bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining neutrino masses in the Barrow holographic dark energy model with Granda–Oliveros IR cutoff
Authors: Mahmoudifard Mojtaba , Salehi Amin , Sepahvand Reza
Published: October 2024

The holographic dark energy (HDE) model resides in quantum gravity in connection with the entropy, which requires an appropriate IR-cutoff to support the accelerating universe. Of these, the BHDE is corresponding to the quantum-corrected Barrow entropy $$S_{B}\propto A^{1+\Delta /2}$$

S
B

∝

A

1
+
Δ
/
2

for which the Granda–Oliveros (GO) IR-cutoff $$L_{IR}=(\alpha H^2 + \beta \dot{H})^{-\frac{1}{2}}$$

L

IR

=

(
α

H
2

+
β

H
˙

)

-

1
2

avoids the causality problem of the typically used future event-horizon. As the cosmological evolution of the model has recently been studied, we include the relic-neutrinos to constraint the well-motivated model’s parameters ($$\alpha , \beta , \Delta $$

α
,
β
,
Δ

) along with the total mass of neutrinos $$\sum m_{\nu }$$

∑

m
ν

and the effective number of their species $$N_{eff}$$

N

eff

using a variety of the latest observational data. Utilizing the basic observations from 2018 Planck CMB-data, BAO-data, Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae (SNIa), H(z) measurements of cosmic chronometers (CC) and various combinations of them, we find $$\sum m_{\nu } < 0.119$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.119

eV (95 % CL) for CMB + ALL combination, aligning with $$\sum m_{\nu } < 0.12$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.12

eV, (95% CL) of 2018 Planck release plus BAO data. The value of $$N_{eff}=2.98^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$$

N

eff

=
2
.

98

-
0.25

+
0.25

(68% CL) is also determined which is consistent with BAO+Planck’s $$N_{eff}=2.99^{+0.17}_{-0.17}$$

N

eff

=
2
.

99

-
0.17

+
0.17

(68% CL). The AIC analysis shows that the model (especially its $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

case) is (mildly) favored over the concordance $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM for that complete combination. Furthermore, the Barrow–Granda–Oliveros parameters are found in using the above datasets, as they get $$\alpha =0.98^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$$

α
=
0
.

98

-
0.06

+
0.06

, $$\beta =0.597^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$$

β
=
0
.

597

-
0.08

+
0.07

and $$\Delta =0.0054^{+0.0076}_{-0.0076}$$

Δ
=
0
.

0054

-
0.0076

+
0.0076

for CMB + ALL combination, where are in agreement with previous studies. The use of these best-fitting values in plotting the deceleration parameter q(z) shows that the universe undergoes a deceleration-acceleration transition at $$z_{tr}=0.63$$

z

tr

=
0.63

, by entering the current phase of dark-energy domination with $$q_0=-\,0.573$$

q
0

=
-

0.573

.
An Efficient FPGA-Based Welch Power Spectral Density for Real-Time Applications
Authors: Nair Suma , James Britto Pari
Published: October 2024

Power spectral density is a crucial tool in the field of signal processing, mainly in biomedical signal processing. Power spectral density is also one of the most widely used tools in real-time applications. Therefore, further research should be prioritized in the hardware implementation of power spectral density. In this paper, two techniques are introduced in the implementation of power spectral density, mainly focusing on the Fourier transform block. The approaches introduced are the adoption of the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer algorithm-based fast Fourier transform and the Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer algorithm-based sliding discrete Fourier transform. The other blocks in modified Welch’s architecture are also enhanced using pipelining and approximate distributed arithmetic methods. The introduction of all these techniques has led to an improvement in power and area. There is almost a 36% decrease in the number of lookup tables when compared to the existing methodology. With regards to power, there is almost 44% and 16% decrease in these two architectures, respectively. The overall architectures were synthesized using Xilinx Vivado 19.1, and the language used was Verilog Hardware Description Language.
Extradimensional world in modified symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Moreira A. R. P. , Dong Shi-Hai
Published: October 2024

In this research, we delve into the localization patterns of fermionic fields within a braneworld setting, employing a modified gravity model denoted as [Formula: see text]. Our investigation revolves around two specific models, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where we systematically vary the parameters n and [Formula: see text]. Through an in-depth analysis encompassing the effective potential, massless, and massive modes, we elucidate how deviations from the conventional Symmetric Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (STEGR) gravity impact the localization of fermionic fields. To ensure greater precision, our methodology integrates probabilistic measures such as Shannon entropy and relative probability. Moreover, we gauge the stability of these models employing Differential Configurational Entropy (DCE), revealing a compelling correlation between the most stable configurations and the emergence of novel structures within the background scalar field. This work significantly contributes to our understanding of the gravitational modifications’ intricate influence on fermionic field localization within braneworld scenarios. By shedding light on these dynamics, it advances the broader comprehension of the interplay between gravity modifications and fermionic field behaviors in these theoretical frameworks.
ACCELERATED DISCOVERIES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BORON NITRIDE NANOSHEETS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: KUMARI NISHA , SARANGI SAROJ KUMAR
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the mechanical properties of Boron Nitride Nanosheets (BNNS) by integrating molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with machine learning (ML) techniques. The work highlights the impact of various factors, including dimension, temperature, strain rate and chirality orientation and their influence on mechanical properties like fracture stress, fracture strain, ultimate tensile strength, and Young’s modulus within the context of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The novel combination of MD simulations and ML models  — specifically decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, and polynomial regressions demonstrates that temperature significantly impacts the Young’s modulus, and strain rate estimates true agreement with theoretical expectations. These results highlight machine learning potential to advance material property predictions providing a new methodology for interpreting mechanical properties at the nanoscale and paving the way for innovative applications in NEMS.
A vector space basis of the quantum symplectic sphere
Authors: Zegers Sophie Emma
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a candidate of a vector space basis for the noncommutative algebra [Formula: see text] of the quantum symplectic sphere for every [Formula: see text]. The algebra [Formula: see text] is defined as a certain subalgebra of the quantum symplectic group [Formula: see text]. A nontrivial application of the Diamond Lemma is used to construct the vector space basis and the conjecture is supported by computer experiments for [Formula: see text].
A note on Jacquet modules of general linear groups
Authors: Dagar Prem , Verma Mahendra Kumar
Published: October 2024

Let F be a non-Archimedean local field. Consider [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a maximal Levi subgroup of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we compute the semi simplified Jacquet module of representations of [Formula: see text] with respect to the maximal Levi subgroup M, belonging to a particular category of representations. Utilizing our results, we prove that the Jacquet module is multiplicity-free for a specific subcategory of representations. Our findings are based on the Zelevinsky classification.
From ancient Egyptian fractions to modern algebra
Authors: Guerrieri Lorenzo , Loper Alan , Oman Greg
Published: October 2024

An Egyptian fraction is a finite sum of distinct rational numbers of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a nonzero integer. It is well known that every rational number can be expressed as an Egyptian fraction. The purpose of this paper is to explore natural analogs of this concept for commutative integral domains.
Ultra-Broadband and Large Angle Metamaterial Absorber Based on 3D Anisotropic Resistive Structure and Magnetic Material
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Jiang Jinming , Liang Jiangang , Meng Yueyu , Wang Aixia , Xu Cuilian , Yan Mingbao
Published: October 2024

Ultra-broadband and large angle metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on three dimensional anisotropic resistive film structure and magnetic material was proposed. The designed MMA consists of four layers, the top layer is resistive film structure, the second layer is tri-dimensional cross-resistive film metamaterial structure, the third layer is conditional magnetic material, and the bottom is metal ground plane. Owing to the three-dimensional anisotropic metamaterial structure, the designed absorber can realize ultra-broadband and large angle absorption. Simulation result shows that the absorption rate is more than 90% in the frequency range of 1.3–30[Formula: see text]GHz with TM polarized wave with incident angle 82∘, and simultaneous realizing the large angle absorption about 70% as the incident angle changes from 60∘ to 87∘. In order to analyze the mechanism of the ultra-broadband and larger angle absorption, we also simulated the results without the top layer or the magnetic material absorbers to search the cause of ultra-broadband and larger angle absorption. In succession, surface current distributions and power loss density on different structural layers of absorber at different frequencies are analyzed. The absorption spectrums under different polarization angles also have the same absorption effect due to the four-fold rotationally symmetric unit structure. We believe that the absorber will may have many potential applications in some field.
An Unmanned Traffic Command System for Controlled Waterway in Inland River: An Edge-centric IoT Approach
Authors: Li Zechen , Liu Tong , Li Su , You Lang , Liang Shan , Wang Dejun
Published: October 2024

The controlled waterway in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has become a bottleneck for shipping due to its curved, narrow and turbulent characteristics. Consequently, the competent authorities must establish controlled one-way waterways and signal stations to ensure traffic safety. These signal stations are often located in remote and uninhabited mountainous areas, causing great difficulties in the living and working conditions for the staff. Therefore, the trend has emerged toward unmanned and remote traffic command at signal stations. The vessels passing through it must obey the signal revealed by the Intelligent Vessel Traffic Signaling System (IVTSS) to pass in one direction. The accuracy of signals is directly related to traffic safety and efficiency. However, the unreliability of vessel sensing sensors in these areas and the latency of transmission and computation of large amounts of sensing data may negatively impact IVTSS. Hence, more information from the physical world is needed to ensure the stable operation of IVTSS, and we proposed an edge-computing-centric sensing and execution system based on IoT architecture to enhance the reliability of IVTSS. We conducted experiments using plug-and-play methods, reducing the command and recording error rates by 89.47% and 86.27%, respectively, achieving the goal of real-time perception control.
A Particle Swarm Optimizer with Biased Exploration and Exploitation for High-Dimensional Optimization and Feature Selection
Authors: Chen Minchong , Li Hong , Tu Jiwei , He Bin , Yin Zhen , Hou Xuejing , Yu Qi
Published: October 2024

Autonomous intelligent systems have been widely implemented in a broad range of applications. These applications often involve data-dense tasks where an efficient feature selection process is required to eliminate redundant features and improve model performance. However, the feature selection tasks with high dimensionality still remain challenging to deal with. In order to address high-dimensional feature selection problems with greater effectiveness and efficiency, this paper proposes a particle swarm optimizer variant named PSO-BEE that allows the swarm to take full advantage of exploration and exploitation at due evolutionary stages. At the early stage, a large size of candidate exemplar group is formed for diversity enhancement, attempting to find as many new combinations of features as possible. At the later stage, a tiny size of candidate exemplar group is constructed, allowing updated particles to learn from the few best elite exemplars to continuously refine feature selection solutions with a lower classification error rate. Three PSO-BEE variants with distinct preferences for exploration and exploitation are proposed based on different parameter adjustment strategies. Experiments are executed on 500, 1000, and 2000-dimensional benchmark suites presented by CEC and real-world feature selection datasets from the Machine Learning Repository. Experimental results demonstrate the competitive performance of PSO-BEE in high-dimensional global optimization and feature selection when compared with several state-of-the-art approaches.
Reevaluating Google’s Reinforcement Learning for IC Macro Placement
Authors: Markov Igor L.
Published: October 2024

Meta-analysis discusses the reproduction and evaluation of results in a 2021 paper about using RL to design silicon chips, as well as the validity of methods, results, and claims.
Endothelial β1-integrins are necessary for microvascular function and glucose uptake
Authors: Winn Nathan C. , Roby Deborah A. , McClatchey P. Mason , Williams Ian M. , Bracy Deanna P. , Bedenbaugh Michelle N. , Lantier Louise , Plosa Erin J. , Pozzi Ambra , Zent Roy , Wasserman David H.
Published: October 2024

The microvasculature is an important site of resistance to muscle glucose uptake. We show that microvasculature integrins determine the exchange of glucose between the circulation and muscle. Specifically, a 30% reduction in the expression of endothelial integrin β1 subunit is sufficient to cause microcirculatory dysfunction and lead to insulin resistance. This emphasizes the importance of endothelial integrins in microcirculatory function and the importance of microcirculatory function for the ability of muscle to consume glucose.
Arginine vasopressin induces analgesic effects and inhibits pyramidal cells in the anterior cingulate cortex in spared nerve injured mice
Authors: Si Hua-Xing , Liu Xiao-Die , Sun Chao-Yi , Yang Shan-Ming , Zhao Han , Yan Xian-Xia , Chen Tao , Wang Pan
Published: October 2024

Following intranasal administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP), the pain thresholds for mechanical and thermal nociception significantly increased in the spared nerve injury (SNI) group; exogenous intranasal delivery of AVP improved the physical coordination of SNI mice, resulting in an analgesic effect; AVP treatment significantly reduced the increased firing rate of PYRACC of the SNI group; AVP treatment significantly inhibited the elevated theta oscillation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in SNI mice.
Pediatric Respiratory Pathogens Circulate in Children and Adults in Communities Near Susceptible Wild Great Ape Populations in Uganda
Authors: Tusiime Patrick , Weary Taylor , Pappas Tressa , Tuhaise Shamilah , Akankwasa John Walter , Sempebwa Daniel , Otali Emily , Asiimwe Caroline , McLennan Matthew R. , Kalema-Zikusoka Gladys , Ross Elizabeth , Gern James , Goldberg Tony
Published: October 2024

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of death in developing countries. Infants and young children are especially susceptible to disease because they lack immunity, whereas adults who have acquired immunity can be infected asymptomatically. Great ape species, all of which are endangered, are similarly susceptible to respiratory illnesses caused by human respiratory pathogens. We obtained 432 nasopharyngeal swab samples (127 from adults and 305 from children) in a cross‐sectional study that took place between February and October 2022 at four sites in Western Uganda (Budongo Central Forest Reserve, Bulindi Town Council, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, and Kibale National Park) where the participants live in communities where interaction with apes is frequent. Prior research at Kibale has shown that locally circulating human respiratory pathogens have led to multiple lethal outbreaks in wild eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We used a multiplex PCR panel to characterize respiratory pathogens, with the goal of assessing whether respiratory illnesses in the chimpanzees of Budongo and Bulindi and the mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) of Bwindi might have originated in local children and been introduced to the apes via asymptomatic adult carriers. The prevalence of respiratory pathogens was twice as high in Bwindi (44.0%) as it was in Budongo (24.0%) and Bulindi (20.8%), while the prevalence was intermediate at Kibale (34.4%). Rates of respiratory pathogen detection were higher but statistically indistinguishable in children compared to adults at Budongo and Bulindi, and children were 15.0 times more likely than adults to have positive detections at Kibale. At Bwindi, however, the pattern was reversed, with adults 2.6 times more likely than children to have positive detections. Rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus 3, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus OC43, all of which have been identified as causative agents of respiratory disease outbreaks in great ape populations across sub‐Saharan Africa, accounted for three quarters (73.6%) of detected pathogens. Our data support the idea that human respiratory pathogens that can infect great apes occur at high frequencies in human populations in Western Uganda that live close to and interact with wild apes that have suffered from lethal outbreaks caused by these same pathogens. Reducing respiratory infections in local children, thereby reducing both carriage of those infections into the forest by people and ape exposure to these pathogens when they enter human spaces, should decrease the risk of respiratory disease outbreaks in apes.
Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Scholarly Publishing Scale (NAS Scale): A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Cruz Jonas Preposi , Almazan Joseph U. , Colet Paolo C. , Milan Jovencio M. , Jabonete Fritz Gerald V. , Balay-Odao Ejercito Mangawa
Published: October 2024

The existing research studies on tool development are concentrated on determining and assessing the perception of individuals in scientific research. These instruments do not measure the complex construct of nurses’ attitudes toward scientific publications, which includes the nurses’ perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors regarding the value, accessibility, usability, and impact of scholarly publications. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale specifically measuring Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Scholarly Publishing (NAS). This methodological study developed and psychometrically tested the NAS Scale (NAS Scale) through rigorous literature review and interviews with nurses. Content validity and exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 334) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 305) were performed. Hypothesis testing was also used to support the scale’s construct validity. Internal consistency was computed to support the scale’s reliability. The data were collected among nurses in the Philippines from February to March 2024. The EFA revealed a 12‐item NAS Scale with three factors: “NAS Challenges” (NAS Challenges), “NAS Benefits and Values” (NAS Benefits and Values), and “NAS Support and Mentorship” (NAS Support and Mentorship). The CFA supported this three‐factor solution: x2/df = 2.96, RMSEA = 0.08 (90% CI = 0.06–0.09), SRMR = 0.057, NFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.96, and CFI = 0.97. The hypothesis testing also supported the construct validity of the scale. The computed Cronbach’s alpha for the entire scale was 0.79, with subscale’s Cronbach alpha ranging from 0.91 to 0.95. Thus, the NAS Scale has sound psychometric properties in measuring the NAS.
Study on the Surface Subsidence Trend of Fill Mining in Underground Mines With Different Mining Depths
Authors: Qiu Xianyang , He Xiangrui , Cao Rihong , Qiu Hongjie , Shi Xiuzhi , Gou Yonggang , Li Xiaoyuan , Zhi Wei
Published: October 2024

The extraction of underground mineral deposits can cause surface subsidence, which will bring danger to surface buildings or structures. In this paper, the Panlong lead–zinc mine in Guangxi, China, was taken as an example to analyze the correlation between underground mining‐induced surface subsidence trends, and the depth of extraction. Based on the stochastic probability integral method, the surface subsidence trend at various different mining depths was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of mining depth, the surface subsidence presents an obvious increasing trend, but the rate gradually decreases. The maximum surface subsidence is closely related to the mining depth and is less notably affected by the mining size. The maximum surface subsidence along the dip direction is basically the same as that along the strike direction for the same mining depth of the same ore body. In addition, numerical simulation by FLAC3D was conducted to analyze the evolution trend of surface subsidence at different mining depths. The subsidence cloud map demonstrated a significant expansion of the subsidence area until a depth of 680 m. With the further increase of mining depth, the subsidence area did not substantially increased, while the maximum subsidence at the center of the subsidence zone was increasing. Finally, the maximum subsidence at the center of the subsidence zone was measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) monitoring instruments. The observed data showed that subsidence trend along the direction of the mineral body was basically consistent with the theoretical and numerical simulation results above. This verifies the reliability and accuracy of the above research methods for analyzing surface settlement trend.
Fuzzy Adaptive PID Algorithm in Temperature Control System of Lead Patenting Furnace
Authors: Huang Junmei , Huang Feiyu , Liang Jintao , Chen Jianxin , Li Pengtao
Published: October 2024

In order to enhance the accuracy of temperature control of the patenting furnace, a new temperature control system (TCS) based on the fuzzy adaptive (FA)–proportion integral differential (PID) control algorithm is proposed. The system takes temperature error value and error rate as input and automatically adjusts the PID control parameter value according to the signal of the furnace temperatures to realize adaptive adjustment. Based on the parameter of the FA from simulations, the results of online application showed the temperature fluctuation reduced from 14 to 4°C in Zone I, and it decreased from 15 to 5°C in Zone II. Thus, the accuracy control of operational ability of the TCS was improved obviously. Following practical application, the microstructure analysis of the steel wire postpatenting demonstrated the creation of a more consistently distributed sorbite with enhanced properties by leveraging the new FA‐PID system.
Analysis and Identification of Methylation‐Modifying Genes Associated with Hypoxia and Immunity in Keloids
Authors: Wang Chun-Hu , Li Zi-Rong , Wang Meng , Li Jie , Li Xin , Yang Xiao-Ning , Wang You-Bin , Ma Ji-Guang
Published: October 2024

Background. Keloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors that are unique to humans. However, the exact mechanism of keloid formation remains unclear. The inflammatory cytokines released by immune cells can activate fibroblasts, connective tissue cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Hypoxia is common in the process of fibrosis in many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between immune response, hypoxia, and keloid formation. Methods. Gene methylation and expression data were downloaded from the GEO database. Thereafter, differentially methylated genes associated with immunity and hypoxia were identified. Machine learning was performed to identify potential diagnostic/immunity/hypoxia‐related differentially methylated/expressed genes, followed by analysis of functional enrichment, transcription factors, protein‐protein interactions, and expression validation by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results. In total, 16 immunity/hypoxia‐related hypermethylated low‐expression genes and 18 immunity/hypoxia‐related hypomethylated high‐expression genes were identified in keloids. Based on machine learning, nine differentially methylated and expressed genes were selected as potential diagnostic markers for keloids, including two hypoxia‐related genes (CDKN1A and PGAM2) and seven immunity‐related genes (DCD, PTGDS, WFIKKN1, SEMA5A, IL1R1, ITGAL, and SOS1). Some significantly enriched signaling pathways were identified, including the FoxO, PI3K‐Akt, focal adhesion, and ErbB signaling pathways. SOS1 is involved in disease regulation with 65 transcription factors and has a higher interaction score with other molecules. Conclusions. Two hypoxia‐related genes (CDKN1A and PGAM2) and seven immunity‐related genes (DCD, PTGDS, WFIKKN1, SEMA5A, IL1R1, ITGAL, and SOS1) could be considered potential diagnostic markers for keloids, and may be helpful in understanding the importance of oxygen balance and immune regulation in keloids.
Experimental Study on Fatigue Performance of Composite Box Girder With Steel Bottom Plate and Corrugated Steel Webs
Authors: Wang Shijin , Wang Genhui , Fan Jiang , Zhang Zichen
Published: October 2024

In order to study the fatigue performance and fatigue failure mode of the composite box girder with steel bottom plate and corrugated webs (SBCSWs), the model beam was made and the constant and variable amplitude fatigue experiment were performed. Combined with ABAQUS finite element software, the strain, deflection, and fatigue failure mode of the composite box girder with SBCSWs were analyzed. The results showed that the slope of the load–deflection curve, the slope of the load–strain curve, and the neutral axis height of the model beam did not change during the constant amplitude fatigue test. In the variable amplitude fatigue test, as the fatigue loading time and fatigue load amplitude increased, the slope of the load–deflection curve and the slope of the load–strain curve of the model beam decreased significantly, while the neutral axis height increased significantly. The section strain of the composite box girder with SBCSWs was consistent with the quasi‐plane section assumption. The fatigue failure of the composite box girder with SBCSWs began at the stress concentration at the junction of the steel bottom plate and the corrugated webs. The fatigue fracture section has typical fatigue fracture characteristics.
Overexpression of TRPV6 Inhibits Coronary Atherosclerosis–Related Inflammatory Response and Cell Apoptosis via the PKA/UCP2 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhang Huiying , Li Xuewen
Published: October 2024

Objective: This research is aimed at unravelling the intricate relationship between transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), protein kinase A (PKA), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and atherosclerosis. By shedding light on the role of the TRPV6/PKA/UCP2 pathway in inhibiting inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in coronary atherosclerotic plaques, this study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: We established animal and cell models of atherosclerosis. The expression of TRPV6 was measured using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Cytokine levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability and apoptosis ratio were measured using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and flow cytometry. The binding relationship between TRPV6 and PKA was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP). Finally, the expression of the TRPV6/PKA/UCP2 signaling pathway and apoptosis‐related factors was detected using western blot (WB) and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).

Results: TRPV6 was significantly decreased in atherosclerosis mouse and cell model. CHIP and CoIP assays indicated that TRPV6 binds to PKA and positively regulated its expression in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)–treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overexpression of TRPV6 significantly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, whereas silencing TRPV6 had the opposite effect. Additionally, the overexpression of TRPV6 remarkably declined the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β). However, after silencing PKA, this effect was partially reversed, the cell viability and inflammatory response remarkably enhanced, and apoptosis significantly declined in oe‐TRPV6 + si‐PKA group.

Conclusions: In summary, our study demonstrated that TRPV6 inhibited apoptosis and inflammatory response in the atherosclerosis cell model through the regulation of the PKA/UCP2 pathway.
Investigating the Impact of Organizational Justice on the Relationship Between Organizational Learning and Organizational Silence in Clinical Nurses: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Nemati-Vakilabad Reza , Mostafazadeh Pouya , Mirzaei Alireza
Published: October 2024

Background: When nurses feel that the learning processes in their organization are fair and just, they are more likely to feel confident about sharing their knowledge, expressing their concerns, and contributing to the learning process. Conversely, suppose employees perceive a lack of organizational justice. In that case, they may be less likely to speak up and share their valuable input due to concerns about unfair treatment or possible negative consequences.

Objective: Nurses’ silence and organizational learning may have a connection yet to be thoroughly investigated. We are exploring whether organizational justice mediates this relationship by improving nurses’ perception of it and reducing silence among them.

Methods: A study was conducted in Ardabil, Iran, to analyze the correlation between organizational learning, organizational justice, and organizational silence among 319 healthcare professionals from five hospitals. The study utilized three assessment tools: the organizational learning questionnaire, the organizational justice scale, and the organizational silence scale. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and a structural equation model (SEM) was developed using the bootstrap method in AMOS 24.0 to test the proposed model.

Results: Our study found a strong positive relationship between organizational learning and organizational justice and a significant negative correlation between organizational learning and silence. Also, there was a significant negative relationship between organizational justice and silence. SEM showed that organizational learning indirectly affects organizational silence through organizational justice as a mediator, explaining 72.3% of all variance in organizational silence.

Conclusion: Our findings indicated that organizational learning is positively associated with justice but negatively associated with silence. When nurses experience organizational justice, they are less likely to remain silent. Encouraging nurses to share their opinions and concerns reduces silence and improves working conditions, morale, and patient care. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay between organizational learning, justice, and silence in nursing settings.
Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Serological Biomarkers
Authors: Shi Mingzhi , Liu Yingying , Gong Qiuyue , Xu Xianrong
Published: October 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which is a primary cause of neurological disability in young and middle‐aged individuals in economically developed nations. Although MS is more prevalent and of ever‐increasing incidence in developed countries, patients with MS in developing nations confront unique challenges marked by significant economic and social burdens due to their limited access to the advanced diagnostic and treatment resources that are available in developed regions. Timely diagnosis is paramount for effective intervention in MS cases. Regrettably, there is limited availability of neuroimaging evaluations in low‐ and middle‐income nations, prompting the need to obtain alternative diagnostic approaches. In this article, we provide an overview of the worldwide epidemiology of MS, delving into associated risk factors, and examining serological biomarkers as alternatives to imaging. It is, therefore, imperative that strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of MS are implemented in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This will lead to improved prognoses and quality of life, with a particular focus on enhancing outcomes.
Extracellular Traps in Patients Diagnosed With Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, Candidiasis, Noninfectious Vaginitis and Cytolytic Vaginosis
Authors: Ramírez-Ledesma María G. , Bermudes-Valencia Berenice , Balderas-Parada Rosa M. , Salazar-Ramírez Susana G. , Reyes-Cortés Ruth , Magos-Vázquez Francisco J. , Torres-Hernández José J. , Avila Eva E.
Published: October 2024

Vaginal infections are a public health problem associated with serious health complications due to the exacerbated inflammation they generate. Vaginal inflammation may also occur in some noninfectious processes, such as noninfectious vaginitis and cytolytic vaginosis. Immune system cells respond to infections through various mechanisms, such as the formation of extracellular traps (ETs), which are DNA networks associated with effector proteins. Many pathogens induce ETs formation in vitro, as occurs in some natural infections. A recent report indicates that human vaginal infections in vivo generate ETs. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify ETs in samples from 40 donors who were diagnosed with infectious (i.e., bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis) and noninfectious (i.e., noninfectious vaginitis and cytolytic vaginosis) vaginal inflammation. We were able to observe ETs by identifying the LL‐37 peptide, which is associated with DNA networks. In seven vaginal swabs from the control group (formed by 19 donors without vaginal infection symptoms), we detected at least one pathogen per sample and observed ETs; thus, these donors were considered asymptomatic. The remaining 12 donors were confirmed to be healthy, as their exudates did not present any tested pathogens, sign of inflammation or ETs. ETs in vaginal inflammatory processes can worsen inflammation but may also help control infection.
The Effect of High Levels Carbohydrate on Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolites, and Health of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Xiong Jinrui , Yang Liping , Wang Luming , Zhi Shaoyang , Zhao Mengjuan , Xu Chunchu , Qu Leya , Guo Xiaorui , Yan Xiao , Qin Chaobin , Nie Guoxing
Published: October 2024

Long‐term consumption of high‐carbohydrate feed may adversely affect intestinal health of fish; however, the underlying roles remain ambiguous. This study examined the effects of varying carbohydrate levels on the intestinal flora of common carp and assessed how microbial metabolites influence intestinal health. Two hundred seventy common carps were chosen and distributed randomly into three groups that fed diets containing starch at levels of 15% (low‐carbohydrate diet [LCD]), 28% (medium‐carbohydrate diet [MCD]), and 45% (high‐carbohydrate diet [HCD]) for 60 days. A significant increase in final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate within the MCD group, while feed conversion ratio exhibited a decrease in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). Feeding with a HCD led to decreased activity of catalase and increased malondialdehyde content, which was consistent with reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis results (p < 0.05). Specifically, the RT‐qPCR results revealed that HCD treatment significantly upregulated il1β, il6, and il8 transcript levels. Whereas, the il10 messenger RNA (mRNA) was markedly reduced in comparison to the LCD group. Furthermore, the HCD group exhibited an increased abundance of Proteobacteria, accompanied by a reduction in Fusobacteria abundance, and also revealed an upsurge in opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Aeromonas and Shewanella. The correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations of anti‐inflammatory active substances such as fucoxanthin, (S)‐reticuline, hecogenin, and uridine with Aeromonas, but positive correlations with Luteolibacter. In summary, dietary carbohydrates might mediate intestinal flora to regulate their metabolites and affect intestinal inflammatory response.
ETx-22, a Novel Nectin-4–Directed Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Safety and Potent Antitumor Activity in Low-Nectin-4–Expressing Tumors
Authors: Lopez Marc , Crompot Emerence , Josselin Emmanuelle , Farina Anne , Rubis Marion , Castellano Remy , Fares Joanna , Wehbe Maria , Collette Yves , Charafe Emmanuelle , Blanchin Stéphanie , Romagne François , Pálfi Anikó , Hechler Torsten , Pahl Andreas , Azim Hatem A. , Lhospice Florence , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François , Elands Jack , Préville Xavier , Olive Daniel
Published: October 2024

Nectin-4 is a cell adhesion molecule expressed at various levels in many solid tumors, including urothelial cancer. As a means to reduce on-target skin toxicity observed with enfortumab vedotin (EV), an anti–nectin-4–monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) approved for patients with advanced urothelial cancer, 15A7.5, an anti–nectin-4 mAb that exhibited differential nectin-4–binding between tumors and primary keratinocytes, was selected for the development of ETx-22. Exatecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, was chosen as payload. ETx-22 ADC induced rapid and long-lasting tumor regression in various patient-derived xenograft models expressing low to high levels of nectin-4 and also in a monomethyl auristatin E–resistant xenograft model. ETx-22 has a highest nonseverely toxic dose of more than 20 mg/kg in nonhuman primates (NHP) without signs of significant skin toxicity. ETx-22 represents a valuable therapy for the treatment of patients with nectin-4–expressing tumors, including those that are resistant to EV treatment.

Significance:

ETx-22, a novel ADC combining a tumor nectin-4–specific antibody and an innovative linker to exatecan, demonstrates significant and durable responses in low-target–expressing tumor models that are resistant to MMAE-based EV and has a better toxicity profile. This new ADC has the potential to benefit additional patient populations beyond its current indication.
PINK1-Mediated Mitochondrial Activity Confers Olaparib Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Schaaf Zachary A. , Ning Shu , Leslie Amy R. , Sharifi Masuda , Gao Richard Y. , Maine James P. , Lou Wei , Lombard Alan P. , Liu Chengfei , Yu Ai-Ming , Mitsiades Nicholas , Gao Allen C.
Published: October 2024

Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is a targeted therapy used in treating various cancers, including castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite its efficacy, resistance to olaparib remains a significant challenge. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning this resistance is crucial for developing more effective treatment strategies. This study focuses on elucidating the role of mitochondrial alterations and the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) gene in conferring olaparib resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. We investigated the transcriptomic and functional differences in mitochondrial activity between olaparib-resistant (2B-OlapR, LN-OlapR) and treatment-naïve prostate cancer cells (C4-2B, LNCaP) in both castration-sensitive and -resistant settings. Through RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis, we identified significant enrichment of mitochondrial activity– and oxidative phosphorylation–related gene sets in olaparib-resistant derived cell lines. Resistant lines exhibited enhanced mitochondrial functionality, including increased basal and maximal respiration rates, as well as elevated ATP production and spare respiratory capacity, compared with parental cells. Subsequent investigations revealed a substantial increase in mitochondrial mass and electron transport chain complex I activity in olaparib-resistant cells. Furthermore, overexpression of the PINK1 gene was observed in resistant cells, which was correlated with resistance to olaparib and poor clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer. Inhibition of PINK1 expression significantly reduced mitochondrial function and mass, impaired cell growth, and decreased resistance to olaparib. These findings suggest that PINK1 plays a crucial role in modulating mitochondrial dynamics that confer therapeutic resistance, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for overcoming olaparib resistance in prostate cancer.

Significance:

Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is effective against various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, resistance to olaparib poses a significant challenge. This study uncovers that mitochondrial alterations and PINK1 gene overexpression contribute to this resistance in prostate cancer cells. Enhanced mitochondrial functionality and increased PINK1 expression in olaparib-resistant cells underscore the importance of targeting mitochondrial dynamics and PINK1 to develop more effective treatments for overcoming olaparib resistance in prostate cancer.
Efficacy of a Standalone Smartphone Application to Treat Postnatal Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zuccolo Pedro F. , Brunoni André R. , Borja Tatiane , Matijasevich Alicia , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Fatori Daniel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Smartphone app interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are promising scalable alternatives for treating mental disorders, but the evidence of their efficacy for postpartum depression is limited. We assessed the efficacy of Motherly, a standalone CBT-based smartphone app, in reducing symptoms of postpartum depression. Methods: Women aged 18–40 with symptoms of postpartum depression were randomized either to intervention (Motherly app) or active control (COMVC app). The primary outcome was symptoms of depression measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at post-treatment. Secondary outcomes were anxiety symptoms, parental stress, quality of sleep, behavioral activation, availability of response-contingent positive reinforcement, and clinical improvement at post-treatment and 1-month follow-up. Exploratory analyses were performed to investigate if app engagement was associated with treatment response. Results: From November 2021 to August 2022, 1,751 women volunteered, of which 264 were randomized, and 215 provided primary outcome data. No statistically significant differences were found between groups at post-treatment: intervention: mean (SD): 12.75 (5.52); active control: 13.28 (5.32); p = 0.604. There was a statistically significant effect of the intervention on some of the secondary outcomes. Exploratory analyses suggest a dose-response relationship between Motherly app engagement and outcomes. Conclusion: Our standalone app intervention did not significantly reduce postnatal depression symptoms when compared to active control. Exploratory findings suggest that negative findings might be associated with insufficient app engagement. Consistent with current literature, our findings suggest that standalone app interventions for postpartum depression are not ready to be implemented in clinical practice.
Electro-capacitive cancer therapy using wearable electric field detector: a review
Authors: Sutikno Tole , Fadlil Fadlil , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Taruno Warsito P , Handayani Lina
Published: October 2024

Electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT), a less invasive and more targeted approach using wearable electric field detectors, is revolutionizing cancer therapy, a complex process involving traditional methods like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The review aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of electric field exposure in vital organs, particularly in cancer therapy, to improve medical advancements. It will investigate the impact on cytokines and insulation integrity, as well as contribute to improving diagnostic techniques and safety measures in medical and engineering fields. Wearable electric field detectors have revolutionized cancer therapy by offering a non-invasive and personalized approach to treatment. These devices, such as smart caps or patches, measure changes in electric fields by detecting capacitance alterations. Their lightweight, comfortable, and easy to-wear nature allows for real-time monitoring, providing valuable data for personalized treatment plans. The portability of wearable detectors allows for long-term surveillance outside clinical settings, increasing therapy efficacy. The ability to collect data over extended periods provides a comprehensive view of electric field dynamics, aiding researchers in understanding tumor growth and progression. Technology advancements in electro-capacitive therapy, including wearable devices, have revolutionized cancer treatment by adjusting electric field intensity in real-time, enhancing personalized medicine, and improving treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.
Salt-Responsive Gut Microbiota Induces Sex-Specific Blood Pressure Changes
Authors: Bardhan Pritam , Mei Xue , Lai Ngoc Khanh , Mell Blair , Tummala Ramakumar , Aryal Sachin , Manandhar Ishan , Hwang Hyeongu , Jhuma Tania Akter , Atluri Rohit Reddy , Kyoung Jun , Li Ying , Joe Bina , Li Hong-Bao , Yang Tao
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Tryptophan metabolism is important in blood pressure regulation. The tryptophan-indole pathway is exclusively mediated by the gut microbiota. ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) participates in tryptophan absorption, and a lack of ACE2 leads to changes in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a regulator of blood pressure. Furthermore, there is ample evidence for sex differences in the gut microbiota. However, it is unclear whether such sex differences impact blood pressure differentially through the tryptophan-indole pathway.

METHODS:

To study the sex-specific mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan-indole pathway in hypertension, we generated a novel rat model with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats–associated protein 9)–targeted deletion of
Ace2
in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Cecal microbiota transfers from donors of both sexes to female S recipients were performed. Also, Dahl salt-sensitive rats of both sexes were orally gavaged with indole to investigate blood pressure response.

RESULTS:

The female gut microbiota and its tryptophan-indole pathway exhibited greater buffering capacity when exposed to tryptophan, due to
Ace2
deficiency, and salt. In contrast, the male gut microbiota and its tryptophan-indole pathway were more vulnerable. Female rats with male cecal microbiota responded to salt with a higher blood pressure increase compared with those with female cecal microbiota. Indole, a tryptophan-derived metabolite produced by gut bacteria, increased blood pressure in male but not in female rats. Moreover, salt altered host-mediated tryptophan metabolism, characterized by reduced serum serotonin of both sexes and higher levels of kynurenine derivatives in the females.

CONCLUSIONS:

We uncovered a novel sex-specific mechanism in the gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan-indole pathway in blood pressure regulation. Salt tipped the tryptophan metabolism between the host and gut microbiota in a sex-dependent manner. Our study provides evidence for a novel concept that gut microbiota and its metabolism play sex-specific roles in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.