bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can stronger governance and institutional quality drive growth through inward foreign direct investments in BRICS nations?
Authors: Malik Avisha , Sah Ash Narayan
Published: October 2024

Background: This research focusses on the significance of institutional quality (INSQ) and governance in shaping the relationship between foreign direct investments (FDI) and growth. It specifically examines the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) because of their economic significance in the global economy.Aim: This study aims to analyse the impact of INSQ and governance on sustainable growth, with a particular focus on its effects through the channels of FDI in the BRICS countries.Setting: Annual panel data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) statistics, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) statistics and the World Bank indicators spanning two decades (2000–2022) are used to analyse BRICS nations.Methods: The research study employed the Bayesian time-varying coefficient vector autoregression (BTVC-VAR) model to achieve the objective of the study.Results: The findings indicate that there is no long-term relationship between FDI, INSQ and economic growth in the BRICS countries. However, there is a noticeable co-movement among these variables in the short run.Conclusion: Given the obtained results, the policymakers should prioritise efforts to strengthen institutional capacity in the short term while focussing on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-8 and SDG-16).Contribution: The existing studies have assumed static economic, social and political conditions, potentially failing to accurately depict the complexities of an actual economy. This study offers methodological innovation by employing Bayesian time-varying coefficient vector autoregression (BTVC-VAR), enabling coefficients to adapt to evolving economic conditions over time. This effectively captures the dynamic nature of variables and provides reliable estimates.
Integrating traditional and non-traditional model risk frameworks in credit scoring
Authors: Du Toit Hendrik A. , Schutte Willem D. , Raubenheimer Helgard
Published: October 2024

Background: An improved understanding of the reasoning behind model decisions can enhance the use of machine learning (ML) models in credit scoring. Although ML models are widely regarded as highly accurate, the use of these models in settings that require explanation of model decisions has been limited because of the lack of transparency. Especially in the banking sector, model risk frameworks frequently require a significant level of model interpretability.Aim: The aim of the article is to evaluate traditional model risk frameworks to determine their appropriateness when validating ML models in credit scoring and enhance the use of ML models in regulated environments by introducing a ML interpretability technique in model validation frameworks.Setting: The research considers model risk frameworks and regulatory guidelines from various international institutions.Method: The research is qualitative in nature and shows how through integrating traditional and non-traditional model risk frameworks, the practitioner can leverage trusted techniques and extend traditional frameworks to address key principles such as transparency.Results: The article proposes a model risk framework that utilises Shapley values to improve the explainability of ML models in credit scoring. Practical validation tests are proposed to enable transparency of model input variables in the validation process of ML models.Conclusion: Our results show that one can formulate a comprehensive validation process by integrating traditional and non-traditional frameworks.Contribution: This study contributes to existing model risk literature by proposing a new model validation framework that utilises Shapley values to explain ML model predictions in credit scoring.
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: A Case Report and Literature Review of an Underdiagnosed Benign Entity
Authors: Thambiraj Paruvathavarthini , Balasubramanian Kalaivanan , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman
Published: October 2024

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is an uncommon non-Langerhans cell histiocytic lesion that usually occurs at an early age and is asymptomatic. It is usually a self-limiting disorder, and predilection sites are the head and neck, extremities, and trunk. We report a 3-year-old male child who presented to the hospital with asymptomatic swelling in the right upper eyelid region. Excision biopsy was done, and histopathology along with immunohistochemistry was reported as JXG. It is essential to differentiate this condition from childhood malignancy.
Dental Developmental Anomalies and Their Management: An Orthodontic Perspective
Authors: Egipsy Kelly Celina Tessie Monteiro , Koya Shafees , Umar Dilshad , Shetty Subramanya , Shetty Sandeep
Published: October 2024

Dental developmental anomalies present intricate challenges in orthodontic practice, necessitating tailored treatment approaches for optimal outcomes. This review offers a comprehensive examination of current orthodontic strategies for managing such anomalies, emphasizing practical considerations, treatment options, and clinical insights, while delving deeper into the anomalies themselves. From anomaly in number to anomaly in structure, dental developmental anomalies encompass a diverse spectrum of conditions, each characterized by deviations from normal dental development. These anomalies may arise due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, and can significantly impact a patient’s oral health, function, and aesthetics. Early detection and intervention are crucial in addressing dental developmental anomalies effectively, as timely treatment can help mitigate complications and reduce the need for extensive orthodontic interventions later in life. However, the diagnosis of these anomalies can be challenging, often requiring a combination of clinical examination, radiographic imaging, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Orthodontic management often necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with various dental specialists, including pediatric dentists, oral surgeons, and prosthodontists. Treatment modalities may encompass both fixed and removable appliances, as well as surgical interventions tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient. Surgical interventions may be warranted for severe anomalies but are typically reserved for cases where conservative measures are insufficient. By delving into the nuances of dental developmental anomalies and exploring practical treatment options, this review aims to provide valuable insights for orthodontic practitioners navigating the complexities of these conditions, ultimately contributing to improved patient care and outcomes.
Dobutamine-induced transient cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Mastebhakti Bhavana , Mustaqueem Arif , Bhandari Suman
Published: October 2024

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. We report a rare case of dobutamine-induced transient cardiomyopathy during dobutamine stress echocardiography, whose coronary angiography was suggestive of noncritical coronary artery disease. The patient was managed conservatively and was discharged after 7 days in a hemodynamically stable condition with improved LV function. Anticoagulation was not pursued due to improvement in LV function. We also herein aim to review the epidemiology, various accepted mechanisms of etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications, diagnostic criteria, and currently practiced guidelines on the management of stress-induced cardiomyopathy.
FIGO PALM–COEIN Classification of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Saudi Women
Authors: Alkhamis Areeb A. , AlDeghaither Basmah S. , Aldakhil Lateefa O.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a significant concern in women’s health. However, there is limited research on its prevalence and characteristics in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of AUB in a gynecology outpatient setting in Saudi Arabia and to categorize the cases of AUB according to the FIGO classification.

Methods:

This retrospective study included all Saudi female patients who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a 2-year period, except those who were pregnant. Data regarding demographics, BMI, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, ultrasound results, and histopathology findings was collected. Cases of AUB were classified using the FIGO PALM-COEIN system.

Results:

A total of 2724 patients were included, of which 44.6% had AUB. The most common presentations of AUB were irregular cycles (59.3%) and heavy bleeding (12.8%), and the most affected group was the reproductive age group (19-39 years). Obesity was identified as a significant risk factor. AUB-O (ovulatory disorder; functional cause) was the most prevalent (23%), followed by AUB-L (leiomyomas, 18%; structural cause) and AUB-P (polyps, 8.8%). Specific AUB patterns correlated with ultrasonographic findings, with heavy bleeding associated with polyps, adenomyosis, and leiomyomas. AUB patients had lower hemoglobin levels, indicating potential health impacts.

Conclusions:

The study found that nearly half of all women presenting with gynecological complaints in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, have AUB. According to the FIGO classification, functional causes of AUB were more prevalent than structural causes. Further research is necessary to explore underlying causes of AUB and its long-term health implications.
Extended Review and Updates of Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Farfar Kalifa , Habas Eshrak , Rayani Amnna , Elzouki Abdul-Naser
Published: October 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD), also known as pancreatic steatosis, is a benign condition characterized by deposition of lipids in the pancreas and is associated with insulin resistance, malnutrition, obesity, metabolic syndrome, aging, and absence of heavy alcohol intake or infection. Similar to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFPD is a phenotypic entity that includes fat buildup in the pancreas, pancreatic inflammation, and subsequent fibrosis. The extent to which pancreatic fat infiltration is clinically important remains unclear. Despite these clinical associations, most of the clinical effects of NAFPD are not known. NAFPD may be identified by transabdominal and elastography ultrasound, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging modalities, but a confirmatory diagnosis can only be made through tissue histology. In addition to complications such as acute and chronic pancreatitis, NAFPD may progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, further research is required to fully understand the associations, pathophysiology, and effects of NAFPD. This review provides a narrative synthesis of the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications, diagnostic and imaging tools, and management of NAFPD.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Infections in a Community Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gaifer Zied , Fallatah Raneem , Alanazi Alhanouf , Alfagi Raghad , Alharbi Lina , Osman Haitham
Published: October 2024

Background:

Acinetobacter is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes nosocomial infections, increasing healthcare costs, patient morbidity, and mortality. The rate of carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter species is rising in several countries, including Saudi Arabia.

Objective:

To determine the risk factors and compare the predictors of mortality in patients infected with carbapenem-susceptible and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter strains.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study included patients with Acinetobacter infection who were admitted to a community hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2017 and June 2021. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risks of acquiring carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections and the mortality risk associated with these infections.

Results:

This study included 138 Acinetobacter-infected cases, of which 114 (82%) were carbapenem-resistant infections. Between 2017 and 2020, resistance rates increased from 75% to 87%. Patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections had higher 90-day mortality than those with carbapenem-susceptible infection (62% vs. 29%, P = 0.006). The risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections were prior antimicrobial therapy (aOR: 8.36 [1.69–41.29]; P = 0.009) and mechanical ventilation (aOR: 6.07 [1.82–20.20]; P = 0.003). Among all patients with Acinetobacter infections, significant predictors of 90-day mortality were carbapenem resistance (aOR: 3.26 [1.19–8.90]; P = 0.021) and Charlson comorbidity score (aOR: 1.19 [1.06–1.34]; P = 0.004).

Conclusion:

The increase in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter cases in this study was consistent with the findings of other studies from Saudi Arabia. This, together with the high associated mortality rates, indicates the urgent need for effective antimicrobials and infection prevention strategies to combat carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections in hospitals.
Property FA is not a profinite property
Authors: Cheetham-West Tamunonye , Lubotzky Alexander , Reid Alan W. , Spitler Ryan
Published: October 2024

We exhibit infinitely many pairs of non-isomorphic finitely presented, residually finite groups

\Delta

and

\Gamma

with

\Delta

having Property FA,

\Gamma

having a non-trivial action on a tree, and

\Delta

and

\Gamma

having isomorphic profinite completions.
$q$–de Rham complexes of higher level
Authors: Li Kimihiko
Published: October 2024

In this article, we construct two kinds of de Rham–like complexes which compute the cohomology of complete crystals on the higher-level

q

-crystalline site, which was introduced in a previous article by the author. One complex is the

q

-analog of the higher de Rham complex constructed by Miyatani, and another complex is the

q

-analog of the jet complex constructed by Le Stum–Quirós. The complexes we construct can also be regarded as the higher-level analogs of the

q

–de Rham complex.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chemical and herbal toothpastes on selected clinical microbial oral flora
Authors: Buru A. S. , Tola A. P. , Akinseye J. F. , Oluboyo B. O. , Egbebi A. H. , Zagi T. H.
Published: October 2024

Background: Microbes are most commonly found associated with oral diseases. Globally, researchers along with the world Health Organization (WHO) suggested that this could be due to poor oral health and encourage all individuals to practice good oral hygiene using daily oral health products. The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of toothpastes, as acclaimed by the manufacturers, to selected microbial flora involved in oral infections. Methodology: The antimicrobial activity of 6 toothpastes (3 herbal and 3 chemical) was tested against 3 clinical microbial isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each toothpaste determined for each microbial isolate using the broth dilution method. Results: Colgate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 125mg/ml, followed by Oral-B with MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, Dabur herbal with MIC and MBC of 250mg/ml and 500mg/ml, and Longrich with MIC of 500mg/ml and MBC of 1000mg/ml. Colgate and CloseUp exhibited highest inhibitory activity against E. coli with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, followed by Dabur herbal with MIC of 500mg/ml but no MBC. Colgate exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against C. albicans with respective MIC and MBC of 125mg/ml and 500mg/ml, followed by CloseUp with MIC of 500mg/ml, Longrich with MIC of 500mg/ml and MBC of 1000mg/ml, and oral-B with MIC of 500mg/ml but no MBC. Longrich and Oral-B exhibited no MIC/MBC against E. coli while Gavia charcoal exhibited no MIC/MBC against all the 3 microbial isolates at the concentrations used in the assay.Conclusion: The results obtained showed that chemically formulated toothpastes (Colgate, CloseUp and Oral-B) had higher inhibitory activity on microbial isolates than herbal toothpastes (Longrich, Dabur herbal and Gavia charcoal). This supports the manufacturers claim for the chemical toothpastes used, however, the herbal toothpastes showed little or no inhibitory effects on the microbial flora.
Suspected epidermolysis bullosa simplex with anonychia and sepsis in a malnourished 7-month-old infant in Katsina, northwest Nigeria: A case report.
Authors: Ajide O. B. , Mahmood K. , Okonta N. A. E. , Otaru M. , Moses A. L. , Usman A. , Aminu B. T. , Obaro H. K.
Published: October 2024

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an uncommon hereditary cutaneous disorder inherited largely in an autosomal dominant manner. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) typically presents at birth or early childhood, and common presenting complaints include blistering, skin fragility, and non-healing wounds inconsistent with mechanical trauma. It is associated with several complications such as sepsis, malnutrition, malignancy, and so on. The management of EBS is mainly supportive. The prognosis is good with early detection, wound care, infection control, nutritional support, and counseling. We present a case of suspected EBS-Dowling Meara type with acquired anonychia and sepsis in a malnourished 7-month-old infant in Katsina, and to the best of our knowledge the first reported case in northwest Nigeria
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasmosis in HIV positive and negative patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Eyong E. E. J. , Elinor T. S. , Moses S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals including humans. T. gondii is regarded as an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause infection in HIV/AIDS patients associated with high mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of T. gondii infection in HIV-positive and negative patients and establish the relationship between HIV viral load and active toxoplasmosis in the Bamenda Regional Hospital Cameroon. Methodology: Three hundred and three (201 HIV-positive and 102 HIV-negative) participants attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon, were randomly recruited into the study. Well-structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors from each participant. Venous blood samples were collected for serological detection of toxoplasmosis using One-Step Toxo IgG/IgM rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, followed by confirmation of all positive samples by Toxoplasma IgM ELISA test. Data were analysed on SPSS version 23.0. Association of potential risk factors with seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was done using Chi square test, and comparison of means HIV loads between participant categories was done using Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis as applicable, with p<0.05 considered as significant level. Results: Of the 303 participants, 93 were positive for Toxoplasma IgG, giving latent toxoplasmosis seroprevalence rate of 30.7%, while 2 of the 303 participants were seropositive for Toxoplasma IgM, indicating active toxoplasmosis in 0.7%. The seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was 28.9% (n=58/201) in HIV-positive compared to 34.3% (n=35/102) in HIV-negative participants (χ2=0.948, OR=0.775, p=0.330), while the seroprevalence of active toxoplasmosis was 1.0% (n=2/201) in HIV-positive compared to 0% (n=0/102) in HIV-negative participants (χ2=0.068, OR=2.568, p=0.552). Viral load was detectable (≥ 42 viral copies/ml) in 54 of the 201 HIV-positive participants, giving an overall detectable viral load rate of 26.9%. The sero-prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was higher in HIV-positive participants with detectable viral load than those with non-detectable viral load, and the two HIV-positive patients with active toxoplasmosis had detectable viral loads. The risk factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with the latent toxoplasmosis were owning a cat, presence of stray cats, playing with cats, and eating soya. Conclusion: Latent toxoplasmosis is prevalent among HIV-positive and negative patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon, with active infection only among HIV-infected patients.
Diabetes and tuberculosis comorbidity: a cross-sectional study of patients attending diabetes clinic in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Hackman H. K. , Annison L. , Appiah M. , Arhin R. E. , Akorli W. E. K. , Annison S. , Borteih B. B.
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetes and tuberculosis have significantly increased health-related and socioeconomic implications on individuals, families, health systems, and the global economy at large, making them a serious global health concern. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes-tuberculosis co-morbidity and the socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical factors associated with this comorbidity. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of selected diabetic patients at the diabetic clinic of the Shai Osudoku District Hospital-Dodowa in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Sputum samples from confirmed diabetics were screened for tuberculosis using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Test and Ziehl-Neelsen AFB Microscopy. The patients’ awareness of their susceptibility to diabetes-tuberculosis, treatment compliance and care manager attentiveness, were assessed through semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses of data were performed using Microsoft Analysis Tool Pak. Results: The prevalence of diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity in the study was 7.0% (7/100). The occurrence of diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity among the participants seemed to be higher in males (11.1%, 3/27) as compared to female (5.5%, 4/73), with no statistically significant difference (p=0.327). The females with diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity statistically demonstrated poorer glycaemic control (females: 17.08±0.79 mmol/L and males: 15.95±0.79 mmol/L; 95% Cl; 7.15, p<0.001). Participants in the age group 61-80 years had the highest prevalence of 11.4% (4/35) for diabetics-tuberculosis comorbidity but this was not statistically significant (p=0.509), although their mean blood glucose was significantly higher than other age groups (p=0.0137). The mean of patients with no awareness of their susceptibility to diabetic-tuberculosis co-morbidity was 77±28.97% (95% CI=3.79-46.62, p=0.4648). Treatment compliance was observed in 91.0% of the study participants mainly due to high level of attentiveness by care providers at the diabetic clinic for 69.0% of the participants. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity in this study is 7.0%, with majority of the diabetics not aware of their susceptibility to tuberculosis although there was high treatment compliance. There is the need for the adoption of a collaborative framework and integrated approach in the clinical management and control of diabetes and tuberculosis.
In vitro evaluation of Morinda lucida root extracts against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens isolated from diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Achukwu N. O. , Enweani-Nwokelo I. B. , Urama E. U.
Published: October 2024

Background: The continuous rise in microbial resistance to orthodox antimicrobial drugs has led to the search for alternative sources with proven efficacy to solve the challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The preferred alternatives are plant sources, and this has led to the evaluation of constituents and potency of medicinal plants to provide scientific justification for their use. Methodology: The root of Morinda lucida plant was dug up from the ground, washed clean, and cut into smaller pieces and dried. The root was then ground into fine powder and extracted with water (aqueous), methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from wound swab samples collected from patients with diabetic foot ulcers using conventional cultures, biochemical identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The phytochemical and proximate contents of the extracts were assessed by standard technique. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined at a concentration of 200mg/ml of the extract using the agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined by serial doubling dilution. The methanol extract time-kill assay was performed to determine the time of kill of the bactericidal concentration. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that M. lucida root contains essential secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, saponin, glucosides, anthraquinone and quinine. The methanol and aqueous extracts showed higher in vitro antibacterial activity, producing the highest zone of inhibition of 27mm against S. aureus but a lower activity of 18mm with n-hexane extract against all isolates except S. aureus. The MIC ranges from 3.125mg/ ml and 25mg/ml. The time-kill assay of methanol extract at 2x and 3x MIC showed that bactericidal activity occurred within 0-8 hours of incubation, indicating high activity. Conclusion: The antibacterial potency of M. lucida root extract and the phytochemical components from this study shows that it can serve as a source of alternative antimicrobial agent that may be effective in the treatment MDR bacterial infections.
The role of organizational culture as a moderating factor in the relationship between e-procurement adoption, procurement performance, and value for money
Authors: Issah Ofori , Ackah David
Published: October 2024

The study assesses the role of organizational culture in the relationship between e-procurement adoption, procurement performance, and value for money. A single cross-sectional survey approach was used in collecting data from the respondents and relied on quantitative approach. convenience sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 136. The findings of the study concluded that electronic procurement has a positive and significant effect on procurement performance. Procurement performance has a positive and significant effect on value for money. Organizational culture does not significantly moderate the relationship between electronic procurement and procurement performance. Organizational   culture positively and significantly moderates the relationship between procurement performance and value for money. The study contributes to academic knowledge by exploring the moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between electronic procurement adoption, procurement performance, and value for money.
The effect of transactional costs and competitive tendering on public procurement performance
Authors: Issah Ofori , Boafo Eric Dadzie
Published: October 2024

The study determines the influence of transactional cost and competitive tendering on procurement performance. This study adopted an explanatory research design relying on primary source of data. Purposeful sampling technique was employed to obtain a sample size of 142 respondents. The findings of the study established that transactional cost has a positive and significant influence on procurement performance. Competitive tendering has a positive and significant influence on procurement performance. Competitive tendering has a positive and significant influence on transactional cost. This study is to help industries to understand that transactional costs and competitive tendering play a crucial role in achieving cost efficiency in public procurement.
Research grant writing tips and advice
Authors: Renzaho Andre
Published: October 2024

Writing a research grant proposal is a challenge. The biggest challenge relates to writing a grant without understanding the audience. There are two audiences one needs to have in mind when planning to write a grant. The first audience is the agency to which you plan to submit the grant application and the second audience is your own institution.  You need to ensure that whatever research idea you plan to put forward not only fits the funding agency's research priorities but also that it aligns with your organisation’s research priorities.  If you fail to articulate your grant application within these two parameters, then you know that it may not necessarily be competitive.  Hence, you need to look back and try to understand whether you are aware of the funding agency's mission, research agenda, and guidelines, especially grant submission rules and inclusion and exclusion criteria. You do not want to waste your time putting a grant proposal and then realise at the last minute that you are not going to be eligible.  In this paper I outline some of the tips to help you make your grant writing journey a rewarding exercise.
HOW TO REFERENCE USING ASWDNET STYLE
Renzaho, A. M. N. (2024). Research grant writing tips and advice. African Journal of Social Work, 14(3), 108-119`. Grant writing workshop presentation delivered on 22 March 2022, organised by the African Social Work Development Network, East Africa Social Work Regional Centre and Association of Schools of Social Work in Africa. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v14i3.1
Visit journal website: https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net
Sexual Information Sources And Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Female Secondary School Adolescents In Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ushie Akpa Stephen , Bassey Anam Blessing , Udochukwu Akah Levi
Published: October 2024

This study adopted correlational survey design to establish the relationship between sexual information sources and risky sexual behaviour among female secondary school adolescents in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria.  It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses.  A sample of 395   female      students    in     public secondary    schools in the study area were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. One instrument titled “sexual information sources and risky sexual behaviour (SISRSBQ) was developed   by the researcher   with the help of research experts and    used for data collection.  The reliability of the questionnaire, established using Cronbach Alpha which ranges from 80 to .87.   The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that   formal education, social media sources of information   significantly relate   to risky sexual behaviour among female secondary school adolescents. it was concluded that the risky sexual behaviours of female students depend   their   formal education, social media sources of information. Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it was recommended amongst others that schools should develop curricula that not only provide accurate sexual health information but also teach critical media literacy skills. This would help students discern credible sources from unreliable ones on social media platforms.
Parental Guidance, Peer Association As Correlate Of Preventive Measures Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Secondary School Students In Ekwusigo Local Government Area In Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ushie Akpa Stephen , Bassey Anam Blessing , Udochukwu Akah Levi
Published: October 2024

This study adopted correlational survey design to established the relationship between parental   guidance.   peer association   and    preventive measures against   sexually transmitted diseases   among secondary   school students in Ekwusigo Local Government Area in Anambra State, Nigeria. It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses.  A sample of 266 SS2    students    in six    public secondary    schools in the study area were selected using simple random sampling technique. One instrument titled “Source   of preventive measures against   sexually transmitted diseases (SPMSTQ) was developed   by the researchers   with the help of experts and    used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire, established using Cronbach Alpha which ranges from 81 to .86. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment correlation Coefficient at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that parental guidance and peer association individually    significantly   relate to the   preventive measure   against   sexually transmitted diseases   among secondary   school students in Ekwusigo Iocal government area of    Anambra State, Nigeria.  it was concluded   that   preventive measures against   sexually transmitted diseases   among secondary   school students    depend on effective parental guidance   and positive   peer association.   Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it was recommended amongst others that Schools and communities should encourage parents to engage in open discussions about sexual health with their children. This would help   to minimize the rate of sexually transmitted diseases   among secondary   school students
Assessment Of Nigerian Teacher Educators On Professional Development Needs For Effective Integration Of Large Language Models In Teaching And Learning
Authors: Julius Michael Egbai , Ogbu Eke Eke
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the of Nigerian teacher educators’ perception of professional development needs for effective integration of large language models (LLMs') in teaching practice. Four specific research questions guided the study, and one hypothesis was tested. The population comprised teacher educators from Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike (MOUAU), and Alvan Ikoku Federal University of Education (AIFUE). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which was validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach's alpha, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.89. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used to analyze the data. The major findings indicate a generally positive perception of LLMs' benefits among Nigerian teacher educators, though significant gaps in knowledge and skills were identified, necessitating comprehensive professional development. One key recommendation is to implement continuous, context-specific professional development programmes that include hands-on workshops and collaborative learning opportunities.
Assessment, Nigerian teacher educators, perception, professional development needs, effective I ntegration, large language models, teaching practice
Effect Of Virtual Field Trip Instructional Strategy On Student Academic Achievement And Interest In Chemistry In Ikono Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: A N Hope , M I Anari , C C Agube , W Udonkang , W Udonkang
Published: October 2024

The study examined the effect of virtual field trip instructional strategy on student academic achievement and interest in chemistry in Ikono LGA. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with a sample size of 86 senior secondary II students drawn from the population using multi-staged sampling technique, three research questions and hypothesis guided the study. The research instrument were chemistry achievement test (CAT) and an interest questionnaire with a reliability of 0.86 and 0.73 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analysed the data collected. The result indicated a significant difference in the academic achievement of student taught chemistry in favour of those in the experimental group with mean difference of 77.30 for students in the VFT group against 59.67 for those in the control. The result also indicated no significant difference in respect to gender and interest. It is recommended that chemistry and science teacher implore the use of virtual field trip in enhancing academic achievement and interest in chemistry
Effect of nutrition education on serological variables of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited Clinic Warri, Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Tasie Chinedu T , Afam-Anene Olivia C , Nnoka Kingsley O , Johnson Emeka
Published: October 2024

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus around the world appears as dramatic as to have been characterized as an epidemic. Diabetes mellitus causes prolonged ill-health, imposes morbidity and mortality risks, and necessitates a change in lifestyle, with a meticulous daily routine and long-term self-care.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of nutrition education on serological variables of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methodology: Two Hundred and Thirty (230) out of 258 subjects who participated in the longitudinal study were confirmed Type 2 diabetics. One hundred and Fifty (150) subjects were grouped into education group and Eighty (80) subjects into control group. Information on socio-demographic, life-style characteristics, and management regimens of the diabetes were collected using structured, validated and pretested questionnaire. Subject’s serological variables such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), 2-hours post prandial and fasting lipid profile were collected.  Nutrition education was instituted and was performed in a group of 15 patients per session in 2 hours.
Results: Most of the subjects (70.0%) in the education group at baseline had elevated HbA1c with a mean baseline HbA1c level of 8.08+1.88%. While most of the subjects (65.00%) in the control group at baseline had normal HbA1c with a mean baseline glycated hemoglobin level of 7.01+1.86%. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the mean and percentage number of HbA1c of the subjects in education and control group. Only 6.7% of the subjects had low Fasting Blood Glucose (<4.2mmol/l), 58.0% had high Fasting Blood Glucose (>7.0mmol/l) and 35.3% had normal Fasting Blood Glucose (4.2-5.9mmol/l).  After three months follow up, the number of subjects who had normal FBG increased from 35.3% to 54.7%, the low FBG levels increased from 6.5% to 10.0% but high Fasting Blood Glucose levels reduced from 58.0% to 35.3%.
Conclusion: There was significant reduction in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) of the subjects after nutrition education and follow up, indicating that nutrition education and follow up has positive impact the serological variables of the subjects who are diabetics.
Dietary pattern and prevalence of malnutrition among lactating mothers and their under-five children attending primary health centres in Owo, Ondo State
Authors: Akinrinmade Remi , Olanrewaju Omoniyi I. , Alebiosu Ibidayo A. , Olanrewaju Eunice I.
Published: October 2024

Background: The lactation period is crucial in developing countries due to its positive impact on infant health and nutrition.
Objective: This study assessed the dietary patterns and malnutrition among lactating mothers and their under-five children attending primary health centres in Owo, Ondo State.
Method: A simple random sampling method was used to select 250 healthy lactating mothers with infants aged 0-59 months. Information on socio-demographic variables, health-seeking behaviours, food consumption patterns, and nutritional status was obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 25. The chi-square test determined associations between variables, with significance considered at p<0.05.
Result: The study revealed that 68.4% of the mothers were aged 20-29, 94.4% were married, and 48.0% had household sizes of 1-3. About 97.6% of the mothers had babies of normal birth weight, while 54.0% received health services at the health centres. Approximately 89% of the mothers did not consume alcohol, and 55.2% ate cereal or cereal products daily. The Food Consumption Score (FCS) showed that 53.6% had an acceptable score, while 8.4% had a poor score. For the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), 73.6% had a highly diverse diet, while 19.6% had low dietary diversity. The prevalence of obesity among the mothers was 31.2% based on BMI, 38.8% based on waist circumference, and 68.0% based on waist-hip ratio. Among the children, 17.4% of males and 11.1% of females were underweight, while 72.0% had a normal weight for their age. Only 14% were overweight, and stunting was observed in 16% of the children, more prevalent among males. Wasting was seen in 10.0% of the under-five children.
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of a double burden of malnutrition among the mothers and their children.
Nutrient composition of shade-dried Aldenia cissampeloides (monkey rope) leafy vegetable
Authors: Agbo Eucharia Chinyere , Nnam Ngozi M , Onyechi Uchenna Agatha , Arene E. C. , Onodugo Nkechinyerem Gift , Ugo Chinemerem Henry , Egbulonu Anita C.
Published: October 2024

Background: Our locally available vegetables are underutilized due to lack or insufficient information about their health benefit. Consequently, some are going into extinction due to low consumption. Adenia cissampeloides, a locally available vegetable used in the preparation of vegetable soup and or some therapeutic purposes is becoming unpopular due to insufficient nutritional and other information on it.
Objective: The study investigated the nutrient composition of shade-dried Aldenia cissampeloides leafy vegetables.
Methods: Fresh leaves of Adenia cissampeloides were harvested from Opi in Nsukka local Government Area of Enugu State in South Eastern Nigeria. The leaves were sorted, washed with water, and allowed to drain in a colander for about 20 minutes. The leaves were shade-dried for 7 days at room temperature and pulverized using Qlink electric blender model QBL/20L40. The proximate, mineral, and vitamins of the pulverized dried sample were analyzed using standard methods.
Results: The proximate analysis showed an appreciable amount of carbohydrate (42.86%), crude fiber (16.79%), and protein (16.44%). Magnesium (2046.69mg), potassium (1031.33mg) and calcium (555.33mg) was the most abundant mineral while pro-vitamin A had the highest value (298.56 RE) among the analyzed vitamins. This was indicative that the vegetable is a good source of nutrients.
Conclusion: Due to its nutrient-dense quality, it is recommended to be cultivated at home gardens for easy accessibility in meeting the family’s nutrient needs.
Assessing the Impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Economic Growth in Nigeria: A VECM Approach
Authors: Ogwuche David D. , Adejor Gabriel A. , Dabish Naankar D. , Garba Roseline I. , Dole Faith
Published: October 2024

The yearly budgetary allocation on subsidy in Nigeria has remained a concern for policymakers and other agents of the economy as to whether it has achieved the targeted goal of economic growth in Nigeria. Thus, this study examined the impact fuel subsidy payments had on economic growth in Nigeria from 2005 to 2023. Secondary data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bullentin, the World Bank World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI) working paper. The data were converted into quarterly data for ease of analysis and estimation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate was used as the dependent variable while Fuel Subsidy Expenditure (FSE), Exchange Rate (EXC) and Inflation Rate (INF) were the independent variables. The long run relationship among the variables was confirmed using the Johansen Co-integration technique while the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) technique of analysis was adopted for estimation of the data. The study found that a negative significant relationship exists between fuel subsidy expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria within the period under study. The study therefore recommends a re-direction of government expenditure on subsidy to other critical area of the economy that can propel the growth of the economy.
Does Privatization improve Corporate Governance and Profitability? Evidence from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria
Authors: Masu-Gombe Bappayo
Published: October 2024

The paper study how Privatization improves Corporate Governance and Profitability of Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Data was collected from secondary sources, and the statistical tools employed in the Methodology were descriptive statistics and OLS regressions. The study aimed at bridging literature gap on studies that relate corporate governance and privatization policy in Nigeria. The results suggest that, The result suggest that, the company has lower market capitalization, private sector and foreign investors have concentrated ownership, bigger board size, lower percentage of executive directors and higher percentage of non-executive directors, Board chairmen were not the chief executives and chairmen audit committees were non-executive directors, lower workforce, higher percentage of management staff small percentage of non-management staff, lower profitability, products demand depended on government capital projects, The Company purchased 5MW power plant in 1991, macro-economic challenges such as devaluation of naira, energy sector crisis, foreign exchange rate, inflation, trade liberalization, inconsistent stabilization policies, political instability and banks’ strikes and weak private sector. Inferential result reveals that, has state ownership, percentage of management staff, percentage of non-management staff and privatization have positive and significant relationship with profitability. However, minority ownership has a negative and significant relationship with profitability. Based on these findings, the researcher arrived at the conclusion that, Corporate governance has significant impacts on profitability of Cement Company of Northern Nigerian. Even though, unfavourable macroeconomic environment militated against its efficiency. The study recommends that, government needs to introduce macroeconomic stabilization measures that will improve effective demand of cement products particularly with the problem of withdrawal of fuel subsidy in the economy. The   company should, as a matter of necessity, design strategies that will; create international market opportunities,  enhance security measures, cheap inputs, efficient financial and inventories management that will improve profitability post privatization.
Evaluating the project management maturity in the construction industry of developing countries, Ghana in perspective
Authors: David Ackah , Richard Amponsah
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates construction contractors' project management maturity levels, examining various factors such as ISO certification, capacity building programs, contractor type (road vs. building), and specific knowledge areas. Data was gathered through surveys and assessments to evaluate the maturity of different processes and practices. The findings reveal various maturity levels across the industry, with significant variations among contractors. Common challenges include gaps in risk management, safety protocols, and overall project management practices. Factors such as ISO certification and capacity-building programs positively impacted maturity levels. However, targeted training and education are crucial for addressing specific knowledge gaps. The analysis identifies critical recommendations for improving project management maturity in the construction industry, including fostering a culture of continuous improvement, promoting knowledge sharing, implementing tailored training programs, and developing industry-specific standards. By addressing these challenges and implementing appropriate strategies, the construction industry can enhance project outcomes, reduce costs, and improve competitiveness.