bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Other hyaluronic acid fillers and combination fillers
Authors: Lee Cynthia , Hebel Carter , Snyder Alan , Schlesinger Todd
Published: July 2023

The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers has become increasingly popular in the cosmetic industry due to their efficacy and versatility. Common types of HA fillers include Restylane, Juvéderm, and Bolotero. Other various options available for HA fillers include the resilient HA fillers (RHA) collection, Revanesse versa, and Prevelle silk. The fillers can be used singularly or in combination to achieve a desired cosmetic outcome. The RHA collection line is the first FDA approved filler used to treat dynamic facial lines using a less rigid formula than earlier HA fillers and by uniquely adapting to facial movement, stretching, and repeated facial compression. Revanesse versa filler is designed to effectively address moderate to severe facial wrinkles, including nasolabial folds, with a focus on providing lasting results even after the HA filler has been absorbed. Other HA fillers such as Prevelle silk, Hydrelle, and Puragen contain 0.3% lidocaine for more tolerable treatment for moderate to severe facial lines. Examples of combination fillers include HA/botulinum toxin, HA/calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), and HA/poly‐
l‐lactic acid. To facilitate the administration of injections, HA fillers can also be mixed with agents such as lidocaine, lidocaine and epinephrine, normal saline, and sterile water to decrease viscosity. Furthermore, the use of CaHA in conjunction with microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V) has shown to enhance skin tightness and neocollagenesis. Other applications of HA include utilization of its bacteriostatic effects to coat biomedical devices, as a material for bioink and tissue‐engineering, and to create novel formulations to further personalize cosmetic goals.
Screening and confirmation of recombinant human follistatin in equine plasma for doping control purposes
Authors: Wong Kin‐Sing , Cheung Hiu Wing , Choi Yung‐Ching , To Ning‐Sum , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M.
Published: July 2023

Recombinant human follistatin (rhFST) is a potential performance‐enhancing agent owing to its stimulating effect on muscle growth. Administration of rhFST to athletes is prohibited in human sports by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) and in horseracing according to Article 6 of the International Agreement on Breeding, Racing and Wagering published by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA). For effective control of the potential misuse of rhFST in flat racing, methods for screening and confirmatory analysis are required. This paper describes the development and validation of a complete solution for detecting rhFST and confirming its presence in plasma samples collected from racehorses. A high‐throughput analysis of rhFST with a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the screening of equine plasma samples. Any suspicious finding would then be subjected to a confirmatory analysis using immunocapture, followed by nano‐liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/HRMS). The confirmation of rhFST by nanoLC‐MS/HRMS was achieved by comparing the retention times and relative abundances of three characteristic product‐ions with those from the reference standard in accordance with the industry criteria published by the Association of Official Racing Chemists. The two methods achieved comparable limit of detection (~2.5–5 ng/mL) and limit of confirmation (2.5 ng/mL or below), as well as adequate specificity, precision and reproducibility. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the screening and confirmation methods for rhFST in equine samples.
An evaluation of isolation by distance and isolation by resistance on genetic structure of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) in the Zagros forests of Iran
Authors: Asadi Aghbolaghi Marzieh , Keyghobadi Nusha , Azarakhsh Zeinab , Dadizadeh Marzieh , Asadi Aghbolaghi Shahab , Zamani Navid
Published: July 2023

For the conservation of wild species, it is important to understand how landscape change and land management can affect gene flow and movement. Landscape genetic analyses provide a powerful approach to infer effects of various landscape factors on gene flow, thereby informing conservation actions. The Persian squirrel is a keystone species in the woodlands and oak forests of Western Asia, where it has experienced recent habitat loss and fragmentation. We conducted landscape genetic analyses of individuals sampled in the northern Zagros Mountains of Iran (provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Ilam), focusing on the evaluation of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR), using 16 microsatellite markers. The roles of geographical distance and landscape features including roads, rivers, developed areas, farming and agriculture, forests, lakes, plantation forests, rangelands, shrublands, and rocky areas of varying canopy cover, and swamp margins on genetic structure were quantified using individual‐based approaches and resistance surface modeling. We found a significant pattern of IBD but only weak support for an effect of forest cover on genetic structure and gene flow. It seems that geographical distance is an important factor limiting the dispersal of the Persian squirrel in this region. The results of the current study inform ongoing conservation programs for the Persian squirrel in the Zagros oak forest.
Long‐term patient‐reported outcomes after reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: van Rooij Joep A. F. , Roubos Jantien , Vrancken Peeters Noëlle J. M. C. , Rijken Bianca F. M. , Corten Eveline M. L. , Mureau Marc A. M.
Published: July 2023

Current literature on reconstruction after head and neck cancer (HNC) focusses on short‐term patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), while there is a need for knowledge on long‐term consequences. Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for studies on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after HNC reconstruction, using validated PROMs in at least 50 patients, and a follow‐up of more than 1 year. Thirty studies were included, comprising 2358 patients with a follow‐up between one and 10 years. The most used questionnaire was the UW‐QoL v4. Reconstructive surgery was generally followed by diminished oral function, worsened by radiotherapy. Patients experienced anxiety and fear of cancer recurrence. However, there was a progressive decrease in pain over time with some flaps having more favorable HRQoL outcomes. Age and bony tumor involvement were not related to postoperative HRQoL. These results may lead to better patient counseling and expectation management of HNC patients.
Mercuric chloride induced brain toxicity in mice: The protective effects of puerarin‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Gu Lixiang , Jin Fan , Yang Tianlong , Ruan Yuechuan , Zhong Ruixin , Han Qin , Huang Yi
Published: July 2023

Mercury is a toxic, environmentally heavy metal that can cause severe damage to all organs, including the nervous system. The functions of puerarin include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, nerve cell repair, regulation of autophagy, and so forth. But because of the limited oral absorption of puerarin, it affects the protective effect on brain tissue. The nano‐encapsulation of Pue can improve its limitation. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effect of Pue drug‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Pue‐PLGA‐nps) on brain injury induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in mice. The mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group, HgCl2 (4 mg/kg) group, Pue‐PLGA‐nps (50 mg/kg) group, HgCl2 + Pue (4 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg) group, and HgCl2 + Pue‐PLGA‐nps (4 mg/kg + 50 mg/kg) group. After 28 days of treatment, the mice were observed for behavioral changes, antioxidant capacity, autophagy and inflammatory response, and mercury levels in the brain, blood, and urine were measured. The results showed that HgCl2 toxicity caused learning and memory dysfunction in mice, increased mercury content in brain and blood, and increased serum levels of interleukin (IL‐6), IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the mice. HgCl2 exposure decreased the activity of T‐AOC, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, and increased the expression of malondialdehyde in the brain of mice. Moreover, the expression levels of TRIM32, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and LC3 proteins were upregulated. Both Pue and Pue‐PLGA‐nps interventions mitigated the changes caused by HgCl2 exposure, and Pue‐PLGA‐nps further enhanced this effect. Our results suggest that Pue‐PLGA‐nps can ameliorate HgCl2‐induced brain injury and reduce Hg accumulation, which is associated with inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and TLR4/TRIM32/LC3 signaling pathway.
High‐throughput screening of spin states for transition metal complexes with spin‐polarized extended tight‐binding methods
Authors: Neugebauer Hagen , Bädorf Benedikt , Ehlert Sebastian , Hansen Andreas , Grimme Stefan
Published: July 2023

The semiempirical GFNn‐xTB () tight‐binding methods are extended with a spin‐dependent energy term (spin‐polarization), enabling the fast and efficient screening of different spin states for transition metal complexes. While GFNn‐xTB methods inherently can not differentiate properly between high‐spin (HS) and low‐spin (LS) states, this shortcoming is corrected with the presented methods termed spGFNn‐xTB. The performance of spGFNn‐xTB methods for spin state energy splittings is evaluated on a newly compiled benchmark set of 90 complexes (27 HS and 63 LS complexes) containing 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals (termed TM90S) employing DFT references at the TPSSh‐D4/def2‐QZVPP level of theory. The challenging TM90S set contains complexes with charges between 4 and +3, spin multiplicities between 1 and 6, and spin‐splitting energies that range from 47.8 to 146.6 kcal/mol with a mean average of 32.2 kcal/mol. On this set the (sp)GFNn‐xTB methods, the PM6‐D3H4 method, and the PM7 method are evaluated with spGFN1‐xTB yielding the lowest MAD of 19.6 kcal/mol followed by spGFN2‐xTB with 24.8 kcal/mol. While for the 4d and 5d subsets small or no improvements are observed with spin‐polarization, large improvements are obtained for the 3d subset with spGFN1‐xTB yielding the smallest MAD of 14.2 kcal/mol followed by spGFN2‐xTB with 17.9 kcal/mol and PM6‐D3H4 with 28.4 kcal/mol. The correct sign of the spin state splittings is obtained with spGFN2‐xTB in 89% of all cases closely followed by spGFN1‐xTB with 88%. On the full set, a pure semiempirical vertical spGFN2‐xTB//GFN2‐xTB‐based workflow for screening purposes yields a slightly better MAD of 22.2 kcal/mol due to error compensation, while being qualitative correct for one additional case. In combination with their low computational cost (scanning spin states in seconds), the spGFNn‐xTB methods represent robust tools for pre‐screening steps of spin state calculations and high‐throughput workflows.
Reshaping dental faculty development using collective healthcare experiences
Authors: Sharab Lina , Sonkar Jyoti , Thomas Priya M. , Prasannakumar Priya , Guha Upoma , Leventer Martin , Vazouras Konstantinos , Cappelli David
Published: July 2023

Dental academics provide a fulfilling career path to educate the next generation of oral health professionals. The number of dentists choosing a career in dental academics is declining and existing faculty are opting for other career options. As the number of dental schools increase across the US, a critical shortage of educators may be evidenced. In dentistry, innovative approaches to develop academic faculty are not keeping pace with the growing needs of dental faculty, who are challenged to establish a fulfilling work‐life balance. This work reviews existing methods that other health professions implement to develop faculty for successful career growth. This review highlights factors and related cofactors that influence career development among dental faculty. Recommendations are presented as potential solutions based on the assessment of similar experiences published by related academic healthcare professions. Dental academia must increase attention to faculty needs and awareness by conducting institutional‐specific studies to address these issues with customizable solutions.
Polyaniline‐silica doped with oxalic acid as a novel extractor phase in thin film solid‐phase microextraction for determination of hormones in urine
Authors: Turazzi Francielle Crocetta , Morés Lucas , Carasek Eduardo , Barra Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira
Published: July 2023

In this study, different polyanilines were synthesized and evaluated for the determination of three hormones, including 17‐β‐estradiol, 17‐α‐ethinylestradiol, and estrone, in urine using a novel methodology based on thin film solid‐phase microextraction technique, employing the sampling well plate system. The extractor phases, designated as polyaniline doped with hydrochloric acid, polyaniline doped with oxalic acid, polyaniline‐silica doped with hydrochloric acid, and polyaniline‐silica doped with oxalic acid, were characterized by electrical conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimized extraction conditions were composed of 1.5 mL of urine and pH adjusted to 10, with no need to dilute sample and the desorption step, 300 μL of acetonitrile was used. The calibration curves were performed in the sample matrix, with detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.30 to 3.03 μg L−1 and from 1.0 to 10.0 μg L−1, respectively, with r ≥ 0.9969. The relative recoveries ranged from 71% to 115%, and intraday precision showed values ≤12% and interday ≤20%. The applicability of the method was successfully evaluated, and six urine samples from female volunteers were analyzed. The analytes were not detected or were below the limits of quantification in these samples.
DeepBryo: A web app forAI‐assisted morphometric characterization of cheilostome bryozoans
Authors: Di Martino Emanuela , Berning Björn , Gordon Dennis P , Kuklinski Piotr , Liow Lee Hsiang , Ramsfjell Mali H , Ribeiro Henrique L , Smith Abigail M , Taylor Paul D , Voje Kjetil L , Waeschenbach Andrea , Porto Arthur
Published: July 2023

Bryozoans are becoming an increasingly popular study system in macroevolutionary, ecological, and paleobiological research. Members of this colonial invertebrate phylum display an exceptional degree of division of labor in the form of specialized modules, which allows for the inference of individual allocation of resources to reproduction, defense, and growth using simple morphometric tools. However, morphometric characterizations of bryozoans are notoriously labored. Here, we introduce DeepBryo, a web application for deep‐learning‐based morphometric characterization of cheilostome bryozoans. DeepBryo is capable of detecting objects belonging to six classes and outputting 14 morphological shape measurements for each object. The users can visualize the predictions, check for errors, and directly filter model outputs on the web browser. DeepBryo was trained and validated on a total of 72,412 structures in six different object classes from images of 109 different families of cheilostome bryozoans. The model shows high (> 0.8) recall and precision for zooid‐level structures. Its misclassification rate is low (~ 4%) and largely concentrated in two object classes. The model's estimated structure‐level area, height, and width measurements are statistically indistinguishable from those obtained via manual annotation. DeepBryo reduces the person‐hours required for characterizing individual colonies to less than 1% of the time required for manual annotation. Our results indicate that DeepBryo enables cost‐, labor,‐ and time‐efficient morphometric characterization of cheilostome bryozoans. DeepBryo can greatly increase the scale of macroevolutionary, ecological, taxonomic, and paleobiological analyses, as well as the accessibility of deep‐learning tools for this emerging model system.
Well‐Balanced Ambipolar Charge Transport of Diketopyrrolepyrrole‐Based Copolymers: Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and High‐Voltage Logic Applications
Authors: Xuyao Song , Kim Sang Beom , Jung Hanggyo , Kim Jaekyum , Mo Jaewan , Jeong Yong Jin , Jang Jaeyoung , An Tae Kyu , Kim Yun‐Hi , Jeon Jongwook
Published: July 2023

A poly (3,6‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)−2,5‐bis(2‐decyltetradecyl)−2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione‐co‐(2,3‐bis(phenyl)acrylonitrile)) (PDPADPP) copolymer, composed of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and a cyano (nitrile) group with a vinylene spacer linking two benzene rings, is synthesized via a palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The electrical performance of PDPADPP in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and circuits is investigated. The OFETs based on PDPADPP exhibit typical ambipolar transport characteristics, with the as‐cast OFETs demonstrating low field‐effect hole and electron mobility values of 0.016 and 0.004 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. However, after thermal annealing at 240 °C, the OFETs exhibit improved transport characteristics with highly balanced ambipolar transport, showing average hole and electron mobility values of 0.065 and 0.116 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. To verify the application of the PDPADPP OFETs in high‐voltage logic circuits, compact modeling using the industry‐standard small‐signal Berkeley short‐channel IGFET model (BSIM) is performed, and the logic application characteristics are evaluated. The circuit simulation results demonstrate excellent logic application performance of the PDPADPP‐based ambipolar transistor and illustrate that the device annealed at 240 °C exhibits ideal circuit characteristics.
Strategic cooperation of live‐stream platform in e‐commerce
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Guo Xin
Published: July 2023

Many live‐stream platforms (LSPs) have sought cooperation with e‐tailers or/and manufacturers. Considering the existing cooperation modes, we propose models to examine the optimal cooperation mode. Our study shows that the LSP benefits from cooperating with both firms. Moreover, the manufacturer profits from the LSP only cooperating with itself, while the e‐tailer may profit from the LSP only cooperating with itself or the manufacturer. The consumers benefit from the LSP only cooperates with one firm. We further consider the case where the manufacturer's LS channel is not inferior to the e‐tailer's channels and examine the equilibrium strategies for players and consumers.
Longitudinal Meta‐Analysis of Historical Parkinson's Disease Trials to Inform Future Trial Design
Authors: Arshad Usman , Rahman Fatima , Hanan Nathan , Chen Chao
Published: July 2023

Background

The outcome of clinical trials in neurodegeneration can be highly uncertain due to the presence of a strong placebo effect.

Objectives

To develop a longitudinal model that can enhance the success of future Parkinson's disease trials by quantifying trial‐to‐trial variations in placebo and active treatment response.

Methods

A longitudinal model‐based meta‐analysis was conducted on the total score of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Parts 1, 2, and 3. The analysis included aggregate data from 66 arms (observational [4], placebo [28], or investigational‐drug‐treated [34]) from 4 observational studies and 17 interventional trials. Inter‐study variabilities in key parameters were estimated. Residual variability was weighted by the size of study arms.

Results

The baseline total UPDRS was estimated to average at 24.5 points. Disease score was estimated to worsen by 3.90 points/year for the duration of the treatments; whilst notably, arms with a lower baseline progressed faster. The model captured the transient nature of the placebo response and sustained symptomatic drug effect. Both placebo and drug effects peaked within 2 months; although, 1 year was needed to observe the full treatment difference. Across these studies, the progression rate varied by 59.4%, the half‐life for offset of placebo response varied by 79.4%, and the amplitude for drug effect varied by 105.3%.

Conclusion

The longitudinal model‐based meta‐analysis describes UPDRS progression rate, captures the dynamics of the placebo response, quantifies the effect size of the available therapies, and sets the expectation of uncertainty for future trials. The findings provide informative priors to enhance the rigor and success of future trials of promising agents, including potential disease modifiers. © 2023 GSK. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Treatment Detection and Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III Estimation Using Finger Tapping Tasks
Authors: ZhuParris Ahnjili , Thijssen Eva , Elzinga Willem O. , Makai‐Bölöni Soma , Kraaij Wessel , Groeneveld Geert J. , Doll Robert J.
Published: July 2023

The validation of objective and easy‐to‐implement biomarkers that can monitor the effects of fast‐acting drugs among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients would benefit antiparkinsonian drug development. We developed composite biomarkers to detect levodopa/carbidopa effects and to estimate PD symptom severity. For this development, we trained machine learning algorithms to select the optimal combination of finger tapping task features to predict treatment effects and disease severity. Data were collected during a placebo‐controlled, crossover study with 20 PD patients. The alternate index and middle finger tapping (IMFT), alternative index finger tapping (IFT), and thumb–index finger tapping (TIFT) tasks and the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) III were performed during treatment. We trained classification algorithms to select features consisting of the MDS‐UPDRS III item scores; the individual IMFT, IFT, and TIFT; and all three tapping tasks collectively to classify treatment effects. Furthermore, we trained regression algorithms to estimate the MDS‐UPDRS III total score using the tapping task features individually and collectively. The IFT composite biomarker had the best classification performance (83.50% accuracy, 93.95% precision) and outperformed the MDS‐UPDRS III composite biomarker (75.75% accuracy, 73.93% precision). It also achieved the best performance when the MDS‐UPDRS III total score was estimated (mean absolute error: 7.87, Pearson's correlation: 0.69). We demonstrated that the IFT composite biomarker outperformed the combined tapping tasks and the MDS‐UPDRS III composite biomarkers in detecting treatment effects. This provides evidence for adopting the IFT composite biomarker for detecting antiparkinsonian treatment effect in clinical trials. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The effectiveness of motivation‐guided PDCA cycle nursing for self‐management ability and outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhao Mingxia , Li Haixiang , Wang Jing , Chu Limin , Huang Lixia , Li Hailian
Published: July 2023

Aim

To explore the effectiveness of motivation‐guided ‘plan, do, check and action’ cycle nursing for self‐management ability and outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Design

A pre‐ and post‐ comparison quasi experimental study.

Methods

Totally 108 pregnant women with GDM diagnosed and delivered in our hospital from January 2020 to April 2021 were included in this study. They were divided into study group (54 cases) and control group (54 cases).

Results

The score of self‐management ability were significantly higher than those of control group (t‐test, all p < 0.05), as well as themselves before interventions in both groups (t‐test, all p < 0.05). Besides, scores of anxiety, depression, extraverted stimulus and intraverted stimulus all achieved significant reduction after interventions in study group compared with control one (t‐test, all p < 0.05), as well as themselves before interventions in both groups (t‐test, all p < 0.05).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The effect of social devaluation, labeling, and familiarity on children's attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a peer with symptoms of ADHD
Authors: Greenway Charlotte W. , Robinson Ammanys H. , King Janice M.
Published: July 2023

The present study examined the attitudes and behavioral intentions of 336 children aged 7–11 toward a hypothetical peer with symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine whether they were influenced by labeling, social devaluation, or familiarity. Children read one of five vignettes describing the behavior of a gender‐neutral peer before completing self‐report measures of attitudes and behavioral intentions. Results showed children held predominantly negative attitudes toward the hypothetical peer, which were more pronounced for inattentive than hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. These findings suggest that children were more likely to devalue internalizing rather than externalizing behaviors. Children also reported being more likely to engage in active/recreational and social activities rather than academic activities. In addition, the diagnostic label “ADHD” led to more negative attitudes and behavioral intentions, while knowing someone with ADHD mediated the negative effect of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms on attitudes and behavioral intentions. Finally, significant positive relationships were found between attitudes and children's willingness to engage in social, academic, and physical activities. Policy and practice implications of these findings are discussed.
Maleimidophenyl isocyanates adducts as versatile post‐polymerization modification agents for biobased furan polymers
Authors: Takashima Rikito , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: July 2023

Biobased furan polymers (BFPs) derived from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are eco‐friendly polymers obtained from inedible biomass resources. Modification of such polymers is expected to expand their practical uses. BFPs have furan moieties that can react as dienophiles with maleimide, facilitating well‐designed polymer reactions. Herein, we report the preparation of various maleimides using p‐maleimidophenylisocyanate (PMPI), which has a highly reactive isocyanate group and a maleimide group, to modify BFP through the Diels–Alder reaction of the maleimide group. Two reactive sites in PMPI exhibit orthogonal reactivity, enabling us to achieve tailor‐made modification agents. The Tg values and rheological properties of modified polymers can be tuned according to the structure of maleimide and their reaction conversion, which demonstrates the practical usability of BFP derived from furfural. The strategy proposed herein can be applied to obtain biobased materials with desirable functions and physical properties.
Histologic features and decreased lung FOXF1 gene expression in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia without a genetic diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia
Authors: Galambos Csaba , Logan J. Wells , Stankiewicz Pawel , Szafranski Przemyslaw , Zalles Carola , Gonzales Jose , Nath Sfurti , Patel Shalinkumar , Abman Steven H.
Published: July 2023

We report the case of a preterm infant who died at 10 months of age with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) with refractory pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure who had striking histologic features compatible with the diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) but without genetic confirmation of the diagnosis. We further demonstrate dramatic reductions in lung FOXF1 and TMEM100 content in sBPD, suggesting common mechanistic links between ACDMPV and sBPD with impaired FOXF1 signaling.
Effect of long term noninvasive ventilation in children on parent's quality of life
Authors: Sanctis Livio , Khirani Sonia , Vedrenne‐Cloquet Meryl , Griffon Lucie , Cozzo Mathilde , Olmo Arroyo Jorge , Sidhoum Lynda , Ouss Lisa , Fauroux Brigitte
Published: July 2023

Objective

Improving or maintaining the quality of life of the family of children treated with long term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a major concern; but studies are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of long term CPAP or NIV in children on anxiety, depression, quality of sleep, and quality of life of their parents.

Methods

Validated questionnaires evaluating anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and parents' quality of life (PedsQL family impact module) were completed by parents of children who were started on CPAP/NIV before (M0) and after 6−9 months (M6) of treatment.

Results

The questionnaires of 36 parents (30 mothers, 6 fathers) of 31 children were analyzed. For the entire group, no significant change was observed in anxiety, depression, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life between M0 and M6. When analyzing questionnaire class changes between M0 and M6: anxiety was relieved in 23% of parents and worsened in 29%, depression was relieved in 14% and worsened in 20%, sleep quality improved in 43% and worsened in 27%, sleepiness improved in 26% and worsened in 17%, with no change in the other parents.

Conclusion

Long term CPAP/NIV in children had no significant effect on parents' anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life.
Study on the blast impulse characters of high explosive charge with reactive metal casing
Authors: Du Ning , Zhang Xiangfeng , Xiong Wei , Liu Chuang , Tan Mengting
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on the blast impulse characters of high explosive charge with reactive metal casing. Explosive driving experiments were carried out for high explosive charge with different thicknesses of reactive metal casings and traditional 2 A12 aluminum alloy casings. The power of charge with the two casings was evaluated by analyzing the deformation of 0.3 mm thick Q235 steel foil under the action of the shock wave. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the deflection calculation model of steel foil under explosion load was established. The maximum deflection of plastic deformation of steel foil at different distances under the action of explosive loading caused by the charge with different material casing was calculated. The characteristics of the steel foil damaged by the explosion shock wave generated by the charge with a reactive metal casing were analyzed and compared with the blast impulse of the charge with the traditional 2 A12 aluminum alloy casing. The results show that, with the increase of the thickness of the reactive metal casing, the maximum deflection of the plastic deformation of the steel foil increased, that is, the damage effect to the target improved. The theoretical model of the maximum deflection of plastic deformation of steel foil under explosive loading can accurately predict the deflection of steel foil under explosive loading, and provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the damage effect of reactive materials driven by the explosion. The experimental results showed that the reactive metal casing has a good application prospect in realizing high‐efficiency damage.
Bilateral endobronchial metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A case report with literature review
Authors: Koay Leping , Lee Hwei Yee , Xu Huiying , Phua Chee Kiang
Published: July 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with endobronchial metastases is extremely rare, with less than 15 cases reported over the last 4 decades. We describe a case of a 62‐year‐old male who first presented with pulmonary symptoms secondary to bilateral endobronchial metastatic disease from newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma.
Betanin inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling pathway, cell growth and death in osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells
Authors: Liu Jichao , Velu Periyannan , Vijayalakshmi Annamalai , Zareian Mohsen , Xi Haitao
Published: July 2023

It is possible to develop new chemopreventive compounds so that cancer cells can be targeted in an exclusive manner. Bioactive natural compounds have demonstrated to be efficient chemotherapeutic agents, safe and cost‐effective. Majority of anti‐cancer medications are derived from natural sources, particularly of plant origins. Betanin (betanidin‐5‐O‐β‐glucoside) is the most common betacyanin with antioxidant, anti inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study therefore investigated the effect of betanin onosteosarcoma MG‐63 cells. The mechanistic pathway of inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated. The MG‐63 cells were treated with betanin for 24 h. Betanin actions on the appearance of cell arrangements, morphological changes, ROS induced Δψm, cell migration, cell adhesion and proliferative mechanistic marker expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6were analyzed. Betanin inhibited MG‐63 cells at IC50 concentrations between 9.08 and 54.49 μM and induced apoptosis by triggering the ROS mechanism. Betanin inhibited proliferation and migration of MG‐63 cells and induced DNA fragmentation. Betanin also modified the key mediator expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling pathways. Betanin can potentially be utilized in bone carcinoma therapeutics to inhibit, reverse or delay osteosarcoma.
Black Immigrant Literacies and the Promise of Unbroken Englishes: Five Things Every Teacher Should Know and Can Do
Authors: Smith Patriann
Published: July 2023

“Black immigrant literacies” is an intersectional framework that draws from diaspora literacy, racial literacy, and transnational literacy to center race and present teachers with a lens that can support Black immigrant students and their peers' literacies in classrooms. Black immigrant youth can be described as first‐, second‐, or third‐generation immigrants to the United States who identify as Black and who migrate to the United States from Africa, the Caribbean, or elsewhere. Many students from the Black immigrant population, though largely “invisible,” tend to be regarded as anew model minorityand asdesigner immigrants. New model minority perceptions of Black immigrants persist because of claims of immigrant superiority and because Black immigrants have long been perceived as having socioeconomic advantages over their Black American peers. Given that Black immigrants originate primarily from the Caribbean or Africa, accounting for over half of all Black foreign‐born people in the United States, and considering that the Caribbean remains the most common region of birth for the over 4 million Black immigrants in the United States, accounting for almost half of the total, I paint a selective portrait of the intersectionalities surrounding Black immigrant literacies as a basis for teachers to better understand Black immigrant students' needs in classrooms. I also draw specifically from Black Caribbean immigrant literacies to identify and describe five things that every teacher should know and can do when encountering Black Caribbean in English language arts and literacy instruction. Through provisions such as legitimizing “unbroken Englishes,” supporting “translanguaging with Englishes,”cultivating “holistic literacies,”and fostering “local–global connections,”it is anticipated that teachers of Black immigrants in the United States, Caribbean, and beyond will begin to unmask invisibility of this population in their classrooms. Through the use of this framework, it is also expected that teachers will be able to better support all students who engage with the literacies of Black immigrants in United States schools.
Screening for aroma in rice genotypes with African and Asian backgrounds
Authors: Ndikuryayo Cyprien , Ndayiragije Alexis , Kilasi Newton , Kusolwa Paul
Published: July 2023

Aromatic rice is highly preferred by consumers and has an important market worldwide. The demand for aromatic rice is high in East African countries, mainly in urban areas. Among the rice varieties that are grown in Burundi, few of them have a slight aroma which is not enough to satisfy the consumers’ demand and preference. There is no published report on the status of aroma in locally grown varieties and breeding lines in Burundi yet. This study aimed to identify aromatic genotypes that can be used in the breeding program to meet preferences of consumers. Two hundred fifteen genotypes were subjected to kompetitive allele‐specific PCR genotyping and sensory evaluation methods. Fifty‐three genotypes had the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2) gene for fragrance and displayed different levels of aroma expression. The sensory evaluation revealed two strongly aromatic genotypes, 43 moderately aromatic genotypes, 131 slightly aromatic genotypes, and 32 nonaromatic genotypes.The results of this study showed that BADH2 gene is significantly associated with rice aroma in accordance with previous reports. Furthermore, aroma and taste were positively and significantly correlated. Strongly aromatic genotypes (SUPA KATRIN and SUPA DE NYANZA –LAC) having the BADH2 gene for fragrance are of great interest for use in the breeding program to improve rice varieties to meet consumers' preferences in Burundi.
A randomized controlled trial on triamcinolone versus saline impregnated merocel post endoscopic sinus surgery: Our experience in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Sood Ananya , Goel Khushboo , Bhagat Sanjeev , Sahni Dimple , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Yadav Vishav
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To assess the potential benefit of impregnating Merocel (a non‐absorbable nasal dressing) with a topical steroid solution, for use as a direct and slow local delivery system of steroids after sinus surgery to improve postoperative wound healing.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 40 patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis were subjected to functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Following the completion of the surgery, Merocel packs were inserted in the bilateral nasal cavities and infiltrated with 4 mL triamcinolone (40 mg/mL) in one nasal cavity (treatment group) and 4 mL normal saline in the other (control group). Nasal packs were removed on the third postoperative day and postoperative healing assessment was done on postoperative Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 12. The findings were noted as per Lund Kennedy (LKES) and perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scores and compared on both sides.

Results

Significant (P < 0.05) improvement was noted in Lund Kennedy score for crusting and polyp at Week 12, for edema at Week 1, and nasal discharge at Weeks 1 and 12, but there was no significant improvement in scarring at any week. Overall, the difference between the treatment and control arms was statistically significant at all postoperative visits except at Week 4. Also, there was a significant improvement in POSE scores at Weeks 1, 2, and 12 but not at Week 4.

Conclusion

This study positively concludes that the nasal cavity packed with drug‐soaked packs had less scarring and edema in the postoperative period and the overall wound healing was much better as compared to saline‐soaked packs.
Sino‐nasal outcome Test‐22 and Lund–Mackay CT score to select endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Taheri Abolfazl , Hasani Sajad , Saberi Esfeedvajani Mohsen , Saeedi Masoumeh , Abolghasemi Reyhane
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the common diseases that cause morbidity and affects a person's quality of life. We tried to provide a more appropriate and effective approach to selecting patients for endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods

The study population is chronic rhinosinusitis children referred to the ear, nose, and throat clinic of two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran, who have previously undergone sufficient drug treatment and have not recovered. The Lund–Mackay score is calculated by examining the computed tomography (CT) scan. The Sino‐nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) questionnaire was provided to the patients before the operation, after the operation, and 3 and 6 months later in the clinic.

Results

Before the operation, the most SNOT‐22 score people were in the range of 40–59 points. The SNOT‐22 score before the operation is significantly different from 3 and 6 months after the operation. The highest frequency of Lund–Mackay CT (LMCT) scan score was in the range of 18–23 points. The LMCT scan score did not show any significant relationship with the SNOT‐22 score before surgery, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Sensitivity to aspirin had a significant relationship with SNOT‐22 scores and the history of asthma and nasal polyps had a significant relationship with the preoperative LMCT scan score.

Conclusions

The LMCT scan scoring system cannot be a good measure of chronic rhinosinusitis severity or the prognosis of patients after surgery. The SNOT‐22 questionnaire can be used as a predictive tool to help the doctor and the patient in deciding to operate and the possibility of obtaining a relative recovery.
Erkrankungen, Pflegebedürftigkeit und subjektive Gesundheit im hohen Alter
Authors: Zimmermann Jaroslava , Brijoux Thomas , Zank Susanne
Published: July 2023

Zwischen November 2020 und April 2021 wurde im Rahmen der bundesweiten Studie „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ (D80+) eine repräsentative schriftliche Befragung von mehr als 10.000 Personen ab 80 Jahren zu deren Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität durchgeführt. Die Befragung erfolgte damit unter dem Eindruck der zweiten und dritten Welle der Coronapandemie. Das vorliegende Kapitel beschreibt die gesundheitliche Situation sehr alter Menschen auf Grundlage von exemplarisch ausgewählten objektiven Gesundheitsindikatoren wie der Anzahl von ärztlich behandelten Erkrankungen und Pflegebedürftigkeit sowie der subjektiven Bewertung des Gesundheitszustands. Darüber hinaus wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Gesundheit der Hochaltrigen und ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit und Autonomie dargestellt.
Einsamkeit in der Hochaltrigkeit
Authors: Kaspar Roman , Wenner Judith , Tesch-Römer Clemens
Published: July 2023

Zwischen November 2020 und April 2021 wurde im Rahmen der bundesweiten Studie „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ eine schriftliche Befragung von mehr als 10.000 Personen ab 80 Jahren zu deren Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität durchgeführt. Dieser vierte Kurzbericht aus der deutschlandweiten Repräsentativbefragung stellt dar, wie stark hochaltrige Menschen in Deutschland vonEinsamkeitsgefühlenbetroffen sind und welchesRisiko- und Schutzfaktorenfür subjektiv erlebte Einsamkeit sind.
Social DNA Nanorobots
Authors: Yang Ming , Reif John
Published: July 2023

We describe social DNA nanorobots, which are autonomous mobile DNA devices that execute a series of pair-wise interactions between simple individual DNA nanorobots, causing a desired overall outcome behavior for the group of nanorobots which can be relatively complex. We present various designs for social DNA nanorobots that walk over a 2D nanotrack and collectively exhibit various programmed behaviors. These employ only hybridization and strand-displacement reactions, without use of enzymes. The novel behaviors of social DNA nanorobots designed here include: (i) Self-avoiding random walking, where a group of DNA nanorobots randomly walk on a 2D nanotrack and avoid the locations visited by themselves or any other DNA nanorobots. (ii) Flocking, where a group of DNA nanorobots follow the movements of a designated leader DNA nanorobot, and (iii) Voting by assassination, a process where there are originally two unequal size groups of DNA nanorobots; when pairs of DNA nanorobots from distinct groups collide, one or the other will be assassinated (by getting detached from the 2D nanotrack and diffusing into the solution away from the 2D nanotrack); eventually all members of the smaller groups of DNA nanorobots are assassinated with high likelihood. To simulate our social DNA nanorobots, we used a surface-based CRN simulator.
The Evolution of DNA-Based Molecular Computing
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai
Published: July 2023

The first demonstration of DNA computing was realized by Adleman in 1994, aiming to solve hard combinational problems with DNA molecules. This pioneering work initiated the evolution of the field of DNA computing during the last three decades. Up to date, the implemented functions of DNA computing have been expanded to logic operations, neural network computations, time-domain oscillator circuits, distributed computing, etc. Herein, the history of DNA computing is briefly reviewed, followed by discussions on opportunities and challenges of DNA-based molecular computing, especially from the perspective of algorithm design. Future directions and design strategies for next-generation DNA computing is also discussed.
Beyond DNA: New Digital Polymers
Authors: Tikhomirov Grigory
Published: July 2023

From a programming perspective, DNA is stunningly simple: a string of bits coding two types of interactions. The specific chemical form of DNA given to us by evolution imposes significant constraints on what is possible with DNA nanotechnology. In this paper, I propose three designs for new digital DNA-like polymers that retain the essential information-bearing properties of DNA while enabling functions not achievable with DNA such as greater stability, programmability, and precision.
Controlling Single Molecule Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers with DNA
Authors: Hansen Rikke Asbæk , Gothelf Kurt Vesterager
Published: July 2023

The unique specificity of DNA interactions and our ability to synthesize artificial functionalized DNA sequences makes it the ideal material for controlling self-assembly and chemical reactions of components attached to DNA sequences. Inspired by the field of molecular electronics and the lack of methods to assemble molecular components, we have explored the organization of conjugated molecular components using DNA-based self-assembly. In this chapter, we provide an overview of our efforts first to assemble and chemically couple conjugated molecules directed by DNA, and more recently to assemble conjugated polymers in DNA nanostructures. At the end of the chapter, we provide a short overview of work by other groups in the field.
Breaking rotations without violating the KSS viscosity bound
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Cremonini Sera , Early Laura , Li Li , Sun Hao-Tian
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We revisit the computation of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio in a holographic p-wave superfluid model, focusing on the role of rotational symmetry breaking. We study the interplay between explicit and spontaneous symmetry breaking and derive a simple horizon formula for η/s, which is valid also in the presence of explicit breaking of rotations and is in perfect agreement with the numerical data. We observe that a source which explicitly breaks rotational invariance suppresses the value of η/s in the broken phase, competing against the effects of spontaneous symmetry breaking. However, η/s always reaches a constant value in the limit of zero temperature, which is never smaller than the Kovtun-Son-Starinets (KSS) bound, 1/4π. This behavior appears to be in contrast with previous holographic anisotropic models which found a power-law vanishing of η/s at small temperature. This difference is shown to arise from the properties of the near-horizon geometry in the extremal limit. Thus, our construction shows that the breaking of rotations itself does not necessarily imply a violation of the KSS bound.