bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Task Irrelevant Images on Glance Time for In-vehicle Systems
Authors: Domeyer Joshua E , Diptiman Tuhin , Hamada Hiroto , Toyoda Heishiro , Maynard Jason
Published: October 2015

The goal of the present study was to understand how buttons and images affect glance times for in-vehicle tasks. Search tasks that simulated in-vehicle tasks (e.g., radio tuning, navigation) were used to measure these effects. Participants across various age groups were required to select an item (e.g., “Mango”) on each screen that matched a category of items (e.g., “Fruit) that was given at the beginning of the task. For example, a category of “fruit” would have targets of “strawberry” or “mango.” Glance times were collected for each screen to analyze the effects of the number of buttons and presence of images on the display. Additionally, the image detail was varied by using a generic graphic (e.g., polygons) and a photographic image. A regression model showed that the image variable resulted in a small improvement to the “number of buttons” model (∆R2 = .005) but adding the “level of detail” variable (i.e., polygons or photograph) did not. However, the significant effect of images reflected a decrease from the condition with no images. Further analysis showed that the screens with the images had similar variability to the ones without. These results suggest that the effects of task irrelevant images are measurable and should be thought of as similar to other interface elements. Additionally, there does not appear to be a quality in images that causes higher glance time over and above other interface elements. The implications for distraction policy are discussed.
The Effect of Sign Saturation on Driver Speed Limit Compliance in School Zones
Authors: Rahman Md Mahmudur , Strawderman Lesley
Published: October 2015

School zone sign saturation can be defined as the density of the school zones around a reference school zone. This study investigated the effect of school zone sign saturation on vehicle speed and compliance to school zone speed limit. Based on the models of human information processing, the presence of too many school zone signs in a given area could lead to inattention or lack of attention to those signs leading to a non-compliance of the speed limit in school zones. To investigate the effect of sign saturation, vehicle speed data was collected in four school zones. Results found that the vehicle speed is significantly lower and compliance is significantly higher in high saturation school zones.
Human Factors Design Guidelines for V2I Driver-Infrastructure-Interface Displays
Authors: Richard Christian , Philips Brian , Morgan Justin , Graving Justin , Jerome Christian
Published: October 2015

This paper describes an FHWA report developed as part of the Human Factors for Connected Vehicles (HFCV) program, whose goal is to minimize driver workload by eliminating connected vehicle (CV) device-related distractions. The research described in this document is part of an effort to develop initial design guidance for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) safety messages provided using driver–infrastructure interfaces and driver–vehicle interfaces. Existing HFCV research, in addition to research from related domains, was used to develop this preliminary design guidance. The target audiences for this information are CV system designers and other State transportation department personnel involved in the development and implementation of V2I applications that provide safety information.
Navigating Intersections
Authors: Yamani Yusuke , Samuel Siby , Gerardino Luis Roman , Zafian Tracy , Fisher Donald L.
Published: October 2015

Older experienced drivers are at a greater risk of fatal crash involvement at intersections than middle-aged experienced drivers. The present cross-sectional study asked older and middle-aged drivers to maneuver various types of intersections (left turn at a 4-way intersection, right turn at a T-intersection and straight through an intersection) in a driving simulator and measured their frequency of glances towards latent and materializing hazards. Results replicate and extend the original findings by Romoser and Fisher (2009). First, the older drivers executed a smaller proportion of primary glances and secondary glances towards target zones where a latent or materializing hazard occurs than middle-aged experienced drivers. Second, older drivers who executed fewer glances toward the hazard were more likely to crash while navigating intersections. These findings provide further evidence for age-related differences in visual scanning for information critical to road safety at intersections. From a practical standpoint, practitioners can utilize better remedial measures in lieu of these age-specific shortcomings.
User Acceptance of Voice Interfaces in the Automobile
Authors: Lee Chaiwoo , Reimer Bryan , Mehler Bruce , Coughlin Joseph F.
Published: October 2015

New technologies are increasingly being implemented into the automobile. However, little is known about what factors most influence user acceptance. This study investigates factors and relationships described in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use on people’s attitudes and behavioral intentions to use new technologies in the automobile. In particular, this study draws upon in-vehicle voice interfaces as an example of rapidly evolving in-vehicle technologies. An experiment was conducted where an age- and gender-balanced sample of 80 participants completed tasks using voice interface in one of two vehicles while driving on-road. As part of the debriefing, participants answered a structured questionnaire about their experience with the technology. The results confirmed the applicability of TAM for describing the effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use on attitudes and behavioral intentions to use the voice interface in the car, but also suggested a need for extending the model to include a direct effect of perceived ease-of-use on behavioral intentions. Also, comparative analyses between interface types and user characteristics showed that perceptions and acceptance may be influenced more by design attributes and interaction methods than by demographic characteristics such as age or gender.
Honking Helps Overcome the Driving Too Slowly Problem in Driving Simulators
Authors: Jeong Heejin , Green Paul
Published: October 2015

In driving simulators, subjects sometimes drive more slowly than they would on real roads when not attending to driving. To address this problem, in two experiments, groups of 24 subjects drove through 138 intersections with green (53 %), yellow (36 %), or red lights (11 %). The speed limit was 35 mi/hr. In the second experiment, the following vehicle honked as needed.

The number of honks per subject varied from 0 to 6 for driving too slowly (less than 25 mi/hr) and 0 to 8 for delayed responses when a traffic light changed from red to green. Older drivers received 2.4 times more honks than younger drivers. Within 5 s after the following vehicle honked between intersections, the mean speed driven increased by 5 mi/hr. Similarly, with honking, the speed 5 s after the light changed increased by 8 mi/hr, both changes that lead to more realistic driving.
Supporting Human-Automation Interaction in the Rail Industry by Applying Lessons from Aviation
Authors: Sebok Angelia , Wickens Christopher , Laux Lila , Jones Michael
Published: October 2015

This paper describes a project to identify lessons learned from human automation interaction and the aviation industry and apply them to the rail industry. Specifically, the project addresses positive train control (PTC) automation in the locomotive cab. The aviation industry has decades of experience implementing automation on the flight deck. In particular, the flight management system (FMS) has offered numerous challenges and provided many lessons learned that can be applied to the rail industry. Experiences with the FMS indicate that mode complexity and mode transitions are particularly challenging. The current PTC designs have only two modes of operation, thus bypassing many of the FMS challenges. However, the possibility of mode confusion exists. This can occur if the engineer believes that PTC is active, when in fact it is not. Mixed equipage on rail lines, where some – but not all – segments of track are instrumented with PTC equipment, make this mode confusion a relevant concern.
The effects of task demand on crew performance in simulated military land vehicles
Authors: Hoggan Benjamin L , Lenné Michael G , Fidock Justin , Stuart Geoff , Aidman Eugene
Published: October 2015

New field vehicles, soon to be acquired by the Australian Army, will incorporate advanced in-vehicle information systems whose impact on operator workload and crewing requirements are yet to be examined. Three simulation studies were conducted as an exploration of the impact of existing and potential task demands on field vehicle crew performance. Army participants operated in driver/co-driver crews, performing in-vehicle tasks broadly analogous to those required in real-world field vehicles. Individual and crew performance was assessed under systematically manipulated task demands. Substantial declines in performance with time-on-task were found on simple repetitive vigilance and monitoring tasks, especially under the lowest task demand conditions. Increasing task demands or complexity generally helped mitigate those declines, but with a potential cost to overall performance. The results support effort regulation theory, with evidence of under-mobilization of engagement, effort and resources under monotonous, low demand conditions. Adaptive in-vehicle systems that monitor performance and allocate tasks to operators according to their functional state may prove beneficial. Study limitations and future studies in this area are discussed.
How High is High? A Meta-Analysis of NASA-TLX Global Workload Scores
Authors: Grier Rebecca A.
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of over 1000 global NASA Task Load Index (TLX; Hart & Staveland, 1988) scores from over 200 publications. This analysis is similar to that which was suggested by Hart (2006). The frequency distributions and measures of central tendency presented will aid practitioners in understanding global NASA-TLX scores observed in system tests.
Envy In V&V
Authors: Boring Ronald Laurids
Published: October 2015

Verification and validation (V&V) as applied in the nuclear power community has tended to involve efforts such as integrated system validation, which comes at the tail end of the design stage. In this opinion paper, I suggest the value of early-stage V&V and highlight how this early-stage V&V can help improve the design process for control room modernization. I argue that there is a need to overcome two shortcomings of V&V in current practice—the propensity for late-stage V&V and the use of increasingly complex psychological assessment measures for V&V.
Capturing Data during User Research
Authors: Karn Keith , Ross James , Mauro Charles , Israelski Edmond , Tannen Rob
Published: October 2015

Facilitating a user research session can be a juggling act involving many competing considerations, even without the added pressure of accurately capturing the experience for later analysis. In this panel, we will talk about how to balance capturing user research data in a way that minimizes burdens on researchers and participants. We will also address ways to minimize the work necessary later in analysis.
Translating Usability Test Data into Client-Ready Findings and Recommendations
Authors: Davis Kristen , Douglas Dana
Published: October 2015

In recent years, user experience research (particularly usability testing) has become increasingly widespread. One reason for the increased popularity is the scrutiny many highly-publicized websites receive as a result of a poor user experience. Organizations are now focusing more on user experience and are seeking researchers to conduct usability testing, perhaps without fully appreciating the type of data this research can provide and how that data should be interpreted.

We will identify and discuss best practices for researchers who are collecting, analyzing, and presenting usability test data to help them provide clear, actionable findings and recommendations that clients can understand. We discuss what types of data can be collected depending on the product being evaluated, what conclusions can be gleaned from different types of data, and which tools can be used to make the analysis more efficient.
The Effect of Cognitive-Based Training Interventions on Driver Speed Management Behavior
Authors: Krasnova Oleksandra , Molesworth Brett , Williamson Ann
Published: October 2015

Poor speed management is one of the leading causes of car crashes involving young drivers in Australia. The aim of the present study was to examine the utility of cognitive training methods (Self-explanation, Reflection, and Feedback) in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior. One hundred and two young drivers completed three test drives using a computer-based driving simulator. The results showed that cognitive training methods reduced young drivers’ tendency to exceed the speed limit. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.
Assessing memory decay rate
Authors: Rowan Charles P.
Published: October 2015

Threat vehicle identification (TVI) is a key warfighter task that is susceptible to memory decay. This research investigates the best predictors of performance decrement in TVI. Thirty U.S. military officers were randomly assigned to groups that trained on TVI using 10 thermal and 10 visible vehicle images on the U.S. Army’s Recognition of Combat Vehicles (ROC-V) program. Groups returned once at 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 days after initial training. Participants also completed a recognition memory test (RMT) for memory assessment. The results indicate that memory does not decay exponentially for the TVI task. However, participants performed significantly worse on thermal images than visible images. The RMT scores and training time were significant performance predictors. The tests in ROC-V were found to not be representative of the real world task. Results of this study could help reduce the risk of fratricide by addressing this gap in TVI training.
Review of Combat Identification Training
Authors: Keebler Joseph R. , Smith Dustin C. , Patzer Brady , Plummer John P. , Jentsch Florian , Palmer Evan
Published: October 2015

Combat identification (CID) has been studied throughout the 20th and into the 21st century, with a renewed interest in the topic in the past few decades. CID research has demonstrated that an emerging set of technologies could potentially mitigate some of the negative battlefield outcomes of failures in CID, including high rates of fratricide due to friendly fire. This paper discusses major CID research and provides an update on previous CID research by the authors. We review training technologies, effective measurement tools in this research, and important individual differences to consider for others researching training outcomes in relation to learning to differentiate between highly similar combat vehicles.
Study the Headway Distance and Physiological Responses of Driver Distraction – An experiment on Networked Multi-Drivers Simulator
Authors: Samareh Aven , Xu Jing , Benneyan James C. , Lin Yingzi
Published: October 2015

This study aimed to find the interactive behaviors between drivers and the effect of distractions on driving. In this project, 14 subjects conducted a two trials car-following driving tasks at with/without distraction conditions. The auditory distraction was a recorded sound, and subjects were asked to repeat certain numbers at different time of driving. This experiment was conducted on a new simulation framework – a Networked Multi-Drivers Simulator- by replacing the lead car driver by pre-trained driver instead of driver model to enhance the fidelity feeling of subject. The Headway distance (HD) and physiological parameters including heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were measured. ANOVA and back wise regression were conducted to infer the level of inattentiveness for several factors such as driver’s gender, stress and distraction levels and their cause-effect relationships. The experimental validation showed that the contact physiological features were not significant factors for inferring the distraction state of a driver.
Studying Human Relatedness through a Shared Gaming Experience
Authors: Cunningham Rachel , Alex Leo , Frederick Christina , Via Christopher , Kring Jason
Published: October 2015

The importance of relatedness in collocated multiplayer video games should not be underestimated. Interpersonal relationships, which develop from social interactions that occur during gameplay, contribute to player motivation and meaningful and memorable experiences for the players. In this study we examined how interpersonal touch within a gameplay experience impacted player motivation and inter-player impressions. Dyads played one of two iPad-based games in three different conditions, one of which required physical contact between the players. Results indicated those in the touch-based conditions scored higher on several measures of intrinsic motivation and impressions of their teammate.
Presence and Performance as a Function of Teammate Agency and Individual Differences in a Video Game
Authors: Proaps Alexandra B. , Long Shelby K. , Cowan Magan , Sandberg Hilary M.
Published: October 2015

Past research has examined the effects of agency on human performance and affect (e.g., Nowak & Biocca, 2001; Weibel et al., 2008), but results and design recommendations are still inconclusive. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the individual differences in video game efficacy, immersive tendency, avatar characteristics, and the way avatars impact presence and performance within a game-based training environment. Twenty six college students were told they were working with either a computer-programmed teammate or a human teammate who provided information about how to complete twelve specific tasks in a first-person shooter game, Arma 3TM. Mean comparisons indicate some differences in performance and presence as a function of teammate agency, but none of these differences were statistically significant due to low observed power. We conclude that this common method of manipulating teammate agency in the literature may not be salient for some tasks.
Patient Outcomes and Predictors of Success After Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Johnson William R. , Makani Amun , Wall Andrew J. , Hosseini Ali , Hampilos Perry , Li Guoan , Gill Thomas J.
Published: October 2015

Background:

Patient outcomes and predictors of success after revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are currently limited in the literature. Existing studies either have a small study size or are difficult to interpret because of the multiple surgeons involved in the care of the study sample.

Purpose:

To determine patient outcomes and predictors of success or failure after a single-stage revision ACL reconstruction by a single fellowship-trained senior surgeon at a single institution.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 78 patients who underwent revision ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2014 were contacted and available for follow-up. The mean time from revision procedure to follow-up was 52 months. Those patients who were able to participate in the study sent in a completed Tegner activity level scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, and IKDC Current Health Assessment Form. The patients’ medical records were also thoroughly reviewed.

Results:

Five patients had subsequent failure after revision surgery. The median Tegner score was 6 at follow-up, and the mean subjective IKDC score was 72.5. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome scores when comparing revision graft type, body mass index, sex, need for bone grafting, and time from failure to revision. Patients with failures after primary ACL reconstruction secondary to a traumatic event were found to have statistically significantly higher IKDC scores (mean, 76.6) after revision when compared with nontraumatic failures (mean, 67.1), even when controlling for confounders ( P < .017).

Conclusion:

Revision ACL reconstruction is effective in improving patient activity levels and satisfaction. However, the subjective IKDC results are quite variable and likely based on multiple factors. Patients with traumatic injuries contributing to graft failure after primary ACL reconstruction had a statistically significantly, although not clinically significant, higher IKDC score after revision surgery compared with nontraumatic failures. These data may be useful when counseling a patient on whether to pursue revision ACL reconstruction surgery.
Primary Care Clinics and Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: Ortiz Judith , Tang Chiung-Ya , Lin Yi-Ling , Masri Maysoun D.
Published: October 2015

Background:

The Accountable Care Organization (ACO) is one of the new models of health care delivery in the United States. To date, little is known about the characteristics of health care organizations that have joined ACOs. We report on the findings of a survey of primary care clinics, the objective of which was to investigate the opinions of clinic management about participation in ACOs and the characteristics of clinic organizational structure that may contribute to joining ACOs or be willing to do so.

Methods:

A 27-item survey questionnaire was developed and distributed by mail in 3 annual waves to all Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) in 9 states. Two dependent variables—participation in ACOs and willingness to join ACOs—were created and analyzed using a generalized estimating equation approach.

Results:

A total of 257 RHCs responded to the survey. A small percentage (5.2%) of the respondent clinics reported that they were participating in ACOs. Rural Health Clinics in isolated areas were 78% less likely to be in ACOs (odds ratio = 0.22, P = .059). Nonprofit RHCs indicated a higher willingness to join an ACO than for-profit RHCs (B = 1.271, P = .054). There is a positive relationship between RHC size and willingness to join an ACO (B = 0.402, P = .010).

Conclusion:

At this early stage of ACO development, many RHC personnel are unfamiliar with the ACO model. Rural providers’ limited technological and human resources, and the lack of ACO development in rural areas, may delay or prevent their participation in ACOs.
Low ADAMTS13 activity is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke
Authors: Sonneveld Michelle A. H. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Portegies Marileen L. P. , Kavousi Maryam , Hofman Albert , Turecek Peter L. , Rottensteiner Hanspeter , Scheiflinger Fritz , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Leebeek Frank W. G.
Published: October 2015

Key Points

Low ADAMTS13 activity is associated with ischemic stroke. ADAMTS13 activity improved the accuracy of ischemic stroke risk predictions beyond the traditional risk factors.
TALEN-mediated genetic inactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor in cytomegalovirus-specific T cells
Authors: Menger Laurie , Gouble Agnes , Marzolini Maria A. V. , Pachnio Annette , Bergerhoff Katharina , Henry Jake Y. , Smith Julianne , Pule Martin , Moss Paul , Riddell Stanley R. , Quezada Sergio A. , Peggs Karl S.
Published: October 2015

Key Points

The GR gene can be inactivated in Streptamer-selected CMV-specific CD8+ T cells using TALEN. The GR gene inactivation endows T cells with resistance to the immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids in vitro and in vivo.
European structural funds during the crisis: evidence from Southern Italy
Authors: Ciani Emanuele , de Blasio Guido
Published: October 2015

We investigate the effectiveness of European Structural Funds on employment, population and house prices in 325 Local Labor Markets (LLM) located in Southern Italy. We exploit the variability in disbursements between 2007 and 2013 and estimate the impact of the interventions by allowing for LLM-specific fixed features and LLM-specific time trends. We find that the ability of these funds to offset the negative consequences of the economic crisis seems to have been limited.
Public Discourse and Models of Womanhood in Yucatán, 1870–1902
Authors: Campos García Melchor
Published: October 2015

In 1870, the women's association La Siempreviva established a school for girls and a journal of the same name; it both exposed the gender gap in educational opportunities and championed women's emancipation, which challenged patriarchal norms. Yet by 1872, La Siempreviva had abandoned its journal and the public debate on women's emancipation. While La Siempreviva directed the Instituto Literario de Niñas in 1877–1879 and in 1886–1902, men from various social sectors publicly discussed multiple models of womanhood, ranging from the Catholic Marian ideal to the conservative “angel of the house” and the model of Hypatia promoted by Protestants and freethinkers. This article analyzes La Siempreviva's drive to reform traditional gender roles and expand women's rights while tracing how this bargaining resulted in a new model of gender during the Porfiriato marked by the double shift.
“To Fight These Powerful Trusts and Free the Medical Profession”: Medicine, Class Formation, and Revolution in Cuba, 1925–1935
Authors: Rodriguez Daniel A.
Published: October 2015

This essay explores the radicalization of the Cuban medical class in the context of the economic and political crises of the late 1920s and early 1930s. Organized under the Cuban Medical Federation, physicians targeted Havana's Spanish-run hospital system for its low wages and unfair practices. During these years, an active campaign to overthrow the dictatorship of Gerardo Machado influenced a new generation of young doctors and medical students, who pushed the federation to link its class interests to the broader political and social problems of the Cuban people. I argue that the social forces unleashed with the 1933 fall of Machado transformed the medical class, leading to increased support for the radical reconfiguration of Cuban medical practice. After a painful medical strike, the failure of international mediation efforts, and increased government hostility to the federation, the Cuban medical class increasingly pushed for the radical expansion of the public medical sector.
Abortion, Abortion, Abortion, Still: Documentary Show and Tell
Authors: Warren Shilyh
Published: October 2015

In dozens of abortion documentaries, in both traditional media and today's wider swath of digital media platforms, telling has been successfully mobilized to construct a collective, visible, political subject who demands a universalized set of legal and social rights over her reproductive capacities, desires, and possibilities. And yet, despite decades of productive telling, reproductive rights advocates are arguably losing the culture war over abortion. I argue that the feminist audiovisual campaign in support of abortion has failed to fully exploit the possibilities of showing. Both of these strains of feminist documentary—those that show and those that tell—wind their way back to the early 1970s and continue to resonate in contemporary digital media productions. Although the now-dominant tradition of telling has been vital to the production of feminist subjectivity, I explore why the audiovisual struggle over abortion rights may require additional emphasis on showing.
Preface: Critique of Naturalizing Reason
Authors: Delphy Christine
Published: October 2015

This text, which is translated here for the first time in English, is taken from the “Preface” to The Main Enemy, Volume Two: Thinking Gender (2001). It is a companion piece to the 1993 essay “Rethinking Sex and Gender” (first published in French in 1991).
Understanding the Nature of Indigenous Youth Activism in Canada: Idle No More as a Resumptive Pedagogy
Authors: Friedel Tracy L.
Published: October 2015

Idle No More has proven to be an important movement in the politicizing of Native rights and environmental issues in Canada and internationally, evidenced by the network of solidarity that quickly formed during the initial stages of organizing. Coordinated and articulated through massive online and social media coverage, Round Dances, very often organized by Indigenous youth, were an important means of expressing cultural sovereignty and political dissent. Not to be lost in the performative features of this dissent are the links to Indigenous peoples' historical resistance to past political organizing and cultural persistence in the face of countless arbitrary enactments of colonial state laws seeking to undermine Indigenous sovereignty. In highlighting the culturally sovereign practices associated with Idle No More as fundamental to a resumptive pedagogy, interlaced by cultural and political activism, we are witnesses to teaching and learning methods that seek to engage Indigenous youth not for the purpose of radicalizing them but, rather, to prepare them to honor a long history of asserting rights and fulfilling responsibilities, as these responsibilities are associated with legacies of precolonial epistemologies.
Exploring the HIFs, buts and maybes of hypoxia signalling in disease: lessons from zebrafish models
Authors: Elks Philip M. , Renshaw Stephen A. , Meijer Annemarie H. , Walmsley Sarah R. , van Eeden Fredericus J.
Published: October 2015

A low level of tissue oxygen (hypoxia) is a physiological feature of a wide range of diseases, from cancer to infection. Cellular hypoxia is sensed by oxygen-sensitive hydroxylase enzymes, which regulate the protein stability of hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-α) transcription factors. When stabilised, HIF-α binds with its cofactors to HIF-responsive elements (HREs) in the promoters of target genes to coordinate a wide-ranging transcriptional programme in response to the hypoxic environment. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery of the HIF-1α transcription factor, and in recent years the HIF-mediated hypoxia response is being increasingly recognised as an important process in determining the outcome of diseases such as cancer, inflammatory disease and bacterial infections. Animal models have shed light on the roles of HIF in disease and have uncovered intricate control mechanisms that involve multiple cell types, observations that might have been missed in simpler in vitro systems. These findings highlight the need for new whole-organism models of disease to elucidate these complex regulatory mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of hypoxia and HIFs in disease that have emerged from studies of zebrafish disease models. Findings from such models identify HIF as an integral player in the disease processes. They also highlight HIF pathway components and their targets as potential therapeutic targets against conditions that range from cancers to infectious disease.
Low Frequency Experimental Analysis of Dry Friction Damping in Cable Isolators
Authors: Guzmán-Nieto Michelle , Tapia-González Pablo E. , Ledezma-Ramírez Diego F.
Published: October 2015

Mechanical vibrations normally produce adverse effects in structures, machinery and people. One of the most used methods of vibration control is vibration isolation. Amongst the different configurations of isolators, wire rope springs, also known as cable isolators are used for their high capacities of energy storage and dissipation, which is based on dry friction. As a result, they are used in extreme applications such as aeronautical, military, naval, and others involving high vibration and shock levels. An experimental analysis of the quantification of dry friction damping is presented in this paper, estimating the damping by two methods, namely a low frequency sinusoidal input to obtain the hysteresis loops, then a broadband frequency excitation in order to estimate the modal damping. It is found that there is an optimum value of deflection and load on the springs that produce the highest energy dissipation; a similar trend is observed in the two methods considered. This will give more insight into understanding the mechanism of energy dissipation and use of this information to improve the design of vibration isolators.
Sound Transmission Loss of a Panel Backed by a Small Enclosure
Authors: Ruber Karel , Kanapathipillai Sangarapillai , Randall Robert
Published: October 2015

Sound transmission loss (STL) tests of acoustic insulation panels are commonly performed in large reverberation rooms. Large size rooms are required by acoustic standards to ensure that a large number of modes can be excited in the frequency range of interest, to create a diffuse sound field. However for STL measurements in low frequency range small enclosures should be able to provide adequate homogenous sound fields, namely ‘pressure sound fields’. The expected effect of the air sealed in an enclosure backing a panel, is to increase the stiffness of the panel artificially raising the first natural frequency of the panel, which corresponds to a minimum value in the STL spectrum. In this paper the influence of the air cavity's added stiffness on the panel STL is investigated in detail. As expected the effect of the sealed air is to increase the plate stiffness and as a result to increase the frequency of its first natural mode, however the effect on the STL in this frequency region is unexpectedly insignificant which removes the need for correcting STL measurements using small enclosures in low frequency range-around their first natural frequency of the panels.
Should adults with type 2 diabetes be screened for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?
Authors: Zhao Yanglu , Wong Nathan
Published: October 2015

Diabetes mellitus is associated with greater risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Multiple noninvasive screening tools for CVD including cardiac CT, carotid intima-media thickness test, myocardial perfusion imaging have been examined in those with diabetes, but the prognostic value of these tests vary and issues remain regarding their cost-benefit ratios, potential harms of radiation, and how they fit into screening algorithms for CVD. We discuss in this report the needs and criteria for screening tests and summarize the evidence from observational studies and clinical trials. We also explore whether there should be more sensitive screening modalities to better detect both short and long-term cardiovascular risk among asymptomatic patients with diabetes.
Cancer Genomics
Authors: Mardis Elaine
Published: October 2015

Modern cancer genomics has emerged from the combination of the Human Genome Reference, massively parallel sequencing, and the comparison of tumor to normal DNA sequences, revealing novel insights into the cancer genome and its amazing diversity. Recent developments in applying our knowledge of cancer genomics have focused on the utility of these data for clinical applications. The emergent results of this translation into the clinical setting already are changing the clinical care and monitoring of cancer patients.
Early lessons from schistosomiasis mass drug administration programs
Authors: Secor W. Evan
Published: October 2015

Mass drug administration using praziquantel is the backbone of the current strategy for the control of schistosomiasis. As the theoretical plans have moved into practical application, certain challenges with this approach have surfaced, and it is likely that annual mass drug administration alone may not be sufficient to achieve program goals. However, mass drug administration is still the only available intervention that can be readily used in the wide variety of settings where schistosomiasis is endemic. The task then becomes how to improve this approach and identify what adjuncts to mass drug administration are effective, as programs move from morbidity control to elimination goals. Other aspects worthy of consideration include how best to employ new diagnostic tools to more easily identify where treatment is needed, and new formulations of praziquantel to extend the availability of treatment to all age groups. The aim of this review is to highlight both areas of challenge and of opportunity to improve the public health impact of schistosomiasis control programs.
INVOLVEMENT OF INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY TO IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTH POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA: PROBLEMATIC ASPECT
Authors: Комарова  , Komarova Marina
Published: October 2015

The article is devoted to actual problems of the development of civil society in the context of modern youth policy. The author reveals the structure, features of civil society, as well as the main approaches to understanding of its contents. The author points out the role of youth organizations, defines the value of such categories as civic initiative, civic duty, civic conscience, citizenship. The influence of border or hybrid forms of youth policy for the development of civil society in Russia is considered.
FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS OF SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BRYANSK REGION)
Authors: Сережкина  , Serezhkina K.
Published: October 2015

The article deals with frontier cooperation as the actual direction of foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The author examines the regulatory framework of frontier cooperation, on the example of the Bryansk region objectively determined development of the relations of the border regions is shown.
ABOUT MACROECONOMIC PURPOSE OF THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE BALANCED MACROECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Владимиров  , Vladimirov S.
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this article is a theoretical substantiation of the possibility of DOS reaches the maximum possible public efficiencies of government spending, investments and taxes in perfect condition coordination bath open economic system. The proposed model can always bring in the ideal case («zero-loss" public effectively scope of public expenditure and investment) to the maximum possible rate of economic growth, that allows you to substantiate the main directions of the relevant macroeconomic (fiscal, tax and budget) policy.
Poetik des chinesischen Logogramms
Authors: Schmitt Sebastian
Published: October 2015

Literarische Texte entziehen sich wie fremdartige Kulturen stetig einem endlichen Verständnis und damit einer endlichen Deutung. Fragen literarischer und kultureller Hermeneutik verschränken sich im poetologischen Motiv der ostasiatischen Zeichenschrift, das seit der Aufklärung einen festen Platz in den Denkgebäuden abendländischer Denker einnimmt und um 1900 konjunkturell in der deutschsprachigen Literatur auftritt. Sebastian Schmitt zeigt, wie die Schriftsteller Canetti, Hofmannsthal, Kellermann, Dauthendey, Döblin, May und Bierbaum das traditionsreiche Motiv verwenden, das stetig Fragen der Poetologie mit Fragen der kulturellen Alienität verbindet und es ermöglicht, Mehrwert aus dem Kontakt mit dem inkommensurablen Fremden zu ziehen.
Architektur und Kommunikation
Authors: Gutzmer Alexander
Published: October 2015

Wie kommuniziert Architektur? Wie kommunizieren Unternehmen mit Architektur? Und wie kommuniziert die digitale Medienwelt über Architektur? Der Kulturwissenschaftler und Architekturjournalist Alexander Gutzmer geht diesen Fragen - und damit der Medialität der gebauten Realität - auf den Grund. Auf Basis von Theorien des architektonischen Erlebens und der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie zeichnet er ein reiches Bild einer architektonisch geprägten Welt - und einer medial und kulturell beeinflussten Architektur.
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Authors: - -
Published: October 2015

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Effect of basalt aggregates and plasticizer on the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Mohammad , Shaqadan Ashraf
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using basalt aggregates and plasticizers in concrete mixes. An elaborate experimental program that included a variation of plasticizer and basalt in concrete mixes. The laboratory investigation included measurements of sieve analysis, compressive strength, and slump test. The compressive test was evaluated at 7, 14, 28 days of curing time. The results show significant improvement in concrete strength up to 2% of additive plasticizer after that concrete strength was reduced.
Controlling Partnering Relations In Construction Operations Using Fuzzy Reasoning
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina E. , Szewczyk B.
Published: October 2015

The article presents the use of the Mamdani fuzzy reasoning model to develop a proposal of a system controlling partnering relations in construction projects. The system input variables include: current assessments of particular partnering relation parameters, the weights of these parameters' impact on time, cost, quality and safety of implementation of construction projects, as well as the importance of these project assessment criteria for its manager. For each of the partnering relation parameters, the project’s manager will receive control recommendations. Moreover, the parameter to be improved first will be indicated. The article contains a calculation example of the system's operations.
The Evaluation Of Algorithms For Determination Of The Reliability Index
Authors: Dudzik A. , Radoń U.
Published: October 2015

The study deals with stability and dynamic problems in bar structures using a probabilistic approach. Structural design parameters are defined as deterministic values and also as random variables, which are not correlated. The criterion of structural failure is expressed by the condition of non-exceeding the admissible load multiplier and condition of non-exceeding the admissible vertical displacement. The Hasofer-Lind index was used as a reliability measure. The primary research tool is the FORM method. In order to verify the correctness of the calculations Monte Carlo and Importance Sampling methods were used. The sensitivity of the reliability index to the random variables was defined. The limit state function is not an explicit function of random variables. This dependence was determined using a numerical procedure, e.g. the finite element methods. The paper aims to present the communication between the STAND reliability analysis program and the KRATA and MES3D external FE programs.
Third-order differential subordination
and superordination involving
a fractional operator
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha W. , Ahmad Muhammad Zaini , Al-Janaby Hiba F.
Published: October 2015

The third-order differential subordination and the corresponding differential superordination problems for
a new linear operator convoluted the fractional integral operator with the Carlson-Shaffer operator, are investigated in
this study. The new operator satisfies the required first-order differential recurrence (identity) relation. This property
employs the subordination and superordination methodology. Some classes of admissible functions are determined,
and these significant classes are exploited to obtain fractional differential subordination and superordination results.
The new third-order differential sandwich-type outcomes are investigated in subsequent research.
A parametric approach to kinship hypothesis testing using identity-by-descent parameters
Authors: García-Magariños Manuel , Egeland Thore , López-de-Ullibarri Ignacio , Hjort Nils L. , Salas Antonio
Published: October 2015

There is a large number of applications where family relationships need to be determined from DNA data. In forensic science, competing ideas are in general verbally formulated as the two hypotheses of a test. For the most common paternity case, the null hypothesis states that the alleged father is the true father against the alternative hypothesis that the father is an unrelated man. A likelihood ratio is calculated to summarize the evidence. We propose an alternative framework whereby a model and the hypotheses are formulated in terms of parameters representing identity-by-descent probabilities. There are several advantages to this approach. Firstly, the alternative hypothesis can be completely general. Specifically, the alternative does not need to specify an unrelated man. Secondly, the parametric formulation corresponds to the approach used in most other applications of statistical hypothesis testing and so there is a large theory of classical statistics that can be applied. Theoretical properties of the test statistic under the null hypothesis are studied. An extension to trios of individuals has been carried out. The methods are exemplified using simulations and a real dataset of 27 Spanish Romani individuals.
Detektion von Lufteinschlüssen bei der Kleberaupenapplikation
Authors: Kölmel Adrian , Bareis Jan , Stefan Lucian , Heinrich Andreas , Lanza Gisela
Published: October 2015

Die Klebetechnik gewinnt als zukunftsträchtige, variabel
einsetzbare Fügetechnik immer mehr an Bedeutung. Um Ausschuss zu
vermeiden und Prozesse steuern zu können, müssen
zerstörungsfreie Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen in die
Prozessketten integriert werden. Ultraschallbasierte Messkonzepte
bieten hierfür eine mögliche Lösung zur Detektion von
qualitätskritischen Lufteinschlüssen bei der Applikation von
Kleberaupen.
Investigation of the heat transfer in a square microchannel with Al2O3-H2O nanofluids
Authors: Irwansyah Ridho , Massing Julian , Cierpka Christian , Kähler Christian J.
Published: October 2015

The progressing miniaturisation and increasing power demand of
microelectronic devices require efficient cooling systems to avoid
thermal damage. Future cooling systems have to be capable of dealing
with heat loads of more than 200 W/cm2, at small temperature
differences. However, the convective heat transfer in microchannels is
limited due to the laminar flow regime. Nanofluids, i. e. fluids with
suspended particles of nanometer size, have been shown to enhance the
heat transfer. Nevertheless, their potential was recently
controversially discussed in the literature. Therefore, reliable
experimental heat transfer investigations are necessary to understand
the underlying physical phenomena and help to establish design rules
for future microelectronic cooling systems. For this reason the aim of
the current study was to design and test a platform for the
characterization of the fluid flow and the heat transfer in a straight
microchannel. The heat transfer using pure water and water with
30–60 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles were investigated at two
different volume concentrations, 1% and 2.5% and
Reynolds numbers ranging from 70 to 300. The results imply that the
experimental platform allows for reliable and reproducible
measurements of heat transfer and its sensitivity to the appropriated
fluid and the flow properties. It could be shown that the heat
transfer coefficient can be enhanced by up to 5.5% using
2.5% water-Al2O3 nanofluids compared to distilled
water.
Modular ultrasound platform for flow mapping in magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Mäder Kevin , Nauber Richard , Beyer Hannes , Klaß Arne , Thieme Norman , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen
Published: October 2015

Flow control based on time-dependent magnetic fields is used in
various industrial processes involving liquid metals, i. e. during the
solidification process of silicon to improve the quality and
efficiency of wafers. In order to investigate the interactions between
spatiotemporal-varying magnetic fields and conductive fluids numerical
simulations are performed. The numerical models are verified by model
experiments with opaque low-melting alloys. A suitable measurement
technique for flow mapping in such model experiments is ultrasound
Doppler velocimetry. In contrast to conventional systems employing
transducers with fixed sound field our approach is to use a phased
array with the ability to focus and steer its acoustic field. We
present the Phased Array Ultrasound Doppler Velocimeter (PAUDV) for
flow mapping in magnetohydrodynamics. With its custom host software
for control and signal processing experiments that are flexible
regarding the experimental setup can be defined.