bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Hydrologic Response in Tile‐Drained Landscapes: Implications for Phosphorus Transport
Authors: Macrae M. L. , Ali G. A. , King K. W. , Plach J. M. , Pluer W. T. , Williams M. , Morison M. Q. , Tang W.
Published: August 2019

Phosphorus (P) loss in agricultural discharge has typically been associated with surface runoff; however, tile drains have been identified as a key P pathway due to preferential transport. Identifying when and where these pathways are active may establish high‐risk periods and regions that are vulnerable for P loss. A synthesis of high‐frequency, runoff data from eight cropped fields across the Great Lakes region of North America over a 3‐yr period showed that both surface and tile flow occurred year‐round, although tile flow occurred more frequently. The relative timing of surface and tile flow activation was classified into four response types to infer runoff‐generation processes. Response types were found to vary with season and soil texture. In most events across all sites, tile responses preceded surface flow, whereas the occurrence of surface flow prior to tile flow was uncommon. The simultaneous activation of pathways, indicating rapid connectivity through the vadose zone, was seldom observed at the loam sites but occurred at clay sites during spring and summer. Surface flow at the loam sites was often generated as saturation‐excess, a phenomenon rarely observed on the clay sites. Contrary to expectations, significant differences in P loads in tiles were not apparent under the different response types. This may be due to the frequency of the water quality sampling or may indicate that factors other than surface‐tile hydrologic connectivity drive tile P concentrations. This work provides new insight into spatial and temporal differences in runoff mechanisms in tile‐drained landscapes.

Core Ideas

Activation of surface runoff and tile flow differ with soil texture and season.

Timing of flow path activation was used to infer hydrological processes.

Connectivity between the surface and tiles exists on clay soil during growing season.

Rapid connectivity between the surface and tiles occurs less frequently on loam.
A Review of the Latest in Phosphorus Fertilizer Technology: Possibilities and Pragmatism
Authors: Weeks Joseph J. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M.
Published: August 2019

The development of highly concentrated phosphorus (P) fertilizers, such as triple superphosphate, by the Tennessee Valley Authority helped mark the beginning of a revolution in the way we manage food crop nutrition. Since then, scientists, with the help of farmers, have made great advancements in the understanding of P fate and transport across many environments but largely have failed to produce a new generation of products and/or application techniques that are widely accepted and that vastly improve plant acquisition efficiency. Under certain conditions, important advancements have been made. For example, applying liquid formulations of phosphates in lieu of dry granules in some highly calcareous soils has dramatically reduced precipitation as sparingly soluble calcium phosphate minerals, but other attempts, such as the co‐application of humic substances, sorption to layered double hydroxides, or use of nanoparticles, have not generated the kind of results necessary to continue economically increasing crop yields without further environmental cost. New sources of fertility will need to be affordable to produce, transport, and furnish P to soil solution in a manner well synchronized with crop demand. This paper provides a review of recent literature on cutting‐edge phosphorus fertilizer technology. The goal is that this synthesis will be used as a starting point from which a larger discussion on responsible nutrient management and increased P use efficiency research can be built.

Core Ideas

Reaction with some soil constituents limits P availability and crop yield.

A variety of approaches to improve fertilizer use efficiency are being explored.

Ideally, P availability should be well synchronized to crop demand.

More innovation along with mechanistic and field‐scale trials is required.
Impact of Hydrofluoric Acid Treatment on Humic Acid Properties Extracted from Organic Soils and an Organic Amendment: A Technical Evaluation
Authors: Audette Yuki , Smith D. Scott , Parsons Christopher T. , Longstaffe James , Chen Weibin , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Evans Les J. , Van Cappellen Philippe
Published: August 2019

The chemical and physical characteristics of humic acids (HA) may differ depending on their source, and the ideal extraction method should not modify the characteristics of HA. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is often used in HA extraction methods to remove inorganic substances that are often present in the sample in addition to the organic molecules of interest. Organic soils contain up to 90% of organic matter and some may think that the necessity of the HF treatment is not crucial when extracting HA from organic soils. In this study, HA were extracted from turkey litter compost (TLC), an agricultural organic soil (AOS) and a riparian soil (RS), and the impact of HF on the properties of the extracted HA was assessed. HF decreased the ash content and the concentration of inorganic components in extracted materials, especially in the HA from RS, which had higher concentrations of aluminosilicates and amorphous Si. For TLC, no significant difference in either the total charge or charge distribution was observed with HF treated samples compared to untreated samples, while the HF treatment decreased the proton binding capacity at alkaline pH (≥7) in the HA from the two soils. We assume that aluminosilicates, amorphous Si and iron oxides left in the samples interacted with protons at alkaline pH, thus increasing the proton binding capacity. Therefore, HF treatment should be included when samples containing these mineral constituents even for materials rich in organic matter.

Core Ideas

Hydrofluoric acid did not affect functional group distribution or C concentration in humic acids.

Proton binding capacity at alkaline pH of soil humic acids decreased after hydrofluoric acid treatment.

Hydrofluoric acid did not affect characteristics of humic acids extracted from turkey litter compost.

Humic acids from turkey litter compost had lower proton binding capacity than those from soils.
Archaea Enhance the Robustness of Microbial Co‐occurrence Networks in Tibetan Plateau Soils
Authors: Shi Yu , Fan Kunkun , Li Yuntao , Yang Teng , He Jin‐Sheng , Chu Haiyan
Published: August 2019

Microbial co‐occurrence is a ubiquitous ecological phenomenon, yet we know surprisingly little of the relative importance of bacteria, fungi, and archaea for structuring their co‐occurrence network, especially in natural ecosystems. Here, we present a visualization of the soil microbial co‐occurrence network pattern based on a sampling from across the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We found more intra‐kingdom than inter‐kingdom links within the network, and most of these links were positive. Compared with module hubs and network hubs, the connectors had more connections with environmental variables, and among the microbial groups the archaea built more connections than did bacteria or fungi, which pointed to the greater ecological importance of the archaea in constructing the overall network. Omitting the archaea resulted in a lower natural connectivity, suggesting this group is crucial for enhancing the robustness of the microbial co‐occurrence network. Taken together, our results suggest that the archaea play a critical role in constructing soil microbial co‐occurrence networks in the Tibetan plateau, and possibly also in other similar climate change‐sensitive regions.

Core Ideas

Connectors had more correlations with environments than module and network hubs.

Archaea built more connections than bacteria and fungi.

The absence of archaea resulted in a lower natural connectivity.

Archaea are more important in constructing soil microbial co‐occurrence network.
Love as the Foundation of Ubuntu
Authors: Tshivhase Mpho
Published: August 2019

Ubuntu je široko razumljen kao teorija morala sa širinom dovoljnom da objasni što se smatra ispravnim ljudskim ponašanjem, kao i to što znači biti osoba. Razumljen u osnovnom obliku, Ubuntu je relacijska teorija o ljudskoj interakciji, a moglo bi se reći da je glavni fokus na način življenja s golom svijesti o potrebitoj međuovisnosti među ljudima – vrsti međuovisnosti koja omogućuje da zajednica ostaje cjelovita. Ovdje se želim osvrnuti na meta-etičku analizu Ubuntu filozofije, pri čemu ispitujem mogućnost ljubavi kao njene osnove. Ono što je zanimljivost Ubuntu filozofije u ovom meta-etičkom smislu nije to kakvo ponašanje pobuđuje u ljudima, nego kakva se vrlina nalazi u njezinoj osnovi.
How Not to Do African Epistemology
Authors: Ikhane Peter Aloysius
Published: August 2019

Afrička je epistemologija diskurs filozofije kulture, a filozofija kulture je, uzvratno, diskurs ljudske koncepcije i percepcije zbilje. Odražava konceptualizaciju čovjekova živog svijeta. U tom smislu, sadržaj, metoda i alati za analizu filozofije kulture podrazumijevaju materiju indikativnu za ljudski svjetonazor (na što se u radu referiram s
pojmom »kulturna specifičnost«), a što su označitelji identiteta kulture. Baveći se filozofijom kulture, primjerice, afričkom epistemologijom, »kulturne specifičnosti« ono su što obilježava filozofijsko promišljanje kao pripadajuće afričkoj epistemologiji. Objašnjavajući što bi bila metoda bavljenja afričkom epistemologijom, rad najprije artikulira prirodu, karakter i metodu filozofije kulture, a
zatim se bavi s određenim brojem radova iz područja afričke epistemologije, s namjerom procjenjivanja metoda koje se uobičajeno primjenjuju pri ispitivanju predmeta u afričkoj epistemologiji. Po rezultatima, rad svraća pozornost na prijelome između metode primijenjene u analizi afričke epistemologije i uvjeta za primjenu metode pri bavljenju afričkom epistemologijom kao filozofijom kulture. Rad se zaključuje prijedlogom korištenja metode za afričku epistemologiju, a koja može poslužiti općenito za afričku filozofiju.
Resistance elicitors and defense response enhancers of maize to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Mondego Janaina Marques , Lemos Raimunda Nonata Santos de , Bastista Jacinto de Luna , Vieira Daniele Lavra , Pinto Kedma Maria , Rodrigues Antônia Alice Costa , Melo Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de , Costa Elizabeth Araújo , Mesquita Mario Luiz Ribeiro , Rêgo Adriano Soares
Published: August 2019

The objective of this research was to assess the potential of abiotic compounds as defense response enhancers in maize using enzymatic quantification and their efficiency in reduction of damages caused by S. frugiperda. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and five replications. The treatments were: T1: positive control (distilled water + infestation); T2: negative control (without product application, uninfested); T3: biofertilizer; T4: acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM); T5: potassium silicate; T6: potassium silicate + ASM. The treatments were applied in V6 stage of maize plants. After five days, the plants were artificially infested with 2nd instar caterpillars of S. frugiperda. Damage assessments were carried out at 4, 8, 16 and 22 days after infestation using a scale of notes. To evaluate the enzymatic activity, one leaf of each plant was removed at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 22 days after infestation. The largest peroxidase activities were observed at two DAI (days after infestation) using the potassium silicate + ASM (2,344.12 UAE.mg-1 of proteína.min-1) treatment, while the larger polyphenol oxidase activity peaks were observed after treatment with ASM at 22 DAI. The application of potassium silicate + ASM in corn plants can promote peroxidase activity. The polyphenol oxidase activity was increased after application of ASM, whereas the presence of the pest (on positive control) could potentially increase the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The applications of ASM alone and potassium silicate + ASM contributed to reduction of the foliar damage level caused by S. frugiperda in corn plants.
Microwave-Assisted Hirao Reaction of Heteroaryl Bromides and >P(O)H Reagents Using Pd(OAc)2 as the Catalyst Precursor in the Absence of Added P-Ligands
Authors: Henyecz Réka , Oroszy Rafaella , Keglevich György
Published: August 2019

Bromopyridines, bromotiophenes and 3-bromofuran were reacted with diphenylphosphine oxide or diethyl phosphite under microwave irradiation using Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst precursor together with some excess of the >P(O)H reagent. Hence, there was no need for the usual mono- and bidentate P-ligands. The >P(O)-functionalized heterocycles were obtained in variable (55-95%) yields. The results of our “green” protocol were in most cases better than those of the literature methods.
Joint Computational and Experimental Investigations on the Synthesis and Properties of Hantzsch-type Compounds: An Overview
Authors: Hosseinnejad Tayebeh , Omrani-Pachin Marzieh , Heravi Majid M.
Published: August 2019

In this review, we try to highlight the significance, mechanism propositions, computational and experimental assessments of Hantzsch dihydropyridine (DHPs) which readily oxidized to the corresponding pyridines as one of the most important aromatic heterocycles. We also try to give an overview to its ability in transfer hydrogenation, acting as hydride donors from computational and experimental points of view. Our survey is also extended to computational assessments on the structural and biological properties of Hantzsch DHPs.
Changes in the Density of Corneal Endothelial Cells in Elderly Diabetic Patients After Combined Phacovitrectomy and Ex-PRESS Glaucoma Implants
Authors: Lyssek-Boroń Anita , Krysik Katarzyna , Kijonka Magdalena , Osuch Mateusz , Grabarek Beniamin O. , Dobrowolski Dariusz
Published: August 2019

Background & Objective:

Corneal endothelial cells (ECD) are characterized by limited regenerative potential, which is additionally impaired in patients with diabetes. This retrospective study included 27 patients aged 58.1±13.6, 16 female and 11 males, who underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy in combination with cataract surgery (phacovitrectomy) and further Ex-PRESS shunt implantation throughout 2013-2017 at St. Barbara Hospital in Sosnowiec, Poland.

Methods:

In our study, we distinguished 4 periods: initial period; post phacovitrectomy and removal of oil tamponade; and 3 and 12 months post implantation of the Ex-PRESS shunt. Statistical analysis was performed at the level of statistical significance of p<0.05. It included an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test in order to determine the differences in the density of ECD cells/mm2 between the periods of observation. The paired-samples t-Student test was also performed to determine whether the differences in visual acuity values before and after PPV and before and after Ex-PRESS shunt were statistically significant.

Results:

The initial count of ECD cells was 2381.1±249, which decreased to 1872.8±350.7 cell/mm2 and finally to 1677.9±327 at the endpoint. Differences in the density of ECD cells/mm2 were observed to be statistically significant between the periods: after PPV vs. initial number of ECD (p = 0.000138); before 3 months after Ex-PRESS shunt vs. initial number of ECD (p = 0.000138); 12 months after Ex- PRESS shunt vs. initial number of ECD (p = 0000138). Analyzing the changes in visual acuity, we observed a deterioration both before and 3 months after Ex-PRESS shunt (p = 0.007944) and before and after PPV (p = 0.060334). In turn, correlation analysis indicated that there is a statistically significant, moderate, positive relationship. The relationship between visual acuity after Ex-PRESS shunt and ECD cells/mm2 density turned out to be statistically significant (r = +0.521381; p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Regardless of the period of observation and the choice of ophthalmic treatment of diabetic complications, we observed a decrease in the number of ECD cells and a deterioration in visual acuity. It is, therefore, reasonable to provide the patient with complete information about the proposed procedures and to consider the risk-benefit balance.
Homologation: A Versatile Molecular Modification Strategy to Drug Discovery
Authors: Lima Lídia M. , Alves Marina A. , do Amaral Daniel N.
Published: August 2019

Homologation is a concept introduced by Gerhard in 1853 to describe a homologous series in
organic chemistry. Since then, the concept has been adapted and used in medicinal chemistry as one of
the most important strategies for molecular modification. The homologation types, their influence on
physico-chemical properties and molecular conformation are presented and discussed. Its application in
lead-identification and lead optimization steps, as well as its impact on pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetic
properties and on protein structure is highlighted from selected examples.

• Homologation: definition and types

• Homologous series in nature

• Comparative physico-chemical and conformational properties

• Application in lead-identification and lead-optimization

• Impact on pharmacodynamic property

• Impact on pharmacokinetic property

• Impact on protein structure

• Concluding remarks

• Acknowledgment

• References
microRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Small Molecules but Big Roles
Authors: Yan Bingqian , Wang Huijing , Tan Yao , Fu Wei
Published: August 2019

microRNAs (miRNAs) are an evolutionarily conserved class of small single-stranded noncoding
RNAs. The aberrant expression of specific miRNAs has been implicated in the development
and progression of diverse cardiovascular diseases. For many decades, miRNA therapeutics has flourished,
taking advantage of the fact that miRNAs can modulate gene expression and control cellular
phenotypes at the posttranscriptional level. Genetic replacement or knockdown of target miRNAs by
chemical molecules, referred to as miRNA mimics or inhibitors, has been used to reverse their abnormal
expression as well as their adverse biological effects in vitro and in vivo in an effort to fully implement
the therapeutic potential of miRNA-targeting treatment. However, the limitations of the
chemical structure and delivery systems are hindering progress towards clinical translation. Here, we
focus on the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic trials of several representative miRNAs in the
context of specific cardiovascular diseases; from this basic perspective, we evaluate chemical modifications
and delivery vectors of miRNA-based chemical molecules and consider the underlying challenges
of miRNA therapeutics as well as the clinical perspectives on their applications.
Effect of Fruit Secondary Metabolites on Melanoma: A Systematic Review of In vitro Studies
Authors: de O. Raphaelli Chirle , Azevedo Jéssica G. , Dalmazo Gabriel O. , Vinholes Juliana R. , Braganhol Elizandra , Vizzotto Márcia , Nora Leonardo
Published: August 2019

Background:

Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer and is responsible for the
majority of the deaths related to this pathology. Recently, different studies have identified naturally
occurring compounds of fruits with chemopreventive action. This systematic review aims to investigate
the protective role of fruit phytochemicals against melanoma skin cancer from in vitro studies.

Methods:

The articles were selected using the search terms string "skin neoplasms" OR “melanoma”
AND “fruit” in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, Bireme, Web of Science and ScienceDirect.

Results:

Out of an initial database search of 391 titles and/or abstracts, 115 full-text articles were eligible
and after final evaluation 49 were selected for further assessment. Almost all analysed articles reveal
that compounds of different classes (alkaloid, alkane, benzopyrone, cyclopenta[b]benzofuran, ester,
flavonoid, tocotrienols, phenolic, phenylpropanoid, phloroglucinol derivative, terpenoids and betalain)
possess anti-melanoma in vitro activity. The benzopyrone (α-mangostin) and stilbene (resveratrol) were
effective in inhibiting melanoma cell metastasis, essential to stop the progression of malignant cells.

Conclusion:

Phytochemicals that possess anticancer properties are present in both, common and exotic
fruits. Some of these novel compounds are considered as promising starting points for the discovery of
effective new drugs.
Unified reconfigurable commutation scheme of FFT
Authors: Poperechny P. S. , Poperechnaya I. Yu.
Published: August 2019

In the traditional scheme for calculating the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the input arguments for the butterfly computation are switched in a different order depending on the computation stage, which leads to additional resource expenditures in hardware or software implementation. The article offers the method for FFT calculation by means of unified communication scheme stageby‑stage. There is an iterating equation for hardware and software implementation. The equation consists of two‑level loops rather than tree level loop for the traditional scheme. According to the iterating equation the unified communication scheme FFT is provided for both time scale and frequency scale. Also the reconfiguration of schemes by different samples number is provided too. The rotating multipliers are the same like in non‑reconfigurable (fixed) communication scheme. So the offered approach does not required additional hardware or software resources.
An evaluation analysis of students’ attitude towards physics learning at senior high school
Authors: Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Astalini Astalini , Sari Deti Kurnia
Published: August 2019

This research is about students’ attitude analysis towards Physics learning conducted at senior high schools in Batanghari Regency. The purpose of this research is to know and evaluate students’ attitude toward Physics learning. This study is quantitative research employing Survey Research Design strengthened by the result of an interview to support quantitative data. This research involved 926 students of state senior high school in Batanghari. The instruments used by the researchers were in the form of questionnaires consisting of 54 items of statements by using 5-scale Likert. The results of this research show that students’ attitude is at good category and quite good based on the indicators used to investigate the attitude.
Enfermedades Alto Costo, crisis del costo/efectividad y biociudadanías emergentes en Chile.
Authors: G. Seguel Andrés , Zabala Ximena
Published: August 2019

In Chile, during the recent years, we can gradually observe the deployment of social demands that have the format of social movements in various citizenship contexts. One of the highlighted areas is the one of health in different keys. In this article we consider mainly the one that refers to the current emergence of a social conscience connected with the problems of wellness and life. The main example we use, and that encompasses the subject of this article, is the Ricarte Soto Law, which has a double interpretative axis. On the one hand, manifesting socially a discontent for the health conditions, and in the other hand, pointing to a controverted field and not stabilized in institutional terms: the so called uncommon and emergent diseases. Here, we evaluate the theoretical relevance of the concept of bio-citizenship and expose the emergency of two forms of individualism that make viable the use of this category.
THE GROWTH OF OIL PALM WITH OIL PALM MIDRIB ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND HUMIC ACID
Authors: Ariyanti Mira , Maxiselly Yudithia , Rosniawaty Santi , Indrawan Rachman Achmad
Published: August 2019

Increased productivity of oil palm is a major challenge in Indonesia's oil palm plantations. The application of inorganic fertilizers is still ongoing and requires consideration to reduce its use, given the excessive application can reduce the physical and chemical conditions of the soil. The action that can be done is by utilizing palm oil stem waste and humic acid. This research aims to observe the influence of oil palm midrib organic fertilizer and humic acid with various compositions to the young oil palm. The experiment was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 in Experimental Station of Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang. Experiment used a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of inorganic fertilizer NPKMg 500 gram/plant, 1600 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost, 3200 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost, combination of 1600 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost and humic acid 15 ml/plant, 20 ml/plant and 45 ml/plant, and the combination of 3200 gram/plant of oil palm midrib compost and humic acid 15 ml/plant, 30 ml/plant and 45 ml/plant. The results of this experiment showed that 3200 gram of oil palm midrib compost and 30 ml of humic acid gave the best influence towards the height plant and chlorophyll content in 4 months after treatment.
Elevated Thrombospondin 2 Contributes to Delayed Wound Healing in Diabetes
Authors: Kunkemoeller Britta , Bancroft Tara , Xing Hao , Morris Aaron H. , Luciano Amelia K. , Wu Jason , Fernandez-Hernando Carlos , Kyriakides Themis R.
Published: August 2019

Impaired wound healing is a major complication of diabetes, and despite the associated risks, treatment strategies for diabetic wounds remain limited. This is due, in part, to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms, including the effects of hyperglycemia on components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the current study, we explored whether the expression of thrombospondin 2 (TSP2), a matricellular protein with a demonstrated role in response to injury, was associated with delayed healing in diabetes. First, we found that TSP2 expression was elevated in diabetic mice and skin from patients with diabetes. Then, to determine the contribution of TSP2 to impaired healing in diabetes, we developed a novel diabetic TSP2-deficient model. Though the TSP2-deficient mice developed obesity and hyperglycemia comparable with diabetic control mice, they exhibited significantly improved healing, characterized by accelerated reepithelialization and increased granulation tissue formation, fibroblast migration, and blood vessel maturation. We further found that hyperglycemia increased TSP2 expression in fibroblasts, the major cellular source of TSP2 in wounds. Mechanistically, high glucose increased activation of the hexosamine pathway and nuclear factor-κB signaling to elevate TSP2 expression. Our studies demonstrate that hyperglycemia-induced TSP2 expression contributes to impaired healing in diabetes.
Disturbed Fatty Acid Oxidation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis in Left Ventricle of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ljubkovic Marko , Gressette Melanie , Bulat Cristijan , Cavar Marija , Bakovic Darija , Fabijanic Damir , Grkovic Ivica , Lemaire Christophe , Marinovic Jasna
Published: August 2019

Chronic heart failure is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is associated with disturbed metabolism of fat, which can result in excessive accumulation of lipids in cardiac muscle. In the current study, we assessed mitochondrial oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in diabetic left ventricle. Left ventricular myocardium from 37 patients (a group of patients with diabetes and a group of patients without diabetes [ejection fraction >50%]) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery was obtained by subepicardial needle biopsy. The group with diabetes had a significantly decreased rate of mitochondrial respiration fueled by palmitoyl-carnitine that correlated with blood glucose dysregulation, while there was no difference in oxidation of pyruvate. Diabetic myocardium also had significantly decreased activity of hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) and accumulated more lipid droplets and ceramide. Also, markers of ER stress response (GRP78 and CHOP) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) were elevated in diabetic myocardium. These results show that, even in the absence of contractile failure, diabetic heart exhibits a decreased mitochondrial capacity for β-oxidation, increased accumulation of intracellular lipids, ER stress, and greater degree of apoptosis. Lower efficiency of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation may represent a potential target in combating negative effects of diabetes on the heart.
Direita e esquerda na política educacional: Democracia, partidos e disputas entre projetos de administração pública municipal no Brasil
Authors: GOuveia Andrea
Published: August 2019

Este artigo discute a pertinência de caracterizar as disputas no campo da política educacional a partir do binômio direita e esquerda. Procura-se argumentar que este binômio pode sintetizar propostas antagônicas de educação, que disputam a direção das políticas governamentais em curso. O reconhecimento dos antagonismos pode ser um instrumento para compreensão das ações governamentais, pelo reconhecimento de que os partidos na arena institucional relacionam-se com propostas antagônicas ao seu campo e constroem políticas que incorporam demandas de direita e de esquerda. Para isto apresenta uma revisão da bibliografia sobre os partidos políticos no Brasil e uma revisão acerca das análises de propostas de política educacional pós-ditadura militar. A partir desta revisão construiu-se uma matriz que pretende sintetizar as disputas educacionais nos âmbitos das políticas de acesso, gestão e financiamento da educação.
Analisis EVA, MVA, dan Tobin’s Q Terhadap Harga Saham Emiten di BEI Periode 2012-2016
Authors: Poluan Stevi Jimry , Octavianus Rony Joyo Negoro , Prabowo Edwin Aditya
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyze the effect of EVA, MVA, and Tobin’s Q on share price of listed companies in IDX. The type of research used on this study is assosiative research with quantitative approach. Sampling method used is purposive sampling. Multiple Linear Regression used to analyze the data. The results showed that EVA had no effect to companies’ stock prices and MVA had positive and significant effect to companies’ stock prices, and Tobin’s q had positive and significant effect to companies’ stock prices.
«SiembraLibros». Bibliotecas barriales para una educación inclusiva
Authors: Belinche Marcelo , Viñas Rossana , Giusti Cristian Secul , López Yemina , Viñas Mariela
Published: August 2019

En tanto piezas clave de la infraestructura cultural de la comunidad, las bibliotecas populares barriales deben hacer extensión cultural, lo que consiste en colaborar y en promover la vida cultural, la lectura y la educación. En este sentido, en este trabajo demuestra cómo se están usando las bibliotecas barriales y da a conocer cómo se está construyendo la biblioteca del Barrio San Lorenzo de la ciudad de La Plata, en el marco del Proyecto de Voluntariado y de Extensión «SiembraLibros», desarrollado en el Centro de Extensión «Por un futuro mejor».
Autismo o la pedagogía al revés
Authors: Lucchelli Juan Pablo
Published: August 2019

En el presente trabajo se examinan las posiciones de Mottron y Maleval respecto del autismo, que por vías diversas arriban a una conclusión similar: el autista presenta una inteligencia diferente de los no autistas, que no pasa por la mirada del otro ni por el lenguaje. Desde allí se considerarán las estrategias educativas orientadas por dicha conclusión.
Memoria de lo infantil: huellas, manchas y jirones
Authors: Monsalve Karen
Published: August 2019

Comentario de la obra del artista Claudio Gallina
Microscopic Analysis of Pottery Fragments from the Corded Ware Culture at Sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District
Authors: Rauba-Bukowska Anna
Published: August 2019

For microscopic examination, 22 pottery fragments from sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District were selected. The pottery types included beakers (N=19) and amphorae (N=3). The goal of the petrographic analysis was to identify mineralogical composition of ceramic fabric, sources of raw materials, and intentional additives to the clay. The analysis yielded data that helped determine ceramic fabrics types and preparation methods, as well as pottery firing conditions and approximate firing temperature.

In all samples analysed, ceramic fabrics were prepared in a similar way, using heavy clay poor in muscovite, with grog deliberately added. Crystalline material present in some of the samples is most likely a natural component of raw materials used in the production process. No sand is added to the clay. No other method for preparing pastes was identified for the amphorae type. Previous observations on amphorae firing are confirmed: amphorae are fired in oxidizing conditions. The ceramic fabrics of two vessels have a deliberate admixture of bones in addition to grog and argillaceous rock intraclasts. Vessels decorated with cord impressions and vessels with herringbone or other incised patterns are more often made from paste type A (inclusion and grog) and paste type B (grog), respectively.
Chronometry of the Final Eneolithic Cemeteries at Święte, Jarosław District, from the Perspective of Cultural Relations Among Lesser Poland, Podolia and the North-Western Black Sea Region
Authors: Włodarczak Piotr
Published: August 2019

The research on archaeological materials from sites 11, 15, and 20 at Święte produced a series of 13 radiocarbon dates for niche graves of the Corded Ware culture (CWC). The results are coherent and point to a range of 2550-2350 BC. This corresponds well with other results obtained for nearby CWC cemeteries in the Rzeszów Foothills, and is consistent with dates obtained for CWC graves in other regions in Lesser Poland: the Lesser Poland Upland, the Sokal Ridge, and the Lublin Upland. At the same time, the obtained absolute age range corresponds with a wave of influences from the North Pontic circle of steppe cultures and the Middle Dnieper culture. It can be synchronized with the beginning of the development of the classic variants of the Catacomb culture: the Ingul and Doniec variants.
Cytogenetic karyotype analysis in selected species of the Erinaceidae family
Authors: Grzesiakowska Anna , Baran Przemysław , Kuchta-Gładysz Marta , Szeleszczuk Olga
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Comparative analysis of the karyotype structure was made in two hedgehog species: the northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus) and the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).

Material and Methods

The cytogenetic analysis used differential staining techniques (DAPI, Ag-NOR, and C-banding/DAPI) and sequential QFQ/FISH banding with NOR20 and TEL20 probes which showed 45S rDNA and (TTAGGG)n repeat sequences, respectively, on hedgehog chromosomes.

Results

It was confirmed that the somatic cells of the hedgehogs have a constant number of chromosomes (2n = 48,XY). Differences were observed in the NOR number between the species. NORs were identified on three autosome pairs in the northern white-breasted hedgehog and on only two pairs in the African pygmy hedgehog. Chromosome analysis by C-banding/DAPI showed large segments of heterochromatin rich in A-T pairs on three autosome pairs in both the northern white-breasted and African pygmy hedgehogs. The heterochromatin segments encompassed large fragments of the longer arm of chromosome pairs 13, 14 and 20. The (TTAGGG)n repeat sequences on the hedgehog chromosomes were only observed in the terminal position of all the chromosomes in both species.

Conclusion

Our observations provide new information on the level of diversity within the Erinaceidae family.
Riding the wave of distrust and alienation – new parties in Serbia after 2008
Authors: Dušan Spasojević
Published: August 2019

Serbian party system is in the phase of reconfiguration which can be perceived as the outcome of domestic incentives (crisis of democratic transition and of democratic rule) and the international one (economic and migrant crisis). On one side, this reconfiguration includes emergence of predominant ruling party (Serbian Progressive Party, SNS) with strong leader and popular support; on the other side, the opposition camp has been atomized into number of smaller parties. Most of these parties are the new one (including the SNS) and founded after 2008 elections and creation of pro-EU consensus among relevant parties; post-2008 period has been characterized by the decline of almost all old parties, followed by emergence, partial success and fast decline of a large number of new actors. In this paper I am investigating if these new parties can be explained as the unexpected consequence of ideological and political stability after 2008 elections, tactical narrowing of the ideological space and cartelization of the party system. Analysis will focus at populist and anti-partisan ideas, their interplay and different ideological interpretation.
Food Safety Challenges in the Tourism Processes
Authors: Zsarnoczky Martin Balazs , Zsarnoczky-Dulhazi Fanni , Adol Gogo Fredrick Collins , Barczak Mariusz , David Lorant Denes
Published: August 2019

The modern food industry is among the key partners of today’s global tourism. As part of the tourism processes, tourists buy and consume local food in the local catering facilities. Furthermore, tourists are usually willing to try out gastronomy specialties during their travels. Food safety is important for tourists although it is not always part of their conscious behavior in the destination. Food safety standards are regulated by international contracts based on the analysis of more half a century’s experiences. Within processes related to the changes in the external environment, there are emerging issues – although in different intensity - like chemical and microbiological contamination or food terrorism. Due to the immense number of participants in tourism, it is of key importance to raise awareness of threats like food decay, infections and other negative impacts, because food safety if a basic need in all tourism destinations. The amount of waste food is increasing dramatically at a global scale. The study will introduce the findings of a food safety research in Hungary, providing useful knowledge to all stakeholders of the tourism industry.
Treatment strategy ANCA-associated renal vasculitides in children and adolescents
Authors: Savenkova N. D.
Published: August 2019

The article presents the terminology and classification in accordance with the International Сhapel Hill Сonsensus Сonference nomenclature of vasculitides (2012), clinical, immunological and morphological manifestations, therapy strategy and outcome of Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitides (ANCA) renal associated vasculitis (microscopic polyanghiitis, granulomatosis with Wegener's polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Churg-Strauss) in children and adolescents. IgG class antibodies to MPO and PR3, histopathological changes in renal biopsy specimens are considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of ANCA-glomerulonephritis. Following the recommendations of The European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS) in adult patients, ANCA-associated vasculitis describes the categories of disease severity: localized, early systemic, severe, generalized, refractory. An algorithm for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis, recommended by EULAR (2009) for adult patients and adapted for children of L.A. Plumb et al (2018), which provides for a differentiated approach to the induction of remission in localized, early systemic, severe, generalized, refractory categories of severity and supportive therapy in localized, early systemic, generalized categories, second-line therapy. In most cases of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis in children and adolescents, it is kidney damage that manifests rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with acute kidney damage, determines the severity and prognosis of outcome in terminal uremia. It seems important and necessary in the treatment protocols of ANCA-associated vasculitis to include a strategy for pre-dialysis and dialysis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with acute kidney damage in children and adolescents.
Clinical-genetic features and therapy strategy of hereditary congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome in children (literature review)
Authors: Savenkova N. D. , Chakhalian M. I.
Published: August 2019

In the literature review are presented the etiology, clinical and genetic features of congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children, as of isolated and with extra-renal manifestations. Congenital NS is diagnosed in children from birth to 3 months, infantile NS – from 4 to 12 months. Clinical and genetic features of hereditary variants of congenital and infantile NS in children caused by mutations of genes encoding the main components of slit diaphragm, glomerular basement membrane and the cytoskeleton of the podocyte feet are described. R. Preston et al (2019) believe that clinical phenotyping combined with targeted genetic analysis is effective in diagnosing steroid-resistant congenital and infantile NS in children. Currently, genetic testing is recommended before initiating immunosuppressive therapy and performing a biopsy of the kidney. Mutational screening of genes is shown in hereditary variants of congenital (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, LAMB2, PLCE1, LMX1B) and infantile (NPHS2, NPHS1, WT1, PLCE1, TRPC6, ACTN4, ADCK4, COQ2, COQ6) NS in children. The NPHS1 mutation detection rate remains high amongst non–Finnis cases of congenital NS. In international practice, with the aim of early diagnosis and treatment of steroid-resistant congenital and infantile NS in children, modern methods of mutational screening are used. Renal biopsy fades into the background. The literature review presents a modern strategy of drug and early renal replacement therapy. Recommendations for the management of Finnish-type congenital NS in children followed by many teams include daily albumin infusions, early bilateral nephrectomy, dialysis, and transplantation. The 5-years survival of patients with congenital and infantile nephrotic syndrome after kidney transplantation is more than 90 %, the survival rate of the renal allograft is more than 80 %.
Chronic kidney disease in children: problems of arterial hypertension
Authors: Karimdzhanov I. A. , Iskanova G. K. , Israilova N. A.
Published: August 2019

The review contains materials on the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with arterial hypertension (AH). The relationship between CKD and AH was shown, where hastening of CKD progression to end-stage renal failure in the presence of AH was established. The regulation of AH in children is necessary for the treatment of CKD, because AH is not established on time, is not well controlled and is often masked. Impaired vascular regulation, fluid overload, increased cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance, alone or in combination, can lead to hypertension in CKD. The use of modern methods for monitoring and controlling blood pressure is crucial to improve the management of AH and prevent damage to target organs in children. 24-hour blood pressure measurements are an important tool in determining the prognosis and treatment of children with CKD. To identify impaired renal function in CKD, a large number of biomarkers are used. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine and cystatin C are currently used as biomarkers for renal failure. Recently, biomarkers, including KIM-1, LFABP, NGAL, and IL-18 have been proposed as markers of acute kidney injury, and they may be useful in the future for early detection of CKD progression in children. In newborns and children of early and older age, hypertension occurs due to renovascular and parenchymal diseases.

AH is considered a marker of CKD severity and is a risk factor for progressive deterioration of kidney function, as well as thedevelopment of cardiovascular diseases. Sympathetic hyperactivity, excessive formation of free radicals, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and excessive production of angiotensin II leads to an increase in blood pressure. Obesity or an increase in body mass index (BMI) is currently considered as a risk factor not only for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes but also for CKD. Hyperuricemia and CKD are closely related, as the accumulation of uric acid is associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria, which are also risk factors for the progression of CKD. AH has a detrimental effect on target organs, including the kidneys, eyes, and heart. Lifestyle modifications, weight control, healthy eating, reduced sodium intake, maintenance exercises and basic drug therapy using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin receptor blockers can slow the progression of CKD in children.
Influence of prednisone therapy on physical development of children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Nastausheva T. L. , Boeva E. E. , Zvyagina T. G. , Kulakova E. N. , Nastausheva N. S. , Volosovets G. G.
Published: August 2019

THE AIM: to compare the parameters of physical development (PD) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), depending on the treatment with prednisone.

PATIENTS AND METHODS. The effect of treatment with prednisone on PD was analyzed in 60 children with INS aged from 2 to 17 years. The children were divided into 2 groups: 30 children who did not receive prednisone, and 30 children who received it during the last 6 months before the study (1st and 2nd group, respectively). The groups compared the anamnestic parameters and the risk factors of children in terms of length, weight, and body mass index.

RESULTS. When comparing the characteristics of the risk factors of children of the above 2 groups, differences in body mass and BMI were established. In children who received prednisone for the last 6 months, body weight and BMI were significantly exceeded compared to WHO standards and similar patients who did not receive prednisone for the last 6 months. We have established a reliable association of the Z-BMI criterion with the cumulative dose of prednisone in the last 6 months: r = 0.49, p <0.05. At the same time, no reliable association of body weight with a cumulative dose of prednisone, which the child received before 6 months, has been identified. When analyzing the effectiveness of different doses of prednisone therapy for stopping relapses in children with steroid-sensitive INS, it was found that the onset and duration of remission did not significantly differ when taking standard (60mg/m2/day or 2 mg/kg/day) and half as much (1mg/kg/day) doses of prednisone.

CONCLUSION. The relationship of the body mass of children with INS and the cumulative dose of prednisone in the last 6 months has been established. When treating a recurrent steroid-sensitive non-relapsing INS, a decrease in the daily dose of prednisone from 2 mg/kg/day to 1 mg/kg/day is possible in adolescents who are afraid of steroid obesity or who have had severe complications during previous courses of prednisone therapy.
Comparison of Conservatism in Islamic And Conventional Banks in Indonesia And Malaysia
Authors: Nanda Putri Ghassani Fildzah Dini Rosdini,
Published: August 2019

Malaysia and Indonesia are two of the ten countries with the largest total assets of Islamic financial markets in the world. The religiosity of a company can influences one of the qualities of accounting. The accounting quality of a company can be measured from accounting conservatism. This study aims to determine the comparison of conservatism between Islamic banks and conventional banks. The samples are Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. The samples are 13 Islamic banks and 45 conventional banks so that the total sample is 290 observations. Data analysis using pooled least square regression. The result showed that conventional banks in Indonesia tend to be more conservative compared to sharia banks and sharia banks in Malaysia tend to be more conservative compared to conventional banks. Furthermore, changes in non-performing loans and changes in loan charge-offs have positive effect on conservatism.