bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hitting the bull’s eye: Attachment representations and the organization of social networks
Authors: Scharfe Elaine
Published: July 2020

Hazan and Zeifman were the first to explore Bowlby’s proposition that adults would organize their attachment relationships into a hierarchy and since then considerable research has explored both the structure and function of attachment hierarchies using different methodologies. In this study, previous findings establishing an association between attachment and networks were replicated and the associations between network members were explored. First, consistent with expectations, the findings provided additional evidence that romantic partners do not necessarily jump to the top of the hierarchy and young adults continue to place parents, in particular mothers, at the top of their hierarchy. Consistent with previous work, security was associated with placing others closer to the self and attachment avoidance was associated with placing others farther from the self on an electronic bull’s eye. Furthermore, to date, this is the first study to examine the association between attachment representations and the organization of network members. Interestingly, security was associated with placing network members closer to each other and attachment avoidance was associated with placing network members farther from each other. This finding suggests that individuals with high attachment security may be more motivated to allow members of their social networks to mingle whereas individuals with high attachment avoidance scores seemed to be motivated to keep their network members at a distance. The results of this study extend our understanding how attachment representations may influence the organization of our social networks.
Different facets of attitudes towards having children: The Procreation Attitude Scale (PrAttS)
Authors: Marhenke Tristan , Imhoff Roland
Published: July 2020

The attitudes towards children are more complex than simple positive/negative distinctions. In the present study, we sought in two studies (N = 445) to provide a tool to explore different facets of attitudes towards babies and procreation by developing and validating a questionnaire regarding attitudes towards procreation. Study 1 was conducted to develop an English language scale tapping into adults’ attitudes toward having offspring. A larger number of statements were formulated that expressed an emotional value and motivational attitudes towards having babies. The sample consisted of n = 157 participants. Participants’ responses were subjected to a preliminary principal components analysis with an oblique rotation. Study 1 obtained a relatively economical scale to tap into three facets of attitudes toward having children. Study 2 sought to validate a German language version of the same scale as in the previous study. A total of n = 288 participants were recruited. The 13 items of the scale were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 confirmed the three-dimensional structure. The Procreation Attitude Scales (PrAttS) consists of 13 items representing three underlying dimensions: (1) unconditional positivity, (2) anticipated annoyance and (3) contingent willingness. The present investigations showed twice a gender difference in emotional attitudes, revealing that women have a stronger emotional interest in procreation and babies. The PrAttS provides an explicit method of interest for children, providing an alternative to more recently criticized implicit measures.
Contribuição da cultura afro-americana à filosofia
Authors: Béthune Christian
Published: July 2020

As músicas provenientes do campo jazzístico contagiaram a cultura mundial. Contudo, de forma excepcional, a cultura afro-americana se construiu do ponto de vista da história dos vencidos. Essa “apoteose dos vencidos” requer uma reconsideração de nossa ontologia da arte. De fato, o autor das músicas do campo jazzístico desaparece em benefício da tradição e a invenção se articula sobre a imitação. Mas, por meio da invocação (tropo) da “chamada e resposta”, o indivíduo se encontra absorvido no coletivo: é a fronteira entre criação e contemplação que parece perder sua pertinência. Todavia, por trás deste questionamento da ontologia da arte, existe toda a dialética sujeito/objeto através da qual se articula uma filosofia ocidental. Certamente, não se trata mais de um sujeito que cria (autor) ou que contempla (espectador) uma obra. A obra como um objeto colocado face à consciência de um sujeito se reabsorve em um momento participativo, a consciência não é mais consciência de, nem consciência para alguma coisa, mas consciência com um mundo que se constrói.
O graffiti nas ruas de Cuiabá: uma análise semiótica de imagens subversivas
Authors: Dos Santos Juliano Batista , Bertoloto José Serafim , Voltolini Ana Graciela Mendes Fernandes da Fonseca
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa teórico-empírica que se propôs, em um primeiro momento, por meio do ato de caminhar aos moldes da flânerie, deambulações e derivas, conhecer e fotografar os graffiti nas ruas da capital mato-grossense, especialmente os que se encontram nos espaços públicos opacos, lisos e residuais da cidade. Em seguida, após seleção cuidadosa de algumas dessas imagens, submeteu-se as mesmas a uma análise criteriosa com a finalidade de trazer à tona expressões, sentimentos, sensações e ideologias próprias da cultura local, não só do cidadão chapa e cruz (nascidos em Cuiabá), mas também dos paus-rodados (vindos de fora e reterritorializados). As principais epistemologias empregadas às discussões das imagens e elaboração dos argumentos textuais são os conceitos de folkcomunicação proposto por Luiz Beltrão, a semiótica peirceana (sob à luz e compreensão de Lucia Santaella), a crise da modernidade elucidada por Maurício Lazzarato e a valorização dos saberes cotidianos defendido por Michel Maffesoli. Matrizes teóricas que permitiram mostrar que, embora utilizados para embelezar, provocar e declarar-se, sobressai nos graffiti cuiabanos a essência de criticidade, enfrentamento e denúncia.
Cross-Cultural Narrative through graphic stories In Polisario Refugee Camps
Authors: Laven Rolf
Published: July 2020

The Graphic Novel as a development of the last decades and nowadays an independent art form is presented in the context of workshop series within its educational potentials. Graphic story telling workshop series as methology exemplifies us an alternative form of communication beyond textual literacy. This took place within the framework of teacher training workshops in the Polisario refugee camps in Algeria. With the possibilities of the graphic novels, contents from the school environment and the everyday life of the participants were developed by means of art education, in the sense of a reflection of the own work event/ reference, for oneself and others. Drawings and personal stories from everyday life were developed in detail in the form of successive pictures and pictorial elements, sometimes including writing. In a non-verbal and playful way, the reality of life should come to face.   In particular, one's own experiential space should be experienced as a source of creativity - personal, original, self-referential should be appreciated and valued. Unconventional forms of communication were generated and established as mutually effective educational methods.
Inclusão artística e cultural em contexto de saúde mental
Authors: Iavelberg Rosa , Magro Adriana
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo discorre sobre a participação de usuários do Centro de Atendimento Psicossocial (CAPS) no universo da arte. Nesse estudo é adotada a pesquisa-ação, tendo em vista o contexto de privação que essas pessoas por ventura tenham passado. Essa opção metodológica tem como foco o aprimoramento da prática e da investigação, isto porque permite a observação sobre o processo de interação que envolve os participantes das ações. Assim, presume-se que a inclusão de novos elementos da arte e suas práticas artísticas contribui para o estabelecimento de um lugar social para além dos aspectos da saúde mental e seus atravessamentos. O uso de linhas na perspectiva da subtração, por exemplo, proporciona leveza no traço e pouco desejo na busca de um desenho idealizado – fato que colabora para a ampliação do repertório cultural das pessoas atendidas. Desse modo, elas podem encontrar em seu próprio desenho um efeito estético particular. E, consequentemente, ao inserir um campo novo de valores estéticos na ótica do grupo é proporcionado um deslocamento do olhar para o que havia sido “canonizado” como arte, cumprindo, então, com o objetivo da pesquisa.
Caracterização física de salas de recursos multifuncionais e percepções de professores em relação à presença de jogos e tecnologia no atendimento educacional especializado
Authors: Spurio Mara Silvia , Batistella Bianchini Luciane Guimarães
Published: July 2020

A prática com jogos e tecnologia tem sido evidenciada como positiva para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. No caso da Educação Inclusiva, o professor do Atendimento Especial Especializado (AEE) tem integrado jogos e tecnologias a este contexto? Realizada em um município da região norte do estado do Paraná, a presente pesquisa, caracterizada como qualitativa do tipo descritiva exploratória, objetivou: conhecercinco Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRMs) que oferecem o AEE e, em especial, identificar os jogos de mesa e digitais utilizados pelos seus professores; analisar como as professoras das respectivas SRMs concebem a prática com jogos e tecnologias. Para a coleta de dadosutilizou-se um roteiro de observação da sala de recursos e entrevista semiestruturada com 24 questões. Os resultados revelaram que, na perspectiva dos docentes, o jogo e a tecnologia são relevantes para o trabalho no AEE e, apesar da precariedade dos recursos disponíveis nas SRMs, eles podem auxiliar no processo de inclusão escolar. Reflexões decorreram deste contexto, tais como a necessidade de reorganização do serviço de apoio, a aquisição de materiais pedagógicos significativos ao aluno e de Tecnologia Assistiva apropriados, bem como o investimento na formação do professor.
Danmarks nationale interesse: Et nødvendigt instrument i en prioriteret aktivisme
Authors: Rynning Sten
Published: July 2020

Sten Rynning sætter fokus på ‘Danmarks nationale interesse’ med udgangspunkt i et af hovedbudskaberne i Taksøe-Jensens udredning: ‘at Dan- marks nationale interesse skal stå klart og guide prioriteter i udenrigspolitikken’.
Tyrkiet: Islam sat på standby
Authors: Ellegaard Lasse
Published: July 2020

I baggrundssektionen går Lasse Ellegaard bag om det tyrkiske parlamentsvalg, der ikke blot fratog den tyrkiske præsident Recep Erdogans parti, AKP, det absolutte flertal – og dermed forhindrede Erdogan i at sikre sig udvidede beføjelser til præsidentembedet – men som også for første gang bragte det kurdiske parti i parlamentet.
Diplomatspillet om Nordpolen
Authors: Lorenzen Ole
Published: July 2020

En artikl om det diplomatiske spil om Nordpolen.
Fra redaktionen
Authors: Redaktion Udenrigs
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Den globale medieudfordring
Authors: Knudsen Lisbeth
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Hvorfor skal Danmark stå skoleret for FN?
Authors: Christoffersen Jonas
Published: July 2020

Sidst i temaet beskriver Jonas Christoffersen, hvordan menneskerettigheder holdt op med kun at være på den danske udenrigspolitiske dagsorden, men også fik indenrigspolitisk relevans.
Retsforbeholdet før og nu
Authors: Christoffersen Poul Skytte
Published: July 2020

I baggrundssektionen forklarer Poul Skytte Christoffersen, hvorfor udviklingen af det retslige samarbejde i EU betyder, at Danmark må tage stilling til retsforbeholdet.
Fra lige til ulige sikkerhed i Europa
Authors: Skak Mette
Published: July 2020

Mette Skak har skrevet om Helsinki-aftalerne i 40-året for deres tiltrædelse.
Den surreelle konflikt mellem Kina og Japan
Authors: Holm Mette
Published: July 2020

Hvis det ikke var så alvorligt, ville det mest af alt minde om en hanekamp. For hvordan løse en konflikt, som aldrig nogensinde bliver kaldt ved sit rette navn?
Klumme: Verdens byer vokser – kan eksporten følge med?
Authors: Skovbro Anne , Friis Lykke
Published: July 2020

intet resumé
Bæredygtig urbanisering og dansk ekspertise
Authors: Taksøe-Jensen Peter
Published: July 2020

intet resumé
EU efter Merkel
Authors: Wivel Peter
Published: July 2020

Peter Wivel stiller spørgsmålet, hvad risikerer EU at mangle, hvis Merkel skulle forlade tysk politik ved næste valg i 2017?
Tysklands rolle i Europa
Authors: Röttgen Dr. Norbert
Published: July 2020

Dr. Norbert Röttgen, formand for Udenrigsudvalget i For- bundsdagen, analyserer Tysklands udenrigspolitiske rolle i Europa.
Spansk nervekrig
Authors: Laurvig Jørgen
Published: July 2020

Spanien er præget af politisk dødvande og Cataloniens krav om selvstændighed.
Polen: Guds legeplads
Authors: Sperling Vibeke
Published: July 2020

EU får et mere besværligt og uforudsigeligt Polen efter det jordskælvsagtige højreskred ved dette efterårs valg.
Efficacy of antimicrobial coated orthopaedic implants on the prevention of periprosthetic infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Savvidou Olga D. , Kaspiris Angelos , Trikoupis Ioannis , Kakouratos George , Goumenos Stavros , Melissaridou Dimitra , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Introduction: Implant-associated infections are a major problem in orthopaedic surgery. Local delivery systems of antimicrobial agents on the implant surface have attracted great interest recently. The purpose of this study was to identify antimicrobial coatings currently used in clinical practice, examining their safety and effectiveness in reducing post-operative infection rates.Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted in four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Cinahl) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines up to December 2019, using the key words “orthopaedic implant coated”, “coated implant infection”, “silver coating ” and “antibiotic coating”.Results: Seven articles involving 1307 patients (561 with coated implants and 746 controls who were not) comparing the incidence of periprosthetic infections after the application of internal fracture fixation, total arthroplasties and endoprostheses were evaluated. Three different coating technologies were identified: gentamicin coating for tibia nail and total arthroplasties; silver technology and povidone-iodine coating for tumour endoprostheses and titanium implants. Meta-analysis demonstrated that patients who were treated with antimicrobial coated implants presented lower infection rates compared to controls over the seven studies (Q = 6.1232, I2 = 0.00, 95% CI: 1.717 to 4.986, OR: 2.926, Z= 3.949, p<0.001). Subgroup statistical analysis revealed that each coating technique was effective in the prevention of periprosthetic infections (Q = 9.2606, I2 = 78.40%, 95% CI: 1.401 to 4.070, OR: 2.388, Z= 3.200, p<0.001).Conclusion: All technologies were reported to have good biocompatibility and were effective in the reduction of post-operative peri-prosthetic infection rates.
Middle Miocene foraminifera from Canals (Valencia, western Mediterranean). Biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental aspects
Authors: García-Sanz Ignacio , Usera Juan , Guillem Jordi , Alberola Carmen
Published: July 2020

The age and the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the tap marls outcroppings near the locality of Canals in the south of the Valencia Province (E Spain) are discussed. Based on the planktonic foraminifera assemblages, mainly the species Globorotalia praemenardii, these tap marls are dated as Serravallian in age (middle Miocene). The analysis of the foraminiferal assemblages suggests a relatively well-ventilated uppermiddle bathyal environment, with only a moderate oxygen deficiency throughout most of the studied section. The rather cool waters indicated by the planktonic foraminifera(e.g. Globigerina bulloides) are compatible with the decreasing temperatures trend during the middle Miocene due to the extension of the Antarctic Ice Cap. The abundant diatoms and radiolaria, and the highly diverse benthic foraminiferal assemblages are also consistent with prevailing upwelling conditions and a high surface productivity and carbon flux. The apparent warming trend throughout the short section analysed, together with the sharp decrease in diversity and the rise of dysoxic species like Globobulimina affinis at the uppermost sample, might indicate either a short-term warming episode or a restriction of upwelling currents, eventually resulting in more sluggish bottom circulation and less well-oxygenated waters.
Fusulines of the Hoyo Oscuro section, Ándara massif of Picos de Europa (Cantabrian Zone, N Spain). New constraints about the onset of the Variscan deformation
Authors: Merino-Tomé Oscar , Villa Elisa , Fernández Luis Pedro , Bahamonde Juan R.
Published: July 2020

The Hoyo Oscuro section (Ándara Massif, southeastern part of Picos de Europa) is a comparatively small exposure of Pennsylvanian syntectonic deposits that shown angular unconformity on the fairly extensive pre-tectonic carbonate platform strata of Pennsylvanian age accumulated in the distalmost realms of the Variscan foreland basin of the Cantabrian Zone. Fusuline-bearing strata from this section yielded species belonging to the genera Pseudostaffella, Ozawainella, Fusulinella, Protriticites, Pseudotriticites, Fusulina and Quasifusulinoides; one of these forms, Protriticites schulzei Villa, is described as a new species from the Cantabrian Mountains. Fusuline assemblages allow us to correlate the Hoyo Oscuro strata with the syntectonic successions of the northern part of Picos de Europa (Gamonedo area) and with specific intervals of the Picos de Europa Formation that, according to currently accepted models, were pre-tectonic. The age data obtained for the oldest syntectonic deposits of the studied section are of key importance, since they constitute a new anchor point confirming the onset of the Variscan Orogeny in this part of the Cantabrian Zone.
The Architecture of Paradiplomacy Regime in Indonesia: A Content Analysis
Authors: Surwandono Surwandono , Maksum Ali
Published: July 2020

Paradiplomacy as a policy and practice of foreign policy by local governments have been carried out by the Indonesian government. But the practice of paradiplomacy shows a gap between local governments, as there are local governments that are so intensive but, on the other hand, some are passive. This article explains the architecture of paradiplomacy in the constitutional dimension through tracking the message structure in a number of regulations with content analysis methods. The advance of content analysis in the constitutional dimension will be able to provide comprehensive analysis on the architecture of Indonesia's paradiplomacy and its implications for achieving national interests. This article finds that Indonesia's paradiplomacy architecture is still very administrative, procedural, and technical, which results in inability to accelerate paradiplomacy by local governments in Indonesia to progressively attain local and national interests.
Evolution of a plant gene cluster in Solanaceae and emergence of metabolic diversity
Authors: Fan Pengxiang , Wang Peipei , Lou Yann-Ru , Leong Bryan J , Moore Bethany M , Schenck Craig A , Combs Rachel , Cao Pengfei , Brandizzi Federica , Shiu Shin-Han , Last Robert L
Published: July 2020

Plants produce phylogenetically and spatially restricted, as well as structurally diverse specialized metabolites via multistep metabolic pathways. Hallmarks of specialized metabolic evolution include enzymatic promiscuity and recruitment of primary metabolic enzymes and examples of genomic clustering of pathway genes. Solanaceae glandular trichomes produce defensive acylsugars, with sidechains that vary in length across the family. We describe a tomato gene cluster on chromosome 7 involved in medium chain acylsugar accumulation due to trichome specific acyl-CoA synthetase and enoyl-CoA hydratase genes. This cluster co-localizes with a tomato steroidal alkaloid gene cluster and is syntenic to a chromosome 12 region containing another acylsugar pathway gene. We reconstructed the evolutionary events leading to this gene cluster and found that its phylogenetic distribution correlates with medium chain acylsugar accumulation across the Solanaceae. This work reveals insights into the dynamics behind gene cluster evolution and cell-type specific metabolite diversity.
Foliar application of abscisic acid mitigates cadmium stress and increases food safety of cadmium-sensitive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotype
Authors: Dawuda Mohammed Mujitaba , Liao Weibiao , Hu Linli , Yu Jihua , Xie Jianming , Calderón-Urrea Alejandro , Wu Yue , Tang Zhongqi
Published: July 2020

Cadmium (Cd2 +) is among the toxic non-essential heavy metals that adversely affect plants metabolic processes and the safety of produce. However, plant hormones can improve plant’s tolerance to various stresses. This study investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the biochemical and physiological processes and food safety of cadmium (Cd2 +)-sensitive lettuce genotype (Lüsu). Seedlings were subjected to five treatments: [(i) Control (untreated plants), (ii) 100 µM CdCl2, (iii) 100 µM CdCl2+10 µg L−1 ABA (iv) 10 µg L−1 ABA, and (v) 0.01 g L−1 ABA-inhibitor (fluridone)] for fourteen days in hydroponic system. The 100 µM CdCl2 increased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased photosynthesis and plant biomass. Moreover, it decreased the contents of essential nutrients (except copper) in the leaves but increased the contents of toxic Cd2 + in the leaves and roots of the plants. Foliar application of fluridone (0.01 g L−1) also caused oxidative stress by increasing the contents of H2O2 and MDA. It also decreased the contents of nutrient elements in the leaves of the plants. However, exogenous ABA (10 µg L−1) mitigated the Cd2 +-induced stress, increased antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthesis and plant biomass under CdCl2 treatment. Remarkably, exogenous ABA increased the contents of essential nutrient elements but decreased the Cd2 + content in leaves under the CdCl2 treatment. Our results have demonstrated that foliar application of ABA mitigates Cd2 + stress and increases the nutritional quality and food safety of Cd2 +-sensitive lettuce genotype under CdCl2 treatment.
Association of retinal nerve fiber abnormalities with serum CNTF and cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Huang Lvzhen , Tong Yongsheng , Chen Jingxu , Gao Dongfang , Yang Fude
Published: July 2020

Background

Recent studies have reported reductions in retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL) in schizophrenia. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has shown protective effects on both the neurogenesis and retina. This study aimed at investigating retinal abnormalities and establishing their correlation with serum CNTF and cognitive impairments in schizophrenic Chinese patients.

Methods

In total, 221 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 149 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum CNTF and clinical features of patients were investigated. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychology Status (RBANS). RNFL thickness and macular thickness (MT) of both eyes were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). T-tests and analysis of covariance were used to compare the variables between the patient and control groups, while multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of RNFL thickness, CNTF and cognitive impairments.

Results

RNFL was found thinner in patients than in healthy controls (right: 88.18 ± 25.84 µm vs.102.13 ± 14.32 µm, p = 0.001; left: 92.84 ± 13.54 µm vs.103.71 ± 11.94 µm, p < 0.001). CNTF was lower in the schizophrenia group (1755.45 ± 375.73 pg/ml vs. 1909.99 ± 368.08 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Decline in RNFL thickness was found correlated with course of illness and serum CNTF in patients (all p < 0.05). Similarly, cognitive functions such as immediate memory and visuospatial functions were also found correlated with decline in RNFL thickness.

Conclusion

Decline in RNFL thickness was associated with cognitive impairments of schizophrenia and CNFT serum concentration. The possibility of reduction in RNFL thickness as a biomarker for schizophrenia needs to be further examined.
Does early physical therapy intervention reduce opioid burden and improve functionality in the management of chronic lower back pain?
Authors: Martin Shedrick , Tallian Kimberly , Nguyen Victoria T. , van Dyke Jason , Sikand Harminder
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Chronic lower back pain is a leading cause of disability in US adults. Opioid use continues to be controversial despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance on chronic pain management to use nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic interventions. The objectives of the study were to assess the impact of early physical therapy (PT) intervention on improving functionality and reducing opioid burden in patients with chronic lower back pain.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective chart review of patients receiving ≥6 PT visits and treated with either opioids first (OF) or PT first (PTF) therapy for chronic lower back pain were evaluated. Concomitant use of nonopioid and nonpharmacologic therapy was permitted. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a survey measuring functionality, was recorded for PTF group. Pain scores and medication use including opioids were collected at treatment initiation and completion.

Results

One hundred and eighty patients were included in three groups: OF group (n = 60), PTF group (n = 60), and PTF + ODI group (n = 60). The PTF + ODI group had mean ODI reduction of 11.9% (P < .001). More OF patients were lost to follow up (68.3%) or failed PT (60%) compared to the PTF group, 38.3% and 3.3% (P < .001). Reduction in both opioid and nonopioid medications as well as pain scores were observed but not statistically significant.

Discussion

Early PT resulted in improved functionality, decreased pain, and reduced medication use upon PT completion. These findings suggest PT, along with nonopioid modalities, are a viable first-line option for the management of chronic lower back pain.
Effect of depression on health behavior among myocardial infarction survivors in the United States
Authors: Nicholson Brooke , Morse Shawn , Lundgren Terra , Vadiei Nina , Bhattacharjee Sandipan
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of depression on health behavior among myocardial infarction (MI) survivors.

Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study used publicly available 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. Our study sample includes adults aged 50 years or older who completed the 2015 BRFSS survey and reported having MI. The BRFSS participants with a yes response to the question, Has a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional ever told you that you had a heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction? were identified as MI survivors. The presence or absence of depression among MI survivors was identified using a similar question. Health behaviors, the dependent variable of this study, included physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, body mass index, last flu immunization, last physical checkup, last blood cholesterol check, heavy drinking, and vegetable and fruit consumption. Univariate (χ2 tests) and multivariable (binomial logistic regression) analyses were used to assess the differences in health behaviors between MI survivors with or without depression.

Results

Our final study sample consists of 20 483 older adults with MI among whom 5343 (26.19%) reported having depression. Multivariable analyses reveal MI survivors with depression are more overweight, have less physical activity, and have higher likelihood of smoking but less odds of consuming alcohol compared to MI survivors without depression.

Discussion

In this nationally representative sample of adults aged over 50 years in the United States, MI survivors with depression exhibited poorer health behaviors compared to those without depression.
Photovoice as an intervention for college students living with mental illness: A pilot study
Authors: Werremeyer Amy , Skoy Elizabeth , Burns William , Bach-Gorman Amber
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Photovoice is a participatory-action research method in which participants capture and collectively reflect upon photos of their lived experience. Photovoice participation may be beneficial for individuals living with mental illness, but its effects have not been quantitatively measured.

Methods

In this pilot study, 20 college students living with a mental illness and prescribed at least 1 medication were randomized to a Photovoice group intervention or usual group counseling, which was an active control. Participants completed the BURNS Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Medication Adherence Rating Scale at baseline and 8 weeks. Between-groups comparisons were conducted.

Results

Photovoice participants experienced a significantly greater reduction in the BURNS Anxiety Inventory (–8.5 vs –2.6; P = .049) compared to control participants. No difference was seen in change in the Beck Depression Inventory (6.7 in the Photovoice group vs 0.2 among controls; P = .26). Mean medication adherence scores worsened in both groups from baseline with no difference between the groups (1 vs 0.86; P = .16).

Discussion

Photovoice may be a resource-efficient and effective intervention to reduce anxiety among college students with mental illness; however, it may be associated with poorer medication adherence. Further study is needed to evaluate these findings.
Gabapentin-induced bilateral lower extremity edema in a patient with pervasive developmental disorder and schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Finegan Amber , Mabrouk Usama , Nelson Leigh Anne
Published: July 2020

Gabapentin binds to the alpha-2-delta subunit of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels and is used for a wide variety of on- and off-label indications. Gabapentin is dosed at total daily doses ranging from 300 to 3600 mg/d, which is generally divided into 3 doses. Although gabapentin is generally well tolerated, 1 potential reported adverse effect is peripheral edema. However, due to the extensive number of etiologies of peripheral edema, medication causes may be overlooked on an inpatient psychiatric unit. This is a case of delayed identification of a probable adverse drug reaction to gabapentin (Naranjo score of 5) consisting of painful, 4+ pitting bilateral edema and a clear dose relationship in a patient with pervasive developmental disorder and schizoaffective disorder.
Using pharmacogenomics and therapeutic drug monitoring to guide drug selection and dosing in outpatient mental health comprehensive medication management
Authors: Brown Jacob T. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Schneiderhan Mark E.
Published: July 2020

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing aided by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has the potential to improve medication-related outcomes in some individuals prescribed psychiatric medications. Many commonly prescribed psychiatric medications are metabolized through polymorphic drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome p450 (CYP) 2D6 (CYP2D6) and CYP2C19. Through PGx testing, clinicians can make biologically informed choices when selecting a new medication, and TDM may help inform dose adjustments or assess exposures to current treatments. Herein, we describe 2 complex case reports of individuals with multiple psychiatric diagnoses and extensive histories of medication failures who underwent PGx testing in addition to TDM as part of a pharmacist-led comprehensive medication therapy management evaluation in a community mental health clinic setting.
Automated and robust beam data validation of a preconfigured ring gantry linear accelerator using a 1D tank with synchronized beam delivery and couch motions
Authors: Knutson Nels C. , Schmidt Matthew C. , Reynoso Francisco J. , Hao Yao , Mazur Thomas R. , Laugeman Eric , Hugo Geoffrey , Mutic Sasa , Li H. Harold , Ngwa Wilfred , Cai Bin , Sajo Erno
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To develop an efficient and automated methodology for beam data validation for a preconfigured ring gantry linear accelerator using scripting and a one‐dimensional (1D) tank with automated couch motions.

Materials and methods

Using an application programming interface, a program was developed to allow the user to choose a set of beam data to validate with measurement. Once selected the program generates a set of instructions for radiation delivery with synchronized couch motions for the linear accelerator in the form of an extensible markup language (XML) file to be delivered on the ring gantry linear accelerator. The user then delivers these beams while measuring with the 1D tank and data logging electrometer. The program also automatically calculates this set of beams on the measurement geometry within the treatment planning system (TPS) and extracts the corresponding calculated dosimetric data for comparison to measurement. Once completed the program then returns a comparison of the measurement to the predicted result from the TPS to the user and prints a report. In this work lateral, longitudinal, and diagonal profiles were taken for fields sizes of 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, 20 × 20, and 28 × 28 cm2 at depths of 1.3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 cm. Depth dose profiles were taken for all field sizes.

Results

Using this methodology, the TPS was validated to agree with measurement. All compared points yielded a gamma value less than 1 for a 1.5%/1.5 mm criteria (100% passing rate). Off axis profiles had >98.5% of data points producing a gamma value <1 with a 1%/1 mm criteria. All depth profiles produced 100% of data points with a gamma value <1 with a 1%/1 mm criteria. All data points measured were within 1.5% or 2 mm distance to agreement.

Conclusions

This methodology allows for an increase in automation in the beam data validation process. Leveraging the application program interface allows the user to use a single system to create the measurement files, predict the result, and then compare to actual measurement increasing efficiency and reducing the chance for user input errors.
New Infrastructure for Communities Who Want to Build
Authors: Bauman Irena , Harker Kerry
Published: July 2020

Does the concentration of production of prefabricated housing elements have a negative impact on communities? Would localised fabrication facilities enhance social value in self‐build housing areas? Architect Irena Bauman and curator Kerry Harker explain their approach to and development of the Built InCommon methodology for local digital fabrication clusters.
Changing Patterns of Resilience: Exploring the Local
Authors: Bacon Nicola , Goodship Paul
Published: July 2020

The notion of resilience is often referred to in relation to data services or the effects of climate change. However, understanding of social resilience and how it can vary across urban districts over time is vital too. Social Life co‐founder Nicola Bacon and data scientist Paul Goodship outline the research organisation's resilience mapping with the London Borough of Hounslow, which supported a better understanding of community dynamics and decision‐making.
Customizing the Pore Structure and Properties of Freeze‐Cast Porous Titanium by Zirconium Acetate Additive
Authors: Wu Chuan Zong , Chen Zhu Yin , Liu Xinli , Shen Ting , Zu LiGuo , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2020

Porous titanium scaffolds with high porosity and connected macropores are fabricated by adding zirconium acetate to control the ice crystal growth during freeze casting. The influences of zirconium acetate additives on the phase composition, pore structure, and mechanical properties of porous titanium are studied. As modified by zirconium acetate, the X‐ray diffraction peaks of titanium moves to a smaller angle, and the zirconium is evenly distributed on the titanium matrix. With the increase in the concentration of zirconium from 0 to 60 g L−1, the pore morphology of porous titanium changes from typical lamellar to the honeycomb, the pore size distribution becomes wider. The average pore size and porosity increases from 44 ± 11 to 126 ± 35 μm and from 46.4 ± 1.3 to 59.1 ± 1.3%, respectively. As the concentration of zirconium acetate is 40 g L−1, the porosity and the pore size of the porous titanium scaffolds are comparable with those modified by 10 g L−1 zirconium acetate, but the compressive strength is 2.3 times higher. Zirconium acetate as an additive has an excellent performance in optimizing the pore structure and mechanical properties of water‐based freeze‐cast porous titanium.
Mechanoplastic Tribotronic Floating‐Gate Neuromorphic Transistor
Authors: Yang Xixi , Yu Jinran , Zhao Jing , Chen Youhui , Gao Guoyun , Wang Yifei , Sun Qijun , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2020

The emulation of synaptic plasticity to achieve sophisticated cognitive functions and adaptive behaviors is critical to the evolution of neuromorphic computation and artificial intelligence. More feasible plastic strategies (e.g., mechanoplasticity) are urgent to achieve comparable, versatile, and active cognitive complexity in neuromorphic systems. Here, a versatile mechanoplastic artificial synapse based on tribotronic floating‐gate MoS2 synaptic transistors is proposed. Mechanical displacement can induce triboelectric potential coupling to the floating‐gate synaptic transistor, trigger a postsynaptic current signal, and modulate the synaptic weights, which realizes the synaptic mechanoplasticity in an active and interactive way. Typical synaptic plasticity behaviors including potentiation/inhibition and paired pulse facilitation/depression are successfully imitated. Assistant with the charge trapping by floating gate, the artificial synapse can realize mechanical displacement derived short‐term and long‐term plasticity simultaneously. A facile artificial neural network is also constructed to demonstrate an adding synaptic weight and neuromorphic logic switching (AND, OR) by mechanoplasticity without building complex complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuits. The proposed mechanoplastic artificial synapse offers a favorable candidate for the construction of mechanical behavior derived neuromorphic devices to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck and perform advanced synaptic behaviors.
Improving the Efficiency of Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diode by Rational Isomer Engineering
Authors: Yang Tong , Cheng Zong , Li Zhiqiang , Liang Jixiong , Xu Yincai , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue
Published: July 2020

The development of efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with an emission wavelength beyond 600 nm remains a great challenge for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, two pairs of isomers are designed and synthesized by attaching electron‐donor 9,9‐diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DPAC) moiety to the different positions of two kinds of highly rigid planar acceptor cores (PDCN and PPDCN). Their TADF efficiencies and emission maxima (599–726 nm) are regulated by molecular isomer manipulation. Interestingly, the photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPLs) of trans‐isomers T‐DA‐1 and T‐DA‐2 (78% and 89%) are remarkably higher than those of their corresponding cis‐isomers C‐DA‐1 and C‐DA‐2 (12% and 14%). Significantly increased ΦPL values can be explained by single crystal structures and theoretical simulation. As a result, a deep red TADF‐OLED based on T‐DA‐2 displays a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.26% at 640 nm. Notably, at a brightness of 100 cd m−2, the EQE value of T‐DA‐2‐based device still remains at an extremely high level of 23.95%, representing the highest value for reported red TADF‐OLEDs at the same brightness. These results provide a reasonable pathway to optimize optoelectronic properties and thereby construct efficient red TADF emitters through rational isomer engineering.
Wrapping Chiral Nanoribbons into Coiled and Condensed Microstructures in Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Fang , Qiu Huibin , Feng Chuanliang
Published: July 2020

Hierarchical self‐assembly of small molecules into supramolecular structures across various length scales is of prominent importance to deeply understand and mimic the biological systems. Here, chiral nanoribbons that assembled from chiral phenylalanine and achiral coumarin derivatives can curve and grow into higher ordered hollow microstructures, which exhibit enhanced acid and alkali resistance. This is predominantly facilitated by the subtle hydrogen bonding interactions and specific steric hindrance between the two molecules. With the addition of metal ions and consequently, the extra association via coordination, these nanoribbons can wrap in a more condensed fashion and eventually form solid microstructures. This study provides implications in understanding the hierarchically biological self‐assembly process and is helpful for the construction of advanced artificial biomedical materials.
Photon‐Memristive System for Logic Calculation and Nonvolatile Photonic Storage
Authors: Zhang Ke , Meng Dehuan , Bai Feiming , Zhai Junyi , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2020

Memristor‐based architectures have shown great potential for developing future computing systems beyond the era of von Neumann and Moore's law. However, the monotonous electrical input for dynamic resistance regulation limits the developments of memristors. Here, a concept of a photon‐memristive system, which realizes memristance depending on number of photons (optical inputs), is proposed. A detailed theoretical derivation is performed and the memristive characteristics, as stimulated by the optical inputs based on a hybrid system, consisting of a low‐dimension photoelectric semiconductor and a ferroelectric substrate are determined. The photon‐memristive system is also suitable for nonvolatile photonic memory since it possesses three or more‐bit data storage, desirable resistance‐change space, and an ON/OFF ratio of nearly 107. The integrated circuit based on several photon‐memristive systems also realizes available photon‐triggered in‐memory computing. The photon‐memristive system expands the definition of memristors and emerges as a new data storage cell for future photonic neuromorphic computational architectures.
Electric‐Field‐Assisted Growth of Vertical Graphene Arrays and the Application in Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Xu Shichen , Wang Shanshan , Chen Zhe , Sun Yangyong , Gao Zhenfei , Zhang Hang , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2020

Owing to the development of electronic devices moving toward high power density, miniaturization, and multifunction, research on thermal interface materials (TIMs) is become increasingly significant. Graphene is regarded as the most promising thermal management material owing to its ultrahigh in‐plane thermal conductivity. However, the fabrication of high‐quality vertical graphene (VG) arrays and their utilization in TIMs still remains a big challenge. In this study, a rational approach is developed for growing VG arrays using an alcohol‐based electric‐field‐assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Alcohol‐based carbon sources are used to produce hydroxyl radicals to increase the growth rate and reduce the formation of defects. A vertical electric field is used to align the graphene sheets. Using this method, high‐quality and vertically aligned graphene with a height of 18.7 µm is obtained under an electric field of 30 V cm−1. TIMs constructed with the VG arrays exhibit a high vertical thermal conductivity of 53.5 W m−1 K−1 and a low contact thermal resistance of 11.8 K mm2 W−1, indicating their significant potential for applications in heat dissipation technologies.
Self‐Assembly Strategy for Double Network Elastomer Nanocomposites with Ultralow Energy Consumption and Ultrahigh Wear Resistance
Authors: Qin Xuan , Wang Jiadong , Zhang Yanli , Wang Zhao , Li Sai , Zhao Shaoquan , Tan Tianwei , Liu Jun , Zhang Liqun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

One of the environmental crises facing the world is pollution due to rubber auto tire destruction. The use of tires in vehicles consumes 6% of the world's energy and causes 5% of carbon dioxide emissions; it accounts for up to 10% of the microplastic pollution found in oceans. Here, a new rubber nanocomposite self‐assembled from hard and soft elastomer matrixes is designed: polybutadiene with its two hydroxy chain ends reacts with 4,4'‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate to form segmented polyurethane. This system first undergoes self‐assembly, forming well‐defined nanoscale hard domains distributed in the soft matrix. Then, cross‐linking between the soft segments is accomplished by a controlled radiation method, resulting in the double network elastomer (DN‐E). Remarkably, the DN‐E exhibits the lowest reported loss factor value at 60 °C. The index of energy dissipation in the rolling tire demonstrates a prominent reduction of 72%, accomplished with an 88% decrease in energy loss, and 85% less wear loss, as compared with best earlier reported commercial tires. These new double‐network materials open a new prospective for the design and fabrication of ultralow energy‐consumption and strong abrasion‐resistance elastomers, which establishes a milestone for the development of the next generation of green low‐pollution tires causing much less energy dissipation.
High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Excellent Infrared Reflection and See‐Through Functions
Authors: Wang Di , Qin Ran , Zhou Guanqing , Li Xue , Xia Ruoxi , Li Yuhao , Zhan Lingling , Zhu Haiming , Lu Xinhui , Yip Hin‐Lap , Chen Hongzheng , Li Chang‐Zhi
Published: July 2020

Clean energy production and saving play vital impacts on the sustainability of the global community. Herein, high‐performance semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) with excellent features of power generation, being see‐through, and infrared reflection of heat dissipation, with promising perspectives for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are reported. To simultaneously improve average visible transmittance (AVT) and power conversion efficiency (PCE), formally in a trade‐off relationship, of ST‐OSCs, new ternary blends with alloy‐like near‐infrared (NIR) acceptors are employed, which are effective to improve device efficiency while maintaining visible absorption unchanged, resulting in PCEs of 16.8% for opaque devices and 13.1% for semitransparent OSCs (AVT of 22.4% and infrared photon radiation rejection (IRR) of 77%). Further, multifunctional ST‐OSCs are realized via introducing simple, yet effective photonic reflectors, together with optical simulation, leading to not only perfect fitting of the visible transmittance peak (555 nm) to the photopic response of the human eye but also an excellent IRR of 90% (780–2500 nm), along with 23% AVT and over 12% PCE. This is thought to be the best‐performing multifunctional ST‐OSC with promising prospects as BIPVs in terms of power generation, heat dissipation, and being see‐through.