bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Over 96,000 Patient-Years
Authors: de Carvalho Luiz Sérgio F. , Campos Alessandra M. , Sposito Andrei C.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

Like mutations with loss of function in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene, inhibitors of PCSK9 (PCSK9i) may potentially favor the manifestation of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A meta-analysis of phase 2/3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessed PCSK9i versus placebo in the primary hypercholesterolemia setting. Statins and ezetimibe were used in 98.4% of these studies and balanced between PCSK9i and placebo. We calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs using random- and fixed-effect models.

RESULTS

We included 68,123 participants (20 RCTs) with median follow-up of 78 weeks. PCSK9i increased fasting blood glucose (weighted mean difference 1.88 mg/dL [95% CI 0.91–2.68]; I2 = 0%; P < 0.001) and HbA1c (0.032% [0.011–0.050]; I2 = 15.5%; P < 0.001) when compared with placebo. This effect was not sufficient to increase incidence of diabetes (RR 1.04 [0.96–1.13]; I2 = 0%; P = 0.427). Exploratory meta-regression analyses indicated an association between the increased risk of diabetes and the potency (P = 0.029) and duration (P = 0.026) of PCSK9i treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

In the short term, PCSK9i therapy favors a small but significant increase in plasma glycemia and HbA1c.
Influencia del proceso en las propiedades de película soplada
Authors: Cabal editor Rodrigo
Published: November 2017

Se describe la influencia del proceso en las propiedades de la película soplada la importancia de poner atención a cada uno de esos procesos ya que las propiedades mecánicas, térmicas y ópticas de película soplada son resultado de la orientación macromolecular que tiene lugar durante el proceso de transformación y se vuelve permanente a partir de la línea de solidificación.
La inyección con desgasificación. Ahora es posible conservando la longitud estándar del tornillo
Authors: Nieto (traductor) Jair Eugenio
Published: November 2017

Las máquinas de inyección con cilindro de desgasificación y tornillo reciprocante fueron desarrolladas para eliminar la humedad de los materiales sin la necesidad de pre-secarlos. Alrededor de 1970, el uso de las máquinas de inyección con desgasificación se hizo más amplia y se notó que al utilizar una máquina de moldeo con desgasificación, la operación de moldeo difería ligeramente de la inyección convencional, sin desgasificación, por lo tanto se presentan algunas condiciones que debieron tenerse cuenta para la operación de la inyección con desgasificación.
Importancia de las dotes de comunicación en la negociación
Authors: Cellich Claude
Published: November 2017

Los dirigentes de empresas pequeñas y medianas, en particular, han de dominar el arte de la negociación en un mercado mundializado. Las técnicas comunicación son una vertiente importante del arte de negociar. La negociación tiene que ver ante todo con la comunicación, es un diálogo en el que cada uno explica su posición y escucha lo que dice el interlocutor. En este artículo se detallan algunos elementos esenciales de toda comunicación eficaz en materia de negociación comercial.
Convenio SENA-MCC (Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa) proyecto: transferencia de tecnología a empresas
Authors: García Jesús A.
Published: November 2017

El convenio SENA-MONDRAGÓN que se firmó en noviembre de 1997 y se empezó a ejecutar en diciembre de ese mismo año, contempló el desarrollo de seis grandes proyectos.
Recubrimiento duro BALINIT en útiles de conformado
Authors: Elay S.A. Balzers
Published: November 2017

BALINIT es un recubrimiento PVD el cual se deposita por el método de plaqueado iónico "Ion Plating". Esto garantiza una buena adherencia de la capa de hasta 4mm de espesor y una estructura de grano fino. En comparación con otros tratamientos de superficies, el recubrimiento PVD ofrece también una relación favorable de costes/resultado y mejora el rendimiento de las herramientas.
Normas para materiales termoplásticos por procesos
Authors: Fernández Henry Marino
Published: November 2017

Se presenta una relación de normas clasificadas por los procesos de transformación de plásticos: extrusión de tubos, extrusión de película, extrusión, soplado e inyección, Se incluye además una guía para identificación de plásticos.
Resinas poliéster insaturadas
Authors: Fernández Henry Marino
Published: November 2017

Se describen características de las resinas poliéster en cuanto a propiedades mecánicas, físicas, químicas, entre otras.
Manual de mantenimiento. Parte VII: el computador como herramienta del mantenimiento.
Authors: Botero Camilo
Published: November 2017

Se describe la inserción del computador como una herramienta que permitió la mejora en la labor del personal de mantenimiento, reducir el tiempo muerto de los equipos, tener información más precisa, identificar rápidamente las variaciones, apoyar la planeación, organización, ejecución y control; reducir los costos y realizar análisis detallados y estadísticos quo antes no eran factibles.
De las tecnologías tradicionales a la informática: la solución de post-procesamiento para máquinas CNC.
Authors: Chaparro C. Edison , Amaya Alvaro
Published: November 2017

El Post-procesador se identificó como un sistema genérico que permitió beneficios significativos dentro de la manufactura, estandarización de la programación y una mejor utilización de las herramientas de la máquina, por lo tanto se constituyó como una parte importante en la automatización de la empresa.
Ensayo de tracción según norma DIN 53455
Authors: Berón Zea (traductor) Ricardo
Published: November 2017

Según norma, el ensayo de tracción sirve para evaluar el comportamiento de los materiales plásticos sometidos a esfuerzo uniaxial de tracción. La  traducción de la norma se hizó para beneficio de la industria colombiana con fines no comerciales.
Transformación de plásticos en máquinas inyectoras
Authors: Jaramillo Alvaro
Published: November 2017

Se describe el proceso de transformación de plásticos en máquinas inyectoras.
La espectroscopía vibracional aplicada a la investigación y desarrollo de materiales plásticos. Parte I.
Authors: Escandón Juan Manuel
Published: November 2017

Se describe el proceso de la espectroscopia vibracional aplicada a la investigación y desarrollo de materiales plásticos.
Manual de mantenimiento. Parte II: organización de un departamento de mantenimiento
Authors: Botero Camilo
Published: November 2017

En la organización de un departamento de mantenimiento se debe tener muy buenos conocimientos de las técnicas y los principios de la administración, con el fin de lograr una clara definición de los objetivos, los cargos, sus funciones, los requisitos para ocuparlos y las relaciones entre personas y departamentos. Se describe en este artículo la organización de un departamento de mantenimiento.
Effects of intravenous administration of lidocaine and buprenorphine on gastrointestinal tract motility and signs of pain in New Zealand White rabbits after ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Schnellbacher Rodney W. , Divers Stephen J. , Comolli Jessica R. , Beaufrère Hugues , Maglaras Christina H. , Andrade Natalia , Barbur Laura A. , Rosselli Desiree D. , Stejskal Marko , Barletta Michele , Mayer Jörg , Rodriguez Paula , Quandt Jane E.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE To compare analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of lidocaine and buprenorphine administered to rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

ANIMALS Fourteen 12-month-old female New Zealand White rabbits.

PROCEDURES Rabbits were assigned to 2 treatment groups (7 rabbits/group). One group received buprenorphine (0.06 mg/kg, IV, q 8 h for 2 days), and the other received lidocaine (continuous rate infusion [CRI] at 100 μg/kg/min for 2 days). Variables, including food and water consumption, fecal output, glucose and cortisol concentrations, and behaviors while in exercise pens, were recorded.

RESULTS Rabbits receiving a lidocaine CRI had significantly higher gastrointestinal motility, food intake, and fecal output and significantly lower glucose concentrations, compared with results for rabbits receiving buprenorphine. Rabbits receiving lidocaine also had a higher number of normal behaviors (eg, sprawling, traveling, and frolicking) after surgery, compared with behaviors such as crouching and sitting that were seen more commonly in rabbits receiving buprenorphine. Both groups had significant weight loss after surgery. Pain scores did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Significant decreases in heart rate and respiratory rate were observed on the day of surgery, compared with values before and after surgery. Rabbits in the lidocaine group had significantly overall lower heart rates than did rabbits in the buprenorphine group.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A CRI of lidocaine to rabbits provided better postoperative outcomes with respect to fecal output, food intake, and glucose concentrations. Thus, lidocaine appeared to be a suitable alternative to buprenorphine for alleviating postoperative pain with minimal risk of anorexia and gastrointestinal ileus.
Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam in serum and synovial fluid samples following regional intravenous perfusion in the distal portion of a hind limb of adult cattle
Authors: Depenbrock Sarah M. , Simpson Katharine M. , Niehaus Andrew J. , Lakritz Jeffrey , Papich Mark G.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE To describe concentration-over-time data for ampicillin and sulbactam in the digital and systemic circulations and synovial fluid (SYN) of cattle following a single injection of ampicillin-sulbactam as a regional IV perfusion (RIVP).

ANIMALS 6 healthy adult nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows.

PROCEDURES The right hind limb of each cow was aseptically prepared. A tourniquet was applied around the midmetatarsal region, and 1.0 g of ampicillin with 0.5 g of sulbactam in a combined formulation was administered as an RIVP into the dorsal common digital vein (DCDV). Blood samples from the DCDV and jugular vein and SYN samples from the metatarsophalangeal joint of the prepared limb were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after RIVP. One blood sample was obtained from the abaxial proper plantar vein of the lateral digit of the prepared limb 0.25 hours after RIVP. Serum and SYN ampicillin and sulbactam concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS Mean ± SD maximum concentration of ampicillin in SYN and serum obtained from the abaxial proper plantar and jugular veins was 1,995 ± 1,011 μg/mL, 5,422 ± 1,953 μg/mL, and 2.5 ± 1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Corresponding serum and SYN concentrations of sulbactam were lower but followed the same pattern over time as those for ampicillin. Synovial fluid ampicillin concentration remained above 8 μg/mL for a mean time of 18.9 hours.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Potentially therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin were achieved in regional serum and SYN samples; SYN concentrations remained at potentially therapeutic values for > 12 hours following RIVP of 1.5 g of ampicillin-sulbactam in the hind limb of healthy cows.
In vivo evaluation of effects of sedation on results of acoustoelastography of the superficial digital flexor tendons in clinically normal horses
Authors: De Gasperi Diego , Dzierzak Samantha L. , Muir Peter , Vanderby Ray , Brounts Sabrina H.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of sedation on results of acoustoelastography of the superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) in clinically normal horses.

ANIMALS 27 clinically normal horses.

PROCEDURES For each horse, the pathology index (PI) for the SDFT of each thoracic limb was determined by use of acoustoelastography at 4 locations (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone). Horses were evaluated before and after they were sedated with a combination of detomidine hydrochloride (0.01 mg/kg, IV) and butorphanol tartrate (0.01 mg/kg, IV). A repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS Overall, the PI was lower after sedation than before sedation. In addition, the PI was lower at more distal locations than at more proximal locations. There was not a significant effect of limb (left or right). Differences among individual horses accounted for the largest variance effect.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sedation with detomidine and butorphanol facilitated acoustoelastography; however, it decreased the SDFT PI in clinically normal horses and should be used consistently in prospective studies. Variance associated with each individual horse in the sample population had the greatest effect on the PI.
Entidades y «entes» de ámbito territorial inferior al municipio tras la reforma local de 2013
Authors: Pizarro Nevado Rafael
Published: November 2017

La Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de racionalización y sostenibilidad de la Administración Local (LRSAL), reformó profundamente la legislación básica sobre entidades de ámbito territorial inferior al municipio para adecuarla a los principios de eficiencia, estabilidad presupuestaria y sostenibilidad financiera. Esa regulación, junto con otros preceptos de la LRSAL, fue objeto de numerosos recursos de inconstitucionalidad. Durante el último año el Tribunal Constitucional ha resuelto la mayor parte de esos recursos, por lo que es oportuno determinar qué repercusión ha tenido finalmente la LRSAL en la legislación autonómica sobre entidades inframunicipales y cuáles son las alternativas que se ofrecen a las poblaciones separadas que aspiren a disfrutar de una mayor y más directa implicación en el gobierno de los intereses de sus vecinos. Para ello se expone en primer lugar la doctrina constitucional sobre la competencia estatal para regular sobre este tipo de entidades, el alcance de la reforma y las opciones que se abren ante el legislador autonómico. Posteriormente se analizan los preceptos de carácter básico que específicamente se refieren a las dos soluciones organizativas previstas en la LRSAL, las tradicionales entidades de ámbito territorial inferior al municipio, que conservan su personalidad jurídica y su condición de entidades locales, y los nuevos órganos municipales desconcentrados, impropiamente llamados «entes de ámbito territorial inferior al municipio».
The Determing Activation Energy of Total Oxidation Reaction of m-xylene over La0,7Sr0,3BO3 (B = Mn, Fe, Ni) Perovskite Catalysts
Authors: Huyen Tran Thi Thu , Luyen Tran Thi , Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet
Published: November 2017

Perovskite-type oxides containing rare earth ions and transition metals are of interest for catalytic oxidation and reduction reactions associated with automotive exhaust emission control. They are known to exhibit a good catalytic activity in the total oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon and removal of nitrogen oxides. By partially substitution of A and B ions of the perovskite with others, a wide variety of mixed oxides A1-xA’xB1-yB’yO3 can be obtained, allowing the systematic modification of the catalytic properties. We presented the preparation and the catalytic properties of and La0.7Sr0.3BO3 (B = Mn, Fe, Ni) perovskites in total oxidation of m-xylene in previous report. Obtained results showed that they exhibit a good catalytic activity in total oxidation of  m-xylene at relatively low reaction temperature. In present work, the activation energy of total oxidation reaction of m-xylene over these catalysts are determined. The results show that the activation energy of studied catalyst is ranging about from 11.5 to 13.4 kcal/mol. The replacement of Mn by Fe and Ni in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3  perovskite catalyst reduces the catalytic property of  La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 catalyst and increases the activation energy of the total oxidation reaction of m-xylene.
Influence of Hydrotalcite Containing Corrosion Inhibitormodified by Silane on Corrosion Protection Performance of Epoxy Coating
Authors: Anh Nguyen Tuan , Hoa Ngo Thi , Hang To Thi Xuan , Duong Nguyen Thuy , Truc Trinh Anh
Published: November 2017

Abstract:

Zinc aluminum hydrotalcite containing 2-benzothiazolythio-succinic acid (HT-BTSA) and modified by 2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) at different concentrations (3%, 5% and 10%). APS modified HT-BTSA (HT-BTSA-S) was incorporated in epoxy coatings at 3% concentration. The corrosion protective performance of the epoxy coatings containing HT-BTSA-S were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, adhesion measurement.  The results showed that the presence of HT-BTSA-S improved protection performance of epoxy coating and the best protection was obtained with HT-BTSA modified with 5 % APS.
Current status of Harmful Termites (Isoptera) in Hoi An Ancient Town and Effectiveness of Control of Main Harmful Coptotermes with Bait BDM 10
Authors: Huy Nguyen Quoc
Published: November 2017

The results of investigations and assessments about termites damagging 178 buildings in the Hoi An ancient town identified 6 species of 2 genera and 2 families. In which, Coptotermes was dominant genus with 4 species, and Cryptotermes had 2 species. There were 102/178 investigated buildings being invaded by termites with various levels. There were 4 species identified as major pests for the Hoi An ancient town. The most dangerous termite species for building was Coptotermes gestroi, followed by Coptotermes formosanus, C. ceylonicus and Cryptotermes domesticus. 77 works which were invaded by Coptotermes had been treated with BDM10 bait. The results showed that the efficiency of termite treatment reached 100% in all of works, in which: 78.11% of the works had achieved the control effect just for the first treatmen; 19,39% of the works needed to be treated for the second time and only 2.5% of the works that were severely damaged, needed  the third time for control with bait.
Eksplorasi Serat Nanas dengan Aplikasi Sulam Sashiko
Authors: Fasza Nabila
Published: November 2017

Indonesia is a tropical country that has wide variety of flora and fauna. Various kind of plants are used for many needs. Fiber is an important crop that can be used by human after food crops. Beside the fruit is harvested for consumption, pineapple plant left a lot of leaf waste because after two to three harvest time, the old plant will be replace with new plants. This research aims to exploit pineapple fiber as an alternative raw material for textile by applying Sashiko embroidery on the exploration results of pineapple fiber. Design development is done with pineapple fibers exploration by using mango leaves as natural dye and Sashiko embroidery as their surface design. Sashiko embroidery created ornaments that can be used as an aesthetic element in the field of fabric. Sashiko embroidery application on the exploration of pineapple fiber is expected to raise the aesthetic value of order and pineapple fiber with a new structure that is intended for fesyen products.
Uso de biofertilizante associado a diferentes formas de plantio no desenvolvimento inicial do cafeeiro arábica
Authors: Figueiredo Lucas Henrique , Miranda Gustavo Rabelo Botrel , Faria Vilella Paulo Marcio
Published: November 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo, a produtividade e o rendimento do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) ao decorrer das safras 2014/2015 e 2015/2016 implantado nos sistemas de plantio em cova, cultivo mínimo e convencional, bem como avaliar a bienalidade de produtividade do cafeeiro no decorrer dos dois anos. Tais sistemas de plantio foram associados ao uso ou não, de adubação biológica líquida via foliar e,como parâmetro avaliou-se altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, diâmetro de copa, número de ramos plagiotrópicos como desenvolvimento vegetativo; produtividade das safras, rendimento de produção e bienalidade.Como resultados, não houve diferença estatística para rendimento entre os tipos de plantio e a aplicação de adubo biológico via foliar, para a safra de 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. Houve diferença estatística para o tipo de plantio, sendo que o de covas sobressaiu aos demais. Para a bienalidade de produtividade do cafeeiro o plantio que mais se adequou foi o de sulcos.
Efeito da aplicação de piraclostrobina no crescimento inicial de café arábica em diferentes disponibilidades hídricas
Authors: Peloso Anelisa Figueiredo , Tatagiba Sandro Dan , Amaral José Francisco Teixeira , Cavatte Paulo Cesar , Tomaz Marcelo Antônio
Published: November 2017

Objetivou-se com este estudo investigar o efeito da piraclostrobina no crescimento inicial de plantas de Coffea arabica L. submetidas ou não ao déficit hídrico, utilizando para isso, a avaliação das características da matéria seca total (MST), da parte aérea (MSPA) e da raiz (MSR), área foliar (AF), altura e diâmetro do coleto, além da eficiência no uso da água de produtividade (EUAp) em plantas cultivadas a 100 (-DH, sem déficit hídrico) e 30% (+DH, com déficit hídrico) de água disponível no substrato. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi verificado que a aplicação de piraclostrobina nas plantas submetidas a -DH, principalmente na maior concentração (1,4 g/L), favoreceu o incremento da MST, da MSPA, da MSR, da área foliar, altura, diâmetro do coleto e da EUAp. Sob déficit hídrico (+DH), o crescimento das plantas não foi beneficiado pela aplicação de piraclostrobina, independente da concentração utilizada, evidenciando a necessidade do controle de água adequado como estratégia de manejo para a produção.
Distribuição espacial do ataque da broca-do-café no café conilon
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Bruno Sérgio , Thomazini Herzog Thaisa , Da Silva Marcelo Barreto , Gontijo Ivoney , Partelli Fábio Luiz
Published: November 2017

O conhecimento do padrão de distribuição espacial de um inseto permite concentrar o esforço amostral e de manejo nos locais onde se encontram as maiores densidades populacionais. Além disso, o comportamento espacial do inseto fornece informações sobre as condições no agroecossitema e a migração ou agregação da praga. Apesar da importância para o manejo de pragas, o conhecimento sobre a distribuição espacial de Hypothenemus hampei no café conilon possui raros relatos na literatura. Assim, objetivou-se no presente estudo determinar a variabilidade espacial da incidência de H. hampei no café conilon. Foi instalada uma malha irregular com 100 pontos em uma lavoura de alta produtividade, localizada em São Mateus, ES, safras 2011/2012 e 2012/2013. Avaliou-se após a coleta de amostras de frutos em cada ponto o número de frutos atacados pela praga por meio da verificação da perfuração característica nos frutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise geostatística. Foi possível verificar a variabilidade de densidade no ataque da praga nos diferentes anos safra. Os semivariogramas referentes ao ataque do inseto ajustaram-se melhor ao modelo esférico e ao modelo exponencial, com índice de dependência espacial de 72 e 62%, respectivamente. Observou-se uma tendência de movimentação do ataque da praga de uma safra para outra a partir das bordas para o centro da lavoura.
A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NA EDUCACAO DO CAMPO: UM OLHAR A PARTIR DAS PRODUÇÕES DA ANPED DOS ANOS DE 2012 A 2016
Authors: Souza Agda Monteiro de , Costa Lucinete Gadelha da
Published: November 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as pesquisas que buscam contribuir para o desenvolvimento curricular da educação infantil no contexto do campo. O procedimento metodológico na construção deste estudo foi realizado a partir do estado da arte que segundo Ferreira (2002) trata-se de um inventário descritivo, cujo principal objetivo é criar um quadro panorâmico das pesquisas realizadas em torno de temas específicos. Assim, realizamos o levantamento dos trabalhos apresentados e publicados nos anais da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd) entre os anos de 2012 a 2016 voltadas a educação infantil no contexto do campo. Os movimentos sociais populares do campo reivindicam o direito a uma educação contextualizada, voltada aos reais interesses dos povos que habitam e trabalham nos diversos campos brasileiro. As experiências de aprendizagens nos trabalhos mapeados, ratificam o que já nos propomos investigar que envolve a formação profissional dos docentes, se os professores residem na comunidade onde a escola está localizada, e ainda, se na prática pedagógica e no brincar das crianças há elementos naturais tais como água, árvores, gravetos, folhas, frutos, sementes ou qualquer elemento da fauna e flora local.
ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS EM ESPAÇOS NÃO FORMAIS À LUZ DA EPISTEMOLOGIA BACHELARDIANA
Authors: Lobo Huanderson Barroso , Trindade Daniela Sulamita Almeida da , Cordovil Ronara Viana
Published: November 2017

As experiências sensitivas presentes nos espaços não formais fornecem variadas possibilidades que contribuem para a aprendizagem em ciências, suscitando interesse pela compreensão do fenômeno estudado. Desse modo, a abordagem aponta possibilidades de aproximação entre os temas científicos e os espaços não formais, com a finalidade de facilitar a compreensão da ciência a estudantes da Educação Básica e tem o objetivo de relacionar o ensino de ciências, em espaço formal e não formal com os obstáculos epistemológicos, propostos por Bachelard, considerando as concepções dos aprendizes como modelos explicativos postos em ruptura, mediante a problematização do objeto científico. A pesquisa de cunho fenomenológico, com uma abordagem qualitativa, é complementada com observações de campo in lócus, como parte das atividades que estamos realizando junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Ensino de Ciências na Amazônia, da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA). Conclui-se que, a visita a espaços não formais, ampliam as possiblidades de aprendizagem, conectando ciência e tecnologia, oportunizando a apropriação do conhecimento científico.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL E MAPAS MENTAIS: UM DIAGNÓSTICO DOS ALUNOS ACERCA DO ECOSSISTEMA MANGUEZAL
Authors: Santos Aldeci dos , Vasconcelos Carlos Alberto de
Published: November 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a importância dos mapas mentais na percepção ambiental de alunos do 6º ano do Ensino de Ciências, quanto ao ecossistema manguezal. Para tanto, foi solicitado aos alunos que representassem o manguezal através de desenhos (mapas mentais), no intuito de avaliar o nível de percepção ambiental e de que maneira o ecossistema manguezal é visto por esses discentes. A análise foi feita através de categorização temática, permitindo a sistematização e interpretação das informações contidas nas redações sobre os temas mais citados pelos alunos. Nos mapas mentais e redações constatou-se que a paisagem afeta o indivíduo e vice-versa, através de diversidades de interpretações positivas e negativas, com algumas visões distorcidas e depreciativas quanto ao ecossistema manguezal. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de se fazer uma abordagem mais integradora e sistêmica dos assuntos discutidos em sala de aula, revelando a urgência de rever os métodos e práticas empregados durante o processo de ensino.
Modified surveillance of influenza A(H1N1)v virus infections in France
Authors: Influenza A(H1N1)v investigation teams
Published: November 2017

Up to early July 2009, surveillance of H1N1 cases in France was based on the identification of all possible cases in order to implement, around each of them, control measures aimed at delaying the spread of the virus. The global dissemination of the virus and the starting community transmission in France led us to shift to a population-based surveillance relying mainly on the identification and investigation of clusters of influenza-like illness, on the identification and individual follow-up of confirmed hospitalised cases as well as on the monitoring, through various sentinel systems, of the use of ambulatory and hospital care for influenza-like symptoms.
HIV and STI behavioural surveillance among men who have sex with men in Europe
Authors: Elford J , Jeannin A , Spencer B , Gervasoni J P , van de Laar M J , Dubois-Arber F , the HIV and STI Behavioural Surveillance Mapping Group Collective
Published: November 2017

This paper describes behavioural surveillance for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe, focusing on the methods and indicators used. In August 2008, questionnaires were sent to European Union Member States and European Free Trade Association countries seeking information on behavioural surveillance activities among eight population groups including MSM. Thirty-one countries were invited to take part in the survey and 27 returned a questionnaire on MSM. Of these 27 countries, 14 reported that there was a system of behavioural surveillance among MSM in their country while another four countries had conducted behavioural surveys of some kind in this subpopulation. In the absence of a sampling frame, all European countries used convenience samples for behavioural surveillance among MSM. Most European countries used the Internet for recruiting and surveying MSM for behavioural surveillance reflecting increasing use of the Internet by MSM for meeting sexual partners. While there was a general consensus about the main behavioural indicators (unprotected anal intercourse, condom use, number of partners, HIV testing), there was considerable diversity between countries in the specific indicators used. We suggest that European countries reach an agreement on a core set of indicators. In addition we recommend that the process of harmonising HIV and STI behavioural surveillance among MSM in Europe continues.
Sexual risk behaviour and its determinants among men who have sex with men in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Folch C , Muñoz R , Zaragoza K , Casabona J
Published: November 2017

To evaluate the prevalence of sexual risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Catalonia and to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners a convenience sample of 850 MSM was recruited in 2006. An anonymous questionnaire was used to explore risk behaviours during the previous 12 months. Logistic regression models were used to examine the variables associated with UAI. Mean age was 41 years and 20.4% were immigrants. Among those with casual partners (91.7% of all respondents), 31.4% had UAI. The multivariate analysis revealed that the likelihood of UAI was higher in men who were HIV-positive (OR: 1.77), used more than four drugs before sex (OR: 4.90 for +6), were not from Spain (OR: 2.10 for Latin American; OR: 1.86 for other immigrants), had more than 20 sexual partners (OR: 1.56), met casual sex partners on the Internet (OR:1.45) and presented a high level of internalised homophobia (OR: 2.40). HIV/STI prevention programmes for MSM in Catalonia should incorporate activities that strengthen self-esteem, take into account the impact of internalised homophobia, and adapt to the sociocultural reality of immigrants. Furthermore, these programmes should also address substance abuse and alert HIV-positive men about the risk of HIV re-infection and transmission of other STI.
Disproportionate and increasing burden of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Slovenia: surveillance data for 1999-2008
Authors: Klavs I , Bergant N , Kastelic Z , Lamut A , Kustec T
Published: November 2017

The report presents data on HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Slovenia during 1999-2008. HIV surveillance was based on universal mandatory reporting of HIV/AIDS cases, monitoring HIV infection prevalence among sentinel populations of MSM and STI patients and selected behaviour indicators in a sentinel population of MSM. Among 48 newly diagnosed HIV cases reported for 2008, 34 were MSM. Since 1999, the annual reported rate of HIV diagnoses in MSM rose from 7.1 to 46.8 per million men aged 15-64 years (an increase of more than six times). During 1999-2008, the proportion of MSM diagnosed with AIDS within three months of HIV diagnosis declined from 60% to 21%, however, the corresponding rate per million men aged 15-64 increased from 4.3 to 9.6. During 1999-2008, HIV prevalence among male clients of STI outpatient services tested for syphilis (including a substantial proportion of MSM) increased from 0% to 3.4%, and it remained below 5% in a sentinel population of MSM in Ljubljana. In the same sentinel population of MSM, the proportion reporting HIV test last year increased from 29% in 2003 to 38% in 2008 while the proportion reporting condom use at last anal intercourse decreased from 81% in 2004 to 66% in 2008. The burden of HIV among MSM in Slovenia is disproportionately high and increasing fast. Promotion of safer sexual behaviour and HIV testing among MSM as well as positive prevention among MSM with diagnosed HIV infection are urgently needed.
Prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus amongst professional meat handlers in the Netherlands, March–July 2008
Authors: de Jonge R , Verdier J E , Havelaar A H
Published: November 2017

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Appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy: a multicentre prevalence survey in the Netherlands, 2008–2009
Authors: Willemsen I , van der Kooij T , van Benthem B , Wille J , Kluytmans J
Published: November 2017

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Using critical realism and reflexivity to explain broadband non-adoption in rural Australia
Authors: Dobson Philip , Jackson Paul
Published: November 2017

Australia is conducting a substantial nationwide provision of broadband. It is primarily a fixed line network but includes wireless and satellite networks in more remote areas. The rollout is under the control of the NBN Co, whose goal is ensuring access to fast broadband for all Australians. The NBN Co has recently recognized the importance of adoption by including premises activated as a KPI alongside service provision. Coverage and adoption reflect the two faces of the NBN rollout – as a technical program and as a social program. Adoption will be the ultimate measure of the success of the NBN as a social program. Ubiquitous Internet adoption across all sectors is necessary to maximize the promised benefits. The adoption of broadband is an important first step in achieving this. International experience suggests that broadband adoption is plateauing and this has prompted our proposal that there needs to be focus on non-adoption rather than adoption. We suggest that it is important to be able to explain the mechanisms by which individuals respond to the promise of the Internet. Only by so doing can we address issues. We contend that there needs to be more focus on those disenchanted or disinterested “non-users” who are never likely to adopt without specific targeted strategies. We argue for a critical realist perspective, more particularly reflexivity, to better represent the adoption context and to provide a grounding for explanations of the causes behind the decision not to adopt. We also propose possible common-sense strategies to reverse non-adoption.
Preface to Selected Papers from ACIS 2016
Authors: Lamp John W
Published: November 2017

Preface
Publicly Manifested—Fatefully Determined—Invariably “Discreet”: The Assessment of Sexuality-Based Asylum Claims in Germany and France
Authors: Wessels Janna
Published: November 2017

One of the most controversial issues concerning sexuality-based asylum claims in recent years has been “discretion” reasoning—the notion that a claimant can avoid persecution by behaving “discreetly.” Though often challenged, such reasoning has remained resilient in the English-speaking common law jurisdictions, upon which research has mainly focused to date. This article broadens the debate by undertaking a detailed exploration of “discretion” reasoning in sexuality-based asylum claims in Germany and France, two of the major European civil law jurisdictions. In the first part, the article demonstrates that in very different forms “discretion” logics have traditionally also affected sexuality-based asylum claims in each of these jurisdictions. The second part of the article explores the effects that the Europeanization of asylum and the rejections of the “discretion” requirement by the UK Supreme Court in 2010 and the Court of Justice of the European Union in 2012 and 2013 have had on established French and German jurisprudence. The analysis reveals that rather than ending “discretion” reasoning in Germany and France, these developments have transformed it, such that it persists in a different shape. Much like in the common law jurisdictions, with all of its problematic implications, “discretion” reasoning remains deeply entrenched and resistant in German and French decision-making practice concerning sexuality-based asylum claims.
CAx-Prozesskette für komplexe Rotationsbauteile
Authors: Königs Michael , Huwer Tobias , Dax Paul
Published: November 2017

Kurzfassung

Die spanende Fertigung komplexer Rotationsbauteile ist sehr aufwändig, weswegen die Geometrien häufig auf Kosten der Effizienz vereinfacht werden. Erst durch den Einsatz von Sonderbearbeitungszentren und -werkzeugen ist eine Fertigung der komplexen Geometrien realisierbar. Es entstehen allerdings hohe Kosten für die Herstellung der Sonderwerkzeuge. Ziel des Vorhabens „OpToRoMill“ war die Entwicklung einer CAx-Prozesskette, welche die Fertigung mit herkömmlichen Vollhartmetallfräsern ermöglicht.
Ground-State Long-Range Proton Transfer Controlled by Proton-Accepting Ability of Hydrogen-Bonded Chains: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Fang Hua
Published: November 2017

The ground-state triple proton transfer (GSTPT) reactions in HCOOH complexing with H2O, CH3OH, C2H5OH and mixed water–alcohol molecules were studied by quantum mechanical methods in the gas phase and in heptane. The triple proton transfer in HCOOH–S1–S2 (S1, S2 = H2O, CH3OH, C2H5OH) systems all occurred in an asynchronous but concerted protolysis mechanism. The formation pattern of the hydrogen-bonded chain was important to reduce the barrier height of the proton transfer process. When the hydrogen-bonded chain consisted of two identical CH3OH or C2H5OH molecules in the HCOOH–S1–S2 complexes, the GSTPT barrier height of HCOOH–S1–S2 decreased by more than 2 kcal mol−1 compared to that of HCOOH–H2O–H2O both in the gas phase and in heptane, because CH3OH and C2H5OH had larger proton-accepting abilities than had H2O. When the two solvent molecules in the hydrogen-bonded chain in the HCOOH–S1–S2 complexes were different, the barrier height of the proton transfer process varied depending on the proton-accepting ability (basicity) of the hydrogen-bonded chain. The bigger the proton-accepting ability (basicity) of the hydrogen-bonded chain, the lower the barrier height of the proton transfer process. Mixed bridging solvent molecules could accumulate their proton-accepting abilities and thus speeded up proton transfer. The solvent effect evidently decreased the zero point energy-corrected barrier heights of HCOOH clusters and increased the asynchronicity of the proton transfer, while the proton transfer mechanisms did not change in heptane.
Asymptotic formulae for the risk of failure related to an elasto-plastic problem with noise
Authors: Feau Cyril , Laurière Mathieu , Mertz Laurent
Published: November 2017

The risk of failure of mechanical structures under random forcing is an important concern in earthquake engineering. For a class of simple structures that can be modeled by an elasto-plastic oscillator, the risk of failure can be expressed in terms of the probability that, on a certain interval of time, the plastic deformation goes beyond a threshold related to a failure zone. In this note, asymptotic formulae for the risk of failure of an elasto-perfectly-plastic oscillator excited by a white noise are proposed. Our approach exploits the long cycle (repeating pattern) property of the aforementioned oscillator as introduced in A. Bensoussan, L. Mertz, S.C.P. Yam, Long cycle behaviour of the plastic deformation of an elasto-perfectly-plastic oscillator with noise, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I, 2012. We show that asymptotically the plastic deformation behaves like a Wiener process for which analytical formulae are available. Our result is a consequence of the Anscombe–Donsker Invariance Principle. Numerical experiments and comments are carried out.
Imaging Response of Antiangiogenic and Immune-Oncology Drugs in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC): Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Fournier Laure , Bellucci Alexandre , Vano Yann , Bouaboula Mehdi , Thibault Constance , Elaidi Reza , Oudard Stephane , Cuenod Charles
Published: November 2017

This report aims to review criteria which have been proposed for treatment evaluation in mRCC under anti-angiogenic and immune-oncologic therapies and discuss future challenges for imagers.

RECIST criteria seem to only partially reflect the clinical benefit derived from anti-angiogenic drugs in mRCC. New methods of analysis propose to better evaluate response to these drugs, including a new threshold for size criteria (–10%), attenuation (Choi and modified Choi criteria), functional imaging techniques (perfusion CT, ultrasound or MRI), and new PET radiotracers.

Imaging of progression is one of the main future challenges facing imagers. It is progression and not response that will trigger changes in therapy, therefore it is tumour progression that should be identified by imaging techniques to guide the oncologist on the most appropriate time to change therapy. Yet little is known on dynamics of tumour progression, and much data still needs to be accrued to understand it. Finally, as immunotherapies develop, flare or pseudo-progression phenomena are observed. Studies need to be performed to determine whether imaging can distinguish between patients undergoing pseudo-progression for which therapy should be continued, or true progression for which the treatment must be changed.
Tissue Expression of Erythropoietin Predicts Survival Rates in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ferreira Daniel Beltrame , da Costa Walter Henriques , Clavijo Diego Abreu , Decia Ricardo , Cunha Isabela Werneck , Schultz Luciana , Rocha Rafael Malagoli , Guimarães Gustavo Cardoso , Zequi Stênio de Cássio
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To evaluate immunohistochemical erythropoietin (EPO) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), its association with major clinicopathological variables and its prognostic impact.

Methods:

A total of 220 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) surgically treated between 1989 and 2009 were evaluated in this multi-institutional study. All the cases were reviewed by a single pathologist and the immunohistochemical reactivity to EPO was analysed using tissue microarray.

Results:

A total of 176 patients with ccRCC were considered, with an average of 48 months of follow-up. Of the tumours evaluated, 47 (26.7%) were negative for EPO expression, and 129 (73.3%) were positive. EPO expression was associated with incidental tumour ( p = 0.016), tumour size ( p = 0.015), Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ( p = 0.016), blood transfusion ( p = 0.009) and adrenal involvement ( p = 0.038). The median ages of the patients with positive and negative EPO expression were 56.2 years and 66.6 years. Immunohistochemical EPO expression affected overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates. The DSS rates of the patients whose tissue was positive and negative for EPO expression were 85.3% and 76.1%, respectively ( p = 0.044). In a multivariate analysis, the absence of EPO expression proved to be a bad prognostic factor and negatively affected the OS ( p < 0.001) and DSS ( p < 0.001) rates.

Conclusion:

The absence of tumour EPO expression is an independent predictive factor with a negative effect on survival rates. The use of EPO as possible marker in the management of ccRCC patients requires further studies and a better understanding of the role of EPO in tumour biology.
Surgical Complications of Presurgical Systemic Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: McCormick Barrett , Meissner Matthew A. , Karam Jose A. , Wood Christopher G.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with poor survival outcomes. The integration of presurgical systemic therapy with targeted molecular agents prior to surgical resection of RCC tumors has been utilized to improve on these outcomes. These agents may be associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications due to their action on angiogenesis and cell proliferation.

Objective:

To examine the evidence for the incidence and severity of perioperative complications following presurgical targeted therapy for locally advanced or metastatic RCC.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of retrospective studies, prospective clinical trials, and meta-analyses using key search terms in PubMed and Medline. Studies were screened for eligibility and data were extracted by the authors. A qualitative analysis was performed and the complications for available targeted agents was reported.

Results:

Retrospective analyses and small prospective trials indicate varying complication rates and types based on presurgical therapies. While some studies indicate a possible increase in wound-related complications, other studies did not show similar results. Additional unique complications reported include an increase in surgical adhesions. There was not any significant difference in overall or bleeding complications.

Conclusions:

Overall, these studies demonstrate an acceptable level of surgical complications that should not discourage the clinician considering presurgical therapy. The results of pending trials looking at presurgical therapies will provide further information.
Dairy buffalo production scenario in Bangladesh: a review
Authors: Habib Md Rezwanul , Haque Md Najmul , Rahman Ashikur , Aftabuzzaman Md , Ali Md Mahabbat , Shahjahan Md
Published: November 2017

The objective of this review is to draw the present scenario of dairy buffalo production in Bangladesh and their contributions to the national economy. Buffaloes in Bangladesh are mostly indigenous type encompasses with swamp and river and are distributed throughout the country. However, the population is higher in coastal part, Meghna-Ganga and Jamuna-Brahamaputra flood plain, considered to be the buffalo pockets. The total buffalo population is 1.471 million which are mostly managed in household subsistence farming as well as bathan in coastal region. Buffaloes are normally used as a draught animal and in lower extent partially for milk and meat production. Most of the farmers are rural small holders; traditionally practiced crop-livestock integration upon which the management practices of buffalo usually depends. Buffaloes are raised in homestead and approximately 5-7 hours were grazes per day in household farming. Small amount of concentrate is usually offered to buffalo during dry season only by the economically viable farmers. On the other hand, in bathan, farmers are fully depended on grazing at public fallow land. Lower milk production efficiency, poor reproductive performance followed by under nutrition and low growth rate in buffaloes resulted insignificant contribution to the national economy of Bangladesh. Balanced nutrition and better management practices can improve buffalo productivity. In order to do so, a number of issues are required to be addressed such as establishment of nutrient requirements for dairy, development of buffalo calf feeding systems, artificial insemination technique, nutritional management of metabolic and reproductive anomalies, and understanding and exploitation of the buffalo gut ecosystem. Productivity of buffaloes can be mainly depended on genetic improvement, good nutrition, good management and also climatic conditions of an area. Extensive coordinated research and extension efforts are required for increasing dairy buffalo production in this country.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2017, 3(3): 305-316