bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bat guano and historical evidence of climate changes in the west of Iran during the Late Holocene (Meghalayan Stage)
Authors: Esfandiary Darabad Fariba , Maghsoudi Mehran , Rahimi Omid
Published: December 2019

An 86 cm thick sequence of bat guano layers in the Kolatarika Cave in Kurdistan province in the west of Iran was analysed. The sequence was radiocarbon dated and covers an age of approximately 4060 years. The results of geochemical data, statistical studies, along with the investigation, analysis and explanation of historical sources indicate the presence of warm and dry climate conditions between ca 2100 BC and 800 CE. These were contemporaneous with the occurrence of periods of drought and famine during the Achaemenid and Sassanid empires, and might have been was one of the causes of their ‘collapse. The existence of humid climate conditions between 800 and 1450 AD was contemporaneous with the period of Medieval Climate Anomaly and the historically documented prosperity of farms and agriculture during the Seljuk dynasties, the Samanids, and the rise of rainfall and river floods during the period of the Abbasid caliphate. The presence of cold and humid climate conditions between ca 1600 and 1750 AD was consistent with the so-called Little Ice Age and the Maunder Minimum. After this period, the climate of this area changed to warm and dry which was contemporaneous with the occurrence of famine and subsequent droughts of the late Safavid and Qajar dynasties in Iran.Key words: palaeoclimate, geochemistry, Little Ice Age, Medieval Climate Anomaly, Kolatarika Cave, Iran.Poznoholocenske podnebne spremembe v zahodnem Iranu: analize netopirskega gvana in zgodovinskih dokumentovV članku predstavimo analize 86 centimetrov debelega zaporedja plasti netopirskega gvana v jami Kolatarika v provinci Kurdistan, Zahodni Iran. Radiometrično ugotovljen starostni razpon gvana obsega zadnjih 4060 let. Statistična obravnava geokemičnih analiz gvana in raziskava zgodovinskih virov kažeta na toplo in suho podnebje v obdobju 2100 pr. n. št. in 800 n. št. To sovpada s sušami in lakoto v času ahamenidskega in sasanidskega cesarstva, kar je bil najverjetneje tudi vzrok njunega propada. Analize gvana kažejo na vlažno podnebje med 800 n. št. in 1450 n. št., kar ustreza srednjeveški podnebni anomaliji in obdobju razvoja kmetijstva in blaginje v času dinastij Seldžukov in Samanidov. Vlažno podnebje s padavinami je povzročilo tudi poplavljanje rek v času abasidskega kalifata. Hladno in vlažno obdobje med letoma 1600 in 1700 sovpada z malo ledeno dobo oziroma Maunderjevim minimumom. Po tem obdobju podnebje postane toplejše in bolj suho, kar spet sovpada z lakoto in sušami v poznem obdobju safavidske in kadžarske dinastije v Iranu.Ključne besede: paleoklima, geokemija, mala ledena doba, srednjeveška podnebna anomalija, jama Kolatarika, Iran.
Aux origines du théâtre à Rome: l’excursus livien
Authors: Paré-Rey Pascale
Published: December 2019

[fr] Nous proposons de relire la fameuse notice de Tite-Live sur l’introduction du théâtre à Rome en nous demandant s’il nous apprend véritablement ce que furent les origines de cette pratique, et, le cas échéant, ce qu’il nous propose de différent ou de complémentaire. Cette question sera traitée grâce à l’examen de la structure du passage et de sa situation dans l’économie de l’histoire livienne; grâce à la lecture des étapes parcourues par l’historien; grâce à l’analyse des questions soulevées par l’apparition des ludi scaenici et par le rôle de Livius Andronicus.
Ofidios y calor estivo: una enmienda necesaria en el texto de Plinio (Nat. XXIX 71)
Authors: Ferraces Rodríguez Arsenio
Published: December 2019

Según Plinio (Nat. XXIX 71) la culebra no es venenosa, pero puede llegar a serlo durante un período de tiempo por influjo de la luna (neque anguis uenenatus est nisi per mensem luna instigatus). La lectura per mensem carece de sentido porque los ofidios permanecen en letargo durante la época invernal. Por tanto, per mensem no puede hacer referencia a un mes cualquiera del año. Un pasaje de Gargilio Marcial y un testigo de la tradición indirecta de la Naturalis Historia apoyan la corrección per messem. De este modo, el pasaje en discusión se hace transparente y la doctrina de Plinio concuerda con la realidad: la culebra se vuelve venenosa en época estival, cuando tiene lugar la siega de la mies (messis).
Ausonio, Par. praef. uers. 15-18 y Marcial VI 28.10
Authors: López-Cañete Quiles Daniel
Published: December 2019

En la primera sección de este trabajo se someten a crítica las interpretaciones del pasaje de Ausonio propuestas por Green (1991) y Lolli (1997) y se refuerza la interpretación tradicional de praeter iustum, al tiempo que se analizan otros aspectos de esta expresión. En § 2 se investiga cómo lecturas alternativas del pasaje de Ausonio, como la defendida por Green o la conjetura de Barth a iustum (codd.) > nostrum (1624), son consecuentes con el cotejo de Mart. VI 28.10, paralelo citado por esos estudiosos según el texto de todas las ediciones antiguas y modernas (qui fles talia, nil fleas, uiator). Se razona que el texto e interpretación tradicionales de Ausonio y un texto repuntuado de Marcial (qui fles, talia nil fleas, uiator, según propuesta de Salanitro, 1996 / qui fles, tale nihil fleas uiator, según propuesta propia) son mutuamente coherentes y se prestan apoyo filológico recíproco (§§ 2-3).
El concepto de amistad en Kant
Authors: Rivadulla Durán Almudena
Published: December 2019

La investigación sobre la cuestión de la amistad en Kant es muy reciente y escasa. Sin embargo, es un tema que él mismo ubicó como conclusión de la doctrina de la virtud, lo cual le concede cierto protagonismo. En este trabajo se defiende que la aproximación kantiana a la amistad, tal y como se desprende del análisis de los textos de la Metafísica de las costumbres, y de las Lecciones de ética, presenta virtualidades que conectan particularmente con nuestra sensibilidad contemporánea y, lejos de ser un tema marginal en su ética, representa uno de sus momentos culminantes.
Reflexiones sobre la concepción y ejercicio del derecho: corrupción y regeneración jurídicas en torno a los actos judiciales
Authors: Vega Pasquín Rafael
Published: December 2019

Este artículo trata de afrontar ciertas dificultades y escollos que presenta el análisis del derecho contemporáneo. ¿Es posible todavía formular nuevas concepciones del derecho? ¿Cabe mantener una relación recíproca entre la teoría y la práctica del derecho? Dada la transversalidad de la problemática, sintéticamente se podría decir que los aspectos teóricos de la Legislación y la Jurisprudencia han de concordar con los aspectos prácticos. Pero ¿cómo alcanzar en el Estado Constitucional contemporáneo lo justo general para la ley y lo justo particular para la sentencia? Ante la amplitud y complejidad de estos problemas el autor de este artículo se centra básicamente en aproximarse a lo que denomina el acto judicial equitativo.
Dos principios retrospectivos de justicia climática
Authors: González Ricoy Iñigo
Published: December 2019

El artículo analiza dos principios retrospectivos sobre cómo deberían distribuirse los costes de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático. Según el principio de responsabilidad histórica, dichos costes deberían ser asumidos por quienes han causado el cambio climático. Según el principio del beneficio, deberían ser asumidos por los beneficiarios de las actividades causantes del cambio climático, con independencia de que hayan contribuido a ellas o no. El artículo presenta los principios y sus implicaciones, analiza sus principales problemas y argumenta que una combinación de ambos resuelve dichos problemas y proporciona una respuesta adecuada sobre cómo distribuir los costes de mitigación y adaptación.
Entre « traces » et jugements moraux : des « matérialités » qui forgent les corps, les crimes et les victimes
Authors: Nadai Larissa , Veiga Cilmara
Published: December 2019

Cet article met en rapport deux champs empiriques distincts. Dans la première section, Larissa Nadai s’attache aux cours de médecine légale, aux bibliographies techniques de sexologie médico-légale et aux expertises des éléments matériels du délit ou du crime faites par l’Institut médico-légal de Campinas, dans l’État de São Paulo. Dans la deuxième section, Cilmara Veiga analyse des articles de journaux et des documents officiels produits pendant un procès au pénal qui a fait suite à une série de cinq crimes ayant secoué la ville de Juiz de Fora dans l’État de Minas Gerais au cours des années 1990. La mise en dialogue de ces matériaux ethnographiques disjoints permet de montrer que la violence sexuelle et sa caractérisation en tant que crime de viol constituent un lieu privilégié pour penser les « matérialités » en relation avec les pratiques de l’État. En montrant comment cette notion est, en elle-même, une puissante ruse technique, scientifique et bureaucratique, nous cherchons à dévoiler les mécanismes profondément genrés au moyen desquels les corps, les crimes et les criminels sont gouvernés.
As artes e a cultura nas práticas hegemónicas e alternativas na cidade de Lisboa. O caso do Largo do Intendente
Authors: Estevens Ana , Cocola-Gant Agustín , Calvo Daniel Malet , Matos Filipe
Published: December 2019

A arte, a cultura e a criatividade são, atualmente, vendidas como um símbolo de status e passaram a fazer parte de narrativas e práticas hegemónicas relacionadas com processos de regeneração. Neste artigo, examinamos as contradições e as tensões entre a implementação de políticas públicas de regeneração urbana e a emergência de espaços alternativos culturais e artísticos, utilizando como estudo de caso o Largo do Intendente. Utilizando uma perspetiva crítica e métodos cruzados (entrevistas, observação e registo etnográfico), analisámos o papel das artes e da cultura no processo de gentrificação promovido pelas políticas públicas. Num momento de rápidas mudanças, onde os mesmos modelos são usados em diversas cidades por todo o mundo, importa continuar a acompanhar e a perceber o modo como na cidade de Lisboa estes processos se manifestam.
O terceiro lado do muro. A arte e as suas cidades
Authors: Pussetti Chiara , Barros Vitor
Published: December 2019

Este ensaio pretende, a partir da observação etnográfica de expressões de arte urbana embemáticas na cidade de Lisboa e de uma reflexão comparativa entre distinctive cities (Markusen, 2004), criar uma narrativa que percorra os principais vectores da transformação do universo da arte urbana na última década. Tentando reproduzir o estilo ensaístico e as modalidades narrativas que estiveram na origem desta reflexão, traçaremos um percurso através dos debates principais sobre arte urbana, mostrando no seu conjunto a heterogeneidade dos processos e das forças que condicionam a presença artística no espaço urbano e delineando futuras hipóteses de pesquisa. O objetivo desta reflexão será conduzir o leitor a a) observar os efeitos da progressiva influência da gramática do empreendedorismo; b) inquirir os dispositivos regulatórios criados – novos agentes, instituições e legislação, seja para punir ou fomentar a sua produção; c) analisar a relação material e sensorial da arte urbana com a própria cidade – da sua normativização estética à reificação da propriedade ou à consolidação da “cidade legislada”; d) integrar a arte urbana no processo mais alargado de divisão estrutural da cultura que, por um lado, é absorvida pela narrativa hegemónica das indústrias criativas e, por outro, permeia o tecido social, promovendo a participação ou a coesão social; e) examinar estas transformações da arte urbana no quadro da construção da cidade contemporânea e, em particular, do seu espaço público.
Ciência, tecnologias emergentes e sociedade : o caso dos debates sobre nanotecnologias em Portugal
Authors: Quevedo Josemari , Carvalho António , Fonseca Paulo , Nunes João Arriscado
Published: December 2019

Este artigo explora o envolvimento público com nanotecnologias em Portugal, centrando-se em dois estudos de caso : o projeto europeu DEEPEN (Deepening Ethical Engagement and Participation in Emerging Nanotechnologies), que envolveu o Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra, e o Laboratório Internacional Ibérico de Nanotecnologias (INL) em Braga.Através do recurso a literatura no âmbito dos Estudos de Ciência e Tecnologia e de metodologias qualitativas – grupos de discussão, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante –, argumenta-se que os dois estudos de caso exibem distintas ecologias de participação e formas de operacionalizar a relação entre ciência e sociedade. O artigo reforça o papel das dimensões metodológicas, institucionais e materiais na construção dos dispositivos de envolvimento público com tecnologias, assim como a dificuldade em integrar os cientistas sociais na investigação sobre as nanotecnologias.
Les managers de proximité sont-ils les acteurs d’une forme d’empowerment ?
Authors: Benedetto-Meyer Marie
Published: December 2019

A l’heure où la « transformation digitale » est au cœur des discours et des politiques de changement dans un grand nombre d’entreprises, l’accompagnement de ces transformations se fonde-t-il sur des démarches participatives et favorise-t-il le « pouvoir d’agir » des salariés ? Pour avancer quelques éléments de réponse à cette question, l’article se fonde sur une recherche réalisée auprès de managers de proximité dans une grande entreprise. Les résultats montrent tout d’abord que la diffusion du numérique est source d’inquiétudes pour les managers, devant faire face aux attitudes et réactions différenciées des salariés, et au risque de voir se creuser des écarts voire des inégalités dans les usages. Conscients de ce risque, les managers développent des pratiques qui visent à donner du « sens » aux évolutions et à favoriser l’appropriation des outils numériques. L’analyse des actions managériales montre que, si elles ne peuvent être toutes qualifiées d’empowerment, elles témoignent d’une volonté d’articuler, au plus près du quotidien des salariés, innovations technologiques, logiques productives et identités de métier, et favoriser l’appropriation, sans pour autant rompre avec une vision classique de la fonction managériale ni remettre en cause les prérogatives des encadrants.
Empowerment des femmes par les technologies numériques : pouvoir avec, pouvoir pour et pouvoir intérieur
Authors: Morley Chantal , Kuntz Pascale
Published: December 2019

L’objectif de l’article est de montrer des formes émergentes d’un empowerment des femmes dans et par le numérique. En nous fondant une typologie des formes de pouvoir souvent utilisée par les auteur.e.s féministes, nous décrivons trois types de processus d’empowerment. Le premier s’appuie sur la force du collectif et est appelé pouvoir avec, et nous l’illustrons par le phénomène des réseaux de femmes qui augmentent leur capacité à entrer et/ou à agir dans le numérique. Le second correspond au pouvoir pour et ce processus est illustré par le mouvement de la « femtech » et des applications technologiques permettant aux femmes d’augmenter la maîtrise de leur corps. Le troisième est celui du pouvoir intérieur, qui renvoie au dépassement d’une domination intériorisée, et que nous illustrons par la première vague du cyberféminisme.
Managing and Adapting Library Information Services for Future Users
Authors: Chemulwo Monicah Jemeli , Sirorei Emily Chepkirui
Published: December 2019

The advance of artificial intelligence (AI) as a field of computer science that can impact and improve all sciences and human interactions is changing the information sector. AI is reconfiguring many library tasks such as classification, indexing, cataloguing, information retrieval, reference, information literacy, and even learning. It is the greatest usable intelligence that has the capacity of assisting librarians in decision making and administration. AI can also be employed in various areas such as speech recognition, machine transformation, and librarian robots. The very disruptive nature of any novel technology can be perceived as a risk to many organizations, including libraries. However, the ultimate acceptance and integration of artificial intelligence into library services is indeed possible and beneficial.
Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for Built Heritage Enhancement
Authors: Banfi Fabrizio , Oreni Daniela
Published: December 2019

The latest developments in the field of generative modeling and building information modeling for heritage building (HBIM) have allowed the authors to increase the level of transmissibility of information through the most modern techniques of virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR). This chapter summarises the last years of applied research in the field of three-dimensional modeling oriented to digitise and correctly represent the built heritage thanks to the integration of the most modern three-dimensional survey techniques with a scan-to-BIM process based on new grades of generation (GOG) and accuracy (GOA). The new paradigm of the complexity of the built heritage, its tangible and intangible values, have been shared through new immersive ways able to increase the information contents and the knowledge accumulated in the last years of one of the most representative and unique buildings of the Lombard architecture: the Cà Granda in Milan.
Servant Leadership and Nonprofit Management
Authors: Ozbek Omer F.
Published: December 2019

This chapter analyzes servant leadership theory from the perspective of Islamic nonprofits. It is one of the rare management science approaches to examining Islamic nonprofits and waqfs. Definitions and characteristics of servant leaders are derived from major studies on servant leadership, and outcomes for nonprofit organizations are discussed based on available evidence in the literature. Servant leadership is compared to other major leadership theories and examined in cultural context. Although the studies in the West dominate the servant leadership literature, it is argued that the philosophy of a servant leader is deeply rooted in other cultures and faiths, particularly Islamic tradition. The author examines whether servant leadership fits the leadership definitions in recent studies on Islamic leadership. There is also a comparison of the Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA) for servant leadership and the Islamic Leadership Inventory (ILI). The author points to gaps in the literature and provides suggestions for future research.
A Waqf-Integrated Reporting (WAQIR) Model
Authors: Masruki Rosnia , Mohd Hanefah Mustafa , Kamaruddin Muhammad Iqmal Hisham
Published: December 2019

This chapter proposes the best reporting practices for waqf institutions, concerning information disclosure on performance, governance, and socio-economic impact using the waqf integrated reporting (WAQIR) model. The WAQIR model is viewed as a comprehensive reporting tool for waqf institutions. This study reviewed previous literature and reporting guidelines for waqf and similar organisations, such as not-for-profit and faith-based organisations, to identify the appropriate measurements for disclosure, limited not only to the input and output of the waqf project, but also its governance and socio-economic impact. Based on the review, the WAQIR model is explicated with four pillars of disclosure: (i) waqf financial and non-financial; (ii) waqf governance; (iii) waqf performance; and (iv) waqf socio-economic impact. The proposed WAQIR model would be useful for waqf institutions in implementing best waqf reporting practices. This could help them to enhance their accountability and to promote transparency, enabling the sustainability of the entire waqf management practices.
Intelligent Processes in Automated Production Involving Industry 4.0 Technologies and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Contuzzi Nicola , Galiano Angelo
Published: December 2019

The chapter presents different case studies involving technology upgrading involving Industry 4.0 technologies and artificial intelligence. The work analyzes four cases of study of industry projects related to manufacturing process of kitchen, tank production, pasta production, and electronic welding check. All the cases of study concern the analysis of engineered processes and the inline implementation of image vision techniques. The chapter discusses other topics involved in the production process such as augmented reality, quality prediction and predictive maintenance. The classic methodologies to map production processes are matched with innovative technologies of image segmentation and data mining predicting defects, machine failures, and product quality. The goal of the chapter is to prove how the combination of image processing techniques, data mining approaches, process simulation, chart process modeling, and process reengineering can constitute a scientific research project in industry research.
Hybrid Dynamic Modelling and Bioinspired Control Based on Central Pattern Generator of Biped Robotic Gait
Authors: Izquierdo-Córdoba Luis Miguel , Maurício Rosário João , Amaya Hurtado Darío
Published: December 2019

This chapter presents the theoretical foundations and methodology to develop a bioinspired hybrid control architecture for a biped robotic device that reproduces gait and human motor control strategies with the ability to adapt the trajectory to environmental conditions. The objective is to design robotic devices (such as exoskeletons), through the functional integration of hybrid dynamic system modeling (event-driven and continuous dynamics) with efficient and robust conventional control techniques and bioinspired control algorithms, with a near-natural human gait pattern. The human gait cycle is modeled as a hybrid dynamic using a finite state machine (FSM). The gait trajectories are to be generated in such a way that they will be capable of adapting to disturbances in the path followed by the robotic device; this will be achieved using a neuronal oscillator that simulates the behavior of a central pattern generator (CPG).
Autonomous Surgical Robotics at Task and Subtask Levels
Authors: Nagy Tamás Dániel , Haidegger Tamás
Published: December 2019

The revolution of minimally invasive procedures had a significant influence on surgical practice, opening the way to laparoscopic surgery, then evolving into robotics surgery. Teleoperated master-slave robots, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, has become a standard of care during the last few decades, performing over a million procedures per year worldwide. Many believe that the next big step in the evolution of surgery is partial automation, which would ease the cognitive load on the surgeon, making them possible to pay more attention on the critical parts of the intervention. Partial and sequential introduction and increase of autonomous capabilities could provide a safe way towards Surgery 4.0. Unfortunately, autonomy in the given environment, consisting mostly of soft organs, suffers from grave difficulties. In this chapter, the current research directions of subtask automation in surgery are to be presented, introducing the recent advances in motion planning, perception, and human-machine interaction, along with the limitations of the task-level autonomy.
The Pedagogy That Makes the Students Act Collaboratively and Open Educational Practices
Authors: Nobre Ana
Published: December 2019

Web 2.0 has transformed the way people interact in the internet, creating new challenges to the production and sharing of information and knowledge. This need is also felt in the educational context, as teachers have to adapt their strategies and methodologies to the digital information and communication technologies in order to take advantage of the tools of collaborative work. To stimulate discussion and fomentation of pedagogical use of DICT, the authors present in this chapter the experience of collective construction of teaching materials that involved the blog as a tool, which allows relational connectivity, hypertextuality, and interactivity between subjects of synchronous and/or asynchronous mode. The study is exploratory and documental in nature, which include the areas of studies on ICT, Web 2.0, and blog use by teachers and students.
Towards a Model for Online Pedagogical Support
Authors: Hrich Najoua , Lazaar Mohamed , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: December 2019

During recent years, the notion of pedagogical support is very widespread. Learners who encounter difficulties during their learning process use the pedagogical support to overcome these difficulties. Even learners who don't have any difficulty or are in full academic success use it to increase their grades and/or to provide for important competitions and exams. Several kinds of research reveal that the major problem of the adaptation into e-learning systems is due to the fact that the accent is put mainly on the technological tools to the detriment of the pedagogical aspect. In this chapter, authors present a model of an online pedagogical support based on a combination of different pedagogical approaches that marked the teaching-learning process in recent decades to present an efficient assessment which allow to diagnose learners' cognitive state and to offer adapted remediation according to the two main facets of a learner model, which are the cognitive state and the learning styles.
Improving Algorithms for Learning Radial Basic Functions Networks to Solve the Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Gorbachenko Vladimir , Savenkov Konstantin
Published: December 2019

Digital twins are widely used in modern industry. A digital twin is a computer model that copies the behavior of a physical object. Digital twins of objects with distributed parameters are mathematically boundary value problems for partial differential equation. Traditionally, such problems are solved by finite difference and finite element methods, which require a complex grid construction procedure. The numerical solution of boundary value problems employs mesh less methods that do not require grid construction. Among mesh fewer methods, projection methods that use radial basis functions (RBFs) as basic functions are popular. Methods using RBF allow us to obtain a differentiable solution at any point in the solution domain, applicable to problems of arbitrary dimension with complex computational domains. When solving the problem, the parameters of the basic functions are selected, and the weights are calculated so that the residuals obtained after the substitution of the approximate solution at the test points in the equation are zero.
Design of Avatars With “Differential” Logic
Authors: Chernyshenko Serge V.
Published: December 2019

The chapter is devoted to the analysis of possibilities in designing dynamic properties of avatars in multi-agent systems. It is shown that determination of “differential logic” of avatars, based on the use of differential equations, gives sufficient flexibility in describing their behavior over time. At the same time, the differential description usually involves a smooth response of the object to external or internal influences, which for avatars is usually not correct. To eliminate this weak point, it is proposed to use the technology of internal bifurcations, which allows to simulate discontinues effects in the avatar dynamics. It is shown that even when using relatively simple quadratic models of the Lotka-Volterra type, the technique allows to describe rather complex information interactions in the multi-agent systems.
Optimizing the Production Parameters of Peasant Holdings for Industrial Development in the Digitalization Era
Authors: Tuskov Andrey , Goldina Anna , Luzgina Olga , Salnikova Olga
Published: December 2019

One of the determining factors for ensuring regional food security is the sectoral structure of production. It determines the specialization and combination of industries, on which the degree of tension, balance, and economic efficiency of the production program of peasant farming depends. This is achieved subject to the proportionality of the elements of the sectoral complex. For this, it is necessary to coordinate production volumes with available resources, the level of intensification of crop production and animal husbandry, the size of crops, individual crops, and livestock, etc. The size of peasant farms and their structure (the composition and area of land, the combination and size of main and additional industries, the structure of crops) depend on many natural and economic factors. There are various options for the organization of production and territory for the same farming with certain resources of land, labor, and capital. The main task is to choose the optimal one that corresponds to the interests of the farmer and gives the maximum economic effect.
Hybrid Approach of Modified AES
Authors: Amine Filali Mohamed , Abdelkader Gafour
Published: December 2019

Advanced Encryption Standard is one of the most popular symmetric key encryption algorithms to many works, which have employed to implement modified AES. In this paper, the modification that has been proposed on AES algorithm that has been developed to decrease its time complexity on bulky data and increased security will be included using the image as input data. The modification proposed itself including alteration in the mix column and shift rows transformation of AES encryption algorithm, embedding confusion-diffusion. This work has been implemented on the most recent Xilinx Spartan FPGA.
Analysis of the Quality of Relationships in the Footwear Sector
Authors: Benítez Gaibor Marcela Karina , Martínez Mesías Juan Pablo
Published: December 2019

The objective of the study is to propose a methodology and measures for the assessment of relationship quality between producers and clients and between producers and suppliers of the footwear sector. For this purpose, a principal component factor analysis (PCA) has been applied on a sample of footwear producers of Tungurahua, Ecuador. The PCA analysis included the seven dimensions of relational coordination theory and other three dimensions, such as trust, cooperation, and satisfaction. Results show that the quality of relationships is composed by two factors, one related to communication and one related to relationships. Some changes occur in these dimensions depending on the stakeholders involved in the relationship. The scores of the components resulted from the PCA analysis were used to calculate communication and relationship indexes. Additionally, a correlation analysis has been performed showing a positive correlation between communication and relationships dimensions in both producers-clients relationship and producers-suppliers relationship.
Eurasian Regionalism
Authors: Mikhaylenko Ekaterina , Mikhaylenko Valeriy
Published: December 2019

The term ‘Eurasia' is an ambiguous concept that includes in different studies: ‘Greater Eurasia', which is associated with the Eurasian continent; ‘Central Eurasia' as a post-Soviet space; and the term Eurasia can be associated with specific integration projects in Eurasia, such as Eurasian Economic Union. This chapter defines Eurasian regionalism and prospects for its development. Authors analyze modern scientific discourse around Eurasian integration and Eurasian regionalism. They examine modern approaches to regionalism and identify some of the distinctive features of the construction of regions.
Armenia's Approach to Eurasian Integration
Authors: Dunamalyan Norayr
Published: December 2019

The Armenian view on Eurasian integration is multidimensional, as it includes various ideological, historical, political, and economic aspects that simultaneously contradicts to the classical Eurasianism, but gets along with the political and economic contexts of this phenomenon. Joining CSTO and the EAEU is explained by searching political and economic stability in regional integrative projects, as well as within a country. Highlighting three levels of reflection of Eurasian integration allows observing a large gap of state, public, and diasporic approaches to understanding and mastering the idea of integration in the post-Soviet space. However, there is no split in the Armenian public opinion as the initial prerequisite for Armenia's participation in the Eurasian integrative project concerning the political and economic aspects. Another feature of the Armenian approach to the CSTO and the EAEU is the consideration of these projects in the general direction of Russian-Armenian relationship, rather than a scrutiny of multilateral cooperation.
Stakeholder Engagement in the Digital Era
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail Y. , Solovyova Valeria , Nikishova Maria I. , Olshanskaya Maria
Published: December 2019

The chapter discusses the issues of corporate interaction of stakeholders in the digital age. The authors identified the characteristic features and practices of the interaction of companies with various categories of stakeholders. The study analyzed key stakeholders of the companies, channels of interaction, and significant topics for discussion. The authors note the importance of the process of managing interaction with stakeholders, balance of interests, building an understandable communication strategy in the process of digital business transformation.
What to Expect From Artificial Intelligence in Business
Authors: Verhezen Peter
Published: December 2019

We are increasingly living in a digital world, where companies attempt to adapt to a new context of Industry 4.0. The authors believe that artificial intelligence and the use of logarithms will alter the game of competition. Digitization is moving our economy away from “financial capitalism” to “data capitalism,” and companies and their boards need to adopt the way they operate and steer the organization to new ecosystems where personalized service becomes part of the new digital strategy. Basically, it is not a battle of AI versus humans, but rather finding a way to enhance the collaboration of AI and humans in organizations. Despite the enormous potential benefits of AI, boards should not ignore the darker side of AI, namely the potential biasedness and sometimes unfairness of algorithms and privacy concerns and the ubiquitous cyberthreats. This is why proper data governance at the board level is needed. The authors suggest that this becomes a critical success factor to be addressed at boards, either as part of the risk management or strategic committee or as a separated digitization committee.
Corporate Governance Efficiency
Authors: Endutkin Sergey Nikolaevich
Published: December 2019

Since the time of the first corporations, shareholders have expected boards to manage corporate governance processes in the best way. At the same time, the era of digital technology can significantly increase the effectiveness of corporate governance procedures through automation of corporate governance procedures as business processes. The board of directors and the corporate secretary can rely on performance indicators and manage the effectiveness of corporate governance processes. This chapter discusses opportunities for improving the business processes, including automation and analytics. The author considers approaches to project management of corporate governance procedures automation and its limitations.
Lean Logistics in the 2020s and a Cast Study About Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Toyota Boshoku Turkey
Authors: Cil Ibrahim , Demir Halil Ibrahim , Yaman Berfin
Published: December 2019

Logistics, getting the right product in the right place at the right time to the right customer, is one of the most important functions in large companies. Toyota is one of the world's leading companies in many aspects of successful business practice, particularly in logistics. The techniques developed in the company since the 1950s provide a competitive advantage to Toyota and provide efficiency in many business functions with supply chain management. For that reason, it is imperative to understand how lean logistics practices are applied in the Toyota Boshoku Turkey(TBT). This chapter examines practical logistics applications in TBT, one of the suppliers of Toyota located outside of Japan. In addition to theoretical research, it is also important that practical applications in enterprises such as a Toyota plant contribute to the literature. Consequently, as a case study, discussion and explanation of logistics and supply chains of TBT will spark reader interest.
Reconsidering a System for Measuring Dynamic Knowledge
Authors: Nissen Mark E.
Published: December 2019

It is axiomatic to say that knowledge is key to competitive advantage, but it is inherently invisible, intangible, and resistant to quantification, particularly when in dynamic motion. Recent research builds upon emerging knowledge measurement techniques and well-established knowledge flow theory to develop a system for measuring dynamic knowledge in the organization. Results from application to archetypical organization processes are encouraging and highly consistent with extant theory. The research described in this chapter summarizes three notable extensions to such work. It makes a theoretic contribution by extending a coherent approach to dynamic knowledge measurement, and it makes a practical contribution through illustration in the organization context. A related goal is to stimulate considerable thinking, discussion, debate, and continued research.
How to Educate to Build an Effective Cyber Resilient Society
Authors: Barbosa Jorge
Published: December 2019

The possibility that computers, in particular, personal computers, can be used for harmful actions affecting global computer systems as a whole, due to two main reasons: (1) hardware and / or software failures, which are caused by problems related to their manufacture which must be solved by their respective manufacturers and (2) failures due to actions or inactions of their users, in particular people with low computer skills, people of very low age groups, e.g. children, or very old age groups, e.g. ageing people, or others without a minimum of computer skills. This problem is aggravated by the continuous proliferation of equipment, namely mobile devices, IOT devices and others that have Internet connectivity, namely through a browser. There are the possible ways in the area of cyber education that can contribute to cyber resilience of society and these are developed in this work.
Fuzzy Transportation Problem by Using Triangular, Pentagonal and Heptagonal Fuzzy Numbers With Lagrange's Polynomial to Approximate Fuzzy Cost for Nonagon and Hendecagon
Authors: Mhaske Ashok Sahebrao , Bondar Kirankumar Laxmanrao
Published: December 2019

The transportation problem is a main branch of operational research and its main objective is to transport a single uniform good which are initially stored at several origins to different destinations in such a way that the total transportation cost is minimum. In real life applications, available supply and forecast demand, are often fuzzy because some information is incomplete or unavailable. In this article, the authors have converted the crisp transportation problem into the fuzzy transportation problem by using various types of fuzzy numbers such as triangular, pentagonal, and heptagonal fuzzy numbers. This article compares the minimum fuzzy transportation cost obtained from the different method and in the last section, the authors introduce the Lagrange's polynomial to determine the approximate fuzzy transportation cost for the nanogon (n = 9) and hendecagon (n = 11) fuzzy numbers.
An Analysis of Human Emotions by Utilizing Wavelet Features
Authors: Ji Soo-Yeon , Jeong Bong Keun , Jeong Dong Hyun
Published: December 2019

Human emotion recognition is critical to people managing their stress and emotions. Although many innovative techniques have been proposed to recognize human emotions, it is still challenging to understand the emotions due to individual differences in the diversity of emotions. This article focuses on analyzing the emotions computationally. In detail, a wavelet transform technique is utilized to extract significant features and find patterns in an emotion dataset. With the extracted features, both classification and visual analysis are performed. For the classification, Logistic Regression, C4.5, and Support Vector Machine are used. Visualization approaches are also utilized to represent similarities and differences among the emotion patterns. From the analysis, the authors found that the proposed method shows an improvement in identifying the differences among the emotions.
Bug Bounty Marketplaces and Enabling Responsible Vulnerability Disclosure
Authors: Subramanian Hemang Chamakuzhi , Malladi Suresh
Published: December 2019

Cybercrime caused by exploited vulnerabilities bears a huge burden on societies. Most of these vulnerabilities are detectable, and the damage is preventable if software vendors and firms that deploy such software adopt right practices. Bug Bounty Programs (BBPs) by vendors and intermediaries are one of the most important creations in recent years, that helps software vendors to create marketplaces and to detect and prevent such exploits. This article develops the theory of BBPs and present a typology of BBPs using established theories of incentive compatibility and mechanism design. The authors empirically analyze the market creation function of BBPs using granular data from two different types of BBPs on a popular intermediary platform. The research findings suggest that BBPs are valuable opportunities to source vulnerabilities in software; nevertheless, the rate of disclosure and hacker participation marginally increases with vendor's rewards and other incentives. Similarly, the results show that security researchers are motivated to contribute to BBPs that offer higher remuneration and not just those programs with a higher likelihood for bug discovery. Our findings will help researchers and practitioners in information security and allied domains to develop a theoretical and empirical perspective of BBPs, and their usefulness to curb incidents of cybercrime.
Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in High-Grade Glioma Patients Treated with Postoperative Radiochemotherapy
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xiao Fengxia , Qi Fei , Song Xiaopeng , Yu Yonghua
Published: December 2019

PurposeFractionated radiotherapy as well as concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy such as temozolomide for postoperative high-grade glioma (HGG) patients improves progression-free survival and overall survival. Multiple factors such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tumor grade, residual tumor volume, and genetic modifications might play a role in the formation of cognitive impairment. The risk factors of cognitive impairment in postoperative patients with HGG receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy remains a concern in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients of postoperative HGG.Materials and MethodsA total of 229 patients with HGG who underwent surgery were analyzed. Cognitive impairment was defined as a decrease of Cognitive Assessment Montreal (MoCA)’s score in at least two cognitive domains or any MoCA’s score of less than 26 points at the time of study compared with baseline level. Multiple potential risk factors including methylated status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, glioma World Health Organization (WHO) grade, residual tumor volume, education, and sex were analyzed. Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to detect the significant risk factors for cognitive impairment.ResultsAt the end of follow-up among the 229 patients, 147 patients (67%) developed cognitive impairment. 82 patients (36%) remained in normal cognitive condition. In multivariate analysis, unmethylated MGMT promoter (hazard ratio [HR], 1.679; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.212 to 2.326; p=0.002), glioblastoma (HR, 1.550; 95% CI, 1.117 to 2.149; p=0.009), and residual tumor volume > 5.58 cm3 (HR, 1.454; 95% CI, 1.047 to 2.020; p=0.026) were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment.ConclusionMethylated status of the MGMT promoter, glioma WHO grade, and residual tumor volume might be risk factors for the cognitive impairment in postoperative patients with HGG.
Hillforts, rocks and warriors
Authors: Rodriguez-Corral Javier
Published: December 2019

During the Late Iron Age, monumental stone statues of warriors were established in the northwest of Iberia, ‘arming’ landscapes that ultimately encouraged specific types of semiotic ideologies in the region. This paper deals with how these statues on rocks not only worked in the production of liminality in the landscape – creating transitional zones on it –, but also how they functioned as liminal gateways to the past, absorbing ideas from the Bronze Age visual culture up to the Late Iron Age one, in order to create emotional responses to a new socio-political context.
Pigs and humans in Early Neolithic South-eastern Europe
Authors: De Groene Donna , Zidarov Petar , Elenski Nedko , Van den Hurk Youri , Van Kolfschoten Thijs , Çakirlar Canan
Published: December 2019

The Bulgarian site Džuljunica-Smărdeš, dating to 6205-5529 cal. BC, is one of the oldest Neolithic sites in Europe. Both domestic cattle and caprines are present in the zooarchaeological assemblage, but Sus, in contrast, is extremely rare. It is not known if the earliest Neolithic people in Europe did rear domestic pigs, practised some form of pig management, or only hunted wild boar. This research investigates the human pig relationships, using biometry, kill-off patterns and isotopic dietary analysis. With this integrated methodological approach, it might be possible to characterize human-suid relationships in this pivotal Early Neolithic site with greater accuracy. Understanding this relationship at this site contributes to the broader debate on how Neolithisation and domesticates spread through Europe, and which bio-cultural mechanisms were responsible for differential patterns of animal exploitation.
The ground stone industry from Pericei-Keller tag. A secondary production centre?
Authors: Dunca Mihai , Băcueț Crișan Sanda
Published: December 2019

This article analyses ground stone discoveries from the late neolithic site of Pericei located in north-west of Romania, in Șimleu Depression. Combined characteristics of chisels and adzes in working process are discussed along with their context, especially those connected to stone working: the layer, dwellings and pebble agglomerations. We conclude that Pericei was a production center for stone chisels, appeared to supply the demand that until then was satisfied by Suplac/Porț site that continued to produce ground stone tools for a longer period.
Pivoting East
Authors: Steadman Sharon R. , S. Arbuckle Benjamin , McMahon Gregory
Published: December 2019

The investigation of ‘complex connectivities’ as defined by Tomlinson (1999) as a critical element in the understanding of how modern globalization works has been repurposed by archaeologists as a model to explain the mechanisms at work in the archaeological past. This study applies Tomlinson’s model to interpret evidence that such connectivities linked the vast Uruk system in Mesopotamia, the contemporary Kura-Araxes culture in Transcaucasia, and the north central Anatolian plateau in the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, known as the Late Chalcolithic period. We focus on the site of Çadır Höyük, on the north central Anatolian plateau. The occupants of this rural settlement experienced some dramatic changes in the later fourth millennium, including substantial reorganization of their village plan, expansions and contractions in socioeconomic activity and long-distance trade, more elaborate burials, and possibly the evolution of new sociopolitical and religious ideologies. Here we explore the increasing evidence that socioeconomic ‘complex connectivity,’ with both Mesopotamia and especially Transcaucasia, played some role in the substantial modifications and internal dynamics at Late Chalcolithic Çadır Höyük.