bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALCTS Annual Report to ALA Council
Authors: Medeiros Norm
Published: October 2016

The Association for Library Collections and Technical Services (ALCTS), a division of the American Library Association, is the premier organization for professionals in acquisitions, collection management, cataloging and metadata, continuing resources, and preservation. Comprising more than three thousand members from throughout the United States and more than forty countries, ALCTS leads the development of principles, standards, and best practices for creating, collecting, organizing, delivering, and preserving information resources in all formats.
Breaking Ground: Consortial Migration to a Next-Generation ILS and Its Impact on Acquisitions Workflows
Authors: Stewart Morag , Morrison Cheryl Aine
Published: October 2016

From June 2013 to January 2015 the Orbis Cascade Alliance (OCA), a consortium of thirty-seven public and private academic institutions, migrated to a new shared Integrated Library System (ILS), Ex Libris’ Alma, with Primo as the discovery component. The consortium wanted to cultivate an environment that would better support collaboration and sharing, particularly in the realms of collection development and technical services. This paper examines the immediate impact of the migration on acquisitions workflows, mainly of the largest consortium member, and the short-term and long-term goals following the completed migration. Lessons learned and suggestions for managing a consortial migration are offered, plus a discussion of what it is like to work in the cloud.
Book Review: Rethinking Technical Services: New Frameworks, New Skill Sets, New Tools, New Roles
Authors: Oliver Catherine
Published: October 2016

This book, the sixth volume in a series on the twenty-first century academic library, joins other books on the present and future of technical services, including Rethinking Library Technical Services (2015) and the much older Technical Services: Today and Tomorrow (1998); it presents a mixture of theory and praxis and includes surveys of the state of the profession, case studies, and think pieces. Unlike the other two volumes mentioned, it does not have chapters specifically devoted to acquisitions or to electronic resources management; metadata creation is the only division discussed in detail. However, it does include two sections aimed at technical services managers, a demographic not often treated separately.
Book Review: Project Management for Information Professionals
Authors: Rowell Chelcie Juliet
Published: October 2016

In a rapidly changing information environment, where resources are also scarce, increasingly memory institutions meet strategic goals by means of project-based work. Project Management for Information Professionals reaches out to accidental project managers working in libraries, archives, or museums (LAMs)—people who are asked to lead projects without formal project management training due to their competence, experience, and ability to win others over to their cause. For those tasked with leading critical projects, such as installation of compact shelving or a large-scale collaborative digitization effort, Note distills project management techniques more common in the for-profit industry but just as relevant in a cultural heritage context into a pithy handbook accessible to information professionals.
Ken Loach
Authors: Hill John
Published: October 2016

John Hill’s definitive study looks at the career and work of British director Ken Loach. From his early television work (Cathy Come Home) through to landmark films (Kes) and examinations of British society (Looking For Eric) this landmark study reveals Loach as one of the great European directors.
DasR positively controls monensin production at two-level regulation in Streptomyces cinnamonensis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lin Chun-Yan , Li Xiao-Mei , Tang Zheng-Kun , Qiao Jianjun , Zhao Guang-Rong
Published: October 2016

The polyether ionophore antibiotic monensin is produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis and is used as a coccidiostat for chickens and growth-promoting agent for cattle. Monensin biosynthetic gene cluster has been cloned and partially characterized. The GntR-family transcription factor DasR regulates antibiotic production and morphological development in Streptomyces coelicolor and Saccharopolyspora erythraea. In this study, we identified and characterized the two-level regulatory cascade of DasR to monensin production in S. cinnamonensis. Forward and reverse genetics by overexpression and antisense RNA silence of dasR revealed that DasR positively controls monensin production under nutrient-rich condition. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that DasR protein specifically binds to the promoter regions of both pathway-specific regulatory gene monRII and biosynthetic genes monAIX, monE and monT. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR further confirmed that DasR upregulates the transcriptional levels of these genes during monensin fermentation. Subsequently, co-overexpressed dasR with pathway-specific regulatory genes monRI, monRII or monH greatly improved monensin production.
Genetic Counselor Workforce Issues: a Survey of Genetic Counselors Licensed in the State of Indiana
Authors: Cohen Stephanie A. , Tucker Megan E. , Delk Paula
Published: October 2016

The aims of this study were to document movement of genetic counselors (GCs) out of clinical positions and identify factors that might help employers attract and retain clinical GCs. A confidential on‐line survey of GCs ever licensed in the state of Indiana was conducted. Of the 46 respondents, most provide direct patient care (69.6 %), have worked in their current position for 5 years or less (72.1 %), and are experienced genetic counselors, having graduated between 6 and 15 years ago (43.5 %). One‐third (32.6 %) reported thinking about leaving their current position at least monthly. GCs were more likely to think about leaving their current position when they provided direct patient care (p = 0.04) and worked in a hospital/clinic setting (p = 0.01). Among the 18 respondents that changed jobs in the past two years, 55.6 % currently work in a laboratory/industry setting and 44.4 % provide direct patient care, compared to 8 % of those in a stable position (N = 25) who work in a laboratory/industry setting (p < 0.01) and 88 % who provide direct patient care (p < 0.01). Genetic counselors who have changed jobs within the past 2 years were more satisfied with the possibility for advancement (p = 0.01), the recognition for work they do (p = 0.03) and feeling value from the organization (p = 0.04) in their current positions than those who have not changed jobs. Salary and flexibility were most often reported as reasons for changing jobs. This is the first documentation of the movement of GCs out of clinical roles into industry positions. This changing landscape may impact the access to clinical services and the training of genetic counseling students. This data will provide employers with data to help attract and retain GCs in clinical roles.
How inferred contagion biases dispositional judgments of others
Authors: Hingston Sean T. , McManus Justin F. , Noseworthy Theodore J.
Published: October 2016

Drawing on recent evidence suggesting that beliefs about contagion underlie the market for celebrity‐contaminated objects, the current work investigates how people can make biased dispositional judgments about consumers who own such objects. Results from four experiments indicate that when a consumer comes in contact with a celebrity‐contaminated object and behaves in a manner that is inconsistent with the traits associated with that celebrity, people tend to make more extreme judgments of them. For instance, if the celebrity excels at a particular task, but the target who has come into contact with the celebrity‐contaminated object performs poorly, people reflect more harshly on the target. This occurs because observers implicitly expect that a consumer will behave in a way that is consistent with the traits associated with the source of contamination. Consistent with the law of contagion, these expectations only emerge when contact occurs. Our findings suggest that owning celebrity‐contaminated objects signals information about how one might behave in the future, which consequently has social implications for consumers who own such objects.
Regime transition, value conflicts and the left-right divide at the mass level: The Baltic States and Southern Europe compared
Authors: Freire André , Kivistik Kats
Published: October 2016

By comparing the Baltic States with Greece, Portugal and Spain, we seek to discover whether the type of authoritarian legacy and regime transition has any effect on the way citizens think about the left-right (L-R) divide in new democracies. We argue that while the authoritarian legacy is important, the type of transition and, particularly, the kind of political alliances and party-politicization of issues during the new regime's formative years is more important. Evidence confirms our expectations, even after several cross-validating tests.
Modificación simplificada de la técnica de Zancolli para la corrección de la garra cubital
Authors: González R. , Hernández D. , Castro E. , Egüez G.
Published: October 2016

Objetivos: Estudiar los resultados obtenidos con la técnica de Chevallard, versión simplificada de la técnica de Zancolli, para corregir la deformidad de la mano en garra secundaria a una parálisis cubital.

Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo (enero 2006-diciembre 2013) de 16 pacientes (16 manos) que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por deformidad en garra de la mano secundaria a parálisis del nervio cubital. Siguiendo los criterios de Brand, los pacientes fueron evaluados a las 6 semanas, 3 meses, 6 meses y al año.

Resultados: Los resultados al año de la intervención fueron: excelentes en el 18,75% (3 pacientes); buenos en el 75% (12 pacientes) y malos en el 6,25% (un paciente). Este último requirió una nueva intervención para solucionar la recidiva de la garra.

Conclusión: La técnica simplificada de Zancolli, o técnica de Chevallard, permite corregir fácilmente la deformidad de la mano en garra secundaria a una parálisis cubital, no hipotecando una ulterior intervención en el caso de recidiva.
Broadening the Lens of Stereotype and Bias: Perspectives From Charm City
Authors: Farley Sally D. , Thompson Rebecca J.
Published: October 2016

In the focal article, Ruggs et al. (2016) outline the ways in which psychological theory and research can provide insight into the potential underlying processes behind recent conflict between law enforcement officials and the community. These incidents have led to national questions regarding the training and standard operating procedure of police, as well as society's beliefs about the prevalence of stereotyping. The authors identify how psychological research, and social psychological and industrial–organizational research in particular, can play a role in shaping these issues for organizational practices moving forward.
A Plea for Bystander Intervention
Authors: Avery Derek R.
Published: October 2016

I would be remiss if I did not begin by admitting my sheer delight to see organizational scientists (e.g., Hall, Hall, & Perry, 2016; Ruggs et al., 2016) taking a greater interest in broader societal social issues like these. In 2007, when I was the chair of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology's (SIOP's) Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs (CEMA), I devoted part of a column in The Industrial–Organizational Psychologist to discussing what I perceived to be a law enforcement racial injustice perpetrated against several adolescents in Louisiana known as the “Jena Six” (Avery, 2007). The issue at hand in that case was the impact of race after an arrest was made. The media reports of the case at that time compelled many to believe that its handling by law enforcement and the criminal justice system had been influenced adversely by the racial composition of the White plaintiff and Black defendants. Like Ruggs et al., I felt then and continue to believe that we, as industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists, could be doing more to redress societal injustice. I also commend them on the multifaceted nature of their discussion and appreciate that they highlighted a number of ways in which our existing knowledge base is, and future research products could be, pertinent to what's happening all too often between police and the minority communities they are intended to serve and protect.
The Criticality of a Community Perspective
Authors: Hardin Rebecca S.
Published: October 2016

To enhance interactions between police officers and citizens, industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists will have to utilize a systems thinking approach to understand the multifaceted challenges facing Baltimore and other cities across the nation and develop holistic solutions that include the whole community. Ruggs et al. (2016) overlooked the systems view of Baltimore's challenges by focusing solely on isolated incidents of racial bias and proposing solutions predominantly inside the police station. To develop a comprehensive solution that has the potential to truly extinguish Baltimore's flames, we must also account for the interplay of police bias where it exists in the community; otherwise, we risk simply fanning the flames and escalating the challenges further with linear solutions.
An Exercise in Fire Safety: Readying Ourselves for the Unintended Consequences of Traditional I-O Approaches to Diversity Management
Authors: Hall Alison V.
Published: October 2016

This commentary elaborates on the position taken in the focal article, “Baltimore Is Burning” (Ruggs et al., 2016), that partnerships between industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists and law enforcement agencies could offer valuable insight and practical tools that help to alleviate long-standing and ongoing conflict between police officers and communities of color. I fully support this stance as well as many of the recommendations proposed within the focal article. I-O psychologists indeed have knowledge and resources that could prove useful for supporting police reform efforts. However, although I-O psychologists have much to contribute to the conversation, a recent review by Hall, Hall, and Perry (2016) draws attention to several ways in which law enforcement as a context and police officers as a population are distinct from many of the workplace environments and civilian employee populations that have informed current I-O knowledge and best practices. As such, our traditional methods may be wrought with unique challenges when implemented in law enforcement contexts. If we fail to give serious consideration to this, the role of I-O psychologists in preventing future fires in Baltimore and throughout the United States may be accompanied by unintended consequences. As I-O psychologists prepare to help law enforcement extinguish the flames between police and communities of color, we must anticipate and prepare to safely combat these dangers so we do not add fuel to the fire or get burned in the process of rendering aid.
Theoretical Applications of the MODE Model to Law Enforcement Training and Interventions
Authors: Zabel Keith L. , Zabel Kevin L. , Olson Michael A. , Carlson Jessica H.
Published: October 2016

As discussed in the focal article, numerous research studies have supported the existence of automatic or implicit racial bias (Ruggs et al., 2016). In this commentary, we argue that examining implicit bias through the perspective of the motivation and opportunity as determinants (MODE) model (see Fazio & Olson, 2014, for a review) offers a framework for industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists to design and implement strategies that reduce the number of violent interactions between police and communities. The MODE model has been applied to areas such as interpersonal relationships (McNulty, Olson, Meltzer, & Shaffer, 2013), effective treatment of mental disorders (Vasey, Harbaugh, Buffington, Jones, & Fazio, 2012), and crafting of media messages (Ewoldsen, Rhodes, & Fazio, 2015), as well as racial prejudice (Olson & Fazio, 2004). Below, we elaborate on how the I-O-related strategies and interventions described in the focal article can be captured by the components of the MODE model and highlight which interventions may be most efficacious in reducing discriminatory police officer behavior.
From the Editor
Authors: Scott John C.
Published: October 2016

The goal of focal articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice is to present new ideas or different takes on existing ideas and stimulate a conversation in the form of comment articles that extend the arguments in the focal article or that present new ideas stimulated by those articles. The two focal articles in this issue stimulated a wide range of reactions and a good deal of constructive input.
In Defense of Practical Theory
Authors: Adler Seymour , Boyce Anthony S.
Published: October 2016

Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, and Hogan (2016) end their focal article with a quote worth remembering from Immanuel Kant: “Theory without data is groundless, but data without theory is just uninterpretable.” We begin with a quote even better known to industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists in part because it has served for over 65 years as a foundational principle of our field: “There is nothing as practical as a good theory” (Lewin, 1951, p. 169).
Reducing the Noise From Scraping Social Media Content: Some Evidence-Based Recommendations
Authors: Lievens Filip , Van Iddekinge Chad H.
Published: October 2016

Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, and Hogan (2016) describe a variety of new selection approaches (e.g., “scraping” of social media information, gamified assessments) in the staffing domain that might provide new sources of information about people. The authors also mention advantages and downsides of these potentially “new talent signals.”
Don't Forget To Properly Use Your Signal: Driving Down New Roads to Selection Decisions
Authors: Horn Ryan G. , Kaminsky Samuel E. , Behrend Tara S.
Published: October 2016

Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, and Hogan (2016) note that new talent signals recently adopted by organizations are related to older selection and assessment methods. Drawing this connection between old and new technologies is helpful; however, viewing new technology as either shiny new objects or a brave new world creates a false dichotomy. Recent technology-enhanced human resources (HR) processes like the widespread use of gamified practices and video-recorded interviewing are not just fads or the beginning of a transformation in HR but rather natural evolutions of methods that differ across specific dimensions that can be identified and measured. It is important to view these recent advances as extensions of the existing methods. That is, we need to focus onhowthese new methods are different and not onthatthey are different.
Correcting Misconceptions About Gamification of Assessment: More Than SJTs and Badges
Authors: Armstrong Michael B. , Ferrell Jared Z. , Collmus Andrew B. , Landers Richard N.
Published: October 2016

Describing the current state of gamification, Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, and Hogan (2016) provide a troubling contradiction: They offer examples of a broad spectrum of gamification interventions, but they then summarize the entirety of gamification as “the digital equivalent of situational judgment tests.” This mischaracterization grossly oversimplifies a rapidly growing area of research and practice both within and outside of industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology. We agree that situational judgment tests (SJTs) can be considered a type of gamified assessment, and gamification provides a toolkit to make SJTs even more gameful. However, the termgamificationrefers to a much broader and potentially more impactful set of tools than just SJTs, which are incremental, versatile, and especially valuable to practitioners in an era moving toward business-to-consumer (B2C) assessment models. In this commentary, we contend that gamification is commonly misunderstood and misapplied by I-O psychologists, and our goals are to remedy such misconceptions and to provide a research agenda designed to improve both the science and the practice surrounding gamification of human resource processes.
Moving Beyond Identification: Using Gamification To Attract and Retain Talent
Authors: Lowman Graham H.
Published: October 2016

As noted in the focal article (Chamorro-Premuzic, Winsborough, Sherman, & Hogan, 2016), recent advances in technology have provided new tools for talent identification; however, identification alone is not enough to win the war for talent (Chambers, Foulon, Handfield-Jones, Hankin, & Michael, 1998). Big data, social media, and mobile apps provide access to previously untapped information about individuals; unfortunately, that information has limited value if it cannot be used to attract and retain the top talent it identifies. Therefore, new tools for talent identification must also be vetted for how well they provide human resource (HR) practitioners a means for attracting top talent and retaining that talent. Although far from a silver bullet, gamification opens the door for collecting information on an individual's talent potential while also fostering organizational attraction and employee retention.
Lab Experiment Tests What Triggers Massive Solar Eruptions
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: October 2016

In a first-of-its-kind demonstration, scientists provide experimental support for a possible mechanism behind the formation of coronal mass ejections.
Multi‐level decision making in hierarchical multi‐agent robotic search teams
Authors: Nasir Ali , Salam Yasir , Saleem Yasir
Published: October 2016

The problem addressed in this study is that of a team of robots searching in an unknown area. The proposed solution is based on hierarchical agent architecture. Agents are formulated using Markov decision process model and search policy is calculated by solving the resulting Markov decision processes. In the proposed approach, one agent is the leader agent and remaining agents are member agents. Main duty of the leader agent is to assign the member agents to various partitions of the search space based on the information it receives. Member agents on the other hand, search in the assigned area until either the goals are achieved or their assignment is changed. There are certain advantages of the proposed approach over the existing approaches for multi‐agent search. For example, the computations within each agent have been limited to only one partition of the area at a time. Also the effective area to be explored by each agent is limited; therefore, less on‐board memory is required to keep track of how much of the search task has been completed. Furthermore, since Markov decision process (MDP) models are solved offline, the online computational requirement is reduced.
Facile synthesis of flake‐like MnO2/CNFs catalysts and their activity in low‐temperature NO reduction with NH3
Authors: Chen Jian , Zheng Yuying , Cai Weilong , Zou Haiqiang , Zheng Weijie , Zhang Yanbing , Chen Xuehong , Fu Binbin
Published: October 2016

A series of MnO2/carbon nanofibres (CNFs) catalysts were prepared by a facile co‐precipitation method for low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. These catalysts were characterised by the techniques of specific surface area measurements (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR). The XRD, FESEM and TEM results showed that the CNFs were surrounded by MnO2 nanoflakes. Compared with the MnOx/CNFs catalyst prepared by the wet impregnation method, the MnO2/CNFs catalysts exhibited better low‐temperature SCR activity at low temperature. The XPS results indicated that a higher concentration of Mn4+ and more surface oxygen species exited on the surface for 8% MnO2/CNFs catalyst. The H2‐TPR profiles displayed that the 8% MnO2/CNFs catalyst presented stronger low‐temperature reducibility than the MnOx/CNFs catalyst. Based on the abovementioned favourable properties, the 8% MnO2/CNFs catalyst has an excellent performance in the low‐temperature SCR of NO with NH3.
Simple strategy for fabricating a Prussian blue/chitosan/carbon nanotube composite and its application for the sensitive determination of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Wang Cong , Zhang Keying , Zhang Na , Zhang Li , Wang Hongyan , Xu Jigui , Shi Hongwei , Zhuo Xin , Qin Miao , Wu Xingxing
Published: October 2016

A simple strategy was presented for fabricating a Prussian blue (PB)/chitosan (CHIT)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite. A simple chemical reaction was used to form PB nanoparticles on the surface of an electrode modified with CHIT–MWCNTs. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the composite. PB–CHIT–MWCNTs were employed to construct an electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (HP) sensor. Tests showed that the sensor exhibited excellent electrocatalytic ability toward the reduction of HP. The amperometric response was linear with concentrations of HP in the range of 1.0 µM–0.5 mM, with a detection limit of 0.1 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, this sensor showed excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, and it was satisfactorily applied for HP detection in real samples.
Influence of nano‐Al2O3 on the migration of heavy metal Cr in the unsaturated soil
Authors: Junjie Zhang , Hanyu Liu , Yuan Wan , Mo Xu , Guo Liu
Published: October 2016

Chromium(VI), a kind of migratory heavy metal pollutant, does not only accumulate in the soil in huge amount, but it can also migrate to the deep layer soil and even contaminate the groundwater. The migration pattern of water in the unsaturated silt loam is studied. Then the dynamic leaching characteristic of Cr(VI) is observed. Finally, through the indoor soil column leaching experiment, the influence of adding nano‐aluminium oxide (Al2O3) into the soil column on the migration of Cr(VI) in the silt loam is analysed. In unsaturated silt loam, water in it apparently affects the Cr migration. The deeper the soil layer is, the lower the Cr(VI) concentration is. With the drip irrigation going on, the Cr(VI) concentration in the soil increases constantly until it fundamentally reaches the saturated adsorbance of the soil. With nano‐Al2O3 added into the column, the migratory rate of Cr(VI) in the soil decrease obviously, which is probably because of the space steric effect and adsorption characteristics of nano‐Al2O3. Therefore, nano‐Al2O3 can be utilised as a preferable material to reduce the migration rate of Cr(VI) of soil and groundwater. The research results can supply the theoretical basis to the research of heavy metal pollution in the unsaturated soil.
Elastic and conductive MWCNT/SBS nanocomposites as superior piezoresistive sensors
Authors: Duan Zhi‐Qiang , Li Tian‐Peng , Yao Kai , Xuan Zhao‐Long , Liu Yi‐Tao
Published: October 2016

Herein conductive elastomers by homogeneous distribution of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a styrene‐co ‐butadiene‐co ‐styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer matrix is reported. The inherent π–π stacking ensures nearly single‐layer adsorption of the SBS molecules on the surfaces of MWCNTs, translating into reliable interfacial interactions. The resulting MWCNT/SBS nanocomposites are highly elastic and conductive. It is believed that this finding opens up a new way to fabricate conductive elastomers holding great promise as superior piezoresistive sensors that may integrate a ‘touch’ function in wearable electronics and computers.
Controlling uncertainty in aptamer selection
Authors: Spill Fabian , Weinstein Zohar B. , Irani Shemirani Atena , Ho Nga , Desai Darash , Zaman Muhammad H.
Published: October 2016

Significance

Oligonucleotide aptamers have increasing applications as a class of molecules that bind with high affinity and specificity to a target. Aptamers are typically selected from a large pool of random candidate nucleic acid libraries through competition for the target. Using a stochastic hybrid model, we are able to study the combined impact of important evolutionary success factors such as competition, randomness, and changes in the environment. Whereas the environment may be tuned with experimental parameters such as target concentration, competition varies with differences in the initial distribution of aptamer–target binding affinities, and random events can eliminate even the ligands with the highest affinity.
Terpene synthase genes in eukaryotes beyond plants and fungi: Occurrence in social amoebae
Authors: Chen Xinlu , Köllner Tobias G. , Jia Qidong , Norris Ayla , Santhanam Balaji , Rabe Patrick , Dickschat Jeroen S. , Shaulsky Gad , Gershenzon Jonathan , Chen Feng
Published: October 2016

Significance

Many living organisms use terpenes for ecological interactions. Terpenes are biosynthesized by terpene synthases (TPSs), but classic
TPS
genes are known to exist only in plants and fungi among the eukaryotes. In this study,
TPS
genes were identified in six species of amoebae with five of them being multicellular social amoebae. Amoebal TPSs showed closer relatedness to fungal TPSs than bacterial TPSs. In the social amoeba
Dictyostelium discoideum
, all nine
TPS
genes encoded active enzymes and most of their terpene products were released as volatiles in a development-specific manner. This study highlights a wider distribution of
TPS
genes in eukaryotes than previously thought and opens a door to studying the function and evolution of
TPS
genes and their products.
Role of DNA methylation in hybrid vigor in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kawanabe Takahiro , Ishikura Sonoko , Miyaji Naomi , Sasaki Taku , Wu Li Min , Itabashi Etsuko , Takada Satoko , Shimizu Motoki , Takasaki-Yasuda Takeshi , Osabe Kenji , Peacock W. James , Dennis Elizabeth S. , Fujimoto Ryo
Published: October 2016

Significance

Hybrid vigor is an important phenomenon in basic genetics and in agricultural practice, but the bases of the superior performance of the hybrid relative to its parents in biomass and seed production remain elusive. In recent years, it has been suggested that epigenetic controls on levels of gene action are involved. Using mutants of genes involved in DNA methylation, we show that RNA polymerase IV or methyltransferase I do not contribute to the generation of the heterotic phenotype but that decrease in DNA methylation 1, a nucleosome remodeller with an effect on DNA methylation level, is required to produce a full level of hybrid vigor.
Age and Stock Analysis Using Otolith Shape in Gags from the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Renán Ximena , Montero‐Muñoz Jorge , Garza‐Pérez Joaquin R. , Brulé Thierry
Published: October 2016

On Campeche Bank (CB) in the southern Gulf of Mexico, Gags Mycteroperca microlepis are captured as part of a sequential multispecies fishery. Limited scientific data suggest that the Gag is the third most important commercial species in the region, contributing 21% (total weight) of the overall grouper catch. Neither age nor stock data are currently available for Gags in this region, making it impossible to determine how this species is affected by current fishing practices. Such information is vital for the CB stock since it acts as a genetic source for a mixed Gag population on the west Florida shelf through a constant unidirectional flow of larvae. The goal of this study was to generate baseline age and stock structure data for Gags on CB. Age was quantified from otoliths by counting the number of annuli (indicated by the number of opaque zones from the otolith core to the margin) in thin sections. Otolith shape was analyzed by using discrete wavelet transforms, linear otolith morphometrics, and shape indices. In each of 198 specimens, age was determined based on examination of the right sagittal otolith, and shape analysis was conducted on the left sagittal otolith. Individual age ranged from 4 to 17 years, and otolith opaque band deposition occurred annually between December and February. Using principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis, two distinct groups were identified (discrimination success = 98%), indicating the presence of substructure in the CB stock of Gags. Otolith analysis clearly assisted in achieving a better understanding of the CB Gag stock and in identifying the complexity within the stock, demonstrating that otolith analysis is a useful tool in characterizing fish populations. The study results highlight the urgent need for Gag stock assessment in this region and for the application of a cautious approach to fishery management given the immense gaps in biological data for this species.

Received January 13, 2016; accepted July 18, 2016 Published online October 7, 2016
Development of Habitat Suitability Indices for the Candy Darter, with Cross‐Scale Validation across Representative Populations
Authors: Dunn Corey G. , Angermeier Paul L.
Published: October 2016

Understanding relationships between habitat associations for individuals and habitat factors that limit populations is a primary challenge for managers of stream fishes. Although habitat use by individuals can provide insight into the adaptive significance of selected microhabitats, not all habitat parameters will be significant at the population level, particularly when distributional patterns partially result from habitat degradation. We used underwater observation to quantify microhabitat selection by an imperiled stream fish, the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni, in two streams with robust populations. We developed multiple‐variable and multiple‐life‐stage habitat suitability indices (HSIs) from microhabitat selection patterns and used them to assess the suitability of available habitat in streams where Candy Darter populations were extirpated, localized, or robust. Next, we used a comparative framework to examine relationships among (1) habitat availability across streams, (2) projected habitat suitability of each stream, and (3) a rank for the likely long‐term viability (robustness) of the population inhabiting each stream. Habitat selection was characterized by ontogenetic shifts from the low‐velocity, slightly embedded areas used by age‐0 Candy Darters to the swift, shallow areas with little fine sediment and complex substrate, which were used by adults. Overall, HSIs were strongly correlated with population rank. However, we observed weak or inverse relationships between predicted individual habitat suitability and population robustness for multiple life stages and variables. The results demonstrated that microhabitat selection by individuals does not always reflect population robustness, particularly when based on a single life stage or season, which highlights the risk of generalizing habitat selection that is observed during nonstressful periods or for noncritical resources. These findings suggest that stream fish managers may need to be cautious when implementing conservation measures based solely on observations of habitat selection by individuals and that detailed study at the individual and population levels may be necessary to identify habitat that limits populations.

Received March 30, 2016; accepted July 19, 2016Published online October 7, 2016
Toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Alexandrium catenella in Chilean fjords: a resilient winner from climate change
Authors: Mardones Jorge I. , Müller Marius N. , Hallegraeff Gustaaf M.
Published: October 2016

Exposure of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella to variations in pCO2/pH, comparable to current and near-future levels observed in Southern Chilean fjords, revealed potential functional adaptation mechanisms. Under calculated conditions for pH(total scale) and pCO2 ranging from 7.73–8.66 to 69.7–721.3 μatm, respectively, the Chilean strain Q09 presented an optimum growth rate and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake at near-equilibrium pCO2/pH conditions (∼8.1). DistaLM analysis between physiological relevant carbonate system parameters (CO2, HCO3−, and H+) and cellular rates (growth rate and DIC uptake) identified HCO3− as the unique variable explaining a significant portion of the physiological response. Estimations of equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) and chain-formation index (CI) revealed reduced cell size and enhanced chain formation at high pH/low pCO2 conditions. Light intensity as co-factor during experiments (50 vs. 100 μmol photons m−2 s−1) produced no effect on ESD and CI. Cells exposed to low light; however, had reduced cell growth and DIC uptake especially at high pH/low pCO2. We suggest that A. catenella Chilean strains are highly adapted to spatio-temporal pCO2/pH fluctuations in Chilean fjords, becoming a resilient winner from expected climate change effects.
Environmental sensitivity of Neogoniolithon brassica-florida associated with vermetid reefs in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Fine Maoz , Tsadok Rami , Meron Dalit , Cohen Stephanie , Milazzo Marco
Published: October 2016

Vermetid reefs in the Mediterranean Sea are increasingly affected by both anthropogenic actions and global climate change, which are putting this coastal ecosystem at risk. The main species involved in building these reefs are two species of intertidal vermetid gastropods and the crustose calcareous alga, Neogoniolithon brassica-florida, which cements the gastropod shells and thus solidifying the reef edges. In the present study, we examined the pattern of distribution in the field and the environmental sensitivity (thermal tolerance, resilience to low pH, high light intensity and desiccation) of N. brassica-florida along the coasts of Sicily and Israel by means of chlorophyll fluorescence and total alkalinity measurements in situ and in the laboratory. Tidal regimes did not affect photosynthesis of N. brassica-florida but light intensity in the intertidal did. Sensitivity to increased light intensity was amplified by elevated temperature and reduced pH. Winter temperature above 16 °C caused a decrease in the photosynthetic performance of photo-system II. Similarly, a decrease in pH resulted in decreased maximum photosynthetic yield and electron transport rate. Calcification was significantly lower at pH 7.9 as compared with ambient (8.1) pH. In fact, dissolution at pH 7.9 at night was higher than net calcification during the day, suggesting that N. brassica-florida may not be able to contribute to reef accretion under the levels of seawater warming and ocean acidification projected by the end of this century.
Hospitalization event notifications and reductions in readmissions of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in the Bronx, New York
Authors: Unruh Mark Aaron , Jung Hye-Young , Kaushal Rainu , Vest Joshua R
Published: October 2016

Objective: Follow-up with a primary care provider after hospital discharge has been associated with a reduced likelihood of readmission. However, primary care providers are frequently unaware of their patients’ hospitalizations. Event notification may be an effective tool for reducing readmissions by notifying primary care providers when their patients have been admitted to and discharged from a hospital.

Materials and Methods: We examined the effect of an event notification system on 30-day readmissions in the Bronx, New York. The Bronx has among the highest readmission rates in the country and is a particularly challenging setting to improve care due to the low socioeconomic status of the county and high rates of poor health behaviors among its residents. The study cohort included 2559 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries associated with 14 141 hospital admissions over the period January 2010 through June 2014. Linear regression models with beneficiary-level fixed-effects were used to estimate the impact of event notifications on readmissions by comparing the likelihood of rehospitalization for a beneficiary before and after event notifications were active.

Results: The unadjusted 30-day readmission rate when event notifications were not active was 29.5% compared to 26.5% when alerts were active. Regression estimates indicated that active hospitalization alert services were associated with a 2.9 percentage point reduction in the likelihood of readmission (95% confidence interval: −5.5, −0.4).

Conclusions: Alerting providers through event notifications may be an effective tool for improving the quality and efficiency of care among high-risk populations.
Impact of commercial computerized provider order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) on medication errors, length of stay, and mortality in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prgomet Mirela , Li Ling , Niazkhani Zahra , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I
Published: October 2016

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of commercial computerized provider order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) on medication errors, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: We searched for English-language literature published between January 2000 and January 2016 using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts of 586 unique citations were screened. Studies were included if they: (1) reported results for an ICU population; (2) evaluated the impact of CPOE or the addition of CDSSs to an existing CPOE system; (3) reported quantitative data on medication errors, ICU LOS, hospital LOS, ICU mortality, and/or hospital mortality; and (4) used a randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental study design.

Results: Twenty studies met our inclusion criteria. The transition from paper-based ordering to commercial CPOE systems in ICUs was associated with an 85% reduction in medication prescribing error rates and a 12% reduction in ICU mortality rates. Overall meta-analyses of LOS and hospital mortality did not demonstrate a significant change.

Discussion and Conclusion: Critical care settings, both adult and pediatric, involve unique complexities, making them vulnerable to medication errors and adverse patient outcomes. The currently limited evidence base requires research that has sufficient statistical power to identify the true effect of CPOE implementation. There is also a critical need to understand the nature of errors arising post-CPOE and how the addition of CDSSs can be used to provide greater benefit to delivering safe and effective patient care.
Varieties of Voice-Hearing: Psychics and the Psychosis Continuum
Authors: Powers Albert R. , Kelley Megan S. , Corlett Philip R.
Published: October 2016

Hearing voices that are not present is a prominent symptom of serious mental illness. However, these experiences may be common in the non-help-seeking population, leading some to propose the existence of a continuum of psychosis from health to disease. Thus far, research on this continuum has focused on what is impaired in help-seeking groups. Here we focus on protective factors in non-help-seeking voice-hearers. We introduce a new study population: clairaudient psychics who receive daily auditory messages. We conducted phenomenological interviews with these subjects, as well as with patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder who hear voices, people with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder who do not hear voices, and matched control subjects (without voices or a diagnosis). We found the hallucinatory experiences of psychic voice-hearers to be very similar to those of patients who were diagnosed. We employed techniques from forensic psychiatry to conclude that the psychics were not malingering. Critically, we found that this sample of non-help-seeking voice hearers were able to control the onset and offset of their voices, that they were less distressed by their voice-hearing experiences and that, the first time they admitted to voice-hearing, the reception by others was much more likely to be positive. Patients had much more negative voice-hearing experiences, were more likely to receive a negative reaction when sharing their voices with others for the first time, and this was subsequently more disruptive to their social relationships. We predict that this sub-population of healthy voice-hearers may have much to teach us about the neurobiology, cognitive psychology and ultimately the treatment of voices that are distressing.
The PhytoClust Tool for Metabolic Gene Clusters Discovery in Plant Genomes
Authors: Töpfer Nadine , Fuchs Lisa-Maria , Aharoni Asaph
Published: October 2016

The existence of Metabolic Gene Clusters (MGCs) in plant genomes has recently raised increased interest. Thus far, MGCs were commonly identified for pathways of specialized metabolism, mostly those associated with terpene type products. For efficient identification of novel MGCs computational approaches are essential. Here we present PhytoClust; a tool for the detection of candidate MGCs in plant genomes. The algorithm employs a collection of enzyme families related to plant specialized metabolism, translated into hidden Markov models, to mine given genome sequences for physically co-localized metabolic enzymes. Our tool accurately identifies previously characterized plant MBCs. An exhaustive search of 31 plant genomes detected 1232 and 5531 putative gene cluster types and candidates, respectively. Clustering analysis of putative MGCs types by species reflected plant taxonomy. Furthermore, enrichment analysis revealed taxa- and species-specific enrichment of certain enzyme families in MGCs. When operating through our web-interface, PhytoClust users can mine a genome either based on a list of known cluster types or by defining new cluster rules. Moreover, for selected plant species, the output can be complemented by co-expression analysis. Altogether, we envisage PhytoClust to enhance novel MGCs discovery which will in turn impact the exploration of plant metabolism.
Head and gaze tracking of unrestrained marmosets
Authors: Turesson Hjalmar K. , Conceição Thamiris Botelho Ribeiro , Ribeiro Sidarta
Published: October 2016

New technologies for manipulating and recording the nervous system allow us to perform unprecedented experiments. However, the influence of our experimental manipulations on psychological processes must be inferred from their effects on behavior. Today, quantifying behavior has become the bottleneck for large-scale, high-throughput, experiments. The method presented here addresses this issue by using deep learning algorithms for video-based animal tracking. Here we describe a reliable automatic method for tracking head position and orientation from simple video recordings of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This method for measuring marmoset behavior allows for the estimation of gaze within foveal error, and can easily be adapted to a wide variety of similar tasks in biomedical research. In particular, the method has great potential for the simultaneous tracking of multiple marmosets to quantify social behaviors.
An efficient field and laboratory workflow for plant phylotranscriptomic projects1
Authors: Yang Ya , Moore Michael J. , Brockington Samuel F. , Timoneda-Monfort Alfonso , Feng Tao , Marx Hannah E. , Walker Joseph F. , Smith Stephen A.
Published: October 2016

Premise of the study:We describe a field and lab workflow developed for plant phylotranscriptomic projects, involving field collected cryogenic tissues, RNA extraction and quality control, and library preparation. We also make recommendations for sample curation.

Methods and Results:216 frozen tissue samples of Caryophyllales and other angiosperm taxa were collected from the field or botanical gardens and were subjected to RNA extraction, stranded mRNA library preparation and sequencing on Illumina HiSeq platforms. These include difficult mucilaginous tissues such as those of Cactaceae and Droseraceae.

Conclusions:Our workflow is not only cost effective (~$270 per sample, as of August 2016, from tissue to reads) and time efficient (~5 hours a sample including all lab work and sample curation), but has proven robust for extraction of difficult samples such as tissues containing high levels of secondary compounds.