bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El posthumanismo no es un humanismo
Authors: Pérez Luño Antonio Enrique
Published: January 2021

Este ensayo se propone mostrar la oposición existente entre el paradigma de la tradición cultural humanista y las principales tesis y postulados que actualmente defiende el posthumanismo. Para ello, se analizan las respectivas respuestas que el humanismo y el posthumanismo ofrecen a las tres grandes preguntas que han compendiado, a lo largo de su historia, el significado de la filosofía: ¿Cómo se conoce la realidad? ¿Qué son y cómo se explican el mundo y la vida? ¿Cuál es la mejor forma de vivir? A esas preguntas han respondido respectivamente, la gnoseología o teoría del conocimiento, la ontología y la deontología o la ética. Se estudian, asimismo, determinados motivos de la ambigüedad del proyecto de deshumanización posthumanista. El trabajo concluye con la exposición de los argumentos que avalan la persistencia de los valores, principios y derechos del humanismo, actualizados en función de las exigencias de nuestro tiempo.
Amnistías y Derecho internacional en perspectiva histórica: Bartolomé de las Casas vs. Hugo Grocio
Authors: Sánchez Víctor M.
Published: January 2021

Toda amnistía genera un conflicto de valores de difícil solución. ¿Cuál es el “bien” a priorizar en las circunstancias que facilitan la propuesta de amnis­tías? ¿Castigar penalmente los ilícitos más graves u ofrecer puentes de plata que faciliten la paz a costa de la obligación de castigo? En el pensamiento occi­dental hubo un momento crítico en la racionalización de la ‘validez’ filosófico-jurídica de esta figura. Las Casas formuló la primera teorización sobre la vali­dez limitada de las amnistías a partir de su teoría del ‘pacto social’. Un siglo después Grocio respondió con la teoría del ‘dominio eminente’ del soberano que propugnaba la validez de cualquier amnistía fijada en tratados por razón de su utilidad pública. La postura grociana se impuso hasta finales del s. XX.
Webinar Internacional “Struggles for recognition: cultural pluralism and rights of minorities”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 16 julio- 4 agosto 2020.
Authors: Pérez de la Fuente Oscar
Published: January 2021

Webinar Internacional “Struggles for recognition: cultural pluralism and rights of minorities” Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 16 julio- 4 agosto 2020.
Lares e COVID-19, Uma Fatalidade Evitável: Resultados de Uma Abordagem Multidisciplinar
Authors: Sá Maria Miguel , Pires Ana Luísa , Cabral Diana , Leite Tiago , Mendonça Carina , Neves-Reina Luísa
Published: January 2021

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Arte
Authors: Nascimento Elisa Mara do
Published: January 2021

Freud toma como ponto de partida o retorno do recalcado à consciência, que se dá na forma de sintomas, atos falhos, chistes e sonhos, para tentar traçar um caminho de elaborações teóricas em direção ao inconsciente. Inversamente, esse material presente no inconsciente e estruturado como uma linguagem, para que possa irromper na consciência, precisou também traçar seu próprio caminho, somente possível através de uma deformação. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir uma possível relação entre arte e psicanálise, particularmente entre poesia e psicanálise, considerando-se o mistério envolvido nos caminhos encontrados pela pulsão para que possa atingir sua meta de satisfação. Assim, atentando-se, de um lado, para o sintoma como uma satisfação possível através do destino do recalque, e, de outro, para a arte como um saber-fazer com o Real e uma satisfação possível através do destino da sublimação, pretende-se tentar realizar uma leitura do poema Uma faca só lâmina (ou Serventia das ideias fixas) de João Cabral de Melo Neto que não seja uma mera exemplificação ou aplicação daquilo que é posto pela teoria de Freud e Lacan. Considerando-se que toda interpretação atinge inevitavelmente um ponto de impasse tanto no âmbito da literatura quanto da clínica psicanalítica, toma-se aqui a dimensão da letra como aquilo que nos aponta para um impossível de dizer e que, no entanto, pode ser escrito.
Professores, mídia e estado
Authors: Correia Karen Cristiny de Andrade , Carmo Cláudio Márcio do
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar algumas representações construídas sobre as manifestações ocorridas no Paraná em abril de 2015 e seus participantes, quais sejam, professores e policiais. O foco recai nas representações acerca do professor, na tentativa de entender se elas são indicativas da desvalorização que acomete essa categoria profissional. Serão analisadas as escolhas lexicais em notícias de três portais de notícias online: Estadão; G1 e Uol. Dessa forma, buscamos identificar quais são as ideologias que perpassam os discursos desses órgãos de comunicação, partindo do princípio de que a mídia pode influenciar as opiniões e construções da realidade da população como um todo. Para tanto, utilizamos como abordagem teórico-metodológica a Análise Crítica do Discurso de Norman Fairclough. A análise demonstrou que, nos três portais de notícias, é reforçada a naturalização da violência policial, bem como a visão negativa atribuída a manifestações e greves mobilizadas por docentes. Nesse sentido, o trabalho evidencia contradições em torno da figura do professor, enaltecido em campanhas publicitárias e, ao mesmo tempo, desvalorizado em tantos aspectos.
Uso de PCM para edificações em região de clima quente
Authors: Oliveira Roberta Bastos de , Gonzales Tomaz Silva , Carvalho Michele Tereza Marques
Published: January 2021

O consumo mundial de energia continua a crescer e tem se mostrado crítico quanto ao uso de sistemas de refrigeração em países de clima quente. O desempenho térmico da envoltória do edifício exerce considerável influência nas condições ambientais internas e no conforto do usuário. Esse artigo tem como objetivo identificar, selecionar, avaliar e sintetizar informações sobre o uso de PCMs (materiais de mudança de fase) em edificações em países de clima quente como estratégia para um bom desempenho térmico, por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL). Enfatiza-se os tipos de materiais, seus critérios de seleção e formas de incorporação e aplicação, assim como, identifica-se lacunas e tendências de pesquisa. A escolha do tema deve-se à observância de uma tendência de pesquisas internacionais voltadas para o uso de PCM em edificações por meio de uma análise prévia de artigos. Os artigos mapeados pela RSL demonstraram o grande potencial que os PCMs têm na redução do consumo energético das edificações em países de clima quente. A partir das discussões é possível reforçar a ideia de que os parâmetros climáticos e as propriedades termofísicas do PCM são essenciais nas escolhas de projeto, entretanto ênfase igual deve ser dada a estratégias passivas que podem atuar em conjunto, além da disponibilidade do material e dos recursos financeiros, bem como os objetivos de interesse. Reforça-se o princípio de que cada projeto é único, mas que os resultados podem servir como referência inicial para outras análises.
Avaliação da transferência de fissuras em sistemas de impermeabilização aderidos
Authors: Santos Julie Anne Braun dos , Santos Felipe Pereira , Monte Renata
Published: January 2021

Sistemas de impermeabilização aderidos em estruturas de concreto formam barreiras protetoras contra a entrada de fluídos e agentes agressivos. No entanto, se fissuras surgirem no substrato e passarem para a camada impermeável aderida, a estanqueidade do sistema pode ser comprometida. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação experimental do comportamento de duas membranas impermeabilizantes, de base acrílica, quando aderidas em substrato de concreto sujeito a fissuração. É proposto um método de ensaio mecânico de tração indireta associado a análise por correlação de imagem (DIC) para avaliação da transferência de fissuras de substratos de concreto para membranas impermeabilizantes aderidas. Os resultados mostraram que esta metodologia permite diferenciar o comportamento das membranas com relação a transferência de fissuras. Além disto, foi possível mensurar quantitativamente, com a técnica DIC, a magnitude da fissura no concreto que resultou em fissuração nas membranas. A membrana de acrilatos puros resultou menor capacidade de absorver os esforços provenientes do substrato do que a membrana de copolímeros acrílicos sem cimento. Esse comportamento pode ser relacionado com a diferença no alongamento dos materiais. A aderência das membranas ao substrato foi elevada e muito superior aos requisitos normativos, e pode ter resultado na dificuldade das membranas de absorver os esforços do substrato, fissurando com maior facilidade.
Estrutura de governança em alianças estratégicas de P&D geradoras de inovações da Embrapa
Authors: Preusler Taísa Scariot , Costa Priscila Rezende da , Crespi Tatiane Baseggio
Published: January 2021

Com o crescimento populacional e o aumento da expectativa de vida, as inovações são o principal meio de otimizar a produção agropecuária. Doravante, a formação de alianças pode ser uma alternativa para potencializar a base de recursos pró-inovação das organizações envolvidas nesses desafios. Sendo assim, neste estudo, objetivou-se compreender como as alianças estratégicas de P&D são estruturadas para promover inovações agropecuárias. Três alianças, envolvendo a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) e parceiros, constituíram a unidade de análise da pesquisa. Sobre a estruturação e a formalização das alianças analisadas, foi possível concluir que elas são dimensionadas, inicialmente, conforme a natureza dos atores envolvidos, embora tenha se constatado que seus níveis são alterados também pelo escopo, prazo e natureza das atividades praticadas.
PROBLEMS OF SHARING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS OF THE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY CATALOG
Authors: Stukalova A. A.
Published: January 2021

The issues of reducing time and labor costs for document processing, expanding and improving the quality of bibliographic records (BR), library products and services continue to be actual in Russian libraries. To accomplish these tasks, various projects of corporate library interaction are being implemented, aimed at solving the issues of acquisition, cataloguing, creation of central and distributed catalogs and user services. Library cooperation in cataloguing allows providing libraries with the possibility of mutual records use with their subsequent improvement and promotes unification of BR elements. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems that hinder the effectiveness of creating and using electronic catalogue BR in SPSTL SB RAS. It also shows the difficulties faced by the library cataloguers when borrowing records from the Russian Book Chamber database (RBC DB). It is noted that by borrowing records from the RBC DB, SPSTL SB RAS provides an opportunity to use its EC to the libraries of the research institutions of SB RAS (SRI of SB RAS). The article also demonstrates the experience of the Unified Automation Center (UAC) of SPSTL SB RAS, which contains information resources of libraries of the research institutions of SB RAS. Electronic catalogs and databases of these libraries are presented on the website of SPSTL SB RAS in the «Electronic catalogs and databases of the Library System of the research institutions of SB RAS». The conclusions are made that when borrowing records from the library electronic catalogs, the question of their quality and uniformity is left open, using the technology of corporate cataloguing brings significant advantages to the work of libraries. On the one hand, it allows to save labor and time resources by ready-made records of the RBC DB, on the other hand – to provide an opportunity to use BR by other libraries, while advertising their own information resources.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATION SEARCH AND PROVISION OF INTERLIBRARY SERVICES
Authors: Krasilnikova I. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The search for the requested document is one of the most important processes in the provision of interlibrary services. At the same time, it becomes quite difficult to conduct search procedures in a variety of information retrieval systems (IRS) that operate according to certain rules. This problem requires constant study as new technical search solutions are emerging that need to be mastered by experienced users and novices in the expanding digital workspace. The purpose of the article is to show the existing possibilities for improving the quality of information retrieval in the IRS to meet user orders. The objectives of the research are to uncover the main causes of users’ dissatisfaction with information search in interactive systems and to identify ways to improve them. A brief overview of the history of development and transformations in the use of the reference and retrieval apparatus in interlibrary services is given. Positive changes were noted in the search for documents related to the use of information and communication technologies, as well as the contribution of employees of the information and library sphere to the creation and operation of electronic catalogs. The profound interrelationship of the processes of interlibrary services, the relevance of searching and the implementation of high technology is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the analysis of foreign scientific publications 2015–2019. They covered the use of IRS, search models, the dissatisfaction with search, the improvement of efficiency and modernization of systems, the prospects for their development. The article summarizes scientific and practical results of information search in relation to interlibrary services in domestic and foreign online systems of information and library institutions. The novelty of the article is that it focuses on the study of the effectiveness of IRS, which fundamentally affects users’ satisfaction with interlibrary services.
The Prognostic Value of Whole-Blood PSMB5, CXCR4, POMP and RPL5 mRNA Expression in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib
Authors: Robak Paweł , Jarych Dariusz , Mikulski Damian , Dróżdż Izabela , Węgłowska Edyta , Kotkowska Aleksandra , Misiewicz Małgorzata , Smolewski Piotr , Stawiski Konrad , Fendler Wojciech , Szemraj Janusz , Robak Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

Proteasome inhibitors, like bortezomib, play a key role in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM); however, most patients eventually relapse and eventually show multiple drug resistance, and the molecular mechanisms of this resistance remain unclear. The present study examines the expression of previously-described genes that may influence resistance to bortezomib treatment at the mRNA level (ABCB1, CXCR4, MAF, MARCKS, POMP, PSMB5, RPL5, TXN and XBP1). mRNA expression was determined in 73 MM patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens (30 bortzomib-sensitive and 43 bortezomib-refractory patients) and 11 healthy controls. RPL5 was significantly down-regulated in multiple myeloma patients as compared with healthy controls. Moreover, POMP was significantly up-regulated in MM patients refractory to bortezomib-based treatment. In multivariate analysis, high expression of PSMB5 and CXCR and autologous stem cell transplantation were independent predictors of progression-free survival, and high expression of POMP and RPL5 was associated with shorter overall survival.
Lignins Isolated via Catalyst-free Organosolv Pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bergs Michel , Monakhova Yulia , Diehl Bernd , Konow Christopher , Völkering Goerg , Pude Ralf , Schulze Margit
Published: January 2021

Abstract: As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: b-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: b-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70 % and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60 % and almost 65 %. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20 % or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30 %). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27 %. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.
Empirical Evaluation and Prediction of Protein Requirements for Maintenance and Growth of 18-24 Months old Thai Swamp Buffaloes
Authors: Paengkoum Siwaporn , Tatsapong Pattaraporn , Taethaisong Nittaya , Sorasak Thongpea , Purba Rayudika Aprilia Patindra , Paengkoum Pramote
Published: January 2021

Interpretation of increased gain in the bovine animals is difficult to be validated due to inherent genetic variation to meet their requirement for energy and protein, and those may relate to the bull species, e.g., Thai swamp buffalo. Therein, the study aimed at investigating and predicting protein requirement systems, with providing abundant energy intake 2.20 Mcal/kg DM for maintenance and growth of Thai swamp buffaloes using the comparative prolonged feeding trial for 90 days. Sixteen bull Thai swamp buffaloes at the initial (Age: 18-24 months; BW: 233 ± 25.0 kg) were as-signed into four treatment groups, four buffaloes each, fed 5.42, 6.96, 8.94, and 10.71% DM crude protein (CP). CP intake, BW, and physiological fluid were determined. The net CP requirements for maintenance and growth of Thai swamp buffaloes were 5.41 g CP/kg W0.75 and 0.46 g CP/g average daily gain (ADG), respectively. Our results indicated that CP requirement increases, when BW increases. An increased dietary CP resulted in an increased number at blood urine nitrogen (N), N absorption, total volatile fatty acid, urinary purine derivative, and the microbial N. Notably, the net CP requirement for growth of Thai swamp buffalo was higher than it reported in NRC, but the maintenance was lower.
Fluorescent Aptamers for Detection and Treatment of Pathogenic Bacteria and Cancer
Authors: Sharma Aarushi , Ramena Grace
Published: January 2021

Issues presented by the application of monoclonal antibodies in diagnostic assays and as curative agents can make the use of such molecules cost-prohibitive and sometimes even unsafe. This has warranted the development of short single-stranded oligonucleotides known as Aptamers. The structural malleability of these short DNA or RNA nucleotide segments allows them to exist in distinct conformations. SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) is a multi-step process for synthesis of aptamers. Each step of this procedure is governed by a diverse set of factors that influence production efficiency, binding affinity, and specificity of the oligonucleotides. Headway in aptamer research has been made in recent years by the introduction of newer iterations of the SELEX process. A greater number of studies are now being carried out to incorporate aptamers into existing disease detection tools and therapies. An overview has been given first on the key aptamer properties and the process of their production (with its newer iterations), contrasting each of them with that of monoclonal antibodies. Possible manifold applications afforded due to unique aptamer characteristics are also discussed. A keen review is further provided on the design, development and use of fluorescent aptamers in bioimaging, sequencing or profiling, and treatment of pathogenic bacteria and tumor cells.
Quantification of Microplastics in North-Western Mediterranean Harbors: Seasonality and Biofilm-related Metallic Contaminants
Authors: Tesán Onrubia Javier A. , Djaoudi Kahina , Borgogno Franco , Canuto Susana , Angeletti Bernard , Besio Giovanni , Capello Marco , Cutroneo Laura , Stocchino Alessandro , Mounier Stéphane , Lenoble Véronique
Published: January 2021

The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most impacted basin in terms of microplastics pollution. Land-based activities are the major sources of plastic litter to the ocean, with harbors probably representing significant hotspots. In the framework of the SPlasH! project (Stop alle Plastiche in H2O, Interreg Marittimo project), microplastics were sampled in three north-western Mediterranean harbors during summer and winter. In this study, the areal concentrations of microplastics ranged from 5,576 to 379,965 items.km-2. A decreasing gradient was observed from the inner to the outer zones of the studied harbors, pointing out these enclosed systems as hotspots regarding microplastic pollution. During the summer, because of an enhancement of port activities, the areal concentrations of microplastics were higher than in winter. The investigation microplastics size classes distribution in the surface waters revealed that microplastic within a size range between 300 µm and 500 µm were depleted. During this study, we assessed trace metal partitioning (Pb, Fe, Cu, V, Cd and As) between the dissolved phase and biofilm, thus highlighting concentrations within the biofilm two and six orders higher than those in the dissolved phase. This result strongly suggest trace metal bioaccumulation within the biofilm. When trace metal concentrations are normalized over the corresponding surface of microplastics and microplastics, higher values were obtained for microplastics evidencing their enhanced capacities to bioaccumulate contaminants with respect to macroplastics.
Differences between Cerebral Organoids Derived from a non-PD and a Parkinson’s Patient: A Potential Vulnerability for Neuroinvasive Viruses
Authors: Schultz Emily , Jones Tyanthony , Xu Sibei , Dean Dana , Zechmann Bernd , Ronca Shannon , Barr Kelli L.
Published: January 2021

The development of 3D cerebral brain organoids which accurately resemble aspects of the human brain permits a more accurate characterization of physiological processes and neurological diseases. Cerebral organoids can be grown from stem cell lines with various genetic backgrounds allowing multiple neurodegenerative diseases to be modeled. While dysfunction in neurotransmission of patients with neurodegenerative diseases is expected, the impact of chronic neurodegeneration on the response to viral infection of the CNS is poorly understood. For instance, several mosquito-borne viruses like Dengue virus and West Nile Virus cause post-viral parkinsonism. How CNS infection might impact a host with inherent CNS dysfunction such as Parkinson’s Disease in poorly understood. This preliminary, observational study aimed to understand dysfunction in intrinsic and innate expression of a patient with a neurodegenerative disease and a non-affected individual in relation to potential viral infection in the CNS. Cerebral organoids were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells with a normal genetic background or with idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease. After differentiation and maturation, organoid size, gene expression and immunofluorescence were evaluated to assess neurotransmission and innate immunity. While there was no significant difference in size of the organoids with a normal or Parkinson’s genetic background, gene expression studies identified multiple differences in innate immunity and neurotransmission. Immunofluorescence also identified differences in protein expression related to neurotransmission and innate immunity. Of note, organoids derived from a Parkinson’s patient exhibited endogenous up-regulation of dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, GABA, glycine, and glutamate targets, and the majority of cytokines. This expression pattern suggests a chronic state of neuroexcitation and neuroinflammation in this population of organoids.
Polyphenols from Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis) Berry Inhibit Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes by Suppressing Lipogenesis
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Lv Ying , Zheng Mengyu , Yin Li , Wang Xiqing , Yu Bo , Li Ji
Published: January 2021

Polyphenols have been shown to possess outstanding anti-obesity properties. In this study, the effect of blue honeysuckle berry extract (BHBE) with high polyphenol content on lipid accumulation in adipocytes and the underlying mechanism were investigated for the first time. Composition analysis demonstrated that flavonoids (mainly flavonols and anthocyanins) were the primary polyphenols in BHBE, which contributed to its biological functions. The results of Oil Red O staining combined with triglyceride (TG) content determination showed that BHBE exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. BHBE also reduced the protein level of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and increased the phosphorylation level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), indicating that lipogenesis was suppressed by BHBE treatment. Moreover, BHBE was found to significantly promote the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and further reduce the expression of key transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c) that regulate lipogenesis. In addition, the expression of beige adipocyte markers (Tmem26 and Cd137) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was increased in BHBE-treated adipocytes. In summary, we consider that BHBE inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes by suppressing lipogenesis as well as by promoting beiging of adipocytes. These results support blue honeysuckle berry as a candidate functional food against obesity.
Reproductive Isolation from Incompatible Hybrid Mitotic Networks (HyMEN)
Authors: Hutter Pierre
Published: January 2021

At the end of mitosis the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) pathway triggers complex tasks which mainly include the spindle disassembly and the nuclear envelopes assembly. In the course of telophase, which often lasts less than an hour and corresponds to only about 2% of the entire cell cycle’s duration, spatial and temporal cues are integrated to ensure that cytokinesis occurs after the genome has partitioned between mother and daughter cells. From the end of anaphase through telophase, sequential components of a Ras-like GTPase signaling pathway are controlled by a set of different spatial and temporal signals. Successful propagation of these signals through multi-step transduction requires a remarkable sequential coordination. By considering that cells lacking proper MEN function fail to exit from mitosis, I argue that in a hybrid genome impaired coordination between two diverged MENs is prone to result in critical mitotic defects, from late anaphase through telophase. The so-called HyMEN model of hybrid incompatibility depicted here can be regarded as an extension of the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation, centered on the MEN.
The Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 Play Key Roles in Immune Suppression/Evasion, Drug Resistance, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metastasis in Several Human Cancers
Authors: Dzobo Kevin , Sinkala Musalula
Published: January 2021

One of the most used markers of cancer stem cells in several cancers, including colorectal cancer and breast cancer, is CD44. CD44 is a glycoprotein that traverses the cell membrane and binds to many ligands including hyaluronan resulting in activation of signaling cascades. Several reports have shown conflicting data on the expression of CD44 and that the expression depends on modes of investigations and subtypes of cancers. In addition, the correlation between CD44 expression and drug resistance, immune infiltration, EMT, metastasis and patients prognosis in several cancer types remains unclear. This study investigated CD44 expression in several cancers and explored its relationship with tumorigenesis using various publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, GEPIA, Oncomine, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Our analysis reveals that CD44 is differentially expressed in different cancers. CD44 expression is significantly associated with cancer patients’ survival in gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. In addition, CD44 expression is closely linked with immune infiltration and immune suppressive features in pancreatic, colon adenocarcinoma and stomach cancer. High CD44 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of drug resistance-, EMT- and metastasis- linked genes. Tumors expressing high CD44 have higher mutation burden and afflict older patients than tumors expressing low CD44. Cell lines expressing high CD44 are more resistant to anti-cancer drugs compared to those expressing low CD44. Protein-protein interaction investigations and functional enrichment analysis showed that CD44 interacts with gene products related to cell-substrate adhesion, migration, platelet activation, and cellular response to stress. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these genes play key roles in biological adhesion, cell component organization, locomotion, G-α-signaling and the response to stimulus. Overall, this investigation reveals that CD44 play significant roles in tumorigenesis, can be used as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers and can be therapeutically targeted in cancer therapy.
Sulforaphane Pre-treatment Protects From Alcohol-induced Phagocytic Dysfunction During Burkholderia thailandensis E264 Infection
Authors: Jimenez Jr Victor M , Ostrom Ethan L , Traustadόttir Tinna , Monroy Fernando P
Published: January 2021

Binge drinking is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of pneumonic melioidosis can occur in healthy humans; however, binge alcohol intoxication is a major risk factor. Previous findings indicate that a single binge alcohol episode increases Burkholderia spp. infection by reducing alveolar macrophage function. The aim of this study was to test the ability of the phytonutrient sulforaphane (SFN) to rescue the phagocytic function of alveolar macrophages when infected with Burkholderia spp. in vitro. B. thailandensis E264 was used as a useful BSL-1 model to determine the effects of SFN pre-treatment. The primary outcome was macrophage phagocytic killing, while the secondary outcome was the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (Nrf2) signaling response measured by western blot analysis. Results indicate that alveolar macrophages pre-treated with SFN (5 M) and challenged with 0.2% (v/v) alcohol for 3 or 8 h prior to live B. thailandensis infection improved intracellular killing of B. thailandensis ~2-fold compared to MH-S cells treated with alcohol alone. These data demonstrate that SFN may be an effective pre-treatment option to prevent alcohol mediated immune dysfunction and restore macrophage phagocytic killing of Burkholderia spp. and other similar opportunistic pathogens.
Process Integrated Production of WC-Co Tools with Local Cobalt Gradient Fabricated by Binder Jetting
Authors: Lehmann Maja , Zaeh Michael
Published: January 2021

Producing complex shaped tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) tools by classical technologies is difficult and often impossible due to their high hardness and brittle fracture behavior. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a suitable technology for creating complex structures and simultaneously shortening expensive machining processes. Binder Jetting (BJ) is an innovative AM technology that offers several advantages over laser-based processes, for example low manufacturing costs and high build-up rates. Binders with nanoparticle additives have already proven to be effective in in- creasing the packing density of the powder bed and improving the sintering properties. Addition- ally, they offer the possibility of selectively changing the material composition in the part. This paper presents a concept for the use of nanoparticles to generate gradients in the green compact, which leads to a cobalt gradient in the part after sintering. The possibility of introducing particles locally into complex structures allows local modification of the material properties.
Integrated Machian Model of a Light Speed Rotating Universe
Authors: U.V Satya Seshavatharam , S Lakshminarayana
Published: January 2021

Unification point of view, quantum cosmology must be given a priority and one should make a note that, Spin is a basic property of quantum physics and rotation is a very common experience. In this context, we have developed a quantum model of cosmology associated with Machian universe having Planck scale origin, total dark matter, light speed rotation and equality of gravitational self energy density and thermal energy density. We would like to appeal that, observed cosmic radius and age seem to be shortened by 146.3 times their actual magnitudes.
The Dissipative Photochemical Origin of Life: UVC Abiogenesis of Adenine
Authors: Michaelian Karo
Published: January 2021

I describe the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the photochemical mechanisms which may have been involved in the dissipative synthesis, proliferation, and evolution of the fundamental molecules at the origin of life from simpler and more common precursor molecules such as HCN, H2O and CO2 under the impressed UVC photon flux of the Archean. The fundamental molecules absorb strongly in this UVC region and exhibit strong coupling between their electronic excited and ground states which endows them with efficient photon disipative capacity (broad wavelength absorption and rapid radiationless dexcitation) suggestive of dissipative structuring. The autocatalytic nature of the synthesized molecules in dissipating the same photochemical potential that directed their synthesis leads to their proliferation. The non-linearity in the photochemical and chemical reaction rates provides numerous stationary states which can be reached by amplification of a molecular concentration fluctuation near a bifurcation, promoting the system into states of generally higher photon disspative efficacy. An example is given of the UV photochemical dissipative structuring, proliferation, and evolution of molecules on route to the nucleobase adenine from the common precursor molecules HCN and H2O occurring within a fatty acid vesicle. The kinetic equations are resolved under different environmental conditions, providing a non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis of the appearance of an early important molecule for the origin of life.
Conflict between Science and Superstition in Medical and Dental Practices
Authors: Razzaque Mohammed S. , Uwayezu Donat , Ntigura Eustache , Gatarayiha Agnes , Erem Sarah , Majumder Anwarul , Haque Mainul
Published: January 2021

Superstition is a belief that is not based on scientific knowledge. Traditional healers usually use superstition in their practices to manage human health problems and diseases; such practices create a conflict with the medical profession and its evidence-based practices. Medical professionals confirm that this kind of practice is not safe to human health as it is done by untrained people (e.g., tradition healers) utilizing unsterilized instruments within unhygienic environments. Most of the cases eventually develop a variety of complications, which are sometimes fatal. Female genital mutilation, uvulectomy, oral mutilation (tooth bud extraction to cure “Ibyinyo”), and eyebrow incisions are examples of the many different types of superstitious practices which occur commonly in different parts of the world. We described how these traditional practices of superstition have been and continue to be performed in various parts of the world, their complications on oral and general health, and the ways such practices hinder modern medical practices. This paper aims to increase the awareness of these superstition-driven traditional and potentially harmful practices by promoting the importance of evidence-based medical practices.
The VIT Transform Approach to Discrete-Time Signals and Linear Time-Varying Systems
Authors: Kamen Edward
Published: January 2021

A transform approach based on a variable initial time (VIT) formulation is developed for discrete-time signals and linear time-varying discrete-time systems or digital filters. The VIT transform is a formal power series in z^(-1) which converts functions given by linear time-varying difference equations into left polynomial fractions with variable coefficients, and with initial conditions incorporated into the framework. It is shown that the transform satisfies a number of properties that are analogous to those of the ordinary z-transform, and that it is possible to do scaling of z^(- i) by time functions which results in left-fraction forms for the transform of a large class of functions including sinusoids with general time-varying amplitudes and frequencies. Using the extended right Euclidean algorithm in a skew polynomial ring with time-varying coefficients, it is shown that a sum of left polynomial fractions can be written as a single fraction, which results in linear time-varying recursions for the inverse transform of the combined fraction. The extraction of a first-order term from a given polynomial fraction is carried out in terms of the evaluation of z^(i) at time functions. In the application to linear time-varying systems, it is proved that the VIT transform of the system output is equal to the product of the VIT transform of the input and the VIT transform of the unit-pulse response function. For systems given by a time-varying moving average or an autoregressive model, the transform framework is used to determine the steady-state output response resulting from various signal inputs such as the step and cosine functions.
Sustainable Land Planning in Case of Decentralized Land Authorities
Authors: Dai Xieer
Published: January 2021

The main focus of this paper is to analyze the effect of local public finance on spatial land use through economic models and empirical evidence from Israel. The theoretic models extends the Alonso-Mill-Muth model by incorporating local public finance. The first finding is that steady population growth provides a channel for land capitalization through the mechanism of long term land property right. This implies a possible conflict of interest if ownership of land leasing revenue and the ad valorem property tax are not consistent. The empirical section examines one of the implications derived from the models highlighting a possible inconsistency between central and local governments due to land ownership centralization. This causes local tax revenue inequality among Israeli municipalities. Statistical evidence shows that cities with a larger share business land use can generate more tax without assistance from the central government, and are therefore more fiscal independent. Fiscal status has a significant effect on the planning time of residential construction. Municipalities with higher local tax revenues have shorter planning time(higher probability of acceptance) conditional on the plan’s size and other features.
Criminal Policy Formulation on Regulation of Death Penalties for Criminal Actors
Authors: Suartha I Dewa Made
Published: January 2021

This article is encouraging this problem solving with finding and analyzing the formulation of the criminal offense criteria to punishable by death in Indonesian criminal law and reformulation of setting the criminal offender measurement that sentenced to death from the perspective of ius constituendum. The article based on normative legal research by examining primary and secondary legal materials by collecting legal-materials using a card system. The analytical approach uses legislation, concepts, and comparisons. The research analysis was present in the form of descriptive analysis with evaluative, systematic, formulating, and argumentative techniques in this article. The results of this research that conducted are the Indonesian criminal law does not regulate the criminal act criteria that punishable by death so that the execution of the death penalty results in injustice to both the perpetrator, the victim, and the community. The reformulation of Indonesian criminal law shall focus on the objectives and guidelines for the punishment of perpetrators of criminal offenses punishable by death refers to the Draft Criminal Code and the involvement of the victim and the community in their interests if in the execution of capital punishment there is a change to imprisonment or life imprisonment
The Philosophical Foundation of the Coherence of Regulations Concerning Apartment in Indonesia
Authors: Yuniyanti Salma Suroyya
Published: January 2021

A state holds constitutional responsibility of embodying physical, psychological welfare, and social justice for all of its citizens. Developing apartments is one of the Indonesian government's policy to ensure the embodiment of these responsibilities. Regulation on apartment that adheres to horizontal separation principle (Horizontale scheiding beginnsel) still often leads to a range of legal issues. Accordingly, it is necessary to find out and comprehend the philosophical foundation of the coherence of regulations concerning apartment. The present study applied normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches. In practice, horizontal separation principle is not well-implemented and is not in line with the Basic Agrarian Law (BAL). Right of Ownership of an apartment unit (HMSRS) is a personal right and is separated from common right upon shared objects, parts, and land. This phenomenon can lead to legal issues, particularly when the secondary rights (i.e., right to use building or right to use upon the state land and right to use building or right to use upon the right to manage) are no longer extended. The implementation of horizontal separation has not provided a legal certainty for the community regarding apartment unit ownership. Accordingly, in order to provide legal certainties, the government should enact Government Regulation as further stipulation of Law no. 20 of 2011.
Juridical Analysis of Environmental Law Enforcement in Forestry Crimes Regulation in the Regional Autonomy
Authors: Iswantoro Iswantoro
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the UUPLH as the basis of Indonesia's environmental policy to prevent and overcome environmental pollution and destruction. A good and healthy environment is created; ecological law enforcement uses state administrative law instruments, civil law, and criminal law. At the law enforcement level, there are many obstacles. Due to the unclear formulation of offenses and various sanctions, the proof is quite difficult, except in being caught red-handed. Strictly speaking, preventive and repressive law enforcement measures against forest and land fires cases and their ecosystem impacts are still not adequate. This fact can be seen from the lack of resolution of forest and land burning issues that have been submitted to the court, and even almost none of the perpetrators of forest and land logging were charged with the legal sanctions above. As for the culture of law culture, the cases of forest and land fires are certainly large-scale corporations, which can even control political power. The state, in this case, state administrators, should consistently target corporate crime and focus on law enforcement efforts using available instruments.
Implementation of Criminal Case Trials Through a Teleconference by Prosecutors with a Progressive Legal Approach
Authors: Wijaksana Muhamad Mahrus Setia
Published: January 2021

The development of technology in the era of the 4.0 industrial Revolution, characterized by digitalization until covering the realm of criminal law, was affected by the activity of law enforcement. Moreover, this time crowded about criminal trials through teleconference in the middle increasingly the mass of pandemic spread covid-19 which of course also affects the duties and authority of the prosecutor. The study focuses on analyzing the implementation of the trial in a teleconference by prosecutors with a progressive legal approach, highlighting the law as "not only rules and logic but also behavior." This research uses the socio-legal approach. The results showed that the legal arrangements related to criminal proceedings through the teleconference were still scattered in various regulations and the double implications of prosecutors. As for the implementation of the trial teleconference by prosecutors from the legal side of progressive measured from two things, first behavior seen in the trial that met many challenges, second is measured from an understanding of a progressive order/following the dynamics of community development. But the future also needs to be re-evaluated every weakness of existing current and formulated standard operational procedures and detailed legal provisions of the proceedings through the teleconference selectively.
Institutionalization of the Approval Principle of Majority Creditors for Bankruptcy Decisions in Bankruptcy Act Reform Efforts
Authors: Saputra Rian , Luthviati Resti Dian
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the urgency of institutionalizing the principle of bankruptcy decisions that must be approved by the majority creditors with a test stone in the form of a bankruptcy decision Number: 04/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2018/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst then also to analyze the opportunities for institutionalizing the principle. mentioned in Indonesian law. This research is a normative legal research with an approach in the form of a conceptual approach, and a statute approach and a case approach. The results show that the urgency of applying the principle of "Approval of Bankruptcy Decisions Must be approved by Majority Creditors" in Indonesia is based on the Bankruptcy Decision Number: 04/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2018/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst, in addition to following the development of global bankruptcy law. , also in order to provide justice to fellow creditors so that no creditor feels aggrieved in any future bankruptcy decisions. The principle itself requires that each bankruptcy decision be approved by at least 50% of the majority of creditors according to the number of claims (receivables), not the majority according to the number of people. Even though, the application for a bankruptcy statement was made by the Debtor himself, the bankruptcy decision should not have been taken by the court without the approval of the creditors or the majority of creditors. Also, the opportunity to apply this principle in Indonesia is very possible considering that the principle is in accordance with the character of the nation which clearly makes consensus & deliberation as an alternative in every problem that exists within the Indonesian nation, it is not wrong if this is also applied in the concept of the Bankruptcy Law in the future (das sein).