bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious diseases as complications following spinal cord injury
Authors: Nolan John , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Published: April 2021

Background

Infectious complications in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients can increase the mortality and morbidity of the patients. The inability to do daily activity is the main cause of the occurrence of infectious complications. Good understanding and high awareness are needed to notice some infectious complications which are difficult to be diagnosed.

Methods

This paper is a literature review which was done by reviewing and searching journals with “infectious complication”, “spinal cord injury”, “infection” on the search engines. The authors found 52 articles are suitable to be composed as references for this paper.

Results

Several infectious complications may occur following the incidence of SCI and have a lot of disadvantages. The causes of these infections are multifactorial. Urinary tract infection, infected pressure ulcer, pneumonia, and some other infectious diseases may appear as complications. Extra care in hygiene and sanitation is needed, besides, high awareness is needed to discover these complications.

Conclusion

Monitoring post-SCI complications are complex and difficult. A high level of suspicion should be raised with frequent aseptic actions and procedures. Appropriate management including non-surgical or surgical procedures can be chosen to achieve the best outcomes. Early diagnosis and management are critical for the best treatment results.
Dural tear with multiple nerve root entrapment simultaneously after unstable spine injury
Authors: Yudoyono Farid , Pebrianto Arief
Published: April 2021

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) caused by trauma that frequently occur are dural tears and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. They are not always detected with neuroimaging. Hence, the authors reported two cases of the dural tear with multiple nerve root entrapment after spine injury and described how managed. This case report was about two patients who had unstable spinal fractures. All patients have an asymmetrical neurological deficit. The following magnetic resonance imaging features have analyzed the presence of CSF leakage, epidural haematoma, and spine fractures. Both cases revealed intraoperative finding dural tear with multiple nerve root entrapment. We performed decompression with spinal fixation with a posterior approach, and then the patients were sent home without complication. During the follow-up period, none of the patients developed complications. The severe neurological deficit, fracture of laminar, and ligamentum flavum disruption on the MRI in patients were predictable factors in our cases.
Terminalia ferdinandiana inhibited the increased of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and prevent collagen decreased in mice skin exposed to UV-B
Authors: Emy Shalihaty , Iswari Ida Sri , Winarti Ni Wayan
Published: April 2021

Background

Kakadu cream contained 0,1% Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) extract with a high content of phenolic compound, flavonol, tocopherol, luthein, chlorophyll, and ellagic acid has potential to prevent the Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) effect on skin aging acceleration. To date, there’s no in vivo experiment on the effect of kakadu plum extract on collagen nor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kakadu cream administration in inhibiting the increase of MMP-1 expressions and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice (Mus musculus) skin exposed to UV-B.

Methods

An experimental study with a post-test only control group design was employed in 36- male-mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-25 grams. The samples were divided randomly into two groups, a control group given base cream and the study group, given Kakadu cream 0,1% on their shaved backs, 1 cm2 in size as the UV-B exposure’s location. The UV-B irradiation was done three times a week for 4-weeks. The base and Kakadu cream were given twice a day. Comparative analysis was carried out to compare MMP-1 expression and collagen amount in both groups.

Results

The results show that the mean of MMP-1 expression on the study group was significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.001). The mean collagen amount was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p< 0,001).

Conclusion

From the results, can be concluded that Kakadu cream inhibited the increase MMP-1 expression and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice skin exposed to UV-B.
The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain
Authors: Sabella  , Pangkahila Wimpie , Susraini Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah
Published: April 2021

Background

This study aimed to prove that administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and estrogen levels in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.

Methods

This research was a true experimental with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were 18-female-albino-rats aged 21-days, weight 25-28 grams, divided into 2-groups: control group which was given standard food and sugar solution (0.36 grams of sugar dissolved in 1 ml aquadest), and intervention group which was given standard food and UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk 1 ml for the first 14-days and upgraded to 2 ml for the rest 14-days, given three times a day for 28-days. The rats body weight and estrogen levels were measured using Tanita-KD-192-digital-scales and ELISA method.

Results

The control group had an increased body weight (26.2±1.2-66.1±5.94 grams; p<0,001), but there was no change in estrogen levels (38.59±11.19-44.59±5.42 ng/L; p=0.217). Whereas, the intervention group had an increased body weight (25.77±0.83-85.33±10.24 grams; p=0.008), but there was no change in estrogen levels (39.91±3.73-42.66±2.24 ng/L; p=0.066). After 28-days of intervention (posttest), it was found that the mean of body weight in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p<0.001), there was no significant difference in estrogen levels (p=0.339) and food intake from the remaining feed in both groups (0.51±0.81- 0.36±0.55 grams;p=0.823).

Conclusion

The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.
Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin
Authors: Friama Cynthia , Wiraguna Anak Agung Gde Putra , Pangkahila Wimpie
Published: April 2021

Background

Excessive sun exposure results in increased activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin in the skin which causes hyperpigmentation, a sign of premature aging. The purpose of this study was to prove that Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin and tyrosinase enzymes as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin.

Methods

This study used a randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects were 36 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Subjects were divided into two groups, the hydroquinone cream 4% group and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group exposed to UVB light. Skin samples were collected 48 hours after the last exposure to measure the tyrosinase enzyme levels using the ELISA method and the amount of melanin was examined by Masson-Fontana staining.

Results

The mean levels of tyrosinase in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 19.51 ± 5.16 ng/L and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 23.76 ± 3.09 ng/L (p = 0.005). The mean amount of melanin in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 2.98 ± 2.27% and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 4.77 ± 3.33% (p = 0.069).

Conclusion

The administration of Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin
Morel berry leaf extract reduce levels of reactive oxygen species and increase levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase of male Wistar rat exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Hartono Felicia , Pinatih Gde Ngurah Indraguna , Susraini Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah
Published: April 2021

Background

Exposure to cigarette smoke increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused oxidative stress which could lead to early aging includes vascular aging. Morel berry leaf contained flavonoid works as antioxidant that neutralized ROS. This study aimed to investigate effectivenes of Morel berry (Physalis angulata L.) leaf extract to decrease levels of ROS and increase levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Methods

This research was an experimental study with pre test-post test control group design. 16 healthy male rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, 3-4 months, weight 180-200gr were used, divided randomly into two groups. The control group was given aquadest and the treatment group was given Morel berry leaf extract 500 mg/kgBW/day. Continued to 30 minutes exposed to cigarette smoke. ROS and eNOS levels were measured before and after 28 days treatment, using rat ROS ELISA Kit and rat ENOS ELISA Kit respectively.

Results

The results showed that the mean ROS levels in the treatment group decreased significantly and was significantly lower than in control group (75.789 + 3.298 vs 91.646 + 1.970; p < 0.001). The mean eNOS levels in the treatment group increased significantly and was significantly higher than control group (8.597 + 0.375 vs 5.957 + 0.329; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that administration of Morel berry leaf extract reduced levels of ROS and increased serum levels of eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.
Administration of ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) stem decreased reactive oxygen species, visceral fat and body weight of obese rats
Authors: Novanty Vany , Pangkahila Wimpie , Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu
Published: April 2021

Background

Oxidative stress plays a role in the obesity mechanism, thus leads to premature aging. High antioxidant capacity in Bajakah tampala stem may effectively lessen oxidative stress and reduce fat mass and body weight accordingly. This study aimed to provide Bajakah tampala stem extract’s effect in lowering ROS level, visceral fat weight, and overall weight of obese male Wistar rats.

Method

A true experimental design was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with obesity. Thirty-two obese rats were evenly divided into a placebo group and a group given Bajakah tampala stem extract, with 16 rats in each group. For 28 days, both groups were fed a high-fat diet. The subject body weights were weighed every week. ROS levels and visceral fat weight were evaluated after the intervention was done. Comparative analysis between groups was performed.

Results

The results showed mean levels of ROS (56.2 ± 7.4 U/ml vs. 400.9 ± 50.7 U/ml; p < 0.001), visceral fat weight (2.6 ± 0.2 g vs. 3.4 ± 0.9 g; p < 0.001), and the final body weight (241.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 261.5 ± 13.8 g; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the study group than the control group.

Conclusion

The study indicates Bajakah tampala stem extract administration effectively reduced ROS levels, visceral fat weight, and body weight in obese male Wistar rats.
Oral administration of Bali Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) extract prevented the reduction of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training
Authors: Ismalia Kandy Rosa , Pangkahila Wimpie , Sriwidyani Ni Putu
Published: April 2021

Background

Excessive exercise cause a deterioration of organ function and structure. Overtraining will cause reduce antioxidant reserve and excess free radical production. In this condition, there will be a decrease in the number of Leydig cells in the testis and followed by a decrease in testosterone level. Bali robusta coffee extract contains active compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols. This study aims to prove whether Bali robusta coffee extract (Coffea canephora) can prevent a decrease in the number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training.

Methods

Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (placebo aquabidest 2 ml) and the treatment group (Bali robusta coffee extract of 1 gram/kg BW). Both groups received excessive physical training in the form of swimming until the subjects experienced fatigue for 21-days.

Results

The results showed that the mean of Leydig cell number in the treatment group was significantly higher, which was 3.70 ± 0.89 cell/field of view, compared to the control group, which was 2.92 ± 0.65 cell/field of view (p = 0.005). The mean testosterone level in the treatment group was also significantly higher, which was 6.32 ± 0.21 nmol/ml, compared to the control group, which was 1.95 ± 0.32 nmol/ml (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The administration of Bali robusta coffee extract (Coffea canephora) prevented a decrease in the number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training.
Intradermal injection of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was more effective than platelet rich plasma in increasing amount of collagen and fibroblasts in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) back skin exposed to ultraviolet B rays
Authors: Kencanawati Anne Carolina , Pangkahila Wimpie , Wiraguna Anak Agung Gde Putra
Published: April 2021

Background

Ultraviolet B exposure is one of the causes of extrinsic skin aging. Ultraviolet exposure may lead to skin collagen damage. This study about mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord (UCMSC) compared with platelet rich plasma (PRP) with the aim was to prove that the intradermal injection of UCMSC was more effective than PRP in increasing amount of collagen and fibroblasts in Wistar rats’ back skin exposed to Ultraviolet B rays.

Methods

This study used post-test only control group design. Subjects were 36 Wistar rats aged 2.5 months. A control group consisting of 18 Wistar rats treated with intradermal injection of PRP and the treatment group with UCMSC. Both groups were exposed to UVB with a total radiation dose of 840 mJ/cm2. The parameter of collagen was determined by picro sirius red staining while fibroblasts by Haematoxylin-Eosin staining.

Result

The mean amount of collagen in the control group was lower (57,82±6.52%) than the treatment group (65.69±4.51%) with p<0.001. The result showed there were differences in the number of collagen in both groups (p<0.05). The mean number of fibroblasts in the control group was lower (22.63±5.98 cell/field of view) than the treatment group (28.20±8.90 cell/field of view) with p=0.034. The result showed there were differences in mean of fibroblasts in both groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion

It can be concluded that the intradermal injection of UCMSC was more effective in increasing the amount of collagen and fibroblasts than intradermal injection of PRP in Wistar rats’ back skin exposed to UVB rays.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN METAKOGNISI SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERMASALAHAN MATEMATIKA DITINJAU BERDASARKAN GENDER
Authors: Hasybi Nihayatul , Munandar Dadang Rahman
Published: April 2021

This study aims to describe students' metacognitive abilities in solving math problems in terms of gender. The type of research used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive exploratory approach. The subjects of this study were two students of grade 7 SMP Negeri 2 Sukatani. The instruments used were tests and interviews. With the data analysis technique using 4 flow, namely: 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) presentation of data, and 4) drawing conclusions. The indikators used are three elements, namely planning, monitoring, and assessment (evaluation). The results of this study indicate that male students are not good enough to apply metacognition skills in solving math problems, because male students have not met the three indikators, only reaching 1 indikator, namely at the planning stage. Meanwhile, female students have implemented metacognition skills well, because they have fulfilled three indikators, namely planning, monitoring, and evaluation
ANALISIS MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SMA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL
Authors: Pyarsha Devia Haedi , Munandar Dadang Rahman
Published: April 2021

This study aims to analyze students interest in learning mathematics, especially in the material of three variable linear equation systems. The subjects of this study were X class high school students in one of the public high schools in Karawang. The research instrument used was students interest with 18 item statements containing positive statements and negative statements and containing 4 (four) indicators of interest in learning, including : 1) Feelings of pleasure/like, 2) Attention, 3) Interest, and 4) Student involvement as well as the results of observations during the mathematics learning process, especially in the SPLTV material. The results obtained in this study indicate that each indicator of students interest in learning falls into the sufficient category with a proportion of more than 50%.
ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL BERDASARKAN TEORI APOS
Authors: Silfia Ida , Pranyata Yuniar Ika Putri
Published: April 2021

This research aims to describe the analysis of students to understand the concept of the Three Variable Linear Equation System (SPLTV) based on the APOS theory (Action, Process, Object and Schema). This research did in the three students class X of MA Miftahul Huda Kepanjen. With students high (A), medium (B) and low ability categories(C). The results of the study show that highly capable subjects have an understanding of the stages of APOS (action, processes, objects and schemes). Subjects who are capable of having did’t understanding at the stage of process. While low-ability subjects have an understanding of the stages of action. In this description get node action the students tight with to understand the concept of the materi. So, researcher proposition of the teacher for notice the process materi in this study mathematics.
IoT based FRAN Architecture using Cloud and Edge Detection System
Authors: Shakya Subarna
Published: April 2021

A multi-cell Fog-Radio Access Network (F-RAN) architecture that takes into consideration the noisy interference from Internet of Things (IoT) devices and transmission takes place in the uplink with grant-free access. An edge node is used to connect the devices present in every cell and will hold a reasonable capacity in the central processor. The reading obtained from the IoT devices are used to determine the field of correlated Quality of Interests in every cell, transmitting using the Type-Based Multiple Access (TBMA) protocol. This is in contrast to the conventional protocols that are used for diagnostic purpose. In this proposed work, we have implemented the multi-cell F-RAN using cloud or edge detection in analysing the form of information-centric radio access. In a multi-cell system, cloud and edge detection are implemented and analysed. We have implemented model-based detectors and the probability of error for the asymptotic behavior in edge as well as cloud is determined. Similarly, cloud and edge detectors that are data driven are used when statistical models are not available.
Capsule Network Algorithm for Performance Optimization of Text Classification
Authors: Manoharan J Samuel
Published: April 2021

In regions of visual inference, optimized performance is demonstrated by capsule networks on structured data. Classification of hierarchical multi-label text is performed with a simple capsule network algorithm in this paper. It is further compared to support vector machine (SVM), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and other neural and non-neural network architectures to demonstrate its superior performance. The Blurb Genre Collection (BGC) and Web of Science (WOS) datasets are used for experimental purpose. The encoded latent data is combined with the algorithm while handling structurally diverse categories and rare events in hierarchical multi-label text applications.
Can ordinary people seek environmental justice in Bangladesh?
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur
Published: April 2021

The study's overarching objective was to identify the pitfalls and bottlenecks in ensuring environmental justice on an equal basis embedded in the existing legal, policy, and institutional framework. The environmental victims were examined, and the opinions of the line experts were garnered. The study revealed that ordinary people could not seek justice to the court directly for environmental damage due to bubbles in the legal and policy framework. The courts suffer from various challenges like fuzziness in the jurisdiction, lack of legal advisors, and workloads. On the other hand, the court has no power to take cognizance of an offense independently. The wealthy and influential polluters are reluctant to respect the law due to insufficient punishment prescribed by the statutes. The victims are rarely compensated, and there are a few options to resolve the dispute in alternative ways. The provision of legal aid for the poor and disadvantaged people is not much helpful. The public departments are stuck with a lack of logistics and human resources. The jurisdictional overlapping, underlapping, and conflict of interest among the departments worsen monitoring, control, surveillance (MCS), and effective coordination. The regulatory framework does not welcome the community in decision-making and natural resource management. Hence, the study recommends legal and institutional reform. Policy initiatives are warranted for effective environmental governance, green growth, campaign, and volunteerism.
Assessing the progress and pitfalls of the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change in achieving SDGs in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur
Published: April 2021

The study strived to assess the performance of the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change in achieving environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. The overarching pitfalls, shortcomings, and associated challenges were critically examined. The research used both primary and secondary data, which was collected following several research approaches. It was found that the Ministry is actively working to achieve 25 targets of SDGs. Nothing is mentioned about climate change in its mandates though it is nodal Ministry in climate adaptation and mitigation. Due to its ambiguous and viscous mandates, jurisdictional overlapping followed by the conflict of interests has been created in many other ministries and divisions. In SDGs mapping, this Ministry's role in achieving food security and responsible consumption have been downplayed. According to key informants' perception, it could not garner the community’s support in conservation initiatives. On the other hand, due to drawbacks in the legal framework, environmental justice could be ensured on an equal basis. No noticeable activities were observed that can achieve the targets 2020, agreed under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), as part of the set of Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Ministry could not establish any reliable database through which ecological, carbon, and green footprints can be measured. Correspondingly, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute cannot carry out need-based and world standard research activities. Institutional and legal reform is advocated to expedite the actions to achieve environmental sustainability. The study recommends enhancing the capacity of the Ministry.
Evolutionary Love and Companionate Marriage in Jane Austen's Novel Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Alquraidhy Khalil
Published: April 2021

In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen has selected the basic unit of human relationship, the family.  In the family we have several forms of relationships. The most fundamental relationship is there in terms of love and marriage which form the basic theme of the novel Pride and Prejudice. In the research paper, love has been analyzed as an evolutionary process. It is the logic of love that unfolds the characteristics of its main characters.  Their love has been brought out from the usual shadow of emotionalism and sentimentality. It has been put under the direct control of their ratiocination. And that is the peculiarity of Austen's treatment of love. The characters have passed through various stages of love so that, ultimately, they reach the final stage of passionate love, shorn of their pride and prejudice. From there they move to marriage which I have called the companionate marriage. When they enter matrimony, they enter it as pure companions moving together, hand in hand, in their life. It is not the marriage as established and defined by the early nineteenth century society. Austen's lovers do not abjure the society, yet they do not accept this society's concept of marriage completely. As they have shaped their love, so they will shape their marriage.
Measuring Master Students’ Online Learning Perceptions and Satisfaction during Covid-19 Crisis in Morocco
Authors: JAMIAI Abdelmajid
Published: April 2021

The implementation of technology in higher education is highly considered in research conducting during Covid-19 crisis in Morocco. This article examines students’ perceptions and the degree of satisfaction in online classes for one semester during the emergency of Covid-19 pandemic. The research design for this study is quantitative in which a questionnaire was used to collect data from thirty-two (32) respondents who are enrolled in two Master Programs of ‘Applied Language Studies and Research in Higher Education’ and ‘Language, Communication, and Society’ at the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences of Dhar Mehraz of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Morocco as a convenient sampling. The SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used to analyze the retrieved data via e-mails. The findings of this study demonstrate that the majority of Master students would like to resort to hybrid education instead of online classes per se. They also show that online learning satisfaction does not receive high levels of agreement among the respondents. The paper ends up with some recommendations for the implementation of online education in higher education.
Women Empowerment in Amish’s The Ramchandra Series: A Dharmic Narrative
Authors: D Jayavelu , Pillai Mamta
Published: April 2021

The portrayal of women in literary texts over the centuries has been stuck in the conviction that women are enormously subjugated, but now repetition of the same is considered unjustified. The canon of reformers in the literary world has started to interpret feminism from various perspectives. Women characters are reformulated and rethought by the new emerging authors and those authors reinforce a new dimension to the status and moral experience of women which was largely criticized in the domain of traditional literature. The present research, therefore, intends to elicit the narrative technique of Amish’s writings and his treatment of women characters in his novels. Amish’s women characters falsify the claims of traditional portrayal. The female protagonists of his novels highlight the punctuated identities of Indian women. They are strong, challenge traditional norms. In this regard Amish’s the Ram Chandra Series is a mythical fiction based on mythology of Ramayana with a multilinear narrative. This paper is intended to provide a brief and authentic exposition of status of women in India during the Vedic times with reference to the women characters in Amish’s the Ram Chandra Series in every aspect of social order like education, philosophy, religion, administration and warfare.
PRAGMATICS OF CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AN ANALYSIS OF OBASANJO’S LETTERS
Authors: Iredele Tolulope
Published: April 2021

The study investigates the role of language in civic engagement and demonstrates how language is used as a viable tool to propel civic actions. Hence, it focused on the locution and illocutionary acts of Obasanjo's letters to two presidents in Nigeria. Sixty sentences were selected from three open letters. The findings showed that the overall relative frequency percentages are: commissive 15%, assertive 20%, directive 48.3%, declarative 6.7%, and expressive 10%. Results show that Obasanjo, in his letters relied more on sentences that performed directive acts more than other speech acts. However, in his letters to Buhari, he used sentences with assertive acts more than he used in his letter to Jonathan. Hence, the data is characterized by a preponderance of directive, assertive and commissive acts as rhetoric strategies. The study confirms that language use in political discourse is rarely neutral. It further demonstrates that civic engagement drivers manipulate language to influence political decisions and reconstruct public opinion by propelling certain actions or inactions.
The Time-Variant Sources of Inflation and Inflation Volatility and Their Interrelations and Effects on Macroeconomic Fluctuations: Evidence from Indonesia and Thailand
Authors: Hossain Akhand Akhtar , Raghavan Mala
Published: April 2021

Indonesia and Thailand, two major open economies in Southeast Asia which operate under ‘managed-float’ exchange rate systems, have remained susceptible to both the external and domestic shocks since the East-Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. Unlike the standard monetary-policy literature, these countries have introduced ‘flexible inflation targeting’ as the monetary policy strategy under managed- float exchange rate systems. Although these countries have managed to keep inflation low on average in a low-inflation environment, inflation has however remained highly volatile. This paper attempts to answer how significant are external shocks, relative to domestic shocks, as the drivers of inflation and inflation volatility for these countries? The paper uses a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) modelling framework and monthly macroeconomic data over the period 2000M1-2015M12. The empirical results suggest that in both countries, (i) inflation is more sensitive to external shocks relative to domestic shocks, which is consistent with the inflation globalization hypothesis; (ii) Inflation volatility however remains sensitive to both the external and domestic shocks; (iii) As expected, inflation and inflation volatility exhibit a feedback relation between them, which is consistent with the Friedman-Ball and Cukierman-Meltzer propositions. The paper also highlights that inflation and inflation volatility affect the real interest and exchange rates, which affect real output and asset prices. The paper concludes that Indonesia and Thailand can make monetary policy more effective for maintaining price stability if they make the exchange rates more flexible to ameliorate the effects of external shocks on these economies.
Islam and Urbanisation Economics: The Khaldūnian Perspective
Authors: Abdul Karim Abdul Halim
Published: April 2021

Ibn Khaldūn’s in-depth analysis of civilizational development and dynamics encapsulates the socio-economic impact caused by the shift from a migratory society to a sedentary society in human history. This shift is a precursor to and reflects the process of urbanization and city living in modern life. Indeed, today’s economists, sociologists and policy makers are familiar with the problems of urbanization vis-à-vis social and economic imbalances as a result of decaying cities and neglected rural areas. The problems of urbanization are aggravated by globalization but there is little development in the understanding of the nature and impact of urbanization in the context of globalization. All indications are that the problems associated with urbanization has not only been unresolved but has worsened due to globalization. Furthermore, the emergence of cities and mega-cities around the globe together with the attendant socio-economic and political upheavals suggests a need to revisit urbanization economics. This paper attempts to contribute to fulfilling this need by drawing from Islamic scholarship with specific reference to Ibn Khaldūn’s ideas regarding civilizational dynamics. Specifically, we will leverage on a conceptual and historical approach to revisit Khaldūnian key-concepts relevant to the socio-economic impacts resulting from urbanization. This would further inform us about the dynamics of urbanization as a globalized phenomenon impacting upon the global economy and our understanding of urbanization economics.
ELMİ-TƏDQİQAT TƏCRÜBƏSİNİN KEÇİRİLMƏSİNƏ DAİR METODİK GÖSTƏRİŞ
Authors:   DES, Professor, Hajizadeh Elshan
Published: April 2021

Azərbaycan Respublikası Təhsil Nazirliyinin Elmi-Metodik Şurasının “İqtisadiyyat” bölməsinin 5 may 2004-cü il tarixli iclasının qərarı ilə təsdiq edilmişdir
Interferensi Bahasa Betawi dalam Teks Eksposisi Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 17 Depok
Authors: Pujaning Ati Aster , Ahmad Deni Nasir
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk interferensi bahasa Betawi pada tataran morfologi dalam karangan eksposisi bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 17 di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, karena penelitian kualitatif merupakan penelitian yang paling cocok untuk menganalisis kebahasaan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode simak. Tekniknya yang digunakan yaitu metode pustaka dengan membagi wacana menjadi beberapa kalimat untuk dikelompokkan dan dianalisis berdasarkan unsur pembentuknya kemudian diteruskan menggunakan teknik dasar sadap dan teknik lanjutannya teknik catat.Pada penelitian ini jumlah sampel sepertiga jumlah karangan dari satu sekolah Unsur interferensi morfologi ditemukan terdapat di 84 kalimat dari 260 kalimat atau dapat di persentasekan sebesar 32.3%. Berdasarkan analisis aspek morfologi yang sering muncul adalah perubahan vokal dan konsonan digunakan oleh peserta didik sebanyak 18 kali atau 6.9%. Penghilangan vokal dan konsonan yang digunakan peserta didik sebanyak 10 kalimat atau 3.8%. Sedangkan yang paling jarang muncul adalah penggunaan reduplikasi dan diftong dimana masing-masing hanya terjadi 6 kali atau 2.3%.
Sosialisasi Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks dan Kanker Payudara pada Komunitas Umat Basis
Authors: Mea Maria Helena Carolinda Dua
Published: April 2021

Sosialisasi deteksi dini Kanker Serviks dan Kanker Payudara dilakukan pada Komunitas Umat Basis “Reinha Rosari” pada Paroki St. Josef Freinademetz Mautapaga Kota Ende. KUB merupakan elemen masyarakat yang paling aktif, juga merupakan obyek yang mudah dijangkau. Kegiatan sosialisasi diawali dengan pembekalan narasumber sosialisasi oleh Seksi Kesehatan Dewan Pastoral Paroki (DPP) St. Josef Freinademetz Mautapaga pada Jumat, 13 Desember 2019. Kegiatan Sosialisasi pada Komunitas Umat Basis diadakan pada hari Jumat, 31 Januari 2020 dengan mengadakan survei sederhana tentang seberapa besar pengetahuan peserta sosialisasi terhadap kanker serviks dan payudara, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan materi sosialisasi, lalu diadakan sesi tanya jawab dan berbagi pengalaman, kemudian pembagian leaflet dan stiker waspada kanker serviks dan kanker payudara. Peralatan dan perlengkapan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah microphone, fotokopi materi sosialisasi, leaflet deteksi dini kanker, serta stiker waspada kanker serviks dan payudara.  Di masa yang akan datang diharapkan kegiatan sosialisasi ini dapat terus dilaksanakan dalam skala yang lebih luas seperti di tingkat RT, RW maupun Kelurahan dan Kecamatan, dengan melibatkan pihak medis dan pihak terkait serta elemen masyarakat lainnya, serta kaum pria dapat lebih terlibat dan berperan aktif dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini.
Consideraciones sobre la Espiritualidad y la Religión como Recursos de Afrontamiento durante la Pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Alvarado-Díaz Eunice , Pagán-Torres Orlando M.
Published: April 2021

La pandemia del COVID-19 se ha convertido en objeto de atención que ha amenazado la salud pública en múltiples formas, por lo que inevitablemente ha trastocado la comunidad religiosa. La asociación entre espiritualidad, religión (E/R) y salud ha sido empíricamente documentada en la literatura científica de salud mental. Dada la importancia de la E/R en la salud integral de las personas, el objetivo de este artículo consiste en exponer una serie de consideraciones relevantes sobre la E/R en el afrontamiento positivo y negativo de la pandemia del COVID-19 y el distanciamiento social. Además, se discuten los hallazgos recientes sobre la E/R y COVID-19, factores relevantes para la integración de la E/R en la psicoterapia y diversas técnicas psicoterapéuticas de base religiosa y espiritual que han mostrado ser eficaces para el manejo adaptativo de eventos estresantes y situaciones de crisis. Esta discusión plantea la importancia de desarrollar competencias en el campo de la psicología de la religión y la espiritualidad con el objetivo de conceptualizar cómo estas dimensiones podrían impactar el bienestar psicológico de las personas en situaciones de angustia y crisis. Finalmente, se discute la importancia de considerar la dimensión espiritual y religiosa como recursos de afrontamiento en situaciones de crisis e incertidumbre.
SADAFCO: The Food Basket of GCC
Authors: Ahmad Ansari Dr. Zaid
Published: April 2021

Saudia Dairy and Foodstuff Company as popularly known the SADAFCO [1], is one of the leading companies in the Gulf region and professionally managed supply chain management to ensure food for all. In terms of quality assurance, it obtained International Standard Organisation’s (ISO22000:2005) certificate and enjoyed a competitive advantage in diary industry and milk based products in serving approximately 32000 customers across the GCC region. It also enjoyed a network of distributors without any forward or backward integration strategy to cater the need of the vast markets it serves in UAE, Kuwait, and Bahrain in GCC including Jordon.

SADAFCO has about 45 years of rich experience in the industry and started all commercial activities ranging from manufacturing, storage, distribution to other logistics management after being established in 1976. SADAFCO is a Saudi brand name to be reckoned with that offered kitchen and dining table items and a wider range of products across several product lines including Milk, Tomato Paste, Ketchup, Snacks, Ice Cream, Cheese, Instant Milk Powder, Creamy Products, Fruit Nectars, Butter and French Fries to mention a few. Henceforth SADAFCO is a leading and world-class company in the GCC region. The company has good financial position over the given period of time. The challenges brought forward by the Covid-19 is not an exception to this global economic challenge has yet to be seen depending upon the financial performance of year 2020.

Historically this Saudi dairy and Foodstuff Company expanded its capacity of manufacturing and distribution after being merged with two other dairy companies and ownership was transferred to make it as holding company to be listed in home and GCC in 2005. Eventually it was listed on the Saudi Arabian stock exchange TADAWUL [2] while majority shareholding with the new entity goes to Qurain Petrochemicals Industries (QPIC). Today’s SADAFCO is a brand power and well sought after share in the securities market of the Kingdom.
Measuring Workplace Harassment Based on Gender Nonconformity
Authors: M. Main Amanda
Published: April 2021

The rise of research on workplace mistreatment in the past twenty years can be attributed to the realization that workplace mistreatment is associated with a host of deleterious outcomes for both the individual targets of the mistreatment and the organizations in which they work. However, the extant literature is failing to capture the full range of sex-based mistreatment that people may experience through a tendency to focus solely on sexual harassment and sex discrimination, which are very specific types of behavior based on one’s sex and gender stereotypes. This study introduces the construct of Not Woman Enough Harassment, or the extent to which women perceive that they are treated unfavorably because they do not meet traditionally held stereotypes of femininity. A scale was developed and validated in order to measure this type of harassment. Results demonstrated that not woman enough harassment was experienced by approximately 32.5% of the sample. The scale showed good psychometric properties, with two distinct factors of harassment based on physical and non-physical traits. Not woman enough harassment was demonstrated to be distinct from other forms of sexual and workplace harassment.
Customer's Adoption of Mobile Government Services: The Role of Trust and Information Privacy
Authors: Althuwaini Dr. Sulaiman , Salem Dr. Mohamed Saleh
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that impact the intention of Saudi citizens to use a mobile government smartphone application (Absher). Saudi Arabia seeks to invest and develop the infrastructure of the government’s mobile services, to be one of the leading countries in the region. Smartphone applications backed by mobile technologies have changed mobile services use which permit anywhere at any time access. Drawing on technology acceptance theories and relevant literature, this study developed and tested a structural model that integrates factors perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived privacy and trust in order to investigate the predictors of Absher use intention in the Saudi Arabia. The proposed model is tested using structural equation model (SEM) on data collected using an online questionnaire. Statistical analysis revealed that intention to use Absher was significantly associated with perceived trust, security and privacy, ease of use, and usefulness. Drawing on the technology acceptance model and trust theory, this study develops and empirically examines a model for users' intention to use mobile government services. This study contributes to the marketing literature by examining the impact of PU, PEOU and trust on mobile government services acceptance in developing countries.
Short or Long Review? - Text Analytics and Machine Learning Approaches to Online Reputation
Authors: Samuel Li Xiangming
Published: April 2021

This paper first constructs a numerical text review score by applying text analytics and machine learning techniques to more than three million online text reviews collected from the Airbnb platform. Next, we employ the text review score to analyze the effect of review length on text review score and obtain insights on the interplay between the text review length and online reputation. The main contributions of this paper include: experimenting with advanced text analytics and machine learning approaches to assess online reputation; constructing an innovative text review score as a new online reputation measure; building a large knowledge-based review corpus with labels; and obtaining important insights about the effects of text review length on online reputation. Further, it has managerial and business implications for all internet platform markets and the sharing economy players seeking to build more effective online reputation systems.
Factors Affecting Counterfeit Products Purchase Decision
Authors: Mustafa Saed Adnan , Salindo Randolf von Narbay
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research was to identify the factors impelling the buyers' attitude towards the purchasing intention of counterfeit products among customers. The conceptual framework is proposed by different studies. All measures used were evaluated in terms of their internal consistency also in terms of discriminant validity and convergent validity to validate the data and the questionnaire. A survey was carried out on the Oman market with 350 respondents. The results of this research found that integrity and social status have a positive relationship and significantly affected the attitude of consumers when they made their purchasing decisions while price consciousness and novelty have a negative relationship with customer attitude.
Financial Markets are Not Efficient: Financial Literacy as an Effective Risk Management Tool
Authors: Siriopoulos Costas
Published: April 2021

This paper advances the view that the deep confidence of market regulators in the assumptions and premises of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has led to the underestimation of market risks, thus inactivating the market education of existing and future investors. Hence, they have not responded to financial illiteracy, which exacerbated the recent financial crisis. Investor education may be considered as a systemic risk management tool for future financial crises and, especially, financial literacy can drive a wedge between the regulation and the prevention of severe financial crises based on expected benefits versus losses. This also will help to regain investors’ trust in the market after the crisis and instill investors with more confidence. This approach has not yet received the attention it deserves.
Implementasi Hasil Diklat Penguatan Kompetensi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah
Authors: Imran Maryam , Suking Arifin , Abdul Razak Intan
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam mengimplementasikan teknik analisis manajemen, (2) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam menilai rapor mutu, (3) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan peserta didik, dan (4) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif explanatory. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi/pengamatan, kuesioner (angket), wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian teknik analisis data yang digunakan terhadap data yang terkumpul adalah metode statistik. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam mengimplementasikan teknik analisis manajemen di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kecamatan Kota Timur termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik, (2) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam menilai rapor mutu di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kecamatan Kota Timur termasuk dalam kategori baik, (3) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kecamatan Kota Timur termasuk dalam kategori baik, dan (4) kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Se-Kecamatan Kota Timur termasuk dalam kategori baik. Untuk itu disarankan: (1) bagi dinas pendidikan, agar lebih memantau dan mengevaluasi implementasi hasil diklat penguatan di sekolah, (2) bagi lembaga penyelenggara diklat, agar lebih mempertajam dan memperkuat materi-materi diklat penguatan yang tertentu, (3) bagi kepala sekolah, agar lebih memahami kekuatan dan kelemahan sekolah serta meningkatkan kemampuan dalam membuat analisis TAM, (4) bagi guru, diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah dan juga bisa lebih mengerti tugas-tugas kepala sekolah dalam hal kompetensi manajerial agar bisa menilai kepala sekolah lebih baik lagi.