bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic age estimation in a long-lived, deepwater scorpionfish: insights into epigenetic clock development
Authors: Weber D. Nick , Fields Andrew T. , Chamberlin Derek W. , Patterson William F. , Portnoy David S.
Published: February 2024

Age estimates are essential for fisheries assessment and management, but deepwater (>200 m) fishes are often difficult to age using traditional techniques. Therefore, age-predictive epigenetic clocks were developed for a model deepwater reef fish, blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus, using two tissue types (fin clips and muscle; n = 61 individuals; 9−60 years) and Δ14C-validated consensus age estimates. The influence of biological information (length and sex) on epigenetic clock accuracy, and the potential for developing a multi-tissue clock, were also assessed. Bisulfite-converted restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (bsRADseq) was used to identify CpG sites (cytosines followed by guanines) exhibiting age-correlated DNA methylation, and epigenetic clocks showed strong agreement ( R2 > 0.98) between predicted and consensus ages. Including length and sex data enhanced accuracy and precision ( R2 > 0.99; mean absolute error < 1 year). Age-associated CpG sites were identified across tissues, but a multi-tissue clock performed poorly relative to single-tissue clocks. Overall, results demonstrate that accurate and precise epigenetic clocks can be developed for deepwater fishes, and the inclusion of biological information may enhance clock accuracy and precision.
Evaluation of carbon emission reduction effect of Cryptomeria japonica stand management in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kamei Hayato , Nakajima Tohru , Tatsuhara Satoshi
Published: February 2024

Planted forests are in the utilisation phase in Japan, contributing to the increased use of timber and the realisation of carbon neutrality. We simulated and compared the carbon emission reduction effects of three forest management scenarios, including a no final cutting scenario at two geographical scales, in the context of a privately owned Cryptomeria japonica planted forest in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. We adopted two substitution approaches: the status quo approach and the dynamic approach in line with Japan’s nationally determined contribution. We used hypothetical stands over three rotation periods of 150 years at the stand level, and a harvest schedule of 120 years at the regional level. The harvesting scenarios based on the status quo substitution approach reduced carbon emissions more than the no final cutting scenario for current wood usage at the study site, although those based on the dynamic substitution approach reduced carbon emissions as much as the no final cutting scenario during the first 30 years. Sustainable timber production from forests may reduce carbon emissions as much as unharvested forests until 2050, indicating that the substitution effects of harvested wood products could have a significant impact on the climate change mitigation effect arising from timber.
Modular Spiking Neural Membrane Systems for Image Classification
Authors: Ermini Iris , Zandron Claudio
Published: February 2024

A variant of membrane computing models called Spiking Neural P systems (SNP systems) closely mimics the structure and behavior of biological neurons. As third-generation neural networks, SNP systems have flexible architectures allowing the design of bio-inspired machine learning algorithms. This paper proposes Modular Spiking Neural P (MSNP) systems to solve image classification problems, a novel SNP system to be applied in scenarios where hundreds or even thousands of different classes are considered. A main issue to face in such situations is related to the structural complexity of the network. MSNP systems devised in this work allow to approach the general classification problem by dividing it in smaller parts, that are then faced by single entities of the network. As a benchmark dataset, the Oxford Flowers 102 dataset is considered, consisting of more than 8000 pictures of flowers belonging to the 102 species commonly found in the UK. These classes sometimes present large variations within them, may be also very similar to one another, and different images of the same subject may differ a lot. The work describes the architecture of the MSNP system, based on modules focusing on a specific class, their training phase, and the evaluation of the model both concerning result accuracy as well as energy consumption. Experimental results on image classification problems show that the model achieves good results, but is strongly connected to image quality, mainly depending on the frequency of images, remarkable changes of pose, images not centered, and subject mostly not shown.
Efficacy and Mechanisms of Natural Products as Therapeutic Interventions for Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Jin Fanli , Fan Pengbei , Wu Yuanyuan , Yang Qingzhen , Li Jiansheng , Liu Han
Published: February 2024

Chronic respiratory diseases are long-term conditions affecting the airways and other lung components that are characterized by a high prevalence, disability rate, and mortality rate. Further optimization of their treatment is required. Natural products, primarily extracted from organisms, possess specific molecular and structural formulas as well as distinct chemical and physical properties. These characteristics grant them the advantages of safety, gentleness, accessibility, and minimal side effects. The numerous advances in the use of natural products for treating chronic respiratory diseases have provided a steady source of motivation for new drug research and development. In this paper, we introduced the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases and natural products. Furthermore, we classified natural products according to their mechanism for treating chronic respiratory diseases and describe the ways in which these products can alleviate the pathological symptoms. Simultaneously, we elaborate on the signal transduction pathways and biological impacts of natural products’ targeting. Additionally, we present future prospects for natural products, considering their combination treatment approaches and administration methods. The significance of this review extends to both the research on preventing and treating chronic respiratory diseases, as well as the advancement of novel drug development in this field.
MONETARY POLICY AND WEALTH INEQUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: XU RUIHUI , LAI KUANJU , ZHANG YANG
Published: February 2024

Given the scarce empirical evidence on the distributional consequence of monetary policy, this paper draws on detailed data at microlevel to investigate the impact of China’s monetary policy on households’ wealth and wealth distribution using information from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) during 2012–2018. Our results confirm the following: (1) Household wealth is affected more by real interest rate adjustments than unexpected inflation and there are heterogeneities across the wealth level; (2) The impacts of monetary policy loosening and tightening cycles on household wealth are not neutral. During 2012–2018, while monetary easing had an equalizing effect, the unexpected inflation channel had a dis-equalizing effect; (3) Financial development amplifies the wealth effect of monetary policy adjustments. Our findings have important implications on the conduct of central bank policies.
The Incentive to Join in Customer-to-Manufacturer (C2M) Mode: Competition and Quality Differentiation
Authors: Yang Liu , Shi Baozhen , Qi Yinan
Published: February 2024

Customer-to-Manufacturer (C2M) is an emerging business mode in which the platform analyzes customers’ information and provides suggestions to manufacturers so that the manufacturers can understand customers’ needs much better. This paper investigates C2M by considering two competing firms that sell products to customers through an e-commerce platform. One produces high-quality products (firm H), and the other produces low-quality products (firm L). The platform sells a product improvement report to the firms, each firm decides whether or not to buy the report and join in C2M mode. The study results show that buying the product improvement report gives each firm the privilege of setting a higher product price. However, such privileges are weakened when both firms buy the reports. When the report price is small, the Nash equilibrium solution is that both firms buy the product improvement report, although it is not individually optimal for each firm. It indicates that the report price influences the firms’ profits and incentive to engage in C2M mode and one firm’s purchasing decision affects the other. Interestingly, we find that a moderate report price may make firm H worse off but benefit firm L. It indicates that the C2M mode is not always appealing to firms.
Review on High-Speed Dynamic Comparators for Analog to Digital Converters
Authors: Krishna Komala , Nambath Nandakumar
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-art high-speed dynamic comparators. The comparator is a critical block of high-speed, low-power analog-to-digital converters, determining the speed and overall power consumption. Therefore, the design of a high-speed comparator with tolerable offset, noise and power consumption is of utmost importance. Recent work reported on high-speed comparator topologies is investigated in detail with the help of simulations in 65[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology. Various parameters, such as delay, energy consumption, speed, offset, kickback noise, power delay product, etc., are compared. A detailed comparative study is also presented on several design methodologies.
Momentum transport of chiral modes in a thermal QCD medium
Authors: Panday Pushpa , Patra Binoy Krishna
Published: February 2024

We investigate the effect of a weak magnetic field on momentum transport in a thermal QCD medium at finite quark chemical potential using a semiclassical kinetic theory. In the presence of a magnetic field, the momentum transport coefficients acquire a tensor structure, reflected by the five shear ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and two bulk viscous components ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). The weak magnetic field removes the degeneracy in the effective mass of flavors, leading to different masses for the left-handed (L) and right-handed (R) chiral modes of quarks. The coefficients, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decrease with magnetic field in L mode and increase in [Formula: see text] mode, whereas, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase in both L and [Formula: see text] modes. The bulk viscous coefficients, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increase with magnetic field for both L and R modes. The shear and bulk viscous coefficients positively amplify with baryon asymmetry.
Exploring Support Practices Within Family Business Succession Process: Evidence from Tunisian SMEs Family
Authors: Salem Anis Ben , Zorgati Hajer , Khalfallah Meriam , Lakhal Lassaad
Published: February 2024

This study aims to identify the support practices that enable a successful family business succession process. Using 17 small- and medium-sized family businesses, the authors attempt to analyse the specifics of family business succession processes and identify the support practices appropriate to each phase of the process. The results show that advice and consultation are necessary during the pre-family business succession phase. Furthermore, the results reveal that training is needed to acquire and update knowledge and information during the family business succession phase. Finally, the results confirm that mentoring can ensure social and cognitive transfer in the post-family business succession process. This paper presents a theoretical innovation, as it is the first research study to attempt to understand how supportive practices can contribute to the success of the succession process.
Multi-Objective Inspection Optimization of Periodically Inspected Multi-Failure Mode System
Authors: Pant Himani , Singh S. B.
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the multi-objective availability and cost optimization of a periodically inspected system. A system with [Formula: see text] independent failure modes is specifically considered. The principal characteristic of the proposed model is that the inspection and maintenance time is nonnegligible and corrective maintenance results in as good as a new unit. This paper focuses on evaluating the general expressions for limiting availability and long-run average cost of the system undergoing periodic inspections. The multi-objective optimization issue is solved by first generating the Pareto-optimal solutions using particle swarm optimization and then selecting the best compromise solution using a fuzzy method. A numerical illustration is also presented to highlight the applicability of the proposed work.
WEAR RESISTANCE OF STELLITE 6 COATINGS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Authors: KUMAR MUKUND , KUMAR SATISH
Published: February 2024

Stellite 6 is a superalloy primarily composed of cobalt, known for its exceptional resistance to corrosion and wear at elevated temperatures. The current investigation involved the application of a co-based Stellite 6 coating on SS 304 boiler heat exchanger steel using HVOF technology. The objective was to boost surface wear resistance against elevated temperature. Protective coatings are widely employed across various industries to enhance resistance to erosion and wear of engineering components. The corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated steel was assessed under various conditions, including impact velocity, impact angle, and time duration, using a high-temperature air-jet erosion tester. Microploughing, cracking cutting, and hard phase pull-outs were all erosion processes seen in the coatings. Among the samples that were tested, it was observed that the Stellite 6 coating applied on SS 304 exhibited the lowest erosion rate. This study aims to facilitate the selection and optimization of coating materials suitable for applications in industry that require enhanced resistance against erosion wear under high-temperature conditions.
DIRECT METAL LASER SINTERING TO DEVELOP COMPLEX CONTOURS OF AlSi10Mg ALUMINIUM ALLOY — BUILD PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION
Authors: JASWIN M. AROCKIA , GEETHA R. , SARAVANAN M. , ELVIN R. P.
Published: February 2024

In the recent years, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become a very demanding process utilized by majority of the manufacturing industries due to its complex geometrical capabilities, high accuracy, minimal material usage and better build quality. Among the various types of AM methods, Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is a feasible method with many applications and a lot of scope for research. This paper focuses on optimizing the important parameters of DMLS process for better build quality of AlSi10Mg Aluminium alloy. The parameters identified are laser power, hatch distance, scanning speed, and layer thickness. Grey–Taguchi multi response optimization method has been used. Experimental specimens were fabricated and tested. Micro-Vickers hardness and average surface roughness were studied. Experiments were analyzed to determine the best combination of parameters of the DMLS process. A detailed micro-structural study was conducted on the specimens. Also, crystallographic study was made. The resultant specimen thus produced had a better build quality along with satisfying micro-structural characteristics.
PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF BS970 MILD STEEL TURNING PARAMETERS UNDER SiC-MoS2 HYBRID NANOFLUID USING HYBRID DEEP BELIEF NETWORK BASED COOT OPTIMIZATION
Authors: PALANIAPPAN THANGAVEL , SUBRAMANIAM PRAKASAM
Published: February 2024

In the modern world of competitive manufacturing, turning is a basic and important process that needs to be optimized for the fast-evolving industrial nature. It has its application in various fields involving numerous materials. This research study deals with modeling with optimization on the turning process parameters of turning E2-BS970 mild steel with cryogenically treated tungsten carbide tool under NFMQL having [Formula: see text] nanofluid. The parameters considered as the input factors are spindle speed and depth of cut along with feed rate and lubrication condition. The design of the experiment is done based on Box–Behnken design for 27 trials in the response surface method. The Deep Neural Network (DBN) and the Coot optimization algorithm are employed using MATLAB software for the prediction modeling. The prediction model developed by the DBN sigmoid function gave minimal error with prediction regression values of 0.99988 for MRR, 0.99516 for Cutting temperature, and 0.99545 for Tool life. The optimized result by CO shows a value of 188.89 rpm for spindle speed, 0.2318[Formula: see text]mm/rev for feed rate, Doc of 1.45[Formula: see text]mm, and 0.5015[Formula: see text]vol.% nanofluid MQL condition. The optimized values of MRR are 3.35[Formula: see text]mm3/min, [Formula: see text]C cutting temperature, and 1543.12[Formula: see text]s of tool life. The DBN model combined with the Coot algorithm shows minimal deviation compared to the experimental results validation and confirmatory analysis and is deemed suitable for efficient prediction.
INFLUENCE OF HYBRID NANOCERAMIC PARTICLES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES THROUGH TAGUCHI APPROACH
Authors: MEENAKSHI REDDY R. , SHANMUGAVEL K. , NAGESWARA RAO GANGOLU , PADMAVATHY S. , BALAMURUGAN R. , KALIAPPAN S. , TAQUI SYED NOEMAN , AL OBAID SAMI , ALHARBI SULAIMAN ALI
Published: February 2024

The manufacturing procedures and parameters utilized to manufacture composite significantly change the properties. This study focuses on Hybridized Metal Matrix (HMM) nanocomposite with the influence of Si3N4 and SiC nanoparticles on AA 7075 for its tensile strength and microhardness. The specimen is created using the ultrasonic aided stir casting method, and the effects of processing limitations such as particle weight %, stirrer speed, stirrer duration, and processing temperature on UTS and microhardness are optimized using the ANOVA approach. For the trials, the Taguchi research design based on an orthogonal array L[Formula: see text] is used. This approach is mostly used to frame the structure of parameters to assess the best factor.
Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Vibration System with Two Degrees of Freedom and Multiple Rigid Constraints
Authors: Zhang Ling-Yun , Liu Zhong , Wang Shi-Jun , Xiong Zhong-Gang , Han Xing-Guo , Lv Yong
Published: February 2024

A dynamic model of a vibration system with two degrees of freedom and multiple rigid constraints is constructed, the dynamics constraints of the segmented smooth vibration system under the multi-body impact coupling condition are given. Based on the cell mapping principle, a two-parameter co-simulation is carried out with two important parameters of excitation frequency and constraint gap as control variables. The model types and distribution rules of the periodic motion of the system response on the [Formula: see text]-whole two-parameter plane are obtained. The correlation between the dynamic response of the system and the model parameters is analyzed, and the evolution and bifurcation characteristics of fundamental periodic vibrations in the low-frequency small-gap parameter domain of the two-degree-of-freedom multi-rigid constrained vibration system are discussed. The diversity and regularity of subharmonic shock vibrations in the translational domain of the lingual domain are found.
A Novel Frictional Sliding Shear Key for the Transverse Seismic Mitigation of Girder Bridges
Authors: Xing Chenxi , Sha Ben , Wang Hao , Wu Yifeng , Li Aiqun
Published: February 2024

The concrete shear keys (CSK) are the conventional component in the girder bridges to restrain the seismic-induced excessive displacement in the transverse direction. However, the failure of the CSKs is often observed in strong earthquake events, which indicates the inadaptability of the CSKs in such extreme circumstances. This study proposes a novel frictional sliding shear key (FSSK) to improve the seismic performance of girder bridge especially under the earthquakes with high intensities. The configuration and the working mechanism are first introduced to derive the governing equations and the hysteretic models. A design method is proposed on the premise of the safety of the pier columns to determine the parameters of the FSSK. The mitigation effectiveness of the FSSK is investigated through a case study of a typical isolated bridge subjected to a suit of 80 ground motion records with 12 levels of seismic intensities. Results demonstrate that the lateral force and the energy-dissipating ability of the FSSK both increase dramatically with the increase of its lateral deformation, which implies the FSSK could play a more significant role under strong earthquakes. The numerical results of the case study denote that the FSSK can prominently reduce the bearing deformation of the bridge model under strong earthquakes, while the seismic responses of the pier could be enlarged. Besides, the combination of the FSSK and the CSK could further decrease the bearing deformation and only slightly increase the pier responses at high seismic intensities. The findings of this study are aimed at improving the transverse performance of the girder bridges under strong earthquake.
On (naturally) semifull and (semi)separable semifunctors
Authors: Bottegoni Lucrezia
Published: February 2024

The notion of semifunctor between categories, due to [9], is defined as a functor that does not necessarily preserve identities. In this paper, we study how several properties of functors, such as fullness, full faithfulness, separability, natural fullness, can be formulated for semifunctors. Since a full semifunctor is actually a functor, we are led to introduce a notion of semifullness (and then semifull faithfulness) for semifunctors. In order to show that these conditions can be derived from requirements on the hom-set components associated with a semifunctor, we look at “semisplitting properties” for seminatural tranformations and we investigate the corresponding properties for morphisms whose source or target is the image of a semifunctor. We define the notion of naturally semifull semifunctor and we characterize natural semifullness for semifunctors that are part of a semiadjunction in terms of semisplitting conditions for the unit and counit attached to the semiadjunction. We study the behavior of semifunctors with respect to (semi)separability and we prove Rafael-type Theorems for (semi)separable semifunctors and a Maschke-type theorem for separable semifunctors. We provide examples of semifunctors on which we test the properties considered so far.
Approximation by frame-like multiwavelets
Authors: Krivoshein A. V.
Published: February 2024

Approximation properties of multivariate quasi-projection operators [Formula: see text] generated by vectors of compactly supported functions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are studied. Error estimates in [Formula: see text]-norm are obtained for a wide class of such operators. For refinable function vectors [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] quasi-projection operators are related to dual multiwavelet systems. Although the general scheme for the construction of dual multiwavelet frames in the multivariate case is known, its realization in practice is a difficult task because of the necessity of providing some additional properties. The notion of frame-like multiwavelets is a relaxed version of multiwavelet frames. Frame-like multiwavelets retain frame-type decompositions waiving the usual frame condition. This simplifies the problem of frame-like multiwavelets construction. Approximation properties of frame-like multiwavelets are established. Algorithms for constructing frame-like multiwavelets with the desired approximation order are suggested.
Effect of Shape and Size on Synthesized Triple (Co/Ni/Zn)-Doped α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on their Photocatalytic and Scavenging Properties
Authors: Thakur Naveen , Kumar Pankaj
Published: February 2024

Co/Ni/Zn triple doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/Azadirachta indica (A. Indica) leaf extract coating. XRD, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, VSM were used to characterize the synthesized NPs. XRD pattern revealed that the crystallite size of NPs ranges from 14[Formula: see text]nm to 21[Formula: see text]nm. Spherical NPs were found by SEM/TEM examination ranging from 16[Formula: see text]nm to 26[Formula: see text]nm of doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs. Analysis of the magnetic properties of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs revealed antiferromagnetic characteristics, convergence between magnetization curves (MS), and switching field distribution dM/dh below an irreversible temperature of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K. Produced catalyst was used for the degradation of anionic azo dye Malachite green (MG) and Rhodamine blue (RhB) dyes under the influence of UV radiation. RhB and MG were reduced as a result of the doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 catalyzing the conversion of dissolved O2 to hydroxyl radicals (OH) when exposed to visible light. This shows that the main active radical specifically engaged in the photo-catalytic breakdown of dyes is OH. The most effective photo-catalyst was determined by investigating the proposed doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs reusability over three cycles. The catalyst was retrieved and utilized three times after the reaction without suffering a substantial loss of catalytic activity. The plant-mediated [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs have significant antioxidant activity due to their higher phenolic content. These have a promising future with potential applications in health, aging, food preservation, cosmetics, agriculture and environmental protection.
First-order quantum correction of thermodynamics in a charged accelerating AdS black hole with gauge potential
Authors: Ali Riasat , Babar Rimsha , Aounallah Houcine , Övgün Ali
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we study the tunneling radiation from a charged-accelerating AdS black hole with gauge potential under the impact of quantum gravity. Using the semi-classical phenomenon known as the Hamilton–Jacobi ansatz, it is studied that tunneling radiation occurs via the horizon of a black hole and also employs the Lagrangian equation using the generalized uncertainty principle. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of charge, gauge potential, and first order correction parameters on the temperature as well as the stable and unstable states of the black hole. We also compute thermodynamic properties such as entropy, internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, enthalpy, specific heat, and Gibbs free energy under the impact of the correction parameter for the black hole. We calculate the logarithmic modification terms for entropy around the equilibrium state to analyze the impacts of logarithmic correction. In the presence of the correction terms, we also check the validity of the thermodynamics. It examines the graphical representation of the influence of logarithmic correction on the thermodynamic properties of black hole stability as well as charged, accelerating, and gauge potential parameters.
From the classical Frenet–Serret apparatus to the curvature and torsion of quantum-mechanical evolutions. Part II. Nonstationary Hamiltonians
Authors: Alsing Paul M. , Cafaro Carlo
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a geometric perspective on how to quantify the bending and the twisting of quantum curves traced by state vectors evolving under nonstationary Hamiltonians. Specifically, relying on the existing geometric viewpoint for stationary Hamiltonians, we discuss the generalization of our theoretical construct to time-dependent quantum-mechanical scenarios where both time-varying curvature and torsion coefficients play a key role. Specifically, we present a quantum version of the Frenet–Serret apparatus for a quantum trajectory in projective Hilbert space traced out by a parallel-transported pure quantum state evolving unitarily under a time-dependent Hamiltonian specifying the Schrödinger evolution equation. The time-varying curvature coefficient is specified by the magnitude squared of the covariant derivative of the tangent vector [Formula: see text] to the state vector [Formula: see text] and measures the bending of the quantum curve. The time-varying torsion coefficient, instead, is given by the magnitude squared of the projection of the covariant derivative of the tangent vector [Formula: see text] to the state vector [Formula: see text], orthogonal to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and, in addition, measures the twisting of the quantum curve. We find that the time-varying setting exhibits a richer structure from a statistical standpoint. For instance, unlike the time-independent configuration, we find that the notion of generalized variance enters nontrivially in the definition of the torsion of a curve traced out by a quantum state evolving under a nonstationary Hamiltonian. To physically illustrate the significance of our construct, we apply it to an exactly soluble time-dependent two-state Rabi problem specified by a sinusoidal oscillating time-dependent potential. In this context, we show that the analytical expressions for the curvature and torsion coefficients are completely described by only two real three-dimensional vectors, the Bloch vector that specifies the quantum system and the externally applied time-varying magnetic field. Although we show that the torsion is identically zero for an arbitrary time-dependent single-qubit Hamiltonian evolution, we study the temporal behavior of the curvature coefficient in different dynamical scenarios, including off-resonance and on-resonance regimes and, in addition, strong and weak driving configurations. While our formalism applies to pure quantum states in arbitrary dimensions, the analytic derivation of associated curvatures and orbit simulations can become quite involved as the dimension increases. Thus, finally we briefly comment on the possibility of applying our geometric formalism to higher-dimensional qudit systems that evolve unitarily under a general nonstationary Hamiltonian.
A note on generalized weakly ℋ-symmetric manifolds and relativistic applications
Authors: Shenawy Sameh , Turki Nasser Bin , Mantica Carlo
Published: February 2024

In this work, generalized weakly [Formula: see text]-symmetric space-times [Formula: see text] are investigated, where [Formula: see text] is any symmetric [Formula: see text] tensor. It is proved that, in a nontrivial [Formula: see text] space-time, the tensor [Formula: see text] has a perfect fluid form. Accordingly, sufficient conditions for a nontrivial generalized weakly Ricci symmetric space-time [Formula: see text] to be either an Einstein space-time or a perfect fluid space-time are obtained. Also, conditions for space-times admitting either a generalized weakly symmetric energy-momentum tensor or a generalized weakly symmetric [Formula: see text] tensor to be Einstein or perfect fluid space-times are provided.
Finite Element and Design of Experiments Study on Stresses in Impact-Damaged Hourglass Specimens Subjected to Rotating Bending
Authors: Arcieri Emanuele Vincenzo , Baragetti Sergio
Published: February 2024

Residual stresses and stress concentrations induced by impact-damage may shorten the fatigue life and cause premature failure of aeronautical components. Under cyclic loading, fatigue cracks may initiate at the points where high tensile stresses occur and propagate to failure. In this work, an experimentally validated finite element model was used to assess the stress state in impact-damaged 7075-T6 hourglass specimens subjected to rotating bending. In the first simulation step, the finite element method was used to model residual stresses in the specimens for various impact cases, with different masses of impacting objects and impact speeds and angles. In the subsequent simulation step, the damaged specimens were subjected to rotating bending. The total stresses in the impact region were obtained through the superposition of the residual stresses caused by the impact and the stresses due to the rotating bending load. The design of experiments was applied to the obtained finite element results to identify which impact parameters mostly influence the stress distribution in the damaged specimens. The analysis showed that the most significant parameter is the impact speed, followed by the material and the size of the impacting object while the influence of the impact angle is low.
Thermal–Elastic–Magnetic Coupling-Induced Rubbing Behaviors of a Bladed Thin-Walled Rotor with Distributed Magnetic Actuators
Authors: Kou Haijiang , Cao Yang , Lee Heow Pueh , Shi Yuxiang , Du Jiaojiao
Published: February 2024

A bladed thin-walled rotor with magnetic bearings in gas turbines has minimal wear to improve the service life. Especially, the rotor system can actively suppress vibrations. Yet, thermal–elastic–magnetic coupling-induced rubbing features of a bladed thin-walled rotor with magnetic bearings are not clear, and blade rubbing behaviors induced by high temperatures always occur in this kind of rotor. This paper establishes a new bladed thin-walled rotor model with distributed electromagnetic actuators to reduce thermoelastic vibrations and develops a solution approach for obtaining the thermal–elastic–magnetic coupling-induced rubbing characteristics of the rotor. The solution approach is verified, and the effectiveness of the distributed electromagnetic actuator model is demonstrated. The magnetic supports require two differential-control actuators at each position to generate the electromagnetic force, due to irregular concave–convex deformations of the rotor. Thereafter blade rub behaviors for the thin-walled rotor system are revealed. Uniform and smaller thermal deformations of the rotor system with the present actuator model avoid tip rub due to preventing thermal energy concentration. With the proper bearing capacity of a single actuator, an adequate number of actuators are required to ensure stability. The proposed theoretical prototype of the bladed thin-walled rotor with distributed electromagnetic actuators prevents blade rubbing caused by high temperatures. The provided solution approach can evaluate the vibration characteristics of a rotating thin-walled rotor with magnetic supports in the high-temperature environment.
Design of an Overhead Water Tank as a Passive Tuned Damper Using an Innovative Support System Adaptive to Liquid Depth Fluctuation in the Tank
Authors: Konar Tanmoy
Published: February 2024

Difficulty in maintaining tuning due to water depth fluctuation makes overhead water tanks (OWTs) ineffective as tuned liquid or mass dampers. Recently, a semi-active damper involving OWT, that varies the stiffness of the tank-supporting columns with liquid depth variation to maintain the impulsive frequency of the tank constant at a value required for tuning, has been proposed. In this paper, the concept is extended to develop a passive tuned damper involving the OWT (PTD-OWT), which is more reliable, cost-effective, and has a simpler configuration than its semi-active counterpart but achieves the same objective as the latter. For the PTD-OWT, a novel mechanism involving a spring-supported platform, a rigid frame, and tank-supporting columns is developed. The working principle and mathematical model of the PTD-OWT are presented followed by an illustrative design example considering the host building undergoing base excitation. The results revealed that the PTD-OWT remains tuned and thereby performs consistently despite wide variations in water depth in the tank. Significant reductions have been achieved by the PTD-OWT in peak and root-mean-square displacement and acceleration responses of the structure for a variation in liquid depth between 100% full tank to empty tank condition, with the maximum fall in control achieved as only 6.8%. A comparison of PTD-OWT is made with the case when the tank is designed as a conventional passive tuned mass damper (TMD) without the provision for maintaining tuning. The conventional mass damper suffers significant performance degradation as liquid depth fluctuates in the tank.
Computing cohomology groups that classify bundles of strongly self-absorbing C∗-algebras
Authors: Dadarlat Marius , McClure James E. , Pennig Ulrich
Published: February 2024

Locally trivial bundles of [Formula: see text]-algebras with fiber [Formula: see text] for a strongly self-absorbing [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] over a finite CW-complex [Formula: see text] form a group [Formula: see text] that is the first group of a cohomology theory [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we compute these groups by expressing them in terms of ordinary cohomology and connective [Formula: see text]-theory. To compare the [Formula: see text]-algebraic version of [Formula: see text] with its classical counterpart we also develop a uniqueness result for the unit spectrum of complex periodic topological [Formula: see text]-theory.
On boundedness of characteristic classes via quasi-morphisms
Authors: Kawasaki Morimichi , Maruyama Shuhei
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we characterize the second bounded characteristic classes of foliated bundles in terms of the non-descendible quasi-morphisms on the universal covering of the structure group. As an application, we study the boundedness of obstruction classes for (contact) Hamiltonian fibrations and show the non-existence of foliated structures on some Hamiltonian fibrations.
Preparation and photoluminescence study of rare-earth-free red emitting La3Ga5SiO14:Mn4+ phosphors
Authors: Lou Youxin , Yang Yuguo , Yang Zi , Zhu Chaofeng , Zhou Haifeng , Zhao Ping , Wang Xuping
Published: February 2024

Given the growing interest in eco-friendly lighting solutions, the use of high-quality phosphors has become integral to the advancement of all-solid white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). One novel phosphor, La3Ga5SiO[Formula: see text]:Mn[Formula: see text] (LGS), has been successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction. The crystal structure of LGS is classified as belonging to the trigonal phase, with a space group P321. The excitation spectrum exhibits a wide peak within the wavelength range of 280–440 nm. It emits a highly intense red light, with a peak emission occurring at 715 nm within the spectral range of 670–740 nm is attributed to the transition of Mn[Formula: see text] from 4A2g to 4T2g. LGS:Mn[Formula: see text] demonstrates a favorable quantum efficiency of 16% when doped with a concentration of 0.25 mol% Mn. The decay curve of LGS:Mn[Formula: see text] exhibits a pattern of decreasing lifetime as the dopant concentration increases. Additionally, the LGS:Mn[Formula: see text] products demonstrate a CIE chromaticity of (0.688, 0.2644), which is located within the deep red light region. All the aforementioned findings support the potential application of LGS:Mn[Formula: see text] specimens in WLEDs, thereby contributing to the progress of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient lighting.
Ellagic Acid-Gold Nanoparticle Complex as Anticancer Agent in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Unnikrishnan Jyothsna , Hegde Mangala , Girisa Sosmitha , Satpati Priyadarshi , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B.
Published: February 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive sub-type of breast cancer, mainly affecting premenopausal women. As it neither expresses hormone receptors nor overexpresses HER2 receptors, it is difficult to tackle this deadly disease effectively. It is a well-known fact that phytochemicals have remarkable therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of different disorders. One of the well-known phytochemicals, ellagic acid (EA) has shown better efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cancer in many preclinical and clinical settings. Therefore, in this study, ellagic acid gold nanoparticles (EA-AuNp) were synthesized and characterized to passively target TNBC cells through EPR effect. EA-AuNp were prepared using the direct reduction method and characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, EDX, TEM and FT-IR spectra. We found that it significantly suppressed the TNBC cell proliferation (IC[Formula: see text] 12 [Formula: see text]g/ml) compared to EA alone (IC[Formula: see text] 36 [Formula: see text]g/ml). Flow cytometry and live and dead assays revealed that EA-AuNp induced more cell death in TNBC cells compared to EA alone. Further, western blot analysis substantiated that EA-AuNp induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, survivin, caspase 3 and caspase 9. In conclusion, EA-AuNp has high anti-cancer potential and additional preclinical and clinical studies are highly recommended.
THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE JOINT PURCHASE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS: EVIDENCE FROM CALIFORNIA
Authors: FERDOUSEE ATIA
Published: February 2024

Environmentally friendly choices can make more impact when these are taken in combination. For example, purchasing electric vehicles (EV) and solar photovoltaics (PV) simultaneously. Previous studies suggest that although EVs emit fewer pollutants than conventional vehicles, they increase energy consumption, and that usually comes with more environmental damage. Installing solar PV can be a solution by producing energy while reducing our carbon footprints. This study analyzes the factors that influence the joint purchase of EVs and solar PV. The findings show that higher income and higher education levels significantly impact making these choices. The study also reveals that there is a gender gap in this purchase decisions, as nonbinary people show significant negative effects. More specifically, female and nonbinary consumers are less likely to purchase EVs. While considering future decisions, this study finds that higher education and nonbinary gender show similar effects of current choice analysis for future choice analysis. However, women show a positive impact on purchasing EVs but a negative impact on installing solar in the future.
High Potential Electrochemical Synthesis of Thermally Reduced Graphene Nanomaterial
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: February 2024

In this study, we provide electrochemical techniques for synthesizing thermally reduced graphene nanomaterial that have high potential, low defects, cost-effectiveness, and ecological sustainability. The electrochemical exfoliation is carried out by employing a 195 W DC (voltage = 60[Formula: see text]V and current = 3.25 A) power source at a maximum electrolyte temperature of about 92.5∘C within the aqueous suspension of 2[Formula: see text]M of sulfuric acid (H2[Formula: see text]. Thereafter, the synthesized nanomaterial was treated in the weak piranha [combination of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2[Formula: see text]] solution using an electrochemical technique inside the water bath sonicator at 80∘C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows the peak of diffraction to the (002) plane of the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) samples emerges at around 2[Formula: see text] and 26.56∘ with an interplanar distance of 3.40 Å and 3.54 Å. According to the XRD data, after the high-temperature thermal reduction phase, the structure of the crystals and interplanar separation were recovered. The size of the crystallite of RGO produced under H2SO4 conditions was discovered to be greater than the crystallite size of graphene oxide produced under piranha solution conditions. The Raman analysis results show that the degree of disorder of the graphene synthesized within the H2O2 was higher than in comparison to the graphene synthesized in H2SO4. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results show that graphene synthesized in the presence of H2O2 has a thin and porous microstructure in comparison to H2SO4 with no significant effect on the presence of the availability of the C/O ratio. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis indicates that the surface roughness of the graphene synthesized in the H2O2 was higher than that of the H2SO4. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR spectroscopy) analytical results show that the majority of the functional groups have been eliminated within the samples.
The Structural Analysis of Driving Forces to Adaptive Capacity with Climate Change in Iranian Cities (Ahvaz City in Focus)
Authors: MOHAMMADI DEHCHESHMEH Mostafa , GHAEDI Sohrab , SHANBEHPOUR Fereshteh
Published: February 2024

Climate change is an increasing concern for national and local governments around the world. The scope of the wide-ranging consequences of climate change has been shown in all aspects of human life and to different extents in cities and countries. Adaptation is the strategy agreed upon by the global community in facing climate change. This study aims to identify and structural modeling of driving forces of adaptation to climate change in the strategic city of Ahvaz, in southwest Iran. After identifying the factors and indicators through the study of records and a survey of the elite group, analysis and stratification were done using the combined interpretive structural modeling–decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (ISM–DEMATEL) model. Finally, the main driving forces of adapting to climate change in Ahvaz were identified by Mic-Mac structural model. The research findings have shown among the five economic, social, institutional, physical, and technological factors, the economy has known as the most influential factor in adapting to climate change in Ahvaz. Also, among the 44 selected indicators, 10 driving forces were selected among them, and six driving forces, have economic and social backgrounds. Based on cross-impact analysis; the financial support for vulnerable groups, business improvement, alleviation of poverty measures, diversification of economic activities, social cohesion, and social trust in the government were recognized as the main drivers of Ahvaz city’s adaptation to climate change.