bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel Sparse Subspace Clustering via Joint Sample and Parameter Blockwise Partition
Authors: Liu Bo , Yuan Xiao-Tong , Yu Yang , Liu Qingshan , Metaxas Dimitris N.
Published: May 2017

Sparse subspace clustering (SSC) is a classical method to cluster data with specific subspace structure for each group. It has many desirable theoretical properties and has been shown to be effective in various applications. However, under the condition of a large-scale dataset, learning the sparse sample affinity graph is computationally expensive. To tackle the computation time cost challenge, we develop a memory-efficient parallel framework for computing SSC via an alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) algorithm. The proposed framework partitions the data matrix into column blocks and then decomposes the original problem into parallel multivariate Lasso regression subproblems and samplewise operations. The proposed method allows us to allocate multiple cores/machines for the processing of individual column blocks. We propose a stochastic optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed blockwise ADMM framework is substantially more efficient than its matrix counterpart used by SSC, without sacrificing performance in applications. Moreover, our approach is directly applicable to parallel neighborhood selection for Gaussian graphical models structure estimation.
Designing for Bodily Interplay in Social Exertion Games
Authors: Mueller Florian ‘Floyd’ , Gibbs Martin R. , Vetere Frank , Edge Darren
Published: May 2017

While exertion games facilitate, and benefit from, social play, most exertion games merely support players acting independently. To help designers explore the richness of social play in exertion games, we present the design dimension “bodily interplay” that gives critical focus to how players’ bodies interact with one another. We offer two broad categories of bodily interplay—
parallel
and
interdependent play
—to explain how exertion games can facilitate independent and offensive/defensive-type experiences. These categories can be applied to both the physical and virtual space, and by looking at all permutations of these categories, we articulate four ways of coupling the spaces: comparative, actuated, derived, and projected coupling. This article illustrates the inspirational power of the dimensions by applying them to the analysis of four exertion games. Altogether, we articulate a vocabulary that can guide designers in the creation of social exertion games, helping players profit from the many benefits of exertion.
Impaired Emotion Recognition after Left Hemispheric Stroke: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Aben Hugo P. , Reijmer Yael D. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. , Spikman Jacoba M. , Biessels Geert Jan , de Kort Paul L. M. , Study Group PROCRAS
Published: May 2017

Impaired recognition of emotion after stroke can have important implications for social competency, social participation, and consequently quality of life. We describe a case of left hemispheric ischemic stroke with impaired recognition of specifically faces expressing fear. Three months later, the patient’s spouse reports that the patient was irritable and slow in communication, which may be caused by the impaired emotion recognition. The case is discussed in relation to the literature concerning emotion recognition and its neural correlates. Our case supports the notion that emotion recognition, including fear recognition, is regulated by a network of interconnected brain regions located in both hemispheres. We conclude that impaired emotion recognition is not uncommon after stroke and can be caused by dysfunction of this emotion-network.
Evolution of the Apicomplexan Sugar Transporter Gene Family Repertoire
Authors: Mahmud Ousman , Kissinger Jessica C.
Published: May 2017

Apicomplexan protist parasites utilize host sugars transported into the parasite by sugar transporter proteins for use as an energy source. We performed a phylum-wide phylogenetic analysis of the apicomplexan sugar transporter repertoire. Phylogenetic analyses revealed six major subfamilies of apicomplexan sugar transporters. Transporters in one subfamily have undergone expansions in Piroplasma species and Gregarina niphandrodes, while other subfamilies are highly divergent and contain genes found in only one or two species. Analyses of the divergent apicomplexan subfamilies revealed their presence in ciliates, indicating their alveolate ancestry and subsequent loss in chromerids and many apicomplexans.
The Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis, the Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Tangled Skein of Rheumatology
Authors: Malaviya Anand N. , Rawat Roopa , Agrawal Neha , Patil Nilesh S.
Published: May 2017

Since 1984 the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been based upon the modified New York (mNY) criteria with mandatory presence of radiographic sacroiliitis, without which the diagnosis is not tenable. However, it may take years or decades for radiographic sacroiliitis to develop delaying the diagnosis for long periods. It did not matter in the past because no effective treatment was available. However, with the availability of a highly effective treatment, namely, tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFi), the issue of early diagnosis of AS acquired an urgency. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria published in 2009 was a significant step towards this goal. These criteria described an early stage of the disease where sacroiliitis was demonstrable only on MRI but not on standard radiograph. Therefore, this stage of the disease was labelled “nonradiographic axial SpA” (nr-axSpA). But questions have been raised if, in search of early diagnosis, specificity was compromised. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA, USA) withheld approval for the use of TNFi in patients with nr-axSpA because of issues related to the specificity of these criteria. This review attempts to clarify some of these aspects of the nr-axSpA-AS relationship and also tries to answer the question whether ASAS classifiable radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) term can be interchangeably used with the term AS.
Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Rotarex® S Device in Acute Limb Ischemia in Infrainguinal Occlusions
Authors: Heller Samuel , Lubanda Jean-Claude , Varejka Petr , Chochola Miroslav , Prochazka Pavel , Rucka David , Kuchynkova Sylvie , Horakova Johana , Linhart Ales
Published: May 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy using Rotarex S in the treatment of acute limb ischemia (ALI) in infrainguinal occlusions in a retrospective study of patients treated in our institution. Methods. In this study, we identified a total of 147 ALI patients that underwent mechanical thrombectomy using Rotarex S at our institution. In 82% of the cases, percutaneous thrombectomy was used as first-line treatment, and for the remainder of the cases, it was used as bailout after ineffective aspiration or thrombolysis. Additional fibrinolysis and adjunctive aspirational thrombectomy were utilized for outflow occlusion when required. Procedural outcomes, amputation rate, and mortality at 30 days were evaluated. Results. Of the 147 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy, Rotarex S was used as first-line treatment in 120 cases and as second-line treatment in 27 cases. Overall, we achieved 90.5% procedural revascularization success rate when combining mechanical thrombectomy with limited thrombolysis for severe outflow obstruction, and 1 death and 3 amputations were observed. We achieved primary success in 68.7% of the patients with the mechanical thrombectomy only, and in 21.8% of the patients, we successfully used additional limited thrombolysis in the outflow. The overall mortality was 0.7% and amputation rate was 2% at 30 days. Conclusion. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy as first-line mini-invasive treatment in infrainguinal ALI is safe, quick, and effective, and the performance outcomes can be superior to that of traditional surgical embolectomy.
Chronic Dialysis Dependent Renal Failure Resulting from a Massive Bladder Containing Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Herskowitz Michael M. , Reid Jamel , Leonardo Robert F.
Published: May 2017

Bladder involvement in inguinal hernia is relatively rare, 1–4%, although the incidence is increased to 10% with advancing age or obesity. There are several previously reported cases presenting with obstructive uropathy and renal failure, but all reversed with urinary diversion and hernia repair. We believe this to be the first reported case of bladder hernia leading to dialysis dependent chronic renal failure.
Strongyloides Colitis as a Harmful Mimicker of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Poveda Julio , El-Sharkawy Farah , Arosemena Leopoldo R. , Garcia-Buitrago Monica T. , Rojas Claudia P.
Published: May 2017

Autoinfection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis frequently becomes a life-long disease unless it is effectively treated. There is overlapping histomorphology between Strongyloides colitis and inflammatory bowel disease; a low index of suspicion can lead to misdiagnosis and fatal consequences. We present a case of Strongyloides colitis mimicking the clinical and pathologic features of inflammatory bowel disease. A 64-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a four-day history of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse inflammation suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease, which led to initiation of 5-aminosalicylic acid and intravenous methylprednisolone. Biopsies of the colon revealed increased lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate of the lamina propria with eosinophilic microabscesses and presence of larvae, consistent with Strongyloides stercoralis. Immunosuppressive medication was halted. The patient ultimately died a few days later. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying the overlapping clinical and pathologic features of Strongyloides colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. A high index of suspicion and recognition of particular histological findings, including eosinophilic microabscesses, aid in the correct diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is crucial as each disease carries distinct therapeutic implications and outcome.
Stigmasterol Modulates Allergic Airway Inflammation in Guinea Pig Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma
Authors: Antwi Aaron Opoku , Obiri David Darko , Osafo Newman
Published: May 2017

We explored the potential benefits of stigmasterol in the treatment of asthma, an airway disorder characterized by immune pathophysiology and with an ever-increasing worldwide prevalence. We assessed the modulatory effect of the intraperitoneal administration of stigmasterol on experimentally induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs. The effect of stigmasterol on inflammatory cell proliferation, oxidative stress, lung histopathology, and remodeling was investigated. The results showed significant suppressive effects on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammatory damage. Stigmasterol at 10–100 mg/kg reduced proliferation of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes while reducing peribronchiolar, perivascular, and alveolar infiltration of inflammatory cells. Histopathology revealed stigmasterol maintained lung architecture and reversed collagen deposition, an index of lung remodeling. Overexpression of serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA sIgE) elicited by ovalbumin sensitization and challenge was significantly controlled with stigmasterol. Taken together, stigmasterol possessed significant antiasthmatic properties and had suppressive effects on key features of allergen-induced asthma.
Comprehensive Study of Ni Nanotubes for Bioapplications: From Synthesis to Payloads Attaching
Authors: Kozlovskiy A. L. , Korolkov I. V. , Kalkabay G. , Ibragimova M. A. , Ibrayeva A. D. , Zdorovets M. V. , Mikulich V. S. , Yakimchuk D. V. , Shumskaya A. E. , Kaniukov E. Yu.
Published: May 2017

Due to the Ni nanotubes’ shape anisotropy, low specific density, large specific surface, and uniform magnetic field, they have been offered as carriers for targeted delivery of drug or protein and the process of their formation from synthesis stage to the stage of surface modification and protein attaching has been demonstrated. Some steps to hasten their biomedical application have been applied. First, to have full control over the carrier dimensions and structure parameters, electrodeposition method in pores of polyethylene terephthalate template has been applied. Second, to understand the scope of Ni nanostructures application, their degradation in media with different acidity has been studied. Third, to improve the biocompatibility and to make payloads attachment possible, nanotubes surface modification with organosilicon compound has been carried out. At last, the scheme of protein attaching to the nanostructure surface has been developed and the binding process was demonstrated as an example of the bovine serum albumin.
A Case of Sevoflurane Use during Pregnancy in the Management of Persistent Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Parrott Jessica , Tener Mitch , Dennis Katie , Sharpe Matthew , Clark-Ganheart Cecily
Published: May 2017

Background. Sevoflurane is rarely used for the treatment of status asthmaticus. We report a case of sevoflurane hepatotoxicity in pregnancy with presentation similar to HELLP syndrome. Case. A G2P1001 at 23 weeks in status asthmaticus presented with pCO2 > 130 and pH < 7. She was nonresponsive to traditional therapy. Sevoflurane was added for a 24 hr period. Respiratory status improved. Extubation occurred on day 12. Workup for preeclampsia spectrum disorders occurred due to maternal hypertension. Given the atypical presentation and hepatotoxicity, a liver biopsy was performed. Histologic features suggested drug induced hepatic injury. Liver function subsequently normalized. She delivered a term neonate without short-term complications. Conclusion. The use of sevoflurane is a treatment option of status asthmaticus during pregnancy. Providers should be aware of the potential for hepatotoxicity.
The Electrode Modality Development in Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Facilitates Biocellular Mechanism Study and Improves Cancer Ablation Efficacy
Authors: Cen Chao , Chen Xinhua
Published: May 2017

Pulsed electric field treatment is now widely used in diverse biological and medical applications: gene delivery, electrochemotherapy, and cancer therapy. This minimally invasive technique has several advantages over traditional ablation techniques, such as nonthermal elimination and blood vessel spare effect. Different electrodes are subsequently developed for a specific treatment purpose. Here, we provide a systematic review of electrode modality development in pulsed electric field treatment. For electrodes invented for experiment in vitro, sheet electrode and electrode cuvette, electrodes with high-speed fluorescence imaging system, electrodes with patch-clamp, and electrodes with confocal laser scanning microscopy are introduced. For electrodes invented for experiment in vivo, monopolar electrodes, five-needle array electrodes, single-needle bipolar electrode, parallel plate electrodes, and suction electrode are introduced. The pulsed electric field provides a promising treatment for cancer.
Boi‐ogi‐to (TJ‐20), a Kampo Formula, Suppresses the Inflammatory Bone Destruction and the Expression of Cytokines in the Synovia of Ankle Joints of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Wu Zhou , Liu Yicong , Ni Junjun , Deng Chunfu , Zhao Baohong , Nakanishi Hiroshi , He Jing , Yan Xu
Published: May 2017

TJ‐20 is a formula consisting of 6 herbs that has been used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China and Japan for centuries. However, scientific evidence of the effects of TJ‐20 has not been established. In the present study, we focused on the therapeutic effects and investigated the main function of TJ‐20 on adjuvant arthritis (AA), an animal model of RA, which was induced with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). TJ‐20 was administered orally at 600 mg/kg once a day from 0, 7, and 10 days to 8 weeks after the CFA treatment. TJ‐20 significantly ameliorated inflammatory progression and bone destruction in AA in a time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, TJ‐20 significantly reduced the increased changes in a number of macrophages and helper T cells. Moreover, TJ‐20 suppressed the expression of TNF‐α whereas it augmented the expression of IL‐10 and attenuated Th1 cells responses in the synovia of the ankle joint. Therefore, TJ‐20 regulated the expression of proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in macrophages and Th1/Th2 balance in the synovia of ankle joints in AA rats. These results suggest the positive anti‐inflammatory effect of TJ‐20 and provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of TJ‐20 for RA.
Red Yeast Rice Protects Circulating Bone Marrow‐Derived Proangiogenic Cells against High‐Glucose‐Induced Senescence and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Heme Oxygenase‐1
Authors: Liu Jung-Tung , Chen Huey-Yi , Chen Wen-Chi , Man Kee-Ming , Chen Yung-Hsiang
Published: May 2017

The inflammation and oxidative stress of bone marrow‐derived proangiogenic cells (PACs), also named endothelial progenitor cells, triggered by hyperglycemia contributes significantly to vascular dysfunction. There is supporting evidence that the consumption of red yeast rice (RYR; Monascus purpureus‐fermented rice) reduces the vascular complications of diabetes; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of RYR extract in PACs, focusing particularly on the role of a potent antioxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). We found that treatment with RYR extract induced nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor nuclear translocation and HO‐1 mRNA and protein levels in PACs. RYR extract inhibited high‐glucose‐induced (30 mM) PAC senescence and the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose‐dependent manner. The HO‐1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin IX also decreased high‐glucose‐induced cell senescence and oxidative stress, whereas the HO‐1 enzyme inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX and HO‐1 small interfering RNA significantly reversed RYR extract‐caused inhibition of senescence and reduction of oxidative stress in high‐glucose‐treated PACs. These results suggest that RYR extract serves as alternative and complementary medicine in the treatment of these diseases, by inducing HO‐1, thereby decreasing the vascular complications of diabetes.
The Use of Xanthan Gum as Vaccine Adjuvant: An Evaluation of Immunostimulatory Potential in BALB/c Mice and Cytotoxicity In Vitro
Authors: Schuch Rodrigo Andrade , Oliveira Thaís Larré , Collares Thaís Farias , Monte Leonardo Garcia , Inda Guilherme Roig , Dellagostin Odir Antonio , Vendruscolo Claire Tondo , Moreira Angelita da Silveira , Hartwig Daiane Drawanz
Published: May 2017

The successful production of new, safe, and effective vaccines that generate immunological memory is directly related to adjuvant feature, which is responsible for increasing and/or modulating the immune response. Several compounds display adjuvant activity, including carbohydrates. These compounds play important roles in the immune response, as well as having biocompatible properties in vaccine formulations. One such carbohydrate is xanthan gum, a polysaccharide that is produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas spp., which has adjuvant attributes. This study evaluated the immune response induced by xanthan gum associated with ovalbumin in BALB/c mice, which were subcutaneously immunized, in terms of antibody production (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3), and assessed the levels of IFN-γ in the splenocyte culture using indirect ELISA. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro cytotoxicity of xanthan in the embryo fibroblasts cell line of the NIH/3T3 mouse by MTT assay and propidium iodide uptake assay. The mice immunized with ovalbumin plus xanthan gum exhibited higher antibody IgG1 responses than control groups. Furthermore, the xanthan polysaccharide was capable of increasing the immunogenicity of antigens by producing IFN-γ and did not exhibit cytotoxicity effects in NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, considered a promising candidate for vaccine adjuvant.
Tissue Hypoperfusion, Hypercoagulopathy, and Kidney and Liver Dysfunction after Ingestion of a Naphazoline-Containing Antiseptic
Authors: Ono Yuko , Ono Nozomi , Shinohara Kazuaki
Published: May 2017

Naphazoline is a peripheral α2-adrenergic receptor agonist commonly used as a topical decongestant. In Japan, over-the-counter antiseptics often contain naphazoline to effect local hemostasis. We present the first case involving the development of hypercoagulopathy, with kidney and liver dysfunction, following a naphazoline overdose. A 22-year-old Japanese woman with a history of depression ingested 160 mL of a commercially available antiseptic containing 0.1% naphazoline. Three days later, she was brought to the emergency department because of general fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed cool, pale extremities. Laboratory data showed evidence of severe kidney and liver dysfunction (creatinine, 9.2 mg/dL; alanine aminotransferase, 2948 IU/L), hypercoagulation (D-dimers, 58.3 μg/mL), and thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 90,000/μL). After infusion of normal saline, intravenous administration of alprostadil, and hemodiafiltration, her organ function completely recovered. Because both the kidney and liver express α2-adrenergic receptors, their failure was likely associated with naphazoline overdose-induced hypoperfusion. The most plausible causes of hypercoagulation are peripheral low perfusion and subsequent microthrombus formation. This case illustrates that severe organ dysfunction can occur following over-the-counter antiseptic ingestion and serves as a caution for both drug manufacturers and healthcare professionals.
Perforated Duodenal Diverticulum Treated Conservatively: Another Two Successful Cases
Authors: Degheili Jad A. , Abdallah Mohammed H. , Haydar Ali A. , Moukalled Ahmad , Hallal Ali H.
Published: May 2017

Diverticula of the duodenum proceed those of the colon in respect to frequency of location. Incidence at times of autopsy ranges from 15 to 23%. Despite the fact that more than 90% of duodenal diverticulum cases are asymptomatic, complications if they do occur can be calamitous. Perforation is one of these rare complications. Surgical intervention has always been the mainstay for symptomatic/complicated duodenal diverticula, but with the advancement of imaging, medical treatment, and proper intensive observation, conservative treatment came forth. We hereby present two cases of duodenal diverticula, complicated by perforation and fistulization into the retroperitoneal cavity, both treated conservatively by Taylor’s approach of upper gastrointestinal tract perforation. Review of other cases of duodenal diverticulum perforation has also been presented.
A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Nyabadza Farai , Coetzee Lezanie
Published: May 2017

The complex problem of drug abuse and drug-related crimes in communities in the Western Cape province cannot be studied in isolation but through the system they are embedded in. In this paper, a theoretical model to evaluate the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape province of South Africa is constructed and explored. The dynamics of drug abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape are simulated using STELLA software. The simulation results are consistent with the data from SACENDU and CrimeStats SA, highlighting the usefulness of such a model in designing and planning interventions to combat substance abuse and its related problems.
Patient-Specific Deep Architectural Model for ECG Classification
Authors: Luo Kan , Li Jianqing , Wang Zhigang , Cuschieri Alfred
Published: May 2017

Heartbeat classification is a crucial step for arrhythmia diagnosis during electrocardiographic (ECG) analysis. The new scenario of wireless body sensor network- (WBSN-) enabled ECG monitoring puts forward a higher-level demand for this traditional ECG analysis task. Previously reported methods mainly addressed this requirement with the applications of a shallow structured classifier and expert-designed features. In this study, modified frequency slice wavelet transform (MFSWT) was firstly employed to produce the time-frequency image for heartbeat signal. Then the deep learning (DL) method was performed for the heartbeat classification. Here, we proposed a novel model incorporating automatic feature abstraction and a deep neural network (DNN) classifier. Features were automatically abstracted by the stacked denoising auto-encoder (SDA) from the transferred time-frequency image. DNN classifier was constructed by an encoder layer of SDA and a softmax layer. In addition, a deterministic patient-specific heartbeat classifier was achieved by fine-tuning on heartbeat samples, which included a small subset of individual samples. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Results showed that an overall accuracy of 97.5% was achieved using the proposed model, confirming that the proposed DNN model is a powerful tool for heartbeat pattern recognition.
Formation of Flower-Like Crystals of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum from 8-Hydroxyquinoline on Anodic Porous Alumina
Authors: Yamaguchi Shohei , Iida Tomohiro , Matsui Kazunori
Published: May 2017

The treatment of anodic porous alumina (APA) plates in heated water containing 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) produces crystalline tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) microbelts about 5–10 μm wide and 5–20 μm long. These microbelts were found to aggregate to form flower-like structures on the surface. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the Alq3 microbelts are composed of an α-phase having a meridional structure. The Alq3 microbelts exhibited green photoluminescence with a peak at around 520 nm. Scanning electron microscope images and energy dispersive X-ray spectra showed that this reaction is induced at the APA surface by the reaction between the HQ and amorphous Al2O3 species.
Is It Necessary to Specifically Define the Cause of Surgically Treated Biliary Tract Infections? A Rare Case of Raoultella planticola Cholecystitis and Literature Review
Authors: Ulukent Suat Can , Sarici İnanc Samil , Alper Sahbaz Nuri , Ozgun Yigit Mehmet , Akca Ozlem , Sanlı Kamuran
Published: May 2017

Raoultella planticola is an aquatic and soil organism that does not notoriously cause invasive infections in humans. Infections in the literature are limited only in case reports. We present a very rare case of R. planticola cholecystitis. A 71-year-old female patient with abdominal pain was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. Patient received intravenous antibiotic treatment, but the treatment failed and the patient underwent an open cholecystectomy. The final pathological result was gangrenous cholecystitis complicated with R. planticola. Eventually, the patient recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Patients with acute cholecystitis are usually treated without any microbiological sampling and antibiotic treatment is started empirically. To date, there have only been 5 reported biliary system related R. planticola infections in humans. We believe that Raoultella species might be a more frequent agent than usually thought, especially in resistant cholecystitis cases. Resistant strains should be considered as a possible causative organism when the patient’s condition worsened despite proper antimicrobial therapy. It should be considered safe to send microbiological samples for culture and specifically define the causative microorganisms even in the setting of a cholecystectomized patient.
Gastric Intussusceptions in a Red Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus) Associated with Cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Bercier Marjorie , Zoll Whitney , Rosenberg Justin F. , Giglio Robson , McCoy Lenice , Castleman William L. , Johnson Matthew D. , Heard Darryl J.
Published: May 2017

A 3-year-old female red corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) was presented for a three-week history of anorexia and decreased defecations. On physical examination, a soft midbody intracoelomic swelling was palpated. Transcutaneous coelomic ultrasound revealed a target-like mass on a transverse section of the stomach, suggesting the presence of a gastrointestinal intussusception. On exploratory coeliotomy, a double compounded esophagogastric and gastroduodenal intussusception was diagnosed and reduced surgically. A gastropexy was also performed to prevent recurrence. On histopathology, the gastric glandular mucosa showed moderate to marked proliferation. Diffusely lining the luminal surface of glandular epithelium and free within the lumen were a myriad of protozoa consistent with Cryptosporidium sp. A diagnosis of chronic proliferative gastritis due to Cryptosporidium sp. was made based on these findings. Intussusceptions are rare in reptiles and are infrequently reported in snakes. This is the first report of a double compounded intussusception in a nonmammalian species and the first report of an intussusception involving the stomach in a snake with gastritis due to Cryptosporidium sp.
Accuracy Evaluation of a Stereolithographic Surgical Template for Dental Implant Insertion Using 3D Superimposition Protocol
Authors: Cristache Corina Marilena , Gurbanescu Silviu
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a stereolithographic template, with sleeve structure incorporated into the design, for computer-guided dental implant insertion in partially edentulous patients. Materials and Methods. Sixty-five implants were placed in twenty-five consecutive patients with a stereolithographic surgical template. After surgery, digital impression was taken and 3D inaccuracy of implants position at entry point, apex, and angle deviation was measured using an inspection tool software. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare accuracy between maxillary and mandibular surgical guides. A p value < .05 was considered significant. Results. Mean (and standard deviation) of 3D error at the entry point was 0.798 mm (±0.52), at the implant apex it was 1.17 mm (±0.63), and mean angular deviation was 2.34 (±0.85). A statistically significant reduced 3D error was observed at entry point p=.037, at implant apex p=.008, and also in angular deviation p=.030 in mandible when comparing to maxilla. Conclusions. The surgical template used has proved high accuracy for implant insertion. Within the limitations of the present study, the protocol for comparing a digital file (treatment plan) with postinsertion digital impression may be considered a useful procedure for assessing surgical template accuracy, avoiding radiation exposure, during postoperative CBCT scanning.
Enhanced Adsorption of Selenium Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Iron Oxide Impregnated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Bakather Omer Y. , Kayvani Fard Ahmad , Ihsanullah  , Khraisheh Majeda , Nasser Mustafa S. , Atieh Muataz Ali
Published: May 2017

The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of raw and iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as adsorbents for the removal of selenium (Se) ions from wastewater. The original and modified CNTs with different loadings of Fe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The adsorption parameters of the selenium ions from water using raw CNTs and iron oxide impregnated carbon nanotubes (CNT-Fe2O3) were optimized. Total removal of 1 ppm Se ions from water was achieved when 25 mg of CNTs impregnated with 20 wt.% of iron oxide nanoparticles is used. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used to study the nature of the adsorption process. Pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order models were employed to study the kinetics of selenium ions adsorption onto the surface of iron oxide impregnated CNTs. Maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe2O3 impregnated CNTs, predicted by Langmuir isotherm model, was found to be 111 mg/g. This new finding might revolutionize the adsorption treatment process and application by introducing a new type of nanoadsorbent that has super adsorption capacity towards Se ions.
Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic
Authors: Liu Yihao , Su Lei , Xiao Haipeng
Published: May 2017

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, of which the incidence has dramatically increased worldwide in the past few decades. The reasons for the observed rapid increase still are not fully understood, but evidence suggests that overdiagnosis, with the advancement in detection methods and screening policies, is not the sole driver of the substantial increase of the incidence. However, the effect of environmental/lifestyle factors remains speculative other than that of radiation exposure at a young age. This review tries to give a balanced view of debated factors leading to the thyroid cancer epidemic, to offer some alternatives in understanding the controversies, and to suggest potential directions in the search of modifiable risk factors to help reduce thyroid cancer.
Interaction of Traveling Curved Fronts in Bistable Reaction-Diffusion Equations in R2
Authors: Liu Nai-Wei
Published: May 2017

We consider the interaction of traveling curved fronts in bistable reaction-diffusion equations in two-dimensional spaces. We first characterize the growth of the traveling curved fronts at infinity; then by constructing appropriate subsolutions and supersolutions, we prove that the solution of the Cauchy problem converges to a pair of diverging traveling curved fronts in R2 under appropriate initial conditions.
Helicobacter pylori from Peptic Ulcer Patients in Uganda Is Highly Resistant to Clarithromycin and Fluoroquinolones: Results of the GenoType HelicoDR Test Directly Applied on Stool
Authors: Angol Denish Calmax , Ocama Ponsiano , Ayazika Kirabo Tess , Okeng Alfred , Najjingo Irene , Bwanga Freddie
Published: May 2017

Background. Around 70–90% of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is due to Helicobacter pylori and requires treatment with antimicrobials to which these bacteria are susceptible. Common H. pylori diagnostic tests do not provide drug susceptibility data. Using the GenoType HelicoDR PCR test designed for gastric biopsies for simultaneous detection of H. pylori and its resistance to clarithromycin (CLA)/fluoroquinolones (FLQ), we present evidence for stool as an optional test specimen and also provide data on prevalence of H. pylori resistance to CLA and FLQ in Uganda. Methods. Stool from 142 symptomatic PUD patients at three hospitals in Kampala was screened for H. pylori using a rapid antigen test. The GenoType HelicoDR test was run on all H. pylori antigen positives to determine PCR positivity and resistance to CLA/FLQ. Results. Thirty-one samples (22%) were H. pylori antigen positive, and 21 (68%) of these were H. pylori PCR positive. Six of the 21 (29%) were resistant to CLA and eight to FLQ (42%), while two gave invalid FLQ resistance results. Conclusion. Stool is a possible specimen for the GenoType HelicoDR test for rapid detection of H. pylori and drug resistance. In Uganda, Helicobacter pylori is highly resistant to CLA and FLQ.
A Note on Reducing Subspaces of Toeplitz Operator on the Weighted Analytic Function Spaces of the Bidisk Hw2D2
Authors: Lin Hongzhao
Published: May 2017

We discussed the reducing subspaces of Toeplitz operators Tz1Nz2M  N≠M on the weighted analytic function spaces of bidisk Hw2(D2). The result shows that if the weight w is of type-I, the structure of reducing subspaces of Tz1Nz2M  N≠M on Hw2D2 is very simple.
Direct Current Sputter Epitaxy of Heavily Doped p+ Layer for Monocrystalline Si Solar Cells
Authors: Yeh Wenchang , Moriyama Hikaru
Published: May 2017

Sputter epitaxy of p+ layer for fabrication of Si solar cells (SCs) was demonstrated. Hall carrier concentration of p+ layer was 2.6 × 1020 cm−3 owing to cosputtering of B with Si at low temperature, which had enabled heavy and shallow p+ dope layer. p+nn+ SCs were fabricated and influence of p+ and n+ layers was investigated. Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of p+nn+ SCs was 95% at visible light and was larger than 60% at ultraviolet (UV) light when the p+ layer was thinner than 30 nm. At near infrared (NIR), extra increment on IQE was achieved by rear n+ back surface field (BSF) layer with a thickness thinner than 100 nm.
Dietary Intake of Metals from Fresh Cage-Reared Hens’ Eggs in Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors: Rubio Carmen , Paz Soraya , Ojeda Iballa , Gutiérrez Angel J. , González-Weller Dailos , Hardisson Arturo , Revert Consuelo
Published: May 2017

The concentrations of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co, B, Ba, Sr, Ni, Si, Al, Pb, and Cd) in cage-reared hens’ eggs have been determined in this study using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). There were significant differences in the metal content depending on the edible part of the egg, with the yolk having the greater concentrations of metals. The daily consumption of eggs (24.3 g/person/day for children and 31.2 g/person/day for adults) contributes to the intake of trace metals, notably Fe (3.8% children, 3.2% women, and 6.5% men) and Zn (4.5% children, 6.6% women, and 4.9% men). In addition, the consumption of eggs does not imply a high contribution of toxic metals.
Gravity Compensation and Feedback of Ground Reaction Forces for Biped Balance Control
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Nishio Shingo , Fukumoto Yuuki , Matsushita Kojiro , Sasaki Minoru
Published: May 2017

This paper considers the balance control of a biped robot under a constant external force or on a sloped ground. We have proposed a control method with feedback of the ground reaction forces and have realized adaptive posture changes that ensure the stability of the robot. However, fast responses have not been obtained because effective control is achieved by an integral feedback that accompanies a time delay necessary for error accumulation. To improve this response, here, we introduce gravity compensation in a feedforward manner. The stationary state and its stability are analyzed based on dynamic equations, and the robustness as well as the response is evaluated using computer simulations. Finally, the adaptive behaviors of the robot are confirmed by standing experiments on the slope.
A Broadband Left-Handed Metamaterial Microstrip Antenna with Double-Fractal Layers
Authors: Kubacki Roman , Lamari Salim , Czyżewski Mirosław , Laskowski Dariusz
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna based on the left-handed metamaterial concept, using planar periodic geometry, which results in improved characteristics. This periodic geometry is derived from fractal shapes, which have been widely used in antenna engineering. The metamaterial property was obtained as a result of the double-fractal structure on both the upper and the bottom sides of the antenna. The final structure has been optimized to enhance bandwidth, gain, and radiation characteristics of the microstrip antenna. This combination significantly improved antenna performance; our design could support an ultrawide bandwidth ranging from 4.1 to 19.4 GHz, demonstrating higher gain with an average value of 6 dBi over the frequency range and a peak of 10.9 dBi and a radiation capability directed in the horizontal plane of the antenna.
The Effects of Formaldehyde on Cytochrome P450 Isoform Activity in Rats
Authors: Xu Min , Tang Huaqiao , Rong Qian , Zhang Yuanli , Li Yinglun , Zhao Ling , Ye Gang , Shi Fei , Lv Cheng
Published: May 2017

Formaldehyde (FA) is an occupational and indoor pollutant. Long-term exposure to FA can irritate the respiratory mucosa, with potential carcinogenic effects on the airways. The effects of acute FA poisoning on the activities of CYP450 isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 were assessed by determining changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the probe drugs phenacetin, tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone, respectively. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, low FA dose (exposure to 110 ppm for 2 h for 3 days), and high FA dose (exposure to 220 ppm for 2 h for 3 days). A mixture of the four probe drugs was injected into rats and blood samples were taken at a series of time points. Plasma concentrations of the probe drugs were measured by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters t1/2, AUC(0-t), and Cmax of tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone increased significantly in the high dose versus control group (P<0.05), whereas the CL of chlorzoxazone and testosterone decreased significantly (P<0.05). However, t1/2, AUC(0-t), and Cmax of phenacetin decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the CL of phenacetin increased significantly (P<0.05) compared to controls. Thus, acute FA poisoning suppressed the activities of CYP2C11, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 and induced the activity of CYP1A2 in rats. And the change of CYP450 activity caused by acute FA poisoning may be associated with FA potential carcinogenic effects on the airways.
Physiological Uterine Involution in Primiparous and Multiparous Women: Ultrasound Study
Authors: Paliulyte V. , Drasutiene G. S. , Ramasauskaite D. , Bartkeviciene D. , Zakareviciene J. , Kurmanavicius J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. To examine the uterine involution period after uncomplicated delivery in primiparous and multiparous women.Methods. Longitudinal prospective study. Repeated parameters were measured and endometrial contents and diastolic notch were observed. Measurements of primiparous and multiparous women were carried out after labour on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 30th, 42nd, and 60th postpartum days. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.Results. The median uterus parameters are bigger in multiparous group in physiological puerperium, but the decreasing trend is the same. The endometrial cavity on the 10th day was significantly wider in multiparous women and mainly echo-negative view of the uterine cavity was observed. The evaluation of the uterine angle deviation changes from an extremely retroverted position to a more anteverted position. RI of the uterine artery in both groups was low immediately after labour and significantly increased one month postpartum. Notching of the uterine artery undergoes changes, but diastolic notch does not appear in all postpartum women even after two months following labour.Conclusions. The puerperium period after normal vaginal delivery depends on parity. The trend of involution in primiparous and multiparous women follows a similar pattern, yet, it lasts longer in the multiparous women. Ultrasound of uterine is certainly a useful tool after labour and may be important in facilitating an early detection of postpartum uterine complications.
Reductions in Resting Blood Pressure in Young Adults When Isometric Exercise Is Performed Whilst Walking
Authors: Baross Anthony W. , Hodgson David A. , Padfield Sarah L. , Swaine Ian L.
Published: May 2017

Aerobic and isometric training have been shown to reduce resting blood pressure, but simultaneous aerobic and isometric training have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in resting systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) after 6 weeks of either (i) simultaneous walking and isometric handgrip exercise (WHG), (ii) walking (WLK), (iii) isometric handgrip exercise (IHG), or control (CON). Forty-eight healthy sedentary participants (age 20.7 ± 1.7 yrs, mass 67.2 ± 10.2 kg, height 176.7 ± 1.2 cm, male n=26, and female n=22) were randomly allocated, to one of four groups (n=12 in each). Training was performed 4 × week−1 and involved either treadmill walking for 30 minutes (WLK), handgrip exercise 3 × 10 s at 20% MVC (IHG), or both performed simultaneously (WHG). Resting SBP, DBP, and MAP were recorded at rest, before and after the 6-week study period. Reductions in resting blood pressure were significantly greater in the simultaneous walking and handgrip group than any other group. These results show that simultaneous walking and handgrip training may have summative effects on reductions in resting blood pressure.
Polyurethane Nanofiber Membranes for Waste Water Treatment by Membrane Distillation
Authors: Jiříček T. , Komárek M. , Lederer T.
Published: May 2017

Self-sustained electrospun polyurethane nanofiber membranes were manufactured and tested on a direct-contact membrane distillation unit in an effort to find the optimum membrane thickness to maximize flux rate and minimize heat losses across the membrane. Also salt retention and flux at high salinities up to 100 g kg−1 were evaluated. Even though the complex structure of nanofiber layers has extreme specific surface and porosity, membrane performance was surprisingly predictable; the highest flux was achieved with the thinnest membranes and the best energy efficiency was achieved with the thickest membranes. All membranes had salt retention above 99%. Nanotechnology offers the potential to find modern solutions for desalination of waste waters, by introducing new materials with revolutionary properties, but new membranes must be developed according to the target application.
Tetrodotoxin for Moderate to Severe Cancer-Related Pain: A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design Trial
Authors: Hagen Neil A. , Cantin Lyne , Constant John , Haller Tina , Blaise Gilbert , Ong-Lam May , du Souich Patrick , Korz Walter , Lapointe Bernard
Published: May 2017

Objective. This study evaluated subcutaneous injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) for the treatment of moderate to severe, inadequately controlled cancer-related pain.Methods. Eligible patients were randomized to receive TTX (30 μg) or placebo subcutaneously twice daily for four consecutive days. Efficacy was assessed using pain and composite endpoints (including pain and quality of life measures), and safety was evaluated using standard measures.Results. 165 patients were enrolled at 19 sites in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, with 149 patients in the primary analysis “intent-to-treat” population. The primary analysis supports a clinical benefit of TTX over placebo based on the pain endpoint alone with a clinically significant estimated effect size of 16.2% (p=0.0460). Thepvalue was nominally statistically significant after prespecified (Bonferroni Holm) adjustment for the two primary endpoints but not at the prespecified two-sided 5% level. The mean duration of analgesic response was 56.7 days (TTX) and 9.9 days (placebo). Most common adverse events were nausea, dizziness, and oral numbness or tingling and were generally mild to moderate and transient.Conclusions. Although underpowered, this study demonstrates a clinically important analgesic signal. TTX may provide clinically meaningful analgesia for patients who have persistent moderate to severe cancer pain despite best analgesic care. This clinical study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00725114).