bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUKASI PENGENALAN, PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGELOLAAN DIABETES MELLITUS BERBASIS MASYARAKAT
Authors: Soewito Bambang , Susmini Sumini , Juartika Wella
Published: June 2024

Diabetes Mellitus masih menjadi penyakit terbanyak ke 2 setelah hipertensi. Pemerintah telah melakukan upaya dalam melakukan peningkatan pengetahuan dan tatalaksana, namun sampai saat ini penderita diabetes mellitus terjadi peningkatan. Pemberian edukasi secara kontinu merupakan salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kader kesehatan menyenai pengenalan, pencegahan dan pengelolaan diabetes mellitus berbasis masyarakat, dengan melibatkan 20 orang kader Posyandu di Wilayah Megang Kota Lubuklinggau. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi melalui media power point dan juga melakukan edukasi dengan media leflet. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil antara pre-test dan post-test dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah memenuhi uji validitas. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan  yang signikan setelah pemberian edukasi (pre test dan post test, p = <0,001, 95%).Tingkat pengetahuan yang sebelumnya masuk dalam ketegori “cukup” (82%) meningkat menjadi “Baik” (86,7%) setelah diberikan edukasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa edukasi dalam pengenalan diabetes ini sangat penting, serta dengan menggunakan media yang inovatif. Kami mengharapkan kegiatan yang dilakukan ini bisa menjadi program yang dapat berlanjut dimasa yang akan datang, sehingga para kader-kader bisa memahami pengenalan, pencegahan dan pengelolaan diabetes mellitus pada masyarakat di Megang Kota Lubuklinggau
IMPLEMENTASI MENYIKAT GIGI MENGGUNAKAN PASTA GIGI COCONUT BUTTER TERHADAP PENURUNAN DEBRIS INDEKS INDEKS KELAS 4 DAN 5 SDN GANDUL CINERE, DEPOK
Authors: Mardiati Erni , Noviani Nita , RE Pudentiana Rr , Nurilawati Vitri , Anggreni Eka , Nurbayani Siti
Published: June 2024

Pohon kelapa merupakan tanaman multiguna, seluruh bagian dari akar, hingga ke buah kelapa, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan sandang pangan. Kandungan yang dimiliki pada buah kelapa, terdapat kalori, air, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, kalsium, besi, vitamin A, B dan C serta bagian daging bisa dimakan. selain diolah menjadi minyak kelapa (coconut oil) juga mengandung banyak manfaat untuk kesehatan manusia, kelapa dapat diolah menjadi Coconut Butter yang di buat sebagai pasta gigi khususnya untuk anak-anak. Banyak anak usia sekolah dasar yang masih terdapat kondisi gigi yang kotor didalam rongga mulutnya hingga mencapai 67,3%. kebanyakan dari mereka menyikat gigi tidak menggunakan pasta gigi dikarenakan terasa pedas. Dengan menggunakan bahan dari coconut butter yang terasa manis dan gurih mereka akan lebih suka dan rajin menyikat gigi. Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat menganalisis Pengaruh pasta gigi coconut butter Sebagai Pengganti Pasta Gigi Terhadap Penurunan Debris Indeks pada Murid Kelas 4 dan 5 SDN 01 Gandul Cinere. Menggosok gigi secara bersama-sama menggunakan pasta coconut butter digunakan untuk mengukur nilai Debris Indeks pre dan post. Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat, Debris Indeks sebelum menggosok gigi menggunakan coconut butter sebagai pengganti pasta gigi didapatkan nilai rerata sebesar 1.8, sedangkan sesudah menggosok gigi diperoleh nilai rerata sebesar 0,4. Kesimpulan telah dilakukan kegiatan menggosok gigi bersama menggunakan pasta gigi coconut butter, sehingga terjadi penurunan skor Debris Indeks pada Murid.
PEMBERDAYAAN KADER MASYARAKAT MENCEGAH STUNTING UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN ANAK SEHAT DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Bariyah Dewi Khairun , Uliasari Aprilia , Sidabariba Nathalie Debora , Wilma Wilma , Pastuty Rosyati
Published: June 2024

Stunting merupakan bentuk kegagalan pertumbuhan (growth faltering) akibat akumulasi ketidakcukupan nutrisi yang berlangsung lama mulai dari kehamilan sampai usia 24 bulan. Kegiatan pengabdian pada kader dan masyarakat kali ini menggunakan metode Partnership antara pihak Poltekkes Kementerian Kesehatan Jurusan Kebidanan dengan Puskesmas Alang-Alang Lebar, Kota Palembang. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kader tentang stunting. Sebanyak 10 balita teridentifikasi penderita stunting di Puskesmas Alang-alang Lebar. Sebagian besar kader posyandu belum memahami tentang stunting, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat menggunakan metode penyuluhan dengan media video tentang ”stunting”. Setelah kegiatan penyuluhan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan kader tentang stunting. Diharapkan setelah pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini kader dapat menyampaikan informasi dan pengetahuan di setiap kegiatan yang melibatkan masyarakat sehingga dapat menurunkan angka stunting di wilayah Puskesmas Alang-alang Lebar.
PENCEGAHAN STUNTING MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN DAN EDUKASI KESEHATAN GIGI IBU HAMIL KELURAHAN JABUNGAN
Authors: Salikun Salikun , Sukendro Sulur Joyo , Qosim Nanang , Nuratni Ni Ketut , Setiasih Sri
Published: June 2024

Berdasarkan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 dalam Riskesdas 2018 menyebutkan bahwa wanita di Indonesia memiliki prevalensi gingivitis sebesar 74% (periodontal). Prevalensi karies Ibu hamil di Indonesia sebesar 84,69%. Penyebab tingginya karies pada ibu hamil yaitu perubahan hormon, intensitas mual dan muntah serta faktor mengidam. Salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya stunting yaitu penyakit gigi dan mulut pada ibu hamil. Pendampingan dan edukasi tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut diperlukan agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil, membentuk perilaku hidup sehat serta menyelamatkan ibu hamil dan mencegah kejadian stunting. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menerapkan media promosi kesehatan Kartu Sehat Gigi Ibu Hamil (KASIH) dan media promosi kesehatan KASIH pada kegiatan kelas ibu hamil di Posyandu. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan melakukan penyuluhan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu hamil, pengisian KASIH, serta pengolesan vitamin gigi. KASIH merupakan Kartu Sehat Gigi Ibu Hamil yang bertujuan untuk mengedukasi ibu hamil tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat membantu peningkatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut ibu dan kesehatan janin agar terhindar dari stunting dan BBLR. Hal ini juga dapat sebagai data informasi tentang penyakit gigi dan mulut ibu hamil. Selain itu, juga dapat memberdayakan tenaga kesehatan gigi untuk dapat melakukan kegiatan untuk promosi kesehatan. Pengolesan vitamin gigi dilakukan bertujuan agar gigi ibu hamil menjadi lebih kuat dan tidak mudah terkena karies. Selain itu, dilakukan juga edukasi agar ibu hamil menggosok gigi sebelum tidur dan menggunakan vitamin gigi selama 21 hari berturut turut agar hasil yang didapat maksimal.
EDUKASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH ORGANIK SKALA RUMAH TANGGA METODE EMBER TUMPUK DI KELURAHAN 20 ILIR KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Anwar Khairil , Jauhari Regita Puspita Sari , Setyawan Bimantara Ilham , Rosdayanti Siti Fauziah , Dermawan Arya
Published: June 2024

Permasalahan lingkungan merupakan isu yang mendunia, terutama permasalahan mengenai sampah. Permasalahan sampah telah menjadi permasalahan serius di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Semakin meningkatnya jumlah dan aktivitas penduduk yang tidak diimbangi dengan perbaikan serta peningkatan kapasitas sistem pengelolaan sampah di berbagai daerah telah menyebabkan menumpuknya sampah di berbagai tempat yang tidak semestinya. Sampah-sampah yang tidak terkelola dengan baik tersebut dapat menjadi sumber penyakit. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan Penyapaian materi tentang pengelolaan sampah organik, menonton video edukasi tentang pengelolaan sampah organik dengan metode ember tumpuk dan Pelatihan pengelolaan sampah organik rumah tangga metode ember tumpuk. Sebagian ibu rumah tangga di RT 42 masih banyak yang belum mengetahui jenis sampah organik apa saja yang dihasilkan di rumah tangganya, namun dengan memberikan materi tentang sampah organik, perempuan di RT 42 bisa mengetahui jenis sampah organik apa saja, melakukan pelatihan pembuatan ember tumpuk bagi ibu-ibu di RT 42. Para ibu-ibu di RT 42 sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan pembuatan ember tersebut karena dari ember tersebut dapat dihasilkan pupuk organik yang dapat dibuat pada tanaman disekitarnya Dari hasil kegiatan penyuluhan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang Edukasi Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Skala Rumah Tangga Metode Ember Tumpuk di RT 42 Kelurahan 20 Ilir Kota Palembang diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa didapatkan pemahaman mengenai bahaya sampah dan keterampilan dalam pemilahan sampah organik serta memberikan pengetahuan bagaimana cara membuat ember tumpuk sebagai salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi sampah organik di rumah tangga masing-masing.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA E-BOOK DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN WANITA USIA REPRODUKTIF MENGENAI METODE KONTRASEPSI
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Lidya Nurul , Astuti Yunita Laila
Published: June 2024

Cakupan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi yang masih rendah disebabkan karena belum optimalnya pelayanan Komunikasi, Informasi, Edukasi mengenai metode kontrasepsi. Penggunaan media e-book sebagai media perlu diperhitungkan karena biaya yang terjangkau, serta dapat menampung informasi dengan kemasan menarik berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan akseptor mengenai kontrasepsi. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan melaksanakan pendidikan kesehatan bagi wanita usia subur di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Cilandak Barat, Kecamatan Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan agar meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang metode kontrasepsi. Waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai pada bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2023 dengan sasaran 30 wanita usia subur. Kegiatan dilakukan sesuai jadwal kegiatan dengan memberikan penyuluhan dan diskusi memanfaatkan media e-book.  E-book ini berisi informasi tentang jenis, manfaat, efek samping, kekurangan dan kelebihan masing-masing metode alat kontrasepsi. Sebelum diberikan penyuluhan, peserta dilakukan pre-tes terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan terhadap metode kontrasepsi. Rerata skor pre-tes 25.33. Pada akhir rangkaian kegiatan, post-tes dilakukan dengan rerata 67.33. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan wanita usia subur mengenai metode kontrasepsi. Diharapkan bahwa dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan tentang berbagai metode kontrasepsi beserta kelebihan dan kekurangannya, dapat membantu wanita usia subur dalam menentukan metode kontrasepsi yang tepat sesuai kondisi dan kebutuhannya
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL UNTUK EDUKASI GIZI SEIMBANG DI SDN 01 CILANDAK BARAT JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Puspita Erlin , Khatimah Husnul , Haris Vera Suzana Dewi , Mutaqin Zeni Zaenal
Published: June 2024

Masalah gizi ini tentunya akan berdampak pada semakin menurunnya kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) di masa sekarang dan mendatang. Pengetahuan gizi yang kurang atau kurangnya menerapkan pengetahuan gizi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dapat menimbulkan masalah gizi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi status gizi anak adalah kebiasaan makan. Metode yang  digunakan pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah penyuluhan dengan menggunakan media audiovisual, penggunaan media ini memungkinkan terjadinya perubahan perilaku pada anak SD tentang makanan seimbang dan pemberian makanan tambahan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) berjalan sesuai dengan rencana. Rangkaian kegiatan yang dilaksanakan adalah mengukur status gizi anak sekolah, melakukan pre-test, memberikan edukasi mengenai gizi seimbang, melakukan post test dan memberikan makanan tambahan. Dari hasil analisis terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap pada anak sekolah mengenai gizi seimbang setelah diberikan edukasi gizi seimbang melalui audio visual. Kegiatan penyuluhan gizi seimbang sebaiknya menjadi kegiatan rutin pada anak sekolah, sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap mengenai gizi seimbang serta membantu sekolah dalam menerapkan pemilihan makanan jajanan yang aman dan sehat sehingga dapat mencegah masalah-masalah gizi.
OPTIMALISASI PELATIHAN KADER STUNTING DI DESA PULAU SARAK KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Rusherina Rusherina , Idayanti Idayanti , Kurniawati Kurniawati
Published: June 2024

Stunting merupakan suatu kondisi dimana anak kurang gizi dan nutrisi yang ditandai tinggi badan lebih pendek dibandingkan anaka-anak seusianya atau tinggi badan anak berada dibawah standar WHO. Penyebab stunting salah satunya kurangnya asupan gizi pada anak dalam 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Komplikasi stunting yaitu mengganggu pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu cara pencegahan stunting yaitu melakukan optimalisasi kader stunting. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu membentuk dan meningkatkan kader stunting di Desa Pulau Sarak. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yaitu membentuk kader stunting dan melakukan monitoring kegiatan pemantauan tumbuh kembang pada bulan Februari sampai Juli 2022. Hasil tersusunnya rancangan kegiatan kader dalam mencegah stunting pada anak usia 0-24 bulan yaitu melakukan pengkuran antopometri, pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak melalui personal social, motorik halus, motorik kasar dan bahasa. Pembentukan dan monitoring kader stunting sangat baik untuk dilakukan. Pemerintah setempat seharusnya memfasilitasi kegiatan tersebut.
PEMBERDAYAAN KADER DALAM PENGELOLAAN ASAM URAT PADA LANSIA DI DESA MEGATI KABUPATEN TABANAN
Authors: Mustika I Wayan , Sudiantara Ketut , Gama I Ketut , Purnama Tedi
Published: June 2024

Lansia sebagai kelompok berisiko mengakibatkan konsekuensi pada tingginya proporsi masalah kesehatan pada lansia. Proses menua mengakibatkan penurunan secara bertahap hampir seluruh organ dan sistem dalam tubuh, baik fisik, mental maupun psikologisnya. Kelemahan fisik merupakan faktor risiko yang mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan lansia untuk bisa menikmati kehidupan. Penyakit tidak menular pada lansia kwantitasnya juga sangat tinggi, seperti: hipertensi, diabetes miletus, Asma, rematoid dan gangguan gizi. Dilapangan juga banyak ditemukan satu orang lansia menderita lebih dari satu penyakit, jiga tidak jarang ditemukan seorang lansia menderita lebih dari satu penyakit. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat sebagai salah satu Tri Darma Pegruan Tinggi yang memberikan kontribusi transfer ilmu dan tehnologi kepada Masyarakat khususnya kader dalam pengelolaan asam urat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu pelatihan kader dan pemberdayaan kader menggunakan modul Penyakit tidak menular dan buku pemantauan kesehatan lansia. Membat jamu bubuk kunyit, pelayanan lansia meliputi pemeriksaan fisik: menimbang BB dan mengukur tinggi badan, mengukur tekanan darah, menghitung denyut nadi dan pemeriksaan gula darah, asam urat dan kolesterol, membuka ruang konsultasi bidang kesehatan, sesuai hasil pemeriksaan dan keluhan yang disampaikan. Hasil pengabdian didapatkan bahwa sebelum dan setelah pelatihan kader lansia adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dalam pengelolaan penyakit tidak menular khususnya asam urat.
An Eco - Critical Reading of Climate Change in Chantal Bilodeau's Sila
Authors: Ethar Nihad Hikmat  , Maysoon Taher Muhi
Published: June 2024

برز في الآونة الأخيرة اهتمام كبير بالتدهور البيئي والتقدم التكنولوجي وتأثيراته على وظيفة النظام البيئي الطبيعي. وتسلط هذه الآثار الخطيرة الضوء على الحاجة الملحة للنقد البيئي لأنه يقدم نهجا حديثا لتحليل وفهم الأعمال الأدبية استنادا إلى الأدلة العلمية لعلم البيئة. إن تقدم البشر وسيطرتهم على كوكب الأرض ونظامه البيئي يسبب اضطرابات، بما في ذلك النظام المناخي. يتحدى النقد البيئي مفهوم الأنثروبوسين ويدافع عن إعادة تشكيل موقف الإنسان المتمحورة حوله. ويحلل البحث التغير المناخي كشكل من أشكال العنف البطيء، الناتج عن أنماط الطقس المتطرفة المتمثلة في ذوبان الأنهار الجليدية بسبب الأنشطة البشرية، والتي تؤدي إلى فيضانات عالمية. تؤثر هذه الأنماط بشكل غير لائق على الكيانات الأكثر عرضة للخطر: شعب الإنويت والدببة القطبية البيضاء الذين يساهمون بأقل قدر من انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة. يوضح البحث كيف أن المسرح ناشط بيئي ويدخل في الأداء في أزمة بيئية دون عدالة بيئية. تناقش مسرحية سيلا(2015) للكاتبة شانتالبيلودو موضوع التهديد غير المرئي لتغير المناخ الناتج عن النشاط البشري الناجم عن التقدم الصناعي وعواقبه الخبيثة على السكان الأصليين والنظام البيئي والحيوانات، وتدعو إلى الاهتمام بالعدالة المناخية في السياق العالمي.
Iraqi EFL University Students' Coping with Multitasking and Performance in Productive Skills: A ‎Correlational Study
Authors: Zeena Abid Ali Al-Bayati  , Shaimaa Abdul Baqi Al-Bakri
Published: June 2024

اللغة أمر بالغ الأهمية لتطور المجتمع البشري. إنها وسيلة أساسية للتواصل بين الأفراد والجماعات والأمم. في الوقت الحاضر، يتعلم عدد متزايد من الأشخاص اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية أو لغة ثانية، بهدف رئيسي هو تحقيق إتقان اللغة الإنجليزية والتواصل مع الآخرين. تتيح المهارات الإنتاجية للمتعلمين التعبير عن أفكارهم وأفكارهم وآرائهم باللغة الإنجليزية. أنها تمكن المتعلمين من المشاركة في المحادثات، والمشاركة في المناقشات، ونقل رسائلهم بشكل فعال.كما يشير تعدد المهام إلى القدرة على التعامل مع مهام متعددة وإدارتها في وقت واحد.لذلك، تتناول الدراسة الحالية العلاقة بين التعامل مع تعدد المهام والأداء في المهارات الإنتاجية لدى طلاب جامعة العراقيين دارسي اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية. ولهذا الغرض تم اختيار عينة مكونة من 360 طالباً من مختلف الجامعات العراقية (منها بغداد والبصرة والموصل) وكليات التربية – أقسام اللغة الإنجليزية بشكل عشوائي خلال العام الدراسي (2022-2023) كعينة لهذه الدراسة. من اجل تحقيق اهداف الدراسة، تم استخدام ثلاث أدوات لجمع البيانات: استبيان لقياس التعامل مع تعدد المهام، واختبار إنتاجي لتقييم أداء الطلاب في التحدث والكتابة، وتم إجراء التحليل الارتباطي لفحص العلاقة بين التعامل مع تعدد المهام والأداء في المهارات الإنتاجية. تشير النتائج إلى أن طلاب جامعة اللغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية يمتلكون مستوى جيد في التعامل مع المهام المتعددة. علاوة على ذلك، كشفت الدراسة عن وجود علاقة إيجابية بين التعامل مع تعدد المهام والمهارات الإنتاجية مما يشير إلى أن الطلاب الذين يستخدمون هذه المهام المتعددة يؤدون أداءً أفضل في التحدث والكتابة. وأظهرت النتائج أيضًا أن التعامل مع تعدد المهام يساهم بشكل كبير في تفسير التباين في المهارات الإنتاجية.
Measuring Sensitive Personality and its Relationship to some Variables among Workers in Care Institutions for People with Special Needs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Vaman Ahmad Mohammed  , Sabir Saeed Abdullah
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى بناء مقياس الشخصية الحساسة لدى العاملين مع ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة وقياسها لديهم ومن ثم التعرف على دلالة الفروق احصائيأ في مستوى الشخصية الحساسة لدى العاملين مع ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة تبعأ لمتغيرات (الجنس، التحصيل الدراسي، السكن، عدد سنوات الخدمة). وقد تكونت عينة البحث من (425) موظفاً وموظفة من العاملين مع ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في الدوائر الحكومية في اقليم كوردستان العراق وقد تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية. ولإثبات اهداف البحث قام الباحثان ببناء مقياس الشخصية الحساسة واستخراج الخصائص السايكومترية للمقياس، وقد اصبح المقياس بصيغته النهائية مكون من (76) فقرة موزعة على مجالات المقياس، وثم عولجت البيانات احصائياً، واشارت النتائج الى أن افراد العينة اشخاص ذو حساسية عالية، و هناك فرق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي درجات افراد العينة حسب متغير الجنس ولصالح الاناث، عدم وجود فرق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي درجات افراد العينة حسب متغير التحصيل وان هناك فرق دال احصائياً حسب متغير السكن ولصالح محافظة السليمانية، ان هناك فرق دال احصائياً حسب متغير الوظيفة ولصالح الموظفين، وعدم وجود فرق في الشخصية الحساسة حسب متغير سنوات الخدمة، وفي ضوء النتائج تم الوصول الى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات .
A Differential Performance in the Ability Difference to Employ Test Wiseness Strategies According to Contemporary Measurement Theory
Authors: Waleed Khalid Abdulkareem Baban
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الاستفادة من نموذج أندريش، بوصفه أحد نماذج الاستجابة المتعددة التدريج لنظرية القياس المعاصرة. حيث ركز الباحث على قياس الأداء التفاضلي استنادا للقدرة على استخدام استراتيجيات الحكمة الاختبارية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمدت الباحث على مقياس الحكمة الاختبارية والمعد من قبل (حمد، 2010). لذلك تم اختيار عينة عشوائية طبقية قوامها (447) طالباً وطالبة من الصفوف العاشر والحادي عشر والثاني عشر الإعدادي، وتم التحقق من فرضيات نظرية الاستجابة للفقرة (IRT)، بما في ذلك فرضية البعد الواحد، وذلك من خلال التحليل العاملي. لفقرات الاختبار باستخدام طريقة تحليل المكونات الرئيسية (PCA) لاستجابات الأفراد لفقرات الاختبار، وذلك بحساب قيمة الجذر الكامن ونسبة التباين المفسر،وكـذلك التبـاين المفسـر التراكمي لكل عامل من العوامل، ومن خلال هذا الافتراض تم تأكيد فرضية الاستقلال المحلي أيضاً. ولتحليل بيانات فقرات المقياس استخدم الباحث نموذج أندريش، وباستخدام برنامج الحاسوب (ConstructMap-4.6) حيث أشارت قيم موقع الفقرة المقدرة على السمة الكامنة إلى أنها تراوحت من (2.55) إلى (2.71) لوغاريتم، بمتوسط (0.027) لوغاريتم. وهذا يشير إلى أن المقياس يغطي نطاقًا واسعًا من السمة المقاسة، من الأقل إلى الأعلى كما بلغ الخطأ المعياري لمتوسط تقديرات صعوبة الفقرة (0.032)، وهي قيمة منخفضة قريبة من الصفر، مما يدل على دقة تقديرات موقع الفقرة على سمة الحكمة الكامنة خلف الاستجابة للاختبار
Helping Students Become Proficient Physics Problem Solvers Through Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Sarkingobir Yusuf , Bello Abdulaziz
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the efficacy of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing students' problem-solving abilities in physics education, addressing the lack of effective methodologies in nurturing this crucial skill. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 58 secondary school students from Nigeria were divided into an experimental group, which received PBL instruction, and a control group, which received traditional teaching methods. Over three months, both groups were assessed using an essay test format before and after the intervention, focusing on problem-solving abilities related to force and motion concepts. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed to evaluate the pretest, posttest, and n-gain scores, revealing significant improvements in problem-solving abilities within the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, students exposed to the PBL model exhibited higher average scores and greater improvement in problem-solving skills across various indicators, including understanding the problem, developing a plan, implementing the plan, and reflecting on solutions. The findings underscored the effectiveness of the PBL model in fostering active engagement, collaborative learning, and structured problem-solving processes, aligning with contemporary educational approaches that prioritize practical skill development and critical thinking. This study contributed to the growing body of literature supporting the efficacy of PBL in enhancing problem-solving abilities, highlighting its potential to cultivate a dynamic learning environment conducive to the development of essential skills in physics education.
Online Self-Regulated Learning Assisted by Virtual Labs to Train STEM Student's Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Ernita Nevi , Bahtiar Bahtiar , Zulkarnaen Zulkarnaen , Mustofa Hisbulloh Als , Faresta Rangga Alif
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of integrating online self-regulated learning with virtual labs in enhancing critical thinking skills among STEM students. The research adopted a controlled experimental design involving two groups—experimental and control—over a two-month period, employing a mix of interactive virtual labs and structured online self-regulated learning strategies for the former, while maintaining traditional educational methods for the latter. Results indicated significant improvements in the experimental group's critical thinking capabilities across multiple indicators such as interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation, compared to modest improvements in the control group. The experimental group benefited from a dynamic and interactive learning environment that allowed for hands-on experiments and simulations, fostering a deeper understanding and engagement with scientific concepts. This environment, enhanced by the strategic application of self-regulated learning techniques, facilitated a more effective development of critical thinking skills than traditional methods. The study highlighted the potential of virtual labs combined with self-regulated learning to significantly enhance educational outcomes in STEM education, suggesting that such integrative approaches could better prepare students for the complexities of the modern scientific landscape. Additionally, the study underscored the need for future research to explore these strategies across a more diverse and broader educational context to confirm these findings and further refine the educational interventions employed.
Calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera primaria por coxartrosis
Authors: Marroquin Avalos Leonel Estuardo
Published: June 2024

OBJETIVO: Determinar la calidad de vida en los pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera primaria por coxartrosis según la escala Oxford Hip Score. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrolectivo en 81 pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera primaria por coxartrosis del año 2019 al 2024. RESULTADOS: Se observó una predominancia del sexo femenino, representando el 58.02% del grupo. La mayoría de los pacientes procedían del departamento de Guatemala, constituyendo el 61.73% del total. En cuanto a la distribución por grupos de edad, se encontró que el rango más frecuente estaba comprendido entre los 55 y 63 años, abarcando el 29.63% de los casos estudiados. La calidad de vida de los pacientes que se sometieron a artroplastia total de cadera primaria debido a coxartrosis, evaluada mediante la escala Oxford Hip Score, en su mayoría fue calificada como buena, alcanzando un porcentaje del 30.86%. Seguido por excelente, con un 28.40%. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio muestra una mayor representación de mujeres y la mayoría de los pacientes proceden del departamento de Guatemala. El grupo de edad más común está entre 55 y 63 años. La calidad de vida de los pacientes que se sometieron a artroplastia total de cadera primaria debido a coxartrosis fue evaluada como buena en su mayoría, seguida de excelente.
The Toxic Effect of Bisphenol A on Male Rat Testicles and The Possible Protective Value of Propolis and Vitamin E
Authors: Almudhaffer Ali maan , Ziedan Fouad
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to examine the impact of propolis (Pro) on various physiological parameters in male rats experiencing induced testicular dysfunction by Bisphenol A. Five groups of ten male rats apiece were created by random selection from the rats.  Group 1 the rats, which performed as the group under negative control, received normal food and water. In Group 2, rats were subjected to intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 mL of corn oil, utilized as the vehicle for bisphenol A (BPA), thereby serving as the vehicle control group. For Group 3, rats were administered in corn oil, BPA dissolved at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight administered three times a week for three weeks using an intraperitoneal injection. In Group 4rats received a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight of propolis (protected) orally via a gavage needle. Subsequently, intraperitoneal injections are administered to them from BPA delivered three times weekly for three weeks, the dosage is 50 mg per kilogram of body weight dissolved in corn oil. In Group 5, rats received protection with vitamin E orally, at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, using a gavage needle. The intraperitoneal injection of BPA, dissolved in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, was then given three times a week for three weeks. After three weeks, animals were sacrificed, and testes and blood were gathered for additional analysis. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Sperm Viability, General motility, Progressive motility, and Morphology, were all significantly reduced in the BPA group compared to the control groups, according to the results. While malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in the BPA group compared to the control groups. In conclusion, propolis enhanced physiological parameters adversely affected by BPA, suggesting its potential as a protective agent against BPA-induced testicular dysfunction.
The Influence of Catechin on Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats
Authors: Albedi Noaman , Talib Rasha Hadi
Published: June 2024

Obesity represented as an abnormal accumulation of visceral fat. The synthesis of adiponectin has been linked to visceral fat accumulation. Obesity, and cardiovascular disease have all been linked to decreased levels of adiponectin. This study included the effect of catechin administration for 30 days on lipid profile, glucose, adiponectin and insulin serum levels as well as IR of obese female rats. Twenty female rats were conducted to the experiment where divide to four equal groups as; negative normal group received normal diet for all experiment time (60 days); positive obese control group received high fat diet (HFD) for (60 days); GTC-fed group fed HFD; ATV-fed group this group received ATV as cholesterol lowering drug. The significant differences considered at (p < 0.05 with 95% CI). The study revealed that the levels of Total-Ch, triglycerides and glucose were significantly higher in positive than negative control group. Additionally, a significant decreased Total-Ch, triglycerides and glucose level of Catechin treatment group than positive control group. Moreover, a significant reduction of adiponectin means levels obtained in positive control group compared to negative control and Catechin treatment groups. Furthermore, a significant difference of IR obtained between means of positive control group with Catechin treatment group. HDL-C levels were also differed significantly between positive control groups and Catechin treatment group. In conclusion this study exposed a positive influence of catechin administration on obesity lethal factors such as cholesterol, hyperglycemia, IR and the serum concentration of adiponectin in obese female rats.
The Role of Designing Virtual Advertisements in the External Environment
Authors: Mousa Intisar Rasmi , Mohammed Wafaa Jassim
Published: June 2024

Virtual advertisements in outdoor environments depend on employing modern digital technologies and require the infrastructure of the communication network used to deliver content, communication protocols, software, and equipment used in content management and repetition of the display, and depend on different standards, each according to the marketing and promotional objective of the advertisement. The research problem was determined through the following questions: What are virtual ads? What are digital technology and the modern technologies that have introduced it in the modern era? What are the methods of advertising display for marketing and promotion? The research aimed to identify virtual advertisements, their promotional and marketing techniques and methods. The descriptive-analytical approach was followed in monitoring and analyzing the information. The research reached the most important results, which are: 1- Outdoor environment advertisements achieved an overlap between the form of the advertisement and the urban space surrounding it in the commercial center or urban buildings, and it had a functional and aesthetic role in the urban environment. 2- It achieved A high level of control and interaction between the customer and the advertisement, so that he becomes a participant and part of the advertisement. 3- The advertisements used various methods in addressing the public and potential customers. The method of drawing attention was used in samples 1, 3, 4, and 5, and the method of addressing instincts was used in samples 1, 2. ,5. The method of enticement and motivation was used in sample 2.5. It also employed the method of being realistic and presenting facts in Sample 3, while the method of arousing and stimulating consumerism was one of the most widely used methods and this appeared in Samples 1, 2, 4, and 5.
The Effect of Biological Fertilizers and Inorganic Fertilizers on Upland Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Production
Authors: Effendi AR Arman , Ariani Erlida , Yudiandani Yohana
Published: June 2024

Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop that produces rice, which is important in meeting Indonesia's food needs. This research aims to improve growth and increase the production of upland rice plants by providing biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and getting the right combination dose for upland rice plants. This research was carried out at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Bina Widya campus km 12.5, Pekanbaru. This research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors the first factor was biological fertilizer consisting of four levels, namely: H0 : Control, H1 : 0.18 g of Agrimeth fertilizer, H2 :0.41 g Kayabio fertilizer, H3: 0.45 g Petro Biofertil fertilizer; The second factor is Phonska NPK fertilizer consisting of four levels, P0 : control, P1 : 1,4 g, P2: 2 g, P3 : 2.7 g per plant. The results showed that the interaction between the application of biological fertilizer and NPK Phonska fertilizer affected the number of grainy grains per panicle and the weight of milled dry grain. Providing biological fertilizer affects plant height, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of grainy grains per panicle, percentage of grainy grains and weight of milled dry grains. Application of NPK Phonska fertilizer affects plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of grainy grains per panicle, percentage of grainy grains and weight of milled dry grains. The correct dose to improve the growth and production of upland rice plants of the Inpago 12 variety can be 0.45 g Petro Biofertil Biofertilizer with 2.7 g Phonska NPK per plant
Jiroskop Topu İle İlgili Yapılan Araştırmaları İncelenmesi
Authors: Kısa Burak Ömer , Aykora Emrah
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, jiroskop topu ile yapılmış çalışmaların derlemesini yaparak jiroskop
topunun çalışma ilkesini açıklamak ve egzersizlerde kullanımı için görünürlüğünü
arttırmaktır. Sıklıkla bilimsel çalışmalarda, tedavi edici bir araç olarak kullanılan jiroskop
topu özünde merkezkaç yöntemi ile kuvveti sağlayan bir alettir. Dönüş yapan bir rotor kısmı
ve onu muhafaza eden bir dış katmanı vardır. Farklı yöntemlerle ilk dönüşü başlatılabilen
rotor, muhafaza içinde serbestçe her yöne 360 derece dönebilir. Dönme hızı el bileğinin
senkronize hareketleri ile arttırılabilir ve bu sayede hissedilen kuvvette artış
sağlanabilmektedir. Cihaz doksanlı yılların başında çıkmış olsa da ne yazık ki bir antrenman
aracı olarak kullanımı tam kabul edilmemiştir. Bu durum sadece ülkemiz için değil
yurtdışında da aynı ölçüdedir. Bu çalışma ile spor bilimleri alanında jiroskop topu kullanılarak
yapılan egzersizler ve bilimsel çalışmaların yapılması için bir olanak sağlanacaktır.
Controle Endometrial e Eficácia dos Dispositivos Intrauterinos: Revisão das Vantagens e Limitações dos DIU-LNG
Authors: Valena Paiva da Fonseca Júlia , Torres Begot da Rocha Carla Katharina , Fonsceca Giulia , Bressan Pizarro Mariana , Lugli Luana , Topassi Caroline , Brum Paes Maria Laura , Moura Rocha Iara , Clarkes Pereira Gonçalves Breno , Heiko Filgueira Otino Júlia , Doretto Oliveira Lorena , Sari Junior Celito Francisco
Published: June 2024

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia dos dispositivos intrauterinos (DIUs) no controle endometrial, explorando os mecanismos subjacentes aos benefícios clínicos e investigando vantagens e limitações dos diferentes tipos de DIUs. A revisão integrativa foi meticulosamente planejada para assegurar uma avaliação abrangente dos efeitos dos DIUs no controle endometrial, com foco nas alterações celulares e condições endometriais. Os estudos revisados destacam a eficácia dos dispositivos intrauterinos de liberação de levonorgestrel (DIU-LNG) na redução do volume menstrual, resultando em taxas superiores de continuação para fins contraceptivos. No entanto, desafios como o sangramento irregular requerem intervenções adicionais. O aconselhamento intensivo é crucial para estratégias personalizadas que atendam às necessidades individuais das pacientes. Fatores anatômicos, como o tamanho da cavidade uterina, influenciam os resultados clínicos, especialmente para usuárias de DIU-LNG. O perfil clínico das pacientes desempenha um papel importante no manejo do DIU-LNG, particularmente no tratamento de sangramento uterino anormal (SUA). As conclusões enfatizam a complexidade do uso de DIUs e a necessidade de uma abordagem abrangente e personalizada para otimizar sua eficácia e aceitação clínica.
Anorexia nervosa: do diagnóstico ao tratamento
Authors: Bonfim Rayr Soares , Andrade Rodrigo dos Santos Carneiro de , Veloso Neto Humberto Fernandes , Soares Isadora Veras Araújo , Soares Isadora Veras Araújo , Oliveira Silmara Ferreira de , Tajra Nilsa Araújo , Carvalho Lucas George Barbosa de , Maiorquin Ana Luiza Reis , Silva Fátimih Cantanhêde da
Published: June 2024

Apresenta-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura acerca da anorexia nervosa, seus aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, bem como o impacto dessa condição na vida do indivíduo. Essa condição caracteriza-se por um transtorno alimentar em que o indivíduo apresenta baixo peso por restrição de ingesta calórica, medo de ganhar peso e preocupação excessiva com o peso e a forma corporal. Possui alto índice de mortalidade e está frequentemente associada com o sexo feminino e uma faixa etária mais jovem. Utilizam-se critérios diagnósticos para definir o quadro, que pode coexistir com outras comorbidades. Há necessidade de uma equipe multidisciplinar para intervir na melhoria e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, assim como um tratamento voltado para os vários aspectos que esse transtorno apresenta.
Methodology Of Feedback System In Evaluating The Formative Assessment In Undergraduate Medical Education Second-Year Pharmacology In A Developing Medical College In Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Prashar Deepak , Loan Ghulam  Mohammad , Kumar Sanjay , Faller Erwin M.
Published: June 2024

Background: The aim and objective of the study was to determine the teaching methods and their pros and cons that predominate in students in understanding and scoring in formative and summative assessments. Pharmacology is a course that needs extra care in this direction as this field is ever-changing. It is very difficult for a student to remember the classification of drugs, names, pharmacokinetics
Methods: A prospective study was carried out from April 2020 till February 2022. 120 students of second year session 2019, first CBME batch who appeared after 11 months for the summative assessment, were included and there was one drop out case so only 119 students were included
Results: pharmacodynamics, indications, contraindications, side effects, and adverse drug reactions. The present study focuses on the mental level and the economical aspects of the persons involved in the establishment of the medical college.
The Relationship between Home Environmental Sanitation and ISPA Incidence in Toddlers in Kaleroang Village, South Bungku District, Morowali Regency
Authors: Muhammad Ikhsan Akbar  , Ali Leniarti , Rachman Wa Ode Nova Noviyanti , Mulyani Sri , Sari Triyah Indah
Published: June 2024

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the main cause of death in toddlers which is still a health problem in Indonesia, especially in the Kaleroang Health Center UPT work area which is increasing every year. Namely, in 2020 the prevalence of ARI cases is as much as (21.7%) in 2021 as many as (28.5%) and in 2022 the prevalence will increase (28.9%). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between home environmental sanitation and the incidence of ARI in toddlers in Kaleroang Village, South Bungku District, Morowali Regency.
Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were all mothers who had toddlers in Kaleroang Village, namely 106 people, the total sample was 84 people who were taken by random sampling . Retrieval of data using observation sheets and questionnaires. Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test.
Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between home ventilation and the incidence of ARI in toddlers with a value of X2 counts (5.841) > X2 tables (3.841), house occupancy density2 counts (7.171) > X2 tables (3.841), members smoking habits family X2 counts (4,701) > X2 tables (3,841), use of mosquito coils X2 counts (10,903) > X2 tables (3,841), and immunization status X2 counts (5,409) > X2 tables (3,841).
Conclusions: it can be concluded that house ventilation, house occupancy density, smoking habits of family members, use of mosquito coils, and immunization status are related to the incidence of ARI in toddlers in Kaleroang Village. It is suggested to the UPT Kaleroang Health Center to further increase education related to the risk of ARI transmission based on the environment.
Preliminary Study To Assess Consumer Conception On Online Vs Offline Purchase Of Medicines
Authors: Garg Anshika
Published: June 2024

Background: The use of the Internet for buying and selling of medicines has increased over several years.  Purchase of medicines from E-pharmacies has also grown exponentially with the increase in the usage of the internet for buying products. Online purchase of medicines comes with several advantages such as time-saving, variety of offers and quick home delivery but there are several disadvantages associated with it. Hence, to study the pros and cons of purchasing medicines online, this study was conducted.
Methods: The main objective of this study is to assess the behaviour of consumers on online and offline purchase of medicines and what are the several factors that motivate them to purchase medicines online or vice-versa. For collecting responses, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the study participants through google forms. The questionnaire was divided into two sections including age and gender. Results: A total of 100 responses were obtained, out of which 50% of respondents opted for offline purchase of medicines from nearby pharmacies. In conclusion, it was observed that the majority of the population prefers the offline mode of purchase when it comes to the purchase of medicines and other healthcare products, though there are various major advancements in technology and variety of internet services and easy availability of e-medicines.
Conclusion: It reflects a more health-conscious and traditional mindset and outlook of the people particularly while deciding about the mode of purchasing medicines- online or offline because people lack trust when it comes to online purchase of medicines.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Scented Candle Using Volatile Oils Extracted By Enfleurage Method
Authors: Thimmapuram Usha Kiran Reddy
Published: June 2024

Background: Medicinal plants serve dual roles, offering remedies for various diseases and income-generation opportunities. Ancient Indian texts, including Ayurveda, extensively document plant use in healthcare. Globally, medicinal plants are vital resources in the fight against severe diseases. Essential oils in plants provide distinct aromas, flavors, and pathogen protection. Tithonia erecta flower oil boasts a complex composition with diverse beneficial properties. Exocarp extract from Citrus sinensis differs from juice or leaf extracts, containing more lipophilic compounds but fewer glycosylated compounds and lacking cyanidins and sterols. Eucalyptus globulus oil acts as an antiseptic and anti-spasmodic stimulant for respiratory issues. Scented candles are a popular relaxation method, promoting well-being through ambient lighting. This study aims to create practical scented candles using natural materials like soy wax, beeswax, and essential oils.
Methods: The desired candle should offer a long burn time, be cost-effective, and pose no health risks to users. The candle composition includes gel wax, vegetable or animal fat, eucalyptus leaves, marigold petals, and orange peels. This study involves preparing and evaluating polyherbal scented candles using volatile oils extracted through the enfleurage method.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of volatile oils, alkaloids and proteins. The FTIR analysis reveals the presence of OH group in these extracts.
Conclusion: This research successfully developed a natural polyherbal scented candle with extended burn time, cost-effectiveness, and user safety. Antioxidants prevent undesired changes during production and use. The candle contains gel wax, vegetable or animal fat, eucalyptus leaves, marigold petals, and orange peels. Evaluation tests confirmed safety and effectiveness. Among formulations, F1 is fragrance-minimal and allergy-free, while others may cause counter-irritation. This eco-friendly product provides a fresh herbal fragrance for stress relief and is competitively priced.
Mobilization Of Metal Elements Against The Incidence Of Dermatitis Is Seen From Community Knowledge In The Mining Circle In Amonggedo Sub-District, Konawe District
Authors: Noviati Noviati , Ramdan Muhammad , Sya`ban Abdul Rahim , Juslan
Published: June 2024

Background: Mining activities in Amonggedo sub-district have an impact on public health and environmental conditions, including data on the 10 highest diseases in the Amonggedo Health Center work area after the presence of mining activities showing 2 types of diseases due to metal distribution that have continued to increase in the last 3 years, namely Skin Disease and Underground Tissue.
Methods: The study was conducted with the Mix Method, namely descriptive analysis with water and metal quality checks carried out at the Health Laboratory of Southeast Sulawesi province and Cross Sectional research was carried out on the people of Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency.
Results: The results showed that the knowledge variable obtained the value of X2 calculated > X2 table (25.235 > 3.841) which means that there is a relationship between knowledge and the incidence of dermatitis in the Working Area of the Amonggedo Health Center, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency.
Conclusions: Metal content in dominant soil elements exceeds the threshold value both at the inlet and outlet, namely Ni, Fe, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Metal content in some elements exceeds the threshold value both at the inlet and outlet, namely TSS, Fe, Ni, Co, Pb, There is a moderate relationship between knowledge and the incidence of dermatitis in the Working Area of the Amonggedo Health Center, Amonggedo District, Konawe Regency.
Effect Of Tem-Umw Ultraviolet Sterilization Box Radiation On Paper Money Bacteria
Authors: Sutiari Desak Ketut , Abidin Muhammad , Somayasa Wayan , Hamrin La Ode
Published: June 2024

Background: TEM-UMW UVC sterilization cabinets have been designed using door safety systems and timers. Door security systems are designed to avoid exposure to UVC rays in users.  Sterilization is carried out to improve the quality of public health and ensure the cleanliness of an object. Sterilization using exposure to UVC light can decide the survival of micrinorganisms or bacteria. This causes UVC light to be widely used as a sterilizer for non-living objects.  This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of UVC exposure time to bacterial colonies on banknotes. Exposure is done by making one sample as a cocontroller.
Methods: This study banknotes are illuminated at intervals of 0, up to 30 minutes using a sterilization cabinet. The number of bacteria on the banknote is calculated by the bacterial culture method and then analyzed using a counter colony.
Results: Based on the results of the analysis of known samples without exposure to light, the number of bacteria was about 250 colonies when the first minute of exposure bacteria was reduced to 38 colonies. The number of colonies on banknotes is constantly reduced if the length of exposure is increased. By the 30th minute the number of colonies becomes 6
Conclusions: The results shown Exposure using UVC through strilization cabinets can kill bacteria on banknotes. The optimal exposure time of UVC rays affecting the number of bacterial colonies on the Rp. 2000 banknote is 25 -30 minutes.