bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking potential: Integrating pronunciation into business instruction to inspire students and strengthen content teachers
Authors: Kanoksilpatham Budsaba , Pariwatnanont Chongrug
Published: June 2024

Integrating content and language instruction has gained popularity worldwide because it allows students to improve their content knowledge while concurrently honing their language skills. Although this approach seems beneficial in principle, it can be quite demanding, particularly on the content teachers’ part in practice. This study aims to examine the effect of language instruction integrated into a content class at a university in Thailand. Based on a content teacher’s voluntary participation, a class of business students (N = 52) were exposed to 5-8 minutes of English word stress instruction in eight business lessons spanning over the entire course. A similar 40 business words for the pretest and post-test were administered at the beginning and toward the end of the course. Subsequently, a focus group discussion of six students was conducted to elicit the students’ attitudes toward such integrated instruction. The analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data shows that integrating pronunciation instruction with content instruction can be beneficial. Cognitively, the students’ word stress placement skills have substantially improved, as determined by a high value of the t-test. Psychologically, the students had positive attitudes, greater motivation to learn English, higher engagement in the lessons, and more confidence in speaking English. Overall, the study demonstrates that pronunciation instruction minimally integrated with content instruction could lead to immense pronunciation success. The study has important implications for English language educators who seek to effectively integrate pronunciation instruction into their content instruction programs, benefiting both students and content teachers.
Comparative analysis of interactional metadiscursive resources in academic writing by L2 and L1 English writers
Authors: Al-Mudhaffari Musa , Hussin Supyan , Abdullah Imran Ho
Published: June 2024

Interactional Metadicursive Resources (IMRs) are established as the most common rhetorical features that assist writers in achieving interaction with the discourse community. The purpose of this study was to compare the use of IMRs in research articles (RAs) authored by Yemeni L2 writers and L1 English writers, while also examining the extent to which both groups employ these resources to achieve persuasive purposes. Based on Hyland’s (2019) model, AntConc was used as an analytical tool in a corpus-based methodology to analyze the use of IMRs in their context of use, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Moreover, Swales’ models were adapted to identify rhetorical moves in the different sections of RAs. The findings indicate that L1 writers tended to use IMRs more frequently and effectively to pursue ethos and pathos. However, Yemeni L2 writers tended to use IMRs sparingly, lacking familiarity with their persuasive role. L1 writers tended to express epistemic and affective stances and used these resources throughout their research, while Yemeni L2 writers tended to focus more on propositional content, using limited IMRs in their writing. Furthermore, unlike L1 English writers, who tended to negotiate their claims in the RA introduction and engage their audience in the RA conclusion, Yemeni L2 writers almost exclusively strengthened their line of argument when initiating and concluding their research. The study concludes by discussing the pedagogical implications of the effective use of IMRs in L2 academic writing.
Exploring collaborative scriptwriting and virtual drama performance: Enhancing English language education through technology integration
Authors: Inderawati Rita , Eryansyah Eryansyah , Vianty Machdalena , Zuraida Zuraida , Hayati Rita , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Putri Ermalati
Published: June 2024

The present study elaborates on the process of collaborative scriptwriting for drama and the implementation of virtual platforms for theatrical performances. The qualitative design approach was used to provide a detailed explanation of how the virtual drama performance about The Spread of Islam in the 16th Century by Ratu Bagus Kuning was rehearsed and recorded. The subject of the study was 18 graduate school students who took the Appreciation and Literature Teaching course in a Graduate School of English Education at a state university in Indonesia. The data obtained from observation, interview, and documentation were analyzed by utilizing a thematic process. The result of the study reveals two main findings: it emphasizes innovative scriptwriting and video presentation in virtual educational drama, and it also shows the communication, cooperation, critical thinking, and creativity involved in writing drama scripts and performing virtually. The study highlights the process of collaborative drama script writing, focusing on Palembang’s heroic tale of Ratu Bagus Kuning. Using the university’s LMS for dialogues, research, and creative collaboration, students prepared for a virtual drama performance. They paired up to draft scenes, actively applying 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking and creativity. Peer feedback and revisions improved script quality. Despite continuity issues and technical constraints, students showed resilience and adaptability. Rehearsals and the final virtual performance demonstrated their dedication and innovation. The integration of technology and cultural sensitivity highlighted virtual drama’s transformative potential, emphasizing communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity.
Ontological and philosophical basis of the causal status of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy in translation/interpretation
Authors: Iovenko V. A.
Published: June 2024

The causal status of the phenomenon of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy is considered in the article in relation to the process of translation in the format of activity ontology. In translation studies, activity ontology uses not only comparison of idiomatic units and structures, but also, for research purposes, draws on textual, cultural, psychological, philosophical, pragmatic, cognitive and other aspects and phenomena which underlie translation process as a unique manifestation of interlingual and intercultural mediation. The activity paradigm opened up new prospects for studying fundamental problems of the translation theory. Among these problems are factors (determinants) of an adequate translation that are prerequisites of a translator’s work. Ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy, the concepts world picture and closely connected world idiomatic picture are considered from philosophical, and linguistic perspectives as well as from the point of view of translation theory.

The article proves the causal status of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy as one of the most important factors determining translation activity. In order not to “lose yourself ” in the idiomatic picture of the target language, which is conditio sine qua non for an adequate translation, translators should possess professional skills to overcome conceptual stereotypes and peculiarities of the ethnic and psychological idiosyncrasy in the source language. If it doesn’t happen, translations are perceived as not quite natural and therefore are not fully adequate.

The differences in ethnic and psychological peculiarities in the communities, which enter into bilingual communication, form an ethnic and psychological differential, which should be neutralized during translation.

The author established certain manifestations of the Spanish ethnic and psychological idiosyncrasy relevant for the translator’s communicative activity in the Spanish-Russian idiomatic combination.
Getting a handle on a Hansard with Python and NLTK, or how to tame the linguistic picture of British politics with NLP
Authors: Gagarin S. N.
Published: June 2024

The article proposes an optimised starter’s set of basic Python and NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) methods that are essential in the analysis of massive textual corpora conducted as part of research investigating linguistic images of the world. The need to specify and detail these applied techniques stems from the nature and scope of the inexorable challenges confronted by contemporary cognitive linguistics and lexicology in the realm of unstructured big data analysis. Their viability and practical value are demonstrated in a series of illustrative examples where they are applied to the processing of continuous parallel diachronic corpora of Hansard that capture the discourse of both chambers of the British parliament produced in the years 2006-2023 and jointly amounting to over a third of a billion tokens.

The article suggests that the methods it outlines and classifies can be seen as forming an indispensable minimum of IT competences that is capable of delivering a substantial boost to the level of research both as regards its overall quality and its competitive edge. The proposed toolkit includes an essential set of instruments for target vocabulary processing as well as for the assessment and visualisation of word and phrase frequency and collocation.

The author presumes that, urged by the need to keep abreast of prevailing trends, the contemporary Russian researcher of linguistic images of the world is highly likely to find themselves compelled at some point to embrace the quantitative analysis methods made possible by combining Python and NLTK. As part of its substantial and varied range of benefits, the latter would arguably help them design and customise research protocols, adapting them with ease and versatility. Lastly and most importantly, the author suggests that Python and NLTK skills may serve as a comfortable gateway towards eventually upgrading one’s linguistic research to cutting-edge global standards of technological sophistication and marketability.
Innovative methodology for teaching English using the online-platform YouGlish and the Alias format (based on interdisciplinary neologisms in the field of digital healthcare)
Authors: Rakova K. V.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the author’s innovative integrated method of teaching English, which provides effective memorization of new interdisciplinary lexical units for three personality types of students according to the way they perceive information – audialists, visualists and practitioners. The relevance of the study is provided by the creation of new interdisciplinary programmes in the higher education system, which contributes to the emergence of interdisciplinary neologisms that reflect the latest social transformations in society and should be included in language training courses. The aim of the study was to develop an innovative integrated methodology to improve the efficiency and longterm effectiveness of learners’ memorisation of new interdisciplinary lexical categories in English that have emerged in the context of the digitalisation of the modern healthcare system. To search for and identify neologisms of the English language in the field of digital medicine, a content analysis of relevant scientific studies published in March 2024 in the peer-reviewed medical academic journal “The Lancet Digital Health” (Elsevier publishing house) was conducted. Based on the results of the content analysis, 16 new interdisciplinary lexical nominations were selected, using the example of which the features of the application of an innovative integrated methodology for teaching English, including the consistent use of the YouGlish online platform and the Alias game format, are revealed. The use of this methodology is effective both in the study of English neologisms by students in universities and in the development of their language skills and competencies in accordance with the challenges of rapidly changing social reality. The results of the author’s trial use of this complex methodology among students at the Faculty of International Journalism at MGIMO-University, showed that the innovative approach allows one to accelerate the memorization of English lexical units by students with different types of human thinking, as well as promotes the development of teamwork skills and increases learning motivation. The results of the author’s research can be used by teachers of language departments of higher educational institutions in the development and writing textbooks and teaching materials, as well as in the language training of future specialists, for whom interdisciplinary language knowledge, skills and competencies are in demand in the context of widespread digitalisation of key spheres of society and the transformation of the modern system of higher education.
Emotional and psychological aspect of cross-cultural communication with the Japanese
Authors: Razdorskaya N. V.
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of developing communicative competencies to create an emotional atmosphere of communication with the Japanese based on the understanding of mentality and socio-psychological intelligence corresponding to specific goals and situations. The purpose of the article is to systematize the intra-communicative features of communication in Japanese society, the consideration and study of which are important from the point of view of regulating inter-communication at the intercultural level. The novelty of the study lies in determining the influence of the emotional and psychological aspects of the extralinguistic component of communicative competence on the overall effectiveness of business communication with the Japanese. Changes in the socio-economic situation inside and outside Japan have a direct impact on the transformation of the system of relationships between the Japanese and representatives of other cultures, which is reflected in the linguistic sphere. The relevance of the material lies in the need to expand the knowledge base in the field of the Japanese language and culture (hard skill) through the ability to build adequate relationships in dialogue with a partner (soft skills), based on the understanding of the peculiarities of his mentality and allowing to increase the effectiveness of contacts with representatives of the Japanese side. When working on the article, general scientific methods were used − analysis and synthesis of scientific and educational literature, as well as media resources on this topic, synthesis and classification of the results obtained. The main objectives of the article were to highlight the emotional and psychological components of extralinguistic competence that influence positive communication with the Japanese; determine which factors may be regarded negatively and slow down the communication process; find out what the Japanese understand by communicative distancing and how important it is to observe it in Japanese society. As a result of working with the material, the main emotional and psychological fields of interaction during intra-communicative communication of the Japanese were identified and analyzed and conclusions were drawn about the spread of these fields in the conditions of a changing socio-economic situation to the inter-communicative sphere. The article concludes that for effective communication in Japanese, in addition to language skills, speech skills and knowledge of cultural traditions, it is necessary to take into account the features of emotional and psychological concepts that influence the creation of positive intentions for dialogue: 共感 stimulating communication, 違和感 making communication difficult, 距離感 amenable to regulation for communicative purposes. The results and conclusions of the article can be practically used in the educational process when developing situational exercises and conducting role-playing games based on textbooks and teaching aids on oral communication in Japanese.
The syntactic position of the “people” in the political discourse of left and right populism (NLP-based syntactic analysis experience)
Authors: Galochkin A. E.
Published: June 2024

This paper attempts to measure populism in English-language speeches of politicians using computational linguistics methods. The relevance of this study is related not only to the rise of populism in the world and the importance of understanding the mechanisms of political discourse, but also to the lack of linguistic research in the context of corpus studies. Most of the methods proposed to date require significant resources or suffer from structural limitations, especially when they rely heavily on the human annotation process to analyze extensive corpus data. The material for the study was public speeches and interviews of right-wing populist politician and 45th President of the United States Donald Trump and political rhetoric of left-wing populist politician Senator Bernie Sanders. The corpus analysis was based on transcripts downloaded from The American Presidency Project and Miller Center websites. The syntactic position of key lexical units is determined using a comprehensive method based on dependency grammar combined with natural language processing (NLP) and van Leeuwen’s linguistic theory. The application of natural language processing methods confirms the assumption that the frequency of politicians’ reference to the people is not the only relevant indicator for measuring people-centrism in (populist) political discourse, as usually proposed in the political science literature. The results of the study indicate that there is no predominant role of the people in the discourse of Trump and Sanders. In most cases, the people appear in a complementary or adjunct position, indicating their secondary importance in their rhetoric. Given that populism implies proximity to the people and is positioned as “vox populi” – “the voice of the people”, it can be assumed that for both Trump and Sanders, addressing the people is only a way to achieve their political goals.
The communicative and pragmatic potential of German traditional and modified phraseological units
Authors: Pugacheva T. A.
Published: June 2024

This article examines the traditional form and modifications of the German phraseology «in Saus und Braus leben» in the modern German press on economic topics from 2018 to 2024. The purposes of using phraseological units in the economic media discourse are diverse. Journalists, in an effort to attract the attention of the readers, use vivid and expressive phraseological units often modifying them. The purpose of the article is to determine the communicative and pragmatic potential of the traditional and modified unit, to identify ways of modifying it, and to present a lexical description of the phraseology. The work describes the functioning of this phraseology both in its traditional form and as modified within media discourse. In order to conduct the research, the following methods were used: an analytical and descriptive approach, linguistic stylistic analysis, and systematization of results, continuous sampling, complex linguistic description, statistical processing, and generalization of data. The material for this study consisted of newspaper articles published in German electronic media, such as «Manager magazin», «Die Tageszeitung», «Der Spiegel», «Focus», «Taz», «Berliner Zeitung». During the study, we found that traditional and modified forms prevail in the article body, often realizing the function of attracting attention, expressive and evaluative functions. It was revealed that the frequency of implementation of the modified phraseology is almost 1.5 times higher than its implementation in the traditional form. Both traditional phrases and their modified variants are used in their original meaning without changing the meaning of the sentence. Within the framework of the studied corpus of traditional and modified phraseological units, the following modifications were identified: change of the grammatical form, expansion of phraseology through additional components, replacement of the verb, reduction of the usual form of phraseology. In the course of the study, an expanded model of the dictionary entry was proposed, considering the specifics of the modern functioning of phraseology in the texts of economic discourse. This description will reflect both the traditional form and the structural and semantic modifications of phraseological units in the media discourse on economic topics.
Evaluation of Improvements in the Construction Production Process with the Implementation of Sustainability Indicators
Authors: Levindo Áquila Silva , Bertholdi Jonas
Published: June 2024

Objective: To investigate the adoption of sustainability indicators in civil construction, highlighting advantages and challenges.
 
Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underlie the research are presented. The environmental legislation pertaining to civil construction and the environmental indicators of the construction site already studied by other authors are highlighted.
 
Method: The implementation of this Sustainability Program aimed to carry out activities that would help maintain the balance of the construction of the enterprise with the maintenance of natural resources, in addition to bringing employees closer to the socio-environmental theme.
 
Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that it is possible to implement an environmental sustainability program in a construction site and achieve the goals of the indicators.
 
Research Implications: Investigating the feasibility of other sustainability certifications and standards can broaden the scope of application of sustainable practices in civil construction.
 
Originality/Value: This study allowed the systematic analysis of the data, showing that sustainable technology was effectively applied in the enterprise. In addition, he highlighted the positive social and environmental impact on employees, reinforcing the idea that it is feasible to build while preserving natural resources for future generations.
Study Filter Materials for Vertical Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland to Treat Wastewater from the Da Mai Noodle Handicraft Village in Bac Giang Province
Authors: Nguyễn Thành , Kim Anh Bui Thi , Thu Thuy Nguyen Thi , Hong Yen Nguyen , Hong Chuyen Nguyen , Dinh Kim Dang
Published: June 2024

Vertical subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (VSF CW) are evaluated in this research as a potentially effective and cost-efficient solution for treating wastewater from Da Mai noodle handicraft village in Bac Giang province. Due to the high pollution load in this type of wastewater, there are concerns about clogging and the stability of the technology. In this study, we explored different sizes of limestone and gravel for the five medium composition formulas in the VSF CW system. The experiments were conducted over a period of three months. We used ANOVA, one-sample T-test, and Pearson correlation analysis methods to evaluate the experimental results, with statistical significance set at 0.05. The results showed a linear correlation between medium size, hydraulic conductivity, and treatment efficiency (p < 0.05). Smaller medium sizes had higher pollutant removal efficiency but lower porosity and hydraulic conductivity. For the same sizes, limestone demonstrated higher treatment efficiency compared to gravel (p < 0.05). The Cp5 formula (comprising sand, 1×2 cm limestone, and 3×5 cm gravel) was selected as the best filter medium for VSF CW, achieving COD, TSS, TN, and TP removal efficiencies of 86.02 ± 1.71%, 81.15 ± 2.24%, 64.46 ± 2.23%, and 69.76 ± 2.68%, respectively. After three months of operation, the treated wastewater consistently met QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Column B standards, and there were no significant differences in hydraulic conductivity (p > 0.05), indicating stable operation of the VSF CW.
Problems of Implementing Village Origin Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Asrinaldi Asrinaldi
Published: June 2024

Local democracy in the village is essentially based on these rights of origin and traditional rights. This paper aims to discuss the problems of villages in exercising their rights of origin in Indonesia. To understand how these rights of origin are implemented, this article refers to the practice of Nagari as a customary legal community unit in West Sumatra Province. Not only that, enrichment related to implementing rights of origin also refers to Desa Pakraman in Bali Province. This article uses a literature study derived from documents that have been published from various sources such as articles in scientific journal, mass media news, and official government documents. This article finds that problems in the application of origin and traditional village rights arise because of strict government regulations that encourage village governments to focus on carrying out governance functions in their area. Using the principles of recognition and subsidiarity in the administration of village government results in an attitude of ambiguity in the administration of village government. As a result, the village government prefers to implement the household authority handed over to it accompanied by a budget through Village Fund transfers rather than developing the original rights that have become the identity of pre-existing local democracy.
Bhikhu Parekh's Thought on Multiculturalism
Authors: Sahfutra Suryo Adi , Supartiningsih  , Agus Himmawan Utomo
Published: June 2024

Bhikhu Parekh's conceptualization of multiculturalism offers a significant contribution to the theoretical and practical debates surrounding multiculturalism in highly diverse urban societies. In the realm of theory, Parekh's notions of multiculturalism provide an alternative discourse to the prevailing emphasis on individual and minority rights within liberal frameworks. Conceptually, Parekh categorizes cultural diversity in modern/urban societies into three forms: 1) subcultural diversity; 2) perspectival diversity; 3) communal diversity. Furthermore, he divides multiculturalism into several models, including isolationist multiculturalism, accommodative multiculturalism, autonomous multiculturalism, interactive multiculturalism, and cosmopolitan multiculturalism. This philosophical perspective on multiculturalism holds relevance in the context of managing ethnic and religious diversity in Indonesia. It underscores the emergence of awareness and 'sensitivity' to differences, starting with political and religious leaders becoming more attuned to the diversity of distinctions.
Responsive Maneuver Planning for Sun-Synchronous Repeating Ground Track Orbits
Authors: Treblow Shalom , McGrath Ciara N.
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the suitability of sun-synchronous orbits (SSOs) as an injection location for responsive, maneuverable spacecraft. This work identifies a range of near-circular, repeating ground track (RGT) orbits that can be easily maneuvered into from SSOs. Four orbits that are simultaneously sun-synchronous and have an RGT are found, which could deliver high-frequency imagery of a target with constant lighting conditions. A method for maneuvering between RGT orbits that are targeting different regions using high-thrust impulse propulsion is also presented. This method is used to model two possible case studies for targeting regions on demand starting from an SSO injection orbit. In a comparative case study with a method that used low-thrust propulsion to move between targets, it was found that the method outlined in this paper required 55% less [Formula: see text]. A case study considering urgent response times showed that RGTs covering targets could be reached in as little as 4 h from any starting location, but this could require extremely large amounts of [Formula: see text] (upward of 1 km/s), while any global target could be viewed within 18 h with a maximum [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text].
Chandrayaan-3 Trajectory Design: Injection to Successful Landing
Authors: Mathavaraj S. , Negi Kuldeep
Published: June 2024

On August 23, 2023, India became the first country to successfully soft-land near the south pole of the moon. The end-to-end trajectory design from Earth-orbit injection to the moon landing was crucial to the overall success of the mission. This paper describes the trajectory design phase, which comprised the target lunar orbit design, the maneuver strategy implemented to acquire the specified orbit, and finally the multiphase lunar landing trajectory design carried out for the powered descent phase of the lander module. The objective of the trajectory design was not only to soft-land on the moon but also to do it at a predefined site when it was illuminated. Based on this design, the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft was launched on July 14, 2023; successfully rendezvoused with the moon on August 5, 2023, as planned; and finally soft-landed near the lunar south pole.
Unsteady Surface Pressure Characterization on Launch Vehicle in Liftoff Configuration
Authors: Mears Lee J. , Nikoueeyan Pourya , Hind Michael D. , Strike John , Perry Marvin , Wimpenny Benjamin , Naughton Jonathan W.
Published: June 2024

Acquisition of unsteady pressure using remote scanners can provide practical advantages over making the same measurements directly using flush-mounted pressure transducers. However, pneumatic distortion of the signal is introduced by the tubing between the sensing module and surface port. This typically limits the usefulness of such measurements to averaged, steady data only, restricting the application of pressure scanners for unsteady pressure measurements in wind-tunnel and flight-testing applications. In this work, unsteady pressure on the surface of a 1.75%-scale model of the NASA Space Launch System Block 1B Cargo vehicle was remotely measured using an electronic scanning pressure module at the NASA Langley Research Center 14-by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. Subsequent reconstruction using an empirically tuned, Wiener-filtered inverse transfer function produced excellent agreement compared to nearby surface-mounted transducers within a usable bandwidth of approximately 500 Hz. Interactions between the launch vehicle and the support tower produced strong oscillations that were absent in the vehicle-alone configuration, and it is likely that the wake interaction leads to a resonant flow response when the launch tower is immediately downstream of the vehicle.
Radiative Heat Transfer Measurements of Titan Atmospheric Entry in a Shock Tube
Authors: Sopek Tamara , Glenn Alex , Clarke Justin , di Mare Luca , Collen Peter , McGilvray Matthew
Published: June 2024

Measurements were performed in the T6 Stalker facility operating in Aluminum Shock Tube mode for conditions relevant to Titan entry. Spatially and spectrally resolved radiation emitted from a high-temperature test gas behind a normal shock was recorded by means of emission spectroscopy. For Titan atmospheric entry, the main radiator of interest is cyano radical, formed in the nonequilibrium region behind the shock. The tests reported in this work measured radiation at velocities from 3.1 to 8.5 km/s and freestream pressures of 13, 20, and 133 Pa at a nominal composition of 98% [Formula: see text] and 2% [Formula: see text]. These shock layer radiation experiments employed an optical emission spectroscopy system on each side of the facility to allow two spectral regions to be measured simultaneously for each test, covering the spectral range of 200–900 nm. The present work provides a new, comprehensive benchmark set of data relevant to Titan entry studies.
VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA
Authors: Mendonça Barroso Ana Beatriz de , Dionísio de Andrade Mariana
Published: June 2024

O presente estudo se propõe a responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: Quais os critérios utilizados nas decisões judiciais de 2º Grau para rejeitar ou recepcionar casos de danos advindos por violência obstétrica? Para a compreensão da referida proposta, é necessário abordar o conceito de violência obstétrica, formas de manifestação, quais direitos podem ser violados por tal prática e como se dá a responsabilidade civil dos profissionais da saúde, observando o posicionamento judicial quanto a estes casos. A abordagem considerada para a construção do estudo é quali-quanti, mediante pesquisa por amostragem semi-aleatória por quotas, sendo analisadas decisões judiciais do 2º grau dos Tribunais de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, Paraná, Goiás, Pará e Bahia entre o período de 1996 a 2019. Conclui-se que as decisões judiciais analisadas se amparam em provas como laudo pericial e documentos médicos para fundamentar se houve ou não a prática de atos danosos no momento do parto por profissionais da saúde. Sendo possível observar também que a maioria das decisões consideram as condutas danosas apenas como erro médico e não violência obstétrica, o que facilita a camuflagem deste problema social, dificultando a sua prevenção.
ACESSO A ÁGUA:
Authors: De Oliveira Teixeira Juliana , Henrique Pereira Ponzilacqua Marcio
Published: June 2024

RESUMO: Pretende-se aqui apresentar uma análise sobre o acesso a água dos indígenas moradores de terras não homologadas, com base em estudo de caso nas comunidades Arara Azul e Esperança, localizadas no município de Aquidauana no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cabe-nos neste artigo verificar a forma como o direito ao acesso água foi efetivado sob a perspectiva jurídica.
PALAVRAS CHAVES: Água, Aldeia, Indígenas, Direito, Constituição Federal.
EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA COMO INSTRUMENTO DE EFETIVAÇÃO DO COMPLIANCE AMBIENTAL
Authors: De Freitas Reis Vilela Ribeiro Patrícia , Federici Gomes Magno
Published: June 2024

O Capital Intelectual é o recurso imprescindível para se realizar a transformação cultural e para se promover as adequações e inovações necessárias para perpetuação das empresas no atual mercado competitivo e exigente por transparência e integridade. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação da Educação Corporativa com o Compliance Ambiental, buscando averiguar se a Educação Corporativa pode se constituir como instrumento de efetivação do Compliance Ambiental. Para tal pesquisa, parte-se da hipótese afirmativa e adota-se a metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa e dogmática, por método hipotético-dedutivo, com técnica bibliográfica e documental. Como resultados, apuraram-se a necessidade de comprovação do programa de integridade para benefícios de dosimetria da pena e a relevância da implantação do Compliance Ambiental. Também, restaram evidenciadas a estruturação e a finalidade estratégica da Educação Corporativa, bem como suas características de continuidade, ampla conectividade e disponibilidade. Depreendeu-se, ainda, a incumbência de promoção da educação ambiental no âmbito empresarial. Por fim, conclui-se que a Educação Corporativa é meio hábil para realização do Compliance Ambiental, com meios, métodos, flexibilidade e registros para culminar em sua devida implantação, que se inicia com a própria promoção da Educação Ambiental.
Palavras-chave: Compliance. Compliance Ambiental. Educação Ambiental. Educação Corporativa.
REGIME JURÍDICO DO SECTOR PÚBLICO EMPRESARIAL EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Da Graça Francisco Macuácua Edson
Published: June 2024

O Presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo, o Setor Público Empresarial em Moçambique. O seu escopo é a análise do enquadramento legal do setor público empresarial, abordando a sua evolução e analisando as opções do legislador na sua regulação, discutindo a conceitualização legal do setor empresarial do Estado. A questão central, sobre a qual gravita a análise, reside no fato de a lei n.º 3/2018, de 19 de junho, ter definido como seu âmbito, a regulação do setor empresarial do Estado, o que suscita dúvidas, pois o conceito de setor empresarial do Estado é reducionista, não abrange o setor público empresarial não pertencente ao Estado, o que cria um vazio, pois para além do Estado-administração existem outras entidades públicas, com destaque para as entidades descentralizadas que são titulares das empresas públicas.
LEGITIMIDADE DEMOCRÁTICA NA GOVERNANÇA ALGORÍTMICA:
Authors: Iunes Monteiro Julia , Marrafon Marco Aurélio
Published: June 2024

Algoritmos já são responsáveis por mediar as mais variadas relações econômicas, políticas e sociais nas democracias contemporâneas. Atividades diversas como a moderação de conteúdo em redes sociais, a gestão de trabalhadores em aplicativos, e a provisão de serviços públicos já são impactadas pela chamada “governança algorítmica”. Frequentemente, este tipo de governança é criticado por violar regras de devido processo, concentrar poder decisório em corporações de tecnologia e produzir impactos que priorizam interesses de uma elite social e econômica, em detrimento de outras camadas da população. Diante das crescentes preocupações acerca de uma potencial “ditadura” dos algoritmos, torna-se imperativo que essa nova forma de governança, típica da era digital, seja analisada sob o prisma dos valores democráticos. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo do artigo é apontar o conceito de legitimidade democrática como uma ferramenta analítica útil tanto para a avaliação das práticas de governança algorítmica como para orientar o desenvolvimento, regulação e pesquisa da inteligência artificial. O conceito de legitimidade democrática (Scharpf’s, 1999; Schmidt’s, 2013; Haggart & Keller, 2021) nos convida a uma análise tridimensional sobre a legitimidade dos atores, processos e resultados da governança algorítmica, estimulando a adequação dessas práticas a parâmetros de representatividade, devido processo e justiça social. A partir desta lente de análise específica, o artigo identifica alguns esforços teóricos e práticos iniciais que têm sido empreendidos no sentido de democratizar a governança algorítmica, apontando também a necessidade de se ampliar uma agenda de pesquisa no campo.
Utility of immunocytochemistry in diagnosing abdominopelvic washings from patients undergoing radical surgery for endometrial cancer
Authors: Lan Zhihua , Zhang Jing , Yang Fang , Ma Xin , He Rongfang
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the efficacy of immunocytochemistry in diagnosing abdominopelvic washings (APWs) and evaluate the superiority of cytology combined with immunocytochemistry over cytology alone.

Material and Methods:

Data on APW cytology and available cell blocks from patients who underwent radical surgery for endometrial cancer between January 2021 and December 2022 were reviewed. Cytology was re-evaluated according to a five-tier system. Immunocytochemistry analysis for targets such as Sry box transcription factor 1(SOX17), Paired box gene 2 (Pax-2) protein, Phosphatase and tensin (PTEN), and β-catenin was performed on each case with non-negative cytology. Mismatch repair (MMR) protein and P53 immunocytochemistry analyses were performed using cell blocks from cases with abnormal MMR or P53 expression in their primary lesion. The accuracies of cytology combined with immunocytochemistry and cytology alone were calculated.

Results:

Overall, 126 patients were included in this study, 18 of whom demonstrated non-negative cytology of APW. Cell blocks were successfully prepared for 16 cases. SOX17 positivity was observed in 16 cases, including 1 of serous carcinoma, 1 of clear cell carcinoma, and 14 of endometrioid carcinoma (EC). Loss of Pax-2 and PTEN expression was observed in the APWs of the 14 patients with EC. MMR deficiency was noted in two patients with EC, and P53 mutation was noted in another two patients with EC. Compared with 10 metastatic carcinomas (10/18, 55.56%) diagnosed by cytology alone, 15 malignant APWs (15/18, 83.33%) were confirmed through combination cytology and immunocytochemistry. APWs were more likely to be observed in cases with more than half myometrial invasion than those with no or less than half myometrial invasion (P = 0.0067). The probability of malignant APW occurrence was slightly elevated in cases of EC exhibiting microcystic, elongated, and fragmented(MELF) infiltrative growth (P = 0.039).

Conclusion:

SOX17 is a useful Müllerian marker for distinguishing endometrial epithelium in APW. Loss of Pax-2 and PTEN expression offers evidence of metastatic endometrial carcinoma. Furthermore, positive APWs retained molecular features similar to primary lesions. The use of multiple immunocytochemical markers can effectively enhance the diagnostic efficiency of APWs.
Diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in the pathological natures of thyroid nodules: A retrospective study
Authors: Xing Guojing , Tan Wenting
Published: June 2024

Objective:

Thyroid nodules, a clinical disease with high incidence, include benign and malignant types. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) in determining the pathological nature of thyroid nodules and to conduct an in-depth analysis of its diagnostic efficacy across nodules of varying sizes.

Material and Methods:

This retrospective study identified 116 patients undergoing thyroidectomy in Zibo Central hospital from January 2022 to March 2023, with 98 meeting the study’s inclusion criteria. All patients received ultrasound and US-FNAC examinations before surgery to analyze the ultrasonic features of thyroid nodules. The diagnosis results of pathological natures obtained by US-FNAC were analyzed with the result of post-operative pathological examination as the gold standard. The patients were divided into four groups according to the median and quartile of nodular diameters to explore the diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAC for the pathological natures of thyroid nodules with various diameters and comprehensively evaluate its application value. The evaluation tool of diagnostic efficacy was the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:

A total of 98 puncture nodules were evaluated, with a diameter of 0.8–5.2 cm. Post-operative pathological examination showed 10 (10.20%) benign and 88 (89.80%) malignant lesions. The ultrasound examination showed 14 (14.29%) benign and 84 (85.71%) suspected malignant lesions. The US-FNAC results showed 2 cases (2.04%) of type I, 9 cases (9.18%) of type II, 3 cases (3.06%) of type III, 29 cases (29.59%) of type IV, 39 cases (39.80%) of type V, and 16 cases (16.33%) of type VI, including 9 (9.18%) benign and 84 (85.72%) malignant lesions and 5 (5.10%) uncertain pathological natures. According to the median and quartile of nodular diameters, specifically, 1.90 (1.60, 2.30) cm, 93 nodules with decided pathological natures were divided into groups Q1 (n = 24, ≤1.6 cm), Q2 (n = 26, 1.7–1.9 cm), Q3 (n = 24, 2.0–2.3 cm), and Q4 (n = 19, >2.3 cm). The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of US-FNAC diagnosis were 0.894, 98.80%, and 80.00%, respectively. The AUCs of US-FNAC in groups Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.978, 1.000, 0.977, and 0.971. The AUCs of Q1 group, Q2 group, Q3 group and Q4 group were all > 0.9, and US-FNAC had high diagnostic efficiency for the pathological properties of thyroid nodules with different diameters.

Conclusion:

US-FNAC has a high diagnostic efficiency for the pathological properties of thyroid nodules. Whether the nodule diameter has an effect on the accuracy of this method requires more clinical evidence.
Incidental Hypercalcemia: The Sole Presentation of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Guatam Ashish Kumar
Published: June 2024

This article aims to report a sole presentation of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) as incidental hypercalcemia. ALL is the most frequent neoplastic disease in children, with an early peak at the age of 3–4 years. ALL presents with neutropenic fever, bruising, anaemia, lymphadenopathy and bone pain. Presenting features as manifestations of hypercalcemia in ALL is extremely rare, especially in adults. More than 90% of causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. Hence, if parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels come low, malignancy is the most probable aetiology. Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy includes three distinct syndromes. Bone metastases may cause hypercalcemia. Direct bone marrow invasion occurs with hematologic malignancies such as leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Hypercalcemia is seen in <1% of cases of leukaemia. A 16-year-old male presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and burning micturition. Physical examination was unremarkable except for pallor. His laboratory studies showed haemoglobin 5.7g/dL, white cell count 5700/mm3, platelet count 51,000/dL, and serum calcium 17.1 mg/d. He was hydrated and given zoledronate IV, with which calcium level normalised and symptoms resolved. The patient had low PTH and low parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp). Peripheral smear and bone marrow showed lymphoblasts. Flow cytometry confirmed B-cell ALL with 43% blasts. Hypercalcemia revealed B-cell ALL in an adult after a thorough workup of low PTH and PTHrp, peripheral blood picture, bone marrow examination, and flow cytometry. Hence, ALL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young adult presenting with incidental hypercalcemia.
Steady-State Electrochemistry Isolates Electron Hopping from Counterion Diffusion-Migration in Planar MOF Films
Authors: Johnson Ben A. , Castner Ashleigh T. , Agarwala Hemlata , Ott Sascha
Published: June 2024

Current methods for measuring electron-hopping diffusion coefficients of planar metal-organic framework (MOF) films typically use transient potential-step experiments, assuming a simple diffusional response. However, these experiments induce a net flux of counter ions, resulting in an electric field and transport by electromigration, which can impair the accuracy of the measurement. To remedy this, we employ an alternative method based on steady-state cyclic voltammetry. By adding a mobile redox acceptor molecule to the electrolyte, the additional cross reaction between the film and the acceptor mimics a source-drain electrode configuration, generating a steady state with negligible counter ion flux. Additionally, we construct a bespoke physical model and derive an analytical expression to correct the current response for any electric field effects. Overall, this method effectively isolates the diffusional response from ionic diffusion-migration and electric field effects. We expect these results will improve the accuracy of experimentally determined electron-hopping rates of electroactive MOF films.
Triacylphosphines as Phosphorus Sources for the Synthesis of Transition Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles
Authors: Antanovich Artsiom , Iodchik Andrey , Li Jing , Khavlyuk Pavel , Shamraienko Volodymyr , Lesnyak Vladimir
Published: June 2024

Transition metal phosphide (TMP) nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a versatile material for a wide array of energy conversion/storage applications due to their robustness and a broad range of available compositions, stoichiometries, and crystalline structures. Combined with size and shape control, this opens many possibilities to tailor NPs’ electronic, physical, and chemical properties. One of the main hurdles towards broader implementation of TMP NPs consists in their challenging synthesis further exacerbated by the limited choice of available phosphorus precursors. On the one hand, the synthesis of TMP NPs can be carried out using various alkyl- or arylphosphines, which require prolonged heating at high temperatures, while on the other hand, the use of highly reactive P(SiMe3)3, white phosphorus, or PH3 poses additional obstacles associated with their hazardous nature, high cost, and limited availability. In this work, we report the use of acylphosphines as a new class of phosphorus sources for the synthesis of nickel and cobalt phosphide NPs. We demonstrate that they react with respective metal chlorides at moderate temperatures as low as 250 °C yielding amorphous/poorly crystalline NPs, which can later be crystallized at 305 °C. After ligand stripping with HPF6, the prepared NPs were shown to be an effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in the acidic medium exhibiting overpotentials as low as 50 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm², which is among the lowest overpotentials for these materials and is quite competitive to commercial platinum-based catalysts.