bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors - Prevalence and related factors
Authors: Alaboodi Reham Ahmad , Srivastava Swati , Javed Muhammad Qasim
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of additional canals and the occurrence of oval canals in apical third area of mandibular permanent incisors of Saudi sub-population.

Methods: This study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021 at College of Dentistry, Qassim University. For the investigation purpose of this study, 314 scans were analyzed within the age limits of 13 to 70 years. The root canal morphology, presence of oval canals, number of roots, and prevalence of various canal configurations based on age, gender and bilateral symmetry were recorded. The obtained data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: The mandibular central incisors (CI) exhibited, significant difference between Type-I, II, III and IV canal configurations and Type-I, II, III and V canal configurations (p < 0.05). For the mandibular lateral incisor (LI), significant difference was found between Type-I, II, III, IV and VII canal configurations (p < 0.05). The cumulative prevalence of oval canals in mandibular incisors was found to be 46.6%. For both mandibular CI and LI, the prevalence of Type-I canals was significantly higher in males as compared to females (p < 0.05). Conversely, significantly higher prevalence of Type-III canals was noted for females as compared to males (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of different canal configurations on the left and the right side of the mouth.

Conclusion: In this study, multiple canals were prominently recognized with Type-III mandibular incisors dominating this feature. Oval canals were predominantly found in single canal especially Type-III. This research suggests variability in canal morphology among different populations. Knowledge of these aberrant canal anatomies is useful for the clinician to achieve a favorable endodontic outcome.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5426

How to cite this:Alaboodi RA, Srivastava S, Javed MQ. Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of root canal morphology of permanent mandibular incisors - Prevalence and related factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):1563-1568.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5426

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The NACADA Journal 2010–2020: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Mottarella Karen , Rubin Lisa M. , Grites Thomas J.
Published: July 2022

The NACADA Journal is a publication of NACADA: The Global Community for Academic Advising, an international, educational association of individuals engaged in the work of academic advising. The Journal forms the backbone of the scholarship of advising and plays a key role in supporting the development of advising as a profession. This content analysis indicates the most common topics covered in the journal as well as its intended audience. It also identifies previous authors and their affiliations, as well as determines common research practices and methodological approaches used in their articles. The analysis includes 22 biannual issues of the journal across a decade (2010−2020) and shares implications and future directions for the journal.
Confused identities: the case of the chauve–souris septième or chauve–souris brun–blanchâtre of Azara (1801)
Authors: Smith Paul , Teta Pablo
Published: July 2022

Félix de Azara describió varias especies de murciélagos en su trabajo seminal sobre los mamíferos del Paraguay en 1801.  Uno de estos murciélagos, el chauve-souris septième o chauve-souris brun-blanchâtre fue utilizado por É.  Geoffroy St-Hilaire (1806) para describir Vesp[ertilio]. villosissimus, un nombre que se aplica actualmente al murciélago escarchado gris del sur, Lasiurus (Aeorestes) villosissimus.  Esta última, además, es la especie tipo de Aeorestes Fitzinger 1870.  En esta contribución, a través de una reevaluación de la descripción proporcionada por Azara (1801), demostramos que el chauve-souris septième o chauve-souris brun-blanchâtre es claramente referible al subgénero Dasypterus W. Peters, 1870.  La aplicación estricta de la regla de prioridad en este caso causaría una alteración nomenclatural considerable e indeseable, incluida la necesidad de sinonimizar Nycticejus Ega Gervais, 1856 bajo Vesp[ertilio]. villosissimus É. Geoffroy St-Hilaire, 1806 y la necesidad de un nuevo nombre genérico o subgenérico para los murciélagos escarchados grises.  Por lo tanto, recomendamos la preservación del uso actual a través de la designación de un neotipo para Vesp[ertilio].  villosissimus É. Geoffroy St-Hilaire, 1806 y proponiendo una nueva especie tipo para el taxón Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870.
Perceptions and experiences of mental health support for ambulance trust employees
Authors: Johnston Sasha , Wild Jennifer , Sanderson Kristy , Kent Bridie
Published: July 2022

Background:

Mental ill health among ambulance staff is widespread. Evidence suggests that, with the right support, employees experiencing mental ill health can continue to work, symptom severity can be reduced and suicide prevented.

Aims:

To investigate ambulance staff perceptions and experiences of organisational mental health support.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey investigated work-related stressful life events and their potential psychological impact. The survey also examined staff perceptions and experiences of organisational support and acceptability of a proposed wellbeing intervention offering mandatory time to talk at work.

Findings:

A total of 540 ambulance staff responded. The majority reported having experienced work-related stressful life events (n=444; 82%). Associated psychological symptoms appeared to persist for years. Perceptions about organisational support related to support uptake. Stigma, fear and embarrassment were reported as barriers to disclosure and help-seeking. Mandatory time to talk at work would be acceptable (n=400; 74%).

Conclusion:

The association between work-related stressful events and psychological symptoms underscores the need for interventions supported at an organisation level.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate versus intravenous meperidine to prevent shivering during spinal anesthesia
Authors: Pryambodho  , Manggala Sidharta Kusuma , Sihombing Magdalena
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND Shivering is a frequent event during neuraxial anesthesia due to impaired central and peripheral thermoregulation control. Meperidine and MgSO4 are effective in lowering the shivering threshold. Hence, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of MgSO4 and meperidine to prevent shivering in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

METHODS This was a double-blind randomized clinical trial of 100 patients divided into 2 groups. One group had MgSO4 30 mg/kg, and the other group had meperidine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously in 100 ml of 0.9% NaCl before undergoing spinal anesthesia. Participants were non-pregnant patients aged 18–65 years and had physical status I or II (based on the American Society of Anesthesiologist). Shivering was considered significant if it occurred in grade 3 or 4. Patient characteristics, shivering degree, tympanic membrane temperature, and side effects were recorded.

RESULTS Shivering occurred 10% in the MgSO4 group and 19% in the meperidine group, with p = 0.23. Both groups had similar side effects of nausea, vomiting, and hypotension.

CONCLUSIONS MgSO4 30 mg/kg was not superior to meperidine 0.5 mg/kg intravenously in preventing shivering in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.
COVID‐19 impacts on abortion care‐seeking experiences in the Washington, DC, Maryland, and Virginia regions of the United States
Authors: Dozier Jessica L. , Sufrin Carolyn , Berger Blair O. , Burke Anne E. , Bell Suzanne O.
Published: July 2022

Context

Many people wanted to avoid or delay childbearing during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study sought to examine the extent COVID‐19 influenced abortion care‐seeking in a region that did not enact policy restricting abortion due to the pandemic, has high service availability, and few abortion‐restrictive policies.

Methodology

We conducted telephone surveys with adults (n=72) requesting abortion appointments between September 2020 and March 2021 at five clinics in Washington, DC, Maryland, and Virginia. We used χ2 tests to compare sociodemographic, reproductive history, service delivery characteristics, and pandemic‐related life changes by whether COVID‐19 influenced abortion care‐seeking.

Results

Most respondents (93%) had an abortion at the time of the survey, 4% were awaiting their scheduled appointment, and 3% did not have an appointment scheduled. Nearly 40% of people reported COVID‐19 influenced their decision to have an abortion. These individuals were significantly more likely to report “not financially prepared” (44% vs. 16%) as a reason for termination compared to people reporting no influence of COVID‐19. They were also more likely to have lost or changed their health insurance due to pandemic‐related employment changes (15% vs. 2%), report substantial money difficulties due to COVID‐19 (59% vs. 33%), and report that paying for their abortion was “very difficult” (25% vs. 2%).

Conclusion

COVID‐19 influenced many people to have an abortion, particularly those financially disadvantaged by the pandemic. Expansion of Medicaid abortion coverage in Washington, DC and Virginia could reduce financial barriers to care and help people to better meet their reproductive needs amid future crises.
All-optical limiter photonic crystal with two-photon absorption
Authors: Gadot Frédérique , Hamié Ramez , Guida Géraldine
Published: July 2022

We present in this paper an original theory, modeling, and numerical calculations to make an all-optical limiter based on a two-photon absorption (TPA) nonlinear 2D parallel cylinders upon a triangular geometry photonic crystal in the visible domain. The structure could be either broadband or narrowband and is quasi-invariant to the incidence angle. The parameters used for the cylinders were extracted from the literature (combination of

T
i

O

2

and nonlinear ZnO cylinders presenting TPA). This device could be useful, for instance, to protect photodetectors from an intense incident laser beam.
High-speed performance evaluation of ultra-flexible polymer waveguides supporting meter-scale optical interconnects
Authors: Shi Ying , Ma Lin , Kaneta Motoya , Xu Bingxin , Fan Xinyu , Zhuang Yudi , He Zuyuan
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate bandwidth measurement and high-speed data transmission of meter-scale connectorized ultra-flexible multimode waveguide links with a maximum length of 180 cm. The pulses propagating through the waveguides broadened linearly with the increase of the length from 20 cm to 240 cm and the estimated mode delay from the pulse broadening was 0.093 ps/cm. The corresponding waveguide bandwidth decreased inversely with the increase of waveguide length, leading to a bandwidth-length product of 42 GHz·m. Degradation in bandwidth due to the introduction of bending or twisting was small when the samples were bent with a bending radius as small as 1 mm for 3 turns or twisted for 4 full turns, respectively. Error-free transmission of 30 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal was achieved with a record link length up to 140 cm to the best of our knowledge. Our results show that the demonstrated flexible waveguides have both excellent optical and mechanical properties and are ideal for high-speed optical interconnects application especially those have a strict requirement on flexibility.
Visible, near-infrared dual-polarization lidar based on polarization cameras: system design, evaluation and atmospheric measurements
Authors: Kong Zheng , Yu Jiheng , Gong Zhenfeng , Hua Dengxin , Mei Liang
Published: July 2022

A visible, near-infrared (VIS-NIR) dual-polarization lidar technique employing laser diodes and polarization cameras has been designed and implemented for all-day unattended field measurements of atmospheric aerosols. The linear volume depolarization ratios (LVDR) and the offset angles can be retrieved from four-directional polarized backscattering signals at wavelengths of 458 nm and 808 nm without additional optical components and sophisticated system adjustments. Evaluations on the polarization crosstalk of the polarization camera and the offset angle have been performed in detail. A rotating linear polarizer (RLP) method based on the Stokes-Mueller formalism has been proposed and demonstrated for measuring extinction ratios of the polarization camera, which can be used to eliminate the polarization crosstalk between different polarization signals. The offset angles can be online measured with a precision of 0.1°, leading to negligible measurement errors on the LVDR. One-month statistical analysis revealed a small temporal variation of the offset angles, namely -0.13°±0.07° at 458 nm and 0.33°±0.09° at 808 nm, indicating good system stability for long-term measurement. Atmospheric measurements have been carried out to verify the system performance and investigate aerosol optical properties. The spectral characteristics of the aerosol extinction coefficient, the color ratio, the linear particle polarization ratio (LPDR) and the ratio of LPDR were retrieved and evaluated based on one-month continuous atmospheric measurements, from which different types of aerosols can be classified. The promising results showed great potential of employing the VIS-NIR dual-polarization lidar in characterizing aerosol optical properties, discriminating aerosol types and analyzing long-range aerosol transportation.
Lidar system with a fast scanning speed for sea fog detection
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Yang Honglong , Sun Dongsong , Qi Xin , Xian Jinhong
Published: July 2022

Sea fog changes widely and rapidly, and existing Lidar scanning speeds are insufficient to detect such changes. Therefore, we developed a Lidar system with a fast scanning speed and long detection distance. Experimental results show that at high scanning speeds, the maximum correlation between the Lidar’s visibility results and those from two forward scattering visibility meters reaches 0.9537, with a minimum relative error less than 15.31%. The results also show that the visibility of the proposed Lidar system has high accuracy when fast scanning. During the tests, the Lidar system successfully captured sea fog many times and closely tracked the changes of sea visibility, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the developed Lidar system for obtaining visibility measurements and sea fog detection.
Breathing of dissipative light bullets of nonlinear polarization mode in Kerr resonators
Authors: Gopalakrishnan S. S. , Tlidi M. , Taki M. , Panajotov K.
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the existence of breathing dissipative light bullets in a birefringent optical resonator filled with Kerr media. The propagation of light inside the cavity for each polarized component, which is coupled by cross-phase modulation, is described by the coupled Lugiato–Lefever equations. The space–time dynamics of breathing light bullets are described using Stokes parameters and frequency spectra.
Photonic integrated circuit-based fiber-optic temperature and strain sensing system
Authors: Lin Zhongjin , Shi Wei
Published: July 2022

A low-cost, multi-function fiber-optic sensing system is highly desirable for physical security monitoring. Using the silicon photonic integrated circuit technology, we propose and demonstrate a compact fiber-optic sensing system which can simultaneously measure the temperature and strain information. A key enabler of the proposed system is an on-chip optical interrogator consisting of a two-dimensional grating coupler, four microring resonators, and four on-chip photodetectors. The interrogator conveys the temperature and strain information via measuring the center wavelength of a fiber Bragg grating and the polarization state of back-reflected light through a single-mode fiber.
Fast autofocusing based on pixel difference with the Tanimoto coefficient between images
Authors: Zhou Xuyang , Xiong Pengbo , Chi Dazhao , Wen Xiu , Ji Yu , Li Yutong , Liu Shutian , Jia Dong , Liu Zhengjun
Published: July 2022

Focusing objects accurately over short time scales is an essential and
nontrivial task for a variety of microscopy applications. In this
Letter, an autofocusing algorithm using pixel difference with the
Tanimoto coefficient (PDTC) is described to predict the focus. Our
method can robustly distinguish differences in clarity among datasets.
The generated auto-focusing curves have extremely high sensitivity. A
dataset of a defocused stack acquired by an Olympus microscope
demonstrates the feasibility of our technique. This work can be
applied in full-color microscopic imaging systems and is also valid
for single-color imaging.
Critically ill COVID-19 patients with neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons have increased risk of herpesvirus disease
Authors: Busnadiego Idoia , Abela Irene A. , Frey Pascal M. , Hofmaenner Daniel A. , Scheier Thomas C. , Schuepbach Reto A. , Buehler Philipp K. , Brugger Silvio D. , Hale Benjamin G.
Published: July 2022

Autoantibodies neutralizing the antiviral action of type I interferons (IFNs) have been associated with predisposition to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we screened for such autoantibodies in 103 critically ill COVID-19 patients in a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) in Switzerland. Eleven patients (10.7%), but no healthy donors, had neutralizing anti-IFNα or anti-IFNα/anti-IFNω IgG in plasma/serum, but anti-IFN IgM or IgA was rare. One patient had non-neutralizing anti-IFNα IgG. Strikingly, all patients with plasma anti-IFNα IgG also had anti-IFNα IgG in tracheobronchial secretions, identifying these autoantibodies at anatomical sites relevant for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Longitudinal analyses revealed patient heterogeneity in terms of increasing, decreasing, or stable anti-IFN IgG levels throughout the length of hospitalization. Notably, presence of anti-IFN autoantibodies in this critically ill COVID-19 cohort appeared to predict herpesvirus disease (caused by herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1/-2) and/or cytomegalovirus (CMV)), which has been linked to worse clinical outcomes. Indeed, all 7 tested COVID-19 patients with anti-IFN IgG in our cohort (100%) suffered from one or more herpesviruses, and analysis revealed that these patients were more likely to experience CMV than COVID-19 patients without anti-IFN autoantibodies, even when adjusting for age, gender, and systemic steroid treatment (odds ratio (OR) 7.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 46.31, p = 0.036). As the IFN system deficiency caused by neutralizing anti-IFN autoantibodies likely directly and indirectly exacerbates the likelihood of latent herpesvirus reactivations in critically ill patients, early diagnosis of anti-IFN IgG could be rapidly used to inform risk-group stratification and treatment options.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04410263.
Stimulus presentation can enhance spiking irregularity across subcortical and cortical regions
Authors: Fayaz Saleh , Fakharian Mohammad Amin , Ghazizadeh Ali
Published: July 2022

Stimulus presentation is believed to quench neural response variability as measured by fano-factor (FF). However, the relative contributions of within-trial spike irregularity and trial-to-trial rate variability to FF fluctuations have remained elusive. Here, we introduce a principled approach for accurate estimation of spiking irregularity and rate variability in time for doubly stochastic point processes. Consistent with previous evidence, analysis showed stimulus-induced reduction in rate variability across multiple cortical and subcortical areas. However, unlike what was previously thought, spiking irregularity, was not constant in time but could be enhanced due to factors such as bursting abating the quench in the post-stimulus FF. Simulations confirmed plausibility of a time varying spiking irregularity arising from within and between pool correlations of excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs. By accurate parsing of neural variability, our approach reveals previously unnoticed changes in neural response variability and constrains candidate mechanisms that give rise to observed rate variability and spiking irregularity within brain regions.
Facility-based disease surveillance and Bayesian hierarchical modeling to estimate endemic typhoid fever incidence, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania, 2007–2018
Authors: Cutting Elena R. , Simmons Ryan A. , Madut Deng B. , Maze Michael J. , Kalengo Nathaniel H. , Carugati Manuela , Mbwasi Ronald M. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Lyamuya Furaha , Marandu Annette , Mosha Calvin , Saganda Wilbrod , Lwezaula Bingileki F. , Hertz Julian T. , Morrissey Anne B. , Turner Elizabeth L. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Kinabo Grace D. , Maro Venance P. , Crump John A. , Rubach Matthew P.
Published: July 2022

Growing evidence suggests considerable variation in endemic typhoid fever incidence at some locations over time, yet few settings have multi-year incidence estimates to inform typhoid control measures. We sought to describe a decade of typhoid fever incidence in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. Cases of blood culture confirmed typhoid were identified among febrile patients at two sentinel hospitals during three study periods: 2007–08, 2011–14, and 2016–18. To account for under-ascertainment at sentinel facilities, we derived adjustment multipliers from healthcare utilization surveys done in the hospital catchment area. Incidence estimates and credible intervals (CrI) were derived using a Bayesian hierarchical incidence model that incorporated uncertainty of our observed typhoid fever prevalence, of healthcare seeking adjustment multipliers, and of blood culture diagnostic sensitivity. Among 3,556 total participants, 50 typhoid fever cases were identified. Of typhoid cases, 26 (52%) were male and the median (range) age was 22 (<1–60) years; 4 (8%) were aged <5 years and 10 (20%) were aged 5 to 14 years. Annual typhoid fever incidence was estimated as 61.5 (95% CrI 14.9–181.9), 6.5 (95% CrI 1.4–20.4), and 4.0 (95% CrI 0.6–13.9) per 100,000 persons in 2007–08, 2011–14, and 2016–18, respectively. There were no deaths among typhoid cases. We estimated moderate typhoid incidence (≥10 per 100 000) in 2007–08 and low (<10 per 100 000) incidence during later surveillance periods, but with overlapping credible intervals across study periods. Although consistent with falling typhoid incidence, we interpret this as showing substantial variation over the study periods. Given potential variation, multi-year surveillance may be warranted in locations making decisions about typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction and other control measures.
Elite sport hubs during COVID-19: The job demands and resources that exist for athletes
Authors: Marshall Samantha , McNeil Nicola , Seal Emma Louise , Nicholson Matthew
Published: July 2022

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, elite sport leagues implemented hubs, or ‘bubbles’, which restricted athletes’ movements and social interactions in order to minimise the risk of athlete infection and allow competitions to continue. This was a new way of working and living for elite athletes and there was a dearth of literature on this topic. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impacts of the hub model on athletes over time, and what job demands and resources existed for athletes through the application of Demerouti et al. (2001) Job Demands-Resources Model. Multiple sequential semi-structured interviews were conducted with Women’s National Basketball League (WNBL) athletes during the 2020 season, which was held entirely in a hub in North Queensland, Australia. The key job demands in an elite sport hub identified were the volume of work, simultaneous overload and underload, and nature of work in the hub. The key resources that emerged include recovery services, control and player agency, and constructive social relations. Despite the presence of job resources, which work to counteract, or buffer job demands in order to reduce work stress and improve motivation, they were found to be insufficient for athletes and inequitably distributed between clubs. The intensity of the hub model also amplified demands present in all WNBL seasons. This research is therefore useful for planning of future elite sport leagues to improve the type and amount of resources available to athletes, thereby improving athlete wellbeing and performance both within and outside a hub model.
Effectiveness of a motivated, action-based intervention on improving physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy and cardiovascular risk factors of patients with coronary heart disease in Sri Lanka: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Karthijekan Karthikesu , Cheng Ho Yu
Published: July 2022

Background

Coronary heart disease (CHD), is the major contributor to cardiac-associated mortality worldwide. Lifestyle modification, including physical activity, is highly recommended for secondary prevention for patients with CHD. However, many people in Sri Lanka with CHD do not engage in adequate physical activity.

Objective

To develop a culture-specific, motivated, and action-based intervention and examine its effects on physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy, and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with CHD.

Methods and materials

This is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial that will recruit 150 patients with CHD from the inpatients cardiac unit of a hospital in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, and will randomly assign them either to the intervention group or the control group. The participants in the intervention group will receive a culture-specific and motivated, action-based intervention in addition to the usual care, while participants in the control will only receive the usual care. The intervention consists of a face-to-face preparatory session and 12-week motivated, action-based sessions which were developed based on the health action process approach (HAPA) framework. The face-to-face preparatory session will identify the health needs of the participants, develop a goal-oriented patient-centered action plan, and provide knowledge and an overview of the program. The 12-week motivated, action-based sessions consist of three monthly group education and center-based group exercises, followed by three 20-min individualized telephone follow-ups. Outcomes will be assessed immediately after the intervention and at one-month post-intervention.

Discussion

This protocol proposes a supervised centered-based group exercise with group education, and individualized telephone follow-ups guided by the HAPA framework to improve the physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy, and cardiovascular risk factors of patients with CHD. Results from this study will inform the effectiveness of a motivated, action-based intervention in a low-resource setting and provide information on the feasibility, barriers, and facilitators for lifestyle modification in Sri Lanka.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrial.gov.org PRS: NCT05051774; Date of registration: September 21, 2021.
Smokeless tobacco use and oral potentially malignant disorders among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Pune, India: Implications for oral cancer screening in PLHIV
Authors: Marbaniang Ivan , Joshi Samir , Sangle Shashikala , Khaire Samir , Thakur Rahul , Chavan Amol , Gupte Nikhil , Kulkarni Vandana , Deshpande Prasad , Nimkar Smita , Mave Vidya
Published: July 2022

Introduction

In India, smokeless tobacco (SLT) is a predominant form of tobacco used among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite SLT being a risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), no prior studies have quantified the association of OPMDs with SLT use among PLHIV. This limits the planning of preventive and control strategies for oral cancer among PLHIV, who are at higher risk for the disease.

Methods

We enrolled 601 PLHIV and 633 HIV-uninfected individuals in an oral cancer screening study at BJ Government Medical College, Pune, India. Oral cavity images were collected using an m-Health application and reviewed by three clinicians. Participants with two clinician positive diagnoses were deemed to have suspected OPMDs. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to quantify the association between suspected OPMDs and SLT use among PLHIV. PRs for current SLT users, across HIV status and use duration were also estimated. Corrected PRs were obtained by modifying the maximum likelihood estimation. Models were adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol use and CD4 counts.

Results

Of those enrolled, 61% were men, median age was 36 years (IQR: 28–44), and 33% currently use SLT. Proportion of current SLT users was similar across PLHIV and HIV-uninfected groups but use duration for current SLT use was higher among PLHIV(p<0.05). Among PLHIV, current SLT users had a 5-times (95% CI:3.1–7.0) higher prevalence of suspected OPMDs, compared to non-users. Relative to HIV uninfected individuals with the same SLT use duration, significant associations with suspected OPMDs were seen for PLHIV with<10 use years (PR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.5–8.1) but not for PLHIV with≥10 use years (PR: 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9–1.8).

Conclusion

PLHIV that are current SLT users are at high risk of OPMDs and potentially oral cancer. The development of strategies for screening, early detection, and management of OPMDs must be considered for this group.
Development of a next-generation chikungunya virus vaccine based on the HydroVax platform
Authors: Slifka Dawn K. , Raué Hans-Peter , Weber Whitney C. , Andoh Takeshi F. , Kreklywich Craig N. , DeFilippis Victor R. , Streblow Daniel N. , Slifka Mark K. , Amanna Ian J.
Published: July 2022

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging/re-emerging mosquito-borne pathogen responsible for explosive epidemics of febrile illness characterized by debilitating polyarthralgia and the risk of lethal infection among the most severe cases. Despite the public health risk posed by CHIKV, no vaccine is currently available. Using a site-directed hydrogen peroxide-based inactivation approach, we developed a new CHIKV vaccine, HydroVax-CHIKV. This vaccine technology was compared to other common virus inactivation approaches including β-propiolactone (BPL), formaldehyde, heat, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Heat, UV, and BPL were efficient at inactivating CHIKV-181/25 but caused substantial damage to neutralizing epitopes and failed to induce high-titer neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice. HydroVax-CHIKV and formaldehyde-inactivated CHIKV retained intact neutralizing epitopes similar to live virus controls but the HydroVax-CHIKV approach demonstrated a more rapid rate of virus inactivation. HydroVax-CHIKV vaccination induced high neutralizing responses to homologous and heterologous CHIKV clades as well as to other alphaviruses including Mayaro virus, O’nyong’nyong virus, and Una virus. Following heterologous infection with CHIKV-SL15649, HydroVax-CHIKV-immunized mice were protected against viremia, CHIKV-associated arthritic disease, and lethal CHIKV infection by an antibody-dependent mechanism. In contrast, animals vaccinated with Heat- or UV-inactivated virus showed no protection against viremia in addition to demonstrating significantly exacerbated CD4+T cell-mediated footpad swelling after CHIKV infection. Together, these results demonstrate the risks associated with using suboptimal inactivation methods that fail to elicit protective neutralizing antibody responses and show that HydroVax-CHIKV represents a promising new vaccine candidate for prevention of CHIKV-associated disease.
Innováció, inspiráció és jó gyakorlatok könyvtárosoknak
Authors: Holczer Szilvia
Published: July 2022

Luzsi Margó – Komló-Szabó Ágnes : Élménykönyvtár: innováció, inspiráció, jó gyakorlatok könyvtárosoknak. Eger : Bródy Sándor Megyei és Városi Könyvtár, 2022. 243 p. : ill. ; 21 cm
A művészet a digitális térbe költözik
Authors: Szirmai Éva
Published: July 2022

A digitális technikák és az online tér biztosította lehetőségek felhasználása a kulturális-kreatív szektorban a 21. század második évtizedében jelentősen átalakította mind az alkotási, befogadási folyamatot, mind a kultúraközvetítés platformjait. A COVID-helyzet különösen jelentőssé tette a digitális és/vagy online művészet eszköztárának alkalmazását, ugyanakkor ennek művészetelméleti megközelítése még várat magára. Tanulmányomban azt vizsgálom, hogy a pandémia idején megjelent művészetközvetítési módok milyen forrásokból táplálkoztak, illetve, hogy melyek azok, amelyek feltehetően a továbbiakban is meghatározzák az alkotók és a közönség közötti viszonyt.
How located can we be? About situated curatorial practices in Mediterranean Europe
Authors: Checchia Viviana
Published: July 2022

This article invites art workers to critically reassess the long-term effects of their practice on cultural and epistemological development in Europe. It addresses the capacity of curatorial practices to cultivate local epistemologies and encourages a fundamental role for these practices in deconstructing current hegemonies within the art system. The article approaches curatorial practices from positions other than North-Western European, and advocates for a situated model of curatorial practice. In doing so, it sets out to challenge existing definitions of ‘the curatorial’, adopting a multidisciplinary understanding of curatorial practice, while evaluating curatorial methods in light of contemporary geopolitical developments.
Abordaje del COVID-19 por la psicología científica en Colombia.
Authors: Reyes Rivera María Juliana , Cabrera Vallejo Carlos Esteban , López López Wilson
Published: July 2022

La pandemia Covid-19 ha traído innumerables retos a las diferentes sociedades del
mundo, las cuales han recurrido a diversas disciplinas, como la psicología, en busca de
respuestas sobre las implicaciones que puede traer la pandemia en el bienestar, y la
forma de actuar ante estas. Así, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una
revisión sobre las diferentes investigaciones y otros productos de conocimiento desde
la psicología colombiana en relación con la contingencia de la pandemia por COVID-19.
Para esto, en un primer momento se realizó una revisión de alcance de las investigaciones
colombianas al respecto, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, y consultando las bases de
datos de Web Of Science, Scopus, Scielo y PubMed; en total se revisaron 13 artículos que
cumplían con los criterios de selección. Asimismo, se realizó una segunda revisión de
las principales publicaciones en las páginas oficiales de la Asociación Colombiana de
Facultades de Psicología (ASCOFAPSI) y el Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (COLPSIC),
consultando 15 productos de divulgación en diversos formatos. Se encontró que las
principales áreas de indagación e intervención psicológicas en el contexto de pandemia
son variadas, correspondiendo en su mayoría al área de salud mental y afecciones en
esta, lo cual se analiza con el contexto colombiano.
IT-Organisation in Hochschulen und ihren Bibliotheken
Authors: Kostädt Peter
Published: July 2022

Die große Bedeutung der Informationstechnologie für die Wissenschaftsdisziplinen und die zentralen Infrastruktureinrichtungen der Hochschulen steht heutzutage außer Frage. Der Beitrag liefert einen historischen Überblick über die Einführung und Weiterentwicklung der IT in deutschen Hochschulen von den 1950er-Jahren bis heute, wobei der Fokus auf den Bibliotheken und Rechenzentren liegt. Es zeigt sich, dass die verschiedenen Phasen der Technologieentwicklung zu heterogenen IT-Organisationsstrukturen in den Hochschulen geführt haben. DFG und HRK empfehlen daher seit 20 Jahren die Klärung der Verantwortlichkeiten im Rahmen einer IT-Governance sowie die Implementierung eines CIO-Modells. Wie verschiedene Studien zeigen, ist die Umsetzung in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft bislang jedoch nur in Teilen gelungen. Die Herausforderung an vielen Hochschulen besteht nach wie vor darin, die IT-Organisation aus ihrer reaktiven Rolle zu befreien und zu einem aktiven Treiber der digitalen Transformation umzubauen.
Digitalisierung und Digitale Bibliotheken – 25 Jahre Digitalisierung im Kontext der Deutschen Universitätsbibliotheken
Authors: Klaproth Frank
Published: July 2022

Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Einblick in die Entwicklungsphasen der Digitalisierung deutscher Universitätsbibliotheken und stellt dabei auch die Einflüsse primär technischer Disziplinen auf die Gestaltung von Digitalen Bibliotheken dar.
Corrosion monitoring techniques for concrete in corrosive environments
Authors: Pagadala Manjunath , Mundra Sanjay , Bansal Shivang
Published: July 2022

Replacing or servicing corroded reinforced concrete structures requires careful consideration of the rate of corrosion of the embedded rebar. Corrosion rates are usually measured using monitoring techniques, but these techniques may not always give reliable results due to the effect of factors called rate influencers. Though the consideration of rate influencers does not entirely alleviate the problem, monitoring them during measurements will significantly reduce the probable error. Hence, this paper compares the experimental results of prior studies with an effort to draw out the best corrosive environment for the efficient working of a few widely used monitoring techniques and presents a list of some major rate influencers that need concern for the accurate evaluation of corrosion. A literature review is performed to achieve the above objectives. The Monitoring techniques considered in this study are linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic pulse technique (GPT), and half-cell potential (HCP).
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-benzylidene-4-nitrobenzohydrazide – methanol (1/1), C15H15N3O4
Authors: Deng Xin , Zhang Zhijian
Published: July 2022

C15H15N3O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.5787(12) Å, b = 6.5393(5) Å, c = 16.3645(14) Å, β = 94.598(8)°, V = 1448.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0465, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1106, T = 149.99(10) K.
The crystal structure of 2-chloro-N-((2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)nicotinamide, C13H9Cl2N3O2
Authors: Zhu Jian-Liang , Liu Xing-Hai
Published: July 2022

C13H9Cl2N3O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.918(2) Å, b = 12.766(3) Å, c = 13.767(4) Å, β = 103.413(9)°, V = 1353.6(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0382, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1019, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(adamantan-1-yl)-5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, C18H18N4O5
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Blacque Olivier , Tiekink Edward R. T. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: July 2022

C18H18N4O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.7553(8) Å, b = 6.4876(4) Å, c = 22.3442(15) Å, β = 91.263(7)°, V = 1703.64(19) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0531, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1376, T = 160 K.
Crystal structure of 4-ethyl-2-{[(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]sulfanyl}-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, C14H12N4O3S
Authors: El-Emam Ali A. , Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Blacque Olivier , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: July 2022

C14H12N4O3S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.2777(3) Å, b = 9.4312(2) Å, c = 12.9412(2) Å, β = 107.945(2)°, V = 1425.61(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0305, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0837, T = 160 K.
How the body rules the nose
Authors: Cichy Annika
Published: July 2022

In order to survive, an organism has to adapt its behavioral actions to the current context by carefully balancing sensory input with physiological state and need. This challenge becomes particularly apparent for olfactory stimuli (volatile chemicals), which can signal not only food sources, mating partners, and offspring, but also pathogens, competitors, and predators. To achieve this difficult task, information processing in the olfactory system is strongly modulated by internal state (for example, metabolic or endocrine), environmental context, and previous experience. This article provides an overview how different internal states impact olfactory processing and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. It starts with a brief excurse on a leading model to study olfaction—Mus musculus—and concludes with implications for human health and disease.
Nanozymes – A route to overcome microbial resistance: A viewpoint
Authors: Saleem Gulnaz , Chen Xia , Gu Ruixia , Qasim Muhammad , Usama Muhammad , Rajput Nimra
Published: July 2022

The bactericide is one of the major objective consequences related to healthcare in the world. Natural enzymes have been broadly utilized in various applications such as biomedical areas due to their broad catalytic activities and substrate particularity. While anticipating, it has drawbacks like higher cost, low stability, and troubles in reprocessing. Additionally, artificial enzymes (nanozymes) have favors above natural enzymes, for example, the effortless yield on a big scale, low costs, and high stability in coarse surrounds. The amount of antibiotic repellent microorganisms has activated big concern in the growth of stuff with essential bactericide potentials such as metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, cationic polymeric compounds, graphene oxide, and other carbon materials that can be used as antibacterial agents by altering cell morphology. In this report, we have summarized catalytic antibacterial strategies by natural enzymes, artificial enzymes, or photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the demands and hereafter contents about catalytic antibacterial strategies are supposed in this report.
Recent progress on the morphology and thermal cycle of phase change materials (PCMs)/conductive filler composites: a mini review
Authors: Kaleni Andiswa , Lebelo Kgomotso , Mochane Mokgaotsa Jonas , Mokhena Teboho Clement , Motloung Mary Tholwana
Published: July 2022

The current society is experiencing serious problems in terms of energy and environmental pollution. Environmentally friendly and renewable sources such as phase change materials have been employed as a reliable and effective source of energy storage. Phase change materials (PCMs) are known to absorb or release sizeable amount of energy during melting and solidification process. PCMs have been employed in both thermal protection and energy storage systems, more in active as well as passive cooling applications. However, PCMs are associated with low thermal conductivity, which hinders the process of heat rate exchange during the melting/solidification cycles. To improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs, various conductive fillers have been incorporated to such systems. Thermal cycle test is done to verify the stability of PCMs in thermal energy storage systems. This review emphasizes on the morphology, preparation methods and thermal cycle of various types of PCMs in the presence of conductive filler. Furthermore, the bibliometric analysis based on key research areas, top ten leading countries, and citations by country on phase change materials for energy storage research are reported in this review paper. The bibliometric analysis shows the dominance of the People’s Republic of China on PCMs for energy storage research.
Moomins and Complicity with Matter: Tove Jansson’s Moominpappa at Sea as an Intervention in Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things by Jane Bennett
Authors: Meereboer Arwen Dagmar
Published: July 2022

As humans we are constantly engaging not only with other humans but with plants, animals, and matter. This article examines the way we view our engagement with the materiality of the world around us, by looking at the work of philosopher Jane Bennet on vibrant materiality and author Tove Jansson. Bennet presents an argument that matter can be analysed as active and vibrant. While Western philosophers are used to viewing matter as passive and dead, seeing it as active makes space for different engagement with matter. One of the ways we can start engaging with matter, once we stop thinking of it as passive and dead, is through the lens of ethics. Jansson in her children’s book Moominpappa at Sea shows a possibility for looking at the material world through this ethical lens. This article will put these works in conversation by reading both as philosophical works that have nuanced engagement with the topic of how we can be in community with the things that surround us. Jansson’s work provides a helpful addition to Vibrant Matter by showing how we are inextricably entangled in harm, and providing a possible way to live with this reality.
Discontinuous reduplication: a typological sketch
Authors: Mattiola Simone , Masini Francesca
Published: July 2022

The paper investigates discontinuous reduplication (DR), a pattern where reduplicant and base are separated by other material, by annotating a 214-example dataset collected from a 99-language sample. Several items turned out to serve as interposing elements, although their nature does not seem to correlate with function, unlike the category of the base. DR’s functions are a subset of those associated with reduplication cross-linguistically. All languages displaying DR also present contiguous reduplication, suggesting acontiguous reduplication > discontinuous reduplicationhierarchy. Finally, a corpus-based analysis of Italian (lacking DR according to grammars) unveiled a wealth of DR patterns, suggesting that corpora are essential for the typological enterprise.
U początków uczniowskiej samorządności – gminy szkolne w autonomicznej Galicji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Stinia Maria
Published: July 2022

Pedagogical novelties reached the territory of Galicia through the press and Austrian teachers’ congresses. Among these new educational ideas was also the issue of student self-management. The concept of school communes, understood as a form of student self-government, reached Galicia from the United States. This idea of a school self-government applied in the so-called „school cities” or „school state” allowed students to decide about themselves, their class and school. In Galicia, the first school communes were established in the years 1910–1911 in middle schools in Przemyśl, Lviv, and Wadowice. They placed emphasis on shaping conscious citizens and preparing people to fulfill various roles in society. They were of great educational importance, preventing school problems.
Diagnostics of the level of formation of structural components of productive experience in younger children school age
Authors:   Mordovian State Pedagogical University, Neyasova Irina Aleksandrovna , Serikova Larisa Aleksandrovna ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University, Gorshenina Svetlana Nikolaevna ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University, Buyanova Irina Borisovna ,   Mordovian State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the initial level of formation of structural components (motivational, cognitive, activity, reflexive) of productive experience in primary school children. The meaningful productive experience of primary school children is expressed in a value attitude to productive activities, in showing interest in various types of productive activities, knowledge of the types of materials, their properties and features of their practical application, the ability to qualitatively perform elementary operations and techniques for making simple products, the manifestation of creative activity, the ability to evaluate the result and personal contribution to the the task. In the course of the study, groups of younger schoolchildren with high, medium and low levels of formation of structural components of productive experience were identified. The results of the study indicate that a fairly large group consists of younger schoolchildren who have low indicators of the cognitive component, a weak degree of interest in productive activities, lack of independence in performing the proposed tasks; instability of volitional aspirations; showing significant difficulties in the orientation of the task, in choosing the goal of the upcoming activity, not able to plan the sequence of their actions.