bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiências monárquicas no Mundo Grego: os casos micênico e homérico
Authors: André Alessandra
Published: February 2018

Apesar dos discursos provenientes do mundo da pólis relegarem a monarquia a uma tipologia de governo distante dos gregos, e reduzirem a importância desta, a verdade é que este sistema de governo se fez presente por diversos momentos durante a história política da Grécia. Nomenclaturas diferentes como, ánax, basileus, monarca ou týrannos, representam essa forma de governo que reunia nas mãos de um único homem o poder político. Neste artigo, analisaremos de forma geral duas destas monarquias, a micênica e a homérica, tendo como foco a imagem do monarca. A partir da figura do ánax e do basileus homérico, nosso principal objetivo é estabelecer um quadro comparativo entre as duas primeiras formas de realezas gregas.
Diferentes percepções da pesquisa histórica
Authors: Pohlmann Janira Feliciano
Published: February 2018

Resenha de: FUNARI, Pedro Paulo A.; CARVALHO, Margarida Maria de; JOSÉ, Natália Frazão (Org.). Diversidades epistemológicas: a teoria aplicada à pesquisa histórica. Curitiba: Prismas, 2016. 401 p.
Educação Ambiental e construção de aprendizagens: um olhar bioecológico
Authors: Basegio Antonio Carlos , Conte Elaine , Bersch Ângela Adriane Schmidt , Yunes Maria Angela Mattar
Published: February 2018

O desafio deste trabalho é desenvolver aprendizagens evolutivas de incentivo às múltiplas linguagens e aos processos de construção de conhecimentos na relação homem-animal, sob a perspectiva da Educação Ambiental (EA), na tentativa de superar reducionismos e fragilidades desta interdependência vital no mundo. O ensaio apresenta um estudo de caso, no qual participaram dois grupos de cinco estudantes com necessidades educativas especiais. Buscou-se nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da teoria bioecológica, uma forma de educação humanizadora em contextos de aprendizagens socioconstrutivistas, tendo em vista que a ecologia e a integração participativa do homem em relação à natureza trazem em seu bojo novas reivindicações.
Feminismos, Imagens e Educação: análise visual das representações femininas nas capas dos cadernos universitários da marca Tilibra
Authors: Silva Carolina Vendrame da , Baliscei João Paulo , Calsa Geiva Carolina
Published: February 2018

As visualidades contemporâneas oferecem significados que balizam as maneiras como as identidades de gênero são formatadas. Quais são as representações de gênero oferecidas nas visualidades dos cadernos universitários? A partir desse questionamento, elaboramos um artigo com delineamentos bibliográfico e documental cujo objetivo é examinar as representações de feminilidades que as visualidades universitárias têm ajudado a construir. Constituído por 13 cadernos da marca Tilibra, o corpus de análise foi investigado à guisa dos Estudos Culturais e da Cultura Visual e dividido em quatro eixos analíticos. Por fim, ressaltamos e problematizamos as belezas, corpos e comportamentos (des)valorizados nos e pelos cadernos universitários.
O livro digital infantil: análise do livro-aplicativo Pequenos Grandes Contos de Verdade
Authors: Matsuda Alice Atsuko , Conte Jaqueline
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo tecer considerações a respeito do livro digital interativo para crianças, suas características e potencial para a educação literária, tomando como objeto de estudo o livro-aplicativo Pequenos grandes contos de verdade, vencedor do Prêmio Jabuti, na categoria Infantil Digital, no ano de 2016. Primeiramente, apresentamos um apanhado geral do livro digital voltado ao público infantil e juvenil para, em seguida, descrever o livro digital ganhador do Prêmio Jabuti de 2016, analisando alguns aspectos de sua composição. Posteriormente, discutimos o uso dos aparelhos eletrônicos móveis, a sua materialidade e acesso, para, então, oferecermos algumas conclusões.
Música em narrativas digitais para crianças: contribuições para a mediação leitora
Authors: Moraes Giselly Lima
Published: February 2018

O texto traz uma análise sobre os modos como a música está presente na literatura digital desde suas formas de operabilidade até sua função na narrativa. Foram analisados dezenas delivros-aplicativos para crianças, tendo como suporte teórico as contribuições da narratologia e de investigações sobre a multimodalidade na literatura infantil. O estudo identifica formas de uso da música como elemento importante para a construção da narrativa, constituindo-se em um recurso que acrescenta valor à imagem e ao texto, de forma a antecipar informações ao leitor no âmbito paratextual, ajudar a estruturar o relato, bem como para compor personagens e estabelecer relações intertextuais e multimodais.
Cultura Infantil, Carrinhos & Automobilidade
Authors: Dutra Cristian Pedro Rubini , Müller Fernanda
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo analisa comerciais de televisão, filmes e desenhos animados de carrinhos de brinquedo, inspirado pelas teorias da automobilidade de John Urry e Mimi Sheller A automobilidade é um sistema que envolve inúmeras sociedades no uso do automóvel particular e influencia tanto o planejamento urbano como a organização da vida social. Os carrinhos podem ser vistos como representantes deste sistema no universo lúdico e cultural das crianças, sendo influenciados por fenômenos típicos desta forma de mobilidade e de suas modificações em cada época. Por meio de uma tipificação de carrinhos que não se pretende fixa, o trabalho explicita como cada um é influenciado pelo sistema da automobilidade e suas representações simbólicas.
A Study on the Development of a Life-Focused Foreign Language Acquisition Scale for Preschool Children: English Sample
Authors: Uslu Banu , Çağdaş Aysel
Published: February 2018

Designing scales for preschool children in order to promote their foreign language acquisition is a complex struggle that likely involves efforts at many stages within the process of early childhood education. There is a wide range of options currently being considered for how to best measure children’s foreign language learning. The use of scientifically validated language scale is regarded as an important method. Despite a large body of evidence in terms of reliable indicators of foreign language acquisition in preschool children, there has not been a standardized, quick, easy, functional and life-based scale measurement. The purpose of the present study was to develop a valid and reliable "Life-Focused Foreign Language Acquisition Scale" (LFFLAS) for the evaluation of foreign language proficiency of preschool children who are 50-74 months-old. The study was conducted in the general survey model. 120 children from private kindergartens affiliated with the Konya National Education Directorate participated in the study. Findings related to the construct validity of the scale were obtained by factor analysis method. Based on Tetrachoric Factor Analysis, 4 sub-dimensions were found. Findings related to the reliability of the scale were obtained with the KR 20 (internal consistency) and score invariance techniques. The findings of the study revealed that the reliability coefficients related to internal consistency and score invariance of sub-scales related to LFFLAS were sufficient and the scale is valid and reliable in measuring preschool children’s foreign language acquisition. There were significant differences in the sub-scales of the scale depending on gender and age variables.
A cross-sectional study of relationship between self-esteem and self-concept of students of medical sciences
Authors: Amirkhani Mehdi , Habibi Fatemeh , Hakimi Azadeh , Najafi Kalyani Majid , Salami Javad
Published: February 2018

Background: Identification of the role of factors such as self-esteem and self-efficacy and the investigation of their relationship among students can bring about improvement of educational planning and enhance the teaching outcome. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy among the students of medical sciences.Methods: The present study is an analytical-descriptive which was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 394 students of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In order to collect the data two questionnaires were used namely, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Rogers Self-concept Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22. The researchers used descriptive and inferential statistics such as t-test, chi-square one-way ANOVA, and correlation to analyze the data.Results: The mean and the standard deviation of self-esteem scores of female and male students were 38.23±6.80 and 37.51±6.67 respectively. The mean and the standard deviation of self-concept scores of female and male students were 9.49±3.53 and 9.43±4.14 respectively. The mean of self-concept scores of students of different majors had statistically significant difference with each other (0.011), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores among students with different majors (0.442).Conclusions: Considering the statistically significant difference in students’ self-concept scores in different majors, it is suggested that we take right approaches to the improvement and enhancement of individuals’ self-concept and the creation of positive feedback.
Clinical profile of dengue fever infection in patients admitted in NCMC medical college, Panipat, Haryana, India
Authors: Shah Mohd Younus , Y. Shah Faisal , Y. Shah Faizan , Satya Saurabh
Published: February 2018

Background: Dengue infections can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (dengue fever; DF) to the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The study was aimed to compare the clinical profile of all patients diagnosed with dengue viral infection at NCMC.Methods: This retrospective study included 136 patients infected with dengue virus, age 2 years to 68 years. Laboratory and haematological data were included.Results: Peak of infection occurred in Nov. 2017 and least number of cases were recorded in September 2017. Common clinical symptoms were fever, headache and myalgia. Common haematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia and leucopoenia. All patients survived. There was no case of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.Conclusions: Significant differences in the clinical profile is possibly because of infection with different serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), concurrent/sequential infection of more than one serotype, and differences in host immune responses associated with host genetic variations.
A comparative study of postoperative analgesic efficacy between TAP block with wound infiltration in open gynaecological surgeries
Authors: G. Selvaraju , V. Nedumaran , Shanmugavelu G.
Published: February 2018

Background: Gynaecological surgeries are performed by abdominal incision is common and post-operative pain and discomfort is always anticipated. TAP block is a regional anaesthetic technique which blocks the abdominal neural afferents by administrating local anaesthetic drugs into the neuro-fascial plane. The other method for postoperative analgesia is surgical wound infiltration with local anaesthetic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-operative analgesic efficacy of TAP block versus wound infiltration in gynaecological surgeries.Methods: The study was a prospective randomized study conducted on patients undergoing open gynaecological surgeries, conducted at the Government medical college and ESI hospital, Coimbatore. The study was initiated after obtaining an ethical clearance from the institution. Group A: patients who underwent bilateral TAP block with 0.3 ml/kg 0.25% Bupivacaine on each side. Group B: patients who received wound infiltration of 0.25% Bupivacaine 0.6ml/kg.Results: TAP block provided superior analgesic effect than the surgical site infiltration group, without significant changes in the hemodynamic parameters. The duration of analgesia was longer and the need of Tramadol in the postoperative period was found to be lesser in the TAP block group as compared to wound infiltration group.Conclusions: The TAP block is an effective and safe technique for postoperative analgesia for gynaecological surgeries than compared to the surgical wound infiltration. The requirement of Tramadol as a postoperative analgesia was less with TAP block compared to surgical wound infiltration.
Estimation of serum ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in various morphological types and clinical stages of age related (senile cataract)
Authors: Angirekula Saseekala , Atti Lalitsiri , Atti Srihari
Published: February 2018

Background: The aim was to estimate the serum ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the various morphological types and clinical stages of age related (senile) cataract, a common cause of curable blindness globally, especially in India.Methods: This was a study of estimation of serum ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in 100 cases of senile (age related) cataract with 60 cases of senile cortical type (30 cases of immature and 30 cases of mature) and 40 cases of senile nuclear type (20 cases of grades I and II and 20 cases of grades III and IV) in the age group of 45 to 70 years.Results: Vitamin C mean plasma level was significantly decreased in senile cataract (0.54±0.23mg/dl or 30.68±13.07umol) and in its morphological types of cortical and Nuclear, especially in the later stages or grades of maturity when compared with the earlier stages or grades of immaturity i.e. The mean level of Serum Ascorbic acid was 0.55±0.23 mg/dl ((31.25±13.07umol) in Senile Cortical cataract with 0.58±0.24 mg/dl (32.96±13.64umol) in its Immature stage and 0.52±0.20mg/dl (29.55±11.36umol) in its mature stage and the mean level in Senile Nuclear cataract was 0.54±0.23mg/dl (30.68±13.7umol) with 0.56±0.29mg/dl (31.82±16.48umol) in its Grades I and II and 0.52±0.22mg/dl (29.55±12.5umol) in its Grades III and IV.Conclusions: So, our study showed significantly decreased levels of serum vitamin C in all the morphological types and clinical stages of senile cataract especially in the later stages or grades of maturity compared to the earlier clinical stages or grades of immaturity.
The incidence and spectrum of transfusion transmitted infections among the blood donors
Authors: Mahapatra Smita , Ray Gopal Krushna , Panigrahi Rashmita , Parida Pankaj
Published: February 2018

Background: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs), particularly through the viruses lead to the major health problems and challenges faced by the transfusion services for the supply of safe blood and blood components. The objective of the study is to assess the incidence and spectrum of five TTIs like Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Malaria Parasites (MP) and Syphilis among both voluntary and replacement blood donors in a span of seven years.Methods: Total 1, 38,994 voluntary and replacement blood donors were screened and 1,012 (0.73%) cases were seropositive of which 631 cases (0.64%) were found in voluntary donors and 381 cases (0.94%) were seen in replacement donors.Results: Majority of the donors were reactive for HBV infection (0.5%) followed by HCV (0.17%), HIV (0.052%), Syphilis (0.001%) and malaria (0.0005%). There was increase in the trend of seroprevalence of TTIs from 0.35% (2010) to 1.43% (2016) over the period which is a matter of consideration.Conclusions: It is therefore very important to continue preventive measures to combat this problem along with screening of donated blood units with highly sensitive test methods and post donation counselling of the seropositive donors for the prevention of further transmission risks.
A clinicopathological study of vernal conjunctivitis in urban and rural areas of Eastern India: A hospital based study
Authors: Adhikari Suman , Naskar Asok Kumar , Kabasi Samarendra , Deb Sujata , Deb R. K. , Sen Sukanta
Published: February 2018

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a relatively rare, chronic form of ocular allergy that can potentially cause severe visual complications.Methods: The present study was carried out amongst the patients suffering from vernal conjunctivitis and attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College & Lions Seva Kendra Hospital, Kishanganj (Bihar). The conjunctiva and cornea were examined for any complication of the disease. The patients were categorized into two treatment groups, each group treated with one topical drug. As the total number of patients in the study was 100, each treatment group consisted of 50 patients, one group of patients was treated with 0.05% azelastine eye drop and the other group treated with 2% sodium cromoglycate eye drop.Results: Greater incidence during the period from March to June (59%) and the highest number in the month of May (18%). Of the 100 patients in the study group, the largest group of 89 patients presented with limbal vernal conjunctivitis; 7 patients presented with palpebral vernal conjunctivitis and 4 patients suffered from a mixed type (both limbal and palpebral) type of the disease.Conclusions: Examination of the conjunctival biopsy specimens of the patients showed chronic nonspecific inflammatory reaction, mostly confined to the subepithelial region. Patients in both groups showed dramatic results of the treatment proving the efficacy of steroids.
Acinic cell carcinoma, papillary-cystic variant: a rare case diagnosed in fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: M. Patel Mandakini , N. Gamit Bhavna , M. Patel Sharmistha , I. Patel Mubin , S. Gandhi Shivangi
Published: February 2018

Acinic Cell Carcinoma is a rarest malignant epithelial neoplasm arising from pleuripotent stem cells. ACC constitute 6% of all salivary gland tumor. Most common site is parotid. It is slowly growing tumor with female preponderance most commonly occur during fifth and sixth decades of life. Diagnosis by imaging study are complex, but USG is helpful in evaluating tumor. We are presenting a 9year female, complaint of a painless, freely movable, atraumatic swelling on left cheek measuring 2x1cm2, slowly enlarging since, 8 months. FNAC was performed from the swelling and routine stain (H and E, MGG, Pap) and special stain (PAS) was performed. On cytological smears, overall findings are suggestive of papillary-cystic variant of ACC which is difficult to diagnosed in cytology. PAS stain showed positivity for both intra-cytoplasmic granules and extra-cellular secretions. ACC is a slowly growing multi-potent malignant salivary gland tumor. Management is with surgery.
Ovarian enterobiasis: a case report
Authors: G. Nair Geethu , Balan Prejisha
Published: February 2018

Enterobius vermicularis (the pinworm) is the most common intestinal nematode in gastrointestinal tract of humans. It commonly infests the lumen of the intestine but on rare occasions has been found in the wall or in the tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract; female genital tract and peritoneum being the commonest sites. It is usually seen as an incidental finding. This is a case of 29-year-old female presented for elective sterilization. A tiny nodule was noted on the surface of ovary during procedure which was sent for histopathological examination. Lesion was composed of necrotic areas and inflammatory cells with cross section of a degenerated worm. The features of the eggs were diagnostic of Enterobius vermicularis. Multiple histologic sections may be required to establish diagnosis in older lesions as in this case.
A rare case of submandibular abscess due to candida dubliniensis in a known patient of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kilikdar Mousumi , Shekokar Divya S. , Ambhore Nitin A.
Published: February 2018

Candida infection of salivary gland is extremely rare and a submandibular gland infection with Candida dubliniensis in an immunocompetent patient has, to the best of our knowledge, never been described before. Diagnosis was based on isolation of Candida dubliniensis in pure culture from abscess pus. Combination of a local drainage and intravenous fluconazole proved to be an efficient therapeutic strategy.
Cornual pregnancy-high index of suspicion
Authors: Chawla Rachita
Published: February 2018

Cornual ectopic pregnancy is a rare variant of ectopic pregnancy which requires high index of clinical suspicion and radiological support to manage. The incidence of interstitial pregnancy is rising. Traditional treatment with laparotomy, is associated with high morbidity and detrimental effects on future fertility. A diverse array of alternate treatments has been introduced over the last 3 decades, with the goal of achieving a conservative or inimally invasive management. Here we present such a case.
Understanding the principles of ethics in health care: a systematic analysis of qualitative information
Authors: Kemparaj Vanishree M. , Kadalur Umashankar G.
Published: February 2018

Despite incorporating ethical teaching in medical curricula there is paucity in knowledge of ethics among our practitioners. To improve the ethical knowledge it is important to understand the ethical issues or challenges encountered in the present scenario. The issues encountered by the health professionals helps to understand how the ethical principles are in day to today practice. Empirical researches have shown that qualitative research brings research closer to decision making. Hence data obtained from peer-reviewed qualitative articles were used for assessing ethical principles in every day practice by health professional. The studies have shown that autonomy, beneficence, justices are some of the principles health professionals consider before taking the decisions in health care.
Evaluation of clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with bladder cancer in Ardabil province, 2016
Authors: Hoseinkhani Ali , Amani Firouz , Torabi Yasamin
Published: February 2018

Background: Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urethra and genital tract and is ranked ninth in terms of its incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with bladder cancer in Ardabil province.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that has been done on 81 patients with bladder cancer. Necessary information such as age, sex, blood type, RH, family history of bladder cancer, smoking, drug use, tumor stage and grade and type of tumor were collected from the patient's hospital record or by telephone interview.Results: Sixty seven patients (82.7%) were male. The mean age of patients was 66.9±15.02 years. The blood group A, was the most common type of blood. (39.5%) of all patients, 54.3% had cigarette smoking and 47(58%) live in city. The most common type of tumor grade was high-grade papillary urethral carcinoma (48.1%).The most common stages of the tumor was Ta (40.7%) and the most common clinical manifestation was hematuria (90.1%). 27 patients (33.3%) had a delay of more than 3 months between observation of hematuria and cystoscopy.Conclusions: The findings showed that the most common grade and stage of the tumor in patients were high-grade papillary urethral carcinoma and Ta; the most prevalent clinical presentation was hematuria; the prevalence of the disease was higher among males, at ages older than 70 years old, in people with a blood type A, and among people living in urban areas; a study with bigger sample size should be done in future in the country Iran.
Knowledge, attitude, practice and learning needs of nursing personnel related to domestic violence against women: a facility based cross sectional survey
Authors: Sharma Kamlesh Kumari , Vatsa Manju , Kalaivani Mani , Bhardwaj Daya Nand
Published: February 2018

Background: Domestic violence against women (DVAW) is widely recognized as a public health problem. In India, health sector response to DVAW is suboptimal. Present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and learning needs of nursing personnel regarding women’s health issues related to domestic violence.Methods: This facility based cross sectional study was carried out among 100 nursing personnel from Public sector in Delhi, selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated, pretested, structured self reported questionnaire with a few open ended questions. It included knowledge, attitude, practice and learning needs of nursing personnel relevant to DV. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis using Stata 11.0 (College Station, Texas, USA).Results: Two third of nursing personnel (67%) had moderate knowledge scores and 27% had poor knowledge scores; 19% had favourable attitude scores towards DV; 57% had good practice scores; 44% reported moderate to high need for learning and majority lacked preparedness to manage DV victims. The knowledge was significantly associated with younger age, single, graduate/ Post graduates, B.Sc. Nursing degree holders, working in tertiary hospital, as staff nurse/public health nurse/sister in charge and those with lesser experience, (p<0.05). The attitude was significantly associated with younger age, single, graduate/post graduates, and those with lesser experience, (p<0.05).Conclusions: Nursing personnel had substantial gap in their knowledge, attitude and practice related to DV and a large unmet learning need highlighting the need for relevant pre service and continuing education.
Construction of nuptiality tables for the hilly rural population of Uttarakhand: 1931-2000
Authors: Pandey Shubham , Singh Ankit , Awasthi Saumya , Kaur Supreet
Published: February 2018

Background: Nuptiality has a strong association with socio demographic and socio economic change in society. So, it has immense importance to study the female age at marriage in society. In order to study the nuptiality pattern in rural areas of Uttarakhand State, India, a number of measures like crude marriage rate, age sex specific marriage rates and similar other rates are used in the nuptiality tables.Methods: This paper deals with the study on the change in the nuptiality pattern through the life table approach in the seven cohorts 1931-40, 1941-50, 1951-60, 1961-70, 1971-80, 1981-90 and 1991-2000. It is observed that the rates are changing with time. We also calculate expected number of years of single life remaining to a single person at age x. It is also observed that the age at marriage is increasing as the time passes. The data for this has been collected through the primary collection technique and the paper includes all the nuptiality tables for the seven cohort systems.Results: It is observed that the rates are changing with time. No significant time trend has been observed in the nuptiality rates among the single population of hilly rural area of Uttarakhand. From the table we can see that initially, at the age group 10 the rate is small and it increases rapidly till it reaches to maximum at the age group 20.Conclusions: In the field of marriage for the Indian population, it is suggested that development and examination of nuptiality tables over various periods would constitute a distinct progression in the investigation of Indian nuptiality.
Knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation and transplantation among undergraduate medical students in North coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Ganta Srinivas Rao , Pamarthi Kiran , K. K. Lakshmi Prasad
Published: February 2018

Background: Organ transplantation is one of the greatest scientific advances and remains one of the most challenging and complex field of modern medicine. In the USA and UK, the organ donation rate is 26 and 14 per million, whereas in India, it is only 0.34 per million population. Healthcare professionals act as the critical link in the organ procurement process because they are the first individuals to establish relationship with the potential donors' family.Methods: An institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among first year undergraduate medical students during November 2017. Convenient sampling method was used to obtain the sample size. Out of 150 students in first year, 136 students fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied.Results: Out of 136 students who participated in the study, 58 (42.6%) were boys and 78 (57.4%) were girls. All the 136 (100%) students had heard about organ donation, but only 24 (17.6%) of them were aware of organ donation associations. Very few students (5, 3.6%) know about any law related to organ donation in India. Mass media like TV, Internet and Newspapers have played a major role in imparting awareness regarding organ donation among students besides relatives and friends. Majority of the students i.e. 104 (76.4%) were ready to donate their organs if need comes and two third of them accepted that they would allow organ donation from a member of their family after Brainstem death.Conclusions: There is a positive attitude of medical students towards organ donation but there is lack of sufficient knowledge on the topic. Improving their knowledge by including organ donation topic in medical curriculum can help to reduce this gap.
Socio-demographic determinants of vitamin A supplementation in Bangladesh: evidence from two rounds of Bangladesh demographic and health surveys, 2007 and 2011
Authors: Raut Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2018

Background: Vitamin A supplementation reduces night blindness, child morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, Vitamin A deficiency among children 6-59 months has remained just about stagnant at 20.5 per cent as per the latest Bangladesh National Micronutrient Status Survey 2011-12 declining by a meagre 1.2 per cent from 21.7 per cent in 1997 (IPHN/HKI, 1997). Alarmingly, there is an absolute decline of 24 percentage points in VAS supplementation from 2007 to 2011 according to the Bangladesh Demographic & Health Surveys (BDHS). The current status of vitamin A supplementation raises concern because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)’s Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP) 2011-2016 target of 90 per cent needs to be achieved by 2016.Methods: This paper tries to explore the socio-demographic causes of receipt of Vitamin A in Bangladesh by analysing the data of the demographic and health surveys for 2007 and 2011 using SAS software. A log binomial regression was conducted to explore the effect of education and exposure to mass media on receipt of vitamin A supplementation.Results: After adjusting for related socio-economic and demographic factors, parent’s education and among mass media channels, television seems to play an important role in predicting receipt of Vitamin A, (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0973, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0499-1.1469) in BDHS 2011. Similarly, also those who watched television were more likely to have received vitamin A (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0542, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0304-1.0784).Conclusions: It can be concluded that mass media seems to be working well in making the mothers aware about the vitamin A campaign, especially, the exposure to television. Though mother’s education was not associated in the 2007 survey, but it was significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A in the 2011 survey.
Ascertainment of risk factors and clinical course for neonates with early onset sepsis in a tertiary care hospital, rural area, Punjab
Authors: Kashyap Rashmi , Kaur Surinder , Sareen Aarti
Published: February 2018

Background: Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Despite advances in neonatal care, the impact of neonatal sepsis remains marked in developing countries. Thus identifying the risk factors is crucial for optimizing neonatal care.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among inborn and outborn neonates with risk factors or clinical features of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis admitted in nursery and Neonatal intensive care unit, GSMCH, Banur, Distt Patiala, Punjab during the period from August 2014 to January 2015. Outcome variables were the association of neonatal, maternal and environmental factors with Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS). Overall clinical course in terms of survival/death, Short term outcome of those who survived based on clinical improvement and culture sensitivity report. Analysis was done using percentage, range, mean, standard deviation. Chi square test and multivariate regression analysis was done for comparison between various risk factors and EONS.Results: A total of 85 neonates were enrolled in the study. There were 71 (83.42%) inborn neonates and 14 (16.47%) neonates were outborn. Based on Haematological System Score of >3, sepsis among the inborn neonates was present in 29(40.84%), while in outborn babies sepsis was present in 13 (92.85%) neonates which was statistically significant (p=0.000). Comparison of risk factors like birth asphyxia and unclean vaginal examination showed statistically significant difference (p=0.002; 0.002) between neonates with sepsis and those without sepsis.Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. The study concludes that birth asphyxia and unclean vaginal examination are strong risk factors for early onset neonatal sepsis.
Javanese Phrase Construction in Classical Books Translation
Authors: Masrukhi Moh.
Published: February 2018

When the system or structure of language is used and influenced by other languages, it is called interference, and it may ruin the concept of structures.   This research is about Arabic phrase construction that influenced Javanese phrase construction in classical books translation (TKK). This involvement appears when the concept of Arabic’s construction is translated literally into Javanese.   The research was carried out by applying theories of interference and translation. It’s analysis approach with contrastive analysis which is allegedly enabled errors to be predicted from a comparison between Arabic’s and Javanese’s phrase construction. The data were found and collected from several classical books in Arabic language (KKbA) translated by different writers. The results show that Javanese phrase construction (as the target language), particularly, with noun phrases,  with adjectival phrases, with numeral phrases, and with prepositional phrases was influenced by Arabic’s murakkab or Arabic phrase construction (as the source language). Arabic has its own concept of phrase construction.  The phrase construction cannot be translated into Javanese directly through word-for-word translation or literal translation. Thus, Javanese in TKK became inconvenient and ungrammatical. Arabic phrase construction is flipped around (with noun phrases and adjectival phrases) and prepositions are used and translated improperly or in the wrong position (with prepositional phrases). This research has many implications for further use, such as: for the identification and description of the deviation of  Javanese phrase construction which has been affected by direct translation from the Arabic language,  and furthermore, to increase the knowledge of those who are learning by increasing the realization and awareness in writing and translating (especially from Arabic to Javanese) about the fact that  Arabic and Javanese  have their own regulations or patterns which are  different  then the other language.  keywords;Influence; Literal Translation; Phrase Construction ; Murakkab
Perception and Lexicon Labeling Ability on a Child with Language Delay Diagnosed As Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Psycholinguistic Study
Authors: Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: February 2018

This research focuses on the semantics acquisition of a child with language delay diagnosed as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The research problem is on how the child acquired the ability to comprehend meaning. It aims at answering the questions on how the child identified lexical meanings and how he labeled targeted lexicons of his first language. The approach employed in this research is descriptive qualitative to get adequate explanation on a specific language phenomenon, namely semantics acquisition. Its design is case study with the type neo-ethnographic. As the data collection method, it uses participant observation of longitudinal study considering that the research subject has familial relation with the researcher. The data analysis shows that the semantic acquisition of the research subject has complexity in vocabulary enrichment. The research subject often performs echolalic speech when he is asked to identify or label certain object given. The typical idiosyncratic speech is shown by the unique feature of limited syllable and prosody. In general, his ability to identify lexical meanings is far exceeding his ability to label objects. He also has sensitivity to perceive the non-verbal symbol performed by the people he knows well. The use of verbal language supported by non-verbal language facilitates his perception. He finds it difficult to comprehend the lexicons having similar sound as he assumes that one lexicon represents one object which typically belongs to concrete object. In addition, the ability of the research subject in labeling objects cannot be developed easily because of his difficulty in expressing ideas through words. To pronounce the words correctly, he shows high anxiety by lowering down his speech. In selecting the lexicon he also finds it hard to use pronoun, to label homonyms and to apply both polysemy and hyponym. Accordingly, he tends to communicate only to fulfill his needs by asking things, asking the listeners to do or not to do something, and protesting something as shown in the contexts. Further, he is likely to label objects by the lexicons got from the immediate exposure.keywords; Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD);  Language Acquisition;  Psycholinguistics
A Conversational Implicature Analysis In Oscar Wilde’s Short Story “Happy Prince”
Authors: Risdianto Faizal
Published: February 2018

The title of this paper is a conversational implicature analysis on Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. In this paper, the writer discusses conversational implicature in one of Oscar Wilde’s short stories entitled “Happy Prince”. The objectives of the study are to identify the implicature utterances conveyed by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince” and to describe the implied meaning uttered by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. In this study, the writer applies qualitative research method. The objects of this study are ten utterances of conversational implicature in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. Those conversational implicature are obtained through frequent reading and analysis. This study employed the researcher as the instrument to find adequate and profound data and analyze them. The procedures and steps that have been used in this research are: (1) the provision of data, (2) data classification, (3) and data analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer uses Gricean theory. It is a theory about conversational implicature generated by four maxims. Those are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. Then the last step is (4) the presentation of data analysis. After conducting the research, the writer found ten conversational implicatures in Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince”. In the short story, there are some variation’s meanings of the conversational implicature used in the short story which closely related to the conversational implicature; they are cooperative, politeness and ironical principle. In Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince”, there are six maxims of politeness principle, two maxims of cooperative principles and two maxims of ironical principles. Besides that, the reasons of the conversational implicature used in Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince” are to make us easyly understand the dialogue in the short story conversations and it is aimed at minimizing misunderstanding among the readers and literary critics.Keywords: Conversational Implicature; Maxims; Gricean Theory; Short Story
Јавно доступне библиографије истраживача Србије - стање и перспективе
Authors: Албахари Биљана
Published: February 2018

Библиографије научних радника у Србији вредан су извор информација о домаћој научној продукцији. Поред тога, оне играју и важну улогу у систему вредновања научних резултата појединаца, пројектних тимова и научних установа. У Србији тренутно не постоји јединствена платформа која би омогућила јавни и потпуни увид у библиографске податке о публикацијама активних научника.У раду се презентује историјат библиографског праћења научноистраживачког рада у Републици Србији. Представљене су старије библиографске базе и савремени електронски сервиси у којима су реферисани радови истраживача из Србије. Анализом предности и недостатака ових извора дошло се до закључка да у библиотекама Србије постоје различите библиографске базе које међусобно нису повезане.Решења овог проблема могу се тражити у укључивању свих библиотека у E-CRIS систем, увођењу обавезе за научне раднике да креирају и одржавају ORCID профиле, или успостављању мреже институционалних репозиторијума и националног агрегатора, чиме би се истовремено решили проблеми отвореног приступа научним публикацијама насталим у оквиру домаћих научних пројеката и јавно доступних библиографија научника.
S onu stranu standardnog tiska
Authors: Lešaja Jelena
Published: February 2018

Tekst govori o dostupnosti pisane riječi i putovanju kojeg ona prolazi kako bi dospjela do korisnika kojima standardni tisak nije čitljiv. Navode se načini, oblici i mediji koji pomažu u izradi i korištenju dostupnog naslova. Tehnološke promjene (od analogne do digitalne ere; od kazeta do CD-a i usluge preuzimanja) u sinergiji s promjenama u strukturi korisnika (od slijepih osoba do osoba s teškoćama u čitanju i učenika s disleksijom) transformiraju proizvodnju knjižničnog fonda. Na primjeru Hrvatske knjižnice za slijepe objašnjava se produkcija knjiga na brajici i u zvuku te se spominju usluge karakteristične za knjižnice namijenjene osobama kojima standardni tisak nije čitljiv. Specifičnosti korisničkog profila i čitateljskih navika govore o tome kako želja za čitanjem daleko nadmašuje produkciju i ponudu literature.
How Learners Participate in Connectivist Learning: An Analysis of the Interaction Traces From a cMOOC
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Anderson Terry , Chen Li
Published: February 2018

In this research paper, the authors analyse the collected data output during a 36 week cMOOC. Six-week data streams from blogs, Twitter, a Facebook group, and video conferences were tracked from the daily newsletter and the MOOCs’ hashtag (#Change 11). This data was analysed using content analysis and social network analysis within an interpretative research paradigm. The content analysis was used to examine the technology learners used to support their learning while the social network analysis focused on the participant in different spaces and their participation patterns in connectivist learning.

The findings from this research include: 1) A variety of technologies were used by learners to support their learning in this course; 2) Four types of participation patterns were reveled, including unconnected floaters, connected lurkers, connected participants, and active contributors. The participation of learners displays the participation inequality typical of social media, but the ratio of active contributors is much higher than xMOOCs; 3) There were five basic structures of social networks formed in the learning; and 4) The interaction around topics and topic generation supports the idea of learning as network creation after the analysis of participation patterns that are based on some deep interactive topic. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the behaviors of learners in a cMOOC in an open and distributed online environment, so that future MOOCs designers and facilitators can understand, design and facilitate more effective MOOCs for learners.
NEW AND INNOVATIVE METHODS OF THE CONCEPT OF TAXATION OF SMALL BUSINESS
Authors: Kaledin Sergey , Shestakova Ekaterina
Published: February 2018

At present, the concept of taxation has gone beyond the tax policy of the state and beyond the Tax Code, since there are non-tax payments. In addition, even small businesses may face the peculiarities of international tax information exchange, which will be automated from 2018, since 2017 the role of banks in the area of tax inspections has been strengthened, the concept of unreasonable tax benefit has been changed and the final beneficiary has been verified. Thus, the Russian concept of taxation of small business has recently undergone significant changes.
Chitosan Based Self-assembled Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
Authors: Perez Quinones Javier , Peniche Hazel , Peniche Carlos
Published: February 2018

Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide usually obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin poly(N-acetylglucosamine). It is biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive and non-toxic. These excellent biological properties make chitosan a good candidate for a platform in developing drug delivery systems having improved biodistribution, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity. In particular, chitosan nanoparticles are found to be appropriate for non-invasive routes of drug administration: oral, nasal, pulmonary and ocular routes. These applications are facilitated by the absorption-enhancing effect of chitosan. Many procedures for obtaining chitosan nanoparticles have been proposed. Particularly, the introduction of hydrophobic moieties into chitosan molecules by grafting to generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance promoting self-assembly is a current and appealing approach. The grafting agent can be a hydrophobic moiety forming micelles that can entrap lipophilic drugs or it can be the drug itself. Another suitable way to generate self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles is through the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes with polyanions. This paper reviews the main approaches for preparing chitosan nanoparticles by self-assembly through both procedures and illustrates the state of the art of their application in drug delivery.
İŞİTME ENGELLİ TURİZMİ (SESSİZ TURİZM): DÜNYA VE TÜRKİYE POTANSİYELİNE YÖNELİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: YILDIZ Zafer , YILDIZ Savaş , BOZYER Sinem
Published: February 2018

Turizm sektörü, dünyanın en hızlı gelişen sektörlerden biridir. Artan
rekabet ortamında yeni turizm çeşitleri geliştirmek ve yeni destinasyonlarla
daha fazla turisti cezbetmek önemli bir avantaj halini almıştır. Turizm
sektörünün en önemli çeşitlerinden biri engelli turizmi pazarıdır. Engelli
bireylerin turistik aktiviteye katılması ile ortaya çıkan engelli turizmi, Türkiye
açısından oldukça yeni ve altyapısı henüz oluşturulamamış bir sektördür.
Dünya'da 1 milyarın üzerinde engelli birey bulunmakta ve sadece Avrupa'da engellilerin
oluşturduğu turizm pazarı 2016 yılı itibariyle 150 milyon Euro'ya ulaşmış
bulunmaktadır. Sessiz turizm ise, engelli bireyler içinde işitme engellilerin
oluşturduğu grubu ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Seyahat ve konaklama
konusunda herhangi bir ilave yatırıma ihtiyaç duymamaları sebebiyle işitme
engelliler çalışma konusu yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, engelliler arasında seyahat
ve konaklama için ayrı bir yatırım gerektirmeyen işitme engelli grubun engelli
turizm açısından talep ve arz olarak mevcut durumunu değerlendirmek üzere
yapılmış ve hedef talep pazarı olarak Avrupa ve ABD'de yaşayan özellikle işitme
engelliler seçilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma, Dünya ve Türkiye'de ciddi oranda
işitme engelli birey olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye'de yapılan
çalışmalar, konaklama tesislerinde engellilere yönelik altyapı yatırımlarının
yetersizliğini tespit etmektedir. Sessiz turizm açısından ise bu durum herhangi
bir engel teşkil etmediğinden Türkiye açısından en uygun engelli turizmi çeşidinin
sessiz turizm olduğu tespit edilmiştir.