bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the chemical composition of the domestic apple tree fruits by x-ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Kuzmenko A.N. , Krasnyuk I.I. , Bokov D.O. , Plahotnaya O.N. , Evgrafov A.A. , Rodin M.N. , Kuzmenko I.A. , Nesterova N.V. , Samylina I.A.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Apple fruits are widely used in the food industry and as non-pharmacopoeial medicinal raw materials. The value of this plant is due to the presence of a large number of biologically active compounds, namely: phenols, flavonoids and tannins. Despite the abundance of information on the chemical composition of this raw material, the study of the elemental composition of apple fruits remains relevant for potential use in the treatment of element deficiency conditions.
Objective: to study the content of chemical elements using X-ray fluorescence analysis in three different parts of apple fruits – in the exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp for four varieties, as well as to identify the nitrate content and measure acidity for these apple varieties.
Material and methods. Apple tree fruits for research were harvested in the Moscow region. After preliminary ashing of the samples, the content of chemical elements was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis with a silicon drift detector. pH and nitrate ion concentrations were measured using an EXPERT-001 pH meter.
Results. Using X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA), the elemental composition of four varieties of domestic apple fruits was studied for various parts of the fruit. An increased content of lead was noted in the exocarp of apples of the Spartan variety. A study of the content of nitrate ions and pH was also carried out.
Conclusion. The chemical composition of domestic apple fruits was studied using X-ray fluorescence. The content of chemical elements was different in different parts of the fruit. The lowest content of chemical elements was determined in the mesocarp of the fruit. It is also worth noting the high lead content in the exocarp of Spartan apples.
Control of organic impurities in antibiotics
Authors: Kovaleva E.L. , Arkhipova K.S. , Terentieva O.O.
Published: February 2024

Introduction: the international, as well as Russian Pharmacopoeia criteria for organic impurity assessment are not applicable to medicinal products obtained by fermentation, therefore the setting of limits for product-related impurities in antibiotics is not regulated by any commonly shared rules.
The aim of the study was to analyse and summariese pharmacopoeial requirements for and methodological approaches to organic impurities control in active substances and finished products of semisynthetic antibiotics, peptide antibiotics, and antibiotics obtained by fermentation.
Material and methods: the authors analysed the requirements for organic impurities control, as established by the leading world pharmacopoeias and the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, using the example of three different groups of antibiotics (semisynthetic antibiotics, antibiotics obtained by fermentation, and peptide antibiotics). The study used comparative analysis and content analysis methods.
Results: the study demonstrated that the product-related impurity profiles of the analysed active substances and corresponding finished products often differ significantly across the leading pharmacopoeias, either qualitatively or quantitatively, and do not necessarily comply with the EMA Guideline on setting specifications for related impurities in antibiotics. The methodological approaches to product-related impurity control also differ a lot in terms of pharmacopoeial reference standards used, accelerated stability studies, etc.
Conclusion: the complex composition of product-related compounds does not always allow for their unambiguous classification as either impurities or active moieties (e.g. in the case of bleomycin). Most Russian Pharmacopoeia antibiotic monographs are harmonised with the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), which is fraught with problems regarding reference standards (RSs) use, since the composition of Ph. Eur. RSs includes both the active substance and several (sometimes up to 8) impurities. The Russian Pharmacopoeia monographs on antibiotics obtained by a process involving the fermentation stage, include the abnormal toxicity test, which seems redundant in comprehensive impurity control, at least for semisynthetic antibiotics.
Innovations and methodologies in research on problematic issues of drug supply
Authors: Kabakova T.I. , Goryachev A.B. , Barkaev G.S. , Iyro I.N. , Magomedova F.T.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Increasing the efficiency of research in the field of organizing drug supply to the population is a priority task of pharmaceutical science. The study of the structure of scientific knowledge seems to be a relevant direction for its development. However, a methodological analysis of scientific works on the problems of drug supply has not previously been carried out as an independent study.
Purpose of the study: analysis of theoretical and methodological solutions in scientific works on the problems of drug supply.
Material and methods. Using the PICO tool, we formed an array of 61 dissertations defended in the period from 1991 to the present, on the problems of drug supply. The resulting array was studied using the methods of content analysis, grouping, graphical, comparative and scientometric analysis.
Results and discussion. It was found that during the study period, 34 types of innovations were used with a total frequency of their use in 53 cases. The average number of innovation types used was 2.97 per study. In total, scientists used 53 types of methodologies, of which 14 types were directly related to the field of drug supply. 226 cases of using various types of methodologies were identified, with the average number of their use per study being 3.68. The analyzed array contains 81 names of methods and groups of methods. The total frequency of their use was 531 cases, and the average number of methods per 1 dissertation was 8.69. In works on the problems of drug supply, 242 names of scientists and predecessors of the dissertation candidates were mentioned. 313 cases of their mention were identified, which amounted to an average of 5 names per dissertation. As a result, a methodological profile of scientific research on the problems of drug supply was formed using four analytical blocks.
Conclusion. Data were obtained on the constant scientific interest of scientists in problematic issues of improving the drug supply system. The presence of reserves for expanding the boundaries of the scientific field of pharmaceutical science has been established.
Approach to synthesis and study of pharmacological effects of new 1,3,5-triazine derivatives
Authors: Levshukova P.O. , Kolesnik D.A. , Kuvaeva E.V. , Kirillova E.N. , Ivkin D.Y.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Among the derivatives of 1,3,5-triazine, compounds with different biological activity are known, but there are few drugs of this structure on the pharmaceutical market. Thus, the production of new medicines based on a triazine core, as well as the study of their biological activity is an urgent direction.
Objective: synthesis of new 1,3,5-triazine derivatives using the reaction of recycling of 2,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazine-6-ones by 1,3-binucleophiles to obtain different substituents at positions 2,4,6 in one stage, as well as assessment of acute toxicity, diuretic activity in silico and in vivo for synthesized products.
Material and methods. The target compounds were obtained as a result of the interaction of 2,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazine-6-ones and S-methylisothiourea of hemisulfate in the presence of an equimolar amount of sodium methylate in a methanol medium. Prediction of acute toxicity of the studied compound was carried out using the local version of the GUSAR software. Computer screening of biological activity was carried out using the PASS program. Acute toxicity in vivo was determined on white male mice. For experimental evaluation of the diuretic activity of the obtained compounds in vivo, the Taylor, Topliss model was included in the work.
Results. 2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-(pentane-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine were obtained with a yield of 72% and 69%, respectively. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The predicted and experimental data of acute toxicity correlate with each other, and the studied compounds belong to the class "low-toxic". During the screening of biological activity using the PASS program, data on the estimated diuretic activity were obtained. Studies of biological activity in vivo have shown that the target compounds have pronounced diuretic activity.
Conclusion. New compounds have been synthesized, their structure has been proved using modern physico-chemical analysis methods. The results of computer prediction made it possible to determine the potential class of toxicity and identify potential biological activity. With the help of experimental pharmacological studies, it has been proved that the studied compounds have low toxicity and exhibit pronounced diuretic activity.
Asthma and pregnancy
Authors: Lavrova О. , Petrova М.
Published: February 2024

Features of the course and treatment of bronchial asthma during pregnancy have been the subject of close attention of researchers in recent decades. Physiological changes and the nature of treatment of bronchial asthma during pregnancy determine the degree of control of the disease, which, in turn, affects the incidence of complications of pregnancy and childbirth, and the health of the newborn. The presented literature review analyzes recent publications on this issue.
Role of the gut microbiota in aging and maintenance
of active longevity. Part 1
Authors: Ratnikova А. , Grudina М. , Dikur О. , Ashikhmin Ya.
Published: February 2024

The role of intestinal microbiota in aging and maintaining active longevity is considered. The first part of the article describes the characteristics of a healthy microbiome, its changes during aging, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome of centenarians. The importance of high microbiome biodiversity in maintaining active longevity is emphasized. The role of intestinal permeability and new biomakers that assess its condition (including zonulin) in maintaining health and in the development of intestinal dysbiosis is revealed. Separate groups of microorganisms that are associated with longevity have been identified (such as Verrucomicrobia, which includes Akkermansia), and the important role of the Bacteroidetes – Firmicutes ratio has been noted. The influence of age-associated changes in the microbiome on health, the connection between changes in the microbiome and physical activity, the possibility of using microbiome analysis to predict biological age, and the correlation of microbiome composition with biomarkers of health and disease are discussed.
Hematological indicators as predictors of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Tatarintseva Z. , Kosmacheva Е. , Shyk А. , Batchaeva А.
Published: February 2024

Newly diagnosed postoperative atrial fibrillation (NDPAF) is one of the most common complications after cardiovascular surgery, provoking early and late complications, such as cardiovascular, thromboembolic complications, cerebral circulation disorders, prolonged hospital stay and repeated hospitalizations to the intensive care unit and hospital.
Objective. To identify biochemical and clinical predictors of NDPAF in patients who underwent open-heart surgery for any indication.
Materials and methods. The study included patients operated in the cardiac surgery department No.2 of the Research Institute – Prof. S.V. Ochapovsky Territorial Clinical Hospital One (Krasnodar) in the period from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021. During the analyzed period of time, open heart surgery was performed in 1503 patients, of whom 158 (10.5%) had NDPAF.
Results. Hematological/biochemical parameters include low levels of hemoglobin (<12.5 g/dl), hematocrit (<35%), erythrocytes (<4,2•1012/L), and high levels of lymphocytes (>3,0•109/L), bilirubin (20.5 mmol/L), creatinine
(115 mmol/L), urea (8.3 mmol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (>35 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (>55 U/L), C-reactive protein (>5 mg/L) were associated with an increased frequency of NDPAF in single-factor analysis (p<0.05 for all comparisons).
Conclusion. Hematological indicators can predict the risk of atrial fibrillation before surgery. The study of risk factors for NDPAF will allow to effectively influence them, thereby preventing the possibility of arrhythmia and improving the prognosis for postoperative complications and survival.
HISTORY OF PATIENTS WITH NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION
AND PRETERM BIRTH
Authors: Chernaya Е. , Kutefa Е.
Published: February 2024

Purpose. To study the anamnesis of patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection (NCI) and preterm birth (PB).
Material and methods. A retrospective study of the anamnesis of patients who underwent NCI in the second half of pregnancy and PB was carried out in the period from May 2020 to December 2021. The division into groups was carried out taking into account the timing of delivery: Group 1 (n=104) – term birth at 37 weeks of gestation and later; Group 2 (n=44) – PB from 22 to 36+6 weeks of gestation.
Results. The combination of diseases such as chronic bronchitis, maxillary sinusitis and bronchial asthma increased the risk of PB against the background of NCI by 3.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI] – 2.65–4.39). Among extragenital diseases, opisthorchiasis was detected 4.7 times more often in patients with PB (95% CI – 1.308–17.097). In group 2, compared with group 1, among pregnancy complications, moderate anemia was 6.5 times more likely to be observed (95% CI – 1.2–35.1). PB were due to the severe course of COVID pneumonia and its progression, the serious condition of the woman, which required the prescription of etiotropic therapy. In this regard, the probability of cesarean section in group 2 was 12.6 times higher (95% CI – 4.2–37.8) compared to group 1.
Sulodexide in clinical practice: possibilities and prospects of its use
Authors: Morozov А. , Sergeev А. , Boltik А. , Aslakhanova А. , Ispieva К.
Published: February 2024

Objective: to analyze up-to-date information about the efficiency of using sulodexide n clinical practice. Current publication on the efficacy and safety of sulodexide, as well as information on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency, microvascular angina, venous thromboembolic events, and diabetes mellitus have been sought for and analyzed Most clinical trials show that sulodexide exerts anti-inflammatory, endothelium-protective, and pleotrophic effects, by confirming its potential efficacy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, in particular chronic vein diseases, microvascular anginas, and venous thromboembolic events. Sulodexide as an additional therapy is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
MAIN METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF BЕТА-BLOCKER DRUGS
AND APPLICATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
IN THE ANALYSIS OF ANTIANGIOGENIC OINTMENTS ON TIZOL GEL (REVIEW)
Authors: Popova M.I.
Published: February 2024

Over th past decade, beta-blockers have shown their promise in the therapy of skin hemangiomas. Infantile hemangiomas are the most common soft tissue tumors occurring in 4-10% of children under the age of 1 year. Various methods are used to treat the disease: laser therapy, surgical exci-sion, cryodestruction, sclerosing, as well as conservative treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids and beta-blockers administered enterally, topi-cally, and externally. Pharmacotherapy with the use of application dosage forms of beta-receptor antagonists is considered to be the most effective and safe method. This approach to treatment has several advantages over the oral method of administration: first, the convenience and painlessness of use, and secondly, the local effect on the pathological process, hence reducing the risk of systemic side effects (bradycardia, hypotension, bron-chospasm, insomnia). All these advantages emphasize the relevance of the development of soft dosage forms of beta-blockers. The patent RU 2471500 C2 “Use of beta-blocker for preparing drug for treating hemangiomas” proposes atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, carvediol, metoprolol, nebivolol, propranolol and sotalol as antiangiogenic agents. The creation of soft dosage forms of beta-blockers with domestic transcutaneous enhancer Tizol gel is a solution to the problem of targeted delivery of active substances to the lesion site. For the development of new drugs, one of the most fundamen-tal areas of pharmaceutical science, pharmaceutical analysis, is of fundamental importance. The main objectives of pharmaceutical analysis are to determine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of medicines. This article provides a review of the main methods for the analysis of beta-blockers used for the effective quality control of medicines, as well as methods for identifying, quantifying, and biopharmaceutically analyzing new ointments based on Tizol gel.
METABOLIC PROFILE OF 4F-MDMB-BICA IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Kataev S.S. , Dvorskaya O.N. , Gofenberg M.A. , Pospelova A.A. , Tumilovich E.Yu.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the metabolic profile of the cannabimimetic 4F-MDMB-BICA in the urine of consumers and to identify markers of 4F-MDMB-BICA use using gas chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spec-trometry (LC-MS/ MS) in the urine of consumers of psychoactive substances, for chemical-toxicological and forensic chemical analysis. Material and methods. The study of urine samples of 4F-MDMB-BICA cannabimimetic users using enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection showed that the 4F-MDMB-BICA marker and, in some cases, its nor-metabolite are detected in the urine of consumers. The 4F-MDMB-BICA nor-metabolite is a common biotransformation product for the cannabimimetics 4F-MDMB-BICA and 5F-MDMB-PICA, resulting from the hydrolysis of the ester bond and N-dealkylation of the heterocyclic core. Results. 35 compounds were identified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, including the original parent 4F-MDMB-BICA, 31 metabolites of biotransformation phases I and II, and 3 metabolite artifacts; it was found that the latter are the product of intramolecular cyclization of 4F-MDMB-BICA metabolites. 16 previously undescribed compounds, including 15 metabolites and one artifact were identified. The putative structures, mass spectra and some characteristics of the identified compounds are given, including retention time, MRM transitions, and relative peak area of the substance. Conclusion. From the presented data, it can be seen that the main pathways of 4F-MDMB-BICA metabolism in the human body are hydrolysis of the ester group, hydroxylation of alkyl radicals and the heterocyclic core, oxidative defluorination, and N-dealkylation. The hydrolysis products of the ester bond and hydroxyl derivatives are subsequently conjugated with glucuronic acid.
CHALCONE ANALOGUES AS POTENTIAL MEDICINES OF PATHOGENETIC THERAPY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: IN VITRO SCREENING
Authors: Pozdnyakov D.I. , Vikhor A.A. , Rukovitsina V.M. , Oganesyan E.T. , Pleten A.P. , Prokopov A.A. , Tatarenko-Kozmina T.Yu.
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common forms of dementia, the pathogenesis of which is based on the accumulation of β–amyloid plaques in brain structures and the development of cholinergic deficiency. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chalcone analogues on the change in acetylcholinesterase activity and the process of β-amyloid aggregation in vitro. Material and methods. The tested compounds were six bis-substituted chalcone analogues, which were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide during the analysis to obtain double dilutions. The effect of the studied substances on the activity of acetylcholinesterase was evaluated by the modified Ellman method. The change in the aggregation process of β-amyloid particles was determined in reaction with congo red after 3, 6 and 9 days of incubation. Based on the obtained results of the «% inhibition- concentration» relationships, the IC50 index was calculated, which was expressed in mmol/ml. Results. In the course of the study, it was shown that the analyzed chalcone analogues inhibit the aggregation of β-amyloid particles starting from the 6th day of incubation with a maximum on the 9th day. At the same time, the compounds that showed the highest level of activity were trimethoxy-substituted substances under the codes AZBAX4 and AZBAX6, whose IC50 on the 9th day of the study was 21.4±0.928 mmol/ml and 32.4±0.456 mmol/ml, respectively. Also, a high level of anticholinesterase properties was established for these compounds with IC50 of 35.9±0.991mmol/ml and 25.1±0.261 mmol/ml, respectively. The rest of the tested compounds showed a lower level of activity. Conclusion. The study showed that chalcone analogues under the codes AZBAX4 and AZBAX6 inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the pro-cess of aggregation of β-amyloid in vitro, which makes these compounds promising for further study in order to develop medicines for the pathogenet-ic treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Iodine deficiency and modern possibilities of its prevention in adolescents
Authors: Kurmacheva N.A. , Chernenkov Yu.V. , Gumenyuk O.I. , Andreeva A.N.
Published: February 2024

Iodine deficiency is one of the most pressing problems of modern healthcare. Currently, there are 21 countries in the world where iodine deficiency in the diet of the population has been proven, but has not yet been eliminated. Russia is one of them due to the lack of a legislative framework for mass iodine prophylaxis in our country. The strategy for the elimination of iodine deficiency diseases on the scale of the Russian Federation is based on the adoption of a federal law providing for the use of iodized salt as a medium.
The strategy for the elimination of iodine deficiency diseases on the scale of the Russian Federation is based on the adoption of a federal law providing for the use of iodized salt as a means of population iodine prophylaxis. Currently, less than 30% of the population in Russia consumes iodized salt in their diet, while the target coverage in iodine-rich regions > 90% of households. In 2022, we conducted a survey of 269 adolescents aged 15–17 living in the Saratov Region and found that the share of families who regularly use YS for food was only 24,2%.
Most adolescents rarely eat seafood and do not take iodine-containing drugs, which indicates the ineffectiveness of the «voluntary» model of iodine prevention. In the absence of a federal law, the most important step towards solving the problem of combating iodine deficiency diseases should be the formation of a unified nationwide preventive process based on the appropriate regulatory framework in each constituent entity of Russia – the development and implementation of targeted regional programs for the prevention of diseases caused by iodine deficiency.
The study of the relationship between school children’s sleep duration, quality learning and school performance
Authors: Shiryaeva Ya.V. , Ostrovskaya I.V.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of the analysis of the relationship between sleep duration and the quality of learning of material by pupils in grades 5-9 of a comprehensive school. The analysis of the problem allowed to reveal the consequences of sleep disturbance in the context of schoolchildren’s academic performance and well-being.
The use of modern educational technologies in the training of midwives and nurses
Authors: Ponkina N.P. , Savina L.V. , Sizova T.V.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the experience of teachers in the training of future midwives and nurses and substantiates the need to use modern educational technologies in the educational process. Currently, the problem of training highly professional and competitive medical workers with secondary medical education in the labor market is becoming particularly relevant, since the requirements for the level of professional knowledge, skills and abilities of medical personnel are increasing every year. The main task of a teacher is not a simple transfer of knowledge, but the motivation of students to take initiative and find ways to apply the knowledge gained in solving various problematic tasks, the formation of a specialist’s personality capable of constant self-development. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that today’s students are representatives of the “digital generation”. These are people who cannot imagine themselves without the Internet, smartphone and social networks. “Buzzers” are more difficult to assimilate and remember information, because all the information is on the Internet. Many students do not know how to build and ask questions based on the material they have read. In the classroom, the teacher must comprehensively ensure the quality of the educational process using modern information technologies and active learning methods based on the principles of “learning through action”, which necessarily imply the development of independence for students. The more active the learning process, the more zoomers are involved in it. The insertion technique or technology of active reading helps students to understand, comprehend and remember the information received.
The use of various technologies in practical classes in obstetrics and gynecology that immerse students in professional activities, such as: solving situational problems, case-study, performing manipulations according to an algorithm, conducting role-playing games and lesson conferences, allows you to set an incentive and simulate the conditions for the formation of a specialist’s personality in teaching a future profession.
The participation of students in the organization and conduct of role-playing games increases their creative activity, contributes to the formation of professional and communicative competencies.
The modern educational technologies used by us in the educational process make it possible to lay the foundation for the professional competence of a specialist, to activate the cognitive activity of students, making them active participants in the educational process, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of professional training.
Children’s psychological resources to cope with psychic trauma
Authors: Solovyeva S.L.
Published: February 2024

The paper includes a review of the consequences for the child’s personality that follow from a psychic trauma that generates feelings of helplessness and dependence on others. There is a discussion of the psychological resources that the child develops in the process of his or her personality formation, as well as a discussion of the psychological defence mechanisms and coping processes that allow coping with hardships. Relationships with family members, mother, first of all, play a special role in the development of the child’s mental well-being.
PRIMEIROS PARQUES NACIONAIS DA AMÉRICA: Aspectos Históricos
Authors: Almeida David Figueiredo de , Pataca Ermelinda Moutinho
Published: February 2024

Neste texto, apresento aspectos gerais sobre a história da criação de alguns dos primeiros parques nacionais da América, como os de Yellowstone (PNY) e Itatiaia (PNI). Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que inclui noções sobre a origem das Áreas Protegidas, no contexto internacional, até o desembarque desta ideia no Brasil, assinalando suas principais motivações e personagens. A partir desta leitura, também aponto situações que, no meu ponto de vista, poderiam ser mais investigadas no âmbito da História da Ciência.
OS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO COMO INDÚSTRIA CULTURAL: contribuições de Adorno e Horkheimer
Authors:   , Silva Samuel Reboucos da
Published: February 2024

A monografia sobre “Os Meios de Comunicação como Industria Cultural: Contribuições de Adorno e Horkheimer”, é fundamentada na obra Dialética do Esclarecimento. No início, um breve histórico do pensamento filosófico que alavancou a Escola de Frankfurt na Alemanha e sua análise no âmbito da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade integrando os estudos de comunicação e cultura no contexto do estudo da sociedade capitalista, no século XX. Ademais, faz uma reflexão sobre o papel dos meios de comunicação e da cultura na sociedade e uma análise sobre o processo de desenvolvimento desses meios, desde a época de Adorno e Horkheimer (década de 1940) até a atualidade, destacando o uso do tempo livre, lazer numa relação com os meios de comunicação. Por fim, Indústria Cultural, suas relações com os meios de comunicação e o processo de globalização desses meios a partir dos avanços tecnológicos. Também, é realizada uma abordagem da Indústria Cultural nos dias de hoje, demonstrando as suas consequências positivas e negativas. Em suma, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a atuação da Indústria Cultural e a influência dos Meios de Comunicação no comportamento social, na contemporaneidade. Nesse sentido, entende-se que o conceito de Indústria Cultural é fundamental par entender o pensamento de Adorno e Horkheimer na Dialética do Esclarecimento.
Mercados ilícitos, crime organizado e os desafios da atuação da Polícia Militar
Authors: Ern Luciane da Rosa , Budke Gabriel Antonio Stersa
Published: February 2024

Esta obra surge da necessidade perene de compreender e enfrentar os desafios gerados pelos mercados ilícitos e pelo crime organizado no estado do Paraná. Ao longo das páginas desta obra, exploraremos de forma abrangente a complexidade desses problemas, bem como estratégias necessárias para combatê-los de maneira eficaz.
Nos últimos anos, temos observado um aumento significativo da criminalidade organizada e dos mercados ilícitos, representando uma ameaça constante à segurança e ao bem-estar da população paranaense. Diante desse cenário desafiador, a atuação da Polícia Militar torna-se imprescindível para garantir a ordem pública e proteger os cidadãos contra essas ameaças.
A todos os leitores, convido-os a embarcar nesta jornada, em busca de reflexões para embasar soluções eficazes e sustentáveis para os desafios enfrentados pelo estado do Paraná.
Ensino de zoologia e conhecimentos prévios sobre os animais: implicações conservacionistas
Authors: Almeida David Figueiredo de
Published: February 2024

Neste texto, são defendidas premissas que levam à conclusão de que o Ensino de Zoologia é uma importante ferramenta para a proteção dos animais, pautada na valorização de conhecimentos prévios de alunos da Educação Básica. Os dados, publicados em sua maioria pela primeira vez neste livro, são frutos de estudos desenvolvidos em escolas e comunidades do Estado do Amapá, localizado no extremo norte da Amazônia brasileira.
MAPEAMENTO SOBRE A UTILIZAÇÃO DE APLICATIVOS TRIDIMENSIONAIS EM AULAS DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ
Authors: Silva Carlos Alex
Published: February 2024

Aplicativos com recursos tridimensionais (3D) podem contribuir na maneira de transmitir e receber informações. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma Revisão Sistemática Literária (RSL) sobre artigos que abordem a utilização de aplicativos tridimensionais em aulas de biologia do ensino médio no estado do Ceará entre o período de 2017 até 2022. Para essa finalidade, foram definidas questões norteadoras, base de dados para buscas, desenvolvimento de string e de critérios de inclusão e exclusão de trabalhos relacionados ao tema proposto.
Cultural variability in pain perception: A review of cross-cultural studies
Authors: Chioma Anthonia Okolo  , Tolulope Olorunsogo  , Oloruntoba Babawarun
Published: February 2024

Pain perception is a complex phenomenon influenced by biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. This review presents a review of cross-cultural studies investigating the cultural variability in pain perception. Understanding how different cultures experience and express pain is crucial for providing effective healthcare interventions and improving patient outcomes. Cross-cultural research reveals significant variations in pain perception across different cultural groups. Cultural beliefs, values, and practices shape individuals' interpretation and expression of pain. Studies have shown that cultural norms dictate whether individuals express pain openly or suppress it, impacting their willingness to seek medical help and their response to pain management strategies. Furthermore, cultural differences in pain expression extend to non-verbal cues and pain-related behaviors. For instance, some cultures may perceive stoicism as a virtue, leading individuals to underreport their pain levels, while others may encourage vocal expressions of pain. These cultural nuances influence healthcare professionals' interpretation of patients' pain experiences and may lead to disparities in pain assessment and treatment. Moreover, cultural factors interact with biological mechanisms to modulate pain perception. Genetic predispositions and physiological differences contribute to variations in pain sensitivity among different ethnic groups. However, cultural factors such as coping mechanisms, social support networks, and cultural rituals also play a significant role in shaping individuals' pain experiences. The impact of culture on pain perception extends beyond individual differences to influence healthcare systems and policies. Cultural competency training for healthcare providers is essential to address disparities in pain management and ensure culturally sensitive care. Additionally, integrating cultural factors into pain assessment tools and treatment protocols can improve the accuracy of pain assessment and enhance patient care outcomes. Cultural variability significantly influences pain perception, expression, and management. Cross-cultural studies provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between culture, biology, and socio-cultural factors in shaping individuals' experiences of pain. Recognizing and addressing cultural differences in pain perception is essential for delivering equitable and effective healthcare services worldwide.
Colonização e genocídio: o caso dos indígenas Laklãnõ/Xokleng na colônia Grão-Pará
Authors: Szlachta Tatiane Soethe , Guimarães Geovan Martins
Published: February 2024

O presente trabalho aborda o genocídio dos povos indígenas Laklãnõ/Xokleng, durante os séculos XIX e XX, na Colônia Grão-Pará, localizada no Sul do Estado de Santa Catarina. Por muito tempo, predominaram as versões da história que trazem os indígenas como vítimas passivas do processo colonizatório e seu extermínio como fator necessário ao desenvolvimento. Os bugreiros, responsáveis diretos por sua eliminação física, foram vistos como heróis. Pouco enfoque se deu aos demais envolvidos no processo. Dessa forma, a pesquisa se faz necessária para que seja reconhecida a participação de diversos envolvidos no genocídio dos Laklãnõ/Xokleng. A pesquisa histórica de abordagem qualitativa adotou como procedimento de coleta de dados o levantamento bibliográfico, a partir das obras de autores da história regional, e a pesquisa documental com a análise nos arquivos Centro de Documentação Histórica Plínio Benício (CEDOHI) e Center for Research Libraries (CRL). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a participação dos diversos segmentos sociais no genocídio dos povos indígenas Laklãnõ/Xokleng na colônia Grão-Pará, entre os séculos XIX e XX. Como resultado, avaliamos que desde o início da colonização, os dirigentes da Empresa Colonizadora sabiam da presença Laklãnõ/Xokleng nas terras pertencentes a Colônia Grão-Pará. A atuação dos bugreiros se deu com o apoio direto e/ou indireto dos colonos, Empresa Colonizadora, Estado e polícia. Embora não tenham sido encontradas provas suficientes para o estabelecimento de um padrão, é possível concluir que não houve um único responsável pelo genocídio, mas a participação de diversos segmentos sociais.
Mulheres escritoras e a formação dos Estados Unidos (1790-1820)
Authors: Verona Stéfani Oliveira
Published: February 2024

Muitos debates ocorreram a respeito dos direitos políticos e da importância da educação para os cidadãos dos Estados Unidos durante o final do século XVIII, época em que as Treze Colônias conquistaram sua independência da Inglaterra. Havia uma grande disparidade nos discursos de igualdade proferidos na época - a exemplo da própria Declaração de Independência - e a realidade vivida pelas mulheres. Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender de que forma os textos publicados por Judith Murray, Catharine Macaulay, Mercy Otis Warren e Phillis Wheatley contribuíram para o debate sobre igualdade política, social e educacional durante o século XVIII. O método envolve a análise dos textos publicados por elas em paralelo ao contexto da época, ao surgimento das academias femininas e da formação dos primeiros círculos literários. Concluo que o cenário contribuiu para a construção de uma identidade nacional e as publicações para importantes mudanças na percepção política das mulheres, originando a Convenção de Sêneca Falls pelos seus direitos, em 1848.
Pronouncement for the Eleans
Authors: Zunino Maddalena Luisa
Published: February 2024

The ϝράτρα for the Eleians, like the others of its kind, is an oracle of the Olympian Zeus. In this particular case, the god orders that the foreigner – and secretary – Patrias must be treated as an Eleian if he is the victim of a curse. The prominence of the Eleians in the established judicial procedure and the use of whipping as a punishment suggest to locate the crime to be punished and the procedure itself (which also demonstrates a certain ‘Panhellenic’ capacity of the Eleians) in the sanctuary of Olympia. Furthermore, a closer examination of the space available on the tablet suggests a new integration of the lacuna at the beginning of line 9.
Epitaphs for Menas of Bithynia Fallen in Battle
Authors: Ortimini Pietro
Published: February 2024

The stele bears two epitaphs for the Bithynian officer Menas, who fell in battle most likely on the plain of Corupedium, near the Phrygian River, in Lydia. The stele is accompanied by a bas-relief, in which the battle scene described in the first epigram (ll. 5‑6) is depicted. The epitaphs are separated by ἄλλο. Regarding the identification of the battle, various hypotheses have been proposed, including the Battle of Corupedium between Lysimachus and Seleucus I (281 BC), the Battle of Magnesia between Rome and Antiochus III (190/189 BC), and the conflicts between the Kingdoms of Bithynia and Pergamon (208‑183 BC; 156‑154 BC).
Mathematical Representation Ability-Based Mathematical Contextual Problems of Sequences and Progression Material
Authors: Sri Wahyuning Lis Diana , Nida Sri Utami
Published: February 2024

This research objective is to analyze and explain the student’s capacity for mathematical representation based on mathematical contextual problems of arithmetic and geometric sequences and progression material. Students enrolled in SMA 1 Sukoharjo X.E10 were the subject of this research. The data collection process used interviews, tests, and documentation. This research used a descriptive research approach with a qualitative research type. Based on the findings of this research, students who have visual representation skills in mathematics are more likely to complete challenges that involve visuals, such as diagrams. Typically, mathematically symbolic representation-capable pupils utilize mathematical formulas and symbols to solve problems. Furthermore, students who have the ability to verbally represent mathematics have a tendency to encrypt problem-solving steps into words.
Research results of the screw dispenser of dry bulk feed components
Authors: Bulatov S. Yu. , Pronin A. N.
Published: February 2024

In the production of compound feeds, it is necessary to follow the recipe at the time of introducing all the necessary components, for which various types of dispensers are used. Currently, automatic dosing systems are widely used, providing increased dosing accuracy. However, individual settings of such systems are required for each component, which makes the work of operators harder. The article describes the design of a technical device containing a main and an additional screw and allowing components with different physical and mechanical properties to be weighed at the same tuning parameters. A brief description of the dispenser's workflow is given, the research factors and criteria for evaluating its work are listed. The influence of five factors was determined: the frequency setpoint of the dispensers n1, the pre-filling setpoint m, the setpoint for switching on the filling speed t, the frequency setpoint of the dispensers n2, the set weight of the suspension MZ on the dosing accuracy. At the first stage, the influence of the studied factors on grain dosing was determined. To do this, the Box-Benkin plan was implemented for five factors. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, a regression model was built, on the basis of which three combinations of factor values were determined, in which the grain dosing error by an additional dispenser screw was 0. At the next stage of the research, the accuracy of dosing chalk and salt was determined at the established combinations. It was revealed that salt dosing was carried out according to a pattern close to the grain curve, and the dosing error was within the permissible limits of 5%. As a result of the conducted studies, the best combination of factors was determined, in which the dosing error did not exceed the permissible value when weighing grain, salt and chalk: n1 = 30.3 Hz, t = 11.9 %; n2 = 40.9 % of n1 (12.42 Hz), MZ = 202.8 g. With these values of the studied parameters, it is possible to dose components with the permissible error of the weight of the suspension is over 200 g.
Variability of broomrape parasitizing on sunflower during its intensive cultivation in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Antonova T. S. , Araslanova N. M. , Iwebor M. V. , Saukova S. L.
Published: February 2024

Annual monitoring of broomrape seed infestation of fields over the last 15 years shows that despite the widespread distribution of race G, seeds of other, weaker races E and F remain in many fields. The aim of the research was to identify the racial belonging of broomrape seeds from fields in sunflower-growing regions of the Russian Federation and to describe new botanical characteristics in representatives of the most widespread race G of the parasite. To identify the races, there were used the internationally accepted sunflower differential lines LC 1093, P 96, resistant to races A to F, as well as the original line RG, which is immune to race G and all previous races, hybrid NK Brio (resistant to races A to E) and hybrid Tunka (resistant to races A to G). A highly aggressive parasite biotype (future race H) has so far been identified in small numbers in some fields in the Krasnodar, Stavropol, Rostov, Voronezh, Samara and Orenburg regions. Obviously, the continuation of intensive sunflower cultivation in these fields will lead to a rapid spread of race H in these regions. In addition to the racial diversity, frequent changes in plant habitus (bushy forms) were observed in some representatives of race G. For the first time, there has been demonstrated an overgrowth of the haustorial-tubercle area of the parasite and the formation of multiple stems from a single tubercle. This creates an advantage in the competition for food between adjacent broomrape individuals on the same sunflower root and ultimately accelerates and increases the seed production of the plant. The rapid evolution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. during the intensification of sunflower cultivation is expressed not only in the formation of new physiological races, but also in an accelerated increase in the seed productivity of the parasite by changing the habitus of the plants, including the haustorial-tubercle area.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBERLANJUTAN CLEANLINESS, HEALTH, SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (CHSE) PADA VILLA KEMARANG BANYUWANGI
Authors: Maharani Iftitarisa
Published: February 2024

Industri perhotelan merupakan salah satu sektor ekonomi yang mengalami pertumbuhan pesat seiring dengan meningkatnya mobilitas global dan pariwisata. Industri perhotelan juga menghadapi tantangan yang semakin kompleks, terutama terkait dengan isu-isu Cleanliness, Health, Safety, Environmental Sustainability (CHSE). Industri perhotelan menghadapi tantangan yang semakin kompleks dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, perlindungan lingkungan, dan kesejahteraan sosial. CHSE merupakan kerangka kerja penting yang merangkul konsep kebersihan, kesehatan, keselamatan, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan, yang semakin diakui sebagai elemen integral dari operasi hotel dan villa yang sukses dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi Cleanliness, Health, Safety, Environmental Sustainability (CHSE) pada Villa Kemarang Banyuwangi dengan penekanan pada keberlanjutan. Melalui metode kualitatif, penelitian ini mendokumentasikan praktik CHSE yang umumnya diterapkan di sektor perhotelan khususnya pada Villa Kemarang dan dampaknya pada lingkungan dan masyarakat setempat. Industri perhotelan menghadapi tantangan dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, perlindungan lingkungan, dan kesejahteraan sosial. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa praktik CHSE efektif yang diterapkan oleh Villa Kemarang dapat meningkatkan kualitas layanan, mengurangi dampak lingkungan, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan karyawan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik Cleanliness, Health, Safety, Environmental Sustainability (CHSE) pada Villa Kemarang Banyuwangi telah diimplementasikan secara luas dalam operasionalnya. Implikasi kebijakan dan rekomendasi praktis disajikan untuk memperkuat dan memperluas penerapan CHSE dalam industri perhotelan.
Global Pipeline of Innovative Medicinal Products: A Narrative Review
Authors: Merkulov V. A. , Yagudina R. I. , Serpik V. G.
Published: February 2024

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. The rapid expansion of the range of medicines in the global pharmaceutical market determines the importance of periodically reviewing the range of innovative medicines and products at various stages of development.

AIM. This study aimed to determine the main trends in the development of innovative medicines.

DISCUSSION. This review presents information on the therapeutic effects and value of innovative medicinal products, outlines current approaches to their authorisation, and addresses the increase in their costs. The authors used information search, content analysis, and horizon scanning methods to prepare this narrative review. The review describes the global pharmaceutical pipeline for the second half of 2023, both generally and by specific aspects. The authors determined that over 21,000 pharmaceutical products were in development at the time, with approximately 23% of those in the later stages of development (from phase III clinical trials to the registration stage). The predominant indications for use were cancers. The authors separately reviewed innovations in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as gene, cell, and RNA therapies.

CONCLUSIONS. A significant number of innovative pipeline medicines have a high likelihood of changing the landscape of current approaches to disease treatment, prevention, and diagnosis. With the rising costs of innovative medicinal products, the potential for change underscores the importance of introducing predictive tools, such as horizon scanning, into the national healthcare system.