bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity of Purple Rosella Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Combination as Nutraseutical
Authors: Sari Intan Permata , Noviani Yuslia , Rachmadi Ridwan , Mumpuni Esti
Published: August 2023

A nutraceutical is a functional food containing natural components that have the potential for health, especially from medicinal plants. The purple rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), one of many therapeutic plants that have been effectively transformed into herbal products, is one such example. High quantities of anthocyanin are found in bioactive substances found in rosela flowers. This study aims to formulate and determine the antioxidant activity of purple rosela flower in combination with red ginger and cinnamon bark. Following the liking test, which includes the organoleptic test, and the calculation of shelf life with the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method, the brewed tea formulation was kept to determine the total content of phenolate. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) method. This study obtained an average result of 0,38±0,05% for the total phenol content of the three formulas. Formula I, II, and III showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 21.59 g/mL, 27.13 g/mL, and 20.05 g/mL, respectively. Organoleptic observations that have been observed for 20 days at three different temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 37°C) in the three formulas indicate no change in color, aroma, or taste, indicating the product remains stable. Based on the score results, the most preferred by panelists was Formula I, with its composition of purple, rose and red ginger.
Comparison of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Indonesian Propolis Extracted with Various Solvents.
Authors: Pratami Diah Kartika , Eksadita Nur Elistiani , Sahlan Muhamad , Mun’im Abdul , Bayu Asep , Mahira Kaysa Faradis
Published: August 2023

Propolis is a widely used medicine that may be found in both its pure form and when combined with othernatural ingredients in over-the-counter preparations, cosmetics, and health foods. Some customers develop alcohol sensitivity after using ethanol, which is a common solvent to extract propolis. As propolis solvents, various Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NaDES) were examined in this study. Choline chloride, propylene glycol, glycerol, citric acid, and 1,2-propanediol were combined in molar ratios to create some of the NaDES that were employed. Propolis and solvents were used in a kinetic maceration ratio for the extraction process. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total phenolic content (TPC), and the DPPH assay was used to measure antioxidant activity. In ethanol and NaDES solvents, the TPC of propolis extract ranged from 136.52 ± 27.9 to 365.8 ± 20.54 mgGAE/g. The values for antioxidant activity were 45.94 to 183.76 ppm. The propolis extract with the lowest IC50 and the highest TPC content was choline chloride-glycerol (CCG). It was discovered that the optimum NaDES solvent for extracting propolis was CCG-based. NaDES may be a potential solvent for use in Indonesian propolis, both as an extraction medium and as a formulation element.
ﺍﻫﺗﺯﺍﺯ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻧﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﺙ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﺧﻠﻑ
Published: August 2023

ﺸــﻐﻝ اﻟرﺼــﺎﻓﻲ ﻓــﻲ ﻋﺼــرﻩ وﻤﺎﺒﻌــدﻩ. وﻛــﺎن ﻤدرﺴــﺔ ﺘﺠﻠــﻰ ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ اﻟﻛﺜﻴــر ﻤــن

اﻟﻤﺒـﺎدئ واﻵ ارء اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ واﻟطﺎﻟﺤـﺔ وﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﻤواﻗـف اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀـﺔ واﻟﺤﺴـﻨﺔ وﻤـﻊ

ﻫـذا ﻓﻬـو ﻋﻠـم ﻤـن أﻋـﻼم اﻟﺸـﻌر اﻟﻌ ارﻗـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﺼـر اﻟﺤـدﻴث. وﺠواﻨـب ﺸـﻌرﻩ وﺤﻴﺎﺘـﻪ

ظﻠت ﻟﻌﻘود طوﻴﻠﺔ ﻤوﻀـوﻋﺎً ﻟد ارﺴـﺎت وأطـﺎرﻴﺢ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴـرة وﻛﺘـب ﻋـن ﺸـﻌرﻩ اﻟﻛﺜﻴـر

اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﺒﺤوث وﻟﻛن ﻤﻊ ﻫذا ﻴﺒﻘﻰ دﻴواﻨـﻪ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺎً ﺜـ اًر ﻟد ارﺴـﺎت ﻻﺘﻨﺘﻬـﻲ ﻟﺴـﺒب وﺠﻴـﻪ

وﻫـﻲ ان اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻷدﺒﻴـﺔ ﻻﻴﻤﻛـن ﺤﺼـرﻫﺎ وﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻬـﺎ أو اﻟﻘـوﻝ ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎﺌﻬـﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ أو ﻫﻨـﺎك

ﻓﻛﻝ ﻴﻨظر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤوﻀوع اﻟذي ﻴﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﻤن وﺠﻬﺔ ﻨظر ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺒوﻝ واﻟـرﻓض وﻫـذا

ﻤﺎﻴﻤﻴز اﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻷدﺒﻴﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺼـرﻓﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗـد ﻴﺴـﺘﻨﻔذ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻻﺒـداع ﻋﻨـد اﻟﺒﻠـوغ

 

ﻟدرﺠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌض ﻤوﻀوﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ.

وﻤــن ﻤوﻀــوﻋﺎت ﺸــﻌر اﻟرﺼــﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻋﻨــﻲ ﺒﻬــﺎ اﻟﺒــﺎﺤﺜون ﻤوﻀــوع (اﻟﻌﻠــم

واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم) وﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻔردات ﻨﺎﻟـت أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﻟـدى اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر وﻛﺎﻨـت ﻤﺤـو اًر ﻤـن اﻟﻤﺤـﺎور

اﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ دار ﺸـﻌرﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ. وﻨﺤـن إذ ﻨدرﺴـﻬﺎ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻻﻨدرﺴـﻬﺎ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟ ازوﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ

ﺒﺤﺜﻬﺎ اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴن أي ﻀﻤن إطﺎر اﻟﺸﻌر اﻹﺼﻼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﺸـﺎﻋر ٕواﻨﻤـﺎ ﻨ ارﻫـﺎ ﻤـن

ﺨـﻼﻝ وﺠﻬـﺔ ﻨظـر ﺠدﻴـدة. ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻨظـرة ﺘﻨطﻠـق ﻤـن ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ ﻫـذا اﻟﻨـوع ﻤـن اﻟﺸـﻌر ﻋـن

اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ رؤﻴﺘـﻪ ﻟﻠـدﻴن واﻟﺘـ ارث أو ﺒﻌﺒـﺎرة أﺨـرى أﺜـر اﻟـدﻴن واﻟﺘـ ارث ﻓـﻲ رؤﻴـﺔ

 

اﻟرﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻠم واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم.

وﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻻﺒـد ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻤـن اﺴـﺘﺨ ارج ﺸـﻌر اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ دﻴواﻨـﻪ اﻟﻀـﺨم

واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠـق ﺒﻤوﻀـوع اﻟﻌﻠـم واﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم وﺒﻴـﺎن ﺘـﺄﺜﻴر رؤﻴـﺔ اﻟرﺼـﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻬـذﻩ اﻟـدﻋوة ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ

ﺘﺠﺎذﺒﻬــﺎ أو ﺘﻨﺎﻓرﻫــﺎ ﻤــﻊ ﻤوﻀــوﻋﻲ اﻟــدﻴن واﻟﺘــ ارث. وﻤــن ﻫﻨــﺎ ﻓﻘــد ﺸــﻐﻝ اﻟﺒﺤــث ﻋــدة
ﺣﺭﺏ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺯﻣﺑﺎﺑﻭﻳﺔ ۱۹۸۰ ­۱۹٦٦
Authors: ﻋﻔﺭﺍء ﻋﻁﺎ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻡ
Published: August 2023

ﻓــﻲ أواﺌــﻝ اﻟﺴــﺘﻴﻨﺎت وﻗﻔــت اﻨظﻤــﺔ اﻟﻤﺴــﺘوطﻨﻴن اﻟﺒــﻴض اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒــﺔ ﺒوﺠــﻪ إﻗﺘ ارﺤــﺎت

ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴـﺎ ﺘطرﺤﻬـﺎ ﻷﻋطـﺎء ﺤـق اﻟﺤﻛـم ﻟﻸﻏﻠﺒﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ رودﻴﺴـﻴﺎ اﻟﺠﻨوﺒﻴـﺔ (ﺴـﻤﻴت

رودﻴﺴـﻴﺎ ﺴـﻤن ﻗﺒـﻝ ﻨظـﺎم أﻴـﺎن ﺴـﻤث اﻟـذي اﻋﻠـن أﺴـﺘﻘﻼﻝ زﻴﻤﺒـﺎﺒوي ﻏﻴـر اﻟﻘـﺎﻨوﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ

١١ ﺘﺸرﻴن اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺴﻨﺔ ١٩٦٥ ﺘﺤت ﺤﻛم اﻷﻗﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎء واﻻﻨﻔﺼـﺎﻝ ﻋـن ﺤﻛـم اﻟﺘـﺎج

 

اﻟﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻲ) (١) ٬ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻝ اﻟﺒﻌﻴد.

ﻟﻘد وﻀﻊ اﻟزﻋﻤﺎء اﻟوطﻨﻴون اﻷﻓﺎرﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠك اﻟﺤﻘﺒﺔ ﺜﻘﺘﻬم ﻓـﻲ ﻨواﻴـﺎ ﺒرﻴطﻨﻴـﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠـﻲ

ﻋـن اﻻﺴـﺘﻌﻤﺎر ٬ ﻟﻛـن اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ ﻟـم ﺘﻛـن ﻓـﻲ ﻤوﻗﻌﻬـﺎ. إذ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴـﺎ ﺴـﻠطﺔ اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻌﻤرة

اﻷﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ٬ واﻨﻬـﺎ وأن ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻗـد ﻤﻨﺤـت اﻟﻤﺴـﺘوطﻨﻴن اﻟﺤﻛـم اﻟـذاﺘﻲ اﻟـداﺨﻠﻲ ﻋـﺎم ١٩٢٣

ﻓﻘـد أﺤﺘﻔظـت ﺒﺤﻘﻬـﺎ (اﻟـذي ﻟـم ﺘﻤﺎرﺴـﻪ ﻗـط) ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻌـدﻴﻝ او رﻓـض أي ﺘﺸـرﻴﻊ ﻴﻀـﻌﻪ

اﻟﻤﺴــــــــــﺘوطﻨون ٬ ﻟــــــــــذﻟك واﺼــــــــــﻝ اﻟزﻋﻤــــــــــﺎء أﻤﺜــــــــــﺎﻝ ﺠوﺸــــــــــوا ﻨﻛوﻤــــــــــو

٬ (Joshua Nkomo) اﻻﺼــ ارر ﻋﻠــﻰ أﺘﺒــﺎع أﺴــﻠوب اﻻﺤﺘﺠــﺎج اﻟﺴــﻠﻤﻲ وﺸــﺒﻪ

اﻟدﺴـﺘوري ورﻛـزوا ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻗﻨـﺎع اﻻﻤـم اﻟﻤﺘﺤـدة واﻟـدوﻝ اﻟﺼـدﻴﻘﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻓرﻴﻘﻴـﺎ واﻟﺤﻛوﻤـﺎت

 

اﻻﺨرى ان ﺘﻀﻐط ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒرﻴطﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘدﺨﻝ ﻤﺒﺎﺸرةً ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻟزﺒوري. (٢)

ﻟﻘـــد ﻛـــﺎن ﻨﻛوﻤـــو ٬ وﻫـــو ﻋﺎﻤـــﻝ ﺴـــﺎﺒق ﻟـــﻪ ﻋﻼﻗـــﺎت اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـــﺔ وﻨﻘـــﺎﺒﻲ وواﻋـــظ

ﺒروﺘﺴـﺘﺎﻨﺘﻲ ٬ زﻋـﻴم اﻟﺤرﻛـﺔ اﻟوطﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟزﻤﺒﺎﺒوﻴـﺔ ﺤﺘـﻰ ﻋـﺎم ١٩٦٣ ﺒـﻼ ﻤﻨـﺎزع ٬ وﻋﻨـدﻤﺎ

 

(١) ﺒطرس ﺒطرس ﻏـﺎﻟﻲ ٬ اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎت اﻟدوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ إطـﺎر ﻤﻨظﻤـﺔ اﻟوﺤـدة اﻻﻓرﻴﻘﻴـﺔ ٬ اﻟﻘـﺎﻫرة ٬١٩٧٤ ٬

ص .٣٩٨

 

(٢) ﻋﻠـﻲ أي ﻓروﻋـﻲ وﻤﺎﻴﻛـﻝ ﺘﺎﻴـدي ٬ اﻟﻘوﻤﻴـﺔ واﻟـدوﻝ اﻟﺠدﻴـدة ﻓـﻲ اﻓرﻴﻘﻴـﺎ ٬ ﺘرﺠﻤـﺔ ﺸـﺎﻛر ﻨﺼـﻴف ٬

ج ٬١ ﺒﻐداد ٬١٩٩٠ ٬ ص .٣٢٩
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﻳﺗﺎﻧﻳﻭﻡ TiO 2 ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺿﺭﺓ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺳﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ
Authors: ﺻﺑﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻳﻭﻱ ﺿﺑﻊ
Published: August 2023

ُﺤﻀرت أﻏﺸـﻴﺔ اوﻛﺴـﻴد اﻟﺘﻴﺘـﺎﻨﻴوم TiO 2 اﻟرﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﺒطرﻴﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺴـﻴب اﻟﻛﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺤـ ارري

ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗواﻋد ﻤن زﺠﺎج اﻟﺒوروﺴﻠﻴﻛﺎت ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة .( 420 o C ) اظﻬرت ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻨﻤـط ﺤﻴـود

 

اﻻﺸﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ان اﻻﻏﺸﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀرة ذات ﺘرﻛﻴب ﻤﺘﻌدد اﻟﺘﺒﻠور.

اﺸــﺘﻤﻠت اﻟد ارﺴــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺘﺴــﺠﻴﻝ طﻴﻔــﻲ اﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼــﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻴــﺔ ﻻﺴــﻤﺎك ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻤــن

اﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﻋﻨد ﻤدى اﻻطواﻝ اﻟﻤوﺠﻴﺔ ( 300-900 ) nm وﺤﺴﺎب ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻝ اﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎص وﻓﺠوة

اﻟطﺎﻗـﺔﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت. وﻗـد اظﻬـرت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﺘـﺎﺜﻴر ﺘﻐﻴـر ﺴـﻤك اﻟﻐﺸـﺎء ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت

اﻻﻟﻛﺘروﻨﻴـﺔ وﻤﻌﺎﻤـﻝ اﻻﻤﺘﺼـﺎص. وﻛـذﻟك اﻤﻛﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺤـدوث اﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت اﻟﻛﺘروﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة وﻏﻴـر

 

ﻤﺒﺎﺸرة.
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﺩﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺗﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ SnO 2 ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻭﺏ ﺑـ ( Ag 2 O ) ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺿﺭﺓ ﺑﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺳﻳﺏ ﺍﻟﻛﻳﻣﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﻱ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺁﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﻣﺩ ﺧﻠﻑ
Published: August 2023

ﺤﻀـرت أﻏﺸـﻴﺔ SnO 2 وأﻏﺸـﻴﺔ SnO 2 اﻟﻤﺸـوﺒﺔ ﺒــ Ag 2 O اﻟرﻗﻴﻘـﺔ وﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴـب

 

اﻟوزﻨﻴـﺔ (%٥ ٬%٣) ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨدام طرﻴﻘـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺴـﻴب اﻟﻛﻴﻤﻴــﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺤـ ارري ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗواﻋـد ﻤــن

 

زﺠﺎج اﻟﺒوروﺴﻠﻴﻛﺎت ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة .( ٥٠٠ ºC )

 

ﺘﻤـت د ارﺴـﺔ ﻨﻤـط ﺤﻴـود اﻷﺸـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻏﺸـﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀـرة وﺒـدرﺠﺎت ﺤـ اررة

ﺘﻠـــدﻴن .( ٥٤٠ ٬ ٥٨٠ ٬ ٦٢٠) ºC إذ أظﻬـــرت ﻨﺘـــﺎﺌﺞ ﺤﻴـــود اﻻﺸـــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـــﻴﻨﻴﺔ أن

 

اﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ ذات ﺘرﻛﻴب ﺒﻠوري ﻤﺘﻌدد اﻟﺘﺒﻠور.

اﺸﺘﻤﻠت اﻟد ارﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴر درﺠﺔ ﺤ اررة اﻟﺘﻠدﻴن ﻋﻠﯩﻔﺠوة اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻨوﻋﺔ ﻟﻼﻨﺘﻘﺎﻻت

اﻟﻼﻟﻛﺘروﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة إذ ﺘﺒـﻴن ان زﻴـﺎدة درﺠـﺔ ﺤـ اررة اﻟﺘﻠـدﻴن ﺘﺴـﺒﺒت ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻘﺼـﺎن ﻓﺠـوة

 

اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻨوﻋﺔ.
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺻﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺍﻁﺊ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻔﻭﻗﻳﻥ ﻋﻘﻠﻳﺎ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﺃﺣﻼﻡ ﺷﻬﻳﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﺎﻫﻠﻲ
Published: August 2023

أﺸﺎرت ﺒﻌض اﻟد ارﺴﺎت إﻟﻰ وﺠود ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻴن اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ

اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ ﻤﻤـﺎ دﻋـﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼـﻴن ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠــﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﻔـوق اﻟﻌﻘﻠـﻲ اﻟـﻰ اﺴـﺘﺨدام ﻤﺴـﺘوى اﻟﺘﺤﺼــﻴﻝ

اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ اﻷﻛـﺎدﻴﻤﻲ أﺴﺎﺴـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻌرﻴـف اﻟﻤﺘﻔـوق ﻋﻘﻠﻴـﺎ وﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼـﻪ. وﻴﺴـﺘﻨد ﻫـذا اﻻﺘﺠـﺎﻩ اﻟـﻰ

ﻤﺴﺎﻟﺔ أﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ٬ ﻫﻲ إن ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻝ اﻟﻔـرد ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ واﻟﺤﺎﻀـر ﻤـن أﻛﺜـر اﻟوﺴـﺎﺌﻝ ﺼـدﻗﺎ ﻓـﻲ

اﻟﺘﻨﺒــؤ ﺒﺘﺤﺼــﻴﻠﻪ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤﺴــﺘﻘﺒﻝ ٬ ﻓﻴــرى "ﺒﺎﺴــو" ( Passow ) إن اﻟﺘﻔــوق ﻫــو اﻟﻘــدرة ﻋﻠــﻰ

اﻻﻤﺘﻴـﺎز ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ ٬ وﻴﺘﻔـق ﻤﻌـﻪ ﻛـﻝ ﻤـن "ﺒﻨﺘﻠـﻲ" ( Bently ) و"ﺴﺘﻨﻛوﻴﺴـت"

.( Stenqusit ) وﻗد ﺤدد "ﺘﻴرﻤﺎن" اﻟﺘﻔـوق ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼـوﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ درﺠـﺎت

أﻋﻠﻰ ﻤن اﻟدرﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺼﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ %٩٠ ﻤن اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴذ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴن ﺤددﻩ "ﻓوﻛس"ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼوﻝ

 

ﻋﻠﻰ درﺠﺎت أﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ %٩٥ ﻤن زﻤﻼﺌﻪ. (ﻤرﺴﻲ ٬١٩٨١ ٬ ص .(٥٢

وﻫﻨﺎك د ارﺴﺎت ﻤﺘﻌددة ﺘﻨﺎوﻟت اﻟﺘﻔوق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌرض ﺤـدﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﻋـن اﻟﺘﻔـوق

اﻟﻌﻘﻠـﻲ ٬ وﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﺴـوغ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻬـﺎ ﻫـذا اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺠﻤـﻊ ﺒـﻴن اﻟﺘﻔـوق اﻟﻌﻘﻠـﻲ واﻻرﺘﻔـﺎع اﻟﻤﻠﺤـوظ

ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ أو اﻟﺘﻔـوق ﻓﻴـﻪ ٬ إن ﻤﻌﺎﻤـﻝ اﻻرﺘﺒـﺎط ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ ﻋـﺎﻝ ﺠـدا ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴـذ اﻟﻤرﺘﻔـﻊ

اﻟـذﻛﺎء ﻋـﺎدة ﻴﻤﻴـﻝ اﻟـﻰ اﻟﺘﻔـوق ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏﻴـرﻩ ﻤـن اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴـذ اﻟـذﻴن ﻫـم دوﻨـﻪ ﻓـﻲ

اﻟﻘد ارت اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ. ﻟذﻟك ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻝ اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻌـد ﻤؤﺸـ ار ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـذﻛﺎء أو ﻴﻤﻛـن اﻟﻘـوﻝ اﻨـﻪ

ﻤؤﺸر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔوق اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ. وﻟﻛن ﻨﻼﺤظ ﻓﻲ اﻟواﻗـﻊ إن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻋـددا ﻟـﻴس ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻠﻴـﻝ ﻤـن اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ

اﻟﻤﺘﻔـوﻗﻴن ﻋﻘﻠﻴـﺎ إﻻ إﻨﻬـم ﻤﻘﺼـرون ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﺼـﻴﻠﻬم اﻟد ارﺴـﻲ إذ ﻟـﻴس ﻤـن اﻟﻤـدﻫش إن ﻨﺠـد

اﻷداء اﻷﻛـﺎدﻴﻤﻲ ﻟـﺒﻌض اﻟطﻠﺒـﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻔـوﻗﻴن ﻴﺨﺘﻠـف ﻋـن أداﺌﻬـم اﻟـذﻫﻨﻲ ﻓﻘـد ﺘوﺼـﻠت ﺒﻌـض

اﻟد ارﺴــﺎت إﻟــﻰ إن ﻨﺴــﺒﺔ ﺘﺘــ اروح ﺒــﻴن %٢٠-١٠ ﻤــن اﻟطﻠﺒــﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘطﻌــﻴن ﻋــن اﻟد ارﺴــﺔ ﻫــم

ﻤﺘﻔوﻗون ظﻬرت ﻤواﻫﺒﻬم ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻤﺒﻛر ﻤن ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬم (زﺤﻠوق ٬١٩٩٧ ٬ ص (١٦٤ وان أﻛﺜـر

ﻤن %٣٠ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺘﺴرﺒﻴن اﻟذﻴن ﻟم ﻴﻛﻤﻠوا د ارﺴﺘﻬم اﻟﺜﺎﻨوﻴﺔ ٬ ﺘزﻴـد ﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ذﻛـﺎﺌﻬم ﻋﻠـﻰ (١٣٥)

وان ﻛﺜﻴـــــــــ ار ﻤـــــــــن اﻟﻤﺘﻔـــــــــوﻗﻴن ﻋﻘﻠﻴـــــــــﺎ ﻛـــــــــﺎﻨوا ﻤـــــــــن اﻟﻤﺘـــــــــﺄﺨرﻴن د ارﺴـــــــــﻴﺎ.

(Webb&Others,1982,p:13-14) . أي إن اﻷداء اﻟﻤدرﺴﻲ ﻟدى اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ ﻗد ﻴﺨﺘﻠـف
ﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﺑﻧﺎء ( ﻓﻌﻝ ) ﻭﺑﻧﺎء (ﻳﻔﻌﻝ ) ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﻡ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺳﻧﺎء ﺣﻣﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺎﺗﻲ
Published: August 2023

(ﻓﻌـﻝ) و( ﻴﻔﻌـﻝ) ﻤـن أﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ٬ واﻟﻔﻌـﻝ رﻛـن ﻤﻬـم ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻨـﺎء

اﻟﺠﻤﻠـﺔ ﻷﻨـﻪ اﻟﻤﺴـﻨد وﻫـو ﻤرﻛـز اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴـق ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠـﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻗـد ﺤظـﻲ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﺒﺎﻫﺘﻤـﺎم

اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة اﻟﻘـداﻤﻰ (١) ﻏﻴـر أن د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻋﻨـد ﺒﻌـض اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻤﺘﺠﻬـﺔ ﻨﺤـو اﻟﻌﻤــﻝ

واﻟﻌﺎﻤﻝ واﻟﻤﻌﻤوﻝ ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﻋﺎﻤﻝ ﻗوي ﻟـﻪ ﺨﺼـﺎﺌص ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ أﻤـﺎ ﻋـن دﻻﻻت

اﻟﻔﻌﻝ ﻓﻘد اﻗﺘﺼروا ﻋﻠﻰ دﻻﻟﺘﻴن ﻓﻘط ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌرﻴﻔﻬم ﻟﻪ وﻫﻤﺎ : دﻻﻟﺔ اﻟﺤـدث ودﻻﻟـﺔ اﻟـزﻤن ٬

ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻫــو ﻤـﺎ دﻝ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺤـدث ﻤﻘﺘــرن ﺒـزﻤن وأطﻠﻘــوا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺒﻨــﺎء (ﻓﻌـﻝ) ﺘﺴــﻤﻴﺔ (اﻟﻔﻌــﻝ

اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ) وﻤـﺎ اﻟـزﻤن اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ ﻓـﻲ اﻟواﻗـﻊ ﺴـوى دﻻﻟـﺔ واﺤـدة ﻤـن ﺒـﻴن دﻻﻻت ﻤﺘﻌـددة

ﻴﻘدﻤﻬﺎ ﻫذا اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﻨظم ٬ وأطﻠﻘـوا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺒﻨـﺎء (ﻴﻔﻌـﻝ) ﺘﺴـﻤﻴﺔ (اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ اﻟﻤﻀـﺎرع) وﻫـذﻩ

اﻟﺘﺴــﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗــﺔ ﻟﻬــﺎ ﺒﺄﻴــﺔ دﻻﻟــﺔ ﻤــن دﻻﻻت ﺒﻨــﺎء (ﻴﻔﻌــﻝ) ٕواﻨﻤــﺎ ﺴــﻤﻲ ﻤﻀــﺎرﻋﺎ

 

ﻟﻤﻀﺎرﻋﺘﻪ اﻷﺴﻤﺎء أي ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻋ ارب .

"وﻋﻠﻰ ﻫذا ﺠرت اﻟﻛﺘب اﻟﻤدرﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌرﻴف اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ" (٢) وﻴﺒـدو أن اﻟﺴـﺒب

ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤدﻴـد اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻋﻨـد اﻟﺘﻌرﻴـف ﺒـدﻻﻟﺘﻲ ( اﻟﺤـدث واﻟـزﻤن ) ﻓﻘـط ﻫـو أن اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة درﺴـوا

اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ ﻤﻨﻔـردا أي ﺨـﺎرج اﻟـﻨظم أو ﺨـﺎرج اﻟﺴـﻴﺎق اﻟـذي ﻴﻛـون ﻓﻴـﻪ ٬ وﻻ ﺘظﻬـر ﻟﻠﻔﻌـﻝ ﻏﻴـر

ﻫﺎﺘﻴن اﻟـدﻻﻟﺘﻴن (اﻟﺤـدث واﺘﺠـﺎﻩ زﻤﻨـﻲ واﺤـد ) ﺨـﺎرج اﻟـﻨظم ٬ وﻟﻛـن ﻋﻨـدﻤﺎ ﻨﻼﺤـظ اﻟﻔﻌـﻝ

داﺨـﻝ اﻟـﻨظم أو داﺨـﻝ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎق اﻟـذي ورد ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺘظﻬـر ﻟﻨـﺎ دﻻﻻت أﺨـرى ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ واﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎت

زﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﻴرة ﺴﺄذﻛرﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻊ اﻻﺴﺘﺸﻬﺎد ﺒﺂﻴﺎت ﻤن اﻟﻘ ارن اﻟﻛـرﻴم ﻟﺘوﻀـﻴﺢ اﻟـدﻻﻻت

 

اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘدﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨظم .
Evaluation of irradiance variability adjustments for subhourly clipping correction
Authors: Hobbs William , Black Chloe , Holmgren William , Anderson Kevin
Published: August 2023

Subhourly changes in solar irradiance can lead to energy models being biased high if realistic distributions of irradiance values are not reflected in the resource data and model. This is particularly true in solar facility designs with high inverter loading ratios (ILRs). When resource data with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution is not available for a site, synthetic variability can be added to the data that is available in an attempt to address this issue. In this work, we demonstrate the use of anonymized commercial resource datasets with synthetic variability and compare results with previous estimates of model bias due to inverter clipping and increasing ILR.
CORECONF, NETCONF, and RESTCONF: Benchmarking Network Orchestration in Constrained IIoT devices
Authors: Ganesh Bhat Mahesh , Bhattacharjee Sushmit , Gündoğan Cenk , Alexandris Konstantinos , Gogolev Alexander
Published: August 2023

Industry 4.0 promises to unlock the new capabilities for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) by transforming a rigid hierarchical automation pyramid into a flatter networked system. IEEE TSN, chosen as one of the Industry 4.0 pillars on the network level, offers mechanisms for deterministic data exchange and high reliability for such systems. Yet, to ensure a flexible and reliable service, a flat networked system requires a more sophisticated orchestration. Consecutively, such orchestration requires certain memory and CPU capacity from the IIoT devices, and the state-of-the art discusses the three candidate protocols, namely: NETCONF, RESTCONF, and CORECONF. This paper analyzes these protocols with a focus on resource-constrained IIoT devices. To compare the parameters a prototype implementation of CORECONF is developed, and extensively benchmarked against other protocols. Results suggest that CORECONF could be the best candidate in terms of time, power, and memory characteristics.
Leveraging SVD Entropy and Explainable Machine Learning for Alzheimer’s and Frontotemporal Dementia Detection using EEG
Authors: Lal Utkarsh , Chikkankod Arjun Vinayak , Longo Luca
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) represent formidable neurodegenerative challenges. Existing research into optimal feature-extraction techniques for discerning pertinent AD/FTD biomarkers from Electroencephalography (EEG) data presents room for enhancement. Addressing this, our study undertakes a comprehensive evaluation of diverse feature-extraction methodologies, encompassing Higuchi's Fractal Dimension, Singular Value Decomposition Entropy, Zero Crossing Rate, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, and Hjorth parameters. Our results highlight SVD Entropy as the superior measure, a finding not deeply explored in previous research with respect to AD/FTD. Furthermore, we aim to design an optimal machine learning pipeline incorporating sliding window segmentation, feature-extraction, and a supervised learning algorithm for discriminating AD/FTD patients from healthy controls. To amplify the interpretability of this study, we harnessed Explainable AI to generate feature-importance topographic brain plots. These plots emphasized the midbrain region's pronounced feature importance in Parkinson's Disease detection, which is consistent with current research, underscoring its efficacy in accurately discerning spatial information from EEG. The final results highlight a model incorporating SVD Entropy, KNN Classifier, and 90% overlapped sliding windows as the best performer, yielding a mean F1-score of 93% with an Accuracy of 91% for AD and HC discrimination, an average F1-score of 92.5% with an Accuracy of 93% for FTD and HC differentiation, and F1-score of 91.5% with an Accuracy of 91% for FTD and AD distinction. This research presents a novel architectural pipeline for detecting AD and FTD from EEG data, addressing the crucial need for accurate differentiation between AD and FTD, especially in the early stages where misdiagnosis is common, while also providing a comparative analysis of various feature-extraction measures.
Leveraging SVD Entropy and Explainable Machine Learning for Alzheimer’s and Frontotemporal Dementia Detection using EEG
Authors: Lal Utkarsh , Chikkankod Arjun Vinayak
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders that often remain undiagnosed until their later stages, where symptoms become nearly irreversible. There is scope to strengthen the ongoing research regarding the optimal feature-extraction methods for capturing relevant AD/FTD biomarkers from Electroencephalography (EEG) data. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of various feature-extraction measures: Higuchi's Fractal Dimension, Singular Value Decomposition Entropy, Zero Crossing Rate, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, and Hjorth parameters. Our results highlight SVD Entropy as the superior measure, a finding not deeply explored in previous research with respect to AD/FTD. Furthermore, we aim to design an optimal machine learning pipeline incorporating sliding window segmentation, feature-extraction, and a supervised learning algorithm for discriminating AD/FTD patients from healthy controls. To amplify the interpretability of this study, we harnessed Explainable AI to generate feature-importance topographic brain plots, illuminating regions with potentially higher degeneration. The results highlight a model incorporating SVD Entropy, KNN Classifier, and 90% overlapped sliding windows as the best performer, yielding a mean F1-score of 93% with an Accuracy of 91% for AD and HC discrimination, an average F1-score of 92.5% with an Accuracy of 93% for FTD and HC differentiation, and F1-score of 91.5% with an Accuracy of 91% for FTD and AD distinction. This research presents a novel architectural pipeline for detecting AD and FTD from EEG data, addressing the crucial need for accurate differentiation between AD and FTD, especially in the early stages where misdiagnosis is common, while also providing an in-depth comparative analysis of various feature-extraction measures.
Gait Design Method for a Snake Robot by Fitting a Non-smooth Backbone Curve
Authors: Lu Jingwen
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a gait design method for a snake robots fit non-smooth backbone curves. Introducing bending angles at the points where the directions of tangent vectors of the backbone curve changes discontinuously breaks the restriction that the left and right limits of tangent vectors at each point on the backbone curve fitting the target shape of the snake robot must be the same, which makes the design of the target trunk curve simpler and more convenient. The method was utilized to design gaits for spanning motions between parallel and intersecting bars. The gaits in both scenarios are demonstrated in simulation to validate the effectiveness of the fitting method and the gaits.
AoI-Minimal Clustering, Transmission and Trajectory Co-Design for UAV-assisted WPCNs
Authors: liu xiaoying , liu huihui , Zheng Kechen , liu jia , Taleb Tarik , Shiratori Norio
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the long-term average age of information (AoI)-minimal problem in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted wireless-powered communication network (WPCN), which consists of a static hybrid access point (HAP), a mobile UAV, and many static sensor nodes (SNs) randomly distributed on multiple islands. The UAV first is fully charged by the HAP, and then flies to each island to charge SNs and receive data from them. Before running out the energy in battery, the UAV flies back to the HAP to offload the received data and be fully charged again. Due to the finite battery capacity of the UAV, it is impossible for the UAV to traverse all the islands to collect all the data from SNs for once flight. We are thus inspired to divide islands into multiple clusters so that the UAV could traverse all the islands in each cluster. The key factors affecting the long-term average AoI contain the hovering duration, the flying duration, and the amount of data from each island reflected by the number of SNs on each island. Therefore, we formulate the long-term average AoI-minimal problem by jointly optimizing the transmit power of SNs, clustering of islands, and UAV's flight trajectory, subject to the battery capacity of the UAV. Since the optimization problem is NP-hard, there are no standard methods to solve it optimally in general. To tackle this problem, we decouple it into two subproblems: the power allocation subproblem for SNs, and the joint clustering of islands and UAV's flight trajectory design subproblem, which is much more perplexed and complicated owing to the tight coupling between them. To solve the first subproblem, we propose a hybrid TDMA and NOMA (HTN) protocol that takes advantage of the two protocols. To solve the second subproblem, we propose a clustering-based dynamic adjustment of the shortest path (C-DASP) algorithm, which is composed of three sub-algorithms, i.e, a proposed merging-aided K-means clustering (MaKMC) algorithm, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm employed to find the shortest path in each cluster, and a proposed dynamic adjustment (DA) algorithm taking into account the number of SNs on each island. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed HTN protocol and C-DASP algorithm.
Transforming the Insurance Industry with Blockchain and Smart Contracts: Enhancing Efficiency, Transparency, and Trust
Authors: Bodemer Oliver
Published: August 2023

This scientific overview explores the application of blockchain technology and smart contracts in the insurance industry. It discusses their impact on various aspects such as claims management, underwriting, policy management, fraud prevention, and emerging trends. The benefits of automation, transparency, and efficiency in claims management are highlighted, along with examples of successful implementation. The potential of blockchain in enhancing underwriting processes and risk assessment through access to trusted data is explained. The advantages of transparent and auditable policy records, policy issuance, and enforcement through smart contracts are discussed. The role of blockchain in combating insurance fraud and its potential to improve trust and transparency are examined. The challenges of scalability, regulation, interoperability, and privacy are addressed, along with strategies for successful adoption. Lastly, the emerging trends of tokenization, parametric insurance, and peer-to-peer insurance are explored, envisioning a transformed insurance landscape driven by blockchain and smart contracts. 
Ascription of Content to Provisions of the Law by Judicial Practice. Theoretical Analysis of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s Judgments
Authors: Rzepiński Wojciech
Published: August 2023

The article examines the way in which the Polish Constitutional Tribunal operates, which involves replacing its own process of interpreting the provisions under review by accepting the interpretation of another court. The objective of the article is to provide a theoretical account of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s conduct to the readers. Therefore, the concepts developed at the Poznan School of Theory of Law are used, namely the distinction between a provision of the law and a legal norm, as well as a distinction between pragmatic and nonpragmatic interpretation. The role of the metatheory used to analyse the Tribunal’s conduct is also played by Robert B. Brandom’s analytic pragmatism. Analytic pragmatism allows the conclusion to be drawn that, through its activity, the Tribunal indicates 1) what an agent must do (within the legal practice) for the vocabulary of normative acts to mean something (PV-sufficiency), and 2) what vocabulary is sufficient to define those practices (VP-sufficiency). The practice of applying the law can be described with the use of the TOTE concept (Test-Operation-Test-Exit). In this case TOTE cycles are open-ended. Therefore, in its further practice, the Tribunal might indicate further practices-or-abilities which are sufficient for the vocabulary of normative acts to mean something.
التعبير في المنحوتات الخزفية العراقية المعاصرة
Authors: تويج المدرس الدكتور عماد
Published: August 2023

إن فن الخزف هو من الفنون العريقة التي كانت بمثابة حلقة الوصل مابين الشعوب القديمة بناءً على تأثره مثل باقي الفنون بمستويات متعددة من حيث مظهره الجمالي او موضوعاته ومن ثم طبيعة اللغة المطروحة وشبكة العلاقات والفواصل التي يمكن من خلالها تحليل طبيعة هذا الفن والمراكز المتحكمة فيه، وقد باتت ظاهرة البحث في التعبير الفني في الإعمال الفنية من الأمور المهمة التي يتوجب دراستها، فالبحث يحاول الخروج بالقانون الذي يتحكم في تجسيد المفاهيم المذكورة وتقديمها تشكيلياً، وعندئذ يمكن ان تحدد مسارات الخزف العراقي وهويته.

أنبنى البحث في ضوء ذلك منهجياً على:-

الفصل الاول (الإطار المنهجي) وفيه مشكلة البحث ،الاهمية، وهدفه، وحدوده وتحديد المصطلحات. اما الفصل الثاني والذي تمثل في الاطار النظري والدراسات السابفة، تضمن الاطار النظري العوامل المهيمنة في توليد التعبير وقسم إلى أربعة محاور رئيسية هي الذاتي والموضوعي ، العمل الفني في تركيبه ، المتلقي. والمحور الرابع أختص بالتعبير في الفن التشكيلي ومن ثم الوصول لأهم المؤشرات التي أسفر عنها الإطار النظري..

اما الفصل الثالث: فقد تضمن إجراءات البحث من مجتمع البحث حيث اختار الباحث من مجتمع بحثه المكون من (36) عمل نحتي خزفي عينة قدرها (5) نماذج واعتماد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في تحليلها.

أما الفصل الرابع فتضمن عرضا لأهم النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث والتي من أهمها تنوع أساليب التعبير الفني واعتماد كل خزاف على عناصر معينة في توليدها، أوصى الباحث بالاهتمام بالقيم التعبيرية ومحاولة أبرازها في الإعمال الخزفية واقترح أجراء دراسة مقارنة في موضوعة التعبير الفني للمنحوتات الخزفية العراقية والمصرية.
دراسة نصية للأدوات البلاغية في خطاب باراك أوباما حول قضية الأسلحة الكيماوية في سوريا
Authors: امين محمد
Published: August 2023

دراسة الأدوات والاستراتيجيات البلاغية التي استخدمها أوباما في خطابه حول "الأسلحة الكيميائية" التي قيل إنها استخدمت في سوريا
تهتم هذه الدراسة بالتحقيق في الأدوات البلاغية والاستراتيجيات التي استخدمها أوباما في خطابه إلى الشعب الأمريكي حول استخدام "الأسلحة الكيميائية" المزعومة في سوريا. تهدف الدراسة للإجابة على الأسئلة التالية:

ما هي الأدوات البلاغية التي استخدمها أوباما في خطابه إلى الأمة؟
ما هي وظائف الأسئلة البلاغية في خطابه؟
كيف استخدم أوباما الجوانب البلاغية في خطابه؟

تفترض الدراسة أن أوباما استخدم العديد من الأدوات البلاغية للتأثير على الرأي العام حول حقيقة ما حدث في سوريا.
Pengaruh Booklet Terhadap Pengetahuan Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Rasimah Ahmad Kota Bukittinggi
Authors: Hasanah Rizqa , Sari Yelly Oktavia , Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Andika Miming
Published: August 2023

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan terapi jangka panjang. Prevalensi hipertensi setiap tahunnya terus mengalami peningkatan, tetapi pengetahuan pasien terhadap pengobatan tergolong masih rendah. Pengetahuan yang lebih baik akan meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dalam pengobatan sehingga tekanan darah lebih terkontrol dan terhindar dari resiko komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh booklet terhadap pengetahuan pasien hipertensi prolanis di Puskesmas Rasimah Ahmad Kota Bukittinggi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental pretest–posttest control group design dengan subjek penelitian 40 responden yang dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok (kontrol dan intervensi). Media intervensi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah booklet. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuisioner HK-LS untuk menilai pengetahuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pasien hipertensi. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks, untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian intervensi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pasien. Dari hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa pemberian booklet memperoleh nilai signifikan (p-value = 0,000), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa, pemberian booklet
Bimekizumab Sebagai Pengobatan Pilihan Psoriasis Vulgaris Tipe Plak
Authors: Sianto Jenifer Putri , Aruan Rompu Roger , Widodo Grace Pujiadi , Widodo Arini Astari
Published: August 2023

Psoriasis merupakan penyakit kulit inflamasi kronis yang dihubungkan dengan predisposisi genetik dan patogen autoimun. Penyakit ini ditandai dengan plak kemerahan dan sisik keperakan yang gatal hebat, bengkak, dan sakit sehingga menurunkan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, cukup banyak terapi yang efektif dalam menangani psoriasis telah dikembangkan, meskipun demikian sebagian pasien tidak mengalami efek apapun ataupun kehilangan efek dari terapi-terapi tersebut dari waktu ke waktu. Tetapi saat ini telah ditemukan terapi baru yaitu Bimekizumab yang merupakan antibodi monoklonal dan diciptakan untuk menghambat IL-17A dan IL-17F secara bersamaan. Bimekizumab telah terbukti mereduksi skor PASI pasien psoriasis plak hingga 100 dengan efek samping minimal dan ringan tanpa imunogenisitas yang terdeteksi. Bimekizumab bekerja dengan jangka waktu yang lebih singkat dengan mencapai PASI 90 pada minggu ke-4 dan mempertahankan respon hingga minggu ke-52. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk membahas keunggulan bimekizumab dibandingkan dengan terapi psoriasis vulgaris lainnya.
Perbandingan Penurunan IMT Pasien Obesitas Morbid yang dilakukan Bedah Bariatrik dan Non-Bedah
Authors: Josephine Clara Valentia , Ury Novelia Ratna , Suparto Suparto
Published: August 2023

Obesitas morbid telah menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia. Sebanyak 55 juta orang dewasa mengalami obesitas morbid. Berbagai pilihan pengobatan ditawarkan, meliputi tindakan non-bedah dan bedah bariatric. Hasil pengobatan dinilai dari Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) pasien yang pada umumnya akan mengalami penurunan. Tujuan pembuatan literature review ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan penurunan IMT pasien obesitas morbid yang dilakukan bedah beriatrik dan non-bedah. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka secara deskriptif terhadap delapan jurnal yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kelayakan. Berdasarkan tinjauan pustaka yang dikaji, diperoleh hasil dari total partisipan 1.903 orang yang diberikan intervensi bedah dan non bedah, presentase penurunan IMT pasien bedah bariatrik tertinggi pada tindakan RYGB yaitu 27.7%-62.9%, sedangkan terapi non-bedah yang hanya 5%. Selain itu, bedah bariatrik memiliki keunggulan yaitu penurunan berat badan dalam waktu yang lebih cepat dan bertahan dalam jangka panjang. Bedah bariatrik merupakan pilihan utama pada pasien dengan obesitas morbid.
The relationship between aeroallergen sensitivity variations and Covid 19 in patients with rhinitis
Authors: Basa Akdoğan Buket , Gültuna Selcan
Published: August 2023

Objective: There have been studies evaluating the association between AR and COVID-19 infection, but these studies did not evaluate the sensitisation of patients. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of allergen sensitisation on the transmission of viral infections and the progression of the disease. 
Material and Methods: Rhinitis patients admitted to the Adult Allergy Outpatient Clinic between April and June 2021 were included in the study. Aeroallergen sensitisation and COVID-19 disease status of the patients were evaluated.
Results: Data were collected from 260 patients. It was determined that 23.8% (n=62) of the patients had COVID-19 and 17.7% (n=11) had COVID-19 pneumonia. This rate was higher than the incidence of COVID-19 in the general population. The rate of COVID-19 infection was significantly higher in patients with pollen allergy compared to other groups (p=0.049). When the COVID-19 transmission periods of the patients were analysed, it was observed that 55% of them were infected between March and September in accordance with the pollen map. Patients taking steroids (INCS or ICS) did not have an increased risk of COVID infection, and concomitant asthma did not pose an increased risk. Having chronic diseases was found to be a risk factor.
Conclusions: This study provides clinical evidence of an increased frequency of infection in AR patients, especially in AR patients with pollen allergy. This result is valuable as it is a data not presented in existing studies. We also think that the risk of COVID-19 increases with pollen exposure. As pollen can suppress antiviral immunity, we recommend that chronic disease groups pay special attention to prevention methods, especially when pollen and respiratory virus seasons overlap.
Thyroid hormone profile in patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and its relation with mortality
Authors: Dal Evren , Topacoglu Hakan
Published: August 2023

Objective: Thyroid hormones have an important role in the cardiovascular system function. As maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, even small fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels can increase cardiovascular-related mortality. This study aims to investigate the correlation between thyroid hormone disorders and mortality among patients admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and diagnosed with myocardial infarction.
Material and Methods: The primary objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate individuals who were admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, focusing specifically on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI). The study comprised a total of 70 patients who were enrolled as participants and various parameters including age, gender, medical history of chronic diseases, routine blood parameters, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, as well as measurements of free T3, free T4, and TSH were recorded. Additionally, diagnoses, discharge status, and in-hospital mortality were documented. The relationship between the mortality status of the patients and the observed changes in the current thyroid function tests was evaluated.
Results: The study encompassed a cohort of patients with a mean age of 64.46 ± 15.64 years (minimum: 29, maximum: 92), of which 22 individuals (31.4%) were female, and 48 (68.6%) were male. While no significant difference was found in the comparison of laboratory mean values of the patients included in the study by gender (p > 0.05), the difference between fT3, Htc and Hemoglobin values between the mortality group and the survival group was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Thyroid hormone disorders pose risks related to coronary artery disease, encompassing hypertension, atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, homocysteine production, and endothelial effects, which can amplify mortality rates among acute myocardial infarction patients. The "low T3 syndrome" denotes an imbalance of thyroid hormones that significantly impacts cardiovascular mechanisms. Aberrant thyroid hormone levels exhibit a higher prevalence within acute coronary syndromes.
Pre-medication Attitudes of Anesthesiologists: A Nationwide Survey Study from Turkey
Authors: Ekin Serpil , Erbaş Mesut , Kiraz Hasan Ali , Hancı Volkan
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the demographic data, institutional affiliations, pre-operative evaluations, pre-medication preferences, and induction practices of anesthesiologists in Turkey. This study aimed to examine the implementation of these elements and how they reflect on the attitudes and behaviors of Turkish anesthesiologists, particularly in relation to pre-medication.
Methods: This study, conducted between 16.06.2012 and 16.06.2013, utilized an electronic questionnaire distributed to practising anesthesiologists nationwide after approval from the Çanakkale 18 Mart University Clinical Research Ethics Committee. The questionnaire was divided into five sections, encompassing 26 questions addressing demographics, institutional information, pre-anaesthetic assessment data, pre-medication data, and induction data.
Results: The survey gathered responses from 419 anesthesiologists across Turkey. Our findings indicated that pre-anaesthetic evaluations were predominantly conducted 2-7 days before elective surgery. There were significant variations in the pre-operative evaluations based on the type of institution, with private sector hospitals being less likely to have a dedicated room for pre-anaesthetic evaluation. The study also revealed differences in pre-medication preferences based on sex and age groups, with midazolam, ketamine, and atropine being the most preferred agents. Interestingly, the location of pre-medication administration varied significantly between private and university hospitals. The predominant motivation for pre-medication was a reduction in patient anxiety. Pediatric anesthesia induction was primarily conducted without the presence of family members, and volatile anesthetic agents were the preferred option. The route of pre-medication administration varied with age, with oral pre-medication being more common in pediatric patients, and intravenous administration being preferred in adults. Concerns about respiratory depression were prevalent after pre-medication.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes that pre-operative evaluation and pre-medication are routinely carried out by anesthesiologists in Turkey, although with variations among different types of hospitals. Given the patient safety implications and importance of standardization, this study underscores the need for regular similar surveys to monitor trends and inform practice guidelines.
A PRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA.
Authors: Marques Victor Guilherme Pereira da Silva , Lima Mariel Wágner Holanda , Silva Andréa Márcia Soares da , Santos Elis Maria Jesus , Martins Tayane Moura , Longo Lais Fernanda , Bezerra Karyna Dara dos Santos , Aquino Claudia da Silva , Jesus Luana Conceição de , Silva Mayara Fernandes , Pereira Victor Guilherme , Sousa Emanuel Osvaldo de , Costa Andressa Regina Leal , Paiva Weslley da Silva , Albuquerque Francisco Márcio Lima , Santos João Victor Silva , Cavalcante Josielma da Silva , Lira Maysa de Oliveira , Oliveira Yasmin Mayre Mendes Silva
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca da prática da educação em saúde na estratégia saúde da família. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Atenção primária á saúde”, “Educação em saúde” e “Saúde pública”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2013 e 2023, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Na ESF a educação em saúde se baseia numa construção coletiva com embasamento no trabalho de uma equipe multidisciplinar e intersetorial, que visa um atendimento integral e humanizado, buscando-se empoderar o paciente a autonomia do cuidado e nas práticas de prevenção e promoção da saúde. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a atenção primária é o principal ponto de acesso da população as atividades de educação em saúde pelo SUS, diante disso é importante destacar que essas atividades visam a promoção e prevenção da saúde da população.
Manifestações orais da doença cárie em pacientes odontopediátricos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Lima Lídia Soares de , Teixeira Daniela Navarro Ribeiro , Siqueira Ana Paula Nascentes de Deus Fonseca , Rocha Karine Siqueira Cabral , Machado Fabrício Campos
Published: August 2023

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno complexo de neurodesenvolvimento, caracterizado por deficiência na linguagem e interações sociais. Sendo assim, esses pacientes apresentam maiores riscos à saúde oral, pois os mesmos tendem a não conseguir realizar a higienização de maneira adequada. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a condição de saúde bucal e a ocorrência da doença cárie em crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, LILACS e Scielo, utilizando os seguintes descritores em português e seus correspondentes em inglês: cárie dentária OU cárie dental OU dente cariado AND transtorno do espectro autista ou Autismo. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão seguiram a estratégia PRISMA-ScR. Foram encontrados 43 artigos, sendo 5 incluídos nessa revisão. Percebeu-se um déficit na higienização e seletividade alimentar, que pode apresentar consequências na cavidade oral de acordo com o nível cariogênico desses alimentos, alteração gengival e hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI). Concluiu-se, portanto que diante da causa multifatorial da doença cárie e dos diversos fatores que podem afetar um paciente com TEA, esses, em conjunto podem causar uma predisposição ao acometimento da lesão de cárie. Os fatores relacionados são seletividade alimentar, déficit na higienização, alterações comportamentais e hipersensibilidade. Ademais, os estudos mostraram que a medicação e composição salivar atuando no efeito tampão de proteção não demonstraram efeito negativo significativo na cavidade oral desses pacientes.
PENDAMPINGAN ORANG TUA MELALUI TALK TO HEART DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BINA DIRI ABK BERBASIS KELUARGA
Authors: Oktiningrum Wuli , Muslihasari Adzimatnur
Published: August 2023

Children with special needs or ABK are children who have different conditions from other children. The differences lie in physical, mental, intelligence, and emotional. So they need special attention and treathment. Even they have much attention for their family, they need to be strong and independent. So, the parents should teach them self development activity. The activity such as eating by their self, toilet activity, showering, and another house work. This is important for their survival, but many parents are unable to accompany them or do not understand how to support them. Thus, the Talk to Heart activity was held for parents of students with special needs. Through service learning methods, it is hoped that they will be able to assist parents of special needs students in developing basic family self-development skills. Because the role of the family is very important for ABK students.
Keywords: children with special needs, self development activity, parents, talk to heart, service learning
 
ABSTRAK
Anak berkebutuhan khusus atau ABK adalah anak yang memiliki kondisi berbeda dengan anak lainnya. Perbedaannya terletak pada fisik, mental, kecerdasan, dan emosional. Kondisi yang berbeda tersebut menyebabkan ABKmembutuhkan perhatian dan perlakuan khusus. Perhatian keluarga sebagai lingkungan terdekat sangat berperan penting agar ABK kuat dan mandiri. Orang tua harus mengajari mereka kegiatan pengembangan diri. Kegiatan tersebut seperti makan sendiri, aktivitas toilet, mandi, dan pekerjaan rumah lainnya. Hal Ini penting untuk kelangsungan hidup mereka, tetapi banyak orang tua tidak dapat menemani mereka atau tidak mengerti bagaimana mendukung mereka. Dengan demikian, diadakan kegiatan Talk to Heart bagi orang tua siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Kegiatan dengan metode pembelajaran pelayanan ini diharapkan dapat membekali orang tua siswa berkebutuhan khusus dalam mengembangkan keterampilan dasar pengembangan diri keluarga.
Kata Kunci: Anak berkebutuhan khusus, Pengembangan diri, Orang tua, Talk to heart, Pembelajaran pelayanan
PELATIHAN SERIBU OLAHAN SEPE TO BE NUGGET TAPE DALAM RANGKA MENGATASI PEREKONOMIAN DESA KRANGGAN
Authors: Cholifah Tety Nur , Yanti Yulia Eka , Karningsih Sri
Published: August 2023

Pelatihan olahan pangan seperti “ Sepe To Be Nugget Tape “ mampu meningkatkan perekonomian di Desa Kranggan. Jika kita lihat bahwa sepe di olah menjadi berbagai macam olahan yang dapat dijadikan refrensi di masa pandemi COVID-19 ini. Dengan adanya pelatihan diharapkan masyarakat dapat mengangkat UMKM di desa Kranggan, kec. Ngajum. Kab. Ngalam. Tim Pengabdian KKN-T Kelompok 4 UNIRA Malang Tahun 2021 memberikan pelatihan yang dimaksutkan untuk membangkitkan kemauan untuk menjadi wirausahawan yang unggul disegala bidang. Kewirausahaan, sebagai suatu topik yang selalu hangat diperbincangkan oleh banyak pakar, pelaku maupun praktisi bisnis, telah membuka cakrawala berpikir sebagaian masyarakat. Dalam tataran teori., pendidikan maupun pelatihan, kajian mengenai kewirausahaan atau entrepreneurship tidak pernah berhenti untuk diseminarkan , dilokakaryakan, didiskusikan, dan diteliti. Adapun dalam tataran realitas, kemunculan pebisnis atau wirausaha baru atau generasi muda yang terus terjadi telah memberikan inspirasi bagi wirausaha lama untuk mengembangkan usahanya lebih baik lagi sesuai tuntutan jaman dalam persaingan dunia dagang pada saat ini dimana perekonomian duniapun terhambat akibat wabah COVID-19. Sehingga karakteristik wirausahawan yang mumpuni dan menjalankan bisnisnya dengan baik. Usaha mengolah Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) yang berada disekitar secara berkelanjutan harus memperhatikan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan potensi masyarakat di sekitar pula.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN ABON IKAN SEBAGAI SEKTOR KETAHANAN PANGAN DI DESA SUMBERPETUNG KEBUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Cholifah Tety Nur , Rustantono Hendra , Rasyid Hamidi , Wibowo Andi , Bukhori Ahmad , Damayanti Vina , Berliana Devi , Tholha M
Published: August 2023

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan masyarakat Desa Sumberpetung. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemberian materi melalui ceramah, praktik langsung, dan pendampingan, melalui lima tahapan yaitu (1) melakukan koordinasi dengan pihak desa mengenai kegiatan yang akan dilakukan, (2) memberikan pelatihan abon ikan berbahan baku ikan air tawar dari tambak-tambak sekitar bendungan Karangkates, (3) memfasilitasi pengemasan produk abon ikan, (4) memberikan pelatihan teknik dan manajemen penyimpanan produk abon ikan, (5) monitoring dan evaluasi hasil pelatihan dan juga memberikan sedikit materi terkait pemasaran melalui media online atau offline. Kelompok PPK sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan ini karena selain mendapatkan pengalaman baru berupa keterampilan pembuatan abon ikan juga dapat meningkatkan ekonomi warga setempat. Kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan abon ikan ini sangat bermanfaat karena mampu memberdayakan ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang tergabung dalam kelompok PKK. Pelatihan ini juga memberikan peluang usaha secara nyata di masa mendatang.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CEREBRO-VASCULAR ACCIDENTS AMONG NURSING STUDENTS OF THE SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE AT JAIPUR.
Authors: Puran Mal Kuldeep  , Pooja Choudhary
Published: August 2023

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. If this pressure rises and stays high over time, known as Hypertension. High blood pressure (hypertension) can quietly damage your body for years before symptoms develop. There is a natural tendency for blood pressure to rise with age due to the reduced elasticity of the arterial system. Age is therefore one of the factors that needs to be taken into account in deciding whether a person blood pressure is too high