bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG MALES IN COMBAT SPORTS
Authors: Alekseeva V , Guryeva A , Nikolaeva E
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to determine the functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in adolescents and young males in combat sports depending on their body type. Materials and methods. Adolescents and young males of the yakut population (freestyle wrestlers and boxers) were examined. The indicators of 42 athletes were studied. Anthropometric and somatometric methods were used. The somatotype was determined by Pignet and Rees-Eysenck indices. The cardiovascular system was studied by the index of functional changes. Blood pressure measurements and pulse counts were performed before and after exercise. The following physical activity was proposed: extended arm squats with a frequency of 20 squats in 30 seconds. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 17.0 software package. Parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were applied. Results. In terms of body mass index, 14.3 % of the surveyed persons had insufficient body weight, 85.7 % – normal body weight. Overweight and obesity in athletes were not detected. Only persons of teenage age had a body weight deficit. It was established that persons with a strong physique according to the Pignet index and a normostenic somatotype according to the Rees-Eysenck index possessed significantly larger reserve and recovery abilities of the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. The obtained morphofunctional characteristics can be taken into account when selecting athletes to achieve higher sports results
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF MEN AND WOMEN IN COMBAT SPORTS
Authors: Maksutova G , Popova T , Romanov Yu , Surina-Marysheva E , Kourova O
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to assess the psychophysiological characteristics of skilled athletes in combat sports (boxing, freestyle wrestling, judo). Materials and methods. 18–23-year-old skilled combat athletes were examined. All athletes were divided into the following groups: the first group - female athletes (n = 15); the second group - male athletes (n = 17); the third and fourth groups - control groups consisted of males and females of the same age and not involved in sports (15 people each). The following methods were used: a pulse measurement, psychological tests, self-assessment of the psychoemotional status, electroencephalography, cardiointervalography with the calculation of statistical indicators of heart rate. Examinations were performed before and after the relaxation exercise, which was a three-minute concentration of attention at a specific point on the body. Results. The results revealed that female athletes had lower indicators of psychoemotional status than males but higher than untrained females. The indicators of psychoemotional stress were lower in female athletes than in male athletes and untrained women. For example, the indicator of personal anxiety in female athletes was 41.0 ± 1.8 versus 47.2 ± 2.5 in untrained women (P < 0.05). In female athletes, heart rate, the amplitude of the mode and voltage index (77.15 ± 2.05) in the structure of heart rate were slightly higher than in males (73.10 ± ± 1.07), which indicated greater functional stress of the heart. Relaxation led to favorable changes in EEG indicators and decreased functional stress of the heart in all subjects. Conclusion. It is recommended to extend the terms of sports training in female combat athletes to ensure a smooth transition to sports specialization and reduce injuries.
ANALYSIS AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS AEROBICS
Authors: Ayzyatullova G , Sakharnova T
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to determine the balance of power in sports aerobics in various competitions and to shape approaches to training highly skilled athletes of the Russian national sports aerobics team. Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: the ana­lysis of scientific and methodical literature, analysis of video materials (7 videos of Russian Championships, 112 finals of European Championships in 2015, 2017, 2019, 106 world finals in 2016, 2018), analysis of regulatory documents in the field of sports activity. Results. The main trends in the development of world sports aerobics as well as its world leaders are determined: 1) a comparison of the competition rules allows determining the main and characteristic structural groups of elements in the competitive program of the leading Russian and world athletes; 2) the identification of major technical errors significantly affects the assessment as a whole; 3) the use of acrobatic and semi-acrobatic exercises in the competitive program both entertains and increases the complexity of the program. Conclusion. Sports aerobics is a relatively young sport in Russia. However, from the first steps, Russian athletes managed to win medals in this discipline. Initially, highly skilled athletes from related sports such as gymnastics, acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics were involved in sports aerobics. Now, it is an independent sport with its specifics and training system. The Russian training system is proved to be reliable and effective considering the number of medals.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KOMPOSIT TERIGU, BEKATUL DAN KACANG MERAH TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK COOKIES
Authors: Damayanti Safitri , Bintoro Valentinus Priyo , Setiani Bhakti Etza
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Cookies merupakan salah satu produk bakery yang sudah dikenal dan disukai oleh hampir semua golongan usia. Bekatul dan kacang merah merupakan salah satu bahan pangan lokal yang tinggi akan kandungan gizi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan cookies. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung komposit terigu, bekatul dan kacang merah terhadap kualitas fisik dan organoleptik cookies. Kualitas fisik yang diamati meliputi Kadar Air, Daya Kembang dan Tekstur.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan variasi persentase tepung terigu dan tepung BKM, P1= 90%: 10% (b/b), P2= 85%: 15% (b/b), P3= 80%: 20% dan P4= 75%: 25%, setiap perlakuan di ulang sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil uji Kadar Air dan Daya Kembang dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika ada pengaruh dilanjutkan dengan Duncan, hasil tekstur dijelaskan secara deskriptif dan hasil uji Organoleptik dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis dan jika terdapat pengaruh dilanjutkan dengan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi cookies terbaik adalah cookies P2 (tepung terigu 85%: tepung BKM 15%). Cookies formulasi terbaik memiliki kadar air 4,64%, daya kembang 43,75%, tekstur (fisik) 3173 gf, sifat sensori cookies dengan skor warna sebesar 3,16 (coklat), skor aroma sebesar 2,92 (suka), skor rasa 3,24 (suka), skor tekstur 3,44 (renyah), dan skor overall 3,24 (suka).  Simpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi cookies terbaik adalah cookies P2 (tepung terigu 85%: tepung BKM 15%) karena kadar air yang dihasilkan relatif rendah sehingga memenuhi SNI, daya kembang tidak terlalu tinggi, kekerasan cookies yang tidak terlalu tinggi dan nilai organoleptik yang diterima oleh panelis.
IDENTIFIKASI NILAI GIZI DAN POTENSI MANFAAT KEFIR SUSU KAMBING KALIGESING
Authors: Hardiansyah Angga
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Kambing kaligesing merupakan jenis kambing lokal dengan produksi susu tinggi. Pengolahan susu menjadi produk fermentasi seperti kefir, merupakan salah satu upaya diversifikasi produk dan eksplorasi manfaat produk tersebut untuk kesehatan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan zat gizi dan potensi manfaat kefir susu kambing kaligesing Metode: Starter kefir diperoleh dari Triyono Farm, Magelang. Pada penelitian ini, ditambahkan 2 liter susu pasteurisasi dalam biji kéfir sekitar 100 gram. Pembuatan produk menggunakan jenis rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan berupa perbedaan waktu fermentasi (18, 24, 30, dan 36 jam), dengan 3 kali ulangan. Uji organoleptik kesukaan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan produk dengan waktu fermentasi terpilih. Kefir yang terpilih berdasarkan uji kesukaan  kemudian dianalisis kandungan zat gizinya. Zat gizi yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar air, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kalsium, besi, laktosa, dan vitamin B12. Hasil: Kefir dengan fermentasi 24 jam merupakan formula terpilih yang mendapatkan persentase kesukaan tertinggi secara keseluruhan dengan karakteristik warna putih kekuningan, aroma dan rasa asam, dan tekstur lembut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada satu serving size kefir susu kambing sebanyak 200 ml, terdapat 7,18 gram protein, 4,04 gram lemak, 456 mg kalsium, 4,96 gram besi, dan 0,26 mikrogram vitamin B12. Produk kefir susu kambing ini memiliki kandungan kalsium yang cukup tinggi meskipun dalam satu kali konsumsi belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan kalsium sehari.Simpulan: Kefir susu kambing kaligesing yang dihasilkan merupakan pangan bergizi tinggi terutama protein dan kalsiumnya dengan kandungan laktosa rendah yang dapat membantu pemenuhan gizi individu yang memiliki masalah intoleransi laktosa
Das radikaldemokratische Moment von Hashtag-Aktivismus
Authors: Koster Ann-Kathrin
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag bietet ausgehend von der politischen Theorie Jacques Rancières eine radikaldemokratische Interpretation von Hashtag-Aktivismus an. Mittelpunkt seiner Demokratietheorie bilden politische Praktiken, welche Exklusionsverhältnisse durch eine demonstrative Anklage zum Gegenstand einer konfliktiven Auseinandersetzung innerhalb der Gesellschaft machen. Ebensolche Prozesse lassen sich mittels einer inhaltlichen Analyse des Hashtags #metwo rekonstruieren, welcher im Sommer 2018 für Aufsehen sorgte. Hashtag-Aktivismus wird so als eine digitale Konstellation erkennbar, die in performativer und pluralistischer Weise den Kampf um Gleichberechtigung und Teilhabe sichtbar werden lässt.
Development and validation of the child humor orientation scale short-form
Authors: Bischoff Marie , Schmidt Silke , Muehlan Holger
Published: September 2020

Background

Studies on children’s humor mainly focus on short-term effects of sense of humor and laughter. There is also evidence that children possess the predisposition to communicate humorously, labeled “Humor Orientation” (HO). All children possess some level of HO, but highly humor oriented children enact humor successfully and frequently, perceive situations more often as funny, and perform humorously across different interactions than low humor oriented children. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a short-form of the Child Humor Orientation Scale (Booth-Butterfield et al. 2011), a questionnaire assessing HO in children, and to analyze its relations to well-being.

Methods

After forward-backward-translation procedure, the CHO-Scale was validated in a sample of parents of 296 pre-school children (3–6 years). The CHO-Scale was shortened to 10 items on the basis of factor loadings and content-related aspects.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis of the CHO-10 revealed a two-factor solution. Reliability and Validity of the main score and the subscales are acceptable. Children with high HO show higher social competencies, emotion knowledge, quality of life, and lower trait anxiety.

Discussion

The CHO-10 Scale is suitable as a valid, reliable and economic measure of Child Humor Orientation.
Extremely high levels of alkaline phosphatase and pregnancy outcome: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Wilkof-Segev Renana , Hallak Mordechai , Gabbay-Benziv Rinat
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the association between extremely elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) levels (above 1000 U/L) and adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods

A retrospective case series of all parturients with extremely elevated ALKP levels taken throughout pregnancy at a single university-affiliated medical center (2010–2018). Demographics and medical data were retrieved. Following literature review, previously reported similar cases were added to the cohort. We report perinatal outcome of our cohort as well as literature review.

Results

During study period 11 parturients with high ALKP were identified. Ten more cases were retrieved from PubMed search. Overall, median ALKP levels were 1880 (range 1052–4488 U/L). Reasons for evaluation were mostly nonspecific symptoms (pruritus, headache, abdominal pain) or routine obstetrical evaluation. In 10/12 (83%) cases, elevated ALKP levels were of placental origin; the rest had osteal origin. Median gestational age at delivery was 38 (range 35–41); four (19%) women had preterm delivery. Six patients (29%) had gestational diabetes mellitus and six (29%) had hypertensive disorders. Histopathology of the placenta was available in eight cases: three normal histology (38%) and five with different non-specific pathologies.

Conclusions

We report the largest case series of extremely elevated levels of ALKP in pregnancy thus far. Our data suggest association with adverse perinatal outcome.
Experiences of youth with medical complexity and their families during the transition to adulthood: a meta-ethnography
Authors: Li Lin , Bird Marissa , Carter Nancy , Ploeg Jenny , Gorter Jan Willem , Strachan Patricia H.
Published: September 2020

Youth with medical complexity (YMC) are a small subset of youth who have a combination of severe functional limitations and extensive health service use. As these youth become adults, they are required to transition to adult health, education, and social services. The transition to adult services is especially difficult for YMC due to the sheer number of services that they access. Service disruptions can have profound impacts on YMC and their families, potentially leading to an unsuccessful transition to adulthood. This meta-ethnography aims to synthesize qualitative literature exploring how YMC and their families experience the transition to adulthood and transfer to adult services. An in-depth understanding of youth and family experiences can inform interventions and policies to optimize supports and services to address the needs of this population at risk for unsuccessful transition to adulthood. Using Noblit and Hare’s approach to meta-ethnography, a comprehensive search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Index, and Sociological Abstracts databases, supplemented by hand searching, was conducted to identify relevant studies. Included studies focused on the transition to adulthood or transfer to adult services for YMC, contained a qualitative research component, and had direct quotes from youth or family participants. Studies were critically appraised, and data were analyzed using meta-ethnographic methods of reciprocal translation and line of argument synthesis. Conceptual data from ten studies were synthesized into six overarching constructs: (1) the nature and process of transition, (2) changing relationships, (3) goals and expectations, (4) actions related to transition, (5) making sense of transition, and (6) contextual factors impacting transition. A conceptual model was developed that explains that youth and families experience dynamic interactions between their goals, actions, and relationships, which are bounded and influenced by the nature, process, and context of transition. Despite the tremendous barriers faced during transition, YMC and their families often demonstrate incredible resilience, perseverance, and resourcefulness in the pursuit of their goals. Implications for how the conceptual model can inform practice, policy, and research are shared. These implications include the need to address emotional needs of youth and families, support families in realizing their visions for the future, promote collaboration among stakeholders, and develop policies to incentivize and support providers in implementing current transition guidelines.
Powerful Qualities Beyond Identity Theory
Authors: Livanios Vassilis
Published: September 2020

Until recently, the powerful qualities view about properties has been effectively identified with the so-called identity theory. Yet, the difficulties that the latter faces (especially concerning the interpretation of its core claim that dispositionality and qualitativity are identical) have led some metaphysicians to propose (at least provisionally) new versions of the powerful qualities view. This paper discusses the prospects of three such versions: the compound view, the higher-order properties theory and the dual aspect account. It is argued that the compound view is in fact property dualism in disguise, while the higher-order properties theory does not by itself provide a metaphysically convincing solution to Armstrong’s dilemma concerning the modal status of the relation between dispositionality and categoricality. Finally, it is argued that it is not clear whether the dual aspect account is distinct from identity theory and pure powerism.
Nonlinear absolute sea-level patterns in the long-term-trend tide gauges of the West Coast of North America
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: September 2020

The research issue of which are the present relative and absolute rates of rise and accelerations for North America is here addressed. The data of the 20 long-term-trend (LTT) tide stations of the West Coast of North America with more than 80 years of recorded data are shown. The absolute rates of rise are computed by considering the absolute vertical velocity of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antennas near the tide gauges, and the relative rate of sea-level rise from the tide gauge signals. The 20 LTT stations along the West Coast of North America show an average relative rate of rise of -0.38 mm/yr., an average acceleration of +0.0012 mm/yr2, and an average absolute rate of rise of +0.73 mm/yr. This is the first paper publishing a comprehensive survey of the absolute sea-level rates of rise along the West Coast of North America using the reliable information of relative sea-level rates of rise from LTT tide gauges plus the absolute subsidence rates from different GNSS antennas close to the tide gauge installations.
Green composites based on Atriplex halimus fibers and PLA matrix
Authors: Boudjema Hayet Latifa , Bendaikha Hayet , Maschke Ulrich
Published: September 2020

This work focuses on the potential use of cellulose fibers extracted from Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) as a filler in the polymeric matrix. The fully biodegradable composites were prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) as matrix and microcellulose fibers ranging from 0 to 15 wt.%. The influence of the fiber content on the structure, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties was evaluated. Mechanical results indicated that fibers acted effectively as reinforcement, increasing the tensile strength and the Young’s modulus of PLA by 25 and 45%, respectively. This is due to the good stress transfer between fibers and matrix through the strong interactions that have been evidenced by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA composites have a slightly lower degradation temperature than the pure PLA, but they still have favorable thermal stability. Water absorption measurements and biodegradability tests showed that the addition of fibers accelerates degradation kinetics and confirm that the prepared composites are an environmentally safe material suited for different applications.
Prediction of muscle loss after stroke by analysis of corticospinal tract
Authors: Lee Ah Young , Choi Kyu Tae , Chang Min Cheol
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Skeletal muscle loss induces a poor rehabilitation outcome after stroke. Little is known about the usefulness of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) findings of the corticospinal tract (CST) in terms of predicting muscle loss in affected limbs after stroke.

Methods

This research was designed as a preliminary study. Forty-four patients, with stroke onset more than one year earlier, were recruited. DTT was performed within 7–30 days after stroke onset. The patients were classified into two groups based on the DTT findings: a DTT+ group, in which the CST was preserved, and a DTT− group, in which the CST was interrupted by the stroke lesion. Additionally, the patients’ functions were evaluated based on the modified Brunnstrom classification and functional ambulation category.

Results

In the DTT− group, the values of the lean tissue mass of the affected upper and lower limbs were smaller than those of the unaffected side. On the other hand, in the DTT+ group, the values of the lean tissue mass between the affected and unaffected limbs were not significantly different.

Conclusion

The DTT evaluation of CST at the early stage of stroke may be useful for predicting muscle loss of the affected limb at the chronic stage in stroke patients.
Fatigue Crack Growth and Threshold Behavior at Ultrasonic Frequencies
Authors: Stanzl S. E. , Tschegg E. K.
Published: September 2020

Fatigue crack growth (Δa/ΔN = f(Kmax) data for several metallic materials were measured, using the 20 kHz ultrasonic resonance stressing method, and compared to 100-Hz frequency measurements. In a noncorrosive environment, a similar Δa/ΔN = f(Kmax) dependence was found for both frequencies, Furthermore, several other features were found to be common to both, for example, (1) a ductile crack propagation mechanism. (2) a Kmax and crack-tip opening displacement-governed crack growth behavior. (3) discontinuous crack propagation, and (4) the existence of a threshold stress intensity.

Therefore, the method is thought to be a useful tool in gaining crack growth data in a manner that saves time, material, and energy. It has great practical value in the low stress-intensity regime.

Measurements in 3.5 percent sodium chloride solution show an environmental influence only at crack growth rates below about 10−9 m/cycle.
A Technique for High-Temperature Creep Displacement Measurement
Authors: Sharpe W. N.
Published: September 2020

A laser-based interferometric technique was used to measure in-plane displacements on center-cracked IN100 specimens at 732°C. The displacement was measured between two indentations 100 μm apart (one on each side of an existing fatigue crack) under short-term creep loading. The very simple experimental setup is described, and some typical results are presented.
A Simplified Test Method for Determining the Low Rate Creep Crack Growth Data
Authors: Shih T. T.
Published: September 2020

A simplified test method for determining the energy rate line integral C* has been developed. This test method involved the application of a constant load to a deeply cracked compact type specimen. C* is calculated from the load, steady-state load-line displacement rate, and crack length. The analytical background for this test method is described, and experimental creep crack growth rate data developed for Type 304 stainless steel at 593°C (1100°F) are used to verify the approach. This simplified test method yielded results consistent with data developed with the more complicated approach originally proposed by Landes and Begley.
Mixed-Mode Dynamic Stress-Intensity Factors from Caustics
Authors: Theocaris P. S. , Papadopoulos G.
Published: September 2020

In this paper the experimental method of reflected caustics was used for the evaluation of the dynamic stress-intensity factors KId and KIId for running cracks propagating under constant velocity. The elastodynamic equations for the reflected caustics formed from light rays reflected from the vicinity of the instantaneous position of the tip of the running crack were established for the case when the crack propagation velocity was considered as constant. The distortion of the form and the relative position of the created caustic for the dynamic case as compared to the respective static one were studied for various types of mixed-mode deformation of the cracked plate. An experimental application of the method to cracked plates made of an elastic and isotropic material [poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)] indicated the potential usefulness of the method.
Crack Propagation Behavior of Induction Hardened D6AC Alloy
Authors: Mattavi J. L.
Published: September 2020

An investigation of the crack propagation behavior of a dual toughness material, induction hardened D6AC alloy, was conducted employing compact tension specimens. The effect of R value, the minimum to maximum load ratio, was included in the investigation. The presence of a hardness transition zone located at the core to case boundary mitigated crack propagation. The greater the R value, the less the suppression in growth rate. Comparison of crack length versus cycles with the through hardened alloy indicates a tenfold to fivefold increase in fatigue life at stress ratios of 0.1 and 0.5, respectively, for the induction hardened alloy. The reduced crack growth behavior can be modeled by the existence of a residual compressive stress-intensity field resulting from the hardening process.
Electric field transformation effect in anisotropic dielectric medium
Authors: Аshcheulov А. А. , Lavreniuk D. А. , Derevianchuk M. Ya.
Published: September 2020

The authors consider the aspects of the electric field distribution in an anisotropic medium and establish how its longitudinal and transverse components depend on the geometric factors. A rectangular plate of dimensions a×b×c is studied, its selected crystallographic axes located in the plane of the side face (a×b), while one of the axes is oriented at a certain angle α to the edge a. It is shown that applying a certain potential difference to the upper and lower faces electrically polarizes the volume of the plate and causes the appearance of the longitudinal and transverse components of the internal electric field. The authors investigate the possibility of transforming the magnitude of the electric field and methods for its optimization. The transformation coefficient of such a device is determined by the anisotropy of the dielectric permeability of the plate material and its shape coefficient k = a/b. The paper considers one of the design options for an anisotropic dielectric transformer and proposes its equivalent electrical circuit. Structural elements based on anisotropic dielectric transformers may be widely used both in power supplies of various electronic devices and for coordination of radar transceiver systems with antenna arrays of centimeter, millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. The possibility of simultaneous transformation of constant and alternating electric fields allows them to be used in devices of simultaneous comparison, enabling to determine the current values of voltage, as well as the power of electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of wavelengths. The vortex nature of the electric field in the plate’s volume caused by the coefficient anisotropy of the dielectric permeability also creates the preconditions for the emergence of new principles for generating high-power electromagnetic radiation in a wide spectral range. The generation frequency of such devices is determined by the geometric dimensions of the anisotropic plate. The use of the described transformation effect will significantly expand the possibilities of practical application of the considered electrostatic phenomena, which will lead to the emergence of a new generation of devices for microwave technology, electronics and electric power.
Medicine Goes to the Opera: Vocal Health and Remedies for Professional Singers of the Belle Époque
Authors: Francis Kimberly , Lachapelle Sofie
Published: September 2020

In July 1892, Dr. Arthur Chervin (1850–1921), director of the Institut des bègues de Paris, was named physician of the Opéra, thus joining the group of health specialists tasked with the care of artists. A recognized specialist of vocal physiology and speech afflictions, Chervin was also the recent founder and editor of La Voix parlée et chantée, a periodical that straddled the worlds of medicine and lyrical performance. Vocal health and medicine, he and his community argued, were key to the execution of vocal prowess and the successful pursuit of lyrical ambitions for singers. This article explores the relationship of medicine and the burgeoning field of laryngology to the world of lyrical training and performance of the Belle Époque. In particular, we focus on the many roles played by laryngologists and physicians at the Opéra and the Conservatoire as well as in the pages of Chervin’s leading medical-musical journal. We argue that concerns driving the medical innovations of the increasingly sophisticated subfield of laryngology evolved in synergy with concerns about how to meet the demands of the changing world of the second half of nineteenth-century Parisian operatic performance. In so doing, we claim for medicine a key position in Paris’s vibrant world of lyrical performance during the Belle Époque.
HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: Reproductive challenges at high altitude: fertility, pregnancy and neonatal well-being
Authors: Moore Lorna G
Published: September 2020

High altitude offers a natural laboratory for studying the effects of chronic hypoxia on reproductive health. Counter to early accounts, fertility (the number of livebirths) appears little affected although stillbirths are more common. Birth weights are lower due to fetal growth restriction, not shortened gestation. Multigenerational (Andean or Tibetan) compared with newcomer residents appear relatively protected from pregnancy loss as well as altitude-associated fetal growth restriction, perhaps due in part to preservation of the normal rise in uterine artery blood flow. Myometrial artery vasodilator response, a key determinant of uterine blood flow, is blunted in healthy Colorado high-altitude residents, similar to what occurs in intrauterine growth restriction or preeclampsia at low altitude. The high-altitude vessels are also more sensitive to the vasodilatory actions of AMP kinase (AMPK) activation. The gene region containing PRKAA1 (coding for AMPK’s alpha-1 catalytic subunit) has been acted upon by natural selection in Andeans and is related to preservation of normal blood flow and fetal growth at high altitude, suggesting one mechanism by which high-altitude adaptation may have been achieved. Preeclampsia is more common at high altitudes but unknown is whether multigenerational residents are protected relative to newcomers. Postnatal loss is diminished in Tibetans vs Han with equal access to health care, perhaps due in part to better maintained arterial O2 saturation during infancy. Finally, pregnancy and intrauterine development not only affect immediate survival but also susceptibility to the later-in-life cardiovascular disease, chronic mountain sickness.
Experiencias de empoderamiento en mujeres trabajadoras del hogar de Turrialba, Costa Rica
Authors: Sojo Mora Blanca Luz
Published: September 2020

Este artículo presenta acciones participativas y formativas desarrolladas en dos comunidades del cantón de Turrialba, provincia de Cartago, para el empoderamiento de mujeres, a partir del Proyecto Empodero de Acción Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica. El objetivo de este artículo es visibilizar los resultados obtenidos de experiencias educativas en el empoderamiento personal y bienestar general de mujeres trabajadoras del hogar, mayores de 18 años y residentes en zonas rurales. Se aplicó un cuestionario basado en la Escala de Agencia Personal y empoderamiento (ESAGE) y variables e indicadores de empoderamiento,  también se llevaron a cabo llamadas telefónicas. Se analizaron las respuestas correspondientes a cada categoría de análisis para comprender las cuestiones que operan de forma subyacente, en contraste con la teoría. Entre los resultados obtenidos: la muestra manifiesta que su participación en las experiencias vividas ha contribuido a que estas mujeres se perciban seguras, capaces, con deseos de superación y con una autoestima fortalecida.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airway and Hyoid Bone Position in Subgroups of Class II Malocclusions
Authors: Buyukcavus Muhammed Hilmi , Kocakara Gönül
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to different Class II malocclusion types in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The retrospective clinical study consisted of patients divided into 3 subgroups with skeletal Class II malocclusion. A total of 221 individuals (131 females and 90 males) were included in the study. Individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into three subgroups as maxillary prognathia, mandibular retrognathia and combined. In the cephalometric analysis; 8 nasopharyngeal, 7 oropharyngeal, 2 hypopharyngeal, 9 hyoid measurements and 4 area measurements were used. The distribution of sex and growth-development stages of the patients were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate patients. Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons for significant parameters. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05 significance level. Results: According to findings, there was no significant difference between the groups in nasopharyngeal airway and area measurements (p>0.05). When the position of the hyoid bone was evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in the measurements of Hy-Pg (mm) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Linear and areal nasopharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class II malocclusions, while the distance of the hyoid bone from the pogonion is less in the mandibular retrognathia group.
O PIBID e a configuração da identidade profissional: uma análise da formação de professores
Authors: Pereira Caroline Mariae , Lopes Tassiana Garcia , Gomes Claudia
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho, com base nos pressupostos da Psicologia Histórico Cultural, discute a configuração da identidade profissional situada no contexto da formação inicial docente. Para tanto, o estudo lançou como objetivo analisar a contribuição das ações formativas desenvolvidas no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID, na configuração da identidade profissional de licenciandos de uma Universidade Federal da região Sul Mineira. O estudo amparado na Epistemologia Qualitativa, contou com a participação de cinco acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Química, que foram acompanhados ao longo das atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do programa de formação PIBID. As informações construídas a partir da entrega de instrumentos de auto preenchimento aos acadêmicos e discussões grupais realizadas puderam ser categorizadas em dois núcleos de significação 1) Reconhecimento e Representação da Carreira Docente e 2) Configurações da identidade docente: condição para a autonomia profissional. Diante das análises, percebeu-se que o programa atua de forma potencializadora na consolidação da formação da identidade profissional e no desenvolvimento de ações reflexivas, ao favorecer processos de ressignificação acerca dos desafios e perspectivas da profissão nos dias atuais.
Identidade cultural, multiculturalismo e educação
Authors: Debus Jose Carlos Santos
Published: September 2020

Análises, concepções e experiências pedagógicas, baseadas no pensamento multicultural na educação escolar se difundiram pelo mundo ocidental como forma de enfrentamento dos conflitos gerados pela globalização e pela tentativa de combater discriminações e preconceitos. Gerando assim, várias teorias que propõe outro olhar para a compreensão do mundo multiculturalizado que envolvem o espaço ensino/aprendizagem. Nossa intenção neste artigo é refletir um pouco dessas teorias que tem mostrado uma nova consciência dentro do pensamento humanista. Nossa reflexão acompanha os estudos de Stuart Hall, Homi Bhabha e Peter McLaren que trazem e indicam novos olhares e novas configurações voltadas ao reconhecimento e à valorização de identidades até então invisíveis ou negadas através de estruturas educacionais monoculturais. Esses estudos evidenciam-se nos meios educacionais refletindo e questionando práticas e discursos curriculares buscando alternativas para compreender o multiculturalismo na pedagogia e no currículo. Para que essa perspectiva continue existindo dentro do campo educacional se faz necessário que haja uma ressignificação das estruturas curriculares que dão sustentação ao modelo atual de ensino e estimule novas reflexões sobre a formação de professores e professoras e garanta a existência das políticas educacionais que até aqui conquistamos.
Atuação de egressos no ambiente socioeconômico oriundos de uma IES comunitária
Authors: Lückmann Luiz Carlos , Cimadon Aristides
Published: September 2020

O texto tem por objetivo analisar como vem materializando-se a inserção de egressos de cursos de graduação no ambiente socioeconômico, oriundos de uma universidade comunitária localizada no interior do Estado de Santa Catarina. Dada a natureza do objeto, optou-se por desenvolver estudo qualitativo-exploratório, ex post facto, a partir de fontes bibliográfica, documental e de pessoas. Os dados primários foram obtidos a partir de questionário aplicado junto a 8.512 egressos de cursos de graduação, compreendendo os anos de 2015, 2016, 2017 e primeiro semestre de 2018. A realidade profissional por eles revelada apresentou-se, por vezes, contraditória ao percurso acadêmico trilhado. Constatou-se, por exemplo, que 30,68% dos egressos avaliaram o currículo de seu curso de graduação como sendo em parte ou totalmente inadequado ao exercício da profissão. Entre os indicadores considerados inadequados estão a formação para o empreendedorismo, a preparação para o exercício profissional e a articulação teoria-prática. Os resultados revelaram ainda serem poucos os egressos a constituírem seu próprio negócio após a conclusão da graduação (15,26%). Constituíram aprendizados diferenciados a realização de estágios, o trabalho de conclusão do curso, a participação em atividades complementares, em eventos e em projetos de pesquisa, extensão ou cultura.
Criança e educação: os direcionamentos curriculares a partir da concepção de infância
Authors: Nogueira Ione Da Silva Cunha , Rando Juliana Silva
Published: September 2020

Ao se pretender estudar as questões relativas à educação, torna-se extremamente relevante contextualizar as concepções de Educação Infantil, de criança e infância. O que é ser criança e qual é sua relação com a infância, são questões que precisam ser respondidas ao se pensar sobre a educação dos pequenos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo buscar na Teoria Crítica, subsídios teórico-metodológicos para se pensar a infância e a educação e as questões que lhe são inerentes. Ao mesmo tempo, teve como proposta, analisar os documentos que articulam os segmentos da educação básica buscando compreender a concepção de infância que lhes serve como base teórica, em especial a Proposta Didática de um Município de Mato Grosso do Sul pesquisado.
Growth of Food Security of the Southern Federal District
Authors: Oborin Matvey
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to identify the ways to improve food security in the Southern Federal District. Food security of the country is provided by regions that have a high potential for sustainable growth in quantitative and qualitative indicators of agricultural production, formation of sustainable forms of regional and interstate strategic cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis. The scientific and theoretical foundations of food security in papers of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed, and the features of strategic directions for the achievement of self-sufficiency in basic food products are determined. The difference in approaches and specific features of the social and economic development of Russia and the natural and climatic potential that influences the formation of agricultural specialization are determined. The study uses general logical research methods, the systematic and situational approach, the analysis of agricultural statistics of the Southern Federal District. The article provides a detailed analysis of indicators of agricultural production in the regions of the Southern Federal District, identifies trends and directions of the development of the crop and livestock industries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the indicators of agricultural production in the regions of the Southern Federal District, identifies trends and directions in the development of the crop and livestock industries. The features of the leading districts that should become the basis of the agricultural strategy in the long term period are revealed. A system of measures that contribute to the improvement of food security in the Southern Federal District has been identified and the methods for their solution have been suggested. The main measure is government support, subsidizing and stimulation of the innovation process. The re-equipment of specialized industrial enterprises should be carried out at a high pace in the conditions of agri-food clusters and network interaction. The analysis of agricultural indicators of the district allows us to draw conclusions about the sufficient level of food security in several regions of the Southern Federal District which have high indicators of quantitative production and ensure a high level of consumption within the region, as well as allow increasing the export of certain product categories. Further development of scientific research in this area should be associated with the formation of areas for project financing of the agro-industrial complex and agriculture in the field of technological modernization, personnel policy, the acquisition of new management and production competencies, and the strengthening of the scientific potential of the crop and livestock industries.
Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Social and Economic Factors on the Level of Crime as a Threat to Russia’s National Security
Authors: Khalikova Albina , Sapozhnikova Ekaterina
Published: September 2020

Criminality is one of the most serious, socially significant problems. Such a negative phenomenon can hinder the social and economic development of the state, hinder the development of state’s favorable image in the world and threaten its national security. In order to avoid such consequences, it is urgent to identify and research the determinants that affect the spread of crime countrywide. The paper is devoted to the determination of the relationship of the crime rate in Russia with the set of social and economic indicators. The relevance of the research is connected with the increased variability of criminality and its constituent elements. The analysis is based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service in 72 Russian regions for the period from 2015 to 2018. With the help of the correlation and regression analysis, it has been found that up to 42% of the variation in the indicator, i.e. the number of registered crimes per 100,000 people of the population, is explained by the factors that characterize the social and economic development and the well-being of society: the state of labor market, housing provision and level of urbanization. The obtained results are faithful to the original data, since the regressor coefficients are statistically significant, and the relationships do not contradict the economic logic. The data processing was made by means of the Gretl software package. It is concluded that a significant impact on the crime rate in Russia over the past 4 years had such factors as unemployment rate, total area of residential premises per inhabitant in average, and share of the urban population in the total population of the region.
Numerical simulation of concrete face rockfill dam seepage: case study of Miaojiaba dam, China
Authors: Gao Shan , Chai Junrui , Cao Jing , Xu Zengguang , Qin Yuan , Wang Mengling , Chai Yixuan
Published: September 2020

Concrete face rockfill dams are widely used in hydropower engineering because of their many advantages. As important structures, if the performance of the concrete face slab and the impervious curtain is weakened, leakages and even serious dam failures can occur. Based on an equivalent quasi-continuum medium model, three-dimensional finite-element numerical simulations of the seepage behaviour of Miaojiaba dam, China, are performed. The seepage field and seepage characteristics, including the phreatic line, maximum hydraulic gradient and seepage discharge, are analysed quantitatively and systematically under various abnormal conditions. The results show that cracks in different areas of the face slab and different degrees of degradation in the impervious curtain influence the seepage field in different ways, with cracks in the lower face slab being the most serious. Ensuring that the face slab and impervious curtain are working as intended is very important for the integrity of the dam. Therefore, the design and construction quality of impervious structures should be strictly controlled. Under abnormal conditions, seepage control should be realised to ensure the safety and stability of concrete face rockfill dams.
Nonlinear dynamic approach to the analysis of memristor parameters instability
Authors: Matyushkin I. V.
Published: September 2020

A general set of ideas related to the memristors modeling is presented. The memristor is considered to be a partially ordered physical and chemical system that is within the “edge of chaos“ from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. The logical and historical relationship of memristor physics, nonlinear dynamics, and neuromorphic systems is illustrated in the form of a scheme. We distinguish the nonlinearity into external ones, when we describe the behavior of an electrical circuit containing a memristor, and internal ones, which are caused by processes in filament region. As a simulation model, the attention is drawn to the connectionist approach, known in the theory of neural networks, but applicable to describe the evolution of the filament as the dynamics of a network of traps connected electrically and quantum-mechanically. The state of each trap is discrete, and it is called an “oscillator“. The applied meaning of the theory of coupled maps lattice is indicated. The high-density current through the filament can lead to the need to take into account both discrete processes (generation of traps) and continuous processes (inclusion of some constructions of solid body theory into the model).However, a compact model is further developed in which the state of such a network is aggregated to three phase variables: the length of the filament, its total charge, and the local temperature. Despite the apparent physical meaning, all variables have a formal character, which is usually inherent in the parameters of compact models. The model consists of one algebraic equation, two differential equations, and one integral connection equation, and is derived from the simplest Strukov’s model. Therefore, it uses the “window function” approach. It is indicated that, according to the Poincare—Bendixon theorem, this is sufficient to explain the instability of four key parameters (switching voltages and resistances ON/OFF) at a cycling of memristor. The Fourier spectra of the time series of these parameters are analyzed on a low sample of experimental data. The data are associated with the TiN/HfOx/Pt structure (0 < x < 2). A preliminary conclusion that requires further verification is the predominance of low frequencies and the stochasticity of occurrence ones.