bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential effective refractory period as a useful marker of multiple accessory pathways
Authors: Helm Robert H. , Varkey Santosh C. , Karnik Ankur A.
Published: February 2019

Accessory pathway (AP) ablation failure may be related to multiple pathways which go unrecognized at the time of electrophysiology study. We present a patient who had two adjacent APs based on different preexcitation patterns as well as effective refractory periods (ERPs) which have not been previously described. Apart from leading to recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), multiple pathways are important to recognize as they more frequently predispose to malignant atrial arrhythmias.
Effects of iron and copper treatments on the bacterioplankton assemblages from surface waters along the north branch of the Kalamazoo River, Michigan, USA
Authors: Olapade Ola A. , Rasmussen Lauren
Published: February 2019

The effects of varying concentrations (ranging from 0 to 10 μM) of two different metals that is, iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) on indigenous bacterial populations and their hydrolytic enzyme activities within the bacterioplankton assemblages from the surface waters of the Kalamazoo River were examined under controlled microcosm conditions. The two metals were added to water samples collected from the Kalamazoo River and examined for bacterial abundance and leucine aminopeptidase activities at various time intervals over a 48 h incubation period in the dark. Results revealed no concentration effects on the bacterial populations in the presence of both Fe and Cu, although the bacterial numbers varied significantly over time in both microcosms. Conversely, leucine aminopeptidase activities based onpost‐hoctests using Bonferroni correction revealed significant differences to increasing concentrations of both metals over the study period. These results further validate previous knowledge regarding the importance of various metal ions in regulating bacterial community structures and also suggest that aminopeptidase have the potential of effectively functioning using diverse trace and heavy metals as extracellular peptidase cofactors in aquatic systems.
New Approach to Structure–Property Correlations of Different Films of Sorbitan Esters and Their Self‐Assembly into Viscoelastic Monolayers
Authors: Demand Sarah , Egger Simon , Degen Patrick , Salmen Paul , Paulus Michael , Tolan Metin , Rehage Heinz
Published: February 2019

This publication is focused on the structural origin of viscoelasticity in Langmuir monolayers. To improve the understanding of the structural origin of viscoelasticity of surfactant films, we systematically studied interfacial films of different sorbitan esters with saturated (Span 60 and 65) and unsaturated (Span 80 and 85) paraffin chains by means of surface rheology, Langmuir isotherms, X‐ray reflectometry (XRR), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The results of two‐dimensional shear rheological measurements revealed the existence of temporarily cross‐linked networks. In dynamic BAM experiments, we observed a swinging motion of the monolayers as a result of a sudden externally initiated mechanical perturbation. The viscoelastic film response, which relaxed with time as the external force vanished, could be traced back to the presence of foam‐like supramolecular structures that interlinked solid‐condensed domains. The temperature dependence of the elastic response implied that the solid domains decomposed at temperatures close to the bulk melting point of Span 60 and Span 65. We concluded that insoluble surfactants formed solid domains at the interface, which were linked with each other by nonsolid areas, giving viscoelastic films. These newly discovered insights into coherent film formations could provide new opportunities for designing mechanically stable surfactant interfaces.
Brownian motion and Einstein relation for migration of coffee particles in coffee suspensions
Authors: Lin Chih‐Yang , Zhou Wenxiao , Hu Chen‐Ti , Yang Fuqian , Lee Sanboh
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

The migration of particles in a liquid plays an important role in determining the stability of the corresponding suspension. The preparation of a cup of coffee involves the migration/dispersion of coffee particles in aqueous solutions. We investigate the Brownian motion of coffee particles in coffee suspensions at different temperatures for three different coffee beans via the migration of the coffee particles of the coffee suspensions in water.

RESULTS

The activation energies for the Brownian motion of the coffee particles are in the range 23.5–32.0 kJ mol−1, relatively independent of the size of the coffee particles used in the present study. The viscosities of the coffee suspensions are measured as a function of temperature and then used to correlate with the gradient–diffusion coefficient for the Brownian motion of the coffee particles. The activation energies of the rate process controlling the viscous flow of the coffee suspensions are in the range 12.7–14.1 kJ mol−1.

CONCLUSION

The correlation between the viscosity and gradient–diffusion coefficient of the coffee suspensions generally follows the Einstein relation. A temperature dependence exists for the viscosity and gradient–diffusion coefficient of the coffee suspensions, which can be used to understand the brewing of coffee at high temperatures with respect to product refinement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A Simple Measure of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Burden Predicts Tumor Recurrence After Liver Transplantation: The Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Initial, Maximum, Last Classification
Authors: Vutien Philip , Dodge Jennifer , Bambha Kiran M. , Nordstrom Eric M. , Gralla Jane , Campbell Kristen , Levek Claire , Nydam Trevor , Fix Oren , Ioannou George , Biggins Scott W.
Published: February 2019

Risk of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) after liver transplantation (LT) depends on the pre‐LT HCC burden, tumor behavior, and response to locoregional therapy (LRT). In December 2017, LT priority for HCC was expanded to select patients outside the Milan criteria who respond to LRT. Our aims were to develop a novel objective measure of pre‐LT HCC burden (model of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma–initial, maximum, last [RH‐IML]), incorporating tumor behavior over time, and to apply RH‐IML to model post‐LT rHCC. Using United Network for Organ Sharing data from between 2002‐2014 (development) and 2015‐2017 (validation), we identified adult LT recipients with HCC and assessed pre‐LT HCC tumor behavior and post‐LT rHCC. For each patient, HCC burden was measured at 3 points on the waiting list: initial (I), maximum (M) total tumor diameter, and last (L) exception petition. HCC burden at these 3 points were classified as (A) Milan to University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and (D) >UCSF, resulting in each patient having a 3‐letter RH‐IML designation. Of 16,558 recipients with HCC, 1233 (7%) had any post‐LT rHCC. rHCC rates were highest in RH‐IML group CCC (15%) and DDD (18%). When M and L tumor burdens did not exceed Milan (class B or A), rHCC was low (≤10%) as in AAA, ABA, ABB, BBA, BBB; rHCC was also low (≤10%) with successful downstaging when L was A (<Milan) and M tumor burden did not exceed I, as in BBA, CCA, and DDA. In conclusion, the RH‐IML classification system is a simple summative measure of HCC burden that incorporates tumor behavior over time. RH‐IML also estimates post‐LT rHCC risk and is a useful tool for evaluating risk for rHCC post‐LT.
The protective role of rs56103835 against breast cancer onset in the Iranian population
Authors: Naderi Negin , Peymani Maryam , Ghaedi Kamran
Published: February 2019

Background

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women and the highest cause of death due to cancer among women aged 40–45. SNPs can be used to identify disease‐related genes such as cancer as they can be genetic markers. Furthermore, SNPs in the molecular‐level miRNA structure are also associated with a set of cancers. Studies have shown that miR‐323b plays a tumor suppressor role by reducing the tissues and serum of the affected individuals. So far, no study regarding rs56103835 polymorphism in the precursor of miR‐323b has been conducted in the breast cancer. In this study, the association of this SNP with the incidence of breast cancer in the Iranian population has been investigated.

Method

In order to correlate rs56103835 polymorphism with breast cancer, 161 patients and 162 healthy people as the control group were examined. They had been homogenized based on their age and gender. The genotype of individuals for the polymorphism was determined by the PCR‐RFLP method. The association of this polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer, the age of the onset of disease, and pathological characteristics of the patients was then analyzed.

Results

The findings showed that there is no significant correlation between the frequency of its genotypes among the healthy and patient populations while the TT genotype increased the age of the disease in patients, as compared to other genotypes (p = 0.035, OR = 0.487).

Discussion and Conclusion

The C allele is likely to inhibit the expression of BRCA2 by interfering with the processing of this pre‐miRNA and increasing the expression of target genes such as BRCA2. Because one of the early onset genes in breast cancer is the BRCA2, the presence of any of C and T alleles can have a significant effect on the incidence of the disease. To further confirm this data, however, more molecular studies are needed.
AARS2 leukoencephalopathy: A new variant of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Authors: Tang Yi , Qin Qi , Xing Yi , Guo Dongmei , Di Li , Jia Jianping
Published: February 2019

Background

Mutations in the mitochondrial alanyl‐transfer (t)RNA synthetase 2 (AARS2,OMIM:612035) have been linked to leukoencephalopathy recently. Till now, there have been 19 cases reported so far. However, the clinical and genetic characteristics of this disease are not fully understood. We reported an adult‐onset male leukoencephalopathy patient related to novel AARS2 gene mutations and reviewed all previous cases regarding the clinical and genetic features of AARS2 leukoencephalopathy.

Methods

The spectrum of clinical symptoms and the genetic analysis of the presented patient were identified and investigated. Besides this case, we assessed previously reported cases with AARS2 gene mutations.

Results

Here, we present a 30‐year‐old man with progressive motor deficits in the right lower limb and severe cerebellar ataxia for one year. MRI revealed extensive white matter lesions in periventricular regions and along the corticospinal tract. Genetic analysis revealed two new heterogeneous missense mutations in AARS2: c.179C>A and c.1703_1704del. We described the ragged red fiber (RRF) for the first time, suggesting that AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy be a new variant of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Gradual improvement in motor function was observed with intravenous coenzyme complex treatment. We also summarized our case and all previously reported cases to provide an overview of AARS2‐related late‐onset leukoencephalopathy. Then, we compared clinical and neuroimaging features of AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy with three other frequently diagnosed types of adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy to provide insight into diagnostic strategies.

Conclusion

The characteristic MRI abnormalities and clinical symptoms described here may help to distinguish AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy from other adult‐onset leukoencephalopathies. The combination of encephalopathy and myopathy strongly suggest that AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy is a new variant of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. The response to coenzyme complex will shed light on future therapy investigation.
Energy decay of variable‐coefficient wave equation with nonlinear acoustic boundary conditions and source term
Authors: Hao Jianghao , He Wenhua
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we consider a variable‐coefficient wave equation with nonlinear acoustic boundary conditions and source term. Using the Riemannian geometry method, we prove the general energy decay of the system corresponds to the ordinary differential equation (ODE), which certainly is stable under some suitable assumptions.
Interview mit Klaus Roth: „Beim Schreiben stelle ich mir einen Lehrer vor“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: February 2019

Der Chemieprofessor Klaus Roth schreibt am liebsten über Themen, mit denen er sich nicht gut auskennt – über vergnügliche wie über ernste.
Quantenkristallographie
Authors: Grabowsky Simon
Published: February 2019

Ein neuer Wissenschaftszweig ist etabliert: Von der Definition bis zum Lehrbuch hat es zwei Jahre gedauert.
Von elementarem Fluor und gewagten Experimenten
Authors: Kraus Florian
Published: February 2019

Ein Beitrag über das Element Fluor, seine chemischen Eigenschaften, seine einzigartige Reaktivität und sein Vorkommen als elementares F2 auf der Erde. Dazu: Sichere Experimente mit elementarem Fluor für die Lehre und einfache Betrachtungen zur Toxizität von Fluor und Fluoriden.
Abschlusssymposium des Graduiertenkollegs SeleCa
Authors: Schindler Tobias , Spaniol Thomas P. , Tauchert Michael E.
Published: February 2019

Ende November 2018 fand in Aachen das Abschlusssymposium des internationalen Graduiertenkollegs Selectivity in Chemo‐ and Biocatalysis (SeleCa) mit mehr als 100 Teilnehmern statt. 39 Doktoranden aus Osaka und Aachen ergänzten mit Flashpräsentationen und einer Postersession die Fachvorträge von 15 Referenten. Die Vorträge orientierten sich am Fokus des Graduiertenkollegs, in dem zwölf Gruppen der RWTH, zwei Gruppen des Forschungszentrums Jülich und elf Arbeitskreise der Osaka University in Japan kooperieren.
Studieren auf Probe
Authors: Süssmuth Lisa
Published: February 2019

Die Universitäten Frankfurt und Kassel führen Orientierungsstudiengänge in den Naturwissenschaften ein. Start zum Wintersemester 2019/2020.
Energiesysteme gestalten
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: February 2019

Ein virtuelles Institut empfiehlt Kommunen, Power‐to‐X‐Anlagen zu bauen, um das Stromnetz zu entlasten.
BASF: Risikoprojekte
Authors: Remenyi Christian
Published: February 2019

Mit neuen Verfahren will die BASF bis zum Jahr 2030 CO2‐neutral wachsen.
Effect of salt intake reduction on nocturia in patients with excessive salt intake
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiro , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki
Published: February 2019

Aims

To assess the efficacy of salt reduction for improving nocturia in patients with high salt intake.

Methods

Changes in lower urinary symptoms and frequency volume chart by salt intake (men: 8 g/day; women: ≥7 g/day) were analyzed in this prospective study. Patients were instructed to use a brochure for salt intake restriction via interview once every four weeks. The daily salt intake was estimated by using spot urine samples.

Results

Two‐hundred twenty‐three (69.5%) patients were successful in reducing their daily salt intake (S group), whereas 98 (30.5%) patients failed to reduce their salt intake (F group). In the S group, nocturia improved from 2.3 ± 0.9 to 1.4 ± 1.0, and nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) improved from 30.2 ± 7.5 to 27.7 ± 7.3% (P < 0.001). In the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) of the S group, Q3 (urgency) improved from 1.0 ± 1.0 to 0.9 ± 1.0 (P = 0.001); Q1 (diurnal frequency) (P < 0.001), and Q2 (nocturia) also improved (P < 0.001). Moreover, the quality of life parameter improved significantly (P < 0.001). The patients in the F group did not have improvements in any symptom during the study period.

Conclusions

Patients with nocturia who also have high salt intake should be advised to reduce their salt intake, as a lifestyle modification. Our results support the importance of randomized clinical trials with larger populations and the appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria to conclude the clinical usefulness of salt reduction in this patient cohort.
A leverage points perspective on sustainability
Authors: Fischer Joern , Riechers Maraja
Published: February 2019

Drawing on seminal work by the late Donella Meadows, we propose a leverage points perspective as a hitherto under‐recognized heuristic and practical tool for sustainability science. A leverage points perspective focuses on places to intervene in complex systems to bring about transformative change.

A leverage points perspective recognizes increasingly influential leverage points relating to changes in parameters, feedbacks, system design and the intent encapsulated by a given system. We discuss four key advantages of a leverage points perspective.

First advantage: A leverage points perspective can bridge causal and teleological explanations of system change – that is, change is seen to arise from variables influencing one another, but also from how human intent shapes the trajectory of a system.

Second advantage: A leverage points perspective explicitly recognizes influential, ‘deep’ leverage points – places at which interventions are difficult but likely to yield truly transformative change.

Third advantage: A leverage points perspective enables the examination of interactions between shallow and deep system changes – sometimes, relatively superficial interventions may pave the way for deeper changes, while at other times, deeper changes may be required for superficial interventions to work.

Fourth advantage: A leverage points perspective can function as a methodological boundary object – that is, providing a common entry point for academics from different disciplines and other societal stakeholders to work together.

Drawing on these strengths could initiate a new stream of sustainability studies, and may yield both practical and theoretical advances.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Ascertaining the place of library & information science in knowledge management research
Authors: Agarwal Naresh Kumar , Islam Anwarul
Published: February 2019

In the past few years, many researchers and practitioners have shown the value of applying knowledge management (KM) in libraries and other information settings – so as to serve the patron better and to innovate services. However, it is unclear to what extent has mainstream KM literature embraced LIS research as a domain within KM. In this research, we seek to ascertain the place of the LIS field in KM journals by analysing what the top KM journals – as identified by Google Scholar – have published on LIS in the last two decades since the year 2000. We analysed the publication trends, and the distribution of these articles by LIS‐related terms used, region/country and information setting type. We also identified the top‐cited LIS articles from within these and their coverage in different journals and in different years. 83 LIS‐related articles were found within the 4601 research articles published in top KM journals. Only 1.8% of the KM articles were LIS‐related. By showing the relatively low coverage of LIS within KM research, the study demonstrates that LIS researchers/practitioners need to do more to be recognized as an important area within KM. KM journals can also enable greater synergies with LIS for mutual benefit.
Edge perspectives in online scholarly communities: A network analysis of #critlib
Authors: Coombs Philip Espinola , Rhinesmith Colin
Published: February 2019

The use of Twitter by scholars for public engagement is well‐established in the literature. However, fewer studies have looked into the composition of users engaged in scholarly communication on Twitter. This paper considers the degree to which Twitter chats are dominated by established versus emerging or amateur scholars through an investigation of #critlib, a hashtag around which library and information scholars and practitioners have congregated. #critlib Tweets over a period of three months are examined using social network analysis to determine the users most central to the conversation. The findings show that #critlib serves as an important space for emerging and amateur scholars to participate in the co‐creation of knowledge alongside experts in the field of LIS across a dispersed global network. The paper contributes to our knowledge of the #critlib community itself, suggests an impact of social media on the composition of scholarly communities, and deepens our understanding of networked participatory scholarship through the introduction of the idea of edge perspectives.
What do the US West Coast public libraries post on Twitter?
Authors: Karami Amir , Collins Matthew
Published: February 2019

Twitter has provided a great opportunity for public libraries to disseminate information for a variety of purposes. Twitter data have been applied in different domains such as health, politics, and history. There are thousands of public libraries in the US, but no study has yet investigated the content of their social media posts like tweets to find their interests. Moreover, traditional content analysis of Twitter content is not an efficient task for exploring thousands of tweets. Therefore, there is a need for automatic methods to overcome the limitations of manual methods. This paper proposes a computational approach to collecting and analyzing using Twitter Application Programming Interfaces (API) and investigates more than 138,000 tweets from 48 US west coast libraries using topic modeling. We found 20 topics and assigned them to five categories including public relations, book, event, training, and social good. Our results show that the US west coast libraries are more interested in using Twitter for public relations and book‐related events. This research has both practical and theoretical applications for libraries as well as other organizations to explore social media actives of their customer and themselves.
Understanding the information needs of social scientists in Germany
Authors: Kern Dagmar , Hienert Daniel
Published: February 2019

The information needs of social science researchers are manifold and almost studied in every decade since the 1950s. With this paper, we contribute to this series and present the results of three studies. We asked 367 social science researchers in Germany for their information needs and identified needs in different categories: literature, research data, measurement instruments, support for data analysis, support for data collection, variables in research data, software support, networking/cooperation, and illustrative material. Thereby, the search for literature and research data is still the main information need with more than three‐quarter of our participants expressing needs in these categories. With comprehensive lists of altogether 154 concrete information needs, even those that are only expressed by one participant, we contribute to the holistic understanding of the information needs of social science researchers of today.
It ain't what you do, it's the way that you do it: Design guidelines to better support online browsing
Authors: McKay Dana , Buchanan George , Chang Shanton
Published: February 2019

Many authors have proposed guidelines for online browsing systems, however recently empirical research has added depth to these requirements. There has also been a spate of development in online browsing systems, particularly for library shelf browsing. These strands of research are clearly in service of providing better browsing options in an increasingly online library environment, however they have not yet been brought together. In this paper we use a recent empirical study and a survey of the literature to generate a comprehensive list of requirements for browsing interfaces. We will then compare that list to the interface features of a range of different book browsing interfaces, demonstrating why they may be more or less effective, and signpost development of more effective online browsing.
The contribution of information science in the Semantic Web research landscape
Authors: St‐Germain Marielle , Mongeon Philippe
Published: February 2019

Semantic Web and Linked Data promise to change the way we identify, classify, share, find and reuse information by managing and interlinking data so that it can be understood by machines. The benefits identified by the World Wide Web Consortium and other Semantic Web advocates have lead information professionals to explore these possibilities by implementing several initiatives based on Semantic Web technologies in recent years. Just like information science, Semantic Web research is multidisciplinary in nature and can be applied in many different disciplines. In this article, we provide a portrait of research on the Semantic Web using bibliometric methods and investigate the specific contribution of information science literature on the topic. We analyzed 6,438 articles published from 2001 to 2016 retrieved from the Web of Science database to evaluate the evolution of the papers published by discipline and the way the topic was discussed by different discipline. A citation analysis is also conducted.
Demographic factors and trust in different news sources
Authors: Verma Nitin , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Koltai Kolina S.
Published: February 2019

What factors influence trust in different news sources? The goal of this study is to examine the role of various demographic factors: gender, age, educational attainment, political leaning, and frequency of social media use. This paper reports relevant results from a crowdsourced experimental study focusing on reporting of science news online. Significant findings include that conservatives place higher trust in fake news than moderates (p < 0.05), liberals place higher trust in mainstream media than moderates (p < 0.05), liberals place higher trust in scientific journals than conservatives (p < 0.01) and moderates (p < 0.05), and less frequent users of social media place higher trust in fake news than do more frequent users of social media (p < 0.05). Based on these results, political leaning and frequency of social media use influence trust in fake news, while political leaning also influences trust in mainstream media and scientific journals. These findings shed new light on the important issue of trust in news sources, illustrating the importance of considering political leaning and frequency of social media use in assessing trust in different news sources. These results further underscore the current degree of polarization present in the American public's perceptions of different online science news sources.
Understanding multilingual web users' code‐switching behaviors in online searching
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Komlodi Anita , Ka Omar
Published: February 2019

The availability of information in different languages on the Internet allows multilingual web users to search in multiple languages for the same search task. When searchers can search in multiple languages, they may combine these languages in various ways during searching. Few studies have examined multilingual web users' language switching behaviors in two or more languages online, specifically their code‐switching search patterns. This research investigates native Chinese web users' code‐switching (Chinese‐English) search patterns in their information seeking process through controlled lab experiments and interviews. Results reveal three general code‐switching search models for multilingual web users for their search tasks. Findings highlight factors and reasons for multilingual web users' situational and metaphorical code‐switching during their information search on the Web. We find that multilingual web users switch code situationally due to pragmatic reasons such as information sufficiency, language proficiency, information verification, context, and translation. Metaphorical code‐switching behaviors were motivated by the searchers' language image, cultural perspective, website credibility, sense of belonging, and psychological acceptance. We also investigate these users' code‐switching search strategies. The study aims to provide design implications for website design concerning multilingual web users' code‐switching search strategies, habits, and needs.
Exploring visual representations to support data re‐use for interdisciplinary science
Authors: Wiggins Andrea , Young Alyson , Kenney Melissa A.
Published: February 2019

Data discovery and re‐use remain challenging, particularly for interdisciplinary research, but visual representations of data may have potential to better support these tasks than text‐only metadata records. Our multi‐stage exploratory study used think‐aloud and intercept interviews to evaluate how scientists across multiple disciplines interpret the content and evaluate the credibility of climate indicators designed for general audiences as a way to understand the potential of visual representations for supporting interdisciplinary research. Climate indicators provided a convenient alternate representation for describing a data set, featuring a visualization of the data along with vernacular textual description. Our contributions include (i) findings on the preferences of scientists from multiple disciplines for establishing the credibility and assessing the content of data for re‐use, (ii) the unexpected observation that a minimal set of core metadata was considered adequate by researchers examining data from outside of their specialties, and (iii) discussion of the implications for the design of data discovery interfaces and future research to support data discovery and re‐use by increasingly diverse scientific data consumers.
Investigating youth learning and data: Contexts, concepts, and connections
Authors: Acker Amelia , Bilal Dania , Bowler Leanne , Garcia Patricia , Meyers Eric M. , Zhang Yan
Published: February 2019

This panel presents research that has explored young people in relation to data traces in digital, networked platforms supported and made accessible through Internet connected devices, applications, and platforms, asking the question: how might we help youth, as data subjects, gain a sophisticated understanding of data, including the processes involved in data creation, collection, curation, and aggregation with networked devices, platforms, and information services? Panelists will convene around the impact of these new technologies in youths' lives by presenting a range of empirical research on search engines, identity‐based gaming, literacy groupware for children, and data literacy programming for youth in public libraries.
Digital liaisons: Connecting diverse voices to support an ethical and sustainable information future in digital libraries
Authors: Grguric Ekatarina , Khan Nushrat , Gamble Alyson , Hockin Tamarack , Dressler Virginia
Published: February 2019

Digital Liaisons is a platform for including student and early career voices in open dialogue with practitioners and researchers who work in or adjacent to the field of Digital Libraries. It has taken several forms over the last few years, ranging from a poster session, to an unconference‐style panel, to moderated Twitter chats. This year we are proposing to merge two of these approaches: a series of Twitter chats that provide mentor‐mentee connections for early career practitioners, and a panel which reports on the outcomes of these chats and concludes with a digital poster session for students and early‐career practitioners. The merger of Twitter chats and a digital poster session will provide two ways for participants to interact with the theme of this year's conference and will allow sharing their views and experiences.
Beyond fairness, accountability, and transparency in the ethics of algorithms: Contributions and perspectives from LIS
Authors: Hoffmann Anna Lauren , Roberts Sarah T. , Wolf Christine T. , Wood Stacy
Published: February 2019

Recent debates have revealed the urgent need for work addressing social and ethical implications of the algorithmic and data‐driven systems that govern our lives. Focusing largely on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), conversations among scholars, journalists, and advocates have started to address questions of fairness, bias, transparency, access, participation, and discrimination often under the monikers “AI and Ethics” (AI+Ethics) or “fairness, accountability, and transparency in algorithms” (FAT*). Underlying these discourses are concerns about how to mitigate discrimination and bias in data, as well as open questions over whether algorithmic systems can be fair and if their use will help promote equitable futures (or instead further perpetuate existing inequalities). Despite the seeming “newness” of these issues, many of the underlying concerns have a longstanding tradition and intellectual lineage in the library and information science (LIS) field. In this panel, we will discuss and elaborate on these connections, drawing on our research and experiences in a number of contexts and outlining opportunities these relationships present for future research and engagement.
How does health happen in public libraries? Ethical and emerging issues
Authors: Lenstra Noah , Rubenstein Ellen L. , Smith Catherine Arnott , Flaherty Mary Grace , Gibson Amelia N.
Published: February 2019

The past five years have featured increased multidisciplinary interest in how health happens in public libraries. This panel will explore ethical and emerging issues associated with conducting research on this topic. After lightning talks from five panelists, the audience will engage in interactive, small group discussions focused on how we can form and sustain meaningful research relationships with public libraries and public librarians, for health‐related and for other research. Through this discussion, we will outline new research directions on how health happens in public libraries and challenge ourselves to do more to understand this and other processes in public libraries.
Publication quality, peer review and predatory journals
Authors: Seadle Michael
Published: February 2019

Academic tenure and promotion decisions typically involve judgements about quality and generally require authors to publish in peer‐reviewed venues. Even though peer review is known to be imperfect, it remains a widely accepted quality assurance mechanism. Nonetheless in recent times attacks on traditional peer review have come from multiple sources, including concerns about effectiveness, calls for open peer review, and predatory publishers. The panel will discuss these and related issues.
Comparing features of fabricated and legitimate political news in digital environments (2016‐2017)
Authors: Asubiaro Toluwase Victor , Rubin Victoria L.
Published: February 2019

With the problem of ‘fake news’ in the digital media, there are efforts at creation of awareness, automation of ‘fake news’ detection and news literacy. This research is descriptive as it pulls evidence from the content of online fabricated news for the features that distinguish fabrications from the legitimate political news around the time of the U.S. Presidential Elections (276 articles in total, from November 2016 ‐ June 2017). Certain stylistic and psycho‐linguistic features of fabrications may be apparent to the news readers: fewer words and paragraphs but longer paragraphs, more slangs, swear words and affective words in the stories. Such features could be used for educational information literacy campaigns for spotting so‐called ‘fake news’. Other informative features may require specialized analytical tools (or further training) to notice the presence of more words, punctuation marks, demonstratives and emotiveness in fabrications but fewer verifiable facts (or named entities) in their headlines.
Landscape of knowledge sciences in JASIST
Authors: Bedford Denise A. D. , Bekbalaeva Jyldyz
Published: February 2019

This poster describes a research project in progress to map the historical and current published and grey literature of the field of knowledge management/knowledge sciences. The research describes the mapping of 11,820 JASIS papers to the landscape of knowledge sciences. The mapping is grounded on the automated classification and automated indexing of the individual papers leveraging a semantic profile and the SAS Content Categorization Suite. The semantic profile was created from the knowledge sciences classification scheme and thesaurus developed by Bedford (2015). The results suggest that JASIS papers and the research being published by ASIST members have some alignment with the field of knowledge sciences. The research is concentrated in three primary facets, including (1) Knowledge Asset Management; (2) Knowledge Technologies; and (3) Communities and Collaboration. Within these three facets there are clear pockets of concentration. The results further suggest that the research methodology can be applied to other sources.
Information encountering by an art historian: A methodological case study
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A. , Bossaller Shann , Erdelez Sanda
Published: February 2019

Research activities of humanities scholars are complex. Novel methodologies are needed to facilitate investigation of their information behavior processes. This poster presents a case study designed to evaluate use of information encountering (IE) model as a methodological framework for soliciting rich feedback about serendipity in information behavior via research activities of an art historian. The preliminary findings reveal intricate connections between information encountering and searching that evolve over a long period of time.
How “enhanced” are they? An exploratory analysis of journals in information science
Authors: Curty Renata Gonçalves , Delbianco Natalia Rodrigues
Published: February 2019

This poster presents early findings from an ongoing study which investigates to what extent Information Science journals have been adopting enhanced properties and attributes. Based on a set of requirements derived from the literature and complemented by an empirical study we analyzed eight journals. Preliminary results reveal that the Journal for the Association of Information Science and Technology is the leading journal, and that user‐generated content related features and interactive content are missing in our sample. We expect this research will not only contribute to the conceptual understanding of enhanced features and tools functions and applications, but also provide valuable information for editors and publishers to rethink about journals' platforms and better align them to current innovations in academic publishing.
Educators' perceptions of information literacy and skills required to spot ‘fake news’
Authors: Delellis Nicole S. , Rubin Victoria L.
Published: February 2019

This research examines the concept of ‘fake news’ in the context of information literacy (IL) in a post‐secondary educational setting. Educators' perceptions shape both IL curricula and classroom discussions with students. We conducted 18 interviews with members of 3 integral groups implementing IL education (8 professors, 6 librarians, 4 department chairs). Interviews explored participants' perceptions of: IL education, perceived skills associated with IL, skills required to spot ‘fake news’, and gauged our participants' willingness to incorporate segments dedicated to detecting ‘fake news’ in IL curriculum. Our qualitative findings identify a substantial overlap that exists between skills associated with IL and ‘fake news’ detection (e.g., close‐reading, critical disposition, bias awareness). Professors and academic administrators also appeared to underappreciate the role of librarians as IL educators. We advocate improving communication among integral facilitators of IL education. More research is needed to assess effectiveness of IL education as an ‘inoculation’ against ‘fake news.‘
Video‐based consensus annotations for learning: A feasibility study
Authors: Dodson Samuel , Freund Luanne , Yoon Dongwook , Fong Matthew , Kopak Rick , Fels Sidney
Published: February 2019

Video‐based learning is increasingly common in higher education; however, the video players available make limited use of logged interaction data to support and guide students' viewing. In this work in progress, we explore the feasibility of aggregating students' annotations of videos (e.g., highlights, notes, and tags) to identify “hot spots,” which can signal areas of interest to subsequent learners. We conducted a deployment study with 315 undergraduate students using ViDeX, a video player designed for active viewing. We logged students' use of ViDeX for four months, and then aggregated and graphed their annotations across 13 instructional videos. Our results show that consensus annotations—the video content that has received attention from many students— may be a feasible, data‐driven way to flag information for use by subsequent learners.
Helpful information to whom? An intersectional critique of the ‘it gets better project
Authors: Hawkins Blake , Andalibi Nazanin , Haimson Oliver
Published: February 2019

The ‘It Gets Better Project’ started as an online campaign responding to the suicide deaths of multiple young gay men in Fall 2010. The campaign involved people posting videos providing messages of hope and helpful health information for youth as they finish high school and can move on with their lives. Although there is seemingly good intentions driving this this campaign, we were troubled by the initial positioning of the campaign. In this paper we use an intersectional critique to discuss the lack of inclusivity in these videos and how it created a potential opportunity to engage with more LGBTQ youth. Furthermore, we suggest that future online campaigns for gender/sexual minority populations be more mindful of others' lived experiences and how this may impact how they seek health information.
Why do people come? The factors influencing public library visits
Authors: Huang Li‐Min , Tahamtan Iman
Published: February 2019

Current study investigates what variables, including expenditures, services, and collections, can predict the total annual public library visits (VISITS) in the United States. The data source was the 2015 Public Library Service data and reports, and a multiple regression model was used to analyze the data in the R programming language. Results indicated that the best variables for predicating VISITS were a library's total operating expenditures, usage of public Internet‐enabled computers per year, audio‐physical units, total children programs, and video‐physical units. The best subset model for predicting VISITS included the total number of public libraries, total operating ex‐penditures, print materials, audio‐physical units, total children programs, total young programs, and the usage of public Internet‐enabled computers per year.
Social tagging and name authorities: Popular music information discovery
Authors: Stanwicks Kabel Nathan , Iyer Hemalata
Published: February 2019

The study examines the alignment of user tags with Name authority attributes of popular music artist names. The authors found 65% of the tags mapped to Resource Description and Access Name authority data. User tags provide more granular genre information than Name authority records; therefore, user tags can enhance retrieval based on genre.
Improving access to API documentation for developers with Docs‐as‐Code‐as‐a‐service
Authors: Thomchick Richard
Published: February 2019

Web Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) provide the connective tissue that developers need to integrate Internet services and create “software‐as‐a‐service” (SaaS) applications. To learn an API's usage, developers often turn to their web browsers to access documentation and try out APIs. However, traditional approaches to documentation present obstacles that can hamper API comprehension and developer productivity. To overcome these obstacles, practitioners are adopting a new approach called Docs‐as‐Code, in which documents are published with many of the same tools and practices used to deploy source code. In this paper, we present Dev Center, a system based in part on the Docs‐as‐Code framework and designed to provide ubiquitous access to a broad set of API documentation resources. Preliminary findings suggest that Dev Center could potentially improve API comprehension and developer productivity, while Docs‐as‐Code could benefit related research efforts.
Collaboration and friendship of scholars: A dual network analysis
Authors: Wang Xianwen , Cui Yunxue , Xu Shenmeng
Published: February 2019

In this study, we analyze the dual network of scholars' co‐authorship and online friendship. We conduct comparisons of these two networks in the field of scientometrics. Using co‐authorship data of publications and following data on ResearchGate, we extract the co‐authorship network and online friendship network, respectively. The results reveal several topological differences between these two networks. The edges of co‐authorship network are more decentralized than the online friendship network. Moreover, the co‐authorship network has a clear community structure, while the online friendship network has clustered communities. However, the two networks have a strong internal relationship. Specifically, the co‐authorship intensity has an impact on the formation of social relations. The academic social network promotes the integration of and scholarly communication among academic communities.
Advancing open data: Aligning education with public sector data challenges
Authors: Weber Nicholas M. , Pamer Carole L. , Norlander Bree
Published: February 2019

LIS education has invested heavily in workforce development for data services in research institutions, however little work has been done on open data competencies needed in public libraries and government agencies. The Open Data Literacy (ODL) project is working to prepare students to build infrastructure and to curate and sustain open data resources for the public by advancing data curation and data science curriculum and providing field experiences in collaboration with city and state agencies. To determine the expertise students need to meet workforce demands, we are examining the current data challenges faced by these public sector organizations. Based on the first year of student field experiences, we found that data organization and access, data quality, and data visualization were prominent areas of competency needed across the sites. While these areas are captured to some degree in current frameworks meant to catalog “data expertise” we find that additional competencies are required, in particular the need for developing and following metadata standards, evaluation and use of storage and cloud services, APIs, law and ethics, and public sector and not‐for‐profit organization knowledge. In future work these emerging areas of data expertise will be prioritized and deepened in our curriculum and better articulated for application in data education more generally.
“Bouncing ideas”: When participants use this phrase, what do they really mean?
Authors: Willson Rebekah
Published: February 2019

In a qualitative study of the information behavior of early career academics transitioning from doctoral studies to their first continuing academic positions, participants used the phrase “bouncing ideas” with relative frequency to describe their interactions with colleagues. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, interviews with 20 early career academics were analyzed and for themes and sub‐themes. “Bouncing ideas” emerged as a sub‐theme, related to collegial information exchange, an important way early career academics find workplace information. Despite its common usage, the term remained vague in participant discussions and unexamined in the information science literature. This poster will investigate the meaning of “bouncing ideas” as used by participants, exploring its potential constituent parts including: information seeking, information sharing, collaboration, and information creation. ASIS&T conference attendees will be encouraged to think about and actively engage in discussion about the phrase, in an attempt to answer the research question, What does “bouncing ideas” mean?