bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory, functional characteristics and in vitro digestibility of snacks supplemented with non‐traditional ingredient raw and processed fenugreek
Authors: Wani Sajad Ahmad , Alwahibi Mona S. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Abdel Gawwad Mohamed R. , Ali Mohammad Ajmal , Alhaji Jwaher Haji , Naik Haroon Rashid , Kumar Pradyuman
Published: November 2021

Fenugreek seeds were germinated, soaked and roasted and were evaluated for nutritional properties. Raw and processed fenugreek seeds were used to develop snack product. Snacks were examined for the sensorial, functional, antinutritional properties and in vitro digestibility. Using sensory analysis, 5% level of substitution of raw and processed fenugreek was accepted for the development of extruded snacks. Lateral expansion was highest for snacks prepared from processed fenugreek (163.0% to 206.1%) than raw fenugreek (162.5 to 168.7%), and vice versa for bulk density. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were highest for snacks prepared from germinated fenugreek (7.30% to 9.87% and 1.352 to 3.561 mg GAE g−1 of sample) and lowest for snacks prepared from raw fenugreek (6.68% to 7.03% and 1.29 to 2.76 mg GAE g−1 of sample). Not only extrusion but also processing such as soaking, roasting and germination reduced the antinutritional content of the snack product. Both in vitro digestibilities increased with extrusion cooking. In vitro digestibility was also found to be higher in snacks prepared from processed fenugreek than raw fenugreek. Therefore, development of such functional foods using processed fenugreek would raise the consumer demand and benefit the population by increasing the health status.
Sudden cardiac death related to physical exercise in the young: a nationwide cohort study of Australia
Authors: Ha Francis J. , Han Hui‐Chen , Sanders Prashanthan , La Gerche Andre , Teh Andrew W. , Farouque Omar , Lim Han S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) during physical exercise is devastating.

Aims

To evaluate causes and circumstances of exercise‐related SCD in the young in Australia.

Methods

We reviewed the National Coronial Information System database for deaths in Australia relating to cardiovascular disease in cases aged 10–35 years between 2000 and 2016. Cases who had undertaken physical exercise at the time of the event were included. We collected demographics, circumstances of death, type of physical exercise, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) use prior to ambulance arrival.

Results

Over a 17‐year period, 1925 SCD cases were identified, of which 110 (6%) cases (median age 27 years (interquartile range 21–32 years); 92% male) were related to sports/physical exercise. Thirteen (12%) cases occurred in active athletes. Most common causes were coronary artery disease (CAD; 37%) and sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS; 20%). Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (n = 10), all deaths were related to CAD. Australian Rules Football (24%), running/jogging (14%) and soccer (14%) were the most frequent physical exercise activities. Prior symptoms were present in 39% (chest pain 37%, pre‐syncope/syncope 26%). Most (87%) were witnessed, with bystander CPR in 70%. AED use prior to ambulance arrival was 8%.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates the high occurrence of CAD and SADS in SCD in the young related to physical exercise. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were disproportionately affected by CAD. Although events were commonly witnessed, AED was seldom used prior to ambulance arrival and highlights an important opportunity to improve outcomes in the post‐arrest chain of survival.
Frunevetmab, a felinized anti‐nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis in cats
Authors: Gruen Margaret E. , Myers Jamie A. E. , Tena Jezaniah‐Kira S. , Becskei Csilla , Cleaver Dawn M. , Lascelles B. Duncan X.
Published: November 2021

Background

Frunevetmab, a felinized antinerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, effectively decreases osteoarthritis (OA) pain in cats.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of frunevetmab given at monthly intervals in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, double‐blind superiority study.

Animals

Two hundred seventy‐five client‐owned cats with naturally‐occurring OA pain and associated mobility impairment and disability.

Methods

Randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, double‐blind, superiority study. Following screening, cats received frunevetmab (nominal dose of 1.0 mg/kg, SC [effective dose range of 1.0‐2.8 mg/kg]) or placebo on days 0, 28, and 56. Outcome measures were owner questionnaires and veterinary physical and orthopedic evaluations at days 28, 56, and 84. Success/failure rates (and numbers needed treat, NNT) and change in scores (and standardized effect size, ES) were analyzed.

Results

Frunevetmab (182) and placebo (93) treated cats were enrolled and received at least 1 treatment. Significant improvement with frunevetmab over placebo occurred at days 28 and 56 for the client specific outcome measures (CSOM) questionnaire (success rates and total scores [NNT of 9 and ES of 0.3 at day 56]); at days 28 and 56 for owner‐assessed global treatment response; and at days 56 and 84 for veterinarian‐assessed joint pain (ES of 0.18 at day 56). Adverse events did not differ between groups, except skin disorders which collectively occurred significantly more frequently in frunevetmab treated (32/182 cats) vs placebo (8/93 cats).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Frunevetmab has the potential to address a critical gap in the treatment of pain because of osteoarthritis in cats.
Sympathetic regulation of coronary circulation during handgrip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex activation in men
Authors: Prodel Eliza , Cavalcanti Thiago , Rocha Helena N. M. , Gondim Maitê L. , Mira Pedro A. C. , Fisher James P. , Nobrega Antonio C. L.
Published: November 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What is the role of β‐ and α‐adrenergic receptors in the control of the coronary circulation during handgrip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex activation in humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?

β‐Adrenergic receptor, but not α‐adrenergic receptor, blockade significantly blunted the increases in coronary blood velocity observed during handgrip. Coronary blood velocity was unchanged from baseline during isolated muscle metaboreflex activation. This highlights the important role of β‐adrenergic receptors in the coronary circulation during handgrip in humans, and the more limited involvement of the α‐adrenergic receptors.

We sought to investigate the role of β‐ and α‐adrenergic receptors in coronary circulation during static handgrip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex activation in humans. Seventeen healthy young men underwent two experimental sessions, consisting of 3 min of static handgrip exercise at a target force of 40% maximum voluntary force (not achieved for the full 3 min), and 3 min of metaboreflex activation (post‐exercise ischaemia) in two conditions: (1) control and β‐blockade (oral propranolol), and (2) control and α‐blockade (oral prazosin). In both sessions, coronary blood velocity (CBV, echocardiography) was increased during handgrip (Δ8.0 ± 7.4 cm s–1) but unchanged with metaboreflex activation (Δ2.5 ± 3.2 cm s–1) under control conditions. β‐Blockade abolished the increase in CBV during handgrip, while CBV was unchanged from control with α‐blockade. Cardiac work, estimated from rate pressure product (RPP; systolic blood pressure multiplied by heart rate), increased during handgrip and metaboreflex in control conditions in both sessions. β‐Blockade reduced RPP responses to handgrip and metaboreflex, whereas α‐blockade increased RPP, but the responses to handgrip and metaboreflex were unchanged. CBV and RPP were only significantly correlated during handgrip under control (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) and β‐blockade (r = 0.54, P = 0.03) conditions, and the slope of this relationship was unaltered with β‐blockade. Collectively, these findings indicate that β‐adrenergic receptors play the primary role to the increase of coronary circulation during handgrip exercise, but CBV is unchanged with metaboreflex activation, while α‐adrenergic receptor stimulation seems to exert no effect in the control of the coronary circulation during handgrip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex activation in humans.
Disseminated blastomycosis in a patient with polycythemia vera on ruxolitinib
Authors: Zeitler Kristen , Jariwala Ripal , Alrabaa Sally , Sriaroon Chakrapol
Published: November 2021

Ruxolitinib (RUX) is a kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of various medical conditions and its mechanism of action involves suppression of the immune system. While beneficial in treatment of polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis and other indications, it can also increase a patient’s susceptibility to various infections, including bacterial, viral and fungal. We present a case of a patient being treated with RUX who presented with a disseminated fungal infection. This case emphasises the need for vigilance of endemic fungal infections in individuals who are on RUX therapy.
Mechanical thrombectomy through a ‘carotid–carotid bypass’
Authors: Reddy Prashanth , Kamran Mudassar , Patro Satya Narayana
Published: November 2021

An elderly patient presented with acute-onset right-sided weakness and aphasia. A large penumbra was noted in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory without any infarct core. The patient was noted to have a carotid–carotid bypass. This posed certain technical challenge in accessing the intracranial circulation across the carotid bypass; however, the guiding catheter with soft distal segment was successfully navigated coaxially over the aspiration catheter across the bypass and intracranial circulation was accessed for mechanical thrombectomy. Complete recanalisation and reperfusion were achieved with significant neurological recovery of the patient post-thrombectomy. The aim of this report is to emphasise on this rarely encountered situation in thrombectomy and its successful management. The procedure should not be delayed or deferred due to lack of operator experience.
Hemi-central retinal vein occlusion as a rare manifestation of the hypercoagulable state in COVID-19
Authors: Russe-Russe Jose R , Alvarez-Betancourt Alejandro , Milburn Amanda , Anand Prachi
Published: November 2021

To date, COVID-19 has no definite effective targeted therapy, and management is primarily supportive. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is frequently caused by systemic risk factors posing hypercoagulable states. In April 2020, a female patient with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease presented with 2 days of loose, watery stools, nasal congestion and severe lethargy. The patient denied dyspnoea or fever. A week after the initial symptoms, the patient reported decreased vision from the left eye. Dilated funduscopy and fluorescein angiography suggested hemi-CRVO. The patient refused intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor agents because of non-severe visual loss. Testing was positive for COVID-19 IgG antibodies; reverse transcription PCR was not available. Vision improved within 3 weeks of presentation. We recommend that clinicians keep a high suspicion for acute onset of thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19 and thrombotic predisposing risk factors.
Efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing the postembolisation syndrome in men undergoing prostatic artery embolisation for benign prostatic hyperplasia: protocol for a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial—the ‘DEXAPAE’ study
Authors: Svarc Petra , Stroomberg Hein Vincent , Juhl Jensen Ruben , Frevert Susanne , Håkan Lindh Mats , Taudorf Mikkel , Brasso Klaus , Lönn Lars , Røder Martin Andreas
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Postembolisation syndrome (PES) is the most common side effect of vascular embolisation of solid organs. Although prophylactic corticosteroids are known to reduce the incidence and severity of PES, no trials investigating their efficacy have been conducted in men undergoing prostatic artery embolisation (PAE). We postulate that steroids can have a similar effect in reducing PES after PAE. This paper describes the rationale and detailed protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of dexamethasone (DEXA) in reducing PES after PAE.

Methods and analysis

In this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we will enrol 60 individuals undergoing PAE for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Participants will be randomised to receive IV DEXA (24 mg) or placebo (saline). The primary outcomes will be postprocedural fever, pain and quality of life. The secondary outcomes will include postprocedural nausea, postprocedural medicine usage, laboratory parameters (C reactive protein, prostate-specific antigen) and early PAE results.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from the Danish Committee on Health Research Ethics in the Capital Region (H-20025910). The results from this trial will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and national and international presentations.

Trial registration number

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT04588857; EudraCT number: 2020-000915-53.
Treatment patterns and control of hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Jia Li , Pineau Christian A , Grenier Louis-Pierre , Vinet Evelyne , Kalache Fares , Lukusa Luck , Bernatsky Sasha
Published: November 2021

Objective

Hypertension (HTN) is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), representing a key risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. We described HTN treatment patterns in SLE, evaluated uncontrolled HTN according to Canadian and American guidelines and identified factors associated with uncontrolled HTN.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study, identifying all McGill Lupus Clinic registry patients with an annual visit between January 2017 and May 2019 who were taking HTN medications. We excluded those taking medications only for another indication (eg, Raynaud’s). We determined the frequency of uncontrolled HTN according to Canadian and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity) evaluated if uncontrolled HTN was more common with high body mass index (BMI), longer SLE duration, high disease activity, renal damage, multiple concomitant antihypertensives, prednisone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Results

Of 442 patients with SLE, 108 were taking medications to treat HTN, and 38 took multiple medications concurrently. Angiotensin-receptor blockers were most common, followed by calcium channel blockers, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers. Among the 108 patients, 39.8% (n=43) had blood pressure (BP) >140/90 mm Hg, while 66.7% (n=72) had BP >130/80 mm Hg. In multivariate analyses, uncontrolled HTN (>130/80 mm Hg) was more likely in Caucasians (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.12 to 6.78) and patients with higher BMI (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.19). Patients with renal damage had better HTN control (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.97). We could not draw definitive conclusions regarding other variables.

Conclusion

Caucasians and patients with higher BMI had more uncontrolled HTN. The negative association with renal damage is reassuring, as controlled BP is key for renal protection.
Exploring research on the coping strategies of black survivors of homicide victims: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Edwards Travonne , Sharpe Tanya , Bonomo Antonia , Massaquoi Notisha
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Black people are disproportionately impacted by homicide. However, despite this over-representation, research is limited relevant to how black individuals, families and communities cope with the chronic traumatic devastation of homicide. This scoping review will provide an amalgamation of the current literature regarding the coping strategies of black survivors of homicide victims to inform future health and social work practice.

Methods and analysis

In this scoping review, Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework will be used to succinctly gather and synthesise previous literature and identify gaps in research relevant to black survivors of homicide victims. This method will allow for a focused process of chosen pertinent databases. The seven databases include OVID (MEDLINE and PsycINFO), ProQuest (Sociological Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, International Bibliography of Social Sciences), EBSCO (Africa Wide, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). The seven databases were chosen for their relevance to the topic of coping with homicide for black individuals, families and communities. All members of the research team will screen the abstracts and full texts of the literature based on the inclusion criteria. The findings will be charted and synthesised using a qualitative thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

The articles chosen for this review will be gathered from peer-reviewed journals and scholarly search engines. Due to this research project’s nature, ethics approval is not warranted. The results of this scoping review will inform culturally responsive approaches to research, policy and practice for first responders (eg, law enforcement, emergency medical technicians) and providers (eg, mental health clinicians, physicians and faith-based communities) who frequently render services to black survivors of homicide victims. The results will be shared through journal article publications, academic and community conferences, as well as professional training opportunities for practitioners who support Black individuals, families and communities.
Protocol for rapid onset of mobilisation in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (PROMPT-SCI) study: a single-arm proof-of-concept trial of early in-bed leg cycling following acute traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Richard-Denis Andreane , Petit Yvan , Bernard Francis , Barthélemy Dorothy , Dionne Antoine , Magnuson David S K
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Activity-based therapy (ABT) is an important aspect of rehabilitation following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Unfortunately, it has never been adapted to acute care despite compelling preclinical evidence showing that it is safe and effective for promoting neurological recovery when started within days after SCI. This article provides the protocol for a study that will determine the feasibility and explore potential benefits of early ABT in the form of in-bed leg cycling initiated within 48 hours after the end of spinal surgery for SCI.

Methods and analysis

PROMPT-SCI (protocol for rapid onset of mobilisation in patients with traumatic SCI) is a single-site single-arm proof-of-concept trial. Forty-five patients aged 18 years or older with a severe traumatic SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A, B or C) from C0 to L2 undergoing spinal surgery within 48 hours of the injury will be included. Participants will receive daily 30 min continuous sessions of in-bed leg cycling for 14 consecutive days, initiated within 48 hours of the end of spinal surgery. The feasibility outcomes are: (1) absence of serious adverse events associated with cycling, (2) completion of 1 full session within 48 hours of spinal surgery for 90% of participants and (3) completion of 11 sessions for 80% of participants. Patient outcomes 6 weeks and 6 months after the injury will be measured using neurofunctional assessments, quality of life questionnaires and inpatient length of stay. Feasibility and patient outcomes will be analysed with descriptive statistics. Patient outcomes will also be compared with a matched historical cohort that has not undergone in-bed cycling using McNemar and Student’s t-tests for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination

PROMPT-SCI is approved by the Research Ethics Board of the CIUSSS NIM. Recruitment began in April 2021. Dissemination strategies include publications in scientific journals and presentations at conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT04699474.
Anal human papillomavirus infection among men who have sex with men and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ejaz Muslima , Andersson Soren , Batool Salma , Ali Tazeen , Ekström Anna Mia
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection, genotypes and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan. Anal infection with HPV is very common worldwide among MSM, particularly among MSM living with HIV. The high prevalence of HIV among MSM and male-to-female transgendered individuals in Pakistan is a significant health concern since access to screening and health-seeking is often delayed in this stigmatised key population.

Design

This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2016 and November 2017.

Participants, setting and data collection

This study recruited MSM and transgender-women who self-reported to have had anal sex in the last 6 months, and were at least 18 years of age, from the sexual health and antiretroviral therapy centres. Structured questionnaires were administered, and blood samples were obtained to confirm HIV status. Anal swabs were collected for HPV-DNA detection and typing.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the prevalence of ‘HPV-DNA infection’. The prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard model algorithms to analyse the association between exposure variables and HPV-infection.

Results

Complete data were available for 298 MSM and transgender women (HIV +n=131; HIV−n=167). The overall HPV-DNA prevalence was 65.1% and was higher in participants living with HIV as compared with HIV-negative (87% vs 48%; χ2p≤0.001). Likewise, 28.9% of participants living with HIV were infected with two or more than two types of HPV as compared with 18.8% participants without HIV(χ2p≤0.001). The most frequent HPV type was HPV6/11 (46.9%), followed by HPV16 (35.1%), HPV18 (23.2%) and HPV35 (21.1%). HIV status (PR 2.81, 95% CI 2.16 to 3.82) and never condom use (PR 3.08, 95% CI 1.69 to 5.60)) were independently associated with prevalence of ‘anal-HPV16 infection’ when adjusting for confounding for age, other sexual and behavioural factors, for example, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

High prevalence of HPV indicates a substantial future risk of anal cancer in Pakistani MSM and transgender women, and particularly in those living with HIV. Current findings support anal Pap-smear HPV screening for this particular group and vaccination efforts for future generations.
Quality indicators for transition from paediatric to adult care for adolescents with chronic physical and mental illness: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Bailey Katherine , Lee Stephanie , de Los Reyes Thomas , Lo Lisha , Gorter Jan Willem , Toulany Alene
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Transition from paediatric to adult care is a complex process, which poses significant challenges for adolescents with chronic physical and mental illnesses. For many, transfer to adult care is associated with poor health and psychosocial outcomes. Quality indicators to evaluate transition to adult care are needed to benchmark and compare performance across conditions and health systems. This systematic review aims to identify quality indicators for successful transition to adult care which can be applied across chronic physical and/or mental illnesses.

Methods

Published literature will be searched using MEDLINE, Embase and CINHAL from earliest available date to July 2021. Grey literature will be searched using the Grey Matters tool. Using a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text review. Disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Study selection and data extraction will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Study appraisal will be completed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation for Quality Indicators instrument. Extracted quality indicators will be categorised into a conceptual framework.

Ethics and dissemination

Results from this review will offer novel insights into quality indicators that may be used to measure and evaluate transition success across conditions, which will be disseminated via a Canadian transition collaborative, workshops and peer-reviewed publication. Extracted quality indicators will be further prioritised in a Delphi study with patients, caregivers and providers. This is a critical step in developing a core set of metrics to evaluate transitions to adult care. Ethics approval is not required as this review will identify and synthesise findings from published literature.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020198030.
Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles contributes to radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Fu Chenchun , Shi Jinjun , Su Xiangyu , Feng Shicheng , Wang Sheng
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to explore the effect of ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMBs) on tumor radiosensitivity in esophageal carcinoma (EC). The human EC cell line KYSE-510 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to radiation alone or in combination with USMBs. CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assays were used to determine cell viability and proliferation. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing and transwell assays. Western blotting showed that the protein levels were associated with apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. An endothelial tube-forming assay was used to detect the angiogenic activity of HUVECs. Xenograft experiments were used to examine the effect of USMBs on EC radiosensitivity in vivo. The expression of Ki-67 in tumors was detected using immunohistochemistry. USMBs enhanced the suppressive effect of radiation on proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, and promoted radiation-induced apoptosis in EC cells in vitro. Angiogenesis in EC was suppressed by radiation and further inhibited by the combination of radiation and USMBs. In vivo experiments revealed that USMBs increased the radiosensitivity of ECs to tumor growth. Collectively, USMBs enhanced the effects of radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.
How Do Educational Experiences Predict Computing Identity?
Authors: Lunn Stephanie , Ross Monique , Hazari Zahra , Weiss Mark Allen , Georgiopoulos Michael , Christensen Kenneth
Published: November 2021

Despite increasing demands for skilled workers within the technological domain, there is still a deficit in the number of graduates in computing fields (computer science, information technology, and computer engineering). Understanding the factors that contribute to students’ motivation and persistence is critical to helping educators, administrators, and industry professionals better focus efforts to improve academic outcomes and job placement. This article examines how experiences contribute to a student’s computing identity, which we define by their interest, recognition, sense of belonging, and competence/performance beliefs. In particular, we consider groups underrepresented in these disciplines, women and minoritized racial/ethnic groups (Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx). To delve into these relationships, a survey of more than 1,600 students in computing fields was conducted at three metropolitan public universities in Florida. Regression was used to elucidate which experiences predict computing identity and how social identification (i.e., as female, Black/African American, and/or Hispanic/Latinx) may interact with these experiences. Our results suggest that several types of experiences positively predict a student’s computing identity, such as mentoring others, having a job, or having friends in computing. Moreover, certain experiences have a different effect on computing identity for female and Hispanic/Latinx students. More specifically, receiving academic advice from teaching assistants was more positive for female students, receiving advice from industry professionals was more negative for Hispanic/Latinx students, and receiving help on classwork from students in their class was more positive for Hispanic/Latinx students. Other experiences, while having the same effect on computing identity across students, were experienced at significantly different rates by females, Black/African American students, and Hispanic/Latinx students. The findings highlight experiential ways in which computing programs can foster computing identity development, particularly for underrepresented and marginalized groups in computing.
Detecting Arabic Spam Reviews in Social Networks Based on Classification Algorithms
Authors: Najadat Hassan , Alzubaidi Mohammad A. , Qarqaz Islam
Published: November 2021

Reviews or comments that users leave on social media have great importance for companies and business entities. New product ideas can be evaluated based on customer reactions. However, this use of social media is complicated by those who post spam on social media in the form of reviews and comments.

Designing methodologies to automatically detect and block social media spam is complicated by the fact that spammers continuously develop new ways to leave their spam comments. Researchers have proposed several methods to detect English spam reviews. However, few studies have been conducted to detect Arabic spam reviews. This article proposes a keyword-based method for detecting Arabic spam reviews. Keywords or Features are subsets of words from the original text that are labelled as important. A term's weight, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) matrix, and filter methods (such as information gain, chi-squared, deviation, correlation, and uncertainty) have been used to extract keywords from Arabic text.

The method proposed in this article detects Arabic spam in Facebook comments. The dataset consists of 3,000 Arabic comments extracted from Facebook pages. Four different machine learning algorithms are used in the detection process, including C4.5, kNN, SVM, and Naïve Bayes classifiers. The results show that the Decision Tree classifier outperforms the other classification algorithms, with a detection accuracy of 92.63%.
Recent Developments in Factor Models and Applications in Econometric Learning
Authors: Fan Jianqing , Li Kunpeng , Liao Yuan
Published: November 2021

This article provides a selective overview of the recent developments in factor models and their applications in econometric learning. We focus on the perspective of the low-rank structure of factor models and particularly draw attention to estimating the model from the low-rank recovery point of view. Our survey mainly consists of three parts. The first part is a review of new factor estimations based on modern techniques for recovering low-rank structures of high-dimensional models. The second part discusses statistical inferences of several factor-augmented models and their applications in statistical learning models. The final part summarizes new developments dealing with unbalanced panels from the matrix completion perspective.
Intermittent bolus feeding does not enhance protein synthesis, myonuclear accretion, or lean growth more than continuous feeding in a premature piglet model
Authors: Rudar Marko , Naberhuis Jane K. , Suryawan Agus , Nguyen Hanh V. , Stoll Barbara , Style Candace C. , Verla Mariatu A. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Burrin Douglas G. , Fiorotto Marta L. , Davis Teresa A.
Published: November 2021

Extrauterine growth restriction often occurs in premature infants but may be mitigated by optimizing enteral feeding strategies. We show that intermittent bolus feeding does not increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis, myonuclear accretion, or lean growth more than continuous feeding in preterm pigs. This attenuated anabolic response of muscle to intermittent bolus feeding, compared with previous observations in pigs born at term, may contribute to deficits in lean mass that many premature infants exhibit into adulthood.
Technical Workflow Development for Integrating Drone Surveys and Entomological Sampling to Characterise Aquatic Larval Habitats of Anopheles funestus in Agricultural Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Byrne Isabel , Chan Kallista , Manrique Edgar , Lines Jo , Wolie Rosine Z. , Trujillano Fedra , Garay Gabriel Jimenez , Del Prado Cortez Miguel Nunez , Alatrista-Salas Hugo , Sternberg Eleanore , Cook Jackie , N’Guessan Raphael , Koffi Alphonsine , Ahoua Alou Ludovic P , Apollinaire Nombre , Messenger Louisa A. , Kristan Mojca , Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Fornace Kimberly
Published: November 2021

Land-use practices such as agriculture can impact mosquito vector breeding ecology, resulting in changes in disease transmission. The typical breeding habitats of Africa’s second most important malaria vector Anopheles funestus are large, semipermanent water bodies, which make them potential candidates for targeted larval source management. This is a technical workflow for the integration of drone surveys and mosquito larval sampling, designed for a case study aiming to characterise An. funestus breeding sites near two villages in an agricultural setting in Côte d’Ivoire. Using satellite remote sensing data, we developed an environmentally and spatially representative sampling frame and conducted paired mosquito larvae and drone mapping surveys from June to August 2021. To categorise the drone imagery, we also developed a land cover classification scheme with classes relative to An. funestus breeding ecology. We sampled 189 potential breeding habitats, of which 119 (63%) were positive for the Anopheles genus and nine (4.8%) were positive for An. funestus. We mapped 30.42 km2 of the region of interest including all water bodies which were sampled for larvae. These data can be used to inform targeted vector control efforts, although its generalisability over a large region is limited by the fine-scale nature of this study area. This paper develops protocols for integrating drone surveys and statistically rigorous entomological sampling, which can be adjusted to collect data on vector breeding habitats in other ecological contexts. Further research using data collected in this study can enable the development of deep-learning algorithms for identifying An. funestus breeding habitats across rural agricultural landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire and the analysis of risk factors for these sites.
Construction of College Students’ Physical Health Data Sharing System Based on Django Framework
Authors: Li Hui-chao , Shen Shun-fa
Published: November 2021

In view of the current situation of college students’ physical health affected by the learning environment and living environment, which leads to the low level of students’ physical health and the lack of understanding of students’ physical health, this paper puts forward the construction of college students’ physical health data sharing system based on Django framework. By analyzing the feasibility of constructing the data sharing system of college students’ physical health, this paper constructs the organizational framework of the data sharing system of college students’ physical health and constructs the data sharing system of college students’ physical health according to the implementation process of the data sharing system of college students’ physical health management service. Through the student’s physical health test on education intervention and exercise intervention, it is concluded that college students’ physical health data sharing system based on the Django framework can cultivate students’ interest in sports and improve their athletic ability and physical fitness.
Inequalities of the Type Hermite–Hadamard–Jensen–Mercer for Strong Convexity
Authors: Adil Khan Muhammad , Anwar Saeed , Khalid Sadia , Sayed Zaid Mohammed Mohammed Mahdi
Published: November 2021

By using the Jensen–Mercer inequality for strongly convex functions, we present Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer inequality for strongly convex functions. Furthermore, we also present some new Hermite‐Hadamard‐Mercer-type inequalities for differentiable functions whose derivatives in absolute value are convex.
Isothermal and Kinetic Investigation of Exploring the Potential of Citric Acid-Treated Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus Peels for Biosorptive Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Water
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Sadiq , Rehman Rabia , Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Trapa natans peels (TNPs) and Citrullus lanatus peels (CLPs) were utilized for the biosorptive removal of brilliant green dye (BGD), after modifying with citric acid. Characterization and surface morphology were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For the removal of BGD by citric acid-treated Trapa natans peels (CA-TNPs), the optimum conditions were obtained with adsorbent dose 0.8 g, contact time 25 minutes, initial pH 5, temperature 30°C, and agitation speed 100 rpm, while for the citric acid-treated Citrullus lanatus peels (CA-CLPs), adsorbent dose 0.8 g, contact time 20 minutes, pH 5, temperature 30°C, and agitation speed 100 rpm gave optimum results. The qmax values obtained were 108.6, 128, 144.9, and 188.68 mg/g for R-TNP, CA-TNP, R-CLP, and CA-CLP, respectively, while the correlation coefficient (R2) values obtained were 0.985, 0.986, 0.985, and 0.998 for R-TNP, CA-TNP, R-CLP, and CA-CLP, respectively. These favor the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, with negative (ΔG0) values of all adsorbents, determining that the adsorption phenomenon is exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Both citric acid-treated peels of Trapa natans and Citrullus lanatus were found suitable for bulk-scale eradication of hazardous, toxic, and carcinogenic basic cationic dyes.
Cruising for Parking with Autonomous and Conventional Vehicles
Authors: Nourinejad Mehdi , Roorda Matthew J.
Published: November 2021

Parking is a cumbersome part of auto travel because travelers have to search for a spot and walk from that spot to their final destination. This conventional method of parking will change with the arrival of autonomous vehicles (AV). In the near future, users of AVs get dropped off at their final destination and the occupant-free AVs search for the nearest and most convenient parking spot. Hence, individuals no longer bear the discomfort of cruising for parking while sitting in their vehicle. This paper quantifies the impact of AVs on parking occupancy and traffic flow on a corridor that connects a home zone to a downtown zone. The model considers a heterogeneous group of AVs and conventional vehicles (CV) and captures their parking behavior as they try to minimize their generalized travel costs. Insights are obtained from applying the model to two case studies with uniform and linear parking supply along the corridor. We show that (i) CVs park closer to the downtown zone in order to minimize their walking distance, whereas AVs park farther away from the downtown zone to minimize their parking search time, (ii) AVs experience a lower search time than CVs, and (iii) higher AV penetration rates reduce travel costs for both AVs and CVs.
The Factors Affecting Orthodontic Pain with Periodontitis
Authors: Peng Yuzhi , Tang Songjiang
Published: November 2021

The occurrence of pain is often closely related to the psychological status, and the threshold for pain tolerance varies from patient to patient. In short, the factors affecting orthodontic pain are diverse and have individual differences. Tooth pain after the first force of intraoral malocclusion orthodontic treatment is one of the common complications of fixed orthodontic treatment, which often affects the outcome of treatment of patients with malocclusion and their subjective satisfaction with fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the basic patterns and influencing factors of dental pain in fixed orthodontic patients within seven days after the initial wearing of straight arch aligners and the analysis of the effect of psychological intervention on dental pain using the visual simulation scoring method. According to the inclusion criteria of the experimental design, 89 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics of Hospital for malocclusion were randomly divided into observation group and control group, and the observation group used chewing gum as psychological intervention, while the control group did not use any intervention. The effect of psychological intervention on periodontal pain was analyzed. The results of the paper were that all but 3 of the 89 patients had no pain, and all the patients had different degrees of dental pain at different points in time.
IL1RAP Pulls a Double Shift in the Cysteine Factory
Authors: Yoon Sang Jun , DeNicola Gina M.
Published: November 2021

Anoikis is a critical barrier to cancer cell metastasis. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Zhang and colleagues identify that IL1 receptor accessory protein suppresses anoikis in Ewing sarcoma by promoting both the activity of the system Xc− cystine/glutamate antiporter and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) transcription to sustain cysteine levels for reactive oxygen species detoxification.

See related article by Zhang et al., p. 2884.
Precision Cancer Medicine: Large Studies Indicate Steady Progress
Authors: Eggermont Alexander , Geoerger Birgit , Curigliano Giuseppe
Published: November 2021

Summary: Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis for guiding therapeutic decisions provide the basis of precision cancer medicine. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, continued progress in this field is demonstrated by two large collaborative studies: Horak and colleagues in the MASTER trial for patients with rare cancers and Van Tilburg and colleagues in the INFORM registry in pediatric tumors.

See related article by van Tilburg et al., p. 2764.

See related article by Horak et al., p. 2780.
Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop, Part 2: Population and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Delisle Brian P. , George Alfred L. , Nerbonne Jeanne M. , Bass Joseph T. , Ripplinger Crystal M. , Jain Mukesh K. , Hermanstyne Tracey O. , Young Martin E. , Kannankeril Prince J. , Duffy Jeanne F. , Goldhaber Joshua I. , Hall Martica H. , Somers Virend K. , Smolensky Michael H. , Garnett Christine E. , Anafi Ron C. , Scheer Frank A.J.L. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Shea Steven A. , Balijepalli Ravi C.
Published: November 2021

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the sudden, unexpected death due to abrupt loss of heart function secondary to cardiovascular disease. In certain populations living with cardiovascular disease, SCD follows a distinct 24-hour pattern in occurrence, suggesting day/night rhythms in behavior, the environment, and endogenous circadian rhythms result in daily spans of increased vulnerability. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop, Understanding Circadian Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death to identify fundamental questions regarding the role of the circadian rhythms in SCD. Part 2 summarizes research gaps and opportunities in the areas of population and clinical research identified in the workshop. Established research supports a complex interaction between circadian rhythms and physiological responses that increase the risk for SCD. Moreover, these physiological responses themselves are influenced by several biological variables, including the type of cardiovascular disease, sex, age, and genetics, as well as environmental factors. The emergence of new noninvasive biotechnological tools that continuously measure key cardiovascular variables, as well as the identification of biomarkers to assess circadian rhythms, hold promise for generating large-scale human data sets that will delineate which subsets of individuals are most vulnerable to SCD. Additionally, these data will improve our understanding of how people who suffer from circadian disruptions develop cardiovascular diseases that increase the risk for SCD. Emerging strategies to identify new biomarkers that can quantify circadian health (eg, environmental, behavioral, and internal misalignment) may lead to new interventions and therapeutic targets to prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases that cause SCD.
The Federal Trade Commission V. The Oil Industry: An Autopsy on the Commission'S Shared Monopoly Case against the Nation'S Eight Largest Oil Companies
Authors: Porter Richard H.
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the Federal Trade Commission's shared monopoly case against the nation's eight largest oil companies that was launched with considerable fanfare in July of 1973. Although the case was hailed by the Commission's staff as being the largest and most significant case since the historical Standard Oil case in 1911, it was subsequently dismissed in September 1981 after the Commission concluded that further proceedings were not in the public interest.

The article reviews the case chronologically in the hope of providing some insights as to why the case was never successfully brought to trial. More specifically, it examines the difficulties that were created for the case by the Commission's failure to conduct an adequate pretrial investigation, structural obstacles inherent in the Commission's Rules of Practice, the Commission's dual role as both prosecutor and judge, and complaint counsel's inability or unwillingness to narrow the issues in the case.

Finally, the article looks over the history of the case and attempts to identify the lessons that were learned at great cost to the parties that were involved and to the public.
Paid domestic work and outsourcing in South Africa: Clients’ views on trust, control and power relations
Authors: du Toit David
Published: November 2021

Outsourced domestic cleaning service suppliers reconfigure the bipartite employment relationship between employers and domestic workers into a tripartite one between clients (former employers of domestic workers), the management or franchise owners, and domestic employees. While this transformation is attractive to some, outsourcing domestic work involves more than the outsourcing of physical tasks of household cleaning. It also involves the outsourcing of the employment relationship where trust, control and power relations are passed on to the management of the domestic cleaning service suppliers. By taking trust, control and power relations as being reconfigured through outsourcing, this article debates why such reconfiguring might not be convenient for some. By doing this, trust, control and power are conceptualised and how it is perpetuated in a bipartite and tripartite domestic employment relationship. By drawing on 16 in-depth interviews with former clients of a domestic cleaning service supplier in South Africa, this article illustrates that perhaps outsourced domestic services are not an appropriate solution to everyone’s domestic cleaning needs and that some clients expect a particular relationship that is not achieved through outsourcing.