bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of developing the diesel engine neural network controller
Authors: Kuznetsov A.G. , Kharitonov S.V. , Kamenskikh S.A.
Published: May 2023

The paper considers issues of using a neural network in the thermal engine controller in order to improve the quality of its control and setting conveniences. The study object was a speed controller for the D500 promising locomotive diesel engine. Tasks for design and development of a neural network controller were formulated, and the network input signals were determined. To adjust the neural network, the reinforcement learning method was introduced, where it interacted with the diesel engine computer model in a closed system. The criterion in setting up the network was the accuracy of the control program execution. A system of rewards was assigned, according to which the network was learning. Based on the results of studying the neural network controller influence on the quality of the control system operation, the network minimum possible composition for solving the problem presented was determined. Study results are presented in the form of graphs of rewards alteration during the learning process for various options of the neural network controller structure, as well as the control system simulated transient processes over the entire range of the diesel engine speed.
Sánduyanu, «la enfermedad soplada» : los yagua y las epidemias
Authors: Chaumeil Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2023

El propósito de este corto texto es de dar a conocer diferentes maneras de percibir o de entender las enfermedades y las epidemias (y sus curaciones) por parte de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos. Para eso, tomaremos el caso de los yagua con quienes estamos en contacto desde la década de 1970. Este pueblo —que se autodenomina nihamwo, «nosotros, la gente»— suma hoy en día aproximadamente 6000 personas, localizadas mayormente en la triple frontera entre el Perú, Colombia y Brasil, y son considerados como los últimos representantes de la familia lingüística peba-yagua. Se trata, entonces, con este ejemplo, de visibilizar formas específicas o alternas de entender y percibir las epidemias y las enfermedades en el ámbito indígena amazónico, en particular en el contexto actual de la pandemia de la COVID-19.
Tújpawa : los arreboles en el cielo (pueblo bora)
Authors: Napurí Espejo Andrés
Published: May 2023

Antes de que la pandemia llegase a este continente, Walter Panduro estaba muy preocupado. Me decía que algo muy malo iba a suceder. Estas conversaciones las hemos tenido antes, pero debo reconocer que en esta oportunidad su certeza me dejó preocupado. Todo estaba indicado en el cielo: las nubes rojas y el arcoíris. Así, en estas últimas semanas, él y yo tuvimos varias conversaciones sobre cómo se sentía. Tuvo COVID-19. Manifestó todos los síntomas: dificultad para respirar, tos seca, fiebre. No quiso ir al hospital —«Ahí va la gente a morir. Yo no quiero morir».
Temor al ébola entre los maijuna
Authors: Ricaud Oneto Emmanuelle
Published: May 2023

En esta breve nota etnográfica relataré una anécdota que expone la inquietud de los maijuna ante un riesgo de contagio. Esta se desarrolla en el contexto del brote del virus ébola en 2014. Ese año tenía previsto presentarles mi proyecto doctoral durante un encuentro al cual no pude asistir. Mi ausencia, junto con mis planes de ir a visitarlos al año siguiente, fue fuente de preocupación tal como ellos mismos me lo expresaron más adelante. A continuación, expondré las distintas razones de esa inquietud.
Los ojos, la fiebre y Jesús a la luz de la COVID-19 : entrevista con Rusbel Yahuarcani Caritimari (líder kukama)
Authors: Berjón Manuel M.
Published: May 2023

Esta entrevista fue casual, aprovechando la visita que nos hizo Rusbel. En medio de la pandemia tampoco ha habido mucho tiempo para reflexionar, dado que otras urgencias ocupaban nuestro tiempo. Sin embargo, nos parece de interés pensar las palabras que nos ofreció Rusbel. Dividiremos la nota en dos partes. Primeramente, transcribiremos la entrevista y en la segunda parte haremos algunos breves comentarios.
Desigualdades en la educación en el contexto de la COVID-19 : los estudiantes shawi de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
Authors: Ortega José Carlos
Published: May 2023

En esta primera sección del artículo presentaré indicadores generales que permitirán al autor y al lector aproximarse al contexto socioeconómico regional, provincial y distrital contemporáneo donde han nacido y crecido los jóvenes del pueblo originario shawi. Considero que es imperativo reconocer y estudiar a través metodología mixta, a inicios de la década de 2020, las circunstancias socioeconómicas de los jóvenes miembros de la Organización de Estudiantes de los Pueblos Indígenas de la Amazonía Peruana (OEPIAP) quienes estudian en la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP) en el contexto de la pandemia del coronavirus o COVID-19.
Las epidemias y la llegada de la COVID-19 al pueblo shawi : apuntes de una conversación con Rafael Chanchari Pizuri
Authors: Castro Meredith
Published: May 2023

A finales de mayo, conversé sobre las epidemias y la llegada de la COVID-19 al pueblo shawi con el maestro Rafael Chanchari Pizuri, el presente texto nace de esta conversación. En la primera parte, presento algunas de las estrategias implementadas por los shawi para enfrentar las epidemias en el pasado, así como algunas narrativas que se tejen en torno a ellas y en la segunda, algunas consideraciones sobre la llegada del coronavirus a este pueblo.
«Las enfermedades son espíritus modernos que aprenden en la ciudad» : representación urarina de la enfermedad infecciosa del sarampión
Authors: Fabiano Emanuele
Published: May 2023

Cuentan los urarina que las enfermedades, las más agresivas y virulentas, llamadas kunai mijiaainei, salpicaron de la cabeza quemada de un antiguo ayahuasquero para ejecutar su venganza en contra de guerreros rivales responsables de su muerte. Después de aniquilar al grupo de hombres, y así cumplir con el propósito por el cual fueron creadas, las enfermedades se dispersaron en los lugares más remotos del bosque o en las cabeceras de los ríos, para luego aparecer de vez en cuando, acechando a los humanos y sus aldeas (Fabiano & Nuribe, 2021). Desde entonces, las enfermedades aumentaron, cambiaron, y mientras algunas se quedaron a vivir en el territorio urarina, otras decidieron desplazarse hacia las ciudades y el mundo de los blancos. Aunque en el mito no se cuentan los estragos provocados por las epidemias de sarampión que desde este día en adelante han afectado cíclicamente la cuenca del Chambira, ni el dramático impacto que tuvieron al diezmar los habitantes de numerosas comunidades, nos dice mucho sobre el origen de las enfermedades que comúnmente se definen como «contagiosas».
«¡Antes no había enfermedad!» : memorias de contacto y resistencia entre los awajún del río Cenepa
Authors: Flores Rojas María Ximena
Published: May 2023

En mayo de 2018 mi deseo de volver a la comunidad de Kusu Kubaim me llevó a intentar un segundo ingreso al distrito de El Cenepa, territorio awajún de la provincia de Condorcanqui, en la región Amazonas. El año 2014 conocí esta comunidad debido a una consultoría que me hizo replantear mi interés en la antropología. Así, con la excusa de hacer mi investigación de maestría, emprendí mi camino de vuelta a sus ríos.
Percepción de los aénts chicham sobre la COVID-19 en el departamento de Amazonas
Authors: Kiyak P. Noé.
Published: May 2023

En el departamento de Amazonas, en el distrito de El Cenepa, el sida está muy relacionado con la brujería. Según mis interlocutores, las personas contagiadas con el sida son consideradas personas víctimas de las prácticas de los brujos (Rojas, 2019), cuyos poderes tienen la capacidad de crear los tséntsak o dardos de daño con sida, para mandar a sus enemigos, causar falsos positivos y empeorar la condición de la persona que ha sido diagnosticada con sida. En fin, lo expuesto no nos puede conducir a pensar que sea aplicable a todos en la actualidad. Sin embargo, lo importante es que nos ayuda a sostener el fin de la vida como la muerte a causa de los otros, es decir, la muerte entendida no como un producto del proceso biológico, sino como una consecuencia de la vida relacional conforme a Taylor (2006) y Pozo (2017).
Soberanía alimentaria y autonomía indígena en escenarios de pandemia y más allá de ella : reflexiones desde San Martín
Authors: Chaparro Anahí
Published: May 2023

El actual contexto de pandemia revela la importancia de la soberanía alimentaria en todos los espacios rurales y urbanos. Por su parte, frente a esta crisis, los pueblos indígenas amazónicos han escogido como principal estrategia de sobrevivencia el aislamiento colectivo, cerrando el paso por comunidades y ríos. Para reducir al mínimo el contacto con el exterior y que esta estrategia sea efectiva, es esencial la capacidad de autoabastecerse de alimentos.
Llegar, matar y permanecer presentes entre los yánesha : incluir las enfermedades desconocidas en el tejido de los seres vivos
Authors: Valadeau Céline
Published: May 2023

Este texto se divide en tres partes. En cada una de ellas se enfoca la discusión en un episodio epidémico en particular, y que corresponden a distintos momentos de la historia del pueblo yánesha. En primer lugar, se tratará de ciertas enfermedades infecciosas del siglo XVIII: fiebre amarilla, paludismo, sarampión y viruela. Después, abordaremos la epidemia el retrovirus VIH/sida que se inició en el siglo pasado y, por último, hablaremos de la pandemia actual de la COVID-19. Para cada caso ofreceremos mitos o relatos yáneshas, y sobre esta base, trataré de proponer una reflexión sobre el proceso de incorporación de esas enfermedades al tejido de los seres vivos y cómo la identificación de las relaciones que tienen les permite proponer algunas respuestas para dominarlas.
Los asháninka, la enfermedad y la curación
Authors: Fernández Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Enfermedades como gripe, sarampión, disentería, viruela, fiebre amarilla y más tarde la malaria fueron diezmando a la población indígena1 . A las nuevas enfermedades a las cuales no había inmunidad ni experiencia social de como curarlas, se sumaron la violencia, la esclavitud la destrucción de los sistemas sociales que garantizaban la alimentación, el cambio de los patrones de asentamiento: con el establecimiento de las Misiones, que preferían estar cerca de los grandes ríos a diferencia de los asentamientos dispersos de los asháninka, que se ubicaban en las quebradas de donde obtenían mejor agua, menos mosquitos y más protección en caso de ataques enemigos. El padre Biedma en su relación al virrey en el año 1682 comentaba el impacto de las misiones entre los asháninka: «ordinaria cruz que nos persigue que parece que el plantar el Santo Evangelio es convocar a las pestes» (1981, p. 107).
El fin del mundo (otra vez) : reflexiones sobre la idea de la persona asháninka en el Perú posconflicto
Authors: Sarmiento Barletti Juan Pablo
Published: May 2023

En este ensayo quiero reflexionar sobre esta idea de ser exterminados «como huanganas» para entender el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 sobre mis colaboradoras y colaboradores asháninka. Mi reflexión contextualiza esta idea con las experiencias asháninka de otras crisis en su historia reciente —el conflicto interno en el Perú y la imposición de proyectos extractivistas después de su final oficial— las cuales analizo a través de sus nociones de persona y sus transformaciones a través de un «continuo de violencia» (Scheper-Hughes & Bourgois, 2004) en la Amazonía central peruana.
Los caminos de la sal y las enfermedades : reflexiones sobre la COVID-19 a través de las memorias de los iskonawa del río Callería
Authors: Rodríguez Alzza Ana Carolina
Published: May 2023

Probablemente fueron los objetos los que trajeron las enfermedades entre los iskonawa. En ese tiempo todavía habitaban las cabeceras de los ríos Utuquinía y Abujao, muy cerca de la frontera entre Ucayali (el Perú) y Acre (Brasil). Fue en ese mismo territorio donde volvieron a notar la presencia de los nawa, «foráneos»1 . En algunas oportunidades, cuando los grupos familiares salían de la maloca principal y recorrían largas distancias para rozar chacras, los escuchaban: ¡Toh! ¡Toh!, se recuerda hoy imitando los sonidos de los disparos que ellos hacían.
Epidemias como asalto chamánico : una evidencia inicial entre los kulina (arawa)
Authors: Zuppi Andrea
Published: May 2023

En este breve texto reúno algunos datos etnográficos que indica que los kulina, un grupo de habla arawa del suroeste de la Amazonía, podrían haber asociado las enfermedades epidémicas con los ataques chamánicos. El pueblo kulina, que se llama a sí mismo madiha, cuyo significado es «persona», reside en el Perú y Brasil. Los kulina peruanos viven a lo largo del río Purús (departamento de Ucayali) y suman aproximadamente 316 personas (INEI, 2018). La gran mayoría de la población kulina, compuesta aproximadamente por unas 5000 personas2 , se encuentra en Brasil a lo largo de los ríos Purús y Yuruá (o Juruá), así como a lo largo de algunos afluentes de este último (Envira, Tarahuaca, Gregorio, Xeruâ y Jutaí) en los Estados de Acre y Amazonas en Brasil. A continuación, primero esbozaré brevemente algunos principios del chamanismo kulina; luego, analizaré las probables relaciones entre las epidemias y el chamanismo.
De nuevo, gripe
Authors: Pérez Gil Laura
Published: May 2023

Tras varios intentos infructuosos utilizando todos los números telefónicos que tenía de personas yaminawa (o yaminahua), finalmente el 24 de abril de 2020 conseguí ponerme en contacto con Fabiola, una joven que vive con su familia en Atalaya. Estaba desesperada y asustada, intentando conseguir el recurso necesario para surcar hasta la comunidad de Raya, en el Mapuya (afluente del bajo Urubamba), huyendo de la epidemia de la COVID-19. Para mi alivio, me dijo que ella era la única de sus parientes que quedaba en Atalaya. Ante las noticias de la enfermedad que se extendía, todo el mundo se había apresurado a refugiarse en el Mapuya. Al día siguiente, resueltos los problemas financieros, Fabiola y su padre emprendieron el viaje hacia las cabeceras. A causa del estrés, la prisa por emprender el viaje y las dificultades técnicas de comunicación, no obtuve detalles, más allá de que el resto de sus parientes estaba bien.
De epidemias e indígenas en la selva sur peruana
Authors: Moore Thomas
Published: May 2023

Decidí realizar mi trabajo de campo como antropólogo en 1971 y luego entre 1973 y 1975 con el pueblo harakbut, pues quería una experiencia con un pueblo que hubiera vivido fuera del contacto permanente con la sociedad nacional y las influencias coloniales en tiempos recientes, y la parcialidad interior de este pueblo, los harakbut (antes amarakaeri), reunían esta condición. Después de las masacres de Carlos Fermín Fitzcarrald y de los caucheros que le siguieron en Madre de Dios, este grupo interior se había mantenido en aislamiento hasta la década de 1950, y había buen número de interlocutores que llegaron a ser adultos antes de estos contactos y podrían contarme cómo era su vida y su cultura entonces. Efectivamente, una veintena de mis interlocutores harakbut, en la comunidad que ahora se llama Puerto Luz, me describieron con lujo de detalle cómo habían vivido antes, incluyendo las epidemias que habían sufrido antes, durante los primeros contactos
Esuwa y la concepción de la enfermedad dentro de la cosmovisión harakbut-wachiperi
Authors: Rodríguez Agüero Marleny
Published: May 2023

Los wachiperi, subetnia del pueblo harakbut2 , asentados en dos comunidades del distrito de Kosñipata, de la provincia de Paucartanbo en Cusco, usan los cantos llamados, esuwa para curar. Los harakbut usan diversos tipos de cantos que, en general, se denominan wamächinöa. Tradicionalmente son usados de acuerdo con diferentes acontecimientos, contextos y necesidades. Están los cantos que se usaban antes y durante la ceremonia de iniciación o rito de pubertad, llamada sïnë, las canciones de guerra y también las canciones de borracho.
Ináenka y la viruela : nociones de epidemias entre gente matsigenka
Authors: Rosengren Dan
Published: May 2023

Este breve texto trata sobre la comprensión acerca de las enfermedades epidémicas y sus causas entre gente matsigenka. Después de una revisión de la literatura que trata estos temas es obvio que hay variaciones regionales, por lo que debo clarificar que me baso principalmente en cómo se hablan y perciben estos fenómenos en la zona del Alto Urubamba y sobre todo en las comunidades donde he recolectado la mayor parte de mi información; en concreto, las comunidades de Chirumbia, Koribeni, Matoriato, y Sangobatea. Evidentemente también hay variaciones dentro de cada zona y cada comunidad, pero hay tendencias más o menos explícitas en cómo se habla de estos asuntos. Saliendo de las comprensiones que se encuentran por el Alto Urubamba, parece que hay mayores similitudes con la forma en que se piensan en el Bajo Urubamba que en las comunidades del Alto Madre de Dios y Manu. Sin embargo, las nociones compartidas predominan.
Mwakachi
Authors: Smith B. Alejandro
Published: May 2023

El pueblo indígena yine se encuentra en el Perú, Brasil y Bolivia. En el Perú el territorio del pueblo yine se ubica en la Amazonía sur oriente. Los yine fueron designados como «piro» o «piros», aunque actualmente ya no se usa este vocablo, sino «yine» que corresponde a la traducción en su dimensión de humano de estirpe superior, frente a los demás seres humanos existentes.
El historiador José Toribio Polo : una aproximación al ser humano
Authors: Dager Alva Joseph
Published: May 2023

Jose Toribio Polo, historiador nacido en lea pero asentado en Lima desde muy joven, hizo carrera como funcionario publico. Llego a ocupar por breves meses la subdireccion de la Biblioteca Nacional, lo que represento el mejor momento de su carrera administrativa. Se dedico sobre todo a organizar archivos y al final de sus dias lo encontramos como archivero del Tribunal Mayor de Cuentas.
Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin Cinsiyet ve Okul Kademesi Değişkenleri Açısından Ölçme Değişmezliğinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KOÇ Oğuz , BODUROĞLU Erdem , EKİNAY Hüseyin
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmanı genel amacı, Ergenler İçin Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği'nin cinsiyet ve okul kademesi açısından ölçme değişmezliğine sahip olup olmadığını incelemektir. Çalışma betimsel modeldedir. Çalışmada örneklem, Niğde Ölçme Değerlendirme Merkezi tarafından yürütülen eğitim araştırmaları kapsamında yer alan 939 ortaokul ve lise öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Örneklem iki düzeyli tabakalama yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Ölçme değişmezliği analizi için Çok Gruplu Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi yaklaşımı tercih edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda ölçeğin hem cinsiyet hem kademe açısından skaler düzeyde ölçme değişmezliğine sahip olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları ve sınırlılıkları çerçevesinde öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
INCREASE "HIDAYAH" GINGER PRODUCTION THROUGH INSTAGRAM BRANDING AT DLANGGU MOJOKERTO HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Yusuf Ah , Yunitasari Esti , Putri Verantika Setya , Fajrianti Dita
Published: May 2023

Introduction: "Hidayah" ginger production during the Covid pandemic era has decreased. Instagram is currently a social media that influences product sales. The purpose of this community service is to increase the production of “Hidayah” ginger through Instagram branding with feed and reel updates about Hidayah ginger production and products.
Methods: This community service uses pre and post-tests with a one-group design. The variable that is measured is knowledge which is measured through pre and post-tests. This community service training activity is aimed at students of SMA AL Hidayah Dlanggu Mojokerto. The population in this study amounted to 20 people. data analysis using SPSS 20 to see the frequency distribution.
Results: The results achieved in this community service are that Dlanggu High School students can do product branding through Instagram, by creating product feeds and reels and production activities that can promote products so that product sales increase. In building ginger product branding, the ability that must be acquired and developed by students using Instagram is being able to create accounts, and interesting content about the production process and ginger products to increase product sales.
Conclusion: Branding ginger Hidayah products through Instagram social media can increase sales of ginger Hidayah products and introduce ginger Hidayah to the wider community by creating an Instagram account as a media branding.
FIRST AID TRAINING IN ACCIDENT FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: EFFORTS TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Authors: Qona'ah Arina , Wahyuni Erna Dwi , Tyas Anestasia Pangestu Mei , Mardhika Amellia , Basuni Hikmah Lia , Ariyani Anita Dwi
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Lamongan is one of the areas on the north coast with very high traffic accident rate. First aid for accident victims is an important part of the management of accident victims. Students who are in the adolescent age group can become first responders for accident victims. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase students' knowledge and skills in providing first aid to accident victims.
Methods: First aid training activities for accidents use lecture, discussion, demonstration and role play methods. The training participants were 50 students of SMKN 1 Lamongan. The material presented in the training includes basic life support, dressings and splints as well as evacuation and transportation. Training using audio visual media and teaching aids. Evaluation of the training using the questionnaires given at the beginning and at the end of the training.
Results: The results of the pre test showed that 28 students (56%) had low knowledge, while 22 students (44%) had moderate knowledge. The results of the post test after being given education and training to students were as many as 20 students (40%) had moderate knowledge and 30 students (60%) had high knowledge.
Conclusion: First aid training for accident victims for SMKN 1 Lamongan students can increase students' knowledge and skills in performing first aid to accident victims. Students are expected to act as first responders for traffic accident victims.
Recent advances in lithiophilic materials: material design and prospects for lithium metal anode application
Authors: Liu Jiaxiang , Pei Nanbiao , Yang Xueying , Li Ruiyang , Hua Haiming , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of electronic technology and energy industry promotes the increasing desire for energy storage systems with high energy density, thus calling for the exploration of lithium metal anode. However, the enormous challenges, such as uncontrollable lithium deposition, side reaction, infinite volume change and dendrite generation, hinders its application. To address these problems, the deposition behavior of lithium must be exactly controlled and the anode/electrolyte interface must be stabilized. The deposition of lithium is a multi-step process influenced by multi-physical fields, where nucleation is the key to final morphology. Hence, increasing investigations have focused on the employment of lithiophilic materials that can regulate lithium nucleation in recent years. The lithiophilic materials introduced into the deposition hosts or solid electrolyte interphases can regulate the nucleation overpotential and facilitate uniform deposition. However, the concept of lithiophilicity is still undefined and the mechanism is still unrevealed. In this review, the recent advances in the regulation mechanisms of lithiophilicity are discussed, and the applications of lithiophilic materials in hosts and protective interphases are summarized. The in-depth exploration of lithiophilic materials can enhance our understanding of the deposition behavior of lithium and pave the way for practical lithium metal batteries.
SUPERANDO OS OBSTÁCULOS NA COMUNICAÇÃO ORAL DA INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Lima Gustavo , Cordeiro Leidiane Raimundo , Lima Leila Britto de Amorim
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho buscou investigar de que forma uma intervenção realizada no âmbito de um minicurso sobre Comunicação Oral na Iniciação Científica pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da expressão oral dos discentes. Tomamos como referencial teórico os estudos sobre o gênero exposição oral de Dolz et al (2004) e sobre o texto oral de Dolz, Schneuwly e Haller (2004). Metodologicamente, a geração de dados foi feita mediante registros audiovisuais do minicurso, com o prévio consentimento dos participantes. A transcrição dos dados seguiu o modelo de transcrição multimodal das produções orais proposto por Dolz, Lima e Zani (2021). Os resultados apontam para a superação de alguns obstáculos em relação à produção do gênero exposição oral após as intervenções realizadas pela professora formadora no âmbito do minicurso.
ENTRE A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E A PROPOSTA CURRICULAR DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA
Authors: Do Nascimento Antonio Naéliton , Araújo Denise Lino de
Published: May 2023

Este artigo tem como foco analisar as (des)continuidades conceituais das práticas de linguagem orais no ensino fundamental, entre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC (BRASIL, 2018) e a Proposta Curricular do Estado da Paraíba – PCEP (PARAÍBA, 2018). Trata-se de uma pesquisa situada no campo transdisciplinar da Linguística Aplicada, ancorando-se teoricamente nas relações entre os estudos de currículo, de transposição didática e de oralidade. Os resultados apontam para continuidades teóricas entre os documentos, com o foco nas práticas orais aliadas às multissemioses e maior recorrência no campo jornalístico-midiático. Como descontinuidades, destaca-se a ausência do campo artístico-literário nas práticas orais para o 8º e 9º anos na BNCC e a presença na PCEP, que mobiliza todos os quatro campos.
ENTREVISTA EM MANUAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS, ADULTOS E IDOSOS
Authors: Bilro Fabrini Katrine da Silva , Barbosa Maria Lúcia Ferreira de Figueirêdo , Costa-Maciel Débora Amorim Gomes da , Silva Haila Ivanilda , Storto Letícia Jovelina
Published: May 2023

Este artigo tomou como objetivo geral investigar a didatização da entrevista na coleção de livro didático “EJA Moderna”, destinada à Educação de pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas (EJAI); e de modo específico, compreender quais estratégias são propostas para a vivência do gênero textual no contexto escolar. Para alcançar esses objetivos, ancoramos nosso trabalho em pressupostos de estudos da oralidade, com foco nas proposições de livros didáticos destinados à EJAI. Do ponto de vista metodológico, recorremos à Análise Documental e à Análise de Conteúdo e tratamos os dados sob uma lente qualitativa. De acordo com os resultados, observamos que o livro investigado propicia reflexões sobre o gênero entrevista em vários aspectos. Constatamos que o livro mobiliza a ação pedagógica de levantar conhecimentos prévios sobre o gênero em questão, o que contribui para a possibilidade de um planejamento de ensino da oralidade a partir dos conhecimentos dos(das) educandos(as).  Outro achado interessante é o fato de o livro tratar sobre a estrutura composicional e a função social da entrevista, atentando para os papéis sociais dos interlocutores e para a alternância dos pares perguntas e respostas.  As conclusões do estudo apontam para a importância de a obra contribuir para o ensino da produção da entrevista.
Comparasion of The M, MM and S Estimator in Robust Regression Analysis on Indonesian Literacy Index Data 2018
Authors: Rahayu Ditya Anggraheni , Nursholihah Ummu Fitrotin , Suryaputra Galang , Surono Sugiyarto
Published: May 2023

Regression analysis is a method used to determine the relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variables. However, the existence of outliers in the 2018 Community Literacy Development Index data led to the application of statistical methods not sensitive to pencils for analysis. This was the reason for adopting robust regression methods, including the M, S, and MM estimations. Therefore, this research aims to compare these three estimates and select the one with the best estimate based on the parameter estimation model associated with the RSE and R2 values. Descriptive and inferential analysis with robust regression was used due to several outlier data and to provide good regression model results with unbiased values. It was discovered that the S-estimator and MM-estimator are the best methods because they have the most minor Residual Standard Error (RSE) of 1.856 and R2 of 0.9778.
Analysis of Flavor in Roasted Coffee Using Temperature Programmable Injection (TPI) at GC/MS Method
Authors: Aprilia Setya Ayu , Wonorahardjo Surjani , Utomo Yudhi
Published: May 2023

An analytical method was carried out to identify volatile compounds that play a role in the coffee aroma and their stability. Because it is unstable at high temperatures, the effect of the injection temperature on the GC/MS column on changes in compounds profile was observed. The aim of this research is also to develop analytical methods for coffee analysis using TPI-GC/MS method. Samples of Lemar Arabica coffee were taken from the Wonosantri Abadi plantation, Singosari, Malang, and roasted at 210°C. The roasted coffee was extracted using the soxhletation method and methanol as solvent. The compound profiles were analyzed using the GC/MS method with injection temperatures of 40°C, 140°C, and 240°C. The results showed that ketones, esters, furans, and thiazoles play a role in the aroma of coffee. The compounds present in roasted coffee injected at 40°C were less than those at injection temperatures of 140°C and 240°C based on the chromatograms. The profile of the compound at the injection temperature of 240°C is also more diverse than the others because the large injection temperature allows decomposition to occur so that there are many fractional compounds from the thermal decomposition. Toluene is the most stable compound because it appears at all three injection temperatures. Non-volatile caffeine compounds were also detected at an injection temperature of 240°C.
Multitemporal Segmentation Techniques for Canapa Sativa L. Detection Through Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Gambella Filippo , Sanna Francesco , Ghiani Luca , Deidda Alessandro , Sassu Alberto
Published: May 2023

Diffusion in recent decades of Cannabis sativa L. varieties with low concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is leading to a specialization in the whole sector, requiring innovative techniques for input optimization according to the variety and the growing environment. The continuous agricultural evolution aims at increasing the sustainability of cultivation systems, pushing toward precision technologies application for inputs management. Cannabis monitoring can benefit from Unmanned Aerial Systems applications combined with image thresholding techniques for reliable and effective near-real-time plant detection and numbering. The work compares and evaluates the potential of two threshold segmentation techniques for Cannabis plant detection and counting in two experimental fields in Italy on a multitemporal scale, bringing such techniques in competition with machine learning for object detection. The Otsu segmentation technique demonstrated more reliable performances at the early stage of cultivation with an accuracy of 0.95. The Canopy Height Model technique showed increasing performances during the growing season. Future works will compare thresholding segmentation techniques with machine learning (ML) approaches and their potential as a supporting tool for ML image annotation.
Vascular Risk Factors and Carotid Atheromatous Disease in Patients over 65 Years of Age
Authors: Mateus Sónia , Pós-de-Mina Vanda , Coelho Patrícia , Rodrigues Francisco , Mendes Irene
Published: May 2023

Introdução: Os fatores de risco vasculares são decisivos na evolução da doença aterosclerótica e a ecografia Doppler carotídea e vertebral permite acompanhar o seu aparecimento e evolução. A medida do espessamento da parede arterial permite o diagnóstico precoce da doença potencializando seu tratamento e controle dos fatores de risco vasculares. Objetivo: Analisar a presença de doença ateromatosa em indivíduos com idade > 65 anos e compreender sua transformação com fatores de risco vascular. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, em indivíduos com idade > 65 anos manifestados ao ecoDoppler carotídeo entre 1º de janeiro de 2012 e 31 de dezembro de 2021. Foi calculado o índice médio-intimal, a presença de placas ateromatosas, sua repercussão hemodinâmica e fatores de risco vascular foram registrados. Resultados: Obteve-se uma amostra de 5885 indivíduos, sendo 41,8% do sexo feminino e 58,2% do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 76,59 anos, variando entre 65 e 98 anos (+6,69). A hipertensão arterial foi a mais prevalente 81,3%. Houve relação positiva significativa entre índice médio-intimal, idade e história pessoal de doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares (p=0,001). Na presença de placas, sexo masculino, hipertensão arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia, tabagismo e história pessoal de doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares apresentadas de forma positiva. Conclusões: Nesta amostra, fatores de risco vascular não modificáveis ​​parecem ser determinantes na presença de aumento da espessura da parede arterial. Na presença de sinais de um estágio mais avançado da doença aterosclerótica, os fatores de risco vascular modificáveis ​​​​são decisivos,
Effect of Frost on the Different Metabolites of Two Mulberry (Morus nigra L. and Morus alba L.) Leaves
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhao Jiuyang , Fan Shaoli , Liao Jinfa , Chen Yicun , Wang Yangdong
Published: May 2023

Mulberry leaves are a classic herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, and experience since ancient times has shown that leaves collected after frost have better medicinal properties. However, the characteristics of the changes of critical metabolic components in mulberry leaves, especially Morus nigra L., are still unknown. To further study the influence of harvesting time on the dynamic changes of metabolites, especially DNJ compounds and flavonoids, in mulberry leaves after frost. We used metabolomics technology to select 100+ metabolites as indexes to reflect the dynamic changes of metabolites in mulberry leaves comprehensively. The results showed significant differences in the effects of defrosting on the accumulation of metabolites in the leaves of Morus nigra L. and Morus alba L. The content of DNJ in the leaves of Morus nigra L. showed a decreasing trend after the frost, while flavonoids reached the peak of the second frost. For Morus alba L, DNJ showed an increasing trend after frost, especially reaching its peak one day after the second frost. Flavonoids mainly peak in the week before the frost. In addition, by analyzing the influence of picking time on metabolite accumulation in two mulberry leaves, it was concluded that higher DNJ alkaloids and flavonoids would be obtained in mulberry leaves collected in the morning. This study also provides scientific guidance for the optimum harvesting time of mulberry leaves.
Recent Advances in Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Proteinuric Kidney Disease/Nephrotic Syndrome: Lessons From Knockout/Transgenic Mouse Models
Authors: Saiki Ryosuke , Katayama Kan , Dohi Kaoru
Published: May 2023

Proteinuria is known to be associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and nephrotic syndrome is defined by the level of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. With advances in medicine, new causative genes for genetic kidney diseases are being discovered increasingly frequently. We reviewed articles on proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease/nephropathy, hypertension/nephrosclerosis, Alport syndrome, and rare diseases, which have been studied in mouse models. Significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics and pathophysiology of kidney diseases thanks to advances in science, but research in this area is ongoing. In the future, genetic analyses of patients with proteinuric kidney disease/nephrotic syndrome may ultimately lead to personalized treatment options.
How Seed Traits Can Affect the Performance of Cover Crops and What Can We Do to Enhance It?
Authors: Nosratti Iraj , Korres Nicholas E. , Cordeau Stéphane
Published: May 2023

Cover crops as living plant or mulch can suppress weeds by reducing weed germination, emergence and growth, either through direct competition for resources, allelopathy, or by providing a physical barrier to emergence. Farmers implementing conservation agriculture, organic farming or agroecological principles are increasingly adopting cover crop as part of their farming strategy. However, cover crop adoption remains limited by poor and/or unstable establishment in dry conditions, weediness of cover crop volunteers is subsequent cash crops, and seed cost. This study is the first one to review the literature on seed traits of cover crops, their germination response to different biotic and abiotic factors aiming to improve seed germination and seedling establishment. Knowledge on seed traits would be helpful in choosing suitable cover crop species and/or mixture adapted to specific environments. Such information is crucial to improve cover crops establishment, growth, provision of ecosystem services, while allowing farmers to save seeds and therefore money. We discuss how to improve cover crop establishment by seed priming and coating, and appropriate seed sowing depth. Here, three cover crop families namely Poaceae, Brassicaceae, and Fabaceae, were examined in terms of seed traits and response to environmental conditions. The review showed that seed traits related to germination are crucial as they affect the germination timing and establishment of the cover crop, consequently soil coverage uniformity, factors that directly related to their suppressive effect on weeds. Poaceae and Brassicaceae exhibit higher germination percentage than Fabaceae under water deficit conditions. Seed dormancy of some Fabaceae species/cultivars limits their agricultural use of as cover crops because the domestication of some wild ecotypes is not complete. Understanding genetic and environmental regulating seed dormancy is necessary. Appropriate selection of cover crop cultivars is crucial to improve cover crop establishment and provide multiple ecosystem services including weed suppression, particularly in a climate change context.
Study of Attentional Networks of Alert, Orientation and Executive Control in Bilingual and Monolingual Primary School Children: The Role of Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Federico Francesca , Mellone Michela , Volpi Ferida , Orsolini Margherita
Published: May 2023

For decades, researchers have suggested the existence of a bilingual cognitive advantage, especially in tasks involving executive functions such as inhibition, shifting, and updating.

Recently an increasing number of studies have questioned whether or not bilingualism results in a change in executive functions based on conflicted data reported in the literature.

This study compared the performance of third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade bilingual and monolingual children on attentional and cognitive tasks.

The participants were 61 monolingual and 74 bilingual children (M:114,6 months; S.D.: 8,48 months). Participants were tested on two versions of the attention task (ANT), with and without social stimuli, and in some tests investigating working memory and receptive vocabulary tests. Additionally, we examined the sociocultural status and the reasoning abilities of the participants' families.

The results show how bilingualism and the sociocultural index affect attentional networks when the task uses social stimuli or has no social value. When the task implies non-social stimuli, only the sociocultural index shows a difference between groups in the executive conflict network.

Examining the relationships between the different variables that we considered, it is possible to note a positive relationship between the sociocultural index and executive control with social stimuli and a negative relationship between the alert network with non-social stimuli, both already documented in the literature (Schibli et al.., 2017). Interestingly, neither the sociocultural index nor the social attentional networks correlate with working memory functioning. Therefore, even if more investigations are required, the differences in social contexts mainly affect attentional functions.
A Comparative Study: The Impacts of Artificial Light and the Airborne Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Urban Versus Rural Areas in Changing Climate
Authors: Thurairajah Uthayakaren , Littlewood John , Karani George
Published: May 2023

The study aims to identify the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) hazard area, mitigation method, and possible sustainable development in a changing global climate. The critical environmental hazards are artificial light at night (ALAN) and air pollution with ambient PM2.5. People use nighttime outdoor environments for their needs, and the nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to urban ALAN during seasonal migration, which could increase the birds' exposure to PM2.5. A comparative study examines PM2.5 concentrations and the spatial correlation between ALAN and PM2.5 within urban versus rural areas. The author used the nighttime data of the artificial light on the Earth's surface and the PM2.5 level of concentration to estimate the extent of air pollution associated with PM2.5 in the ground-level atmosphere. The results can assist in determining the required PM2.5 control areas and designing and executing environmental conservation planning. Furthermore, the results of this study are not only beneﬁcial to understanding accurately the regional differences of spatiotemporal PM2.5 emission dynamics and helpful for proposing alleviation policies in air pollution control and providing scientiﬁc support for regional sustainable development in changing climate. The integrated hazards of ALAN and air pollution are most significant and likely to increase within the urban and decrease within rural areas. This study was undertaken by the first author and built upon the context of the academic, scientific, and technological challenges to identify the PM2.5 concentration in urban and rural areas and the expected outcomes.
Interpersonal and Intimate Violence in Mexican Youth: Drug Use, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chainé Silvia Morales , Bacigalupe Gonzalo , Robles García Rebeca , Montoya Alejandra Lopez , Felix Romero Violeta , Imaz Gispert Mireya Atzala
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), and mental health problems. The present study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these conditions of young Mexicans during the second year of the pandemic. A sample of 7,420 young Mexicans ages 18 to 24—two-thirds of whom were women—completed the Life Events Checklist, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Major-Depressive-Episode Checklist, the Generalized Anxiety Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. Young Mexicans reported higher rates of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal and intimate violence and mental health symptomatology than those noted pre-pandemic and in the first year of the pandemic. Harmful use of AOD rates were like those reported by adolescents before. Findings suggested asymmetric victimization and perpetration of intimate violence by gender (with women being at a higher risk than men, p≤.05). More men than women engaged in the harmful use of AOD (except for sedatives, which more women abuse). In contrast, more women than men were at risk of all mental health conditions. The path model indicates that being a victim of intimate violence predicts harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives, depression, anxiety, and specific PTSD symptoms (such as re-experimentation and avoidance symptoms). Being a victim of interpersonal violence resulted in severe PTSD symptoms (including avoidance, negative alterations in cognition-mood, and hyperarousal signs). Harmful use of sedatives predicted depressive symptoms. Men´s victimizing intimate violence model contrasted with that of women, which also included being the victim of interpersonal violence and severe PTSD symptoms. The high school youth model had three paths -victimizing-intimate violence, victimizing-interpersonal abuse, and sedative use, which predicted depression. The findings of this study could serve as the basis for future studies exploring mechanisms that predict violence patterns to develop the most cost-effective preventive programs and public policies and to address mental health conditions during community emergencies.
Effect of Atomized Black Maca Lepididum Meyenii Supplementation in the Cryopreservation of Alpaca Vicugna pacos Epididymal Spermatozoa
Authors: Lévano Gloria M , Quispe Juana L , Vargas Diego A , García Marlon , Lopez Alberto , Aguila Luis , Valdivia Martha
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of atomized black Maca in the cryopreservation medium of epididymal spermatozoa of alpaca species. Fifteen pares of testes and epididymis from alpacas of reproductive age were collected from a local (Huancavelica) slaughterhouse and transported in NaCl 0,9% at 10°C to the laboratory. Each sample of epididymal sperm was divided into six groups: 1) Fresh, 2) Yolk medium (YM), 3) YM+10mg/ml Maca, 4) YM+20mg/ml Maca, 5) YM+30mg/ml Maca, and 6) YM+ Resveratrol (antioxidant positive control). Sperm cryopreservation was performed through the slow-freezing method. Markers associated with functionality such as motility, vitality and plasma membrane integrity. Cellular markers associated with oxidative damage, such as DNA fragmentation, total ROS production and lipid peroxidation, were analyzed before and after freezing. The results showed that the supplementation with black Maca at 20mg/ml improved the sperm motility, viability and integrity of the membrane.
Similarly, total ROS production decreased with Maca at 10 mg/ml (25 ± 2.23%) and 20mg/ml (20 ± 2.52%) (P<0.05). However, DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation were similar in all groups. These results suggest that Maca at 20mg/ml has a protective effect during the freezing/thawing process of epididymal sperm of alpaca species.