bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copeptin in patients with acute myocardial infarction and newly detected glucose abnormalities – A marker of increased stress susceptibility? A report from the Glucose in Acute Myocardial Infarction cohort
Authors: Smaradottir Maria Isabel , Ritsinger Viveca , Gyberg Viveca , Norhammar Anna , Näsman Per , Mellbin Linda G
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To characterize copeptin levels and to explore its prognostic importance in patients with acute myocardial infarction with newly detected glucose abnormalities.

Methods:

Copeptin was measured in 166 patients with acute myocardial infarction without known diabetes and in 168 age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were classified as having normal glucose tolerance or abnormal glucose tolerance (impaired glucose tolerance + type 2 diabetes mellitus) by oral glucose tolerance test. Study participants were followed over a decade for major cardiovascular event (acute myocardial infarction/stroke/congestive heart failure/cardiovascular death), cardiovascular and total death.

Results:

Median copeptin level was higher in patients (10.5 pmol/L) than controls (5.9 pmol/L; p < 0.01). Patients with abnormal glucose tolerance had higher copeptin (12.2 pmol/L) than those with normal glucose tolerance (7.9 pmol/L; p < 0.01) but levels of copeptin did not differ in controls with abnormal glucose tolerance or normal glucose tolerance. Copeptin predicted major cardiovascular events [ n = 64; hazard ratio = 1.15 (1.01–1.32; p = 0.04)], cardiovascular mortality [ n = 29; hazard ratio = 1.24 (1.06–1.46; p = 0.01)] and total death [ n = 51; hazard ratio = 1.21 (1.05–1.40; p = 0.01)] in unadjusted Cox regression analyses in the patient cohort. In controls, copeptin predicted major cardiovascular events [ n = 26; hazard ratio = 1.17 (1.01–1.36; p = 0.03)].

Conclusion:

Copeptin levels are highest among acute myocardial infarction patients with glucose disturbances and predict an adverse prognosis in unadjusted analyses. These findings imply that raised copeptin reflects stress rather than acting as a pathogenic factor for glucose abnormalities.
Using Social Network Analysis as a Method to Assess and Strengthen Participation in Health Promotion Programs in Vulnerable Areas
Authors: Hindhede Anette Lykke , Aagaard-Hansen Jens
Published: January 2017

This article provides an example of the application of social network analysis method to assess community participation thereby strengthening planning and implementation of health promotion programming. Community health promotion often takes the form of services that reach out to or are located within communities. The concept of community reflects the idea that people’s behavior and well-being are influenced by interaction with others, and here, health promotion requires participation and local leadership to facilitate transmission and uptake of interventions for the overall community to achieve social change. However, considerable uncertainty exists over exact levels of participation in these interventions. The article draws on a mixed methods research within a community development project in a vulnerable neighborhood of a town in Denmark. It presents a detailed analysis of the way in which social network analysis can be used as a tool to display participation and nonparticipation in community development and health promotion activities, to help identify capacities and assets, mobilize resources, and finally to evaluate the achievements. The article concludes that identification of interpersonal ties among people who know one another well as well as more tenuous relationships in networks can be used by community development workers to foster greater cohesion and cooperation within an area.
Mechanical Recanalization for Acute Embolic Occlusion at the Origin of the Superior Mesenteric Artery
Authors: Miura Yoichi , Araki Tomohiro , Terashima Mio , Tsuboi Junya , Saito Yasuhiro , Kanamaru Kenji , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

We report a combined technique consisting of thrombectomy and thromboaspiration for the treatment of acute embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) at the origin.

Case:

A 90-year-old female with chronic atrial fibrillation had a sudden onset of abdominal pain and hematochezia due to acute embolic occlusion at the origin of the SMA. Computed tomographic findings showed reversible bowel wall ischemia. We performed mechanical thrombectomy using the Solitaire FR revascularization device, a self-expanding and fully retrievable stent-based thrombectomy system for acute intracranial large artery occlusion, combined with manual aspiration through a 6F guiding sheath placed at the SMA origin via a right brachial approach. Prompt and complete recanalization of the SMA was obtained without distal embolism, and intestinal necrosis was avoided.

Conclusion:

Combined endovascular procedures of mechanical thrombectomy using the Solitaire FR with thromboaspiration may allow prompt recanalization, clot removal, and prevention of distal embolism and therefore would be a new therapy for acute embolic occlusion at the origin of the SMA.
A Systematic Review of Paraprofessional-Delivered Educational Practices to Improve Outcomes for Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Brock Matthew E. , Carter Erik W.
Published: January 2017

The involvement ofparaprofessionals in the education of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has been both complex and controversial. Many scholars and advocates have raised concerns about the roles these staff members play in schools and the degree to which there is empirical support for their direct work with students. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to address two primary questions: To what extent have paraprofessional-implemented educational practices been shown to improve outcomes for elementary and secondary students with IDD, and what professional development strategies enable paraprofessionals to implement these strategies with fidelity? These studies indicate paraprofessionals, when given adequate training, are capable of effectively implementing a number of educational practices that result in improved academic and social outcomes, specifically, teaching communication skills, reducing problem behaviors, and increasing independence for students with IDD. Follow-up training and support, modeling, and performance feedback were prominent training components across most studies in this review and are validated in the broader research literature. However, limitations leave many questions unanswered about how to best train and support paraprofessionals. We discuss recommendations for preparing paraprofessionals who work with students with IDD, as well as future directions for research.
Safety or Control?: Workplace Organization and Occupational Health
Authors: Treiber Linda A.
Published: January 2017

Using labor process theory and epidemiologic models as a framework, this study analyzed relationships between task exposures, worker labor process control, perceived safety climate, and three dependent measures of adverse occupational health: workplace injury, exhaustion, and health status among a national sample of employed adults (n = 1,607). Multivariate analyses confirmed that task demands of heavy labor were associated with workplace injury above baseline individual and job characteristics. Consistent with previous research, results indicated worker control was associated with increased health. Reliable co-workers were associated with less exhaustion, and working fast was associated with greater exhaustion. My results implied that increased safety climate was associated with fewer injuries, less exhaustion, and increased health. Safety climate did not account for associations between task exposures, labor process control, and work place injury or exhaustion. Results suggested that part of the influence between labor process control and health status occurs through improvement in safety climate.
The Effect of Surgical Insertion and Proinflammatory Cytokines on Osteochondral Allograft Survival and Metabolism
Authors: Gitelis Samantha L. , Bodker Ariel , Laurent Michel P. , Kirk Spencer S. , Filardo Giuseppe , Meyer Maximilian A. , Hakimiyan Arnavaz A. , Rappoport Lev , Wimmer Markus A. , Cole Brian J. , Chubinskaya Susan
Published: January 2017

Objective

To investigate the responses of refrigerated osteochondral allograft cartilage (OCA) and fresh cartilage (FC), including cell survival and metabolism, to surgical impaction and proinflammatory cytokines.

Design

Osteochondral plugs (8 mm diameter) were harvested from prolonged-refrigerated (14-28 days) and fresh (≤24 hours postmortem) human femoral hemicondyles and subjected to a 0.2 N s pneumatic impaction impulse. Cartilage explants were removed from subchondral bone and randomized to 1 of 6 treatment groups: (1) Unimpacted control (UIC), (2) Impacted control (IC), (3) Impacted + interleukin (IL)-1β (0.1 ng/mL), (4) Impacted + IL-1β (0.1 ng/mL) + IL-6, (5) Impacted + IL-1β (10 ng/mL), and (6) Impacted + IL-1β (10 ng/mL) + IL-6. Samples were measured for cell viability, histology, and proteoglycan (PG) content at days 0, 2, 7, and 14 of culture.

Results

In UIC, cell viability was indistinguishable between OCA and FC and remained constant. Impaction alone decreased cell viability by 30% ( P < 0.01) in the OCA superficial layer and by 26% ( P < 0.01) in the entire tissue, but did not affect viability in FC. Cytokine addition did not further influence cell viability. Impaction alone did not affect PG synthesis. Addition of cytokines to impacted tissue decreased PG synthesis by ~3-fold in both tissue types in comparison with corresponding impacted controls ( P < 0.01). Throughout 2-week culture, PG release remained stable in all FC groups, but peaked at day 14 in OCA cartilage subjected to cytokines.

Conclusions

Mechanical impaction, mimicking surgical insertion, has a more profound effect on cell viability in OCA than in FC. Addition of proinflammatory cytokines further decreases OCA tissue metabolism and integrity.
Health Promotion Potential of Vegetables Cultivated in Northern Thailand: A Preliminary Screening of Tannin and Flavonoid Contents, 5α-Reductase Inhibition, Astringent Activity, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Kumar Naphatsorn , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: January 2017

Many of scientific evidences suggest that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables can prevent chronic diseases. In Northern Thailand, there are many vegetables that are usually consumed by local people. In this study, 17 local vegetables were selected and extracted with 95% ethanol. The extracts were screened for 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, total tannin and flavonoid contents, astringent and antioxidant activities. The results showed that Spondias pinnata and Ocimum americanum had the highest tannin and flavonoid content, respectively. Neptunia oleracea was the most potent 5α-reductase inhibitor. For antioxidant activities, S pinnata was the most potent ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenger and the most potent ferric reducer. Polygonatum odoratum was the most potent hydrogen peroxide scavenger and Leucaena leucocephala was the most potent DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenger among the tested samples. This suggests that local vegetables in Northern Thailand have a health promotion potential, which can be further developed as nutritional supplements, preventive medicines, and topical products for cosmetic purposes.
A Guide to Addressing Multiple Priorities in Core Content Instruction for Students With Severe Disabilities
Authors: Root Jenny R. , Knight Victoria F. , Mims Pamela J.
Published: January 2017

Instruction in academic core content provides students with moderate to severe disabilities a full educational opportunity that promotes current and future options in the community and can complement acquisition of daily living skills. However, high school teachers face many challenges in balancing instructional priorities given the mission to ensure all students are college and career ready. This article describes methods for designing instruction that is relevant, meaningful, and addresses multiple priorities during academic core content instruction for high school students with moderate to severe disabilities.
The reliability of Cavalier’s principle of stereological method in determining volumes of enchondromas using the computerized tomography tools
Authors: Acar Nihat , Karakasli Ahmet , Karaarslan Ahmet , Mas Nermin NG , Hapa Onur
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Volumetric measurements of benign tumors enable surgeons to trace volume changes during follow-up periods. For a volumetric measurement technique to be applicable, it should be easy, rapid, and inexpensive and should carry a high interobserver reliability. We aimed to assess the interobserver reliability of a volumetric measurement technique using the Cavalier’s principle of stereological methods.

Materials and methods:

The computerized tomography (CT) of 15 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of enchondroma with variant tumor sizes and localizations was retrospectively reviewed for interobserver reliability evaluation of the volumetric stereological measurement with the Cavalier’s principle, V = t × [((SU) × d) /SL]2 × Σ P.

Results:

The volumes of the 15 tumors collected by the observers are demonstrated in Table 1. There was no statistical significance between the first and second observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.970) and between the first and third observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.981). No statistical significance was detected between the second and third observers ( p = 0.000 and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.976).

Conclusion:

The Cavalier’s principle with the stereological technique using the CT scans is an easy, rapid, and inexpensive technique in volumetric evaluation of enchondromas with a trustable interobserver reliability.
LGL leukemia: from pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Lamy Thierry , Moignet Aline , Loughran Thomas P.
Published: January 2017

Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia has been recognized by the World Health Organization classifications amongst mature T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms. There are 3 categories: chronic T-cell leukemia and NK-cell lymphocytosis, which are similarly indolent diseases characterized by cytopenias and autoimmune conditions as opposed to aggressive NK-cell LGL leukemia. Clonal LGL expansion arise from chronic antigenic stimulation, which promotes dysregulation of apoptosis, mainly due to constitutive activation of survival pathways including Jak/Stat, MapK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–Akt, Ras–Raf-1, MEK1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, sphingolipid, and nuclear factor-κB. Socs3 downregulation may also contribute to Stat3 activation. Interleukin 15 plays a key role in activation of leukemic LGL. Several somatic mutations including Stat3, Stat5b, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 have been demonstrated recently in LGL leukemia. Because these mutations are present in less than half of the patients, they cannot completely explain LGL leukemogenesis. A better mechanistic understanding of leukemic LGL survival will allow future consideration of a more targeted therapeutic approach than the current practice of immunosuppressive therapy.
Ex vivo drug response profiling detects recurrent sensitivity patterns in drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Frismantas Viktoras , Dobay Maria Pamela , Rinaldi Anna , Tchinda Joelle , Dunn Samuel H. , Kunz Joachim , Richter-Pechanska Paulina , Marovca Blerim , Pail Orrin , Jenni Silvia , Diaz-Flores Ernesto , Chang Bill H. , Brown Timothy J. , Collins Robert H. , Uhrig Sebastian , Balasubramanian Gnana P. , Bandapalli Obul R. , Higi Salome , Eugster Sabrina , Voegeli Pamela , Delorenzi Mauro , Cario Gunnar , Loh Mignon L. , Schrappe Martin , Stanulla Martin , Kulozik Andreas E. , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Saha Vaskar , Irving Julie A. , Meisel Roland , Radimerski Thomas , Von Stackelberg Arend , Eckert Cornelia , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Horvath Peter , Bornhauser Beat C. , Bourquin Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Ex vivo drug profiling captures disease-relevant features and relevant sensitivity to therapeutic agents in ALL. A subset of drug-resistant T-ALL without mutations in ABL1 is highly responsive to dasatinib, which provides a rationale for drug repurposing.
Elastic internal multiple analysis and attenuation using Marchenko and interferometric methods
Authors: da Costa Filho Carlos Alberto , Meles Giovanni Angelo , Curtis Andrew
Published: January 2017

Conventional seismic processing aims to create data that contain only primary reflections, whereas real seismic recordings also contain multiples. As such, it is desirable to predict, identify, and attenuate multiples in seismic data. This task is more difficult in elastic (solid) media because mode conversions create families of internal multiples not present in the acoustic case. We have developed a method to predict prestack internal multiples in general elastic media based on the Marchenko method and convolutional interferometry. It can be used to identify multiples directly in prestack data or migrated sections, as well as to attenuate internal multiples by adaptively subtracting them from the original data set. We developed the method on two synthetic data sets, the first composed of horizontal density layers and constant velocities, and the second containing horizontal and vertical density and velocity variations. The full-elastic method is computationally expensive and ideally uses data components that are not usually recorded. We therefore tested an acoustic approximation to the method on the synthetic elastic data from the second model and find that although the spatial resolution of the resulting image is reduced by this approximation, it provides images with relatively fewer artifacts. We conclude that in most cases where cost is a factor and we are willing to sacrifice some resolution, it may be sufficient to apply the acoustic version of this demultiple method.
3D generalized nonhyperboloidal moveout approximation
Authors: Sripanich Yanadet , Fomel Sergey , Stovas Alexey , Hao Qi
Published: January 2017

Moveout approximations are commonly used in velocity analysis and time-domain seismic imaging. We revisit the previously proposed generalized nonhyperbolic moveout approximation and develop its extension to the 3D multiazimuth case. The advantages of the generalized moveout approximation are its high accuracy and its ability to reduce to several other known approximations with particular choices of parameters. The proposed 3D functional form involves 17 independent parameters instead of five as in the 2D case. These parameters can be defined by zero-offset traveltime attributes and four additional far-offset rays. In our tests, the proposed approximation achieves significantly higher accuracy than previously proposed 3D approximations.
Deconvolutive Radon transform
Authors: Gholami Ali
Published: January 2017

The Radon transform (RT) plays an important role in seismic data processing for its ability to focus seismic events in the transform domain. The band-limited nature of seismic events due to the blurring effects of the source wavelet, however, causes a decrease in the temporal resolution of the transform. We have developed the deconvolutive RT (DecRT) as a generalization of conventional RT and to increase the temporal resolution. Unlike the conventional counterpart, the new basis functions can take an arbitrary shape in the time direction. This method is thus proposed to adaptively infer the temporal wave shape from the input data while finding a sparse representation of it. The new transform significantly improves the sparsity and thus the temporal resolution of the resulting seismic data. The applicability of the hyperbolic DecRT in seismic data processing is demonstrated for random noise attenuation, primary and multiple separation, high-quality stacking, and automatic velocity model building. The results obtained on synthetic and field data sets confirm the effectiveness of the method in improving the time and slowness/curvature resolutions compared with conventional transforms, which leads to improved seismic processing results in the deconvolutive Radon domains.
Defining the dynamin-based ring organizing center on the peroxisome-dividing machinery isolated from Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Imoto Yuuta , Abe Yuichi , Okumoto Kanji , Honsho Masanori , Kuroiwa Haruko , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi , Fujiki Yukio
Published: January 2017

Organelle division is executed through contraction of a ring-shaped supramolecular dividing machinery. A core component of the machinery is the dynamin-based ring conserved during the division of mitochondrion, plastid and peroxisome. Here, using isolated peroxisome-dividing (POD) machinery from a unicellular red algae, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we identified a dynamin-based ring organizing center (DOC) that acts as an initiation point for formation of the dynamin-based ring. C. merolae contains a single peroxisome, the division of which can be highly synchronized by light–dark stimulation; thus, intact POD machinery can be isolated in bulk. Dynamin-based ring homeostasis is maintained by the turnover of the GTP-bound form of the dynamin-related protein Dnm1 between the cytosol and division machinery via the DOC. A single DOC is formed on the POD machinery with a diameter of 500–700 nm, and the dynamin-based ring is unidirectionally elongated from the DOC in a manner that is dependent on GTP concentration. During the later step of membrane fission, the second DOC is formed and constructs the double dynamin-based ring to make the machinery thicker. These findings provide new insights to define fundamental mechanisms underlying the dynamin-based membrane fission in eukaryotic cells.
Quality metrics currently used in academic radiology departments: results of the QUALMET survey
Authors: Walker Eric A , Petscavage-Thomas Jonelle M , Fotos Joseph S , Bruno Michael A
Published: January 2017

Objective:

We present the results of the 2015 quality metrics (QUALMET) survey, which was designed to assess the commonalities and variability of selected quality and productivity metrics currently employed by a large sample of academic radiology departments representing all regions in the USA.

Methods:

The survey of key radiology metrics was distributed in March–April of 2015 via personal e-mail to 112 academic radiology departments.

Results:

There was a 34.8% institutional response rate. We found that most academic departments of radiology commonly utilize metrics of hand hygiene, report turn around time (RTAT), relative value unit (RVU) productivity, patient satisfaction and participation in peer review. RTAT targets were found to vary widely. The implementation of radiology peer review and the variety of ways in which peer review results are used within academic radiology departments, the use of clinical decision support tools and requirements for radiologist participation in Maintenance of Certification also varied. Policies for hand hygiene and critical results communication were very similar across all institutions reporting, and most departments utilized some form of missed case/difficult case conference as part of their quality and safety programme, as well as some form of periodic radiologist performance reviews.

Conclusion:

Results of the QUALMET survey suggest many similarities in tracking and utilization of the selected quality and productivity metrics included in our survey. Use of quality indicators is not a fully standardized process among academic radiology departments.

Advances in knowledge:

This article examines the current quality and productivity metrics in academic radiology.
The benefits of youth are lost on the young cardiac arrest patient
Authors: Griffith Brian , Kochanek Patrick , Dezfulian Cameron
Published: January 2017

Children and young adults tend to have reduced mortality and disability after acquired brain injuries such as trauma or stroke and across other disease processes seen in critical care medicine. However, after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), outcomes are remarkably similar across age groups. The consistent lack of witnessed arrests and a high incidence of asphyxial or respiratory etiology arrests among pediatric and young adult patients with OHCA account for a substantial portion of the difference in outcomes. Additionally, in younger children, differences in pre-hospital response and the activation of developmental apoptosis may explain more severe outcomes after OHCA. These require us to consider whether present practices are in line with the science. The present recommendations for compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation in young adults, normothermia as opposed to hypothermia (33°C) after asphyxial arrests, and paramedic training are considered within this review in light of existing evidence. Modifications in present standards of care may help restore the benefits of youth after brain injury to the young survivor of OHCA.
Occupational Standards in Russia: Point of No Return Is Crossed
Authors: Лебедев  , Lebedev V.
Published: January 2017

The article considers the stages of development of human resources policy, carried out the analysis of the amendments made to the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, of the professional standards; considers the main provisions of the federal laws “On the independent evaluation of the qualification”, “On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in connection with adoption of the Federal Law” On the independent evaluation of the qualification”, “On Making Amendments to the Labor Code of Russian Federation in connection with adoption of the Federal law “On the independent evaluation of the qualification”, that shall enter into force on 1 January 2017. The author offers to specify the legislator proposed initiatives, in particular on the organizational and legal forms and requirements to the personal composition of the evaluation centers.
On the Project «Polytechnic School» Realization in the Framework of Professional Educational Institutions
Authors: Романченко  , Romanchenko M.
Published: January 2017

The article presents the experience of educational institutions on the project “Polytechnic school” that developed into the creation of multilevel

continuous professional education for the training of workers and specialists. The author shares the experience of the formation of the education cluster.

The article considers the types of cooperation with educational institutions of Russia. The analysis of optimization of human resources of the educational

institution is carried out. The proposed conclusions provide the possibility of transferring the experience gained by the author in the practical work of

other professionals.
Method for Assessment of Risk of Auto-Roads’ Functionality Loss in Territories of Long-Term (Eternal) Permafrost in Connection with Projected Climatic Changes
Authors: Трофименко  , Trofimenko Yuri , Якубович  , Yakubovich A.
Published: January 2017

The risk of auto-roads’ functionality loss in the territories of the long-term (eternal) permafrost in connection with predicted climatic changes is estimated on road structure’s reliability value with use of the existing regulating legal documents. The quantitative risk assessment of functionality loss has been carried out by methods of probabilistic and statistical simulation for the main auto-roads in permafrost zone. It has been shown that in the climatic conditions typical for Russia’s cryolithic zone, increase in air temperature by 1 degree causes an essential increase of risk for an auto-road’s functionality loss. Temperature regime’s contrast change is the second significant factor influencing the risk.
The Use of Filter Layers with a Disjointed Structure for Cleaning of Dust and Gas Flaws in Industries with Combustible Dust
Authors: Пинаев  , Pinaev M. , Романюк  , Romanyuk E. , Каргашилов  , Kargashilov D.
Published: January 2017

The article considers the closed dust gas cleaning system after drying in the production of polyethylene under pressure. Pellets of polyethylene are used as a filter material in double layer filter and it allows to return filter materials as a raw in production. The developed scheme of double layer filter with a regeneration system is presented in the article. The authors propose regression equations allowing to predict the efficiency of dust collection for the present design.
Perception of safety and physical activity in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Caputo Eduardo , Rombaldi Airton , Medeiros Tanísia , Silva Marcelo
Published: January 2017

The process of urbanization observed in recent decades has brought with it some consequences for the quality of life and change in the profile of diseases, which are related to higher rates of physical inactivity. The lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) is currently being considered as a risk factor for diseases and comorbidities, especially in adult populations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to systematically review the scientific findings in the literature on the practice of physical activity among adults and its relation to the perception of security in urban centers, published between 2005 and 2014. The search process was conducted using the PubMed, MedLine and LILACS databases, and the reference lists of selected articles used the following key words: "physical activity", "violence" and "safety". Initially, 303 articles related to the subject under study were found. However, after analyses and the establishment of inclusion criteria, 13 articles were included in this review. It was concluded that the reduction in crime and improvement in traffic and in the environment for walking are key factors to perceive safety in a district. Despite the evidence showing that traffic safety, adequate lighting and improvements in the aesthetics of districts contribute to the perception of safety, the results are yet inconclusive.
Efeitos do treinamento em meio aquático no consumo de oxigênio máximo de idosos: revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados
Authors: Schoenell Maira , Bgeginski Roberta , Kruel Luiz
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do presente estudo foi conduzir uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados para avaliar o efeito do treinamento em meio aquático no consumo de oxigênio máximo (VO2máx) de idosos. Os estudos elegíveis foram identificados a partir das bases de dados MEDLINE, PEDro, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), Scopus e SportDiscus até o dia 23 de agosto de 2016. Os dados foram extraídos de estudos randomizados que incluíram idosos (maior ou igual a 60 anos) e que compararam treinamento no meio aquático, na posição vertical, com o grupo controle que não realizou treinamento ou realizou treinamento em meio terrestre. A metanálise foi conduzida utilizando as diferenças entre as médias dos valores pós-intervenção dos grupos controle e experimental com o modelo de efeitos randômicos e a heterogeneidade estatística foi avaliada pelo teste Q de Cochran e inconsistência (I2). De um total de 2200 artigos, sete ensaios clínicos randomizados foram incluídos com 227 sujeitos. Os resultados do desfecho principal indicaram um efeito significativo do VO2máx a favor do exercício no meio aquático em comparação ao grupo controle (95%IC: 7,04 (3,29; 10,79); I2 98%; p<0,05). A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que a hidroginástica é um exercício efetivo para a melhora do condicionamento cardiorrespiratório e pode ser indicada como uma forma de melhorar a capacidade aeróbia de idosos.
Comparação do equilíbrio e da mobilidade funcional entre pacientes com doença de Parkinson ativos e inativos
Authors: Santos Paulo , Morais Luana , Simieli Lucas , Lirani-Silva Ellen , Vitório Rodrigo , Oliveira-Ferreira Maria , Caetano Maria , Gobbi Lilian
Published: January 2017

A doença de Parkinson compromete o equilíbrio e a mobilidade funcional. A atividade física tem um importante papel se contrapondo aos efeitos da doença, podendo promover benefícios na mobilidade de pacientes. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho em equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional de pacientes com doença de Parkinson ativos e inativos. Participaram do estudo 41 pacientes distribuídos, em ativos (19) e inativos (22), de acordo com a pontuação obtida no questionário de Baecke modificados para idosos e confirmado pela quantidade de prática regular de atividade física. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados em relação ao equilíbrio através da escala de equilíbrio de Berg e em relação à mobilidade funcional através do Timed up and Go test. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação ao equilíbrio. Entretanto, pacientes ativos apresentaram melhores desempenhos (6,86 ± 1,16 s) na mobilidade funcional quando comparado com pacientes inativos (9,19 ± 4,40 s). Manter níveis ótimos de atividade física é um importante fator para a melhora da mobilidade de pacientes com doença de Parkinson, refletindo na realização das atividades diárias e na qualidade de vida.
Aconselhamento para atividade física e mudança de comportamento em Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Häfele Vítor , Siqueira Fernando
Published: January 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a prevalência de aconselhamento à prática de atividade física e a mudança de comportamento dos usuários de unidades básicas de saúde da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS e verificar fatores associados ao aconselhamento para a atividade física. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra de 525 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais usuários de 35 unidades básicas de saúde da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Para verificar o aconselhamento à prática de atividade física foi utilizada a seguinte questão: “Durante o último ano, em alguma vez em que o Sr.(a). esteve na unidade básica de saúde, recebeu aconselhamento para praticar atividade física?”. Para verificar os estágios de mudança de comportamento foi utilizado um instrumento válido. A prevalência de aconselhamento à prática de atividade física foi de 35,4%, estando associado ao aumento da idade, ao diagnóstico médico referido de hipertensão arterial, ao uso de algum medicamento de maneira contínua e ao maior número de vezes em que o sujeito esteve na unidade de saúde no último ano. As prevalências dos estágios de mudança de comportamento antes do aconselhamento foram: pré-contemplação 38,3%, contemplação 6,3%, preparação 24,0%, ação 6,3% e manutenção 25,1%. Após o recebimento do aconselhamento os valores modificaram para: 20,1%, 8,2%, 30,4%, 8,7% e 32,6%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física deve melhorar nas unidades básicas de saúde. Ainda, o aconselhamento apresentou influência positiva sobre os estágios de mudança de comportamento.
How Do Contract Parameters Influence the Economics of Vehicle-to-Grid?
Authors: Broneske Gerald , Wozabal David
Published: January 2017

By modifying the charging patterns of a pool of electric vehicles (EVs), aggregators are able to provide services to the electric grid. The parameters that shape the agreement between aggregators and EV owners, such as plug-in duration and guaranteed driving range, affect the appeal of signing up with an aggregator. Our study examines how these contract parameters influence the profitability of vehicle pools. We use a bottom-up model that encompasses the entire planning problem faced by an aggregator. The model is applied to the German secondary reserve market using actual driving patterns and market data. Our results indicate that contract parameters influence EVs’ value to aggregators in surprising ways, partially contradicting findings in previous literature. In essence, high levels of plug-in durations or low levels of guaranteed driving for planned trips do not necessarily provide the highest profit. Furthermore, we find that realistic nonanticipative strategies lead to annual profits in the range of €167 to €125 per vehicle, which is in the lower range of previous studies. Our results are a starting point for a discussion about optimal contract parameters and the design of corresponding marketing strategies.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0601 .
Withdrawal of ICS treatment in primary care: A practical guide
Authors: Chalmers James , Bobak Alex , Scullion Jane , Murphy Anna
Published: January 2017

There is increasing concern over the inappropriate prescribing of inhaled corticosteroids for patients with COPD. Here the authors discuss how to step down ICS treatment without adverse effects. By James Chalmers, Alex Bobak, Jane Scullion, and Anna Murphy

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently inappropriately prescribed for patients with COPD resulting in up to 70% of patients in current practice receiving them. ICS (prescribed as a combination inhaler with a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA)) are primarily indicated for patients with an FEV1<50% predicted and a history of frequent exacerbations. There is a consensus that they provide no benefit for patients with preserved lung function and no history of exacerbations. Safety concerns, particularly with regard to pneumonia, osteoporosis, bruising, adrenal suppression and diabetes have been reported in ICS users.

Withdrawal of ICS in these patients may therefore promote cost-effective prescribing, and reduce the risk of adverse effects. Nevertheless, in the absence of recognised national guidelines, removing a longstanding therapy from patients with COPD can be challenging.

Concerns and barriers reported by clinicians include the risk that patients may subsequently exacerbate or experience a worsening of symptoms, the risk of inadvertently removing ICS from patients with a diagnosis of asthma, and the risks of adrenal insufficiency.

Recent randomised controlled trials clearly demonstrate it is possible to remove ICS in a subgroup of patients with COPD and replace with bronchodilator therapies, and that such withdrawal does not result in clinically important increases in exacerbations or worsening of symptoms.

In this article, we provide practical advice about when and how to withdraw ICS in patients with COPD.
Identifying and managing the common consequences of colorectal cancer
Authors: Taylor Claire , Rickard Helen
Published: January 2017

Colorectal is the third most common cancer in the UK and even when successfully treated, its effects on the patient can be complex and life-changing. Claire Taylor and Helen Rickard discuss how to manage them

All patients face consequences as a result of being diagnosed and treated for cancer. These can include physical, emotional, social and/or financial factors which can occur both acutely and in the longer-term. This article focuses on the common consequences of being treated for colorectal cancer and suggests some ways these concerns can be managed holistically and effectively in general practice. In doing so, nursing can play an important role in helping individuals to live well with, and beyond, cancer.
Driving the role of the advanced practitioner in primary care
Authors: Oliver Emma
Published: January 2017

Advanced nurse practitioners have been identified as key to the future of primary care, as demand grows and the number of GPs falls. Here Emma Oliver identifies the benefits and challenges in establishing the new role

The role of the advanced practitioner has been highlighted by a number of bodies to enhance nursing skills, place nurses at the forefront of primary care, and alleviate some of the pressure caused by a shortage of GPs. Here the author describes the results of introducing an advanced nurse practitioner into a surgery, where patients were extremely dissatisfied with the time it was taking to get an appointment with a GP. She outlines the benefits, the potential challenges and the cultural changes necessary to make the system work, as well as reporting back on patient satisfaction with the role of the advanced nurse practitioner
Increased vimentin mRNA expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line after repeated endoxifen-treatment
Authors: Paramita Paramita , Louisa Melva , Nafrialdi Nafrialdi
Published: January 2017

Background: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in the development of cancer cell resistance to drugs. Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein, is a marker of EMT. Vimentin's over-expression in cancer correlates well with increased tumor growth, change in cell shape and poor prognosis. Endoxifen is an active metabolite of tamoxifen  and has become a new potent agent in the treatment of breast cancer. This is a study that aimed to investigate the effect of endoxifen exposure with or without estradiol on cell viability, cell morphology and EMT progression through the analysis of vimentin mRNA expression after 4-week treatment.

Methods: Endoxifen, 100 nM or 1,000 nM, with or without beta-estradiol were given repeatedly to MCF-7 cells. Cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 0.001% were used as control. After 2- and 4-week exposure, the cells were counted, analyzed for mRNA vimentin expression, and observed for morphological changes.

Results: Compared to control, there were significant decreases in vimentin mRNA expressions in endoxifen and endoxifen+β-estradiol treated cells after 2-weeks, which then significantly increased after 4-week compared with the 2-week exposure. We found no change in morphology of MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion: Repeated exposure of endoxifen might induce EMT progression through increased expression of vimentin in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
El Juego Trobado de Jerónimo de Pinar: Datación del poema e identificación de los miembros de la Casa Real
Authors: Perea Rodríguez Óscar
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo pretende establecer la identificación de los miembros de la Casa Real castellana mencionados por Jerónimo de Pinar en su conocido poema Juego Trobado (Dutton ID 6637), así como establecer lo más ajustadamente posible la probable fecha de composición y representación de este divertimento áulico. Además de prestar atención a las rúbricas, se indaga cómo la duración del luto en el reino de Castilla es clave para certificar ambas cosas, la datación del poema y la identificación de los protagonistas, habida cuenta de la cadena de muertes sufrida por los Trastámara en los años finales del siglo XV.
Quality of sleep and hypertension in adolescents
Authors: Nasution Arie Taufansyah P. , Ramayati Rafita , Sofyani Sri , Ramayani Oke RRna , Siregar Rosmayanti
Published: January 2017

Background Adolescents with hypertension are at risk of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular problems in later life. Hypertension may be influenced by poor quality of sleep, so early detection of hypertension and ensuring good quality of sleep in adolescence is needed.Objective To assess for a possible association between poor sleep quality and hypertension in adolescents.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to March 2013 in Mustafawiyah Boarding School, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera. Subjects’ quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and their systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Quality of sleep was categorized as either good or poor. Blood pressure was categorized as either normotensive or hypertensive. An association between poor sleep quality and hypertension was analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Two hundred forty adolescents participated in this study, of whom 210 (87.5%) subjects were normotensive and 30 (12.5%) subjects were hypertensive. We found higher systolic blood pressure [114.9 (SD 11.7) vs. 109.5 (SD 10.5) mmHg as well as diastolic blood pressure [74 (SD 9.1) vs. 69.9 (SD 7.5) mmHg in adolescents with poor sleep quality compared to  those with good sleep quality (P=0.001).Conclusion Poor sleep quality is associated with hypertension in adolescents.
Visfatin levels in non-obese, obese, and insulin resistant adolescents
Authors: Ihsan Indra , Rini Eka Agustia , Yaswir Rismawati
Published: January 2017

Background Adipose tissue is not merely a site for energy storage, but is also the largest endocrine organ, secreting various adipocytokines. Plasma visfatin, an adipocytokine predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue, has insulin-mimetic effects, and has been closely linked to insulin resistance.Objective To compare plasma visfatin levels between obese and non-obese adolescents, as well as between obese adolecents with and without insulin resistance.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in students who attended three senior high schools in Padang. Subjects comprised 28 obese and 28 non-obese adolescents. The age of the subjects ranged from 14-18 years. Obesity criteria were based on body mass index (BMI) measurements. Fasting serum glucose level was measured by glucose hexokinase photometry and serum insulin was measured by chemiluminesence immunoassay. Plasma visfatin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The insulin resistance index was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose levels using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Differences in the variables were tested using independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test, depending on the distribution of the variables.Results The mean plasma visfatin level was significantly higher in the obese than in the control group [2.55 (SD 1.54) vs. 1.61 (SD 0.64) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.005)]. The insulin resistant group had significantly higher mean plasma visfatin level than the non-resistant group [3.61 (SD 1.59) vs. 1.96 (SD 1.18) ng/mL, respectively; (P=0.004)].Conclusion Obese adolescents with insulin resistance have signifcantly higher plasma visfatin levels compared to those without insulin resistance.
Associations of maternal body composition and nutritional intake with fat content of Indonesian mothers’ breast milk
Authors: Kurniati Ardesy Melizah , Sunardi Diana , Sungkar Ali , Bardosono Saptawati
Published: January 2017

Background Breast milk is the best sole food for infants in their first six months of life. Breast milk fat content accounts for the largest part of infants’ energy and may be influenced by many factors, including maternal factors, which may vary in different settings. So far, there has been no published data about the breast milk fat content of Indonesian mothers, including whether it is affected by their body composition or nutritional intake.Objective To investigate breast milk fat content of Indonesian mothers and its associations with maternal body composition and nutritional intake. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at Budi Kemuliaan Mothers’ and Children’s Hospital. Breast milk specimens were collected from 48 nursing mothers, centrifuged, and tested by creamatocrit for fat content. A 24-hour food recall was performed to evaluate maternal macronutrient intake. Maternal body composition was evaluated by bioelectric impedance analysis. Univariable correlations between breast milk fat content and either energy and macronutrient intake were assessed using the Spearman rho test.Results All nursing mothers had breast milk fat content within clinically normal range [mean 59.4 (SD 15.9) g/L]. There was no significant correlation between milk fat content and maternal body fat (r = -0.03, P=0.840), total body water (r = 0.09 P=0.509), or muscle mass (r = 0.08, P=0.577). Milk fat content seemed to weakly correlated with maternal fat intake, although it was not statistically significant (r = 0.27, P=0.065).Conclusion Breast milk fat content at one-month post delivery appears not associated with with maternal body composition. It seems to weakly correlate with maternal fat intake but findings need to be confirmed in larger studies with adjustment for confounding variables.