bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Predictive Algorithm for Symptomatic Hip Abductor Tears in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Rosinsky Philip J. , Diulus Samantha C. , Walsh John P. , Meghpara Mitchell B. , Shapira Jacob , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Kyin Cynthia , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Patients presenting with lateral hip pain may pose a difficult diagnostic challenge, as pain can be due to various causes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to identify risk factors and predictors for symptomatic hip abductor tears in a cohort of patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI), female sex, age, and presence of chondral damage would be significant predictors of hip abductor pathologies.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they underwent primary hip arthroscopy between March 2009 and December 2019. Patients with Tönnis grade >1, previous hip conditions, incomplete radiographic data, or open procedures were excluded. All demographic variables, intraoperative measurements, and radiographic measurements were assessed using a bivariate analysis. A stepwise logistic regression was used to determine predictive variables.

Results:

In total, 255 hips with a hip abductor tear that underwent hip arthroscopy and 2106 hips without a tear that underwent hip arthroscopy were included. The stepwise logistic regression successfully created a predictive model using age, sex, BMI, lateral joint space, and alpha angle as variables. The efficiency of the predictive model was 90.7%, with an area under the curve of 0.894. The odds of having a hip abductor tear were 7.41 times higher in females (odds ratio [OR], 7.41; 95% CI, 4.61-11.9). Each additional year of age was associated with a 13.7% (OR, 1.137; 95% CI, 1.12-1.16) increase in the odds of having a tear. Similarly, with each 1-unit increase in BMI, the odds of having a tear increased by 3.4% (OR, 1.034; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06).

Conclusion:

This study successfully created a predictive model that identified female sex (OR, 7.41), increasing age (OR, 1.137 for each year), and increased BMI (OR, 1.034 for each unit of BMI) as significant independent predictors of the presence of hip abductor tears in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. This model can be used in support of physical examination and imaging suggestive of hip abductor pathology to preoperatively identify the probability of a symptomatic hip abductor tear in these patients.
Course and Predictors of Major Depressive Disorder in the Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey: Cours et Prédicteurs du Trouble de Dépression Majeure Dans l’Enquête de Suivi Sur la Santé Mentale Auprès Des Membres des Forces Armées Canadiennes et des ex-Militaires
Authors: Enns Murray W. , Mota Natalie , Afifi Tracie O. , Bolton Shay-Lee , Richardson J. Don , Patten Scott B. , Sareen Jitender
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

The present report is the first study of Canadian military personnel to use longitudinal survey data to identify factors that determine major depressive episodes (MDEs) over a period of 16 years.

Methods:

The study used data from the Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Mental Health Follow-up Survey (CAFVMHS) collected in 2018 ( n = 2,941, response rate 68.7%) and linked baseline data from the same participants that were collected in 2002 when they were Canadian Regular Force members. The study used structured interviews to identify 5 common Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition mental disorders and collected demographic data, as well as information about traumatic experiences, childhood adversities, work stress, and potential resilience factors. Respondents were divided into 4 possible MDE courses: No Disorder, Remitting, New Onset, and Persistent/Recurrent. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) from multinomial regression models were used to evaluate determinants of these outcomes.

Results:

A history of anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (RRRs: 1.50 to 20.55), mental health service utilization (RRRs: 1.70 to 12.34), veteran status (RRRs: 1.64 to 2.15), deployment-associated traumatic events (RRRs: 1.71 to 2.27), sexual traumas (RRRs: 1.91 to 2.93), other traumas (RRRs: 1.67 to 2.64), childhood adversities (RRRs: 1.39 to 1.97), avoidance coping (RRRs 1.09 to 1.49), higher frequency of religious attendance (RRRs: 1.54 to 1.61), and work stress (RRRs: 1.05 to 1.10) were associated with MDE courses in most analyses. Problem-focused coping (RRRs: 0.73 to 0.91) and social support (RRRs: 0.95 to 0.98) were associated with protection against MDEs.

Conclusions:

The time periods following deployment and trauma exposure and during the transition from active duty to veteran status are particularly relevant for vulnerability to depression in military members. Interventions that enhance problem-focused coping and social support may be protective against MDEs in military members.
The Gender of Multiculturalism: Cultural Tokenism and the Institutional Isolation of Immigrant Women Faculty
Authors: Ghosh Debaleena , Barber Kristen
Published: January 2021

Much research on tokenism has focused on the organizational processes by which white women and racial minorities experience heightened surveillance at work and become occupationally immobile. Little research has considered how tokenism operates for other minority workers, such as immigrants. We theorize cultural tokenism to explain the ways in which foreign-born minorities in the United States are held up against hegemonic ethnic markers besides cultural gender standards and racial stereotypes, resulting in their interpersonal and institutional exoticization. Drawing on interviews with 33 immigrant women university faculty, this study shows how cultural contrasts make work difficult for high-status, foreign-born professional women. Specifically, they experience gendered pressures to provide U.S.-born students with “cultural enrichment” experiences and demonstrate organizational diversity while navigating the effects of tokenism. This research explains barriers to promotion and work satisfaction for immigrant women in white-collar jobs, and raises questions about how organizations can benefit from hiring these workers without exploiting them.
The Effect of Telehealth Interventions on Function and Quality of Life for Older Adults with Pre-Frailty or Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Esfandiari Elham , Miller William C. , Ashe Maureen C.
Published: January 2021

Telehealth interventions improve health outcomes by increasing access to care. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence on the effect of telehealth interventions compared with no intervention or usual care for older adults with pre-frailty or frailty for physical function, quality of life (QOL), and frailty. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus. Two authors reviewed records and assessed risk of bias. A narrative synthesis of findings was conducted. When appropriate, the standard mean difference (SMD) was used to compare telehealth interventions with control conditions. We used GRADE to determine the certainty of the evidence. Twelve RCTs were included. Low certainty evidence highlighted positive effects for the function and mental component of QOL favoring telehealth interventions (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI = [0.15, 0.47]; and SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = [0.22, 0.64], respectively). Despite a small positive effect of telehealth interventions, insufficient, and low certainty evidence precludes making definitive recommendations.
Microplastic contamination in a conventional wastewater treatment plant in Thailand
Authors: Tadsuwan Katekanya , Babel Sandhya
Published: January 2021

Plastic waste has become a global environmental concern. One type of plastic waste is microplastics (MPs), which can spread easily in the environment. Wastewater effluent is one of the land-based sources of MPs. This study investigates the amount of microplastic (MP) pollution in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Thailand. Water samples were collected and examined to find the types, morphology and sources of MPs. Wastewater was filtered through a set of sieves ranging from 5 mm to 0.05 mm. Sludge samples were also collected to find the potential risk from the application of dried sewage sludge. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the types of MPs. The amount of MPs in the influent was 26.6 ± 11.8 MPs/L. More than one-third of MP particles were removed after a grit trap, followed by 14.24% removal in the secondary treatment. If the peak flow rate of the WWTP is reached, 2.32 × 109 MP particles can be released daily. The amount of MPs in a sludge sample was 8.12 ± 0.28 × 103 particles/kg dry weight. Dry sludge is one of the potential sources of MP contamination in agricultural soil. Most MPs in the liquid fraction and sludge sample were fibres. Results from FTIR analysis showed that the major types of MPs in the WWTP were polyester fibres, followed by polypropylene, polyethylene, silicone polymer and polystyrene. This finding indicates that a conventional WWTP may act as a path by which MPs enter the environment.
Liposuction of the Neck Using Reciprocating Power Assisted Liposuction
Authors: Boeni Roland , von Waechter-Gniadek Paul
Published: January 2021

Neck liposuction in local anesthesia is a minimally invasive technique for fat reduction and skin tightening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical safety of reciprocating power assisted liposuction (PAL) of the neck. Neck liposuction with PAL was performed on 104 consecutive patients (male = 39, female = 65), and the occurrence of side effects were noted. There were no hematomas and no marginal mandibular nerve dysfunction. Transient alopecia at the site of liposuction was found in 3 out of the 39 male patients. In the hands of an experienced surgeon, reciprocating PAL of the neck is a safe method with a very low complication rate.
Wearable Activity Monitor Use Is Associated With the Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines and Walking Among Older Adults
Authors: Zytnick Deena , Kumar Gayathri S. , Folta Sara C. , Reid Kieran F. , Tybor David , Chomitz Virginia R.
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To examine wearable activity monitor (WAM) use and its association with meeting the 2008 aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) and walking among older adults.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

FallStyles 2015 national consumer panel survey.

Sample:

1,317 U.S. adults aged ≥ 60 years.

Measures:

Self-reported WAM use, meeting aerobic PAG, and walking. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, annual household income, and geographic region of the country.

Analysis:

Chi-square tests to examine associations between WAM use and respondent demographic characteristics. Logistic regressions to explore associations between WAM use and meeting aerobic PAG and walking adjusted for demographics (e.g., education, income).

Results:

Among older adults, 8.0% were current WAM users and 11.3% were past WAM users. Current WAM use was most prevalent among those aged 65-74 (16.6%), females (9.4%), college graduates (13.8%), and those with incomes $75,000-$99,999 (14.8%). Current WAM users were more likely than never WAM users to report meeting aerobic PAG (OR: 3.98; 95% CI: 2.07, 7.66) and walking (OR: 3.90; 95% CI: 1.57, 9.69). Past and never WAM use were not associated with meeting aerobic PAG or walking.

Conclusion:

We found current WAM use is associated with meeting the aerobic PAG and walking among older adults. Further longitudinal research is needed to understand whether WAM could promote increased PA among older adults.
Beta distribution-based knock probability map learning and spark timing control for SI engines
Authors: Zhao Kai , Shen Tielong
Published: January 2021

In gasoline engines, the spark timing is often advanced to increase fuel economy under certain heavy load engine operating conditions. As a compromise between the risk of knock and the power output, spark timing is regulated at the boundary where a low knock probability is tolerated. Due to the stochasticity of binary knock events, it is necessary to have a large number of engine cycles for probability estimations, which can slow down the response speed of a controller to operating condition changes. To speed up the spark timing regulation and to reduce the spark timing variance, in this article, a knock probability feedforward map learning method and a spark timing control method are proposed under a unified framework. A learning method that applies the beta distribution is the key contribution of this work. The beta distribution in the map learning part is used to describe knock probabilities with uncertainties and to determine the next engine operating condition for sampling and map learning. In the spark timing method, the beta distribution is applied in the conventional control method to adjust the control gains. The proposed methods are experimentally validated on a test bench equipped with a production Toyota 1.8 L, 4-cylinder SI engine.
Gender Stereotypes in Natural Language: Word Embeddings Show Robust Consistency Across Child and Adult Language Corpora of More Than 65 Million Words
Authors: Charlesworth Tessa E. S. , Yang Victor , Mann Thomas C. , Kurdi Benedek , Banaji Mahzarin R.
Published: January 2021

Stereotypes are associations between social groups and semantic attributes that are widely shared within societies. The spoken and written language of a society affords a unique way to measure the magnitude and prevalence of these widely shared collective representations. Here, we used word embeddings to systematically quantify gender stereotypes in language corpora that are unprecedented in size (65+ million words) and scope (child and adult conversations, books, movies, TV). Across corpora, gender stereotypes emerged consistently and robustly for both theoretically selected stereotypes (e.g., work–home) and comprehensive lists of more than 600 personality traits and more than 300 occupations. Despite underlying differences across language corpora (e.g., time periods, formats, age groups), results revealed the pervasiveness of gender stereotypes in every corpus. Using gender stereotypes as the focal issue, we unite 19th-century theories of collective representations and 21st-century evidence on implicit social cognition to understand the subtle yet persistent presence of collective representations in language.
Food to politics: Representations of genetically modified organisms in cartoons on the Internet in China
Authors: Wang Guoyan , Wang Lingfei , Shen Jiafei
Published: January 2021

Controversies around genetically modified (GM) food have become particularly prevalent in China. To understand the situation, 257 GM cartoons were collected from various Chinese online sources. We found that China’s GM cartoons peaked during controversial social events from the end of 2012 to 2016, which is consistent with the Baidu Media Index on GM headline news. About 85% of the cartoons involve GM food and more than half of cartoons share scary information. The mainstream media is more neutral and not only presents the dilemma in choice but also promotes genetically modified organisms (GMOs). However, social media inclines toward a more pessimistic view, providing scary information and focusing on health risks and conspiracy theories. Controversial topics have fueled the spread of political conspiracy theories. Generally, scientists supporting GMOs have been criticized under suspicion of betraying their country, and the issue of GM food in China reflects strong political views.
Cumulative acoustic emission energy for damage detection in composites reinforced by carbon fibers within low-cycle fatigue regime at various displacement amplitudes and rates
Authors: Azadi Mohammad , Alizadeh Mohsen , Jafari Seyed Mohammad , Farrokhabadi Amin
Published: January 2021

In the present article, acoustic emission signals were utilized to predict the damage in polymer matrix composites, reinforced by carbon fibers, in the low-cycle fatigue regime. Displacement-controlled fatigue tests were performed on open-hole samples, under different conditions, at various displacement amplitudes of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 mm and also under various displacement rates of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mm/min. After acquiring acoustic emission signals during cycles, two characteristic parameters were used, including the energy and the cumulative energy. Obtained results implied that the energy parameter of acoustic emission signals could be used only for the macroscopic damage, occurring at more than 65% of normalized fatigue cycles under different test conditions. However, the cumulative energy could properly predict both microscopic and macroscopic defects, at least two failure types, including matrix cracking at first cycles and the fiber breakage at last cycles. Besides, scanning electron microscopy images proved initially such claims under all loading conditions.
Returning Citizens and Point of Entry: Is There a Match?
Authors: Fogel Sondra J. , Lersch Kim M. , Ringhoff Daniel , Grosholz Jessica M.
Published: January 2021

The period after incarceration and the influence of neighborhood effects are gaining interest among scholars as a small body of evidence is illustrating the difficulties returning citizens have obtaining basic services and needs, employment, stable housing, and other social and behavioral health supports in the areas where they are being released. Transitional planning efforts to ensure that returning citizens are prepared to engage in society and have necessary supports are often made. However, returning citizens may be in local communities that do not offer needed supports, such as in areas of high poverty and criminal activity, and low employment options. Findings from this study suggest that more attention is needed to where returning citizens are released following their period of incarceration.
Finite element analysis of the three-dimensional crack and defects in piezoelectric materials under the electro-mechanical coupling field
Authors: Zhu Shuai , Liu Haitao
Published: January 2021

This paper presents three-dimensional planar crack and non-planar defects analysis of piezoelectric materials by the finite element method (FEM). Based on practical engineering, a series of reasonable three-dimensional defects models are established. Different from the usual two-dimensional plane as a three-dimensional defect form, the present paper takes into account the different causes, concrete position, and various shapes of typically three-dimensional non-planar defects in practical engineering. By changing the geometric size of the defect and the electro-mechanical boundary conditions, the effects of three-dimensional defect geometry and different electro-mechanical coupling boundary conditions on the distribution of stress, electric field strength, and electric displacement around the defect are investigated. The calculation results show that the electro-mechanical parameters are strongly affected by the geometry of defect and boundary conditions. Furthermore, the distribution of electro-mechanical parameters in the detailed position of the different three-dimensional defect model is also studied, which can accurately assess the location where the defect is prone to fracture. It is concluded that this paper can be used as a reference of three-dimensional defects and the service life of piezoelectric materials in practical engineering structures.
Dynamic analysis of semi-active MR suspension system considering response time and damping force curve
Authors: Oh Jong-Seok , Jeon Kyungho , Kim Gi-Woo , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: January 2021

To obtain a good ride quality and smooth car body motion, many studies have focused on the damper. Passive dampers are unable to respond actively to changes in the environment; hence many studies are being conducted on semi-active dampers that use magnetorheological (MR) fluids. As the damping characteristics of the MR damper, such as the response time, control gain, and gradient of the damping force curve, can significantly affect the control performance of the vehicle, the damping characteristics of the MR damper should be carefully considered. Accordingly, in this study, we developed a method for selecting the damping characteristics of an MR damper for specific vehicle types and analyze the relation between the dynamic characteristics of MR damper and driving performances. To achieve this objective, we demonstrated that the damping characteristics can be tuned according to the additional flow path, groove, and core material. To confirm the enhancement of the ride quality, vibration control performance, and steering stability, the skyhook controller was considered. Since we obtained the suitable damping characteristics that met the requirements under random road profiles and bumpy roads, the realization of these characteristics will enable us to satisfy the driving requirements.
Effect of shape factor on compression mode dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Vatandoost Hossein , Hemmatian Masoud , Sedaghati Ramin , Rakheja Subhash
Published: January 2021

The present study investigates the effects of shape factor (SF) on compression mode properties of cylindrical isotropic and anisotropic MREs. MRE samples with different SFs were fabricated and an experimental set up was designed to measure their magneto-mechanical responses. Extensive experimental characterizations of both kinds of MREs under wide ranges of excitation (strain-rate and amplitude) and applied magnetic field were conducted to realize the effect of SF on their compression mode dynamic properties, and also to identify the coupling effect between SF and loading conditions. Moreover, practical models have been proposed to accurately predict compression elastic and loss moduli of both MREs as a function of SF, strain-rate, amplitude and magnetic flux density. Results revealed maximum SF-stiffening effect of up to 77% and 111% for the compression elastic modulus of the isotropic and anisotropic MREs, respectively, when SF was increased from 0.375 to 0.75. The respective maximum SF effects on the loss factor were obtained as 120% and 49%. Results also generally show nonlinear effects of the SF on both the off- and on-state MRE properties and increasing the SF can enhance the relative MR effect in terms of both the elastic modulus and the loss factor of both MREs.
Returning to Work Following Spousal Loss? The Experiences of Widowed Parents
Authors: Holmgren Helle
Published: January 2021

Families with children in the home who lose a parent to death are not only faced by bereavement but quite often a whole array of other changes. One area that has so far been overlooked in research is the return to work of the surviving parent. In this online survey of widowed parents, four out of five (81.6%, n=71) had experienced changes in their working or student conditions as a direct result of losing their partner. The experienced changes were mainly seen in relation to increased sick leave, reduced working hours, redundancy, and a change of jobs. Thematic analyses of participant responses to open-ended questions resulted in four different themes: Feeling overburdened, Grief as a process, Unaccommodating workplace, and Accommodating workplace. The results of this study highlight a need for focusing on the return to work of bereaved employees who have lost a co-parent.
Classical Lobular Carcinoma In Situ Arising From an Intraductal Papilloma of the Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Nah Ihm , Park Min Ho , Lee Ji Shin
Published: January 2021

Intraductal papilloma of the breast is a benign, mass-forming, proliferative lesion with a papillary architecture confined within a duct. Lobular neoplasia can rarely arise from an intraductal papilloma of the breast. In this article, we report the morphologic features of a rare case of classical LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ) arising from an intraductal papilloma in a 76-year-old woman. The monomorphic dyscohesive cells were present between the myoepithelial and luminal epithelial layer in the periphery of the papilloma. These cells partially obliterated the spaces between the papillae forming solid sheets. The monomorphic dyscohesive cells showed lack of E-cadherin expression and uniform staining for estrogen receptor. We review the histologic differential diagnosis and stress the importance of correct classification to ensure optimal care for patients. We also propose a new criterion for the distinction of lobular neoplasia within a papilloma.
Evaluation of the nutritional quality of cereal bars made with pulse flours using desirability functions
Authors: Maia Lucas Costa , Nano Rita Maria Weste , Santos Wagna Piler Carvalho dos , de Oliveira Fábio Santos , Barros Camila Oliveira , de Souza Miranda Katia Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

The development of nutritious, low-cost snacks has become increasingly important due to consumer demand for healthier diets. In this study, sensory and physical-chemical parameters and mineral compositions (P, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Mn, Ni and Ba) of cereal bars were evaluated. The bars were made with flours of Lablab purpureus L. Sweet (mangalo), Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (cowpea) or Cajanus cajan L. Huth (pigeon pea) and the desirability function was used to attain the best formulation for maximising the content of protein, fibre, ashes and essential elements. Sensory analysis revealed satisfactory acceptability. Acidity did not change significantly (p > 0.05), and water activity values ​​did not exceed 0.557 over 90 days, indicating stability. Principal component analysis revealed no significant differences when comparing the mineral content between the bars. The desirability function indicated that the cowpea-based bar had a higher nutritional quality, with a protein content of 4.91 ± 0.25 g 100 g−1, P content of 187.7 ± 3.6 mg 100 g−1, Mg content of 87.37 ± 1.19 mg 100 g−1 and Mn content of 2020 ± 130 µg 100 g−1, than the other bars. The overall sensory evaluation also yielded a high score for the cowpea-based bar (overall quality equal to 6.23 ± 1.10). Therefore, pulse flours could be potential nutritional ingredients for making snacks, and in particular, cereal bars containing them could be a viable product alternative for small rural cooperatives.
Study time, glasses utilization and age affect quality of life among senior first-year Chinese myopia students
Authors: Zhu Ziqian , He Yan , Yang Jiezheng , Li Qiaoli , Cheng HuanHuan , Zhong Lei , Wang Ting , Wang Tao , Ling Shiqi
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To compare the quality of life of senior first-year students with normal vision and myopia, and to explore the risk factors related to quality of life in students with myopia.

Methods:

In this study, 1103 senior first-year students were enrolled in ten high schools. These students were divided according to the diopter degree, with 916 myopia students and 187 normal vision students. Visual function indexes, such as naked eye vision, were measured and recorded, and social demographic indexes and the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) was used. The differences in quality of life between the two groups were compared. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the possible risk factors for quality of life in myopia students.

Results:

In the NEI VFQ-25, the total quality of life scores of myopia students (77.06 ± 15.66) were lower than those of normal vision students (85.49 ± 12.37). The difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.007). In the correlation analysis, the total scores of quality of life in myopia students were positively correlated with wearing glasses ( p = 0.049), and were negatively correlated with study time ( p = 0.029). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that study time, wearing glasses and age were risk factors affecting quality of life in myopia students.

Conclusion:

Our results show that senior first-year myopia students have lower quality of life scores than students with normal vision. Study time, wearing glasses and age are risk factors for quality of life in senior first-year myopia students.
Problematic eating behaviors in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: Studying their relationship with psychopathology
Authors: de Lourdes Marta , Pinto-Bastos Ana , Machado Paulo PP , Conceição Eva
Published: January 2021

This study explored the associations between individuals presenting different problematic eating behaviors (Objective/Subjective binge-eating—OBE/SBE—and Compulsive/Non-compulsive grazing—C_Grazing/NC_Grazing) and eating disorder related symptoms. About 163 pre- and 131 post-bariatric patients were assessed. Assessment included: Face-to-face clinical interview to assess binge-eating and grazing episodes, and self-report measures to assess eating disorder symptomatology, psychological distress, and negative urgency. OBE and NC_Grazing were the problematic eating behaviors most and least associated with psychopathology, respectively. OBE and C_Grazing uniquely accounted for the significant variance in the most disordered eating variables. Our findings emphasize the need for the conceptualization of grazing behavior in the spectrum of disordered eating.
Secondary Peritonitis and Intra-Abdominal Sepsis: An Increasingly Global Disease in Search of Better Systemic Therapies
Authors: Clements T. W. , Tolonen M. , Ball C. G. , Kirkpatrick A. W.
Published: January 2021

Secondary peritonitis and intra-abdominal sepsis are a global health problem. The life-threatening systemic insult that results from intra-abdominal sepsis has been extensively studied and remains somewhat poorly understood. While local surgical therapy for perforation of the abdominal viscera is an age-old therapy, systemic therapies to control the subsequent systemic inflammatory response are scarce. Advancements in critical care have led to improved outcomes in secondary peritonitis. The understanding of the effect of secondary peritonitis on the human microbiome is an evolving field and has yielded potential therapeutic targets. This review of secondary peritonitis discusses the history, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future directions of the management of secondary peritonitis. Ongoing clinical studies in the treatment of secondary peritonitis and the open abdomen are discussed.
Three-dimensional dynamic modeling and analytical method investigation of planetary gears for vibration prediction
Authors: Zhang Lina , Wang Changchun , Bao Wenke , Xie Fuxiang
Published: January 2021

The investigation of planetary gear dynamics including dynamic modeling and dynamic response analysis is a crucial approach in vibration reduction of industrial power transmission systems. In this paper, the nonlinear, time-varying dynamic model of a spur planetary gear system under consideration of the translational and rotational motions is investigated. The three subsystems for sun-planet, ring-planet and planet-carrier are analyzed subsequently, and the dynamic equations of the system are obtained. Moreover, different planet phasing and spacing configurations can be described by means of this model. In addition, the dynamic response is investigated by the multiple-scale method. First, the analytical solutions of the primary, superharmonic and subharmonic resonances are obtained. Then the frequency amplitude curves of different resonance modes are compared and the influence of some parameters on the vibration amplitude is studied. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the analytical solutions is evaluated by the numerical integration simulations. The results show that the frequency-amplitude curves of the primary and superharmonic resonance are similar in shape, the three solutions coexist, and the types of unstable solutions and stable solutions are identical. Furthermore, the softening nonlinearity of the subharmonic amplitude-frequency curve is more obvious under the three-dimensional model. This research is an important development of three-dimensional dynamic modeling and vibration prediction of planetary gears, and also improves the efficiency and accuracy of dynamic response calculation.
Charlie Gladstone, rentier or entrepreneur? A case study of contemporary ‘Aristocratic Enterprise’
Authors: Grant Graham , Smith Rob
Published: January 2021

Context, including social class is an emerging topic of interest in entrepreneurship studies. According to prevailing orthodoxy, to be upper-class is to be anti-enterprise. Aristocrats are defined through their ownership of land and rentier status and portrayed as conservative being focused on stewardship of their estates, rather than engaging with enterprising activities. This case challenges this traditional perception arguing that aristocrats can pursue an entrepreneurial approach to stewardship in contrast with traditional, low-risk, estate management. The focus is upon aristocrat Charlie Gladstone to explore this phenomenon. Charlie is both rentier and serial entrepreneur who engages his entrepreneurial efforts on the economic reinvigoration of his estates and expanding portfolio of entrepreneurial ventures. The case demonstrates that the enriched human, social and economic capital available to the upper-class can be exploited in an entrepreneurial manner.
Effects of turbocharger rotational inertia on engine and turbine performance in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine under transient and steady conditions
Authors: Park Chansoo , Ebisu Motoki , Bae Choongsik
Published: January 2021

The effects of turbocharger (T/C) rotational inertia on engine and turbine performance under transient and steady engine conditions were analyzed in a 2.0 L 4-cylinder turbocharged-gasoline direct injection (T-GDI) engine. The test T/Cs consisted of heavy and light compressor wheels (C/W) and turbine wheels (T/W). The study was conducted in two research stages. First, transient engine load tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of T/C rotational inertia on transient response of the T/C, combustion performance, and fuel consumption. Seconds, steady engine load tests were conducted to find out if a light inertia T/C can run at higher efficiency under the same exhaust pulsating flow conditions within one engine cycle. In order to evaluate the engine on-board turbine instantaneous performances in the units of crank angle degree (CAD), T/C rotation speed and pressure data were measured in the experiment. The instantaneous exhaust gas mass flow rate and the temperature of upstream and downstream of the turbine were extracted by 1-D simulation. Turbine efficiency and mass flow rate parameters were calculated by combining these data. In the results, there existed positive effects of light inertia T/C on response and specific fuel consumption under transient conditions. It was also found that the light inertia T/C could show higher T/C speed fluctuation under the same exhaust pulsating flow conditions. Consequently, blade speed ratio (BSR) and turbine efficiency of light inertia T/C were partially higher than that of conventional one. However, it was not led to higher engine efficiency.
Karl Mannheim’s Ideology and Utopia and the public role of sociology
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: January 2021

Karl Mannheim’s work, particularly his book Ideology and Utopia, has considerable relevance to current concerns about the public role of sociology. However, this is not widely recognised, and key aspects of his thought have frequently been neglected or disparaged. In this article the background to Mannheim’s work is outlined, and a summary provided of the central argument of Ideology and Utopia, comparing this with the positions taken by Max Weber and Georg Lukács, both of whom were important influences on Mannheim. The major criticisms of, and problems with, Mannheim’s argument are then addressed. While he was by no means completely successful in putting forward a convincing conception of sociology’s public role, there is a great deal to be learned from his work, and from the manner in which he pursued it.
Tailored secondary microstructure of carbon black in polymer nanocomposite to trigger the conductivity for developing coated fabric
Authors: Sarkar Kajal , Panja Sudipta , Ghorai Sanjoy Kumar , Das Debasish , Chattopadhyay Santanu
Published: January 2021

We present the critical and systematic investigations on the normal/regular types of carbon black to trigger the conductivity of polymer nanocomposite in developing commercially viable coated flexible fabric. Regular grade carbon blacks are utilized to develop conductive fabric via nanocomposite preparation and application by knife-over-roll coating (average 90 microns thick). The study suggests, tailored secondary microstructure of carbon black particles having a diameter of 30 nanometers (with ∼0.6 packing fraction, 5.815E + 19 per cc charge carrier density, 0.774 ratios of Hall coefficient) has a profound effect on conductivity. The microstructure of carbon black is altered by the shearing force of a mechanical stirrer in a viscous solution of natural rubber latex and polyvinyl alcohol then self-restructured when an excess amount of water is evaporated by high-temperature drying. Thus, the tailored secondary microstructure of carbon black with a diameter of 30 nanometers provides the highest charge carrier density as compared to other types of carbon black used. We found that the attained conductivity (>113 S/m) in this process is 98% of the predicted value as per the classical model. This technique can be exploited to use normal grade carbon black in replacement of conductive grade carbon black and other carbonaceous material like graphene and carbon nanotube. We envision that this easily scalable, commercially viable technique can be utilized for large scale production of conductive fabric.
Can Greentree University Adopt Holistic Admissions Practices and Still Maintain Status as an Elite Institution?
Authors: Lewis Lisa S.
Published: January 2021

Despite legal challenges, universities are increasingly using holistic admissions practices to accomplish affirmative action and increased student diversity. The admissions committee of the college of nursing at an elite university grapples with the potential outcomes of adopting a holistic admissions process. The case offers the legal and theoretical contexts surrounding affirmative action in higher education. The reader is prompted to consider the value of diversity in the university setting, and the legal and ethical perspectives surrounding admissions practices.
Interactive digital art for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Albrecht Lindsey , Starnes Hannah , Benton Katie , Bol Awel , Gettings Emily , Dagenhard-Trainer Paige
Published: January 2021

Interactive digital art can be a beneficial therapeutic intervention for a variety of populations, but specifically for the population of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Interactive digital art uses the engagement of the participant to create a digital form of art. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the effects that interactive art has on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Interactive arts discussed were used in a variety of settings ranging from sand art, to using video games, or interactive art exhibits. Sand art and other digital painting methods were proven to be beneficial in improving cognitive functioning and social aspects of those with intellectual disabilities. While exploring the various settings, participant feedback was given in association with using interactive digital art.
Is leadership of nurses associated with nurse-reported quality of care? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: den Breejen-de Hooge Linda E , van Os-Medendorp Harmieke , Hafsteinsdóttir Thóra B
Published: January 2021

Background

Nurses need to exhibit stronger leadership by taking more responsibility and accountability to improve healthcare quality and patient safety.

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine the association between quality of care and leadership styles and practices, and whether the characteristics of nurses influence this interaction.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional survey of 655 nurses working on clinical wards in Dutch university medical centres in 2018.

Results

Transformational leadership was significantly associated with quality of care which explained 5.9% of the total variance ( R2 = 0.059 F = (11,643) = 3.726, p = 0.011), and the nurse characteristics gender, profession and type of practice area were significant influencing factors. Nurses rated the quality of care (mean (M) = 7.7, standard deviation (SD) = 1.3) as moderate and they showed moderate levels of transformational leadership style (M = 3.7, SD = 0.5) and transformational leadership practices (M ≥ 6.2 and ≤ 7.6).

Conclusions

When considering quality improvement on clinical wards strategic managers need to be aware of the fact that leadership is associated with quality of care and that nurse characteristics influence this association. The findings indicate a pressing need for education and training for nurses in how to develop leadership and raising the awareness among strategic managers about the importance of leadership in health care is recommended.
Anatomy of a Psychological Theory: Integrating Construct-Validation and Computational-Modeling Methods to Advance Theorizing
Authors: Grahek Ivan , Schaller Mark , Tackett Jennifer L.
Published: January 2021

Discussions about the replicability of psychological studies have primarily focused on improving research methods and practices, with less attention paid to the role of well-specified theories in facilitating the production of reliable empirical results. The field is currently in need of clearly articulated steps to theory specification and development, particularly regarding frameworks that may generalize across different fields of psychology. Here we focus on two approaches to theory specification and development that are typically associated with distinct research traditions: computational modeling and construct validation. We outline the points of convergence and divergence between them to illuminate the anatomy of a scientific theory in psychology—what a well-specified theory should contain and how it should be interrogated and revised through iterative theory-development processes. We propose how these two approaches can be used in complementary ways to increase the quality of explanations and the precision of predictions offered by psychological theories.
Romanticising the Past: Core Socialist Values and the China Dream as Legitimisation Strategy
Authors: Miao Ying
Published: January 2021

This article examines “core socialist values” as a part of the China Dream discourse, in the context of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s search for alternative sources of legitimacy. Using the “visualising our values” poster collection and the “China Dream Child” campaign as case studies, this article argues that such narratives form a crucial part of the CCP’s continuing legitimisation strategy, where the party emphasises its role in providing moral authority and guidance for the general public. In order to lay such claims, the narratives focus on romanticising and homogenising both the imperial and the socialist past, while projecting a strong sense of optimism for the future, based on similar hopes of continuity and homogeneity.
Which Type of M&A Makes an Acquiring Restaurant Firm a Star? Profit-Driven Versus Growth-Driven M&A
Authors: Mun Sung Gyun , Koh Yoon , Jang SooCheong (Shawn)
Published: January 2021

This study identifies whether profit-driven or growth-driven mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are more beneficial to a restaurant firm aiming to achieve profitable growth after an M&A. The results indicate that despite the challenges that must be overcome to achieve profitable growth through M&As, profit-driven acquiring firms are more likely to have better post-M&A operational performance than growth-driven acquiring firms. Therefore, this study suggests that when restaurant firms seek to grow their business through M&As, they should pursue this goal after achieving higher operational profitability, along with better cost controls, supply management, and marketing strategies, rather than optimistically adhering to growth strategies before accumulating any internal, market-based competitive strengths.
Impact of human behavior on inspiratory flow profiles in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension using AOS™ dry powder inhaler device
Authors: Sahay Sandeep , Holy Royanne , Lyons Shirley , Parsley Edwin , Maurer Mari , Weers Jeffry
Published: January 2021

Relative to healthy subjects, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension often present with decreased respiratory muscle strength, resulting in decreased maximum inspiratory pressure. Little is known about the impact of reduced respiratory muscle strength on the ability to achieve the peak inspiratory pressures needed for effective drug delivery when using portable dry powder inhalers (≥1.0 kPa). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of inhaler resistance and patient instruction on the inspiratory flow profiles of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients when using breath‐actuated dry powder inhalers. The inspiratory flow profiles of 35 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were measured with variants of the RS01 dry powder inhaler. Profiles were determined with a custom inspiratory flow profile recorder. Results showed that going from the low resistance RS01 dry powder inhaler to the high resistance AOS® dry powder inhaler led to increases in mean peak inspiratory pressures for pulmonary arterial hypertension subjects from 3.7 kPa to 6.5 kPa. Instructions that ask pulmonary arterial hypertension subjects to inhale with maximal effort until their lungs are full led to a mean peak inspiratory pressures of 6.0 kPa versus 2.1 kPa when the same subjects are asked to inhale comfortably. Significant decreases in mean peak inspiratory pressures are also observed with decreases in lung function, with a mean peak inspiratory pressures of 7.2 kPa for subjects with FEV1 > 60% predicted, versus 3.3 kPa for those subjects with FEV1 < 50% predicted. In conclusion, despite having reduced respiratory muscle strength, subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension can effectively use a breath‐actuated dry powder inhaler. The probability of achieving effective dose delivery may be increased by using dry powder inhalers with increased device resistance, particularly when subjects do not follow the prescribed instructions and inhale comfortably.