bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid system consisting of synchronous condenser and virtual synchronous generator for enhanced power quality in microgrid
Authors: Guo Renqi , Zhao Nan
Published: February 2025

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been widely researched and applied to converters for their grid‐forming capabilities. However, the intrinsic coupling between the active and reactive power outputs of VSGs negatively impacts the power quality delivered to the grid, particularly in microgrids. When VSG is compensating for the reactive power imbalances, the active power output will concurrently change, leading to a variation of frequency. Although existing literature proposes various improvements to decouple these power outputs, complete decoupling cannot be achieved solely by VSGs. This letter analyses the coupling mechanism and investigates a hybrid approach combining a VSG and a synchronous condenser (SC) to mitigate this effect, improving the power quality. Additionally, this study modifies the traditional reactive power control of VSGs to ensure voltage stability during transients. Test cases are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the system active and reactive power are effectively decoupled, and it maintains the frequency while regulating the grid voltage.
NewTalker: Exploring frequency domain for speech‐driven 3D facial animation with Mamba
Authors: Niu Weiran , Wang Zan , Li Yi , Lou Tangtang
Published: February 2025

In the current field of speech‐driven 3D facial animation, transformer‐based methods are limited in practical applications due to their high computational complexity. A new model—NewTalker—is proposed, which has core modules consisting of the residual bidirectional Mamba (RBM) and the time–frequency domain Kolmogorov–Arnold networks (TFK). The RBM module incorporates the philosophy of Mamba, enhancing the model's predictive ability for sequence data by utilizing both past and future contextual information, thereby reducing the computational complexity. The TFK module integrates the temporal and frequency domain information of audio data through Kolmogorov–Arnold networks, allowing the model to generate 3D facial animations smoothly while learning more detailed features. Extensive experiments and user studies have shown that the proposed NewTalker significantly surpasses current mainstream algorithms in terms of animation quality and inference speed, achieving the state‐of‐the‐art level in this domain.
An equivalent thermal model for dynamic analysis of integrated electricity and heat systems for renewable energy accommodation
Authors: Sun Qihan , Wang Rui
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of electric heating and combined heat and power generation for improving the level of renewable energy accommodation has necessitated integrated analysis of the electric power system and district heating networks. However, the thermal dynamic model is governed by partial differential equations related to time and space variables. Its complicated features make it hard to perform an efficient integrated analysis with renewable fluctuation. To address this issue, this paper propose an equivalent model for an accurate and concise integrated dynamic analysis. First, an analytical formulation is derived based on Laplace transform to explicitly describe the relation between the port temperature. The transform avoids the discretization in time domain, which accurately captures the thermal dynamics. On this basis, a space discretization strategy is introduced to further keep track of the dynamics. Meanwhile, the multiple cascaded space pipeline segments are aggregated to form an equivalent model for a concise analysis. Furthermore, to reduce the model complexity and computational burden of the high‐order Laplacian “s” in the equivalent process, a reduction strategy is developed by preserving the low‐frequency thermal dynamic feature. Then, the analytical expression of state fluctuation can be conveniently derived to analyse the embedded impact and interaction between EPS and DHN. Finally, case studies are conducted to prove the effectiveness of proposed model.
Spins and shapes of 11 near-Earth asteroids observed within the NEOROCKS project
Authors: Fatka P. , Pravec P. , Scheirich P. , Kušnirák P. , Hornoch K. , Kučáková H. , Ergashev K.E. , Souza de Joode M. , Burkhonov O.A. , Ehgamberdiev S.A. , Galád A. , Vil'agi J. , Reddy V. , Dyvig R. , Ries J.G. , Snodgrass C. , Donaldson A. , Peixinho N. , Rahvar S. , Khalouei E. , Sajadian S.
Published: February 2025

The discovery rate of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) has steadily increased over the past three decades, yet the physical characterization of these objects has not kept pace. In an effort to help address this gap, we combined targeted photometric observations, archival data, and sparse photometric data from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) survey to extract as much information as possible about NEAs' rotation rates, spin-axis orientations, and shapes. We selected 17 NEAs with a potential for shape reconstruction and applied the light curve inversion method to derive their sidereal rotation periods, spin-axis directions, and convex shape models. We successfully determined unique spin and shape models for seven NEAs: (5189) 1990 UQ, (6569) Ondaatje, (7025) 1993 QA, (8566) 1996 EN, (86450) 2000 CK_33, the Hayabusa2# flyby target (98943) 2001 CC_21, and (512245) 2016 AU_8. For an additional four asteroids — (66251) 1999 GJ_2, (137199) 1999 KX_4, (276786) 2004 KD_1, and (495615) 2015 PQ_ — we constrained their sidereal periods, spin-axis orientations, and in some cases, their shapes. This study highlights the importance of integrating new photometric data with archival dense light curves and sparse observations to improve the physical characterization of NEAs, even when working with suboptimal datasets. We constructed 11 NEA models, contributing to the limited set of a few dozen models derived from space missions, radar observations, and light curve inversions.
Spectral properties of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1636--53, XTE J1739--285, and MAXI J1816--195
Authors: Fei Zhenyan , Lyu Ming , Zhang Guobao , Yang Xuejuan , García Federico
Published: February 2025

We investigated simultaneous NICER plus NuSTAR observations of the three neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1636--53, XTE J1739--285, and MAXI J1816--195 using the latest reflection models. The seed photons in our models that are fed into the corona originated from either the neutron star (NS) or the accretion disk. We found that for the sources in the hard spectral state, more than ∼ 50% of the NS photons enter the corona when the NS provides seed photons, while only ∼ 3%-5% of the disk photons enter the corona when the seed photons come from the disk. This finding, together with the derived small height of the corona, favors a lamp-post geometry or a boundary layer scenario in which the corona is close to the central NS. Additionally, we found that the source of the seed photons has a strong influence on the significance of the NS radiation, especially for the soft spectral state. This result may help us to explain why the NS radiation in MAXI J1816--195 was weak in previous work. More importantly, for the first time, we explored the properties of the corona in the NS systems with the compactness (l- diagram. We found that coronae in NS systems all lie on the left side of the pair-production forbidden region, away from the predicted pair-production lines. This finding indicates that either the corona in these NS systems is not pair dominated, possibly due to the additional cooling from NS photons, or the corona is composed of both thermal and nonthermal electrons.
Evolution of the disky second generation of stars in globular clusters on cosmological timescales
Authors: Berczik Peter , Panamarev Taras , Ishchenko Maryna , Kocsis Bence
Published: February 2025

Context. Many Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) host multiple stellar populations, challenging the traditional view that GCs are single-population systems. It has been suggested that second-generation stars could form in a disk from gas lost by first-generation stars or from external accreted gas. Understanding how these multiple stellar populations evolve under a time-varying Galactic tidal field is crucial for studying internal mixing, the rotational properties, and mass loss of GCs over cosmological timescales.

Aims. We investigated how the introduction of a second stellar generation affects mass loss’ internal mixing, and rotational properties of GCs in a time-varying Galactic tidal field and different orbital configurations.

Methods. We conducted direct N-body simulations of GCs on three types of orbits derived from the observed Milky Way GCs using state-of-the-art stellar evolution prescriptions. We evolved the clusters for 8 Gyr in the time-varying Galactic potential of the IllustrisTNG-100 cosmological simulation. After 2 Gyr, we introduced a second stellar generation, comprising 5% of the initial mass of the first generation, as a flattened disk of stars. For comparison, we ran control simulations using a static Galactic potential and isolated clusters.

Results. We present here the mass loss, structural evolution, and kinematic properties of GCs with two stellar generations, focusing on tidal mass’ half-mass radii, velocity distributions, and angular momentum. We also examine the transition of the second generation from a flattened disk to a spherical shape.

Conclusions. Our results show that the mass loss of GCs depends primarily on their orbital parameters, with tighter orbits leading to higher mass loss. The growth of the Galaxy led to tighter orbits’ implying that the GCs lost much less mass than if the Galaxy had always had its current mass. The initially flattened second-generation disk became nearly spherical within one relaxation time. However, whether its distinct rotational signature was retained depends on the orbit: for the long radial orbit, it vanished quickly; for the tube orbit' it lasted several billion years for the circular orbit' rotation persisted until the present day.
The IACOB project XIV. New clues on the location of the TAMS in the massive star domain
Authors: de Burgos A. , Simón-Díaz S. , Urbaneja M.A. , Holgado G. , Ekström S. , Ramírez-Tannus M.C. , Zari E.
Published: February 2025

Massive stars play a very important role in many astrophysical fields. Despite their scarcity with respect to less-massive counterparts, their influence on the chemo-dynamical evolution of the galaxies is substantial. Yet, some fundamental aspects of their evolution remain poorly constrained. In this regard, there is an open debate on the width of the main-sequence (MS) phase, in which stars spend most of their lifetimes. We aim to create an updated Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram that includes a volume-limited and statistically significant sample of massive stars with luminosities L L_ ⊙ $ and effective temperatures Our goal is to use this sample to investigate the extension and end of the MS while also incorporating information about projected rotational velocities ( and spectroscopic binarity status. We combined spectroscopic parameters derived with the FASTWIND stellar atmosphere code and Gaia distances to obtain estimates of stellar parameters for a sample of 876 Galactic luminous O- and B-type stars gathered within the IACOB project. We used the ALS III catalog of Galactic OB stars to select the best-suited volume-limited sample for our study. We chose the iacob-broad tool to derive estimates and reviewed multi-epoch spectra to identify single- and double-line spectroscopic binaries (SB1, SB2). We present an HR diagram for a sample of 670 stars located within 2500,pc that has the best balance between completeness and number. We evaluated the extension of the MS in terms of the drop in the relative number of stars as a function of the effective temperature for different luminosity ranges. We found a consistent cool boundary at ≈22.5,kK within the full range of luminosities that we used to delineate the terminal-age main sequence (TAMS). We obtained a smooth decrease of the highest observed with along the MS band, which is likely limited by the critical velocity. We consider this effect combined with a lower expected fraction of stars beyond the MS as the best explanation for the lack of fast-rotating objects in the post-MS region. Our results favor low to mild initial rotation (v_ ini for the full sample along with a binary past for the well-known tail of fast-rotating stars in the distribution. The prominence of SB1 and SB2 systems within the MS band and the 25% decrease in the relative fraction of SB1 systems when crossing the TAMS can further delineate its location.
Simulation study on noise reduction of electric vehicle tire with built-in sound-absorbing material
Authors: Shi Tuo , Zhou Pan , Feng Yuxin , Lv Tian , Li Yaowei , Zang Liguo
Published: February 2025

Tire cavity noise is becoming more prominent as the speed of electric vehicles is getting higher. This study aims to use a built-in sound-absorbing material to reduce tire cavity noise. First, the radial force was extracted by rolling analysis, and the tire cavity noise was obtained. Then, in order to investigate how the placement of sound-absorbing material affects the noise reduction, sound-absorbing material was applied to the inner side of tire’s side and tread position respectively. Finally, studies were done on the impact of sound-absorbing material’s density, flow resistance, porosity, and thickness on tire noise reduction. The best way to reduce noise with a 215/55R17 tire was to apply sound-absorbing material at side position. The density, porosity, flow resistance and thickness of the sound-absorbing material were 55 kg/m3, 0.95, 5000 Pa·s/m2 and 40 mm, respectively. The A-weighted sound pressure level decreased by 27.7 dB compared with that before the built-in sound-absorbing material. In response to the uncertainties on the reduction achieved by the sound-absorbing material, this study offers some recommendations for noise reduction of tire cavity. The studied effect is limited to the tire cavity, and the effect on the emitted sound energy has not been evaluated.
Enhancing fault diagnosis in photovoltaic plants: managing the simultaneity of faulty bypass diodes, series resistance increases, and partial shading effects
Authors: Maugeri Giosue' , Arrigoni Simone , Lavelli Alessandro , Bombelli Davide , Guastella Salvatore , Rossetti Andrea , Restelli Marcello
Published: February 2025

Modern photovoltaic (PV) monitoring systems can collect high-quality data; however, existing analysis tools need to evolve not only to identify yield issues but also to discern the nature of faults and degradation factors contributing to yield loss. Current AI-based Operation & Maintenance (O&M) tools primarily focus on detecting single faults, with their accuracy in fault recognizing, significantly diminishing in the presence of multiple concurrent issues. Consequently, diagnostics become unreliable when faults occur alongside other component failures or overlap with environmental effects. The lack of appropriately labelled data for training and validating AI-based tools is a critical weakness that impedes the rapid development of reliable diagnostic solutions. This study introduces a methodology designed to enhance the capability of machine learning (ML) algorithms in identifying and classifying faults, particularly under conditions where multiple failures or environmental effects occur simultaneously. Leveraging the RSE Fault Test Facility, which can replicate a variety of failure modes in real PV systems, we were able to generate over 1.6 million fault-labelled records across more than four years of diverse failure conditions. This study focuses specifically on combined faults scenarios involving short-circuited diodes, increased series resistance and shading effects, with a total of 32,806 labelled records of combined faults. The findings of the study provide a methodology foundation for the development of advanced fault detection and diagnosis tools, aiming to improve their reliability and performance when dealing with the simultaneous occurrence of the aforementioned faults.
Low regularity error estimates of three pressure-robust discontinuous Galerkin methods for Stokes equations
Authors: Zeng Yuping , Zhang Shangyou
Published: February 2025

We establish improved a priori error estimates for three pressure-robust discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximationsof the Stokes equations, assuming only minimal regularity on the exact solution. The three DG methods are the standard interior penalty DG (IPDG),the weakly over-penalized IPDG, and the conforming DG schemes. These methods are incorporated witha ${\boldsymbol{H}}(\mathrm{div})$-conforming reconstruction operator to recover pressure-robustness.Both error estimates for the velocity in discrete energy norm andfor the pressure in $L^2$ norm are provided upto the optimal orders. The key technique relies on a trimming operator thatmaps the discrete divergence free test function onto the exact divergencefree $\boldsymbol{H}^1$-conforming finite element space.Finally, numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical findings.
Flamanville : des premiers électrons à la pleine puissance
Authors: Dupin Ludovic
Published: February 2025

Raccordé au réseau électrique national le 20 décembre 2024, l’EPR de Flamanville est la première entrée en service d’un nouveau réacteur depuis vingt-cinq ans. Pas moins de soixante mille critères de sûreté seront examinés au cours de son premier cycle d’exploitation devant le conduire de la mise en service graduelle à l’atteinte de la pleine puissance.
Maintenance de l’EPR : du sur-mesure !
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: February 2025

Objet destiné à demeurer unique au sein du parc nucléaire français, l’EPR de Flamanville réclame en conséquence une attention particulière pour assurer sa maintenance et garder les compétences qui lui sont nécessaires sur le long terme.
1979, Three Mile Island : retour sur un accident multidimensionnel
Authors: Dubois Olivier , Dumaz Patrick , de l’Espinois Bertrand
Published: February 2025

Premier accident nucléaire à résonance mondiale, la fonte partielle du cœur du réacteur n° 2 de la centrale américaine de Three Mile Island, en 1979, a démontré qu’un cumul de défaillances humaines et techniques pouvait conduire à un accident grave. Un événement qui a imposé un réexamen global des risques et de l’approche de sûreté des réacteurs.
The Effectiveness of Functional Septorhinoplasty in Improving COVID-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Scarpa Bruno , Andrews Peter J.
Published: February 2025

Long-Term COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction (C19OD) remains a significant challenge with no established treatment providing meaningful improvement. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of functional septorhinoplasty (fSRP) in improving olfactory dysfunction in patients with persistent C19OD compared to a control group undergoing olfactory training (OT). In this prospective study patients with persistent C19OD undergoing fSRP were enrolled while those declining surgery continued with OT as the control group. Patients were followed for six months with olfactory function assessed using Sniffin' Sticks (S'S) and nasal airflow evaluated through peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and acoustic rhinometry (AR). Among the participants 12 underwent fSRP while 13 were in the control group. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all S'S scores were observed in the fSRP group but not in the control group. TDI scores improved above the minimal clinically important difference only in the fSRP group. Strong correlations were found between olfactory scores and nasal measurements. Comparison of olfactory threshold gains between groups revealed a statistically significant benefit in the fSRP group. These findings suggest that fSRP can significantly improve persistent C19OD providing a notable olfactory threshold gain compared to OT.
The Yield of Amnioinfusion in the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Zloto Keren , Sivan Eyal , Yoeli-Ullman Rakefet , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Chauhan Suneet P , Fishel Bartal Michal
Published: February 2025

Objective: Though amnioinfusion decreases the rate of uterine atony, its effect on postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is uncertain. This study aimed to assess whether amnioinfusion reduces the risk of PPH in laboring individuals.
Study design: A retrospective study of all laboring singletons at a tertiary center between 01/2013 and 12/2022 at ≥ 34 weeks. Individuals with known major fetal anomalies, stillbirths, or missing delivery records were excluded. The primary outcome was PPH. Neonatal and secondary maternal outcomes were also explored.
Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable regression models.
Results: Out of 113,816 deliveries during the study period, 83,152 (77.1%) met inclusion criteria, and among them 4,597 (4.03%) had amnioinfusion. Laboring individuals with amnioinfusion were more commonly nulliparous, had more polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and fetal growth restriction. Furthermore, individuals with amnioinfusion had a higher rate of labor induction (54.54% vs. 27.8%; P<0.01) and a higher cesarean rate (36.9% vs. 9.5%; P<0.01). Following multivariable regression, there was no significant difference in the rate of PPH among individuals who had an amnioinfusion (2.6%) versus those who did not (3.1%; aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87, 1.27). The rates of endometritis (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.04-1.89) and postpartum fever (aOR 1.70; 95% CI 1.36-2.12), were higher in those who had amnioinfusion compared to those that did not.
Conclusion: Among laboring individuals ≥ 34 weeks, intrapartum amnioinfusion was not associated with a reduction in the rate of postpartum hemorrhage and was associated with a higher likelihood of infectious morbidity.
Keywords: amnioinfusion, postpartum hemorrhage, endometritis, postpartum fever.
Thermal Changes in Guidewires Used During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography During Electrical Conductance: An Ex-Vivo Safety Experiment
Authors: Karna Rahul , McDonald Nicholas Michael , Weiner Jacob , Netoff Théodon I. , Amateau Stuart K
Published: February 2025

The risks of pancreaticobiliary tissue damage secondary to electrical conduction along cannulation wires in the vicinity of electrocautery has rarely been independently studied and remains mostly a theoretical issue. We aimed to evaluate the heat generated by commercially available guidewires in the setting of currents used for sphincterotomy to assess their safety during endoscopic procedures. We tested heat generation from eleven common guidewires used in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using an electrosurgical generator in combination with thermocouple temperature probe in an ex vivo model.Thermal changes during electrical conductance were nominal except for minimally wrapped 0.018” wires where the maximum change in temperature were 4.9° C with ENDO CUT Q settings and 6.8° C with ENDO CUT I settings. Also, the Glidewire 0.018” and the Visiglide 0.025” produced visible sparks along their distal ends with defects in the insulation found later under microscopic evaluation. In our ex-vivo study, minimal heat was generated via electrical conductivity despite direct current suggesting negligible risk of thermal injury during sphincterotomy.
Evaluation of a Novel Water-Based Automated Endoscope Cleaning Process Compared to Conventional Manual Cleaning for Reducing Duodenoscope Contaminatio
Authors: van der Ploeg Koen , Severin Juliëtte A. , Vos Margreet C. , Erler Nicole S , Bulkmans Adriana J.C. , Bruno Marco , Mason-Slingerland Bibi C.G.C.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: Duodenoscope contamination remains a persistent problem, exposing patients to infection risks. Automation in reprocessing may limit human error, reduce the workload, and increase uniformity and traceability. However, its effectiveness should be evaluated before implementation. This study assessed the impact of implementing a novel water-based automated endoscope cleaning process on duodenoscope contamination.

Methods:
This before-and-after intervention study compared duodenoscope cleaning methods. From January 2022 to December 2023, conventional manual cleaning was used. From January 2024 to June 2024, the AquaTYPHOON system (AT) replaced manual cleaning. Cultures from Pentax ED34-i10T2 patient-ready duodenoscopes were collected. The main outcome was the contamination rate with microorganisms of gut or oral origin (MGO). Secondary outcomes included contamination with solely gut bacteria. Non-inferiority of the AT was tested using a generalized estimating equation with a non-inferiority margin of 5%.

Results:
During the manual cleaning period, 333 duodenoscope cultures of eight duodenoscopes were collected; during the AT period, 100 cultures were collected. Pre-introduction of the AT, the contamination rate with MGO was 21.6%, which reduced to 16% post-introduction (risk difference: -5.6%, upper bound 90%CI: 6.8%). For gut bacteria, the contamination rate decreased from 14.4% to 9% (risk difference: -5.4%, upper bound 90%CI: 3.9%), indicating non-inferiority.

Conclusions:
The AT reduced the contamination rate with MGO, but non-inferiority was not demonstrated. For gut bacteria, the AT was non-inferior to manual cleaning. These results are promising. However, future studies should confirm these findings in larger samples and explore the other advantages of using the AT in duodenoscope cleaning.
Galactomannan and vicilin from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) impair pathogen-host interaction of Campylobacter jejuni with intestinal cells via JlpA
Authors: Kemper Leon , Herrmann Fabian , König Simone , Falcone Franco F , Hensel Andreas
Published: February 2025

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of severe enteritis worldwide. Identification of natural products against C. jejuni, inhibiting early-stage host-pathogen interactions is a promising strategy, particularly by blocking bacterial adhesion to and invasion into the host cells. This should help to reduce bacterial load in the vector animals. From the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum an aqueous extract (FHM) of high-molecular compounds (polysaccharides, proteins) was obtained. The polysaccharide was characterized as galactomannan (1,4-mannose backbone, substituted at O-6 with single galactose residues and galactose oligosaccharide chains). The protein part consisted of 50 kDa vicilin as main compound. FHM did not influence proliferation of C. jejuni and viability of Caco-2 cells (1-1000 μg/mL). FHM reduced bacterial adhesion to Caco-2 significantly (500-1000 μg/mL), which was due to interaction with the bacterial adhesin JlpA, preventing the interaction of this outer membrane protein to its ligand HSP90α (IC50 23.4 µg/mL). Bacterial invasion was reduced significantly. Both, polysaccharides as well as vicilin contribute to the observed antiadhesive effect. As vicilin-like proteins are widely found in plants from Fabaceae family a vicilin-enriched protein preparation from Pisum sativum was investigated for antiadhesive activity. These findings suggest that fenugreek seeds or vicilin-rich plant extracts could be used to develop novel strategies to control C. jejuni infections in food-producing animals, ultimately helping to decrease the prevalence of campylobacteriosis in humans.
Procedimentos cirúrgicos estéticos em pacientes diagnosticados com transtorno dismórfico corporal
Authors: Stachechem Simone Kempf , Mazzaro Franco Ricieri , Lunardi Maria Elisa , Margraf Juliana Gomes , Bettes Julia Buquera , Bettes Paulo Sergio Loiacono
Published: February 2025

Introdução O transtorno dismórfico corporal (TDC), patologia psiquiátrica frequente em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia plástica, é caracterizado por dismorfias/defeitos que o paciente imagina sobre o seu corpo, mas que são irreais ou pouco percebidos pelas outras pessoas, e também por comportamentos repetitivos ou atos mentais em resposta a essas preocupações.

Objetivo Descrever a incidência de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia plástica e portadores do TDC, e analisar a aceitação pós-operatória e os fatores que alteram a satisfação dos resultados, quais os procedimentos plásticos mais procurados por estes pacientes, e a respectiva conduta dos cirurgiões frente a esses casos.

Materiais e Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO com os seguintes descritores em inglês: body dysmorphic disorder e plastic surgery.

Resultados Os resultados apontam que o TDC é a patologia de maior importância para os procedimentos estéticos da atualidade, além de contribuir para uma pior qualidade de vida; nos casos mais graves, também há o risco da ideação e da tentativa de suicídio.

Discussão Sendo o Brasil o país campeão na realização de procedimentos estéticos, seus profissionais devem estar preparados para reconhecer e tratar de forma precoce esses pacientes, utilizar terapêutica específica e abordagem multidisciplinar, e avaliar a gravidade de cada caso e a necessidade de cancelamentos cirúrgicos.

Conclusão A cautela torna-se em uma qualidade médica essencial, uma vez que não se trata de um problema estético, mas de um transtorno mental.
Aspergillus terreus Fungal Spondylodiscitis in a Healthy Patient Post-Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mulukutla Raghava D. , Yelamarthy Phani Krishna Karthik , Krishna Narayan Thiruvoipati Venkata , Kathare Ambadas , Yeldandi Vijay V.
Published: February 2025

We present a case of hospital-acquired Aspergillus terreus spondylodiscitis following lumbar spine surgery. The objective is to highlight the need for a high index of suspicion for rare fungal pathogens as causative organisms in postoperative spinal infections. A 39-year-old female underwent posterior decompression, stabilization, and interbody fusion at L4–5. Six weeks post-surgery she developed fever, back pain, and right leg pain. A diagnosis of postoperative spinal infection was made. On exploration and debridement of the wound, the fungal cultures grew positive for A. terreus. She was treated with voriconazole for 6 months. Following debridement and antifungal therapy, symptoms and inflammatory markers subsided over a period of time. There was no recurrence of infection till the last follow-up at three and half years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case report of an A. terreus spondylodiscitis following lumbar spine surgery. The possibility of fungal infection should be considered in elderly and immune-compromised patients. In our institution, all postoperative spinal infections, irrespective of age and comorbidities, are subjected to microbiological cultures including fungal cultures and sensitivities. Thorough debridement, involvement of infection control specialists, and use of long-term antifungal therapy help resolve these infections.
Ionic association and Wien effect in 2D confined electrolytes
Authors: Toquer Damien , Bocquet Lydéric , Robin Paul
Published: February 2025

Recent experimental advances in nanofluidics have allowed to explore ion transport across molecular-scale pores, in particular, for iontronic applications. Two-dimensional nanochannels—in which a single molecular layer of electrolyte is confined between solid walls—constitute a unique platform to investigate fluid and ion transport in extreme confinement, highlighting unconventional transport properties. In this work, we study ionic association in 2D nanochannels, and its consequences on non-linear ionic transport, using both molecular dynamics simulations and analytical theory. We show that under sufficient confinement, ions assemble into pairs or larger clusters in a process analogous to a Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, here modified by the dielectric confinement. We further show that the breaking of pairs results in an electric-field dependent conduction, a mechanism usually known as the second Wien effect. However the 2D nature of the system results in non-universal, temperature-dependent, scaling of the conductivity with electric field, leading to ionic coulomb blockade in some regimes. A 2D generalization of the Onsager theory fully accounts for the non-linear transport. These results suggest ways to exploit electrostatic interactions between ions to build new nanofluidic devices.
Isolating non-adiabatically enhanced ground state quantum beats through two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Sahu Amitav , Tiwari Vivek
Published: February 2025

Resonant vibrational–electronic (vibronic) couplings in donor–acceptor systems may play a crucial role in driving non-adiabatic internal conversion reported in natural photosynthesis, organic photovoltaic polymers, and singlet exciton fission. Quantum beats arising from impulsive excitation are often employed as spectroscopic reporters of the specific vibrational modes driving this process. However, distinguishing these promoter modes from spectator modes, which do not participate in vibronic mixing and simply accompany ultrafast internal conversion, remains a challenge. This is so because vibrational quantum beats arising from uncoupled monomers can modulate pump–probe transients by themselves. In this paper, we show that vibronic mixing induces quantum beats whose amplitude is anisotropic with respect to the polarization of the light. We propose a readily implementable polarization-controlled two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiment to uniquely identify signatures of excited state vibronic resonance using ground state quantum beats by discriminating against vibrational motions (and corresponding quantum beats) that are simply spectators. Through analytical expressions and simulation of two-dimensional electronic spectra, we show that the resulting 2D spectra are expected to exhibit distinct spectral lineshapes with a strong temperature dependence that arises solely due to the excited state vibronic mixing. Our findings suggest an interesting experiment to decipher the presence of excited state vibronic resonances.
Stiffness characteristic of HTS pinning maglev system with electromagnetic compensation device
Authors: Lv Chong , Deng Zigang , Ke ZhiHao , Li Haitao , Lu Yuxuan , Zhang Penghui , Ding Zhentao
Published: February 2025

The high-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning magnet levitation (maglev) train, with its unique self-stabilizing and levitation-guidance integration, holds great potential for high-speed transportation. The levitation stiffness between the train and permanent magnet guideway (PMG) is crucial for studying HTS maglev dynamics and vibration reduction design. However, the magnetic hysteresis characteristics of HTS bulk can alter levitation stiffness. During high-speed operation, the high-frequency magnetic field excitation from PMG induces eddy current losses in the HTS bulk, reducing levitation force and levitation stiffness, thereby compromising train safety and increasing vibrations. Therefore, this paper investigates the HTS maglev system with an electromagnetic compensation (EMC) device to compensate for this loss, measuring and analyzing its levitation stiffness. First, a quasi-static stiffness experiment was designed to analyze and summarize the variation of levitation stiffness under different current intensities. Second, based on the experimental results, a vertical motion model was proposed and validated using the Lyapunov method. Then, dynamic experiments were designed to analyze the dynamic response of the system at different frequencies. Finally, the model simulations were combined with dynamic experiments to analyze the phenomena and dynamic characteristics of levitation stiffness changes in the system. This paper shows that the EMC device can effectively enhance levitation stiffness and improve the stability of the system under high-frequency vibrations. The levitation stiffness characteristics proposed in this study can provide relevant references for subsequent stiffness optimization and shock absorber design.
Allosteric genetically encoded biosensor for spatiotemporal monitoring of endogenous RNA dynamics in living cells
Authors: Yuan Deyu , He Huan , Song William , Ma Duhan , Xie Mingfeng , Wang Yuchun , Wei Jinliang , He Qianyu , Bao Yongli , Zhao Yongyun
Published: February 2025

Functions of RNAs are associated with their abundance and unique subcellular localizations. RNA imaging methods for spatiotemporal monitoring of RNA dynamics would facilitate the discovery of unknown functions of RNA, yet improving RNA imaging is challenging because of limitations in methods for directly monitoring native RNA, especially the dynamics of RNA transport and concentration fluctuation. Herein, a label-free and conformation switching–based genetically encoded sensor, termed the Dual-locked RNAtracker (Ducker), that realizes spatiotemporal monitoring of endogenous RNA dynamics in living cells is developed. In this Ducker system, a distinctive strategy is developed by employing one RNA target to initiate an allosteric event that triggers the two locked fluorogenic RNA aptamer (M18 Pepper) to restore the active structure and transmit adequate fluorescence signals. The intracellular circular Ducker (circDucker) realizes high-contrast and unbiased imaging of native mRNA abundance and monitors the fluctuations in RNA concentration. Importantly, it also enables spatiotemporal dynamic tracking of RNA translocation by directly visualizing the process of the mitochondrial
lncCyt b
undergoing bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport, indicating the bidirectional regulatory events in mitochondria and nucleus. Therefore, this highly accessible sensor affords a universal and robust platform for spatiotemporal monitoring of RNA abundance and translocation in complicated dynamic reaction networks in live systems, including mRNA, lncRNA, and microRNA, expanding the current toolbox of RNA research and shedding light on the unknown functions of RNA.
Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol over defect-laden hexagonal boron nitride: insights into reaction mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Tao , Le Duy , Chagoya Katerina L , Nash David J , Blair Richard G , Rahman Talat S
Published: February 2025

We present a density functional theory-based mechanistic understanding of CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products on a nitrogen-vacancy (VN) defect in hexagonal boron nitride (dh-BN). Activation occurs through back-donation to the π* orbitals of CO2 from the frontier orbitals (defect state) of the h-BN sheet that are localized near a nitrogen-vacancy. Subsequent hydrogenation to methanol (CH3OH) and formic acid (HCOOH) proceed through vacancy-facilitated co-adsorption of hydrogen and CO2. More importantly, our reaction pathway analyses complimented by microkinetic modeling indicate that dh-BN is potentially a low-temperature, selective catalyst for CO2 reduction to methanol. Our findings are in agreement with experiments conducted in a mechanical reactor that show high selectivity towards methanol formation for CO2 hydrogenation on defect induced h-BN.
Compound physical pendulum measurements using a rotary optical encoder with Arduino
Authors: Carvalho Diego C , Nascimento Alexandro C S , Lima Gildário D , Sousa Jr Itamar V
Published: February 2025

The use of experimental activities in physics classes mediated by technological tools allows students to become central and active agents in the learning process, and that presents flexibility of use, low cost, and, at the same time, good precision of physical measurements of fundamental importance in the context of modern education. To contemplate these aspects, we propose a study of a physical pendulum composed of a metal bar and a cylinder that is free to move along the bar and modify the period of oscillation. The experimental apparatus was developed using appropriate supports made in a 3D printer so that the sensor could accurately collect the angular movement of the pendulums. Measurements of pendulu’s period with the change of cylinder position are carried out using a rotary optical encoder, a sensor that can be connected to the Arduino platform to measure the angular displacement. The experiment proposed paves the way for investigations of more advanced systems and improvements in data collection modes.
Work done by a torque
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: February 2025

It is well known that the work done by a torque, τ, during a small angular displacement

d
θ

is given by

τ
d
θ

. The same relation applies if a ball is rolling down an incline, even if the torque arises from a static friction force. However, it is usually assumed that the work done by a static friction force is zero.
Symmetry-invariant quantum machine learning force fields
Authors: Nha Minh Le Isabel , Kiss Oriel , Schuhmacher Julian , Tavernelli Ivano , Tacchino Francesco
Published: February 2025

Machine learning techniques are essential tools to compute efficient, yet accurate, force fields for atomistic simulations. This approach has recently been extended to incorporate quantum computational methods, making use of variational quantum learning models to predict potential energy surfaces and atomic forces from ab initio training data. However, the trainability and scalability of such models are still limited, due to both theoretical and practical barriers. Inspired by recent developments in geometric classical and quantum machine learning, here we design quantum neural networks that explicitly incorporate, as a data-inspired prior, an extensive set of physically relevant symmetries. We find that our invariant quantum learning models outperform their more generic counterparts on individual molecules of growing complexity. Furthermore, we study a water dimer as a minimal example of a system with multiple components, showcasing the versatility of our proposed approach and opening the way towards larger simulations. Finally, we perform a barren plateau analysis and numerically observe that our model does not exhibit a barren plateau in the shallow depth regime. Our results suggest that molecular force fields generation can significantly profit from leveraging the framework of geometric quantum machine learning, and that chemical systems represent, in fact, an interesting and rich playground for the development and application of advanced quantum machine learning tools.
Microwave-activated quantum state transfer and entanglement generation among five to seven qubits
Authors: Qi Zi-Han , Sun Zhi-Hang , Xu Peng
Published: February 2025

We propose a scheme for the rapid and high-fidelity transmission of quantum states and the generation of entanglement among at least five qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system, based on optimized microwave-driven pulses. By designing appropriate microwave pulses applied to the qubits, quantum state transfer among five or more qubits can be realized, enabling bidirectional transfer and control over the residence time of quantum states on any arbitrary qubit by adjusting the parameters of the driving pulses. Furthermore, by optimizing the microwave pulse parameters, the scheme facilitates the creation of entangled states involving five or more qubits in a time-efficient manner. Additionally, we evaluate the fidelity of the transferred quantum state and the generated entanglement, taking into account the effects of decoherence. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enables high-fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation with minimal photon leakage from the cavity and energy relaxation of the qubits.
Support-less 3D bioceramic/extracellular matrix printing in sanitizer-based hydrogel for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Utami Siwi Setya , Raja Naren , Kim Jueun , Sutejo Imam Akbar , Park Honghyun , Sung Aram , Gal Changwoo , Yun Hui-Suk , Choi Yeong-Jin
Published: February 2025

To meet the increasing demand for bone scaffolds, advancements in 3D printing have significantly impacted bone tissue engineering. However, the materials used must closely mimic the biological components and structural characteristics of natural bone tissue. Additionally, constructing complex, oblique structures presents considerable challenges. To address these issues, we explored 3D bioceramic printing using a sanitizer-based hydrogel. Collagen, a primary component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM), was combined with alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) to create the bioceramic ink. The sanitizer-based hydrogel was chosen as the gel bath due to its carbopol content, which provides hydrogel-like support, and ethanol, which coagulates collagen and maintains the integrity of the 3D-printed structure. The α-TCP/collagen bioceramic ink was printed within the sanitizer-based hydrogel, then collected, immersed in ethanol, and finally submerged in phosphate-buffer saline to initiate a self-setting reaction that converted α-TCP into calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite. The results demonstrated that complex ceramic/ECM structures could be successfully printed in the sanitizer bath, exhibiting excellent mechanical characteristics. Additionally, scaffolds printed in the sanitizer bath showed higher levels of cell growth and osteogenic activity compared to those produced with only α-TCP in an open-air environment. This bioceramic printing approach has a strong potential for constructing complex scaffolds with enhanced osteogenic potential for bone regeneration.
An Unlikely Model?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: February 2025

This chapter introduces the topic of the book and the core questions that drive it. The idea that becoming virtuous involves acquiring the likeness of another, or imitating a model or exemplar, is deeply at home in literature on character and moral education. The idea that God might constitute such a model seems far less so. Yet it has a long history in a range of religious and philosophical traditions. In ancient philosophy, it is associated strongly with Plato, but it also played a central role among many other philosophical schools. It also occupied an important place in the Islamic ethical tradition, which this book will explore taking Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī as its leading figure.
Praise as Good as an Insult: Can God Have the Virtues?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: February 2025

This chapter identifies a number of challenges posed by the idea of godlikeness—conceptual, normative, and practical—and focuses on the first. Is the idea that God forms a moral exemplar for human beings intelligible? The virtues seem necessary, and admirable, insofar as they help us manage limitations in our nature and in the circumstances of our life. How, then, can they be predicated of God? This problem was evoked early on by Aristotle and was taken up by other classical philosophers, including Plotinus. In the Islamic context, the problem is foregrounded by the basic term for “character (trait),” khuluq. One thinker who takes up the issue and tries to resolve it is al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī.
Licence to Feel: Admiration, Emulation, and Human Nature
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: February 2025

Al-Ghazālī’s account of patience and compassion brings out a normative challenge carried by the idea of God’s exemplarity. Yet on the one hand, this chapter argues, this challenge does not derive from the theological form of his project. Al-Ghazālī’s position reflects a broader view of the emotions that has other bases and that is shared by moral theories with philosophical form. On the other hand, a closer examination of al-Ghazālī’s account of compassion and mercy indicates that he does not recommend the human emulation of the aspects of God’s exemplarity at issue. Admiration needs to be re-educated; but admiration and emulation may come apart.
The Paradox of Majesty: Divine Virtues, Human Vices?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia
Published: February 2025

This chapter takes up another normative problem with the idea of God’s exemplarity that emerged within Sufi literature. Should the project of imitating God be taken to encompass all of his names, or are some names virtues in God but vices in human beings? At the heart of this debate were the so-called “names of majesty.” A number of thinkers took the restrictive or exclusive view: not all divine names are legitimate objects of human imitation. The divine name mutakabbir, which indicates God’s sense of his greatness or superiority, makes the problem clear. For humans, the virtuous trait is not pride but humility.