bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Aspects of COVID-19
Authors: Doerschug Kevin C. , Schmidt Gregory A.
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that gains entry via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) within airway epithelium. Patients exhibit a spectrum of respiratory symptoms from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. Patient factors including obesity, tobacco use, and black race are all associated with increased ACE2 expression and may contribute to increased complications. Consolidation and ground-glass opacities on chest imaging are typical but not specific for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Venous thromboembolism occurs infrequently when prophylactic anticoagulation is provided. However, capillary microthrombosis is nearly ubiquitous, suggesting that it contributes to hypoxemia. Remdesivir and glucocorticoids may benefit some hospitalized patients. Many of those afflicted remain symptomatic two weeks following diagnosis and continue to require health care. Total lung capacity, diffusion capacity, and maximal oxygen consumption may be reduced for months in some survivors. Lung transplant offers chronically critically ill patients new hope, and this option may have increasing potential for outpatients with COVID-19-associated fibrosis.
Current Approaches in Managing Colonic Serrated Polyps and Serrated Polyposis
Authors: van Toledo David E.F.W.M. , IJspeert Joep E.G. , Dekker Evelien
Published: January 2022

For decades, conventional adenomas were the only known precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accordingly, education and research regarding CRC prevention were mainly focused on adenomas. The groundbreaking discovery that serrated polyps (SPs) also have the potential to develop into CRCs, and seem to account for a considerable proportion of sporadic CRCs, has led to a paradigm shift in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. Studies in recent years have led to our current understanding of SPs and associated CRC, but a lot of work is still to be done to further improve knowledge about this serrated neoplasia pathway and the clinical management of SPs and serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS). In this review, we reflect on the current understanding of SPs with respect to terminology, detection, resection, and surveillance and reflect on the management of SPS.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: New Insights into This Not-So-Rare Condition
Authors: Lewey Jennifer , El Hajj Stephanie C. , Hayes Sharonne N.
Published: January 2022

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI) among young and middle-aged women and is an important cause of pregnancy-associated MI. Over 90% of SCAD patients are women. Compared to patients with MI caused by atherosclerosis, SCAD patients have fewer cardiovascular risk factors but more often have systemic arteriopathy, most commonly fibromuscular dysplasia. Angiographically, SCAD is characterized by the presence of an intramural hematoma with or without an intimal tear. Accurate recognition of characteristic findings on coronary angiography is critical, as there are important differences in the acute and long-term management of MI caused by SCAD versus atherosclerosis. Acutely, most SCAD patients should be managed conservatively, since percutaneous revascularization is associated with more complications and SCAD-affected vessels usually heal without intervention. Randomized clinical trials and other prospective evaluations are needed, especially to clarify optimal treatment and prevention strategies.
Effect of Different Water-Soluble Graphene: (Polystyrene Sulfonate, Titanate Coupling Agent and Glucose)/Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Performance of Magnesium-Air Batteries
Authors: Ma Jingling , Liu Cuiran , Qin Conghui , Jia Xingliang , Zhang Chenfei , Ren Fengzhang , Wang Guangxin
Published: January 2022

Three kinds of water-soluble graphene: (WSG: polystyrene sulfonate, titanate coupling agent and glucose)/reduced graphene oxide were prepared for fabricating magnesium-air batteries with AP65 anode. Corrosion behaviour and discharge performance were investigated. The three kinds of water-soluble graphene added respectively in NaCl solution result in a more negative potential and a lower exchange current density in the potentiodynamic polarization curve of AP65 anode. The comprehensive discharge performance of the magnesium-air battery with the polystyrene sulfonate/reduced graphene oxide (PSS/RGO) is better than other 3 batteries. This is due to non-covalent adsorption of PSS on RGO and π−π interactions formed between PSS and RGO, which prevents graphene from agglomeration. PSS/RGO not only improves the ionic conductivity of solution, but also reduces the anode corrosion. Results of X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy correlate well with the discharge and corrosion performance of AP65 anode in three water-soluble graphene solutions.
Facile Synthesis and Outstanding Supercapacitor Performance of Ternary Nanocomposite of Silver Particles Decorated N/S Dual-Doped Graphene and MoS2 Microspheres Stabilized by Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Ziqing , Wang Xixin , Xu Maodan , Yin Zekun , Tan Xu , Zhao Jianling
Published: January 2022

The ternary nanocomposite of silver particles decorated N/S dual-doped graphene and molybdenum disulfide microspheres (Ag-MoS2/NSG) is prepared by hydrothermal-chemical reduction method with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as additives and graphene oxide, sodium molybdate and silver nitrate as main raw materials. For comparison, the binary composites of Ag-MoS2, Ag-NSG and MoS2/NSG are also prepared and discussed. In addition, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of GQDs are studied, and the dynamic analysis of Ag-MoS2/NSG is also carried out. Results show that the ternary composite of Ag, MoS2 and NSG can effectively prevent the lamellar superposition and agglomeration of graphene, which effectively improves the specific surface area and conductive properties of the composite. The specific capacitance of Ag-MoS2/NSG is 1124.3 F·g−1 at 10 mV·s−1, and the specific capacitance retention is 95.2% after 10000 constant current charge/discharge loops. The asymmetric button supercapacitor device assembled with NSG and Ag-MoS2/NSG has a maximum energy density of 82.5 Wh·kg−1 (900 W·kg−1).
Low Temperature Electrochemical Extraction of Rare Earth Metals From Lignite Coal: An Environmentally Benign and Energy Efficient Method
Authors: Thakare Jivan , Masud Jahangir
Published: January 2022

Rare earth elements (REEs) extraction via conventional technologies is exceedingly energy and environmentally intensive. New efficient and sustainable technologies for REE extraction from primary and secondary resources would be extremely beneficial. This research demonstrated a novel low-temperature electrochemical extraction process for extracting REEs from lignite coal ash (LCA) solutions. The LCA contained 17 different REEs with a concentration ranging from 13 to 1645 ppm. The LCA solution mixed with ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMITF) was used for extracting REEs at different electrochemical potentials. The ICP-MS analysis confirmed an overall 26% REEs recovery from the LCA solution with 16 out of the 17 REEs successfully extracted from the LCA solution. This study shows an environmentally benign and energy-efficient REE extraction process that is suitable for coal and coal byproducts.
Change the medium, change the message: creativity is key to battle misinformation
Authors: Benjamin Kayla A. , McLean Sarah
Published: January 2022

Marshall McLuhan’s groundbreaking work regarding the role of context and medium in communication is very relevant today. By limiting the medium of science communication to dense, jargon-rich academic journals, we restrict the impact of discovery to the scientific community. We are also allowing the propagation of misinformation, as the nonexpert is forced to resource unreliable media to answer their scientific queries. To compete with pseudoscience, we need to improve science literacy and make science accessible through the same media on which pseudoscience thrives. As scientists and educators, we believe it is our responsibility to reconceptualize science literacy as a lifelong process and take greater accountability over the future of science communication. We hypothesize that increasing the accessibility of scientific literature to the public through adopting mainstream media forms and increasing access to informal science education (ISE) opportunities will decrease the proliferation of pseudoscience. To accomplish this, we propose eight recommendations housed under three action areas: 1) modify undergraduate science education by increasing opportunities for informal science communication, 2) increase accessibility to informal science education, and 3) bridge the gap between formal and informal science learning opportunities.
Impact of aging on the work of breathing during exercise in healthy men
Authors: Weavil Joshua C. , Thurston Taylor S. , Hureau Thomas J. , Gifford Jayson R. , Aminizadeh Soheil , Wan Hsuan-Yu , Jenkinson Robert H. , Amann Markus
Published: January 2022

This study evaluated the impact of aging on the work of breathing ( Wb) during locomotor exercise evoking similar ventilatory rates, metabolic rates, and operating lung volumes in young and older individuals. Mainly because of a greater inspiratory elastic and resistive Wb in older participants, total Wb was higher during exercise at any given ventilatory and metabolic rate with aging. However, this age-related difference was abolished during exercise evoking similar operating lung volumes in both age groups. These findings highlight the significance of lung volumes in determining the age-related difference in total Wb.
Effect of respiratory rate and size of cannula on pressure and dead-space clearance during nasal high flow in patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure
Authors: Pinkham Maximilian I. , Domanski Ulrike , Franke Karl-Josef , Hartmann Justus , Schroeder Maik , Williams Tony , Nilius Georg , Tatkov Stanislav
Published: January 2022

During nasal high flow (NHF) an increased breathing frequency, which is commonly observed in acute respiratory failure, can lead to decreased dead-space clearance. Higher NHF rates increase the clearance and reduce the rebreathing which may eventually lower the respiratory rate and the work of breathing. Monitoring of the respiratory rate could be an important indicator of not only the respiratory function but also the NHF rate selection and the therapy efficacy.
Expression of Hypersensitive Troponin I and Soluble ST2 in Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Wang Lei , Chen Jing , Qi Hongna , Ma Guoying , Wang Weizhan
Published: January 2022

The role of soluble growth stimulating gene 2 protein and highly sensitive cardiac troponin in the diagnosis of early myocardial injury caused by acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning was studied. 171 inpatients with AOPP were divided into three experimental groups according to their mild, moderate, and severe conditions. 20 healthy people were selected as the control group. The levels of cTnI, HS-CTNI, NT proBNP, and ST2 were measured at the 4th and 12th hours after the experiment. The measured data were expressed by mean standard deviation. The independent sample

t

-test was used for the detection between the two groups, and one-way ANOVA was used for the analysis and comparison between multiple groups. The relevant data were analyzed by Spearman correlation test (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of cTnI and HS cTnI in the experimental group increased with the extension of time and the deepening of poisoning degree; four hours after admission, ST2 and NT proBNP water in the control group and the experimental group increased significantly on average. According to the analysis of the data, there was a positive correlation between HS TnI and ST2 in patients with AOPP (

r
=
0.938

,

P
<
0.001

,

r
=
0.827

,

P
<
0.001

). The more serious the disease, the higher the concentrations of HS TnI and ST2, and the more serious the myocardial injury.
Serum Levels of VWF, t-PA, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 in Patients Receiving Hemocoagulase Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma during Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Huang Yaobin , Zhou Bin , Zhang De , Chen Yu
Published: January 2022

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effect of hemocoagulase combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in total hip replacement (THR) on reducing bleeding and improving knee joint function in the patients with osteoarthritis. Methods. From February 2018 to February 2020, 80 osteoarthritis patients undergoing THR were included in the study, of which 40 cases were treated with PRP and hemocoagulase (test group) in the joint capsule in THR and the other 40 cases received saline and thrombin in the joint capsule after THR (control group). Postoperative drainage and corresponding functional exercise were performed for the two groups 12 hours after operation. The outcome measures including operation time, soft-tissue release, blood routine, drainage volume, perioperative blood loss, postoperative incision inflammation, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and range of motion (ROM) of the joint were recorded. Results. The hemoglobin and hematocrit values of the test group on the second postoperative day were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative drainage volume and perioperative blood loss were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The test group was better than the control group in the ROM of the joint at 7 and 15 days after the operation (P<0.05). A lower value of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was revealed in the test group compared with the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative soft-tissue release, postoperative incision inflammation, incidence of DVT, incidence of deep infection, and ROM at day 90 after THR was found in the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions. The application of hemocoagulase combined with PRP in THR can reduce perioperative blood loss, increase wound healing speed and quality, and improve coagulation and immune function. It is a safe and effective method for the patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent THR.
Evaluation of Regional Ecological Efficiency and Intelligent Decision Support for Sustainable Development Based on Environmental Big Data
Authors: Shi Lelai , Zhou Jing , Zhou Xingchi
Published: January 2022

To promote urbanization in the next stage, it is of great significance to explore the ecological efficiency of green ecological regions and advance the sustainable development of a social economic system. However, spatial heterogeneity has not been fully considered in the existing evaluation models or methods for regional ecological efficiency (REE), and the corresponding decisions on sustainable development are not the optimal solutions. To solve the problems, this paper explores the evaluation of REE and intelligent decision support for sustainable development by analyzing environmental big data. Firstly, the spatiotemporal evolution of REE was examined based on environmental big data to clarify the spatial layout of REE and the sources of the spatial differences. Next, a multiobjective optimal decision-making model was established for the sustainable development of a regional ecosystem, and the solving method was presented for the model. The proposed model was proved valid through experiments.
Effective Key Region-Guided Face Detail Optimization Algorithm for 3D Face Reconstruction
Authors: Xiao Meihua , Yi Hanxiao , Huang Ying , Luo Guoliang , Xiao Qian
Published: January 2022

Low-cost and highly efficient 3D face reconstruction is a significant technique for developing virtual interaction applications. While the Kinect, a typical low-cost 3D data collection device, has been widely used in many applications, in this work, we propose a highly efficient 3D face point cloud optimization method for face reconstruction based on Kinect. Based on the different characteristics of the Kinect point cloud, diverse optimization strategies were delicately applied to improve the reconstruction quality. Our extensive experiments clearly show that our approach outperforms traditional approaches in terms of accuracy.
Research on Optimization Model of Multisource Traffic Information Collection Combination Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Guo Jianwei , Lv Yongbo
Published: January 2022

In order to reduce the excessive use of multisource traffic information collection system, a multisource traffic information collection combination optimization mode is proposed based on genetic algorithm in this paper. This model is mainly used to analyze the traffic management data in the city. According to the collected data information, the characteristics of the traffic equipment can be effectively analyzed. Basing on the market demand and supply relationship, the multisource traffic information collection combination optimization model is used to complete the reorganization and optimization of the traffic information in this paper, to acquire the main convolution feature variables of the model. The data information combination processing is performed according to the acquired feature variables, and the genetic algorithm is used to adjust the multisource traffic information. During the process of information fusion data analysis, the multisource traffic information clustering and fuzzy constraint control can be performed effectively to realize the optimization of the team’s traffic information collection combination. Finally, the simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is more accurate in realizing the optimization process of multisource traffic information collection and combination and has a better degree of information fusion.
Preliminary Results of Shake Table Tests of a Typical Museum Display Case Containing an Art Object
Authors: Prota Andrea , Zito Martino , D’Angela Danilo , Toscano Giuseppe , Ceraldi Carla , Fiorillo Antimo , Magliulo Gennaro
Published: January 2022

The seismic response of freestanding elements is typically extremely critical, and this is associated with a high seismic risk in the case of museum objects and artefacts. This paper reports the preliminary results of an experimental testing campaign aimed at assessing the dynamic properties and the seismic performance of museum objects and artefacts. Shake table tests of a typical museum display case containing a representative art object (vase) are performed. Both dynamic properties and seismic behavior of the specimens were assessed. Tentative damage assessment correlations are developed. The study sheds light on the critical behavior of the tested specimens, stressing the need for further studies towards a more comprehensive assessment of freestanding museum objects and artefacts.
A Novel Deep Learning‐Based Black Fungus Disease Identification Using Modified Hybrid Learning Methodology
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Ramkumar G. , Aravindkumar S. , Tamilselvi M. , Ramesh S , Ranjith A.
Published: January 2022

Currently, countries across the world are suffering from a prominent viral infection called COVID‐19. Most countries are still facing several issues due to this disease, which has resulted in several fatalities. The first COVID‐19 wave caused devastation across the world owing to its virulence and led to a massive loss in human lives, impacting the country’s economy drastically. A dangerous disease called mucormycosis was discovered worldwide during the second COVID‐19 wave, in 2021, which lasted from April to July. The mucormycosis disease is commonly known as “black fungus,” which belongs to the fungus family Mucorales. It is usually a rare disease, but the level of destruction caused by the disease is vast and unpredictable. This disease mainly targets people already suffering from other diseases and consuming heavy medication to counter the disease they are suffering from. This is because of the reduction in antibodies in the affected people. Therefore, the patient’s body does not have the ability to act against fungus‐oriented infections. This black fungus is more commonly identified in patients with coronavirus disease in certain country. The condition frequently manifests on skin, but it can also harm organs such as eyes and brain. This study intends to design a modified neural network logic for an artificial intelligence (AI) strategy with learning principles, called a hybrid learning‐based neural network classifier (HLNNC). The proposed method is based on well‐known techniques such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM). This article discusses a dataset containing several eye photographs of patients with and without black fungus infection. These images were collected from the real‐time records of people afflicted with COVID followed by the black fungus. This proposed HLNNC scheme identifies the black fungus disease based on the following image processing procedures: image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification; these procedures were performed considering the dataset training and testing principles with proper performance analysis. The results of the procedure are provided in a graphical format with the precise specification, and the efficacy of the proposed method is established.
Correlation of Serum C‐Peptide, Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1, and NLRP3 Inflammasome‐Related Inflammatory Factor Interleukin‐1β after Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Ma Chunli , Yang Lei , Wang Lihua
Published: January 2022

Objective. To explore the correlation of serum c‐peptide, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), and NLRP3 inflammasome‐related inflammatory factor interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) after brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods. A total of 72 CSVD patients treated in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the case group and another 72 patients who presented cerebrovascular risk factors but obtained normal brain MRI examination result in the same period were selected as the control group. The serum specimen of patients in the two groups were collected, their serum c‐peptide levels were measured by radio immunoassay, and their serum sICAM‐1 and NLRP3 inflammasome‐related inflammatory factor IL‐1β were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), so as to analyze the correlation between these indicators and CSVD. Results. Compared with the control group, the level values of serum c‐peptide, sICAM‐1, and IL‐1β were significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.001), with CSVD being the dependent variable, and age, smoking, uric acid, history of stroke, serum c‐peptide, sICAM‐1, and IL‐1β being the independent variables. A logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the result showed that age, smoking, serum c‐peptide, sICAM‐1, and IL‐1β were the risk factors for CSVD, and by drawing the ROC curves, it could be concluded that the area under sICAM‐1 curve was larger than that of other single indicator. Conclusion. Elevation of level values of serum c‐peptide, sICAM‐1, and NLRP3 inflammasome‐related inflammatory factor IL‐1β is correlative with CSVD, and age, smoking, serum c‐peptide, sICAM‐1, and IL‐1β are the independent risk factors for CSVD.
The Impact of Air Quality on Cardiovascular Disease in Shanghai
Authors: Lu Kai , Kang Jiancheng , Wang Guodong
Published: January 2022

Air pollution is an important factor threatening human health. Inhalation of pollutants can cause damage to the cardiovascular system, leading to increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This paper selects six pollution factors stipulated by the national air quality standards, collects the air quality index data of Shanghai from 2014 to 2017 and the emergency data of cardiovascular disease in a tertiary hospital in the city during the same period, and conducts relevant analysis to explore different air quality conditions, characteristics, and the relationship between pollutants and cardiovascular disease visits. The results show that the seasonal changes of major air pollutants are related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
An Inertial Sensing-Based Approach to Swimming Pose Recognition and Data Analysis
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Lee Somi
Published: January 2022

In this paper, inertial sensing is used to identify a swimming stance and analyze its swimming stance data. A wireless monitoring device based on a nine-axis microinertial sensor is designed for the characteristics of swimming motion, and measurement experiments are conducted for different intensities and stances of swimming motion. By comparing and analyzing the motion characteristics of various swimming stances, the basis for performing stroke identification is proposed, and the monitoring data characteristics of the experimental results match with it. The stance reconstruction technology is studied, PC-based OpenGL multithreaded data synchronization and stance following reconstruction are designed to reconstruct the joint association data of multiple nodes in a constrained set, and the reconstruction results are displayed through graphic image rendering. For the whole system, each key technology is organically integrated to design a wearable wireless sensing network-based pose resolution analysis and reconstruction recognition system. Inertial sensors inevitably suffer from drift after a long period of position trajectory tracking. The proposed fusion algorithm corrects the drift of position estimation using the measurement of the visual sensor, and the measurement of the inertial sensor complements the missing measurement of the visual sensor for the case of occlusion of the visual sensor and fast movement of the upper limb. An experimental platform for upper-limb position estimation based on the fusion of inertial and visual sensors is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the full paper is summarized, and an outlook for further research is provided.
Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Rituximab in Previously Untreated Patients with CD20+ Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma or Follicular Lymphoma: Results from an Italian Phase IIIb Study
Authors: Petrini Mario , Gaidano Gianluca , Mengarelli Andrea , Consoli Ugo , Santoro Armando , Liberati Anna Maria , Ladetto Marco , Fraticelli Vincenzo , Guarini Attilio , Mannina Donato , Ferrando Paola , Corradini Paolo , Musto Pellegrino , Stelitano Caterina , Marino Dario , Camera Andrea , Murineddu Marco , Battistini Roberta , Caparrotti Giuseppe , Turrini Mauro , Arcaini Luca , Santini Simone , Cerqueti Manuela , Ferreri Andres J. M. , Cantore Nicola , Inzoli Alessandro , Cardinale Giovanni , Ronci Benedetto , La Nasa Giorgio , Massimi Stefano , Gaglione Gianfranco , Barbiero Valentina , Martelli Maurizio
Published: January 2022

Subcutaneous (SC) rituximab may be beneficial in terms of convenience and tolerability, with potentially fewer and less severe administration-related reactions (ARRs) compared to the intravenous (IV) form. This report presents the results of a phase IIIb study conducted in Italy. The study included adult patients with CD20+ DLBCL or FL having received at least one full dose of IV RTX 375 mg/m2 during induction or maintenance. Patients on induction received ≥4 cycles of RTX SC 1400 mg plus standard chemotherapy and FL patients on maintenance received ≥6 cycles of RTX SC. Overall, 159 patients (73 DLBCL, 86 FL) were enrolled: 103 (54 DLBCL, 49 FL) completed induction and 42 patients with FL completed 12 maintenance cycles. ARRs were reported in 10 patients (6.3%), 3 (4.2%) with DLBCL and 7 (8.1%) with FL, all of mild severity, and resolved without dose delay/discontinuation. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious adverse events occurred in 41 (25.9%) and 14 patients (8.9%), respectively. Two patients with DLBCL had fatal events: Klebsiella infection (related to rituximab) and septic shock (related to chemotherapy). Neutropenia (14 patients, 8.9%) was the most common treatment-related TEAE. Two patients with DLBCL (2.8%) and 6 with FL (7.0%) discontinued rituximab due to TEAEs. 65.2% and 69.7% of patients with DLBCL and 67.9% and 73.6% of patients with FL had complete response (CR) and CR unconfirmed, respectively. The median time to events (EFS, PFS, and OS) was not estimable due to the low rate of events. At a median follow-up of 29.5 and 47.8 months in patients with DLBCL and FL, respectively, EFS, PFS, and OS were 70.8%, 70.8%, and 80.6% in patients with DLBCL and 77.9%, 77.9%, and 95.3% in patients with FL, respectively. The switch from IV to SC rituximab in patients with DLBCL and FL was associated with low risk of ARRs and satisfactory response in both groups. This trial was registered with NCT01987505.
Invention and Clinical Application of an Oversleeve for Measuring Limb Volume in Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Yuan Yujuan , Chen Jia , Wang Yadong
Published: January 2022

Background. Lymphedema is a common complication of breast cancer treatment, affecting 1/5 of breast cancer survivors, but there is no reliable way to detect subclinical lymphedema. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and reliability of using an oversleeve as a postoperative limb volume measurement tool in breast cancer patients. Methods. Fifty patients were analyzed based on inclusion criteria. A body volume measurement kit was designed based on the drainage volume method and the circumference measurement method. Twenty-two normal healthy people were measured by the drainage volume (LV) and oversleeve measuring limb volume (OMLV) methods, so as to verify the accuracy of OMLV. Twenty-eight patients with lymphedema diagnosed by the circumdiameter measurement (CDM) method were measured with OMLV for comparison. The difference in measurements between OMLV and CDM was compared in 50 patients with early lymphedema diagnosed by the LV method. Results. There was no significant difference between the sleeve method and the drainage volume method in the normal population (

P
=
0.74

). All patients with lymphedema diagnosed by CDM met the diagnostic criteria by the OMLV method. In patients with early lymphedema diagnosed by LV, the diagnostic rate with OMLV was significantly higher than that with CDM (

P
=
0.008

). Conclusion. Similar to LV in the diagnosis of lymphedema, OMLV can effectively improve the diagnostic rate of early lymphedema, providing a new option for the diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema.
Global Stability Analysis and Parameter Estimation for a Diphtheria Model: A Case Study of an Epidemic in Rohingya Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Zahurul , Ahmed Shohel , Rahman M. M. , Karim M. F. , Amin M. R.
Published: January 2022

In this article, we have developed a deterministic Susceptible-Latent-Infectious-Recovered (SLIR) model for diphtheria outbreaks. Here, we have studied a case of the diphtheria outbreak in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh to trace the disease dynamics and find out the peak value of the infection. Both analytical and numerical investigations have been performed on the model to find several remarkable behaviors like the positive and bounded solution, basic reproductive ratio, and equilibria such as disease extinction equilibrium and disease persistence equilibrium which are characterized depending on the basic reproductive ratio and global stability of the model using Lyapunov function for both equilibria. Parameter estimation has been performed to determine the values of the parameter from the daily case data using numerical technique and determined the value of the basic reproductive number for the outbreak as

R

0

=
5.86

.
A Study on the Construction and Utilization of Korean Prehistoric Remains Database
Authors: Choi Heesoo , Hong Jong Youl , Kim Sangheon , Rim Kwangcheol
Published: January 2022

The excavation of the prehistoric sites in Korea has been on since the Japanese colonial period. However, it was only after the 1970s that it was undertaken in earnest. Many excavation research institutes, including state agencies, are still conducting excavation research. However, the excavation report, which summarizes the findings, is not serviced on an integrated platform. As a result, acquisition of integrated knowledge and research on Korea's prehistoric remains are not properly facilitated. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a database of prehistoric remains. This requires considering the characteristics of archeological excavation work and the specificity of publishing excavation reports. It is desirable to design and build database (DB) tables for excavation reports of relics and ruins, multimedia, and excavation investigations, by focusing on the DB table for prehistoric remains. Once the database is established, it will help expand cultural heritage information services through tools, such as electronic maps or the Internet of Things.
Research on Multifeature Intelligent Correction of Spoken English
Authors: Luo Yanyan
Published: January 2022

For a long time, college English teaching in many Chinese universities has focused on cultivating students’ reading abilities while ignoring the cultivation of students’ speaking abilities, leaving many non-English majors unable to communicate in English even after years of English study. This paper outlines the entire design and development process for an intelligent correction system for spoken English, with a focus on the methods for implementing the functions of spoken English examination, question bank management, and marking. A multifeature fusion of SE (sample entropy) and MFCC (Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient) based speech emotion recognition method is proposed. It denotes the rate at which the SE nonlinear dynamic system generates new data. It can be used to describe the dynamic fluctuation of speech signals in response to various emotions. To process SE and its statistics, as well as MFCC, and calculate the probability that they belong to one of six emotions, the support vector machine is used. The spoken English recognition algorithm described in this paper has obvious performance improvements in many indicators, according to the experimental evaluation.
An Abdominal Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Revealing Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Baba Zineb , Mougui Ahmed , El Bouchti Imane
Published: January 2022

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a vasculitis with multisystemic manifestations. Articular involvement is frequent and benign whereas vascular complications are rare but serious and can form the onset of the disease. The assessment of the thickness of the common femoral vein wall is a new tool for the diagnosis of BD with good sensitivity and specificity. We report the case of a 52-year-old man diagnosed with BD revealed by an abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm and a chronic monoarthritis. The first flare-up of BD can occur in men over 50 years of age. In a context of a multisystemic disease, lumbar pain should lead to the search of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The assessment of the thickness of the common femoral vein wall is accessible and should be used especially in challenging cases.
Scrapie-Responsive Gene 1 Promotes Chondrogenic Differentiation of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Wnt5a
Authors: Zhou Yuchuan , Zheng Tian , Li Lin , Guo Yangfang , Xiao Jiayu , Wang Jin , Du Zhiqin , Gao Hui , Tang Weiwei , Yang Liusan , Hu Haiyan , Wang Xiaodan , Meng Mingyao , Hou Zongliu
Published: January 2022

Objective. Repair of cartilage defects, a common condition resulting from many factors, is still a great challenge. Based on their chondrogenic differentiation ability, mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based cartilage regeneration is a promising approach for cartilage defect repair. However, MSC differentiation into chondroblasts or related cell lineages is elaborately controlled by stem cell differentiation stage factors and affected by an array of bioactive elements, which may impede the efficient production of target cells. Thus, identifying a single transcription factor to promote chondrogenic differentiation is critical. Herein, we explored the mechanism by which scrapie-responsive gene 1 (SCRG1), a candidate gene for cartilage regeneration promotion, regulates chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Methods. Expression of SCRG1 was detected in umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis during chondrogenic differentiation. The function of SCRG1 in chondrogenic potential was evaluated after gene knockdown or overexpression by lentiviral vectors. Finally, a rabbit cartilage defect model was established to evaluate the effect of SCRG1 on cartilage repair in vivo. Results. Expression of SCRG1 was upregulated during in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of UCMSCs. SCRG1 knockdown inhibited chondrogenic differentiation of UCMSCs, while SCRG1 overexpression promoted chondrogenic differentiation of UCMSCs in vitro. In addition, UCMSC overexpressing SCRG1 promoted cartilage repair in vivo. Mechanistically, SCRG1 promoted chondrogenic differentiation via upregulation of Wnt5a expression and subsequent inhibition of β-catenin. Conclusion. Our results showed that SCRG1 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of UCMSCs by inhibiting canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling through Wnt5a. Our findings provide a future target for chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage regeneration.
An Insight into Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Agents for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Qureshi Zunaira , Ali Murtaza Najabat , Khalid Minahil
Published: January 2022

Diabetes is the 4th most common disease affecting the world’s population. It is accompanied by many complications that deteriorate the quality of life. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the debilitating consequences of diabetes that effects one-third of diabetic patients. Unfortunately, there is no internationally recommended drug that directly hinders the pathological mechanisms that result in painful diabetic neuropathy. Clinical studies have shown that anticonvulsant and antidepressant therapies have proven fruitful in management of pain associated with PDN. Currently, the FDA approved medications for painful diabetic neuropathies include duloxetine, pregabalin, tapentadol extended release, and capsaicin (for foot PDN only). The FDA has also approved the use of spinal cord stimulation system for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy pain. The drugs recommended by other regulatory bodies include gabapentin, amitriptyline, dextromethorphan, tramadol, venlafaxine, sodium valproate, and 5 % lidocaine patch. These drugs are only partially effective and have adverse effects associated with their use. Treating painful symptoms in diabetic patient can be frustrating not only for the patients but also for health care workers, so additional clinical trials for novel and conventional treatments are required to devise more effective treatment for PDN with minimal side effects. This review gives an insight on the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PDN and the potential pharmacotherapeutic agents. This will be followed by an overview on the FDA-approved drugs for PDN and commercially available topical analgesic and their effects on painful diabetic neuropathies.
Survival of Adolescents and Young Adults with Prevalent Poor-Prognosis Metastatic Cancers: A Population-Based Study of Contemporary Patterns and Their Implications
Authors: Sheth Bhutada Jessica K. , Hwang Amie E. , Liu Lihua , Tsai Kai-Ya , Deapen Dennis , Freyer David R.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Although survival has improved dramatically for most adolescents and young adults (AYA; 15–39 years old) with cancer, it remains poor for those presenting with metastatic disease. To better characterize this subset, we conducted a landscape survival comparison with older adults (40–79 years).

Methods:

Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data from 2000 to 2016, we examined incident cases of poor-prognosis metastatic cancers (5-year survival < 50%) among AYAs (n = 11,518) and older adults (n = 345,681) and compared cause-specific survival by sociodemographic characteristics (race/ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status). Adjusted HRs (aHR) for death from metastatic disease [95% confidence intervals (95% CI)] were compared between AYAs and older adults (Pint).

Results:

AYAs had significantly better survival than older adults for every cancer site except kidney, where it was equivalent (range of aHRs = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.82–1.02 for kidney cancer to aHR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.26–0.42 for rhabdomyosarcoma). Compared with their older adult counterparts, greater survival disparities existed for AYAs who were non-Hispanic Black with uterine cancer (aHR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.25–3.86 versus aHR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.28–1.54; Pint = 0.049) and kidney cancer (aHR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15–1.98 versus aHR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.17; Pint = 0.04); non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders with ovarian cancer (aHR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.12–1.93 versus aHR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84–0.95; Pint<0.001); and males with colorectal cancer (aHR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10–1.32 versus aHR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06–1.10; Pint = 0.045).

Conclusions:

AYAs diagnosed with these metastatic cancers have better survival than older adults, but outcomes remain dismal.

Impact:

Overcoming the impact of metastasis in these cancers is necessary for continuing progress in AYA oncology. Sociodemographic disparities affecting AYAs within kidney, uterine, ovarian, and colorectal cancer could indicate plausible effects of biology, environment, and/or access and should be explored.
Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Colon Cancer Risk in Men: A Nested Case–Control Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harbs Justin , Rinaldi Sabina , Gicquiau Audrey , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Mori Nagisa , Liu Xijia , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Agnoli Claudia , Tumino Rosario , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Crous-Bou Marta , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Aizpurua Amaia , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Gurrea Aurelio Barricarte , Travis Ruth C. , Watts Eleanor L. , Christakoudi Sofia , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Gunter Marc J. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Murphy Neil , Harlid Sophia
Published: January 2022

Background:

Endogenous sex hormones may contribute to higher colorectal cancer incidence rates in men compared with women, but despite an increased number of studies, clear evidence is lacking.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive nested case–control study of circulating concentrations of sex hormones, sex hormone precursors, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in relation to subsequent colon cancer risk in European men. Concentrations were measured using liquid LC/MS-MS in prospectively collected plasma samples from 690 cases and 690 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of previous studies on men.

Results:

Circulating levels of testosterone (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.89) and SHBG (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.96) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. For free testosterone, there was a nonsignificant inverse association (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58–1.18). In a dose–response meta-analysis of endogenous sex hormone levels, inverse associations with colorectal/colon cancer risk were found for testosterone [relative risks (RR) per 100 ng/dL = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00; I2 = 22%] and free testosterone (RR per 1 ng/dL = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00; I2 = 0%).

Conclusions:

Our results provide suggestive evidence for the association between testosterone, SHBG, and male colon cancer development.

Impact:

Additional support for the involvement of sex hormones in male colon cancer.
Sleep Duration, Chronotype, and Insomnia and the Risk of Lung Cancer: United Kingdom Biobank Cohort
Authors: Peeri Noah C. , Tao Meng-Hua , Demissie Serkalem , Nguyen Uyen-Sa D.T.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Relationships between sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, and lung cancer risk have not been comprehensively examined. Interrelations between sleep traits on the risk of lung cancer have not been assessed. We aimed to examine sleep traits with lung cancer risk.

Methods:

Participants were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed through November 30, 2020. We included 382,966 participants (3,664 incident lung cancer) in analysis. Cox proportional hazards models estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia symptoms and lung cancer risk. Joint effects analyses were examined between sleep duration and three traits (chronotype, insomnia, and daytime napping). Nonlinear associations between sleep duration and lung cancer risk were assessed in restricted cubic spline analysis.

Results:

Longer sleep (>8 hours) was positively associated with lung cancer risk compared with normal sleep duration (7–8 hours; HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10–1.36). Frequent insomnia symptoms increased the risk of lung cancer compared with never/rarely experiencing symptoms (HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.28). Joint effects between sleep duration and chronotype, and sleep duration and insomnia symptoms were observed. In analysis excluding participants reporting shift work at baseline, evening chronotypes (“slight,” “definite”) were at a greater risk of lung cancer compared with definite morning chronotype (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06–1.28 and HR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21–1.54, respectively).

Conclusions:

Sleep traits such as long sleep duration, frequent insomnia symptoms, and definite evening chronotype may be risk factors for lung cancer. Joint effects should be further investigated.

Impact:

Sleep traits may be risk factors of lung cancer.
Tumor Targeting with Bacterial Shiga Toxin B Subunit in Genetic Porcine Models for Colorectal Cancer and Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ehrenfeld Maximilian , Schrade Anna , Flisikowska Tatiana , Perl Markus , Hirsch Noah-David , Sichler Anna , Geyer Laura , Flisikowski Krzysztof , Wilhelm Dirk , Schober Sebastian Johannes , Johannes Ludger , Schnieke Angelika , Janssen Klaus-Peter
Published: January 2022

The B subunit of bacterial Shiga toxin (STxB) is nontoxic and has low immunogenicity. Its receptor, the glycosphingolipid Gb3/CD77, is overexpressed on the cell surface of human colorectal cancer. We tested whether genetic porcine models, closely resembling human anatomy and pathophysiology, can be used to exploit the tumor-targeting potential of STxB. In accordance with findings on human colorectal cancer, the pig model APC1311 bound STxB in colorectal tumors, but not in normal colon or jejunum, except for putative enteroendocrine cells. In primary tumor cells from endoscopic biopsies, STxB was rapidly taken up along the retrograde intracellular route to the Golgi, whereas normal colon organoids did not bind or internalize STxB. Next, we tested a porcine model (TP53LSL-R167H) for osteosarcoma, a tumor entity with a dismal prognosis and insufficient treatment options, hitherto not known to express Gb3. Pig osteosarcoma strongly bound StxB and expressed the Gb3 synthase 1,4-galactosyltransferase (A4GALT). Primary osteosarcoma cells, but not normal osteoblasts, rapidly internalized fluorescently labeled STxB along the retrograde route to the Golgi. Importantly, six of eight human osteosarcoma cell lines expressed A4GALT mRNA and showed prominent intracellular uptake of STxB. The physiologic role of A4GALT was tested by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in porcine LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cells and RNAi in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. A4GALT deficiency or knockdown abolished STxB uptake and led to significantly reduced cell migration and proliferation, hinting toward a putative tumor-promoting role of Gb3. Thus, pig models are suitable tools for STxB-based tumor targeting and may allow “reverse-translational” predictions on human tumor biology.