bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transition from initial vocational training to the world of work: the case of art school students
Authors: Pita Castro Juan Carlos
Published: January 2014

This contribution is based on a recently finished study. It gives an important place to the empirical dimension and proposes the analysis of two life-paths in the artistic field set against a broader analysis of the whole of the corpus produced as part of this research. The methods of analysis are situated at the intersection of the narrative and the sociological fields. This contribution examines the passage from initial training to the world of work. It reconstructs the ordeal represented by this passage and shows the way this ordeal fissures identity and human agency. It conceptualises in particular the possible links between identity and agency and the social environment. It then proposes an analysis of the process of bifurcation. The failure of intended artistic projects gives way to a bifurcation. The analysis locates this process at the intersection of selfimprovement and the search for social roots. Bifurcation gives way to the emergence of a new polarisation of action and to the reconstruction of a new system of networking with the environment. This contribution looks back at the whole of the analysis through the spectrum of low human agency.
Multiple Solutions of Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems of Fractional Order: A New Analytic Iterative Technique
Authors: Arqub Omar , El-Ajou Ahmad , Al Zhour Zeyad , Momani Shaher
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this paper is to present a new kind of analytical method, the so-called residual power series, to predict and represent the multiplicity of solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems of fractional order. The present method is capable of calculating all branches of solutions simultaneously, even if these multiple solutions are very close and thus rather difficult to distinguish even by numerical techniques. To verify the computational efficiency of the designed proposed technique, two nonlinear models are performed, one of them arises in mixed convection flows and the other one arises in heat transfer, which both admit multiple solutions. The results reveal that the method is very effective, straightforward, and powerful for formulating these multiple solutions.
The Socioeconomic Determinants of Health: Economic Growth and Health in the OECD Countries during the Last Three Decades
Authors: López-Casasnovas Guillem , Soley-Bori Marina
Published: January 2014

In times of economic crisis, most countries face the dual challenge of fighting unemployment while restraining social expenditures and closing budget deficits. The spending cuts and lack of employment affect a large number of decisions that have a direct or indirect impact on health. This impact is likely to be unevenly distributed among different groups within the population, and therefore not only health levels may be at risk, but also their distribution. The main purpose of this paper is to explore links between unemployment, economic growth, inequality, and health. We regress a measure of health, the Health Human Development Index (HHDI), against a set of explanatory variables accounting for the countries’ economic performance (GDP growth, unemployment, and income inequality), and some institutional factors related to welfare spending and the nature of the health systems for the past three decades. In addition, we explore the causes for different results obtained using an inequality-adjusted HHDI, vs. the unadjusted HHDI. We describe a panel data model, estimated by random effects, for 32 countries from 1980–2010, in five-year intervals. Our conclusion is that the high economic growth observed in the last decades, together with an increase in the levels of income inequality and/or poverty, explain the observed changes of our index, particularly when this indicator is weighted by health inequality. The remaining institutional variables (the share of social spending, health care expenditure, and the type of health systems) show the expected sign but are not statistically significant. A comment on the methodological pitfalls of the approach completes the analysis.
Letter from the New Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Rampelotto Pabulo
Published: January 2014

It is my great pleasure to serve as the new Editor-in-Chief of Life, a journal concerned with fundamental questions on the origins and nature of life, evolution of biosystems and astrobiology. With my experience as Executive Editor, Senior Editor and Guest Editor of so many successful special issues (some of them in MDPI journals [1–6]), I am committed to making the journal a success, with the launch of exciting special issues, publication of high quality papers, as well as inclusion of the journal in major indexing and abstracting services. In this editorial, I present my view and plans for the journal. [...]
Immunohistochemical Approach to Study Cylindrospermopsin Distribution in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under Different Exposure Conditions
Authors: Guzmán-Guillén Remedios , Gutiérrez-Praena Daniel , De los Ángeles Risalde María , Moyano Rosario , Prieto Ana , Pichardo Silvia , Jos Ángeles , Vasconcelos Vitor , Cameán Ana
Published: January 2014

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxic cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria (i.e., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum). CYN is a tricyclic alkaloid combined with a guanidine moiety. It is well known that CYN inhibits both protein and glutathione synthesis, and also induces genotoxicity and the alteration of different oxidative stress biomarkers. Although the liver and kidney appear to be the main target organs for this toxin based on previous studies, CYN also affects other organs. In the present study, we studied the distribution of CYN in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under two different exposure scenarios using immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. In the first method, fish were exposed acutely by intraperitoneal injection or by gavage to 200 µg pure CYN/Kg body weight (bw), and euthanized after 24 h or five days of exposure. In the second method, fish were exposed by immersion to lyophilized A. ovalisporum CYN-producing cells using two concentration levels (10 or 100 µg/L) for two different exposure times (7 or 14 days). The IHC was carried out in liver, kidney, intestine, and gills of fish. Results demonstrated a similar pattern of CYN distribution in both experimental methods. The organ that presented the most immunopositive results was the liver, followed by the kidney, intestine, and gills. Moreover, the immunolabeling signal intensified with increasing time in both assays, confirming the delayed toxicity of CYN, and also with the increment of the dose, as it is shown in the sub-chronic assay. Thus, IHC is shown to be a valuable technique to study CYN distribution in these organisms.
The regioselective synthesis of spirooxindolo pyrrolidines and pyrrolizidines via three-component reactions of acrylamides and aroylacrylic acids with isatins and α-amino acids
Authors: Pavlovskaya Tatyana L , Yaremenko Fedor G , Lipson Victoria V , Shishkina Svetlana V , Shishkin Oleg V , Musatov Vladimir I , Karpenko Alexander S
Published: January 2014

The regioselective three-component condensation of azomethine ylides derived from isatins and α-amino acids with acrylamides or aroylacrylic acids as dipolarophiles has been realized through a one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition protocol. Decarboxylation of 2'-aroyl-2-oxo-1,1',2,2',5',6',7',7a'-octahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolizine]-1'-carboxylic acids is accompanied by cyclative rearrangement with formation of dihydropyrrolizinyl indolones.
Ergonomics Assessment of Seat Design Based on Buttock Pressure and Anthropometrics Data
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Rasdan , Abdullah Siti Nuratikah , Sukadarin Ezrin Hani , Md Deros Baba
Published: January 2014

Todays global competition has prompted many automotive manufacturers to design their products based on consumers preference and satisfaction. A car driver controls the vehicle and his/her comfort and safety is important to avoid any road injury or unfortunate accident. There are three main objectives for this paper. This paper is to investigate the relationships between car drivers anthropometric characteristics, comfortable postural angles and seat adjustment, to analyze the force distribution on the car seat and to design a driver car seat that gives comfort and safety ergonomically to the driver. In this case, the measurements need to be taken for both car and the driver and also to propose a design a driver car seat that provides comfort and safety to the driver. This design should be based on ergonomic factors including design, materials used and safety. These findings enhance our understandings of car drivers perceptions of posture comfort and safety. The data findings and relationship discussed will assist the manufacturers in designing a drivers car seat with ergonomics value.
Dynamic Analysis on Energy-Saving Effect of Distributed Cooling System in TBS
Authors: Yang Tian Jian , Li Yang
Published: January 2014

In order to evaluate the energy-saving effect of Distributed Cooling System (DCS) analytically, the heat balance model of DCS in a TBS is established and then dynamic simulation is employed. The numeral results show that DCS has much better energy-saving effect than traditional air conditioning (AC) and the energy-saving effect is steady all year round.
Multi-Radius Density Clustering Algorithm Based on Outlier Factor
Authors: Ye Zong Lin , Cao Hui , Jia Li Xin , Zhang Yan Bin , Si Gang Quan
Published: January 2014

This paper proposes a novel multi-radius density clustering algorithm based on outlier factor. The algorithm first calculates the density-similar-neighbor-based outlier factor (DSNOF) for each point in the dataset according to the relationship of the density of the point and its neighbors, and then treats the point whose DSNOF is smaller than 1 as a core point. Second, the core points are used for clustering by the similar process of the density based spatial clustering application with noise (DBSCAN) to get some sub-clusters. Third, the proposed algorithm merges the obtained sub-clusters into some clusters. Finally, the points whose DSNOF are larger than 1 are assigned into these clusters. Experiments are performed on some real datasets of the UCI Machine Learning Repository and the experiments results verify that the effectiveness of the proposed model is higher than the DBSCAN algorithm and k-means algorithm and would not be affected by the parameter greatly.
A Novel Three-Dimensional Cellular Automaton Evacuation Model
Authors: Hu Jun , You Lei , Wei Juan , Wu Wen Qian , Zhou Di , Liang Ying
Published: January 2014

In order to effectively reduce evacuation time of pedestrians in emergencies, a novel evacuation model is proposed based on the three-dimensional cellular automation. The model, according to Moore cellular structure, firstly defines location income and estimates evacuation time parameter, and then gives calculation formula for moving probability of pedestrians at next moment. Meanwhile, in combination with the degree of fear and moving speed, evacuation strategies and cellular evolution rules suited to the three-dimensional condition are raised. At last, by establishing simulation model, the article profoundly analyses key factors that affect evacuation time of pedestrians, and finds that the evacuation time shows a negative correlation with the exit width, but a positive correlation with pedestrian density. Appropriate increase of pedestrians fear degree is good for reducing the whole evacuation time.
Vehicle Traveling Data Recorder Design Based on Judgment of Danger
Authors: Zhang Yun Hu , Zhang Chao , Zhu Yong Zhen
Published: January 2014

In view of the current vehicle traveling data recorder storage of data includes excessive invalid data, we use ARM processor to design a vehicle traveling data recorder based on judgment of Danger. The system captures video image from USB interface camera in the recording process in pieces and uses the steering wheel angle data and t braking deceleration data to determine whether there is a danger or not. And it selects Dangerous period to be stored, which can reduce the memory size and achieve an effective data selection.
Design and Simulation of Push-Pull Driving Mechanism for Automatic Parking Spaces' Pallets
Authors: Song Qiu Hong , Lu Jin Ni , Wang Hao Hui
Published: January 2014

With the development of car ownership, peoples demand for parking Spaces is increasing constantly at the same time. As a result,all kinds of stereo garages come out. In this article, we study the push-pull driving mechanism of a tree-like stereo garage. It mainly uses SolidWorks for modeling and then uses ADAMS for kinematics simulation.In the design process we focus on the feasibility and the stability of the push-pull driving mechanism.
Application of Fuzzy Decision Theory in the Oil-Gas Field Production and Management
Authors: Han Dan , Wang Guang Yu , Zang Tian Yang
Published: January 2014

For evaluation indicators are dependent on each other and contradictory, difficult to conduct a comprehensive evaluation in the oil-gas production management program, the paper uses the fuzzy mathematics method to establish calculation model, selects out a best solution from a number of programs to help field managers to make the right decisions and judgments by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.
The Application of Bayesian Discrimination in the Analysis on Media Sector Stock
Authors: Zhao Qing Jiang , Sun Qi , Che Wen Gang
Published: January 2014

With the rapid development of China's stock market, investment on the stock has become more rational and scientific and the analysis of the role of equity investments is also increasingly important. In this paper, we use 20 publishing and media companies' financial data from 2011 to analyze the profitability, solvency, growth and capital expansion capability with cluster analysis, and then use the Bayesian discrimination analysis to quantify the classification to inspect the results. According to the investment analysis of media section of stocks, we sum up the type and characteristics of the media section stock for the market to grasp each participant to provide effective long-term growth trend in the reference area.
An Ontology-Based Intelligent Decision Problem Analysis Method
Authors: Hu Dong Bin , Zeng Zhao Wei , Ding Jun
Published: January 2014

The purpose of Decision Problem Analysis is to identify methods of solving decision problems, which can make it facilitate for the user to make decisions and solve problems quickly in Decision Support System. In order to improve the intelligence and accuracy of Decision Problem Analysis, an Ontology-based method is proposed. The method designs the ontic conceptual structure of decision problems by using Ontology. Finally, an instance was presented to explain how to use the method, and to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Green Design Methods for Mass Customization
Authors: Dai Zhi Yong , Yuan Ming Hai , Cheng Shuo , Ji Ai Min
Published: January 2014

With the wide application of MC (mass customization) in manufacturing which can deal with the customer diversification and their individual requirements, the traditional green design method could not meet the demand of product development any more. This paper summarized native and external achievements related to green design and MC, and proposed two correlation methods of product green design: product green design based on product configuration and variant design of product configuration, according to the research of green design method and theory for MC. The two methods provide strong support to enterprises both in theory and method to make green design efficiently. Whats more, it can help develop quick respond ability of enterprises, shorten the development cycle and product cycle, and realize rapid development and lot-size product.
The Application of Combination Prediction to Freight Volume of the Jingjiang River Channel Regulation Project
Authors: Liu Ting
Published: January 2014

The smooth flow of The Jingjiang River channel is the key to achieve the overall effectiveness of the Yangtze River shipping. By regulation project, the minimum depth of the Jingjiang River is from 3 meters to 3.5 meters. By regression analysis, growth curve, grey system and elasticity coefficient of transportation, freight volume is predicted in some feature years. Through the combination forecasting method analyzes the weight of the former four prediction methods. After the regulation project, the freight volume of the Jingjiang River will reach 296.32 million tons in 2035, and average increase of 10%.
Study of Thermal Diffusion on Oxidation Resistance of ZG40Cr24
Authors: Wang Hai Tao , Zhou Shen Jie , Yu Hua Shun
Published: January 2014

Based on heat resistant steel ZG40Cr24, test alloys were cast by intermediate frequency induction furnace with non-oxidation method by alloying of aluminium and silicon. The oxidation resistance at 1100°C for 500 hours of test alloys was carried out according to oxidation weight gain method. The thermal diffusion were tested by Laser Heat Conductivity. The thickness of oxide scale was detected by Coating Thickness Meter. Experimental results showed that the thermal diffusion of oxide scale affected its oxidation resistance exactly, the lower thermal diffusion coefficient matched the higher oxidation resistance. The oxide scale thermal diffusion coefficient of ZG40Cr24+2%wt.Si+4%wt.Al was only 0.00092cm2.s-1, endowing itself 0.0633g.m-2.h-1 oxidation weight gain rate, reaching the complete oxidation resistance. The mechanism of the effect of thermal diffusion on oxidation resistance lay in that the lower thermal diffusion represented the inert inner particles of materials, the few quantity of diffusion particles, and lower transporting and moving rate. So the oxidation rate slowed down, realizing higher oxidation resistant property for oxide scales.
Research Progress of Y, Gd on Mechanical Properties of AZ-Series Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Li Qua Nan , Song Xiao Jie , Chen Lei Lei
Published: January 2014

Y and Gd are vital alloying elements to the AZ magnesium alloys. It is due to their functions mainly on solid solution strengthening and age strengthening. This paper reviews effect of Y, Gd on mechanical properties of AZ-series magnesium alloys. The future development direction is pointed.
Photo-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement of BOPIM–dma in Moderate Polar Solvents
Authors: Gong Jin Dong , Zhang Wei , Shen Ping , Yan Ming Xun , Yang Chang Ying
Published: January 2014

The photo-induced fluorescence enhancement for a BOPIM derivate, which was found weak or no fluorescence in solvents due to twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) was investigated. The quenching process because of TICT state is substantially removed and fluorescence emission intensity increased remarkably, induced by UV-irradiation. This phenomenon could only found in moderate polar solvent, such as CHCl3, THF and 1, 4-dioxane (DIOX), but not in more polarity solvent, such as CH3CN, CH3OH. It is indicated that the transformation from TICT to ICT state take place easily in moderate polar solvents.
Wargaming Method for Urban Crisis Emergency Decision Drill
Authors: Li Xiao Lei , Li Huan , Cheng Min Gang , Fan Zhong Qi
Published: January 2014

Due to the shortcomings of traditional emergency decision drill mode for urban crisis, such as patterned scripts, sophisticated preparation and high cost, a novel drill mode based on wargaming was proposed. The key technologies, including the elements, architecture and flow control of the system were analyzed and explained combined with an example. The wargaming based drill mode provided a flexible platform. It can train the players decision-making ability profoundly in case of crisis, and can quantitatively evaluate the drill effect. Moreover, this drill mode can save a lot of money, labor hours and resources.
Optimizing Control Trial of Concrete Dam in Middle-Later Cooling Age
Authors: Huang Yao Ying , Lv Xiao Man , Shen Dong Sheng , Tian Kai Ping
Published: January 2014

Optimizing control of concrete dam in middle-later cooling age is discussed in allusion to the complex multi-factor problems which includes pipe cooling temperature, pipe cooling flow and pipe cooling time. This paper suggested an optimizing control method of concrete dam in middle-later cooling age based on the temperature dynamic prediction model of pouring storehouse. Combining the current measured temperature, it calculated the temperature cooling curve based on the pipe cooling calculation formula without heat resource. Then optimal pipe cooling measures of concrete pouring storehouse is obtained by optimization algorithm with middle-later coolings target temperature. Because of the small amount of calculation of the temperature dynamic prediction model that based on the pipe cooling calculation formula without heat resource, so optimizing control model of concrete dam in middle-later cooling age is feasible.
Finite Difference Study on Seismic Reinforcement Force of Geo-Grid Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall
Authors: Wang Li Yan , Du Xiao Lei , Zhang Fu Xing , Xue Rong Qiu
Published: January 2014

For the geo-grid reinforced retaining wall, the reinforcement mechanism of seismic behavior is unclear, and there is no reasonable standard for seismic design. A non-linear finite difference method which is based on Lagrange method was applied to analyze internal reinforcement force of geo-grid under different design parameters. The elastic-plastic model is simulated to backfill soil and foundation, and the coupled elastic parameters are used to describe the interaction of soil and geo-grid. The design parameters include geo-grid reinforcement spacing, reinforcement length, backfill soil stiffness, and thickness of panel. Some distribution characters and sensitive parameters to the internal reinforcement force of geo-grid were achieved, which will be helpful to the seismic design of geo-grid reinforced soil retaining wall with integral panel.
Performance Test and Research of Ceramic Fiberboard
Authors: Ji Ru , Wang Xi Dong , Zhang Zuo Tai , Liu Li Li
Published: January 2014

Ceramic fiber has great refractory and insulating ability. The coefficient of thermal conductivity is a significant characteristic of the fiber insulation materials, and shows the material thermal capacity. This paper not only research basic properties of ceramic fiberboard, but also focus on the influence factors of the effective thermal conductivity which include bulk density, temperature and moisture content.
The Shift Time of SV-Wave on the Free Surface of Stratum
Authors: Wang An Ling , Liu Fu Ping
Published: January 2014

Using the phase shift of reflection coefficient of SV seismic wave at the free surface of stratum, we derived the the shift time of total reflected SV seismic wave, given formulae of shift timeand drawn the curves of shift time. The results show that reflected wave of VS-wave exists negative shift;for glancing wave or angle of incidence being near the critical angle, a large shift can be caused , In other angle of incidence the shift is the same order of magnitude as the wavelength.
Effect of Notch Depth on the Adhesively Bonded Steel Butt-Joint under Charpy Impact Test
Authors: You Min , Li Mei , Li Jian Li , Liu Kai , Zhao Ya Lan
Published: January 2014

The effect of the notch depth on the impact properties of the adhesively bonded steel butt joint under the Charpy impact test is studied using both the finite element method (FEM) and experimental method. The results obtained from numerical simulation showed that the value of the peak stressSeqvincreased first and then decreased evidently when the notch depth increased from 2 mm to 8 mm. Comparing the results with that from Izod impact test, it is found that the response time retarded about 0.02 ms and the peak value of the stressSeqvdecreased evidently under the Charpy impact test. The results from the experiments showed that the effect of notch depth on the impact energy absorbed by unit area of joint is as same as that from the Izod impact test.
Limestone Powder- A New Type of Mineral Admixture for Dam Concrete
Authors: Kong Xiang Zhi , Chen Gai Xin , Ji Tao , Ji Guo Jin
Published: January 2014

Influences of limestone powder on the hydration progress of cement and the properties of dam concrete were studied in this paper. The results show that, as mineral admixture, limestone powder accelerates the cement early hydration and takes part in this hydration which produces the calcium monocarboaluminate hydrate, but, limestone powder doesnt have the pozzolanic activity. Limestone powder has an adverse impact on the pore system of hardened pastes, especially these pores size range from 3 nm to 107 nm. Fortunately, the pore system will be optimized by using some fly ash instead of part of limestone powder. Limestone powder, no matter used alone or blended with fly ash or ground blast furnace slag to form a double-doped material, can be used as mineral admixture for the dam concrete including conventional and roller-compacted concrete. Compared with fly ash, it increases concrete water content and improves the 7 days strength, but almost has no function on the 90 days strength.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis on the Bearing Capacity of Bucket Foundation with Different Ratios of Diameter to Height
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liu Wen Bai , Yang Liang
Published: January 2014

The ABAQUS software is used for simulating the vertical bearing capacity of bucket foundation of different ratios of diameter to height and the analysis for the stress and displacement distribution and load-displacement curve. When the bucket foundation is under pressure, the vertical stress of the soil distribution changes from the bottom to the top, and then spreads to most part of the soil in the bucket foundation. The vertical displacement of the soil develops from the top of foundation and spreads inside, then expands to the outside range, the maximum displacement occurs both at the bottom and inside. According to the analysis of the ultimate bearing capacity of the bucket foundation, it could be found that when the height of the bucket foundation remains unchanged, the ultimate bearing capacity increases with the increasing ratio of diameter to height. If the ratio of diameter to height is less than 1.2, the ultimate strength increases significantly. If the ratio of diameter to height is greater than 1.2, the increasing speed of the ultimate bearing capacity changes slowly. When the diameter of the bucket foundation is constant, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases as the ratio of diameter to height gradually increases, and it decreases at a homogeneous speed. So the ratio of diameter to height 1.2 can be used as the optimum point of the ratio of diameter to height of the bucket foundation.
3D Parametric Unfolding Method for Sheet-Metal Part
Authors: Sun Bo , Chen Long
Published: January 2014

The unfolding is the first step for the manufacturing of the sheet-metal part, which plays a major role for the accuracy and quality of the final product. Unfortunately, the inefficiency of the traditional drawing-based method made the process boring and sometime confusing. The CAD method made benefit for the designer. By means of the 3D modeling kernel and the mathematic model of unfolding process, the automatic design system of sheet-metal part was developed, in which the models are parametric and in 3D environment.
No-Load Voltage Waveform Computation of Tubular Hydro-Generator which Skew the Rotor
Authors: Li Hong Jun , Yang Ru , Fan Zhen Nan
Published: January 2014

In order to analyze the influence of tubular hydro-generator no-load voltage waveform by the rotor skew, the multi-slice moving electromagnetic field-circuit coupling model of a 36MW tubular hydro-generator is established, then the no-load voltage waveforms of the design scheme which skew rotor is calculated.
Predicting the Success of Design Assistive Input Devices for Disabled People
Authors: Shih Ching Tien , Hsu Shu Chen
Published: January 2014

It is important issue to select and design a suitable Assistive Input Devices (AID) for disabled people. This study applies the Incomplete Linguistic Preference Relations (InLinPreRa) analytical framework to predicting the success of design Assistive Input Devices (AID) for disabled people implementation. The results demonstrate that the five most important influential factors are (C6) User-friendly interface (0.166) (C4) Budget (0.163), (C5) Stability of Device (0.159), (C3) easy to maintain (0.144), (C1) easy to operate (0.126). The prediction success rate for AID for disabled people system implementation is 62.7%.
Study of the Thermodynamic Processes and Performance Evaluation of Self-Circulation Evaporative Cooling System in Hydro-Generator
Authors: Dong Hai Hong , Ruan Lin , Guo Shu Qin , Cao Rui , Chen Jin Xiu
Published: January 2014

The self-circulation evaporative cooling system (SECS) of stator collector ring is a kind of new cooling technology, utilizing the evaporating of work fluid to cool the stator collector ring of hydro-generator. In this article, the thermodynamic processes of SECS of stator collector ring were analyzed by the second law of thermodynamics. The entropy production and power loss of isolated SECS were analyzed. Based on the distinctive characteristics of SECS, a performance evaluation function was proposed. The influence of heat load on was discussed by simulating. The conclusions provide the theory basis for the application of this new cooling technology.
Optimization of Multi-Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based 8 Blade Magnetically Levitated Variable Pitch Low Speed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Khan M. Shahrukh Adnan , Rajkumar Rajprasad K. , Rajkumar Rajparthiban K. , Aravind C.V.
Published: January 2014

The paper presents a new Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) design by using magnetic levitation (Maglev) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). A lab prototype of VAWT was built which was run at low wind speed of around 3 to 5 meter per second. The bearing was replaced by Neodymium Magnet to avoid the friction which in turns reduces the losses and increase the efficiency. A Prototype version of PMSG was built which could generate voltage from the turbine even in low rotational speed. Suitable turbine blade angle was also determined using trial and error method.
An Estimation Strategy of Lithium Battery SOC Based on Gauss-Hermite Filter
Authors: Zhou Jin Zhi , Jian Wen Yu
Published: January 2014

Battery state of charge (SOC) can directly reflect its sustainable power supply capacity and health. It is important basis to formulate balance and energy management strategy for battery management system (BMS). In this paper, a second-order RC battery model with factors affected battery characteristics was established based on the Gauss-Hermite quadrature filter (GHQF) theory. According to Kirchhoffs law a state space model was established and the parameters in the model were identified. The GHQF algorithm and model were verified, and comparison was made to an extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm on the Matlab and Simulink simulation platform.
Research on the Failure Prediction of Electrical Connectors at High Temperature
Authors: Luo Yan Yan , Li Ke , Lei Ming Ming , Wang Li Xin , Liu Hong Xun , Ren Yong Long , Li Xiao Ning
Published: January 2014

This paper mainly studies one kind of failure prediction method on electrical connectors at high temperature. One scheme of high temperature reliability test was provided based on the theory of constant stress accelerated life test. The test device was designed; the test data was analyzed. It can be seen that 1) both the absolute change and the relative change of contact resistance are small for each temperature stress; 2) there is a tendency toward slightly higher value of contact resistance for each low temperature stress; 3) the higher the test temperature stress, the larger the value of contact resistance, but the difference in contact resistance is not very big. 4) The data prediction method such as the gray theory model is helpful for rapid failure prediction of electrical connectors at high temperature.
Research on an Online Monitoring and Diagnosis System of High-Voltage Circuit Breaker
Authors: Ni Ping Hao , Wang Wei
Published: January 2014

The principle of an online monitoring and diagnosis system suitable for various kinds of High-voltage Circuit Breakers (HVCB) is presented in the paper. The system consists of distributed data acquisition devices, a communication system based on field bus, and a host based on B/S structure. The research presents the methods to select the main monitoring signals of high-voltage circuit breakers, to acquire data, and to calculate operational feature values, as well as realizes high-speed process to monitoring signals, valid online monitor to high-voltage circuit breakers, and fault diagnosis.
Corrosion Resistance of Sintered NdFeB Magnets with Various Surface Coatings
Authors: Chen E. , Peng Kun , Yang Wu Lin , Zhu Jia Jun , Li De Yi , Zhou Ling Ping
Published: January 2014

Pure Ni coating and multi-layered Ni-P coatings were deposited on sintered NdFeB magnets by ion beam sputtering and electroless plating to improve the corrosion resistance of magnets, respectively. The structure and preferred growth orientation, surface morphology, the adhesive strength between coatings and magnets, and corrosion properties of samples were investigated by XRD, SEM, high-low temperature shock test and potentiodynamic polarization curves, respectively. It was found that electroless Ni-P coatings are amorphous with nodules distributed, Ni coating deposited by ion beam sputtering is crystalline and spherical Ni grains are densely packed. Ni coating deposited by ion beam sputtering can provide better protection for sintered NdFeB than that of electroless Ni-P coating.
Polymer Stabilized Undoped and Copper Doped Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles: Polymer Crosslinked, Optical, and Thermal Stability
Authors: Mandal Arup Ratan , Volchematiev Sergey , Leybo Denis , Muratov Dmitry , Kuznetsov Denis V.
Published: January 2014

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles synthesized by utilization of wet chemical technique are grown in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the typical inter-planar spacing corresponding to the cubic phase of CdS. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies show the nanoparticles formation with diameter around 11 nm. Particle size is further determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement. The polymerization of PVA is confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of CdS nanoparticles. UV-visible optical spectroscopy study shows that sharp excitonic bands are largely blue shifted from the absorption onset of bulk CdS and inter band transition of copper doped samples. Thermal stability of the samples is measured by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis which is also studied in details.
Effects of Surface Treatment on the Performance of PEDOT: PSS/n-GaN Schottky Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Qian , Du Kai , Li Yu Kun , Shi Peng , Feng Qing
Published: January 2014

We developed heterojunction-based Schottky solar cells consisting of π-conjugated polymers and n-type GaN. PEDOT: PSS was used as the transparent Schottky contact material. In order to improve the performance of solar cells, the effects of surface treatment on the electrical performance of PEDOT: PSS/n-GaN Schottky contacts were investigated. The Voc increased from 0.52V to 0.62V,0.54V and 0.54V and Isc from 0.33 mA/cm2 to 0.45mA/cm2,0.40mA/cm2 and 0.35mA/cm2 after HCl, HF solution and oxygen plasma treatments. The I-V and the XPS measurements indicated that the barrier height of PEDOT:PSS/n-GaN was increased from 0.62eV to 0.76eV, 0.72eV and 0.70eV and the ideality factor improved from 1.81 to 1.63, 1.67 and 1.73 respectively, which induced the variation of the solar cells characteristics..
Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oils over MgO/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Sithole T. , Jalama K. , Meijboom R.
Published: January 2014

MgO/Al2O3 catalysts with 10 and 20 wt.% MgO loadings have been prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. A low-surface area alumina with small pore sizes was used as catalyst support to stabilise most of the MgO particles on the external surface area of the support. The prepared catalysts were subsequently tested in the conversion of a waste vegetable oil to biodiesel. The waste vegetable oil conversion was found to increase with the increase in reaction temperature, reaction time and MgO loading in the catalyst.
Three Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Authors: Singdeo Debanand , Dey Tapobrata , Ghosh Prakash C.
Published: January 2014

In this work, a three dimensional, single channel model of high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell is simulated. The effect of operating temperature and doping on performance is evaluated for a single channel model. A good agreement is observed between the predicted results and experimental values. The experiments have been performed under similar conditions by operating a cell with phosphoric acid doped PBI membrane of active area 49 cm2. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain good performance in high temperature fuel cells by higher acid doping and operating at elevated temperature. The model has been conveniently implemented by customization of the material properties functions in the fuel cell module.
Research on Separation of PD Signals Originated from Different Sources in Substation
Authors: Yang Yan , Wang Qian , Wu Gao Lin , Pang Kai , Xiao Qian Bo , Gao Peng Lu
Published: January 2014

The existing system of partial discharge location in substation utilizes Omni-directional UHF sensors array which can achieve single-source partial discharge source location. But for multi-source UHF partial discharge signals, the system is inaccurate and can’t distinguish types of partial discharge. This paper proposed to the method multi-source partial discharge signals acquisition and separation based on different characteristics of different types of UHF partial discharge signals in the time domain and frequency domain. Through continuously collected and stored UHF partial discharge pulse waveform, the sampling pulse sequence is analyzed in time-frequency domain to extract characteristic parameters. And then using fuzzy cluster, it can distinguish multi-source UHF partial discharge signals and discharge signals generated by the interference to achieve multi-source UHF partial discharge signals location. And it can lay the foundation of identification of the type of partial discharge. Field tests show that the method is feasible.
Study of Super Short-Term Bus Load Forecasting Model Based on Similar Ranges
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Chen Yan Chao , Fan Jiao , Ma Qing Guo , Tan Qin Liang
Published: January 2014

With the increasing demand of electricity dispatching and the request of energy conservation and emission reduction, the dispatching plan and operating of electric power has become more and more important. On one hand, electric power companies try to reduce power reserve as much as possible to increase the efficiency; on the other hand, some power reserve is necessary to deal with emergency and to ensure the safety and stability of grid. Therefore, this paper proposes a super short-term bus load forecasting model which is based on similar ranges to track the variation of weather and load. By using the method of fruit flies optimizing grey neural network in the real time, it can reduce the size of the network computing and solve the problem of divergence. Since the system based on the model has operated for one year, it proves that this model can meet the requirement of the precision for the electricity dispatching and adapt to the changes in different regions.
The Study of CAN Buffer Multiplexing Technique and its Realization in TTC200 Controller
Authors: Yu Yuan Bin , Bi Dong Yang , Wang Wei , Cai Zhou
Published: January 2014

To solve the disadvantage of limited numbers of CAN messages which are received and transferred by TTC200 controller, this paper has studied and verified the CAN buffer Multiplexing technique in the system of Battery-Ultracapacitor used by hybrid bus. Test results show that the data collected by buffer Multiplexing can meet the requirements for data real-time acquisition and accuracy. The problem of misread and miss with different ID does not exist.
An Analysis of Wind Speed Distribution at Benina, Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Salem Elmnefi Mohamed , Bofares Ahmed Mohamed
Published: January 2014

The statistical wind data obtained from measurements for the 12 month period of January to December 2008 at Benina, Benghazi, Libya. The site coordinates are: latitude 32,05N and longitude 20,13E. The elevation of the site is 136 m above mean sea level (AMSL). The wind speed has been measured at height of 10 m above the ground level using 3 cup anemometers. Moreover wind speed has been estimated at height of 40 m. The statistical wind data set was analyzed using weibull distributions in order to investigate the weibull shape and scale parameters at 10 m and 40 m height. Finally, the yearly power density has been estimated at both heights. The results showed that strong and sufficient winds for power generation are available at most of months in Benina region.
Geodynamic Monitoring in Area of Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Sharapov Ruslan V. , Kuzichkin Oleg R.
Published: January 2014

In article the technique of construction of the automated system for data processing is considered at the electromagnetic control of geodynamic objects. The structure of interrelations for the object-oriented and serving subsystems realizing methodical, technical and a supply with information of processes of registration and data processing of the geodynamic control is determined.
Potential of Renewable Energies Integration in an Essential Oils Extraction Process
Authors: Benyoussef El Hadi , Bessah Rahma
Published: January 2014

This paper presents an essential oil extraction process in accordance with sustainable development and environmental protection. The idea is to use vegetal plant after extraction as a source of energy for steam production and the condensation of steam containing essential oil is ensured by an air-cooled condenser. In this prospect, a biomass burner was designed and its efficiency was evaluated and compared to an electrical heating system. From the experiments it was found that biomass could supply the energy needed to produce steam for essential oil extraction process. The essential oil yield and composition are comparable to those obtained by a classical method using an electrical heating system and a water-cooled condenser. The industrial projection and innovation lays in the integration of renewable energy in existing mobile extraction units by using solid waste as a source of energy for steam production. The condensation of steam containing essential oil can be ensured by an air-cooled condenser with fans powered by photovoltaic solar energy. Possibilities of clean energy integration and water economy in such process unit are the major technological advance in this alternative approach for energy and water savings especially in agro-based industries.
Reduction of Drag Force on a Circular Cylinder and Pressure Drop Using a Square Cylinder as Disturbance Body in a Narrow Channel
Authors: Widodo Wawan Aries , Putra Randi Purnama
Published: January 2014

Many studies related with characteristics of fluid flow acrossing in a bluff body have been conducted. The aim of this research paper was to reduce pressure drop occuring in narrow channels, in which there was a circular cylindrical configuration with square cylinder as disturbance body. Another goal of this research was to reduce the drag force occuring in circular cylinder. Experimentally research of flow characteristics of the wind tunnel had a narrow channel a square cross-section, with implemenred of Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter from 5.21x104 to 1.56x105. Wind tunnel that was used had a 125x125mm cross-sectional area and the blockage ratio 26.4% and 36.4%. Specimen was in the form of circular cylinder and square cylinder as disturbance body. Variation of angle position was the inlet disturbance body with α = 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600, respectively. The results was obtained from this study was Reynolds Number value was directly linear with pressure drop there, it was marked by increasing of Reynolds number, the value was also increasing pressure drop. Additional information was obtained by adding inlet disturbance body shaped of square cylinder on the upstream side of the circular cylinder that could reduce pressure drop in the duct and reduce drag happening on a circular cylinder. The position of the optimum angle to reduce pressure drop and drag force was found on the inlet disturbance body with angle α = 300.
Improved Energy Saving for R22 Building Air Conditioning Retrofitted with Hydrocarbon Refrigerant, Study Case: Civil Engineering Department of ITS
Authors: Widyastuti Widyastuti , Putra Ary Bachtiar Krishna , Hantoro Ridho , Novianarenti Eky , Safitra Arrad Ghani
Published: January 2014

Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS) encourages the ECO Campus program. The program enables ITS to systematically identify, evaluate, manage and improve their environmental performance and practices. One of the program issue is energy saving in building. The energy saving effect of an air-conditioning system retrofit project is analyzed by Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) Method. These ECOs are assessed in terms of their costs and benefits, and an economic comparison to rank the various refrigerants. Finally, an Action Plan is created where certain ECOs are selected for implementation. Civil Engineering Department has a responsibility to design infrastructure and green building concept planning. This department also has the largest energy consumption in this faculty comparing the other department. The energy consumption on this Department is 60829 kWh/month. The value of IKE is 13.39 per month with the largest electrical energy consumption in air-conditioning system is 57% from total consumption. The energy used of air-conditioning sytem is 523.692 kWh. The energy saving opportunities by CFC retrofitting with hydrocarbon can save its power consumption about 20%. It also saving cost and reducing the electricity bill of 1643871.838 IDR/month. The payback period of investment costs of retrofit R-22 to Hydrocarbonis about 13 month.
Experimental Study of Vibration of Prototype Auditory Membrane
Authors: Tanujaya Harto , Kawano Satoyuki
Published: January 2014

This experiment report the vibration of Prototype Auditory Membrane (PAM) for a novel implantable auditory membrane. PAM made of PVDF which is fabricated using MEMS technology. The vibration are measured as a response of a pulse sine wave which are applied from one of side of the membrane. The vibrations are analyzed experimentally based on the Fourier analyze theory.
Application the 3D Image Analysis Techniques for Assessment the Quality of Material Surface Layer before and after Laser Treatment
Authors: Gądek-Moszczak Aneta , Radek Norbert , Wroński Sebastian , Tarasiuk Jacek
Published: January 2014

In the paper authors presented the application of specific method of assessment chosen properties of coating layer, that give additional information strictly connected with its tribology properties. Nanotomography techniques and 3D image processing gives quantitative and qualitative information about the testing sample, with no negative effects on the exanimating layer. Two samples, one with and one without the laser treatment were tested, measured and obtained results presented and discussed. Those preliminary research shown that proposed method can be recommended to application as a supplementary test of the properties coating layers and for verification of technological process parameters on the stage of working out the production process.