bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PETRO KOSACHʼS LINGUISTIC ETIQUETTE OF EPISTOLARY COMMUNICATION WITH HIS WIFE: ADDRESSING FORMS
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University Lutsk, Ukraine, BOHDAN S. K.
Published: June 2022

The article elucidates the dominant features of the language etiquette of Petro Kosach and the style peculiarities of his marital correspondence. The study has identified the factors that probably influenced the formation of Petro Antonovych’s linguistic personality and determined the ‘surzhyk’ language status of his epistolary communication with his wife and other family members. The lexical-semantic and functional word-forming parameters of the basic register of lexemes revealed in epistolary texts are analyzed in the article. The focus is on those, which perform an appellative function. The most productive among them appeared to be one-component anthroponymic names and those based on the addressee’s first name (Olha Petrivna Drahomanova-Kosach) and its variants (Olia, Olesia, Oliunia). They are quite often combined with epithets-intimacies typical for this type of communication (most frequent – mylaia/myla [sweetheart]). The research has revealed in the letters a frequent use of address-nominations, traditional for Ukrainian folk songs and poetic speech and which are used as supporting elements of addressing his wife: holubonka, holubochka, zore, ziron’ka, zozuliatko, lasochka, lastivochka, serden’ko, serdeniatko. The author analyzes semantic and stylistic features of individually-expressed addresses that are singled out in a separate group, like Oliusiatko, Oliuniatko (Liuniatko, Liunia), Oliuniatochko, and others. They significantly expand the register of variants of anthroponymic units of the Kosaches’ family meta-language and undoubtedly affirm the active role of Petro Antonovych in its creation. The study clarifies the preconditions that led to their appearance, explains the motivation of the choice of an individual address style, the reaction to it, and evaluates the reflections of both communicators. The key finding of the study argues that the absence of addressing units in the letters of the couple or the presence of comments or graphic markers concerning each other serves as a kind of marker of some problems/misunderstandings in their interpersonal relationships and changes in an emotional state.
Pitääkö maahan muuttanut opiskelija luokitella?
Authors: Isopahkala-Bouret Ulpukka
Published: June 2022

Koulutuksellista tasa-arvoa edistetään työkaluilla, joilla on kannatettavat pyrkimykset, mutta myös sudenkuoppansa. Pääministeri Sanna Marinin (sd.) hallitusohjelma ja sen pohjalta valmisteltu korkeakoulutuksen saavutettavuussuunnitelma tähtäävät maahan muuttaneiden korkeakouluopiskelijoiden määrän lisäämiseen. Kansallisen koulutuksen arviointikeskuksen (Karvi) mukaan opiskelijat, jotka ovat muuttaneet tai joiden vanhemmat ovat muuttaneet ulkomailta Suomeen, tulee tunnistaa omaksi ryhmäkseen tilastoimalla heidät. Luokittelut kuitenkin tuottavat sosiaalisia ja yhteiskunnallisia asemia. Millaista tulevaisuuden yhteiskuntaa maahan muuttaneiden opiskelijoiden luokittelulla rakennetaan?
Kulttuuristamista vai kulttuurienvälistä oppimista?
Authors: Kimanen Anuleena , Varjonen Sirkku , Sotkasiira Tiina , Nivala Elina , Ryynänen Sanna
Published: June 2022

Artikkelissa analysoidaan turvapaikanhakijoiden parissa työskentelevien ammattilaisten kulttuuripuhetta ja tarkastellaan sitä kulttuurienvälisen oppimisen näkökulmasta. Aineisto koostuu turvapaikanhakijoiden vastaanottotoiminnan ammattilaisen haastatteluista (N = 15), joita analysoitiin diskursiivisesti. Aineistosta tunnistettiin seuraavat kulttuuria koskevat puhetavat: 1) eroja ja etäisyyttä tuottava kulttuuri, 2) opittava suomalainen kulttuuri ja 3) ylläpidettävä turvapaikanhakijan kulttuuri. Puhetavoissa turvapaikanhakijat ja ammattilaiset asemoituivat toisinaan kulttuurienvälisiksi oppijoiksi, harvoin kuitenkaan yhdessä oppijoina. Kulttuurienvälistä osaamista pidettiin ammattitaidon tärkeänä osana. Kulttuurieroista kuitenkin puhuttiin toistuvasti kulttuurienvälisen oppimisen kannalta ongelmallisen kulttuuristavasti, kulttuurieroja ja kulttuurin pysyvyyttä ja määräävyyttä korostaen. Suomalaisen kulttuurin oppiminen asetettiin usein itsestään selvästi turvapaikanhakijoiden velvollisuudeksi, ja ammattilaisen ja turvapaikanhakijan välille rakennettiin yksisuuntainen opettajan ja sopeutujan suhde. Silloin kun suhde rakentui vastavuoroiseksi ja yhteistä tulkintaa etsiväksi, kulttuuri oli tyypillisesti näkyvää, kuten ruokailua.
Miksi yläkoululainen on poissa koulusta? Integroiva kirjallisuuskatsaus koulupoissaolotyyppeihin liittyvistä yksilö- ja ympäristötekijöistä
Authors: Pelkonen Jenni , Kiuru Noona , Virtanen Tuomo
Published: June 2022

Tämän integroivan kirjallisuuskatsauksen tavoitteena on kartoittaa koulupoissaolotyyppeihin (koulukieltäytyminen, pinnaaminen, ensisijaisesti huoltajalähtöinen poissaolo, ensisijaisesti koululähtöinen poissaolo) liittyviä yksilö- ja ympäristötekijöitä (vanhemmuus ja perhe, vertaiset, koulu, yhteisö ja yhteiskunta). Tutkimuksen kohderyhmänä on yläkouluikäiset nuoret. Tutkimusaineisto haettiin ERIC, PsycInfo ja Web of Science -tietokannoista, ja lopulliseen katsaukseen valittiin 53 artikkelia. Integroiva kirjallisuuskatsaus osoitti, että pinnaamista tutkittiin eniten (68 % tutkimuksista), ensisijaisesti koululähtöistä poissaoloa toiseksi eniten (16 %), koulukieltäytymistä kolmanneksi eniten (14 %) ja ensisijaisesti huoltajalähtöistä poissaoloa vähiten (2 %). Koulupoissaolotyyppeihin liitettiin useita yksilö- ja ympäristötekijöitä. Yksilötekijöistä mielenterveysongelmat ja ympäristötekijöistä vanhempien vähäinen tuki, kiusatuksi joutuminen ja kouluilmapiiriongelmat yhdistettiin niin koulukieltäytymiseen, pinnaamiseen kuin ensisijaisesti koululähtöiseen poissaoloon.
Luonnontieteen opetuksen ja opiskelun työtapojen yhteys lukiolaisten tilannekohtaiseen sitoutumiseen
Authors: Vilhunen Elisa , Lavonen Jari , Salmela-Aro Katariina , Juuti Kalle
Published: June 2022

Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miten luonnontieteen oppitunneilla esiintyvät opetuksen ja opiskelun työtavat ovat yhteydessä opiskelijoiden kokemaan tilannekohtaiseen sitoutumiseen. Tilannekohtaisella sitoutumisella viitataan optimaalisen oppimisen hetkiin, joissa opiskelijoiden kokema kiinnostus, taito ja haaste ovat yhtä aikaa korkealla tasolla. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin lukion fysiikan kursseilla toteutetuilla projektioppimisjaksoilla. Tutkimukseen osallistui 101 opiskelijaa, joiden tilannekohtaista sitoutumista mitattiin kokemusotantamenetelmällä. Mittaushetkinä käytössä olleita opetuksen ja opiskelun työtapoja analysoitiin video-observoinnin avulla. Käytettyjen työtapojen yhteyttä tilannekohtaiseen sitoutumiseen sekä sen edellytyksenä oleviin kiinnostuksen, taidon ja haasteen kokemuksiin analysoitiin kaksitasoisen regressioanalyysin avulla. Tulokset osoittavat, että opiskelijat sitoutuvat opiskeluun etenkin analysoidessaan aineistoa ja mallintaessaan luonnontieteellisiä ilmiöitä sekä tehdessään tehtäviä. Nämä työtavat olivat erityisesti yhteydessä opiskelijoiden kokemaan haasteeseen. Opiskelijoiden kokema kiinnostus liittyi tyypillisesti opiskeluun orientoiviin ja motivoiviin työtapoihin. Pedagoginen malli, jossa tunnistetaan kiinnostuksen herättämisen, osaamisen tunteen vahvistamisen sekä haasteen tuomisen tärkeys rakennettaessa opiskelijoiden tilannekohtaista sitoutumista ja optimaalisen oppimisen hetkiä, on hyödynnettävissä monipuolisesti opetuksen suunnittelussa ja toteuttamisessa.
Lasten osallisuutta mahdollistavat ja estävät tekijät esiopetuksessa
Authors: Kyrönlampi Taina , Uitto Minna
Published: June 2022

Artikkeli tarkastelee lasten osallisuutta mahdollistavia ja estäviä tekijöitä esiopetuksessa. Tutkimusaineisto koottiin yhden päiväkodin esiopetusryhmässä, ja tutkimukseen osallistui 13 lasta. Aineisto koostuu neljästä ryhmäkeskustelusta, jotka käytiin lasten ottamien valokuvien pohjalta. Tutkimuskysymys on, mitkä tekijät mahdollistavat ja estävät lasten osallisuutta esiopetuksessa. Ilmiötä lähestytään lapsuudentutkimuksen viitekehyksessä Giorgin fenomenologisesta metodologiasta käsin. Tutkimustulosten pohjalta lasten osallisuuden kannalta merkittävää esiopetuksessa oli yhteinen leikki vertaisten kanssa. Lasten osallisuus näkyi kuitenkin jännitteisenä ilmiönä, jossa ovat yhtä aikaa läsnä pakon ja vapaaehtoisuuden elementit. Tutkimustulosten mukaan kasvattajilla oli keskeinen rooli siinä, miten he mahdollistivat tilojen ja materiaalien hyödyntämistä lasten yhteisessä leikissä ja toiminnassa sekä miten he osallistuivat itse lasten leikkeihin ja toimintoihin. Artikkelin lopuksi pohditaan, miten tutkimuksen tuloksia voitaisiin hyödyntää kasvatustyössä sekä kasvattajia koulutettaessa.
ISOLASI FUNGI ENDOFIT PADA TUMBUHAN (Rhizophora apiculata Blume) DI KUALA LANGSA, ACEH
Authors: Mardina Vivi
Published: June 2022

Fungi endofit merupakan mikroba yang bersimbiosis dalam jaringan tumbuhan dan biasanya tidak merugikan pada inangnya. Fungi endofit dapat ditemukan hampir disemua jenis tumbuhan, termasuk tumbuhan mangrove. Salah satu jenis mangrove yang tumbuh subur dikawasan Kuala Langsa adalah Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Studi ini bertujuan (1) menginventarisasi jumlah fungi endofit pada sampel daun dan ranting mangrove (2) mengidentifikasi jenis/spesies fungi endofit yang terdapat pada daun dan ranting mangrove. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah direct planting dengan parameter pengamatan makroskopis dan mikrokopis. Penelitian berhasil mengisolasi 5 jenis fungi endofit asal R. apiculata Blume yaitu Fusarium sp, Crysosporium sp, Colletrotrihum sp, Aspergillus sp, dan Botrysphaeri sp. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar data awal hasil penelitian dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut tentang aplikasi fungi endofit menjadi produk yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada berbagai bidang seperti kesehatan dan pangan.
Episcia cupreata (GESNERIACEAE): REKAMAN BARU TUMBUHAN TERNATURALISASI DI SUMATRA
Authors: Fajri Nurrahman , Irsyam Arifin Surya Dwipa , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Irwanto Rina Ratnasih
Published: June 2022

Episcia merupakan kelompok marga tumbuhan berbunga yang kurang mendapatkan perhatian, meskipun memiliki distribusi yang cukup luas di dunia. Keberadaan Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst. telah terekam sebelumnya di Indonesia, yaitu di pulau Jawa tahun 1965 dan Sulawesi tahun 2018 sebagai tanaman hias. Eksplorasi botani yang dilakukan di Desa Tenggulun, Aceh Tamiang, menunjukkan adanya populasi E. cupreata ternaturalisasi di Sumatra yang belum pernah tercatat sebelumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melaporkan keberadaan E. cupreata yang merupakan rekor tumbuhan asing baru untuk Flora Sumatra. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan metode jelajah. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jenis ini ternaturalisasi di area perkebunan kelapa sawit dan disebarkan secara tidak sengaja oleh manusia.
ANALISIS ISI USUS DAN LAMBUNG UNTUK MENENTUKAN FOOD AND FEEDING HABIT IKAN BETOK (Anabas testudineus)
Authors: Aryzegovina Reffi , Aisyah Siti , Desmiati Ira
Published: June 2022

Betok  (A. testudineus)  yang  dilihat  berdasarkan  makanan  utama yang  dimakan  oleh  ikan  tersebut . Penelitian analisis isi usus dan lambung dapat memberikan informasi dasar untuk menjaga kelestarian populasi ikan Betok  (A. testudineus). Penelitian analisis isi usus dan lambung ikan Betok  (A. testudineus) di  aliran  sungai Batang Masang Kenagarian Bawan Kecamatan IV, Kabupaten Agam dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei  tahun  2021. Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  ikan Betok  (A. testudineus)  adalah jenis ikan omnivora karena dalam pencernaannya didominasi oleh jenis Bacillaryophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Protozoa, Ciliata, Rotarita/Rotifera, dan Crustasea dengan 25 jenis sebanyak 5,858 ind/ml. Pakan alami fitoplankton yang mendominasi  adalah pada klass Bacillaryophyceae dan zooplankton yang mendominasi adalah pada klas Crustasea.
Assistência Farmacêutica aos pacientes com HIV/AIDS no Brasil: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Jeferson Cordeiro da , Vitorino Jhennyffer de Almeida , Marquez Carolinne de Oliveira
Published: June 2022

O HIV é o agente causador da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), o controle da doença é possível    devido o tratamento com a Terapia Antiretroviral - TARV, que impossibilita a replicação viral e auxilia na reconstituição do sistema imunológico, devendo ser efetivado precocemente e não interrompido em nenhum momento do tratamento. O Farmacêutico é de extrema necessidade, colaborando no planejamento, avaliação e distribuição de medicamentos gratuitos, aos pacientes. Esse artigo objetiva expor a importância da Assistência Farmacêutica na compreensão das informações sobre o tratamento antirretroviral em pacientes com HIV/AIDS no Brasil e a sua contribuição no momento da adesão. Trata – se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura onde foram consultadas bases de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Google Acadêmico, e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Lirary Online), utilizando os descritores: Adesão; Assistência Farmacêutica; Terapia Antiretroviral; Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida.  Estabeleceram-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos disponíveis na integra, em português e inglês, no período de 2012 a 2022 com acesso gratuito e que tivessem afinidade com a temática. Foram encontrados 150 trabalhos em pesquisa nos bancos de dados. Destes, 16 foram considerados para o estudo. Apesar da relevância do tema, poucos artigos atuais relatam a atuação do farmacêutico frente ao uso de antirretrovirais, onde somente 6 encontravam-se totalmente enquadrados. Em suma, a assistência farmacêutica voltada a portadores de HIV/AIDS é relevante, uma vez que este profissional auxilia na utilização correta da TARV, acompanhando o tratamento, atendendo esse paciente, estabelecendo uma relação de segurança e cuidado.
Alteração da complacência intracraniana em paciente com doença renal crônica e diabetes mellitus T1: um relato de caso
Authors: Koch Mariana Schechtel , Drewnowski Bianca , Balzer Edimara Rafaelli , Baroni Gilberto , Schuinski Adriana Fatima Menegat , Vellosa José Carlos Rebuglio
Published: June 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to relate the clinical profile with data on blood pressure (BP), intracranial pressure (ICP) and laboratory tests of a patient with Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5. Methodology: The research was carried out at the renal replacement therapy outpatient clinic of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia hospital, in Ponta Grossa-PR, previously approved by the ethics committee, under opinion nº 4,039,453. ICP monitoring and BP measurement were performed twice, on follow-up consultation days, in February and September 2020. In addition to the aforementioned parameters, a questionnaire on the patient's habits and demographic data was applied, and a consultation was carried out with the patient medical record for the collection of laboratory test data. Results: From February to September, the volunteer presented with persistent Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and hyperglycemia, and worsening of laboratory parameters. In February, the ICP morphology showed a significant change, suggesting intracranial hypertension, and the patient had a great impairment of visual acuity. In September, despite the worsening of the health condition, there was a significant improvement in vision and, also, an improvement in the ICP parameters, approaching normality. Between consultations, the diuretic administered by the patient was replaced. Conclusion: it is suggested that the visual impairment is due to intracranial hypertension and the improvement of both is related to the replacement of hydrochlorothiazide by furosemide, which occurred between consultations.
As influências da territorialização no acesso aos serviços de saúde pelas populações de fronteira: revisão sistemática
Authors: Xavier Guilherme Gonçalves , Lima Caroline Silva de Araujo , Lima Marcela Mansur Gomides , Almeida Ludmila Venturini , Pinheiro Marcella Ciotti , Cupertino Marli do Carmo , Oliveira Márcia Farsura de
Published: June 2022

A territorialização – integrada à Política Nacional de Atenção Básica – apresenta princípios de universalidade, equidade e integralidade. Assim, objetivou-se revisar as influências da territorialização, no acesso aos serviços e às ações em saúde, pela população residente na região de fronteira brasileira. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, na base de dados BVS, entre os anos de 2016 e 2021. Foram recuperados 18 artigos, dos quais 5 foram selecionados para compor a amostra. Verificou-se que a territorialização, quando não percebida apenas sob o aspecto paisagístico, mas como uma ferramenta de gestão para o planejamento em saúde, facilita o acesso universal e equitativo ao Sistema Único de Saúde, estabelecendo um diagnóstico de saúde comunitário, tarefa para a qual os agentes comunitários de saúde apresentam papel de destaque, favorecendo o vínculo da comunidade com a Estratégia Saúde da Família. Entretanto, caso o território seja entendido como um mapa estático, funciona como fator excludente do direito de garantia às ações em saúde às pessoas, como, por exemplo, é a situação de residentes nas áreas localizadas dos dois lados da fronteira. A partir da análise dinâmica e com educação continuada em saúde, podem ser desenvolvidos planejamentos de gestão favorecedores de acesso às ações em saúde pela clientela adscrita e flutuante nas regiões de fronteira.
Hipertensão gestacional e o risco de pré-eclâmpsia
Authors: Lins Eduarda Valentina Duarte , Oliveira Geane Silva , Quental Ocilma Barros de , Santana Jackson Duarte , Elias Kaique Lopes , Souza Anne Caroline de , Santos Rita de Cássia Pereira , Souza Kelli Costa , Medeiros Renata Lívia Silva Fonsêca Moreira de
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A hipertensão gestacional e umas das doenças que mais se destacam quando a gravidez é de alto risco. Está entre as Síndromes Hipertensivas Gestacionais (SHG) por agrupar várias doenças ligadas à hipertensão. Dentro das SHG a pré-eclâmpsia ou doença hipertensiva específica da gravidez (DHEG) merece uma atenção especial, pois ocorre como forma isolada ou associada à hipertensão arterial crônica. Objetivo: Compreender os possíveis fatores que influenciam para pré-eclâmpsia na assistência à saúde da gestante. Metodologia: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura realizada por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada com caráter exploratório e descritivo. Foi utilizado o portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). A pesquisa foi realizada entre novembro de 2021 e abril de 2022. Para a busca dos artigos, utilizou-se do o operador booleano “AND” e os seguintes descritores: “atenção primaria”, “pré-eclâmpsia”, “hipertensão”. Resultados: Após a aplicação do critério de seleção a amostra final contou com seis (06) artigos que foram inclusos na revisão. Os artigos selecionados para a revisão encontravam-se hospedados nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE (4); LILACS (01); BDENF – Enfermagem (01). Em relação ao idioma de publicação: inglês (04) e português (2). Em relação aos anos de publicação de artigos, forma obtidos os seguintes resultados: 2021 (1); 2020 (2); 2018 (2); 2017 (1). Considerações Finais: Dentre os fatores que desencadeiam a pré-eclâmpsia os mais citados foram o diagnóstico errado ou tardio, a idade, etnia e o aparecimento de gestações múltiplas e hábitos alimentares. Surge a necessidade de um modelo assistencialista consolidado para pacientes com risco à hipertensão induzida pela gestação e, consequente, pré-eclâmpsia, que possa reduzir o número de óbitos com causa definida.
Plants Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Plant Disease CNN Models for Image
Segmentation
Authors: Agarwal Abhinav , Agarwal D.K. , Sharma T.K. , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Srivastava Mukesh
Published: June 2022

For increased agricultural productivity, early diagnosis and management of plants illness are critical. The texture, color, and spots of a diseased plant’s leaves may be used to distinguish it from a healthy one. Observing leaves a traditional way requires a certain level of experience. Farmers that lack experience and resources might benefit from the creation of plant illness detection utilizing Deep Learning methods. Deep Learning methods are used in this study to categorise the various plant illnesses. Due to its great success in image-based classifications, the plant illness convolutional neural network (CNN) construction is deployed. When compared to manual observation of leaves, the Deep Learning models are quicker and more precise. The Plant Pathology 2020 FGVC7 data set is used to train the PD CNN framework in this study. The model’s 95 percent accuracy is the best among them.
COMPARISON OF MENTAL ROTATION AND REACTION TIME PERFORMANCES IN DEAF ATHLETES AND NON-ATHLETES
Authors: GÜNGÖR Ali Kamil , ŞAHİN Şenay
Published: June 2022

The coordination of perceptual-cognitive and motor processes is one of the main components determining sports performance. However, many factors affect these components, such as disability, gender, doing sport, etc. The aim of this study is to determine the mental rotation and reaction time performance of deaf athletes and non-athletes in terms of doing sport and gender. 42 heavy hearing impaired (90+ dB) students, 22 males, and 20 females, participated in the study. 22 of the participants were deaf basketball athletes, and 20 were deaf non-athletes. The participants' mental rotation and reaction time performance measurement tests were carried out with a computer-based software MP36 (Biopac System, USA). Independent Samples T-test and (multivariate) Manova tests were performed to evaluate the data. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups, neither mental rotation nor reaction time variables, in terms of doing sport. However, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in both mental rotation and reaction time variables regarding gender and doing sport. As a result, it was found that male athletes are better than women who are not athletes in some of the mental rotation and reaction time variables. Another important result was no significant difference in both mental rotation and reaction time variables between deaf male non-athletes and female non-athletes. As a result, it is suggested that doing sports improves both the mental rotation and reaction time of deaf male athletes.
Digital Influencers and their impact on purchasing decisions of Millennials to buy Make Up products
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: June 2022

This challenge makes a specialty of the impact and moves of a virtual influencer in terms of the acquisition of merchandise through the web platform. In this challenge, the principal purpose of virtual influencers is to take advantage of people’s belief and inspire them to shop for product-unique makeup. It all relies upon at the influencer's advertising strategies, and the challenge is centered on course target market while shopping for splendor merchandise. In this project, the evaluation of various people's responses at the social media platform became tremendously clear to make from different magazine articles. The respondents have been taken exclusively as male and female fore this research to be performed. The literature evaluate phase includes all of the distinctive parameters related to the virtual influencer. The proposed technique related to the translation of the effect of virtual influencers at the patron related to the acquisition of splendor products.
Biomechanical Effects of a Novel Anatomic Titanium Mesh Cage for Single-Level Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ke-rui , Yang Yi , Ma Li-tai , Qiu Yue , Wang Bei-yu , Ding Chen , Meng Yang , Rong Xin , Hong Ying , Liu Hao
Published: June 2022

Background: The traditional titanium mesh cage (TTMC) has become common as a classical instrument for Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion (ACCF), but a series of complications such as cage subsidence, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), and implant-related complications by using the TTMC have often been reported in the previous literature. The aim of this study was to assess whether a novel anatomic titanium mesh cage (NTMC) could improve the biomechanical condition after surgery.

Methods: The NTMC model consists of two spacers located on both sides of the TTMC which match the anatomic structure between the endplates by measuring patient preoperative cervical computed tomography (CT) data. The ranges of motion (ROMs) of the surgical segments and the stress peaks in the C6 superior endplates, titanium mesh cage (TMC), screw–bone interface, anterior titanium plate, and adjacent intervertebral disc were compared.

Results: Compared with the TTMC, the NTMC reduced the surgical segmental ROMs by 89.4% postoperatively. The C6 superior endplate stress peaks were higher in the TTMC (4.473–23.890 MPa), followed by the NTMC (1.923–5.035 MPa). The stress peaks on the TMC were higher in the TTMC (47.896–349.525 MPa), and the stress peaks on the TMC were lower in the NTMC (17.907–92.799 MPa). TTMC induced higher stress peaks in the screw–bone interface (40.0–153.2 MPa), followed by the NTMC (14.8–67.8 MPa). About the stress peaks on the anterior titanium plate, the stress of TTMC is from 16.499 to 58.432 MPa, and that of the NTMC is from 12.456 to 34.607 MPa. Moreover, the TTMC induced higher stress peaks in the C3/4 and C6/7 intervertebral disc (0.201–6.691 MPa and 0.248–4.735 MPa, respectively), followed by the NTMC (0.227–3.690 MPa and 0.174–3.521 MPa, respectively).

Conclusion: First, the application of the NTMC can effectively decrease the risks of TMC subsidence after surgery. Second, in the NTMC, the stresses at the anterior screw-plate, bone–screw, and TMC interface are much less than in the TTMC, which decreased the risks of instrument-related complications after surgery. Finally, increases in IDP at adjacent levels are associated with the internal stresses of adjacent discs which may lead to ASD; therefore, the NTMC can effectively decrease the risks of ASD.
Electroconductive Photo-Curable PEGDA-Gelatin/PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels for Prospective Cardiac Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Testore Daniele , Zoso Alice , Kortaberria Galder , Sangermano Marco , Chiono Valeria
Published: June 2022

Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have attracted interest for tissue engineering applications due to their ability to promote the regeneration of electroactive tissues. Hence, ECHs with tunable electrical and mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability are demanded. In this work, ECHs based on photo-crosslinked blends of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin with different PEGDA:gelatin ratios (1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1 wt./wt.), and containing poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (0.0, 0.1, 0,3 and 0.5% w/v%) were prepared. Main novelty was the use of gelatin as bioactive component and co-initiator in the photo-crosslinking process, leading to its successful incorporation in the hydrogel network. Physical properties could be modulated by the initial PEGDA:gelatin weight ratio. Pristine hydrogels with increasing PEGDA:gelatin ratio showed: (i) an increasing compressive elastic modulus from 5 to 28 kPa; (ii) a decreasing weight loss from 62% to 43% after 2 weeks incubation in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C; (iii) reduced crosslinking time; (iv) higher crosslinking density and (v) lower water absorption. The addition of PEDOT:PSS in the hydrogels reduced photo-crosslinking time (from 60 to 10 s) increasing their surface and bulk electrical properties. Finally, in vitro tests with human cardiac fibroblasts showed that hydrogels were cytocompatible and samples with 1.5:1 initial PEGDA:gelatin ratio promoted the highest cell adhesion at 24 h. Results from this work suggested the potential of electroconductive photo-curable PEGDA-gelatin/PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for prospective cardiac tissue engineering applications.
Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using In Vitro Compartmentalized Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Miny Louise , Maisonneuve Benoît G. C. , Quadrio Isabelle , Honegger Thibault
Published: June 2022

The human brain is a complex organ composed of many different types of cells interconnected to create an organized system able to efficiently process information. Dysregulation of this delicately balanced system can lead to the development of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). To investigate the functionality of human brain physiology and pathophysiology, the scientific community has been generated various research models, from genetically modified animals to two- and three-dimensional cell culture for several decades. These models have, however, certain limitations that impede the precise study of pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration, thus hindering therapeutical research and drug development. Compartmentalized microfluidic devices provide in vitro minimalistic environments to accurately reproduce neural circuits allowing the characterization of the human central nervous system. Brain-on-chip (BoC) is allowing our capability to improve neurodegeneration models on the molecular and cellular mechanism aspects behind the progression of these troubles. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest advancements of microfluidic models for the investigations of common neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Novel Design of the Compound Sleeve and Stem Prosthesis for Treatment of Proximal Femur Bone Defects Based on Topology Optimization
Authors: Xue Haowen , Bai Haotian , Zhou Rongqi , Wang Jincheng , Zhou Bin , Wang Xiaonan , Luo Wenbin , Zhao Xin
Published: June 2022

The loosening of traditional prosthetics is among the leading causes of surgical failure of proximal femoral bone defects. A novel compound sleeve and stem prosthesis was designed using an optimization methodology that combined an octet-truss porous structure with density-based topology optimization to improve stability, promote bone ingrowth, and enhance biomechanical properties. Biomechanical changes were assessed using finite element analysis. The distribution of stress, the strain energy density, and the relative micromotion in the optimized group were considered. The optimized sleeve prosthesis achieved a 31.5% weight reduction. The maximum stresses in the optimized group were observed to decrease by 30.33 and 4.74% at the back sleeve and neck part of stem prosthesis, with a 29.52% increase in the femur, respectively. The average stress in most selected regions in the optimized group was significantly greater than that in the original group (p < 0.05). The maximum relative micromotion decreased by 15.18% (from 63.9 to 54.2 μm) in the optimized group. The novel designed compound sleeve and stem prosthesis could effectively improve the biomechanical performance of next-generation prosthetics and provide a microenvironment for bone ingrowth. The presented method could serve as a model for clinical practice and a platform for future orthopedic surgery applications.
Ceria Boosting on In Situ Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide for Efficient Bifunctional ORR/OER Activity
Authors: Kashinath L. , Byrappa K.
Published: June 2022

In the present work, a highly efficient and excellent electrocatalyst material for bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) was synthesized using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. In brief, ultrafine hexagonal cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were tailored on the layered surface of in situ nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) sheets. The nanocomposites exhibited a high anodic onset potential of 0.925 V vs. RHE for ORR activity and 1.2 V for OER activity with a very high current density in 0.5 M KOH. The influence of oxygen cluster on Ce3+/Ce4+ ion decoration on outward/inward in situ nitrogen-coupled GO enhanced the physicochemical properties of composites and in turn increased electron transferability. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal coupling technique provides a higher density, active sites on CeO2@NGO composites, and oxygen deficiency structures in ultrafine Ce-O particles and boosts higher charge transferability in the composites. It is believed that the physical states of Ce-N- C, Ce-C=O, and a higher amount of oxygen participation with ceria increase the density of composites that in turn increases the efficiency. N-doped graphene oxide promotes high current conduction and rapid electron transferability while reducing the external transport resistance in oxygen electrocatalysis by sufficient mass transfer through in-built channels. This study may provide insights into the knowledge of Ce-enabled bifunctional activity to guide the design of a robust catalyst for electrochemical performance.
Plasmodium knowlesi Cytoadhesion Involves SICA Variant Proteins
Authors: Peterson Mariko S. , Joyner Chester J. , Lapp Stacey A. , Brady Jessica A. , Wood Jennifer S. , Cabrera-Mora Monica , Saney Celia L. , Fonseca Luis L. , Cheng Wayne T. , Jiang Jianlin , Soderberg Stephanie R. , Nural Mustafa V. , Hankus Allison , Machiah Deepa , Karpuzoglu Ebru , DeBarry Jeremy D. ,   MaHPIC-Consortium, Tirouvanziam Rabindra , Kissinger Jessica C. , Moreno Alberto , Gumber Sanjeev , Voit Eberhard O. , Gutierrez Juan B. , Cordy Regina Joice , Galinski Mary R.
Published: June 2022

Plasmodium knowlesiposes a health threat throughout Southeast Asian communities and currently causes most cases of malaria in Malaysia. This zoonotic parasite species has been studied inMacaca mulatta(rhesus monkeys) as a model for severe malarial infections, chronicity, and antigenic variation. The phenomenon ofPlasmodiumantigenic variation was first recognized during rhesus monkey infections.Plasmodium-encoded variant proteins were first discovered in this species and found to be expressed at the surface of infected erythrocytes, and then named the Schizont-Infected Cell Agglutination (SICA) antigens. SICA expression was shown to be spleen dependent, as SICA expression is lost afterP. knowlesiis passaged in splenectomized rhesus. Here we present data from longitudinalP. knowlesiinfections in rhesus with the most comprehensive analysis to date of clinical parameters and infected red blood cell sequestration in the vasculature of tissues from 22 organs. Based on the histopathological analysis of 22 tissue types from 11 rhesus monkeys, we show a comparative distribution of parasitized erythrocytes and the degree of margination of the infected erythrocytes with the endothelium. Interestingly, there was a significantly higher burden of parasites in the gastrointestinal tissues, and extensive margination of the parasites along the endothelium, which may help explain gastrointestinal symptoms frequently reported by patients withP. knowlesimalarial infections. Moreover, this margination was not observed in splenectomized rhesus that were infected with parasites not expressing the SICA proteins. This work provides data that directly supports the view that a subpopulation ofP. knowlesiparasites cytoadheres and sequesters, likelyviaSICA variant antigens acting as ligands. This process is akin to the cytoadhesive function of the related variant antigen proteins, namely Erythrocyte Membrane Protein-1, expressed byPlasmodium falciparum.
Efficacy of Bisphosphonate-Conjugated Sitafloxacin in a Murine Model of S. aureus Osteomyelitis: Evidence of “Target & Release” Kinetics and Killing of Bacteria Within Canaliculi
Authors: Ren Youliang , Xue Thomas , Rainbolt Joshua , Bentley Karen L. de Mesy , Galloway Chad A. , Liu Yuting , Cherian Philip , Neighbors Jeffrey , Hofstee Marloes I. , Ebetino Frank H. , Moriarty Thomas Fintan , Sun Shuting , Schwarz Edward M. , Xie Chao
Published: June 2022

S. aureus infection of bone is difficult to eradicate due to its ability to colonize the osteocyte-lacuno-canalicular network (OLCN), rendering it resistant to standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics. To overcome this, we proposed two bone-targeted bisphosphonate-conjugated antibiotics (BCA): bisphosphonate-conjugated sitafloxacin (BCS) and hydroxybisphosphonate-conjugate sitafloxacin (HBCS). Initial studies demonstrated that the BCA kills S. aureus in vitro. Here we demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of BCS and HBCS versus bisphosphonate, sitafloxacin, and vancomycin in mice with implant-associated osteomyelitis. Longitudinal bioluminescent imaging (BLI) confirmed the hypothesized “target and release”-type kinetics of BCS and HBCS. Micro-CT of the infected tibiae demonstrated that HBCS significantly inhibited peri-implant osteolysis versus placebo and free sitafloxacin (p < 0.05), which was not seen with the corresponding non-antibiotic-conjugated bisphosphonate control. TRAP-stained histology confirmed that HBCS significantly reduced peri-implant osteoclast numbers versus placebo and free sitafloxacin controls (p < 0.05). To confirm S. aureus killing, we compared the morphology of S. aureus autolysis within in vitro biofilm and infected tibiae via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Live bacteria in vitro and in vivo presented as dense cocci ~1 μm in diameter. In vitro evidence of autolysis presented remnant cell walls of dead bacteria or “ghosts” and degenerating (non-dense) bacteria. These features of autolyzed bacteria were also present among the colonizing S. aureus within OLCN of infected tibiae from placebo-, vancomycin-, and sitafloxacin-treated mice, similar to placebo. However, most of the bacteria within OLCN of infected tibiae from BCA-treated mice were less dense and contained small vacuoles and holes >100 nm. Histomorphometry of the bacteria within the OLCN demonstrated that BCA significantly increased their diameter versus placebo and free antibiotic controls (p < 0.05). As these abnormal features are consistent with antibiotic-induced vacuolization, bacterial swelling, and necrotic phenotype, we interpret these findings to be the initial evidence of BCA-induced killing of S. aureus within the OLCN of infected bone. Collectively, these results support the bone targeting strategy of BCA to overcome the biodistribution limits of SOC antibiotics and warrant future studies to confirm the novel TEM phenotypes of bacteria within OLCN of S. aureus-infected bone of animals treated with BCS and HBCS.
Et tu, Neisseria? Conflicts of Interest Between Neisseria Species
Authors: Baerentsen Rene , Tang Christoph M. , Exley Rachel M.
Published: June 2022

Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are two obligate human pathogens that have evolved to be uniquely adapted to their host. The meningococcus is frequently carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx, while gonococcal infection of the urogenital tract usually elicits a marked local inflammatory response. Other members of the Neisseria genus are abundant in the upper airway where they could engage in co-operative or competitive interactions with both these pathogens. Here, we briefly outline the potential sites of contact between Neisseria spp. in the body, with emphasis on the upper airway, and describe the growing yet circumstantial evidence for antagonism from carriage studies and human volunteer challenge models with Neisseria lactamica. Recent laboratory studies have characterized antagonistic mechanisms that enable competition between Neisseria species. Several of these mechanisms, including Multiple Adhesin family (Mafs), Two Partner Secretion Systems, and Type VI secretion system, involve direct contact between bacteria; the genetic organisation of these systems, and the domain structure of their effector molecules have striking similarities. Additionally, DNA from one species of Neisseria can be toxic to another species, following uptake. More research is needed to define the full repertoire of antagonistic mechanisms in Neisseria spp., their distribution in strains, their range of activity, and contribution to survival in vivo. Understanding the targets of effectors could reveal how antagonistic relationships between close relatives shape subsequent interactions between pathogens and their hosts.
Analysis of Time Series Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Reveals the Molecular Features of Myocardial Infarction Progression
Authors: Han Yuru , Duan Baoyu , Wu Jing , Zheng Yanjun , Gu Yinchen , Cai Xiaomeng , Lu Changlian , Wu Xubo , Li Yanfei , Gu Xuefeng
Published: June 2022

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, and the changes at the molecular level after MI and the DNA methylation features are not clear. Understanding the molecular characteristics of the early stages of MI is of significance for the treatment of the disease. In this study, RNA-seq and MeDIP-seq were performed on heart tissue from mouse models at multiple time points (0 h, 10 min, 1, 6, 24, and 72 h) to explore genetic and epigenetic features that influence MI progression. Analysis based on a single point in time, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) increased with the time of myocardial infarction, using 0 h as a control group. Moreover, within 10 min of MI onset, the cells are mainly in immune response, and as the duration of MI increases, apoptosis begins to occur. Analysis based on time series data, the expression of 1012 genes was specifically downregulated, and these genes were associated with energy metabolism. The expression of 5806 genes was specifically upregulated, and these genes were associated with immune regulation, inflammation and apoptosis. Fourteen transcription factors were identified in the genes involved in apoptosis and inflammation, which may be potential drug targets. Analysis based on MeDIP-seq combined with RNA-seq methodology, focused on methylation at the promoter region. GO revealed that the downregulated genes with hypermethylation at 72 h were enriched in biological processes such as cardiac muscle contraction. In addition, the upregulated genes with hypomethylation at 72 h were enriched in biological processes, such as cell-cell adhesion, regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway and regulation of angiogenesis. Among these genes, the Tnni3 gene was also present in the downregulated model. Hypermethylation of Tnni3 at 72 h after MI may be an important cause of exacerbation of MI.
Persistent Coronary Vasomotor Tone During Myocardial Ischemia Occurs at the Capillary Level and May Involve Pericytes
Authors: Le D. Elizabeth , Zhao Yan , Kaul Sanjiv
Published: June 2022

Background

There is persistent coronary vasomotor tone during myocardial ischemia, despite ongoing coronary arteriolar dilatation. The mechanism underlying this vasodilatory tone, which can be unmasked by coronary vasodilators, is unclear. We hypothesized that persistent microvascular resistance during myocardial ischemia occurs at the level of capillaries and may be caused by pericytes.

Methods

We studied nine instrumented dogs where coronary blood flow and coronary driving pressure were reduced to half by placement of stenoses. Myocardial blood flow and myocardial blood volume were measured with myocardial contrast echocardiography before and during adenosine administration. In three animals, the heart was perfusion-fixed under these conditions for electron microscopic assessment of capillary and pericyte size.

Results

During ischemia, myocardial blood volume decreased and myocardial vascular resistance remained unchanged. Adenosine administration reversed the decline in myocardial blood volume and decreased myocardial vascular resistance. Electron microscopy showed larger capillaries in ischemic beds receiving adenosine than ischemic beds not receiving adenosine. Pericytes in beds receiving adenosine also tended to be larger.

Conclusion

Capillaries are the site of persistent vasomotor tone during myocardial ischemia; any other site of vascular regulation (arterioles or venules) cannot explain these myocardial contrast echocardiography findings, which are confirmed on post-mortem electron microscopic examination. The decrease in capillary size is likely caused by pericyte contraction in an attempt to maintain a constant capillary hydrostatic pressure. Adenosine relaxes pericytes, restores myocardial blood volume, reduces myocardial vascular resistance, and improves regional function during ischemia. These findings could have important therapeutic implications.
The Acheulean of the Upper Guadiana River Basin (Central Spain). Morphostratigraphic Context and Chronology
Authors: Santonja M. , Pérez-González A. , Baena J. , Panera J. , Méndez-Quintas E. , Uribelarrea D. , Demuro M. , Arnold L. , Abrunhosa A. , Rubio-Jara S.
Published: June 2022

In the upper basin of the Guadiana River, especially in the sectors drained by its right-bank tributaries, the Bullaque and Becea rivers, important concentrations of Acheulean and Mousterian industries can be found in a superficial position. These industries have provided series containing tens of thousands of pieces. Deposits in stratigraphic position have also been identified, related to the fluvial terraces of the Guadiana and Jabalón rivers and some tributaries. Within the sector studied, in the province of Ciudad Real, the position of these deposits is related to alluvial fans developed on the slopes of the immediate reliefs. These fans, mainly composed of Lower and Middle Ordovician quartzite gravel, were eroded in their distal positions by the Bullaque and Becea rivers, forming very low terraces on which large concentrations of Acheulean and Mousterian lithic industry can be found. El Sotillo, the only known stratigraphic site in the area, was excavated in 2017–2019 and consists of several levels with Mousterian and Acheulean industry. We present the technological characteristics of the main Acheulean assemblage recognised at this site, for which numerical dates have been obtained placing its chronology in the second half of the Middle Pleistocene. The location of these sites, in surficial position and El Sotillo, allows us to recognise a territorial space with specific geographic characteristics and a very significant human impact.
Geochemical Analogy Viscosity of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt as an Indicator for Determining the Location of Seafloor Hydrothermal Fields?
Authors: Li Chuanshun , Wang Guohuai , Yan Shijuan , Du Dewen
Published: June 2022

Many achievements have been made in the exploration of seafloor polymetallic hydrothermal vents, however, it needs to further study how to discovery more potential new hydrothermal or massive sulfide fields. In this study, we collected 9818 major-element geochemical data sets of basalt samples from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR, 78°N–53°S) and the seafloor topographic data for eleven known hydrothermal vents (e.g., TAG, Snake Pit, MAR 22°30′N, Lilliput). Based on the different spatial distances between basalts and hydrothermal vents, we classified all the basalts into three categories: 1) basalt near known vent (focal objects of the research, 29 samples), 2) basalt around known vent (observed objects, 155 samples), and 3) other basalt of the MAR (as background basalt). Meanwhile, we used major element components of basalts to calculate the analogy viscosity and analyzed the possible correlation between analogy viscosity and the spatial distribution of seafloor hydrothermal vents. We found that the analogy viscosity of basalt near known vent fall into a narrow medium value range (∼46.8–68.5 Pa s) contrasted with the range of background basalt values range (∼4.0–356.0 Pa·s). It infers that these basalts on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the medium values of analogy viscosity favor the formation of hydrothermal vents. However, due to the complexities of magmatic activity and fault structure, as well as the multi-stage water-rock reaction, whether the analogy viscosity of basalts can be used as an indicator for determining the location of seafloor hydrothermal field or not needs further verification. Hence, this paper provides a possible rule (the variation of analogy viscosity estimated by major element components in the basalts) for exploration the location of hydrothermal vents rather than a fully developed method.