bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questionner en classe le texte littéraire du point de vue du droit : une motivation pour la lecture littéraire ?
Authors: Mas Marion
Published: December 2023

Cet article cherche à mettre en relief l’intérêt des approches théoriques du mouvement « droit et littérature » dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la lecture littéraire. D’une part, l’analyse s’appuie sur les travaux de Martha Nussbaum et de François Ost, considérant la littérature comme un espace privilégié d’exercice du jugement pratique ; d’autre part, elle mobilise la « critique judiciaire » de Caroline Julliot, qui, dans le prolongement de la « critique policière » de Pierre Bayard, s’attache à juger ou à rejuger les personnages de fiction, en dressant leur « instruction » à partir d’une lecture approfondie du texte. Ces démarches, qui invitent à postuler une analogie entre l’acte de lecture et l’opération de jugement, conduisent à questionner l’acte de lecture et, à l’issue de l’observation d’une séquence menée dans deux classes, à proposer un dispositif didactique à trois dimensions (reposant sur la fiction du rôle de juge, le débat interprétatif et la contextualisation), visant un décentrement du sujet lecteur, en vue d’un retour approfondi au texte et du développement de compétences lectorales et interprétatives spécifiques.
Digital Mental Health Interventions for Children and Youth
Authors: Machado Alexandra Silva , Ferreira Bianca , Pereira Catarina Ye , Carrola Carolina , de Melo Bruno Bastos Vieira , Campos Carlos
Published: December 2023

The period from childhood to adolescence is critical for mental health promotion, as it is estimated that, worldwide, approximately 10% to 20% of individuals in this age group have mental health problems that may lead to mental disorders that may persist throughout adulthood. Furthermore, recent studies show that mental health problems during childhood and adolescence contribute to a decrease in academic performance and an increase of risk-taking behaviors, self-injury, and suicide, with consequences into adulthood. Thus, preventing mental health problems in children and adolescents is essential to promote positive lifelong outcomes for young people. Schools are a privileged context for creating favorable environments for the implementation of mental health promotion programs, effectively and with long-term benefits. This context allows for an early intervention during the phase of development of socioemotional skills, thus enhancing the results of the programs themselves, contributing to the healthy development of children and youth and to a higher academic achievement of students.
Exposure to Immersive Relaxing Virtual Environments for Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Pereira Miguel , Oliveira Patrícia , Gomes Manuela , de Sousa Sara
Published: December 2023

Hospitalized patients are often characterized by various stress factors that can have an impact on their mental health and hospital experience. Improving the quality of life of these bedridden patients is an important task by relieving their anxiety, reducing their pain, and encouraging them in their fight against disease. Virtual reality has already been proved to be a novel and promising tool to improve the quality of life of hospitalized patients. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to focus on studies that gave evidence to the feasibility of virtual reality relaxation therapies for hospitalized patients, which virtual reality relaxation therapies are most used, and the benefits and limitations of this type of intervention.
Social Alarms for Elderly Care
Authors: Kutlu Özge , Sütlü Sevinç
Published: December 2023

The increase in the older adult population inevitably highlights their needs and problems. Therefore, contemporary societies may need to offer affordable solutions to satisfy older adults' needs, particularly health, care, and safety, to facilitate their social participation and maintain their functionality. In this sense, rapidly advancing technologies may introduce solutions while attempting to assist older adults with such needs. A social alarm, a product of gerontechnology, may be shown among such technological services to fill the gap in older adult care and protection. This chapter explores the impacts of social alarms on older adults' perceived loneliness and social participation through the existing knowledge in the relevant literature and exemplary project implementation.
Virtual Reality in Bullying Prevention at School Age
Authors: Cunha Ana Filipa , Rocha Fabiana , Silva Telma Costa , Faias Joaquim , Cruz Patrícia
Published: December 2023

Bullying refers to a specific form of violence that triggers anxiety and difficult social situations, and has now been identified as a problem at school age, a stage that is characterized by physical and socioemotional changes and challenges. The difficult situations that characterize bullying are possible to experience or relive through virtual reality. This can thus enable the resolution of these problems, since it provides, through a simulated environment, different stimuli, and evocations of real experiences. Thus, this chapter aims to understand how virtual reality can contribute to the prevention of bullying at school age. For this purpose, the authors address topics such as information and communication technologies; virtual reality; virtual reality in mental health, and virtual reality in bullying. The aim is to emphasize the importance of preventing bullying at school age and the consequent improvement in the quality of life of these individuals.
The Evolution of Corporate Governance in Asian Markets
Authors: Siddika Aysa , Sarwar Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Corporate governance practices in the Asian market have come under intense scrutiny in recent years after a series of high-profile corporate scandals exposed weaknesses in the legal framework, enforcement, and monitoring. These scandals have highlighted the need for more transparency, accountability, and responsible business practices. In response, many Asian countries have instituted institutional and regulatory reforms to improve corporate governance practices and strengthen shareholder rights. While challenges remain, the evolution of corporate governance in Asia represents an important step toward establishing more responsible and sustainable business practices in the region.
Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology
Authors: Jaber Wassim
Published: December 2023

Recent strides in AI and nanotechnology are converging remarkably. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview, exploring their principles and applications. Journeying through AI and nanotechnology's history, the authors highlight milestones that shape our understanding of their present and future. They delve into AI fundamentals like machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing. Transitioning to nanotechnology, they explore its history, principles, and nanoscale material significance. Building on this, they investigate their synergy, showcasing AI's optimization of nanomaterial design. Addressing ethics, privacy, and environment, responsible implementation is essential. This chapter introduces the captivating AI-nanotech world, paving the way for deeper discussions. Along with the reader, the authors embark on an enlightening journey into their convergence's boundless potential.
Artificial Intelligence Integration With Nanotechnology
Authors: Jaber Hussein A.H. , Saleh Zahraa , Jaber Wassim , Badran Adnan , Nasser Hatem
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence integration with nanotechnology unveils transformative advancements achieved through their convergence. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of recent interdisciplinary developments resulting from seamless AI and nanotechnology integration. It highlights AI's pivotal role in nanotech research, spanning scanning probe microscopy, nanoscale material classification, and more. The chapter explores nanocomputing's potential, driven by this synergy, pushing information sciences toward novel computational power and data representation. Healthcare undergoes profound changes, leveraging AI-nanotech fusion for precision medicine, cancer treatment, and drug delivery, promising improved outcomes. Advocating their joint potential, this chapter envisions a future revolutionizing industries, fostering scientific breakthroughs, and enhancing human well-being.
Unifying Linguistic Landscapes
Authors: Gutierrez Jr. Ray
Published: December 2023

This chapter examines how recent artificial intelligence and nanotechnology innovations could help overcome persistent global language barriers that hamper communication. It explores the progression of machine translation capabilities leveraging neural networks to achieve near-human-level accuracy. The chapter also considers how nanotechnology may enable real-time translation through augmented reality and wearable devices. However, these technologies also pose challenges regarding potential misuse, biases, and unintended cultural impacts. Therefore, responsible advancement of these technologies is imperative, ensuring they are deployed equitably to benefit all of society. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the associated technologies and their integrated applications while also discussing prudent research directions and policies needed to steer these fields toward the greater good. Overall, it strikes a balance between enthusiasm for the future capabilities of AI and nanotech in translation and a cautious approach to their development.
Ethical and Social Implications of AI and Nanotechnology
Authors: Jaber Hussein Mohamad , Saleh Zahraa Adnan , Jaber Wassim , Amil Wissam
Published: December 2023

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology presents transformative prospects across various sectors, from healthcare and industry to environment and ethics. This synthesis delves into the intricate interplay of these technologies, exploring their ethical implications, societal impact, regulatory frameworks, and environmental considerations. The synergy of AI and nanotech unlocks innovation, but also demands vigilance in addressing bias, accountability, and privacy concerns. Equitable access, workforce shifts, and transparent governance emerge as vital in shaping a responsible future. In healthcare, ethical deliberations encompass patient privacy, fairness, and responsibility in AI-driven decision-making. As industries reshape, collaboration becomes crucial to navigate job changes while environmental stewardship demands energy efficiency and sustainable practices. This synthesis illuminates a path where innovation harmonizes with ethical values to drive progress.
All Users Are Equal, but Some Users Are More Equal Than Others
Authors: Murteira Carla Sofia Ribeiro , Antunes Ana Cristina
Published: December 2023

The study of social influence in social media settings has gained significant importance in the last years due to the advent of the internet and the increase of social media users and followers of social media influencers (SMI). This chapter focuses on the followers' psychological experience by reviewing how SMIs are perceived by followers and what moves the users to follow SMIs. Users follow SMI in an attempt to obtain information, inspiration, and entertainment, therefore brands have the chance to promote their products and services based on an appealing communication that can be provided by the SMI. However, the SMIs' perceived credibility, trustworthiness, authenticity, and expertise can impact not just the interaction with followers but also the brand image. It is recommended that brands conduct a continuous and careful assessment of SMIs' communication style and followers' perceptions to improve followers' attitudes towards the brands and their purchase intentions.
Virtual Influencers
Authors: Barbosa Belem
Published: December 2023

Virtual influencers are rapidly gaining significance in the digital marketing realm. This study offers an overview of the fragmented landscape of virtual influencer research, addressing key contributions, themes, methodologies, and future directions. Employing a bibliometric analysis approach, the research examined 52 articles from the Scopus database, shedding light on the evolving field. Findings underscore a dispersed literature landscape that began in 2020, spanning 44 distinct outlets and involving 138 authors. The prevailing research primarily centers on general social media users' perceptions of virtual influencers, leaving substantial gaps in the study of actual followers. Many pieces of research exhibit a lack of methodological rigor and theoretical framework. As the discipline progresses, there is an emergent need for enhanced methodologies that focus on genuine followers and encompass broader managerial objectives. The prospects for subsequent research in this domain are vast and promising.
Artificial Intelligence as a Promising Technology
Authors: Hassan Shuaibu Chiroma , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence is a global technological phenomenon with a wide range of possibilities to be applied in almost all areas of human life. It simplifies and makes tasks more manageable, thereby destroying many jobs across the globe. However, the current literature on the subject highlights various challenges and new areas of its application. The primary purpose of the research is to explore, through several types of literature, the current issues on artificial intelligence, prospects, and challenges in the daily lives of human beings. The study will present the options for AI applications to make life convenient and identify how and where the technology could be applied in addition to its current application in different areas of human life. In addition, it will add to the body of growing literature on the subject, which scholars and students will find helpful. The study shows that multiple technologies (AI with others could be integrated) provide synergy and convenience to get a competitive edge in the industry.
Energy Solutions Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ashok M. , Ganesan Kavitha , Saravanan R. , Kumar R.
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing energy by optimizing production, distribution, and consumption. It predicts demand, improves network management, integrates renewable energy sources, and increases efficiency and reliability. AI-controlled systems adjust consumption according to demand and environmental factors, optimizing energy use. Preventive maintenance reduces downtime and improves infrastructure reliability. Artificial intelligence algorithms predict renewable energy production, manage supply and demand, and optimize energy storage in line with sustainable development. Artificial intelligence is transforming energy trading through data analysis and peer-to-peer transactions. Artificial intelligence, blockchain, smart contracts, and the internet of things will optimize production, consumption, and transactions, promoting energy independence and resilience.
Human-AI Collaboration in Environmental Decision Making
Authors: Goalla Aakanksha , Shefali P. , Sushmitha Koshika
Published: December 2023

In a crowded, interconnected world, it is becoming increasingly important to consider the ethical implications of decisions made by humans and AI. When AI and humans work together on decision-making in environmental policy, novel ethical considerations arise that require both parties to work in cooperation with one another. One party may be more knowledgeable about the situation at hand while the other may have access to resources not as readily available for a single party. There are many potential benefits for human-AI collaboration including efficiency, improving accuracy of predictions, expanding knowledge base and breadth of expertise without bias from a single perspective, etc. However, there are also potential drawbacks such as differing stances on ethics among different parties involved in collaboration. It is also possible that a party working in collaboration with a machine may not realize the extent of its involvement.
Future of Islamic Finance in India
Authors: Shukla Shipra , Ahmed Ezaz , P. C. Libeesh , Dhimmar Sonali
Published: December 2023

Thematic finance a study of financial investment approach on specific trends in society or economy with broader concept related to social, environmental, or economic changes that can include clean energy, technology innovation, healthcare advancements, or demographic shifts. It considers factors like asset class and geographical region. It covers investment details of companies or industry that are related to a specific trend. The area of Islamic finance with a thematic approach in India is growing, due to increase demand for ethical and Shariah-compliant investment option, the country's significant infrastructure needs, and the potential for socially responsible and sustainable investing. However, overcoming regulatory hurdles and increasing awareness remain essential for the growth of Islamic finance, including thematic finance, in the Indian financial landscape.
Legal Efficiency of Secure Transactions Framework in India
Authors: Pardhey Nanda , Yuni Denis N.
Published: December 2023

Virtual technological development has revolutionized banking, financial, and capital market transactions in the world. A majority of transactions are taking place through online banking, net banking, or Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions, with few other portals giving the ease and comfort to do transaction in one's comfort zone without going to banks or withdrawing money in offline modes to be paid. The rapid evolution of online and UPI transactions has transformed the way transactions are conducted, shifting a significant portion of commerce to the digital realm. In this context, the efficiency of legal frameworks for secure transactions is of paramount importance to ensure trust, reduce risks, and foster economic growth without sabotaging the customers transactions security concerns. The transactions taking place in past in offline mode and presently in online mode had delves into the nexus between secure transactions and electronic transactions, exploring the impact of emerging technologies such as blockchain, UPI, and net banking that have posed challenges.
Monitoring of Islamic Finance Activity to Economic Growth
Authors: Rusmita Sylva Alif , Fathurrohman Muhamad Said , Cahyono Eko Fajar , Samad Khairunnisa Abd
Published: December 2023

Increasing users of Sharia financial products can provide a stimulus for economic growth contribution in Indonesia. Considering that fact, this study aims to monitoring Islamic Finance activities on Economic Growth in the long and short term. Granger causality and VECM tests are appropriate analytical tools to determine the purpose study. The data from this research was taken from Indonesia financial service authority and Indonesia central bureau of statistics from 2009Q1 to 2023Q1. The results obtained show that the Islamic capital market influences economic growth, because investment can develop countries and at the end increase people's income. The implication research is that the government is expected to increase the stability of capital market conditions so that investors will generate capital gains from investment activities which in turn will increase economic growth. In addition, innovation and regulation are needed to increase the contributions of the Islamic banking and Islamic insurance sector to the Indonesian economic growth.
Perceptions of Self-Learners of English Toward Mobile Language Learning
Authors: Aljasir Nouf
Published: December 2023

This mixed-method research was conducted to examine the perceptions of self-learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) toward mobile learning (m-learning) apps. It integrated several constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and constructivist learning theory (CLT) to provide a detailed picture of the learners' perceptions. The study also examined variations in learner perceptions based on their gender and age. A total of 292 participants took part in this research, and data were triangulated from quantitative and qualitative instruments. The findings revealed positive perceptions among the learners toward English m-learning apps as well as a strong and positive relationship between the learners' TAM-based and CLT-based perceptions. Although gender did not significantly affect the learners' perceptions, age did exert some influence on both behavioral intention and actual use of the apps. The study concludes with several pedagogical implications and recommendations for future research.
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva : A case report
Authors: Nugaliyadde A , Jayasinghe Y.B. , Wickramasinghe W.M.M.H.P. , Gobyshanker T.
Published: December 2023

No abstract available.
Role of growth modulation in the management of idiopathic scoliosis: A narrative review of literature
Authors: Prabhavi R.P. Umanda , Amarasekera Hiran
Published: December 2023

Scoliosis is a condition in which there is a lateral curve to the spine. The cause of scoliosis is unknown, but different aetiologies have been suggested, but mostly cause has been idiopathic in nature. Muscle spasms, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, and tumours (neurofibromatosis) are some of the suggested aetiologies. Progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects mainly girls and anterior spinal overgrowth during the second growth spurt appear to be a significant cause. The diagnosis of scoliosis is primarily a clinical suspicion followed by an AP and lateral X ray of spine in standing position. Measurement of the Cobb angle is the standard method of assessing the curvature in a quantitative manner. It is the angle between two lines, drawn perpendicular to the upper endplate of the first vertebra involved and the lower endplate of the last vertebra involved. Cobb angles are followed for both curves for those with two curves. Risser classification grades the skeletal maturity on X rays and is considered along with the Cobb angle to making a decision towards surgery. Indications for surgical correction of scoliosis is not clearly defined however, the treatment of scoliosis is based on the severity and progressive nature of the curve. Cobb angle above 40 degrees, rapidly progressing curve, major thoracic deformity affecting the function such as breathing and cosmetic reasons, are some of the indications for surgery. There are several modalities of surgical correction. Main method has been correction of the deformity and fixation with one or two rods and pedicle screws followed by bone grafting. Harrington rods were the primarily used system, but with time many spinal instrumentation systems and rods have been introduced to the market. Apart from using rods some have tried anterior vertebral body stapling and anterior vertebral body tethering for correction scoliosis using the principle of growth modulation.

We conducted a systematic review to answer the question, 'What is the role of growth modulation in the management of idiopathic scoliosis?' All articles / publications published from 2010 May to 2019 October were used as research data. A health, related database (PubMed) was used for the search. Search criteria revealed 99 articles initially and 37 articles after filtered based on title reading. Then 18 articles were selected for the final analysis after being filtered manually by reading summary and abstracts of each article.
Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in the management of chronic appendicitis
Authors: Abdelgawaad Moamen S. , Elnabi Abd Elrazik Mahmoud H. , Badee Mena H. , Sobhy Ragai
Published: December 2023

Background

The term ‘chronic appendicitis’ (CA) is still clearly undefined. However, once established, it necessitates appendectomy, which could be performed via open or laparoscopic approaches. Comparisons between the two approaches have been made in acute appendicitis cases, with no previous trials including CA patients. That is why we conducted this study to compare these two approaches in the management of CA patients.

Methodology

50 CA were included in our prospective trial, and they were randomly assigned into two groups; the OA group (25 open appendectomy patients) and the LA group (25 laparoscopic appendectomy cases).

Results

The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups regarding most preoperative characteristics. The laparoscopic approach was associated with significant prolongation in operative time that had an average of 1 h in the LA group, while it ranged between 0.5 and 1 h in the OA group (P = 0.005). Nonetheless, laparoscopy led to a significantly better postoperative recovery profile, manifested in the shorter hospitalization period (1 vs. 2 days in the open approach) and less postoperative pain (all patients with mild pain compared with moderate pain in the open group). Only 2 (8%) casesexperienced temporary vomiting in the OA group.

Conclusion

Laparoscopy is superior to the open approach in the management of chronic appendicitis patients. It is associated with a better analgesic profile, a shorter hospitalization period, and a better chance of detecting other concomitant intraabdominal pathologies. However, the increased operative time should be considered.
Tricuspid annuloplasty using autologous pericardial strip versus conventional suture annuloplasty (the De Vega and Kay methods) for repair of functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Helmy Ahmed , Elkariem Mohsen A. , Moftah Hassan , Elnahas Yasser , Elkader Amr M. A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common sequelae associated with left-sided heart valve diseases due to right ventricular and tricuspid annular dilatations. Surgical repair for significant TR has been demonstrated to enhance patient outcomes and lower mortality rates.

Aim

The primary endpoint is to evaluate the short-term outcomes of tricuspid annuloplasty employing a flexible band of autologous pericardium compared with the traditional suture annuloplasty procedures.

Patients and methods

A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with moderate to severe functional TR and left-sided valvular lesions who comprised two study groups. Group (A) included 50 patients who got tricuspid valve repair utilizing a flexible band constructed of autologous pericardium. Whereas group (B) included 50 patients who had traditional suture annuloplasty. The repaired valve was evaluated intraoperatively.

Postoperative follow-up was done for mean duration of 24 ms±12 ms by clinical examination and transthoracic echocardiography.

Results

Both tricuspid annuloplasty techniques resulted in good short-term outcomes, including improvements in TR status and reduction of right a-trial diameters. The use of a pericardial stripasa flexible band did not exhibit any degeneration or retraction over the duration of the study.

Conclusion

For the surgical repair of functional TR, tricuspid annuloplasty utilizing a pericardial band made of the autologous pericardium is an effective alternative. The surgical decision should be made based on the unique characteristics of the patient and variables related to long-term durability. To verify these findings, more research with bigger populations and longer follow-up times are required.
The rational of Cloquet lymph node as a sentinel lymph node in iliac dissection in lower limb melanoma
Authors: Alhanafy Saad S. , Elsisy Alaa A.E. , Alabassy Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2023

Background and aims

Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy (LM/SL) is a growingly popular operating procedure for staging regional lymph nodes in early-stage melanoma. The groin is a promising area for this method since superficial groin dissection and iliac dissection have a significant risk of morbidity. There is currently no consensus on how best to treat cases with tumor-positive sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) during surgery involving these basins.

Methods

A total of 182 cases were treated using the LM/SL method. There was consistent detection of sentinel lymph nodes. SN dissection was performed on patients who had tumor in their SN. A hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to analyze the sentinel lymph nodes. Patient selection for SN dissection was based only on the presence of tumor in that node. Computerized database containing log-rank tests and Cox regression models for statistical analysis.

Results

61% of the 182 cases were female, with an average age of 50 (range, 15–89). Tumor-positive SNs were detected in 21% of cases. 67% of cases were identified to have sentinel full lymph node dissection and a single tumor-positive lymph node after LM/SL, whereas 27% had 2 tumor-positive lymph nodes and 6% had 3 or more tumor-positive lymph nodes. Recurrence in the dissected basin occurs in just 4% of individuals with tumor-negative SNs. Cases whose lymph nodes tested negative for tumors had a significantly greater 5-year overall survival (mean±SD, 94% 5%) compared with those whose lymph nodes tested positive for tumors (meanSD, 75% 4%; P 0.01). Primary tumor thickness (P = 0.03), Tumor-positive SN (P 0.001) and ulceration (P = 0.001) were revealed to be important indicators of survival in multivariate studies using a Cox regression model.

Conclusions

This surgical treatment ought to become common for cases with early-stage melanoma of the lower extremities and trunk because the accuracy of LM/SL as judged by the infrequent recurrences implies that it should. When a tumor-positive SN is found in the groin, it is important to take a sample from the Cloquet node so that one may decide whether or not an iliac dissection is necessary.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and cholecystectomy for cholecysto-choledocholithiasis − The same operator: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Omar Mohammed A. , Redwan Alaa A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) plus either intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (intraERCP) or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) are one-stage, minimally invasive procedures to treat cholecysto-choledocholithiasis. This study aimed to compare the safety, efficacy, and surgical outcomes of the LC-intraERCP and LC-LCBDE for patients with cholecysto-choledocholithiasis. Both authors completely performed both procedures.

Patients and methods

This multicenter randomized controlled trial included 218 patients with cholecysto-choledocholithiasis randomized to LC-intraERCP (n = 109) and LC-LCBDE (n = 109) treatment groups between February 2019 and October 2022. The primary outcome was a technical success, while conversion to open surgery, operative time, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and cost were considered secondary outcomes.

Results

Both groups had no significant differences in success (94.5% for LC-intraERCP and 87.2% for LC-LCBDE) and morbidity rate. The conversion to open surgery, the mean operative time, the length of hospital stay, and the cost were significantly lower in the LC-intraERCP. There was no mortality in either group.

Conclusion

LC-intraERCP is safer and more effective than LC-LCBDE for treating cholecysto-choledocholithiasis. Moreover, it is associated with reduced hospital stay and cost.
Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown on admission of surgical emergencies at Ain Shams University Hospital
Authors: Fadl Ehab M.A. , Helmy Ramy , Hanafy Dina M.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Globally speaking, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare services. Several publications about the restructuring of surgical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic have been written, but few of them have specifically addressed the effects of this restructuring on the emergency and trauma surgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Egypt’s national lockdown on admissions for acute surgical conditions at Ain Shams University Hospitals and compare those numbers to any existing international literature.

Methods:

The data were collected from the records of the surgical emergency department at Ain Shams University Hospital (El-Demerdash) for the period of national lockdown in the months of March, April, May and June 2020 and compared this with the data of the year 2019.

Findings and Results:

Total patients’ visits in the period from first of March till the end of June 2020 was 10294 patients visits with average daily visits 84, while it was 15672 with average daily visits 128 in the same period of 2019. There was a slight increase in the percent of admission from total visits from 30% in the period of March to June 2019 to 32% in the lockdown period in 2020, which means slight decrease of the unnecessary patients visits. The percent of emergency room (ER) operations of total admissions increased in the lockdown period which refer to the decrease in the number of conservatively managed patients of admitted patients.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic had its impact on the surgical emergency departments all over the world. It reduced the number of avoidable non-emergency ER visits, but in same time, it hasn’t stopped patients with high-risk surgical emergencies from getting urgent care. Also, during the pandemic surgeons delt with more severe conditions and complications as a result of the pandemic.
Comparative study between 1-year patency of brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula versus brachial to basilic forearm loop graft in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Mohammed Islam B. , Khattab Mahmoud S. , Wahba Ramez M. , Fakhr Mohammed E.
Published: December 2023

Background

The most preferred method of vascular access is the autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF). When ready for dialysis, autogenous AVF outperforms arteriovenous grafts (AVG) in terms of patency and survival. An alternate method of vascular access for such individuals is the transposed AVF or AVG.

Aim

The goal of this trial is to evaluate and contrast the results of those who were treated with a brachiobasilic (BB) AVF to those who were treated with a polytetrafluoroethylene brachial to basilic forearm loop graft.

Primary endpoints

Assisted primary patency, primary patency also secondary patency. Secondary endpoints: postoperative complications (wound infection, bleeding, steal syndrome, and procedure-related mortality), functional maturity.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective cohort observational trial performed at the Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University. Data about patients who had forearm loop grafts or BB AVFs during the period from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected according to the study inclusion criteria. There was a total of 50 individuals included (25 patients in each group). The first group included cases who had BB AVF with basilic vein transposition (BB tAVF) whereas the second group included patients who had brachial-basilic forearm loop graft (BB AVG).

Results

Regarding age and sex distribution or risks of cardiovascular events, there was not a statistically significant distinction among the two study groups. The fistula group required statistically significant longer time to achieve functional maturity mean±SD (BB tAVF=9.64±2.29 vs .BB AVG=6.6±2 assisted and secondary patencies at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months). No statistically significant variation existed among groups regarding postoperative bleeding, infection, and procedure-related mortality.

Conclusion

Both BB AVF and polytetrafluoroethylene brachial to basilic forearm loop graft can be considered as viable options for vascular access in this patient population. The choice of procedure may depend on individual patient factors, possible risks of prolonged central venous catheter (CVC) use, as well as the risks of infection and thrombosis, which should be carefully evaluated.
The effect of platelet-rich plasma on sternal healing postmedian sternotomy in patients undergoing open heart surgery
Authors: El-Fiky Mohamed M. , Ahmed Hamdy A. , Fouad Ahmed A. , Elsaka Ahmed B. B. B. , El Ghanam Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Background

Plasma is the fluid portion of blood which contains clotting factors, other proteins, and ions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is defined as a volume of the plasma fraction of autologous blood with many more platelets than what is typically found in blood. The concentration of platelets and thereby the concentration of growth factors (GFs) can be 5 to 10 times greater (or richer) than usual. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PRP on sternal healing post median sternotomy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Patients and methods

A single-center, prospective, comparative study. We recruited 100 patients who were referred for open heart surgery, through median sternotomy, to our Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt between March 2020 and January 2022. Patients were divided into two equal groups; the study group where we applied topical autologous PRP to the sternal edges before sternal closure, and the control group who did not receive PRP.

Results

The two groups were similar in their demographics. We found no significant benefit in terms of sternal healing between the two groups assessed by measuring bone density. Superficial and deep wound infections were similar in both groups; however, we found a marked reduction in blood loss in patients who received PRP (group 1) compared with control group (group 2).

Conclusion

Applying PRP topically to the sternal edges following median sternotomy did not improve sternal healing of the incidence of superficial or deep sternal wound infection. It may be beneficial in reducing blood loss from the sternal edges and hence blood transfusion requirement following surgery.
Lid wiper epitheliopathy: Current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Jinagal Jitender , Gupta Barkha , Malhotra Chintan , Jain Arun Kumar
Published: December 2023

Lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE) is a recently recognized clinical entity that involves the epithelial cells lining the lid wiper region of the upper and lower eyelids. LWE has gained attention in the field of ophthalmology due to its association with ocular discomfort, especially in contact lens wearers and individuals with dry eye symptoms. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of LWE, including its etiology, clinical implications, diagnosis, and potential treatment approaches. The etiology of LWE is believed to be multifactorial, with mechanical factors, contact lens wear, dry eye disease, and inflammation among the contributing factors. Clinically, LWE is diagnosed through the observation of the lid wiper region after staining with vital dyes. LWE is now recognized as a potential diagnostic sign of dry eyes, even in non-contact lens users. The condition has been linked to ocular surface discomfort and may explain a subset of dry eye cases where signs and symptoms do not correlate. Various grading scales have been used to assess the severity of LWE, with some studies exploring the potential of objective methods to complement subjective grading. While much progress has been made in understanding LWE, future research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria, exploring innovative treatment modalities, and investigating its association with other ocular surface conditions. A better understanding of LWE will contribute to improved management strategies and patient outcomes, particularly in individuals experiencing ocular discomfort and dry eye symptoms.
Zinc Levels in HIV-positive Children at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital
Authors: Chukwu Uchenna Kennedy , Emodi Ifeoma I. , Ibeziako Ngozi , Ikefuna Anthony N. , Asinobi Isaac N. , Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Udeogu Kosisochukwu E. , Chukwu Chibuebem J.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Zinc is an abundant trace element in the body involved in many physiological processes. Its deficiency has been described in HIV-infected children, especially in advancing illness. This study, therefore, seeks to assess zinc levels in HIV-positive children attending the HIV clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH).

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study among HIV-positive children aged 5–60 months attending the HIV clinic at UNTH. A 100 participants were enrolled from August 2013 to May 2014. Data were obtained using a pro forma developed by researchers, and blood samples were collected and analysed using an absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc level deficiency was defined as the values <80 μg/dL. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 26.

Results:

Most participants were males (53.0%). Their mean age was 47 months (standard deviation = 15.7). The median serum zinc level was 55.5 μg/dL (IQR = 35.0–84.8). The majority of the participant (72%) had zinc deficiency. There was a statistically significant relationship between serum zinc level and participants’ socioeconomic status (P < 0.05) – higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher zinc levels.

Conclusion:

The study showed a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in children living with HIV, with a significant relationship between serum zinc level and the participants’ socioeconomic status. There is a need for zinc supplementation for HIV children, especially the indigent ones.
Accuracy of American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Characterisation of Thyroid Nodules: A Tertiary Hospital Study in India
Authors: Fatima Ifsheen , Rastogi Rajul , Chatterjee Probal , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: December 2023

Background:

Thyroid nodules (TNs) are commonly and frequently encountered in the day-to-day clinical practice. Clinical suspicion of malignancy as well as patient anxiety is the frequent reasons for fine-needle aspiration cytology or biopsy (FNAC/B) of TN. American College of Radiology has developed a Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) based on TN ultrasound features to suggest malignancy to minimise the number of TN subjected to FNAC/B. Aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACR TI-RADS in our Tertiary Hospital Health Facility.

Patients, Materials and Methods:

Sixty-nine patients with TN included in our study following institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent underwent high-resolution ultrasonography followed by FNAC using a high-frequency linear transducer on Siemen Acuson S3000 ultrasound scanner. The data were recorded in the predesigned proforma followed by statistical analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACR TI-RADS.

Results:

Our study had female predominance (50/69) with the left side more commonly affected (37/69). The mean age of the participants was 42.2 ± 15.6 years with significantly higher age at presentation in those with malignant TN. Mixed nodules were predominant (46/69) with nearly half of the malignant nodules being solid and only 8/61 benign nodules being solid. Although the majority of the nodules were hyperechoic (50/69 including 2 malignant), a significant number of the hypoechoic/very hypoechoic nodules (6/14) were malignant with only 8/61 benign nodules being hypoechoic. Half of the malignant nodules (4/8) had lobulated or ill-defined margins, whereas only 2/61 benign nodules had similar margins. The majority (5/8) of the malignant TN had internal punctate echogenic foci with only 1/61 benign TN showing similar appearance. Half of the malignant TN (4/8) had lymphadenopathy, whereas it was noted in only 2/61 cases of benign TN.

Conclusions:

TNs though have a high prevalence, but malignant TNs are uncommon with majority being solid, taller than wider, hypoechoic with microcalcifications. The presence of adenopathy is usually a feature of malignant thyroid nodule rarely seen with benign nodules. Thus, to summarise all TNs should be thoroughly evaluated as per ACR TI-RADS for stratification of risk of malignancy.
Placenta Disposal Practices among Doctors and Nurses in Obstetric Units of Secondary and Tertiary Health Facilities in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nnagbo Johnpaul Ejikeme , Ugwu George Onyemaechi , Eze Matthew Ikechukwu , Agu Polycarp Uchenna , Nnagbo Chinonso Louisa , Nkwo Peter Onubiwe , Dim Cyril Chukwudi , Achara Ifeanyi John , Nwagha Uchenna Ifeanyi , Ezugwu Euzebus Chinonye
Published: December 2023

Background:

Anecdotal evidence suggests that placentas may be improperly disposed of due to the lack of knowledge of the best approaches. The reason women request for their placenta in Nigeria remains unclear.

Aim:

The aim is to determine the knowledge and perceptions of doctors and nurses about the use of WHO guidelines for the safe disposal of hospital wastes in placenta disposal and to explore their placenta disposal practices at tertiary and secondary health facilities in Enugu state.

Materials and Methods:

This was a mixed-method study design in which 163 doctors and nurses drawn from 3 secondary and 3 tertiary hospitals in Enugu Metropolis were studied. Quantitative component involved the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Knowledge and perceptions of respondents on the use of WHO guidelines to dispose of the placenta were documented. Knowledge of WHO guidelines was assessed and graded: good knowledge (score ≥12) and poor knowledge (score <12). Perception was assessed using 4 Likert-type questions whose responses were scored. Mean score ≥0.5 (positive perception), mean score <0.5 (negative perception). The qualitative component involved purposive sampling of 6 nurses who were the labour ward unit heads. In-depth interviews using semi-structured questionnaires were conducted to ascertain their placenta disposal practices and why women request placentas in their hospitals. Analysis was done for quantitative components using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Analyses were both descriptive and inferential. Analysis of the qualitative component established three thematic areas following the transcribing and coding of the contents of the interview.

Results:

Thirty-three (20.2%) and 158 (96.9%) had good knowledge (mean score = 12.7 ± 0.48) and positive perceptions (mean score = 2.96 ± 0.65), respectively, toward the use of WHO guidelines for placenta disposal. Placenta pits were the most common method for disposing of placenta. Those who request their placenta do so for cultural reasons (bury at home), avert being used for money rituals by health workers, and for the baby to be complete.

Conclusion:

A high proportion of doctors and nurses in Enugu state have poor knowledge but a positive perception toward WHO guidelines for disposing of placenta. The most common means of disposal was the placenta pit.
Kotzebues komische dramatische Formen auf der Ständischen Bühne in Laibach von 1830 bis 1840
Authors: Smolej Tone , Žigon Tanja
Published: December 2023

Die dramatischen Werke des deutschen Dramatikers, Schriftstellers und Librettisten August von Kotzebue (1761–1819) gehörten in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht nur zum festen Repertoire des Ständischen Theaters in Laibach (Ljubljana), sondern Kotzebue gehörte in den 1830er-Jahren, wie aus den Spielplänen ersichtlich, zu den meistgespielten Dramatikern auf der Laibacher Bühne. Es wurden sowohl seine ernsteren Schauspiele als auch Werke komischen Inhalts aufgeführt. Vor allem bei den Letzteren ist eine rege Vielfalt an komischen dramatischen Formen (z. B. Lustspiel, Schwank, Posse) zu verzeichnen, was bei den gespielten Werken anderer Autoren und Autorinnen zu dieser Zeit nicht der Fall war. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden in Hinblick auf die in Laibach aufgeführten Stücke von Kotzebue die verschiedenen komischen dramatischen Formen dargestellt und erörtert.