bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed Proportional Integrative Derivative Controller: Optimization Functions in Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: López Luis Fernando de Mingo , García Francisco Serradilla , Naranjo Hernández José Eugenio , Blas Nuria Gómez
Published: November 2021

Recent advancements in computer science include some optimization models that have been developed and used in real applications. Some metaheuristic search/optimization algorithms have been tested to obtain optimal solutions to speed controller applications in self-driving cars. Some metaheuristic algorithms are based on social behaviour, resulting in several search models, functions, and parameters, and thus algorithm-specific strengths and weaknesses. The present paper proposes a fitness function on the basis of the mathematical description of proportional integrative derivate controllers showing that mean square error is not always the best measure when looking for a solution to the problem. The fitness developed in this paper contains features and equations from the mathematical background of proportional integrative derivative controllers to calculate the best performance of the system. Such results are applied to quantitatively evaluate the performance of twenty-one optimization algorithms. Furthermore, improved versions of the fitness function are considered, in order to investigate which aspects are enhanced by applying the optimization algorithms. Results show that the right fitness function is a key point to get a good performance, regardless of the chosen algorithm. The aim of this paper is to present a novel objective function to carry out optimizations of the gains of a PID controller, using several computational intelligence techniques to perform the optimizations. The result of these optimizations will demonstrate the improved efficiency of the selected control schema.
Influencing Factors and Prevention of Sepsis or Acute Kidney Injury in 85 Patients with Severe Trauma
Authors: Zhang Hong , Chen Dan , Wang Lihua , Li Bing
Published: November 2021

Severe trauma can cause systemic reactions, leading to massive bleeding, shock, asphyxia, and disturbance of consciousness. At the same time, patients with severe trauma are at high risk of sepsis and acute renal injury. The occurrence of complications will increase the difficulty of clinical treatment, improve the mortality rate, and bring heavy physical and mental burdens and economic pressure to patients and their families. It is of great clinical significance to understand the high risk factors of sepsis and AKI and actively formulate prevention and treatment measures. In this study, the clinical data of 85 patients with severe trauma were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify the risk factors leading to sepsis or AKI and analyze the prevention and treatment strategies. The results showed that multiple injuries, APACHE II score on admission, SOFA score on admission, and mechanical ventilation were independent influencing factors of sepsis in patients with severe trauma, while hemorrhagic shock, APACHE II score on admission, CRRT, and sepsis were independent influencing factors of AKI in patients with severe trauma. Severe trauma patients complicated with sepsis or AKI will increase the risk of death. In the course of treatment, prevention and intervention should be given as far as possible to reduce the incidence of complications.
Netizens’ Perspective towards Electronic Money and Its Essence in the Virtual Economy: An Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Delhi‐NCR, India
Authors: Khan Mohammed Arshad
Published: November 2021

This research attempts to evaluate the ongoing position of the modalities exercised in India concerning digital payments. Largely appraised as a success story in the making, this research examines several instrumental factors in India’s digital payment systems. It further extends to identifying the impact of demographic attributes and constructive variables, such as service quality, reliability, satisfaction, and security on digital payment system, Delhi NCR, India. A Google form questionnaire was adopted to collect data through online mode. The researcher collected the primary data from 165 respondents. Purposive sampling method was exercised, along with CFA technique and parameter test used through SPSS (version 25), reliability issue, validity issue, and model fitness achieve through SPSS‐AMOS (version 24). The significant peculiarities and analysis are presented further in this research contributing to a precise depiction of findings and then, based on it, the conclusion.
Restorative Management and Treatment of Pseudo-Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Alfaifi Ali H.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. One of the challenges that clinicians encounter in the dental office is treating occlusal discrepancies. Malocclusion has been classified into three main classes that were further classified by researchers into more detailed subclasses later on. Pseudo-class III malocclusion has been called apparent or positional class III malocclusion, and its treatment usually consists of different modalities depending on how early the case is treated. When early orthodontic intervention was not possible, the restorative treatment becomes an excellent alternative especially when the teeth require restorative rehabilitation. Treatment. In this case report, the patient was suffering from dental wear, multiple failed old restorations, and edge-to-edge occlusal relationship which could be classified as pseudo-class III malocclusion. The patient’s esthetic complaint was addressed with full-coverage lithium disilicate and monolithic zirconia restorations that were successful in reestablishing the patient’s occlusal relationship and were able to eliminate the biological manifestations of dental caries. Conclusion. We were able to provide an alternative to orthodontic treatment where esthetic and functional needs of the patient were met after careful diagnosis and proper management. This clinical approach will give chance to treat patients suffering from minor occlusal discrepancies that require restorative intervention without the need to go through orthodontic therapy.
Effect of ERAS Combined with Comfortable Nursing on Quality of Life and Complications in Femoral Neck Fractures of the Aged People
Authors: Ping Hu , Ling Xu , Xue Yiwei , Dong Fanghui
Published: November 2021

Objective. To explore the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) combined with comfortable nursing on the quality of life and complications of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF). Methods. From May 2019 to May 2020, 80 senile FNF patients who admitted to our hospital were treated by total hip arthroplasty (THA). All patients were randomly divided upon admission into a control group (CG) with usual care and a study group (RG) with ERAS combined with comfort care of 40 patients each. The postoperative efficacy was assessed by Harris score of hip joint function, and the psychology was evaluated by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). The SF-36 score of quality of life, the time of catheter removal, the time of getting out of bed, the hospital stays, the satisfaction of nursing, and the Barthel score of self-care ability were compared between the two groups before and after nursing, and the incidence of postoperative complications was also evaluated. Results. Compared with the CG, the SF-36 score of quality of life and Barthel score of self-care ability in the RG were dramatically higher, while the SAS score of anxiety was dramatically lower. Besides, the time of catheter removal, the time of getting out of bed, and the hospital stays in the RG were dramatically lower (

P

 < 0.05). Furthermore, the nursing satisfaction and postoperative efficacy of patients in the RG were obviously higher (both

P

 < 0.05), while the incidence of complications in the RG was obviously lower (

P

 < 0.05). Conclusion. ERAS combined with comfortable nursing can improve the hip joint function, quality of life, and self-care ability scores of senile FNF patients; relieve the anxiety in patients; and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, which is valuable to be applied extensively.
The Influence of Dentists’ Profile and Health Work Management in the Performance of Brazilian Dental Teams
Authors: da Rocha Mendes Suellen , de Castro Martins Renata , de Melo Mambrini Juliana Vaz , Matta-Machado Antônio Thomaz Gonzaga , Mattos-Savage Grazielle Christine , Gallagher Jennifer Elizabeth , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimaraes
Published: November 2021

To evaluate the association between dentists’ profile and health work management with the performance of primary care dental teams in the Brazilian National Health System, both nationally and regionally. Secondary data analysis from a Brazilian National Programme that evaluated 18,114 Brazilian dental teams, working in the public sector, between 2013 and 2014. Twenty‐four independent variables taken from dentists’ profile and dental team management characteristics were analysed to assess their influence on reported “dental team performance.” An estimated score was generated from their performance on 20 dental procedures by an item response theory model. Multiple linear regression models were performed for each Brazilian geographical region, separately and for the whole of Brazil. p values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Two variables related to dentists’ profile, “having graduate studies” (β = 0.151) and “undertaking continuing professional development training” (β = 0.101), were associated with enhanced dental team performance in all five Brazilian geographical regions and nationally. The dental team management variables of “having a flexible dental appointment list” (β = 0.218) and “monitoring oral health indicators” (β = 0.132) also contributed to improve team performance in each of the regions and nationally. Dentists’ profile influenced the performance of dental teams from south region more than the other regions. The findings suggest that continuing professional development, including postgraduate education, and strategic management characteristics are important for primary dental care performance and should be reflected in health policy initiatives in support of quality care. Regional factors could be considered for health care management.
Differential Expression Profiles and Functional Prediction of circRNAs in Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Pan Ya , Chen Wenjuan , Yan Xiangyun , Yu Boshi , Yao Shuwen , Chen Xiaohui , Han Shuping
Published: November 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of noncoding RNAs, have been demonstrated to behave as microRNA (miRNA) sponges to exert their effects during pathological processes of diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs have not been explored in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This study sought to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and predict their potential biological functions in NEC. circRNA expression profiles in terminal ileum from newborn rats with NEC and normal controls were explored using next‐generation sequencing. In the NEC group, 53 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, including 9 upregulated and 44 downregulated. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were conducted, and circRNA‐miRNA interaction networks were generated to predict the potential roles of circRNAs in NEC progression. Further investigation revealed that most circRNAs include miRNA binding sites and that some are implicated in NEC development. In conclusion, this study’s findings demonstrate that differentially expressed circRNAs are involved in NEC development via their interactions with miRNAs, making them prospective targets for NEC diagnosis and treatment.
Determining Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors in Cameroon: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Ahinkorah Bight Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Keetile Mpho , Yaya Sanni
Published: November 2021

Background. Anemia constitutes a major public health concern, which is associated with maternal and perinatal mortality. In low‐ and middle‐income countries, the burden of anemia is profoundly high. Cameroon, as one of the low‐ and middle‐income countries, has a disproportionate anemia burden. Factors associated with anemia prevalence are largely unknown in Cameroon. Hence, we determined the prevalence of anemia and its individual/household and community‐level factors among adult women in Cameroon. Methods. We derived data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey for analysis in this study. Using the Stata version 14 software, univariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to select variables that had significant association with anemia at p < 0.05. Statistically significant variables were included in a multivariable multilevel logistic regression modelling to examine their associations with anemia. Results were reported using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. A total of 6,809 women aged 15‐49 years were involved in this study with a mean age 30 ± 11.87 years. Approximately two‐fifths of women were anemic. Of them, 0.8% were severely anemic, while 17.4% and 21.5% were moderately and mildly anemic, respectively. Current employment status (yes AOR = 0.77, 95% CI; 0.61‐0.96) and parity (1‐2 children AOR = 0.61, 95% CI; 0.44‐0.86) were the main individual level factors associated with anemia, whereas region (Douala region AOR = 2.65, 95% CI; 1.61‐4.36, North‐West region AOR = 0.53, 95% CI; 0.28‐0.99) was the community‐level factor associated with anaemia. Conclusion. Empowerment of women through employment opportunities as well as focusing special attention in region where high prevalence of anemia could be crucial to decrease the burden of anemia and related maternal and perinatal mortality in the country.
Tracheobronchial Foreign Body Aspiration Diagnosed with Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Guglielmo Robert D. , Khemani Robinder G.
Published: November 2021

Background. Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children has a high morbidity, and early diagnosis is the key for preventing acute and chronic respiratory complications. To diagnose FBA, commonly used imaging modalities have limited negative predictive value, and rigid bronchoscopy remains as the gold standard. We present a case where the diagnosis of FBA was made in a novel way with electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Case Presentation. A 19-month-old previously healthy boy was admitted with a clinical diagnosis of respiratory failure secondary to bronchiolitis. Chest X-ray showed bilateral lung hyperinflation. He enrolled in a research study which used EIT to measure the effects of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on minute ventilation in children with bronchiolitis. On initiation, the patient had near-normal right lung ventilation (98%) and near-absent left lung ventilation (2%). We discontinued the study and alerted the medical team that we suspected FBA. Further imaging (lateral decubitus films and lung ultrasounds) was also obtained, but was not diagnostic. Rigid bronchoscopy was performed and showed a peanut occluding the left mainstem bronchus (LMB). The peanut was removed followed by complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms. Conclusions. We believe this is the first reported case of FBA diagnosed via EIT. EIT has been shown to be a useful but underutilized technology for diagnosing respiratory disease. While FBA remains a relatively common cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than age four, early diagnosis remains difficult and requires vigilance. This case illustrates the challenges of relying on chest films and ultrasound to assist with diagnosis and suggests that EIT in combination with a thorough history and physical exam can be used to confirm the presence of FBA.
Impaired Sensorimotor Adaption in Schizophrenia in Comparison to Age-Matched and Elderly Controls
Authors: Cornelis Claudia , De Picker Livia J. , Coppens Violette , Morsel Anne , Timmers Maarten , Dumont Glenn , Sabbe Bernard G.C. , Morrens Manuel , Hulstijn Wouter
Published: November 2021

Background: The “cognitive dysmetria hypothesis” of schizophrenia proposes a disrupted communication between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, resulting in sensorimotor and cognitive symptoms. Sensorimotor adaptation relies strongly on the function of the cerebellum. Objectives: This study investigated whether sensorimotor adaptation is reduced in schizophrenia compared with age-matched and elderly healthy controls. Methods: Twenty-nine stably treated patients with schizophrenia, 30 age-matched, and 30 elderly controls were tested in three motor adaptation tasks in which visual movement feedback was unexpectedly altered. In the “rotation adaptation task” the perturbation consisted of a rotation (30° clockwise), in the “gain adaptation task” the extent of the movement feedback was reduced (by a factor of 0.7) and in the “vertical reversal task,” up- and downward pen movements were reversed by 180°. Results: Patients with schizophrenia adapted to the perturbations, but their movement times and errors were substantially larger than controls. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of adaptation was significantly smaller in schizophrenia than elderly participants. The impairment already occurred during the first adaptation trials, pointing to a decline in explicit strategy use. Additionally, post-adaptation aftereffects provided strong evidence for impaired implicit adaptation learning. Both negative and positive schizophrenia symptom severities were correlated with indices of the amount of adaptation and its aftereffects. Conclusions: Both explicit and implicit components of sensorimotor adaptation learning were reduced in patients with schizophrenia, adding to the evidence for a role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Elderly individuals outperformed schizophrenia patients in the adaptation learning tasks.
Real-World Single-Center Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Entecavir, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Jeong Sara , Shin Hyun Phil , Kim Ha Il
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and entecavir (ETV) are recommended as primary treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ETV, TDF, and TAF in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 363 CHB patients who were treated with ETV (n = 163), TDF (n = 154), or TAF (n = 46) from July 2007 to September 2019 were enrolled. Results: Median patient age was 51 years and 66.4% of patients were male. Median duration of treatment with ETV, TDF, or TAF was 49.0 months (interquartile range, 27.0–74.0 months). In terms of safety, cholesterol was mildly increased in the ETV and TAF groups and significantly lowered in the TDF group than baseline (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in liver cirrhosis-related complications among the 3 groups at 48 weeks (p = 0.235). Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, complete virological response, and alanine aminotransferase normalization at 48 weeks as measures of treatment efficacy were not significantly different among the 3 groups (p = 0.142, 0.538, and 0.520, respectively). There was also no significant difference in cumulative incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between the ETV and TDF groups (p = 0.894). Conclusions: ETV, TDF, and TAF were safe antiviral agents and showed similar antiviral effect for CHB at 48 weeks. Cirrhosis-related complications and annual HCC incidence rates did not differ significantly between the ETV and TDF groups over the 48 week follow-up period.
Risk Stratifying and Prognostic Analysis of Subclinical Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infection: Insight From Traditional Bacterial Culture
Authors: Lin Gaofeng , Zou Tong , Dong Min , Liu Junpeng , Cui Wen , Tong Jiabin , Shi Haifeng , Chen Hao , Chong Jia , Lyu You , Wu Sujuan , Wang Zhilei , Jin Xin , Gao Xu , Sun Lin , Qu Yimei , Yang Jiefu
Published: November 2021

Background

Subclinical infection of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is a common condition and increases the risk of clinical infection. However, there are limited studies focused on risk stratifying and prognostic analysis of subclinical CIED infection.

Methods and Results

Data from 418 consecutive patients undergoing CIED replacement or upgrade between January 2011 and December 2019 were used in the analysis. Among the patients included, 50 (12.0%) were detected as positive by bacterial culture of pocket tissues. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase‐negative staphylococci (76.9%). Compared with the noninfection group, more patients in the subclinical infection group were taking immunosuppressive agents, received electrode replacement, or received CIED upgrade and temporary pacing. Patients in the subclinical infection group had a higher PADIT (Prevention of Arrhythmia Device Infection Trial) score. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis found that use of immunosuppressive agents (odds ratio [OR], 6.95 [95% CI, 1.44–33.51];
P
=0.02) and electrode replacement or CIED upgrade (OR, 6.73 [95% CI, 2.23–20.38];
P
=0.001) were significantly associated with subclinical CIED infection. Meanwhile, compared with the low‐risk group, patients in the intermediate/high‐risk group had a higher risk of subclinical CIED infection (OR, 3.43 [95% CI, 1.58–7.41];
P
=0.002). After a median follow‐up time of 36.5 months, the end points between the subclinical infection group and noninfection group were as follows: composite events (58.0% versus 41.8%,
P
=0.03), rehospitalization (54.0% versus 32.1%,
P
=0.002), cardiovascular rehospitalization (32.0% versus 13.9%,
P
=0.001), CIED infection (2.0% versus 0.5%,
P
=0.32), all‐cause mortality (28.0% versus 21.5%,
P
=0.30), and cardiovascular mortality (10.0% versus 7.6%,
P
=0.57).

Conclusions

Subclinical CIED infection was a common phenomenon. The PADIT score had significant value for stratifying patients at high risk of subclinical CIED infection. Subclinical CIED infection was associated with increased risks of composite events, rehospitalization, and cardiovascular rehospitalization.
Imprisoning “Enemies of the State” in a Communist Dictatorship
Authors: Nielsen Christian Axboe
Published: November 2021

Even though the Yugoslav Communists were expelled from the Soviet bloc in 1948, the Communist regime in Yugoslavia headed by Josip Broz Tito had embraced many of the repressive policies associated with Stalinist dictatorships. Based on newly available archival materials from Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article examines policies related to the incarceration of “enemies of the state” during the first several years of Tito's regime. By focusing on policy discussions and implementation, the article shows how government, state security, and prison officials dealt with questions relating to prison conditions, penal policy, and rehabilitation. These documents permit scholars to begin moving beyond the existing focus on well-documented events of mass killing and oppression during the early years of Communist rule—such as the Goli Otok prison camp for alleged Cominformists and mass executions in late 1944—to gain a better understanding of how Yugoslav officials viewed and debated penal policies.
Motivation Crowding in Peer Effects: The Effect of Solar Subsidies on Green Power Purchases
Authors: Nauze Andrea La
Published: November 2021

I test whether economic incentives impact peer effects in public-good settings. I study how a visible and subsidized contribution to a public good (installing solar panels) affects peer contributions to the same good that are neither subsidized nor visible (electing green power). Exploiting spatial variation in the feasibility of installing solar panels, I find that on average panels increase voluntary purchases of green power by neighbors. However, when subsidies to solar are high, solar panels reduce peer contributions. The results support the hypothesis that signals drive peer responses to visible public-good contributions and that economic incentives alter those signals.
Markups and Fixed Costs in Generic and Off-Patent Pharmaceutical Markets
Authors: Ganapati Sharat , McKibbin Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Wide dispersion is seen in pharmaceutical prices across countries with comparable quality standards. Under monopoly, off-patent and generic drug prices are at least four times higher in the United States than in comparable English-speaking high-income countries. With five or more competitors, off-patent drug prices are similar or lower. Our analysis shows that differential U.S. markups are largely driven by the market power of drug suppliers and are not due to wholesale intermediaries or pharmacies. Furthermore, we show that the traditional mechanism of reducing market power—free entry—is limited because implied entry costs are substantially higher in the United States.
Exploring the Engagement of Pacific Island Judges with the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Farran Sue
Published: November 2021

This article considers the extent to which judges in cases involving children in the island states of the Pacific, act consistently with, or are influenced by, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc). All Pacific island states have ratified the uncrc but giving effect to children’s rights faces challenges not least for judges. Drawing on the case-law of the region this article presents a quantitative and qualitative review of judicial engagement with the Convention, revealing that there are examples of good practice which could be shared, but also continuing difficulties which need to be met.
Campylotropis luquanensis (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae), a new species from Southwest China
Authors: JIANG LI-SHA , XU BO
Published: November 2021

Campylotropis luquanensis, a new species from Yunnan and Sichuan, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. grandifolia and C. henryi, but it can be distinguished by having smaller stipules, abaxially sparsely pubescent obovate to obcordate leaflets, shorter inflorescences, and legume with obvious net-veins. Moreover, C. luquanensis is distinguished by usually with 2–4 axillary racemes densely clustered on the second-year brachyhlasts, and by its flowering before leaves. Information of this new species including distribution, habitat, phenology and etymology is also provided.
Fifty years without a name: a new species of Splendeuptychia Forster (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Authors: ROSA AUGUSTO H. B. , HUERTAS BLANCA , WILLMOTT KEITH R. , BARBOSA EDUARDO P. , MACHADO PATRÍCIA A. , MIELKE OLAF H. H. , CANAAN CARLOS H. P. , FREITAS ANDRÉ V.L.
Published: November 2021

A new satyrine butterfly species, Splendeuptychia tupinamba Freitas, Huertas & Rosa, sp. nov. (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), is described. This species is found throughout a large geographical range in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, predominantly in the Cerrado domain, with some records in neighboring Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. Morphology and molecular data indicate that this species is part of a clade that includes Splendeuptychia ashna (the type species of the genus Splendeuptychia), and several species placed in the recently described genus Nubila Viloria, Andrade & Henao, 2019.
Burmanyctycia, a new genus for a new species from north-western Myanmar with notes on closely related genera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Xylenini)
Authors: BENEDEK BALÁZS , VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , BABICS JÁNOS , SALDAITIS AIDAS
Published: November 2021

A new genus Burmanyctycia gen. n. is described for the new species Burmanyctycia naumanni sp. n. from Chin State in north-western Myanmar. The new genus is related to the genera Blepharomima Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998, Bryotypella Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998 and Charanyctycia Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998. Two new synonyms are established: Bryotypella = Paranyctycia Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998, syn. n. and Bryotypella = Parabole Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998, syn. n. Six new combinations are established: Bryotypella minima (Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1999), comb. n., Bryotypella miraculosa (Hreblay, Peregovits & L. Ronkay, 1999), comb. n., Bryotypella orbiculosa (Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998), comb. n., Bryotypella rubiculosa (Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999), comb. n., Bryotypella medionigra (Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998), comb. n. and Bryotypella rectilinea (Hreblay & L. Ronkay, 1998), comb. n. The check-lists of the genera Bryotypella and Charanyctycia are provided. Adults, male and female genitalia of the new and the related taxa are illustrated.
Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae II: Study of the genus of Microlarnaca (Orthoptera:) with description one new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: LU XIANGYI , BIN WEI , BIAN XUN
Published: November 2021

One new species of Microlarnaca discovered by the authors’s group during expeditions to Yunnan Province is described: Microlarnaca zhengi Lu & Bian sp. nov.. Diagnostic note, images of the morphological characters and description of tegminal veins of Microlarnaca dicrana (Bey-Bienko, 1962) are also given.
Ovary-Sparing Surgery for Ovarian Teratoma in an Infant with Nonbilious Vomiting
Authors: Gerry Brielle V. , Parrado Raphael H. , Hannay Madison , Cina Robert A.
Published: November 2021

Ovarian teratoma is the most common ovarian tumor in children with an overall incidence of 2.6 cases per 100,000 girls per year. Diagnosis and management are challenging due to its nonspecific presentation, malignancy determination, and need to conserve fertility. A previously healthy 5-month-old female infant presented with fever, abdominal distension, and nonbilious emesis, and an 8.2 × 6.8 × 6.1-centimeter pelvic mass originating from the left adnexa was found on imaging. Due to concern for malignancy and torsion, exploratory laparotomy and ovarian-sparing surgery (OSS) with resection of the mass were performed. Histology showed a grade 1 teratoma. This case illustrates a challenging diagnosis and its symptom overlap with other etiologies in infants. The keys to diagnosing and managing this entity are including ovarian pathology in the differential diagnosis and performing OSS whenever possible. Furthermore, ultrasound follow-up is needed to monitor for ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian tumors later in life.
Perforated Peptic Ulcer of the Duodenum After the Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Laverty Robert B. , Yoon Brian S. , Sokol Kyle K. , Sparkman Brian K.
Published: November 2021

Perforated ulcers of the gastric remnant and duodenum seem to be a rare complication after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Diagnosis of this complication can be difficult given a vague presentation, however, early intervention is critical to prevent further morbidity. We present the case of a 38-year-old male with a perforated duodenal ulcer nearly a year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Upon presentation, he complained of 8 hours of epigastric pain. His medical history was significant for chronic peptic ulcer disease and a negative history of H. pylori. Recently, he had been prescribed naproxen by his primary care physician for knee pain. His vital signs were normal with the exception of his systolic blood pressure which was 190 mmHg. He was diaphoretic and peritonitic on exam. He was taken emergently for a diagnostic laparoscopy and found to have a perforation of ∼5 mm of the anterior portion of his duodenum. This was repaired laparoscopically with an omental patch and the patient recovered without any further intervention required. While this is a rare complication reported in the literature, this or similar complications of the remnant stomach may be underrepresented in publications. The surgical intervention of this disease will either be resection of the remnant or an omental patch. However, controversy remains as to the proper post-operative medical treatment. For our patient, the inciting agent was likely the naproxen he was given and this was stopped immediately. Patient education and ownership should remain a cornerstone for patients that have undergone a Roux-en-y gastric bypass.
Acute Kidney Injury After Large Ventral Hernia Repair Requiring Transversus Abdominis Release
Authors: Schaeffer H. David , Sharp Nicole E. , Jaap Kathryn , Semian John , Alaparthi Mohanbabu , Sun Haiyan , Young Amanda , Factor Matthew
Published: November 2021

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known postoperative complication of open ventral hernia repair contributing to increased costs, hospital length of stay, and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify whether the muscle injury that occurs in a posterior separation of components via transversus abdominis release (TAR) contributes to a higher incidence of postoperative AKI.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent open retrorectus ventral hernia repair with and without TAR at a single institution between 2012 and 2019 was performed. Patients who underwent a separation of components via either unilateral or bilateral transversus abdominis release were compared to those who did not undergo TAR as part of their hernia repair (non-TAR). The outcome of interest was the development of postoperative AKI. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in creatinine of greater than 50% of the preoperative baseline. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of TAR on the development of AKI.

Results

There were 523 patients who met inclusion criteria, of which 159 (30.4%) had a TAR as part of their retrorectus hernia repair. No differences were found in preoperative characteristics between the TAR and non-TAR group including age, gender, history of kidney disease, or history of diabetes. By contrast, the TAR group had significantly greater median estimated blood loss (100 mL vs 75 mL, P < .01), mean positive intraoperative fluid balance (2255 mL vs 1887 mL, P < .01), and operative duration (321 min vs 269 min, P < .001). The rate of AKI in the TAR group was 11% (n = 18) vs 6% (n = 23, P = .0503) in the non-TAR group. On multivariate analysis controlling for patient characteristics and intraoperative factors, TAR was the only factor with a significantly increased odds of AKI (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.994-3.905, P = .0521).

Conclusions

In patients with large ventral hernias requiring retrorectus repair, performing a TAR is associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in the development of postoperative AKI. These findings suggest that these patients should be optimized perioperatively with emphasis on fluid resuscitation, limiting nephrotoxic medications and monitoring urine output.
Putting diverse farming households’ preferences and needs at the centre of seed system development
Authors: Mausch Kai , Almekinders Conny J.M. , Hambloch Caroline , McEwan Margaret Anne
Published: November 2021

Over recent decades international agricultural research has shown that it can generate agricultural technologies with benefits for societies in the Global South that outstrip the investments many times over. However, it has also been shown that the benefits generated are not evenly spread and do not reach some groups of farmers at all. Too often, segments of the intended target populations are left out and these often tend to be those already ‘left behind’. New seeds and varieties are important elements of agricultural technologies and the development of these relies on seed delivery systems to get new varieties to the farming population. Here we argue that a clear analysis of the preferences and needs of farming households and their inherent heterogeneity is required when setting the goals for breeding programmes and designing seed delivery systems. We characterize the differences in demand profiles, which implies different types of seed delivery models that are tailed to context, crop and preferences and the multiple needs of farming households. We point to the implications for organizing and targeting the seed delivery system in order to cater for all. Recognising the existence of diverse demands, developing different seeds and varieties and delivering them through a variety of models asks for clarity on mandates and opens up the opportunities for coordination that will lead to synergies in meeting the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and reach a wider population of farming households.
Finite element modeling and experimental testing of woven fabric based on a new instrument: simulative analysis of the compression property
Authors: Sun Yi , Liu Gui , Lu Dongdong , Pan Xingxing , Du Zhaoqun
Published: November 2021

A multi-scale finite element (FE) model including a macro-scale instrument and fabric composed of meso-scale yarns is established so as to deeply understand the compression mechanism of woven fabrics based on the Quick-Intelligent Handle Evaluation System. The compression stress and strain of the fabric and its internal warp and weft yarns are revealed in the FE analysis, and a parameter study involving the friction coefficient, Young’s modulus, yarn spacing and crimp height is addressed to understand the fabric deformation. The results show that fabric parameters have a significant impact on the compression behavior, indicating that the compression performance of the fabric is limited by the nonlinear mechanical and geometric properties of the yarn. Moreover, by comparing the FE modeling and experimental testing, the FE model proved to be sufficient to simulate the compression response of the fabric, so as to predict the compression property based on actual or preset material properties.
Taking a “Whole” Classroom Perspective: Theorizing Classroom Typologies Using a Video-Based Observational Protocol
Authors: Karras Juliana E. , Hernández Guadalupe L. , Cabral Patricia , Nguyen Stephanie , Suárez-Orozco Carola
Published: November 2021

Inspired by a “whole child” framing, the current study takes a “whole classroom” perspective to consider classroom practice. Study aims included: (1) presenting a systematic video-based observational coding strategy to concurrently consider practice domains that have implications for learning—cognitive instruction, classroom management, and teacher–student relational interactions; (2) identifying distinct and interrelated classroom typologies based upon this coding strategy. The framework was developed through coding and analysis of 58 purposively sampled urban 4th–9th grade classrooms from the Measures of Effective Teaching study. Analyses revealed three overarching typologies: task-focused (52%), low stimulation (43%), and optimal (5%). We conclude by discussing implications for urban education.
Tourists as Caged Birds: Elaborating Travel Thoughts and Craving When Feeling Captive
Authors: Irimiás Anna , Zoltán Mitev Ariel
Published: November 2021

Being unable to travel feels like being a caged bird for many and trapped in unwanted situations strengthens travel desire. This study contextualizes travel deprivation and subsequent desire thinking in relation to the concept of craving. It introduces lockdown captivity and travel craving as relevant factors to understand tourism demand when travel is impossible. This research demonstrates the usefulness of the elaborated intrusion theory in the tourism context and newly defines wanderlust in association with craving. Empirical support for the hypotheses that lockdown captivity and wanderlust are key determinants of travel craving is provided. Travel craving should be used as an alternative concept to travel intention in situations in which travel is curtailed or impossible. Tourism marketers and practitioners are advised to build on the caged bird metaphor to effectively communicate their offerings during crises that result in travel restrictions and to show their empathy toward would-be tourists.
CEO Turnover and the Engagement Quality Reviewer’s Audit Effort
Authors: Kim Yoo Chan , Kim Jongkyum , Seol Inshik
Published: November 2021

Previous literature on the engagement quality (EQ) review argues that EQ reviewers should provide more efforts into the review process when fieldwork auditors’ judgments and conclusions on the financial statements are potentially biased. Little empirical study has been done, however, partly due to the confidentiality of the detailed data on EQ reviewers’ audit hours. The purpose of the article is to shed light on the existing literature by conducting an empirical investigation using a unique actual data set available in Korea. The results show that the EQ review hours are positively associated with CEO turnovers, a proxy for the audit risk, which supports the prediction of the theory on the EQ review. Additional analyses show that such results are stronger under (a) the upward earnings management and (b) the forced CEO turnover. The article extends the existing literature on the EQ review process and enhances the understanding of the engagement-level quality control in the volatile audit environment by providing empirical evidence to the analytic discussions on the EQ review.
Emotion Work and Gender Inequality in Transnational Family Life
Authors: Chávez Sergio , Paige Robin , Edelblute Heather
Published: November 2021

This study examines the emotion work of non-migrant women as they seek to sustain family life across borders. We draw on in-depth interviews with 59 non-migrant women in Guanajuato, Mexico who had immigrant spouses in the USA to assess emotion work dynamics between partners. Our analysis reveals that non-migrant women do emotion work that entails imagining lives abroad and then tailoring emotional support that addresses the needs of spouses. We also discuss how the difficulties associated with prolonged separation leads women to suppress their own needs and feelings, which can lead to emotional burnout and marital conflict. Putting non-migrant women and their activities at the center of our analysis highlights the emotional costs of migration for those who remain behind and the ways in which emotion work is a highly gendered activity that reinforces inequality through communication. We highlight how women’s subordinated status in transnational Mexican families and the need to keep the remittances flowing help explain why emotion work falls largely on women.
Ways of Seeing the Historic Process: An Analysis of the Spots from the Spanish Election Campaign of April 2019
Authors: Serra Marcello , González Rayco
Published: November 2021

Electoral spots are an especially significant element of political parties’ campaign strategies, and they are keys for building their identities. This article analyzes the spots from the election campaign for Spain's general elections of April 28, 2019, and it observes how the differentiation strategies of the parties can be understood through their different attitudes to the historic process. Using references to memory studies, it proposes a semiotic square that summarizes the different positions of each party with respect to this variable. In so doing, the article intends to shed light on the profound logic of positioning used in these elections. Moreover, as the different attitudes to the historic process seem to be related to contrasting ways to consider the national identity, we believe that the proposed model could be extended to other similar cases.
Do collaterals visualized on coronary angiography impact left ventricle ejection fraction among Asian Indians presenting with acute coronary syndrome? The Deucalion Study
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Champaneri Bhavik , Patel Iva , Thangasami Senthilraj , Tated Suyash , Jha Shobha Nand
Published: November 2021

Background

The coronary collaterals have been ascribed as a potential alternative source of myocardial perfusion to the extent that some suggest it as a “natural bypass”! We proposed to evaluate the impact of the extent of collaterals on left ventricle ejection fraction among Asian Indians presenting with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods

This was a retrospective, all-comers study performed on consecutive 3614 patients presenting with the acute coronary syndrome. Angiograms were evaluated for collaterals graded according to Rentrop’s classification among group A (grades 0 and 1) and group B (grades 2 and 3) collaterals.

Results

Patients were matched for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in groups A and B as well as for ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction subgroups in both the groups. Grades 2 and 3 collaterals were significantly ( P = 0.04) higher in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction—266/1319 (20.17%), as compared to ST elevation myocardial infarction—group 400/2295 (17.43%). Left ventricle ejection fraction on presentation was better preserved in group A as compared to group B in those with double-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, whereas it was better in single-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. The inverse correlation ( r = −0.111, P = 0.000) existed between left ventricle ejection fraction and grades of collaterals.

Conclusion

Patients with the single-vessel disease were more likely to have poor coronary collateral as compared to double-vessel disease/triple-vessel disease. Despite higher grade coronary collateral among Asian Indians presenting with acute coronary syndrome, both non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction patients with triple-vessel disease had significantly lower left ventricle ejection fraction. This paradoxically brings out worse left ventricle ejection fraction on presentation in those with double-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease with ST elevation myocardial infarction and single-vessel disease and triple-vessel disease with ST elevation myocardial infarction despite higher grade of coronary collateral representing as “Asian Indian Paradox” in our cohort.
The stories of eight women managed by a community rehabilitation company during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Woolford Rebecca
Published: November 2021

This study explores the stories of eight women supervised by probation during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Probation quickly implemented an exceptional delivery model to protect the health and safety of staff and service users. Covid-19 has highlighted societal disparities across the world, it can be suggested that this has hugely impacted the lives of women and further extending the gender inequality gap. Although acknowledging that this is a small-scale study, it does provide a platform for women to voice and share their experiences of both problematic challenges encountered and the opportunities embraced during the first national lockdown. Firstly, the importance of supervisory relationships kept women feeling connected, emotionally supported and provided a source for practical advice. Secondly, the experiences of lockdown were felt differently dependant on the vulnerabilities and complexities of women; in short, the greater the priority need the more issues and obstacles women encountered. Thirdly, remote probation supervision was regarded as the safest and appropriate way to approach the unchartered waters of Covid-19. And finally, there was shared optimism to return to ‘normal’ face-to-face supervision, re-engage with services that had been paused or interrupted to aid recovery and rehabilitation.