bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stellar Mass in and around Isolated Central Galaxies: Connections to the Total Mass Distribution through Galaxy–Galaxy Lensing in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
Authors: Wang Wenting , Li Xiangchong , Shi Jingjing , Han Jiaxin , Yasuda Naoki , Jing Yipeng , More Surhud , Takada Masahiro , Miyatake Hironao , Nishizawa Atsushi J.
Published: September 2021

Using photometrically selected galaxies from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey, we measure the stellar-mass density profiles for satellite galaxies around isolated central galaxies (ICGs) from SDSS/DR7 at z ∼ 0.1. By stacking HSC images, we also measure the projected stellar-mass density profiles for ICGs and their stellar halos. The total mass distributions are further measured from HSC weak-lensing signals. ICGs dominate within ∼0.15 times the halo virial radius (0.15 R
200). The stellar mass versus total mass fractions drop with the increase in projected distance up to ∼0.15 R
200, beyond which they are less than 1% while staying almost constant. The integrated stellar mass in satellites is proportional to the virial mass of the host halo, M
200, for ICGs more massive than 1010.5
M
⊙, i.e., M
*,sat ∝ M
200, whereas the relation between the stellar mass of ICGs + stellar halos and M
200 is close to

M

*
,
ICG
+
diffuse

∝

M

200

1

/

2

. Below 1010.5
M
⊙, the change in M
200 is much slower with the decrease in M
*,ICG+diffuse. At fixed stellar mass, red ICGs are hosted by more massive dark matter halos and have more satellites. At M
200 ∼ 1012.7
M
⊙, both M
*,sat and the fraction of stellar mass in satellites versus total stellar mass, f
sat, tend to be marginally higher around blue ICGs. f
sat increases with the increase in both M
*,ICG+diffuse and M
200, and scales more linearly with M
200. We provide best-fitting relations to M
200 versus M
*,ICG+diffuse, M
*,sat or M
*,ICG+diffuse + M
*,sat, and to f
sat versus M
200 or M
*,ICG+diffuse, for red and blue ICGs separately.
HydroClim Data Portal: Cyberinfrastructure for providing high-resolution GIS modeled streamflow and water temperature data to researchers
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Knoft Jason , Ficklin Darren , Rios Nelson , Bart Henry
Published: September 2021

Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in sustaining aquatic biodiversity. However, human alterations to watersheds and climate change are reducing critical habitat and the viability of populations of many aquatic species. The environmental changes have also had significant adverse impacts on water temperatures and streamflow. The changes in temperature and precipitation forecast over the next century are expected to affect the freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity to an even greater extent than in the past. The aims of the HydroClim project are to provide openly accessible data on two key measures of stream conditions in the United States (US) and Canada for use in research, to increase public understanding of issues involving water resources, and to provide training opportunities for scientists who will be responsible for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity in the future.

The project has used contemporary air temperature and precipitation data and future climate data from multiple Global Climate Model scenarios to generated high-resolution, spatially explicit, monthly streamflow and water temperature data for all watersheds across the US and Canada from 1950–2099 through multiple Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic models. This presentation describes a cyberinfrastructure we developed for hosting the HydroClim data, consisting of a relational database and a web-based data portal that allows scientists to query and download the data. We have imported almost 1.9 billion HydroClim data records into the system. At the time of this submission, 1.3 billion records of historical data and predicted streamflow and water temperature model data are available in the HydroClim data portal for 26 watersheds in the United States. The HydroClim data are also being integrated with fish occurrence data from Fishnet 2, via the Fishnet 2 API (Application Programming Interface), which provides occurence data records for over 4.1 million species lots representing over 40 million specimens in ichthyological research collections.

Our plan is to extract and merge environmental data from Hydroclim API, with fish occurrences containing geospatial information from the Fishnet 2 API, displaying the integrated data on web-based interactive hydrological maps in different time-series, and providing a tool for visualizing ecosystem diversity. The combined Hydroclim and Fishnet2 data can be used for ecological niche modeling applications, such as predicting the future distribution of threatened and endangered freshwater fish species. I will describe the cyberinfrastructure of HydroClim data portal and some of the ways the data can be used in biodiverisity research in the future.
Effect of adjuvant drugs on the analgesic activity of opioid morphine analgesics and compound RU-1205
Authors: Spasov Alexander A. , Grechko Olesya Iu. , Eliseeva Natalya V. , Lifanova Yuliya V. , Aleksandrenkova Angelina N.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Adjuvant medications can be used to increase the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics, reduce the manifestation of side effects, and also for premedication. This paper provides information on the effect of clonidine, haloperidol, metocloparmide, diazepam, midazolam on opioid analgesics: - morphine and the selective kappa-opioid agonist compound RU-1205.

Materials and methods: A probable interaction between RU-1205, morphine and adjuvant drugs in pain behaviors was carried out on the model of somatogenic pain. 95 male mice received either RU-1205 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) separately or in combination with haloperidol (0.45 mg/kg, i.p.); midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.); diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.); metoclopramide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and clonidine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analgesic effect was assessed by tail flick test. Registration of the latent period of the reaction was carried out 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the adjuvant drug administration.

Results: When studying the interaction with morphine, it was found that clonidine, haloperidol and metoclopramide enhanced the effects; diazepam offset them, and midazolam had no affect on the analgesic properties. In the course of the studies, RU-1205 showed an increase in analgesic activity when combined with clonidine, a slight increase with midazolam, and a decrease when co-administered with diazepam. Haloperidol had no influence on the effect of RU-1205, while metoclopramide both potentiated and reduced the analgesic effect.

Discussion: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of RU-1205 with an α2AR agonist, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, D2P antagonist, and σ-receptor blocker were established.

Conclusion: The presented data make it possible to more accurately formulate ideas about the localization and action mechanism of the kappa-agonist of opioid receptors, the compound RU-1205.
The impact of developing a blended learning sub-system on students online learning engagement
Authors: Ayub Mewati , Toba Hapnes , Wijanto Maresha Caroline , Parsaoran Roy , Sani Ariyanto , Hernita Yolanda Trixie
Published: September 2021

In this research, we show a development process of engagement sub-systems in a blended-learning management system and evaluate the impact of student interaction in the whole system. We develop special sub-systems for engagement purposes via forum, course rating, and class assignment modules. During the system development process, we employ continuous improvement methodology which helps to shorten the software delivery time without disturbing the overall operation. We evaluate the impact of engagement processes in terms of behavioral, emotional and cognitive aspects. Our evaluation results show that by employing the engagement sub-systems we have increased a 0.30 satisfaction point on average (1-5 Likert scale) for 11 evaluation survey questions distributed to 305 students during 2 times evaluation period. Another interesting finding from the surveys is that behavioral (discussion forum and attendance list sub-system) and cognitive (course rating sub-system) aspects have great influences for the students’ activities (class assignment sub-system) which finally has a great impact on their cognitive performances.
El Casón del Buen Retiro y la exposición centenaria de Alonso Berruguete en 1961: cultura y propaganda entre España, Europa y América Latina
Authors: Mozzati Tommaso
Published: September 2021

A la luz de documentos inéditos, el artículo examina la muestra conmemorativa de la obra de Alonso Berruguete que organizó la Dirección General de Bellas Artes en 1961 en el Casón del Buen Retiro de Madrid. Desde esta perspectiva se analiza la relevancia política que el gobierno franquista atribuyó a la programación cultural de ese espacio recientemente restaurado, y los esfuerzos diplomáticos realizados para dar a conocer el evento en Europa y en América Latina, ofreciendo una visión ideológica del arte del escultor castellano, útil para la propaganda cultural del régimen.
Informal Science Pedagogical Innovation to Promote Understanding of Technology Application in Fluids Mechanics
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nor Farahwahidah , Roslan Anis Nadirah , Azaha Alya Nazirah , Ismail Nadhratul Hidaayah , Murshed Mazlena
Published: September 2021

This study attempts to support the preparation, setup and implementation of innovation for informal science learning that help students with technology application in physics topic. There are 349 students were selected as the sample of this study, in two STEM activities during International Scout STEM Camporee. Following the module developed for informal learning activity, the data collection focus using a survey focus on the learning opportunities created by the module for technology application. Teaching technology application in formal setting is known challenging due to syllabus con-straints. Here, fluid mechanics is a branch of physics knowledge that relates directly with the technology application. The innovation in the informal sci-ence learning module has a specific focus on the technology application of fluid mechanic. Post and pre-test were conducted. The post-test was con-ducted to investigate prior understanding of fundamental fluid mechanic concepts during the designing stage with the students’ ability to make infer-ence. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation were used as the data analysis methods. The finding shows that most of the students did have an initial idea of science concepts such as buoyancy, density, weight of mini Titanic, and Archimedes’ principle. However, their ability to make inference and observation is weakly correlated and not significant. This findings show that students are capable to produce observations and inferences when technology application is brought into discussion during informal science learning. As a conclusion, for informal science learning, it is important for educators to consider the outcomes for students’ learning because the opportunities for students to tap into their prior knowledge from self-determination can be easily achieved within this setting. This study proposes important measures during informal science learning environment to maximize the learning opportunities.
Addressing “Another” in the Aftermath of School Shootings Using Dance and Rhetoric
Authors: Magyar Chelsea K.
Published: September 2021

This chapter investigates dance and rhetoric as resources for sensemaking and discussing school shootings in their aftermath, such that people might speak to one another empathetically and respond as active agents of change. Inspired by the production process and performance of “Equipment for Living: An Artistic Exploration of School Shootings,” the 2019 dance concert choreographed by the author, community is proposed as an additional resource for addressing and healing from school shootings. Burke's dramatism is paired with his concept of “equipment for living” to discuss dance as an alternative to traditional media, such as print journalism, for addressing “another” in the aftermath of school shootings. Another refers to (1) people conjured in the act of performance, collaborators involved in the production process of media, and audience members invited to participate as active viewers and (2) the problem of rhetorically framing school shootings with the term “another.”
School Shootings and Therapeutic Interventions for Traumatized Victims
Authors: Enokela Abel Ebiega
Published: September 2021

This study attempts an encapsulation of school shooting as a strand of mass violence with the purpose of presenting a perceived effective approach that could be therapeutically adopted for handling traumatized victims of school shooting incidents, particularly traumatized students. School violence involving firearms and high fatalities have been trending in many parts of the world. Pathetically, most of the students who are victims of school shootings receive inadequate or no therapeutic interventions that could help them to recover from the emotional trauma that usually accompany school violence. Students with trauma symptoms experience dysfunctional adaptation, leading to impairment of daily functionality, distortions in peer interactivity, and disruptive self-expressivity. This study leans on family system theory and elucidates how the application of this theory could help the traumatized to regain themselves psychosocially in order to maintain adaptation to function properly in the school or community.
Where There's a Will There's a Way
Authors: Crews Gordon A. , Crews Garrison Allen , Crews Samantha Leigh
Published: September 2021

“Where there's a will there's a way” is a proverb that simply means if someone is determined to do something, he or she will find a way to accomplish it regardless of obstacles. Unfortunately, this is very true for those who wish to commit acts of violence wish to commit acts of violence. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the possible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidents of mass and multiple victim violence in the US. More specifically, what impact did efforts such as stay-at-home/shelter-in-place orders, telecommuting options for workers, school closures, cancellation of large public events, and the suspension of non-essential travel have upon the extent and characteristics of mass violence.
Smiling vs. Frowning Faces
Authors: Birch Freeman Ama Amponsaa , Mensah Ishmael , Antwi Kwabena Barima
Published: September 2021

Participatory development has become an integral strategy for achieving sustainable tourism in view of the varying impacts brought by mass tourism. Community participation ensures local control of the pace of tourism development and the creation of a more personalised tourism product. However, some studies have stated tension between governments and locals, which has hindered tourism development. This study, thus, sought to explore the extent to which communities are involved in decision-making and how useful the outcome has been. To achieve the study objectives, two tourism sites in Ghana implemented based on participatory principles, namely Kakum National Park and Afadjato Mountain, were compared. Results of the study suggest there is a fair degree of community involvement at the Gbledi Traditional Area (Afadjato) leading to satisfaction (smiling-faces), rather than Abrafo-Odumase (Kakum), which exhibited dissatisfaction (frowning-faces). The policy and research implications relate mainly to the challenge of achieving sustainable tourism development at the community level.
The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Adaptation to Climate Change in the Northern Mountain of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen The Manh , Ahmad Mokbul Morshed
Published: September 2021

Climate change has adversely affected the indigenous farmers in the mountainous regions not only in Vietnam but also in other countries. This chapter provides the indigenous farmer perception and use of indigenous knowledge to adapt to climate change. The authors reviewed many previous studies related to the indigenous farmer application of indigenous knowledge to adapt to climate change and combined with the data of 362 randomly selected indigenous farmers in Vietnam by using surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. They have found that indigenous farmers were aware of climate change and the negative impacts of climate change on their life both in Vietnam and in many other countries such as India, Bangladesh, and the USA. Furthermore, indigenous farmers have used different indigenous knowledge to adapt to climate change. This chapter also suggested that policymakers should consider indigenous farmer perceptions and indigenous knowledge when designing and formulating climate change policies for indigenous farmers in the future.
The Fight Against Climate Change From an Indigenous System Perspective
Authors: Kugara Stewart Lee , Madima Thizwilondi Joanbeth , Ramavhunga Ndidzulafhi Esther
Published: September 2021

The 21st century has witnessed that climate change has become an acute daily agony. In Africa, to be specific, it has made the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals a myth. It is argued that the implications of climate change are evident in numerous ways on the African continent: incessant floods, cyclones, droughts, and heat waves. These have introduced disastrous outcomes: a heightened threat of food security, inadequate water resource availability, diminished biodiversity, decline in human health viability, and increasing land degradation. At the centre of all this, a more robust understanding of climate change and appropriate palliatives is called for. In South Africa, conservation by the state and numerous stakeholders on the thorny issue of climate change has tended to favour and privilege Western scientific interpretations at the expense of the “indigenous” interpretations as informed by their indigenous epistemologies.
Implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the Development of Indigenous Languages of South Africa
Authors: Makgopa Mokgale
Published: September 2021

Indigenous languages are the carriers of the communication, culture, and identity. It is through language that one expresses one's thoughts, emotions, and feelings. Unfortunately, colonialism created serious problems and obstacles in the development of African indigenous languages. European languages are used in Africa, rated as official languages of African countries while indigenous languages are sidelined and marginalized. Africa's own vision of decolonization, self-realization, and African Renaissance will always be a dream if African languages don't reclaim their rightful position in Africa. Intellectual decolonization is prudent for the realization of emancipation of the indigenous languages.
The Importance of Underpinning Indigenous Research Using African Indigenous Philosophies
Authors: Bhuda Monicca , Koitsiwe Motheo
Published: September 2021

This study uses secondary data to discuss views of indigenous scholars on the importance of using African indigenous philosophies as underpinnings for indigenous research in order to reclaim the dignity of African indigenous knowledge. For many years, African indigenous knowledge has been marginalized and constructed using Western worldviews and methods. African indigenous philosophies were deemed non-existent and non-fitting to be in the academic space by many non-indigenous scholars who believed that indigenous research methods cannot be developed because there are no specific generalized frameworks. In correcting and reclaiming the knowledge and dignity of African indigenous knowledge, this study argues for the decolonization and indigenization of research by utilizing African indigenous philosophies which focuses on African philosophical beliefs and values, that constitute their own way of living, doing, and being. Such research will prevent indigenous people's knowledge from being misrepresented, divided, mystified, commodified, condensed, and misinterpreted.
Survival of the Fittest Protection of Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Kugara Stewart Lee , Mdhluli Tsetselelani Decide , Matshidze Pfarelo Eva
Published: September 2021

This chapter reflects on numerous protections that are available for indigenous knowledge from those who misappropriate it for personal aggrandizement without regard of the holders of the knowledge. The chapter is underpinned on the Afrocentricity and Sankofa theories. A socio-legal methodology was adopted to ground the work to enable students studying indigenous knowledge systems to have a foundation and be able to follow the interdisciplinarity in the writing. As such, a doctrinal approach and qualitative design were engaged to buttress the philosophical reasoning and capture the rich and unrecorded knowledge of inorganic intellectuals. The chapter's standpoint is that the protection of indigenous knowledge requires African-tailored legislation that resonates with indigenous communities' beliefs and are pragmatic yet innovative to bring benefit sharing. In pursuing this, a normative legal framework that could be utilised in the protection of indigenous knowledge is explored.
Economic Development and Growth Perspectives in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Junejo Sadia , Pitafi Adnan , Bhutto Arabella
Published: September 2021

In developing countries, entrepreneurship is seen as a phenomenon related to the growth of the economy. Innovative start-ups feed the country's economy and contribute to reducing unemployment. The aim is to identify the voids to understand how entrepreneurs can better serve their country. Therefore, the authors evaluated the concepts of how entrepreneurs can effectively serve developing economies. The role of entrepreneurial factors such as entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial eco-systems in creating entrepreneurial intention is discussed along with the implementation of entrepreneurial learning in multiple disciplines to help reduce innovative obstacles.
Geospatial Analysis of Agriculture Land Loss in Qena City, Upper Egypt
Authors: Mosleh Mostafa Kamal Kamel , Hazaymeh Khaled Mohmmad Amin
Published: September 2021

Although urbanization presents opportunities for new urban developments, it may have serious problems on environment and land use/cover patterns. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of built‑up delineation index set (BDIS) for mapping agricultural land loss in Upper Egypt. Three Landsat images were obtained for the years 1986, 2000, and 2016 and utilized as inputs to calculate the BDIS variables. Then a supervised classification technique (i.e., support vector machine) was used to classify the images. The findings showed that urban areas have witnessed a dramatic expansion at a growing rate of 44.1% during the 30 years. As a result, the loss of the agricultural land was found to be approximately 64.83 ha, which represents -4%, during the same period because of the urban expansion and the illegal construction of settlements. These findings would support the local decision makers in urban and agriculture land management authorities to develop sustainable development plans that control the spatiotemporal urban expansion and agricultural land loss.
Improving Discriminating Accuracy Rate of DDoS Attacks and Flash Events
Authors: Agha Sahareesh , Rehman Osama , Rahman Ibrahim M. H.
Published: September 2021

Internet security has become a big issue with the passage of time. Among many threats, the distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is the most frequent threat in the networks. The purpose of the DDoS attacks is to interrupt service availability provided by different web servers. This results in legitimate users not being able to access the servers and hence facing denial of services. On the other hand, flash events are a high amount of legitimate users visiting a website due to a specific event. Consequences of these attacks are more powerful when launched during flash events, which are legitimate traffic and cause a denial of service. The purpose of this study is to build an intelligent network traffic classification model to improve the discrimination accuracy rate of DDoS attacks from flash events traffic. Weka is adopted as the platform for evaluating the performance of a random forest algorithm.
Sentiment Analysis of Healthcare Reviews Using Context-Based Feature Weight Embedding Technique
Authors: Prabhu B *Rajalaxmi , Seema S.
Published: September 2021

Healthcare reviews play a major role in providing feedback to consumers as well as medical care information to users. Historically, the sentiment analysis of clinical documents will help patients in analyzing the medicines and identifying the relevant medicines. Existing methods of word embeddings use only the context of words; hence, they ignore the sentiment of texts. Medical review analysis is important due to several reasons. Patients will know the results of using medicines since such information is not easily obtained from any other source. Historical results of predictive analysis say that among people aged 55-80, the death rate from 2005 to 2015 in the US was at the top for the deadliest disease, which increased exponentially. Traditional machine learning techniques use a lexical approach for feature extraction. In this paper, baseline algorithms are checked with the proposed work of the recurrent network, and results show that the method outperforms baseline methods by a significant improvement in terms of precision, recall, f-score, and accuracy.
Netnography
Authors: Kaur Inderjeet , Gaur Diptanshu , Kumar Ashwani , Alatawi Fatmah Mohmmad H.
Published: September 2021

Netnography has emerged as the dominant social media research that allows researchers to understand and assimilate available knowledge for practical insights. However, limited awareness inhibits its development. This systematic literature review attempts to understand the evolution of netnography under the research domain to promote its usage and determine future research directions. The study revealed four broad clusters of the literature based on their prevalence: consumer experience and behaviour, phenomena and events, social media, and digital government. The study also highlights the limited development of new-age phenomena such as brand hate, cyber tourism, and special interest tourism. The study contributes to the domain of netnography in two ways: first by providing a thematic classification of the studies conducted in the decade of 2009-21 and second by suggesting potential future research directions, including scientific inquiry on the new-age phenomena blooming due to high internet penetration.
Homology Modeling and Evaluation of Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein Mutant
Authors: Vyshnavi Hima , Mohan Aswin , Naisam Shahanas , Kumar Suvanish , Sreekumar Nidhin
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov-2), a global pandemic, affected the world, increasing every day. A mutated variant D614G, showing more virulence and transmission, was studied for forecasting the emergence of more virulent and pathogenic viral strains. This study focuses on structure modeling and validation. Characterization of proteins homologous to wild spike protein was done, and homology models of the mutated variant were modeled using these proteins. Validation of models was done using Ramachandran plot and ERRAT plot. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to validate the stability of the models, and binding affinity of these models were estimated by molecular docking with an approved antiviral drug. Docked complexes were studied and the best model was selected. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to estimate the stability of the docked complex. The model of 6VXX, a homologous of wild spike protein, was found to be stable with the interaction of the antiviral drug from this study.
Docking, Binding Free Energy Estimation, and MD Simulation of Newly Designed CQ and HCQ Analogues Against the Spike-ACE2 Complex of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Patel Anjoomaara H. , Patel Riya B. , Memon MahammadHussain J. , Patel Samiya S. , Desai Sharav A. , Meshram Dhananjay B.
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has been spreading rapidly, and scientists are endeavouring to discover drugs for its efficacious treatment. Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, has shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19. As a part of Drug Discovery Hackathon-2020, in this study, the authors have tried making the derivatives of CQ and HCQ using MarvinSketch by ChemAxon. Molecular docking studies of these ligands were performed using Glide by Schrodinger, and ADME profiles were obtained by using QikProp. The obtained results after data analysis demonstrated that ligands HCQ_imidazoll, choloroquine_3c, HCQ_pyrrolC had good binding affinity and complied with all the ADME parameters. The molecular dynamic simulation of these ligands in complex with the 2019-nCoV RBD/ACE-2-B0AT1 complex PDB ID: 6M17 were carried out, and the parameters like RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration were observed to understand the fluctuations and protein-ligand interaction.
Fabrication of Ge30Te 70-xSbx Glasses Alloys and Studying the Effect of Partial Substitution on D.C Electrical Energy Parameters
Authors: Chillab Riyadh Kamil , Jahil Sarab Saadi , Wadi Kassim Mahdi , Jasim Kareem Ali , Shaban Auday H.
Published: September 2021

The non-linear components has been emphasized for its multiple applications in rewritable recording and data storage devices. Chalcogenide glasses materials are promising due to their high refractive index. In this paper, alloys for Ge30Te70-xSbxglasses semiconductor (where x =0.0, 5, 10, 15 and 20) will be fabricated by melt quenching method. The effect of partial substitution on DC electric power parameters, and its knowledge of electrical conduction mechanisms, were investigated to determine the effect of Antimony on the density of extended states, local states, and in Fermi energy states. The electrical measurements revealed the existence of three conduction mechanisms depend on the temperature: at high temperature the conduction will be in the extended state. The local states are responsible at medium temperature, and at low temperature it will related to the Fermi level. The effect of partial substitution had produced change in all electrical conductivity parameters including the (extended, localized, and Fermi) density of states, the activation energy, tail width (ΔE), hoping transition distance (R), and interatomic distances a.
Comparison of Emission Levels of Motor Cars, Motorcycles, and Tricycles Using Petrol Engines in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abosede Odunlami Olayemi , Alaba Akeredolu Funso
Published: September 2021

The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon from four stroke-powered motorcars and two stroke-powered motorcycles and tricycles in Southwest Nigeria were examined using an automotive 4-gas analyer. Results show that tricycles produced more hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than motorcycles, while motorcycles emitted more of these pollutants than the gasoline fueled motor cars. (The gasoline fueled motorcars produced lowest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide while the tricycles produced the highest hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions). On the contrary, motor cars had the highest mean value of carbon dioxide followed by the motorcycles, while tricycles had the least. This could be attributed to the presence of the catalytic converters in some of the motor cars oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The mean values of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcars are 630ppm, 10200ppm and 59900ppm. This is much higher than the NESREA (National Environmental standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency) standards as well as Euro II and Euro III (European standards) for vehicular emission. The mean values for hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions from motorcycles and tricycles are (2150ppm, 21530ppm and 31200ppm) and (2820ppm, 24880ppm and 38710ppm) respectively. These results do not comply with Nigeria and European emission standards for hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Tricycles and motorcycles account for higher concentrations of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide pollutants from mobile sources, while they emit carbon dioxide minimally.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performances by Sand/Zinc Oxide
Authors: Ameer Ali A. , Suriani Abu Bakar , Jabur Akram R. , Abbas Marwan S.
Published: September 2021

In this work, sand/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) have been successfully fabricated on the sand particles using the sol-gel immersion method.The sand/ZnO NRs/custom made immersion methods have successfully composited tri-chain hyper-branched (TC14) – graphene oxide (GO) and sand/ZnO NRs/sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant (SDS) – GO. The FESEM images show the sand/ZnO NRs/TC14-GO have the thin layer compare to sand/ZnO NRs/SDS-GO. The structural properties of sand/ZnO NRs/TC14-GO and sand/ZnO NRs/SDS-GO investigated by Micro-Raman Spectra. Which the sand/ZnO NRs/TC14-GO show best crystallinity compare to sand/ZnO NRs/SDS-GO based on ID/IG ratio was around ~ 0.81 and 0.23. The photocatalysis performance were investigated by UV-vis instrument under 365 nm. The highest removal percent of 5 parts per million (ppm) of methylene blue (MB) with 30 g were observed in sand/ZnO NRs/TC14-GO after 72 hours was ~100%. The improvement of photocatalysis performances of sand/ZnO NRs by composited with GO have been explained by the mechanism.
Compression Resin Transfer Molding Using Inflatable Seals
Authors: Ouezgan Ahmed , Adima Said , Maziri Aziz , Mallil El Hassan , Echaabi Jamal
Published: September 2021

Compression resin transfer molding using inflatable seals is a new variant of LCM (“Liquid composite molding”) processes, which uses the inflatable seals to compress the fiber reinforcements and drive the resin to impregnate the fabric preform, resulting to fill the entire mold cavity. During resin injection, the preform is relaxed. Consequently, the resin enters easily and quickly into the mold cavity. After, the necessary resin is injected into the mold cavity, the compression stage takes place, in a stepwise manner, by swelling the inflatable seals. The objective of this paper is to present this new process and study the effect of the number of inflatable seals on the filling time.
Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures and its Effect on the Optical Properties of Pure PMMA and PMMA-Coumarin
Authors: Zainab J.N. , Jasim Kareem Ali , Kadhum Farah Jawad , Shaban Auday H.
Published: September 2021

The effect of thermal treatment on optical constants of pure PMMA and with addition (15 and 35) ml of coumarin at different temperatures (100, 110 and 120) C0 for 1 hour were investigated. Cast method used to prepares films of pure PMMA and PMMA with (15 and 35) of coumarin. UV/VIS spectrometer technique used to measure the absorption spectra for these films. The optical constant (absorption spectra and absorption coefficient) don’t changes after applied temperatures in pure PMMA film but the optical constant (absorption spectra and absorption coefficient) in PMMA with (15 and 35) ml of coumarin increased with applied temperatures. The optical energy gap of pure PMMA and PMMA with (15 and 35) ml of coumarin slightly decreased after applied temperature up to 1200 C.
Effect of Electrodeposition Mechanism and α-Si3N4/ZrBr2 Doped Composite Particle on the Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Processed NiPZn Coatings on Mild Steel for Advance Application
Authors: Fayomi Ojo Sunday Issac , Ayodeji Sode Adedamola , Anyanwu Benedict Uche , Nkiko Mojisola Olubunmi , Dauda Khadijah Tolulope
Published: September 2021

Ni-P-Zn nanocomposite coatings were plated on mild steel surface from sulphamate rich bath containing (α-Si3N4and α-ZrBr2) nanoparticle produced via electrodeposition process. The compositions of the particulate were varied from 0 to 10 wt% with time variation between 10 to 25 min after ascertaining other optimum parameters. The crystal evolution and morphological quantification were examined using scanning electron microscope supported with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion degradation in an acidic and alkaline environment was considered and compared to establish the suitability and extents of the corrosion vulnerability of deposited coatings. The surface flake crystal identified on the microstructural properties show the presence of compositional constituent and disperse particle of α-Si3N4and α-ZrBr2. Finally, corrosion properties show a resilient crystal surface stability in the presence of chloride and sulphate ion with a remarkable surface film still retained at the bulk interface. This study has confirmed that α-Si3N4and α-ZrBr2composite coating can be used for structural development and corrosion improvement in the presence of active ions.Keywords:Nanomaterials, Structure, Corrosion, Prevention, Coatings
Effect of the Environment on the Characteristics of a Polymer
Authors: Redjala Sonya , Azem Said , Hocine Nourredine Ait
Published: September 2021

The polycarbonate (PC) is a highly valued polymeric material for its various characteristics and low cost. Its transparency and impact resistance justify its use in a severe radiation and temperature environment. The aim of this article is to subject this material to aging under ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a wavelength of 253 nm and a temperature of 80°C for various times. The physicochemical and mechanical characterizations of the virgin and aged material have allowed the revelation of the aging effects on the properties. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique highlight breaks in chemical bonds in the molecular chains of the PC subjected to the combined effects of UV and heat. X-ray analysis have showed a reduction in crystallites and a tendency towards an amorphous state at short times, but the degree of crystallinity increases again at long exposure times of the material. As a result, the microhardness of the aged material is strongly affected on the exposed surface with less effect depending on the depth.
Mechanical Characterization and Fracture Analysis of Epoxy Resin Composites Reinforced with Quasi-Unidirectional Salago Fibers
Authors: Lopena Jerome D. , Millare Jeremiah C.
Published: September 2021

The good environmental effect and possible cost reduction which can be achieved by reinforcing natural fibers in composites while improving some properties led to the development of these materials in various fields. In terms of mechanical properties of composites with natural fibers, both fiber loading and their orientation in the matrices are important factors. In this research work, the effects on the mechanical properties of reinforcing quasi-unidirectional salago fiber in epoxy resin were investigated. Varying alkaline treated fiber contents of 5 %, 10 % and 15 % by weight were characterized through tensile, flexural and impact tests. Fracture analysis after mechanical testing was done with the aid of optical microscopy. As the fiber weight content increases, results revealed enhancements on tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural modulus and impact strength. Overall, the 15 wt. % fiber loading obtained the highest mechanical properties with average tensile and Izod impact strengths of 89.2 MPa and 137 J/m, respectively.
Sliding Friction and Wear Behavior of GCr15 Bearing Steel at Different Temperatures
Authors: Wang Dong Yue , Xu Rong Chang , Xia Dian Xiu , Wang Shou Ren , Pei Ying Chao , Liu Zhi Heng , Han Zheng Peng
Published: September 2021

The effects of temperature on the friction and wear properties of GCr15 were studied by using a RETC multifunctional friction and wear testing machine. The microstructure characterization of the worn surface of the experimental steel was studied by means of metallographic microscope (OM), white light interferometer, secondary electron image (SEI) and back scattered electron image (BEI).The results show that the wear resistance of GCr15 bearing steel at room temperature is better than that at 100°C, 150°C and 200°C. At room temperature, the main wear forms of GCr15 are adhesion wear and fatigue wear. However, at 100°C, 150°C, 200°C, the friction coefficient and oxidation degree in the wear zone first increase and then decrease with the increase of temperature, and the wear form is mainly oxidized wear, accompanied by abrasive wear.
Study on Finishing of Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Resin by Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process with Renewable Abrasive Particles
Authors: Xu Jia Ye , Zou Yan Hua
Published: September 2021

Polychlorotrifluoroethylene material is used in industry as a material with excellent insulation, impact resistance and acid and alkali resistance. In this study, we used a magnetic abrasive finishing process with renewable abrasive particles to finish the surface of the polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin plate. Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) process is a technology that uses flexible magnetic brushes to improve the surface quality of materials. The performance of the magnetic brush is a key factor in surface finishing. In conventional MAF finishing, the number of abrasive particles in the magnetic brush is limited, and the position of the abrasive particles is relatively fixed, which will cause the cutting edge of the abrasive particles to gradually become dull and the finishing efficiency gradually decreases. This paper research the characteristics of the MAF process with renewable abrasive particles. This MAF process has a circulating system that uses a conveyor belt to renew abrasive particles. We use the polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin plate as the experimental processing object to conducted finishing experiment. And the surface roughness of the polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin plate is improved from 315 nm to 32 nm through this process.
The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cartilage Metabolism Biomarkers in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction
Authors: Rodriguez Kazandra M. , Curran Michael Thomas , Palmieri-Smith Riann M.
Published: September 2021

Context

Serum biomarkers may allow for the early identification of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Homeostasis of matrix-metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and type II collagen turnover biomarkers (C2C:CPII ratio) is believed to be compromised in individuals with ACL injury, yet the influence of sex, body mass index (BMI), and age on these biomarkers before and after ACL reconstruction remains unknown.

Objective

To determine the relationship of sex, BMI, and age with serum levels of MMP-3 and C2C:CPII before and after ACL reconstruction.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-two (females = 18, males = 14) individuals with ACL injuries.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Demographic variables and blood samples were collected before surgery and at return to activity. Serum was extracted from the blood and assays were used to quantify MMP-3 and C2C:CPII. Generalized linear mixed-effects regression models were used to assess the relationships between sex, BMI, age, time, and participant on the outcome variables.

Results

A significant time × sex interaction was identified for MMP-3 levels (P = .021), whereby MMP-3 levels were higher in males at return to activity (males, 2.71 ± 0.59 ng/mL; females, 1.92 ± 0.60 ng/mL; P = .017). Males also had higher MMP-3 levels at return to activity when compared with presurgery levels (P = .009). A main effect for age demonstrated that older age was associated with higher MMP-3 levels. No significant main or interaction effects were noted for C2C:CPII levels.

Conclusions

Upregulation of MMP-3 serum levels may occur after ACL reconstruction, particularly in males, which may have deleterious consequences for the cartilage matrix. Sex, BMI, and time did not influence C2C:CPII ratios, but further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.
Increased Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Disease Using a Tissue-Based Laboratory-Developed Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Compared to Standard Diagnostics
Authors: Mackow Natalie A. , Abi-Raad Rita , Kerantzas Christopher A. , Hui Pei , Malinis Maricar , Azar Marwan M.
Published: September 2021

Standard diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) including acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture, and Xpert™ MTB/RIF real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR; Xpert) have variable sensitivity and/or long turnaround times. We describe the clinical performance of a laboratory-developed tissue-based MTB PCR compared with AFB culture and Xpert using a composite reference standard (CRS). Over an 8-year period, MTB PCR was performed on pulmonary, pleural, or lymph node specimens for 36 patients. Of these, 11 met criteria for confirmed/probable MTB using CRS. MTB PCR was positive in 100% (11/11), AFB cultures were positive in 73% (8/11), and Xpert in 0% (0/4). MTB PCR was negative in 25 cases of “No MTB” (100% specific). The MTB PCR assay resulted faster than positive AFB culture (mean time 4.3 versus 21.2 days). Tissue-based MTB PCR was associated with increased and rapid detection of MTB, improving clinical sensitivity in strongly suspected MTB cases.
ARTE E CULTURA EM TEMPOS DE DISPUTAS DE NARRATIVAS
Authors: Marcondes dos Santos Guilherme , Ribeiro Vasconcelos Marcelo
Published: September 2021

O advento de uma autodenominada nova direita no campo político brasileiro, não trouxe apenas a oposição aos programas político-sociais que vinham sendo implementados nas últimas décadas. O ano de 2018 pode ser, assim, encarado como um marco importante para o debate acerca de disputas de narrativas entre grupos políticos que buscam escrever, ou reescrever, o passado e encaminhar o Brasil em distintos rumos. Neste cenário, o campo artístico e cultural não passou ileso. Questionamentos sobre programas de financiamento da área cultural, com consequente cancelamento, e mesmo a censura a exposições se tornaram comuns. Atentando às disputas que têm ocorrido nos campos da arte e da cultura, este dossiê reúne, portanto, pesquisadores/as/us que abordam aspectos desta chamada “disputa de narrativas”.
WALTER ZANINI E AS MEDIAÇÕES DA ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA NO BRASIL EM REDEMOCRATIZAÇÃO
Authors: Souza Tálisson Melo de
Published: September 2021

A partir do estudo de processos de mediação institucional e atividades desempenhadas por agentes culturais intermediários, que operaram na emergência e consolidação da “arte contemporânea” como novo paradigma na história da arte no Brasil. Proponho uma análise desse processo, que se deu ao longo dos anos de 1970 e 1980, articulado às condições limitantes e provocantes de um cenário político que experimentava uma transição gradual e tutelada de um regime ditatorial-militar para uma democracia. Foco o estudo sobre a trajetória de um intermediário cultural específico, Walter Zanini, crítico e historiador de arte, museólogo e professor, que dirigiu o Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo entre 1963 e 1978, e foi a primeira pessoa a ocupar o cargo de curador geral para a Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, entre 1980 e 1983, organizando suas 16ª e 17ª edições.