bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the ankle position sense in the fatigue foot
Authors: Yoshikawa Masahiro , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Sawa Mikiya , Tsuyuguchi Yusuke , Kanemitsu Munekazu , Ota Yuki , Adachi Nobuo
Published: September 2018

Category:

Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

Previous studies have described the damage of sensori-motor control in ankle sprain as being a possible cause of functional instability. The methods to demonstrate the functional instability, have included the postural balance test, peroneal muscle reaction time to sudden ankle inversion, peroneal nerve conduction velocity, and joint position sense of the ankle. On the other hand, isokinetic fatigue of ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion exhibits the correlation with postural instability. We hypothesize muscle fatigue around ankle joint causes abnormality of joint position sense, especially inversion at ankle joint, and it will be one of the causes of the ankle sprain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inversion angle replication errors of before fatigue and after fatigue.

Methods:

11 subjects were included in this study. The subjects were placed in a sitting position with the knee flexed at 70°. Each subject placed the foot on a goniometer footplate with the ankle at 20° planter flexion. Subjects were blindfolded to eliminate visual input and to facilitate concentration during testing. The foot was passively rotated internally at random to one of six positions (5°to 30°), always starting from 0°. The footplate was rotated manually to the index angle in approximately 1 s, and held in position for 5 s. Then the ankle was returned to the 0° position. After that, the subjects moved their ankle to match the previous test angle actively. The difference between the index angle and replication angle was measured. Ankles were enforced planter and dorsiflexion according to previous reports, and replication error was measured before and after fatigue.

Results:

The side-to-side difference of the replication errors was 1.9±1.7° in the before-fatigue group and 2.6±1.8° in the after-fatigue group. There was a statistically significant difference between both the groups (p<0.05). In each inversion angle, there were significant differences of the side-to-side differences of the replication errors at 5°and 10°inversion angles (0.8±0.9°, 1.5±1.4° in the before-fatigue group and 2.2±1.7°, 2.6±1.5° in the after-fatigue group respectively).

Conclusion:

This study revealed the deficit of joint position sense in ankle inversion induced by fatigue. Fatigue may be one of the risk factor of ankle sprain through the deficit of joint position sense in inversion angle during sports activity.
Effect of subchondral bone sclerosis in repair tissue after bone marrow stimulation for osteochondral talar lesions
Authors: Yoshimura Ichiro , Hagio Tomonobu , Kanazawa Kazuki , Suzuki Masahiro , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: September 2018

Category:

Arthroscopy

Introduction/Purpose:

The arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (ABMS) technique is the first-line procedure for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). Recently, T2 mapping was used to evaluate repair cartilage tissue, but the prognostic factors for T2 values after ABMS have never been clarified. Some patients have OLT with sclerotic changes in the subchondral bone, and several articles have suggested that the subchondral bone condition affects the condition of the articular cartilage. Furthermore, subchondral bone sclerosis (SBC) was found to be associated with an inferior outcome after ABMS.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between subchondral bone sclerotic changes and repair tissue T2 values on MRI after ABMS.

Methods:

Twenty ankles in 20 patients treated with ABMS for OLT were evaluated. The patients included 7 males and 13 females (age, 30.52±21.44 years, lesion length 10.4±3.0mm, lesion area 55.7±26.5mm2). Repair tissue was assessed using a 3T MRI unit, and T2 maps were calculated at the one-year post-ABMS follow up. The patients were divided into two groups; with SBC and without SBC on pre-ABMS CT images. We investigated the relationship between T2 values and SBC. Clinical results were measured using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale.

Results:

No significant mean differences were found in T2 values or JSSF scores between the with SBC and without SBC groups post-ABMS (T2 values; 48.2±3.3ms vs. 50.1±2.9ms, P=0.7 / JSSF scale score; 89.4±5.8 points vs. 93.3±8.2 points, P=0.25). Lesion length was correlated with the T2 values of repair tissue (Length; r=0.3 P=0.01). Age and BMI were not significantly correlated with T2 values of the repair tissue.

Conclusion:

The presence of SBC prior to ABMS did not affect the T2 values of repair tissue after ABMS. However, we believe that lesion size affected the condition of the repair tissue.
Treatment of late-stage Freiberg disease using a double stemmed flexible silicone prosthesis
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhu , Yu Guang-rong
Published: September 2018

Category:

Lesser Toes

Introduction/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes using a double stemmed flexible silicone prosthesis for the treatment of Freiberg disease in its late stages.

Methods:

The subjects consisted of 13 feet from 13 cases suffering from Freiberg disease in their late stages. They underwent double stemmed flexible silicone prosthesis replacement for metatarsophalangeal joints. The average age was 63.8 (range 30~88) years. The average follow up period was 26 (range 18–42) months. The investigation was carried out using the range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), AOFAS and Maryland metatarsophalangeal joints scale before surgery and at the latest follow-up.

Results:

The average ROM of dorsal flexion improved from 39.3±6.1° before surgery to 75.4±8.6° at latest follow-up (p<0.001). The average ROM of plantar flexion improved from 19.0±11.4° before surgery to 20.2±9.3° at latest follow-up (p=0.14). The average VAS significantly improved from 8.1±0.5 before surgery to 2.6±0.2 at latest follow-up (p<0.001). The average Maryland metatarsophalangeal joints score significantly improved from 65.3±9.3 points before surgery to 90.3±4.1 points at the latest follow-up (p<0.001). The average AOFAS was 89.4±8.5 after surgery compared 56.3±6.4 preoperatively (p<0.005).

Conclusion:

A flexible silicone prosthesis replacement was carried out to treat Freiberg disease in its late stages. The function was observed in all cases with improved clinical results. The silicone prosthesis was considered to be useful in certain cases.
Acute Retinal Necrosis Multicenter Case Series: Prognostic Indicators and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Dorman Andrew , Donaldson Mark
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to report the prognostic associations of acute retinal necrosis (ARN), determine the diagnostic utility of aqueous vs vitreous polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and describe outcomes of antiviral, corticosteroid, antithrombotic, and laser retinopexy treatment.

Methods:

A retrospective, nonrandomized case series was conducted. Primary outcomes included final visual acuity (VA), severe VA loss (≥1.00 log of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] [Snellen equivalent, <20/200]), and retinal detachment (RD).

Results:

Fifty eyes of 46 patients were diagnosed with ARN. Varicella-zoster and herpes simplex viruses were the viral etiology in 29 and 16 eyes, respectively. Five were diagnosed on clinical criteria. Intravenous acyclovir was administered in 90% of eyes. Neither induction therapy for ≥13 days ( P = .692) nor intravitreal medication ( P = .203) decreased the incidence of severe vision loss. Maintenance antiviral medication was administered in 96% of eyes (50% received >13 weeks). At final follow-up, 40% of eyes had severe vision loss (range, –0.08 to +3.0 logMAR [Snellen, 20/17-no perception of light]). Forty-six percent developed RD. Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), zone and extent of retinitis, and RD were prognostic of final VA. Antithrombotic therapy was administered in 25/50 eyes and was associated with lower incidence of severe VA loss ( P = .027) and better final VA ( P = .040). Laser retinopexy was performed in 40% of eyes with no significant effect on RD incidence ( P = .901) or severe VA loss ( P = .451).

Conclusions:

ARN has a high incidence of RD and poor visual outcomes. Aqueous humor PCR is the first-line diagnostic investigation. Prognostic indicators include RD, RAPD, zone, and extent of retinitis. Induction antiviral medication is appropriate for at least 12 days. Antithrombotic medication is associated with improved outcomes. Laser retinopexy does not reduce the incidence of RD.
Experiences Among African American Community Members With Pharmacy-Based Immunization Services in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Pattin Anthony J. , Sherman Ledric
Published: September 2018

Background: Although vaccination rates improved modestly in the United States during the 2014-2015 season, racial and ethnic disparities in the use of vaccines persist. Pharmacy-based immunization programs expand access to immunization services; however, African Americans in one metropolitan community did not have the same level of access to this service as non-Hispanic whites. Objective: To examine the experiences of African Americans with pharmacy-based services and identify how pharmacies and pharmacy organizations can better service patients in urban communities with similar dynamics. Methods: This qualitative study utilized focus group discussions among African American residents in Detroit, Michigan, where there are reported disparities in access to pharmacists that immunize to learn more about their experiences with pharmacy-based immunization services. Results: Three major themes emerged: the pharmacy location is often more convenient and accessible than doctors’ offices, there is clear communication with the pharmacist, and perceived lower immunization fees at pharmacies. Participants found pharmacies easier to access in their community for immunization services. Consistent interaction with familiar pharmacists and pharmacy staff members facilitated strong relationships and dialogue between pharmacists and patients. Patients perceived costs for vaccines to be less at the pharmacy than at their physicians’ offices. Conclusions: Participants reported positive experiences with pharmacy-based immunization services and expansion of these services may influence more African Americans to receive recommended vaccines in this community.
Music Educators’ Understanding and Opinions of U.S. Copyright Law
Authors: Egger John Okley , Springer D. Gregory
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine music educators’ understanding and opinions of U.S. copyright law. In-service music educators ( N = 50) completed a web-based questionnaire designed to assess their attitudes toward, knowledge of, and preparation/training for understanding copyright law. Respondents reported generally favorable attitudes toward copyright law. Results also indicated that respondents had a limited understanding of certain aspects of copyright law. These in-service music teachers reported that their undergraduate preparation did not prepare them well to understand copyright law, and the majority (64%) indicated completing zero undergraduate courses that included copyright law as a content area and few professional development sessions focused on understanding copyright law. Analysis of respondents’ answers to a free-response question indicated the following themes: (a) rationalizing unethical/illegal behaviors, (b) criticizing the status quo, and (c) expressing a desire for more information about copyright.
Engineered FVIII-expressing cytotoxic T cells target and kill FVIII-specific B cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Parvathaneni Kalpana , Scott David W.
Published: September 2018

Hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the factor VIII (FVIII) gene (F8). Treatment with recombinant or plasma-derived FVIII replacement therapy is standard therapy. A major problem in treating hemophilia A patients with therapeutic FVIII is that 20% to 30% of these patients produce neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies (inhibitors) because they are not immunologically tolerant to this human protein. Hence, there is a need to establish tolerogenic protocols to FVIII epitopes. To specifically target FVIII-specific B cells, we engineered immunodominant FVIII domains (A2 and C2) as a chimeric antigen receptor expressed by both human and murine cytotoxic T cells. This FVIII domain engineered B-cell antibody receptor (BAR) that expresses T cells was capable of killing FVIII-reactive B-cell hybridomas in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, FVIII BAR CD8 T cells blocked the development of specific antibody from unimmunized spleen cells stimulated polyclonally with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. In addition, adoptive transfer of FVIII A2- and C2-BAR CD8 T cells significantly reduced the anti-FVIII antibody formation in hemophilic mice. These data suggest that BAR-engineered T cells are a promising approach for future prophylactic treatment for patients with severe hemophilia A who are at high risk of developing inhibitors.
Correction to: A comparative genomic analysis of putative pathogenicity genes in the host-specific sibling species Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum sublineola
Authors: Buiate E. A. S. , Xavier K. V. , Moore N. , Torres M. F. , Farman M. L. , Schardl C. L. , Vaillancourt L. J.
Published: September 2018

Following the publication of this article [1], the authors informed us of the following error.
Physiological electric field works via the VEGF receptor to stimulate neovessel formation of vascular endothelial cells in a 3D environment
Authors: Chen Yihong , Ye Liyan , Guan Linbo , Fan Ping , Liu Rui , Liu Hao , Chen Jinxin , Zhu Yue , Wei Xing , Liu Yu , Bai Huai
Published: September 2018

Electrical stimulation induces significant neovessel formation in vivo. We have shown that electrical stimulation of endothelial cells functions as an important contributor to angiogenesis in monolayer culture. Because angiogenesis occurs in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, in this study we investigated the effects of a direct current (DC) electrical field (EF) on endothelial neovessel formation in 3D culture. There was a significant increase in tube formation when endothelial cells were stimulated with EF for 4 h. The lengths of the tube-like structures were augmented further by the continued EF exposure. The lengths of the tubes also increased dose-dependently in the EF-treated cultures in the field strengths of 50 mV/mm∼200 mV/mm for 6 h. Electrical fields of small physiological magnitude enhanced VEGF expression by endothelial cells in 3D culture. EF treatment also resulted in activation of VEGFR2, Akt, extracellular regulated kinase 1,2 (Erk1/2), as well as the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU1498 that blocks VEGFR2 activity exhibited a potent inhibition of tube growth, and the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl, the Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the JNK inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced EF-stimulated tubulogenesis. These results suggest the importance of the VEGFR2 signaling pathway during EF-induced angiogenesis. The results of this study provide novel evidence that endogenous EFs may promote blood vessel formation of endothelial cells by activating the VEGF receptor signaling pathway.
Hsp70 chaperone: a master player in protein homeostasis
Authors: Fernández-Fernández María Rosario , Valpuesta José María
Published: September 2018

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is an essential pillar for correct cellular function. Impairments in proteostasis are encountered both in aging and in several human disease conditions. Molecular chaperones are important players for proteostasis; in particular, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has an essential role in protein folding, disaggregation, and degradation. We have recently proposed a model for Hsp70 functioning as a “multiple socket”. In the model, Hsp70 provides a physical platform for the binding of client proteins, other chaperones, and cochaperones. The final fate of the client protein is dictated by the set of Hsp70 interactions that occur in a given cellular context. Obtaining structural information of the different Hsp70-based protein complexes will provide valuable knowledge to understand the functional mechanisms behind the master role of Hsp70 in proteostasis. We additionally evaluate some of the challenges for attaining high-resolution structures of such complexes.
La difusión de las fórmulas renacentistas dentro del Campo de Calatrava: Alonso Galdón y la parroquia de Manzanares.
Authors: Barranquero Contento José Javier
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo aporta nueva información sobre la ampliación de la parroquia de Manzanares (Ciudad Real) y la construcción de su portada renacentista, uno de los mayores conjuntos escultóricos del Campo de Calatrava, analizando el importante papel que desempeñaron canteros de origen vasco en todo este proceso.
Nuevas metodologías colaborativas en la producción del arte: Ensamblaje cultural en la creación artística contemporánea
Authors: Lara Morcillo Santiago
Published: September 2018

Este artículo expone algunas de las pautas del desarollo de la cultura digital en el marco de la producción artística colectiva. Esta relación ha generado nuevos espacios en red donde se pueden apreciar multitude de plataformas de organización que dependen casi siempre de las necesidades de un colectivo de usuarios determinado. Estas personas formarían parte de un grupo de creadores proactivos que se valen de un procomún como la red para utilizarlo en su propio beneficio y en el del grupo. Estos foros están sujetos al cambio y la experimentación, asímismo también se autorregulan y se transforman atendiendo siempre al desarrollo de la propia comunidad en red. Esto genera nuevas metodologías de producción colaborativa que tienen su reflejo físico en la articulación de espacios de encuentro donde los creadores aúnan su experiencia para crear verdaderos dispositivos de conocimiento entorno al arte.
Arte Digital MX
Authors: Villagómez Oviedo Cynthia Patricia
Published: September 2018

El arte digital es poco conocido en México, si bien hay artistas digitales y algunos centros de exhibición como el Laboratorio Arte Alameda o el Centro Nacional de la Artes, dichos centros se encuentran en la capital del país, fuera de ésta continúan imperando las expresiones tradicionales del arte, como la pintura, la escultura y el grabado. Por lo que en este artículo analizamos los procesos de creación de artistas digitales mexicanos, de tal manera que sea posible proveer a otros artistas de métodos de desarrollo de ideas nuevas y originales, así como generar conocimiento que facilite la comprensión de los trabajos digitales, contribuyendo así al crecimiento, difusión y desarrollo del Arte digital mexicano. A la par se indaga sobre los procesos de reflexión y conceptualización en el trabajo artístico, desde el punto de vista del proceso intelectual llevado a cabo por el artista, reflejo de los nuevos procesos de creación de los artistas digitales mexicanos y sus fuentes de inspiración.
Volver al bosque: Nostalgia, utopía y juego
Authors: Santamaría Fernández Ana Esther
Published: September 2018

El género del paisaje se consolidó con el arranque del mundo contemporáneo hasta convertirse en una de las vías más transitadas del terreno artístico. El paisaje está de moda y el bosque es uno de los espacios más aludidos en la escena artística. Baste recordar la proliferación de parques de esculturas situados en estas áreas frondosas. Pero, antes que analizar la capacidad museística del bosque, o su relación con la ciencia o los discursos que tratan de hacer del arte una bandera en pro de la sostenibilidad, los párrafos que siguen van a delinear los modos en que algunos creadores han vuelto al bosque, un argumento que tiene que ver con la relación emotiva que los individuos han venido estableciendo con este espacio a lo largo del tiempo.
Harizko elektrohigadura bidezko ebaketa-prozesuko aldagaien azterketa altuera aldakorreko piezak ebakitzeko
Authors: Conde Aintzane , Sanchez Jose Antonio , Plaza Soraya , Wang Jun
Published: September 2018

Harizko elektrohigadura bidezko ebaketa-prozesua (WEDM) ezinbestekoa da gaur egun, industriak gainazal-akaberen eta dimentsio-perdoien inguruan eskatzen dituen fabrikazio-eskakizun zorrotzak betetzeko. Prozesuari buruzko ezagutzarekin batera softwarearen garapena integratzen duen ingurune batetik abiatuta, makina adimendunaren funtzionamenduaren helburua lortu ahal izango da; hots, makinak bakarrik, fidagarritasunez eta doitasunik galdu gabe funtzionatzea. Baina, horretarako, arazo larrien konponketak optimizatu behar dira; esate baterako, altuera aldakorreko piezak ebakitzeko arazoa. Lan honetan, altuera aldatzen den guneetan ebaketa-prozesuaren aldagairik esanguratsuenen portaera aztertzeko aukera ematen duen industria-sistema bat garatu da. Hau da, aurrea hartu ahal izango zaie arrazoi horrengatik gerta daitezkeen aldaketei, eta, horri esker, haria apurtzea edo prozesuaren harroketa-tasa txikitzea eragin dezaketen ezegonkortasun-arazoak saihestuko dira; hau da, produktibitateak behera egitea eragotz daiteke.
A PRÁTICA DA LIBERDADE NO ESTADO MODERNO NAS CONCEPÇÕES DE JOHN LOCKE E JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
Authors: Pinheiro Veralucia , Bezerra Nilson Pereira
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta considerações sobre concepções de Estado, a partir do pensamento de dois pensadores clássicos, cujas formulações sobre o conceito de liberdade apresentam contribuições significativas para a compreensão dos princípios que regem o Estado Moderno.  A primeira fundamenta-se na caracterização do liberalismo encontrado em Locke (1983), cuja concepção de liberdade está diretamente ligada ao direito à propriedade, tendo por base o poder econômico dos indivíduos. A segunda está ancorada no conceito de liberdade de Rousseau (1978: sd), que atribui o exercício da liberdade ao pleno direito individual de participação política e de igualdade jurídica sem distinção. O objetivo dessa análise é sistematizar as formulações teóricas destes pensadores acerca do processo de construção do Estado na modernidade, mediante a identificação e a problematização de argumentos que posteriormente serão utilizados para legitimar as ideologias que visam garantir sustentação à sociedade capitalista. Subjaz ainda a esse objetivo a intenção de refletir sobre o contexto em que se desenvolve a formação do sujeito na sociedade moderna, apto a reproduzir os valores e as concepções definidos pelas classes dominantes, limitando desse modo sua formação a sua inserção no mercado de trabalho.
LITERACINESE OU DA ESCRITA [LITERÁRIA] COM IMAGENS... EM MOVIMENTO
Authors: De Andrade Pereira Marcelo , Viana Lima Eliana Kiara
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho visou realizar um estudo sobre a relação entre literatura e cinema na educação. Tratou especificamente da produção de textos audiovisuais adaptados de textos literários com alunos da terceira série do Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Campus Araguatins, no ano de 2014. O objetivo principal desta investigação foi analisar as relações entre literatura e cinema no que concerne ao ensino de Literatura no Ensino Médio, propondo uma forma diferenciada de articular Literatura e Cinema, Educação e Cinema na escola. A abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi executada por meio da pesquisa-ação e diálogo organizado com os alunos, que pretendeu discutir a percepção do aluno litecineasta, em relação ao cinema e aos seus limites e potencialidades para o ensino da Literatura. Para o embasamento teórico foram utilizados autores como Walter Benjamin (1994), Robert Stam (2006) e Adriana Fresquet (2013).
Towards a sustainable Open Access monograph publishing workflow for academic institutions
Authors: Schrader Antonia , Grossmann Alexander , Reiche Michael
Published: September 2018

Across the world, there is a growing interest in Open Access (OA) publishing. Therefore, OA publishing has become a trend and is of key importance to the scientific community. However, observing the publication landscape in Germany leads to a striking finding of very different approaches. In particular, OA book publishing is still in relatively early stages, leading to OA books being much less frequently published than OA journal articles. However, although well-established publishers offer the publication of OA books, only certain researchers can actually publish, because of high Book Processing Charges (BPCs). In contrast to such publishers, university presses publish books as OA without any or at significantly lower charges; however, university presses are often inadequately staffed and do not have the technical know-how of the state-of-the-art publishing of OA books possessed by well-established publishers.

For these reasons, our research project aims to develop an ideal and transferable publication workflow for OA books that is both cost-effective and personnel-efficient as well as media-neutral to enable universities to publish their publications as OA. To this end, a one-day meeting with stakeholders of the publication landscape was held in June 2018 at the University of Applied Science in Leipzig, Germany. During the meeting, the stakeholders were asked to present their views on the current situation and also the lessons learned and the shortcomings of the existing approaches.

As a result, the observation was confirmed that the publication landscape is very heterogeneous and that there are no standardised interfaces and no harmonised practices for publishing OA books. Furthermore, in a discussion with the stakeholders during the second part of the meeting, further various issues of OA book publishing were revealed that have to be considered. Additionally, the various challenges and wishes of the stakeholders could be classified into five topic areas.

These findings illustrate that the primary task of the research project has to be the analysis of the existing publishing workflows and abstracting generally valid processes that are needed to publish OA books. Additionally, the further issues of OA book publishing, mentioned by the stakeholders, have to be addressed during the development. The five topic areas will help reduce the complexity of this project.
The Effects of Information Asymmetry, Earning Management, Voluntary Disclosure and Market Value of Equity on Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Sunaryo Rizki Istiawati , Saripujiana Dian
Published: September 2018

This study aims to examine the effect and prove that (1) the higher of the information asymmetry, the higher of the cost of equity capital, (2) the higher of the earning management caused the higher of the cost of equity capital, (3) the higher of the voluntary disclosure caused the lower of the cost of equity capital and (4) the higher of the market value of equity caused the lower of the cost of equity capital. This research was conducted in the manufacturing companies sector listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2012-2014. This study used a purposive sampling method for getting sample. The data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with one-tailed test with SPSS 22.0 program. The results show that market value of equity were statistically supported or hypothesis accepted. While the information asymmetry, earning management and voluntary disclosure were not statistically supported, although the information asymmetry had a significant effect but the hypothesized results were different so the hypothesis remains rejected.
LATE RECURRENCE OF SPINAL NEURINOMA AFTER ITS SINGLE-STAGE TOTAL REMOVAL
Authors: Vasilyev I. A. , Stupak V. V. , Tsvetovsky S. B. , Pendyurin I. V. , Selyakova M. S. , Voronina E. I. , Dolzhenko D. A.
Published: September 2018

Dumb-bell schwannomas (neurinomas) account for 15 % of the total number of spinal neurinomas. Their surgical removal in the cervical spine is a technical challenge due to intricate anatomical relationships. The paper presents a clinical case of recurrence of the dumb-bell neurinoma at the cervicothoracic level 20 years after its total single-stage removal. The tumor recurrence was confirmed by the data of neuroimaging monitoring. Repeated removal was performed. The paper describes in details the course of the disease, clinical and radiological manifestations, and results of neurophysiological monitoring.
MODELING OF THE SPINE COMPENSATORY RESPONSE TO DEFORMITY
Authors: Krutko A. V. , Gladkov A. V. , Komissarov V. V. , Komissarova N. V.
Published: September 2018

Objective. To analyze mathematical model of the efficiency of the compensatory mechanism of the deformed spine. Material and Methods. The developed basic kinematic model of the spine was used. The restoration of the position of the projection of the general center of mass (GCM) was mathematically modeled, and mechanogenesis of the spinal deformity and possibility of its compensation were evaluated. To assess the reliability of the mathematical model, spinal skiagrams taken from patients with clinically confirmed pathology and sagittal imbalance were used. Results. On the basis of quantitative characteristics of the primary spine deformity of a certain clinical case and using the developed algorithm, it is possible to create a model of both a primary deformity and a compensatory response from intact segments of the spine taking into account the influencing factors. This makes it possible to use the proposed kinematic model in scientific research on predicting the course of various types of spinal deformities. Conclusion. The proposed algorithms simulating the development of spinal deformities based on the restoration of the position of the GCM projection reflect their mechanogenesis and can be used to model various pathological conditions of the spine. A complete correction of the deformity does not mean a complete cure, since the required spinal fusion creates a new, prognostically less significant, but pathological situation.
Chemical analysis and antioxidant activities of bark extracts from four endemic species of Hyrcanian forests in Iran
Authors: Lakani Sahba Aliniyay , Hedjazi Sahab , Abdulkhani Ali
Published: September 2018

Chemical analysis of the bark from four Hyrcanian forest species, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Alnus subcordata, Gleditsia caspica and Parrotia persica were performed, and their total phenol contents, and antioxidant and chelating activities were evaluated. The greatest total phenol content (TPhC), 54.3% in dry extract, was detected in P. fraxinifolia bark and the lowest one in G. caspica bark with 4.5%. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the radical-scavenging assay against DPPH radicals in bark acetone extracts of P. fraxinifolia, A. subcordata, G. caspica and P. persica were 0.17, 0.21, 13.35, 0.19 mg ml−1, respectively. In the metal-chelating activity system, G. caspica extract demonstrated significant activity. Pterocarya fraxinifolia, A. subcordata and P. persica bark acetone extracts revealed a high potential for inhibition of DPPH radicals due to high amounts of phenolics. Superior health benefits can be expected from the compounds syringol, 4-vinylguaiacol, tyrosol, chavicol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, vanillin, rheosmin and acetophenone. Gleditsia caspica was found to have significant chelating activity due to isoeugenol.
Focused-ion-beam-based nano-kirigami: from art to photonics
Authors: Li Jiafang , Liu Zhiguang
Published: September 2018

Kirigami, i.e. the cutting and folding of flat objects to create versatile shapes, is one of the most traditional Chinese arts that has been widely used in window decorations, gift cards, festivals, and various ceremonies, and has recently found intriguing applications in modern sciences and technologies. In this article, we review the newly developed focused-ion-beam-based nanoscale kirigami, named nano-kirigami, as a powerful three-dimensional (3D) nanofabrication technique. By utilizing the topography-guided stress equilibrium induced by ion-beam irradiation on a free-standing gold nanofilm, versatile 3D shape transformations such as upward buckling, downward bending, complex rotation, and twisting of nanostructures are precisely achieved. It is shown that the generated 3D nanostructures possess exceptional geometries and promising photonic functionalities, including strongly interacting multiple Fano resonances, giant optical chirality, clear photonic spin Hall effects, and diffractive phase/polarization effects. The studies of such structures can build up novel platforms for versatile manufacturing techniques and be helpful to establish new areas in plasmonics, nanophotonics, optomechanics, MEMS/NEMS, etc., with the generation of exotic but functional nanostructures.
Two Lovers and a Lion: Pankrates’ Poem on Hadrian’s Royal Hunt
Authors: Höschele Regina
Published: September 2018

This article offers a new reading of Pankrates’ poem on Hadrian’s and Antinoos’ hunt of a lion in 130 AD, examining both its intertextual dialogue with Homer and its evocation of Egyptian imagery. I first show how the raging lion, which emerges directly out of a Homeric simile (Il.20.163–164), has been transformed fromcomparatumtocomparandum: he no longer serves to illustrate a warrior’s force, but has himself become part of the main narrative and the subject of analogy. Contemplating theaitionin which the text culminated I argue that the Antinoeian lotus, which grew out of the lion’s blood, ought to be read against the backdrop of Egyptian mythology and iconography as an emblem of rebirth. Both Pankrates’ allusions to Homer, which subtly evoke Achilles’ loss of Patroklos, and the symbolic function of the lotus strongly suggest that the poem was composed in the aftermath of Antinoos’ death and conceived as a celebration of the youth’s apotheosis.
Consumer Privacy and the Incentives to Price-Discriminate in Online Markets
Authors: de Cornière Alexandre , Montes Rodrigo
Published: September 2018

This paper studies how product customization and consumer privacy affect a monopolist’s incentives to engage in perfect price discrimination. We consider a monopolist that faces an ex ante choice to commit to price discrimination or to a uniform price. We introduce a simple model in which a monopolist can use analytics to access consumer data to both price-discriminate and offer customized products. In turn, consumers can protect their privacy to avoid price discrimination at a cost. By committing not to price-discriminate, the firm induces consumers to not protect their data, which allows it to customize the product. It can then extract the extra value through an increased uniform price. This strategy is profitable when the value added through customization is sufficiently high. An intermediate quality of analytics gives the monopolist more incentives to set a uniform price.
Ostgeschäfte: Westliche Unternehmen in der DDR
Authors: Steiner André
Published: September 2018

Eastern Bloc business: Western firms in the GDR

The paper explores our knowledge about the business transactions of Western firms in the Eastern Bloc countries – especially in the GDR – and makes proposals for further research efforts in this regard.
A Subpopulation of Foxj1-Expressing, Nonmyelinating Schwann Cells of the Peripheral Nervous System Contribute to Schwann Cell Remyelination in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Ma Dan , Wang Bowei , Zawadzka Malgorzata , Gonzalez Ginez , Wu Zhaozong , Yu Bin , Rawlins Emma L. , Franklin Robin J.M. , Zhao Chao
Published: September 2018

New myelin sheaths can be restored to demyelinated axons in a spontaneous regenerative process called remyelination. In general, new myelin sheaths are made by oligodendrocytes newly generated from a widespread population of adult CNS progenitors called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). New myelin in CNS remyelination in both experimental models and clinical diseases can also be generated by Schwann cells (SCs), the myelin-forming cells of the PNS. Fate-mapping studies have shown that SCs contributing to remyelination in the CNS are often derived from OPCs and appear not to be derived from myelinating SCs from the PNS. In this study, we address whether CNS remyelinating SCs can also be generated from PNS-derived cells other than myelinating SCs. Using a genetic fate-mapping approach, we have found that a subpopulation of nonmyelinating SCs identified by the expression of the transcription factor Foxj1 also contribute to CNS SC remyelination, as well as to remyelination in the PNS. We also find that the ependymal cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord, which also express Foxj1, do not generate cells that contribute to CNS remyelination. These findings therefore identify a previously unrecognized population of PNS glia that can participate in the regeneration of new myelin sheaths following CNS demyelination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRemyelination failure in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis drives the current quest for developing means by which remyelination in CNS can be enhanced therapeutically. Critical to this endeavor is the need to understand the mechanisms of remyelination, including the nature and identity of the cells capable of generating new myelin sheath-forming cells. Here, we report a previously unrecognized subpopulation of nonmyelinating Schwann cells (SCs) in the PNS, identified by the expression of the transcription factor Foxj1, which can give rise to SCs that are capable of remyelinating both PNS and CNS axons. These cells therefore represent a new cellular target for myelin regenerative strategies for the treatment of CNS disorders characterized by persistent demyelination.
El camino humanista de la literatura: una crónica personal
Authors: Baraona Cockerell Miguel
Published: September 2018

Este ensayo trata de la experiencia literaria del propio autor, la forma como esta nació, se gestó y se entrelazó de manera dinámica y profundacon su vida interior. Pero este trabajo no explora solo la manera como la praxis literaria irrumpe en su intimidad, pues esta disquisición que se presenta aquí se sitúa dentro de una discusión más amplia sobre la creación, el humanismo, la condición humana y una propuesta de quehacer narrativo que el autor define como “realismo existencial”, orientada a vivirse como una praxis emancipadora mediante la propia experiencia de escribir ficción. El autor señala que el camino de la literatura es solo una opción muy personal e íntima, una decisión individual de muy hondas ramificaciones y, en general, de consecuencias drásticas y prolongadas sobre aquella persona que decida seguir esa senda imaginaria por el resto de su vida. Es una vía de antemano inexistente que no tiene destino seguro, pues no tiene mapa ni dirección discernible, y está apenastrazada en la red invisible y tenue de la mente de quien decide hacerse escritora o escritor. Presenta esta decisión como aquella que una veztomada, ya no hay posibilidades de escapar indemne de tal aventura. Desde el punto de vista síquico, dice que es un vicio y que como muchos es acompañado del éxtasis y el dolor, pero cada vez más satisfactorio. Indica dos aspectos aún más importantes y decisivos para el autor: la vocación y el placer. Así se desarrolla el artículo: ¿por qué se escribe?, ¿cómo se escribe?, ¿cómo escribo yo?
Modes of Death Within a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Trowbridge Amy , Walter Jennifer K. , McConathey Eric , Morrison Wynne , Feudtner Chris
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:

Knowledge about how children die in pediatric hospitals is limited, and this hinders improvement in hospital-based end-of-life care.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of all the patients who died in a children’s hospital between July 2011 and June 2014, collecting demographic and diagnostic information, hospital length of stay, location of death, and palliative care consultation. A qualitative review of provider notes and resuscitation records was used to create 5 mutually exclusive modes of death, which were then assigned to each patient. Analysis included the calculation of descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression modeling.

RESULTS:

We identified 579 patients who were deceased; 61% were <1 year of age. The ICU was the most common location of death (NICU 29.7%; PICU 27.8%; cardiac ICU 16.6%). Among the 5 modes of death, the most common was the withdrawal of life-sustaining technology (40.2%), followed by nonescalation (25.6%), failed resuscitation (22.8%), code then withdrawal (6.0%), and death by neurologic criteria (5.3%). After adjustment, patients who received a palliative care consultation were less likely to experience a code death (odds ratio 0.31; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.75), although African American patients were more likely than white patients to experience a code death (odds ratio 2.46; 95% confidence interval 1.05–5.73), mostly because of code events occurring in the first 24 hours of hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS:

Most deaths in a children’s hospital occur in ICUs after the withdrawal of life-sustaining technology. Race and palliative care involvement may influence the manner of a child’s death.
From the policymakers’ desks to the classrooms: the relationship between language policy, language-in-education policy and the foreign language teaching-learning process
Authors: Carilo Michele Saraiva
Published: September 2018

This article aims to discuss the relationship between language policy, language-in-education policy and the foreign language teaching-learning process. In so doing, a critical review of relevant literature is offered with the purpose to clarify how the areas of enquiry related to language and language-in-education policymaking and enactment are intertwined to the practicalities of foreign language curriculum development and syllabus design. Such connection is represented by the politically-, ideologically- and socioculturally-driven choices of policymakers and policy enactors, as well as their influence on everyday foreign language practice. Criticality and authorship are advocated throughout this article as strategies on which teachers and students should rely in order to challenge predetermined and/or decontextualised directives concerning the foreign language teaching-learning process.
Letramento escolar em aula de língua inglesa: uma proposta pedagógica de leitura crítica
Authors: Novelli Josimayre , Jung Neiva Maria , De Castro Elaine
Published: September 2018

Teaching a Foreign Language (FL) in Basic Education has among one of its goals contributing to the learner’s singular experience of building meaning by a discursive basis domain (Brasil, 1998), by means of reading and writing activities that promote his engagement in varied social practices and his formation as a citizen (Schlatter, 2009). This way, it’s presented a reading activity to Elementary School students based in Critical Reading (CR) and literacy as social practice (Street, 2014). It is started from reading as a process, proposing steps to achieve it (pre-reading, while-reading e post-reading), which involve previous knowledge of the text issue, text comprehension and interpretation and the development of the learner’s criticism through the text, respectively. Considering this proposal, it’s expected to emphasize the importance of CR to increase the learners’ participation in literate social practices, contributing to the formation of a critical reader and a citizen.
Encountering Opposed Others and Countering Suggestions [kha?ar?t]: Notes on Religious Tolerance from Ninth Century Arab-Muslim Thought
Authors: Sheikh Faraz Masood
Published: September 2018

Eschewing conventional approaches to religious tolerance in the study of Islam, the present study makes explicit an account of religious tolerance, and the larger discursive repertoire (psychological, anthropological and theological) in which it is grounded and to which it is linked, in the teachings of the ninth century Arab, Muslim thinker and moral pedagogue, al-Harith b. Asad al-Muhasibi (d. 857). I highlight the crucial role of suggestions in Muhasibi's vision of proper subjectivity and analyze how this vision relates to his implicit and complicated account of religious tolerance.
A History of the ‘Alawis: From Medieval Aleppo to the Turkish Republic, by Stefan Winter
Authors: Berger Lutz
Published: September 2018

A History of the ?Alawis: From Medieval Aleppo to the Turkish Republic, by Stefan Winter. Princeton University Press, 2016. Hb. $ 85.00, ISBN-13: 9780691167787.
Politics and Faith (1)
Authors: Hammond Guy
Published: September 2018

Política e fé
A influência da religião na esfera política: protestantismo e liberdade religiosa
Authors: De Menezes Júnior Eumar Evangelista , Ferreira Rildo Mourão , Alvarenga Marcos Vinicius Borges
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo busca ser uma exposição panorâmica, ressaltando a implicação dos temas da religião e da política na história cristã, desde os seus inícios, conforme descrito no Evangelho, passando pelo cristianismo antigo e medieval, com destaque para o período escolástico e renascentista e finalmente se detendo no fenômeno religioso do protestantismo e sua estreita ligação com o advento da modernidade, recuperando suas bases filosóficas e culturais, com o recorte em sua significação social para os novos tempos.
Dispositivos digitales en el hogar: incidencia de las desigualdades y las políticas públicas de acceso partir de un análisis multivariado.
Authors: Rivoir Ana , Escuder Santiago
Published: September 2018

Las políticas de inclusión digital en América Latina buscan reducir la brecha digital para contribuir a la reducción de las desigualdades sociales. En el artículo se analiza la infraestructura digital de los hogares uruguayos y su relación con su condición socioeconómica y variables demográficas. Se realiza un análisis del alcance de las desigualdades de acceso a las tecnologías tanto analógicas como digitales y la incidencia de las políticas públicas con la reducción de la brecha digital. Se describen las características de los hogares beneficiados por las políticas de inclusión digital y qué sectores de la población permanecen fuera de su alcance. A partir de la Encuesta de Usos de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (EUTIC 2013) del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Uruguay (INE), se realiza un análisis multivariado para establecer cuáles son los conjuntos de variables que determinan factores relevantes así como definir posibles conglomerados y tipología de hogares. Se encuentra que persiste un vínculo estrecho con la desigualdad de ingreso y la brecha de acceso en los hogares y un efecto positivo de las políticas TIC aunque con un techo para alcanzar los hogares más excluidos.