bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL WELFARE OF EMPLOYEES IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL DEFENSE
Authors: Khmyrov Іhоr , Aliyeva Polina , Petevalova Liudmyla
Published: November 2022

Social welfare of workers in the field of professional protection is discussed in the article; on the basis ofscientific research it was found that in the result of the military aggression of the Russian Federation, the full-fledgedsocial protection of people of certain professions, employees of civil defense bodies and units and their families, inparticular, remained under threat. The forms of social welfare for certain categories of citizens defined by theConstitution of Ukraine have been revealed. A list and brief description (according to main target groups, scope ofregulation, purpose of adoption, significance and relevance) of the main acts of current legislation in the field of socialprotection and social security of target groups is provided. The Articles of Chapter X of "Social and legal protectionof the rank and file members of the civil protection service, employees of administrative bodies and civil protectionforces, and persons dismissed from the civil protection service" of the Civil Protection Code of Ukraine have beencommented on. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature and consideration of the articles X of the Civil DefenseCode of Ukraine, it has been proven that the state takes care of the social welfare of the rank and file members of thecivil defense service and their family members, providing assistance in matters of rehabilitation, housing, vacation,monetary assistance, etc. It is noted that one of the defining elements in the regulation of public relations in the socialsphere is the compliance with the principle of proportionality between the social protection of citizens and the financialcapabilities of the state, as well as guaranteeing the right of everyone to a sufficient standard of living.
STATE PROTECTION MEASURES OF ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Gayevaya Oleksandra , Garyaeva Ganna , Lysenko Iryna
Published: November 2022

It is examined in the article how the current demographic changes are taking place; what scientific rethinking isneeded to study this not sudden phenomenon in the process of population aging. Statistical data of the United Nationsand non-governmental organizations of the world from now to 2050 are tracked. The germs of future life problemsare analyzed when the number of elderly people equals the number of children in the world. It is noted that the worldis at the beginning of changes in the entire structure of the world's population, which will affect the lifetime of thepopulation. The phenomenon of lifetime of the population, the changes in social directions and the requirements forthe protection of the elderly population are highlighted. Theoretical approaches and measures that can be implementedin the organization of life of elderly people in the future and become the basis of a new strategy of the state's socialpolicy are revealed. The measures of the state on the basis of normative acts, which are directly aimed at the assistanceand protection of less protected strata of the population, people of "respectable age" in particular, are highlighted. TheUN Principles, which became the basis of our state's measures in the implementation of the human developmentstrategy for 2021-2023, are considered. The main purpose of providing social services by the state is determined. Theplan of measures of the state, which provides opportunities and measures for the elderly and people with disabilitiesuntil 2027, is revealed. It is noted that the state guarantees every labor veteran and senior citizen an adequate standardof living, the satisfaction of various life needs, and the provision of various types of assistance. The statement thatevery international agreement is a political compromise reached under strong political pressure has beenargumentated. The concept of "elder abuse", cruel treatment of elderly people, which includes not only various typesof physical and mental violence, but also other forms of violence, is defined. Characteristic signs of using thehelplessness and authority of an elderly person in society are highlighted.
Tafsir Esoteris (Isyari) dalam Kitab Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Adhim Karya Ahmad Sahal Al-Tustari
Authors: Zumrodi Zumrodi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini berusaha untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai esoteris dalam ayat-ayat al-Qur’an dengan “Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Adhim” karya dari Sahal al-Tustari. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pustaka (liberary research) dengan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriftif dengan menggunakan analisis konten (content analysis). Adapun sumber datanya meliputi sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Sumber data primer kitab adalah kitab “Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Adhim” karya Ahmad Sahal al-Tustari, adapun sumber data sekunder meliputi kitab-kitab tafsir, jurnal dan berbagai buku yang terkait. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: dalam surah al-Baqarah/2: 22 kata al-andad bermakna sekutu atau tandingan Allah SWT diartikan secara esoteris dengan nafsu amarah, bagi al-Tustari nafsu amarah adalah sekutu paling besar bagi Muslim. Toghut pada surah Al Baqarah/2:257 berarti syetan namun diartikan secara esoteric dengan nafsu, pangkat, wanita dan hal-hal yang memalingkan pada Allah SWT.  Patung anak sapi pada surah A’raf /7:148 makna dari al-ijil adalah patung anak sapi dimaknai oleh al-Tustari dengan usaha maksimal untuk menghindari semua yang membuat lupa pada Allah SWT.  Perintah berkurban pada al-Shaffat /37:107 yang berarti perintah berkurban dimaknai dengan keihklasan menurut al-Tustari keikhlasan adalah pucak pengorbanan tertinggi seorang Muslim pada Tuhannya. Jihad pada al-Taubat/9:73 berarti perintah memerangi orang kafir dimaknai secara sufistik dengan memerangi hawa nafsu danlarangan berbuat kerusakan pada al-Araf/ 7:56 diartikan dengan merusak ketaatan dengan kemaksiatan maka seorang Muslim harus membersihkan diri dari siklus dosa. 
Qur'anic Morality in the Text of Serat Pamardining Siwi Wira Iswara KBG 702
Authors: Khusniyah Aziizatul , Ahmad Nur
Published: November 2022

Discussing the values of character education basically involves efforts that are consciously realized to improve attitudes or morals. This paper aims to explain the values of character education in the Serat (script)of Pamardining Siwi Wira Iswara KBG 702, later known as script of Wira Iswara (WI). This is also to see its relevance in the teachings of the Qur'an, through a textual and contextual understanding study. The focus of this research is how the value of character education is in the Wira Iswara script which has relevance to the Qur'an. The method used is qualitative with a philological approach. The research data were then analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study indicate that the value of character education contained in Wira Iswara script is derived from the values of the Qur'an which include: 1) the value of mutual love or affection, 2) agile, 3) careful, 4) careful, 5) good at counting, 6) diligent, 7) frugal, and 8) seriousness of intention or earnest. These values are qur'ani morality that is implicitly recorded in the Wira Iswara manuscript.
Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Siswa dengan Tipe Kepribadian Extrovert dan Introvert dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Kerangka Kerja Quellmalz
Authors: Wida Yanti Aning , Qodriyyah Muâ€™arrifati
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterampilan berpikir siswa berdasarkan kerangka kerja Quellmalz dalam memecahkan masalah matematika ditinjau dari tipe kepribadian extrovert dan tipe kepribadian introvert. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan desaian studi kasus.  Pemilihan subjek dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) untuk menentukan dua siswa bertipe kepribadian extrovert dan dua siswa berkepribadian introvert kelas IX G MTsN 7 Kediri. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara berbasis tes.  Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan  reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang berkepribadian ekstrovert dan   introvert dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika belum memenuhi kelima  kategori keterampilan berpikir Quellmalz. Siswa yang berkepribadian ekstrovert memenuhi dua kategori, yaitu mengingat dan analisis. Sedangkan siswa yang berkepribadian introvert memenuhi tiga kategori, yaitu mengingat, analisis, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hal ini berarti dalam memecahkan masalah matematika berdasarkan kerangka kerja  Quellmalz siswa yang berkepribadian introvert  lebih baik daripada siswa yang berkepribadian ekstrovert.
ANALISIS NILAI PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PERIODE 2016-2020
Authors: Putri Viska Amelia , Hasanuh Nanu
Published: November 2022

Pandemi COVID 19 menyebabkan IHSG turun secara signifikan pada bulan Maret tahun 2020, dimana hal ini menandakan banyak perusahaan yang mengalami kerugian. Maka dari itu penulis tertarik untuk melakukan analisis terkait nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan Food and Beverage karena perusahaan tersebut merupakan perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang selalu dibutuhkan untuk menopang kebutuhan pokok. Proksi nilai perusahaan menggunakan Price To Book Value (PBV) dan alat analisisnya dilihat dari Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) dan Size. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh ROE, NPM, dan size terhadap PBV baik secara parsial ataupun simultan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposisve sampling dan terdapat 12 perusahaan dari 34 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan verifikatif menggunakan software SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh ROE secara parsial terhadap PBV dengan nilai sig. 0,000 < 0,05 sedangkan NPM dan Size tidak berpengaruh secara parsial dengan nilai sig. dari NPM sebesar 0, 122 > 0,05 dan size sebesar 0,397 > 0,05. ROE, NPM, dan size secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap PBV dengan nilai sig. 0,000 < 0,05
ANALISIS PENGARUH CAR, LDR DAN NPL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DI PERBANKAN INDONESIA PERIODE 2010-2020
Authors: Saputri Ani , Hasanuh Nanu
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada atau tidaknya pengaruh Capital Adaquacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), terhadap Return of Aset (ROA) secara parsial ataupun simultan. Yang menjadi objek penelitian ini adalah Perbankan Indonesia yaitu PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT. Bank Negara Indonesia,Tbk, dan PT. Bank Tabungan Negara,Tbk Periode tahun 2010-2020 (Triwulan 4), data sekunder adalah data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Bersifat asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Variabel yang digunakan adalah Capital Adaquacy Ratio (X1), Loan to Deposit Ratio (X2), Non Performing Loan (X3) dan Return of Aset (Y). Hasil  pengujian secara parsial Capital Adaquacy Ratio dan Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return of Aset. Hasil penelitian secara parsial Non Performing Ratio terdapat pengaruh terhadap Return of Aset. Hasil penelitian secara simultan Capital Adaquacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), berpengaruh terhadap Return of Aset (ROA).
MEMOTRET AKUNTANSI ASET BIOLOGIS PADA KELOMPOK TANI (STUDI PADA KELOMPOK TANI TERBIT BARU DAN KELOMPOK TANI PS4 ABDI LABORATUS-NTT)
Authors: Bibiana Rere Paulina , Manehat Beatrix Yunarti , Imuneno Antonius Yohanes Wiliam , Hermanus Erwin Putra Bimantoro , Ndun Maria Aprilia Velangkani
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memotret perlakuan akuntansi aset biologis berdasarkan pendekatan pengakuan, pengukuran dan penyajian pada kelompok tani dan membandingkannya dengan aturan akuntansi aset biologis yang terdapat dalam IAS 41 dan PSAK 69 Agrikultur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Data penelitian melalui observasi dan wawancara diolah menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan akuntansi terhadap aset biologis kelompok tani Terbit Baru Dan Kelompok Tani Ps4 Abdi Laboratus di Kupang-NTT belum bersesuaian dengan aturan yang tertera pada IAS 41 dan PSAK 69 Agrikultur. Kelompok tani belum memahami tentang aset biologis, belum melakukan pencatatan transaksi, belum tahu dasar penentuan harga aset biologis hingga belum mampu memisahkan antara uang pribadi dengan uang usaha dalam penggunaannya. Pelaku kelompok tani menyadari pentingnya pemberlakuan akuntansi aset biologis namun keterbatasan sumber daya manusia menjadi alasan utama belum diterapkannya akuntansi aset biologis di kelompok tani berdasarkan IAS 41 dan PSAK 69.
ANALISIS METODE PENENTUAN RENCANA KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKU YANG EFEKTIF DAN EFISIEN STUDI KASUS PT RAFANSA PRIMA USAHA
Authors: Letari Safrida Sugi , Widodo Arifin Puji , Soebijono Tony , Bambang Henry
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode penentuan kebutuhan bahan baku yang paling efektif dan efisien dari metode Lot For Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), dan Period Order Quantity (POQ). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara secara langsung kepada pemilik perusahaan untuk pengumpulan data yang meliputi data jumlah permintaan produk pallet grade A dan grade B, data produksi pallet bulan Januari-Oktober 2021, data stock produk jadi tahun 2021, data BOM produk pallet, data biaya pemesanan, dan data biaya penyimpanan. Data penelitian dioalah dan dianalisis menggunakan MRP dengan 3 (tiga) metode lot sizing yaitu Lot For Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), dan Period Order Quantity (POQ). Hasil penerapan 3 (tiga) metode dari segi biaya yaitu metode LFL dengan biaya total sebesar Rp. 144.000.000, metode EOQ biaya total sebesar Rp. 146.013.542, dan metode POQ biaya total sebesar Rp. 241.094.338. Dalam penelitian metode Lot For Lot menunjukkan biaya total yang rendah, tidak meninggalkan persediaan dan sesuai dengan keadaan dari perusahaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini metode yang paling efektif dan efisien adalah Lot For Lot (LFL).
ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM JUST IN TIME DALAM PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI KOPI
Authors: Juardi Muhammad Sapril Sardi , Majid Jamaluddin , Hardiwansyah Hardiwansyah
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji analisis penerapan sistem just in time (JIT) dalam perhitungan harga pokok produksi pada CV Berkat Asia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Jenis data yang diolah merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan biaya produksi yang diperoleh dengan melakukan dokumentasi dan didukung dengan metode wawancara sebagai pelengkap kebutuhan informasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahap pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerapan  metode just in time dalam perhitungan harga pokok produksi CV Berkat Asia mampu menekan biaya pengelolaan bahan baku dan menghasilkan harga pokok produksi sebesar Rp 1.510.713.512.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD MATERI GARIS DAN SUDUT BERBASIS SQ3R UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS
Authors: Syafitri Nur , Maimunah  , Suanto Elfis
Published: November 2022

Kemampuan penalaran matematis (KPM) diperlukan dan menjadi dasar dari kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan KPM, karena penalaran matematis dan pembelajaran matematika adalah dua hal yang berkaitan. Menyelesaikan suatu masalah matematis dibutuhkan penalaran dan kemampuan penalaran dapat dipelajari dari belajar matematika. Rendahnya KPM dapat dilihat dalam materi geometri sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah inovasi untuk mengembangkan KPM peserta didik. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dapat membantu KPM semakin berkembang salah satunya ialah menggunakan LKPD berbasis metode SQ3R yang merupakan singkatan dari lima langkah yaitu survey, question, read, recite, dan review. Penelitian yang digunakan berjenis penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE.  Model ini merupakan singkatan dari tahapan-tahapannya, yaitu tahap Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), Evaluation (Evaluasi). Pada tahap Implementation dilakukan ujicoba produk berupa ujicoba satu-satu dan ujicoba kelompok kecil. Penelitian yang diterapkan kepada subjek ujicoba, yaitu peserta didik di MTs Negeri 2 Kuantan Singingi. Analisis data dilakukan ada dua yaitu analisis data secara kuantitatif dan juga kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian yang diperoleh menyatakan jika LKPD materi garis dan sudut berbasis SQ3R untuk memfasilitasi KPM mendapat kategori sangat valid dengan nilai rata-rata akhir sebesar 90,5% dan mendapat kategori sangat praktis dengan nilai rata-rata akhir sebesar 93,45%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD materi garis dan sudut untuk memfasilitasi KPM telah memperoleh kategori valid dan praktis untuk diterapkan
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGONTROL KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Hidayat Mokhamad Farid , Nurwiani  , Lia Budi Tristanti
Published: November 2022

Kemampuan berpikir kritis sangat diperlukan dalam suatu pembelajaran. Berpikir kritis adalah berpikir logis dan reflektif yang difokuskan pada pengambilan keputusan yang akan dilakukan, berpikir kritis merupakan bagian yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari pendidikan dan berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan kognitif yang sangat penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan mengontrol kemampuan berpikiri kritis siswa di SMK Darul Ulum Kepuhdoko. Karakteristik berpikir kritis adalah orang yang berpikir kritis idealnya memiliki beberapa kriteria atau elemen dasar yang disingkat FRISCO (Focus, Reason, Inference, Situation, Clarity and Overview).
Jenis penelitian ini penelitian kuantitatif, dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah kelas X SMK Darul Ulum Kepuhdoko dengan sampel kelas X MM sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X KI sebagai kelas kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan model kooperatif sedangkan kelompok control menggunakan model konvensional. Sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar tes. Sebelum digunakan, instrumen ini diuji reliabilitas dan validitasnya. Teknik analisis data menggunakan anakova.
Berdasarkan pengolahan data dan hasil analisis diperoleh output SPSS.25 yaitu nilai Sig 0,440. Hal ini berarti bahwa nilai sig (0,440) > Î± = (0,05) maka H0 diterima, sehingga dikatakan setelah dikontrol kemampuan berpikir kritis, tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara yang mengikuti pembelajaran kooperatif dengan yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional.
Environmentally informed buried object recognition
Authors: Bragdon Sophia , Truong Vuong , Clausen Jay
Published: November 2022

The ability to detect and classify buried objects using thermal infrared imaging is affected by the environmental conditions at the time of imaging, which leads to an inconsistent probability of detection. For example, periods of dense overcast or recent precipitation events result in the suppression of the soil temperature difference between the buried object and soil, thus preventing detection. This work introduces an environmentally informed framework to reduce the false alarm rate in the classification of regions of interest (ROIs) in thermal IR images containing buried objects. Using a dataset that consists of thermal images containing buried objects paired with the corresponding environmental and meteorological conditions, we employ a machine learning approach to determine which environmental conditions are the most impactful on the visibility of the buried objects. We find the key environmental conditions include incoming shortwave solar radiation, soil volumetric water content, and average air temperature. For each image, ROIs are computed using a computer vision approach and these ROIs are coupled with the most important environmental conditions to form the input for the classification algorithm. The environmentally informed classification algorithm produces a decision on whether the ROI contains a buried object by simultaneously learning on the ROIs with a classification neural network and on the environmental data using a tabular neural network. On a given set of ROIs, we have shown that the environmentally informed classification approach improves the detection of buried objects within the ROIs.
Propuesta metodológica para evaluar el uso ecoturístico de las aves con la finalidad de desarrollar el aviturismo en el Refugio de vida silvestre Pantanos de Villa
Authors:   , Figueroa Daneri Marco Antonio Junior
Published: November 2022

Esta investigación fue realizada en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Los Pantanos de Villa (RVSLPV). Este humedal es un área natural protegida ubicada en Chorrillos, al sur de la ciudad de Lima. Además, esta área tiene un reconocimiento especial como Sitio Ramsar, por ser un humedal con alta diversidad y abundancia de especies residentes y migratorias. En este lugar, evaluamos el potencial ecoturístico de las aves de este lugar para desarrollar actividades de apoyo a la observación de aves, especialmente para aquellas aves buscadas por turistas y observadores de aves. Para generar los resultados, se desarrolló esta investigación en cinco pasos. El primer paso se centró en hacer una lista completa de las aves registradas en Pantanos de Villa, la cuales fueron encontradas en el plan maestro del área, Ebird; además de los resúmenes de los congresos de ornitología y los boletines publicados por la Unión de Observadores del Peru. El segundo paso consistió en establecer una lista de las aves más buscadas en Pantanos de Villa, para lo cual se consultó a expertos (ornitólogos, fotógrafos profesionales u observadores de aves reconocidos), a través del método Delphi. Con esta información, creamos un listado definitivo, en el cual destacó una veintena de especies. En el tercer paso se evaluó las aves de la lista realizada en el segundo paso, se utilizó ocho variables de las cuales cada una tiene una valoración de 0 a 3. En el cuarto paso, siguiendo la metodología, se estimó el valor ecoturístico para las veinte especies. El quinto paso consiste en preparar el informe final. Según nuestros resultados, solo dos especies de aves obtuvieron un alto valor ecoturístico (10% del total de aves evaluadas), y otras doce especies alcanzaron un valor ecoturístico medio (más del 60% del total de aves evaluadas)…
Análisis textual de las notas informativas de la política monetaria en el Perú
Authors:   , Pumacahua Luque Luz Maria , Sosa Barrantes Rebeca
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la legibilidad de la comunicación escrita de la política monetaria del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú (BCRP) y explorar sus determinantes. Para esto, se utilizan las notas informativas, las cuales son publicaciones mensuales en las que se comunica oficialmente las decisiones de política monetaria. El análisis de legibilidad se realiza a través de la aplicación de técnicas de minería de texto a 252 notas informativas publicadas mensualmente desde febrero del 2001 hasta diciembre 2021. Con esta información se calcula el índice de legibilidad de Szigriszt Reading Ease (SRE) ajustado al idioma español por Szigriszt (1993). Adicionalmente, se exploran algunos potenciales determinantes de la legibilidad de las notas informativas a través de la estimación de diferentes modelos regresión dinámicos. El análisis del índice SRE indica que la legibilidad de las notas informativas se ha mantenido estable, en promedio en un nivel normal a lo largo del periodo de análisis. Además, los modelos de regresión estimados indican que la legibilidad es persistente, lo cual implica que esta no ha sufrido cambios drásticos en el tiempo; sin embargo, durante el período de pandemia el nivel promedio de legibilidad disminuyó desde abril 2020. Finalmente, se encuentra que los cambios en las expectativas de inflación y en la tasa de interés de referencia afectan negativamente a la legibilidad.
H2 partial pressure switches autotrophic pathways in an anaerobic bacterium
Authors: Berg Ivan , Mall Achim , Steffens Lydia , Fertl Jessica , Steiner Thomas , Huber Claudia , Graß Carina , Say Rafael , Huber Harald , Katsyv Alexander , Müller Volker , Cortina Niña Socorro , Erb Tobias , König Simone , Eisenreich Wolfgang
Published: November 2022

Most of our knowledge on microbial physiology and biochemistry is based on studies performed under laboratory conditions. For growing hydrogen-oxidizing anaerobic, autotrophic prokaryotes, an H2:CO2 (80:20, v/v) gas mixture is typically used. However, hydrogen concentrations in natural environments are usually low, but may vary in a wide range. Here we show that the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Ammonifex degensii balances its autotrophic carbon fixation between two pathways depending on the H2 partial pressure. At 80% H2, favoring ferredoxin reduction, it uses the ferredoxin-dependent Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. In contrast, during growth at 10% H2, it switches to the more ATP-demanding, ferredoxin-independent Calvin-Benson cycle. The study reveals that the H2 redox potential is an important factor influencing the usage of different autotrophic pathways. This type of metabolic adjustment may be widespread in the microbial world.
Salinity tolerance and water ionic balance in Macrobrachium jelskii post-larvae
Authors: Bandeira Lorena da Cunha Porto , Melo Daniele Salgueiro , Gemaque Tainára Cunha , Costa Daniel Pereira , Miranda-Filho Kleber Campos
Published: November 2022

Considering that salts are widely used in prawn farming and that studies on their impacts on the aquatic ecosystem have not been identified, this study aimed to evaluate the possible changes caused by acute exposure of Macrobrachium jelskii prawn to sodium chloride and salt marine, through acute toxicity test and histopathological study. Prawn postlarvae (0.2112±0.34 g) were exposed to different concentrations of NaCl, 0 (control) to 26‰; and sea salt, 0 (control) to 35‰; for 96 h. In each duplicate treatment, seven prawns were kept in 2 L beakers for 96 h, with temperature, photoperiod, and pH-controlled, without any loss in the control group. To estimate the median lethal salinity (LS50-96h) the “Trimmed Spearman Karber method” program was used. The LS50-96h for NaCl was estimated to be 14.50‰ with a safety level of 1.45‰ and for the sea salt LS50-96h of 26.35‰ with a safety level of 2.63‰. It was also observed that at the concentration of 23‰ of artificial marine salinity, no mortality was observed, reflecting a narrow line between innocuous and deleterious salinity for M. jelskii post-larvae. At the end of the acute toxicity tests, the prawns were fixed and processed for staining in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E), Periodic acid-reactive Schiff (P.A.S), Blue Alcian (A.B), and Immunohistochemistry. For branchial histopathological studies, their histological sections were evaluated with an optical microscope. The main branchial alterations observed were hyperplasia, hypertrophy, cellular swelling, detachment of the respiratory epithelium, pillar cell rupture, some secondary lamella fusions, and necrosis.
The Feasibility of a Randomized Controlled Trial to evaluate interactive weekly mobile phone text messaging plus motivational interviewing to promote breastfeeding among women living with HIV
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Young Taryn , Cotton Mark F. , Slogrove Amy , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Kuhn Louise , Thabane Lehana
Published: November 2022

Background
In 2011, South Africa changed infant feeding guidelines for women with HIV from government-supplied formula feeding to exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding for two years or longer. With only 8% of infants under 6 months of age being breastfed, interventions are required to improve breastfeeding rates. We assessed whether an appropriately powered randomized trial was feasible regarding i) recruitment and retention, and ii) protocol adherence. We explored the potential effects of the intervention on sustaining exclusive breastfeeding at 24 weeks postpartum.
Methods
We conducted a randomized parallel, two arm feasibility trial. Women were included if they initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of giving birth at the Worcester midwife obstetric unit, on antiretroviral treatment, and aged ≥18 years. We randomly assigned mother-infant pairs to receive weekly text messaging encouraging exclusive breastfeeding plus in-person individual motivational interviews postpartum at weeks 2, 6, and 10 at Family Clinical Research with Ubuntu or standard infant feeding counselling during routine postnatal clinic visits.
Results
Of 123 mothers consented for screening, 52 eligible participants consented for study participation. We recruited an average of five participants per month over 11 months. Most participants were unemployed (75%), had some high school education (84%), and disclosed their HIV status to someone close (88%). About 65% participants completed outcome evaluation at week 10, decreasing to 35% at week 24. Twenty participants had the week 24 visit planned between 20 March and August 2020, during COVID-19 lockdown. Of these, four completed the visit telephonically, 16 were lost to follow up. Exclusive breastfeeding rate remained relatively high across both groups through week 24. Although the intervention group had higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding at week 24 than the control group this difference was minimal; rate difference 22.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) -20.1% to 64.5%].
Conclusions
With a large enough eligible target population recruitment targets could be achieved for the large randomized trial. Strategies to retain participants, such as remote monitoring in addition to in-person follow-up visits, will be essential.
Trial registration: The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 31/10/2016; NCT02949713 and on Pan African Clinical Trial Registry on 08/11/2016; PACTR201611001855404.
Effects of Coils, Post-processing Methods, and Amplitude Frequency on Resting-state Brain Function After Electroacupuncture at Zusanli: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kang YingJie , Chen YiLei , Gong ZhiGang , Huang YanWen , Wang Hui , Huang JiLing , Zhan SongHua , Tan WenLi , Li YiJing
Published: November 2022

Objective: Based on different post-processing methods and amplitude frequencies of fMRI, this study aimed to compare the ability of flexible and rigid coils for evaluating changes in spontaneous brain activity after electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36).
Methods: A total of 28 healthy subjects who underwent the intervention of electroacupuncture at Zusanli using 12-channel flexible head coils and 16-channel rigid head coils were enrolled. BOLD-fMRI examination was conducted before and immediately after the acupuncture. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF), and wavelet amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (Wavelet-ALFF) were used for post-processing. In addition to the conventional low-frequency band (0.01-0.1 Hz), and three sub-bands were also analyzed. A paired t-test was used to compare the changes in low-frequency amplitude before and after electroacupuncture intervention (GRF, voxel-wise p<0.01, cluster-wise p<0.05).
Results: Changes in the low-frequency amplitude of the resting-state brain were found in all three analysis methods with flexible coils. In addition, the best result was obtained using PerAF method; an increase in the PerAF values of the brain regions in the limbic system, including bilateral cingulate gyri, insula, temporal lobe, the right hippocampus, and the left thalamus, were seen after electroacupuncture. Furthermore, electroacupuncture-induced changes in spontaneous brain activity are frequency-dependent, and more positive results were displayed in the conventional low-frequency and slow-5 bands.
Conclusion: Flexible head coils combined with the PerAF method were more sensitive in revealing the changes in spontaneous activity of the resting-state brain after electroacupuncture at Zusanli, which were frequency-dependent.
On-Surface Synthesis and Real-Space Visualization of Aromatic P3N3
Authors: Zhong Qigang , Mardyukov Artur , Solel Ephrath , Ebeling Daniel , Schirmeisen André , Schreiner Peter
Published: November 2022

On-surface synthesis is at the verge of emerging as the method of choice for the generation and visualization of unstable or unconventional molecules, which could not be obtained via traditional synthetic methods. A case in point is the on-surface synthesis of the structurally elusive cyclotriphosphazene (P3N3), an inorganic aromatic analogue of benzene. Here, we report the preparation of this fleetingly existing species on a Cu(111) surface at 5.2 K through molecular manipulation with unprecedented precision, i.e., voltage pulse-induced sextuple dechlorination of an ultra-small (about 6 Å) hexachlorophosphazene P3N3Cl6 molecule by the tip of a scanning probe microscope. Real-space atomic-level imaging of cyclotriphosphazene reveals its planar D3h-symmetric ring structure. Furthermore, this synthetic strategy has been expanded to generate cyclotriphosphazene via photolysis of a hexaazide precursor P3N21 for complementary measurements by matrix isolation infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy.
Effect of a slump posture on pain, proprioception, and electrical activity of the muscles in office workers with chronic non-specific neck pain- a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheragh Zahra Ataei , Degens Hans , Sakinepoor Ainollah
Published: November 2022

Background

To date the influence that slump posture has on pain, proprioception, and electrical activity has been insufficiently investigated. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of pain, proprioception and muscle activity resulting from a slump posture.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 20 to July 10, 2021. A total of 15 42-(± 4.96)-year-old office workers with chronic non-specific neck pain participated in this study. Before and after 60- minutes of a writing task in a slump posture, proprioception and pain were measured using an inclinometer and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively. The activity of the cervical erector spine (CES) and upper trapezius (UT) muscle was also measured before and after the slump-posture writing task, in upright, forward, and slump postures.

Results

Paired-samples t-tests showed that pain was increased and proprioception in all directions (flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion, and right, and left rotation) was less accurate (P < 0.005) after the 60-minute writing task. After the writing task, CES and UT muscle activity were elevated more in the forward head and slump posture than in the upright posture (P < 0.005). A 60-minute slump posture writing task increased neck pain, resulted in a decreased proprioception in the neck and was accompanied by an increased activity of the neck musculature.

Perspective

This article presents slump posture writing task increased neck pain, resulted in a decreased proprioception in the neck and was accompanied by an increased activity of the neck musculature.
Methods for structural variant detection with long-read sequencing data
Authors: Liu Yichen Henry , Luo Can , Golding Staunton , Ioffe Jacob , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2022

The advent of third-generation sequencing and particularly long-read sequencing, which produces contiguous DNA fragments thousands of bases long, can greatly improve diploid genome assembly and detection of structural variants (SVs), in principle. With long-read whole genome sequencing data becoming increasingly available, designing efficient and reliable algorithms to identify SVs is critical. As a result, a plethora of SV callers have been recently developed to identify SVs. Alignment-based approaches are most popular because they are less computationally demanding and require substantially less sequencing coverage. Alternative approaches assembling the whole genome based on available reads alone (de novo assembly) and comparing assemblies to the reference genome with assembly-based tools to detect SVs, are much more demanding in data coverage and computational resources. However, the lack of comprehensive benchmarking limits our understanding of these two general approaches and hampers further algorithm development. Here we systematically compared 12 read alignment-based SV callers, and 4 assembly-based SV callers, along with 4 upstream aligners and 7 assemblers based on a rigorous and comprehensive benchmarking design. We provide performance results of these tools for different sizes of SVs, insertions vs. deletions, criteria for breakpoint and novel sequence detection, and alignment-based strategy vs. assembly-based strategies under different evaluation scenarios. Based on these results, we offer guidelines and recommendations for different tools and directions for further method development.
Potential Mechanisms of Osthole against Bladder Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation
Authors: Jiang Yunzhong , Zhang Mengzhao , Wang Lu , Zhang Lu , Ma Minghai , Jing Minxuan , Li Jianpeng , Song Rundong , Zhang Yuanquan , Yang Zezhong , Zhang Yaodong , Pu Yuanchun , Qu Xiaowei , Fan Jinhai
Published: November 2022

Backgroud: Osthole, a compound extracted from the fruit of Fructus cnidii was traditionally used in treatment for various diseases, such as male impotence, skin related dieases, and foul disease. In addition, it was reported that osthole could also inhibit various cancer. However, few studies had demonstrated that osthole could suppress bladder cancer and its mechanism was unclear. Therefore, we performed a research to explore the potential mechanism for osthole against bladder cancer. Methods: Internet web servers SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, SuperPRED, and TargetNet were used to predict the osthole targets. GeneCards and the OMIM database were used to indicate bladder cancer targets. The intersection of two target gene fragments was used to obtain the key target genes. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Furthermore, we used gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to explore the molecular function of target genes. AutoDock software was then used to perform molecular docking of target genes and osthole. Finally, an in vitro experiment was conducted to validate bladder cancer inhibition by osthole. Results: Our analysis identified 369 intersection genes for osthole, the top ten target genes included MAPK1, AKT1, SRC, HRAS, HASP90AA1, PIK3R1, PTPN11, MAPK14, CREBBP, and RXRA. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment results revealed that the PI3K-AKT pathway was closely correlated with osthole against bladder cancer. The osthole inhibited the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells. Additionally, osthole blocked the bladder cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promoted bladder cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT3) pathways. Conclusions: Osthole targets and related pathways have potential in the treatment of bladder cancer. Osthole therapy will likely inhibit proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K-AKT and JAK/STAT3 pathways. Subjects: Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, Molecular Biology
Rethinking Feature Aggregation Method in Single Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Chen Xiaozhen , Guo Yaoguang , Zhang Yumei , Fang Haoda
Published: November 2022

With the tremendous development of lightweight convolution neural networks, they have been widely employed in the research of lightweight single image super-resolution. However, these methods focus on the lightweight design of feature extraction blocks and neglect the lightweight aggregation methods that aggregate features from the feature extraction blocks. This paper analyzes the memory consumption of generic aggregation methods and proposes an adaptive local aggregation method. It adopts a set of trainable parameters and channels attention to implement a selective aggregation approach, further enhancing the aggregated network's generalization ability. To further lighten the model and improve the overall performance, we propose a novel re-parameterized branching block structure with spatial and channel diversity. While re-parameterizable structures have been employed in several types of research, they ignore that too many branches add additional training time overhead and are not friendly to devices with strong parallel computing power like GPU. Therefore, we redesign the branch structure by retaining part of the branches from the prior work with a significant performance gain and adding a lightweight branch structure, successfully balancing the expressivity and training time-cost of the block. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the necessity and superiority of our method over state-of-the-art single image super-resolution methods.
Missing Value Imputation on Gene Expression Data using Bee-based algorithm to Improve Classification Performance
Authors: Chungnoy Kritanat , Tanantong Tanatorn , Songmuamg Pokpong
Published: November 2022

Motivation: Existing missing value imputation methods focused on imputing the data regarding actual values. These mainly assisted towards a completion of datasets as an input for machine learning tasks. Gene expression dataset was one of expensive datasets that usually contains missing values from insufficient resolution and dust contaminants. As gene expression data were often used in machine learning for automated classification, we propose an imputation of missing value towards improvement of classification performance. The proposed method was based on Bee algorithm and K-nearest neighborhood with linear regression. Among the processes, GINI importance score was utilized in selecting values for imputation. The imputed values thus reflected on improving a discriminative power in classification tasks instead of replicating the actual values from the original dataset.
Result: In this study, we evaluated the proposed method in terms of classification performance against frequently used imputation methods including K-nearest neighborhood, PCA, and MICE with 3 cancer-identifying gene expression datasets. The values in the datasets were randomly removed for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 20% to obtain missing value datasets in different missing amount. The results indicated that the proposed method obtained the best classification performance from all datasets comparing to other methods. In comparison to original dataset, the classification model from imputed datasets using the proposed method yielded 15-25% higher classification accuracy. The results showed that feature ranking for classification was noticeably changed as the imputed data played the role to boost a discriminative power in a classification task.
The role of Dodola Community Conservation Area for large mammals conservation, Ethiopia.
Authors: Mekonnen Geremew , Girma Zerihun
Published: November 2022

The role of community conservation areas for large mammals is rarely evaluated. We investigate the species diversity and relative abundance of large mammals in the Dodola Community Conservation Area and compared the results with a large mammals survey 12 years prior. The study area was stratified into three habitat types, and 49 lines transect was laid (27 Dry evergreen Afromontane forests, 20 Sub-afro-alpine habitats, and 2 plantation forests) based on topography, land use, and vegetation cover of the study area. A total of 24 species of large mammals were identified and recorded in the study area. Seasonal variation in abundance of individuals of large mammals was significant (χ2 = 26.66, df = 1, p < 0.05). We conclude that most large mammal population sizes have increased over the last 12 years. Though, the community conservation area is home to diverse species of mammals including some endemic and endangered ones such as mountain nyala and Bale Monkey, human encroachment, agriculture, and overgrazing are prominent in the area, putting huge pressure on flora and fauna. Therefore, we recommend the participatory approach be strengthened to ensure sustainable co-existence between people and wildlife.
Cardiometabolic comorbidities and associated patterns of healthcare utilization and quality of life: results from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 2 in Ghana
Authors: Otieno Peter , Asiki Gershim , Wilunda Calistus , Wami Welcome , Agyemang Charles
Published: November 2022

Background
Understanding the patterns of comorbidities, defined as the co-occurrence of more than one chronic condition, is important for planning health system capacity and response. In this study, we identified classes of adults with cardiometabolic comorbidities and assessed the association of different comorbidity combinations with healthcare utilization and quality of life (QoL).
Methods
Data were from the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 2 (2015) conducted in Ghana. We analysed the clustering of cardiometabolic diseases including angina, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension with unrelated conditions such as asthma, chronic lung disease, arthritis, cataract and depression. Healthcare utilization was measured as the frequency of outpatient visits and hospitalization in the past 12 months. The QoL index was constructed using the WHOQoL instrument and recorded in tertiles labelled as poor, moderate and high. The clusters of adults with comorbidities were identified using latent class analysis (LCA). We used negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression to determine the association of comorbidity combinations with healthcare utilization and QoL.
Results
Data from 1,538 adults aged over 50 years who had used outpatient care in the 12 months preceding the survey were analysed. LCA identified three distinct patterns of comorbidities: minimal cardiometabolic comorbidities (72.3%), hypertension and arthritis (18.9%), and cardiopulmonary diseases, hypertension, angina, chronic lung disease, and asthma (8.9%). Relative to the minimal comorbidity class, hypertension and arthritis comorbidity was associated with a higher frequency of outpatient visits [β = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.4] and hospitalization [β = 0.7; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.2]. However, cardiopulmonary comorbidity was associated with a higher frequency of hospitalization [β = 1.1; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.9] and not outpatient visits. Compared to the participants with minimal cardiometabolic comorbidities, the odds of moderate and high quality of life were lower among participants with hypertension and arthritis comorbidity [aOR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.6] and cardiopulmonary comorbidities [aOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5].
Conclusion
Our findings show that cardiometabolic comorbidities among older persons in Ghana cluster together in distinct patterns that differ in healthcare utilization. This evidence may be used in healthcare planning to optimize treatment and care.