bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EBP2, a novel NPM‐ALK‐interacting protein in the nucleolus, contributes to the proliferation of ALCL cells by regulating tumor suppressor p53
Authors: Uchihara Yuki , Tago Kenji , Tamura Hiroomi , Funakoshi‐Tago Megumi
Published: October 2020

The oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM‐ALK), found in anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL), localizes to the cytosol, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus. However, the relationship between its localization and transforming activity remains unclear. We herein demonstrated that NPM‐ALK localized to the nucleolus by binding to nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a nucleolar protein that exhibits shuttling activity between the nucleolus and cytoplasm, in a manner that was dependent on its kinase activity. In the nucleolus, NPM‐ALK interacted with Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1‐binding protein 2 (EBP2), which is involved in rRNA biosynthesis. Moreover, enforced expression of NPM‐ALK induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EBP2. Knockdown of EBP2 promoted the activation of the tumor suppressor p53, leading to G0/G1‐phase cell cycle arrest in Ba/F3 cells transformed by NPM‐ALK and ALCL patient‐derived Ki‐JK cells, but not ALCL patient‐derived SUDH‐L1 cells harboring p53 gene mutation. In Ba/F3 cells transformed by NPM‐ALK and Ki‐JK cells, p53 activation induced by knockdown of EBP2 was significantly inhibited by Akt inhibitor GDC‐0068, mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, and knockdown of Raptor, an essential component of mTORC1. These results suggest that the knockdown of EBP2 triggered p53 activation through the Akt‐mTORC1 pathway in NPM‐ALK‐positive cells. Collectively, the present results revealed the critical repressive mechanism of p53 activity by EBP2 and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALCL.
ULK1 inhibitor induces spindle microtubule disorganization and inhibits phosphorylation of Ser10 of histone H3
Authors: Ji Xinmiao , Zhang Xin , Li Zhiyuan
Published: October 2020

Certain tumors are dependent on autophagy for survival; thus, the use of unc‐51‐like autophagy activating kinase (ULK) 1 inhibitors to block autophagy has the potential for tumor treatment. However, ULK1 inhibitors affect processes other than autophagy. Herein, we report that the ULK1 inhibitors SBI‐0206965/MRT68921 not only inhibit phosphorylation of histone H3 (Ser10) and delay chromatin condensation but also induce spindle microtubule disorganization to form short and fragmented microtubule polymers. Although the delay in chromatin condensation also delayed mitotic entry, the disorganized microtubule polymers resulted in unsegregated chromosomes and polyploidy. Although the effect on mitotic entry was moderate, polyploidy formation was decreased in ULK1 knockout cells with or without ULK2 knockdown. In conclusion, it will be helpful to consider the roles of ULK1 inhibitors in mitotic dysregulation, as well as autophagy, when evaluating their antitumor efficacy.
Development of distributed multiple‐source and multiple‐use heat pump system using renewable energy: Outline of test building and experimental evaluation of cooling and heating performance
Authors: Liu Mingzhe , Hino Toshiyuki , Ooka Ryozo , Wen Ke , Choi Wonjun , Lee Doyun , Ikeda Shintaro
Published: October 2020

The development of a distributed heat pump system that utilizes several renewable energy sources to meet building heating and cooling demands was reported in this paper. We refer to this system as the multiple‐source and multiple‐use heat pump (MMHP) system. A unique sky source heat pump, ground heat exchangers, and various heat pumps are connected through closed‐loop piping system within a building. This kind of configuration enables improved matching of supply and demand which offers a high flexibility. The winter and summer field testing are conducted to investigate the system performance using a testing building.
A Novel Heterostructure Based on RuMo Nanoalloys and N‐doped Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tu Kejun , Tranca Diana , Rodríguez‐Hernández Fermín , Jiang Kaiyue , Huang Senhe , Zheng Qi , Chen Ming‐Xi , Lu Chenbao , Su Yuezeng , Chen Zhenying , Mao Haiyan , Yang Chongqing , Jiang Jinyang , Liang Hai‐Wei , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: October 2020

Heterostructures exhibit considerable potential in the field of energy conversion due to their excellent interfacial charge states in tuning the electronic properties of different components to promote catalytic activity. However, the rational preparation of heterostructures with highly active heterosurfaces remains a challenge because of the difficulty in component tuning, morphology control, and active site determination. Herein, a novel heterostructure based on a combination of RuMo nanoalloys and hexagonal N‐doped carbon nanosheets is designed and synthesized. In this protocol, metal‐containing anions and layered double hydroxides are employed to control the components and morphology of heterostructures, respectively. Accordingly, the as‐made RuMo‐nanoalloys‐embedded hexagonal porous carbon nanosheets are promising for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in an extremely small overpotential (18 mV), an ultralow Tafel slope (25 mV dec−1), and a high turnover frequency (3.57 H2 s−1) in alkaline media, outperforming current Ru‐based electrocatalysts. First‐principle calculations based on typical 2D N‐doped carbon/RuMo nanoalloys heterostructures demonstrate that introducing N and Mo atoms into C and Ru lattices, respectively, triggers electron accumulation/depletion regions at the heterosurface and consequently reduces the energy barrier for the HER. This work presents a convenient method for rational fabrication of carbon–metal heterostructures for highly efficient electrocatalysis.
Workplace‐based Assessment Data in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Cheung Warren J. , Pusic Martin , Stehman Christine , Gottlieb Michael
Published: October 2020

Objective

In the era of competency‐based medical education (CBME), the collection of more and more trainee data is being mandated by accrediting bodies such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. However, few efforts have been made to synthesize the literature around the current issues surrounding workplace‐based assessment (WBA) data. This scoping review seeks to synthesize the landscape of literature on the topic of data collection and utilization for trainees’ WBAs in emergency medicine (EM).

Methods

The authors conducted a scoping review in the style of Arksey and O’Malley, seeking to synthesize and map literature on collecting, aggregating, and reporting WBA data. The authors extracted, mapped, and synthesized literature that describes, supports, and substantiates effective data collection and utilization in the context of the CBME movement within EM.

Results

Our literature search retrieved 189 potentially relevant references (after removing duplicates) that were screened to 29 abstracts and papers relevant to collecting, aggregating, and reporting WBAs. Our analysis shows that there is an increasing temporal trend toward contributions in these topics, with the majority of the papers (16/29) being published in the past 3 years alone.

Conclusion

There is increasing interest in the areas around data collection and utilization in the age of CBME. The field, however, is only beginning to emerge, leaving more work that can and should be done in this area.
Monthly endoscopy surveillance culture facilitates detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure: 5‐year experience in an endoscopy center
Authors: Chen Shu‐Hui , Liu Theophile , Lai Huei‐Wen , Chang Hui‐Lan , Yen Hsu‐Heng
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to review the clinical impact of monthly microbiology surveillance culture for monitoring endoscope contamination after high‐level disinfection. Monthly surveillance culture of the endoscopes was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018 at our endoscopy center. A total of 1931 cultures were collected, including 765 cultures from 16 gastroscopes, 730 cultures from 18 colonoscopes, 379 cultures from 8 duodenalscopes, 46 cultures from 1 echoscopes, and 11 cultures from 1 enterscope. Cultures were obtained from ready‐to‐use endoscopes after a full reprocessing cycle and storage. Samples were cultured to test for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The positive culture rates for the endoscope were 2% (15/765) for gastroscopes, 1.9% (14/730) for colonoscopes, 0.8% (3/379) for duodenscopes, 4.3% (2/46) for echoscopes, and 9.1% (1/11) for enterscopes. These findings were predominantly attributed to human factors (71.4%, 25/35) followed by storage cabinet failure (14.3%, 5/35), automatic endoscope reprocessing failure (11.4%, 4/35), and endoscope channel damage (2.8%, 1/35). Multivariate analysis showed that the years 2015 (odds ratio [OR] 0.19, 0.04 to 0.91), 2016 (OR 0.21, 0.05 to 0.80), and 2017 (OR 0.22, 0.06 to 0.83) were associated with decreased risk of endoscope contamination. The age, type, and number of times the scope was used were not related to contamination. A low risk of endoscope contamination was found over a 5‐year period in our endoscopy center. The most common cause of contamination was human factor. Duodenalscopes showed the lowest scope contamination rate. We suggested the implantation of a systematic endoscope culture regardless of the type of scope to facilitate early detection of breaches in the scope reprocessing procedure in clinical practice.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome: A rare complication of esomeprazole
Authors: Wu Tung‐Lung , Chou Kun‐Ching , Yen Hsu‐Heng
Published: October 2020

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is a commonly prescribed drug for peptic ulcer. Serious adverse events, such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), are very rare. A 58‐year‐old man had been experiencing tarry stools and endoscopic evaluation revealed active duodenal ulcer bleeding. After the failure of endoscopic therapy, arterial embolization resulted in successful hemostasis. The patient was administered PPI to prevent recurrent ulcer bleeding. High fever and generalized skin rash developed on hospital day 16 and subseqnent evaluation suggested esomeprazole associated SJS. Although rare, clinicians should be aware of this rare cutaneous complication of PPI. Early recognition and cessation of PPI can help prevent this lethal complication.
An unusual cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Chen Chi‐Jen , Tsai Ying‐Nan , Chang I‐Wei , Yang Chung‐Yi , Tai Chi‐Ming
Published: October 2020

Acute lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refer to blood loss of colon origination. The cause of lower GI bleeding may include vascular (ulcer, angiodysplasia, ischemic, or radiation), anatomic (diverticulum), inflammatory (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), infectious, or neoplastic. Mesenteric venous thrombosis is responsible for 5% to 15% of all mesenteric ischemic events, and the involvement of the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) is rare. A 70‐year‐old man who presented with episodes of bloody diarrhea. Colonoscopy revealed diffuse hyperemic changes in the rectum and sigmoid colon. A contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed diffuse, circumferential wall thickening of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum as a result of thrombosis in the IMV. Anticoagulant was administered and there was no further bloody diarrhea. Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare cause of lower GI bleeding. However, it may be kept in mind in high risk populations such as malignancy, prothrombotic states, inflammatory bowel disease, recent abdomen injury or surgery, and diabetes mellitus.
Bowel mucosal necrosis and perforation following administration of calcium polystyrene sulfonate (Kalimate) in patients with hyperkalemia: Report of two cases
Authors: Shen Chang‐Ping , Chen Li‐Wei , Chang Liang‐Che , Jhu Jian‐Min , Wang Chih‐Yuan
Published: October 2020

Hyperkalemia is a common problem in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease. Cation exchange resins, such as calcium polystyrene sulfonate (Kalimate) or sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), are frequently administered orally or rectally to correct hyperkalemia. Kalimate/Kayexalate administration has been reported to induce gastrointestinal injury. We report two cases of colonic necrosis and bowel perforation following Kalimate adminstration. A review of past literature pertaining to Kalimate/Kayexalate‐associated complications was performed.
Building Leadership, Capacity, and Power to Advance Health Equity and Justice through Community‐Engaged Research in the Midwest
Authors: Woods‐Jaeger Briana , Daniel‐Ulloa Jason , Kleven Lauren , Bucklin Rebecca , Maldonado Adriana , Gilbert Paul A. , Parker Edith A. , Baquero Barbara
Published: October 2020

The Health Equity Advancement Lab (HEAL) at the University of Iowa College of Public Health began in 2012 to support students, researchers, and community members interested in tackling persistent health inequities through a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) approach. Using concepts from critical consciousness theory, we developed an approach to building students’, faculty members’, and community partners’ capacity to engage in CBPR to promote health equity that involved immersion in developing CBPR projects. Our paper describes the evolution of HEAL as a facilitating structure that provides a support network and engages diverse stakeholders in critical reflection as they participate in research to advance health equity, and resulting political efficacy and social action. We describe one HEAL‐affiliated research project that employs a CBPR approach and has a strong focus on providing transformative learning experiences for students, faculty, and community members. We highlight challenges, successes, and lessons learned in the application of critical consciousness as a framework that engages diverse academic and community partners seeking to promote health equity. We argue that critical consciousness is a relevant theoretical framework to promote transformative learning among students, faculty, and community partners to promote health equity research in diverse communities.
Not Just Doing Time: Distinct Typologies of Attitudes and Emotions among Juvenile Justice‐Involved Youth
Authors: Modecki Kathryn Lynn
Published: October 2020

Adolescents’ views of the legal system, just world beliefs, and moral emotions are interrelated and form an important frame of reference, particularly for young people involved in the juvenile justice system. Yet past scholarship has generally treated these as independent indices of youths’ experience. This study took a person‐centered, latent profile approach to attitudes and beliefs among 136 male youth incarcerated within secure US juvenile facilities. Three heterogeneous profiles were found (negative attitudes/low emotion, moderate attitudes/mixed emotions, and positive attitudes/positive emotion) which were differentially associated with antisocial behavior. Youth who belonged to historically marginalized populations had significantly lower odds of belonging to a protective profile characterized by positive legal attitudes, just world beliefs, and emotions (positive attitudes/positive emotion). Findings highlight our gaps in understanding young people’s experiences with legal and judicial entities and illustrate significant heterogeneity in youth’s frame of reference within the juvenile justice system.
Teacher training as a means to sustained and multiplicative behavior change: An example using fuel‐efficient stoves
Authors: Kendall Corinne J. , Leeds Austin , Tinka John , Lukas Kristen E. , Folta Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Chimpanzee conservation is dependent on addressing key threats such as habitat degradation, which is fueled by collection of firewood in Uganda′s Kibale National Park. To address this threat, sustained behavior change that reduces dependence on fuelwood is needed. One of the greatest challenges for conservation education programs and behavior change campaigns is to have long‐term and consistent effects on communities. Teacher trainings have potential to influence a large number of students over an extended period of time. In this study, we tested if teacher training on an activity designed to reduce community impact on the environment and thus reduce habitat encroachment in a critical chimpanzee habitat—construction of fuel‐efficient stoves (FES)—could lead to retained knowledge and attitude improvements for students as well as sustained behavioral change in communities around Kibale National Park up to 2 years after initial training on the topic. We consistently found improvements in student knowledge and attitude change between the beginning and end of the year for third‐ and sixth‐grade students in 11 program schools, but not in four control schools. In addition, the number of FES built by 120 teachers engaged in the program and their students continued to average over 150 stoves per year across 4 years. Our study suggests that teacher training can lead to sustained and multiplicative behavior change, which may mitigate threats to chimpanzees and other wildlife threatened by habitat encroachment in the park over time.
Integrating climate and landscape models to prioritize areas and conservation strategies for an endangered arboreal primate
Authors: Cabral Rezende Gabriela , Sobral‐Souza Thadeu , Culot Laurence
Published: October 2020

Species distributions are influenced by both climate conditions and landscape structure. Here we propose an integrated analysis of climatic and landscape niche‐based models for a forest‐dependent primate, the endangered black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). We applied both climate and landscape variables to predict the distribution of this tamarin and used this information to prioritize strategic areas more accurately. We anticipated that this approach would be beneficial for the selection of pertinent conservation strategies for this flagship species. First, we built climate and landscape niche‐based models separately, combining seven algorithms, to infer processes acting on the species distribution at different scales. Subsequently, we combined climate and landscape models using the EcoLand Analysis. Our results suggest that historic and current landscape fragmentation and modification had profoundly adverse effects on the distribution of the black lion tamarins. The models indicated just 2096 km2 (out of an original distribution of 92,239 km2) of suitable areas for both climate and landscape. Of this suitable area, the species is currently present in less than 40%, which represents less than 1% of its original distribution. Based on the combined map, we determined the western and southeast regions of the species range to be priority areas for its conservation. We identified areas with high climatic and high landscape suitability, which overlap with the remaining forest fragments in both regions, for habitat conservation and population management. We suggest that areas with high climatic but low landscape suitability should be prioritized for habitat management and restoration. Areas with high landscape suitability and low climatic suitability, such as the Paranapiacaba mountain range should be considered in light of projected climate change scenarios. Our case study illustrates that a combined approach of climatic and landscape niche‐based modeling can be useful for establishing focused conservation measures that may increase the likelihood of success.
Commentary: Challenges of evaluating the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns in Congo Republic
Authors: Cox Debby , Pintea Lilian , Poaty Patricia , Nsafou Achille , Sitou Alain , Turmo Fernando , VillaMarin Enrique , Atencia Rebeca
Published: October 2020

Conservation groups are always challenged with assigning limited resources to interventions they assume will have the most effective impact in addressing threats to their conservation targets. These decisions are often made based on experience and perceived outcomes, rather than evidence. In the past decade, multiple public awareness and proactive law enforcement activities have been initiated in the Congo Republic to address the illegal wildlife trade. This paper presents the challenges faced and lessons learned in shifting from experience to evidence‐based program evaluation related to the effectiveness of billboards in informing and inspiring local populations to support positive conservation behavior with regard to great apes.
Highly sensitive and repeatable DNA‐SERS detection system using silver nanowires‐glass fiber filter substrate
Authors: Woo Ayoung , Lim Kyongmook , Cho Baek Hwan , Jung Ho Sang , Lee Min‐Young
Published: October 2020

This paper describes a new simple DNA detection method based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology using a silver nanowire stacked‐glass fiber filter substrate. In this system, DNA‐intercalating dye (EVAGreen) and reference dye (ROX) are used together to improve the repeatability and reliability of the SERS signals. We found that the SERS signal of EVAGreen was reduced by intercalation into DNA amplicons of a polymerase chain reaction on the silver nanowire stacked‐glass fiber filter substrate, whereas that of ROX stayed constant. The DNA amplicons could be quantified by correcting the EVAGreen‐specific SERS signal intensity with the ROX‐specific SERS signal intensity. Multivariate analysis by partial least square methods was also successfully performed. And we further applied it to loop‐mediated isothermal amplification with potential use for on‐site diagnostics. The sensitivities of the DNA‐SERS detection showed about 100 times higher than those of conventional fluorescence‐based detection methods. The DNA‐SERS detection method can be applied to various isothermal amplification methods, which is expected to realize on‐site molecular diagnostics with high sensitivity, repeatability, simplicity, affordability, and convenience.
Novel comb‐like anion‐nonionic copolymer for improving the stability of pymetrozine suspension concentrate
Authors: Zhang Shupeng , Zhang Lei , Yang Xiaodong , Hua Wendong , Qiu Junyun , Zhang Mingqian , Zhang Bo , Ren Tianrui
Published: October 2020

Coalescence and flocculation are two challenges for the stability and efficacy of pesticide suspension concentrate (SC) during the production and storage. To improve the stability of 25% pymetrozine SC, three comb‐like poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐polyethylene glycol methyl ether maleate) (SA‐M) with different length side chains were synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and H‐nuclear magnetic resonance. Surface‐active parameters, including critical aggregation concentration (critical micelle concentration), saturation surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area per molecule (Amin), and standard Gibbs free energyvalues were obtained from surface tension measurement. It shows that the surface‐active property of SA‐M decreased with the side chain length. Besides, 25% pymetrozine SC prepared using SA‐M as dispersant had low zeta potential and low viscosity but high dispersibility and thermal storage stability. It is speculated that the formation of hydrogen bonds between nonionic branches and pymetrozine molecule at the expense of interruption of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between pymetrozine and water molecule, plays a key role in the stability mechanism.
Expression of calbindin and calretinin in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei during aging
Authors: Vishnyakova Polina A. , Moiseev Konstantin Yu. , Spirichev Andrey A. , Emanuilov Andrey I. , Nozdrachev Alexandr D. , Masliukov Petr M.
Published: October 2020

The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of rhythms, autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral functions and may also participate in aging development and control. The aim of this work was to study the expression of calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) in the ventromedial (VMH) and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamic nuclei in young and old rats of both sexes by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In young animals, the largest number of CB‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons was detected in the ventral part of DMH (DMHv) and smaller percentage was found in its dorsal part (DMHd), in the dorsomedial part of the VMH (VMHdm) and in the ventrolateral part of the VMH (VMHvl). In aged animals, the percentage of CB‐IR neurons significantly decreased in all studied nuclei, including DMHv, DMHd, VMHdm and VMHvl. CR‐IR neurons were found in moderate number in the DMHv, DMHd, VMHdm and VMHvl of young rats. In aged rats, the percentage of CR‐IR neurons significantly increased in the DMHv, DMHd, VMHdm and VMHvl. Less than one third of IR neurons colocalized CB and CR in young and aged rats. The expression of CB significantly decreased, and the expression of CR significantly increased in the DMH and VMH during aging by western blot analysis. Thus, there are opposite changes of the calcium‐binding proteins expression in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the metabolic and sexual regulation during aging.
Inward collapse of the nasal cavity: Perinatal consolidation of the midface and cranial base in primates
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Ufelle Alexander C. , Cray James J. , Rehorek Susan B. , DeLeon Valerie B.
Published: October 2020

Living primates show a complex trend in reduction of nasal cavity spaces and structures due to moderate to severe constraint on interorbital breadth. Here we describe the ontogeny of the posterior end of the primate cartilaginous nasal capsule, the thimble shaped posterior nasal cupula (PNC), which surrounds the hind end of the olfactory region. We used a histologically sectioned sample of strepsirrhine primates and two non‐primates (Tupaia belangeri, Rousettus leschenaulti), and histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to study the PNC in a perinatal sample. At birth, most strepsirrhines possess only fragments of PNC, and these lack a perichondrium. Fetal specimens of several species reveal a more complete PNC, but the cartilage exhibits uneven or weak reactivity to type II collagen antibodies. Moreover, there is relatively less matrix than in the septal cartilage, resulting in clustering of chondrocytes, some of which are in direct contact with adjacent connective tissues. In one primate (Varecia spp.) and both non‐primates, the PNC has a perichondrium at birth. In older, infant Varecia and Rousettus, the perichondrium of the PNC is absent, and PNC fragmentation at its posterior pole has occurred in the former. Loss of the perichondrium for the PNC appears to precede resorption of the posterior end of the nasal capsule. These results suggest that the consolidation of the basicranial and facial skeletons happens ontogenetically earlier in primates than other mammals. We hypothesize that early loss of cartilage at the sphenoethmoidal articulation limits chondral mechanisms for nasal complexity, such as interstitial expansion or endochondral ossification.
Superposition of COVID‐19 waves, anticipating a sustained wave, and lessons for the future
Authors: Lai Joel Weijia , Cheong Kang Hao
Published: October 2020

The 2019 coronavirus (COVID‐19), also known as SARS‐CoV‐2, is highly pathogenic and virulent, and it spreads very quickly through human‐to‐human contact. In response to the growing number of cases, governments across the spectrum of affected countries have adopted different strategies in implementing control measures, in a hope to reduce the number of new cases. However, 5 months after the first confirmed case, countries like the United States of America (US) seems to be heading towards a trajectory that indicates a health care crisis. This is in stark contrast to the downward trajectory in Europe, China, and elsewhere in Asia, where the number of new cases has seen a decline ahead of an anticipated second wave. A data‐driven approach reveals three key strategies in tackling COVID‐19. Our work here has definitively evaluated these strategies and serves as a warning to the US, and more importantly, a guide for tackling future pandemics. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/gPkCi2_7tWo
Validation of brief symptom indexes among patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A trial of the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1302)
Authors: Oswald Laura B. , Lee Ju‐Whei , Argiris Athanassios , Webster Kimberly A. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Cella David
Published: October 2020

Background

Patients with advanced head and neck cancer have identified pain, fatigue, and difficulties swallowing, breathing, and communicating as high‐priority disease‐related symptoms. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Head and Neck Symptom Index‐10 (FHNSI‐10) assesses these symptoms. We sought to validate the FHNSI‐10, another brief symptom index (FHNSI‐7), and individual symptom endpoints representing these high‐rated priority disease symptoms among patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

Methods

Patients (N = 239) were enrolled in a phase III randomized clinical trial (E1302) and completed the FHNSI‐10 at multiple time points. We assessed the internal consistencies and test–retest reliabilities of the FHNSI‐10 and FHNSI‐7 scores, and the known‐groups validity, predictive criterion validity, and responsiveness‐to‐change of the symptom indexes and individual symptom endpoint scores.

Results

The FHNSI‐10 and FHNSI‐7 indexes showed satisfactory internal consistencies (Cronbach's alpha coefficient range 0.60‐0.75) and acceptable test–retest reliabilities (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.75 and 0.74, respectively). The FHNSI‐10, FHNSI‐7, and the pain, fatigue, swallowing, and breathing symptom scores showed evidence of known‐groups validity by performance status at baseline. The FHNSI‐10, FHNSI‐7, and the pain, fatigue, and breathing symptom scores at baseline showed evidence of predictive criterion validity for overall survival, but not time‐to‐progression (TTP). Changes in the symptom indexes and individual symptom scores were not associated with changes in performance status over 4 weeks, though most patients had stable performance status.

Conclusions

There is initial evidence of validity for the FHNSI‐10 and FHNSI‐7 indexes and selected individual symptom endpoints as brief disease‐related symptom assessments for patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN.
Resveratrol suppresses the growth and metastatic potential of cervical cancer by inhibiting STAT3Tyr705 phosphorylation
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Xu Qianqian , Zeng Lian , Xie Lixia , Zhao Qiang , Xu Hongxia , Wang Xuanbin , Jiang Nan , Fu Pan , Sang Ming
Published: October 2020

Aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling promotes the initiation and progression of cancer in humans by either inhibiting apoptosis or inducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The role of resveratrol（RES）in inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo, particularly in cervical cancer is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of STAT3 and its phosphorylation in RES‐mediated suppression of cervical cancer. The effects of RES on cervical cancer were determined by examining tumor tissues, their histological changes, and the volume and weight of tumor tissues grown from HeLa cells injected in female athymic BALB/C nude mice. The structure and target interaction of RES were virtually screened using the molecular docking program Autodock Vina. The status of phosphorylated STAT3, protein levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition molecular markers and extracellular matrix degradation enzymes were determined through Western blot. We demonstrated that RES could suppress the proliferation and metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells by inactivating phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 but not Ser727. This effect was intensified by inhibition of the STAT3 signal pathway.
Efficacy of intravesical therapies on the prevention of recurrence and progression of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Jun‐Lin , Xia Qi‐Dong , Lu Ying‐Hong , Liu Zheng , Zhou Peng , Hu Heng‐Long , Wang Shao‐Gang
Published: October 2020

Intravesical instillation therapy is the mainstay of prophylaxis of tumor recurrence and progression in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. However, there is no study evaluating the superiority of monotherapy. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of preventing recurrence and progression of intravesical monotherapies via network meta‐analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials. Database searches were conducted on Embase, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.com from the time of establishment to February 6, 2020. The monotherapies included Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), mitomycin C (MMC), interferon (IFN), adriamycin, epirubicin, gemcitabine (GEM), and thiotepa (THP). A Bayesian consistency network model was generated under a random‐effects model. The superiority of therapy was identified based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Fifty‐seven studies with 12462 patients are included. NMA shows that GEM (SUCRA = 0.92), BCG (SUCRA = 0.82), and IFN (SUCRA = 0.78) are the top three effective drugs to reduce recurrence. GEM (SUCRA = 0.87) is the most effective therapy to prevent progress, followed by BCG, MMC, THP, and IFN with similar efficacy. Subgroup analysis of pairwise meta‐analysis and NMA was performed on publication year, trial initiation year, study origin, center involvement, sample size, drug schedule, tumor characteristics, and trial quality to address confounding factors, which suggests the robustness of the results with stable effect sizes. Network meta‐regression also indicates consistent rank by analyzing year, sample size, and quality. Compared with BCG, GEM is also a promising therapy with favorable efficacy to reduce tumor recurrence and progression. IFN and MMC could be alternative therapies for BCG with slightly inferior efficacy in recurrence prevention and similar efficacy in progression prevention. However, the results of this study should be treated with caution since most of the included studies are of moderate to high risk of bias.
Plateau's Problem as a Singular Limit of Capillarity Problems
Authors: King Darren , Maggi Francesco , Stuvard Salvatore
Published: October 2020

Soap films at equilibrium are modeled, rather than as surfaces, as regions of small total volume through the introduction of a capillarity problem with a homotopic spanning condition. This point of view introduces a length scale in the classical Plateau's problem, which is in turn recovered in the vanishing volume limit. This approximation of area minimizing hypersurfaces leads to an energy based selection principle for Plateau's problem, points at physical features of soap films that are unaccessible by simply looking at minimal surfaces, and opens several challenging questions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Improved Moser‐Trudinger‐Onofri Inequality under Constraints
Authors: Chang Sun‐Yung A. , Hang Fengbo
Published: October 2020

A classical result of Aubin states that the constant in the Moser‐Trudinger‐Onofri inequality on can be improved for functions with zero first‐order moments of the area element. We generalize it to the higher‐order moments case. These new inequalities bear similarity to a sequence of Lebedev‐Milin‐type inequalities on coming from the work of Grenander‐Szego on Toeplitz determinants (as pointed out by Widom). We also discuss the related sharp inequality by a perturbation method . © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Concentration versus Oscillation Effects in Brittle Damage
Authors: Babadjian Jean‐François , Iurlano Flaviana , Rindler Filip
Published: October 2020

This work is concerned with an asymptotic analysis, in the sense of Γ‐convergence, of a sequence of variational models of brittle damage in the context of linearized elasticity. The study is performed as the damaged zone concentrates into a set of zero volume and, at the same time and to the same order ε, the stiffness of the damaged material becomes small. Three main features make the analysis highly nontrivial: at ε fixed, minimizing sequences of each brittle damage model oscillate and develop microstructures; as ε → 0, concentration and saturation of damage are favoured; and the competition of these phenomena translates into a degeneration of the growth of the elastic energy, which passes from being quadratic (at ε fixed) to being of linear‐growth type (in the limit). Consequently, homogenization effects interact with singularity formation in a nontrivial way, which requires new methods of analysis. In particular, the interaction of homogenization with singularity formation in the framework of linearized elasticity appears to not have been considered in the literature so far. We explicitly identify the Γ‐limit in two and three dimensions for isotropic Hooke tensors. The expression of the limit effective energy turns out to be of Hencky‐plasticity type. We further consider the regime where the divergence remains square‐integrable in the limit, which leads to a Tresca‐type model. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refined Asymptotic Behavior of Blowup Solutions to a Simplified Chemotaxis System
Authors: Mizoguchi Noriko
Published: October 2020

We deal with a parabolic‐elliptic chemotaxis system. It is known that finite‐time blowup occurs for a large class of initial data. However, there have been no results on exact blowup rate or detailed blowup behavior except a special radial solution given just formally in [13] and rigorously in [19, 10, 9]. Our aim is to show that for all radial blowup solutions, their blowup rate, and blowup profile related to mass concentration are the same as those of the special solution. This implies that there is exactly one blowup behavior including blowup rate in radial case . © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The noncoding and coding transcriptional landscape of the peripheral immune response in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Tang Hao , Gao Yuehan , Li Zhaohuai , Miao Yushan , Huang Zhaohao , Liu Xiuxing , Xie Lihui , Li He , Wen Wen , Zheng Yingfeng , Su Wenru
Published: October 2020

Background

COVID‐19 is currently a global pandemic, but the response of human immune system to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection remains unclear. Noncoding RNAs serve as immune regulators and thus may play a critical role in disease progression.

Methods

We performed multi‐transcriptome sequencing of both noncoding RNAs and mRNAs isolated from the red blood cell depleted whole blood of moderate and severe COVID‐19 patients. The functions of noncoding RNAs were validated by analyses of the expression of downstream mRNAs. We further utilized the single‐cell RNA‐seq data of COVID‐19 patients from Wilk et al. and Chua et al. to characterize noncoding RNA functions in different cell types.

Results

We defined four types of microRNAs with different expression tendencies that could serve as biomarkers for COVID‐19 progress. We also identified miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐142‐3p, and miR‐15b‐5p as potential contributors to the disease pathogenesis, possibly serving as biomarkers of severe COVID‐19 and as candidate therapeutic targets. In addition, the transcriptome profiles consistently suggested hyperactivation of the immune response, loss of T‐cell function, and immune dysregulation in severe patients.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings provide a comprehensive view of the noncoding and coding transcriptional landscape of peripheral immune cells during COVID‐19, furthering our understanding and offering novel insights into COVID‐19 pathogenesis.
Jewish Meditation in Counseling
Authors: Hilert Alexander J. , Gutierrez Daniel
Published: October 2020

Many counselors integrate meditation into treatment with clients. Although meditation can be presented as a secular practice, it also holds spiritual and religious relevance for many faith communities. In this article, we explore the use of Jewish meditation as a spiritually oriented treatment intervention with Jewish clients. Literature examining the relationships among counseling, the Jewish population, and Jewish meditation is presented. This article also includes practical considerations for integrating Jewish meditation into counseling.
Impact of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election on Politically Divided Relationships
Authors: Bayne Hannah B. , Impellizzeri Jonathan , Michel Rebecca E. , Dietlin Olga , van Doorn Katie Aafjes
Published: October 2020

Political identity represents a salient component of counselor and client identity tied to one's values and beliefs. The 2016 U.S. presidential election has been viewed as an especially divisive political environment that may have heightened emotion and elevated personal and collective political identities to new levels of awareness. We present findings from a consensual qualitative research study exploring personal and relational impacts of the election and discuss participants' (N = 16) strategies for relationship maintenance.
Posttraumatic Growth in Trauma Survivors: Associations With Attachment to God and God Representation
Authors: Zeligman Melissa , Ataga Jasmaine , Shaw Zoe
Published: October 2020

Individuals often turn to religion or spirituality to cope with or make sense of trauma. In this study of 222 university students who reported a history of trauma, we examined whether God representation and attachment to God were associated with posttraumatic outcomes. Trauma outcomes include both the negative impacts of trauma and the perceived posttraumatic growth (PTG) that can occur in trauma survivors. Results revealed that both an authoritarian representation of God and an avoidant attachment to God were predictive of experiences of PTG.
The Experience of Religion and Spirituality Among College Students Who Use Illicit Substances
Authors: Prosek Elizabeth A. , Giordano Amanda L. , Woehler Elliott S. , Loseu Sahar , Stamman Julia , Lollar Shannon , Grossman Hannah , Stroh Lauren
Published: October 2020

Nine collegiate illicit substance users participated in a phenomenological study of their perceptions of religion, spirituality, and substance use. We identified three themes from the interviews: (a) development of substance‐using behaviors, (b) journey with religion and spirituality, and (c) intersectionality of substance use and religious and spiritual journeys. The participants voiced a complex bidirectional relationship among use behaviors, religion, and spirituality that could be facilitative, adverse, or divergent. We provide implications and suggestions for future research.
Physical and Psychological Health Predict Adherence to an Online Mindfulness Program for College Students
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Forbes Leila , Johnson Susan K.
Published: October 2020

We examined predictors of students' adherence to a 10‐session online mindfulness program. Undergraduates naive to meditation (N = 169) were recruited from an introductory psychology subject pool. Students completed assessments examining physical and psychological health and were asked to complete a 10‐session online mindfulness activity. More than half (53%) of the sample was fully adherent to the program. Better physical health and lower levels of anxiety predicted adherence. We present recommendations for increasing adherence in the clinical use of mindfulness with college students.
A Qualitative Exploration of Counselor Educators' Collaborative Authorship Perceptions and Practices
Authors: Swank Jacqueline M. , Houseknecht Alisa , Puig Ana
Published: October 2020

Limited research exists that examines the ethics of counselor educators' collaborative authorship practices. The study purpose was to explore the collaborative authorship decision‐making perceptions and practices of counselor educators (N = 11). We identified six themes: (a) human process and communication, (b) context and nature of relationships, (c) learning experiences about authorship, (d) academic and career stage expectations, (e) collaborative authorship practices, and (f) philosophy of authorship. Implications and recommendations for research are discussed.
Independently Licensed Counselors' Work Values
Authors: Burns Stephanie T. , Sholtis Hope , Lemmer Samantha , Rauk Ingrid , Mohamed Zeinab
Published: October 2020

Prospective clinical mental health counseling students need to know if their work values align with those of independently licensed counselors before investing their time and accumulating debt. Analyzing the work values of 463 independently licensed counselors in the United States, we found 89% expressing social (altruistic) work values and 22% expressing intrinsic work values. Independently licensed counselors want to help clients become fully functioning and self‐actualized by maintaining unconditional positive regard, being congruent, and providing empathy. Clarifying these work values and their interaction can help prospective and current clinical mental health counseling students determine their future job role.
Safety and efficacy of helium plasma for subdermal coagulation
Authors: Ruff Paul G. , Doolabh Vaishali , Zimmerman Edward M. , Gentile Richard A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Surgical and nonsurgical treatments or procedures are often combined to achieve desired aesthetic results. A novel helium‐based plasma device has recently been developed to briefly heat soft tissue which coagulates collagen and achieves additional tissue contraction through neocollagenesis and tissue remodeling. Two chart reviews were performed on patients who had undergone liposuction combined with helium plasma treatment.

Objectives

The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of these combined procedures. Secondary objectives were to assess aesthetic improvements and overall subject satisfaction.

Methods

Both studies retrospectively reviewed medical records for adult subjects undergoing a subdermal coagulation procedure with the helium plasma device following liposuction. One review included pre‐ and posttreatment subject images and subject satisfaction.

Results

Study 1 identified 37 subjects who were male (n = 6) and female (n = 31), 21–70‐years old with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27 kg/m2 (range, 18–41 kg/m2). Study 2 identified 148 eligible subjects. Most subjects were female (n = 120), 21–84‐years old with a mean BMI of 27 kg/m2 (range, 18–44 kg/m2). Mean plasma generator settings were 70% power, mean helium flow was 3 L/min with four to six passes per area. Among subjects with efficacy data, most subjects (77%) reported aesthetic improvement and were happy with their results, would recommend to a friend, and would consider having their procedure repeated (68%). Overall satisfaction was achieved by 74%.

Conclusions

These results suggest helium plasma is a safe and effective adjunct therapy when used in combination with liposuction.