bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial and uncontrolled 9-month follow-up of an adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Gratz K. L. , Tull M. T. , Levy R.
Published: August 2013

Background

Despite the clinical importance of deliberate self-harm (DSH; also referred to as non-suicidal self-injury) within borderline personality disorder (BPD), empirically supported treatments for this behavior among individuals with BPD are difficult to implement in many clinical settings. To address this limitation, a 14-week, adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy (ERGT) for DSH among women with BPD was developed. The current study examined the efficacy of this ERGT in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the durability of treatment gains over a 9-month uncontrolled follow-up period.

Method

Female out-patients with BPD and recent recurrent DSH were randomly assigned to receive this ERGT in addition to their ongoing out-patient therapy immediately (n = 31) or after 14 weeks (n = 30). Measures of DSH and other self-destructive behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning and the proposed mechanisms of change (emotion dysregulation/avoidance) were administered pre- and post-treatment or -waitlist (to assess treatment efficacy), and 3 and 9 months post-treatment (to assess durability of treatment gains).

Results

Intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses (n = 61) revealed significant effects of this ERGT on DSH and other self-destructive behaviors, emotion dysregulation, BPD symptoms, depression and stress symptoms, and quality of life. Analyses of all participants who began ERGT (across treatment and waitlist conditions; n = 51) revealed significant improvements from pre- to post-treatment on all outcomes, additional significant improvements from post-treatment to 9-month follow-up for DSH, emotion dysregulation/avoidance, BPD symptoms and quality of life, and no significant changes from post-treatment to 9-month follow-up on the other measures.

Conclusions

The results support the efficacy of this ERGT and the durability of treatment gains.
“We are here to salute the Red Army”: Basil Dean and His Russian Adventures
Authors: Warden Claire
Published: August 2013

In 1943, Britain had been at war with Nazi Germany for over three years. The USSR had become a rather unlikely British ally in 1941, and after two years of brutal conflict had begun to gain an advantage against German troops, who were demoralized by the fierce Russian winter and a lack of supplies. With this as a backdrop, on 21 February 1943, more than two thousand participants performed a large-scale pageant called Salute to the Red Army at the Royal Albert Hall in London to commemorate Red Army Day and celebrate the Soviet–British alliance against Nazi aggression. British cities such as Cardiff, Manchester, and Bristol also honored Britain's Russian allies with marches, rallies, and other celebrations. The pageant was London's contribution to these nationwide festivities. Although the audience at the Royal Albert Hall event comprised selected and invited guests, enormous crowds attended other regional events, as did prominent military dignitaries, members of local councils, local members of Parliament, and Russian military guests. This multicity event is one demonstration of how the extremes of war produce unlikely bedfellows.
Climato-economic habitats support patterns of human needs, stresses, and freedoms
Authors: Van de Vliert Evert
Published: August 2013

This paper examines why fundamental freedoms are so unevenly distributed across the earth. Climato-economic theorizing proposes that humans adapt needs, stresses, and choices of goals, means, and outcomes to the livability of their habitat. The evolutionary process at work is one of collectively meeting climatic demands of cold winters or hot summers by using monetary resources. Freedom is expected to be lowest in poor populations threatened by demanding thermal climates, intermediate in populations comforted by undemanding temperate climates irrespective of income per head, and highest in rich populations challenged by demanding thermal climates. This core hypothesis is supported with new survey data across 85 countries and 15 Chinese provinces and with a reinterpretative review of results of prior studies comprising 174 countries and the 50 states in the United States. Empirical support covers freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom of expression and participation, freedom from discrimination, and freedom to develop and realize one's human potential. Applying the theory to projections of temperature and income for 104 countries by 2112 forecasts that (a) poor populations in Asia, perhaps except Afghans and Pakistanis, will move up the international ladder of freedom, (b) poor populations in Africa will lose, rather than gain, relative levels of freedom unless climate protection and poverty reduction prevent this from happening, and (c) several rich populations will be challenged to defend current levels of freedom against worsening climato-economic livability.
Play, animals, resources: The need for a rich (and challenging) comparative environment
Authors: Burghardt Gordon M.
Published: August 2013

Van de Vliert proposes a comprehensive explanation for differences in “freedoms” in diverse human populations based on climate and monetary resources. This intriguing approach, though derived from an evolutionary view covering all species, is based exclusively on human populations. This anthropocentric lens is challenged by ways of testing Van de Vliert's thesis more generally using playfulness as a surrogate for freedom.
The Japanese-Garden Aesthetics of Robert Lepage:Shukukei,Mitate, andFusuma-einSeven Streams of the River Otaand Other Works
Authors: KANZAKI MAI , WISE JENNIFER
Published: August 2013

This article demonstrates the existence of a strong aesthetic kinship between themise en scèneof Robert Lepage and the representational mode of the classical Japanese rock garden. In order to elicit the creative participation of an active spectator, both use such Zen techniques as a radical reduction of scale, orshukukei(miniature landscape); minimalistic material metaphors, ormitate(metaphoric representation); and an asymmetrical, fragmented style, orfusuma-e(fragmented scene). Drawing on the theory and practice of Japanese rock gardening, this article introduces a new critical vocabulary for describing the representational logic, and enlightening effects, of Lepage's approach to ‘setting up stones’ on the stage inSeven Streams of the River Otaand other works.
Kylián's Space Composition and His Narrative Abstract Ballet
Authors: YUZURIHARA AKIKO
Published: August 2013

Kaguyahime is one of Kylián's rare narrative ballets. This paper deals with the way in which Kylián reduces the narrative content of the literary tale on which the ballet is based to an abstract form, to adapt the ballet to his narrative–abstract style of choreography. The focus of the discussion is on his method of space composition: first, his practice of arranging and moving dancers around the stage; second, his design of the space, which takes into account the areas beyond the stage. The paper analyses each scene of Kaguyahime and seeks to show that the space is structured on the basis of perpendicular lines across the width and depth of the stage. The contrasting heavenly and earthly worlds which constitute the axes of the original story correspond to the axes of space – this being a device of Kylián's to formulate the narrative by using the space.
Expression pattern of STAT5A gene during early bovine embryogenesis
Authors: Flisikowski Krzysztof , Boulhaeve Marc , Lopes Fabiola P. , Wolf Eckhard , Zwierzchowski Lech
Published: August 2013

Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in early embryo development. It has been shown to activate multiple pathways, the most comprehensively studied being the STAT/JAK (Signal transducers and activators of transcription/Janus kinase) pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate STAT5A gene expression during early bovine embryogenesis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the abundance of STAT5A transcripts. The mRNA was present at all stages of preimplantation bovine embryos investigated. The most abundant STAT5A expression occurred at the 2-cell stage. Expression was markedly reduced between the 4-cell and 8-cell stages, coinciding with the known time of embryo genome activation and loss of maternal mRNAs. This finding suggests that the embryonic STAT5A gene is primarily activated by maternal gene products.
How Functional Connectivity between Emotion Regulation Structures Can Be Disrupted: Preliminary Evidence from Adolescents with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Newsome Mary R. , Scheibel Randall S. , Mayer Andrew R. , Chu Zili D. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Hanten Gerri , Steinberg Joel L. , Lin Xiaodi , Li Xiaoqi , Merkley Tricia L. , Hunter Jill V. , Vasquez Ana C. , Cook Lori , Lu Hanzhang , Vinton Kami , Levin Harvey S.
Published: August 2013

Outcome of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) includes impaired emotion regulation. Emotion regulation has been associated with amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate (rACC). However, functional connectivity between the two structures after injury has not been reported. A preliminary examination of functional connectivity of rACC and right amygdala was conducted in adolescents 2 to 3 years after moderate to severe TBI and in typically developing (TD) control adolescents, with the hypothesis that the TBI adolescents would demonstrate altered functional connectivity in the two regions. Functional connectivity was determined by correlating fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of the rACC and right amygdala with that of other brain regions. In the TBI adolescents, the rACC was found to be significantly less functionally connected to medial prefrontal cortices and to right temporal regions near the amygdala (height threshold T = 2.5, cluster level p < .05, FDR corrected), while the right amygdala showed a trend in reduced functional connectivity with the rACC (height threshold T = 2.5, cluster level p = .06, FDR corrected). Data suggest disrupted functional connectivity in emotion regulation regions. Limitations include small sample sizes. Studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to characterize the persistent neural damage resulting from moderate to severe TBI during development. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)
Low-Voltage Electron-Probe Microanalysis of Fe–Si Compounds Using Soft X-Rays
Authors: Gopon Phillip , Fournelle John , Sobol Peter E. , Llovet Xavier
Published: August 2013

Conventional electron-probe microanalysis has an X-ray analytical spatial resolution on the order of 1–4 μm width/depth. Many of the naturally occurring Fe–Si compounds analyzed in this study are smaller than 1 μm in size, requiring the use of lower accelerating potentials and nonstandard X-ray lines for analysis. Problems with the use of low-energy X-ray lines (soft X-rays) of iron for quantitative analyses are discussed and a review is given of the alternative X-ray lines that may be used for iron at or below 5 keV (i.e., accelerating voltage that allows analysis of areas of interest <1 μm). Problems include increased sensitivity to surface effects for soft X-rays, peak shifts (induced by chemical bonding, differential self-absorption, and/or buildup of carbon contamination), uncertainties in the mass attenuation coefficient for X-ray lines near absorption edges, and issues with spectral resolution and count rates from the available Bragg diffractors. In addition to the results from the traditionally used Fe Lα line, alternative approaches, utilizing Fe Lβ, and Fe Ll-η lines, are discussed.
Energy Loss by Channeled Electrons: A Quantitative Study on Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Tatsumi Kazuyoshi , Muto Shunsuke , Rusz Ján
Published: August 2013

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) attached to current transmission electron microscopes can probe not only element-selective chemical information, but also site-selective information that depends on the position that a specific element occupies in a crystal lattice. The latter information is exploited by utilizing the Bloch waves symmetry in the crystal, which changes with its orientation with respect to the incident electron wave (electron channeling). We demonstrate the orientation dependence of the cross-section of the electron energy-loss near-edge structure for particular crystalline sites of spinel ferrites, by quantitatively taking into account the dynamical diffraction effects with a large number of the diffracted beams. The theoretical results are consistent with a set of experiments in which the transition metal sites in spinel crystal structures are selectively excited. A new measurement scheme for site-selective EELS using a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector is proposed and validated by theoretical predictions and trial experiments.
Prone belly board device training improves geometric setup accuracy in lower GI radiotherapy
Authors: Goldsworthy S. , McGrail S.
Published: August 2013

Background

Patients having a course of radiotherapy (RT) must be appropriately immobilised for stability and accuracy. Having opened a new cancer service in June 2009 and commenced treating lower gastrointestinal cancers in 2010, a prone belly board device (BBD) was introduced as the standard radiotherapy immobilisation. A training package was created to aid clinical skills retention of therapeutic radiographers and manage setup quality. Setup reproducibility using the BBD was retrospectively assessed with electronic portal image (EPI) verified geometric displacements as the main outcome measure both before and after the introduction of training.

Method

Twenty retrospective Pinnacle computed tomography-planned patients and their geometric displacements on treatment were evaluated between 2010 and 2011—ten prior to (Patient Group A) and ten following training (Patient Group B). The only inclusion criterion was that patients were immobilised for RT on the Medtec ContouraTM carbon fibre BBD. Patients were prone and were treated to 45–50·4 Gy in 25–28 fractions on a 6–10 MV LinAc equipped with EPI. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing geometric measurement of the bony pelvis on the Pinnacle digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) with an EPI captured at day 0, 1, 2 and weekly during treatment for each patient. Systematic and random errors were analysed with respect to the average geometric displacement with standard deviation per patient between the Pinnacle DRR and the EPI.

Results

The age range was 41–77 years and there were 15 male and five female patients with diagnosed rectal cancers (T3–T4, N0–N2, M0). Three hundred and seventy one images were analysed. An improvement in population systematic and random error was most notable in the superior–inferior direction (Patient Group A Σpop = 3·1 mm, σpop = 3·6 mm to Patient Group B Σpop = 2·0 mm, σpop = 2·3 mm, respectively).

Discussion/Conclusion

There is evidence that the use of the BBD is more reproducible when accompanied by a task-specific training package. Based on the results of this study, further work will be carried out on training standardisation for patient positioning with a BBD for reducing systematic and random geometric displacements.
Genetic diversity ofColobanthus quitensisacross the Drake Passage
Authors: Acuña-Rodríguez Ian S. , Oses Rómulo , Cortés-Vasquez Jorge , Torres-Díaz Cristian , Molina-Montenegro Marco A.
Published: August 2013

The Drake Passage arises as a likely route for gene flow into Antarctica, as it is the shortest path between this continent and the rest of the world. Despite this, long-distance dispersion into Antarctica could be particularly complex for terrestrial biota. To compare the levels of genetic diversity between Antarctic and South American populations of the Antarctic pearlwort,Colobanthus quitensis, we conducted the first estimation of genetic diversity in this species using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Four populations across the Drake Passage were selected and their genetic composition was characterized. Differences among the levels of genetic diversity were found between the populations analysed as well as between their allelic identities. However, interestingly, their spatial distribution across the Drake Passage suggests a north-to-south gradient of increasing genetic diversity.
PRETENTIOUS SCANSION, FASCIST AESTHETICS, AND A FATHER-COMPLEX FOR JOYCE: E. E. CUMMINGS ON SAPPHICS AND EZRA POUND
Authors: Rosenblitt J. Alison
Published: August 2013

This paper considers a Sapphic poem written by E. E. Cummings: ‘the phonograph may(if it likes)be prophe’, which takes aim at Ezra Pound's relationship to the classical tradition and in particular at Pound's classicising use of quantitative metre. Cummings’ humourous but biting poem comments on Pound's literary ideas in the light of his fascist politics. Cummings’ poem constructs a layered discussion about ownership of the Classical tradition and about the privileging of the Classical aesthetic versus the English ear in English-language poetry. Thus Cummings offers both a critique of Pound and, implicitly, a literary argument concerning the role of the Classics in English verse.
Pi-shaped quarter wavelength structure for multiband applications
Authors: Wang Zhebin , Park Chan-Wang
Published: August 2013

In this paper, for the first time, we present a novel Pi-shaped structure using resonators for multiband applications. The multiband Pi-shaped structure with LC resonators is analyzed. In order to demonstrate the proposed multiband Pi-shaped structure, one tri-band Wilkinson power divider and one tri-band rat-race coupler are designed, fabricated, and tested. The compactness of the two demonstrated components is well kept by putting all stubs with resonators inside the components themselves. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
Rückenschmerzen im Erwerbstätigenalter
Authors: Klipstein Andreas , Nydegger Alexander
Published: August 2013

Rückenschmerzen im Erwerbstätigenalter zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie einerseits im Zusammenhang mit Arbeitstätigkeiten auftreten können, andererseits im Falle der Beeinträchtigung von Körperfunktionen mit den Arbeitsaufgaben interagieren können und so zur vorübergehenden oder andauernden Beeinträchtigung der Arbeitsfähigkeit führen können. Dies kann ökonomische, unter Umständen auch existentielle Probleme zur Folge haben. Obwohl auch neurogene und entzündliche Ursachen in Frage kommen, stellen die „banalen“ Rückenschmerzen mit und ohne Ausstrahlung die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Fälle dar. Ein Hauptproblem stellt sich aufgrund der hohen Rezidivneigung („periodischer Verlauf“). Nach frühzeitigem Ausschluss spezifischer Ursachen („rote Flaggen“: Anamnese und einfaches Labor meist ausreichend!) sind wiederholte Abklärung zu vermeiden. Strukturelle Veränderungen und physische Arbeitsbelastungen als Ursachen dürfen nicht überbewertet werden. Dagegen spielt in der Frühphase eine geeignete Information und Medikation, bei anhaltender Funktionsstörung eine aktive Behandlung (Verläufe über 3 Wochen oder Rezidive) im Vordergrund. Langzeitverläufe haben erhebliche individuelle und sozioökonomische Konsequenzen. Das Chronifizierungsrisiko kann mittels „gelber Flaggen“ und Verlaufscharakteristika erkannt werden. Eine möglichst rasche Rückkehr zu Alltagsaktivitäten ist vordringlich. Bei Risiko für chronische Verläufe und/oder Eingliederungsproblemen sind eine interdisziplinäre arbeitsbezogene Rehabilitation oder sozialberufliche Eingliederung zu forcieren.
Kognitive Verzerrungen bei Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung und deren Behandlung durch das «Metakognitive Training – Borderline»
Authors: Schilling Lisa , Köther Ulf , Nagel Matthias , Agorastos Agorastos , Moritz Steffen
Published: August 2013

Dysfunktionale Denkmuster spielen vermutlich eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. Daher erscheint es bedeutsam, derartige (meta-)kognitive Verzerrungen stärker in den Fokus empirischer Untersuchungen zu rücken und vermehrt in Therapiepläne zu integrieren. Ausgehend von bisherigen Befunden der kognitiven Grundlagenforschung wurde von unserer Arbeitsgruppe das «Metakognitive Training – Borderline» (B-MKT) entwickelt. Dieses niedrigschwellige, kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisch ausgerichtete Gruppenangebot soll den Patienten dysfunktionale Denkmuster bewusst machen und helfen, diese wirkungsvoll zu verändern. Das B-MKT versteht sich als add-on Therapiebaustein zur stationären oder ambulanten Standardbehandlung. Primäres Ziel ist die Reduktion von dysfunktionalen Denkverzerrungen.
„Schwierige Kinder” von Anfang an?
Authors: Schuchardt Kirsten , Grube Dietmar , Mähler Claudia
Published: August 2013

Bereits im Vorschulalter fallen viele Kinder durch Auffälligkeiten in der Aufmerksamkeitssteuerung und durch Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität auf. Während im Schulalter eine hohe Komorbidität von ADHS mit Lernstörungen und Störungen des Sozialverhaltens besteht, ist wenig darüber bekannt, ob bereits vor Schuleintritt das Risiko einer solchen Entwicklung vorherzusehen ist. So stellt sich die Frage, ob im Vorschulalter Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme mit defizitären schulrelevanten Vorläuferkompetenzen (numerische Kompetenzen, phonologische Bewusstheit, Arbeitsgedächtnis und schneller Abruf aus dem Langzeitgedächtnis) und Problemen in der sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung einhergehen. In einem längsschnittlichen Design wurde eine Gruppe von 21 Kindern, die von Erzieherinnen als Risikokinder für ADHS klassifiziert wurden, mit einer bezüglich der non-verbalen Intelligenz und des Alters parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe unauffälliger Kinder hinsichtlich schulischer Vorläuferkompetenzen, sozial-emotionaler Entwicklung und Schulfähigkeit verglichen. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Risikokinder trotz unbeeinträchtigter Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität und Intelligenz Defizite in den übrigen untersuchten Fähigkeiten aufwiesen und von den Erzieherinnen deutlich seltener als schulfähig eingestuft wurden. Somit scheint schon vor Schuleintritt eine umfassende Gefährdung für den Schulerfolg zu bestehen.
Bacterial genome replication at subzero temperatures in permafrost
Authors: Tuorto Steven J , Darias Phillip , McGuinness Lora R , Panikov Nicolai , Zhang Tingjun , Häggblom Max M , Kerkhof Lee J
Published: August 2013

Microbial metabolic activity occurs at subzero temperatures in permafrost, an environment representing ∼25% of the global soil organic matter. Although much of the observed subzero microbial activity may be due to basal metabolism or macromolecular repair, there is also ample evidence for cellular growth. Unfortunately, most metabolic measurements or culture-based laboratory experiments cannot elucidate the specific microorganisms responsible for metabolic activities in native permafrost, nor, can bulk approaches determine whether different members of the microbial community modulate their responses as a function of changing subzero temperatures. Here, we report on the use of stable isotope probing with 13C-acetate to demonstrate bacterial genome replication in Alaskan permafrost at temperatures of 0 to −20 °C. We found that the majority (80%) of operational taxonomic units detected in permafrost microcosms were active and could synthesize 13C-labeled DNA when supplemented with 13C-acetate at temperatures of 0 to −20 °C during a 6-month incubation. The data indicated that some members of the bacterial community were active across all of the experimental temperatures, whereas many others only synthesized DNA within a narrow subzero temperature range. Phylogenetic analysis of 13C-labeled 16S rRNA genes revealed that the subzero active bacteria were members of the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria phyla and were distantly related to currently cultivated psychrophiles. These results imply that small subzero temperature changes may lead to changes in the active microbial community, which could have consequences for biogeochemical cycling in permanently frozen systems.
Community shifts of actively growing lake bacteria after N-acetyl-glucosamine addition: improving the BrdU-FACS method
Authors: Tada Yuya , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: August 2013

In aquatic environments, community dynamics of bacteria, especially actively growing bacteria (AGB), are tightly linked with dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and quality. We analyzed the community dynamics of DNA-synthesizing and accordingly AGB by linking an improved bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry approach with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (BrdU-FACS). FACS-sorted cells of even oligotrophic ecosystems in winter were characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. In incubation experiments, we examined community shifts of AGB in response to the addition of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), one of the most abundant aminosugars in aquatic systems. Our improved BrdU-FACS analysis revealed that AGB winter communities of oligotrophic Lake Stechlin (northeastern Germany) substantially differ from those of total bacteria and consist of Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, Deltaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Candidatus OP10 and Chloroflexi. AGB populations with different BrdU-fluorescence intensities and cell sizes represented different phylotypes suggesting that single-cell growth potential varies at the taxon level. NAG incubation experiments demonstrated that a variety of widespread taxa related to Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi actively grow in the presence of NAG. The BrdU-FACS approach enables detailed phylogenetic studies of AGB and, thus, to identify those phylotypes which are potential key players in aquatic DOM cycling.
Pharmacometrics: Opportunity for Reducing Disease Burden in the Developing World: The Case of Africa
Authors: Pillai G , Davies G , Denti P , Steimer J‐L , McIlleron H , Zvada S , Chigutsa E , Ngaimisi E , Mirza F , Tadmor B , Holford NHG
Published: August 2013

Pharmacometricians are virtually nonexistent in Africa and the developing world. The unrelenting burden of infectious diseases, which are often treated using medicines with narrow effectiveness and safety dose ranges, and the growing prevalence and recognition of non‐communicable diseases represent significant threats for the patients, although affording an opportunity for advancing science. This article outlines the case for pharmacometricians to redirect their expertise to focus on the disease burden affecting the developing world.

CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e69; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.45; published online 28 August 2013
Daily rhythms in antennal protein and olfactory sensitivity in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Rund Samuel S. C. , Bonar Nicolle A. , Champion Matthew M. , Ghazi John P. , Houk Cameron M. , Leming Matthew T. , Syed Zainulabeuddin , Duffield Giles E.
Published: August 2013

We recently characterized 24-hr daily rhythmic patterns of gene expression in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. These include numerous odorant binding proteins (OBPs), soluble odorant carrying proteins enriched in olfactory organs. Here we demonstrate that multiple rhythmically expressed genes including OBPs and takeout proteins, involved in regulating blood feeding behavior, have corresponding rhythmic protein levels as measured by quantitative proteomics. This includes AgamOBP1, previously shown as important to An. gambiae odorant sensing. Further, electrophysiological investigations demonstrate time-of-day specific differences in olfactory sensitivity of antennae to major host-derived odorants. The pre-dusk/dusk peaks in OBPs and takeout gene expression correspond with peak protein abundance at night and in turn coincide with the time of increased olfactory sensitivity to odorants requiring OBPs and times of increased blood-feeding behavior. This suggests an important role for OBPs in modulating temporal changes in odorant sensitivity, enabling the olfactory system to coordinate with the circadian niche of An. gambiae.
Comparison of pseudo-living character of RAFT polymerizations conducted under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions
Authors: Semsarilar Mona , Jones Elizabeth R. , Armes Steven P.
Published: August 2013

Evidence is presented for (i) the greater pseudo-living character of RAFT dispersion polymerization compared to the equivalent solution polymerization and (ii) the presence of monomer-swollen micelles in the former formulation.
Physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial SLC25 carriers
Authors: Gutiérrez-Aguilar Manuel , Baines Christopher P.
Published: August 2013

The mitochondrion relies on compartmentalization of certain enzymes, ions and metabolites for the sake of efficient metabolism. In order to fulfil its activities, a myriad of carriers are properly expressed, targeted and folded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Among these carriers, the six-transmembrane-helix mitochondrial SLC25 (solute carrier family 25) proteins facilitate transport of solutes with disparate chemical identities across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although their proper function replenishes building blocks needed for metabolic reactions, dysfunctional SLC25 proteins are involved in pathological states. It is the purpose of the present review to cover the current knowledge on the role of SLC25 transporters in health and disease.
The down-regulation of GNAO1 and its promoting role in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pei Xiaoyu , Zhang Jun , Wu Lijun , Lü Bin , Zhang Xiaojiao , Yang Dongqin , Liu Jie
Published: August 2013

GNAO1 (guanine nucleotide-binding protein, α-activating activity polypeptide O) is a member of the subunit family of Gα proteins, which are molecular switchers controlling signal transductions and whose deregulation can promote oncogenesis. HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is one of the malignant tumours around the world, which summons novel biomarkers or targets for effective diagnosis and treatments. The present study was aimed to investigate the expression of GNAO1 in HCC patient tissues and the possible mechanisms by which it took effects. The expression of GNAO1 was detected by IHC (immunohistochemistry) and real-time qPCR (quantitative PCR). Cell proliferation test and cell senescence test were then performed to explore the role of GNAO1 in the occurrence and development of HCC. It was revealed that the level of GNAO1 was comparably less in HCC tissues than in the adjacent tissues. Furthermore, down-regulation of GNAO1 increased cell proliferation, while suppressing the senescence of HCC cells. In conclusion, our findings revealed and confirmed the importance of GNAO1 in HCC, indicating that GNAO1 is a potential biomarker as well as a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
Finite‐time boundedness and stabilisation for a class of non‐linear quadratic time‐delay systems with disturbances
Authors: Chen Fu , Xu Shengyuan , Zou Yun , Zhang Minsong
Published: August 2013

The problems of finite‐time boundedness (FTB) and stabilisation for a class of non‐linear quadratic time‐delay systems with exogenous disturbances are investigated in this study. Based on the quadratic Lyapunov function, Razumikhin‐type techniques, and a particular presentation for the quadratic terms, sufficient conditions for FTB and stabilisation for quadratic systems with exogenous disturbances are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the methodology proposed in this study.
Dezert–Smarandache theory for multiple targets tracking in natural environment
Authors: Wang Yi , Fang Yingwu , Zhang Jian , Li Pengyang
Published: August 2013

The aim of this article was to investigate multiple targets tracking in natural environment based on Dezert–Smarandache theory (DSmT). On the basis of establishing conflict strategy and combination model, the basic framework and algorithm of fusing multi‐source information were described. The multiple targets tracking platform which embedded location and colour cues into the particle filters (PFs) was developed in the framework of DSmT. Three sets of experiments with comparisons were carried out to validate the suggested tracking approach. Results showed that the conflict strategy and DSmT combination model were available, and the introduced approach exhibited a significantly better performance for dealing with high conflict between evidences than a PF. As a result, the approach was suitable for real‐time video‐based targets tracking, and it had the ability to track interesting targets. Furthermore, the approach can easily be generalised to deal with larger number of targets and additional cues in a complicated environment.
Depth order estimation for video frames using motion occlusions
Authors: Palou Guillem , Salembier Philippe
Published: August 2013

This study proposes a system to estimate the depth order of regions belonging to a monocular image sequence. For each frame, the regions are ordered according to their relative depth using information from the previous and following frames. The algorithm estimates occlusions relying on a hierarchical region‐based representation of the image by means of a binary tree. This representation is used to define the final depth order partition which is obtained through an energy minimisation process. Finally, to achieve a global and consistent depth ordering, a depth order graph is constructed and used to eliminate contradictory local cues. The system is evaluated and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art figure/ground labelling systems showing very good results.
Myocardium segmentation in Strain‐Encoded (SENC) magnetic resonance images using graph‐cuts
Authors: Al‐Agamy Ahmed O. , Osman Nael F. , Fahmy Ahmed S.
Published: August 2013

Evaluation of cardiac functions using Strain Encoded (SENC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a powerful tool for imaging the deformation of left and right ventricles. However, automated analysis of SENC images is hindered due to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio SENC images. In this work, the authors propose a method to segment the left and right ventricles myocardium simultaneously in SENC‐MR short‐axis images. In addition, myocardium seed points are automatically selected using skeletonisation algorithm and used as hard constraints for the graph‐cut optimization algorithm. The method is based on a modified formulation of the graph‐cuts energy term. In the new formulation, a signal probabilistic model is used, rather than the image histogram, to capture the characteristics of the blood and tissue signals and include it in the cost function of the graph‐cuts algorithm. The method is applied to SENC datasets for 11 human subjects (five normal and six patients with known myocardial wall motion abnormality). The segmentation results of the proposed method are compared with those resulting from both manual segmentation and the conventional histogram‐based graph‐cuts segmentation algorithm. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the histogram‐based graph‐cuts algorithm especially to segment the thin structure of the right ventricle.
Antenna miniaturisation and broadband design via a decomposition of structure into conjugated elemental antennas for natural impedance matching
Authors: Chou Hsi‐Tseng , Chao Tzu‐Chun , Hsu Heng‐Tung , Kuo Li‐Ruei , Kuo Fang‐Yao
Published: August 2013

This study introduces a useful technique for an effective antenna design to achieve size miniaturisation or broadband operation. The key idea is the decomposition of the antenna structure into several elemental parts having naturally conjugate input reactance values. Each of the decomposed elemental parts serves as both the matching element and radiator simultaneously, instead of simply being lumped components such as capacitors or inductors. Since the matching element has a reactance conjugate to that of the original antenna, the integrated structure via the connection of these elements in series or parallel will be able to achieve a natural resonance, allowing one to either miniaturise the antenna by using small‐sized elements, or achieve a broadband operation if the impedance variations of these elements are similar.
Quantization maps, algebra representation, and non-commutative Fourier transform for Lie groups
Authors: Guedes Carlos , Oriti Daniele , Raasakka Matti
Published: August 2013

The phase space given by the cotangent bundle of a Lie group appears in the context of several models for physical systems. A representation for the quantum system in terms of non-commutative functions on the (dual) Lie algebra, and a generalized notion of (non-commutative) Fourier transform, different from standard harmonic analysis, has been recently developed, and found several applications, especially in the quantum gravity literature. We show that this algebra representation can be defined on the sole basis of a quantization map of the classical Poisson algebra, and identify the conditions for its existence. In particular, the corresponding non-commutative star-product carried by this representation is obtained directly from the quantization map via deformation quantization. We then clarify under which conditions a unitary intertwiner between such algebra representation and the usual group representation can be constructed giving rise to the non-commutative plane waves and consequently, the non-commutative Fourier transform. The compact groups U(1) and SU(2) are considered for different choices of quantization maps, such as the symmetric and the Duflo map, and we exhibit the corresponding star-products, algebra representations, and non-commutative plane waves.
Explicitly correlated plane waves: Accelerating convergence in periodic wavefunction expansions
Authors: Grüneis Andreas , Shepherd James J. , Alavi Ali , Tew David P. , Booth George H.
Published: August 2013

We present an investigation into the use of an explicitly correlated plane wave basis for periodic wavefunction expansions at the level of second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory. The convergence of the electronic correlation energy with respect to the one-electron basis set is investigated and compared to conventional MP2 theory in a finite homogeneous electron gas model. In addition to the widely used Slater-type geminal correlation factor, we also derive and investigate a novel correlation factor that we term Yukawa-Coulomb. The Yukawa-Coulomb correlation factor is motivated by analytic results for two electrons in a box and allows for a further improved convergence of the correlation energies with respect to the employed basis set. We find the combination of the infinitely delocalized plane waves and local short-ranged geminals provides a complementary, and rapidly convergent basis for the description of periodic wavefunctions. We hope that this approach will expand the scope of discrete wavefunction expansions in periodic systems.
Infrared absorption of 3-propenonyl (⋅CH2CHCO) radical generated upon photolysis of acryloyl chloride [CH2CHC(O)Cl] in solid para-H2
Authors: Das Prasanta , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: August 2013

Irradiation at 193 nm of a p-H2 matrix containing acryloyl chloride CH2CHC(O)Cl at 3.2 K yielded infrared absorption lines at 3143.6 (ν1), 3057.0 (ν2), 3048.0 (ν3), 2103.1 (ν4), 1461.0 (ν5), 1349.8 (ν6), 1223.7 (ν11+ν12 or 2ν12), 1092.8 (ν8), 918.1 (ν9), 691.0 (ν10), 624.3 (ν11), and 597.1 (ν12) cm−1 that are assigned to the 3-propenonyl (⋅CH2CHCO) radical. The assignments are based on the photolytic behavior and a comparison of observed vibrational wavenumbers and infrared intensities with those predicted with the B3PW91/aug-cc-pVDZ method. The observation is consistent with a major radical formation channel CH2CHCO + Cl followed by escape of the Cl atom from the original p-H2 cage. The observation of 3-propenonyl (⋅CH2CHCO) radical but not 3-propenalyl (s-cis- or s-trans-CH2CHĊO) radical indicates that the former is the most stable isomer and that the barrier heights for conversion from s-cis- or s-trans-CH2CHĊO to ⋅CH2CHCO are small.
Direct numerical simulation of electroconvective instability and hydrodynamic chaos near an ion-selective surface
Authors: Druzgalski C. L. , Andersen M. B. , Mani A.
Published: August 2013

We present a comprehensive analysis of transport processes associated with electrohydrodynamic chaos in electrokinetic systems containing an ion-selective surface. The system considered is an aqueous symmetric binary electrolyte between an ion-selective surface and a stationary reservoir. Transport is driven by an external electric field. Using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the coupled Poisson–Nernst–Planck and Navier–Stokes equations in 2D we show significant transitions in flow behavior from coherent vortex pairs to fully chaotic multi-layer vortex structures with a broadband energy spectrum. Additionally, we demonstrate that these vortices can eject both positive and negative free charge density into the bulk of the domain and completely disrupt the structure of the traditionally described extended space charge region. The resulting dynamical behavior poses a challenge for traditional asymptotic modeling that relies on the quasi-electroneutral bulk assumption. Furthermore, we quantify for the first time the relative importance of energy dissipation due to viscous effects in various transport regimes. Finally, we present a framework for the development of ensemble-averaged models (similar to Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations) and assess the importance of the unclosed terms based on our DNS data.
Free energy barrier in the growth of sulfuric acid–ammonia and sulfuric acid–dimethylamine clusters
Authors: Olenius T. , Kupiainen-Määttä O. , Ortega I. K. , Kurtén T. , Vehkamäki H.
Published: August 2013

The first step in atmospheric new particle formation involves the aggregation of gas phase molecules into small molecular clusters that can grow by colliding with gas molecules and each other. In this work we used first principles quantum chemistry combined with a dynamic model to study the steady-state kinetics of sets of small clusters consisting of sulfuric acid and ammonia or sulfuric acid and dimethylamine molecules. Both sets were studied with and without electrically charged clusters. We show the main clustering pathways in the simulated systems together with the quantum chemical Gibbs free energies of formation of the growing clusters. In the sulfuric acid–ammonia system, the major growth pathways exhibit free energy barriers, whereas in the acid–dimethylamine system the growth occurs mainly via barrierless condensation. When ions are present, charged clusters contribute significantly to the growth in the acid–ammonia system. For dimethylamine the role of ions is minor, except at very low acid concentration, and the growing clusters are electrically neutral.
The molecular yo-yo method: Live jump detection improves throughput of single-molecule force spectroscopy for out-of-equilibrium transitions
Authors: Mack A. H. , Schlingman D. J. , Kamenetska M. , Collins R. , Regan L. , Mochrie S. G. J.
Published: August 2013

By monitoring multiple molecular transitions, force-clamp, and trap-position-clamp methods have led to precise determinations of the free energies and free energy landscapes for molecular states populated in equilibrium at the same or similar forces. Here, we present a powerful new elaboration of the force-clamp and force-jump methods, applicable to transitions far from equilibrium. Specifically, we have implemented a live jump detection and force-clamp algorithm that intelligently adjusts and maintains the force on a single molecule in response to the measured state of that molecule. We are able to collect hundreds of individual molecular transitions at different forces, many times faster than previously, permitting us to accurately determine force-dependent lifetime distributions and reaction rates. Application of our method to unwinding and rewinding the nucleosome inner turn, using optical tweezers reveals experimental lifetime distributions that comprise a statistically meaningful number of transitions, and that are accurately single exponential. These measurements significantly reduce the error in the previously measured rates, and demonstrate the existence of a single, dominant free energy barrier at each force studied. A key benefit of the molecular yo-yo method for nucleosomes is that it reduces as far as possible the time spent in the tangentially bound state, which minimizes the loss of nucleosomes by dissociation.
An electrochemical surface plasmon resonance imaging system targeting cell analysis
Authors: Zhang L. L. , Chen X. , Wei H. T. , Li H. , Sun J. H. , Cai H. Y. , Chen J. L. , Cui D. F.
Published: August 2013

This paper presents an electrochemical-surface plasmon resonance imaging (EC-SPRI) system, enabling the characterization of optical and electrical properties of cells, simultaneously. The developed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging system was capable of imaging micro cavities with a dimension of 10 μm × 10 μm and differentiated glycerol solutions with a group of refractive indices (RIs). Furthermore, the EC-SPRI system was used to image A549 cells, suggesting corresponding RI and morphology changes during the cell death process. In the end, electrochemical and SPR methods were used in combination, recording oxidation peaks of A549 cells in the cyclic voltage curves and SPR response unit increase, simultaneously.
An expanded calibration study of the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12b method using large basis set standard CCSD(T) atomization energies
Authors: Feller David , Peterson Kirk A.
Published: August 2013

The effectiveness of the recently developed, explicitly correlated coupled cluster method CCSD(T)-F12b is examined in terms of its ability to reproduce atomization energies derived from complete basis set extrapolations of standard CCSD(T). Most of the standard method findings were obtained with aug-cc-pV7Z or aug-cc-pV8Z basis sets. For a few homonuclear diatomic molecules it was possible to push the basis set to the aug-cc-pV9Z level. F12b calculations were performed with the cc-pVnZ-F12 (n = D, T, Q) basis set sequence and were also extrapolated to the basis set limit using a Schwenke-style, parameterized formula. A systematic bias was observed in the F12b method with the (VTZ-F12/VQZ-F12) basis set combination. This bias resulted in the underestimation of reference values associated with small molecules (valence correlation energies <0.5 Eh) and an even larger overestimation of atomization energies for bigger systems. Consequently, caution should be exercised in the use of F12b for high accuracy studies. Root mean square and mean absolute deviation error metrics for this basis set combination were comparable to complete basis set values obtained with standard CCSD(T) and the aug-cc-pVDZ through aug-cc-pVQZ basis set sequence. However, the mean signed deviation was an order of magnitude larger. Problems partially due to basis set superposition error were identified with second row compounds which resulted in a weak performance for the smaller VDZ-F12/VTZ-F12 combination of basis sets.