bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Masses in Supersymmetric Models with R-Symmetry
Authors: Rodriguez Marcos Cardoso , Vancea Ion Vasile
Published: November 2023

In this article, we give a brief review of the origin of the neutrino mass in some interesting non-linear supersymmetric models with R-symmetry. These models are able to address and solve the most important problems of particle physics and provide mechanisms for neutrino mass generation and their mixing parameters in agreement with the current experimental data. Their prediction could be experimentally tested in the near future by collider experiments.
Pathotypes and Phenotypic Resistance to Antimicrobials of Escherichia coli Isolates from One-Day-Old Chickens
Authors: Nedbalcova Katerina , Bzdil Jaroslav , Papouskova Aneta , Zouharova Monika , Matiaskova Katarina , Stastny Kamil , Sladecek Vladimir , Senk David , Petr Matej , Stolar Petr
Published: November 2023

The aim of this work was to describe the pathotypes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from one-day-old chickens, as well as the occurrence of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) in these strains. A total of 429 mixed swabs from 4290 one-day-old chicks were examined between August 2021 and July 2023 (24 months) during routine point-of-destination inspections at 12 poultry farms in the Czech Republic. All samples were processed via cultivation methods using meat-peptone blood agar and Mc Conkey agar under aerobic conditions at 37 ± 1 °C for 18–24 h. The identification of the strains was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All confirmed strains of E. coli were screened via single or multiplex PCRs for the presence of genes encoding the virulence-associated factors iroN, cvaC, iss, felA, iutA, frz and tsh. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, focusing on ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. A total of 321 E. coli strains (prevalence of 74.8%) were isolated, and 300 isolates were defined as avian pathogenic strains of E. coli (APEC) via multiplex PCR. Based on the defined virulence genes, the isolates were classified into 31 pathotypes. A total of 15.9% of the tested isolates were susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials. On the other hand, 20.5% of the isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (8.7% of isolates were resistant to three antimicrobials, 7.3% to four antimicrobials, 3.6% to five antimicrobials and 0.9% to six antimicrobials). Monitoring pathogenic strains of E. coli in different animals and in the environment makes it possible to understand their spread in animal and human populations and, at the same time, reveal the sources of virulence and resistance genes.
Genome Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Reveals International High-Risk Pandemic MDR Clones Emerging in Tertiary Healthcare Settings in Uganda
Authors: Byarugaba Denis K. , Erima Bernard , Wokorach Godfrey , Alafi Stephen , Kibuuka Hannah , Mworozi Edison , Najjuka Florence , Kiyengo James , Musinguzi Ambrose K. , Wabwire-Mangen Fred
Published: November 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a threat to public health due to its continued evolution. In this study, we investigated the evolution, convergence, and transmission of hypervirulent and multi-drug resistant (MDR) clones of K. pneumoniae within healthcare facilities in Uganda. There was high resistance to piperacillin (90.91%), cefuroxime (86.96%), ceftazidime (84.62%), cefotaxime (84.00%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (75%), nalidixic acid (73.68%), and nitrofurantoin (71.43%) antibiotics among K. pneumoniae isolates. The isolates were genetically diverse, consisting of 20 different sequence types (STs) and 34 K-serotype groups. Chromosomal fosA (for fosfomycin) and oqxAB efflux pump genes were detected in all isolates. Two carbapenem resistance genes, blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 plus extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (blaCTX-M-15) gene (68.12%), quinolone-resistant genes qnrS1 (28.99%), qnrB1 (13.04%), and qnrB6 (13.04%) and others were found. All, except three of the isolates, harbored plasmids. While the isolates carried a repertoire of virulence genes, only two isolates carried hypervirulent genes demonstrating a low prevalence (2.90%) of hypervirulent strains. Our study demonstrated genetically diverse populations of K. pneumoniae, low levels of carbapenem resistance among the isolates, and no convergence of MDR and hypervirulence. Emerging high-risk international pandemic clones (ST11, ST14, ST147, ST 86 and ST307) were detected in these healthcare settings which are difficult to treat.
Onset of Quantum-Confined Stark Effects in Multijunction Photovoltaic Laser Power Converters Designed with Thin Subcells
Authors: Fafard Simon , Masson Denis
Published: November 2023

Photovoltaic multijunction power-converting III–V semiconductor devices generate electrical power from the optical energy of laser beams. They exhibit conversion efficiencies reaching values greater than 60% and 50% for the GaAs and the InP material systems, respectively. The applications of optical wireless power transmission and power-over-fiber greatly benefit from employing such laser power converters constructed with multiple subcells; each is designed with either thin GaAs or InGaAs absorber regions. This study elucidates how the application of electric fields on thin heterostructures can create specific current–voltage characteristics due to modifications of the absorption characteristics from Franz–Keldysh perturbations and the onset of quantum-confined Stark effects. Negative differential photocurrent behavior can be observed as the reverse bias voltage is increased, until the corresponding current-clamping subcell reaches its reverse breakdown condition. The reverse voltage breakdown characteristics of the subcells were also measured to depend on the thickness of the subcell and on the optical intensity. The onset of the reverse breakdown was found to be at ~2.0–2.5 V under illumination and the thinner subcells exhibited higher levels of reverse bias currents. These effects can produce distinctive current–voltage behavior under spectrally detuned operations affecting the thinner subcells’ biases, but have no significant impact on the performance and maximum power point of multijunction power converters.
Integrating Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Enzymatic Profiling to Reveal the Wheat Responses to Nano-ZnO Stress
Authors: Li Shengdong , Liu Yujia , Wang Zongshuai , Liu Tianhao , Li Xiangnan , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2023

It has been shown that increased concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) in the soil are harmful to plant growth. However, the sensitivity of different wheat cultivars to nano-ZnO stress is still unclear. To detect the physiological response process of wheat varieties with different tolerance to nano-ZnO stress, four wheat cultivars (viz., cv. TS1, ZM18, JM22, and LM6) with different responses to nano-ZnO stress were selected, depending on previous nano-ZnO stress trials with 120 wheat cultivars in China. The results found that nano-ZnO exposure reduced chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, along with the depressed carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and limited plant growth. Meanwhile, the genotypic variation in photosynthetic carbon assimilation under nano-ZnO stress was found in wheat plants. Wheat cv. JM22 and LM6 possessed relatively lower Zn concentrations and higher leaf nitrogen per area, less reductions in their net photosynthetic rate, a maximum quantum yield of the PS II (Fv/Fm), electron transport flux per cross-section (ETo/CSm), trapped energy flux per cross-section (TRo/CSm), and total soluble sugar and sucrose concentrations under nano-ZnO stress, showing a better tolerance to nano-ZnO stress than wheat cv. TS1 and ZM18. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ETo/CSm, and TRo/CSm could be used to rapidly screen wheat varieties resistant to nano-ZnO stress. The results here provide a new approach for solving the issues of crop yield decline in regions polluted by heavy metal nanoparticles and promoting the sustainable utilization of farmland with heavy metal pollution.
Receptor Plants Alleviated Allelopathic Stress from Invasive Chenopodium ambrosioides L. by Upregulating the Production and Autophagy of Their Root Border Cells
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhou Xijie , He Shengli , Wang Wenguo , Ma Danwei , Wang Yu , Zhang Hong
Published: November 2023

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is an invasive plant native to the Neotropics that has seriously threatened the ecological security of China, and allelopathy is one of the mechanisms underlying its successful invasion. Maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), as the main food crops, are usually affected by C. ambrosioides in their planting areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure, autophagy, and release-related gene expression of receptor plant root border cells (RBCs) after exposure to volatile oil from C. ambrosioides and its main component α-terpene, which were studied using maize and soybean as receptor plants. The volatiles inhibited root growth and promoted a brief increase in the number of RBCs. As the volatile concentration increased, the organelles in RBCs were gradually destroyed, and intracellular autophagosomes were produced and continuously increased in number. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in the synthesis of the plasma membrane and cell wall components in receptor root cells were significantly up-regulated, particularly those related to cell wall polysaccharide synthesis. Meanwhile, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterases (PME) exhibited up-regulated expression, and PME activity also increased. The contribution of α-terpene to this allelopathic effect of C. ambrosioides volatile oil exceeded 70%. Based on these results, receptor plant root tips may increase the synthesis of cell wall substances while degrading the intercellular layer, accelerating the generation and release of RBCs. Meanwhile, their cells survived through autophagy of RBCs, indicating the key role of RBCs in alleviating allelopathic stress from C. ambrosioides volatiles.
Current Status of Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in India—A Review
Authors: Barathi Selvaraj , Lee Jintae , Venkatesan Raja , Vetcher Alexandre A.
Published: November 2023

Rising waste construction, agricultural actions, and manufacturing sewages all contribute to heavy metal accumulation in water resources. Humans consume heavy metals-contaminated substances to make sustenance, which equally ends up in the food circle. Cleaning of these vital properties, along with the prevention of new pollution, has long been required to evade negative strength consequences. Most wastewater treatment techniques are widely acknowledged to be costly and out of the grasp of governments and small pollution mitigation businesses. Utilizing hyper-accumulator plants that are extremely resilient to heavy metals in the environment/soil, phytoremediation is a practical and promising method for eliminating heavy metals from contaminated environments. This method extracts, degrades, or detoxifies harmful metals using green plants. The three phytoremediation techniques of phytostabilization, phytoextraction, and phytovolatilization have been used extensively for soil remediation. Regarding their ability to be used on a wide scale, conventional phytoremediation methods have significant limitations. Hence, biotechnological attempts to change plants for heavy metal phytoremediation methods are extensively investigated in order to increase plant effectiveness and possible use of improved phytoremediation approaches in the country of India. This review focuses on the advances and significance of phytoremediation accompanied by the removal of various harmful heavy metal contaminants. Similarly, sources, heavy metals status in India, impacts on nature and human health, and variables influencing the phytoremediation of heavy metals have all been covered.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-β-Butyrolactone Promoted by New Tetradentate Thioether-Amide Ligand-Type Zinc Complexes
Authors: Impemba Salvatore , Manca Gabriele , Tozio Irene , Milione Stefano
Published: November 2023

In this work, thioether-amide ligands featuring a combination of hard amide groups with soft donor groups have been employed to develop new zinc catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. All complexes were prepared in high yields through alkane elimination reactions with diethyl zinc and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) characterization provided insight into the parameters that influence catalytic activity, such as steric hindrance at the metal center, Lewis acidity and electronic density of thioether-amide ligands. In the presence of one equivalent of isopropanol, all complexes were active in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone. Quantitative conversion of 100 monomer equivalents was achieved within 1 h at 80 °C in a toluene solution. Number-average molecular weights increased linearly with monomer conversion; the values were in optimal agreement with those expected, and polydispersity index values were narrow and relatively constant throughout the course of polymerization. The most active complex was also effective in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide. To propose a reliable reaction path, DFT calculations were undertaken. In the first step of the reaction, the acidic proton of the alcohol is transferred to the basic nitrogen atom of the amide ligand coordinated to the zinc ion. This leads to the alcoholysis of the Zn-N bond and the formation of an alcoholate derivative that starts the polymerization. In subsequent steps, the reaction follows the classical coordination–insertion mechanism.
Mechanical and Wear Studies of Boron Nitride-Reinforced Polymer Composites Developed via 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Keshavamurthy Ramaiah , Tambrallimath Vijay , Patil Swetha , Rajhi Ali , Duhduh Alaauldeen , Khan T.
Published: November 2023

In the realm of 3D printing, polymers serve as fundamental materials offering versatility to cater to a diverse array of final product properties and tailored to the specific needs of the creator. Polymers, as the building blocks of 3D printing, inherently possess certain mechanical and wear properties that may fall short of ideal. To address this limitation, the practice of reinforcing polymer matrices with suitable materials has become a common approach. One such reinforcement material is boron nitride (BN), lauded for its remarkable mechanical attributes. The integration of BN as a reinforcing element has yielded substantial enhancements in the properties of polylactic acid (PLA). The central objective of this research endeavor is the development of polymer composites based on PLA and fortified with boron nitride. This study undertakes the comprehensive exploration of the compatibility and synergy between BN and PLA with a keen focus on examining their resultant properties. To facilitate this, various percentages of boron nitride were incorporated into the PLA matrix, specifically at 5% and 10% by weight. The compounding process involved the blending of PLA and boron nitride followed by the creation of composite filaments measuring 1.75 mm in diameter and optimized for 3D printing. Subsequently, test specimens were meticulously fabricated in adherence with ASTM standards to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength, dimensional accuracy, wear characteristics, and surface roughness. The findings from these assessments were systematically compared to the wear properties and mechanical behavior of PLA composites reinforced with boron nitride and the unreinforced PLA material. This study serves as a foundational resource that offers insights into the feasibility and methodologies of incorporating boron nitride into PLA matrices, paving the way for enhanced polymer composite development.
Hydrocarbon Generation and Residue Features of Ediacaran High-Maturity Source Rocks and Their Significance in Gas Exploration in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Wang Wenyang , Pang Xiongqi , Wang Yaping , Chen Mingjun , Chen Ying , Li Changrong , Chen Zhangxin
Published: November 2023

Evaluating residual hydrocarbons is crucial for assessing shale oil and gas reservoirs, significantly impacting resource evaluation and exploration prospects. Previously regarded as lacking hydrocarbon generation potential, the Ediacaran Dengying Formation (Fm) microbial dolomite in the Sichuan Basin has been re-evaluated for its hydrocarbon generation capabilities. While understanding source rock characteristics is vital for petroleum resource assessment, a comprehensive analysis of the dolomite’s source rocks, encompassing hydrocarbon generation and residual features, remains undocumented. In this study, we thoroughly analyze the total organic carbon and vitrinite reflectance and extensively utilize pyrolysis analysis, gas chromatography and isotopic analysis of the organic kerogen from the Ediacaran Dengying Fm dolomite samples. The findings affirm that the Ediacaran Dengying Fm dolomite indeed serves as a source rock with moderate hydrocarbon generation and residue capabilities. This microbial dolomite was formed in a reducing marine environment with high salinity. Characterized by an averaging TOC of 0.82%, the kerogen is primarily identified as type I, with a minor presence of type II, and underwent thermal maturation up to the post-maturity stage. Throughout its geological history, the maximum intensities for hydrocarbon generation and residues were 4.5 × 107 t/km2 and 3.2 × 107 t/km2, respectively. Additionally, cumulatively generated and residual hydrocarbon quantities amounted to 2.7 × 1012 t and 1.67 × 1012 t, respectively. This study indicates significant exploration potential for the Ediacaran Dengying Fm microbial dolomite. Consequently, the central region in the Sichuan Basin has been identified as a promising area for future exploration endeavors. Our study provides valuable insights for the understanding of shale gas exploration in high-maturity source rock areas.
Economical Configuration of Oxygen-Enriched Air Production Process Using Polysulfone-Based Composite Membranes
Authors: Kwon Kiwook , Koh Hyung Chul , Jeon Yong-Woo
Published: November 2023

Oxygen-enriched combustion technology is an emerging incineration method suitable for waste treatment. In this study, we investigated an economical modular configuration method for oxygen-enriched air production using gas separation membrane technology. Various module configurations were examined based on input pressure, gas temperature, sweep, and multistage module arrangement, and an optimal economically viable configuration was proposed. Using a polysulfone-based polymer membrane module, oxygen-enriched air with an oxygen concentration of 40–65% was produced. Even in cases of low input pressures achieved using a vacuum pump at the permeate side, oxygen-enriched air with concentrations >40% was achieved, with an approximately 20% increase in the permeation flow rate. As the permeation rate increased with increasing temperature, the oxygen recovery efficiency decreased. When the membrane area was increased, the corresponding increase in the input pressure did not result in a proportional increase in the permeation rate compared with single-module setups. Through multistage module arrangements, oxygen-enriched air with a maximum oxygen concentration of 66% was produced. By employing sweep that recirculated a portion of input air to the permeate side, the production of oxygen-enriched air was enhanced by approximately 38%. Therefore, the proposed process involving low input pressure, vacuum pumps, and sweeping was optimal for oxygen-enriched air production.
Research Progress on Processing Technology of Refined Betel Nut in China: A Review
Authors: Zhu Qinhe , Deng Senwen , Ma Li , Li Qi , Tan Shuhua , Zheng Yuojun , Xu Aiqing , Wang Haihua
Published: November 2023

Betel nut is a traditional Asian herbal medicine and ranks as the fourth most common addictive substance in the world. Refined betel nut is made from the original fruit of the Areca catechu L. tree through complex traditional processes. Betel nut has various pharmacological effects, and the health effects of chewing refined betel nut have sparked significant concern. The optimization of processing techniques is essential in mitigating the harmful effects of refined betel nut products. This article reviews the current procedures, major limiting factors and technological innovations associated with refined betel nut production. Modern softening techniques including enzymatic treatment, steam explosion and microwave technology have been developed in the last two decades to improve the softness of betel nut fiber. To address the microbial contamination of products, automated production and nonthermal sterilization technologies such as irradiation are preferred. To prevent or delay the whitening and returning of the betel nut brine, an enhanced brine reaction, compound additives and strict control of environmental temperature and humidity can be essential. Chemical reagents, low-temperature preservation, modified atmosphere preservation and coating preservation are applied for the storage of fresh betel nuts. It was found that optimized processing methods and stringent regulatory measures are required to control the chemical pollution in betel nut products. The widespread integration of emerging technologies underscores the imperative need to update regulatory measures. Thus, we hope this review will offer research insights and theoretical references for reducing the harm associated with the processing technology, as well as the formulation of updated supervisory measures.
Analysis of the Unintended Effects of the Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Protein in Genetically Modified Rice Using Untargeted Transcriptomics
Authors: Ding Lin , Chen Guanwei , Chen Xiaoyun , Wang Xiaofu , Lu Yuwen , Liang Zehui , Xu Junfeng , Peng Cheng
Published: November 2023

The safety and unintended effects of genetically modified (GM) crops have been the focus of public attention. Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to assess the potential impact of genetic modification on plant genomes. In this study, three transgenic (KMD, KF6, and TT51-1) and three non-transgenic (XS11, MH86, and MH63) rice varieties were assessed at the genomic and protein levels. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Cry1Ab/1Ac speed test strips showed that the Bt gene was successfully expressed in transgenic rice. The results of RNA-seq analysis to analyze the unintended effects of transgenic Bt rice showed fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the transgenic and non-transgenic rice varieties than among the different varieties. Meanwhile, the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis found no significant genetic variation between the transgenic and non-transgenic rice varieties, except for the presence of Bt in transgenic rice. There were only two co-upregulated DEGs and no co-downregulated DEGs among three comparison groups. Although there were various DEGs among the groups, the two co-upregulated DEGs were not related to any significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) term or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, indicating that the differences among the subgroups were more likely caused by complex environmental or genetic factors, rather than unintended effects due to Bt expression. This study provides useful information to further explore the unexpected effects and safety of GM rice.
Impact of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials on the Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel/Biodiesel Blend
Authors: Elkelawy Medhat , El Shenawy El Shenawy A. , Bastawissi Hagar Alm-Eldin , Shams Mahmoud M.
Published: November 2023

Biodiesel produced from waste cooked oil (WCO) resources mixed with various nanoparticle additives and used as a fuel blend in diesel engine combustion is a hopeful research trend. All previous studies indicate that alternative fuels can provide better fuel properties with enhanced engine combustion, performance, and lower emissions than fossil diesel fuel. This study uses three fuel blends to compare the diesel engine’s combustion, performance, and emissions attributes at different loading values. Pure diesel fuel, B40, which is a blend of 40% WCO biodiesel and 60% diesel fuel, and mixtures of 40% WCO biodiesel, 56% diesel, and 4% toluene with carbon nanotubes (B40-CNTs) or graphene oxide nano-additive (B40-GO) at three concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ppm were used. The results show enhancements in the diesel engine attribute values using B40-CNTs and B40-GO blends at different concentrations and engine load values better than the diesel engine attribute result values using B0 or B40 without nanoparticle additives. The combustion, performance, and emission attribute showed improvements using nanoparticles due to the increase in the evaporation rate, the oxygen rate, the surface area to volume ratio, and the thermal properties of the mixture. The highest in-cylinder peak pressure is recorded at 61 bar in B40 with 150 PPM of GO nanoparticles. The brake thermal efficiency records 43.6%, with the highest percentage found using B40-150GO at the maximum engine load value. The NOx emissions are dropped from 1240 PPM using pure diesel fuel to 884 PPM using B40 with 150 PPM of GO nanoparticles at the maximum engine load due to the lower combustion temperatures and duration.
Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies on Distortion Generated by Intraoral Scanning Systems for Oral Rehabilitations with More Than Three Implants
Authors: Oancea Luminita , Luca Ioana , Radulescu Sergiu , Macris Andrei , Ciocan Toma
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: This systematic review intends to answer the following Patient–Intervention–Comparison–Outcome (PICO) question: Do digital impression systems generate significant errors during scanning in extensive implant restorative treatments? (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA protocol and according to predefined inclusion criteria, two trained investigators searched for relevant articles in the PubMed database and related sources using a standard keyword sequence. The investigators were responsible for selecting studies and performing quality analysis. (3) Results: From 78 titles, only 9 studies were selected. An analysis of registration distortion variations was conducted for each potential influencing factor in terms of accuracy: interimplant distance, implant angulation, scanner type, and scanning body type. The results showed repeatable differences in accuracy between types of scanning technologies and techniques, and a positive correlation between interimplant distance and the amplitude of deviations detected in comparative analysis, with the highest error levels in total edentulous arch recording. There was no consensus on the error level owing to implant angulation, and statistically significant differences were found between the types of scan bodies used. (4) Conclusions: Digital impression systems generate significant errors during scanning in extensive implant restorative treatments, influenced by scanning technology, interimplant distance, and scanning body type.
Understanding Faith-Based Ecological Citizenship: A Case Study of Korea Soka Gakkai International (KSGI)
Authors: Yoo Kwang Suk , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: November 2023

This paper tries to examine how ecological aspects of religiosity are associated with the ecological citizenship necessary for coping with a global ecological crisis. Especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the notion of ecological citizenship has been paid serious attention to by numerous scholars from different research fields. Here, we measure how religiosity can work on the sustainability of ecological citizenship, focusing on Korea Soka Gakkai International (KSGI) which has been actively engaged in the environmental–ecological movement since the 1980s. First, they show a distinct tendency to religiously reinterpret the COVID-19 pandemic, an understanding of the pandemic as an ecological issue, and worldly optimism that human efforts can prevent the current or upcoming ecological crisis. Second, KSGI members with a high level of ecological religiosity tend to support ecological citizenship, independent of secular ecologism such as ecological politicization or deep ecology. In conclusion, this study is the first empirical research exploring how people of faith belonging to a minority religious tradition such as KSGI develop their ecological religiosity into ecological citizenship, namely a faith-based ecological citizenship.
The Relationship between Philosophy and Theology in Inter-War German Catholic Scholarship
Authors: Rowland Tracey
Published: November 2023

This paper provides an introduction to the thought of four German Catholic philosophers of the inter-war era described by Joseph Ratzinger/Pope Benedict XVI as the most influential on his generation of seminarians. The focus of the article is on how they understood the relationship between theology and philosophy.
Reconsidering the Nehushtan as a Magical Healing Device within the Geographical, Cultural, and Magico-Religious Context of the Ancient Near East
Authors: Williams Gillian , Harcombe Mariette
Published: November 2023

According to Numbers 21:4–9, the Nehushtan was a copper/bronze snake effigy that functioned as a ‘magical’ healing tool to cure the early Israelites from venomous snakebites they incurred during their desert wanderings. What is unclear from the narrative is the symbolic significance of the event, the materials used, the technical skills required, and whether magic was at play. Firstly, when considering the magical effects of the Nehushtan, we must define which type of magic—apotropaic or sympathetic—was involved. Based upon existing scholarship on the topic, the general consensus is that the Nehushtan represented sympathetic magic, underpinned in this instance by homeopathic/imitative magic. To highlight this point, this study will provide selected examples of both types of magic so that the Nehushtan’s association with sympathetic magic can be illustrated. Secondly, and most importantly, we must consider why the image of a snake was chosen if the very affliction (envenomation) suffered by the people was caused by the creature now being posited as a symbol of divine healing. Did the ancient perceptions of snakes and healing play a role in this decision? Why did the early Israelites not question the logic behind the use of a magical snake effigy when both magic and effigies were technically prohibited by biblical laws? To answer these questions, the study will consider the historical background (the Exodus from Egypt), the set (geographical location), and the setting (cultural contact and influence) in which the narrative of the Nehushtan took place.
Remote Instantaneous Power Consumption Estimation of Electric Vehicles from Satellite Information
Authors: Jorquera Franco , Estrada Juan , Auat Fernando
Published: November 2023

Instantaneous Power Consumption (IPC) is relevant for understanding the autonomy and efficient energy usage of electric vehicles (EVs). However, effective vehicle management requires prior knowledge of whether they can complete a trajectory, necessitating an estimation of IPC consumption along it. This paper proposes an IPC estimation method for an EV based on satellite information. The methodology involves geolocation and georeferencing of the study area, trajectory planning, extracting altitude characteristics from the map to create an altitude profile, collecting terrain features, and ultimately calculating IPC. The most accurate estimation was achieved on clay terrain with a 5.43% error compared to measures. For pavement and gravel terrains, 19.19% and 102.02% errors were obtained, respectively. This methodology provides IPC estimation on three different terrains using satellite information, which is corroborated with field experiments. This showcases its potential for EV management in industrial contexts.
Completing 3D Point Clouds of Thin Corn Leaves for Phenotyping Using 3D Gridding Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Ying , Su Wei , Tao Wancheng , Li Ziqian , Huang Xianda , Zhang Ziyue , Xiong Caisen
Published: November 2023

Estimating the complete 3D points of crop plants from incomplete points is vital for phenotyping and smart agriculture management. Compared with the completion of regular man-made objects such as airplanes, chairs, and desks, the completion of corn plant points is more difficult for thin, curled, and irregular corn leaves. This study focuses on MSGRNet+OA, which is based on GRNet, to complete a 3D point cloud of thin corn plants. The developed MSGRNet+OA was accompanied by gridding, multi-scale 3DCNN, gridding reverse, cubic feature sampling, and offset-attention. In this paper, we propose the introduction of a 3D grid as an intermediate representation to regularize the unorganized point cloud, use multi-scale predictive fusion to utilize global information at different scales, and model the geometric features by adding offset-attention to compute the point position offsets. These techniques enable the network to exhibit good adaptability and robustness in dealing with irregular and varying point cloud structures. The accuracy assessment results show that the accuracy of completion using MSGRNet+OA is superlative, with a CD (×10−4) of 1.258 and an F-Score@1% of 0.843. MSGRNet+OA is the most effective when compared with other networks (PCN, shape inversion, the original GRNet, SeedFormer, and PMP-Net++), and it improves the accuracy of the CD (×10−4)/F-Score@1% with −15.882/0.404, −15.96/0.450, −0.181/0.018, −1.852/0.274, and −1.471/0.203, respectively. These results reveal that the developed MSGRNet+OA can be used to complete a 3D point cloud of thin corn leaves for phenotyping.
The Plumb-Line Matching Algorithm for UAV Oblique Photographic Photos
Authors: Zhang Xinnai , Sun Jiuyun , Gao Jingxiang , Yu Kaijie , Zhang Sheng
Published: November 2023

Building facades has always been a challenge for feature matching in oblique photogrammetry due to weak textures, non-Lambertian objects, severe occlusion, and distortion. Plumb lines are essential building geometry structural feature lines in building facades, which show strong spatial relevance to these problems. Achieving plumb line matching has great application potential for optimizing the process and products of oblique photogrammetry. Thus, we proposed a novel matching algorithm for plumb lines based on spatial and color hybrid constraints according to its central projection imaging characteristics. Firstly, based on vanishing point theory, the plumb lines from photos were back-calculated to determine the matching target set; secondly, the property of its large elevation ranges was exploited to calculate the homonymous points as spatial constraints by projecting plumb lines onto the stratified spatial planes; thirdly, the neighboring primary colors on both sides of the plumb lines were extracted as feature descriptors and compared by colorimetry; then, the greedy strategy was employed to successively filter out the locally optimal solutions satisfying the spatial and color hybrid constraints to complete the initial matching; finally, the intersection-over-union analysis of the solution plane and the verticalness evaluation of the matching results were implemented to eliminate errors. The results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve an average accuracy of 97.29% and 78.41% in the forward and lateral overlap experiments from multi-scenes, respectively, displaying a strong adaptability to poor texture, inconsistency, and distortion. In conclusion, thanks to the plumb-line-oriented matching strategy, this algorithm owns inherent advantages in theory and computational complexity. It is suitable for all building-oriented oblique photogrammetry tasks and is highly worthy of promotion and application.
Studying Conditions of Intense Harmful Algal Blooms Based on Long-Term Satellite Data
Authors: Bondur Valery , Chvertkova Olga , Zamshin Viktor
Published: November 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) adversely impact aquatic organisms, human health, and the marine economy. The need to understand the origins and mechanisms of HAB occurrence and development determines the relevance of the study of these phenomena, including using remote sensing methods and assets. Here we present the results of a comprehensive study of conditions and precursors of some intense HABs detected in the water areas near the island of Chiloe (Chile, 2016), near the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia, 2020), near the island of Hokkaido (Japan, 2021), among others. The study involves statistical analysis of long-term satellite and model data arrays on significant parameters of the marine environment and near-surface atmosphere, as well as empirical modeling of HAB risks. Information products on the following environmental parameters were used: sea surface temperature (SST, NOAA OISST, since 1981), the level of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and chlorophyll-a concentration (MODIS Ocean Color SMI, since 2000), sea surface salinity and height (HYCOM, since 1993), and near-surface wind speed and direction (NCEP CFSv2, since 1979). Quantitative assessments of the dynamics of informative criteria were applied. The key criterion is the ratio (Δσ) of the absolute deviation of the studied parameter from the expected norm to the RMS deviation of its values. Intense HABs were often preceded by excessive SST (up to Δσ ~1.99) and PAR (up to Δσ ~2.25) values, as well as low near-surface wind speed (up to Δσ ~−1.83). These environmental parameters considerably contribute to HAB generation and intensification. An approach and empirical function were proposed that allow us to assess the risk of HAB phenomena and reveal their precursors. Using the proposed approach and empirical function, the precursors of ten HABs were identified, nine of which were confirmed by in situ data. The results can be used as a tool for forecasting and studying the conditions for the occurrence of HABs, representing one of the promising directions for monitoring these dangerous phenomena.
Factors Affecting Antibody-Mediated Immune Response and Cellular-Mediated Immune Response in Weaned Brahman Calves
Authors: Young Christian L. , Riley David G. , Randel Ronald D. , Welsh Thomas H.
Published: November 2023

Selecting high-immune-responding cattle benefits the individual animal and the herd. To assess factors that have a role in determining the immune status of cattle, this study used 55 weaned bull and 57 weaned heifer Brahman calves. Antibody-mediated immune response (AMIR) was determined by using a vaccine-specific IgG, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in response to cattle receiving the Salmonella Newport Extract vaccine. Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) was determined by using a subcutaneous (neck) sensitization dose of Candida albicans (CA) with Quil-A adjuvant on Day 0. On Day 14, caudal skinfold thickness (SFT) was measured using Harpenden calipers prior to the intradermal injection of CA into the skinfold, and on Day 15, the injection site SFT was measured again. The response was determined by using the difference in SFT from Day 15 (post-injection) and Day 14 (pre-injection). In weaned Brahman calves, AMIR was not influenced by sex; however, there was sexual dimorphism associated with CMIR, in that bull calves had a greater response than heifers (p < 0.05). Our studies demonstrate that weaned Brahman calves can be separated into AMIR and CMIR classes and that AMIR and CMIR should be investigated further as selection tools in beef cattle production.
Miner Fatigue Detection from Electroencephalogram-Based Relative Power Spectral Topography Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xu Lili , Li Jizu , Feng Ding
Published: November 2023

Fatigue of miners is caused by intensive workloads, long working hours, and shift-work schedules. It is one of the major factors increasing the risk of safety problems and work mistakes. Examining the detection of miner fatigue is important because it can potentially prevent work accidents and improve working efficiency in underground coal mines. Many previous studies have introduced feature-based machine-learning methods to estimate miner fatigue. This work proposes a method that uses electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to generate topographic maps containing frequency and spatial information. It utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the normal state, critical state, and fatigue state of miners. The topographic maps are generated from the EEG signals and contrasted using power spectral density (PSD) and relative power spectral density (RPSD). These two feature extraction methods were applied to feature recognition and four representative deep-learning methods. The results showthat RPSD achieves better performance than PSD in classification accuracy with all deep-learning methods. The CNN achieved superior results to the other deep-learning methods, with an accuracy of 94.5%, precision of 97.0%, sensitivity of 94.8%, and F1 score of 96.3%. Our results also show that the RPSD–CNN method outperforms the current state of the art. Thus, this method might be a useful and effective miner fatigue detection tool for coal companies in the near future.
Citizen Science in Biomedicine: Attitudes, Motivation, and Concerns of the General Public and Scientists in Latvia
Authors: Svandere Alise , Mežinska Signe , Kaleja Jekaterina , Kante Normunds , Peculis Raitis , Rogoza Olesja , Rovite Vita
Published: November 2023

Citizen science is research carried out by citizens in cooperation with scientists based on scientifically developed methods. Citizen science makes science accessible to the public and promotes public trust. Since there is scarce evidence about attitudes toward citizen science in the field of biomedicine, we aimed to evaluate the attitudes, motivations, and concerns of the Latvian general population and scientists from the biomedical research field toward citizen science research projects. We developed a survey that consisted of seven different citizen science research project examples (vignettes) and circulated it among the Latvian general population and researchers online, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. In total 314 individuals from the general population and 49 researchers filled in the survey. After the analysis was performed, we concluded that the general population and biomedical scientists in Latvia have different expectations toward citizen science. The results showed that while the general public is more interested in individual and societal benefits and concerned with specific participation aspects like filming, photographing, or co-funding, the scientists see the biggest potential contribution to their project in aspects of additional data collection and potential financial support, and are concerned about data quality, potential legal issues, and additional coordination communication that would be needed.
Sentiment Analysis on Twitter-Based Teleworking in a Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Context
Authors: Rojas Rincón Joan Sebastián , Riveros Tarazona Andrés Ricardo , Mejía Martínez Andrés Mauricio , Acosta-Prado Julio César
Published: November 2023

The implementation of the telework model has become popular globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this new model of work organization generates conflicting opinions regarding the positive and negative effects that its implementation can bring to organizations. In this study, sentiment analysis of Twitter-based teleworking in a post-pandemic COVID-19 context was conducted. A set of Twitter conversations is examined by applying text mining and opinion analysis techniques. The results show the prevalence of positive sentiments regarding telework. In addition, opinions are generally associated with confidence, anticipation, and joy. According to the results, it is recommended to consider telework as an opportunity to improve worker well-being. However, it is important to consider some factors, such as the sector to which the company belongs, the characteristics of the job, and the working conditions.
Sex Differences in the Load–Velocity Profiles of Three Different Row Exercises
Authors: Nieto-Acevedo Raúl , Romero-Moraleda Blanca , Montalvo-Pérez Almudena , García-Sánchez Carlos , Marquina-Nieto Moisés , Mon-López Daniel
Published: November 2023

This study examined the force–velocity profile differences between men and women in three variations of row exercises. Twenty-eight participants (14 men and 14 women) underwent maximum dynamic strength assessments in the free prone bench row (PBR), bent-over barbell row (BBOR), and Smith machine bent-over row (SMBOR) in a randomized order. Subjects performed a progressive loading test from 30 to 100% of 1-RM (repetition maximum), and the mean propulsive velocity was measured in all attempts. Linear regression analyses were conducted to establish the relationships between the different measures of bar velocity and % 1-RM. The ANOVAs applied to the mean velocity achieved in each % 1-RM tested revealed significantly higher velocity values for loads < 65% 1-RM in SMBOR compared to BBOR (p < 0.05) and higher velocities for loads < 90% 1-RM in SMBOR compared to PBR (p < 0.05) for both sexes. Furthermore, men provided significantly higher velocity values than women (PBR 55–100% 1-RM; BBOR and SMBOR < 85% 1-RM; p < 0.05) and significant differences were found between exercises and sex for 30–40% 1-RM. These results confirm that men have higher velocities at different relative loads (i.e., % 1-RM) compared to women during upper-body rowing exercises.
Effect of Maize Hybrid in Complete Feed on the Production Performance and Economic Considerations in Laying Hens
Authors: Gunjević Veronika , Grbeša Darko , Zurak Dora , Kiš Goran , Janječić Zlatko , Svečnjak Zlatko , Bedeković Dalibor , Duvnjak Marija , Pirgozliev Vasil , Kljak Kristina
Published: November 2023

The nutritional value of maize grain can be influenced by its genetic background, which can lead to differences that could affect laying hens due to the high proportion of maize hybrids in the complete feed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of modern maize hybrids on hen production and egg quality. Dietary treatments differed only in a grain of 15 high-yielding maize hybrids, added at a fixed proportion of 600 g kg−1 and without additional pigments. By 3 in each cage, 225 Lohmann Brown hens were allocated to 15 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design (15 treatments × 5 cages). The experiment lasted 10 weeks, during which the number and weight of eggs were recorded daily, and diet intake was recorded weekly. Eggs for quality analysis were collected once per week during the last five weeks of the experiment. Dietary treatments differed (p < 0.05) in complete feed intake (119.7–123.1 g), egg weight (58.02–61.51 g), daily egg mass (56.17–60.16 g), and feed conversion ratio (2.01–2.19). As expected, dietary treatments did not affect egg traits such as shape index, albumen height, Haugh units, shell strength, thickness, and weight, but differed (p < 0.05) in yolk color (6.28–8.76) and yolk (14.74–16.03 g) and albumen (34.39–39.29 g) weights. The findings suggest that using different maize hybrids in complete feeds used in egg production systems may lead to small but significant differences in some hen production and egg quality traits, which in turn affect farmers’ income.