bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whatever Happened to the Social in American Social Thought? Part 2
Authors: Ross Dorothy
Published: January 2021

The liberal social thought of the long 1950s is best seen as an attempt to combat the threat that the United States, as a modern mass society, could succumb to totalitarianism. Widely discussed texts likeEscape from Freedom, The Vital Center, The Lonely Crowd, andThe Origins of Totalitarianismannounced the threat. Academic and theoretical studies worked to provide social supports for now weakened individuals or to find behavioral evidence that Americans still functioned as liberal democrats, but they did so by subordinating individual autonomy and mutual social responsibility to social systems, the market, and elites. Although social liberalism revived during the 1960s, the Great Society fused social liberalism to the Cold War state; the movements for civil rights and social inclusion, fueled by the desire for authenticity, veered into individualistic, identitarian channels; and radical calls for participatory democracy magnified both desires for authenticity and fears of American totalitarianism. Until the end of the century the totalitarian frame of liberal social thought continued to encourage visions of the future as a monolithic totality, to steer liberal social thinkers into individualistic channels, to hobble mutualistic conceptions of the social, and to weaken the ability of social liberals to respond to the conservative backlash that grew through the century and beyond.
Caregiving adversity during infancy and preschool cognitive function: adaptations to context?
Authors: Rifkin-Graboi Anne , Goh Shaun Kok-Yew , Chong Hui Jun , Tsotsi Stella , Sim Lit Wee , Tan Kok Hian , Chong Yap Seng , Meaney Michael J.
Published: January 2021

From a conditional adaptation vantage point, early life caregiving adversity likely enhances aspects of cognition needed to manage interpersonal threats. Yet, research examining early life care and offspring cognition predominantly relies upon experiments including affectively neutral stimuli, with findings generally interpreted as “early-life caregiving adversity is, de facto, ‘bad’ for cognitive performance.” Here, in a Southeast Asian sample, we examined observed maternal sensitivity in infancy and cognitive performance 3 years later as preschoolers took part in three tasks, each involving both a socioemotional (SE) and non-socioemotional (NSE) version: relational memory (n= 236), cognitive flexibility (n= 203), and inhibitory control (n= 255). Results indicate the relation between early life caregiving adversity and memory performance significantly differs (Wald test = 7.67, (1),P= 0.006) depending on the SE versus NSE context, with maternal sensitivity in infancy highly predictive of worse memory for SE stimuli, and amongst girls, also predictive of better memory when NSE stimuli are used. Results concerning inhibitory control, as well as cognitive flexibility in girls, also tentatively suggest the importance of considering the SE nature of stimuli when assessing relations between the caregiving environment and cognitive performance. As not all approaches to missing data yielded similar results, implications for statistical approaches are elaborated. We conclude by considering how an adaptation-to-context framework approach may aid in designing pedagogical strategies and well-being interventions that harness pre-existing cognitive strengths.
“Invasion” or “Liberation”?: Contested Commemoration in Cambodia and within ASEAN
Authors: Thun Theara
Published: January 2021

This article examines the meaning of Vietnam's removal of the Khmer Rouge in January 1979—an event that recently became a point of contention between the Prime Minister of Cambodia Hun Sen and Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong. Since 1980, Vietnam's removal of the Khmer Rouge has been adopted as Liberation Day by the Cambodian ruling political party. The article discusses three topics: (1) the Vietnamese presence in Cambodia during the 1980s and the resulting civil war, (2) three major changes in the Liberation Day narratives, and (3) reflections on Hun Sen and Lee's recent debate. It demonstrates that Hun Sen and Lee's contention reflects on how the legacy of Vietnam's removal of the Khmer Rouge has continued to be very important and sensitive in Cambodia and within the ASEAN Community today. It also examines China's successful approach to strengthening its relationship with Cambodia after more than a decade of the political confrontation and hatred during the 1980s.
Frequency, distribution, and ploidy diversity of herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum) populations of western Oregon
Authors: Bobadilla Lucas K. , Hulting Andrew G. , Berry Pete A , Moretti Marcelo L. , Mallory-Smith Carol
Published: January 2021

Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. spp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] is one of the most troublesome weeds worldwide. Lolium multiflorum is also a grass seed crop cultivated on 50,000 ha in Oregon, where both diploid and tetraploid cultivars are grown. For this work, we will refer to the species as L. multiflorum, since the common names annual ryegrass and Italian ryegrass both refer to the same species. A survey was conducted to understand the distribution and frequency of L. multiflorum and its susceptibility to selected herbicides used in its control. The herbicides selected were clethodim, glufosinate, glyphosate, mesosulfuron-methyl (mesosulfuron), paraquat, pinoxaden, pyroxsulam, quizalofop-P-ethyl (quizalofop), pronamide, flufenacet + metribuzin, and pyroxasulfone. The ploidy levels of the populations were also tested. A total of 150 fields were surveyed between 2017 and 2018, of which 75 (50%) had L. multiflorum present. Herbicide-resistant populations were documented in 88% of the 75 populations collected. The most frequent resistances were to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS), 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, and combinations thereof. Multiple resistance and cross-resistance, found in 75% of the populations, were the most frequent patterns of resistance. Paraquat-resistant biotypes were confirmed in six orchard crop populations for the first time in Oregon. Herbicide resistance was spatially clustered, with most cases of resistance in the northern part of the surveyed area. Populations resistant to ALS and ACCase inhibitors were prevalent in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. Multiple resistance was positively correlated with plant density. Tetraploid feral populations were identified, but no cases of herbicide resistance were documented. This is the first survey of herbicide resistance and ploidy diversity in L. multiflorum in western Oregon. Resistant populations were present across the surveyed area, indicating that the problem is widespread.
Spin and pseudospin solutions to Dirac equation and its thermodynamic properties using hyperbolic Hulthen plus hyperbolic exponential inversely quadratic potential
Authors: Okon Ituen B. , Omugbe E. , Antia Akaninyene D. , Onate C. A. , Akpabio Louis E. , Osafile O. E.
Published: January 2021

In this research article, the modified approximation to the centrifugal barrier term is applied to solve an approximate bound state solutions of Dirac equation for spin and pseudospin symmetries with hyperbolic Hulthen plus hyperbolic exponential inversely quadratic potential using parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy eigen equation and the unnormalised wave function were presented in closed and compact form. The nonrelativistic energy equation was obtain by applying nonrelativistic limit to the relativistic spin energy eigen equation. Numerical bound state energies were obtained for both the spin symmetry, pseudospin symmetry and the non relativistic energy. The screen parameter in the potential affects the solutions of the spin symmetry and non-relativistic energy in the same manner but in a revised form for the pseudospin symmetry energy equation. In order to ascertain the accuracy of the work, the numerical results obtained was compared to research work of existing literature and the results were found to be in excellent agreement to the existing literature. The partition function and other thermodynamic properties were obtained using the compact form of the nonrelativistic energy equation. The proposed potential model reduces to Hulthen and exponential inversely quadratic potential as special cases. All numerical computations were carried out using Maple 10.0 version and Matlab 9.0 version softwares respectively.
Reduced occludin and claudin-7 expression is associated with urban locations and exposure to second-hand smoke in allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Nur Husna Siti Muhamad , Siti Sarah Che Othman , Tan Hern-Tze Tina , Md. Shukri Norasnieda , Mohd Ashari Noor Suryani , Wong Kah Keng
Published: January 2021

The breakdown of nasal epithelial barrier occurs in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Impairment of cell junction molecules including tight junctions (TJs) and desmosomes plays causative roles in the pathogenesis of AR. In this study, we investigated the transcript expression levels of TJs including occludin (OCLN), claudin-3 and -7 (CLDN3 and CLDN7), desmoglein 3 (DSG3) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in AR patients (n = 30) and non-allergic controls (n = 30). Nasal epithelial cells of non-allergic controls and AR patients were collected to examine their mRNA expression levels, and to correlate with clinico-demographical and environmental parameters. We demonstrated that the expression of OCLN (p = 0.009), CLDN3 (p = 0.032) or CLDN7 (p = 0.004) transcript was significantly lower in AR patients compared with non-allergic controls. No significant difference was observed in the expression of DSG3 (p = 0.750) or TSLP (p = 0.991) transcript in AR patients compared with non-allergic controls. A significant association between urban locations and lower OCLN expression (p = 0.010), or exposure to second-hand smoke with lower CLDN7 expression (p = 0.042) was found in AR patients. Interestingly, none of the TJs expression was significantly associated with having pets, frequency of changing bedsheet and housekeeping. These results suggest that defective nasal epithelial barrier in AR patients is attributable to reduced expression of OCLN and CLDN7 associated with urban locations and exposure to second-hand smoke, supporting recent findings that air pollution represents one of the causes of AR.
Estimating submarine groundwater discharge in Jeju volcanic island (Korea) during a typhoon (Kong-rey) using humic-fluorescent dissolved organic matter-Si mass balance
Authors: Cho Hyung-Mi , Kim Tae-Hoon , Moon Jae-Hong , Song Byung-Chan , Hwang Dong-Woon , Kim Taejin , Im Dong-Hoon
Published: January 2021

We examined the residence time, seepage rate, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-driven dissolved nutrients and organic matter in Hwasun Bay, Jeju Island, Korea during the occurrence of a typhoon, Kong-rey, using a humic fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOMH)-Si mass balance model. The study period spanned October 4–10, 2018. One day after the typhoon, the residence time and seepage rate were calculated to be 1 day and 0.51 m day−1, respectively, and the highest SGD-driven fluxes of chemical constituents were estimated (1.7 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.1 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), 1.1 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved silicon, 0.5 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved organic carbon, 1.6 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved organic nitrogen, 0.4 × 106 mol day−1 for particulate organic carbon, and 38 × 106 g QS day−1 for FDOMH). SGD-driven fluxes of dissolved nutrient and organic matter were over 90% of the total input fluxes in Hwasun Bay. Our results highlight the potential of using the FDOMH-Si mass balance model to effectively measure SGD within a specific area (i.e., volcanic islands) under specific weather conditions (i.e., typhoon/storm). In oligotrophic oceanic regions, SGD-driven chemical fluxes from highly permeable islands considerably contribute to coastal nutrient budgets and coastal biological production.
Artificial intelligence matches subjective severity assessment of pneumonia for prediction of patient outcome and need for mechanical ventilation: a cohort study
Authors: Ebrahimian Shadi , Homayounieh Fatemeh , Rockenbach Marcio A. B. C. , Putha Preetham , Raj Tarun , Dayan Ittai , Bizzo Bernardo C. , Buch Varun , Wu Dufan , Kim Kyungsang , Li Quanzheng , Digumarthy Subba R. , Kalra Mannudeep K.
Published: January 2021

To compare the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) and Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) scores from frontal chest radiographs (CXRs) for predicting patient outcomes and the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Our IRB-approved study included 1367 serial CXRs from 405 adult patients (mean age 65 ± 16 years) from two sites in the US (Site A) and South Korea (Site B). We recorded information pertaining to patient demographics (age, gender), smoking history, comorbid conditions (such as cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases), vital signs (temperature, oxygen saturation), and available laboratory data (such as WBC count and CRP). Two thoracic radiologists performed the qualitative assessment of all CXRs based on the RALE score for assessing the severity of lung involvement. All CXRs were processed with a commercial AI algorithm to obtain the percentage of the lung affected with findings related to COVID-19 (AI score). Independent t- and chi-square tests were used in addition to multiple logistic regression with Area Under the Curve (AUC) as output for predicting disease outcome and the need for mechanical ventilation. The RALE and AI scores had a strong positive correlation in CXRs from each site (r2 = 0.79–0.86; p < 0.0001). Patients who died or received mechanical ventilation had significantly higher RALE and AI scores than those with recovery or without the need for mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001). Patients with a more substantial difference in baseline and maximum RALE scores and AI scores had a higher prevalence of death and mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001). The addition of patients’ age, gender, WBC count, and peripheral oxygen saturation increased the outcome prediction from 0.87 to 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for RALE scores and from 0.82 to 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.95) for the AI scores. AI algorithm is as robust a predictor of adverse patient outcome (death or need for mechanical ventilation) as subjective RALE scores in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth
Authors: Sun Yankun , Xu Jiaqi , Miao Xiangyang , Lin Xuesong , Liu Wanzhen , Ren Hongyu
Published: January 2021

As the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.
Decreased cortisol among hikers who preferentially visit and value biodiverse riparian zones
Authors: Opdahl Ellie , Demps Kathryn , Heath Julie A.
Published: January 2021

While outdoor recreationists often report increases to their well-being for time spent in nature, the mechanisms through which local ecologies affect human health have been difficult to quantify, and thus to manage. We combine data from pre-post salivary cortisol measures, GPS tracks, visitor photos, and surveys from 88 hikers traversing several types of landscape within peri-urban public lands in southwest Idaho, USA. We find that time in biodiverse riparian areas and areas of perceived aesthetic value correlates with decreases in salivary cortisol and improved well-being for hikers. Wildlife sightings were not associated with changes in salivary cortisol, but were associated with riparian travel and aesthetic preferences, indicating an indirect pathway for ecosystem services. Additionally, wildlife sightings decreased on high-use days, even though hikers did not perceive a negative impact of their recreational activity. These results suggest that cultural and physiological ecosystem services of nature depend on the ecological community of the area. Preferential visitation and high service value of riparian areas by hikers and wildlife alike target shared riparian areas as hot spots for management efforts to promote both ecological and human health within an increasingly urbanizing world.
An assessment of the spatial extent of polar dust using satellite thermal data
Authors: Bowen M. , Vincent R. F.
Published: January 2021

The effect of mineral dust aerosols and subsequent deposition in polar regions has historically been underestimated in climate models. Dust aerosols increase melt rates by reducing surface albedo and modifying atmospheric radiative properties. In this study 127,413 satellite images covering the Arctic and Antarctic from 2007 to 2019 were assessed for dust content using thermal infrared wavelengths. The results show a strong linear trend in which the relative spatial extent of dust (RSED) increased annually by 0.31% in the Arctic (8.5% to 12.1%) and 0.19% in the Antarctic (5.2% to 7.5%). Seasonally, the maximum aggregated average RSED occurred in the Arctic during boreal winter (11.2%), while the Antarctic peaked in austral spring (9.5%). Maximum RSED rates occurred in boreal winter/austral summer (Dec–Jan–Feb) for both polar regions. The data suggests that finer dust particles are more efficiently distributed by aeolian processes leading to higher RSED values that are not necessarily reflective of polar dust loading models.
Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging of coincidental infarction and small vessel disease in retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Kim Yong Dae , Kim Jun Yup , Park Young Joo , Park Sang Jun , Baik Sung Hyun , Kang Jihoon , Jung Cheolkyu , Woo Se Joon
Published: January 2021

There are several reports in the literature on the association between non-arteritic retinal artery occlusion (NA-RAO) and acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the burden of small vessel disease (SVD) and cerebral coincident infarction observed on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with newly diagnosed NA-RAO. In this retrospective, observational, case-series study, consecutive patients with NA-RAO who underwent cerebral MRI within one month of diagnosis between September 2003 and October 2018 were included. The classification of NA-RAO was based on ophthalmologic and systemic examinations. We also investigated the co-incident infarction and burden of underlying SVD, which were categorized as white matter hyperintensity lesion (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMB), and silent lacunar infarction (SLI). Among the 272 patients enrolled in the study, 18% presented co-incident infarction and 73% had SVD, which included WMH (70%), CMB (14%), and SLI (30%). Co-incident infarction, WMH, and SLI significantly increased with age: co-incident infarction was observed in 8% of young (< 50 years) patients and 30% of old (≥ 70 years) patients. The embolic etiology of RAO (large artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and undetermined etiology) was significantly associated with the prevalence of SVD (82%: 70%: 64%, P = 0.002) and co-incident infarction (30%: 19%: 8%; P = 0.009). Therefore, high co-incidence of acute cerebral infarction and underlying SVD burden warrant careful neurologic examination and appropriate brain imaging, followed by management of NA-RAO. Urgent brain imaging is particularly pertinent in elderly patients with NA-RAO.
Macular vessel density, branching complexity and foveal avascular zone size in normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Cheng Kelvin K. W. , Tan Beatrice L. , Brown Lyndsay , Gray Calum , Bianchi Eleonora , Dhillon Baljean , MacGillivray Tom , Tatham Andrew J.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glaucoma severity and perifoveal vessel density (pfVD), branching complexity, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). 31 patients with NTG washed out of glaucoma medications were subjected to tests including; intraocular pressure measurement; standard automated perimetry; optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC), inner macular thickness (IMT) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL); and OCT angiography measurement of pfVD, FAZ perimeter and multispectral fractal dimensions (MSFD). Eyes with more severe glaucoma had significantly thinner mGCC and cpRNFL and lower pfVD. MD decreased by 0.4 dB (95% CI 0.1 to 0.6 dB, P = 0.007) for every 1% decrease in pfVD. Lower MSFD was observed in eyes with lower pfVD and in patients with systemic hypertension. Multivariable analysis, accounting for age and OCTA quality, found lower pfVD remained significantly associated with thinner IMT, thinner mGCC and worse MD but not with MSFD. pfVD was reduced in NTG and was diminished in eyes with worse MD. Macular vessel branching complexity was not related to severity of visual field loss but was lower in patients with systemic hypertension.
Speech adapts to differences in dentition within and across populations
Authors: Everett Caleb , Chen Sihan
Published: January 2021

We test the hypothesis that a specific anatomical feature, the dental malocclusion associated with reduced dental wear, causes languages to adapt by relying more heavily on labiodental consonants. In contrast to previous work on this topic, we adopt a usage-based approach that directly examines the relative frequency of such labiodental sounds within phonetically transcribed word lists and texts from thousands of languages. Labiodentals are shown to be very infrequent in the languages of hunter gatherers, who tend to have edge-to-edge bites as opposed to the overbite and overjet observed in populations that consume softer diets and rely heavily on eating utensils. This strong tendency is evident after controlling for Galton’s problem via multiple methods including frequentist and Bayesian linear mixed modeling. Additionally, we discuss data from Amazonian hunter gatherers with edge-to-edge bites. The languages of these populations are shown not to use labiodentals frequently, or to have only recently begun doing so. Finally, we analyze the speech of English speakers with varying bite types, demonstrating how the sounds used by individuals reflect the same phenomenon. The diverse findings converge on the same conclusion: speech adapts to anatomical differences within and across populations.
Morphometric and total protein responses in Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide
Authors: Mashela Phatu W. , Shokoohi Ebrahim
Published: January 2021

After hatch, second-stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes could spend at least 12 weeks in soil solutions searching for penetration sites of suitable host plants. The external covering of nematodes, the cuticle, consists of various layers that contain glycoproteins, lipids, soluble proteins (collagens) and insoluble proteins (cuticulins). Generally, cucurbitacins are lipophilic, but there is scant information on how cuticular proteins relate to these complex terpenoids. A study was conducted to investigate the nature and extent of damage post-exposure of J2 to a wide range of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide concentrations. Post-72 h exposure to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide, nematode morphometrics versus phytonematicides exhibited either negative quadratic, positive quadratic, or negative linear relations, with the models explained by significant (P < 0.05) associations (R-squared). Similarly, total proteins versus phytonematicide exhibited significant negative quadratic relations. The principal component analysis indicated that concentration level of 2–4% of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide have the highest impact on the morphometric changes of J2. In conclusion, the nature and extent of damage suggested that Nemafric-BL phytonematicide was highly nematicidal as opposed to being nematostatic, thereby explaining its potent suppressive effects on nematode population densities.
The preference of Trichopria drosophilae for pupae of Drosophila suzukii is independent of host size
Authors: Häussling Benedikt J. M. , Lienenlüke Judith , Stökl Johannes
Published: January 2021

Controlling the cosmopolitan pestDrosophila suzukii(spotted wing drosophila) is a challenge for fruit growers. A promising agent for biological control of that pest are parasitoid wasps. Especially the widespread pupal parasitoidTrichopria drosophilaehad shown the ability to parasitise the pest fly. However, as a biocontrol agent, parasitoids can only be effective when they prefer the pest to other insects. Until now studies have been inconsistent concerning the preference ofT. drosophilaeforD. suzukiiand whether the preference depends on pupal volume. To clarify this inconsistency, we used video recordings of parasitisation experiments with a set up to observe the direct host preference of the parasitoid. Additionally, the volume of each host pupa was measured. We found significant preference ofT. drosophilaeforD. suzukiipupae independent of the pupal size and of the host species the wasps were reared on. The article also discusses the sex ratio and the success of the parasitoid in the different pupae characteristics.
Early myocardial damage (EMD) and valvular insufficiency result in impaired cardiac function after multiple trauma in pigs
Authors: Weber Birte , Lackner Ina , Baur Meike , Gebhard Florian , Pfeifer Roman , Cinelli Paolo , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Teuben Michel , Pape Hans-Christoph , Imhof Armin , Lipiski Miriam , Cesarovic Nikola , Kalbitz Miriam
Published: January 2021

One third of multiple trauma patients present abnormal echocardiographic (ECHO) findings. Therefore, ECHO diagnostic after trauma is indicated in case of hemodynamic instability, shock, after chest trauma and after cardiac arrest. 20 male pigs underwent multiple trauma. Blood samples were collected 4 and 6 h after trauma and concentrations of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) as a biomarker for EMD were measured. Myocardial damage was evaluated by scoring Hematoxylin–Eosin stained sections. At baseline, 3 and 6 h after trauma, transesophageal ECHO (TOE) was performed, invasive arterial and left ventricular blood pressure were measured to evaluate the cardiac function after multiple trauma. Systemic HFABP concentrations were elevated, furthermore heart injury score in multiple trauma animals was increased determining EMD. A significant decrease of blood pressure in combination with a consecutive rise of heart frequency was observed. Ongoing depression of mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were accompanied by changes in ECHO-parameters indicating diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Furthermore, a valvular dysfunction was detected. In this study complex myocardial and valvular impairment after multiple trauma in pigs has been observed. Therefore, detection of EMD and progressive valvular dysfunction might be crucial and therapeutically relevant.
Bacterial synthesis of PbS nanocrystallites in one-step with l-cysteine serving as both sulfur source and capping ligand
Authors: Wei Shiping , Guo Ce , Wang Lijuan , Xu Jiangfeng , Dong Hailiang
Published: January 2021

The green bacterial biosynthesis of lead sulfide nanocrystallites by l-cysteine-desulfurizing bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus SH72 was demonstrated in this work. Nanocrystals formed by this bacterial method were characterized using the mineralogical and morphological approaches. The results revealed that the microbially synthesized PbS nanocrystals assume a cubic structure, and are often aggregated as spheroids of about 105 nm in size. These spheroids are composed of numerous nanoparticles with diameter 5–10 nm. Surface characterization of the bacterial nanoparticles with FTIR spectroscopy shows that the l-cysteine coats the surface of PbS nanoparticle as a stabilizing ligand. The optical features of the PbS nanocrystallites were assessed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy. The maximum absorption wavelength of the bacterial PbS particles occurs at 240 nm, and the photoluminescence emission band ranges from 375 to 550 nm. The band gap energy is calculated to be 4.36 eV, compared to 0.41 eV for the naturally occurring bulk PbS, with this clear blue shift attributable to the quantum size effect.
Aluminum doped zinc oxide deposited by atomic layer deposition and its applications to micro/nano devices
Authors: Van Toan Nguyen , Tuoi Truong Thi Kim , Inomata Naoki , Toda Masaya , Ono Takahito
Published: January 2021

This work reports investigation on the deposition and evaluation of an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin film and its novel applications to micro- and nano-devices. The AZO thin film is deposited successfully by atomic layer deposition (ALD). 50 nm-thick AZO film with high uniformity is checked by scanning electron microscopy. The element composition of the deposited film with various aluminum dopant concentration is analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, a polycrystalline feature of the deposited film is confirmed by selected area electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The lowest sheet resistance of the deposited AZO film is found at 0.7 kΩ/□ with the aluminum dopant concentration at 5 at.%. A novel method employed the ALD in combination with the sacrificial silicon structures is proposed which opens the way to create the ultra-high aspect ratio AZO structures. Moreover, based on this finding, three kinds of micro- and nano-devices employing the deposited AZO thin film have been proposed and demonstrated. Firstly, nanowalled micro-hollows with an aspect ratio of 300 and a height of 15 µm are successfully produced
. Secondly, micro- and nano-fluidics, including a hollow fluidic channel with a nanowall structure as a resonator and a fluidic capillary window as an optical modulator is proposed and demonstrated. Lastly, nanomechanical resonators consisting of a bridged nanobeam structure and a vertical nanomechanical capacitive resonator are fabricated and evaluated.
Extraspinal findings prevalence and clinical significance in 4250 lumbar spine MRI exams
Authors: Khasawneh Ruba A. , Mohaidat Ziyad , Khasawneh Firas A. , Farah Ahmad , Gharaibeh Maha , El-Heis Mwaffaq
Published: January 2021

To assess extraspinal findings (ESFs) prevalence in lumbar spine MRI, including clinically significant findings using a systematic approach, and to determine their reporting rate. Lumbar spine MRI scans were retrospectively reviewed over 18 months by two radiologists. Reading discrepancies were resolved by consensus. ESFs were classified according to the involved system, clinical diagnosis, and clinical significance. The reporting rate was estimated by referring to the original report. There were 1509 ESFs in 1322/4250 patients with a substantial agreement between the two radiologists (kappa = 0.8). Almost half (621/1322) were in the 45–60 age group. Females represented 56.6% (748/1322). 74.2% (1120/1509) of the ESFs involved the urinary system among which 79.6% (892/1120) were renal cysts. Clinically significant findings represented 8.7% (131/1509) among which hydronephrosis represented 23% (30/131). First time detected malignant lesions represented 4.6% (6/131). ESFs reporting rate was 47.3%. 58.8% of the clinically significant ESFs were not reported. ESFs prevalence was 31.1%. The Urinary system was the most commonly involved. Most ESFs were benign warranting no further workup. However, clinically significant ESF were not infrequently detected. More than half of the clinically significant findings were not reported. A systematic review of MRI images is highly recommended to improve patient’s outcome.
Determination of water content in municipal sludge by multiple headspace extraction gas chromatography
Authors: Zhao Ting , Hu Zhanbo , Chai Xin-Sheng , Zheng Yukai , Xu Binxin , Ouyang Xiao
Published: January 2021

This paper reports a new method for the determination of sludge water content by a multiple headspace extraction gas chromatographic (MHE-GC) method. It is based on the water vapor signals in the sample vial from the first five extractions.
A double-potential ratiometric electrochemiluminescence platform based on g-C3N4 nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs) and graphene quantum dots for Cu2+ detection
Authors: Liu Yiming , Sun Yanan , Yang Minli
Published: January 2021

A dual-potential ratiometric ECL platform was designed for Cu2+ detection based on the ratio of cathode signal from g-C3N4 NSs and anode signal from GQDs.
Development of a primary reference material of natural C-reactive protein: verification of its natural pentameric structure and certification by two isotope dilution mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jianyi , Zhu Wen , Sun Haofeng , Song Dewei , Xiao Peng , Xu Bei , Li Hongmei
Published: January 2021

Development of a primary reference material of natural C-reactive protein: verification of its natural pentameric structure and certification by two isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
A general strategy to prepare atomically dispersed biomimetic catalysts based on host–guest chemistry
Authors: Han Xiao , Chen Zheng , Chen Wenxing , Lv Chunlin , Ji Yongjun , Li Jing , Cheong Weng-Chon , Lei Xiaojuan , Peng Qing , Chen Chen , Wang Dingsheng , Lian Chao , Li Yadong
Published: January 2021

A general strategy to prepare atomically dispersed transition metals in a β-cyclodextrin polymer with similar structure and function as enzymes.
Catalytic asymmetric oxidative carbonylation-induced kinetic resolution of sterically hindered benzylamines to chiral isoindolinones
Authors: Mu Qiu-Qi , Nie Yi-Xue , Li Hang , Bai Xing-Feng , Liu Xue-Wei , Xu Zheng , Xu Li-Wen
Published: January 2021

A highly enantioselective kinetic resolution of sterically hindered benzylamines has been achieved for the first time through transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation.
Palladium-catalyzed selective B(3)–H arylation of o-carboranes with arylboronic acids at room temperature
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Wu Yuanbo , Fu Yatong , Yang Jianxin , Lu Jian , Lu Ju-You
Published: January 2021

A palladium-catalyzed selective B(3)–H arylation of o-carboranes under room temperature has been developed using readily available arylboronic acids as the aryl source, and the corresponding 3-aryl-o-carboranes were obtained in good to excellent yields.
Porous CoSe2@N-doped carbon nanowires: an ultra-high stable and large-current-density oxygen evolution electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Shen Qi , Men Dandan , Sun Yujie , Cao Wenwen , Lee Jin Yong , Kang Baotao , Sun Yiqiang , Li Cuncheng
Published: January 2021

Nitrogen-doped carbon functional CoSe2 nanowires (CoSe2@N–C NWs), which act as potential oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with large current density and high stability, have been reported.
Efficient hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using a synergistically bimetallic Ru–Ir/C catalyst
Authors: Wang Yinghao , Wang Yongxing , Lu Yaowei , Cao Qiue , Fang Wenhao
Published: January 2021

Strong electronic interactions in a highly-dispersed Ru–Ir/C alloy nanocatalyst can synergistically promote hydrogenation–hydrogenolysis of HMF at low temperature to DMF on Ru0–Ir0 centers in H2 with no additives.
Thiophene-based twisted bistricyclic aromatic ene with tricoordinate boron: a new n-type semiconductor
Authors: Adachi Yohei , Nomura Takanori , Tazuhara Shion , Naito Hiroyoshi , Ohshita Joji
Published: January 2021

A new boron-embedded bistricyclic aromatic ene (BAE) exhibits a low-energy absorption and obvious n-type semiconducting character with moderate electron field-effect mobilities in OFETs.
Construction of indeno[1,2-b]pyrroles via chemoselective N-acylation/cyclization/Wittig reaction sequence
Authors: Edukondalu Athukuri , Vagh Sandip Sambhaji , Lin Ting-Han , Lin Wenwei
Published: January 2021

An unprecedented chemoselective N-acylation/cyclization/Wittig reaction sequence for the efficient synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]pyrroles and rearranged indeno[1,2-b]pyrrole derivatives is demonstrated, employing phosphorus zwitterions, acyl chlorides and Et3N.
Cascade communication in disordered networks of enzyme-loaded microdroplets
Authors: Pavlovic Marko , Antonietti Markus , Zeininger Lukas
Published: January 2021

A network of aqueous emulsion droplets that exhibits programmed and directional chemical inter-droplet communication is described.
Boosting activity of molecular oxygen by pyridinium-based photocatalysts for metal-free alcohol oxidation
Authors: Ma Shuai , Cui Jing-Wang , Rao Cai-Hui , Jia Meng-Ze , Chen Yun-Rui , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2021

Pyridinium molecules are developed as electron- and energy-transfer mediators to boost the activity of air oxygen and thus achieve highly efficient photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols without any noble metal and additional co-catalysts/additives under mild conditions.
Photocatalyzed redox-neutral decarboxylative alkylation of heteroaryl methanamines
Authors: Niu Pengfei , Yang Jingya , Yuan Yong , Zhang Yongxin , Zhou Chenxing , Bao Xiazhen , Huo Congde
Published: January 2021

A redox-neutral decarboxylative radical–radical coupling reaction of heteroaryl methylamines with NHPI esters has been developed by employing a copper complex as a photocatalyst with blue LED irradiation.
Thermal transport across wrinkles in few-layer graphene stacks
Authors: Mohapatra A. , Das S. , Majumdar K. , Ramachandra Rao M. S. , Jaiswal Manu
Published: January 2021

Thermal transport is strongly influenced by wrinkles in films of few-layer graphene crystallites with rotational stacking faults, as revealed from Raman optothermal measurements.
(4 + 2) cyclization of aza-o-quinone methides with azlactones: construction of biologically important dihydroquinolinone frameworks
Authors: Wang Hai-Qing , Ma Wenjing , Sun Ao , Sun Xin-Yue , Jiang Chao , Zhang Yu-Chen , Shi Feng
Published: January 2021

A base-promoted (4 + 2) cyclization of N-(o-chloromethyl)aryl amides with azlactones was established, which helped construct biologically important dihydroquinolinone frameworks in good yields.
Recent advances of hierarchically porous bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Meng Zihan , Chen Neng , Cai Shichang , Wang Rui , Wu Jiawei , Tang Haolin
Published: January 2021

This review focuses on MOF-derived hierarchically porous electrocatalysts with rapid mass/charge transfer for Zn–air batteries under triple-phase conditions for the ORR/OER.
The structure–activity correlation of bifunctional MnO2 polymorphoric and MoS2-based heterostructures: a highly efficient, robust electrochemical water oxidation and reduction reaction catalyst in alkaline pH
Authors: Bolar Saikat , Shit Subhasis , Samanta Prakas , Chandra Murmu Naresh , Kuila Tapas
Published: January 2021

Phase controlled heterostructure derived from polymorphic MnO2 and MoS2 emerged as an advanced electrocatalyst. The decreased average oxidation state and layered interaction within the heterostructure significantly monitored water splitting process.
Joint active and passive beamforming optimization for multigroup multicast system aided by intelligent reflecting surface
Authors: Wang Junzhi , Liao Xiangbai , Liu Yingzhuang
Published: January 2021

An intelligent‐reflecting‐surface aided multigroup multicast communication system is investigated in this paper. We develop energy‐efficient designs for both the precoding matrix at the base station and passive reflecting beamforming at intelligent‐reflecting‐surface, subject to the minimum signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio constraint of each user and the unit‐modulus constraint imposed by passive intelligent‐reflecting‐surface. This leads to a complex non‐convex problem for which to tackle we propose two novel algorithms based on alternating optimization techniques. Specifically, one algorithm employs semi‐definite relaxation to obtain the suboptimal reflection coefficient vector and suboptimal precoding vector for each group. In order to reduce the computational complexity, the second algorithm transforms this non‐convex problem into two second‐order cone programming problems. Numerical results show that intelligent‐reflecting‐surface can significantly reduce the power consumption of the base station.
Stabilization of stochastic functional differential systems by steepest descent feedback controls
Authors: Yang Xuetao , Zhu Quanxin
Published: January 2021

The mean‐square exponential stabilization and stochastically asymptotical stabilization for a class of stochastic functional differential systems is studied. Based on the definitions of derivatives of functionals, the generalized Itô operator for functionals and compound functions is established. Furthermore, the novel Lyapunov functionals and the induced steepest descent feedback controls are constructed to obtain such stability conditions that are weaker than the classical ones. Together with the generalized Itô operator and the steepest descent feedback controls, mean‐square exponential stabilization and stochastically asymptotical stabilization for stochastic functional differential systems are investigated, respectively. As applications, two examples are given to illustrate the derived results: one is a stochastic mass–spring–damper model and the other is a numerical example with simulation figures.
HESS J1858+020: A GeV-TeV source possibly powered by cosmic rays from SNR G35.6-0.4
Authors: Cui Y. , Xin Y. , Liu S. , Tam P. H. T. , Pühlhofer G. , Zhu H.
Published: January 2021

Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) G35.6−0.4 shows a non-thermal radio shell, however, no γ-ray or X-ray counterparts have been found for it thus far. One TeV source, HESS J1858+020, was found near the SNR and this source is spatially associated with some clouds at 3.6 kpc.

Aims. To attain a better understanding of the origin of HESS J1858+020, we further investigate the association between SNR cosmic rays (CRs) and the clouds through the Fermi-LAT analysis and hadronic modeling.

Methods. We performed the Fermi-LAT analysis to explore the GeV emission in and around the SNR. We explored the SNR physics with previously observed multi-wavelength data. We built a hadronic model using runaway CRs of the SNR to explain the GeV-TeV observation.

Results. We found a hard GeV source (SrcX2) that is spatially coincident with both HESS J1858+020 and a molecular cloud complex at 3.6 kpc. In addition, a soft GeV source (SrcX1) was found at the northern edge of the SNR. The GeV spectrum of SrcX2 connects well with the TeV spectrum of HESS J1858+020. The entire γ-ray spectrum ranges from several GeV up to tens of TeV and it follows a power-law with an index of ~2.15. We discuss several pieces of observational evidence to support the middle-aged SNR argument. Using runaway CRs from the SNR, our hadronic model explains the GeV-TeV emission at HESS J1858+020, with a diffusion coefficient that is much lower than the Galactic value.
Research on the Supervision of vehicle 4G Video Surveillance platform in Freight Company
Authors: Niu Jiageng , Zheng Lanlan , Li Xianghong , Song Huiying
Published: January 2021

In order to solve the difficult problem of dynamic driving detection in vehicle transportation for a long time, Jiaozuo Transportation Bureau took the lead in using 4G platform for dynamic supervision of driver behavior, so as to reduce driving accidents. According to the data provided by Jiaozuo freight company, this paper analyzes the internal relationship among vehicle qualified rate, 4G video vehicle monitoring and evaluation project score and alarm record. And according to the relationship between the three, we use SPSS software to analyze the correlation and cluster of freight companies, and study the closed-loop disposal and company policy of companies with good operation.
Research status and hot spot visualization analysis of “gas safety” based on CiteSpace
Authors: Li Ru , Huang Hui , Zhang Jia , Zhang Mengxin
Published: January 2021

Taking “gas” and “safety” as the theme, this paper adopts bibliometric method and visual analysis method, and makes use of CiteSpace software to analyze the current research situation in the field of domestic gas safety in terms of keywords, authors, institutions, etc. , understand the research process hot spots and risk points, in order to better promote gas safety management. The results show that at present, there are many hot spots in gas safety research, especially in safety management. Many excellent authoritative scholars published papers, some of the key authors have initially established a small-scale literature cooperation network and close contact. In contrast, the agency appears slightly single, the research force is more scattered. More universities should be encouraged to participate in research on related topics, and inter-agency cooperation and exchanges at a deeper level should be strengthened to share development results and gradually form stable cooperation clusters.
Research on Planning and Optimization of Integrated Energy system for ubiquitous access
Authors: Chen Baosheng , han Xu , Zhang Weiqi , Tian Hankui , Wei Dongni , Che Bin
Published: January 2021

With the development of society, people’s demand for clean energy is constantly increasing, and it is in this context that the concept of integrated energy systems was born. As the main component of the energy internet, the integrated energy system is now considered to be the main form of energy operation in the future of human society, and the synergistic optimization of different forms of energy can better enhance energy utilization and achieve the effect of 1+1>2. The planning and design of the comprehensive energy system will involve the data collation and characteristic analysis of energy types, so many factors should be taken into account when planning the specific scheme and operation of the comprehensive energy system’s general access, different types of energy forms should be fully considered in the planning of the characteristics of the energy, such as easy control of electrical energy, convenient production, but it is difficult for us to make a decision within a short period of time under normal circumstances.
On the Evolution of Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment in Eastern Beijing Plain in the Last 70,000 Years Based on the Sediment Chronological Framework
Authors: Li Tengfei
Published: January 2021

To study the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of eastern Beijing Plain, this paper, based on particle size analysis and sporopollen analysis, constructs a sediment chronological framework. Combining with the analysis of previous research outcomes, it reveals the evolution process and rules of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of eastern Beijing Plain. The research shows that the climate and environment of the eastern Beijing Plain has changed from humid and cold, humid and warm to dry and cool, which provides some research basis for studying the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of Beijing Plain, and even the world’s paleoenvironment and paleoclimate, presenting a great significance.