bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of 2-Thioxo Imidazolidin-4-Ones in male rats exposed to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide in drinking water
Authors: Ja Jiheel M. , Zayir Samar Abdullaha , Abdullahab Sallal A. H.
Published: October 2022

In the present study, a new Thioxoimidazolidine derivative had been preparedasligand, L=(3{(E)[(4bromophenyl) methyldenamino2sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-one. This ligand was synthesized by the reaction of 4-bromobenzaldehyde with thiosemicarbazide, then, the product was reacted with chloroethylacetate in an ethanol medium. The final product was isolated and characterized by suitable physical measurements, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, GC-mass spectrophotometer, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis (CHNS). for assessment of the antioxidant activity of this new ligand in vivo we used twenty-four mature albino male rats divided into three equal groups, the first group served as control and received a normal diet and drank from tap water, while the other groups received a normal diet and drinking of 0.5%hydrogen peroxide, third group dosage by 50mg/kg of Thioxoimidazolidine daily. The results showed a decrease in GSH Catalase and total antioxidant concentrations of animals of selected groups when treated with 0.5% v/v of hydrogen peroxide, while a significant elevation in serum GSH, Catalase, and total antioxidant concentrations in another group after treatment with Thioxoimidazolidine of ligand.
Expression of VEGF in breast cancer
Authors: Divya J Divya J , Prathipaa R Prathipaa R , Keerthini G Keerthini G
Published: October 2022

Background: To evaluate the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in breast cancer patients. Materials & methods: A total of 40 patients were enrolled. Mean age of the patients was 47.5 years. Biopsy specimens were obtained and were subjected with H and E staining. For VEGF marker, IHC staining was done. Segregation of subjects was done on the basis of VEGF expression. Univariate analysis was done for assessing the factors associated with positive expression of VEGF in breast cancer. All the results were recorded and were analysed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 40 patients were enrolled. Mean BMI was 25.5 kg/m2 . Majority had a positive expression of VEGF. Positive smoking history with positive VEGF was 20 and showed significant p- value. Positive family history of cancer and mean tumour size were also significant. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients are associated with enhanced expression of VEGF.
Recent developments in bioactive pulp capping materials (direct and indirect)
Authors: Khan Asma Munir
Published: October 2022

The field of dentistry is rapidly shifting its focus toward biologically active restorative materials. Bioactive materials are those capable of inducing and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue and remineralizing demineralized dentinal structure as a vital dental pulp is necessary for the long-term healthy survival of a tooth. Vital pulp therapy intends to protect and prevail the vitality of pulp tissue which gets compromised when subjected to mutilating factors like dental caries, trauma, and operative or restorative procedures. During the therapy, the said bioactive material initially forms a non-irritant protective bridge over the vital pulp and later stimulates the pulpal odontoblasts to produce a reparative dentinal barrier which later forms a barrier and protects the underlying pulp’s vitality. The vitality of a tooth needs to be intact protected because the consensus reports that endodontically treated teeth, particularly molars, reportedly have a reduced survival probability than the vital teeth. [1] These factual arguments lead to the development of biologically active restorative materials. This review article intends to provide a review of the modern products introduced in the category of bioactive restorative materials.
Homocysteine level in obese people with corona virus patients in Iraq
Authors: Abduljawad Ahmed Ridha , Ali Muntadher Mohammad , Judi Falah
Published: October 2022

Background: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, it has affected >200 countries, areas, or territories in 6 continents. At present, whether COVID-19 has an effect on thyroid function is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function in iraqi patients with COVID-19.  Methods: Clinical features, laboratory results, and real time PCR were reviewed for 60 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 without a history of thyroid disease. They were admitted to the Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital; Iraq between September and December 2021. Healthy participants who underwent routine physical checkups and non-COVID-19 patients the study as the control group. Homocysteine and IL6 levels were determine and compared between the obese COVID-19 and control groups. Results: Homocysteine higher than the normal range of the patients with COVID-19 Compared to the control group. The levels of TSH and serum triiodothyronine (T3) of the patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group. The lower the TSH and T3 levels were, with statistical significance (p <0.001). The degree of the decreases in TSH and T3 levels was positively correlated with the severity of the disease.
Land degradation rating under different land use types
Authors: Kolawole Yinka Odunayo  , OrevaOghene Aliku  , OrevaOghene Aliku
Published: October 2022

Soil degradation is a major challenge to agricultural production and often leads to low crop yield in most parts of the world. Hence, a field study was carried out in the University of Ibadan to assess soil physical and chemical properties, and their level of degradation under different land use types. Six land use types consisting of fallow land (FL), arable land (AL), Oil palm plantation (OP), Residential land (RL), paddock (P) and valley bottom (VB) were identified and examined in this study. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were obtained from 0-3cm depth and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties using standard procedures. Soil colloidal fractions (organic matter, clay and silt) were integrated to estimate the soil structural stability index (S), while soil degradation rating (SDR) was determined from selected soil physical (Particle size distribution, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity) and chemical (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus) properties. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance at α0.05. The land use types were slightly acidic with pH range of 5.7 (FL) to 6.9 (RL). Soil organic carbon differed significantly and was in the order: RL (29.8 g kg-1) > VB (20.0 g kg-1) > P(19.1 g kg-1) > FL (12.3 g kg-1) > OP (11.9 g kg-1) > AL (10.7 g kg-1). Significant differences were recorded for soil bulk density among the land use types. The VB had the lowest value (1.43 Mg m-3), followed by FL (1.52 Mg m-3), OP (1.64 Mg m-3), P (1.66 Mg m-3), RL (1.71 Mg m-3), and highest in AL (1.83 Mg m-3). The S also differed significantly among the land use types and was highest under VB (32.4), while AL had the lowest (3.1). On the average, AL, FL, OP, P and RL appeared to be moderately degraded, while VB was slightly degraded. The soil degradation rating mirrored the adverse effect of agricultural land use types, especially arable land, paddock and oil palm plantation on soil quality. Thus, soil conservation measures such as the use of organic fertilizers and organic mulch should be put in place in order to rehabilitate these land use types.
A Corpus-based Study on Stylistic Features of Lisao’s English Translations by the Yangs and Xu Yuanchong
Authors: ZHANG Keren
Published: October 2022

Please refer to the URL that includes this article for the abstract.
Translation Strategies of the Titles of Ancient Chinese Books: A Case Study of The Brush Talks from the Dream Brook
Authors: Wanwan GAO
Published: October 2022

Ancient Chinese books envelope Chinese culture and wisdom, and the titles of them serve as a window for readers to have a glimpse of their essence. A good title provides information like the topic or theme of a book along with aesthetic reading experience. In cross-culture exchanges, to intrigue the interest of readers or give a clue of the ancient books as to what they are looking for, the good translation of titles of ancient Chinese books finds its significance in this respect. This paper focuses on the translation strategies of the titles of ancient Chinese books from Chinese to English. The paper figures out the definition of ancient Chinese books from the perspective of history before it goes further to explore the classification and features of their titles. Given that the case studies are based on the examples from the complete English version of The Brush Talks from the Dream Brook by Wang Hong, this paper briefly introduces the book and its author, followed by the translation principles and strategies of the titles of ancient Chinese books. Semantic and communicative translation strategies are to be discussed with specific translation methods respectively. It is hoped that this paper could help readers realize the importance of title translation and provides some suggestions on the translation strategies of titles of ancient Chinese books in order to be accepted by target readers.
Illusion Painting and TV People: On the Generative Principle of the Virtual World of TV People
Authors: Bingbing GUAN , Bingjing YANG
Published: October 2022

Haruki Murakami's short story, TV People, reveals the reality that people cannot stand up to the lure of TV media, and are completely dominated by the media in their thinking and actions. Many previous studies argued that the virtual world in the novel is an “imaginary real world” based on the computer network, but such an explanation would make certain plots in the novel unreasonable. Since the novel is full of elements of “illusion painting”, the principle of the illusion painting can be used to reasonably explain the plots in the novel on the one hand. On the other hand, the virtual state generated by the illusion painting principle is more in line with the situation when Murakami Haruki wrote the novel.
Providing Equitable Access to Health Care for Individuals with Disabilities: An Important Challenge for Medical Education
Authors: Sky Lee Michele , Diaz Monica , Bassford Tamsen , Armin Julie , J. Williamson Heather
Published: October 2022

In a recent national survey, over 50% of physicians reported not feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. This finding is troubling as physicians are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) to ensure their practice is accessible to individuals with disabilities. This commentary addresses the need for including disability in medical education and to provide inclusive and quality care for individuals with disabilities. We offer four recommendations to enhance medical school curricula that would educate medical students to provide equitable health services to individuals with disabilities: 1) embed disability training throughout medical education; 2) educate medical students to recognize multiple models of disability; 3) include education and experience with universal design and supported decision-making; and 4) include individuals with all types of disabilities in medical education. Including disability education for medical students should better prepare future physicians for feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities.
Improving Disability Education in Medical School Curricula for Health Equity
Authors: Koerber Samantha , Jones Sean , Lemieux Alexandra , Gray Jaz
Published: October 2022

Medical students are more adequately prepared to engage with patients with disabilities when they receive interdisciplinary and immersive learning experiences during medical school. This paper highlights the results of a research study that demonstrated the potential of integrative service learning programs to improve medical education and health care for the disability community. In the described study, integrative service learning for medical students was found to reduce medical student bias, improve patient-provider communication, and assist patients and their families with navigating the healthcare system. This paper also presents an avenue for which similar programs can be widely adopted throughout medical education into equitable and innovative clinical models. These programs could allow improved health care and health outcomes for people with disabilities. By creating medical education programs that include integrative service learning, community participation, and clinical opportunities, medical schools across the country can continue improving their disability curricula for medical students.
Application and Related Research on the Psychological Capital Theory in Higher Education Research
Authors: Fu Chensha , Weng Fwu-Yuan
Published: October 2022

Psychological capital refers to a state of positive energy displayed in the heart of an individual in the process of self-growth and comprehensive and healthy development. Many scholars at home and abroad have found through research that psychological capital, as a positive psychological state, plays a significant positive role in evaluating and regulating college students in many aspects, such as academic performance, interpersonal relationships, stress relief, mental health, etc. Based on this, the article aims to draw on the current relatively mature research results of psychological capital theory, and deeply and systematically analyzes and discusses these research results, so as to provide valuable conclusions for the in-depth study of psychological capital theory in the field of college education. To meet that aim, a range of general methods including, descriptive, observational , literature review analysis are utilized. Given the results, in higher education, the application of psychological capital theory is still in the initial exploration period, and it needs to be explored comprehensively and deeply to make it continuously perfect.
Encouraging Awareness among Secondary School Students on Air Pollution in Supporting Environmental Protection
Authors: Jumintono Jumintono , Taha Mohamad Rafizi bin
Published: October 2022

Understanding the vulnerability of our environment and the significance of its protection is known as environmental awareness. Promoting environmental awareness is a simple method to protect the environment and help shape a better future for our generation. The study's aim is to look at secondary school pupils' understanding of the environment. The research used a survey method with multiple-choice questions to examine secondary pupils' environmental awareness. Five secondary schools from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Datuk Sulaiman in Batu Pahat, Johor, were used as a sample for this study. These samples were selected by the researches using simple random sampling technique. There are five questions that students need to answer correctly. The data were collected and analyses using Statistic Package for Science Sciences Software (SPSS V21.0). As a result, it shows a significant difference in frequency and percentage of students gets the correct answer in the post-test. Based on the result its show positive feedback of video-based learning from the students. Hence, education through Information and Communication Technology more effective and interesting than used traditional method.
Separating School Principal's Administrative and Pedagogical Tasks: Views of the Greek Teachers
Authors: Tsoli Konstantina , Babalis Thomas , Alexopoulos Nikolaos , Tselepidi Roza
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the views of 100 primary school teachers regarding the proposal of assigning two principals in Greek primary schools, one responsible for managerial duties and one to assume the pedagogical responsibilities. Teachers from the metropolitan area of Athens completed an online self-report questionnaire between February and March 2021. The questionnaire was constructed by the researchers for the needs of the present study based on theory and research on the field. The results showed that there is a positive attitude toward the notion that two principals would be better than one. However, most participants were apprehensive of the possible professionalization of the principal’s role. This probably indicates that the Greek educational system is not ready to accept this proposal. Educational policy leaders and academic program planners of higher education institutions could consider the findings of this study when designing educational programs aiming to prepare adequately future school principals.
Perceptions of Primary School Teachers Regarding the Implementation of Differentiated Instruction to Students with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Papanthymou Anastasia , Darra Maria
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of primary school teachers of all specialties in the Dodecanese (Greece) regarding the implementation of differentiated instructional strategies to support students with learning difficulties in the classroom. The research was conducted through quantitative approach using an anonymous electronic questionnaire on a sample of 174 primary school teachers of all specialties in the Dodecanese, during the period from February 13, 2021 to April 28, 2021. As for «content differentiation», the strategy most frequently used by teachers is the selection of the most crucial assignments for underachieving students with learning difficulties. As for «process differentiation», the strategy most often used is to adjust the pace of instruction to each student’s needs with learning difficulties. Regarding the «product differentiation», the strategy most used by teachers is to offer extra support to students with learning difficulties, who have difficulty finishing activities. In terms of «assessment differentiation», the strategy most frequently used is to give more time to students with learning difficulties to complete tasks or exams, while, in terms of «learning environment», the strategy most commonly used by teachers is to make a conscious effort to ensure that students engage consistently and fairly in class.
Conceptual model of noise monitoring system for construction projects in cramped conditions, based on sensors and GIS
Authors: Utepov Yelbek , Imanov Alisher
Published: October 2022

Existing sound measuring equipment are mostly designed for indoor use, and those of outdoor are costly and demands human involvement multiple times. This study proposes the concept of a compact and cheap sensor and GIS-based system that runs algorithms of sound distribution and visualizes interpolated and extrapolated data as heatmaps in an interactive map. According to the concept, the system consists of several noise measuring devises wirelessly connected to a data collector that transmits the measurement data real-time through internet to a server, where the data is analyzed and visualized. The integrated into GIS algorithms are designed to identify the sound sources and locations where the sound level exceeded its daytime or nighttime standard limits. The implementation of proposed concept may make noise issues related to construction activities more transparent.
Effects of Zinc and Multivitamins Supplements on growth in School Children
Authors: Ghaffar Junaid , Uzair Muhammad , Mahmood Zahid , Farrukh Riffat , Masood Shaheen , Rizvi Qamar
Published: October 2022

Zinc and many vitamins are important for development. Various vitamins and zinc deficiencies are communal in emerging states. Objective: The purpose of this anlaysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of multivitamin supplementation with zinc in enhancing the schoolchildren growth. Methods: Children aged 5-15 attending a public school were included. 160 participants were randomised to take multivitamins (200 IU vitamin D, 1,000 IU vitamin A, 10 mg B1, 1 mg B6, 3 mg B2, nicotinamide 40mg, B12 10 mcg) along with zinc chelated zinc glycinate (20 mg elemental zinc) or once daily placebo treatment was given for 5 days in a week for six-months. The height change from reference value was the primary outcome which was taken significant till conclusion of the analysis. The outcomes which were secondary were variations in BMI, body weight, hip and waist circumference, and ratio of waist-to-height. An intent to treat analysis was accomplished. Results: 80 children were randomly assigned to the control group or 80 in the treatment groups. Children who took multivitamins along with zinc had a greater height increase ((4.5±5.1 vs 3.5±4.1 cm, correspondingly; 0.001 of P value). Subgroup analysis exhibited substantial height improvement, particularly among preadolescents. The greatest increase in height occurred regardless of the initial weight and height. An additional increase in growth is visible subsequently two months of supplement. Variations in the other anthropometrical measures did not differ substantially. Conclusions: 6-month supplementation with zinc chelated and multivitamins significantly increase height among school going children and was better endured.
ICT accessibility Research Capacity building in the State of Qatar
Authors: Al-Thani Dena
Published: October 2022

The potential of information and communication technology (ICT) to promote economic growth, eradicate poverty, and assist the integration of emerging countries into the global economy has garnered widespread agreement. Accessible ICTs has become an obligation that as is governed by policies and procedures all around the world. Therefore, training the next generation of experts has now strategic aim of governments and institutes working toward inclusion and sustainable future. there also is a growing consensus that strengthening research capacity requires a concerted effort across multiple institutes. This paper discusses an overview of the ICT accessibility Research Capacity Building in the State of Qatar, including a Case Study on Our Experience at HBKU University and Working Together with the Mada Centre.
Capacity Building and Advocacy to Promote the Digital Accessibility Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Loutfy Mohammed Ali
Published: October 2022

Despite the progress that has taken place in the sector of technology, efforts of ensuring the inclusion of persons with disabilities remain limited. This is due to the limited opportunities of capacity building, weak awareness among engineers and industrialists, and the hindering of persons with disabilities’ voices in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy development and decision-making.
Inspired by the disposition of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with disabilities regarding accessibility, the Global Initiative for Information and Communication Technologies have been playing a pivotal role in promoting the persons with disabilities’ right to inclusive ICTs. Benefiting from the results of its Digital Accessibility Right Evaluation Index, G3ICT has realized the increasing commitment of CRPD States Parties to issues of ICT Accessibility. Nevertheless, The DARE index data show the remaining challenges encountered by governments’ procurement capacity for offering actual support to inclusive ICT programs, products, and services. ICT accessibility continues to be absent from higher education and vocational training programs. Furthermore, advocacy efforts of persons with disabilities and their organizations remain limited within the realm of digital accessibility.
This paper discusses G3ICT’s Digital Accessibility Right Education (DARE) Academy, and its role in tackling issues of digital divide through offering a platform of educational development and advocacy capacity enhancement for persons with disabilities around issues of ICT accessibility.
Using Brain-Computer Interface to improve learning skills for students with disabilities: a rapid review
Authors: Othman Achraf
Published: October 2022

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) enables direct communication between the brain and an external device. BCI systems have become a popular area of study in recent years. These technologies can be utilized in various ways to assist people with disabilities and healthy individuals. Regarding substantial BCI advancements, we can say that these systems are on the verge of commercialization. This review has considered current trends in BCI research on inclusive education to assist students with disabilities in achieving improved learning outcomes for all students in an inclusive environment.
The neuroprotective effect of melatonin in preventing vancomycin-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: N zlem , IN Bet , MAT zge , BOLAT Demet
Published: October 2022

Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive organisms, but prolonged use and high doses can lead to toxicity. While vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is widely reported, few cases of neurotoxicity have been described. Presupplementation with melatonin, a powerful antioxidant for nervous tissues, protects the sciatic nerve against all of the changes. Melatonin, a neurosecretory product of the pineal gland, functions as an antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, in this study the effect of melatonin in rats treated with vancomycin on the sciatic nerve was investigated. 28 wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups, each containing 7 rats. The first group was used as a control. The second group, melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally into rats for 7 days, respectively. The rats in the third group were injected with vancomycin (200 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively. The fourth group, vancomycin (200 mg/kg)+melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) were received vancomycin for 7 days and than melatonin into rats for 7 days, respectively. The experiment was continued for 15 days. The sciatic nerve tissues were examined under light microscopes. According to our findings, S100 expression was lowest in the vancomycin-treated group. In addition, the immunoreactivity intensity of S100 was significantly increased in the vancomycin+melatonin group, compared to the vancomycin group (p < 0.01). However, the immunoreactivity intensity of UCHL in the vancomycin group was no statistically significantly than the immunoreactivity intensity of UCHL in the other groups (p > 0.05). In this study, it was found that melatonin treatment effects positively regeneration of sciatic nerve injury caused by vancomycin in the sciatic nerve of rats.
Evaluation of Land Transportation of Newborns in Türkiye
Authors: ekmen sadrettin , Derme Turan
Published: October 2022

Introduction: In our country, the number of Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and the quality of service have considerably increased during the last two decades.However, improvements in the safe transportation of newborns are not at the same rate, and there are many problems that need to be solved.
Appropriate transport conditions should be provided to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. In this study, our aim was to present transportation problems in an understandable manner, to reveal solutions proposed by the addressees of these problems, and to reduce transport-related neonatal mortality and morbidity by drawing attention to this issue.
Material and method: As a cross-sectional descriptive study, we attempted to reach as many physicians as possible who played a relevant role in neonatal transport and invited them to respond to a Google Forms questionnaire concerning neonatal transport problems, between the 10th and 30th of April, 2022, and their responses were recorded.
Results: A total of 90 participants responded to the questionnaire. Neonatal specialists were the group with the highest response rate of 54.4%. Most of the participants were employed at University Hospitals or Training and Research Hospitals (69.7%). The most frequently used transport system was the on-duty team referred by the emergency call (112) center (84%). The participants reported that they frequently encountered undesirable events during transport, and that the transport team's approach to these events was inadequate. The solution proposal chosen most often was found to be: ‘supplying vehicles with equipment similar to those used in NICUs throughout the various regions of our country with respect to population density, and ensuring that personnel employed in these vehicles are only involved in the transportation of newborns’.
Conclusion: In our country, improvements in neonatal transport are urgently needed to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Factors Affecting Psychological Symptoms and Life Quality of Caregiver Parents of Cerebral Palsy Patients, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aykan Sanem , lu zge , Aksu Burak , Kaymaz Serdar , an Halil , GOKKAYA Nilufer
Published: October 2022

Objective:
In this study, we examined the factors affecting the psychological symptoms and quality of life of the caregiver parents of the cerebral palsy patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted between May-September 2013 in fifty CP patients and their caregivers. Demographic information, parents' education, family type, households, patients' siblings, drug usage, rehabilitation hospitalizations (NoRH), and gross motor function levels were recorded. The caregivers completed the psychometric symptom checklist (SCL-90-R) and the QoL questionary (SF-36). Factors affecting SCL-90-R and SF-36 were evaluated by correlation and regression analysis.

Results:
The proportion of symptomatic parents in the psychiatric evaluation ranged from 26% to 58% in subheadings. Psychological symptoms were mostly correlated with low QoL. Quality of life was lower than the population average in all subheadings. GHI and paranoid thoughts were positively correlated with NoRH. Households' number was negatively correlated with NoRH (p=0.045, p=0.032, p=0.025). Interpersonal sensitivity and the siblings’ number were positively correlated (p=0.005). Father's primary school graduation was a risk factor for increased anxiety (OR=0.446, p=0.030). The female CP was a risk for paranoid thoughts (OR=0.410, p=0.025). For SF-36, median scores were low in all components. The nuclear family was a risk factor for low physical components score (OR=-8.123, p=0.009). Not using any medications was a risk factor for a lower mental component score (OR=7.953, p=0.008).

Conclusion:
The caregiver parents had low QoL and more psychological symptoms. Public healthcare policymakers should plan projects to improve the psychological health and QOL of caregivers.
Perioperative Use of Anticoagulant and Antiaggregant Drugs; Approaches of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Physicians in Türkiye: A survey study
Authors: Eman Ali , Balaban Onur
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to assess the approach of Turkish Anesthesiology and Reanimation Specialists in patients receiving preoperative anticoagulant/antiaggregant therapy. A survey was designed to evaluate perioperative management of anticoagulant/antiaggregant drugs.

Methods: We surveyed Anesthesiology and Reanimation specialists and residents in various hospitals in Türkiye through e-mail and smartphone messenger application. We asked them to complete questionnaire form regarding anticoagulant use on a voluntary basis between February 15 and March 15 in 2022.

Results: The survey was responded by 296 anesthesiology specialists and residents. The majority of the participants (73.3%) were anesthesiology specialist physicians and work in 3rd level (academic, teaching, or university) hospital. The mostly used antithrombotic drugs were warfarin (75.9%) and acetylsalicylic acid (100%). Most of the participants (61%) use international guidelines regarding the timing of drug discontinuation. Participants commonly (82%) refer to the consultant specialist of the patient for deciding to discontinue or restarting the patient’s antithrombotic drug. The major perioperative concern about the antithrombotic drugs was bleeding complications of central neuraxial procedures (44.8%).

Conclusion: The anesthesia and reanimation specialists in Türkiye manage antithrombotic drugs in accordance with international guidelines. The distribution ranges are wide in times of preoperative discontinuation and postoperative restarting times of the medications; thus, the awareness needs to be increased to clear up this controversy.
Evaluation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cortisol levels in patients with bruxism
Authors: YILMAZ Onur , SIVRIKAYA Efe , KOCAK Nekdet , SAHIN Elif , TUZUNER Tamer , ALVER Ahmet , KORKMAZ Yavuz
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cortisol levels in patients with bruxism. The relationships between clinical variables (myofacial pain, dental anxiety and masticatory function) and BDNF and cortisol levels were also investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, patients were divided into 4 groups according to the severity of bruxism; group I (control group, no bruxism), group II (mild bruxism), group III (moderate bruxism), group IV (severe bruxism). Cortisol and BDNF levels were evaluated from venous blood samples of patients. Myofacial pain was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), dental anxiety was evaluated with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and masticatory function limitation was evaluated with the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS).
Results: The study conducted with 75 patients (15 in group I, 20 in group II, 20 in group III, and 20 in group IV) aged 18-64 years. BDNF and cortisol levels increased as the severity of bruxism increased. The cortisol level of group III was significantly higher than that of group I (p=0.008). BDNF and cortisol levels in group IV were significantly higher than group I (p=0.043, p=0.006). VAS, JFLS and MDAS values increased as the severity of bruxism increased. VAS pain scores correlated significantly with BDNF and cortisol levels (r=0.220, p=0.038; r=0.286, p=0.013). MDAS and JFLS values were significantly correlated with cortisol levels (r=0.279, p=0.015; r=0.271, p=0.19).
Conclusion: Plasma BDNF and cortisol levels can contribute to the assessment of bruxism severity and its clinical findings such as myofacial pain, masticatory efficiency and dental anxiety.
Metabolic Effects of Cedar Tar on Colon Cancer Cell Line (HCT-116):
A Follow-up Study
Authors: Temiz Ebru , Egi Kadir , Koyuncu Ismail , ksekdag Ozg , Kurt Yusuf , Tiken Murat , Akmese S , Enes Mehmet , Awad Yazan
Published: October 2022

Objective: Colon cancer (CC) is considered to be the most common cancers seen worldwide. Surgery and chemotherapy are the leading methods used in treatment. In recent years, the therapeutic properties of natural products have been investigated and used in drug development. Cedrus libani plant that normally grows in Syria and Turkey, some studies have shown that the plant’s extract (cedar tar) has anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties on colon cancer. Recently, metabolic changes have been identified as the hallmark of cancer, and various metabolic drugs are being investigated in clinical trials. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cedar tar on the amino acid metabolism of colon cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: Colon cancer cells (HCT-116) were homogenized in cold PBS medium after incubation with 30 µg/mL dose of cedar tar for 24 hours in appropriate medium. The intracellular free amino acid profile in the samples was analyzed by LC-MS/MS method. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done with SPSS and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 program.
Results: According to the statistical analysis results, significant positive correlations were found between β-alanine, anserine amino acids and apoptotic effects of cedar tar between the untreated control and cedar tar-treated groups, while a negative correlation was found with O-Phosphorylethanolamine amino acid.
Conclusion: By increasing the levels of β-alanine and anserine amino acids in colon cancer cells, cedar tar reduces both the metastatic character of the cells and inhibits tumor formation; It caused cell proliferation and energy deprivation by reducing the level of O-Phosphorylethanolamine amino acid, which is defined as a pro-tumorigenic metabolite. Cedar tar both triggered apoptosis and changed amino acid metabolism in colon cancer cells. It has been determined that cedar tar has the potential to be used as a natural product in the treatment of colon cancer.
Is simultaneous resection of Meckel's diverticulum beneficial or harmful in bariatric and metabolic surgery?
Authors: Al Muzaffer
Published: October 2022

Aim: To investigate whether complications are different with respect to resection or non-resection of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) detected incidentally during two bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) procedures, open sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SG-TB) with resection of MD (MDR) and open one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) without MDR.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study included patients who received treatment between December 2015 and January 2022. A total of 24 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed with MD during open SG-TB surgery (and underwent concurrent MDR) were defined as the MDR positive (MDR-P) group. Ten obese patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus who were found to have MD during open OAGB surgery but did not undergo MDR were defined as the MDR negative (MDR-N) group.
Results: The mean age of the MDR-P group was 54.42 ± 10.83, while the MDR-N group had a mean age of 39.50 ± 9.77 years (p = 0.001). 66.7% of the MDR-P group was male, 100.0% of the MDR-N group was female (p < 0.001). Median follow-up time was 24 (IQR = 24 - 36) months for both groups. None of the patients developed intraoperative or postoperative complications related to diverticulectomy (for the MDR-P group) or related to MD (for the MDR-N group).
Conclusion: Resection of incidental MD during SG-TB and non-intervention in OAGB did not cause any complications in short and mid-term follow-up. We still think that patients should be informed about the risks of all possibilities and the intervention for MD should be determined according to the patient's decision.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Increased Number of Deaths Due to Heart Attack and Stroke Among Saudis And Egyptians: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahmoud Madiha , Albadan Joud , Alreheili Shatha , Abdelaziz Osama , Abdelhady Hager , Abdelaziz Sherif , Horany Hemat
Published: October 2022

Background: Many articles describing the comorbidities on the gastrointestinal, neurological, and respiratory manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. The cardiovascular system is often affected and caused acute myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolic events, and monitoring with high sensitivity cardiac troponin. Ischemic stroke remains the most common subset of neurological manifestations in COVID- 19 infection.
Aim of research: This comparative cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out to assess and compare the association between COVID -19 infection and the risk of acute ischemic stroke among both Saudi and Egyptian infected patient.
Subjects and Methods: Data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire, distributed among patients who infected with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The questionnaire includes patients’ Socio-demographic and history of chronic diseases, laboratory investigations, time of getting stroke after COVID-19 infection and symptoms of COVID infection and stroke, as well as stroke outcomes. Then, data was statistically been analyzed using (SPSS, version 25) statistical program.
Results: 635 participants (288 Egyptians and 347 Saudis) were included in this study who were infected with COVID-19 and completed the data of the questionnaire. Most of participants were young (< 46 years old), and females. The total percent of participants who had stroke due to infection with COVID-19 and recovered without side effect was 1% & 1.2%, while 1.7% & 0.9% recovered but having some side effects among Egyptians and Saudis respectively. All these patients with stroke had medical history of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia with elevated levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, white blood cell, neutrophils and low level of lymphocytes.
conclusion: Our research supports the fact that COVID- 19 infection is associated with a clinical outcome of ischemic stroke that tend to the highest rate of mortality. Also, more research is needed to examine the neurological implications of COVID-19 disease.
Molecular detection of some virulence genes of proteus mirabilis isolated from different samples in Babylon province /Iraq
Authors: Kadhim Iqbal , Lateef Lamees
Published: October 2022

A total of (130) alkaline urine sampls, as well as vaginal, wound, and burn sampls, were collected from patients with urinary tract infections of both sexes who visited Al-Hilla general Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla governorate, Iraq, between September and December of 2021. Genotyping of P.mirabilis isolates was carried out at the molecular level to define genotypic features using a PCR approach targeting the key virulence factors genes. Three virulence genes (hpmA, rsbA, and pta) were screened from the total of 25 P.mirabilis positive samples.
Twenty-five isolates of P.mirabilis were discovered. 17 (68%) isolates were obtained from patients with urinary tract infection, while 3 (12%) isolates were obtained from patients with vaginal infection, 3 (12%) isolates from patients with surgical wound infection, and 2 (8%) isolates were obtained from patients with burn infection.
For the identification of the ureR gene, a specific PCR primer was utilized. The ureR gene was discovered in 25 (100%) isolates of P.mirabilis, including all UTI and vaginal infections, wound infections, and burn infections. A particular PCR primer was used to determine the presence of the hpmA gene. The hpmA gene was found in 24 P.mirabilis bacterial isolates (96%). PCR was used on genomic DNA from each P.mirabilis isolate to detect the rsbA gene using appropriate primers. PCR amplification of the rsbA gene revealed that only 20 (80%) of the 25 P.mirabilis isolates tested positive for this gene. Using specific PCR primers, the pta gene was also detected in P.mirabilis. Out of 25 isolates of P.mirabilis, the pta gene was found in 23 (92%) of P.mirabilis.
Histopathological examination of acute appendicitis tissue in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gurunluoglu Semra , Gul Mehmet , Akbulut Sami , Ates Hasan , Akpinar Necmettin , n Ecem , Kustepe Elif , Kaplan Serpil , Aslan Mehmet , Ozkan Ahmet , Demircan Mehmet , Gurunluoglu Kubilay
Published: October 2022

In this study, we prospectively investigated the histopathological features of the removed appendix tissue in pediatric patients who were operated on with the preliminary diagnosis of appendicitis. A catarrhal appendicitis group (n=43), a phlegmonous appendicitis group (n=28), a gangrenous appendicitis group (n=19), a perforated appendicitis group (n=35), and an appendicitis +COVID-19 group (n=7) were formed. The control group consisted of 21 children. A section of each patient's appendix tissue from the part with the highest diameter was taken for histopathological examination. The sections were routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). The two pathologists evaluated all H & E sections in a light microscope. The evaluation results were analyzed statistically. No significant differences in age and gender were found between all groups. The results of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in all tissue layers of all groups were significantly different. Neutrophil count in the mucosa and muscularis propria in the appendix tissues of the control group were found to be zero. Among all groups, the highest number of neutrophil counts in the mucosa and muscularis propria were found in the perforated group. Among all groups, the highest number of lymphocyte counts in mucosa and muscularis propria were found in the Covid-19 group. The mucosal erosion, intraluminal neutrophils, and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were negative in all samples in the control group. Neutrophil accumulation in the mucosa and muscularis propria layers in appendix tissue together with other inflammation findings are important in the histopathological diagnosis of appendicitis. In patients with Covid-19 infection, appendicitis may occur, in which case, severe accumulation of lymphocytes appears in the mucosal layer in addition.
A step toward revamping MD pharmacology curriculum by National Medical Commission: An envisioned transition from bench-side training to bedside training
Authors: Prabath Indumathi , Subramanian Subhiksha , Rani Jamuna
Published: October 2022

With a vision to meet the changing trends and recent developments in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics, the postgraduate medical education board of the national medical commission has put forth amendments to the existing guidelines for the MD pharmacology course. Major changes include introducing a district residency-based program for 3 months apart from the clinical postings and more focus is given to the areas of rational prescribing, pharmacovigilance, and ethical aspects of research. These amendments come as a new ray of hope in developing the postgraduate student as a complete professional equipped to meet the increasing standards in the workplace be it a hospital or a research arena. Including the simulation-based approaches for training as a lesson learned from the pandemic and adopting patient-oriented learning during the course are some of the key changes in the new guidelines. This review focuses on highlighting these amendments and correlating the same with the current scenario and discusses the future areas that can be improved for comprehensive development in the pharmacology curriculum.
Morphological study of the skull sutures and their relationships to skull morphology in young camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Allouch Gamal
Published: October 2022

Objective: The sutures are associated with anatomical and physiological differences in skull camels. There is a deficiency in the information regarding the anatomy of dromedary camels, especially on fibrous joints (sutures) of the camels skull.
Aim: The goal of this work was to give a detailed gross anatomical and radiographic description of the sutures in the camels skull. This description may be of great importance for the veterinarians to differentiate between the suture and the fracture of the head in the radiographic photos.
Methods: The current study was conducted on 10 skulls of the Howar dromedary camel at 4-10 months old. The skulls were prepared by using the boiling and maceration technique. The gross and radiographic photos of the sutures were taken using a digital camera and Siemens mobile full-wave X-ray machine (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany).
Results: The skull is made up of nineteen bones -six single and thirteen paired-the majorities of which are joined by joints termed as sutures. The sutures of the camel skulls were viewed in dorsal, ventral, lateral-vertical, and inside directions. They were of four types which are the coronal, serrate, plane, and squamosal sutures in different positions of the skull.
Conclusion: The current study showed that the fibrous joints of camel skulls (sutures) were similar to those of other domestic animals. This information is critical for supporting veterinarians to differentiate sutures from fractures that may have happened in the skull of the dromedary camel using radiological pictures.