bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women’s Access to Productive Resources: A Case Study of Mid-Hill Sub-Humid Zone of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Chaudhary Rashmi , Kumar Krishan , Janjhua Yasmin
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the access of men and women to productive resources, focusing on three aspects: ownership of assets, access to credit, and decision-making regarding lending sources. Data was gathered from the mid-hill sub-humid zone of Himachal Pradesh. The results revealed that a significant portion of the women surveyed did not have ownership rights to land, whether agricultural or non-agricultural. Instead, joint ownership of assets other than land was prevalent in the area. Access to credit, a key factor in women's empowerment, showed that female respondents were more likely to rely on friends, relatives, or informal credit groups. Regarding decision-making on credit, joint decision-making was common in selecting credit sources. The study suggests that strict enforcement of existing laws is necessary to ensure women's property rights, and efforts should be made to promote ownership of assets to enhance women's empowerment and household livelihood security. Additionally, measures should prioritize easy access to formal credit for women, and the formal credit system should be expanded to reach those in need.
РАЗРАБОТКА ШИРОКОПОЛЬНОГО СКАНЕРА- ПРОФИЛОМЕТРА И НОВЫХ СПОСОБОВ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОСТИ ДЛЯ ПЕРВОГО В МИРЕ АТОМНО- СИЛОВОГО МИКРОСКОПА – СПУТНИКА ЗЕМЛИ
Authors: Логинов Б.А. , Беспалов В.А. , Образцов А.Н. , Логинов А.Б. , Логинов В.Б. , Хрипунов Ю.В. , Щербина М.А. , Севостьянова Д.А. , Богданова Д.С. , Горбачев Р.Г. , Кондратьева К.Е. , Лебедева М.А. , Мульгин А.А. , Шевченко Д.А.
Published: August 2024

Предложена и проработана новая конструкция сканера для атомно-силового микроскопа-спутника, предназначенного для работы в течение нескольких лет в автономном режиме в открытом космосе с целью исследования орбит на содержание микро- и наночастиц пыли на базе профилометра в качестве одной из осей сканирования. Микроскоп с данным сканером рассчитан и проверен на стойкость к перегрузкам до 50g при запуске, энергопотреблению не более 1 Вт от солнечных батарей, устойчив к потокам быстрых ионов солнечной плазмы, имеет большое поле сканирования открытого на космос зеркала для обнаружения и исследования попадающих на него частиц даже при малом их количестве. Показано, что применяемый в профилометрах индуктивный датчик с линейным приводом на длину в десятки миллиметров дорабатывается до разрешения в 1 нм, как по высотам рельефа за счет уменьшения магнитного зазора, так и по латерали за счет использования сверхострых алмазных игл с острием из нескольких атомов на конце.
Применение второго линейного привода для второй координаты обеспечивает сканирование строчка за строчкой больших площадей с нанометровой точностью до 10 Гигапикселей, при этом сканирование одного кадра за несколько суток вполне допустимо для космического эксперимента, длящегося несколько лет в автономном режиме. При выборе материала зеркала микроскопа разработаны новые способы измерения твердости объемных материалов и тонких пленок, имеющие ряд принципиальных преимуществ и не требующие каких-либо других приборов при наличии профилометров или зондовых микроскопов. Изготовлены и испытаны макеты основных узлов нового сканера, которые показали его принципиальную
работоспособность и позволили приступить к патентованию и изготовлению летной версии автономного космического атомно-силового микроскопа, претендующего на звание "первого в мире".
УСКОРИТЕЛЬ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ ДЛЯ ИНАКТИВАЦИИ ФЕРМЕНТА ПЕРОКСИДАЗЫ ХРЕНА
Authors: Иванов Ю.Д. , Шумов И.Д. , Аблеев А.Н. , Козлов А.Ф. , Важенкова Е.Е. , Зиборов В.С. , Долгобородов А.Ю. , Петров О.Ф. , Будник С.В. , Чурюкин Р.С. , Новиков С.В. , Тереза А.М. , Арчаков А.И.
Published: August 2024

Нанотехнологии – это технологии, которые манипулируют с объектами, имеющими характеристические размеры менее 100 нм. В работе в качестве объектов были использованы молекулы фермента пероксидазы хрена (ПХ), имеющие размеры порядка 5 нм, а устройство для их инактивации представляло из себя ускоритель электронов, позволяющий получить пучок электронов с энергией 9,7 МэВ. Было показано, что при дозе облучения 25 кГр активность этого фермента снижалась практически до нуля. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать в разработке методов стерилизации продуктов питания и упаковочных материалов для пищевой и медицинской продукции.
ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОЛЛОИДНЫХ ФОТОННО-КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СТРУКТУР. ЧАСТЬ 2
Authors: Панфилова Е.В. , Дюбанов В.А. , Ибрагимов А.Р. , Шрамко Д.Ю.
Published: August 2024

Коллоидные фотонно-кристаллические структуры – перспективный материал наноинженерии. Целью работы являлось создание комплекта масштабируемого оборудования для синтеза монодисперсных коллоидных частиц и получения из них сверхрешеток. Авторы представили описание комплекта, результаты исследования структур и сформулировали рекомендации по конструированию оборудования и реализации технологических процессов.
СИНТЕЗ И СТАБИЛИЗАЦИЯ НАНОРАЗМЕРНОГО КАРБОНАТА МАГНИЯ ГИДРОКСИЭТИЛЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗОЙ
Authors: Блинов А.В. , Рехман З.А. , Трушов П.А. , Прасолова А.В. , Ясная М.А. , Бочаров Н.М. , Вакуленко М.В.
Published: August 2024

В данной работе проводили синтез наноразмерного карбоната магния, стабилизированного гидроксиэтилцеллюлозой, методом химического осаждения в водной среде. В качестве прекурсора использовали ацетат магния, а осадителем выступал карбонат аммония. Проводили оптимизацию методики синтеза, в результате которой получили тернарную поверхность, характеризующую зависимость среднего гидродинамического радиуса наночастиц с входными параметрами. Исследована микроструктура поверхности полученных образцов методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии, и установлено, что образец сформирован стержнеобразными частицами длиной от 2 до 6 мкм, размер частиц в которых варьируется от 20 до 50 нм. Исследование фазового состава показали, что образец состоит из трех фаз с различными типами кристаллических решеток. Для определения оптимального типа взаимодействия частиц карбоната магния с гидроксиэтилцеллюлозой проводили компьютерное квантово-химическое моделирование. Выявили, что процесс стабилизации наноразмерного карбоната
магния и гидроксиэтилцеллюлозой энергетически выгоден и взаимодействие происходит через гидроксильную группу. Также для подтверждения результатов моделирования образцы исследовали методом ИК-спектроскопии с преобразованием Фурье. Анализ результатов выявил, что взаимодействие наночастиц MgCO3 происходит с заряженной группой OH–.
НАНОСТРУКТУРНОЕ ПОКРЫТИЕ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ
Authors: Ситдиков В.М. , Дударева Н.Ю.
Published: August 2024

Исследовано влияние наноструктурного покрытия, сформированного методом микродугового оксидирования на поршнях двигателей внутреннего сгорания на токсичность отработавших газов. Выявлена роль наноразмерной пористости в механизме снижения токсичности.
Problems of Radicalization and Fragmentation of Ummah in Modern Indonesian Sociology of Islam
Authors: Kirchanov M. W.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the article is to analyse the Muslim intellectual tradition in Indonesia in contexts of social problems of Islam and the Ummah. The novelty of the study for Russian historiography and Indonesian studies lies in the comprehensive analysis of the main trends and directions in the development of Muslim social thought in modern Indonesia. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of intellectual and social history, which allow us to perceive and analyse the experience and academic contribution of Muslim intellectuals involved in discussing the social problems of Islam, through the prism of the production and reproduction of meanings as a process of invention of traditions. The article analyses the main features of the perception and analysis of the problems of radicalisation of Islam and its consistent fragmentation in modern Muslim thought in Indonesia. It is expected that Ummah intellectuals, analysing the social characteristics of Islam, as well as the threats of radicalization and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism that Indonesia as a secular state face, contribute to the development of the identity of modern Indonesian society. The article shows that 1) Muslim intellectuals pay special attention to the problems of radicalisation of Islam, 2) the study of regional characteristics of Islam plays a signifi cant role in the development of the sociology of Islam, 3) the radicalisation of Islam is perceived as a multi-level process associated with the growth of political contradictions and the deepening of social and regional trends fragmentation of society. The author’s main conclusions are: 1) Muslim intellectuals make a signifi cant contribution to the development and progress of modern Muslim sociology in Indonesia, 2) academic scientifi c journals play a leading role in the production and relaying of social knowledge and experience of the Ummah, 3) the modern Muslim intellectual tradition in Islamic sociology is based based on the principles of interdisciplinarity and moderately fragmented.
The First Translations of the Qur’an into Russian Made in the Era of Peter the Great: the Current State of Research and Prospects for Further Study
Authors: Mukhetdinov D. V.
Published: August 2024

This article is published on the occasion of the launch of the series “Qur’an in Russia”, which includes all historical translations of the Qur’an into Russian. The series was opened with the reprint of “The Al-Koran of Mohammed” published in 1716, the fi rst complete translation of the Qur’an into Russian. Another translation of the Qur’an into Russian, also made in the fi rst quarter of the 18th century and preserved in manuscript, is currently being transcribed and translated into modern Russian for the next edition. In the course of this work, the researchers of the Moscow Islamic Institute and the “Medina” publishing house have studied the manuscripts of the translations and the copies of the Qur’anic translation published in 1716, including the correction edition as well as its typeset manuscript. We also analysed the results of Russian historiographical studies on these documents. The main results of our research on this subject are reported in the present work.
Shaykh Ahmetjan Mustafi n. Social Elements of Islam and the Spirit of the Epoch
Authors: Zaripov I. A.
Published: August 2024

This is a commented translation into Russian of the only publication of Ahmetjan Mustafi n (1902–1964) — the Muhtasib of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the European part of the USSR and Siberia (DUMES) for the Moscow and Gorky regions, the Chuvash and Mordovian ASSR, imam-khatib of the Moscow Cathedral Mosque in 1964–1986. The publication, published in Arabic in issue 3–4 of the magazine “Al-muslimūn fī ash-sharq as-sufi ā tiy” (“Muslims of the Soviet East”) for 1970, is a transcript of the author’s speech at the International Conference “For the Unity of Muslims in the Struggle for Peace, against Imperialist Aggression”, which took place in the same year in Tashkent. The speech is mainly an apologetics of the socialist system and the foreign policy of the USSR from the point of view of Islam in it’s modernist understanding, expressed both in direct reference to the sacred primary sources and through quoting the main representatives of this movement of the late XIX — early XX centuries — ‘Abdo, Afghani, Marjani and Bigiev.
Social and Political Activity of Muslim Women of Moscow in the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Salakhetdinova D. R.
Published: August 2024

The article focuses on the development of socio-political activities of Tatar women in Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century. This research seeks to illustrate to the academic community the status of Tatar women in early 20th-century society, and to contemplate the socio-political and public issues specifi cally faced by contemporary Tatar Muslim women and more broadly by the Muslim community in Russia. These activities became possible because, by the early 20th century, the Tatars had established the phenomena of women’s education and a female middle class. Among Muslims of Russia, these phenomena were predominantly observed among the Tatars. It was during this period that the legal, political, and social rights of Tatar women began to be consolidated as a comprehensive set of rights aimed at ensuring genuine gender equality.

The novelty of this article is defi ned by the author’s attempt to analyze Muslim periodicals from the early 20th century to conduct a study on the activities of the Moscow Muslim women’s movement in protecting women’s rights, including political ones, as well as its participation in (including national) bodies and local self-governing bodies in April-May 1917.
PROFIT SHARING MECHANISM IN PRULINK SYARIAH INVESTOR ACCOUNT PRODUCT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF MUDHARABAH MUSYTARAKAH CONTRACT
Authors: Mufdalifa Eva
Published: August 2024

PRUlink Syariah Investor Account is one of the products launched by PT Prudential Insurance, which is a sharia insurance product with a single contribution combined between investment and insurance protection. PRUlink syari'ah is here to provide choices for the community in preparing for the future of his life and family. PRUlink syari'ah gives participants the option to choose what type of investment they want with each risk they have. Profit sharing of investment results is developed with a mudharabah musytarakah system. The insurance participants are the owners of capital (shahibul mal) and the sharia insurance company functions as a trustee (mudharib). The profit obtained from the development and it is divided between the participants and the company in accordance with the agreed provisions.  This study aims to determine whether the application of mudharabah musytarakah at PT Prudential Insurance Sigli branch is in accordance with the principles contained in Islamic shariah. The results of this study are the application of the mudharabah musytarakah contract at PT Prudential Insurance Sigli branch is in accordance with the principles contained in Islamic shari'ah, the profits obtained will be put into the participant's pool of funds and then deducted by insurance costs. If there is an excess of funds remaining, it will be divided according to the principles of mudharabah musytarakah contract 70% of the profit for participants and 30% for the company. Profit sharing that is not in accordance with Islamic sharia principles is void.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTENCE OF ELEMENTS OF GHARAR AND TADLIS IN MEMBER CARD OPERATIONS IN BUYING AND SELLING
Authors: Mauza Putroe Salsabila
Published: August 2024

Rabbani Banda Aceh branch is one of the companies engaged in fashion that implements a membership shopping system or member card. In its implementation, consumers who want to become members are required to pay an initial registration fee and must also pay for the extension of the member card when the period has expired. This kind of transaction will be very vulnerable to elements that are prohibited in muamalah. The purpose of this study is to determine how the operations and workings of the member card Rabbani Banda Aceh and also the validity of the Rabbani member card operations in terms of the existence of elements of gharar and tadlīs. The research method used is descriptive analysis, data obtained from interviews, documentation and literature studies. From the results of the study it was found that the operational practice of member cards, participants must pay a registration fee of Rp.50,000 for global members and Rp.10,000 for student members and will get a 10% discount on every purchase valid for one year. Members must pay Rp.25,000 to extend their card. In terms of the elements of gharar and tadlīs, the practice of using member cards at Rabbani does not contain the element of tadlīs, but there is an element of gharar in additional fees when extending member cards. The element of gharar in the implementation of member cards at Rabbani Banda Aceh occurs in the limitation of student member discounts which are only discounted on headscarves and also the lack of clarity of discount information outside members which is not known by consumers of member cards so that members cannot take advantage of their members.
APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL SANCTIONS AGAINST RESTAURANT OWNERS WHO FACILITATE NON-FASTING MUSLIMS DURING RAMADHAN
Authors: Murhaban Teuku
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this writing is to explain why the application is not effective. Criminal Sanctions against violators of qanun No.11 of 2002 concerning the implementation of Islamic Shari'a in the field of Worship, Article 10 paragraph (1) jo Article 22 paragraph (1). Based on the research results, it is known that the ineffective application of criminal sanctions in Article 10 paragraph (1) jo Article 22 paragraph (1) of qanun No. 11 of 2002 concerning the implementation of Islamic Shari'a is due to the limited members of Wilayatul al-Hisbah then the distance travelled by the security team during operations to patrol is not easy to reach because of the vast area of Aceh Besar district and the low human resources of Wilayatul al-Hisbah members and the community about the implementation of this qanun and there is no cooperation of all elements. From the explanation that has been listed above, it can be concluded that the application of criminal sanctions against violators of qanun No. 11 of 2002 concerning the implementation of Islamic Shari'a Article 10 paragraph (1) jo Article 22 paragraph (1) does not run effectively in Aceh Besar Jantho City.
BLASPHEMY ACCORDING TO THE ITE LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Khairani Khairani , Fahmi Chairul , Sabar Aiyyub
Published: August 2024

This research is about a case of insulting Islam committed by Malikussaleh University Faculty of Law Lecturer, Lhokseumawe Mirza Alfath who insulted Islam via the Internet. Based on the clarification of Mirza Al-Fath's statement, a lecturer at Malikussaleh University in the Lhokseumawe Police Chief's Hall, the Lhokseumawe City Ulema Consultative Assembly (MPU) concluded that Mirza Al-Fath's statements in the text, based on the criteria of the Aceh MPU Fatwa Number 4 of 2007, were heretical. Therefore, the researcher sees the case as a phenomenon of blasphemy in Lhokseumawe City. The researcher tried to see the case from the legal perspective of the ITE Law and Islamic Law how the sanctions given to Mirza Al-Fath. The method used in this research is field research method through normative approach. Research is conducted on regulations and legal materials. The purpose of this research is to further examine the problems that occur and how sanctions are given and see the extent of the legal status of the ITE Law and Islamic Law. The results of this study found that the basic criteria for blasphemy by Mirza Al-Fath is the emergence of a sense of hatred or hostility of individuals and/or certain community groups based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup (SARA). Consideration of the ITE Law in regulating sanctions for perpetrators of blasphemy through social networks can be requested if the perpetrator is insafaf. Blasphemy is regulated in Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11/2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions. While the criminal provisions are regulated in article 45 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Meanwhile, according to Islamic law that everyone who harasses the values of sharia must be punished with death or recantation. The sanction given by Malikussaleh University is honourable dismissal as a lecturer.
AMENDMENT OF COPYRIGHT LAW FROM COMPLAINT OFFENCE TO ORDINARY OFFENCE IN REVIEW ACCORDING TO JARIMAH HUDUD
Authors: Mawar Siti , Marliani Lena
Published: August 2024

Changes in Copyright Law has existed, but the classification of copyright offences is still classified as a complaint offence. The amendment of copyright law No. 6 of 1982 with UUHC No. 7 of 1987 resulted in a change in the type of classification of copyright offences from complaint offences into ordinary offences. This study aims to explain the basis of the issuance of Act No. 7 of 1987 so that there is a change in the classification of offences changed from complaint offences into ordinary offences related to criminal law policy and to know and explain how the legal protection of copyright after the change in the classification of offences, as well as the view of Islamic law into jarimah ḥudud. Data analysis is done in the form of library research, namely by descriptive analysis method, which is a method of describing, describing things related to the problem written and researched. The results showed that the consideration of the issuance of UUHC No. 7 Year 1987 based on the dictum weighing that is because there are still many copyright infringements during the classified as a complaint offence. Changes in the type of classification of offences in the UUHC due to pressure from outside countries on the Indonesian government to change the provisions of the UUHC because the Act in force is perceived as unable to overcome the violations and copyright crimes that occur. While in Islamic criminal law the act of piracy may be subject to punishment.  Piracy is classified into jarimah ḥudud with punishment in the form of cutting hands if it has reached the nisab. In theqiasan method, the punishment for piracy is equated with the punishment for theft (Sariqah). Whereas in positive law, the penalty is imprisonment for a maximum of five years or a fine of Rp.500,000.00 in accordance with Article 72 of Law No. 19 of 2002 concerning Copyright Protection.
SUPERVISION SYSTEM ON THE EXISTENCE OF ILLEGAL TRANSPORT CARS IN BANDA ACEH
Authors: Melinda Shafira , Faisal
Published: August 2024

The City of Banda Aceh as the capital of Aceh Province which is the center of government, center of religious tourism, education and trade center has caused the level of traffic congestion in the Serambi Mecca area to be high enough to encourage people to use public transportation services as a means of transportation. This study uses a qualitative method with a socio-juridical approach and is descriptive analysis in nature. Primary data collection was obtained in the field while secondary data was obtained from library research. The results of the research show that the enforcement has been carried out by the Department of Transportation in several predetermined locations. Law enforcement at the transportation agency against illegal public transport has carried out direct supervision from the Department of Transportation in collaboration with related parties, actions taken by the transportation agency have also been adjusted to the law or established rules, this authority is given to the police in the form of cooperation conducted with the Department of Transportation. The duties of the Department of Transportation as part of the Al-Hisbah system whose duty is to supervise, coach and submit case files to investigators can also be seen from the actions taken, even though at this time the review conducted found that the L300 Batoh terminal was free from illegal public transportation.
IMPLICATIONS OF POLICY CHANGES IN MURABAHA FINANCING REPAYMENT PATTERNS AT PT. BANK ACEH SHARI'AH
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Yusuf Yusriaina
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to find out how the repayment mechanism of murabahah financing in the forward period and after the policy change, and to find out if there is a risk caused by a decrease in margins for aceh shari'ah banks on previous financing and how Islamic law views on policy changes made by banks and customers who make changes to repayment patterns. From the results of further analysis, it shows that there are differences in the repayment mechanism of advanced period murabahah financing before and after the policy change Before the policy change, the advanced period repayment pattern used is that the bank only requires the customer to pay the remaining principal instalments plus administrative costs, while after the policy change, the advanced period repayment pattern used is that the bank will give a discount or discount to the customer. as well as according to the views of Islamic law on policy changes made by banks and customers who make changes to repayment patterns.
EXCEPTION CLAUSES IN BOOK CONTRACTS REVIEWED ACCORDING TO CIVIL LAW AND THE CONCEPT OF IJARAH CONTRACTS: A CASE STUDY ON SPARTAN RENTAL CAR JAMBO TAPE BANDA ACEH
Authors: Jimmi Muhammad
Published: August 2024

A standard contract is a contract that has been made in a standard form, or printed in large quantities with blanks for several parts that are the object of the transaction, such as the amount of transaction value, type, and amount of goods transacted, so that it does not open opportunities for other parties to negotiate what will be agreed to be stated in the contract. Based on the results of the research that Spartan Rental Car does not use standard clauses, but with so many service providers that a standard contract is made to facilitate rental activities and the standard contract that has been used there are clauses that burden service users and are prohibited by law called exclusion clauses. The current standard contract is used to take advantage of the owner of the capital and give disadvantages to service users. Overcoming the polemics of contract transactions like this, it is hoped that there will be legal rules that can provide fresh air to service users and business capital owners.
THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN INCREASING SALT PRODUCTION IN GAMPONG CEBREK PIDIE DISTRICT ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Halidasari Armaya , Abdullah Arifin
Published: August 2024

Production is a tiered work that requires human earnestness, great sacrifice, and centralised power in a certain environment to realise material and spiritual usability. The purpose of this study is to see what obstacles salt farmers face and how the government's role in overcoming these obstacles, as well as how the Islamic economic perspective on the role of government in salt production activities. The role played by the government must be in line with the rules of sharia. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The results of the study found that the obstacles faced by salt farmers in Cebrek village must be addressed immediately by the relevant agencies for the sake of smooth production and produce the best quality salt. The government involved in this salt production business is the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Based on the research results, so far the marine and fisheries service has not fully carried out the obligations that must be carried out to increase salt production in Gampong Cebrek. In the perspective of Islamic economics, the government, which has the power to regulate the people including in economic activities, must be able to hold firmly to the foundation of the Qur'an and Sunnah in carrying out its authority to be fair in accordance with the rules and norms that apply in the frame of Sharia.
NATURE OF HONEY AS A COMMODITY SUBJECT TO ZAKAAH: AN ONTOLOGICAL STUDY OF HONEY'S SIMILARITY TO WHEAT AND MILK
Authors: Sabil Jabar , Guslianita Wiwin
Published: August 2024

Zakat is an obligation for Muslims which has been stipulated in the Qur'an, and Sunnah. However, the scholars differed in determining the types of assets that must be issued zakat, one of which was honey. Seeing the developments in the contemporary century, honey is not only produced naturally and individually, and even becomes a commodity of trade, in this study the problem being studied is how the opinion of the school of scholars on alms and how the essence of honey is a zakat. The type of research used is interdisciplinary qualitative research with a conceptual approach based on secondary data (literature). The result of the research is that the zakat of honey according to Imam al-Shāfi‘ī has the law that the first two opinions (in qaul qadim) must be issued zakat because it is based on the opinion that has been narrated by the Bani Syababah who issued their zakat in the amount of 10% (ten percent). The second (in his qaul jadid) argues that honey is not obligatory for zakat, because honey is not a staple food, and it is not mandatory for honey to be issued one tenth as milk. According to Imam Abū Ḫanīfah, honey is obliged to be paid zakat. Abū Ḫanīfah is of the opinion that the charity of honey is analogous to the yield of plants and fruits, because every income derived from the earth is considered equal to income derived from bees, because honey is formed from the essence of plants and flowers the flowers that are continuously stockpiled must be paid zakat. Honey can be used as agricultural zakat and trade zakat (tijarah). Agricultural zakat equates honey with wheat because it is sourced from plants. Trade zakat (tijarah) is based on honey which is specially bred and sold (traded).
REVIEW OF SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW ON STAPLE STOMACHING
Authors: Zuhra Fira Salsabila , Friatna Ida , Eriyanta Nahara
Published: August 2024

In Islam iḥtikār, namely the hoarding of goods is not justified due to the act of controlling the market in such a way that it can damage the existing market mechanism with a type of goods controlled by the person concerned, so that he can control the price at will by hoarding it (holding it). In reality, this activity is practiced among traders in the Trienggadeng market, as a result of which basic commodities are scarce on the market which is followed by soaring commodity prices for basic commodities. The formulation of the research problem is how is the practice of hoarding staples carried out by traders in the Trienggadeng market, what are the factors for hoarding staples by traders, and how is the review of sharia economic law towards the practice of hoarding staples by traders. This study uses a type of descriptive qualitative research analysis with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that the practice of hoarding goods in the Trienggadeng market is carried out when merchandise stocks are running low. Groceries traders sell goods at twice the normal price and even increase 100% of the previous price on the grounds that there is no means of transportation to transport the community's needs. The factor in the hoarding of staple goods is because the stock of merchandise on the market is running low, and also due to the factor that goods are rare and difficult to obtain so that buyers buy up goods for their own needs, and traders buy up goods needed by the community to stock goods sold for their needs and profits. So that the Fiqh scholars do not allow iḥtikār because every act of persecution including iḥtikār is forbidden by other. religions.
SUPERVISION SYSTEM OF THE TRANSPORT AGENCY ON INTERCITY TRANSPORT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AL-HISBAH
Authors: Rahmayana Rina
Published: August 2024

This study examines the supervision of the Aceh Provincial Department of Transportation (AKDP) from the perspective of the al-Hisbah concept, taking the Aceh Transportation Service as the object of study. Al-Hisbah is the most important form of monitoring economic life both internally and externally. The Department of Transportation is one of the al-Hisbah institutions. It has been involved in traffic control and transport, especially intercity transport within the province (AKDP). There are many problems associated with the development of official public transport. Intercity transport within the province (AKDP) is regulated by the government, especially the Ministry of Transport, one of the rules listed in the Minister of Transport Regulation (Permenhub) Number 15 of 2019 concerning the organisation of transport of people with public motor vehicles on routes. The purpose of this study was to find out the supervision system implemented by the Department of Transportation (AKDP) in Aceh, and to find out al-Hisbah's perspective on the supervision system implemented by the Department of Transportation (AKDP) in Aceh. The method used in this study, namely descriptive analysis method, using interview techniques, observation and documentation in the data collection process. The results of this study show that the Department of Transportation has supervised the intercity intra-provincial transport (AKDP) by making a draft activity plan in advance, so that later there will be no irregularities in the supervision.
SALE AND PURCHASE OF FURNITURE WITH ISTISNA' CONTRACT ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Munandar Aris , Mustaqilla Safira
Published: August 2024

The sale and purchase of furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang is generally carried out by means of an order (istiṣnā'). The problems in this study are how the practice of buying and selling furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang, and how Islamic Law views the delay in the delivery of goods in the istiṣnā' contract in buying and selling furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang. The results of this study show that order buying is permissible as long as all the conditions and pillars are fulfilled. The delay in delivery of goods in the sale and purchase of furniture in Sukakarya Subdistrict, Sabang is a violation of the sale and purchase agreement. The sale and purchase agreement is clear and agreed upon by both parties, but one of the parties, namely the seller, does not fulfil his obligations (does not deliver the goods at the specified time). According to Islamic law in this sale and purchase, the seller is obliged to deliver the goods even if he has to delay it temporarily. Delaying the delivery of goods is allowed if the person is in a difficult situation, then a time limit can be given according to the agreement.
ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF BULOG RICE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW:A STUDY IN ACEH BESAR DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Authors: Jihad Azka Amalia , Fikramullah Al-Ayyubi , Shabarullah Shabarullah
Published: August 2024

The sale and purchase of rice carried out by BULOG Aceh Besar Regency has problems related to the quality of rice traded due to the storage of rice for too long by BULOG, causing moisture and water content of rice to damage the quality of rice, and consumers feel disadvantaged when consuming it. This research aims to find out how the policy of Bulog Aceh Besar in maintaining the stability of price of rice products marketed by farmers, and how the policy of Bulog Aceh Besar in maintaining and controlling the quality of rice in the process of stocking rice in the warehouse. The methods used are field research and library research. This type of research is a case study that is empirical law. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation and literature review. The research findings show the following: First, the policy of Perum BULOG Aceh Besar in maintaining the stability of rice product prices is carried out by purchasing grain based on HPP provisions, maintaining prices at the farm level and maintaining adequate stocks and overcoming emergencies, disasters and food insecurity. Second, BULOG Aceh Besar's policy of maintaining and controlling the quality of rice in the process of storing rice in the warehouse is carried out through integrated warehouse pest management (PHGU), promoting warehouse cleanliness, monitoring the implementation of commodity and warehouse maintenance, conducting preventive activities and curative pest control activities such as fumigation in case of pest infestation. Thirdly, the review of mabi' in Fiqh Muamalah on the system of controlling the quality and quantity of rice at BULOG Aceh Besar is in line with Islamic economic principles, where BULOG, in maintaining the quality and quantity of rice, truly considers the benefits of many ummah in times of rice scarcity by not including elements of ihtikar in the form of one group's profit only.
GOLD LOANS AT ISLAMIC BANK AMANAH SYARIAH BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW
Authors: Ilham Yana , Nasrun Mahdalena
Published: August 2024

Institutions engaged in capital have their own system or method of channeling capital, such as the Amanah Syariah UPK which is an institution that manages activities to overcome and assist in the economic field, carried out independently in developing community welfare. Capital provided in the form of loans or debts with the object being gold. The focus of the problem in this study is how the consideration of UPK Amanah Syariah provides loans in the form of gold, how is the mechanism of gold loan practices at UPK Amanah Syariah Samatiga District, West Aceh Regency? and how the Islamic economic review of the management of profit sharing in gold loan practices at UPK Amanah Syariah. This research is a field research by conducting interviews and documentation, while the data analysis method is descriptive qualitative. This study concludes that first, the consideration of providing loans in the form of gold is based on the results of deliberations of several parties which resulted in a convention from conventional UPK to UPK Amanah Syariah to avoid usury. Second, the service set is 10% per year, lower than the previous 18%. The practice carried out at the time of ijab qabul uses a murabahah contract. Lending and returning according to the gold in the contract, or it can also be in the form of money worth the gold loaned.
LEGALITY OF MURABAHAH CONTRACTS SYSTEM IN ISLAMIC FINANCING INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Hakim Ahmad Luqman , Munandar Irfa
Published: August 2024

Uṡaimīn regarding the legality of sales and purchase agreements in financial institutions. The question emerges to what extent the propositions and patterns of legal reasoning used by Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ al-Uṡaimīn? This research was conducted using qualitative methods, the type of research is descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that according to Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ al-Uṡaimīn the sale and purchase agreement through a financing institution or other financing company is invalid and void. The proposition used by Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ al-Uṡaimīn is QS. Al-Baqarah [2] verse 275 which states the halal nature of buying and selling and the prohibition of usury. Another argument refers to the hadith history from Abu Dawud, Al-Tirmizi, Al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah, and Imam Ahmad who both narrated the prohibition of the Prophet Muhammad from selling an item that he did not already own. From the arguments he used, it was discovered that the istinbath method he used was the ta'liliyyah method, namely a method of legal discovery and reasoning whose main focus is to see whether there is legal illat in the problem being studied. In the case of buying and selling at a finance company, Muḥammad bin Ṣāliḥ al-Uṡaimīn discovered and saw the practice of usury in it, so that usury became illat or the legal reason for prohibiting this practice.
ANALISIS PRAKTIK GANTI RUGI PADA PRODUK ARRUM HAJI MENURUT FIQH MUAMALAH
Authors: Fanisa Yara
Published: August 2024

One of the superior products of Pegadaian Syariah is the Hajj arrum product which provides Hajj assistance funds by pawning gold weighing 3.5 grams or the equivalent of 1.5 gold mayams, and customers have received a loan of IDR 25,000,000 to register for the Hajj portion. Pegadaian Syariah is inseparable from the risk of loss, so compensation (ta'widh) is applied. The determination of ta'widh must be in accordance with the applicable rules in accordance with the Fatwa DSN-MUI and Islamic Law. This type of research uses qualitative research methods and uses a normative-empirical legal approach with data from laws and regulations, fatwas of scholars, and other secondary data. The results showed that the mechanism of compensation practices in the Arrum Haji product at Pegadaian Syariah Darussalam Banda Aceh, this has been determined by the nominal amount of a maximum percentage of 4% which has been made in accordance with the institution's regulatory policies and agreed upon by the customer. However, the amount of compensation is only made by one party and the customer only follows the rules without knowing what form of loss the Sharia Pawnshop will experience if the customer delays in paying the financing installments. So that the implementation of the practice of compensation (ta'widh) is not in accordance with the contents of the MUI DSN Fatwa No. 43 / DSN-MUI / VIII / 2004 concerning compensation (ta'widh) which explains how the practice of compensation (ta'widh) should not include nominal losses, but must be in accordance with the actual losses or real losses incurred by the customer.
ANALISIS PENETAPAN BIAYA PERKARA PERDATA PADAPENGADILAN NEGERI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Deva sari Putri , Rahmatillah Syarifah
Published: August 2024

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of civil case fee provisions based on PERMA No. 03/2012 and identify factors that influence the high or low cost of case determination. The data collection method used was field research, which involved direct observation and interviews with relevant parties at the District Court of Banda Aceh City. In this study, it was found that the Banda Aceh City District Court has implemented the provisions of PERMA No. 03/2012 well. The management of case costs is conducted in a transparent and accountable manner, with clear details of costs provided to the parties. In addition, the mechanism for refunding costs for cases that were canceled or terminated was also applied in accordance with the provisions. The fee-setting process was conducted by taking into account various factors affecting the level of fees, including administrative and operational costs. The results of the study indicate that the costs of determining civil cases in the District Court of Banda Aceh City are in accordance with the provisions of PERMA, which supports the achievement of fair and transparent justice. This research confirms the importance of compliance with PERMA in ensuring that the fees charged are fair and in accordance with the applicable provisions, as well as providing the necessary protection for litigants.
PERHITUNGAN KERUGIAN TERHADAP KERUSAKAN RUMAH GARANSI PADA PERUMAHAN MEUGAH PROPERTY
Authors: Mahera Rauza , Razak Abd , Akbar Hajarul
Published: August 2024

The warranty agreement is intended as an effort to protect consumers or buyers from various possible damage to the house sold by the developer or the poor quality of the house being transacted. In the warranty agreement, the developer and its consumers include several standard agreement clauses that contain several things so that consumers can claim the quality of the house they bought. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies. In this study shows that the warranty system applied by the developer uses an oral agreement, not set forth in writing, the developer provides a warranty to its consumers only for 3-6 months the house that has been purchased by the consumer is no longer available to repair damage to the house, but in one transaction the house has a lot of physical damage so that the buyer must deal with the developer again, in this case the developer also felt disadvantaged because the builders were original in building the house so that after the house was completed there was damage to the house, the conclusion explains that in this problem it is necessary when buying and selling transactions to also use khiyar conditions in it, this is useful for circumstances at any time the qualifications of the house and the agreement are not the same as at the beginning promised and the buyer can cancel the agreement, because it is only limited to verbal agreements, the agreement that has been agreed upon at the beginning results in legal weaknesses and losses between the two parties.
PERSAINGAN USAHA BUSANA TRADITIONAL DAN E-MARKET DI PASAR ACEH
Authors: Jannah Khairatul , Maulana Muhammad , Husnul Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Business competition requires the tenacity of business actors to exist so that they can survive the development of businesses that continue to compete rapidly in the era of technological progress. In the sale and purchase transaction, of course, there is mabi', which is the object of legal sale and purchase. Mabi' as the object of sale and purchase has conditions that must be met by the seller, such as clear and standardised object quality in the sale and purchase transaction. In the general substance of Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, efforts made by the government to minimize normal market mechanisms, namely giving licences to new companies to create competition as a form of democracy for the economy, increasing offers on goods with products that tend to be the same in fulfilling the free right to choose consumers. This type of research is a qualitative, descriptive approach through case studies. The efforts of fashion traders to make an adjustment process with several stages, namely adaptive, motivation and attitude towards the realistic present,. And the efforts of fashion traders in surviving in the world of online market competition to make a profit are that they must have a large enough initial capital to be able to start a business and must think about a place to sell and a sales marketing strategy through a marketplace platform or other online sales, and must apply a mixed approach by integrating conventional offline and online marketing in order to help traders reach various types of consumers.
PENERAPAN SANKSI PADA PEGAWAI INDISIPLINER DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH MUAMALAH
Authors: Sausan Athirah  , Azka Amalia Jihad
Published: August 2024

This research examines the process of proving an ijārah 'ala al-'amāl contract and the effectiveness of sanctions applied by the Badan Kepegawaian Aceh. The method used is an empirical legal approach in which data is collected from primary sources such as interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. Secondary data is collected from secondary sources such as books, journals, and other resources related to this research. The findings show that the sanctions applied have not been fully effective in tackling arrears. This research is important because the sanction policy of Badan Kepegawaian Aceh needs to be evaluated in order to improve the supervision and enforcement of employee discipline, as well as to ensure that the application of ijārah 'ala al-'amāl is in accordance with applicable principles. The level and type of sanctions for default are listed in Government Regulation No. 94 of 2021 on the Discipline of Civil Servants. Meanwhile, defaulting employees are subject to a series of disciplinary enforcement procedures. The first step is a warning in the form of a summons to provide information about the absence. If the employee fails to comply with the summons, a follow-up summons will be issued. If the employee still refuses to comply, disciplinary action will be taken. The first disciplinary action will usually be a light sanction. This serves as a warning and encouragement to comply with attendance and work discipline rules. However, if the employee still repeats the offence or commits another offence, moderate or more severe sanctions will be imposed. These include sanctions such as deduction of TTP, demotion, delayed salary increases, or even dismissal, depending on the policy and the level of offence committed.