bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Multi-Scale Genetic, Neuroimaging and Clinical Data for Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease and Reconstruction of Relevant Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Khanna Shashank , Domingo-Fernández Daniel , Iyappan Anandhi , Emon Mohammad Asif , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Fröhlich Holger
Published: July 2018

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is among the most frequent neuro-degenerative diseases. Early diagnosis is essential for successful disease management and chance to attenuate symptoms by disease modifying drugs. In the past, a number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and neuro-imaging based biomarkers have been proposed. Still, in current clinical practice, AD diagnosis cannot be made until the patient shows clear signs of cognitive decline, which can partially be attributed to the multi-factorial nature of AD. In this work, we integrated genotype information, neuro-imaging as well as clinical data (including neuro-psychological measures) from ~900 normal and mild cognitively impaired (MCI) individuals and developed a highly accurate machine learning model to predict the time until AD is diagnosed. We performed an in-depth investigation of the relevant baseline characteristics that contributed to the AD risk prediction. More specifically, we used Bayesian Networks to uncover the interplay across biological scales between neuro-psychological assessment scores, single genetic variants, pathways and neuro-imaging related features. Together with information extracted from the literature, this allowed us to partially reconstruct biological mechanisms that could play a role in the conversion of normal/MCI into AD pathology. This in turn may open the door to novel therapeutic options in the future.
Durable targeting of B-lymphocytes in living mice
Authors: Cascalho M. , Huynh D. , Lefferts A. R. , Stein L. , Lanigan T. , Decker J. , Shea L. D. , Platt J. L.
Published: July 2018

Transfer to and enduring expression of genes in B cells has proved a vexing challenge. We report here a novel method for the specific and durable targeting of B lymphocytes in living mice. The method involves generation of lentiviruses pseudotyped with an anti-CD19 antibody. CD19 targeting viruses injected in the spleen of living mice efficiently transduced B cells and plasma cells detected by flow cytometry analysis of GFP expression. Expression of the reporter gene could be detected in the intact animal by external imaging for more than a year and was enhanced by booster immunization. Our method thus enables the specific delivery, expression and localization by external imaging of exogenous genes to the B cells and plasma cells of living individuals.
The structural model of Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in complex with RNA for rational design of novel nucleotide inhibitors
Authors: Šebera Jakub , Dubankova Anna , Sychrovský Vladimír , Ruzek Daniel , Boura Evzen , Nencka Radim
Published: July 2018

Zika virus is a global health threat due to significantly elevated risk of fetus malformations in infected pregnant women. Currently, neither an effective therapy nor a prophylactic vaccination is available for clinical use, desperately necessitating novel therapeutics and approaches to obtain them. Here, we present a structural model of the Zika virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ZIKV RdRp) in complex with template and nascent RNAs, Mg2+ ions and accessing nucleoside triphosphate. The model allowed for docking studies aimed at effective pre-screening of potential inhibitors of ZIKV RdRp. Applicability of the structural model for docking studies was illustrated with the NITD008 artificial nucleotide that is known to effectively inhibit the function of the ZIKV RdRp. The ZIKV RdRp – RNA structural model is provided for all possible variations of the nascent RNA bases pairs to enhance its general utility in docking and modelling experiments. The developed model makes the rational design of novel nucleosides and nucleotide analogues feasible and thus provides a solid platform for the development of advanced antiviral therapy.
Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) as a Regulator of Wound Angiogenesis
Authors: Michalczyk Elizabeth R. , Chen Lin , Fine David , Zhao Yan , Mascarinas Emman , Grippo Paul J. , DiPietro Luisa A.
Published: July 2018

Although the inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing have been well described, much less is known about how healing resolves. During the resolution phase, pruning of the capillary bed and maturation of capillaries occurs and influences the final strength and fidelity of the wound. PEDF, an endogenous anti-angiogenic factor, is produced in wounds and may contribute to the removal of capillaries during wound resolution. This study utilized PEDF−/− mice to examine how PEDF influences wound angiogenesis, particularly capillary density and permeability. The absence of PEDF led to transient changes in dermal wound closure and collagen content, but caused substantial changes in wound angiogenesis. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, wounds from PEDF−/− mice exhibited a significant increase in capillaries during the proangiogenic phase of repair, and a delay in capillary pruning. Conversely, the addition of rPEDF caused a reduction in capillary density within skin wounds in WT mice. In vitro studies showed that PEDF inhibited migration and tube formation by dermal microvascular endothelial cells, and caused a decrease in the expression of VEGFR2, VCAM-1, and other surface receptors. The results demonstrate that loss of PEDF causes a distinctive wound healing phenotype that is characterized by increased angiogenesis and delayed resolution. The findings suggest that PEDF most likely acts through multiple mechanisms to regulate proper capillary refinement in wounds.
Structural characterization of semi-heusler/light metal composites prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Kopeček Jaromír , Bartha Kristína , Mušálek Radek , Pala Zdeněk , Chráska Tomáš , Beran Přemysl , Ryukhtin Vasyl , Strunz Pavel , Nováková Jaroslava , Stráský Josef , Novák Pavel , Heczko Oleg , Landa Michal , Seiner Hanuš , Janeček Miloš
Published: July 2018

A composite of powders of semi-Heusler ferromagnetic shape memory and pure titanium was successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering at the temperature of 950 °C. Sintering resulted in the formation of small precipitates and intermetallic phases at the heterogeneous interfaces. Various complementary experimental methods were used to fully characterize the microstructure. Imaging methods including transmission and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a position and chemical composition of individual intermetallic phases and precipitates. The crystalline structure of the phases was examined by a joint refinement of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns. It was found that Co38Ni33Al29 decomposes into the B2-(Co,Ni)Al matrix and A1-(Co,Ni,Al) particles during sintering, while Al, Co and Ni diffuse into Ti forming an eutectic two phase structure with C9-Ti2(Co,Ni) precipitates. Complicated interface intermetallic structure containing C9-Ti2(Co,Ni), B2-(Co,Ni)Ti and L21-(Co,Ni)(Al,Ti) was completely revealed. In addition, C9-Ti2(Co,Ni) and A1-(Co,Ni,Al) precipitates were investigated by an advanced method of small angle neutron scattering. This study proves that powder metallurgy followed by spark plasma sintering is an appropriate technique to prepare bulk composites from very dissimilar materials.
Beyond the blocking model to fit nanoparticle ZFC/FC magnetisation curves
Authors: Livesey K. L. , Ruta S. , Anderson N. R. , Baldomir D. , Chantrell R. W. , Serantes D.
Published: July 2018

We consider the probability of a magnetic nanoparticle to flip its magnetisation near the blocking temperature, and use this to develop quasi-analytic expressions for the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetisation, which go beyond the usual critical energy barrier approach to the superparamagnetic transition. The particles in the assembly are assumed to have random alignment of easy axes, and to not interact. We consider all particles to be of the same size and then extend the theory to treat polydisperse systems of particles. In particular, we find that the mode blocking temperature is at a lower temperature than the peak in the zero-field-cooled magnetisation versus temperature curve, in agreement with experiment and previous rate-equation simulations, but in contrast to the assumption many researchers use to analyse experimental data. We show that the quasi-analytic expressions agree with Monte Carlo simulation results but have the advantage of being very quick to use to fit data. We also give an example of fitting experimental data and extracting the anisotropy energy density K.
Lung resident mesenchymal cells isolated from patients with the Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome display a deregulated epigenetic profile
Authors: Vella Serena , Conaldi Pier Giulio , Cova Emanuela , Meloni Federica , Liotta Rosa , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Martino Lavinia , Bertani Alessandro , Luca Angelo , Vitulo Patrizio
Published: July 2018

Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome is the major determinant of the graft function loss after lung transplantation, but its pathogenesis is still incompletely understood and currently available therapeutic strategies are poorly effective. A deeper understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for the development of new strategies to prevent and treat this devastating complication. In this study, we focused on the mesenchymal stromal cells, recently recognized as BOS key effectors, and our primary aim was to identify their epigenetic determinants, such as histone modifications and non-coding RNA regulation, which could contribute to their differentiation in myofibroblasts. Interestingly, we identified a deregulated expression of histone deacetylases and methyltransferases, and a microRNA-epigenetic regulatory network, which could represent novel targets for anti-fibrotic therapy. We validated our results in vitro, in a cell model of fibrogenesis, confirming the epigenetic involvement in this process and paving the way for a new application for epigenetic drugs.
Warming neutralizes host-specific competitive advantages between a native and invasive herbivore
Authors: Lin Zheng-Hong , Wu Chung-Huey , Ho Chuan-Kai
Published: July 2018

Although native-invasive species interactions have become a common mechanism shaping ecosystems, whether these interactions shift under warming remains unclear. To investigate how warming may affect native and invasive species separately and together (intraspecific and interspecific competition, respectively) and whether any warming impact is resource dependent, we examined the performance of two competing herbivores (nativePieris canidiaand invasiveP.rapae) on two common host plants under three temperature settings (control, 3 °C, and 6 °C warming using environmental chambers). The results revealed that warming benefited the development and growth of bothPierisunder intraspecific competition, but the benefits were host-plant dependent. Notably, the native or invasivePierisgained an advantage from interspecific competition (host-plant dependent), but warming neutralized the competitive advantages of eitherPierisspecies. These findings raise the possibility that warming-induced shifts in competitive status may become a crucial mechanism shaping ecosystems worldwide, because most ecosystems are challenged by species invasion and warming. Moreover, this study revealed a discrepancy in species thermal performance between intra- and interspecific competition. Therefore, to predict native-invasive species competition under warming, current thermal performance applications should use species performance curves derived from interspecific rather than intraspecific competition studies (although the latter is more readily available).
Higher visual responses in the temporal cortex of mice
Authors: Nishio Nana , Tsukano Hiroaki , Hishida Ryuichi , Abe Manabu , Nakai Junichi , Kawamura Meiko , Aiba Atsushi , Sakimura Kenji , Shibuki Katsuei
Published: July 2018

The visual cortex of mice is a useful model for investigating the mammalian visual system. In primates, higher visual areas are classified into two parts, the dorsal stream (“where” pathway) and ventral stream (“what” pathway). The ventral stream is known to include a part of the temporal cortex. In mice, however, some cortical areas adjacent to the primary visual area (V1) in the occipital cortex are thought to be comparable to the ventral stream in primates, although the whole picture of the mouse ventral stream has never been elucidated. We performed wide-field Ca2+ imaging in awake mice to investigate visual responses in the mouse temporal cortex, and found that the postrhinal cortex (POR), posterior to the auditory cortex (AC), and the ectorhinal and temporal association cortices (ECT), ventral to the AC, showed clear visual responses to moving visual objects. The retinotopic maps in the POR and ECT were not clearly observed, and the amplitudes of the visual responses in the POR and ECT were less sensitive to the size of the objects, compared to visual responses in the V1. In the ECT, objects of different sizes activated different subareas. These findings strongly suggest that the mouse ventral stream extends to the ECT ventral to the AC, and that it has characteristic response properties that are markedly different from the response properties in the V1.
Impact of the precursor chemistry and process conditions on the cell-to-cell variability in 1T-1R based HfO2 RRAM devices
Authors: Grossi Alessandro , Perez Eduardo , Zambelli Cristian , Olivo Piero , Miranda Enrique , Roelofs Robin , Woodruff Jacob , Raisanen Petri , Li Wei , Givens Michael , Costina Ioan , Schubert Markus Andreas , Wenger Christian
Published: July 2018

The Resistive RAM (RRAM) technology is currently in a level of maturity that calls for its integration into CMOS compatible memory arrays. This CMOS integration requires a perfect understanding of the cells performance and reliability in relation to the deposition processes used for their manufacturing. In this paper, the impact of the precursor chemistries and process conditions on the performance of HfO2 based memristive cells is studied. An extensive characterization of HfO2 based 1T1R cells, a comparison of the cell-to-cell variability, and reliability study is performed. The cells’ behaviors during forming, set, and reset operations are monitored in order to relate their features to conductive filament properties and process-induced variability of the switching parameters. The modeling of the high resistance state (HRS) is performed by applying the Quantum-Point Contact model to assess the link between the deposition condition and the precursor chemistry with the resulting physical cells characteristics.
Association between Open-Angle Glaucoma and the Risks of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases in South Korea: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Moon Jong Youn , Kim Hyung Jun , Park Yoon Hyung , Park Tae Kwann , Park Eun-Cheol , Kim Chan Yun , Lee Si Hyung
Published: July 2018

We aimed to investigate the risks of Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the 10 years following diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using a nationwide cohort. This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study included 1,025,340 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort database. The OAG group (n = 1,469) included patients who were initially diagnosed with OAG between 2004 and 2007, and the subjects in the comparison group were matched in a 1:5 ratio using propensity scores. Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the risks of developing AD or PD. The diagnosis of OAG was significantly associated with an increased incidence of AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.403, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.180–1.669, p < 0.001), but not PD (HR = 0.995, 95% CI 0.620–1.595, p = 0.983) after adjusting for possible confounding factors. In subgroup analyses, participants with OAG aged ≥65 years were more likely to develop AD compared with those aged <65 years, and female OAG patients had a greater risk of developing AD than males. Patients diagnosed with OAG have a higher risk of developing AD, but not PD, and the risk differed according to age and sex.
Soy protein supplementation is not androgenic or estrogenic in college-aged men when combined with resistance exercise training
Authors: Haun Cody T. , Mobley C. Brooks , Vann Christopher G. , Romero Matthew A. , Roberson Paul A. , Mumford Petey W. , Kephart Wesley C. , Healy James C. , Patel Romil K. , Osburn Shelby C. , Beck Darren T. , Arnold Robert D. , Nie Ben , Lockwood Christopher M. , Roberts Michael D.
Published: July 2018

It is currently unclear as to whether sex hormones are significantly affected by soy or whey protein consumption. Additionally, estrogenic signaling may be potentiated via soy protein supplementation due to the presence of phytoestrogenic isoflavones. Limited evidence suggests that whey protein supplementation may increase androgenic signalling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC), whey protein concentrate (WPC), or placebo (PLA) supplementation on serum sex hormones, androgen signaling markers in muscle tissue, and estrogen signaling markers in subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue of previously untrained, college-aged men (n = 47, 20 ± 1 yrs) that resistance trained for 12 weeks. Fasting serum total testosterone increased pre- to post-training, but more so in subjects consuming WPC (p < 0.05), whereas serum 17β-estradiol remained unaltered. SQ estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein expression and hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA increased with training regardless of supplementation. Muscle androgen receptor (AR) mRNA increased while ornithine decarboxylase mRNA (a gene target indicative of androgen signaling) decreased with training regardless of supplementation (p < 0.05). No significant interactions of supplement and time were observed for adipose tissue ERα/β protein levels, muscle tissue AR protein levels, or mRNAs in either tissue indicative of altered estrogenic or androgenic activity. Interestingly, WPC had the largest effect on increasing type II muscle fiber cross sectional area values (Cohen’s d = 1.30), whereas SPC had the largest effect on increasing this metric in type I fibers (Cohen’s d = 0.84). These data suggest that, while isoflavones were detected in SPC, chronic WPC or SPC supplementation did not appreciably affect biomarkers related to muscle androgenic signaling or SQ estrogenic signaling. The noted fiber type-specific responses to WPC and SPC supplementation warrant future research.
In situ control of graphene ripples and strain in the electron microscope
Authors: Ludacka U. , Monazam M. R. A. , Rentenberger C. , Friedrich M. , Stefanelli U. , Meyer J. C. , Kotakoski J.
Published: July 2018

We demonstrate control over the three-dimensional (3D) structure of suspended 2D materials in a transmission electron microscope. The shape of our graphene samples is measured from the diffraction patterns recorded at different sample tilts while applying tensile strain on the sample carrier. The changes in the shape of the pattern and in individual diffraction spots allow us to analyze both corrugations and strain in the lattice. Due to the significant effect of ripples and strain on the properties of 2D materials, our results may lead to new ways for their engineering for applications.
Determination of uric acid in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and study on pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pulmonary artery endothelium cells
Authors: Li Qiaozhi , Qiu Yanli , Han Weina , Zheng Yaqin , Wang Xiaoying , Xiao Dandan , Mao Min , Li Qian
Published: July 2018

Thymine firstly was used as an internal standard for uric acid.
Use of RhB and BSF as fluorescent tracers for determining pesticide spray distribution
Authors: Qin Wei-cai , Xue Xin-yu , Zhou Qing-qing , Cai Chen , Wang Bao-kun , Jin Yong-kui
Published: July 2018

Fluorescent tracers are frequently used in spray tests, but their stability under illumination and rate of elution and recovery from the deposition carrier are crucial to the accuracy of the test results.
Effective nerve cell modulation by electrical stimulation of carbon nanotube embedded conductive polymeric scaffolds
Authors: Zhou Zifei , Liu Xifeng , Wu Wei , Park Sungjo , Miller II A. Lee , Terzic Andre , Lu Lichun
Published: July 2018

Biomimetic biomaterials require good biocompatibility and bioactivity to serve as appropriate scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Effect of Brønsted acid sites on the direct conversion of methane into methanol over copper-exchanged mordenite
Authors: Sushkevich Vitaly L. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: July 2018

The direct conversion of methane into methanol was studied in a stepwise process over copper-exchanged mordenite.
Controllable synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials for solar energy conversion and environmental remediation: the road travelled and the way forward
Authors: Iqbal Waheed , Yang Bo , Zhao Xu , Rauf Muhammad , Waqas Muhammad , Gong Yan , Zhang Jinlong , Mao Yanping
Published: July 2018

This review discusses advances in the synthesis and design of g-C3N4-based nanomaterials and their various photocatalytic and photoredox applications.
Stabilizing intramolecular cobalt–imidazole coordination with a remote methyl group in the backbone of a cofactor B12–protein model
Authors: Sonnay Marjorie , Zelder Felix
Published: July 2018

This communication describes the stabilizing effect of a remote methyl group in the backbone of a cobalamin–protein mimic on intramolecular imidazole–cobalt coordination.
Role of cobalt–iron (oxy)hydroxide (CoFeOx) as oxygen evolution catalyst on hematite photoanodes
Authors: Zhang Jifang , García-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Cameron Petra , Eslava Salvador
Published: July 2018

Photocurrent density of a composite hematite photoanode is influenced by electrocatalyst charging and surface states distribution.
Sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera increases hydrogen sulfide production and attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet rats
Authors: Ren Rendong , Yang Zheng , Zhao Aili , Huang Yuyang , Lin Shiying , Gong Junjie , Chen Jie , Zhu Pingping , Huang Fang , Lin Wenting
Published: July 2018

EP upregulates hepatic CBS expression, thus increasing serum H2S level, which reduces serum TG level and ameliorates NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet.
A novel lithium-ion hybrid capacitor based on an aerogel-like MXene wrapped Fe2O3nanosphere anode and a 3D nitrogen sulphur dual-doped porous carbon cathode
Authors: Tang Xiao , Liu Hao , Guo Xin , Wang Shijian , Wu Wenjian , Mondal Anjon Kumar , Wang Chengyin , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2018

A novel lithium-ion hybrid capacitor was assembled based on an aerogel-like Ti3C2Tx@Fe2O3anode and a 3-D dual-doped porous carbon cathode.
Surface engineering of nickel selenide for an enhanced intrinsic overall water splitting ability
Authors: Liu Peng Fei , Zhang Le , Zheng Li Rong , Yang Hua Gui
Published: July 2018

Polyaniline could subtly modify the surface electronic structures of NiSe electrocatalysts, with an optimized selenium-enriched configuration for the HER and enhanced in situ generation of NiIII/IV for the OER.
Copper-catalyzed radical Heck type cyclization: a three-component reaction of DABCO·(SO2)2, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates and dienes toward sulfonated benzo- seven-membered nitrogen heterocycles
Authors: Wang Hepan , Wang Bingbing , Sun Song , Cheng Jiang
Published: July 2018

A three-component reaction of the sulfur dioxide surrogate of DABCO·(SO2)2, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates and dienes has been developed, affording a series of sulfonated nitrogen heterocycles.
Insight into the capacity fading of layered lithium-rich oxides and its suppression via a film-forming electrolyte additive
Authors: Li Jianhui , Xing Lidan , Wang Zaisheng , Tu Wenqiang , Yang Xuerui , Lin Yilong , Liao Yuqing , Xu Mengqing , Li Weishan
Published: July 2018

The capacity fading of layered lithium-rich oxide (Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2, LLO) cathodes greatly hinders their practical application in next generation lithium ion batteries.
Porous (PVDF-HFP/PANI/GO) ternary hybrid polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ahmad A. L. , Farooqui U. R. , Hamid N. A.
Published: July 2018

A poly(vinylidene co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/polyaniline (PANI/graphene oxide (GO) ternary PEM in lithium ion battery.
1,2,3-Triazole based bisphosphine, 5-(diphenylphosphanyl)-1-(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)-phenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole: an ambidentate ligand with switchable coordination modes
Authors: Radhakrishna Latchupatula , Pandey Madhusudan K. , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: July 2018

This paper describes the synthesis of a triazole based bisphosphine and its transition metal chemistry and catalytic utility in Cu-free Sonogashira alkynylation/cyclization reaction.
Ni or Ru supported on MgO/γ-Al2O3 pellets for the catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol
Authors: Apuzzo J. , Cimino S. , Lisi L.
Published: July 2018

Ni- and Ru-based catalytic pellets supported on commercial γ-Al2O3 pellets modified with magnesium oxide have been prepared for application in the catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol.
Hot pressing-induced alignment of hexagonal boron nitride in SEBS elastomer for superior thermally conductive composites
Authors: Yu Cuiping , Gong Wenbin , Zhang Jun , Lv Weibang , Tian Wei , Fan Xiaodong , Yao Yagang
Published: July 2018

Orientational hBN/SEBS composite films embued with superior thermal conductivity and improved dimensional stability were prepared by hot-pressing treatment.
Nucleic acid probe based on DNA-templated silver nanoclusters for turn-on fluorescence detection of tumor suppressor gene p53
Authors: Han Dan , Wei Chunying
Published: July 2018

“Turn-on” fluorescence detection for p53 gene based on target-triggered opening of hairpin DNA probe and synthesis of DNA-Ag NCs.
Localized incorporation of cesium ions to improve formamidinium lead iodide layers in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xue Yebin , Tian Jiaqi , Wang Haiyue , Xie Honggang , Zhu Shanshan , Zheng Bo , Gao Chunxiao , Liu Xizhe
Published: July 2018

An interfacial doping method leads to a localized profile of dopants at interfaces, which results in improved photovoltaic performance.
Performance bounds and perspective for hybrid solar photovoltaic/thermal electricity-generation strategies
Authors: Vossier A. , Zeitouny J. , Katz E. A. , Dollet A. , Flamant G. , Gordon J. M.
Published: July 2018

Hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/thermal power systems offer the possibility of dispatchable, affordable and efficient solar electricity production – the type of transformative innovation needed for solar cell devices to realize high grid penetration.
MOF-derived synthesis of mesoporous In/Ga oxides and their ultra-sensitive ethanol-sensing properties
Authors: Cui Y. F. , Jiang W. , Liang S. , Zhu L. F. , Yao Y. W.
Published: July 2018

A series of mesoporous indium gallium oxide (IGOs) powders with hexagonal morphology were prepared by calcining MOF (In/Ga) precursors.
Anchoring ultrafine Pt nanoparticles on the 3D hierarchical self-assembly of graphene/functionalized carbon black as a highly efficient oxygen reduction catalyst for PEMFCs
Authors: Tang Xuejun , Zeng Yachao , Cao Longsheng , Yang Limeng , Wang Zhiqiang , Fang Dahui , Gao Yanyan , Shao Zhigang , Yi Baolian
Published: July 2018

Ultrafine Pt nanoparticles decorated 3D graphene-based hierarchical architecture demonstrates superior electrochemical performance in fuel cell.
Ultrafine cable-like WC/W2C heterojunction nanowires covered by graphitic carbon towards highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Lu-Nan , Ma Yuan-Yuan , Lang Zhong-Ling , Wang Yong-Hui , Khan Shifa Ullah , Yan Gang , Tan Hua-Qiao , Zang Hong-Ying , Li Yang-guang
Published: July 2018

A carbon-coated ultrafine cable-like WC/W2C heterojunction nanowire electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable HER performance in a wide pH range.
One-step coaxial electrodeposition of Co0.85Se on CoNi2S4 nanotube arrays for flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Hou Mingzhen , Cai Xiaoyi , Lin Jianjian , Liu Xiang , Wang Ruirui , Zhou Lijun , Gao Jingchang , Li Baosheng , Lai Linfei
Published: July 2018

Co0.85Se has been coaxially deposited on CoNi2S4 nanoarrays by an electrochemical method with its application as flexible asymmetric supercapacitor devices demonstrated.
A eutectic salt-assisted semi-closed pyrolysis route to fabricate high-density active-site hierarchically porous Fe/N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Li Jia , Chen Siguo , Li Wei , Wu Rui , Ibraheem Shumaila , Li Jing , Ding Wei , Li Li , Wei Zidong
Published: July 2018

A general “eutectic salt-assisted semi-closed pyrolysis approach” is presented for the fabrication of a high-density active-site hierarchically porous Fe/N/C catalyst.
Boosting sodium ion storage by anchoring MoO2 on vertical graphene arrays
Authors: Xia Xinhui , Deng Shengjue , Xie Dong , Wang Yadong , Feng Shangshen , Wu Jianbo , Tu Jiangping
Published: July 2018

Integrated VG/MoO2 core/shell arrays prepared by a powerful plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition–electrodeposition method are demonstrated to have superior sodium ion storage performance, high capacities and good cycling life.
Biomimetic graphene for enhanced interaction with the external membrane of astrocytes
Authors: Durso M. , Borrachero-Conejo A. I. , Bettini C. , Treossi E. , Scidà A. , Saracino E. , Gazzano M. , Christian M. , Morandi V. , Tuci G. , Giambastiani G. , Ottaviano L. , Perrozzi F. , Benfenati V. , Melucci M. , Palermo V.
Published: July 2018

Phospholipids modified graphene oxide (GO–PL) shows enhanced compatibility with primary rat cortical astrocytes with respect to standard adhesion agents and non-functionalized GO.
All-electrochemical voltage-control of magnetization in metal oxide/metal nanoislands
Authors: Duschek Kenny , Petr Andreas , Zehner Jonas , Nielsch Kornelius , Leistner Karin
Published: July 2018

Electrochemistry-mediated voltage control of magnetization close to ON/OFF switching is realized in electrodeposited oxide/metal nanoislands.
Proximity effect modelling for cables of finite length using the hybrid partial element equivalent circuit and artificial neural network method
Authors: Chen Hongcai , Du Yaping
Published: July 2018

This study presents an efficient method for modelling the proximity effect in complex conductor systems. This method is based on a discretisation partial element equivalent circuit (DPEEC) scheme in combination with artificial neural network (ANN). Circuit parameters of a conductor system are obtained with DPEEC at low frequency. ANN trained with the low‐frequency parameters is employed to predict proximity effect at high frequencies. The proposed method significantly improves the calculation efficiency in both time and memory consuming. The method is validated by comparing with the result obtained by MoM‐SO. Case studies of closely‐spaced cables with different configurations are analysed. It is applied to evaluate the lightning current in typical cable installations. The comparison among different configurations reveals that the proximity effect leads to uneven current distribution in cables. Cable modelling without considering the proximity effect could lead to significant errors in transient current analysis.
Hinweise für Patienten mit Reizdarmsymptomen
Authors: Eisenmann-Tappe Iris
Published: July 2018

Die folgenden Hinweise sollen Patienten mit Reizdarmsymptomen Linderung bringen und ihnen helfen, sich nicht entmutigen zu lassen
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen
Published: July 2018

Immunschwäche, Infektion, Vitaminmangel? Effloreszenzen der Zunge können verschiedene Ursachen haben
Rheumatoide Arthritis
Authors: Schmid HP Eva C.
Published: July 2018

Die rheumatoide Arthritis (chronische Polyarthritis) ist die häufigste chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung der Gelenke. Etwa 800 000 Menschen sind in Deutschland davon betroffen. Frauen erkranken wesentlich häufiger und meist früher daran als Männer.
Zurück aus der Vergessenheit
Authors: Johannes Gottfried Mayer , Niedenthal Tobias
Published: July 2018

Andorn: Die große Heilpflanze der Klostermedizin ist Arzneipflanze 2018 und rückt so wieder mehr ins Bewusstsein.
Humoralpathologie: Grundlage für Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Eisenmann-Tappe Iris
Published: July 2018

Die Klöster Europas sammelten und bewahrten Wissen von der Antike bis ins Mittelalter und prägten so entscheidend das Verständnis von Gesundheit, Prävention und Therapie. Die antike Säfte- und Temperamentenlehre ging ebenso in die mittelalterliche Medizin ein wie das Gegensatz- und Ähnlichkeitsprinzip, jeweils mit den Säulen Prävention und Pflanzenheilkunde. Hippokrates, Galen und Anthimus zählten zu den Wegbereitern der europäischen Heilkunde, wichtige Impulse gaben auch die arabischen Ärzte Avicenna und Ibn Butlan.
Die Plage der Melancholiker
Authors: Eisenmann-Tappe Iris
Published: July 2018

Das Reizdarmsyndrom betrifft fast jeden Fünften, insbesondere den Typus des Melancholikers, und zeigt sich mit Durchfall, Verstopfung, Blähungen und Bauchschmerzen. Eine veränderte Darmsteuerung und -wahrnehmung sowie Störungen des Mikrobioms sind häufig beteiligt, wobei Nahrungsmittelintoleranzen und andere Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen auszuschließen sind. Gerb- und Quellstoffdrogen wie Eichenrinde oder Flohsamen können gemeinsam mit anderen traditionellen Maßnahmen besonders beim Durchfalltyp deutliche Verbesserungen bringen
Tradition trifft aktuelles Wissen – Heilmittel für die Haut
Authors: Johannes Gottfried Mayer , Heike Will
Published: July 2018

In der Antike und im Mittelalter betrachtete man die Haut als Ausscheidungsorgan. Heute weiß man auch um ihre Barrierefunktion. Die Wirkung von bewährten Rezepturen und Anwendungen der Klostermedizin lässt sich auch auf Basis der pflanzlichen Inhaltsstoffe belegen. Bei häufigen Erkrankungen wie dem atopischen Ekzem oder Psoriasis können Heilpflanzen wie Kamille und Beinwell Linderung schaffen.
Common Indications and The Diagnostic Yield of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Children with Gastrointestinal Distress
Authors: Aydin Malik , Niggeschmidt Judith , Ballauff Antje , Wirth Stefan , Hensel Kai
Published: July 2018

Background The number of inconspicuous results of esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) in childhood appears to be disturbingly high. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic yield of EGD and to determine its relevance of specific clinical indications.

Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 380 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent diagnostic EGD in two German level I pediatric gastroenterology departments in 2015 and 2016.

Results 44% of the 380 patients were male and 17% were younger than 5 years old. 55% of all EGDs (n=210) did not yield a pathological result. 27% (n=104) of all EGDs were performed due to nonspecific symptoms (epigastralgia, nausea). Strikingly, in this group, 88% (n=91) showed normal results and in only 12% a diagnosis was made: reflux esophagitis (n=5), Helicobacter pylori (HP) gastritis (n=6) or hemorrhagic gastritis (n=1). Fewer inconspicuous EGDs were performed in patients with dysphagia (68%) or heartburn and reflux (61%). 59 patients were examined due to serologically elevated celiac antibodies. Here, the diagnosis could be confirmed histopathologically in 78% (n=46). Of the 37 patients with abdominal pain and a previously positive non-invasive HP test, EGD served to establish the diagnosis of HP gastritis in 84%.

Conclusions The diagnostic yield for EGDs is increased in patients with more specific symptoms (i. e. dysphagia, heartburn, HP, celiac disease). Consequently, as an invasive procedure, EGD warrants a strict indication.
Chirurgische Meilensteine in der Vergangenheit
Authors: Haverich Axel
Published: July 2018

Was treibt chirurgische Innovation an und welche Rolle spielen dabei kraftvolle akademische Persönlichkeiten? Dieser Beitrag stellt die Frage, ob individuelle
chirurgische Innovatoren gemeinsame ermöglichende Faktoren teilen und überprüft diese Prämisse anhand 15 bedeutender chirurgischer Innovationen der
Nachkriegszeit sowie der Laufbahn von 14 prominenten Chirurgen aus dem Zeitraum von 1850–1933.
Semaglutid – ein neuer langwirksamer GLP-1-Rezeptor-Agonist mit nachgewiesener kardiovaskulärer Ereignisreduktion bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Seufert Jochen , Nauck Michael A. , Gallwitz Baptist
Published: July 2018

Zur Therapie von Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes wurde mit Semaglutid ein neuer, lang wirksamer Glucagon-like-peptide1-Rezeptor-Agonist (GLP-1-RA) für die einmal wöchentliche Gabe entwickelt. Das weltweite Phase-3-Studienprogramm umfasste mehr als 7000 Patienten, die in eine der randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien SUSTAIN 1 bis 6 eingeschlossen wurden. In SUSTAIN 1 bis 5 zeigten sich nach 30 bzw. 56 Wochen mittlere HbA1c-Reduktionen zwischen 1,2 und 1,45 % (Semaglutid 0,5 mg) bzw. 1,5 und 1,8 % (Semaglutid 1,0 mg) mit signifikanten Vorteilen gegenüber Placebo, Sitagliptin 1 × täglich 100 mg, Exenatid-Depot-Injektionssuspension (nur 1,0 mg Semaglutid untersucht) und Insulin glargin 100 E/ml (Startdosis 10 E 1 × täglich). Das Körpergewicht verringerte sich unter Semaglutid im Mittel um 3,5 bis 4,3 kg (0,5 mg) und 4,5 bis 6,4 kg (1,0 mg). Die kardiovaskuläre Outcome-Studie SUSTAIN 6 ergab nach 2-jähriger Behandlung mit Semaglutid 0,5 mg oder 1,0 mg im Vergleich zu Placebo – jeweils im Rahmen des „Standard of Care“ – eine relative Risikoreduktion hinsichtlich des primären kombinierten kardiovaskulären Endpunkts um 26 % von absolut 8,9 % auf 6,6 % (p = 0,02 für die Überlegenheit). Außerdem zeigten sich unter Semaglutid im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe weniger Nephropathie-Ereignisse (3,8 % vs. 6,1 %; p = 0,005), aber mehr Retinopathie-Komplikationen (3,0 % vs. 1,8 %; p = 0,02), um 0,66 %-Punkte (0,5 mg) und 1,05 %-Punkte (1,0 mg) stärkere HbA1c-Reduktionen nach 104 Wochen (jeweils p < 0,0001) und um 2,9 kg (0,5 mg) und 4,4 kg (1,0 mg) stärkere Gewichtsreduktionen (jeweils p < 0,0001). Wie bei anderen GLP-1-RA finden sich unter Semaglutid Reduktionen des systolischen Blutdrucks, Anstiege der Herzfrequenz, vermehrt gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen und ein in Anbetracht der deutlichen HbA1c-Reduktion relativ geringes Hypoglykämierisiko. Zusammenfassend liegen die Stärken von Semaglutid in einer ausgeprägt effektiven HbA1c-Reduktion, der deutlichen Gewichtsreduktion und vorteilhaften kardiovaskulären Endpunktdaten.
Herzinsuffizienz und Diabetes
Authors: Rau Matthias , Lehrke Michael
Published: July 2018

Epidemiologische und klinische Daten weisen auf eine hohe Prävalenz und Inzidenz einer Herzinsuffizienz bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus hin, was mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert ist.

Die vorliegende Übersicht fasst die therapeutischen Strategien zur Behandlung einer Herzinsuffizienz bei Patienten mit Diabetes zusammen. Des Weiteren wird die Behandlung des Diabetes bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen klinischen Studien diskutiert.
Typ-2-Diabetes – Kriterien für die Wahl des Antidiabetikums
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist
Published: July 2018

Die moderne Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes verfolgt einen patientenzentrierten Ansatz. Die Festlegung des HbA1c-Zielwerts erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Situation der Betroffenen wie Alter, Krankheitsdauer und Komorbiditäten. Dem Behandler stehen in der stufenweisen Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes mittlerweile mehrere Optionen mit unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen zur Verfügung, die gemäß der nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie nach Lebensstilintervention und Metformin-Basistherapie zum Einsatz kommen können. Studienergebnisse zeigen Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Substanzklassen hinsichtlich antihyperglykämischer Wirksamkeit, Hypoglykämierisiko und Effekt auf das Körpergewicht. Auch die Wirkung auf kardiovaskuläre Parameter tritt zunehmend in den Fokus der Arzneimittelwahl. Diese Abwägung von Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit spiegelt sich in der immer gebräuchlicheren Darstellung des kombinierten Endpunktes „Erreichen des Ziel-HbA1c ohne Hypoglykämien und ohne Gewichtszunahme“ in Studien wider. Eine leitliniengerechte, evidenzbasierte Einordnung der zur Verfügung stehenden Therapieoptionen soll der Orientierung im Praxisalltag dienen.
Transorale videoendoskopische Resektion von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren in 4-Hand-Technik
Authors: Engel Stephan , Taxeidis Margaritis , Reichel Oliver
Published: July 2018

Einleitung Videoendoskopische Operationsverfahren in 4-Hand-Technik sind bereits in der Visceralchirurgie bei laparoskopischen Eingriffen sowie bei der
Hypophysenchirurgie etabliert. Auch in der Tumorchirurgie im Kopf-Hals-Bereich gewinnt die transorale videoendoskopische Resektion von Tumoren in 4-Hand-Technik
(TOVR) zunehmend an Bedeutung.

Material und Methoden Seit März 2013 wurden erfolgreich 28 transorale videoendoskopische Tumorresektionen von Oropharynx (n = 5) –, Hypopharynx (n = 12) –
und Larynxkarzinomen (n = 11) in 4-Hand-Technik durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse In allen 28 Fällen wurde transoral eine R0-Resektion ohne Erweiterung des Eingriffs durch einen Zugang von transcervikal erreicht. Auch bei
Patienten mit schlechter Beweglichkeit im HWS-Bereich (n = 9) gelang durch den Einsatz von Winkeloptiken über ein Kleinsasser- oder Weerda-Rohr per TOVR eine
transorale R0-Tumorresektion.

Schlußfolgerungen Die TOVR ist ein effektives, preisgünstiges und minimalinvasives Operationsverfahren bei Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich mit zahlreichen
Vorteilen im Vergleich zur CO2-Laserresektion und stellt eine echte Alternative zu den herkömmlichen Resektionsverfahren dar.
Recent Advances in Total Synthesis via Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Sarabia Francisco , Cheng-Sánchez Iván
Published: July 2018

The metathesis reactions, in their various versions, have become a powerful and extremely valuable tool for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. The plethora of available catalysts to perform these reactions, combined with the various transformations that can be accomplished, have positioned the metathesis processes as one of the most important reactions of this century. In this review, we highlight the most relevant synthetic contributions published between 2012 and early 2018 in the field of total synthesis, reflecting the state of the art of this chemistry and demonstrating the significant synthetic potential of these methodologies.

1 Introduction

2 Alkene Metathesis in Total Synthesis

2.1 Total Synthesis Based on a Ring-Closing-Metathesis Reaction

2.2 Total Synthesis Based on a Cross-Metathesis Reaction

2.3 Strategies for Selective and Efficient Metathesis Reactions of Alkenes

2.3.1 Temporary Tethered Ring-Closing Metathesis

2.3.2 Relay Ring-Closing Metathesis

2.3.3 Stereoselective Alkene Metathesis

2.3.4 Alkene Metathesis in Tandem Reactions

3 Enyne Metathesis in Total Synthesis

3.1 Total Syntheses Based on a Ring-Closing Enyne-Metathesis Reaction

3.2 Total Syntheses Based on an Enyne Cross-Metathesis Reaction

3.3 Enyne Metathesis in Tandem Reactions

4 Alkyne Metathesis in Total Synthesis

4.1 Total Synthesis Based on a Ring-Closing Alkyne-Metathesis Reaction

4.2 Other Types of Alkyne-Metathesis Reactions

5 Conclusions
High Resolution Electrophoretic Analysis of Human Fibrinogen and Its Crosslinked Intermediates
Authors: Carrell N A , Holahan J R , White G C , McDonagh J
Published: July 2018

Heterogeneity in human fibrinogen was examined using an improved two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic procedure. Four different preparations of fibrinogen were compared: single donor fibrinogen prepared from plasma by precipitation with ammonium sulfate or by affinity chromatography on fibrin-monomer Sepharose, fraction I—4 prepared from Cohn fraction I paste, and Kabi grade L. The subunit Aα, Bβ, and γ chains in all preparations had marked charge heterogeneity. The three chains were clearly separated from each other and a range of isoelectric points for each chain could be assigned. Minor variations in the subunit heterogeneity of the different preparations were found. Intermediates in the transition from fibrinogen to crosslinked fibrin were also examined. A striking increase in the heterogeneity of the α chain was observed during crosslinking.
Failure of Salicylate to Reduce Inhibition of Human Venous Prostacyclin in Synthesis by Conventional Dose Aspirin
Authors: Hanley S P , Hughes J
Published: July 2018

Ex vivo venous prostacyclin synthesis was measured in 24 patients who received no medication, or a single oral dose of aspirin 300 mg, sodium salicylate, 500 mg, or a combination of sodium salicylate 500 mg followed by aspirin 300 mg 1 1/2 or 3 hr later. Aspirin alone substantially reduced PGI2 synthesis but sodium salicylate alone had no effect. Sodium salicylate administration prior to aspirin did not reverse the inhibitory effect of aspirin on PGI2 synthesis.
Prostacyclin Synthesis Is Stimulated by a Serum Factor Formed During Coagulation
Authors: Ritter J M , Ongari M-A , Orchard M A , Lewis P J
Published: July 2018

Fresh aortic rings incubated in serum produce more 6-oxo-PGF1α, the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, than in plasma or buffer. A method is described of recovering this stimulatory activity from a dialysate of serum, showing that the activity is due to a prostacyclin stimulating factor. This factor is formed during coagulation initiated by the intrinsic pathway but not by the extrinsic pathway or by thrombin. By contrast with a previously described plasma factor, the activity of the prostacy-clinstimulating factor in serum is not greater in serum from patients with renal failure than from healthy controls. The stimulating factor is antagonised by heparin, but differs in other ways from previously described platelet derived stimulating factor(s).
Platelets Stimulate Thromboplastin Synthesis in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Johnsen U L H , Lyberg T , Galdal K S , Prydz H
Published: July 2018

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture synthesize thromboplastin upon stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or the tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The thromboplastin activity is further strongly enhanced in a time dependent reaction by the presence of gel-filtered platelets or platelet aggregates. This effect was demonstrable at platelet concentrations lower than those normally found in plasma, it may thus be of pathophysiological relevance. The thromboplastin activity increased with increasing number of platelets added. Cycloheximide inhibited the increase, suggesting that de novo synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin, apoprotein III, is necessary.

When care was taken to remove monocytes no thromboplastin activity and no apoprotein HI antigen could be demonstrated in suspensions of gel-filtered platelets, platelets aggregated with thrombin or homogenized platelets when studied with a coagulation assay and an antibody neutralization technique.
The Half Life of Factor XIII in the Management of Inherited Deficiency
Authors: Fear J D , Miloszewski K J A , Losowsky M S
Published: July 2018

Following the injection of a large dose of factor XIII concentrate the in vivo half life of factor XIII was estimated in a patient with inherited deficiency. Factor XIII activity and enzyme concentration were measured quantitatively, and a qualitative assessment of the crosslinking of fibrin was also made for upto 6 weeks after the injection. The half life was found to be about 9-10 days. This is longer than most previous reports suggest. An explanation for this finding is offered. The relevance of the long half life of factor XIII to the prophylactic treatment of patients with inherited deficiency is demonstrated.