bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Décentralisation De La Dialyse Au Sénégal : Expérience D’1 An Du Centre De Tambacounda A l’Est Du Pays
Authors: Yaya Kane , Mokhtar Mbacké Leye Mamadou , Moussa Tondi Zeinabou Maiga , Tall Lemrabott Ahmed , Maria Faye , Moustapha Cisse Mouhamadou , Fary Ka El Hadj , Boucar Diouf
Published: January 2017

Hemodialysis has made numerous and significant progress in recent decades resulting in life expectancy increase (thirty or forty years). The aim of our study was to assess the treatment of acute and chronic hemodialysis in the reference center of Tambacounda. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study over a one-year period (April 2013 to March 2014) in the hemodialysis center of the regional hospital of Tambacounda, 450km away from Dakar. The study focused on epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and scalable data. Results: Fifty-nine patients were involved in the study. The sex ratio was 0.85 (32F/ 27M). The mean age was 41.3 years [12-72 years old]. Nineteen patients were on dialysis treatment for acute renal failure (ARF) (32.2%) and 40 were chronic hemodialysis patients (67.79%). Fifty patients were under emergency dialysis (84.7%) including 17 in intensive care (28.8%). Most chronic hemodialysis patients had 3 sessions per week (98.3%). Only 9 patients were monitored in nephrology prior to dialysis (22%). Thirty-two patients had a femoral double-lumen catheter (54.23%), 6 patients used ordinary double- lumen jugular catheters (10.17%) and 3 received tunneled jugular catheters (5.09%). Eighteen patients had functional arteriovenous (AV) fistula (18.51%). The mean hemoglobin was 7 g/dl. Only 11 patients had erythropoietin-based therapy. In acute renal impairment there were 8 deaths (42.10%), whereas in chronic renal failure the fatality rate was 18.8% (n = 9). Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated the benefits of decentralizing dialysis treatment in the provinces. However there is a need to implement the accompanying measures, such as the availability of some essential medicines for all hemodialysis patients, and equipment of intensive care units.
La Chirurgie Foraine : Une Solution Aux Problemes D’acces Aux Soins Chirurgicaux Des Populations Rurales
Authors: Katanga Tchangai Boyodi , Alassani Fousseni , Amavi Kossigan Ayi , Attipou Komlan
Published: January 2017

Assessment of the quality of care in surgical outreach programs is necessary to improve their reliability. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of a surgical outreach program involving large numbers of patients. Material and Method: Retrospective study of clinical data and outcomes of patients operated on within a surgical outreach held in Togo's Central Region was carried out. Data was collected from patient’s files with a follow-up, of 2 years. Results: Two hundred and seventy seven patients (277) underwent 304 surgical procedures within the surgical outreach. The conditions were essentially made of hernias of the abdominal wall (89%). Cases of hydroceles, endemic goiter and uterine myo-fibroids were also managed. Spinal anesthesia was the most common procedure of anesthesia (75%). Day case surgery involved 165 patients (59.5%). A post operative morbidity was observed in 31 patients (11%) essentially made of hematoma 28 cases (9.2%) and parietal abscesses 20 cases (6.5%).There were no postoperative deaths. Conclusion: outcomes in this study encourage surgical outreach programs as reliable means to address surgery accessibility issues of rural populations in low incomes countries.
Aspects of Humoral Immunity in a Group of Children With Type 1 Diabetes and Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Adriana Gherbon
Published: January 2017

Patients with diabetes have a high prevalence of thyroid disease compared with non-diabetic population. In the case of type 1 diabetes, it is often associated with autoimmune endocrine and systemic diseases as: Graves-Basedow disease, autoimmune chonic thyroiditis (ACT), Addison's disease, celiac disease, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, vitiligo, etc.. The purpose of this study is to determine the main aspects of humoral immunity in a group of children with type 1 diabetes and thyroid disorders. The studied group was represented by 83 cases (71 girls and 12 boys), aged between 7-17 years. They were used clinical, imaging, biochemical, hormonal and immunological parameters. Results: Prevalence of positive anthyroid antibodies (ACAT) in the study group was: Basedow – Graves disease – 100% (both), ACT - 85.18% antiTPO and 83.33% antiTg, euthyroid difusse goiter – 0% (both). In the case of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and ACT with positive antiTPO AB we notice that they had a younger onset age of diabetes (4.86 ± 3.94 vs. 8.62 ± 0.51 years), a longer duration of diabetes (9.23 ± 4.05 vs. 8.12 ± 0.64 years), elevated HbA1c values (8.91 ± 2.03 vs.7, 55 ± 1.96%) and lower TSH values (12.00 ± 23.7 vs. 14.77 ± 17.03 mIU/ml) than those negative. Conclusions: It is recommended determination of antithyroid antibodies, particularly those antiTPO in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at onset of diabetes, or before puberty and, if they are positive should be tested the thyroid function annually to minimize the risk of undiagnosed hypothyroidism.
Procédé Amélioré De Conservation Et De Stabilisation Du Fromage Peuhl Par L’effet Combiné Du Traitement Thermique Et Du Conditionnement Sous Vide
Authors: Joseph Dossou , Karel Montcho Jules , Serge Londji , Laurent Atchouké G. Donald , Sylvanus Odjo
Published: January 2017

This study focused on improving the conservation of traditional Fulani cheese (Wagashi) from Benin by using the combined effect of thermic dehydration and vacuum packaging. In order to increase the shelf life and cheese stability, some experiments were undertaken using heat treatment at 60 °C for 4 hours and vacuum packaging. The treated cheeses had a water content ranging from 32 to 35% and showed a reduced microbial load (102 CFU/g for the total aerobic mesophyl germs and 101 CFU/g for lactobacilli, yeasts and moulds. The cheeses nutritional and sensory quality was also preserved after treatment. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses carried out periodically on processed and stored cheeses in vacuum packaging showed these cheeses are stable for about 60 days, both under refrigeration (4-5 °C) and ambient temperature (28-32 °C). These results were confirmed by sensory analyses. However, over a two month’s period, the panelists preferred white cheeses than red colored cheeses stored under vacuum. The economic analysis performed on the mini-factory basis with a cheese processing capacity of 12000 liters milk per year, showed that heat treated cheese stored in vacuum packaging costs 55.35 FCFA a piece of 50 g (net weight) with a selling price of 150 FCFA giving a net profit of 63.1% and break-even point by 54.15 kg of cheese production.
Caractérisation Agro-Morphologique De Variétés De Cotonnier (Gossypium Hirsutum) Pour Une Régionalisation Economique Pour La Production Du Coton Au Bénin
Authors: Alexis Hougni , Lucien Imorou , Augustin Dagoudo , Nouhoun Zoumarou-Wallis
Published: January 2017

To take more account of the terroir effect in varietal choice and address the concerns of cotton farmers who disapprove the agricultural policy of single variety, research on varietal regionalization was initiated during four campaigns, by the Agricultural Research Center for Cotton Fibers. This idea is reinforced by the diversity of agro-ecological zones of the country. The nonrenewal of the variety in extension since the 2002-2003 campaign is also an element of justification concerns of industry players. This study aims to exploit the terroir effect to identify the most suitable varieties for each agroecological zone and meet the needs of industry players including producers and ginners. The experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 on Angaradébou sites, Okpara, Savalou and Ketou respectively representing the zones 1 (Alibori / Atakora); 2 (Borgou / Donga); 3 (Hills) and 4 (Zou / Ouemé Plateau / Mono-Couffo). The adopted experimental device is a Fisher block with four replicate and eight treatments or varieties H 279-1 in extension witness. Other varieties include E 944-2; E 956-2; H 769-5; H 782-3; I 875-3; K 768-3 and K 787-2.The measured parameters are the earliness of production, seed cotton yield in the field, the weight of 100 seeds and the fiber ginning outturn. Data analysis revealed significant differences between and inside sites for most measured parameters. The results showed that varieties E 956-2 (1983.85 kg / ha), H 769-5 (1820.49 kg / ha), K 768-3 (1735.42 kg / ha) and H 782-3 (1533.59 kg / ha) in terms of seed cotton yield in the field and compared their performance to shattering were the best respectively in zones 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Exploitation Des Ressources Biologiques Et Dynamique De La Foret Classee De La Mekrou Au Benin
Authors: Bouko Boni Sounon , Dossou Paulin Jésutin , Amadou Boureima , Sinsin Brice
Published: January 2017

The dynamics study of the preserved forest of Mekrou was discussed. The methodology used includes documentary research, Phytosociological surveys, diachronic analysis of satellite imagery, socio-economic surveys of different social and professional groups and the analysis and interpretation of data. It is obvious that in the area of the study, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and the use of medicinal plants are the main forms of natural resources exploitation. This operation, with population growth leads to a regressive evolution of plants and natural landscapes in favor of agricultural fields and fallow. The area of natural vegetation increased from 70, 53% in 1992 to 39,33% in 2012 in favor fields and fallow land increased from 17, 88% to 48, 77% in 2012. The numerical classification based on the presence-absence of vegetation species allowed us to individualize 6 vegetal communities. The Anogeissus leiocarpus, Khaya senegalensis and gallery forests group is the most diversified and most concentrated while Parkia biglobosa, Vitellaria paradoxa Field group is less diversified and less dense. The impact of soil occupation dynamics has resulted in the fragmentation of natural formations and reducing species diversity and density of ligneous.
Modeling Fertilizer Demand in Cotton-Producing Villages of Benin: Does Price Matter in a Centralized Distribution System?
Authors: Honfoga Barthelemy G.
Published: January 2017

Cotton is a strategic crop in Benin's economy and fertilizer is a crucial necessity for its development. Fertilizer supply is awkwardly cotton-oriented and depends totally on imports. Spurious liberalization, characterized by partial state withdrawal combined with a rigid distribution agreement between the state, fertilizer traders and farmers’ cooperatives, led to a drastic decline in fertilizer use and cotton production. Although fertilizer consumption resumed timidly with reforms, the supply system remained centralized (importers’ licensing, distribution quotas, price administration). This study inquired whether price is relevant in fertilizer demand in such a business environment. Randomly-selected 577 cotton farmers from purposively-chosen 191 cotton-producing villages, were interviewed about fertilizer use and distribution using structured questionnaires. Determinants of average villagelevel fertilizer demand, elicited using a multiple regression model with a joint agronomic and marketing perspective, included at 5% or 1% significance level: the region’s dummy, share of cotton in cultivated area, rural roads’ density, distance ‘village store - farmer’s fields, and off-farm income. Other non-negligible factors included: estimated cost price, soil degradation rate, diffusion rate of water and soil conservation techniques, proportion of leased land area and distance ‘farmer’s house - local agricultural market’. Despite an administered pan-territorial district-level price, fertilizer demand was still sensitive to the actual farm-gate prices. However, the business environment had a stronger influence. The policy levers to increase fertilizer use intensity include the development of road and market infrastructures, promotion of market orientation of farming and off-farm activities, wise liberalization of fertilizer retail market, and reform of the licensing system.
Evaluation Microbiologique Et Origines De La Contamination Des Produits De 4ème Gamme Vendus Sur Les Marchés D’abidjan, Cote D'ivoire
Authors: Anin Louise Atchibri , Assoi Yapi Patrice Désiré Yapi , Monnet Yapo Thierry , Yiwo Yapi Marie-Ange , Soro Chantal Lêniféré , Kouadio K.A Kouakou
Published: January 2017

The sources and degree of microbial contamination of 4 th range products or ready-to-eat products made from traditional processes were evaluated in three markets in the city of Abidjan. This study initially consisted of searching for microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, faecal coliforms, E. coli and Salmonella spp. Then, Ishikawa's method or diagram was used to determine potential sources of food contamination consisting of three (3) fruit and two (2) fruit vegetables and one (1) leafy vegetable, respectively, pineapple (Ananas comosus) papaya (Carica papaya), watermelon (Citrulus lanatus), onion (Allium cepa), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) and amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus). Fecal coliform loads were very high at the fruit level (1.8 × 103 - 9.1 × 102 CFU / g), onion (1.3 × 104 CFU / g), tomato puree (1, 82 × 103 CFU / g) and an E. coli load at the tomato puree which is 9.1 × 102 CFU / g. The analysis using the Ishikawa diagram shows that contamination sources were the poor quality of water, raw material, lack of sanitation, illiteracy, unsafe traditional practices and sellers hygiene.
Evolution Temporelle Et Spatiale De La Macroflore Benthique De L’ecosysteme Lagunaire De Nador
Authors: Mohamed Najih , Nadia Berday , Nor-dine Rezzoum , Fouad Mounir , Abdeljaouad Lamrini , Driss Nachite
Published: January 2017

The objective of the present study undertaken in 2011is to evaluate the status of the benthic macroflora of the Nador lagoon after the management works carried out in 2009 to improve the lagoon environmental quality. Relying on a previous study carried out in 1987, the results of analysis in 2011 showed that the lagoon seabed macroflora recorded a marked decline and an overall change in its distribution and specific composition. The marine Phanerogams, represented by Cymodocea and Zostera, in association with Caulerpa, which were the main vegetationin 1987, were replaced by a macroflora highly dominated by macroalgae (64.3% of the total area), essentially represented by Rhodophyceae (58% of total area).In 2011, the genus Alsidiumwas the main representative in the macroflora(55% of total area),while the genus Caulerpa, and Phanerogamssaw their area of occurrence regress to 25.6% and 18% respectively.
Profil Epidémiologique Des Lymphomes Malins NonHodgkinien Gastrique Au Maroc
Authors: Abdellah Ben khali , Souad Belamalem , Ali Qyou , Ouazzani Houria Chahed , Abdelmajid Soulaymani
Published: January 2017

Retrospective study was done on some cases having Malin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's gastric recorded in Hepato-Gastroenterology department of University Hospital in Rabat during the period 2000 to 2010. The objective of this work is to identify primary and clinics Non Hodgkin lymphomas Malins of the stomach lymphosarcoma type. During the study periodwe registered 47 cases of Hodgkin's Lymphoma Non Malin, an average of 4 ± 0.59 cases / year. The majority of cases were from Kenitra-Rabat-Sale with 40% of cases. Males were the most affected with 55%. The chi-square test showed no significant difference between gender (χ2 = 0.53, P> 0.05). 56 ± 2.8 years. The average age of the patients was hospitalized with ends from 19 years to 85 years, a predominance of the age group [70-80 [with 24%. The majority of patients have a low socioeconomic level (95%). The most registered clinical signs are generally: Alteration of the general state (17%), fever (12%), anemia (10%), epigastric burn type and epigastric cramping in 8% for each of them. The location Antro - pyloric was the most frequent (54%), then the fundus location (18%) and diffuse forms in 9%.
Evaluation of Vulnerability of the Underground Aquifer of the Gharb Plain with the Help of Gis and Drastic Method (Nw of Morocco)
Authors: Nezha El Mahmouhi , Mohamed El Wartiti , Rajae Azelmad , Ridouane Sadki , Sanae Berred
Published: January 2017

Water is a rare resource and badly distributed in Morocco. In spite of the sectorial politics enterprise by persons responsible during more than 50 years in order to control these resources, the problem of the rarity and the deterioration of the water quality always imposes itself. The aquifer complex of the Gharb constitutes an exceptional water reserve for Morocco but these resources are threatened by different types of pollution (agricultural, urban and industrial) according to the economic progress and the relatively fast demographic growth. In this sense and for a better management and the safeguard of water resources of the deep aquifer of the Gharb that we elaborated a map of vulnerability with the help of the DRASTIC method based on seven parameters, controlling water pollution process, seize under shape of data base managed by a Geographic Information System (GIS). The obtained vulnerability map constitutes an easily usable tool for the identification of risk zones where protection measures are necessary, for a better management of the important water resources of the region and also for the immediate intervention in case of accidental pollution.
Lots of Chaotic Behaviors of the Henon Map
Authors: Alam Md. Shakhawat , Ahmed Payer
Published: January 2017

In this paper we are concerned with a general form of the Henon map as a retarded functional equation. The existence of a unique solution is proved. The continuous dependence of the solution and the local stability of fixed points are investigated. Dynamics of periodic points, Chaos, bifurcation, and topological conjugacy of the resulting system are discussed in Matlab.
Dynamics of Dental plaque Hygienic index modified by Turesky, Alpha-defensin and Rheological Status estimation in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: N.A. Tamasidze , M.I. Nikolaishvili , N.G. Mosemghvdlishvili , S.R. Chikobava , M.A. Gogiberidze , A.G. Tamasidze
Published: January 2017

Thus, the index of dental plaque was reliably low in patients undergoing the treatment by aligners as compared with the patients with fixed bracket-systems. Non-removable orthodontic equipment affects marginal periodontal tissues and mouth hygienic condition more than removable one. In spite of observed considerable data spread, when comparing the initial level of antimicrobial peptide measured before the placing the bracket systems, statistically significant differences were obtained. In mixed saliva in patients of basic group the content level of alpha-defensin was higher than in the control group. 3 months after carrying bracket systems value index significantly changed: in the group with inflammatory processes the content of alpha defensin decreases in periodontal tissues whilst in comparison group it increases. The changes in basic group after three months was significant. Thus data evaluation suggests that orthopedic problems are accompanied by blood rheological changes that lead to the increase in plasma viscosity red blood cells aggregability and decrease in red blood cells deformation. That is, (blood rheology) and coagulation changes are notable while dysfunction of vascular endothelium is present. These patients might be considered as riskgroups for cardiovascular problems.
Elaboración De Una Tisana A Partir De Hojas De Aguacate (Persea Americana Mill), Orégano (Origanum Vulgare L.) Y Fibra De Coco
Authors: Hanníbal Brito , Paúl Palmay , Ángel Silva , Edmundo Caluña , Iván Ramos , Margoth Mariño , Eliana Romero , Luis Guadalupe , Valeria Rodríguez
Published: January 2017

A tisane was made from the leaves of avocado, oregano and coconut fiber; with the purpose of establishing a process for obtaining this product. This research begins with the identification of the species of the vegetal elements and their respective active principles. The production process was developed at the laboratory level, it involved a set of stages of transformation of the raw material to reach the final product, considering specific variables or parameters such as: PH, temperature, average diameter in mass, moisture of the vegetal elements and time required in certain stages. In addition, the control of conservation of active principles were carried out by comparing spectra of reception samples in grinding and subsequent sieving. The formulation of the tisane was established by considering the content of active ingredients of therapeutic interest and conducting tastings with the respective surveys, establishing the following composition per gram of tisane: 50% oregano leaves, 40% coconut fiber and 10% avocado leaves; with an acceptability of the product of 65.12% by the consumers of both genders. At the end of the investigation, it was determined that the preparation process for the tisane includes the following steps: reception, selection, cleaning / washing, disinfection, pre-drying, dehydration, manual cutting, Prepackaging, sterilization, formulation, labeled and packaging.
La Alcalinidad Y La Nitrificación En Una Laguna Aireada A Escala Piloto
Authors: Pérez Agustín Leiva , Andrade Edison Macías , Candell Joffre A. Andrade , Ortiz Ana M. Aveiga , Pinargote Sergio S. Alcívar
Published: January 2017

It was studied the relationship among means alkalinity concentration as calcium carbonate, and the nitrification process in an aerated oxidation lagoon in batch and pilot scale (1,72 m3 as total volume and 1,46 m3 as effective one) working on a residual synthetic liquid, elaborated with base in sucrose, sulfate and ammonium phosphate. The results demonstrated that when being increased the initial alkalinity in the range from 120 to 360 mg CaCO3/dm3, the nitrification process efficiency increased significantly until the surroundings of the 86%, decreasing when being this with smaller and bigger values that said range. The dissolved oxygen concentration stayed around 4,3 mg/dm3, belonging together with the aerobic character of the microorganisms for nitrification (Nitrosomona and Nitrobacter). The initial concentration of total nitrogen in each one of the 14 processes batch was 38 mg/dm3 and the same one went down to minimum values around 4,56 mg/dm3.
Calibration of the 1D shallow water equations: a comparison of Monte Carlo and gradient-based optimization methods
Authors: Lacasta Asier , Morales-Hernández Mario , Burguete Javier , Brufau Pilar , García-Navarro Pilar
Published: January 2017

The calibration of parameters in complex systems usually requires a large computational effort. Moreover, it becomes harder to perform the calibration when non-linear systems underlie the physical process, and the direction to follow in order to optimize an objective function changes depending on the situation. In the context of shallow water equations (SWE), the calibration of parameters, such as the roughness coefficient or the gauge curve for the outlet boundary condition, is often required. In this work, the SWE are used to simulate an open channel flow with lateral gates. Due to the uncertainty in the mathematical modeling that these lateral discharges may introduce into the simulation, the work is focused on the calibration of discharge coefficients. Thus, the calibration is performed by two different approaches. On the one hand, a classical Monte Carlo method is used. On the other hand, the development and application of an adjoint formulation to evaluate the gradient is presented. This is then used in a gradient-based optimizer and is compared with the stochastic approach. The advantages and disadvantages are illustrated and discussed through different test cases.
Spatial and temporal variation of reference evapotranspiration under climate change: a case study in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Song Xinyi , Zhu Kui , Lu Fan , Xiao Weihua
Published: January 2017

It is essential to understand the changing patterns in reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and its relation to climate variables. In this study, meteorological data obtained from the Sanjiang Plain (SJP) between 1959 and 2013 are used to calculate ET0 via the Penman–Monteith method. This study analyses the spatial and temporal changes of ET0 and determines which meteorological variables have an impact on this. The Mann–Kendall test, moving t-test, sensitivity analysis and simulated results have been used to conduct these analyses. The results demonstrate the following. (1) Spatially, there is an increasing trend in the annual ET0 values in agricultural areas. However, significant decreasing trends (P < 0.05) can be found in mountainous regions. (2) Temporally, two abrupt changes can be detected in the early 1980s and the late 1990s for the entire SJP, leading to large inter-annual differences. (3) Sensitivity analysis shows that relative humidity (RH) is the most sensitive climate variable and has a negative influence on ET0, followed by temperature, sunshine duration and wind speed, all of which exert positive impacts. (4) The simulated result shows that ET0 is most sensitive to RH. However, significant reductions in wind speed can exert large influences on the ET0 values.
Modelling of runoff and sediment yield using ANN, LS-SVR, REPTree and M5 models
Authors: Bharti Birendra , Pandey Ashish , Tripathi S. K. , Kumar Dheeraj
Published: January 2017

In this study, the performance evaluation of five machine learning models, namely, ANNLM, ANNSCG, least square-support vector regression (LS-SVR), reduced error pruning tree (REPTree) and M5, was carried out for predicting runoff and sediment in the Pokhariya watershed, India using hydro-meteorological variables as input. The input variables were selected using the trial-and-error procedure which represents the hydrological process in the watershed. The seven input variables to all the models comprised a combination of rainfall, average temperature, relative humidity, pan evaporation, sunshine duration, solar radiation and wind speed. The monthly runoff and sediment yield data were used to calibrate and validate all models for the years 2000 to 2008. Evaluation of models' performances were carried out using four statistical indices, i.e., Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), percent bias (PBIAS) and RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR). Comparative analysis showed that the ANNLM model marginally outperformed the LS-SVR model and all the other models investigated during calibration and validation for runoff modelling whereas the LS-SVR model surpassed the artificial neural networks (ANN) model and other models for sediment yield modelling. Moreover, M5 model tree is better in simulating sediment yield and runoff than its near counterpart, the REPTree model, and marginally inferior when compared to LS-SVR and ANN models.
Framing the Brahmaputra River hydropower development: different concerns in riparian and international media reporting
Authors: Jiang Hanchen , Qiang Maoshan , Lin Peng , Wen Qi , Xia Bingqing , An Nan
Published: January 2017

Development of the Brahmaputra River, which links China, India and Bangladesh, has been hindered by significant challenges, particularly political challenges. News reports can mirror the perceptions of political actors, but are, owing to the complexity of the issue, complicated and unstructured. We present a comparative content analysis of the overall framing in news reports of the Brahmaputra River development from major English news media. A structural topic model is established to discover latent topics in the corpus of 1,569 news articles published in 34 countries or regions. We find that politics, including domestic and international politics, dominates the news narratives. Environmental issues, such as glacier status and climate change impacts, are secondarily discussed. Technology and economy issues are less frequently presented in the media coverage. Advantages of upstream countries and dependences of downstream countries are reflected in news reporting and explicitly emerge in the structural topic model. These findings and implications are important for promoting mutual understanding and cooperation among riparian countries in developing the Brahmaputra River. The proposed approach is expected to be widely used as a methodological strategy in future water policy studies.
Occurrence and elimination of antibiotics in three sewage treatment plants with different treatment technologies in Urumqi and Shihezi, Xinjiang
Authors: Liu Jiang , Lu Jianjiang , Tong Yanbin , Li Chao
Published: January 2017

Fourteen antibiotics, including five quinolones (QNs), five sulfonamides (SAs), and four tetracyclines (TCs), were selected to investigate their occurrence and elimination in three sewage treatment plants (STPs) by employing different treatment technologies in Urumqi (two STPs) and Shihezi (one STP), China. The STP in Shihezi was chosen as representative to investigate the distribution of antibiotics in a sludge-sewage system. Results showed that the concentrations of most detected antibiotics ranged from tens to hundreds of nanograms per liter in influent samples and under 100 ng L−1 in effluent samples. QNs and TCs were dominant species with concentrations of 2.33 mg kg−1 to 3.34 mg kg−1 and 0.36 mg kg−1 to 0.47 mg kg−1 in sludge samples, respectively. The elimination rates of target antibiotics by various STPs ranged from 17% to 100%. The STP with anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic and membrane bio-reactor technology removed antibiotics more efficiently than those with anaerobic/anoxic/oxic and oxidation ditch technology. The elimination capacities of treatment units from the three STPs were also investigated. SAs were mainly degraded in biological treatment units; conversely, QNs and TCs were significantly eliminated in sedimentary treatment units. Ozonation effectively removed remaining antibiotics but not UV and chlorination disinfection in this study.
The Potential of Desa Pakraman Jasri as Rural Tourism in the Alternative Tourism Development at Karangasem Regency
Authors: Amerta I Made Suniastha , Sudiarta I Gede
Published: January 2017

Desa Pakraman Jasri was established by the government of Karangasem regency as tourist village that had a complex potential as nature and culture tourism destination, therefore, in accordance with the concept of 4H and 4A on tourism developing. The way of life of society who still looked after the custom and tradition their ancestors were a major modal development it, and the beautiful views towards Jasri beach. The tourist who visited and stayed in the village will feel the atmosphere of rural life with a variety of society activities that are still traditional. However, the fact, the alternative tourism that was developed in Desa Pakraman Jasri did not develop based on society’s expectation and local government. In term of this, it needed to be studied, found and resolved the problems with the best possibility. The study result was to show that the alternative tourism development in Desa Pakraman Jasri was not through a deep and comprehensive assessment; therefore, there was a gap between society expectations and the happening reality.
Efektifitas Modifikasi Ovitrap Model Kepanjen untuk Menurunkan Angka Kepadatan Larva Aedes aegypti di Malang
Authors: Zuhriyah Lilik , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Kusnanto Hari
Published: January 2017

Ovitrap merupakan alat perangkap telur nyamuk yang sukses diaplikasikan di beberapa negara. Penyederhanaan model ovitrap telah dilakukan dan diaplikasikan di Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang namun sampai saat ini kontribusinya dalam menurunkan kepadatan larva belum pernah dievaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index, dan Density Index antara daerah perlakuan dan daerah kontrol serta sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, mengetahui trend jumlah telur nyamuk per ovitrap, serta mengidentifikasi jenis larva yang ditetaskan dari telur yang didapat dari ovitrap. Penelitian Eksperimen Kuasi dilakukan di 4 Rukun Warga (RW) dari kelurahan yang berbeda di Kotamadya Malang pada September 2013-Februari 2014 yang memiliki Incidence Rate (per 10.000 penduduk) DBD tertinggi dalam empat bulan pertama 2013 yaitu 11,89 untuk Jatimulyo; 10,52 untuk Merjosari; 31,57 untuk Sumbersari; dan 25,21 untuk Bandulan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa angka kepadatan larva (HI, BI, CI, dan DI) dua RW perlakuan lebih rendah secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dua RW kontrol dengan Uji Mann Whitney. Kepadatan larva dan rata-rata jumlah telur dari ovitrap sesudah aplikasi ovitrap lebih rendah dibandingkan sebelumnya. Sebagian besar telur yang terperangkap merupakan telur Aedes aegypti. Disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ovitrap di 4 RW dari kelurahan di Malang efektif untuk menurunkan kepadatan larva dan dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu cara pengendalian nyamuk Ae. aegypti.Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti, angka kepadatan jentik, ovitrap, jumlah telur
Road Side Vending, Growth of the Informal Sector and Learning Needs of Vendorsin Gaborone City of Botswana
Authors: Biao Idowu
Published: January 2017

This study examined the phenomenon known as road side vending within the spatial arena of Gaborone city of Botswana. In clarifying the concepts employed in the study, a difference was made among the terminologies “street vendors” (mobile vendors moving all over within and about the streets), “hawkers” (mobile vendors moving both within and beyond the streets), and “road side vendors” (immobile vendors using road sidewalks and road/street corners for economic activities). The study employed a 15-item inventoryon the one hand, to elicit the factors that accounted for the recent phenomenal surge in road side vending in Gaborone and on the other hand, to highlight the expectations of the actors of this sector of the economy. The findings revealed that between 2012 and 2014, road side vending grew by 50% in Gaborone and 74% of Gaborone road side vendors were aged between 38-54 years, suggesting that this market is currently run by mature adults. The findings equally revealed that the growth of road side vending in Gaborone coincided with an era when unemployment began to be discussed within government circles, the press and in the streets of Botswana. This finding is supported by the literature which states that in general, the informal sector of the economy of less developed countries tend to grow under the impulse of unemployment and increasing poverty rate. The study ended with one major recommendation that called on the Gaborone City Council to use the instrumentality of learning to bring about the change it desires for Gaborone without excluding road side vendors from its Gaborone developmental blueprint.
A New Perspective on Relationship between Corporate Governance and Auditing
Authors: Kurihama Ryuuichiro
Published: January 2017

This paper clarifies a new perspective on relationship between corporate governance and independent auditing, and reexamines the contribution
of independent auditing to corporate governance through the discussion of
the relationship between corporations and society as recently brought up
concerning Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Because we nowadays
can no longer accept uncritically the conventional perspective on relationship between corporate governance and independent auditing under today‟s corporate governance. We need to reconsider the view of how how corporations and auditing should be toward rebuilding public trust, and to understand the importance of auditing in today‟s corporate governance.
Supply Chain Information in Environmental Management Accounting – the case of a Vietnamese Coffee Exporter
Authors: Viere Tobias , Schaltegger Stefan , Enden Jan Von
Published: January 2017

This case study discusses Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) which are illustrated with the case example of Neumann Gruppe Vietnam Ltd., a medium-sized coffee refining and exporting enterprise in Southern Vietnam. It examines the relevance of environment-related supply chain information for corporate environmental and financial decision making and reveals possibilities for improving eco-efficiency at the site level and for its supply
chain.
On The Effectiveness of Social and Environmental Accounting
Authors: Orlitzky Marc , Whelan Glen
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the broad outline of an instrumental theory of social and environmental accounting (SEA) at two levels of analysis: organizational and societal.  We argue that, given the impact of signaling and transaction costs as well as various other costs and benefits of SEA, the level of SEA should be set so that marginal costs of SEA equal marginal benefits (at the firm level) or marginal costs of SEA to society equal marginal benefits to society (in line with the tenets of social efficiency).  In this context, we summarize the overall empirical evidence regarding the financial benefits of social and environmental disclosures for the reporting organization. Moreover, because all organizational decision making is embedded in political governance systems, we also highlight the importance of these systems for SEA and conclude with three suggestions for future research.
The Case For Reporting Pro-Active Environmental Initiatives: A Malaysian Experiment On Stakeholder Influence Strategies
Authors: Elijido-Ten Evangeline
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this research is to gain insights on the preferred strategies chosen by various stakeholder representatives to influence management to either provide/not provide environmental disclosures in an experimental setting. A typology of resource relationships and influence strategies is adapted as a framework to make sense of the views presented by various
stakeholder representative groups. To facilitate a Malaysian experiment, qualitative interviews with the aid of a hypothetical vignette are conducted to understand how different stakeholder groups go about seeking what they want from the management. The findings in this exploratory study indicate that although the model is useful to understand the influence strategies taken by each stakeholder group, its effectiveness is tempered by the level of significance placed by these groups on the environmental initiative and their perception of how the event will affect their stake on the firm.
Research Note Sustainable Management: An Accounting Issue?
Authors: Svensson Göran
Published: January 2017

There is an ongoing debate in the worldwide scholarly society regarding the causes of noted climate change on the planet Earth. It is a concern also frequently debated in the non-scholarly societies. Principally, it is about whether or not the causes of noted climate change are the result of natural
or human-related factors. The objective of this research note is to raise the
question whether sustainable management is an accounting issue. It intends to pinpoint the need to visualize sustainable aspects of management approaches.
Further Thoughts on Mega-Accounting and the Need for Standards
Authors: Mathews M. R.
Published: January 2017

This paper continues previous research (Mathews 1984, 1997b, 2000a, 2000b, 2003) into developing a proposal for a system of comprehensive
reporting based on a concept called megaaccounting. The ideas in mega- accounting are similar to those behind GRI (2002) and triple bottom line (TBL) reporting (Elkington 1997), but with a different underlying  philosophy, a social contract approach compared to one based on organisational legitimacy or the need for management to drive sustainability and sustainable capitalism which is sometimes called ‗the
business case‘. The paper attempts to develop the concept of mega- accounting by identifying the purpose underlying the reports, identifying the basis of a conceptual framework and providing an indication
of the content that social and environmental accounting reports may include in the future. Of necessity the research perspective is normative
and deductive, as is much of the process of developing accounting standards, the model upon which it is argued social and environmental
accounting should be based. The paper concludes by reiterating that the way forward for social and environmental accounting and reporting is for a conceptual framework to be agreed and standards developed via a normative-pragmatic process that will provide the basis for comprehensive, audited, corporate reports encompassing the social, environmental and economic dimension.  Furthermore, additional work is needed on the areas of macro-social accounting and externalities in order to develop a comprehensive framework.
The Determinants of the Relationship of Corporate Social Performance and Financial Performance: Conceptual Framework
Authors: Fauzi Hasan
Published: January 2017

The objective of this paper is to investigate relationship between CSP and CFP using contingency perspective derived from the strategic management domain.  The investigation will be done using lens of slack resource and good management theory.  This study is expected to provide a new insight on the link between corporate social performance and corporate financial performance using contingency perspective as suggested in the strategic management and accounting literature, an area has not been examined
in the prior studies. The result of this study can resolve the existing conflict
in the literatures by developing an integrated model of the link between
CSP and CFP and the notion of corporate performance which, in strategic management, is highly affected by four factors: business environment, strategy, organization structure, and control system. The model will explain
in what condition the relationship of CSP and CFP is valid.
An Urgent Need for Ethics Education for Accountants
Authors: Kannaiah Desti , Kumar N. S.
Published: January 2017

Social, political and technological changes have challenged traditional idea of professional practice by accountants. Accounting is both an essential practice and a vital profession in the economically developed world of today (Ronald F.Duska and Brenda Shay Duska,2003). Today, professional accountants cannot exist by technical knowledge alone; they have to posses and apply that within a framework of professional values, ethics and attitudes.(Peter Williams, 2007).  Ethics, values and principles serve as benchmarks of the accounting profession. They determine what is right and wrong, appropriate and inappropriate, on a universal basis every time. (Joe Lienandt, 2003). Enron‟s bankruptcy case, in which their auditors and consultants from the accounting firm Arthur Anderson, came under criticism for not apparently carrying out their responsibilities as accountants. The  Enron/Arthur Anderson‟s case has raised the ethical question, „what is the appropriate behaviour for accountants?‟ and „what are the accountants
supposed to do?‟ This paper attempts to address the following issues: How to teach ethics to those entering the profession; How to ensure that the ethical standards and behaviour of experienced accountants are as fresh and relevant as technical knowledge.
Sustainability Disclosure among Malaysian Shari‟ah-Compliant listed Companies: Web Reporting
Authors: Mohammed Rapiah , Alwi Kasumalinda , Jamil Che Zuriana Muhammad
Published: January 2017

This paper advances previous research of sustainability disclosure by focusing on information disclosed in the companies‟ web site rather than through annual reports.  Despite looking at the listed companies in general, this study attempts to consider the practice of disclosing sustainability information in the Malaysian Shari‟ah-Compliant listed companies, which represented 87% of the total listed securities or 64.3% of the market capitalization on Bursa Malaysia web site. This study used Islamicity Disclosure Index consists of Shari‟ah Compliance Indicator,
Corporate Governance Index and Social/Environmental Index, and the data is analysed using a content analysis. The results of the study suggest that the sustainability disclosure by Malaysian Shari‟ah-compliant listed companies fall significantly on corporate governance index themes, followed by social/environmental index themes. However, Malaysian  Shari‟ah-compliant listed companies did not clearly disclose the items under Shari‟ah compliance index. Contrary to our expectation, most of the companies disclose the items measured in the annual reports linked to
the companies‟ web site and are thus not fully in the web site.
Corporate Social Performance of Indian FMCG Companies Introduction of CSR, framework and Karmayog CSR Ratings with three top Indian FMCG companies CSR initiatives
Authors: Khan Saeed
Published: January 2017

Effective Corporate Social Responsibilities or CSR initiatives shall be taken keeping all the stakeholder‘s issues in mind including the legal, ethical, commercial and other expectations society has for the business. CSR initiatives in India are now taken by many companies. Especially for the
FMCG companies, where the major challenge is reduction of packaging
materials, these companies are doing work in the field of Environment, Health care, Education, Community welfare, Women's empowerment and Girl Child care. Companies like Hindustan Unilever started work on CO2 reduction also. The websites of these companies are providing information about their CSR initiatives but are found not updated regularly. For checking their CSR performance, Karmayog Rating is taken. The rating gives good insight on CSR ratings of major FMCG companies of India. The method of calculating the rating also discussed. In appendices, India‘s top three major FMCGs companies overall CSR initiatives are discussed.
An Overview of Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting (CSER) in Developing Countries
Authors: Haider Mohammad Badrul
Published: January 2017

This article is intended to complement the literature reviews on corporate social and environmental reporting (CSER) with special focus on the
developing countries. It focuses on the factors influencing CSER and their theoretical interpretations. It is found that a wide variety of factors related with the socio-economic and political context in which the corporation exist influence the corporate decision to engage in CSER. While a number of overlapping theories can be used, it is recommended to use the political economy theory for its international implications. This article provides a foundation for future research and development in the area of CSER.
Corporate Social Reporting: A Preliminary Study of Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB)
Authors: Rahman Azhar Abdul , Asraf Mohd Farid , Bakar Fathiyyah Abu
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine the themes, locations, extent, and also trends of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of Bank
Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) from 1992 to 2005. A disclosure index (checklist) and the extent of such disclosures were measured using content analysis based on number of sentences. The findings of this study show that BIMB prefers to disclose themes associated with employees, product, and service contributions and community involvement. Among the most popular locations in disclosing such information are in the chairman’s statement, financial statements, and directors’ report. The results also reveal that the bank has improved in terms of volume and the manner of presenting or disclosing CSR from year to year. This study is the first of its kind to be conducted on a company in a specific industry in Malaysia using a longitudinal approach, and its empirical findings complement the findings of prior studies.