bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical variables associated with major adverse cardiac events following radical cystectomy
Authors: Gurayah Aaron A. , Blachman‐Braun Ruben , Machado Christopher J. , Mason Matthew M. , Hougen Helen Y. , Mouzannar Ali , Gonzalgo Mark L. , Nahar Bruno , Punnen Sanoj , Parekh Dipen J. , Ritch Chad R.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study is to investigate the association between major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and clinical factors of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis using the 2015–2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was performed on patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer. MACE was defined as any report of cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, or thromboembolic events (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis). A multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression was conducted to identify clinical predictors of postoperative MACE.

Results

A total of 10 308 (84.2%) patients underwent RC with incontinent urinary diversion (iUD), and 1938 (15.8%) underwent RC with continent urinary diversion (cUD). A total of 629 (5.1%) patients recorded a MACE, and on the multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression, it was shown that MACE was significantly associated with increased age (OR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.024–1.046, p < 0.001), obesity (OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.266–1.978, p < 0.001), current smokers (OR = 1.386, 95% CI: 1.130–1.700, p = 0.002), congestive heart failure before surgery (OR = 1.991, 95% CI: 1.016–3.900; p = 0.045), hypertension (OR = 1.209, 95% CI: 1.016–1.453, p = 0.043), and increase the surgical time (per 10 min increase, OR = 1.010, 95% CI: 1.003–1.017, p = 0.009). We also report that increased age, obesity, and patients undergoing cUD (OR = 1.368, 95% CI: 1.040–1.798; p = 0.025) are associated with thromboembolic events.

Conclusion

By considering the preoperative characteristics of patients, including age, obesity, smoking, congestive heart failure, and hypertension status, urologists may be able to decrease the incidence of MACE in patients undergoing RC. Urologists should aim for lower operative times as this was associated with a decreased risk of thromboembolic events.
Evaluation of cardiotoxicity of anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy regimens in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas: A study of the FDA adverse event reporting system joint single‐center real‐world experience
Authors: Mo Zeming , Deng Yaotiao , Bao Yiwen , Liu Jie , Jiang Yu
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To assess the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in patients with tumors receiving anthracycline‐based chemotherapy, especially for sarcomas.

Methods

This study summarized the types and frequency of adverse events (AEs) for three anthracyclines from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database. FAERS data from January 2004 to June 2022 were collected and analyzed. Disproportionality analyses, logistic regression, and descriptive analysis were used to compare the differences in cardiac disorders. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single center between December 2008 and May 2022. Our hospital‐treated patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTSs) with anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy were analyzed. Serum markers, echocardiography, and electrocardiography have been used to evaluate cardiotoxic events.

Results

One hundred thousand and seventy‐five AE reports were obtained for doxorubicin (ADM), epirubicin (EPI), and liposome doxorubicin (L‐ADM) from the FAERS database. ADM (OR = 3.1, p < 0.001), EPI (OR = 1.5, p < 0.001), and sarcomas (OR = 1.8, p < 0.001) may increase the probability of cardiac disorders. Cardiac failure, cardiotoxicity, and cardiomyopathy were anthracyclines' top 3 frequent AEs. Among patients receiving ADM‐containing therapy, those with ADM applied at doses ≥75 mg/m2/cycle were more likely to develop cardiac disorders than the other subgroups (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001). Patients younger than 18 are more likely to benefit from dexrazoxane prevention of cardiac failure. Six hundred and eighty‐three patients with BSTSs receiving anthracycline‐based chemotherapy were analyzed in our center. Patients receiving ADM‐containing chemotherapy were likelier to experience abnormalities in serum troponin‐T and left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.05). 2.0% (6/300) of patients receiving ADM‐containing chemotherapy required adjustment of the chemotherapy regimen because of cardiotoxicity, whereas none were in the EPI or L‐ADM groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among patients receiving anthracycline‐containing therapy, patients with BSTSs were more likely to develop cardiac disorders than other tumors. In addition, patients with BSTSs receiving ADM chemotherapy had a higher likelihood of cardiotoxic events than those receiving EPI or L‐ADM.
Iterative re‐weighted multilinear partial least squares modelling for robust predictive modelling
Authors: Mishra Puneet , Liland Kristian Hovde
Published: December 2023

Higher order data are commonly encountered in the domain of chemometrics, often generated by advanced analytical instruments. Due to the multilinear nature of the data, higher order data require different regression approaches compared with traditional two‐way data for predictive modelling. The main aim is usually to extract the rich multilinear information, which is often lost if the data are simply analysed in unfolded form. A common algorithm for multilinear predictive modelling is N‐way partial least squares (NPLS). However, a limitation of NPLS is that it inherently does not handle outlying observations, which can be detrimental to the model. This work presents a new robust multilinear predictive modelling approach based on iterative down‐weighting of the outlier observations in both predictor and response space. A key benefit of the method is that it only requires a single extra parameter to tune. In this work, the algorithm is described, and the method is demonstrated on three real multilinear data sets. In all cases, the presented method outperformed the traditional NPLS modelling regarding the root mean squared error of prediction.
Open circuit fault diagnosis of wind power converter based on VMD energy entropy and time domain feature analysis
Authors: Bai Xiaoze , Li Mingduo , Di Zhigang , Dong Weichao , Liang Jing , Zhang Jingxuan , Sun Hexu
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the shortcomings of feature extraction and fault identification in fault diagnosis of wind power converters, a novel method for open circuit fault diagnosis of wind power converters based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) energy entropy (EE) and time domain feature analysis (TDFA) is proposed. Primarily, the three‐phase output current at the grid side of the wind power converter is collected as the original signal, and the VMD is used to decompose the original signal into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMF). To reduce noise interference as much as possible, the Pearson correlation coefficient between each mode component and the original signal under different fault states is analyzed, and the IMF component containing the major failure features is selected to calculate the energy entropy of each component; afterward, according to the Pearson correlation coefficient results, the modal components of the first layer are selected for time domain feature analysis; finally, the feature matrix that combines energy entropy and time domain feature analysis is inputted into the long short‐term memory neural network for training and fault identification. The simulation and experimental results show that the open circuit fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper has high accuracy and robustness.
Ten Resolutions for the Energy Industry in 2024
Authors: Price Jason , Shah Niki
Published: December 2023

Welcome to the fourth edition of the annual Top Ten Resolutions for the utility industry. These ten resolutions illustrate a renewed vigor and determination entering the New Year to make progress toward accomplishing so many things. Now armed with unprecedented federal funding and a majority of public support, the call for modernizing our energy system action and subsequent acceleration of this action is louder than ever. While utility priorities continue to change as the industry and world transform to a clean energy economy, utilities continue to rise to the occasion, and utility leadership continues to seize opportunities with a continued mission to deliver safe, reliable, clean, and low‐cost energy.
Resting state functional connectivity associated with impaired proprioception post‐stroke
Authors: Kenzie Jeffrey M. , Rajashekar Deepthi , Goodyear Bradley G. , Dukelow Sean P.
Published: December 2023

Deficits in proprioception, the knowledge of limb position and movement in the absence of vision, occur in ~50% of all strokes; however, our lack of knowledge of the neurological mechanisms of these deficits diminishes the effectiveness of rehabilitation and prolongs recovery. We performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on stroke patients to determine functional brain networks that exhibited changes in connectivity in association with proprioception deficits determined by a Kinarm robotic exoskeleton assessment. Thirty stroke participants were assessed for proprioceptive impairments using a Kinarm robot and underwent resting‐state fMRI at 1 month post‐stroke. Age‐matched healthy control (n = 30) fMRI data were also examined and compared to stroke data in terms of the functional connectivity of brain regions associated with proprioception. Stroke patients exhibited reduced connectivity of the supplementary motor area and the supramarginal gyrus, relative to controls. Functional connectivity of these regions plus primary somatosensory cortex and parietal opercular area was significantly associated with proprioceptive function. The parietal lobe of the lesioned hemisphere is a significant node for proprioception after stroke. Assessment of functional connectivity of this region after stroke may assist with prognostication of recovery. This study also provides potential targets for therapeutic neurostimulation to aid in stroke recovery.
Prognostic value of insulin resistance in patients with female reproductive system malignancies: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yue , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xi , Ge Yi‐Zhong , Ruan Guo‐Tian , Xie Hai‐Lun , Liu Tong , Song Meng‐Meng , Deng Li , Shi Han‐Ping
Published: December 2023

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) and systemic inflammation are common in patients with cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. Few studies have reported IR in female reproductive system malignancies. This study investigated the prognostic value of IR and systemic inflammation in this population.

Methods

A prospective multicenter real‐world cohort study involving 571 patients diagnosed with female reproductive system malignancies was conducted. Lipid ratios (low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol [LHR], total cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol [TCHR], triglyceride/HDL‐cholesterol [TGHR], fasting triglyceride/glucose [TyG]) were used to reflect IR. Optimal cut‐off values were determined using maximally selected rank statistics. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were used to calculate the hazard ratios for overall survival.

Results

Over half (55.90%) of the 571 patients with female reproductive system malignancies (mean age: 52 years) had cervical cancer. Both IR and inflammation were negatively correlated with overall survival in female reproductive system cancer patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that patients with high LHR (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.25, p = .046), high TCHR (HR: 1.90, 95% CI:1.22–2.95, p = .005), high TGHR (HR: 1.66, 95% CI:1.17–2.36, p = .004), high TyG (HR: 1.64, 95% CI:1.13–2.40, p = .010), high neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR, HR: 2.03, 95% CI:1.44–2.86, p = .004) were significantly associated with worse prognosis. By calculating the concordance index of the four IR surrogate indicators, TyG was the most valuable indicator for the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. High TyG combined with high NLR had improved prognostic value (HR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.97–5.26, p < .001).

Conclusions

IR can be used as an independent predictor of prognosis in the female reproductive system malignancy population regardless of the IR substitution index. The combination of TyG and NLR could better predict the prognostic outcomes of women with breast cancer.
Association between COVID‐19 and sensorineural hearing loss: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study in European and East Asian population
Authors: Wang Fengyang , Yin Qiuyuan , Zhu Lei
Published: December 2023

Background

Long coronavirus disease (COVID), characterized by persistent and sometimes debilitating symptoms following a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, has garnered increasing attention as a potential public health crisis. Emerging evidence indicates a higher incidence of hearing loss in individuals who have had COVID 2019 (COVID‐19) compared to the general population. However, the conclusions were inconsistent, and the causal relationship between COVID‐19 and sensorineural hearing loss remains unknown.

Methods

To addresses this outstanding issue, we performed Mendelian randomization analysis to detect the causal association between COVID‐19 and hearing loss using the largest genome‐wide association study data to date in the European population and confirmed the results in the East Asian population. Comprehensively sensitive analyses were followed, including Cochran's Q test, Mendelian randomization (MR)‐Egger intercept test, MR‐pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and leave‐one‐out analysis, to validate the robustness of our results.

Results

Our results suggested that there is no causal association between COVID‐19 and the risk of hearing loss in the European population. Neither the susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity of COVID‐19 on hearing loss (inverse variance weighted method: odds ratio (OR) = 1.046, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.907–1.205, p = .537; OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.956–1.036, p = .823; OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.967–1.025, p = .76). Replicated analyses in the East Asian population yielded consistent results. No pleiotropy and heterogeneity were found in our results.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our MR results do not support a genetically predicted causal relationship between COVID‐19 and sensorineural hearing loss. Thus, the associations observed in prior observational studies may have been influenced by confounding factors rather than a direct cause‐and‐effect relationship. More clinical and mechanism research are needed to further understand this association in the future.
Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation
Authors: Ahn Se Hee , Jang Se‐Kyeong , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Gyeongmi , Park Ki Soo , Park In‐Chul , Jin Hyeon‐Ok
Published: December 2023

Thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) is sensitive to oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of various metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, several studies have suggested that TXNIP is a promising therapeutic target for several diseases, particularly cancer and diabetes. However, the regulation of TXNIP expression under amino acid (AA)‐restricted conditions is not well understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that TXNIP expression was promoted by the deprivation of AAs, especially arginine, glutamine, lysine, and methionine, in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Interestingly, we determined that increased TXNIP expression induced by AA deprivation was associated with nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) downregulation, but not with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) activation. Furthermore, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressed TXNIP expression in NSCLC cells deprived of AA. Collectively, the induction of TXNIP expression by AA deprivation was mediated by ROS production, potentially through NRF2 downregulation. Our findings suggest that TXNIP expression may be associated with the redox homeostasis of AA metabolism and provide a possible rationale for a therapeutic strategy to treat cancer with AA restriction.
The polymethine nature of Vis/NIR chromophores
Authors: Dähne Siegfried , Yesudas Kada , Dekhtyar Marina
Published: December 2023

The polymethine concept is known to rationalize a plethora of spectroscopic issues, thus finding wide applications in modern color theory. This approach was questioned by the arguments in the relevant “dye” literature. Based on the critical analysis of these arguments, the errors are clarified and the superiority of the polymethine concept above other attempts to qualitatively explain color and constitution relationships is exemplified at relevant dye molecules absorbing in the visible and near‐infrared spectral region. The classical chromophore theory, topological approaches, different‐level semiempirical techniques, and DFT/ab initio methods are comparatively analyzed to interpret the optical effects of structural modifications in conjugated compounds regarded as polymethine derivatives.
Serological methods for the detection of antibodies against monkeypox virus applicable for laboratories with different biosafety levels
Authors: Grossegesse Marica , Stern Daniel , Hofmann Natalie , Surtees Rebecca , Kohl Claudia , Michel Janine , Nitsche Andreas
Published: December 2023

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 has renewed interest in the detection of antibodies against orthopox viruses (OPXV) and MPXV, as serological methods can aid diagnostics and are key to epidemiological studies. Here three complementary serological methods are described with different strengths to aid the development and evaluation of in‐house assays: An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for specific detection of IgG and IgM, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for higher sample throughput to aid epidemiological studies and a neutralization test to detect virus neutralizing antibodies. As implementation of MPXV‐specific diagnostics is often hampered by the requirement for a dedicated biosafety level 3 laboratory (BSL‐3), the focus of this study is on biosafety aspects to facilitate safe testing also under BSL‐2 conditions. To this aim, it was analyzed whether OPXV, which can be handled under BSL‐2 conditions, could be used as less virulent alternatives to MPXV. Furthermore, an inactivation method was established to remove up to five log‐steps of infectious virus particles from viraemic sera without compromising antibody detection. The results show that immunological cross‐reactivity between OPXV provides an opportunity for the interchangeable usage of different OPXV species in serological assays, enabling MPXV serology outside of BSL‐3 facilities.
Clinical implication of the patient's disease awareness and adherence to medications in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Sawada Masanaru , Otsuka Naoto , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ryuta , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hayashida Satoshi , Hirata Shu , Hirata Moyuru , Kurokawa Sayaka , Okumura Yasuo
Published: December 2023

Background

The effects of the patient's disease awareness on the management of postablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) are unknown.

Methods

One hundred thirty‐three AF patients undergoing an initial ablation were given a disease awareness questionnaire with a score of 16 points (8 points about AF in general and 8 points about oral anticoagulants) for the Jessa Atrial Fibrillation Knowledge Questionnaire (JAKQ) before and 1‐year‐after ablation. We divided them into the poor disease awareness group and good disease awareness group according to the median value (75%) of the total JAKQ score about AF in general, and compared the baseline patient characteristics and the 1‐year changes in the JAKQ score, medication adherence, blood pressure, laboratory data, echocardiographic parameters, and AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence rate between the two groups.

Results

Forty‐two (31.6%) patients were classified as having poor disease awareness (<75% of the total JAKQ score), which was closely associated with poor medication adherence, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and greater left atrial volume (LAV). These trends in the poor disease awareness group remained unchanged 1 year after the ablation. During the 25.3‐month follow‐up, the AF/AT recurrence rate was significantly higher in the poor disease awareness than the good disease awareness group (23.8% vs. 7.7%; p = .003 by the log‐rank test).

Conclusions

Poor disease awareness was linked to poor medication adherence, lifestyle‐related diseases, and greater LAV before and even 1 year after the ablation, making it a potential surrogate marker for AF/AT recurrence. These findings highlight the clinical significance of disease awareness in AF management.
Investigation of the antibiotic residues of broiler meat in northern Iran
Authors: Vahedi Nouri Nasrollah , Salehi Alireza
Published: December 2023

Background

Antibiotic residues have always been one of the major concerns of consumers, especially when it comes to animal products. On the one hand, chicken meat has the highest consumption proportion in Iran. On the other hand, sadly due to the specific physiological properties of this animal and its breeding system, the administration of drugs such as antibiotics is very common. Consequently, the health effects of these drugs must be investigated, because their effects on human health are unignorable. In this regard, this research examined the residues of antibiotics in industrial poultry meat in Mazandaran province by employing the Premi‐Test method.

Results

Accordingly, by testing 200 carcasses from 40 poultry farms in Mazandaran province for a year, it was shown that a total of 108 carcasses (54%) contained antibiotic residues. Moreover, it was observed that the frequency of carcasses with antibiotic residues in different seasons was different, including Winter with 36 cases, Autumn with 28 cases, Summer with 24 cases, and Spring with 20 cases.

Conclusion

Despite the difference between the mean percentages of antibiotic carcasses in different seasons, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, more strict laws and monitoring programs are needed for reducing the current amounts of antibiotic residues in broilers.
Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis and Follow‐Up of Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD)
Authors: Just‐Sarobé Miquel , Sánchez‐Puigdollers Anna , Mohino‐Farré Nerea , Martin‐Callizo Clara , Pujol‐Montcusí Josep A. , Pastor‐Jane Laia
Published: December 2023

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin tumor that manifests as poorly delimited lesions located mainly in genital area. Prognosis correlates with thickness and dermal invasion. The gold standard for diagnosis is the histopathological study of a biopsy. However, this technique is invasive and only shows a small area of the tumor. A good correlation has been reported between ultrasounds (US) and histopathologic finding. Moreover, a US examination has the advantages of wide availability, noninvasiveness, low cost, ease of use, and real‐time scanning. We review the ultrasound signs described for this disease.
Effect of temperature during flowering, pod set, and seed development on yield components and accumulation of protein, starch, and low molecular weight carbohydrates in two faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars
Authors: Lundby Anne Marthe , Waalen Wendy , Uhlen Anne Kjersti , Knutsen Svein Halvor , Wold Anne‐Berit
Published: December 2023

The aim was to explore the impact of temperature during seed development on yield performance and seed quality in faba bean when grown at cool temperatures representative for high latitude regions. Two varieties, an early and a medium late maturing, were grown in climate chambers with three temperature regimes (day/night temperatures of 14°C/12°C, 19°C/12°C, and 24°C/12°C) from onset of flowering to maturation. Yield components were recorded, and the accumulation of protein, starch, and low molecular weight carbohydrates including the raffinose family oligosaccharides was followed during the accumulation phase until physiological maturity. The lower temperature regimes strongly delayed pod and seed development compared with 24°C/12°C. Temperature affected the number of pods per plant for the upper node group. Plants grown at 19°C had the highest total dry seed weight compared with plants grown at 14°C and 24°C. Temperature per se did not influence the content of starch, protein, and low molecular weight carbohydrates, while their accumulation followed the moisture content in the seed, and thus the seed development stage. The content of raffinose family oligosaccharides increased sharply when the seed moisture dropped below 70% and leveled off at about 40% and 50% moisture for verbascose and stachyose, respectively, coinciding with physiological maturity. The results provide more knowledge about the seed maturation and accumulation in faba bean under low temperatures, important for cultivation under high latitude regions.
Naringin Protects against Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Autophagic Flux and Lipophagy
Authors: Guan Lingling , Guo Lan , Zhang Heng , Liu Hao , Zhou Wenling , Zhai Yuanyuan , Yan Xu , Men Xiuli , Peng Liang
Published: December 2023

The autophagic degradation of lipid droplets, termed lipophagy, is the main mechanism contributing to lipid consumption in hepatocytes. Identifying effective and safe natural compounds that target lipophagy to eliminate excess lipids may be a potential therapeutic strategy for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the effects of naringin on NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms involved are investigated. Naringin treatment effectively relieves HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis in mice and inhibits PA‐induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Increased p62 and LC3‐II levels are observed with excess lipid support autophagosome accumulation and impaired autophagic flux. Treatment with naringin restores TFEB‐mediated lysosomal biogenesis, thereby promoting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, restoring impaired autophagic flux and further inducing lipophagy. However, the knockdown of TFEB in hepatocytes or the hepatocyte‐specific knockout of TFEB in mice abrogates naringin‐induced lipophagy, eliminating its therapeutic effect on hepatic steatosis. These results demonstrate that TFEB‐mediated lysosomal biogenesis and subsequent lipophagy play essential roles in the ability of naringin to mitigate hepatic steatosis and suggest that naringin is a promising drug for treating NAFLD.
Treatment of high‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma with a modified Stanford V regimen in the AHOPCA: Substituting chemotherapy agents and hampered outcomes
Authors: Luna‐Fineman Sandra , Castellanos Mauricio , Metzger Monika L. , Baez L. Fulgencio , Peña Hernandez Armando , Bonilla Miguel , Fuentes‐Alabi Soad , Nieves Rosa , Blanco Jessica , Rossi Emanuela , Devidas Meenakshi , Chen Yichen , Arreola Magda , de Alarcon Pedro A.
Published: December 2023

Background/objectives

High‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HRHL) in children is curable with combined modality therapy. The Association of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology of Central America (AHOPCA) is a consortium of cancer centers from Central America. In 2004, AHOPCA implemented a guideline with a short course of chemotherapy (mStanfordV), strict diagnostics, and radiation guidelines, aimed at reducing abandonment and improving outcomes.

Methods

Newly diagnosed children less than 18 years of age with high‐risk HL (Ann Arbor stages: IIB, IIIB, IV) from AHOPCA centers were staged with chest radiography and ultrasound or computed tomography. Therapy was a modified Stanford V (mStanfordV), substituting cyclophosphamide for mechlorethamine and involved field radiation.

Results

Of 219 patients with HRHL, 181 patients were eligible and evaluable; 146 (81%) were boys, 22% being less than 6 years; 43 were stage IIB, 84 IIIB, and 54 IV. Thirty‐one (17%) abandoned therapy, 28 (15%) progressed, 30 (17%) relapsed, and eight (4%) died of toxicity. Radiation guidelines were not followed. Five‐year abandonment‐sensitive event‐free survival and overall survival (AS‐EFS, AS‐OS ± SE) for the cohort were 46% ± 4% and 56% ± 4%; 5‐year AS‐OS for stages IIB, IIIB, and IV was 76% ± 7%, 59% ± 7%, and 35% ± 7% (p = .0006).

Conclusion

Despite instituting a short treatment guideline, it did not improve the abandonment rate (17%) and did not achieve the reported outcomes of Stanford V. The cyclophosphamide dose used to replace merchlorethamine was inadequate. Despite strict guidelines, the radiation therapy application was inaccurate. Weekly chemotherapy may have adversely affected abandonment of therapy by increasing the burden of travel time. Based on these results, AHOPCA established a new abandonment strategy and a new guideline.
Improving safety at scale via concise, impactful diabetes training for all health and social care staff
Authors: Miller Ruth , Ward Candice
Published: December 2023

Diabetes 10 Point Training (D10PT) was developed collaboratively due to evidence that there is an urgent ongoing need for diabetes training among all levels of health care workers.

A good understanding of diabetes is key to patient safety across the entire patient pathway including health and social care sectors.

D10PT is translatable across all care settings with ability to reach staff and now, utilising the Cambridge Diabetes Education Programmes (CDEP) online platform, is available at scale and provides frontline staff with readily‐accessible basic diabetes training that is highly relevant to their role.

We want to share our experiences of providing high‐quality, standardised and scalable, but appropriately targeted diabetes training to frontline non‐diabetes specialist staff and the impact it has on the outcomes of people living with all types of diabetes. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Variation in the reporting of glucose values during simultaneous glucose sensor wear
Authors: Sutton Hannah , Boughton Charlotte K , Allen Janet M , Ware Julia , Wilinska Malgorzata E , Hartnell Sara , Thankamony Ajay , Randell Tabitha , Ghatak Atrayee , Besser Rachel EJ , Elleri Daniela , Trevelyan Nicola , Campbell Fiona M , Hovorka Roman ,   CLOuD Consortium
Published: December 2023

Background: We evaluated variations in glucose values recorded by simultaneously worn glucose sensors.

Method: Children (n=44) randomised to the hybrid closed‐loop arm of the CLOuD study (Closed‐Loop from Onset of Diabetes) had multiple two‐week periods of simultaneous sensor wear (sensors A and B or sensors C and D worn together) during unrestricted living. Glucose metrics were calculated from each sensor and paired sample T‐tests were used to evaluate differences.

Results: Sensor A recorded lower mean glucose by 0.4mmol/L (95% CI ‐0.8, ‐0.1) (mean±SD 7.6±0.5mmol/L vs 8.0±0.9mmol/L), 2.1 percentage points (95% CI ‐3.4, ‐0.9) less time <3.9mmol/L (median [IQR] 3.2% [2.3, 4.4] vs 4.3% [2.5, 7.4]), and 7.9 percentage points (95% CI 5.0,10.7) greater time 3.9–10.0mmol/L (78.7±5.1% vs 70.8±8.0%) than sensor B. Sensor C recorded higher mean glucose by 1.2mmol/L (95% CI 1.0, 1.5) (8.3±0.7mmol/L vs 7.1±2.7mmol/L), 9.9 percentage points (95% CI ‐11.8, ‐8.0) less time <3.9mmol/L (median [IQR] 2.2% [1.6, 3.4] vs 12.8% [8.0, 17.2]), and 3.9 percentage points (95% CI 2.2, 5.7) greater time 3.9–10.0mmol/L (73.1±6.9% vs 69.2±8.3%) than sensor D.

Conclusions: There is significant variability in reporting of glucose values by different sensors worn during unrestricted living. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Psychological and physiological stress and stressors in early childhood educators: An observational pilot study
Authors: Bates Randi A. , Dynia Jaclyn M.
Published: December 2023

While early childhood educators' mental health is important, it may also affect the well‐being and education of their students. Yet, little research has described the stress and stressors of early childhood educators (ECEs), particularly as the pandemic wanes. This pilot study aimed to (1) describe ECEs' psychological and physiological stress and (2) examine the association between ECEs' psychological and physiological stress levels with stressors. A convenience sample of 67 ECEs, serving children 0–5 years old, from 13 early educational centers completed surveys on psychological stress (perceived stress, anxiety, and depression), stressors (economic hardship, food insecurity, and adverse childhood experiences), and demographics in Fall 2021. A subsample of ECEs provided hair samples, analyzed for cortisol, to estimate physiologic stress. Regarding stress, 63% met the criteria for major depressive disorder and 41% for generalized anxiety disorder. Only 26% were taking medications to manage mental health. About 25% experienced the stressors of food insecurity and economic hardship, and 80% experienced at least one adverse childhood experience. Only education level significantly predicted perceived stress and depression—above and beyond stressors, household income, race, and age. The results have policy and practice implications for implementing evidence‐based solutions to buffer stress and stressors in ECEs.
Home buyout without relocation: An examination of dissonant hazard mitigation perceptions among Gulf Coast residents
Authors: Hotard Abbey E. , Ross Ashley D.
Published: December 2023

Relocation has become a major thrust of hazard mitigation policy. Home buyout programs are currently the primary policy tool to facilitate permanent voluntary relocation of households out of flood‐prone areas. This study seeks to evaluate public perceptions of relocation and home buyouts to better understand: Are home buyouts perceived by the public as a means to relocate away from risk? If not—who has dissonant perceptions? An original survey of Gulf Coast residents demonstrates that about 30% of households have dissonant perceptions of home buyout programs in relation to relocation away from disaster risk. Among those with aligned perceptions, individuals with higher risk perceptions and disaster experiences are more likely to consider relocating and participating in a home buyout; the same is not evident among those with dissonant perceptions. The individual‐level factors associated with dissonant relocation‐home buyout perceptions suggest that this part of the community may be misdirecting efforts and resources dedicated for community‐wide hazard risk reduction. These findings should be used to develop more efficient policy tools to facilitate retreat from the most flood‐prone areas.
In‐Plane Chemical Ordering (Mo2/3R1/3)2AlB2 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) i‐MAB Phases and their Two‐Dimensional Derivatives (MBene): Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic, and Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Chong He , Chen Zhaohui , Guo Hongyun , Zhao Ni , Yao Guiquan , Yang Jiaxin , Deng Wenyu , Lu Yanjun , Qi Lijun , Yu Tao , Wang Qiang , Cui Weibin
Published: December 2023

A family of hexagonal in‐plane chemical ordering (Mo2/3R1/3)2AlB2 (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) i‐MAB phases are synthesized with R‐3m hexagonal structure. The i‐MAB phases with R = Tb to Tm are considered to have a nonlinear ferromagnetic‐like coupling magnetic ground state with gradually weakened magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to variant R‐R distances and 4f electrons. Their 2D derivatives (2D‐MBene) with rare‐earth (R) atom vacancies are obtained by chemical etching. The delamination solvent, surface functional terminations, and chemical bond of 2D‐MBene can be modified by one‐step nitridation in environment‐friendly nitrogen instead of ammonia. A phase conversion is caused by nitridation at 973 K from 2D‐MBene to Mo2N, leading to the optimized specific capacitance of 229 F g−1. Besides exploring more rare‐earth‐containing laminated boride systems, this work also demonstrates the promising application of their 2D derivatives with R vacancies in supercapacitors.
Sustainable Digital Transformation in Finance, Tourism, Transport, Entertainment and Social Innovation
Authors: Zarifis Alex , Efthymiou Leonidas , Cheng Xusen
Published: December 2023

While it is clear that organizations must move quickly in implementing digital transformation so they are not left behind, it is not always clear what the final destination should be and how to get there. The research presented here covers several specific cases of digital transformation. The cases offer insight in the areas of finance, tourism, transport, entertainment and social innovation, but there are also nine overarching themes: (1) The leaders in digital transformation will constantly innovate, while the laggards in digital transformation will have a stop-start approach. (2) There are no simple answers, or a single way to go forward, with digital transformation. (3) Each sector of the economy has its own opportunities, challenges and must find its own path forward. (4) Changes in one sector of the economy, such as the financial sector, will send a ripple of change across other sectors of the economy. (5) Change needs a shared vision, and digital transformation needs leaders to create the shared vision. (6) Digital transformation needs trust and cooperation on every level: Teams, organizations, governments and super-organizations like the EU. (7) People will still have a role: Staff, customers and other stakeholders are still important. (8) There is a dark side of digital transformation that may have not been fully revealed to us yet. (9) Digital transformation should happen hand in hand with sustainability and resilience.There is an ongoing digital transformation with an increasing diffusion of technologies that are acting as a catalyst for business advancement.
Focus on Skills for a Circular Built Environment in a New Curriculum Development
Authors: Haase Matthias , Wrase Isabelle , Wang-Speiser Zifei
Published: December 2023

Despite the increased research regarding the sustainability transition towards the circular economy (CE) model, the existing literature on adopting and implementing the CE concept reinforcing educational approaches in secondary education seems limited. Considering the current challenges and the critical role of education to empower built environment management students to explore new paths of sustainable development and grow into active citizens, conscious producers, and consumers, this contribution investigates new ways of effective tools for teaching CE and sustainability concepts. The literature review has revealed a research gap regarding the formulation of educational approaches to effectively support CE concepts for higher education students, particularly in Swiss Facility Management education. The paper describes and critically discusses how an introduction of CE to master-level students to the circularity and sustainability perspective, prepare them to build prosperity, and act circularly in the future. A list of skills is presented which can be bundled into one holistic education. This provides valuable information for developing suitable programme in Higher Education which aims at the use and development of competitive methods and solutions for managing existing and new buildings that will contribute to lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the production, use, management, and demolition of architecture in a life-cycle perspective should be based on these skills.
Agricultural Biomass Ash as a Circular Building Material: Connecting Agriculture and Construction Industry
Authors: Draganić Suzana , Šupić Slobodan , Laban Mirjana , Malešev Mirjana , Radonjanin Vlastimir , Bulatović Vesna , Lukić Ivan , Bukvić Olivera
Published: December 2023

Previous studies have indicated that agricultural biomass ash is an important resource with great potential for the construction sector. To valorize agricultural waste (as a renewable energy source and as a supplementary cementitious material—SCM), the crucial steps in the integrated management system of the circular economy cycle are the establishment and maintenance of database on crop production, namely, on harvest residues amount and quantity and quality of available biomass ash. The purpose of the study was to establish a multi-level georeferenced interactive database (map) on the produced quantities of agricultural biomass ash and cement consumption in Vojvodina region (Republic of Serbia), based on the analysis of agricultural biomass ash stream through three sectors as potential actors of the supply chain: agriculture (biomass producers)—industry (biomass users)—construction industry (users of biomass ash). Conducted research indicates the annual potential of over 2.4 million tons of harvest residues from corn, wheat, soya and sunflower, available for energy purposes in Vojvodina region. The potentially available amount of ash that might be generated annually by harvest residues combustion is estimated at over 196 thousand tons. Identified available amount of biomass ash (4.2 thousand tons) indicates an extremely low utilization (~2%) of the biomass potential. On an annual basis, all current agricultural biomass ash production can be used for partial cement substitution up to 30% in six construction companies. However, the generated ash is mostly disposed of in municipal landfills, which represents the end of the waste stream.
Key Indicators for Evaluating the Energy Efficiency Improvement of the Renovated Building Facades
Authors: Sofronievska Liljana Dimevska , Knezevic Milos , Cvetkovska Meri , Gavriloska Ana Trombeva , Mihajlovska Teodora
Published: December 2023

Adopting the circular economy (CE) principles in building sector can reduce the quantity of materials used for the renovation of existing buildings, improve their energy performance and sustainability and minimize harmful emissions embodied in building materials. The main key indicators for energy performance evaluation of buildings, related to CE principles are: transmission losses, heating and electricity energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), thermal comfort and financial costs for building maintenance. The building stock from the sixties and seventies is still in use, but from the aspect of energy efficiency, it shows a low level. From that reason, all these buildings have to be renovated. The effects of the renovation can be followed by the values of the key indicators. A simulation of a renovated scenario of an existing building was carried out and the results are presented in this paper. The analyzed building was built only in nature concrete without any facade thermal insulation. One of the renovation conditions was the appearance of the building should not be changed. An aerogel thermal plaster, which is nanomaterial with high thermal properties, was applied on the building facade. The results shows that the energy performance of the building is significantly improved in terms of reducing the heating energy consumption by 65%, electrical energy consumption by 40%, CO2 emissions by 55%, PM10 particles by 46%, and the financial costs by 49%. According to the key indicators, it is found out that the renovation with appropriate material can significantly improve the building functionality.
BIM for Enhancing the Energy Efficiency and Sustainability of Existing Buildings
Authors: Sofronievska Liljana Dimevska , Cvetkovska Meri , Gavriloska Ana Trombeva , Mihajlovska Teodora
Published: December 2023

Most of the buildings of the post-earthquake period in Skopje are built in “beton-brut” architectural style and nowadays, they are treated as an important cultural heritage of the city. Unfortunately, the envelope of those buildings is built without thermal insulation materials and consequently, they are large energy consumers responsible for tons of CO2 emission per year. They don’t meet today’s criteria for energy efficiency and the circular economy (CE) practices can hardly be implemented. But, if circularity is understood from the aspect of prolonging their use and improving comfort instead of destroying them, as well as reducing the negative effects caused by their use, then it can be said that the principles of CE have been achieved. In order to improve the energy performance and the building sustainability, as well as to prolong the lifespan with minimal impact on the authentic façade appearance, a renovation with a new façade nanomaterial with high thermal properties is proposed. The simulations of the existing building and the renovated scenario using Building Information Modeling (BIM) is conducted and comparative analyses between the actual condition and the improved scenario of the building are carried out. According to the simulation results, by adding the new material on the façade a significant improvement in the building's energy performance is achieved. It can be concluded that BIM has a great potential in assessing the improvement of energy efficiency of buildings and the possible implementation of CE for existing buildings.
Localization of spinor fields in higher-dimensional braneworlds
Authors: Wan Jun-Jie , Liu Yu-Xiao
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the localization of spinor fields in braneworld models by reducing a Dirac spinor in 2n + 2-dimensional spacetime to spinors in 2n dimensions. The high-dimensional Dirac can be reduced to low-dimensional spinors including Weyl or Dirac. In conformally flat extra-dimensional spacetime, fermions cannot be localized through minimal coupling with gravity. To achieve the localization of spinor fields, we introduce a tensor coupling term given by $$ \overline{\Psi}{\Gamma}^M{\Gamma}^N{\Gamma}^P\cdots {T}_{MNP\cdots}\Psi $$

Ψ
¯

Γ
M

Γ
N

Γ
P

⋯

T

MNP
⋯

Ψ
, which ensures SO(n, 1) symmetry. For a tensor TMNP⋯ of odd order, the left and right chiralities of high-dimensional spinors are decoupled. We find that a special form of tensor coupling $$ \overline{\Psi}{\Gamma}^M{\partial}_MF\left(\phi, R,{R}^{\mu \nu}{R}_{\mu \nu},\cdots \right)\Psi $$

Ψ
¯

Γ
M

∂
M

F

ϕ
R

R
μν

R
μν

⋯

Ψ
may facilitate the localization of the spinor field when F(ϕ) = ϕn.
The large-N limit of the chiral condensate from twisted reduced models
Authors: Bonanno Claudio , Butti Pietro , Peréz Margarita García , González-Arroyo Antonio , Ishikawa Ken-Ichi , Okawa Masanori
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We compute the large-N limit of the QCD chiral condensate on the lattice using twisted reduced models, and performing controlled continuum and chiral extrapolations. We perform two different calculations: one consists in extracting the chiral condensate from the quark mass dependence of the pion mass, and the other consists in extracting the chiral condensate from the behaviour of the mode number of the Wilson-Dirac operator for small eigenvalues. We find consistency between the results of the two methods, giving a joint estimate of limN→∞ Σ(N)/N = [184(13) MeV]3 ($$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

, μ = 2 GeV, taking the square root of the string tension $$ \sqrt{\sigma } $$

σ

= 440 MeV to set the scale), in remarkable agreement with the SU(3) 2-flavor FLAG result.
Detector operators for celestial symmetries
Authors: Hu Yangrui , Pasterski Sabrina
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic cataloging of the generators of celestial symmetries on phase space. Starting from the celestial OPEs, we first show how to extract a representation of the general-spin analog of the wedge subalgebra of w1+∞ on the phase space of massless matter fields of arbitrary helicity. These generators can be expressed as light-sheet operators that are quadratic in the matter fields at future or past null infinity. We next show how to extend these symmetries beyond the wedge. Doing so requires us to augment the quadratic operators with: 1) linear terms corresponding to primary descendants of the negative helicity gauge fields the matter modes couple to, and 2) a tower of higher-particle composite operator contributions. These modes can be realized as light-ray operators supported on generators of null infinity, but local on the celestial sphere. Finally, we construct a representation of the celestial symmetries that captures how the positive helicity gauge fields transform. We close by discussing how these celestial symmetries inform our choice of detector operators.