bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Characteristics of Carpal Bone Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chughtai Morad , Orriols Adrienne M. , Saengchote Supreeya A. , Kim Jongmin , Wright Thomas W. , Dell Paul C. , Matthias Robert C.
Published: June 2023

Background Carpal bone tumors are rare in the literature, making it difficult to identify their clinical presentation.

Purpose This systematic review analyzes the characteristics of published carpal bone tumor cases to identify the most frequent patterns in diagnoses. Attention is paid to the carpal bone involved and type, and patient demographics was performed to summarize published findings.

Methods A systematic review was searched on PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases gathering literature on carpal bone tumors. After applying specific criteria, final analysis of the literature yielded 151 patients with 156 carpal bone neoplasms.

Results The most common carpal bones involved were the scaphoid (48, 31%), capitate (31, 20%), and hamate (24, 15%). Benign tumors represented the largest majority (133, 85%), followed by metastatic (17, 11%) and primary malignant (7, 5%). The most frequent tumor types were osteoid osteoma (37, 24%), osteoblastoma or giant cell tumor (24, 15%), intraosseous ganglia (21, 13%), and chondroblastoma (14, 9%). Within the metastatic category, most tumors derived from lung carcinoma (10, 59%), followed by renal cell carcinoma (2, 12%). There were three types within the malignant category: chondrosarcoma (3, 43%), hemangioendothelial sarcoma (3, 43%), and osteosarcoma (1, 14%).

Conclusion The most frequent carpal bones observed were the scaphoid, capitate, and hamate. Most tumors were benign. The most common tumor types were osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and giant cell tumor. Metastatic carpal tumors were most commonly from lung carcinoma. Chondrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma were the most common primary malignancies.
Citizens’ candidates? Labour market experiences and radical right-wing candidates in the 2014 Swedish municipal elections
Authors: Helske Satu , Kawalerowicz Juta
Published: June 2023

This article uses Swedish register data to study the labour market experiences of radical right-wing candidates standing in local elections. We look at different measures of economic insecurity (labour market participation trajectories, experience of unemployment in social networks and relative growth in the number of jobs for foreign-born workers vis-a-vis natives) and examine whether they are predictors of candidates running for the Sweden Democrats, the main radical right-wing party in Sweden, as opposed to running for mainstream political parties. We find that the labour market trajectories of such candidates are markedly different from those of mainstream party candidates. Those with turbulent or out-of-labour market trajectories are much more likely to run for the Sweden Democrats, as opposed to other parties. The same is also true for candidates embedded in social networks with higher levels of unemployment, while working in a high-skilled industry markedly lowers the probability of running for the Sweden Democrats, especially for male candidates with low educational attainment. We find mixed results for the ethnic threat hypothesis.
Symmetry breaking for current-induced magnetization switching
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhao Tieyang , Lin Weinan , Shu Xinyu , Zhou Jing , Zheng Zhenyi , Chen Hongliang , Jia Lanxin , Chen Jingsheng
Published: June 2023

Electromagnetic phenomena, such as magnetization switching, are guided by parity and time-reversal symmetries. Magnetic field and magnetization are time-odd axial vectors. Therefore, the magnetic field can switch magnetization reversibly. In contrast, the electric field is a time-even polar vector that cannot directly switch magnetization. For magnetic recording, an electrical coil-generated local magnetic field is used to switch the magnetic bit. However, in order to integrate the magnetic functionality, e.g., nonvolatile magnetic memory with high speed and low energy consumption, into the chip, it is essential to implement the magnetization switching by an electrical current, where the current induces other axial vectors through spin-transfer torque or spin–orbit torque (SOT). As an energy-efficient tool of magnetization switching, current-induced SOT has been intensively studied for the past decade, which holds great promise in the next generation of magnetic memories and magnetic logic devices [A. Manchon et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 035004 (2019); X. Han et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 120502 (2021); C. Song et al., Prog. Mater. Sci. 118, 100761 (2021); Q. Shao et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 57, 21076639 (2021); J. Ryu et al., Adv. Mater. 32, 1907148 (2020); Y. Cao et al., iScience 23, 101614 (2020)]. In this review, we will first give the basic principle of the symmetry considerations for current-induced magnetization switching. Then, different methods to break the mirror symmetry for deterministic SOT switching will be discussed, together with examples that contain recent progress. In the end, we will give a discussion on the challenges and perspectives of the symmetry designs for SOT, which aim to inspire future fundamental studies and device applications.
Enhanced light extraction efficiency of far-ultraviolet-C LEDs by micro-LED array design
Authors: Rass Jens , Cho Hyun Kyong , Guttmann Martin , Prasai Deepak , Ruschel Jan , Kolbe Tim , Einfeldt Sven
Published: June 2023

AlGaN-based far-UVC light emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission wavelength of 233 nm were fabricated in the form of micro-LED arrays with emitter diameters ranging from 1.5 to 50 μm. The mesa was plasma etched with a sidewall angle of 45°–50°, and insulator layers made of SiNx or SiO2 were deposited. While the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the LEDs with SiNx showed only a small dependency on the micro-LED diameter, the LEDs using SiO2 showed an increase in the peak EQE by a factor of four as compared to large area devices. This enhancement is attributed to a strong increase in the light extraction efficiency due to total internal reflection and re-direction at the inclined mesa, allowing TM-polarized light emitted in the plane of the quantum well to be extracted through the sapphire backside of the chips.
Regulation of O–H and O–O stimulated Raman scattering peaks in H2O–H2O2 solution by excess electrons
Authors: Li Fabing , Chen Zhou , Liu Cunming , Hu Zhan , Sun Chenglin
Published: June 2023

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) not only expands the spectral range of stimulated emission but also presents a way to delve into the intricate microscopic dynamics of matter. In this manuscript, SRS of O–O and O–H stretching vibrations in H2O–H2O2 solution is measured using 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. SRS peak intensities of O–O and O–H stretches are observed to engage in a competitive process, depending on the coupling direction of the excess electrons, which is determined by the recombination rate of H2O2 and H2O under laser-induced breakdown. Notably, a high-order (fifth order) SRS peak originating from H2O2 is detected, attributable to the Raman-active enhancement caused by surplus electrons and the amplification of vibration energy resulting from shockwaves. This experiment holds potential for advancing multi-wavelength selective regulation in terms of its contributions.
Let’s talk about U=U: seizing a valuable opportunity to better support adolescents living with HIV
Authors: Bernays Sarah , Lariat Joni , Ameyan Wole , Willis Nicola
Published: June 2023

The clinical knowledge that people living with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load and therefore cannot transmit HIV sexually, known as Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U=U), has reached a critical mass of adults, but it is relatively silenced within adolescent HIV care and support. We argue that understanding the full range of opportunities enabled by viral suppression, including the elimination of transmission risk, could transform adolescents’ understanding of living with HIV, incentivise optimal treatment engagement and support and sustain their positive mental health. However, the reluctance to discuss U=U with adolescents means that we are not providing them with adequate access to the information and tools that would help them to succeed. We need to recognise, value, and invest in the mediating role of building viral load literacy, illustrated by conveying U=U in ways that are meaningful for adolescents, to accelerate viral suppression. Rather than protect, rationing access to information on U=U only increases their vulnerability and risk to poor HIV and mental health outcomes.
Hot-extruded AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy with ultra-high strength and large ductility
Authors: Dou Zhenyu , Yin Jingou , Niu Jingzhe , Wei Ming , Wang Jian
Published: June 2023

An equimolar AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) with trade-off properties between strength and ductility is prepared by hot extrusion for the first time. Compared with the HEAs prepared by casting and heat treatments, hot-extruded AlCoCrFeNi HEA not only contains uniform elements and phase distributions but also finer grains and microstructures. The average diameter of the homogeneous equal-axis fine grains is less than 5 µm. The compressive yield strength and ultimate compressive strength of the hot-extruded AlCoCrFeNi HEA reach 1450 and 3500 MPa respectively, while the compressive strain reach 42%. These excellent mechanical properties are attributed to the fine microstructure. In addition, the uniform dispersed network phase structures, ultrafine sub-grains, high density dislocations and blunted cracks in the deformed AlCoCrFeNi HEA are all the important factors affecting the strength and plasticity of the HEA. Hot-extruded AlCoCrFeNi HEA with excellent mechanical properties confirms a great prospect for the preparation of high-strength HEAs.
Spin Transport Properties of MnBi2Te4-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Dong Xinlong , Jia Xin , Yan Zhi , Shen Xuemin , Li Zeyu , Qiao Zhenhua , Xu Xiaohong
Published: June 2023

The van der Waals heterojunctions, stacking of different two-dimensional materials, have opened unprecedented opportunities to explore new physics and device concepts. Here, combining the density functional theory with non-equilibrium Green's function technique, we systematically investigate the spin-polarized transport properties of van der Waals magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), Cu/MnBi2Te4/MnBi2Te4/Cu and Cu/MnBi2Te4/h-BN/n⋅MnBi2Te4/Cu (n = 1, 2, 3). It is found that the maximum tunnel magnetoresistance of Cu/MnBi2Te4/h-BN/3⋅MnBi2Te4/Cu MTJs can reach 162.6%, exceeding the system with only a single layer MnBi2Te4. More interestingly, our results indicate that Cu/MnBi2Te4/h-BN/n⋅MnBi2Te4/Cu (n = 2, 3) MTJs can realize the switching function, while Cu/MnBi2Te4/h-BN/3⋅MnBi2Te4/Cu MTJs exhibit the negative differential resistance. The Cu/MnBi2Te4/h-BN/3⋅MnBi2Te4/Cu in the parallel state shows a spin injection efficiency of more than 83.3%. Our theoretical findings of the transport properties will shed light on the possible experimental studies of MnBi2Te4-based van der Waals magnetic tunneling junctions.
Experimental and numerical investigations of heat transfer and flow characteristics during flow boiling in straight and diverging PDMS microchannel
Authors: Alugoju Uday Kumar , Dubey Satish Kumar , Javed Arshad
Published: June 2023

Recent trends of miniaturization and densely packed circuits have necessitated the development of novel cooling methods, especially for emerging fields like flexible microelectronics, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microchannel flow boiling heat sink can be used for these applications due to its unique properties as such as unique mechanical properties, biocompatibility, optical transparency, etc. PDMS microchannels are fabricated using soft lithography techniques, which involve using a mould to pattern the PDMS material. The mould is created using photolithography, and the PDMS is poured over the mould and cured to create the microchannels. In this study, an effort is made to compare the flow and heat transfer performance of a PDMS microchannel heat sink with different channel shapes, i.e. straight and diverging microchannel heat sinks for different heat flux and mass flux conditions. The PDMS microchannel was fabricated using the soft lithography technique and a flexible laser-induced graphene heater was fabricated and integrated with the developed PDMS microchannel to act as a heat source. Experimentally, the parameters like bubble pattern, pressure drop, exit vapour quality, and corresponding heat transfer coefficient were determined at varying mass and heat flux ranging from 19 to 114 kg m−2s−1 and from 13.3 to 156.6 kW m−2 respectively for both the microchannels. It was observed that the flow in the diverging microchannel is more stable and has a 13% higher heat transfer coefficient value compared to the straight microchannel under similar conditions. Further, a 3D numerical study was carried out to corroborate and elaborate on the results. The heat transfer, flow characteristics, and bubble pattern results show an excellent agreement with experimental results. This work has significant relevance in designing flexible microchannel heat sinks.
Geometry of the energy input of a shockwave generated by a nanosecond laser-induced breakdown
Authors: Rudz Steve , Shetty Prathika Prathap , Hanus Jean-Luc , Pellerin Stéphane , Bauchire Jean-Marc , Wartel Maxime
Published: June 2023

The spatio-temporal evolution of the shock wave generated by a laser induced breakdown is often investigated and interpreted in the framework of the theory of shock similarity solutions. This work is a discussion about the choice of the most relevant geometry (spherical or cylindrical) to be used in the Jones modelling to track the intermediate-strength shockwave trajectory coming from a laser-induced non-resonant breakdown in argon. Laser incident energies ranging from 10 to 200 mJ with initial pressure of argon from 250 to 2500 mbar are investigated using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a 6 ns pulse duration. Experimental results show that using the radial component

r
b

of the ellipsoidal shape of the shockwave with a cylindrical geometry best describes the shockwave trajectory over time. Moreover, the deduced characteristic length

r
0

allows us to observe a shockwave shape similarity for all tested laser energies at a given pressure.
Opportunities and challenges for DNA in atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing
Authors: Cai Zhuang , Yang Bei , Gao Rui , Liu Huajie
Published: June 2023

The revolutionary products obtained from atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM) has motivated people to conduct more in-depth research. There is a pressing need to surpass the constraints of current technology and achieve precise construction at the atomic scale. The emergence of DNA nanotechnology has enabled DNA to serve as a template for precisely localizing functional components. These advantages of DNA in bottom-up manufacturing give it great potential in ACSM. From this perspective, we review the ability of DNA to accurately build complex structures and discuss its application and prospects in precise atomic manipulation. Finally, opportunities and challenges for DNA in ACSM are systematically summarized.
The INFN proton computed tomography system for relative stopping power measurements: calibration and verification
Authors: Scaringella Monica , Bruzzi Mara , Farace Paolo , Fogazzi Elena , Righetto Roberto , Rit Simon , Tommasino Francesco , Verroi Enrico , Civinini Carlo
Published: June 2023

Objective. This paper describes the procedure to calibrate the three-dimensional (3D) proton stopping power relative to water (SPR) maps measured by the proton computed tomography (pCT) apparatus of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN, Italy). Measurements performed on water phantoms are used to validate the method. The calibration allowed for achieving measurement accuracy and reproducibility to levels below 1%. Approach. The INFN pCT system is made of a silicon tracker for proton trajectory determination followed by a YAG:Ce calorimeter for energy measurement. To perform the calibration, the apparatus has been exposed to protons of energies ranging from 83 to 210 MeV. Using the tracker, a position-dependent calibration has been implemented to keep the energy response uniform across the calorimeter. Moreover, correction algorithms have been developed to reconstruct the proton energy when this is shared in more than one crystal and to consider the energy loss in the non-uniform apparatus material. To verify the calibration and its reproducibility, water phantoms have been imaged with the pCT system during two data-taking sessions. Main results. The energy resolution of the pCT calorimeter resulted to be

σ

E

E

≅
0.9
%

at 196.5 MeV. The average values of the water SPR in fiducial volumes of the control phantoms have been calculated to be 0.995±0.002. The image non-uniformities were below 1%. No appreciable variation of the SPR and uniformity values between the two data-taking sessions could be identified. Significance. This work demonstrates the accuracy and reproducibility of the calibration of the INFN pCT system at a level below 1%. Moreover, the uniformity of the energy response keeps the image artifacts at a low level even in the presence of calorimeter segmentation and tracker material non-uniformities. The implemented calibration technique allows the INFN-pCT system to face applications where the precision of the SPR 3D maps is of paramount importance.
Advanced repeated structuring and learning procedure to detect acute myocardial ischemia in serial 12-lead ECGs
Authors: Sbrollini Agnese , ter Haar C Cato , Leoni Chiara , Morettini Micaela , Burattini Laura , Swenne Cees A
Published: June 2023

Objectives. Acute myocardial ischemia in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may lead to myocardial infarction. Therefore, timely decisions, already in the pre-hospital phase, are crucial to preserving cardiac function as much as possible. Serial electrocardiography, a comparison of the acute electrocardiogram with a previously recorded (reference) ECG of the same patient, aids in identifying ischemia-induced electrocardiographic changes by correcting for interindividual ECG variability. Recently, the combination of deep learning and serial electrocardiography provided promising results in detecting emerging cardiac diseases; thus, the aim of our current study is the application of our novel Advanced Repeated Structuring and Learning Procedure (AdvRS&LP), specifically designed for acute myocardial ischemia detection in the pre-hospital phase by using serial ECG features. Approach. Data belong to the SUBTRACT study, which includes 1425 ECG pairs, 194 (14%) ACS patients, and 1035 (73%) controls. Each ECG pair was characterized by 28 serial features that, with sex and age, constituted the inputs of the AdvRS&LP, an automatic constructive procedure for creating supervised neural networks (NN). We created 100 NNs to compensate for statistical fluctuations due to random data divisions of a limited dataset. We compared the performance of the obtained NNs to a logistic regression (LR) procedure and the Glasgow program (Uni-G) in terms of area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve, sensitivity (SE), and specificity (SP). Main Results. NNs (median AUC = 83%, median SE = 77%, and median SP = 89%) presented a statistically (P value lower than 0.05) higher testing performance than those presented by LR (median AUC = 80%, median SE = 67%, and median SP = 81%) and by the Uni-G algorithm (median SE = 72% and median SP = 82%). Significance. In conclusion, the positive results underscore the value of serial ECG comparison in ischemia detection, and NNs created by AdvRS&LP seem to be reliable tools in terms of generalization and clinical applicability.
Thermal dynamics of leader decay and reactivation in long air gap discharges
Authors: Huang Yubin , He Hengxin , Liu Lipeng , Ding Yujian , Chen Shen , Wu Yutong , Luo Bin , Cheng Chen , Chen Weijiang
Published: June 2023

In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of positive leader discharges, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of leader decay and reactivation. Our approach involved a detailed experimental and computational analysis of the phenomena. Specifically, we employed a time-resolved quantitative Schlieren platform, which provided us with high spatial resolution (60.0 μm pixel−1) and short exposure times (0.37 μs frame−1), allowing us to capture the 2D spatial–temporal evolution of gas temperature in positive leaders with a gap length of up to three meters. In addition, we employed a detailed thermal-hydrodynamic model coupled with a comprehensive kinetic scheme, consisting of 28 chemical species and 125 chemical reactions. Our simulations showed good agreement with the measured mean gas temperature and expansion rate of thermal radius. We conducted experiments under the same applied conditions to obtain both stable and decaying leaders. Our results show that once a positive leader starts to decay, the temperature drops below 3000 K. At the same time, both the electric field and conductivity decrease significantly compared to a stable leader. In addition, before the temperature drops below 2000 K and transforms into an aborted leader, a decaying leader might be reactivated.
Influence of interfacial recombination on hysteresis in the J-V curves of TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD solar cells
Authors: Wang Yuqiang , Wang Jianping , Lu Shulong , Ji Lian
Published: June 2023

In this study, the drift-diffusion model incorporating mobile ions is adopted to study the effect of recombination at different interfaces on the hysteresis of the J-V curves in TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD solar cells. The simulation results show that the recombination at different interfaces has different effects on the hysteresis, especially the open circuit voltage. The surface recombination at the perovskite/hole transport layer interface has greater effects than that at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. This is mainly due to the different permittivity of the electron and hole transport layer. Our simulation also investigated the influence of energy alignment of between perovskite and charge transport layer. We find that a better energy alignment can reduce the influence of interface recombination on the hysteresis.
Direct-current-sputtered nickel oxide (NiO) films with improved p-type conduction characteristic: impact of substrate temperature on structure, optical and electrical properties
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Meng Xue , Li Binqi
Published: June 2023

Nickel oxide (NiO) films are direct current sputtered at different substrate temperatures (Tsub) using high sputtering power density and sputtering pressure. The improvement in crystallization of the films with Tsub results in the decrease of concentration of the coexisting Ni vacancies and interstitial O atoms, thereby increasing the hole mobility and resistivity. All the films have an approximate near-violet absorption edge of ca. 3.6 eV. The only difference is the rate of increase of transmittance that is attributed to the tail states produced by the tensile stress. The polycrystalline NiO film with 200 °C Tsub can be used as the hole-transporting layer material of inverse-architecture perovskite solar cells due to the maximum free hole concentration, minimum resistivity and intermediate hole mobility.
Manipulating vortices with a rotating laser beam in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Di Xuefeng , Nie Yu-Hang , Yang Tao
Published: June 2023

We investigate the influence of a rotating laser beam on the dynamics of a topological vortex excitation in single-component and binary two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates loaded in harmonic traps. The vortex dynamics show different characters by considering the relative position of the vortex and the laser beam and the excitations in the condensates with respect to the rotating frequency and the size of the laser beam. We show the dynamic phase diagrams of single-component condensates with radial isotropy and anisotropy and binary condensates with the vortex and the laser beam being in the same component and different components. Interesting dynamical states such as bound-state, free-state, chaotic-state, free-chaotic-state and bound-chaotic-state are identified for different systems within certain parameter regions.
Triple-dip La Niña in 2020–23: understanding the role of the annual cycle in tropical Pacific SST
Authors: Jiang Song , Zhu Congwen , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Jiang Ning , Zheng Fei
Published: June 2023

The triple-dip La Niña in 2020–23 is characterized by persisting southeasterly wind anomalies over the tropical central and eastern Pacific. Our results show that the wind anomalies are associated with the anomalously negative phase of the first two leading modes of the annual cycle (antisymmetric and symmetric modes about the equator) of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific. The two modes account for 82.2% and 13.5% of the total variance, linking to the seasonal swing of SST between the northern and southern hemispheres and the temporal evolution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, respectively. During 2020–23, the persistently and anomalously negative phase of the symmetric mode enhances easterly wind over the tropical central Pacific, while the antisymmetric mode strengthens the southeasterly wind over the tropical eastern Pacific. The anomalously negative phase of the antisymmetric mode is associated with the contrast of SST anomalies between the northern and southern hemispheres, which provided a favorable background for the triple-dip La Niña in 2020–23.
Assessment of tribological behaviour of laser textured brake disc/composite brake pad system using adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system technique
Authors: Nadig Ravi Shankar , Bharatish A , Murthy H N Narasimha , Manoj I V , Vinod Prakash
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the impact of Laser Surface Texturing (LST) on the tribological performance of a commercial automotive brake system consisting of a metallic brake disc and composite brake pads. The study focuses on achieving an optimal combination of wear and friction, aligning with the goals of green technology. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology is used to rank the characteristics, while the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) methodology is employed to model the friction and wear behavior of the brake pad-disc system under varying normal loads and sliding speeds. At a normal load of 100 N and a sliding speed of 0.73 m s−1 under dry conditions, the brake system exhibited a minimum coefficient of friction of 0.2066 and a specific wear rate of 7.93 × 10−6 mm3 N−1-m−1. Although, there was no specific correlation found between frictional power and specific wear rate, a higher load of 100 N and sliding speed of 2.71 m s−1 resulted in decrease in specific wear rate by 83% when compared to that of untextured brake discs. By applying brake oil to the laser-textured boundary, the coefficient of friction experienced a 31% reduction.
Effect of the deposition process on the stability of Ti3C2T
x
MXene films for bioelectronics
Authors: Shankar Sneha , Murphy Brendan B , Driscoll Nicolette , Shekhirev Mikhail , Valurouthu Geetha , Shevchuk Kateryna , Anayee Mark , Cimino Francesca , Gogotsi Yury , Vitale Flavia
Published: June 2023

Ti3C2T
x
MXene is emerging as the enabling material in a broad range of wearable and implantable medical technologies, thanks to its outstanding electrical, electrochemical, and optoelectronic properties, and its compatibility with high-throughput solution-based processing. While the prevalence of Ti3C2T
x
MXene in biomedical research, and in particular bioelectronics, has steadily increased, the long-term stability and degradation of Ti3C2T
x
MXene films have not yet been thoroughly investigated, limiting its use for chronic applications. Here, we investigate the stability of Ti3C2T
x
films and electrodes under environmental conditions that are relevant to medical and bioelectronic technologies: storage in ambient atmosphere (shelf-life), submersion in saline (akin to the in vivo environment), and storage in a desiccator (low-humidity). Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of the MXene deposition method and thickness on the film stability in the different conditions, we compare thin (25 nm), and thick (1.0 μm) films and electrodes fabricated via spray-coating and blade-coating. Our findings indicate that film processing method and thickness play a significant role in determining the long-term performance of Ti3C2T
x
films and electrodes, with highly aligned, thick films from blade coating remarkably retaining their conductivity, electrochemical impedance, and morphological integrity even after 30 d in saline. Our extensive spectroscopic analysis reveals that the degradation of Ti3C2T
x
films in high-humidity environments is primarily driven by moisture intercalation, ingress, and film delamination, with evidence of only minimal to moderate oxidation.
Effect of nano clay and PCE on the buildability of ultra-fine dredged sand-based 3D printing materials
Authors: Wang Fei , Hua Sudong , Chen Tingzhu , He Bijuan , Feng Guiyang , Li Siqi
Published: June 2023

The use of ultra-fine dredged sand instead of natural sand in construction 3D printing materials can significantly reduce the cost. However, ultra-fine dredged sand has fine particles and high angular morphology, which can hinder the buildability and continuous printability of construction 3D printing materials. The addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) can effectively solve this problem. Considering that the change of PCE (content of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%) content has a great influence on the printing performance of mortar, in order to make up for this deficiency, nano clay (content of 0,1%) is added to the mortar. The experimental results showed that the addition of nano clay can significantly reduce the negative effects of PCE on the yield stress and apparent viscosity of 3D printing materials (3DPM). When the content of PCE is 0.2%, the addition of 1% NAC could increase the static yield stress and viscosity growth rate of 3DPM by 111.8% and 115.3% respectively. In addition, unconfined compressive strength test, isothermal calorimetry, Mercury invasion porosity method and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the hardening properties of 3DPM. The results of heat of hydration showed that the addition of nano clay reduced the hydration exothermic peak of 3DPM, but increased the total heat release. The results of pore structure analysis showed that the addition of nano clay reduced the macropore (>1000 nm) of 3DPM from 19.31% to 18.82%. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of nano clay increased the hydration products. Therefore, the compressive strength of 3DPM was kept within an acceptable range. Finally, the laboratory’s printing results indicated that the 3DPM can print up to 20 layers continuously.
Highly conductive laser-induced graphene through the deposition of liquid metal particles for flexible electronics
Authors: Tetik Halil , Markgraf Emmy , Kato Kohya , Chan Valerie N , Malakooti Mohammad H
Published: June 2023

The rapid and simple fabrication process of laser-induced graphene (LIG) has enabled the creation of flexible sensors for emerging applications such as wearable electronics and intelligent systems. Although LIG can be designed to be a sensitive strain sensor due to the large change in its resistance under deformation, this property can also limit its use as a printed conductor on flexible substrates. Here, we present a versatile technique to enhance the electrical conductivity and resistive heating ability of LIG for use as flexible conductors in printed electronics. The highly conductive traces are prepared by direct writing of LIG onto a polyimide film using a CO2 laser, upon which the functionalized liquid metal (LM)—eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn)—particles are deposited and activated. This results in a ∼400 times increase in electrical conductivity of LIG traces while maintaining mechanical flexibility and manufacturing scalability without the need for soldering. Electromechanical characterization of the LIG-LM traces shows low resistance change (less than 0.3 Ω) under large bending deformations. At the same time, the enhanced electrical conductivity contributes to the resistive heating performance as it reduces the input voltage requirement by ∼15 times to achieve similar surface temperatures compared to pure LIG traces. By combining EGaIn LM with laser-synthesized graphene, we can fabricate flexible hybrid electronics. We demonstrate the practicality of this technique by fabrication of flexible conductors and heating devices with highly customizable patterns.
Bridging the gap: the influence of information and education on acceptance of environmental taxes in Switzerland
Authors: Ruprecht Sophie
Published: June 2023

Mitigating climate change remains a challenge for politics since efficient instruments such as environmental taxes are widely unpopular, with one determinant of objection being a lack of knowledge. Trying to increase environmental tax acceptance, previous studies found positive, negative as well as no effects of information treatments about environmental taxes. Contributing to this inconclusive research, I apply MOSAiCH 2020 panel data from Switzerland, calculating the causal effect of receiving an environmental tax information treatment on willingness to pay them. While the information effect was inconsistent for the full sample, information significantly increases green tax acceptance of less educated people. This subgroup effect hence offers an explanation for previous inconsistencies by showing that information does not affect everyone equally. Especially for less educated people, receiving information about the functioning of environmental taxes might therefore prove crucial for policymakers to gain majority support of environmental taxes necessary for their implementation.
Eigenfunctions of Transfer Operators and Automorphic Forms for Hecke Triangle Groups of Infinite Covolume
Authors: Bruggeman Roelof , Pohl Anke
Published: June 2023

We develop cohomological interpretations for several types of automorphic forms for Hecke triangle groups of infinite covolume. We then use these interpretations to establish explicit isomorphisms between spaces of automorphic forms, cohomology spaces and spaces of eigenfunctions of transfer operators. These results show a deep relation between spectral entities of Hecke surfaces of infinite volume and the dynamics of their geodesic flows.
Automorphism Orbits and Element Orders in Finite Groups: Almost-Solubility and the Monster
Authors: Bors Alexander , Giudici Michael , Praeger Cheryl
Published: June 2023

For a finite group

G
G

, we denote by

ω
(
G
)

\omega (G)

the number of

A
u
t
(
G
)

Aut(G)

-orbits on

G
G

, and by

o
(
G
)

o(G)

the number of distinct element orders in

G
G

. In this paper, we are primarily concerned with the two quantities

d

(
G
)
≔
ω
(
G
)
−
o
(
G
)

\mathfrak {d}(G)≔\omega (G)-o(G)

and

q

(
G
)
≔
ω
(
G
)

/

o
(
G
)

\mathfrak {q}(G)≔\omega (G)/o(G)

, each of which may be viewed as a measure for how far

G
G

is from being an AT-group in the sense of Zhang (that is, a group with

ω
(
G
)
=
o
(
G
)

\omega (G)=o(G)

). We show that the index

|

G
:
R
a
d
(
G
)

|

|G:Rad(G)|

of the soluble radical

R
a
d
(
G
)

Rad(G)

of

G
G

can be bounded from above both by a function in

d

(
G
)

\mathfrak {d}(G)

and by a function in

q

(
G
)

\mathfrak {q}(G)

and

o
(
R
a
d
(
G
)
)

o(Rad(G))

. We also obtain a curious quantitative characterisation of the Fischer-Griess Monster group

M
M

.
Ramsey monoids
Authors: Agostini Claudio , Colla Eugenio
Published: June 2023

Recently, Solecki [Forum Math. Sigma 7 (2019), p. 40] introduced the notion of Ramsey monoid to produce a common generalization to theorems such as Hindman’s theorem, Carlson’s theorem, and Gowers’

F
I

N
k

FIN_k

theorem. He proved that an entire class of finite monoids is Ramsey. Here we improve this result, enlarging this class and finding a simple algebraic characterization of finite Ramsey monoids. We extend in a similar way a result of Solecki regarding a second class of monoids connected to the Furstenberg-Katznelson Ramsey theorem. The results obtained suggest a possible connection with Schützenberger’s theorem and finite automata theory.
On signs of Fourier coefficients of Hecke-Maass cusp forms on 𝐺𝐿₃
Authors: Jääsaari Jesse
Published: June 2023

We consider sign changes of Fourier coefficients of Hecke-Maass cusp forms for the group

S
L

3

(

Z

)

\mathrm {SL}_3(\mathbb Z)

. When the underlying form is self-dual, we show that there are

≫
ε

X

5

/

6
−
ε

\gg _\varepsilon X^{5/6-\varepsilon }

sign changes among the coefficients

{
A
(
m
,
1
)

}

m
≤
X

\{A(m,1)\}_{m\leq X}

and that there is a positive proportion of sign changes for many self-dual forms. Similar result concerning the positive proportion of sign changes also hold for the real-valued coefficients

A
(
m
,
m
)

A(m,m)

for generic

G
L

3

\mathrm {GL}_3

cusp forms, a result which is based on a new effective Sato-Tate type theorem for a family of

G
L

3

\mathrm {GL}_3

cusp forms we establish. In addition, non-vanishing of the Fourier coefficients is studied under the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture.
The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum supports mitochondrial biogenesis by buffering nonimported proteins
Authors: Knöringer Katharina , Groh Carina , Krämer Lena , Stein Kevin C. , Hansen Katja G. , Zimmermann Jannik , Morgan Bruce , Herrmann Johannes M. , Frydman Judith , Boos Felix
Published: June 2023

Upon inhibition of mitochondrial protein import, yeast cells activate the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). Mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the ER under these conditions. The UPR-ER is important for cellular fitness upon mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as when metabolic stimuli increase the synthesis of mitochondrial precursor proteins.
Prolegomena to Any Future Indigenous History of the Ancient World
Authors: LaBuff Jeremy
Published: June 2023

The usual way of talking about indigenous peoples in antiquity is to assume analogies between any peoples who were not hegemonic or imperial and the modern victims of European settler colonialism. The merits of such comparison are less often considered, and almost never from the perspective of the population described as “indigenous.” The aim of this article is to define and apply the term more carefully as a concept for premodern historians. A series of case studies from Hellenistic Anatolia illustrate how a casual use of “indigenous” leads to serious misunderstandings of imperial and colonial dynamics and indigenous self-understandings that can be rectified only by a theoretically grounded and transhistorical understanding of indigeneity. Such an approach forces us to examine the logic behind power relations and imbalances, leading to more fruitful comparison with the more familiar colonialism of the modern period.
An integrated deep learning framework for the interpretation of untargeted metabolomics data
Authors: Tian Leqi , Yu Tianwei
Published: June 2023

Untargeted metabolomics is gaining widespread applications. The key aspects of the data analysis include modeling complex activities of the metabolic network, selecting metabolites associated with clinical outcome and finding critical metabolic pathways to reveal biological mechanisms. One of the key roadblocks in data analysis is not well-addressed, which is the problem of matching uncertainty between data features and known metabolites. Given the limitations of the experimental technology, the identities of data features cannot be directly revealed in the data. The predominant approach for mapping features to metabolites is to match the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of data features to those derived from theoretical values of known metabolites. The relationship between features and metabolites is not one-to-one since some metabolites share molecular composition, and various adduct ions can be derived from the same metabolite. This matching uncertainty causes unreliable metabolite selection and functional analysis results. Here we introduce an integrated deep learning framework for metabolomics data that take matching uncertainty into consideration. The model is devised with a gradual sparsification neural network based on the known metabolic network and the annotation relationship between features and metabolites. This architecture characterizes metabolomics data and reflects the modular structure of biological system. Three goals can be achieved simultaneously without requiring much complex inference and additional assumptions: (1) evaluate metabolite importance, (2) infer feature-metabolite matching likelihood and (3) select disease sub-networks. When applied to a COVID metabolomics dataset and an aging mouse brain dataset, our method found metabolic sub-networks that were easily interpretable.
Athena: Specialty Certificate Examination case for general dermatology and dermatology in primary healthcare
Authors: Borg Luca , Mintoff Dillon , Boffa Michael J
Published: June 2023

A 75-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic with a 6-month history of painful oral erosions. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed two intact tense bullae at the right retromolar trigone, the features of which were accentuated by white light illumination using a dermoscope. We discuss further assays, diagnosis and treatment.
Preoperative planning for transaortic septal myectomy using cardiac computed tomography in patients with subaortic septal hypertrophy associated with aortic stenosis: case series
Authors: Shimahara Yusuke , Honda Sayaka , Fujiyoshi Toshiki , Kamiya Kentaro , Nakano Yu , Komatsu Ikki , Yamashita Jun , Ogino Hitoshi
Published: June 2023

Background

Electrocardiogram-gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) imaging enables a more accurate understanding of the patient’s cardiac anatomy. Preoperative planning for transaortic septal myectomy (TASM), based on cardiac CT, may be useful in patients with subaortic septal hypertrophy associated with severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Case summary

Two elderly patients (age >80 years) with subaortic septal hypertrophy associated with AS underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and concomitant TASM after preoperative planning based on cardiac CT. Both patients showed subaortic septal hypertrophy with blood flow acceleration, left ventricular (LV) hypercontractility, and a short distance from the coaptation point of the mitral valve to the septum, resulting in possible dynamic LV outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction after resolution of AS. Optimal mid-diastolic images, selected from the 70–80% phase, were used for preoperative TASM planning. Planned sizes for myectomy based on multi-planar reconstruction were 10 × 26 × 9 mm (width × length × depth) and 10 × 25 × 9 mm for patient 1 and 2, respectively, while resected tissue size was 10 × 24 × 8 mm and 9 × 24 × 8 mm in patient 1 and 2, respectively. After TASM procedure, SAVR was performed with bioprosthetic valve. Postoperative course of both patients was uneventful with no evidence of complete atrioventricular block, septal perforation, or blood flow acceleration at the LVOT.

Discussion

Preoperative planning based on cardiac CT images is safe and useful for guiding adequate myectomy and preventing associated complications in patients with subaortic septal hypertrophy associated with AS.
The eroticization of sleep in the poetry of John Keats
Authors: Roberts Merrilees
Published: June 2023

I contend that in Keats’ poetry, sleep-states (rather than dreams) become a site of erotic intensity and power-play. Contemporary scientific literature such as Robert Gray’s The Theory of Dreams suggested that in sleep, ‘the senses, though capable of being aroused, are closed in insensibility’. I draw upon this thinking to show that through depictions of sleep, Keats creates a paradoxical, knowing eroticism where the senses are aroused even though the will is suspended. It is not that the continuum between dreaming and waking is eroticised, but that sleep becomes a highly controlled private space that is insistently open to sensory suggestion. By focusing on sleep as an embodied sensory experience, I show how in Keats’s work the uncoupling of agency and feeling creates an eroticism which tests the lines between surrender and consent, will and desire. Taking a new angle on what Byron considered to be a tendency towards euphemistic prurience in Keats’s writing, this essay also proposes that Keats’s interest in the erotic vulnerability of bodies to one another creates a negative capability, and an ethics, highly sensitised to the way the boundaries between self and world are maintained.
A2AR-mediated lymphangiogenesis via VEGFR2 signaling prevents salt-sensitive hypertension
Authors: Zhuang Tao , Lei Yu , Chang Jin-Jia , Zhou Yan-Ping , Li Yan , Li Yan-Xiu , Yang Yong-Feng , Chen Mei-Hua , Meng Ting , Fu Shi-Man , Huang Li-Hao , Cheang Wai-San , Cooke John P , Dong Zhi-Hui , Bai Ying-Nan , Ruan Cheng-Chao
Published: June 2023

Aims

Excess dietary sodium intake and retention lead to hypertension. Impaired dermal lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic dysfunction–mediated sodium and fluid imbalance are pathological mechanisms. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), while the roles and mechanisms of LEC–A2AR in skin lymphangiogenesis during salt-induced hypertension are not clear.

Methods and results

The expression of LEC–A2AR correlated with lymphatic vessel density in both high-salt diet (HSD)–induced hypertensive mice and hypertensive patients. Lymphatic endothelial cell–specific A2AR knockout mice fed HSD exhibited 17 ± 2% increase in blood pressure and 17 ± 3% increase in Na+ content associated with decreased lymphatic density (−19 ± 2%) compared with HSD-WT mice. A2AR activation by agonist CGS21680 increased lymphatic capillary density and decreased blood pressure in HSD-WT mice. Furthermore, this A2AR agonist activated MSK1 directly to promote VEGFR2 activation and endocytosis independently of VEGF as assessed by phosphoprotein profiling and immunoprecipitation assays in LECs. VEGFR2 kinase activity inhibitor fruquintinib or VEGFR2 knockout in LECs but not VEGF-neutralizing antibody bevacizumab suppressed A2AR activation–mediated decrease in blood pressure. Immunostaining revealed phosphorylated VEGFR2 and MSK1 expression in the LECs were positively correlated with skin lymphatic vessel density and A2AR level in hypertensive patients.

Conclusion

The study highlights a novel A2AR-mediated VEGF-independent activation of VEGFR2 signaling in dermal lymphangiogenesis and sodium balance, which might be a potential therapeutic target in salt-sensitive hypertension.