bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Design Optimization Under Mixed Uncertainties With Stochastic Expansions
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hosder Serhat
Published: June 2013

The objective of this paper is to introduce a computationally efficient and accurate approach for robust optimization under mixed (aleatory and epistemic) uncertainties using stochastic expansions that are based on nonintrusive polynomial chaos (NIPC) method. This approach utilizes stochastic response surfaces obtained with NIPC methods to approximate the objective function and the constraints in the optimization formulation. The objective function includes a weighted sum of the stochastic measures, which are minimized simultaneously to ensure the robustness of the final design to both inherent and epistemic uncertainties. The optimization approach is demonstrated on two model problems with mixed uncertainties: (1) the robust design optimization of a slider-crank mechanism and (2) robust design optimization of a beam. The stochastic expansions are created with two different NIPC methods, Point-Collocation and Quadrature-Based NIPC. The optimization results are compared to the results of another robust optimization technique that utilizes double-loop Monte Carlo sampling (MCS) for the propagation of mixed uncertainties. The optimum designs obtained with two different optimization approaches agree well in both model problems; however, the number of function evaluations required for the stochastic expansion based approach is much less than the number required by the Monte Carlo based approach, indicating the computational efficiency of the optimization technique introduced.
Unified Kinematics and Singularity Analysis of a Metamorphic Parallel Mechanism With Bifurcated Motion
Authors: Gan Dongming , Dai Jian S. , Dias Jorge , Seneviratne Lakmal
Published: June 2013

This paper introduces a new metamorphic parallel mechanism consisting of four reconfigurable rTPS limbs. Based on the reconfigurability of the reconfigurable Hooke (rT) joint, the rTPS limb has two phases while in one phase the limb has no constraint to the platform, in the other it constrains the spherical joint center to lie on a plane. This results in the mechanism to have ability of reconfiguration between different topologies with variable mobility. Geometric constraint equations of the platform rotation matrix and translation vector are set up based on the point-plane constraint, which reveals the bifurcated motion property in the topology with mobility 2 and the geometric condition with mobility change in altering to other mechanism topologies. Following this, a unified kinematics limb modeling is proposed considering the difference between the two phases of the reconfigurable rTPS limb. This is further applied for the mechanism modeling and both the inverse and forward kinematics is analytically solved by combining phases of the four limbs covering all the mechanism topologies. Based on these, a unified singularity modeling is proposed by defining the geometric constraint forces and actuation forces in the Jacobian matrix with their change in the variable topologies in terms of constraint screws. Analysis of workspace with singularity distribution is carried out using this model and corresponding singularity loci are obtained with special singular configurations illustrated.
Optimal Inverse Kinematic Solutions for Redundant Manipulators by Using Analytical Methods to Minimize Position and Velocity Measures
Authors: Ozgoren M. Kemal
Published: June 2013

Two methods are presented to obtain optimal inverse kinematic solutions for redundant manipulators, according to two different performance criteria stipulated in the position and velocity levels. Both methods are analytical throughout except their final stages, which involve the numerical solution of a simplified minimization problem in a position-level case and the numerical integration of a set of differential equations derived optimally in a velocity-level case. Owing to the analytical nature of the methods, the multiple and singular configurations of the manipulator of concern can be identified readily and studied in detail. The methods are applicable for both serial and parallel redundant manipulators. However, they are demonstrated here for a humanoid manipulator with seven revolute joints. In the demonstrations, the first performance criterion is stipulated in the position level as the minimization of the potential energy. In that case, the optimal inverse kinematic solution is first obtained in the position level for a specified position of the hand. Then, it is compatibly extended to the velocity level for a specified motion of the hand. In the main analytical part of the solution, six of the joint variables are expressed in terms of the selected seventh one. Then, the optimal value of the selected joint variable is determined numerically by a simple one dimensional scanning. The second performance criterion is stipulated in the velocity level as the minimization of the kinetic energy. In that case, the optimal inverse kinematic solution is first obtained in the velocity level and then extended to the position level by integration. The main analytical part of the solution provides an optimally determined set of nonlinear differential equations. These differential equations are then integrated numerically in order to obtain the corresponding solution in the position level. However, the corrections needed to eliminate the numerical integration errors are still obtained analytically. The distinct optimal behaviors of the manipulator according to the mentioned criteria are also illustrated and compared for a duration, in which the hand moves in the same specified way.
Conical Indentation of a Viscoelastic Sphere
Authors: Phadikar J. K. , Bogetti T. A. , Kaliakin V. N. , Karlsson A. M.
Published: June 2013

Instrumented indentation is commonly used for determining mechanical properties of a range of materials, including viscoelastic materials. However, most—if not all—studies are limited to a flat substrate being indented by various shaped indenters (e.g., conical or spherical). This work investigates the possibility of extending instrumented indentation to nonflat viscoelastic substrates. In particular, conical indentation of a sphere is investigated where a semi-analytical approach based on “the method of functional equations” has been developed to obtain the force–displacement relationship. To verify the accuracy of the proposed methodology selected numerical experiments have been performed and good agreement was obtained. Since it takes significantly less time to obtain force–displacement relationships using the proposed method compared to conducting full finite element simulations, the proposed method is an efficient substitute of the finite element method in determining material properties of viscoelatic spherical particles using indentation testing.
Maximizing Design Confidence in Sequential Simulation-Based Optimization
Authors: Li Jing , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Kokkolaras Michael , Papalambros Panos Y. , Gorsich David J.
Published: June 2013

Computational simulation models support a rapid design process. Given model approximation and operating conditions uncertainty, designers must have confidence that the designs obtained using simulations will perform as expected. The traditional approach to address this need consists of model validation efforts conducted predominantly prior to the optimization process. We argue that model validation is too daunting of a task to be conducted with meaningful success for design optimization problems associated with high-dimensional space and parameter spaces. In contrast, we propose a methodology for maximizing confidence in designs generated during the simulation-based optimization process. Specifically, we adopt a trust-region-like sequential optimization process and utilize a Bayesian hypothesis testing technique to quantify model confidence, which we maximize by calibrating the simulation model within local domains if and when necessary. This ensures that the design iterates generated during the sequential optimization process are associated with maximized confidence in the utilized simulation model. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a cantilever beam design subject to vibration.
Two-Configuration Synthesis of Origami-Guided Planar, Spherical and Spatial Revolute–Revolute Chains
Authors: Abdul-Sater Kassim , Irlinger Franz , Lueth Tim C.
Published: June 2013

This paper presents a topological and dimensional kinematic synthesis methodology that can be used to constrain the movement of kinematic planar, spherical, and spatial revolute–revolute dyads (RR dyads). The approach is inspired by a subcategory of origami called rigid origami, which deals with highly overconstrained spatial deployable linkages. An example is the Miura-ori folding pattern used to deploy solar panels in space. In addition to this application, this linkage also provides an interesting way to constrain general RR dyads so that they perform a single DOF motion. Here, these mechanisms are called origami-guided RR chains, and computer aided design models (CAD) of the planar, spherical and spatial type are presented. The dimensional synthesis approach allows us to constrain consecutive links using R or C joints so that the links satisfy two arbitrarily predefined task positions. This leads to what we call the two-configuration synthesis of linkages, and we examine a concrete synthesis procedure for an origami-guided spatial RR chain, which is also built using rapid prototyping. The procedure actually combines the two-configuration synthesis approach with the synthesis of the spatial TS dyad, and the paper provides an outlook on further ways to apply the two-configuration synthesis and also to synthesize the origami-guided RR chains.
Use of plan quality degradation to evaluate tradeoffs in delivery efficiency and clinical plan metrics arising from IMRT optimizer and sequencer compromises
Authors: Wilkie Joel R. , Matuszak Martha M. , Feng Mary , Moran Jean M. , Fraass Benedick A.
Published: June 2013

Purpose:

Plan degradation resulting from compromises made to enhance delivery efficiency is an important consideration for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans. IMRT optimization and/or multileaf collimator (MLC) sequencing schemes can be modified to generate more efficient treatment delivery, but the effect those modifications have on plan quality is often difficult to quantify. In this work, the authors present a method for quantitative assessment of overall plan quality degradation due to tradeoffs between delivery efficiency and treatment plan quality, illustrated using comparisons between plans developed allowing different numbers of intensity levels in IMRT optimization and/or MLC sequencing for static segmental MLC IMRT plans.

Methods:

A plan quality degradation method to evaluate delivery efficiency and plan quality tradeoffs was developed and used to assess planning for 14 prostate and 12 head and neck patients treated with static IMRT. Plan quality was evaluated using a physician's predetermined “quality degradation” factors for relevant clinical plan metrics associated with the plan optimization strategy. Delivery efficiency and plan quality were assessed for a range of optimization and sequencing limitations. The “optimal” (baseline) plan for each case was derived using a clinical cost function with an unlimited number of intensity levels. These plans were sequenced with a clinical MLC leaf sequencer which uses >100 segments, assuring delivered intensities to be within 1% of the optimized intensity pattern. Each patient's optimal plan was also sequenced limiting the number of intensity levels (20, 10, and 5), and then separately optimized with these same numbers of intensity levels. Delivery time was measured for all plans, and direct evaluation of the tradeoffs between delivery time and plan degradation was performed.

Results:

When considering tradeoffs, the optimal number of intensity levels depends on the treatment site and on the stage in the process at which the levels are limited. The cost of improved delivery efficiency, in terms of plan quality degradation, increased as the number of intensity levels in the sequencer or optimizer decreased. The degradation was more substantial for the head and neck cases relative to the prostate cases, particularly when fewer than 20 intensity levels were used. Plan quality degradation was less severe when the number of intensity levels was limited in the optimizer rather than the sequencer.

Conclusions:

Analysis of plan quality degradation allows for a quantitative assessment of the compromises in clinical plan quality as delivery efficiency is improved, in order to determine the optimal delivery settings. The technique is based on physician‐determined quality degradation factors and can be extended to other clinical situations where investigation of various tradeoffs is warranted.
Muonic–electronic negative hydrogen ion: circular states
Authors: Kryukov N. , Oks E.
Published: June 2013

We studied a system consisting of a proton, a muon, and an electron (a μpe system), the muon and the electron being in circular states. We demonstrated that in this case, the muonic motion can represent a rapid subsystem while the electronic motion can represent a slow subsystem – the result that might seem counterintuitive. We used a classical analytical description to find the energy terms for the quasi molecule where the muon rotates around the axis connecting the immobile proton and the immobile electron (i.e., dependence of the energy of the muon on the distance between the proton and electron). We found that there is a double-degenerate energy term. We demonstrated that it corresponds to stable motion. We also conducted an analytical relativistic treatment of the muonic motion and found that the relativistic corrections are relatively small. Then we unfroze the slow subsystem and analysed a slow revolution of the axis connecting the proton and electron. We derived the condition required for the validity of the separation into rapid and slow subsystems. Finally, we showed that the spectral lines, emitted by the muon in the quasi molecule, μpe, experience a red shift compared to the corresponding spectral lines that would have been emitted by the muon in a muonic hydrogen atom (in the μp-subsystem). The relative values of this red shift, which is a “molecular” effect, are significantly greater than the resolution of available spectrometers and thus can be observed. Observing this red shift should be one of the ways to detect the formation of such muonic–electronic negative hydrogen ions.
CENTIMETER-SIZED Ti-BASED QUATERNARY BULK METALLIC GLASS PREPARED BY WATER QUENCHING
Authors: GONG PAN , YAO KEFU , DING HONGYU
Published: June 2013

Till now, the developed centimeter-sized Ti-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) always consist of at least five elements. We report that Ti 41 Zr 25 Be 28 Fe 6 quaternary glassy alloy can be made up to 10 mm in diameter by water quenching, while only ϕ 8 mm fully glassy rod can be obtained by copper mould suction casting. This alloy possesses fewer constituent elements, wider supercooled liquid region and higher specific strength than other developed centimeter-sized Ti-based BMGs and has wide prospect for practical application. Our results also indicate that for Ti 41 Zr 25 Be 28 Fe 6 alloy which possesses relatively strong glass-forming ability, reducing the heterogeneous impurities in the melt is more effective to obtain fully glassy samples than increasing the cooling rate merely.
DESIGN OF AN AREA-EFFICIENT HIGH-THROUGHPUT SHIFT-BASED LDPC DECODER
Authors: Tang Yun-Ching , Wang Hong-Ren , Lin Hongchin , Huang Jun-Zhe
Published: June 2013

An area-efficient high-throughput shift-based LDPC decoder architecture is proposed. The specially designed (512, 1,024) parity-check matrix is effective for partial parallel decoding by the min-sum algorithm (MSA). To increase throughput during decoding, two data frames are fed into the decoder to minimize idle time of the check node unit (CNU) and the variable node unit (VNU). Thus, the throughput is increased to almost two-fold. Unlike the conventional architecture, the message storage unit contains shift registers instead of de-multiplexers and registers. Therefore, hardware costs are reduced. Routing congestion and critical path delay are also reduced, which increases energy efficiency. An implementation of the proposed decoder using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process achieves a decoding throughput of 1.725 Gbps, at a clock frequency of 56 MHz, a supply voltage of 1.8 V, and a core area of 5.18 mm2. The normalized area is smaller and the throughput per normalized power consumption is higher than those reported using the conventional architectures.
A LOW-PHASE-NOISE CMOS VCO FOR K-BAND APPLICATION
Authors: YEH MEI-LING , LIN YAO-CHIAN , CHANG CHUNG-CHENG
Published: June 2013

A new high figure-of-merit (FOM) and low-phase-noise 20.73-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator is designed for K-band applications in this paper. The capacitive feedback technique is used for the low-phase-noise VCO design. The VCO can be tuned from 20.817 GHz to 20.266 GHz. The measured phase noise is -115.57 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency. The corresponding FOM is calculated to be -190 dBc/Hz. The VCO is implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm one-poly-six-metal 1.7 V mixed-signal/RF CMOS technology, and the chip size is 0.51 × 0.74 mm2.
COMPUTING MATVEEV'S COMPLEXITY VIA CRYSTALLIZATION THEORY: THE BOUNDARY CASE
Authors: CASALI MARIA RITA , CRISTOFORI PAOLA
Published: June 2013

The notion of Gem–Matveev complexity (GM-complexity) has been introduced within crystallization theory, as a combinatorial method to estimate Matveev's complexity of closed 3-manifolds; it yielded upper bounds for interesting classes of such manifolds. In this paper, we extend the definition to the case of non-empty boundary and prove that for each compact irreducible and boundary-irreducible 3-manifold it coincides with the modified Heegaard complexity introduced by Cattabriga, Mulazzani and Vesnin. Moreover, via GM-complexity, we obtain an estimation of Matveev's complexity for all Seifert 3-manifolds with base 𝔻2and two exceptional fibers and, therefore, for all torus knot complements.
ON THE S1× S2HOMFLY-PT INVARIANT AND LEGENDRIAN LINKS
Authors: LAVROV MIKHAIL , RUTHERFORD DAN
Published: June 2013

In [On the HOMFLY-PT skein module of S1× S2, Math. Z. 237(4) (2001) 769–814], Gilmer and Zhong established the existence of an invariant for links in S1× S2which is a rational function in variables a and s and satisfies the HOMFLY-PT skein relations. We give formulas for evaluating this invariant in terms of a standard, geometrically simple basis for the HOMFLY-PT skein module of the solid torus. This allows computation of the invariant for arbitrary links in S1× S2and shows that the invariant is in fact a Laurent polynomial in a and z = s – s-1. Our proof uses connections between HOMFLY-PT skein modules and invariants of Legendrian links. As a corollary, we extend HOMFLY-PT polynomial estimates for the Thurston–Bennequin number to Legendrian links in S1× S2with its tight contact structure.
FAMILY OF ROTATING ANISOTROPIC FLUID SOLUTIONS WHICH MATCH TO KERR'S SOLUTION
Authors: KYRIAKOPOULOS E.
Published: June 2013

We present a family of exact rotating anisotropic fluid solutions, which satisfy all energy conditions for certain values of their parameters. The components of the Ricci tensor Rμν the eigenvalues of the tensor [Formula: see text] and the energy–momentum tensor Tμν of the solutions are given explicitly. All members of the family have the ring singularity of Kerr's solution and most of them have one or two more singularities. The solutions can be matched to the solution of Kerr on three closed surfaces, which for proper values of the parameters of the solutions approximate oblate spheroids. All matching surfaces are thin shells. For some values of a constant the surface density in one of them is positive everywhere and in this surface and in its interior all energy conditions are satisfied.
STRICHARTZ ESTIMATES FOR WAVE EQUATION WITH INVERSE SQUARE POTENTIAL
Authors: MIAO CHANGXING , ZHANG JUNYONG , ZHENG JIQIANG
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we study the Strichartz-type estimates of the solution for the linear wave equation with inverse square potential. Assuming the initial data possesses additional angular regularity, especially the radial initial data, the range of admissible pairs is improved. As an application, we show the global well-posedness of the semi-linear wave equation with inverse-square potential [Formula: see text] for power p being in some regime when the initial data are radial. This result extends the well-posedness result in Planchon, Stalker, and Tahvildar-Zadeh.
INDEFINITE KERNEL NETWORK WITH DEPENDENT SAMPLING
Authors: SUN HONGWEI , WU QIANG
Published: June 2013

We study the asymptotical properties of indefinite kernel network with coefficient regularization and dependent sampling. The framework under investigation is different from classical kernel learning. Positive definiteness is not required by the kernel function and the samples are allowed to be weakly dependent with the dependence measured by a strong mixing condition. By a new kernel decomposition technique introduced in [27], two reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and their associated kernel integral operators are used to characterize the properties and learnability of the hypothesis function class. Capacity independent error bounds and learning rates are deduced.
ON THE PRODUCTION OF DISSIPATION THROUGH THE INTERACTION OF FORCED OSCILLATING WAVES IN FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors: CHEVERRY CHRISTOPHE , KLAK AURÉLIEN
Published: June 2013

This article is devoted to the study of some bidimensional fluid model with a source term implying oscillations. In this context, we can construct a family of exact solutions uεindexed by ε ∈ ]0, 1], defined on a strip [0, T] × ℝ2with [Formula: see text] fixed, and involving three types of scales: ε-2t for a boundary layer at time t = 0, ε-2x1for oscillations in the direction x1, and ε-1x2for a concentration near the position x2= 0. We show that the propagation and the interaction of these singularities produce a turbulent effect that manifests itself through the addition of some (unusual) diffusion when describing the underlying modulation equations.
FLOCKING AND NON-FLOCKING BEHAVIOR IN A STOCHASTIC CUCKER–SMALE SYSTEM
Authors: TON TA VIET , LINH NGUYEN THI HOAI , YAGI ATSUSHI
Published: June 2013

We first present a new stochastic version of the Cucker–Smale model of the emergent behavior in flocks in which the mutual communication between individuals is affected by random factor. Then, the existence and uniqueness of global solution to this system are verified. We show a result which agrees with the natural fact that under the effect of a large noise, there is no flocking. In contrast, if the noise is small, then flocking may occur. The paper ends with some numerical examples.
AN INEQUALITY INVOLVING THE ℓ1, ℓ2, AND ℓ∞ NORMS
Authors: KONTOROVICH ARYEH
Published: June 2013

For x ∈ [0, 1]n with ‖x‖1 = 1 and y ∈ [1, ∞)n, we prove that [Formula: see text] where xy ∈ ℝn is the vector with components xiyi. This bound does not seem to easily follow from known inequalities, and the proof technique may be of independent interest.
PERIODIC AND CHAOTIC RESPONSES OF AN AXIALLY ACCELERATING VISCOELASTIC BEAM UNDER TWO-FREQUENCY EXCITATIONS
Authors: DING HU , ZU JEAN W.
Published: June 2013

This study focuses on the steady-state periodic response and the chaotic behavior in the transverse motion of an axially moving viscoelastic tensioned beam with two-frequency excitations. The two-frequency excitations come from the external harmonic excitation and the parametric excitation from harmonic fluctuations of the moving speed. A dynamic model is established to include the finite axial support rigidity, the material derivative in the viscoelastic constitution relation, and the longitudinally varying tension due to the axial acceleration. The derived nonlinear integro-partial-differential equation of motion possesses space-dependent coefficients. Applying the differential quadrature method (DQM) and the integral quadrature method (IQM) to the equation of the transverse motion, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained. Based on the Runge–Kutta time discretization, the time history of the axially moving beam is numerically solved for the case of the primary resonance, the super–harmonic resonance, and the principal parametric resonance. For the first time, the nonlinear dynamics is studied under various relations between the forcing frequency and the parametric frequency, such as equal, multiple, and incommensurable relationships. The stable periodic response and its sensitivity to initial conditions are determined using the bidirectional frequency sweep. Furthermore, chaotic motions are identified using different methods including the Poincaré map, the maximum Lyapunov exponent, the fast Fourier transforms, and the initial value sensitivity. Numerical simulations reveal the characteristics of the periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic motion of a nonlinear axially moving beam under two-frequency excitations.
Deviance and Dissent in Groups
Authors: Jetten Jolanda , Hornsey Matthew J.
Published: June 2013

Traditionally, group research has focused more on the motivations that make people conform than on the motivations and conditions underpinning deviance and dissent. This has led to a literature that focuses on the value that groups place on uniformity and paints a relatively dark picture of dissent and deviance: as reflections of a lack of group loyalty, as signs of disengagement, or as delinquent behavior. An alternative point of view, which has gained momentum in recent years, focuses on deviance and dissent as normal and healthy aspects of group life. In this review, we focus on the motivations that group members have to deviate and dissent, and the functional as well as the dysfunctional effects of deviance and dissent. In doing so we aim for a balanced and complete account of deviance and dissent, highlighting when such behaviors will be encouraged as well as when they will be punished.
Polymorphic Behavior and Morphology of Electrospun Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Separator Materials for Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Based Electric Double Layer Capacitors
Authors: Tõnurist Kerli , Thomberg Thomas , Jänes Alar , Romann Tavo , Sammelselg Väino , Lust Enn
Published: June 2013

The electrospinning method as a straightforward way to produce nanofibrous membranes from polymer solutions or melts under high electric field conditions has been applied on this work. Polymer fibers/membranes can be used in a wide variety of applications, starting from electrochemical devices to textiles and composite reinforcement materials. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) electrospun membranes were prepared from different (15, 20, 22.5 and 25% w/w) solutions of PVDF in N,N−dimethylformamide and acetone mixture (80:20 w/w %). PVDF fibrous membranes with fiber diameter within the range from 100 to 2200 nm and different polymorphism of PVDF were produced by electrospinning method and tested electrochemically.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Intervention with a Natural Product in Cutaneous Wound Healing: The Use of Capybara Oil
Authors: Marinho Polyana Cury , Neto-Ferreira Rodrigo , José de Carvalho Jorge
Published: June 2013

Capybara oil is commonly used for cutaneous wound healing in traditional South American medicine, although its beneficial effect has never been experimentally proven. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the topical application of capybara oil on skin wounds in Swiss mice. The following characteristics of the wounds were observed and evaluated: wound contraction and reepithelialization, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mast cells, the thickness of the neoepidermis, and the distribution of collagen and elastic fibers. Our study showed that oil extracted from subcutaneous capybara fat was beneficial for wound healing, indicating that capybara oil plays an important role in promoting tissue repair.
Nonderogatory Directed Webgraph
Authors: Hacioglu Ilhan , Bayat Selman , Yilmaz Ozkan , Cesur Oktay
Published: June 2013

By assigning a certain direction to the webgraphs, which are defined as the Cartesian product of cycles and paths, we prove that they are nonderogatory.
Efficient and Accurate Optimal Linear Phase FIR Filter Design Using Opposition‐Based Harmony Search Algorithm
Authors: Saha S. K. , Dutta R. , Choudhury R. , Kar R. , Mandal D. , Ghoshal S. P.
Published: June 2013

In this paper, opposition‐based harmony search has been applied for the optimal design of linear phase FIR filters. RGA, PSO, and DE have also been adopted for the sake of comparison. The original harmony search algorithm is chosen as the parent one, and opposition‐based approach is applied. During the initialization, randomly generated population of solutions is chosen, opposite solutions are also considered, and the fitter one is selected as a priori guess. In harmony memory, each such solution passes through memory consideration rule, pitch adjustment rule, and then opposition‐based reinitialization generation jumping, which gives the optimum result corresponding to the least error fitness in multidimensional search space of FIR filter design. Incorporation of different control parameters in the basic HS algorithm results in the balancing of exploration and exploitation of search space. Low pass, high pass, band pass, and band stop FIR filters are designed with the proposed OHS and other aforementioned algorithms individually for comparative optimization performance. A comparison of simulation results reveals the optimization efficacy of the OHS over the other optimization techniques for the solution of the multimodal, nondifferentiable, nonlinear, and constrained FIR filter design problems.
Characterizations of Semihyperrings by Their (∈γ,∈γ∨qδ)-Fuzzy Hyperideals
Authors: Huang Xiaokun , Yin Yunqiang , Zhan Jianming
Published: June 2013

The concepts of (∈γ,∈γ∨qδ)-fuzzy bi-hyperideals and (∈γ,∈γ∨qδ)-fuzzy quasi-hyperideals of a semihyperring are introduced, and some related properties of such (∈γ,∈γ∨qδ)-fuzzy hyperideals are investigated. In particular, the notions of hyperregular semihyperrings and left duo semihyperrings are given, and their characterizations in terms of hyperideals and (∈γ,∈γ∨qδ)-fuzzy hyperideals are studied.
Performance Evaluation Criterion at Equal Pumping Power for Enhanced Performance Heat Transfer Surfaces
Authors: Karwa Rajendra , Sharma Chandresh , Karwa Nitin
Published: June 2013

The existing equations for the thermal performance evaluation, at equal pumping power for the artificially roughened and smooth surfaced multitube and rectangular duct heat exchangers, have been critically reviewed because the literature survey indicates that a large number of researchers have not interpreted these equations correctly. Three of the most widely used equations have been restated with clearly defined constraints and conditions for their application. Two new equations have been developed for the design constraints not covered earlier.
Different Kinds of Singular and Nonsingular Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov Equation in the Special Parametric Conditions
Authors: Chen Can , Rui Weiguo , Long Yao
Published: June 2013

In this paper, by using the integral bifurcation method, we studied the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation. In the special parametric conditions, some singular and nonsingular exact traveling wave solutions, such as periodic cusp-wave solutions, periodic loop-wave solutions, smooth loop-soliton solutions, smooth solitary wave solutions, periodic double wave solutions, periodic compacton solutions, and nonsmooth peakon solutions are obtained. Further more, the dynamic behaviors of these exact traveling wave solutions are investigated. It is found that the waveforms of some traveling wave solutions vary with the changes of parameters.
A Heuristic Methodology for Efficient Reduction of Large Multistate Event Trees
Authors: Marcoulaki Eftychia C.
Published: June 2013

This work proposes a new methodology for the management of event tree information used in the quantitative risk assessment of complex systems. The size of event trees increases exponentially with the number of system components and the number of states that each component can be found in. Their reduction to a manageable set of events can facilitate risk quantification and safety optimization tasks.
The proposed method launches a deductive exploitation of the event space, to generate reduced event trees for large multistate systems. The approach consists in the simultaneous treatment of large subsets of the tree, rather than focusing on the given single components of the system and getting trapped into guesses on their structural arrangement.
The Kansei Design Characteristics towards Learning Style
Authors: Sihombing Haeryip , Yuhazri M. Y. , Yahaya S. H. , Syaifoelida Fevi
Published: June 2013

The individuals possess unique ways of how they learn. Based on this perspective, each of individuals will approach the general learning experiences in a personal and individualized way related to his/her performance and behavior. This study is to analyze the characteristics of product design using Kansei Engineering approach towards the student learning style based on Felder and Soloman's theory. Using the 8 (eight) spectacles designs proposed comparing the emotional feeling towards design of product, the study involved 100 students who are using spectacles as the respondents. Focusing on the perception and input dimensions of the Felder-Soloman learning styles comprised in 22 questions and the Crane cognitive alert styles in 9 questions, the result of study shows that the students who are using spectacles are dominated by “the visual” type of Felder-Soloman learning styles. In addition, based on the using of Kansei Engineering, this study also found that the respondents tend to interpret the rimless design of spectacles as “fragile,” “unattractive,” “old-fashion” product, while the design with thicker frame as “durable,” “attractive,” cool,” “ergonomic” product. In this study, there are also the significant correlations proved against the preferences of product design based on quality affective (Kansei Engineering) using learning styles and cognitive alert styles.
The Stochastic Dynamics for Ecological Tourism System with Visitor Educational Intervention
Authors: Wei Dongping , Wen Shouwen , Chen Yizeng , Xu Yong , Liang Bing
Published: June 2013

The ever-increasing visitation in parks and protected areas continues to present a considerable challenge for worldwide land managers with allowing recreational use while preserving natural conditions. In China, the fast expanding visitation in protected areas is quickly damaging the natural resources and precious culture without effective visitor education, while regulation and site management are also gaining very limited efficacy. We propose a differential equation to describe the ecological tourism system. Shown by the theoretical proof and numerical simulation, the ecological tourism system is unstable without any perturbed factors, especially visitor educational intervention, because the solution of the dynamic system explodes in a finite time given any initial value. Supposing that the intrinsic increasing rate of stakeholders in the systems stochastically perturbed by the visitor educational intervention, we discover that the stochastic dynamic model can effectively suppress the explosion of the solution. As such, we demonstrate that the tourism system can develop steadily and safely even under a large amount of visitors in public vacation, when employing continuous visitor education intervention programmes.
Precise Integration Method for Solving Noncooperative LQ Differential Game
Authors: Peng Hai-Jun , Zhang Sheng , Wu Zhi-Gang , Chen Biao-Song
Published: June 2013

The key of solving the noncooperative linear quadratic (LQ) differential game is to solve the coupled matrix Riccati differential equation. The precise integration method based on the adaptive choosing of the two parameters is expanded from the traditional symmetric Riccati differential equation to the coupled asymmetric Riccati differential equation in this paper. The proposed expanded precise integration method can overcome the difficulty of the singularity point and the ill-conditioned matrix in the solving of coupled asymmetric Riccati differential equation. The numerical examples show that the expanded precise integration method gives more stable and accurate numerical results than the “direct integration method” and the “linear transformation method”.
Periodic Distribution of a Putative Nucleosome Positioning Motif in Human, Nonhuman Primates, and Archaea: Mutual Information Analysis
Authors: Sosa Daniela , Miramontes Pedro , Li Wentian , Mireles Víctor , Bobadilla Juan R. , José Marco V.
Published: June 2013

Recently, Trifonov's group proposed a 10-mer DNA motif YYYYYRRRRR as a solution of the long-standing problem of sequence-based nucleosome positioning. To test whether this generic decamer represents a biological meaningful signal, we compare the distribution of this motif in primates and Archaea, which are known to contain nucleosomes, and in Eubacteria, which do not possess nucleosomes. The distribution of the motif is analyzed by the mutual information function (MIF) with a shifted version of itself (MIF profile). We found common features in the patterns of this generic decamer on MIF profiles among primate species, and interestingly we found conspicuous but dissimilar MIF profiles for each Archaea tested. The overall MIF profiles for each chromosome in each primate species also follow a similar pattern. Trifonov’s generic decamer may be a highly conserved motif for the nucleosome positioning, but we argue that this is not the only motif. The distribution of this generic decamer exhibits previously unidentified periodicities, which are associated to highly repetitive sequences in the genome.Alurepetitive elements contribute to the most fundamental structure of nucleosome positioning in higher Eukaryotes. In some regions of primate chromosomes, the distribution of the decamer shows symmetrical patterns including inverted repeats.
Differential Methylation of Genes in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Developing and Adult Rats Following Exposure to Maltreatment or Nurturing Care During Infancy
Authors: Blaze Jennifer , Scheuing Lisa , Roth Tania L.
Published: June 2013

Quality of maternal care in infancy is an important contributing factor in the development of behavior and psychopathology. One way maternal care could affect behavioral trajectories is through environmentally induced epigenetic alterations within brain regions known to play prominent roles in cognition, emotion regulation, and stress responsivity. Whereas such research has largely focused on the hippocampus or hypothalamus, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has only just begun to receive attention. The current study was designed to determine whether exposure to maltreatment or nurturing care is associated with differential methylation of candidate gene loci (bdnf and reelin) within the medial PFC (mPFC) of developing and adult rats. Using a within-litter design, infant male and female rats were exposed to an adverse or nurturing caregiving environment outside their home cage for 30 min per day during the first postnatal week. Additional littermates remained with their biological caregiver within the home cage during the manipulations. We observed that infant rats subjected to caregiver maltreatment emitted more audible and ultrasonic vocalizations than littermates subjected to nurturing care either within or outside of the home cage. While we found no maltreatment-induced changes in bdnf DNA methylation present in infancy, sex-specific alterations were present in the mPFC of adolescents and adults that had been exposed to maltreatment. Furthermore, while maltreated females showed differences in reelin DNA methylation that were transient, males exposed to maltreatment and both males and females exposed to nurturing care outside the home cage showed differences in reelin methylation that emerged by adulthood. Our results demonstrate the ability of infant-caregiver interactions to epigenetically mark genes known to play a prominent role in cognition and psychiatric disorders within the mPFC. Furthermore, our data indicate the remarkable complexity of alterations that can occur, with both transient and later emerging DNA methylation differences that could shape developmental trajectories and underlie gender differences in outcomes.
Soviet Repatriation Policy, U.S. Occupation Authorities, and Japan's Entry into the Cold War
Authors: Shinji Yokote
Published: June 2013

This article examines how the defeated and demoralized Japanese, faced with Soviet detention and repatriation policies, were embroiled in Cold War antagonism that originated with the division of Europe. The article addresses three main questions. First, how did the Japanese government seek to facilitate the return of Japanese from the Soviet-occupied zone? Second, how did negotiations over Japanese repatriation intersect with U.S.-Soviet relations? Third, how did Soviet repatriation policy effect Japanese foreign policy in the initial stage of the Cold War? This episode brings out important aspects of U.S.-Soviet-Japanese interactions during the early Cold War.
Primulina guizhongensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: ZHAO BO , PAN BO , ZHANG YANG , WEN FANG
Published: June 2013

A new species of Primulina is described and illustrated from southern China (Guangxi zhuang Autonomous Region) as P. guizhongensis. This new species is similar to P. spadiciformis based on morphological characters. Sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the plastid trnL-F intronspacer (trnL-F) from the new species and its 22 relatives are used to resolve generic placement of the new species in Primulina. In spite of three species are vastly different in morphology, the molecular evidences showed that the closest relatives of P. guizhongensis are P. mollifolia and P. luochengensis. The conservation threat analysis is summarized according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
The Second Vatican Council on other living faiths
Authors: O’Collins Gerald
Published: June 2013

This article critically evaluates what Vatican II taught about other living faiths in four documents: the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy ( Sacrosanctum Concilium, 1963), the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church ( Lumen Gentium, 1964), the Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions ( Nostra Aetate,1965) and the Decree on the Church’s Missionary Activity ( Ad Gentes, 1965). Too often those who consider Vatican II’s attention to other faiths consider only Nostra Aetate. Beyond question, that declaration was central in importance and impact. Nevertheless, the three other documents just mentioned fill out the Council’s integral teaching on the religious ‘others’. The last and longest text from Vatican II, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World ( Gaudium et Spes , 1965), also adds some further, significant considerations. But space precludes examining it in this article.1
‘I met Charles Borromeo … and he brought me to Vatican II’
Authors: Vodola Max
Published: June 2013

Much of the memorialization of John XXIII centres around clichés and stereotypes of a humble peasant pope elected to a ‘transitional’ papacy. In truth, Angelo Roncalli was an historian who brought the perspective of history to the papacy, in particular, a close study of the Council of Trent and the reforms instituted by St Charles Borromeo. Roncalli’s scholarship was highly significant not simply in his decision to call Vatican II but, more importantly, in his style of leadership, the language that he used and the historical framework that guided his ideas. The central idea for John XXIII was how the church undertakes the process of change and adapts itself to the challenges of a new historical era. The pope’s call for aggiornamento needs to be contextualized to his wide reading of history and his intuition of a new historical epoch for the church and the world in the course of the 20th century.
Vatican II and the history of Vatican II
Authors: Melloni Alberto
Published: June 2013

This article provides a critical account of the historical reception of Vatican II, identifying key questions that relate to the question of the history of the Council and its ongoing meaning and significance. A description of the five-volume History of Vatican II is followed by consideration of the critical responses to that work and subsequent phases of Vatican II historical scholarship. The article argues that this ongoing historical work is an essential dimension of the wider task of discerning the Council’s meaning and significance today.
Cephalalgiaphobia as a feature of high-frequency migraine: a pilot study
Authors: Giannini Giulia , Zanigni Stefano , Grimaldi Daniela , Melotti Roberto , Pierangeli Giulia , Cortelli Pietro , Cevoli Sabina
Published: June 2013

Background

Cephalalgiaphobia is the fear of having a headache attack during a pain-free period that may induce patients to use analgesic in the absence of pain to prevent headache and to improve their performances. This study aims at assessing if cephalalgiaphobia is related to migraine frequency or medication overuse, and if it is per se a predictor of increase in migraine frequency.

Methods

This is a pilot prospective cohort study on 126 consecutive migraineurs referred to a tertiary Headache Centre. A headache specialist collected data regarding migraine features, frequency and medications at baseline (T0) and 2 years later (T1). Cephalalgiaphobia was investigated at T0 and T1 through a score determined by a 4 items questionnaire.

Results

Moderate-high migraine frequency was associated with higher risk of cephalalgiaphobia (p < 0.001). Chronic migraineurs with medication overuse had higher score of cephalalgiaphobia than those without medication overuse (p < 0.001). Patients with increased migraine frequency between T0 and T1 had higher cephalalgiaphobia score (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Cephalalgiaphobia may represent a high-frequency migraine feature and may play a role in chronicization. Therefore, it should be better investigated by clinicians and treated or prevented in order to reduce the risk of disability and the increase in migraine frequency.
Migraine, arousal and sleep deprivation: comment on: “sleep quality, arousal and pain thresholds in migraineurs: a blinded controlled polysomnographic study”
Authors: Vollono Catello , Testani Elisa , Losurdo Anna , Mazza Salvatore , Della Marca Giacomo
Published: June 2013

We discuss the hypothesis proposed by Engstrom and coworkers that Migraineurs have a relative sleep deprivation, which lowers the pain threshold and predispose to attacks. Previous data indicate that Migraineurs have a reduction of Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP), an essential mechanism of NREM sleep regulation which allows to dump the effect of incoming disruptive stimuli, and to protect sleep. The modifications of CAP observed in Migraineurs are similar to those observed in patients with impaired arousal (narcolepsy) and after sleep deprivation. The impairment of this mechanism makes Migraineurs more vulnerable to stimuli triggering attacks during sleep, and represents part of a more general vulnerability to incoming stimuli.