bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivos para a prática de ginástica em academias exclusivas para mulheres
Authors: FRAZÃO Deimersom Pereira , COELHO FILHO Carlos Alberto de Andrade
Published: April 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o conteúdo do discurso de praticantes de ginástica em academias exclusivas para mulheres sobre os motivos dessa prática, com o foco direcionado para as relações que se estabelecem entre esses motivos e o binarismo sexual. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo. Com base em um roteiro de questões semiestruturado, 23 frequentadoras de três academias de ginástica exclusivas para mulheres situadas no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, foram entrevistadas. Concluímos que a motivação das entrevistadas para a prática da ginástica em academias destinadas exclusivamente às mulheres se mostra ancorada, fundamentalmente, na relação que as mesmas estabelecem, direta ou indiretamente, com o homem, em casa (namorados, maridos) e/ou na cena social. Quando comparadas às academias de ginástica mistas, as exclusivas para mulheres emergem como um espaço que pode proporcionar à mulher maior liberdade para: expressar as próprias insatisfações corporais; observar a outra mulher, sem que os sentimentos de competitividade aflorem como em geral afloram no ambiente em que há a presença física do homem; apresentar-se menos assujeitada a padrões corporais de vestimenta e/ou de maquiagem considerados mais belos ou elaborados, inclusive por elas mesmas. Deve-se ainda observar a possibilidade de que nas academias exclusivas as mulheres fiquem mais focadas na exercitação física; pelo fato de sentirem-se mais à vontade, consequentemente, podem se concentrar mais nas práticas e realizar os mais variados movimentos/exercícios sem constrangimentos provocados por olhares invasivos, de homens.
Manejo da adubação na cultura do feijão em sistema de produção orgânico
Authors: Pereira Leandro Barradas , Arf Orivaldo , Santos Neli Cristina Belmiro dos , Oliveira Aline Estela Zini de , Komuro Lauro Kenji
Published: April 2015

Atualmente, os sistemas de produção de alimentos tendem a incluir manejos sustentáveis do solo e da água. Um dos principais desafios do cultivo orgânico do feijoeiro é o manejo da adubação. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar doses de fertilizante orgânico à base de resíduos de frigorífico (1,0 t ha-1; 1,5 t ha-1; 2,0 t ha-1; e 2,5 t ha-1). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x2x2, com 16 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: massa seca de plantas; diagnose foliar; população inicial e final de plantas; número de vagens por planta, grãos por planta e grãos por vagem; massa de 100 grãos; e produtividade de grãos. Concluiu-se que os métodos e épocas de aplicação do fertilizante orgânico não influenciam os componentes de produção e produtividade do feijoeiro. A dose de 2,5 t ha-1 de fertilizante orgânico propiciou a maior produtividade do feijoeiro em 2012, porém, não expressou sua capacidade máxima de produção.
Épocas de semeadura e desempenho qualitativo de sementes de soja
Authors: Bornhofen Elesandro , Benin Giovani , Galvan Danielle , Flores Mariana Faber
Published: April 2015

Variações na época de semeadura da soja refletem diretamente no potencial fisiológico das sementes produzidas. Este estudo objetivou identificar épocas de semeadura que maximizem qualitativamente a produção de sementes de soja. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em dois anos agrícolas, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 × 6, com quatro épocas de semeadura e seis cultivares de soja (Don Mario 5.8i RR, BMX Energia RR, BMX Força RR, BRS 255 RR, BRS 294 RR e BRS 295 RR). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram avaliadas doze características informativas da qualidade de sementes de soja, por meio dos testes de germinação, dano mecânico, envelhecimento acelerado e tetrazólio. Houve efeito significativo da época de semeadura e de cultivares sobre a qualidade das sementes. Constatou-se diferença na sensibilidade das cultivares a variações na época de semeadura, quanto aos atributos qualitativos de semente. Semeaduras em meados de dezembro são recomendadas para a produção de sementes com qualidade superior.
Incentivos ao desenvolvimento da fruticultura fluminense1
Authors: Bahiense Douglas Vianna , Souza Paulo Marcelo de
Published: April 2015

No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, embora relevante, a fruticultura tem importância relativamente pequena, quando comparada a produtos tradicionais, como a cana-de-açúcar e o café, cujos momentos de crise exercem impactos negativos em toda a economia. Diante disso, vêm sendo adotados incentivos à produção de frutas, visando a alavancar e diversificar a economia agrícola do Estado. Com esta pesquisa, buscou-se analisar os possíveis impactos dos incentivos governamentais ao desenvolvimento da fruticultura sobre a agricultura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados os efeitos sobre a área, produção e produtividade de frutíferas e outras culturas importantes do Estado, mediante o método shift-share. Foram constatados impactos positivos sobre a produção de cocoda- baía, abacaxi e banana, porém, isso não ocorreu com as demais frutíferas, cujas produções, no período, declinaram, especialmente no caso de citros e maracujá. No saldo do período, houve redução da área e do valor gerado pelo conjunto do sistema produtivo, que, além disso, tornou-se relativamente mais especializado.
Reproduction of Meloidogyne enterolobii in lettuce cultivars of the American group
Authors: Correia Érika CSS , Silva Norberto , Costa Marylia GS , Wilcken Silvia RS
Published: April 2015

Lettuce is the main vegetable cultivated in Brazil, in volume and in marketed value. There are ranges of diseases which may affect lettuce crops, including those caused by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). We evaluated the reproductive potential of Meloidogyne enterolobii in 22 lettuce cultivars. The plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and eventuals second stage juveniles of nematode per pot, two days after the transplanting. 'Rutgers' tomato was used as standard for inoculum viability of M. enterolobii. We evaluated, 60 days after inoculation, the gall index, egg mass index and reproduction factor (RF). The 'Ithaca', 'Raider Plus', 'RS-1397', 'L-104', 'Challenge', 'IP-11', 'Classic', 'Salinas 88', 'Vanguard 75', 'Calona' and 'Desert Queen' were resistant to M. enterolobii with RF varying from 0.22 to 0.9, and the cultivars Lady Winterset, Robinson, Sonoma, Raider, Lucy Brown, Bnondaga, Summer Time, Taina, Sundevil and L-109 were susceptible to this nematode, with RF ranging from 1.06 to 5.73.
Correlation between morphoagronomic traits and resistance to ethylene action in ornamental peppers.
Authors: Nascimento Mayana F , Rêgo Elizanilda R , Nascimento Naysa FF , Santos Rusthon MC , Bruckner Claudio H , Finger Fernando L , Rêgo Mailson M
Published: April 2015

The post-production quality of ornamental peppers can be shorted due to exposure to ethylene. The concentration of this phytohormone at 10 µL/L induces leaf, fruit and flowers abscission, ripening of climacteric fruits, organ senescence, seed germination and seedling growth. We evaluated the correlation between pepper morphoagronomic traits and resistance to ethylene on ornamental peppers. Two genotypes, one resistant (UFPB 132), a susceptible (UFPB 134), and two hybrids (DR x PN) were utilized (76 x PN) to assess the susceptibility or resistance to ethylene. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. First, 19 morphoagronomic characteristics were analyzed when the plants had 30% of fruits at the ripe stage. At this stage, the pots were transferred to a room at 25oC with 8-10 µmol/s/m2 of white fluorescent light. Afterwards, the pots were placed in a 60-L container and treated with ethylene at final concentration of 10 µL/L. The plants were exposed to ethylene for 48 hours and then kept at room temperature for further analysis. Afterwards, the number of leaves and fruits was determined at time zero and after 144 hours after end of the ethylene treatment. The Pearson correlation was calculated for each pair of variables and submitted to t-test (p≤0.05). We observed high occurrence of a significant positive correlation (>0.95) between leaf abscission and the anther length, major fruit width, pedicel length, pericarp thickness and dry matter content of the fruits. No significant correlation between fruit abscission and morphological evaluated variables was found. These results show the possibility to use morphological measurements to select plants resistant to leaf abscission induced by ethylene, while for the abscission of fruits, No relation to the morphological parameters evaluated in this experiment was possible to be established.
Sisal leaf decortication liquid residue for controlling Meloidogyne javanica in tomato plants
Authors: Damasceno Josilda CA , Soares Ana CF , Jesus Fábio N , Sant'Ana Rosane S
Published: April 2015

The effect of sisal liquid residue (fresh and fermented) was evaluated in controlling the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato plants. Bioassays were conducted in vitro with 100 µL of an aqueous suspension containing 300 juveniles (J2) of M. javanica and 1000 µL of sisal liquid residue. The treatments consisted of nematode immersion for 24 and 48 hours in sisal liquid residue, fresh or fermented, diluted in water to the final concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20%, and nematicide Carbofuran at 350 mg of the active ingredient per liter. Under greenhouse conditions, 4000 juveniles of M. javanica were inoculated on tomato plants grown in pots, and after one week, 100 mL of sisal liquid residue at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%, were added to soil around the tomato plants. Control treatments received either 100 mL of distilled water or 0.5 g of Carbofuran per pot. Forty days after inoculation, plants were harvested and evaluated for plant growth and root damage. In addition, the selective effect of sisal liquid residue on growth of beneficial soil microorganisms was evaluated. All concentrations of sisal liquid residue presented nematicidal effect, after 48 h of nematode exposure. A mortality rate of 100% was obtained for M. javanica juveniles exposed to liquid residue at a concentration of 20%. Application of increasing concentrations of both sisal liquid residues reduced the number of galls and egg masses per plant and per gram of roots, as well as the final population of M. javanica in soil. Growth of beneficial soil microorganisms was observed in soil amended with sisal fresh liquid residue, for all concentrations tested. The fermented residue caused inhibition of soil beneficial microorganisms. Future studies should be conducted to test the nematicidal effect on tomato plants under field conditions.
Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover
Authors: Echer Márcia M , Dalastra Graciela M , Hachmann Tiago L , Klosowski Elcio S , Guimarães Vandeir F
Published: April 2015

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.
Produtividade de cinco acessos de mangarito em Montes Claros-MG
Authors: Cavalcanti Thâmara FM , Costa Cândido A , Brandão Antônio A , Alves Cicília C , Martins Ernane R
Published: April 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar agronomicamente cinco acessos de mangarito nas condições de Montes Claros-MG. O experimento foi conduzido em Horta Experimental do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, Montes Claros, de 10/06/2010 a 03/06/2011. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em acessos de mangarito cedidos pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa 1, Viçosa 2 e Viçosa 3) e pela Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (Dourados), além do acesso local (Montes Claros). A parcela foi composta de quatro fileiras com 2,5 m de comprimento, com as plantas espaçadas de 0,5x0,5 m. Foram avaliados a produtividade total, de cormos, de cormelos e de cormelos comerciais, massa fresca e seca de cormelos comerciais, número de cormelos comerciais por planta e a produtividade de cormelos nas classes (com base no menor diâmetro) grande (≥30 mm), média (20-29 mm), pequena (10-19 mm) e refugo (<10 mm). Os acessos Viçosa 1, Montes Claros, Viçosa 2 e Viçosa 3 apresentaram as melhores respostas agronômicas quanto à produtividade total e de cormelos. Os componentes primários com as maiores correlações positivas com a produtividade comercial foram produtividade de cormelos classe média (0,9543**), número de cormelos comerciais por planta (0,8242**) e massa fresca de cormelos comerciais (0,8242**).
Diagnostic Value of Plasma and Urinary 2-Hydroxyglutarate to Identify Patients With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutated Glioma
Authors: Lombardi Giuseppe , Corona Giuseppe , Bellu Luisa , Puppa Alessandro Della , Pambuku Ardi , Fiduccia Pasquale , Bertorelle Roberta , Gardiman Marina Paola , D'Avella Domenico , Toffoli Giuseppe , Zagonel Vittorina
Published: April 2015

Background.

Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 enzymes can convert α-ketoglutarate into 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The aim of the present study was to explore whether 2HG in plasma and urine could predict the presence of IDH1/2 mutations in patients with glioma.

Materials and Methods.

All patients had histological confirmation of glioma and a recent brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showing the neoplastic lesion. Plasma and urine samples were taken from all patients, and the 2HG concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results.

A total of 84 patients were enrolled: 38 with R132H-IDH1 mutated and 46 with wild type. Among the 38 patients with mutant IDH1, 21 had high-grade glioma and 17 had low-grade glioma. Among the 46 patients with IDH1 wild-type glioma, 35 and 11 had high- and low-grade glioma, respectively. In all patients, we analyzed the mean 2HG concentration in the plasma, urine, and plasma/urine ratio (Ratio_2HG). We found a significant difference in the Ratio_2HG between patients with and without an IDH1 mutation (22.2 ± 8.7 vs. 15.6 ± 6.8; p < .0001). The optimal cutoff value for Ratio_2HG to identify IDH1 mutation was 19 (sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 76%; accuracy, 70%). In the patients with high-grade glioma only, the optimal cutoff value was 20 (sensitivity, 76%; specificity, 89%; accuracy, 84%; positive predictive value, 80%; negative predictive value, 86%). In 7 of 7 patients with high-grade glioma, we found a correlation between the Ratio_2HG value and the response to treatment.

Conclusion.

Ratio_2HG might be a predictor of the presence of IDH1 mutation. The measurement of 2HG could be useful for disease monitoring and also to assess the treatment effects in these patients.
Metodologia da Pesquisa: recorde sobre mídia na educação
Authors: Sobral Maria Neide
Published: April 2015

Nesse estudo, procuramos abordar algumas abordagens sobre pesquisa em educação, fazendo alguns recortes sobre mídia nos processos de ensinar e aprender, por considerarmos, na atualidade, um tema que tem despertado cada vez mais o interesse dos investigadores nesse campo de conhecimento. Neste sentido, procuramos elencar alguns elementos discursivos sobre a metodologia da pesquisa, do ponto de vista didático, refletindo sobre questões delineadoras da investigação no campo da educação, a saber: enfoques teóricos e abordagens metodológicas, tomando como referências possíveis objetos de pesquisa sobre mídia na educação.
Realidade Virtual: conceitos, evolução, dispositivos e aplicações
Authors: Rodrigues Gessica Palhares , Porto Cristiane de Magalhães
Published: April 2015

Este artigo objetiva expor os conceitos sobre Realidade Virtual, visando estabelecer uma interlocução entre alguns conceitos utilizados. Além de trazer uma descrição do seu surgimento e evolução pretende-se ainda, esclarecer termos pertinentes de uma maneira didática e introduzir noções básicas, como o conceito de interação, imersão e envolvimento. O texto descreve, também, dispositivos de visualização e interação que são de fundamental importância quando se trata de Realidade Virtual, pois permite ao usuário “entrar” no mundo virtual, sem eles seria impossível a ocorrência dessa interação. Será apresentada também uma visão geral da aplicação de Realidade Virtual em diversas áreas, como medicina, arquitetura e militar. O presente trabalho pode ser classificado como descritivo e de revisão visto que, propicia informações sobre os assuntos abordados, além da discussão de informações que já haviam sido publicadas. A coleta de material para a construção deste artigo deve-se a pesquisas e estudos feitos além da observação assistemática e participante.
Cine Social e Interculturalidad: una propuesta didáctica
Authors: Cobo Piñero María Rocío
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo expõe as possibilidades didáticas do cinema desde um ponto de vista  que promove o enfoque intercultural, e centra-se no uso de curtas-metragens de tema social nos cursos de língua e cultura. A primeira parte do estudo, apresenta brevemente as distintas correntes teóricas relacionadas com o suporte visual na aula de espanhol para estrangeiros e evidencia a carência de uma análise intercultural do meio fílmico. A segunda parte, está composta pela didatização de dois curtas-metragens espanhóis do ano 2005, premiados e de bastante prestigio: Nana e Éramos Pocos. As atividades que propomos pretendem desenvolver a competência intercultural assim como a mirada crítica do alunado diante duas realidades sociais: o sexismo e a imigração.
Os concursos públicos para o magistério primário na província da Parahyba do Norte (1835 – 1864)
Authors: Araújo Rose Mary Souza
Published: April 2015

O trabalho trata dos resultados de uma pesquisa acerca dos concursos públicos que foram efetivados na Parahyba do Norte entre 1835 a 1864. O objetivo foi analisar o processo de efetivação dos concursos para o magistério primário no contexto do movimento e constituição da formação de professores na Escola Normal paraibana. Toma-se os referenciais de Edward Thompson (1981) e Antonio Gramsci (1989) para dialogar com as fontes documentais. Estas foram: Leis, decretos e regulamentos que tratam da educação escolarizada, mais especificamente sobre os concursos públicos tanto locais como nacional; Discursos e mensagens elaborados pelos presidentes da Província da Parahyba do Norte; Relatórios produzidos pelos diretores da instrução pública dirigidos aos presidentes provinciais: Produção jornalística local. O mergulho nessa documentação permitiu perceber que houve esforço do poder público paraibano em normatizar o ingresso dos professores no magistério primário pela via do concurso. Entretanto, as evidências apontaram que a prática desses concursos esteve articulada com os interesses de grupos políticos locais e assumiu o caráter de “habilitação” ao mesmo tempo em que se discutia formação do professor. Palavras-chave: Concurso público; Instrução primária; Formação de professores
A educação da infância retratada através da literatura
Authors: Lima Solyane Silveira , Cabral Anne Emilie Souza de Almeida
Published: April 2015

Este artigo apresenta como objeto de investigação a educação da infância vivenciada no final do século XIX, presente em duas obras autobiográficas, quais sejam: Minha vida de menina escrita por Helena Morley e História da minha infância, de Gilberto Amado. O objetivo é discutir o uso da literatura como fonte para os estudos históricos, neste caso especificamente, na História da Educação da Infância. Para tanto, organizaremos o texto em três momentos. Inicialmente discutiremos a infância e sua educação a partir dos pressupostos lançados pela História Cultural. Em seguida, como essa abordagem historiográfica possibilitou a abertura do campo para a utilização de novas fontes e objetos, dentre os quais se encontra a Literatura. E, por fim, analisaremos as obras literárias com o intuito de demonstrar como é possível operacionalizar questões referentes à temática enunciada.
“STREET-ART” OR THE ART OF STREET INTERVENTIONS
Authors: ZASLAVSKAYa A. Yu , SEROVA M. M
Published: April 2015

Аpplication of street art in architectural city environment is presented. The main features and directions of contemporary street art are considered. The concept street art includes diﬀerent types of activity: performance, graffity, 3-D graﬃty, and the latest dirrection video-mapping (projection of dynamic images on facades of buildings). New terminology is gradually formed, characterizing the direction of art activity as street-art.
THE LOCAL CENTERS IN CITY STRUCTRURE, SPECIFICITY OF FORMATION AND FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SAMARA CITY)
Authors: FILANOVA T. V
Published: April 2015

In this article is considered nature process of formation service centers of local level in the environment of the largest city. By the example of Samara city are revealed the local centers and areas of their functioning, considered functional structure, features of formation, typology of the local centers.
HYPOTHESIS OF THE DESIGNING ENVIRONMENT FOR BLIND PEOPLE ON THE BASIS OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND SYNAESTHETIC APPROACHES
Authors: REPINA E. A , UDINSKAYa A. A
Published: April 2015

The modern person is in constant movement, the culture is aimed at narcissism and domination, aspires to something new and ideal, moral and moral values are forgotten. It doesnt have trust to associates and by Wednesday in which it only is, instead of lives. Life of the blind person is arranged diﬀerently. Its rhythm of life much more slowly as it studies environment tactile, sensually.In modern design practice all spectrum of feelings in favor of visual perception is subjected to repression. It is necessary to create such image of architecture and design which will be read both able to see and blind people.We address to phenomenology and the phenomenon synaesthesia as with their help we can project environment, as a phenomenon which will be accessible to understanding to any person.The phenomenology is directed on empirical and перцептивное perception which has been forgotten by the modern architects perceiving architecture, as a formal composition. Such architecture aspires to admiration, to creation of atmosphere of eternity and совершенности lives. Synaesthesia allows us to plunge into the world of feelings in metaphysical measurement, as in Hitchcock and Tarkovskys films or in photos Walker Evans.
ASSESSMENT OF PYROGENIC IMPACTS ON FOREST SOILS
Authors: ShABANOV V. A , MARKELOVA A. A
Published: April 2015

There are such impacts on forest soils as fires associated with burning out of oil and the use of air-mechanical foam for fire liquidation of oil spills. Assessment of pyrogenic impact on the soil carried out by the method of biotesting.
VISCO-ELASTIC BEAM TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS GENERATED BY ENERATED BY CIRCULAR DISC (SOIL COMPRESSOR) MOTIN
Authors: PAVLOV G. V , KAL'MOVA M. A
Published: April 2015

A new problem for disk motion along Kelvin rheological beam is solved. Amplitude-phase equations are set up according to the energy type averaging method. Instability of the disc motion along the beam is shown.
NEW TREATMENTS IN URBAN PLANNING
Authors: DAVYDOVA L. O
Published: April 2015

This article reviews current treatments and strategies in urban planning as an example of one of the biggest projects of our time. Based on the analysis indentified the basic trends that have aﬀected not only the architecture but also on the organization of modern urban process in general.
Interactions among multiple invasive animals
Authors: Jackson M. C.
Published: April 2015

With accelerating rates of invasion being documented in many ecosystems, communities of interacting invasive species are becoming increasingly common. Opposing theories predict that invaders can either hinder or promote one another's success. Additionally, evidence suggests that co‐occurring invaders can interact to amplify or mitigate one another's impacts on ecosystems. However, there has not been a quantitative review on interactions among multiple invasive animals. Here I use a meta‐analysis approach to show that, across a global scale, the mean interaction among invaders was to reduce one another's performance. This pattern was consistent when considering interactions between marine animals but interactions were neutral overall in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Crucially, individual studies showed that neutral interactions were the most common interaction type. Further, I demonstrate that the combined ecological impacts of multiple invaders were frequently the sum of their independent effects (additive) but the mean effect was non‐additive and less than predicted (antagonistic). In both meta‐analyses, the disparity between the most frequent and mean interaction type indicates that case studies of multiple invasions commonly have different outcomes to global trends. These results will help predict how co‐occurring invasive animals interact and assist in developing management strategies for problematic invaders in our changing world.
Washout of Cr(III)-Acetate-HPAM Gels From Fractures: Effect of Gel State During Placement
Authors: Brattekås B.. , Pedersen S. G. , Nistov H. T. , Haugen Å.. , Graue A.. , Liang J. -T. , Seright R. S.
Published: April 2015

This work investigated the blockage performance of a Cr(III)-acetate-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gel after placement in open fractures, with emphasis on the effect of gel maturity during placement. Polymer gel is formed through a chemical reaction between a polymer and a crosslinking agent (in a gelant solution) that occurs during the gelation time. In field applications, gelant is generally pumped from the surface, but gelation may occur during injection because of high-temperature conditions and longer pumping times; hence, partially or fully mature gel may exit the wellbore during polymer-gel injection in a fractured reservoir. Gelation alters the solution properties significantly; hence, immature gelant and fully formed (mature) polymer gel show different behavior during placement in a fractured system, and the gels deposit differently in the fracture volume. Injection of gel at different maturities in a fracture may therefore influence the ability of the gel treatment to block fractures, and hence its performance during conformance-control operations. Placement of immature and mature gels and their ability to block fractures during subsequent waterfloods were investigated in this work.

Gel was placed in fractures (and in the surrounding core matrix for some application regimes) in its immature (gelant) or mature state. The gel-blockage performance was assessed by recording gel-rupture pressures and subsequent residual resistance factors during chase waterfloods. Placement of mature gel in open fractures yielded consistent rupture pressures during subsequent water injections, following linear trends for given gel-placement rates and throughput volumes. The rupture pressures were predictable and stable in all the core materials studied. Rupture pressures achieved after placement and in-situ crosslinking of immature gel (gelant) were comparable with rupture pressures achieved after mature-gel placement, but were less predictable. Placing immature gel in the adjacent matrix and in the fracture increased the resistance to gel rupture compared with placing gel in the fracture volume only. In some cores, gel did not form after placement in its immature state. Interactions between Bentheim rock material and gelant were observed, and believed to be the primary cause for lack of gelation.

Significant permeability reduction was achieved during subsequent waterfloods after placement of either immature or mature gel in open fractures. Residual resistance factors for cores treated with gel and gelant were comparable initially. After significant water throughput, substantially greater pressure gradients were observed in cores treated with formed gel rather than gelant crosslinked in situ, and the permeability reduction averaged 5,000 for mature gel and 600 for gelant-treated cores.
Output-Constraint Handling and Parallelization for Oil-Reservoir Control Optimization by Means of Multiple Shooting
Authors: Codas Andrés , Foss Bjarne , Camponogara Eduardo
Published: April 2015

We propose to formulate and solve the reservoir-control optimization problem with the direct multiple-shooting method. This method divides the optimal-control problem prediction horizon in smaller intervals that one can evaluate in parallel. Further, output constraints are easily established on each interval boundary and as such hardly affect computation time. This opens new opportunities to include state constraints on a much broader scale than is common in reservoir optimization today. However, multiple shooting deals with a large number of variables because it decides on the boundary-state variables of each interval. Therefore, we exploit the structure of the reservoir simulator to conceive a variable-reduction technique to solve the optimization problem with a reduced sequential quadratic-programming algorithm. We discuss the optimization-algorithm building blocks and focus on structure exploitation and parallelization opportunities. To demonstrate the method's capabilities to handle output constraints, the optimization algorithm is interfaced to an open-source reservoir simulator. Then, on the basis of a widely used reservoir model, we evaluate performance, especially related to output constraints. The performance of the proposed method is qualitatively compared with a conventional method.
Risks associated with preoperative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion in open surgery for intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Seicean Andreea , Alan Nima , Seicean Sinziana , Neuhauser Duncan , Selman Warren R. , Bambakidis Nicholas C.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

Preoperative anemia may be treated with a blood transfusion. Both are associated with adverse outcomes in various surgical procedures, but this has not been clearly elucidated in surgery for cerebral aneurysms. In this study the authors assessed the association of preoperative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion, separately, on 30-day morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing open surgery for ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS

The authors identified 668 cases (including 400 unruptured and 268 unruptured intracranial aneurysms) of open surgery for treatment of intracranial aneurysms in the 2006–2012 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, a validated and reproducible prospective clinical database. Anemia was defined as a hematocrit level less than 39% in males and less than 36% in females. Perioperative transfusion was defined as at least 1 unit of packed or whole red blood cells given at any point between the start of surgery to 72 hours postoperatively. The authors separately compared surgical outcome between patients with (n = 198) versus without (n = 470) anemia, and those who underwent (n = 78) versus those who did not receive (n = 521) a transfusion, using a 1:1 match on propensity score.

RESULTS

In the matched cohorts, all observed covariates were comparable between anemic (n = 147) versus nonanemic (n = 147) and between transfused (n = 67) versus nontransfused patients (n = 67). Anemia was independently associated with prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS; odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–4.5), perioperative complications (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.1), and return to the operating room (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.5). Transfusion was also independently associated with perioperative complications (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.3).

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative anemia and transfusion are each independent risk factors for perioperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for cerebral aneurysms. Perioperative anemia is also associated with prolonged hospital LOS and 30-day return to the operating room.
A comprehensive assessment of the risk of bone morphogenetic protein use in spinal fusion surgery and postoperative cancer diagnosis
Authors: Cahill Kevin S. , McCormick Paul C. , Levi Allan D.
Published: April 2015

The risk of postoperative cancer following the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)–2 in spinal fusion is one potential complication that has received significant interest. Until recently, there has been little clinical evidence to support the assertion of potential cancer induction after BMP use in spinal surgery. This report aims to summarize the findings from clinical data available to date from the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) project as well as more recently published large database studies regarding the association of BMP use in spinal fusion and the risk of postoperative cancer. A detailed review was based on online databases, primary studies, FDA reports, and bibliographies of key articles for studies that assessed the efficacy and safety of BMP in spinal fusion. In an analysis of the YODA project, one meta-analysis detected a statistically significant increase in cancer occurrence at 24 months but not at 48 months, and the other meta-analysis did not detect a significant increase in postoperative cancer occurrence. Analysis of 3 large health care data sets (Medicare, MarketScan, and PearlDiver) revealed that none were able to detect a significant increase in risk of malignant cancers when BMP was used compared with controls. The potential risk of postoperative cancer formation following the use of BMP in spinal fusion must be interpreted on an individual basis for each patient by the surgeon. There is no conclusive evidence that application of the common formulations of BMP during spinal surgery results in the formation of cancer locally or at a distant site.
Intraventricular hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision: a retrospective review
Authors: Calayag Mark , Paul Alexandra R. , Adamo Matthew A.
Published: April 2015

OBJECT

The authors review their ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt revisions over a 3-year period to determine the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and subsequent need for re-revision.

METHODS

Review of medical records identified 35 pediatric patients who underwent 52 VP shunt revisions between 2009 and 2012. The presence and amount of IVH as determined by CT and the time to re-revision were documented. The reason for shunting, catheter position, and time between initial VP shunt placement and subsequent revisions were also recorded.

RESULTS

After 13 (25%) of the 52 revisions, IVH was evident on postoperative CT scans. The majority of patients had a trace amount of IVH, with only 2% having IVH greater than 5 ml. After 2 (15%) of the 13 revisions associated with IVH, re-revision was required within 1 month. In contrast, the re-revision rate in patients without IVH was 18%. All of the patients who developed IVH had occipital catheters.

CONCLUSIONS

Some degree of IVH can be expected after approximately one-quarter of all VP shunt revision procedures in pediatric patients, but the rate of significant IVH is low. Furthermore, the presence of IVH does not necessitate an early shunt revision.
Correction of clivoaxial angle deformity in the setting of suboccipital craniectomy: technical note
Authors: Felbaum Daniel , Spitz Steven , Sandhu Faheem A.
Published: April 2015

A subset of patients with Chiari Type I malformation may develop neurological dysfunction secondary to an abnormally obtuse clivoaxial angle (CXA) and clivoaxial deformity causing deformative stress injury to the neural axis. Clivoaxial deformity can occur after initial standard suboccipital craniectomy, duraplasty, and C-1 laminectomy for brainstem compression, or severe clivoaxial deformity may be present in conjunction with a Chiari malformation. Clivoaxial deformity and abnormal CXA can be treated with an occipitocervical fusion (OCF). Performing OCF in the setting of a cranial defect can be challenging with currently available instrumentation. The authors describe their recent experience and outcomes in 3 consecutive pediatric patients using the “inside-out” technique for treating clivoaxial deformity and abnormal CXA in the setting of a craniectomy defect to restore stability to the craniocervical junction, while correcting the CXA.
Purely endoscopic resection of a choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle: case report
Authors: Santos Maria M. , Souweidane Mark M.
Published: April 2015

The authors report an illustrative case of a purely endoscopic surgical approach to successfully remove a solid choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in an infant. A 10-week-old male infant first presented with transient episodes of forced downward gaze, divergent macrocephaly, a tense anterior fontanel, diastasis of the cranial sutures, and papilledema. Brain MRI revealed a small, multilobulated contrast-enhancing mass situated within the posterior third ventricle, with resultant obstructive hydrocephalus. A purely endoscopic removal of the tumor was performed through a single right frontal bur hole. Intraoperatively, a unique vascular tributary was recognized coming from the tela choroidea and was controlled with coagulation and sharp dissection. Postoperative MRI confirmed complete tumor removal, and the tumor was classified as a choroid plexus papilloma. There has been no evidence of tumor recurrence over 42 months of follow-up. With this case report the authors intended to show that endoscopic surgery can be an additional tool to consider when planning a choroid plexus tumor approach. It seems to be of particular interest in selected cases in which there are concerns about the patient's total blood volume, as in infants with potential hemorrhagic tumors and when it is possible to preoperatively identify a single vascular pedicle that can be approached early in the surgery.
Circulation des concepts de l’analyse du travail dans la formation des enseignants
Authors: Rivière Véronique
Published: April 2015

L’auteure décrit les évolutions, au cours de ces dernières années, de la formation des enseignants au contact d’un champ d’études : l’analyse du travail. Elle cherche tout d’abord à identifier les possibles origines sociales, idéologiques et scientifiques de cette circulation. Puis elle présente deux études, en sciences de l’éducation et en clinique de l’activité, permettant d’approfondir la relation entre travail et formation professionnelle. Enfin, elle analyse les apports et certaines limites de cette relation pour la formation des enseignants, sur le plan méthodologique, ingénierique et épistémologique.
Vers une conceptualisation de l’action en didactique des langues
Authors: Cicurel Francine
Published: April 2015

L’étude cherche à montrer ce que peut produire comme éclairage sur l’action une analyse de verbalisations d’enseignants de langue, placés devant le film de leur cours. Au moment du cours, immergés dans l’action, impliqués dans la mise en œuvre d’une entreprise complexe qui est celle de s’adresser à un public donné, d’organiser les savoirs en conséquence, les enseignants « routinisent » une partie de leur action, incorporent des pratiques. Dès lors qu’on « libère » leur parole, s’y inscrivent les motifs, les dilemmes, les intentions d’agir, la perception des obstacles. Ces corpus transcrits, traces d’une action qui a eu lieu, constituent pour le chercheur un matériau très riche qui lui permet de découvrir quels sont les schèmes d’action qui s’y révèlent, les lignes de force de cette action et parfois d’en dégager des concepts. La didactique des langues se trouve alors dotée d’un nouvel apport, partant d’une « réflexion sur le faire » qui ouvre à d’autres dimensions du métier et à d’autres conceptions de la formation des professeurs.
Entre didactique professionnelle et didactique disciplinaire : le concept de la médiation didactique
Authors: Numa-Bocage Line
Published: April 2015

La formation des enseignants est en mutation depuis quelques années. Comment former les enseignants à s’adapter aux changements institutionnels et sociétaux, tout en poursuivant leur développement professionnel de manière autonome après la formation initiale ? L’auteure étudie les dimensions de l’activité professionnelle et les effets de l’analyse sur le développement des compétences professionnelles des enseignants. L’étude est centrée sur les processus de médiation didactique en didactique professionnelle, à partir d’observations et d’entretiens, et propose un usage de ce concept dans l’analyse de l’activité de l’enseignant. Les moments étudiés concernent la gestion de débats citoyens avec des élèves de cycle 2 de l’école primaire, en vue de favoriser le développement du jugement moral et le vivre ensemble.
Décrire les gestes professionnels pour comprendre des pratiques efficientes
Authors: Morel Françoise , Bucheton Dominique , Carayon Brigitte , Faucanié Hélène , Laux Sandrine
Published: April 2015

Refonder le métier enseignant pour le rendre plus efficient et démocratique nécessite de décrire très finement les gestes professionnels des enseignants. Comprendre ainsi la co-activité des maitres et des élèves dans la classe, passe par des analyses en situation didactique précise et contextualisée. Une étude de cas : une pratique efficiente de l’enseignement de l’orthographe lexicale en cycle 3 de l’école primaire, décrit cette architecture complexe des gestes professionnels de l’enseignant dans la classe. L’étude montre l’entrelacs des préoccupations didactiques et pédagogiques pour s’ajuster et étayer au mieux les apprentissages des élèves. Elle donne à voir la pertinence des outils d’analyse proposés et leurs limites (multi-agenda, jeu croisé des postures, des gestes didactiques et gestes d’étude des élèves, logiques d’arrière-plan). L’invention de gestes professionnels nouveaux, sur des principes issus de la recherche et de l’innovation, implique aussi de refonder la formation. L’opposition théorie et pratiques apparait obsolète, la nature même des savoirs professionnels enseignés en formation doit dès lors être interrogée.
Des outils pour observer et accompagner les pratiques des enseignants
Authors: Dappe Laure
Published: April 2015

Le présent article propose d’interroger la mise en relation des concepts de praticien réflexif ou de gestes professionnels et les pratiques de formateurs, à travers deux exemples : un accompagnement individuel et un accompagnement collectif. Si ces concepts sont de véritables outils d’analyse pour le formateur, permettant de déterminer avec finesse les besoins, ils ne s’avèrent pas être un support de médiation efficace entre le formateur et l’enseignant formé, entrainant même des résistances chez ce dernier. Par contre, le passage par un objet didactique permet d’engager une réflexion qui n’est pas centrée directement sur le sujet et qui aura, dans un deuxième temps, des effets positifs sur le développement de nouveaux gestes professionnels et participera à la construction d’une posture réflexive.
Des outils théoriques pour observer les pratiques enseignantes
Authors: Breugghe Lucie
Published: April 2015

Le synopsis offre la possibilité de répertorier et de catégoriser tous les évènements d’une séquence d’enseignement. Grâce à cet outil de recherche qui pourrait devenir outil de formation, les gestes professionnels des enseignants de Cours préparatoire dans le domaine de la lecture compréhension apparaissent clairement, précisément et donne à voir une manière d’être, de faire, d’apprendre et de transmettre. Le visible et le non visible des pratiques enseignantes peuvent alors être atteints. La place, le statut du langage et du savoir apparaissent et sont interrogés. Neuf grandes catégories d’activités – du maitre ou des élèves – dans la classe ont été dégagées à partir de séquences vidéos : l’intendance, la mise en temporalité de l’objet « lire-comprendre », le rappel de récit... Chacune interroge la manière de dire et de faire des enseignants dans ce domaine délicat qu’est la lecture-compréhension.
L’économie symbolique du baptême
Authors: Labbé Yves
Published: April 2015

Appuyée sur une recherche antérieure relative à la formation du sens dans les symboles, l’étude en montre la fécondité pour une interprétation du symbolisme baptismal, ressaisi dans sa situation liturgique, ici selon le rituel de l’initiation chrétienne des adultes. Ce regard philosophique porté sur la liturgie du baptême distingue d’abord les conditions naturelles et culturelles de ses formes symboliques. Il découvre ensuite comment le sens de ces formes se réalise effectivement dans la totalité de l’acte liturgique, à travers différentes compositions entre symboles, grâce aussi à une coopération de la parole, qui lève l’indétermination et surtout l’indécision des symboles, permettant ainsi de reconnaître comment le baptême identifie : par alliance et par assimilation. Une analyse conceptuelle appliquée à la liturgie ne serait-elle pas requise pour que celle-ci devienne théologie ?
« Envoie sur eux la grâce de l’Esprit Saint »
Authors: Bovens Geoffroy
Published: April 2015

La parution d’un nouveau livre liturgique est toujours un événement. Le Rituel romain de la célébration du mariage ne fait pas exception. Attendu depuis longtemps en pays francophones, il ne révèle pas au premier coup d’œil de grands changements. Une lecture plus attentive, en revanche, laisse émerger une approche pastorale et théologique renouvelée. On notera en particulier la place plus grande conférée à l’action de l’Esprit Saint, exprimant plus précisément qu’auparavant la vocation spécifique des époux chrétiens dont le mariage est une histoire du salut en acte. L’article cherche à mettre en relief les points les plus saillants de ce nouveau Rituel du mariage, tant du point de vue théologique que rituel, en vue d’une meilleure réception du livre liturgique et d’une mise en œuvre renouvelée de la célébration du mariage.
Vérité et tolérance
Authors: Sentis Laurent
Published: April 2015

Dans les pays occidentaux et spécialement en France, celui qui propose l’Évangile de façon insistante et explicite passe pour intolérant. Ce jugement négatif provient pour une large part d’une certaine conception de l’homme et de la société qui a trouvé son expression la plus claire dans la Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme de 1789. Une lecture critique du texte de cette déclaration s’avère bénéfique. Elle permet d’éviter une attitude de rejet systématique et injuste qui conduirait à une opposition frontale entre le christianisme et le monde moderne. Mais elle évite aussi une acceptation sans réserve. Cette lecture critique du texte nous conduit à bien distinguer l’Évangile et la loi naturelle d’une part, l’Église et la chrétienté d’autre part. On peut alors constater que le souci de la vérité et une authentique tolérance vertueuse ne sont pas incompatibles.
De Dadelsen : « un quelconque travail »
Authors: Frank Évelyne
Published: April 2015

« Travail » est l’un des mots-clefs du poète français Dadelsen (1913-1957), avec tous les sens que ce mot peut avoir en français, en anglais, en allemand et en alsacien. L’A. en fait aussi presque un synonyme d’« œuvre » dans le vocabulaire biblique. Toujours charnel, le travail est ici une véritable application à vivre la condition humaine, devenant, dans l’expérience de la maladie, une sorte de phénoménologie et un effort de disponibilité à l’égard de celui qui vient jusque dans le terrible.