bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo safeguarding of key links through multiple random walks in large network
Authors: Bai Qian , Ni Longfei , Zhang Yongxin , Yao Weibin
Published: October 2024

Safeguarding important links is a useful way to promote network vulnerability, especially in sparse networks where random link failures can disconnect the network. Sustaining network connectivity is the main goal of safeguarding and can be handled by selectively safeguarding links belonging to certain cuts of a network. However, due to the inherent high complexity of cut enumeration, existing algorithms can only handle small‐scale networks with limited nodes. It is important to find practical algorithms that are feasible for large‐scale graphs, as a significant portion of real‐world graphs under investigation are not as small as dozens of nodes. To address the problem, we propose to use a high‐precision approximate approach to accelerate the first step of the two‐step safeguard process and thus accelerate the whole process. A Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to exploit efficient random paths for small cuts enumeration, which can help locate important edges with high probability in large‐scale sparse networks. These edges will then be utilized to find the approximated minimum cost edge set whose safeguarding can sustain the expected network connectivity. The algorithm is validated using various sizes of graphs of random/Barbasi–Albert scale‐free/Clustered scale‐free/unit disk/Watts–Strogatz small‐world and real‐world graphs. The experimental results show that the algorithm can perfectly sustain the network connectivity, and the acceleration ratio of more than 105 can be achieved with a little additional overhead. Specifically, in large graphs of one million nodes, approximated safeguard solutions survive at least 99.9% random link failures, and the solution time can be further reduced to dozens of seconds when the algorithm steps are easily implemented in full parallel.
Variability of the Microbiota in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ccami‐Bernal Fabricio , Barriga‐Chambi Fernanda , Ortiz‐Benique Zhamanda N. , Ferrary Evelyne , Torres Renato
Published: October 2024

Objective

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by a persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that could be potentially linked to a dysregulation between the microbiota and the immune system. We aim to explore general, methodological, and microbiological aspects of microbiota research in CRS compared to disease‐free individuals.

Data Sources

Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

All studies comparing the composition of the resident microbiota of the sinonasal cavities in 2 groups: CRS and normal participants. We conducted systematic study selection, data extraction, and analysis first using the title and abstract, and then the full texts based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Compiled and presented findings include sampling site and technique, and microbiological results such as the relative abundance and the variability of the composition of the microbiota in both groups.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies, using genomic identification with 16s RNA were analyzed. Case definitions primarily followed EPOS or AAO‐HNS guidelines, with endoscopic swabs (82%), and middle meatus sampling (74%) being prevalent techniques. Despite relative abundance variability, patterns emerged across studies, indicating an increase in Haemophilus (19%) and Pseudomonas (11%), and decrease in Propionibacterium (15%) and Anaerococcus (11%). Another pattern was observed, showing a decreased alpha diversity (6/19; 22%) in CRS compared to normal individuals.

Conclusion

While variations exist among studies, analysis of CRS microbiota suggests an association with dysbiosis, potentially contributing to chronic inflammation. Future research must prioritize standardized criteria for diagnostics and patient selection, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of CRS microbiota.
Outcomes in Minor Salivary Gland Tumors—A 20+ Year Tertiary‐Care Center Experience
Authors: Zhang Emily S. , Doty Samuel , Woody Neil , Bottalico Danielle , Ku Jamie A. , Prendes Brandon , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Campbell Shauna R. , Silver Natalie , Scharpf Joseph , Lamarre Eric D.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Minor salivary gland carcinomas are challenging to study due to their rarity and heterogeneity. We aim to further characterize clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes over 20 years within a single institution.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review was conducted on 210 patients who received primary treatment for minor salivary gland malignancy from 2000 to 2022.

Setting

Single tertiary‐care center.

Methods

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards method was used to examine the relationship between pre‐determined clinically important variables and outcomes.

Results

Five‐year overall survival was 77.8% (72.0‐84.1). Advanced clinical T stage portended over a 2 times higher risk of death and recurrence. High pathologic grade was associated with a near 3 times higher risk of death and recurrence. There was a predominance of occult nodal metastases in level II for oral cavity and oropharynx site tumors.

Conclusion

Clinical T stage and grade were important for overall survival, local, regional, and distant recurrence‐free survival. Occult nodal metastases occurred most often in level II.
Psychiatric disorders among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Sørensen Gitte V. , Mogensen Hanna , Holmqvist Anna S. , Kenborg Line , Pedersen Camilla , Nielsen Thomas T. , Talbäck Mats , Erdmann Friederike , Ifversen Marianne , Feychting Maria , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Heyman Mats M. , Winther Jeanette F. , Hasle Henrik , Frederiksen Line E.
Published: October 2024

Background

The diagnosis and treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may impact mental health. We investigated the long‐term risk of psychiatric disorders among survivors of ALL in a population‐based cohort study.

Methods

We identified patients diagnosed with ALL in Denmark and Sweden before age 20 during 1982–2008. Survivors of ALL (n = 2026), their siblings (n = 3027), and population comparison subjects (n = 9713) were followed for hospital contacts for psychiatric disorders from 5 years after ALL diagnosis (or corresponding index date) until 2017.

Results

By age 30, the absolute risk of psychiatric hospital contacts was 19.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.9–22.1) for ALL survivors, 18.5% (95% CI: 16.9–20.2) for siblings, and 18.3% (95% CI: 17.3–19.2) for population comparison subjects. Overall, survivors were at higher risk of any psychiatric disorders than siblings (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04–1.50), and population comparison subjects (HR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.35). The subgroup of survivors (n = 332) who received a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and/or had a relapse were at highest risk of psychiatric disorders (HR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.26–3.41 compared to siblings; HR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.25–2.23 compared to population comparison subjects).

Conclusions

The overall absolute risk of psychiatric hospital contacts among ALL survivors was close to that in siblings and population comparison subjects. The modestly increased relative risk was mainly driven by the subgroup of survivors who received HSCT and/or had a relapse. Our findings are reassuring for the large subgroup of ALL survivors without HSCT or relapse, and provide novel insight on both absolute and relative risk of hospital contacts for psychiatric disorders.
A comparative in vivo study of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin versus doxorubicin versus cisplatin plus doxorubicin for the treatment of intra‐abdominally disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in mice
Authors: Martynov Illya , Gesche Jens , Dhaka Lajwanti , Tobi Luca , Hoyer Paul , Seitz Guido
Published: October 2024

Background

Treatment options for advanced intra‐abdominal pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with peritoneal sarcomatosis (PS) include cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, optimal dosages and combination regimens of drugs used for HIPEC are underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HIPEC with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and their combination in vivo.

Methods

We established PS/RMS mouse model by intraperitoneally injecting RH30 cells into NOD/LtSz‐scid IL2Rγ‐null mice. Two weeks post xenotransplantation, mice underwent a single HIPEC procedure at 42°C for 60 minutes. Treatment groups received cisplatin (50, 100, and 150 mg/m2) and doxorubicin (30, 45, and 60 mg/m2), administered alone or combined. The control group underwent an intraperitoneal lavage with isotonic saline. Peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was used to quantify the extent of peritoneal tumor spread. Tissue samples were evaluated regarding proliferation (Ki‐67) and apoptosis (caspase 3).

Results

Mice treated with cisplatin at 100 mg/m2 (PCI of 3.875, p = .007) and 150 mg/m2 (PCI of 4.556, p = .026), and doxorubicin at 30 mg/m2 (PCI of 2.875, p < .001) and 45 mg/m2 (PCI of 4.143, p = .021) showed reduced PCI, with the combination of cisplatin 50 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 showing the most prominent effect (PCI of 3.333, p < .001) compared to the control group (PCI of 8.615). Histologically, there was no difference in Ki‐67 or caspase 3 expression among the groups.

Conclusions

The cisplatin‐ and doxorubicin‐based HIPEC significantly reduces peritoneal tumor dissemination in vivo. Further investigations are needed to explore the underlying molecular responses to optimize therapeutic strategies.
Cross‐referenceable microscopic and micro‐spectroscopic analysis of fiber reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Furushima Yoshitomo , Okino Shunnosuke , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: October 2024

This study aims at the assessment of damage on crystallinity of fiber reinforced thermoplastic (FRTP) composites resulting from mechanical polishing to demonstrate a novel methodology enabling comprehensive crystalline structural characterization. Investigating the crystalline structure is relevant for understanding the relationship with the mechanical properties. In a previous study, FRTPs have successfully been processed to the thickness of 5 μm or below via an innovative polishing strategy, which for the first time visualized the crystalline morphologies by polarized optical microscopy. Analyzing these sections via micro‐Raman and micro‐infrared spectroscopies facilitate the quantification of these structure. However, no study reports on the correct interpretation of FRTP data appropriately considering the damage resulting from mechanical polishing to date. Herein, we report fundamental knowledge on this aspect via detailed Raman micro‐spectroscopic investigations to demonstrate our novel strategy. Four types of FRTPs with major matrix resins (GF/PBT, CF/PA6, CF/PEEK and GF/PP) were analyzed and the damage on both polished cross‐sections, prepared by traditional process, and the thin sections was confirmed to be approx. 1%–2% crystallinity, which solidified the credibility of the obtained analytical data. Then, the newly established methodology of ‘cross‐referenceable microscopic and micro‐spectroscopic analyses for FRTPs’ was applied for comprehensive crystalline structural characterization.

Highlights

Cross‐sectioning and thin‐sectioning of FRTPs.

Evidencing of damage on the crystallinity resulting from mechanical polishing.

Equations to convert Raman spectral data into crystallinity.

Strategy for considering the anisotropy of Raman measurements.

Practical application of novel microscopic and micro‐spectroscopic strategies.
Finite element analysis on the compression and crush responses of laminates with unidirectionally arrayed chopped strand in 0° plies
Authors: Lu Wenlong , Kong Yuxiang , Wang Jiaming , Huang Yinyuan , Li Minglong , Hu Junfeng
Published: October 2024

The outstanding mechanical performance and flowability of unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands laminates (UACS) give them an advantage in the manufacture of engineering structures with complex geometries. In this research, the mechanical response of UACS laminates with bi‐angled slits and staggered slits under quasi‐static compression and progressive crushing loads is numerically analyzed for the first time. The aim is to clarify the damage mechanism of UACS laminates under compressive and crushing load. Simulation results reveal that the compressive strength of [90/0]4s UACS laminates with bi‐angled slits is 635.9 MPa, with an error of 4.2% compared to experimental data. For the stacking sequence of [0/90]4s, the strength is measured as 581.96 MPa with a 5% error. Proposed finite element model could accurately describe the mechanical properties of UACS laminates. Additionally, the progressive crushing response is in good agreement with the experimental data, the error in energy absorption for [90/0]4s UACS laminates with bi‐angled slits is noted at 7% compared to experimental values. It has been demonstrated that bi‐angled slits significantly contribute in restraining the propagation of delamination and improving the amount of energy absorption of UACS laminates.

Highlights

The mechanical response of UACS laminates under compressive and progressive crushing load was numerically analyzed.

The compressive damage propagation of UACS laminates with different slit patterns in 0° layer was demonstrated.

The effect of different slit patterns on inhibiting delamination propagation and increasing energy absorption of UACS laminates under progressive crushing load was numerically analyzed.
Interaction between tea consumption and genes on activities of daily living disability in older adults
Authors: Zou Min , Yang Mengxue , Zheng Dewei , Sun Changlong , Wang Jiali , Yuan Xiaoping , Li Changjiang , Yu Lirong , Sun Lina , Wang Yanyu , Chen Huashuai , Zeng Yi
Published: October 2024

The effects of tea consumption on delaying aging and the onset of age‐related disabilities have been reported; however, it is unclear whether these benefits are impacted by genes. This study aimed to examine the associations between tea consumption and activities of daily living (ADL) and explore the role of genetic factors. Data from 46,487 older adults aged 64–105 who participated in at least one data wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018 were analyzed. Genetic data were produced using the Affymetrix Axiom™myDesign™ (384‐format) Human Genotyping Array. The generalized estimation equation and multiple logistic regression models were constructed to examine the effects of tea consumption, polygenic risk score, and their interactions on ADL. Tea consumption was related to reduced ADL decline—the effect was statistically significant among men but not women. A significant interaction between tea consumption and polygenic risk score (PRS) was observed. Tea consumption was associated with a decreased risk of ADL disability only among individuals with a low PRS. These findings indicate that tea consumption plays a role in preventing disability in older adults with low polygenic risk.
Diversity of organic amendments increases soil functions and plant growth
Authors: Li Huiying , Lehmann Anika , Rongstock Rebecca , Xu Yaqi , Kunze Edda , Meidl Peter , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Management practices, for example, in an agricultural context, are often tested in isolation or in pairwise interaction, but rarely using a higher number of jointly applied practices. In a proof‐of‐concept study, we test the effects of combining up to five management practices. Effects seen on soil and plant performance suggest that it may be worth to systematically and broadly examine the effects of higher order management combinations.
Nanoparticle delivery of VEGF and SDF‐1α as an approach for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Guarino Victoria A. , Wertheim Bradley M. , Xiao Wusheng , Loscalzo Joseph , Zhang Ying‐Yi
Published: October 2024

Endothelial dysfunction is an underlying mechanism for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF) may help repair the dysfunctional endothelium and provide treatment for PAH. To examine this possibility, nanoparticles carrying human recombinant VEGF and SDF (VEGFNP and SDFNP) were aerosolized into the lungs of nude rats at Day 14 after monocrotaline (MCT) injection and analyses were performed at Day 28. The data show that the VEGFNP/SDFNP delivery led to a lower pulmonary arterial pressure and prevented right ventricular hypertrophy in the MCT rats: the right ventricular systolic pressure of the control, MCT, and MCT + VEGFNP/SDFNP treatment groups were 29±2, 70±9, and 44±5 (mean±SD) mmHg, respectively; the pulmonary vascular resistance indices of the groups were 0.6±0.3, 3.2±0.7, and 1.7±0.5, respectively; and the Fulton indices [−RV/(LV + Septum)] were 0.22±0.01, 0.44±0.07, and 0.23±0.02, respectively. The VEGFNP/SDFNP delivery delayed the thickening of distal pulmonary vessels: the number of nearly occluded vessels in a whole lung section from the MCT and MCT + VEGFNP/SDFNP groups were 46±12 and 2±3, respectively. Gene expression analysis of the endothelial cell markers, VE‐cadherin, KDR, BMPR2, and eNOS, and smooth cell markers, SM‐MHC and α‐SMA, indicated significant loss of distal pulmonary vessels in the MCT‐ treated rats. VEGFNP/SDFNP delivery did not recover the loss, but significantly increased eNOS and decreased α‐SMA expression in the MCT‐treated lungs. Thus, the therapeutic effect of VEGFNP/SDFNP may be mediated by improving/repairing endothelial function in the PAH lungs.
The Effects of Meander Reconnection and Deflector Installation on the Physicochemical Water Quality
Authors: Hons Malaurie , Maris Tom , Schoelynck Jonas
Published: October 2024

River restoration efforts are gaining momentum in response to the pressing need for resilient river systems, in light of escalating climate change impacts. However, achieving predefined restoration goals remains challenging due to insufficient understanding of river system responses. Of particular complexity is assessing the success of restoration measures on water quality, a critical abiotic factor in freshwater ecosystems. This study examined the impact of meander reconnection and deflector placement on water quality. Two distinct meander sections and a degraded section were meticulously sampled both upstream and downstream to assess impacts. The meander sections were reconnected using different approaches: one fully reconnected, receiving all discharge, and the other partially reconnected, receiving part of the discharge while maintaining the channelized trench. The results showed promising potential of reconnected meanders for mitigating phosphorus and carbon levels. However, the effectiveness of these improvements was compromised by deflector placement, which led to increased erosion and release of phosphorus bound to organic soil particles. Conversely, dissolved nutrients (e.g. nitrate, orthophosphate, DOC) exhibited no significant alterations, likely attributed to the absence of macrophytes and the limited extent of restorative actions, which currently do not increase water residence time sufficiently. Temporal trends revealed progressive reductions in carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen levels suggesting that time is a crucial factor in restoration success, possibly due to soil stabilization. Seasonal dynamics also played a significant role, with discernible effects observed primarily during summer. This study underscores the importance of long‐term, watershed‐scale investigations that account for seasonal variability to fully understand the impacts of river restoration.
Electro‐Oxidation of Ibuprofen and Metoprolol Using a Manganese Oxide Platform
Authors: Lizzy Mokaba Pheladi , Msagati Titus A. M. , Nyoni Hlengilizwe , Mamba Bhekie B. , Feleni Usisipho
Published: October 2024

Pharmaceutical compounds, such as ibuprofen and metoprolol, are of increasing concern due to their persistence in the environment and potential adverse effects on human health. In this work, we developed an electrochemical sensor system for the determination of ibuprofen and metoprolol based on a modified manganese oxide nanoparticle (MnO2NPs) on a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The characterisation of MnO2NPs modifier was investigated via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy techniques, Uv/vis spectroscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of the MnO2NPs was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The optimum experimental conditions were investigated by examining the effects of scan rates, pH on the CV responses, and electrolytes on the DPV response. The MnO2NPs modified electrode demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity in the electro‐oxidation of both ibuprofen and metoprolol. The oxidation peaks of ibuprofen and metoprolol were observed at +1.14 V and +1.46 V, respectively, for the MnO2NPs/SPCE sensor. The sensor's limit of detection was 3.81 pM and 4.6 pM respectively and its linear response was from 0.97–5.82 pM. Furthermore, interference and stability studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the MnO2NPs/SPCE sensor under optimum conditions, which resulted in a good performance. The proposed sensor was successfully used for the determination of ibuprofen and metoprolol in the application of real water samples.
Application of 28.1 kDa Alginate Oligosaccharide Improves the Yield and Quality of Grain in Rice
Authors: Samdurkar Anish N. , Choudhary Arvind D. , Varshney Lalit , Badere Rupesh S.
Published: October 2024

We conducted a phase‐wise study to evaluate the efficacy of the gamma ray‐produced oligosaccharides of alginate and chitosan in enhancing the yield in rice. Initially, we irradiated the dry powder of alginate and chitosan with 200–500 kGy dose of gamma ray to produce their oligosaccharides. Subsequently, we assessed efficiency of the aqueous solution (50–400 ppm) of these oligosaccharides to stimulate the growth in rice seedling. The elicitors which stimulated the seedling growth were later tested in the field for their ability to enhance the growth and yield in rice under six different treatment regimens. In the next two seasons we evaluated the elicitor and treatment regimen, which enhanced the yield and yield contributing factors, at a larger scale. The observations suggest that 200 ppm of alginate oligosaccharide (28.1 kDa) produced by 500 kGy of gamma ray enhances the yield in rice by 13% and improves the seed quality when sprayed during seedling, pre‐flowering and grain‐filling stages. Such treatment improves the overall growth and development of the plant, which probably enhances the yield and grain quality of the produce.
Al‐Decorated C20 Fullerene as a Promising Noble Metal‐Free Catalyst for CO Oxidation: A DFT Study
Authors: Ragab Ahmed H. , Hassan Abeer A. , Khan Adnan Ali
Published: October 2024

To remove the toxic carbon monoxide (CO) gas from the environment, recently, researchers have taken great interest in single‐atom catalysts (SACs). In this study, we investigated various reaction pathways and barrier energies for the CO oxidation process onto Al‐decorated C20 fullerene (Al@C20) employing density functional theory (DFT). The outcomes validate that Al decoration on C20 is energetically stable while the corresponding electronic properties show that the Al atom acts as the reactive site for catalytic activity. The bond distances and larger negative adsorption energies (−0.65 and −2.53 eV) evince that CO and O2 species adsorbed strongly to the Al atom. For the oxidation of CO, two popular mechanisms are examined: Eley Rideal (ER) and Langmuir Hinshelwood (LH). The assessment of energy barriers discloses that the CO oxidation reaction progresses via the LH mechanism. Additionally, the CO + O* →  CO2 reaction proceeds very quickly onto the Al@C20 catalyst, with a very small energy barrier (0.13 eV), indicating the excellent catalytic reactivity of the studied catalyst. These results propose that the designed catalyst can be valuable in the progress of novel noble metal‐free catalysts for harmful CO elimination from the environment.
Mechanistic Insights into Enhanced CO2 Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals with O‐Doped g‐C3N4
Authors: Ranjbakhsh Elnaz , Izadyar Mohammad , Nakhaeipour Ali , Habibi‐Yangjeh Aziz
Published: October 2024

In this work, bare and O‐doped g‐C3N4 nanosheets were synthesized. The results show that the structure of bare and O‐doped g‐C3N4 (OCN) nanosheets are layered and the absorption of visible light increases after O‐doping. Density function theory calculations demonstrate that the oxygen atom is replaced at the edge site of g‐C3N4. The reaction pathway of CO2 reduction to fuel/chemicals on the OCN surface is as follows: CO2→ HCOO→ HCOOH→ HCO + H2O→ H2CO→ H2COH→ H3COH→ CH3 + H2O→ CH4. The main product on the OCN and CN surfaces are methane and methanol, respectively. The Gibbs activation energy of CH3OH formation on the CN and OCN surfaces are 1.72 and 0.14 eV, respectively. The rate‐determining step on the OCN surface is HCOOH→ HCO + H2O, whereas on the CN surface is CH3OH formation from the H3CO intermediate. Therefore, the Gibbs activation energy on the O‐doped g‐C3N4 decreases for the methanol production in comparison with the bare g‐C3N4. In general, the O‐doping of g‐C3N4 improves the photocatalytic activity through the decrement in the band gap and enhances the reaction rate of CO2 conversion to fuels/chemicals.
Tuning the Noise‐Driven Magnetocaloric Effect in Doped GaAs Quantum Dot in View of Tsallis Entropy
Authors: Bhakti Bhaskar , Datta Swarnab , Ghosh Manas
Published: October 2024

Current inspection strives to perform a detailed elaboration of the Tsallis entropy‐based magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of GaAs quantum dot (QD) doped with Gaussian impurity and under applied Gaussian white noise. Noise takes additive and multiplicative pathways for its entry to the doped QD. MCE has been found to decrease following the enhancement of temperature. The enquiry manifests magnetic field‐induced confinement and consequent decline in the disorder of the system during the gradual variation of several physical parameters. However, harnessing the extent of above confinement involves extremely sensitive and delicate control over the resultant influence of the particular physical parameter undergoing change, its range of magnitude, application of noise and its mode of inclusion. Importantly, MCE has been found to maximize only during the change in the strength of the dopant potential under multiplicative noise. And, on most occasions, multiplicative noise profoundly raises the MCE over its value under the state devoid of noise and under additive noise.
Bio Dyeing of Nylon 6 Fabrics Using Beetroot and Natural Mordants
Authors: Shahmoradi Ghaheh Fatemeh , Haji Aminoddin , Daneshvar Elaheh , Repon Md. Reazuddin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the potential of beetroot as a natural source to dye a synthetic fiber that is, nylon 6 fabric, has been examined. We analyzed the impact of the most important dyeing parameters, such as dyeing temperature, dyeing time, pH of the dye bath, and dye concentration, on the dyeing efficiency of the nylon 6 fabric. We achieved the optimal conditions for nylon dyeing by beetroot at the boiling temperature for 60 min using 100% on the fabric weight (owf) dye under acidic conditions. Also, to attain suitable color fastness, we used four different natural mordants (pomegranate peel, walnut husk, pistachio hull, and Terminalia Chebula) before the dyeing process. We also examined the effect of four commonly used metal mordants on the dyeing efficiency. FTIR, SEM, EDX and TGA were then conducted to justify the presence of mordants and dyes on the substrate. We discovered that pre‐mordanting generated colorful fabrics based on the type of mordants used. Also, various natural mordants could produce different color strengths, such that the walnut husk had the highest color strength among the used mordants. The obtained color fastness against washing of all bio‐mordants was rated as excellent and the light fastness of Terminalia Chebula was surprisingly excellent. Bio‐mordants also exhibited equivalent washing fastness to metal mordants, even surpassing them in terms of light fastness. The EDX spectra also showed peaks corresponding to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). Finally, the fabric mordanted with pomegranate peel exhibited very less mass loss, thus indicating thermal stability.
DNA Probing of Peroxidase‐Mimetic Activities of Selected Manganese‐Based Nanozymes and Measurement of Antioxidant Activity for DNA Protection
Authors: Salim Al‐Lami Zainab Majid , Demirci‐Çekiç Sema , Apak Reşat
Published: October 2024

Three different Mn‐based peroxidase‐mimetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized as nanozymes: (i) manganese (II)‐ferrite (MnFe2O4) fabricated by co‐precipitating MnCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O; (ii) MnO2synthesized from precipitation of MnSO4in basic medium; (iii) manganese oxide obtained by reducing KMnO4with tris(2‐hydroxyethyl) amine, all characterized using STEM, EDXS, FTIR and XPS techniques. These NPs acted as peroxidases, revealed by using a DNA probe, on which the damage generated by peroxidase mimetic NPs was monitored spectrophotometrically by CUPRAC and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) methods. Results were confirmed by RP‐HPLC and voltammetry, the latter involving an AuNPs‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Nafion combination. Colorimetric assay with CUPRAC rather than TMB better agreed with chromatographic/voltammetric findings in detecting both peroxidase activity and DNA hazard. Mn(III)‐containing manganese oxide from permanganate reduction had stronger peroxidase activity. The proposed method demonstrated protective effects of antioxidants (morin, catechin and quercetin) against oxidative DNA damage for the first time.
New Quinazolinone‐Thiouracil Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Parmar Dolly , Tripathi Rati Kailash Prasad , Panchal Roshni , Nagani Afzal , Kabra Uma Dhiraj
Published: October 2024

Quinazolinone and thiouracil derivatives are key scaffolds in anticancer development. This study used a molecular hybridization approach to synthesize new quinazolinone‐thiouracil derivatives and evaluated their anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines, namely breast, lung, and glioblastoma, using SRB assay. Structural elucidation was performed using IR spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Most compounds show moderate to significant cytotoxic effects, with compound 5d displaying the highest potency (IC50 values of 5.28, 4.02, and 2.88 µM, respectively). Compound 5d also demonstrated comparable potency to positive controls cisplatin and temozolomide in lung and glioblastoma cancer cell lines and was nearly as effective as mitochondrial division inhibitor‐1 (mdivi‐1). Furthermore, molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with dynamin‐related protein‐1 (drp1). Protein–ligand stability studies and all‐atom simulation confirmed the stable binding of compound 5d with drp1. In conclusion, this study identified compound 5d as a potent drp1 inhibitor and promising anticancer drug candidate, deserving further investigation.
Synthesis and Anion Recognition of Triangular Prism Quinoline Cage with Reduced Symmetry
Authors: Gao Helei , Fan Yaxin , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2024

Organic molecular cages with low symmetry are promising to generate complex chemical environments for molecular recognition and catalysis. Herein, a new triangular prism cage with three rigid 8‐aminoquinoline‐2‐carboxylic acid derivatives as edges were synthesized. This molecular cage possesses reduced symmetry and contains both secondary amine and amide as hydrogen donating groups for molecular recognition. It could bind anions, such as NO3−, AcO−, and F− with moderate affinity.
Novel Preparation of Two Oxidized Starch Formulations for Removal of Cr (VI) Ions From an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Qin Xuesheng , Wang Chengzheng , Zhang Zhe , Ma Wei
Published: October 2024

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has attracted much attention because it is a harmful pollutant. In this study, acid hydrolyzed hydrothermal double modified starch (AHS) and hydroperoxide oxidized starch (HOS) are prepared from natural starch and used for the reduction of chromium (VI) in aqueous systems. The effects of hydrothermal acidolysis and oxidative modification of starch on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) are discussed, including the changes of solubility, swelling power, particle size, content of straight‐chain starch, and carbonyl/carboxylic group content. The results of response surface methodology (RSM) optimization show that the influence of reaction conditions on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) by NS is as follows: reaction time > initial pH of solution > reaction temperature > starch to Cr(VI) mass ratio; and on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) by AHS and HOS is as follows: initial pH of solution > reaction time > starch to Cr(VI) mass ratio > reaction temperature.
Poromechanical approach to blast‐induced dynamic fracture in concrete
Authors: Zažirej Stanislav , Maekawa Koichi , Hosoda Akira
Published: October 2024

This study introduces a novel poromechanical approach to analyze blast‐induced dynamic fracture in concrete considering gaseous kinetics. The objective is to establish a framework for examining the fracture mechanisms during demolition. The simulation employs finite element analysis, incorporating three‐dimensional non‐orthogonal multidirectional cracks induced by gas inflation, through which the gaseous media flows too. The study investigates the principles governing crack network development and the influence of pressurized gas using a multiphase scheme and verifies its findings experimentally. It was also emphasized that benchmark blast experimental data are essential for validating the model, for practical applications in the demolition and renovation of existing structural concrete.
A Comprehensive and Pedagogical Treatment of the Origin, Selection, and Manifestations of Proximal Coupling in Magnetic Circuits
Authors: Ubaidulla  , Gonda Jora M , Rao I. R.
Published: October 2024

Appreciation/understanding of the factors that affect proximal coupling in magnetic circuits and the manifestations of the effect of coupling due to magnetic proximity are of paramount importance in electrical engineering. In this paper and in another companion paper we endeavor dealing with each of the aspects critically and putting them in one place. Mainly three aspects—factors that affect the coefficient of coupling, expressing the coefficient of coupling in terms of the design parameters—thus showing the symmetry of the inductance matrix, and the factors that contribute to the deviation of the voltage/current ratios from turns‐ratio is considered, with the introduction of a new factor—a measure of (a)symmetry between the magnetic paths seen by the associated coils. It is also attempted to counter the wide‐spread myth that the proximal coupling imperfection is because of the air‐medium and to highlight the fact that it can also arise because of and be controlled by providing controlled magnetic shunting between the associated coils—a very useful insight. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Whole‐body non‐forensic fetal virtopsy using postmortem magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla vs classical autopsy
Authors: Staicu A. , Albu C. , Popa‐Stanila R. , Bondor C. , Chiriac L. , Eniu D. , Goidescu I. , Florian A. R. , Surcel M. , Cruciat G. , Muresan D. , Rotar I.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of virtual autopsy using whole‐body postmortem ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla (T), using a short T2‐weighted imaging (T2‐WI) protocol, compared with classical autopsy, for detecting structural abnormalities in small second‐trimester fetuses.

Methods

Thirty consecutive fetuses at 13–19 weeks' gestation (weight, 17–364 g) were included following spontaneous pregnancy loss or termination of pregnancy. After fixation in 10% formaldehyde solution (48 h to 1 week), all fetuses were scanned using a two‐dimensional turbo high‐resolution T2‐WI protocol with multislice relaxation time, followed by an invasive autopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of virtual autopsy vs classical autopsy was calculated for 990 anatomical structures (30 fetuses × 33 items). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and Cohen's κ coefficient of agreement, with their 95% CIs, as well as the McNemar test, were used to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of the two diagnostic methods. Analysis was stratified by anatomical segment (nervous, pulmonary, cardiovascular, digestive, renal, facial and skeletal) and across three gestational‐age intervals (13–14, 15–16 and 17–19 weeks).

Results

Considering classical autopsy as the gold standard, virtual autopsy had a sensitivity of 92.04% (95% CI, 85.42–96.29%) and a specificity of 97.87% (95% CI, 94.64–99.42%), with a positive predictive value of 96.30% (95% CI, 90.78–98.56%) and a negative predictive value of 95.34% (95% CI, 91.61–97.45%), achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 95.68% (95% CI, 92.73–97.68%) for detecting structural abnormalities in second‐trimester fetuses. Cohen's κ for virtual vs classical autopsy was 0.907. The diagnostic ability of virtual autopsy at 7 T for malformed fetuses was superior to that of classical autopsy for analyzing the nervous system in small fetuses with pronounced autolysis, equivalent to that of classical autopsy when analyzing pulmonary, cardiovascular and renal systems and inferior when evaluating the fetal intestines. The sensitivity of virtual autopsy at 7 T for describing structural abnormalities increased with gestational age.

Conclusion

Virtual fetal autopsy using 7‐T MRI and a turbo high‐resolution T2‐WI protocol with multislice relaxation time is a feasible postmortem diagnostic tool for the identification of fetal structural anomalies. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Process-integrated computerized numerical control: an analysis on process-machine coupling and feed scheduling
Authors: Elser Anja , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander
Published: October 2024

Computerized numerical controls (CNCs) have been invented for the automation of industrial processes. They are used, when the process to be automated is required to be exact and fast with repeatable quality. Originally, the use of CNCs was primarily focused on milling and drilling processes. Today, CNCs are utilized in a wide range of industrial processes due to the growing importance of automation. However, the integration of process information or adaptation to the needs of these processes to achieve advanced manufacturing with CNCs is difficult: Industrial CNCs are rather closed real-time machining systems. Today, process integration is possible, when the interaction between the process and the machine is decoupled in view of the bandwidth of machine dynamics and process dynamics. There are interfaces that allow for process-motivated control loops that are realized on top of the machine control loop (e.g. chatter control). Then, machine-integrated real-time control is not the focus. Besides, it is often possible to change desired values inside the control loop (position, velocity, acceleration) on an axes basis. In this case, adaptation to the process can be realized in each computation cycle. However, process dynamics and machine axes dynamics are generally treated separately. The same holds for extra actuators (e.g., in the spindle) for position control. This paper has two goals. First, it wants to create an understanding for different levels of process-machine coupling. Second, the problem of direct coupling of process dynamics and machine dynamics is focused. Machining systems design propositions as well as some examples for the coupling of process and machine dynamics in the CNC are given.
On Chow groups of toric schemes over a DVR
Authors: Botero Ana María
Published: October 2024

We give an explicit combinatorial presentation of the Chow groups of a toric scheme over a DVR. As an application, we compute the Chow groups of several toric schemes over a DVR and of their special fibers.
Diffusion MRI is superior to quantitative T2-FLAIR mismatch in predicting molecular subtypes of human non-enhancing gliomas
Authors: Cho Nicholas S. , Sanvito Francesco , Le Viên Lam , Oshima Sonoko , Teraishi Ashley , Yao Jingwen , Telesca Donatello , Raymond Catalina , Pope Whitney B. , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Lai Albert , Salamon Noriko , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study compared the classification performance of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC) with percentage T2-FLAIR mismatch-volume (%T2FM-volume) for differentiating between IDH-mutant astrocytoma (IDHm-A) and other glioma molecular subtypes.

Methods

A total of 105 non-enhancing gliomas were studied. T2-FLAIR digital subtraction maps were used to identify T2FM and T2-FLAIR non-mismatch (T2FNM) subregions within tumor volumes of interest (VOIs). Median nADC from the whole tumor, T2FM, and T2NFM subregions and %T2FM-volume were obtained. IDHm-A classification analyses using receiver-operating characteristic curves and multiple logistic regression were performed in addition to exploratory survival analyses.

Results

T2FM subregions had significantly higher nADC than T2FNM subregions within IDHm-A with ≥ 25% T2FM-volume (P < 0.0001). IDHm-A with ≥ 25% T2FM-volume demonstrated significantly higher whole tumor nADC compared to IDHm-A with < 25% T2FM-volume (P < 0.0001), and both IDHm-A subgroups demonstrated significantly higher nADC compared to IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma and IDH-wild-type gliomas (P < 0.05). For classification of IDHm-A vs. other gliomas, the area under curve (AUC) of nADC was significantly greater compared to the AUC of %T2FM-volume (P = 0.01, nADC AUC = 0.848, %T2FM-volume AUC = 0.714) along with greater sensitivity. In exploratory survival analyses within IDHm-A, %T2FM-volume was not associated with overall survival (P = 0.2), but there were non-significant trends for nADC (P = 0.07) and tumor volume (P = 0.051).

Conclusion

T2-FLAIR subtraction maps are useful for characterizing IDHm-A imaging characteristics. nADC outperforms %T2FM-volume for classifying IDHm-A amongst non-enhancing gliomas with preserved high specificity and increased sensitivity, which may be related to inherent diffusivity differences regardless of T2FM. In line with previous findings on visual T2FM-sign, quantitative %T2FM-volume may not be prognostic.
Pharmacokinetic analysis and simplified uptake measures for tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG PET imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wijngaarden Jessica E. , Slebe Maarten , Pouw Johanna E. E. , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Schuit Robert C. , Dickhoff Chris , Levi Jelena , Windhorst Albert D. , Oordt C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven v , Thiele Andrea , Bahce Idris , Boellaard Ronald , Yaqub Maqsood
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracer, [18F]F-AraG, targets activated T-cells, offering a potential means to improve our understanding of immune-oncological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal pharmacokinetic model to quantify tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to validate simplified measures at different time intervals against the pharmacokinetic uptake parameter.

Methods

Ten patients with early-stage NSCLC and three patients with advanced NSCLC underwent a dynamic PET scan of minimal 60 min. Venous and/or arterial blood sampling was obtained at maximum seven time points. Tumour lesion time activity curves and metabolite-corrected input functions were analysed using single-tissue reversible (1T2k), two-tissue irreversible (2T3k) and two-tissue reversible (2T4k) plasma input models. Simplified uptake measures, such as standardised uptake value (SUV) and tumour-to-blood (TBR) or tumour-to-plasma ratio (TPR), were evaluated for different time intervals.

Results

Whole-blood and plasma radioactivity concentrations showed rapid clearance of [18F]F-AraG. Metabolite analysis revealed a low rate of metabolism, at 70 min p.i., on average, 79% (SD = 9.8%) of the total radioactivity found in blood corresponded to intact [18F]F-AraG. The time activity curves were best fitted by the 2T3k model. Strong positive correlations were found for SUV (body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM) or body surface area (BSA) corrected), TBR and TPR for any time interval between 20 and 70 min p.i. against the 2T3k-derived K

i
. The correlation of TBR at 60–70 min p.i. with 2T3K-derived K

i
(r (df = 20) = 0.87, p < 0.01), was stronger than for SUVBW (r (df = 20) = 0.80, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with NSCLC is characterised by a 2T3k model. TBR and TPR show most potential for simplified quantification of tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with NSCLC.
Nanocrystalization effects on the structural, electrical and thermoelectric properties of 10KNbO3-10Fe2O3-50B2O3-30V2O5 glass for non-volatile electronic-memory devices
Authors: El-Desoky M. M. , Harby Amany E. , Hannora Ahmed E. , Ali A. M.
Published: October 2024

The composition: 10KNbO3-10Fe2O3-50B2O3-30V2O5 (in mol%) is produced using the conventional melt quenching method and their corresponding glass–ceramic nanocomposites were studied. The structural properties of the as-quenched sample and its heat-treated samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Density (ρ) was found to decrease with increasing average nanocrystallite size as the molar volume increases. Studies on thermoelectric power have been carried out. The glass–ceramic nanocomposite after 2 h of heating exhibits significant improvement of electrical conductivity. The activation energy (W), polaron radius (rp) and other parameters have been estimated in the non-adiabatic region. The current–voltage (I–V) curve of each sample was measured. A temporal analysis of current & voltage in nonlinear I–V curves show pinched hysteresis loop, which is the memristor’s fingerprint. The glass–ceramic nanocomposite after 2 h of heating exhibits a large switching window. The results of the study enable us to predict that they will be helpful for future applications of non-volatile electronic-memory devices.
Pioneering new paths: the role of generative modelling in neurological disease research
Authors: Seiler Moritz , Ritter Kerstin
Published: October 2024

Recently, deep generative modelling has become an increasingly powerful tool with seminal work in a myriad of disciplines. This powerful modelling approach is supposed to not only have the potential to solve current problems in the medical field but also to enable personalised precision medicine and revolutionise healthcare through applications such as digital twins of patients. Here, the core concepts of generative modelling and popular modelling approaches are first introduced to consider the potential based on methodological concepts for the generation of synthetic data and the ability to learn a representation of observed data. These potentials will be reviewed using current applications in neuroimaging for data synthesis and disease decomposition in Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Finally, challenges for further research and applications will be discussed, including computational and data requirements, model evaluation, and potential privacy risks.