bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sea-State-Dependent Langmuir Turbulence on the Ocean Response to a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Reichl Brandon G. , Ginis Isaac , Hara Tetsu , Thomas Biju , Kukulka Tobias , Wang Dong
Published: September 2016

Tropical cyclones are fueled by the air–sea heat flux, which is reduced when the ocean surface cools due to mixed layer deepening and upwelling. Wave-driven Langmuir turbulence can significantly modify these processes. This study investigates the impact of sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence on the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone in coupled wave–ocean simulations. The Stokes drift is computed from the simulated wave spectrum using the WAVEWATCH III wave model and passed to the three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model. The Langmuir turbulence impact is included in the vertical mixing of the ocean model by adding the Stokes drift to the shear of the vertical mean current and by including Langmuir turbulence enhancements to the K-profile parameterization (KPP) scheme. Results are assessed by comparing simulations with explicit (sea-state dependent) and implicit (independent of sea state) Langmuir turbulence parameterizations, as well as with turbulence driven by shear alone. The results demonstrate that the sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence parameterization significantly modifies the three-dimensional ocean response to a tropical cyclone. This is due to the reduction of upwelling and horizontal advection where the near-surface currents are reduced by Langmuir turbulence. The implicit scheme not only misses the impact of sea-state dependence on the surface cooling, but it also misrepresents the impact of the Langmuir turbulence on the Eulerian advection. This suggests that explicitly resolving the sea-state-dependent Langmuir turbulence will lead to increased accuracy in predicting the ocean response in coupled tropical cyclone–ocean models.
Perceived Public Participation Efficacy
Authors: Campbell Jesse W. , Im Tobin
Published: September 2016

Given the crucial role of bureaucrats in determining the success of participatory policy-making efforts, understanding the factors that influence their beliefs about public participation is an important research goal. Building on public service motivation (PSM) and organizational echelons theory, this study develops a model of perceived participation efficacy for civil servants and tests it using data from a survey of South Korean central government employees. Ordered logistic regression analysis suggests that PSM plays a differential role in determining beliefs about participation across organizational strata. Monte Carlo simulations are used to better understand this effect. The results suggest that PSM is a significant factor in determining perceived participation efficacy for high-level civil servants but plays little role for lower level, frontline employees. A number of implications of this study, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
Challenges in Using the Randomized Trial Design to Examine the Influence of Treatment Preferences
Authors: Sidani Souraya , Fox Mary , Epstein Dana R. , Miranda Joyal
Published: September 2016

The overall purpose of this methodological study was to investigate the strengths and limitations of the randomized clinical trial design in examining the influence of treatment preferences on outcomes. The study was a secondary analysis of data obtained in two randomized clinical trials that evaluated behavioral therapies for insomnia. In both trials, the same design and methods were used to assess participants’ treatment preferences and outcomes, however, the treatments differed. The results illustrated the challenges encountered in using the randomized clinical trial design. The challenges were related to the unbalanced distribution of participants with preferences for the study treatments, non-comparability of the subgroups with treatments matched or mismatched to their preferences, differential attrition, which compromised the sample size and composition of the subgroups and limited the use of the planned statistical analyses. Whether these challenges occur in trials of other types of treatments and target populations should be explored in future research. Some strategies were proposed and should be evaluated for their utility in addressing these challenges.
Has the Experience of Hepatitis C Diagnosis Improved Over the Last Decade? An Analysis of Canadian Women’s Experiences
Authors: Mitchell Sandi , Bungay Vicky , Day Carolyn A. , Mooney-Somers Julie
Published: September 2016

Background

In Canada, incidents of new hepatitis C virus infections are rising among women aged 15–29 years and now comprise 60% of new infections among this age group. A negative diagnosis experience continues to be a problem affecting women living with hepatitis C virus. With new effective treatments, nurses will have more involvement in hepatitis C virus care and diagnosis, which is a critical time to facilitate appropriate education and management.

Purpose

This study explored Canadian women’s experience of hepatitis C virus diagnosis in order to develop recommendations to improve care at the point of diagnosis.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to recruit and interview 25 women. Using narrative inquiry, we examined Canadian women’s experience of hepatitis C virus diagnosis.

Results

Women’s diagnosis experiences were shaped by the context of diagnosis, factors prompting the testing, the testing provider, and information/education received. The context of diagnosis foreshadowed how prepared women were for their results, and the absence of accurate information magnified the psychological distress that can follow an hepatitis C virus diagnosis.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a compelling case for a proactive nursing response, which will improve women’s experiences of hepatitis C virus diagnosis and, in turn, enhance women’s access to hepatitis C virus care and other healthcare services.
Assessing Adults’ Career Exploration
Authors: Gross-Spector Michal , Cinamon Rachel Gali
Published: September 2016

To promote our theoretical understanding regarding the exploration process during adulthood, the current study focusses on this process as it relates to work and family life roles and the relations between them, during the transition to motherhood. Two instruments assessing vocational and maternal exploration, relating to self and environment dimensions, were developed. Validation was conducted through two independent studies of two groups of Israeli Jewish women during their transition to motherhood: exploratory factor analysis ( N = 125) and confirmatory factor analysis ( N = 232). Results demonstrated good fit of the model to the data, and reveal statistically significant estimates for each of the measurements. Positive, significant correlations between the two exploration processes were found. The findings support the life-long and holistic approach of career development that exploration is an ongoing process, which occur in different life domains simultaneously. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Mediating the agency of distant others: Proper distance in fair trade communication on Facebook
Authors: Polynczuk-Alenius Kinga
Published: September 2016

To introduce economic justice into global trade, fair trade organizations strive to ‘shorten the distance’ between producers and consumers through mediation. This article problematizes the idea of ‘shortening the distance’ through the notion of maintaining the ‘proper distance’ in representing distant others. This perspective is used in narratological analysis of the content that fair trade organizations curate on their Facebook pages to represent Southern producers. The two organizations studied are: (1) Fairtrade Finland, a non-governmental organization (NGO); (2) Pizca del Mundo, a commercial brand in Poland. This article identifies the discursive and narrative forms of mediated agency that are offered to producers. The analysis revealed that Fairtrade Finland utilized Facebook to extend the narrative of producers as active subjects. By using the affordances of Facebook, Pizca del Mundo increased the mediated agency of producers but problematized the maintenance of the proper distance in their representations.
Psychometric Properties of the Functional Capacity Card Sort for Caregivers of People With Dementia
Authors: Piersol Catherine Verrier , Herge E. Adel , Copolillo Albert E. , Leiby Benjamin E. , Gitlin Laura N.
Published: September 2016

Caregiver appraisal influences care decisions and may place the person with dementia at risk. The Functional Capacity Card Sort (FCCS) was developed to determine caregiver appraisal. The objective of this study was to examine FCCS psychometric properties and utility, using data from a cross-sectional study ( N = 86). The FCCS had moderately positive association (convergent validity) with a related activities of daily living (ADL) index ( r = .43, p < .0001), weak negative association (discriminant validity) with an unrelated neuropsychiatric symptom index ( r = −.14, p = .16), and strong caregiver agreement (interrater reliability) in ranking cards from high to low function, Kendall’s W(5, 72) = 0.83, p = .0001. When compared with occupational therapy assessment, the FCCS distinguished caregiver concordant estimation (17%), underestimation (22%), and overestimation (61%) of function. The FCCS is a valid and reliable tool used in conjunction with formal assessment to identify caregiver over- or underestimation, which has implications for patient safety and caregiver education.
Educational Technology
Authors: Lawless Kimberly A.
Published: September 2016

New technologies are providing opportunities to guide and enhance learning that were unimagined even a few years ago. The promise of technology to help turn the tide on the declining effectiveness of the U.S. educational system has led to a swell of policies: placing technologies in our schools, mandates to use these technologies, and funding research on technology-enabled learning environments. This article reviews the impact of these endeavors, focusing on what is known about the use of contemporary technologies (i.e., digital games, social media, Massively Open Online Courses [MOOCs], and augmented reality) as tools for learners. While not comprehensive, the aggregate findings offer a means to stimulate dialogue on how we can alter our conception of formal education in the United States, as well as additional research and policy implications to support instantiation of new conceptions.
A Matter of Trust
Authors: Goldrick-Rab Sara , Kolbe Tammy
Published: September 2016

The rising price of higher education threatens educational opportunity and social mobility for the most vulnerable Americans. Increasing college attendance benefits individuals and society, but efforts to reduce the price via financial aid rely primarily on economic theory: emphasizing short-term investments for long-term gains, and aiming for efficiency by targeting a narrow band of the population. Yet financial aid as currently implemented fails to effectively counter price barriers to college attainment. We argue that these failures are due, in part, to policies that were built on a narrow set of behavioral assumptions about the role of pricing in individuals’ decisions to attend college. Insights from social psychology highlight decisions’ relational processes and contexts. Existing policy failures have eroded public trust in financial aid as a legitimate, viable mechanism for college affordability. Cost-effective reforms that rebuild trust are a promising direction for future policy making.
Protein secondary structure prediction using a small training set (compact model) combined with a Complex-valued neural network approach
Authors: Rashid Shamima , Saraswathi Saras , Kloczkowski Andrzej , Sundaram Suresh , Kolinski Andrzej
Published: September 2016

Background

Protein secondary structure prediction (SSP) has been an area of intense research interest. Despite advances in recent methods conducted on large datasets, the estimated upper limit accuracy is yet to be reached. Since the predictions of SSP methods are applied as input to higher-level structure prediction pipelines, even small errors may have large perturbations in final models. Previous works relied on cross validation as an estimate of classifier accuracy. However, training on large numbers of protein chains compromises the classifier ability to generalize to new sequences. This prompts a novel approach to training and an investigation into the possible structural factors that lead to poor predictions.

Here, a small group of 55 proteins termed the compact model is selected from the CB513 dataset using a heuristics-based approach. In a prior work, all sequences were represented as probability matrices of residues adopting each of Helix, Sheet and Coil states, based on energy calculations using the C-Alpha, C-Beta, Side-chain (CABS) algorithm. The functional relationship between the conformational energies computed with CABS force-field and residue states is approximated using a classifier termed the Fully Complex-valued Relaxation Network (FCRN). The FCRN is trained with the compact model proteins.

Results

The performance of the compact model is compared with traditional cross-validated accuracies and blind-tested on a dataset of G Switch proteins, obtaining accuracies of ∼81 %. The model demonstrates better results when compared to several techniques in the literature. A comparative case study of the worst performing chain identifies hydrogen bond contacts that lead to Coil ⇔ Sheet misclassifications. Overall, mispredicted Coil residues have a higher propensity to participate in backbone hydrogen bonding than correctly predicted Coils.

Conclusions

The implications of these findings are: (i) the choice of training proteins is important in preserving the generalization of a classifier to predict new sequences accurately and (ii) SSP techniques sensitive in distinguishing between backbone hydrogen bonding and side-chain or water-mediated hydrogen bonding might be needed in the reduction of Coil ⇔ Sheet misclassifications.
Joseph Schumpeter's Credit View of Money: A Contribution to a “Monetary Analysis” Of Capitalism
Authors: Lakomski-Laguerre Odile
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this article is to bring to light a central—although neglected—aspect of Joseph Schumpeter's thought, namely, his theory of money. Regarding the important contribution he made to a “monetary analysis” of capitalism, we show how Schumpeter pertains to a long tradition of alternative views of economic theory that were based on the key role of money, banking, and credit. We particularly stress the very consistency of his monetary thought, mostly focusing on the links between money and credit, as Schumpeter claimed the need for a “credit theory of money.” We base our interpretation on a systematic and thorough exploitation of Schumpeter's posthumously published book, recently translated into English under the title A Treatise on Money. This is an essential resource, in which Schumpeter replaced the orthodox view of a “real” economy by the central concept of money as a “social accounting” system. We offer some insights regarding the core ideas of Schumpeter's book and shed light on a quite unknown aspect of his monetary theory: the key role of central banking and monetary policy. We also suggest the original proposition that, in Schumpeter's thought, the hierarchical banking system manages and regulates economic life in the dynamic framework of an evolving capitalism.
Current Federal Reserve Policy under the Lens of Economic History: A Review Essay
Authors: Williamson Stephen D.
Published: September 2016

This review essay reviews the volume edited by Owen Humpage, Current Federal Reserve Policy under the Lens of Economic History: Essays to Commemorate the Federal Reserve System’s Centennial, and provides a broader perspective on central-banking issues. The papers in the Humpage volume address various aspects of central banking history, money, and private banking, with a focus on putting recent Fed policies in perspective. The topics covered include the role of the central bank as lender of last resort, the effects of open-market operations versus central-bank lending, central-bank independence, the political economy of monetary unions, financial crises, the effects of unconventional monetary policies, commodity monies, and the Canadian financial system as a natural experiment. (JEL E32, E52, E58, G01, G21, G28, N10)
The RhoA-ROCK pathway in the regulation of T and B cell responses
Authors: Ricker Edd , Chowdhury Luvana , Yi Woelsung , Pernis Alessandra B.
Published: September 2016

Effective immune responses require the precise regulation of dynamic interactions between hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The Rho subfamily of GTPases, which includes RhoA, is rapidly activated downstream of a diverse array of biochemical and biomechanical signals, and is emerging as an important mediator of this cross-talk. Key downstream effectors of RhoA are the Rho kinases, or ROCKs. The ROCKs are two serine-threonine kinases that can act as global coordinators of a tissue’s response to stress and injury because of their ability to regulate a wide range of biological processes. Although the RhoA-ROCK pathway has been extensively investigated in the non-hematopoietic compartment, its role in the immune system is just now becoming appreciated. In this commentary, we provide a brief overview of recent findings that highlight the contribution of this pathway to lymphocyte development and activation, and the impact that dysregulation in the activation of RhoA and/or the ROCKs may exert on a growing list of autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders.
THE CLUSTER APPROACH TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MONOCITIES
Authors: Хафизов  , Khafizov Rustam
Published: September 2016

The article deals with the problematic task of mono-towns and methods of long-term and sustainable development. The author compares the distinctive territorial-production complex with the regional cluster, highlights the advantages of the cluster approach. As an example of cluster initiatives is innovation technology cluster closed city of Zheleznogorsk.
NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NO LAZER DOS PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO ENSINO BÁSICO
Authors: Canabarro Lúcio Kerber , Neutzling Marilda Borges , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: September 2016

Introdução: Estimar o nível de atividade física é importante para o planejamentode intervenções, no entanto há poucos trabalhos que investigam o comportamento deprofessores neste aspecto. Objetivo: verificar, através de um estudo transversal, o nível deatividade física no lazer dos professores de educação física do ensino básico que atuamna zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas - RS. Método: estudo de caráter censitário, que utilizouo IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnarie) longo para verificação do nívelde atividade física no lazer destes profissionais. Resultados: 188 professores responderamo questionário, 61,3% do sexo feminino, 55,4% concluíram pós-graduação e 56,4% foramclassificados como ativos no lazer. O nível de atividade física no lazer, na análise ajustada,apresentou associação inversa com tabagismo (p=0,04) e direta com autopercepção desaúde (p=0,001). Conclusão: os professores apresentaram um nível de atividade física nolazer superior aos encontrados na população de Pelotas e não demonstraram os mesmosfatores de risco para inatividade física que a população em geral.
INFLUÊNCIA DO EXERCÍCIO CONCORRENTE SOBRE AS VARIÁVEIS METABÓLICAS DE IDOSAS FISICAMENTE ATIVAS EM CONDIÇÃO ALIMENTADA
Authors: Costa Junior Marcelo , Moura Leandro Pereira de , Bertolini Natalia Oliveira , Teixeira Inaian Pignatti , De Mello Maria Alice Rostom , Kokobun Eduardo , Luciano Eliete
Published: September 2016

O aumento exacerbado do número de morbidade e mortalidade advindas das doenças crônico--degenerativas gera um aumento do gasto publico destinados a saúde. A concentração plasmáticade triglicerídeos pós-estado alimentado aponta-se como um fator preditor para a formaçãodo processo aterosclerótico com possível progressão para doenças cardiovasculares. Em contrapartida,o exercício físico apresenta-se como importante estratégia para redução dos níveis detriglicerídeos circulantes, por promover aumento da atividade da enzima lipase lipoproteica. Oobjetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito do exercício físico combinado de intensidadeleve em variáveis metabólicas de idosas fi sicamente ativas em situação pós-prandial. Foram selecionadaspara esse estudo 20 idosas (média de 68,02 ± 9,06 anos participantes a mínimo umano do Programa Saúde Ativa Rio Claro, com frequência de duas vezes por semana. O estudofoi dividido em dois dias sendo que no primeiro dia foram coletadas medidas antropométricas,inquérito alimentar e nível de atividade habitual. O segundo dia foi composto por um protocolode atividade física de intensidade leve dividida em três etapas; alongamento, exercício aeróbioe exercício resistido. Foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas nos momentos pré e pós exercício. Foiobservada redução signifi cativa na glicemia em função do exercício físico combinado, porémnão houve diferença na concentração de triglicerídeos nos momentos pré e pós. Conclui-se queexercício físico concorrente de caráter leve pode promover redução da glicemia e manutençãodos triglicerídeos em idosas fi sicamente ativas na condição alimentada.
RELATION OF PREVALENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND FACTORS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PRISON AGENTS IN BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL
Authors: Ferreira Ramon Emmanuel Braz , Menezes Lígia Carlos , Dias João Carlos
Published: September 2016

The prison population in Brazil has been growing. The prison agent (PA) is the professional who worksin the security sector, having the tasks of conducting prisoners and vigilance inside the facilities,and escorting the prisoners to outside, as well. The agents have a busy and stressing life and theydo not have time and facilities to physical exercise practice. Therefore, the objective was to relate theprevalence of physical exercise with metabolic syndrome, with trace and state anxiety, and with minorpsychological disturbs in agents in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Also habits of life, physical exerciseand clinical parameters were characterized. One hundred and one agents took part in this study,as volunteers, from 3 diff erent prison units. The male average (n=76) age and standard deviation ofthe sample was 33.1±5.7 years old and 4.8±3.4 years working as PA. It was evident that the majorityuses alcoholic beverages (63%) and 97.3% classifi ed their job as very dangerous. Considering males,where the greater alterations in MS factors were found, smokers represented 26.3% and alteredglucose concentration was present in 27.6% of the sample. Smaller values were found (p
MEDIDAS DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA: UM REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Interdonato Giovanna Carla , Greguol Márcia
Published: September 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os principais métodos de mensuração de atividade físicautilizados em crianças e adolescentes com defi ciência. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemáticada literatura através das bases de dados: SportDiscus, Medline, Lilacs e Scielo. Foram selecionadosestudos que analisaram a prática habitual de atividade física em crianças e adolescentescom defi ciência, publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. Também foi verifi cado otipo de método de mensuração utilizado e os resultados obtidos. No total, 11 estudos foramincluídos. A forma de mensuração da atividade física mais utilizada foi a acelerometria (n =6). A duração da utilização dos diferentes instrumentos de mensuração foi de 1 dia a duassemanas, variando de acordo com o tipo de método utilizado, o tipo de defi ciência da amostrae o objetivo do estudo. Todavia, não existiu um consenso quanto ao tipo de método maiscorreto a ser utilizado para mensurar os níveis de atividade física em jovens com defi ciência.A acelerometria foi o método de mensuração mais utilizado pelos autores nos estudos encontrados.Observou-se ainda que o tipo de método a ser utilizado tem como critério deescolha comum principalmente o tipo de defi ciência apresentada pela amostra e o objetivodo estudo, a fi m de que se torne viável a realização da pesquisa .
PROGRAMA DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS PARA O DOENTE RENAL CRÔNICO EM HEMODIÁLISE
Authors: Marchesan Moane , Rombaldi Airton José
Published: September 2016

O número de pacientes em hemodiálise vem aumentando cada vez mais, fazendo-nosrepensar sobre estratégias que possam ser efetivadas para auxiliar na reabilitação e namelhora da qualidade de vida dos mesmos. Uma estratégia que pode ser inserida nocotidiano desses pacientes é a prática regular de exercícios físicos, desde que sejam tomadosalguns cuidados necessários para ocasionar benefícios à saúde dos mesmos. Esteartigo descreve um programa de exercícios físicos para pacientes em hemodiálise quefoi desenvolvido na Clínica Renal do Hospital Santa Lúcia, (Cruz Alta–RS), mostrando aatuação e a importância do profi ssional de Educação Física na unidade renal. Os dadosevidenciados neste estudo sugerem que é possível desenvolver um programa de exercíciosfísicos para pacientes em hemodiálise, trazendo benefícios biopsicossociais paraesta população.
PERFORMANCE NEUROMOTORA EM MULHERES ATIVAS
Authors: Andrade Erinaldo Luiz , Matsudo Sandra Machega , Matsudo Victor Keihan Rodrigues
Published: September 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o declínio na força de membros inferiores e superi­ores e na agilidade em mulheres praticantes de atividade física. Para tanto foram avaliadas 129 senhoras praticantes de atividades físicas regu­lares, divididas em cinco grupos: A (30-39 anos; n=13), B (40-49 anos; n=36), C (50-59 anos; n=40), D (60-69 anos; n=32), E (70-73 anos; n=08), que se submeteram às medidas de peso, altura, média de 3 dobras cutâneas (tríceps, subescapular e suprailíaca), impulsão vertical sem (IVS) e com auxílio dos braços (IVC), impulsão horizontal (IH), agilidade (SR) e dinamometria manual (DIN). Para análise estatística dos dados foi utilizado delta percentual (%), e a ANOVA “one way ”. Os dados deste estudo sugerem que: a) ape­sar da prática de atividade física com o passar da idade, as mulheres apresentaram piora progressi­va nos resultados de agilidade (66,3%), de força dos membros inferiores: na impulsão vertical sem (53,2%) e com auxílio dos braços (57,1%), impulsão horizontal (47,8%) e de força dos membros superiores (26,7%); b) este declínio foi mais intenso na agilidade e na força de membros infe­riores, sendo menos evidente na força dos mem­bros superiores.
SUBSÍDIOS PARA A PREVENÇÃO E CONTROLE DA OBESIDADE
Authors: Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Nardo Júnior Nelson
Published: September 2016

Estudos sobre a obesidade têm recebido grande atenção de pesquisadores envolvidos com as áreas de saúde, tendo em vista sua importância e sua abrangência populacional. Entretanto, por ser considerado, muitas vezes, apenas um proble­ma estético, bastante comum nas sociedades in­dustrializadas, tem sido alvo de enorme explora­ção comercial, a ponto de o gasto, somente nos EUA, com serviços, produtos, livros e revistas que envolvem a redução do peso corporal superar 30 bilhões de dólares por ano. Isso se deve, particu­larmente, à falta de informações e melhores es­clarecimentos à população, por parte de profissi­onais qualificados e estudiosos da área. Muitos tratamentos têm sido utilizados para a prevenção ou combate à obesidade. Porém, pode-se concluir que o tratamento mais efetivo e saudável, na gran­de maioria dos casos, é aquele que envolve mu­danças no estilo de vida, com a prática de exercí­cios físicos regulares supervisionados, em conjunto com uma alimentação balanceada e adequada.
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E CALOR - IMPLICAÇÕES FISIOLÓGICAS E PROCEDIMENTOS DE HIDRATAÇÃO
Authors: Marins João Carlos Bouzas
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, os efeitos da prática de exercícios físicos em condições ambientais, com temperatura e umidade desfa­voráveis. O “stress ” térmico poderá modificar sig­nificativamente a capacidade de desempenho do indivíduo, impondo uma sobrecarga ainda maior à demanda metabólica e fisiológica originária de uma situação de esforço físico. Alterações como aumento da freqüência cardíaca, da concentra­ção de ácido lático, da temperatura retal, entre outros, podem modificar substancialmente o de­sempenho. Uma das principais formas de se abran­dar os efeitos impostos pelo “stress” térmico oriundos do calor, inclui a realização de uma hidratação constante durante a realização dos exercícios físicos a fim de abrandar o défict hídrico, visto que a perda hídrica, sem haver uma recomposição, poderá induzir o praticante a uma desidratação. O tipo de solução hídrica a ser ofe­recida (água ou solução carboidratada) depende­rá de diversos fatores, entre eles: (a) tempo de duração da exercício; (b) condição ambiental im­posta por uma relação temperatura x umidade; (c) momento de hidratação, antes, durante ou depois do esforço físico; e (d) intensidade na qual o exer­cício será realizado.
The leadership role of psychiatrists in the NHS
Authors: George Willcocks Stephen
Published: September 2016

This article explores leadership in the context of psychiatry in the NHS. It identifies considerable policy challenges facing psychiatry such as recent attempts to upgrade mental health services and bring them up to par with other services. It suggests it will become increasingly necessary for the profession to respond to such challengers by engaging with leadership at various levels. The article suggests there may be merit in exploring one particular approach to leadership, namely transformational leadership, given its emphasis on dealing with change. Psychiatrists may find the behaviours associated with this approach of particular relevance. However, it suggests that there may need to adopt a particular variant of transformational leadership that acknowledges both the achievement of objectives and showing genuine concern for followers. The latter is important given the ongoing problem of clinical engagement in the NHS. The article concludes with the developmental implications in adopting this leadership approach.
Capturing causative agents in clinical coding
Authors: Roberts Luke , Timmis Jessica , Nagrecha Rajvi , Martinez-Alier Nuria
Published: September 2016

Background:

At least 14.6% of paediatric hospital episodes in England were due to infections in 2014/15. The clinical coding of infection aetiology is required for healthcare planning, epidemiology and financial reimbursement. The degree to which causative agents are recorded in infection coding datasets is unknown, and its importance for remuneration and other secondary uses has not been studied.

Methods:

An audit of bronchiolitis admissions to a London children's hospital was performed between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2015. The agreement between the discharge documentation, coding reports and results of a Respiratory Virus Molecular Panel was assessed by clinicians and a coding professional. The impact of errors on data quality and finances was reviewed.

Results:

Of the 74 admissions, 52 (70.3%) did not have identified causative agents accurately represented in the coding, with inadequate clinical documentation being the leading cause (53.8%). In total, 29 hospital admissions were assigned to an incorrect Healthcare Resource Group, highlighting a potential for a further financial gain of £25 388, or a 38.5% increase, on gross reimbursement.

Conclusions:

Causative agents were not reliably reflected in the coding dataset, with negative effects on secondary uses. This model could be applied to other infections to improve the veracity of infection coding.
A comparison of waste compositions at health and social care facilities
Authors: Manzi Sean , Nichols Andy , Richardson Janet
Published: September 2016

Sustainability is an issue for both healthcare and social care organisations. Understanding the similarities and differences between healthcare and social care waste compositions, especially the amounts of potentially recyclable waste, can help target waste reduction strategies more effectively. A waste audit was undertaken at four health and social care sites in the South West of England. A comparison was made between the waste compositions of healthcare clinical and domestic waste streams and those of social care sites. Over a three-month period, 115 bags of waste (69 clinical and 46 domestic waste bags) were weighed and the contents catalogued.

A greater number of items and unique item types were found on average at the healthcare site in comparison to the social care sites. The domestic waste streams at all four sites contained high proportions of potentially recyclable wastes. The clinical waste stream of the healthcare site also contained the highest proportion of potentially recyclable waste (66%). The differences in the amounts of potentially recyclable waste between the four study sites demonstrate the importance of understanding the composition of the different waste streams to inform the design of effective and impactful interventions.
The growth mindset in key stage 2 teaching
Authors: McWilliam Ross
Published: September 2016

In the first of a four-part series, Ross McWilliam looks at the growth mindset theory in action at key stage 2 and discusses implementing ‘starter’ growth mindset approaches
An award-winning Pupil Premium school
Authors: Lee-Potter Emma
Published: September 2016

Earlier this year, Northern Saints Primary School was named a national winner at the Pupil Premium Awards 2016. Emma Lee-Potter finds out how this Sunderland school uses its Pupil Premium funding to raise aspirations and outcomes for pupils
Evidence-based immunisation for children: Case studies
Authors: Driver Caroylyn
Published: September 2016

Immunisation is one of the most important public health measures that primary care offers the population. All health professionals, regardless of whether they administer vaccines or not, should be well-informed on this topic and should know where to get the latest information on the UK national schedule, as well as evidence-based guidelines on the use of vaccines. Nurse prescribers are in a particularly good position to make the most of opportunistic encounters to ensure that individuals who have missed routine or recommended vaccines are able to catch up without delay.
Best practice in prescribing for paediatric food allergy
Authors: Bidgood Sarah , Arora Lucy
Published: September 2016

Children presenting with food allergy pose particular challenges to practitioners. Allergy often affects children throughout their lives and prescribing is a long-term strategy to be used as part of their management. Child-focused triadic consultation is integral to establishing appropriate and safe management. It will guide and support lifestyle, and maintain the child's health needs and safety throughout childhood, adolescence and into adult life. To achieve this, the prescribing practitioner must maintain an in-depth knowledge of available medications and options. Consent and engagement of the child are of particular importance. The case study explored within this article discusses the implementation of these concepts in a child presenting to the emergency department with a first presentation of food allergy.
Nurse prescribing: 10 years on
Authors: Oxtoby Kathy
Published: September 2016

It's been a decade since independent nurse prescribing was given the seal of approval. In this short professional article, journalist Kathy Oxtoby gathers insight from various health professionals about how nurses came to achieve this status and takes a look at the impact it has had, and continues to have, on patient care.
Beyond Tokenism: People With Complex Needs in Leadership Roles: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Beckwith Ruthie-Marie , Friedman Mark G. , Conroy James W.
Published: September 2016

This article summarizes the results of a literature review conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have begun to be included on boards and policymaking organizations, but the roles given to them have often been tokens—symbolic gestures that result in presence without genuine inclusion. To better understand the advances that have been made and the barriers that people with developmental disabilities still encounter, a comprehensive review of the literature on how people with complex and high support needs are engaged in leadership development, public policy advocacy, and community activities was conducted. The analysis identified key gaps in information about the degree of influence in leadership and organizational decision making exercised by people with complex needs. These results reflected the need for additional research to better understand how far people with developmental disabilities have moved “beyond tokenism” and into authentic leadership roles, which informed other activities conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study.
Tokenism From the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Bottoms Gail , Weintraub Liz , Taylor David
Published: September 2016

In this article, self-advocates express their perspectives on social inclusion (and exclusion) in a variety of ways. Poetry and essays penned by self-advocates provide insight into internal thoughts and feelings that may rarely be expressed outside of their personal circles. The poetry and essays focus on leadership, both supported and thwarted. As such, they provide critical information on what works and what doesn't, and how best to assure that both the individual and the organization benefit from the opportunity of self-advocates to serve.
Inclusion Is Transformative: Self-Advocacy Leaders' Perspectives on Board Inclusion and Tokenism
Authors: Friedman Mark G. , Beckwith Ruthie-Marie , Conroy James W.
Published: September 2016

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities have begun to experience increased participation and inclusion in boards and policy-making bodies. They have, however, faced challenges in gaining full acceptance similar to those experienced by other marginalized groups. To date, the experience of board participation by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities has typically been examined through the narrow lens of leadership development. The purpose of this study, which is part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study, was to seek the viewpoints of experienced leaders within the self-advocacy movement regarding the prevalence of tokenism and practices they have found effective for inclusive leadership. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Sobre las dimensiones identitarias esenciales del profesorado universitario en el contexto pedagógico-tecnológico contemporáneo
Authors: Fuentes Juan Luis , Esteban Francisco , González María del Rosario
Published: September 2016

Cada vez son más frecuentes y más numerosas las voces que reclaman un cambio en las instituciones universitarias. Dichas voces están fundamentadas en diversos factores derivados del pensamiento posmoderno, el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y la transformación del modelo pedagógico universitario. Ciertamente, no podía ser de otra manera. La nueva realidad necesita una nueva universidad, o si se prefiere, la universidad, usualmente concebida como clásica, no se acomoda a las nuevas circunstancias. Todo ello supone importantes consecuencias para la figura del profesor, quien se ha visto obligado a diversificar su quehacer colonizando nuevas funciones que le eran desconocidas hasta el momento y que van más allá de las tradicionales docencia e investigación. Ahora bien, dicha transformación y diversificación puede ser algo más que eso, y contribuir a la pérdida y el adelgazamiento de sus funciones esenciales, por lo que resulta urgente revisar estos aspectos a la luz de los nuevos retos. En este artículo analizamos algunas de dichas funciones, concretamente las que se refieren a la transmisión de conocimiento, el arte de la retórica del docente, el binomio investigación-docencia y el servicio a la comunidad.
A ictiofauna da bacia do rio Sarapuí, SP, Brasil: estrutura das assembleias e a influência da sazonalidade
Authors: Smith Welber Senteio , Nascimento Mariane Batista
Published: September 2016

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição da ictiofauna da bacia do rio Sarapuí e caracterizar a sua comunidade, utilizando para isso coletas em 4 pontos no rio principal, 2 no ribeirão do Camapuã e 2 no ribeirão dos Macacos além de trabalhos realizados anteriormente em outros pontos da bacia. As coletas foram realizadas no período chuvoso e seco durante o ano de 2010. Também foi realizada uma caracterização ambiental a fim de verificar possíveis atividades antrópicas, tais como desmatamento, agricultura, pecuária e vestígios de antigas extrações de areia, além de análise de pH e temperatura. Os peixes foram coletados com 2 baterias de redes de espera e peneira. Foram identificadas 27 espécies, distribuídas em 13 famílias e 04 ordens. A ordem mais representativa foi Characiformes, destacando a família Characidae e a espécie Astyanax altiparanae. Os pontos Sa01 e Sa03 foram os mais representativos em número de espécies, o ponto Sa04 em abundância, enquanto que a diversidade foi maior no ponto Sa03. Considerando todos os trabalhos realizados até o momento foi constatada a ocorrência de 61 espécies distribuídas em 6 ordens e 19 famílias, sendo as ordens Characiformes e Siluriformes as mais representativas. O presente estudo contribui para o levantamento de informações acerca das assembléias de peixes da Bacia do rio Sarapuí e permite concluir que a apesar da bacia sofre inúmeras perturbações que colocam em risco a sua ictiofauna, o fator mais influente sobre os atributos das comunidades avaliadas no rio Sarapuí é a sazonalidade enquanto que esse fator não é relevante para os rios de menor ordem.
Combating stigmatisation of mental health issues
Authors: Tennant Jon
Published: September 2016

This Collection was designed for National Suicide Prevention Week 2016 (NSPW), organised by the American Association of Suicidology.

We wanted to create a resource of Open Access articles about suicide prevention and stigmatisation associated with mental illnesses in order to raise awareness and education of these important issues. This collection contains general research articles about suicide prevention, and others focus on aspects of stigmatisation.

Some facts about suicide (source):

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States with one suicide occurring on average every 12.3 minutes.

Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among 15 to 24-year-olds.

The elderly make up 14.5% of the population, but comprise 18% of all suicides.

Approximately 1,069,325 American attempt suicide each year.

It is estimated that five million living Americans have attempted to kill themselves.

Every year in the United States, more than 21,300 men and women kill themselves with a gun; two thirds more than the number who use a gun to kill another person.

An estimated 4.8 million Americans are survivors of suicide of a friend, family member, or loved one.

Untreated depression is the leading cause for suicide. Mental health issues are still treated differently than other health concerns and people struggling are still stigmatised, which keeps many people from seeking treatment.

We ask that this collection be shared as widely as possible, as well as the individual articles it contains. Every article is completely open to anyone to comment on, and we strongly encourage sharing of feedback, experiences, and thoughts.

NSPW is about opening the conversation about mental health and inviting people in. Suicide prevention is everyone’s business.
Gestão por competências: desafios encontrados por uma instituição pública de Petrolina durante o processo de implementação
Authors: Siqueira William Marques , Nascimento Deise Cristiane do
Published: September 2016

A gestão de pessoas passa por um amplo processo de transformação no meio corporativo. A proposta deste artigo consiste em denotar como uma instituição pública de Petrolina - PE se sobressai diante dos desafios encontrados durante o processo da implantação da gestão por competências. Para isso, foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas a fim de atualizar o estado da arte, além de uma entrevista com a gestora responsável pela aplicação do modelo de gestão por competências em uma instituição pública de Petrolina – PE. Os resultados concretos do programa já podem ser observados conforme relatos dos gestores onde é evidente o fortalecimento do conceito de equipe, um instrumento de integração e estabelecimento do elo entre a chefia e os integrantes da equipe. O Plano Crescer por Competências (PCC) vem ao encontro da missão da empresa de melhorar a gestão dos hospitais universitários, criando ambientes favoráveis à inovação de processo de trabalho e, com isso, desenvolvendo profissionais capacitados para entregar mais serviços de melhor qualidade para a sociedade. Para trabalhos futuros, sugere-se que sejam comparados períodos distintos de avaliação a fim de mensurar a eficiência e eficácia do modelo.
Avaliação e Gerenciamento de Manuscritos
Authors: Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: September 2016

Um dos objetivos da Id on Line Revista Multidisciplinar e de Psicologia é  contribuir para melhorar de forma sustentável, tanto a visibilidade, o uso e o impacto deste periódico e das pesquisas que apresentamos aos leitores. O principal critério é a seleção de artigos de qualidade que comuniquem pesquisas originais, devidamente avaliadas por pares. Para isso, informamos publicamente aos autores e interessados sobre a nossa política editorial, e sobre a nossa composição e gestão editorial, além dos procedimentos de avaliação do material enviado pelos autores.
Direito à Vida: Aborto de Feto Anencéfalo e Eutanásia
Authors: Souza Lívia Demesio de , Farias Athena De Albuquerque , Bezerra Marcos Paulo Egídio , Rocha Hidemburgo Gonçalves
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo tem como tema “Direito à vida em confronto com o Aborto de Feto Anencéfalo e Eutanásia”, objetivando apontar as divergências existentes entre o direito à vida do nascituro e o direto à saúde física e psíquica da gestante que quando mitigado vem a ofender o conceito de dignidade da pessoa humana, que também é uma garantia constitucional. E o direito a vida digna do paciente que encontra-se em estado crítico e não exerce mais nenhum dos direitos que a Constituição Federal ver como dignos, exemplo, direito a saúde, lazer, cidadania, educação, etc., restando-lhe apenas o nu e cru direito à vida, se é que pode dizer que o mesmo vive. Os temas apresentados têm grande repercussão na sociedade, engloba posicionamentos do nosso ordenamento jurídico, da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, de organizações religiosas e do estudante acadêmico de Direito. Questiona-se se é razoável que o ordenamento jurídico permita a recusa do aborto de feto comprovadamente anencéfalo, imprescindível à preservação da vida da gestante, e da recusa à eutanásia a pacientes que não encontram-se mais em situações dignas por convicções de uma letra de lei imutável? A metodologia empregada para a realização desse estudo foi feita através de pesquisas bibliográficas, exame de livros, artigos, além de jurisprudências. Conclui-se que não há de se falar em sacrificar totalmente um direito em virtude do outro, porém na existência de conflito entre direitos deve-se haver um equilíbrio de valores para o alcance da melhor solução possível. Os direitos fundamentais precisam ser analisados com vistas à evolução histórica, cultural e científica, devendo o Estado adaptar-se ao progresso, pois o direito não pode se retardar e seguindo o pensamento de M. PIERRE DE HARVEN “é cometer um erro ater-se ao passado e não viver com o seu tempo: o modernismo é erguido em estado de obrigação jurídica e o misoneísmo torna-se um quase-delito civil”.