bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE MENINGITE NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM-PA EM UM PERÍODO DE 10 ANOS (2010 A 2019).
Authors: Souza Emerson Frank Moreira de , Poça Jadson José Guimarães da , Ferreira Tereza Cristina dos Reis , Pinheiro Maria da Conceição
Published: May 2021

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da meningite na Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA (RMB) entre o período de 2010 e 2019. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, quantitativo e descritivo. Foram coletados dados das notificações de meningite atendidas na RMB no período entre 2010 e 2019 disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas do Microsoft Office Excel 2019 e do BioEstat v5.3, nos quais as análises estatísticas (média, desvio padrão e teste-t) foram feitas. Posteriormente, houve a interpretação dos dados conforme os objetivos. RESULTADOS: A meningite na RMB apresentou caráter endêmico - notado pelo contínuo aparecimento anual de novos casos - alta incidência (15,55 casos /100mil hab.) e aumento significativo do número de notificações no período estudado. A maioria dos casos atendidos era proveniente do município de Belém, da cor parda, do sexo masculino e das faixas entre 20 e 39 anos e menores de 14 anos. Quanto a etiologia, as meningites bacterianas foram as mais comuns. E, dentre elas, foi predominante a meningite tuberculosa, seguida das meningocócica e pneumocócica. Por fim, foi encontrado um percentual importante da mortalidade por meningite (11,6%). CONCLUSÃO: A meningite se mostrou ainda ser um considerável problema de saúde pública na RMB. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade da intensificação de ações de combate na região, principalmente por meio de ações preventivas, como intensificação de campanhas de vacinação e de campanhas educativas sobre essa doença e a importância de seguir corretamente o calendário vacinal.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E ÓBITOS EM PACIENTES INTERNADOS COM DOENÇA REUMÁTICA CRÔNICA DO CORAÇÃO ENTRE 2012 A 2018 EM ESTADO DE TOCANTINS.
Authors: Figueira Caroline Barros , Caroline da Silveira Dias Brenda , Rodrigues Costa Carolina , Macena Martins Karol-Layne , Bandeira da Silva Manuela , Vieira Ruela Marina , Bezerra D’alessandro Walmirton
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A cardiopatia reumática crônica é uma complicação não supurativa porinfecção da faringoamigdalite pelo streptococcus b-hemolítico do grupo A. Ocorre emindivíduos genéticamente susceptíveis e que tiveram uma resposta imune tardia. É amanifestação crônica mais severa da febre reumática, que se caracteriza por fibrose ecalcificação valvar. É uma patologia de alta incidência no Tocantins, mas que tempoucos estudos que informam sobre o perfil do paciente e sua relevância, algofundamental para a prevenção dos agravos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever ascaracterísticas sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes internados emHospitais do SUS entre 2011 a 2018 no Estado de Tocantins. Método: Estudoepidemiológico, descritivo, retrospectivo com uma população (n) de 268 pacientesadmitidos entre 2011 e 2018 no eEstado do Tocantins. Os dados foram coletados dabase de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde(DATASUS). Foram analisadas as características epidemiológicas como sexo,raça/cor, faixa etária, média de permanência e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: Noperíodo analisado de 2011 a 2018, as doenças do aparelho circulatório com ênfase nadoença reumática crônica do coração, teve maior prevalência o ano de 2012, n=56, o

que equivale 20,8% de um total de 268 internações. Dentre todas as faixas etáriasanalisadas, menor que 1 ano até maior que 80 anos, a idade de maior predomínio foide 40-49 anos, n=49, correspondente a 18,2% do total analisado. De todas as raçasapuradas, a parda foi dominante, n=189, com 70,5%. O maior número de óbitos foiem 2014, tendo 33,3%, n=4 de um total de 12 óbitos do período estudado.Conclusões: A incidência de internação hospitalar foi elevada quando comparada àmédia da região Norte. A descrição das características sociodemográficas eepidemiológicas norteia o planejamento das ações dos profissionais de saúde parafornecer um atendimento de melhor qualidade. O estudo apresentou limitações vistoque a fontes de dados (SIH/SUS) registra somente informações realizadas no sistemapúblico de saúde. Ressalta-se que o tratamento da febre reumática para ser eficientedeve ser precoce e se possível, antes do comprometimento do coração.
Neoplasia Trofoblástica Gestacional
Authors: Da Silva Moro Braullyo Kalleu
Published: May 2021

A doença trofoblástica gestacional constitui uma anomalia de gravidez que engloba formas clínicas benignas (mola hidatiforme completa e parcial) e malignas (mola invasora, coriocarcinoma, tumor trofoblástico do sítio placentário e tumor trofoblástico epitelioide).  Neste relato, é apresentado o caso de uma paciente assistida no Hospital e Maternidade Dona Regina em Palmas – TO acometida por um tipo de neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional (NTG), a mola invasora. Esta é uma forma da doença que cursa com elevados níveis de hCG, altamente responsiva à quimioterapia (QT), com taxas de cura superiores a 90% e o seu diagnóstico é habitualmente clínico (NTG não metastática), e não histológico. NTG de baixo risco tem sido tratada com monoquimioterapia, enquanto os casos de NTG de alto risco devem ser tratados com poliquimioterapia. O objetivo desse relato de caso é rever aspectos clínicos, patológicos e terapêuticos da neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional do tipo mola invasora.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA RAIVA NO BRASIL DE 2010 A 2019
Authors: Dias de Oliveira Isadora , Pereira Rodrigues Allan Eduardo , Parreira Vaz Guilherme , Leal Costa Moura Gabriel , Leite Bitencourt Evandro
Published: May 2021

A raiva humana é uma doença letal que está presente em diversos países do mundo, sendo o Brasil um deles. Dessa maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico da doença entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, por meio da coleta de dados anuais disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN) do Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS). A pesquisa obteve um total de 37 casos confirmados de Raiva. Ainda, há uma prevalência da doença entre homens e crianças, sobretudo em residentes da zona rural. Dessa maneira, medidas de profilaxia e campanhas de vacinação são necessárias para o reduzir o avanço da doença.
Biyopsikososyal Yaklaşım ve Gelişim Süreci
Authors: SEZER KORUCU Kevser , ÇALIŞKAN SÖYLEMEZ Şerife , OKSAY Aygen
Published: May 2021

Modern tıp uygulamaları insanı mekanik bir varlık olarak ele almaktadır. Ancak insan, inancı, hayata bakış açısı, yemesi-içmesi, alışkanlıkları gibi birçok nedenden dolayı çevresi ile sürekli etkileşim halindedir. Bu etkileşim sürecinde hastalık olgusu ile karşılaşıldığında sağlık profesyonellerinin tavrı çok önemlidir. Biyopsikososyal model, hekimlerin problemi tanımlama, sınıflandırma, tedavi yöntemi önerme gibi yetkinliklerinin yanı sıra hastalarını anlaması, değer vermesi ve kararlarına ortak etmesi anlayışına dayanmaktadır. Hasta odaklı yaklaşımın önem arz ettiği biyopsikososyal modele göre hekimlerin, hastanın problemlerinin bilimsel izahıyla yetinmediklerini bilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada biyomedikal yaklaşımın eksik yönleri ortaya konulurken, daha etkili tanı ve tedavi için biyopsikososyal yaklaşımın önemi gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. 1977'de George Engel tarafından kavramsallaştırılan biyopsikososyal modelin çerçevesi çizilerek, tarihçesi, gerekliliği, biyomedikal modelden biyopsikososyal modele geçiş ve biyopsikososyal modele getirilen eleştiriler ele alınarak biyopsikososyal yaklaşımın sağlık sistemindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır.
State of the practice in pavement structural design/analysis codes relevant to airfield pavement design
Authors: Heymsfield Ernie , Tingle Jeb
Published: May 2021

An airfield pavement structure is designed to support aircraft live loads for a specified pavement design life. Computer codes are available to assist the engineer in designing an airfield pavement structure. Pavement structural design is generally a function of five criteria: the pavement structural configuration, materials, the applied loading, ambient conditions, and how pavement failure is defined. The two typical types of pavement structures, rigid and flexible, provide load support in fundamentally different ways and develop different stress distributions at the pavement – base interface. Airfield pavement structural design is unique due to the large concentrated dynamic loads that a pavement structure endures to support aircraft movements. Aircraft live loads that accompany aircraft movements are characterized in terms of the load magnitude, load area (tire-pavement contact surface), aircraft speed, movement frequency, landing gear configuration, and wheel coverage. The typical methods used for pavement structural design can be categorized into three approaches: empirical methods, analytical (closed-form) solutions, and numerical (finite element analysis) approaches. This article examines computational approaches used for airfield pavement structural design to summarize the state-of-the-practice and to identify opportunities for future advancements. United States and non-U.S. airfield pavement structural codes are reviewed in this article considering their computational methodology and intrinsic qualities.
Buddhism and Science in the Perspective of Intercultural Philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Belimova Vlada S.
Published: May 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the dialogue between Tibetan Buddhism and Western science which began in the second half of the 20th century on the ini­tiative of the 14th Dalai Lama and is actively developing today. The paper pro­vides examples of the interaction between the Western (as well as Russian) scien­tists and the leader of the Tibetan Buddhists and Buddhist monks, especially in the field of consciousness studies. During this dialogue some new areas of possible interaction have emerged which involved both – Western scientific method, the Buddhist traditional forms of meditation and philosophy of mind. For all its participants, it becomes obvious that a common philosophical platform is needed to better understand each other and to develop further on their mutu­ally beneficial cooperation. Contemporary philosophers involved in this dialogi­cal process offer a number of approaches to serve this purpose. The article dis­cusses philosophical approaches of Alan Wallace (empiricism), Michel Bitbol (transcendental phenomenological epistemology), and advocates of intercul­tural philosophy (Jay Garfield, Mark Siderits, Victoria Lysenko). It is the inter­cultural approach, the basis of which is the equal status of all participants (the concept of “polylogue”), and their shared good knowledge of the language of science along with concepts elaborated in both – Western and Buddhist philo­sophical traditions, is presented in this paper as the most promising methodologi­cal foundation for the interaction of “multicultural rationalities”.
Methodological “Mid-for” from the Perspective of V. Lektorsky’s Non-classics, A. Akhiezer’s Mediation and R. Greenberg’s / A. Rubinstein’s Complementarity Principle
Authors:   Institute of Sociology – Federal Scientific Research Sociological Center of Russian Academy of Science, Davydov Alexey P.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the methodological “middle” from the perspective of research by V.A. Lektorsky, M.M. Bakhtin, A.S. Akhiezer and R.S. Grinberg / A.J. Rubinstein. Why they? Because in their complementarity, they significantly approached the answer to the main question of the researchers of the “middle”: how is possible a social mechanism in Russian culture, which contains the potential to overcome the split between the historically formed Rus­sian culture (veche, authoritarian sobornost, rejecting personality, through itself forming a type of Russian power) and society (ideally civil, personal, through it­self shaping social needs)? A scientific discussion on this topic today is possible through the Lectorsky’s theory of non-classical epistemology and its social spec­ification – the M.M. Bakhtin’s principle “I am for the other from the point of view of the other”, “the other for me from my point of view”, the search for the third meaning (mediation) by Akhiezer as an alternative to Manichaean thinking and the Greenberg’s / Rubinstein’s concept of economic sociodynamics (CES). The concept of “mid-for” is used for the first time – the idea of the subjectivity of the “sphere between” culture and society, aimed at developing both poles through developing oneself as the basis for this development.
The Argument from the Sense of Freedom, and a Desperate Compatibilism
Authors:   Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies, Mertsalov Andrew V.
Published: May 2021

The argument from the sense of freedom, unlike many other libertarian arguments, doesn’t question the compatibility of free will and determinism, but is aimed against the belief that determinism is true. The endorsement of determinism undermines the sense of freedom and thereby excludes the possibility of rational choice. And since its possibility is a necessary condition for free will, the belief that determinism is true excludes it as well, the argument concludes. In the first part of the article, I outline how the sense of freedom can be understood and what are the reasons to admit its existence. For it is possible that the sense of freedom is misleading, in the second part I consider why we should think that it doesn’t deceive us, and what are the reasons against skepticism about it. In the third part, I formulate the argument from the sense of freedom; I also examine standard compatibilist defence strategies against such kind of arguments and demonstrate their inefficiency against the argument from the sense of freedom. In conclusion, I argue that the argument from the sense of freedom, supplemented by the antiseptic thesis, reveals vulnerabilities of all but the most desperate compatibilist theories.
Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Merab Mamerdashvili: Two Ways of Interpretation
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Gasparyan Diana E.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the similarities and differences between M. Mamar­dashvili’s and E. Gusserl’s phenomenological approaches with an emphasis on M. Mamardashvili’s phenomenology. It is shown that Mamardashvili was a follower of transcendental philosophy, developing his special variant of phe­nomenology. The peculiarity of his method implies different methods of connec­tion of the phenomenology with the classical philosophical toolkit, as well as a special method of constitution of the phenomenon, which includes three components, namely: 1)presence of some personal experience connected with perceived given; 2) correlation of this personal experience with some idea which is shown in this experience; 3) motive of random event which is nonlinear, con­figuring sense as something whole. All three aspects of the constitution of the event make it possible to bring it under the main thing, the nonlinear proce­dure of extracting meaning from the events taking place. As it is shown in the ar­ticle, Mamardashvili believes that this is the only way for a person to get sense as it is impossible to come to him by “natural” (causal and consecutive) way. It seems that Husserl does not have such complex dramaturgy of constitution. In Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, meanings do not imply a mandatory mediating of values or value teleology.
Effects of Surface Coupling Strength in WRF/Noah-MP Model on Regional Climate Simulations Over China
Authors: Zhang Xia , Chen Liang , Ma Zhuguo , Duan Jianping , Dai Danqiong , Zhang Haoxin
Published: May 2021

Land–atmosphere energy and moisture exchange can strongly influence local and regional climate. However, high uncertainty exits in the representation of land–atmosphere interactions in numerical models. The parameterization of surface exchange process is greatly affected by varying the parameter Czil which, however, is typically set to a domain-wide constant value. In this study, we examine the sensitivity of regional climate simulations over China to different surface exchange strengths using three Czil schemes (default without Czil , constant Czil = 0.1, and dynamic canopy-height-dependent Czil -h schemes) in the 13-km-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a Noah land surface model with multi-parameterization options (WRF/Noah-MP). Our results demonstrate that the Czil -h scheme substantially reduces the overestimations of land–atmosphere coupling strength in the other two schemes, and comparisons with the ChinaFLUX observations indicate the capability of the Czil -h scheme to better match the observed surface energy and water variations. The results of the Czil schemes applying to four typical climate zones of China present that the Czil -h simulations are in the closest agreements with the field observations. The Czil -h scheme can narrow the positive discrepancies of simulated precipitation and surface fluxes as well as the negative biases of Ts in areas of Northeast, North China, Eastern Northwest, and Southwest. Especially, the above remarkable improvements produced by the Czil -h scheme are primarily over areas covering short vegetation. Also noted that the precipitation simulated by the Czil -h scheme exhibits more intricate and unclear changes compared with surface fluxes simulations due to the non-local impacts of surface exchange strength resulted from the fluidity of the atmosphere. Overall, our findings highlight the applicability of the dynamical Czil as a better physical alternative to treat the surface exchange process in atmosphere coupling models.
Application of a Hybrid ARIMA-LSTM Model Based on The SPEI For Drought Forecasting
Authors: Xu Dehe , Zhang Qi , Ding Yan , Zhang De
Published: May 2021

Drought forecasting can effectively reduce the risk of drought. We proposed a hybrid model based on deep learning methods that integrates an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to improve the accuracy of short-term drought prediction. Taking China as an example, this paper compares and analyzes the prediction accuracy of six drought prediction models, ARIMA, support vector regression (SVR), LSTM, ARIMA-SVR, least square-SVR (LS-SVR) and ARIMA-LSTM, for SPEI. The performance of all the models was compared using measures of persistence, such as the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and so on. The results show that all three hybrid models (ARIMA-SVR, LS-SVR and ARIMA-LSTM) had higher prediction accuracy than the single model. (ARIMA, SVR and LSTM), for a given lead time, at different scales. the NSEs of the hybrid ARIMA-SVR, LS-SVR and ARIMA-LSTM models for the predicted SPEI1 are 0.043,0.168 and 0.368, respectively, and the NSEs of SPEI24 is 0.781, 0.543 and 0.93, respectively. This finding indicates that when the lead time remains unchanged, the prediction accuracy of the hybrid ARIMA-SVR, LS-SVR and ARIMA-LSTM models for the SPEI at various scales is gradually improved with increasing time scale, and the prediction accuracy of the model with a one-month lead time is higher than that of the model with a two-month lead time. In addition, the ARIMA-LSTM model has the highest prediction accuracy at the 6-, 12-, and 24-month scales, indicating that the model is more suitable for the forecasting of long-term drought in China.
Assessing the Coordination of Regional Water and Soil Resources and Ecological Environment System Based on Development Rate Characteristics
Authors: Fu Qiang , cheng Kun , He Kang xu , Tagawa Kotaro
Published: May 2021

The coordinated development of land and water resources and the ecological environment is essential to regional sustainable development. In view of the current rapid development of information science, the coordination degree of eco-environmental systems has been evaluated from the perspective of development rate. Taking the major grain-producing areas in China as an example, this study used information entropy to determine the weights of various indicators and introduced the average annual growth rate to characterize the development rates of indicators. Through an improved dynamic coupling and coordination model, the coupling and coordination indices of the system and subsystems of land and water resources with the ecological environment were obtained. These indices were analyzed and compared with those generated from raw data. The results showed that during the study period, the land and water resources and the ecological-environmental system had a relatively low coupling, with reluctant coordination, and had a relatively low level of coordinated development. Compared with the results based on raw data, the development rate method yielded similar results on the coupling of subsystems. For the analysis of trends, the method using development rate characteristics better reflected the overall coupling of the system, as well as the coordination of the system when considering the range of relative changes. Therefore, evaluation results based on development rate characteristics can, to a certain degree, better help decision-makers timely understand the coordinated development of the land and water resources and the ecological-environmental system.
The Effect of Agricultural Development on Streamflow
Authors: Dariane Alireza Borhani , Farhoodi Sepehr
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, the amount of water in Urmia Lake has faced a considerable decrease. Several studies evaluated agricultural development as one of the main governing factors. The current study investigates the effect of agricultural development on the amount of streamflow in one of the main Urmia Lake sub-basins. To focus on agricultural development, a novel method using DEM and NDVI information was utilized to distinguish the agriculture class for selected years. Outputs of SWAT model for different years and scenarios revealed that agricultural development from the year 1977 to 2015, increased the annual evapotranspiration from 295 to 308 mm, and decreased the annual streamflow from 317 mcm to 300 mcm for the irrigation scenario. In addition, the groundwater level fluctuations captured by the SWAT, showed 1.9 meters drawdown in the Sarab plain from the year 1992 to 2003, which was in accordance with the observed trend during this period.
Supine Versus Upright Exercise in Patients With Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Orthodeoxia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Parikh Harsh , Lui Eric , Faughnan Marie E , Al-Hesayen Abdul , Segovia Stephanie , Gupta Samir
Published: May 2021

Background: The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication of liver disease found in 10 to 32% of patients with cirrhosis and characterized by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and abnormal oxygenation. Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy for this disease. Patients with HPS have significant exercise limitation, impacting their quality of life and associated with poor liver transplant outcomes. Many patients with HPS exhibit orthodeoxia – an improvement in oxygenation in the supine compared to the upright position. We hypothesize that exercise capacity will be superior in the supine compared to the upright position in such patients.Methods: We propose a randomized controlled cross-over trial in patients with HPS and orthodeoxia, comparing the effect of supine versus upright position on exercise. Participants will be randomized to cycle ergometry in either the supine or upright position, followed by a crossover to the alternate position after a minimum of 1 day to a maximum of 4 weeks. Exercise will be performed at a constant work rate of 70-85% of the predicted peak work rate until the “stopping time” is reached, defined by exhaustion, profound desaturation, or safety concerns (drop in systolic blood pressure or life-threatening arrhythmia). The primary outcome will be the difference in stopping time between exercise positions.Discussion: HPS patients have hypoxemia leading to significant exercise limitation. If our study is positive, a supine exercise regimen could become a routine prescription for patients with HPS and orthodeoxia, enabling them to exercise more effectively. Future studies could explore the corresponding effects of a supine exercise training regimen on physiologic variables such as long-term exercise capacity, quality of life, dyspnea, and liver transplantation outcomes. Trial registration: The ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System (PRS): NCT04004104. Registered on 1st July 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04004104
Design and Simulation of a Very Fast and Compact All-Optical Full-Subtractor Based an Nonlinear Effect in 2D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Beiranvand Reza , Mir Ali , Talebzadeh Reza
Published: May 2021

In this paper, by using the non-linear effects and also destructive and constructive interferences between waveguides, we have designed and simulated an all-optical full-Subtractor based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. The proposed Subtractor has a very simple structure which is composed of 33×31 silicon rods immersed in air in a square lattice and involves three input ports (bits) and an additional waveguide to exhaust the unwanted light. We imposed some defect rods to control the behavior of the light. The used non-linear material, is a doped glass with 1.4×10− 14 m2/w non-linear refractive index which is very greater than the non-linearity refractive index of silicon, 3.46×10− 20 m2/w. Since the proposed structure is very simple and compact, it can be applicable in optical integrated circuits and optical calculations.
Resolving Transboundary Water Conflicts: Dynamic Evolutionary Analysis Using an Improved GMCR Model
Authors: Yang Mengjie , Yang Kai , Che Yue , Lu Shiqiang , Sun Fengyun , Chen Ying , Li Mengting
Published: May 2021

Accurately and objectively simulating the dynamic evolution of the behaviors of different decision-makers (DMs) is essential for identifying solutions to transboundary water conflicts. This research proposes an improved Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) based on the benefits of DMs’ behaviors to model the dynamic evolution of transboundary water conflicts. Additionally, the influence of third-party intervention on conflicts is investigated in depth. A demonstration area in the Yangtze River Delta on ecologically friendly development (DAYRD) in China is taken as the case study area. The results indicate that the improved GMCR model based on the benefit function can not only clearly identify the dynamic evolution path of transboundary water conflicts into cooperation, but also effectively avoid the influence of the subjective factors of researchers or experts in traditional methods. In addition, a third party with higher powers is the key to resolving transboundary water conflicts in the DAYRD. The implementation of punishment measures by a third party can change the status quo of water conflicts and boost effective cooperation among governments. The punishment amount should be greater than the protection costs shared by local governments. These findings provide experience for the resolution of transboundary water conflicts and enhance our understanding of the role of third parties in transforming conflict into cooperation.
Synthetic exploration of sulfinyl radicals using sulfinyl sulfones
Authors: Wang Zikun , Zhang Zhansong , Zhao Wanjun , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Giuseppe Zanoni , Wang Yingying , Anderson Edward , Bi Xihe
Published: May 2021

Sulfinyl radicals – one of the fundamental classes of S-centered radicals – have eluded synthetic application in organic chemistry for over 60 years, despite their potential to assemble valuable sulfoxide compounds. Here we report the successful generation and use of sulfinyl radicals in a dual radical addition / radical coupling with unsaturated hydrocarbons, where readily-accessed sulfinyl sulfones serve as the sulfinyl radical precursor. The strategy provides an entry to a variety of previously inaccessible linear and cyclic disulfurized adducts in a single step, and demonstrates excellent tolerance to an extensive range of hydrocarbons and functional groups. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic investigations suggest that these reactions proceed through sequential sulfonyl and sulfinyl radical addition.
Preparation of durable superhydrophobic cotton fabric for self-cleaning and oil–water separation
Authors: Xu Qingbo , Ke Xiating , Wang Zongqian , Wang Peng , Li Changlong
Published: May 2021

Improving the surface roughness and reducing the surface energy are the main strategies for constructing cotton fabrics with superhydrophobic surface. However, the complex finishing process and poor durability still impede the production and application of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics. Therefore, it is critical to produce superhydrophobic fabrics with excellent durability via a noncomplicated method. In this work, monomers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) were polymerized via free radical polymerization to produce a fluoropolymer. Then, the fabric was coated with the fluoropolymer to construct a superhydrophobic surface via the pad-dry-cure technology. The TFMA unit in the fluoropolymer had lower surface energy than the MMA unit. Under the high-temperature curing condition, the MMA unit in the fluoropolymer was grafted onto the cotton fabric via transesterification, and the TFMA was exposed on the fabric surface. The finished fabric showed durable superhydrophobic properties, outstanding oil–water separation properties, and excellent self-cleaning properties. Given the results, the finished fabric has great potential application in clothing and industrial fields.
Power Generation at Room Temperature -How to Design of the Sensitized Thermal Cell-
Authors: Kohata Haruki , Obinata Mitsugu , Ikeda Takumi , Sekiya Hayato , Mei Biao , Wang Ye , Mizukoshi Kazushi , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko
Published: May 2021

The effective utilisation of thermal energy is crucial to a world aiming at sustainable development goals. The sensitised thermal cell (STC) is a new thermal energy conversion technology, which was reported in 2017, for generating electricity via the redox reactions of electrolyte ions with thermally excited carriers in semiconductors. STC is attracting attention as a technology that could affect oil prices globally. Here, we report the successful construction of STC, which discharges and recovers well at room temperature, by studying the interelectrode and ion diffusion distances. The fabricated STC is thinner than 0.5 mm and can be rendered flexible. Further, STCs, which possess a power generation capacity of 0.1 microA, 100 mV per 1 mm2 area, and shall be installed “in” internet-of-things (IoT) devices, drainage pipes, and walls in the future.
Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients with no-significant of Transplanted Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Barteczko Manoela Linhares Machado , Orellana Henry Campos , Santos Gustavo Rocha Feitosa , Galhardo Attílio , Kanhouche Gabriel , Faccinetto Ana Carolina Buso , Júnior Hélio Tedesco , Pestana José Osmar Medina , de Paola Ângelo Amato Vicenzo , Barbosa Adriano Henrique Pereira
Published: May 2021

Background: Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis (TRAS) is the main vascular complication of kidney transplantation. For research and treatment purposes, several authors consider critical renal artery stenosis to be greater than 50%, and percutaneous intervention is indicated in this scenario. However, there are no reports in the current literature on the evolution of patients with less than 50% stenosis.Method: Retrospective study includes data from all patients that were submitted to kidney transplantation and were suspected TRAS after transplantation with stenosis under 50% independent on age, who were referred for angiography at a single center between January 2007 and December 2014. Results: During this period, 6,829 kidney transplants were performed at Hospital do Rim, 313 of them had clinical suspicion of TRAS and 54 were those who presented no-significant stenosis. The average age was 35.93 years old, the predominant gender was male and most individuals (94.4%) were submitted to dialysis before transplantation. Transplants, in most cases in this group, occurred from a deceased donor, 66.7%. The time between transplantation and angiography was less than one year in 79.6% of patients and all presented no-significant TRAS. Creatinine levels, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and the glomerular filtration rate improved over the long term. The outcomes found were death and renal loss.Conclusion: Age, sex and ethnic group of patients are factors that did not interfere with the frequency of renal artery stenosis. The outcomes showed that in the long term most patients evolve well, and have improved quality of life and kidney function, although there are cases of death and kidney loss.
Superhydrophobic and photocatalytic self-cleaning on cotton fabric using fluorine-free flower-like-TiO2/PDMS coatings
Authors: Pakdel Esfandiar , Zhao Hai , Wang Jinfeng , Tang Bin , Varley Russell , Wang Xungai
Published: May 2021

This research presents the development of novel self-cleaning cotton fabric with dual functionalities of superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activity. Fluorine-free coating formulations composed of either flower-like TiO2 or nitrogen-doped TiO2 particles, with a hierarchical surface morphology, and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) polymer were applied to cotton fabrics using a facile dip-coating method. The self-cleaning performance of fabrics was assessed based on their superhydrophobicity and effective removal of oil-based food stains. Additionally, the impact of nitrogen doping on photocatalytic activity of flower-like TiO2 particles was investigated. The obtained results demonstrated that the presence of both PDMS and hierarchical particles generated excellent superhydrophobicity on the cotton fabric with a water contact angle of 156.7 ± 1.9⁰. In addition, the coated fabric exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic activity, decomposing stains under simulated sunlight. Nitrogen doping process significantly boosted the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 particles in degrading stains and dye solution. The developed superhydrophobic fabric showed high robustness against both chemical and physical durability tests. This research contributes significantly to the continued advancement of highly efficient self-cleaning textiles via the development of dual functions of superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activity.
Cervical cerclage or not in delayed delivery interval: obstetric management and outcomes
Authors: Yu Nan , Gong Xun
Published: May 2021

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of cervical cerclage in order to delay the delivery interval after delivery of the first fetus in dichorionic twin pregnancies.
Study Design:

Records of 11 twin pregnancies where delayed delivery was experienced for retained fetus(es), were collected retrospectively. Cases with cervical cerclage placed after the first delivery were evaluated as the cerclage group and cases without cerclage placement were evaluated as the non-cerclage group.
Results

The median duration of the delay 25.4 ± 8.1days (range, 4–50) in the cerclage group and 7.7 ± 2.0 days(range, 3–17) in the non-cerclage group (P = 0.045). Average gain birthweight of the second fetus in the cerclage group was 408.0 ± 160.2 g and 93.3 ± 25.5g in the non-cerclagegroup(P = 0.061). But other parameters were not different between the two groups.
Conclusions

Cervical cerclage after the first delivery is associated with a longer inter-delivery interval without increasing the risk of intrauterine infection.
RISM-Assisted Analysis of the Role of Alkali Metal Hydroxides in the Solvation of Cellulose in Alkali/urea Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Huh Eugene , Yang Ji-Hyun , Lee Chang-Ha , Ahn Ik-sung , Mhin Byung Jin
Published: May 2021

The three-dimensional reference interaction site model theory with the Kovalenko-Hirata closure (3D-RISM-KH) combined with the Kirkwood-Buff integral (KBI) was used to clarify the role of alkali metal hydroxides (MOHs) in cellulose solvation in alkali/urea aqueous solutions. The KBI and excess number of MOHs showed that their access and affinity to cellulose were both in the order LiOH > NaOH > KOH. The cavity and interaction volumes for cellulose indicate that the alkali metal ions closer in proximity to cellulose induce thermal fluctuations of cellulose molecules more easily and cause more electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding with cellulose. These calculation results support the hypothesis of cellulose charging up, which claims that cellulose-ion interactions cause cellulose solvation. The energy and chemical potential of cellulose solvation confirmed the affinity and interaction of MOHs with cellulose. Solvent reorganization, whose energy primarily determined the solvation energy, was found to be facilitated by the more proximal MOH when in the presence of urea. 3D-RISM-KH combined with KBI produced quantitative information regarding the distribution and attractive interaction of MOHs (especially LiOH) with cellulose, which clarified their role in cellulose solvation in alkali/urea aqueous solutions.
The Association Between Maternal Perfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Early Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children：A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qu Aibin , Cao Tengrui , Li Zixuan , Wang Wenjuan , Liu Ran , Wang Xue , Nie Yaxiong , Sun suju , Liu Xuehui , Zhang Xiaolin
Published: May 2021

Some studies have shown that maternal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be associated with early attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to verify this association by reviewing existing studies and to provide a strong basis for preventing ADHD. The researchers searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase for all studies published before October 2020. Finally, we included nine articles for analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that maternal exposure to PFASs was not significantly associated with the prevalence rate of early childhood ADHD (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): odds ratio (OR) = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.75–1.25; perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS): OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.88–1.14; perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS): OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.80–1.09; perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA): OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.99–1.28; perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA): OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.15–2.32). Due to significant heterogeneity, we subsequently performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, a causal relationship between maternal PFASs exposure and ADHD in children was unlikely. Among them, PFOS, PFNA and ADHD might have positive associations worthy of further investigation.
Study On ECG Data Dependency For Atrial Fibrillation Detection Based On Residual Networks
Authors: Seo Hyo-Chang , Oh Seok , Joo Segyeong
Published: May 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia that can cause blood clot and may lead to stroke and heart failure. To detect AF, deep learning-based detection algorithms have recently been developed. However, deep learning models were often trained with limited datasets and were evaluated within the same datasets, which makes their performance generally drops on the external datasets, known as data dependency. For this study, three different databases from PhysioNet were used to investigate the data dependency of deep learning-based AF detection algorithm using the residual neural network (Resnet). Resnet 18, 34, 50 and 152 model were trained with raw electrocardiogram (ECG) signal extracted from independent database. The highest accuracy was about 98–99% which is evaluation results of test dataset from the own database. On the other hand, the lowest accuracy was about 53–92% which was evaluation results of the external dataset extracted from different source. There are data dependency according to the train dataset and the test dataset. However, the data dependency decreased as a large amount of train data.
Mothers With Depressed Mood: Help-seeking From Husbands and Child-rearing Behaviors
Authors: Katayama Miho , Kitaoka Kazuyo , Aijo Ritsuko
Published: May 2021

Background: Mothers with depressed mood tend not to seek help or support from others. Yet, there is no research providing a detailed examination of the processes that mothers with depressed mood undergo while seeking child-rearing support from their husbands. This study aimed to clarify the processes that mothers with depressed mood go through in seeking child-rearing support from their husbands and performing child-rearing duties. Methods: The participants were 10 mothers living in Japan who had given birth within the past three years and were suspected of having depression after screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Semi-structured interview data were analyzed based on the grounded theory.Results: The responses revealed that the mothers felt as though they had insufficient time for themselves, which impelled them to seek support from their husbands, consequently leading them to conclude either that child-rearing and housework are difficult or that child-rearing can be managed some way or another. Conclusion: When the husbands fully cooperated in child-rearing or demonstrated their willingness to cooperate in child-rearing, despite difficulty, the wives accepted their child-rearing support. On the other hand, if the husbands did not recognize their wives’ efforts, the wives did not accept their support, even if they had helped with child-rearing. In this way, the wives re-evaluated their relationship with the husbands based on their husbands’ attitudes toward child-rearing.
Student-Led Curricular Approaches in Medical Education: The Value-Added Effects of a Virtual Fundamentals of COVID-19 Course
Authors: Chiu Megan Z. , Baker Joseph M. , Gomez Maritza , Brown Cameron M. , Brenner Abigail M. , Huang Christina C. , Ko Paul Y. , Bauer Margaret E. , Trujillo Daniel , Roll Rebekah L. , Gerena Rolando G.
Published: May 2021

Background As the field of education was adapting to virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, a need quickly emerged for a course to prepare medical students for future clinical practice. This call to action was answered by creating an innovative Fundamentals of COVID-19 course at the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM). As a group of medical student leaders at IUSM, we developed this online course in order to support our fellow students and the community. The course was implemented in May 2020 and enrolled a total of 724 third- and fourth-year medical students. Subsequently, we carried out a research study about this student-led curricular approach and its implications for medical education. Methods The study examined the value-added educational effects of completing the Fundamentals of COVID-19 course. In order to examine these effects, the study asked enrolled students to complete both a pre- and post-course self-assessment survey. Students were asked an identical set of questions on each survey about their knowledge (7), skills (5), and abilities (5) (KSA) regarding COVID-19. Composite scores were created for each KSA learning domain. Responses were provided using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Results Out of the 724 students enrolled, 645 students completed both the pre- and post-course assessment surveys. Findings show that there were both meaningful and statistically significant differences in students’ responses to the pre- and post-course surveys. Results show 1.) a significant mean increase in the knowledge composite score of 1.01, 95% CI [0.95, 1.06], t(644) = 36.4 , p <.001, d = 1.43; 2.) a significant mean increase in the skills composite score of .55, 95% CI [0.50, 0.60], t(644) = 20.70, p <.001, d = 0.81. and 3.) a significant mean increase of the abilities composite score of 1.02, 95% CI [.97, 1.07], t(644) = 36.56, p <.001, d = 1.44. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the student-developed, online Fundamentals of COVID-19 course resulted in value-added educational effects. Overall, this study provides evidence to support virtually delivered, student-led curricular approaches in medical education.
Surface Chemistry Provoked Strategy to Develop Sustainable Latent Fingerprints Visualization and Multiple Anti-Counterfeiting Trajectory: Aggregation-Induced Emission Mechanism Based Active Conjugated Imidazole Luminogens
Authors: Ravindra M. K. , Darshan Giriyapura Prabhukumara , Lavanya D. R. , Mahadevan K. M. , Premkumar H. B. , Sharma S. C. , Adarsha H. , Nagabhushana H.
Published: May 2021

Aggregation-induced emission based organic heterocyclic luminogens bearing conjugated electronic structure have paid much attention due to its excellent fluorescence in aggregation state. In this communication, novel conjugated blue light emitting imidazole molecule is synthesized by one pot multicomponent reaction route is reported for the first time. The prepared molecule exhibits a strong fluorescence in aggregation state have gain much attention owing to their unique properties, namely simple synthesis, high purity, inexpensive, eco-friendly, large scale production, high photostability, etc. By considering these advantages of the prepared luminogen, a new fluorescence based platform has been setup for in-situ visualization of latent fingerprints and its preservation by spray method followed by Poly(vinyl alcohol) masking. A clear and well defined fluorescence fingerprint images on variety of surfaces by revealing level 1–3 ridge characteristics upon ultraviolet 365 nm light are noticed. The dual nature of binding specificity as well as excellent fluorescence properties permits the visualization of latent fingerprints for longer durations (up to 365 days) with superior contrast, sensitivity, efficiency, selectivity and negligible background hindrance. We further fabricated unclonable invisible security ink and make it highly suitable for various printing modes on valuable goods for protection against forging. The developed labels are displaying uniform distribution of ink and exceptional stability under various atmospheric environments. The development of long preservative forensic information as well as invisible ink opens new avenue in advanced forensic and data security applications.
Dissolution Behavior of Cellulose In The Binary Solvent of Polar Aprotic Solvent And TBAA
Authors: Lin Lianzhen
Published: May 2021

We have found that cellulose could be dissolved rapidly in the binary solvent of polar aprotic solvents (PAS) and tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) in a high solubility. The polar aprotic solvents includes dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The factors affecting the dissolution behavior of cellulose was investigated and it is indicated that the solubility and dissolution rate of cellulose in the binary solvent are significantly dependent on the species of PAS and the molar ratio of PAS/TBAA. Among all the polar aprotic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide is the best one, being attributed to its high diffusivity and strong solvation ability. The optimal molar ratio of PAS/TBAA was determined by donor number of the polar aprotic solvents. The dissolution of cellulose in the binary solvent was proposed to involve three processes, namely solvent diffusion, solvation of TBAA as well as disruption of the intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of cellulose.