bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI findings in atraumatic shoulder pain—patterns of disease correlated with age and gender
Authors: Eustace Sarah K. , Murphy Alexandra N. , Hurley Daire J. , Abul Ahmed H. Alsayegh , Kavanagh Eoin
Published: May 2022

Background

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons which support the shoulder joint. Rotator cuff disease is a frequent cause of morbidity in adulthood.

Aims

The aims of his study are to determine the prevalence and patterns of rotator cuff derangement in symptomatic patients using MRI and to attempt to correlate identified patterns of disease with age and gender

Methods

Five hundred ninety-seven patients attending for MRI of the shoulder with atraumatic shoulder pain were included for study. Patients’ age and gender was recorded. Record was made of the presence or absence of rotator cuff derangement and of degenerative change in the AC and glenohumeral joints. Correlation was made between age and gender.

Results

There were 358 males (60%) and 239 females (40%) with a mean age of 49.4 ± 17.1 years. Subacromial bursitis was identified in 517 patients. A normal supraspinatus tendon was identified in 219 patients and supraspinatus full thickness tearing was identified in 102 patients. A normal AC joint was identified in 267 patients while degenerative AC joint changes were identified in 370 patients. A significant correlation was identified between age and rotator cuff derangement (p < .001) and between age and AC joint derangement (p < .001). No significant difference was identified between gender and patterns of cuff derangement

Conclusion

The extent of rotator cuff and AC joint derangement increases with ageing. Impingement appears to trigger a cascade of events in sequence, from isolated subacromial bursitis through to supraspinatus tendon tearing. Patterns of rotator cuff derangement are similar in men and women.
Trace Elements and Arsenic Speciation of Field and Market Rice Samples in contrasting Agro-climatic Zones in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera A. J. D. , Carey Manus , De Silva P. Mangala C. S. , Meharg Caroline , Meharg Andrew A.
Published: May 2022

Rice is a major source for micro-elements for the Sri Lankan population, across all agro-climatic zones. This current study was conducted to investigate the variation of the metal(loid)s and As speciation in rice grains collected from wet, intermediate and dry zones of Sri Lanka. Field rice (brown rice) and market rice (polished rice) samples were analysed for total elemental profile and As speciation using ICP-MS and IC-ICP-MS, respectively. As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Rb, Se, Sr and Zn in field grain samples varied across climatic zones. Highest median Cd, Cu, Mo, P, Rb, Se and Zn from wet zone; Co, Fe, Mn from intermediate zone; and As and Sr from dry zone were reported. Field rice (As, 0.3%; Cd, 1%) and market rice (As, 0%; Cd, 3%) samples exceeded maximum permissible levels of As and Cd. However, higher concentrations of both fields, 18% samples for As and 21% samples for Cd, and market, 7% samples for As and 38% samples for Cd, rice exceeded the recommended permissible levels of As and Cd in infant food according to EU regulations. The high per capita consumption and the chronic exposure to As and Cd through rice may cause adverse effects on Sri Lankan children and adults.
De bijdrage van IkPas aan de landelijke en lokale preventieakkoorden
Authors: Bovens Rob H. L. M. , Hoevenaars Gisèle , Planken Martijn J. E.
Published: May 2022

Samenvatting

In de IkPas-challenge zetten deelnemers gedurende een periode hun alcoholgebruik op pauze. IkPas maakt deel uit van het Nationaal Preventie Akkoord 2018 als instrument dat de bewustwording over het eigen en maatschappelijk gebruik van alcohol verhoogt. IkPas is ook een interventie die leidt tot vermindering van overmatig alcoholgebruik en ingezet kan worden door zorgprofessionals die alcoholproblematiek signaleren. Een battle tussen twee gemeenten tijdens IkPas/Dry January 2021 laat bovendien zien dat IkPas als attractieve actie een agendasetter is en de deelname van organisaties aan een lokaal alcoholpreventiebeleid kan verhogen en verstevigen.
A Decision Support System for preclinical assessment of nanomaterials in medical products: the REFINE DSS
Authors: Zabeo Alex , Rosada Fabio , Pizzol Lisa , Caputo Fanny , Borgos Sven Even , Parot Jeremie , Geertsma Robert E. , Pouw Joost Jacob , Vandebriel Rob J. , Moreno Oihane Ibarrola , Hristozov Danail
Published: May 2022

The application of nanomaterials in medicine has led to novel pharmaceuticals and medical devices that have demonstrated a strong potential for increasing the efficacy/performance and safety of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures to address a wide range of diseases. However, the successful translation of these technologies from their inception (proof-of-concept) to clinical practice has been challenged by substantial gaps in the scientific and technical capacity of R&D companies, especially SMEs, to keep up with the ever-evolving regulatory expectations in the emerging area of nanomedicine. To address these challenges, the EU Horizon 2020 project REFINE has developed a Decision Support System (DSS) to support developers of nanotechnology-enabled health products in bringing their products to the clinic. The REFINE DSS has been developed to support experts, innovators, and regulators in the implementation of intelligent testing strategies (ITS) for efficient preclinical assessment of nanotechnology-enabled health products. The DSS applies logical rules provided by REFINE experts which generate prioritized lists of assays to be performed (i.e. ITSs) for physicochemical characterisation and for immunotoxicological endpoints. The DSS has been tested against several case studies and was validated by internal project experts as well as external ones.

Graphical abstract
Utilizing Carbon Ions to Treat Medulloblastomas that Exhibit Chromothripsis
Authors: Schreiber Hannah Sophia , Simovic Milena , Ernst Aurélie
Published: May 2022

Purpose of Review

Novel radiation therapies with accelerated charged particles such as protons and carbon ions have shown encouraging results in oncology. We present recent applications as well as benefits and risks associated with their use.

Recent Findings

We discuss the use of carbon ion radiotherapy to treat a specific type of aggressive pediatric brain tumors, namely medulloblastomas with chromothripsis. Potential reasons for the resistance to conventional treatment, such as the presence of cancer stem cells with unique properties, are highlighted. Finally, advantages of particle radiation alone and in combination with other therapies to overcome resistance are featured.

Summary

Provided that future preclinical studies confirm the evidence of high effectiveness, favorable toxicity profiles, and no increased risk of secondary malignancy, carbon ion therapy may offer a promising tool in pediatric (neuro)oncology and beyond.
Carmen Blacker
Authors: McMullen James , Browning Mary-Grace
Published: May 2022

Carmen Blacker was an outstanding scholar of Japanese culture, known internationally for her writings on religion, myth and folklore - her most notable work being The Catalpa Bow: A Study of Shamanistic Practices in Japan. Importantly, a third of the volume comprises significant extracts from the author's diaries covering a period of more than forty years, together with a plate section drawn from her extensive photographic archive, thus providing a rare opportunity to gain a personal insight into the author's life and work. The volume includes a wide selection of writings from distinguished scholars such as Donald Keene and her former pupil Peter Kornicki in celebration of her work and legacy, together with various essays and papers by Carmen Blacker herself that have hitherto not been widely available. In addition to her scholarship, Carmen Blacker was also highly regarded for her work in promoting Japanese Studies at Cambridge and played a vital role in helping to re-establish The Japan Society, London, post-war.
Grade Inflation or Grade Increase
Authors: Yeritsyan Anna , Mjelde James W. , Litzenberg Kerry K.
Published: May 2022

Academics worry grade inflation lowers standards; whereas, employers are concerned grades may not distinguish students’ abilities. These concerns are dismissed if higher grades reflect improved academic achievement and not inflation. Potential grade inflation is examined using data from 17,696 classes between 1985 and 2019 in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Texas A&M University. Evidence of systemic grade increase is found after controlling for institution, instructor, and student characteristics. Grade increases are partially explained by recruiting better and more female students. Grade inflation, however, may be associated with increased hiring of graduate students and other instructors.
Verification framework for control theory of aircraft
Authors: Jasim O. A. , Veres S. M.
Published: May 2022

A control system verification framework is presented for unmanned aerial vehicles using theorem proving. The framework’s aim is to set out a procedure for proving that the mathematically designed control system of the aircraft satisfies robustness requirements to ensure safe performance under varying environmental conditions. Extensive mathematical derivations, which have formerly been carried out manually, are checked for their correctness on a computer. To illustrate the procedures, a higher-order logic interactive theorem-prover and an automated theorem-prover are utilised to formally verify a nonlinear attitude control system of a generic multi-rotor UAV over a stability domain within the dynamical state space of the drone. Further benefits of the procedures are that some of the resulting methods can be implemented onboard the aircraft to detect when its controller breaches its flight envelope limits due to severe weather conditions or actuator/sensor malfunction. Such a detection procedure can be used to advise the remote pilot, or an onboard intelligent agent, to decide on some alterations of the planned flight path or to perform emergency landing.
Moving beyond annual data reports: A blueprint for communicating and disseminating actionable intelligence
Authors: Ruiz Raquel , Schwartz Ann , Orlando Elissa , Ossip Deborah , Zand Martin S. , Dozier Ann
Published: May 2022

Identifying and disseminating actionable intelligence is a challenging task that requires thoughtful planning. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences instituted the Common Metrics Initiative with the goal of evaluating the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Programs using a standard set of metrics. Initially managed by Tufts University, the Center for Leading Innovation and Collaboration (CLIC) at the University of Rochester began leading this initiative in 2017. In directing this work, CLIC created a framework for communicating and disseminating data insights. Insights to Inspire emerged from the need to share strategies and lessons learned to improve metric performance at the local level to a network of 60+ academic research institutions. Insights to Inspire employs a mixed methods approach for translating data into actionable intelligence. A series of blogs, webinars, and webcasts were designed to communicate metric-specific strategies used by individual sites to the broader CTSA consortium. A dissemination plan to expand the reach beyond metric stakeholders utilized focused communications including social media channels, network newsletters, and presentations at national meetings. This framework serves as a blueprint for other national evaluation programs interested in a systematic approach to using data insights for continuous improvement.
The Lottery Paradox, the No-Justification Account, and Taiwan
Authors: Lee Kok Yong
Published: May 2022

To resolve the lottery paradox, the “no-justification account” proposes that one is not justified in believing that one's lottery ticket is a loser. The no-justification account commits to what I call “the Harman-style skepticism”. In reply, proponents of the no-justification account typically downplay the Harman-style skepticism. In this paper, I argue that the no-justification reply to the Harman-style skepticism is untenable. Moreover, I argue that the no-justification account is epistemically ad hoc. My arguments are based on a rather surprising finding that the no-justification account implies that people living in Taiwan typically suffer from the Harman-style skepticism.
Aspectual Verb Constructions in Persian
Authors: Rasekh-Mahand Mohammad , Parizadeh Mehdi
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to describe and explain the different morphosyntactic and semantic features of some double verb constructions in Persian, an Indo-European language mainly spoken in Iran. It is argued that these double verb constructions are not instances of serial verb construction, but instances of emerging aspectual verbs with varied degrees of grammaticalization. It is argued that numerous factors lead to grammaticalization of these verbs, including context, the semantic class of the verbs, and their frequency. A corpus-based analysis shows that these aspectual verbs have been grammaticalized in different ratios during the last one hundred years, demonstrating ongoing change in the Persian language.
Dietary diversity score (DDS) and odds of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a case–control study
Authors: Bahrami Alireza , Shirani Pedram , Sohouli Mohammadhassan , Nasab Saeede Jaafari , Rafiee Pegah , Naja Farah , Sheikhimobarakeh Zahra , Hejazi Ehsan
Published: May 2022

Despite mounting evidence that dietary factors might have a protective role against risk of cancer, few studies have assessed the relationship between diet diversity with colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA). Thus, we examined the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and the odds of CRC and CRA. Overall, 129 CRC diagnosed patients, 130 CRA diagnosed cases and 240 healthy hospitalised controls were studied. DDS was calculated based on information on the usual diet that was assessed by a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between DDS and odds of colorectal cancer and adenoma. After adjusting for potential confounders, the diversity of grains is associated with the increased odds of CRC (ORgrains: 2·96 (1·05–8·32); P = 0·032), while the diversity of vegetables and fruits are associated with decreased odds of CRC (ORvegetables: 0·31 (0·16–0·62); P = 0·001, ORfruits: 0·37 (0·23–0·61); P < 0·001). The diversity of vegetables, fruits and dairy are inversely associated with odds of CRA (ORvegetables: 0·41 (0·21–0·78); P = 0·007, ORfruits: 0·58 (0·36–0·93); P = 0·021, ORdairies: 0·56 (0·37–0·83); P = 0·004). Also, higher DDS was related to decreased odds of both CRC (OR: 0·41 (0·23–0·72); P for trend = 0·002) and CRA (OR: 0·36 (0·21–0·65); P for trend = 0·001). Our results indicated that higher dietary diversity and particularly a diet varied in fruits and vegetables may reduce the odds of CRC and CRA. Also, the consumption of dairy products may decrease the odds of CRC, whereas the consumption of grains may increase the odds of CRC.
Morphology and paleobiology of the Late Cretaceous large-sized sharkCretodus crassidens(Dixon, 1850) (Neoselachii; Lamniformes)
Authors: Amalfitano Jacopo , Dalla Vecchia Fabio Marco , Carnevale Giorgio , Fornaciari Eliana , Roghi Guido , Giusberti Luca
Published: May 2022

The definition of the Cretaceous shark genusCretodusSokolov, 1965 is primarily based on isolated teeth. This genus includes five species. Among these,Cretodus houghtonorumShimada and Everhart, 2019 is the only species based on a partially preserved skeleton. Here, the taxonomic attribution of a virtually complete skeleton ofCretodusfrom the Turonian of northeastern Italy is discussed, together with a few specimens from the Turonian of England. One of the latter is investigated through micropaleontological analysis to determine its stratigraphic position. The material is referred toCretodus crassidens(Dixon, 1850), the diagnosis of which is emended herein. The dentition is tentatively reconstructed, exhibiting strong similarities with congeneric species, although it differs in having strong vertical folds on the main cusp labial face, a mesiodistally broad tooth aspect, weak and well-spaced ‘costulae’ at crown base, and a different dental formula in the number of parasymphyseal and lateral rows. Some tooth malformations are interpreted as feeding-related or senile characters. The Italian specimen suggests thatCretodus crassidenshad a wide and laterally expanded mouth and head, a stout body, and attained a gigantic size.Cretodus crassidenswas a moderate-speed swimming shark ecologically like the extant tiger sharkGaleocerdo cuvier(Péron and Lesueur in Lesueur, 1822). The age estimate from vertebral-band counting suggests that the Italian individual was at least 23 years old and the growth model indicates a longevity of 64 years and a maximum attainable total length of 9–11 m.Cretodus crassidensoccurs both in Boreal and Tethyan domains, implying a broad paleobiogeographic distribution and a preference toward offshore settings.
The last representatives of the Superfamily Wellerelloidea (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) in the westernmost Tethys (Iberian paleomargins) prior to their demise in the early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event
Authors: Baeza-Carratalá José Francisco , García Joral Fernando
Published: May 2022

The last clade-level extinction episode affecting the Phylum Brachiopoda has been long-established in the Early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event (ETMEE) around the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition, when several rhynchonellide groups became extinct and others underwent a notable renewal in the western Tethys. Among them, Wellerelloidea is a long-ranging superfamily severely affected by this environmental crisis, embodying the subfamily Cirpinae as the last wellerelloids worldwide, prior to their global extinction in the Pb-To transition. The profuse record of Lower Jurassic cirpines in the peri-Iberian paleomargins provides an opportunity to clarify the taxonomy of wellerelloid species in the pre-extinction interval. A new species (Cirpa lucentina) is erected and the revision of the Cirpinae taxa around the ETMEE is carried out. Morphometric analysis and the study of internal structures of the shells support separation of the genera Cirpa and Salgirella, adding new supplementary diagnostic criteria. The biogeographic distribution of this clade in the western Tethys and its evolutionary history in the Early Jurassic reveal a pervasive colonization pattern of both epicontinental and epioceanic habitats. The Mediterranean origin of the last representatives of this group is ascertained, but while diversification of Salgirella took place in epioceanic habitats, speciation of Cirpa is unrelated to biochorema boundaries, even colonizing epicontinental seas until their extinction prior to the hyperwarming event that occurred in the basal Serpentinum Zone. A rhynchonellide morphogroup epitomized by cirpines was resilient to this event in the epicontinental seas. This morphogroup is also recorded after the extinction interval by means of the genus Pseudogibbirhynchia, thus postulating potential pre- and post-extinction phyletic relationships.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/100b06c0-a803-4f6f-b0fa-2d9e2d6678d2
Associations of dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores with mortality due to CVD, cancer, and all causes among Black and White American men and women
Authors: Troeschel Alyssa N. , Byrd Doratha A. , Judd Suzanne , Flanders W. Dana , Bostick Roberd M.
Published: May 2022

One potential mechanism by which diet and lifestyle may affect chronic disease risk and subsequent mortality is through chronic systemic inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether the inflammatory potentials of diet and lifestyle, separately and combined, were associated with all-cause, all-CVD and all-cancer mortality risk. We analysed data on 18 484 (of whom 4103 died during follow-up) Black and White men and women aged ≥45 years from the prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study. Using baseline (2003–2007) Block 98 FFQ and lifestyle questionnaire data, we constructed the previously validated inflammation biomarker panel-weighted, 19-component dietary inflammation score (DIS) and 4-component lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) to reflect the overall inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle. From multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, the hazards ratios (HR) and their 95 % CI for the DIS–all-cause mortality and LIS–all-cause mortality risk associations were 1·32 (95 % CI (1·18, 1·47);Pfor trend< 0·01) and 1·25 (95 % CI (1·12, 1·38);Pfor trend< 0·01), respectively, among those in the highest relative to the lowest quintiles. The findings were similar by sex and race and for all-cancer mortality, but weaker for all-CVD mortality. The joint HR for all-cause mortality among those in the highest relative to the lowest quintiles of both the DIS and LIS was 1·91 (95 % CI 1·57, 2·33) (Pfor interaction< 0·01). Diet and lifestyle, via their contributions to systemic inflammation, separately, but perhaps especially jointly, may be associated with higher mortality risk among men and women.
The role of fingernail selenium in the association between arsenic, lead and mercury and child development in rural Vietnam: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Egwunye Jacob , Cardoso Barbara R. , Braat Sabine , Ha Tran , Hanieh Sarah , Hare Dominic , Duan Alex Xiaofei , Doronila Augustine , Tran Thach , Tuan Tran , Fisher Jane , Biggs Beverley-Ann
Published: May 2022

As, Pb and Hg are common environmental contaminants in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the association between child toxicant exposure and growth and development and determined if this association was mitigated by Se concentration. Toxicant concentrations in fingernail samples, anthropometry and Bayley’s Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition domains were assessed in 36-month-old children whose mothers had been part of a randomised controlled trial in rural Vietnam. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to estimate the effect of toxicant exposure on clinical outcomes with adjustments for potential confounders and interaction with fingernail Se concentration. We analysed 658 children who had data for at least one physical or developmental outcome, and at least one toxicant measurement, and each of the covariates. Fingernail As concentration was negatively associated with language (estimate per 10 % increase in As: −0·19, 95 % CI: (–0·32, −0·05)). Pb was negatively associated with cognition (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·08 (–0·15, −0·02)), language (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·18 (–0·28, −0·10)) and motor skills (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·12 (–0·24, 0·00)). Hg was negatively associated with cognition (estimate per 10 % increase in Hg: −0·48, (–0·72, −0·23)) and language (estimate per 10 % increase in Hg −0·51, (–0·88, −0·13)) when Se concentration was set at zero in the model. As Se concentration increased, the negative associations between Hg and both cognition and language scores were attenuated. There was no association between toxicant concentration and growth. As, Pb and Hg concentrations in fingernails of 3-year-old children were associated with lower child development scores. The negative association between Hg and neurological development was reduced in magnitude with increasing Se concentration. Se status should be considered when assessing heavy metal toxicants in children and their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Interaction of polygenetic variants related to inflammation with carbohydrate and vitamin D intakes in middle-aged and older adults in a large hospital-based cohort
Authors: Park Sunmin , Kang Suna
Published: May 2022

Low-grade subclinical inflammation is interrelated with metabolic diseases, and its susceptibility interacts with genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to examine genetic variants related to a high risk for inflammation using serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, interactions among the genetic variants and the genetic variant interaction with dietary and lifestyle factors in adults. The participants were divided into case and control by serum CRP concentrations: ≥ 0·5 mg/dl (case; n 2018) and < 0·5 mg/dl (control; n 47 185). Genetic variants contributing to high inflammation risk were selected using GWAS after adjusting covariates to influence inflammation, and genetic variant–genetic variant interactions were identified by generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. Polygenetic-risk scores (PRS) were constructed from the selected genetic variants, and PRS–nutrient interactions for the high inflammation risk were determined. The PRS included CRP_rs1205, OASL_rs3213545, APOE_rs429358, HNF1A_rs1169286, APOC1_rs7256200 and SLC13A3_rs424697. The PRS was positively associated with serum CRP concentration by 2·0 times after adjusting for covariates. The PRS interacted with age: older participants with High-PRS had much higher serum CRP concentrations than those with Low-PRS. Intake of carbohydrates, MUFA and vitamin D exhibited an interaction with PRS for inflammation risk (P < 0·05). In participants with high-carbohydrate/low-fat diets and low vitamin D intakes, those with High-PRS had a higher risk of serum CRP concentrations than those with Low-PRS. In conclusion, the participants with inflammation-related PRS potentially worsened inflammation status, especially in diets with high carbohydrates, low fat (especially MUFA) and low vitamin D. These results can be applied to personalised nutrition to reduce inflammation risk.
Understanding costs and benefits of thermal plasticity for pest management: insights from the integration of laboratory, semi-field and field assessments of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Steyn Vernon M. , Mitchell Katherine A. , Nyamukondiwa Casper , Terblanche John S.
Published: May 2022

The relative costs and benefits of thermal acclimation for manipulating field performance of pest insects depend upon a number of factors including which traits are affected and how persistent any trait changes are in different environments. By assessing plastic trait responses of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) across three distinct operational environments (laboratory, semi-field, and field), we examined the influence of different thermal acclimation regimes (cool, intermediate [or handling control], and warm) on thermal tolerance traits (chill-coma recovery, heat-knockdown time, critical thermal minimum and critical thermal maximum) and flight performance (mark-release-recapture). Under laboratory conditions, thermal acclimation altered thermal limits in a relatively predictable manner and there was a generally positive effect across all traits assessed, although some traits responded more strongly. By contrast, dispersal-related performance yielded strongly contrasting results depending on the specific operational environment assessed. In semi-field conditions, warm- or cold-acclimated flies were recaptured more often than the control group at cooler ambient conditions suggesting an overall stimulatory influence of thermal variability on low-temperature dispersal. Under field conditions, a different pattern was identified: colder flies were recaptured more in warmer field conditions relative to other treatment groups. This study highlights the trait- and context-specific nature of how thermal acclimation influences traits of thermal performance and tolerance. Consequently, laboratory and semi-field assessments of dispersal may not provide results that extend into the field setting despite the apparent continuum of environmental complexity among them (laboratory < semi-field < field).
Second-Wave Women's Movements as Foreign Policy Actors: Assessing Canadian Feminist Interventions before 1995
Authors: Bashevkin Sylvia
Published: May 2022

This article addresses second-wave feminist interventions in Canadian foreign policy debate with reference to two analytic streams: (1) political science and international relations (IR) perspectives since the late 1990s that stress the formal decisional aims of advocacy and the role of transnational networks in pressuring reluctant governments and (2) sociological approaches that underline movements’ cultural as well as statist dimensions and the significance of their domestic political strategies. Examining engagement by the Voice of Women (VOW) in nuclear weapons debates and National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) in free trade controversies confirms sociological expectations of campaigners’ varied claims and contributions and the importance of their political rootedness in Canada. Consistent with political science and IR arguments, the study finds NAC paid growing attention to international political opportunities in 1990 and following. The conclusion considers implications of the analysis and directions for future research.
On-farm agronomic performance and farmer preference of quality protein maize grown under conservation agriculture in Southern Africa: a case for Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyakurwa C. S. , Gasura E. , Mabasa S. , Rugare J. T. , Setimela P. S.
Published: May 2022

Maize is the most important staple food crop in southern Africa with human consumption averaging 91 kg/capita/year. Most smallholder farmers and weaning children depend on maize for much of the daily food requirements and it is the largest contributor of dietary proteins. Despite the development of quality protein maize (QPM) with high tryptophan and lysine content, stunting and kwashiorkor remain high in southern Africa partly due to low adoption of QPM varieties. The objective of this study was to compare the agronomic performance and farmer preferences of new generation of QPM with non-QPM varieties under conservation agriculture on-farm conditions. Eight QPM and four non-QPM varieties were tested on on-farm trials in Zimbabwe during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 cropping seasons at five different locations. Significant differences were detected among the genotypes for the measured traits in the two seasons. Similarly, genotype plus genotype × environment interactions were significant for both seasons for grain yield. Three QPM varieties, SC527, SC535 and SC643, recorded the highest and stable yield. Four QPM varieties, SC643, SC535, SC527 and MQ623, and a non-QPM variety, PAN413, were ranked high among farmers for overall ear characteristics as their most preferred varieties. The high-yielding and stable QPM varieties are likely to be adopted by farmers in southern Africa.
Do Cross-Sectional Predictors Contain Systematic Information?
Authors: Engelberg Joseph , McLean R. David , Pontiff Jeffrey , Ringgenberg Matthew C.
Published: May 2022

Firm-level variables that predict cross-sectional stock returns, such as price-to-earnings and short interest, are often averaged and used to predict market returns. Using various samples of cross-sectional predictors and accounting for the number of predictors and their interdependence, we find only weak evidence that cross-sectional predictors make good time-series predictors, especially out-of-sample. The results suggest that cross-sectional predictors do not generally contain systematic information.
A checklist of larval Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in molluscs from inland waters of Argentina: one hundred years of research
Authors: Merlo M.J. , Parietti M. , Fernández M.V. , Flores V. , Davies D.
Published: May 2022

A checklist of larval digeneans parasitising molluscs from inland waters of Argentina is presented here. Based on the bibliographical survey of 113 scientific articles and nine theses published between 1930 and 2021, 213 digeneans were found, which were distributed within 13 superfamilies and 35 families. The parasites were identified in 102 locations, encompassing eight of the sixteen biogeographical provinces in Argentina. Digeneans were found in 34 mollusc species (31 gastropods and three bivalves) belonging to 17 genera. The available data are presented for each digenean species, and included host information, localities, prevalence values, type of habitat, life cycle information (natural or experimental host), and information on material and genetic sequences deposited in repositories. Only 21.1% of individuals were identified to species level, and 8.5% to genus level. In addition, the genetic sequences of only 10 species (4.7%) were available at GenBank. This survey constitutes the first checklist of parasitic helminths in molluscs from inland waters of Argentina.
Romance pronominal clitics as pure heads
Authors: MANZINI MARIA RITA
Published: May 2022

Romance clitics are currently accounted for as DP arguments moved to functional head positions or as functional heads (AccVoice, etc.) licensingpro-DPs in argument position. I take the view that clitics are first merged as heads, projecting independently motivated categories on the functional spine of the sentence (φP, ApplP). I argue that they can satisfy theta relations without need for aproassociate. From an empirical point of view, a pure head syntax for clitics is favoured in explaining the asymmetries between clitics and phrases, found in several syntactically relevant domains (order, agreement, case). I show how the hypothesis that clitics are functional heads derives the internal order of the clitic string, which does not necessarily match (or mirror) that of phrasal constituents. I also consider agreement asymmetries (perfect participle agreement) and case asymmetries (in relation to Differential Object Marking).
Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ): Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation in French-Canadian
Authors: Guénette Line , Turcotte Véronique , Bélanger Laurianne , Blais Lucie , Sirois Caroline , Lunghi Carlotta , Duncan Polly
Published: May 2022

Reliable treatment burden measures are needed given the aging population and the associated increase in multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Treatment burden is defined as the effort to care for one’s health and the resulting impact on one’s daily life. This study aimed to translate the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) for French-Canadians and assess its reliability and validity. The MTBQ was translated and tested with cognitive debriefing interviews, and the French version (MTBQ-F) was then administered 2 times among 105 participants. Reliability and validity were examined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach’s alpha, and Spearman’s correlations. The median global MTBQ-F scores were 32.69 (interquartile range [IQR]: 21.15-48.08) and 30.77 (IQR: 21.15-46.15) for the first and second administrations, respectively. Test-retest (ICC: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.63-0.81) and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.80) were good. There was a moderate positive correlation between the MTBQ-F score and the number of self-reported conditions (rho: 0.28). This valid instrument could identify patients experiencing a high treatment burden and assess the impact of interventions among them.
Social, demographic and behavioural determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case-control study carried out during mass community testing of asymptomatic individuals in South Wales, December 2020
Authors: Thomas Daniel Rh. , Fina Laia Homar , Adamson James P. , Sawyer Clare , Jones Angela , Nnoaham Kelechi , Barrasa Alicia , Shankar A. Giri , Williams Chris J.
Published: May 2022

Between 21 November and 22 December 2020, a SARS-CoV-2 community testing pilot took place in the South Wales Valleys. We conducted a case-control study in adults taking part in the pilot using an anonymous online questionnaire. Social, demographic and behavioural factors were compared in people with a positive lateral flow test (cases) and a sample of negatives (controls). A total of 199 cases and 2621 controls completed a questionnaire (response rates: 27.1 and 37.6% respectively). Following adjustment, cases were more likely to work in the hospitality sector (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 1.43–8.03), social care (aOR 2.63, 1.22–5.67) or healthcare (aOR 2.31, 1.29–4.13), live with someone self-isolating due to contact with a case (aOR 3.07, 2.03–4.62), visit a pub (aOR 2.87, 1.11–7.37) and smoke or vape (aOR 1.54, 1.02–2.32). In this community, and at this point in the epidemic, reducing transmission from a household contact who is self-isolating would have the biggest public health impact (population-attributable fraction: 0.2). As restrictions on social mixing are relaxed, hospitality venues will become of greater public health importance, and those working in this sector should be adequately protected. Smoking or vaping may be an important modifiable risk factor.
The chromatic profile of locally colourable graphs
Authors: Illingworth Freddie
Published: May 2022

The classical Andrásfai-Erdős-Sós theorem considers the chromatic number of$K_{r + 1}$-free graphs with large minimum degree, and in the case,$r = 2$says that anyn-vertex triangle-free graph with minimum degree greater than$2/5 \cdot n$is bipartite. This began the study of the chromatic profile of triangle-free graphs: for eachk, what minimum degree guarantees that a triangle-free graph isk-colourable? The chromatic profile has been extensively studied and was finally determined by Brandt and Thomassé. Triangle-free graphs are exactly those in which each neighbourhood is one-colourable. As a natural variant, Luczak and Thomassé introduced the notion of a locally bipartite graph in which each neighbourhood is 2-colourable. Here we study the chromatic profile of the family of graphs in which every neighbourhood isb-colourable (locallyb-partite graphs) as well as the family where the common neighbourhood of everya-clique isb-colourable. Our results include the chromatic thresholds of these families (extending a result of Allen, Böttcher, Griffiths, Kohayakawa and Morris) as well as showing that everyn-vertex locallyb-partite graph with minimum degree greater than$(1 - 1/(b + 1/7)) \cdot n$is$(b + 1)$-colourable. Understanding these locally colourable graphs is crucial for extending the Andrásfai-Erdős-Sós theorem to non-complete graphs, which we develop elsewhere.
DISPERSAL OF HYDROGEN IN THE RETINA—A THREE-LAYER MODEL
Authors: MANSOOR W. F. , HOCKING G. C. , FARROW D. E.
Published: May 2022

Two simple mathematical models of advection and diffusion of hydrogen within the retina are discussed. The work is motivated by the hydrogen clearance technique, which is used to estimate blood flow in the retina. The first model assumes that the retina consists of three, well-mixed layers with different thickness, and the second is a two-dimensional model consisting of three regions that represent the layers in the retina. Diffusion between the layers and leakage through the outer edges are considered. Solutions to the governing equations are obtained by employing Fourier series and finite difference methods for the two models, respectively. The effect of important parameters on the hydrogen concentration is examined and discussed. The results contribute to understanding the dispersal of hydrogen in the retina and in particular the effect of flow in the vascular retina. It is shown that the predominant features of the process are captured by the simpler model.
Locating and Situating Justice Pal: TWAIL, International Criminal Tribunals, and Judicial Powers
Authors: XAVIER Sujith
Published: May 2022

This paper brings forward Justice Pal's dissenting opinion at the Tokyo Tribunal to add to Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) literature on international criminal law and the rules of evidence and procedure. It is part of a TWAIL effort to scrutinize the everyday practices of international prosecutions through procedural and evidentiary rules. By locating and situating Justice Pal's reasoning within the broader academic literature on dissents in international criminal law, it is possible to illustrate how and why Justice Pal's views were obscured as a relevant dissent. From this vantage point, this paper pursues Justice Pal's legacy as it relates to the rules of evidence and procedure in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. It traces the evolution of the judicial power to draft and amend these rules, and examines the impact of these decisions on the everyday functions of the tribunals and how truth is determined.
Effect of differential levels of simulated overhead irrigation on residual herbicides applied to wheat straw–covered soil for barnyardgrass control
Authors: Sperry Benjamin P. , Ferguson J. Connor , Bond Jason A. , Kruger Greg R. , Johnson Ashli B. , Reynolds Daniel B.
Published: May 2022

Crop residue can intercept and adsorb residual herbicides, leading to reduced efficacy. However, adsorption can sometimes be reversed by rainfall or irrigation. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of differential overhead irrigation level on barnyardgrass response to acetochlor, pyroxasulfone, and pendimethalin applied to bare soil or wheat straw–covered soil. Acetochlor applied to wheat straw–covered soil resulted in 25% to 40% reduced control, 30 to 50 more plants 213 cm−2, and greater biomass than bare soil applications, regardless of irrigation amount. Barnyardgrass suppression by pyroxasulfone applications to wheat straw–covered soil improved with increased irrigation; however, weed control levels similar to bare soil applications were not observed after any irrigation amount. Barnyardgrass densities from pyroxasulfone applications to bare soil decreased with irrigation but did not change in applications to wheat straw–covered soil. Aboveground barnyardgrass biomass from pyroxasulfone decreased with greater irrigation amounts in both bare soil and wheat straw–covered soil applications; however, decreased efficacy in wheat straw–covered soil applications was not alleviated with irrigation. Pendimethalin was the only herbicide tested that displayed reduced efficacy when irrigation amounts increased in applications to both bare soil and wheat straw–covered soil. Barnyardgrass control from pendimethalin applied to wheat straw–covered soil was similar to bare soil applications when approximately 0.3 to 1.2 cm of irrigation was applied; however, irrigation amounts greater than 1.2 cm resulted in greater barnyardgrass control in bare soil applications. No differences between wheat straw–covered soil and bare soil applications of pendimethalin were observed for barnyardgrass densities. These data indicate that increased irrigation or rainfall level can increase efficacy of acetochlor and pyroxasulfone. Optimal rainfall or irrigation amounts required for efficacy similar to bare soil applications are herbicide specific, and some herbicides, such as pendimethalin, may be adversely affected by increased rainfall or irrigation.
Tolerance of four dry bean market classes to flufenacet, acetochlor, and S-metolachlor applied preplant incorporated
Authors: Symington Hannah E. , Soltani Nader , Kaastra Allan C. , Hooker David C. , Robinson Darren E. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: May 2022

Common bean and azuki bean are poor competitors with weeds and demonstrate sensitivity to herbicides used for weed control in soybean. S-metolachlor, flufenacet, and acetochlor are categorized as Group 15 herbicides and provide control of multiple annual grass and select small-seeded broadleaf weeds. By way of field trials near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, in 2019, 2020, and 2021, four dry bean market classes (azuki, kidney, small red, and white bean) were evaluated for their tolerance to 1× established label rates and 2× rates of S-metolachlor (1,600 and 3,200 g ai ha−1), flufenacet (750 and 1,500 g ai ha−1) and acetochlor (1,700 and 3,400 g ai ha−1) applied preplant incorporated (PPI). Injury was evaluated by assessing visible injury symptoms, density, shoot biomass, height, seed moisture content, and seed yield. Azuki bean was more sensitive to the Group 15 herbicides than other dry bean market classes; the Group 15 herbicides caused a 12% reduction in azuki bean growth at 2 wk after emergence; growth reduction was ≤2% in the other bean classes. Flufenacet (2× rate) was the most injurious treatment, causing a 27% reduction in azuki bean yield. This study concludes that kidney, small red, and white bean have a sufficient margin of crop safety to flufenacet, acetochlor, and S-metolachlor applied PPI. Azuki bean was sensitive to flufenacet; additional research is needed to investigate azuki bean tolerance to acetochlor and S-metolachlor applied PPI.
Self-offloading therapeutic footwear using compliant snap-through arches
Authors: Maharana Priyabrata , Sonawane Jyoti , Belehalli Pavan , Ananthasuresh Gondi Kondaiah
Published: May 2022

In diabetic peripheral neuropathy, offloading high-plantar-pressure areas usingstatically offloadedcustomized insoles or expensive sensors and actuators are commonly-followed treatment procedures. In this article, we propose the concept ofdynamically self-offloadingtherapeutic footwear that operates mechanically without using sensors and actuators. We achieve this by using an array of snapping arches. When a load higher than a bespoke value is applied, these arches enter negative-stiffness regime and offload the high-pressure region by snapping to a different shape. They again return to their initial shape when the load disappears. Thus, they serve as both sensors and actuators that get actuated by person’s body weight. We present an analytical method to compute the switching load and the switchback time of such arches and use them to customize the footwear according to the person’s body weight, gait speed, and foot size. We identify the high-pressure regions from the clinical data and place the arches such that these high-pressure regions get dynamically offloaded, and the pressure gets redistributed to other regions. We considered 200 kPa as a limiting pressure to prevent the prolonged effects of high plantar pressure. To check the efficacy of the concept, a complete 3D-printed prototype made of thermoplastic polyurethane was tested and compared with barefoot and in-shoe plantar pressure for subjects recruited at a clinical facility. We notice that the self-offloading insole shows the plantar pressure reduction at all the foot regions, and significant offloading of 57% is observed at the forefoot region.
New Insights on the Radiative Impacts of Ozone‐Depleting Substances
Authors: Chiodo Gabriel , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: May 2022

The global warming potential of Ozone‐depleting substances (ODS) has long been known to be thousands of times larger than the one of CO2, but their climate impacts as greenhouse gases, i.e. unmediated by ozone depletion, has received relatively little attention. Focusing on the period 1955–2005, we here present results from offline radiative forcing (RF) calculations from a global chemistry climate model. Using realistic distributions of ODS and consistent stratospheric ozone, we show that ODS dominate the adjusted stratospheric warming of the lower stratosphere, where CO2 has little radiative impact. We also show that the global mean RF of stratospheric ozone only cancels a fraction of the RF of ODS, leaving an important ODS contribution to anthropogenic forcing. Finally we show that the RF of ODS opposes Arctic amplification, its equator‐to‐pole gradient being larger than the one of CO2.