bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deterministic features of terrorism in modern Russia
Authors: Sagaidak Albina , Korsikova Natalia
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the criminological analysis of the causes and conditions conducive to the manifestation of crimes of a terrorism nature in the Russian Federation? Focusing on the activities of the internal affairs bodies in countering terrorism. The coat characteristic of quantitative indicators of crimes of a terrorist nature for 2015-2018 is given. The article summarizes the scientific experience of studying the main factors causing terrorist manifestations in the Russian Federation. The authors focus on the ode of the main factors contributing to terrorism in the Russian Federation - the presence of radical groups that promote their ideology among the teenage generation. The authors determined the place of the «Concept of the State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for 2019-2025» in the system of prevention of modern terrorism, and also analyzed the main legal acts that are the legal «foundation» in this area. The content of the opposition implemented by the internal affairs bodies is emphasized.
Features of signs of the crime object provided by article 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kharlamova Alena , Belik Yuliya
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the problematic theoretical and practical issues of the content of the signs of the object of the crimes under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code. The authors determined the main direct object, revealed the essence of the right of ownership, use and disposal. Marked social relations that can act as an optional direct object. Particular attention is paid in the article to the subject of the crime. Attempts have been made to establish criteria that are crucial for the recognition of any vehicle as the subject of theft. The content of the terms “automobile” and “other vehicle” is disclosed. The analysis of the conformity of the literal interpretation of the criminal law to the interpretation of the law enforcer is carried out. It is summarized that the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation narrows the meaning of the term “other vehicle”, including in it only vehicles for the management of which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, is granted a special right. The authors provide a list of such vehicles and formulate a conclusion on the advisability of specifying them as the subject of a crime. The narration of the article is accompanied by examples of decisions of courts of various instances in cases of crimes under Art. 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Theoretical heritage of E. N. Berendts – contribution to the development of Russian police and legal theory
Authors: Nizhnik Nadezhda , Nikiforova Slavyana
Published: July 2019

The authors note that in modern historical and legal science, a new research direction has emerged – politsiyevedeniye. At the same time, an important part of the history of the police, the history of state administration and the history of the state legal system – the police and legal theory is still not fully understood. The main stages of the formation and evolution of the police and legal theory in Russia are described in the article. It is concluded that an important contribution to the development of the police and legal theory was made by a prominent scientist, public and statesman Eduard N. Berendts (1860–1930). The study of the theoretical heritage of E. N. Berendts by modern researchers and the range of sources necessary for its comprehension are characterized. Attention is focused on the state and legal views of E. N. Berends, his contribution to the development of national polyceistics and scientific problems that need to be solved for a comprehensive description of the police and legal theory in Russia.
GAMBARAN PROFIL LIPID PADA SISWA OBESE DI SMP NEGERI 1 MANADO
Authors: Iksan Astrid Noviera , Manampiring Aaltje , . Fatimawali
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Obesity is an abnormal condition of fat accumulation that can disrupt our health. Obesity problem experienced by some groups of people, one of them is teenager. Blood lipid profile level in obesity children is similar to lipid profile in cardiovascular disease and obesity children also had higher risk of hypertension. Lipid profile is a condition of blood lipid observed by cholesterol total such as LDL, HDL and triglyceride. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, obesity categorized if waist circumference ≥90 cm for male and ≥80 for female. The objective is to determine overview of lipid profile in obese student of SMP Negeri 1 Manado. The research used observational method with cross sectional study, which obesity measured by waist circumference and laboratory results of blood lipid profile level.Based on the waist circumference in 371 populations, there were 97 students included to obesity category and by 97 students, only 13 obesity students took part in the research. There were 2 (15,3%) students had total cholesterol level above normal, 3 (23,1%) students had LDL level above normal, 1 (7,7%) student had HDL level below normal and 2 (15,4%) students hadtriglyceride level above normal.Keywords: obesity, student, adolescents, lipid profile, SMP Negeri 1 ManadoAbstrak: Obesitas merupakan keadaan abnormal penumpukan lemak yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Masalah obesitas banyak dialami oleh beberapa golongan masyarakat salah satunya remaja. Kadar profil lipid darah pada anak obesitas menyerupai profil lipid pada penyakit kardiovaskular dan anak yang obesitas mempunyai risiko hipertensi lebih besar. Profil lipid adalah keadaan lemak darah yang ditinjau dari kandungan total kolestrol dalam darah, LDL, HDL dan Trigliserida. Sesuai kriteria International Diabetes federation (IDF) dikategorikan obesitas jika nilai lingkar pinggang ≥90 cm untuk laki-laki dan ≥80 cm pada perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada siswa obesitas di SMP Negeri 1 Manado.Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode observasional dengan desain crosssectional study, dimana obesitas diukur berdasarkan lingkar pinggang dan kadar profil lipid di periksa di laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan lingkar pinggang pada 371 populasi didapatkan 97 siswa termasuk dalam kategori obesitas dan dari 97 siswa tersebut hanya 13 siswa yang bersedia untuk melakukan pemeriksaan profil lipid. Dari hasil pemeriksaan tersebut didapatkan 2 (15.3%) siswa obesitas memiliki kadar kolestrol total diatas normal, 3 (23.1%) siswa obesitas memiliki kadar LDL diatas normal, 1 (7.7%) siswa obesitas memiliki kadar HDL dibawah normal, dan 2 (15.4%) siswa obesitas memiliki kadar Trigliserida diatas normal. KataKunci : obesitas, siswa, remaja, profil lipid, SMP Negeri 1 Manado
UJI EFEK EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Cahya Bimbi Putri , Mambo Christi , Wowor Mona P.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Garlic (A. sativumL.) is one of many herbal medicine that have been used worldwide to prevent and treat a lot of disease, for example to treat diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of garlic bulbs extract administration on elevated blood glucose levels on Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) induced by alloxan. The subjects inthis research were male Wistar rats with total of 18 samples divided into six groups as follows negative control group and five hyperglycemic groups induced by 130 mg/kgBW of alloxan. Garlic bulbs extract was administered with dose of 3 mg/200 gBW of rat, 6 mg/200 gBW of rats, and 12 mg/200 gBW on each groups of hyperglycemic rats, insulin analogue was administered on positive control groups of hyperglycemic rats, and only alloxan was given to the last group. Blood glucose levels was measured on day zero, day one and day two every six hours on 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24. Data from the measurement showed that 6 mg/200 gBW and 12 mg/200 gBW of garlic bulbs extract can reduce elevated blood glucose levels on Wistar rats. Garlic bulbs extract has shown effect on reducing elevated blood glucose levels on Wistar rats induced by alloxan.Keywords: Allium sativum L., Garlic Bulbs, Blood Glucose Levels, AlloxanAbstrak: Bawang putih (A. Sativum L.) diyakini masyarakat sebagai salah satu tanaman obat yang mampu mencegah dan mengobati berbagai penyakit, salah satunya diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang putih dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus Wistar (R. norvegicus) yang diinduksi aloksan. Subjek penelitian berupa tikus Wistar jantan berjumlah 18 ekor yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, terdiri atas satu kelompok kontrol negatif dan lima kelompok tikus Wistar yang diberi aloksan dengan dosis 130 mg/kgBB yang menyebabkan tikus Wistar dalam keadaan hiperglikemik. Tikus hiperglikemik diberi ekstrak umbi bawang putih dengan dosis 3 mg/200 gBB tikus, 6 mg/200 gBB tikus, dan 12 mg/200 gBB tikus, kelompok kontrol positif diberi analog insulin, dan satu kelompok hanya diberi aloksan. Data diperoleh dari pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah pada semua kelompok tikus Wistar pada hari ke nol, pertama, dan kedua pada jam ke-0, 6, 12, 18, dan 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak umbi bawang putih dengan dosis 6 mg/200 gBB tikus dan 12 mg/200 gBB tikus mempunyai efek menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus Wistar.Kata kunci: Allium sativum L., Umbi Bawang Putih, Kadar Glukosa Darah, Aloksan
PENGARUH MEROKOK TERHADAP FUNGSI EREKSI PRIA
Authors: Hasan Nurbaiti M. S. , Tendean Lydia , Wantouw Benny
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Every year in Indonesia 199 billion cigarettes were consumed, caused 5 million people died. If this event can’t be prevent, the mortality rate will be increase in twice closed to 10 million people each year in 2020. Smoking can make a lot of health problem, include erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of smoking on male’s erectile function. This is a descriptive observation study that was conducted in Malalayang Station, District Malalayang, Manado City. There were 50 males who participated in this study. Erectile function was assessed using IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function-5). This study shows that most of the 50 men who participated in this study reported a disfunction in erectile function. As much as 2% men had severe dysfunction, 33% have moderate dysfunction, 38% have mild to moderate dysfunction, and 38% have mild dysfunction. Based on our findings, we concluded that smoking affects the incidence of erectile dysfunction.Keywords: cigarette, erectile dysfunction.Abstrak :Konsumsi rokok Indonesia setiap tahun mencapai 199 milia rbatang rokok, akibatnya terjadi kematian 5 juta orang pertahunnya, bila hal ini tidak dapat dicegah maka jumlah kematian akan meningkat 2 kali mendekati 10 juta orang pertahun pada Merokok dapat menyebabkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan salah satunya adalah disfungs iereksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahu ipengaruh merokok terhadap fungsi ereksi pria. Penelitiaan dilakukan di Terminal Malalayang, Kecamatan Malalayang, Kota Manado dengan jumlah sampel 50 orang perokok. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional deskriptif. Fungsi ereksi dapat dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function).Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 50 pria perokok seluruhnya mengalami disfungsi ereksi, yaitu pria dengan disfungsi ereksi berat 2%, disfungsi ereksi sedang 33%, disfungsi ereksi sedang-ringan 38%, dan disfungsi ereksi ringan 38%. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa merokok berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya disfungsi ereksi pria.Kata kunci: rokok, disfungsi ereksi.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN UMBI BENGKUANG (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban) TERHADAP JUMLAH PIGMEN MELANIN KULIT MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIPAPARKAN SINAR MATAHARI
Authors: I H Siti Fitrah , Lintong Poppy M. , Loho Lily L.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Exposure to sunlight causes melanocytes activity increased so as to increase the production of melanin pigment. Yam (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban ) contains vitamin C and starch that are opaque can be used to protect the skin from sun exposure. This study aimed to determine the effect of yam tubers to the amount of melanin pigment of skin of mice exposed to sunlight. The method used in this study is an experimental laboratory to the subject of 20 mice were divided into 4 groups. A group is a negative control, B group mice were given exposure to the sun for 20 days. C group mice jicama juice smeared then exposed to sunlight for 20 days, group D mice exposed to sunlight and then stopped after 20 days followed by administration of yam 10 days. The results of group A has an average number of pigment 7, group B 89.5, group C 36, and group D 7,5. In conclusion exposure to sunlight increases the amount of melanin pigment and giving yam decreases the amount of melanin pigment.Keywords: sunlight, yam, melanin pigmentAbstrak: Paparan sinar matahari menyebabkan aktivitas melanosit meningkat sehingga dapat menambah produksi pigmen melanin. Bengkuang (Pachyrrhizus erosus l urban) mengandung vitamin C dan pati yang bersifat opaque dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melindungi kulit dari paparan sinar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian umbi bengkuang terhadap jumlah pigmen melanin kulit mencit yang dipaparkan sinar matahari. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah experimental laboratorik dengan subjek 20 ekor mencit yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok A merupakan kontrol negatif, kelompok B mencit diberi paparan sinar matahari selama 20 hari. Kelompok C mencit dioleskan jus bengkuang lalu dipaparkan sinar matahari selama 20 hari, kelompok D mencit dipaparkan sinar matahari lalu dihentikan setelah 20 hari dilanjutkan dengan pemberian bengkuang 10 hari. Hasilnya kelompok A memiliki jumlah pigmen rata-rata 7, kelompok B 89,5, kelompok C 36, dan kelompok D 7,5. Kesimpulannya paparan sinar matahari meningkatkan jumlah pigmen melanin dan pemberian bengkuang menurunkan jumlah pigmen melanin.Kata kunci: sinar matahari, bengkuang, pigmen melanin
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Tinta Cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Mangindaan Rocky J. , Mintjelungan Christy N. , Pangemanan Damajanty H. C.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Dental caries is still a health problem in Indonesia. There are several factors that play some important roles in the occurence of caries, as follows: microorganism, host, food, and time. Streptococcus mutans is one of the microorganisms that cause caries. Squid ink contains melanin which has an active compound to inhibit microbial activity. This study was aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of squid ink extract (Loligo sp) on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This was a laboratory experimental study, with a post test only control group design. The results showed that the mean diameter of the inhibitory zones of the squid ink extract (Loligo sp) was 10.50 mm which was categorized as strong inhibition (Davis and Stout criteria). In conclusion, the squid ink extract (Loligo sp) had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.Keywords: squid ink extract (Loligo sp), Streptococcus mutans, zone of inhibitionAbstrak: Karies gigi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Indonesia. Faktor-faktor penyebab karies gigi yaitu mikroba, pejamu, makanan, dan waktu. Salah satu mikroba penyebab karies ialah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Tinta cumi-cumi mengandung melanin yang memiliki senyawa aktif untuk menghambat aktivitas mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik, dengan post test only control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diameter rerata zona hambat dari ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) sebesar 10,50 mm dan digolongkan dalam kategori kuat (kriteria Davis dan Stout). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) memiliki daya hambat yang kuat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans.Kata kunci: ekstrak tinta cumi-cumi (Loligo Sp), Streptococcus mutans, zona hambat
Perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai
Authors: Jacobus Marianne C. , Mantik Max F.J , Umboh Adrian .
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Haemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells that serves as a transporter of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. The normal range of haemoglobin values can be used to determine the degree of anemia according to age and gender. Geographical condition such as altitude influences the haemoglobin value. This study aimed to obtain the difference of haemoglobin levels between teenagers with good nutrition status who live at the highland and those at the seaside. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were students with good nutrition status of SMPN 3 Tomohon (living at the highland) and those of SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting (living at the seaside). There were 60 students who met the inclusion criteria as follows: adolescent, good nutrition status, healthy, aged 13-15 years, lived at the highland or at the seaside ≥ 6 month, and willing to be performed blood examinations, and had been approved by their parents. The Mann-Whitney test for the difference between haemoglobin levels of the two groups showed a p value < 0,001. Conclusion: There was a very significant difference between haemoglobin levels of good nutrition teenagers who lived at the highland and at the seaside. Keywords: haemoglobin levels, good nutrition, teenagers, highland, seaside  Abstrak: Hemoglobin merupakan komponen utama sel darah merah dan berfungsi sebagai transporter oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam darah. Batas normal nilai hemoglobin dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan derajat anemia, dengan distribusi usia dan jenis kelamin spesifik didasarkan pada sampel referensi sehat. Kondisi geografis, seperti ketinggian tempat dari permukaan laut menjadi faktor pertimbangan dalam distribusi nilai normal hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai. Jenis penelitian ini analitik-observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan yaitu siswa SMPN 3 Tomohon dan yang di tepi pantai yaitu siswa SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 60 remaja yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu gizi baik, sehat, berumur 13-15 tahun, berdomisili di pegunungan atau tepi pantai ≥6 bulan, bersedia dilakukan pemeriksaan darah, dan telah disetujui oleh orang tua. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney mengenai perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan nila p <0,001. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna kadar hemoglobin remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan di tepi pantai.Kata kunci: kadar hemoglobin, remaja gizi baik, pegunungan, tepi pantai
Gambaran nyeri kepala pada mahasiswa pemain game komputer di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2012
Authors: Rori Andre Alexander , Tumboimbela Melke J. , Kembuan Mieke A.H.N
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Headache or cephalalgia is a sensation of pain on the head to neck. Headache is divided into primary headache disorders and secondary headache disorders. Playing computer games is one of the university students’ usual activities. However, it can be a risk factor contributor for both types of headache. This study aimed to obtain the headache patterns and representations among university students who played computer games. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using questionairre . The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with N=50. Data were analyzed by using frequency tables and cross tabulations. The results showed that there were 44 university students (88%) experienced headache while playing or at the moment after playing computer game. Mild pain level was the most experienced symptom, as many as 28 university students (56%). The patterns and other headache symptoms were categorized in tension-type (60%), migraine (28%), and no headache (12%). Keywords: headache, computer gamer, university student. Abstrak: Nyeri kepala atau cephalalgia adalah sensasi nyeri di bagian kepala hingga batas leher. Nyeri kepala terbagi atas nyeri kepala primer dan nyeri kepala sekunder. Bermain game komputer merupakan salah satu aktivitas yang sering dilakukan mahasiswa dan dapat menjadi kontributor faktor risiko terjadinya kedua tipe nyeri kepala tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran nyeri kepala pada mahasiswa pemain game komputer. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik sampling yang digunakan ialah non-probability sampling yaitu consecutive sampling dengan N=50. Data dianalisis menggunakan tabel frekuensi dan cross tabulation. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 44 mahasiswa (88%) mengalami nyeri kepala selama atau sesaat setelah bermain game komputer. Derajat nyeri ringan merupakan yang paling banyak dialami, yaitu dialami oleh 28 mahasiswa (56%). Gambaran dan gejala nyeri kepala lainnya dikelompokkan dan mengarah ke nyeri kepala tipe tensi sebanyak 60%, tipe migraine 28%, dan sisanya 12% tidak nyeri kepalaKata kunci: nyeri kepala, pemain game komputer, mahasiswa
Karateristik perawat di Irina F RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado yang mengalami keluhan nyeri punggung bawah
Authors: Goni Naftalia T.S. , Khosama Herlyani , Tumboimbela Melke J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Low back pain is a clinical syndrome characterized by major symptoms of pain or other uncomfortable feelings in the lower spine. Low back pain is the leading cause of activity limitation and work absence world-wide. This study aimed to obtain the characteristics of nurses in Irina F Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado who had low back pain. This was a prospective descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were 43 respondents. The results showed that of 50 respondents there were 43 respondents who suffered from low back pain. Of 43 respondents there were 14 male nurses (32.5%), and 29 female nurses (67.5%). Low back pain was suffered by 16 nurses (37,2%) aged 23-29 years, 19 nurses (44.2%) aged 30-39 years, two nurses (4.6%) aged 40-49 years, and six nurses (14%) aged 50-57 years. There were 16 nurses (37.2%) who had worked less than 5 years, and 27 nurses (72.8%) who had worked more than 5 years. There were seven nurses (16.3%) who had working time <8 hours a day, and 36 nurses (83.7%) who had working time >8 hours a day. Keywords: low back pain, nurse Abstrak: Nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) adalah sindroma klinik yang ditandai dengan gejala utama nyeri atau perasaan lain yang tidak enak di daerah tulang punggung bagian bawah. NPB merupakan penyebab utama dari keterbatasan aktivitas dan absen pekerjaan di sebagian besar dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik perawat di Irina F RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif prospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel diperoleh sebanyak 43 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 50 responden terdapat 43 responden (86%) yang pernah mengalami keluhan NPB. Dari 43 responden terdapat 14 perawat laki-laki (32,5%) dan 29 perawat perempuan (67,5%). NPB dialami oleh 16 perawat (37,2%) berusia 23-29 tahun, 19 perawat (44,2%) berusia 30-39 tahun, 2 perawat (4,6%) berusia 40-49 tahun, dan 6 perawat (14%) berusia 50-57 tahun. Terdapat 16 perawat (37,2%) yang memiliki masa kerja <5 tahun, dan 27 perawat (62,8%) memiliki masa kerja >5 tahun. Terdapat 7 perawat (16,3%) yang memiliki lama kerja <8 jam sehari, dan 36 perawat (83,7%) memiliki lama kerja >8 jam sehari.Kata kunci: nyeri punggung bawah, perawat
Motilitas spermatozoa pasca ejakulasi terkait kepentingan forensik pasca tindak kekerasan seksual
Authors: Rondonuwu Hermanus , Mallo Johannis F. , Kristanto Erwin G.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: The increasing number of sexual violence against women results in increasing number of requests from victims to prove that the sexual violence had occured. One of the examinations that is commonly used is sperm motility. This study aimed to determine the duration of spermatozoa motility post-ejaculation related to forensic importance. The results showed that there were as many as 30 samples of sperm after ejaculation. Microscopically, at the third hour it was clearly observed that half of the samples (50%) did not show any motility at room temperature. At the fourth hour, only 13% of samples (4 out of 30 samples) still showed spermatozoa motility. At the fifth till the eight hours all sperm samples did not show any spermatozoa motility. Conclusion: About 50% of spermatozoa could maintain their motility until 3 hours and a small part of them still showed motility until 4 hours at room temperature.Keywords: sperm motility, post ejaculation, sexual violence, forensic analysis. Abstrak: Semakin maraknya jumlah kekerasan seksual yang terjadi terhadap wanita maka semakin bertambah pula jumlah permintaan dari para korban untuk melakukan pemeriksaan guna membuktikan bahwa benar telah terjadinya kekerasan seksual. Salah satu jenis pemeriksaan yang sering digunakan ialah pemeriksaan motilitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lamanya motilitas spermatozoa pasca ejakulasi terkait kepentingan analisis forensik. Hasil penelitian melibatkan 30 sampel sperma pasca ejakulasi. Dari hasil pemeriksaan diperoleh bahwa pada jam ke-3 sangat jelas terlihat setengah (50%) dari sampel yang ada sudah tidak menunjukkan kemampuan motilitas lagi dalam suhu kamar. Pada jam ke-4 jumlah sampel sperma yang masih motil hanya tersisa 13% (4 dari 30 sampel), sedangkan pada jam ke-5 hingga jam ke-8, keseluruhan sampel sperma sudah tidak motil lagi. Simpulan: Sekitar 50% spermatozoa mampu mempertahankan motilitas selama 3 jam, dan hanya sebagian kecil spermatozoa yang mampu mempertahankan motilitasnya maksimal selama 4 jam dalam suhu kamar. Kata kunci: motilitas spermatozoa, pasca ejakulasi, kekerasan seksual
SHORT TANDEM REPEATS (STRs) AS A PRIMARY METHOD FOR PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (A Case Report)
Authors: Mallo Johannis
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Mayat seorang perempuan tak dikenal yang ditemukan di daerah Malalayang dibawa oleh polisi ke Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof.dr.R.D Kandou. Mayat tersebut telah mengalami proses awal pembusukan. Selain itu pihak kepolisian mengalami kesulitan untuk menentukan identitas mayat tersebut serta menemukan keluarganya. Demi pengungkapan kejadian yang menyebabkan kematian perempuan tak dikenal ini, terlebih dahulu polisi harus dapat menentukan identitas mayat. Melalui data medis yang dikumpulkan dari proses autopsi forensik, digabungkan dengan daftar orang hilang yang dibuat oleh kantor kepolisian Sektor Malalayang dan Kepolisian Kota Besar Manado, ditemukan kecocokan data yang merujuk pada seorang perempuan yang dilaporkan hilang oleh keluarganya. Polisi kemudian meminta pemeriksaan identifikasi melalui metode analisis DNA untuk membandingkan DNA mayat dengan DNA individu-individu yang mengaku sebagai keluarga korban. Pada saat autopsi forensik, diambil sampel tulang padat iga kanan dan kiri sepanjang 10 cm dari mayat. Sebagai pembanding diambil apusan mukosa pipi dan 2 cc darah tepi dari individu-individu yang diduga ayah dan adik kandung dari mayat yang ditemukan. Proses ekstraksi, kuantifikasi, PCR, dan proses analisis akan dilakukan di Pusat Laboratorium Forensik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Kata kunci: identitas mayat, identifikasi DNA, PCR, STR.     Abstract: Ms X’s corpse was brought to Prof.R.D Kandou general hospital by police officers. Ms X was found in Malalayang without any identity attached to her body. Her body had begun to decompose, and the police had difficulties in finding Ms X’s relatives. In order to uncover the case behind Ms X’s death, the police had to first discover the true identity of Ms X. Medical data was acquired during an autopsy, and from a list that the police made, a match was found in a report of missing persons when two data were compared. The Police requested a paternity DNA examination in order to have a positive identification of Ms X. During the forensic autopsy of Ms X, 10 cm of left and right costal compact bones were obtained. Buccal swabs were made and 2 cc of peripheral blood were taken, each from the suspected father and a suspected sister of Ms X. Extraction, quantification, PCR, and the analysis was made at Pusat Laboratorium Forensik Kepolisian Republik Indonesia the main Police Forensic Laboratory of Indonesia. PCR involves 13 to 15 of nuclear STR loci, and the analyzing process of the samples involves comparing the 13 to 15 nuclear STR loci of the 3 people. If a match is found with 99% accuracy, then identification is verified. The Paternity Index indicates the greatest possibility that the suspected father is the real father of Ms X, compared to other males in the Asian / Indonesian Population.1 Keywords: corpse identity,  DNA identification, PCR, STR.
SOCIAL SKILL TRAINING PADA PENYANDANG SKIZOFRENIA
Authors: Dundu Anita E.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Besides psychotic symptoms, schizophrenic patients also show alterations in cognitive function, verbal information, and emotional response, due to disturbances of interpersonal interaction. The impact of all of these is the disturbance in social function. Treatment of schizophrenic patients with psychopharmacotherapy can only suppress the symptoms, but it can not overcome the functional deficit. For this reason, combination of psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and social rehabilitationin is introduced to obtain a better result in schizophrenic management. Social skill training is a part of the social rehabilitation that is very useful in improving the patients’ quality of life in preparing them to be functional in their society. Key words: schizophrenia, social rehabilitation, social skill training.  Abstrak: Pada penyandang skizofrenia selain gejala-gejala psikotik juga terdapat perubahan dalam fungsi kognisi, informasi verbal dan respon emosi akibat terganggunya interaksi interpersonal, yang berdampak gangguan dalam fungsi sosial. Pengobatan skizofrenia dengan menggunakan psikofarmaka hanya dapat menekan gejala-gejala penyakit ini tetapi tidak dapat mengatasi defisit fungsional. Untuk hal ini, pada pengobatan skizofrenia terkini digunakan kombinasi psikofarmaka, psikoterapi dan rehabilitasi sosial. Social skill training merupakan salah satu bagian dari rehabilitasi sosial yang bermanfaat meningkatkan kwalitas hidup dalam mempersiapkan penyandang skizofrenia  untuk dapat berfungsi kembali dalam masyarakat. Kata kunci: skizofrenia, rehabilitasi sosial, social skill training.
ADIPOGENESIS TUMBUH KEMBANG ADIPOSIT
Authors: Wangko William S. , Wangko Sunny
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Adipogenesis is defined as the growth and development of adipose tissue, which includes proliferation of adipose tissue cells and differentiation of these cells to become mature adipocytes. It is assumed that adipocytes are derived from multipotent messenchymal cells, fibroblasts, and resident adipocyte precursors in adipose tissues. Besides having genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and environmental factors, the progress of adipogenesis is influenced by angiogenesis and a variety of modulators (stimulators and inhibitors). Imbalance of all of these will trigger the formation of  excessive adipose tissues, the result being obesity and its co-morbids. Adipose tissues can be used in accelerating  the healing process of old wounds, revascularization of ischemic tissues, and in ongoing research as sources of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction. Key words: adipogenesis, adipocyte, proliferation, differentiation   Abstrak: Adipogenesis merupakan proses tumbuh kembang jaringan adiposa yang meliputi proliferasi sel jaringan adiposa dan diferensiasinya menjadi adiposit dewasa. Sel adiposit diduga dapat berasal dari sel mesenkim multipoten, fibroblas, dan sel prekursor adiposit di dalam jaringan adiposa yang bertahan sepanjang hidup. Selain faktor genetik,  nutrisi, hormonal dan lingkungan, perlangsungan adipogenesis juga dipengaruhi oleh angiogenesis serta berbagai modulator, baik yang bersifat stimulasi maupun inhibisi. Ketidakseimbangan yang terjadi pada kerja faktor-faktor tersebut dapat memicu pembentukan jaringan adiposa yang berlebihan, yang berakibat terjadinya obesitas berserta komorbidnya. Pemanfaatan jaringan adiposa telah dilakukan pada beberapa hal, antara lain mempercepat penyembuhan luka lama dan revaskularisasi jaringan iskemik. Walaupun masih dalam taraf penelitian, sel-sel jaringan adiposa telah dipertimbangkan sebagai sumber kardiomiosit pada infark jantung. Kata kunci: adipogenesis, adiposit, proliferasi, diferensiasi
DETEKSI DINI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN ANTIGEN NS1
Authors: Wowor Mayer F.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Efficient and accurate diagnosis of dengue is of primary importance for clinical care, surveillance activities, outbreak control, pathogenesis, academic research, vaccine development, and clinical trials. Laboratory diagnostic methods for confirming dengue virus infection may involve detection of the viruses, viral nucleic acids, antigens and antibodies, or a combination of these techniques. After the onset of illness, the virus can be detected in serum, plasma, circulating blood cells, and other tissues for 4–5 days. During the early stage of the disease, virus isolation and the detection of viral nucleic acids or antigens, can be used to confirm the diagnosis of dengue infection. NS1 antigen appears as early as day 1 after the onset of fever, and declines to undetectable levels after day 5–6. At the end of the acute phase of infection, a serological test is the method of choice for diagnosis. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been developed to support patient management and disease control. The choice of diagnostic method depends on the purpose for which the test is done, available  laboratory facilities and technical expertise, costs, and the time of sample collection. Keywords: laboratory diagnostic methods, acute phase, NS1 antigen     Abstrak: Diagnosis dengue yang efisien dan akurat adalah hal yang paling penting  untuk proses perawatan di klinik, aktivitas surveilens, kontrol penularan penyakit, patogenesis, penelitian akademik, pengembangan vaksin dan percobaan-percobaan klinis. Metode diagnosis laboratorium untuk mengonfirmasi adanya infeksi virus dengue dapat meliputi deteksi virus dengue, asam nukleat virus, antigen dan antibodi, atau kombinasi dari teknik-teknik tersebut. Setelah serangan penyakit, virus dapat dideteksi dalam serum, plasma, sel-sel darah yang bersirkulasi, dan di jaringan lain dalam waktu 4-5 hari. Selama tahap awal dari penyakit, isolasi virus, asam nukleat virus, atau deteksi antigen dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis infeksi. Antigen NS1 muncul pada hari pertama setelah serangan demam dan menurun ke tingkat tidak terdeteksi setelah 5-6 hari. Pada akhir fase akut infeksi, serologi adalah metode pilihan untuk diagnosis. Metode diagnosis laboratorium telah berkembang untuk menunjang penanganan pasien dan kontrol penyakit. Pilihan untuk metode diagnosis bergantung pada tujuan tes dilakukan, fasilitas laboratorium dan tenaga ahli yang tersedia, biaya, dan saat sampel dikumpulkan. Kata kunci: metode diagnosis laboratorium, fase akut, antigen NS1
PENANGANAN PERIOPERATIF ANESTESI PADA RESEKSI FEOKROMOSITOMA
Authors: Laihad Mordekhai Leopold
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Definitive therapy of pheochromocytoma is a surgical resection. Anesthetic perioperative management toward pheochromocytoma resection plays a very important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality. This management includes preoperative preparations, intraoperative management and postoperative management. The preoperative preparations involving multidiscipline approaches have several objectives: controlling blood pressure, creating an adequate intravascular volume, assessing effects of the disease to end-organs, recognizing conditions pertaining to pheochromocytoma, and controlling blood glucose and electrolyte levels. The intraoperative management is a continuation of the preoperative preparations. Its main objective is to preclude the event of hypertension crisis. The postoperative management is aimed to anticipate important complications which possibly occur in the early postoperative period, such as: hypertension, hypotension, and hypoglycemia. Keywords: pheochromocytoma, anesthesia, management, preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative.   Abstrak: Terapi definitif terhadap feokromositoma adalah reseksi. Penanganan perioperatif anestesi pada reseksi feokromositoma sangat berperan dalam menekan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penanganan ini meliputi persiapan preoperatif, penangananan intraoperatif dan penanganan pasca bedah. Persiapan preoperatif dilakukan secara multidisiplin dan bertujuan untuk mengendalikan tekanan darah, mencukupi volum intravaskuler, menilai pengaruh penyakit terhadap end-organ, mengenali dampak dari kondisi-kondisi yang terkait dengan feokromositoma, serta normalisasi kadar glukosa dan elektrolit. Penanganan intraoperatif merupakan kesinambungan dari persiapan preoperatif dan bertujuan utama menghindari terjadinya krisis hipertensi. Penanganan pasca bedah bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan terjadinya komplikasi penting pada periode pasca bedah dini yakni hipertensi, hipotensi dan hipoglikemi. Kata kunci: feokromositoma, anestesi, penanganan, preoperatif, intraoperatif, pasca bedah.
PETER’S ANOMALY
Authors: Rares Laya
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Peter’s anomaly is a congenital corneal anomaly characterized by central or paracentral opacity. Around 60-80% of this anomaly is bilateral. We reported a girl of one year and six months as having bilateral corneal opacity since she was born. Diagnosis was based on ophthalmological examinations: the vision of the right and left eyes was ‘fix and follow the light’; sensoric nystagmus of both eyes; intra-ocular pressure of the right eye 37 mm Hg and of the left eye 40 mm Hg; corneal diameters of both eyes were 11 mm; 5-mm-central opacity of both cornea; both eye movements to all directions were normal; anterior chambers were shallow; iris was attached to the corneal endothelium; both lenses were difficult to be evaluated due to corneal opacity; fundal reflexes in both eyes were negative. The early medication given was thymolol 0.5% to decrease the intra-ocular pressure. If her health condition improved, a penetrating keratoplasty and a filtration surgery were recommended under general anaesthesia. Key words: Peter’s anomaly, corneal opacity, intraocular pressure, management.   Abstrak: Peter’s anomaly merupakan kelainan kongenital kornea yang ditandai dengan kekeruhan pada kornea bagian sentral ataupun parasentral. Sekitar 60-80% kasus Peter’s anomaly terjadi bilateral. Kami melaporkan kasus Peter’s Anomaly pada seorang anak berusia satu tahun enam bulan dengan kekeruhan pada kedua mata sejak lahir. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan oftalmologis dimana didapatkan visus okuli dekstra dan sinistra fix and follow the light, nistagmus sensoris pada kedua mata, tekanan intra okuler pada mata kanan 37 mm Hg dan pada mata kiri 40 mmHg. Diameter kornea kedua mata 11 mm, adanya  kekeruhan pada sentral kornea (stroma) dengan diameter 5 mm pada kedua mata. Pergerakan  kedua mata ke semua arah normal. Bilik mata anterior dangkal, iris melekat pada endotel kornea, lensa kedua mata sukar dievaluasi oleh karena kekeruhan pada kornea. Refleks fundus negatif pada kedua mata. Penanganan awal yang diberikan berupa medikamentosa (timolol 0,5%) untuk menurunkan tekanan intra okuler sambil menunggu keadaan umum membaik untuk dilakukan penetrating keratoplasty and filtration surgery dibawah anastesi umum. Kata Kunci: Peter’s anomaly, kekeruhan kornea, tekanan intra okuler, penanganan.
KEPADATAN NYAMUK DEWASA Aedes Sp DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG I KECAMATAN MALALAYANG MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – PEBRUARI 2010
Authors: Bernadus Janno B. B. , Pijoh Victor D. , Kareth Venny
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a public health problem in Indonesia because of its high prevalence and ability to spread more widely. In North Sulawesi itself Case Fatality Rate of carrying dengue is increasing from year to year. The local village Malalayang has a high potential for spreading this disease. The result of an  entomology survey on adult mosquitos showed that Aedes sp was found in 40 houses of 80 house samples. From these 40 houses we got 71 mosquito samples. From these 71 samples tested and identified, we found three species: Aedes aegypti (30 samples, 42.25%), Aedes albopictus (22 samples, 30.99%), and Culex sp (19 samples, 26.76%). Mosquito density can be seen from the indices of the resting rates, which were 0.375 for Aedes aegypti, 0.275 for Aedes albopictus, and 0.65 for Aedes sp. Key words: density, adult mosquito, Aedes sp., resting rate.   Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena prevalensinya yang tinggi dan penyebarannya semakin luas. Di Sulawesi Utara, Case Fatality Rate penyakit DBD tercatat terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kelurahan Malalayang I merupakan daerah yang potensial sebagai daerah penyebaran DBD. Survei entomologi terhadap nyamuk dewasa Aedes sp pada 80 rumah  memperlihatkan bahwa 40 diantaranya terdapat 71 sampel nyamuk. Setelah diperiksa dan diidentifikasi ternyata ditemukan tiga spesies yaitu Aedes aegypti 30 sampel (42,25%), Aedes albopictus 22 sampel (30,99%) dan Culex sp 19 (26,76%). Kepadatan nyamuk  dapat dilihat  dari angka indeks  pada resting rate yaitu Aedes aegypti = 0,375 , Aedes albopictus = 0,275 dan  Aedes sp.= 0,65. Kata kunci:  kepadatan, nyamuk dewasa, Aedes sp., resting rate.
DEDIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA PAYUDARA (LAPORAN KASUS)
Authors: Lintong Poppy M. , Tambajong Eddy H.
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Liposarkoma primer pada payudara termasuk salah satu tumor payudara yang sa-ngat jarang, insidennya kurang dari 1% dari semua tumor ganas payudara. Umumnya liposarkoma pada payudara jarang atau tidak menyebar ke kelenjar getah bening aksila. Gambaran histologik liposarkoma pada payudara sama dengan liposarkoma di ekstrimitas atau tubuh. Suatu liposarkoma yang sejati pada payudara ditegakkan bilamana gambaran cystosarcoma phyllodes tidak ditemukan dalam potongan-potongan  jaringan tumor. Satu kasus dilaporkan pada seorang wanita usia 49 tahun dengan tumor payudara besar. Gambaran Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma secara makroskopik menunjukkan massa multinoduler besar, warnanya bervariasi dari kuning, kuning kecoklatan bercampur coklat keabu-abuan. Mikroskopik terdiri dari 2 komponen yaitu lipogenik, menunjukkan gambaran  liposarkoma diferensiasi baik; dan nonlipogenik (dedifferentiated). Daerah dedifferentiated menunjukkan gambaran fibrosarkoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, dan liposarkoma miksoid. Daerah yang menyerupai malignant fibrous histiocytoma menunjukkan gambaran sitologik pleo-morfisme, arsitektur storiform, dan sel-sel datia. Fokus-fokus  liposarkoma miksoid telah dibuat pulasan dengan Alcian blue hasilnya positip. Kata kunci: dedifferentiated liposarcoma,  payudara.     Abstract: Primary liposarcoma of the breast belongs to very rarely found breast tumors, hav-ing an incidence of less than 1% of all malignant breast tumors. In general, this liposarcoma rarely or does not spread to axillar lymph nodes. Histopathologically, liposarcoma of the breast is similar to liposarcoma in extremities and other parts of the body. A true liposarcoma of the breast is diagnosed if there is no cystosarcoma phyllodes in the tumor tissues. We re-ported a 49-year-old female with a huge breast tumor (21x18x15cm), associated  with four lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla.  Histopathological examination of the tumor tissues showed a dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and of the four lymph nodes, as well as reactive hyperplasia with no metastase. Macroscopically, this dedifferentiated liposarcoma, appeared as large multinodular masses ranging in color from yellow to yellow-tan admixed with firm tan-gray areas. Microscopically, it consisted of two components: lipogenic, a well differen-tiated liposarcoma; and nonlipogenic, dedifferentiated one. These dedifferentiated areas showed a fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and mixoid liposarcoma. Areas of malignant fibrous histiocytoma looked  cytologic pleomorphisme, storiform architecture, and multinucleate cells. Foci of mixoid liposarcoma were stained with Alcian blue, and showed positive results. Key words: dedifferentiated liposarcoma, breast.
EFEK EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (ANNONA MURICATA L.) PADA KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL TIKUS WISTAR
Authors: Posangi Ira , Posangi Jimmy , Wuisan Jane
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Treatment using medicinal plants has already been applied before modern medicine. Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves have been used for the treatment of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to test whether the soursop leaf extract could lower the total cholesterol levels of wistar rats used as test animals. Prior to lowering the cholesterol levels, they first had to be raised, and to raise the level of total cholesterol, all test animals were induced by propyl thiouracyl (PTU). Rosuvastatin was used for positive control group F. Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group A was the normal control group. Group B was given just PTU. Groups C, D, and E, after having been given PTU, were given respective doses of 50mg, 100mg, and 200mg/day of soursop leaf extract. Group F was given PTU and then rosuvastatin. The results showed that the total cholesterol levels in rats given soursop leaf extract or rosuvastatin were lower than rats that were not given soursop leaf extract or rosuvastatin. Conclusion: soursop leaf extract could lower the total cholesterol levels of wistar rats. Key words: soursop leaves, cholesterol Abstrak: Pengobatan menggunakan tanaman berkhasiat obat sudah lebih dulu diterapkan dari obat-obat modern. Daun sirsak telah digunakan untuk pengobatan bermacam penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji apakah ekstrak daun sirsak dapat menurunkan kadar total kolesterol tikus wistar yang digunakan sebagai hewan uji. Untuk menaikkan kadar total kolesterol hewan uji diinduksi dengan PTU. Untuk kontrol positif digunakan rosuvastatin. Tikus wistar dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yang terdiri Kelompok A sebagai kontrol normal, Kelompok B diberikan PTU, Kelompok C, D, dan E diberikan PTU kemudian diberikan berturut-turut ekstrak daun sirsak dosis 50mg, 100mg, dan 200mg/hari, Kelompok F diberikan PTU kemudian rosuvastatin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus yang diberikan ekstrak daun sirsak atau rosuvastatin lebih rendah daripada tikus yang tidak diberikan ekstrak daun sirsak atau rosuvastatin. Simpulan: ekstrak daun sirsak dapat menurunkan kadar total kolesterol tikus wistar.Kata kunci: daun sirsak, kolesterol