bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergovernmental Organizations and the Possibility of Institutional Learning: Self-Reflection and Internal Reform in the Wake of Moral Failure
Authors: Erskine Toni
Published: December 2020

One type of change that has lurked at the edges of scholarly discussions of international politics—often assumed, invoked, and alluded to, but rarely interrogated—islearning. Learning entails a very particular type of change. It is deliberate, internal, transformative, and peaceful (in the sense of being uncoerced). In this contribution to the roundtable “International Institutions and Peaceful Change,” I ask whether intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) can learn in a way that is comparable to the paradigmatic learning of individual human beings. In addressing this question, I take three steps. First, I explore references to corporate entities “learning” within the discipline of international relations (IR) and ask whether what is being proposed is, in fact, genuine learning by the organizations themselves. Second, I attempt to construct a robust account of institutional learning that departs from these conceptions and acknowledges instead the self-reflection and structural transformation that I argue learning at the corporate level requires. Third, for the purpose of illustration, I turn briefly to the UN following the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and the slaughter of more than eight thousand men and boys outside Srebrenica in 1995 to identify examples of each stage of institutional learning. Finally, I offer three provisional claims about my proposed conception of institutional learning that warrant attention in future work. Namely, I suggest that institutional learning: (1) cannot be equated with moral progress; (2) is possible despite formal organizations being incapable of emotional responses such as shame or regret; and, perhaps most controversially, (3) can occur at the level of the IGOwithoutprior or parallel learning taking place at the level of the state or individual human actor.
Mean-field models for segregation dynamics
Authors: BURGER MARTIN , PIETSCHMANN JAN-FREDERIK , RANETBAUER HELENE , SCHMEISER CHRISTIAN , WOLFRAM MARIE-THERESE
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we derive and analyse mean-field models for the dynamics of groups of individuals undergoing a random walk. The random motion of individuals is only influenced by the perceived densities of the different groups present as well as the available space. All individuals have the tendency to stay within their own group and avoid the others. These interactions lead to the formation of aggregates in case of a single species and to segregation in the case of multiple species. We derive two different mean-field models, which are based on these interactions and weigh local and non-local effects differently. We discuss existence and stability properties of solutions for both models and illustrate the rich dynamics with numerical simulations.
COMPENSATION AND CONTINUITY
Authors: Steel Sandy
Published: December 2020

This article examines accounts of the moral basis of compensatory duties that explain such duties as the continuation, in some way, of the pre-wrong normative situation. I identify, contrast, and assess three versions of this view—duty continuity, right continuity, and reasons continuity. I argue that each version is defensible, once properly articulated. The article responds to a range of objections to these views that have not received much critical attention by their proponents.
Fruit and vegetable consumption among older adults: influence of urban food environment in a medium-sized Brazilian city
Authors: Almeida Luciene Fátima Fernandes , Novaes Taiane Gonçalves , Pessoa Milene Cristine , do Carmo Ariene Silva , Mendes Larissa Loures , Ribeiro Andréia Queiroz
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To examine the association between urban food environment and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) by older adults from a medium-sized Brazilian city.

Design:

Cross-sectional study based on data related to (1) objective assessment of establishments with predominant sale of unprocessed/minimally processed foods, mixed establishments and establishments with predominant sale of ultra-processed foods; (2) regular consumption of FV (≥ 5 times/week), health and socio-demographic variables of community-dwelling older adults. Tertiles of proximity between food establishments and older adults’ residence were calculated. Poisson generalised estimating equations with robust variance, adjusted for individual and contextual variables, were used to estimate the independent association between the proximity of establishments and regular consumption of FV.

Setting:

Medium-sized Brazilian city.

Subjects:

Representative sample of community-dwelling older adults (n 549).

Results:

Older adults travelled the longest distances to establishments with predominant sale of unprocessed/minimally processed foods. The longer the distance to establishments with predominant sale of unprocessed/minimally processed foods, the lower the prevalence of regular consumption of FV (tertile 2: prevalence ratio (PR) = 0·86; 95 % CI = 0·74, 0·99; tertile 3: PR = 0·84; 95 % CI = 0·72, 0·97). Older adults living larger distance tertiles from establishments with predominant sale of ultra-processed foods, mixed establishments or all categories of establishments had 16 % (PR = 0·84; 95 % CI = 0·73, 0·96), 19 % (PR = 0·81; 95 % CI = 0·71, 0·93) and 19 % (PR = 0·81; 95 % CI = 0·70, 0·94) lower prevalence of regular consumption of FV, respectively.

Conclusion:

The food environment is associated with regular consumption of FV among older adults. Longer distances from the residence of older adults to food establishments are independently associated with lower prevalence of regular consumption of FV.
Shelved Forever? How the Pandemic has Helped Flick the Digital Switch
Authors: Breslin Jas
Published: December 2020

This article argues that a migration from print resources to electronic access is required to democratise access to legal information for lawyers, and that resource managers should seize this opportunity to ‘go digital’ while lawyers are more accepting of change and open to new technologies as a result of forced changes to working practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. The author, Jas Breslin, a law library professional with 20-plus years of experience, explains how the sector is now grasping the nettle.
Saved by Dissections. The Popularity of Jigsaw Puzzles in Times of Calm and of Crisis. Are Librarians Dissectologists and What Might We Learn from the Bigger Picture?
Authors: Million Alison
Published: December 2020

In the 1760s a newly qualified apprentice to the King's Geographer hit upon the idea of cutting up maps for children to assemble as a geographical teaching aid. Dissected maps remain popular to this day in their evolved form as jigsaw puzzles. This article, written by Alison Million during the Covid-19 lockdown when jigsaws have exploded in popularity, looks at their history and at research projects which have established their cognitive benefits or have used them as an inexpensive non-digital tool. By considering papers written on librarians’ thinking styles and on personality it seeks to establish with the help of a short survey whether parallels might exist between the cognitive skillsets of the jigsaw puzzler and those of the librarian.
Cross-Cultural and Environmental Influences on Facial Emotional Discrimination Sensitivity in 9-Year-Old Children from Swiss and Vietnamese Schools
Authors: Malsert Jennifer , Tran Khanh , Tran Tu Anh Thi , Ha-Vinh Tho , Gentaz Edouard , Leuchter Russia Ha-Vinh
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Other Race Effect (ORE), i.e., recognition facilitation for own-race faces, is a well-established phenomenon with broad evidence in adults and infants. Nevertheless, the ORE in older children is poorly understood, and even less so for emotional face processing. This research samples 87 9-year-old children from Vietnamese and Swiss schools. In two separate studies, we evaluated the children’s abilities to perceive the disappearance of emotions in Asian and Caucasian faces in an offset task. The first study evaluated an “emotional ORE” in Vietnamese-Asian, Swiss-Caucasian, and Swiss-Multicultural children. Offset times showed an emotional ORE in Vietnamese-Asian children living in an ethnically homogeneous environment, whereas mixed ethnicities in Swiss children seem to have balanced performance between face types. The second study compared socioemotionally trained versus untrained Vietnamese-Asian children. Vietnamese children showed a strong emotional ORE and tend to increase their sensitivity to emotion offset after training. Moreover, an effect of emotion consistent with previous observation in adults could suggest a cultural sensitivity to disapproval signs. Taken together, the results suggest that 9-year-old children can present an emotional ORE, but that a heterogeneous environment or an emotional training could strengthen face-processing abilities without reducing skills on their own-group.
Mount Everest Can Sometimes Feel Lower Than K2
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: December 2020

Variations in air pressure on the top of Mount Everest affect oxygen availability, changing the perceived elevation of the summit by hundreds of meters.
Kauri Tree‐Ring Stable Isotopes Reveal a Centennial Climate Downturn Following the Antarctic Cold Reversal in New Zealand
Authors: Pauly M. , Turney C. S. M. , Palmer J. G. , Büntgen U. , Brauer A. , Helle G.
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of the Late Glacial have been demonstrated by numerous records from the Northern Hemisphere and far fewer from the Southern Hemisphere (SH). SH paleoclimate records reveal a general warming trend, interrupted by a deglaciation pause Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; ∼14,700–13,000 cal BP). Here, we present decadal tree‐ring stable isotope chronologies (δ18O, δ13C) from New Zealand (NZ) subfossil kauri trees (n = 6) covering the post‐ACR millennium from 13,020 to 11,850 cal BP. We find a distinct, simultaneous downturn (∼12,625–12,375 cal BP) in all tree‐ring proxies paralleling regional tree growth declines, suggesting a widespread climate deterioration. This downturn was characterized by sustained high precipitation, low temperatures, and high relative humidity in NZ with incoming weather fronts from the South Ocean. Despite these promising results, questions remain about what drove the Kauri Downturn and how the hydroclimatic conditions were altered during this time period.
Publisher Correction: Exogenously overexpressed intronic long noncoding RNAs activate host gene expression by affecting histone modification in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Zhang-Wei , Zhao Nan , Su Yin-Na , Chen Shan-Shan , He Xin-Jian
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Genipin-cross-linked hydrogels based on biomaterials for drug delivery: a review
Authors: Yu Yibin , Xu Shuo , Li Sanming , Pan Hao
Published: December 2020

Genipin, a natural cross-linker, has been broadly used to cross-link biomaterials with primary amine groups. This review summarizes the recent advances related to the genipin-cross-linked hydrogels and their pharmaceutical applications.
Assessing changes in the expression levels of cell surface proteins with a turn-on fluorescent molecular probe
Authors: Hatai Joydev , Prasad Pragati Kishore , Lahav-Mankovski Naama , Oppenheimer-Low Noa , Unger Tamar , Sirkis Yael Fridmann , Dadosh Tali , Motiei Leila , Margulies David
Published: December 2020

A turn on fluorescent molecular probe was used to assess changes in the expression level of His-tagged cell surface proteins in living bacteria.
A superficial sulfur interfacial control strategy for the fabrication of a sulfur/carbon composite for potassium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Hu Lei , Meng Xianghe , Liu Lingli , Liang Dewei , Liang Sheng , Wang Li-Li , Yang Lei , Ding Tao , Deng Chonghai , Dong Qiang
Published: December 2020

Sulfur/carbon composite were successfully fabricated by interfacial control strategy, superficial sulfur was effectively removed by optimizing the ratio and amount of mixed solvents, thereby operating well in carbonate-based electrolytes.
Theoretical evaluation of the carbene-based site-selectivity in gold(iii)-catalyzed annulations of alkynes with anthranils
Authors: Wang Kaifeng , Wu Qiao , Bi Siwei , Liu Lingjun , Chen Guang , Li Yulin , James Tony D. , Liu Yuxia
Published: December 2020

The mechanisms and origins of multiple-site selectivities of versatile gold(iii)-catalyzed annulations of alkynes with anthranils are theoretically unraveled.
From pipemidic acid molecular salts to metal complexes and BioMOFs using mechanochemistry
Authors: Zábranský Martin , Alves Paula C. , Bravo Catarina , Duarte M. Teresa , André Vânia
Published: December 2020

Mechanochemistry has proven to be an excellent sustainable, efficient and fast tool for the discovery of new crystal forms of old drugs.
Development of lock-in based overtone modulated MARY spectroscopy for detection of weak magnetic field effects
Authors: Konowalczyk Marcin , Foster Vander Elst Olivia , Storey Jonathan G.
Published: December 2020

A covolutional model for the effect of broad modulated stimulus (magnetic field) is developed by considering the curvature of the underlying transfer function (magnetosensitivity profile).
Direct laser cooling schemes for the triatomic SOH and SeOH molecules based on ab initio electronic properties
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Chuan-Lu , Sun Zhao-Peng , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang
Published: December 2020

Direct laser cooling schemes are constructed for the triatomic SOH and SeOH molecules by using a newly developed method to identify polyatomic molecules suitable for direct laser cooling and to calculate the Franck–Condon factors.
A novel antimicrobial technology to enhance food safety and quality of leafy vegetables using engineered water nanostructures
Authors: Huang Runze , Vaze Nachiket , Soorneedi Anand , Moore Matthew D. , Luo Yaguang , Poverenov Elena , Rodov Victor , Demokritou Philip
Published: December 2020

Here, we report a novel, “dry”, nano-aerosol-based, antimicrobial technology using engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) for leafy vegetable disinfection.
A fluorescent porous covalent-organic polymer (COP-3) for highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Han , Ding Guan-yu , Cui Dong-xu , Yousaf Afifa , Chen Li , Wang Xin-Long , Shan Guo-Gang , Sun Chun-Yi , Su Zhong-Min
Published: December 2020

A novel COP exhibits excellent performance in sensing Fe3+ at the ppb level, with high cyclicity and anti-interfere ability.
Correction: The dual-defect passivation role of lithium bromide doping in reducing the nonradiative loss in CsPbX3 (X = Br and I) quantum dots
Authors: Wu Hao , Qiu Jianbei , Wang Jing , Wen Yugeng , Wang Qi , Long Zhangwen , Zhou Dacheng , Yang Yong , Wang Dazhao
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘The dual-defect passivation role of lithium bromide doping in reducing the nonradiative loss in CsPbX3 (X = Br and I) quantum dots’ by Hao Wu et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01262a.
Correction: Aggregation-induced phosphorescence sensitization in two heptanuclear and decanuclear gold–silver sandwich clusters
Authors: Lu Zhou , Yang Yu-Jie , Ni Wen-Xiu , Li Mian , Zhao Yifang , Huang Yong-Liang , Luo Dong , Wang Xiaoping , Omary Mohammad A. , Li Dan
Published: December 2020

Correction for ‘Aggregation-induced phosphorescence sensitization in two heptanuclear and decanuclear gold–silver sandwich clusters’ by Zhou Lu et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05095d.
Comparison between the first and second mass eruptions from progenitors of Type IIn supernovae
Authors: Kuriyama Naoto , Shigeyama Toshikazu
Published: December 2020

Context. Some massive stars experience episodic and intense mass loss phases with fluctuations in the luminosity. Ejected material forms circumstellar matter around the star, and the subsequent core collapse results in a Type IIn supernova that is characterized by interaction between supernova ejecta and circumstellar matter. The energy source that triggers these mass eruptions and dynamics of the outflow have not been clearly explained. Moreover, the mass eruption itself can alter the density structure of the envelope and affect the dynamics of the subsequent mass eruption if these events are repeated. A large amount of observational evidence suggests multiple mass eruptions prior to core collapse.

Aims. We investigate the density structure of the envelope altered by the first mass eruption and the nature of the subsequent second mass eruption event in comparison with the first event.

Methods. We deposited extra energy at the bottom of the hydrogen envelope of 15 M⊙ stars twice and calculated the time evolution by radiation hydrodynamical simulation code. We did not deal with the origin of the energy source, but focused on the dynamics of repeated mass eruptions from a single massive star.

Results. There are significant differences between the first and second mass eruptions in terms of the luminosity, color, and amount of produced circumstellar matter. The second eruption leads to a redder burst event in which the associated brightening phase lasts longer than the first. The amount of ejected matter is different even with the same deposited energy in the first and second event, but the difference depends on the density structure of the star.

Conclusions. Upcoming high cadence and deep transient surveys will provide us a lot of pre-supernova activities, and some of which might show multi-peaked light curves. These should be interpreted taking the effect of density structure altered by the preceding outburst events into consideration.
Edge-on boxes with X-features as parts of galactic bars
Authors: Patsis P. A. , Xilouris E. M. , Alikakos J. , Athanassoula E.
Published: December 2020

Context. This paper is a contribution to the discussion about whether the X/peanut component is part of the bar, or the bar itself.

Aims. Our goal is to present a clear-cut case of a barred-spiral galaxy in which all structural components (i.e. the thick and thin part of the bar and the spiral arms) can be observed in its image and their dimensions directly measured there.

Methods. We obtained deep images of the nearby galaxy NGC 352, which has an ideal inclination allowing us to observe all of the parts that compose its morphology, estimate their relative sizes, and determine the topology of the luminous matter of this galaxy. We successfully compare our findings with the existence and the relative dimensions of the corresponding components encountered in the disc of a GADGET N-body model.

Results. NGC 352 is a barred spiral galaxy with a bar of about 13 kpc radius. Its bar has a central thick part that extends up to a distance about 5 kpc from the centre of the galaxy along its major axis, while its thickness reaches a height of 3.8 kpc. Thus, the thick part of the bar occupies the central part of the bar component, and its length is about 40% of that of the thin bar. The branches of the X-feature are characterised by the presence of ‘hooks’ at their extremities. The profile along the major axis of the bar is characterised by the presence of ‘shoulders’, the end of which is associated with local surface brightness enhancements on the equatorial plane. A central disc with a spiral-like feature embedded in it dominates in the innermost 1.7 kpc.

Conclusions. NGC 352 offers a case in which we directly observe that the X/peanut component is unambiguously part of the bar. This boxy structure is neither a separate bulge component nor the bar itself. The relative extent of the peanut with respect to the bar is well inside the range predicted in the majority of the simulated N-body bars. The hooks of the X-feature and the local surface brightness enhancements on the equatorial plane have their counterparts in surface density features of models based on the orbital theory, as well as of models based on response calculations and of fully selfconsistent N-body calculations.
Applying Newton’s second order optimization method to define transition keys between planar coordinate systems
Authors: Bykasov D.A. , Zubov A.V. , Mustafin M.G.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the theoretical component of Newton’s second-order method, its main advantages and disadvantages when used in geodesy. The algorithm for determining the minimum of target functions by the Newton method of the second order was studied and analyzed in detail. Parameters of connection between flat rectangular coordinate systems are calculated. The task of determining the transition keys is relevant for geodesy. Comparative analysis of Newton’s method with the method of conjugated gradients was carried out. The algorithm for solving this problem was implemented in the Visual Basic for Applications software environment. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the Newton method can be used more widely in geodesy, especially in solving nonlinear optimization problems. However, the successful implementation of the method in geodetic production is possible only if the computational process is automated, by writing software modules in various programming languages to solve a specific problem.
Response of structure models to sinusoidal dynamic action
Authors: Yurchenko E.E. , Yurchenko E.A. , Kakosyan A.A. , Ovchinnikova L.U. , Yurchenko V.E. , Birukbaev E.K.
Published: December 2020

The use of small-sized models of structures printed on 3-D printers is possible due to the electroelastic properties of ABS plastic. A comparison of their reactions with analogs made of plexiglas, used in studies of concrete structures, was made. The influence of the environment - water or sea sand, support conditions - free support or pinching, shape - simple or complex in planon the response of models from two different materials was investigated. The laboratory setup simulated a dynamic sinusoidal effect using: a digital frequency generator from 1 to 10000 Hz, an acoustic system diffuser, a microphone amplifier, two electrodes, and a computer in a two-channel oscilloscope mode. The vibration characteristics at the base and top of the models were recorded. The experimental system turned out to be sensitive to the shape, methods of fastening elements, the structure as a whole, and the medium of wave propagation. The response was analyzed in terms of the dynamic compliance coefficient and resonance frequencies, reflecting the similarity of the responses of the plexiglas and ABS models. Printing will allow you to adjust the shape and connections of the elements of the models so that they work like mechanical resonators – filters - in a narrow band. No resonances are expected outside this band. In the operated structures, the quality of the element connections is reproduced. Changing the existing rigidity to obtain resonances in a narrow band can serve as a criterion for choosing an effective amplification method.
Sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the maxima of the optimization problem in the framework of a stochastic model with priorities depending on one random variable
Authors: Neumerzhitskaia N , Uglich S , Volosatova T
Published: December 2020

An objective function arising in the optimization problem of a quasilinear complex system with dependent priorities is considered. In the case of three priorities based on the results of one experiment, sufficient conditions are obtained for all stationary points of the objective function under consideration to be local maximum points.
Application of quasilinear and CGA models for designing significantly nonlinear control systems
Authors: Neydorf R , Gaiduk A , Kudinov N , Dolgov V
Published: December 2020

To create control systems, mathematical models of objects are required, which often have to be obtained experimentally. In this case, the numerical data of experiments on the identification of essentially nonlinear objects can be satisfactorily approximated only in certain areas, which leads to fragmentary models that are not analytical. In these cases, when only fragmentary models are adequate, it is proposed to apply the new Cut-Glue approximation method, which allows obtaining a model with analytical properties. The proposed approach to the unification of the Cut-Glue approximation method is demonstrated by solving the problem of synthesizing a nonlinear airship altitude control system and studying it.
Usage of the machine learning to organize time series and find anomalies
Authors: Kopyrin A.S. , Vidishcheva E.V. , Dreizis Yu.I.
Published: December 2020

The subject of the study is the process of collecting, preparing, and searching for anomalies on data from heterogeneous sources. Economic information is naturally heterogeneous and semi-structured or unstructured. This makes pre-processing of input dynamic data an important prerequisite for the detection of significant patterns and knowledge in the subject area, so the topic of research is relevant. Pre-processing of data is several unique problems that have led to the emergence of various algorithms and heuristic methods for solving such pre-processing problems as merging and cleaning and identifying variables. In this work, an algorithm for preprocessing and searching for anomalies using LSTM is formulated, which allows you to consolidate into a single database and structure information by time series from different sources, as well as search for anomalies in an automated mode. A key modification of the preprocessing method proposed by the authors is the technology of automated data integration. The technology proposed by the authors involves the joint use of methods for building a fuzzy time series and machine lexical matching on a thesaurus network, as well as the use of a universal database built using the MIVAR concept. The preprocessing algorithm forms a single data model with the possibility of transforming the periodicity and semantics of the data set and integrating into a single information bank data that can come from various sources.
Comparison of the efficiency of neural network algorithms in recognition and classification problems
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey , Lyapin Alexandr , Beskopylny Nikita , Kadomtseva Elena
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of comparing the effectiveness of feedforward (FF) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithms in the problems of handwritten digit recognition and classification. In recent years, the attention of many researchers to the FF and CNN algorithms has given rise to many hybrid models focused on solving specific problems. At the same time, the efficiency of each algorithm in terms of accuracy and labour intensity remains unclear. It is shown that in classical problems, FFs can have advantages over CNN in terms of labour intensity with the same accuracy of results. Using the handwritten digits data from the MNIST database as an example, it is shown that FF algorithms provide greater accuracy and require less computation time than CNN.
Modeling the information security management system (ISMS) of a medical organization
Authors: Safonova O.M. , Kotelnikov N.V.
Published: December 2020

The implementation of information security systems is one of the main components, without which the existence of any modern medical institution is impossible. This question is actual for the healthcare industry. This is confirmed by the presence of large-scale measures that are being implemented as part of the Russian Federation’s healthcare modernization program. But the result of informatization is not always achieved easily and successfully. This process includes the equipment of the technical support of the organization and the fragmentary implementation of information systems to the full informatization of medical institutions with the introduction of full-featured medical information systems. Informatization of healthcare organizations makes it possible to systematize a large amount of information. In turn, this requires the implementation of personal data protection systems, storage, archiving and access to this data. The introduction of these systems into the healthcare industry of the Russian Federation has recently entered a new stage. It has complex tasks to integrate new technologies that provide information security to medicine. So, the most pressing problem of the medical industry is information protection, that is, the creation of an ISMS (information security management system).
Post-Quantum Cryptosystem NTRUEnCrypt and Its Advantage over Pre – Quantum Cryptosystem RSA
Authors: Cherckesova Larissa , Safaryan Olga , Razumov Pavel , Kravchenko Veronica , Morozov Sergey , Popov Alexey
Published: December 2020

Cryptography is inextricably linked to the transfer of data, and in addition to ensuring user authorization; it is designed to guarantee the integrity of the transmitted information and its confidentiality. The cryptographic system NTRUEncrypt is able to provide the necessary level of security at an extremely low cost, while possessing high speeds and low memory requirements. This is the main reason for the attractiveness of the NTRUEncrypt cryptosystem and its widespread use at present. The goal of this work is to develop a software application that implements the NTRUEncrypt cryptosystem in a modern high level C # programming language.
The practice of using one-time passwords in modern corporate information systems
Authors: Landyshev V , Blinovskaya T , Krakhmalev D
Published: December 2020

One-time password (OTP) systems, or one-time passwords, are an authentication method in which the user is provided with a password that is active only for one login session or transaction in an information system. Currently, the systems are not implemented in their pure form, but are one of the components in multi-factor authentication systems. Despite its widespread use in the financial sector, a one-time password does not guarantee secure login authentication.
Mathematical modeling of lithodynamic processes
Authors: Bondareva E.V.
Published: December 2020

A mathematical model for beach reshaping in the vicinity of transverse hydraulic structures has been developed on the basis of the developed unified approach for determining the alongshore transport of heterogeneous sediments as applied to the conditions of pebble and sandy beaches.
Modelling of water quality management in the sea coastal zone
Authors: Dreizis Y.I.
Published: December 2020

Coastal territories are one of the most dynamically developing regions. Sea resorts focused on recreational and tourist activities are developing especially quickly. For such territories, their ecological status, especially the quality of coastal zone water resources, plays an important role in their sustainable development. Analysis of physical factors of water exchange and assessment of water resources quality of the coastal zone of the sea, including in closed and semi-enclosed water areas, was carried out. It has been shown that water exchange is the most important factor in the management of the quality of marine waters of partially enclosed coastal areas. 0-dimensional and system-dynamic models were used to analyze water exchange in the coastal zone of the sea. Results of studies made it possible to assess the circulation of coastal marine waters and the change in certain indicators of the quality of water resources, including in the presence of various coastal protection construction.
Practical modeling of non-stationary temperature fields of fiber-optic gyroscopes in space flight conditions
Authors: Pankratov V M , Barulina M. A. , Golikov A V , Pankratova E V , Efremov M V
Published: December 2020

Based on the mathematical model presented in the first part of this paper, specialized software was created and computer modeling of nonstationary inhomogeneous temperature fields in a fiber-optic gyroscope was performed. The simulation aimed to analyze the temperature distribution in the gyroscope structural elements, especially in the fiber-optic coil and the electronics unit, since temperature fluctuations in them are one of the main sources of device errors. To achieve this goal, a three-dimensional unsteady field was calculated in a fiber-optic gyroscope. Based on the results of computer modeling, comparative data on the temperature distribution in the gyroscope structural elements on earth and orbital flight conditions, and the degree of influence of space and zero-gravity conditions are obtained.
Application of the extended poroacoustic model of marine sediments to the calculation of the sound reflection coefficient from the seabed
Authors: Lisyutin V , Yaroshenko A , Lastovenko O
Published: December 2020

The article consider the application of the extended poroacoustic theory of the propagation of stress waves in marine sediments to the calculation of the coefficient of sound reflection from the seabed. It is proposed to calculate the reflection coefficient using a simple acoustic formula, replacing the equilibrium density of the porous medium in it with the effective density. The main assumptions are given and the dispersion relations of the extended poroacoustic model of unconsolidated marine sediments are derived (GSED). Model GSED allows calculating the frequency dependences of the propagation velocity and the attenuation coefficients of sound and shear waves in marine sediments. Internal friction between granules and viscous losses due to relative fluid movement are taken into account. The adequacy of GSED model is shown by comparison with experimental data taken from open sources. The results of calculating the reflection coefficient within the framework of the proposed method are compared with experimental data.
Markov model of data measurement complex for track geometry car
Authors: Pogorelov V , Chub E
Published: December 2020

A stochastic model of a nonadjustable data measurement complex platform for track geometry cars is introduced. A state vector evaluation algorithm based on the approximation of a posteriori probability density by the system of a posteriori moments is also offered.
Mathematical modeling in task of optimal managing by savings in the middle class
Authors: Derevyankina P.O.
Published: December 2020

Consumption and saving balance issues in the middle class, as the most economically active cluster of society, are the subject of extensive expert discussion and require systematic government regulation. The present paper deals with mathematical model of middle class differentiation by savings which dynamics is described by initial boundary value problem with a parabolic equation. This study aims to investigate a case of savings regulation by changing of non-savers share. The paper presents formulation this problem as an optimal boundary control problem for distributed system of savings. Based on the Lagrange principle, the necessary conditions for the solvability of the problem are derived in the form of an optimization system. The optimal control law establishing the relationship between the non-savers share and the structure of the middle class in terms of savings is obtained. The paper also considers an approach to the numerical implementation of the optimal control model in the Comsol Multiphysics simulation software. An example of model calculating for a region of Russia based on real data is given.
Algorithm for constructing hedging strategies by means of Haar interpolations in the framework of the stochastic model of a one-step financial market
Authors: Tsvetkova I.
Published: December 2020

A stochastic model of a one-step financial market with a countable number of states is constructed. A description of the computational processes that are necessary for the development of a software package intended for calculating the components of hedging portfolios that replicate Markov-type financial obligations is presented.
Development of the sphere of recreation and tourism - direction of digital transformation “Smart City”
Authors: Baranova A. , Vorobey E.
Published: December 2020

The concept of “smart city” is becoming more and more popular. Analysis of the literature showed that the meaning of the word “smart city” is multifaceted. The authors are similar in that the implementation of tasks under the concept of “smart city” will lead to economic growth of the territory and achieve high quality of life through the active introduction of information technology in the processes of life support. The majority of publications deal with the development of a “smart city” as a municipality and provide a method of ranking them by digitalization levels. This article uses the example of the recreation and tourism sector as an example to offer an assessment of digitalization within the industry, which will reveal competitive organizations within the industry. The article substantiates that the sphere of recreation and tourism as a direction of digital transformation of “smart resort” is a driver of development and implementation of IT technologies. And this will lead to the future development of “smart city” as a whole.
Smart city in the global system of developmental governance
Authors: Molchanova V.A.
Published: December 2020

The study aims to analyze the rise of the smart city as a global project for the improvement of the territorial governance of social and economic development in late capitalist society. By using the methodology of the French regulation school, the author shows that political and economic significance of the smart city projects is defined by their role in the global network of information exchange characteristic of the post-Fordist regime of accumulation. Through the analysis of the smart city’s role in stimulating innovations and maintaining the consumption patterns needed for the continuing market growth the present research demonstrates the objective necessity of installation of the city-centered system of global developmental governance.
Designing a dictionary of patterns of destructive utterances in the task of identifying destructive information influence
Authors: Okhapkina E.P. , Okhapkin V.P. , Iskhakova A.O. , Iskhakov A.Y.
Published: December 2020

Due to the high level of tension in modern society, social networks are widely used for destructive management of the information space. This aspect of the use of social networks has become particularly important in the light of events taking place in the world (Hong Kong, Syria, France and Ukraine). According to statistics, about 50% of politicized active groups of social networks are subjects to targeted control actions aimed at spreading negative moods in the political sphere. The escalation of conflicts in society generates the most dangerous type of destructive information influence (DII) that require rapid, large-scale coordination of participants in order to attract new supporters and their organizations. Massive DII on the participants of social networks groups exacerbated the problem of promptly identifying the facts of influence, and created serious prerequisites for the development and improvement of methods and means of identifying DII in social networks. The relevance of this problem is due to the existence of a number of methodological and technological problems in the subject area under consideration, one of them is the lack of patterns of network messages containing elements of DII. In the study, the authors consider an approach to designing a dictionary of patterns of destructive utterances.
Digital technologies for organizing the intelligent learning environment
Authors: Dashkina A I , Kobicheva A M , Odinokaya M , Tarkhov D. A.
Published: December 2020

This article describes the problem of computer simulation of the educational process at a research university. We consider some models and methods of organizing the intelligent learning environment described by a number of researchers. We also come up with a few ideas of creating an intelligent learning environment and organizing the learning process, such as a hierarchical educational system, the model of which was tested in our previous studies.
Prospective applications of new technologies and artificial intelligence for systematizing the results of intellectual activity
Authors: Novoselova L , Grin E
Published: December 2020

The article addresses the prospects of using distributed ledger technologies – blockchain and artificial intelligence – for the purpose of systematizing the rights to the results of intellectual activity for their subsequent commercialization. The authors describe the key characteristics of the distributed ledger technology and review various legal problems pertaining to the use of blockchain technologies. The authors draw conclusions regarding the prospects of using blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies as measures for rapid prevention and elimination of intellectual rights violations. They also express their views on the process of commercializing intellectual property and reducing the number of conflicts related to the inclusion of intellectual property objects into distributed ledger systems. The article was prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of the research “Scientific and methodological support for the development of theoretical and applied legal structures (models) of accounting and disposal of rights to the results of intellectual activity (technology transfer)
The effect of biologization of growing wine grapes on the microbocenosis of a vineyard
Authors: Klimenko N
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of a microbiological study of soil samples selected in the vineyard in the berry growth stage in 20162017, aimed at studying the number of bacteria of the main ecological and trophic groups involved in the transformation of soil organic matter. It is shown that the combined use of microbial preparations and grassing contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of the grape. Thus, the greatest number of ammonifying, amylolytic and oligonitrophilic bacteria were observed against the background of bluegrass grassing: the excess of control was 2.9, 1.3 and 1.2 times, respectively. At the same time, it was revealed that in comparison with the control, the number of phosphate-mobilizing and oligotrophic bacteria was greatest in natural grassing.
Planting depth - effective agricultural practice perventing lodging of seedstalks of onion seeds
Authors: Lazko V. E. , Yakimova O V
Published: December 2020

At the breeding site of the winter onion variety Ellan, the effect of the planting depth of mother bulbs of two fractions on lodging of stems and seed productivity was studied. It was found that in winter, with the depth of planting the bulbs in the soil horizon, the processes of differentiation and the formation of microstalks noticeably slow down, and the biochemical composition of the bulbs shows a decrease in the activity of metabolic processes. Thanks to this and the buffering properties of the soil, the safety of plants in winter is very high when planted to a depth of 15 cm. Deeper planting has a negative effect on the growth of leaves. At a planting depth of 15-20 cm, the stems remain upright due to the soil layer. The angle of inclination of 82 ... 86% of the stems is not more than 450 and occupies no more than 50 cm of the width of the projection of the row. When planted to a depth of 10 cm, the stems crumble, agronomic measures, the phytosanitary state of seed production and harvesting are hampered. It was found that the effect of bulb size on seed productivity of one stem is 42%. The increase in planting for the yield of one plant and the yield is 44 ... 45%. When setting seed onions, it is recommended to plant uterine bulbs to a depth of 15 cm. This planting depth ensures the maximum safety of the bulbs in winter, excludes lodging of the stems and the maximum possible seed yield. There is no need for additional hilling or tying of the stems, as with a planting depth of 10 cm.
In vitromodelling of salinity stress for the selection of stress-tolerant birch lines
Authors: Tabatskaya T M , Mashkina O S , Korchagin O M
Published: December 2020

This paper examines the salinity stress effectin vitroculture of microshoots of 10 birch clones:Betula pendulaL.,B. pendulaRoth var.carelica(Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti,B. pendulaf. ’dalecarlica’(L.f.) Schneid.,B. pubescensEhrh. We used economically valuable and genetically diverse (various species, varieties, hybrids, polyploids) birch material fromin vitroclone collection. We tested 3in vitroselection methods on 1/2 MS hormone-free nutrient medium: mild – with a prolonged exposure to 0.2% NaCl; gradual – with a step-by-step increase in osmotic concentration (from 0.2% to 1%); severe – with a sublethal (1%) NaCl concentration. We established that the gradual method of NaCl exposure according to the following pattern: 0.2% → 0% → 0.5% → 0% → 0.75% → 0% → 1.0% resulted in the best selective effect for birch, as it provides a clear differentiation of clones in terms of their salinity tolerance. We identified that the genotype had a significant impact on the preservation of the explants and their ability to regenerate under salinity stress. The study showed that tetraploid clones of downy birch and a triploid clone of Karelian birch of a pronounced mixoploid nature had the greatest salinity tolerance.
Morphometric variability of wild honey bees of the mountain forest zone of Crimea as a material for breeding
Authors: Bykova T. O. , Krivozubov A S , Ivashov A V , Sattarov V N , Safonkin A F , Triseleva T. A. , Soloviev A M , Emirsinov I S
Published: December 2020

The results of studies of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) from two points are presented: from a bee colony captured near the Tankovoye village (this swarm was found by a local resident an entrepreneur, the owner of the private nursery “Orekhovod – practitioner” I.S. Emirsinov) and bees captured in the vicinity of Sugut-Oba mountain (Burus) from a swarm captured about 25 km to the southeast of Belogorsk and west of the Feodosia height. Measurements of morphometric features were carried out using the method of V.V. Alpatov (1948), the method of F. Ruttner (2006) was used to identify the morphotypes and the width of the hairline of worker bees. The phenotypic homogeneity of bee colonies from the Tankovoye village was revealed by morphotypes and the width of the hairline on the abdomen of worker bees in the presence of a variety of classical morphometric characters. At the same time, one phenotype characterized by morphotype O (light brown coloration of chitinous integuments on the abdomen) and a narrow hairline f was registered. The presence of this phenotype characterizes the compliance with the breed standards of Apis mellifera caucasica (gray mountain Caucasian), Apis mellifera carpatica (Carpathian) or Apis mellifera carnica (Carniolan), i.e. breeds with a gray abdomen. Molecular genetic analysis of the mtDNA COI site showed the homogeneity of the sample of wild bees captured near the Tankovoye village and their proximity to the Vuchkovskaya line of the Carpathian breed.