bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MISTURA DE CORES DA LITERATURA HÍBRIDA DE LÚCIA HIRATSUKA
Authors: Oliveira Janete da Silva
Published: July 2020

A literatura infantil, como a literatura adulta, parece privilegiar a narrativa escrita. No entanto, a literatura para crianças (principalmente) e jovens, pelas características do seu público, permite mais liberdade no que diz respeito às formas de expressar essa narrativa, como a intensificação do uso de cores e imagens. No presente artigo pretendemos apresentar brevemente a obra da ilustradora, tradutora e escritora de ascendência japonesa, Lúcia Hiratsuka. Objetivamos indicar na obra da autora, que a referência cruzada da cultura japonesa (com uma estética muito particular incorporada, o mono no aware) e a vida interiorana de São Paulo influenciou bastante na criação de uma obra hibridizada, com uma riqueza de cores, afetividade e criatividade que em muito tem contribuído na qualidade da literatura brasileira para crianças e jovens. Para isso, utilizamos uma bibliografia pertinente à estética japonesa, literatura infantil e subjetividade e análise de conteúdo de algumas obras selecionadas da ilustradora. Através dessa metodologia, acreditamos poder apontar a literatura feita por Hiratsuka como ímpar, pois une de forma esteticamente estimulante, criativa e única as cores orientais numa narrativa brasileira e bastante carregada de memória afetiva.
Quararibea bragae (Malvaceae; Malvoideae): a new species with multiple domatia from Brazil

Authors: FERREIRA CARLOS D. M. , BOVINI MASSIMO G.
Published: July 2020

Quararibea bragae from the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State (Brazil) is proposed as a new species. Quararibea bragae is similar to Q. turbinata in vegetative characteristics, such as the shape and consistency of its leaves and type of domatia. However, it can be distinguished by the leaves’ indumentum and by the positioning and quantity of domatia on the abaxial surface of the leaves. Reproductive characteristics are differentiated by the shape and indumentum of the staminal tube and the shape of the fruit. We present a morphological description and comments, illustration, notes on ecology and distribution, and identification key of Atlantic Forest species.
Mammillaria breviplumosa (Cactaceae, Cacteae), a new species from Mexico

Authors: GARCÍA-MORALES LECCINUM J. , RAMÍREZ-CHAPARRO RICARDO , SIGALA-CHÁVEZ ALEJANDRO , IAMONICO DUILIO
Published: July 2020

A new species of Mammillaria, named Mammillaria breviplumosa, is described from Mexico (Durango, Municipality of Mapimí). It is morphologically very similar to M. sanchez-mejoradae. Diagnostic features of the proposed new species are the cylindrical and apically truncate tubercles, the embedded fruits, the white-magenta striped perianth segments, the small feather-like spines and the helicoidal arrangement of the tubercles on the stem. A diagnostic key for the closest species of Mammillaria occurring in northern Mexico is proposed.
Combined Influences on North American Winter Air Temperature Variability from North Pacific Blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Subseasonal and Interannual Time Scales
Authors: Luo Binhe , Luo Dehai , Dai Aiguo , Simmonds I. , Wu Lixin
Published: July 2020

Winter surface air temperature (SAT) over North America exhibits pronounced variability on subseasonal, interannual, decadal, and interdecadal time scales. Here, reanalysis data from 1950–2017 are analyzed to investigate the atmospheric and surface ocean conditions associated with its subseasonal to interannual variability. Detrended daily SAT data reveal a known warm west/cold east (WWCE) dipole over midlatitude North America and a cold north/warm south (CNWS) dipole over eastern North America. It is found that while the North Pacific blocking (PB) is important for the WWCE and CNWS dipoles, they also depend on the phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). When a negative-phase NAO (NAO−) coincides with PB, the WWCE dipole is enhanced (compared with the PB alone case) and it also leads to a warm north/cold south dipole anomaly in eastern North America; but when PB occurs with a positive-phase NAO (NAO+), the WWCE dipole weakens and the CNWS dipole is enhanced. The PB events concurrent with the NAO− (NAO+) and SAT WWCE (CNWS) dipole are favored by the Pacific El Niño–like (La Niña–like) sea surface temperature mode and the positive (negative) North Pacific mode. The PB-NAO+ has a larger component projecting onto the SAT WWCE dipole during the La Niña winter than during the El Niño winter because a more zonal wave train is formed. Strong North American SAT WWCE dipoles and enhanced projections of PB-NAO+ events onto the SAT WWCE dipole component are also readily seen for the positive North Pacific mode. The North Pacific mode seems to play a bigger role in the North American SAT variability than ENSO.
Does housing instability matter for youths’ educational attainment? Findings from Swedish longitudinal register data
Authors: Kahlmeter Anna
Published: July 2020

There is an ample body of research demonstrating the link between housing instability and adverse outcomes. The bulk of this research, however, largely relies on broad operationalizations, generally not considering different types of housing instability. This study extends previous research by focusing on adolescents facing a variety of residential events, including moves, imminent threats of eviction and forced relocations, while also considering the significance of distance. Adopting a counterfactual approach, and drawing on unique data on evictions in Sweden alongside a link to longitudinal registers, this study examines the association between housing instability and educational attainment, operationalized as graduation from upper secondary school. Theoretically, the study draws on the family stress model and theory on social capital, the findings providing support for both approaches. Single relocation was found to have a small impact on educational attainment, but forced relocations, repeated relocations and long-distance relocations are of particular significance for understanding the link between housing instability and educational outcomes. The study contributes to an understanding of the roles that different types of residential events play in youths’ educational attainment, and policy implications are discussed.
His and Her Earnings Following Parenthood in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Musick Kelly , Bea Megan Doherty , Gonalons-Pons Pilar
Published: July 2020

This article advances a couple-level framework to examine how parenthood shapes within-family gender inequality by education in three countries that vary in their normative and policy context: the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. We trace mothers’ share of couple earnings and variation by her education in the 10-year window around first birth, using long-running harmonized panel surveys from the 1990s and 2000s ( N = 4,117 couples and 28,488 couple-years) and an event study methodology that leverages within-couple variation in earnings pre- and post-birth. Our results show steep declines in her share of couple earnings following first birth across the three countries that persist over several years of follow-up. Declines are smallest in the United States, due to U.S. mothers’ higher employment and longer work hours. Declines are also smaller among female partners without a college degree in the United States, where mothers have less work-family support and fewer options to manage work and family on one income. Results shed light on how parenthood plays into gender inequality within couples, and how country context shapes couple dynamics and inequality across households.
Placement of Surgical Feeding Tubes Among Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Requiring Exploratory Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Cha Peter I. , Jou Ronald M. , Spain David A. , Forrester Joseph D.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify trauma patients who would benefit from surgical placement of an enteral feeding tube during their index abdominal trauma operation.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to 2 level I trauma centers between January 2013 and February 2018 requiring urgent exploratory abdominal surgery.

Results

Six-hundred and one patients required exploratory abdominal surgery within 24 hours of admission after trauma activation. Nineteen (3% of total) patients underwent placement of a feeding tube after their initial exploratory surgery. On multivariate analysis, an intracranial Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥4 (odds ratio [OR] = 9.24, 95% CI 1.09-78.26, P = .04) and a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI 1.38-13.95, P = .01) were associated with increased odds of requiring a feeding tube. All patients who required a feeding tube had an Injury Severity Score ≥15. While not statistically significant, patients with an open surgical feeding tube compared with interventional radiology/percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement had lower median intensive care unit length of stay, fewer ventilator days, and shorter median total hospital length of stay.

Conclusions

Trauma patients with severe intracranial injury already requiring urgent exploratory abdominal surgery may benefit from early, concomitant placement of a feeding tube during the index abdominal operation, or at fascial closure.
Outcomes With Age Combinations in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Aslam Sadaf , Buggs Jacentha , Wasserman Jacob , Chaves Kendall , Rogers Ebonie , Kumar Ambuj , Huang James
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Reevaluation of donor criteria, including age, is needed to combat organ shortages, lengthy wait times, and anticipated recipient mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate donor and recipient (D/R) age combinations and patient and graft survival outcomes.

Methods

Single-organ, living donor kidney transplantations (LDKTs) from 2012 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Donors and recipients were placed into “older” and “younger” age categories of 50 years and above or below age 50, then analyzed with SPSS version 25.

Results

We performed 347 LDKTs. Younger-to-older pairings had significantly higher rates of smoking in recipient (53.6%) and hepatitis C (5.5%), but shorter hospital stays (5.3 days). Older-to-younger pairings had the longest hospital stays (7.4 days) but the shortest cold ischemic time (2.3 hours). Notably, there was no significant variance in delayed graft function (first-week dialysis) between groups. Regarding complication rates, only bleeding within 30 days, highest in older-to-older pairings (7.7%), and renal complications, highest in older-to-younger pairings, significantly varied between groups. Interestingly, though younger-to-older cases had the longest mean graft survival time, older kidneys lasted 537 days longer in older recipients than in younger recipients.

Discussion

These results indicate there is not a one-size-fits-all approach when considering outcomes of donor/recipient age-pairings in LDKT, as significant correlations did not consistently favor one age-pairing over others. Regardless of age-pairing, LDKT provides gold standard treatment and expands the availability of organs. Future research into the impact of age-pairing on specific variables, national or multicenter studies, and protocol development for evaluating donor/recipient age-pairings is needed.
Predicting Delayed Complications After Esophagectomy in the Current Era of Early Discharge and Enhanced Recovery
Authors: Barrie J. , Cockbain A. , Tsachiridi M. , Surendrakumar V. , Maxwell M. , Tamhankar A. P.
Published: July 2020

Background

Enhanced recovery protocols after esophagectomy aim to discharge patients by day 7. A small risk of delayed complications exists. We aimed to assess whether C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on day 7 could help predict delayed complications and assist safe discharge.

Methods

All consecutive esophagectomies over 3 years were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized on day 7 into (1) those clinically unsafe for discharge; (2) those clinically safe for discharge; and (3) those considered safe for discharge but develop a delayed complication. CRP level on day 7 and the trend in CRP levels between days 3 and 7 were compared.

Results

A total of 140 patients underwent esophagectomy, of which 64 patients (46%) had at least one complication. On day 7, 62 (44%) patients were considered clinically unsafe for discharge; 74 (53%) were considered safe for discharge; and 4 (3%) were safe but developed a delayed complication. No patient with delayed complication had a day 7 CRP level < 84 mg/L. CRP trend did not help predict delayed complications.

Conclusions

The actual CRP level on day 7 after esophagectomy, rather than the trend, can predict delayed complications. Early discharge after esophagectomy should be desisted if the clinical picture is better than the actual blood results.
Cost-Effective Approach to the Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: DeMare Alexander M. , Luehmann Natalie C. , Kawak Samer , Abbott Emily E. , Long Jordan , Akay Begum , Brahmamdam Pavan , Iacco Anthony A. , Novotny Nathan M.
Published: July 2020

Background

Surgeons can help reduce health care spending by selecting affordable and efficient instruments. The laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is commonly performed and can serve as a model for improving health care cost.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all adult patients who underwent LA for non-perforated appendicitis from March 2015 to November 2017. Our objective was to determine which combination of disposable instruments afforded the lowest total operative cost without compromising postoperative outcomes.

Results

In total, 1857 consecutive patients were reviewed from 2 hospitals. After determining the 8 most commonly utilized combinations of disposable instruments, 846 patients were ultimately analyzed. The combination of a LigaSure, Endoloop, and an EndoBag (LEB) had the shortest median operative time (25 minutes, P < .001) and lowest median total operative cost ($1893, P < .001).

Conclusions

The LEB instrument combination rendered the shortest operative time, lowest total operative cost, and can be used to maximize surgical value during LA.
Lessons Learned and Experiences Shared From the Front Lines: United Kingdom
Authors: Wexner Steven D. , Cortés-Guiral Delia , Mortensen Neil , Darzi Ara
Published: July 2020

This is the second installment of a series of interviews, conducted by the senior author (S.D.W.) and the American College of Surgeons (ACS), that feature international leaders in surgery telling of the challenges they faced during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The disease arrived in the United Kingdom with devastating effects within a few weeks of its spread to Western Europe from China. In Oxford, Professor Neil Mortensen used his position as the President-elect of the Royal College of Surgeons of England to help coordinate efforts among the 4 Royal Colleges in the United Kingdom (his own, London, Edinburgh, and Ireland) to mobilize and retrain surgeons for duty helping to support in the critical care of patients with respiratory illness from the virus. In London, Lord Ara Darzi, a colon and rectal surgeon and leading innovator in minimally invasive surgery, underwent re-education himself in respiratory care to help his medical colleagues. As a member of the House of Lords involved in matters regarding the National Health Service as former Parliamentary Undersecretary of Health, he facilitated legislative measures to increase the physician workforce necessary to meet the demand for skilled personnel. Professor Mortensen and Lord Darzi have been recognized as honorary fellows of the ACS for their contributions to surgery. “Lots of people do not think it can possibly happen to them”, Professor Mortensen said, “Our experience is that it will happen to you, and you cannot be prepared enough. Preparation, preparation, preparation is what you need to do.”
The Anthropology of Christianity and the Dividual Self: Spiritual Flow, Physical Mobility, and Embodied Callings
Authors: Mossière Géraldine
Published: July 2020

In Quebec (Canada), the plural religious landscape has strengthened a rhetoric that structures time, space, and morality dichotomously. In local Pentecostal congregations, identity narratives echo this national discourse as they frame religious trajectories within a paradigm of discontinuity that distinguish before and after being Christian, sin and grace, perdition and salvation. By examining Pentecostal migrants’ narratives that have been collected in ethnographic fieldworks among churches located in Montreal (Quebec, Canada), I question the construction of such a binary view in local migratory landscape and propose that we think of the various mobilities of Christian believers and ideology in terms of continuity, fluidity, and dividuality. Drawing on the concept of gendered dividuality, I understand Pentecostals’ charismatic experiences with the Holy Spirit as exchanges that constitute their personhood at the intersection with Quebecois collective debates focused on gender and migration issues. I argue that Pentecostalism’s ontological fluidity is part of a hermeneutics of the dividual self that features religious actors in a postmodern setting.
Long-Term Follow-up of Hypophosphatemic Bone Disease Associated With Elemental Formula Use: Sustained Correction of Bone Disease After Formula Change or Phosphate Supplementation
Authors: Eswarakumar Abigail S. , Ma Nina S. , Ward Leanne M. , Backeljauw Philippe , Wasserman Halley , Weber David R. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Imel Erik A. , Gagne Julie , Cody Declan , Zimakas Paul , Topor Lisa Swartz , Agrawal Sungeeta , Calabria Andrew , Tebben Peter , Faircloth Ruth S. , Gordon Rebecca , Casey Linda , Carpenter Thomas O.
Published: July 2020

In this article, we describe the long-term outcomes of children who were previously reported to have developed hypophosphatemic bone disease in association with elemental formula use. An extended chart review allowed for an updated report of 34 children with regard to severity/duration of bone disease, extent of recovery, and time to correction using radiology reports and biochemical data. After implementation of formula change and/or phosphate supplementation, we found that serum phosphorus concentration increased and serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in all patients, normalizing by 6.6 ± 4.0 (mean ± SD) months following diagnosis. The decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase from diagnosis to the time of correction was moderately correlated with the concurrent increase in serum phosphorus ( R = 0.48, P < .05). Age at diagnosis significantly correlated with time to resolution ( R = 0.51, P = .01). This study supports the earlier report that bone disease associated with hypophosphatemia during elemental formula use responds to formula change and/or phosphate supplementation.
Face Forward: How Employees’ Digital Presence on Service Websites Affects Customer Perceptions of Website and Employee Service Quality
Authors: Herhausen Dennis , Emrich Oliver , Grewal Dhruv , Kipfelsberger Petra , Schoegel Marcus
Published: July 2020

Confronted with increasing digitalization, service firms are challenged to sustain customer loyalty. A promising means to do so is to leverage the digital presence of service employees on their website. A large-scale field study and several experimental studies show that the digital presence of service employees on the firm website increases current website service quality perceptions and positively shapes memories related to employee service quality perceptions from past service encounters. Both effects indirectly increase customer loyalty and, in turn, financial performance, and are amplified by employee accessibility and a service firm’s customer orientation. The authors examine further boundary conditions for the memory process: only service employees evoke the beneficial spillover effect to employee service quality perceptions, and the spillover effect does not generalize to evaluations of product quality. Remarkably, an employee’s digital presence, although factually unrelated, augments customer perceptions of service employees’ competence and commitment and thus strengthens rather than erodes service employees’ role in customer–firm relationships. Theoretical and managerial implications deepen the understanding of how to add a human touch to digital channels.
Factors that influence the participation of individuals with deafblindness: A qualitative study with rehabilitation service providers in India
Authors: Jaiswal Atul , Aldersey Heather , Wittich Walter , Mirza Mansha , Finlayson Marcia
Published: July 2020

Evidence to inform rehabilitation service delivery for individuals with deafblindness, especially in the Indian context, is inadequate. Rehabilitation professionals often find it challenging to design rehabilitation interventions that promote participation for those with deafblindness. Therefore, our purpose was to understand the contextual factors that influence the participation of individuals with deafblindness in India from the perspectives of those who are involved in providing rehabilitation services to them. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a framework, we conducted two focus group discussions with 16 rehabilitation service providers in India. We used a content analysis approach to examine the data. Rehabilitation service providers perceived participation barriers to be linked primarily to the social environment. Specifically, participants identified four major factors acting as barriers, including (a) lack of awareness about deafblindness; (b) negative attitudes and stigma associated with disability; (c) lack of access to resources such as assistive technology and interpreter support; and (d) communication challenges associated with severe impairments. Facilitators include accessibility of the built environment for multisensory impairments, affordable technology, provision of an interpreter and personal support worker, and training on deafblindness for professionals. The participation of individuals with deafblindness could be enhanced by identifying and removing environmental barriers and improving knowledge about deafblindness among rehabilitation professionals for proper identification, assessment, and access to rehabilitation services.
The consequences of deafblindness rules the family: Parents’ lived experiences of family life when the other parent has deafblindness
Authors: Björk Maria , Wahlqvist Moa , Huus Karina , Anderzén-Carlsson Agneta
Published: July 2020

Deafblindness is a combined vision and hearing disability that restricts communication, access to information, and mobility, thus limiting a person’s activities and full participation in society. Literature on how this might affect the lives of family members is sparse. The aim of this study is to describe the lived experience of family life from the perspective of one parent when the other has deafblindness. Six partners of deafblind parents, four men and two women, agreed to participate. Three were deaf and communicated in Swedish sign language. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Seven themes were identified during the analysis. When one parent has deafblindness, communication within the family and with people outside the family is affected. The non-deafblind partners tried to integrate deafblindness into everyday family life and constantly strove to compensate for the losses caused by deafblindness. They tried to enhance participation and engagement in everyday family life for the parent with deafblindness by facilitating communication and taking a greater part in some areas of their shared responsibilities at home. The results reveal that these partners often put themselves in second place. They and their families needed support to manage family life. Deafblindness affects the life of the entire family, and the non-deafblind partner has to take considerable responsibility for everyday life. Everyday life can be facilitated by an adapted environment and appropriate support, which should be offered to the entire family.
Who sees opportunity to help? A prospective study on adolescents’ detection of intervention opportunities in situations of sexual and dating violence
Authors: Waterman Emily A. , Edwards Katie M. , Beaulieu Abigail E. , Banyard Victoria L.
Published: July 2020

Adolescent bystanders (i.e., witnesses to violence) can prevent sexual and dating violence among their peers and create a safer social environment if they detect the opportunity. The current study prospectively examined the association of demographic (i.e., age, gender, sexual orientation), psychosocial (i.e., knowledge, rape myth acceptance, victim empathy), and behavioral (i.e., binge drinking) factors with bystander opportunity detection in situations regarding sexual and dating violence among adolescents ( N = 1,322, 50.3% girls/women, 88.9% White/non-Hispanic, 85.9% heterosexual, 18.6% free/reduced lunch, aged 13–19). Sexual minority girls, adolescents with greater victim empathy, and binge drinkers were more likely to detect bystander opportunity than heterosexual girls, boys, adolescents with less victim empathy, and nonbinge drinkers. These findings suggest that current theoretical frameworks used to understand bystander opportunity and action may be enhanced by the consideration of demographic and personal characteristics.
Comparison of CHA2DS2-VASc and C2HEST scores for predicting the incidence of atrial fibrillation among patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Hu Wei-Syun , Lin Cheng-Li
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The authors have studied assessment of CHA2DS2-VASc score versus C2HEST score in atrial fibrillation risk prediction in end-stage renal disease patients.

Methods:

The authors conducted this study by Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. The authors totally enrolled 4,601 end-stage renal disease patients. The predictive capability of atrial fibrillation by using CHA2DS2-VASc and C2HEST score was estimated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results:

The AUROC for CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting atrial fibrillation events was 0.5786, and AUROC for C2HEST score for atrial fibrillation prediction was 0.5983.

Conclusion:

Both scores yield almost identical AUROC values implying no difference in predictive power. Further work is warranted to verify the prognostic value of the current scores.
Investigation of chronic venous insufficiency in patients with sleep disorders due to restless legs syndrome
Authors: Yolgösteren Atıf , Leba Leyla Köse , Demir Aylin Bican
Published: July 2020

Background

We aimed to investigate of chronic venous insufficiency on patients with sleep disorder due to restless legs syndrome.

Method

Five hundred forty-one cases on whom polysomnography was performed due to sleep disorder were evaluated retrospectively. Forty patients with restless legs syndrome were determined. They were examined by history, physical examination, and duplex ultrasonography in terms of chronic venous insufficiency. The sleep stage rates of both groups were compared (that the rate of total sleep time in polysomnography to sleep stages is expressed as minute and percentage has been defined as sleep stage rate).

Result

Chronic venous insufficiency was identified in 20 out of 40 patients (group 1; female, 90%). In group 2, there were patients with only restless legs syndrome but with no chronic venous insufficiency (female, 80%). The mean ages of both groups were 56.4 ± 11.8 and 54.3 ± 14.7 years. Stage 1 sleep rate in group 1 was 5% ± 2.7 and in group 2 was 8% ± 3.8 (p = 0.006). Periodic limb movement index (polysomnography finding evaluating involuntary leg movements during sleep) was 11.4 ± 17.5 in group 1, and it was 29.4 ± 37.9 in group 2 (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

We recommend that chronic venous insufficiency should be investigated in patients with primary restless legs syndrome diagnosis.
Type of anti-thrombotic therapy for venous stenting in patients with non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions does not influence the development of in-stent restenosis
Authors: Tran Maxwell A , Lakhanpal Priya , Lakhanpal Sanjiv , Satwah Vinay K , Lakhanpal Gaurav , Pappas Peter J
Published: July 2020

Background

In patients receiving stents for symptomatic non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions, many clinicians prescribe anti-thrombotic medications. Whether or not anti-coagulation post-venous stenting improves stent patency is unknown. The aim of this investigation is to determine whether prophylactic post-operative anti-thrombotic therapy improves stent patency and/or prevents in-stent restenosis.

Methods

The medical records and venous ultrasounds for 389 patients stented for non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into three anti-thrombotic regimens: Clopidogrel, Aspirin and Clopidogrel, and Apixaban or Rivaroxaban. Patients were routinely assessed for restenosis and stent patency at 6, 26, and 52 weeks and treated with anti-thrombotics for 90 days.

Results

Freedom from in-stent restenosis at 6, 26, and 52 weeks were Clopidogrel (91.50, 82.91, 80.95%), Aspirin and Clopidogrel (88.68, 80.03, 80.03%), and Apixaban or Rivaroxaban (91.03, 85.11, 83.18%). Primary patencies were Clopidogrel (98.77, 98.77, 98.10%), Aspirin and Clopidogrel (100, 95.74, 95.74%), and Apixaban or Rivaroxaban (98.70, 98.70, 96.71%). There were no statistically significant differences.

Conclusions

The type of post-operative anti-thrombotic therapy for non-thrombotic iliac vein lesions does not appear to improve stent patency or prevent the development of in-stent restenosis.
Palliative care in the emergency department: A survey assessment of patient and provider perspectives
Authors: Woods Emily J , Ginsburg Alexander D , Bellolio Fernanda , Walker Laura E
Published: July 2020

Background:

Palliative care has been identified as an area of low outpatient referral from our emergency department, yet palliative care has been shown to improve the quality of patient’s lives.

Aim:

This study investigates both provider and patient perspectives on palliative care for the purpose of identifying barriers to increased palliative care utilization within our healthcare system.

Design:

Two surveys were developed, one for patients/caregivers and one for healthcare providers.

Setting/participants:

This was a single-center study completed at a quaternary academic emergency department. A survey was sent to emergency medicine providers with 47% response rate. Research staff approached Emergency Department patients who had been identified to be high risk to fill out paper surveys with 76% response rate.

Results:

Only 28% of patients had already undergone palliative care, with an additional 25% interested in palliative care. Nearly half of the patients felt that they needed more resources to prevent hospital visits. Patients identified low understanding of palliative care and difficulty accessing appointments as barriers to consultation. Among providers, 98% indicated that they had patients who would benefit from palliative care. A majority of providers highlighted patient understanding of palliative care and access to appointments as barriers to palliative care. Notably, 52% of providers reported that emergency medicine provider knowledge was a barrier to palliative care consultation.

Conclusions:

Despite emergency department patients’ self-identified need for resources and emergency medicine providers’ recognition of patients who would benefit from palliative care, few patients receive palliative care consultation.
Community Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Introducing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Biobanking Evidence-Based Programs Within Medically Underserved Communities: A Community-Engaged Approach
Authors: Galbraith-Gyan Kayoll V. , Ramanadhan Shoba , Viswanath Kasisomayajula
Published: July 2020

Purpose

We explored the perspectives of program coordinators and community leaders from Community-based-organizations (CBOs) and Faith-based-organizations (FBOs) to determine how information on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and biobanking is understood and supported within medically underserved communities, and identified strategies for introducing evidence-based programs (EBP) on HPV vaccination and biobanking within underserved communities.

Methods

The EPIS framework guided discussions in four focus groups with program coordinators ( n = 27) and one-on-one interviews with community leaders ( n = 15) from CBOs and FBOs.

Results

Participants reported that community members were aware of HPV vaccination but did not know of the link between HPV infection and cancers. Awareness for biobanking was low. HPV vaccination and biobanking were not priority health concerns among community members due to other health issues. However, HPV vaccination and biobanking were considered sensitive health topics. For HPV vaccination, sensitivity was due to concerns that HPV vaccination promoted sex among adolescents, while for biobanking, sensitivity was due to historical abuses of people of color by the medical community. Participants reported that program coordinators’ awareness of HPV vaccination and biobanking depended on their organizations’ mission. Neither were considered a priority health concern due to lack of funding. Few EBP were available on HPV vaccination and biobanking. Recommendations on culturally-appropriate strategies for engaging community members on HPV vaccination and biobanking EBP are discussed.

Conclusion

Given the promise of HPV vaccination and the Precision Medicine Initiative to reduce cancer disparities, findings elucidate factors to be considered when implementing EBP on HPV vaccination and biobanking into medically underserved communities.
Challenges to Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations and Takeaways Amid the COVID-19 Experience
Authors: Benton J. Edwin
Published: July 2020

The American democratic system of government is being put to its greatest test since the Great Depression of the 1920s and 1930s, as the country endeavors to cope with the fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. That is, considerable pressure continues to build up at the fault lines of governance inherent in the country’s unique federal form of government which explicitly and implicitly expects national, state, and local levels to work together while they also may function as separate, autonomous entities to promote and provide for the general welfare. These fault lines exist where governance and service provision matters necessitate the collective attention and action of two or more levels of government. Both cooperation and conflict are possible interactive outcomes in these situations.

This article provides an early assessment of how national, state, and local governments have worked together since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently a “report card” of sorts on the functioning of intergovernmental relations in the U.S. at the present time. More specifically, the article will examine the current condition of interstate, interlocal, state-local, and national-state relations. While the findings and observations reported here are certainly enlightening, they should be viewed as preliminary. Followed up research should be conducted to determine if there have been any policy learning has occurred and if such information has been used in improve the quality of governance in keeping with citizen expectations of American federalism.
Supply Chain Manipulation, Misrepresentation, and Magical Thinking During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Atkinson Christopher L. , McCue Clifford , Prier Eric , Atkinson Allison M.
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed remarkable stress on all aspects of society, from health care and the economy to the psychological well-being of communities. While the crisis is still playing out in the United States and around the world, it is nevertheless appropriate to begin to assess its impact. This article asks: What documentable public failures provide a deeper understanding of the U.S. government COVID-19 responses’ impact on supply chains? Case examples show that markets were adversely affected in ways that caused avoidable shortages of critical goods and supplies. Moreover, public procurement effectiveness was likely reduced by short-run efforts to obtain political advantage. The article begins with a brief review of disaster procurement, highlighting how public procurement professionals tried to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The next section delineates three politically led phenomena that adversely impacted procurement’s ability to acquire the needed goods and services, including a lack of cohesive strategy in acquiring essential personal protective equipment; preference for unproven drugs and magical thinking; and cozy relationships between the public and private sectors. The article concludes by discussing the centrality of public sector procurement professionals as a critical link for effective provision of government services, especially in times of crisis.
In the Shadow of the Government: The Chinese Nonprofit Sector in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Dong Qiang , Lu Jiahuan
Published: July 2020

Nonprofit organizations often work on the front lines of disaster assistance and emergency relief. In this sweeping coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the nonprofit sector in many countries is playing an active role in the national fight against the coronavirus. However, the Chinese nonprofit sector only plays a marginal role in the battle. This article, from a government–nonprofit relationship perspective, delves into the underlying factors shaping the Chinese nonprofit sector’s limited involvement in this pandemic crisis and the impacts of the crisis on the Chinese nonprofit sector. In particular, we argue that a strong and centralized political regime leaves little room for nonprofits’ involvement in emergency relief, resulting in a nonprofit sector that is vulnerable and marginalized. Nonprofits have to be smarter in coping with the government in the COVID-19 downturn.
The diagnostic value of postcontrast susceptibility-weighted imaging in the assessment of intracranial brain neoplasm at 3T
Authors: Kang Hyunkoo , Jang Sungwon
Published: July 2020

Background

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is occasionally performed with intravenous gadolinium (Gd). It was reported that SWI can be performed after Gd injection without information loss or signal change.

Purpose

To investigate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced SWI (CE-SWI) in the assessment of intracranial brain neoplasm.

Material and Methods

After obtaining the approval of the local ethics committee, 35 brain neoplasm patients (24 with metastasis and 11 with glioblastoma multiforme [GBM]) were enrolled. In order to investigate the value of using CE-SWI, two neuroradiologists performed an evaluation of the frequency of the intratumoral susceptibility signals (ITSS) in SWI and CE-SWI with visual assessment using 5-grade scales. We evaluated the visibility of the tumor margins and the internal architecture of tumors on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast-enhanced T1 (CE-T1), SWI, and CE-SWI.

Results

The contrast-enhanced scans (CE-T1 and CE-SWI) showed statistically significant higher scores compared to non-enhanced scans (T1WI and SWI) for the analysis of the tumor margin in GBM and metastasis ( P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Statistically significant higher scores are noted in GBMs compared to metastases in the visibility of the internal architecture of tumors on CE-SWI and the visibility of the tumor margin on CE-T1 ( P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney test).

Conclusion

Based on our results, SWI can be performed after gadolinium injection without information loss or signal change. CE-SWI is useful in evaluating intracranial neoplasm due to its ability to simultaneously demonstrate both ITSS that are not visible with conventional magnetic resonance sequences and contrast enhancement.
Fighting to undo a deal: Identifying and resisting the financialization of the WestConnex motorway, Sydney, Australia
Authors: McManus Phil , Haughton Graham
Published: July 2020

WestConnex is a highly controversial urban toll motorway currently being built in Sydney. This article examines how the deals behind WestConnex were assembled in private and contested in public. It reveals how a new model of financialization was developed in response to earlier controversies around Sydney’s expanding network of private toll motorways, only to become itself embroiled in major opposition and protests against the project on various fronts, from the impacts of demolition to concerns about air pollution. One important strand of the protests involved activists and politicians coming together to share understanding and information about the deals behind WestConnex in order to develop strategies to ‘undo the deal’.
Shoulder-Pacemaker Treatment Concept for Posterior Positional Functional Shoulder Instability: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Moroder Philipp , Plachel Fabian , Van-Vliet Heiko , Adamczewski Christiane , Danzinger Victor
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pathological muscle activation patterns of the external rotators and periscapular muscles can result in posterior positional functional shoulder instability (PP-FSI). In several patients, physical therapy and surgical treatment are not successful.

Purpose:

The shoulder-pacemaker treatment concept was evaluated prospectively in patients with PP-FSI and previously failed conventional therapy attempt.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A negative selection of 24 consecutive cases of noncontrollable PP-FSI in 16 patients with previously failed conventional therapy were included in this prospective study. The shoulder-pacemaker treatment consisted of an electrical muscle stimulation–based therapy protocol with 9 to 18 one-hour treatment sessions. Two patients were excluded because of nonadherence to the training schedule, leaving a final study cohort of 21 cases in 14 patients. Follow-up included assessment of clinical function, impairment during daily activities and sports, satisfaction, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Rowe score, and Subjective Shoulder Value at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after intervention.

Results:

WOSI, Subjective Shoulder Value, and Rowe score showed a highly significant improvement at all time points of follow-up ( P < .001). Young age ( P = .005), low weight ( P = .019), shoulder activity level ( P = .003), unilateral affliction ( P = .046), and higher baseline WOSI score ( P = .04) were associated with a better treatment effect. Cases with increased glenoid retroversion, posterior scapulohumeral decentering, and dysplastic bony glenoid shape showed a trend toward shorter treatment effect duration. No complications during the intervention or follow-up period were observed.

Conclusion:

The shoulder-pacemaker therapy concept is an effective treatment with rapid improvement and sustained outcome over the course of 2 years in patients with noncontrollable PP-FSI with previously failed conventional treatment. Young and more athletic patients with lower weight and unilateral pathology respond best to the treatment.
Strategy Use on Clinical Administrations of Short-Term and Working Memory Tasks
Authors: AuBuchon Angela M. , Kronenberger William G. , Stone Lindsay , Pisoni David B.
Published: July 2020

Experimental measures of working memory that minimize rehearsal and maximize attentional control best predict higher-order cognitive abilities. These tasks fundamentally differ from clinically administered span tasks, which do not control strategy use. Participants engaged in concurrent articulation (to limit rehearsal) or concurrent tapping (to limit attentional refreshing) during forward and backward serial recall with each of three distinct stimulus sets: digits, line drawings of common objects, and images of nonsense symbols. The span tasks used common clinical stopping and scoring procedures. Scores were highest for digits and lowest for novel symbols in all combinations of direction and concurrent task. Furthermore, concurrent articulation and concurrent tapping interfered with backward recall to the same degree. Together, these findings indicate that clinically administered immediate serial recall tasks depend on both rehearsal and long-term lexical knowledge making it difficult to use these tasks to separate problems in language ability from problems in attention.
Why is the Public Sector the Employer of Choice among Women in the Middle East? A Gendered Qualitative Inquiry into PSM in a Global Context
Authors: Barsoum Ghada
Published: July 2020

The public sector is the key employer of educated women in Arab countries. This article seeks to explain this phenomenon, embedding the employment experience of these women within the knowledge base of public service motivation (PSM). Relying on semi-structured interviews conducted with women from Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, this article highlights three motivational factors among this group: “pure” service motivation; gender-specific motives; and extrinsic factors. The article shows that women’s work in the public sector is socially valued for reasons that pertain to a culture of gender expectations and respect for the public service. The analysis extends the scholarship on PSM into a global context and highlights the limitations of a PSM scholarship that is focused on attitudinal statements. The qualitative data supports an argument for the inclusion of contextual variables pertaining to institutions of socialization, gender roles, historical contexts, and labor market conditions into PSM research.
A self-assessment tool for healthcare and social service provision in French: What use for managers?
Authors: Savard Sébastien , Savard Jacinthe , van Kemenade Solange , Benoît Josée , Tabor Michelle
Published: July 2020

Language is an important determinant of health, and lack of access to quality, linguistically adapted healthcare and social services negatively impacts users. Besides the lack of bilingual resources, our previous research on Francophone minority community seniors’ trajectories through these services shed light on important and nonobvious challenges currently faced by organizations offering healthcare and social services to this population. Current service provision appeared limited due to organizations working in silos with suboptimally used resources for integrating active offer of French language services throughout the continuum of care. This situation led our team to create the Organizational and Community Resources Self-Assessment Tool for Active Offer and Continuity of French Language Healthcare and Social Services, which is intended to help managers and service providers promote and facilitate the integration of active offer throughout the continuum of service provision. This article describes the Tool’s creation, content validation, and pilot-testing.