bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Hole Burning in the Soret Absorption Band of Zinc-tetrabenzoporphin Derivative by Two-photon Excitation
Authors: Vacha Martin , Machida Shinjiro , Horie Kazuyuki
Published: February 2023

Line-narrowing spectroscopic techniques, such as site-selection spectroscopy (fluorescence line narrowing) and spectral hole burning, have, to our knowledge, so far failed to eliminate the effect of inhomogeneous broadening of optical transitions to the second and/or higher excited singlet electronic states (Soret absorption band) of porphin-type dyes in low temperature matrices, mainly due to: (1) Perturbations between different electronic states and resulting broadening of the homogeneous spectral bands [1], and (2) Increasing density of vibronic states with increasing transition energy and lack of correlation between individual states of different molecules. However, in a class of porphin derivatives - free-base and metallotetrabenzoporhines (TBP) - the former effects are substantially reduced. As a result, quasiline structure of S0-S2 transitions of ZnTBP in an Ar matrix [2], and later of ZnTBP in supersonic expansions [3] were observed. Further, fluorescence from S2 state of ZnTBP [2,4] and recently also of Zn-tetratolyl-TBP [5] and Zn-TPP [6] were reported.
Room Temperature Hole-Burning in Sm2+-doped Borate Glasses
Authors: Hirao K.
Published: February 2023

Recently, the interests in optical memory based on persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) are increased because of its possibility of the application to high density optical memory. PSHB was observed for an organic dye doped in polymer and rear earth or transition metal doped in inorganic crystal or glasses up to now. Since PSHB was observed by two Russian groups (Gorokhovskii et al. and Kharlamov et al.) for free base phthalocyanine in a n-octane Shpol'skii matrix1 and for perylene and 9-aminoacridine molecules in glassy ethanol matrix2, PSHB materials are studied primarily for the polymer doped with an organic dye. But such materials can make hole only at very low temperature. Room temperature PSHB phenomena were observed on Sm2+ doped fluoride crystals3-5 and glasses6 recently, however these materials' Гih(inhomogeneous line width)/Гh(homogeneous line width)'s which are the parameters of data multiplicity in PSHB optical memory are an order of unity. For the application of PSHB materials to optical memory, high operating temperature, high Гih/Гh, and rapid reaction rate are wanted. Glass has a superiority on the view point of optical memory application because of its broad inhomogeneous line width and productivity. Our group has discovered room temperature PSHB for Sm2+ in borate glass systems whose Гih/Гh is 24.7 PSHB for rear earth metal in glass matrix has not been studied seriously, yet. It is thought that the study of the relationship between the optical hole and glass structure is necessary.
Recent Advances in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Vibrational Modes, Improved Saturation Analysis, and Near-Field Excitation at Low Temperatures
Authors: Moerner W.E. , Myers A.B. , Tchénio P. , Pohl D. , Hecht B. , Plakhotnik T. , Irngartinger T. , Wild U.P.
Published: February 2023

This talk describes three topics in single-molecule spectroscopy in solids, the observation of the vibrational modes of a single molecule, an improved analysis of the saturation behavior, and progress toward near-field single-molecule spectroscopy at low temperatures.
Single Molecule Spectroscopy of Novel Crystalline and Polymeric Systems
Authors: Basché Th. , Kummer S. , Kettner R. , Tittel J. , Bräuchle C.
Published: February 2023

Single molecule spectroscopy in solids at low temperature is a very rapidly growing field which due to the sensitivity of a single molecule to its truly local environment yields new insights in the structure and dynamics of crystalline and amorphous solids [1,2]. In the first years of SMS a lot of different experimental techniques have been applied to only a few well selected systems. These were the mixed crystalline system pentacene in p-terphenyl, and perylene and terrylene in poly(ethylene). Very recently, it was recognized by several groups that it is important to find new systems to demonstrate the more general applicability of this new and exciting spectroscopy. While there are several - well known - stringent requirements for any specific system to observe single molecule spectra with the fluorescence excitation technique, recent successful experiments proved that there is still a wide variety of systems where SMS can be pursued. Two new systems introduced lately were terrylene in the Shpol’skii matrix hexadecane [3] and Rhodamine 640 in (poly)ethylene [4]. In our group we investigated new crystalline as well as new polymeric systems.
Single Spin-Single Molecule Detection
Authors: von Borczyskowski C. , Wrachtrup J. , Bernard J. , Brown R. , Orrit M.
Published: February 2023

Recently magnetic resonance on single molecules has been successful. A detailed overview including investigations with steady state electron spin resonance and coherent experiments with single electron spins will be presented.
Zero-Phonon Line as the Corner Stone of Single Impurity Center Spectroscopy
Authors: Rebane Karl K.
Published: February 2023

1. In conventional optical addressing the diffraction limit λ3 selects a body about 1010 molecules to be under illumination. Out of them 104 are impurities, if their relative concentration is 10-6. Single impurity molecule spectroscopy (SMS) has to deal with one molecule at the back-ground of 1010molecules, whose frequencies are out of resonance with the excitation by a few thousands of cm-1 (the host molecules) and 104 molecules in the inhomogeneous impurity band distributed over about 1-1000 cm-1 around the resonance. The single molecule subject to SMS (which is really a spectroscopy, not only detection) must have a sharp and intense absorption line towering well above the spectral background created by the other 1010 molecules under illumination [1,2]. The purely electronic zero-phonon line (ZPL), “the optical analog of the Mossbauer γ-resonance line” ([3] and references therein) is a proper candidate to that role.
The Study on Spectral Hole Burning Rate in BaFCl0.5Br0.5: Sm2+
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Song Hongwei , Zhao Yu , Tian Mingzhen , Dou Kai , Huang Shihua , Yu Jiaqi
Published: February 2023

In Sm2+ doped alkline earth halides, hole burning process is two step photoionization of Sm2+ following electron trapping [1]. The first step is using burning laser to excite electron of Sm2+ from the ground state 7F0 to the excited energy level 5DJ. The second step is using gating laser to excite the electron from the 5DJ level to the conduction band, where the free electron will be captured either by trap or by the ionized Sm2+ ion again. The overall process depends on the factors: excitation rate, the trapping rate and the recombination rate.
Photochemical Hole Burning and Debye-Waller Factor in Polyvinylalcohol doped with Ionic Porphyrins
Authors: Sakoda Kazuaki , Maeda Masayuki
Published: February 2023

Photochemical holes can be burned at relatively high temperatures in the Qx band of a free base porphyrin with ionic substituents when the molecule is dispersed in polyvinylalcohol (PVA) [1-2]. This characteristics of the porphyrin-PVA system is due to the facts that the Debye-Waller factor is relatively large [3] and the thermally activated backward reaction is small [4], Figure 1(a) shows one of such porphyrin molecules, TCPP(Na). The large Debye-Waller factor in porphyrin-PVA system is a direct consequence of a high mean phonon frequency. The typical phonon energy of the porphyrin-PVA system, which was determined as the energy deference between the zero-phonon hole and the bottom of the side hole, is as large as 25 cm–1. According to ref. 3, the Debye-Waller factor f(T) of porphyrin-PVA system is well represented by one-phonon approximation.
Low-Temperature Spectroscopy of Chromophores in Geometrically Restricted Amorphous Phases
Authors: Deeg F.W. , Kindervater H.W. , Bräuchle C.
Published: February 2023

Recent low-temperature spectroscopic studies of chromophores encapsulated in the Å-scale porous cage and channel structures of inorganic molecular sieves have revealed a number of properties absent for chromophors in solid bulk solutions. For example, thionine in a dehydrated zeolite-Y exhibits two distinguishable ground state forms which are associated with a reorientation of the chromophor with respect to the surrounding zeolite cage [1]. This additional degree of freedom which depends on specific relationship between the size of the molecular guest and void of the host gives rise to a new kind of low-temperature photochemistry. In general, however, spectral hole-burning is only feasible if the pores of the molecular sieve are filled with solvent as additional coadsorbate. In samples of this kind the coadsorbate acts as an amorphous solvent shell containing two-level systems (TLSs) which gives rise to non-photochemical hole-burning similar to bulk amorphous systems. In fact, a phthalocyanine-zinc derivative embedded in a hydrated AIPO4-5 molecular sieve allow efficient hole formation up to 80 K, the highest temperature for which stable non-photochemical holes have been reported so far [2].
Optically Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Co2+ in LiGa5O8
Authors: Wannemacher R. , Magnien S. , Grill W.
Published: February 2023

Optical spectral hole-burning has proven to be a valuable tool for the detection of hyperfine [1] as well as superhyperfine [2] interactions in ground and optically excited states of rare earth ions. In cases where the hole-burning mechanism is population storage in hyperfine or superhyperfine levels of the electronic ground state, the application of an rf-magnetic field resonant with the splittings changes the depth of the spectral hole, which can be monitored either in absorption or in fluorescence [3]. This double resonance technique, commonly termed 'Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance', ODMR (for an overview of applications to rare earth ions see [1]), is in principle able to detect hyperfine as well as superhyperfine [4] splittings of ground and excited [5] states separately. Moreover, the resolution of this technique is determined by the linewidth of the nuclear magnetic resonance and not by the laser linewidth, which only needs to be smaller than the splittings in order to enable spectral hole-burning.
Coupled-Mode Analysis of Chirped Phased-Array Semiconductor Lasers.
Authors: Osiński Marek , Streifer William , Hardy Amos
Published: February 2023

Many applications of high-power phased-array diode lasers require the laser emission to have a single-lobe, narrow far-field pattern. Only the lowest-order supermode has this property, hence all higher-order array modes should be suppressed. Considerable attention has been given to phased arrays with variable channel width [1] or nonuniform spacing [2]. Such chirped arrays have been considered in search of a design that might result in stable, lowest-order supermode operation. We have recently reported results of coupled-mode analysis for uniform arrays as well as chirped arrays with linear, triangular, and saw-tooth profiles [3]. This paper complements the previous work in that a number of new designs is considered. In particular, we examine for the first time the effects of simultaneously varying the channel width and spacing in the same array.
Injection-Seeding Studies of Diode Laser Array Behavior
Authors: Hohimer J. P. , Hadley G. R. , Owyoung A.
Published: February 2023

The recent development of high-power diode laser arrays has motivated considerable experimental and theoretical work aimed at understanding the behavior of these devices and improving their operating characteristics. Previous experimental techniques for studying the behavior of diode arrays have concentrated largely on examining the near- and far-field emission patterns of free-running devices. By spectrally resolving these emission patterns, as many as five distinct "supermodes" have been shown to simultaneously oscillate in an array operating 20% above threshold. 1,2 External grating cavities have also been used with anti-reflection coated arrays to force oscillation in various array modes and to show that modes of order higher than the number of gain stripes can exist in gain-guided arrays.3,4
Recent Progress in Surface-Emitting Lasers
Authors: Iga K. , Uchiyama S. , Kinoshita S. , Koyama F.
Published: February 2023

To reduce the threshold current of surface emitting (SE) lasers, it was tried to introduce some circular buried heterostructures (CBH). In this paper, we present some recent results on CBH GaInAsP/InP and GaAIAs/GaAs SE lasers.
Facebook addiction and its related factors among medical students; a cross- sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md Rizwanul , Haque Md. Jawadul , Akhter Shahnaz , Ahmed Helal Uddin
Published: February 2023

There is mounting evidence that Facebook Addiction is associated with poor mental health, physical symptoms, social dysfunction, and despair among the adolescent and youth population. The current study set out to identify the prevalence of Facebook Addiction among Bangladeshi medical students as well as its influencing factors. This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 720 randomly selected medical students from eight public medical colleges from January to June 2022. Data were obtained using a semi- structured, self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS v.23 programs. The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale BFAS was used to assess Facebook Addiction, while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7, Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9, Perceived Stress Scale PSS10, Chen Internet Addiction Scale CIAS, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index PSQI was used to assess anxiety, depression, perceived stress, internet addiction, and sleep quality. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence of several demographic, psychological, and behavioral characteristics on the likelihood of respondents being addicted to Facebook. Facebook Addiction was observed in 29.4% of medical students. According to data, 63.7% of medical students reported mild to severe anxiety, 29.3% moderate to severe depression, and 84.9% moderate to high perceived stress. Lack of personal income [OR with (95% CI), 1.82 (1.13, 2.96)], poor academic performance [2.46 (1.45, 4.15)], moderate anxiety [2.45 (1.22, 4.92)], moderate perceived stress [5.87 (1.92, 17.95)], and moderately severe depression [2.62 (.97, 7.08)] were all found to play a significant role in the development of Facebook Addiction. However, living with parents [OR with (95% CI), .37 (.14, .95)] and positive family relationships [.40 (.18, .87)] reduces the likelihood of becoming addicted to Facebook. An integrated participative Behavioral and psychological intervention should be devised to reduce the risks of Facebook addiction in medical students while also improving their mental health-related quality of life.
Climatic, land-use and socio-economic factors can predict malaria dynamics at fine spatial scales relevant to local health actors: Evidence from rural Madagascar
Authors: Pourtois Julie D. , Tallam Krti , Jones Isabel , Hyde Elizabeth , Chamberlin Andrew J. , Evans Michelle V. , Ihantamalala Felana A. , Cordier Laura F. , Razafinjato Bénédicte R. , Rakotonanahary Rado J. L. , Tsirinomen’ny Aina Andritiana , Soloniaina Patrick , Raholiarimanana Sahondraritera H. , Razafinjato Celestin , Bonds Matthew H. , De Leo Giulio A. , Sokolow Susanne H. , Garchitorena Andres
Published: February 2023

While much progress has been achieved over the last decades, malaria surveillance and control remain a challenge in countries with limited health care access and resources. High-resolution predictions of malaria incidence using routine surveillance data could represent a powerful tool to health practitioners by targeting malaria control activities where and when they are most needed. Here, we investigate the predictors of spatio-temporal malaria dynamics in rural Madagascar, estimated from facility-based passive surveillance data. Specifically, this study integrates climate, land-use, and representative household survey data to explain and predict malaria dynamics at a high spatial resolution (i.e., by Fokontany, a cluster of villages) relevant to health care practitioners. Combining generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and path analyses, we found that socio-economic, land use and climatic variables are all important predictors of monthly malaria incidence at fine spatial scales, via both direct and indirect effects. In addition, out-of-sample predictions from our model were able to identify 58% of the Fokontany in the top quintile for malaria incidence and account for 77% of the variation in the Fokontany incidence rank. These results suggest that it is possible to build a predictive framework using environmental and social predictors that can be complementary to standard surveillance systems and help inform control strategies by field actors at local scales.
When are clients helpful? Capitalising on client involvement in professional service delivery
Authors: Fu Na , Flood Patrick C. , Rousseau Denise M. , Morris Tim , Johnstone Murray
Published: February 2023

Professional service firms apply specialist knowledge to create customised solutions to client problems. In their work, teams of professionals undertake projects in which clients may be closely involved in co-creating solutions. However, we know little about the conditions under which client involvement contributes to better performance. We examine the direct and conditional contribution client involvement can make to project success and propose team bonding capital as a moderator. We conduct multi-level analysis of data from 58 project managers and 171 consultants nested in project teams. We find a positive impact of client involvement on both team performance and team member idea creativity. Team bonding capital moderates the relationships client involvement has with both team performance and individual member idea creativity, where the impact of client involvement is greater when team bonding capital is high. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Study protocol for cholera vaccination as a model to measure the inflammatory response in the gut: A case of modulation with a Lactobacillus plantarum K8 lysate
Authors: Park Min Young , Park Soo-yeon , Hartog Anita , van Hoffen Els , Kardinaal Alwine , Kim Joohee , Choi Hee Jung , Kwon Oran , Kim Ji Yeon
Published: February 2023

It is crucial for human health that the immune system of the gastrointestinal tract works effectively. Dietary modulation is one of the factors that regulate the immune response in the gut. This study aims to develop a safe human challenge model to study gastrointestinal inflammation and immune function. This study focuses on evaluating gut stimulation induced by the oral cholera vaccine in healthy people. In addition, this paper describes the study design for assessing the efficacy and safety of a probiotic lysate, identifying whether functional ingredients in food can modulate inflammatory response induced by oral cholera vaccine. Forty-six males aged 20 to 50 with healthy bowel habits will be randomly allocated to the placebo or intervention group. Participants will consume 1 capsule of probiotic lysate or placebo twice daily for 6 weeks, take oral cholera vaccines on visit 2 (day 15) and visit 5 (day 29). The level of fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, will be the primary outcome. The changes of cholera toxin-specific antibody levels and local/systemic inflammatory responses will be evaluated in blood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate gut stimulation of the oral cholera vaccine and investigate the effect of a probiotic lysate on improving the mild inflammatory response induced by the vaccine or supporting the immune response in healthy subjects.

Trial registration: * This trial is registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of WHO (ICTRP, registration number: KCT0002589).
Revision of the cultural chronology of precolonial Puerto Rico: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Rodríguez Ramos Reniel , Rodríguez López Miguel , Pestle William J.
Published: February 2023

Puerto Rico has played a pivotal role in the building of cultural chronology for the insular Caribbean, and yet little systematic work has been conducted in recent decades to assess the validity of the system(s) produced. To resolve this issue, we assembled a radiocarbon inventory comprised of more than a thousand assays, drawn from both published sources and grey literature, which was used to assess and revise (as necessary) the received cultural chronology of Puerto Rico. The application of chronological hygiene protocols and Bayesian modeling of the dates yields an initial arrival of humans to the island more than a millennium earlier than previously established, making Puerto Rico the earliest inhabited island of the Antilles, following Trinidad. The chronology of the different cultural manifestations that have been identified for the island, as grouped by Rousean styles, also is updated, and in some cases heavily modified, as a result of this process. While admittedly limited by several mitigating factors, the image that emerges from this chronological revision suggests a much more complex, dynamic, and plural cultural scenario than has been traditionally assumed, as a result of the myriad of interactions that took place between the different peoples that coexisted in the island through time.
Alter Ego reveals the future metaverse: Reality is fiction
Authors: Johnson Phylis West
Published: February 2023

In fall, Americans were introduced to the first network game show employing virtual reality, aptly titled Alter Ego. Its premise, spinning off several prior reality shows, gave music performers opportunities to compete nationally, but this time contestants assumed the persona of an Alter Ego.
Con sin negación, sin con negación y con con sin
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo analiza la relación que se establece entre la preposición con y la preposición sin, y argumenta que dicha relación está basada en la semántica conceptual y no en una relación gramatical. Propongo que los dos grupos de lecturas de la preposición con, simétricas y no simétricas, se diferencian por la estructura sintáctica interna de la preposición, y que la preposición sin no es la negación de ninguna de esas dos estructuras, sino de una tercera; su interpretación como negación de con es debida a una interpretación conceptual de la noción de contacto en su versión negativa, la ausencia, pero no surge de ninguna relación gramaticalizada en la estructura sintáctica. De aquí se siguen las asimetrías entre las dos preposiciones, esperables si la relación que se establece entre ellas no se codifica gramaticalmente.
Falsas subordinadas
Authors: Di Tullio Ángela L.
Published: February 2023

Los segmentos que digamos, que yo sepa y que le dicen no son subordinadas en todos los contextos: no lo son, por ejemplo, en no muy cortés que digamos; Que yo sepa, nadie ha explicado eso; adelantos de la ciencia, que le dicen. No se encuadran entre los tipos conocidos de subordinadas, y sus posibilidades de sustitución y expansión son muy restringidas. Estas desviaciones los ubican en la periferia de la gramática, como sintagmas semilexicalizados, por lo que serán denominados falsas subordinadas. Los tres comparten un rasgo pragmático, la atenuación, o, en determinadas condiciones, la interpretación intensificativa o irónica, ambas vinculadas a la modalidad.
Visualizing the lymphatic vessels and flow with high-resolution ultrasonography and microvascular flow imaging
Authors: Vullings Joep J. J. , Schaik Caroline van , Fütterer Jurgen J. , de Korte Chris L. , Klein Willemijn M.
Published: February 2023

Imaging of the lymphatic system has always encountered difficulties, such as high costs, timeconsuming procedures, and low-resolution images. Each method of imaging provides its own challenges. The use of high-resolution ultrasonography (HR-US) and microvascular flow imaging (MVFI) may prove to be the most effective method for visualizing the superficial lymphatic vessels. This study investigated the utilization of HR-US and MVFI in imaging inguinal lymph nodes and vessels, as well as the innovative use of an intranodal saline injection that acted as a contrast agent. This technical note aims to demonstrate that HR-US and MVFI, in combination with an intranodal saline injection, are applicable to the dynamic imaging of superficial inguinal lymph nodes and vessels.
MENGATASI OVERDISPERSI DENGAN REGRESI BINOMIAL NEGATIF PADA ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Winata Hilma Mutiara
Published: February 2023

The maternal mortality rate in the city of Bandung is still a concern for the government, even though various health programs have been held to handle it. The very slight reduction in maternal mortality is a reason for further research to look for factors that have a significant effect. The data on maternal mortality cases usually contain a lot of zeros and follow the Poisson distribution so that they are solved with a Poisson regression model, however the model formed cannot be used because the model shows overdispersion with a deviation value of more than one. Therefore, to overcome this problem, negative binomial regression is used as a solution. This negative binomial regression model produces three predictor variables out of seven variables that have a significant effect on maternal mortality in the city of Bandung including pregnant women receiving FE1 (30 tablets), deliveries assisted by health personnel and postpartum service coverage. Then tested the goodness of the model from the negative binomial regression model by looking at the AIC value. The true negative binomial regression model is better because the AIC value is 109.4 which is smaller than 121.65 which is the AIC value of the Poisson regression model.
A review on the genome-based approaches for the development of stress and climate resilient tea crops
Authors: Ramakrishnan Mani , Sudhama V. N , Rajanna L
Published: February 2023

Teais one of the most significant plantation crops to be emphasized towards research on development for climate-resilient variants that suits across different climate crisisimpacted countries including India. Recent tea genome research advancements eased our thoughts to begin, and apply that addresses biotic, abiotic stresses and productivity. Though the effect of climate change with unpredictable weather conditions on tea crop’s resistance is unclear, DNA based and genomics-assisted breeding techniques might play prominent role in facing future challenges of crop improving set-ups. Transgene based technological advancements and molecular breeding strategies have simplified the progress of elite tea genotypes with robust adaptation to climate change and the genomics-assisted breeding strategies in specific, found to play a substantial part in the advance of climate resilient tea crops. In this review, we briefed the signs of progress in tea genome-based research and their further perspectives needed to address the current challenges we face due to the climate crisis that resolve to breed for the water-stress-tolerant tea plant.
Statistical Modeling for Forecasting Fertilizer Consumption in India
Authors: Borkar Prema
Published: February 2023

Fertilizers have contributed significantly to increased agricultural yields, particularly for cereal crops and they will still be an important part of the science-based farming that is needed to feed the world's growing population. Fertilizers replenish the soil nutrients lost by the harvested crops, promote the use of high-yielding cultivars and boost biomass in tropical soils that are deficient in nutrients. In this study, data on fertilizer consumption in India was gathered from Agricultural Statistics at a Glance from 1950-51 to 2020-21 and utilized to fit the ARIMA model and forecast future usage. Forecasting has been done using the Box-Jenkins ARIMA approach. The ARIMA model is the most popular and widely applied forecasting model for time series data. The data was calculated using autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. R programming software was used to estimate model parameters. The performance of the fitted model was evaluated using various goodness of fit criteria, such as AIC, BIC and MAPE. Empirical results revealed that the ARIMA (1,2,1) model was best suited to forecasting India's future total fertilizer use. Similarly, the ARIMA model was fitted for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium consumption in India independently. Forecasts from 2021-22 to 2030-31 are calculated using the chosen model. By 2030-31, total fertilizer use is predicted to reach 32,058.55 thousand tonnes. Policymakers should preferably base their judgments on reliable forecasts in order to tighten policies and achieve outcomes. Predicting future events using an appropriate time series model will assist policymakers, marketing strategies in making decisions related to export/ import and developing appropriate fertilizer consumption strategies.
Enhancement of quality parameters and shelf-life of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) by edible coating during storage and transportation
Authors: Raju Mudavath , Mondal Radhajogita , Valliath Akash Sanjay , Tejaswi Swarna , Das Piu
Published: February 2023

The postharvest losses of papaya fruits are important concerns during storage, shipping and marketing; the causes of these postharvest losses include microbial infestation, temperature, inappropriate handling and other factors. Which can be decreased by using edible coatings that have enhanced quality and have a longer shelf life. The effects of three different coating materials-aloe vera gel, ascorbic acid and chitosan on the shelf life and qualitative parameters of papaya fruits that were maintained at room temperature for a period of 15 days were investigated. When compared to fruits that have not been coated, fruits that have been coated with aloe vera gel, ascorbic acid and chitosan retain the original values for all of the qualitative parameters, including total soluble solids (9.9), titratable acidity (0.670 %), ascorbic acid (67.125 100 g/mg), TSS: acid ratio (23.116 percent), total sugar (0.119 %), reducing sugar (24.570 %) and non-reducing. According to the findings of this investigation, the combination of aloe vera gel (50%), chitosan (1%) and ascorbic acid (1%) has the potential to lengthen the shelf life of papaya fruits while maintaining their nutritional qualities, which is significant for the purposes of commercial storage, transportation and sales.
Oxyrrhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. (Brachytheciaceae: Bryophyta) – new to the moss flora of India from the Western Ghats
Authors: Dhanyasree B , Daniels A.E.D
Published: February 2023

Oxyrrhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. which was known so far from Africa, Europe, New Zealand and China and Russia in Asia, has been discovered in some pockets of the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. This discovery adds one more species to the moss flora of India. A description with figures, a distribution map and a key to distinguish O. speciosum from the other indigenous species are provided.
The efficacy of Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schum leaf extracts against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Sowmyashree K , Chalannavar Raju Krishna , Nityasree B R
Published: February 2023

Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schum is a medicinal deciduous tree with a history of traditional use. The use of biologically active plant materials with mosquitocidal characteristics has piqued the curiosity of scientists worldwide. The goal of this study was to see if P. longifolia crude extracts (in petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol) had any ovipositional deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal, or pupicidal activity against Anopheles stephensi Liston. The LC50 and LC90 values were determined by varying the concentrations of the leaf extracts. The highest oviditerrence activity (98.58% at 900 ppm), 100% ovicidal activity at 1700 ppm, 100% larvicidal activity at 1300 ppm, and pupicidal activity at 2100 ppm were found in the methanol extract. This study's findings suggest that the methanol extract of P. longifolia could be used to control mosquitoes. These discoveries could aid in the development of a potential alternate source of mosquito control. These kinds of biological insect control methods reduce the need for synthetic pesticides. The study proves that controlling mosquitoes in their infancy is easier and more effective than controlling the adult mosquitoes.
Note on the distribution of Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm. (Ricciaceae: Marchantiophyta) in India
Authors: Dhanyasree B , Daniels A.E.D
Published: February 2023

Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm. is a more or less cosmopolitan species. In India, it was earlier known to be distributed in the Western Himalayas, Northeast India, Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and Western Ghats of Kerala. This species has now been collected in the Nilgiri Hills on the Western Ghats which is an addition to Tamil Nadu. A detailed description of the species with a photographic plate and a distribution map is provided.
Production of Boeravinone-B, total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity from callus cultures of Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa L.)
Authors: Sudheer Wudali Narasimha , Nagella Praveen
Published: February 2023

Boerhavia diffusa L. (Punarnava) is a medicinal herb, rich in diversified plant secondary metabolites used in curing various health ailments. Boeravinone-B is one of the important phytochemicals reported in Punarnava, possessing various pharmacological activities. It belongs to the family of rotenoids, belonging to the isoflavone group. Production of Boeravinone-B from the Punarnava through conventional propagation is comparatively very low, and alternative interventions are of utmost importance to meet the growing demand. In view of this, the present study aims to develop biotechnological approaches like cell/tissue culture as a substitute strategy for the accumulation of biomass and Boeravinone-B biosynthesis. Callus was established from leaf explants of Boerhavia diffusa L. when cultured on MS semi solid medium fortified with varied concentrations and combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The callus induced on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 5.0 ppm 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) favored the highest production of Boeravinone-B analyzed through High-performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) and it was found to be 673.95 ?g g-1 Dry weight (DW). The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined for the callus extracts and the results showed that callus induced on 5.0 ppm 2,4-D medium showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, which was 63.48 mg g-1 Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) Dry weight (DW), and 30.22 mg g-1 Quercetin equivalent (QE) DW. Similarly, antioxidant activities (radical scavenging, metal chelating, and reducing power) were performed, and it was found that callus induced on 5.0 ppm 2,4-D showed the highest anti-oxidant potential. Radical scavenging activity was found to be 91.1%, and 74% of metal chelating activity was recorded, and a similar trend was observed with respect to reducing power as well. The results of the present study lay foundation for optimization and subsequent large-scale production of Boeravinone-B from callus/cell suspension cultures.
Inflation in North America: A Critical Review and Analysis of the Year 2022
Authors: Mbah Ruth Endam , Hultquist Laura , Repp Rande
Published: February 2023

The year 2022 has been a year of unprecedented change and global unrest. The world is still struggling to recover from the first global pandemic in over a century and the coordinated global response thereof which changed both the social and the economic landscapes.  Amid this recovery, the world economy has been hit by the Russia-Ukraine war, the effect of climate change on agriculture, citizen unrest and leadership changes in nations across the globe, global supply-chain disruptions, and record-high inflation. This review presents a comparative analysis of the causes/impacts of inflation during 2022 in North America as well as discusses mitigation strategies proposed by the nations therein. Monetarism is used to review North America’s responses to the high inflation rates. Findings indicate that the causes for inflation in North America were very similar for all three countries. These causes included disruption in the supply chain, an excessive rise in demand over supply, the impact of the Russian-Ukraine war, the lingering effects of the governmental response to Covid-19, a tight labor market, expansionary monetary policies by the central banks, and the global impact of drought on agriculture. Our findings also show that the impact of this record-high inflation aligned across all three countries like elevated food prices, housing/rental costs, energy costs, gas prices, household operational costs, healthcare insurance, education cost, and increased poverty, especially among low and fixed-income earners. The central banks of all three countries are using monetary policies to mitigate the situation by increasing their interest rates. However, monetary policies on their own cannot solve the situation and must be complemented by fiscal policies.  This can be evidenced by the intervention of all three governments in the high-inflation challenge.  Nevertheless, this review is limited to North America, thus, it will be essential for future research to focus on other countries and regional blogs.
Wpływ przywództwa politycznego na rewizję polityki wschodniej Unii Europejskiej w kontekście wojny w Ukrainie
Authors: Zheltovskyy Vadym
Published: February 2023

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza transformacji stylu przywództwa głównych instytucji Unii Europejskiej (Rady Europejskiej, Komisji Europejskiej, Parlamentu Europejskiego) i jego wpływu na działania unijne, podejmowane w zakresie rewizji polityki wschodniej UE, do których doszło w następstwie nielegalnego pełnowymiarowego ataku Rosji na Ukrainę w dniu 24 lutego 2022 roku. W związku z powyższym szczególną uwagę poświęcono omówieniu kwestii ukraińskiej jako czynnika bezpośrednio wpływającego na zmianę pozycji głównych politycznych aktorów europejskich (zarówno indywidualnych, jak i zbiorowych) wobec roli UE jako siły strukturalnej w regionie Partnerstwa Wschodniego. Ponadto nacisk jest położony na główne kwestie wpływające na skuteczność procesów demokratyzacji w Ukrainie po wyborach parlamentarnych i prezydenckich 2019 roku. Kolejnym zadaniem jest ocena działań podejmowanych przez instytucje unijne w celu wsparcia procesów europeizacji w Ukrainie oraz przedstawienia możliwych kierunków współpracy w okresie post wojennym.
Polityka równościowa Unii Europejskiej. Implikacje dla bezpieczeństwa i praw kobiet
Authors: Raba-Schulze Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

Równość płci pozostaje głównym celem UE, która za priorytet uznaje równość w obszarze ekonomicznym, w obszarze przeciwdziałania przemocy ze względu na płeć oraz równego udziału kobiet i mężczyzn w życiu politycznym i strukturach decyzyjnych. Równość płci jest zasadą ściśle związaną z przestrzeganiem oraz poszanowaniem praw kobiet oraz istotnym elementem kształtującym bezpieczeństwo kobiet. W artykule przedstawiono kluczowe dokumenty dotyczące unijnej polityki równościowej i jej wpływ na bezpieczeństwo kobiet. Autorka artykułu jako metodę badawczą przyjęła analizę instytucjonalno-prawną, która została wykorzystana do analizy dokumentów dotyczących polityki równościowej Unii Europejskiej, odzwierciedlających założenia tejże polityki.
Jadwiga Kiwerska, Sojusz w kryzysie. Prezydentura Donalda Trumpa i relacje transatlantyckie, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Zachodniego, Poznań 2021, ss. 258.
Authors: Brust Filip
Published: February 2023

Recenzja
A network of allostructions: quantified subject constructions in Russian
Authors: Nesset Tore , Janda Laura A.
Published: February 2023

This article contributes to Construction Grammar, historical linguistics, and Russian linguistics through an in-depth corpus study of predicate agreement in constructions with quantified subjects. Statistical analysis of approximately 39,000 corpus examples indicates that these constructions constitute a network of constructions (“allostructions”) with various preferences for singular or plural agreement. Factors pull in different directions, and we observe a relatively stable situation in the face of variation. We present an analysis of a multidimensional network of allostructions in Russian, thus contributing to our understanding of allostructional relationships in Construction Grammar. With regard to historical linguistics, language stability is an understudied field. We illustrate an interplay of divergent factors that apparently resists language change. The syntax of numerals and other quantifiers represents a notoriously complex phenomenon of the Russian language. Our study sheds new light on the contributions of factors that favor singular or plural agreement in sentences with quantified subjects.
Moduli spaces of complex affine and dilation surfaces
Authors: Apisa Paul , Bainbridge Matt , Wang Jane
Published: February 2023

We construct moduli spaces of complex affine and dilation surfaces. Using ideas of Veech [W. A. Veech, Flat surfaces,
Amer. J. Math. 115 1993, 3, 589–689], we show that the moduli space

𝒜

g
,
n

⁢

(
𝒎
)

{{\mathcal{A}}_{g,n}(\boldsymbol{m})}

of genus g affine surfaces with cone points of complex order

𝒎
=

(

m
1

⁢
…

,

m
n

)

{\boldsymbol{m}=(m_{1}\ldots,m_{n})}

is a holomorphic affine bundle over

ℳ

g
,
n

{\mathcal{M}_{g,n}}

, and the moduli space

𝒟

g
,
n

⁢

(
𝒎
)

{{\mathcal{D}}_{g,n}(\boldsymbol{m})}

of dilation surfaces is a covering space of

ℳ

g
,
n

{\mathcal{M}_{g,n}}

.
We then classify the connected components of

𝒟

g
,
n

⁢

(
𝒎
)

{{\mathcal{D}}_{g,n}(\boldsymbol{m})}

and show that it is an orbifold-

K
⁢

(
G
,
1
)

{K(G,1)}

, where G is the framed mapping class group of [A. Calderon and N. Salter, Framed mapping class groups and the monodromy of strata of Abelian differentials,
preprint 2020].
The WHO-5 well-being questionnaire in type 1 diabetes: screening for depression in pediatric and young adult subjects
Authors: Tittel Sascha René , Kulzer Bernhard , Warschburger Petra , Merz Ulrich , Galler Angela , Wagner Christian , Plaumann Maike , Siegel Erhard , Holl Reinhard Walter
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the WHO-5 tool in pediatric and young adult subjects with type 1 diabetes, and to analyse associations with demographic/psychological characteristics.

Methods

We included 944 patients with type 1 diabetes 9–25 years of age, documented in the Diabetes Patient Follow-up Registry between 2018 and 2021. We used ROC curve analysis to determine optimal cut-off values for the WHO-5 scores to predict psychiatric comorbidity (ICD-10-diagnoses) and analysed associations with obesity, HbA1c, therapy regimen, and lifestyle via logistic regression. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration.

Results

In the total cohort (54.8% male), the median score was 17 [Q1-Q3: 13–20]. Adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration, the WHO-5 scores<13 were associated with psychiatric comorbidity, especially depression and ADHD, poor metabolic control, obesity, smoking, and less physical activity. There were no significant associations with therapy regimen, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or social deprivation. In subjects with any diagnosed psychiatric disorder (prevalence 12.2%), the odds ratio for conspicuous scores was 3.28 [2.16–4.97] compared to patients without mental disorders. Using ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off to anticipate any psychiatric comorbidity in our cohort was 15, and 14 for depression.

Conclusions

The WHO-5 questionnaire is a useful tool to predict depression in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ROC analysis suggests a slightly higher cut-off for conspicuous questionnaire results compared to previous reports. Due to the high rate of deviant results, adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes should be screened regularly for signs of psychiatric comorbidity.
The impact of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Min Alice K. , Keane Aislinn M. , Weinstein Matthew Paltiel , Swartz Talia H.
Published: February 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a chronic disease that afflicts over 38 million people worldwide without a known cure. The advent of effective antiretroviral therapies (ART) has significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection in people living with HIV-1 (PWH), thanks to durable virologic suppression. Despite this, people with HIV-1 experience chronic inflammation associated with co-morbidities. While no single known mechanism accounts for chronic inflammation, there is significant evidence to support the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a key driver. Numerous studies have demonstrated therapeutic impact of cannabinoids, including exerting modulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Given the high rates of cannabinoid use in PWH, it is of great interest to understand the intersecting biology of the role of cannabinoids in HIV-1-associated inflammasome signaling. Here we describe the literature of chronic inflammation in people with HIV, the therapeutic impact of cannabinoids in PWH, endocannabinoids in inflammation, and HIV-1-associated inflammation. We describe a key interaction between cannabinoids, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and HIV-1 viral infection, which supports further investigation of the critical role of cannabinoids in HIV-1 infection and inflammasome signaling.
La diversidad biológica de los traspatios: su uso en la alimentación y salud de las familias en Chiapas y Tabasco, México
Authors: Martínez Valdés Martín Gerardo , Sánchez Gutiérrez Facundo , Pozo Santiago Cesar Orlando , Ríos Rodas Liliana , Gerónimo Torres José del Carmen
Published: February 2023

La seguridad alimentaria es la disponibilidad, acceso, utilización y estabilidad de los alimentos en apoyo a la salud y nutrición, lo que contribuye a satisfacer las necesidades de personas y grupos sociales. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la diversidad de las especies vegetales y animales de traspatio y su contribución al mantenimiento familiar en comunidades de Chiapas y Tabasco. Para esto, se encuestaron 180 productores en 50 comunidades de Chiapas y de Tabasco. Los resultados muestran que las ornamentales de mayor importancia fueron cebollín, tulipán y rosas (Fr = 15.8%, 14.0%, 11.4%, respectivamente); las plantas medicinales fueron el maguey morado, sábila, albahaca y orégano (UST es 46.1%, 28.9%, 26.7%, 18.9%); y los árboles frutales con mayor valor fueron cítricos, mango, plátano y aguacate (Fr = 22.1%, 17.2%, 10.7%, 6.1%). Además, se encontró que las aves son las de mayor presencia en los traspatios por ser una fuente de proteína e ingresos. Se concluye que la diversidad biológica representada en los traspatios contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria en las dimensiones de acceso, utilización y disponibilidad.
Multiple lump solutions and their interactions for an integrable nonlinear dispersionless PDE in vector fields
Authors: Batool Tahira , Seadawy Aly R. , Rizvi Syed T.R.
Published: February 2023

In this article, lump solutions, lump with I-kink, lump with II- kink, periodic, multiwaves, rogue waves and several other interactions such as lump interaction with II-kink, interaction between lump, lump with I-kink and periodic, interaction between lump, lump with II-kink and periodic are derived for Pavlov equation by using appropriate transformations. Additionally, we also present 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional and contour graphs for our solutions.