bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’eterno Altro: il mito di Medea ad Haiti in Ma’Déa di Eduardo Manet (1985)
Authors: Lomeli Timothy
Published: October 2023

The Medea myth is one of the most enduring myths of Greek mythology and has been readapted for many different times and cultures. In 1985, Eduardo Manet, Mimi Barthélémy, and Fatima Soualhia collaborate on the play Ma’Déa. This new adaptation of the play takes the Greek myth and sets it in Haiti in 1946. This article uses Robert Stam’s concept of “revisionist adaptations” to examine the implications of the newly transposed historical context, the American occupation of Haiti (1915-1934), and the January Revolution of 1946. As well as how the addition of Haitian vodou allows Ma’Déa to reclaim her agency and reroot herself into her culture and community. Ultimately, this article demonstrates that the transposition of Medea into Haiti allows the authors to criticize American hegemony as well as revalorize Haitian cultural knowledge and practices.
The (Limited?) Utility of Brain Age as a Biomarker for Capturing Fluid Cognition in Older Individuals
Authors: Tetereva Alina , Pat Narun
Published: October 2023

Fluid cognition usually declines as people grow older. For decades, neuroscientists have been on a quest to search for a biomarker that can help capture fluid cognition. One well-known candidate is Brain Age, or a predicted value based on machine-learning models built to predict chronological age from brain MRI data. Here we aim to formally evaluate the utility of Brain Age as a biomarker for capturing fluid cognition among older individuals. Using 504 aging participants (36-100 years old) from the Human Connectome Project in Aging, we created 26 age-prediction models for Brain Age based on different combinations of MRI modalities. We first tested how much Brain Age from these age-prediction models added to what we had already known from a person’s chronological age in capturing fluid cognition. Based on the commonality analyses, we found a large degree of overlap between Brain Age and chronological age, so much so that, at best, Brain Age could uniquely add only around 1.6% in explaining variation in fluid cognition. Next, the age-prediction models that performed better at predicting chronological age did NOT necessarily create better Brain Age for capturing fluid cognition over and above chronological age. Instead, better-performing age-prediction models created Brain Age that overlapped larger with chronological age, up to around 29% out of 32%, in explaining fluid cognition, thus not improving the models’ utility to capture cognitive abilities. Lastly, we tested how much Brain Age missed the variation in the brain MRI that could explain fluid cognition. To capture this variation in the brain MRI that explained fluid cognition, we computed Brain Cognition, or a predicted value based on prediction models built to directly predict fluid cognition (as opposed to chronological age) from brain MRI data. We found that Brain Cognition captured up to an additional 11% of the total variation in fluid cognition that was missing from the model with only Brain Age and chronological age, leading to around a 1/3-time improvement of the total variation explained. Accordingly, we demonstrated the limited utility of Brain Age as a biomarker for fluid cognition and made some suggestions to ensure the utility of Brain Age in explaining fluid cognition and other phenotypes of interest.
Fishery catch records support machine learning-based prediction of illegal fishing off US West Coast
Authors: Watson Jordan T. , Ames Robert , Holycross Brett , Suter Jenny , Somers Kayleigh , Kohler Camille , Corrigan Brian
Published: October 2023

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a major problem worldwide, often made more challenging by a lack of at-sea and shoreside monitoring of commercial fishery catches. Off the US West Coast, as in many places, a primary concern for enforcement and management is whether vessels are illegally fishing in locations where they are not permitted to fish. We explored the use of supervised machine learning analysis in a partially observed fishery to identify potentially illicit behaviors when vessels did not have observers on board. We built classification models (random forest and gradient boosting ensemble tree estimators) using labeled data from nearly 10,000 fishing trips for which we had landing records (i.e., catch data) and observer data. We identified a set of variables related to catch (e.g., catch weights and species) and delivery port that could predict, with 97% accuracy, whether vessels fished in state versus federal waters. Notably, our model performances were robust to inter-annual variability in the fishery environments during recent anomalously warm years. We applied these models to nearly 60,000 unobserved landing records and identified more than 500 instances in which vessels may have illegally fished in federal waters. This project was developed at the request of fisheries enforcement investigators, and now an automated system analyzes all new unobserved landings records to identify those in need of additional investigation for potential violations. Similar approaches informed by the spatial preferences of species landed may support monitoring and enforcement efforts in any number of partially observed, or even totally unobserved, fisheries globally.
La perspectiva de alumnos y profesores en la retroalimentación de escritura: un estudio de caso
Authors:   , Vallejos Vidal Nicole
Published: October 2023

Este proyecto presenta un estudio de caso que describe la retroalimentación realizada por dos profesoras de Lengua y Literatura de un colegio particular pagado en Santiago de Chile, en una actividad de producción de textos argumentativos, en dos cursos de I° Medio. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de observación no participante, entrevistas focalizadas a las docentes y 12 estudiantes y del análisis de producciones textuales de los estudiantes, corregidas por las docentes. En el análisis de retroalimentaciones escritas, estas fueron clasificadas según la tipología de Tunstall y Gipps (1996), evidenciando el predominio de retroalimentaciones descriptivas (con énfasis distintos para cada docente) enfocadas en la calidad de la tesis y argumentos y de reprobación enfocada en los errores ortográficos. Por su parte, la retroalimentación constructivista surge exclusivamente en las interacciones orales. Estos patrones resultaron ser consistentes con la percepción de las docentes de sus prácticas de retroalimentación, siendo su intención la de promover el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, la perspectiva de los estudiantes en relación al objetivo de las retroalimentaciones realizadas por sus profesoras es diferente. Interpretan que las retroalimentaciones son “para mejorar” entendiendo esto como obtener mejores calificaciones, invisibilizando los comentarios que indican el logro que ya han alcanzado.
Enculturación e identidades discursivas de estudiantes doctorales durante su etapa inicial de formación doctoral en Educación
Authors:   , Calle Arango Lina
Published: October 2023

Las investigaciones en escritura doctoral han aportado valiosa evidencia sobre los desafíos enfrentados por estudiantes doctorales y las tensiones identitarias implicadas, pero aún falta explorar enfoques críticos y longitudinales para comprender cómo se desarrollan en el tiempo dinámicas de participación y resignificación de los discursos privilegiados en contextos específicos. Esta tesis propone un estudio longitudinal cualitativo exploratorio e interpretativo de cuatro estudiantes chilenos durante los primeros dos años de su formación doctoral en Educación. El marco conceptual propone una vinculación entre los ‘procesos de enculturación’ y la epistemología de las Literacidades Académicas. Para caracterizar los procesos de enculturación y negociaciones identitarias de los participantes, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y basadas en textos, y se recopilaron borradores de sus escritos. Los resultados de análisis de contenido, hermenéutico y del discurso, muestran que los estudiantes amplían su repertorio de recursos discursivos, y lidian con negociaciones identitarias producto de tensiones entre las prácticas conocidas y las privilegiadas por la nueva comunidad disciplinar. Así, lejos de simplemente adaptarse, ellos activan procesos de modificación, resistencia o negociación frente a las prácticas letradas. Los resultados permiten informar decisiones institucionales entendiendo la formación doctoral como un proceso complejo, de negociación identitaria, situado y vivido por sujetos agentivos.
Diseño y construcción de un instrumento y validación del uso de sus puntuaciones, para medir expectativas de profesores de educación media técnico profesional hacia sus estudiantes
Authors:   , Reyes Salas Daniela
Published: October 2023

Este proyecto de magister tiene como objetivo diseñar y construir un instrumento y validar el uso de sus puntuaciones para medir las expectativas de profesores de Educación Media Técnico Profesional de la Región Metropolitana hacia sus estudiantes en lo académico y laboral. Metodológicamente se consideró un pilotaje con 214 sujetos, donde se analizó la confiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones del instrumento, considerando evidencias basadas en el contenido, en la estructura interna (constructo), análisis psicométrico de los parámetros de dificultad, discriminación y funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems, mediante Teoría Clásica de los Test. A partir del resultado de los análisis realizados se observa que se debe realizar una revisión de los ítems para lograr una validez y confiabilidad aceptable de las puntuaciones para el pilotaje de una futura versión del instrumento, de manera que se pueda describir el nivel de expectativas de las profesores y profesoras de Educación Media Técnico Profesional.
Vinculación temprana de estudiantes con el mundo laboral: recursos para el diseño de un programa piloto de mentorías
Authors:   , Blanco Hormazábal Simona
Published: October 2023

Este trabajo consiste en el diseño de un programa piloto de mentorías en colaboración con una Facultad de Derecho, como resultado del reconocimiento de una brecha a partir del análisis temático a fuentes de datos primarias y secundarias. El proyecto fue formulado con el propósito de apoyar el proceso de transición a la vida profesional de sus estudiantes. Los recursos generados para el diseño del programa de mentoría surgen de la sistematización y categorización de información relativa a programas de mentoría extranjeros y modalidades de evaluación de iniciativas de mentoría. Se generó productos que evidencian que la mentoría es una iniciativa para acompañar y guiar estudiantes en el proceso de desarrollo de la trayectoria profesional, que facilita el conocimiento de un campo disciplinar particular. Los hallazgos de la sistematización de información permiten reconocer la pertinencia de los programas de mentoría para promover el acercamiento temprano al mundo laboral, a la vez que evidencian la importancia del liderazgo, la flexibilidad y valor de la instalación de capacidades de gestión para la sostenibilidad de iniciativas de esta naturaleza. Este informe integra una iniciativa colectiva, en que se desarrollaron tres procesos simultáneos para el cumplimiento de un objetivo común.
Sostenibilidad y primera infancia: un análisis documental de las bases curriculares de Educación Parvularia
Authors:   , Grossi Paz Daniella Camila
Published: October 2023

Este estudio de caso consiste en un análisis documental de las Bases Curriculares de Educación Parvularia (Mineduc, 2018) que busca comprender de qué manera este documento recoge los lineamientos internacionales sobre Educación para la Sostenibilidad. La literatura internacional da cuenta de la importancia de comenzar a desarrollar un compromiso con la sostenibilidad desde la primera infancia. Además, la multidimensionalidad de esta mirada, que busca preparar a los educandos para enfrentar problemáticas complejas, que abarcan aspectos medioambientales, sociales y económicos, requiere enfoques pedagógicos compatibles. Sin embargo, en el documento analizado, la sostenibilidad es comprendida, principalmente, a partir de sus vínculos con la educación medioambiental. Asimismo, es posible evidenciar que el tipo de aprendizajes asociados a la sostenibilidad, se concentran en un ámbito intelectual. Aquellos que se acercan a los ámbitos emocional y práctico son minoritarios. De esta situación se desprende una propuesta de mejora que propone orientaciones de contextualización curricular que permitan complementar lo que plantea la prescripción curricular. Estas orientaciones proponen complejizar la puesta en práctica de la Educación para la Sostenibilidad en el aula, a partir de enfoques pedagógicos compatibles como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos.
Modelling Dynamic Linkage between Climate Change and Food Inflation in Nigeria
Authors: Ichoku Hyacinth , Anthony Ihuoma , Olushola Tosin , Martins Apinran
Published: October 2023

The study delves into the critical issue of climate change and its detrimental impact on various regions worldwide, including Nigeria. It emphasizes the urgent need for global efforts to mitigate these effects and advocates for measures to address human activities contributing to climate dynamics. Specifically, the study empirically examines the affiliation between climate change shocks and food price inflation in Nigeria using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. The dataset covers the period from January 2011 to December 2022.The empirical findings reveal a robust cointegrating relationship between climate change shocks and food price inflation in Nigeria. Notably, climate change shocks significantly contributed to rising food prices within the study period. Furthermore, the Error Correction Term (ECT), estimated at 52 percent, indicates that food price inflation adjusts by 52 percent in the current month to counteract the initial shock experienced in the previous month. The Dynamic Multiplier graph, along with a 95 percent confidence interval, demonstrates that the explanatory variables exert substantial influence on food price inflation in Nigeria during the study period. Considering these findings, the study recommends that Nigeria should transit from traditional agricultural practices to Climate-Smart Agriculture to address future needs and climate-related challenges. Additionally, the government and stakeholders should implement alternative practices such as irrigation and the replenishment of shrinking water bodies in the Sudan and Sahel savannah regions.
Profitability of Zero Tillage Wheat in Rice Fallows under National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture Project at Chhattisgarh Plain Zone Durg in India
Authors: Narayan Kamal , Jain Vijay , Chandrakar Harshana
Published: October 2023

The research evaluated the economics of producing wheat under national innovation on climate resilient agriculture adopted village named karga using zero tillage and conventional method, and it evaluated how much technology and inputs contributed to the higher productivity brought over by zero tillage (ZT). The study found that zero tillage technology is able to increase farmers' profitability and aid in resource conservation. The difference in gross returns between zero tillage and conventional tillage approaches has been divided into 45% related to zero tillage and the remaining due to changes in input costs. This shows that zero tillage practices resulted in better performance in Rabi 2022- 2023 seasons, with an average yield increase of 7.7%. Net income per ha was Rs. 12475 with a reduced cost of cultivation due to reduced number of irrigations and lessened sowing operations cost. Higher yield is due to timely sowing, healthy crop growth, good plant population and less effect of climatic hazard.
Green Manuring and Nitrogen Management for Sustainable Productivity of Niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.] in Odisha, India
Authors: Dalei Bibhuti Bhusan , Meena Manoj Kumar , Phonglosa Amit , Sinha Biswajit , Nayak Lalatendu , Pradhan Kedareswar
Published: October 2023

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass), a minor oil seed crop is generally cultivated in marginal and sub marginal lands under poor agronomic practices without application of manures and fertilizers which causes great losses in its yield. However, the crop has high yield potential if recommended agronomic package of practices are followed. Also, the farmers always grow niger without application of any organic or inorganic fertilizers. In view of this, a field experiment was carried outunder All India Coordinated Research Project on Niger at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (OUAT), Semiliguda of Koraput district under Eastern Ghat High Land zone of Odisha in acidic soil during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2019 to 2020 to study the response of green manuring and nitrogen management on growth and yield of niger. The experiment consisted of four crop sequences and four nitrogen levels with split plot design. The data revealed that growing of niger crop after incorporation of cowpea as green manure along with application of recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in significantly highest seed yield of 645.6 kg/ha and 684.1 kg/ha with a net monetary return of Rs.17939/ha and Rs.30853/ha and benefit cost ratio of 1.7 and 2.9 during the year 2019 and 2020 respectively.
Machine Learning-Based Models for Basic Sediment & Water and Sand-Cut Prediction in Matured Niger Delta Fields
Authors: Abuh Frank A. , Akpabio Julius U. , Okon Anietie N.
Published: October 2023

Oil production from matured fields in the Niger Delta is characterised by basic sediment and water (BS&W) and sand or sand-cut (Scut) production. The predominant factor for this production is the unconsolidated nature of the formations in the Niger Delta. The available correlations for estimating BS&W and Scut are based more on the intrinsic reservoir properties than controllable wellhead variables during oil production. This study developed neural-based models to predict BS&W and Scut based on multiple-inputs single-output (MISO) and multiple-inputs multiple-outputs (MIMO) networks using 457 datasets from 43 oilfields in the Niger Delta. The performances of the neural-based models with new fields test datasets were determined using some statistical yardsticks: coefficient of determination (R2), correlation coefficient (R), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), average relative error (ARE), and average absolute relative error (AARE). The results indicate that the MISO neural-based models had overall R and MSE values of 0.9999 and 2.0698\(\times\)10-5, respectively, for BS&W and 0.9995 and 2.1529\(\times\)10-6 for Scut. In contrast, the MIMO neural-based model had overall R and MSE values of 0.9997 and 7.5865\(\times\)10-5. The generalisation performance of the MISO neural-based models with new field test datasets resulted in R2, R, MSE, RMSE, ARE and AAPRE of 0.97406, 0.98695, 2.08143, 1.44272, -0.00638 and 0.28755, respectively, for the BS&W model and R2 of 0.89558, R of 0.93544, MSE of 0.01736, RMSE of 0.13177, ARE of 0.01338 and AARE of 0.01759 for the Scut model. Furthermore, the MIMO-based model with new field test datasets resulted in R2, R, MSE, RMSE, ARE and AAPRE of 0.97317, 0.98650, 2.15293, 1.46729, -0.00713 and 0.25064, respectively, for BS&W, while the Scut model had R2 of 0.87505, R of 0.93544, MSE of 0.02118, RMSE of 0.14554, ARE of -0.02280 and AARE of 0.02996. Also, the relative importance of the input parameters of the MISO and MIMO neural-based models in predicting BS&W and Scut is \(q_0\) >Pr>Pwh>S> \(\gamma\)API . Based on the statistical indicators obtained, the predictions of the developed neural models were close to the actual fields’ datasets. Thus, the neural-based models should apply as tools for estimating BS&W and Scut in mature fields in the Niger Delta.
O Potencial da Pesquisa em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias
Authors: G. Feitosa Maria Angela
Published: October 2023

This article systematizes classes taught for a discipline that is part of the curricular emphasis “Psychology, Diversity, Technologies and Society”, of the undergraduate course in Psychology at the University of Brasília. Articles and chapters were searched in SciELO, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, and Google Scholar from 2017 to February 2023. Other sources, including government and non-governmental organization websites, were searched to fi ll in gaps. The selection of materials considered topicality, diversity, impact and accessibility for teaching context. The article refl ects the initial part of the discipline, which is followed by prospecting by students on possibilities of contribution of scientifi c knowledge in psychology to the production of applications. It explores the relationship between scientifi c production in psychology and the generation of applications inside and outside psychology, with or without its direct participation. It exemplifi es actions within psychology to demonstrate how it can contribute to applications in diff erent contexts. It demonstrates how applications of psychology can result in technologies, with an emphasis on assistive technologies and enabling technologies; how psychology can and should participate in the diff erent stages of technology development, implementation and evaluation. It analyzes the evolution of the concept of translational research, the opportunities and threats that this science development paradigm off ers psychology, and its intertwining with the development of assistive technology. It concludes with refl ections on the university’s role in preparing professionals to work on multidisciplinary projects in search of innovative solutions to complex and challenging problems of social relevance.Keywords: Knowledge construction, applied psychology, transdisciplinarity, assistive technology, translational research
COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness and Reasons for Vaccine Refusal
Authors: Lun Phyllis , Ning Ke , Wang Yishan , Ma Tiffany S. W. , Flores Francis P. , Xiao Xiao , Subramaniam Mythily , Abdin Edimansyah , Tian Linwei , Tsang Tim K. , Leung Kathy , Wu Joseph T. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Leung Gabriel M. , Ni Michael Y.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Hong Kong was held as an exemplar for pandemic response until it recorded the world’s highest daily COVID-19 mortality, which was likely due to vaccine refusal. To prevent this high mortality in future pandemics, information on underlying reasons for vaccine refusal is necessary.

Objectives

To track the evolution of COVID-19 vaccination willingness and uptake from before vaccine rollout to mass vaccination, to examine factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal and compare with data from Singapore, and to assess the population attributable fraction for vaccine refusal.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from randomly sampled participants from 14 waves of population-based studies in Hong Kong (February 2020 to May 2022) and 2 waves of population-based studies in Singapore (May 2020 to June 2021 and October 2021 to January 2022), and a population-wide registry of COVID-19 vaccination appointments. Data were analyzed from February 23, 2021, to May 30, 2022.

Exposures

Trust in COVID-19 vaccine information sources (ie, health authorities, physicians, traditional media, and social media); COVID-19 vaccine confidence on effectiveness, safety, and importance; COVID-19 vaccine misconceptions on safety and high-risk groups; political views; and COVID-19 policies (ie, workplace vaccine mandates and vaccine pass).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were the weighted prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination willingness over the pandemic, adjusted incidence rate ratios, and population attributable fractions of COVID-19 vaccine refusal. A secondary outcome was change in daily COVID-19 vaccination appointments.

Results

The study included 28 007 interviews from 20 waves of longitudinal data, with 1114 participants in the most recent wave (median [range] age, 54.2 years [20-92] years; 571 [51.3%] female). Four factors—mistrust in health authorities, low vaccine confidence, vaccine misconceptions, and political views—could jointly account for 82.2% (95% CI, 62.3%-100.0%) of vaccine refusal in adults aged 18 to 59 years and 69.3% (95% CI, 47.2%-91.4%) of vaccine refusal in adults aged 60 years and older. Workplace vaccine mandates were associated with 62.2% (95% CI, 9.9%-139.2%) increases in daily COVID-19 vaccination appointments, and the Hong Kong vaccine pass was associated with 124.8% (95% CI, 65.9%-204.6%) increases in daily COVID-19 vaccination appointments.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that trust in health authorities was fundamental to overcoming vaccine hesitancy. As such, engendering trust in health care professionals, experts, and public health agencies should be incorporated into pandemic preparedness and response.
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in 2 Patients With Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
Authors: Iwahashi Chiharu , Sakamoto Masuo , Ohguro Nobuyuki , Kusaka Shunji
Published: October 2023

This case report describes the use of tirabrutinib to treat 2 individuals with vitreoretinal lymphoma.
Deep Learning Performance of Ultra-Widefield Fundus Imaging for Screening Retinal Lesions in Rural Locales
Authors: Cui Tingxin , Lin Duoru , Yu Shanshan , Zhao Xinyu , Lin Zhenzhe , Zhao Lanqin , Xu Fabao , Yun Dongyuan , Pang Jianyu , Li Ruiyang , Xie Liqiong , Zhu Pengzhi , Huang Yuzhe , Huang Hongxin , Hu Changming , Huang Wenyong , Liang Xiaoling , Lin Haotian
Published: October 2023

Importance

Retinal diseases are the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and timely detection contributes to prevention of permanent vision loss, especially for patients in rural areas with limited medical resources. Deep learning systems (DLSs) based on fundus images with a 45° field of view have been extensively applied in population screening, while the feasibility of using ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus image–based DLSs to detect retinal lesions in patients in rural areas warrants exploration.

Objective

To explore the performance of a DLS for multiple retinal lesion screening using UWF fundus images from patients in rural areas.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this diagnostic study, a previously developed DLS based on UWF fundus images was used to screen for 5 retinal lesions (retinal exudates or drusen, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, retinal hemorrhage, lattice degeneration or retinal breaks, and retinal detachment) in 24 villages of Yangxi County, China, between November 17, 2020, and March 30, 2021.

Interventions

The captured images were analyzed by the DLS and ophthalmologists.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The performance of the DLS in rural screening was compared with that of the internal validation in the previous model development stage. The image quality, lesion proportion, and complexity of lesion composition were compared between the model development stage and the rural screening stage.

Results

A total of 6222 eyes in 3149 participants (1685 women [53.5%]; mean [SD] age, 70.9 [9.1] years) were screened. The DLS achieved a mean (SD) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.918 (0.021) (95% CI, 0.892-0.944) for detecting 5 retinal lesions in the entire data set when applied for patients in rural areas, which was lower than that reported at the model development stage (AUC, 0.998 [0.002] [95% CI, 0.995-1.000]; P < .001). Compared with the fundus images in the model development stage, the fundus images in this rural screening study had an increased frequency of poor quality (13.8% [860 of 6222] vs 0%), increased variation in lesion proportions (0.1% [6 of 6222]-36.5% [2271 of 6222] vs 14.0% [2793 of 19 891]-21.3% [3433 of 16 138]), and an increased complexity of lesion composition.

Conclusions and Relevance

This diagnostic study suggests that the DLS exhibited excellent performance using UWF fundus images as a screening tool for 5 retinal lesions in patients in a rural setting. However, poor image quality, diverse lesion proportions, and a complex set of lesions may have reduced the performance of the DLS; these factors in targeted screening scenarios should be taken into consideration in the model development stage to ensure good performance.
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid of a Metastable β‐Type Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr Biomedical Alloy with Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: Silva Jailson da , Viana Catarine Corrêa , Silva Rodrigo da , Vacchi Guilherme dos Santos , Filho Anibal de Andrade Mendes , Rovere Carlos Alberto Della , Plaine Athos Henrique
Published: October 2023

Herein, the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid of the β‐type Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ) are investigated and compared to Ti6Al4V alloy. The samples are obtained from the solution‐treated (ST) and water‐quenched TNTZ bars. Following quenching, the bars are cold rolled aged (CRA) at 673 K for 20 min in order to reach a desired combination of high yield strength and low elastic modulus. The corrosion tests are conducted using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during a long period of immersion in physiological Ringer's solution (up to 144 h), and the mechanical behaviors are assessed through uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that both TNTZ ST and CRA conditions have lower Young's moduli than Ti6Al4V. However, with CRA treatment, the alloy is significantly strengthened due to a homogeneous precipitation of nanometer‐sized α‐phase with lenticular morphology in the β‐matrix. Potentiodynamic polarization and EIS results reveal that both TNTZ CRA and Ti6Al4V passivate under testing conditions, and the passive current density is very low, providing corrosion resistance in the potential range studied. The EIS results also reveal that the passive film formed on the surface of both materials is highly corrosion resistant.
Efficient and Selective Recovery of Gold from Thiosulfate Leaching Solution Using Functionalized β‐Cyclodextrins Synthesized by a Steric Hindrance Strategy
Authors: Li Xinrong , Chen Shuliang , Hu Xianzhi , Zi Futing
Published: October 2023

Designing suitable adsorbents is a key challenge in the recovery of Au(I) from thiosulfate gold‐leaching solutions as the ideal adsorbent not only possesses abundant active sites with high affinities and selectivities toward Au(I), but also demonstrates fast recovery of Au(I) at high purity and large capacity. Herein, guided by theoretical calculations, a water‐insoluble inclusion complex is synthesized using β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and diphenylphosphine (DPP) as host and guest molecules, respectively, by a steric hindrance strategy for highly efficient and selective Au(I) recovery. The prepared β‐CD@DPP exhibits outstanding Au(I) adsorption performance, with a saturated loading capacity of 146.28 mg g−1. The excellent adsorption performance of β‐CD@DPP for Au(I) is mainly attributed to the full exposure of the adsorption site and the weakly alkaline adsorption environment. Furthermore, β‐CD@DPP demonstrates outstanding selectivity for Au(I) in a Cu─NH3─thiosulfate gold‐leaching solution, and the Au(I) recovery rate is higher than 99%. Synthesis of β‐CD@DPP primarily depends on the weak interactions between DPP and β‐CD. Mechanism of adsorption of Au(I) on β‐CD@DPP involves ligand exchange between PPh2− and [Au(S2O3)2]3−. This study provides a new idea and material preparation method for highly efficient, selective, and large‐capacity recovery of Au(I) from thiosulfate leaching solution.
Synergizing a Large Ordinary Nernst Effect and Axis‐Dependent Conduction Polarity in Flat Band KMgBi Crystals
Authors: Ochs Andrew M. , Fecher Gerhard H. , He Bin , Schnelle Walter , Felser Claudia , Heremans Joseph P. , Goldberger Joshua E.
Published: October 2023

The exploration of quantum materials in which an applied thermo/electrical/magnetic field along one crystallographic direction produces an anisotropic response has led to unique functionalities. Along these lines, KMgBi is a layered, narrow gap semiconductor near a critical state between multiple Dirac phases due to the presence of a flat band near the Fermi level. The valence band is highly anisotropic with minimal cross‐plane dispersion, which, in combination with an isotropic conduction band, enables axis‐dependent conduction polarity. Thermopower and Hall measurements indicate dominant p‐type conduction along the cross‐plane direction, and n‐type conduction along the in‐plane direction, leading to a significant zero‐field transverse thermoelectric response when the heat flux is at an angle to the principal crystallographic directions. Additionally, a large Ordinary Nernst effect (ONE) is observed with an applied field.  It arises from the ambipolar term in the Nernst effect, whereby the Lorentz force on electrons and holes makes them drift in opposite directions so that the resulting Nernst voltage becomes a function of the difference between their partial thermopowers, greatly enhancing the ONE. It is proven that axis‐dependent polarity can synergistically enhance the ONE, in addition to leading to a zero‐field transverse thermoelectric performance.
Metallization of Targeted Protein Assemblies in Cell‐Derived Extracellular Matrix by Antibody‐Guided Biotemplating
Authors: Song Chang Woo , Ahn Jaewan , Yong Insung , Kim Nakhyun , Park Chan E , Kim Sein , Chung Sung‐Yoon , Kim Pilnam , Kim Il‐Doo , Chang Jae‐Byum
Published: October 2023

Biological systems are composed of hierarchical structures made of a large number of proteins. These structures are highly sophisticated and challenging to replicate using artificial synthesis methods. To exploit these structures in materials science, biotemplating is used to achieve biocomposites that accurately mimic biological structures and impart functionality of inorganic materials, including electrical conductivity. However, the biological scaffolds used in previous studies are limited to stereotypical and simple morphologies with little synthetic diversity because of a lack of control over their morphologies. This study proposes that the specific protein assemblies within the cell‐derived extracellular matrix (ECM), whose morphological features are widely tailorable, can be employed as versatile biotemplates. In a typical procedure, a fibrillar assembly of fibronectin—a constituent protein of the ECM—is metalized through an antibody‐guided biotemplating approach. Specifically, the antibody‐bearing nanogold is attached to the fibronectin through antibody–antigen interactions, and then metals are grown on the nanogold acting as a seed. The biomimetic structure can be adapted for hydrogen production and sensing after improving its electrical conductivity through thermal sintering or additional metal growth. This study demonstrates that cell‐derived ECM can be an attractive option for addressing the diversity limitation of a conventional biotemplate.
Ligand‐Mediated Homojunction Structure for High‐Efficiency FAPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Steele Julian A. , Chen Peng , Lin Tongen , He Dongxu , Zhang Chengxi , Fan Xiangqian , Solano Eduardo , Whittaker Andrew K. , Hao Mengmeng , Wang Lianzhou
Published: October 2023

Formamidinium lead iodide quantum dots (QDs) show great potential for solar cell applications but suffer from restricted charge transfer due to the insulating nature of their ligand shell. Management of the surface properties and resultant energy band alignment is the key to efficient and stable QD solar cells. Herein, an advance in QD surface passivation by introducing tailored multifunctional ligands (glycocyamine (GLA)) to the FAPbI3 QD surface is demonstrated. The incorporation of GLA ligands can partly substitute the native long‐chain insulating ligands and effectively reduce the non‐radiative recombination loss induced by surface trap states. Notably, the introduction of GLA ligands beneficially shifts the band offsets of the QD films and generates a homojunction structure with a cascading energy band alignment in the QD layers, promoting favorable charge transport and boosting the device's performance. As a result, a record‐high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.34% with improved open‐circuit voltage and fill factor is achieved. Moreover, the GLA‐assisted surface passivation boosts the device stability, in which over 80% and 75% of the original PCEs are maintained after storing the devices for 5500 h in ambient air and 768 h under continuous 1‐sun illumination, respectively.
Are there wall effects on pressure drop through randomly packed beds of spherical catalyst particles?
Authors: Dixon Anthony G.
Published: October 2023

For packed beds of low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio (), pressure drop has been found to increase at low Re <100 and decrease at high Re >1000, compared to that in unbounded beds. Particle‐resolved CFD (PRCFD) in the low Re viscous region shows that widely accepted corrections overestimate the wall effect, and an improved correction formula is given. In the inertial region at high Re it is important to use accurate and consistent values for void fraction, which strongly affects pressure drop. Literature data show reasonable agreement with a correlation developed for unbounded beds (Dixon AG., AIChE J. 2023;69(6):e18035), when the void fractions for the bounded beds are used. PRCFD simulations also confirm this agreement, and only a small further correction is suggested for the remaining wall effects on fixed bed pressure drop in the inertial range, since the correlation uses the correct limit for as Re increases.
Activatable Near‐Infrared Versatile Fluorescent and Chemiluminescent Dyes Based on the Dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran Scaffold: From Design to Imaging and Theranostics
Authors: Li Haidong , Wang Jingyun , Kim Heejeong , Peng Xiaojun , Yoon Juyoung
Published: October 2023

Activatable fluorescent and chemiluminescent dyes with near‐infrared emission have indispensable roles in the fields of bioimaging, molecular prodrugs, and phototheranostic agents. As one of the most popular fluorophore scaffolds, the dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran scaffold has been applied to fabricate a large number of versatile activatable optical dyes for analytes detection and diseases diagnosis and treatment by virtue of its high photostability, large Stokes shift, considerable two‐photon absorption cross‐section, and structural modifiability. This review discusses the molecular design strategies, recognition mechanisms, and both in vitro and in vivo bio‐applications (especially for diagnosis and therapy of tumors) of activatable dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran dyes. The final section describes the current shortcomings and future development prospects of this topic.
Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial genomes in Elateridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)
Authors: Huang Weidong , Zhu Pingzhou , Wen Mingxia , Li Zhimo , Yang Xiang , Huang Hongkui , Jia Tao , Huang Chunyang , Song Fan
Published: October 2023

The click‐beetles (Elateridae) are a species‐rich beetle family that is easily recognizable. They are distributed in all zoogeographical regions with over 11,000 species. Comparative studies of the structural characteristics of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), as well as phylogenetic relationships of click‐beetles, can improve our understanding of mitogenomic evolution. In this study, we determined four mitogenomes from Elateridae by next‐generation sequencing. The four mitogenomes were 16,005 to 16,930 bp in length with 37 typical genes and a control region (A + T‐rich region). Combined with previously reported elaterid mitogenomes, all PCGs initiate with either the standard start codon of ATN or TTG. According to the nonsynonymous/synonymous mutation ratio (Ka/Ks) of all PCGs, the highest and the lowest evolutionary rates were found for atp8 and cox1, respectively. Among the control regions of the four mitogenomes, several different patterns and numbers of tandem repeats were identified, which was the primary cause of the length variation in control regions. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on 13 protein‐coding genes and two ribosomal RNA genes from 33 species of Elateridae and two outgroups. The Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood trees had an identical topological structure. The monophyly of Cardiophorinae, Agrypninae and Elaterinae was recovered with high support in all topologies, and the Tetralobinae was placed as the earliest branch in the Elateridae. Expanding the availability of mitogenomic and genomic data from a broader range of click‐beetles could provide more clarity on the disputed relationships among subfamilies within Elateridae.
Hunting with dogs: a synthesis of ethnohistorical data and discussion of their implications for prehistoric subsistence in New Guinea
Authors: Koungoulos Loukas G. , Brumm Adam
Published: October 2023

The advent of the dog is widely recognised as a major development in the economic organisation of ancient and contemporary hunter‐gatherer and agricultural societies. Although the utility of dogs in assisting recent historical and contemporary New Guinean hunters is commonly emphasised in anthropological discourse, to date there has been no critical evaluation of their actual contributions to hunting yields and nutrition. As a result, it remains unclear what significance the advent of hunting dogs is likely to have had for prehistoric economies in New Guinea. Here we present a comprehensive synthesis and review of the evidence for the use of dogs in hunting within New Guinea, focusing on the ways in which they assist; what kinds of game they help to capture; the degree to which they improve hunting yields and efficiency; and how this affects the taxonomic makeup and average body‐size of game in human diets. We then apply the findings to a consideration of how dogs likely affected the prehistoric economies of New Guinea after their introduction in the Late Holocene. As reliance on hunting dogs tends to produce over‐representation of a few mammal species within hunting yields, we identify potential zooarchaeological signatures for the use of dogs, and discuss excavated sites at which these may be visible. Dogs have a transformative effect on the outcomes of hunting in New Guinea's environments, and their novel use likely marked a significant development in the island's economies which has previously been underestimated.
Kinetik der thermischen Zersetzung und Bildung von Stickoxyd. II. Teil
Authors: Vetter Klaus
Published: October 2023

Im Anschluß an Messungen der thermischen Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit des NO werden auf Grund eines bereits aufgestellten Reaktionsschemas die Größen der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Einzelreaktionen und deren Temperaturkoeffizienten unter Verwendung thermodynamisch‐statistischer Werte für hierzu benötigte Gleichgewichtskonstanten berechnet. Es konnten so für fast alle Einzelreaktionen die Aktivierungsenergien und sterischen Faktoren ermittelt werden, welche mit theoretischen Erwägungen im Einklang stehen. Ein Vergleich mit früheren Angaben über verschiedene Einzelreaktionen wird durchgeführt und hierbei Übereinstimmung der Größen gefunden.

Über eine Beteiligung der Reaktion NO+NO → N2+O2 kann keine sichere Aussage gemacht werden. Aus theoretischen Gründen ist für sie eine große Aktivierungsenergie zu erwarten.
Die Benetzbarkeit von Zellulosenitratfilmen durch Wasser
Authors: Haul R. , Mittag R.
Published: October 2023

Aus Tropfenabbildungen und aus der Steighöhe in Kapillaren wurde der Benetzungswinkel Zellulosenitrat/ Wasser ermittelt. Für Zellulosedinitrat ergibt sich beispielsweise ein Randwinkel von 77° und eine freie Adhäsions‐energie von 90 erg/cm2. Mit steigendem Nitrierungsgrad wird die Benetzung schlechter, wobei der Randwinkel praktisch linear mit dem Stickstoffgehalt ansteigt. Die Benetzbarkeit wurde vom molekular‐physikalischen Standpunkt aus erörtert und dabei der bestimmende Einfluß der nicht veresterten Hydroxylgruppen der Zellulose hervorgehoben.
Zur Elektrochemie feinporiger Kapillarsysteme I. Übersicht
Authors: Schmid Gerhard
Published: October 2023

Bei sehr feinporigen Kapillarsystemen erstreckt sich die Helmholtzsche Doppelschicht der Wandungen über das ganze Poreninnere und verliert damit ihren eigentlichen Charakter als „Wand”︁‐Ladung. Es wird gezeigt, wie man nicht nur die elektrokinetischen Erscheinungen, sondern auch die elektrische Leitfähigkeit und die Dialysepotentiale von einem einheitlichen Standpunkt her verstehen kann, wenn man die feinporigen Kapillarsysteme als nahezu homogene Elektrolyte mit den Wandladungen als unbeweglichen Ionen auffaßt. Die Formeln enthalten dann die Festionenkonzentration statt des ξ‐Potentials und gestatten eine zum Teil quantitative Beschreibung fremder und eigener Messungen der Elektroosmose, der Leitfähigkeit, der Strömungs‐ und Dialysepotentiale mit nur einer Membrankonstanten.
Über die Widerstandspolarisation II: Ihre zeitliche Veränderung und die daraus folgenden Aussagen über die Polarisationserscheinungen an Systemen Metall/Deckschicht/Lösung
Authors: Falk Georg , Krieg Martin , Lange Erich
Published: October 2023

Im Rahmen der allgemeinen Aufgabe einer Analyse von Gesamtpolarisationsbeträgen durch Angabe entsprechender Grundpolarisationsanteile kann die Widerstandspolarisation ΔgΩ auf Grund ihres in größenordnungsmäßig 10−5 sek erfolgenden Einstellens leicht abgetrennt werden. Der Vorteil. der Aufnahme der Gesamtpolarisations‐Zeitkurven und der gleichzeitigen zeitlichen Veränderung des Widerstandspolarisationsanteiles bei intermittierender Gleichstrombelastung der Elektroden in Form von Stromstößen und Strom‐pausen von je etwa 3 sek wird erörtert. Die hierzu, entsprechend der Arbeit I1), benutzten Kathodenstrahl‐aufnahmen werden auch zur Bestimmung der Anfangspolarisationskapazität Ct = 0 der übrigen Grundpolarisationsanteile ausgewertet. Für Metall/Lösungssysteme mit anodischer Deckschichtbildung werden einige Modellvorstellungen zur

Deutung der zeitlichen Veränderung der ΔgΩ‐ und Ct = 0‐Werte und der Gesamtpolarisation entworfen. Das Meßverfahren wird auf die Systeme Blei oder Silber'Halogenwasserstoffsäure und Blei/Schwefelsäure angewendet. Der Widerstandspolarisationsanteil beträgt in keinem Falle mehr als etwa 40% der Gesamtpolarisation. An den Halogenwasserstoffsäuresystemen läßt sich die zeitliche Veränderung der Meßgrößen auf eine poröse Struktur der Halogeniddeckschichten zurückführen. Hier dürften im übrigen Aktivierungs‐ und Konzentrationspolarisation vorliegen, wobei letztere bei höheren Stromdichten undefiniert wird. Am System Blei/Schwefelsäure ist deutlich eine allmähliche stoffliche Umwandlung der Deckschicht im Sinne von Wechselpolarisation erkennbar.
Eine Analyse der Stromspannungskurve bei gleichzeitiger Abscheidung von Wasserstoff und Nickel
Authors: Reiser H. J. , Fischer H.
Published: October 2023

Bei gleichzeitiger Abscheidung von H2 und Ni aus einer 1 m NiCl2‐Lösung in 1 m HCl wurde die kathodische Gesamtstrom‐Spannungskurve der zweifachen Elektrode in einem Stromdichtebereich von 1·10−1 bis 1·10−3 A/cm2 aufgenommen. Aus den Stromausbeuten konnten die Teilstrom‐Spannungskurven für reine H2‐ und reine Ni‐Abscheidung verglichen werden.

Bei der H2‐Abscheidung läßt sich der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt in der katalysierten Rekombination von H zu H2 sehen. Das mitabgeschiedene Nickel wirkt hierbei katalytisch. Bei der alleinigen Ni‐Abscheidung ist sekundäre Inhibition durch kolloidales Nickelhydroxyd zu vermuten.
Das anodische Verhalten des Nickels in Schwefelsäure
Authors: Landsberc R. , Hollnagel M.
Published: October 2023

Durch Reduktion von Nickel in Wasserstoff bei et was 500°C und Arbeiten unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen gelingt es, reproduzierbare Passivierungszeiten zu messen. Bei sonst konstanten Bedingungen wurde für den Zusammenhang zwischen der Stromdichte J und der Passivierungszeit t die Gleichung (J ‐ J0) √t = konst. gefunden. J0 ist eine Konstante. Diese Beziehung wurde mit derjenigen von Sand verglichen und die Fortwanderung von Wasserstoffionen für den Eintritt der Passivierung verantwortlich gemacht. Einen geringen Einfluß übt die Nickelionenkonzentration, einen diesen Vorstellungen entsprechend großen Einfluß die Säurekonzentration auf die Passivierbarkeit aus. Der im Nickel gelöste Wasserstoff beeinflußt die Passivierungseigenschaften des Metalls. Die Ruhepotentiale wurden gemessen.