bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Strong Ground Motions in the Area Close to the Surface Faults
Authors: Irie Kiyoshi , Saruul Dorjpalam , Dan Kazuo , Torita Haruhiko
Published: June 2018

In Japan, the seismic waves radiated from the fault in the surface layers above the seismogenic layer are not considered in the usual strong motion prediction. However, in the inland crustal earthquakes, the strong ground motions in the areas close to the surface faults could be influenced by the seismic waves radiated from the fault in the surface layers. Hence, we evaluated the seismic waves radiated from vertical strike-slip and dipping reverse faults in the surface layers to investigate their influence on the strong motions. The results of the strike-slip fault showed that the seismic waves of the fault normal (FN) component were larger than those of the fault parallel (FP) component in the period range of 0.5–5 s. At least, 80–90% of the FN component was attributed to the seismic wave radiated from the fault in the seismogenic layer. Almost 100% of the FP component was attributed to the seismic waves radiated from the fault in the surface layers. On the other hand, the results of the reverse fault showed that the seismic waves were not attributed to those from the fault in the surface layers.
Seismic Analysis of Friction-Damped Self-Centering Coupled-Beams for Moment-Resisting-Frames without Floor Elongation
Authors: Huang Xiaogang , Zhou Zhen , Xie Qin , Guo Congming , Li Canjun
Published: June 2018

The common characteristic of self-centering (SC) post-tensioned (PT) connections is the gap opening and closing at the beam-column interface, which often face the problem of deformation incompatibility with floor system and cause severe damage of floor slab. To address this drawback of PT frame expansion, an innovative friction-damped SC coupled-beams (CBs) that incorporate PT strands to provide a SC capacity along with friction devices (FDs) to dissipate energy is presented. The global mechanics of this system are briefly explained. An individual FD is tested to investigate the wear resistant properties and friction coefficients of friction materials for the energy dissipation system of SC-CBs. Detailed three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) of a single-story single-bay frame using SC-CBs are developed with consideration of different FDs installation positions. Analytical results indicate that SC-CBs can sustain large lateral deformations without structural damage under cyclic loading. Then, simplified computational models are validated based on the solid models and applied in nonlinear dynamic analysis of a five-story MRFs using SC-CBs. The frame using SC-CBs minimizes the residual drift and displays good energy dissipation capacity under both the design basis and maximum considerable levels of seismic loading.
On chaotic properties of new semidynamical systems of Lasota type in two spaces
Authors: Abdullah Habeeb Kareem , Haydar Amal Khalaf , Hussein Yaqoob Ali
Published: June 2018

The present study is concerned with construct two new semidynamical systems which are generated by two partial differential equations of Lasota type. In addition, this study discusses the asymptotic properties: Strong stability, exponential stability, periodic points, the density of periodic points, transitivity and chaos in two spaces: [Formula: see text] space and [Formula: see text] space.
The Association between the Parents’ Knowledge of Carbohydrate Counting and the Glycaemic Control of the Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ranasinghe Priyanga , Senadeera Vidarsha Rajini , Senarathna Rashmi , Sapurnika Uththara , Ramanayake Vindhya , Jayawardena Ranil
Published: June 2018

Background. Medical nutritional therapy is an important component of type 1 diabetes (T1D) care in children and carbohydrate counting is one such method. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge of carbohydrate counting among parents of children with T1D from Sri Lanka and study its association with the child’s glycaemic control. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of children with T1D. HbA1c measurement was used to assess glycaemic control. Knowledge of parent regarding carbohydrate counting was assessed based on a 24-hour dietary recall. Carbohydrate counting knowledge was defined using ratio of carbohydrate content estimated by parents to actual carbohydrate content calculated by researchers (Total, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, and Snacks). Ratios obtained were also divided into three groups, underestimation (<0.9), accurate estimation (0.9-1.1), and overestimation (>1.1). A multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine contribution of carbohydrate counting accuracy to glycaemic control (HbA1c). Results. Sample size was 181 and mean age of the parents was 38.8±5.9 years. Mean duration of diabetes in the children was 3.7±2.6 years and mean HbA1c level was 8.3±0.9%. On average, parents estimates of carbohydrate count for the total meal were 0.88±0.27 (88%) (range 0.38-1.47) of the actual carbohydrate count. Only 30.5% (n=55) of parents were grouped in the “accurate” estimation category for the total carbohydrate count. Parents of children with diabetes for ≤3 years estimated total carbohydrate count more accurately than the counterparts (p<0.05). Mean HbA1c value of those who “underestimated” was significantly higher than those with “accurate” estimation. In the multivariate analysis accuracy of carbohydrate estimation was associated with a lower HbA1c (β = −0.36; p=0.03). Conclusions. Overall knowledge of carbohydrate counting among parents was inadequate. Better knowledge was associated with improved glycaemic control in children and lower incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes. An inverse association was observed between knowledge and duration of diabetes.
Descriptive Study of Conjunctival Cysts: A Rare Complication after Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Min Xiaoshan , Jiang Hui , Shi Lingyan
Published: June 2018

Aim. Conjunctival cyst is one of the uncommon complications of strabismus surgery. It is important for surgeons and patients to be aware of and take precautions to minimize the risk. This study aimed to explore the clinical manifestations, etiology, and prognosis of conjunctival cyst at the operative site after strabismus surgery.Methods. The data of 1675 patients were included in our retrospective analysis, who underwent strabismus surgery at the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2010 and 2016. During the postoperative follow-up, conjunctival cyst was found in 7 cases (7 eyes; 0.4% detective rate of all cases). The clinical characteristics, prognosis, and follow-up data were recorded together with the results of pathological and bacteriological tests.Results. Seven patients between the age of 3 years 8 months and 39 years, with the mean age of 12.71 years (12.71 ± 12.59, years of age), were included in the study. Strabismus surgery affected 13 recti, 8 medial and 5 lateral recti, and 3 obliques (all inferior oblique). Conjunctival cyst was detected in seven patients between 10 days and 6 months postoperatively (42.57 ± 61.11, detected days). In six cases, the cyst was detected at the nasal (3 cases) or temporal side (other 3 cases), and at the fornix in one case. Four out of 7 patients underwent cyst excision, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in one patient.Conclusions. Conjunctival cyst is a rare postoperative complication of strabismus surgery, conjunctival epithelium implantation should be the primary cause, and infection might exaggerate the situation. A longer duration of the surgical procedure could increase the possibility of infection, which could be accompanied with a greater tendency to the occurrence of conjunctival cyst.
Effect of Hemoadsorption for Cytokine Removal in Pneumococcal and Meningococcal Sepsis
Authors: Leonardis Francesca , De Angelis Viviana , Frisardi Francesca , Pietrafitta Chiara , Riva Ivano , Valetti Tino Martino , Broletti Valentina , Marchesi Gianmariano , Menato Lorenza , Nani Roberto , Marson Franco , Fabbris Mirca , Cabrini Luca , Colombo Sergio , Zangrillo Alberto , Coniglio Carlo , Gordini Giovanni , Stalteri Lucia , Giuliani Giovanni , Dalmastri Vittorio , La Manna Gaetano
Published: June 2018

Bacterial meningitis and septicemia are invasive bacterial diseases, representing a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both conditions are characterized by an impressive inflammatory response, resulting rapidly in cerebral edema, infarction, hydrocephalus, and septic shock with multiple organ failure. Despite advances in critical care, outcome and prognosis remain critical. Available adjunctive treatments to control the inflammatory response have shown encouraging results in the evolution of patients with sepsis and systemic inflammation, but meningococcal or pneumococcal infection has not been investigated. We herein report five patients with similar critical pathological conditions, characterized by pneumococcal or meningococcal sepsis and treated with hemoadsorption for cytokine removal. All patients showed a progressive stabilization in hemodynamics along with a rapid and marked reduction of catecholamine dosages, a stabilization in metabolic disorders, and less-than-expected loss of extremities. Therapy proved to be safe and well tolerated. From this first experience, extracorporeal cytokine removal seems to be a valid and safe therapy in the management of meningococcal and pneumococcal diseases and may contribute to the patient stabilization and prevention of severe sequelae. Further studies are required to confirm efficacy in a larger context.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Prepared with Mexican Pre-Hispanic Dyes
Authors: Sánchez-García Mario Alberto , Bokhimi Xim , Velázquez Martínez Sergio , Jiménez-González Antonio Esteban
Published: June 2018

A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device capable of generating electrical power from the absorption of solar radiation. These cells use a SnO2 : F/TiO2/dye heterojunction as the active electrode (working electrode). Active electrodes containing TiO2 in the anatase crystalline phase and synthetic dyes are used to achieve high conversion efficiencies. Synthetic dyes, whether organic or organometallic compounds, have the disadvantage of being expensive. For this reason, many efforts are made worldwide to find natural dyes with lower production costs that can be used in the fabrication of DSSCs. Nocheztli is a natural red dye obtained from the cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus; the dye dates from pre-Hispanic times and contains high levels of carminic acid (CA). Nocheztli has been used in Mexico in textile dyeing from pre-Hispanic times to the present. Carmine is an organometallic dye with two molecules of carminic acid and one atom of aluminum in its structure; it is obtained by the interaction of the carminic acid from Nocheztli with aluminum salts. Carminic acid and carmine molecules contain a carboxyl group in their structure, allowing them to anchor to TiO2, creating a suitable heterojunction to prepare DSSCs. In this study, both dyes are used to sensitize the mesoporous TiO2m semiconductor to prepare DSSCs.
Early Results with a New Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens in Patients with High Myopia
Authors: Yaşa Dilek , Ürdem Ufuk , Ağca Alper , Yildirim Yusuf , Kepez Yildiz Burçin , Kandemir Beşek Nilay , Yiğit Ulviye , Demirok Ahmet
Published: June 2018

Purpose. To report clinical results of a foldable, hydrophilic acrylic, single-piece, injectable, posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL).Material and Methods. Medical records of patients who underwent posterior chamber phakic IOL (Eyecryl Phakic IOL, Biotech Vision Care, Ahmedabad, India) implantation for surgical correction of myopia were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients with at least a one-year follow-up were included. Manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell density (ECD), and pIOL vault were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Complications observed during and after surgery were also recorded.Results. The study included 58 eyes of 29 patients. Mean patient age was 32 ± 7 years. Spherical equivalent of manifest refraction was −13.41 ± 3.23 D preoperatively and −0.44 ± 0.55 D postoperatively. Preoperative CDVA was 0.29 ± 0.71 logMAR. Postoperative UDVA and CDVA were 0.21 ± 0.66 and 0.15 ± 0.69 logMAR, respectively, at the 12-month visit. At the 12-month visit, the efficacy index was 1.20 and the safety index was 1.39. Mean ECD was 2713 ± 339 cells/mm2at the preoperative visit and 2608 ± 362 cells/mm2at the 12-month visit (3.9% loss,p<0.001). ECD loss from 3 months to 12 months was not statistically significant. No significant cataract formation, significant endothelial cell loss, glaucoma, uveitis, or any other vision-threatening complication was observed.Conclusion. Based on postoperative experience, we have found that Eyecryl Phakic IOL is safe and effective for treating high myopia.
In Vivo Study of the Effects of ERβ on Apoptosis and Proliferation of Hormone-Independent Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC-3M
Authors: Zhou Changli , Yu Chunyu , Guo Lirong , Wang Xige , Li Huimin , Cao Qinqin , Li Feng
Published: June 2018

Objective. To evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effects of attenuated Salmonella carrying PCDNA3.1-ERβ plasmid in hormone-independent prostatic cancer in nude mice and to clarify the mechanism by which estrogen receptor β (ERβ) induces apoptosis and proliferation in prostatic cancer cells in mice. Methods. The orthotopic prostatic cancer models of mice were randomly divided as follows: MOCK group, treated with PBS, PQ group, treated with attenuated Salmonella alone, PQ-PCDNA3.1 group, treated with attenuated Salmonella carrying PCDNA3.1 plasmid, and PQ-PCDNA3.1-ERβ group, treated with the attenuated Salmonella carrying PCDNA3.1-ERβ plasmid. Then, 10 μl of the plasmid-containing solution, comprising 1 × 107 cfu of the bacteria, was administered via intranasal delivery to each group except the MOCK group. The experimental methods included flow cytometry and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Results. Compared with the MOCK, PQ, and PQ-PCDNA3.1 groups, the weights of tumors in the PQ-PCDNA3.1-ERβ group were significantly reduced. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL assay revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in the PQ-PCDNA3.1-ERβ group significantly increased. Compared with PQ-PCDNA3.1 group, the protein expression levels of ERβ, Bad, p-caspase 9, p-caspase 3, and cleaved PARP in the PQ-PCDNA3.1-ERβ group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of Akt, p-Akt, and Bcl-xl were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion. The attenuated Salmonella carrying PCDNA3.1-ERβ plasmid could inhibit the growth of orthotopic prostatic cancer in mice by increasing the expression of ERβ.
Investigations into Isoniazid TreatedMycobacterium tuberculosisby Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Reveals New Insights into Its Lipid Composition
Authors: Pal Rahul , Hameed Saif , Sabareesh Varatharajan , Kumar Parveen , Singh Sarman , Fatima Zeeshan
Published: June 2018

Many of the earlier studies involving the effect of isoniazid (INH) treatment have solely focused on the fatty acyl (FA) category ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) lipids. This motivated us with the major interest to examine the impact of INH on various other categories of MTB lipids. Towards this, we chose to interpret our mass spectral data (LC-ESI-MS) by a standalone software, MS-LAMP, in which “Mtb LipidDB” was integrated. Analysis by MS-LAMP revealed that INH treatment can alter the composition of “glycerolipids (GLs)” and “glycerophospholipids (GPLs)” categories of MTB lipids, in addition to the variations to FA category. Interpretation by “MycoMass” database yielded similar results as that of Mtb LipidDB, except that significant alterations to polyketides (PKs) category also were observed. Probing biosynthetic pathways of certain key lipids belonging to any of GLs, GPLs, and PKs categories can be attractive target(s) for drug discovery or can be useful to identify means to overcome drug resistance or to obtain insights into the causal factors of virulence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report hinting at the influence of INH on GLs, GPLs, and PKs of MTB.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Perinatal Depression in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Abebe Sileshi Ayele , Sori Lamessa Melese , Abegaz Tadesse Melaku
Published: June 2018

Background. There is no pooled evidence regarding the prevalence and potential associated factors of perinatal depression in Ethiopian community. Hence, the current review aimed to examine the prevalence and associated factors of perinatal depression in Ethiopia. Method. A computerized systematic literature search was made in MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Each database was searched from its start date to January 2018. All included articles were published in English, which evaluated prevalence and associated factors of perinatal depression in Ethiopia. Pooled estimations with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with DerSimonian-Laird (DL) random-effects model. Publication bias was evaluated by using inspection of funnel plots and statistical tests. Result. Eight observational studies with an overall sample size of 4624 mothers were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of perinatal depression from these studies reported that the prevalence of perinatal depression in Ethiopia is 25.8% [95% CI, 24.6%-27.1%]. A pervious history of depression [RR: 3.78 (95% CI, 2.18-6.57), I2 = 41.6%], poor socioeconomic status [RR: 4.67 (95% CI, 2.89-7.53), I2 = 0%], not living with spouse [RR: 3.76 (95% CI, 1.96-7.38), I2 = 36.4%], having obstetric complications in previous and/or this pregnancy [RR: 2.74 (95% CI, 1.48-5.06), I2 = 67.7%], and having unplanned pregnancy [RR: 2.73 (95% CI, 2.11-3.53), I2 = 0%] were the major factors associated with perinatal depression. Conclusion. The pooled prevalence of perinatal depression in Ethiopia is far above most developed as well as developing countries. Hence, to realize the sustainable development goals (SDGs) outlined by united nation, much attention should be given to improve maternal mental health through reduction of identified modifiable factors. Maternal health programs, polices, and activities should incorporate maternal mental health as a core component.
Avian Community Structure as a Function of Season, Habitat Type, and Disturbance, in Mole National Park, Northern Region (Ghana)
Authors: Nsor Collins Ayine , Acquah Emmanuel , Mensah Grace , Kusi-Kyei Vincent , Boadi Samuel
Published: June 2018

The study assessed factors that influenced bird-habitat preference, diversity, and spatial distribution in Mole National Park. Birds were identified using point count sampling method, while ordination techniques were performed to determine the influence of environmental factors on bird-habitat preference. A total of 4951 individuals belonging to 131 species were identified across the four habitat types in the wet (n= 3033) and dry (n= 1648) seasons. Despite the high abundance and richness of birds in the woodland and shrubland habitats, grassland habitat was the most diverse, due to the high spatial evenness distribution of the birds. Bushfire, patchiness, and animal trampling were the key environmental determinants in bird assemblages and habitat preferences and accounted for 62.02% and 81.82% variations in the two seasons. Rarer birds like White-Backed Vulture (NT) and White-Headed Vulture (CR), Bateleur Eagle (NT), and Woolly-Necked Stork (VU), with high conservation concern, suggest intensification of conservation effort, while the dominance of Sahel Bush-sparrow was probably due to their broad range habitat preferences and ability to adapt to environmental conditions across these habitats. These species could be used as indicators of habitat quality, if future scenarios restrict their movement or distribution in narrow range habitats.
A Simplified Scheme for Piezoelectric Anisotropic Analysis in Human Vertebrae Using Integral Methods
Authors: Duarte Vannessa de J. , Thoeni Klaus , Garzón-Alvarado Diego , Cerrolaza Miguel
Published: June 2018

This paper outlines a computational model for the analysis of the piezoelectric behaviour of the vertebral body remodelling process. Particular attention is paid to the algorithms for the simulation of the stress energy density for each point of the geometry and the distribution of the density in the bone. In addition, the model takes into account the piezoelectric effect and the anisotropy (transversal isotropy) of the bone. A model for internal anisotropic piezoelectric bone remodelling of a human vertebra is discussed in detail. The model consists of the implementation of an algorithm which includes the elastic and electric variables in a single equation using boundary element method. The presented results show a good agreement with biological data and the model does not include any electric additional charge.
Pleurotus albidus Modulates Mitochondrial Metabolism Disrupted by Hyperglycaemia in EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells
Authors: Gambato Gabriela , Pavão Elisa Maria , Chilanti Gabriela , Fontana Roselei Claudete , Salvador Mirian , Camassola Marli
Published: June 2018

Hyperglycaemia exacerbates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to the multiple complications associated with diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also known to be associated with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effect of Pleurotus albidus extract on the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hyperglycaemia in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. The results showed that P. albidus treatment prevented the increase in the activity of complex I of the electron transport chain and minimized the ROS production induced by hyperglycaemia. In addition, the extract minimized oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, caused an imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased the nitric oxide levels induced by hyperglycaemia. These data contribute to our understanding of the mitochondrial disorder induced by hyperglycaemia as well as establishing the conditions required to minimize these alterations.
Clinical Impact and Prognostic Role of KRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA Mutations in Stage I Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Reggiani Bonetti Luca , Barresi Valeria , Maiorana Antonino , Manfredini Samantha , Caprera Cecilia , Bettelli Stefania
Published: June 2018

Stage I colorectal carcinoma has excellent prognosis, with 5-year survival rate up to 95%. The occurrence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor budding, high number of PDC, or lymph node micrometastases is associated with tumor progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutational status of 62 stage I colorectal carcinomas (CRC) (taken from 37 patients surviving more than five years since the initial diagnosis and from 25 patients who died of disease) and to correlate it with histopathological features and the clinical outcome. Mutations of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA genes were analyzed through Myriapod Colon Status Kit, using the high-throughput genotyping platform Sequenom MassARRAY System. Mutations in those genes were found in 31 cases (50%) and mainly in those with poor prognosis. The most frequent mutations occurred at codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS gene (40% of cases). We found concomitant PIK3CA mutations in 5 cases (8%). The presence of PIK3CA mutations was mainly observed in tumors with poor prognosis and with unfavorable histopathological prognostic features. High PDC grade (P=0.0112), the presence of tumor budding (P=0.0334), LVI (P<0.0001), KRAS mutations (P=0.0228), PIK3CA mutations (P=0.0214), multiple genetic mutations in KRAS and PIK3CA genes (P=0.039), and nodal micrometastases (P<0.0001) were significant prognostic variables for CSS. The presence of LVI was the only independent and statistically significant prognostic variable for CSS in our cohort of pTNM stage I CRCs. The analysis of KRAS/PIK3CA mutational status may be used to identify patients with stage I CRC at high risk of bad outcome and who may need additional treatments, including biological therapies.
Bilateral Multiligamentous Knee Injuries: A Case Report and Technique Review
Authors: Messer Malynda S. , Southam Brendan , Grawe Brian M.
Published: June 2018

Bilateral knee dislocations are rare musculoskeletal injuries. We report a case of a patient who sustained traumatic bilateral knee dislocations resulting in multiligamentous injuries to both knees. The patient subsequently underwent acute ligamentous reconstructions of both knees performed at 2 weeks and 3 weeks after the initial injury. One year after these procedures, the patient has achieved excellent functional outcomes and has returned to recreational sports.
Comparison of CMM and Micro-CT Volumetric Analysis of Polyethylene Tibial Knee Inserts in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Jiang Wei , Ji Cuicui , Xiao Huaxing , Jin Zhongmin , Dai Yuntian
Published: June 2018

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) bearings are used widely in orthopaedic joint replacement as a prominent material for improving the longevity, which is dramatically influenced by wear of polyethylene. Polyethylene tibial knee components from knee simulators under two different input conditions were analyzed using CMM and Micro-CT measurement techniques for volumetric loss with gravimetric measurement as reference. Based on the coordinates and image slices obtained, the surface curve fitting and image digitization methodology were used for the creation of nominal “original” surface in the case of no prewear data provided. The comparison results indicate that gravimetric remains the gold standard and the CMM measurement took less time and had better precision, accuracy, and repeatability compared to Micro-CT measurement technique.
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter, Waist Circumference, and BMI as Predictors of Multiple Measures of Glucose Metabolism: An NHANES Investigation of US Adults
Authors: Firouzi Shelby A. , Tucker Larry A. , LeCheminant James D. , Bailey Bruce W.
Published: June 2018

The objective was to compare associations between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist circumference, and BMI to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), along with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, in a nationally representative sample of 3582 US adults. The study also analyzed the effect of multiple covariates on the anthropometric and glucose metabolism associations. A cross-sectional design was used. SAD was assessed using an abdominal caliper. All other data were collected following strict NHANES protocols. The OGTT was the primary variable used to index glucose metabolism. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR were also evaluated. Results showed that mean ± SE values were as follows: SAD: 22.3 ± 0.1 cm, waist circumference: 98.0 ± 0.4 cm, BMI: 28.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2, OGTT: 113.9 ± 1.0 mg/dL, fasting glucose: 99.6 ± 0.3 mg/dL, HbA1c: 5.4 ± 0.01%, and HOMA-IR: 3.2 ± 0.1. Compared to waist circumference and BMI, SAD consistently emerged as the best predictor of glucose metabolism, before and after adjusting for the covariates, and with the sample stratified by gender, race, or age. SAD was not a better predictor of OGTT among normal-weight adults or non-Hispanic Black adults. Due to the ease of taking SAD measurements, we recommend that healthcare providers use this simple method to more precisely predict diabetes risk, especially among overweight and obese adults.
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Majjad A. , Errahali Y. , Toufik H. , H Djossou J. , Ghassem M. A. , Kasouati J. , Maghraoui A. El
Published: June 2018

Introduction. A variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MS) have been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of MS disorders in Moroccan diabetic patients. Methods. A cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients with DM. We recorded demographic features of patients and characteristics of DM. MS disorders and vascular complications were assessed by clinical examinations and investigations. Associated factors of MS disorders were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Result. 376 subjects were included; 84.6% had type 2 DM. The participants’ median age was 54 years [45–62]; 41% had one or more vascular complications. 34.4% had one or more MS disorders. Osteoarthritis was present in 19.4% of patients. Hand disorders were seen in 14.4%. Shoulder capsulitis was present in 12.5%. Long duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia were associated with increased prevalence of hand abnormalities (P=0.017; P=0.019, respectively). Age and dyslipidemia were associated with shoulder capsulitis (P=0.019; P=0.047, respectively). Female gender, overweight, and nephropathy were associated with increased odds of osteoarthritis (P=0.009, P=0.004, and P=0.032, respectively). Conclusion. MS disorders are frequent in this population and associated with various factors. HbA1c level does not appear to be associated with development of MS disorders.
Advancing Parental Age and Risk of Solid Tumors in Children: A Case-Control Study in Peru
Authors: Rios Ligia , Vásquez Liliana , Oscanoa Mónica , Maza Iván , Gerónimo Jenny
Published: June 2018

Background. The causes of childhood cancer are not well known, but the advanced age of the parents has been suggested as a risk factor for childhood cancer in several observational studies. In this study, we examine a possible link between parental age and childhood solid tumors. Methods. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study (310 cases and 620 controls, matched by age and gender) at Rebagliati Hospital, Lima, Peru. Odd ratio was used to compare categories of advancing maternal and paternal age with and without adjusting for possible confounding factors were calculated. Results. The risk of childhood retinoblastoma was significantly higher among children of mothers aged> 35 years (adjusted OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-6.08) and fathers aged> 35 years (OR 1.17; 1.01-16.33). A significant trend with increasing mother's age (p = 0.037) and father's age (p = 0.005) was found. There were more risks to development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.047) and gonadal germ cell tumors (p = 0.04) for advanced paternal age. There was a strong protective effect of increasing parity on risk of solid tumors in children (p=0.0015). Conclusion. Our results suggest that advanced parental age is associated with the risk for the development of retinoblastoma. Advanced paternal age increases the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and gonadal germ cell tumor. The higher the order of birth of the children, the less the chance of developing any neoplasm.
Factors Influencing Patient Decisions Regarding Treatments for Skin Growths: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li David G. , Xia Fan Di , Rana Jasmine , Young Grace J. , Alizadeh Forootan , Joyce Cara , Das Shinjita , Mostaghimi Arash
Published: June 2018

Variations in treatment modalities for skin growths contribute substantially to overall healthcare spending within dermatology. However, little is known regarding factors impacting patient decision-making when choosing a treatment modality. In this survey-based, cross-sectional study (n = 375, 81.9% response rate), we asked patients to rate the importance of different treatment parameters for a nonfacial skin growth, further classified into five domains: efficacy, appearance, financial impact, visit duration, and productivity. Although patients generally prioritized treatment efficacy when selecting a treatment modality, they emphasized different aspects of the treatment experience as a function of age, gender, race, insurance status, and history of malignancy. Patients over age 50 were less likely to consider treatment impact on finances as being “important”, but more so efficacy and visit duration. Women were more likely to value efficacy and appearance. Patients without private insurance were more likely to cite efficacy and impact on productivity as being “important”. While the underlying reasons for these variations differ across patients, these findings help explain variations in treatment selection among patients choosing between treatments for skin growths and may ultimately lead to improved shared decision-making.
Structural Study of Europium Doped Gadolinium Polyphosphates LiGd(PO3)4 and Its Effect on Their Spectroscopic, Thermal, Magnetic, and Optical Properties
Authors: Hammami Saoussen , Boudjada Nassira Chniba , Megriche Adel
Published: June 2018

Alkali metal-rare earth polyphosphates LiGd(1-x)Eux(PO3)4 (LGP:Eu3+) (where x= 0, 0.02 and 0.04) were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The Rietveld refinement showed the following cell parameters: I 2/a space group, a=9.635(3) Å, b=7.035(3) Å, c=13.191(3) Å, β=90.082°, V= 894.214Å3, and Z=4. The similarity between RF=4.21% and RB=4.31% indicated that the realized refinement is reliable. The crystal structure consists of infinite zig-zag chains of PO43- tetrahedra, linked by bridging oxygen. The acyclic structure of polyphosphates is confirmed by infrared and Raman (IR) spectroscopies. A good thermal stability up to 940°C and paramagnetic behavior of these compounds were also proved by thermal analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements, respectively. Excitation spectra revealed the charge transfer phenomenon between O2- and Eu3+ (CTB), the energy transfer from Gd3+ to Eu3+, and the intrinsic 4f-4f transitions of Eu3+ where the electronic transitions were also identified. Moreover, LGP:Eu3+ can emit intense reddish orange light under excitation at 394 nm. The strongest tow at 578 and 601 nm can be attributed to the transitions from excited state 5D0 to ground states 7F1 and 7F2, respectively.
Predictors of Noncompliance to Antihypertensive Therapy among Hypertensive Patients Ghana: Application of Health Belief Model
Authors: Obirikorang Yaa , Obirikorang Christian , Acheampong Emmanuel , Odame Anto Enoch , Gyamfi Daniel , Philip Segbefia Selorm , Opoku Boateng Michael , Pascal Dapilla Dari , Brenya Peter Kojo , Amankwaa Bright , Adu Evans Asamoah , Nsenbah Batu Emmanuel , Gyimah Akwasi Adjei , Amoah Beatrice
Published: June 2018

This study determined noncompliance to antihypertensive therapy (AHT) and its associated factors in a Ghanaian population by using the health belief model (HBM). This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Kintampo Municipality in Ghana recruited a total of 678 hypertensive patients. The questionnaire constituted information regarding sociodemographics, a five-Likert type HBM questionnaire, and lifestyle-related factors. The rate of noncompliance to AHT in this study was 58.6%. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 43.5 (±5.2) years and median duration of hypertension was 2 years. Overall, the five HBM constructs explained 31.7% of the variance in noncompliance to AHT with a prediction accuracy of 77.5%, after adjusting for age, gender, and duration of condition. Higher levels of perceived benefits of using medicine [aOR=0.55(0.36-0.82),p=0.0001] and cue to actions [aOR=0.59(0.38-0.90),p=0.0008] were significantly associated with reduced noncompliance while perceived susceptibility [aOR=3.05(2.20-6.25), p<0.0001], perceived barrier [aOR=2.14(1.56-2.92), p<0.0001], and perceived severity [aOR=4.20(2.93-6.00),p<0.0001] were significantly associated with increased noncompliance to AHT. Participant who had completed tertiary education [aOR=0.27(0.17-0.43), p<0.0001] and had regular source of income [aOR=0.52(0.38-0.71), p<0.0001] were less likely to be noncompliant. However, being a government employee [aOR=4.16(1.93-8.96), p=0.0002)] was significantly associated increased noncompliance to AHT. Noncompliance to AHT was considerably high and HBM is generally reliable in assessing treatment noncompliance in the Ghanaian hypertensive patients. The significant predictors of noncompliance to AHT were higher level of perceived barriers, susceptibility, and severity. Intervention programmes could be guided by the association of risk factors, HBM constructs with noncompliance to AHT in clinical practice.
Association between Obesity, Surgical Route, and Perioperative Outcomes in Patients with Uterine Cancer
Authors: Al Sawah Entidhar , Salemi Jason L. , Hoffman Mitchel , Imudia Anthony N. , Mikhail Emad
Published: June 2018

Objective. To study temporal trends of hysterectomy routes performed for uterine cancer and their associations with body mass index (BMI) and perioperative morbidity.Methods. A retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) 2005-2013 databases was conducted. All patients who were 18 years old and older with a diagnosis of uterine cancer and underwent hysterectomy were identified using ICD-9-CM and CPT codes. Surgical route was classified into four groups: total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), total vaginal hysterectomy (TVH), laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) including both conventional and robotically assisted. Patients were then stratified according to BMI.Results. 7199 records were included in the study. TLH was the most commonly performed route of hysterectomy regardless of BMI, with proportions of 50.9%, 48.9%, 50.4%, and 51.2% in ideal, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients, respectively. The median operative time for TAH was 2.2 hours compared to 2.7 hours for TLH (p< 0.01). The median length of stay for TAH was 3 days compared to 1 day for TLH (p< 0.01). The percentage of patients with an adverse outcome (composite indicator including transfusion, deep venous thrombosis, and infection) was 17.1 versus 3.7 for TAH and TLH, respectively (p< 0.01).Conclusion. During the last decade, TLH has been increasingly performed in women with uterine cancer. The increased adoption of TLH was seen in all BMI subgroups.
Comparisons of the Health Benefits of Strength Training, Aqua-Fitness, and Aerobic Exercise for the Elderly
Authors: Leirós-Rodríguez Raquel , Soto-Rodríguez Anxela , Pérez-Ribao Ignacio , García-Soidán José L.
Published: June 2018

Objective. To compare strength training, aqua-fitness, and aerobic exercise programs to discern the differences in the benefits achieved by each of the activities in older people. Design. Double-blind randomized trial. Setting. Controlled clinical environment. Participants. 108 people: 54 female paired with a male of the same age (average age of 65.5 ± 5.6 years). Interventions. Three exercise programs (aqua-fitness, aerobic exercise, and strength training) for six months. Main Outcome Measures. Body Mass Index, Senior Fitness Test (which evaluated functional fitness), and the SF-12 Health Survey. Results. Men showed greater positive changes in the aerobic exercise group for general self-perceived mental health, leg strength, and flexibility of legs and arms. The largest improvements in overall self-perceived physical health and upper limb strength were in the men of the strength training group. The women participants in the strength training group obtained greater benefits, especially in self-perceived mental and physical health and in the strength of the four limbs. Conclusions. To maximise benefits, older people, in general, may want to consider participating in aerobic activity. Furthermore, older women would benefit greatly, both emotionally and physically, from exercise that includes strength training.
Use of a Total Variation Minimization Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm to Evaluate Reduced Projections during Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Gomi Tsutomu , Koibuchi Yukio
Published: June 2018

Purpose. We evaluated the efficacies of the adaptive steepest descent projection onto convex sets (ASD-POCS), simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), filtered back projection (FBP), and maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) total variation minimization iterative algorithms for reducing exposure doses during digital breast tomosynthesis for reduced projections. Methods. Reconstructions were evaluated using normal (15 projections) and half (i.e., thinned-out normal) projections (seven projections). The algorithms were assessed by determining the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and the BR3D Phantom was used to evaluate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the in-focus plane. A mean similarity measure of structural similarity (MSSIM) was also used to identify the preservation of contrast in clinical cases. Results. Spatial resolution tended to deteriorate in ASD-POCS algorithm reconstructions involving a reduced number of projections. However, the microcalcification size did not affect the rate of FWHM change. The ASD-POCS algorithm yielded a high CNR independently of the simulated mass lesion size and projection number. The ASD-POCS algorithm yielded a high MSSIM in reconstructions from reduced numbers of projections. Conclusions. The ASD-POCS algorithm can preserve contrast despite a reduced number of projections and could therefore be used to reduce radiation doses.
A New Lunar DEM Based on the Calibrated Chang’E-1 Laser Altimeter Data
Authors: Huang Yong , Chang Shengqi , Qin Songhe , Li Peijia , Hu Xiaogong , Fan Min
Published: June 2018

To improve the lunar DEM accuracy derived from CE-1 altimeter data, CE-1 laser altimeter data are calibrated in this paper. Orbit accuracy and ranging accuracy are the two most important factors to affect the application of altimeter data in the lunar topography. An empirical method is proposed to calibrate CE-1 altimeter data, using gridded LOLA DEM to correct systematic errors of CE-1 altimeter data, and the systematic bias is about -139.52 m. A new lunar DEM grid model based on calibrated CE-1 altimeter data with the spatial resolution of 0.0625°  × 0.0625° is obtained as well as a spherical harmonic model at 1400th order. Furthermore, the DEM accuracy is assessed through the comparison with the nearside landmarks of the Moon, and the results show that the DEM accuracy is improved from 127.3 m to 48.7 m after the calibration of laser altimeter data.
Effect of the Drum Height on the Seismic Behaviour of a Free‐Standing Multidrum Column
Authors: Buzov Ante , Radnić Jure , Grgić Nikola , Baloević Goran
Published: June 2018

The results of a shake‐table study on the effect of the drum height on the seismic behaviour and bearing capacity of small‐scale free‐standing multidrum columns are presented. Columns of equal height with one, three, and six drums through their height were considered for the case of their self‐weight only and for the case with an additional weight on the top of the column. The columns were exposed to a horizontal base acceleration of three accelerograms by successively increasing the maximum acceleration to their failure. The characteristic displacements and accelerations of the column were measured. It was concluded that an increase in the number of blocks in the column can significantly increase or decrease its ultimate bearing capacity, depending on the type of the applied accelerogram. It is expected that the experimental database can be useful in the validation of nonlinear numerical models for the dynamic analysis of multidrum columns.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Prisoners in Jimma Town Prison, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Abdu Zakir , Kabeta Teshome , Dube Lamessa , Tessema Workinesh , Abera Mubarek
Published: June 2018

Background. Mental disorder is one of the greatest challenges that current and future generations will face. Currently among all people suffering from depression, 85% of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies reported the global burden/prevalence of depression to be five to ten times higher among prisoners than the general population. However, the prevalence of depression among prisoners in our study area is not known. Objective. This study therefore aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Jimma town in 2017. Method. A cross-sectional study design was employed on 332 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method. Data was collected by a face to face interview using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result. The study revealed that 41.9% (n=139) of participants among prisoners had depression. Having family history of mental illness (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI = 2.6, 13.8), having chronic physical illness (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.29, 6.41), having history of previous incarceration (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.02, 10.64), lack of job in the prison (AOR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.09, 11.8), lifetime alcohol use (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.8, 7.26), thinking life to be a difficult one after release from prison (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.6), having age between 21 and 25 years (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.89), and having poor social support (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.27, 3.82) had significant association with depression in the fully adjusted final regression model. Conclusion. This study has shown that the prevalence of depression among prisoners was very high. Having family history of mental illness, having chronic physical illness, having previous incarceration, lack of job in prison, lifetime alcohol use, thinking life to be difficult one after release from prison, having age between 21 and 25 years old, and having poor social support were found to have an impact on the prevalence of depression.
Exact Traveling Wave Solutions to the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Jaulent-Miodek Equation
Authors: Gu Yongyi , Deng Bingmao , Lin Jianming
Published: June 2018

We derive exact traveling wave solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Jaulent-Miodek equation by means of the complex method, and then we illustrate our main result by some computer simulations. It has presented that the applied method is very efficient and is practically well suited for the nonlinear differential equations that arise in mathematical physics.
Dietary Habits in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Evaluation of Food as Trigger of Symptoms Exacerbation
Authors: Sánchez Jorge , Sánchez Andres , Cardona Ricardo
Published: June 2018

Background. Many patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) identify different foods as triggers of their symptoms and frequently make dietary restrictions without enough information.Objective. To explore the diet habits of CSU patients and estimate the clinical impact of the foods most frequently reported to be suspect.Methodology. Patients were interrogated about their clinical history of urticaria. Skin prick test and sIgE serum were done for most frequently reported foods by patients. Food challenge test was also performed. A group of healthy subjects was included to compare the dietary habits and the results of the diagnostic tests.Results. Patients with CSU (n 245) and healthy (n 127) subjects were included. 164 (66%) subjects from CSU group and 31 (24%) from the control group reported at least one adverse reaction with foods. Food IgE sensitization was similar in both groups (17.5% versus 16.5%, respectively). 410 food challenge tests in 164 CSU patients and 38 in 38 control subjects were performed. 1.2% in CSU group and 0.7% in control group had a positive oral challenge test.Conclusion. Despite the high frequency of self-report by patients, foods are uncommon triggers of CSU. Nevertheless, food challenge tests have to be offered early during medical evaluation to avoid unnecessary restrictions.