bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes and conditions of thefts in Russia at the present stage
Authors: Ксения Николаевна Радченко,
Published: January 2023

Собственность во все времена развития нашего государства была предметом, в отношении которого складывались особые общественные отношения. Это обусловлено желанием граждан обладать той или иной собственностью. Некоторые делают это на законных основаниях, согласно предписаниям гражданского законодательства, а некоторые идут по преступному пути незаконного приобретения собственности. Последний представляет особую опасность, поскольку нарушает права и законные интересы граждан, общества и государства. Целью исследования является комплексный анализ детерминантов преступлений против собственности, в частности краж, в России и классификация их по различным основаниям. Методологической основой исследования выступили такие общенаучные методы, как диалектический метод, метод анализа, синтеза, индукции, дедукции, а также частнонаучные методы - сравнительно-аналитический, статистический, историко-правовой, формально-юридический. В исследовании опровергается тезис о том, что чем выше доход населения, тем меньше совершается преступлений против собственности, в том числе в форме кражи. Сопоставив нестабильность уровня доходов населения и планомерное снижение количества совершаемых краж, нельзя говорить об их корреляции. За период с 2016 по 2020 г. уровень доходов населения имел показатели роста только в 2018 и 2019 годах, в то время как количество совершаемых краж снижалось начиная с 2016 г. (рост отмечен только в 2019 г.).

Property at all times of the development of our state has been a subject in relation to which special social relations have developed. This is due to the desire of citizens to own this or that property. Some do it legally, according to the requirements of civil legislation, and some follow the criminal path of illegal acquisition of property. The latter is particularly dangerous because it violates the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, society and the state. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of crimes against property, in particular theft, in Russia and their classification on various grounds. The methodological basis of the research was such general scientific methods as the dialectical method, the method of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, as well as private scientific methods - comparative-analytical, statistical, historical-legal, formal-legal. The study refutes the thesis that the higher the income of the population, the fewer crimes against property, including theft, are committed. Comparing the instability of the income level of the population and the systematic decrease in the number of thefts committed, it is impossible to talk about their correlation. For the period from 2016 to 2020, the income level of the population increased only in 2018 and 2019, while the number of thefts decreased starting in 2016 (the increase was noted only in 2019).
Illegal organ transplantation in international criminal law
Authors: Вадим Андреевич Чукреев,
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с криминализацией незаконной торговли органами в международном уголовном праве, особенности регламентации этого вопроса на международном уровне, а также систематизированы основные правовые подходы к данной проблеме.

The article deals with issues related to the criminalization of illegal organ trafficking in international criminal law, the features of regulating this issue at the international level, and systematizes the main legal approaches to this problem.
Improvement of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of public procurement carried out through a tender
Authors: Валерий Александрович Перов, , Анна Анатольевна Шибанова,
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются особенности использования критериев оценки эффективности государственных закупок, осуществленных путем проведения конкурса в рамках государственных закупок с целью определения поставщика с учетом изменений, вступивших в силу в 2022 году. Представлены результаты анализа отдельных показателей данной процедуры и других конкурентных процедур определения поставщика (подрядчика, исполнителя). Особое внимание уделяется механизму осуществления конкурсов, как наиболее универсального способа определения лучшего поставщика и подрядчика в современных условиях с учетом особенностей, преимуществ и недостатков, присущих данному способу, отмечены основные этапы и сроки осуществления конкурса. Также представлены результаты исследования эволюции данного способа определения поставщика в рамках реализации государственных закупок в постсоветский период.

The article discusses the features of using the criteria for assessing the effectiveness in the implementation of tenders in the framework of public procurement in order to determine the supplier, taking into account the changes that came into force in 2022. The results of the analysis of individual indicators of this procedure and other procedures for determining the supplier are presented. The authors pay special attention to the mechanism of tenders, as the most universal way to determine the best supplier and contractor in modern conditions, taking into account the features, advantages and disadvantages inherent in this method, and note the main stages and timing of the competition. The article also presents the results of a study of the evolution of this method of determining a supplier in the framework of public procurement in the post-Soviet period.
The main means of differentiating responsibility for economic crimes
Authors: Анастасия Константиновна Якубенко,
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматриваются наиболее распространенные средства дифференциации ответственности за экономические преступления, используемые в нормах Общей и Особенной части Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Актуальность настоящей работы характеризуется неопределенностью законодательного решения по поводу общественной опасности экономических преступлений и ее законодательного закрепления. Общий тренд современной уголовной политики направлен на гуманизацию уголовного законодательства, что должно привести к смягчению уголовной ответственности. Реализация данной политики наиболее ярко отразилась на практике уголовно-правового противодействия экономической преступности. Но на протяжении многих лет эффект ее качественного предупреждения не наблюдается. Рассматриваемые проблемы заключаются в установлении круга средств дифференциации уголовной ответственности за экономические преступления, их практического использования и влияния на динамику изменения показателей экономической преступности. Основной задачей государства в борьбе с экономической преступностью является обеспечение возмещения имущественного вреда, который был причинен в результате совершения преступления. Такой вектор уголовной политики обеспечивает «мягкость» негативного воздействия на преступника и российский бизнес в целом, но при этом далеко не исключает совершения повторных преступлений в сфере экономики.

The article discusses the most common means of differentiating responsibility for economic crimes used in the norms of the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this work is characterized by the uncertainty of the legislative decision on the public danger of economic crimes and its legislative consolidation. The general trend of modern criminal policy is aimed at the humanization of criminal legislation, which should lead to the mitigation of criminal liability. The implementation of this policy most clearly reflected in the practice of criminal law counteraction to economic crime. However, over the years, there is no effect of its prevention. The problems under consideration lie in the establishment of a range of means of differentiating criminal liability for economic crimes, their practical use and influence on the dynamics of changes in economic crime indicators. The main task of the state in the fight against economic crime is to ensure compensation for property damage that was caused as a result of a crime. Such a vector of criminal policy ensures the “softness” of the negative impact on the offender and Russian business as a whole, but at the same time does not exclude the commission of repeated crimes in the economic sphere.
“Roteiros” antropofágicos na contemporaneidade: uma reflexão sobre a Exu-poética
Authors: Andrade Lucas Toledo de
Published: January 2023

Este artigo busca tratar da atualidade do pensamento oswaldiano na contemporaneidade, mostrando, para isso, o modo como a deglutição da Antropofagia e de outras reflexões teóricas contribuíram para a construção da noção de Exu-poética. A Exu-poética não é uma releitura da Antropofagia, mas um referencial que se constrói a partir da metáfora de devoração antropofágica. Entendemos, assim, que os tantos “roteiros” propostos por Oswald de Andrade são ainda base fundamental para a reflexão sobre a cultura brasileira, sendo, inclusive, uma chave teórica interessante para tratar dos estudos em torno das minorias políticas, profundamente estigmatizadas e invisibilizadas pelo pensamento colonial, escravagista, racista e machista que rege a vida nacional desde a colonização.
De Andrade a Andrade: a reescritura de Venceslau e Ci em Macunaíma
Authors: Kobs Verônica Daniel
Published: January 2023

Este artigo analisa comparativamente a rapsódia Macunaíma (1928), de Mário de Andrade, e o filme homônimo (1969), de Joaquim Pedro de Andrade. Focalizando o contexto histórico da ditadura militar, que influenciou a produção cinematográfica, são analisadas as reconfigurações dos personagens Venceslau e Ci. A partir dos postulados de Zilá Bernd, Lilia Schwacz, Stuart Hall, Judith Butler, Nelly Richard, entre outros, as duas partes deste estudo apresentam: 1) o gigante Venceslau como metáfora do domínio estrangeiro e a vitória de Macunaíma sobre seu oponente, por meio de características que exaltam a cultura autóctone e a mestiçagem; 2) a transição de Ci — de heroína mítica a guerrilheira urbana —, de modo a questionar a representação hegemônica do gênero feminino. Em ambos os casos, demonstra-se que as mudanças feitas pelo diretor são inerentes ao processo de adaptação do texto literário e ao caráter transitório das identidades, sobretudo considerando as quatro décadas que separam livro e filme.
O poema romancizado: uma proposta de leitura bakhtiniana do modernismo brasileiro
Authors: Scandolara Adriano
Published: January 2023

Ao longo de sua obra, o pensador russo Mikhail Bakhtin desenvolve um aparato teórico inovador para tratar da linguagem do romance, tendo em mente certas obras entendidas como mais prototipicamente romanescas. No entanto, o autor também considera que, em períodos em que o romance se torna predominante numa dada sociedade, há uma tendência à “romancização” de outros gêneros, incluindo a poesia, que passaria então a exibir características da linguagem romanesca como a presença do que Bakhtin chamou de “heterodiscurso” (raznorétchie) e uma tendência ao dialogismo (em oposição ao “monologismo” que é mais tipicamente predominante no poema tradicional). Neste artigo, realizaremos uma breve exploração das possíveis aplicações do pensamento bakhtiniano para a análise de poesia, exemplificada pela leitura de poemas dos modernistas brasileiros Oswald de Andrade e Manuel Bandeira, o que nos leva a observar como a implementação consciente desses elementos da prosa pela poesia (sem que, no entanto, suas obras deixem de ser poemas, sujeitos às técnicas comuns de interpretação poética) é uma parte integral do projeto literário dos primeiros modernistas brasileiros.
Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean to drought as represented by the fraction of transpirable soil water
Authors: Martins Jéssica Taynara da Silva , Pohlmann Valeria , Lago Isabel , Zanon Alencar Junior , Tabaldi Luciane Almeri , Machado Liliane Correa , Costa Thays Correa , Goergen Patricia Carine Hüller , Tagliapietra Eduardo Lago , Oliveira Gerâne Silva Wertonge de
Published: January 2023

The influence of water deficit on plant physiological and biochemical responses as measured by the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) has not been investigated in cultivars developed by the world's largest soybean producer. This information can help obtain plants with improved tolerance to the abiotic stress that most affects soybean production in Brazil, enabling adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions to enhance the crop's yield potential. We aim to determine the FTSW threshold for transpiration and evaluate changes in the growth, physiological activities, and biochemical and antioxidant responses of soybean cultivars. Three trials were sown on 11/19/2018 (T1), 12/28/2018 (T2), and 9/9/2019 (T3), representing almost the entire soybean sowing window in Brazil. The estimated FTSW threshold values were 0.33, 0.29, and 0.31 in T1; 0.35, 0.41, and 0.43 in T2; and 0.31, 0.49, and 0.45 in T3 for cultivars BMX GARRA IPRO, DM 66I68 RSF IPRO, and NA 5909 RG, respectively. In the three trials, NA 5909 RG showed the greatest height. The POD enzyme was activated in non-irrigated plants in T2 only in cvs. DM 66I68 RSF IPRO and NA 5909 RG. We conclude that cvs. DM 66I68 RSF IPRO and NA 5909 RG showed a more efficient stomatal control, conserving soil water for a longer time, which indicates greater tolerance to water deficit.
Forage production, morphogenetic and structural components, and nutritional value of tropical grasses in the semiarid condition
Authors: Ramos Bárbara Louise Pacheco , Pedreira Márcio dos Santos , Santos Hugo Pereira , Cruz Natan Teles , Pezenti Estela , Silva Abias Santos , Diavão Jaciara , Morenz Mirton José Frota , Pitta Brendow Sampaio Lima , Fries Daniela Deitos
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage mass, morphogenetic and structural characteristics, and nutritional value of tropical forage grasses in semiarid conditions. Nine grasses were evaluated, namely, three cultivars of Urochloa brizantha (Marandu, MG4, and Piatã); Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk; Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy; and three cultivars of Megathyrsus maximum (Massai, Mombaça, and Tanzania). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement in which the main factor were the grass cultivars and the secondary factor the seasons, with five replications per treatment. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment (grass), whereas the season was included as a random effect within treatments. Urochloa brizantha cvs. Marandu, MG4, and Piatã and Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk produced on average 858 kg ha-1 more forage mass than cvs. Kennedy and Basilisk. Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça produced 40% more forage mass than the other cultivars of M. maximum (4205 vs. 3001 kg ha-1). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy showed the lowest water use efficiency (36%). Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy exhibited the lowest leaf weight among the Urochloa cultivars (740 vs. 1319 kg ha-1). There was no treatment effect for leaf weight in the M. maximum cultivars. Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Kennedy showed the highest values of total digestible nutrients and dry matter digestibility (1.84 and 2.34%, respectively) among the other Urochloa cultivars. The M. maximum cultivars showed little differences in nutritional values. Cultivars Marandu, Piatã, and Massai exhibited better productive responses in the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study. However, future studies must be conducted evaluating the adaptation of the forage grass under semiarid conditions. Considering the settings of this study, the grasses Urochloa brizantha cvs. MG4, Marandu, and Piatã, as well as Megathyrsus maximum cvs. Massai and Mombaça, can be used in the semiarid condition.
Reproductive performance of fixed-time artificial insemination in heifers supplemented with a homeopathic complex
Authors: Ferreira Emanuel Binotto , Santos Gustavo Martins Gomes dos , Delchiaro Sofia Botsaris , Sanches Tamires Korchovei , Morotti Fabio , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes
Published: January 2023

For this study, ½ blood nelore × aberdeen angus heifers (n = 40; 14 months) were divided into two groups: control (n=20; 310 kg) and pró-cio (n=20; 304 kg). for pró-cio group, 20g of homeopathic product (pró-cio®, real h, campo grande, brazil) was supplied together with corn eighteen days prior (d-18) to the beginning of the fixed-time artificial insemination protocol (ftai). on d0, all females received an intravaginal p4 device and 2 mg be. on d5, the afc was assessed by ultrasound and blood was collected for amh dosage. on d8, p4 device was removed; 300 iu ecg, 0.530 mg of cloprostenol sodium and 0.5 mg of ec were administered; an estrus-identifying adhesive was fixed at the tail insertion and the diameter of the dominant follicle (df) was measured. on d10, all heifers were inseminated, estrus manifestation was assessed and the preovulatory follicle (pof) was measured. on d20, the cl area was measured and blood flow was assessed using doppler ultrasound. data were analyzed by student, mann-whitney or friedman test. the rates of heat expression, ovulation, and blood flow score with doppler were analyzed using fisher’s exact test and pregnancy rate by binary logistic regression model (p ≤ 0.05). there was no difference in afc or amh dosage (p > 0.05). pró-cio group had greater diameters of the df (9.94 ± 0.42 mm) and pof (11.61 ± 0.56 mm) than the controls (df: 7.72 ± 0.34 mm and pof: 9.91 ± 0.37 mm), as well a larger cl area (3.26 ± 0.26 versus 2.35 ± 0.16 cm2) and a higher mean cl vascularization score (3.06 versus 2.26; p < 0.05). there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between estrus manifestation or conception rate for control and pró-cio groups. heifers supplemented with the homeopathic product showed larger follicular diameters at the end of the ftai protocol and cl with better blood flow scores compared to the control group.
Predatory Journals in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Kachooei Amir , Bachoura Abdo , Hirsch David , Beredjiklian Pedro K.
Published: January 2023

The prevalence of predatory journals in orthopaedic surgery continues to increase. These journals directly solicit authors, offering the advantages of open access and quick publication rates. Solicitation typically occurs in the form of e-mail communications, and the targets are usually identified as authors who have published other works in conventional publications. These predatory journals process manuscripts without peer review and plagiarism checks and often for a substantial publication fee. As a result, the scientific value of these publications is grossly suspect and has been considered a substantial threat to the quality of scientific discourse and scholarship. This affects not only the layperson reading the works but also investigators tricked into publishing in these venues. It has been estimated that several million US dollars per year are spent on these publications and, in many instances, using monies granted by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health. This review aims to study the types of solicitation, evaluate the increasing prevalence in orthopaedic surgery, and offer methods to authors and readers to identify these journals to mitigate their negative effects.
Evaluation of Focal Hepatic Lesion and associated changes in Gallbladder and Kidneys using Spiral Computed Tomography
Authors: Faazal Ayesha , Sana Sadia , Huraira Abu , Fatima Noor , Sana Somara , Siddique Zafaar
Published: January 2023

Focal hepatic lesions are the lesions in the liver apart from its usual parenchyma. Objective: To check the efficiency of triphasic computed tomography for diagnosing benign and malignant focal liver lesions and to assess frequencies of both types of liver lesions. Methods: On 60 patients, triphasic CT scan for the liver was performed in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. The liver was scanned in the arterial, the portal-venous, and the delayed phases followed by contrast injection. During all of these phases evaluation of lesions was made on enhancement patterns and frequencies of each lesion was checked. Results: The results showed that out of 60 patients 26(43.3%) were diagnosed with benign and 34(56.67%) were diagnosed with malignant focal liver lesions. Benign cases had a higher frequency of Haemangioma and malignant cases had a higher frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall study showed the percentage of incidents in gallbladder and renal system. Conclusions: The triphasic CT liver due to its accuracy provides assured diagnosis for liver lesions and thus reduces biopsy procedures
Frequency of hidden Hepatitis B and C during screening in patients’ undergone surgical procedures: Single Centered study
Authors: Hussain Arsalan , Hussain Afzal , Afzal M Faheem , Hussain Rutaba , Hameed Maryam
Published: January 2023

Hepatitis is the serious health related concern and spreading rapidly specifically in developing countries, it also led to liver related diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. While liver disease is an important health problem and having high health cost and leads to poor quality of life and dependency. Objectives: To determine the Incidence of hidden Hepatitis B and C during screening in patients’ undergone surgical procedures reported in a single center. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Innovative Health Concepts & Research center by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. The duration of study was 8 months from December 2021 to August 2022 and the study included those subjects who admitted in hospital for some surgical procedure and both genders aged between 25 to 60 years. Those subjects who have multiple neurological or musculoskeletal or endocrinological condition and came for the 2nd procedure were excluded from the study. Ethical permission was sought from Board of Advance Studies and Expert Review Board of Innovative Health Concepts Hospital (ASRRB/IHC&RC/RH/MED/Letter-003). The assessment for hepatitis B, HCV, and HIV was done through blood test. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: The results of study showed mean age of subjects was 43.47±10.17, mean weight was 71.35±10.78.  The result showed 04% prevalence of hepatitis B, 4.9% prevalence of hepatitis C and no case reported of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is very low frequency of hepatitis B and C found in subjects undergone surgical procedures
Outcomes of Laproscopic Hysterectomies: An assessment of a learning curve experience of a Gynae laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Fatima Mahwish , Maqsood Sadaf , Laqa Sarwat , Kashif Samra , Rehman Sana , Masood Zubaida
Published: January 2023

Among the most frequent gynecological operations conducted is the hysterectomy. Objective: To determine the outcome of TLH in benign uterine pathology of up to 12-week size uterus. Methods: It was a prospective case series carried out at Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Memon medical institute hospital, Karachi from January 2019 to January 2021. All patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy secondary to benign utero- ovarian pathology were consecutively enrolled. Demographic characteristics of the patients along with the presence of co-morbidities, hospital admission details, surgical procedure and intra and post-operative complications were noted. The surgery performed with similar technique in all cases. If patients were deemed to be fit for release after 48 hours following surgery, they were discharged. The postoperative follow-ups were performed at 10th, 30th, and 3 months. Results: Of 50 patients, the mean age was 50.5 years. The main indication of hysterectomy is adenomyosis diagnosed in 20 patients. There were 4 laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomies and 46 were total laparoscopic hysterectomies. History of previous laparotomies was observed in 12, previous cesarean and bilateral tubal ligation in 6 each, history of mesh repair of umbilical hernia in 4 while history of VP shunt was observed in 2 patients. Eight patients converted into laparotomy due to technical difficulty in controlling hemorrhage of uterine artery. Total rate of intra and post-operative complications was 40%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach for hysterectomy is a safe alternative to conventional hysterectomy for benign uterine pathology of up to 12 weeks size uterus.
Causes and Precaution of Breast Cancer Among Women
Authors: Roman Al Ala Durrani Muhammad , Imran Khan Muhammad , Yawer Ali Shah Syed , Jamil Muhammad , Khan Alamgir , Zafar Iqbal Butt Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Cancer is one of the severe health problems recognized around the globe.  As a primary health concern, causes and precautionary measures are still unknown to the public. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the available literature to unpin the causes and precautionary measures of breast cancers among women. The available literature indicates that heredity, ageing, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, radiation exposure and hormone replacement therapy are the common causes of breast cancer among women. The literature also suggests that avoiding the use of alcohol, smoking, physical inactivity, maintaining weight, limiting postmenopausal hormone therapy etc., are the best precautionary measures for consumers among women.
Physical Activity as an Element of Health Life Style among High School Children’s: an Analytical Approach
Authors: Chaudhary Ausaf , Mahmood Sana , Jamil Muhammad , Khan Alamgir , Zafar Iqbal Butt Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Physical inactivity is one of the most alarming health indicators in the world. Physical activity and fitness levels decline worldwide among children and adolescents. The use of electronic entertainment in Pakistan affects the activity levels of students. Objectives: To compare physical activity levels of urban and rural high school children using analytical study. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted on 200 government high school children (ages 12-16 years) in Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. Data on physical fitness were collected through different physical fitness tests and BMI by measuring height and weight. Physical activity was assessed through physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-A) and a youth physical activity questionnaire (Y-PAQ). Results: Analysis of study in term of different fitness shows that the mean score of pushups was 14.9050±8.91704, and the mean for standing vertical jump was 28.3700±5.35035. The mean of the 30-meter sprint was 4.3667±.34039, and the mean of sit and reach test was 27.7700±4.09401. The mean of the handstand was 3.8600±9.02038. Conclusions: Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that physical activity and physical fitness levels are low in rural and urban high school children. Still, there is no significant difference in physical activity and physical fitness levels between rural and urban high school children. The rural students were better in height and weight, but the BMI rate was higher in urban students.
Relationship of Oral Health Literacy with Decision-making in Dental Treatment Planning among Urban Population of Lahore
Authors: Alamgir Wajiha , Tariq Shanzay , Haider Adeel , Jabbar Uzma , Sarwar Arfa , Abrar Faheem
Published: January 2023

In clinical settings, dentists frequently come across patients with variable oral health literacy, and they are not always able to tell which patients might comprehend with health-related explanations and instructions. Objective: To calculate oral health literacy level of patients reporting for dental treatment and correlation of the aforementioned with patients’ decision-making capacity regarding dental treatment. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with a pilot study on 60 patients in University Dental Hospital, University of Lahore through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Sample of 200 patients was collected over a period of five months (June 2022-October 2022). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Study was divided into two phases; in Phase I, REALD-30 scale was used. Phase-II involved individuals scoring 11-30 points on REALD-30 scale and who had to complete a self-administered 5-point Likert scale questionnaire with eleven closed-ended items in order to determine their level of decision-making. Results: Study revealed that there was significant association between Oral Health Literacy Level with getting prior information concerning dental issue (p=0.032), ability to appraise the decided treatment plan (p=0.033) and opinion regarding follow up visits (p=0.026). Conclusions: The results of the current study revealed a tenuous link between education, employment position, oral health literacy, and decision-making regarding dental treatment strategy. Effective patient-dentist communication generates strong link between the two leading to compliance of patients with treatment plan suggested by experts
Comparison of Complications in Patients with Central Venous Catheter Placement Via Internal Jugular, Subclavian and Femoral Route at Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Haroon Mohammad , Anwer Ayesha
Published: January 2023

Central venous lines are passed in almost all patients admitted in intensive care unit and a need still exist to look for best route for this purpose. Objective: To compare the complications in patients with central venous catheter passed via internal jugular, subclavian and femoral route at intensive care unit. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 patients admitted in intensive care unit of Bahria International Hospital RWP from January 2022 to June 2022. Central venous catheters were passed by consultant critical care specialist on call at the time of reception of patient in unit. All the patients were observed for one week for presence of any local or systemic complications. Results: Out of 380 patients, 240 (63.2%) were male while 140 (36.8%) were female. Central venous catheter was passed via internal jugular vein in 220 (57.8%) patients, via subclavian route in 60 (15.8%) patients and via femoral route in 100 (26.3%) patients. Failed attempts were seen statistically significantly more in internal jugular route (p-value-0.041) while local cellulitis was seen more in femoral route (p-value-0.012). Conclusions: Internal Jugular vein was the route most commonly used for insertion of central venous catheter in patients admitted in our intensive care unit. Complications were seen more not very common in our setting. Failed attempts were more seen in internal jugular route while local cellulitis was seen more in femoral route.
Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Defining Components of Research Process among Dental Graduates
Authors: Tariq Shanzay , Alamgir Wajiha , Haider Adeel , Jabbar Uzma , Javaid Maheen , Chaudhary Fatima
Published: January 2023

Modern breakthroughs significantly improve life span and quality. Conducting research should be viewed as crucial to medical education. Critical thinking and reasoning abilities must be developed if dental practitioners are to embrace a positive viewpoint of scientific study. Therefore, efforts are being made for graduate dentists to bridge gap between understanding research process and its components. Objectives: To determine how well dental graduates understood key elements of research process. Decisions and curriculum changes for bettering knowledge and conducting research could be made using study's findings. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed and conducted among house officers of University Dental Hospital, University of Lahore. Self-administered questionnaire was designed and circulated among various dental schools in area. For data analysis, SPSS Version 25.0 was used. Results: Total of 161 participants took part in current study out of which majority (n=107, 66.4%) were females and minority (n=54, 44.6%) were males with the age group lying between 23-25 years. Bulk of study participants (n= 53, 32.9%) rarely had any experience in research. Participants indicated that they were knowledgeable about research and its components, scoring 48% fair, 16% good, and 6% excellent, although 30% of them showed inadequate understanding. Conclusions: The majority of dental graduates believed they had poor to fair knowledge of how to plan, carry out, and write a research project
Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom On 3rd Year Students of Oral Medicine Subject to Achieve the Learning Outcome
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Usmani Ambreen
Published: January 2023

In the flipped learning technique, the lesson content is supplied to students prior to the actual class, often in an online form, as background knowledge to prepare for the face-to-face time. In this approach, it puts students in an active learning situation, including them in the learning process prior to class. Objective: To determine the efficacy of flipped classroom in achieving learning objectives in third-year BDS students studying Oral Medicine. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, LUMHS, Jamshoro. Study was conducted from November 20th 2021 to February 21st 2022. The third-year BDS students of Oral Medicine (100 students) were categorized into two groups (Group-A traditional teaching method n=50 and Group-B flipped classroom teaching method n=50). The pre-test and post-test were conducted. Results: Around 60% of the students were satisfied that the instructions for the pre-class preparation were clear but 20% remain neutral. Around 40% agreed that the teaching schedule allow enough time to prepare for the class and 20% were strongly agreed but 40% remained neutral. In terms of post-test scores in both teaching methods, flipped method technique showed a significantly higher 8.45±0.30 versus the traditional method technique of 5.83±0.17 (p-<0.001). Conclusion: Third Year BDS students of oral medicine identified flipped learning as a dynamic student-centered technique for teaching
Prevalence of Psychological distress among mothers of β-Thalassemia children in a developing country
Authors: Anwar Haniyah , Zafar Zeeshan , Jahangir Jawad , Khalid Hiba , Wajid Ayesha , Khan Sarfraz
Published: January 2023

Beta-thalassemia major (BTM) is one of the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathies in Pakistan, with 9.8 million persons in the general population and gene carriers (5-7%). The mothers of these chronically ill patients often endure many challenges associated with caregiving. Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress experienced by mothers of children suffering from BTM in a developing country. Methods: From March 2022 to August 2022, this descriptive cross-sectional study was done among mothers of thalassemic children who presented to the Outpatient Department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital in Rawalpindi. A self-structured questionnaire consisting of 1) Socio-demographic characteristics and 2) the Kessler-10 (K-10) Distress Measure was used to collect data. To determine the level of psychological distress among mothers of children, a descriptive analysis was done. The Spearman correlation was used to explore the relationship between demographic factors and the level of psychological distress experienced by mothers of children with thalassemia. Results: The mean age of mothers being interviewed was 37.65±3.63 years. Out of 83 mothers, 54 (65.1%) had psychological distress. The children's age (r= -.275) and any psychological support taken by mother (r= -.253) were correlated (p < .05) negatively with the severity of psychological distress. Conclusions: Our study identified that most mothers of children suffering from thalassemia had psychological distress. Thus, these mothers are at risk of poor health outcomes and should be targeted for screening and treatments focused on improving their health and well-being
Prevalence of Coccydynia Among Postpartum Women
Authors: Arif Abida , Sardar Soha , Farah Gilani Maymoonah , Muneer Rashida , Naz Aqsa , Manzoor Nosheen , Kashif Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Coccydynia is a painful condition of the coccyx that can have various etiologies. Females are affected five times more than males by this condition. In addition to being chronic and difficult to manage, its symptoms can be detrimental to quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of coccydynia among postpartum women. Methods: In this study, 881 postpartum women were selected through non probability convenience sampling from obstetrics and gynecology ward of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Self-structured questionnaire was used which contains different sections; section 1 contains Demographic information of the participants; section 2 contains subjective and Objective assessment.  Two tests straight leg raise and per rectal were performed confirm coccydynia. SPSS version 21.0 were used to enter and analysis the data. Results: Test According to SLR test, 396(45%) were positive and 485(55%) were negative in SLR test. According to PR test, 538(61%) were positive and 343(39%) were negative in PR test. The finding of the study shows that 538(61%) postpartum females have coccydynia. A significant relationship was found between Coccydynia and the method of delivery (p<.005), position with less pain (p<.001), and intensity of pain (<p.001). Conclusions: Coccydynia is most commonly found in postpartum women based on the results of this study. Coccydynia was also significantly associated with the method of delivery, the position with less pain, and the intensity of the pain during childbirth
Comparison of Cervical Vertebral Maturation with Fishman’s Skeletal Maturity Index Method in Assessment of Growth Status
Authors: Ul Hassan Faizan , Ayub Ali , Hussain Nadeem , Hussain Sarfaraz , Khalid Memon Madiha , Ali Rizvi Ausaf , Ayman Bokhari Saba , Mehmood Shah Ahsan , Shams Salman
Published: January 2023

Assessment of skeletal maturity is paramount for orthodontists since optimal use and effectiveness of orthodontic and orthopedic appliances depends on it. Objective: To compare the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) with Fishman’s hand wrist radiograph (HWR) method in assessment of growth status. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontics department at the Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar on 100 participants. The patients with 9 to 15 years of age, relatively well aligned arches, both genders, mild to moderate skeletal discrepancy, minimal dental compensations, vertical normal angle, and without temporomandibular joint disorders were included. Along with age and gender, stages of HWR and CVM were recorded.  HWRs were acquired by standardized method and lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position.  The staging of HWR was done by using Fishman method while CVM staging. Comparison of CVM stages and Fishmann’s HWR stages were done using chi-square test. Results: The mean age was 11.79 ± 1.62 years.   The females were 53(53%) and males were 47(47%). Most common stage of CVM was III (n=33, 33%) followed by IV (n=27, 27%). Similarly, common stage of hand wrist radiograph was III (n=32, 32%) followed by IV (n=28, 28%).There was no statistically significant different between two methods for assessing skeletal growth status (p=0.697). Conclusions: Cervical vertebral maturation can have used as an alternative to hand wrist radiograph for growth assessment without an extra radiation
Practices On Safe-Handling of Cytotoxic Drugs Among Oncology Nurses in Two Public Sector Hospitals
Authors: Khalid Naila , Masih Sarfraz , Afzal Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Administration of cytotoxic medicines (CDs) and occupational exposure to them are global issues. Inappropriate handling can lead to harmful residues getting into patient care areas, hospitals, and even the homes of patients. Objectives: To access the practices of nurses regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs and to evaluate the association among the level of practices and socio-demographic profile of the participants. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 183 nurses of oncology department of public sector tertiary care hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan. The nurses working in oncology departments of age ranges 20 years to 50 years and having at least six months’ experience in oncology units were included in the study. Results: The majority (56%) of the nurses reported “Good Practices” regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs followed by Fair practices (38%) and poor practices (6%). No significant association was reported among the level of practices and socio-demographic profile of the participants. Conclusions: Safe handling of cytotoxic drugs is very important aspect and the nurses can prevent their selves as well as the patients from complications. Overall, good practices were reported by the nurses regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs but still a large proportion of the nurses have fair and poor practices. Effective measures are needed to enhance the practices of nurse’s working in oncology nurses regarding safe handling of cytotoxic drugs
The Effect of Yoga on Pain and Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Umar Muhammad , Shahid Hamza , Haq Kiran , Asif Somiya , Talha Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Dysmenorrhea is a painful syndrome that accompanies the menstrual cycles. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of yoga exercises on pain and quality of life in female undergraduate students suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: After taking approval from Ethical review committee of Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, an observation type of cross-section survey was conducted in 470 young undergraduate female students of age between 17-26, suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. By non-probability sampling participants were divided into two groups. Group-1 was of those females who had active lifestyle and doing yoga exercises and group-2 were of those who had sedentary lifestyle and didn’t do any kind of exercise. To measure the outcome variables, EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was used to measure QoL & NPRS to measure pain. Data were taken at baseline and after 12th week. Wilcoxon rank test was used for within group analysis and Mann Whitney U test was used to compare mean between groups. Data was analyzed in SPSS software version 21 along with Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: 21.16+2.66 &22.27+2.53 was the Mean+SD of age of group-1 & group-2 respectively. Between groups analysis revealed that p-value for NPRS was <0.05 but was >0.05 in quality of life. Conclusion: Yoga exercises are safer and easiest way to manage pain of primary dysmenorrhea in undergraduate females without any drug use.
Scenario of HIV infection in Pakistan
Authors: Jawad Ahmed Fridoon
Published: January 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which was previously lethal, has evolved into a chronic disease that may be treated and well-managed. HIV levels in the bloodstream may become undetectable with antiretroviral therapy (ART). All those providing care for people living with HIV should be aware of the risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment, acute HIV infection, possible opportunistic infections, and malignancies. Preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis regimens allow for preventive treatment. Home healthcare specialists can help people follow their drug schedules, assess the effectiveness of their treatments, and identify HIV problems and ART side effects. The ability to support, inform, and counsel people living with HIV and their families is most crucial [1].

Approximately 38.9 million people worldwide were living with HIV, 25.4 million had access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), 1.7 million had just recently contracted the virus, and 690,000 had passed away from AIDS-related illnesses, according to a Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS 2020 report.  Although Pakistan's national HIV/AIDS control program was established in 1987, the number of new HIV/AIDS cases has been rising quickly ever since. In Pakistan, 160,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS as of 2018, yet only 10% of them were receiving ART. 3 Increasing people with HIV/AIDS' access to ART has a number of positive effects, including delaying the advancement of the disease, extending life expectancy, and enhancing people's quality of life and mental health [2].

"More than 1,000 new HIV cases are reported each month from all four provinces, including the capitol city Islamabad, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit Baltistan. This demonstrates unequivocally that homosexuals, persons who inject drugs, male, female, and transgender sex workers, and other critical demographics are now spreading HIV to the broader community. During the final 10 months of 2022, 9,773 people in Pakistan had HIV tests that were positive, casting significant doubt on HIV preventive and control initiatives and amply demonstrating the spread of HIV from important populations to the general public. New HIV infections account for a sizable portion of low-risk males, females, and clients of critical communities, showing an increase in HIV transmission to bridging populations [3].

The increased rate of HIV in Pakistan pose a risk to a healthy population, blood recipients etc. Therefore, surrounding communities should also be checked for HIV. The government should direct public education campaigns in coordination with NGOs. To prevent any future epidemics, barbers and unlicensed health professionals in remote regions should receive training.
BEYOND THE ‘HUMAN’: THE EXTRA-HUMAN QUALITIES IN DORIS LESSING’S “THE FIFTH CHILD”
Authors: Priyadarsini Preeti
Published: January 2023

The paper focuses on exploring Doris Lessing's novel 'Never Let Me Go' using the theme of posthumanism. The objective would be to make an analogy between humanism and posthumanism and concentrate upon the shifting of focus or decentering from the human to the other non- human entities and study through different perspectives other than the human. The persistent shifting of borders to include a greater number of beings in the network or web of existence is the key matter running throughout the paper. The ever plying transcendence towards the frontier or periphery and no concrete demarcation between the ontological boundaries is the aspect that we need to give light to and make our subject of study. How Lessing's novel does so even without making use of the very term posthumanism is to be looked upon with an amazing sense of wonder. What draws more attention is how schools of thought resemble highlighting a similitude and cutting borders.
ENHANCING COMMUNICATIVE & LSRW SKILLS TO THE STUDENTS OF RURAL BACKGROUND AT UNDER-GRADUATE LEVEL: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Be Khader
Published: January 2023

The classical assumption that academic knowledge is an end in itself had undergone a tremendous change in the present global scenario where proficiency in spoken and written forms of English has acquired enormous importance. The market is always gutted with people possessing knowledge in medicine, engineering, architecture, accountancy etc. But the person who has knowledge plus ability to express his ideas coherently and undoubtedly is headed for higher success rate. We hear the fashionable rate phrase good communication skills widely bandied about these days. The art of communication has become a sine qua non for success in every sphere of life. Without good communication skills, one cannot function effectively, whether as a housewife or businessman, office secretary or club secretary, employee or employer, information hunter or bargain hunter, colleague or friend.
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING READING ENGLISH AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
Authors: Jyothi Dr. Sravana
Published: January 2023

Teachers generally like silent reading classrooms, seeing the quiet is indicative of actual learning taking place. This may be true in many cases, but there are certain drawbacks to these quiet reading classes. Sometimes, students do not cooperate and they do not even focus on the given task. It becomes really difficult task for teachers to assess whether the learning is taking place or not in the class room. Ultimately, these quiet non interactive class rooms may hamper the learning interest of students. This paper presents different methods of reading to be adopted by teachers to inculcate successful reading skills to students at the undergraduate level. This paper further stresses on knowing the students level of understanding which is the focal point for the selection of material.