bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norbornene Probes for the Detection of Cysteine Sulfenic Acid in Cells
Authors: Alcock Lisa , Oliveira Bruno , Deery Michael , Pukala Tara , Perkins Michael , Bernardes Gonçalo , Chalker Justin
Published: November 2018

Norbornene derivatives were validated as probes for cysteine sulfenic acid on proteins and in live cells. Trapping sulfenic acids with norbornene probes is highly selective and revealed a different reactivity profile than the traditional dimedone reagent. The norbornene probe also revealed a superior chemoselectivity when compared to a commonly used dimedone probe. Together, these results advance the study of cysteine oxidation in biological systems.
Kombinasi Campuran Limbah Kayu dan Non Kayu untuk Briket sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif
Authors: HS Suroto , Sirait Jantri
Published: November 2018

Berdasarkan  pengalaman   dari proses moulding  limbah yang diperoleh  mencapai  25% dari volume kayu yang  diolah. Jika kayu yang  diolah sekitar  100 m3 per hari maka akan diperoleh limbah  sekitar  25 m3.  Jika  dalam  setu  bulan  bekerja  25 hari  maka  akan  diperoleh  limbah sebesar 625 m3.  Jika  diasumsikan   hasil samping  tempurunq   kelapa  sebesar 10% dengan rata-rata produksi  kelapa  di Kaltim sebesar    1.195.68 kg/Ha maka diperkirakan  hasil sampingtempurung  kelapa sebesar  119,57 Kg/Ha.  Batubara   saat ini merupeken  hasil tambang  yang potensial penghasil  pendapatan asli daerah.  Penggunaan   utama  batubara  saat ini sebagai penghasil  energi,  namun  pada  sisi lain sebagian  dimanfaa/kan   un/uk  briket  batubara.  Asal bahan  baku  briket  saat ini kebanyakan   mesih  dalam  bentuk  tunggal  (batubara, tempurung kelapa  dan arang kayu).  Dalam penelitian  ini akan mengkombinasikan    bahan  limbah  serbuk arang kayu, tempurung  kelapa dan batubara.  Hasil menunjukan  kualitas briket tunggal dengan parameter  nilai kalor berturut-turut   5.419 cal/g bengkirai  (B), 5.324 cal/g batubara  (Bb), 4.356 cal/g tempurung   kelapa  {Tk}, 4.126 cal/g  ulin (U), dan  4.087  ca//g merent!  (M). Sedangkankualitas  kombinasi  cemouren  dengan  parameter   nilai kalor  berturut-turui     4.876 cal/g  BBb,4.868  cal/g  BTk, 4.783 cal/g  UMB, 4.760 cal/g  BTk, 4.477 cal/g UTk, 4.454 cal/g  UB, 4.221 cal/g BTk, 4.162 cal/g BM, 4.156 cal/g  MBb, dan 4.039 cal/g UM. Bila dibandingkan  dengan standar   nilai  kalor  yang  dipersyaratkan    secara  nasional   dan  internasional   masih   belummemenuhi  slandar.
Learning teaching strategy on environmental health with nursing students / Estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem com acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre saúde ambiental / Estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje con académicos de enfermería sobre salud ambiental
Authors: Beserra Eveline Pinheiro , Campos Atos Rodrigues , Brandão Lethicia Barreto , Morais Neto Raimundo Xavier , Lima Taynara Camille Guilherme , Lima Maria Alzete de
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de uma estratégia de aprendizagem em saúde ambiental por meio de fotografias. Metodologia: relato de experiência sobre metodologia de ensino aplicada na disciplina Saúde coletiva e ambiental, do curso de graduação em Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal da região Norte do Brasil, realizada em 2014, dividido em três etapas. Resultados: a estratégia potencializou o diálogo com os estudantes sobre saúde ambiental, pois favoreceu aproximação real com o cotidiano bem como reflexão sobre o processo saúde-doença, discussão sobre os determinantes sociais e identificação do papel do enfermeiro nesse campo de atuação. Uma dificuldade superada foi a integralização das questões relativa ao meio ambiente e sustentabilidade e a saúde da comunidade. Conclusão: A formação de enfermeiros críticos acerca da saúde ambiental e sua relação intrínseca com a saúde precisa de ações criativas. Os estudantes verificaram ser imprescindível a atuação da enfermagem como moderadora e provedora de ações de saúde ambiental em prol da comunidade.Descritores: Educação em Enfermagem. Saúde Ambiental. Saúde Pública.
Pengujian Karakteristik Fisik Jagung Bisi 2 untuk Mendesain Mesin Pemipil Jagung Portabel
Authors: Pomalingo Moh Fikri , Botutihe Sjahril , Ginting Agus Susanto
Published: November 2018

Jagung merupakan salah satu potensi lokal utama di Gorontalo. Komoditi ini dibudidayakan di lahan datar dan lahan miring. Desa Botuwombato merupakan salah satu desa yang penghasil jagung terbesar di Gorontalo. salah satu varietas jagung yang banyak dibudidayakan di Gorontalo adalah Jagung Bisi 2. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu belum adanya data karakteristik fisik buah jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fisik buah dan biji jagung Bisi 2 sehingga dapat merancang alat dan mesin dan pertanian yang baik dan tepat dalam pengoperasioannya. Pengukuran massa jagung dilakukan dengan menggunakan timbagan analitik dan pengukuran dimensi menggunakan jangka sorong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata massa jagung mencapai 108.6 g.  Berat rerata biji jagung yang berada pada ujung, tengah dan pangkal secara berurutan mencapai 19.4 g, 22.2 g, dan 24.2 g. Hasil penelitian juga membuktikan bahwa dimensi biji jagung terbesar berada pada pangkal buah, sedangkan diameter tongkol terkecil berada pada ujung tongkol dengan nilai 19.4 mm.
Osvrt na Rješenje Ustavnog suda RH br: U-I-4175/2013-pp od 27. VIII. 2013.
Authors: Pavlović Mladen
Published: November 2018

Predstečajna nagodba koja je propisana Zakonom o financijskom poslovanju i predstečajnoj nagodbi (NN 108/12,144/12,81/13, 112/13) podsjeća na nekadašnju izvanstečajnu prinudnu nagodbu pred sudom. Intencija ovog Zakona bila je propisati pravne norme kojima bi se omogućilo hitro i učinkovito saniranje insolventnih, nelikvidnih i prezaduženih gospodarskih subjekata. U tom Zakonu nema naznake da bi takva nagodba bila prisilnog karaktera, ali se tijekom njegove primjene u praksi uočilo da pojedine njegove odredbe upućuju na takvu mogućnost. Zbog toga je došlo do podnošenja zahtjeva za ocjenu ustavnosti njegovih odredbi Ustavnom sudu RH, koje pojedine sudionike predstečajne nagodbe stavljaju u povoljni položaj te na taj način omogućavaju zloporabe na koje se ukazivalo u podnesenom zahtjevu. Ustavni sud RH u svezi s podnesenim zahtjevom donio je Rješenje pod brojem: U-I-4175/2013-PP od 27. kolovoza 2013. godine kojim je u preliminarnom postupku, uvažavajući djelomično podnesene prigovore dužnika u stečajnoj nagodbi, podneseni zahtjev preoblikovao u prijedlog za ocjenu suglasnosti navedenog Zakona, odnosno pojedinih njegovih odredbi s Ustavom RH, ukinuo je rješenje kojim je bilo određeno zastajanje s postupkom i naložio njegovo bezodložno nastavljanje. Kako je Ustavni sud RH naglasio da je doneseno Rješenje precedentnog karaktera, autor je analizirao zauzeta stajališta Ustavnog suda RH koja su bila temeljem donesenih odluka i došao do spoznaje da je, s obzirom na važnost ove problematike, moglo i trebalo biti doneseno drukčije Rješenje te smatra da isto ne bi trebalo ubuduće imati presedanski karakter.
Keadilan Sosial Versi Soekarno dan Versi Masa Kini
Authors: Lorenza Agnes Nona , Dewantara Agustinus
Published: November 2018

Dulu para tokoh BPUPKI dan juga PPKI telah bersusah payah dalam menyusun dan menetapkan dasar negara kita, yaitu Pancasila. Di dalam Pancasila tersebut terdapat lima sila. Sila yang akan saya bahas dalam paper ini adalah sila yang terakhir atau ke lima yaitu “Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia”. Dalam sila tersebut sudah dikatakan bahwa keadilan yang ada di Indonesia itu menyeluruh bagi rakyat. Entah itu rakyat miskin, pejabat, atau bahkan presiden sekalipun seharusnya bisa sama rata dalam menikmati kemakmuran tanpa memandang status dan kedudukan yang dimiliki. Tapi apa yang terjadi dan kita temui pada masa sekarang ini? Apakah masih berlaku pernyataan tersebut?
Implementasi Semangat Gotong Royong Menurut Ir. Soekarno dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Indonesia di Masa Pemerintahan Jokowi
Authors: Saptohimawan Dominikus Dwi Katmono
Published: November 2018

Implementasi semangat gotong-royong menurut Ir Soekarno dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia di masa pemerintahan Jokowi, masyarakat Indonesia masih belum dapat menerapkan semangat gotong royong dalam mewujudkan indonesia merdeka, hal ini nampak dari sikap masyarkat Indonesia dalam menyikapi jabatan pemerintahan yang dipimpin oleh Presiden Jokowi, oleh karena ketidak sesuaian dengan kehendaknya saat dalam proses pemilu 2014, dan hingga saat ini masih dibawa kedalam masa pemerintahan Jokowi, menimbulkan tindakan saling menjatuhkan antara kubu Jokowi dengan kubu lainya dalam kehidupa masyarakat Indonesia, bila semangat gotong royong sudah diimplementasikan oleh masyarakat Indonesia seharusnya masyarakat Indonesia tidak lagi sinis terhadap kubu mana yang menang dan akan memerintah, melainkan bersatu kembali untuk memberikan dorongan bagi presiden yang akan memimpin Indonesia, dan membawa Indonesia menuju lebih baik.
PEMBUATAN KAIN TENUN 3 (TIGA) DIMENSI
Authors: Moeliono Moekarto
Published: November 2018

Pembuatan mesin tenun 3–D (tiga dimensi) dan kain tenunnya telah dilakukan secara terpadu. Mesin yangdibuat mengacu pada sistem ATBM (Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin), dan bahan baku untuk penelitian ini menggunakanserat nilon multifilamen. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian Balai Besar Tekstil ini, yaitu untuk membuat mesin tenunyang mampu menghasilkan kain tenun 3 – D dan hasil kain tersebut selanjutnya langsung dijadikan bahankomposit. Kontruksi mesin tenun dibuat dengan merancang alat mesin baru, dan menggunakan 3 (tiga) modelbenang untuk 3 arah, yaitu X, Y, dan Z. Benang Z sebagai pengikat lapisan benang X dan benang Y, pengikatan iniselain mengikatkan juga menyatukan kekuatan ke arah tebal kain dan memperbaiki kelemahan yang ada pada kaintenun biasa (2-D). Pengaturan jumlah serat per satuan luas penampang (volume fraction) dapat dilakukan denganmengubah jumlah benang pada arah tertentu dengan mengubah jenis anyaman benang Z, sedangkan untukmengubah jenis desain anyaman dapat dilakukan dengan sistem dobby atau jacquard. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan, bahwa prototip baru ATBM 3–D yang telah dibuat dengan sistem ini mampu membuat kain tenun 3-D yang hasil kainnya dapat dijadikan bahan komposit sesudah mengalami proses peresinan. Namun demikiankekuatan bending forces yang diperoleh hanya mencapai 45 %.
PEMBUATAN KOMPOSIT CARBON NANOTUBE-POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (CNT-PVA) SERTA EVALUASI SIFAT MEKANIKNYA
Authors: Wahyudi Tatang , Setyaningsih Metri , Subagio Agus , Widiyandari Hendri , Pardoyo Pardoyo , Ahyani Musni
Published: November 2018

Perkembangan teknologi nanomaterial mendukung teknologi komposit. Komposit yang menggunakannanomaterial menghasilkan sifat mekanik yang lebih baik daripada komposit biasa. Komposit carbon nanotubes(CNT) berpotensi memiliki kekuatan tarik yang tinggi oleh adanya struktur tabung nanonya yang baik sebagaimatrik. Komposit CNT-PVA telah dibuat dengan metode pelarutan. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dilarutkan dalam airbertemperatur 80°C, selanjutnya material CNT ditambahkan ke dalam larutan tersebut dengan variasi fraksi massaCNT terhadap PVA sebesar 10%, 20% dan 30%. Komposit CNT-PVA terbentuk setelah dikeringkan padatemperatur 80°C. Selanjutnya sifat mekanik komposit dikarakterisasi dengan uji kekuatan tarik. Hasil ujimenunjukkan bahwa komposit CNT-PVA dengan fraksi massa 20% CNT terhadap PVA menghasilkan modulusYoung yang paling besar yaitu 137,71MPa. Ketebalan komposit 0,94 mm yang dibangun oleh tiga lapis tipiskomposit CNT-PVA menghasilkan peningkatan modulus Young hingga 107,30%.
PENCEMARAN EMISI BOILER MENGGUNAKAN BATUBARA PADA INDUSTRI TEKSTIL SERTA KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP GAS RUMAH KACA (GRK)
Authors: Setiawan Yusup , Surahman Aep , Kailani Zubaidi
Published: November 2018

Penelitian tingkat pencemaran emisi boiler berbahan bakar batubara telah dilakukan pada industri tekstil dikabupaten Bandung sebanyak 14 industri dan di wilayah Cimahi sebanyak 10 industri. Parameter yang diujimeliputi partikulat, SO2, NOx, opasitas, dan CO2. Parameter partikulat diukur menggunakan metoda gravimetri,parameter NOx diukur menggunakan metoda chemiluminescence, dan parameter SO2 diukur menggunakan metodanon-dispersive infra red (NDIR). Hasil menunjukkan di wilayah Kabupaten Bandung masih terdapat 4 perusahaantidak memenuhi persyaratan kadar partikulatnya, tetapi nilai rata-ratanya sudah memenuhi persyaratan yaitu sebesar148 mg/m3. Di wilayah Cimahi masih terdapat 3 perusahaan tidak memenuhi persyaratan kadar partikulatnya, dannilai rata-ratanya sebesar 311 mg/m3 masih diatas persyaratan. Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung ada 5 perusahaan yangemisi sulfur dioksida masih tinggi, dengan rata-rata emisi sulfur dioksida sebesar 763 mg/m3 yang berarti belummemenuhi persyaratan. Wilayah Cimahi ada 4 perusahaan yang kadar sulfur dioksida masih tinggi, tetapiperhitungan rata-rata sebesar 602 mg/m3 sudah memenuhi persyaratan. Kualitas emisi udara dengan parameterNO2 dan opasitasnya pada wilayah Kabupaten Bandung dan wilayah Cimahi sudah baik. Emisi gas CO2 yangdikeluarkan oleh industri tekstil di wilayah Kabupaten Bandung adalah 0,05 – 0,22 kg/m3 , dan di wilayah Cimahiadalah 0,07 – 0,31 kg/m3. Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung dan wilayah Cimahi mengkontribusi emisi gas rumah kaca(GRK) masing-masing sebesar 3,5 juta ton CO2-eq./tahun dan 1,3 juta ton CO2-eq./tahun.
PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV
Authors: Komalasari Maya , Sunendar Bambang
Published: November 2018

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan  dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1,  yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI SERAT HOLLOW DARI SELULOSA BAKTERIAL DENGAN NANOPARTIKEL ZnO UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH TEKSTIL
Authors: Yulina Rizka , Gustiani Srie , Septiani Wulan
Published: November 2018

Selulosa bakterial mempunyai sifat mekanik yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai membran pada proses pengolahan air limbah tekstil. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan dan karakterisasi serat hollow dari bahan baku selulosa bakterial nata de coco dengan penambahan nanopartikel ZnO sebagai fotokatalis terimmobilisasi. Selulosa bakterial disintesis menggunakan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum di dalam medium air kelapa dan gula. Selulosa bakterial dilarutkan bersama dengan nanopartikel ZnO menggunakan pelarut cuprietilen diamina (Cuen) dengan variasi selulosa bakterial 2,25% dan 2,50%. Serat berbentuk hollow dihasilkan dari proses wet spinning menggunakan koagulan NaOH. Serat hollow yang telah melalui koagulan kemudian direndam dalam larutan asam, gliserol, dan alkohol, dengan variasi waktu perendaman asam selama 1 dan 2 hari. Uji kekuatan tarik menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik yakni sebesar 815,72 gf pada konsentrasi selulosa bakterial 2,50% dan perendaman asam selama 2 hari. Dari hasil uji gugus fungsi menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), terdapat beberapa gugus fungsi yang menunjukkan keberadaan selulosa dan nanopartikel ZnO. Proses dekolorisasi fotokatalitik terhadap air limbah tekstil artifisial yang mengandung zat warna reaktif Remazol Black 5 (RB5) menunjukkan bahwa pH optimum proses penyisihan warna yakni pada pH 9 dan dihasilkan persen penyisihan warna yang tertinggi yaitu 90,32%. Pada kondisi yang sama, proses dekolorisasi RB5 menggunakan serat hollow tanpa nanopatikel ZnO hanya menghasilkan persen penyisihan warna sebesar 32,10%. Berdasarkan laju penyisihan zat warna, aktivitas degradasi fotokatalitik terbesar (k’ = 0,2615) diperoleh pada konsentrasi ZnO 10% dan konsentrasi zat warna RB5 10 ppm.
La forma de la forma y su influencia en los procesos de proyectación
Authors: Luna Maldonado Carlos Manuel , Forero Salazar Sandra
Published: November 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a fortalecer la cultura material a través del estudio de la configuración formal de objetos desarrollados por pequeños productores. El abordaje metodológico es cualitativo exploratorio con triangulación de los datos obtenidos desde la revisión bibliográfica, las discusiones con pares diseñadores y de otras profesiones, y la contrastación en el ejercicio de aula. Como resultados preliminares, se expone un constructo teórico de coherencia formal que diferencia de manera clara la forma como esencia y la forma como apariencia, lo cual, mediante un proceso de configuración, conlleva a encontrar el uso adecuado que se le da a los artefactos.
Diálogos en la enseñanza de archivología en Brasil: la percepción docente sobre la relación entre la archivología y la historia en la formación universitaria de las carreras de archivología del estado de Río Grande do Sul
Authors: Chaves Ferreira Rafael , Vieira Ramos Konrad Glaucia
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo aborda el tema de la enseñanza de la archivología en Brasil, en el estado del Rio Grande do Sul, con especial enfoque en la relación entre la archivología y la historia en la formación universitaria en esta disciplina. En primer término se presenta un panorama de la enseñanza de archivología en Brasil y de la realidad actual de las carreras que la imparten en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. A continuación se abunda la relación entre la archivología y la historia en la formación universitaria de estas carreras. Se argumenta que es esencial que haya estudios dirigidos a la traducción de realidades interdisciplinares que la archivología establece con otras ciencias, aún más en el ámbito de la formación universitaria.
PEMBUATAN DODOL SUSU
Authors: Nuroso Agus
Published: November 2018

Susu dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk olahan, diantaranya dodol susu. Dodol susu adalah salah satu produk olahan susu dengan penambahan gula, tepung ketan, tepung tapioca, dan santan melalui proses pemanasan pada susu segar atau yang kurang segar. Jadi dodol susu merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi berlimpahnya produksi susu disuatu daerah. Proses pengolahannyapun tidak sulit dan prospek pemasarannya cukup menjanjikan, mengingat dodol disukai anak-anak maupun orang dewasa.Dodol merupakan campuran dari susu dengan tepung beras ketan, santan kelapa dan gula sehingga dihasilkan produk makanan yang kenyal dengan rasa manis denga aroma susu. Pembuatan dodol susu bertujuan untuk penganekaragaman pangan, meningkatkan nilai ekonomis, memperpanjang masa simpan, serta mempertahankan dan memperbaiki mutu gizi susu.Dodol termasuk salah satu bahan pangan, maka keamanan dan keawetan harus terjamin, dimana dodol tidak beracun, tidak mengandung bakteri dan logam yang berbahaya, serta tidak mengandung jamur.
Segregation Academies Then and School Choice Configurations Today in Deep South States
Authors: Grady Marilyn , Hoffman Sharon
Published: November 2018

In the following article, we present a brief historical review of segregation academies and their impact on students and public schools. Based on the review, we provide a portrait of the vestiges of segregation academies that appear to be currently re-emerging in different educational configurations throughout the U.S. and particularly in Deep South states. The purpose of a historical study is to provide a descriptive overview of specific social problems confined within a predetermined timeframe (Danto, 2008). This historical review’s purpose was to address the following inquiry: What were the characteristics of Deep South segregation academies designed to circumvent Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka? In what ways are these characteristics manifested in 2015 school choice configurations in the Deep South states, specifically Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina? To what extent, if any, did these manifested characteristics affect 2015 public school funding in Deep South states?
Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Diseases and Novel Antioxidant Therapeutics
Authors: Binh Vong Long , Thuy Trinh Nhu , Nghiep Ngo Dai
Published: November 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress has been reported with strongly involving to pathogenesis of many diseases in human. On the other hand, ROS play a critical regulation as secondary signal to maintain intracellular redox equilibrium. Basically, the antioxidant defense systems in the body counteract with overproduced ROS. However, when the redox balance is broken under severe oxidative stress conditions, it leads to tissue injuries and numerous disorders. In this review, we briefl introduce the systems of ROS and antioxidants systems in the body and discuss the opposite roles of ROS in normal physiological conditions and diseases. For ROS-related diseases, conventional and currently developed antioxidant therapies are also described in this review.
Process Information Modelling (PIM) Concept for On-site Construction Management: Hong Kong Case
Authors: Pan Wen , Ilhan Bahriye , Bock Thomas
Published: November 2018

When compared to the manufacturing industry, the advances of intelligent and seamless project management approaches lag behind in the construction industry. This is due to the complexity of the construction projects as well as various stakeholders who acquire specific interest of the project. For instance, public building construction has many sub-tasks and numerous systematised working processes such as planning, mobilisation, scheduling, procurement and controlling. The management of the processes of each phase of the project life cycle is of great importance in order to prevent project delay and cost overrun. A particular importance is required if construction robotics is involved since precise process and scheduling information as well as feedback are critical to ensure each task is completed accordingly. This paper proposes a holistic system approach, which focuses on the process-oriented management for on-site construction. To succeed, the Process Information Modelling (PIM) concept is introduced. The main goal of PIM is to integrate Building Information Modelling (BIM) for extensible solutions with a process-based database platform, which allows for smooth data transfer and supports continuous data sharing among all stakeholders. The overall aim is to develop a collaborative way of planning, designing, producing, assembling and managing the entire project life cycle strategy. Digital documentation, simulation and real-time data are produced progressively to facilitate decision-making. A case study applying the PIM concept for the façade painting task by a painting robot for an on-going consultancy project commissioned by the construction industry council (CIC) in Hong Kong is presented. This paper is the revised version of the paper that has been published in the proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2018 (Pan et al., 2018).
Mapping Practices and Technologies of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahashin M , Roy R
Published: November 2018

Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an integrative approach of increasing productivity, enhancing resilience, and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. The study addresses four research questions: (I) How many agro-region based climate change hot spots are there in Bangladesh with specific reference to CSA, (II) what are the contribution of practices and technologies of CSA? (III) How institutional involvement promoting CSA practices and technologies? A mixed method, i.e. literature review, discussion with experts, gathering information from the DAE, was employed to carry out the study. Results indicate that farmers have been practicing CSA at a smaller-scale and investment on knowledge, learning and capacity development is a key means for a full-scale CSA implementation. Findings illustrate that broad types of practices and technologies have been addressing three intertwined challenges: ensuring food security, impacts of climate change on agriculture and agriculture’s impact on climate change. The government’s project-based endeavor of implementing CSA marks that they have been pledged to defeat the climatic risks in agriculture. Active initiative for mainstreaming CSA into national policies and programs are inadequate.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 29-37 2017
Indoor Environment Health and Safety Status in Industrial Sectors of Bangladesh: a Case Study on Industries under Kumudini Welfare Trust
Authors: Hoque MMM , Banik PK
Published: November 2018

This study was conducted to know the indoor environment, health and safety status towards the workers of different industries situated in Narayanganj under Kumudini Welfare Trust (KWT) of Bangladesh. The data were collected during the monthof March-April, 2016. Measurednoise level in different industries under KWT ranged from 71-90.5 dB. During the study, among all of the four industries highest level of noise was measured in Kumudini Jute Bailing and Warehouse Ltd. (90.5 dB) followed by Kumudini Garments Ltd. (78 dB). Indoor temperature in different industries under KWT ranged from 26.5°C-32°C. Highest level of temperature was measured in Kumudini Garments Ltd. (32°C) followed by Kumudini Handicraft Ltd. (30.5°C), Kumudini Pharma Ltd. (29.5°C) and Kumudini Jute Bailing and Warehouse Ltd. (26.5°C). During the observations, highest relative humidity was measured in Kumudini Garments Ltd. (19.5%) followed by Kumudini Pharma Ltd. (5.2%), Kumudini Handicraft Ltd. (2%) and Kumudini Jute Bailing and Warehouse Ltd. (1.2%). In this study, observed level of CO2 in the indoor environment of the study area ranged from - 0.2 to 0.45 %. All of the measured CO2 level is greater than standard concentration of 0.03%, except Kumudni Jute Bailing and Ware House. Based on our present clarifications there was no oxygen deficiency in the door environment of the industries under KWT.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 65-72 2017
Fracture Risk in Spaceflight and Potential Treatment Options
Authors: Swaffield Thomas P. , Neviaser Andrew S. , Lehnhardt Kris
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the effects of microgravity on bone is essential, since humans are now considering long-distance spaceflight missions. It is well known that bone mineral density (BMD) decreases during long-duration spaceflight. While the risk of fracture in a microgravity
environment is believed to be low, the potential risk for fracture increases upon re-entering a gravity environment. The objective of this study was to determine skeletal regions of high-risk for fracture after long-duration spaceflight and identify management protocols for those fractures.METHODS:
A literature search was conducted on current fracture risk predictive models and suggestions for treatment.RESULTS: Exercise with the Advanced Resistance Exercise Device (ARED), T2 treadmill, and cycle ergometer with vibration isolation and stabilization (CEVIS) on the International
Space Station (ISS) is part of a fundamental long-duration spaceflight strategy to mitigate BMD loss. Additionally, studies have shown that bisphosphonates have an additive effect for preventing bone loss. However, if a fracture were to occur, treatments that improve bone healing in space
(in addition to standard management modalities such as splinting) include the use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, electromagnetic field therapy, and intermittent subcutaneous injections of parathyroid hormone. In the event of a complicated fracture, surgical intervention with a universal
external fixation device could be a viable option for management.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the best strategy for mitigating musculoskeletal injuries for deep-space missions will be a combination of BMD loss reduction coupled with improvements in management protocols for potential
fractures.Swaffield TP, Neviaser AS, Lehnhardt K. Fracture risk in spaceflight and potential treatment options. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(12):1060–1067.
The Qur'an of Johann Zechendorff: Features and Sources of the Arabic Text of Sūrat al-Kahf (Q. 18)
Authors: Tottoli Roberto
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on features and peculiarities of the Arabic text of Sūrat al-Kahf in Zechendorff's newly discovered Qur'an manuscript. Zechendorff's work is the result of his efforts to produce a faithful copy of a Muslim Qur'an manuscript, including the text and all the signs such as vocalisation and aids for recitation. On the whole, the sample analysed shows that he carried his work out with care, although some problems with the Qur'an's orthography led to some oversights and mistakes. Some of these are typical lapses in writing but a number of them can also be attributed to limits in knowledge. This is also evident in the case of the aids for recitation added above the line and of the verse divisions, the rules of which were a constant problem for European scholars who had no relevant literature at their disposal. Notwithstanding, Zechendorff's Arabic Qur'an is a significant scholarly achievement the defects of which are mainly due to the lack of sources.
Interdecadal Variations in the Walker Circulation and Its Connection to Inhomogeneous Air Temperature Changes from 1961–2012
Authors: Hou Xiaoya , Cheng Jianbo , Hu Shujuan , Feng Guolin
Published: November 2018

The tropical Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) is fundamentally important to global atmospheric circulation, and changes in it have a vital influence on the weather and climate systems. A novel three-pattern decomposition of a global atmospheric circulation (3P-DGAC) method, which can be used to investigate atmospheric circulations including the PWC, was proposed in our previous study. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the capability of this 3P-DGAC method to acquire interdecadal variations in the PWC and its connection to inhomogeneous air temperature changes in the period from 1961–2012. Our findings reveal that interdecadal variations in the PWC, i.e., weakening (strengthening) between the periods 1961–1974 and 1979–1997 (1979–1997 and 1999–2012), can be observed using the zonal stream function (ZSF) derived from the 3P-DGAC method. Enhancement of the PWC is also associated with the strengthening and weakening of zonal circulations in the tropical Indian Ocean (IOC) and Atlantic (AOC), respectively, and vice versa, implying a connection between these zonal overturning circulations in the tropics. The interdecadal variations in the zonal circulations correspond well to inhomogeneous air temperature changes, i.e., an enhancement of the PWC is associated with a warming (cooling) of the air temperature from 1000 to 300 hPa in the western (mid–eastern) Pacific Ocean and a cooling (warming) of the air temperature in the tropopause in the western (mid–eastern) Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, a novel index for the PWC intensity based on air temperature is defined, and the capability of the novel index in representing the PWC intensity is evaluated. This novel index is potentially important for the prediction of the PWC by using dynamic equations derived from the 3P-DGAC method.
The Emerging Role of TYRO3 as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Authors: Smart Sherri K. , Vasileiadi Eleana , Wang Xiaodong , DeRyckere Deborah , Graham Douglas K.
Published: November 2018

The TAM family (TYRO3, AXL, MERTK) tyrosine kinases play roles in diverse biological processes including immune regulation, clearance of apoptotic cells, platelet aggregation, and cell proliferation, survival, and migration. While AXL and MERTK have been extensively studied, less is known about TYRO3. Recent studies revealed roles for TYRO3 in cancer and suggest TYRO3 as a therapeutic target in this context. TYRO3 is overexpressed in many types of cancer and functions to promote tumor cell survival and/or proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. In addition, higher levels of TYRO3 expression have been associated with decreased overall survival in patients with colorectal, hepatocellular, and breast cancers. Here we review the physiological roles for TYRO3 and its expression and functions in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, with emphasis on the signaling pathways that are regulated downstream of TYRO3 and emerging roles for TYRO3 in the immune system. Translational agents that target TYRO3 are also described.
Application of Transglutaminase Crosslinked Whey Protein–Pectin Coating Improves Egg Quality and Minimizes the Breakage and Porosity of Eggshells
Authors: Dávalos-Saucedo Cristian Aarón , Rossi-Márquez Giovanna , Regalado-González Carlos , Alonzo-Macías Maritza , Di Pierro Prospero
Published: November 2018

It is well known that an effective way to improve the quality attributes of food is the use of coatings. Moreover, there is evidence of the use of dairy byproducts to design coatings to improve the shelf life of food products. This study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of a film forming solution containing whey protein–pectin complex enzymatically reticulated by transglutaminase (TGase) applied as a coating on eggshells to preserve the internal quality of eggs stored under environmental conditions (25 ± 1 °C and 35% HR) during 15 days storage. Eggs properties tested included yolk index, albumen and yolk pH, albumen CO2 content, water loss, shell strength, and microbial permeability through the shell. The results showed that the coating maintained a higher yolk index and albumen carbon dioxide content, reduced the weight loss and increased both albumen and yolk pH values with respect to the uncoated eggs. All coated eggshells showed greater strength than those of uncoated eggs. Moreover, by using Blue Lake dye penetration method we demonstrated that the coating reduced the Blue Lake dye penetration confirming the effectiveness of the coating on the reduction of post-wash bacterial penetration. These results suggest that the studied coating can be useful to preserve internal egg quality but also to reduce the breakage of eggshell and egg microbial contamination. Based on this result we can conclude that the coating made with whey protein–pectin crosslinked by TGase could be an effective strategy to increase the shelf life of eggs preserved in environmental conditions and to reduce economic losses due to the eggs breakage during their marketing.
UV-Curable Hydrophobic Coatings of Functionalized Carbon Microspheres with Good Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Wen Jiajia , Feng Chengchen , Li Huijie , Liu Xinghai , Ding Fuyuan , Li Houbin , Huang Chi
Published: November 2018

Polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) are a kind of UV curable prepolymer with excellent comprehensive performance. However, PUAs are highly hydrophilic and when applied outdoors, presenting serious problems caused by rain such as discoloring, losing luster and blistering. Thus, it’s important to improve their hydrophobicity and resistance against corrosion. In this paper, carbon microspheres (CMSs) were modified through chemical grafting method. Active double bonds were introduced onto the surface of organic carbon microspheres (OCMSs) and the functional product was referred to as FCMS. The results of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that organic chain segments were successfully connected to the surface of OCMSs and the grafting efficiency was as high as 16%. FCMSs were successfully added into UV-curable polyurethane acrylate prepolymer to achieve a hydrophobic coating layer with good mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance. When the addition of FCMSs were 1%, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that 5% of the initial mass was lost at 297 °C. The water absorption decreased from 52% to 38% and the water contact angle of the PUA composite increased from 72° to 106°. The pencil hardness increased to 4H and obvious crack termination phenomenon was observed in SEM images. Moreover, the corrosion rate was decreased from 0.124 to 0.076 mm/a.
High Impedance Fault Detection in Medium Voltage Distribution Network Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Veerasamy Veerapandiyan , Abdul Wahab Noor Izzri , Ramachandran Rajeswari , Mansoor Muhammad , Thirumeni Mariammal , Lutfi Othman Mohammad
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a method to detect and classify the high impedance fault that occur in the medium voltage (MV) distribution network using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The network is designed using MATLAB software R2014b and various faults such as high impedance, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault have been applied to study the effectiveness of the proposed ANFIS classifier method. This is achieved by training the ANFIS classifier using the features (standard deviation values) extracted from the three-phase fault current signal by DWT technique for various cases of fault with different values of fault resistance in the system. The success and discrimination rate obtained for identifying and classifying the high impedance fault from the proffered method is 100% whereas the values are 66.7% and 85% respectively for conventional fuzzy based approach. The results indicate that the proposed method is more efficient to identify and discriminate the high impedance fault from other faults in the power system.
Carbon Mitigation Pathway Evaluation and Environmental Benefit Analysis of Mitigation Technologies in China’s Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Authors: Yang Xi , Xi Xiaoqian , Guo Shan , Lin Wanqi , Feng Xiangzhao
Published: November 2018

The co-benefits of mitigation technology in China’s petrochemical and chemical industry have not been evaluated, although they are deemed valuable for the cost-benefit analysis of carbon mitigation. On this basis, this study evaluates the carbon mitigation effects and environmental co-benefits of mitigation technologies that have been long ignored in China’s petrochemical and chemical industry. In addition, this study also fills the gap of provincial research in chemical industry. A bottom-up energy model and marginal abatement cost curves are constructed for each sector. The study is based on national and provincial levels to provide quantitative reference for the mitigation technologies. Results show that, among 18 technologies in the chemical industry, waste heat utilization and technological process transformation technologies have the highest marginal abatement benefits. Technologies in the petrochemical industry with the largest marginal abatement social benefit typically exists in three categories: efficiency improvement technology, waste heat utilization technology, and coating technology. At the national level, 8039 and 5105 premature deaths are effectively avoided by the promotion of chemical and petrochemical mitigation technologies, respectively. Monetary value of health impact in these two industries are 7.0 billion and 5.5 billion RMB, respectively. At the provincial level, coal gasification multi-generation gas turbine power generation technology, a technological process transformation technology, performs well in Shaanxi province with 122 million RMB of total social benefit.
FLISR Approach for Smart Distribution Networks Using E-Terra Software—A Case Study
Authors: Le Duy Phuc , Bui Duong Minh , Ngo Cao Cuong , Le Anh My Thi
Published: November 2018

A smart grid concept has been defined in recent years, which emphasizes the importance on smart protection and measurement devices, reliable data communication and high security, optimal energy management system, and fault detection, location, isolation and service restoration (FLISR) of distribution networks (DNs). The main objectives of the FLISR approach are to achieve fast fault processing time, reduce the minimum number of interrupted customers, and improve the power supply reliability of the distribution. The conventional FLISR approach is to use signals of fault indicators (FIs) with distribution network states. The discrete installation of FIs to switches or reclosers may slow the processing time of fault detection and location, so it is necessary to develop a more efficient FLISR approach for smart distribution networks using functions of feeder terminal units (FTUs). In this paper, pick-up and tripping signals of overcurrent (OC) relays in combination with distribution grid states (e.g., switching status of devices, loss of voltage…) sent from feeder terminal units (FTUs) are used to detect and locate different fault types. Fault isolation and service restoration of black-out areas are then performed by solving an objective function with two main constraints, including (i) restoring the possible maximum number of out-of-service loads; and (ii) limiting the minimum number of switching operation. Thirteen performance factors (PF) are used for the post-fault service restoration process, consisting of: (i) Power Flow Violations (PFV), (ii) Bus Voltage Violations (BVV), (iii) Total Operation Cost (TOC), (iv) Lost Power (LP), (v) Outage Customer (OC), (vi) Number of Switching Steps (NSS), (vii) Power Losses (LOSS); (viii) Customer Minutes Interruption (CMI), (ix) Load Minutes Interruption (LMI), (x) MAIFI, (xi) SAIFI, (xii) SAIDI, and (xiii) Protection Validation (PRV). E-Terra platform of a distribution management system (DMS) is used to implement the proposed FLISR approach. Simulation and experiment results from a real 22 kV distribution network are also analysed to validate this FLISR approach. As a result, the novel FLISR approach has the ability to identify effectively the over-reaching of OC relays, indicate a mis-coordination risk of adjacent protection devices on the same feeder, and get the total processing time of fault detection, location and isolation as well as ranking all possible service restoration plans in distribution network at less than two minutes.
Evaluating Two Optical Methods of Woody-to-Total Area Ratio with Destructive Measurements at Five Larix gmelinii Rupr. Forest Plots in China
Authors: Zou Jie , Leng Peng , Hou Wei , Zhong Peihong , Chen Ling , Mai Chunna , Qian Yonggang , Zuo Yong
Published: November 2018

Accurate in situ leaf area index (LAI) estimates of forest plots are required to validate currently-used LAI map products. Woody-to-total area ratio ( α ) is a crucial parameter in converting the plant area index estimates of forest plots obtained by optical methods into LAI. Although optical methods for estimating the α of forest canopy have been proposed, their performance has never been assessed. In this study, five Larix gmelinii Rupr. forest plots with contrasting plot characteristics (i.e., tree age, tree height, management activities, stand density, and site conditions) were selected. The performance of two commonly used optical methods, namely, multispectral canopy imager (MCI) and digital hemispherical photography (DHP), in estimating the α of L. gmelinii forest plots was evaluated by using the reference α of the selected forest plots. The reference α of forest plots was measured via destructive method by harvesting two or three representative trees in each plot. Large variations were observed amongst the reference α of the selected forest plots (ranging from 0% to 56%). These α were also highly correlated with the site conditions and management activities in these plots. The effective α ( α e ) or α estimated using the leaf-on and leaf-off periods MCI or DHP images with or without consideration of the clumping effects of canopy element and woody components were 1.57 to 4.63 times the reference α in the five plots. The overestimation of α or α e was mainly caused by the preferential shading of woody components by the shoots in the leaf-on canopy. Accurate α estimates for the L. gmelinii forest plots with errors of less than 20% can be obtained from MCI when the clumping effects of canopy element and woody components are considered in the estimation.
Seaweed Bioethanol Production: A Process Selection Review on Hydrolysis and Fermentation
Authors: Offei Felix , Mensah Moses , Thygesen Anders , Kemausuor Francis
Published: November 2018

The rapid depletion and environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels has led to extensive development of biofuels such as bioethanol from seaweeds. The long-term prospect of seaweed bioethanol production however, depends on the selection of processes in the hydrolysis and fermentation stages due to their limiting effect on ethanol yield. This review explored the factors influencing the hydrolysis and fermentation stages of seaweed bioethanol production with emphasis on process efficiency and sustainable application. Seaweed carbohydrate contents which are most critical for ethanol production substrate selection were 52 ± 6%, 55 ± 12% and 57 ± 13% for green, brown and red seaweeds, respectively. Inhibitor formation and polysaccharide selectivity were found to be the major bottlenecks influencing the efficiency of dilute acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. Current enzyme preparations used, were developed for starch-based and lignocellulosic biomass but not seaweeds, which differs in polysaccharide composition and structure. Also, the identification of fermenting organisms capable of converting the heterogeneous monomeric sugars in seaweeds is the major factor limiting ethanol yield during the fermentation stage and not the SHF or SSF pathway selection. This has resulted in variations in bioethanol yields, ranging from 0.04 g/g DM to 0.43 g/g DM.
A Personalized Recommendation Algorithm Based on the User’s Implicit Feedback in E-Commerce
Authors: Wang Bo , Ye Feiyue , Xu Jialu
Published: November 2018

A recommendation system can recommend items of interest to users. However, due to the scarcity of user rating data and the similarity of single ratings, the accuracy of traditional collaborative filtering algorithms (CF) is limited. Compared with user rating data, the user’s behavior log is easier to obtain and contains a large amount of implicit feedback information, such as the purchase behavior, comparison behavior, and sequences of items (item-sequences). In this paper, we proposed a personalized recommendation algorithm based on a user’s implicit feedback (BUIF). BUIF considers not only the user’s purchase behavior but also the user’s comparison behavior and item-sequences. We extracted the purchase behavior, comparison behavior, and item-sequences from the user’s behavior log; calculated the user’s similarity by purchase behavior and comparison behavior; and extended word-embedding to item-embedding to obtain the item’s similarity. Based on the above method, we built a secondary reordering model to generate the recommendation results for users. The results of the experiment on the JData dataset show that our algorithm shows better improvement in regard to recommendation accuracy over other CF algorithms.