bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF MOTOR VEHICLES ON ATMOSPHERIC AIR USING EXISTING PREDICTIVE MODELS
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Halaktionov Mykola , Bredun Viktor ,   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic»
Published: February 2025

In recent years, air pollution by motor vehicles has become an increasingly serious environmental problem, especially in large industrial cities such as Kryvyi Rih, the constant increase in the number of vehicles, and industrial activities have a significant impact on air quality. Despite the fact that air quality is continuously monitored in such areas, accurate assessment of the direct impact of motor vehicles remains difficult. Vehicle pollution is characterized by the complex and variable nature of vehicle emissions, which are influenced by factors such as vehicle type, fuel type, traffic density and weather conditions. It should be noted that automobile pollution creates a unique problem: harmful pollutants present in exhaust gases are released into the surface layers, where the main human activity takes place.
Various forecasting methods based on mathematical models are used to assess the impact of motor vehicles on air pollution. These models allow estimates of atmospheric pollutant concentrations based on a variety of variables, including the number of vehicles, traffic intensity, vehicle types, fuel characteristics, and meteorological conditions. A study in Kryvyi Rih identified specific areas with heavy traffic for a detailed analysis of pollutant dispersion, focusing on key emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). This study used CALRoads View software, which uses the CALINE4 model, and EOL Plus software, which implements the CIS-86 methodology.
By comparing the results of these modeling tools, the study established an understanding of the potential applications of each model for estimating urban vehicle emissions. A comparative approach not only improves the understanding of emission sources, but also allows for more informed decisions regarding air quality management in urban environments. This dual model strategy provides a comprehensive framework for assessing the impact of motor vehicles on air quality, improving the ability to develop targeted and effective air quality management policies in large cities and industrialized areas.
Keywords: motor vehicles, atmospheric air, pollutant emissions, predictive models, mathematical models.
Aplicação de derivada para identificar descargas parciais em cabos de redes de distribuição de energia subterrânea
Authors: Everling Paim Eliane Suely , De Campos Maurício , Zago Romcy Sausen Airam Teresa , Sausen Paulo Sérgio , Binelo Manuel Osorio
Published: February 2025

O cálculo diferencial e integral é uma das principais disciplinas que compõem a grade curricular dos primeiros anos dos cursos de Engenharia. Isso ocorre porque esse campo de estudo demanda aperfeiçoamento no raciocínio lógico, e o ensino da derivada constitui-se como uma das bases necessárias para tal, porém, a forma teórica e desvinculada de problemas do cotidiano com que é ministrada, dificulta seu entendimento. Outra dificuldade é que as aplicações na área de engenharia são embasadas em sistemas discretos, dificultando a aplicação do conhecimento previamente adquirido. Nesse contexto, com o presente trabalho visa-se oferecer uma alternativa aos docentes embasada em resolver problemas do cotidiano da engenharia, partindo de sistemas discretos. Trata-se de uma aplicação da derivada para identificação de descargas parciais em cabos de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica subterrânea. Na parte de procedimentos metodológicos, partiu-se do modelo de um dos padrões de descarga parcial de uma rede real encontrado na literatura, na sequência foi incorporado o padrão de modelo da descarga parcial em um conjunto de dados de uma rede também real, e posteriormente foi utilizada derivação de sistemas discretos no tempo para identificação das descargas parciais. Os resultados obtidos a partir das simulações computacionais demonstram que essa estratégia de ensino relacionada à aplicação da derivada é eficaz na detecção de descargas parciais e pode ser integrada ao ensino de cálculo diferencial e integral, conectando os conceitos teóricos às aplicações práticas nas engenharias.
Uma análise do uso de atividades com materiais manipuláveis para uma introdução ao ensino de Trigonometria junto a uma aprendiz cega
Authors: Avelino de Melo Soares Jean , Coelho de Segadas Vianna Claudia
Published: February 2025

Este estudo apresenta um recorte da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor, que objetivou verificar como recursos didáticos acessíveis podem colaborar para o estudo de conteúdos com representações visuais, como a trigonometria. Diante disso, apresentamos os resultados de uma análise que investigou as potencialidades e os desafios enfrentados por uma aprendiz cega congênita no aprendizado da trigonometria da primeira volta. Para isso, foram planejadas atividades com recursos que foram aplicadas com uma aluna cega do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma instituição de ensino pública, com suporte especializado de um Núcleo de Atendimento às Pessoas com Necessidades Específicas (NAPNE). Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas baseadas em tarefas para produzir e analisar os dados. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados diários de campo, gravação e fotografias. O estudo destacou a importância de materiais manipuláveis e de uma abordagem cuidadosa para facilitar o ensino de conceitos com representações predominantemente visuais, como ângulos, arcos e redução ao primeiro quadrante. Os resultados indicaram que a aluna realizou as atividades com sucesso, demonstrando que os recursos desenvolvidos, bem como as tarefas, foram essenciais para superar os desafios educacionais. A pesquisa reforça o compromisso com a educação inclusiva, visando diminuir lacunas curriculares e promover equidade no ambiente educacional.
Residência Pedagógica
Authors: Silva Rosana Maria da , Gitirana Verônica
Published: February 2025

Neste artigo, propomos identificar os distanciamentos e aproximações entre a documentação de um preceptor e a de seu residente na realidade de uma escola federal. Como arcabouço teórico, nos apoiamos na Abordagem Documental do Didático e na trajetória documental para compreender a história dos participantes com os recursos, seus usos, evoluções e origens. Considerando os princípios da Metodologia de Investigação Reflexiva, traçamos a trajetória documental do preceptor e do residente, identificamos os recursos e os esquemas de uso de cada um deles compondo seu trabalho documental relativo à equação de 1º grau e estabelecemos comparações entre os sistemas de recursos e o trabalho documental dos participantes. Os resultados revelaram semelhanças entre os recursos e diferenças entre os eventos das trajetórias documentais. Observamos um distanciamento entre o trabalho documental dos participantes, especialmente no que concerne ao uso de recursos humanos na composição de seus documentos. O estudo em questão nos permite inferir que as reflexões oportunizadas podem ter contribuído para que, tanto o professor em formação quanto o professor em exercício, tenham compreendido a importância do uso de recursos para o ensino de matemática. A partir das análises, podemos considerar que o trabalho colaborativo entre preceptor e residente pode contribuir para a ampliação do sistema de recursos e para o desenvolvimento profissional do professor.
Spinal astrocytes involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Li Xiangmiao , Huang Yushan , Bai Jinzhu
Published: February 2025

Neuropathic pain is a common and severe type of chronic pain, and its pathogenesis has not been fully defined. Increasing evidence shows that spinal astrocytes play indispensable roles in the occurrence and development of neuropathic pain. Most studies have suggested that activated astrocytes can crosstalk with other glial cells and neurons through morphological and functional changes, exacerbating the development of pain. However, reactive astrocytes have a dual role. As a defense mechanism, reactive astrocytes have roles in increasing neuroprotection and stimulating neurogenesis. Studies have demonstrated a potentially beneficial role for astrocyte activation in neuropathic pain. In addition, the therapeutic mechanisms of multiple drugs and neuromodulatory techniques are thought to be related to astrocytes. This review highlights the recent advances and significance of spinal astrocytes, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of their roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropathic pain.
Identify predictive factors for the emergence of self-reported oropharyngeal dysphagia in older men and women populations: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Shuang , Fan Ling-Jie , Tian Hao , Wei Sha-Sha , Zhang Si-Jie , He Mei , Wei Ji-Hong
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is an emergent health concern in older adults, with incidence rates escalating due to age-related and various neurological and physical conditions. This study identifies risk and protective factors for new-onset OD, with an emphasis on gender differences.

Methods

Utilizing data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), this study analyzed 6,360 participants (58.1% women) across 2011–2014 and 2015–2018 periods. Employing a random forest feature selection, specifically recursive feature elimination and mean decrease impurity algorithm, we assessed 128 variables to identify critical factors including demographics, health, physical and neurological functionality, and environmental conditions. The study further applied logistic regression and explored factor interactions using restricted cubic splines, streamlining the analysis to focus on key determinants of oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Results

Initial findings show a decrease in new-onset OD from 15.62% in 2011 to 14.49% in 2015, with women more frequently affected. The analysis elucidates a constellation of highly predictive factors for OD, encompassing extremes of body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic challenges (as indicated by low income), diminished physical conditioning, and adverse emotional states. Notably, gender-specific disparities emerged, highlighting the critical role of cognitive function and mood in men, whereas in women, the overarching influence of general health status and comorbidities was more pronounced.

Conclusion

This condensed examination highlights the complex, multifactorial nature of OD in older adults, influenced by sociodemographic, physical, and psychological factors, and underscores the need for gender-specific approaches in predicting, preventing, and managing OD.
Identifying major depressive disorder among US adults living alone using stacked ensemble machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chen Zhao , Liu Hao , Zhang Yao , Xing Fei , Jiang Jiabao , Xiang Zhou , Duan Xin
Published: February 2025

Background

It has been increasingly recognized that adults living alone have a higher likelihood of developing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) than those living with others. However, there is still no prediction model for MDD specifically designed for adults who live alone.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing personal health data in combination with a stacked ensemble machine learning (SEML) technique to detect MDD among adults living alone, seeking to gain insights into the interaction between personal health data and MDD.

Methods

Our data originated from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007 to 2018. We finally selected a set of 30 easily accessible variables encompassing demographic profiles, lifestyle factors, and baseline health conditions. We constructed a SEML model for MDD detection, incorporating three conventional machine learning algorithms as base models and a Neural Network (NN) as the meta-model. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was used to explain the impact of each predictor on MDD.

Results

The study included 2,642 adult participants who lived alone, of whom 10.6% (279 out of 2,642) had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or above, indicating the presence of MDD. The performance of our SEML model was robust, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Further analysis using SHAP revealed positive correlations between the occurrence of MDD and factors such as sleep disorders, number of prescription medications, need for specific walking aids, leak urine during nonphysical activities, chronic bronchitis, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores for sodium. Conversely, age, the Family Monthly Poverty Level Index (FMMPI), and HEI scores for added sugar showed negative correlations with MDD occurrence. Additionally, a U-shaped relationship was noted between the occurrence of MDD and both sleep duration and Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as HEI scores for dairy.

Conclusion

The study has successfully developed a predictive model for MDD, specifically tailored for adults living alone using a stacked ensemble technique, enhancing the identification of MDD and its risk factors among adults living alone.
Burden of stroke in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) in South East Asia: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2021 based on the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Satapathy Prakasini , Chauhan Shubham , Gaidhane Shilpa , Bishoyi Ashok Kumar , Priya G. Padma , Jayabalan Karthikeyan , Mishra Swati , Sharma Shilpa , Bushi Ganesh , Shabil Muhammed , Syed Rukshar , Kundra Kamal , Dev Navneet , Ansar Sabah , Sah Sanjit , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Samal Shailesh Kumar , Jena Diptismita , Goh Khang Wen
Published: February 2025

Background

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet its burden among adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) in South East Asia (SEA) remains understudied. Understanding regional trends and risk factors in this population is critical for effective prevention and management strategies. This study aims to examine stroke trends from 1990 to 2021, focusing on ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in SEA.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, temporal trends in stroke incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were analyzed for the age group 15–39 years. Join point regression analysis was employed to identify significant changes in stroke trends, and gender specific patterns were also assessed.

Results

Ischemic stroke cases in SEA increased from 28030.85 to 40836.18, with a slight rise in incidence, particularly affecting males aged 30–39, while female mortality dropped by 23.81%. ICH incidence decreased annually by 0.6692%, with significant reductions in DALYs and mortality, especially among younger age groups and females. SAH incidence declined by 0.2142%, accompanied by a notable reduction in female mortality (31.83%). Countries with lower SDI experienced higher stroke incidence and mortality rates, highlighting socio-economic disparities. Geographic analysis revealed the Philippines had the highest rise in ischemic stroke, while most other countries saw declines in ICH and SAH rates.

Conclusion

The study highlights significant progress in managing ICH and SAH, especially among younger populations and females. However, ischemic stroke remains a growing challenge, particularly for males, necessitating targeted interventions to reduce the overall stroke burden.
Replicating the real-world evidence methods available in human health to assess burden and outcomes for dogs with chronic kidney disease, their owners, and the veterinary healthcare system in the United States of America
Authors: Wright Andrea , Taylor Dean , Lowe Mollie , Barlow Sophie , Jackson James
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in canines is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function. There are significant gaps in understanding how CKD is managed in canines and the full extent of its impact. This study aimed to characterize disease management of CKD and its impact on dogs, their owners and the veterinary healthcare system in the United States of America (United States).

Methods

Data were drawn from the Adelphi Real World Canine CKD Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey of veterinarians, pet owners and their dogs with CKD in the United States from December 2022 to January 2024. Veterinarians reported demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and healthcare utilization data, for dogs with CKD. Owners voluntarily completed questionnaires, providing data about their dog, as well as quality of life and work-related burden using the Dog Owners Quality of Life, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaires. Analyses were descriptive and Cohen’s Kappa was used to measure agreement between owners and veterinarians.

Results

A total of 117 veterinarians provided data for 308 dogs, of which 68 owners also reported information. Discrepancies in recognizing symptoms of CKD in dogs, particularly excessive water consumption and urination, were identified between veterinary professionals and owners. Interventions for managing CKD in dogs focused on controlling symptoms and supporting kidney function through dietary modifications and medication. Owners of dogs with CKD reported minimal impact to overall work and activity impairment (10 and 14%, respectively). At diagnosis, 78.6% of dogs were International Renal Interest Society Stage I-II, and 21.5% were Stage III-IV. Regardless of CKD stage, owners strongly agreed that ownership provided them with emotional support and companionship. Regarding veterinary healthcare utilization, 95% of dogs were seen in general veterinary practices.

Discussion

These findings emphasize the value of real-world evidence in enhancing our understanding of CKD in companion animals and informs future strategy for the real-world diagnosis and treatment of CKD. The results also provide insights to the potential burden experienced by owners of dogs with CKD.
Advances in Control Techniques for Rehabilitation Exoskeleton Robots: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mashud Gazi , Hasan SK , Alam Nafizul
Published: February 2025

This systematic review explores recent advancements in control methods for rehabilitation exoskeleton robots, which assist individuals with motor impairments through guided movement. As robotics technology progresses, precise, adaptable, and safe control techniques have become accessible for effective human–robot interaction in rehabilitation settings. Key control methods, including computed torque and adaptive control, excel in managing complex movements and adapting to diverse patient needs. Robust and sliding mode controls address stability under unpredictable conditions. Traditional approaches, like PD and PID control schemes, maintain stability, performance, and simplicity. In contrast, admittance control enhances user–robot interaction by balancing force and motion. Advanced methods, such as model predictive control (MPC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), provide optimization-based solutions. Intelligent controls using neural networks, Deep Learning, and reinforcement learning offer adaptive, patient-specific solutions by learning over time. This review provides an in-depth analysis of these control strategies by examining advancements in recent scientific literature, highlighting their potential to improve rehabilitation exoskeletons, and offering future recommendations for greater efficiency, responsiveness, and patient-centered functionality.
Comprehensive Numerical Analysis of Mixing Characteristics in a Scramjet Combustor Utilizing Multi-Pylon Configurations
Authors: Xia Xuefeng , Sun Zhensheng , Wang Yingyang , Hu Yu , Qiang Hongfu , Zhu Yujie , Zhang Yin
Published: February 2025

The pylon has been identified as a highly promising method for enhancing mixing efficiency in scramjet combustors. This work systematically assessed the impact of spanwise, streamwise, and oblique multi-pylon combinations in a supersonic cold flow through numerical simulations, employing pylon-aided ethylene fuel injection under low dynamic pressure conditions. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the SST k-ω turbulence model are applied during the simulation. Numerical results reveal that, in comparison to the streamwise combination, the spanwise combination exhibits superior flow field characteristics in terms of mixing efficiency, penetration depth, and total pressure loss. For a given injection condition, an optimal distance between pylons exists in the spanwise combination, with the angle between two pylons having minimal influence on mixing efficiency. The oblique multi-pylon combination yields poorer mixing enhancement efficiency and fuel penetration but incurs less total pressure loss in the near field when compared to the spanwise combination. Additionally, the oblique multi-pylon combination demonstrates enhanced mixing efficiency further downstream of the injector than the spanwise combination. This investigation into fuel injection schemes based on multi-pylon combinations offers valuable insights for the structural design of scramjet engines.
The Long-Term Effect of Biochar Amendment on Soil Biochemistry and Phosphorus Availability of Calcareous Soils
Authors: Yuan Qingsong , Gao Ya , Ma Guozhen , Wu Haizhong , Li Qingsong , Zhang Yali , Liu Shiliang , Jie Xiaolei , Zhang Dengxiao , Wang Daichang
Published: February 2025

Biochar soil amendment has proven to be beneficial for soil fertility regulation, while the long-term mechanisms under different soil conditions remain largely unexplored. This study was based on two long-term field experiments in calcareous soils to explore the effect of biochar on fertility and phosphorus availability, as well as potential mechanisms. Experiments were conducted on Fluvo-aquic soil (6 years) and Cinnamon soil (5 years), respectively. Biochar was applied once at 20 t/ha level and mixed with the topsoil. We evaluated soil fertility and phosphorus fractions with and without biochar amendment and analyzed the related extracellular enzyme activity and functional gene abundance. The results indicate a persistent increase in crop yield by 10.8–24.3% in calcareous soils after 5–6 years of treatment. Biochar enhanced soil fertility, including increased SOC, available phosphorus, and potassium content. Moreover, it boosted the activity of extracellular enzymes related to soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. This effect may be associated with the stability of morphological features and mineral element regulation on biochar surfaces. Biochar soil amendment led to a long-term increase in phosphorus availability, of which available phosphorus increased by 13.1–49.1%. Potential mechanisms included an increase in labile phosphorus forms and biological mechanisms of raising alkaline phosphatase activities and increasing the copy numbers of the phosphatase genes (phoD, phoX, and nifH). In conclusion, biochar soil amendment resulted in sustained improvement in soil fertility in calcareous soils and consistently increased phosphorus availability via biochemical mechanisms.
Comparative Analysis of Horticultural and Animal Waste Compost: Physicochemical Properties and Impact on Plant Growth
Authors: Domene Miguel Ángel , Gómez Felipe , Soria Rocío , Villafuerte Ana B. , Miralles Isabel , Ortega Raúl
Published: February 2025

In Europe, food and agricultural waste amount to millions of tonnes annually. Effective management and valorisation of these residues result in environmental benefits and foster opportunities within the circular economy. Composting has emerged as a sustainable method to convert waste into fertiliser, enhancing soil fertility, water retention, and crop resilience against diseases. However, an adequate compost production process is vital to obtain a functional fertiliser. In this study, a controlled conditions self-produced compost from horticultural waste (C1) was compared against two other commercial composts, one of similar vegetable origin (C2) and another from chicken manure (C3). Physicochemical parameters and nutrient contents in the three compost types were analysed, and phytotoxicity and plant development tests were carried out on Lolium multiflorum Lam. seeds and Pistacia lentiscus L. seedlings. C1 presented fertility and germination parameters similar to C3 and showed the best seedling development. In contrast, C2 showed low levels of fertility, germination, and plant development because of impurities and possible substances inhibiting plant growth, suggesting inadequate compost formation processes. Finally, C3, although it presented germination data similar to C1, produced the worst results in the development of seedlings, probably because of high salinity values and low phosphorus content.
Growth Parameters and Growth-Related Hormone Profile in a Herd of Cattle up to 4 Years of Age Derived from Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Heras Sonia , Lopes Jordana Sena , Quintero-Moreno Armando , Romero-Aguirregomezcorta Jon , Canovas Sebastian , Romar Raquel , Coy Pilar
Published: February 2025

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are routinely used in livestock to generate animals of high genetic value. Despite representing an outstanding accomplishment, recent studies suggest differences in health, fertility, and gestational length of in vitro-produced compared to in vivo-derived animals. Currently, there are no data available on the long-term effects of ART on growth and development. This observational study aimed to understand the relationship between growth and growth-influencing hormones in a herd of cattle derived from artificial insemination (AI) or from in vitro-produced embryos either with BSA (C-IVP) or with reproductive fluids (RF-IVP) as a protein source in culture. Cortisol was associated positively with weight in AI and negatively with body length in males. Thyroxine decreased with age, and it was positively associated with thoracic circumference in RF-IVP. Insulin-like growth factor-1 was greater in RF-IVP than in C-IVP, and it was positively associated with body length and withers height. Growth hormone was greater in females than in males and RF-IVP compared to AI and C-IVP. In conclusion, we present here the first datasets on growth parameters and growth-influencing hormones in cattle from birth to 4 years of age without observing major evidence of differences depending on the embryo origin.
Molecular Prevalence of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites in Southeast Asia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Swangneat Kannawee , Srikacha Nikom , Soulinthone Nittakone , Paudel Surya , Srisanyong Wilasinee , Stott Christopher James , Mahawan Tanakamol , Pornpanom Pornchai
Published: February 2025

In this study, for the first time, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to understand the prevalence and genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites—namely, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon—in avian species in Southeast Asia. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 14,211 studies were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, which contain data relevant to ‘Plasmodium’ or ‘Haemoproteus’ or ‘Leucocytozoon’ and ‘birds’ or ‘chickens’. Of these, 15 articles reporting the prevalence of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus or Leucocytozoon in Southeast Asia were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon were analyzed using a meta-analysis of their proportions, implemented in R programming. The publication bias was checked using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Consequently, the pooled prevalences of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon in Southeast Asia were found to be 21% (95% CI: 18–25%), 18% (95% CI: 15–22%) and 34% (95% CI: 30–37%), respectively. The prevalence of Plasmodium in domestic poultry (37.94%) was found significantly higher than in wild birds (6.46%). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies related to Plasmodium (χ2 = 171.50, p < 0.0001, I2 = 94.84%), Haemoproteus (χ2 = 52.20, p < 0.0001, I2 = 90.4%) and Leucocytozoon (χ2 = 433.90, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98.80%). Additionally, this review revealed 23 lineages of Plasmodium, 35 lineages of Haemoproteus and 21 lineages of Leucocytozoon reported from both domestic poultry and wild birds in Southeast Asia. In conclusion, this systematic review suggested that the prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites in Southeast Asia is high. Particularly, domestic poultry has a high prevalence of Plasmodium, suggesting that monitoring of this parasite should be implemented in the poultry production system. Furthermore, several parasites found in wild birds are undescribed species. Further experimental studies using combined microscopic and molecular techniques might reveal the characteristics of overlooked parasites.
Evaluation of the Use of Preventive Antibiotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing One-Step Prosthetic Revision Surgery with Low Preoperative Infectious Risk
Authors: Motta Leonardo , Stroffolini Giacomo , Marocco Stefania , Bertoli Giulia , Piovan Gianluca , Povegliano Lorenzo , Zorzi Claudio , Gobbi Federico
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The prosthetic knee infection (PKI) rate in most centers ranges from 0.5 to 2% for knee replacements, depending on risk factors. Current PKI definitions may miss the identification of both early and late complications. There is no consensus on preventive or early empiric antibiotic therapy (EEAT) in the one-step exchange strategy for low-risk patients pending microbiology results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of EEAT in patients with comorbidities in preventing PKI and to evaluate differences in septic failure at 3, 6 and 9 months after prosthetic revision between patients undergoing EEAT and patients not undergoing EEAT. Methods: All adult patients undergoing one-step knee revision surgery at IRCCS Sacro-Cuore Don Calabria Negrar, from January 2018 to February 2021, were retrospectively included in a cohort observational study. Patients on antibiotic therapy before surgery or with preoperative ascertained PKI were excluded. Demographic characteristics, Charlson score, comorbidities, inflammatory markers, microbiological tests, imaging, infectious disease risk score and EEAT data were collected. Any postoperative complication or modification of antibiotic therapy at 14, 30, 90, 180 and 270 days after surgery was collected. Results: A total of 227 patients were included: 114 comorbid low-risk patients received EEAT after surgery, pending microbiological results; while 113 non-comorbid low-risk patients did not receive any antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period. Among the EEAT group, 16 were diagnosed with PKI, compared with 10 in the untreated group. Regarding septic failure during the 9-month follow-up after revision surgery, we registered nine cases in the EEAT arm and four in the untreated arm. In three out of nine cases treated with EEAT who had a post-revision septic failure, the causative microorganism was not successfully empirically targeted by EEAT; in the untreated group, two out of four cases had a post-revision septic failure, despite the targeted treatment of intraoperatively identified causative microorganisms. Conclusions: According to our results, EEAT after revision surgery in patients with comorbidities, who are at higher risk of infection, did not prevent prosthetic knee infections. There was also no evidence of a reduction in subsequent septic failure within nine months of revision surgery between groups. More accurate risk-defining scores are needed to identify patients at risk of PKI complications.
Optimum Geometries for Wireless Power Transfer Between an Oblong Coil and a Rectangular Coil
Authors: Lisboa Cardoso Luiz Alberto , Afonso João L. , Nogueiras Meléndez Andrés
Published: February 2025

The geometry of the coils in a magnetic link and their relative position are crucial for increasing their mutual inductance, which is important for obtaining a higher induced voltage, transferred power, and electrical efficiency. General design guidelines found in the literature point to an increase in mutual inductance by making the coils similar in shape, positioning them as close as possible, and using high-permeability soft-cores to concentrate the flux between them. But these recommendations are often difficult to follow in dynamic inductive wireless power transfer (DIWPT) configurations for vehicular applications. This is mostly due to the necessity of a mechanical clearance between the lane and the vehicle assembly, which creates an “air gap”. Also, unless tracks are used, the lateral movement of a vehicle over a primary coil potentially causes a variation in the induced voltage, which is not adequate to energize the powertrain. Considering these intrinsic problems of DIWPT applications, we developed a few theorems that might facilitate some optimum designs, in the case where rectangular secondary coils are used over oblong primary coils, for two different design targets: (i) maximum induced voltage on the secondary coil and (ii) better insensitivity to the vehicle lateral misalignment on the inductive lane.
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Basis for the Difference in Flavonoid Accumulation in Six Medicinal Tissues of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: Yu Zhibiao , Zhou Xiru , Luo Yuanfang , Liang Lei , Hu Zheng , Ding Zhangfeng , Jiang Yihao
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic plant with a long history and ornamental, edible, medicinal, and commercial value. All parts of the lotus are important “homologous and different effects” medicinal herbs as distinct parts of the same plant with different medicinal effects. (2) Methods: Six representative medicinal parts of lotus were selected, i.e., the lotus flower (Nelumbinis Flos, Flo), lotus petiole (Nelumbinis Petiolus, Pet), lotus seedpod (Nelumbinis Receptaculum, Rec), lotus stamen (Nelumbinis Stamen, Sta), lotus seed (Nelumbinis Semen, Sem), and lotus plumule (Nelumbinis Plumula, Plu), and analyzed via UPLC-MS/MS for metabolite profiling and RNA sequencing for gene expression. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several transcription factor families related to flavonoid synthesis. (3) Results: Distinct metabolite accumulation and gene expression patterns were observed, particularly in the flavonoid synthesis pathway. Key findings included important metabolic profiles in stamens, high flavonoid content in light-exposed tissues, and functional differentiation in seeds and plumules. The discovered transcription factor families are essential for flavonoid biosynthesis and contribute to molecular breeding and resource utilization. (4) Conclusion: This study provides an important theoretical basis for molecular breeding of lotus, quality control of medicinal materials, and the rational use of resources obtained from different medicinal parts of lotus.
Heavy Equipment Detection on Construction Sites Using You Only Look Once (YOLO-Version 10) with Transformer Architectures
Authors: Eum Ikchul , Kim Jaejun , Wang Seunghyeon , Kim Juhyung
Published: February 2025

Monitoring heavy equipment in real time is crucial for ensuring safety and operational efficiency at construction sites, yet achieving both high detection accuracy and fast inference remains challenging under diverse environmental conditions. Although previous studies have attempted to improve accuracy and speed, their findings often lack generalizability, partly due to inconsistent datasets and the need for more advanced techniques. In response, this study proposes an enhanced object detection method that integrates transformer-based backbone networks into the You Only Look Once (YOLO-version 10) framework. Evaluations conducted on a large-scale dataset of construction-site images demonstrate notable improvements in detecting the heavy equipment of varying sizes. Comparisons with other detectors confirm that the proposed model not only achieves higher accuracy but also maintains competitive processing speed, making it suitable for real-time deployment. Additionally, the dataset is made available for broader experimentation and development. These findings underscore the method’s potential to strengthen on-site safety by providing more reliable and efficient heavy equipment detection in complex work environments, while also acknowledging areas for further refinement.
Vision-Guided Autonomous Robot Navigation in Realistic 3D Dynamic Scenarios
Authors: Wang Tsung-Wun , Huang Han-Pang , Zhao Yu-Lin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a 3D vision-based autonomous navigation system for wheeled mobile robots equipped with an RGB-D camera. The system integrates SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), motion planning, and obstacle avoidance to operate in both static and dynamic environments. A real-time pipeline is developed to construct sparse and dense maps for precise localization and path planning. Navigation meshes (NavMeshes) derived from 3D reconstructions facilitate efficient A* path planning. Additionally, a dynamic “U-map” generated from depth data identifies obstacles, enabling rapid NavMesh updates for obstacle avoidance. The proposed system achieves real-time performance and robust navigation across diverse terrains, including uneven surfaces and ramps, offering a comprehensive solution for 3D vision-guided robotic navigation.
Determining Critical Ground Motion Parameters for Damage Prediction in Reinforced Concrete Frame Existing Buildings
Authors: Kalman Šipoš Tanja , Brandis Adriana , Bohinc Uroš , Ristić Uroš
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to identify the critical ground motion parameters that lead to structural damage and assess their impact on the nonlinear responses of buildings. The analyses are carried out using a calibrated numerical model that was acquired within the ICONS experimental framework that represents reinforced concrete (RC) structures constructed before seismic design regulations were enforced. For the analysis, 30 seismic records were chosen based on magnitude (M), epicentral distance (R), and peak ground acceleration (PGA) for two high seismic activity areas that were observed. Eleven parameters are categorized, traditional metrics, energy-based, spectrum-based, duration-based, and fundamental metrics, and examined based on their main attributes. The results showed a strong relationship between certain seismic properties and the maximum interstory drifts of building as a damage prediction parameter. Peak ground velocity (PGV), specific energy density (SED), and Housner Intensity (HI) were found to be the most important variables in assessing the correlation with possible structural damage. Therefore, the assessment of structural damage based on nonlinear dynamic analysis should primarily incorporate PGV with the possible addition of energy- and spectrum-based metrics as the most reliable ground motion parameters for the selection of earthquake records for time history analysis.
Electroencephalogram Based Emotion Recognition Using Hybrid Intelligent Method and Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Minh Tuan , Yamada Kou
Published: February 2025

Electroencephalography-based emotion recognition is essential for brain-computer interface combined with artificial intelligence. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for human emotion detection using a hybrid paradigm of convolutional neural networks and a boosting model. The proposed algorithm employs two subsets of 18 and 14 features extracted from four sub-bands using discrete wavelet transform. These features are identified as the optimal subsets of the most relevant, among 42 original input features extracted from two subsets of 8 and 6 productive channels using a dual genetic algorithm combined with a wise-subject 5-fold cross validation procedure in which the first and second genetic algorithms address the efficient channels and optimal feature subsets. The feature subsets are estimated by differently intelligent models and wise-subject 5-fold cross validation procedure on the validation set. The proposed algorithm produces an accuracy of 70.43%/76.05%, precision of 69.88%/74.57%, recall of 98.70%/99.17%, and F1 score of 81.83%/85.13% for valence/arousal classifications, which suggest that the frontal and left regions of the cortex associate especially to human emotions.
Enhancing Log-Likelihood Ratios with Mutual Information on Three-Reader One-Track Detection in Staggered BPMR Systems
Authors: Rueangnetr Natthakan , Koonkarnkhai Santi , Kovintavewat Piya , Greaves Simon John , Warisarn Chanon
Published: February 2025

Because so much information is currently being shared online, there has been a sharp rise in the need for data storage devices over the past ten years. The main storage option is the hard disk drive (HDD), which is less expensive than some other types of data storage. Physical constraints, such as the superparamagnetic limit, are difficult to overcome using existing HDD technology. Consequently, bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) has emerged as a potential solution, offering higher areal densities whilst maintaining thermal stability. Nevertheless, BPMR poses new challenges, such as inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference. Consequently, a number of approaches, such as staggered island layouts and array-reader magnetic recording, have been proposed to overcome these issues. However, this article proposes a three-reader one-track detection method to enhance data retrieval in a staggered BPMR system. Leveraging three-track reading for one-track detection, we obtain three readback signals that function as mutual data sequences. This substantially enhances the detection process in one-dimensional partial-response maximum-likelihood channels. Next, using these mutual data sequences, four novel techniques are presented to enhance bit-error rate (BER) performance and detection accuracy: hard-information flipping, maximum soft-information finding, bit-summation detection, and multilayer perceptron (MLP). This study shows that these proposed techniques can provide better BER performance compared with conventional methods and that the MLP is the most effective technique in enhancing system performance.
Bluesil FLD 550 HT Silicone Oil as Heat Transfer Fluid for Power Plant Applications: Thermal Stability Properties
Authors: Mansi Emiliana , Balog Irena , Caputo Giampaolo , Corsaro Natale , Di Sarcina Ilaria , Tiranti Giuliano , Filippi Francesco , Panza Fabio , Ratto Nicolò , Sau Salvatore , Simonetti Andrea , Spadoni Annarita , Tizzoni Anna Chiara , Cemmi Alessia , Ciotti Marco
Published: February 2025

Thermal oils have been utilized as heat transfer fluids for several decades in many applications, including industrial facilities, power plants and solar receiver systems. Despite their large employment, very few data are available about oils behavior under thermal stress and related degradation processes. For these reasons, the thermal stability of a silicone-based diathermic oil, Bluesil FLD 550 HT, was investigated in the present work. A laboratory-scale set-up was assessed to perform controlled heating tests, and fresh and thermally aged oils samples were analyzed to determine changes in chemical composition and thermo-physical features. Degradation products in the gaseous and vapor phase were also detected and analyzed by online and offline measurements. The obtained results are compared with the ones present for aromatic oils, largely employed as heat transfer media. Bluesil showed a higher thermal resistance compared to aromatic materials, and, thanks to its low volatility together with a high chemical stability, it was successfully tested up to 500 °C. According to its polymeric structure, thermal degradation processes occur mainly through Si-O bond scission, leading to both the segmentation of silicone chains and the formation of cross-linked species as byproducts.
Understanding Visual Attention to Button Design Utilizing Eye-Tracking: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Gleichauf Katharina , Wagner-Hartl Verena , Ackner Gerald J. , Pfeffer Stefan
Published: February 2025

As graphical user interfaces continue to become more complex; it is becoming increasingly important for user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) designers to understand how design elements influence user attention. This study investigates the impact of button shape on user perception, focusing on shape preferences, attention distribution, and perceived pleasantness. To isolate the effect of shape, buttons with five different corner radii (completely angular to completely curved) were presented without contextual influences in a pairwise comparison. The research combined eye-tracking technology with digital questionnaires to collect both objective and subjective data. The results obtained revealed a preference for buttons with moderate corner radii, while buttons with completely angular corners received the least attention and were the least favored. Notably, discrepancies emerged between subjective preferences and objective attention rankings, particularly for wireframe buttons. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of eye-tracking in UI/UX design studies and provides valuable insights into the relationship between attention and preference for abstract design elements. The findings offer fundamental theory for creating more intuitive and effective graphical user interfaces, while also highlighting the limitation and importance of examining design elements within relevant contexts in future studies.
Multi-Model Segmentation Algorithm for Rotator Cuff Injury Based on MRI Images
Authors: Li Mengqi , Fang Jingchao , Hou Haonan , Yuan Li , Guo Jin , Liu Zhenlong
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes an AI-based diagnostic method using MRI images for rotator cuff injuries to assist in treatment by segmenting tear areas and assessing tear severity. A multi-model deep learning network based on Unet + FPN architecture was developed to automatically segment rotator cuff injury images and determine tear grades. A dataset of 376 patients with 5640 images was used for training, with an additional 94 patients and 1410 images reserved for testing. To optimize segmentation, a tailored matching strategy was applied, achieving an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.79 ± 0.01 and a Dice coefficient of 0.75 ± 0.01, indicating high accuracy in segmenting tear areas. For tear severity indicators, the accuracy of estimating retraction (ER) reached 0.92 ± 0.02, and the accuracy of estimating stop tear width (ESTW) reached 0.79 ± 0.01. As the first AI algorithm specifically developed for diagnosing rotator cuff injuries, this platform demonstrates promising accuracy in both tear segmentation and severity assessment, aiming to support doctors in providing efficient, accurate diagnoses of rotator cuff tears.
Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Who Needs Adjuvant Therapy?
Authors: Parosanu Andreea Ioana , Nititpir Cornelia , Stanciu Ioana Miruna , Baston Catalin
Published: February 2025

Surgery is the oldest modality of kidney cancer therapy and is usually the first step in the treatment process. To improve surgical outcomes, adjuvant therapy is frequently administered to eliminate residual tumors and reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. However, not all patients require adjuvant treatment. The decision regarding whether to treat or not to treat renal cell carcinoma patients depends on the risk of recurrence, including tumor stage and histology, and clinical, biological, and personal risk factors. This article will address the challenges of treating renal cell carcinoma patients with adjuvant therapy and review the current evidence and ongoing clinical trials.