bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renovation Wave in Europe: Low-Carbon Design for the Refurbishment of Social Housing in Southern Italy
Authors: Di Ruocco Giacomo
Published: May 2024

The public housing stock, called social housing, in Italy was developed between the 1950s and the 1980s. As of today, the first residential developments are almost nearing their end-of-life age and are in need of urgent and intensive renovation. The European Commission, with the Renovation Wave, has set a goal of doubling the rate of building renovation over the next 10 years, reducing emissions, improving energy performance, and promoting decarburization. Renovation interventions, including structural, functional, energy, and plant upgrading interventions, etc., are to be preferred over integral demolition and reconstruction interventions, which have significant repercussions in terms of managerial and social discomfort. The case studies examined concern renovation interventions aimed at energy efficiency, functional adaptation of housing, as well as façade restyling. The design variants analyzed were evaluated in terms of CO2e emissions, according to life cycle inventory (LCI) and Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) approaches. This approach has a twofold purpose: to propose design guidelines, with low CO2e emissions, through hypotheses of variants in the case studies, and to propose, to the economic operators, economically advantageous bidding scenarios in the procurement process.
Classification and Model Explanation of Traditional Dwellings Based on Improved Swin Transformer
Authors: Miao Shangbo , Zhang Chenxi , Piao Yushun , Miao Yalin
Published: May 2024

The extraction of features and classification of traditional dwellings plays significant roles in preserving and ensuring the sustainable development of these structures. Currently, challenges persist in subjective classification and the accuracy of feature extraction. This study focuses on traditional dwellings in Gansu Province, China, employing a novel model named Improved Swin Transformer. This model, based on the Swin Transformer and parallel grouped Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) branches, aims to enhance the accuracy of feature extraction and classification precision. Furthermore, to validate the accuracy of feature extraction during the prediction process and foster trust in AI systems, explainability research was conducted using Grad-CAM-generated heatmaps. Initially, the Gansu Province Traditional Dwelling Dataset (GTDD) is established. On the constructed GTDD dataset, the Improved Swin Transformer attains an accuracy of 90.03% and an F1 score of 87.44%. Comparative analysis with ResNet-50, ResNeXt-50, and Swin Transformer highlights the outstanding performance of the improved model. The confusion matrix of the Improved Swin Transformer model reveals the classification results across different regions, indicating that the primary influencing factors are attributed to terrain, climate, and cultural aspects. Finally, using Grad-CAM-generated heatmaps for explaining classifications, it is observed that the Improved Swin Transformer model exhibits more accurate localization and focuses on features compared to the other three models. The model demonstrates exceptional feature extraction ability with minimal influence from the surrounding environment. Simultaneously, through the heatmaps generated by the Improved Swin Transformer for traditional residential areas in five regions of Gansu, it is evident that the model accurately extracts architectural features such as roofs, facades, materials, windows, etc. This validates the consistency of features extracted by the Improved Swin Transformer with traditional methods and enhances trust in the model and decision-making. In summary, the Improved Swin Transformer demonstrates outstanding feature extraction ability and accurate classification, providing valuable insights for the protection and style control of traditional residential areas.
Rubberized Concrete: Effect of the Rubber Size and Content on Static and Dynamic Behavior
Authors: Du Tianyang , Yang Yue , Cao Huidong , Si Nan , Kordestani Hadi , Sktani Zhwan Dilshad Ibrahim , Arab Ali , Zhang Chunwei
Published: May 2024

Rubberized concrete (RC) has received widespread attention due to its energy absorption and crack resistance properties. However, due to its low compressive strength, it is not recommended for structural applications. The rubber size and content affect RC’s mechanical properties. This study investigated and formulated the behavior of RC with different particle sizes and contents under dynamic and static loading. Quasi-static compressive and dynamic tests were conducted on RC with varying content of rubber (0–30%) and rubber sizes (0.1–20 mm). It was found that the rubber particle size was 0.5mm and the rubber content was 2%. An equation was derived from the experimental data to forecast the impact of rubber size and content on compressive strength. Additionally, by combining the literature and this research’s data, a model was established based on neural networks to predict the strength of RC. SHPB tests were carried out to study the stress–strain curves under dynamic load. The peak stress, fragment analysis, and energy absorption of RC with varying content of rubber and rubber sizes at three different strain rates (100 s−1, 160 s−1, and 290 s−1) were investigated. Equations describing the relationship between dynamic increase factor (DIF), rubber material content, and strain rate on different particle sizes were obtained by fitting. The DIF increased as the content of the rubber increased. By analyzing energy absorption data, it was found that the optimal ratio for energy absorption was RC-0.5-30, RC-0.1-30, and RC-10-30 at strain rates of 100 s−1, 160 s−1, and 290 s−1. This study could be a good guideline for other researchers to easily select the content and size of the rubber in RC for their applications. It also has a positive significance in promoting the development of green building materials.
Corrosion Properties and Bond Strength in Normal Strength Concrete of Al2O3 Plasma-Sprayed Plain Bars with ZrCC/Organofunctional Silane Coating
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Prodanovic Nikola , Hurtig Karel , Steinerová Veronika , Fojt Jaroslav , Janata Marek , Brožek Vlastimil
Published: May 2024

In this study, the corrosion properties of plasma-sprayed Al2O3 coating (APSS) with a topcoat of zirconium-based conversion coating (ZrCC) and organofunctional silane coating (3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; GPTMS) on carbon steel are investigated in detail. Additionally, the bond strength of plain steel bars coated with this system in normal strength concrete are newly tested. The APSS coating exhibits significant porosity, with unfavourable open pores limiting the barrier protection effect. In contrast, the surface roughness (Ra) significantly increases, improving the bond strength between steel bars and concrete. Such increase in carbon steel roughness improves bond strength in concrete. The synergic application of ZrCC and GPTMS topcoats significantly enhances the corrosion resistance of the base coat (inhibition effect). The character of the GPTMS coating increases the wettability of the APSS coating, which further positively contributes to bond strength between plain bars and concrete. It is demonstrated that when the ZrCC topcoat is applied without GPTMS, the corrosion resistance increases insignificantly and the surface wettability decreases, negatively affecting bond strength in comparison with carbon steel coated using an APSS base coat only.
Seismic Impact on Building Structures: Assessment, Design, and Strengthening
Authors: Rupakhety Rajesh , Gautam Dipendra
Published: May 2024

The changing landscape of building technology, seismic engineering understanding, data, innovative rehabilitation strategies, and computing efficiency have morphed the field of structural earthquake engineering and closely allied fields into one of the most dynamic and vibrant fields of civil engineering, both in research and practice [...]
Enhancing Green Building Technologies and Solutions in UAE University Campus: A Comprehensive Assessment and Validation Approach
Authors: Khoukhi Maatouk , Gomez Ariel , Dar Saleh Abeer , Alkaabi Maryam , Muhsenah Hajar
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the integration of Green Building Technologies and Solutions within UAEU’s Maqam Campus, focusing on assessing sustainable design effectiveness. Using a mixed-method approach, the research comprehensively evaluates indoor environmental quality (IEQ) from June 2022 to January 2023. Data collection, user insights, on-site audits, and analysis inform the assessment. Initial survey findings reveal a preference for manual control among students, emphasizing user agency. Subsequent surveys and environmental monitoring identify areas for improvement, notably in thermal comfort and lighting quality. The study highlights the significance of holistic occupant satisfaction and IEQ in green building design, advocating for user-centric solutions and advanced technologies to enhance energy efficiency and create harmonious environments in educational buildings like the C6 building.
Construction and Geo-Distribution of the Architectural Characteristics of Clan Ancestral Halls along the Yile–Xijing Historical Trail in Lechang
Authors: Ren Ziru , Tang Zhaohui , Li Binbin
Published: May 2024

The Guangdong historical trail comprises two ancient trails, known as Yile (宜乐) and Xijing (西京); can be found within the borders of Lechang (乐昌); and is an integral part of the northern section of the Guangdong historical trail, connecting Hunan and Guangdong. Along these routes, there are various types of ancestral halls. The objectives of this study include analyzing various levels of information about ancestral hall architecture, determining their respective importance through AHP hierarchical analysis, classifying architectural features via cluster analysis using SPSS, and exploring the geographical distribution trajectories of ancestral halls along the ancient paths using GIS technology. Ultimately, this study seeks to shed light on the influence of different cultures brought by the ancient road on the distribution of architectural types and identify three distinct types of ancestral halls.
Non-Cement Building Materials from Volcanic Rock Extraction Waste
Authors: Arzumanyan Avetik , Muradyan Nelli , Arzumanyan Arusyak , Laroze David , Barseghyan Manuk
Published: May 2024

This work presents the types of waste of Armenian volcanic aluminosilicate tuff rocks extraction, as a component of the raw material of non-cement, artificial stone materials, the technical possibilities of their use, and the results of experiments for meeting the indicators of physical and mechanical characteristics of natural stone. Preliminary orientational experimental studies have specified the proportions of the raw materials in the compositions, the connections between the preparation of mixtures, the compaction of samples, and the shortest possible heat treatment regimes at temperatures up to 200 °C. Non-cement artificial stones were developed using tuff waste, with filler–composite binder ratios of 75/25 and 70/30, and a water/solid mass ratio of 0.10-to-0.12%. After 9 h of heat treatment, the density, water absorption, and compressive strength of non-cement artificial stone materials were determined. The results showed that these materials outperformed natural stone materials from the same deposits, in terms of the same physical and mechanical characteristics. The use of tuff waste resulted in increased densities, from 10.5 to 39%, decreased water absorption by 2 to 2.5 times, and increased compressive strength of non-cement artificial stone materials, from 15 to 30% compared to natural tuff stones. X-ray diffraction and SEM image studies were also carried out for the obtained non-cement artificial stones. The novelty in the developed technology of obtaining stone materials primarily revolves around the mixture preparation technology by using tuff waste materials and low-temperature heat treatment.
Microsatellite Instability Testing and Prognostic Implications in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ho Vincent , Chung Liping , Wilkinson Kate , Ma Yafeng , Rutland Tristan , Lea Vivienne , Lim Stephanie H. , Abubakar Askar , Ng Weng , Lee Mark , Roberts Tara L. , Becker Therese M. , Mackenzie Scott , Chua Wei , Lee Cheok Soon
Published: May 2024

Given the crucial predictive implications of microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC), MSI screening is commonly performed in those with and at risk for CRC. Here, we compared results from immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) MSI assay on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 48 patients who underwent surgery for colon and rectal cancer by calculating Cohen’s kappa measurement (k), revealing high agreement between the methods (k = 0.915). We performed Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and univariate and multivariate Cox regression to assess the prognostic significance of ddPCR-based MSI and to identify clinicopathological features associated with CRC outcome. Patients with MSI-high had better overall survival (OS; p = 0.038) and disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.049) than those with microsatellite stability (MSS). When stratified by primary tumor location, right-sided CRC patients with MSI-high showed improved DFS, relative to those with MSS (p < 0.001), but left-sided CRC patients did not. In multivariate analyses, MSI-high was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.221, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.026–0.870, p = 0.042), whereas the loss of DNA mismatch repair protein MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) expression was associated with worse OS (HR = 0.133, 95% CI: 0.001–1.152, p = 0.049). Our results suggest ddPCR is a promising tool for MSI detection. Given the opposing effects of MSI-high and MLH1 loss on OS, both ddPCR and IHC may be complementary for the prognostic assessment of CRC.
Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Folic Acid Receptors and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Transamidase in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hoffmann Marco , Ermler Thomas Frank , Hoffmann Felix , Alexa Radu , Kranz Jennifer , Steinke Nathalie , Leypold Sophie , Gaisa Nadine Therese , Saar Matthias
Published: May 2024

Due to the proliferation-induced high demand of cancer cells for folic acid (FA), significant overexpression of folate receptors 1 (FR1) is detected in most cancers. To our knowledge, a detailed characterization of FR1 expression and regulation regarding therapeutic and diagnostic feasibilities in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been described. In the present study, cell cultures, as well as tissue sections, were analyzed using Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. In addition, we utilized FA-functionalized lipoplexes to characterize the potential of FR1-targeted delivery into PCa cells. Interestingly, we detected a high level of FR1-mRNA in healthy prostate epithelial cells and healthy prostate tissue. However, we were able to show that PCa cells in vitro and PCa tissue showed a massively enhanced FR1 membrane localization where the receptor can finally gain its function. We were able to link these changes to the overexpression of GPI–transamidase (GPI-T) by image analysis. PCa cells in vitro and PCa tissue show the strongest overexpression of GPI-T and thereby induce FR1 membrane localization. Finally, we utilized FA-functionalized lipoplexes to selectively transfer pDNA into PCa cells and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FR1. Thus, FR1 represents a very promising candidate for targeted therapeutic transfer pathways in PCa and in combination with GPI-T, may provide predictive imaging in addition to established diagnostics.
Outcomes and Pattern of Care for Spinal Myxopapillary Ependymoma in the Modern Era—A Population-Based Observational Study
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Rooney Michael K. , Alvarez-Breckenridge Christopher , Beckham Thomas H. , Chung Caroline , De Brian S. , Ghia Amol J. , Grosshans David , Majd Nazanin K. , McAleer Mary F. , McGovern Susan L. , North Robert Y. , Paulino Arnold C. , Perni Subha , Reddy Jay P. , Rhines Laurence D. , Swanson Todd A. , Tatsui Claudio E. , Tom Martin C. , Yeboa Debra N. , Li Jing
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a rare tumor of the spine, typically slow-growing and low-grade. Optimal management strategies remain unclear due to limited evidence given the low incidence of the disease. (2) Methods: We analyzed data from 1197 patients with spinal MPE from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2020). Patient demographics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were examined using statistical analyses. (3) Results: Most patients were White (89.9%) with a median age at diagnosis of 42 years. Surgical resection was performed in 95% of cases. The estimated 10-year overall survival was 91.4%. Younger age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, p < 0.001) and receipt of surgery (HR = 0.43, p = 0.007) were associated with improved survival. Surprisingly, male sex was associated with worse survival (HR = 1.86, p = 0.008) and a younger age at diagnosis compared to females. (4) Conclusions: This study, the largest of its kind, underscores the importance of surgical resection in managing spinal MPE. The unexpected association between male sex and worse survival warrants further investigation into potential sex-specific pathophysiological factors influencing prognosis. Despite limitations, our findings contribute valuable insights for guiding clinical management strategies for spinal MPE.
Correlation of pN Stage and Hypoechogenicity with Tumour Encapsulation and Vascular Invasion in Thyroid Cancer (TC): A Comprehensive Analysis and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Jurkiewicz Krzysztof , Miciak Michał , Biernat Szymon , Wojtczak Beata , Kaliszewski Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

In this retrospective study, the relationship between the pN stage of TC and the ultrasound hypoechogenicity of tumour encapsulation and vascular invasion was investigated. The data of a total of 678 TC patients were analysed. The goal of this study was to assess the significance of the pTNM score and preoperative ultrasound features in predicting cancer prognosis and guiding therapeutic decisions in patients with TC. The main research methods included a retrospective analysis of patient data, mainly the pTNM score and presence of tumour encapsulation and vascular invasion obtained from histopathological results and preoperative ultrasound imaging. Patients with well-differentiated TCs (papillary and follicular) were extracted from TC patients to better unify the results because of similar clinical strategies for these TCs. Significant associations were observed between advanced pN stage and the presence of encapsulation and vessel invasion. The majority of pN1a patients exhibited encapsulation (77.71%; p < 0.0001) and vascular invasion (75.30%; p < 0.0001), as did the majority of pN1b patients (100%; p < 0.0001 and 100%; p < 0.0001, respectively). Less than half of the patients with hypoeghogenic patterns presented with encapsulation (43.30%; p < 0.0001) and vascular invasion (43.52%; p < 0.0001), while the vast majority of patients without hypoechogenicity did not present with encapsulation (90.97%; p < 0.0001) or vascular invasion (90.97%; p < 0.0001). Hypoechogenicity was found to be indicative of aggressive tumour behaviour. The results of this study underscore the importance of accurate N staging in TC and suggests the potential use of ultrasound features in predicting tumour behaviour. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore additional prognostic markers to streamline TC management strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Comprehensive Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Feasibility Pilot Study
Authors: Lippi Lorenzo , de Sire Alessandro , Folli Arianna , Curci Claudio , Calafiore Dario , Lombardi Mariano , Bertolaccini Luca , Turco Alessio , Ammendolia Antonio , Fusco Nicola , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Invernizzi Marco
Published: May 2024

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) represents a significant health burden, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Despite advances in pharmacological and surgical interventions, the role of rehabilitation in MPM management remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the feasibility of a tailored pulmonary rehabilitation intervention addressing physical and respiratory function in MPM patients. A prospective pilot study was conducted on surgically treated MPM patients referred to a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation service. The intervention comprised multidisciplinary educational sessions, physical rehabilitation, and respiratory physiotherapy. Feasibility was evaluated based on dropout rates, adherence to the rehabilitation program, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. Twelve patients were initially enrolled, with seven completing the study. High adherence to physical (T1: 93.43%, T2: 82.56%) and respiratory (T1: 96.2%, T2: 92.5%) rehabilitation was observed, with minimal adverse events reported. Patient satisfaction remained high throughout the study (GPE scores at T1: 1.83 ± 1.17; T2: 2.0 ± 1.15), with improvements noted in physical function, pain management, and health-related quality of life. However, some issues, such as time constraints and lack of continuous supervision, were reported by participants. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and potential benefits of a tailored pulmonary rehabilitation intervention in MPM patients. Despite its promising outcomes, further research with larger samples is warranted to validate its efficacy and integrate rehabilitation as a component into the multidisciplinary management of MPM.
Emerging Treatment Options for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Origin: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Corti Francesca , Rossi Roberta Elisa , Cafaro Pietro , Passarella Gaia , Turla Antonella , Pusceddu Sara , Coppa Jorgelina , Oldani Simone , Guidi Alessandro , Longarini Raffaella , Cortinovis Diego Luigi
Published: May 2024

Among neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a non-negligible proportion (9–22%) is represented by sufferers of NENs of unknown primary origin (UPO), a poor prognostic group with largely unmet clinical needs. In the absence of standard therapeutic algorithms, current guidelines suggest that the treatment of UPO-NENs should be based on tumor clinical-pathological characteristics, disease burden, and patient conditions. Chemotherapy represents the backbone for the treatment of high-grade poorly differentiated UPO-NENs, usually providing deep but short-lasting responses. Conversely, the spectrum of available systemic therapy options for well-differentiated UPO-NENs may range from somatostatin analogs in indolent low-grade tumors, to peptide receptor radioligand therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), or chemotherapy for more aggressive tumors or in case of high disease burden. In recent years, molecular profiling has provided deep insights into the molecular landscape of UPO-NENs, with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Although preliminary, interesting activity data have been provided about upfront chemoimmunotherapy, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and the combination of ICIs plus TKIs in this setting. Here, we review the literature from the last 30 years to examine the available evidence about the treatment of UPO-NENs, with a particular focus on future perspectives, including the expanding scenario of targeted agents in this setting.
Hybrid Nanogel Drug Delivery Systems: Transforming the Tumor Microenvironment through Tumor Tissue Editing
Authors: Katopodi Theodora , Petanidis Savvas , Floros George , Porpodis Konstantinos , Kosmidis Christoforos
Published: May 2024

The future of drug delivery offers immense potential for the creation of nanoplatforms based on nanogels. Nanogels present a significant possibility for pharmaceutical advancements because of their excellent stability and effective drug-loading capability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents. As multifunctional systems, composite nanogels demonstrate the capacity to carry genes, drugs, and diagnostic agents while offering a perfect platform for theranostic multimodal applications. Nanogels can achieve diverse responsiveness and enable the stimuli-responsive release of chemo-/immunotherapy drugs and thus reprogramming cells within the TME in order to inhibit tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. In order to achieve active targeting and boost drug accumulation at target sites, particular ligands can be added to nanogels to improve the therapeutic outcomes and enhance the precision of cancer therapy. Modern “immune-specific” nanogels also have extra sophisticated tumor tissue-editing properties. Consequently, the introduction of a multifunctional nanogel-based drug delivery system improves the targeted distribution of immunotherapy drugs and combinational therapeutic treatments, thereby increasing the effectiveness of tumor therapy.
Fibroblasts in Pulmonary Hypertension: Roles and Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Min , Hu Cheng-Jun , Stenmark Kurt R.
Published: May 2024

Fibroblasts, among the most prevalent and widely distributed cell types in the human body, play a crucial role in defining tissue structure. They do this by depositing and remodeling extracellular matrixes and organizing functional tissue networks, which are essential for tissue homeostasis and various human diseases. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating syndrome with high mortality, characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and significant cellular and structural changes within the intima, media, and adventitia layers. Most research on PH has focused on alterations in the intima (endothelial cells) and media (smooth muscle cells). However, research over the past decade has provided strong evidence of the critical role played by pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts in PH. These fibroblasts exhibit the earliest, most dramatic, and most sustained proliferative, apoptosis-resistant, and inflammatory responses to vascular stress. This review examines the aberrant phenotypes of PH fibroblasts and their role in the pathogenesis of PH, discusses potential molecular signaling pathways underlying these activated phenotypes, and highlights areas of research that merit further study to identify promising targets for the prevention and treatment of PH.
Towards a Cure for Diamond–Blackfan Anemia: Views on Gene Therapy
Authors: Vale Matilde , Prochazka Jan , Sedlacek Radislav
Published: May 2024

Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the bone marrow’s ability to produce red blood cells, leading to severe anemia and various physical abnormalities. Approximately 75% of DBA cases involve heterozygous mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes, classifying it as a ribosomopathy, with RPS19 being the most frequently mutated gene. Non-RP mutations, such as in GATA1, have also been identified. Current treatments include glucocorticosteroids, blood transfusions, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with HSCT being the only curative option, albeit with challenges like donor availability and immunological complications. Gene therapy, particularly using lentiviral vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, emerges as a promising alternative. This review explores the potential of gene therapy, focusing on lentiviral vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 technology in combination with non-integrating lentiviral vectors, as a curative solution for DBA. It highlights the transformative advancements in the treatment landscape of DBA, offering hope for individuals affected by this condition.
Complete Mitogenome of “Pumpo” (Bos taurus), a Top Bull from a Peruvian Genetic Nucleus, and Its Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Estrada Richard , Figueroa Deyanira , Romero Yolanda , Alvarez-García Wuesley , Rojas Diorman , Alvarado Wigoberto , Maicelo Jorge , Quilcate Carlos , Arbizu Carlos
Published: May 2024

The mitochondrial genome of Pumpo (Bos taurus), a prominent breed contributing to livestock farming, was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome were achieved through a multifaceted approach employing bioinformatics tools such as Trim Galore, SPAdes, and Geseq, followed by meticulous manual inspection. Additionally, analyses covering tRNA secondary structure and codon usage bias were conducted for comprehensive characterization. The 16,341 base pair mitochondrial genome comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis places Pumpo within a clade predominantly composed of European cattle, reflecting its prevalence in Europe. This comprehensive study underscores the importance of mitochondrial genome analysis in understanding cattle evolution and highlights the potential of genetic improvement programs in livestock farming, thus contributing to enhanced livestock practices.
Effects of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding A-100 Ultra-High-Strength Steel Coatings
Authors: Han Tengfei , Ding Zimin , Feng Wanxi , Yao Xinyu , Chen Fangfang , Gao Yuesheng
Published: May 2024

To improve the hardness and wear resistance of mild steel, A-100 ultra-high-strength steel cladding coatings were prepared on the surface of mild steel by laser cladding. In this study, the effects of laser cladding process parameters on the forming quality, phase composition, microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of the A-100 ultra-high-strength steel cladding coatings were researched. The results show that the main phase of the coating is martensite and a small amount of austenite. The microstructures of the upper part of the cladding coatings are mainly equiaxed grains, while those of the lower part are mainly columnar grains. With an increase in laser specific energy, the microstructures of the cladding coatings become coarse. When the laser specific energy is 70.8 J/mm2, the microhardness of the cladding coating is the highest, and the maximum average microhardness of the cladding coatings is 548.3 HV. When the laser specific energy is low, the wear of the cladding coatings is mainly pitting, while when the laser specific energy is high, the wear type of the cladding coatings is mainly adhesive wear. Moreover, the microhardness and wear resistance of the cladding coatings are reduced if the laser specific energy is too high.
Analysis of Surface Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Milling with Ball-End Milling Cutters Based on Mesoscopic Geometric Features
Authors: Tong Xin , Wang Shoumeng , Wang Xiyue , Qu Qiang
Published: May 2024

In order to further reduce the height of burrs on the surface of the workpiece when milling titanium alloy with ball-end milling cutters and optimize the quality of the workpiece, this article takes the mesoscopic geometric feature of ball-end milling cutters as the research object and establishes the theoretical relationship between the mesoscopic geometric feature parameters and the height of titanium alloy burrs during milling. A milling test platform was built to explore the influence of micro-texture, blunt edge single factor, and their interaction with cutting parameters on the force-thermal characteristics and workpiece burr in the milling process. The influence mechanism was revealed, and the prediction model was established. The results show that the ball-end milling cutter with mesoscopic geometric features was able to suppress burrs, and the burr height was reduced by 21% compared with the non-textured milling cutter. The micro-texture reduced the contact area and improved the heat dissipation conditions, thereby reducing the force-thermal characteristics and thus inhibiting the formation of some burrs. The blunt edge can disperse the stress, diffuse the local heat in the tool–chip contact area, and reduce the burr height. In the interaction test considering cutting parameters, the interaction between R and ap was significant. The optimized parameters based on the simulated annealing algorithm were as follows: the radius of the blunt edge was 33.242 μm, the distance between the texture and the edge was 114.621 μm, the texture diameter was 59.820 μm, the texture spacing L1 was 131.410 μm, the cutting depth ap was 0.310 mm, the cutting speed V was 140.019 mm/min, and the feed f was 60 μm/z. This provides a basis for the study of strengthening the tool to suppress burr size.
Comparative Study of Multilayer Hard Coatings Deposited on WC-Co Hardmetals
Authors: Šnajdar Mateja , Ćorić Danko , Sakoman Matija
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the impact of a multilayered gradient coating, applied via plasma-activated chemical vapor deposition (PACVD), on the structural and mechanical attributes of nanostructured WC-Co cemented carbides. WC-Co samples containing 5 and 15 wt.% Co were synthesized through a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process using nanoparticle powders and coated with two distinct multilayer coatings: titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN). Nanosized grain formation without microstructural defects of the substrates, prior to coating, was confirmed by magnetic saturation and coercivity testing, microstructural analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Nanoindentation, fracture toughness and hardness testing were conducted for uncoated samples. After coatings deposition, characterizations including microscopy, surface roughness determination, adhesion testing, coating thickness measurement, and microhardness examination were conducted. The impact of deposited coatings on wear resistance of produced hardmetals was analyzed via scratch test and dry sliding wear test. Samples with higher Co content exhibited improved adhesion, facilitating surface cleaning and activation before coating. TiN and TiCN coatings demonstrated similar roughness on substrates of identical composition, suggesting Co content’s minimal influence on layer growth. Results of the mechanical tests showed higher microhardness, higher elastic modulus, better adhesion, and overall superior tribological properties of the TiCN coating.
What Insights Do Short-Maturity (7DTE) Return Predictive Regressions Offer about Risk Preferences in the Oil Market?
Authors: Bakshi Gurdip , Gao Xiaohui , Zhang Zhaowei
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate the ability of three higher-order risk-neutral return cumulants to predict short maturity (weekly) returns of oil futures. Our data includes weekly West Texas Crude Oil futures options that expire in 7 days (7DTE). Using a model-free approach, we estimate these risk-neutral return cumulants at the beginning of each options expiration cycle. Our results suggest that the third risk-neutral return cumulant consistently predicts the returns of various oil futures (including WTI, Brent, Dubai, Heating Oil, and RBOB Gasoline). We compare our findings with 14 other predictors and offer a theoretical explanation for the negative coefficient observed for the 7DTE third risk-neutral return cumulant. Our theory connects higher-order risk-neutral return cumulants with the risk premiums of oil futures. Furthermore, our quantitative investment strategy favors the predictability of oil futures returns.
DCTE-LLIE: A Dual Color-and-Texture-Enhancement-Based Method for Low-Light Image Enhancement
Authors: Wang Hua , Cao Jianzhong , Yang Lei , Huang Jijiang
Published: May 2024

The enhancement of images captured under low-light conditions plays a vitally important role in the area of image processing and can significantly affect the performance of following operations. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been leveraged in the area of low-light image enhancement tasks, and deep-learning-based low-light image enhancement methods have been the mainstream for low-light image enhancement tasks. However, due to the inability of existing methods to effectively maintain the color distribution of the original input image and to effectively handle feature descriptions at different scales, the final enhanced image exhibits color distortion and local blurring phenomena. So, in this paper, a novel dual color-and-texture-enhancement-based low-light image enhancement method is proposed, which can effectively enhance low-light images. Firstly, a novel color enhancement block is leveraged to help maintain color distribution during the enhancement process, which can further eliminate the color distortion effect; after that, an attention-based multiscale texture enhancement block is proposed to help the network focus on multiscale local regions and extract more reliable texture representations automatically, and a fusion strategy is leveraged to fuse the multiscale feature representations automatically and finally generate the enhanced reflection component. The experimental results on public datasets and real-world low-light images established the effectiveness of the proposed method on low-light image enhancement tasks.
Two-Phase Fuzzy Real-Time Approach for Fuzzy Demand Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed A. Wahby , Kassem Sally S.
Published: May 2024

Environmental concerns have called for several measures to be taken within the logistics and transportation fields. Among these measures is the adoption of electric vehicles instead of diesel-operated vehicles for personal and commercial-delivery use. The optimized routing of electric vehicles for the commercial delivery of products is the focus of this paper. We study the effect of several practical challenges that are faced when routing electric vehicles. Electric vehicle routing faces the additional challenge of the potential need for recharging while en route, leading to more travel time, and hence cost. Therefore, in this work, we address the issue of electric vehicle routing problem, allowing for partial recharging while en route. In addition, the practical mandate of the time windows set by customers is also considered, where electric vehicle routing problems with soft time windows are studied. Real-life experience shows that the delivery of customers’ demands might be uncertain. In addition, real-time traffic conditions are usually uncertain due to congestion. Therefore, in this work, uncertainties in customers’ demands and traffic conditions are modeled and solved using fuzzy methods. The problems of fuzzy real-time, fuzzy demand, and electric vehicle routing problems with soft time windows are addressed. A mixed-integer programming mathematical model to represent the problem is developed. A novel two-phase solution approach is proposed to solve the problem. In phase I, the classical genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain an optimum/near-optimum solution for the fuzzy demand electric vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (FD-EVRPSTW). In phase II, a novel fuzzy real-time-adaptive optimizer (FRTAO) is developed to overcome the challenges of recharging and real-time traffic conditions facing FD-EVRPSTW. The proposed solution approach is tested on several modified benchmark instances, and the results show the significance of recharging and congestion challenges for routing costs. In addition, the results show the efficiency of the proposed two-phase approach in overcoming the challenges and reducing the total costs.
Dissociative Adsorption of O2 on Ag3Au(111) Surface: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Yu Yanlin , Fu Mingan , Gu Huaizhang , Wang Lei , Liu Wanxiu , Xie Qian , Wu Guojiang
Published: May 2024

The catalytic efficiency of oxygen reduction catalysts is notably influenced by the dissociative adsorption of O2. We conducted a systematic investigation into the dissociative adsorption of O2 on the Ag3Au(111) surface using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our computational findings indicate that adsorption the configuration designated t-b-t exhibits favorable energetics on the Ag3Au(111) surface. Regarding the dissociation of O2, we identified a reasonable dissociation pathway, which proceeds from the initial t-b-t state to the creation of two oxygen atoms that occupy a set of neighboring fcc sites. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the adsorption of O2 on the Ag3Au(111) surface is less favored thermodynamically and more difficult to dissociate than that on the Ag(111) surface. This study furnishes a theoretical framework elucidating the prospective utilization of Ag-Au alloy in the capacity of oxygen reduction catalysts.
Revolutionizing Cardiology through Artificial Intelligence—Big Data from Proactive Prevention to Precise Diagnostics and Cutting-Edge Treatment—A Comprehensive Review of the Past 5 Years
Authors: Stamate Elena , Piraianu Alin-Ionut , Ciobotaru Oana Roxana , Crassas Rodica , Duca Oana , Fulga Ana , Grigore Ionica , Vintila Vlad , Fulga Iuliu , Ciobotaru Octavian Catalin
Published: May 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) can radically change almost every aspect of the human experience. In the medical field, there are numerous applications of AI and subsequently, in a relatively short time, significant progress has been made. Cardiology is not immune to this trend, this fact being supported by the exponential increase in the number of publications in which the algorithms play an important role in data analysis, pattern discovery, identification of anomalies, and therapeutic decision making. Furthermore, with technological development, there have appeared new models of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DP) that are capable of exploring various applications of AI in cardiology, including areas such as prevention, cardiovascular imaging, electrophysiology, interventional cardiology, and many others. In this sense, the present article aims to provide a general vision of the current state of AI use in cardiology. Results: We identified and included a subset of 200 papers directly relevant to the current research covering a wide range of applications. Thus, this paper presents AI applications in cardiovascular imaging, arithmology, clinical or emergency cardiology, cardiovascular prevention, and interventional procedures in a summarized manner. Recent studies from the highly scientific literature demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of using AI in different branches of cardiology. Conclusions: The integration of AI in cardiology offers promising perspectives for increasing accuracy by decreasing the error rate and increasing efficiency in cardiovascular practice. From predicting the risk of sudden death or the ability to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or the early detection of valvular diseases, AI algorithms have shown their potential to mitigate human error and provide feasible solutions. At the same time, limits imposed by the small samples studied are highlighted alongside the challenges presented by ethical implementation; these relate to legal implications regarding responsibility and decision making processes, ensuring patient confidentiality and data security. All these constitute future research directions that will allow the integration of AI in the progress of cardiology.
Does the Addition of Point-of-Care Testing Alter Antibiotic Prescribing Decisions When Patients Present with Acute Sore Throat to Primary Care? A Prospective Test of Change
Authors: Daniels Rob , Miles Esther , Button Karen
Published: May 2024

Accurate clinical diagnosis of patients presenting to primary care settings with acute sore throat remains challenging, often resulting in the over-prescribing of antibiotics. Using point-of-care tests (POCTs) to differentiate between respiratory infections is well-accepted, yet evidence on the application within primary care is sparse. We assessed the application of testing patients (n = 160) from three family practices with suspected Streptococcal infections using rapid molecular tests (ID NOW Strep A2, Abbott). In addition to comparing clinical evaluation and prescription rates with either usual care or testing, patients and staff completed a questionnaire about their experience of molecular POCT in primary care. The immediate availability of the result was important to patients (100%), and staff (≈90%) stated that molecular testing improved the quality of care. Interestingly, only 22.73% of patients with a Centor score > 2 tested positive for Strep A and, overall, less than 50% of Centor scores 3 and 4 tested positive for Strep A with the ID NOW testing platform. The addition of rapid molecular POCTs to clinical assessment resulted in a 55–65% reduction in immediate and deferred antibiotic prescriptions. The intervention was popular with patients and medical staff but was associated with increased cost and a longer appointment length.
White Matter Hyperintensity in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Abouzari Mehdi , Abiri Arash , Tawk Karen , Tsang Cynthia , Patel Beenish , Khoshsar Avissa , Djalilian Hamid R.
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and analyze subpopulations with age-matched controls. Methods: T2-weighted MRI scans of 150 patients with SSNHL were assessed for WMHs and compared with the data of 148 healthy age-matched adults. Assessments of WMHs included independent grading of deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) and periventricular hyperintensities (PVHs). WMH severity was visually rated using the Fazekas and Mirsen scales by two independent observers. Results: Fazekas grades for PVHs (p < 0.001) and DWMHs (p < 0.001) of SSNHL patients were found to be significantly greater than those of healthy participants. The average Mirsen grades for DWMHs of healthy and SSNHL patients were evaluated to be 0.373 ± 0.550 and 2.140 ± 0.859, respectively. Mirsen grades for DWMHs of SSNHL patients were found to be significantly greater (p < 0.001) than those of healthy participants. The Mirsen scale was found to have higher sensitivity (p < 0.001) than the Fazekas scale in grading PVHs and DWMHs. No significant difference (p = 0.24) was found in specificities between the two scales. Conclusions: Patients with sudden hearing loss have a much higher likelihood of having periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities compared to age-matched controls. These findings indicate that sudden hearing loss patients are more likely to have microvascular changes in the brain, which may indicate a vascular and/or migraine origin to sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
A Study on an IoT-Based SCADA System for Photovoltaic Utility Plants
Authors: Ferlito Sergio , Ippolito Salvatore , Santagata Celestino , Schiattarella Paolo , Di Francia Girolamo
Published: May 2024

Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) electricity production plants rely on reliable operation and maintenance (O&M) systems, often operated by means of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) platforms aimed at limiting, as much as possible, the intrinsic volatility of this energy resource. The current trend is to develop SCADAs that achieve the finest possible control of the system components to efficiently and effectively cope with possible energy delivery problems. In this study, we investigated an innovative design of an IoT-based SCADA specifically tailored for large PV systems in which data transmission overheads are reduced by adopting lightweight protocols, and reliable data storage is achieved by means of hybrid solutions that allow the storage of historical data, enabling accurate performance analysis and predictive maintenance protocols. The proposed solution relies on an architecture where independent functional microservices handle specific tasks, ensuring scalability and fault tolerance. The technical approaches for IoT-SCADA connectivity are herein described in detail, comparing different possible technical choices. The proposed IoT-based SCADA is based on edge computing for latency reduction and to enhance real-time decision making, enabling scalability, and centralized management while leveraging cloud services. The resulting hybrid solutions that combine edge and cloud resources offer a balance between responsiveness and scalability. Finally, in the study, a blockchain solution was taken into account to certify energy data, ensuring traceability, security, and reliability in commercial transactions.