bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Fillers on Physico-Mechanical Properties of POM Based Hybrid Composites
Authors: Krishna Krishna , Suresha Bheemappa , Somashekar H.M.
Published: November 2019

Silicone (SC) and polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM) composites have been fabricated by melt mixing followed by injection moulding. Physical and mechanical properties of SC and SC+PTFE/POM composites have been investigated as per ASTM standards. The dispersion of fillers in POM was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects indicated that the hardness of the POM matrix decreases with increasing the SC content and slight increase in hardness was found in SC+PTFE/POM. The mechanical performance of the composites are investigated by means of a well known universal testing machine and notched Charpy impact tester. The POM with 10 wt. % of SC binary composite reveals good mechanical properties. The tensile and flexural properties of SC+PTFE/POM hybrid composites are higher than that of 20 and 30 wt. % SC reinforced POM binary composites. Further, these mechanical strength and impact toughness are established on the kind as nicely as filler loading over the full range of the study. The uniform dispersion of the filler in the POM matrix is obtained from SEM micrographs. Furthermore, SEM was used to identify the fractographic points of the tensile fractured POM based composites.
Effect of Drilling Conditions on Microwave-Metal Discharge during Microwave Drilling of Stainless Steel
Authors: Singh Anurag , Sharma Apurbba Kumar
Published: November 2019

Processing of metallic materials using microwave energy offer benefits of time compression and energy saving during applications such as sintering, casting, melting, joining and cladding. However, use of microwave energy is uncommon for machining of metallic materials because of high reflectivity. The present work aims to study microwave-metal (MW-m) discharge-induced plasma channel (PC) characteristics during microwave drilling of thin stainless steel (SS) sheet (0.6 mm) at 2.45 GHz. Experimental trials inside two different microwave applicators A1 and A2 were monitored and recorded. The images of the plasma channel generated in both the microwave applicators were obtained at different time intervals to analyze the plasma channel diameter (PCD). Experimental results revealed that variation in the microwave power significantly affects the dimension of plasma channel generated in the tool-work gap and heat affected zone (HAZ) formed around the drilling zone. Reduction in microwave drilling time of approximately 80% was observed at 3 kW power compared to drilling time at 0.7 kW power. The HAZ observed in the samples drilled at 0.7 kW was significantly higher than the HAZ observed at 3 kW owing to higher drilling time of samples at 0.7 kW.
Effect of Process Parameters on Depth of Penetration & Surface Roughness in Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Copper
Authors: Kashyap Keshav , Srinivas S.
Published: November 2019

This study evaluates the effect of process parameters on depth of penetration and surface roughness in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting of copper. Full factorial experiments are carried out on trapezoidal blocks for each of the three abrasive particle sizes used. Experimental parameters - abrasive mass flow rate, water jet pressure and traverse speed are varied at three levels. Main effects and contributions of process parameters to depth of penetration and surface roughness is calculated. From the data, it is observed that, high abrasive mass flow rate, high water jet pressure and low traverse speed resulted in higher depth of penetration and a high abrasive mass flow rate, high water jet pressure and low traverse speed resulted in lesser Ra value. Using experimental data a statistical model for predicting depth of penetration & surface roughness is developed. Error between experimental and statistical values are compared to validate the statistical model. The maximum DOP of 49.32mm was observed at AMFR=405.4 g/min, P=300 MPa, TS=60 mm/min, MS=60 Mesh and minimum DOP of 4.27mm was observed at AMFR=200 g/min, P=100 MPa, TS=90 mm/min, MS=80 Mesh.
Prediction of Surface Roughness and Coefficient of Friction Using Artificial Neural Network in Tribotesting of Bio-Lubricants
Authors: Bharadwaj Prasanna Vineeth , Jeevan T.P. , Suvin P.S. , Jayaram S.R.
Published: November 2019

Tribotesting is necessary to understand the behaviour of the material under various operating lubrication conditions. This paper deals with the training of an artificial neural network (ANN) model with Bio-lubricant properties and machining conditions for prediction of surface roughness and coefficient of friction in Tribotesting by Tool chip Tribometer. Experimental results obtained from Tool chip tribometer for tested bio-lubricants are compared with those obtained by ANN prediction. A good agreement in results recommends that a well trained neural network is competent enough to predict the parameters in Tribotesting process.
Analytical Study of Roughness on Tilted Pad Thrust Slider Bearing Improved by the Boundary Slippage
Authors: Kalavathi G.K. , Somashekhar M. , Vasundhara M.G. , Yogesha K.K.
Published: November 2019

Influence of roughness on conventional hydrodynamic lubrication of tilted pad thrust slider bearing is studied. Roughness effect is studied using Christensen stochastic process. To study the effect of roughness, bearing characteristics like load carrying capacity is analyzed.
Investigation on Effect of Cryogenic Temperature on Mechanical Behavior of Jute and Hemp Fibers Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Vinod B. , Sudev L.J.
Published: November 2019

In past few decades, natural fibers which are viable and abundant in nature are the emerging trends in material science as reinforcement for polymer matrix materials and they are the commute for the non-biodegradable, non-renewable and high-density synthetic fibers. Plant-based fibers such as banana, hemp, kenaf, PALF, jute, and coir has been used as reinforcement in a polymer matrix for the applications in consumer goods, furniture’s, civil and automotive structures and low-cost housing structures. The natural fibers used in this study are Hemp and Jute fibers which are finding increasing in the composite material as reinforcements. The main objective of the current work is to examine the mechanical properties of hybrid fibers (hemp and jute) reinforced epoxy composites under room temperature and at cryogenic temperature. From this study, it is clear that tensile, flexural and impact properties of polymer composites are greatly influenced by cryogenic temperature and its properties vary with respect to the extent of cryogenic treatment. The specimens are immersed in liquid nitrogen for the duration of 15, 30, 45 and 60mins and later it is subjected for tensile, flexural and impact properties. The maximum tensile strength of 21.13MPa, flexural strength of 51.95MPa and Impact strength of 8.935kJ/m2 is obtained for an untreated specimen and its value start to decrease as curing time increases. At cryogenic temperature, the material comes harder and loses its ductile property and become brittle due differ in thermal expansion coefficient of matrix and fiber material
Speech and Safety in Tracheostomy Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Boisen Sarah , Mathews Shifali , Brenner Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To synthesize evidence of the safety and effectiveness of phonation in patients with fenestrated tracheostomy tubes.

Methods

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched. The research question was, “Are fenestrated tracheostomy tubes a safe and effective option to facilitate early phonation in patients undergoing tracheostomy?” Studies of fenestrated tracheostomy tubes were assessed for risk of bias and quality of evidence. Data were abstracted, cross-checked for accuracy, and synthesized.

Results

Of the 160 studies identified, 13 met inclusion criteria, including 6 clinical studies (104 patients), 6 case reports (13 patients), and 1 nationwide clinician survey. The primary indications for a tracheostomy were chronic ventilator dependence (83%) and airway protection (17%). Indications for fenestrated tracheostomy included inaudible phonation and poor voice intelligibility. Patients with fenestrated tubes achieved robust voice outcomes. Complications included granulation tissue (6 patients [5%]), malpositioning (1 patient [0.9%]), decreased oxygen saturation (3 patients [2.6%]), increased blood pressure (1 patient [0.9%]), increased peak pressures (2 patients [1.7%]), and air leakage (1 patient [0.9%]); subcutaneous emphysema also occurred frequently. Patient-reported symptoms included shortness of breath (4 patients [3.4%]), anxiety (3 patients [2.6%]), and chest discomfort (1 patient [0.9%]).

Conclusions

Fenestrated devices afford benefits for speech and decannulation but carry risks of granulation, aberrant airflow, and acclimation challenges. Findings highlight the need for continued innovation, education, and quality improvement around the use of fenestrated devices.
Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Isavuconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring during Intestinal Graft versus Host Disease
Authors: Andreani Giacomo , Fadda Gianluca , Gned Dario , Dragani Matteo , Cavallo Giovanni , Monticone Valentina , Morotti Alessandro , De Gobbi Marco , Guerrasio Angelo , D'Avolio Antonio , Cilloni Daniela
Published: November 2019

A  diagnosis of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis was made in a 59-year-old man with a secondary acute myeloid leukemia a few days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Prompt treatment with combined antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole) followed by a procedure of endoscopic sinus surgery resulted in the resolution of the infection. Therapeutic drug monitoring of isavuconazole was performed during the year of treatment showing an increment of plasma concentrations in correspondence with the improvement of intestinal GvHD, thus suggesting that in this or similar conditions TDM for isavuconazole can be of value.

A literature review of cases of rhino-orbital-cerebral and rhino-cerebral mucormycosis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients was performed.
Breast abnormalities in adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Dunlop Jackie L. , Slemming Wiedaad , Schnippel Kathryn , Makura Caroline , Levin Leon J. , Rayne Sarah , Vujovic Marnie , Firnhaber Cynthia
Published: November 2019

Background: Antiretrovirals, particularly efavirenz (EFV), have been shown to cause breast abnormalities in adults. Little is known about the prevalence of these adverse effects among adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Objectives: The aim of this article was to examine the extent of breast abnormalities in adolescents receiving ART and determine any clinical associations.Methods: A retrospective record review describing breast conditions in adolescents receiving ART at three facilities in Johannesburg was conducted. Patients aged 10–19 years, who presented from January to December 2014, were included in the study. Analyses were conducted to determine whether EFV was associated with increased breast conditions.Results: Of the 631 patient records reviewed, 37 (6%) had an abnormal breast event documented; with 24/37 (65%) being male patients. Patients with abnormal breast conditions were 1.5 years older than patients with normal breast development (p 0.0005). Forty-one abnormal breast events were observed in 37 patients, with 20 described as gynaecomastia or lipomastia (49%). Of the 37 patients, 44% (n = 19) had concurrent generalised lipodystrophy. Of those with an abnormal breast event, 71% of patients had CD4 counts 500 cells/µL and were virologically suppressed (n = 29). Those on EFV had a significantly higher prevalence of breast abnormalities compared to other regimens (p = 0.016).Conclusion: Of the studied patients, 6% had an abnormal breast condition. The use of EFV and increased age were associated with breast abnormalities in this population. Further research is needed to better understand the implications of this potential side effect.
Oral Ranitidine
Authors: Agarwal Pooja , Madke Bhushan , Bodar Priyanka
Published: November 2019

Background:

Molluscum contagiosum(MC) is one of the most common cutaneous viral infection observed in children. Though, it is benign and self-limiting, treatment is often sought for cosmetic reasons. Existing invasive therapeutic modalities are generally not well tolerated in children because of pain and risk of scarring. Immunomodulatory potential of cimetidine is well established. We thus extrapolated the same to ranitidine and conducted this study.

Aim:

To assess the efficacy of oral ranitidine in treatment of molluscum contagiosum in immunocompetent children.

Methods:

A multicentre longitudinal study was conducted in the dermatology departments of tertiary care hospitals in Ahmedabad and Wardha, India over a period of 4 months. 24 children with MC were included. Oral ranitidine was started in dose of 5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 8 weeks. Follow up was done very 15 days and changes in number and size of lesions were noted.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 5.08 years. 19 patients completed the study. 15 patients had improvement in the lesions at the end of 8 weeks while 4 patients did not show any improvement. Complete clearance was seen in 14 patients(73.6%) and 1 patient had decrease in size of the lesions without change in the number. Mean duration of complete clearance of lesion was 6.5 weeks.

Conclusion:

Oral ranitidine may be considered as a safe and effective alternative therapeutic option in widespread MC in immunocompetent children where invasive painful procedures are less desirable.
Poor Activities of Daily Living Function Reflect Poor Quality of Life after Hip Fracture Surgery for Geriatric Patients
Authors: Chang Wei-Ting , Kuo Yi-Jie , Huang Yu-Yun , Tsai Ming-Jr , Chen Yu-Pin
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

With the aging of the population, hip fractures have become a major public health issue in the elderly. It is important to examine the loss of activities of daily living (ADL) and the quality of life (QoL) among the elderly after repair of hip fracture. The correlation between ADL and QoL over time after hip fracture surgery was also our major concern.

Methods:

A prospective study enrolling 117 geriatric patients undergoing hip fracture surgery in a tertiary medical center was conducted between 2017 and 2018. All participants were evaluated with the EuroQol-5D for assessing QoL and the Barthel index for measuring ADL function at baseline, 3-and 6-month follow-ups after hip fracture surgery. Results: The mortality rate among geriatric patients after hip fracture surgery was 5.5% at 3 months and 9.1% at 6 months. In addition, both ADL function and QoL significantly deteriorated after 6 months of follow-up without improvement with time. After the 6-month follow-up, only 20% of geriatric patients undergoing repair for hip fracture were able to recover baseline ADL. The QoL at the 6-month follow-up was correlated with both cross-sectional and longitudinal ADL function after repair for hip fracture among geriatric patients.

Conclusion:

Functional impairment is common among geriatric patients after hip fracture surgery. Poor ADL could predict and reflect poor QoL after the 6-month follow-up. More emphasis should be put on preventing functional loss after hip fracture surgery in order for better QoL among geriatric patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Nature Walk Decrease the Depression by Instigating Positive Mood
Authors: Goyal Atul Kumar , Bansal Arun , Saini Jyoti
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Depression the most common psychological problem prevails across the world. To deal with depression, psychotropic drugs are generally prescribed by the clinicians which have enormous side-effects. Nature walk refers to a walk in the natural area containing wild flora and fauna, undisturbed by the anthropogenic means. The nature walk is considered as a live meditation which imparts mental peace in the walkers. But limited evidence is availed till date reporting the role of a nature walk in instigating positive mood. Therefore, present work was carried out to evaluate the potential role of a nature walk in decreasing depression by instigating the positive mood.

Methods:

For this, a nature walk was organized for 20 participants in Chhatbir Zoo, Chandigarh. The mood of participants was assessed by using the BMIS instrument.

Results:

Results of the present study revealed that nature walks significantly instigate the positive mood.

Conclusion:

Based on our results, we suggest that nature walk can be used as an intervention to manage depression.
Weight Stigma, Coping Strategies, and Mental Health Among Children with Overweight
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Obesity/overweight (hereafter, overweight indicates both obesity and overweight) is an important health issue that is gaining growing interest worldwide. One health issue for children with overweight is stigma. The aims of this study were (1) to detect the impact of stigma on mental health and (2) to probe the effects of positive and negative coping on the mental health of children with overweight.

Methods:

The author conducted a secondary data analysis using two waves of data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS): the first wave in 2001 and the second wave in 2003. A group of junior high school students (in the 7th grade in the first wave; n = 2612; n
male = 1171) was used for data analysis. Items in the TEPS were categorized into the following five variables: mental health (nine items), stigma from peers (three items in relationship with peers and four items in bullying experience), stigma from parents (four items), positive coping strategies (six items in increasing social activities and two items in increasing self-study activities), and negative coping strategies (five items).

Results:

The overweight group experienced more peer stigma than the normal-weight group. Bullying experience, stigma from parents, and self-study activities were significantly correlated to mental health in both groups. The overweight group demonstrated stronger negative relationships between bullying events, negative strategies, and mental health than the normal-weight group; a weaker negative relationship was shown between stigma from parents and mental health.

Conclusion:

Stigma and negative strategies could endanger mental health among children with overweight.
Child–Parent Agreement on Quality of Life of Overweight Children
Authors: Fung Xavier C. C.
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Kid-KINDL, a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for children, contains paralleled child-reported and parent–proxy versions. However, parents may rate HRQoL differently from children do; thus, health-care providers may be misled by the parent-rated HRQoL to assess the health of children. Thus, understanding the agreement between parent- and child-rated HRQoL is important. This study aimed to investigate the agreement between child- and parent-rated Kid-KINDL, including total score and domain (physical, emotional, self-esteem, friend, family, and school) scores.

Methods:

A total of 96 dyads of 8 to 12-year-old overweight children were recruited. Child-reported and parent–proxy Kid-KINDL were completed by children and parents (70.8% mother; 19.8% father), respectively. Statistical significance of child–parent discrepancies was analyzed using paired t-test and magnitude of discrepancies was analyzed using Cohen's d. Regression analyses were used to examine the potential predictors (age, gender, body mass index, family income, and raters) on score differences.

Results:

Significant differences were found in total score (d = −0.26) and three subscales (emotional, d = 0.21; self-esteem, d = −0.33; and school, d = −0.56) with small-to-medium magnitudes. Regression analyses revealed that father as rater significantly explained the score differences in total (standard coefficient β = −0.266,P = 0.013), emotional (β = −0.224,P = 0.038), and school (β = −0.215, P = 0.045).

Conclusion:

Parents seemed to be optimistic when rating on their overweight children's HRQoL. Health-care providers should be aware of this issue when using parent-reported Kid-KINDL and do not miss out any risk on children's HRQoL. Furthermore, the results may suggest health-care providers improving child–parent interaction. They can not only align parent with child, but also align with every caregiver.
Mediating Effect of Spiritual Coping Strategies on Caregiving Burden and Mental Health in Caregivers of Iranian Patients with Dementia
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Chen Hui
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Dementia is a common cognitive disorder among elderly people requiring special care. Family carers of people with dementia (PWD) may experience mental health issues. This study examined whether spiritual coping is a mediator between the physical function of the patients and mental health status or caregiving burden in their carers.

Methods:

The caregivers of the PWD (n = 513) were assessed by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Spiritual Coping Strategies (SCS) questionnaires at baseline and Zarit Burden Interview, Short Form-12 (SF-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires at 6 months. The proposed model to assess the mediating effect of SCS was: SCS subscales as mediators, PWD's IADL as an independent variable, and mental health components as dependent variables. Using PROCESS SPSS Macro, the indirect effects of patients' IADL score on mental health-related variables in the caregivers were examined.

Results:

There were significantly negative associations between IADL score and mental health components (r > 0.3). SCS scores were negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and caregiving burden (P < 0.001). Four models proposed to explain the indirect effects of spiritual coping on mental health variables revealed the spirituality as a significant mediator (0.28 ≤ R
2 ≤ 0.65; P < 0.001). The mediation effect of religious and nonreligious coping on mental health component in SF-12 was the highest (b = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 0.98], b = 1.20, 95% CI [0.63, 1.84], respectively).

Conclusion:

Spiritual coping may be a mediator between the physical functioning of the patients and carers' mental health status and caregiving burden in Iran. Thus, further investigation is needed to show how these mediators may affect the mental health status of the caregivers.
Mental Health and Its Sociodemographic Determinants among High School Students
Authors: Alijanzadeh Mehran
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Adolescence is one of the most important stages of human life, and there is a lot of evidence in the literature that psychiatric disorders can be transmitted through adolescence social interactions in high school. The present study aimed to assess mental health and its sociodemographic determinants among high school students in Iran.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 600 female high school students from Qazvin were selected using cluster sampling. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire was administrated to collect data. t-tests, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: Mental disorders were found in 60% of the students with 3.3% suffered from severe disorders. The participants' mean score of mental health was 29.31 ± 14.63. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression were presented in 36%, 49.7%, 50%, and 41.3% of the students, respectively. Students' mental health was significantly related with their father's education and household income. However, students' season of birth, school grade, body mass index, grade point average, mother's education, and father's occupation were not significantly related with their mental health.

Conclusion:

Poor mental health was found to be highly frequent among female students. Low income and father's low education level were identified as the risk factors of poor mental health among female students in Qazvin.
Lifestyle and Preventive Behaviors of Osteoporosis among Women of Reproductive Age in Qazvin-Iran
Authors: Yekefallah Leili , Dehghankar Leila , Aliakbari Mohaddeseh , Mafi Maryam
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Osteoporosis is a silent illness with many negative consequences that can decrease women's quality of life and daily life activities and even cause death. The aim of this study was to examine the lifestyle and preventive behaviors related to osteoporosis among women of reproductive age in Qazvin city, Iran.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 300 women (mean age = 30.75 ± 7.47 years) were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 15 questions on the patterns of nutrition, physical activity, and specific preventive behaviors related to osteoporosis and demographic factors was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square with Fisher's exact test and logistic regression model. Results: The study results showed that most women (73.3%) had a positive family history of osteoporosis and 65.3% of them consumed carbonated beverages at least twice a week. Furthermore, 46.7% of them used coffee twice a week. There was a statistically significant relationship between their age (P < 0.0001) and positive family history of osteoporosis (P = 0.05) with knowledge about osteoporosis. According to the logistic regression model, a statistically significant relationship was found between age and awareness of osteoporosis (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Women should be encouraged to change their lifestyle in order to prevent osteoporosis. Educational programs should be held, and educational posters should be installed in gathering areas in the city and health centers with regard to risk factors and preventive behaviors of osteoporosis among women of reproductive age.
Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storm Effects on GPS Ionospheric TEC over Ethiopia
Authors: Aragaw Msganaw , Gebiregiorgis Abraha , Tsegaye Kassa
Published: November 2019

Ionospheric GPS total electron content (TEC) is an important parameter to monitor for possible Space Weather impacts. The effects of solar activity on TEC at low latitude stations with geographic locations (latitude, longitude) of Addis Ababa (9.040 N, 38.770 E) and Bahir Dar (11.60 N, 37.360 E) in Ethiopia, East Africa in the year of 2015 around peak of solar cycle 24 has been carried out. The data from the two stations was used to study the diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of TEC and its dependence with solar activity and space weather effects. These observations were investigated and further discussed with an analysis of Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) and Ap indices, solar radio flux (F10.7cm) and sunspot number during the period of 2015. During the period of low or high sunspot number, that provided GPS ionospheric TEC builds up slowly or quickly. The obtained results reveal TEC undergoes diurnal and seasonal variations, daily variation of TEC value at both stations sharply increases to its peak from 0900 -1500 UT and decreases around 1600 - 0700 UT. Seasonal variations showed that TEC maximizes during the equinoctial months and least in summer over the two stations. In all seasons the maximum value of TEC in Addis Ababa is higher. The effects of geomagnetic storms on TEC values have been found negative and positive output.
MINERÍA DEL LITIO Y ACUMULACIÓN POR DESPOSESIÓN. EL CASO DE SALAR DEL HOMBRE MUERTO (1999-2016)
Authors: Gómez Lende Sebastián
Published: November 2019

Recentemente, a mineração do litio tornou-se indispensável para a reprodução do sistema capitalista contemporâneo. Peça chave do modelo (neo)extrativista vigente em América Latina, este uso do território não tem sido objeto da atenção e o interesse académico que merece respeito de sua relação com o ciclo de acumulação por desapropriação iniciado durante a década de 1990 e continuado até a actualidade. Tentando cobrir essa área de vacancia, este trabalho analisa o boom da actividade em Argentina entre 1999 e 2016, tomando como estudo de caso ao mais antigo e importante depósito do país: Salgar do Homem Morto. À luz das categorias e dimensões da acumulação por desapropiación propostas pela literatura, o artigo revela e explica as diversas dinâmicas de expropriação geográfica, económico-política e sócio-ecológica do modelo e seus correlatos de fragmentação sócio-territorial e pilhagem dos bens comuns locais.

Palavras-chave: mineração do litio; acumulação por desapropriação; Salgar do Homem Morto; Argentina, províncias de Catamarca e Salta.
CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA E MODULAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO: análise das Unidades de Conservação do Mosaico Sertão Veredas Peruaçu
Authors: Martins Geraldo Inácio , Junior João Cleps
Published: November 2019

Os objetivos e as estratégias subjacentes à criação e à implementação de Unidades de Conservação são múltiplos e envolvem, por exemplo, questões estritamente técnicas, como a preservação de uma espécie, e questões mais amplas como conservar parte de um bioma ou paisagem. Ao analisar a historicidade das Unidades de Conservação do Mosaico Sertão Veredas Peruaçu, Norte de Minas Gerais e Sul da Bahia, a intenção deste texto é mostrar outra faceta deste processo: a face iminentemente política e territorial da conservação da natureza. Trata-se de pensar as múltiplas determinações deste processo, e mais, responder a seguinte questão: quais elementos deram condições ou mesmo determinaram a criação das UCs que formam o MSVP? Com base na análise de fontes documentais e de documentos técnicos foi possível compreender as premissas subjacentes à demarcação das UCs, seus aspectos políticos e, sobretudo, destacar a lógica territorial cujas tessituras estão subjacentes conflitos, interesses e estratégias de controle do uso da natureza e sua diversidade biológica.
INDÚSTRIAS EM PEQUENAS CIDADES: OS CIRCUITOS ESPACIAIS DA PRODUÇÃO E OS CÍRCULOS DE COOPERAÇÃO: O CASO DA AGLOMERAÇÃO URBANA DE PIRACICABA-SP
Authors: Lovadini Mauricio
Published: November 2019

Este artigo objetiva analisar o significativo crescimento de instalações de indústrias em pequenas cidades, a partir do recorte espacial da aglomeração urbana de Piracicaba-SP. Tendo em vista a necessidade da reprodução combinada e desigual do capital, as pequenas cidades são cada vez mais requisitadas para abrigar unidades fabris. Dentro de um processo histórico de reestruturações das grandes corporações, novas formas de produção foram se estabelecendo, mesclando gradualmente o modelo fordista para uma produção flexível. No que tange o território paulista, região considerada como um múltiplo complexo industrial territorial, as reestruturações aumentaram significativamente, dando início a uma relativa desconcentração industrial intrincada em uma rede urbana composta por circuitos espaciais da produção e círculos de cooperação, no qual as cidades médias e, mais recentemente, as pequenas, passaram a atrair unidades produtivas dos mais diversos setores. Nesse contexto, o governo do Estado de São Paulo, a partir de critérios políticos administrativos, estabeleceu as aglomerações urbanas, visando uma melhor gestão do território. O recorte espacial é o aglomerado urbano de Piracicaba composto por 22 cidades, no qual 17 delas são consideradas pequenas cidades.
GEOVISUALIZAÇÃO DE MAPAS HISTÓRICOS
Authors: Castro José Flávio Morais
Published: November 2019

A geovisualização de mapas históricos envolve um conjunto de técnicas cartográficas e computacionais para representar a informação espacial pretérita. Este trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar uma técnica alternativa de geovisualização de mapa histórico em ambientes WEBGIS e Google Earth. Pretende-se também apresentar de forma sucinta, resultados parciais da metodologia de georreferenciamento de mapas históricos que vem sendo desenvolvida na Linha de Pesquisa em Cartografia Histórica e Geoprocessamento do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia - Tratamento da Informação Espacial da PUC Minas nos últimos anos. Esta pesquisa aplica métodos da Comunicação Cartográfica (Semiologia Gráfica) e da Visualização Cartográfica no processo de Geovisualização de mapas históricos, especialmente mapas do Brasil dos séculos XVIII e XIX, em ambientes WEBGIS e Google Earth. Assim, após o georreferenciamento do mapa histórico em ARC GIS®, o tratamento foi realizado por meio da superposição em imagens de satélites georreferenciadas, como o Google Earth Pro.

Palavras-chave: Geovisualização; cartografia histórica; mapa histórico; semiologia gráfica: geoprocessamento.
A ASSOCIAÇÃO EXTERNA COMO FORMA DE INTEGRAÇÃO DOS PRESÍDIOS ÀS REDES EXTERNAS DO TRÁFICO: A PERCEPÇÃO DOS AGENTES TERRITORIAIS DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Reis Netto Roberto Magno , Chagas Clay Anderson Nunes
Published: November 2019

RESUMO: O presente estudo buscou compreender a percepção de atores territoriais da segurança pública do Estado do Pará a respeito do estabelecimento e manutenção de redes e relações junto a agentes sintagmáticos públicos ou privados externos ao cárcere como forma de integração dos presídios às redes territoriais externas do tráfico de drogas. Baseando-se no método hermenêutico e dialético e sob uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, o mesmo se valeu das técnicas de coleta de dados por entrevistas direcionadas a agentes territoriais da segurança no Estado do Pará, seguida de uma análise de conteúdo das falas. Como resultados, identificou-se a utilização da associação à agentes territoriais em liberdade como uma das estratégias de integração do cárcere às redes externas do tráfico, tornando verissímeis, em muito, postulados da literatura. Foram também identificadas informações divergentes da literatura previamente consultada e, principalmente, dados sem referência preliminar um possível envolvimento entre tráfico e milícias no Pará, a vedação à ocorrência de crimes como forma atualmente predominante de relação com as comunidades, causas da presença de favelas no entorno dos presídios e a possibilidade de existência de conivências políticas com as organizações em estudo.
OS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS CONTEMPORÂNEOS E AS ESCALAS DE AÇÃO: DA GEOPOLÍTICA AO MUNDO VIVIDO
Authors: Marques Ana Carolina de Oliveira , Felício Chaveiro Eguimar , Batista Rodrigues da Silva Rusvênia Luiza
Published: November 2019

Desde a dimensão miúda e rente das práticas do sujeito até às dimensões geopolíticas, incluindo o entrecruzamento das escalas, os Movimentos sociais agem no espaço, são condicionados por ele, desenvolvem práticas espaciais, dão o sentido de suas lutas, lutam por espaços. Propõe-se, a partir deste artigo, contribuir à reflexão dos movimentos sociais como atores territoriais, cuja intervenção não se encerra no campo macropolítico. Este texto corresponde a um fragmento da tese de doutorado intitulada “Cartografia das Moradias em Canudos: a dimensão política do morar”, logo deriva de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada junto a assentados de reforma agrária. Na tese, também os acampamentos compuseram o objeto de estudo, daí a experiência da ocupação de um latifúndio no interior de Goiás (município de Corumbá) como ponto de partida das reflexões suscitadas ao longo deste texto.
IMPACTOS DO GEOTURISMO NOS ATRATIVOS NATURAIS DAS ÁGUAS DO POLO TURÍSTICO DAS ÁGUAS DE SÃO LOURENÇO, MT.
Authors: GODOY Laís Paciência , CONCEIÇÃO Fabiano Tomazini da , GODOY Antonio Misson , ARAÚJO Larissa Marques Barbosa de
Published: November 2019

As águas termais do Polo Turístico das Águas de São Lourenço ocorrem nos municípios de São Vicente, Juscimeira e Jaciara, sudeste do Estado do Mato Grosso, a 150km de Cuiabá. O trabalho visa a geração de informações na área das Geociências que possam apoiar o geoturismo da região, baseado principalmente nos recursos hídricos de águas minerais, termais e superficiais, além de propor soluções a partir do levantamento do potencial turístico dos atrativos municipais e contribuir para a elaboração de um “Geoparque” para a área. Os impactos decorrentes das atividades turísticas foram avaliados mediante aplicações dos métodos VIM (Visitor Impact Management) e PER (Pressão-Estado-Resposta), com ênfase em indicadores biofísicos. As características geológicas e hídricas da região contribuíram com a ocorrência do hidrotermalismo, presença de serras e cavernas e inúmeras cachoeiras e corredeiras, com possibilidades para a prática do turismo contemplativo, geoturismo e ecoturismo. A estância hidromineral constitui um importante polo turístico e os municípios sobrevivem economicamente da atividade turística, que depende da infiltração da água da chuva para renovação do principal produto, o manancial superficial e termal. Dessa forma, manter esse patrimônio significa verificar as consequências e os benefícios do turismo baseado na apropriação e exploração deste bem tão essencial para a economia da região.
VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL À EROSÃO HÍDRICA NA SUB-BACIA DO CÓRREGO DO GUANABARA/ RESERVA DO CABAÇAL-MT BRASIL
Authors: CUIABANO Marcel do Nascimento , NEVES Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , NUNES Maria Cândida Moitinho , SERAFIM Milson Evaldo , NEVES Ronaldo José
Published: November 2019

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a suscetibilidade à erosão hídrica como indicador de vulnerabilidade ambiental da sub-bacia do Córrego do Guanabara no município de Reserva do Cabaçal–MT. O mapa de erodibilidade foi elaborado através da associação dos tipos de solos com classes de erodibilidade. A combinação do mapa de erodibilidade com o do fator topográfico originou o mapa de susceptibilidade à erosão. O mapa do potencial à erosão foi obtido pela combinação do mapa de susceptibilidade à erosão com o de uso atual da terra. Foram coletadas amostras, deformadas e indeformadas, na camada de 0,0-0,1m e 0,1-0,2m, em ambientes considerados como degradado, moderadamente degradado e natural. A sub-bacia apresenta predominância de Neossolos Quartzarênicos (62,06%), sendo que 91,90% de sua área se apresentam extremamente susceptíveis à erosão hídrica e 8,10% muito susceptível à erosão hídrica. A textura do solo não se diferiu nos ambientes estudados, porém demonstrou a predominância da fração areia, o que é característico desse tipo de solo. O ambiente natural apresentou maior quantidade de macroagregados estáveis em água. A análise de vulnerabilidade se torna importante, pois fornece informações sobre a maior ou menor susceptibilidade de um ambiente ao processo de erosão, fornecendo ferramentas para o adequado planejamento, uso e ocupação do solo.
ANÁLISIS MORFOMÉTRICO DE DOLINAS Y PARÁMETROS GEOFÍSICOS APLICADOS AL ESTUDIO DE LOS FLUJOS DE AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA EN LA CUENCA DEL EBRO, ZARAGOZA, ESPAÑA
Authors: Morais Fernando , Soriano Maria Asunción
Published: November 2019

El relieve kárstico constituye una excelente herramienta para la comprensión de la dinámica del paisaje, además de proporcionar huellas sobre la paleogeografía y paleoecología del planeta. La región de Zaragoza, nordeste de España, presenta una gran cantidad de dolinas aluviales siendo una de las zonas más afectadas por procesos kársticos en la Península Ibérica. En la cuenca central del Ebro el karst en evaporitas a menudo causa daños en carreteras, edifícios y líneas de agua. El objetivo deste trabajo fue investigar posibles relaciones entre la distribución de las dolinas y los flujos hídricos subterráneos. Así que se llevó a cabo el análisis morfométrico de dolinas además de la determinación de los parámetros geofísicos de Dar-Zarrouk, buscando establecer posibles vínculos entre las formas kársticas, flujos hídricos y aspectos geológicos y geomorfológicos de la zona de estudio. Los resultados indicaron predomínio de formas pequeñas, con distribución controlada por estruturas geológicas tales cómo fallas y fracturas. Las zonas con valores intermedios y altos de conductancia longitudinal además de valores intermedios de resistencia transversal presentan mayor concentración de dolinas. Esta relación puede apuntar áreas más propícias al desarrollo de colapsos kársticos en la región estudiada.
REGULARIZAÇÃO DE VAZÃO E DISSIPAÇÃO DE ENERGIA EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS NA MESORREGIÃO CENTRO OCIDENTAL RIO-GRANDENSE
Authors: SANTOS Danilo Rheinheimer dos , PELLEGRINI André , ALVAREZ Jimmy Walter Rasche , KROLOW Ivan Renato Cardoso , CAPOANE Viviane , KROLOW Daniela da Rocha Vitória
Published: November 2019

As ações antrópicas determinam as condições de superfície e alteram as proporções de uso e manejo do solo em bacias hidrográficas. O uso de coeficientes que consideram variáveis hidrossedimentológicas para avaliar a interação homem-meio pode ser a forma eficaz de quantificar os impactos da ação do Homem no meio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições de superfície proporcionadas pela interação homem-meio através da regularização de vazão e da dissipação de energia em duas pequenas bacias hidrográficas em áreas de assentamentos de reforma agrária (diferentes formas de proteção das áreas ripárias) no Rio Grande do Sul. Na pequena bacia com maior cobertura por mata ciliar, os coeficientes apontaram para maior regularização da vazão, porém menor dissipação de energia erosiva que, pela degradação dos extratos inferiores da mata (acesso livre aos bovinos), compromete a capacidade de retenção de sedimentos comparativamente a outra pequena bacia, cujas regiões próximas aos cursos d’água predominam áreas úmidas; o escoamento superficial gerado nas áreas de lavoura foi atenuado pela área de mata na bacia maior e potencializado pelas áreas úmidas na bacia menor.
INVENTÁRIO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO GEOLÓGICO DO MUNICÍPIO DE CARAGUATATUBA, SÃO PAULO
Authors: Cunha ARRUDA Karlla Emmanuelle , Motta GARCIA Maria da Glória , DEL LAMA Eliane Aparecida
Published: November 2019

O município de Caraguatatuba apresenta uma rica geodiversidade relacionada à amalgamação e fragmentação do Supercontinente Gondwana. A ausência de estudos geológicos detalhados, associada à falta de informação e à ameaça da urbanização desordenada justifica a necessidade de um inventário do patrimônio geológico do município. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e trabalhos de campo foram definidos sete geossítios: Praia Brava, Megaboudin da Lagoa Azul, Milonitos da Tabatinga-Ilha do Tamanduá, Milonitos e Cataclasitos da Estrada da Petrobras, Morro do Santo Antônio, Geoformas de Caraguatatuba e Registros da Catástrofe. A quantificação forneceu as pontuações para valor científico, potencial para uso educacional e turístico e para risco de degradação. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que os geossítios com elementos geomorfológicos apresentaram pontuações mais altas para pontencial de uso educacional e turístico. O geossítio Morro do Santo Antônio obteve a maior pontuação em valor científico e risco de degradação. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho são parte de um projeto maior que abrange o inventário do patrimônio geológico da região costeira do estado de São Paulo e base de um projeto que visa aplicar o geoturismo no litoral norte. Os dados serão utilizados como ferramenta de auxílio para gestão territorial e implementação de estratégias de geoconservação.
BIOENSAIOS COM OLIGOQUETAS EDÁFICOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DO TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS DE MINERAÇÃO DE CARVÃO EM CENÁRIO DE DISPOSIÇÃO TERRESTRE
Authors: CESAR Ricardo , ROCHA Bianca , CASTILHOS Zuleica , CAMPOS Tácio de , SCHNEIDER Claudio
Published: November 2019

A oxidação da pirita presente nos rejeitos e estéreis da mineração de carvão pode desencadear uma drenagem ácida, induzindo uma redução drástica do pH dos solos e sistemas aquáticos vizinhos. O presente trabalho trata da avaliação da eficácia do processo de tratamento de um resíduo de mineração de carvão coletado na região carbonífera sul catarinense. O tratamento aplicado consistiu na separação das partículas conforme sua densidade, gerando três frações: pesada, mista e leve; com alto, intermediário e baixo teor de pirita, respectivamente. A eficácia do tratamento foi avaliada com base na quantificação de metais pesados e execução de bioensaios agudos e crônicos com oligoquetas edáficos (Eisenia andrei), conforme protocolos padrão (ISO). Os bioensaios foram somente aplicados à fração mista do resíduo, devido ao volume de material gerado com necessidade eventual de disposição terrestre. Misturas desta fração mista com um solo artificial foram preparadas nas seguintes proporções: 0, 6, 12, 24 e 50%. Os resultados revelaram, de forma geral, uma redução das concentrações de metais pesados e atenuação do pH para as frações mista e leve, em comparação ao resíduo in natura, sugerindo que, do ponto de vista químico, o tratamento foi eficiente. As concentrações de metais nas misturas de solo com a fração mista do resíduo estavam em concordância com os valores do CONAMA para qualidade de solos. Os bioensaios agudos com oligoquetas revelaram ausência de mortalidade e de perda de biomassa dos animais, indicando baixa ecotoxicidade aguda. Contudo, os animais sobreviventes foram capazes de bioacumular elevadas quantidades de níquel na maior testada (50%), um metal reconhecidamente tóxico aos oligoquetas. O bioensaio crônico indicou perda significativa de biomassa para a dose de 50%, bem como redução significativa da reprodução para as doses de 24 e 50%. Tendo em vista a ocorrência de toxicidade somente para altas dosagens de resíduo no solo, o tratamento aplicado parece ser eficiente.
MODELO DE AVALIAÇÃO DA EXPOSIÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE RISCO À SAÚDE E MEIO AMBIENTE, APLICADO A ATIVIDADE DE MINERAÇÃO.
Authors: ANDRADE Sergio Fred Ribeiro , VELASCO Fermin Garcia , LUZARDO Francisco Heriberto Martinez , NERIS Jordan Brizi
Published: November 2019

As metodologias para avaliação de risco à saúde são importantes ferramentas para auxiliar na gestão e mitigação de locais contaminados por compostos químicos. No presente trabalho, é proposta uma nova metodologia para avaliação de risco por exposição a compostos químicos, denominada SysRisk, que visa a avaliação dinâmica da exposição e caracterização do risco nas abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, considerando a matriz espaço-temporal do cenário contaminado. O SysRisk foi aplicado em um cenário reportado por outros autores sobre a contaminação ambiental com metais Fe, Zn, Co e Pb, nos compartimentos ambientais água e solo, em área afetada pela atividade de uma metalúrgica de Zinco em Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro - Brasil. Os resultados apurados pelo SysRisk foram comparados com os resultados do estudo reportado. A comparação mostrou diferenças significativas na caracterização do risco quantitativo e qualitativo entre as duas abordagens. O SysRisk mostrou adicionalmente a capacidade de realização de uma análise espaço-temporal detalhada que considera os efeitos individuais e sinérgicos de múltiplos contaminantes, e oferece novos subsídios para ações de mitigação mais eficientes diferenciadas por local afetado e período de tempo.