study provides a route map to mathematics teachers and students on how to improve the mathematics achievement of students by eliminating the stereotype threat developed among them.
Leveraging Multi-Round Learning and Noisy Labeled Images from Online Sources for Durian Leaf Disease and Pest Classication
Authors: Janpuangtong Sasin , Rattanaopas Kritwara
Published: January 2025

Durian has recently become a major agricultural export commodity for Southeast Asian countries. However, this plant is vulnerable to various diseases and pests, which are usually considered the main cause of poor yields and low-quality crops; leading to a huge economic loss. This work focuses on leaf diseases and pests, as their symptoms can be easily detected visually, but it is still challenging to correctly diagnose the problems. To address this difficulty, this work makes use of deep learning techniques to classify a given photo to a corresponding class of disease or pest. However, building a high-performance deep neural network model requires a substantial amount of ground-truth photos of diseases and pests on durian leaves, which are difficult and expensive to acquire. To overcome this challenge, we propose enriching the limited number of expert-labeled images with abundantly available, noisily labeled images collected from the Internet. A sample selection framework is introduced to choose noisy images for augmenting a current training set, which will be used to build a new classifier in the next learning round. We found that such a multi-round learning scheme, in which noisy photos are intuitively selected, provides complementary information to the limited ground truth, thereby enhancing the prediction accuracy on unseen examples of a classier being built by 20% at a particular learning round.
Predictive Modeling and Optimization of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biodiesel Production: Assessing the Performance of a Raw Biogas-Powered Diesel Engine with Diethyl Ether Blended Biodiesel
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi 110078, India, Ahmad A. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 248002, India, Yadav A. K. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad 201017, India, Singh A. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi 110078, India
Published: January 2025

Biodiesel production has drawn significant interest due to its potential as a renewable and environmentally favorable alternative to conventional diesel fuel. This study focuses on the prediction and optimization of biodiesel synthesis from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae oil using response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA). The transesterification process factors, including molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and stirring speed, are explored using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The GA proved to be the optimal parameter combination for achieving a high biodiesel yield. Under the optimized conditions of molar ratio of 6.77:1, catalyst concentration of 1.38 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 90 min, and stirring speed of 574 rpm, the biodiesel yield reached 98.38% (wt%). Experimental validation confirms the accuracy of the predicted results. This study also investigates the efficient use of produced biodiesel with diethyl ether as an additive and diesel blend in a dual-fuel diesel engine mode by varying the biogas mass flow rate (6, 8, and 10 L/min). Test blends of biodiesel/diesel/diethyl ether as pilot fuel and biogas as the primary fuel demonstrate satisfactory engine performance and reduced NOx and smoke emissions compared to baseline diesel. However, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions increase. Among the tested blends, B20DEE10Bio (10) exhibited diesel-like engine performance, resulting in a 3.47% increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and a 4.17% decrease in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). While NOx and smoke emissions decreased by 30.78 and 54.6%, CO and HC emissions increased by 41.27 and 37.3%, respectively, compared to baseline diesel. This research contributes to the optimization of biodiesel production and its utilization in sustainable energy systems, offering a promising pathway towards reducing environmental impacts and achieving energy security.
Predicting Fine Spatial-Temporal Scale Bus Emissions Using Graph Embedding Deep Learning Model
Authors:   Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Liu Q. C. ,   School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Qin Y. C. ,   Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Gao H. B. ,   Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, Wang Y. ,   Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, Lv C. ,   School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Cai Y. F. ,   Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Chen L. ,   Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Published: January 2025

Emissions from urban transportation significantly impact the environment and public health, including air pollution, increased carbon emissions, and various health issues. Public transportation is vital in alleviating traffic congestion and reducing overall emissions. However, due to the complex urban environment, bus emissions exhibit spatial heterogeneity at fine scales, and the influencing variables have nonlinearity and complexity, making it difficult to predict real-time emissions accurately. To address this challenge, we used real-time emission data from hybrid electric vehicle buses (HEBs), which are widely used in China, to train four models: linear regression (LR), random forest (RF), XGBOOST, and graph embedding-based generative adversarial network (GE-GAN). These models predicted real-time emissions at fine scales and analyzed the interactions between emission variables. Using graph embedding and GAN algorithms, the GE-GAN model effectively captures semantic and spatial information between variables, understanding complex interactions. Among all the models, GE-GAN achieved the best results in validation tests. For CO2 prediction, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.98, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was 1.31. For CO prediction, the RMSE was 0.03, and the MAE was 0.08. For NOx prediction, the RMSE was 0.43, and the MAE was 0.57. The experimental results demonstrated that GE-GAN can accurately predict real-time bus emissions at a fine scale in mixed urban areas. The accurate predictions can assist planning departments in determining pollutant distribution in urban areas, optimizing public transportation routes, and contributing to reducing city carbon emissions.
Academic Stress and Students' Mental Health
Authors: Akter Rozina , Barua Dhiman
Published: January 2025

The mental health of students is an issue of concern worldwide. At the tertiary level, students face several stresses, including academic stress.  Frequent changes in curriculum and examination systems put pressure on students’ mental health. In this study, we aim to explore the relationship between mental health and academic stress. The study is conducted on the students of six private universities located in Dhaka and Chattogram. An adopted questionnaire is used to measure the academic stress and mental health of the students. A Google form questionnaire designed in a five-point Likert scale is sent to the students by using convenient sampling techniques. SPSS version 23 is used for statistical analysis. A total of 297 responses are considered for statistical analysis. Multiple Regression Models are used to analyze the data. The study finds a positive significant correlation between four dimensions of academic stress and the mental health of the respondents. The finding provides educational institutions with an insight into creating mechanisms through which actual and potential mental health issues among students can be addressed. The study includes a small sample size and is conducted only on business students of private universities. Further research may be conducted on the students of other disciplines of both public and private universities and a larger sample.
Hydroxyl Lines and Moonlight: A High Spectral Resolution Investigation of Near-infrared Skylines from Maunakea to Guide Near-infrared Spectroscopic Surveys
Authors: Dauphin Frederick , Petric Andreea , Artigau Étienne , Stephens Andrew W. , Cook Neil James , Businger Steven , Flagey Nicolas , Marshall Jennifer , Ntampaka Michelle , Ravindranath Swara , Rousseau-Nepton Laurie
Published: January 2025

Subtracting the changing sky contribution from the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of faint astronomical objects is challenging and crucial to a wide range of science cases such as estimating the velocity dispersions of dwarf galaxies, studying the gas dynamics in faint galaxies, measuring accurate redshifts, and any spectroscopic study of faint targets. Since the sky background varies with time and location, NIR spectral observations, especially those employing fiber spectrometers and targeting extended sources, require frequent sky-only observations for calibration. However, sky subtraction can be optimized with sufficient a priori knowledge of the sky's variability. In this work, we explore how to optimize sky subtraction by analyzing 1075 high-resolution NIR spectra from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope's SPIRou on Maunakea, and we estimate the variability of 481 hydroxyl (OH) lines. These spectra were collected during two sets of three nights dedicated to obtaining sky observations every 5.5 minutes. During the first set, we observed how the Moon affects the NIR, which has not been accurately measured at these wavelengths. We suggest accounting for the Moon contribution at separation distances less than 10° when (1) reconstructing the sky using principal component analysis, (2) observing targets at YJHK magnitudes fainter than ∼15, and (3) attempting a sky subtraction better than 1%. We also identified 126 spectral doublets, or OH lines that split into at least two components, at SPIRou's resolution. In addition, we used Lomb–Scargle periodograms and Gaussian process regression to estimate that most OH lines vary on similar timescales, which provides a valuable input for IR spectroscopic survey strategies. The data (https://zenodo.org/records/13363061) and code (https://github.com/FDauphin/spirou-sky-subtraction) developed for this study are publicly available.
Dissecting the Interstellar Media of a Wolf–Rayet Galaxy at z = 2.76
Authors: Morishita Takahiro , Stiavelli Massimo , Schuldt Stefan , Grillo Claudio
Published: January 2025

We report JWST/NIRSpec observations of a star-forming galaxy at z = 2.76, MACS J1149-WR1. We securely detect two temperature-sensitive auroral lines, [S iii] 6312 (7.4σ) and [O ii] 7320+7331 doublets (10σ), and tentatively [n ii] 5755 (2.3σ) for the first time in an individual galaxy at z > 1. We perform a detailed analysis of its interstellar media (ISM), and derive electron temperatures, various heavy element abundances (O/H, N/O, S/O, and Ar/O) in the hot ionized region, and the neutral fraction in the warm ionized region. MACS J1149-WR1 shows a broad feature at the wavelength of He ii 4686, which consists of a broad (∼1000 km s−1), blueshifted (∼−110 km s−1) line component. Taken together with its mildly elevated N/O abundance, we conclude that MACS J1149-WR1 is experiencing a young starburst (≲10 Myr), likely hosting a large number of Wolf–Rayet (W-R) stars. None of its spectral features support the presence of active galactic nuclei, including (i) the absence of broad components and velocity shifts in hydrogen recombination lines, (ii) low [Fe ii]1.257 μm/Paβ ratio, and (iii) the absence of high-ionization lines. Our analysis using He i lines reveals a higher electron temperature and a higher attenuation value, indicating that He i may probe a smaller spatial scale than H i, presumably the region dominated by the aforementioned W-R stars. The star formation rates derived from various He i lines broadly agree with those from hydrogen recombination lines. We thus advocate that He i can be an excellent, independent probe of multiphase ISM in the era of JWST.
Dependence of Metal Enrichment of Nuclear Star Clusters on Galaxy Stellar Mass
Authors: Lyu Wenhe , Zhang Hong-Xin , Paudel Sanjaya , Li Tie , Tang Yimeng , Chen Guangwen , Kong Xu , Peng Eric W.
Published: January 2025

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are commonly found in the centers of galaxies, but their dominant formation mechanisms remain elusive. We perform a consistent analysis of stellar populations of 97 nearby NSCs, based on spectroscopic data from the Very Large Telescope. The sample covers a galaxy stellar mass range of 107–1011
M
⊙ and is more than 3 times larger than any previous study. We identify three galaxy stellar mass regimes with distinct NSC properties. In the low-mass regime of

log

M

host

 ≲ 8.5 (M
host is in units of M
⊙), nearly all NSCs have metallicities lower than their circum-NSC host but similar to those of typical red globular clusters (GCs), supporting the GC inspiral–merger scenario of NSC formation. In the high-mass regime of

log

M

host

 ≳ 9.5, nearly all NSCs have higher metallicities than their circum-NSC host and red GCs, suggesting significant contributions from in situ star formation. In the intermediate-mass regime, a comparable fraction of NSCs have higher or lower metallicities than their circum-NSC host and red GCs, with no clear dependence on NSC mass, suggesting intermittent in situ star formation. The majority of NSCs with higher metallicities than their host exhibit a negative age–metallicity correlation, providing clear evidence of long-term chemical enrichment. The average metallicity difference between NSC and host peaks broadly around

log

M

host

∼
9.8

and declines toward both higher and lower galaxy masses. We find that the efficiency of dynamical-friction-driven inspiral of GCs observed in present-day galaxies can explain the NSC mass at

log

M

host

≲
9.5

but falls short of observed ones at higher galaxy mass, reinforcing our conclusions based on stellar population analysis.
On Disk Formation around Isolated Black Holes via Stream Accretion
Authors: Tripathi Priyesh Kumar , Chattopadhyay Indranil , Joshi Raj Kishor
Published: January 2025

We investigate accretion onto an isolated black hole from uniform winds. If the winds are directed toward the black hole, then the accretion process can be well described by the classical Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton or BHL accretion. If the wind is not directed toward the black hole and flows past it, then a smaller fraction of the flow can be attracted by the black hole, and this type of accretion cannot be described by the classical BHL, and we coin the second kind as the lateral BHL. We show that the classical BHL cannot form an accretion disk, while lateral BHL can form transient accretion disks. To describe the thermodynamics of the flow, we have used a variable adiabatic index equation of state which depends on the temperature of the flow as well as the composition of the gas. We show that the electron-proton gas forms an accretion disk, which disappears and forms a shock cone, only to form the disk again at a later time, while for flows with fewer protons, the accretion disk, once lost, does not reappear again. Only when the flow is pair-dominated does it form a persistent accretion disk. We also show that a shock cone is less luminous than the accretion disk.
Exploring the Circumstellar Environment of Tycho’s Supernova Remnant. II. Impact on the Broadband Nonthermal Emission
Authors: Kobashi Ryosuke , Lee Shiu-Hang , Tanaka Takaaki , Maeda Keiichi
Published: January 2025

While the environment around Tycho's supernova remnant has long been believed to be close to homogeneous, the latest analysis of Chandra data has identified a substantial deceleration of the forward shock, which poses a major challenge to this picture. R. Kobashi et al. showed that the existence of dense molecular cloud (MC) surrounding a rarefied wind-like circumstellar matter (CSM) can explain this observational finding in terms of the shock-expansion dynamics, supporting the so-called single-degenerate scenario for the progenitor system. We here extend this work to study the nonthermal emission processes and investigate whether such an environment is consistent with the observed multiwavelength spectrum. While the simulated broadband spectrum based on the wind–MC environment is largely consistent with observations, we find that such an environment predicts a harder gamma-ray spectrum than observed due to the relatively low CSM density in the cavity interior of the MC. This difference can be at least partially attributed to the present 1D setup of the model, which does not account for the clumpy and multidimensional structure of the CSM. Our model provides predictions for the long-term evolution of the broadband spectrum, which can be used to further probe Tycho's surrounding environment in the future, a key to resolving the long-standing issue of Type Ia supernova progenitor channels.
Broad-line Region Characterization in Dozens of Active Galactic Nuclei Using Small-aperture Telescopes
Authors: Sobrino Figaredo Catalina , Chelouche Doron , Haas Martin , Ramolla Michael , Kaspi Shai , Panda Swayamtrupta , Ochmann Martin W. , Zucker Shay , Chini Rolf , Probst Malte A. , Kollatschny Wolfram , Murphy Miguel
Published: January 2025

We present the results of a nearly decade-long photometric reverberation mapping (PRM) survey of the Hα emission line in nearby (0.01 ≲ z ≲ 0.05) Seyfert galaxies using small (15–40 cm) telescopes. Broadband filters were used to trace the continuum emission, while narrowband filters tracked the Hα-line signal. We introduce a new PRM formalism to determine the time delay between continuum and line emission using combinations of auto- and cross-correlation functions. We obtain robust delays for 33/80 objects, allowing us to estimate the broad-line region (BLR) size. Additionally, we measure multiepoch delays for six objects whose scatter per source is smaller than the scatter in the BLR size–luminosity relation. Our study enhances the existing Hα size–luminosity relation by adding high-quality results for 31 objects, whose nuclear luminosities were estimated using the flux-variation gradient method, resulting in a scatter of 0.26 dex within our sample. The scatter reduces to 0.17 dex when the six lowest-luminosity sources are discarded, which is comparable to that found for the Hβ line. Single-epoch spectra enable us to estimate black hole masses using the Hα line and derive mass accretion rates from the iron-blend feature adjacent to Hβ. A similar trend, as previously reported for the Hβ line, is implied whereby highly accreting objects tend to lie below the size–luminosity relation of the general population. Our work demonstrates the effectiveness of small telescopes in conducting high-fidelity PRM campaigns of prominent emission lines in bright active galactic nuclei.