bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of ZnO content on the structural, morphology and optical properties of (NiO)1-x (ZnO) x thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique
Authors: Fadle Ameer J. , Alhur Mohmmed Ebd , Hasan Bushra A.
Published: November 2020

(NiO) 1-x (ZnO) x compounds were prepared with different composition ratios. The compounds were obtained by mixing Nickle oxide and zinc oxide in the appropriate ratio and sintered at 1000°C for six hours. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method which is simple and inexpensive method was used to deposit (NiO) 1-x (ZnO) x thin films on glass substrate at ambient temperature. Structural, optical and properties were investigated. The structures investigation obtained from x-ray diffraction showed that the prepared of compound as well as thin films have polycrystalline structure where the diffraction peaks were identical with the cubic NiO and hexagonal ZnO for x=0 and 1.0 while the structure of the residual x values was identical with the both phases. The average values of the crystallite size increases from 29.3 nm to 32.4 nm when x increases from 0 to 1.0. Thickness interferometry measurement showed that thickness of the prepared thin films was ≈150 nm. The optical absorbance and transmittance spectrum provided from UV-spectrophotometer were used to estimate the optical parameters like optical energy gap Eg, refractive index, extinction coefficient and real and imaginary dielectric constants. The data showed that the optical energy gap as well as the optical constants decreases with the increasing of ZnO content in the prepared thin films.
Investigation of Co-doped Cu2O thin films on the structural, optical and morphology by SPT
Authors: Abdulmunem Oday M , Jabbar Ali M , Muhammad Shawki K , Dawood Mohammed O , Chiad Sami S , Habubi Nadir F
Published: November 2020

Nanostructured copper oxide (Cu2O) and cobalt doped (Co:Cu2O)thin films were prepared at varying doping by spray pyrolysis technique(SPT). X-ray diffraction patterns investigate t structural properties. Surface topography was studied by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Transmittance spectra were determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the results showed that pure and Co doped Cu2O Nanostructures have a bandgap values between (2.56 - 2.85) eV.
The effect of Adding (ZrC) Nanoparticles to (PVP-PVA) Blend on their Optical properties for Humidity Sensor Application
Authors: Rasheed Hiba S.
Published: November 2020

The optical properties for adding (ZrC) nanoparticles to (PVP-PVA) were studied. The Poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were blended and films were obtained by the casting method. Zirconium carbide nanoparticles (ZrC) were added with different weight percentages (4 wt.%, 8 wt.%, 12 wt.% and 16 wt.%) to the (PVP-PVA) blend. The wavelength range used to measure the optical properties is (220-820) nm. Analyzing the results it is found that the absorbance (A) decrease by increasing the (ZrC) nanoparticles concentrations, while the coefficient of absorption (α), coefficient of extinction (k), index of refraction and the constants of real and imaginary (∈
1, and ∈
2) increased by increasing the concentration of (ZrC) nanoparticles. The gap of energy (Eg
) of (PVP-PVA) blend increases with the increasing of (ZrC) nanoparticles weight percentages.
The particle size effect of rice husk on thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of RTV Silicon rice husk composites
Authors: Abbas Al-Noamany Abbas Hadi , Wahab Habieb Azher Abdul , Omran Alkhayatt Adel H.
Published: November 2020

The rice husk (RH) is a wide agricultural resource by-product of rice milling process in Iraq. In this work, RH is used as filler to modified thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of RTV silicone. RH-RTV silicone composites are prepared with different RH filler particle sizes, they are equal to 6.5mm (raw RH), 1.18mm, 250 μm, 125 μm, 75 μm, and 50μm. The levels of RH filler loading (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20) (wt %). The thermal conductivity and dielectric constant of all RH-RTV silicone composites are studied. The effect of varying frequency (from 500 Hz to 1 MHz) on dielectric constant all composites is studied. The thermal conductivity of RH-RTV silicone composites decrease with RH filler concentration increases and particle size decreases, thermal conductivity has minimum value at 20%wt. The particle size effect on thermal conductivity of composite is very observably at 50μm particle. The dielectric constant of RH-RTV silicone composites is increased when RH filler concentration increases and particle size decreases, thy have maximum value at 20%wt and 50μm RH particle. The varying of frequency is low effect on 50μm RH-RTV silicone composites.
Synthesis of TiO2NPs with agricultural waste for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications
Authors: Aziz Wisam J. , Ghazai Alaa J. , Abd Ahmed N. , Habubi Nadir F.
Published: November 2020

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures with palm trunk mince were deposited via hydrothermal technique. The crystalline structure of TiO2 has two phases anatase and rutile, which analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). TiO2 NPs morphology were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that product has hexagonal nanobelts, nanorods, and nanowires. Photocatalyst activates of TiO2 were studied on degradation of methylene blue dye (MB) under UV irradiation, MB absorption decrease with increasing the irradiation time, which optimum degradation showed with nanowires shape comparable with nanorod and nanobelts shapes. The antibacterial study clearly indicates that the palm trunk extract mediated of TiO2 NPS exhibit the excellent antimicrobial activity.
Radon and Thoron Concentrations Measurement in Tea Samples Consumed in Iraqi Markets Using CR-39 Detector
Authors: Nasser Husham Jalal , Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Mzher Osamah Abdulameer
Published: November 2020

Tea is one the most food used in the form of cold and hot drinks in Iraq, so 12 samples of the most frequently traded teas have been collected on the market, where Radon and thoron levels were measured using CR-39 nuclear track detector, and exhalation rates of radon and thoron gas were calculated. The results show that the highest concentration of radon is in sample T-4 and the highest concentration of thoron is in sample T-5 and were 34.725 ± 13.2 Bq/m3 and 10.164 Bq/m3 respectively. The obtained radon levels is within the natural limits of the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides in foods, and this will not form any risk on human health.
Estimation of the radiation hazard indices in most types of Pasta spread in the Iraqi markets
Authors: Alaboodi Azhar S. , Zgair Inass Abdulah , Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Baydaa A.
Published: November 2020

pasta (Macaroni) is a dry, hollow pastry, made from cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, etc. It is a diet rich in carbohydrates for different age groups. In this research study examines the emergence one of the long-lived gamma radiation emitters in the various types of pasta available in the Iraqi market. We found concentration of (238U), (232Th) and (40K) In units (Becquerel / kg) measured in (20) Various types for pasta that could be obtained in the Iraqi market.( Radium equivalent ), (internal hazard index), and (absorbed dose rate) were also calculated for all studied samples. radiometric measurements by using the gamma spectrometry NaI(Tl) detector. The specific activity in Macaroni samples were wide-ranging from (0.232±0.195) Becquerel / kg to (22.869±2.005) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (6.081) Becquerel / kg for238U, For 232Th From (0.018±0.36) Becquerel / kg to (114.269±1.40) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (21.672) Becquerel / kg and for 40K from (58.724±2.28) Bq/kg to (1145.99±10.57) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (663.092) Becquerel / kg. Also, Where we found that the internal risk index as well as the radium equivalent in the samples (pasta) ranged from (0.0135) to (0.8031) Becquerel / kg and at a rate (0.2672) Becquerel / kg and for the equivalent radium, the values were from (4.780) Becquerel / kg to (274,515) Becquerel / kg, and at a rate (177.262) Becquerel / kg. This study showed that, risk indicators calculated in this study are safe and do not constitute any health threat to humans.
Structural and Optical Properties of Sprayed Ba Doped CdS Nanostructure Thin Films
Authors: Hassan Ehssan S , Khudhair Dawood M , Muhammad Shawki K , Jabbar Ali M , Dawood Mohammed O , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S
Published: November 2020

Pure and Barium doped Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films are grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. The films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The XRD shows that pure and doped films are polycrystalline. The average grain of films was found to increase with Barium doping. The optical investigation shows a small decrease in bandgap value for the doped films. The pure and 2% and 4% Ba doped films were found to have a bandgap of 2.43eV and 2.5 eV respectively.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in intertidal Mudflat in South of Iraq
Authors: Musa Z.J. , Al-Asadi Manal K. , Khwedem Abadalhussein A. , Musa M.J.
Published: November 2020

chosen to collect the sediment sample, three stations were near the Marine water and one station was near the river, total Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPHs) were estimated and the results were as following : (TPHs) compounds ranged between (11.6-16.44) μg/g in both stations (2) and (3) but in river station was (6.9) μg/g, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments registered the fallowing data : Acenaphthene was between (N.D -0.796) µg/g, Fluorene recorded (N.D -3.353) µg/g, Phenanthrene (N.D -0.031) µg/g, Anthracene compound was in very high level about (26.653 -26.653 ) µg/g in sation (1,3), Pyrene (N.D -0.052) µg/g, Benzo [a] anthracene (0.227-0.178) µg/g and Chrysene (0--0.061) µg/g. Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Fluoranthene and Naphtalene compounds were N.D. The grain size study shown that sediments are classified as silty clay sediments with high percentage of clay between (65-85 %), and also with a high natural moisture content.
Treatment of Iraqi Petroleum Refinery Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Khudhair , Abdul Hassan Maysoon M. , Hasan Adnan F.
Published: November 2020

Iraq is facing a major environmental crisis due to oil-spills which polluted the Tigris River and caused many problems in the environment depending on the volume of the oil spilled. Therefore these problems need emergency solutions and one of the solutions is treatment using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). In this research the degradation of acidic aqueous solutions of the synthetic diesel oil water emulsion has been studied by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2). The effect of different process parameters, such as pH, oxidant’s dose (FeSO4/H2O2) and the reaction times on the removal of diesel oil were investigated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). At an optimum concentration optimum of [H2O2] = 11×10−2 M; [Fe2+] = 7.4×10−3 M, pH=3.5 and reaction time 60 min reduced COD 65% of diesel oil at [Diesel Oil] = 1300 ± 23 mg O2/L. The real oily wastewater was collected from Baghdad south gas power plant-2 and its composition is unknown. The treatment of this wastewater by Fenton oxidations under optimal conditions were removed 86% of the initial COD and 97 % of total petroleum hydrocarbons TPH of the oily wastewater.
Study of Intensity and Thickness of Surface Heat Inversion for Baghdad
Authors: Al-Ghrybawi Shahad R. , Al-Jiboori Monim H.
Published: November 2020

this work presents the intensity and thickness surface heat inversions for Baghdad city. This inversion plays an important role in the study of concentrations of pollutants as well as its effect on spraying insecticides, which starts from a height of 2 m using the daily radiosonde data (midnight) of the period from (2013-2014) obtained from the Iraq Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOS). The intensity of the heat inversion was studied on a seasonal basis. It was clear from the study that surface heat inversion shows the highest intensity in the summer and the lowest intensity in both winter, spring and autumn. It was through this research calculated the thickness of the surface heat inversion the results were the largest thickness in the summer months.
Sustainable Control process of SOME WEEDs BY SOME OF bio - agents Fungi
Authors: Mutlag Nihad. H. , Jabbar Salwan AbdAlzahra , Hussein Ahmed M. , Musa Abdulkadhim J. , Ali Ebtisam I.
Published: November 2020

This study was reported to assessment the impact of bio-control fungi[Trichoderma harzianum. Rafai(T. h. t) and Chaetomium elatum ( C. e)] isolates in controling Echinochloa grus. Gali weeds which growing with the rice- class Yassamine cultivation. The first laboratorial experements were consisted isolation, purification of fungi in rice fields (AL-Mishkhab at agricultural season 2018), and comparing their pathogenicity, promotional abilities through putting a rice and Echinochloa seeds with studied bio-control fungi (their biomass and filterates), as well as the second experiments were acheived by using petri dishes which treated with studied fungi and their filtrates, in order compare the seeds germination rate, plumiles lengths (cm), plumiles fresh and dry weights (gm) of rice and Echinochloa seedlings, these experiments was designed with Completely Randomized Design(C. R. D) The results were as follow;

1-Treatments with the biological control fungi, T. h. t and C. e caused 95. 23, 94. 21, 91. 29 % germination rate of rice seedlings.

2- The T. h. t. fungi and its filtrates gave an significant results in controlling of Echinochloa weeds which were cultivated in petri dishes, Echinochloa germination rates in petri dishes reached 7. 11 % and its filterates gave 11. 49% in petri dishes. Also T. h. t. and their filtrates were appeared a significant results in combating Echinochloa germination rates by decreasing plumiles lengths, plumiles fresh and dry weight that reach 1. 84, 0. 68 % and 0. 077, 0. 019 cm and 0. 019, 0. 009 cm, respectively in compare with control treatment which were 4. 70, 1. 29% and 0. 209, 0. 031cm and 0. 038, 0. 024 cm, respectively.
Molecular Identification of some isolates of Fungi Isolated from Al-Mishkhab Rice Field research station
Authors: Mutlag Nihad. H. , Al-Mosawi Ahmed M.
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science - College of Science - University of Kufa with the aim of isolating and diagnosing fungi isolated from the rice field at the Rice Research Station in Al-Mishkhab in Najaf Governorate. Fungi isolates were diagnosed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and nucleotide sequence determination for DNA products multiplied using the ITS1 and ITS4 prefixes. The results of analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the double DNA products of fungal isolates isolated in this study and using the BLAST program showed that some fungal isolates in this study refer to Pencillium citrinum (1), others belong to Alternaria alternata (2), Aspergillus rugulosus (3), F. chlamydosporum (4). Trichoderma harzianum(5) showed a difference in the sequence of some nitrogenous bases for DNA products. Aspergillus flavus (6), Penicillium Spinulosum (7). The results showed that two isolates of fungi isolates isolated in this study (Aspergillus rugulosus and Aspergillus flavus) were not registered formerly at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), so they were registered under the numbers MT356126 and MT358845.
POTENTIAL SHIFT IN ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY DURING LATE WINTER IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Al-Haidarey M. J. , Abdul-Jabbar R. M.
Published: November 2020

Climate changes have large impacts on zooplankton community stricture specially temperature that can reduce in biomass of zooplankton and that consider the link between primary producers and upper trophic levels and important to regulation of aquatic ecosystems. In this study we tested the effects of climate changes specially temperature on zooplankton biodiversity and community structure, also tested some environmental factors (pH, dissolved oxygen, PO4, NO3, and DIC) and chlorophyll-a in mesocosm experiment included 16 enclosures which filled with water, aquatic plants and sediment were extracted from the bottom of water pool with heating system for 8 enclosure. This study concluded that elevation temperature could change zooplankton biodiversity and community structure, early flowering plants, pH raising, increase in the chlorophyll-a, decline in PO4 and DIC concentrations.
Effect of asphalt emissions on the health of workers, Najaf City - Iraq A case study
Authors: Aldeen SJ. , Alduhaidahawi Faris J.
Published: November 2020

Human activities have the greatest impact on environmental change and natural biological disruption, and there are many forms of this change, whether in the environmental climate, such as the rapid loss of biodiversity and lack of land suitability for agriculture, or the rise in temperature as a result of human changes or environmental health impacts. This research included detecting the effect of asphalt plant pollution on physiological blood parameters for workers in these plants by estimating certain blood markers in samples from 30 workers of different ages, and exposure periods included blood WBC, HGB, HCT, PLT and CO2. The findings showed that the WBC values showed that 93% of employees were above the usual limit, while 84.4% of employees had higher concentrations than control group values, 99% of workers had concentrations above usual HGB levels, while 43% had concentrations below control group values, 86.8% had concentrations below c. 66% of workers have a record lower than the control group 33.4% exceeded the control group values, the results of laboratory CO2 analyzes show that 90% of the CO2 concentrations of this indicator are outside the natural limits and that 100% of the CO2 concentration of workers in their blood is higher than that of the control group.
On the Elliptic Variational Inequality for A Simplified Signorini Problem
Authors: Jaabar Sahar Muhsen , Abbas Sameer Annon , Hussain Ahmed Hadi
Published: November 2020

The phrase “variational formulation” has been used recently in connection with generalized boundary formulation or initial – problems of value. However, in the classical sense of the phrase, minimizing the squared function as well, that involves all problem intrinsic feature, examples: border or / and starting conditions, the governing equations, constraint conditions, and even jump conditions. Variational formulations, in either sense of the phrase, new theories supposed, support methods to study the mathematical properties of solutions, also most importantly that approximation normal means. In three related topics, the variational formulations can be used. Firstly, in the terms of getting the extremum (example, maxima or minima) are posed for numerous mechanics problems, thus, according nature of that, in the variational statements terms can be formulated. Secondly, other means might formulate for other problems, as vector mechanics (example: Newton’s laws), however, the means of variational principles can formulate for that. Thirdly, third, principle variation considers a strong basis for getting approximate solutions to problems in practice, a lot of it is unsolvable. variational inequality (V.I.) in mathematics, is an inequality involves a function, whose solutions to all probable values are for a variables given, mostly belong to a convex series. The variational inequalities of the theory of mathematic have developed in the beginning to deal with problems of equilibrium, Signorini problem specifically. The variational inequality of elliptic is the “A simplified Signorini problem” first type. This V. I of elliptic was associated with second-order partial differentiation.
Modification of Cellulose Nanofibers by ZnO Nanoparticles for Gas Sensing
Authors: Alalousi Mazin A. , Al-Obaidi Yusra M. , Jehad Mustafa G.
Published: November 2020

Nanocellulose crystals (NCC) were isolated from the palm fronds by sonication and hydrolyzed processes and modification of them by the prepared ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) utilizes pulsed laser ablation in water. NCC:ZNPs layers were fabricated using the spin coating technique. The morphological properties of NCCs and NCC: ZNPs layers were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and field-effect scanning electron microscope (FESEM) respectively. NCC fibers have been shown a long fibrous shape with layer fibrous sheets about 60 nm of thickness consist of nano tapes between 30 nm to 70 nm of width and thickness sequentially. ZNPs clusters appeared clearly in FE-SEM image as individual growths between 20 nm to 240 nm of size and around NCC fibers. The structural properties of prepared layers have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the domain peak of cellulose is found at 22.54° mostly. There is increasing in the crystallinity indices with the number of layers were increased in both NCC and NCC: ZNPs films. The sensing of N2, H2 and NH3 gases were measured, generally the sensitivity of gases increased with adding of ZNPs expect N2.
The Preparing and Characterization of Nanocomposite (PTh/SWCNT) for NO2 Gas Sensing
Authors: Ramadhan Amer A. , Ibrahim Fuad T. , Nasir Eman M.
Published: November 2020

We prepared polythiophene (PTH) with single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nanocomposite thin films for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing applications. Thin films were synthesized via electrochemical polymerization method onto (Indium tin oxide) ITO coated glass substrate of thiophene monomer with magnesium perchlorate and different concentration from SWCNT (0.012 and 0.016) % in the presence130mL of Acetonitrile used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterized these nanocomposite thin films. The response of these nanocomposite for NO2 gas was evaluated via monitoring the change time in presence 25% NO2 of with electrical resistance at (40, 80,120,160 and 200)°C. We can observe that the PTh/SWCNT films show a higher sensitivity as compare to pure PTH.
Mixed Ligand Complexes of Schiff Base and Nicotinamide: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Abdul Karem Lekaa K. , Al-Noor Taghreed.H.
Published: November 2020

A new Schiff base of HL has been synthesized from amoxicillin drug and 4-Chlorobenzophenone. Cr (III), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) mixed ligands complexes of Schiff base and Nicotinamide. Diagnosis of synthesis ligand and its complexes are done by1HNMR, 13CNMR and thermal analysis for HL ligand, FTIR, UV-visible, molar conductance, CHN analysis, magnetic susceptility and atomic absorption. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for all complexes. All compounds under study were tested antimicrobial activity against four type of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Bacillis subtilis in nutrient agar.
Improve topic modeling algorithms based on Twitter hashtags
Authors: Alash Hayder M , Al-Sultany Ghaidaa A
Published: November 2020

Today with increase using social media, a lot of researchers have interested in topic extraction from Twitter. Twitter is an unstructured short text and messy that it is critical to find topics from tweets. While topic modeling algorithms such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) are originally designed to derive topics from large documents such as articles, and books. They are often less efficient when applied to short text content like Twitter. Luckily, Twitter has many features that represent the interaction between users. Tweets have rich user-generated hashtags as keywords. In this paper, we exploit the hashtags feature to improve topics learned from Twitter content without modifying the basic topic model of LSA and LDA. Users who share the same hashtag at most discuss the same topic. We compare the performance of the two methods (LSA and LDA) using the topic coherence (with and without hashtags). The experiment result on the Twitter dataset showed that LSA has better coherence score with hashtags than that do not incorporate hashtags. In contrast, our experiments show that the LDA has a better coherence score without incorporating hashtags. Finally, LDA has a better coherence score than LSA and the best coherence result obtained from the LDA method was (0.6047) and the LSA method was (0.4744) but the number of topics in LDA was higher than LSA. Thus, LDA may cause the same tweets to discuss the same subject set into different clustering.
Mathematical Study for laser and its Clinical Applications in dentistry: Review and Outlook
Authors: Yacoob Ilham M. , Mahmood Sarah G. , Slewa Muna Y. , Nooh Najeeb M.
Published: November 2020

The paper for the survey is to recapitulate applications of laser, mathematically and also discusses whether the laser can furnish a similar or ameliorate treatment for traditional care. Studies have shown that the use of lasers in the different fields is an efficacious device to increase efficiency, quality, easiness, cost and convenience in dental therapy. The laser is an influential dental auxiliary to control pollution, wound reparations, the discharge and control of tremolo in the expulsion of hard tissues. Lasers designed specifically for this region are surgical and medical devices at the forefront of technology and are used by a large number of doctors in everyday use. Dental laser uses wavelengths that are absorbed in soft or solid tissues and given exceptional privacy in tissue. Its clinical capabilities are extremely complex, providing very good comfort for the patient. Clinical conditions will characterize the various and diverse applications of dental lasers depending on the power used during exposure and absorption of wavelengths in soft or hard tissues, emphasizing the benefits for each case.
A topology on d-algebra via dual stabilizers
Authors: Hasan Ali Khalid
Published: November 2020

The notion of dual left (right) stabilizer of a set in bounded d-algebra introduced in this paper, and we introduce two different topological space with tow basis for them, and we study some properties of these generated topological spaces by the basis, and showing that they are connected, locally connected and separable spaces.
Reinforce organizational communication using Information Technology
Authors: Ali Asrar Abdulzahra
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research is to enhance the role of organizational communication in organizations using IT technologies. The results showed that there is a strong relationship with information technology technologies in enhancing the role of organizational communication, which in turn helps to improve the performance of organizations in general
The Impact of Eye Exercises on High Myopia and Visual Acuity in Patients Aged (15-30) Years
Authors: Shareef Hassnaa , Sameen Munther , Jafaar Shaimaa
Published: November 2020

High myopia is a state in which the spherical equivalent objective refractive error is ≤ -5.00 Diopters (D) in either eye. Currently, there are several treatment options to correct high myopia including laser eye surgery, refractive lens exchange, pharmaceutical treatment, and others. This study focuses on physiotherapy treatment and aims to evaluate the potential advantage of applying new physical exercises for the eyes of patients aged between 15-30 years, was applied on 50 patients with a known case of high myopia who were recruited through criteria based purposive sampling, they visit the optical clinic routinely at the Medical Technical University. The optometrist assessed the refractive errors and visual acuity of subjects using a Snellen’s chart and an auto refractometer, then the eye exercises treatment was done by the specialist physician. The effect of physical exercises on the eyes was determined by comparing the visual acuity of patients before and after the treatment through the SPSS program, and the result was found to be significant with a P-value = 0.0281<0.05. Therefore, eye exercises provide an enhancement in visual acuity, ocular health, and correct the refractive error of high myopia resulting in better vision.
Immunological comparison for sHLA-G and some receptors in Iraq patients with sterile and fertile Echinococus granulosus
Authors: Al-Marsomy Wasan Addai , Mohammed Sabaa Taher , Salih Almohaidi Asmaa M.
Published: November 2020

Hydatidosis, a problem of worldwide importance is caused by larval (metacestode) stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. Non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA-G) plays an remarkable role in liver disease. This review will discuss sHLA-G and some immunological parameters in the study of Iraq patients with sterile and fertile hydated cyst. A study the immunological parameters include effect of Human Leukocyte Antigen-G which are investigated by ELISA, showed significant differentiation (P<0.05) at the serum level concentration in patients after surgery compared with the level of concentration before surgery and higher than in the control group with non-significant differences in the immune response between two types of fertile and sterile cyst. So, results of KIR2DL4 and ILT4 immunological receptor, which were investigated in patients’ blood using the flow cytometry, showed significant increase in concentration from these receptors for patients who suffer fertile and sterile hydatid cysts compared to the control group. Therefore changed immune responses in two type cysts with hydatidosis patients in presence sHLA-G expression.
The Orbital of Satellite Transfer with Inclination Change Using a New Techniques
Authors: Fadhil Omar A. , Saleh AbdulRahman H.
Published: November 2020

The process of satellite transition without perturbations effect were studded in this work. The initial elliptical orbit (e= 0.01, a= 6745.45 km, i= 0°) was transfer to geostationary orbit through the transfer elliptical orbit with inclination variation between the initial and final orbit Δi= 0°,1,2 to 180°. A program was designed to calculate the velocity needed to transition (ΔVhohman), the velocity needed to rotation the plane of orbit (ΔVi), ΔVtotal, mass of fuel needed and time of transition we assume that the time of rotation equal one period. Hohmann transfers method between coaxial elliptical orbits to Satellite transmission was used. It is the process of transition the satellite from an elliptical initial orbit to a circular final orbit through an elliptical transition orbit some assumption were used in our techniques of transition orbit. The results indicated that the best method for the transfer process that is transfer the satellite from the perigee of the initial elliptical orbit and then perform the orbit rotation process of the final upper orbit. The inclination angle can be reach is 60 degree where at this Δi low velocity or low energy needed and the rotation can happen during one period. The amount of fuel needed to transition of the satellite can be achieved.
Freehand Drawing Segmentation Based on Color Differences
Authors: Abdulmunem Ashwan A. , Mohammed Dunya J.
Published: November 2020

Image segmentation is a fundamental step in computer vision problems such as object detection, localization, recognition, etc. The accurate segmentation has a vital effect on the output results. n this work, we introduce a new approach of segmentation based on freehand drawing on the target object on the input image then segmented that object from the image based on the color differences in the image regions. The method applied to different types of images to justify the robustness of the method. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method to segment the freehand drawn object with different characteristics of the images (lightness, background, number of objects).
Effect of laser diode to spectrometer distance on perfusion
Authors: M.Abud Mariam.
Published: November 2020

Single Doppler methods remained a limited application for LDFM. Various distances effect between laser diode and spectrometer is important role in this application techniques especially medicine physics. In this research aimed to determine the effect of distance between the spectrum analyzer and laser diode by single Doppler Method on perfusion of the Artery. This is the position of arteriosclerosis diagnosis Results shown Change the distance between LD (wavelengths 780 nm) and spectrum analyzer (2,4,6, and 8 cm) that intensity incresed to 4 cm when enter light through position of artery, but decresed when incresed distance 8 cm. results is prove the increased blood velocity also increases the single signal, At distance 6 cm s is relatively higher for velocity having propagated a long distance, and therefore their contribution to the perfusion effect to the blood concentration and the measurement velocity will decrease compared to the distance 2 and 4 cm.
Analysis of the Effect of Fiber Length on Fourwave Mixing Power in WDM Optical Communication System
Authors: Mohammad Jamal Fadhil , Kadhim Sadiq Jaafar
Published: November 2020

This study has revealed that the dominant nonlinear of four-wave mixing (FWM), shown a significant impact of performance limitation of the wavelength division multiplexing systems (WDM). The interaction and accumulation of the chromatic dispersion and the effect of the fiber nonlinear along the optical link length, are shown a limited performance of the long distance of optical communication system. Also, we investigated the relationships of FWM power with the fiber length of several values of the inter channel spacing, input power, the effective core area, number of channels in the system. The results are shown that the dominant influence of FWM at the dispersion of zero-wavelength in comparison to the end wavelength, where ultimately, it reaches the maximum value of fiber length≈ 22 km. Furthermore, it is also shown that the FWM noise power is, consequently, increased, after assembly of other factors, including, (1) the increase of the input power, (2) the number of channels in the system, (3) the decrease of the frequency spacing, effective core area.
Fully Dual Closed Stable Modules
Authors: Al-Aeashi Shukur Neamah , Diop Papa Cheikhou , Reza Farahani Mohammad
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we introduce the notion offully dual closed stablemodule as a generalization of fully dual stable. Some basic properties of this notion are given. Also the related modules with this notion are introduced and studied.
Hash Unit Cell Shape Used To Enhancement Gain and Bandwidth of Metasurface Antenna
Authors: Gatea Qahtan Mutar , Al-Kafahji Nasr , Ali Faris Mohammed , Alyasiri Abdulkadhum Jaafar
Published: November 2020

In this paper, Low-profile, high gain and wideband antenna loaded with a single layer metasurface are proposed. The process of adding the metasurface layer depends on the Fabry Pérot technology, which required existing an air gap among the slot antenna and the metasurface layer. The metasurface layer consists of an array of 4 × 4 unit elements placed on a Roger Ro4003C substrate layer with a thickness of 2.5mm. Hash shape is used as a radiating element. The metasurface MS is acting as left-hand material in which both permittivity and permeability are negative, leading to negative refractive indexing. The emitted waves from the slot antenna are affected by a set of unit cells on the metasurface MS above the slot antenna because of the structure’s equivalent relative permeability and permittivity changes, and the slot antenna performance changes accordingly. The antenna works at a frequency of 6.75 GHz as a resonant frequency with an improvement in the bandwidth value for the metasurface antenna to get a value of 2.2 GHz instead of 390 MHz for the slot antenna. The proposed antenna has a 37 % bandwidth impedance starting at 4.7 GHz and ending at 6.9 GHz with a 7.43 dB gain value. The suggested antenna is useful for use with Wi-Fi applications.
Investigation of the Cosmic Rays Associated with Ground Level Enhancement Events during Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Gburi Sura I. , AL-Ubaidi Najat M. R.
Published: November 2020

In the Sun, particles mostly protons (positively charged) with energies up to several hundred (MeV) are escaped during periods of intense flare activity. These particles are solar cosmic radiation, which are very small particles move at nearly the speed of light through space. The flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) may also cause a sharp rise in the cosmic ray intensity (CRI) at the Earth atmosphere. There are indications that the most energetic events occurred in the minimum phase of solar activity. When cosmic rays enter the Earth’s atmosphere they collide with atoms and molecules, as the Sun’s magnetic field became weak the cosmic rays are flooding into the solar system from deep space, causing health risks to space travelers. Sudden increases in the cosmic ray intensity called Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are measured or recorded on Earth’s sea level by neutron monitor (NM). The main objective of this research is to find the relation between cosmic ray and the GLE events and other solar activity parameters during the period years (2008-2019) for solar cycle (24). In this work satellite data of GLE based on ground level station Oulu NM (ONM) are taken is situated in north Finland at the height of 15m above sea level in the geographic coordinates (65.05°N; 25.47°E). The observational spectrum of two GLEs occurred during solar cycle 24 are investigated, one in 17 May 2012 which known as GLE71 and the other in 10 September 2017 as GLE72, in which the solar energetic particle was the larger in this solar cycle. Data of these two events indicate that the presence of different between them are due to populations of different energy spectrum, period of time occurrence, and increasing rate of (CRI).
Additional Properties of Frame Domination in Graphs
Authors: Talib Sarai Hamza , Omran Ahmed A. , Rajihy Yasen
Published: November 2020

The generalization of frame domination concept on graphs is the main aims of this work. In addition, some advanced properties on frame domination have been presented. Some corresponding theorems related to delete, add edges or delete vertices have been proved. Also, the relationship between the original graph and a graph getting from contraction edges has been addressed. Finally, the upper and lower bounds of frame domination number for some special different graphs have been compared and determined.
Corrigendum to Certain Types of Generalized Closed Sets
Authors: Hussain Adiya K.
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to prove that every subset of any nano topological space (resp. generalized topological space) is a nano regular generalized b-closed [1] (resp. ηregular generalized b-closed [4]) set.
Generalization Fuzzy Completely Intra Γ-ideals in Γ-Semi Groups
Authors: Asaad Samah H. , Ahmed Ibrahim S. , Mohammed Akram S.
Published: November 2020

In this article, we study the concept of generalization fuzzy completely intra —ideals in Γ —semi groups as a stronger from of fuzzy completely intra —ideals in Γ —semi groups, we investigated some of basic properties, examples and characterizations of them. Also we discussed generalization of fuzzy completely intra Γ —ideals and we discussed generalization composition of fuzzy completely intra Γ —ideal are investigated.
Influence of Varying Temperature and Concentration on (MHD) Peristaltic Transport for Jeffrey Fluid through an Inclined Porous Channel
Authors: Al–Khafajy Dheia Gaze Salih
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to create a mathematical model that studies the effects of the peristaltic transfer of the Jeffrey fluid with a magnetic field, a change in temperature, and concentration through a slanted porous channel. Assuming that the viscosity of the fluid is variable by the effect of temperature, we found a solution for the momentum equation by using perturbation series method and assuming the long-wavelength which leads to small Reynolds number, and then we studied the effect of effective variables on the movement of the fluid.
Solution of Modified Equal Width Equation Using Quartic Trigonometric-Spline Method
Authors: Salih Hamad , Tawfiq Luma
Published: November 2020

Using a quartic trigonometric B-spline (QTB-S) scheme, the numerical solution is obtained for modified equal width equation (MEW eq.). The approach based on finite difference scheme with the help of Crank-Nicolson formulation. The finite difference scheme is used for time integration and QTB-S function for space integration. Performance and accuracy of the scheme is validated through testing two problems by using conserved laws and L∞and L2error norms.
Some Results Related With δ-Fuzzy Martingale
Authors: Al-Mayahi Noori F , Jasim Alaa M.
Published: November 2020

In this paper we will introduced the concept ofδ-fuzzy martingale (respδ-fuzzy sub-martingale,δ-fuzzy super-martingale) on the regular fuzzy measure space (Ω,F, μ), with respect to theδ-fuzzy filtration and convergence, so we will provide some definitions {Fn}n∈N, and properties related to these concepts.
Compare The Category of G-bornological group and G-Topological Group
Authors: Majed Dr.Lieth A.
Published: November 2020

In this work, we compare the category of G-bornological group G and G-topological group to consider the different between them. Moreover, the category of G-bornological set whose morphisms are called equivarient-bounded maps are described. As well as, the main results that are a bornological group acts on a bornological set by a bornologicalisomorphism.
A new Bayesian elastic net for tobit regression
Authors: Alhamzawi Ahmed
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we propose a new Bayesian elastic net (EN) approach for variable selection and coefficient estimation in tobit regression. Specifically, we present a new hierarchical formulation of the Bayesian EN by utilizing the scale mixture of truncated normal distribution (with exponential mixing distributions) of the Laplace density part. The proposed method is an alternative method to Bayesian method of the EN problem. The performance of the proposed model is compared with old model of the Bayesian elastic net using a simulation example. It is shown that the model performs well compared with old elastic net representation.
The orbits and minimal sets in d – algebra
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Talip
Published: November 2020

In this paper we will define a topological d – algebra and find some properties of this structure and the most important characteristics and we came to define a new type of spaces called D-periodic space.
Stability and Asymptotic Stability of Closed Random Sets
Authors: Kadhim Ihsan Jabbar , Imran Mohammed Shanan
Published: November 2020

In this paper the concepts of Stability, Asymptotic Stability of Closed Random Sets family in (deterministic) dynamical system are defined in (random) dynamical systems. Also some main result such as uniformly stable, compact asymptotically stable set are proved in random dynamical system.
Overview and Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithms
Authors: Oleiwi Zahraa Ch. , Alawsi Wasan A. , Alisawi Wisam. Ch. , Alfoudi Ali S. , Alfarhani Liwa H.
Published: November 2020

Data protection is a complex problem affecting many areas including computers and communications. To ensure the necessary protection of applications, cryptographic methods and various algorithms are used. In this paper general overview of cryptography, information security and the comparison of algorithms with symmetric and asymmetric keys is presented. Factors ensuring the achievement of efficiency, flexibility and security are the basis of this research. As a result, the best solution for symmetric and asymmetric encryption is produced.
Preparation, spectroscopic and anticancer studies of metal antibiotic Chelation Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) 4,5-dimethyl Thiazolylazo complexes
Authors: Al-Adilee Khalid Jawad , Waheeb Azal Shakir
Published: November 2020

This work included synthesis of new ligand 2-[2-(4,5-Dimethyl thiazolyl)azo]-4,6-dimethyl phenol (DMeTADMeP) by coupling of diazonium salt of 2-amino-4,5-dimethyl thiazole with (2,4-dimethylphenol). Also, preparation of new series of chelate complexes of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions were also prepared by mixing solution of metal salts with solution of ligand at mole ratio[ M:L] [1:2] for Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions. The structures of the azo dye ligand and its metal complexes were confirmed by various analytical techniques like by UV-visible, FT-IR, Mass spectroscopic, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, (C.H.N.S) element analyses, molar conductance, FESEM and XRD diffraction studies. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of thiazolyl azo dye and its metal complexes were shown activity towards both bacterial Escherichia coli (gram negative), streptococcus (gram positive) and Penicillium as antifungal. The results shows that this kind of compounds plays an important role in the rate of inhibition of the growth of bacterial. The anticancer activity was also conducted of the (DMeTADMeP) and Cu(II)-complex by cells cytotoxicity and screen for in vitro antitumor activity against human Hepatocellular cancer. The results indicated that this type of this compounds play an important role in the rate of inhibition of the growth cells of cancerous, undoubtedly the possibility of using them as anti-cancer drugs in the field of medicine and pharmacy.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) using Sabdarriffa L extract and its Solubility Property
Authors: Alshamsi Hassan Abbas , Ali Sura K. , Alwan Altaa Salam H.
Published: November 2020

In this work, a synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Hibiscus Sabdarriffa L extract was investigated. This way is operationally easy and environmentally friendly at compared with the reduction methods of graphene oxide using chemical agents. The prepared GO and reduced GO were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transition Electronic Microscope (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Photoluminescence (PL)and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provide a good indication of the removal of oxygen-containing groups from GO and the formation of RGO.It is found that the graphene sheets possess a frizzy morphology consisting of a thin wrinkled paper-like structure, fewer layers and large specific surface area (506.6m2 g−1) and good thermal stability. Measurements show that the use of a natural agent is more likely to reduce functional aggregates in the graphene oxide than hydrazine. Moreover, it is less toxic, less volatile and safer than others.
Regional Boundary Gradient Closed Loop Control System and Γ*AGFO-Observer
Authors: Al-Saphory Raheam , Khalid Zinah , Jai Abdelhaq EL
Published: November 2020

The main objective of this paper is to study the problem of regional boundary asymptotic gradient full order observer (Γ*AGFO-observer) in link with the structures of sensors and actuators. Important results have been obtained related to diverse kinds of measurements and controls, of domains and boundary conditions. It has been shown that the structures of measurements and feedback controls allow the existence of Γ*AGFO-observer in order to achieve regional boundary gradient closed loop control system (Γ*AGFO-system). It has also been found that there is a dynamical system which does not represent the observer in the usual sense, but it could be interpreted as a regional observer.