bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01279 Triggers Autophagy and Apoptosis in Lung Cancer by Regulating FAK and SIN3A
Authors: su wenmei , Wu Jiancong , Huang Xiaobi , Li Xiaofang , Zhou Honglian , Chen Xiaorao , Chen Yongyang , Huang Jian , Huang Hanqing , Huang Zhong , Chen Guoan , Zhang Jian , Yang Zhixiong
Published: February 2022

Long non-coding RNAs play critical roles in the development of lung cancer by functioning as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Changes in the expression of LINC01279 have been associated with cell differentiation and human diseases. However, the mechanism underlying LINC01279 activity in tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we analyzed the function of LINC01279 in lung adenocarcinoma using clinical samples, xenografts, and non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. We found that LINC01279 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and may be considered as a predictive factor for this cancer. Knockdown of LINC01279 prevents tumor growth in xenografts and in cancer cell lines by activating autophagy and apoptosis. Molecularly, we revealed that LINC01279 regulates the expression of focal adhesion kinase and extracellular-regulated kinase signaling. In addition, it complexes with and stabilizes the transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A protein. Suppression of focal adhesion kinase and SIN3A also induces apoptosis and prevents tumor progression, suggesting that they may at least in part mediate the oncogenic activity of LINC01279. These results identify LINC01279 as a possible oncogene that plays an important role in the development of lung cancer. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism underlying LINC01279-mediated oncogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. They may help to discover potential therapeutic targets for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
What Contributes To Quality Of Life In Patients With Episodic And Chronic Cluster Headache?
Authors: Cappon Davide , Bakar Norazah Abu , Torkamani Mariam Asma , Matharu Manjit , Jahanshahi Marjan
Published: February 2022

Background: Cluster headache (CH) limits daily activities as well as social and family life, worsening quality of life (QoL). There is a paucity of research on what factors, other than pain and disability, influence QoL in Chronic CH (CCH) and Episodic CH (ECH). This study compares the potential contribution of several psychosocial variables to QoL in CCH and ECH and investigates the association of QoL with measures of pain, disability, psychiatric symptoms, psychological health, and functional well-being.Methods: 167 patients with CCH and 239 with ECH were assessed. QoL was measured with the CH-QoL, a reliable and valid disease-specific measure of QoL in CH. Measures of psychological health (self-esteem, perceived stigma, acceptance of illness), functional well-being (in professional, social, and private life), and psychiatric symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire-28, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Starkstein Apathy Scale) as well as pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire, Pain Behaviour Checklist), and disability (HDI, HIT-6, MIDAS) were obtained. Results: Individuals with CCH reported poorer QoL than those with ECH in terms of “restrictions of activities of daily living” and “mood and interpersonal relationships”. Patients with CCH and ECH who had a higher level of disability had significantly worse QoL. Patients with low self-esteem and those who reported less acceptance of their disease and reported higher perceived stigma had significantly worse QoL. Additionally, CCH and ECH patients with psychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and apathy had poorer QoL. QoL was correlated with measures of psychosocial functioning, disability, and psychiatric comorbidity.Conclusions: CH has a greater psychosocial impact on CCH patients than on ECH patients, as evidenced by significantly worse ratings for the former on all disability, mood, psychological health, functional well-being and QoL measures. In addition to managing physical pain, treating the psychiatric, psychological, and social factors associated with cluster headaches may be useful in preventing and lessening the long-term impact of CH on QoL. Our findings highlight additional factors to consider in the clinical management of CH and to incorporate in cognitive behavioral therapy with CH patients to reduce disability and the psychosocial impact of CH on daily life.
Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Low- and Intermediate Risk Localized Prostate Cancer. Feasibility, Outcome and Toxicity.
Authors: Grün Arne , Böhmer Dirk , Senger Carolin , Kalinauskaite Goda , Kufeld Markus , Budach Volker , Ehrhardt Vincent
Published: February 2022

Background To analyze outcome and toxicity of 41 consecutive patients with localized low- and intermediate risk prostate cancer treated with CyberKnife-Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Patients and Methods Patient selection and treatment protocol was according to (but not on) the PACE-trial protocol. Staging was in accordance with the German S3-guideline for prostate cancer. Prior to treatment, four gold-fiducials were implanted into the prostate. All patients received MRI-based prostate SBRT with 4 x 9.5 Gy (n=10) or 5 x 7.25 Gy (n=31). Toxicity was scored using the IPSS, ICIQ and IIEF-5 questionnaires. FU was every 3 months for 2 years and every 6 months onwards. Results With a median follow-up of 40.7 months, overall survival was 100% and progression-free survival 98%. One patient had a biochemical recurrence and was subsequently diagnosed and treated for lymphatic oligo-metastases. There was a non-statistical increase in toxicity after SBRT. Due to a TUR-P for urinary retention, there was one case of grade 3 toxicity. Mean PSA dropped from 9.4 ng/ ml to a mean of 2.4 ng/ml in year two of follow up and 0.1 ng/ml in year five with the greatest decrease within 6 months after SBRT. Conclusion In a cohort of 41 patients with predominantly intermediate risk localized prostate cancer, we could show that Cyberknife-Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy is feasible with very good tumor control and an only moderate and statistically non-significant increase in toxicity. Our results strengthen the case for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy as a primary treatment option for patients with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.
Regioselective 1,2-Carbosulfenylation of Unactivated Alkenes via Directed Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Lin , Meng Xiao , Xie Leipeng , Shen Qiuyang , Li Wenyi , Zhang Lanlan , Wang Chao
Published: February 2022

A bidentate directing group-assisted Ni-catalyzed three component 1,2-carbosulfenylation of unactivated alkenes with aryl/alkenyloronic acids and disulfide electrophiles is reported. The reaction affords the desired products with high levels of chemo- and regioselectivity. A wide range of aryl groups and sulfur moieties can be simultaneously installed in both internal and terminal homoallylic amines with excellent functional group tolerance. Notably, the alkene substrates with a chiral center at α-position furnish α,γ-dibranched thiolamines with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity that would otherwise be difficult to synthesize. The generality and scability could make this method attractive for preparing complex organosulfur compounds.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Mediates Transcriptional Alteration of Genes Involved in DNA Damage Response
Authors: Rajaei Amiratabak , Ghameshlou Armin , Shirkoohi Reza , Farahani Abbas Shakoori , Mirbagheri Seyedeh Zohre , Bakhtiari Ronak , Haeri Melikasadat , Rashidi-nezhad Ali , Alebouyeh Masoud
Published: February 2022

Background: Gastritis is among the most common human diseases worldwide. Although the involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection as a class I human carcinogen for gastric cancer progression is accepted, it is not well known how gastritis progression to atrophy and stomach cancer occurs. In this case-control study, the potential link of H. pylori infection with alteration in the transcription of genes involved in DNA Damage Response pathways was investigated among the patients with gastritis. Methods: To measure the difference in relative mRNA expression level of ATM, CHEK2, TP53, DCLRE1C, POLM, XRCC4 genes between H. pylori infected and non-infected patients, gastric biopsies of 30 H. pylori infected patients with moderate chronic gastritis and 30 non-infected patients with mild chronic gastritis were analyzed. Results: Up-regulation of genes linked to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway (DCLRE1C, POLM, and XRCC) was shown in 40% (8.44 fold ±13.91), 63.33% (15.72 fold ±33.08) and 50% (9.99 fold ±21.55), respectively, and also to DDR pathway (ATM, CHEK2 and TP53) in 33% (2.42 fold ±3.17), 40% (2.86 fold ±3.61) and 50% (5.00 fold ±6.52), respectively. No correlation was detected among alteration in the transcription level of the studied genes and age or gender.Conclusion: Our results provide new data that may support the potential involvement of H. pylori infection in the activation of genes involved in DNA damage response, mainly through non-homologous end joining DNA repair system that might be linked to mutagenesis in the pre-cancerous gastric tissue.
Time to sputum conversion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A score to estimate the infectious period.
Authors: Ramirez-Hidalgo Maria , Trujillano-Cabello Javier , Esplugues-Vidal Adrià , Reñé-Reñé Mercé , Santin Miguel , Sanchez-Montalva Adrián , Bernet-Sanchez Albert , Gros-Naves Laura , Falguera Miquel
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) disease and positive sputum cultures are the main source of infection. Culture conversion time is inconsistent and defining the length of respiratory isolation is challenging. The objective of this study is to develop a score to predict the length of isolation period.
Methods
A retrospective study was carried out to evaluated risk factors associated with persistent positive sputum cultures after 4 weeks of treatment in 229 patients with PTB. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determinate predictors for positive culture and a scoring system was created based on the coefficients of the final model.
Results
Sputum culture was persistently positive in 40.6%. Fever at consultation (1.87, 95% CI:1.02–3.41), smoking (2.44, 95% CI:1.36–4.37), > 2 affected lung lobes (1.95, 95% CI:1.08–3.54), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio > 3.5 (2.22, 95% CI:1.24–3.99), were significantly associated with delayed culture conversion. Therefore, we assembled a severity score that achieved an area under the curve of 0.71 (95% CI:0.64–0.78).
Conclusions
In patients with smear positive PTB, a score with clinical, radiological and analytical parameters can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decisions in isolation period.
Citizen-science map of the vaginal microbiome
Authors: Lebeer Sarah , Ahannach Sarah , Wittouck Stijn , Gehrmann Thies , Eilers Tom , Oerlemans Eline , Condori Sandra , Dillen Jelle , Spacova Irina , Donck Leonore Vander , Masquiller Caroline , Bron Peter , Beeck Wannes Van , De Backer Charlotte , Donders Gil , Verhoeven Veronique
Published: February 2022

The vaginal microbiome is crucial for women’s health and reproduction, but its ecology and determinants in the general population are still unclear. This lack of a reference framework hampers much-needed innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we remotely mapped the vaginal microbiome of 3,345 women in Western Europe via a citizen-science approach. More than 75% of the vaginal samples were dominated by Lactobacillus taxa, but not in discrete community state types. Compositional correlation network analysis validated with public data pointed at six main modules of interacting microbes: a Lactobacillus crispatus-, Lactobacillus iners-, Gardnerella-, Prevotella-, Anaerococcus-, and gut-derived module. In the first module, Limosilactobacillus taxa were functionally connected to L. crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii. This module was positively associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and negatively with the number of vaginal complaints, while the Gardnerella-module was associated with discharge and increasing age. Contraceptives with oestrogen correlated with higher levels of the L. crispatus- and less of the Gardnerella-module, with the opposite found for a hormonal intrauterine device or having multiple partners. Mothers had lower relative abundance of the L. crispatus-module and more Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus gasseri and Streptococcus. Other covariates such as BMI, menstrual pads and cups, smoking and dietary habits were also associated with the microbial constellation. These findings suggest that lifestyle interventions have potential to improve vaginal health when combined with dedicated therapies.
Etiological and Seasonal trend in Cardiovascular Disorder displays potential risk contributing towards the development of myocardial infarction
Authors: Patel Jai Chand , Gupta Apoorv , Waidha Kamran Manzoor , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Gunjan , Sardana Satish , Katare Deepshikha Pande , Sharma Arun K.
Published: February 2022

Seasonal variations in human cardiovascular system are known to play a key role in the onset of many maladies. Behavioural and environmental factors act as confounding variables, failing to address such variables makes it challenging to measure the true temporal impact of these diseases. Conversely, numerous clinical investigations suggest that only certain groups of people are more seasonal sensitive and their maladaptation can contribute to a range of sicknesses. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the etiological and seasonal sensitive patterns among cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affecting most of the human population. For this study, it was hypothesized that cardiovascular and related disorders have strong associations with seasonal sensitive physiological changes. Data mining was performed to extract the relevant information on the association between cardiovascular and related diseases. Disease ontology-based semantic similarity network (DSN) analysis was performed to narrow down the consequent CVDs. Furthermore, topological analysis was carried out to predict the seven CVDs in three clusters including myocardial infarction. Further, these seven CVDs were assessed for their seasonal sensitivity and temporal association among themselves using Mann-Kendall and cox-Stuart analyses. Moreover, temporal associations were verified using LOESS and TBATS. While seasonal decomposition was assessed by autocorrelation and fast Fourier transform outcomes. The study provides indirect evidence of severe seasonal cardiovascular comorbidity among the three cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and atherosclerosis, which are all prevalent in the world population. While two other CVDs i.e. hypertension and heart failure were also identified, with minor temporal trends. Hence, all five diseases could be classified as seasonal cardiovascular comorbid diseases (SCCD). Furthermore, these diseases could be studied for potential common risk factors such as biochemical, genetic, and physiological factors.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Prevalence of complaints related to violence against women in India - A cross-sectional comparative research study from 2014 to 2022?
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate
Published: February 2022

Violence against women is a global problem, affecting women around the world irrespective of age, races, education, ethnicity, groups, economy classes and nationalities. Sometimes in situation of disaster like covid-19 pandemic it may be a life-threatening situation for an individual woman. In India due to a huge female population, illiteracy, equity issues, gender issues, religious issues, lack of positive deviance, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration after marriage and in search of job from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to seek legal help, the safety of women is of prime concern. The key aim of this observational retrospective cross-sectional comparative mixed research study is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic era on Prevalence of complaints of violence against women in India, across 36 different states and union territories from the beginning of the pandemic i.e. January 2020 and comparing it with previous six pre-pandemic years. The objective is to find out that the ongoing covid-19 pandemic years has a positive or negative effect over prevalence of complaints of violence against women. Data from NCW (National Commission for Women) which set up by Act No. 20 of 1990 of Govt. of India as constitutional/ legislative body in January 1992 under the (National Commission for Women) NCW Act, 1990, is extracted, observed, analysed for this research study with Microsoft office and stata software. The period of study is from January 2014 to 2022 December (projected). This is an observational retrospective cross-sectional comparative mixed research study. The ongoing three years of covid-19 pandemic i.e. 2020 and 2021, 2022 is compared to previous pre-pandemic years to know the impact of covid-19 on complaints of violence against women in India. Increase in prevalence of complaint of violence against women in India is revealed in this research study during covid-19 pandemic years as compared to pre-pandemic era under observation except 2014. During the 2021, second year of covid-19 pandemic the total numbers of violence complaint Report of the Complaints Received by NCW was 30865 which is an increase by 55.03 percent compared to 2018 and 56.43% as compared to 2019. This research study found that National Commission for Women is expected to receive 35287 complaints of crimes committed against women in 2022 as per current trends, the highest in the last eight years. The barriers in delivery of legal and protective system and helpful services etc. should be rectified. A proper dynamic plan for women protection services working even in pandemics and natural disasters should be enforced and implemented.
The role of Emergency Medicine Interest Groups in the development of Emergency Medicine: A case of MUST-EMIG in Uganda
Authors: Kajjimu Jonathan , Odakha Justine Athieno , Nakachwa Janat , Kaginda Beneth Tusiime , Makai Conrad , Karungi Annet , Lubega Frank , Tukamuwebwa Jespa , Kakande Reagan , Lyon Mary Ellen , Tagg Andrew
Published: February 2022

Background Emergency medicine (EM) is a new specialty in Uganda since 2017 which is currently actively engaged in improving its emergency care system. To build a strong emergency care system, it is important to have a critical mass of specially trained health professionals with the skillset and dedication to work in emergency departments. There is no current formal EM undergraduate curriculum and so most undergraduates do not get the chance to interact with the new specialists and to gain interest. The MUST-EMIG was established to bridge this gap. This study was done to assess the contribution of MUST-EMIG towards the development of this critical mass. Objectives 1. Discover students' reasons for joining the Mbarara University of Science and Technology Emergency Medicine Interest Group (MUST-EMIG). 2. Assess whether interest in learning emergency medicine was affected by participation in MUST-EMIG. 3. Evaluate plans to pursue emergency medicine as a specialty before and after joining MUST-EMIG. 4. Determine whether MUST-EMIG affected students’ perception of emergency medicine’s importance in Uganda’s health care system. 5. Elicit feedback from students on their experience as members of MUST-EMIG. MethodsThe MUST-EMIG executive developed a membership survey which was reviewed by MUST-EMIG’s faculty advisor for suitability. Members of MUST-EMIG were voluntarily asked to participate in the online survey. Results of the survey were summarized using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Results49 responses (46.7% response rate) were collected and analysed. Participants included 29 (59.2%) male and 20 (40.8%) female medical students. The majority of participants were fourth year students 22 (44.9%). 44 (89.8%) students joined MUST-EMIG to learn how to handle medical emergencies, and expressed a desire of at least 6/10 to learn more about emergency medicine after utilising opportunities provided by MUST-EMIG. Overall, students had a good experience with MUST-EMIG. They reported that our interest group had provided them networking, unique learning, and leadership opportunities. Having an EMIG significantly affects students’ desire to pursue a career in emergency medicine and their perception of the relevance of emergency medicine. ConclusionAn EMIG helps develop interest of medical students in emergency medicine. Students passionate about emergency medicine need to be supported to help them preserve and further develop this passion.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states (Time: the collateral dimension)
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates Georges
Published: February 2022

Two hypotheses stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that the present expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω = 1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end at its maximum expansion (3D Space). The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical, always alternating phases of expansion and contraction. This proposal aims to demonstrate that both hypotheses can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in static states of minimum and maximum expansion of the Universe. With our Universe (3D Space) created and existing between these extreme states, the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, becomes inadequate for this analysis; therefore, the concept of absolute rest energy (1D Space) is applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our Universe, and making possible a relative maintenance of any existence.
Target Interaction of Cas9-sgRNA Influences DNA Double Strand Break Repair Pathway Choices in CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
Authors: Xie An-Yong , Liu Si-Cheng , Feng Yi-Li , Sun Xiu-Na , Chen Ruo-Dan , Liu Qian , Xiao Jing-Jing , Xiang Ji-Feng , Chen Guo-Qiao , Yang Yi , Lou Chao , Li Hao-Dan , Xu Shi-Ming , Lin Hui
Published: February 2022

Background Due to post-cleavage residence of the Cas9-sgRNA complex at its target, Cas9-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have to be exposed in order to engage DSB repair pathways. Target interaction of Cas9-sgRNA determines its target-binding affinity and modulates its post-cleavage target-residence duration and exposure of Cas9-induced DSBs. This exposure by different mechanisms may initiate variable cellular DNA damage response, thus influencing DSB repair pathway choices and contributing to mutational heterogeneity in genome editing. However, this regulation of DSB repair pathway choices is poorly understood. Results In repair of Cas9-induced DSBs, repair pathway choices vary widely at different target sites and classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) is not even engaged at some sites. Weakening target interaction of Cas9-sgRNA promotes bias towards c-NHEJ, which is intrinsically accurate for Cas9-induced DSBs. As an important strategy for enhancing homology-directed repair, inactivation of c-NHEJ however aggravates off-target activities of Cas9-sgRNA due to its weak interaction with off-target sites. By dislodging Cas9-sgRNA from its cleaved targets, DNA replication alters DSB end configurations and suppresses c-NHEJ in favor of other repair pathways whereas transcription has little effect on DSB repair pathway choices. Dissociation of Cas9-sgRNA from its cleaved target by DNA replication may generate three-ended DSBs, resulting in palindromic fusion of sister chromatids, a potential source for CRISPR/Cas9-induced on-target chromosomal rearrangements. Conclusions Target interaction of Cas9-sgRNA modulates DSB repair pathway choices likely through varying dissociation of Cas9-sgRNA from cleaved DNA, thus widening on-target and off-target mutational spectra in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.
Associations of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G Polymorphisms With the Risk of Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Sun Shuang , Liu Ying , Hu Xiaoling , Guo Xuehua , Zhao Xun
Published: February 2022

Background: To explore the relationship between maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T and A1298C, Methionine Synthase Reductase (MTRR) gene A66G and the recurrence of low birth weight(LBW) in offspring. Methods: Our case-control study enrolled 106 maternal blood samples of premature infants and 168 maternal blood samples of normal births.Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) assay combined with TaqMan probe technique were used to detect the mother’s MTHFR and MTRR genotypes respectively. And unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of MTHFR and MTRR polymorphisms, and gene-gene interaction with low birth weight.Results: MTHFR 677TT and 1298CC were independently associated with a higher risk of LBW (OR:2.22, 95%CI:1.14-4.34 and OR:2.82, 95% CI:1.15-6.87,respectively). The MTRR A66G polymorphism was associated with an significant association of LBW when combined with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, although there was no association found between LBW and MTRR A66G alone.Moreover, two or more risk genotypes carriers showed higher odds of LBW than null risk genotype one.Conclusion: Maternal MTHFR gene 677TT, 1298CC can increase the risk of LBW in the offspring.The MTRR A66G polymorphism was not associated with LBW alone. But it may exacerbate the effect of the MTHFR C677T variant.
Pemanfaatan E-Learning Untuk Inovasi Pembelajaran Aksara Jawa Bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Aditya W. Mahastama  , Lucia D. Krisnawati  , Laurentius Kuncoro Probo Saputra
Published: February 2022

Indonesia adalah bangsa yang terdiri dari berbagai suku dengan tradisi, bahasa dan kearifan lokal yang kaya. Namun, minat generasi masa kini untuk mempelajari dan menerapkan budaya daerahnya semakin menipis, terutama dalam mempelajari bahasa dan aksara daerahnya. Hal ini menjadi tantangan bagi para pengajar dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran budaya daerah sebagai muatan lokal kepada para siswa di sekolah, termasuk di sekolah-sekolah menengah atas di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Dengan kondisi lingkungan yang semakin longgar dalam menerapkan aspek-aspek budaya dan heterogennya daerah asal siswa, pengajaran bahasa dan aksara Jawa membutuhkan inovasi untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, sekaligus memudahkan siswa dengan berbagai latar belakang budaya untuk menerima pelajaran. Pengembangan aplikasi belajar aksara Jawa berbasis web menjadi bagian solusi bagi permasalahan tersebut. Aplikasi ini dirancang dengan aspek-aspek yang disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan siswa saat ini yang terbiasa menggunakan gawai, serta menerapkan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran yang lebih menekankan pada aspek perulangan dari pada hafalan untuk memberikan pengalaman belajar yang baru dan menarik. Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat melakukan kegiatan pendampingan penggunaan Aplikasi Belajar Aksara Jawa secara luring dan daring pada sekolah-sekolah mitra, yaitu SMA Immanuel Kalasan dan SMA Budya Wacana Yogyakarta untuk meningkatkan daya serap pembelajaran aksara Jawa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Jawa. Pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web ini juga bertepatan dengan dilaksanakannya pembelajaran daring mengikuti penerapan protokol kesehatan selama wabah COVID-19, sehingga sekaligus menjadi solusi yang tepat guna bagi siswa yang saat ini belajar secara daring dari rumah
Selection of Inventory Valuation Method Using FIFO and Weighted Averaged
Authors: Azahra Aulia , Siauwijaya Rahmat
Published: February 2022

The research aims to analyze the factors that influence the selection of inventory valuation methods. This study employs case questions and SPSS version 24 to answer the research questions. Seventy-three manufacturing firms listed in the Indonesian stock exchange from 2010-2019 were selected with the purposive sampling method and analyzed with binary logistic regression. The results reveal that the selection of inventory valuation method affected taxes, net income, and ending inventory. Moreover, it is found that Inventory turnover and gross profit margin significantly affect inventory valuation selection methods. In contrast, current ratio and financial leverage do not significantly affect inventory valuation selection methods.
Study on water hammer protection of the siphon breaking structure in the water supply system
Authors: Lyu Jiawen , Zhang Jian , Wang Tengyue
Published: February 2022

An appropriate water hammer protective scheme is a significant concern in the operation of water supply projects. According to the special terrain in the water supply project, which forms a siphon breaking structure at the end of the pipeline, three protective schemes were proposed and compared: single vacuum breaking valve (VBV) scheme, VBV and air valve scheme, and VBV and one-way surge tower scheme. Based on the control standards of pipe pressure, the three protective schemes were assessed in terms of suppressing the negative pressure caused by a pump trip accident. The results show that the siphon breaking structure with the VBV can achieve good effect protection only in a limited range of pipelines. In the VBV and air valve scheme, the pressure oscillations were obviously caused by repeated inlet and exhaust of the air valves. To avoid supplementing too much gas in the pipe by air valves, which will result in a gas column bridging phenomenon, the VBV and one-way surge tower scheme is proposed and can better meet the requirement of the pressure control standard.
Quantifying the resilience of the water-energy nexus for a reservoir-pump station system
Authors: Yao Jun
Published: February 2022

Most inter-basin water diversion projects have been constructed to cope with water shortage problems. These projects usually have multiple reservoirs and pump stations connected to each other. Most previous studies focus solely on the operation of reservoirs aiming to supply more water rather than the joint operation of the reservoir-pump station system. Project operations that ignore the pump station may not be cost effective. In addition, future water availability is of great uncertainty that will affect the system's performance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the tradeoffs between water supply and power net revenue (considering power generation by hydropower stations and power consumption by pump stations) under different water availability scenarios, which can be used to inform policies. A resilience metric is introduced to evaluate the joint system performance. An optimization model including two objectives: social perspective (minimum of total water shortage) and economic perspective (maximum of power net revenue) is considered for the study area: the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Valley Water Diversion Project. Results mainly show that two objectives are in a contradictory relationship. If future streamflow does not decrease, the water supply sector could at least meet 50% of the water demand in recipient area.
Estimation of sedimentation in the Manwan and Jinghong reservoirs on the Lancang river
Authors: Sun Zhilin , Sun Lixia , Zheng Haolei , Li Zongyu
Published: February 2022

The Lancang reservoirs play an essential role in China's national economy and life, and the study of reservoir siltation is of great significance to ensure its sustainable service for the nation and people. In this paper, reservoir sedimentation is quantified in stages by empirical models and theoretical methods using reservoir information and sediment data to reveal the latest status of siltation in the Lancang reservoirs. Results show that the storage capacity loss of the Manwan and Jinghong reservoirs reached 51.4% and 1.54% by 2019, which illustrates that the situation of siltation is serious. The theoretical trapping efficiency of Manwan reservoir was about 69% and the estimation result of the Brune method performed best with a value of 67.5% among the empirical methods. The Brune method was then modified with a correction coefficient and the revised Brune method can be used for the estimation of trapping efficiency in other reservoirs. Overall, this paper presents relatively accurate information for managers to understand the current state of siltation in the Lancang reservoirs, and can provide scientific guidance and data support for them to take measures to reduce sedimentation and ensure the sustainability of reservoirs.
Evaluation of microbial agents as corrosion and scale inhibitor for industrial cooling water applications
Authors: Hu Yanglin , Chen Chuanmin , Liu Songtao
Published: February 2022

In this study, six strains of microbial agents were investigated as environmently friendly scale and corrosion inhibitors for industrial cooling water applications. The static jar tests along with characterization methods were applied to evaluate the scale inhibition performance. Results showed that under a concentration of 240 mg/L, the nitrobacteria, denitrobacteria and Lactobacillus agents reached high CaCO3 scale inhibition efficiencies of 83, 82, and 86% respectively. Characterization methods indicated the deposited crystals morphologies were modified and the crystals peak intensities were lowered. In addition, weight loss measurements, electrochemical measurements, surface characterization analyses were conducted to study the corrosion inhibition performances and mechanisms. It was found that at 40 °C, Bacillus cereus agent with 200 mg/L possessed the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 60.11% at 3 d, together with the second-lowest current density of 13.0 μA cm−2 at 12 d. The corrosion inhibition mechanisms were attributed to biofilm accumulation and biomineralization on Q235 CS surfaces to form protective film. The results suggested microbial agents have promising potential as environmently friendly scale and corrosion inhibitors for industrial cooling water applications.
Behavior of matrix parameters and their correlation to micro-pollutant degradation during treatment of real wastewater by carrier-bound photocatalytic ozonation
Authors: Mehling Simon , Schnabel Tobias , Londong Jörg
Published: February 2022

Immobilized titanium dioxide catalysts were used within a photocatalytic immersion rotary body reactor, which was connected to a substream ozonation unit to remove micro-pollutants from wastewater. Within this work data on the behavior of cumulative parameters during treatment of wastewater by photocatalysis and photocatalytic ozonation are provided. The investigated parameters are spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm (SAC254), total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). All experiments were carried out using secondary effluent from the same wastewater treatment plant. For the parameter SAC254, consistent concentration curves and dependencies to operational parameters of the experimental system could be measured. The measurements of the parameters TOC and COD showed greater uncertainties, although basic trends could nonetheless be observed. A good linear correlation (R2 < 0.85) between the reduction of SAC254 and 8 micro-pollutants for photocatalysis and photocatalytic ozonation was found. This confirms the suitability of the SAC254 as a control parameter for a large-scale application of a photocatalytic 4th treatment stage. A linear correlation between measured TOC and COD degradation rates was possible with a coefficient of determination of 0.58–0.86. The simultaneous decrease of TOC and COD is an indicator for a mineralization of the treated wastewater matrix.
Los mejores esfuerzos (best efforts) en la contratación corporativa y financiera
Authors: García Long Sergio
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo trata sobre el uso de la cláusula de mejores esfuerzos (best efforts) en la práctica corporativa y financiera. Para ello, se desarrolla a los best efforts según la práctica americana e inglesa para luego analizar cómo dicha cláusula anglosajona puede ser entendida en general en jurisdicciones civilistas. Finalmente, se analiza en concreto a la cláusula hell or high water y al contrato de best efforts underwriting.
Debatable Provisions Concerning Characteritic and Estimation of Capacity of Organization Intangible Assets
Authors: Manuylenko V. V. , Galasova M. V.
Published: February 2022

In conditions of digital economy development intangible assets act as one of key sources of progress, as a strategic factor influencing conditions and prospects of the national finance system development, which stipulates topicality and timeliness of the research. The absence of a simple definition of the notion ’intangible assets’ in Russian and overseas literature, its close connection and coincidence with such terms as ‘intangible, intellectual assets’, ‘goodwill’, ‘intellectual capital’, poor understanding of industrial purpose of intangible assets in organization business make up debatable aspects of the paper. The goal of the research is to reveal the economic content and to estimate capacity of organization intangible assets. As for the theoretical aspect of the research the author studies the notion ‘organization intangible assets’ in view of Russian and overseas legislation, identifies its distinctive characteristic and shows the logical interrelation between such notions as ‘intangible, intellectual assets’, ‘goodwill’, ‘intellectual capital’. Concerning the practical field of the research the author grounds the choice of J. Tobin coefficient both for estimation of intangible asset capacity and assessing the risk of getting / missing profits of their use. As a result a low capacity of intangible assets was elicited, which at the same time show risk of inefficiency use.
Digital Technologies for Modeling Bisuness for the Start-Up
Authors: Elina O. A.
Published: February 2022

The article provides a criterial assessment of the notion ‘start-up’ in the context of its use in business environment and academic literature and, at the same time, the author’s definition of the term. By analyzing the potential of Russian business in view of possibilities for start-up development the author shows key problems of businesspeople-beginners. The goal of the research is to demonstrate how digital technologies promote business start and what opportunities can be used to bring into life its major characteristic, i.e. impetuous growth within a short period of time. The author analyzes existing on the market information technologies for start-ups, systematizes principle requirements to them and shows accessibility of free BMP-systems in initial variants for small and medium entrepreneurship (SME). Findings of the research prove that start-up emergence in SME environment is, on the one hand, a challenge to the given sector and, on the other hand, could create a spot of global growth for national economy. Digital transformation today takes place in location, where existing digital structures are digitalized or new ones are designed. The most important of them are digital, automated structures of sale and marketing; new types of customer loyalty, support and service; new products, services and business-models. The author identifies 4 problems for conventionally positioned companies with the analogue business-model: digital transformation provides tools, environment and opportunities for improving the existing business-processes and implementing new business ideas, which require operative introduction; business-models of start-ups make competition in SME environment more severe; traditional policy of ‘zero mistake’ would not allow small and medium enterprises to introduce innovation and retain highly-qualified personnel. Solution of these problems can give an opportunity to move a traditional MSE company to the category of start-up.
Cathepsin B-A Neuronal Death Mediator in Alzheimer’s Disease Leading to Neurodegeneration
Authors: Singh Sushil Kumar , Sharma Anjali , Swetha Rayala , Bajad Nilesh Gajanan , Ganeshpurkar Ankit , Singh Ravi , Kumar Ashok
Published: February 2022

The lysosomal cysteine protease enzyme, named Cathepsin B, mainly degrades the protein and manages its average turnover in our body. The Cathepsin B active form is mostly present inside the lysosomal part at a cellular level, providing the slightly acidic medium for its activation. Multiple findings on Cathepsin B reveal its involvement in neurons’ degeneration and a possible role as a neuronal death mediator in several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review article, we highlight the participation of Cathepsin B in the etiology/progress of AD, along with various other factors. The enzyme is involved in producing neurotoxic Aβ amyloid in the AD brain by acting as the β-secretase enzyme in the regulated secretory pathways responsible for APP processing. Aβ amyloid accumulation and amyloid plaque formation lead to neuronal degeneration, one of the prominent pathological hallmarks of AD. Cathepsin B is also involved in the production of PGlu-Aβ, which is a truncated and highly neurotoxic form of Aβ. Some of the findings also revealed that Cathepsin B specific gene deletion decreases the level of PGlu-Aβ inside the brain of experimental mice. Therefore, neurotoxicity might be considered a new pathological indication of AD due to the involvement of Cathepsin B. It also damages neurons present in the CNS region by producing inflammatory responses and generating mitochondrial ROS. However, Cathepsin B inhibitors, i.e., CA-074, can prevent neuronal death in AD patients. The other natural inhibitors are also equally effective against neuronal damage with higher selectivity. Its synthetic inhibitors are specific for their target; however, they lose their selectivity in the presence of quite a few reducing agents. Therefore, a humanized monoclonal antibody is used as a selective Cathepsin B inhibitor to overcome the problem experienced. The use of Cathepsin B for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases could be considered a rational therapeutic target.
“It [Diabetes] is From God and I Need to Take Care of Myself”: Type 1 Diabetes
Self-Management Among Adolescents and Their Parents in Jordan
Authors: Momani Aaliyah Muntaser , Callery Peter , Lin Yin-Ling , Abduelkader Raghad Hussein , AL Akash Hekmat Y.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Type 1 diabetes is the most common endocrine condition among adolescents. Diabetes self-management can be challenging during adolescence.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to understand how adolescents and their parents manage
type 1 diabetes in Jordan.

Methods:

Constructivist grounded theory methodology principles were used to achieve the study
aim. A total of 48 participants were recruited using purposive and theoretical sampling techniques,
including adolescents and their parents. Data were collected (October 2016 - April 2017) using 38
semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews (one-to-one or joint interviews based on participants’
preferences). Data were collected and analyzed concurrently using different levels of coding, constant comparative analysis, and memo writing. This study was approved by relevant ethics committees from the University of Manchester and Jordan University Hospital.

Results:

The theme of living with diabetes is presented and discussed in this article. Culture
emerged as the central theme; two aspects of culture are presented in this article: collectivism and
cultural beliefs.

Conclusion:

This study identified that diabetes self-management could be influenced by the culture in which Jordanian adolescents live in as well as being shaped by their religious beliefs. These
findings are potentially transferable to other Arab and non-Arab countries that share similar cultural aspects and religious beliefs.
Recent Advancements of Stimuli-Responsive Targeted Liposomal
Formulations for Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Alrbyawi Hamad , Poudel Ishwor , Annaji Manjusha , Arnold Robert D. , Tiwari Amit K. , Babu R. Jayachandra
Published: February 2022

Liposomes have gained attention as a well-accepted nanocarrier for several chemotherapeutic
drugs and are considered a drug delivery system of choice for a wide range of products.
These amphipathic spherical vesicles primarily consist of one or more phospholipid bilayers,
showing promise for drug delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in addition to
unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and nonimmunogenicity.
Recent advances in liposomes are mainly centered on chemical and structural
modification with the multifunctional approach to target the cancer cells activating the offensive
mechanisms within the proximity of the tumors. Stimuli-responsive liposomes are a precisive approach
to deliver and release chemotherapeutic drugs in the tumor site in a controlled fashion, thus
reducing damage to normal tissues and preventing the side effects of the conventional chemotherapy
regimen. The unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment facilitate applying an endogenous
stimulus (pH, redox potential, or enzymatic activity) to trigger the release of the drug or
the application of an external stimulus (heat or light) to tailor the drug release from liposomes.
This review focuses on newer developments in stimuli-sensitive liposomal drug delivery systems
designed to implement either exogenous (temperature, light, and magnetic field) or endogenous
(pH changes, enzymatic triggers, or redox potential) approaches.
Richtlijn stotteren 2020: Wat er is veranderd en waarom
Authors: Oonk Leonoor , Busser Anneke
Published: February 2022

De evidence-based richtlijn stotteren geeft antwoord op een aantal uitgangsvragen over onderzoek, behandeling, verwijzing en nazorg bij personen die stotteren. In 2020 is de richtlijn uit 2014 herzien. Het startpunt was om geen nieuwe uitgangsvragen te formulerenmaar om de bestaande vragen te actualiseren. De werkgroep die de richtlijnherziening heeft uitgevoerd bestond uit vertegenwoordigers van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Logopedie en Foniatrie (NVLF), deNederlandse Vereniging voor Stottertherapie (NVST) en de patiëntenvereniging de Nederlandse Stottervereniging Demosthenes (Demosthenes).
Relevante nieuwe publicaties werden geëvalueerd en gewaardeerd op kwaliteit van bewijs. De gebruikers van de richtlijn is gevraagd om commentaar te geven op de oude richtlijn. Dit commentaar is meegenomen in de overwegingen.
In dit artikel worden de wijzigingen in de aanbevelingen per uitgangsvraag toegelicht en onderbouwd. Daarbij wordt ook aangegeven welk nader onderzoek gewenst is om lacunes op te vullen in de kennis over de diagnostiek en behandeling van stotteren.
Расчетная модель приемника тепловых изображений в архитектуре электронно-оптического преобразователя
Authors: Гревцев А.C. , Золотухин П.А. , Ильичев Э.А. , Петрухин Г.Н. , Попов А.В. , Рычков Г.С.
Published: February 2022

An innovative design is considered, and the results of analysis and calculations of the characteristics of a thermal image receiver (3-15 microns), made in the electron-optical converter architecture, are presented. For the sensor-converting pyroelectric unit of the electron-optical converter, the spatial dependences of the electric field strengths and the values of the electric potentials on the spontaneous polarization of the film substance are calculated. Estimates are obtained and the characteristics of thermal-field-induced polarization of various pyroelectric films are discussed. The temperature dependences of the polarization characteristics of a number of pyroelectric films are calculated using the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. Possible contributions of the piezoelectric effect to the picture of the distribution of electric potentials from the thermal polarization of pyroelectric films are taken into account. Estimates are obtained for the limiting values of the main instrument characteristics of the electron-optical converter.