bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Типические места Малодербетовского цикла эпоса «Джангар» как средство определения авторства сказителя
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Mandzhieva Bayrta B.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Russian folklorists have tended — and still do — to focus on formula-type language patterns inherent to traditional epic poetry. The shaping of epic songs would be facilitated by the wide use of structurally identical and stylistically similar descriptions and situations referred to as loci communes (‘typical passages’). Goals. The paper aims at identifying the personality of the taleteller to have recited the Baga Dorbet (Russ. Maloderbetovsky) cycle of the Jangar epic. With this in view, the work reveals typical passages of the Cycle, provides comparative insights into ones within prologues of the Cycle, compares the typical passages to similar elements from other cycles and individual repertoires. Materials and Methods. The study employs the methodology developed by P. D. Ukhov for the classification of Russian bylinas, and analyzes Jangar epic songs from the Baga Dorbet and Baga Tsokhor cycles, repertoires of such renown jangarchis as Eelyan Ovla, Mukӧvün Basangov, Dava Shavaliev, Nasanka Baldyrov, and Badma Obushinov. Conclusions. Typical passages of the Baga Dorbet cycle are structurally identical and stylistically homogenous descriptions where both syntactic patterns and described details and grammatical forms of parts of speech coincide which attests to that the texts were authored by (recorded from) one and the same taleteller. The opinion is confirmed by the below given examples of typical passages from other cycles that differ not only in terms of style or structure, but the very depicted objects, events, participants of the feast, the seating chart of theirs, and even numbers and sequence of stanzas significantly vary. The differences are determined by that the taletellers were representing different epic performance traditions with certain narrative patterns inherited from their predecessors. The comparative analysis of typical passages from the Baga Dorbet cycle shows the taleteller not only reproduces the once learnt song but rather creatively approaches every single performance maintaining standard elements of typical passages, modifies epic formulas employing synonyms, rearranging stanzas, reducing or adding details of descriptions, etc. This can be explained by that ‘above all in epic memory is not the formula precisely and intactly articulated in words but the artistic content, the taleteller (who) adheres to the framework of epic knowledge <...> (to) select one of the possible paths’, since this epic knowledge is wider than the text recited. So, the study concludes the whole of the Baga Dorbet cycle was recorded from (authored by) one taleteller and students whose names still remains unknown.
Калмыцко-казахское противостояние в Северном Прикаспии в 1723–1724 гг.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation), Tepkeev Vladimir T.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The paper examines an understudied period in the history of the Kalmyk Khanate — beginnings of a military confrontation between joint Kazakh-Karakalpak forces and Kalmyk units in 1723–1724. Goals. The article aims at introducing newly discovered archival data about the reign of Khan Tseren-Donduk (1724–1735). Materials and Methods. The source materials are related records stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Coll. И-36). The Register of Kalmyk Affairs contains dispatches and reports by the Governor of Astrakhan, A. Volynsky, clustered under the title ‘About Actual Disagreements and Feuds of Kalmyk Landlords’. The employed historical comparative method makes it possible to specify a chronicle of events on the basis of coinciding events described by all or most of the investigated sources. Results. The 1723 feuds between young Kalmyk princely heirs, Khan Ayuka’s death in 1724, and the unsettled order of succession paved the path for Kazakh and Karakalpak invasions of eastern Kalmyk-inhabited territories between the Volga and the Yaik (Ural) Rivers. Conclusions. Despite the actual political factionalism across the Kalmyk Khanate, eastern landlords headed by Dorji Nazarov were able to repel the aggression of hostile groups. The 1724 battle of the Uzen which ended in a defeat of a small Kazakh-Karakalpak unit had important military and political consequences conveying the message that even amidst the lack of solidarity between Kalmyk noblemen any invasion of their lands should turn an essentially arduous task. However, the successful local engagement of the Volga Kalmyks could not stop the subsequent eastward expansion of Kazakhs.
Формирование автономных образований в РСФСР в 1920-х годах: проблемы населения и территории (на материалах Калмыцкой автономной области)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Maksimov Konstantin N.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Soviet Kalmykia’s historiography comprises quite a cluster of publications to have dealt with the shaping and development of the ethnic statehood. Such works primarily focus on preparatory and constitutive activities, economic beginnings. However, the formation of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast’s territory and population have been covered by separate papers only fragmentarily. Goals. The study aims at investigating Kalmykia’s border-related problems and migrations of dispersed Kalmyk groups towards the region. In order to facilitate this, the article shall explore why territorial and border-related issues turned essentially difficult tasks and how the problems were being solved, describe the roadmap of the Kalmyk Oblast Executive Committee to comprehensively tackle the emerged territorial and migration challenges. Materials and Methods. The paper centers around archival sources, quite a share of the latter being thus newly introduced into scientific discourse. The key methods employed are those of comparativism and source analysis. Results. According to the nationalities policy set forth by the Bolsheviks in 1920, the Soviet Government granted the Kalmyk people an ethnic statehood in the form of an administrative autonomy within the latter’s historical territory — Kalmyk Steppe. Once the autonomy was established, its territory and borders were determined in accordance with the then state policies and without any essential dissents from neighboring provinces. Migrations of minor Kalmyk groups to the autonomous oblast were supported by the Government and encountered no resistance, except for disputes between the Salsk Okrug Executive Committee and that of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast over the territorial issue when it came to the resettlement of Salsk Kalmyks. The prolonged mutual tension resulted in the establishment of Kalmytsky (‘Kalmyk’) District within Salsk Okrug of North Caucasus Krai.
Восстановление автономий репрессированных народов Калмыкии и Северного Кавказа в конце 1950-х гг. и проблема реабилитации: дискуссионные вопросы в современной российской историографии
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin Str., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation), Gunaev Evgeniy A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The late 1950s restoration of autonomies for the repressed peoples is an important era in the history of those ethnic statehoods. Still, even over 60 years thereafter quite a number of issues remain essentially problematic. And the main question is as follows: Can one interpret the late 1950s restoration of autonomies for the repressed peoples of Southern Russia as a rehabilitation? Materials and Methods. The study analyzes a number of scholarly Russian historiographical publications examining the mentioned period, and employs the historical genetic and historical legal methods. Results. The article considers a range of problematic issues, such as substantial features of ‘rehabilitation’ for repressed peoples in the Soviet era, political and historical essentials of the process, general issues of periodization of the rehabilitation (including that of the Soviet era), debating aspects of the phenomenon in respect to the restoration of autonomies, contemporary political and legal aspects related to the Soviet restoration of South Russia’s ethnic autonomies. Conclusions. In Russian historiography, there is a consensus as to the identification of the period of the restoration of autonomies for the repressed peoples as a rehabilitation, though incomplete one. The paper shows observation of the principle of historicism presupposes this period be viewed in a general context of the whole Soviet era that witnessed the rehabilitation of repressed peoples pinnacled with the rehabilitation decrees of perestroika. Since 1992 there emerged a new — Russian — stage of the rehabilitation. As for critical notes on outdated norms of the RSFSR Law On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples, it seems evident that the agenda of its complete implementation was never actualized by federal government agencies since the mid-1990s. It is possible that another law be created in future to comprise the rehabilitation experiences of the Soviets, including that of the initial stage from the late 1950s. This would require explicit political and legal assessments of the repressed peoples’ rehabilitation in a historical perspective.
Урбанизация российского Дальнего Востока: Амурская область в 1989–2019 гг.
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation), Breslavsky Anatoliy S.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Accelerated development of the Far East has been — and still is — one of the main priorities of Russia’s regional policy in the 2010s. The cities and urban agglomerations of the region are proclaimed by the Russian government as key basic points of further economic growth in this part of the country. At the same time, despite the efforts of the federal and regional authorities, the processes of urbanization in most regions of the Far East are still in crisis. Goals. The study aims to analyze the results of the Soviet urbanization in Amur Oblast and the dynamics of urbanization processes in the region over the past three decades. Materials and Methods. Analyzing official statistical data, as well as statutory instruments at the national, regional and local levels, the paper uses a set of general scientific methods, the statistical method, and special methods of historical research, in particular, the problem-chronological one. Results. The entire system of urban settlements in Amur Oblast experienced a dramatic socioeconomic, infrastructural and demographic crisis in the 1990-2010s. Even the first half of the 1990s witnessed a weakening of urbanization processes and an outflow of population from the region caused by the restructuring and crisis of production, the weakening of state social policy, a decrease in investments in the engineering and household development of territories, and insufficient solution of housing problems. In the structure of urban settlements, the greatest changes have affected workmen’s settlements most of which have lost the prospects for industrial development. In the early 2010s, the development of urban settlements in the region was still constrained by a number of economic factors (the regional budget deficit and its dependence on federal subsidies, the ongoing production crisis of most of the city-forming enterprises, etc.). Large infrastructure projects in the region (construction of the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Power of Siberia gas pipeline, Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, creation of advanced development areas) have supported urban settlements of the region’s industrial center in the 2010s. However, cities and towns in the north of the region have not received tangible sources of growth as a result of the Baikal–Amur Mainline project crisis. Conclusions. By the end of the 2010s, the general crisis of urbanization processes in the region resulted in that the network of urban settlements acquired more linear features — along the Trans-Siberian railway line — that be accompanied by concentrate resettlement towards Blagoveshchensk.
Institutional Challenges in the Implementation Process: A Case Study of Rural Transport Accessibility in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
Authors: Mohd Ismail Maria binti , Raja Ariffin Raja Noriza binti
Published: April 2021

The central aim of many transport systems is to improve people’s access to goods, services and facilities. Improving transport access can subsequently reduce social isolation. Compared to urban areas, the issue of accessibility is more prominent in rural areas due to its distances from many opportunities. It has been proven in many studies that the provision of rural infrastructure and the improvement of rural transport can upgrade the social well-being of the rural community. The process of improving rural access should always start with the identification of the transportation needs of the community and their mobility patterns. This paper narrates the institutional challenges in implementing rural transport accessibility strategies in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. The district is located in the northeast of Peninsular Malaysia. The qualitative case-study approach used in this study involved 17 respondents; thirteen policymakers from federal, state and local governments, two local transport operators and two rural transport experts. The findings show that among the institutional challenges in the implementation process are poor communication and coordination, lack of transport planning experts and limited financial resources. The findings provide critical inputs for policymakers at various decision-making levels, namely federal, state and local, in planning and designing a more accessible transportation system for the rural population.
Impact of Sleep on Medical Residents’ Emotions: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a Wearable Device
Authors: El Baba Sarah , Antoun Jumana , Mladenovic Andrea , Tamim Hani , Naous Jihane
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives: Controlling negative emotions and getting sufficient sleep are key factors in reducing medical errors and optimizing quality of care. The objective of this study was to measure the relationship between the emotions of medical residents and sleep as measured by a wearable device.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study addressing all residents of all postgraduation years and specialties at an Accreditation for Graduate Medical Educations-I accredited institution over 6 months. Sleep quantity and quality were measured by Fitbit Charge 2 device, and daily emotions by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule questionnaire.
Results: We included a total of 45 participants with a total of 1,112 observations (response rate=19.3%). The mean duration of total daily sleep was 5.9±1.6 hours, with a deep sleep time of 1.1±0.4 hours. We found a negative association between negative emotions and total sleep (rrm=-0.14, P<.0001) and deep sleep (rrm=-0.11, P=.0005) using repetitive measures correlation. A linear regression model to predict the negative emotions of the residents revealed additional determinants beyond deep sleep.
Conclusions: Our findings provide a further understanding of the importance of sleep quality on emotions by emphasizing deep sleep as a predictor of the second-day affect. Residency programs should strive to provide an ideal sleep environment to their residents and deliver workshops to deal with negative emotions.
Pneumothorax Prevalence and Mortality per Gestational Age in the Newborn
Authors: Acun Ceyda , Nusairat Leen , Kadri Amer , Nusairat Aseel , Yeaney Natalie , ABU-SHAWEESH JALAL , Aly Hany
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Pneumothorax (PTX) in newborns is a life-threatening
condition associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in
premature infants. The frequency of PTX in neonates at different
gestational ages (GA) and its impact on neonatal mortality have not been
quantified. We aimed to determine: 1) the prevalence of PTX in neonates
at different GA from ≤24 weeks to ≥37 weeks, 2) the impact of PTX on
mortality per GA, and 3) the impact of PTX on the length of stay (LOS)
per GA. Methods: The national Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) for the
years of 2006 to 2012 were used. We included all infants admitted to the
hospital with a documented GA and ICD9 code of pneumothorax. Bivariate
and multivariate analyses were conducted and odds ratios (OR) were
calculated. Results: A total of 10 625 036 infants were included; of
them 3665 infants (0.034 %) had a diagnosis of PTX, with highest
prevalence at ≤24 weeks GA (0.67%), and lowest at term (0.02%). The
overall mortality rate of patients with PTX was 8.8%, and greater in
preterm (16.3%) vs. term infants (2.7%). The association of mortality
with PTX was greatest at GA of 29−32 weeks (OR = 8.55 (95% CI:
6.56−11.13). Infants who survived until discharge had a median of 2–12
days longer length of stay depending on GA category. Conclusions: The
prevalence of PTX peaks in infants <24 weeks, however its
impact on mortality is greatest at 29-32 weeks. PTX is associated with
longer length of stay in survivors.
Effective D-lactic acid production from corncobs by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Horiuchi Jun-ichi , Naito Syuka , Kumada Yoichi , Okano Kenji , Kondo Akihiko , Tanaka Tsutomu
Published: April 2021

A metabolically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum mutant, which could
produce D-lactic acid from both glucose and xylose, was applied for the
production of optically pure D-lactic acid from corncobs by simultaneous
saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Using a corncob hydrolysate
obtained by a combination of dilute acid treatment using 1.5% H2SO4
followed by enzymatic saccharification, the L. plantarum mutant
completely assimilated both glucose and xylose in the corncob
hydrolysate within 20 hours, resulting in the successful production of
D-lactic acid with high optical purity in a batch culture. To improve
the performance of D-lactic acid production from corncobs, SSF
experiments from 100 to 250 g/L of acid-hydrolyzed corncobs using 1.5%
H2SO4 were performed, and 49.7 to 101 g/L of D-lactic acid with
96.8-98.6% of optical purity was successfully produced. The D-lactic
acid yield from corncobs (YL/C) was approx. 0.61 when 100-150 g/L of
acid-hydrolyzed corncobs was used; however, the YL/C decreased to 0.49
as the concentration of acid-hydrolyzed corncobs because of insufficient
acid hydrolysis of the corncobs. Therefore, by increasing the H2SO4
concentration to 3.5%, D-lactic acid production from corncobs
significantly increased to 134 g/L with YL/C of 0.63 and 2.88 g/(L･h) of
productivity from 250 g/L of acid-hydrolyzed corncobs.
End-effector Cartesian stiffness shaping - sequential least squares programming approach
Authors: Knezevic Nikola , Lukic Branko , Jovanovic Kosta , Zlajpah Leon , Petric Tadej
Published: April 2021

Control of robot end-effector (EE) Cartesian stiffness matrix (or the whole
mechanical impedance) is still a challenging open issue in physical
humanrobot interaction (pHRI). This paper presents an optimization approach
for shaping the robot EE Cartesian stiffness. This research targets
collaborative robots with intrinsic compliance - serial elastic actuators
(SEAs). Although robots with SEAs have constant joint stiffness, task
redundancy (null-space) for a specific task could be used for robot
reconfiguration and shaping the stiffness matrix while still keeping the EE
position unchanged. The method proposed in this paper to investigate
null-space reconfiguration's influence on Cartesian robot stiffness is based
on the Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) algorithm, which
presents an expansion of the quadratic programming algorithm for nonlinear
functions with constraints. The method is tested in simulations for 4 DOF
planar robot. Results are presented for control of the EE Cartesian
stiffness initially along one axis, and then control of stiffness along both
planar axis - shaping the main diagonal of the EE stiffness matrix.
Real-time harmonic identification under varying grid conditions
Authors: Bulycheva Evgeniia , Yanchenko Sergey
Published: April 2021

One of the challenges of the power quality management is a need for reliable
harmonic identification in grids with multiple non-linear loads. This paper
proposes a novel method to accurately determine time-varying harmonic
contributions of non-linear loads to the total grid voltage distortion. The
use of the invasive measurement approach and ternary pulse sequence as a
stimuli guarantees an accurate assessment of harmonic contribution with the
account for timevariating harmonic impacts. The application of proposed
approach is demonstrated by means of time-domain grid simulation with
implemented white-box model of a pulse sequence generator. Statistical
estimation of the accuracy of the proposed approach as well as comparison
with typical harmonic identification methods justify its effectiveness under
non-stationary network conditions.
Electricity consumption forecast for Tarkwa using autoregressive integrated moving average and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system
Authors: Ofosu Robert , Odoi Benjamin , Asamoah Mercy
Published: April 2021

Electricity has become one of the inelastic goods in our world today. The
proper functioning of most equipment today relies on electricity. Taking
Tarkwa which is a mining community into consideration, the various mines,
schools, shops, banks and other companies in the municipality massively rely
on electricity for their day to day running. Therefore, knowing the exact
amount of electricity to produce and distribute for the smooth running of
businesses and basic living is of great necessity. This study compared and
formulated a model to forecast and predict the daily electrical energy
consumption in Tarkwa for the year 2019. The data used was a monthly dataset
for the year 2018 and it comprised of the temperature, wind speed,
population and electricity consumption for Tarkwa. The methods used were
Artificial Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Autoregressive
Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The ANFIS was used as a predictor to
predict the electricity consumption based on the training and testing of the
dependent and independent variables. The ARIMA was used to forecast the
dependent and independent variables for 2019. These simulations were done
using MATLand Minitab. The results of the analysis revealed that the
training and testing dataset allowed ANFIS to learn and understand the
system but the ANFIS could only forecast the 2019 electricity consumption
after the input data to the system was changed to the ARIMA forecasted 2019
independent variables. It was observed that the amount of electricity
consumed in 2019 increased by 14%.
Energy benchmarking in educational buildings in the city of Kragujevac - possibilities for energy efficiency improvement
Authors: Radojevic Ana , Nikolic Danijela , Radulovic Jasna , Skerlic Jasmina
Published: April 2021

The implementation of energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy
sources in educational buildings can significantly contribute to reducing
energy consumption, but also to CO2 emissions in the entire public sector.
The paper shows the comparison of energy consumption indicators for 61
elementary school buildings which have previously been divided in 12 groups,
according to the period of construction and size, based on the national
typology called TABULA, as the first step of further study on how to use the
renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to use the energy
benchmarking process to select representative facilities which are suitable
for applying renewable energy sources, for their further energy efficiency
improvement. Indicators of annual specific electricity consumption and CO2
emissions per unit area [kWh/m2] and per user [kWh/user] were calculated.
After that, from two groups (in which the highest electricity consumption
and CO2 emissions are 68.37% and 74.53% of the total consumption/
emissions), one representative facility was selected.
Optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in distorted distribution systems using a hybrid algorithm
Authors: Milovanovic Milos , Radosavljevic Jordan , Perovic Bojan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a novel hybrid phasor particle swarm optimization and
gravitational search algorithm, namely the hybrid PPSOGSA algorithm, is
proposed to find the optimal size and location of shunt capacitors in
distribution systems with non-linear loads. The performance of PPSOGSA are
studied and evaluated using the IEEE 9- and 85-bus test systems with the
objective of minimizing the total annual cost of the system. The procedure
is conducted taking into account effects of harmonic distortion and discrete
size of capacitors available in the market. Simulation results are compared
with those obtained by other optimization techniques, and verified using the
Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP). It was established that that
the hybrid PPSOGSA algorithm provides better solutions in terms of
convergence and accuracy.
Novel Disease-Modifying Drugs against Skin Fibrosis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Nishiguchi Mana , Yamamoto Yuki , Jinnin Masatoshi
Published: April 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder characterized by tissue fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The etiology of the skin fibrosis is thought to be thickened dermis due to uncontrolled excessive deposition of various extracellular matrix, mainly type I collagen.Systemic treatments with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic immunosuppressive properties, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, are usually considered for skin sclerosis of patients with SSc. However, their approach must be initiated at the early stage, before the fibrosis is completed, and the effects of the corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are known to be reduced in the late stages of the sclerosis. Furthermore, various significant adverse effects of these treatments must be considered.This paper discusses the present day understanding of therapeutic options using disease-modifying drugs against skin sclerosis of SSc patients and the possible mechanisms.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) Activation as Therapeutic Targets in Skin Inflammation
Authors: Aioi Akihiro
Published: April 2021

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are fatty acid activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. They are initially known as transcriptional regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism, although further evidence has also been accumulated for other functions. Due to the nature of all PPAR isotypes which are expressed and exert effects by regulating the functions of cell types residing and infiltrating in the skin, PPARs represent a major research target for the understanding and treatment of many skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Skin barrier disturbance is one of the exacerbation factors of AD, due to facile penetration of molecules such as antigens. From the aspect of immune dysregulation, innate and acquired immunity including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cytokine network are involved in the pathogenesis. In this review, the role of PPAR in AD and the possibility of its agonist for the treatment of AD are discussed.
Radiographic Determination of the Canine Elbow Joint Angle in Collimated Views
Authors: Sofia Alves-Pimenta , Bruno Colaço , Mário Ginja
Published: April 2021

The mediolateral flexed, extended, or neutral elbow radiographic views are commonly used in clinical practice. However, there is currently no standardized methodology to accurately measure the elbow joint angle in mediolateral images that include only the elbow joint and surrounding tissues. The main aim of this work is to compare elbow joint angles obtained from mediolateral radiographs that include the complete arm and forearm of the dog, with angles measured in radiographs including only the elbow. Ninety mediolateral views of elbow joints were obtained from 50 canine thoracic limbs, with 39 joints <90º, 30 ≥90 - ≤120º and 21 >120º. Radiographs were centered on the elbow joint and include the shoulder and carpal joints. For each complete forelimb radiographic image, the elbow angle was measured using the methodology described in previous studies. Then, the digital images were cut to obtain only the joint and surrounding tissues, establishing a new set of anatomical landmarks to measure the joint angles: the lateral humeral epicondyle was used as an angular point, with the linking points being the nutritional orifice of the radius at the antebrachial interosseous space and the intersection point of the lateral supracondylar crest with the cranial humeral endosteum. There was a good agreement observed between the two elbow angle measurement methodologies. The intraclass correlation coefficient was statistically significant, with the lower limits of the 95% confidence interval (CI) at >0.75, and with zero being included in the standard error of the mean 95% confidence interval in the Bland-Altman test. This elbow angle measurement methodology based on anatomic landmarks next to the elbow joint is accurate and may be used for clinical and research purposes.
Comparative Evaluation of the Cytological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Masses
Authors: Ipek Volkan , Cangul I. Taci , Akkoc Ahmet
Published: April 2021

In this study, we compared the cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical diagnoses of 71 canine cutaneous and subcutaneous masses. Cytological diagnoses included 56 tumors (21 mesenchymal, 15 epithelial, 16 round cell, four melanocytic), 13 inflammatory reactions, and two cysts. Of the 21 cytologically diagnosed mesenchymal tumors, three were later confirmed non-tumoral (hematoma, granulation tissue, fibroepithelial polyp). Thirteen out of 15 epithelial tumors were correctly diagnosed cytologically, whereas two cases were confirmed to be non-tumoral (fibroepithelial polyp, granulation tissue) after histopathological examination. One mast cell tumor was later confirmed as fibrous hyperplasia; diagnoses were correct in other round cell tumors. Cytological diagnoses were correct for all melanocytic tumors and cystic lesions. Five cases which had been cytologically diagnosed as inflammatory reactions were diagnosed as tumors (lymphoma, papilloma, sebaceous adenoma, and squamous cell carcinoma) after histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the histopathological diagnoses of all epithelial and round cell tumors, while the diagnoses of six mesenchymal tumors were changed after the immunohistochemical examination. The total accuracy of cytology in the diagnosis of tumoral/non-tumoral masses was 84.5%, and the accuracy in the determination of benign/malignant behavior was 83%. Diagnostic accordance between histopathology and immunohistochemistry was 86.6%. High success rates obtained with cytological diagnoses prove that cytology is a reliable diagnostic tool. The main diagnostic challenge remains with mesenchymal tumors and tumors accompanied by inflammatory reactions. The results suggest that immunohistochemistry is fundamental for diagnoses of most mesenchymal tumors.
Functionality evaluation of co-processed excipients as diluents in tablets manufactured by wet granulation
Authors: Eshovo Apeji Y. , Muhammad IY. , Kehinde Olowosulu A. , Owoicho Okpanachi G. , Rukayat Oyi A.
Published: April 2021

Diluents are essential components of a tablet formulation. The type of diluent used in a formulation influences the quality of tablets produced from that formulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tableting properties of co-processed excipients (C-PEs) incorporated as diluents in tablet formulation by wet granulation. Metronidazole tablets were prepared by wet granulation incorporating different diluents that were either single component excipients (SCEs) (lactose and microcrystalline cellulose) or C-PEs (Ludipress®, StarLac®, Prosolv® and AVICEL®HFE). The granules obtained for each formulation were evaluated for particle size analysis, flow properties and compression properties. Tablets weighing 500 mg were compressed from the metronidazole granules on a Single Station Tablet Press using a 12 mm punch and die tooling system. The tablets were kept for 24 h post-production, and the properties of weight uniformity, thickness, tensile strength, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile evaluated subsequently. Results of granule properties showed that variations in parameters evaluated was as a result of differences in the type and composition of diluent used in formulation. Compactibility and tabletability profile of metronidazole granules revealed a better performance with granules processed with C-PE based diluents compared to SCE-based diluents. Tablets formulated with C-PEs as diluents were uniform in tablet weight, disintegrated faster and yielded a faster drug release compared to tablet formulations containing SCEs as diluent. This study reveals the performance advantage of C-PEs as diluents in tablets manufactured by wet granulation and highlights the importance of rational selection of excipients during tablet formulation.
Evaluation of the Influence of the Supply Pressure on Functional Parameters of the Impulse Low-Pressure Gas-Phase Injector
Authors: Szpica Dariusz , Borawski Andrzej , Mieczkowski Grzegorz , Kusznier Michał , Awad Mohamed M. , Sadik Adel M. , Sallah Mohammed
Published: April 2021

The article presents research results referring to the influence of supply pressure on the functional parameters of the impulse low-pressure gas-phase injector. The study was done on the original stand for flow test of gas-phase injectors. In the indirect evaluation, with the initial parameters and the length of the forced impulse, the current line, acceleration and pressure sensor courses were used. Apart from the volumetric flow rate, the analysed parameters were the time periods of the injector opening and closing process. Those time segments were composed of response time and opening/closing time, the sum of which gives time of full opening. Functional relationships describing the volumetric flow rate, time of full opening and closing are presented, which are helpful not only in comparative tests of different injectors, but also in modelling the operation of gas injector or algorithms of gas supply control system. The reference to the volumetric flow rate allowed to indicate possible causes of variability of this parameter depending on the supply pressure.
Ideal Rectifier Bridge Converting the Harvested Energy of Vibrations Into Electric Energy to Power an MR Damper
Authors: Sapiński Bogdan , Jastrzębski Łukasz , Kozieł Arkadiusz
Published: April 2021

The newly developed ideal rectifier bridge equipped with four N-type MOSFETs and two rail-to-rail operational amplifiers is a part of a typical energy harvesting conditioning circuit responsible for the rectification stage in the system of converting the energy harvested from vibrations into electrical energy to power the MR damper. The only energy loss in the bridge is caused by the voltage loss in transistors’ channels. The first sections of the work summarises the structural design of the bridge, the simulation procedure under the RL load and by sine voltage inputs with predetermined frequency and amplitude range, and benchmarks the results against those obtained for the conventional bridge based on Schottky diodes. In the second section, the PCB prototype of the bridge is analysed, and measurement data are compiled. The third section reports on the laboratory testing of the developed bridge converting the harvested energy in an MR damper-based vibration reduction system.
Technology sharing game from ecological perspective
Authors: Zou Hua , He Deyu
Published: April 2021

New technological revolution has brought about significant changes in technological innovation activities. The platform has become an indispensable part of the innovation ecosystem of technology-intensive enterprises, which is derived from enterprise technology sharing. The main relationship of the innovation ecosystem is competition and cooperation. We use evolutionary game theory to consider the sharing behaviour of two enterprises in terms of different implicit parameters, thereby providing insight into the design of innovation ecosystem and technology innovation platform policies that promote open and shared technological innovation.
The Economical Issues of the Greek-Catholic and Orthodox Deaneries of Târgu Mureş between September 1940 and October 1944
Authors: Tătar Emil
Published: April 2021

The Greek-Catholic and Orthodox Deaneries of Târgu Mureş were part of the ceded territory through The Vienna Arbitration. The economic issues that the two deaneries faced during World War II were complex and varied. The first one was related to the seizure of the majority of the harvest collected on the church territory in the autumn of 1940. The living of the clergy and their families was affected also by the payment delayed until February 1941. Beside all of these, the economical stability was affected, for a longer period of time, by the loss of their lands, which constituted a source for additional revenues, especially for the poorer parishes. Some of the investments in building new churches were in vain. Two churches were demolished by unknown authors during 1941. The economic problems, that the two deaneries faced, have returned to the previous situation after the liberation of the Northern Transylvania.
The Ottoman “other”: (Re)Framing the Past of the Modern Turkish Nation
Authors: Oprea Iulia
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the process of the Turkish nation building process starting from the premises that whether we talk about culture, religion, ethnicity, language, traditions or other elements nations identify with and take pride in, continuity in time is an essential requirement to legitimize the bases of national identity in the nationalist discourse.
Human Behaviour Simulation Using Space Syntax Methods
Authors: Sutkaitytė Milda
Published: April 2021

City is a multi-layered structure of social, cultural, and economic aspects and their relationship through the physical space. Recognition of some patterns in those relationships is the essence for defining fragmentations in urban fabric and suggesting solutions on how those fragmentations could be solved.

The article analyses how different space syntax methods can be used to find patterns in the chosen urban environment. Space syntax allows to find urban relationships between physical environment and human behavior. Space syntax suggests a few different approaches on how these relationships could be simulated: Segment Analysis perceives environment as a network of paths or streets, visibility graph analysis concentrates on inter-visual relationships, while agent-based analysis uses simple artificial intelligence for modeling movement in open space. Consequentially, the aim of this research is to find out what human behaviour aspects each of these space syntax methods are able to simulate.
Trend Analysis of Technologies Supporting the Availability of Online Content: From Keyword-Based Search to the Semantic Web
Authors: Molnár Tünde Lengyel
Published: April 2021

The era of Web 1.0 implied the connection of web-based documents via links, which enabled search engines to scan for information and guarantee the search and availability of webpages. Web 2.0 represented the next evolutionary stage. Known as the collaborative web, the emphasis in this case was on the establishment of services and content by the community. Search options were complemented with labelling and frequently undesirable clickstream analysis coupled with push technology-supported information provision. The semantic web is a revolutionary development, which, in addition to processing information by humans, assures the readability of datasets by machines and facilitates communication between devices. In order to promote data and information processing by machines, the semantic web relies on a special ontology allocating the respective meaning to the given data along with relying on the global indexing and naming schemes of the web. Several ontologies emerged with differing basic guidelines while displaying compatibility to the RDF standard ranging from the more semantic description of bibliographical data in libraries to the description of information gained from social networks and human conversations. While Web 3.0 is often used interchangeably with the semantic web, the former one with its intelligent server function exceeds the semantic web. We have to ask ourselves, however, whether we can rely on the accuracy of the obtained data, and we must explore what progress have libraries – expected to increase reliability – made regarding the implementation of semantic data storage.
The Branding Power of Szeklerland. Online Place Branding Tendencies and Identity-Forming Efforts in Szeklerland
Authors: Barbócz Zsolt
Published: April 2021

Destination branding has always been a complex question. This is especially true if we are talking about Szeklerland as a historical, cultural, and ethnic region, which can be defined in the easiest way through Covasna, Harghita, and Mureş counties of Romania. A well-structured brand in a region can help with its economic development and search for identity, so it is worth looking into branding activities in the region. Despite Szeklerland’s strong identity and reputation, the discourse is extremely divided between Romanian and Hungarian people. There are plenty of brand owners in the region without central management and coherence. There are plenty of amateur and corporate initiatives that are generally poorly organized and serve individual economic purposes. In addition, politicians also play an active role in forming these processes. Although the regional and tourism development strategies of the counties of Szeklerland are similar, and it can be said that the stakeholders are open to the cooperation between the three counties, there were only partial results of regional-level collaboration. The paper follows the activities of online promotional initiatives about Szeklerland and the larger territorial units influencing the region, such as Romania and Transylvania, and the branding narratives created during them.
Screening Landscapes: Film between the Picturesque and the Painterly
Authors: Jacobs Steven
Published: April 2021

Inherently connected to movement and to a sequential spatial experience in time, the picturesque has been considered as a precursor of the cinematic. In addition, the idea of the picturesque is closely connected to Heinrich Wölfflin’s notion of das Malerische or “the painterly,” which stands for a dynamic style of painting characterized by qualities of colour, stroke, and texture rather than of contour or line. Based on the keynote lecture delivered at the conference, The Picturesque: Visual Pleasure and Intermediality in-between Contemporary Cinema, Art and Digital Culture (Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, 25–26 October, 2019), 1 the essay disentangles the complex network of connections between image and landscape, painting and film, the picturesque and the painterly.
“Show the Clichés:” the Appearance of Happiness in Agnès Varda’s Le Bonheur
Authors: Felleman Susan
Published: April 2021

Le Bonheur, perhaps Agnès Varda’s most beautiful film, is also her most perplexing. The film’s insistently idyllic surface qualities, overtly beautiful imagery, and psychologically impenetrable, improbably content characters mystify and confuse. Of late, feminist scholars have clarified the situation, noting Varda’s incorporation of advertising and pop cultural visual rhetoric to implicate the social forces framing the picture and those insistently “happy” people: more like advertising ciphers than dramatic characters. Varda herself referenced Impressionist painting as a source of the film’s aesthetics. The purposes of this vivid, chromatic intertextual and intermedial source, in relation to the rhetoric of commercial and popular culture, demand attention. Varda studied art history and connected the milieu of Le Bonheur, the Parisian exurbs, their petit-bourgeois and working-class populace, and bucolic leisure, artisanal and industrial settings, to the modernity of 19th-century Impressionism. Le Bonheur uses an Impressionist picturesque dialectically, in relation to a pop contemporaneity, to observe and critique an ideological genealogy of capitalism and its oppression of women.
Velázquez, Wagner and the Red Skull. Intermediality and the Genesis of Meaning in a Particular Scene ofCaptain America: The First Avenger
Authors: Nagy Dániel
Published: April 2021

In the 2011 superhero movie,Captain America: The First Avenger(produced by Marvel Studios, directed by Joe Johnston) the main opponent of the title character is a Nazi officer, Johann Schmidt, who turns out to be a kind of superhuman entity, the Red Skull. Throughout the movie, viewers can follow the process of him gradually leaving behind his identity as a Nazi officer, and presenting himself as the leader of the occult-high-tech terrorist organization, the Hydra. At a certain point we can see him visited by one of the scientists working for him, Doctor Zola, whom he puts wise to his plans. During the conversation a portrait is being painted of the Red Skull, but we cannot see his face, only that the artist uses a huge amount of red paint. In the background, excerpts of Wagner’s operas are being played, which is very unusual in a Marvel movie. The question is, should the viewer recognize the diegetic music and notice the possible reference to the paintingLas Meninasby Velázquez? How the detection of these intermedial references and the awareness of the act of trespassing media borders would affect the semiotic processes of interpretation? And also, how would the more precise identification of the cited materials change the semiotic modality of intermediality here? The article tries to answer these questions by interpreting the scene and the role of the references in question within the entire film through the prism of intermedial semiotics.
On the local convergence of the Modified Newton method
Authors: Măruşter Ştefan
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the local convergence of the Modified Newton method, i.e. the classical Newton method in which the first derivative is re-evaluated periodically after m steps. The convergence order is shown to be m + 1. A new algorithm is proposed for the estimation the convergence radius of the method. We propose also a threshold for the number of steps after which is recommended to re-evaluate the first derivative in the Modified Newton method.
Increasing the order of convergence of multistep methods for solving systems of equations under weak conditions
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh , Erappa Shobha M.
Published: April 2021

In the present paper, we consider a construction proposed in Xiao and Yin (2016) to improve the order of convergence of the method from p to p + 2m under weaker assumptions. Using the idea of restricted convergence domains we extend the applicability of the method considered by Xiao and Yin (2016). Numerical examples where earlier results cannot apply to solve equations but our results can apply are also given in this study.