bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT UTILIZATION MODEL BY THE MAGELANG CITY BAZNAS ZAKAT INSTITUTION IN INCREASING MUSTAHIQ INCOME
Authors: Lestari Yunia Tri
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of the strategy and utilization of productive zakat by the Magelang city BAZNAS zakat institution in increasing Mustahiq income in the city of Magelang. The research methodology used is a qualitative approach, with a case study strategy. Data collection was carried out by interviewing the head of the human resources sector from Baznas of Magelang City, amil zakat, and three mustahiq recipients of productive zakat funds.  The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that productive utilization of zakat funds by BAZNAS zakat institutions in this case was channeled through seven superior programs. One of the programs in order to empower the community to improve their economy is the Capital Assistance program. This Capital Assistance Program, in which there is also a skill and skills training program, this program is a productive zakat utilization model by BAZNAS in increasing mustahiq income which according to researchers is already optimal. This is evidenced by an increase in mustahiq income, and the ability of mustahiq to become muzakki.
LITERATURE REVIEW: PREGNANT WOMEN NUTRITION DURING A PANDEMIC
Authors: Rahayu Kurnia , Rahmawati Alfiah , Susiloningtyas
Published: January 2023

Pregnant women's nutrition is an important factor that must be met and taken into account during their pregnancy. Pregnant women and their fetuses benefit greatly from good nutrition during pregnancy. Nutritional intake throughout pregnancy is still something that should be considered for the womb's health. Pregnant women should get a good nutritional intake that includes four healthy five perfect foods in order to keep the mother and fetus immune during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to look into the literature on pregnant women's nutrition. This study is a sort of literature review conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Schoolar. Each data-based publishing year is limited to the last ten years, beginning in 2011-2021. The publications obtained through the search include articles that include both international and national articles, and they will be then evaluated. The findings revealed that a pregnant woman during this pandemic requires additional nutrition since the mother must better maintain the immunity of the body and the fetus in her womb during this pandemic. If a pregnant woman normally requires 80.000 calories during pregnancy, the needs during the pandemic must be increased and presumed once more. During the pandemic, pregnant women should require some additional nutrients such as daily nutritional needs, supplements, iron, vitamin C, and macronutrient demands containing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. To address the nutritional demands of pregnant women during a pandemic, pregnant women are recommended to eat breakfast every day, eat high-fiber foods, and enhance nutrient intake.
JURIDICAL STATUS OF STOCK EXCHANGE AND INVESTOR LEGAL PROTECTION IN FORCED DELISTING
Authors: Daniswara Ayu Atha Diva , Purwanto I Wayan Novy
Published: January 2023

The Stock Exchange has a role as a regulator of securities trading in the capital market. The Stock Exchange works for profit which is then aimed at developing securities trading activities in the capital market. Meanwhile, there is no form of legal protection for investors in the capital market which is specifically regulated in the law. The purpose of this study is to examine the juridical status of the stock exchange and to determine the legal protection for investors in the implementation of forced delisting. This study uses a normative legal research method, which is sourced from the Legislation by using a library research method. The results reveal that the Juridical status of the Stock Exchange is a company that has its own working rules, so it has differences compared to companies in general, and there is no form of protection for stock investors who experience forced delisting of issuers on the stock exchange. Investors are only given the opportunity to make sales in the negotiated market whose time is determined by the exchange. The findings of this research provide an explanation of the legal protections afforded to investors in the event that forced delisting is implemented.
NOMINEE AGREEMENT: A SOLUTION FOR FOREIGNERS TO CONTROL LAND IN BALI
Authors: Sudharsana Tjokorda Gde Rai Y. Ary , Purwanto I Wayan Novy
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out the legal basis of the nominee agreement and to find out the nominee agreement that is used as a solution by foreigners in controlling land in Bali. This research method uses the type of empirical legal research. The legal basis for the nominee agreement is Article 21 and Article 26 of the Basic Agrarian Law (BAL). In addition, there are also other legal bases, namely Articles 1320 and 1313 of the Civil Code. Juridically, the nominee agreement cannot be used as a solution by foreigners to control land in Bali. Land tenure that can be taken by foreigners is with usufructuary rights and rental rights.
LEGITIMACY OF A FIXED-TERM EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT BASED ON REMOTE WORK CONCEPT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE JOB CREATION ACT
Authors: Madia Putu Bella Mania , Bagiastra I Nyoman , Purwanto I Wayan Novy
Published: January 2023

Labor issues are a social, political and economic phenomenon in modern countries, including Indonesia, and require a way that is no longer conventional in improving the system in employment. As such, remote working can be the solution. The implementation of Remote Working in Indonesia depends on three legal aspects, namely the Criminal Code, the Job Creation Act along with the Labor Law, and the ITE Law. This study aims to analyze the Fixed-Term Employment Contract (PKWT) work relationship based on remote work concept from the perspective of the job creation act and find out the implementation and problems of Fixed-Term Employment Contract. This study employs a normative legal research technique derived from laws and regulations employing a library research technique. According to the findings of this study, Fixed-Term Employment Contract with the Remote Working concept must also adhere to the Labor Law and the Job Creation Act. Besides, the parties who engages on the Fixed-Term Employment Contract must also consider a number of additional legal factors in order to ensure the agreement's legitimacy and the protection of each party's rights and obligations. Despite the passage of the Job Creation Act, it turns out that there are still several issues that require attention.
PIPIL DOCUMENTS LEGALITY AS PROOF OF LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OWNERSHIP IN BALI
Authors: Pradnyadana Ketut Diana Rista , Tanaya Putu Edgar
Published: January 2023

Pipil as proof of land ownership is not comparable in strength to a certificate.  Pipil is used as proof of ownership of a land based on the Customary Agrarian Law which later became the source of the formation of the National Agrarian Law which was subsequently ratified by the Basic Agrarian Law of 1960 which was reinforced by Law No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.  This study aims to find certainty that there is a legal basis for using pipil as proof of ownership rights, to provide information to the public regarding the importance of registering their land with the BPN and as a material consideration for communities who have not changed their proof of land ownership rights to the National Land Agency (BPN).  The method used in this study is a normative method by studying laws and regulations and the results of research and writings from legal circles.  The main topic of discussion is the legal basis for using pipil as proof of land ownership and the factors that form the basis for why there are still people who use pipil.
WATER AND AIR POLICE CORPS (POLAIRUD) AUTHORITY IN PREVENTING THEFT ON LEGO ANCHORS SHIPS IN THE TANJUNG PRIOK PORT AREA
Authors: Wahyudi Surya , Candra Tofik Yanuar , Ismed Mohamad
Published: January 2023

The aim of the research is to analyze the authority of Water and Air Police Corps (Korpolairud) in preventing the crime of theft on ships with Lego anchors in the Tanjung Priok port area as well as analyzing the legal protection of ships anchored in the Tanjung Priok port area. The type of research used is normative juridical. The approaches used in legal research are the statute approach, the case approach and the comparative approach. The results of the analysis show that Polairud's Authority in preventing criminal acts of theft, Article 1 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is a state based on law. The rule of law is a constitutional construction. As such, all actions of law enforcement officials including the police in carrying out investigations must be based on the law and obey the law. Legal protection for Lego Anchor Ships in the Tanjung Priok Port Area, it can be understood that police institutions, especially the Sub-Directorate of Gakkum Ditpolair Korpolairud Baharkam Polri as an organization carry out administrative and management functions in carrying out their functions or duties as investigators of criminal acts of theft onboard Lego Anchors in the Region Tanjung Priok Port which has been determined by laws and regulations.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDY OF THE INDONESIA-MALAYSIA REGIONAL DISPUTE ABOUT SIPADAN AND LIGITAN ISLANDS IN THE SULAWESI SEA
Authors: Kelakan I Gusti Ngurah Kesawa Kesuma Putra , Dewi Tjokorda Istri Diah Widyantari Pradnya
Published: January 2023

The goal of this paper is to look into the background of the island disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia over Sipadan and Ligitan from the perspective of international law. In addition to the reasons, the purpose of this study is to determine the settlement process between the two countries to resolve the dispute between Sipadan and Ligitan and its implications for international law. It also aims to find out the reasons for the International Court of Justice in determining the winner of the dispute between the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan. This study uses descriptive methods, normative methods based on international law, and data collection techniques to analyze the data obtained through online search techniques and comparative research approaches. The results of this study show that the cause of the dispute between the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan originated from the absence of the two islands on the national maps of Malaysia and Indonesia, which then the two countries took steps to negotiate in international forums in resolving the dispute. It is also known that the main factor considered in determining the winner by the International Court of Justice is the comparison of the effectiveness of the management of the disputed area.
RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS ACTORS FOR THE TRANSFER OF CONSUMER CHANGE FORMS
Authors: Wiguna I Made Ananda Dwirama , Yustiawan Dewa Gede Pradnyana
Published: January 2023

This article aims to provide an understanding of the legal arrangements for the transfer of consumer change forms by business actors and examine the responsibility of business actors for the transfer of consumer change forms that can result in losses to consumers. The writing of this article uses a normative legal research method through a statutory approach, conceptual approach, case approach and use primary and secondary legal materials. The characteristics of this research are categorized as descriptive research. The results of the study show that the regulation regarding the transfer of consumer change is regulated in Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law no. 23 of 1999 and Law no. 7 of 2011 which basically stipulates that rupiah currency is a legal tender in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia so that consumer change must be in the form of rupiah currency without being transferred in any form. This will certainly cause deviations in terms of legal rules because consumers feel disadvantaged and violated their rights. Therefore, a legal review is needed based on related regulations, especially regarding the responsibility of business actors for the transfer of consumer change.
Zambia’s developing international relations
Authors: Vandome Christopher
Published: January 2023

In recent years, Zambia has changed its approach to international relations. The administration of President Hakainde Hichilema, elected in August 2021, has revived the country’s relationships with key Western partners, while maintaining links with China and the wider African continent. Zambia is central to a number of global concerns, including as a participant of the G20 Common Framework for Debt Treatments; as a democratic state and potential African ally for the West; and as a valuable producer of natural resources required for the global green transition. This paper provides an overview of the latest developments in Zambia’s international relations and explores what these might mean for the world and the people of Zambia.
Climate action in China
Authors: Jeffs Nina
Published: January 2023

China is central to global climate action, and the country is working towards innovative solutions that can mitigate the worst impacts of climate change. Simultaneously, China is pursuing low-carbon innovation, the revitalization of rural areas and the promotion of women’s development. The adverse impacts of climate change disproportionately affect disadvantaged social groups. Yet climate change interventions that address gender and other social inequalities can produce more effective and sustainable outcomes. China’s current approach to climate change and socio-economic policy is relatively siloed, top-down and technocratic, which typically precludes the consideration of these cross-cutting approaches. Key synergies exist between work on climate change mitigation and adaptation, rural revitalization and women’s development in China. Collaborative work in these areas can help to make the country’s responses to the climate crisis more effective and sustainable – and interest is growing in China’s NGO and research communities. This paper explores the opportunity for taking a more collaborative approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation, rural revitalization and gender equality. It recommends four key levers for change for research institutions, NGOs and funding organizations to advance gender equality and social inclusion in climate action in China.
How to boost international private climate finance
Authors: Caiado Couto Lilia
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the potentially critical role of central banks, financial regulators and finance industry coalitions in stimulating private cross-border climate-related investment flows – particularly into developing economies. The transition to a ‘net zero’ emissions global economy will require massive investment in low-carbon assets over the coming decades, accompanied by a reallocation of capital from high-carbon assets. For such financial flows to occur, institutional investors will need greater clarity on how net zero portfolio alignment is defined and measured, and on the climate risk characteristics of specific financial instruments. Among other measures, central banks and financial regulators can aid this process by developing more uniform reporting standards for climate investments. Financial authorities can also encourage portfolio realignment by increasing capital requirements for loans associated with high-emissions investments, and similarly by adjusting collateral rules for high-emissions assets. In addition, central banks may be able to play an ‘active’ role in reshaping markets, for example by giving preference to net zero-compliant assets in their own bond holdings and foreign reserves.
TRADITIONAL ORAL LANGUAGE IN THE STORIES OF KAZAKH WRITERS
Authors: Kuderinova K.
Published: January 2023

The article is written in order to find the necessary approaches to the development and improvement of the speech of modern Kazakh youth. Everyone knows that the quality and level of oral, public speech of modern Kazakh youth is falling day by day. Modern youth speech consists mainly of barbarisms and elements of primitive colloquial speech, the speech of Kazakh youth is becoming increasingly incomprehensible, verbose, empty-mouthed. In this regard, the article emphasizes the need to study, analyze, and practice the works of Kazakh writers written in the traditional language. Since the normalization of the norms of the national literary language through works of art began with the works of Kazakh classical writers of the early 20th century, the main purpose of the article is to take as an example the National features of the language and style of Kazakh writers, elements of traditional word processing for today's Kazakh language, especially youth oral speech. Analyzing the types of sentences in the stories of Beimbet Mailin, Zhusupbek Aimauytov, Mukhtar Auezov, Berdibek Sokpakbayev, the styles of writing and speech are demonstrated, which are examples of ruble speech. At the end, the characteristic features of the national speech of the Kazakh language are given
TYPES OF NOMINAL COMBINATIONS IN THE LANGUAGE OF “CODEX CUMANICUS”
Authors: Rasulova L.
Published: January 2023

"Codex Cumanicus" is the first Turkic work that was written in the Latin alphabet in the late 13th-early 14th century and has come down to our time. The work consists of Italian and German sections, which differ from each other in terms of their subject and the purpose of writing. The Italian part (55 pages) is believed to have been written in the region between the lower Volga and the Crimea, by Italian merchants or Franciscan monks. The second part, the German part (27 pages), consists of a German-Kipchak dictionary, a translation from the "Bible", Christian songs, sermons, aphorisms, 47 riddles and proverbs related to Kipchak folklore. A single copy of the work is currently preserved in the library of San Marco, Italy. Examining the grammatical structure of the work not only gives us rich information about the development of the Kipchak language, their history and culture in the XIII-XIV centuries, but also allows us to study the laws of development between the Turkic languages in that period. In this article, the characteristic features of nominal combinations used in "Codex Cumanicus" are studied. At the same time, the meaning of word groups that are not included in word combinations is determined. The word combinations used in the language of the monument were divided into different types and each of them will be analyzed based on individual examples.
Kiskundorozsma-Daruhalom és Kiskundorozsma-Kettőshatár avar kori temetőinek gyöngyanyaga
Authors: Füleki Orsolya
Published: January 2023

A tanulmány a Kiskundorozsma határában 2003-ban és 2004-ben feltárt közép és késő avar kori temetők gyöngyanyagát ismerteti. A három temető mind időben, mind térben rendkívül közel áll egymáshoz. Elvégeztük a gyöngyök tipológiai osztályozását, a gyöngyöket tartalmazó sírok, valamint a temetőkön belüli gyöngyviselet elemzését, majd a gyöngysorok és gyöngyviselet alapján vizsgáltuk a gyöngyöket tartalmazó síregyüttesek kronológiai helyzetét, valamint a három temető viszonyát.
Genetic improvement programme in Gir cattle for enhancing milk productivity
Authors: SINGH UMESH , RAJA T V , ALYETHODI R R , GAJBHIYE P U , PRAKASH B , BHASIN V
Published: January 2023

The All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Cattle is implemented in the home tract of Gir cattle for their conservation, propagation and genetic improvement. The involvement of Gir animal owners under the programme has helped to create awareness among the farmers on the importance of this valuable breed. The production of frozen semen doses of genetically superior young bulls and the availability of AI facility at the doorsteps of the farmer has increased the conception rate to a large extent. All lactation production performance of Gir animals maintained in the GP unit revealed better performance than the first lactation production traits. The overall total lactation milk yield, 305-days yield, lactation length, peak yield and dry period were estimated as 3801.0 kg, 2868.30 kg, 457.2 days, 14.80 kg and 68.50 days, respectively. The mean all lactation service period and calving interval were 216.50 and 498.50 days, respectively. The production and reproduction performance of Gir cattle has improved over the years due to the implementation of the project and continuous efforts will be made to propagate this valuable germplasm to the needy people of the country.
Impact of milk feeding frequency on performance, health and behaviour of crossbred cattle calves
Authors: HAJAM JAVID REHMAN , GAUR G K , DUTTA NARAYAN , BHARTI P K , SINGH MUKESH , DUTT TRIVENI
Published: January 2023

The present study was undertaken to study the impact of milk feeding frequency on performance, health and behaviour of crossbred cattle calves. A total of 12 crossbred (Vrindavani) calves were allocated equally in to two groups viz. control (G-I) and experimental group (G-II). During the experimental period (from16th to 70th day of birth), the calves in Gr-II and G-I group were fed milk once and twice daily, respectively without any change in total offered milk quantity. The mean birth weight (kg) of calves in control and experimental group were 21.01±0.88 and 21.25±0.88 kg, respectively. The total body weight gain of calves in control and experimental group were 21.06±0.39 and 21.08±0.39 kg, respectively. The average weekly body weights, gains and body measurements in general were non-significantly different in control and G-II group from 1st to 10th week of age. However, the body length was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G-II from third week to end of experiment. As a whole, 16.67% calves in G-I and 33.34% calves in G-II suffered from calf scour. The change in feeding schedule had no significant effect on immune status and behavioral activities of calves. Once daily feeding saved 29.41% (36 man minutes) labour than twice daily feeding schedule. It was concluded that reduction in milk feeding frequency to calves did not affect growth, feed intake, health, behaviour and overall performance, hence one time milk feeding to calves may be adopted at organized herds, where weaning is being practiced, in view of saving labor cost.
Individualized PATE: Differentially Private Machine Learning with Individual Privacy Guarantees
Authors: Boenisch Franziska , Mühl Christopher , Rinberg Roy , Ihrig Jannis , Dziedzic Adam
Published: January 2023

Applying machine learning (ML) to sensitive domains requires privacy protection of the underlying training data through formal privacy frameworks, such as differential privacy (DP). Yet, usually, the privacy of the training data comes at the cost of the resulting ML models' utility. One reason for this is that DP uses one uniform privacy budget epsilon for all training data points, which has to align with the strictest privacy requirement encountered among all data holders. In practice, different data holders have different privacy requirements and data points of data holders with lower requirements can contribute more information to the training process of the ML models. To account for this need, we propose two novel methods based on the Private Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles (PATE) framework to support the training of ML models with individualized privacy guarantees. We formally describe the methods, provide a theoretical analysis of their privacy bounds, and experimentally evaluate their effect on the final model's utility using the MNIST, SVHN, and Adult income datasets. Our empirical results show that the individualized privacy methods yield ML models of higher accuracy than the non-individualized baseline. Thereby, we improve the privacy-utility trade-off in scenarios in which different data holders consent to contribute their sensitive data at different individual privacy levels.
StyleID: Identity Disentanglement for Anonymizing Faces
Authors: Le Minh-Ha , Carlsson Niklas
Published: January 2023

Privacy of machine learning models is one of the remaining challenges that hinder the broad adoption of Artificial Intelligent (AI). This paper considers this problem in the context of image datasets containing faces. Anonymization of such datasets is becoming increasingly important due to their central role in the training of autonomous cars, for example, and the vast amount of data generated by surveillance systems. While most prior work de-identifies facial images by modifying identity features in pixel space, we instead project the image onto the latent space of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model, find the features that provide the biggest identity disentanglement, and then manipulate these features in latent space, pixel space, or both. The main contribution of the paper is the design of a feature-preserving anonymization framework, StyleID, which protects the individuals’ identity, while preserving as many characteristics of the original faces in the image dataset as possible. As part of the contribution, we present a novel disentanglement metric, three complementing disentanglement methods, and new insights into identity disentanglement. StyleID provides tunable privacy, has low computational complexity, and is shown to outperform current state-of-the-art solutions.
Lox: Protecting the Social Graph in Bridge Distribution
Authors: Tulloch Lindsey , Goldberg Ian
Published: January 2023

In regions of the world where censorship of the Internet is used to limit access to information, monitor the activity of Internet users, and quash dissent, anti-censorship proxies, or bridges, can offer a connection to the open Internet beyond a censor's area of influence. Bridge distribution systems, built to publicly distribute large pools of bridges to users in censored regions, face the inherent conflict of providing bridges to unknown users when some of them may be malicious. If not designed with care, bridge distribution systems can be quickly overwhelmed by attacks from censors, undermining the integrity of the system and the safety of users. It is therefore crucial to prioritize protecting users when developing such systems.

In this paper, we present a new bridge distribution system, Lox. Lox prioritizes protecting the privacy of users and their social graphs and incorporates enumeration resistance mechanisms to improve access to bridges and limit the malicious behaviour of censors. We use an updated unlinkable multi-show anonymous credential scheme, suitable for a single credential issuer and verifier, to protect Lox bridge users and their social networks from being identified by malicious actors. We formalize a trust level scheme that is compatible with anonymous credentials and effectively limits malicious behaviour while maintaining user anonymity. Our work includes an open-sourced, Rust implementation of our Lox protocols as well as an evaluation of their performance. With reasonable performance and latency for the expected user base of our system, we demonstrate Lox as a practical, social graph protective bridge distribution system.
Multi-Party Replicated Secret Sharing over a Ring with Applications to Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Authors: Baccarini Alessandro , Blanton Marina , Yuan Chen
Published: January 2023

Secure multi-party computation has seen significant performance advances and increasing use in recent years. Techniques based on secret sharing offer attractive performance and are a popular choice for privacy-preserving machine learning applications. Traditional techniques operate over a field, while designing equivalent techniques for a ring Z_2^k can boost performance. In this work, we develop a suite of multi-party protocols for a ring in the honest majority setting starting from elementary operations to more complex with the goal of supporting general-purpose computation. We demonstrate that our techniques are substantially faster than their field-based equivalents when instantiated with a different number of parties and perform on par with or better than state-of-the-art techniques with designs customized for a fixed number of parties. We evaluate our techniques on machine learning applications and show that they offer attractive performance.
A gyorslábú Atalanté és a történeti idő paradoxona
Authors: György Gábor
Published: January 2023

The Paradox of Historical Time and Atalanta “The Swift-footed Huntress”
The historian, to whom time is the chief ingredient of history, perceives multiple dimensions of time. They look back onto the studied past (past-present) from their own present (present-present), but they also know the past of the studied past (past-past), and the future of said studied past (past-future). This past-future encompasses the future vision of the people of the studied past, as well as all interpretations of it, all the way up to the present of the historian. Ultimately, the historian in their own present cannot distance themselves from the future vision of their own present, their future expectations, hopes or fears (present-future). Historical cognition is therefore characterised by the combined effect of plural time dimensions, not by linear thinking.
Keywords: history, past, time dimensions, linearity, multitemporality, Judaism, longue durée
Romulus és Remus Veiiben
Authors: Ádám Rung
Published: January 2023

Romulus and Remus in Veii
Much has been written in Classics about the relationship between early Rome and the Etruscans, from scholarly articles to secondary school textbooks. Inspired in part by recent research in archaeogenetics, this article argues for the feasibility of an approach which sees Rome and its northern neighbours as political subsystems of the same cultural unit instead of interacting as separate cultural entities. As an example of that, if one reads the early archaeological material of Veii, an Etruscan city neighbouring Rome, and the Roman origin stories transmitted in Latin literature as products of the same culture (temporarily disregarding the linguistic-ethnic divide between the two cities that became so important later on), one can shed light on the vast scale of possible interpretations which could develop in both directions.
Keywords: early Rome, Roman myth, meta-historiography, Livy, Etruscans, ethnicity in antiquity, Veii, heroon, casa Romuli
Using Group Theory to Generate Initial Population for a Genetic Algorithm for Solving Traveling Salesman
Authors: Raj Singh Dharm
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, we propose a novel algorithm that uses Genetic algorithm with group theory for initial population generation and also propose a novel crossover for solving Traveling Salesman Problem. In the group tour construction method, each individual/initial tour has distinct start city provided that population size is equal to total number of cities. In the initial population, each individual/tour has a distinct starting city. The distinct starting cites of each tour provide genetic material for exploration for the whole search space. Therefore, a heterogeneous starting city of a tour in initial population is generated to have rich diversity. Proposed crossover based on greedy method of sub-tour connection drives the efficient local search, followed by 2-opt mutation for improvement of tour for enhanced/optimal solution. The result of the proposed algorithm is compared with other standard algorithms followed by conclusion.
Environmental Journalism: Education on the Global South
Authors: Yarnykh Veronika
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the development of environmental journalism and the Global South. The material discusses the modern approach to pedagogical design in journalism study. It is important to pay attention to the new request for the learning process and learning technologies from generation Z (Gen Z). The response to the new request is new media educational technologies, including the formation of a unified educational and communication space. The global environmental news agenda is seen as a tool for integrated education and opportunities for professional specialization of students. Environmental journalism is one of the new integrated areas of journalism, which is shaping the educational space in a new way.
Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adewale Adeoye Philip
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer has increasingly become a disease of high morbidity and mortality globally, and in the sub-Saharan African region in particular. Therefore, there is a need to review the current status of breast cancer in the region in the last decade. Though Africa has one of the lowest incidence rates, it has the highest mortality rate globally. There have been reported inter- and intra-country variations in breast cancer morbidity and mortality in the region, with East Africa having the largest incidence rate increase, while southern Africa experiences the lowest increase between 2008 and 2012. Histology remains the commonest modality of diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa; with invasive ductal cancers being the commonest among patients. Novel genes have also been popular among certain populations, in the presence of the more popular BRACA genes. Adverse outcomes reported include physical and mental health outcomes, which have been linked to some health behaviours. There has been varying modalities of treatments across the region. Therefore, there is a need for better organized and improved screening/diagnostics service accessibility in resource-constrained settings in sub-Saharan Africa. There should also be increased awareness creation among African populations about the availability of treatment facilities and modalities in their communities.
Variabilidad del pedaleo en ciclistas de diferentes niveles competitivos
Authors: Herrero-Molleda Alba , Floría Pablo , García-López Juan
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of competitive level and pedalling intensity on crank torque variability. Seventy-two cyclists (Club, Elite, Professional) pedalled at 200, 250 and 300 W on a cycle ergometer that recorded crank torque. Linear (average Standard Deviation) and non-linear (Sample Entropy) variability analyses were applied. Both competitive level and pedalling intensity showed a significant effect on Sample Entropy values of crank torque, with a significant interaction between the two factors, while average Standard Deviation was only affected by pedalling intensity. In conclusion, pedalling intensity effect on crank torque variability could be explained by the changes in the biomechanical constrains of the cycling task and the “minimal intervention principle”, while linear and non-linear variability results must be interpreted in a different way, as non-linear variability has shown a bigger potential for fine discrimination between cyclists’ competitive levels.

El principal objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la influencia del nivel competitivo y de la intensidad de pedaleo en la variabilidad de las fuerzas aplicadas a las bielas. Setenta y dos ciclistas (Club, Élite y Profesional) pedalearon durante 5 minutos a 200, 250 y 300 W en un cicloergómetro que registraba el torque o momento de fuerza del pedaleo, realizándose posteriormente un análisis de la variabilidad lineal (Desviación estándar) y no lineal (Entropía) de la cinética del pedaleo. Los principales resultados mostraron un efecto significativo tanto del nivel competitivo como de la intensidad del pedaleo en los valores de variabilidad no lineal, con una interacción, también significativa, entre ambos factores, mientras que la variabilidad lineal únicamente se vio afectada por la intensidad del pedaleo. En conclusión, el efecto de la intensidad de pedaleo en la variabilidad de las fuerzas podría explicarse por la propia mecánica del pedaleo y el “principio de mínima intervención”. Igualmente, los resultados de variabilidad cinética lineal y no lineal durante el pedaleo deben ser interpretados diferencialmente, siendo este último análisis más sensible para discriminar entre niveles de rendimiento en ciclistas.
Integrated Reporting Disclosures: Evidence from Local Councils in Malaysia
Authors: Maelah Ruhanita , Hassan Haslina , Hamzah Noradiva
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The objective is to determine the degree of Integrated Reporting (IR) disclosure in annual reports of selected city councils based on seven IR Framework Guiding Principles, namely (1) Strategic focus and future orientation, (2) Connectivity of information, (3) Stakeholder relationships, (4) Materiality, (5) Conciseness, (6) Reliability and completeness and (7) Consistency and comparability. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study performs content analysis on recent online annual reports of ten city councils against the IR Guiding Principles. Findings: Overall, the results indicate that IR is still at infancy and receives low acceptance by city councils. The results demonstrate that strategic aims and objectives were reported without indicating the time frame of the objectives. It was found that the annual report focuses more on the achievements of the department. All the city councils that were under study disclosed engagement activities with the community; used a combination of narrative statements, figures, pictures, and graphs; and disclosed positive information. The executive summary and Mayor’s message were provided at the beginning of the annual report to give an overview of the organization’s performance. Comparative data was used to benchmark performance across several years, but comparative data against other local authorities was limited. Research Limitation: The limitations include the small sample size, thus the findings from this study should not be generalized. However, it justified the objective to examine the individual disclosure of IR guiding principles by large public sector organizations. Second, the content analysis was performed on the most recent annual reports of selected city councils which may not reflect the overall practice on consistency and comparability. Third, this study focused on seven guiding principles of IR, which is only part of the comprehensive IR framework. Practical Implication: The findings from this study could be used as an input for regulators and other public sector entities to facilitate IR implementation in public sector organizations. Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the existing literature on the current stage of IR implementation in public sector. The findings obtained show that IR, which was initially observed as a private sector initiative, has implications in public sector organizations. Keywords: Integrated reporting, annual report, guiding principles, local council.
Periodic Review Inventory Model with Controllable Lead Time under Service level Constraint where Backorder Rate depends on Protection Interval
Authors: K Jaggi Chandra , Ali Haider , Arneja Neetu
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a periodic review inventory model with controllable lead time under the service level constraint has been examined where backorder rate is depend on the back order discount and the length of the protection interval which is sum of the review period and lead time. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. The demand during the protection interval is assumed to be normally distributed. The total cost has been obtained by jointly optimizing the review period, lead time and backorder discount under the effect of known service level. This study not only provides the greater flexibility to the inventory manager to coordinate inventory in more efficient manner but also makes enormous savings in total expected cost.
Aunque haya vida más allá de un proyecto de investigación… Entrevista a María Jesús Mancho
Authors: Molina Sangüesa Itziar
Published: January 2023

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Bonum dandum est : Los proyectos de digitalización de la Biblioteca de la RAE
Authors: Arbolí Iriarte Rosa
Published: January 2023

La RAE ha tenido una función central desde su fundaciónen la historia de la lengua española en una doble vertiente, como agenteen su normalización y unidad dentro de su variedad, al tiempo que losavances en la historia de la lengua han ido marcando las pautas de su trabajoy sus necesidades documentales. En este camino un vehículo básicoha sido su Biblioteca que ha nutrido de documentos a academicos y lexicografosde la RAE para su labor y estos han enriquecido con sus necesidadesy sugerencias el incremento de sus fondos.En el artículo se describen los fondos más valiosos de la misma y elproceso que ha llevado a su selección para su digitalización, así como losplanes de digitalización iniciados en 2013 hasta la actualidad para constituiruna biblioteca digital que los preserve y constituya un instrmento útil paralos historiadores de la lengua en el contexto de las humanidades digitales,para los investigadores en general y también para el usuario global de lared.
La digitalización del archivo de la Real Academia Española: un camino de ida y vuelta
Authors: De Quintana Covadonga
Published: January 2023

El departamento del Archivo de la Real Academia Españolapuso en marcha el proceso de organización archivística de sus fondosdocumentales en julio de 2015. Desde entonces, el trabajo con los fondosque componen el archivo se centra en su identificación, clasificación, ordenación,descripción y difusión. La digitalización es un paso intermedioentre la descripción y la difusión que debe acometerse cuando los documentosestán controlados desde los puntos de vista físico y lógico. El planparcial de digitalización de los fondos del archivo que se llevó a cabo entre2013 y 2014, sin haberse realizado las tareas archivísticas de control previo,nos ha permitido emprender la organización de nuestro valioso patrimoniodocumental desde la primera etapa del proceso.
El Nuevo tesoro lexicográfico de la lengua española: un museo lexicográfico como base de datos
Authors: Clavería Nadal Gloria , Freixas Alás Margarita
Published: January 2023

A modo de museo lexicográfico, el Nuevo tesoro lexicográficode la lengua española (NTLLE) permite un acceso rápido y fácil a los principalesdiccionarios bilingües y monolingües de la historia del español, entreellos todos los publicados por la Real Academia Española hasta 1992. Deluso continuado de esta útil herramienta en el proyecto de investigación«Historia interna del Diccionario de la lengua castellana de la Real AcademiaEspañola en el siglo XIX (1817-1852)», se desprenden un conjunto de observacionessobre las propias obras del NTLLE y su aprovechamiento enla obtención de datos lingüísticos, su análisis contrastivo y su interpretaciónen la reconstrucción de la historia del léxico y la historia de la lexicografíaespañola.
Nuevas aportaciones al léxico de la navegación y la gente de mar (ss. XVI-XVIII). El Corpus AGILEX
Authors: Congosto Martín Yolanda
Published: January 2023

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Nos conocimos como villenistas… Encuentro con Ramón Santiago Lacuesta
Authors: Pascual Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: January 2023

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Terminología histórica y vocabulario marcado en el Libro de la expedición a la Especiería (1506/1508)
Authors: Carriazo Ruiz José Ramón
Published: January 2023

Este ensayo se estructura en dos partes –descripción delmanuscrito con signatura «Contratación, 3251, L. 1», conservado en lasección 3, Casa de Contratación, del Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla,y análisis individual de dieciocho formas documentadas tempranamenteen castellano en el manuscrito descrito– y tiene por objetivosprincipales dos: describir la etimología e historia lingüística del vocabularioseleccionado y relacionarlo con las circunstancias sociolingüísticas, decontacto entre lenguas y registros diversos, que rodearon su redaccióndel manuscrito en el emporio hispalense a principios del Quinientos.
Ausencia, creación y reformulación de la norma: consideraciones sobre la puntuación en la documentación archivística (ss. XVI-XVII)
Authors: Valiente Roldán Enrique
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo supone una primera aproximación a las diferentesmotivaciones que pudieran justificar los distintos modelos de puntuaciónpresentes en la escritura archivística de los siglos XVI y XVII. Nosproponemos comprender cómo los nuevos modelos de escritura han recogidoel testigo de los métodos medievales iniciados por los primerostratadistas como San Isidoro. Para ello, se ha procedido a una breve selecciónde testimonios que poseen diferentes características textuales depositadosen el Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla para, posteriormente, establecercon ellos una clasificación según parámetros de frecuencia de usodel indicador de pausa prosódica. Quedarán, así, establecidos tres conjuntosde textos: abuso, moderación y déficit de signos.El análisis independiente de cada uno de estos grupos nos permitiráprofundizar en todos aquellos mecanismos gráficos utilizados en la elaboraciónde los documentos que suponen la plasmación de pausa prosódicao su relación, si la hubiera, con diversos fenómenos de carácter suprasegmental.Por otro lado, esta clasificación serviría también para evidenciaraquellos aspectos del texto que pueden verse afectados por el uso de unosdeterminados patrones de puntuación, su ausencia o su libre interpretaciónde la norma.
Oficios artesanales en Ávila (siglo XV)
Authors: Sánchez González de Herrero Mª Nieves
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo revisa el léxico de los oficios artesanales en la provincia de Ávila a partir de un corpus de documentos del siglo XV. Tras la descripción del corpus que sirve de base, se muestran las distintas formas en que se presentan los intervinientes en estos testimonios y, a continuación, se revisan los oficios artesanales presentes en ellos. En la segunda parte se expone el léxico de los contratos de aprendizaje que contiene un pequeño inventario de la vestimenta más habitual de quienes se iniciaban en los distintos oficios; finalmente, a partir de unos pocos documentos de ejecución de servicios centrados en labores de construcción y en orfebrería, destacamos una serie de voces técnicas, perdidas ya algunas, conservadas otras hasta nuestros días, varias de ellas en tempranas atestiguaciones.
Mecanismos lexicogenéticos en la formación de adjetivos cromáticos del siglo XVII
Authors: Junquera Martínez Alejandro
Published: January 2023

A partir de elementos preexistentes en español, pueden obtenerse denominaciones cromáticas a través de la adición de sufijos, el uso de patrones parasintéticos o compositivos o mediante estructuras de corte sintáctico. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de los distintos mecanismos morfosintácticos que pueden emplearse para producir nuevos adjetivos de tipo cromático a partir de ejemplos concretos extraídos del corpus CorLexIn. Se pretende ofrecer una perspectiva tanto lexicográfica como referencial y documental de cada caso, con especial atención a las particularidades que puedan presentar.
Acercamiento al léxico español del automóvil en sus orígenes
Authors: Puche Lorenzo Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2023

El automóvil constituye uno de los avances técnicos más importantes del siglo XX pues provocó un desarrollo industrial sin parangón, además de adquirir una enorme repercusión en el terreno deportivo y social, aunque en un primer momento estuvo vinculado a individuos de alto poder adquisitivo. La recepción de este nuevo elemento vino acompañada de un caudal léxico prestado en su mayor parte, que suscitó diversas críticas por profesionales o seguidores del sector. A través de la prensa especializada, se observarán actitudes, críticas o valoraciones sobre ello, lo que permitirá determinar hasta qué punto se influyó en su devenir. Así mismo, el nacimiento de un nuevo campo denominativo vino acompañado de la creación de los primeros vocabularios especializados.
Sánchez Martín, Francisco Javier (2019): Método de la geometría (1640) de Juan Carlos della Faille. Estudio y edición, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia (colección Editum Signos), 483 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17865-25-2
Authors: Sánchez Orense Marta
Published: January 2023

Reseña de la obra: Sánchez Martín, Francisco Javier (2019): Método de la geometría (1640) de Juan Carlos della Faille. Estudio y edición, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia (colección Editum Signos), 483 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17865-25-2.