bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA): Implementation, task types, and feedback
Authors: Sedor Nicole
Published: November 2022

This longitudinal, multi‐semester study investigates the Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) in university‐level communicative Spanish classrooms to find out how instructor feedback affects student performance on IPA assessments, if at all, and in what ways do teachers and students use feedback from the IPAs in their teaching and learning, if at all, to navigate the relationship of assessment and feedback within the IPA framework. A mixed‐methods analysis of the effect of instructor (n = 7) feedback on student (n = 103) progress in the performance of oral and written communication revealed that corrective feedback benefitted learners on interpretive and presentational tasks, but hindered their progress on interpersonal tasks. The findings suggest that instructors should provide feedback in a modality that corresponds with the task type.
Planktonic functional diversity changes in synchrony with lake ecosystem state
Authors: O'Brien Duncan A. , Gal Gideon , Thackeray Stephen J. , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Clements Christopher F.
Published: November 2022

Managing ecosystems to effectively preserve function and services requires reliable tools that can infer changes in the stability and dynamics of a system. Conceptually, functional diversity (FD) appears as a sensitive and viable monitoring metric stemming from suggestions that FD is a universally important measure of biodiversity and has a mechanistic influence on ecological processes. It is however unclear whether changes in FD consistently occur prior to state responses or vice versa, with no current work on the temporal relationship between FD and state to support a transition towards trait‐based indicators. There is consequently a knowledge gap regarding when functioning changes relative to biodiversity change and where FD change falls in that sequence. We therefore examine the lagged relationship between planktonic FD and abundance‐based metrics of system state (e.g. biomass) across five highly monitored lake communities using both correlation and cutting edge non‐linear empirical dynamic modelling approaches. Overall, phytoplankton and zooplankton FD display synchrony with lake state but each lake is idiosyncratic in the strength of relationship. It is therefore unlikely that changes in plankton FD are identifiable before changes in more easily collected abundance metrics. These results highlight the power of empirical dynamic modelling in disentangling time lagged relationships in complex multivariate ecosystems, but suggest that FD cannot be generically viable as an early indicator. Individual lakes therefore require consideration of their specific context and any interpretation of FD across systems requires caution. However, FD still retains value as an alternative state measure or a trait representation of biodiversity when considered at the system level.
Earthquake, disaster capitalism and massive urban transformation in Istanbul
Authors: Güney K. Murat
Published: November 2022

In this paper, I discuss how the earthquake risk is exploited by ‘disaster capitalism’, in order to convert Istanbul to a massive construction site. The shock of the 1999 Marmara Earthquake has been effectively used by the neoliberal market and government as ‘a shock therapy’ to implement a construction‐led development model for Turkey and to favour the construction sector by introducing new incentives, exceptional rights and interventions, which otherwise might be challenged. The current Turkish government justify the ongoing massive urban transformation and new mass housing projects as an improvement of the housing stock to make residential buildings stronger and more resilient to earthquakes. However, areas actually under earthquake risk do not match the areas that are officially declared under disaster risk by the government. The Disaster Law #6306 that granted the government the absolute right to expropriate land based on the justification of ‘protecting residents against earthquakes and other natural disasters’ was applied in a selective way to seize valuable land in Istanbul. In the paper I explore how the disaster was quickly converted to an opportunity for economic growth. To do that I introduce stories of three different neighbourhoods in Istanbul, namely Moda, Tozkoparan and Fikirtepe, each of which experience the ongoing massive urban transformation differently based on the land value of the neighbourhoods, class position of the residents, and residents' capacity to organise in order to protect their rights. I describe, how disaster capitalism is lived and experienced differently in these three neighbourhoods. Although the massive construction projects are indifferent to life's sustainability, those projects are justified as interventions in terms of public health and safety through making housing resilient to earthquakes. I critically discuss how in each case biopolitics presents disaster capitalism's massive urban transformation projects as a manifestation of liveliness.
Refractory glossopharyngeal neuralgia successfully treated with onabotulinumtoxinA: A case report
Authors: Hamilton Katherine T. , Seligman Rachel , Blue Rachel , Lee John Y. K.
Published: November 2022

Background

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare but severe and disabling pain condition often caused by vascular compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Treatment is similar to that of trigeminal neuralgia, but some patients may be refractory to both medical and surgical approaches. Here we present a case of refractory glossopharyngeal neuralgia that responded well to onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX‐A).

Case

We report a case of a 65‐year‐old man with well‐controlled human immunodeficiency virus disease with glossopharyngeal neuralgia symptoms since 2015. He had partial response to medications but was limited by side‐effects. He underwent microvascular decompression twice with initial relief both times, but experienced recurrence of attacks 1–3 years after each surgery. He was treated with BTX‐A using the chronic migraine PREEMPT protocol (i.e., 31–39 injection sites in head and neck muscles), which led to significant relief of his glossopharyngeal neuralgia pain.

Conclusions

This is the first case to our knowledge of glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated with BTX‐A. BTX‐A can be an effective treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia, even when injections are not administered directly over the sensory distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Early diagnosis of hepatic inflammation in Japanese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients using 3D MR elastography
Authors: Komiyama Yasuyuki , Motosugi Utaroh , Maekawa Shinya , Osawa Leona , Nakakuki Natsuko , Takada Hitomi , Muraoka Masaru , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Onishi Hiroshi , Yin Meng , Enomoto Nobuyuki
Published: November 2022

Background

The damping ratio (DR) and the loss modulus (G″) obtained by 3D MR elastography complex modulus analysis has been reported recently to reflect early intrahepatic inflammation, and is expected to be a noninvasive biomarker of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of the DR and the G″ in Japanese NAFLD patients remains unclear.

Methods

We enrolled 39 Japanese patients with NAFLD who underwent liver biopsy and 3D MR elastography within 1 month and analyzed the association between DR, G″, and histological activity.

Results

Regarding DR, no evident correlation was observed between the DR and histological activity (p = 0.14) when patients with all fibrosis stages were included. However, when patients were restricted up to stage F2 fibrosis, the association of the DR and inflammation became significant, the DR increasing with the degree of activity (p = 0.02). Among the constituents of fibrosis activity, ballooning correlated with the DR (p < 0.01) while lobular inflammation did not. Regarding G″, it was correlated with histological activity (p < 0.01), ballooning (p < 0.01), and lobular inflammation (p < 0.01) in patients with all fibrosis stages and in patients up to F2 fibrosis (p = 0.03 for activity and p = 0.04 for ballooning). The best cutoff value of DR for hepatitis activity in patients within the F2 stage was 0.094 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.775, 95% CI: 0.529–1.000) and G″ was 0.402 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.825, 95% CI: 0.628–1.000).

Conclusions

The DR and G″ reflected the histological activity in Japanese patients with NAFLD during the early stage, indicating these values for noninvasive diagnosis of inflammation in Japanese patients with NAFLD.
Delayed HIV diagnosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Poland: A call for targeted HIV testing for those under suspicion of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Suchacz Magdalena M. , Krankowska Dagny , Cybula Aneta , Kamerys Juliusz , Jabłonowska Elżbieta , Rozpłochowski Błażej , Bociąga‐Jasik Monika , Wiercińska‐Drapało Alicja
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyse patients newly diagnosed with HIV who were originally admitted to hospitals with suspicion of COVID‐19.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series undertaken at four sites. Only adults with new HIV diagnosis and COVID‐19 exclusion hospitalized in 2020–2021 were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records.

Results

Twenty‐five patients were included in the analysis: 19 men (76%), 11 of Ukrainian origin (44%). The median age was 38.5 years (range 25–59). The mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual for 11 (44%) patients, eight (32%) were men who have sex with men and three (12%) were people who inject drugs. The median duration of symptoms prior to hospital presentation was 20.6 days (range 3–90). The median number of SARS‐CoV‐2 tests per patient was 2.62 (range 1–7). All SARS‐CoV‐2 tests were negative. Screening for HIV was performed on average on the 18th day of hospitalization (range 1–36 days). Twenty‐three patients (92%) were late presenters, 22 (88%) had advanced disease, and 19 (76%) were in the AIDS stage. The median CD4 T‐cell count was 72 cells/μL (range 3–382). The rate of positive HIV testing at the two sites where it was available for people with suspected COVID‐19 was 0.13% (7/5458 during the study period).

Conclusions

We strongly recommend introducing the HIV screening test in the diagnostic algorithm for every patient suspected of having COVID‐19, presenting with clinical and/or radiological pulmonary symptoms.
Sintering properties and homogeneity of Ca2+‐doped .65Y2O3–.35YCr0.5Mn0.5O3 NTC ceramics
Authors: Wei Zichao , Deng Tengfei
Published: November 2022

Ceramics suitable for use over a wide temperature and having a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) based on .65Y2O3–.35YCr0.5Mn0.5O3‐doped with CaO were prepared by applying a solid‐state reaction at different temperatures (1500–1650°C). The physical properties and scanning electron microscopy results revealed that dense NTC ceramics could be obtained by sintering at >1550°C. The effect of two different sintering methods on the properties of the NTC ceramics was studied, and the results indicated that the NTC ceramics obtained by employing the two‐step sintering method exhibited better properties. The contents of Cr and Mn oxides in the NTC ceramic discs prepared by applying two‐step sintering (1600°C) exhibited a decreasing trend from inside to outside. To quantify the diffusion rate, Fick's second law was used, and the diffusion coefficients of Cr and Mn oxides in the NTC ceramics were found to be 5.20 × 10–5 and 2.36 × 10–5 cm2/s, respectively. Resistivity and temperature analyses indicated that the resistivity (ρ25), B25/100, and B700/1000 of the NTC ceramics were 1.61 × 106 Ω cm, 2367 K, and 2697 K, respectively, which are suitable for a wide temperature range.
Correlates of responding to and becoming victimized by fraud: Examining risk factors by scam type
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Li Yiting , Mottola Gary
Published: November 2022

Consumer fraud reports in North America have been increasing each year along with median fraud losses. Using survey data from 1375 American and Canadian consumers who previously reported a scam to a North American consumer complaint organization, this study examines the correlates of responding to and losing money to four categories of consumer fraud: opportunity‐based scams, threat‐based scams, consumer purchase scams, and phishing scams. Relative to opportunity‐based scams that offer the promise of rewards, consumers were less likely to respond to and report losing money when solicited by threat‐based scams and phishing scams. The odds of victimization were highest for consumer purchase scams. Risk factors, including gender, race, education, income, loneliness, financial fragility, and financial literacy, differed across scam categories, suggesting that victim profiles differ across fraud types. Some of the risk factors associated with responding to the scam solicitation (vs. ignoring it outright) were different from risk factors associated with victimization. Having advance knowledge of fraud prior to being exposed was protective across nearly all scam types. Results suggest that awareness about specific scams helps protect against financial loss. Additional research is needed on how to effectively deliver fraud awareness messages to those who are most susceptible.
Transfer in international VET cooperation: Development of a typology
Authors: Meyne Lisa , Peters Susanne
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the perspective of international vocational education and training (VET) providers on the issue of transfer from Germany as a origin country to a specific target country is considered. The existing state of research on the topic of VET transfer has so far been largely located at the macro level. Still, to develop a better understanding of transfer, it is useful to include individual projects on a programme basis in the analysis as their understanding in turn shapes the entire transfer work. The study aims to identify the understanding of transfer of vocational training service providers in internationalisation projects, as well as different types of transfer. Case studies are applied that involve German VET providers, sampled from a German funding line. Based on qualitative and quantitative data, process documents and previous research, in‐depth interviews with six project actors are conducted to identify the perspectives and approaches for transfer. Among other theoretical approaches, Dolowitz and Marsh's policy transfer framework and Gessler's levels of transfer form the theoretical framework of the study. In the context of the present study, different understandings of transfer can be attributed. Furthermore, using type‐building content analysis, four ideal transfer types, namely imitative Re‐Combination, adaptative Specialization, adaptative Re‐Combination and transformative Specialization are classified. The transfer itself is determined by the project activity rather than by a pre‐determined understanding of transfer on the part of the internationally active VET provider. In turn, the project activity shapes the type of transfer in combination with the project partners in the target country context. The project actors focus on structures and content; the transfer of practices and processes is largely understood implicitly and thus less directly forced.
The efficacy of sequential therapy with docetaxel and cabazitaxel for castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A retrospective multi‐institutional study in Japan
Authors: Terada Naoki , Sawada Atsuro , Kawanishi Hiroaki , Fujimoto Takeru , Magaribuchi Toshihiro , Chihara Ichiro , Hashimoto Kohei , Sakurai Toshihiko , Shimizu Yosuke , Uegaki Masayuki , Nakashima Masakazu , Narita Shintaro , Kubota Masashi , Yamada Yusuke , Tohi Yoichiro , Okabe Koh , Yatsuda Jyunji , Kamoto Toshiyuki
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study investigated the efficacy of docetaxel (DOC) and cabazitaxel (CBZ) and examined the factors associated with the prognosis of patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) receiving DOC‐CBZ sequential treatment in Japanese real‐world data.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated data for 146 patients who received DOC followed by CBZ. The correlations of prostate specific antigen (PSA) decrease rate and time to progression between DOC and CBZ treatment were examined. Combined progression‐free survival (PFS) of DOC‐CBZ and overall survival (OS) from the initiation of DOC and the diagnosis of CRPC were evaluated and compared between patients with high and low PSA levels at the start of DOC and CBZ treatment.

Results

No correlations of PSA decrease rate and time to progression were observed between DOC and CBZ. The patients for whom DOC was started in higher PSA levels had significantly shorter combined PFS (p = 0.003) and OS from the initiation of DOC (p = 0.002). In patients who started DOC at high PSA levels, those who switched to CBZ at low PSA levels had longer OS than those who switched at high PSA levels (p = 0.048). The OS from CRPC of patients who started DOC at low PSA levels was significantly longer than those that started at high PSA levels (p = 0.030).

Conclusions

For patients for whom DOC was not effective, sequential CBZ might have change to be effective. The PSA levels at the start of DOC and CBZ might be a potential prognostic biomarker.
La segmentation du marché du travail en Afrique australe et son incidence sur les travailleurs vulnérables
Authors: FOURIE Elmarie , VAN STADEN Marius
Published: November 2022

Les auteurs analysent la façon dont le cadre du droit du travail s'est constitué dans les pays de la Communauté de développement de l'Afrique australe (SADC), en cherchant à faire apparaître les cas de segmentation juridique. En parallèle, ils donnent un aperçu des caractéristiques démographiques de l'économie informelle dans les pays en question. Ils concluent que, par les mécanismes qu'il met en œuvre dans la région, le droit du travail contribue dans une large mesure à la segmentation économique qu'on peut y observer, et ce alors même que les principes qu'il promeut ont été inscrits dans les constitutions des pays en question.
Using Fa'afaletui to explore Samoan consumers' experience and interpretation of mental health person‐centred care in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Mulipola Ta'avale Ioana , Holroyd Eleanor , Vaka Sione
Published: November 2022

This study applied a fa'afaletui cultural lens to an exploratory qualitative study examining Samoan families' experiences and engagement with a person‐centred care model employed in specific mental health services in Aotearoa. Six semi‐structured talanoa group discussions with families who had been previously or currently engaged with mental health services. In addition, a local stakeholder group was recruited to guide stages of the fa'afaletui. A total of 13 individual participants from six families participated. Participants consisted of four mothers, two fathers, five sisters, one son, and one husband. Five themes were identified: (i) Fa'atuatua ile Atua; Spiritual faith in God; (ii) It is a hush hush topic; stigma of mental illness; (iii) We are in the dark with our communication and dealings with the services; (v) Practice what you preach; clinical service delivery misaligned with the model of care; and (vi) Alofa (love) and fa'aaloalo (respect); enablers of positive experience. The findings overall highlight spirituality and religion as core to a Samoan's faith to foster resilience and healing when facing adverse mental health events with their family members. In addition, the need to build up capacity for Pacific staffed specialist services and Pacific model to achieve equity and holistic care for Samoans and other Pacific populations at risk of adverse mental health outcomes are recommended.
Understanding global union repertoires of action
Authors: Ford Michele , Gillan Michael
Published: November 2022

Unlike national trade unions, which operate within country‐specific industrial relations systems, Global Unions have an international mandate and multi‐scalar positionality. As a consequence, their repertoires of action and the opportunity structures available to them differ from those of national unions. Drawing on qualitative interview data and fieldwork observations, we propose a typology of different strategic domains used by the Global Union Federations (GUFs), which identifies their characteristics, scale and constraints. We then discuss two cases that illustrate how complementary strategies of (a) engaging in incremental innovation and (b) combining repertoires from different strategic domains have supported the GUFs' desire to play a stronger role as global labour governance intermediaries.
Glass alteration in 19th century glass photographic plates: Potential role in gelatin delamination
Authors: Hiebert Miriam E. , Oakman Sarah , Brogdon‐Grantham Shannon , Lam Thomas
Published: November 2022

The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History houses the largest remaining collection of inter‐positive composite glass plate images from the production of Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion series. These photographs, which are approximately 150 years old, exhibit a wide range of degradation phenomena and products, including alteration of the glass plates. Compositions of both the image‐bearing glass plates and support glass panels were obtained through quantitative scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersive spectrometry. Electron imaging of cross‐sectioned samples of the image‐bearing glass plates reveals a visible sodium‐depleted glass alteration layer. Furthermore, electron imaging shows delamination of the image‐containing gelatin layer and captures evidence that suggests that interfacial stresses between the glass alteration layer and the unaltered glass contribute to the delamination of this layer along with the overlaid gelatin.
Ultrafine‐grained B6O–diamond composites with superb mechanical properties
Authors: Liu Chao , Sun Rongxin , Li Penghui , Li Baozhong , Gao Yufei , He Julong , Ying Pan
Published: November 2022

We report here the high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) synthesis of well‐sintered B6O–diamond composites from B6O and carbon black nanopowders. The carbon black was transformed into diamond nanograins at HPHT conditions, and simultaneously formed high‐strength B6O–diamond interfaces. The ultrafine B6O and diamond nanograins and the high‐strength B6O–diamond interfaces synergistically construct excellent mechanical properties for the synthesized composites. The B6O–diamond composites possess a hardness (avg. 52 GPa) comparable to that of polycrystalline diamond (40–60 GPa), whereas the fracture toughness (avg. 7.2 MPa m1/2) is increased several times compared to previously synthesized polycrystalline B6O ceramics (1.7–3.1 MPa m1/2) and B6O‐based composites (3–4 MPa m1/2). Fracture behavior analysis demonstrates that the main toughening mechanisms in this B6O–diamond composite are nanotwin toughening, crack deflection, and crack bridging.
Nurse practitioners on ‘the leading edge’ of medication abortion care: A feminist qualitative approach
Authors: Carson Andrea , Cameron Emma Stirling , Paynter Martha , Norman Wendy V. , Munro Sarah , Martin‐Misener Ruth
Published: November 2022

Aims

To explore nurse practitioners' experiences of medication abortion implementation in Canada and to identify ways to further support the implementation of medication abortion by nurse practitioners in Canada.

Design

A qualitative approach informed by feminist theory and integrated knowledge translation.

Methods

Qualitative interviews with stakeholders and nurse practitioners between January 2020 and May 2021. Data were analysed using critical feminist theory.

Results

Participants included 20 stakeholders, 16 nurse practitioner abortion providers, and seven nurse practitioners who did not provide abortions. We found that nurse practitioners conduct educational, communication and networking activities in the implementation of medication abortion in their communities. Nurse practitioners navigated resistance to abortion care in the health system from employers, colleagues and funders. Participants valued making abortion care more accessible to their patients and indicated that normalizing medication abortion in primary care was important to them.

Conclusion

When trained in abortion care and supported by employers, nurse practitioners are leaders of abortion care in their communities and want to provide accessible, inclusive services to their patients. We recommend nursing curricula integrate abortion services in education, and that policymakers and health administrators partner with nurses, physicians, midwives, social workers and pharmacists, for comprehensive provincial/territorial sexual and reproductive health strategies for primary care.

Impact

The findings from this study may inform future policy, health administration and curriculum decisions related to reproductive health, and raise awareness about the crucial role of nurse practitioners in abortion care and contributions to reproductive health equity.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study focused on provider experiences. In‐kind support was provided by Action Canada for Sexual Health & Rights, an organization that provides direct support and resources to the public and is committed to advocating on behalf of patients and the public seeking sexual and reproductive health services.
Increased magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer management—What are the outcomes?
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn , Haug Erik Skaaheim , Andersen Eivind Richter , Kjelle Elin
Published: November 2022

Rationale

Increased attention to cancer care has instigated altered systems for screening, diagnosis, and management of various types of cancer, such as in the prostate. While such systems very likely have improved the quality of cancer care, they also result in the altered use of specific services, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Aims and Objective

To study the change in the use of prostate MRI in the Norwegian health care system from 2013 to 2021 and to investigate some reasons for and potential implications of this change.

Method

Data from the Norwegian Health Economics Administration (HELFO), The Cancer Registry of Norway and Cause‐of‐death registry at the Norwegian Institute of public health and the health registry of Vestfold Hospital Trust were used for descriptive statistical analysis.

Results

The number of MRIs of the prostate increased threefold from 2013 to 2021, representing an extra cost of 2 million USD in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer was stable at about 5000 cases per year, corresponding to 178 per 100,000 men, indicating no increased overdiagnosis. However, the clinical staging has changed substantially during this period, indicating stage and grade migration. The number of negative biopsies was reduced, and there are three MRIs per reduced negative biopsy. The number of persons on active surveillance increased during the period. However, these changes are partly independent of the increase in the number of MRIs.

Conclusion

There was a substantial increase in the number of prostate MRIs and thus an increase in costs. This appears to have contributed to the reduction of negative biopsies, improved staging and increased active surveillance. However, as these effects are partly independent of the increase in MRIs, we need to document the outcomes for patients from prostate MRIs as their opportunity costs are substantial.
Parthenogenesis in an elasmobranch in the presence of conspecific males
Authors: Feldheim Kevin A. , Dubach Jean , Watson Lise
Published: November 2022

Parthenogenesis has been observed in several elasmobranch species, primarily in public aquaria. The majority of cases of parthenogenesis have occurred either when females were held without males or once a male was removed from a female's habitat. Here we report a second instance of parthenogenesis in a zebra shark female that was housed with conspecific mature males. This study calls into question the conditions under which elasmobranch females undergo parthenogenesis.
Analysis of lumbar spine stenosis for identification of amyloid
Authors: Cyrille‐Superville Nicole
Published: November 2022

This editorial comments on the article by Maurer et al. in this issue.
Impact of COVID‐19 policies on perceptions of loneliness in people aged 75 years and over in the cognitive function and aging study (CFAS II)
Authors: Richardson Connor D. , Roscoe Hannah , Green Emma , Brooks Racheal , Barnes Linda , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures have profoundly impacted society and social contact patterns, with older people disproportionately affected. Concerns have been raised about a resulting pandemic of loneliness in older people, although the current evidence is mixed. This study provides a unique perspective on the prevalence of loneliness in a population cohort of older people before the pandemic, followed up after the introduction of social restrictions.

Methods

Data analysis was conducted using Wave 3 of the longitudinal Cognitive Function and Aging Study II (2018–2019) and a sub‐study focusing on experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020). The sample comprised 379 adults aged over 75 living in Cambridge, Newcastle, and Nottingham. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of prevalent loneliness, adjusted for confounding covariates, during the pandemic. The prevalence of loneliness during the pandemic was compared to loneliness in 2018–2019.

Results

Prevalence of loneliness in this sample during the pandemic was 25.1% (95% CI 20.9%–29.7%) compared to 17.2% (95% CI 13.7%–21.3%) in 2018–2019 (χ2 = 14.1, p < 0.01). Variables associated with increased odds of prevalent loneliness included: prior loneliness, living alone, female gender, living in an area of higher deprivation, frequent pre‐pandemic social contact at community groups, and separation from family during the pandemic, adjusted for age and sex. Weekly technology‐mediated contact using telephone or video calls was associated with lower odds of loneliness.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 recovery plans should address loneliness in older people. Target groups should include those who have previously been lonely, people who live alone, those living in deprived areas, and those who had previously been socially active through community groups.
Toward Optimal Emotional Care During the Experience of Miscarriage: An Integrative Review of the Perspectives of Women, Partners, and Health Care Providers
Authors: Lee Lysha , Ma Winn , Davies Sidney , Kammers Marjolein
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Miscarriage is frequently associated with significant emotional impact, causing psychological distress, trauma, and grief. Unfortunately, women and partners frequently report dissatisfaction with care around miscarriage, and health care providers report feeling ill‐prepared and underequipped to provide emotional support. This integrative review synthesizes the individual perspectives of the woman experiencing the miscarriage, the partner, and the different health care provider roles involved in the care to better understand what future research is necessary to improve the experiences of bereaved parents and their health care providers.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies that covered emotional care around miscarriage from the perspective of women, partners, or health care providers. The review included studies published in English between 2015 and 2022, using either quantitative or qualitative methods. Thematic analysis was carried out, and conclusions from these articles were integrated into themes and subthemes.

Results

A total of 60 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two main themes were identified for women: (1) a need for more information and (2) a need for acknowledgment of their loss. Two main themes were likewise identified for partners: (1) a need for more information and (2) a need for recognition. Three main themes were identified for health care providers: (1) a need for additional training, (2) components of quality care, and (3) perceived barriers to providing care.

Discussion

There is broad overlap in the needs identified by bereaved parents and their health care providers, as well as general agreement regarding the barriers to providing effective care. Five areas of future research priority were identified to understand how best to meet these needs: empirical evaluation of strategies to meet identified needs, investigation of setting‐specific needs, integrated consideration of all relevant roles, investigation of the care needs of diverse groups, and an investigation of the predictors of emotional impact.
A Rejuvenating treatment targeting “tech neck” lines and wrinkles in Chinese women: A prospective, open‐label, single‐center study
Authors: Young Morgann B. , Lai Wei , Kononov Tatiana , Zahr Alisar S.
Published: November 2022

Background

Aging of neck and jawline skin is caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors and is evidenced by wrinkling, laxity, skin dyspigmentation, loss of the mandibular contour, accumulation of submental fat, density loss, and prominent platysma bands. Early intervention with topical cosmeceuticals, especially in younger subjects with “tech neck,” can offer a solution and potentially mitigate aging of the neck and jawline.

Aim

The objective of this prospective, open‐label, single‐center clinical study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a topical anti‐aging neck treatment (TNT) in a cohort of Chinese women with mild to moderate signs of aging on the neck and jawline.

Subjects/Methods

This study was approved by an ethics committee and involved healthy Chinese subjects. Thirty‐five female subjects, 25–50 years old, with mild to moderate signs of aging of the neck and jawline were recruited. Subjects applied the TNT to the neck and jawline twice daily for 84 days. Long‐term efficacy and tolerability, clinical photography, bioinstrumentation, and a self‐assessment questionnaire were performed at baseline and post‐baseline.

Results

The TNT significantly improved horizontal neck fold lines and neck skin elasticity, hydration, gloss/radiance, and skin tone evenness post‐baseline. Clinical photography and ultrasound corroborated these findings. The product was well perceived and well tolerated by subjects.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the TNT was effective against both extrinsic and intrinsic aging of the neck and jawline. The TNT provides a topical solution for Chinese women concerned with an aging appearance of the neck including “tech neck.”
Work family conflict, family work conflicts and work‐related quality of life: The effect of rotating versus fixed shifts
Authors: Al‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A.
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objective

This study examined the difference between rotating and fixed shift schedules on work–family conflict, family–work conflict and work‐related quality of life.

Background

There is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of rotating shifts on work–family conflict, family–work conflict and work‐related quality of life among nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was used to conduct this study.

Methods

Data were collected from 216 nurses using the Work and Family Conflict Scale and Work‐Related Quality of Life. Bivariate correlations and independent samples t‐tests were performed. The results of the current study were reported using the STROBE checklist.

Results

Bivariate correlations showed that work‐related family quality of life is negatively associated with work–family and family–work conflicts. The mean differences between the two groups (rotating and fixed shifts) were significant for all three variables: work–family conflicts, family–work conflicts and work‐related quality of life.

Conclusions

Rotating shifts are associated with an increased risk of experiencing work–family and family–work conflicts and decreasing their quality of working life, which may adversely affect the quality of care provided.

Relevance to the Clinical Practice

The effect of shift types on nurses and how rotating shifts have more severe consequences on nurses should be considered. Nurse managers are encouraged to use the findings of this study to mitigate the risk of any work–family or family–work conflicts and improve nurses' work‐related quality of life.

Patient or Public Contribution

The chief nursing officers at the data collection settings facilitated direct contact with potential participants and data collection.
An ancient enzyme finds a new home: Prevalence and neofunctionalization of trypsin in marine phytoplankton
Authors: You Yanchun , Sun Xueqiong , Lin Senjie
Published: November 2022

Trypsin is an ancient protease best known as a digestive enzyme in animals, and traditionally believed to be absent in plants and protists. However, our recent studies have revealed its wide presence and important roles in marine phytoplankton. Here, to gain a better understanding on the importance of trypsin in phytoplankton, we further surveyed the distribution, diversity, evolution and potential ecological roles of trypsin in global ocean phytoplankton. Our analysis indicated that trypsin is widely distributed both taxonomically and geographically in marine phytoplankton. Furthermore, by systematic comparative analyses we found that algal trypsin could be classified into two subfamilies (trypsin I and trypsin II) and exhibited highly duplicated and diversified during evolution. We also observed markedly different domain sequences and organizations between and within the subfamilies, suggesting potential neofunctionalization. Diatoms contain both subfamilies of trypsin, with higher numbers of genes and more environment‐responsive expression of trypsin than other lineages. The duplication and subsequent neofunctionalization of the trypsin family may be important in diatoms for adapting to dynamical environmental conditions, contributing to diatoms' dominance in the coastal oceans. This work advances our knowledge on the distribution and neofunctionalization of this ancient enzyme and creates a new window of research on phytoplankton biology.
Multiple modifiable maternal, household and health service factors are associated with maternal nutrition and early breastfeeding practices in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kim Sunny S. , Ouédraogo Césaire T. , Zagré Rock R. , Ganaba Rasmané , Zafimanjaka Maurice G. , Tharaney Manisha , Menon Purnima
Published: November 2022

Low coverage of effective nutrition interventions in many high‐burden countries, due to service provision and demand factors, result in poor uptake of recommended practices and nutrition outcomes. We examined the factors that influence maternal nutrition and early breastfeeding practices and determined the extent that the key factors could improve these practices in two regions in Burkina Faso. We used household survey data among pregnant (n = 920) and recently delivered women (n = 1840). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of a diverse diet and iron‐folic acid (IFA) supplement consumption, weight monitoring during pregnancy and early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF). Population attributable risk analysis was used to estimate how much the outcomes can be improved under optimal conditions of interventions that address the modifiable determinants. During pregnancy, 21% of women achieved minimum diet diversity (MDD‐W), 70% consumed 90+ IFA tablets and 65% were weighed 4+ times; EIBF was 40%. Nutrition knowledge was associated with MDD‐W (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2), 90+ IFA (OR: 1.5) and EIBF (OR: 1.9). Positive social norms and family support were associated with 90+ IFA (OR: 1.5). Early and 4+ ANC visits were associated with 90+ IFA (OR: 1.5 and 10) and 4+ weight monitoring (OR: 6.2). Nutrition counselling was associated with 90+ IFA (OR: 2.5) and EIBF (OR: 1.5). Under optimal programme conditions, 41% of women would achieve MDD‐W, 93% would consume 90+ IFA, 93% would be weighed 4+ times and 57% would practice EIBF. Strengthening the delivery and uptake of interventions targeted at these modifiable factors has the potential to improve maternal nutrition practices.
Pleistocene parades of carnivores into North America
Authors: Gaughran Stephen J. , vonHoldt Bridgett
Published: November 2022

The distribution and movement of species, broadly known as biogeography, is one of the fundamental subfields of ecology and evolutionary biology. However, significant mysteries remain about the processes that gave rise to the modern distribution of biodiversity across the globe. Over the last several decades, the genetic study of ancient and subfossil specimens has started to shed light on past migrations of some species, with a particular focus on humans and megafauna. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Salis et al. (2021) use ancient mitogenomes and a new phylogeographic method to add an important new piece of evidence to the mystery of megafaunal migrations into North America during the Pleistocene. They found a striking synchronicity of brown bear (Ursus arctos) and lion (Panthera spp.) migrations across the Bering Land Bridge at several time points during the late Pleistocene, which highlights the lasting impact of sea level change on the prehistoric and modern dispersal of terrestrial carnivores across continents.
Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies
Authors: Konvickova Hana , Spitzer Lukáš , Fric Zdenek Faltynek , Kepka Pavel , Lestina Dan , Novotny David , Zapletal Michal , Zimmermann Kamil , Maresova Jana Papp , Benes Jiri , Konvicka Martin
Published: November 2022

In human‐altered landscapes, specialist butterflies typically form spatially restricted populations, genetically differentiated due to dispersal restrictions. Generalists, in contrast, display minimum differentiation but high genetic diversity. While local‐level actions suffice to conserve specialists and landscape‐level actions are necessary for generalists, minimum information exists regarding conservation of species with intermediate features. We targeted two congeneric butterflies, the recently re‐expandingArgynnis adippeand the strongly decliningA. niobe, co‐occurring in the pastoral landscape of the Carpathian Mountains, Czech Republic. We integrated species distribution models, mark–recapture and microsatellite analysis to compare their habitat requirements, adult demography, dispersal and genetic patterns, and expanded the genetic analysis across the Carpathian Arc and beyond to delimit spatial conservation units. In two mountain valleys, both species formed interconnected populations numbering thousands of individuals. Mobility patterns suggested the populations' interconnection across the Czech Carpathians. Genetic diversity was extremely poor in the nonthreatenedA. adippeand moderate in the decliningA. niobe. No population differentiation was detected within the Czech Carpathians (~1500 km2). Low genetic diversity and no differentiation was preserved inA. adippeacross East Central Europe, whereas inA. niobe, populations from Serbia were differentiated from the Carpathian Arc + Alps. The high adult mobility linked to low differentiation probably reflects the distribution of larval resources, historically widespread but sparse and currently declining forA. niobe(grazing‐disturbed grounds), while currently increasing forA. adippe(abandonment scrub, disturbed woodlands). Units as large as entire mountain systems define population boundaries, and hence conservation management units, for both species.
Pre‐transplant serum Beta Trace Protein indicates risk for post‐transplant major cardiac adverse events
Authors: Schwab Sebastian , Pörner Daniel , Kleine Carola‐Ellen , Werberich Roxana , Werberich Louisa , Reinhard Stephan , Bös Dominik , Strassburg Christian P. , von Vietinghoff Sibylle , Lutz Philipp , Woitas Rainer P.
Published: November 2022

Background

Beta Trace Protein (BTP) is a biomarker for residual kidney function which has been linked to cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in haemodialysis patients. Following renal transplantation, recipients remain at increased risk for cardiovascular events compared with the general population. We aimed to determine the relationship of pre‐transplant BTP to major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients following kidney transplantation.

Methods

We included 384 patients with end‐stage renal disease who received a kidney transplant. MACE was defined as myocardial infarction (ST‐segment elevation or non‐ST‐segment elevation, stroke or transient ischemic attack), coronary artery disease requiring intervention or bypass or death for cardiovascular reason. The association between pre‐transplant serum BTP concentration and post‐transplant MACE was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results

Post‐transplant MACE occurred in 70/384 patients. Pre‐transplant BTP was significantly higher in patients with post‐transplant MACE (14.36 ± 5.73 mg/l vs. 11.26 ± 5.11 mg/l; p < .01). Next to smoking (HR 1.81), age > 56.38 years (HR 1.97) and pre‐existing coronary heart disease (HR 8.23), BTP above the cut off value of 12.7 mg/l was confirmed as independent risk factor for MACE (HR 2.02, all p < .05). MACE‐free survival inversely correlated with pre‐transplant BTP levels.

Conclusions

Pre‐transplant serum BTP concentration may identify renal transplant recipients with higher risk of post‐transplant MACE.
Pachyosteosclerosis, rhamphotheca and enhanced sensory capabilities of the premaxillae of Hyperodapedon (Archosauromorpha, Rhynchosauria): implications for foraging at the sediment–water interface
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Ray Sanghamitra
Published: November 2022

The external morphology and microanatomy of 32 partial and complete Hyperodapedon premaxillae was examined to assess their functional attributes. This revealed morphological correlates for innervation of Hyperodapedon premaxillae in the form of posteriorly opening enlarged neurovascular foramina associated with several grooves, and a prominent neurovascular sulcus. Scanning electron microscopy shows numerous small, circular foramina in clusters along the lateroventral surface towards the anterior tip and along the ventral edge, often in a preferred orientation. These are found associated with high rugosity along the elongated anterolateral depression, and were related to nutrient supply and/or part of the neurovascular system. Selected premaxillae show extremely high bone compactness indices (especially at the anterior end) suggesting specialized osteosclerotic conditions, and dense and compact bone microstructure with almost no clear transition between the outer compact cortex and inner core. With ontogeny, the premaxillae became lateromedially thickened by deposition of lamellar zonal bone, and highly vascularized and dense from intense Haversian remodelling, suggesting pachyosteosclerosis of the premaxillae. Other characteristic features include profuse open vascular channels or a frayed margin at the anteroventral tip, and dense bundles of long and wavy extrinsic fibres. These features, along with high bone compactness, decrease posteriorly towards the naris. It is proposed that the Hyperodapedon premaxillae were covered by keratinized epithelium or rhamphotheca at the anterior end, and had heightened sensory capabilities that aided foraging for mussels and other invertebrates in soft sediments under shallow water. Such enhanced sensory capability is reported for the first time in an early‐diverging archosauromorph.