bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Present approaches to evaluation of anthropogenous changes in landscape as a factor of flood risk
Authors: Langhammer Jakub , Vilímek Vít
Published: October 2020

Flood risks can be evaluated from two points of view, the economic and the process one. The economic approach parts from consequences of the causal event when the risk is defined as the function of probability of occurrence of a certain phenomenon and of potential damage. The process approach evaluates the risk via main processes and factors involved in the risk development. The risk is then defined on the basis of three factors - hazard, exposure, vulnerability (Barredo et al. 2005, Crichton 1999, Kron 2003). Anthropogenous changes in the landscape represent, according to the process approach to risks, one of the vulnerability factors. Vulnerability of environment in relation to values exposed to the hazard represents their susceptibility to damage occurrence and is decisive for the extent of damage. Large changes in intensity, character and structure of land-use occurring in the cultural landscape during these last centuries, affect changes in outflow conditions of the catchment and can thus influence the course of floods. Vulnerability is a risk element which can be, differently from the other risk components, at least partly influenced and controlled. While natural processes representing a source of hazard cannot be influenced and accumulation of property in flood areas can be only hardly reduced, it is possible to purposefully reduce vulnerability both of natural environment and of social links in a way to minimize consequences of natural elements activities, to increase the efficiency of flood control measures and to limit damages to a strict minimum corresponding to the extremity of the phenomenon.
Rainfall-runoff modelling in small and middle-large catchments - an overview
Authors: Jeníček Michal
Published: October 2020

A rainfall-runoff modelling is nowadays a dynamically developing department of hydrology and water management. This development is caused by a rapid progress of computers and information technologies. This evolution provides the mankind with new possibilities to use water as its basic need and at the same time to evolve an effective protection against it. The aim of this article is to give some basic information about rainfall-runoff modelling, various approaches to it, methods and possibilities of application. This kind of information may help the user with the choice of the suitable rainfall-runoff model. Rainfall-runoff or hydraulic models have many different applications, e.g. in operational hydrology, water resource management or in research. Typical structure of any rainfall-runoff model, come out from a simplified catchment structure as a system of vertical ordered reservoirs, which form a linear cascade model. The main reservoirs are precipitation, evapotranspiration (together with interception), direct runoff, runoff in unsaturated zone (interflow), base flow and channel flow. For computation of processes running in each of these reservoirs (filling or drainage), many equations (model techniques) are applied. This structure and presented modelling techniques are used in the most common models like HEC-HMS, MIKE-SHE, Sacramento (SAC-SMA), NASIM, HBV and many others.
The Role of Sprayer`s Characteristics and Foliar Spraying for Improving the Maize Growth and Yield
Authors: Alheidary Majid H. , Al-shaheen Madyan S, , Al abdullah Sundus A.
Published: October 2020

: The field experiment was performed during the autumn growing season 2019 in Al Khyoot village of the Qurna town which is located at 75 km northern Basrah city centre. For improving the maize growth and yield, the effect of foliar spraying with iron and zinc and the most important technological characteristics of the knapsack sprayer such as nozzle types was studied. Three nozzle types were investigated as standard Flat fan nozzle, Hollow cone nozzle, and Tip nozzle (as reference nozzle in this study). Three foliar concentrations (0, Zn30 + Fe100 and Fe100+ Zn30) as well as a 16- litre capacity of the knapsack sprayer were used for fertilizer spraying experiments. All field experiments were carried out using the complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant effect of the nozzle type and foliar spraying on the plant growth and yield characteristics as plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, number of grains, and yields (152.39 cm, 1.88 cm, 13.98, 4559 cm2, 376.51 and 5.51 Mg ha-1 respectively). Also, these characteristics showed an increase percentage as following (2.79%, 2.25%, 0.60%, 3.11%, 3.70%, and 1.73% respectively) when the hollow cone nozzle was used compared to the reference nozzle. In addition, an interaction between the studied factors also appeared a significant difference in the grain number and yield characteristics.
Control in Inhibitory Genetic Regulatory Network Models
Authors: Ogorelova D. , Sadyrbaev F. , Sengileyev V.
Published: October 2020

The system of two the first order ordinary differential equations arising in the gene regulatory networks theory is studied. The structure of attractors for this system is described for three important behavioral cases: activation, inhibition, mixed activation-inhibition. The geometrical approach combined with the vector field analysis allows treating the problem in full generality. A number of propositions are stated and the proof is geometrical, avoiding complex analytic. Although not all the possible cases are considered, the instructions are given what to do in any particular situation.
A Study on the Influence of Oil Palm Trunk Fiber on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Shrinkage of Foamcrete
Authors: Mydin Md Azree Othuman , Mohd Nawi Mohd Nasrun , Che Munaaim Muhammad Arkam , Mohamed Othman
Published: October 2020

Presently there is increasing attention in utilization foamcrete as a lightweight non-structural and semi-structural element in buildings to take advantage of its excellent insulation properties. Though, foamcrete has been noticed to have some disadvantages: considerable brittleness; results in low compressive and flexural strength, poor fracture toughness, poor resistance to crack propagation and low impact strength. Hence this study is intended to look into the potential of oil palm trunk (OPT) fiber in enhancing the engineering properties of foamcrete. There are 2 engineering properties will be focused in this study which are ultrasonic pulse velocity and drying shrinkage. Two densities of foamcrete of 600 kg/m3, 1200 kg/m3 were cast and tested. The ratio of cement, sand and water used in this study was 1:1.5:0.45. OPT fibers were used as additives at 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60% by volume of the total mix. Test results indicated that the engineering properties of foamcrete reinforced with OPT fiber had amplified thoroughly.
Tar Removal from Gasification/Pyrolysis by Emulsion Liquid Membrane: A Short Overview
Authors: Kusumastuti Adhi , Anis Samsudin , Qudus Nur
Published: October 2020

Tar is among undesirable by-products of producer gas generated from gasification/pyrolysis of biomass. Due to the erosive and corrosive characteristics of tar, a number of tar removal studies have been done. However, considering tar availability in deficient concentration, a highly selective and energy economics method is of importance. Emulsion liquid membrane is a choice of selective and economics method. Some studies on tar removal using emulsion liquid membrane were reported. Information about definition and transport mechanism of emulsion liquid membrane was given. Effects of emulsion formulation on tar removal were described. Effects of some operating conditions in permeation process on tar removal were also presented. The study found that types and concentration of surfactant and diluent as well as emulsification methods need to be properly considered for better result. Whereas permeation speed, volume ratio, and equipment used greatly affect the emulsion breaking and tar removal efficiency. Considering low emulsion breaking, application of Taylor-Couette column as the permeation equipment for further tar removal study is proposed.
Unsteady Free Convection Flow of Nanofluids between Vertical Oscillating Plates with Mass Diffusion
Authors: Zulkiflee Fasihah , Shafie Sharidan , Mohamad Ahmad Qushairi
Published: October 2020

In this paper, free convection of nanofluids flow with oscillating vertical parallel plates and mass diffusion were considered. Obtained equations were converted into ordinary differential equations with appropriate transformations. Method of Laplace transform was used to find the exact solutions of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles from the dimensionless governing equations. Discussion of graph pertaining to different embedded parameters such as Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Grashof and mass Grashof number, oscillating parameter and nanoparticles volume fraction parameter was also added. Skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood number were also discussed and deliberated.
Methodology Allying Standard Penetration Test and Era-Interim Data Set for Numerical Simulations of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers
Authors: Victoria Lucas Costa , Hermes Vinicius de Freitas , Vaz Joaquim , Costi Juliana , Marques William Correa , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Rodrigues Michel Kepes , Biserni Cesare , Isoldi Liércio André
Published: October 2020

Earth-Air Heat Exchangers are devices installed on buildings to reduce electrical energy consumption with air conditioner systems. They consist of buried ducts where the air is blown and induces heat exchange with the surrounding soil. Aiming to develop a consistent numerical simulation approach to study its behavior, this research allies the usage of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Era-Interim as part of the computational methodology. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can be adequately adopted, allowing the soil properties assignment from SPT reports, the prescription of inlet air temperature, and soil surface temperature from ERA/Interim data.
Stability Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated in an Anisotropic Porous Medium with Internal Heating Effect
Authors: Mohd Rusdi Nadia Diana , Mohd Mokhtar Nor Fadzillah , Senu Norazak , Mohamed Isa Siti Suzilliana Putri
Published: October 2020

Internal heating effect with stability convection in a couple stress fluid saturated in an anisotropic porous medium has been studied numerically using linear stability analysis. The presence of internal heating on couple stress fluid in an anisotropic porous medium heated from below has been verified. The momentum equation and Boussinesq approximation is used for the density variation in the porous medium. By using Chebyshev Tau method numerically, the eigenvalue problems of the perturbed state were obtained from a normal mode analysis. The effect of the Rayleigh number, internal heat source and anisotropy parameter has been shown graphically. The critical Rayleigh number also has been obtained and plotted on the system. From the result, it is found that the mechanical anisotropy parameter and internal heating effect destabilized the system while couple stress fluid and thermal anisotropy parameter help in stabilizing the system.
Characteristics and Properties of Biofilms Made from Pure Carrageenan Powder and Whole Seaweed (Kappaphycus sp.)
Authors: Hanry Eunice Lua , Surugau Noumie
Published: October 2020

Petroleum-based plastics are mass produced to meet customers’ demand due to their low cost and versatility. However, plastic waste has become a serious environmental problem. Hence, degradable plastics from renewable sources (e.g. biomass) are now trending for their “green” properties. In this paper, properties of biofilms made from whole seaweed (WS), Kappaphycus sp. and pure kappa-carrageenan powder (PC) were compared. Glycerol, as plasticizer, was added at differing amounts (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, v/v) and their appearance, physical and mechanical properties, solubility, and biodegradability were studied. As results, for colour difference and transparency, WS-1% showed higher ?E at 17.09 ± 0.85 with highest opacity at 13.73 mm-1 and least ?E was at 2.73 ± 0.13 for PC-5% with opacity at 0.49 mm-1. For mechanical properties, PC-1% has the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus at 26.63 ± 2.18 MPa and 253.53 ± 19.43 MPa, respectively, whereas WS-5% has the lowest at 0.71 ± 0.15 MPa and 2.47 ± 0.44 MPa, respectively. As for biodegradability, by the first week, WS-5% lost 80% of its weight and PC-1% only lost 3%. Overall, PC biofilms showed better quality in terms of mechanical and physical properties but WS biofilms were faster to degrade and dissolve in water. Glycerol concentration affects most of the properties except for mechanical properties for WS and solubility of both. This study suggests that PC may be a better base material for stronger biofilms but WS are a better choice from environmental and cost aspects.
Exploring Hydrodynamic Instabilities along the Infalling High-velocity Cloud Complex A
Authors: Barger Kathleen A. , Nidever David L. , Huey-You Cannan , Lehner Nicolas , Rueff Katherine , Freeman Paris , Birdwell Amber , Wakker Bart P. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Benjamin Robert , Ciampa Drew A.
Published: October 2020

Complex A is a high-velocity cloud (HVC) that is traversing through the Galactic halo toward the Milky Way’s disk. We combine both new and archival Green Bank Telescope observations to construct a spectroscopically resolved H i 21 cm map of this entire complex at a

17.1
≲
log
(

N

H

I
,
1
σ

/

cm

−
2

)
≲
17.9

sensitivity for a

FWHM
=
20

km

s

−
1

line and Δθ = 9.′1 or 17 ≲ Δd

θ
 ≲ 30 pc spatial resolution. We find that Complex A has a Galactic standard of rest frame velocity gradient of

Δ

v

GSR

/

Δ
L
=
25

km

s

−
1

kpc

−
1

along its length, that it is decelerating at a rate of

〈
a

〉

GSR

=
55

km

yr

−
2

, and that it will reach the Galactic plane in Δt ≲ 70 Myr if it can survive the journey. We have identified numerous signatures of gas disruption. The elongated and multi-core structure of Complex A indicates that either thermodynamic instabilities or shock-cascade processes have fragmented this stream. We find Rayleigh–Taylor fingers on the low-latitude edge of this HVC; many have been pushed backward by ram pressure stripping. On the high-latitude side of the complex, Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities have generated two large wings that extend tangentially off Complex A. The tips of these wings curve slightly forward in the direction of motion and have an elevated H i column density, indicating that these wings are forming Rayleigh–Taylor globules at their tips and that this gas is becoming entangled with unseen vortices in the surrounding coronal gas. These observations provide new insights on the survivability of low-metallicity gas streams that are accreting onto L
⋆ galaxies.
A Measurement of the Hubble Constant Using Gravitational Waves from the Binary Merger GW190814
Authors: Vasylyev Sergiy S. , Filippenko Alexei V.
Published: October 2020

We present a test of the statistical method introduced by Bernard F. Shutz in 1986 using only gravitational waves to infer the Hubble constant (H0) from GW190814, the first high-probability neutron-star–black hole (NS–BH) merger candidate detected by the Laser Interferometer gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer. We apply a baseline test of this method to the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 and find

km s−1 Mpc−1 (maximum a posteriori and 68.3% highest density posterior interval) for a galaxy B-band luminosity threshold of

with a correction for catalog incompleteness. Repeating the calculation for GW190814, we obtain

km s−1 Mpc−1 and

km s−1 Mpc−1 for

and

, respectively. Combining the posteriors for both events yields

km s−1 Mpc−1, demonstrating the improvement on constraints when using multiple gravitational-wave events. We also confirm the results of other works that adopt this method, showing that increasing the L

B
threshold enhances the posterior structure and slightly shifts the distribution’s peak to higher H0 values.We repeat the joint inference using the low-spin PhenomPNRT and the newly available combined (SEOBNRv4PHM + IMRPhenomPv3HM) posterior samples for GW170817 and GW190814, respectively, achieving a tighter constraint of

km s−1 Mpc−1.
Constraining Low-luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts as Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Ray Sources Using GRB 060218 as a Proxy
Authors: Samuelsson Filip , Bégué Damien , Ryde Felix , Pe’er Asaf , Murase Kohta
Published: October 2020

We study the connection between low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (llGRBs) and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) using the canonical low-luminosity GRB 060218 as a proxy. We focus on the consequential synchrotron emission from electrons that are coaccelerated in the UHECR acceleration region, comparing this emission to observations. Both the prompt and afterglow phases are considered. For the prompt phase, we assume the coaccelerated electrons are injected with a power-law distribution instantaneously (without additional heating or reacceleration), which results in bright optical-UV emission in tension with observations. For the afterglow phase, we constrain the total kinetic energy of the blast wave by comparing electron thermal synchrotron radiation to available radio data at ∼ 3 days. Considering mildly relativistic outflows with bulk Lorentz factor Γ ≳ 2 (slower transrelativistic outflows are not treated), we find that the limited available energy does not allow for GRB 060218-like afterglows to be the main origin of UHECRs. This analysis independently constrains the prompt phase as a major UHECR source as well, given that the prompt energy budget is comparable to that of the afterglow kinetic energy. More generally, our study demonstrates that synchrotron emission from thermal electrons is a powerful diagnostic of the physics of mildly relativistic shocks.
Forward Modeling of Particle Acceleration and Transport in an Individual Solar Flare
Authors: Gordovskyy Mykola , Browning Philippa K. , Inoue Satoshi , Kontar Eduard P. , Kusano Kanya , Vekstein Grigory E.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to generate maps of the hard X-ray emission produced by energetic electrons in a solar flare and compare them with observations. The ultimate goal is to test the viability of the combined MHD/test-particle approach for data-driven modeling of active events in the solar corona and their impact on the heliosphere. Based on an MHD model of X-class solar flare observed on 2017 September 8, we calculate trajectories of a large number of electrons and protons using the relativistic guiding-center approach. Using the obtained particle trajectories, we deduce the spatial and energy distributions of energetic electrons and protons, and calculate bremsstrahlung hard X-ray emission using the “thin-target” approximation. Our approach predicts some key characteristics of energetic particles in the considered flare, including the size and location of the acceleration region, energetic particle trajectories and energy spectra. Most importantly, the hard X-ray bremsstrahlung intensity maps predicted by the model are in good agreement with those observed by RHESSI. Furthermore, the locations of proton and electron precipitation appear to be close to the sources of helioseismic response detected in this flare. Therefore, the adopted approach can be used for observationally driven modeling of individual solar flares, including manifestations of energetic particles in the corona, as well as the inner heliosphere.
Cosmicflows-4: The Catalog of ∼10,000 Tully–Fisher Distances
Authors: Kourkchi Ehsan , Tully R. Brent , Eftekharzadeh Sarah , Llop Jordan , Courtois Hélène M. , Guinet Daniel , Dupuy Alexandra , Neill James D. , Seibert Mark , Andrews Michael , Chuang Juana , Danesh Arash , Gonzalez Randy , Holthaus Alexandria , Mokelke Amber , Schoen Devin , Urasaki Chase
Published: October 2020

We present the distances of 9792 spiral galaxies lying within 15,000 km s−1 using the relation between luminosity and rotation rate of spiral galaxies. The sample is dominantly, but not exclusively, drawn from galaxies detected in the course of the ALFALFA H i survey with the Arecibo Telescope. Relations between H i line widths and luminosity are calibrated at SDSS u, g, r, i, z bands and WISE W1 and W2 bands. By exploiting secondary parameters, particularly color indices, we address discrepancies between measured distances at different wave bands with unprecedented detail. We provide a catalog that includes reduced kinematic, photometric, and inclination parameters. We also describe a machine-learning algorithm, based on the random forest technique, that predicts the dust attenuation in spirals lacking infrared photometry. We determine a Hubble Constant value of H
0 = 75.1 ± 0.2(stat.), with potential systematics up to ±3 km s−1 Mpc−1.
The VLA/ALMA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity (VANDAM) Survey of Orion Protostars. III. Substructures in Protostellar Disks
Authors: Sheehan Patrick D. , Tobin John J. , Federman Sam , Megeath S. Thomas , Looney Leslie W.
Published: October 2020

The prevalence of substructures in ∼1–10 Myr old protoplanetary disks, which are often linked to planet formation, has raised the question of how early such features form and, as a corollary, how early planet formation begins. Here we present observations of seven protostellar disks (aged ∼ 0.1–1 Myr) from the Very Large Array/Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Orion Protostars (VANDAM: Orion) that show clear substructures, thereby demonstrating that these features can form early in the lifetimes of disks. We use simple analytic models as well as detailed radiative transfer modeling to characterize their structure. In particular we show that at least four of the sources have relatively massive envelopes, indicating that they are particularly young, likely the youngest disks with substructures known to date. Several of these disks also have emission from an inner disk that is offset from the center of the ring structure. Given the size of the cleared-out regions of the disk, it is unclear, however, whether these features are related to planet formation, or rather if they are signposts of close-separation binary formation at early times.
A Belt-like Distribution of Gaseous Hydrogen Cyanide on Neptune’s Equatorial Stratosphere Detected by ALMA
Authors: Iino Takahiro , Sagawa Hideo , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Nozawa Satonori
Published: October 2020

We present a spatially resolved map of integrated-intensity and abundance of Neptune’s stratospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The analyzed data were obtained from the archived 2016 observation of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. A 0.″42 × 0.″39 synthesized beam, which is equivalent to a latitudinal resolution of ∼20° at the disk center, was fine enough to resolve Neptune’s 2.″24 diameter disk. After correcting the effect of different optical path lengths, a spatial distribution of HCN emissions is derived over Neptune’s disk, and it clearly shows a band-like HCN enhancement at the equator. Radiative transfer analysis indicates that the HCN volume mixing ratio measured at the equator was 1.92 ppb above the 10−3 bar pressure level, which is 40% higher than that measured at the southern middle and high latitudes. The spatial distribution of HCN can be interpreted as either the effect of the transportation of N2 from the troposphere by meridional atmospheric circulation, or an external supply such as cometary collisions (or both of these reasons). From the meridional circulation point of view, the observed HCN enhancement on both the equator and the pole can be explained by the production and accumulation of HCN at the downward branches of the previously suggested two-cell meridional circulation models. However, the HCN-depleted latitude of 60° S does not match with the location of the upward branch of the two-cell circulation models.
A dataset on trophic modes of aquatic protists
Authors: Schneider Lisa , Anestis Konstantinos , Mansour Joost , Anschütz Anna , Gypens Nathalie , Hansen Per , John Uwe , Klemm Kerstin , Martin Jon , Medic Nikola , Not Fabrice , Stolte Willem
Published: October 2020

An important functional trait of organisms is their trophic mode. It determines their position within food webs, as well as their function within an ecosystem. For the better part of the 20th century, aquatic protist communities were thought to consist mainly of producers (phytoplankton) and consumers (protozooplankton). Phytoplankton cover their energy requirements through photosynthesis (phototrophy), while protozooplankton graze on prey and organic particles (phagotrophy). However, over the past decades, it was shown that another trophic group (mixoplankton) comprise a notable part of aquatic protist communities. Mixoplankton employ a third trophic mode by combining phototrophy and phagotrophy (mixotrophy). Due to the historical dichotomy, it is not straightforward to gain adequate and correct information on the trophic mode of aquatic protists. Long hours of literature research or expert knowledge are needed to correctly assign trophic modes. Additionally, aquatic protists also have a long history of undergoing taxonomic changes which make it difficult to compare past and present literature. While WoRMS, the World Register of Marine Species, keeps track of the taxonomic changes and assigns each species a unique AphiaID that can be linked to its various historic and present taxonomic hierarchy, there is currently no machine-readable database to query aquatic protists for their trophic modes.

This paper describes a dataset that was submitted to WoRMS and links aquatic protist taxa, with a focus on marine taxa, to their AphiaID and their trophic mode. The bulk of the data used for this dataset stems from (routine) monitoring stations in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The data were augmented and checked against state-of-the-art knowledge on mixoplankton taxa by consulting literature and experts. Thus, this dataset provides a first attempt to make the trophic mode of aquatic protists easily accessible in both a human- and machine-readable format.
Signals of decline of flagship species Ambystoma altamirani Dugès, 1895 (Caudata, Ambystomatidae) in a Mexican natural protected area
Authors: Guerrero de la Paz Jesica Gabriela , Mercado-Silva Norman , Alcalá Raúl E. , Zambrano Luis
Published: October 2020

Mexico is home to 18 species of salamanders in the family Ambystomidae. EndangeredAmbystoma altamiraniDugès, 1895 is a flagship species for the Lagos de Zempoala National Park (LZNP) in central Mexico, a protected area subject to numerous anthropogenic threats.Ambystoma altamiranipopulations in the Park have been little studied. In 2016–2017, we surveyed four streams where populations of the species had been previously reported. Habitat variables did not differ amongst streams and three had invasive rainbow trout, but we were only able to locate oneA. altamiranipopulation in Quila, a small, cold water stream lacking fish. We captured an average of 88 individuals (total n = 354; range 53–109) across all samples in this stream, including larvae, juveniles and adults. Population estimates ranged between 53 and 127 individuals. The absence in other streams suggests reductions in the spatial extent ofA. altamiraniin the LZNP. We suggest rainbow trout presence in numerous streams have led to local extirpation ofA. altamiraniand that removal and blockage of the invasive fish and a planned re-introduction strategy might help in restoring this flagship species.
Does public information about wolf (Canis lupus) movements decrease wolf attacks on hunting dogs (C. familiaris)?
Authors: Tikkunen Mari , Kojola Ilpo
Published: October 2020

The threat that wolves (Canis lupus) pose to hunting dogs is one reason why Finnish hunters have negative attitudes towards wolves and one of the potential motivations for the illegal killing of wolves. During 2010–2017, wolves killed an average of 38 dogs (range 24–50) per year in Finland. Most of the attacks (91%) were directed at hunting dogs during the hunting season. To decrease the risk of attacks, the last seven positions (one position per hour) of GPS-collared wolves were accessible to the public with a 5 × 5 km resolution during the hunting seasons (from August 20th to February 28th) of 2013/2014 (from September 2nd onwards), 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The link was visited more than 1 million times in 3 of the 4 seasons. Fatal attacks on dogs occurred on 17% of the days during the hunting seasons of our study (n = 760 days). Both the attacks and visits peaked in September–November, which is the primary hunting season in Finland. According to the general linear model, the number of daily visits to the website was higher on days when fatal attacks occurred than on other days. Additionally, season and the number of days passed from the first day of the season were significantly related to the daily visits. Visits were temporally auto-correlated, and the parameter values in the model where the dependent variable was the number of visits on the next day were only slightly different from those in the first model. A two-way interaction between season and attack existed, and the least squares means were significantly different in 2017/2018. The change in daily visits between consecutive days was related only to the number of days from the beginning of the season. We examined whether this kind of service decreased dog attacks by wolves. Wolf attacks were recorded in 32% of the wolf territories, where at least one wolf had been collared (n = 22). However, within the territories without any GPS-collared wolves, the proportion of territories with wolf attack(s) was significantly higher than those elsewhere (50%, n = 48). Although public information decreased the risk of attacks, it did not completely protect dogs from wolf attacks and may in some cases increase the risk of illegally killing wolves. The most remarkable benefit of this kind of service to the conservation of the wolf population might be the message to the public that management is not overlooking hunters’ concerns about wolf attacks on their dogs.
Person-Centered Care Plans for Nursing Home Residents With Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: Sefcik Justine S. , Madrigal Caroline , Heid Allison R. , Molony Sheila L. , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Best Irene , Resnick Barbara , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Kolanowski Ann
Published: October 2020

Little literature exists examining the development and implementation of person-centered care (PCC) plans focused on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The current study aimed to describe BPSD documented in nursing home (NH) residents' care plans, the types of approaches staff document in addressing those symptoms, and whether resident and/or facility characteristics are associated with documentation of PCC approaches. The sample included 553 residents from 55 NHs in two East Coast states. Resistiveness to care (44.9%), agitation (42.2%), and aggression (42%) were most frequently documented in care plans. PCC approaches were documented in care plans in 21.3% to 62.7% of cases depending on BPSD type. Resident (e.g., younger age, lower functional ability, lower cognitive ability, longer length of stay, male gender) and facility (e.g., less certified nursing assistant staffing hours, greater percentage of residents taking antipsychotic medications, non-profit status) characteristics were associated with increased odds of PCC approaches being documented. Optimal PCC planning is discussed, and a sample PCC plan is provided. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(11), 17–27.]
Insomnia and Daily Function in Older Adults With Asthma
Authors: Luyster Faith S. , Shi Xiaojun , Baniak Lynn M. , Morris Jonna L. , Yang Kyeongra , Chasens Eileen R.
Published: October 2020

The current study examined the prevalence of insomnia and its relationship with daily function in older adults with asthma. Data on 278 older adults with asthma (aged ≥60 years) from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Insomnia was present in 40% of the study sample and was associated with a greater number of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) limitations. In multivariate analyses accounting for covariates including depressive symptoms, insomnia was not associated with having at least two ADL/IADL limitations. However, those with co-occurring insomnia and depressive symptoms were more likely to have at least two ADL/IADL limitations compared to those with either condition singly. Insomnia in the presence of depressive symptoms may impede one's ability to perform ADL/IADL. Current findings suggest that assessment and treatment of insomnia and depression in older adults with asthma may be important for maintaining active, independent living. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(11), 28–36.]
Intuit What You Need
Authors: Galanto Derek
Published: October 2020

One research question guided the autoethnographic inquiry: “What is the experience of intuition and immersion in the Holotropic Breathwork community?” The experience of intuition and Holotropic Breathwork are subjective. An autoethnography is proposed to allow focus on personal and evocative narratives of the author. Specifically, Jones, Adams, and Ellis method for autoethnographic data analysis was followed to bring the reader into the experience while being vulnerable. Data analysis revealed (1) appropriate set and setting, (2) mutual support, and (3) self-trust as salient themes. Future considerations to inform possible alternatives and integrative methods for coping with anxiety, depression, and enhancing quality decision making given the experience of intuition and immersions in the Holotropic Breathwork community are discussed.
The Psychology of the Soul and the Paranormal
Authors: Herrick Karen E.
Published: October 2020

The author does not believe that all of psychology must fit into the narrow boundaries accepted by mainstream reductionist and rationalistic science. Jungian Psychology validates the awareness of spirit. This chapter explains how the soul has the ability to interact with the physical body and how mediums and psychics receive their information—both of these happen through the spiritual body. The author believes that the small voice in our head comes from our soul through the unconscious where our soul resides. The author offers that the law of polarity seeks to balance us with positive or negative reactions to our energy or electrical field. This law works with our vibrations and our thoughts. In this way, thoughts are very real things that affect us floating between the two worlds in our dreams and when we are awake. It is suggested that we all receive vibrational frequencies through our vagus nerve, what Darwin called the pneumogastric nerve in the 1870s.
Innovative System for Education
Authors: Bronzetti Giovanni , Sicoli Graziella , Ippolito Dominga A.
Published: October 2020

In the current scenario, many companies approached using a digital management system. For this reason, they must take into account an important issue: innovation. An essential strategic tool for management in current times. COVID-19 has imposed a reorganization of activities. There has been a sudden increase of digital systems, such as smart working and e-learning as regards the education system. The aim of the work is to illustrate how modern innovative technologies help the provision of services within universities. In an emergency, such as the spread of COVID-19, there is a sudden change in the use of educational services by the university structure. They are ready to delivery services based on Intelligent Technology. Through the administration of an on-line questionnaire, perception of the on-line education system is examined, gathering opinions of a sample of students in one of the most important Italian universities.
The Role of Quality Management in Firm Performance
Authors: Atılgan Özgür
Published: October 2020

In today's business environment, global competition, which has gained momentum with the increase of consumers' quality awareness and consequently, their expectations, has led to the rise of quality management practices by companies. Hence, companies, with the aim of satisfying the needs and wants of customers and thereby attaining competitive advantage, see the inclusion of quality management in the managerial process as a necessity, and they develop optimal performance criteria for such management. In this context, researchers have investigated the effects of quality management applications on innovation performance, production performance, marketing performance, and financial performance of the organization. The empirical research conducted in the last 10 years investigating the relationship between quality management practices and firm performance revealed a significant positive relationship between quality management practices and firm performance.
Shopping for an English Language Tutor
Authors: Zheng Hao , Marjerison Rob Kim , Keels Oliver R.
Published: October 2020

English is often considered to be the international language of commerce and, more recently, e-commerce. English is also the predominant language of the internet, science, and many, the language of higher education. As a result, English tutoring institutions are thriving in the Chinese Mainland in recent years in a substantial and competitive market. The objective of this chapter is to reveal what are the factors that affect Chinese college students' selection of English tutoring institutions in China so that tutoring institution managers may focus on the most important criteria for their prospective customers. In this chapter, 212 Chinese college students participated in the online survey. The authors analyzed the correlation between purchase intention and price, brand image, service variety, and customer relationship. Through data analysis, they show that price, brand image, service variety, and customer relationships are all positively associated with Chinese college students' purchase intention of English tutoring institutions.
Building Intelligent Cities
Authors: Varadharajan Vijayaraghavan , Singh Akanksha Rajendra
Published: October 2020

A city may be regarded as an intelligent city when its services to citizens are connected and it is able to obtain data from every aspect of its technology infrastructure to leverage it in real time for resource allocation, monitoring, management, and decision making. Cities around the globe are ambitiously leveraging the latest technologies to transform their infrastructures to better provision and manage the e-services. Although they are setting goals for focusing on the appropriate financing, long-term planning, developing technology stack, and advancing data management, governments need to further encompass all relevant guidelines towards right technology frameworks before commencing their intelligent city projects. This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to intelligent cities, also known as smart cities, and the associated requirements. It also articulates the evolution of a typical city to a truly integrated, responsive, open, and connected intelligent city and the required underlying technologies.
Air Pollution Monitoring in Intelligent Cities Using Weighted Association Rule Mining
Authors: Tuysuzoglu Goksu , Birant Derya
Published: October 2020

Through the use of internet of things-based sensors in air quality monitoring stations, concentration of different pollutants and meteorological parameters can be regularly measured. In case of unusual conditions (e.g., increased levels of dangerous pollutants), a smart assessment system can produce warning so that appropriate air quality management process can be initiated. In this context, the objective of this study is to discover relationships and patterns among air pollution features and characteristics. In this case, determination of frequently observed association rules can trigger an appropriate background smart environment system when a critical situation is detected. In the experimental studies in the current project, traditional association rule mining and weighted association rule mining methods have been employed using real-world datasets collected from 21 monitoring stations in Turkey. In consequence, useful and outstanding association rules exceeding the user-defined support and confidence levels were obtained that can form basis for further research.
Study of Risk Analysis in the Internet of Things
Authors: Srivastav Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2020

The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network comprised of physical objects capable of gathering and sharing electronic information. Internet of things will be connected with physical objects that are accessible through the internet. In general, IoT is a collection of all things in the world and that should be connected over internet. But in any technology, there exist some risk factor which will diminish the performance of an organization. In IoT, security of information is always a challenging task. Security is an essential pillar of the internet, ‘the' most significant challenge for the IoT. When the number of connected devices increases, the opportunity of risk factor in positive and negative side will work to implement the IoT. Risk analysis is the review of the risks associated with a particular event or action. In this chapter, challenges of security and analysis of risk have discussed to reduce the problems.
What Do Portuguese Proverbs Say About Women?
Authors: Cardeira Esperança
Published: October 2020

Almost every culture has its unique proverbs or traditional sayings that express a perceived truth based on common sense or experience. Although the wisdom that traditional sayings convey is not necessarily a trustworthy guide to the cultural values of a specific culture, they may, to some extent, reflect those values. If a link between cultural values and proverbs is acknowledged, old proverbs might illustrate past values, while a new proverb repertoire probably reflects the mores and values of modern times. When examining such proverbs and sayings, an underlying cultural portrait may be outlined. Has this cultural portrait changed over time? In order to answer this question, the chapter will present an overview of Portuguese proverbs concerning women as they are presented by dictionaries published from the 17th to the 21st century; the analysis of these sayings allows for an assessment of how the image of the female figure in the Portuguese society has evolved across time.
The Method of Evaluating Impacts of Knowledge Management on Job Satisfaction and Intellectual Level of Work
Authors: Jin Jong-Chol , Hong Song-Nam , Li Guang-Son , Kim Nam-Ung
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to propose main facets and indices that characterize knowledge management (KM), job satisfaction (JS), and intellectual level of work (ILW), and introduce a method of determining degrees of their impacts based on explaining their relation theoretically. A method of examining the impacts of KM on JS of four classes of employees (general employee, expert, middle-manager, top-manager) is proposed. Then a method of evaluating ILW resulting from JS is considered. First, the main facets and indices that characterize KM, JS, and ILW in organizations are proposed, and then their relation is theoretically explained. Second, the relation between five facets of KM and six indices of JS is determined by first regression and a method of determining relation between five facets of KM and four indices of ILW is proposed using advanced pair-comparison method.
Software Estimation Framework for Packaged Products
Authors: Shivakumar Shailesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Packaged products play a major role in successful implementation of various software projects. Many of the software solutions are built around packaged products. In this paper, the authors propose a novel “software packaged product estimation framework” for an end to end estimation framework for estimating effort for packaged products. The software packaged product estimation framework provides end to end estimation coverage for various project lifecycle stages and supporting activities. The software packaged product estimation framework was used to predict the effort for two projects with MMRE of 0.261 and pred(0.3) of 66.67%.
Secure Fine-Grained Keyword Search With Efficient User Revocation and Traitor Tracing in the Cloud
Authors: Mamta  , Gupta Brij B.
Published: October 2020

Fine-grained searching is an important feature in multi-user cloud environment and a combination of attribute-based encryption (ABE) and searchable encryption (SE) is used to facilitate it. This combination provides a powerful tool where multiple data owners can share their data with multiple data users in an independent and differential manner. In this article, the authors have used key-policy design framework of attribute-based encryption to construct the multi-keyword search scheme where access rights assigned to a data user are associated with his/her secret key. This leads to a situation where a data user can abuse his secret key to distribute it illegally to the unauthorized users to perform search over the shared data which is not intended for him/her. Therefore, to track such kind of key abusers the authors have embedded an extra functionality of tracing the traitors. For this purpose, each user is assigned a unique identity in the form of binary string where each bit represents an attribute related to his identity. In addition to the normal attributes, the access structure of a user also possesses identity-related attributes which are hidden from the user along with some normal attributes. Hence, the proposed scheme supports partial anonymity. Further, in the event of user revocation the proposed scheme efficiently handles the system update process by delegating the computationally intensive tasks to the cloud server. Finally, the proposed scheme is proved secure under Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption and decision linear assumption in the selective security model.
Business Analytics/Business Intelligence and IT Infrastructure
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Siau Keng
Published: October 2020

This is an empirical research investigating the impact of business analytics (BA) and business intelligence (BI) use, IT infrastructure flexibility, and their interactions on organizational agility. Synthesizing the systems theory and awareness-motivation-capability framework, the authors propose that BA-Use, IT infrastructure flexibility, and their interactions significantly influence organizational agility. The results show the significant association of BA use and IT infrastructure flexibility with organizational agility. The results also suggest that BA use may demand corporations to build a more flexible IT infrastructure. However, the data does not reveal the proposed interaction between the two drivers of organizational agility.