bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uber and Traffic Fatalities
Authors: Anderson Michael L. , Davis Lucas W.
Published: October 2023

Previous studies of the effect of ridesharing on traffic fatalities have yielded inconsistent conclusions. We revisit this question using proprietary data from Uber measuring monthly rideshare activity at the Census tract level. We find a consistent negative effect of ridesharing on traffic fatalities, with impacts concentrated during nights and weekends. Our results imply that ridesharing has decreased U.S. traffic fatalities by 5.2% in areas where it operates. The annual life-saving benefits are $6.8 billion. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that these benefits are of similar magnitude to producer surplus captured by Uber shareholders or consumer surplus captured by Uber riders.
Process-oriented Social Research
Authors: Onaka Fumiya
Published: October 2023

Process-oriented social research is a type of social research which theoretically emphasizes the notion of time and/or empirically stresses the significance of process-produced data. Therefore, this type of research has to be especially conscious of time. This special issue introduces several recent studies.
Entrepreneurial Processes of Thai Female Returning Migrants
Authors: Auraiampai Nattawat , Ayuwat Dusadee , Jampaklay Aree , Onaka Fumiya
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the entrepreneurial processes of Thai female returning migrants. A phenomenological qualitative research method was employed at the individual, household, and community levels. The results revealed that most female returning migrant workers were married, aged between 26–45 years, and majority of them had graduated from high school. They migrated to South Korea, Taiwan, and Israel, both legally and illegally. They worked in the industrial, agricultural, and service sectors. When female migrants returned to their origins, they worked as agriculture or livestock entrepreneurs, and business operators. There are three steps to becoming an entrepreneur: 1) Opportunity Recognition; 2) Opportunity Exploitation; and 3) Value Creation.
Biology and integrative taxonomy of leaf folder, Helcystogramma hibisci (Stainton, 1859): a pest of musk mallow, Abelmoschus moschatus (L.) Medik.
Authors: K. Swapnarani , Pal Suprakash , K.T. Shivakumara
Published: October 2023

The leaf folder, Helcystogramma hibisci (Stainton, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an oligophagous pest of different malvaceous plants. In this study, attempts have been made to study the biology and taxonomy of the insect infesting musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus), an aromatic cum medicinal plant in India, following an integrative approach based on external morphology, internal genitalia structures, and molecular taxonomy. In the initial stage, the larva scrapes the tender surface of the leaves, and later, grown-up larvae web the leaves by folding them longitudinally. The entire inner content of the leaves is eaten by the larvae and ultimately the leaves get dry. The identity of the pest species is confirmed through dissecting of the male and female genitalia of the pest species and molecular confirmation (GenBank accession number ON545806). By studying the biology of the insect, the egg incubation period, larval period, and pupal period were determined to be 4.70 ± 0.64, 13.66 ± 0.86, and 6.46 ± 0.61 (male), and 7.60 ± 0.71 days (female), respectively. The average fecundity and adult longevity of males and females were 61.20 ± 11.68 eggs/female, 4.93 ± 1.38 days (male), and 8.06 ± 1.56 days (female), respectively. During their fourth instar, male larvae have dark-colored gonads that are easily visible on the dorsal integument of the abdominal segment distinguishing them from female larvae. Further confirmation of the identification was done by keeping the larvae in separate vials until emergence; larvae with this dark-colored character could be confirmed to be males, while other the larvae developed into female moths. The head capsule width of the larval instars was 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.47 ± 0.04, 0.66 ± 0.03, 0.83 ± 0.06, and 1.13 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. The information is useful for proper identification and management of this pest in such a valuable and popular plant as musk mallow in India. To our best knowledge, this is the first description of this pest species from the Indian region along with molecular confirmation.
Return of a Ghost
Authors: von Mallinckrodt Rebekka
Published: October 2023

As there are hardly any regulations on slavery to be found in early modern German positive law, the impression prevails until today that slave status did not exist in the Old Empire. In such cases, however, Roman law was regularly used as a subsidiary legal source. By studying the plethora of early modern commentaries on the Corpus iuris civilis, which adapted ancient law to contemporary needs, a wholly different picture emerges: Not only did slave status exist as a legal concept and was applied in practice, but by selecting, interpreting, and commenting on it, early modern jurists shaped and reshaped its concrete appearance. Controversies and mainstream positions thus become tangible, as do more profound shifts from religious toward racial alterity as criteria for enslaveability.
Oldendorp’s “Amina”
Authors: Kelley Sean M. , Lovejoy Paul E.
Published: October 2023

This article seeks both to model an approach to African and diasporic ethnonyms and to contribute to a long-running debate on the significance of “Mina”/ “Amina,” an ethnonym that was widespread throughout the Americas. In a narrow sense, it argues that the term “Amina,” as used in one key source, C.G.A. Oldendorp’s history of the Moravian missions in the Danish Caribbean, signified the Asante state, specifically, and not the broader pan-Akan identity implied in some sources, nor the narrower “Aquambo” identity that emerges from others. More broadly, it proposes that the proper historical contextualization of ethnonyms is essential to understanding the process of identity formation in the Diaspora.
MacIntyre’s Manager and Congregational Development
Authors: Pagano Joseph S.
Published: October 2023

My home diocese, the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland, has embraced the College for Congregational Development (CCD). In light of the fact that the CCD draws heavily upon organizational development theory and practice, I raise the question of how clergy respond to Alasdair MacIntyre’s critique of “the manager” in After Virtue. Given the unfamiliarity of MacIntyre’s book to many of my colleagues, I offer in this essay an exposition of MacIntyre’s critique of managerial expertise so that my colleagues can respond.
Bullying, Peer Victimization, and Quality of Life in Pediatric Hearing Loss Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rahman Rahiq , Tey Ching Siong , Matthews Saria , Govil Nandini
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The primary objective of this pilot study is to describe the impacts of bullying and peer victimization (BPV) in children with hearing loss.

Study design:

Prospective clinical survey study.

Methods:

This pilot study enrolled children between 8 and 18 years who were administered validated surveys at an outpatient clinic between July 2020 and March 2022. Surveys included health-related quality of life questionnaires (PedsQL and EQ-5D-Y), along with bullying and peer victimization questionnaires (“My Life in School” and the multidimensional peer victimization scale). Responses were scored with multivariate analysis. Clinical histories and active ICD-10 codes were also collected.

Results:

About 105 patients were recruited with a mean age of 13.1 years (SD = 3.15) and hearing loss (n = 30) among the top otolaryngological diagnoses. When surveying patients with hearing loss, 50.0% (n = 15) actively used a hearing aid device. Children (ages 8-12 years) with hearing loss reported a significantly lower psychosocial health-related quality of life than their peers without hearing loss ( P = .007), though this was not the case for adolescents (ages 13-18 years) with hearing loss ( P = .099). These trends did not change significantly before or after students resumed in-person classes. Children who wore hearing aids did not report a different BPV level than their peers.

Conclusion:

In this small sample of school-aged children, any hearing loss, even with mild severity, was associated with diminished health-related quality of life; however, this was unrelated to hearing aid use. Wearing a hearing aid did not appear to be linked to higher bullying and peer victimization rates. Along with further studies on BPV with larger sample sizes, the findings in this study may help physicians counsel parents and children on the psychosocial aspects of hearing loss treatment and guide care decisions.

Level of Evidence:

3
A robot path planning method using improved Harris Hawks optimization algorithm
Authors: Li Changyong , Si Qing , Zhao Jianan , Qin Pengbo
Published: October 2023

The traditional Harris Hawks optimization algorithm is prone to the local shortest path, slow search speed and poor path accuracy in indoor mobile robot path planning. For the above problems, a multi-strategy improvement of the Harris Hawks optimization algorithm (MIHHO) is proposed. In this study, a Chebyshev chaotic mapping strategy is used to increase the diversity of the Harris Hawk population, improve the global search performance of the Harris Hawk algorithm, and prevent being trapped in the locally optimal path. A fusion exploration mechanism is proposed to fuse the discovery mechanism of the sparrow algorithm with the exploration mechanism of the HHO. Then the influence factor E is improved to improve the algorithm’s search accuracy and search efficiency, and finally, in the design of a dynamic Lévy flight strategy, which accelerates the convergence speed of the algorithm and improves the robot planning speed. Simulation results show that the proposed MIHHO method exhibits better search performance in path planning, improved planning efficiency, and superior quality of planned paths.
Who Are You—Right Now? Cultural Orientations and Language Used as Antecedents of Situational Cultural Identification
Authors: Doucerain Marina M. , Medvetskaya Anna , Moldoveanu Diana , Ryder Andrew G.
Published: October 2023

A defining feature of biculturalism is the experience of switching back and forth between different cultural ways of being and acting in the world. This work investigates antecedents of this switching process using a cultural adaptation of the Day Reconstruction Method, in which participants divide the previous day into episodes and then rate these episodes on various criteria. We hypothesized that episode characteristics (specifically, language used) and stable personal dispositions (specifically, mainstream and heritage cultural orientations) would independently and interactively predict migrants’ cultural identification during an episode. We examined three types of identification among Russian-speaking migrants to Canada ( N = 109): mainstream (“Canadian”); heritage (“Russian”); and mainstream–heritage hybrid (“Russian-Canadian”). Results of multilevel regression analyses supported our hypotheses overall. A more positive orientation to a given cultural group and the use of that group’s language(s) were associated with stronger identification with that group during an episode. Language Use × Cultural Orientation interactions were evident for heritage and hybrid situational identification. The positive association between heritage orientation and situational heritage identification was stronger during episodes when the heritage language was not used than when it was used. A positive heritage orientation was associated with greater situational hybrid identification only during episodes when a mainstream language was used. The results are consistent with the perspective that acculturation is a multifaceted, contextual, and dynamic process whereby people acquire and flexibly use multiple cultural repertoires to meet both their general goals and the cultural demands of specific situations.
Influencer Mix Strategies in Livestream Commerce: Impact on Product Sales
Authors: Gu Xian , Zhang Xiaoxi , Kannan P.K.
Published: October 2023

A new trend in influencer marketing is livestream commerce, which combines influencers’ live video streaming with e-commerce. Little is known, though, about how firms should develop their influencer strategies to maximize product sales. Given a budget constraint, marketers may choose to employ a single, “big” influencer with a large number of followers or several small influencers. They may also employ a combination of both big and small influencers when their budget is adequate. Analyzing data from 1.3 million livestreams on TikTok, the authors find a negative interaction effect between big and small influencers when employed together due to decreased trust in big influencers and substitution effects. Further analysis reveals that livestream sales generated by a big influencer are adversely affected by small influencers who promoted the same product previously, but not the other way around. In addition, big influencers can reach a much larger audience, whereas small influencers are more effective at increasing the audience's conversion rates. Big and small influencers are also different in terms of how product and campaign characteristics moderate their sales effectiveness. Finally, the scenario analysis explores how the profitability of influencer strategies hinges on the influencer mix and their costs. This research is one of the first to investigate the sales effectiveness of influencer marketing and to provide general guidelines for developing influencer mix strategies.
Processing of English Coda Laterals in L2 Listeners: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Wang Yizhou
Published: October 2023

This study explores speech processing of English coda laterals (dark L’s) in second language (L2) listeners whose native language does not permit laterals at syllable coda positions. We tested L2 listeners’ (native Mandarin) perception of coda laterals following three Australian English vowels differing in phonological backness, including /iː/, /ʉː/, and /oː/, which represent a front vowel, and central vowel, and a back vowel, respectively. L2 listeners first completed an AX task which tested their ability to discriminate between /iː/-/iːl/, /ʉː/-/ʉːl/, and /oː/-/oːl/, and then they completed an identification task with eye-tracking which tested their ability to distinguish vowel–lateral sequences and bare vowel categories using explicit phonological–orthographical labels. The results show that vowel backness plays a key role in L2 listeners’ perceptual accuracy of English coda laterals, whereas the eye-tracking and identification data suggest some paradigmatic differences between the two tasks. Mandarin listeners show excellent discrimination and identification of coda laterals following a front vowel and poor performance following a back vowel, whereas the central vowel has led to intermediate patterns.
How should we prepare people for ministry to nomads?
Authors: Hibbert Evelyn , Williamson Lance , Williamson Barbara
Published: October 2023

Ministry to nomads is challenging due to the demands of living in nomadic contexts. New workers for nomads need to be able to persevere and, eventually, thrive in the face of these challenges. This article explores the views of 37 missionaries to nomads concerning how best to prepare new workers. It outlines the major initial challenges new workers face and presents the personal characteristics that may promote success. The particular qualities, skills, and knowledge that experienced workers recommend for novices and how these could be developed are explained. There is a strong emphasis on learning by immersion, with experienced missionaries and local people walking alongside to help new workers. Just as ministry among nomads must be holistic, training for workers to nomads should holistically integrate spiritual, character, relational, skill, and knowledge development.
Minding the Gap in Education Discourse: Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging in Independent and International Schools
Authors: Brittingham Furlonge Nicole , Graves Kenny , Morris Thu-Nga , Odell Sarah
Published: October 2023

This special issue of Teachers College Record—“Minding the Gap in Education Discourse: Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging in Independent and International Schools”—aims to bring attention to independent and international private schools through the lenses of equity, inclusion, and belonging. In this issue, scholars and practitioners address gaps in education and education leadership discourse regarding considerations of equity, inclusion, and belonging. Historically, education discourse regarding equity, inclusion, and belonging has skewed largely toward public and charter education. While, according to the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), just 9% of PK-12 students nationally are enrolled in independent schools, independent schools nationally have much to contribute to the critical conversation concerning equity across the educational ecosystem. When we expand our attention to include international private schools, the numbers and scale shift dramatically. According to ISC Research, international private schools serve 6.74 million students. When the growing engagement of international private schools in the work of equity, inclusion, and belonging is considered, even more questions and possibilities emerge for the examining, understanding, and acting in research-informed ways on behalf of equity, inclusion, and belonging in education writ large. This special issue insists on the importance of considering schools as national and global systems of learning and socialization, and independent and international schools in particular as important players in the ecosystem of education in the United States and globally. The works in this issue tune us to the complex, multileveled ecosystem that we refer to as PK–12 schooling and to the importance of noticing and acting at all levels of that ecosystem to ensure research-informed thinking, decision-making, action, and impact.
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
Authors: Luan Lisa X , Eckernäs Emma , Ashton Michael , Rosas Fernando E , Uthaug Malin V , Bartha Alexander , Jagger Samantha , Gascon-Perai Kiara , Gomes Lauren , Nutt David J , Erritzøe David , Carhart-Harris Robin L , Timmermann Christopher
Published: October 2023

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that induces a rapid and transient altered state of consciousness when inhaled or injected via bolus administration. Its marked and novel subjective effects make DMT a powerful tool for the neuroscientific study of consciousness and preliminary results show its potential role in treating mental health conditions. In a within-subjects, placebo-controlled study, we investigated a novel method of DMT administration involving a bolus injection paired with a constant-rate infusion, with the goal of extending the DMT experience. Pharmacokinetic parameters of DMT estimated from plasma data of a previous study of bolus intravenous DMT were used to derive dose regimens necessary to keep subjects in steady levels of immersion into the DMT experience over an extended period of 30 min, and four dose regimens consisting of a bolus loading dose and a slow-rate infusion were tested in eleven healthy volunteers (seven male, four female, mean age ± SD = 37.09 ± 8.93 years). The present method is effective for extending the DMT experience in a stable and tolerable fashion. While subjective effects were maintained over the period of active infusion, anxiety ratings remained low and heart rate habituated within 15 min, indicating psychological and physiological safety of extended DMT. Plasma DMT concentrations increased consistently starting 10 min into DMT administration, whereas psychological effects plateaued into the desired steady state, suggesting the development of acute psychological tolerance to DMT. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of continuous IV DMT administration, laying the groundwork for the further development of this method of administration for basic and clinical research.
Loss of SARM1 ameliorates secondary thalamic neurodegeneration after cerebral infarction
Authors: Zhou Kun , Tan Yan , Zhang Guofen , Li Jingjing , Xing Shihui , Chen Xinran , Wen Jiali , Li Ge , Fan Yuhua , Zeng Jinsheng , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2023

Ischemic stroke causes secondary neurodegeneration in the thalamus ipsilateral to the infarction site and impedes neurological recovery. Axonal degeneration of thalamocortical fibers and autophagy overactivation are involved in thalamic neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying thalamic neurodegeneration remain unclear. Sterile /Armadillo/Toll-Interleukin receptor homology domain protein (SARM1) can induce Wallerian degeneration. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of SARM1 in thalamic neurodegeneration and autophagy activation after photothrombotic infarction. Neurological deficits measured using modified neurological severity scores and adhesive-removal test were ameliorated in Sarm1−/− mice after photothrombotic infarction. Compared with wild-type mice, Sarm1−/− mice exhibited unaltered infarct volume; however, there were markedly reduced neuronal death and gliosis in the ipsilateral thalamus. In parallel, autophagy activation was attenuated in the thalamus of Sarm1−/− mice after cerebral infarction. Thalamic Sarm1 re-expression in Sarm1−/− mice increased thalamic neurodegeneration and promoted autophagy activation. Auotophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine partially alleviated thalamic damage induced by SARM1. Moreover, autophagic initiation through rapamycin treatment aggravated post-stroke neuronal death and gliosis in Sarm1−/− mice. Taken together, SARM1 contributes to secondary thalamic neurodegeneration after cerebral infarction, at least partly through autophagy inhibition. SARM1 deficiency is a potential therapeutic strategy for secondary thalamic neurodegeneration and functional deficits after stroke.
Cerebral hemodynamics and stroke risks in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with internal versus cortical borderzone infarcts: A computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: Li Shuang , Tian Xuan , Ip Bonaventure , Feng Xueyan , Ip Hing Lung , Abrigo Jill , Lan Linfang , Liu Haipeng , Zheng Lina , Liu Yuying , Liu Yu , Ma Karen KY , Fan Florence SY , Ma Sze Ho , Fang Hui , Xu Yuming , Lau Alexander Y , Leung Howan , Soo Yannie OY , Mok Vincent CT , Wong Ka Sing , Leng Xinyi , Leung Thomas W
Published: October 2023

There may be different mechanisms underlying internal (IBZ) and cortical (CBZ) borderzone infarcts in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. In 84 patients with symptomatic, 50-99% atherosclerotic stenosis of M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA-M1) with acute borderzone infarcts in diffusion-weighted imaging, we classified the infarct patterns as isolated IBZ (n = 37), isolated CBZ (n = 31), and IBZ+CBZ (n = 16) infarcts. CT angiography-based computational fluid dynamics models were constructed to quantify translesional, post-stenotic to pre-stenotic pressure ratio (PR) in the MCA-M1 lesion. Those with IBZ infarcts were more likely to have a low PR (indicating impaired antegrade flow across the lesion) than those without (p = 0.012), and those with CBZ infarcts were more likely to have coexisting small cortical infarcts (indicating possible embolism) than those without (p = 0.004). In those with isolated IBZ or CBZ infarcts, low PR was independently associated with isolated IBZ infarcts (adjusted odds ratio = 4.223; p = 0.026). These two groups may also have different trajectories in the stroke risks under current medical treatment regimen, with a higher risk of same-territory ischemic stroke recurrence within 3 months in patients with isolated IBZ infarcts than isolated CBZ infarcts (17.9% versus 0.0%; log-rank p = 0.023), but similar risks later in 1 year.
Combining C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and serum albumin to predict long-term mortality in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Karaca Banu , Esin Fatma , Tiryaki Muhammet Mücahit , Akkan Gökhun , Kiris Tuncay
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) plus albumin plus procalcitonin for long-term mortality in patients with infective endocarditis.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis between February 2008 and December 2021. CRP, procalcitonin, and albumin levels were measured within 24 h of admission and dichotomized as high or low. A CRP plus procalcitonin plus albumin points system (range, 3–6) was generated based on high or low CRP, procalcitonin, and albumin concentrations. Patients were divided into two groups: low-risk (≤4 points) and high-risk (>4 points), according to total score. The primary outcome was defined as all-cause mortality rate at long-term follow-up.

Results

Out of 204 patients in total, the high-risk group ( n = 29) had higher procalcitonin and CRP levels versus the low-risk group ( n = 175), but lower albumin level versus the low-risk group (2.7 ± 0.5 versus 3.5 ± 0.6 g/dl). Matching based on propensity scores showed a higher mortality rate in high-risk versus low-risk patients (76% versus 44%, respectively). In multivariate analysis after matching, the high-risk group was associated with increased long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.87, 95% confidence interval 1.32, 6.26). Conclusions: A high CRP plus albumin plus procalcitonin score was associated with long-term mortality risk in patients with infective endocarditis.
How scientists become experts—or don’t: Social organization of research and engagement in scientific advice in a toxicology laboratory
Authors: Demortain David
Published: October 2023

Certain fields of research are deeply shaped by their proximity with policy-makers and administrations. The so-called ‘regulatory sciences’ and their corresponding expert communities emerge from this intermediary space between science and policy. Social studies of expertise and scientific experts show, however, that modes of engagement with policy-making vary greatly from one scientist to another. Two scientists that are part of the same research group or laboratory may engage the policy realm differently. How then does the social organization of research influence scientists’ participation in scientific advice and the production of regulatory sciences? The paper looks at toxicology, a field in which knowledge production is centrally motivated by risk assessment, but one that has also seen the emergence of different knowledge-making motives, including advancement of fundamental knowledge and frontier research. A toxicology laboratory may thus harbor a diversity of moral economies of scientific advice. The paper argues that scientists’ engagements with policy, through scientific advice and regulatory risk assessment, create organizational tensions and force changes to the standard, team-based social organization of research work.
Biomechanical Assessment of Bicortical Suspension Device Fixation for Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Instability: Single Versus Double Device
Authors: Wang Shangcheng , Rice Olivia M. , Habet Nahir A. , CarlLee Tyler L. , Duemmler Marc , Wally Meghan , Odum Susan , Moorman Claude T.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Bicortical suspension device (BCSD) fixation treats proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) instability in both the anterolateral and posteromedial directions. However, biomechanical data are lacking as to whether this technique restores the native stability and strength of the joint.

Purpose:

To test (1) if BCSD fixation restores the native stability and strength and (2) if using 2 devices is needed.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Sixteen pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were obtained. Six pairs were assigned to the control group and 10 matched pairs assigned for transection to model PTFJ and subsequent BCSD fixation (one specimen with 1-device repair and the other with 2-device repair). Joint stability and strength were assessed by translating the fibular head relative to the fixed tibia either anterolaterally or posteromedially. Control specimens received 20 cycles of 0- to 2.5-mm joint displacement tests (subfailure) and then proceeded to load to failure (5 mm). For the experimental group, cyclic tests were repeated after ligament resection and after fixation. Forces and stiffness at 2.5- and 5-mm displacement were recorded for comparisons of joint strength and stability at subfailure and failure loads, respectively.

Results:

After repair of anterolateral instability, both the single- and double-device fixations successfully restored near-native states, with no significant differences as compared with the intact group for forces at subfailure load ( P = .410) or failure load ( P = .397). Regarding posteromedial instability, single-device repair did not restore forces to the near-native state at subfailure load (intact: 92.9 N vs single: 37.4 N; P = .001) or failure load (intact: 170.7 N vs single: 70.4 N; P = .024). However, the double-device repair successfully restored near-native posteromedial forces at both subfailure load ( P = .066) and failure load ( P = .723).

Conclusion:

For treatment of the most common form of PTFJ instability (anterolateral), this cadaveric study suggests that 1 BCSD is sufficient to restore stability and strength. The current biomechanical results also suggest that 2 devices are needed for restoring PTFJ posteromedial stability and strength. Using 2 devices addresses both types of instability and provides more PTFJ posteromedial stability.

Clinical Relevance:

The results suggest that 1 device should be used for treating anterolateral instability and 2 devices used for posteromedial instability based on the biomechanical study.
Normothermic ex vivo perfusion of deceased donor kidneys and its clinical potential in kidney transplantation outcomes
Authors: Unes Meghan , Kurashima Kento , Caliskan Yasar , Portz Edward , Jain Ajay , Nazzal Mustafa
Published: October 2023

In recent years, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged in conversation surrounding organ preservation and transplantation techniques with the goal of improving patient and clinical outcomes. This is in great attempt to address the rate of non-utilization and the shortage of available organs in kidney transplantation. This focus in mind, normothermic perfusion presents itself as a potential tool to mimic physiological conditions and improve current preservation methods, such as static cold storage. This review serves to improve understanding of the observed connection between the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion injury and traditional preservation techniques as well as how renal NMP may mitigate these issues. Previous studies suggest that reducing time in static cold storage methods by promoting the normothermic perfusion model results in decreased delayed graft function and post-transplant complications. This review also aims to present the immense clinical potential NMP has on future kidney transplantation success and what this means for the fields of nephrology and transplantation. While great strides have been made to evaluate normothermic perfusion’s impact on kidney graft viability and transplant success, future research into unified protocol, clinically relevant biomarkers, cost-utility analysis, and use with associated therapeutic and imaging modalities is paramount.
Improvement of mechanical and wear properties of epoxy/glass fiber/Titanium Carbide+Titanium diborides hybrid composites by adding clay nanoparticles
Authors: Shahrajabian Hamzeh , Hatami Hasan , Rafiei Mahdi
Published: October 2023

In previous work, despite the positive effect of the titanium carbide + titanium diboride (TiC+TiB2) on the wear, hardness and erosion properties of the epoxy/glass fiber composites, the particles reduced tensile and flexural strength. This research targets to improve the tensile and flexural properties of the epoxy/glass fiber/TiC+TiB2 composites by adding clay nanoparticles in content of 1, 3, and 5 wt%. The effect of nano-clay content on mechanical (tensile, flexural, and hardness) properties and wear behavior of the hybrid composites was investigated. The field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed the morphology, the fracture surface and failure mechanisms of the composites. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of TiC+TiB2 particles and the nanocomposites. Tensile and flexural results showed that introducing clay nanoparticles increases tensile strength and flexural strength by 92% (from 116 to 223 MPa) and 67% (from 194 to 324 MPa), respectively. The nano-clay did not have a significant effect on the tensile and flexural modulus. The hardness increased from 35.1 to 79.4 HRP. Wear properties results revealed that clay nanoparticles improve the wear resistance of the composite samples significantly. The addition of 5 wt% of clay nanoparticles decreased wear rate from 3.7 to 0.4 mg/Nm.
Theorizing Omission: State Strategies for Withholding Official Recognition of Personhood
Authors: Cheong Amanda R.
Published: October 2023

This article theorizes “omission,” which I define as the condition of being left out of administrative apparatuses, such as civil registers, censuses, and identity management systems. According to this theory, omission is not necessarily accidental but can constitute a political strategy. When even excluded statuses can be powerful grounds for claiming rights, resources, or membership, state actors can subvert such claims-making potential by depriving unwanted populations of the practical, material capacity to establish their legal personhood through documents and records. To situate omission, I develop a typology of documentary strategies additionally comprising “recognition,” “claims-making,” and “evasion.” Although my theorizing is informed by ethnographic research with unregistered families in Malaysia, scholars can apply this typology to multiperspectival, relational analyses of other empirical cases of documentary politics. Studying omissions has scholarly and ethical imperatives, not least to record the lives of populations denied, at times with existential consequences, the right to recognition.
Do Household Headship and Gender Affect Diet Quality under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?
Authors: Lee Keehyun , Zhao Shuoli
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Examine whether the association between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and diet quality is different by gender and household headship.

Design

Quantitative, cross-sectional.

Setting

The 2007-2018 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Subjects

6180 individuals aged 20 to 65 with household annual income below 130% of the poverty level.

Measures

The outcome of diet quality was measured using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) based on dietary intake from 24-hour diet recall. The exposures were self-reported participation in SNAP and socio-demographic variables.

Analysis

Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression models.

Results

The study found that female household heads had higher average total HEI scores relative to their male and non-head counterparts (β = 1.81, 95% CI: −.27, 3.88). However, for SNAP participants, female household heads had lower average total HEI scores (β = −3.67, 95% CI: −7.36, .11).

Conclusion

Female household heads are more likely to experience difficulty in maintaining diet quality relative to their counterparts. The study suggests that intra-household effort allocation may play an important role in differentiating and maintaining diet quality.
Rail-wheel friction quantification and its variability under lab and field trial conditions
Authors: White Ben , Lewis Roger , Fletcher David , Harrison Tim , Hubbard Peter , Ward Christopher
Published: October 2023

Friction forces (often referred to as adhesion or traction forces) at the wheel/rail interface can vary dramatically due to changing environmental and contact conditions. The causes of this variance are partially documented, but it is not fully understood. Friction forces affect wheel and rail wear, traction energy usage, vehicle dynamics and safety through braking performance. A range of different portable railhead tribometers are used in the field to measure friction, but until recently have been limited in their performance, being unable to measure low friction situations or have made use of an unrealistic contact geometry. Recent developments have improved this situation but there is currently a lack of published field data which is required for validation, benchmarking and comparison between other studies and test rigs, as well as for input to multi-body dynamics simulations of railway vehicles. Friction studies in general are often undertaken for a specific period of time or under closely controlled conditions which makes it difficult to understand the true range of conditions occurring in the wheel/rail contact. In this paper an extensive dataset of railhead measurements is presented, using two types of measuring devices and three railhead conditions throughout a 4-week test period. Confidence in tribometer results was gained by comparing between established laboratory friction test rigs and methodologies. The results provide an insight into the friction variance and transient conditions that would occur on the railhead during operational use.
e-PainSupport: A Digital Pain Management Application for Home Hospice Care
Authors: Mayahara Masako , Wilbur JoEllen , Fogg Louis , Paice Judith A. , Miller Arlene M.
Published: October 2023

e-PainSupport is a digital pain management application (app) designed to facilitate better pain management in hospice. Early testing revealed caregivers found it was easy to use and successful in communicating patient pain and caregiver administration of analgesics to hospice nurses. However, caregiver knowledge of analgesic management remained low. The purpose of this study was to enhance e-PainSupport by (a) adapting and integrating an evidence-based pain educational intervention; (b) increasing ease of accessing and navigating the app; and (c) facilitating app communication with agency electronic health records (EHRs). An advisory board method, including two key stakeholder groups (an expert panel and a caregiver advisory board), guided the adaptation of an evidence-based pain educational intervention. Further, stakeholders recommended format changes to increase app usability. Study staff worked with four hospice agencies to facilitate app communication with EHRs. While modification to the e-PainSupport app to integrate a pain educational intervention and facilitate usability was successful, EHR integration was challenging. Future evaluation is needed to evaluate the effects of e-PainSupport on pain intensity among home hospice patients.
Socio-Digital Disadvantage Within Management Education: A Study of MBA Students’ Experiences of Digital Technologies
Authors: Timsal Ahmad , Shah Uzair , Hodgson Vivien
Published: October 2023

Assumptions regarding digital technologies in business schools have become part of the hidden curriculum. It is generally assumed that students have the same levels of access and prior exposure to digital technologies as well as information and digital literacies (IDL) skills. Little attention has been given to the issues of social-digital inequalities and the impact of this hidden curriculum on students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In this study, using a phenomenographic approach, we examine how students from rural, socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds in Pakistan, experienced digital technologies in the context of a full-time, in-person MBA program. The findings reveal the students initially had an alienating experience of digital technologies which for most transitions to either an engaged or instrumental experience. While the students exercised agency in transitioning from an alienation experience this was as a result of their own effort, time and labor. We conclude that without additional support offered to students from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds, the hidden curriculum associated with digital technologies potentially perpetuates, or maintains socio-digital inequalities within management education.
Zavegepant Intranasal Spray for Migraines
Authors: Martirosov Amber Lanae , Giuliano Christopher , Shupp Macy , Channey Sarah , Kale-Pradhan Pramodini B.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The objective is to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of intranasal zavegepant in the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Data source:

PubMed, Embase database, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: Zavzpret, Zavegepant, BHV-3500, and migraine.

Study selection and data extraction:

Articles published in English from January 2013 to September 2023 related to pharmacology, safety, efficacy, and clinical trials were assessed.

Data synthesis:

In a phase 2/3 trial, zavegepant 10 and 20 mg were more effective than placebo on primary endpoints of freedom of pain (22.5%, 23.1%, and 15.5%, respectively), and freedom from most bothersome symptoms (MBSs) (41.9%, 47.9%, and 33.7%, respectively) 2 hours after treatment. The incidence of adverse effects for both doses was similar to placebo. In a phase 3 trial, zavegepant 10 mg was compared with placebo. Two hours after treatment, more patients in the zavegepant group achieved pain freedom (24% vs 15%) and relief from MBSs (40% vs 31%) compared with placebo. Common adverse events included dysgeusia (21% zavegepant vs 5% placebo) and nasal discomfort (5% zavegepant vs 1% placebo).

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison with existing drugs:

Zavegepant is indicated for acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. Zavegepant method of administration and prompt relief of migraine symptoms may be an attractive alternative to triptans for those in need of relief.

Conclusion:

Zavegepant may be a convenient and useful acute treatment option for migraines with and without aura.
Business Response Strategies to Climate Change: An Integrative and Research Frontiers Outlook
Authors: Unter Kerrigan Marie Machado , Park Soolim , Rivera Jorge
Published: October 2023

As climate change (CC)-related adversity has become more evident, physical CC impacts and the need to respond to it are now a prominent topic in the political agenda in multiple countries. Accordingly, businesses have begun to adopt strategies to seeking to respond to CC. Recently, strategy and general management scholars have produced a growing number of articles examining the factors that increase the adoption of CC strategies, and, in a few cases, the environmental and financial performance implications of these strategies. Our review indicates that: (a) business research tends to dismiss CC-related adversity, with much of the research on drivers of responses highlighting a clear anthropocentric bias; (b) many papers discuss either adaptation or mitigation without much examination of synergies and tradeoffs between strategies; and (c) we know little about what and how physical climate conditions affect firms and their ability to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage.
Relationships of BRAF V600E Gene Mutation With Some Immunohistochemical Markers and Recurrence Rate in Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Bui Dang Minh Tri , Nghiem Duc Thuan , Phan Nguyen Thanh Van , Dinh Le Tuan , Duc Tong Minh , Hoang Nguyen Trung , Tuan Anh Le , Xuan Nguyen Kien , Tran Viet Tien , Ba Ta Thang , Tien Nguyen Son , Anh Vu Hai , Van Nguyen Ba , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Dung , Tran Quoc Viet , Bui Duc Thanh
Published: October 2023

Background:

The B-type rafkinase (BRAF) V600E gene mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. This study was conducted to investigate the rate of the BRAF V600E mutation, the relationships between the BRAF V600E gene mutation and some immunohistochemical markers, and recurrence rate in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Method:

The study was conducted by a descriptive and longitudinal follow-up method on 102 thyroid carcinoma patients at 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. All patients were identified with the BRAF V600E gene mutation by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

The rate of BRAF V600E gene mutation in patients with thyroid cancer was 60.8%. Patients with BRAF V600E gene mutation had a significantly higher rate of positive cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and Ki67 markers than those without the mutation (COX-2: odds ratio [OR] = 2.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-6.74, P = .011; Ki67: OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.31-8.88, P = .01). A statistically significant relationship was identified between the rate of BRAF V600E mutation and the rate of positive Hector Battifora mesothelial 1 (HBME-1) (B = −1.040; P = .037) and COX-2 (B = −1.123; P = .023) markers. The recurrence rate in patients with BRAF V600E gene mutation was significantly higher than that in those without the mutation ( P = .007). The mean of the recurrence time of patients with BRAF V600E mutation was significantly lower than that in those without the mutation ( P = .011).

Conclusions:

A high prevalence of BRAF V600E gene mutation was found in thyroid carcinoma patients. The rates of positive HBME-1, COX-2, and Ki67 markers were significantly correlated to BRAF V600E gene mutation. Patients with BRAF V600E gene mutation showed a significantly higher relapse rate and earlier relapse time than those without the mutation.
Writing with an accent: Travelling scholars and xenophone scholarship
Authors: Huang Xin
Published: October 2023

Feminists have been examining the travelling and dominance of Anglophone feminist knowledge across the globe through translation and adaptation, and their revision and transformation in the process. This article suggests that feminist scholarship circulates globally through not only the travelling of theories but also the ‘travelling’ scholars who move geographically, linguistically, and intellectually in and out of the Anglophone scholarly world. It considers knowledge production as an embodied process and explores the relationship between intellectual biography and knowledge production. Directing the gaze to travelling scholars and their ‘accented’ writings, it traces the various types of ‘accents’ in the form of italics or non-Romanized scripts, the invented terms and phases, the meaning frames and conceptual constructions, and creative grafting of ideas and epistemic frameworks. Using various forms of ‘accented’ writings in feminist and queer inquiries about China as examples, this article demonstrates that moving between languages and intellectual traditions, the accented writings produced by travelling scholars can serve as important modes and foci of feminist knowledge production and have the potential to produce ‘xenophone’ scholarship that contributes to feminist knowledge production.