bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pelagic food web of the Western Adriatic Sea: a focus on the role of small pelagics
Authors: Fanelli E. , Da Ros Z. , Menicucci S. , Malavolti S. , Biagiotti I. , Canduci G. , De Felice A. , Leonori I.
Published: September 2023

The Adriatic Sea is one of the largest areas of occurrence of shared small pelagic stocks and the most fished area of the Mediterranean Sea, which is in turn one of the most exploited basins of the world. The variations in the stable isotope contents (δ15N and δ13C) were determined for three small pelagic fishes (i.e., Engraulis encrasicolus, Sardina pilchardus, and Sprattus sprattus, respectively known as anchovies, sardines and sprats) collected across the western side of the basin. Our data allowed to determine the width and features of their trophic niches, to assess potential overlap or resource partitioning among them, and likely anticipate species adaptation to future climate change scenarios. Moreover, variations in stable isotope contents were correlated to both resource availability (i.e., mesozooplankton) and environmental variables. The high productivity and in turn the high resource availability of the basin, especially in the northern part, resulted in favor of the resource partitioning that occurs in each sub-area of the Adriatic Sea among the three species. Medium-sized specimens of the three species mostly fed on small zooplankton, while adult sprats relied on large copepods and those of sardines and anchovies also consumed large portion of phytoplankton, confirming the high trophic plasticity of these two dominants small pelagic species. However, considering that anchovies have the greatest degree of trophic diversity compared with the other two species, they could be the most adapted to changing feeding conditions. The increase in sea temperatures that are reducing primary production and in turn zooplankton abundances, coupled with even more frequent extreme meteorologic events could exacerbate the competition for trophic resources among pelagic mesopredators, and could lead to more notable stocks’ fluctuations and unpredictable wasp-waist effects.
Event-related potentials indicate differential neural reactivity to species and valence information in vocal stimuli in sleeping dogs
Authors: Eleőd Huba , Gácsi Márta , Bunford Nóra , Kis Anna
Published: September 2023

Dogs live in a complex social environment where they regularly interact with conspecific and heterospecific partners. Awake dogs are able to process a variety of information based on vocalisations emitted by dogs and humans. Whether dogs are also able to process such information while asleep, is unknown. In the current explorative study, we investigated in N = 13 family dogs, neural response to conspecific and human emotional vocalisations. Data were recorded while dogs were asleep, using a fully non-invasive event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. A species (between 250–450 and 600–800 ms after stimulus onset) and a species by valence interaction (between 550 to 650 ms after stimulus onset) effect was observed during drowsiness. A valence (750–850 ms after stimulus onset) and a species x valence interaction (between 200 to 300 ms and 450 to 650 ms after stimulus onset) effect was also observed during non-REM specific at the Cz electrode. Although further research is needed, these results not only suggest that dogs neurally differentiate between differently valenced con- and heterospecific vocalisations, but they also provide the first evidence of complex vocal processing during sleep in dogs. Assessment and detection of ERPs during sleep in dogs appear feasible.
Brightness perception under photopic conditions: experiments and modeling with contributions of S-cone and ipRGC
Authors: Khanh Tran Quoc , Bodrogi Peter , Zandi Babak , Vinh Trinh Quang
Published: September 2023

In 1924, the CIE published and standardized the photopic luminous efficiency function. Based on the standardized curve, luminous flux in lumens, luminance in cd/m$$^2$$

2

, and illuminance in lux are determined by an integral of the curve and the incident light spectra in photometers and are considered physical brightness. However, human brightness perception is not only weighted by this simple determination, but is a more complicated combination of all L-cones, M-cones, S-cones, rods and later ipRGCs, which was partly described by the equivalent brightness of Fotios et al. with the correction factor $$(S/V)^{0.24}$$

(
S
/
V
)

0.24

. Recently, new research has demonstrated the role of ipRGCs in human light perception. However, it is still unclear how these signal components of the human visual system are involved in the overall human brightness perception. In this work, human brightness perception under photopic conditions was investigated by visual experiments with 28 subjects under 25 different light spectra. In this way, the contributions of the signal components can be investigated. An optimization process was then performed on the resulting database. The results show that not only the $$L+M$$

L
+
M

component, but also the S-cones and ipRGC play a role, although it is smaller. Thus, the visually scaled brightness model based on the database optimization was constructed using not only illuminance but also S-cones and ipRGC with $$R^2$$

R
2

of 0.9554 and RMSE of 4.7802. These results are much better than the brightness model after Fotios et al. using only S-cones ($$R^2$$

R
2

= 0.8161, RMSE = 9.7123) and the traditional model without S-cones and ipRGC ($$R^2$$

R
2

= 0.8121, RMSE = 9.8171).
Association between clinical and surgical variables with postoperative outcomes in patients treated for intestinal obstruction for non-malignant conditions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Girón Felipe , Chaves Carlos Eduardo Rey , Rodríguez Lina , Rueda-Esteban Roberto Javier , Núñez-Rocha Ricardo E. , Pedraza Juan Daniel , Conde Danny , Vanegas Marco , Nassar Ricardo , Herrera Gabriel , Hernández Juan David
Published: September 2023

Intestinal obstruction is considered a frequent surgical pathology related to previous surgical procedures. Many different factors can lead to different outcomes when surgical management is needed. Therefore, we aim to describe the factors related to morbidity and mortality in surgical management of IO in a single-center experience. Retrospective observational study with a prospective database, in which we described patients who underwent surgical management due to intestinal obstruction between 2004 and 2015. Demographics, perioperative data, surgical outcomes, morbidity, and mortality were described. 366 patients were included. Female were 54.6%. Mean age was 61.26. Laparoscopic approach was done in 21.8% and the conversion rate was 17.2%. Intestinal resection was performed in 37.9% of the cases. Postoperative complications were observed in 18.85%. Reintervention and mortality were 9.5% and 4.1% respectively. Laparoscopic approach shows lesser time of intestinal transit (mean 28.67 vs. mean 41.95 h), and restart of oral intake after surgery (mean 96.06 vs. mean 119.65) compared with open approach. Increased heart rate and intensive care unit length of stay were related with mortality (p 0.01 and 0.000 respectively). For morbidity, laparotomy and need and duration of ICU stay were related with any complication statistically significant (p 0.02, 0.008, 0.000 respectively). Patients with increased heart rate in the emergency room, decreased amount of intravenous fluids, need and higher length of stay in the intensive care unit, and delay in resuming oral intake after surgery appear to have poor outcomes. Laparoscopic approach seems to be a safe and feasible approach for intestinal obstruction in selected patients.
A probable koala from the Oligocene of central Australia provides insights into early diprotodontian evolution
Authors: Crichton Arthur I. , Beck Robin M. D. , Couzens Aidan M. C. , Worthy Trevor H. , Camens Aaron B. , Prideaux Gavin J.
Published: September 2023

Diprotodontians are the morphologically and ecologically most diverse order of marsupials. However, an approximately 30-million-year gap in the Australian terrestrial vertebrate fossil record means that the first half of diprotodontian evolution is unknown. Fossil taxa from immediately either side of this gap are therefore critical for reconstructing the early evolution of the order. Here we report the likely oldest-known koala relatives (Phascolarctidae), from the late Oligocene Pwerte Marnte Marnte Local Fauna (central Australia). These include coeval species of Madakoala and Nimiokoala, as well as a new probable koala (?Phascolarctidae). The new taxon, Lumakoala blackae gen. et sp. nov., was comparable in size to the smallest-known phascolarctids, with body-mass estimates of 2.2–2.6 kg. Its bunoselenodont upper molars retain the primitive metatherian condition of a continuous centrocrista, and distinct stylar cusps B and D which lacked occlusion with the hypoconid. This structural arrangement: (1) suggests a morphocline within Phascolarctidae from bunoselenodonty to selenodonty; and (2) better clarifies the evolutionary transitions between molar morphologies within Vombatomorphia. We hypothesize that the molar form of Lumakoala blackae approximates the ancestral condition of the suborder Vombatiformes. Furthermore, it provides a plausible link between diprotodontians and the putative polydolopimorphians Chulpasia jimthorselli and Thylacotinga bartholomaii from the early Eocene Tingamarra Local Fauna (eastern Australia), which we infer as having molar morphologies consistent with stem diprotodontians.
Analysis of global Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) collections reveals high genetic diversity among genotypes with some redundancy between collections
Authors: Muktar Meki S. , Bizuneh Tadelech , Anderson William , Assefa Yilikal , Negawo Alemayehu T. , Teshome Abel , Habte Ermias , Muchugi Alice , Feyissa Tileye , Jones Chris S.
Published: September 2023

Genetic diversity amongst genotypes of several Napier grass collections was analyzed and compared with the diversity in a set of open pollinated progeny plants. A total of 114,881 SNP and 46,293 SilicoDArT genome-wide markers were generated on 574 Napier grass genotypes. Of these, 86% of the SNP and 66% of the SilicoDArT markers were mapped onto the fourteen chromosomes of the Napier grass genome. For genetic diversity analysis, a subset of highly polymorphic and informative SNP markers was filtered using genomic position information, a maximum of 10% missing values, a minimum minor allele frequency of 5%, and a maximum linkage-disequilibrium value of 0.5. Extensive genetic variation, with an average Nei’s genetic distance value of 0.23, was identified in the material. The genotypes clustered into three major and eleven sub-clusters with high levels of genetic variation contained both within (54%) and between (46%) clusters. However, we found that there was low to moderate genetic differentiation among the collections and that some overlap and redundancy occurred between collections. The progeny plants were genetically diverse and divergent from the germplasm collections, with an average FST value of 0.08. We also reported QTL regions associated with forage biomass yield based on field phenotype data measured on a subset of the Napier grass collections. The findings of this study offer useful information for Napier grass breeding strategies, enhancement of genetic diversity, and provide a guide for the management and conservation of the collections.
SAR image matching based on rotation-invariant description
Authors: Chang Yunhao , Xu Qing , Xiong Xin , Jin Guowang , Hou Huitai , Man Dan
Published: September 2023

The utilization of scale invariant feature transform algorithm in synthetic-aperture radar images (SAR–SIFT) to match image features may lead to principal orientation assignments of descriptors being affected by speckle noise, thereby diminishing accuracy. In this study, we propose using the Fourier histogram of oriented ratio gradient (Fourier HORG) descriptor for robust matching of SAR images. This method is based on the SAR–SIFT algorithm framework. During feature description, the rotation-invariant Fourier HORG descriptor is established by performing Fourier analysis on the ratio gradient in the polar coordinate system, whereby the principal orientation assignment process is avoided and the robustness of SAR image registration improved. A matching experiment was conducted involving four sets of SAR image pairs, and the results demonstrated that our method exhibited higher accuracy and robustness compared to image matching based on the Fourier histogram of oriented gradient (Fourier HOG) descriptor and the SAR–SIFT algorithm, thus confirming the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Using remote sensing data within an optimal spatiotemporal model for invasive plant management: the case of Ailanthus altissima in the Alta Murgia National Park
Authors: Baker Christopher M. , Blonda Palma , Casella Francesca , Diele Fasma , Marangi Carmela , Martiradonna Angela , Montomoli Francesco , Pepper Nick , Tamborrino Cristiano , Tarantino Cristina
Published: September 2023

We tackle the problem of coupling a spatiotemporal model for simulating the spread and control of an invasive alien species with data coming from image processing and expert knowledge. In this study, we implement a spatially explicit optimal control model based on a reaction–diffusion equation which includes an Holling II type functional response term for modeling the density control rate. The model takes into account the budget constraint related to the control program and searches for the optimal effort allocation for the minimization of the invasive alien species density. Remote sensing and expert knowledge have been assimilated in the model to estimate the initial species distribution and its habitat suitability, empirically extracted by a land cover map of the study area. The approach has been applied to the plant species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle within the Alta Murgia National Park. This area is one of the Natura 2000 sites under the study of the ongoing National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) funded by the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), and pilot site of the finished H2020 project ECOPOTENTIAL, which aimed at the integration of modeling tools and Earth Observations for a sustainable management of protected areas. Both the initial density map and the land cover map have been generated by using very high resolution satellite images and validated by means of ground truth data provided by the EU Life Alta Murgia Project (LIFE12 BIO/IT/000213), a project aimed at the eradication of A. altissima in the Alta Murgia National Park.
Modulation of the immune response by the host defense peptide IDR-1002 in chicken hepatic cell culture
Authors: Sebők Csilla , Tráj Patrik , Mackei Máté , Márton Rege Anna , Vörösházi Júlia , Kemény Ágnes , Neogrády Zsuzsanna , Mátis Gábor
Published: September 2023

IDR-1002, a synthetic host defense peptide (HDP), appears to be a potential candidate for the treatment of bacterial infections and the consequent inflammatory response due to its potent immunomodulatory activity. This is of relevance to the emerging issue of antimicrobial resistance in the farming sector. In this study, the effects of IDR-1002 were investigated on a chicken hepatocyte‒non-parenchymal cell co-culture, and the results revealed that IDR-1002 had complex effects on the regulation of the hepatic innate immunity. IDR-1002 increased the levels of both RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) and Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), suggesting the peptide plays a role in the modulation of macrophage differentiation, also reflected by the reduced concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. The pro-inflammatory cytokine release triggered by the bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was ameliorated by the concomitantly applied IDR-1002 based on the levels of IL-6, chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (CXCLi2) and interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, the production of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an essential transcription factor in the antioxidant defense pathway, was increased after IDR-1002 exposure, while protein carbonyl (PC) levels were also elevated. These findings suggest that IDR-1002 affects the interplay of the cellular immune response and redox homeostasis, thus the peptide represents a promising tool in the treatment of bacterially induced inflammation in chickens.
2D/3D ultrasound diagnosis of pediatric distal radius fractures by human readers vs artificial intelligence
Authors: Knight Jessica , Zhou Yuyue , Keen Christopher , Hareendranathan Abhilash Rakkunedeth , Alves-Pereira Fatima , Ghasseminia Siyavesh , Wichuk Stephanie , Brilz Alan , Kirschner David , Jaremko Jacob
Published: September 2023

Wrist trauma is common in children and generally requires radiography for exclusion of fractures, subjecting children to radiation and long wait times in the emergency department. Ultrasound (US) has potential to be a safer, faster diagnostic tool. This study aimed to determine how reliably US could detect distal radius fractures in children, to contrast the accuracy of 2DUS to 3DUS, and to assess the utility of artificial intelligence for image interpretation. 127 children were scanned with 2DUS and 3DUS on the affected wrist. US scans were then read by 7 blinded human readers and an AI model. With radiographs used as the gold standard, expert human readers obtained a mean sensitivity of 0.97 and 0.98 for 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. The AI model sensitivity was 0.91 and 1.00 for 2DUS and 3DUS respectively. Study data suggests that 2DUS is comparable to 3DUS and AI diagnosis is comparable to human experts.
Preliminary observational study of metabonomics in patients with early and late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS
Authors: Hao Zhaohu , Yao Junxin , Zhao Xiaoying , Liu Ran , Chang Baocheng , Shao Hailin
Published: September 2023

Non-targeted metabonomic techniques were used to explore changes in metabolic profiles of patients with early onset and late onset T2DM. Newly diagnosed early onset T2DM (EarT2DM) and late onset T2DM (LatT2DM) patients were recruited, and the matched age, sex, and low-risk population of diabetes mellitus were selected as the control group. 117 adults were recruited in the study, including 21 in EarT2DM group with 25 in corresponding control group (heaCG1), and 48 in LatT2DM group with 23 in corresponding control group (heaCG2). There were 15 relatively distinctive metabolic variants in EarT2DM group and 10 distinctive metabolic variants in LatT2DM group. The same changing pathways mainly involved protein, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, taurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, lysosome and mTOR signaling pathway. The independent disturbed pathways in EarT2DM included branched chain amino acids, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. The independent disturbed pathways in LatT2DM involved linoleic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, arginine, proline metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway. T2DM patients at different diagnosed ages may have different metabolite profiles. These metabolic differences need to be further verified.
Road traffic can be predicted by machine learning equally effectively as by complex microscopic model
Authors: Sroczyński Andrzej , Czyżewski Andrzej
Published: September 2023

Since high-quality real data acquired from selected road sections are not always available, a traffic control solution can use data from software traffic simulators working offline. The results show that in contrast to microscopic traffic simulation, the algorithms employing neural networks can work in real-time, so they can be used, among others, to determine the speed displayed on variable message road signs. This paper describes an experiment to develop and test machine learning models, i.e., long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit recurrent networks, and stacked autoencoder networks. It compares their effectiveness with traffic prediction results generated using a widely recognized traffic simulator that analyzes traffic at the level of individual vehicles.
Improved pearl millet genomes representing the global heterotic pool offer a framework for molecular breeding applications
Authors: Ramu Punna , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Sanyal Abhijit , Fengler Kevin , Cao Jun , Zhang Yun , Nimkar Mitali , Gerke Justin , Shreedharan Sriram , Llaca Victor , May Gregory , Peterson-Burch Brooke , Lin Haining , King Matthew , Das Sayan , Bhupesh Vaid , Mandaokar Ajin , Maruthachalam Karunakaran , Krishnamurthy Pobbathi , Gandhi Harish , Rathore Abhishek , Gupta Rajeev , Chitikineni Annapurna , Bajaj Prasad , Gupta S. K. , Satyavathi C. Tara , Pandravada Anand , Varshney Rajeev K. , Babu Raman
Published: September 2023

High-quality reference genome assemblies, representative of global heterotic patterns, offer an ideal platform to accurately characterize and utilize genetic variation in the primary gene pool of hybrid crops. Here we report three platinum grade de-novo, near gap-free, chromosome-level reference genome assemblies from the active breeding germplasm in pearl millet with a high degree of contiguity, completeness, and accuracy. An improved Tift genome (Tift23D2B1-P1-P5) assembly has a contig N50 ~ 7,000-fold (126 Mb) compared to the previous version and better alignment in centromeric regions. Comparative genome analyses of these three lines clearly demonstrate a high level of collinearity and multiple structural variations, including inversions greater than 1 Mb. Differential genes in improved Tift genome are enriched for serine O-acetyltransferase and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process which play an important role in improving the nutritional quality of seed protein and disease resistance in plants, respectively. Multiple marker-trait associations are identified for a range of agronomic traits, including grain yield through genome-wide association study. Improved genome assemblies and marker resources developed in this study provide a comprehensive framework/platform for future applications such as marker-assisted selection of mono/oligogenic traits as well as whole-genome prediction and haplotype-based breeding of complex traits.
Crystal facet dependence of the ketonization of propionic acid on anatase TiO2
Authors: Huang Jiao , Li Liwen , Wu Xiaoxia , Guo Yonghua , Yang Zijun , Wang Hua , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli
Published: September 2023

Ketonization of propionic acid on anatase TiO2 with differently exposed facets has been explored by combined experiment and DFT calculation. We demonstrate that the surface geometrical structure determines the adsorption configuration and activity.
Correlating miscibility, mechanical parameters, and stability of ternary polymer blends for high-performance solar cells
Authors: Zhou Kangkang , Xian Kaihu , Ma Ruijie , Liu Junwei , Gao Mengyuan , Li Saimeng , Liu Tao , Chen Yu , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long
Published: September 2023

The established miscibility–function relationships are helpful to predict mechanical properties and stability in organic photovoltaic devices based on multicomponent systems.
Chiral self-organization of the TPPS4 porphyrin assisted by molecular rotations
Authors: Schifino Gioacchino , Fortino Mariagrazia , Scolaro Luigi Monsù , Pietropaolo Adriana
Published: September 2023

Self-assembly strategies are attracting considerable interest for the development and design of advanced chiral materials from the nano- up to the macroscale.
Elucidating the cell penetrating properties of self-assembling β-peptides
Authors: McFetridge Meg L. , Kulkarni Ketav , Lee Tzong-Hsien , Del Borgo Mark P. , Aguilar Marie-Isabel , Ricardo Sharon D.
Published: September 2023

Self-assembling lipopeptide hydrogels possess promising characteristics for cell-encapsulation, however they may be unsuitable due to lipopeptide cell penetrating properties and mitochondrial localisation.
Near-infrared active ferrocenyl porous organic polymer with photothermal enhanced enzymatic activity for combination antibacterial application
Authors: Wang Lei , Shi Lin , Guo Taoyan , Yuan Jingsong , Zhou Baolong , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2023

A low-cost and easily prepared ferrocene-based broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent (i.e., FMC-POP) with near-infrared laser-enhanced enzyme activity was prepared in a facile manner for photothermal/enzyme synergetic antibacterial therapy.
A novel tetranuclear Cu(ii) complex for DNA-binding and in vitro anticancer activity
Authors: Cao Shuhua , Wang Anlin , Li Kaoxue , Lin Zhiteng , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Xiaolei , Qiu Jianmei , Tai Xishi
Published: September 2023

A novel tetranuclear Cu(ii) complex was successfully synthesized, which could bind to DNA through an intercalative mode and cleave the DNA leading to cell death.
A mini-review on liquid air energy storage system hybridization, modelling, and economics: towards carbon neutrality
Authors: Salem Ahmed M. , Khaira Ahmed M.
Published: September 2023

LAES design, background, limitations, and the associated techno-economic analysis is reviewed, focusing on the recent modelling, and integration with other systems, which was found to boost the system performance, and increase the profit.
Retraction: Gel scaffolds and emerging applications in biomedicine
Authors: Rajasekar Mani , Lavanya Manivannan
Published: September 2023

Retraction of ‘Gel scaffolds and emerging applications in biomedicine’ by Mani Rajasekar et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 15925–15949, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA00924B.
Making photocatalysts screenable – a milliscale multi-batch screening photoreactor as extension for the modular photoreactor
Authors: Kowalczyk Daniel , Knorr Gergely , Peneva Kalina , Ziegenbalg Dirk
Published: September 2023

A comprehensively documented and photonically characterized multi-batch screening photoreactor with a capacity of up to 49 milli-scale reactors is presented as a tool for screening and reaction optimization for light-driven reactions.
Fluid–solid transitions in photonic crystals of soft, thermoresponsive microgels
Authors: Hildebrandt M. , Pham Thuy D. , Kippenberger J. , Wigger T. L. , Houston J. E. , Scotti A. , Karg M.
Published: September 2023

Absorbance spectroscopy and SAXS provide insights into fluid–solid transitions of core–shell microgels in dense packings.
Advancement of transition metal dichalcogenides for solar cells: a perspective
Authors: Bozheyev Farabi
Published: September 2023

The past and recent progress, perspectives for transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, WSe2) for photovoltaics are elucidated.
Li+ selective transport network-assisted high-performance of garnet-based solid electrolyte for Li metal batteries
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Luo Changwei , Hua Qingsong
Published: September 2023

The interface contact of Li/LLZO is addressed by the in situ construction of a 3D cross-linked Li+ selective transport network for Li+ transfer (BiLi3) and electron blockage (LiCl) using thermal lithiation with BiCl3.
Arbitrary‐oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction for complex crossing road in aerial view
Authors: Li Shuang , Liu Chunsheng , Chen Luchang
Published: September 2023

Different from object detection in natural images, aerial‐view object detection faces special challenges with large changes in object orientation and wide multi‐scale distribution. Many methods based on Oriented Bounding Boxes (OBB) can reach accurate results, yet may face the problem of parameter mutation and axis prediction deviation. To address these problems, a two‐stage detection framework is proposed for arbitrary‐oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction, named Axis Prediction Network. First, a Deformable Convolution Fusion Module (DCF‐Module) is proposed to enhance the ability of FPN to extract multi‐scale semantic features, for dealing with the multi‐scale change of objects. Then, the axis heat‐map prediction head network is proposed to fit the long axis of oriented objects labeled with Gaussian model, which uses pixel‐by‐pixel prediction heatmap to calculate the long axis of the object, avoiding the angle mutation of an OBB. Last, the long and short side prediction head network is proposed to predict the shape of an oriented object, avoiding the mutation of the width and height of an OBB. The experiments are conducted on the new built Crossroad dataset and the public DOTA dataset. Experiment results show that the proposed method achieve good performance in arbitrary‐oriented traffic participant detection and axis prediction in aerial view.
Oil production from local oil
Authors: Ismoilov Muminjon , Khamidov Bosit , Yakubova G. , Abdurakhmonov Eldor , Khamidov Shavkat
Published: September 2023

Acids in oil are one of the raw materials needed to prevent corrosion in the oil industry, as well as raw materials needed for the extraction of oil. In this case, the fractions of the oil acids are first separated and the oils in the various cyclic compounds are extracted from them. Oil acids are widely used in the most important sectors of the economy; The annual industrial demand for naphthenic acids is several times higher than their production. Despite the sharp deficit, a large part of the oil acids were lost in the refineries. Therefore, research on the discovery of sources of petroleum acids is urgent, and it is necessary to study the detailed composition of natural oil acids, which are separated from the high fat content in them.
Influence of comorbid diseases in the elderly on the efficiency complex conservative of pain in efficacy of treatment of back pain in the elderly with comorbidities
Authors: Adambaev Z.I. , Kilichev I.A. , Boltaeva Z.O. , Khodjanova T.R. , Shamuratova G.B.
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study: to determine the structure of dorsalgia and comorbid diseases and the possibilities of rehabilitation in elderly patients with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine (DDSD). The results of observation of 120 elderly patients who received sanatorium treatment in the Urgench sanatorium during 2020-21, aged 60-74 years, were analyzed, including 71 women, 49 men. All patients underwent a neurological examination, X-ray, CT or MRI of the spine, to identify comorbid diseases - ECG, ultrasound of internal organs, consultations with a general practitioner, urologist or gynecologist. According to the literature data and the results obtained, when selecting elderly patients with dorsalgia for treatment, it is necessary to take into account the “red flags” and refer such patients to specialized specialists. In addition, other comorbid diseases are identified in the elderly, which may limit the treatment of drug and physiotherapy (rehabilitation) therapy, which must be considered. Finally, in the elderly, it is necessary to take into account the so-called “yellow flags” - cognitive and depressive manifestations that affect the subjective sensation of pain.
Creating conditions for the sustainability of communicative competencies
Authors: Katkova Irina , Shokhova Olga , Mottaeva Angela
Published: September 2023

The study is devoted to the psychological and pedagogical problems of the formation and stability of communicative competence necessary for the effective development of children with special educational needs, including severe multiple developmental disorders, the structure and features of the state of communicative competence are considered, the features leading to the inferiority of this competence are identified: the lack of formation of speech activity and its components that participate in communicative interaction between people, difficulties in determining the potential of communication skills in children with severe multiple disabilities, difficulties in determining the uniqueness of the personal and communicative development of children of the studied category at different stages of education, as well as conditions for the formation and stability of this phenomenon in children with severe multiple developmental disabilities receiving education in preschool and school periods. Among the main conditions for the stability of this phenomenon are the definition of an algorithm for the formation of communication skills in different types of activities; the presence of team communicative interaction of all subjects of the educational process. The continuity of the accompanying process is substantiated as the basis for the formation and further stable result of communicative competence in children with severe multiple developmental disorders.
Volkskrankheit diabetische Retinopathie
Authors: Spital Georg , Faatz Henrik
Published: September 2023

Die diabetische Retinopathie (DR) ist eine der häufigsten Komplikationen von Diabetes mellitus und eine der häufigsten Ursachen einer Sehminderung im Erwerbsalter in der westlichen Welt.
Die Behandlung der DR hängt von der Ausprägung ab, daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, die Patienten möglichst früh zu detektieren, um eine frühzeitige Behandlung einzuleiten und das
Sehvermögen zu erhalten. Trotz derzeit unzureichender Screeningteilnahme frequentieren Menschen mit Diabetes bereits überdurchschnittlich häufig augenärztliche Praxen und Kliniken. Ihre
Betreuung samt Diagnostik und Therapie nimmt seit Jahren einen wachsenden Anteil der augenärztlichen Tätigkeit ein. Da weltweit die Diabetesprävalenz dramatisch zunimmt und auch für
Deutschland eine weitere Zunahme prognostiziert wird, dürfte die Herausforderung für die Augenärztinnen und Augenärzte noch erheblich wachsen. Gleichzeitig werden die diagnostischen
Möglichkeiten zur Differenzierung einer DR und die therapeutischen Maßnahmen – gerade mit der IVOM-Therapie – immer aufwendiger, was die zeitliche Belastung im klinischen Alltag erhöht. Die
Hoffnung, Versorgungsengpässe zu vermeiden und Screeningraten sowie die Visusprognose bei Patienten mit DR weiter zu verbessern, beruht u. a. auf einem kameraassistierten Screening,
unterstützt durch künstliche Intelligenz. Auch eine bessere Diabetesbehandlung, um die Prävalenz der DR zu senken, sowie länger wirksamere Medikamente für die Behandlung einer DR könnten in
der Zukunft die Versorgung der Betroffenen verbessern und helfen, augenärztliche Praxen zu entlasten.
A Prospective Trial on Reuse of Tissue Expanders
Authors: Agrawal K , Panda K N , Agrawal A
Published: September 2023

A report on a prospective trial on the reuse of tissue expander is presented, to determine the feasibility of reusing these implants, the risks involved and the incidence of complications. Four tissue expanders of different capacities were repeatedly used in 17 patients for different indications, after explaining the possible risks to all of them. Two patients encountered complications while reusing the expanders, but this did not compromise the final result. We feel that like refurbished cardiac pacemakers, the reuse of these expanders has no untoward effect on the patient as well as on the reconstructive procedure. A protocol for expander removal, resterilization and testing has been described.
Calvarial Bone Graft for Cranial Bone Defects
Authors: Biswas G , Tiwari M K
Published: September 2023

Cranial defects are commonly a result of high velocity trauma. Bone loss may also occur as a consequence of infection or following surgical excision for tumour. Reconstruction of these defects has been attempted with both alloplastic and autogenic materials. This paper outlines the use of the calvarium, as a source of autogenic graft, for such defects in 12 patients. Two techniques for safely harvesting calvarial bone grafts, selection of appropriate procedure, fixation and results are discussed along with relevant literature.
A Retrospective Evaluation of Liposuction in the Treatment of Gynaecomastia
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Parul Parul
Published: September 2023

A retrospective study of 11 gynaecomastia patients was done to evaluate the efficacy of liposuction in its treatment. Seven patients had pseudogynaecomastia, where liposuction alone gave satisfactory results. Two patients were of mixed gynaecomastia type and in them excision of glandular tissue was required in addition to liposuction. One patient had true gynaecomastia in which excision of glandular tissue was done due to failed liposuction.
Effect of polyurethane coating on mechanical response of shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Wu Shaofu , Zuo Shungui , Wang Bo , Kong Haijuan , Liu Yu , Xiao Fei
Published: September 2023

In micro-electro-mechanical systems, the risk of short circuit arises when shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators mistakenly come into contact with other metal parts. Coating the SMAs with insulating layer can solve this problem. However, unlike traditional conductive wires that experience minimal length changes with current, SMA wires undergo significant length variations during electrical execution. This can affect the bonding between the coating and the SMA wires, as well as the mechanical response of the actuators. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of an insulating coating on the mechanical response of SMA wires. The results show that a layer of polyurethane coating provides long-term insulation to the SMA wires. While this coating reduces the recoverable strain of SMA wires under passive heating, its effect on actuation strain under electrical heating is relatively minor. Additionally, the coating enables the SMA wire to work smoothly by relieving overshooting and vibration phenomena during execution, and helps the wire work in a wider current range than an uncoated wire. Moreover, the coating enhances the response speed of SMA wires during power-on but reduces the response speed during power-off, this influence weakens as driving currents increase. These distinct mechanical responses can be primarily attributed to the coating’s influence on heat transfer behavior of the SMA wires.
Electromagnetic-mechanical coupling analysis of high-temperature superconducting racetrack coil
Authors: Yu Liuyuan , Niu Mengdie , Yong Huadong , Zhou Youhe
Published: September 2023

The second-generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductor has been recognized as one of the most promising materialsfor high field magnets due to its superior electromagnetic and mechanical performances. HTS racetrack coils wound with the coated conductors are an extensively used configuration in engineering applications, such as HTS machines and high-speed maglevs. In this paper, in order to analyze the electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of HTS racetrack coils, a 3D coupled electromagnetic-mechanical model is used to consider the effect of coil deformation and the strain dependence of critical current. The effectiveness of the coupled model is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data in the literature. A numerical simulation of a 3D HTS racetrack coil subjected to an external electromagnetic field is carried out using coupled and uncoupled models. The results indicate that the structure deformation can reduce the penetration depth of the screening current, and the hoop stress and strain are mainly concentrated on the circular part of the racetrack coil. Afterwards, the influences of various parameters on the electromagnetic and mechanical responses of the HTS racetrack coil are also investigated.
Nonmonotonic dependence of adhesion between liquid aluminum and silicon surface on the temperature of the surface
Authors: Liu Zhanying , Rui Zhiyuan , Huang Yuan , Lv Xin , Zhuo Junting , Ding Simin , Dong Yun
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the effect of temperature on the adhesion properties between liquid aluminum (Al) and solid silicon (Si) in the presence and absence of vacancy defects is elucidated. Firstly, the perfect defect-free and vacancy defect models consist of crystalline Al probe and Si substrate are established by classical molecular dynamics simulation method. Then, the melting and adhesion process of probe Al are simulated, and the adhesion performance and microscopic permeation evolution of liquid Al/solid Si are analyzed. The results show that the adhesion force changes nonmonotonically with increasing substrate temperature T without vacancy defects. Specifically, when the substrate temperature varies at relatively low values smaller than the melting point of Al, that is, 100 K < T < 933 K, the thermal excitation provides more energy to the substrate Si atoms, which intensifies the aggregation of the substrate atoms, makes the interfacial atoms more dense and the number of atoms permeating into the substrate decreases, resulting in a decrease in adhesion force. On the contrary, when 933 K < T < 1500 K, due to the thermal effect, higher temperatures intensify the thermal vibration of the substrate atoms, resulting in violent collisions between the interfacial atoms, and the space for free movement increases, thus making the distance between the atoms larger. And the number of Al atoms permeating into the substrate Si increases, leading to an increase in interfacial adhesion. Furthermore, the adhesion force shows an upward trend with the elevated temperature in the presence of vacancy defects at low temperatures, this is attributed to the fact that more atoms are broken away from the equilibrium lattice structure, and the number of permeating atoms increases by increasing temperature. In particular, the interfacial adhesion is the largest when the vacancy defects of the substrate are the most serious.
Inflation and electroweak symmetry breaking
Authors: Alexander Stephon
Published: September 2023

We present a model of Cosmological Electroweak Symmetry
Breaking (CEWSB), where a Higgs-like field and a cosmological
background of weak boson gauge fields interact with gravity to
realize the epoch of cosmic inflation, which is then followed by a
Higgs resonance preheating. As a result, the scale of electroweak
symmetry breaking is linked with the end of inflation. The theory
is equipped with a shift symmetry that can protect the Higgs mass,
and it has close semblance to natural inflation and its variants.
As the Higgs field's amplitude decays at the end of inflation, its
mass emerges. The model has a built in Higgs self-resonance
preheating mechanism which leads to the possible emergence of the
cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to resonant Higgs, quark and
lepton production after inflation. We provide a pathway to
implement a similar mechanism with the realistic Higgs-doublet of
the standard electroweak theory and discuss phenomenological
considerations.
Enhancing the Goos–Hänchen shift based on quasi-bound states in the continuum through material asymmetric dielectric compound gratings
Authors: Jiang 江 Xiaowei 孝伟 , Fang 方 Bin 彬 , Zhan 占 Chunlian 春连
Published: September 2023

Quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) resonance is gradually attracting attention and being applied in Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift enhancement due to its high quality (Q) factor and superior optical confinement. Currently, symmetry-protected QBIC resonance is often achieved by breaking the geometric symmetry, but few cases are achieved by breaking the material symmetry. This paper proposes a dielectric compound grating to achieve a high Q factor and high-reflection symmetry-protectede QBIC resonance based on material asymmetry. Theoretical calculations show that the symmetry-protected QBIC resonance achieved by material asymmetry can significantly increase the GH shift up to −980 times the resonance wavelength, and the maximum GH shift is located at the reflection peak with unity reflectance. This paper provides a theoretical basis for designing and fabricating high-performance GH shift tunable metasurfaces/dielectric gratings in the future.
Molecular states in
systems*
Authors: Yalikun Nijiati , Dong 董 Xiang-Kun 相坤 , Zou 邹 Bing-Song 冰松
Published: September 2023

The possible hadronic molecules in

systems with

, and

are investigated with interactions described by light meson exchanges. By varying the cutoff in a phenomenologically reasonable range of

GeV, we find ten near-threshold (bound or virtual) states in the single-channel case. After introducing the coupled-channel dynamics of

-

-

-

-

-

systems, these states, except those below the lowest channels in each

sector, move into the complex energy plane and become resonances in the mass range

GeV. Their spin-parities and nearby thresholds are

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

, and

. The impact of the

-term in the one-boson-exchange model on these states is presented. Setting

GeV as an illustrative value, it is found that

is a stable bound state (becoming unstable if the coupling to lower channels is turned on),

and

are physical resonances in cases where the

-term is included or excluded, and the other seven states are physical resonances or "virtual-state-like" poles near thresholds, depending on whether the

-term is included. In addition, the partial decay widths of the physical resonances are provided. These double-charm hidden-strangeness pentaquark states, as the partners of the experimentally observed

and

states, can be searched for in the

final states in the future.
Constraining the Spatial Curvature of the Local Universe with Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Liang , Hu Li-Juan , Tang Li , Wu Ying
Published: September 2023

We use the distance sum rule method to constrain the spatial curvature of the Universe with a large sample of 161 strong gravitational lensing systems, whose distances are calibrated from the Pantheon compilation of type Ia supernovae using deep learning. To investigate the possible influence of mass model of the lens galaxy on constraining the curvature parameter Ω
k
, we consider three different lens models. Results show that a flat Universe is supported in the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) model with the parameter

Ω

k

=

0.049

−
0.125

+
0.147

. While in the power-law (PL) model, a closed Universe is preferred at the ∼3σ confidence level, with the parameter

Ω

k

=
−

0.245

−
0.071

+
0.075

. In the extended PL model, the 95% confidence level upper limit of Ω
k
is <0.011. As for the parameters of the lens models, constraints on the three models indicate that the mass profile of the lens galaxy could not be simply described by the standard SIS model.
Ode to Bayesian methods in metrology
Authors: Meija Juris , Bodnar Olha , Possolo Antonio
Published: September 2023

Bayesian statistical methods are being used increasingly often in measurement science, similarly to how they now pervade all the sciences, from astrophysics to climatology, and from genetics to social sciences. Within metrology, the use of Bayesian methods is documented in peer-reviewed publications that describe the development of certified reference materials or the characterization of CIPM key comparison reference values and the associated degrees of equivalence. This contribution reviews Bayesian concepts and methods, and provides guidance for how they can be used in measurement science, illustrated with realistic examples of application. In the process, this review also provides compelling evidence to the effect that the Bayesian approach offers unparalleled means to exploit all the information available that is relevant to rigorous and reliable measurement. The Bayesian outlook streamlines the interpretation of uncertainty evaluations, aligning their meaning with how they are perceived intuitively: not as promises about performance in the long run, but as expressions of documented and justified degrees of belief about the truth of specific conclusions supported by empirical evidence. This review also demonstrates that the Bayesian approach is practicable using currently available modeling and computational techniques, and, most importantly, that measurement results obtained using Bayesian methods, and predictions based on Bayesian models, including the establishment of metrological traceability, are amenable to empirical validation, no less than when classical statistical methods are used for the same purposes. Our goal is not to suggest that everything in metrology should be done in a Bayesian way. Instead, we aim to highlight applications and kinds of metrological problems where Bayesian methods shine brighter than the classical alternatives, and deliver results that any classical approach would be hard-pressed to match.