bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollution and moisture infiltration effect assessment based on data-driven analysis for aircraft heritage protection
Authors: Oswald Cyril , Kuchař Michal , Fišer Jaromír , Khol Miroslav , Oswaldová Ivana , Simeunović Goran , Vyhlídal Tomáš , Robbiola Luc , Brunet Magali , Monticelli Cecilia , Balbo Andrea , Chiavari Cristina , Martini Carla , Bernardi Elena , Guilminot Elodie , Echinard Jane
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with monitoring and analyzing the indoor environmental parameters through remote data collection to evaluate the pollution and moisture infiltration effects on aircraft heritage conservation. First, based on the meteorological and pollution data, the moisture penetration and airborne pollution infiltration into indoor spaces of a heritage site (hangar) with stored historic aircrafts are determined. The hangar under investigation is located in the Aviation museum Kbely, Prague, Czech Republic. The determination is performed by wet/dry cycles (fluctuations) evaluation and applying ISO 11844 methodology to outdoor pollution infiltration into the interior. Next, a time of wetness (ToW) is determined indoors according to ISO 9223, rather as an environmental than a surface parameter as dewing and exceeding high humidity level (approxl RH 80% at T>0 °C) are considered. The actual moisture adsorption onto polluted surfaces of aircraft artifacts is then dependent on the hygroscopic corrosion products developed. Such an adsorption prolongs actual surface ToW. In addition to ToW, even the deposition rate of indoor pollutants, particularly sulphur dioxide and chlorides, are considered and the atmosphere corrosivity is estimated by applying the ISO standardized statistical models for aluminium. The resulting iso-corrosivity figures out the aggressiveness of the hangar environment from the point of view of aircraft material susceptibility to corrosion and degradation.
Evaluation of the cognitive performance under hot-humid environments using heart rate variability
Authors: Zhu Hui , Hu Mingle , Hu Songtao , Wang Haiying , Su Hua
Published: August 2022

The human cognitive performance under hot and humid exposure is a critical issue for people working under hot and humid environments, for the considerations of both their health and safety. In order to find an indicator of the cognitive performance, the electrocardiogram (ECG) data were recorded continuously for 2.5 hours with portable Holter, when participants were exposed to 4 hot-humid environmental conditions and conducting different cognitive tests. The ECG data then were analysed to obtain the HRV indices that were used to establish a relationship with the cognitive test results. Temporal index pNN50 of HRV time domain indices was selected as a biomarker of the cognitive performance in this study. Results showed that the pNN50 responded significantly to the air temperature, while the influences of the cognitive tasks and the exposure time were found to be less significant. Meanwhile, the mean accuracy of the cognitive tasks was found to be positively related to the changes of mean pNN50, but a negatively related relationship between the mean reaction time and the mean pNN50 was observed. Furthermore, a positive relationship between the relative cognitive performance and the pNN50 was obtained, which meant that higher pNN50 responded to the higher cognitive performance. The potential reason could be ascribed to the changes in temperature-related allocation of the mental resources. And the low cognitive performance could be attributed to the rise of the mental fatigue due to the high sympathetic activities that corresponded to the low pNN50. The results revealed that the pNN50 could act as a biomarker of the cognitive performance under hot-humid exposure. The findings gave some implications to the real-time evaluation of the working performance and health of the people working under hot-humid environments.
Individual thermal comfort models based on optimized BP neural network algorithms
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Yang Bin
Published: August 2022

Thermal comfort plays an important role in human life and it affects occupant satisfaction, health, and productivity. Individual differences are not considered in traditional control strategies based on temperature setpoints. The reality is that operators often expend more energy to maintain the indoor environment and the thermal satisfaction of occupancy is not as well as expected. Thus, individual thermal comfort models based on physiological parameters and environmental parameters were presented using the back-propagation (BP) neural network. Moreover, we used three training algorithms including Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M), Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate. We observed that using the L-M algorithm resulted in slightly better performance (R=0.96) than other algorithms. The precision results suggest that the BP network algorithm is an effective approach for real-time predicting thermal comfort. In the follow-up study, we would focus on feature engineering (feature selection) and introduce appropriate variables (e.g., heart rate) to improve the model’s accuracy.
Are radiators ready for the challenges of the future: A review of advancements in radiators
Authors: Puttige Anjan Rao , Feng Kailun , Lu Weizhuo , Olofsson Thomas
Published: August 2022

Radiators play an important role in providing a comfortable and safe indoor environment while maintaining high-energy efficiency. In the perspective of future climate change with expected larger temperature fluctuations and the rapidly changing heat supply and demand, it is required that the current radiator technology is adaptable. The heat supply is changing towards a lower supply temperature to enable an increase in energy efficiency and an increase in the share of renewable energy. Simultaneously, both the heat supply and demand are expected to have more variations in the future. An additional concern that has come into more focus after the experience with the COVID 19 pandemic is the prevention of the spread of infection in indoor environments. Researchers have extensively studied several innovations in radiator technologies and their deployment that addresses these challenges. Some of the solutions available in the literature include floor heating, ceiling heating, ventilation radiator, stratum ventilation. Researchers have used advanced modeling and experimental techniques to understand how to deploy different types of radiator technologies. This review summarizes solutions in the literature that address these challenges and identifies knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. In particular, this study explores the gaps in knowledge of practical issues, such as the position of furniture and the position of people, which have received less attention in the literature. Research that addresses the effect of radiators on ventilation and a healthy indoor environment is also of particular interest in this review.
The Characteristics of Thermal Environment and Comfort of Residential Buildings During Winter in hot Summer and Cold Winter Climate Zone of China
Authors: Wang Rong , Li Jun , Ma Jiali , Peng Wei
Published: August 2022

In order to study the characteristics of thermal environment and comfort of residential buildings during winter in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) climate zone of China, this study conducted a questionnaire survey and field test. It was found that 70.9% of residential buildings in HSCW climate zone had space heating equipment, among that the percentage of air conditioning, electric equipment (electric oil-filled radiator and fan heater) and other were 56.0%, 27.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Furthermore, 77.3% (48.7%) of residents only heat their bedrooms (living rooms), and 76.5% of residents heat their rooms only in cold weather, which shows the “part-space” and “part-time” space heating characteristics in HSCW climate zone. For rooms with space heating, the thermal environment is category I in general, but more than 30% of these residents hope a higher indoor temperature. For rooms without space heating, the indoor temperature is below the hygiene limit of 12°C, which belongs to category II, but thermal feeling for 55% of residents is cold and 90.9% of residents hope a warmer indoor environment. The results indicated that the existing evaluation criteria in HSCW climate zone are inconsistent with the thermal sensation and expectation, and an advanced evaluation criterion is needed.
Experimental of natural ventilation in a semi-transparent photovoltaic double skin façade in summer
Authors: Ni Yuhan , Shi Xiaopeng , Lei Xingyu , Wang Luhang , Xu Chunwen
Published: August 2022

Semi-transparent photovoltaic double skin façade (STPV-DSF) is a novel structure which integrates photoelectric, photothermal, ventilation and energy-saving features, which proves to be extremely attractive and promising. In this study, a full-scale experimental system was built, airflow and heat transfer in a rectangular cavity with different transmittance (τ) and different ventilation modes in summer that studies a STPV-DSF and includes natural ventilation were examined experimentally. The Rayleigh number and Nusselt number of STPV-DSF is significantly higher than that of traditional DSF. This also means stronger intense flow. And the maximum temperature difference at night between mode 1 and mode 2 can reach 7.3°C. When the external air circulation mode is switched to the external and internal mode, the indoor temperature drops by 2.88°C in ten minutes. Therefore, making fully use of natural ventilation can effectively reduce the cooling load of air conditioning in summer. The solar radiation intensity is proved to have the greatest influence on the cavity temperature, followed by the transmittance, and the the ventilation mode least influence. Applying naturally ventilated STPV-DSF would be a new efficient way for the curtain wall buildings to meet the task of sustainable building design.
An Analysis of Natural Ventilation and Ventilation load in relation to Occupants’ window opening Behaviour in residential Building
Authors: Yoo Jihyun , Kim Soonchan , Qi Liu , Choi Seungwoo , Bae Jaeyun , Park Junseok
Published: August 2022

For reducing the energy consumption in buildings, each country strengthened the standard of insulation without the standard of ventilation. However, because of it, sick building syndrome has occurred. Accordingly, the importance of ventilation in building has been increased to reduce the polluted indoor air and promote the better Indoor Air Quality. The previous study has only focused on the window opening behaviour and developed the machine learning algorithm of window opening. However, it is the ventilation rates that affects Indoor Air Quality. Therefore, in this study, the ventilation rates was derived from carbon dioxide decay method. From this ventilation behaviour, occupants are not only controlling their indoor environment, but also making the ventilation load in their building.
Study on the Performance of Trombe Wall in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Climate under Non-air Conditioning Condition
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhu Ziyang , Zhu Jiangtian , Luo Jing , Li Jie , Sun Xiaoqin
Published: August 2022

Trombe walls with phase change materials (PCMs) are well known as passive energy saving technologies, but the interaction between PCMs and Trombe walls was unclear. To explore the effect on indoor thermal environment of various operating strategies, eight cases were simulated under hot summer and cold winter climate. Integrated indoor discomfort duration (ID), integrated discomfort degree-hour (IDH), PCM liquid fraction, wall interior surface temperature and heat flux were used to assess the thermal performance throughout the year, compared with a traditional building. The results show that the effects of various operating strategies to indoors was closely related to ventilation, PCM type and position and massive wall. Ventilation was the most effective way to supply heating in winter and lower indoor temperature in summer; while its efficiency might be weakened if PCMs was installed, even though the overall indoor environment was improved. Without ventilation, massive wall with double PCM layers got better thermal performance than single layer, but the result would be contrary with ventilation. The optimal case for thermal performance is the Trombe wall with ventilation and single PCM layer, whose IDH were 2653.8°C·h in summer and 10204.3°C·h in winter.
Numerical research on cross-ventilation flow of a generic building in unsheltered and sheltered conditions: impact of cross-section
Authors: Ding Puxian , Zhou Xiaoqing , Chen Weihao , Jin Wuduo
Published: August 2022

The performances of ventilation in the buildings with quadrate and cylindrical cross-sections are compared numerically. The incoming jet in the cylindrical unsheltered-building is more horizontal in comparison to the quadrate unsheltered-building. The dimensionless volume flow rates in the quadrate and cylindrical unsheltered-buildings are respectively 0.503 and 0.553. The incoming jet in the sheltered-buildings flows to the floors immediately. The velocity near the floor in the cylindrical sheltered-building is greater than that in the quadrate sheltered-building. The dimensionless volume flow rates in the quadrate and cylindrical sheltered-buildings are respectively 0.130 and 0.210.Comparing with the quadrate buildings, the ventilation rates in the cylindrical unsheltered and sheltered buildings increased by 10% and 61%.
Review on buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in an enclosure with various types of heat sources
Authors: Gao Xiaopan , Yang Changqing , Chen Lu , Lu Na , Li Angui , Meng Feiyu
Published: August 2022

This paper reviews indoor heat convection and buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in enclosed space with heat sources in different forms such as point, line, plane, volume or combination of them. The indoor thermal flow is driven by these heat sources and accumulated in the enclosure. Thermal plume evolves based on its dynamic law above heat sources and is conversely affected by the thermal environment and geometric structure. Therefore, the dynamic of thermal-driven flows and the restriction by the thermal environment and geometric framework are both of interest in the field of indoor heat convection and buoyancy-driven natural ventilation. Based on this fact, the indoor thermal convection can be divided into two basic components which are buoyant plume above the heat source and indoor thermal stratification flow. Research and analysis on these laws and restriction are of significance in not only the advances in building thermal environment technology but also further cognition and effective solutions for current engineering practice.
Comparing the performance of RANS turbulence models between different cavity flow benchmarks
Authors: Larkermani Elyas , Mikkelsen Bjerkeli Vegard , Georges Laurent
Published: August 2022

To evaluate the performance of RANS turbulence models, this study compares four different cavity flow benchmarks using the prevailing two-equation turbulence models for indoor airflows, namely the standard and RNG k-ε and the standard and SST k-ω models. A cavity flow consists of one air inlet and one outlet slot. The inlet slot is positioned on the upper left corner of the cavity, whereas the outlet slot is located in the lower right. This cavity flow is representative of mixing ventilation. These four cavity benchmarks differ by their geometry (i.e., the aspect ratio of the room), flow regime and whether the flow is isothermal or not. Measurements of the air velocity and temperature in these benchmarks are used to evaluate the accuracy of the RANS turbulence models. Many existing studies have investigated the airflow and heat transfer over these benchmarks. However, the numerical methods and other relevant CFD parameters are not always described in detail, reducing the transparency and reproducibility of these works. To compare the influence of the RANS turbulence model on the four cavity flows, a same CFD setup is adopted here for all benchmarks. This setup is based on the best practice in RANS, namely a steady second-order spatial discretization on a wall-resolved structured mesh and with a grid convergence analysis. The results show that k-ε models, particularly the standard k-ε model, are best suited in a fully turbulent flow regime without strong pressure gradients. On the opposite, the SST k-ω model performs best in the transitional regime while the k-ε models only give moderate to poor results.
Research status and control measures of air pollutants in urban areas caused by traffic sources
Authors: Zhai Xin-Lin , Huang Qing , Ma Guo-Li , Zhou Bin
Published: August 2022

With both the social and the economic development, air pollution has become a matter of high concern to both the public and the government. Vehicle exhaust emissions on traffic roads are the main source of urban air pollution in urban area, which poses a significant threat and impact on the health of urban residents. In order to solve the excessive urban pollutants in a better and more efficient way, reasonable and economic solutions should be investigated from the three aspects, including source identification, pollutant distribution and treatment measures. As for the distribution of pollutants in regional urban scale, this paper analyzes and summarizes the four influencing factors, including different urban layout schemes, meteorological conditions, roadside tree configurations and motor vehicle flows. The methods to study the distribution of air pollutants are summarized. Meanwhile, China has promulgated many standards and policies for the treatment of pollutants, which has achieved good results. To control urban pollutants from the root, it is necessary to look at the problem of urban pollutants from various aspects with appropriate methods, affordable human and material resources and reasonable relevant policies. This study provides a scientific support for control of traffic-related pollutants in urban area.
Airborne infection probability in relation of room air distribution: an experimental investigation
Authors: Lipczynska Aleksandra , Bivolarova Mariya P. , Guo Linxuan , Kierat Wojciech , Melikov Arsen K.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of room air distribution in airborne cross-infection. Tracer gas measurements were performed in a field lab arranged as an office with two breathing thermal manikins. The room was ventilated with a mixing air distribution operating at a constant supply airflow rate of 60 L/s (4 ACH) under different air discharge scenarios: 2-way, 3-way and 4-way. Room air temperature was kept at 22.0±0.2°C. Respiratory-generated airborne pathogens were simulated by N2O dosed into the exhaled air of the manikin acting like an infected person. The N2O concentration was measured in the inhaled air of the second manikin (simulating susceptible person), exhaust and occupied zone. Measured values were used to calculate infection probability by modified Wells-Riley method. The infection probability in the occupied zone depended on the air discharge scenario. The highest infection probability of 2.9-3.9% was obtained in the inhaled air of the exposed manikin in all experimental cases. The results reveal that room air distribution is of major importance for airborne cross-infection. Therefore, during ventilation design and operation, air distribution should be carefully considered in practice. Infection probability calculated using original Wells-Riley method was underestimated compared to values obtained through measurements.
A review of different ventilation methods for controlling the transmission of the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Li Han , Cui Qiuyue , Fan Man , Kong Xiangfei
Published: August 2022

With the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping worldwide, much attention has been paid to infectious viruses. Because of the different sizes of pathogen-carrying droplets exhaled by individuals infected with COVID-19, the influence of gravity and inertia on the droplets varies, which leads to different modes of transmission of the virus. Ventilation changes the air distribution in a room, and affects virus transmission. An appropriate ventilation method that reduces the floating time of viruses and the exposure rate of the human body should be selected. Although previous studies have extensively reviewed methods to reduce the airborne transmission of viruses, research on ventilation methods remain limited. This review aimed to explore a ventilation mode that could ensure the thermal comfort and maintain low exposure and infection rates in the human body. This study investigated the transmission modes of the virus and the importance of particle size. The effects of mixing ventilation, displacement ventilation, impinging jet ventilation, and stratum ventilation on the removal of different particle sizes and applications at various locations were compared. The results of this study can contribute to reducing the indoor virus concentrations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Performance assessment of a liquid desiccant system for formaldehyde removal based on a novel criterion
Authors: Hu Jiachun , Wen Lixia , Wang Xingyu , Fu Huangxi
Published: August 2022

In the era of requirements in indoor air quality, liquid desiccant (LD) dehumidification is regarded as an energy-saving method removing indoor air contaminants during the dehumidification process, which has made considerable progress in recent years. Many previous studies have confirmed that the heat and mass transfer characteristics associated with absorption characteristics and thermophysical properties in LDs play a vital role in contaminants removal performance. The main purpose of this research is to numerically assess the indoor formaldehyde removal performance of a LD dehumidification system with different LDs. In order to make a fair assessment, a novel criterion based on the same temperature and the same vapor pressure which is the same desiccant condition is proposed. A numerical model integrated with heat, moisture, and formaldehyde transfer is used to predict the system performance. This model can rationally simulate the formaldehyde removal performance of the LD dehumidification system by inputting various operating parameters, including indoor air status parameters and outdoor air status parameters. The simulation results show that the number of mass transfer units of formaldehyde (NTUmf) plays a key role in the formaldehyde removal performance. The formaldehyde removal performances decrease with the increase of temperature and humidity ratio of return air, while they increase with the increase of temperature and humidity ratio of fresh air. With the aforementioned results, the study is expected to be beneficial to further improve the removal ability and potential of LD systems for indoor formaldehyde.
Measured analysis of indoor pollutant concentration and air change rate in winter in the postgraduate dormitory of a university in Shenyang
Authors: Feng Guohui , He Yong , Zhou Ziqiang , Song Jiasen
Published: August 2022

In this paper, taking 17 graduate male dormitories of a university in Shenyang as the research object, the relationship between the characteristics of internal personnel and pollutants, the relationship between pollutant concentration and air change rate in the winter dormitory is analyzed by means of questionnaire survey and measurement. Through test analysis, it was found that the number of students in the dormitory whose actual weight exceeded 10% of the normal weight was greater than or equal to 2 people, which would cause the indoor CO2 concentration to be significantly higher than that of the normal weight dormitory, and the smoking of students in the dormitory would cause an increase in indoor PM2.5 concentration; For indoor CO2 concentrations of more than 2000ppm in dormitories that are sealed all night, reasonable window ventilation is required to effectively reduce the concentration of gas pollutants; According to the questionnaire survey, it is known that students do not use doors and windows for ventilation, so that indoor air does not circulate, causing students to have drowsiness, lack of concentration, chest tightness and other symptoms. The results of the study provide a reference for improving air quality and ventilation strategies in university dormitories.
Simulation of Indoor Pollutant Distribution in Residential Buildings under Different Ventilation Modes
Authors: Yu Liang , Liu Zijia , Guo Yanchun
Published: August 2022

For clear residential indoor pollutant concentration under different ventilation modes and contaminant distribution, to explore the emission efficiency of different ventilation way, choose suitable way of ventilation, different season in Shenyang, this article selects some typical residence as the research object, interior decoration materials commonly used as indoor pollutant source, based on CFD fluid mechanics principle, Airpak3.0.16 software was used to simulate indoor air flow field and indoor concentration distribution field of formaldehyde, benzene and VOC, and to compare and analyse indoor pollutant distribution law, air age and pollutant discharge efficiency under natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation in winter and summer. The results show that ventilation can effectively discharge most of indoor pollutants. 69% of indoor pollutants can be discharged by natural ventilation in summer, 46% of indoor pollutants can be discharged by natural ventilation in winter, 57% of indoor pollutants can be discharged by mechanical ventilation in summer, and 51% of indoor pollutants can be discharged by mechanical ventilation in winter. Under the condition of the same ventilation volume in the same season, natural ventilation has the best effect in summer, and considering that the energy consumption of mechanical ventilation is much higher than that of natural ventilation, natural ventilation is recommended in summer. The effect of mechanical ventilation is better in winter, and because Shenyang is not suitable to open Windows for ventilation for a long time in winter, mechanical ventilation should be used in winter.
Exploring the Distribution of Ultraviolet Radiation Intensity of Parabolic Reflector at Different Overall Heights
Authors: Li Jiachen , Chen Deshi , Miao Wenda , Zhao Jianye , Su Chunxiao
Published: August 2022

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to human society on both perspectives of health and economy. Ultraviolet (UV) has been verified capable to damage the DNA and RNA of various microorganisms, including the new coronavirus. The parabolic reflector, a key component of the upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) device, plays a vital role in collating and restraining ultraviolet light. In order to deeply understand the influence of the reflector in the device on the spatial distribution and numerical value of the ultraviolet radiation intensity, we measured and simulated the efficacy of the reflector equipped with a single-tube UV lamp. At a distance of 50cm from the reflector, a virtual plane with a side length of 40cm×40cm parallel to the exit port was introduced. At room temperature of 20 °C, measured and simulated reflectors were carried out at three heights A, B, and C, which were 25 cm, 20 cm, and 15 cm. We have concluded that as the height of the reflector increases, the irradiance value in the space also increases; then decreasing the height of the reflector is more conducive to the uniform distribution of the irradiance in the space. In conclusion, exploring the appropriate reflector height to obtain the balance of UV intensity and distribution is meaningful for improving the efficiency of the upper layer device
Optimization research based on local exhaust of oil mist particles in cutting machine tool
Authors: Meng Qinpeng , Wang Fei , Li Qidong , Wang Xin , Lin Chengjie , Wang Xudong
Published: August 2022

Oil particles generated from metalworking fluids(MWFs) in machining process can lead serious health problem to operator. Local exhaust hood is an effective engineering method to capture oil particles and other contamination which is wildly used in manufacture workshop. In this paper, exhaust hood capture efficiency with various height, air volume and particle size was gotten by Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD) technology. Though further analysis of the CFD result, feature air velocity was introduced. Then an equation of feature velocity and capture efficiency was established by multi regression method. According to this equation one improvement solution was studied: Set to flexible enclosure for up exhaust hood. The solution raised particle capture efficiency on each size significant, the result is equivalent to low down up exhaust hood for 60cm.
A root cause analysis system to establish the most plausible explanation for post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Kamran Umair , King Dominic , Abbasi Abdullah , Coupland Ben , Umar Nosheen , Chapman Warren C. , Hebbar Srisha , Trudgill Nigel J.
Published: August 2022

Background Missing upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) at endoscopy may prevent curative treatment. We have developed a root cause analysis system for potentially missed UGICs at endoscopy (post-endoscopy UGIC [PEUGIC]) to establish the most plausible explanations.

Methods The electronic records of patients with UGIC at two National Health Service providers were examined. PEUGICs were defined as UGICs diagnosed 6–36 months after an endoscopy that did not diagnose cancer. An algorithm based on the World Endoscopy Organization post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer algorithm was developed to categorize and identify potentially avoidable PEUGICs.

Results Of 1327 UGICs studied, 89 (6.7 %) were PEUGICs (patient median [IQR] age at endoscopy 73.5 (63.5–81.0); 60.7 % men). Of the PEUGICs, 40 % were diagnosed in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. PEUGICs were categorized as: A – lesion detected, adequate assessment and decision-making, but PEUGIC occurred (16.9 %); B – lesion detected, inadequate assessment or decision-making (34.8 %); C – possible missed lesion, endoscopy and decision-making adequate (8.9 %); D – possible missed lesion, endoscopy or decision-making inadequate (33.7 %); E – deviated from management pathway but appropriate (5.6 %); F – deviated inappropriately from management pathway (3.4 %). The majority of PEUGICs (71 %) were potentially avoidable and in 45 % the cancer outcome could have been different if it had been diagnosed on the initial endoscopy. There was a negative correlation between endoscopists’ mean annual number of endoscopies and the technically attributable PEUGIC rate (correlation coefficient −0.57; P = 0.004).

Conclusion Missed opportunities to avoid PEUGIC were identified in 71 % of cases. Root cause analysis can standardize future investigation of PEUGIC and guide quality improvement efforts.
From a Single Cell to a Whole Human Liver: Disease Modeling and Transplantation
Authors: Motomura Takashi , Faccioli Lanuza A.P. , Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro , Tafaleng Edgar N. , Diaz-Aragon Ricardo , Kocas-Kilicarslan Zehra N. , Haep Nils , Florentino Rodrigo M. , Amirneni Sriram , Cetin Zeliha , Peri Bhaavna S. , Morita Kazutoyo , Ostrowska Alina , Takeishi Kazuki
Published: August 2022

Although the underlying cause may vary across countries and demographic groups, liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for liver failure but is limited by the lack of donor livers. The development of drugs that prevent the progression of liver disease and the generation of alternative liver constructs for transplantation could help alleviate the burden of liver disease. Bioengineered livers containing human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived liver cells are being utilized to study liver disease and to identify and test potential therapeutics. Moreover, bioengineered livers containing pig hepatocytes and endothelial cells have been shown to function and survive after transplantation into pig models of liver failure, providing preclinical evidence toward future clinical applications. Finally, bioengineered livers containing human iPSC-derived liver cells have been shown to function and survive after transplantation in rodents but require considerable optimization and testing prior to clinical use. In conclusion, bioengineered livers have emerged as a suitable tool for modeling liver diseases and as a promising alternative graft for clinical transplantation. The integration of novel technologies and techniques for the assembly and analysis of bioengineered livers will undoubtedly expand future applications in basic research and clinical transplantation.
Disappearing Help Text: Implementing a Note-Based Tool for In-Line Clinical Decision Support and Note Bloat Reduction
Authors: Chong Amy Z. , Lee Begem , Hollenbach Kathryn , Kuelbs Cynthia L.
Published: August 2022

Objective The authors describe a novel solution to the challenges of lengthy notes and poor note readability by creating an unobtrusive clinical decision support tool named “disappearing help text.”

Methods We designed this tool in Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) note templates to provide in-line decision support on best documentation practices, note bloat reduction, billing compliance, and provider workflow enhancement.

Results After template changes that utilized disappearing help text, we reduced the percent of notes utilizing any laboratory SmartLink from 90.2 to 15.3% for admission notes (p <0.001), 92.6 to 17.8% for progress notes (p <0.001), and 14 to 7.2% for discharge summaries (p <0.001). In admission and progress notes, this correlated with a significant reduction in the median note length as a proxy of note bloat reduction, with a 18.7% character count reduction in progress notes (p <0.001) and a 6.4% reduction in admission notes (p <0.001). PHM coding queries decreased from an average of 42 per month to 36 per month, and there was no change in PHM attending billing compliance audit performance.

Discussion Note template changes that utilized disappearing help text significantly reduced the length of both progress and admission notes, a proxy for note bloat reduction, without negatively impacting coding query frequency or internal billing audit performance. One factor that likely contributed to this reduction in note length is the reduced usage of laboratory SmartLinks prompted by disappearing help text.

Conclusion We present the use of in-line disappearing help text embedded into note templates as a clinical decision support tool to improve note readability, educate trainees on note documentation, and protect confidential teen information. Help text implementation correlated with a reduction in the automatic insertion of laboratories into notes and a decrease in note character count.
Current Applications of Dynamic Navigation System in Endodontics: A Scoping Review
Authors: Martinho Frederico Canato , Griffin Ina Laurie , Corazza Bruna Jordão Motta
Published: August 2022

This scoping review (SCR) was conducted to map the existing literature on dynamic navigation system (DNS), to examine the extent, range, and nature of research activity. Additionally, this SCR disseminates research findings, determines the value of conducting a full systematic review with meta-analysis, and identifies gaps in the existing literature and future directions. This SCR followed Arksey and O'Malley's five stages framework. The electronic search was performed in PubMed (Medline), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) databases using a search strategy. Five themes emerged during the descriptive analysis that captured the DNS application in endodontics. The DNS has been explored for creating access cavities (8/18, 44.44%), locating calcified canals (4/18, 22.2%), microsurgery (3/18, 16.6%), post removal (2/18, 11.1%), and intraosseous anesthesia (1/18, 5.5%). Out of the 18 studies included, 12 are in vitro (66.6%), five are in vivo (case report) (27.7%), and one is ex vivo (5.5%). The DNS demonstrated accuracy and efficiency in performing minimally invasive access cavities, locating calcified canals, and performing endodontic microsurgery, and it helped target the site for intraosseous anesthesia.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: What the Interventional Radiologist Should Know
Authors: Kaufman Claire S. , McDonald Jamie , Balch Heather , Whitehead Kevin
Published: August 2022

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein bypassing the normal capillary bed causing a right-to-left shunt. The majority (80–90%) of PAVMs are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). PAVMs may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms of hypoxia, shortness of breath, migraines, sequelae of paradoxical embolization, or rupture. Transcatheter embolization has become the standard of care. This article will review the clinical presentation, workup, genetics, imaging findings, embolization, complications, and follow-up for patients with PAVMs.
Lung, Pleural, and Mediastinal Biopsies: From Preprocedural Assessment to Technique and Management of Complications
Authors: Larocque Natasha , Brook Olga R.
Published: August 2022

Biopsies of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum play a crucial role in the workup of thoracic lesions. Percutaneous image-guided biopsy of thoracic lesions is a relatively safe and noninvasive way to obtain a pathologic diagnosis which is required to direct patient management. This article reviews how to safely perform image-guided biopsies of the lung, pleura, and mediastinum, from the preprocedural assessment to reviewing intraprocedural techniques, and how to avoid and manage complications.
Percutaneous Chest Tube for Pleural Effusion and Pneumothorax
Authors: Ukeh Ifechi , Fang Adam , Patel Sandhya , Opoku Kwaku , Nezami Nariman
Published: August 2022

Chest tubes are placed in the pleural space to evacuate abnormal fluid or air accumulations. Various types and sizes of chest tubes are available. Imaging including ultrasound, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy should be used to guide chest tube placement. Understanding the anatomy of the pleural space, along with the etiology and classification of pleural space disease, can help optimize chest tube management. This article will review the indications, contraindications, techniques, and postprocedure follow-up of chest tube placement as well as discuss the management and prevention of complications.
The Latest on Lung Ablation
Authors: Cramer Peyton , Pua Bradley B.
Published: August 2022

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women. Despite smoking cessation efforts and advances in lung cancer detection and treatment, long-term survival remains low. For early-stage primary lung carcinoma, surgical resection offers the best chance of long-term survival; however, only about one-third of patients are surgical candidates. For nonsurgical candidates, minimally invasive percutaneous thermal ablation therapies have become recognized as safe and effective treatment alternatives, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and cryoablation. Lung ablation is also an acceptable treatment for limited oligometastatic and oligorecurrent diseases. This article discusses the technologies and techniques available for tumor ablation of thoracic malignancies, as well as new treatments on the horizon.
The fluctuation–dissipation measurement instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source
Authors: Assefa T. A. , Seaberg M. H. , Reid A. H. , Shen L. , Esposito V. , Dakovski G. L. , Schlotter W. , Holladay B. , Streubel R. , Montoya S. A. , Hart P. , Nakahara K. , Moeller S. , Kevan S. D. , Fischer P. , Fullerton E. E. , Colocho W. , Lutman A. , Decker F.-J. , Sinha S. K. , Roy S. , Blackburn E. , Turner J. J.
Published: August 2022

The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-principle of resonant magnetic scattering using ultrafast pulse pairs. This is followed by a description of a new endstation, the so-called fluctuation–dissipation measurement instrument, which was used to carry out studies with a fast area detector. In addition, we describe various types of diagnostics for single-shot contrast measurements, which can be used to normalize data on a pulse-by-pulse basis and calibrate pulse amplitude ratios, both of which are important for the study of fluctuations in materials. Furthermore, we present some new results using the instrument that demonstrates access to higher momentum resolution.
Towards the modeling of the interplay between radiation induced segregation and sink microstructure
Authors: Schuler T. , Nastar M. , Soisson F.
Published: August 2022

Excess point defects created by irradiation in metallic alloys diffuse and annihilate at sinks available in the microstructure, such as grain boundaries, dislocations, or point defect clusters. Fluxes of defects create fluxes of alloying elements, leading to local changes of composition near the sinks and to a modification of the properties of the materials. The direction and the amplitude of this radiation-induced segregation, its tendency to produce an enrichment or a depletion of solute, depend on a set of transport coefficients that are very difficult to measure experimentally. The understanding of radiation-induced segregation phenomena has, however, made significant progress in recent years, thanks to the modeling at different scales of diffusion and segregation mechanisms. We review here these different advances and try to identify the key scientific issues that limit the development of predictive models, applicable to real alloys. The review addresses three main issues: the calculation of the transport coefficients from ab initio calculations, the modeling of segregation kinetics at static point defects sinks—mainly by kinetic Monte Carlo or diffusion-reaction models—and the more challenging task of modeling the dynamic interplay between radiation-induced segregation and sink microstructure evolution, especially when this evolution results from annihilation of point defects. From this overview of the current state-of-the-art in this field, we discuss still-open questions and guidelines for what constitutes, in our opinion, the desirable future works on this topic.
Fluid–structure-coupled Koopman mode analysis of free oscillating twin-cylinders
Authors: Zhang Hongfu , Zhou Lei , Deng Pengru , Tse Tim K. T.
Published: August 2022

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) of twin square cylinders in a tandem arrangement was numerically investigated at Reynolds numbers 200 and gap L/D = 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 (D is the side length of the cylinders). Fluid-structure-coupled Koopman mode analysis method was developed to synchronously identify the coherence flow and structural modes. Then, the energy transfer between cylinders and Koopman modes was analyzed to uncover the underlying mechanism of FIV. The results showed that at L/D = 2.0 and 4.0, only soft lock-in vortex-induced vibration (VIV) was observed. The oscillating amplitude for L/D = 4.0 was much higher than that of L/D = 2.0, due to the interference effects induced by fully developed gap vortices. As L/D = 6.0, VIV and galloping coexisted. For the coherence mode, the primary flow mode induced by the vortex shedding dominated the flow field at L/D = 2.0 and 4.0. The direct mode energy dominated the energy transfer process. The upstream cylinder (UC) contributed to the negative work done and thus tended to stabilize the vibration; in contrast, the downstream cylinder (DC) exhibited the opposite behavior. In the galloping branch at L/D = 6.0, both the flow field and structural response contained three main modes: one vortex-shedding-induced mode and two vibration-induced modes. For the direct mode energy, owing to the interference effects, DC contributed to more positive work done than UC by the vibration-induced modes. The vortex-induced mode was governed by DC and afforded negative work done. Moreover, all the coupled mode energy was almost equal to zero.
Atomic isotropic hyperfine properties for second row elements (Al–Cl)
Authors: Feller David , Stanton John F. , Davidson Ernest R.
Published: August 2022

Isotropic hyperfine properties have been obtained for the second row elements Al–Cl using a systematic composite approach consisting of a sequence of core/valence correlation consistent basis sets, up through aug-cc-pCV7Z, along with configuration interaction and coupled cluster methods. The best nonrelativistic final values for the atomic ground states (in MHz) are −1.80 27Al (2Po1/2), −24.31 29Si (3P0), 63.70 31P (4So3/2), 20.77 33S (3P2), and 35.42 35Cl (2Po3/2). We find a large K shell contribution to the spin density at the nucleus that is almost canceled by the L and M shell contributions. The spin density in atomic units is approximately linear with respect to the atomic number.
Droplet impact on a heated porous plate above the Leidenfrost temperature: A lattice Boltzmann study
Authors: Wang Geng , Fei Linlin , Lei Timan , Wang Qian , Luo Kai H.
Published: August 2022

In the past few decades, the droplet impact on a heated plate above the Leidenfrost temperature has attracted immense research interest. The strong hydrophobicity caused by the Leidenfrost effect leads to the droplet bouncing from a flat plate at a given contact time predicted by the classical Rayleigh theory. Numerous investigations were conducted to break the theoretical Rayleigh's limit to reduce the interfacial contact time. Recently, a droplet was observed to form a pancake shape and bounce as it impacted nanotube or micropost surfaces above the Leidenfrost temperature. This led to a significant reduction in droplet contact time. However, this unique bouncing phenomenon is still not fully understood, such as the influence of the plate configuration and the relationship between the droplet rebound time and evaporation mass loss. In this study, we carry out a numerical study of the droplet impact dynamics on a heated porous plate above the Leidenfrost temperature, using a multiphase thermal lattice Boltzmann model. Our model is constructed within the unified lattice Boltzmann method framework and is first validated based on theoretical and experimental results. Then, a comprehensive parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the impact Weber number, the plate temperature, and the plate configurations on the droplet bouncing dynamics. Results show that higher plate temperature, larger Weber number, and smaller pore intervals can accelerate the droplet rebound and promote the droplet pancake bouncing. We demonstrate that the occurrence of the pancake bouncing is attributed to the additional lift force provided by the vapor pressure due to the evaporation of liquid inside the pores. Moreover, the droplet maximum spreading time and maximum spreading factor can be described by a power law function of the impact Weber number. The droplet evaporation mass loss increases linearly with the impingement Weber number and the plate opening fractions. This study provides new insights into the Leidenfrost droplet impingement on porous plates, which may potentially facilitate the design of novel engineering surfaces and devices.