bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Início oportuno do pré-natal em adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual: implicações para o aborto legal no Brasil
Authors: Sá da Silva Luiza Eunice , Calu Costa Janaína , Blumenberg Cauane , Peixoto Lima Natália , Paulo Vidaletti Ruas Luis , Dos Santos Costa Francine , J D Barros Aluísio , César Wehrmeister Fernando , Gomes Victora César
Published: October 2024

Investigamos o início oportuno do pré-natal em adolescentes brasileiras para subsidiar a discussão nacional sobre o limite de idade gestacional para o aborto legal. Com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) 2020-2022 correlacionamos o início oportuno do pré-natal (primeiro trimestre da gestação) com a idade da adolescente, região, raça/cor e escolaridade. Considerando a idade estimada na concepção, estimamos que 11.607 partos anuais resultam de estupro de vulnerável. O início oportuno aumentou com a idade, sendo de 70,2% para todas as adolescentes (<20 anos), mas de apenas 55,6% para aquelas abaixo de 13 anos; 14,1% das adolescentes iniciaram o pré-natal com 22 semanas ou mais de gestação (28,3% entre <13 anos). O início oportuno foi menor na Região Norte, entre meninas indígenas e entre aquelas com baixa escolaridade. Os resultados questionam o recente projeto de lei de limitar o aborto legal para vítimas de estupro de vulnerável até 22 de semanas de idade gestacional. Demoras no reconhecimento da gestação e na comunicação para a família contribuem para o início tardio do pré-natal e para a decisão de abortar. A proposta de limite do prazo para abortos legais irá atingir principalmente as adolescentes mais vulneráveis em termos socioeconômicos e raciais.
miR-205-5p Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Regulating CALM1
Authors: Guo Zhengdong , Zhu Hongming , Zhang Renmin , Shan Qiang , Wang Yajing
Published: October 2024

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium and glands. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of NPC. They are effective biomarkers in the detection of malignant progression of NPC. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of miRNAs in NPC patients with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. ceRNA networks of NPC were constructed and target miRNAs were screened. MTT, colony formation and Transwell experiments were used to explore the effects of miR-205-5p on the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of NPC cells. Bioinformatics analysis combined with Double luciferase experiment verified the binding relationship between miR-205-5p and CALM1. We identified 34 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 22 miRNAs, and 145 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and constructed a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network to explain the relationship between RNA expression profiles and NPC progression. Of which, we found that 5 miRNAs (hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p and hsa-miR-205-5p) are related to clinical features. We further found that miR-205-5p was highly expressed in NPC cell lines. In addition, MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays showed that miR-205-5p promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells. Double luciferase detection showed that miR-205-5p could target combined with CALM1. In addition, we found that miR-205-5p could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells by inhibited the expression of CALM1. Overall, the present study demonstrated that as a carcinogenic factor, miR-205-5p can affect the malignant progression of NPC by mediating CALM1.
Prenatal contributions to epilepsy: lessons from the bedside
Authors: Scher Mark S.
Published: October 2024

While epilepsy can present at any age, this condition often occurs because of adverse events early in life. Pathogenetic mechanisms also cause deleterious consequences to the brain during prenatal life. For the epileptologist to fully appreciate developmental epileptogenesis, one must apply an ontogenetic approach (i.e. “nature‐nurture‐niche”) in order to study the epileptic condition from a fetal neurology perspective. Genetic susceptibility can involve pre‐fertilization and post‐fertilization mechanisms that dictate the timing and form of major malformations associated with specific epileptic syndromes. Maternal, fetal, and placental disease conditions also contribute to either brain malformations or injuries, depending on events during the first or second half of pregnancy. Sequential stages during prenatal brain development, from embryonic through perinatal periods, specify which gray and white matter structures may be adversely altered, with later expression of seizures in the context of motor, cognitive and behavioral deficits. Translational research from bench to bedside should consider the acquired causes of pediatric and adult epilepsies in the context of the patient's genetic environment.
Reflex myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: a benign age‐dependent idiopathic startle epilepsy
Authors: Zafeiriou Dimitrios , Vargiami Euthymia , Kontopoulos Eleftherios
Published: October 2024

Reflex myoclonic epilepsy of infancy is an idiopathic epileptic disorder characterized by myoclonic attacks, with onset in the first 2 years of life precipitated exclusively by unexpected tactile or auditory stimuli. We report on a 9 month‐old infant with myoclonic attacks, which consisted of frequent clusters of up to 10 symmetric jerks affecting mainly the arms and the head occurring as reflex responses to unexpected auditory stimuli. There was no family history of epilepsy or febrile convulsions. Ictal EEG demonstrated a typical 3 Hz spike‐wave pattern, while there were no abnormalities, either in wakefulness or during sleep. The neurodevelopmental examination was unremarkable and MRI of the brain was normal. The attacks disappeared 3 weeks after initiating sodium valproate, and have not reappeared since then (follow‐up 3 years and 3 months); today, at 4 years of age, the patient has normal psychomotor development. RMEI should be considered as an age‐dependent, idiopathic, generalized epileptic syndrome with an apparently good prognosis [Published with video sequences].
Seeking Knowledge in and for Troubled Times: The Edinburgh Centre for Medical Anthropology, MAT, and a Shared Vision
Authors: Editorial Collective
Published: October 2024

Editorial for the September Issue, 2024
​​Solace of Substance​: Agency, Surrender, and Consolation in Addiction and Polydrug Use
Authors: Roe Laura
Published: October 2024

Although preceding its association with substance use, early uses of the term ‘addiction’ signified intense attachment or ‘devotion’ to an activity or pursuit, indicating compromised autonomy, a necessary ‘culling’ of conflicting obligations, such as family and other concerns, and a potentially dangerous surrender (Lemon 2018). Recent advances in biomedical and neuroscientific understandings of addiction, as a relapsing neurological disorder, have sharpened notions of substance use as being outside of conscious control. Yet framing addiction in terms of individual, neurobiological predispositions towards addictive behaviour, continues to impact how we view agency, responsibility, and autonomy, even as substances are ascribed their own powerful agencies.
Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork with individuals and third sector services in south-east Scotland, this article attends to ambiguous notions of agency attributed to and by people who use substances, and to substances themselves. It asks how responsibility for recovery becomes divested onto individuals, and how a moral ‘devotion’ to one’s recovery is mandated by medical and judicial institutions. The article further highlights how dyadic and intimate relationships with heroin are emplaced within wider webs of relations, and how heroin itself is suffused with agency and intentionality: becoming at once a force for destruction and source of life-giving surrender.
Nemi szerepek és sztereotípiák a tankönyvekben
Authors: Pálmai Judit
Published: October 2024

A társadalom számos módon rögzíti az emberekben az egyenlőtlenségeket, így a nemek közötti különbségeket is. Célom bemutatni azokat a kutatásokat, amelyek a tankönyvekben fellelhető nemi szerepek reprezentációját hivatottak vizsgálni és ezek hatását az egyenlőtlenség újratermelésére. Dolgozatomban először tisztázom a szocializáció fogalmát és funkcióját, amely a társadalom elvárásainak, normáinak és értékeinek átadásában játszik nagy szerepet. Kitérek a nemi szerepek és nemi sztereotípiák fogalmára és az általuk gerjesztett egyenlőtlenséget megszilárdító hatásukra. Végül bemutatom, hogy az általános iskolai tanulók tankönyveiben miként jelenik meg a modern nemi szerepek ábrázolása.
Egy pszichológiai jelenség és annak megjelenése az ifjúsági irodalomban
Authors: Gombos Péter , Sárosi Szilvia
Published: October 2024

A tanulmány szerzői két kortárs ifjúsági regény (Ben Rice Babó és Bigyó; Matthew Dicks Egy képzeletbeli barát naplója) közös motívumát, a „képzeletbeli barát” karakterét, szerepét mutatják be. Mivel a témával – elsősorban az Egyesült Államokban – a pszichológiai szakirodalom is komolyan foglalkozik, először e források segítségével kapunk pontos képet a képzeletbeli barát fogalmáról, a lehetséges csoportosításokról. Mindezt esetleírásokkal illusztrálva.A tanulmány második fele a két választott regényt, illetve azok gyermekfőhősei által kitalált entitásait mutatja be, vissza-visszautalva a pszichológiai szakirodalomra, így jelezve e karakterek fontos szerepét a gyermekek életében.
Evaluation of Haemoglobin F and Haemoglobin A2 among Sickle Cell Patients in Steady State at Selected Hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Opeyemi Olufeyisola Adesina , Sonia Ekwe , Oluwafemi Adewale Adesina
Published: October 2024

Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin variants, including hemoglobin F (Hb F) and hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2). Evaluating the levels of these hemoglobin variants in steady-state sickle cell patients can provide insights into disease prognosis and management. This study aimed to assess Hb F and Hb A2 levels among sickle cell patients in steady state at a selected hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria. Objective: To evaluate the levels of hemoglobin F (Hb F) and hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) in sickle cell anemia patients and determine their associations with demographic factors such as age and gender. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sickle Cell Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, from September to October 2020. A total of 60 sickle cell patients in steady state were recruited using convenient sampling. Blood samples were collected, and Hb F and Hb A2 levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 with independent t-test and bivariate correlation. Results: The mean levels of Hb F and Hb A2 varied across age groups and genders. Hb F levels were highest in patients over 35 years (10.4 ± 12.16%) and lowest in those aged 26-30 years (3.7 ± 1.3%). The majority of participants had Hb F levels between 2-10%, with a significant association between Hb F levels and age (p = 0.038). Hb A2 levels were consistently above 3.1% in 92.6% of the study population, with no significant association with age or gender. Conclusion: There is a significant association between age and Hb F levels among steady-state sickle cell patients, while Hb A2 levels showed no significant demographic correlations. The findings suggest that Hb F may serve as a potential marker for clinical evaluation in SCA patients.
Excess Energy Released Due To Proton-Proton Collisions in Condensed Matter Could Be Due To Laboratory-Made Micro Black Holes
Authors: Arunachalam Lakshmanan
Published: October 2024

While sodium metal dissolution in concentrated (2M) Epsom solution is very peaceful under stirring conditions in about 5 to 10s, its dissolution in a dilute (0.85) Epsom solution has turned very violent. Nearly 30s after the addition of Na, the solution exploded accompanied by the vaporization of the glass beaker. Only sodium aerosol and tiny molten needles of glass were seen around indicating a very high temperature (>1000 0C) has indeed been reached. The timing of the explosion has indicated that hydrogen released during sodium dissolution has got trapped in the salt solution and subsequent energy build-up has caused the excess energy release. A viable trapping mechanism involving the exchange of 2 hydrogen ions (H22+) with an Mg2+ ion in cavitation-induced nanocrystals of Epsom has been proposed in this regard. The two hydrogen ions are stabilized at the cation vacancy (cavity) by dative bonds with the two hydrogen ions in the water molecule trapped at a neighboring sulphate vacancy. Spring-like action between the two protons trapped at the cation vacancy due to oscillations caused by two opposing forces – one by cavitation and the other by coulombic repulsion eventually appear to have led to the collision of hydrogen ions at relativistic speeds in condensed matter. To start with, the two protons in the H22+ species are confined in a small space (72 pm cavity) at a single crystal cation lattice site in Na2SO4 nanocrystal which increases their head-on collision probability at high energies. There is no upper limit to the energies achieved through p-p collisions in this species as the Cavitation-Coulombic Repulsion Oscillations (CCRO) can continue until the endpoint is reached. Regeneration of a nanocrystal over a sufficiently small time scale and regeneration effect prior to cavitation collapse are all important so laws of thermodynamics are not violated. Extra dimensions of gravity at short distances, if present, could also assist in the high energies required for the production of mini black holes in condensed matter. Such black holes lose mass very quickly through the emission of Hawking radiation observed in the form of explosion with mass-energy equivalence of E = mc2. The possibility of tapping such explosive energy for peaceful purposes is discussed. As such it constitutes the third kind of atomic energy humans have entertained, the first two being fission and fusion.
WES Library Prep Workshop for Students on Illumina NextSeq 550Dx v2
Authors: Cocos Relu
Published: October 2024

This protocol outlines the key wet-lab steps for preparing genomic DNA for Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) using the Illumina NextSeq 550Dx. The protocol is specifically designed for medical students participating in a workshop, focusing on mastering the practical techniques of library preparation, exome capture, and DNA sequencing.
Autonomía Económica y Política de las Mujeres en América Latina: Un Análisis Multidimensional de la Evolución y Desigualdades
Authors: Santamaría-Campo Susaan Karola , Diaz-Theran Kelly Mercedes , Cadrazco-Salcedo Carmen , Pérez-Contreras Blanca Flor , Martínez-Carazo Rosana
Published: October 2024

En los últimos años, ha surgido un creciente interés a nivel internacional por comprender la desigualdad de género en diversas esferas sociales, en este sentido las Organizaciones se han dedicado a fomentar el desarrollo económico de los países buscando alternativas para fortalecer la igualdad, impulsando acuerdos políticos y acciones. El objetivo fue analizar la autonomía económica y política de las mujeres latinoamericanas. La metodológica cuantitativa con alcance exploratorio, mediante la técnica estadística multivariante Statis, la interacción multidimensional existente entre 10 indicadores de autonomía económica y política de mujeres latinoamericanas, según cifras compiladas por el Observatorio de Género de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe de las Naciones Unidas. Resultados, se analizaron indicadores de género en 16 países latinoamericanos entre 2005 y 2019, donde se observaron mejoras en la participación política de mujeres en ciertos países y un aumento en mujeres en sectores de alta productividad, la autonomía económica y política mostró una relación independiente, estos resultados son relevantes para abordar la equidad de género en la región. concluyendo que existen diferencias considerables entre las naciones, que implican una evolución heterogénea en la búsqueda de la paridad de género en los ámbitos político y económico de la región.
Sappho Scientific Evidence Platform on Gender: Narratives of Academics and Non-Academics about a Community Science Case
Authors: Flecha Ramón , Joanpere Mar , Gairal Regina , Valls-Carol Rosa , López de Aguileta Ane , Munté-Pascual Ariadna
Published: October 2024

Modern society's digitization has led to the creation of online science platforms. Research shows that academic-oriented platforms boost active research teams, enhance scientific collaboration, and encourage manuscript reviews. However, there is limited research on platforms for citizen participation in science. This study examines the Sappho Scientific Evidence Platform, which aims to provide a science-based participatory tool with a focus on gender-related issues. Using a qualitative communicative approach, 10 users (6 primary school teachers, 2 researchers, and 2 university professors) were interviewed about their platform usage, impacts encountered, and the dialogues between citizens and scientists. The findings reveal that both academics and non-academics can contribute to science on Sappho. Participants reported improved scientific literacy, enhanced conversations about scientific evidence, and the use of this evidence in their personal and professional lives. The platform empowers users to critically engage with gender issues. These results highlight Sappho's positive impact and its potential as a valuable tool for promoting scientific evidence among its users.
Promover la Agencia del Estudiante Mediante Proyectos de Escritura: El Rol de la Interacción en el Aula, la Autonomía Respecto del Profesor y el Control sobre el Propio Desempeño
Authors: Andueza Correa Alejandra
Published: October 2024

El concepto de agencia ha ido adquiriendo creciente importancia en la investigación educativa ya que refiere a la capacidad de los/las estudiantes de tomar decisiones e influir en su propio aprendizaje a partir de los recursos y oportunidades de que dispone. En aulas cada vez más diversas, promover esto es clave ya que facilita que cada uno/a avance de acuerdo con sus propios ritmos y capacidades. La presente investigación reporta una investigación cualitativa que analiza los modos en que los proyectos de aprendizaje pueden favorecer el desarrollo de la agencia. En concreto, se trata de un experimento de diseño en el aula, en el que se aplicaron dos proyectos de escritura, en tres establecimientos educacionales, a estudiantes de cuarto medio (16-17 años). Luego, se realizaron seis grupos focales para profundizar y conocer la perspectiva de los/as estudiantes respecto de su experiencia de aprendizaje. Se realizó un análisis de contenido a las transcripciones y se identificaron tres mecanismos favorecedores de la agencia: (1) mayor interacción entre los miembros del aula (aumento del protagonismo de los/as estudiantes), (2) mayor control por parte de el/la estudiante sobre su propio desempeño (3) mayor autonomía respecto del/la docente.
Image Processing-Based System for Apple Sorting
Authors: Pilco Andrea , Moya Viviana , Quito Angélica , Vásconez Juan P. , Limaico Matías
Published: October 2024

This study sheds light on the evolution of the agricultural industry and highlights advances in production area. The salient recognition of fruit size and shape as critical quality parameters underscores the significance of the research. In response to this challenge, the research introduces specialized image processing techniques designed to streamline the sorting of apples in agricultural settings, specifically emphasizing accurate apple width estimation. A purpose-built machine was designed, featuring an enclosure box housing a cost-effective camera for the vision system and a chain conveyor for classifying Malus domestica Borkh kind apples. These goals were successfully achieved by implementing image preprocessing, segmentation, and measurement techniques to facilitate sorting. The proposed methodology classifies apples into three distinct classes, attaining an impressive accuracy of 94% in Class 1, 92% in Class 2, and 86% in Class 3. This represents an efficient and economical solution for apple classification and size estimation, promising substantial enhancements to sorting processes and pushing the boundaries of automation in the agricultural sector.
A prospective observational study of neutrophil CD64 as a diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Karmaker Prohlad , Rahman K. M. Mahbubur , Rasel Mohammad , Nasrin Ummey Tamima , Shabuj Mohammad Kamrul Hassan , Mannan M. Abdul
Published: October 2024

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality in the developing countries. With current investigations like septic screening and blood culture and sensitivity is not capable to early diagnosis of sepsis and have some limitations.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology and Department of Microbiology and immunology, BSMMU after approval by Institutional review board over a one-year period from May 2021 to April 2022.  During the study period, a total of 590 neonates were admitted in NICU of BSMMU. Among them 157 neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis were admitted. Among these 157 newborns, 64 were excluded. Finally, 93 patients were included and analysed in the study.
Results: Total 157 patients with suspected sepsis were admitted during study period. Among them 64 newborns were excluded on basis of different exclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics of enrolled neonates 56(60.2%) were male. Mean gestational age 33.63±3.463 and mean birth weight 1863.23±773.202. Majority of the baby were inborn 68 (73.1%) and mode of delivery was LUCS. Maternal Risk factor for early onset sepsis like fever, UTI, PROM was not statistically significant. Hb and platelet significantly decreased in proven sepsis group. CRP significantly increased in proven sepsis group than clinical sepsis group. Mean nCD64 (%) was 83.62±16.665 and 57±34.277 in proven and clinical sepsis group respectively. It was significantly (P less than 0.001) increased in proven sepsis group. In ROC curve cut-off value for nCD64 in proven sepsis group was 71.5%. For sepsis diagnosis nCD64 showed sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 56% respectively. Calculating PPV and NPV were 71% and 74% respectively. nCD64 has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.718. So, it is a moderately accurate marker for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Conclusions: Flow cytometric assessment of neutrophil CD64 was found more in neonates with culture proven sepsis than clinical sepsis. nCD64 has a good sensitivity 80% and specificity 56% and PPV, NPV 71%,74% respectively in culture proven sepsis with a cut-off value 71.5%.
Evaluating role of GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin in diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis
Authors: Ul Islam Junaid , Lone Parvez Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), an ancient disease, co-evolved with humans for thousands of years. The earliest known molecular evidence was found in a neolithic settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean. The pulmonary form was associated with "tubercles" as early as 1689. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. bovis, M. microti, and M. africanum, is the principal cause of human TB. Despite newer diagnostic and treatment methods, millions still suffer and die from TB.
Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, a study at Dalgate Srinagar's intermediate reference laboratory focused on tuberculin sensitivity tests in children with HIV and non-HIV infections. Samples were collected from sputum/gastric aspirate and BAL samples, and Xpert MTB/RIF tests were performed within two hours. Quality control measures were implemented.
Results: The study analyzed 137 patients with TB, collecting 227 samples. GeneXpert was the most common test, with 26 patients showing maximum positivity. LJ culture was the most common, with 24 patients showing maximum positivity. Smear microscopy was the most common, with 22 patients showing maximum positivity. GeneXpert, AFB smear, and LJ culture had 63.9%, 63.2%, and 66.7% sensitivity, specificity, and PPV, respectively.
Conclusions: A study of 137 pediatric TB patients found that GeneXpert and LJ cultures had higher positivity rates than smear microscopy and LJ culture. Adding GeneXpert to the pediatric diagnostic algorithm could increase the number of microbiologically detected cases. However, sensitivity remains low, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic tests and algorithmic approaches.
Study on etiology, risk factors, severity and outcome of newborns presenting with respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Fatima Syeda Asra , Thobbi Achyut Narayanrao
Published: October 2024

Background: Respiratory distress (RD) is one of the frequent complications in neonates within 24 hours of delivery. Early recognition and treatment are important to prevent morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the etiology, risk factors and outcome of neonates with RD.
Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 75 newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of tertiary healthcare center. The severity of the RD was assessed using Silverman-Anderson (SA) and Downes scoring clinical scoring and the final outcome of neonates were evaluated.
Results: The incidence of RD was higher in male newborns (69.3%), caesarian section delivery (68%) and the onset of RD was 24 hours in 74.7% of the neonates. SA and Downe’s scoring showed moderate severity in 61.3% of the neonates. The major etiology was transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) and RD syndrome (RDS) in 40% and 24% of the neonates respectively. The preferred treatment modality was oxygen support in 58.7% and mortality rate in this study was 4%.
Conclusions: The common etiology of RD was TTN and the important risk factors include male gender, caesarian section delivery and preterm delivery.
Correlation between screen time, eating habits and academic performance in pediatric population of NCR region
Authors: Ahmed Ifrah , Shahi Vidhi , Sharma Jatin
Published: October 2024

Background: Young children are increasingly exposed to multiple electronic devices, thus preventing them from focusing on physical activities and academic performance. The aim of this study was to assess the association between excessive screen-time with eating behaviour, weight status (body mass index) and academic performance of paediatric age group.
Methods: Pre validated questionnaire-based study was done in school going children in the NCR region. Questionnaire used are Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and assessment of Academic Performance through Likert scale. Body mass index was calculated. The screen-time guidelines as published by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP).
Results: During a normal weekday, 383 (73.8%) participants used screens, out of which 229 (44.1%) used screen while having meal. 90 (77.5%) participants out of total overweight participants (116) had screen time of more than 2 hours, whereas only 2 (1.7%) participants who were overweight did not used screen. 184 (36.1%) children with screen time of more than 2 hours achieved average grade of 76.6%, while those who did not use screen achieved an average grade of 91.5%. 
Conclusions: Study concludes that increase in screen time has a detrimental effect on child’s overall health and academic performance.
Determination of the risk factors and underlying biochemical abnormalities of neonatal seizures in a tertiary care centre of South India
Authors: Deriya Ankit , Talikoti Arun B. , Thobbi A. N.
Published: October 2024

Background: Neonatal seizures represent most common symptom rather than a cause for underlying functional brain abnormality. Commonly seen in first 48 hours of birth resulting in significant long-term morbidity and mortality causing impaired motor and cognitive functions in the childhood. Hence it become critically important for early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal seizures.
Methods: This prospective observational study took place in NICU of Al Ameen Medical college Vijayapura for period of 6 months including all neonates within 28 days of life presenting with seizures not on any anticonvulsants.
Results: Males were in majority with 58% with maximum onset within 24 hours of birth. Vaginal deliveries (66%), preterms (56%), SGA (62%) and LBW (54%) infants are high risk. Birth asphyxia and sepsis were identified to be most common underlying precipitating factors. Hypoglycaemia (38%) and hypocalcemia (28%) were the most common biochemical abnormalities found. Hypoglycaemia was more commonly found in preterm, LBW and SGA, whereas Hypocalcemia in term, LBW and AGA neonates. Hypoglycaemia was found to be significantly high with onset within 24 hours of birth. Sodium imbalance was the main cause identified in subtle seizures, hypoglycaemia in tonic seizures and Hypocalcemia in clonic type of seizures.
Conclusions: Quick assessment and timely diagnosis according to the etiology are necessary to prevent long term neurological outcome as it not only determines course of treatment but also associated morbidity and mortality. Biochemical abnormalities, if not treated properly, can result in poor prognosis therefore work up should be done in all neonates with seizures and should be included as routine investigation in all cases as they are easily treatable and can prevent long term morbidities.
Neonatal seizures-clinical profile and evaluation of associated biochemical abnormalities in a tertiary newborn intensive care unit
Authors: Vaithilingam Inkarsal , Chandrasekaran Manikandan Natarajan
Published: October 2024

Background: Seizure is the most common sign of neurological dysfunction in a neonate. Seizures increase the risk of impaired neurologic development and also the risk of death. Neonatal seizures per se are not a disease entity but rather a symptom commonly related to significant underlying disorders.
Methods: It is a non-randomized prospective observational study conducted in the NICU at Ranees hospital, government Pudukkottai medical college, Pudukkottai from December 2023 to June 2024. Both intramural and extramural neonates with seizures were included in the study as per protocol and evaluated.
Results: Out of the 152 neonates included in the study, 64% had onset of seizure in the first day of life. A slight male preponderance in seizure incidence is noted. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy is the commonest aetiology followed by biochemical abnormalities. Subtle seizures are the commonest single type of seizures and subtle + multifocal combined are the commonest combination type seen. Hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia are the common biochemical abnormalities noted.
Conclusions: Early recognition of seizures and early correction of the Biochemical abnormalities is crucial to prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Moyamoya disease as a cause of intracranial haemorrhage in an infant: a case report
Authors: Maryam Innama , Nadri Gulnaz , Ali M. Kashif , Afzal Kamran
Published: October 2024

Moyamoya is a rare cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive narrowing of large intracranial arteries leading to development of prominent arterial collaterals. These collateral vessels on angiography produce a smoky appearance termed as “moyamoya”, a Japanese word meaning puff of smoke in the air. Moyamoya disease usually presents as ischemic stroke in children and hemorrhagic stroke in adults. We present the story of an infant, term appropriate for gestational age with meconium aspiration syndrome, vigorous with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stage 1 (Sarnat with focal seizures involving right side of the body and severe anaemia, who was brought to our ER with complaints of vomiting and abnormal movements involving right side of the body. On examination severe pallor was observed, accompanied by a bulging anterior fontanelle, CT angiogram demonstrated marked attenuated calibre of left internal carotid artery in the supra-clinoid part A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery with subacute infarct in middle cerebral artery territory suggestive of Moyamoya Disease. The infant was managed conservatively with one aliquot of packed red blood cells and antiepileptic drug phenobarbital. As our center is not equipped with neurosurgical interventions to be done in such patients, baby was referred to higher center for surgery. This case report serves as a reminder to consider Moyamoya disease in the differential diagnosis of infantile cerebral haemorrhage (stroke). Early diagnosis and prompt management are essential for improving outcomes in this rare and potentially devastating condition.
Septo-optic dysplasia: a rare case report
Authors: Bainade Kapil , Kotrashetti Veeranna , Bhoomraddi Karan J. , Elon Neelu
Published: October 2024

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), earlier referred to as de Morsier syndrome, is an uncommon disorder of development wherein the septum pellucidum—a thin membrane located between the two cerebral hemispheres-as well as the eyes and pituitary gland, are affected. It is a spectrum of disorders that causes optic nerve defects and also affects the optic disc. It is also associated with midline brain anomalies and those of the pituitary gland. Thus, the disease may present as visual problems, reduced tone of the muscles, delays in development, and hormonal imbalances. Clinical examination identifies features related to these anomalies. The diagnosis is confirmed by neuroimaging, or a genetic study. Managing such a case requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Here we present an 8-year-old boy who was diagnosed with septo-optic dysplasia and was appropriately managed.
Unusual presentation of anterior mediastinal teratoma with cavitary pulmonary lesion complicating Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Babu Sarath , Francis Johny Vakayil , Jayan Ponni , Louis Varghese
Published: October 2024

Mediastinal teratomas are the most common extragonadal germ cell tumours. They account for approximately 15% of anterior mediastinal masses in adults and 25% in children. Teratomas are typically asymptomatic and are often discovered incidentally through imaging studies such as X-ray. However, some of them can present with a variety of symptoms due to mass effect, endocrine dysfunction, or complications resulting from rupture, which may lead to pleural effusion. We report a case of a mediastinal teratoma complicated by a cavitary pulmonary lesion in a 15-year-old female child. She presented with left-sided chest pain and intermittent cough. A chest X-ray (CXR) revealed a superior mediastinal mass lesion. Subsequent CT scan of the thorax demonstrated a lobulated cystic lesion, located in the anterior mediastinum. A CT-guided aspiration and biopsy of the mediastinal mass confirmed the diagnosis of a mature cystic teratoma. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed evidence of Haemophilus influenzae. The child was managed with intravenous antibiotics targeting the pulmonary infection, followed by surgical excision of the teratoma.
Transient diabetes mellitus presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report
Authors: Panuganti Suresh Kumar , Nukala Jeevan Reddy , Vempati Venkateshwar , Modi Sujeeth Kumar , Patel Pooja N.
Published: October 2024

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) represents a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus, manifesting with hyperglycemia during the neonatal period. It is relatively a rare condition, affecting an estimated incidence of 1 in every 90,000 live births. Depending on the duration of condition, NDM can be categorized as temporary NDM (TNDM) and permanent NDM (PNDM). We present a case of a 43-day-old infant who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Upon evaluation, it was observed that the infant had TNDM, specifically caused by a mutation in the KCNJ11 gene. The infant was initially managed with insulin therapy but was later transitioned to oral sulfonylureas (SU). Initial research suggests that administering SU treatment at an early stage, as opposed to insulin, could enhance neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients who respond well to SU.
Evaluation of traumatic spinal injury using low tesla MRI scan in a semi-urban environment of Nigeria
Authors: Gabkwet Anthony E. , Igoh Emmanuel O. , Taiwo Folake Y. , Mwarak Dangyang D. , Salaam Abdul J. , Danjem Samuel J. , Oladele Oyetayo O.
Published: October 2024

Background: Spine injuries following trauma could present with profound life-altering consequences. Most spine injuries follow motor vehicle accidents, falls, and violence. Neurological injuries are common sequelae of spine trauma with huge medical, financial, and social consequences. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows better visualization of the supporting structures and the spinal cord in such trauma. To evaluate the patterns of traumatic spine injuries on low Tesla MRI scans in a semi-urban environment in the North Central Region of Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective study involving 92 patients who had spine MRI scans using a 0.2T machine following trauma to the spine from 2017 to 2021 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital.
Results: The male gender was the most affected accounting for 83.7% with age group 21-40 years being the most affected (54.3%), followed by age group 41-60 (26%). Over half (52.2%) of the patients had cervical spine injuries, 39.1% had thoracic spine injuries, and lumbar spine injuries were seen in 19.6% of the patients. On Spinal cord involvement, the study revealed that 19 (20.7%) were normal,13 (14.1%) had contusion (Haemorrhage) while 45 (48.9%), 7 (7.6%), 10 (10.9%), and 10 (10.9%) had compression, edema, partial transection and complete transection respectively.
Conclusions: 0.2T MRI was able to identify spinal injuries and these injuries mostly affect young adult males with the cervical spine being the most affected. Road Traffic-related incidents were the leading mechanism with Assault from ethno-religious crises and Injury arising from collapse mining ponds adding to it.
Heart failure related to hyperthyroidism in young woman
Authors: Sudarmika Kadek Adi , Wulandari Ni Luh Eka Sriayu
Published: October 2024

Acute decompensated heart failure is a clinical condition that is precipitated by underlying pathology, including thyroid disorders. The condition of hyperthyroidism can result in a hyperactive circulation, which can increase cardiac output and metabolic demands, ultimately leading to heart failure. A 35-year-old woman presented to the hospital with acute shortness of breath that increased during the night, as well as bilateral edema in the lower extremities, palpitations, and intermittent chest pain. According to the patient's medical history, hyperthyroidism was diagnosed two years ago; however, the patient has not adhered to the prescribed treatment. The physical examination shows low blood pressure (80/60 mmHg), tachycardia, and increased jugular venous pressure. Lung auscultation detects bilateral fine crackles. A decrease in ejection fraction is evident on echocardiography. The laboratory results indicated hyperthyroidism. Initial treatment includes a saline infusion, a dobutamine infusion, a high-dose furosemide drip, acetazolamide as an extra diuretic, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, isosorbide dinitrate under the tongue, sacubitril/valsartan, spironolactone, and enoxaparin. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the multifactorial nature of heart failure, especially in patients with hyperthyroidism.
Prader Willi syndrome in a neonate with aspiration pneumonitis: a case report
Authors: Singh Shweta , Agarwal Reema , Bhatia B. D.
Published: October 2024

Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disease, even rarely diagnosed in neonates. PWS in a neonate presents with central hypotonia and feeding difficulty. Hereby, we report first neonatal case from India, who presented with aspiration pneumonitis. This case is presented to understand the subtle clinical features of PWS in neonates to facilitate early diagnosis and early intervention which improves quality of life. A term neonate presented at 9 days of life with complain of choking while feeding followed by rapid breathing. Apart from severe respiratory distress general examination revealed facial dysmorphology and bilateral cryptorchidism with scrotal hypoplasia. There was marked central hypotonia and weak cry. A provisional diagnosis of PWS with aspiration pneumonia was made and karyotyping along with DNA methylation was sent. Positive DNA methylation confirmed our diagnosis. Baby was managed with i.v antibiotics and parents were given basic information about PWS. They were educated about feeding techniques to prevent choking spells and informed about multidisciplinary care that baby will require. Prader Willi Syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis in neonate presenting with central hypotonia, feeding difficulties and prompt diagnostic DNA testing should be done for confirmation.
Artificial pancreas: a game changer in the diabetic management
Authors: Marupuru Sumanth , Dudem Veeraj , Soni Zeal , Doshi Dhruvi , Vummenthala Srikar Reddy , Gummalla Vaishnavi
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the world's leading metabolic disorders, where extensive research on therapeutic management is going on. Artificial pancreas is an emerging novel therapeutic solution for diabetes mellitus based on the automatic insulin delivery system (AID). Medtronic's MiniMed 670G System (hybrid closed loop) was the first artificial pancreas approved by food and drug administration (FAD) and currently in clinical use. Efficiency, success rate, cost, and very less usage were few major barriers for an artificial pancreas. We described the basic structure, functions, limitations, and future of the artificial pancreas.
Cumbo sign - an alluring sign in lung hydatid cyst
Authors: Rathod Ambadas , Kaur Daljinderjit , Singh Rajdeep , Kumar Aman
Published: October 2024

Hydatid cyst of the lung is a prevalent condition that can be identified through serological tests or radiological imaging. In this case, an X-ray of the patient revealed characteristic signs of a hydatid cyst, which were pivotal in establishing the diagnosis. This diagnosis was subsequently confirmed through serological testing. The patient was successfully treated with symptomatic management and anthelminthic medication. A 27-year-old male patient presented with a 1-month history of fever, a week-long cough with blood-streaked sputum, and left-sided chest pain. Additional symptoms included weight loss, but he denied wheezing, shortness of breath, or close contact with dogs.
Principles of Physical Pharmaceutics: Fundamentals and Applications (Part-II) for the Students of B.Pharm 4th Semester
Authors: Agarwal Suruchi , Gupta Diptee , Khare Shruti
Published: October 2024

The field of physical pharmaceutics is a vital area of pharmaceutical sciences, focusing on the principles and techniques necessary to formulate and develop effective drug products. This book, Principles of Physical Pharmaceutics: Fundamentals and Applications (Part-II) is designed to serve as a comprehensive guide for students, researchers, and professionals involved in the study and practice of drug formulation and delivery.

In a welcome chapter has been clearly mentioned. While we all authors have tried to verify all details provided in the book which make it possible that some information may need greater clarity. This book aims to capture these developments and provide a thorough grounding in the fundamental principles of physical pharmaceutics, while also addressing contemporary challenges and emerging trends.

The Unit 1 contains colloidal dispersions in the formulation of various pharmaceutical products due to their unique properties and applications in drug delivery. The Unit 2 rheology describes the study of the flow and deformation of matter, focusing on the behaviour of liquids, semi-solids, and solids under various stress and strain conditions. The Unit 3 coarse dispersion in pharmaceutical formulations and include suspensions and emulsions. The Unit 4 micromeritics is the science and technology of small particles, focusing on their characterization and behaviour. The Unit 5 drug stability refers to the ability of a pharmaceutical product to maintain its identity, strength, quality, and purity throughout its shelf life.
Percepciones de profesionales del servicio de pediatría sobre la intervención “Consejo breve anti-alcohol en edad pediátrica” en Asturias, España
Authors: Alonso-Domínguez Ángel , Otero-Estévez Sonia , Pérez-Gañán Rocío
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de este estudio, fundamentado en las teorías del cuidado de la salud y del aprendizaje social, es conocer el grado de implementación y alcance del protocolo del “Consejo breve anti-alcohol en edad pediátrica”, una intervención preventiva sobre el consumo de alcohol en menores del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, España. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, basada en trece entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en junio de 2022, se analiza el desarrollo del protocolo, las percepciones de profesionales del servicio de pediatría sobre su implementación, y sus representaciones culturales sobre el consumo de alcohol en el contexto asturiano y español. Los resultados revelan un alcance limitado debido a la heterogeneidad en su aplicación y la dificultad de medir su impacto, comparado con otras áreas de la salud pediátrica. Asimismo, se subraya la importancia de la dimension educadora y cuidadora de las áreas de pediatría y enfermería, y la necesidad de un enfoque integral que involucre a las familias y otras instituciones para mejorar la prevención del consumo de alcohol desde edades tempranas.
PUBLIC CONTROL OVER CORPORATE BODIES EXERCISING CERTAIN PUBLIC POWERS: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure and International Law of the Law Faculty of the Kuban State University, PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Goncharov Vitaly V. , Porkashyan Margarita A. ,   Legal Counsel at Legal Consulting Corporation Association of Independent Human Rights Lawyers Autonomous Non-Profit Institution
Published: October 2024

The article examines the current problems and prospects for the implementation of public control in relation to a key variety of legal entities — corporate organizations authorized to exercise certain public powers. The list of corporate organizations in respect of which public control can and should be carried out is investigated. A system of measures has been developed and justified that will solve the above-mentioned problems, ensuring the full implementation of public control over the activities, acts and decisions of corporate organizations of this type.
THE MEANING OF THE LAND CATEGORY AS A STARTING POINT OF LEGAL REGULATION
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Land and Environmental Law of the Russian State University of Justice, Syrykh Elena V.
Published: October 2024

The legally established meaning of land is the starting point not only for land law, but also for public policy in general. The modern meaning of land covers three aspects: land as a natural object, land as a natural resource and land as a real estate object. Ways to improve land legislation from the point of view of specifying the meaning of land are seen in ensuring the rational use and protection of land, the priority of protecting human life and health when making decisions on the use of land, and the participation of citizens in resolving issues related to the use of land in their place of residence. It is proposed to expand the meaning of land in the future by recognizing the emotional and moral connection of a person with the land as a value subject to protection, as well as regulating the rights of future generations in relation to the land.