bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise dynamical masses of new directly imaged companions from combining relative astrometry, radial velocities, and HIPPARCOS-Gaia eDR3 accelerations
Authors: Rickman E. L. , Matthews E. , Ceva W. , Ségransan D. , Brandt G. M. , Zhang H. , Brandt T. D. , Forveille T. , Hagelberg J. , Udry S.
Published: November 2022

Aims. With an observing time span of more than 20 yr, the CORALIE radial-velocity survey is able to detect long-term trends in data corresponding to companions with masses and separations accessible to direct imaging. Combining exoplanet detection techniques, such as radial velocities from the CORALIE survey, astrometric accelerations from HIPPARCOS and Gaia eDR3, and relative astrometry from direct imaging, removes the degeneracy of unknown orbital parameters. This allows precise model-independent masses of detected companions to be derived, which provides a powerful tool to test models of stellar and substellar mass-luminosity relations.

Methods. Long-term precise Doppler measurements with the CORALIE spectrograph reveal radial-velocity signatures of companions on long-period orbits. The long baseline of radial-velocity data allows the detectability of the companion candidates to be assessed with direct imaging. We combine long-period radial-velocity data with absolute astrometry from HIPPARCOS and Gaia eDR3 and relative astrometry derived from new direct imaging detections with VLT/SPHERE to fit orbital parameters and derive precise dynamical masses of these companions.

Results. In this paper we report the discovery of new companions orbiting HD 142234, HD 143616, and HIP 22059, as well as the first direct detection of HD 92987 B, and update the dynamical masses of two previously directly imaged companions: HD 157338 B and HD 195010 B. The companions span a period range of 32–279 yr and are all very low-mass stellar companions, ranging from 218 to 487 MJup. We compare the derived dynamical masses to mass-luminosity relations of very low-mass stars (<0.5 M⊙), and discuss the importance of using precursor radial-velocity and astrometric information to inform the future of high-contrast imaging of exoplanets and brown dwarfs.
Optimal Design of Battery Storage Systems for RES Using Simulation Methods
Authors: Csuka Zoltán , Matušov Jozef , Hlbočan Peter , Kolková Zuzana , Murgašová Marta
Published: November 2022

The use of battery storage systems (BSS) is an increasingly common topic in the context of the operation of various types of renewable energy sources (RES). One of the applications may be to solve the problem of energy-free operation of small hydropower plants, where quite specific requirements are placed on the design of the BSS. In the context of optimal BSS design for a given application, this paper discusses the computer analysis capabilities that are essential in the design and performance verification phase of a BSS. The paper presents the possibilities of simulation methods in the field of electrical analysis of cell current load during charging and discharging processes, thermal analysis related to the selection of a suitable cooling system with respect to the operating mode of the battery system.
Effect of Impeller Size on the Performance of a Single Blade Pump
Authors: Knížat Branislav , Šlachtič Dušan , Olšiak Róbert
Published: November 2022

Changing the impeller diameter is a frequently used method for adjusting pump performance parameters. In the case of conventional multi-blade impellers, this is done by reducing the diameter on the machine tool to the prescribed shape. The other dimensions of the pump (diffuser, inlet) remain unchanged. This method is called trimming. The article deals with the diameter reduction and subsequent modification of the performance parameters of a single blade pump. These pumps are characterized by certain specific features. First of all, it is an unsymmetrical impeller that must be both statically and dynamically balanced. This plays an essential role in the whole modification process. Research results obtained on a pump with an impeller diameter of 138 mm are presented. The change in diameter was monitored on a total of 3 impellers. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory of hydraulic machinery. The results were verified by CFD calculations.

Research background: The article concerns the modification of impellers of single blade pumps. The effects of diameter modifications on multi-blade pumps are currently known. However, these have symmetrical impellers and can therefore be changed without restriction. For asymmetric (single blade) impellers, the problem is more complex as additional mass must be added to provide static and dynamic balance.

Purpose of the article: The aim is to determine the nature of the change in performance parameters when the output diameter is changed. The results of the research can be applied in the prediction of the change in the operating point and the creation of tombstone charts.

Methods: Two kinds of methods were used in the research: experiment and CFD calculation. A total of 4 impeller sizes were investigated.

Findings & Value added: The results of the paper can be divided into two areas. In the experimental area, a device was designed to measure the characteristics of single blade pumps. Four impellers were manufactured and tested. In the area of CFD calculations, simulations of the hydraulic parameters around the best efficiency point (BEP) were performed. The calculation results were verified by experiment. The nature of the change of the BEP when the diameter of the impeller changes up to 87.9 % was found.
Reduction of Heating Consumption in the School Building During Distance Teaching
Authors: Urban František , Ridzoň František , Világi František , Mlynár Peter , Zelený Ladislav
Published: November 2022

Thermal comfort is one of the basic human needs. There are many options for transforming primary energy sources into heat and, in our countries today, into cold. The heat/cooling supply system needs to be optimised. The criterion is to minimise the final consumption of heat, primary energy sources and emissions, including CO2, while ensuring individual human thermal comfort.
Radial Force Loads on the Impeller of a Spiral Casing Pump – Comparison of Experiment and CFD Simulation
Authors: Bleho David , Olšiak Robert , Knížat Branislav , Tóth Peter
Published: November 2022

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming a widely used tool in the industrial fields. Experimental methods are expensive and time-consuming and CFD is a suitable substitute. In order to investigate the accuracy between the two methods, the radial force on a 6-bladed impeller was measured. The results reveal that the steady-steady analysis method fails, and higher accuracy is achieved using transient simulation. Fairly good accuracy is achieved when simulating the power parameters, where it is sufficient to use the steady-state method as well to save time. On the other hand, for force load detection, where the magnitude of the radial force varies with the position of the impeller, the transient method should be used. The distribution of the non-stationary radial force vectors is symmetric around the origin and lies mainly in 6 regions, which are the same as the number of impeller blades.
Analysis of the Efficiency of the Experimental Design of an OFF-GRID Photovoltaic System for Local Purposes of Electricity Generation
Authors: Šmajda Michal , Polivka Nikolas , Shmyhol Dmytro
Published: November 2022

Research background: Increasingly the implementation of vehicles with alternative propulsion such as battery or hydrogen vehicles there are higher demands on electricity production. The main factor affecting the environment such vehicles is mainly a source of electricity, which recharges the batteries of vehicles or hydrogen produced as fuel for fuel cells.

Purpose of the article: Presented analysis examines the effectiveness of the experimental design of a local OFF-GRID photovoltaic system intended to support of alternative automotive drives.

Methods: As a basis for determining the efficiency of the proposed device is the analysis of a run-in photovoltaic system is used installed in the same geographical conditions with data validation with database PV-GIS.

Findings and added value: From the analysis of the investigated design of the photovoltaic system shows that electricity production during the year it is directly dependent on the intensity of global radiation. The proposed solution makes it possible to partially cover the energy requirements in transport with active use RES.
Optimization of Air Flow in the Gasification Chamber of the Gasification Boiler Using the PIV Method
Authors: Patsch Marek , Pilát Peter
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the optimization of biomass combustion in a small heat source using the optimal distribution of combustion air. Uneven distribution of combustion air was observed during certification tests and in real operation of the used heat source and has an impact on uneven combustion of biomass in the gasification chamber, on increasing emissions and combustion losses. In the first phase of the research, optimization was carried out using CFD simulations, then a transparent model of a real heat source was created, on which the real distribution of combustion air in the gasification chamber was observed using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method. The results of CFD simulations and the PIV method led to the optimization of the cross-sectional profiles of the four supply channels for gasification air supply. CFD simulations and subsequent PIV measurements on the experimental device were carried out without real combustion, only the air flow in the empty gasification chamber was investigated. This approach was chosen in order to simplify calculations and experiments and on the assumption that with optimal distribution of combustion air in the empty chamber, there will be an optimal even during real combustion. The flow of primary air in the gasification chamber in real operation is influenced by the size and shape of the inserted biomass and its location in the chamber, and this influence is random and difficult to verify. After optimization, the distribution of the primary combustion air in the gasification chamber is uniform and the same amount of air flows into the chamber through the four combustion air inlets.
Perioperative Anaphylaxie – alte Zöpfe und Neues zu den Auslösern
Authors: Bayerl Christiane
Published: November 2022

Perioperative Anaphylaxien werden mit mindestens 1:6000 angegeben. Neue Kenntnisse der Pathophysiologie der anaphylaktischen Reaktionen beziehen die Auslösung über das Mastzell-related G-Protein und die Komplementaktivierungs-abhängige Pseudoallergie mit ein. Neu beschriebene Auslöser sind das Chlorhexidin oder Gelatine-Produkte, eingesetzt zur Blutstillung oder blaue Farbstoffe zur intraoperativen Markierung. Wachsamkeit ist in Hinblick auf biphasische Reaktionen geboten. Propofol darf mittlerweile bei Ei- und Sojaallergikern eingesetzt werden.
Minimally Invasive Ways to Monitor Changes in Cardiocirculatory
Fitness in Running-based Sports: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schimpchen Jan , Correia Paulo Freitas , Meyer Tim
Published: November 2022

This systematic review provides a synthesis of research investigating submaximal
protocols to monitor changes in cardiocirculatory fitness in running-based
sports. Following PRISMA guidelines, 2,452 records were identified and 14
studies, representing 515 athletes, satisfied the eligibility criteria. While
most studies found large associations between changes in heart rate at
standardized, submaximal running speeds and changes in aerobic fitness
(r=0.51–0.88), three studies failed to establish a relationship
(r=0.19–0.35). The intensity of the submaximal protocols seems
to be relevant, with changes in running speeds at 90% of maximal heart
rate showing larger relationships with changes in aerobic fitness
(r=0.52–0.79) compared to 70% of maximal heart rate
(r=0.24–0.52). Conversely, changes in post-exercise heart rate
variability were very largely associated with changes in aerobic fitness when
the testing protocols were less intense (70% of maximal heart rate)
(r=0.76–0.88), but not when the test required participants to
achieve 90% of their maximal heart rate
(r=−0.02–0.06). Studies on post-exercise heart rate
recovery revealed inconclusive results (r=−0.01–
−0.55), while rate of heart rate increase may be a promising athlete
monitoring metric (r=0.08– −0.84) but requires further
research. In summary, when executed, analyzed, and interpreted appropriately,
submaximal protocols can provide valuable information regarding changes in
athlete cardiocirculatory fitness.
Ambulantes Operieren in der Urologie aus der Sicht des BvDU: Was funktioniert gut, was gilt es zu verbessern?
Authors: König Bernd
Published: November 2022

Die Zahlen für das Ambulante Operieren in Deutschland stagnieren seit Jahrzehnten. Mit dem
AOP Vertrag § 115b SGB V NEU, gesetzlich verankert im MDK Reformgesetz, soll das Ambulante
Operieren in Deutschland zunehmen und sich den Zahlen im europäischen Vergleich annähern. Dazu
haben der Spitzenverband der Krankenkassen, die DKG e.V. und die KBV ein Gutachten bei IGES in
Auftrag gegeben. Dies liegt seit dem 01. April 2022 vor.
Expedient Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Cryptoconcatone H Exploiting Hidden Symmetry
Authors: Quinn Kevin J. , Ford Hannah G. , Hastry Emma C. , Choi Joshua B. , Terranova Christopher J.
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of the originally assigned structure of the styryl tetrahydropyranol-dihydropyranone natural product cryptoconcatone H from C
2-symmetric (±)-1,8-nonadiene-4,6-diol is reported. Desymmetrization by Mitsunobu reaction with crotonic acid established the requisite inter-ring stereochemical relationship and was followed by a highly diastereoselective Re2O7-catalyzed Prins cyclization with cinnamaldehyde to construct the 2,4,6-cis-tetrahydropyranol ring. Ring-closing metathesis resulted in formation of the dihydropyranone ring and completed the synthesis in three steps and 32% overall yield. The brevity of the synthesis is the result of the recognition of hidden, inter-ring symmetry in the target and the ensuing choice of an appropriately symmetric diol as our starting material.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatics, Amines, and Alcohols with Homogeneous Catalytic Systems
Authors: Xu Chen , Huang Zheng , Zhou Min-Jie , Liu Guixia
Published: November 2022

The dehydrogenation of saturated substrates is fundamentally essential for producing value-added unsaturated organic molecules both in academia and industry. In recent years, homogeneously catalyzed acceptorless C–C, C–N, and C–O bond desaturations have attracted increasing attention due to high atom economy, environmentally benign nature, and wide availability of the starting materials. This short review discusses the acceptorless dehydrogenation of aliphatics, alcohols, and amines by homogeneous catalytic systems based on two categories of reaction mechanisms: thermal transition-metal-catalyzed two-electron pathway and photoredox catalyzed or electrochemically driven one-electron pathway.

1 Introduction

2 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatics

3 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Amines

4 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols

5 Conclusion
Approach to Complex Upper Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Li Alexander Y. , Watt Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

The management of complex upper extremity trauma can be overwhelming in its urgency and complexity. Having a systematic approach that maintains a clear set of priorities focused on hand and upper extremity function, operative efficiency, and long-term planning for future operations allows the reconstructive extremity surgeon to effectively treat these complex injuries. This article addressed these overall clinical considerations and details the approach taken at the Buncke Clinic including replantation and revascularization as well as osseous and soft tissue reconstruction.
Exploring the impact of external collaboration on firm growth capability: the mediating roles of R&D efforts
Authors: Chen Shuting , Yu Dengke
Published: November 2022

In today’s business environment with high market turbulence, rapid technological change, and fierce competition, external collaboration and internal efforts in research and development (R&D) become equally important for firm growth. However, little is known about the effects of external collaboration on firm growth that generates along the path from outside to inside. Therefore, this study aims to explore the indirect effects of different types of external collaboration on firm growth capability via R&D efforts. It empirically analyzed a sample of 94 Chinese top-ranking innovative enterprises by applying hierarchical regression and mediation analysis. The results indicate that vertical collaboration, horizontal collaboration, and competitor collaboration are positively and directly related to the firm’s R&D intensity, R&D human capital, and firm growth capability. Furthermore, the firm’s R&D intensity and R&D human capital are positively and directly related to growth capability. The results of mediation analyses showed that R&D intensity mediated the relationship between external collaboration and firm growth capability. However, the results failed to support the mediating role of R&D human capital in the relationship between external collaboration and firm growth capability. This study enriches the literature on open innovation and organizational growth, and provides valuable insights for firm managers and policymakers.
Stimulating peripheral nerve regrowth to preserve muscle tissue
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2022

Fat stem cell treatment helps speed up nerve recovery after injury.
Density measurements for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) opacity platform
Authors: Opachich Y. P. , Heeter R. F. , Johns H. M. , Dodd E. S. , Kline J. L. , Krasheninnikova N. S. , Mayes D. C. , Montgomery M. H. , Winget D. E. , Urbatsch T. J. , Perry T. S.
Published: November 2022

The Opacity Platform on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been developed to measure opacities at varying densities and temperatures relevant to the solar interior and thermal cooling rates in white dwarf stars. The typical temperatures reached at NIF range between 150 and 210 eV, which allow these measurements to be performed experimentally. The captured opacities are crucial to validating radiation-hydrodynamic models that are used in astrophysics. The NIF opacity platform has a unique new capability that allows in situ measurement of the sample expansion. The sample expansion data are used to better understand the plasma conditions in our experiments by inferring the sample density throughout the duration of the laser drive. We present the details of the density measurement technique, data analysis, and recent results for Fe and MgO.
Design of the high-yield time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager for OMEGA
Authors: Ivancic S. T. , Theobald W. , Churnetski K. , Michalko M. , Willistein D. , Bittle W. A. , Regan S. P. , Carpenter A. , Trosseille C. , Kilkenny J. D. , Raymond A. , Hares J. D. , Dymoke-Bradshaw A. K. L. , Rochau G. , Garand D.
Published: November 2022

Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging of hot spots in inertial confinement fusion experiments along several lines of sight provides critical information on the pressure and the transient morphology of the hot spot on the University of Rochester’s OMEGA Laser System. At least three quasi-orthogonal lines of sight are required to infer the tomographic information of the hot spots of deuterium–tritium cryogenic layered implosions. OMEGA currently has two time-gated x-ray hot-spot imagers: the time-resolved Kirkpatrick–Baez x-ray microscope and the single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager (SLOS-TRXI). The time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager (XRHSI) is being developed for use on OMEGA as the third line of sight for the high-yield operation of up to 4 × 1014 neutrons. XRHSI follows the SLOS-TRXI concept; however, it will have improved spatial and temporal resolutions of 5 μm and 20 ps, respectively. The simultaneous operation of the three instruments will provide 3-D reconstructions of the assembled hot-spot fuel at various times through peak thermonuclear output. The technical approach consists of a pinhole array imager and demagnifying time-dilation drift tube that are coupled to two side-by-side hybrid complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (hCMOS) image sensors. To minimize the background and to harden the diagnostics, an angled drift-tube assembly shifting the hCMOS sensors out of the direct line of sight and neutron shielding will be applied. The technical design space for the instrument will be discussed and the conceptual design will be presented.
Conceptual design of a heavy ion beam probe for the QUEST spherical tokamak
Authors: Ido T. , Hasegawa M. , Ikezoe R. , Onchi T. , Hanada K. , Idei H. , Kuroda K. , Nagashima Y.
Published: November 2022

A heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) has been designed for the QUEST spherical tokamak to measure plasma turbulence and the profiles of electric potential profiles. Using a cesium ion beam with an energy of several 10 keV, the observable region covers most of the upper half of the plasma. Although the probe beam is deflected by the poloidal magnetic field produced by plasma current and poloidal coil currents, it can be detected under plasma current up to 150 kA by modifying the trajectories with two electrostatic sweepers. According to the numerical estimation of the intensity of the detected beam, sufficient signal intensity for measuring plasma turbulence can be obtained over almost the measurable area when the electron density is up to 1 × 1019 m−3, which is larger than the cut-off density of electron cyclotron heating in QUEST. The performance of the designed HIBP is sufficient to explore the mechanisms of heat and particle transport in magnetically confined plasmas, including the influence of plasma wall interactions, which is a goal of the QUEST project.
Crystal response measurement of the x-ray transmission crystals used by the Imaging Spectroscopy Snout at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Dozieres M. , Krauland C. M. , Stoupin S. , Ayers J. , Thompson N. , Castaneda J. , McCarville T. , Tabimina J. A. , Huckins J. , Beach M. , Rekow V. , Seely John , Schneider M. B.
Published: November 2022

The Imaging Spectroscopy Snout (ISS) used at the National Ignition Facility is able to simultaneously collect neutron pinhole images, 1D spatially resolved x-ray spectra, and time resolved x-ray pinhole images. To measure the x-ray spectra, the ISS can be equipped with up to four different transmission crystals, each offering different energy ranges from ∼7.5 to ∼12 keV and different resolutions. Characterizing and calibrating such instruments is of paramount importance in order to extract meaningful results from experiments. More specifically, we characterized different ISS transmission-type alpha-Quartz crystals by measuring their responses as a function of photon energy, from which we inferred the angle-integrated reflectivity for each crystal’s working reflections. These measurements were made at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory calibration station dedicated to the characterization of x-ray spectrometers. The sources used covered a wide x-ray range—from a few to 30 keV; the source diameter was ∼0.6 mm. The experimental results are discussed alongside theoretical calculations using the pyTTE model.
Slit-scanning Raman microscopy: Instrumentation and applications for molecular imaging of cell and tissue
Authors: Kumamoto Yasuaki , Li Menglu , Koike Kota , Fujita Katsumasa
Published: November 2022

In recent years, Raman microscopy has emerged as a molecular imaging tool for cell and tissue analysis. A key reason for this is the development of techniques that significantly increase imaging speed. In this Tutorial, we introduce slit-scanning Raman microscopy, a Raman imaging technique that achieves imaging speeds more than two orders of magnitude faster than conventional confocal Raman microscopy, and its application to cell and tissue imaging and analysis. Recent advances in Raman imaging, particularly further improvements in imaging speed, sensitivity, specificity, and spatial resolution, are also discussed. In addition, we present the prospects of Raman microscopy as a molecular imaging method to aid in new discoveries in life sciences and the potential of high-speed Raman imaging for clinical applications.
Multiparameter universal characters of B-type and integrable hierarchy
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Li Chuanzhong
Published: November 2022

We introduce the multiparameter universal characters of B-type (B-type universal character), which contain special factorial Schur Q-functions, classical Schur Q-functions, and classical B-type universal characters. Then, we prove that multiparameter B-type universal characters are solutions of the universal character hierarchy of B-type.
Effect of surface temperature on quantum dynamics of D2 on Cu(111) using a chemically accurate potential energy surface
Authors: Dutta Joy , Naskar Koushik , Adhikari Satrajit , Meyer Jörg , Somers Mark F.
Published: November 2022

The effect of surface mode vibrations on the reactive scattering of D2, initialized in the ground rovibrational state (v = 0, j = 0), from a Cu(111) surface is investigated for different surface temperature situations. We adopt a time and temperature dependent effective Hamiltonian [Dutta et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154, 104103 (2021)] constructed by combining the linearly coupled many oscillator model [Sahoo et al., J. Chem. Phys. 136, 084306 (2012)] and the static corrugation model [M. Wijzenbroek and M. F. Somers, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 054703 (2012)] potential within the mean-field approach. Such an effective Hamiltonian is employed for six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations to obtain temperature dependent reaction and state-to-state scattering probability profiles as a function of incidence energy of colliding D2 molecules. As reported in the experimental studies, the movements of surface atoms modify the dissociative scattering dynamics at higher surface temperature by exhibiting vibrational quantum and surface atoms’ recoil effects in the low and high collision energy domains, respectively. Finally, we compare our present theoretical results with the experimental and other theoretical outcomes, as well as discuss the novelty of our findings.
A continuous model of magnetic moment distribution in a system with bilinear and biquadratic coupling
Authors: Omelchenko Pavlo , Wadge Elliot , Lisik Juliana , Girt Erol , Heinrich Bret
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we present a continuous model as an analog to the discrete atomic model often used in the interpretation/analysis of magnetometry studies of magnetic structures with bilinear and/or biquadratic coupling. For a typical set of parameters, the continuous model is shown to be nearly indistinguishable from its discrete counterpart; validating it for data analysis purposes. Furthermore, we also find a very simple analytic expression which can approximately solve the continuous model and also provides insight into the behaviors of the magnetic moment within the magnetic structure. The main advantage of the continuous model is that numerically it can be solved as a boundary value problem, which can be significantly faster than the energy minimization required for the discrete model improving computational speed and allowing for much more rapid data analysis.
Analytical predictions of stable and unstable firings to chaos in a Hindmarsh–Rose neuron system
Authors: Xu Yeyin , Wu Ying
Published: November 2022

In this paper, analytical predictions of the firing cascades formed by stable and unstable firings in a Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) neuron system are completed via an implicit mapping method. The semi-analytical firing cascades present the route from periodic firings to chaos. For such cascades, the continuous firing flow of the nonlinear neuron system is discretized to form a special mapping structure for nonlinear firing activities. Stability and bifurcation analysis of the nonlinear firings are performed based on resultant eigenvalues of the global mapping structures. Stable and unstable firing solutions in the bifurcation tree exhibit clear period-doubling firing cascades toward chaos. Bifurcations are predicted accurately on the connections. Phase bifurcation trees are observed, which provide deep cognitions of neuronal firings. Harmonic dynamics of the period-doubling firing cascades are obtained and discussed for a better understanding of the contribution of the harmonics in frequency domains. The route into chaos is illustrated by the firing chains from period-1 to period-16 firings and verified by numerical solutions. The applied methods and obtained results provide new perspectives to the complex firing dynamics of the HR neuron system and present a potential strategy to regulate the firings of neurons.
Linear response theory for renewable fluctuations in power grids with transmission losses
Authors: Plietzsch Anton , Auer Sabine , Kurths Jürgen , Hellmann Frank
Published: November 2022

We study the spreading of renewable power fluctuations through grids with Ohmic losses on the lines. By formulating a network-adapted linear response theory, we find that vulnerability patterns are linked to the left Laplacian eigenvectors of the overdamped eigenmodes. We show that for tree-like networks, fluctuations are amplified in the opposite direction of the power flow. This novel mechanism explains vulnerability patterns that were observed in previous numerical simulations of renewable microgrids. While exact mathematical derivations are only possible for tree-like networks with a homogeneous response, we show that the mechanisms discovered also explain vulnerability patterns in realistic heterogeneous meshed grids by studying the IEEE RTS-1996 test system.
Coupled spreading between information and epidemics on multiplex networks with simplicial complexes
Authors: Fan Junfeng , Zhao Dawei , Xia Chengyi , Tanimoto Jun
Published: November 2022

The way of information diffusion among individuals can be quite complicated, and it is not only limited to one type of communication, but also impacted by multiple channels. Meanwhile, it is easier for an agent to accept an idea once the proportion of their friends who take it goes beyond a specific threshold. Furthermore, in social networks, some higher-order structures, such as simplicial complexes and hypergraph, can describe more abundant and realistic phenomena. Therefore, based on the classical multiplex network model coupling the infectious disease with its relevant information, we propose a novel epidemic model, in which the lower layer represents the physical contact network depicting the epidemic dissemination, while the upper layer stands for the online social network picturing the diffusion of information. In particular, the upper layer is generated by random simplicial complexes, among which the herd-like threshold model is adopted to characterize the information diffusion, and the unaware–aware–unaware model is also considered simultaneously. Using the microscopic Markov chain approach, we analyze the epidemic threshold of the proposed epidemic model and further check the results with numerous Monte Carlo simulations. It is discovered that the threshold model based on the random simplicial complexes network may still cause abrupt transitions on the epidemic threshold. It is also found that simplicial complexes may greatly influence the epidemic size at a steady state.
Geomimicry—Liberating high-pressure research by encapsulation
Authors: Mao Ho-Kwang , Mao Wendy L.
Published: November 2022

High pressures induce changes of properties and structures that could greatly impact materials science if such changes were preserved for ambient applications. Mimicking the geological process of diamond formation that the pressures and high-pressure phases in diamond inclusions can be preserved by the strong diamond envelope, we discuss the perspectives that such process revolutionizes high-pressure science and technology and opens a great potential for creation of functional materials with extremely favorable properties.
Robust air cavity generation on sacrificial microstructures for sustainable underwater drag reduction
Authors: Wang Zhaochang , Ji Jiawei , Guo Yuhang , Tao Tongtong , Hu Xidong , Zhu Yongqing , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Kun , Jiao Yunlong
Published: November 2022

Reducing fluid frictional drag at the solid–liquid interface is a promising strategy for improving the hydrodynamic properties of the structure in water, though so far it has remained unattainable without robust air cavities. Herein, we report a durable generation strategy of robust air cavity on the rough microstructured surface, which could achieve stable drag reduction even after 2000th water entry test. It is worth noting that the generation strategy is almost independent of the wear of surface microstructure, as the worn microstructures still keep a rough morphology and would alter the capillary driving force and prevent the spreading of the liquid film along the structure body. Therefore, the triple contact line is pinned at the solid–liquid interface and induces the generation of a complete air cavity. Comprehensive evaluation, including the mechanical and chemical stability tests, confirm that the microstructured spheres could produce robust cavities even after harsh destruction, and they also reduce the hydrodynamic drag by more than 70.8% at a higher Reynolds number of ∼4.9 × 104. Finally, the boundary slip at the solid–liquid interface of the microstructured surface is simulated, which concludes that the decrease in the contact angle at air–liquid interface and fraction of solid–liquid contact area on the wall would enhance the slip length of fluid, thus resulting in an obvious decreasing of frictional resistance at the solid–liquid interface. We believe that the present work provides a perspective on the sustainable construction of the robust cavity which may have important potential application value in the field of drag reduction.
A noradrenergic-hypothalamic neural substrate for stress-induced sleep disturbances
Authors: Antila Hanna , Kwak Iris , Choi Ashley , Pisciotti Alexa , Covarrubias Ivan , Baik Justin , Eisch Amelia , Beier Kevin , Thomas Steven , Weber Franz , Chung Shinjae
Published: November 2022

In our daily life, we are exposed to uncontrollable and stressful events that disrupt our sleep. However, the underlying neural mechanisms deteriorating the quality of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMs) and REM sleep are largely unknown. Here, we show in mice that acute psychosocial stress disrupts sleep by increasing brief arousals (microarousals [MAs]), reducing sleep spindles, and impairing infraslow oscillations in the spindle band of the electroencephalogram during NREMs, while reducing REMs. This poor sleep quality was reflected in an increased number of calcium transients in the activity of noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) during NREMs. Opto- and chemogenetic LC-NE activation in naïve mice is sufficient to change the sleep microarchitecture similar to stress. Conversely, chemogenetically inhibiting LC-NE neurons reduced MAs during NREMs and normalized their number after stress. Specifically inhibiting LC-NE neurons projecting to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) decreased MAs and enhanced spindles and REMs after stress. Optrode recordings revealed that stimulating LC-NE fibers in the POA indeed suppressed the spiking activity of POA neurons that are activated during sleep spindles and REMs and inactivated during MAs. Our findings reveal that changes in the dynamics of the stress-regulatory LC-NE neurons during sleep negatively affect sleep quality, partially through their interaction with the POA.
Causative constructions in Bodo-Garo
Authors: Brahma Aleendra
Published: November 2022

The Bodo-Garo group of languages consisting of Kāchārī or Bodo, Lālung (autonym Tiwa), Dīmā-sā, Gārō, Koch, Rābhā, Tipurā (autonym Kokborok), Chutiyā (autonym Deori) and Morān (Grierson 1903) are mainly spoken by about four million people in north-east India.1

BG exhibit systematic processes of formation of causative verbs through prefixation, suffixation and very rarely, infixation. Lexical causative verbs are also employed in these languages whereas periphrastic causatives are found in the form of verb stacking. This study aims at finding out the causative prefixes which co-occur with the root verbs to form their causative counterparts; categorizing the prefixes in terms of their occurrences with certain roots; and, analyzing the environments and linguistic conditioning of the occurrences of the prefixes. This study also discusses several syntactic and semantic features associated with causation.
Glottalic and pitch features in Chepang and Bhujel
Authors: Caughley Ross C.
Published: November 2022

This paper looks at two closely related Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal, Chepang and Bhujel, in relation to certain supra-segmental features they possess which are involved in the distinction of minimal pairs. Since these features include pitch and glottalisation, the possible phonemic analyses of these in terms of either a supra-segmental solution (tone) or a segmental one (glottal plosive) are discussed. Given the latter, a non-tonal analysis for the present state of these languages, and the possibilities of one or both of these becoming tonal languages in the future, are considered. Also, Chepang is unusual in possessing a whistled form of speech and the relation of this to the spoken language is described. These features are exemplified in the Appendices by waveforms, fundamental frequency (F0) contours and spectrogram illustrations, and also by sound files.
Multivaried acceptance of post-editing in China
Authors: Zheng Jianwei , Fan Wenjun
Published: November 2022

Neural machine translation (NMT), proven to be productively and qualitatively competitive, creates great
challenges and opportunities for stakeholders in both the market and the education contexts. This paper explores how
English-Chinese NMT post-editing (PE) is accepted in China from the perspectives of attitude, practice, and training, based on an
integrative digital survey with role-specific popup questions for translators and clients in the market setting, and for
translation teachers and students in the education setting. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses of the survey data
suggest Chinese stakeholders’ generally moderate view of PE, with outsiders like clients being more optimistic about PE than are
insiders like translators. In the market setting, most translators use PE to different degrees in translating primarily
informative texts; here, affiliated translators report a more frequent usage, and employ more sophisticated tools than do
part-time or freelance translators. Whereas translators, on the whole, fail to notify clients of their own PE usage, or to charge
clients for PE and human translation (HT) differently, most clients express their willingness to accept high-quality PE output for
the sake of saving cost and time. In the education setting, despite students’ concealed usage of PE to do HT assignments to
varying degrees, and their wish to learn PE out of concern for their future career, PE is generally not taught in translation
classrooms of Chinese universities in the form of teaching PE as a course or integrating PE content into traditional translation
course.
Effect of tempering temperature on the wear behaviour of martensitic ductile iron
Authors: Bai Jiaojiao , Xu Haifeng , Chen Xingpin , Cao Wenquan , Zhang Xiaodan , Xu Yang
Published: November 2022

Ductile cast irons (DCIs) with different microstructures have been widely investigated and applied. The present work aims to illustrate the effect of different tempering temperatures (150–600°C) on the wear behaviour of martensitic ductile cast iron. The results indicate that the wear rate increases with tempering temperatures above 300°C. The lowest wear rate is found after tempering at 150–300°C, where the smearing of graphite forms a solid lubricating film and maybe an oxide layer on the wear surfaces during the sliding process. With further increases in the tempering temperature, the main wear mechanism changes from abrasive wear to adhesive wear. It shows that martensitic ductile cast iron can be used as a self-lubricated bearing material in the future.
Tunable Thermal Conductivity of Ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofibers via Molecular Bond Modulation
Authors: Dong Lan , Liu Bohai , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Xiangfan
Published: November 2022

Dipoles in ferroelectric copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) can be driven by electric field, introducing phonon transport modulations via polarizing molecular chains. The thermal conductivity in single 75/25 P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers is found to increase with electric field related phonon renormalization, resulted from change in vibrational assignment excited by polarization process. This is evidenced by a direct change of bond energy and bond length in 75/25 P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers from Raman characterization under polarization electric field. The experimental results provide further intuitive evidences that the size of ferroelectric polymers could directly affect the ferroelectricity from the size-dependent thermal transport measurement.
A dC/dV Measurement for Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ma Jingrui , Tang Haodong , Qu Xiangwei , Xiang Guohong , Jia Siqi , Liu Pai , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: November 2022

We present dC/dV analysis based on the capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurement of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), and find that some key device operating parameters (electrical and optical turn-on voltage, peak capacitance, maximum efficiency) can be directly related to the turning points and maximum/minimum of the dC/dV (versus voltage) curve. By the dC/dV study, the behaviors such as low turn-on voltage, simultaneous electrical and optical turn-on process, and carrier accumulation during the device aging can be well explained. Moreover, we perform the C–V and dC/dV measurement of aged devices, and confirm that our dC/dV analysis is correct for them. Thus, our dC/dV analysis method can be applied universally for QLED devices. It provides an in-depth understanding of carrier dynamics in QLEDs through simple C–V measurement.
Alpha decay of thermally excited nuclei
Authors: Perez Velasquez J E , Caballero O L , Kelkar N G
Published: November 2022

One of the prominent decay modes of heavy nuclei which are produced in astrophysical environments at temperatures of the order of 109 K is the α (4He) decay. Thermally enhanced α decay rates are evaluated within the standard scheme of a tunneling decay where the α particle tunnels through the potential barrier formed by its interaction with the daughter nucleus. Following the observation that there exists several excited levels with the possibility of an α decay when the daughter nucleus is at a shell closure, we focus in particular on decays producing daughter nuclei with the neutron number, N = 126. Within a statistical approach we find that the half-lives, t
1/2(T), for temperatures ranging from T = 0 to 2.4 GK can decrease by 1–2 orders of magnitude with the exception of the decay of 212Po which decays to the doubly magic daughter 208Pb, where t
1/2(T) decreases by 5 orders of magnitude. The effect of these thermally enhanced α decays on the r-process nucleosynthesis can be significant in view of the mass build-up at the waiting point nuclei with closed neutron shells.
Identification of engine faults based on acoustic emission signals using a 1DCNN-ViT ensemble model
Authors: Wang Shuo , Liu Tong , Luo Kaiyuan , Yang Guoan
Published: November 2022

In view of the complexity of the engine mechanical structure and the diversity of faults, this paper presents a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN)-vision transformer (ViT) ensemble model for identifying engine faults based on acoustic emission (AE) signals. The 1DCNN-ViT ensemble model combines 1DCNN and ViT. Firstly, AE signals of various faults are collected on the engine fault test rig. The dataset is constructed from its High-Mel Filterbank feature, which applies to AE signals. The proposed model has advantageous performance on this dataset. Secondly, the proposed model has a higher test accuracy than other new models. Finally, the fault data with different signal-to-noise ratios are input into the trained models, and the proposed model has better anti-noise performance. Overall, the proposed method can more accurately identify the AE signals of engine faults. It can be used as an effective method to diagnose engine faults.
Design of a compact adjustable laser sheet optical assembly
Authors: Lee Jongwon , Lee Hoonsang , Hwang Wontae
Published: November 2022

This study proposes a simple compact construction of optical components to create a variable focus laser sheet for laboratory particle image velocimetry (PIV) setups. The apparatus consists of only a few inexpensive optical elements, yet generates a light sheet that is adequate for typical PIV experiments. The performance of the apparatus is assessed by measuring laser sheet profiles at different locations. The thickness of the laser sheet is on the order of 100–700 µm and the waist location can be estimated fairly accurately using a theoretical formula. The new apparatus generates images that are on par with those from a commercial sheet optics assembly, resulting in similar PIV measurements of a turbulent flow.
Recent advances in bismuth oxyhalides photocatalysts and their applications
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Chen Pengyue , Yang Siming , Gao Hongwen
Published: November 2022

Bismuth oxyhalides photocatalysts exhibit great potential to solve the energy and environmental issues under visible light due to their unique physicochemical and optical properties. However, the photocatalytic activity of pristine bismuth oxyhalides remains unsatisfactory because of their inherent drawbacks. Up to now, many strategies have been used to improve the photocatalytic performance. In this review, the basic mechanism, unique properties and structure of bismuth oxyhalides photocatalysts have been introduced, and the common techniques of synthesis, modification, and main applications have been discussed. Finally, new insights are proposed to meet the future challenges and development of the photocatalysts, which can provide better knowledge for the advancement of the related research areas.
The soliton solutions and combined solutions of a high-dimensional wave soliton equation
Authors: Wang Shaofu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a high-dimensional wave soliton equation is considered and the simple Hirota method and bilinear backlund transformation are applied to construct the new soliton solutions, lump soliton solutions, breather solutions and their combined solutions. Then, through long-wave limit method and appropriate parameter constraints, one-soliton, one-breather, combined soliton-lump and lump-breather and soliton-breather solutions to nonlinear wave equation are obtained. Moreover, the physical interaction and frontal collision phenomena to the solutions of this equation are explored. In addition, a kind of hyperbolic and trigonometric ansatz is employed to derive other solutions such as kink soliton solution, periodic solutions for the high-dimensional wave equation.The obtained results verify the proposed solutions.