bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of White Rot Fungi in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Latif Waqas , Ciniglia Claudia , Iovinella Manuela , Shafiq Muhammad , Papa Stefania
Published: July 2023

White Rot Fungi (WRF) are a class of microorganisms widely understood for their ability to breakdown an extensive range of pollutants generally found in industrial wastewater. This specific literature review centers on the abilities of the White Rot Fungi to treat industrial wastewater, analysis of the biodegradation mechanism, future applications, and scaling up for practical implementation. WRF usually carry out the degradation process with ligninolytic enzyme by targeting complex industrial pollutants, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and products of personal care. The unique enzymatic system of WRF converts the complex and harmful industrial pollutants into harmless end and byproducts, thus minimizing the impact on the environment and ecosystem. This review paper also discusses the potential applications of WRF, such as bioremediation, biosorption, and co-culturing with bacteria to enhance the pollutants removal efficiency of already functional wastewater treatment plants. However, there are still challenges in scaling up WRF-based treatment facilities due to factors such as the optimization of conditions and processes of already functional conventional wastewater treatment plants, cost effectiveness, and design modifications of treatment facilities. Conclusively, WRF fungi can play an important role in degrading complex organic and inorganic pollutants specifically, which are not usually treated by conventional wastewater treatment plants.
Characteristic Analysis and Decision Model of Lane-Changing Game for Intelligent Connected Vehicles
Authors: Qu Dayi , Dai Shouchen , Li Aodi , Chen Yicheng , Wei Chuanbao
Published: July 2023

To study the lane-change interaction characteristics of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) and reduce the risk of vehicle lane-changing decisions, a decision model based on the lane-changing game characteristics of the ICV is proposed in this paper. In the modeling process, the characteristics of vehicle lane-changing interaction behavior are analyzed based on evolutionary game theory and the vehicle game lane-changing payoff functions are quantified. The stability of the game equilibrium points is analyzed by using a dynamic evolution equation, and sensitivity analysis of the main factors affecting vehicle lane changes and the time to the collision of vehicles is conducted. The SUMO software is used to simulate and verify the vehicle game decision model, and the results show that the game decision system converges to different optimal strategy combinations under different traffic conditions, and this model can effectively reduce the decision-making conflict and the collision risk of vehicles.
Effect of Drought on the Future Sugar Content of Wine Grape Varieties till 2100: Possible Adaptation in the Hungarian Eger Wine Region
Authors: Lakatos László , Mitre Zoltán
Published: July 2023

The most significant risk for viticulture is that the sugar content of the grapes will increase in the future due to rising temperatures. As a result, it will be possible to produce wines with increasing alcohol content in the future. Excessively high alcohol content can significantly reduce the wines’ marketability and viticulture’s profitability. Our study seeks to answer how the expected drought in the Southern and Central regions of Europe will affect the future change in the sugar content of grapes. The degree of dryness was examined using the dryness index in the study. Finally, it was analyzed how the dryness index affects the past and future occurrence of maximum sugar content for six grape varieties. The probability of the occurrence of maximum sugar content for most vine grape varieties will decrease in the near future. However, in the distant future, there is a likelihood that the occurrence of maximum sugar content will increase again. If we can maintain the DI ≥ −10 condition with regulated deficit irrigation, the probability of the occurrence of maximum sugar content may decrease significantly in the near future. Ensuring moderate dryness is the only way to achieve the proper sugar content.
Adaptive Gamification in Science Education: An Analysis of the Impact of Implementation and Adapted Game Elements on Students’ Motivation
Authors: Zourmpakis Alkinoos-Ioannis , Kalogiannakis Michail , Papadakis Stamatios
Published: July 2023

In recent years, gamification has captured the attention of researchers and educators, particularly in science education, where students often express negative emotions. Gamification methods aim to motivate learners to participate in learning by incorporating intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. However, the effectiveness of gamification has yielded varying outcomes, prompting researchers to explore adaptive gamification as an alternative approach. Nevertheless, there needs to be more research on adaptive gamification approaches, particularly concerning motivation, which is the primary objective of gamification. In this study, we developed and tested an adaptive gamification environment based on specific motivational and psychological frameworks. This environment incorporated adaptive criteria, learning strategies, gaming elements, and all crucial aspects of science education for six classes of third-grade students in primary school. We employed a quantitative approach to gain insights into the motivational impact on students and their perception of the adaptive gamification application. We aimed to understand how each game element experienced by students influenced their motivation. Based on our findings, students were more motivated to learn science when using an adaptive gamification environment. Additionally, the adaptation process was largely successful, as students generally liked the game elements integrated into their lessons, indicating the effectiveness of the multidimensional framework employed in enhancing students’ experiences and engagement.
Evaluation of Hepatic/Renal and Splenic/Renal Echointensity Ratio Using Ultrasonography in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Kalfaoglu Melike Elif
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to assess the hepatic/renal and splenic/renal echointensity ratios in ultrasonography in patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. This retrospective study included patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent ultrasound examinations at our hospital between January 2023 and May 2023. Ultrasound examinations were conducted using renal cortical echogenicity and corticomedullary differentiation by using B-mode ultrasonography. The hepatic/renal and splenic/renal echo intensity ratios were compared among study groups (diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and without nephropathy). The diabetic nephropathy group exhibited significantly higher right renal echointensity and left renal echointensity compared to the non-nephropathic group. Additionally, the splenic/renal echointensity ratio and hepatic/renal echointensity ratio were significantly lower in the diabetic nephropathy group. Urinary microalbumin levels were significantly correlated with right renal echointensity (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and left renal echointensity (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). There was also a significant inverse correlation between the urinary albumin and splenic/renal echointensity ratio (r = −0.58, p < 0.001). Ultrasonography, specifically the assessment of hepatic/renal and splenic/renal echointensity ratios, shows promise as a noninvasive and cost-effective method for evaluating morphological changes in the kidneys in patients with diabetic nephropathy. These findings suggest that ultrasonography can be a valuable tool for monitoring the progression of diabetic nephropathy and contributing to its early detection and management.
The Use of Diode Low-Power Laser Therapy before In-Office Bleaching to Prevent Bleaching-Induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Clinical Double-Blind Randomized Study
Authors: Femiano Felice , Femiano Rossella , Scotti Nicola , Nucci Ludovica , Lo Giudice Antonino , Grassia Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) use before in-office bleaching to prevent an increase in the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity. Methods: Thirty patients were selected. Before bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide, the participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. Test group: the patients’ teeth were subjected to a preliminary LLLT procedure by an 810 nm diode laser with 0.5 W for 30 s for an energy density of 15 J/cm2 and a group placebo. All patients were instructed to report their cold sensitivity experiences immediately, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h after the end of bleaching via a VAS score. Results: The results obtained show an increase in VAS values for both groups (290 and 490 vs. 224 and 234 of baseline time of test and placebo group, respectively); afterward, the VAS value seemingly decreases at 1 h after the end of bleaching, approaching the baseline VAS for the test group (274) in comparison to the placebo group. Conclusions: The use of preliminary diode LLLT could represent a valid possibility to reduce the occurrence of tooth sensitivity post-whitening and shorten recovery time in cases where tooth sensitivity occurs.
A Soft-Start-Based Method for Active Suppression of Magnetizing Inrush Current in Transformers
Authors: Li Chunyan , Yang Yi , Li Wenyan , Li Haixiao
Published: July 2023

The occurrence of high-amplitude magnetizing inrush current during the energization of a transformer without load poses significant challenges to the stable operation of both the transformer and the power grid, potentially leading to malfunctions in relay protection devices. This paper analyzes the underlying mechanisms of transformer inrush current and presents a novel approach utilizing a soft-start-based method for effectively suppressing inrush currents. The proposed method employs an inrush current suppressor comprising anti-parallel thyristors and filters to mitigate the adverse effects caused by the inrush current. A comparative study is conducted to evaluate the filtering efficacy of three types of filters incorporated in the inrush current suppressor: an LCLC damping filter, a high-order single trap filter and a high-order double trap filter. Through careful analysis and optimization, the high-order double trap filter with parallel RC damping damper is selected as the optimal configuration. To ensure effective suppression, it is necessary to incorporate a filter at the termination point of the anti-parallel thyristor. Additionally, a closed-loop control strategy is implemented to ensure a smooth start and actively suppress the magnetizing inrush current. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, comprehensive simulations are performed using Matlab/Simulink. The results demonstrate the successful suppression of inrush current and the maintenance of stable operation for the transformer. This inrush suppression method does not require considering the influence of residual magnetism and the grounding mode of the transformer’s neutral point. It is also suitable for various transformer structures and wiring methods, which makes it highly applicable.
Proposals for Updated EMC Standards and Requirements (9–500 kHz) for DC Microgrids and New Compliance Verification Methods
Authors: Wang Da , Weyen Dominique , Van Tichelen Paul
Published: July 2023

This paper is aimed at making new proposals for developing future Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards tailored to DC microgrids in a frequency range between 9 and 500 kHz. In particular, new EMC proposals are made to reduce Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) with arc hazard detection and narrowband power line communication (PLC). To achieve this, first, arc detection requirements, PLC standards and existing EMC standards are reviewed. Next, new proposals are made to specify EMC requirements for equipment in DC microgrids in terms of conducted emission, immunity (9–500 kHz) and minimum impedance requirement (>40 kHz). The minimum impedance requirement is a new type of requirement and the relevant compliance testing method is developed. The new EMC proposals also distribute frequency bands to support arc detection and narrowband PLC. Then, to show the feasibility and advantage of proposed EMC codes, this paper develops a new arc detection method, which relies on only measuring the arc noise voltage (40–100 kHz) in a single point of the grid and does not need one or more current measurements. A total of three test cases are presented to show the feasibility of the arc detection method and the significance of having an EMC minimum impedance requirement. The executed tests for this paper also show that new EMC proposals are feasible and promising for DC microgrids. This concept and approach are the major novelties of this paper. The specific EMC threshold levels for conducted noise, immunity, and impedance within a frequency range between 9 and 500 kHz will need to be further fine-tuned based on the microgrid application parameters and further gathering of experimental data.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) for Seaweed Conservation: Impact on Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Activity
Authors: Moreira-Leite Bruno , Antunes Rafael , Cotas João , Martins Nuno , Costa Nuno , Noronha João P. , Mata Paulina , Diniz Mário
Published: July 2023

Conventional conservation techniques such as drying, salting or freezing do not allow for preserving the original characteristics of seaweeds. The present work aims to study the impact of minimal processing, in particular “Modified Atmosphere Packaging” (MAP), on the physicochemical characteristics and food safety of two seaweed species, “laver” (Porphyra umbilicalis) and “sea-lettuce” (Ulva lactuca), stored at 6 °C for 15 days. Different parameters were evaluated using analytical methods, namely the composition of headspace gases, color, texture, microorganisms, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main findings of this study were that the MAP treatment was able to inhibit the respiration rate of minimally processed seaweeds, also preserving their color and texture. There was a remarkable reduction in the microbial load for P. umbilicalis treated under modified and vacuum atmospheres, and U. lactuca exhibited relatively steady values with no notable differences between the treatments and the control. Therefore, during the 15-day study period, both seaweeds met the requirements for food safety. GC–TOF-MS allowed to conclude that both MAP and vacuum treatments were more efficient in maintaining the odor characteristics of U. lactuca compared to P. umbilicalis with no significant differences throughout the storage days. Metabolic responses to diverse sources of abiotic stress seemed to account for most of the changes observed.
Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Patient Survival in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Kang Seok Hui , Kim Gui Ok , Kim Bo Yeon , Son Eun Jung , Do Jun Young
Published: July 2023

Data to draw definite conclusions regarding the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) remain insufficient. The object of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of PPIs on patient survival within a substantial cohort of individuals receiving maintenance HD. To achieve this, the study employed laboratory and clinical data sourced from the 4th, 5th, and 6th National HD Quality Assessment Programs. The programs included patients undergoing maintenance HD (n = 54,903). Based on the PPI prescription data collected over the 6-month HD quality assessment, the patients were categorized into three groups: Group 1, comprising individuals with not prescription; Group 2, consisting of patients prescribed PPIs for less than 90 days; and Group 3, comprising patients prescribed PPIs for 90 days or more. The respective number of patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3 was 43,059 (78.4%), 5065 (9.2%), and 6779 (12.3%), respectively. Among the study groups, the 5-year survival rates were as follows: Group 1—70.0%, Group 2—68.4%, and Group 3—63.0%. The hazard ratio for Group 3 was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15; p < 0.001) and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.18; p = 0.007) compared to Groups 1 or 2 based on multivariable analysis. Multivariable analyses revealed a lower rate of patient survival in Group 3 compared to the other groups, while Groups 1 and 2 exhibited similar patient survival rates. Our study revealed a significant association between long-term PPI usage and increased mortality among patients undergoing HD. However, distinct trends were observed in subgroup analyses. The association between long-term PPI usage and mortality was prominent in patients who did not have a high gastrointestinal burden or comorbidities. Meanwhile, this association was not observed in patients who did have a high gastrointestinal burden or comorbidities.
Significance of Umbilical Cord Leptin Profile during Pregnancy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roca-Rodríguez María del Mar , Ramos-García Pablo , López-Tinoco Cristina , Aguilar-Diosdado Manuel
Published: July 2023

Background: The literature provides limited evidence of cord blood leptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with contradictory and inconsistent results with respect to their possible implications for maternal, perinatal, and future complications. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in order to investigate the state of evidence on the association of leptin profile in cord blood during perinatal complications in GDM. We critically assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were performed, and heterogeneity and publication bias were analyzed. Results: sixteen primary-level studies were included, recruiting 573 GDM and 1118 control pregnant women. Cord blood leptin levels were significantly higher in GDM participants compared to controls (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.59, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.37 to 0.80, p < 0.001). All subgroups also maintained significant differences stratified by continents (Asia: SMD = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.37, p < 0.001; Europe: SMD = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.56, p < 0.001), analysis technique (ELISA: SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.97, p < 0.001; RIA: SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.49, p = 0.002), and sample source (plasma: SMD = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.33 to 1.09, p < 0.001; serum: SMD = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.77, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Cord blood leptin levels were significantly higher in GDM compared to controls. Further research is needed to clarify its role as a predictive biomarker of subsequent metabolic diseases in mothers with GDM and offspring.
Olfactory Dysfunction following COVID-19 and the Potential Benefits of Olfactory Training
Authors: Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Aldrweesh Abdulrahman Khalid , Aldoughan Alghaydaa Fouad , Alarfaj Sumaia Mohammed , Alabdulqader Fatimah Khalid , Alyahya Khalid A.
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 is associated with a common symptom of olfactory dysfunction, which may persist even after the infection is resolved. Olfactory training (OT) has emerged as the most effective intervention for post-viral olfactory dysfunction. OT involves daily exposure of the olfactory system to various odors. The current study aims to explore olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 and the potential benefits of olfactory training. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among adults aged 18–60 living in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire containing an informed consent form and a survey to collect demographic data, vaccination status, level of loss of smell and taste, and the level of awareness about olfactory training (OT) was distributed among all participants who agreed to participate in this study. Results: The study included 524 participants and presented their baseline characteristics, including age, gender, COVID-19 infection status, and complaints. Most patients were female (66.0%), and 46.2% had previously been infected with COVID-19. About 54.8% of participants reported chemosensory dysfunction, while 286 had olfactory dysfunction. Of those, 29.8% had anosmia, 16.8% had hyposmia, and 8.0% had parosmia. Results suggest that being fully or partially vaccinated may offer some protection against olfactory dysfunction compared to being unvaccinated. Adherence to olfactory training was associated with improvement in the sense of smell. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of awareness and adherence to olfactory training, which may improve the sense of smell in individuals with chemosensory dysfunction. The findings of this study can inform public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of olfactory dysfunction associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
Usefulness of Preoperative Determination of Serum MR-ProAdrenomedullin Levels to Predict the Need for Postoperative Organ Support in Abdominal Oncological Surgery
Authors: Ramasco Rueda Fernando , Planas Roca Antonio , Méndez Hernández Rosa , Figuerola Tejerina Angels , Tamayo Gómez Eduardo , Garcia Bernedo Carlos , Maseda Garrido Emilio , Pascual Gómez Natalia F. , de la Varga-Martínez Olga
Published: July 2023

The need for postoperative organic support is associated with patient outcomes. Biomarkers may be useful for detecting patients at risk. MR-ProADM is a novel biomarker with an interesting profile that can be used in this context. The main objective of this study was to verify whether there was an association between the preoperative serum levels of MR-ProADM and the need for organic support after elective abdominal cancer surgery, and to determine the preoperative MR-ProADM value that predicts the need for postoperative organic support. This was a multicenter prospective observational study conducted by four tertiary hospitals in Spain between 2017 and 2018. Plasma samples were collected for the quantification of MR-ProADM from adults who underwent major abdominal surgery during 2017–2018. The primary outcome was the need for organic support in the first seven postoperative days and its association with the preoperative levels of MR-ProADM, and the secondary outcome was the preoperative levels of MR-ProADM in the study population. This study included 370 patients with a mean age of 67.4 ± 12.9 years. Seventeen percent (63 patients) required some postoperative organic support measures in the first week. The mean preoperative value of MR-ProADM in patients who required organic support was 1.16 ± 1.15 nmol/L. The AUC-ROC of the preoperative MR-ProADM values associated with the need for organic support was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.59–0.75). The preoperative MR-ProADM value, which showed the best compromise in sensitivity and specificity for predicting the need for organic support, was 0.70 nmol/L. The negative predictive value was 91%. A multivariate analysis confirmed that a preoperative level of MR-ProADM ≥ 0.70 nmol/L is an independent factor associated with risk of postoperative organic support (OR 2, 6). Elevated preoperative MR-ProADM levels are associated with the need for postoperative organic support. Therefore, MR-ProADM may be a useful biomarker for perioperative risk assessment.
Research on H7006C Angular Contact Ball Bearing Slipping Behavior under Operating Conditions
Authors: Yang Fang , Song Mingyang , Ma Xiqiang , Guo Nan , Xue Yujun
Published: July 2023

During operation, angular contact ball bearings exhibit slipping behavior, which accelerates bearing wear and reduces the bearing’s overall service life. This paper focuses on studying the degree of slippage and the variation in slippage rate in the H7006C angular contact ball bearing under constant inner ring speed and angular acceleration conditions. To achieve this objective, the study defines the contact between rolling elements, inner and outer rings, and the cage as flexible. A rigid–flexible coupling slippage dynamic simulation model is then developed, which utilizes cage slippage rate as the evaluation index. The analysis method of cage slippage rate change is established through the Gaussian function fitting method. By comparing simulation and testing results, the effectiveness of the analysis method of angular contact ball bearing slip behavior is validated. On this basis, the influence law of bearing speed and acceleration conditions on the slipping behavior of angular contact ball bearings is further studied. The results of the study show that as the axial load increases at different inner ring speeds, the cage speed increases until it reaches a stable state, while the cage slip rate continuously decreases until reaching a stable state. The higher the inner ring speed, the greater the axial load required for the bearing to enter the steady state. Under different angular accelerations, the cage speed increases with time; when the cage speed increases to stable and constant, the cage slip rate decreases to a stable state, and the higher the angular acceleration, the longer it takes for the bearing to enter the stable state.
Offset Optimization Model for Signalized Intersections Considering the Optimal Location Planning of Bus Stops
Authors: Wu Wei , Luo Xiaoyu , Shi Baiying
Published: July 2023

Existing offset optimization methods for signalized intersections are mainly focused on regular traffic flow, which cannot accommodate cars and public transit (e.g., Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)) simultaneously. This study proposes a delay prediction model to formulate the signal delay of BRT at intersections. The relation among the green wave bandwidth, signal timing plans, speed of the BRT vehicles, distance between the intersections, and the offset is also modeled. A combinatorial optimization model is then established, which takes the location planning of BRT stops and the offset of intersections at both directions along the artery as the decision variables. The proposed model is programmed with Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) and solved efficiently by the Gurobi solver. The proposed optimization method is compared with seven different methods. The results show that the average BRT travel time is reduced by at least 19% and the green wave bandwidth is increased by around 30.2%. The importance of considering location planning of BRT stops when optimizing the offset is thereby verified.
COVID-19 Vaccine Antibody Response in a Single-Center Urban Hemodialysis Unit
Authors: He Mingyue , Song Rui , Shaik Zakir , Gadegbeku Crystal A. , Enderle Louise , Petyo Christina , Quinn Sally B. , Pfeffer Zoe , Murphy Kathleen , Kelsen Steven , Mishkin Aaron D. , Lee Jean , Gillespie Avrum
Published: July 2023

Background: The longitudinal response to the COVID-19 vaccines among patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been well characterized. Methods: To guide vaccination strategies in patients on hemodialysis, it is critical to characterize the longevity and efficacy of the vaccine; therefore, we conducted a prospective single-center monthly antibody surveillance study between March 2021 and March 2022 to investigate the dynamic humoral response to a series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients on hemodialysis with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monthly quantitative antibody testing was performed using the Beckman Coulter Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Test©, which detects IgG antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Results: This cohort of 30 participants (mean age: 61 ± 3 years) predominantly self-identified as African American (97%) and male (53%). Eight participants (27%) had recovered from COVID-19 (recovered) before the vaccine initiation. All participants received two vaccine doses, and 86.6% received a 6-month booster dose. Among patients naïve to COVID-19, the antibody positivity rate (APR) was 55% post-first-dose, 91% post-second-dose, 50% pre-booster at 6 months, 100% post-booster, and 89% at 6 months post-booster. Recovered patients sustained a consistent 100% APR throughout the year. The naïve patients demonstrated lower peak antibody levels post-second-dose than the recovered patients (17.9 ± 3.2 vs. 44.7 ± 5.6, p < 0.001). The peak antibody levels post-booster showed no significant difference between both groups (27.1 ± 3.9 vs. 37.9 ± 8.2, p = 0.20). Two naïve patients contracted COVID-19 during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The patients naïve to COVID-19 exhibited an attenuated and foreshortened antibody response following two doses of the mRNA vaccines compared with the recovered patients, who maintained 100% APR before the booster dose. The 6-month booster dose counteracted declining immunity and stimulated antibody responses in the naïve patients, even in previously non-responsive patients. This observation implies that different booster vaccination strategies might be required for COVID-19-naïve and -recovered patients. Post-vaccination antibody testing may serve as a valuable tool for guiding vaccination strategies.
Cost-Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Adults in Italy: Comparing New Alternatives and Exploring the Role of GMT Ratios in Informing Vaccine Effectiveness
Authors: Restivo Vincenzo , Baldo Vincenzo , Sticchi Laura , Senese Francesca , Prandi Gian Marco , Pronk Linde , Owusu-Edusei Kwame , Johnson Kelly D. , Ignacio Tim
Published: July 2023

In Italy, a sequential pneumococcal vaccination with conjugate vaccine (PCV) and polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is recommended for individuals aged ≥ 65 years and those at risk for pneumococcal disease (PD) aged ≥ 6 years. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of the new vaccines, i.e., approved 15-valent and 20-valent PCVs. A published Markov model was adapted to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of vaccination with PCV15 + PPSV23 versus PCV13 + PPSV23, PCV20 alone, PCV20 + PPSV23, and No Vaccination. Simulated cohorts representing the Italian population, including individuals aged ≥ 65 years, those at risk aged 50–100 years, and those deemed high risk aged 18–100 years were assessed. Outcomes were accrued in terms of incremental PD cases, costs, quality-adjusted life years, life years, and the cost–utility ratio relative to PCV13 + PPSV23. The conservative base case analysis, including vaccine efficacy based on PCV13 data, showed that sequential vaccination with PCV15 or PCV20 in combination with PPSV23 is preferred over sequential vaccination with PCV13 + PPSV23. Especially in the high-risk group, PCV15 + PPSV23 sequential vaccination was dominant over No Vaccination and resulted in an ICUR of €3605 per QALY gained. Including PCV20 + PPSV23 into the comparison resulted in the domination of the PCV15 + PPSV23 and No Vaccination strategies. Additionally, explorative analysis, including the geometric mean titer (GMT) informed vaccine effectiveness (VE) was performed. In the low-risk and high-risk groups, the results of the GMT scenarios showed PCV15 + PPSV23 to be dominant over the other sequential vaccines. These findings suggest that if real-world studies would confirm a difference in vaccine effectiveness of PCV15 and PCV20 versus PCV13 based on GMT ratios, PCV15 + PPSV23 could prove a highly immunogenic and effective vaccination regime for the Italian adult population.
Introduction of an Ultraviolet C-Irradiated 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer Whole-Cell Vaccine Model
Authors: Szebeni Gábor J. , Alföldi Róbert , Nagy Lajos I. , Neuperger Patrícia , Gémes Nikolett , Balog József Á. , Tiszlavicz László , Puskás László G.
Published: July 2023

The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatments. However, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may entail severe side effects, with the risk of therapeutic resistance. The generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells or CAR-NK cells requires specialized molecular laboratories, is costly, and is difficult to adapt to the rapidly growing number of cancer patients. To provide a simpler but effective immune therapy, a whole-cell tumor vaccine protocol was established based on ultraviolet C (UCV)-irradiated 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The apoptosis of tumor cells after UVC irradiation was verified using resazurin and Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometric assays. Protective immunity was achieved in immunized BALB/c mice, showing partial remission. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes or plasma from the mice in remission showed a protective effect in the naive BALB/c mice that received a living 4T1 tumor cell injection. 4T1-specific IgG antibodies were recorded in the plasma of the mice following immunization with the whole-cell vaccine. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and oligonucleotide 2006 (ODN2006) adjuvants were used for the transfer of splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice into cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice, resulting in prolonged survival, reduced tumor growth, and remission in 33% of the cases, without the development of the graft-versus-host disease. Our approach offers a simple, cost-effective whole-cell vaccine protocol that can be administered to immunocompetent healthy organisms. The plasma or the adoptive transfer of HLA-matching immunized donor-derived leukocytes could be used as an immune cell therapy for cancer patients.
December 2019-Printed Issue
Authors:   Patient Safety Authority
Published: July 2023

We are proud to announce the publication of the second issue of our journal, Patient Safety. You can read it now at no charge at <a href=“https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpatientsafetyj.com%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccaiallen%40pa.gov%7C1484948c86134ed9461408d782626cad%7C418e284101284dd59b6c47fc5a9a1bde%7C0%7C1%7C637121231550449870&sdata=Uas1KHtF%2BrSEoNN8UqXLU1XclBU8kZ7GdOCATUBE6Qk%3D&reserved=0”>PatientSafetyJ.com or download a PDF.

Each issue of Patient Safety delivers high-quality content, including evidence-based research articles and advanced analytics; interviews with leaders in their fields; editorials to spark discussion on hot-button topics, and inspiring patient commentaries—such as our cover story by Kristin Aaron, who shares how her son’s tragic healthcare journey has transformed patient safety.

Other highlights in the December issue include an interview with Kathleen Noonan, CEO of the Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers, about meeting the complex needs of an at-risk population; a data analysis on events related to telemetry monitoring; a research article about an initiative that used trigger tools to decrease adverse drug events; a look at suicide prevention strategies; and much more!

You can also be a part of Patient Safety by sharing it with your friends, family, colleagues, students, and patients! Together we save lives.
Study of the Effects of Modified Colostrum Feeding Method on Passive Transfer Success in New-born Calves and Comparison with the Classical Method
Authors: KARA Erdal , KARA Halime
Published: July 2023

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate a new colostrum feeding protocol in terms of passive transfer success. In the study, 70 calves each from two different farms with similar characteristics except colostrum feeding protocols were used. According to the modified method, new-born calves were given as much colostrum as the calf could drink, once every 3 hours, a total of 5 times in the first 12 hours. After 12 hours, as in the classical method, 2.5 liters of colostrum was given to the calves in the morning and evening, and then the calves were fed with milk. The amount of colostrum consumed by the calves fed with the modified method at each meal was recorded, and the blood IgG levels were measured using the ELISA method. In the first 5 feedings made in the modified method, the calves drank an average of 5.51 L colostrum in the first 12-hour period, 2.52 L in the first feeding, 0.86 L in the second feeding, 0.52 L in the third feeding, 0.98 L in the fourth feeding, and 0.63 L in the fifth feeding, respectively. While the mean blood IgG level of the calves in the modified colostral feeding group was 37.33 mg/ml, it was measured as 31.04 mg/ml in the classical colostral feeding group. As a result, with this difference made in the colostrum feeding method, the blood IgG levels of the calves reached a significantly higher level compared to the classical method (p˂0.05).
BIBLIOTEKARZ UX – NOWASPECJALIZACJA W ZAWODZIE?
Authors: JASKOWSKA BOŻENA
Published: July 2023

Teza/cel artykułu – Przybliżenie problematyki kształtowania się w zawodzie bibliotekarskim nowej specjalizacji zajmującej się badaniem wrażeń i doświadczeń użytkowników (UX user experience) oraz projektowaniem usług z uwzględnieniem tej perspektywy, a także zastanowienie się nad rozwojem tego zjawiska w polskim środowisku bibliotekarskim. Scharakteryzowano rozwój spe- cjalizacji w bibliotekach zagranicznych, przybliżono zakres obowiązków bibliote- karza UX wskazując na jego miejsce w strukturze organizacyjnej, a także opisano kulturową dojrzałość organizacyjną bibliotek akademickich w zakresie projekto- wania usług zorientowanych na wrażenia użytkownika. Metody – Wykorzysta- no metodę analizy piśmiennictwa do scharakteryzowania zawodu bibliotekarza UX i opisania praktyk zorientowanych na wrażenia użytkownika w bibliotekach akademickich. Charakterystyka zjawiska na gruncie polskim dokonana została w oparciu o wywiady pogłębione z wybranymi dyrektorami bibliotek oraz dwa case studies. Wnioski – Prowadzone przez bibliotekarza UX działania w zakre- sie poprawy wrażeń użytkowników przyczyniać się mogą do poprawy jakości i efektywności usług bibliotecznych. Dotyczą one zarówno przestrzeni fizycznej, jak i cyfrowej biblioteki. Realizacja projektów UX w bibliotece wymaga zaanga- żowania całego zespołu bibliotecznego oraz kadry zarządzającej oraz przyjmuje różnorodne formy umocowania w strukturze organizacyjnej biblioteki. W pol- skich bibliotekach akademickich istnieje świadomość konieczności prowadzenia badań i pojawiają się przykłady z sukcesem zrealizowanych projektów opartych na technikach UX.
Nanoscale Distribution of Elements in Gold: Examples from Contrasting Deposit Types
Authors: Tait Kimberly T. , White Lee F. , Hastie Evan C.G. , Crabtree David C. , Gibson Harold L. , Sherlock Ross L. , Petrus Joseph A. , Langelier Brian
Published: July 2023

Quantifying the distribution and nature of trace elements in native gold is a novel approach to understanding the genesis of gold deposits and has implications for metallogenic processes, mineral exploration, and metallurgical processing. Most previous research on the formation of gold deposits has utilized proxies for gold, rather than gold itself, to infer its source, transport, and depositional mechanisms, despite the difficulty in establishing unequivocal relationships among the proxies and gold. This approach has left many questions regarding the formation of high-grade coarse gold. This contribution presents results on the composition and distribution of trace elements in native gold using electron probe microanalysis and, for the first time, atom probe tomography. Gold grains selected are from a deformed and metamorphosed Archean orogenic gold deposit (Preston Mine) and a young, undisturbed epithermal gold deposit (McLaughlin mine) which are endmembers in terms of deposit type and geologic time. Results show that Cu, Ag, and Hg are homogenously distributed in gold while Sb is not, which raises questions regarding the substitution mechanisms of large radii metallic elements in gold. These data provide new insights into the incorporation of trace elements in gold, as well as primary and secondary processes related to the formation of high-grade gold deposits through time.
The solutions of two classes of dual matrix equations
Authors: Chen Yinlan , Zeng Min , Fan Ranran , Yuan Yongxin
Published: July 2023

The solvability conditions for the dual matrix equation $ AXB = D $ and a pair of dual matrix equations $ AX = C $ and $ XB = D $ are deduced by applying the singular value decomposition, and the expressions of the general solutions to these dual matrix equations are provided. Furthermore, the minimum-norm solutions of these dual matrix equations are provided. Finally, two numerical experiments are given to validate the accuracy of the results obtained.
Un livre d’Évangiles à l’épreuve des sens (ms. Paris, Arsenal, 592)
Authors: Voyer Cécile
Published: July 2023

Le livre des Évangiles conservé à Paris à la Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal sous la cote 592 est un manuscrit remarquable à plus d’un titre. Le présent article qui n’a pas vocation à analyser le codex dans sa globalité est centré sur quatre scènes qui constituent un sous-ensemble dans le manuscrit : l’Inhumation du Christ, la Visite des trois Marie au tombeau, l’Apparition aux apôtres et l’Incrédulité de saint Thomas. Toutes consacrées au mystère pascal, elles se distinguent des autres enluminures par la présence d’inscriptions particulières dans le champ de la représentation. Ces images, à notre connaissance uniques, sont exemplaires pour notre propos parce qu’elles sollicitent les sens du lecteur/spectateur afin de re-créer le contexte sensoriel dans lequel il a été mis en présence du divin et de la connaissance.
The Role of IoT and AI in Bioeconomy
Authors: Lourenço Justino
Published: July 2023

The new era brings a panoply of new challenges in terms of proactive procedures in order to achieve a better Europe's ecosystem. A set of new trend technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (ioT) can and will bring a new approach to deal with our problem. The AI can contribute to sustainability in various ways, such as optimizing energy consumption, reducing waste, improving supply chain efficiency, and enabling precision agriculture. AI can help advance scientific research and innovation for sustainable development, such as developing new materials and technologies for clean energy production and storage. On the other hand, IoT can help in terms of sustainability by enabling real-time monitoring and control of energy and resource usage in buildings, transportation systems, and industrial processes. This chapter plans to start the discussion of the expected positive impacts in the short term from the adoption of AI and IoT for a more sustainable planet.
Understanding the Dynamics of Economic Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Kumar Puneet , San Diego Maricel C. , Fajardo Maria Teresa R.
Published: July 2023

In order for emerging countries to advance and prosper, their economies must develop in a complex and varied manner. The goal of this research study is to give readers a thorough grasp of the forces that drive economic growth in emerging countries. The introduction of the chapter provides an overview of the main ideas and theories surrounding economic development, covering elements like human capital, technical innovation, institutional quality, and globalisation. After that, it analyses the unique problems that developing nations face, including poverty, income disparity, and restricted access to resources and infrastructure. Additionally, this research study explores how social, market, and governmental elements interact to promote economic development. It examines how social capital, inclusive institutions, and good governance all contribute to the promotion of long-term economic success. Along with the potential advantages and difficulties of inclusion in the global economy, the influence of globalisation and trade on developing economies is also addressed.
Recent progress and future directions of the research on nanoplastic-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Han Seung-Woo , Choi Jinhee , Ryu Kwon-Yul
Published: July 2023

Many types of plastic products, including polystyrene, have long been used in commercial and industrial applications. Microplastics and nanoplastics, plastic particles derived from these plastic products, are emerging as environmental pollutants that can pose health risks to a wide variety of living organisms, including humans. However, it is not well understood how microplastics and nanoplastics affect cellular functions and induce stress responses. Humans can be exposed to polystyrene-microplastics and polystyrene-nanoplastics through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Most ingested plastics are excreted from the body, but inhaled plastics may accumulate in the lungs and can even reach the brain via the nose-to-brain route. Small-sized polystyrene-nanoplastics can enter cells by endocytosis, accumulate in the cytoplasm, and cause various cellular stresses, such as inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. They induce autophagy activation and autophagosome formation, but autophagic flux may be impaired due to lysosomal dysfunction. Unless permanently exposed to polystyrene-nanoplastics, they can be removed from cells by exocytosis and subsequently restore cellular function. However, neurons are very susceptible to this type of stress, thus even acute exposure can lead to neurodegeneration without recovery. This review focuses specifically on recent advances in research on polystyrene-nanoplastic-induced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Furthermore, in this review, based on mechanistic studies of polystyrene-nanoplastics at the cellular level other than neurons, future directions for overcoming the negative effects of polystyrene-nanoplastics on neurons were suggested.
Mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage: a new target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Tang Wenxuan , Huang Xinqi , An Yumei , Li Jiawen , Yuan Shengye , Shan Haiyan , Zhang Mingyang
Published: July 2023

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae. However, there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage, unlike for other stroke subtypes. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage. This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it, and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage, aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage. In conclusion, although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far, most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation, mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.