bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sepsis-associated neuroinflammation in the spinal cord
Authors: Hirotsu Akiko , Miyao Mariko , Tatsumi Kenichiro , Tanaka Tomoharu
Published: June 2022

Septic patients commonly present with central nervous system (CNS) disorders including impaired consciousness and delirium. Today, the main mechanism regulating sepsis-induced cerebral disorders is believed to be neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown how another component of the CNS, the spinal cord, is influenced during sepsis. In the present study, we intraperitoneally injected mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate molecular and immunohistochemical changes in the spinal cord of a sepsis model. After LPS administration in the spinal cord, pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA were rapidly and drastically induced. Twenty-four-hour after the LPS injection, severe neuronal ischemic damage spread into gray matter, especially around the anterior horns, and the anterior column had global edematous changes. Immunostaining analyses showed that spinal microglia were significantly activated and increased, but astrocytes did not show significant change. The current results indicate that sepsis induces acute neuroinflammation, including microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulation in the spinal cord, causing drastic neuronal ischemia and white matter edema in the spinal cord.
Suppression of choroidal neovascularization and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigmented epithelium by adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of CCN5 in mice
Authors: Im Sora , Han Jung Woo , Park Euy Jun , Bang Ji Hong , Shin Hee Jeong , Chang Hun Soo , Woo Kee Min , Park Woo Jin , Park Tae Kwann
Published: June 2022

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a defining characteristic feature of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that frequently results in irreversible vision loss. The current strategies for the treatment of nAMD are mainly based on neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, anti-VEGF therapies are often associated with subretinal fibrosis that eventually leads to damages in macula. In this study, we tested whether an anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic protein CCN5 can potentially be an effective and safe therapeutic modality in a mouse model of CNV. Laser photocoagulation was utilized to induce CNV, which was followed by intravitreal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 encoding CCN5 (rAAV2-CCN5). Our data demonstrated that rAAV2-CCN5, but not a control viral vector, rAAV2-VLP, prominently attenuated both CNV lesions and angiogenesis. Aflibercept, which was utilized as a positive control, exhibited similar effects on CNV lesions and angiogenesis in our experimental settings. Upon laser photocoagulation, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells underwent significant morphological changes including cellular enlargement and loss of hexagonality. rAAV2-CCN5 significantly normalized these morphological defects. Laser photocoagulation also led to fibrotic deformation in RPE cells through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was completely blocked by rAAV2-CCN5. In a striking contrast, aflibercept as well as rAAV2-VLP failed to exhibit any effects on EMT. Collectively, this study suggest that CCN5 might provide a potential novel strategy for the treatment of nAMD with a capability to inhibit CNV and fibrosis simaultaneously.
Transcriptomic analyses implicate neuronal plasticity and chloride homeostasis in ivermectin resistance and response to treatment in a parasitic nematode
Authors: Laing Roz , Doyle Stephen R. , McIntyre Jennifer , Maitland Kirsty , Morrison Alison , Bartley David J. , Kaplan Ray , Chaudhry Umer , Sargison Neil , Tait Andy , Cotton James A. , Britton Collette , Devaney Eileen
Published: June 2022

The antiparasitic drug ivermectin plays an essential role in human and animal health globally. However, ivermectin resistance is widespread in veterinary helminths and there are growing concerns of sub-optimal responses to treatment in related helminths of humans. Despite decades of research, the genetic mechanisms underlying ivermectin resistance are poorly understood in parasitic helminths. This reflects significant uncertainty regarding the mode of action of ivermectin in parasitic helminths, and the genetic complexity of these organisms; parasitic helminths have large, rapidly evolving genomes and differences in evolutionary history and genetic background can confound comparisons between resistant and susceptible populations. We undertook a controlled genetic cross of a multi-drug resistant and a susceptible reference isolate of Haemonchus contortus, an economically important gastrointestinal nematode of sheep, and ivermectin-selected the F2 population for comparison with an untreated F2 control. RNA-seq analyses of male and female adults of all populations identified high transcriptomic differentiation between parental isolates, which was significantly reduced in the F2, allowing differences associated specifically with ivermectin resistance to be identified. In all resistant populations, there was constitutive upregulation of a single gene, HCON_00155390:cky-1, a putative pharyngeal-expressed transcription factor, in a narrow locus on chromosome V previously shown to be under ivermectin selection. In addition, we detected sex-specific differences in gene expression between resistant and susceptible populations, including constitutive upregulation of a P-glycoprotein, HCON_00162780:pgp-11, in resistant males only. After ivermectin selection, we identified differential expression of genes with roles in neuronal function and chloride homeostasis, which is consistent with an adaptive response to ivermectin-induced hyperpolarisation of neuromuscular cells. Overall, we show the utility of a genetic cross to identify differences in gene expression that are specific to ivermectin selection and provide a framework to better understand ivermectin resistance and response to treatment in parasitic helminths.
Improving news media oversight: Why Australia needs a cross-platform standards scheme
Authors: Wilding Derek , Molitorisz Sacha
Published: June 2022

Australia currently has fourteen standards schemes that oversee journalists and news media, making for both duplication and inconsistency. The result is a torn and frayed patchwork leaving broadcasting heavily regulated but some areas of online content without any applicable standards or clear avenues for consumer complaint. In this article, we describe Australia’s confusion of news media standards schemes amid the global challenges to media oversight in a digital age, including from the algorithmically driven delivery of news via social media and other digital services. We argue that internationally the ongoing disruption of news media is being accompanied by a parallel disruption of news media standards schemes. This creates significant uncertainty, particularly since citizens and journalists have contrasting expectations about news media oversight. However, this uncertainty also presents an opportunity for reform. We then draw on international scholarship and regulatory developments to make four high-level arguments. First, Australia should implement a coherent cross-platform standards scheme to cover news content on TV, on radio, in print and online. Second, digital services and platforms ought to be brought under this scheme in their role as distributors and amplifiers of news, but not as ‘publishers’. Third, this scheme ought to have oversight of algorithms. And fourth, citizens ought to be afforded a greater role in the operation of this scheme, which has significant potential to serve the public interest by improving public discourse.
Consumers and commodification: The marketization of aged care in the Australian press
Authors: Imran Muhammad Asim , Bowd Kathryn
Published: June 2022

This article explores links between the Australian press and the marketization of aged care in Australia. By using critical discourse analysis as a research tool, and a data set of 61 news articles from eight mainstream Australian newspapers published in April 2012 and August 2013, this article argues that dominant discourses around ageing in the sampled newspapers are in the language of economic rationalism, and aged care is constructed as a commodity. Elderly people are constructed mainly as consumers of aged care, reflecting and reinforcing official narratives towards the marketization of care. The study from which this article is drawn found that most Australian journalists not only relayed official messages about the commodification of aged care without critical engagement, but also included few opposing opinions.
Enfermería como disciplina científica y humanística
Authors: Freire Freire Gisella , García Tene Lucio , Muñiz Granoble Gloria , Rebolledo Malpica Dinora , García Martínez María , Rodríguez Orozco Cinthya
Published: June 2022

Introducción: Enfermería se ha configurado como una disciplina científica debido a los aportes tanto prácticos como epistémicos de sus miembros. Esta condición, se evidencia en la aplicación del método científico con el proceso de atención de enfermería, metodología de operacionalización en el cuidado integral y holístico de la población.Objetivo: Describir la enfermería como disciplina científica y humanística.Metodología: Se utilizó la metodología cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo, se recogieron los datos a través de un cuestionario, previa validación y consideraciones éticas, la muestra estuvo conformada por 120 enfermeros, los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y presentados en tablas estadísticas.Resultados: Se expresan tres grandes dimensiones que describen a la enfermería como disciplina científica: actitud sobre la metodología científica, competencias bioéticas y resolución de problemas, donde la de actitud sobre la metodología científica muestra un resultado de un 66% de la población encuestada no aplica el proceso de atención de enfermería. Solo un 53.3% manifiestan que respetan los valores y creencias de los pacientes en el momento de las intervenciones como competencias bioéticas, no son conscientes de los juicios críticos en el instante de utilizar conocimiento científico en sus prácticas Pre-Profesionales, como es el de brindar cuidados al paciente de manera oportuna.Conclusión: Se concluye que un grupo de internos de enfermería si aplican la metodología científica, pero a su vez existe un grupo de internos que no lo hacen sabiendo que eso es algo básico y fundamental para la atención a un paciente.
Hogyan integrálható a tudományos tudás a biodiverzitás-politikába? – Egy globális, egy európai és egy magyar eset összevetése
Authors: Kelemen Eszter
Published: June 2022

Az egymással összefonódó, és napjainkban egyre kritikusabbá váló ökológiai-társadalmi problémák mindeddig sajnos kevés érdemi politikai beavatkozáshoz vezettek. Ez azt jelzi, hogy a tudomány és politika közötti interakció – hiába kap egyre nagyobb figyelmet a szakirodalomban és a politikában egyaránt – jelentős korlátokkal bír a tényleges szakpolitikai döntéshozatal informálása és befolyásolása terén. Ez az írás három, a biodiverzitás politika eltérő szintjein működő, a tudomány-politika közti interakciót intézményesítő esetet hasonlít össze, egy hároméves, kvalitatív-etnográfiai módszereket alkalmazó kutatási projekt eredményeire alapozva. Az eseteket a szervezeti struktúrák és folyamatok, a kutatói szerepek és elvárások, valamint a hatalmi viszony mentén elemzem, és arra keresem a választ, hogy milyen tényezők határozzák meg ezen interakciós platformoknak a döntéshozatalra gyakorolt hatásait. A kutatás nem csak az alapvető nehézségeket segít azonosítani, de néhány lehetséges megoldásra is rávilágít. A kutatói kapacitások és készségek fejlesztését, valamint a tudomány-közpolitikai párbeszéd intézményi reformját gyakran emlegeti a szakirodalom lehetséges kiút gyanánt. E tanulmány azonban amellett érvel, hogy a kutatói oldalra fókuszáló reformok nem fogják tudni érdemben növelni a tudomány-közpolitikai párbeszéd hatásosságát, amíg a politikai döntéshozatal változatlan struktúrák és folyamatok mentén működik tovább.
Telephone Reminders Improve Fecal Immunochemical Test Return Rates
Authors: Jasurda Jake S. , Danieli Reut , Yamanaka Bradley , Shaukat Aasma
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a structured telephone reminder system on completion rates of screening fecal immunochemical tests.

METHODS:

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) return rates were compared among patients who received a telephone reminder after 14 days and those who did not receive a reminder.

RESULTS:

There was a significantly higher return rate among patients who received a telephone reminder. Automated FIT tracking processes failed to capture a significant percentage of returned FITs compared with manual tracking processes.

DISCUSSION:

These results support telephone reminders as an effective modality to increase FIT return rates.
Optimal Wireless Reflux Monitoring Metrics to Predict Discontinuation of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Yadlapati Rena , Gyawali C. Prakash , Masihi Melina , Carlson Dustin A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Nix Billy Darren , Jain Anand , Triggs Joseph R. , Vaezi Michael F. , Kia Leila , Kaizer Alexander , Pandolfino John E.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Ambulatory reflux monitoring performed off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is the gold standard diagnostic test for nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the diagnostic metrics and optimal duration of monitoring are not well defined. This study evaluated the performance of multiple metrics across distinct durations of wireless reflux monitoring off PPI against the ability to discontinue PPI therapy in patients with suboptimal PPI response.

METHODS:

This single-arm clinical trial performed over 4 years at 2 centers enrolled adults with troublesome GERD symptoms and inadequate response to >8 weeks of PPI. Participants underwent 96-hour wireless pH monitoring off PPI. Primary outcome was whether the subject successfully discontinued PPI or resumed PPI within 3 weeks.

RESULTS:

Of 132 participants, 30% discontinued PPI. Among multiple metrics assessed, total acid exposure time (AET) of 4.0% performed best in predicting PPI discontinuation (odds ratio 2.9 [95% confidence interval 1.4, 6.4]; P = 0.006), with other thresholds of AET and DeMeester score performing comparably. AET was significantly higher on day 1 of monitoring compared with other days, and prognostic performance significantly declined when only assessing the first 48 hours of monitoring (area under the curve for 96 hours 0.63 vs area under the curve for 48 hours 0.57; P = 0.01).

DISCUSSION:

This clinical trial highlights the AET threshold of 4.0% as a high-performing prognostic marker of PPI discontinuation. 96 hours of monitoring performed better than 48 hours, in predicting ability to discontinue PPI. These data can inform current diagnostic approaches for patients with GERD symptoms who are unresponsive to PPI therapy.
Scholars and Literati at the Royal Society (1660–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Mytilinaios Panagiotis
Published: June 2022

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who were members of the Royal Society from its inception in 1660 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
A Study on Barn Owl Population (Tyto alba var. javanica) in Reducing Rat Attacks and Parthenocarpy in Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches
Authors: Budihardjo Kadarwati , Wirianata Herry , Primananda Septa
Published: June 2022

In mature oil palms, rat attacks fruit bunches, causing significantly reduction in the potential yield and the quality of oil palm fruit bunches. Rat is also known to consume the post anthesis male flowers which act as the breeding sites for the eggs and larvae of Elaeidobius kamerunicus pollinator beetle. Indirectly, the pollinator beetle population can be reduced in high rat infestation area, affecting the pollination and increasing the percentage of parthenocarpic fruit bunches. The barn owl (Tyto alba var. javanica) is a rat biological control agent in the oil palm plantations. The study conducted at PT. Mustika Sembuluh in Central Borneo shows that barn owl (T. alba) population is significantly correlated with both rat attacks and parthenocarpic percentage of oil palm fruit bunches in oil palm plantation
Komposisi Vegetasi Habitat Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) di Kawasan Wana Wisata Kalipaingan Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Kurniawan Arif , Baskoro Karyadi , Jumari J
Published: June 2022

Declining population of  javan langur caused by several factors such as deforestation and forest fragmentation which are the main habitat for langurs. the vegetation composition of the langur habitat is very important with regard to the density and dominance of trees that have special functions such as tree feed sources, trees at rest and sleeping trees.  Research on Javan langur habitat had been conducted Wana Wisata Kalipaingan, Pekalongan Regency. Habitat data, as vegetation community and abiotic factor also collected. The research was conducted in March-July 2018. Tree spesies that has the largest INP value is petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) followed by bendo (Atrocorpus elasticus). There are 9 spesies used as feed sources. 3 spesies are used as resting places and 1 tree spesies asa a sleep places.
Produksi dan Profil Metabolit Bunga Krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) pada Intensitas Cahaya Lampu LED dengan Durasi Yang Berbeda
Authors: Utami Ika Nur , Nurchayati Yulita , Hastuti Endah Dwi
Published: June 2022

Chrysanthemum is a Short Day Plant (SDP) that will flower if the day length is less than 12 hours. Indonesian Chrysanthemum farmers provide additional light at night to maintain the Chrysanthemum’s vegetative phase so obtained the stem length which accordance to the cut flower standard (±76 cm). In other side, Chrysanthemum flowers are known has contain metabolites product and  potentially useful. This study is purpose to determine the effect of differences in LED light intensity and light exposure duration on growth, flower production, and metabolites profile of chrysanthemum. The study used a RAL method 3x2 factorial pattern which is in the form of giving an additional light intensity of 0 W, 10 W and 20 W and an additional light exposure duration of 2 hrs and 4 hrs. The results showed that the combination of 20 W + 4 hrs is optimaly increases the stem length (96,2 cm) and flowers diameter (6,6 cm). The 20 W light intensity is optimally inhibits the flower initiation and increases the amount of flower. The most compounds produced by chrysanthemum are from fatty acid groups, then hydrocarbons, and diterpenes. The combination of 10 W + 4 hrs is an optimally increases flower metabolites production that produces the most compounds compared to other treatments.
Identifikasi Jenis Gastropoda Pada Zona Intertidal Pantai Deri Dan Pantai Watotena Kecamatan Ile Boleng Kabupaten Flores Timur
Authors: Hawan Florensia Keneka , Bullu Novi Ivonne , Ballo Apriliana
Published: June 2022

Gastropods are the class with the largest number of species, because it is a class of mollusk phylum that is most successfulin adapting to various types of marine and freshwater habitats to the terrestrial environment. The research was carried out on the identification of the types of gastropods in the Deri Beach and Watotena Beach with the aim to determine the type of gastropods in the region. The result of researchon the identification of the types of gastropods in the intertidal zone of Deri Beach and Watotena Beach found 9 types of gastropods, including Cypraea caputserpentis 14 individuals, Cypraea moneta 50 individuals, Nerita albicilla 86 individuals, Nerita polita 52 individuals, Nerita costata 39 individuals, Conus flavidus 24 individuals, Cantharus undosus 10 individuals, Morula granulate 213 individuals dan Drupa morum 25 individuals. The result of the calculation of the density  obtained the highest density on these two beaches there is the type of Morula granulate which is equal to 2,36 ind/m2 in Deri Beach with a relative density of 60,6%. Based on the calculation of values on both beaches this is categorized as having low diversity because the H’ < 1. Furthermore, in the calculation of the dominance index, values are found on both beaches close to 0 so it is categorized low. In addition, measurements were also taken environmental  parameters which include temperature, salinity, pH, and turbidity which result shows that Deri Beach  and Watotena Beach have decent conditions for gastropod life.
Bioakumulasi Timbal (Pb) Pada Makroalga Padina australis Hauck Di Perairan Laut Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Supardi Wahyu , Nugroho Andika Puspito
Published: June 2022

Pb lead metal is one of marine pollution material that can accumulate on macroalga Padina australis. The purpose of this research is to know the accumulation of Pb on P.australis, the abundance, and to know the Pb content correlation with abundance on P. australis. Research conducted on February 2018 in Makassar marine waters. The results indicate that there is a difference of the metal content of Pb on P.australis in each station. The metal content of Pb on the station I was at the range 0,0964-0,1388 ppm, Station II 0,0496-0,1050 ppm, and Station III 0,0597-0,1035 ppm which has exceeded the waters standard limit set>0.008 ppm.  The high average Pb concentration on the station I because the station I was closer to the mainland of potentially greater influx of Pb heavy metals on macroalgae. P. australis abundance on a station I 92 individuals, II 152 individuals, and III 319 individuals. The data analysis result shows the value of significant correlations 0.384>0.05 that there is no correlation between the Pb concentrations with abundance but the direction of correlation indicates negative (-0331) which means that if the Pb concentration rises then  P. australis abundance will decrease.
Potensi Antifungi Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Saluran Pencernaan Ayam Kampung terhadap Kapang Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Natasia Novera , Jannah Siti Nur , Rukmi MG Isworo
Published: June 2022

Contamination of Aspergillus flavus can attacks food and feed ingredients, especially seeds during the storage. The using of biological agents, like microbes that have antifungal activity becomes a promising and important solution to be studied. This research aims to find out the antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from digestive tract of “Kampung” chickens against the growing of A. flavus. Source of  the isolates are from colon, ventriculus, and crop. The inoculums of LAB which using were suspension of cell and cell free supernatant (CFS). There were 6 isolates of LAB (Bub1, Bub3, Bub4, V52, C51, and NNB) tested to obtain the potential of antifungal activity, by with well diffusion and and submerged culture method. The results showed that the 5 isolates suspension cell of LAB showed inhibitory zones, except Bub1, whereas all CFS LAB showed the inhibitory zones against the growth of A. flavus in MRSA medium.  Furthermore, antifungal activity of LAB against A. flavus to be observed by measuring the dry weight of the mycelium production, as well as the percentage of inhibition during the incubation period. All isolates of LAB, from suspension cell and CFS showing antifungal activity against growth of A. flavus. The Bub3 and NNB isolates, from suspension cell and CFS showed that the best antifungal activity compared to the others.
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Jenis Burung di Kawasan Mangrove Mangunharjo Semarang
Authors: Zaida Amalia , Rahayuningsih Margareta
Published: June 2022

The Mangunharjo mangrove area is one of the mangrove ecosystems in the coastal area of Semarang City. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of bird species, as well as the similarity index of bird communities in the Mangunharjo mangrove area. Data were collected using the point count method in the observation area including ponds, mangroves, rice fields, and beaches. Data collection was carried out periodically from July 2019 to February 2020 with three replications in each area. The results showed that in the Mangunharjo mangrove area there were 66 species of birds from 32 families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the observation area, from the highest to the lowest, were ponds 3.10 (high), mangroves 2.81 (medium), rice fields 2.75 (medium), and beaches 2.66 (moderate). The dominant bird species in the area are the Linci Swallow (15.73%) and the Little Egret (10.61%). While the areas that had the highest Sorensen species similarity index were ponds and mangroves with an index value of 62.5%.
Tingkat Keberhasilan Penanaman Mangrove Pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Timah Di Desa Rebo Kabupaten Bangka Sebagai Bentuk Pemanfaatan Lahan Dalam Wilayah Hutan Mangrove Di Pesisir Timur Pulau Bangka
Authors: Farhaby Arthur Muhammad , Anwar Muhammad Syaiful
Published: June 2022

The existence of unconventional mines (TI) which is increasingly prevalent nowadays has penetrated the coast, resulting in the mangrove ecosystem unable to develop properly. One of the areas affected by unconvencional minning activities is on the coast of Takari Beach, Bangka Regency. Takari Beach is one of the areas located on the coast of Rebo Village, Sungailiat District, Bangka Regency. One of the rehabilitation efforts carried out is by planting mangrove seedlings on Takari Beach in 2018 with a total of 500 mangrove seedlings. Mangrove rehabilitation activities are one form of land use conducted in Takari Beach. This activity also needs to be supported by the maintenance and monitoring of planting results to determine the success rate of mangrove planting activities on ex-tin mining land located in the coastal area of Takari Beach, Bangka. The results showed that the percentage of mangroves living at the observation station, namely on plot 1, was 71%. Plot 2's survival rate is 80%. The survival rate for plot 3 is 81%, the survival rate for plot 4 is 54%, and the survival rate for plot 5 is 27%. Plots 1,2 and 3 have a high survival rate, which is around 70-81%. Plots 4, and 5 have a low survival rate, which is around 27-54%. This can indicate that the success rate of mangrove survival can be said to be less successful. This could be due to the fact that there are still floating unconventional mining (TI) activities, which are operating again so that it is suspected that the tailings yield inhibits the growth rate and causes the death of mangrove seedlings.
Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Fenologi Phaseolus vulgaris L Faklutas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Sudiana Eming , Pratiknya Hery
Published: June 2022

Climate change is a condition characterized by changing world climate patterns which results in erratic weather phenomena. Altitude is one of the climate control factors that have a strong influence on air temperature. There is a correlation between changes in air temperature and altitude in Indonesia. The increase in altitude causes the air temperature to decrease and the O2 content is getting thinner. Altitude also affects the biophysics and reproduction of agricultural plants a lot, which includes the response of a decrease in temperature to the growth of agricultural plants and their production. This study aims to determine the effect of climate change on the flowering phenology of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the diversity of insect pollinators. Sampling was done by purposive sampling to collect flower data while Scan sampling was used to collect insect data. Samples were taken as many as 24 bean plants from the population at each location. There are six locations, namely 50 m asl, 200 m asl, 400 m asl, 600 m asl, 800 m asl, and 1,000 m asl. Plant parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, size of flowers and time of bloom and diversity of insect pollinators. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression correlation analysis. The results of the analysis showed the influence of altitude on the time the flowers first appeared, the number of flowers and flower size. Beans grow and develop optimally at an altitude of 800 - 1,000 m asl.
Isolasi, Skrining, dan Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Termotoleran Proteolitik dari Sumber Air Panas Nglimut Gonoharjo Kendal
Authors: Nafia Siti Zidna Ilma , Pujiyanto Sri , Budiharjo Anto
Published: June 2022

The potential for the use of enzymes in industry is starting to be widely used. Protease is one of the most widely used enzymes in industry. Protease is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing peptide bonds in proteins. Proteolytic thermotolerant bacteria are one of the important sources of thermostable enzymes that can be isolated from hot springs. The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen proteolytic thermotolerant bacteria and to identify molecularly the best isolates of proteolytic thermotolerant bacteria from the hot springs of Nglimut Gonoharjo. Isolation was carried out by graded dilution on Sodium Agar (NA) and Thermus Agar (TA) media using the spread plate method, and the proteolytic activity test using the paper disc method. Characterization of proteolytic bacterial isolates was carried out by macroscopic and microscopic morphology with gram staining. Molecular identification with 16S rRNA gene through amplification, electrophoresis, sequencing, BLAST analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction. The isolation results obtained 32 proteolytic thermotolerant isolates with irregular and round colony shape characteristics, Gram positive and Gram negative, and stem cells. The results of the enzyme test showed that isolate T5 was the best isolate with a proteolytic index value of 1.90 and was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Gram Positive and Gram Negative, and have stem cells. The results of the enzyme test showed that isolate T5 was the best isolate with a proteolytic index value of 1.90 and was identified as Bacillus subtilis.
Eksplorasi Jamur Di Desa Kedung Pacul, Klaten dan Potensi Pemanfaatannya
Authors: Mahardhika Wahyu Aji , Utami Astriana Bhakti , Lunggani Arina Tri , Putra Ivan Permana
Published: June 2022

Kedung Pacul, Gondangsari Village is one of the villages in Klaten Regency whose regional vegetation consists of trees, and shrubs. The shaded vegetation conditions are very suitable for overgrown mushroom. However, there is currently no record of macrofungal exploration in the village and its potential utilization. This study aims to explore mushroom in Kedung Pacul, Gondangsari Village and present the characteristics of macrofungi. The study used purposive sampling method covering roadsides, gardens, and around the house yard. Mushroom then performed macroscopic characteristics with some literature. The results of the research have found as many as 27 species including Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Lentinus sp1., Neofavolus sp., Trametes sp., Tyromyces sp., Entoloma sp., Gymnopilus sp., Cyathus sp., Lentinus sajor-caju, Daldinia sp., Parasola sp., Lentinus arcularis, Leucoagaricus sp., Phallus indusiatus, Coprinus sp., Coprinellus sp., Lentinus sp2, Xylaria sp., Tremellodendron sp., Chlorophyllum sp., Leucocoprinus sp1, Leucocoprinus sp2, Termitomyces sp., Agaricus trisulphuratus, Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Agaricus sp. Several species are known to have potential as food, medicine, and cosmetics. This article is the first report on the exploration of mushroom diversity in Kedung Pacul, Gondangsari Village, Klaten Regency. Mushroom exploration efforts are still needed in the Gondangsari Village area and Klaten Regency..
Struktur Komunitas Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) di KHDTK Wanadipa Undip Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kusuma Tyas Citra , Hadi Mochamad , Hidayat Jafron Wasiq
Published: June 2022

Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Wanadipa Undip is one part of the Penggaron forest that located in East Ungaran District, Semarang Regency. Part of the KHDTK Wanadipa Undip area has a variety of vegetation that has the potential as a habitat for butterflies. This study aims to analyze the community structure and identify the types of butterflies found in KHDTK Wanadipa Undip, Semarang Regency. Butterflies are one of the herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems that have several roles in the ecological and economic fields. The method used is roaming and point determination using a point count of 4 plots with a distance of 50 meters from each point and a time of ± 20 minutes. The results showed 31 types of butterflies belonging to 5 families. The highest relative abundance index value at 3 stations was found in the species Catopsilia pyranthe, while the lowest was at station 2, namely Euploea mulciber and Hypolimnas bolina species. The diversity index value is 1.43 – 3.12 which is classified as low to moderate. The evenness index value at all stations is classified as almost evenly, which is 0.74 – 0.93. The highest similarity index is found at stations 3 and 4 as well as environmental factor parameters at KHDTK Wanadipa Undip such as altitude, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity, which are sufficient for butterfly life.
Clustering of seismicity in the Indonesian Region for the 2018-2020 Period using the DBSCAN Algorithm
Authors: Amalia Akrima , Harmoko Udi , Yuliyanto Gatot
Published: June 2022

Indonesia is located at the confluence of 3 large, active plates that are constantly moving. Therefore, Indonesia is one of the countries that has a high level of seismicity risk. This study aims to classify seismicity data in the Indonesian region based on coordinate data which contains variable data on frequency of occurrence, depth, and strength of seismicity. Seismicity data was obtained from the BMKG official website using data for the period 2018 to 2020. The clustering technique used was the DBSCAN algorithm. This algorithm requires epsilon and MinPts input parameters. The results of the cluster formed will then be validated using silhouette coefficients. Based on the coordinate data, 4 clusters were formed with 4 disturbances. Based on the characteristic data, 3 clusters were formed with 5 disturbances. The silhouette coefficient obtained was 0.35 for coordinate data and 0.39 for characteristic data. This research is useful for increasing the use value of abundant seismicity information and can be used as an effort to mitigate seismicity natural disasters.
Layer deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) using DC-sputtering method with variation of deposition time: study of microstructure and coating hardness
Authors: Mukaromah Uli Aprilia , Andriyanti Wiwien , Sutanto Heri , Sahabudin Nuha Nazilah
Published: June 2022

The A thin layer of titanium dioxidehas been deposited using the DC-Sputtering method at various time of deposition of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes and 150 minutes. This study aims to grow a layer of TiO2 on the surface of stainless steel 316L with a certain time variation to determine the characterization of the microstructure, hardness, and properties of the coating to the water contact angle. The XRD test results show that the titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin layer has a TiO2-monoclinicstructure corresponding to the planes (133), (133), (220), (133) and (133), while the crystallite size can be determined using Debye-scherrer Equation were ~14.34318 nm, ~17.09422 nm, ~18.94568 nm, ~14.04389 nm, and ~7.90887 nm, respectively. The hardness value was obtained through the Vickers Hardness Test and it is known that the TiO2 layer can increase the hardness value by ~48.175% with a maximum hardness value of 170.105 VHN at a deposition time of 90 minutes. Observations from the contact angle test can be seen that the TiO2 layer is hydrophilic.
Optimization of linear taper design of a silicon-slab waveguide
Authors: Tresna Wildan Panji , Ahmad Umar Ali , Putra Alexander William Setiawan
Published: June 2022

A linear taper is applied on a slab waveguide to control the divergence angle of the light. In this research, the slab waveguide design consists of silicon (Si) and SiO2 as the core and the substrate, respectively. The tapered design is optimized by measuring of Full-Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of the light after propagation in a Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD). The simulation results show that the optimized taper design is obtained when its length LT and width WL are 125 µm and 10 µm, respectively. This value is the optimal length to get the small diffraction angle of light during propagation in the waveguide. Thus, the divergence angle of the input light of the slab waveguide can be minimized by using this structure. One purpose of this research is to develop a miniaturized optical technology that is like the size of a chip.
Effect of Yield Silver Nanoparticles in Enhancing Raman Signal of SERS Substrate Fabricated on Whatman Filter Paper
Authors: Hidayah Affi Nur , Herbani Yuliati , Triyono Djoko , Saleh Rosari
Published: June 2022

On Whatman Filter Paper, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrate was created from colloidal silver nanoparticles by drop casting in varied volume colloidal nanoparticles of 3 ml and 6 ml. Using Raman Spectroscopy, SERS substrates were investigated for their ability to enhance 500 ppm of Deltamethrin pesticides Raman Signal. The number of colloidal nanoparticles is related to the volume of colloidal nanoparticles, indicating that high yields nanoparticle synthesis. The results demonstrate that fabricating SERS substrates in 6 ml increased Raman signal more than fabricating nanoparticles in 3 ml.
Čtení historické sociologie. Postřehy a hříčky
Authors: Šalanda Bohuslav
Published: June 2022

Editorial
Contracts and Equality: The Dangers of Non-disclosure Agreements in English Law
Authors: MacMillan Catharine
Published: June 2022

This paper is concerned with the interaction between the principle of equal treatment and non-disclosure agreements in English law. The common use of non-disclosure agreements (also referred to as ‘confidentiality clauses’ or ‘gagging clauses’) as a term in contracts settling possible claims in which harassment or discrimination were alleged came to public prominence in England following the #MeToo movement. There has, though, been little consideration of the enforceability of these non-disclosure agreements as a matter of contract law and the impact of non-disclosure agreements upon equality. This paper examines the legal enforceability of these agreements as a matter of English contract law. It is argued that non-disclosure agreements, designed to obtain silence, work to impede the equality of women. English contract law provides few protections from the potential abuse that can arise from non-disclosure agreements.
Study on stability of grape seed oil/rice hydrolyzed protein emulsion
Authors: Duan Fangyu , Zhang Ying , Wang Yue , Zhang Xu , Zhao Wei , Zhang Hao
Published: June 2022

In this study, the stability mechanism of grape seed oil/rice hydrolyzed protein emulsion was studied. The grape seed oil (10% v/v) and rice hydrolyzed protein (2% w/v) were homogenized under high pressure to prepare the emulsion. It was observed by CLSM and Multiple light scatterometer that the emulsion had long-term storage stability, and the average particle size of droplets was 0.984–1.363 µm. ζ-potential ranged from −37.733 mV to −25.633 mV. It is found that the emulsion has strong resistance to temperature, ions and other environmental factors from the macroscopic and microscopic structure, and no emulsion stratification phenomenon occurs. The composite emulsion can be used in the field of food industry and fine chemical industry, which can provide nutrition and functionality of products, its research has certain value and has a wide space for development.
Implementation of the Spark technique in a matrix distributed computing algorithm
Authors: Wang Ying , Cengiz Korhan
Published: June 2022

Two analyzes of Spark engine performance strategies to implement the Spark technique in a matrix distributed computational algorithm, the multiplication of a sparse multiplication operational test model. The dimensions of the two input sparse matrices have been fixed to 30,000 × 30,000, and the density of the input matrix have been changed. The experimental results show that when the density reaches about 0.3, the original dense matrix multiplication performance can outperform the sparse-sparse matrix multiplication, which is basically consistent with the relationship between the sparse matrix multiplication implementation in the single-machine sparse matrix test and the computational performance of the local native library. When the density of the fixed sparse matrix is 0.01, the distributed density-sparse matrix multiplication outperforms the same sparsity but uses the density matrix storage, and the acceleration ratio increases from 1.88× to 5.71× with the increase in dimension. The overall performance of distributed operations is improved.
Relation of Prostate Specific Antigen and Histopathology of Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Abu baker Salah , Rashid Payman
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Prostate cancer is now the commonest cancer in men and the second commonest cause of cancer death after lung cancer. The introduction of pros-tate specific antigen (PSA) testing has revolutionized the early detection, management and follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and it is considered to be one of the best bio-chemical markers currently available in the field of oncology. This prospective study was aimed to Evaluate the diagnostic performance characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) by comparing serum PSA value with histopathological finding of prostate biopsy , Determine the relation between PSA and various prostatic diseases, and To explain the effect of age on PSA testing. Methods: To fulfill these objectives, 92 specimens of prostate biopsy from patients with history of prostatism who underwent prostate surgery (prostatectomy, TURP and true cut biopsy of prostate) with samples of serum for tPSA analysis taken preoperatively during a period of 10 months. In addition to 33 samples of serum taken from apparently healthy indi-viduals for tPSA analysis. Results: From 92 cases 12 of them were malignant, 49 cases were BPH and 31 cases were BPH with prostatitis. Statistically there was significant relation between PSA values and histopathological findings of prostate biopsy and significant relation between age and PSA value of apparently healthy individuals. PSA sensitivity was (100%), specificity (46.25%), PPV (21.8%), and NPV (100 Sensitivity of PSA testing was better than specific-ity. Conclusion: It is concluded that PSA evaluation is a sensitive marker for prostate can-cer but because of various other conditions that affect serum PSA concentration. Other methods of investigations such as DRE, TRUS and histological examination should be combined to confirm diagnosis.
Evaluation of the importance of pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland anatomically in the surgical fields in Erbil
Authors: Alnajjar Suhail
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Dealing with the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland was not principally and cautiously under run in the surgery of the thyroid gland as the other two lat-eral lobes formerly. For this reason, the present work planned to study the anatomy and histopathology of the pyramidal lobe and to evaluate the degree their significance in surgi-cal fields. Methods: The study included patients' preparation for operation, recording age, gender distributions, and measurement of pyramidal lobe moreover to view of directions. Blood supply and histopathology of the pyramidal lobe investigated during thyroid operations of 113 patients in Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil. Results: Goiter patient's sex distributions were as the following; 94 (83%) female and 19 (17%) male. PL frequency was 61/ 113 case (74%); 50 (82%) females and 11(18%) males. pyramidal lobe directions were 21 directed right, in 40 cases to left. Arterial supplies of 34 cases were from a branch of the superior thyroid artery, in 27 cases were from isthmus. Venous drainage was joining venous plexus of the thyroid isthmus. Age distribution; fe-males were commonly affected at (25 to 45y). Males were (28-62y). Pyramidal lobe mean length was (3.2+ 1.8cm) and the width (1.6+ 0.7cm). Histopathologically; pyramidal lobe involved by principal thyroid lobes pathologies in 43 (71%) of the patients. Conclusion: This study alert us that the pyramidal lobe mustbe managed as a principal lobe during operations, because It may be a source of pitfall during the operation or it may be a future source of mucinous carcinoma of thyroid.
Some important comparative parameters between Patients with Chronic Renal Failure and Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy in Erbil
Authors: Alnakshabandi Abdulkader
Published: June 2022

Background and objective: Patients with chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy reveals biochemical changes .This study aim to investigate the differences of some impor-tant biochemical changes in these two groups of patients in comparison with normal con-trols. Methods: (80) patients were selected with different Renal disease complications. A control group of (30) healthy,18 males and 12 females were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups the first group with chronic renal failure, include (40) patients,(25) male and (15) female ; the second group with diabetic –nephropathy , include ( 40) pa-tients,(25) male, and (15) female. Determination of the biochemical compound level as creatinine ,urea ,uric acid ,total protein (T.P) , albumin ,total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipo-protein (LDH-c) ,high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) , and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio. Results: Patients with chronic renal failure showed increasing levels of (creatinine, urea, -uric acid ) in their serum, and lower levels of (total protein, albumin). Mild increase in lev-els of (TC, LDL-c), while great increased level of triglyceride were recorded, also a great decline in the level of HDL-c was found, which indicate a high risk factor and moderate in-crease in (LDL-c/HDL-c) ratio .Patients with diabetic nephropathy showed slight increase in the levels of (creatinine, urea, uric acid ), however still lower than that in chronic renal fail-ure group. Also they showed decreased levels of (total protein, albumin) ,but still lower than in chronic renal failure and Increased level of ( TC,TG, LDL-C, LDL-c/HDL-c) which were greater than the increase in chronic renal failure .Also decrease in the level of HDL-c, but still less than that in chronic renal failure. Conclusion: Patients with chronic renal failure or with diabetic nephropathy showed sig-nificant increase in the levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid; and decreased levels of al-bumin and total protein. Both group of patients showed variation in their cholesterol, LDL-c, triglyceride, and LDL/HDL-c ratio.