bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low but significant genetic differentiation underlies biologically meaningful phenotypic divergence in a large Atlantic salmon population
Authors: Aykanat Tutku , Johnston Susan E. , Orell Panu , Niemelä Eero , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R.
Published: September 2015

Despite decades of research assessing the genetic structure of natural populations, the biological meaning of low yet significant genetic divergence often remains unclear due to a lack of associated phenotypic and ecological information. At the same time, structured populations with low genetic divergence and overlapping boundaries can potentially provide excellent models to study adaptation and reproductive isolation in cases where high‐resolution genetic markers and relevant phenotypic and life history information are available. Here, we combined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based population inference with extensive phenotypic and life history data to identify potential biological mechanisms driving fine‐scale subpopulation differentiation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Teno River, a major salmon river in Europe. Two sympatrically occurring subpopulations had low but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.018) and displayed marked differences in the distribution of life history strategies, including variation in juvenile growth rate, age at maturity and size within age classes. Large, late‐maturing individuals were virtually absent from one of the two subpopulations, and there were significant differences in juvenile growth rates and size at age after oceanic migration between individuals in the respective subpopulations. Our findings suggest that different evolutionary processes affect each subpopulation and that hybridization and subsequent selection may maintain low genetic differentiation without hindering adaptive divergence.
The population genomics of rapid adaptation: disentangling signatures of selection and demography in white sands lizards
Authors: Laurent Stefan , Pfeifer Susanne P. , Settles Matthew L. , Hunter Samuel S. , Hardwick Kayla M. , Ormond Louise , Sousa Vitor C. , Jensen Jeffrey D. , Rosenblum Erica Bree
Published: September 2015

Understanding the process of adaptation during rapid environmental change remains one of the central focal points of evolutionary biology. The recently formed White Sands system of southern New Mexico offers an outstanding example of rapid adaptation, with a variety of species having rapidly evolved blanched forms on the dunes that contrast with their close relatives in the surrounding dark soil habitat. In this study, we focus on two of the White Sands lizard species,Sceloporus cowlesiandAspidoscelis inornata, for which previous research has linked mutations in the melanocortin‐1 receptor gene (Mc1r) to blanched coloration. We sampled populations both on and off the dunes and used a custom sequence capture assay based on probed fosmid libraries to obtain >50 kb of sequence aroundMc1rand hundreds of other random genomic locations. We then used model‐based statistical inference methods to describe the demographic and adaptive history characterizing the colonization of White Sands. We identified a number of similarities between the two focal species, including strong evidence of selection in the blanched populations in theMc1rregion. We also found important differences between the species, suggesting different colonization times, different genetic architecture underlying the blanched phenotype and different ages of the beneficial alleles. Finally, the beneficial allele is dominant inS. cowlesiand recessive inA. inornata, allowing for a rare empirical test of theoretically expected patterns of selective sweeps under these differing models.
Long‐term outcomes and predictors in pediatric liver retransplantation
Authors: Dreyzin Alexandra , Lunz John , Venkat Veena , Martin Lillian , Bond Geoffrey J. , Soltys Kyle A. , Sindhi Rakesh , Mazariegos George V.
Published: September 2015

Historically, 9–29% of pediatric liver transplant recipients have required retransplantation. Although outcomes have improved over the last decade, currently published patient and graft survival remain lower after retransplant than after primary transplant. Data from liver retransplantation recipients at our institution between 1991 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to depict patient and graft survival. Predictors of survival were analyzed using a series of Cox proportional hazards models. Predictors were analyzed separately for patients who had “early” (≤30 days after primary transplant) and “late” retransplants. Eighty‐four patients underwent retransplant at a median time of 241 days. Sixty percent had late retransplants. At one, five, and 10 yr, actuarial patient and graft survival were 73%/71%, 66%/63%, and 58%/53%, respectively. Since 2002, patient and graft survival improved to 86%/86% at one yr and 93%/87% at five yr. While operative complications were a common cause of death after earlier retransplants, since 2002, infection has been the only cause of death. Significant morbidities at five‐yr follow‐up include renal dysfunction (15%), diabetes (13%), hypertension (26%), chronic rejection (7%), and PTLD (2%). Current survival after pediatric liver retransplantation has improved significantly, but long‐term immunosuppressant morbidity remains an opportunity for improvement.
A Pilot Study on the Use of Acupuncture Or Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Solberg Mona , Alræk Terje , Mdala Ibrahimu , Klovning Atle
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To determine the feasibility and acceptability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in reducing symptoms and bothersomeness in women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI); and to estimate the sample size for a full scale trial.

Methods

Thirty-four women with MUI were randomly assigned to either 12 sessions of TCM acupuncture, 12 sessions of PFMT, or to a waiting list control group. Outcome measures included an assessment of interest to participate in the trial, identification of successful recruitment strategies, the appropriateness of eligibility criteria, and compliance with treatment. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks, and included the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), expectations of treatment effect, and adverse events.

Results

Recruitment was feasible and randomisation worked adequately by means of SurveyMonkey. SurveyMonkey does not permit stratification by ICIQ-UI SF baseline score. Fourteen of 22 women found the treatment options acceptable. The dropout rate was high, especially in the control group (6/12). Outcome forms were completed by 20 of 34 women. The median (IQR) changes of the ICIQ-UI SF scores in the acupuncture, physiotherapy, and waiting list group were 5.5 (2.3 to 6.8), 1.0 (−3.0 to 4.5), and 1.5 (−1.5 to 3.0), respectively, suggesting the need for a full scale trial.

Conclusions

Women with MUI were willing to participate in this study. There is a need for adjusting eligibility criteria. A sample size of 129 women, 43 in three arms, is required. No major adverse events occurred.
Development and Implementation of a Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) 'Toolkit'
Authors: Tatham Mandy , Macfarlane Gill , MacRae Morag , Tully Vicki , Craig Karen
Published: September 2015

Indwelling urinary catheters are a commonly used invasive medical device within acute and non-acute settings in NHS Scotland. The second National Survey of the Prevalence of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) in Scotland 2011 identified that 19.2% of patients surveyed had an indwelling urinary catheter. In this survey, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) were identified as the most prevalent type of HAI at 22.6% in acute settings and 39% in non-acute settings [1].

In September 2013 the Scottish Government released a Chief Executive Letter (CEL 19) which identified Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) as one of the nine Points of Care Priorities within the Scottish Patient Safety Programme, with the aim of reducing CAUTI by 30% by end of December 2015 measured against a national definition [2].

This quality improvement project saw the development, testing and introduction within NHS Tayside of an evidenced based bundle of care. This was to standardise and drive quality care delivery for the insertion and maintenance of urethral urinary catheters with the intention of reducing catheter associated urinary tract infections in our patients. Data collection tools and data reporting mechanisms were also developed, tested and introduced using a national CAUTI definition to capture data for improvement and local and national reporting of progress.
Withdrawal of ventilation at the patient's request in MND: a retrospective exploration of the ethical and legal issues that have arisen for doctors in the UK
Authors: Phelps Kay , Regen Emma , Oliver David , McDermott Chris , Faull Christina
Published: September 2015

Background

Ventilatory support has benefits including prolonging survival for respiratory failure in motor neurone disease (MND). At some point some patients may wish to stop the intervention. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance recommends research is needed on ventilation withdrawal. There is little literature focusing on the issues doctors encounter when withdrawing ventilation at the request of a patient.

Aim

To identify and explore with doctors the ethical and legal issues that they had encountered in the withdrawal of ventilation at the request of a patient with MND.

Method

A retrospective thematic analysis of interviews of 24 doctors (including palliative care, respiratory, neurology and general practice) regarding their experiences with withdrawal of ventilation support from patients with MND.

Results

Respondents found withdrawal of ventilation at the request of patients with MND to pose legal, ethical and moral challenges in five themes: ethical and legal rights to withdrawal from treatment; discussions with family; discussions with colleagues; experiences of legal advice; issues contributing to ethical complexity. Though clear about the legality of withdrawal of treatment in theory, the practice led to ethical and moral uncertainty and mixed feelings. Many respondents had experienced negative reactions from other healthcare professionals when these colleagues were unclear of the distinction between palliation of symptoms, withdrawal of treatment and assisted death.

Conclusions

Legal, ethical and practical guidance is needed for professionals who support a patient with MND who wishes to withdraw from ventilation. Open discussion of the ethical challenges is needed as well as education and support for professionals.
Treatment failure of fetal posterior communicating artery aneurysms with the pipeline embolization device
Authors: Kan Peter , Duckworth Edward , Puri Ajit , Velat Greg , Wakhloo Ajay
Published: September 2015

Aneurysms that involve the internal carotid artery and posterior communicating artery junction and incorporate a fetal posterior cerebral artery are known as fetal posterior communicating artery aneurysms. We report the outcomes of four patients with fetal posterior communicating artery aneurysms who underwent treatment with the pipeline embolization device with or without adjunctive coil embolization. In our study, all four patients failed to achieve aneurysm occlusion at the last follow-up evaluation. Based on our results, we currently do not recommend the use of the flow diverter for the treatment of fetal posterior communicating artery aneurysms.
YAP Promotes Malignant Progression of Lkb1-Deficient Lung Adenocarcinoma through Downstream Regulation of Survivin
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Gao Yijun , Li Fuming , Tong Xinyuan , Ren Yan , Han Xiangkun , Yao Shun , Long Fei , Yang Zhongzhou , Fan Hengyu , Zhang Lei , Ji Hongbin
Published: September 2015

The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 is a well-characterized tumor suppressor that governs diverse cellular processes, including growth, polarity, and metabolism. Somatic-inactivating mutations in LKB1 are observed in about 15% to 30% of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). LKB1 inactivation confers lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) with malignant features that remain refractory to therapeutic intervention. YAP activation has been linked to LKB1 deficiency, but the role of YAP in lung ADC formation and progression is uncertain. In this study, we showed that ectopic expression of YAP in type II alveolar epithelial cells led to hyperplasia in mouse lungs. YAP overexpression in the KrasG12D lung cancer mouse model accelerated lung ADC progression. Conversely, YAP deletion dramatically delayed the progression of lung ADC in LKB1-deficient KrasG12D mice. Mechanistic studies identified the antiapoptotic oncoprotein survivin as the downstream mediator of YAP responsible for promoting malignant progression of LKB1-deficient lung ADC. Collectively, our findings identify YAP as an important contributor to lung cancer progression, rationalizing YAP inhibition in the context of LKB1 deficiency as a therapeutic strategy to treat lung ADC. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4450–7. ©2015 AACR.
Unification of Private Law in Europe and ‘Mixed Jurisdictions’: A Model for Civil Codes in Central Europe
Authors: Józon Mónika
Published: September 2015

The paper discusses new research questions that hybridization of continental private law yields for comparative private law. In this context the mixed legal systems and especially the Quebec law will be debated in their possible tool-function to assist Europe in coping with recent developments in private law. Two central driving forces on the European regulatory policy landscape are in the focus of the research: i) the regulatory competition among mixed jurisdictions (Scott Law v. Quebec Law) as sources of inspiration for the new Civil Codes of the Member States and the academic projects on unification of private law (DCFR), a process which demands for reconsideration of the relation between the top down unification v. bottom up hybridization and, ii) the regulatory competition between the European regulatory policy and globalization of private law in the Member States under international uniform transaction law.
Does Completing an Enriched Writing Course Improve Writing Self-Efficacy of Talented Secondary Students?
Authors: Frank Webb Anne , Vandiver Beverly J. , Jeung Stevie
Published: September 2015

This study examined whether writing self-efficacy would change and have an effect on final course grade in 267 talented middle and high school students in the course of taking enriched 6-week writing classes. Confidence in writing increased across time within three courses, whereas approach to writing did not. Differences were found between genders and between students taking different courses. In the writing process class, girls scored higher in their approach to writing at the end of class than boys. Girls obtained higher final grades than boys, but girls who had higher change in approach to writing obtained higher final grades than (a) boys who reported a higher change and (b) both boys and girls who reported less change. A unique association may exist between talented students’ gender and change in self-efficacy on final course grade.
Blind spots and pop-up spots: A feminist exploration into the discourses of do-it-yourself (DIY) urbanism
Authors: Heim LaFrombois Megan
Published: September 2015

This paper is a theoretical exploration of dominant conceptualisations of do-it-yourself urbanism, which draws from and contributes to feminist inquiries into urban planning and policies. Do-it-yourself urbanism is defined as unauthorised, grassroots, and citizen-led urban planning interventions that are small scale, functional, temporary, creative, and place specific; are focused on reclaiming and re-purposing urban spaces; and take place outside formal urban planning structures and systems. This paper questions and complicates the dominant discourses surrounding do-it-yourself urbanism by highlighting the racialised, classed, gendered, and sexualised ‘blind spots’ and biases found within conceptualisations of the topic, its activities, actors, and spaces. It also investigates how do-it-yourself urbanism activities and actors are connected to and embedded in larger urban systems and policies. I argue that the dominant discourses of do-it-yourself urbanism focus on a narrow set of urban planning interventions, which may have major implications for cities and their residents. However, the terrain of do-it-yourself urbanism is diverse, fluid, paradoxical, and at times subversive, revealing bright spots for more inclusive and reflexive practice.
A case of relapsing–remitting tumour-like inflammation of the central nervous system
Authors: Miante Silvia , Perini Paola , Rinaldi Francesca , Gallo Paolo
Published: September 2015

The case of a 37-year-old woman suffering from a relapsing–remitting tumefactive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) is described. The patient had four severe relapses over eight years, and was treated with steroids, immunosuppression and plasma-exchange with modest benefit. No magnetic resonance imaging or cerebrospinal spinal fluid findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis emerged during the eight-year follow-up. ‘Relapsing–remitting tumefactive inflammation’ seems to have the features of a distinct inflammatory CNS disease.
Altered resting-state functional connectivity in cognitively preserved pediatric-onset MS patients and relationship to structural damage and cognitive performance
Authors: Akbar Nadine , Till Christine , Sled John G , Binns Malcolm A , Doesburg Sam M , Aubert-Broche Berengere , Collins Donald Louis , Araujo David , Narayanan Sridar , Arnold Douglas L , Lysenko Magdalena , Banwell Brenda
Published: September 2015

Objective:

To evaluate resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and relationship to brain volumes and cognition in a sample of cognitively preserved pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods:

Sixteen cognitively intact pediatric-onset MS patients and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched controls underwent cognitive testing and 3T anatomical and functional MRI. Resting-state FC patterns were examined using region-of-interest-based timeseries correlations.

Results:

Compared to controls, pediatric-onset MS patients demonstrated higher FC of the precuneus, particularly with the anterior cingulate cortex ( z=4.21, p<.001), frontal medial cortex ( z=3.48, p<.001), and cerebellum ( z=3.72, p<.001). Greater T2 lesion volume and lower normalized thalamic volume were associated with reduced FC of the thalamus, especially for FC with the right superior occipital region ( t=−2.87, p=.0123 and t=2.27, p=.04 respectively). FC of the left frontal medial cortex was negatively correlated with composite cognitive z-score in the pediatric-onset MS group ( p<.05).

Conclusions:

Greater resting-state FC between posterior and anterior brain regions is present in pediatric-onset MS. With greater disease-related structural pathology, there is a disruption of thalamo-cortical FC. In the absence of actual cognitive impairment, heightened FC of the frontal medial cortex was associated with lower cognitive performance, suggesting that greater functional resources are recruited during resting-state in patients with reduced cognitive efficiency.
Pituitary-ovary axis and ovarian reserve in fertile women with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Sepúlveda Maria , Ros Cristina , Martínez-Lapiscina Elena H , Solà-Valls Nuria , Hervàs Mariona , Llufriu Sara , La Puma Delon , Casals Elena , Blanco Yolanda , Villoslada Pablo , Graus Francesc , Castelo-Branco Camil , Saiz Albert
Published: September 2015

Since a decline in the ovary function might impact the reproductive potential in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), we investigated the pituitary-ovary axis and ovarian reserve, including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and ultrasound imaging of the ovaries, of 25 relapsing–remitting MS patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls. Mean levels of pituitary-gonadal hormones and age-adjusted parameters of ovarian reserve markers were not significantly different between both groups. Patients with higher disease activity (annualized relapse rate >0.5; n=9) had significantly lower AMH levels, total antral follicle count and ovarian volume, than those with lower disease activity. The finding of poorer ovarian reserve associated with higher disease activity should be taken into consideration since it may negatively impact the reproductive prognosis.
Strength of garden-path effects in native and non-native speakers’ processing of object–subject ambiguities
Authors: Gerth Sabrina , Otto Constanze , Felser Claudia , Nam Yunju
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectives:

Our study addresses the following research questions: To what extent is L2 comprehenders’ online sensitivity to morphosyntactic disambiguation cues affected by L1 background? Does noticing the error signal trigger successful reanalysis in both L1 and L2 comprehension? Can previous findings suggesting that case is a better reanalysis cue than agreement be replicated and extended to L2 processing when using closely matched materials?

Design/methodology/approach:

We carried out a self-paced reading study using temporarily ambiguous object-initial sentences in German. These were disambiguated either by number marking on the verb or by nominative case marking on the subject. End-of-trial comprehension questions probed whether or not our participants ultimately succeeded in computing the correct interpretation.

Data and analysis:

We tested a total of 121 participants (25 Italian, 32 Russian, 32 Korean and 32 native German speakers), measuring their word-by-word reading times and comprehension accuracy. The data were analysed using linear mixed-effects and logistic regression modelling.

Findings/conclusions:

All three learner groups showed online sensitivity to both case and agreement disambiguation cues. Noticing case disambiguations did not necessarily lead to a correct interpretation, whereas noticing agreement disambiguations did. We conclude that intermediate to advanced learners are sensitive to morphosyntactic interpretation cues during online processing regardless of whether or not corresponding grammatical distinctions exist in their L1. Our results also suggest that case is not generally a better reanalysis cue than agreement.

Originality:

Our three L2 participant groups’ native languages were carefully chosen so as to create systematic typological contrasts. Our experimental materials and conditions were more closely matched compared to previous studies on German object-initial sentences, and our experimental design allowed us to link participants’ reading profiles to successful comprehension.

Significance/implications:

L1 influence on L2 processing is more limited than might be expected. Contra previous findings, even intermediate learners show sensitivity to both agreement and case information during processing.
Waiting in the wings: Power, narratives of transition, and self-reflexivity
Authors: Choi Tat-Heung
Published: September 2015

With the aim of bridging the gap between the understanding of individual agency and that of structural constraint, this article deals with the ways in which autobiographical research can provide insight into how individuals negotiate the social contexts in which they are located. Despite the strong utilitarian discourse about the centrality of English for social and economic advancement in Hong Kong, there has been insufficient attention paid to the affective and social aspects of different study and work experiences in which differing linguistic and cultural capitals are valued. With this neglect in mind, this reported study explores how two individuals engage in self-identification and self-scrutiny in the education, legal and media fields. This is a matter of interest with regard to the power of narration in organising and representing social reality, and the relevance of self-reflexivity to the development of agency and educational capital as recorded in narratives of transition. Writing autobiographical reflections on their experiences in institutions and social relationships gave the individuals a therapeutic opportunity to formulate clearer versions of their personal history and identity in their transition to work.
Pharmacy Informatics
Authors: White Carol L. , Hohmeier Kenneth C.
Published: September 2015

Objective: To provide a background on pharmacy informatics and the current role of the pharmacy technician, as well as to review the different technologies that pharmacy technicians utilize in routine practice and identify opportunities for pharmacy technicians to assist pharmacists in the practice of pharmacy informatics. Data Sources: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE/PubMed (1946-March 2015) with the following search terms: pharmacy informatics and technician, medical informatics and technician, and technician informaticists. Additionally, informatics resources from the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists were used. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles that discussed the pharmacy technician’s and/or other pharmacy staff’s role in medical or pharmacy informatics were considered for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Several roles for the pharmacy technician were identified and reviewed in the literature and subsequently categorized based on the following identified themes: pharmacy technician informaticists, health-system pharmacy technicians, and community pharmacy technicians. Conclusions: As the field of pharmacy informatics continues to grow, pharmacy technicians will continue to play an integral role at various levels of pharmacy practice.
Treatment and survival among 1594 patients with ATL
Authors: Katsuya Hiroo , Ishitsuka Kenji , Utsunomiya Atae , Hanada Shuichi , Eto Tetsuya , Moriuchi Yukiyoshi , Saburi Yoshio , Miyahara Masaharu , Sueoka Eisaburo , Uike Naokuni , Yoshida Shinichiro , Yamashita Kiyoshi , Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Suzushima Hitoshi , Ohno Yuju , Matsuoka Hitoshi , Jo Tatsuro , Amano Masahiro , Hino Ryosuke , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Kawai Kazuhiro , Suzumiya Junji , Tamura Kazuo
Published: September 2015

Key Points

An improvement of 4-year OS for acute and lymphoma types of ATL was observed in comparison with that of the 1991 report. The prognosis of the smoldering type ATL was worse than expected from the 1991 report.
Alleviating Neuropathic Pain Mechanical Allodynia by Increasing Cdh1 in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Tan Wei , Yao Wen-Long , Hu Rong , Lv You-You , Wan Li , Zhang Chuan-Han , Zhu Chang
Published: September 2015

Background

Plastic changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are critical in the pathogenesis of pain hypersensitivity caused by injury to peripheral nerves. Cdh1, a co-activator subunit of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) regulates synaptic differentiation and transmission. Based on this, we hypothesised that the APC/C–Cdh1 played an important role in long-term plastic changes induced by neuropathic pain in ACC.

Results

We employed spared nerve injury (SNI) model in rat and found Cdh1 protein level in the ACC was downregulated 3, 7 and 14 days after SNI surgery. We detected increase in c-Fos expression, numerical increase of organelles, swollen myelinated fibre and axon collapse of neuronal cells in the ACC of SNI rat. Additionally, AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit protein level was up-regulated on the membrane through a pathway that involves EphA4 mediated by APC/C–Cdh1, 3 and 7 days after SNI surgery. To confirm the effect of Cdh1 in neuropathic pain, Cdh1-expressing lentivirus was injected into the ACC of SNI rat. Intra-ACC treatment with Cdh1-expressing lentivirus vectors elevated Cdh1 levels, erased synaptic strengthening, as well as alleviating established mechanical allodynia in SNI rats. We also found Cdh1-expressing lentivirus normalised SNI-induced redistribution of AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit in ACC by regulating AMPA receptor trafficking.

Conclusions

These results provide evidence that Cdh1 in ACC synapses may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for treating chronic neuropathic pain.
Anoctamin-1 Cl− Channels in Nociception: Activation by an N-Aroylaminothiazole and Capsaicin and Inhibition by T16A[inh]-A01
Authors: Deba Farah , Bessac Bret F.
Published: September 2015

Background

Anoctamin 1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A) Ca2+-gated Cl− channels of nociceptor neurons are emerging as important molecular components of peripheral pain transduction. At physiological intracellular Cl− concentrations ([Cl−]i) sensory neuronal Cl− channels are excitatory. The ability of sensory neuronal ANO1 to trigger action potentials and subsequent nocifensive (pain) responses were examined by direct activation with an N-aroylaminothiazole. ANO1 channels are also activated by intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) from sensory neuronal TRPV1 (transient-receptor-potential vallinoid 1) ion channels and other noxicant receptors. Thus, sensory neuronal ANO1 can facilitate TRPV1 triggering of action potentials, resulting in enhanced nociception. This was investigated by reducing ANO1 facilitation of TRPV1 effects with: (1) T16A[inh]-A01 ANO1-inhibitor reagent at physiological [Cl−]i and (2) by lowering sensory neuronal [Cl−]i to switch ANO1 to be inhibitory.

Results

ANO1 effects on action potential firing of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vitro and mouse nocifensive behaviors in vivo were examined with an N-aroylaminothiazole ANO1-activator (E-act), a TRPV1-activator (capsaicin) and an ANO1-inhibitor (T16A[inh]-A01). At physiological [Cl−]i (40 mM), E-act (10 μM) increased current sizes (in voltage-clamp) and action potential firing (in current-clamp) recorded in DRG neurons using whole-cell electrophysiology. To not disrupt TRPV1 carried-Ca2+ activation of ANO1 in DRG neurons, ANO1 modulation of capsaicin-induced action potentials was measured by perforated-patch (Amphotericin–B) current-clamp technique. Subsequently, at physiological [Cl−]i, capsaicin (15 μM)-induced action potential firing was diminished by co-application with T16A[inh]-A01 (20 μM). Under conditions of low [Cl−]i (10 mM), ANO1 actions were reversed. Specifically, E-act did not trigger action potentials; however, capsaicin-induced action potential firing was inhibited by co-application of E-act, but was unaffected by co-application of T16A[inh]-A01. Nocifensive responses of mice hind paws were dramatically induced by subcutaneous injections of E-act (5 mM) or capsaicin (50 μM). The nocifensive responses were attenuated by co-injection with T16A[inh]-A01 (1.3 mM).

Conclusions

An ANO1-activator (E-act) induced [Cl−]i-dependent sensory neuronal action potentials and mouse nocifensive behaviors; thus, direct ANO1 activation can induce pain perception. ANO1-inhibition attenuated capsaicin-triggering of action potentials and capsaicin-induced nocifensive behaviors. These results indicate ANO1 channels are involved with TRPV1 actions in sensory neurons and inhibition of ANO1 could be a novel means of inducing analgesia.
Professionalism and what it means for you
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: September 2015

Within this article, the author will be discussing professionalism and what this means for the support worker in their everyday practice. The difference between being a member of a profession and acting with professionalism will be discussed.

The importance of following the Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ) will be stressed, as it is through meeting these standards and behaviours that professionalism will be supported.

Topics that will be highlighted include: having a professional attitude; the importance of appearing professional and of communicating in the correct way; confidentiality; together with the maintenance of professional boundaries with service users.
Treating eczema and psoriasis in the older person
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: September 2015

As the skin gets older, it is more prone to certain skin conditions. Jean Watkins considers two particularly common disorders, eczema and psoriasis, and recommends what steps the care worker can take to successfully identify and manage these problems
The many meanings of frailty: is there a shared understanding?
Authors: Manthorpe Jill , Iliffe Steve
Published: September 2015

‘Frailty’ is a term that evokes many meanings, especially within the context of caring for older people. Jill Manthorpe and Steve Iliffe consider the implications of this multifaceted concept and encourage the implications for practice to be shared and debated
The monitoring minefield: how to ensure staff stay on the job
Authors: Stevens Mark
Published: September 2015

We can all get distracted at work, but how do employers ensure that distractions are kept in check? The key, argues Mark Stevens, is having well-drafted policies in place
Investigation of relationship between problematic internet use and psychological symptoms of university students
Üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanımı ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Authors: İkiz Fatma Ebru , Savcı Mustafa , Asıcı Esra , Yörük Canan
Published: September 2015

In this study, investigation of the relationships between problematic internet use and psychological symptoms of university students were aimed. Besides, the effects of gender and level of class were investigated. The sample of research was consisted of 518 female and 335 male, totally 853 college students. Data was collected by Problematic Internet Use Scale and Brief Symtom Inventory. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 20 programme with parametric techniques as, Spearman Brown correlation, Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U. According to results, there were statistically significant positive relationships between problematic internet use and psychological symptoms of college students. It was found that gender was effective on problematic internet use and psychological symptoms of college students. Besides, problematic internet use and psychological symptoms increased with grade level and university.

 

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanımı ile psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu temel amaç kapsamında üniversite öğrencilerinde problemli internet kullanımı ve psikolojik belirtilerin cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı da incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi 518’i kadın, 335’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 853 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada ölçme aracı olarak Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Ölçeği (PİKÖ), Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 20. istatistik paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde Spearman Brown Sıra Farkları Korelasyonu, Kruskal Wallis H ve Mann Whitney U testi analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre üniversite öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımı ile psikolojik belirtiler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişkiler olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyinin problemli internet kullanımı ve psikolojik belirtiler üzerinde etkili faktörler olduğu saptanmıştır.
Bacterial and Archaeal Communities Variability Associated with Upwelling and Anthropogenic Pressures in the Protection Area of Arraial do Cabo (Cabo Frio region - RJ)
Authors: COELHO-SOUZA SERGIO A. , ARAÚJO FÁBIO V. , CURY JULIANO C. , JESUS HUGO E. , PEREIRA GILBERTO C. , GUIMARÃES JEAN R.D. , PEIXOTO RAQUEL S. , DÁVILA ALBERTO M.R. , ROSADO ALEXANDRE S.
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTUpwelling systems contain a high diversity of pelagic microorganisms and their composition and activity are defined by factors like temperature and nutrient concentration. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was used to verify the spatial and temporal genetic variability of Bacteria and Archaea in two stations of the Arraial do Cabo coastal region, one under upwelling pressure and another under anthropogenic pressure. In addition, biotic and abiotic variables were measured in surface and deep waters from three other stations between these stations. Six samplings were done during a year and adequately represented the degrees of upwelling and anthropogenic pressures to the system. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed negative correlations between the concentrations of ammonia and phosphorous with prokaryotic secondary production and the total heterotrophic bacteria. PCA also showed negative correlation between temperature and the abundance of prokaryotic cells. Bacterial and archaeal compositions were changeable as were the oceanographic conditions, and upwelling had a regional pressure while anthropogenic pressure was punctual. We suggest that the measurement of prokaryotic secondary production was associated with both Bacteria and Archaea activities, and that substrate availability and temperature determine nutrients cycling.
A integração regional como mecanismo para provisão de bens públicos: uma análise comparativa da agenda de segurança pública no Mercosul e na Comunidade Andina de Nações
Authors: Las Casas Taiane
Published: September 2015

Para entender se o processo de integração regional pode ser um mecanismo para o provimento de bens públicos regionais, parte-se do modelo de Olson (1965) que identifica as variáveis relevantes para compreender como os membros de um grupo superam seus dilemas de ação coletiva. A comparação entre Mercosul e CAN no tocante ao tráfico de drogas possibilita concluir que em ambos os acordos há provimento subótimo de segurança pública, ainda que o Mercosul apresente alguns avanços relativamente à CAN.
Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system
Authors: Pereira Joana Castro
Published: September 2015

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.
A saúde dos trabalhadores da atividade rural no Brasil
Authors: Moreira Jessica Pronestino de Lima , Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de , Muzi Camila Drumond , Cunha Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo , Brito Alexandre dos Santos , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: September 2015

A saúde do trabalhador é tema central em pesquisas de saúde pública, entretanto se deve considerar a especificidade das atividades exercidas. Objetiva-se analisar a saúde dos trabalhadores da atividade agrícola no Brasil, que possuem ocupação também agrícola ou não agrícola, por meio da autopercepção de saúde e morbidades referidas. Utilizou-se a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD 2008), incorporando as informações do plano amostral complexo. Selecionaram-se trabalhadores da atividade agrícola com 18 anos ou mais, estratificando em: os que possuíam ocupação agrícola e não agrícola. Foi realizada regressão logística para autopercepção de saúde e calculadas as razões de chances para as morbidades referidas. A ocupação agrícola diminui a chance de referir saúde como Boa e aumenta a chance de referir doença de coluna/costas, hipertensão arterial e artrite/reumatismo. Os trabalhadores com ocupação agrícola apresentam mais morbidades referidas e piores condições de vida. A autopercepção de saúde dos trabalhadores, em geral, foi melhor entre os ocupados não agrícolas.
Avaliação econômica da terminação de bovinos de corte em pastagem irrigada
Authors: Soares J.C.R. , Barcellos J.O.J. , Queiroz Filho L.A.V. , Oaigen R.P. , Canozzi M.E.A. , Camargo C.M. , Drumond L.C.D. , Braccini Neto J.
Published: September 2015

Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica de três sistemas de produção por meio da mensuração dos custos de produção e da análise dos indicadores financeiros. Os três sistemas (S1, S2 e S3), situados na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, foram avaliados no período de outubro de 2010 a outubro de 2011. A pastagem estabelecida no S1 foi de azevém (Lolium multiflorumLam)e trevo branco (Trifolium repensLam); no S2, trevo branco, trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratenseLam), cornichão (Lotus corniculatusLam), azevém e aveia preta (Avena strigosaSchreb); e no S3, azevém, cornichão, trevo branco e trevo vermelho. Os animais foram pesados na entrada e na saída das pastagens. A coleta de dados para mensuração do custo foi realizada mensalmente utilizando-se planilhas apropriadas. As produtividades foram de 369, 772 e 637kg/ha para os sistemas S1, S2 e S3, respectivamente. O S2 apresentou o maior custo total (R$ 2.101,59/ha), enquanto o menor foi obtido pelo S1 (R$ 1.626,93/ha). Na análise do custo operacional médio dos três sistemas, os itens que apresentaram maiores valores foram a implantação de pastagem, a energia elétrica, a manutenção da pastagem e a depreciação. Quanto às margens, os sistemas S1, S2 e S3 apresentaram, respectivamente, R$ 33,46, 1.162,55 e 701,01/ha para margem bruta; R$ -63,51, 955,40 e 541,05/ha para margem operacional; e R$ -583,18, 291,61 e -28,99/ha para lucro total. A rentabilidade foi de -0,47, 4,37 e 3,01% e a lucratividade foi de -5,94, 39,92 e 27,38% para o S1, S2 e S3, respectivamente. A irrigação de pastagens para terminação de bovinos é viável economicamente, no entanto a sua adoção deve sempre visar a altas produtividades zootécnicas devido ao seu elevado custo de produção.
Efeito do produto iônico do biovidro 60S na diferenciação osteogênica de células-tronco mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de cães
Authors: Alves E.G.L. , Serakides R. , Rosado I.R. , Pereira M.M. , Ocarino N.M. , Oliveira H.P. , Góes A.M. , Rezende C.M.F.
Published: September 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o produto iônico do biovidro 60S (BV60S) na diferenciação osteogênica de células-tronco mesenquimais de origem adiposa (CTM-AD) de cães. As CTM-AD foram diferenciadas sem OSTe com o produto iônico (PI OST) por sete, 14 e 21 dias. Avaliou-se o MTT, a fosfatase alcalina (FA), o colágeno, mineralização e as expressões de osterix (OSX), sialoproteína óssea (BSP), osteonectina (ON) e osteocalcina (OC). O grupo PI OSTmostrou menor conversão de MTT aos sete dias e maior conversão aos 21 dias. A atividade de FA foi maior no grupo OST, aos 14 e 21 dias. A síntese de colágeno foi maior no grupo OST aos sete e 21 dias. Verificou-se maior área mineralizada no grupo PI OSTem todos os tempos. Não houve diferenças nas expressões de OSX e OC entre os grupos. Observou-se maior expressão de BSP no grupo PI OST, aos 14 e 21 dias. A expressão de ON foi maior no grupo OST aos 14 dias. Concluiu-se que o produto iônico do BV60S favorece a osteogênese in vitro de CTM-AD de cães.
Observações clinicocirúrgicas em fraturas e luxações vertebrais toracolombares em cães
Authors: Araújo B.M. , Silva A.C. , Figueiredo M.L. , Fernandes T.H.T. , Baraúna Junior D. , Bonelli M.A. , Diogo C.C. , Amorim M.M.A. , Tudury E.A.
Published: September 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar as implicações e os resultados obtidos frente aos tratamentos conservativo e cirúrgico em 37 cães sem distinção de sexo, raça ou idade, que apresentaram fraturas e luxações vertebrais (FLV) toracolombares. Cada paciente passou por anamnese, seguida por exames clínico, neurológico e radiográficos para se obter o diagnóstico neuroanatômico e a severidade da lesão. Os cães foram submetidos ao tratamento conservativo ou cirúrgico de acordo com as características de cada caso. Dos 37 animais deste estudo, 37,7% tinham percepção de dor profunda (PDP) intacta. Vinte animais foram submetidos ao tratamento conservativo, 14 ao tratamento cirúrgico e três animais faleceram antes do tratamento. Dos animais que mantiveram a PDP intacta, a taxa de recuperação foi de 100%, com tempo de recuperação total variando de sete a 75 dias, ao passo que, dos animais que perderam a PDP, nenhum recuperou a deambulação voluntária. Dos 14 animais operados, 42,8% apresentaram alterações vertebrais não visibilizadas ao exame radiográfico convencional, sendo necessária mudança na técnica cirúrgica planejada em 14,2% desses casos. Nos animais que mantiveram a PDP, não houve diferença significante nas taxas nem no tempo de recuperação da deambulação voluntária, independentemente do tipo de tratamento. Entretanto, houve diferença altamente significante entre os graus que mantiveram a PDP intacta com os animais que perderam a percepção de dor profunda em relação à taxa de recuperação. A taxa de eutanásia foi menor que em outros trabalhos descritos na literatura. Dos animais sem PDP submetidos ao tratamento conservativo ou cirúrgico, 31,25% readquiriram a capacidade de caminhar sem recuperar a PDP, sendo essa deambulação involuntária atribuída ao caminhar espinal.
Meat quality and cut yield of pigs slaughtered over 100kg live weight
Authors: Bertol T.M. , Oliveira E.A. , Coldebella A. , Kawski V.L. , Scandolera A.J. , Warpechowski M.B.
Published: September 2015

Meat quality and cut yield of pigs slaughtered between 100 and 150kg live weight were evaluated. Pigs (417 Agroceres PIC barrows and gilts) were fed a daily allowance of 2.8kg per head from 80kg until 100.71±0.85, 118.58±0.99, 134.07±1.18 or 143.90±1.24kg live weight. Seventy-one pigs were used for the evaluation of primal and subprimal cuts. There was no interaction between sex and slaughter weight for any of the evaluated parameters. Ham, shoulder, and loin weights linearly increased (P<0.01; R2: 84.3-93.2%) with increasing slaughter weight, which, however, had little effect on primal cuts meat yield. Increasing slaughter weight promoted a linear (P<0.05) and a quadratic (P<0.01) increase of red/green coordinate (a* value) of the loin and ham, respectively. Shear force showed a quadratic response (P<0.05), with minimum value estimated at 122kg slaughter weight. It was concluded that, under the applied management, increasing slaughter weight increased the volume of meat, but had little effect on meat yield. The meat of pigs slaughtered at heavier weights showed more intense red color and the same intramuscular fat content as lighter pigs, while tenderness was slightly affected.
Comportamento ingestivo e desempenho produtivo de cordeiros mantidos em pastagem tropical e recebendo diferentes suplementações
Authors: Silveira M.F. , Macedo V.P. , Batista R. , Santos G.B. , Negri R. , Castro J.M. , Silveira A.P. , Wlodarski L.
Published: September 2015

Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos tipos de suplementação sobre o desempenho produtivo e o comportamento ingestivo diurno de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês mantidos em pastagem de capim-aruana (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) sobressemeado com aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e três repetições. Os cordeiros foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três sistemas alimentares, com seis animais cada, sendo: PAST - cordeiros mantidos exclusivamente a pasto; SIL - cordeiros mantidos em pastagem recebendo suplementação (1,0% do peso vivo) com silagem de milho; CONC - cordeiros mantidos em pastagem recebendo suplementação (1,0% do peso vivo) com concentrado. Os cordeiros suplementados com concentrado apresentaram ganho de peso médio diário 37,5% superior aos mantidos em pastagem, mas não diferiram da suplementação com silagem de milho. O tempo de pastejo foi superior para os animais não suplementados quando comparados aos animais suplementados. Cordeiros mantidos a pasto e suplementados com silagem de milho ou concentrado ganham mais peso do que os cordeiros não suplementados.