bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Series of a Four-node Motif and Coherent Type-1 Feed-forward Loop can Provide Sensitive Detection over Arbitrary Range of Input Signal, thereby Explain Weber’s Law in Higher-Order Sensory Processes, and Compute Logarithm
Authors: Wadhwa Dinkar
Published: April 2020

Weber’s law states that the ratio of the smallest perceptual change in an input signal and the background signal is constant. The law is observed across the perception of weight, light intensity, and sound intensity and pitch. Conventionally, two models of perception have been proposed to explain Weber’s law, namely the logarithmic and the linear model. Later, another formulation of Weber’s law was proposed which links it with exact adaptation. This paper argues in favour of the linear model, which requires the sensory system to generate linear input-output relationship over several orders of magnitude. To this end, a four-node motif (FNM) is constructed from first principles whose series provides almost linear relationship between input signal and output over arbitrary range of input signal. Mathematical analysis into the origin of this quasi-linear relationship shows that the series of coherent type-1 feed-forward loop (C1-FFL) is able to provide perfectly linear input-output relationship over arbitrary range of input signal. FNM also reproduces the neuronal data of numerosity detection study on monkey. The series of FNM also provides a mechanism for sensitive detection over arbitrary range of input signal when the output has an upper limit. Further, the series of FNM provides a general basis for a class of bow-tie architecture where the number of receptors is much lower than the range of input signal and the “decoded output”. Besides (quasi-)linear input-output relationship, another example of this class of bow-tie architecture that the series of FNM is able to produce is absorption spectra of cone opsins of humans. Further, the series of FNM and C1-FFL, respectively, can compute logarithm over arbitrary range of input signal.
Climate, crypsis and Gloger’s rule in a large family of tropical passerine birds (Furnariidae)
Authors: Marcondes Rafael S. , Nations Jonathan A. , Seeholzer Glenn F. , Brumfield Robb T.
Published: April 2020

Gloger’s rule predicts endothermic animals should have darker colors under warm and rainy climates, but empirical studies have typically found that animals tend to be darker under cool and rainy climates. Moreover, Gloger’s rule has rarely been tested jointly with the prediction that animals occupying dark habitats should have darker colors to enhance crypsis. We aimed to disentangle the effects of climate and light environments (habitat type) as correlates of plumage brightness in a large Neotropical passerine family. We found that cooler and rainier climates are associated with darker plumage, even after accounting for habitat types, and that darker habitats are associated with darker plumage, even after accounting climate. There was an important interaction between precipitation and temperature, whereby the negative effect of temperature on brightness becomes stronger under cooler temperatures. Climate and light environments have separate but complementary effects in driving macroevolutionary patterns of plumage color variation in birds.
Thyroglobulin Interactome Profiling Uncovers Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis
Authors: Wright Madison T. , Kouba Logan , Plate Lars
Published: April 2020

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a secreted iodoglycoprotein serving as the precursor for T3 and T4 hormones. Many characterized Tg gene mutations produce secretion-defective variants resulting in congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Tg processing and secretion is controlled by extensive interactions with chaperone, trafficking, and degradation factors comprising the secretory proteostasis network. While dependencies on individual proteostasis network components are known, the integration of proteostasis pathways mediating Tg protein quality control and the molecular basis of mutant Tg misprocessing remain poorly understood. We employ a multiplexed quantitative affinity purification–mass spectrometry approach to define the Tg proteostasis interactome and changes between WT and several CH-variants. Mutant Tg processing is associated with common imbalances in proteostasis engagement including increased chaperoning, oxidative folding, and routing towards ER-associated degradation components, yet variants are inefficiently degraded. Furthermore, we reveal mutation-specific changes in engagement with N-glycosylation components, suggesting distinct requirements for one Tg variant on dual engagement of both oligosaccharyltransferase complex isoforms for degradation. Modulating dysregulated proteostasis components and pathways may serve as a therapeutic strategy to restore Tg secretion and thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
An approach for normalization and quality control for NanoString RNA expression data
Authors: Bhattacharya Arjun , Hamilton Alina M. , Furberg Helena , Pietzak Eugene , Purdue Mark P. , Troester Melissa A. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Love Michael I.
Published: April 2020

The NanoString RNA counting assay for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples is unique in its sensitivity, technical reproducibility, and robustness for analysis of clinical and archival samples. While commercial normalization methods are provided by NanoString, they are not optimal for all settings, particularly when samples exhibit strong technical or biological variation or where housekeeping genes have variable performance across the cohort. Here, we develop and evaluate a more comprehensive normalization procedure for NanoString data with steps for quality control, selection of housekeeping targets, normalization, and iterative data visualization and biological validation. The approach was evaluated using a large cohort (N = 1,649) from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, two cohorts of moderate sample size (N = 359 and 130), and a small published dataset (N = 12). The iterative process developed here eliminates technical variation (e.g. from different study phases or sites) more reliably than the three other methods, including NanoString’s commercial package, without diminishing biological variation, especially in long-term longitudinal multi-phase or multi-site cohorts. We also find that probe sets validated for nCounter, such as the PAM50 gene signature, are impervious to batch issues. This work emphasizes that systematic quality control, normalization, and visualization of NanoString nCounter data is an imperative component of study design that influences results in downstream analyses.
Activity dependent translation in astrocytes dynamically alters the proteome of the perisynaptic astrocyte process
Authors: Sapkota D. , Kater M.S.J. , Sakers K. , Nygaard K.R. , Liu Y. , Lake A.M. , Khazanchi R. , Khankan R.R. , Smit A.B. , Maloney S.E. , Verheijen M.H.G. , Zhang Y. , Dougherty J.D.
Published: April 2020

Gene expression requires two steps – transcription and translation – which can be regulated independently to allow nuanced, localized, and rapid responses to cellular stimuli. Neurons are known to respond transcriptionally and translationally to bursts of brain activity, and a transcriptional response to this activation has also been recently characterized in astrocytes. However, the extent to which astrocytes respond translationally is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytes also have a programmed translational response by characterizing the change in transcript ribosome occupancy in astrocytes using Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification(TRAP) subsequent to a robust induction of neuronal activityin vivovia acute seizure. We identified a change in transcripts on astrocyte ribosomes, highlighted by a rapid decrease in transcripts coding for ribosomal and mitochondrial components, and a rapid increase in transcripts related to cytoskeletal dynamics, motor activity, ion transport, and cell communication. This indicates a set of dynamic responses, some of which might be secondary to activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase(TRK) signaling. Using acute slices, we quantified the extent to which individual cues and sequela of neuronal activity can activate translation acutely in astrocytes. We identified both BDNF and ion concentration changes as contributors to translation induction, with potassium using both action-potential sensitive and insensitive components. We showed this translational response requires the presence of neurons, indicating the response is non-cell autonomous. We also show that this induction of new translation extends into peripheral astrocyte processes (PAPs). Accordingly, proteomics following fear conditioning in mice, showed that new translation influences peri-synaptic astrocyte protein compositionin vivounder physiological conditions. Regulation of translation in astrocytes by neuronal activity suggests an additional mechanism by which astrocytes may dynamically modulate nervous system functioning.

Main Points

Astrocytes have a programmed, transcript-specific translational response to neuronal activity.

Both BDNF and K+, cues of neuronal activity, trigger this response.

This response requires the presence of neurons.

This response alters the astrocytic protein composition at the synapse.
Whole transcriptomein-silicoscreening implicates cardiovascular and infectious disease in the mechanism of action underlying atypical antipsychotic side-effects
Authors: Malekizadeh Yasaman , Williams Gareth , Kelson Mark , Whitfield David , Mill Jonathan , Collier David A , Ballard Clive , Jeffries Aaron R , Creese Byron
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION

Stroke/thromboembolic events, infections and death are all significantly increased by antipsychotics in dementia but little is known about why they can be harmful. Using a novel application of a drug repurposing paradigm, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms underlying adverse events.

METHOD

Whole transcriptome signatures were generated for SH-SY5Y cells treated with amisulpride, risperidone and volinanserin using RNA-sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed which scored the association between antipsychotic signatures and expression data from 415,252 samples in the NCBI GEO repository.

RESULTS

Atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism and influenza NCBI GEO-derived samples scored positively against antipsychotic signatures. Pathways enriched in antipsychotic signatures were linked to the cardiovascular and immune systems (e.g. BDNF, PDGFR-beta, TNF, TGF-beta, selenoamino acid metabolism and influenza infection).

CONCLUSION

These findings for the first time mechanistically link antipsychotics to specific cardiovascular and infectious diseases which are known side effects of their use in dementia, providing new information to explain related adverse events.
Scanning electron microscopy as a method for sample visualization in protein X-ray crystallography
Authors: Beale Emma V. , Warren Anna J. , Trincão José , Beilsten-Edmands James , Crawshaw Adam D. , Sutton Geoff , Stuart David , Evans Gwyndaf
Published: April 2020

Developing methods to determine high-resolution structures from micrometre- or even submicrometre-sized protein crystals has become increasingly important in recent years. This applies to both large protein complexes and membrane proteins, where protein production and the subsequent growth of large homogeneous crystals is often challenging, and to samples which yield only micro- or nanocrystals such as amyloid or viral polyhedrin proteins. The versatile macromolecular crystallography microfocus (VMXm) beamline at Diamond Light Source specializes in X-ray diffraction measurements from micro- and nanocrystals. Because of the possibility of measuring data from crystalline samples that approach the resolution limit of visible-light microscopy, the beamline design includes a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to visualize, locate and accurately centre crystals for X-ray diffraction experiments. To ensure that scanning electron microscopy is an appropriate method for sample visualization, tests were carried out to assess the effect of SEM radiation on diffraction quality. Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin protein crystals cryocooled on electron-microscopy grids were exposed to SEM radiation before X-ray diffraction data were collected. After processing the data with DIALS, no statistically significant difference in data quality was found between datasets collected from crystals exposed and not exposed to SEM radiation. This study supports the use of an SEM as a tool for the visualization of protein crystals and as an integrated visualization tool on the VMXm beamline.
Syntheses and crystal structures of two piperine derivatives
Authors: Ezawa Toshinari , Inoue Yutaka , Murata Isamu , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Takao Koichi , Sugita Yoshiaki , Kanamoto Ikuo
Published: April 2020

The title compounds, 5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-cyclohexylpenta-2,4-dienamide, C18H21NO3 (I), and 5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one C16H17NO3 (II), are derivatives of piperine, which is known as a pungent component of pepper. Their geometrical parameters are similar to those of the three polymorphs of piperine, which indicate conjugation of electrons over the length of the molecules. The extended structure of (I) features N—H...O amide hydrogen bonds, which generate C(4) [010] chains. The crystal of (II) features aromatic π–π stacking, as for two of three known piperine polymorphs.
A novel method to protect bronze in atmospheric environment: the click-assembly of triazole film
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhang Kai , Zhang Lin , Lu Jiamin , Li Jin , Zhang Daquan , Gao Lixin
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The authors have prepared the triazole film on copper surface by click reaction and explored its inhibition mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

The protective film is assembled by immersing bronze in solution containing p-toluenesulfonyl azide (TA) and propiolic acid (PA).

Findings

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicates that triazole (TTP) film was formed on bronze surface via click chemistry reaction between TA and PA. It shows TTP film has a good protection for bronze in the atmospheric environment simulation solution. Quantum chemical calculation (QC) and molecule dynamics simulation suggests TTP molecule adsorbs on bronze surface via N and O.

Originality/value

This is beneficial to develop the corrosion inhibitors for the corroded copper alloys.
Study of the corrosion protection efficiency of polypyrrole/metal oxide nanocomposites as additives in anticorrosion coating
Authors: Rajkumar R. , Vedhi C.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Polypyrrole (PPy) and PPy/metal oxide nanocomposites were synthesized by oxidative polymerization process, and its corrosion protection ability was studied by immersion test and electrochemical corrosion studies in 1 per cent HCl and 3.5 per cent NaCl solution.

Design/methodology/approach

The prepared composites were loaded in acrylic resin and subsequently coated on a mild steel surface. The characterization of the polymer composites using FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD and FE-SEM with EDS analysis confirmed the interaction between PPy and metal oxide nanoparticles. The PPy nanoparticles were less protected on the mild steel, but the nanocomposite coating with metal oxide nanoparticles dramatically increased the corrosion resistance.

Findings

According to the corrosion protection ability of the coating, it was demonstrated that the acrylic resin coating composed of PPy/metal oxide nanocomposites was highly efficient in protecting the mild steel compared to the PPy nanoparticles. The highest protection efficiency was obtained by PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites with acrylic resin coating.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper consists of original, unpublished work which is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and that all the co-authors have approved the contents of this manuscript and submission.
What is discussed about eldercare?
Authors: Zhao Dongxiang , Zhang Qiping , Ma Feicheng
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate eldercare issues in China through exploring what was discussed about eldercare in a Chinese online community for older adults (OCOA).

Design/methodology/approach

Netnography was used to explore eldercare-related online discussion in a Chinese OCOA – LaoYouBang. After a two-month-long online observation, 275 microblogs and 594 comments were collected and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Findings

The main findings include as follows: the users involved in an online discussion about eldercare were consist of four categories, namely, elderly user, non-elderly user, advertiser and community administrator. Non-elderly user include the elderly’s caregivers and families, young and middle-aged people concerning about eldercare. From 2012 to 2017, eldercare issues gradually became refined and differentiated in China and elderly users’ contribution proportion and activeness increased yearly. According to the results of thematic analysis, users’ information needs for eldercare included opinion, news, practice, emotion, knowledge and others. In China, some changes have taken place in the public’s conceptions of eldercare, embodied in the changes in the public’s attention, attitudes and cognition. Changes in user structure and communication patterns in OCOA have also been noted. OCOA plays an important role in eldercare information dissemination and social support exchange and helps to meet the eldercare challenges.

Originality/value

This study explored an online community for older adults. This is the first netnography study in the information field on Chinese OCOA. This paper provides new perspectives to explore eldercare issues and OCOA in other regions and cultures and it also provides some suggestions to improve OCOA.
A finite element model for estimating time-dependent reliability of a corroded pipeline elbow
Authors: Nahal Mourad , Khelif Rabia
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate the failure probability in an irregular area in pipeline (elbow) over its lifetime. The reliability analysis is performed by using of an enhanced first-order reliability method / second-order reliability method (FORM/SORM) and Monte Carlo simulation methods: a numerical model of a corroded pipeline elbow was developed by using finite element method; also, an empirical mechanical behavior model has been proposed. A numerical case with high, moderate and low corrosion rates was conducted to calculate the deferent reliability indexes. The found results can be used in an application case for managing an irregular area in pipeline lifetime. Hence, it is necessary to ensure a rigorous inspection for this part of a pipeline to avoid human and environmental disasters.

Design/methodology/approach

The present paper deals a methodology for estimating time-dependent reliability of a corroded pipeline elbow. Firstly, a numerical model of corroded elbow is proposed by using the finite element method. A mechanical behavior under the corrosion defect in time is studied, and an empirical model was also developed.

Findings

The result of this paper can be summarized as: a mechanical characterization of the material was carried out experimentally. A numerical model of a corroded pipeline elbow was developed by using the finite element method. An empirical mechanical behavior model has been developed. The reliability of a corroding pipe elbow can be significantly affected by corrosion and residual stress. A proportional relationship has been found between probability of failure and corrosion rate. The yield stress and pressure service have an important sensitivity factor.

Originality/value

Aiming to help Algerian gas and oil companies' decision makers, the present paper illustrates a methodology for estimating time-dependent reliability of a corroded pipeline elbow over its lifetime using numerical models by applying the finite element method. Firstly, a numerical model of a corroded pipe elbow was developed and coupled with an empirical mechanical behavior model, which is also proposed. A probabilistic is then developed to provide realistic corrosion parameters and time modeling, leading to the real impact on the lifetime of an elbow zone in pipeline. The reliability indexes and probability of failure for various corrosion rates with and without issued residual stress are computed using Monte Carlo simulation and FORM.
The reciprocal and nonlinearity relationship between corporate social responsibility and market value added: case study in Indonesia
Authors: Agustinus John
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and market value added (MVA) through a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the two variables.

Design/methodology/approach

The population used in this study is all companies listed on the IDX. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling method where the criteria chosen in this research are: listed on the IDX during 2010–2016 and published its annual financial statements completely. The analysis tools using panel parametric regression are based on the reciprocal relationship (MVA related to CSR, and CSR related to MVA). This model should be linearity, based on RESET test. On the other hand, an alternative model is based on a nonlinearity relationship (the linearity of parametric regression is not fulfilled), the modified panel nonparametric regression (accommodates the reciprocal and nonlinearity relationship).

Findings

Social responsibility or CSR shows a positive relationship with MVA, also the MVA has a positive relationship with CSR. This means that when CSR value increases, then MVA also increases, vice versa. When the company discloses CSR, the company maintains good relationships not only with its shareholders but also with other stakeholders including the community and its environment. Therefore, it can enhance the company's perception and reputation to shareholders that the company is a responsible company, in the sense of being responsible not only to shareholders but also to other stakeholders. This then makes shareholders interested to invest their capital in companies with good CSR. Increased capital by shareholders in the form of stock purchases can affect the high or low stock price of a company; if the company price is high, then the higher the value of its MVA because the stock price is an element of MVA.

Originality/value

Based on the aforementioned phenomenon, the relationship has the reciprocal characteristics, which means that CSR has a relationship with MVA; on the other hand, MVA also has a relationship with CSR (with a different time lag). Also, this study detects the nonlinearity relationship between variables shown in Fernandes and Fresly (2017). This part as the originality of this paper focused on the reciprocal and nonlinearity relationship between CSR and MVA.
Data quality of Glasgow Coma Scale and Systolic Blood Pressure in scientific studies involving physician‐staffed emergency medical services: Systematic review
Authors: Tønsager Kristin , Krüger Andreas J. , Ringdal Kjetil G. , Rehn Marius
Published: April 2020

Background

Emergency physicians on‐scene provide highly specialized care to severely sick or injured patients. High‐quality research relies on the quality of data, but no commonly accepted definition of EMS data quality exits. Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) are core physiological variables, but little is known about the quality of these data when reported in p‐EMS research. This systematic review aims to describe the quality of pre‐hospital reporting of GCS and SBP data in studies where emergency physicians are present on‐scene.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Norart, Scopus, SweMed + and Web of Science, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Reported data on accuracy of reporting, completeness and capture were extracted to describe the quality of documentation of GCS and SBP. External and internal validity assessment was performed by extracting a set of predefined variables.

Results

We included 137 articles describing data collection for GCS, SBP or both. Most studies (81%) were conducted in Europe and 59% of studies reported trauma cases. Reporting of GCS and SBP data were not uniform and may be improved to enable comparisons. Of the predefined external and internal validity data items, 26%‐45% of data were possible to extract from the included papers.

Conclusions

Reporting of GCS and SBP is variable in scientific papers. We recommend standardized reporting to enable comparisons of p‐EMS.
Children’s mental health and recreation: Limited evidence for associations with screen use
Authors: Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Cooper Nicholas R. , Simpson Andrew , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S.
Published: April 2020

Aim

This study examined the direct and indirect associations between childhood psychopathology symptoms, screen use, media multitasking and participation in non‐digital recreation.

Methods

Psychopathology symptoms, media use, media multitasking, participation in sports, social clubs and reading/games were reported by 520 parents about their 3‐ to 11‐year‐old children. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Results

There were bidirectional negative associations between sports participation and emotional problems (β = −0.16, P < .001 and β = −0.15, P < .001); attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were associated with reduced reading/games (β = −0.14, P = .004). A bidirectional positive association was found between media use and conduct problems (β = 0.10, P = .015 and β = 0.14, P = .015). Increased media multitasking was indirectly associated with elevated symptoms of ADHD via a reduction in reading/games (β = 0.10, P = .026). However, there was no evidence that screen use mediated the associations between psychopathology symptoms and non‐digital recreation.

Conclusion

Depending on the specific psychological difficulties, children are either less likely to participate in non‐digital recreation or are more likely to use screen media or multitask with media. Interventions for children, who experience emotional or behavioural difficulties, are needed to improve participation in non‐digital recreation.
Cardio‐geriatric model of care in acute heart failure: initial experience of a multidisciplinary approach in complex elderly patients
Authors: Mulligan Andrew , Seman Michael , Abramowski Rebecca , Falls Roman , Scholes Elizabeth , Vogrin Sara , Long Claire , Cox Nicholas , Neil Christopher J.
Published: April 2020

A ‘cardio‐geriatric’ heart failure model of care was implemented to address the high rates of readmission in elderly acute decompensated heart failure patients. Despite demonstrably intensified management in both the cardiology and geriatric domains, this study did not demonstrate a positive effect on the primary outcome of all cause readmissions at 30 days.
LINC00963 targeting miR‐128‐3p promotes acute kidney injury process by activating JAK2/STAT1 pathway
Authors: Xie Li‐Bo , Chen Bo , Liao Xue , Chen Yi‐Feng , Yang Rui , He Si‐Rong , Pei Li‐Jun , Jiang Rui
Published: April 2020

The role of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in kidney diseases has been gradually discovered in recent years. LINC00963, as an lncRNA, was found to be involved in chronic renal failure. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of LINC00963 engaged in acute kidney injury (AKI) were still unclear. In this study, we established rat AKI models by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) treatment. Urea and creatinine levels were determined, and histological features of kidney tissues were examined following HE staining. CCK8 assay was chosen to assess the viability of hypoxia‐induced HK‐2 cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to verify the target relationship between LINC00963 and microRNA. The mRNA and protein levels were assayed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Annexin V‐FITC/PI and TUNEL staining were used to evaluate apoptosis. LINC00963 was highly expressed in the cell and rat models, and miR‐128‐3p was predicted and then verified as a target gene of LINC00963. Knockdown of LINC00963 reduced acute renal injury both in vitro and in vivo. LINC00963 activated the JAK2/STAT1 pathway to aggravate renal I/R injury. LINC00963 could target miR‐128‐3p to reduce G1 arrest and apoptosis through JAK2/STAT1 pathway to promote the progression of AKI.
The impacts of gene polymorphisms on methotrexate in Chinese psoriatic patients
Authors: Chen M. , Chen W. , Liu P. , Yan K. , Lv C. , Zhang M. , Lu Y. , Qin Q. , Kuang Y. , Zhu W. , Chen X.
Published: April 2020

Background

Methotrexate (MTX) is the first‐line treatment for psoriasis in China. The metabolic processes of MTX include various proteins and genes. Previous studies have shown that gene polymorphisms had significant impacts on the efficacy of MTX. However, the influence of gene polymorphisms has not been reported in the Chinese psoriatic patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to verify the impacts of candidate genes polymorphisms on the effectiveness of MTX in a Chinese psoriatic population.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 259 psoriasis patients from two clinical centres. Each of them received MTX treatment at 7.5–15 mg/week for at least 8 weeks. Patients were stratified as responders and non‐responders according to whether the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score declined more than 75% (PASI75). According to previous reports, 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped for each patient using the Sequenom platform. Fisher’s exact test, the chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney tests and ANOVA analyses were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Among 259 patients, there were 182 males and 77 females, 63 patients with psoriatic arthritis and 196 patients without arthritis phenotype, and the age of all patients ranged from 19 to 70 years (49.7 ± 13.6). The baseline PASI value of patients was 13.8 ± 8.5, and 33.2% of patients achieved a PASI75 response after MTX treatment. Patients carrying the ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 gene (ABCB1) rs1045642 TT genotype were associated with more severe psoriasis skin lesion (P = 0.032). Furthermore, the ABCB1 rs1045642 TT genotype was found to be more frequent in non‐responders (P = 0.017), especially in moderate‐to‐severe patients (P = 0.002) and patients without psoriatic arthritis (P = 0.026) after MTX treatment.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated for the first time that polymorphism of the ABCB1 rs1045642 TT genotype is predictive of a worse clinical response of skin lesions to MTX therapy in a Chinese psoriatic population.
Selective inhibition of anti‐MAG IgM autoantibody binding to myelin by an antigen‐specific glycopolymer
Authors: Aliu Butrint , Demeestere Delphine , Seydoux Emilie , Boucraut José , Delmont Emilien , Brodovitch Alexandre , Oberholzer Thomas , Attarian Shahram , Théaudin Marie , Tsouni Pinelopi , Kuntzer Thierry , Derfuss Tobias , Steck Andreas J. , Ernst Beat , Herrendorff Ruben , Hänggi Pascal
Published: April 2020

Anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy is a disabling autoimmune peripheral neuropathy that is caused by circulating monoclonal IgM autoantibodies directed against the human natural killer‐1 (HNK‐1) epitope. This carbohydrate epitope is highly expressed on adhesion molecules such as MAG, a glycoprotein present in myelinated nerves. We previously showed the therapeutic potential of the glycopolymer poly(phenyl disodium 3‐O‐sulfo‐β‐d‐glucopyranuronate)‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside (PPSGG) in selectively neutralizing anti‐MAG IgM antibodies in an immunological mouse model and ex vivo with sera from anti‐MAG neuropathy patients. PPSGG is composed of a biodegradable backbone that multivalently presents a mimetic of the HNK‐1 epitope. In this study, we further explored the pharmacodynamic properties of the glycopolymer and its ability to inhibit the binding of anti‐MAG IgM to peripheral nerves. The polymer selectively bound anti‐MAG IgM autoantibodies and prevented the binding of patients’ anti‐MAG IgM antibodies to myelin of non‐human primate sciatic nerves. Upon PPSGG treatment, neither activation nor inhibition of human and murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells nor alteration of systemic inflammatory markers was observed in mice or ex vivo in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Intravenous injections of PPSGG to mice immunized against the HNK‐1 epitope removed anti‐MAG IgM antibodies within less than 1 hr, indicating a fast and efficient mechanism of action as compared to a B‐cell depletion with anti‐CD20. In conclusion, these observations corroborate the therapeutic potential of PPSGG for an antigen‐specific treatment of anti‐MAG neuropathy.

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Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 465.
The M.A.STE.R.S algorithm for acute visual loss management after facial filler injection
Authors: Graue Gerardo , Ochoa Araujo Dora Aline , Plata Palazuelos Cristina , Núñez Medrano Juan Ángel , López San Juan Fernando José , Sánchez Pereda Daniela , Capiz Correa Daniel Raúl , de Velasco Leopoldo
Published: April 2020

Objective

To propose an algorithm of treatment for sudden visual loss following filler injections and perform an English‐written literature search for assignment of evidence level and grade recommendation.

Methods

Algorithm of treatment includes ocular physical Maneuvers, hyAluronidase administration, intravenous STEroids, intraocular pressure Reduction, and Supplemental Oxygen (M.A.STE .R.S) based on previous acute management reports. Special consideration for algorithm buildup was made for ophthalmic diseases that share physiopathological features such as central retinal artery occlusion, systemic vasculitis affecting vision, and acute glaucoma. Finally, a systematic cross‐review of the reported cases with visual loss was done to identify the level of evidence and grant a recommendation grade.

Results

A search through PubMed and Medscape databases for English‐written scientific papers using the terms facial filler, retinal artery occlusion, management, treatment, complications, and adverse events quoted a total of 46 papers (190 cases) which were then analyzed. A high variability on management for treatment of sudden visual loss after facial filler injections was observed. This was attributed partially to the great diversity of medical specialists performing cosmetic facial procedures such as dermatologists, plastic surgeons, esthetic doctors and ophthalmologists, and the lack of high evidence level studies.

Conclusions

The proposed algorithm provides an initial guideline based on prior literature reports and physiopathology involving facial filler injection complications. Analysis identified 22 successfully treated cases with vision recovery (11.57%). Ocular physical maneuvers had the best evidence‐based level and grade recommendation (A) for the management of acute vision loss secondary to facial filler injections.
Plasma rich in growth factors injection effectiveness for myofascial pain treatment in masticatory muscles. Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sakalys Dovydas , Rokicki Jan Pavel , Januzis Gintaras , Kubilius Ricardas
Published: April 2020

Background

Myofascial pain in masticatory muscles is one of the most common temporomandibular disorder. Nowadays, the most usable treatment methods are based on the muscle taut band cell membrane disruption, which releases the taut band.

Platelet‐rich plasma, made with PRGF Endoret® method, gives an opportunity to use platelet‐derived growth factors in treatment processes. It has been proven that platelet‐derived growth factors can relief pain and activate muscle regeneration.

Objective

To test a hypothesis that PRGF injections can be effective for treating myofascial pain in masticatory muscles.

Methods

Fifty adult patients participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 1‐mL lidocaine injections to trigger point in their masseter muscle. The second group of patients received 1‐mL PRGF injections. The patients' pain was measured by using visual analogue scale (VAS).

Result

Statistically significant difference in pain levels before the procedure and 4 weeks after it was found in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in pain levels before the procedure (P = .063) and 2 weeks after it (P = .123); however, statistically significant difference was noticed 4 weeks after the procedure (P < .001). Four weeks after the procedure, patients' average pain in lidocaine group was 3.4 on VAS, and it was 0.9 in PRGF group.

Conclusions

PRGF injections in masseter muscle affected by myofascial pain syndrome are an effective treatment method. PRGF injections more effectively relief myofascial pain in masseter muscle than lidocaine injections.
Are negative beliefs about psychosis associated with emotional distress in adults and young people with such experiences? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ropaj Esmira , Jones Andrew , Dickson Joanne M. , Gill Zabina , Taylor Peter J.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Emotional distress, including depression and anxiety, is commonly reported amongst individuals experiencing psychosis. The beliefs individuals hold about the meaning of their psychosis may explain the distress they experience. The current meta‐analysis aimed to review the association between beliefs about psychosis experiences and emotional distress.

Method

Three electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL) were searched using keywords and controlled vocabulary (e.g., Medical Subject Headings) from date of inception to August 2019. A total of 19 eligible papers were identified.

Results

Our random‐effects meta‐analysis revealed that depression and anxiety held moderate association with psychosis beliefs, with perceptions concerning a lack of control over experiences having the strongest association with distress. Longitudinal studies suggest that negative beliefs at baseline are associated with depressive symptoms at follow‐up.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the endorsement of negative beliefs about psychosis is associated with current level of depression and anxiety. The results are consistent with theories of emotional distress in psychosis. However, the small number of longitudinal papers limits what can be concluded about the direction or other temporal characteristics of these relationships. Therapies that target unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may beneficial.

Practitioner points

Negative beliefs about experiences of psychosis are associated with greater emotional distress such as depression and anxiety.

Beliefs about a lack of control over experiences had the strongest association with distress.

Interventions that aim to modify or prevent the formation of unhelpful beliefs about psychosis may be beneficial for this population.
Design, Development, and Testing of a Low-Concentration Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Lourenssen Kyle , Williams James , Ahmadpour Faraz , Clemmer Ryan , Gadsden S. Andrew , Tasnim Syeda Humaira
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the design, development, and testing of a low-concentration vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The low-cost implementation has a 7 cm × 7 cm active membrane area and an electrolyte volume of 450 mL for each positive and negative electrolyte. The electrolyte concentration is approximately 0.066 M vanadium. An H-cell for performing electrolysis with the electrolytes is developed, and the process and method for creating the electrolyte for this low-concentration implementation are described and documented. The maximum power density and energy efficiency of the battery among tests between 500 and 800 mA are 1.32 W/L and 28.51%, respectively. Results are presented in terms of polarization curves, charge/discharge cycles, and voltage, coulombic, and energy efficiencies. Adaptation of a COMSOL Multiphysics model is implemented to compare the computational performance figures and the results of our VRFB implementation. The numerical results agree with experimentation, and differences in the results can be attributed to the losses present in the experimental tests. The proposed battery and design are intended to investigate the performance and feasibility of a low-concentration VRFB. The ultimate long-term objective of this research is the development of a novel, cost-effective, and safe redox flow battery using hydrogen peroxide as one of the electrolytes.
Wall-Normal Velocity Correlations in a Zero Pressure Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Morilhat Sylvain , Chedevergne François , Micheli Francis , Simon Frank
Published: April 2020

An experimental campaign dedicated to the characterization of the wall-normal velocity correlations in a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer was performed. A double set of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) benches were used to access two-point two-time correlations of the wall-normal velocity. The measurements analysis confirms several important hypotheses classically made to model wall pressure spectra from the velocity correlations. In particular, the ratio of the wall-normal Reynolds stress to the turbulent shear stress is confirmed to exhibit a large plateau in the logarithmic region. In addition, Taylor's hypothesis of frozen turbulence is well recovered for the wall-normal velocity fluctuations. The convection velocity for the wall-normal velocity fluctuations is also shown to evolve across the boundary layer, according to the mean velocity profile. Furthermore, the decorrelation time scale of velocity correlations appears to be increasing throughout the boundary layer thickness in accordance with the increase of the convection velocity. The results obtained with this original campaign will help improving models for wall pressure spectra, especially those based on the resolution of the Poisson equation for the pressure for which the wall pressure correlations are related to the wall-normal velocity correlations.
Autoimmunity provoked by foreign antigens
Authors: Iversen Rasmus , Sollid Ludvig M.
Published: April 2020

In celiac disease, exogenous gluten drives T cell–B cell interactions that cause autoimmunity
Psychological interventions to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Winkley Kirsty , Upsher Rebecca , Stahl Daniel , Pollard Daniel , Brennan Alan , Heller Simon R , Ismail Khalida
Published: April 2020

The quality of evidence that psychological interventions are effective in improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is weak.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions in T2D to assess whether their effectiveness in improving glycemic levels has improved over the past 30 years. We applied the protocol of a systematic review and aggregate meta-analysis conducted to January 2003. We added network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare intervention and control group type against usual care. MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Database, Web of Science, and Dissertation Abstracts International were searched from January 2003 to July 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) of psychological interventions for adults with T2D reported in any language were included. The primary outcome was change in glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in mmol/mol). Data were extracted from study reports and authors were contacted for missing data.

94 RCTs were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review since the last review. In 70 RCTs (n=14 796 participants) the pooled mean difference in HbA1c in those randomized to psychological intervention compared with control group was −0.19 (95% CI −0.25 to −0.12), equivalent to a reduction in HbA1c of 3.7 mmol/mol, with moderate heterogeneity across studies (I2=64.7%, p<0.001). NMA suggested the probability of intervention effectiveness is highest for self-help materials, cognitive–behavioral therapy, and counseling, compared with usual care. Limitations of this study include that there is a possibility that some studies may have been missed if diabetes did not appear in the title or abstract.

The effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with T2D have minimal clinical benefit in improving glycemic control.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42016033619.
Association between Metformin and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Us Veterans
Authors: Sutton S Scott , Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy H , Hardin James W
Published: April 2020

We sought to examine the progression from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diagnosis to surgery and death among diabetics with and without exposure to metformin as well as non-diabetics. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (January 2000 to July 2019) comparing 3 transitions (AAA surgery, death, and death after AAA surgery) among propensity score-matched metformin-exposed and unexposed diabetic veterans and non-diabetic veterans using the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database. We fit an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model with transition-specific effects. There were 43,073 metformin-unexposed diabetics, 24,361 metformin-exposed diabetics and 56,006 non-diabetics. Compared with the non-diabetic cohort, both diabetic cohorts have a lower risk of surgery (no metformin (HR=0.740, 95% CI 0.706 to 0.776); with metformin (HR=0.770, 95% CI 0.730 to 0.813)). However, the non-metformin diabetic cohort has a higher risk of death (HR=1.024, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.045) and death after surgery (HR=1.086, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.165). The metformin-exposed diabetic cohort has a lower risk of death in the first 10 years after AAA diagnosis (HR=0.877, 95% CI 0.855 to 0.899), yet a higher risk of death 10 years after AAA diagnosis (HR=1.177, 95% CI 1.092 to 1.270) compared with non-diabetic cohort. Non-diabetics have the highest rate of AAA surgery compared with both diabetic cohorts. However, diabetics without metformin have the highest risk of death prior to, and after surgery. This research provides novel findings for patients diagnosed with AAA. The use of metformin after both AAA diagnosis and surgery should be further investigated.