bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capturing the South
Authors: Matthews Scott L.
Published: September 2019

This expansive history of documentary work in the South during the twentieth century examines the motivations and methodologies of several pivotal documentarians, including sociologists Howard Odum and Arthur Raper, photographers Jack Delano and Danny Lyon, and music ethnographer John Cohen. It also explores the contentious history of documentary work in Hale County, Alabama, a place immortalized by writer James Agee and photographer Walker Evans in their collaborative book, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, as well by other documentary artists such as William Christenberry, Martha Young, and J.W. Otts. The work of these documentarians salvaged and celebrated folk cultures threatened by modernization or strived to reveal and reform problems linked to the region's racial caste system and exploitative agricultural economy. Images of alluring primitivism and troubling pathology often blurred together, neutralizing the aims of documentary work carried out in the name of reform during the Progressive era, New Deal, and civil rights movement. Black and white southerners in turn often resisted documentarians' attempts to turn their private lives into public symbols. Hale County, Alabama and other places in the region became not only an iconic sites of representation but also battlegrounds where black and white residents challenged the right of documentarians to represent them. The accumulation of influential and, occasionally, controversial documentary images of the South created an enduring, complex, and sometimes self-defeating mythology about the region that persists into the twenty-first century.
Race, Region, and Resistance
Authors: Matthews Scott L.
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the documentary work of UNC sociologist Howard Odum. It demonstrates how Odum harnessed new fieldwork methodologies and technologies such as the graphophone and phonophotography, along with the modern research university, to document black culture in the South. Odum called the products of his documentary fieldwork, community and folk background studies. His early studies from the 1900s grew out of graduate work with the twentieth century’s premier social scientists, G. Stanley Hall and Franklin Giddings. During this time, Odum’s documentary work fit into a broader Progressive reform impulse that sought solve the era’s race problems in the name of enlightened white supremacy. The second half of the chapter examines Odum’s folk song fieldwork and studies from the 1920s, including his books, The Negro and His Songs and Negro Workaday Songs. It also highlights his collaboration with psychologist Milton Metfessel and their use of film and photography to document black folk music. This chapter also emphasizes the resistance Odum faced from some black people during his fieldwork and how black writers like W.E.B. Du Bois and Zora Neale Hurston challenged his images of black southerners.
The Invention and Reinvention of Big Bill Broonzy
Authors: Greene Kevin D.
Published: September 2019

Between the turn of the twentieth century to his death in 1958, William “Big Bill Broonzy” was one of the most successful and recorded bluesmen of the period. Widley regarded as the most important of all pre-WWII blues artists, Broonzy’s long and remarkable career offer a glimpse into the development of African American celebrity within modern American history. Big Bill, in conjunction with and sometimes in opposition against a host of promoters, producers, academicians, and audiences, invented and reinvented his identity across his career in a remarkably fluid way. Each audience and generation brought its own expectations with them as they consumed Big Bill’s music and discovered his humanity. Broonzy’s long and unapparelled career stemmed from his ability to recognize these expectations, use them to his own advantage, and, in turn, transform his self-presentation and evolving black consciousness into modern celebrity.
Big Bill Broonzy
Authors: Greene Kevin D.
Published: September 2019

While touring Europe through the 1950s, Big Bill became a legendary musician whose music and history mesmerized European audiences in the UK and on the continent. Although successful, his tours there added frustrations and created personal relationships that would stay with him until the end of his life. In Holland, he met a young Dutch theatre costume designer with whom he fell in love and produced a son. From the early 1950s to his death in 1958, Big Bill would try to maintain his relationship with Pim van Isveldt while balancing the significant changes in his career and a wife back home in Chicago. Broonzy crafted celebrity in Europe that moved beyond the United States’ racial boundaries, eventually becoming an iconic figure for black music during the decade even if he had been marginalized within the folk music revival and changing music landscape back home.
Escaping the Folk
Authors: Greene Kevin D.
Published: September 2019

Since 1955, when a Belgian jazz writer helped scribe the first book investigating Big Bill’s life and music, dozens of artists, scholars, journalists, and enthusiasts have left a long trail of written work dedicated to Broonzy and his past. Well into the twenty-first century, this trend continues. These brokers of Broonzy’s life, music, and public memory have shaped and reshaped his story reflecting each respective generation’s own understandings of race, celebrity, blues music, and the black experience in the United States, among other themes. In a sense, Broonzy has become a cipher for unlocking important questions about authenticity, folklore, black identity, music history, and more to a large field of predominately white authors. For nearly sixty-five years, Big Bill and his history pop up along a long trajectory of studies that have viewed him as an object of intrigue and mystery rather than how he wanted to be remembered. Big Bill was an African American, pre-war, pop music celebrity who built and reached the height of that celebrity recording and performing for black audiences. Unearthing his vague, working class past has prevented history from accepting Big Bill for what he was—an agent of black modernity.
This War Ain't Over
Authors: Silber Nina
Published: September 2019

The New Deal era witnessed a surprising surge in popular engagement with the history and memory of the Civil War era. From the omnipresent book and film Gone with the Wind and the scores of popular theater productions to Aaron Copeland's "A Lincoln Portrait," it was hard to miss America's fascination with the war in the 1930s and 1940s. Nina Silber deftly examines the often conflicting and politically contentious ways in which Americans remembered the Civil War era during the years of the Depression, the New Deal, and World War II. In doing so, she reveals how the debates and events of that earlier period resonated so profoundly with New Deal rhetoric about state power, emerging civil rights activism, labor organizing and trade unionism, and popular culture in wartime.
At the heart of this book is an examination of how historical memory offers people a means of understanding and defining themselves in the present. Silber reveals how, during a moment of enormous national turmoil, the events and personages of the Civil War provided a framework for reassessing national identity, class conflict, and racial and ethnic division. The New Deal era may have been the first time Civil War memory loomed so large for the nation as a whole, but, as the present moment suggests, it was hardly the last.
Introduction
Authors: Silber Nina
Published: September 2019

This introduction lays out the book’s central objective: to explore why Americans returned to the Civil War throughout the New Deal years. The Civil War offered a prism for exploring the emotional upheaval people experienced in light of the Depression; the political debates that swirled around the state-building initiatives of the New Deal; and struggles over race and civil rights. Also explored here is the evolution of this book, including personal and familial influences on the author.
Biomedicalization and the Practice of Culture
Authors: Armstrong-Hough Mari
Published: September 2019

Over the last twenty years, type 2 diabetes skyrocketed to the forefront of global public health concern. In this book, Mari Armstrong-Hough examines the rise in and response to the disease in two societies: the United States and Japan. Both societies have faced rising rates of diabetes, but their social and biomedical responses to its ascendance have diverged. To explain the emergence of these distinctive strategies, Armstrong-Hough argues that physicians act not only on increasingly globalized professional standards but also on local knowledge, explanatory models, and cultural toolkits. As a result, strategies for clinical management diverge sharply from one country to another. Armstrong-Hough demonstrates how distinctive practices endure in the midst of intensifying biomedicalization, both on the part of patients and on the part of physicians, and how these differences grow from broader cultural narratives about diabetes in each setting.
Introduction
Authors: Armstrong-Hough Mari
Published: September 2019

This chapter introduces the type 2 diabetes epidemics of Japan and the United States, noting national differences in response to the epidemics among medical, public health, and patient communities. It summarizes the tradition of approaching medicine as a social enterprise in the social sciences, describes the organization of the book, and motivates its central theoretical and empirical questions.
Your Diabetes
Authors: Armstrong-Hough Mari
Published: September 2019

This chapter uses interview data with American health care providers to examine clinicians’ strategies for negotiating with patients to elicit cooperation and participation in their own self-management. It argues that physicians in both countries switch between different models of the provider-patient relationship as they see fit to the situation. The American providers stressed that, ultimately, responsibility for managing the disease rested with the patient. However, they were markedly pessimistic about their patients’ capacity for change and likely course of disease progression. Providers’ low expectations and pessimism contributed to a preference for small, simple lifestyle changes in combination with medication rather than bold lifestyle change.
Introduction
Authors: Felker-Kantor Max
Published: September 2019

Between the 1960s and 1990s, the police power in Los Angeles intensified. Police power was not incidental or supplemental, but constitutive of postwar city politics and authority. The introduction outlines the central question of the book: how and why this could happen after the Watts uprising of 1965 exposed the racism at the heart of the police power, decades of pressure from an active anti–police abuse movement, and under the twenty-year rule of a liberal administration that sought to control and regulate police behavior. Tracing the racism at the heart of the police power reveals the historical consequences of expanded police authority. Relying on the police to manage social problems of crime, violence, and drugs led to disciplinary practices of surveillance, harassment, and arrest that criminalized and excluded African American and Latino/a residents. In the process, as antipolice activists pointed out and struggled against, the police often deemed residents of color as not only potential threats to the public welfare but also unfit for full benefits of social membership in American society. Police practices thereby produced racialized definitions of criminality and enforced the city’s hierarchical racial order. As a result, the struggle over policing structured and exacerbated deep cleavages in American cities over race, citizenship, politics, and state power.
The Rap Sheet
Authors: Felker-Kantor Max
Published: September 2019

The LAPD’s ability to maintain its independent partisan power in the face of procedural reforms and antipolice protest rested on its intelligence operations. Police spying, this chapter shows, targeted groups that challenged the status quo, none more so than anti–police abuse activists and movements for racial justice, using a capacious definition of “disorder.” But these same groups exposed the Public Disorder Intelligence Division’s surveillance operations (previously known as the Red Squad), leading to new regulations on the department’s activities, the end of the PDID, and the establishment of the department’s new intelligence unit, the Anti-Terrorist Division. The reforms, however, did not change the underlying power relations between the police and residents.
Voices of Thunder
Authors: Wall Cheryl A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter accounts for the centrality of nineteenth-century black oral culture to the development of the essay as a distinct African American literary genre. The author illustrates how the sermons and orations of nineteenth-century men and women such as David Walker, Maria Stewart, Henry Highland Garnet, Frances Harper, and Fredrick Douglass laid the foundation for the African American essay. It is shown how these authors combined accounts of their personal experience with traditions of oral performance. Because the line between the spoken and written word was blurred by nineteenth-century conventions, these authors blended various rhetorical and performance strategies to shape the art of the essay. In doing so, these writers became “voices of thunder.”The essayists discussed in this chapter used biblical references and appropriated democratic discourse to advance anti-slavery agendas. They appropriated the rhetoric of the founding documents of the American republic and remade them into the rhetoric of counterrevolution. Their works emphasized the material realities of life in America for blacks, both enslaved and free. Their expressions of freedom, and the rhetorical strategies they modelled informed the work of their literary descendants.
Epilogue
Authors: Wall Cheryl A.
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers the status of the essay in the twenty-first century as it shifts its medium from print to digital. It is argued that given the ability for the essay to speak to moments of political and social crisis, comment on and define aesthetic debates, and reflect on the meaning of individual and collective identities, it remains a crucial genre for twenty-first century African American authors. Through analyzing the work of Brittney Cooper and Ta-Nehisi Coates amongst others, this chapter illustrates how black essayists continue to work through the subject of freedom and express the will to adorn. Deploying the vernacular process, one inflected with a hip-hop beat, these authors blur the line between the digital and print, and continue to highlight the centrality of the essay to the African American literary tradition.
Literary Indians
Authors: Calcaterra Angela
Published: September 2019

Although cross-cultural encounter is often considered an economic or political matter, beauty, taste, and artistry were central to cultural exchange and political negotiation in early and nineteenth-century America. Part of a new wave of scholarship in early American studies that contextualizes American writing in Indigenous space, Literary Indians highlights the significance of Indigenous aesthetic practices to American literary production. Countering the prevailing notion of the “literary Indian” as a construct of the white American literary imagination, Angela Calcaterra reveals how Native people’s pre-existing and evolving aesthetic practices influenced Anglo-American writing in precise ways. Indigenous aesthetics helped to establish borders and foster alliances that pushed against Anglo-American settlement practices and contributed to the discursive, divided, unfinished aspects of American letters. Focusing on tribal histories and Indigenous artistry, Calcaterra locates surprising connections and important distinctions between Native and Anglo-American literary aesthetics in a new history of early American encounter, identity, literature, and culture.
Afterword
Authors: Calcaterra Angela
Published: September 2019

With a brief discussion of contemporary Indigenous dancing, the afterword reiterates that Native aesthetic practices have long been and remain a means of fostering tribal, national, and trans-Indigenous consciousness, as well as making purposeful connections with and distinctions from outsiders.
October 1966
Authors: Obrecht Jas
Published: September 2019

Jimi Hendrix rapidly establishes his presence in Britain’s burgeoning musical scene by “head-cutting” a stunned Eric Clapton during an onstage jam session with Cream. Drummer Mitch Mitchell agrees to join the Experience, and the trio begin rehearsals; this section includes details about the musician’s guitars, basses, strings, picks, effects devices, and Marshall amplification. Prior to embarking on the Experience’s first tour, Hendrix signs the first of several exploitive contracts with Michael Jeffery. During their tour of France, the musicians share hashish, Captagon, and other drugs and earn mixed – and sometimes racist -- reviews in French newspapers. After their triumphant appearance at the Paris Olympia, they return to London and record their first single, “Hey Joe.” In search of a song to put on the 45’s flip-side, Jimi begins songwriting in earnest.
January 1967
Authors: Obrecht Jas
Published: September 2019

Jimi’s onstage antics bring him widespread coverage and interview opportunities in Record Mirror, New Musical Express (NME), Disc and Music Echo, and other British music magazines. The band tours extensively outside of London and gains further exposure through their records being played by pirate radio stations and Radio Luxemburg. A row about Kathy Etchingham’s cooking inspires Jimi to compose “The Wind Cries Mary,” which the band records in a single session the following day. As the month progresses, the Experience record “Purple Haze,” “51st Anniversary,” “Fire.” A who’s-who of British rock musicians – the Beatles, Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, Marianne Faithfull, and Donovan among them – regularly attend the Experience’s London performances. Staid British publications begin refering to Jimi with the racist term “Wild Man of Borneo.” In a series of interviews, some fuelled by his consumption of LSD, Jimi discuss his life, songwriting techniques, fears, loves, and spiritual beliefs. At month’s end, the Experience are filmed at the Saville Theatre.
Sister Gertrude Morgan
Authors: Berry Jason
Published: September 2019

By the 1930s, civic leaders were promoting New Orleans as a tourist destination while the city lurched toward bankruptcy. As the city continued to develop through the 20th century, it became a melting pot of diverse cultures and a mecca for bohemians and LGBTQ people. Gay bars prospered in the French Quarter, and jazz clubs hired integrated bands.
Sister Gertrude Morgan was a self-appointed missionary and preacher, Bride of Christ, artist, musician, poet, and writer of profound religious faith. After a revelation in 1934, she decided to travel to New Orleans to evangelize. In the late 1950s, she began singing on French Quarter corners, playing the guitar and tambourine, and selling her paintings. Her work caught the attention of art dealer Larry Borenstein, who helped launch her career as an artist.
Borenstein came from a family of Russian Jews in Milwaukee. He worked in a wide variety of jobs in his youth, eventually settling in New Orleans and expanding into real estate and art dealership. He made friends with members of the gay community, artists, and musicians, and helped found the Preservation Hall jazz club.
Using core and outcrop analogues to predict flow pathways in the subsurface: examples from the Triassic sandstones of north Cheshire, UK
Authors: Thompson Joanna , Parkes Daniel , Hough Edward , Wakefield Oliver
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Borehole core provides detailed vertical data which is used to interpret
subsurface sand body architectures, but assumptions are made on the
relationship between the lateral and vertical thickness, and the
interconnectivity of units. The sedimentological complexity of the Sherwood
Sandstone Group succession in this area, passing between aeolian and fluvial
packages creates local- to regional-scale heterogeneities which will impact
flow pathways within the rockmass. Measured thickness in boreholes might
represent an architectural element's true maximum thickness or more likely,
a partial thickness as a result of incision by overlying facies types or as
a result of the borehole sitting towards the margins of individual elements
(e.g. tapering margin of channel elements). Length and thickness data were
measured from a suite of primary core data and secondary published outcrop
studies in north-west England. The addition of outcrop studies in
combination with the borehole data provides a dataset from which the likely
lateral extent of the architectural frameworks within the Triassic
sandstones can be extrapolated. The interpreted high resolution sub-seismic
architecture contributes to an increased understanding of flow pathways and
the effect these may have on groundwater as well as sustainable energy
technologies such as low-temperature geothermal aquifers, carbon storage and
energy storage.
A machine learning joint lidar and radar classification system in urban automotive scenarios
Authors: Pérez Rodrigo , Schubert Falk , Rasshofer Ralph , Biebl Erwin
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This work presents an approach to classify road users as pedestrians, cyclists or cars using a lidar sensor and a radar sensor. The lidar is used to detect moving road users in the surroundings of the car. A 2-dimensional range-Doppler window, a so called region of interest, of the radar power spectrum centered at the object's position is cut out and fed into a convolutional neural network to be classified. With this approach it is possible to classify multiple moving objects within a single radar measurement frame. The convolutional neural network is trained using data gathered with a test vehicle in real urban scenarios. An overall classification accuracy as high as 0.91 is achieved with this approach. The accuracy can be improved to 0.94 after applying a discrete Bayes filter on top of the classifier.
Fast post-Doppler STAP with road map for traffic monitoring: overview and first results
Authors: da Silva André B. C. , Baumgartner Stefan V. , Moreira Alberto
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an efficient solution for road traffic monitoring due to its high spatial resolution and independence from daylight and weather conditions. In this sense, a number of ground moving target indication (GMTI) algorithms have been developed, whereas their robustness is often achieved with high costs, increased hardware complexity and high computational burden. This paper presents a fast GMTI processor that blends the powerful post-Doppler space-time adaptive processing (PD STAP) with an a priori known road map and digital elevation model (DEM). The algorithm presents great potential for real-time processing, decreased hardware complexity and low costs compared to state-of-the-art systems. It is tested using real 4-channel X-band radar data acquired with the DLR's airborne F-SAR.
Singularity Expansion Method for thin wires and the Method of Modal Parameters
Authors: Tkachenko Sergey V. , Nitsch Juergen B. , Middelstaedt Felix , Rambousky Ronald , Schaarschmidt Martin , Vick Ralf
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Here, we describe a technique to define the Singularity
Expansion Method (SEM) poles for short-circuited thin-wire structures
developed using the Method of Modal Parameters (MoMP). The MoMP method
consists of in the expansion of the system of mixed-potential integral
equations (MPIE) into the Fourier series, including the kernels containing
Green's function. Corresponding equations for Fourier modes contain infinite
matrices of p.u.l. inductance and capacitance, and the solution for current
can be obtained using the infinity matrix of p.u.l. impedance. The SEM poles
are given by the zeros of the determinant of this matrix. For the case of
the symmetrical circular loop, this equation transforms to one well-know
from the literature. Numerical investigation of solutions for the poles of
the first layer has shown good agreement with previously obtained analytical
and numerical results for different wire configurations.
Dielectric corner reflectors for mmWave applications
Authors: Buchberger Christian , Pfeiffer Florian , Biebl Erwin
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Using dielectrics instead of conventional metallic structures, this article investigates the properties of the proposed dielectric corner reflectors for use in a number of millimeter wave (mmWave) applications. Material characterizations of different typical plastics using transmission measurements are presented, as well as an analysis of their respective radar cross section (RCS) when used as corner reflectors. They exhibit similar behavior as conventional metallic ones, while intrinsic dielectric losses reduce the overall RCS. Additionally, two use cases are presented. One shows the potential capabilities by combining a dielectric with a metallic corner reflector to increase its opening angle. The other gives rise to the possibility of using several single dielectric reflectors in array configurations to further increase the overall RCS, while introducing grating lobes.
Estimation of ionospheric reflection height using long wave propagation
Authors: Keuer Dieter
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Phase height measurements of low frequency radio waves
are used to study the long-term variability of the mesosphere over Europe.
Phase height measurements use a characteristic pattern in field strength
registration of radio waves interpreted as phase relations between sky wave
and surface wave to obtain the apparent height of the reflection point, the
Standard Phase Height (SPH). Based on this SPH-method a homogenized daily
series was generated since 1959 at Kühlungsborn. Improvements of the
measuring method show that the signal is significantly influenced by lower
atmospheric layers. Mesospheric reflection is not the exclusive source of
the measured behavior. Tropospheric influence can not be neglected. Taking
this into account one has to conclude that the strong coherency of the SPH
data to mesospheric heights is not as significant as previously assumed.
Design of leaky-wave antennas with transverse slots for end-fire radiation with optimized radiation efficiency
Authors: Vaupel Thomas , Löcker Claudius
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with transverse
slots on the top plane can be used to design an effective leaky-wave antenna
with good frequency beam-scanning and platform integration capability. For a
main beam near end-fire, the phase constant of the radiating wave must be
near to the free space wavenumber or slightly larger. In this context, the
modified Hansen-Woodyard condition gives an optimum phase constant to
maximize the directivity at end-fire. For the analysis of the wave
propagation we have implemented a modal analysis for rectangular waveguides
with transverse slots. Near end-fire, three types of modal solutions exists,
a leaky improper mode, a surface wave mode and a proper waveguide mode. The
leaky mode can reach phase constants larger than the free space wavenumber
to fulfill the Hansen-Woodyard condition, but loses strongly its physical
significance in this slow wave region, thus the excitation of the leaky-wave
becomes negligible there, whereas the proper waveguide mode is dominant but
exhibits only a negligible radiation loss leading to a strong drop of the
antenna efficiency. Therefore, the optimum efficiency of 86 % for
maximizing the gain as proposed in the literature cannot be reached with
this kind of leaky wave antenna. But it will be shown in this contribution by analyzing antenna structures
with finite aperture lengths, that the efficiency can reach nearly 100 %
if the phase constant of the leaky-wave meets exactly the free space
wavenumber (ordinary end-fire condition) and the aperture length is adjusted
with regard to the attenuation constant of the leaky-wave from the modal
analysis. For a given aperture length, a procedure is outlined to adjust the
attenuation constant in several steps at the desired ordinary end-fire
frequency to reach maximum gain and efficiency.
Droughts in Bern and in Rouen from the 14th to the beginning of the 18th century derived from documentary evidence
Authors: Camenisch Chantal , Salvisberg Melanie
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Droughts derive from a deficit of precipitation and belong to the most dangerous natural hazards for human societies. Documentary data of the pre-modern and early modern times contain direct and indirect information on precipitation that allow the production of reconstructions with the methods of historical climatology. For this study, two drought indices have been created on the basis of documentary data produced in Bern, Switzerland (DIB) and in Rouen, France (DIR) for the period from 1315 to 1715. These two indices have been compared to a third supra-regional drought index for Switzerland (SDI), Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Belgium synthesised from precipitation reconstruction based on historical climatology. The results of the study show that the documentary data from Bern mainly contain summer droughts, whereas the data from Rouen rather allow the reconstruction of spring droughts. The comparison of the three indices shows that the DIB and the DIR most probably do not contain all actual drought events, but they also detect droughts that do not appear in the SDI. This fact suggests that more documentary data from single places, such as historical city archives, should be examined in the future and added to larger reconstructions in order to obtain more complete drought reconstructions.
The effect of reduction of NaCl content on selected parameters during ripening of cheese
Authors: Pachlová Vendula , Adámek Richard , Bučková Martina , Pleva Pavel , Moudrá Kateřina
Published: September 2019

The aim of this work was to observe chemical and physical changes in Dutch-type cheese during ripening depending on salt concentration. Ripening is one of the most important factors influencing the sensory quality of cheese and therefore the cheese production should be studied. Among the substances which are formed during ripening belong the biogenic amines which are produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids. These amino acids are created during proteolysis. The salt content largely affects the intensity of the ripening process, but also other cheese parameters such as dry matter content, hardness or content of biogenic amines. In the course of 3 months ripening of model cheeses with different cultures and with different salt content, the effect of the salt on pH, dry matter content, free amino acids and biogenic amines content and hardness was monitored. The concentration of NaCl affected the dry matter content and the hardness of the samples. The reduction in salt content contributes to the higher accumulation of biogenic amines during ripening.
Gender differences in consumer preferences when buying dairy products in Slovakia and Russia
Authors: Ubrežiová Iveta , Urbánová Mária , Kozáková Jana , Kráľová Tatiana
Published: September 2019

In spite of geographical and culture differences between examined countries, there can be found similarities in consumer behavior of men and woman and also the similar tendencies on the dairy product market. In the last decade different fields of science concerns with the topic of gender differences more frequently. The article is based on a research of consumers' overall attitude to dairy products in Slovakia and Russia. The important role of gender differences underlines the outcomes of the questionnaire survey. Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction was applied to verify the hypothesis whether there is a dependency between gender of the respondents and their attitude while choosing the dairy products in both countries. Analysis showed that in both countries women tend to buy dairy products more often than men. Also consumers prefer more domestic products, but Russian not as significantly as Slovakian. In both countries consumers consider the price of dairy products as high, but they don”™t outline the price as the most important factor when choosing dairy products. At the same time, both genders consider quality as the most important factor. These results indicate the existence of a niche at the Russian market, which could be used by Slovak dairy producers who can possibly penetrate Russian market. In addition, the similar marketing strategy for both, Slovak and Russian market can be used if the advertisement will be sensitively focused on the gender.
CONOCIMIENTOS, ACTITUDES Y PRÁCTICAS DE PACIENTES HIPERTENSOS EN SAN JOSÉ DE BOQUERÓN, JULIO 2018
Authors: Miranda Vilma Mercedes , Mejía Verdial Karen Gabriela , Mejía Verdial Diana Alejandra , Paredes Moreno Felipe Alejandro , López Orellana Dennisse Mariela , Romero Ramos José Efraín
Published: September 2019

La hipertensión es una causa mayor de discapacidad y muerte a nivel mundial. El conocimiento de los pacientes es un factor importante para modificar conceptos erróneos y el riesgo que constituye la hipertensión como condicionante de daño cardiovascular. Objetivo: Describir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de pacientes hiperten- sos de la comunidad de San José de Boque- rón, San Pedro Sula, julio del 2018. Pacien- tes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal cuantitativo. La muestra fue de 30 pacientes con hipertensión arterial, seleccionados a través de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una encuesta aplicada a pacientes hipertensos que cumplían con criterios de inclusión y contaban con un consentimiento informado. Los datos se tabularon mediante Microsoft Excel 2016. Resultados: 76.7% de los pacientes eran mujeres y 64% tenía más de 60 años. El 50% de los pacientes conocía sobre hipertensión arterial, 56.7% refieren que los tratamientos caseros superan a los medicamentos. Un 10% considera que el consumo de sal era mayor del requerimiento diario. El 36.7% no sigue ninguna dieta y 60% no realiza al menos 30 minutos de ejercicio diario. Conclusión: El conocimiento en la población de la comunidad de San José de Boquerón fue adecuado, sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre la hipertensión arterial y los parámetros normales de presión arterial sigue siendo insatisfactorios. Hay una actitud positiva de los pacientes sobre asistir a consulta con un médico y mayor confianza en la medicina alternativa que en los farmacos. El mayor déficit fue encontrado en las prácticas de dieta y ejercicio.
Bad Faith
Authors: Feffer Andrew
Published: September 2019

In late summer 1940, as war spread across Europe and as the nation pulled itself out of the Great Depression, an anticommunist hysteria convulsed New York City. Targeting the city’s municipal colleges and public schools, the state legislature’s Rapp-Coudert investigation dragged hundreds of suspects before public and private tribunals to root out a perceived communist conspiracy to hijack the city’s teachers unions, subvert public education, and indoctrinate the nation’s youth. This book recounts the history of this witch-hunt, which lasted from August 1940 to March 1942. Anticipating McCarthyism and making it possible, the episode would have repercussions for decades to come. In recapturing this moment in the history of pre-war anticommunism, Bad Faith challenges assumptions about the origins of McCarthyism, the liberal political tradition, and the role of anticommunism in modern American life. With roots in the city’s political culture, Rapp-Coudert enjoyed the support of not only conservatives but also key liberal reformers and intellectuals who, well before the Cold War raised threats to national security, joined in accusing communists of “bad faith” and branded them enemies of American democracy. Exploring fundamental schisms between liberals and communists, Bad Faith uncovers a dark, “counter-subversive” side of liberalism, which involved charges of misrepresentation, lying, and deception, and led many liberals to argue that the communist left should be excluded from American educational institutions and political life.
Introduction
Authors: Feffer Andrew
Published: September 2019

Bad Faith was conceived as a basic history of the Coudert inquisition, grounded in a systematic reading of the committee’s records, but also focuses on what that history reveals about the gravitational pull that anticommunism exerted on American political culture through the late twentieth century. Feffer has constructed the book accordingly, around the practical and ideological attachment of liberals to the investigation. The first section of the book starts with Rapp-Coudert’s public debut on that cold December morning when the committee held its first open hearings into communist subversion at BC. The second section of the book is a flashback to the early 1930s and the origins of the probe, as the Depression heightened conflicts over schooling in New York City, deepening already- strong hostilities that pitted liberals and social democrats in the teachers union against teacher-activists involved in the growing communist movement. Part III returns to the immediate context of the Coudert probe and chronicles the Coudert investigation’s next and most sensational phase, which unfolded in spring 1941—namely, the probe of communist activism at CCNY that forced out dozens of faculty and staff from the municipal colleges.
The Threshold
Authors: Feffer Andrew
Published: September 2019

This chapter covers the first public hearings of the Rapp-Coudert investigation, held in December 1940 and directed by liberal Paul Windels, protégé of reformer and Fusion activist Judge Samuel Seabury. Though challenged by the teachers unions (Locals 5 and 537 of the American Federation of Teachers) and civil libertarians, Windels unfolded a sophisticated witch-hunt based on the investigative powers of the state legislature. Violating fundamental constitutional rights, including those protected by the First and Fifth Amendments, Windels forced teachers to lie about their political associations in order to avoid fingering friends and colleagues while under oath. Meanwhile, Windels built a case against the Communist party based on his and others misrepresentations—a “countersubversive” myth that teachers used their classrooms to propagandize for the party and to subvert American democracy
Aftermath
Authors: Feffer Andrew
Published: September 2019

This chapter recounts the upshot of the investigation, including its final report delivered in March 1942, and the fate of the principle investigators and victims of the probe.
Extreme Wisdom,Groundless Compassion
Authors: Heim S. Mark
Published: September 2019

This chapter completes the exposition of the bodhisattva path as outlined in the Bodhicaryāvatāra, covering chapters eight through ten. This includes a review of the role of various meditative practices, particularly “exchanging self and others.” An exploration of chapter nine, the “wisdom chapter,” lays out some of the more sophisticated issues in intra-Buddhist discussion regarding the nature of nirvana and the role of the bodhisattva.
How Do Buddhas Help?
Authors: Heim S. Mark
Published: September 2019

This chapter directly addresses the soteriological question: how do bodhisattvas help other beings and how might this affect how Christians understand the work of Christ and the life of the disciple? Attention is given particularly to the variety of concrete bodhisattva figures in Buddhist tradition and to specific forms of practice. Discussion is focused on a class of Tibetan Buddhist meditation practices related to innate compassion—“benefactor practices”—and their significance for Christian understanding and learning.
Decolonial Love
Authors: Drexler-Dreis Joseph
Published: September 2019

This book raises the question of what it means to engage in theological reflection in an authentic way in the present context of global coloniality. In response to the historical manifestations of the coloniality of power on the levels of being, knowledge, and eschatology, it searches for a decolonized image of salvation that can unsettle historical structures of coloniality. The book starts by analyzing modern/colonial structures that shape the present context and the ways Christian theology is entangled in these structures. I then argues that the theological work of Ignacio Ellacuría and Jon Sobrino points to the theoretical possibility of a theology that contests the patterns of domination that continue after political decolonization. Using the work of Ellacuría and Sobrino, it turns to the ways Frantz Fanon and James Baldwin responded to colonial modernity by exposing idols and revealing illusionary notions of stasis in light of alternative commitments to orientations of decolonial love. This decolonial love, and the ways it is historicized in praxis, is perceived as violent from the perspective of Western modernity. This book argues that the orientations of decolonial from which Fanon and Baldwin operate break open cracks in Western modernity and make salvation present in history. Decolonial love thus becomes theologically pedagogic—that is, it provides a source from which to make theological claims. Decolonial love offers one way of doing theology and one way of shaping the content of a decolonized image of salvation.
The Theological Pedagogy of Frantz Fanon and James Baldwin
Authors: Drexler-Dreis Joseph
Published: September 2019

The ways Fanon and Baldwin live out orientations of decolonial provides an intellective praxis, epistemic framework, and content that can be “theologically pedagogic,” to use a term from Marcella Althaus-Reid. Decolonial love, as an orientation by which to make sense of one’s place in the world and face up to reality, offers a way of understanding an encounter with a divine reality. As such, decolonial love provides a basis from which to expose idolatry and construct theological knowledge and images. This chapter first considers how decolonial love can inform a way of thinking theologically. Understanding decolonial love as a theologically pedagogic site that exceeds modern rationalities establishes the possibility to, in a second section of the chapter, situate a decolonized theological image of salvation within understandings of revelation and history shaped by decolonial love.
Decolonizing Salvation
Authors: Drexler-Dreis Joseph
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on theologies of salvation oriented toward liberation in order to establish resources for a decolonized image of salvation, or an image of salvation that unsettles the coloniality of power and that offers an alternative way of being, way thinking, and eschatology. The chapter proceeds by first mapping three soteriologies oriented toward liberation, from Ignacio Ellacuría, Ivone Gebara, and Marcella Althaus-Reid. It then reads these theologies of salvation through orientations of decolonial love, and vice versa, in view of presenting decolonial love as a locus of salvation. This raises a question regarding norms within decolonial love and salvation, specifically how the violence and conflict embedded within decolonial love relates to salvation, which the chapter addresses in the final section. Salvation as decolonial love, it argues, includes both a posture of violence toward Western modernity, and within this, a letting go of a stake within Western modernity, on the one hand, and an encounter with and commitment to an eschatological reality, on the other.
What happens to old modes of cognition when new ones are introduced during trance and other transitions?
Authors: Even-Ezra Ayelet
Published: September 2019

Chapter 5 examines the intense queries of the masters about whether previous modes of cognition remain when a new one is introduced, when entering trance, or during less dramatic transitions, such as learning a proof for what was formerly only believed. It explores the varying solutions proposed to this problem in which Aristotle’s model of knowledge and dependent sciences was employed. The chapter refines the earlier conclusion about the perception of the self implied in the discussions of a person's ability to hold to two different, contradicting, habitus (pl.) and interprets it against two challenges university theologians faced: professional scholars’ need to distinguish themselves from simple believers and the need to hold to the ideal of simplicity in the face of sophistication, that is, to be simultaneously simple and learned. This difficult reconciliation and its implications for the perception of a man's social performance are then shown to have been particularly relevant to the conflicts over learning and simplicity among the Franciscans of the first and second generations.
The Cadence of Consent: Francis Barton Gummere, Lyric Rhythm, and White Poetics
Authors: Jackson Virginia
Published: September 2019

In American poetics, lyric and rhythm share a history—and since this is America, it is a racialized history. This essay considers Francis Barton Gummere’s contributions to that history. Although most Anglo-American literary critics have never heard of Gummere, many of the assumptions of that criticism were first articulated by him between 1891 and 1911. By returning to Gummere’s now historically obscure logic, we might begin to trace the overdetermined origins of current critical versions of lyric rhythm as natural culture and to imagine an alternative history of American poetics, a history of the poetics of rhythm not modeled on naturalized (and thus racialized) concepts of culture, on English prosody, or on common sense; an alternative that acknowledges the contradictions of any notion of a shared Anglo-American rhythm or shared Anglo-American poetry, a history in which the idea of rhythm remains central, but central as symptom rather than central as solution.
The Rhythms of the English Dolnik
Authors: Attridge Derek
Published: September 2019

This essay starts by illustrating the difference between accentual-syllabic meter in English and the popular form of four-beat verse, or dolnik, by means of a comparison between poems by Thomas Wyatt in both forms. Some of the characteristics of dolnik are discussed, including its easily felt rhythmic base and its expressive flexibility, illustrated by the rhythms of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s “Inversnaid.” To allow for a fuller description of dolnik meter than has hitherto been available, a distinction is drawn between two types of dolnik, one fundamentally duple in its rhythm and the other triple. Nursery rhymes provide clear examples of these alternative rhythms, including the possibility that a single poem can be read in either manner. Recognizing this distinction allows for a more detailed account of the rhythms of “Inversnaid” than can be achieved with traditional prosodic approaches; further evidence of this is provided by analyses of poems by Tennyson and Blake.
How We Might Live
Authors: Morgan Benjamin
Published: September 2019

This essay argues that a proliferation of utopias focusing on a return to nature beginning around 1870—represented here by William Morris’ s News from Nowhere (1890) and Samuel Butler’ s Erewhon (1872)—are significant less because they voiced opposition to ongoing processes of industrialization and colonialism than for their capacity to explore and often undermine a dualism of nature and society. Reading Morris and Butler together counters a usual interpretation of Morris’ s utopia as “pastoral”: like Erewhon, which Morris admired, News from Nowhere is largely skeptical of the idea of “pure” or “nonhuman” nature. More generally, this essay proposes that utopianism is significant for past and present ecological thought not because of the content of its wish, but as a formal structure capable of investigating interactions between human and nonhuman systems at multiple scales.