bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the adherence to anti-hypertensive medications in urban and rural areas of Hubballi
Authors: Katapadi Pratibha Rao , Bant Dattatreya D.
Published: March 2019

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health issue worldwide and can have deleterious effects on the health when it is not under control. Adherence to antihypertensive medications is thus necessary for better control of blood pressure and to reduce the risk of complications. There are various factors which support or hinder the patient’s adherence to anti- hypertensive treatment. Thus this study was done to reflect the factors influencing the adherence to antihypertensive drugs among urban and rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas of Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection among the known hypertensive patients. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS software.Results: Most of the hypertensive patients were aged 45 and above (89.5%). A total of 73.5% of the participants were adherent to antihypertensive medications and adherence was more among urban (76%) as compared to rural population (71%). Knowledge regarding complications of uncontrolled hypertension was the major factor for adherence in both the areas. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was controlled in patients who were adherent.Conclusions: There is a higher level of adherence to antihypertensive medications in urban population as compared to rural population of Hubballi. The findings suggest patient factors, clinical factors and socio-demographic factors play an important role in determining the adherence to the medication.
Documenting factors related to examination stress among school children in Surat city
Authors: Buch Rutu Sanjaybhai , Vyas Shailee N. , Moitra Mohua
Published: March 2019

Background: Academic examinations have been considered as one of the acute stresses experienced by students. Passing or failing has strong consequences, so examinations cause psychological stress for most students. This study designed to document stressors and anti-stressors related to exam and quantify the stress.Methods: A cross sectional study using purposive sampling was carried out involving 387 secondary and higher secondary school students. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Among the respondents, 76.7% felt that exams should be taken. Worry (46.8%); fear of forgetting (24.3%), nervousness (14.7%) and fear (10.1%) were the common stressors. Exams were a positive opportunity to prove their mettle was shared by 23.3% students. Stress level was constant among 50.9% of participants irrespective of the level of their preparation. MCQ (51.2%) was the preferred examination pattern. In majority (74.4%) failing equated obtaining less marks. Fear of failing existed among 46.5% participants. Mean score for BAI was 10.15 with participants falling into mild (92.7%), moderate (6.5%) and severe (0.8%) stress categories. A total of 68% students felt that these stresses can be reduced. Preferred way to relax was talking to friends (55.6%), listening to music (53.5%) and watching TV (47%). Most helpful person was the mother (39%). Parental reaction to stress was generally supportive (63.6%). Professional counselling was taken by 2.6% students.Conclusions: Exams were associated with worry, nervousness and fear. Fear of failure added to this stress. However, parents were generally supportive. Mean BAI score was 10.15.
Job satisfaction of the accredited social health activists in a community development block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal
Authors: Chakraborty Sohanjan , Roy Rabindranath , Thakur Rupali P. , Das Dilip K.
Published: March 2019

Background: Job satisfaction of accredited social health activist (ASHA), a voluntary health worker under national health mission, is not yet documented in many areas of the country. The present study assessed the job satisfaction of ASHA in Bhatar community development block of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken during September–November 2017 among all the 191 ASHAs in Bhatar block. With prior consent, interviews were conducted using a questionnaire developed based on measures of job satisfaction (MJS) tool. The questionnaire contained total 28 items in six individual facets of satisfaction-personal component, workload, professional support, training, incentive and care providing. Responses for each item were recorded in 3-point Likert’s scale, total score ranging from 28–84. Overall satisfaction was categorised as dissatisfied (score=28), neutral (29-56) and satisfied (57-84) and similar categorisation was done for individual facets. Chi square test was applied to determine associated factors.Results: Overall 93.7% ASHAs were satisfied with their work, 6.3% were neither dissatisfied nor satisfied. Majority were satisfied regarding individual facets except incentive; 73.3% were rather dissatisfied. Overall satisfaction was significantly associated with the service duration of ASHA (p=0.001).Conclusions: Overall satisfaction level among ASHAs in the area though are quite high, some individual aspects like incentives needs to be looked into. Further studies will be helpful to delineate many unexplored reasons or aspects which might be necessary for developing strategies.
Importance of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy-review
Authors: Dkhar Sabira Aalia , Ashraf Ambrine , Hassan Muzamil
Published: March 2019

Pregnancy is a state that leads to several deficiency and increased demand of essential nutrients for the growing foetus. In one such case it is seen that vitamin D deficiency can lead to severe outcome in the new-born as well as the mother. Vitamin D travels to the foetus by passive transfer and the foetus is entirely dependent on maternal stores. Therefore it becomes all the more essential to know your vitamin D level during antenatal period to prevent adverse outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation helps in preventing the outcomes like rickets, low birth weight, bone and dental deformity in foetus, decreased immunity and impaired lung function in children, whereas also helping in decreased incidence of primary caesarean sections, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus in mother. The recommended dose has been described up to 2000IU/day as a supplementation and not therapeutic dose, which is found to be safe and effective.
Reliability / Security of Distribution System Network under Supporting by Distributed Generation
Authors: Eltamaly Ali M. , Mohamed Yehia Sayed , El-Sayed Abou-Hashema M. , Elghaffar Amer Nasr A.
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses the impact of Distributed Generator (DG) on the power system for enhancing the power system quality by improving the voltage profile and power losses reduction. With the increasing on the demand power and the power system extension, the distributed renewable energy technologies are becoming increasingly important in the energy supply systems of many countries. DGs units can be defined as a small-units that generate electric power near to the location of customers based on the renewable energy techniques, including wind energy, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Interconnecting DG to an existing distribution system provides various benefits to several entities as for example the owner, utility and the final user. DG provides an enhanced power quality, higher reliability of the distribution system and can peak shaves and fill valleys. However, the integration of DG into existing networks has associated several technical, economic and regulatory questions. Also, this paper uses the power system IEEE-12 busses for an example to illustrate the voltage control and decreases the active and reactive power losses by adding the wind generation DGs with the distribution network. 
Lead Toxicity due to Ingestion of Lead-Contaminated Opium in a Patient Presenting with Motor Neuropathy and Upper Limb Paresis: A case report
Authors: Mirzaei Seyed M. M. , Akbari Ayob , Mehrpour Omid , Zamani Nasim
Published: March 2019

Opium users may present with central or peripheral nervous system-related symptoms, gastrointestinal complications and anaemia; in such cases, lead poisoning should be suspected and chelation therapy initiated as soon as possible. We report a 64-year-old male patient with a 20-year history of opium addiction who was referred to the Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand, Iran, in 2017 with severe motor neuropathy and paresis in both upper limbs. His primary symptoms were generalised weakness, abdominal and bone pain, constipation and lower limb paraesthesia that had started several months prior. In addition, he reported severe progressive bilateral paresis of the upper limbs of one month’s duration. A diagnosis of lead poisoning was confirmed by a blood lead level of 140 μg/dL. The patient underwent chelation therapy after which he improved significantly. At a one-year follow-up visit, he was neurologically intact and symptom-free.Keywords: Opium Dependence; Lead Poisoning; Lead-Induced Nervous System Diseases; Paresthesia; Case Report; Iran.
Resuscitation & Research Conference 2018
Authors: University Sultan Qaboos
Published: March 2019

Conference Abstracts
Pharmacological Options for Viral Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis Management: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Giles Amber B. , Wilder Alyson G. , Ritter Megan S. , Wright Adrienne , Afeli Serge A
Published: March 2019

Background: Viral induced hemorrhagic cystitis (VIHC) is very common among patients who become immunocompromised following organ transplantation. However, there is neither consensus on the standard of care nor clear guidelines to aid in clinical decision making when treatment VIHC. This review discusses currently available pharmacologic agents, presents investigational drug therapies, and outlines alternative treatment options that could be effective against VIHC.Recent findings: Letermovir is a novel antiviral agent approved for CMV prophylaxis in patients post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although no studies have yet been conducted in patients with VIHC, this new antiviral agent shows promise in preventing emergence of CMV in patients after HSCT. Additionally, newer studies addressing the efficacy of brincidofovir, an experimental drug derived from cidofovir, against CMV infection may provide preliminary evidence for brincidofovir’s role in therapy and therefore warrant further investigation.Conclusion: Polyoma BK virus (BKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and adenovirus (ADV) are the primary culprits for HC occurrence in patients undergoing renal transplantation or allogeneic HSCT. CMV-associated HC could be prevented or treated by ganciclovir and valganciclovir because these agents’ effectiveness has been clearly established in other non-HC infections related to CMV. ADV-associated HC could be mitigated by brincidofovir and ribavirin, however the high toxicity associated with these agents may be a limiting factor for their use. BKV-associated HC is best managed by cidofovir and leflunomide, but not by fluoroquinolones. Finally, intravesicular instillation should be preferred in patients who experience toxicities associated with systemic use of antivirals.
高速公路项目管理信息化平台建设
Authors: 华龙 陈
Published: March 2019

随着我国经济水平的不断提高，高速公路作为经济发展的必然产物，其为我国的交通行业带来了巨大的发展，也为人们的生产、生活带来了极大的便利。而在其项目管理过程中建设信息化平台又是高速公路项目实现现代化管理的关键所在。因此，研究高速公路项目管理的信息化平台建设就显得尤为重要。本文首先是分析了信息化平台建设的重要性，之后便详细阐述了信息化平台建设的主要内容。
浅析人工智能的应用现状及发展前景
Authors: 沁 李 , 俊鸽 白 , 淇玉 王 , 荟 李 , 凯 盛
Published: March 2019

随着全球科学技术的迅速发展，我们的生活已经与IT行业密不可分，人工智能便是极具典型的例子，它渗透在我们生活的各个方面，既便利了我们也威胁着我们。人工智能并不是近年来才出现的新兴技术，但却是在近年来才真正得到飞跃式的发展。下面我就人工智能的核心技术、应用现状及发展前景发表一些个人的见解。
大数据环境下企业组织管理变革
Authors: 思雅 熊 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

大数据强有力的技术支持让人们的数据收集和分析能力有了极大提高，数据成为了企业组织管理的核心资料，企业运用大数据的应用特性来提高管理水平。本文针对目前企业的管理、发展现状，研究了企业组织模式创新方向，希望为人们了解大数据的商业应用和价值提供一些帮助。
论网络游戏对青少年的影响
Authors: 希婧 杨 , 春梅 兰 , 巍 陈
Published: March 2019

在当今科技高速发展的时代，互联网早已走进每家每户，由此网络游戏也渐渐兴起，网络游戏不仅多，而且类型款式各种不同。让本就玩心较重的青少年对此迷恋不已。对此现象，本文自认识网络游戏入手，分析一些社会现象，并提出想法。
探究函数式编程在Java中的应用
Authors: 俊冲 韦 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

 Java在多年发展过程中，为了方便开发人员更好的设计代码，不断的创新，不断的进步。在每个版本的Java里都有自己独特的编码规范。本文将对函数式编程在Java方面的应用做出介绍，并讨论函数    式编程对开发的意义。
粮食中粗脂肪含量分析测定方法的改进
Authors: 延安 田
Published: March 2019

 为了保障人民饮食安全，提高食品检验的工作效率，充分考虑到影响检验结果准确率的因素并加以控制，可提高检验工作的时效性。
Multidimensional 21st century skills scale: Validity and reliability study
Authors: Cevik Mustafa , Senturk Cihad
Published: March 2019

This study aims to develop a multidimensional 21st century skills scale for adolescent and early adulthood students in the 15â€“25 age group. The research was conducted with 660 high school, associate degree and undergraduate students. From the item pool created during the first stage of the study, 146 items were selected in line with expert opinions. Within the scope of the validity studies, exploratory factor analysis was carried out. As a result of the analysis, a 41-item scale with five sub factors were developed. In the second stage of the study, Lisrel 8.80 program was used with confirmatory factor analysis, and the five sub-factor structure was confirmed. In the third stage of the study, the testâ€“retest method was applied, and the mean scale scores and standard deviation values of the scale in the first and second applications were found to be 3.89, 18.21 and 3.58 and 22.19, respectively.

Keywords: 21st century skills, multidimensional 21st century skills scale, 15â€“25 age group, scale development.
A Migration Crisis or the Crisis of the European Union?
Authors: Yanitsky Oleg N.
Published: March 2019

Drawing on the works of Russian and foreign scholars and using my own experience of communication with the EU migrants in the run of my long-term stay in Europe, I came to the following conclusions. Modern migration crisis should be analyzed within the frames of a current geopolitical transition conditioned by the Fourth Scientific and Technological Revolution (hereafter, the STR-4), by the dynamics of the EC political structure, ethno-confessional conflicts as well as by the wars far behind the EU, that is I consider this crisis as a moment of global geopolitical dynamics. In particular, mass migration to the EU from the Near East and Africa during last 5–7 years represents a geopolitical ‘echo’ of former European politics in that part of the world coupled with new opportunities produced by the STR-4. Actually, the EU migration politics is a politics of a’ soft colonialism’ burdened by international and local ethno-confessional conflicts. Then, the migration and following adaptation to a new sociocultural environment are always two-ways processes. The migration crisis has various scales: transcontinental, all-European, and ca particular country ones coupled with growing disagreements and conflicts inside the EU as well as between it and the US. The politics of all-European unity and allembracing tolerance failed and it has been replaced by the political principle ‘everybody each on his own.’ Current migration crisis has confirmed the U. Beck’s thesis that we are living in a society of the ‘sideeffects’, that is of the side-effects of decisions taken earlier. The main source of the above crisis is rooted inside the EU i.e. it’s the struggle for the deficit resources and geopolitical domination of the Brussels over the rest member-states as well as between them because their interests are permanently evolving.
Civic Engagement as an Externality of Social Capital
Authors: Guzhavina Tatiana A.
Published: March 2019

The concept of social capital that has become popular in the last decades has significant heuristic potential. It is developed through the broadening of the object of research. Today, the study of the externalities of social capital remains an under-investigated area. The use of social capital has a wide range of external effects. Most often, attention is paid to their occurrence in the economy. However, they are present in all spheres of social life and are significant there, too. Thus, in the sphere of political engagement, social effects may include various forms of civic engagement, which facilitate the functioning of civil society, and, in particular, the implementation of its function as a mechanism of feedback between the society and state. This article aims to demonstrate using empirical material the dependence of respondents’ civic engagement on their social capital. The empirical research base is represented by the results of public opinion polls of the population of Vologda Region, conducted in June 2016 by specialists of the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Federal Publicly Funded Institution of Science. During data analysis carried out on the basis of an indicator model of social capital measurement developed in the course of the Regional Social Capital in Crisis Conditions project, groups of social capital bearers different in accumulation level were identified. Data were analyzed with the use of the SPSS package. The research discovered that the civic activity demonstrated by respondents depends on their belonging to a group with accumulated social capital. Persons with social capital of higher level were to a much greater extent involved in various forms of civic engagement.
Risky Sexual Behavior of Modern Teenagers in Russia. Part II
Authors: Bruno Victoria V.
Published: March 2019

This work is a continuation of the article on risky sexual behavior among young people. In this part, based on a review of various studies, as well as the results of their own surveys of students of schools, colleges and universities, such forms of sexually dangerous behavior as promiscuity, sexual intercourse with alcohol and drug use, child-teen prostitution are considered. It is revealed that different forms of deviant behavior and sexually dangerous behavior very often accompany each other. Teenagers having one type of problem behavior, are likely to have the others. Alcohol and drug use is a central element of risky behavior among adolescents and young people. In particular, the relationship between substance use and sexual behavior has been identified.

The influence of the Internet on sexual behavior of teenagers is considered, modern types of virtual sexual activity of teenagers on the Internet and the associated risks are analyzed risks are analyzed.
Justifiability of Euthanasia and Related Practices among Common Russians: In search of Determinants
Authors: Rudnev Maksim G.
Published: March 2019

The aging of the population during the twentieth century sparked a discussion on end-of-life issues and particularly voluntary life termination due to unbearable suffering (euthanasia and related practices). Most of the euthanasia attitude studies have been focused on groups directly involved in end-of-life issues, such as physicians and patients. This article investigates the typical views of common Russians in regard to euthanasia and related practices, and looks for their determinants. A survey of 1201 respondents in 2014 was conducted using a probabilistic sample representing the population of Russia. Measurement of euthanasia justifiability included descriptions of patients’ conditions and types of life termination procedures. Analysis of the results showed that basic values were important predictors of euthanasia justifiability. However, a model derived from international and western research failed to confirm this. Our hypothesis regarding the relations between values of autonomy and justification of euthanasia found only weak support, while benevolence values demonstrated a strong negative effect. Proximity to death showed a negative effect: the fact of caring for sick close ones, as well as one’s own ill-health, were related to a lower justification of euthanasia. Religiosity demonstrated only marginally significant coefficients. Contrary to our hypothesis, interactions between death proximity indicators and trust in physicians and people in general were insignificant. Another unexpected result was a negative link between confidence in the healthcare system and euthanasia justifiability. We attribute these findings to a “priestly” model of care prevalent among Russians; the characteristic structuring of values among Russians, in which care for others contradicts personal autonomy; as well as endorsement of avoidance over approach motivations. In conclusion we list the limitations of the study and point out the weak explanatory power of the models presented.
“Foreword” to the First American edition of “Community and Society” by F. Tönnies. Transl. from Eng., notes and comments by N.A. Golovin
Authors: Sorokin Pitirim A.
Published: March 2019

The currently being prepared for publication “Foreword” to F. Tönnies’ work “Community and Society” was written by Harvard University professor P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), who was a Russian/American sociologist. It was first published alongside the English translation of Tönnies’ book, issued in New York back in 1940. According to P.A. Sorokin, Tönnies’ community and society dichotomy represents a universal categorical description of two opposing forms of social organization. They appear in the social evolution of various civilizations and in the writings of their founders. P.A. Sorokin considered Tönnies to be one of the contemporary successors to the tradition of describing society in such a way. Tönnies’ book was ahead of its time. It is mentioned in “Foreword” that the first German edition, published in 1887, did not attract readers’ attention. However, when the 20th century came around — this book became a point of reference for German social scientists, as well as for educated individuals among the general public. “Foreword” mentions the reason for its rapid increase in popularity, which turned out to be a rapid and widespread transition from “community” to a “society” based on contractual relations. P.A. Sorokin points out that Tönnies created his essay during a time when the “Gesellschaft type of society” was “triumphantly rooting out the Gemeinschaft”. However, even back then Tönnies highlighted the shortcomings of capitalism as a form of social life. The American edition of Tönnies’ book, published in 1940, was its first complete translation to a foreign language (the 1927 Japanese edition had been shortened). P.A. Sorokin’s “Foreword” to this edition marked the beginning of this writing’s worldwide fame. This is the first time “Foreword” has ever been published in Russian. It was not included in the 2002 Russian edition of Tönnies’ book. This publication, however, makes up for such an omission in theoretical sociology. The publication together with commentary has been prepared by N.A. Golovin.
You can call me a comparativist, I studied American and Russian mass consciousness” / Interview prepared by B.Z. Doktorov
Authors: Nikolai P. Nikolai P.
Published: March 2019

The author describes his 50 years of experience in studying public opinion in America, the Soviet Union and Russia. This includes research at the Institute of American and Canadian Studies of American mass consciousness, the study of Americans’ attitudes towards economic and social problems, Soviet-American relations; and collaboration with leading American public opinion polling centers — the Gallup Institute, the University of Michigan, National Opinion Research Center in Chicago, studying the work of the L. Harris and M. Field polling services, the CBS-New York Times, ABC-Washington Post centers, the polling organizations of the Democratic and Republican parties, presidential advisors on public opinion. The author implemented his American experience in organizing the study of public opinion in the USSR and then in Russia when creating the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM), the Center for Studying Public Opinion of the Presidential Administration of Boris Yeltsin, the Agency for Regional Political Research, and other survey centers. Analyzed is the use of sociological surveys in Boris Yeltsin’s presidential election campaign in 1996. The author has conducted several joint Soviet/Russian-American public opinion studies: “Television and society”, “Soviet and American children on the threat of war”, “National problems of Russia”. The author describes his experience in communicating with leading American and Russian experts in the study of public opinion — G. Gallup, L. Harris, Yu.A. Zamoshkin, B.A. Grushin.
Avaliação do desempenho da luz natural em ambientes residenciais
Authors: Danieleski Cristina Biazus , Oliveira Maria Fernanda de , Medeiros Daniel Reis
Published: March 2019

A utilização da luz natural contribui com a redução do uso de iluminação artificial em ambientes internos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho da luz natural em ambientes de cozinha e de área de serviço de residências multifamiliares com diferentes configurações espaciais na cidade de Porto Alegre – RS, por meio dos critérios da NBR 15575-2013 e da métrica de avaliação Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). Os objetos de estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: modelos com iluminação natural direta para ambos os ambientes e modelos com iluminação natural indireta para a cozinha. As análises foram realizadas por meio de simulação computacional com o software DIALux e o plug-in DIVA para Rhinoceros. Com base nas análises realizadas pela NBR 15575-2013, classificou-se como desempenho lumínico intermediário apenas a cozinha com brise de proteção solar, à medida que todos os outros ambientes foram classificados como desempenho superior, indicando que o uso de iluminação artificial não se faz necessário ao longo do dia. O valor de iluminância obtido no ponto do centro geométrico não coincidiu com a bancada da pia da cozinha, assim, não se teve a garantia do mesmo nível de desempenho lumínico nessa superfície. Os resultados obtidos pela métrica UDI indicaram a prevalência do intervalo autônomo nos modelos com iluminação direta e o intervalo suplementar nos modelos com iluminação indireta. Diferentemente das análises por meio da norma, a métrica UDI considera a média da iluminância do recinto, abrangendo os ambientes como um todo.
The criteria of the identification of metabolic obesity among people with normal body weight and their use in everyday practice
Authors: Pastusiak Katarzyna , Przysławski Juliusz
Published: March 2019

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome caused by it constitute one of the biggest health issues of the 21st century. However, a problem of “a concealed form of obesity” — metabolic obesity with a normal body weight, which manifests clinically through the occurrence of metabolism disorders related to obesity among people with a normal body mass index — was pointed out in the 1980s. This affliction entails similar health consequences and causes many more problems in diagnosis and early treatment because a lack of obesity does not make doctors search for the traits of metabolic syndrome among seemingly healthy patients. The aim of this study is to present a proposition of diagnostic criteria for this disease in the historical perspective and to consider the possibilities of their use in everyday clinic practice.
Reactions of bone, liver and kidney tissues to orthopaedic implants with silver nanoparticle doped hydroxyapatite coatings: microscopic examination in a rabbit model
Authors: Łapaj Łukasz , Woźniak Waldemar , Chodór Paweł , Zabrzyński Jan , Paczesny Łukasz
Published: March 2019

Background: Periprosthetic joint infections are severe complications of arthroplasty, difficult to manage due to biofilm formation on the components. Recently, the use of silver nanoparticles (SNs) has emerged as a method of preventing biofilm formation on orthopaedic implants, however little is known about the systematic toxicity of SNs.Aim: This study used a rabbit model to examine the tissue response of bone, liver and kidney to prototype components with SN doped hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings.Materials and methods: Twelve prototype implants (six with HA, six with SN doped HA coatings) were implanted into the femora of twelve New Zealand Rabbits. After 6 weeks, the animals were euthanised, their femora and samples of livers and kidneys harvested to prepare microscopic slides. The slides were examined for the presence inflammatory or toxic reactions to SNs, implants were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine structural changes related to implantation and verify retention of SNs in vivo.Results: SEM demonstrated that SNs formed submicron conglomerates, which were retained after 6 weeks in vivo and did not interfere with osseointegration. Histologic studies of bone fragments demonstrated no signs of acute toxicity and inflammation. No inflammatory reaction was observed in kidneys, although in some samples signs of acute renal failure related to euthanasia were found. No severe toxic reaction was found in liver samples, however fatty degeneration of liver was found in some animals.Conclusions: This study documented good osteointegration of implants with SN doped HA coatings with low systematic toxicity of SNs.
PEMANFAATAN WADUK BENING/ WIDAS SEBAGAI LOKASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS)
Authors: Permana Herwangga Satria , Hadiani Rintis , Solichin Solichin
Published: March 2019

Electricity is a basic requirement in carrying out activities. However, over time, the electricity needs to increase but the availability of electricity is still stagnant. So that the necessary innovation of electricity generation. Solar power plants (PLTS) can be a solution to this problem. PLTS tends to require extensive land, therefore the idea of utilizing the reservoir as a PLTS location. In this penelitin selected Reservoir Bening / Widas as PLTS location. The calculation of the extent of the permit puddle needs to be done to find out how much PLTS design can be built. Furthermore, it is necessary to calculate the energy generated as well as economic feasibility analysis. The results of this study indicate that the area of permit inundation in the Bening / Widas Reservoir is 944893 m2 and PLTS which can be built as many as 20 modules with a design area of 1 module PLTS is 8000 m². The energy produced by 20 PLTS modules within 1 year is 19668.52 MWh. 
KAJIAN KUAT TEKAN DAN INFILTRASI PADA BETON NON PASIR (Study Of Compressive Strength And Infiltration Of no-fines Concrete)
Authors: Kurniadi Edi , Himawan Lava
Published: March 2019

No fines concrete can be known such as porous concrete, no-fines concrete and pervious concrete, because not use of sand in the mixture causing the cavities between coarse aggregates. When the rainy season, especially in urban areas there are many flood because the water is difficult to infiltration into the ground. Because permeable nature of non-fines concrete which can accelerate the absorption of water to the soil and to the water channel, reduce run-off and increase groundwater reserves. In this research will study for compressive strength and infiltration in non-finnes concrete. This research uses coarse aggregates from the results of stone crushing machines with coarse aggregate sizes (5-10) mm. cement: aggregate ratio used 1: 2; 1: 3; 1: 4; 1: 5; 1: 6; 1: 7; 1: 8. The study began with material checking, planning of material requirements, making non-sand concrete, then testing compressive strength, and infiltration testing at the age of 28 days. The results showed that the compressive strength of non-finnes concrete with a variation of the ratio of cement : gravel 1: 2  is  33.19 MPa while for a mixture of 1: 8 it is 5.23 MPa. The Infiltration rate has increased along with the greater variation in the ratio of the mixture. The maximum infiltration rate for a mixture of 1: 8 is 9.44 mm/sec. The infiltration rates in no-finnes concrete can be used to accelerate the absorption of water into the soil and can function to reduce water on the surface of the yard.
Arthroscopic Surgical Stabilization of Glenohumeral Dislocations with Clavicular Graft and Remplissage
Authors: Abrams Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2019

Surgical repair of the unstable shoulder begins with reattachment of the detached capsulolabral complex. The degree of damage to the glenohumeral articulation can be variable and is often related to the degree of trauma, duration of dislocation, and the number of instability events. There have been many surgical procedures proposed for the treatment of shoulder instability in the athlete, ranging from soft-tissue repair to coracoid transfer or the addition of a bone graft. The arthroscope provides an opportunity to visualize and repair the injured structures, returning the shoulder to maximal range of motion and permitting functional improvement.

Indications for arthroscopic anterior stabilization include a first-time dislocation, patients with apprehension following dislocation, and recurrent dislocation and subluxation prior to creating advanced bone loss. If there is advanced bone loss, an augmented repair or a procedure other than arthroscopic stabilization has been recommended. Mobilization of the anterior capsule and fixation to recreate the proper anterior tension will limit translation and potential recurrence of instability.

The steps of the arthroscopic anterior stabilization include:

Perform examination under anesthesia to identify the directions and degree of humeral translation relative to the glenoid.

Position the patient with the shoulder 30° abducted and 20° flexed.

Create proper portals, including a posterior viewing portal, dual anterior portals, and accessory portals for suture anchor placement.

Perform a diagnostic arthroscopy to determine the damaged structures and how they relate to shoulder positions that may invite future dislocations.

Perform capsule and labrum mobilization to permit anatomic relocation of the injured ligament.

Place a series of suture anchors along the anterior and inferior glenoid margin.

Utilize suture hooks to retrieve the sutures placed through the capsule to advance the capsule superiorly to the glenoid margin.

Assess glenoid deficiency and place an autograft anterior to the damaged glenoid rim in selected cases.

Tenodese the posterior capsule and infraspinatus to a large Hill-Sachs lesion on the posterosuperior aspect of the humeral head in selected cases.

Repair additional labral structures superiorly and posteriorly if they contribute to glenohumeral instability.

The anticipated outcome is a return to sport and high-demand activities. Bracing is available, but the internal repair is the most reliable technique to protect the glenohumeral articulation. Additional techniques can be implemented when added trauma has resulted in severe bone loss of the glenoid, humeral head, or anterior capsular structures. A return to high-risk activities can be anticipated in 4 to 7 months.
Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Pretreatment Weight Change in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Fahey Margaret , Klesges Robert C. , Kocak Mehmet , Talcott Gerald W. , Krukowski Rebecca A.
Published: March 2019

Background. Three previous studies found that participants commonly experienced significant weight change before beginning a behavioral weight loss intervention. However, these findings are conflicting in regard to how pretreatment weight change is associated with eventual treatment outcome. Further, these studies measured weight loss outcomes only up to six-months. Thus, the current study aims to examine pretreatment weight change among a diverse sample of active duty military personnel engaged in a behavioral weight loss intervention. Additionally, this study will investigate potential sociodemographic characteristics that influence the relationship between pretreatment change and treatment outcome up to 12-months, as well as how pretreatment weight change is related to intervention adherence.

Methods. Using secondary analysis of data from a behavioral weight loss intervention, pretreatment (i.e., screening to baseline visit) weight categories [loss (> 1.15% decrease), stable, or gain (> 1.15% increase)] were compared to % weight change from both screening and baseline visits to four and 12-months.

Results. During pretreatment, 59.4% remained weight stable, 24.4% lost and 16.1% gained; and racial differences in group classification were found. In regression models, pretreatment weight categories did not predict baseline to four or 12-month outcomes; however, interactions with age were observed (p = 0.038; p = 0.051, respectively). Weight change category predicted screening to 4-month outcome (p = .0005); specifically, those who lost pretreatment weight were more likely to lose weight from screening to 4-months compared to those who gained or remained weight stable. Pretreatment weight loss was related to consuming more meal replacements by four (p = .025) and 12-months (p = .012) but was not associated with adherence to other intervention protocol.

Conclusions. Current results suggest that sociodemographic differences might influence pretreatment weight change and its relationship to 12-month treatment success. Given that many individuals (40.5%) in the current sample experienced significant weight change before the intervention, results extend previous findings suggesting that weight loss trials should account for both screening and baseline visit weights when examining treatment results.

Trial Registration: NCT02063178. Registered February 14, 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02063178?term=dissemination+of+look+ahead&rank=1
Dependence of Colonization of the Large Intestine by Candida on the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: KOWALSKA-DUPLAGA KINGA , KRAWCZYK AGNIESZKA , SROKA-OLEKSIAK AGNIESZKA , SALAMON DOMINIKA , WĘDRYCHOWICZ ANDRZEJ , FYDEREK KRZYSZTOF , GOSIEWSKI TOMASZ
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine if there are quantitative differences in Candida fungi between pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease (before and after exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), and the biologic therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha – (IFX)), and healthy controls. DNA was isolated from fecal samples and PCR was used to determine the number of fungal cells. Both therapeutic interventions resulted in a statistically significant decrease in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. The numbers of Candida decreased during both therapeutic intervention but the difference was statistically significant for the IFX intervention only (p = 0.045). Moreover, fungi population in both study groups declined during intervention when compared to the control group but the difference was significant before treatment only in the IFX group (p = 0.013). The total distribution of Candida with both IFX and EEN as well as in the control group differed significantly (p = 0.01) before treatment only. No correlation between the numbers of Candida and disease activity as well as the following biochemical parameters: serum iron concentration, protein or glucose level were found. It cannot be ruled out that, in combination with genetic and immunological disorders, fungi can contribute to the initiation of the disease process and perpetuation of active inflammation.
Chemical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Analysis of Organomineral Fertilizer Residue Recovered from an Oxisol
Authors: Rodrigo Sakurada L. , Muniz Antonio S. , Sato Franciele , Inoue Tadeu T. , Neto Antônio Medina , Batista Marcelo A.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

The joint use of analytical techniques helps us to better understand the characteristics and chemical processes that may influence the efficiency of fertilizers.

Differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques are helpful in capturing the differences in compounds and mineral presence in fertilizers before and after application to the soil.

Organomineral and inorganic fertilizers have different capacities to make P available in the soil.

Different methods of organomineral fertilizer production result in different capacities to provide P, so that the granulation process resulted in lower P solubility than the granule mixture.

Understanding the behavior of different organomineral phosphate fertilizers will help the delivery of available P to plants. We evaluated differences in the characteristics and P availability of granulated organomineral fertilizer (OG), an organomineral granule mixture (OM), and an inorganic granule mixture (MM) and their residues (OGr, OMr, and MMr, respectively) after four 35‐d cropping cycles. Soil‐available P content, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and soluble P content analyses of the fertilizers and residues were performed. The OM soil had higher available P content after the crops than those with OG and MM. The OGr had the highest total P, water‐soluble P, and P soluble in neutral ammonium citrate and water and a more intense DSC peak related to the remaining monoammonium phosphate than OMr and MMr, indicating that OG had the highest capacity to provide P over time. The XRD and FTIR analyses showed the predominance of aluminum phosphates and the possible formation of low‐solubility compounds in all residues. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a change in the characteristics of the organic matter of OG and OM after application, indicating that these fertilizers have different solubilities and capacities to make P available. The granulation process of OG results in lower capacity to provide P than the granule mixture used for OM. The joint use of several analytical techniques helps clarify fertilizers' characteristics and the chemical processes that influence their efficiency and may be helpful for improving the management and manufacture of organomineral phosphate fertilizers.
High‐Severity Burning Increases Jack Pine Seedling Biomass Relative to Low‐Severity Prescribed Fires
Authors: Kranz Christina , Whitman Thea
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Prescribed fire did not affect jack pine seed germination or seedling establishment.

Severely burned soil had 10‐fold the available P and significantly lower organic matter and higher pH.

Jack pine seedlings produced about twice as much biomass in severely burned soil.

Regional genetic differences in jack pine may alter seedling establishment.

Within the state of Wisconsin, there is a gradient of serotiny inPinus banksianaLamb. (jack pine). With prescribed burning becoming more common in Wisconsin, understanding the dynamic and variable effects of burning on soil properties and their interactions with post‐fire plant communities is critical. Our objective was to isolate and examine how fire effects on soil properties affectP. banksianaseed germination and seedling growth and establishment. We investigated these effects in two pot experiments and an intact paired core experiment, maintained in a greenhouse for 19 to 24 wk. Soils from the O and A horizons were collected from Coon Fork Barrens, Eau Claire County, WI, before and after a prescribed fire, and O horizon soil was burned in the laboratory to mimic a high‐severity wildfire. In the intact core experiment, seed germination and seedling aboveground mass were not affected by prescribed burning. In the pot experiments, jack pine seedlings produced more biomass in laboratory‐burned soils than prescribed‐burned soils, and seedlings from northwest seed lots consistently had a higher frequency of establishment compared to those from central seed lots. For the low‐severity prescribed fire considered in this study, effects on measured soil properties were minimal, and did not result in any improvement to seedling establishment. For soil properties to play an important role in promoting jack pine seedling growth, hotter fires may be required, while lower‐severity fires will require other effects‐ such as seed release, changes to moisture dynamics, or competition‐ to affect jack pine germination and establishment.
Modeling the Impact of Biopores on Root Growth and Root Water Uptake
Authors: Landl Magdalena , Schnepf Andrea , Uteau Daniel , Peth Stephan , Athmann Miriam , Kautz Timo , Perkons Ute , Vereecken Harry , Vanderborght Jan
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

A 3D soil–root model was used to investigate root–biopore interactions.

Known effects of biopores on root growth, i.e., increased root length and depth were reproduced.

Despite reducing root–soil contact, biopores led to increased water uptake in dry periods.

Biopores had a larger impact on water uptake for more compact and less conductive soils.

Roots are known to use biopores as preferential growth pathways to overcome hard soil layers and access subsoil water resources. This study evaluates root–biopore interactions at the root‐system scale under different soil physical and environmental conditions using a mechanistic simulation model and extensive experimental field data. In a field experiment, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown on silt loam with a large biopore density. X‐ray computed tomography scans of soil columns from the field site were used to provide a realistic biopore network as input for the three‐dimensional numerical R‐SWMS model, which was then applied to simulate root architecture as well as water flow in the root–biopore–soil continuum. The model was calibrated against observed root length densities in both the bulk soil and biopores by optimizing root growth model input parameters. By implementing known interactions between root growth and soil penetration resistance into our model, we could simulate root systems whose response to biopores in the soil corresponded well to experimental observations described in the literature, such as increased total root length and increased rooting depth. For all considered soil physical (soil texture and bulk density) and environmental conditions (years of varying dryness), we found biopores to substantially mitigate transpiration deficits in times of drought by allowing roots to take up water from wetter and deeper soil layers. This was even the case when assuming reduced root water uptake in biopores due to limited root–soil contact. The beneficial impact of biopores on root water uptake was larger for more compact and less conductive soils.
Early Miscarriage: Morphological Data Useful to Clinical and Nosographic Classification
Authors: Erra Stefania , Merlo Chiara
Published: March 2019

The most frequent complication of the pregnancy is miscarriage. One in five pregnancies ends in miscarriage and the risk of recurrence increases with the increase of previous spontaneous abortions. In the present article an original checklist is shown to classify the causes of abortion based on morphological criteria that can be highlighted on abortive tissue. These histopathological elements are useful in distinguishing fetal from maternal causes of spontaneous abortions and those are used for a nosographic classification.
ANÁLISE DOS CONTEÚDOS DE FÍSICA NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE CIÊNCIAS DO NONO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL APROVADOS PELO PNLD 2017
Authors: Freitas Savana Dos Anjos , De Andrade Neto Agostinho Serrano
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho visa analisar e categorizar os treze livros didáticos de Ciências do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental que foram aprovados pelo PNLD 2017. Esta análise busca compreender de que maneira os estudantes são apresentados à disciplina de Física no último ano do Ensino Fundamental e como os conteúdos são distribuídos no livro. Os livros analisados foram avaliados por meio de quatro categorias, estas advindas da literatura e da legislação vigente no país. Após a análise e categorização dos livros, foi possível tornar evidente aspectos positivos, tais como o fato de que a Física é distribuída igualitariamente à Química e ainda, como aspectos negativos, que alguns conteúdos de Física não são abordados ou nem sequer são mencionados, assim como, há conteúdos que são exageradamente discutidos, em especial a Cinemática. Como é no Ensino Fundamental que a Física é apresentada, e a relação do aluno com a Física possa ser forjada, acreditamos que um especial cuidado deve haver na escolha do livro didático, que poderiam diminuir a discussão sobre a Física Mecânica nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e abordar todos os conteúdos da Física, como a Física Moderna e Contemporânea.