bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED TOOL FOR PENETRATION TESTING AS A MEANS OF INCREASING ISSUES OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Loginova L.N. , Evstropov V.A. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

The article shows the need to conduct penetration testing, including in the transport system, for the real resistance of an organization to cyber-attacks. The main testing methods are presented and the need to develop alternative automated tools for conducting penetration testing is substantiated.
APPLICATION OF LSTM AND AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS FOR AUTOMATIC DETERMINATION OF THE DANGEROUS SEGMENT BOUNDARIES OF THE RAILWAY TRACK
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Malinskiy S.V. , Sharova V.O. ,   Joint-Stock Company "Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport", Moscow, Russia, Danilenko E.E. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Petrova A.D. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the solution to the problem of automatically determining the boundaries for dangerous sections of the railway track using the cumulative sum algorithm when LSTM, VAR and ARIMA models are used for modeling the rail track geometry. The stationarity of the rail track geometry parameters has been proven, and the errors of the developed models have been assessed.
SPEECH CONTEXTUAL AND THEMATIC FORMALIZATION AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP A RATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL WAY OF COMMUNICATION IN HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS THROUGH TEXT, VOICE AND GESTURE COMMANDS
Authors:   Center for Anthropometric (Orthopedic) Correction, Volgograd, Russia, Goldreyer M.M.
Published: July 2024

The goal of computational linguistics is to develop and improve the future universal interface in human-machine systems. Such an interface cannot be chaotic. It must obey strict algorithms, the foundation of which can be the formalization of the speech of this interface.
Analisis Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Menggunakan Metode Hazop Studi Kasus: Departemen Teknik PT Sinde Multikemasindo
Authors: Zakaria Ahmad , Arifin Jauhari , Nugraha Billy
Published: July 2024

PT Sinde Multi Kemasindo is a plastic packaging industry company located in Tambun, West Java. PT Sinde Multi Kemasindo produces products in the form of preforms, 200 Ml bottles, 350 Ml bottles, 500 Ml bottles and screw caps with 2 colors, namely green and blue.  PT Sinde Multikemasindo carries out the production process based on orders or direct requests from consumers.  Based on the data obtained, from January to November 2023, there were 31 cases of work-related accidents in the engineering department of PT Sinde Multikemasindo, with a description of extreme risk of 0%, high risk of 23%, moderate risk of 61%, and low risk of 16%. with the classification of moderate and mild accidents. In an effort to minimize work accidents, work accident analysis can be carried out using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method and fisbon approach The results found 31 hazards in the engineering department and can be categorized into 31 hazard sources. From the risk level assessment results, there are 0 sources of hazard classified as extreme, 73 sources of hazard classified as high risk, 19 sources of hazard classified as medium risk, and 5 sources of hazard classified as low risk. This study provides recommendations for improvement in the form of conducting inspections to workers, providing signs or posters regarding the use and need for PPE, conducting supervision (punishment and reward system), prohibiting entry into the production work area without using PPE and conducting medical examinations on workers exposed to dust.
Analisis Pemilihan Supplier Pengadaan Mesin Masak Produksi Kecap Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Dan Taguchi Loss Function (Studi Kasus: PT X)
Authors: Nurdiana Ines Mulia , Prihadianto Rahaditya Dimas , Istiqomah Silvi
Published: July 2024

Procurement is a company activity in obtaining goods according to the specifications they need and meeting the criteria in the form of qualifications, requirements and regulatory rules related to the procurement of goods and services. PT X is a company affiliated with a state-owned enterprise operating in the sugar cane agro-industry sector that produces sweet soy sauce as their downstream product. In this object, researchers found a problem that the production of sweet soy sauce at PT X could not meet the needs of consumer demand due to the limited capacity of the sweet soy sauce cooking machine. Therefore, PT X procures a sweet soy sauce cooking machine with a limited tender auction system. The selection of supplier I (PT KM) and supplier II PT (TSE) which is a soy sauce production cooking machine supplier was selected using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Taguchi Loss Function methods. The results obtained from this study obtained that supplier II (PT TSE) is the best supplier with synthesis results weight of 0.747 or has a percentage of 74.7 as well as the results of Taguchi Loss Function calculations where supplier II fulfills all types of quality loss functions on each price subcriteria, namely on the price of the smaller better machine with a weight of 0.1228, the cost of insurance for the larger better machine with a weight of -0.0920, and the shipping cost of the smaller better with a weight value of 0.0294.
Perancangan Alat Pencelupan Benang untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Produksi pada Proses Pencelupan Benang pada UMKM H. Muslikun
Authors: Zain Badrus Sibyan , Purnama Jaka
Published: July 2024

UMKM H. Muslikun is a business that produces traditional woven sarongs. In the production process, the yarn dyeing process is one of the important processes and has an influence on the products produced. In this yarn dyeing process, manual tools are still used, and the position is less ergonomic because the worker bends slightly, besides that the production capacity that can be produced is still quite small. This results in workers feeling less comfortable and the need for threads being unable to be met if at any time there is an increase in demand due to increased production. Therefore, from this, in this research a yarn dyeing tool will be created that is in accordance with ergonomics using anthropometric methods with the aim of making workers comfortable and increasing production capacity in the yarn dyeing process. From anthropometric data processing, the machine dimensions are 100 cm high and 58 cm wide. From the test results, it was found that the capacity of yarn that could be dyed was 160 rolls from the previous 150 rolls of yarn.
Analisa Perbaikan Mesin Cutting Guna Mengurangi Frekuensi Kerusakan dan Jam Perbaikan Mesin
Authors: Pratiwi Salsa Veby Indah , Murnawan Hery
Published: July 2024

The smoothness of the production process in the midst of increasingly tight product competition is one of the important factors that needs to be prioritized, especially in production facilities or machines used for operation. losses for the company in terms of time, costs and reduced machine capacity. So an improvement analysis is carried out by looking at historical data on the cutting machine. This historical analysis can determine corrective and maintenance actions that must be carried out. After carrying out historical analysis, it was found that in 2023 the average percentage of machine damage was 44% with a total downtime of 1115.98 hours and total production of 2541.48 hours. loss amounted to Rp. 132,057,145, while in 2024 the average percentage of damage was 46% with a total downtime of 373.24 hours and total production of 809.33 hours. It is said that the company experienced a production process due to damage to the plong machine amounting to 54% with a total loss amounting to Rp. 65,228,673. Historically this machine is a reference in reducing the frequency and time of damage
Perancangan Alat Bantu Penghitung Pentol untuk Mempermudah Proses Pengemasan Berdasarkan Antropometri Pekerja
Authors: Firstyawan Moch. Rizal Gita , Murnawan Hery
Published: July 2024

The "Raja Gresik" meatball factory was established in 2008 and was established in 2018. One of the problems at this factory was that when carrying out the process of packaging meatball in plastic packs, there were packs whose quantity did not match the specifications for the number of meatball of that type. With the existing problems, it is hoped that this research can help the "Raja Gresik" meatball factory to reduce defects in calculating meatball in packs and make workers less tired because the design of the meatball counting tool is in accordance with the anthropomometry of workers. The existence of this tool can reduce losses from an inappropriate number of meatballs in the pack, which will effectively prevent product defects from excess or shortage of meatball. Also, the presence of this tool makes the packaging process time faster from 30 seconds to 23.43 seconds after using this tool. And it can be used for worker anthropometry, namely hand reach length, knee height and standing elbow height.
Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Guna Mengoptimalkan Penyimpanan pada Gudang
Authors: Hardianto Kresna Frantiarno , Purnama Jaka
Published: July 2024

The rapid development in the industrial world forces industry players to be required to pay attention to all aspects of business in their efforts to survive in competition, including control of raw material storage for the smooth production process. UD. XYZ is an industry engaged in the production of shovels, which in the production process involves several raw materials on a fairly large scale. The limited raw material storage space available results in frequent accumulation of some raw materials which can have an effect on the continuity of the production process. Calculations are carried out using the ABC classification method, inventory turnover ratio, and min-max stock on raw material control to avoid the accumulation of raw materials in the storage room. It was noted that there were several raw materials that experienced accumulation such as iron plates, iron pipes, screws and welding wires.
Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Mesin Printing Percetakan Offset untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Hasil Output pada PT. XYZ
Authors: Putri Elvia Defitriana , Herlina Herlina
Published: July 2024

The aim of this research is to find out whether purchasing an offset printing machine is feasible or not. In problems One way to find out how much money an investment will generate for a company is to carry out financial analysis. The calculations used include: finding the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness). This research was conducted at PT. XYZ, starting from February to July 2024. Field studies, interviews and data collection were carried out to analyze the feasibility of investing in an offset printing machine. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, such as OEE, Depreciation, NPV, IRR, and PP. The results demonstrate a worthy investment with a comprehensive picture of engine performance. The conclusion provides a clear view of the feasibility of the investment and directions for future business development. The analysis results show that the offset printing machine at PT. XYZ has an OEE below 85%, indicating that its efficiency is less than optimal. This suggests the need to replace machines with new ones to increase production effectiveness. In addition, the depreciation calculation shows an estimated depreciation cost of IDR 1,080,000,000 per year, which must be considered in long-term financial planning. However, the NPV results show that the investment is feasible with a value of IDR 227,607,149
Penentuan Jumlah Persediaan Sparepart Berdasarkan Waktu Maintennance Headtruck Giga di PT. Bima Site Berlian
Authors: Setiawan Febri Hari , Wati Putu Eka Dewi Karunia
Published: July 2024

PT. Berkah Industri Mesin Angkat (PT.BIMA) is a company engaged in the maintenance and supply of port equipment. In the service process there are five types of transport aircraft at PT BIMA. Loading and unloading equipment operates continuously, causing a decrease in the level of equipment reliability and causing frequent breakdowns and high downtime on the machines, especially the Headtruck equipment. To minimize breakdowns and downtime, it is necessary to have a good maintenance scheduling system to prevent machine damage. Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) is one of the company's provisions as a reference for determining an effective maintenance schedule. Therefore, appropriate corrective action is needed to ensure the number of spare parts available so that equipment downtime is not too long which results in decreased/unstable levels of availability and reliability.
PERFIL CLÍNICO E EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM CÂNCER EM TRATAMENTO EM UMA UNIDADE DE ALTA COMPLEXIDADE ONCOLÓGICA NO INTERIOR DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Blascovich Hellyangela Bertalha , Ramon da Silva Bonfim Lucas , Alves Brito Camila , Cunha Feuerstein Shirley , Teresa Albuquerque Maria , Nogueira de Castro Giovana , José de Oliveira Moreira Rodolfo
Published: July 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes em tratamento oncológico em uma unidade de alta complexidade oncológica (UNACON) no interior do Maranhão. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com dados dos prontuários eletrônicos de crianças e adolescentes acompanhados no período de 2019 a 2022. Foram excluídos prontuários com informações incompletas. Este estudo foi aprovado por comitê de ética em pesquisa através do CAAE: 51438821.9.0000.5554 e número de parecer: 5.013.948. A amostra foi composta por 90 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes atendidos no local do estudo. O perfil epidemiológico das crianças e adolescentes predominou o sexo masculino (55,5%), raça parda (80%), faixa etária de 0 a 5 anos de idade (40,1%), procedentes de outras cidades (75,6%) e em sua maioria (76,7%) eram acompanhados pelas mães durante o tratamento. O perfil clínico apontou que as leucemias (37,7%) foram as mais prevalentes, onde a maioria necessitou de internação (92,2%) e como desfecho, observou que a maioria continuava em tratamento oncológico (43,3%). Dentre os tumores sólidos, a grande maioria não apresentava metástase (72,2%) ao diagnóstico, e o principal tratamento realizado foi a quimioterapia associada a cirurgia (52%).  Observa-se que no referido serviço as leucemias são o principal tipo de câncer, assim como descrito na literatura.
Modelling Technical Capacity of Industrial Machines Suppliers’ Selection Post Engineering and Economic Considerations
Authors: Akinnuli Basil , Adeyeri Micheal , Aninkan Ayodeji
Published: July 2024

After considering engineering, economics, and supply due-date strategic decisions as the death knell for the selection of industrial machinery suppliers, the technical capability of the suppliers is one of the strategic decisions for consideration. To achieve this, necessary attributes of this strategic decision were identified in this study. These attributes include the quality of mechanics used, quality of staff used, level of research work done, level of quality control, and quality of companies patronizing the vendor. They were modelled and integrated (logic) for decision-making and then evaluated using a case study of procuring a Cocoa Liquor Press for extracting butter from the cocoa liquor using three vendors V1, V2, and V3 that passed the three strategic decision death knells. The overall performance indices of all three vendors as per their strength on the considered strategic decision (technical quality of the supplier) are 1.71, 1.66, and 1.63 which are 43.2%, 33.25%, and 32.6% respectively by percentage. While their weaknesses are 3.28, 3.34, and 3.37 which are 65.6%, 66.8%, and 67.2%. Vendor one (V1) having a performance index of 1.71 strength and 3.28 weakness (43.2% strength and 65.8% weakness) post engineering and economic consideration death-knell was found to be best suitable and was selected.
Urban Metabolism of Energy Consumption in Cities
Authors: Al-Shiblawi Husam Ahmed , Laffta Suaad Jaber
Published: July 2024

جاءت فكرة البحث من اهمية موضوع استهلاك الطاقة في المدن حيث تواجه مدن العالم بشكل عام والمدن العراقية بشكل خاص تحديات بيئية كبيرة من تصاعد نسبة الانبعاثات الكربونية مما يستوجب ايجاد الحلول اللازمة من خلال فهم عملية مدخلات ومخرجات المدينة المتمثلة بعملية الايض الحضري والغازات الدفيئة وانواع مصادر الطاقة وقياس بصمة الطاقة لمنطقة الدراسة وعلاقة استعمالات الارض في استهلاك الطاقة وتوصل البحث الى عرض النتائج التي تعطي مؤشر الى زيادة مستمرة في استهلاك الطاقة في المدن العراقية وتباين بين استعمالات الارض المختلفة من حيث استهلاك الطاقة والموارد ويفرض البحث ان اعتماد استراتيجيات تخطيطة مستدامة يمكن ان تقلل من ذلك الاستهلاك وبالتالي تقلل من بصمة الطاقة والانبعاثات الكربونية.
Yaşamaya Değer Filminde Varoluş Felsefesi ve Varoluşçu Psikoloji Perspektifinden Etik ve Estetik Karşılaşmalar
Authors: Küçükhemek Murat , Güngör Feyza Şule
Published: July 2024

Varoluşunu daha geniş ve derin bir bütüne yerleştirerek anlamlandırma ihtiyacı insanın en temel arzularından biridir. Felsefenin de büyük ve kadim sorunlarından olan yaşamın anlamı sorunu, insanın gündelik hayattaki yaşamsal uğraşlarına yön veren bir perspektif oluşturmaktadır. Varlığımızdaki içsel eksiklik, boşluk ve kayıp duygusunu ikame etme; ruhsal ve düşünsel bir zemin bulma arzusu, anlam arayışının ontolojik-varoluşsal boyutunu öne çıkarır. İnsan ve varoluşunu temel alan varoluş felsefesi ve varoluşçu psikoloji bu sorgulamalara ve bunların varoluş tarzlarına olan etkilerine odaklanmıştır.

Fransız yazar ve felsefe profesörü Muriel Barbery’nin Kirpinin Zarafeti (L'Élégance du hérisson, 2006) romandan uyarlanan The Hedgehog (Yaşamaya Değer, Mona Achache, 2009) filmi, anlam arayışlarının farklı versiyonlarını temsil eden karakterleri vasıtasıyla ontolojik bir arayışı serimler. Film felsefe, psikoloji ve sinemanın kesişimiyle varlık sorusu, yaşam, ölüm, intihar, ötekilik, tercihler ve sorumluluklar gibi kavramlar hakkında estetik olduğu kadar etik bir sorgulama çabasını ortaya koyar. Bir kaybı arar gibi ısrarla yaşamın anlamını arayan ve bulamadığı için doğum gününde intihar etmeyi planlayan kız çocuğu Paloma, apartman görevlisi Renee ve Japon komşu Ozu’nun yollarının sevgi ve yakınlık duygusuyla kesiştiği bu film, gündelik hayattaki anlam sorununa alternatif bir bakış açısı getirir. Bu üç karakter eşliğinde çağdaş anlam arayışının oldukça sade ama bir o kadar da derin karakteristiğini izlerken, öznenin dünyanın absürdlüğüne rağmen kendini onda nasıl konumlandırabileceği ve gördüğü edindiği imajlardan sıyırıp özsel bir imaj kurmasının imkânı da sorgulanmaktadır.

Bu çalışma, Yaşamaya Değer filmindeki hayatın anlamı, kendini gerçekleştirme, intihar, ölüm, yalnızlık ve sevgi gibi temel varoluşsal temaları, varoluş felsefesinin temel izlekleri çerçevesinde ve varoluşçu birçok psikoterapisti etkileyen Jungiyen psikolojiyle çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Derviş Ruhlu Bir Şairin Şiirlerine Yansıyan Portresi: Ziya Osman Saba
Authors: Şengül Mehmet Bakır
Published: July 2024

Çeviri, anı-öykü gibi edebî türlerde eserler kaleme alan Ziya Osman Saba, Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk şiirinin önemli şairlerinden biridir. Hem karakter hem yaşam biçimi hem de sanatçı kimliğiyle oldukça zarif bir kişiliktir. Onun zarif kişiliği şiirlerine de sirayet etmiş ve dervişane tutumunun yansımaları şiirlerinin ana temalarından birini oluşturmuştur. Onun dervişliği dini tedrisatın neticesinde meydana gelen bir terkip değildir. Hayattan, yaşadıklarından öğrendiklerinin etkisiyle duyumsanan bir durumdur. Bu yüzden de onun dervişliği sade, yapmacıklıktan ve dikte etmekten uzak bir forma sahiptir. Hayat ve ölüme aynı mesafede duran şair, yaklaşmakta olanın ölüm olduğunu bilmektedir. Bu yüzden ölümden korkmaz ölüm ona sevimli dahi gelir. Her durumda mutlu olan, olmak isteyen, şairin ölüm ve ölümden sonrasıyla ilgili beklentileri arasında bir fark yoktur. Ölümün dünya hayatının devamı olması, âdeta ertesi gün gibi ifade edilmesi, onun şiirlerinde karşımıza çıkan ayırt edici bir özelliktir. Bu çalışmada; öncelikle dervişlik kavramı üzerinde durulacak devamında Ziya Osman Saba’nın şiirlerindeki dervişane söylemler analitik bir yaklaşımla incelenecektir.
Web-Based Application of Indonesia-Manado Translation Forum Using Extreme Programming Methodology
Authors: Rantung Vivi Peggie , Dwisuprapto Abimanyu Marvie , Sangkop Ferdinan Ivan
Published: July 2024

Manado language (Manadonese) is one of the languages that is registered in the ISO 639-3 standard system with the code of xmm and used by 3.320.000 users. In daily life, Manadonese is commonly used verbally. In its oral use, Manadonese becomes a low-resource language, meaning it lacks text-based resources, which makes it difficult to develop various linguistic-based technologies to preserve Manadonese. This research aimed to provide a data source to develop advanced linguistic-based technology. The methodology used for this research is extreme programming (XP). The result of this research is a Web-Based Application Of Indonesia-Manado Translation Forum with various functions, such as uploading Indonesian articles that will be translated into Manadonese, from this diverse amount of translation the best of it will be chosen to be processed every word and sentence that will be saved in the database. The application is tested with Acceptance Testing as an indicator and the result shows that the forum managed to accomplish the goal set up before.
Leveraging Machine Learning and Long-Short Term Memory Algorithm for Early Prediction of Diabetes
Authors: Pamungkas Yuri , Dwi Cahya Meiliana , Indriastuti Endah
Published: July 2024

Diabetes, a chronic condition, affects numerous populations. Poor insulin production from the pancreas combined with high blood sugar levels can result in the onset of diabetes. Diabetes can be caused by numerous factors. Observe and prevent these factors to reduce the high prevalence of diabetes. This study concentrates on medical record data for determining diabetes risk factors via statistical correlation analysis. These factors will be utilized as machine learning and LSTM input parameters for diabetes prediction. The factors analyzed include blood glucose levels, HbA1c levels, age, BMI, hypertension, heart disease, smoking habits, and gender. Based on the research results, we found that glucose levels (>137 mg/dL) and HbA1c levels (>6.5%) are the main benchmarks in diagnosing diabetes. It is also supported by the correlation value, which is relatively high (0.42 and 0.40, respectively) compared to other factors. Increasing age and BMI also increase the risk of developing diabetes. Comorbidities (such as hypertension or heart disease) and smoking habits can worsen the condition of people with diabetes. Meanwhile (based on gender), women are more at risk of developing diabetes than men because their body mass index increases during the monthly cycle. Apart from that, there is a tendency for blood sugar levels in women to increase in the last two weeks before menstruation. Based on the prediction results, the highest levels of accuracy, sensitivity, and F1 score were obtained (96.97%, 99.97%, and 98.37%) using the LSTM method. This performance shows that LSTM is relatively good for the diabetes prediction process based on existing factors/parameters.
Confrontation between Shamkhalate and Kabarda in the 16th century (the issue of international relations in the North Caucasus)
Authors: Shikhaliev Sh. Sh. , Shumkin A. V.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of the regional system of international relations in the North Caucasus in the 16th century. The era of the Horde khans and Shirvanshahs is forever a thing of the past, and they were replaced by new empires: the Safavids, the Ottomans and the Moscow state. With the help of world-system analysis the article reveals the transformation of the political landscape of the region that took place at that period. A new look at the Caucasian communities and their place in the history of civilization, as well as the forms happened to occur in the process of their integration into a particular state is offered to the reader's attention. The methods of identity formation used at that period are of great interest, as well as the hierarchical ideas that existed in the field of international relations. For the first time, the paper comes as an attempt to reconstruct the views on the balance of power then prevailing in the North Caucasus that correspond to the epoch under study.
Discourses of Islamic Philosophy in modern religious education
Authors: Suleymanov A. R. , Enikeeva I. I.
Published: July 2024

Education plays a key role in a person’s life, regardless of their beliefs. This valuable perspective stems from the fact that educational development must primarily focus on philosophy, which becomes the foundation for the theoretical and practical components of the entire system. Islamic Philosophy methodologically shapes education throughout all stages of its historical and epistemological development. The purpose of this article is to consider the Islamic Philosophy of education in terms of the fundamentals of the conceptual worldview represented by Metaphysics, Axiology and various philosophical schools that contribute to the achievement of comprehensive and systematic education. Such a cognitive approach to the application of Islamic Philosophy is necessary for understanding the nature of spiritual education in modern society, including the study of social and environmental problems, as well as the meaning and role of emotional, spiritual and critical intelligence in the modern world. By studying Philosophy in Islamic teachings, one can understand its significance in the theoretical and practical aspects of education, and see the systemic connections of religious knowledge with other types of knowledge.
Proto-Slavic *černъ and *čerěnъ. II. Handle and molar
Authors: Saenko Mikhail ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The first part of this article examined a number of hypotheses related to the semantics of the Proto-Slavic word černъ. The analysis of the material indicates that for Proto-Slavic, it is important to distinguish between two words: černъ and čerěnъ / čerěnь / čerenъ / čerenь ‘hearth vault’. The author argues that the word *černъ denoted a handle (of a tool), while its descendants in individual Slavic languages have developed a range of secondary meanings, including ‘mushroom stem’ and ‘narrow part of a leaf (stalk, petiole) connecting it to the plant’. In terms of etymology *černъ is most probably a derivative of *čer- < PIE *kwer- ‘cut off, cut out’. The etymological meaning is ‘a piece of wood which was cut from a tree’. There is no basis for reconstructing *černъ as a Proto-Slavic somatism; however, the available data allow us to reconstruct the collocation *černowъ(jь) zǫbъ, which denoted the molar. The adjective *černowъ is derived from *černъ ‘handle (of a tool)’, and the etymological meaning of *černowъ(jь) zǫbъ is ‘main tooth’. It is possible to draw a partial typological parallel between *černъ and Russian коренной зуб, as well as Udmurt йырпинь ‘molar’, Komi юрпинь ‘id’ (literally ‘main tooth’).
“The Ostrava Language” in the travelogue narrative
Authors: Izotov Andrey ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: July 2024

The article considers the Slavic micro-language formed by the dialects of the inhabitants of Czech Silesia, which is able to form something like the diglossia with the Standard Czech language on the territory of the region. In most of the territory of the Czech Republic (the western two-thirds of its area), the Standard Czech language forms a diglossia-like relations with the so-called Common Czech language. The language of the works of the modern Ostrava blogger and writer L. Větvička represents a successful symbiosis of the southern dialects of Czech Silesia, the Standard Czech language and partly the Common Czech language. The analysis of the language of his travelogue published in 2019 led us to the conclusion, that the so-called Ostrava micro-language is a dynamically developing phenomenon, the functioning of which is by no means limited to oral speech. The appearance in print and on-line form of such literary texts destroys the diglossia that has historically developed in the region, since the non-literary idiom penetrates into the position of the literary one. On the other hand, such texts strengthen the position of the Ostrava micro-language, which sounds in the reader’s mind whenever the texts are read.
Cankar’s name code (novel “Nina”)
Authors: Chepelevskaya Tatyana ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article deals with the novel “Nina” (1906) by the prominent Slovenian writer Ivan Cankar (1876–1918), which researchers and critics refer to as the most unusual and complex of his works. Trying to unravel one of the mysteries of the Slovenian classic and starting from the code of the name that became the title of the work, the article aims to show how the process of changing the axiological paradigm was going on in the writer’s creative laboratory, which was accompanied by a change in the onomastic code. This process is demonstrated by the history of the creation of the drama “Beautiful Vida” (1911), originally titled “Hrepenenye” – “Hrepenenje”), the work on which was going on simultaneously with the creation of the text of “Nina”. In the conceived drama, Nina acts as a character who carries all the nuances that make up the essence of this capacious term: from dreams of love and homesickness to a feeling of transcendent love that takes a person away, aspirations for everything beautiful in life. However, at the final stage of work on the play, I. Cankar deviates from the original idea and connects the symbolism of hrepenenje with the name of Beautiful Vida, a mythologem that is significant for Slovenian culture, while emphasizing in letters to friends and brother that “it will be something completely new and ours.” Thus, there is a change in the value artistic paradigm in the work of the writer, who, living in the multicultural environment of the European capital, and creating works in his native language, refuses the literary and cultural European code in favor of his national one.
The Polish Question in the Russian Empire in the latest editions of the series Historia Rossica
Authors: Kretov Vladislav ,   European University at St. Petersburg
Published: July 2024

The review examines the books by Malte Rolf, Ekaterina Boltunova, and Darius Staliūnas, published in the Historia Rossica series by Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie in 2020–2022. The concepts and approaches used by the authors of the works are examined in the context of the established traditions of studying the Polish question in the Russian Empire that influence the Russian and Polish historiography. In the 19th century, Russian and Polish historians created antagonistic national narratives. In the 1950s–1960s, a tradition of studying Russian-Polish revolutionary connections as a key episode in the shared history of Russian and Polish peoples emerged in the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of Poland. This narrative was an attempt to overcome traditional antagonism. Since the 1990s–2000s, Russian and Polish researchers have increasingly focused on the complex nature of the empire’s relations with its Polish subjects, which went beyond enmity and mutual distrust. In recent years, there has been a tendency to simplify the discussion and return to antagonistic narratives both in Polish and Russian historiography. The works of M. Rolf, E. M. Boltunova, and D. Staliūnas are in opposition to traditional conflicting narratives, and their original research positions allow for interesting questions about the complex nature of Russian-Polish relations in the imperial period.
XL All-Russian Dialectological Meeting “Lexical Atlas of the Russian Folk Dialects – 2024”
Authors: Shalaeva Tatyana ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

On January 29–30, 2024, the annual XL All-Russian Dialectological Meeting “Lexical Atlas of the Russian Folk Dialects – 2024” was held at the Russian Geographical Society in St. Petersburg.
Categorically distinct subsets allow flexible memory-selection in hybrid search
Authors: Gronau Nurit , Nartker Makaela , Yakim Sharon , Utochkin Igor , Wolfe Jeremy
Published: July 2024

In many every-day situations, we search our visual surroundings for any one of many memorized items held in memory, a process termed hybrid search. In some cases, only a portion of the memorized mental list is relevant within a specific visual context, thus, restricting memory search to the relevant subset would be desirable. Previous research had shown that participants largely fail to ‘partition’ memory into several distinct subsets, on a trial-by-trial basis. However, given the known role of semantic content in long-term memory organization, we hypothesized that semantically-defined subset categories might serve as a more powerful means for flexible memory-selection in dynamic hybrid search situations. Experiment 1 revealed that, indeed, semantic characteristics (i.e., object category), but not perceptual features (e.g., arbitrary color), can provide a firm basis for flexible memory partitioning. Experiments 2 and 3 further showed that such memory partitioning is costless and is independent of the nature of the surrounding visual distractors (i.e., a categorically- homogeneous or heterogeneous display). These findings demonstrate that confining one’s memory search to a currently relevant subset of items is highly effective when the different memory subsets are defined by clear semantic categories. The results underscore the importance of conceptual information in the organization of activated long-term memory (aLTM), and in forming the basis for a flexible, trial-by-trial, memory-selection. Our findings further highlight the relationship between visual search and memory search, and they may shed light on the processes contributing to a successful construction of bounded episodes in long-term memory.
Mixed ASR System for Amazigh and Arabic UnderResourced Dialects in Maghreb Region
Authors: Hamidi Mohamed , Satori Hassan , Zealouk Ouissam , Lounnas Khaled , Abbas Mourad , Lichouri Mohamed , Teffahi Hocine
Published: July 2024

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology plays an essential role in human-machine interaction. In this paper, we describe our conducted speech experiments that are realized to develop and adapt a mixed automaticspeech recognition system based on spoken digits for Amazigh and Arabic dialects that are considered as under-resourced dialects in the Maghreb region.Our used database includes speech samples collected from 24 Moroccans and Algerian speakers including both males and females. The designed system is implemented based on the combination of hidden Markov models and Gaussian mixture models, as well as the Mel frequency spectral coefficients (MFCCs) feature extraction method.
Clinical functional MRI for language mapping: Best Practice recommendations from the Organization for Human Brain Mapping
Authors: Voets Natalie , Ashtari Manzar , Beckmann Christian , Benjamin Christopher , Benzinger Tammie , Binder Jeffrey R , Bizzi Alberto , bjornson bruce , Chang Edward F , Douw Linda , Gawryluk Jodie , Geletneky Karsten , Glasser Matt , Sven Haller , Jenkinson Mark , Jovicich Jorge , Leuthardt Eric , Mian Asim , Nichols Thomas , Jones Oiwi Parker , Pernet Cyril R , Plaha Puneet , Polczynska Monika , Price Cathy J. , Rutten Geert-Jan , Scheel Michael , Shimony Joshua , Sierpowska Joanna , Williams Lynne , Ghoufran  , Zeineh Michael M. , Bartsch Andreas J. , Bookheimer Susan
Published: July 2024

Ample reports highlight fMRI’s added value to guide and tailor neurosurgical interventions near brain regions supporting speech and language. However, fMRI’s usefulness for clinical language mapping remains controversial. This controversy is partly fueled by 1) differences between fMRI and the tools it is often compared against, and 2) wide heterogeneity in how clinical fMRI data are acquired, analyzed and interpreted. Both factors limit the objective assessment of the benefits and efficacy of presurgical fMRI.The OHBM Working Group on clinical fMRI language mapping was formed in 2017. Its scope was to review and propose best practice recommendations addressing the specific challenges posed by applications in patient populations. The first objective was to consider language tasks, and task designs, optimized for specific clinical objectives, and incorporating modifications for patients with language- and broader cognitive impairment. The second objective was to put forward practical guidance, based on high-quality research, for each stage of the workflow from fMRI acquisition and analysis through to the reporting of individual patients' data.In considering these challenges we focus on implementations that have proven practically feasible based on existing approaches (tasks, software packages) actively in use today. When widely available practices deviate from optimal practices, we highlight emerging developments that merit further evaluation and incorporation into routine clinical use to advance the current practices.This document was created in collaboration with the OHBM Committee on Best Practices, incorporating community feedback. Its aims are to provide a framework for improved standardization of fMRI to enable much needed evaluations of its ultimate goals; namely, minimization of invasive intraoperative testing and, ultimately, of new post-operative language deficits. In this regard, the single strongest recommendation is for greater transparency and reporting of longitudinal outcomes in patients undergoing clinical fMRI.
A través de los anteojos de la MBrS: Reporte de caso de una Fascitis-Miositis Necrotizante Infecciosa Tipo I en un Oso Andino.
Authors: AGUDELO ANGELA NATALIA , QUINTANA LAURA VALENTINA SANCHEZ
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The Andean Bear or Spectacled Bear is important for the conservation of biodiversity in Andean ecosystems due to its role as an umbrella species. In the clinical setting, necrotizing infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis-myositis (NFM), represent a significant challenge, characterized by rapid tissue destruction and high mortality if not treated surgically and early. Although it has been investigated in humans, there are few studies in animals, and none specifically in bears, highlighting the need for research to understand and treat these diseases in wildlife. Narrative: This case is about a 21-year-old bear, who presented with FMN. The individual underwent a necrosectomy under general anesthesia and for a period of 3 long months had remote topical treatment with Bioregulatory Systems Medicine (MBrS). Patient Perspective: Because the patient is an animal, 23 people related to the case were surveyed regarding their perspective. Expressing 95% positive opinions about the case, highlighting the challenges and achievements of innovative veterinary treatment. Discussion: The integrative and multidisciplinary management of the case, where the MBrS approach was essential, which included the application of a remote topical washing solution with Ringer's Lactate, Flamosin ® compositum ad us. Vet, Echinacea compositium ad us. Vet, Traumeel ® ad us. Vet and Placenta compositum, improved the bear's immune response, local circulation and wound healing, avoiding additional invasive procedures. Although more studies are needed, this integrative approach shows therapeutic promise in wildlife, underscoring the importance of alternative options for conservation and animal welfare. Conclusions: Thanks to the implementation of the aforementioned treatment and the teamwork of the entire reserve, the bear showed a progressive recovery over the weeks, with a decrease in pain, improvement in quality of life and effective healing of the injury.
Iconicity in Haitian Creole: A Study on Onomatopoeic Aspect of Bird Names
Authors: Edouard Patrice Kanndèl
Published: July 2024

This study explores the onomatopoeic aspect of bird names in Haitian Creole, highlighting the significant role of sound-symbolic associations in the evolution and lexical creation within creole languages. It examines a corpus of nineteen Haitian creole ornithonyms formed by onomatopoeia imitating the bird vocalization. The research reveals a high degree of iconicity in Haitian Creole bird names, highlighting the language’s capacity to generate ornithonyms through specific sound symbolism relation, morphological flexibility, and reduplication. The study also uncovers the distinctive historical and socio-linguistic background of creole languages that raises an environment conducive to generating a new lexicon deeply rooted in sound symbolism. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the relationship between sound and meaning in creole language, enriching our appreciation of the diversity and expressiveness of human languages evolution.Keywords: Haitian Creole; Iconicity; Onomatopoeia; Sound-Symbolic Associations; Language Evolution; Lexical Creation.
Upon closer inspection: Most Popular iPhone games in Mainland China did not fully comply with loot box probability disclosure requirements
Authors: Xiao Leon Y.
Published: July 2024

Loot boxes and gacha are gambling-like products inside video games that players buy with real-world money to obtain random rewards. Parents and policymakers are concerned about players, especially children, experiencing harm. Mainland China requires companies to disclose the probabilities of obtaining different rewards to promote consumer protection. Four years ago, research suggested that companies generally complied with the basic requirement to disclose; however, most companies failed to publish the disclosures prominently. The present study confirmed that loot boxes remained highly prevalent (97.0%) in mobile games and nearly all relevant games (96.9%) disclosed the probabilities for at least one loot box found within. However, upon closer inspection, 89.7% of relevant games contained other loot boxes whose probabilities have not been disclosed. The accessibility of disclosures has not improved. The prevalence and implementations of ID and age verification and other engagement and monetisation mechanics, such as daily login rewards, were also surveyed.
The twofold role of subjective fluency in displeasing but preferable visual artworks: self-report and eye tracking analysis
Authors: Yi Jinwoo , Choi Dayoun , Eom Joung A , Kang Mijung
Published: July 2024

Subjective fluency affects preference evaluation in daily objects through two routes: increasing preference ('hedonic effect') and amplifying valence effects on preference ('amplifying effect'). Contrarily, empirical aesthetics suggest that contextual knowledge, the primary source of fluency, prevents valence-dependent appreciation, challenging the amplification model. Here, we examined the dual effects of fluency on preference for visual artworks with varying valence. We found that fluency increased preference and weakened valence effects. Using an eye- tracking approach, we also investigated the cognitive mechanism bridging fluency and preference. We hypothesized that contextual information facilitates controlled processing- related eye movement, and this gazing behavior enhances fluency and preference. While contextual information facilitated controlled processing and fluency, controlled eye movement did not mediate its effect on fluency. Although our findings motivate further research into the complex interplay between processing style and fluency, they elucidate art-specific affect- fluency-preference interactions.
The Origin and Development of the unique Political Phenomenon named ‘Other Backward Classes’ and its role in reshaping the Post-Independence National Politics in India: a perspective from an Anthropologist
Authors: Ghosh Roy Kaustav
Published: July 2024

Caste in India has played a detrimental role in deciding the fate of the political and social life of numerous individuals across the socio-political spectrum. After independence a new socio-political horizon based on complex social relations emerged, replacing the notion of rigid stratification through overlapping potentialities and horizontal mobility among the lower stratum of social stratification. This translated into the formation of certain cohesive associations of various social groups, who ushered themselves into the arena of wider political representation and projected their group identities while truncating the notion of purity and pollution. Politicians, in order to attract these associations towards themselves and gain their allegiances, used strategies and coercion perhaps, to consolidate their position inside the domain of electoral and social politics. Seizing this opportunity, those associations and their stakeholders negotiated certain terms and demands of their own with those in the political realm, in return for a certain conditions viz., socio-political mobilization when needed. This article intends to understand the historical and ideological backgrounds and factors involved in the origin and formation of such associations who modulated the overall ideologies of the member groups, while cementing the path for a wider scale of identity politics. The article also envisages the notion that the factors behind certain contemporary political mobilizations on a broader scale can also be traced back to the times of the formation of those cohesive associations of larger social groups.
Gendered Language in Job Advertisements Relates to Gender Sorting in Public Labor Markets: A Multi-Source Analysis
Authors: Sievert Martin , Vogel Dominik , Döring Matthias
Published: July 2024

While increasing gender diversity is a desirable goal, contemporary research often overlooks gender sorting in the public labor market. Such structural self-selection among job seekers may considerably weaken efforts to increase diversity. We investigate how job advertisements contribute to gender sorting by examining gendered language and the gender of the contact person. We theorize two mechanisms and test them using a unique multi-source dataset consisting of real job advertisements, a survey among recruiters issuing these job advertisements, and organization-level data (n = 1,859). Results from hierarchical linear models indicate that more feminine wording relates to a higher number and share of applications by women. Our research contributes to public administration research, theorizing why, structurally, women may apply less for some public sector jobs. We derive implications for research and policymakers and emphasize the relevance of gender sorting mechanisms in public sector recruiting.