bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solidification of Metals and Alloys
Authors: Kumar Mohanty Upendra , Sarangi Hrushikesh
Published: December 2020

In order to analyse the process of solidification of metals and alloys critically, it is most pertinent to understand the different modes of nucleation and the uneven rates of growth throughout the melt. It is also important to take a note of the constraints in the growth process that definitely influence the crystal structure and the structure related properties of the casting. The freezing pattern of the liquid melt decides the feeding of the mould which is instrumental in producing a complete and compact casting. For pure metals and even in case of alloys with a narrow freezing range a well defined solid–liquid macro-interface exists. Here feeding of the solidifying casting is the easiest, by the common lowering of the liquid metal surface in the mould. However, in many instances, a well defined interface is not witnessed. The solid–liquid interface could be discrete and not continuous. Here process of feeding the solidification sites that witness considerable shrinkages, may become complicated. On grounds of above it is implied, the process of solidification constitutes an important aspects in the production of a defect free casting.
EEG Measurement as a Tool for Rehabilitation Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Nakano Hideki
Published: December 2020

In recent years, neuroscience-based rehabilitation, also known as neurorehabilitation, has been attracting increasing attention worldwide. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in clinical practice as a tool for the evaluation and treatment of rehabilitation because of its noninvasive and simple measurement of human brain activity. EEG-electromyography coherence is a method to analyze the synchronization between the motor cortex and muscle activity during movement and to quantitatively assess how the motor cortex controls muscle activity. In addition, recent advances in analysis and measurement techniques have made it possible to estimate the source of EEG signals, thus serving as a method to evaluate rehabilitation. The brain-machine interface, which integrates medicine and engineering, has been widely applied in the treatment of rehabilitation and for improving the quality of life. This chapter provides an overview of EEG, and its uses as a tool for rehabilitation assessment and treatment.
Ethics in Internet (Document)
Authors:   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

Today, the earth is an interconnected globe humming with electronic transmissions-a chattering planet nestled in the provident silence of space. The ethical question is whether this is contributing to authentic human development and helping individuals and peoples to be true to their transcendent destiny. The new media are powerful tools for education, cultural enrichment, commercial activity, political participation, intercultural dialogue and understanding. They also can serve the cause of religion. Yet the new information technology needs to be informed and guided by solidarity in the service of the common good bridging the digital divide within and among nations. The value-laden message of Western secular culture to people and traditional societies in many cases ill-prepared to evaluate it leads to widespread crisis, for example, in regard to marriage and family life. This technology can be a means for solving human problems, promoting the integral development of persons, creating a world governed by justice, peace, and love. It also can help men and women in their age-old search for self-understanding. Like today's world itself, the world of media, including the Internet, has been brought by Christ, inchoately yet truly, within the boundaries of the kingdom of God and placed in service to the word of salvation.
Building a Pedagogical Relationship between Philosophy and Digital Humanities through a Creative Arts Paradigm
Authors: Mills Taylor Elyse ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2020

Though numerous disciplines are cultivating pedagogical relationships with the emerging field of digital humanities, philosophy appears to be among the least interested in what digital humanities has to offer. This is a missed opportunity. Through a proper pedagogical framing of both fields, I argue that philosophy educators would benefit from building a pedagogical relationship with digital humanities. First, I outline digital humanities methods and teaching practices, then I identify several core educational aims and teaching methods in philosophy, which I conceptualize in terms of a creative art. Ultimately, I argue that digital humanities practices would enhance philosophy’s education aims by making philosophy more relevant and accessible to students’ needs, by fostering active learning, by establishing more equitable, collaborative participation, and by balancing skill-development with philosophical creation. The goal of this essay is not to replace traditional philosophy pedagogy, but rather to supplement it to better support modern students’ needs.
Local ownership, inclusivity and civil-military synergy in EU external action: The case of EU support to security sector reforms in Mali
Authors: Vogelaar Gabriëlla
Published: December 2020

The evolution of the European Union (EU) as a security and peacebuilding actor raises questions as to its identity as a largely civilian power alongside the development of its military capabilities. Specifically, a key challenge lies in how its civilian and military capabilities relate to each other as they develop, with increasing expectations from the EU to act effectively across its peacebuilding and conflict prevention interventions. The EU aims to do more to link top-down and bottom-up approaches, but there is currently a lack of focus on the latter. In exploring the challenges and opportunities for the EU to enhance its potential for civil-military synergies in crisis management, the paper takes a holistic whole-of-society perspective, asking questions about the level of inclusivity and local ownership in its approaches. The paper takes a closer look at the European Union Training Mission (EUTM) and European Union Capacity Building Mission in Mali (EUCAP Sahel Mali) as a specific case. Based on the findings, this paper argues the EU could be more effective, especially at the operational level, by taking a more bottom-up approach in the areas of designing, planning, monitoring and evaluating interventions. The EU will need to find ways to better embed its interventions in local realities, for instance by working with local civil society in the EU's security sector reform efforts, and offering platforms for more civilian oversight and feedback mechanisms. Only then, with a stronger focus on the inclusivity and local ownership aspects of civil and military action of the EU, will it be able to better address the 'intangible aspects' of security sector reform.
El FOGASA ante el despido de quien se integra en la mercantil que prosigue la actividad
Authors: Gallego Moya Fermín
Published: December 2020

En contextos de crisis económica, es un fenómeno reconocible el intento de quienes vieron extinguido su contrato de trabajo por cierre de empresa, de reactivar la actividad productiva, constituyendo sociedades limitadas que, con mimbres distintos a los de la economía social, reactivan la actividad de aquella mercantil insolvente o concursada aprovechando su experiencia laboral y los contactos con antiguos proveedores y clientes. Dicha “reconstrucción” de la empresa quebrada se percibe en muchos casos, por el Fondo de Garantía Salarial, como un fenómeno sucesorio que elimina el derecho de dichos trabajadores a percibir las indemnizaciones derivadas de aquella extinción contractual que el órgano de garantía no considera como tal. En este trabajo pretendemos distinguir aquellos supuestos en los que concurre la auténtica sucesión de empresa que neutraliza la intervención del Fondo de Garantía Salarial, de aquellos otros casos en que, siguiendo la interpretación flexibilizadora de nuestros Tribunales ante un panorama de destrucción y escasez del empleo como el actual, se considera compatible la compensación indemnizatoria por el empleo perdido con la nueva prestación laboral que surgió de las cenizas de la vieja empresa.  

In contexts of economic crisis, the attempt of those who saw their contract expired due to the closing of the company is a recognizable phenomenon, revive productive activity, constituting limited societies that, with different tools from the social economy, they revive the activity of that insolvent or bankrupt company taking advantage of their work experience, and contacts with former suppliers and customers. This “reconstruction” of the bankrupt company is perceived in many cases, by the Wage Guarantee Fund, as a succession phenomenon which eliminates the right of such workers to receive compensation arising from that contractual extinction which the guarantee body does not consider as such. In this project we intend to distinguish those assumptions in which the true company succession concurs and which neutralizes the intervention of the Wage Guarantee Fund, those other cases in which, following the flexible interpretation of our courts faced with a panorama of destruction and scarcity of employment as the current, compensation for jobs lost with the new labour provision that arose from the ashes of the old company is considered to be compatible.
La impugnación de acuerdos sociales
Authors: Piqueras Casado Lourdes María
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación tiene como principal propósito llevar a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la impugnación de acuerdos sociales. Esta materia, recurrente en la práctica mercantil, se ha mantenido en nuestro Derecho sin demasiados cambios durante mucho tiempo. Sin embargo, en 2014 se llevó a cabo la reforma de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital siendo uno de los puntos más tratados la impugnación de acuerdos sociales. Con la reforma se han introducido múltiples novedades que han unificado y mejorado la situación que existía con anterioridad en lo respectivo a la impugnación de los acuerdos societarios. Se han introducido, así mismo, nuevos límites a la acción de impugnación puesto que lo que busca el legislador es mantener la voluntad común de todos los socios y que es el fundamento último por el que se creó la sociedad inicialmente. Así, a lo largo de este proyecto de investigación vemos cuáles son las diferentes novedades y mejoras que aparecen con la reforma operada en 2014 y que se encuentran vigentes en la actualidad.

The purpose of this investigation is to analyse thoroughly the challenge of social agreements. This issue, very common in the commercial law area, it is been kept in our national Law without any changes for a long period of time. Nevertheless, in 2014 a reform of the Corporate Enterprises Act had place and the challenge os social agreements was one of the main important matters changed. With this reform different aspects of the have been unified and improved from the previous legislation of the social agreements. Moreover, limits have been determined in order to maintain above all the shared will of the associates which was the driving force to create the company in the first place. Thus, along this investigation proyect it is shown the modifications and improvements which have place with the reform that happen in 2014.
Stress Estimation of Offshore Structures
Authors:   , Tarpø Marius
Published: December 2020

Offshore structures are subjected to a harsh environment where the fluctuating waves continuously strain the structures and these forces cause the initiation and propagation of cracks in the structures. In other words, the structures accumulate fatigue damage, which eventually leads to structural failure. To avoid fatigue failure, the operational lifetime of a structure is limited to a design lifetime in which the structure is safe for operation. This design process is based on precautious stochastic assessments, norms, and industry standards that simplify the actual structure and environment in such a manner that it involves little risk of structural failure. As many structures in the North Sea approach the end of their design lifetime, the owners are faced with a dilemma: either abandon the field or replace the structures. Another option is the lifetime extension of the existing structures. This requires a reduction of the uncertainties in the design process - such as the stress history in fatigue-critical location. Unfortunately, these locations are often inaccessible or directly harmful to the sensors due to the hostile environment of the ocean. This thesis focuses on virtual sensing to estimate the stress/strain response of offshore structures by indirect measurements. The thesis addresses the state of the art and maps some essential issues within stress/strain estimation. In this thesis, stress/strain estimation is applied to different test specimens to address certain scientific issues. Parts of the thesis relate to the calibration of the system model for virtual sensing by operational modal analysis.
Koučinga aktivitāšu ietekmes uz uzņēmuma sniegumu novērtēšanas metodoloģija
Authors:   , Roša Angelina
Published: December 2020

Lai panāktu ilgtspējīgu sniegumu, uzņēmumam ir jāatbalsta tās darbinieki to attīstībā, jāuzlabo informētība par nepieciešamajām izmaiņām un jāmudina uzņemties vairāk atbildības par pašu mācīšanos un izaugsmi. Koučingam kā vienai no izaugsmes veicināšanas aktivitātēm ir būtiska nozīme, lai rosinātu pozitīvas pārmaiņas darbinieku uzvedībā attiecībā uz procesiem, kas vērsti uz ar darbu saistītu mērķu sasniegšanu. Šī iemesla dēļ koučingā ieinteresētu uzņēmumu skaits Latvijā pakāpeniski pieaug. Tomēr ir daudz neskaidrību attiecībā uz koučinga jēdzienu, un tas tiek definēts dažādi, kā rezultātā pastāv neskaidrības par tā priekšmetu. Pētnieki ir pārliecināti par koučinga iedarbību un ir vienisprātis, ka ir svarīgi koučinga aktivitāšu ietekmi novērtēt. Tomēr viņu starpā nav vienprātības par metodoloģiju, kas būtu piemērota koučinga aktivitāšu ietekmes novērtēšanai. Šis jautājums ir būtisks arī uzņēmumiem, kas iegulda līdzekļus koučingā; viņiem nepieciešams būt drošiem, ka koučings patiešām dod pienesumu viņu sniegumam. Tāpēc šī promocijas darba ietvaros veiktā pētījuma mērķis ir atrisināt šīs pētniecības problēmas un izstrādāt koučinga aktivitāšu ietekmes uz uzņēmuma sniegumu dažādos dzīves cikla posmos novērtēšanas metodoloģiju. Lai sasniegtu šo mērķi, tika izpētīts un definēts koučinga jēdziens, pamatojoties uz to, kas koučings ir un kas nav, ņemot vērā arī Baltijas kontekstu. Tika noteikti un sistematizēti dažādi koučinga veidi un formas, kā arī labvēlīgie apstākļi koučinga veicināšanai uzņēmumos. Kā pamats koučinga aktivitāšu ietekmes uz uzņēmuma sniegumu novērtēšanas metodoloģijai tika izstrādāta pieeja koučinga veidu un formu kapacitātes pielāgošanai uzņēmuma attīstības vajadzībām un vēlmēm. Tik aizstrādāta un aprobēta metodoloģija, kas nodrošina teorētisko bāzi un kalpo par praktisku rīku, kas ļauj uzraudzīt koučinga aktivitāšu ietekmi uz uzņēmuma sniegumu.
ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION OF TIN FILMS
Authors: WU GUANG-MING  , WANG JUE  , TANG XUE-FENG  , GU MU  , CHEN LING-YANG  , SHEN JUN  ,   同济大学波耳固体物理研究所，上海  200092
Published: December 2020

The growth kinetics of the oxide film and oxidation mechanism on tin films prepared by the electron-beam evaporation in the temperature range of 250—400℃ by an isothermal process were investigated. Based on an X-ray diffraction, auger electron spectrum, scanning electron microscope and alpha-step instrument, the evolution of the structure, composition, morphology and thickness of the oxide on tin films has been studied. In the studied temperature region, the growth of the oxide film was found to obey a parabolic growth-rate law with an activation energy of about 0.34eV, and is controlled by the oxygen diffusion from the loose oxide. It is concluded that the growth of the oxide begins from the formation of a SnO phase，with the increase of the oxidation time, the SnO phase decomposes and a Sn3O4 phase forms due to the SnO thermal and chemical unstability, and the deeper oxidation transfers the Sn3O4 phase to a SnO2 phase.
FABRICATION AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF a-Si/SiO2 SUPERLATTICES
Authors: LIU NING-NING  , SUN  JIA-MING  , PAN SHAO-HUA  , CHEN ZHENG-HAO  , WANG RONG-PING  , SHI WEN-SHENG  , WANG XIAO-GUANG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室，北京  100080；中国科学院凝聚态物理中心，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Amorphous Si/SiO2 superlattices have been deposited on glass substrates using two-target alternation magnetron sputtering technique. The samples are characterized using transmission electron microscope and low-angle X-ray reflectance techniques. The results indicate that most of the regions in Si layers consist of amorphous phase in the superlattices, while the regular structure appears in some local regions rarely. The thicknesses of Si layers are in a range from 18 to 3.2nm and the thickness of SiO2 layer is 4.0nm in all cases. The samples are systematically studied using absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The absorption edge positions and PL peaks shift towards shorter wavelengths while Raman spectra show broader peaks with decreasing Si layer thickness. The results are mainly attributed to the quantum confinement effects.
LIE SYMMETRIES AND CONSERVED QUANTITIES OF RELATIVISTIC BIRKHOFF SYSTEMS
Authors: FU JING-LI  , WANG XIN-MIN  ,   商丘师范学院物理系，商丘  476000
Published: December 2020

The Pfaff-Birkhoff principle and the Birkhoff equations for relativistic Birkhoff systems are given. The definition of an infinitesimal generator for the relativistic Birkhoff systems is given; by using the invariance of the ordinary differential equations under the infinitesimal transformations, the determining equations of Lie symmetries for the systems are established; the structure equation and the conserved quantities are obtained. And the inverse problem of Lie symmetries of the systems is also studied. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the result.
RELATIVISTIC DYNAMIC EQUATION AND VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR ROTATIONAL VARIABLE MASS SYSTEM
Authors: FANG JIAN-HUI  ,   石油大学应用物理系，山东东营  257062
Published: December 2020

In this paper, Simultaneously considering the problem of classical variable mass and the relativistic effect of mass variation with velocity, the fundamental relativistic equation of dynamics, Dalembert principle and Lagrange equation for fixed-axis rotational variable mass system are built.
EXTERIOR GRAVITATIONAL PERTURBATION ON GENERALIZED SCHWARZSCHILD GEOMETRY
Authors: LI XIN-ZHOU  , YUAN  NING-YI  , LIU DAO-JUN  , HAO JIAN-GANG  ,   (1)华东理工大学理论物理研究所，上海  200237; (2)上海师范大学物理系，上海  200234; (3)上海师范大学物理系，上海  200234;华东理工大学理论物理研究所，上海  200237
Published: December 2020

Using Regge-Wheeler's method,axial perturbation equation of generalized Schwarzschild geometry is derived.The numerical results of quasi-normal modes for given angular momentum L and parameter λ indicate the instability of the geometry,which is in agreement with our analytic results.
THE EIKONAL APPROXIMATION CALCULATION OF ELECTRON CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONS FOR H+,He2+ IONS COLLIDED WITH Li ATOM
Authors: MA SHU-HONG  , ZHANG XIAN-ZHOU  , LIANG YAN-TIAN  , SUN JIN-FENG  ,   (1)河南师范大学物理与信息工程学院，新乡  453002; (2)新乡师范高等专科学校物理系，新乡  453000
Published: December 2020

We have improved the prior-form eikonal approximation to the corrected effective-potential eikonal approximation, using the valence electron effective-potential of Li atom, and calculated the total electron capture cross sections for H+， He2+ ions collided with Li atom. The present results are in agreement with experments.
FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS INVESTIGATION ON ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM 2D CONDUCTING ROUGH SURFACE
Authors: GUO LI-XIN  , WU ZHEN-SEN  ,   西安电子科技大学理学院，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

A normalized two-dimensional band-limited Brown fractal function is presented for modelling the rough surface. An analytic solution of electromagnetic scattering field from this conducting band-limited Brown fractal surface is given based on Kirchhoff approximation. The average scattering field, the average scattering coefficient and the average intensity of scattering field are derived with emphasis on examining the relation of fractal dimension with the scattering pattern. The important conclusion is obtained that the diffracted envelope slopes of scattering pattern can be approximated to a slope of linear equation.
THE EFFECT OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OF CINNAMATE MATERIAL 2-(CINNAMOYLOXY)ETHYL METHACRYLATE ON LIQUID CRYSTAL MOLECULES ALIGNMENT
Authors: LIANG ZHAO-YAN  , YAN SHI  , XUAN LI  , MA KAI  , HUANG XI-MIN  , XIE  JING-LI  , ZHANG  YAN-JIE  , TIAN  YAN-QING  , ZHAO  YING-YING  , ZHANG  JIN-BAO  ,   (1)长春科技大学，长春  130023; (2)吉林大学化学系，长春  130023; (3)中国科学院长春物理研究所液晶实验室，中国科学院激发态物理开放实验室，长春  130021
Published: December 2020

We have investigated the alignment of liquid crystal LC-6710A molecules with Cinnamate material 2-(cinnamoyloxy) ethyl methacrylate (CEMC).The change of alignment of substrate surface was observed before and after photochemical reaction.The pretilt angle of LC molecules in photo-alignment cell was measured.The electro-optical property and time response curves of twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TNLCD) with single side photo-alignment substrate were obtained.The process of photochemical reaction of the material CEMC using linear polarized photopolymerization method by UV-light was studied in this paper.The mechanism of liquid crystal molecules alignment on substrate surface was discussed.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF C-BN ELECTRONICS TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: YU LI-JUAN  , ZHU CHANG-CHUN  ,   (1)西安建筑科技大学基础课部，西安  710055；西安交通大学微电子工程系，西安  710049; (2)西安交通大学微电子工程系，西安  710049
Published: December 2020

In the paper, according to the energy-band structure of C-BN and specific characteristics of polar semiconductor, the main scattering mechanism of C-BN is built, and the physical model applicable to Monte Carlo(MC) simulation is set up. It is the first time that the stable-state electronics transport characteristics of bulk C-BN is simulated by single electronics MC method. The variation laws of mean drift velocity, mobility as well as electronic energy with electrical field are obtained respectively. Also, the variation laws of electronic energy relaxation time and momentum relaxation time with electrical field are obtained respectively.
SIZE-SEPARATION EFFECT OF BLUE-EMITTING POROUS SILICON IN RTO PROCESS
Authors: FU XIAO-NAN  , LI XIN-JIAN  , JIA YU  , YAO QIAN-KAI  , ZENG FAN-GUANG  , CHEN QIAN-WANG  , ZHANG YU-HENG  ,   (1)郑州大学物理系和材料物理实验室，郑州  450052; (2)郑州大学物理系和材料物理实验室，郑州  450052；郑州粮食学院数理部，郑州  450052; (3)郑州大学物理系和材料物理实验室，郑州  450052；中国科学技术大学结构分析开放研究实验室，合肥  230026; (4)中国科学技术大学结构分析开放研究实验室，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

Blue-emitting porous silicon(PS) prepared by hydrothermal etching was treated by rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) process.Accompanying with the blue shift of the whole photoluminescence(PL) spectrum, the previous single PL peak split into two separate PL peaks. Simultaneously, the size-reduction and size-separation of the silicon nanocrystallites were observed. This result indicates that the short-wavelength emissions in PS are also strongly size-dependent.
CONTROL THE GAIN-NARROWING IN FEMTOSECOND Ti:SAPPHIRE AMPLIFIER BY SHAPING OSCILLATOR PULSE
Authors: CAO DONG-MAO  , WEI ZHI-YI  , TENG HAO  , XIA JIANG-FAN  , ZHANG JIE  , HOU XUN  ,   (1)西北大学光子学与光子技术研究所，西安  710069; (2)西北大学光子学与光子技术研究所，西安  710069；中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所瞬态光学技术国家重点开放实验室，西安  710069; (3)中国科学院物理研究所，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Numeric simulation of compensating gain-narrowing in femtosecond Ti:sapphire amplifier by shaping seed pulse is made in this paper,the gain spectral narrowing process are compared for multipass amplifiers with general and shaping seeding pulses injection respectively.On this base,we define the band width narrowing ratio,the simulation results show the gain-narrowing effect can be well overcome by shaping laser pulses from oscillator.
CALCULATION OF MAGNETIZATION CURVES FOR MAGNETICALLY ALIGNED Nd2Fe14B AND Pr2Fe14B
Authors: YAN YU  , JIN HAN-MIN  ,   吉林大学物理系，长春  130012
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the single-ion model, a method of calculation on the magnetizati on curves for magnetically aligned rare-earth-Fe(Co) intermetallic compound is d eveloped. High-field magnetization curves for magnetically aligned Nd2Fe14B and Pr2Fe14B were calculated by using th e above method. In the calculations, the fitted exchange and crystalline field p arameters from magnetization curves of the single crystals were used. The calcul ated curves agree well with the experiments.
COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL ECG RHYTHM:VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AND VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
Authors: ZHANG HONG-XUAN  , ZHU YI-SHENG  , NIU JIN-HAI  , TONG SHAN-BAO  ,   上海交通大学生命科学技术学院生物医学工程系，上海  200030
Published: December 2020

Based on surrogate data hypothesis testing, this paper presented an improved nonlinear test algorithm for deterministic chaotic signals, which is applied to the analysis of abnormal rhythm electrocardiosignals. It is pointed out that ventricular tachycardia(VT) and ventricular fibrillation(VF) are complex nonlinear chaotic signals, which was proved different from stochastic signal. On the basis of qualitative signal analysis and nonlinear dynamics, the authors forwarded a new definition of complexity rate and proposed relative detection methods for the quantitative analysis of VT and VF. The results indicated that the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of VT and VF can give objective and creditable results.
COULOMB EXPLOSIONS FOR SWIFT C60 ION-CLUSTERS PENETRATING IN SOLIDS Ⅰ—THE MODEL OF SPHERICAL SHELL
Authors: QIU HUA-TAN  , WANG YOU-NIAN  ,   大连理工大学物理系，三束材料改性国家重点实验室，大连  116023
Published: December 2020

We study the Coulomb explosions for swift C60 ion-clusters penetrating through solids.Assuming that the directions of relative position vectors between ions in the cluster are random distributions and using the spherical-shell model to describe the structures of the C60 ion-cluster,some analytical expressions of the self-energy of the cluster are obtained based on the linear-response dielectric theory with the PLA dielectric function.It has been found that by solving the equations of motion for the cluster radius,the wake effects in the self-energy can reduce the Coulomb explosions,and even stabilize the cluster structure.
ANALYSIS OF EDDY-CURRENT-LOSS IN Fe-BASED AMORPHOUS WIRES
Authors: LI YIN-FENG  , CHEN DU-XING  , GUO HUI-QUN  , M.VAZQUEZ  , A.HERNANDO  ,   (1)Instituto de Magnenismo Aplicado, UCM-RENFE-CSIC,P.O. Box  155,28230 Las Rozas,Madrid,Spain; (2)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

On the basis of core-shell structure model of amorphous wires, for Fe-based amorphous wire we consider that there are an axial anisotropy Kc in the core and a radial anisotropy Ks in the shell, both of Kc and Ks are functions of λs and σ0,the constants of stress energy density. We deduce the ac circular permeability μφ(r) and calculate the anomaly factor of low-frequency eddy-current-loss for this model,η=2.2, from Maxwell equation and Ohm's law. Comparison of the theoretical value with the experimental results indicates that the magnetic structure of Fe-based amorphous wires can be well described by this improved core-shell structure model.
PYROELECTRICITY OF TEMPERATURE-INDUCED PHASE TRANSITION IN TIN-MODIFIED LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE
Authors: FENG YU-JUN  , YAO XI  , XU ZHUO  ,   西安交通大学电子材料与器件研究所，西安  710049
Published: December 2020

The pyroelectricity of Pb0.99Nb0.02［(Zr1-xSnx)1-yTiy］0.98O3 antiferroelectric and ferroelectric ceramics is investigated. Experimental results show that phase transitions are accompanied with drastic electric current changes and form positive or negative pyroelectric peaks. The transformations from ferroelectric into antiferro- or paraelectric phases make positive pyroelectric peaks, and the transformations from antiferroelectric into ferro- or paraelectric phases make negative pyroelectric peaks. Suppose electrostatic potentials of various phases are different, then the relation between the orientation of pyroelectric peak and the type of phase transition could be explained properly. With the above relation the phase transitions with temperature variations in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric-ferroelectric materials can be defined.
RARE EARTH DOPED AlF3-BASED FLOURIDE GLASS
Authors: ZHANG LONG  , ZHANG JUN-JIE  , QI CHANG-HONG  , LIN FENG-YING  , HU HE-FANG  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海  201800
Published: December 2020

Energy transfers and upconversion fluorescence spectroscopy in both Er3＋ singly doped and Tm3＋-Yb3＋ co-doped AlF3-based flouride glass,excited at 970nm,are investigated experimentally.In Er3＋:AYF glass,the optium Er3＋content for 550nm emission is about at 6mol%,which is 12mol% in AZF glass.With the increase of Er3＋ content,the intensity ratio of the red emission to the green emission (Ired/Igreen) is increased in AYF and AZF glass,and the red emission intensity in these gass depends on (Ｐex)1.6.They are mainly due to a cross-relaxation process between two erbium ions,one in the 4Ｓ3/2 and the other in the 4Ｉ9/2.In Tm3＋-Yb3＋ co-doped AlF3-based flouride glass,the concentration quenching of Tm3＋ in blue at 476nm is stronger than that in infrared light at 793nm,and the optimum content of Tm3＋ for 476nm emission is about 0.1mol%,while it is (0.3—5)mol% for 793nm emission.The concentration quenching of Yb3＋ to upconvertion fluorescence is also observed.It may be due to the back-energy transfer from the 3Ｆ4 level of Tm3＋ to the 2Ｆ5/2 level of Yb3＋.
MULTIPLE-SCATTING CLUSTER STUDIES OF SO2 ADSORBED ON Ag(110)
Authors: ZHU PING  , TANG JING-CHANG  , HE JIANG-PING  ,   浙江大学物理系，硅材料科学国家重点实验室，杭州  310027
Published: December 2020

The multiple-scattering cluster method (MSC) has been used to study theoretically the sulphur K-edge NEXAFS of SO2 adsorbed on the Ag (110) at 1/2 coverage.It is shown that SO2 is adsorbed on the Ag (110) with S atom sitting in the hollow site and two O atoms being in an asymmetric geometry,the molecular plane is rotated from the (110) by approximately 52° and tited slightly towards the substrate.Compared to the case of the gas phase SO2,the O—S intramolecular bond length is elngated by (0.014±0.006)nm and the OSO bond angle is reduced by 15°±5° after adsorption.The resonance located between π* and σ* is proved to be induced by the interaction between SO2 and substrate.
THE EVENT HORIZON FORMULA OF BLACK HOLE
Authors: LI CHUAN-AN  ,   山东菏泽教育学院物理系，菏泽  274016
Published: December 2020

The general event horizon formula of black hole is given from null hypersurface equation.We prove that this formula is correct by Klein-Gordon equation,and we obtain yet the event horizon equation of arbitrarily accelerated black hole containing charges by using of this formula.
ENTROPY PROPETIES AND SCHRODINGER-CAT STATES OF THE FIELD INTERACTING WITH A Ξ TYPE THREE-LEVEL ATOM
Authors: LIU XIANG  , FANG MAO-FA  , LIU AN-LING  ,   (1)长沙电力学院，长沙  41007; (2)湖南师范大学物理系，长沙  410081
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the entropy properties of the field interacting with a Ξ type three-level atom, derive the calculating formula of the field(atomic)ent ropy, and discuss the influence of the initial atomic state and the one-photon d etuning on the field(atomic)entropy. With the help of Q function of the field(qu asiprobability distribution), the statistical properties of the field states are discussed. It is shown that the field is in the Schrodinger-Cat state at t=12TR when the atom is initially in the middle-level.
ENTROPY PROPERTIES OF THE FIELD OR THE ATOM IN THE INTERACTING SYSTEM OF TWO-MOD E FIELD WITH THE V-TYPE THREE-LEVEL ATOM IN A KERR-LIKE MEDIUM
Authors: LAI ZHEN-JIANG  , LIU ZI-XIN  ,   河南师范大学物理系，新乡  453002
Published: December 2020

Using the method of the systematic state vector we formulate the entropy of the V-type three-level atom interacting with initially uncorrelated two-mode coheren t states of arbitrary detunings in a cavity filled with Kerr-like medium. It is shown by numerical calculation that the behavior of the entropy is strongly affe cted by the Kerr medium. Weak Kerr medium improves the quantum correlation. Stro nger Kerr medium induces strongly periodic fluctuation of the quantum correlatio n between the atom and the fields.
SITE SYMMETRY DETERMINATION AND SELECTIVE EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY OF Eu3+:ThO2 CRYSTAL
Authors: YIN MIN  , J.C. KRUPA  ,   (1)法国国家科学研究中心Orsay核物理研究所; (2)中国科学技术大学结构研究开放实验室，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

The emission spectra, excitation spectra and fluorescence decay curves of Eu3+:ThO2 are reported and analyzed. The Eu3+:ThO2 crystal was grown by the flux technique. Using selective dye laser exci tation at 12K and selection rules, site symmetries of Eu3+ ions in T hO2 are determined as Oh and C3v. Their crystal field levels and lifetimes were measured and tabulated. The dependence of energ y transfer and energy level position on temperature are also discussed.
A METHOD OF CHAOS CONTROL BASED ON THE LINEAR AND NONLINEAR TRANSFORMATION OF SYSTEM VARIABLES
Authors: LUO XIAO-SHU  , LIU MU-REN  , FANG JING-QING  , KONG LIN-JIANG  , TANG GUO-NING  ,   (1)广西师范大学物理与电子科学系，桂林  541004; (2)中国原子能科学研究院，北京  102413
Published: December 2020

In this paper,a method of chaos control based on the linear and nonlinear transformation of system variables is proposed.The Henon map and Lorenz system are taken as two typical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.The results show that the UPOs embedded in the chaotic system can be stably controlled by changing the linear transformation matrix of system variables.We can obtain lots of new stable dynamical behavior when this method is extended to nonlinear transformation.At the same time,we discuss the physical mechanism of this chaos control method from point of view of the information entropy.
STATIONARY AND ROTATIONAL TRANSVERSE PATTERNS IN CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRIC LASERS
Authors: YU XING-QI  , WANG KAI-GE  ,   北京师范大学物理系，北京  100875
Published: December 2020

The main structures and features of stationary and rotational transverse patterns in the cylindrically symmetric lasers have been discussed in the good cavity limit. The numerical analogue shows that the intensities and the frequencies of the modes which form the patterns obey the cooperative frequency shift law.
THE NERNST THEOREM AND STATISTICAL ENTROPY OF THE SCALAR FIELD IN REISSNER-NORDSTROM GEOMETRY
Authors: ZHAO REN  , ZHANG LI-CHUN  ,   雁北师范学院物理系,大同037000
Published: December 2020

Based on the Klein-Gordon equations on the background of the Reisser-Nordstrom spacetime, we calculate the free energy and entropy of a scalar field near a black hole by improved brick-wall methodmembrane model. It is obtained that the entropy of the scalar field consists of two parts. As the entropy is an extensive quantity, we obtain that the black hole entropy comes from two thermodynamical systems. And the new Bekenstein-Smarr formula is given. It is shown that the entropy expressed by two thermodynamical subsystems approaches zero when the radiation temperature of the black hole approaches absolute zero. This obeys Nernst theorem. It can be taken as Planck absolute entropy of a black hole.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTIC OF A PULSE WAVE THROUGH A STRONG TURBULENCE MEDIUM
Authors: ZHANG MIN  , WU ZHEN-SEN  , ZHANG YAN-DONG  , YANG TING-GAO  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学理学院,西安710071; (2)中国科学院陕西天文台,临潼710600
Published: December 2020

In this paper,the theory and numerical method for the propagation of a pulse wave through a strong turbulence medium are presented.According to the variousy wave structure function,we have computed the two-frequency cross correlation function,shown the numerical value of the pulse broadening and the scintillation index in the screen and extended medium respectively,and made some comparison with the observation data.
EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF (0001)ORIENTED 6H-SiC FILMS ON Si(111) SUBSTRATE BY ORGANIC SOL-GEL FILM ANNEALING
Authors: WANG YU-XIA  , GUO ZHEN  , HE HAI-PING  , CAO YING  , TANG HONG-GUO  ,   中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程系,合肥230026
Published: December 2020

SiC films were prepared on Si(111) substrates by annealing polystyrene gel films at temperature 950℃ in vacuum(10-3 Pa).Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD), Transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to study the morphology of the surface, crystal structure. composition and chemical state of the element of the SiC films. It revealed that the films consisted of preferentially oriented crystalline 6H-SiC epilayer which grew along(0001) planes parallel to Si(111) planes. The ratio of Si to C was about 1 and there were some carbon and oxide contaminant species in the form of CH, CO and Si2O3 along with a small amount of adsorptive oxide at the surface of the films. The polycrystalline grains in the films grew cylindrically along c axis.Their maximum size was about 150nm. The film was smooth. dense and uniform with a thickness of about 0.3 μm. It was found that covering the polystyrene film with a Si plate could increase the quantity of SiC during anncaling.
CURIE TEMPERATURE AND MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT OF POLYCRYSTALLINE La0.8-xCa0.2MnO3
Authors: CHEN WEI  , ZHONG WEI  , PAN CHENG  , CHANG HONG  , DU YOU-WEI  ,   (1)河北师范大学物理系,石家庄050016; (2)南京大学固体微结构国家重点实验室,南京210093; (3)南京大学固体微结构国家重点实验室,南京210093,山东大学物理系,济南250100,河北师范大学物理系,石家庄050016
Published: December 2020

Polycrystalline samples of La0.8-xCa0.2MnO3(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.08,0.1) were synthesized using a sol-gel technique. Structure analysis, morphology observation and magnetic measurement have been used to study the effect of vacuum concentration of La3+ on the Curie temperature and magnetic entropy change of La0.8-xCa0.2MnO3. The experimental results show that by tuning the vacuum concentration of La\+\{3+\}, the materials could exhibit very different Curie temperatures (from 180 to 260K). All the samples in this paper have large magnetic entropy change, especially for La0.77Ca0.2MnO3 sintered at 1100℃, which has a very large magnetic entropy change ΔSM=3.76J/kg·K under the magnetic field H=1.0T. The phenomenon of large magnetic entropy change, high Curie temperature, high electrical resistivity and high chemical stability make this material a suitable candidates for refrigerants at high temperature.
STUDY ON MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL OF BARIUM FERRITE PARTICLES
Authors: LI XIAO-HONG  , WEI FU-LIN  , YANG ZHENG  ,   兰州大学磁性材料研究所,兰州730000
Published: December 2020

A model of a chain of oblate ellipsoids is proposed for magnetization reversal of barium ferrite particles. The angular dependences of coercivity and critical field were calculated with the consideration of the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the shape anisotropy, the interaction anisotropy of the ellipsoids, as well as the number of ellipsoids. This model could be used to explain the magnetization reversal mechanism of the oriented Ba ferrite particulate media.
UPCONVERSION IN Nd:YVO4 CRYSTAL UNDER LD PUMP AND ITS INFLUENCE
Authors: FENG YAN  , SONG FENG  , ZHAO LI-JUAN  , ZHANG CHAO-BO  , GUO HONG-CANG  , ZHANG GUANG-YIN  ,   (1)南开大学物理学院光子学中心,天津300071; (2)南开大学物理学院光子学中心,天津300071,中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: December 2020

Upconversion fluorescence in Nd:YVO4 crystal under a laser diode (LD) pump was investigated. It is proved that the predominant mechanism for excitation of 4G7/2 level is an energy transfer upconversion. Then,a theoretical approach to upconversion effect on LD pumped Nd:YVO4 laser is given.In addition,the role of upconversion in thermal effect is discussed in detail.
STUDY OF ALUMINUM EMISSION SPECTRA IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS
Authors: JIN ZHAN  , ZHANG JIE  ,   中国科学院物理研究所光物理实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

High temperature, high density and strong magnetic fields in plasmas produced by ultra-high intensity and ultrashort laser pulses are similar to the main characteristics of astrophysical plasmas. This makes it possible to simulate some astrophysical processes at laboratories. This paper presents our theoretic simulation of aluminum emission spectra in astrophysical plasmas. It can be concluded that using laser produced plasmas, we can obtain rich information on astrophysical spectroscopy, which is unobservable for astronomer.
KINK SOLITON EXCITATION IN HYDROGEN BONDED CHAIN WITH ASYMMETRIC DOUBLE WELL POTENTIALS
Authors: YUAN DE-RONG  , QIAO LING-ZHI  ,   湖北大学物理学与电子技术学院,武汉430062
Published: December 2020

The damping force and the external electric field caused the kink soliton excitation in a hydrogen-bonded chain with asymmetric double-well potentials. The formula of the soliton mobility was derived, from which we obtained the result of the φ4 chain as well.
EXACT SOLITARY WAVE AND SOLITON SOLUTIONS OF THE GENERALIZED FIFTH ORDER KdV EQUATION
Authors: LI ZHI-BIN  , PAN SU-QI  ,   (1)华东师范大学计算机科学技术系,上海200062; (2)兰州大学计算机科学系,兰州730000
Published: December 2020

With the aid of Wu Wen-jun characteristic-set method in nonlinear algebraic equations-solving, and using the symbolic manipulation system, the exact solitary wave and soliton solutions to a class of fifth-order nonlinear evolution equation with general coefficients are obtained, which modifies and perfects the known results.
NONLINEAR ALGEBRAIC CONSTRUCTION FOR FIRST P?SCHL-TELLER POTENTIAL
Authors: NI ZHI-XIANG  ,   阜阳师范学院物理系,阜阳236032,徐州师范大学物理系,徐州221009
Published: December 2020

Based on the theory of deformed Lie algebra, we construct a nonlinear spectrum-generating algebra for the first P?schl-Teller potential by use of the Hamiltonian and the natural operators. This nonlinear algebra can determine the energy spectrum and the complete set of eigenfunctions, and can be converted into the harmonic oscillator algebra through a nonlinear transformation, which shows there is a new symmetry in the system.
DYNAMIC CONVERSION FROM SELF-DEFOCUSING TO EQUIVALENT “SELF-FOCUSING” IN PHOTOVOLTAIC LiNbO3:Fe CRYSTALS
Authors: JIANG YING  , LIU SIMIN  , WEN HAI-DONG  , ZHANG XIN-ZHENG  , GUO RU  , CHEN XIAO-HU  , XU JING-JUN  , ZHANG GUANG-YIN  ,   南开大学物理学院,天津300071
Published: December 2020

We experimentally studied the dynamic behavior of conversion from self-defocusing to equivalent “self-focusing” in LiNbO3:Fe crystal under certain experiment conditions. Its physical mechanism is the consequence of both the double-Phase conjugate Fabry-Perot interference cavity and photorefractive effect. It is possible to form bright spatial solitons in self-defocusing medium by the effect of dynamic conversion.
ON NUMERICAL PREDICTABILITY IN THE CHAOS SYSTEM
Authors: FENG GUO-LIN  , DAI XIN-GANG  , WANG AI-HUI  , CHOU JI-FAN  ,   (1)兰州大学大气科学系,兰州730000; (2)扬州大学理学院物理系,扬州225009
Published: December 2020

The rounding-off error introduces uncertainty in the numerical solution. A computational uncertainty principle was explained by using climate model and the Rossler and super chaos system, and the maximally effective computation time and optimal stepsize are discussed. Under optimal stepsize in solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations, self-memorization equations of chaos systems constitute a new approach to numerical weather prediction.
MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL REACTION CROSS SECTIONFOR EXOTIC LIGHT PROTON-RICH NUCLEUS 12N
Authors: NING ZHEN-JIANG  , LI JIA-XING  , GUO ZHONG-YAN  , ZHAN WEN-LONG  , WANG JIAN-SONG  , XIAO GUO-QING  , WANG QUAN-JIN  , WANG JIN-CHUAN  , WANG MENG  , WANG JIAN-FENG  , CHEN ZHI-QIANG  ,   中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州730000
Published: December 2020

Measurements of the total reaction cross section for proton drip line nucleus 12N at about 50.4 MeV/u on Si target were performed on RIBLL. Compared with its neighbor 13N, large enhancement of total reaction cross section σr for 12N is observed. This might be caused by nuclear deformation and nucleon pair effect, and the experimental inaccuracy should not be neglected. The σr of 12N calculated by using a microscopic Glauber model is in agreement with the experimental results.
PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS SECTION AND BETHE COEFFCIENT OF Alq+(q=0—12)
Authors: FANG QUAN-YU  , LI PING  , LIU YONG  , ZOU YU  , QIU YU-BO  ,   北京应用物理与计算数学研究所,北京100088
Published: December 2020

The Hatree-Fock relativistic(HFR) method has been used to calculate the cross section of photoionization and the Bethe coefficient of all charge states of Al. The latter, which dominates the cross section of electron-impact ionization at high energy region, is also related to the cross section of photoionization. Variation of the cross section of different charge states is discussed. The data reported here is in good agreement with that of Verner et al. obtained with Hatree-Dirac-Slater method.
ADAPTIVE TRAINING AND PRUNING FOR NEURAL NETWORKS:ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATION
Authors: CHEN SHU  , CHANG SHENG-JIANG  , YUAN JING-HE  , ZHANG YAN-XIN  , K.W.WONG  ,   南开大学现代光学研究所教育部光学信息技术科学开放实验室,天津300071
Published: December 2020

Finding an optimal network size is one of the major concerns when building a neural network. In using the local extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, we propose an efficient approach that combines EKF training and pruning as a whole. In particular, the covariance matrix obtained along with the local EKF training can be utilized to indicate the importance of the network weights. As a result, the network size can be determined adaptively to keep pace with the changes in input characteristics. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated on generalized XOR logic function and handwritten digit recognition.
SECOND HARMONIC LIGHT EMISSION FROM PLASMAS PRODUCED WITH 1.053μm LASER
Authors: BAI BO  , ZHENG JIAN  , LIU WAN-DONG  , YU CHANG-XUAN  , JIANG XIAO-HUA  , LIU SHEN-YE  , ZHENG ZHI-JIAN  ,   (1)中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,绵阳919信箱986分箱,绵阳621900; (2)中国科学技术大学近代物理系,合肥230027
Published: December 2020

Time-integrated spectra of second harmonic (2ω) light emission from plasmas produced with 1.053μm laser are simultaneously measured at several scattering-angles.By analyzing the relationship between scattering energy and scattering angle,also by analyzing the total 2ω light intensity as a function of incident beam intensity,we found that the Langmuir turbulence,which is produced by cascade of parametric decay instability,plays an important role in the laser-plasma interaction.
THE PHENOMENON OF DISCHARGING INTWICE OF UNDERWATER WIRE EXPLODING
Authors: ZHANG HAN-HONG  , CHEN ZHI-FU  ,   中国科学技术大学力学和机械工程系,合肥230026
Published: December 2020

The phenomenon of discharging in twice of underwater wire exploding is discovered-by investigating the time characteristics of pulsed discharging current and voltage. Pictures taking by high-speed shadow photography and streak camera have testified the existence of the phenomenon. Parameters related to the phenomenon are presented in this paper.
SELF-ASSEMBLED TWO-DIMENSIONAL ORDERED ARRAYOF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: HE SHENG-TAI  , YAO JIAN-NIAN  , WANG YU-PING  , JIANG PENG  , SHI DONG-XIA  , XIE SI-SHEN  , PANG SHI-JIN  , GAO HONG-JUN  ,   (1)北京大学电子显微镜实验室,北京100871; (2)中国科学院化学研究所分子科学中心,北京100101; (3)中国科学院物理研究所和凝聚态物理中心北京真空物理开放实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

The silver nanoparticles of (4.18±0.5) nm in diameter were prepared using two-phase liquid-liquid method.-The size distribution and the stability of the silver nanoparticles were studied by the UV-vis spectrum.-The results showed that the silver colloid solution was stable and monodispersed.-The IR spectra indicated that the nanoparticles were capped by 1-nonanethiol.-Two-dimensional ordered structure of the nanoparticles was formed by self-assembly technique.
SIMULATION AND COMPARISON STUDY OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DIRECTOR DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: WANG QIAN  , HE SAI-LING  ,   浙江大学光电系现代光学仪器国家重点实验室光与电磁波研究中心,杭州310027
Published: December 2020

A new finite-difference iterative method is used to calculate the distribution of the liquid crystal directors under an applied voltage.Numerical results for twisted nematic,super twisted nematic,and hybrid nematic cells are given.In comparison with Newton's method and the relaxation method, it in shown that the new method is simpler,more stable to give accurate results for various types of liquid crystal cells.