bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN DATA MINING UNTUK KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES
Authors: Doni Bambang Tri Rahmat , Susanti Sari , Mubarok Ade
Published: July 2021

Hepatocellular Carcinoma merupakan tumor ganas hati primer yang berasal dari hepatosit. Dalam dasawarsa terakhir terjadi perkembangan yang cukup berarti menyangkut penyakit Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan tingkat kemungkinan hidup pasien yang telah di diagnosis menderita penyakit Hepatocellular Carcinoma dengan menggunakan penerapan metode data mining serta melakukan pengukuran terhadap performa algoritma Naïve Bayes dengan mengacu kepada Confusion Matrix dan Kurva ROC. Data sekunder yang digunakan merupakan data publik yang bernama HCC Survival Data Set yang dirilis pada tahun 2017 dan diperoleh dari website UCI Machine Learning Repository. Algortima Naïve Bayes merupakan salah satu algoritma yang terdapat dalam metode data mining yang menerapkan Teori Keputusan Bayes pada teknik klasifikasi dengan menggunakan cara pendekatan statistik yang bersifat fundamental dalam pengenalan pola. Teknik validasi yang digunakan menggunakan teknik 10-Fold Cross-Validation dengan rasio pembagian data sebesar 90:10. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah RapidMiner Studio v9.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil performa algoritma Naïve Bayes yang diukur menggunakan Confussion Matrix dengan nilai yang dihasilkan berupa nilai Akurasi sebesar 70,30%, Presisi sebesar 73,53% dan Recall sebesar 77,32% serta hasil performa yang diukur menggunakan Kurva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) dengan nilai yang dihasilkan berupa nilai AUC sebesar 0.783 yang termasuk dalam kategori Fair Classification atau kategori Klasifikasi Cukup.
KLASIFIKASI KELAYAKAN KREDIT MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES PADA KSP MEKAR JAYA MALEBER
Authors: Habibulloh Wildan , Topiq Salman
Published: July 2021

KSP Mekar Jaya adalah salah satu koperasi yang berada di Maleber Kuningan yang menyediakan jasa simpan pinjam bagi anggotanya. Adanya pemberian pinjaman pada anggota ini tidak jarang menimbulkan permasalahan terutama dengan terlambatnya membayar angsuran. Dilihat dari banyaknya nasabah yang melakukan kegiatan peminjaman dana maka dibutuhkan strategi untuk dapat memenuhi kegiatan itu semua, makin banyaknya calon nasabah yang mengajukan kredit dengan  kondisi ekonomi yang berbeda-beda, menuntut ketelitian dalam pengambilan  keputusan  pemberian kredit. Untuk menghindari hal tersebut sebaiknya perlu dilakukan analisis data anggota untuk menentukam kelayan pemberian kredit, sehingga dapat diklasifikasikan layak atau tidaknya mendapatkan pinajaman Analisis data tersebut bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik data mining. Naive bayes merupakan salah satu algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk proses data mining, algoritma naive bayes banyak digunakan oleh para peneliti sebelumnya dan mendapatkan nilai akurasi yang tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma naive bayes dan menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar  76,76% dengan nilai AUC sebesar 0,824 yang berarti merupakan good classification.
SENTIMEN ANALISIS COVID-19 DENGAN METODE PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORK DAN TF-IDF
Authors: Najiyah Ina , Hariyanti Ifani
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan sentiment analysis tentang corona virus pada kegiatan sehari hari yang diunggah di facebook, Twitter dan Instagram dengan output yaitu 3 class:positif, negative dan netral. Metode yang dipilih adalah metode klasifikasi Probabilistic Neural Network. Sebelum melakukan klasifikasi, praprocessing pada penelitian ini meliputi tokenizasi, normalisasi, menghilangkan emoticon, Convert Negasi, Stopword Removal sertaTF-IDF. dataset yang digunakan berjumlah 1177 dataset dengan pembagiannya yaitu 560 dataset positif, 355 dataset negative dan 262 dataset netral. Program dirancang menggunakan Bahasa pemrograman python dengan beberapa library seperti keras, tensorflow dan pandas. User interface dibuat berbasis android. Akurasi yang didapatkan pada pelatihan menggunakan Probabilistic Neural Network sebesar 89%. Hasil pengujian adalah penelitian ini mampu melakukan sentiment analysis dengan kesalahan sebesar 11% dilihat dari confusion matrix.
Impacts of light rail in a mid-sized city: Evidence from Olsztyn, Poland
Authors: Radzimski Adam , Gadzinski Jedrzej
Published: July 2021

Investments in light rail transit (LRT) have become increasingly popular solutions to promote sustainable urban transportation. However, their impacts on cities are still subject to discussion in the academic community. There is a clear need to better understand the potential impacts of LRT projects, particularly in contexts other than major cities. In this study, we focus on the Olsztyn tram project, which has been implemented in a city of 173,000 residents situated in northeastern Poland. The paper combines different perspectives and data sources, including a study of residents’ stated preferences concerning travel behavior and modelling of housing price effects using the difference-in-differences approach. Our results suggest that the Olsztyn tram project led to a moderate change in travel behavior by increasing the frequency of public transport use but did not result in a substantial shift away from car commuting. Concerning the property market, a decline in prices was observed during the construction phase, but no statistically significant effects were found after completion.
TOWARD A FULL(ER) IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVE LEARNING
Authors: STRAYER JEREMY F. , GERSTENSCHLAGER NATASHA E. , GREEN LISA B. , MCCORMICK NANCY , MCDANIEL SCOTT , HOLMES ROWELL GINGER
Published: July 2021

Many university statistics instructors are interested in teaching with active-learning approaches in their classrooms. In this article, we attend to active learning in three ways. First, we review how the statistics education community has addressed issues surrounding active learning   implementation to date. Second, we describe how our project used design experiment methodology to create active-learning materials. Finally, using embedded case study methodology, we report on factors that impacted the extent to which statistics instructors facilitated active learning using our project’s materials. We describe properties of classroom interactions that led to full implementation of active learning and show how the unifying theme of relinquishing mathematical and statistical authority had explanatory power to inform ways instructors might effectively implement active learning.
First published May 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
EXPLORING METHOD EFFECTS IN THE SIX-FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE SURVEY OF ATTITUDES TOWARD STATISTICS (SATS-36)
Authors: XU CHAO , SCHAU CANDACE
Published: July 2021

We use ordinal confirmatory factor analysis techniques to investigate the six-factor structure of the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS-36) and to estimate method effects associated with its items and factors. We extend previous confirmatory research to include posttest, as well as pretest, item-level data. We also investigate method effects by adding a common method factor to the original six-factor model. Interestingly, results reveal noticeable proportions of common variance associated with the Difficulty construct only at pretest and with the Value and Interest constructs only at posttest. We examine the characteristics of the SATS items as a possible source for these method effects.
First published November 2019 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
A Noble Security Analysis of Various Distributed Systems
Authors: Akter Sworna , Hossain Md. Alamgir , Rahman Redoy Akanda Md. Mojibur
Published: July 2021

Distributed systems increased the performance of a system by allowing applications to be processed in parallel. It helps us to share resources like printers, computers, storage facilities, data, files, web pages, networks, and thus it reduces the cost by shaing a single resource among several users instead of multiple resources. Since multiple machines communicate with each other through the network so they can be easily affected by the attacker and the full system should be corrupted. Users can access remote and local resources but they also may not aware of which machines their processes are running on. So, secure communiction of a distributed system is the most important issue. We need to analyze various vulnerabilities and can take proper protection of the system. In this paper, we discuss different architectural styles of distributed systems. Also, hold up different threads and protection mechanisms to get rid of these threads. The most focusing part of this paper is a summary of various distributed systems security. Here we hold up different distributed system security techniques like SSSE algorithm, BLCS architecture, ODIS algorithm, two eavesdropper model, dynamic cuckoo filter, etc. Finally, we summarize the full discussion like used methodology or architecture, advantages, disadvantages, accuracy, and future work in a table by which an author can easily gather knowledge about the summary of this paper. To better understanding, we show the result of various papers with a visual representation. I think it helps authors to know about security techniques and grow interested to work in this area.
The Effect Of Exercise Habits On Stress Level
Authors: Muzakir Muzakir
Published: July 2021

Stress is a negative emotional experiences are accompanied by changes in biochemical, physiological, cognitive and behavioral predictability. Stress can also be interpreted as a condition that suppresses psychological state of a person in reaching an occasion in which to achieve this occasion there is a limit or barrier. Sport Habits is a physical activity that is planned, structured, and done repeatedly and intended to improve or maintain physical fitness. The purpose of this study to determine the influence of sports habits toward the level of stress on students of the Faculty of Medicine, University XYZ. This study is a descriptive and analytical. The population in this study were all students of the Faculty of Medicine, University XYZ totaling 220 people with a sample of 72 people. The sampling technique used was stratified consecutive sampling. The data collected by distributing questionnaires, data processing using computer statistics program and analyzed using bivariate using Chi Square test. The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents (62,5%) did not have a habit of exercise and also the majority of respondents experiencing moderate stress (51,4%). Chi Square test results show the value of p = 0,000 ( p<0,05) so there is the influence of the sport habits toward stress levels
Alieni in Augusta Emerita: desde la fundación de la colonia hasta la promulgación de la Constitutio Antoniniana
Authors: Ortiz Córdoba José
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo pretende ofrecer una visión general sobre la inmigración de origen extrapeninsular domiciliada en Augusta Emerita a partir del análisis de la documentación epigráfica de la colonia. Estudiaremos aspectos como las regiones y ciudades de origen de estos inmigrantes, sus ocupaciones profesionales, las causas que determinaron su movilidad y la actividad que desarrollaron en Augusta Emerita tras su llegada. Cronológicamente nuestra contribución abarca el periodo comprendido entre la fundación de la colonia en el año 25 a.C. y la promulgación de la Constitutio Antoniniana a comienzos del siglo III d.C.
Inscripción del anfiteatro de Itálica con la mención TAVRVS IVPPIT[ER]
Authors: Caballos Rufino Antonio
Published: July 2021

Presentación y propuestas interpretativas de una inscripción procedente de una de las galerías occidentales del anfiteatro de Itálica (Santiponce, Sevilla), fechable a fines del siglo III o durante la siguiente centuria, con la mención Tavrvs Ivppit[er].
El programa iconográfico de los mosaicos de la villa romana de “El Alcaparral” (Casariche, Sevilla) en el conventus Astigitanus
Authors: Neira Jiménez Luz
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo aborda el análisis del programa iconográfico de los mosaicos que pavimentaban el edificio señorial de la villa de “El Alcaparral” (Casariche, Sevilla), un conjunto de 15 pavimentos descubiertos en las campañas de 1985 y 1986, entre los que, junto al célebre del “Juicio de Paris”, se cuentan un fragmentario mosaico de thiasos marino con nereidas, un mosaico con una representación alegórica y pavimentos de tema geométrico en diferente estado, algunos de los cuales se conservan en la Colección Museográfica del Mosaico Romano de Casariche. A partir de los informes de las campañas arqueológicas, el plano y las fotografías realizadas hace más de 30 años, el análisis del programa sigue el recorrido de las estancias conservadas, desde el ingreso, aportando al estudio de cada mosaico el conocimiento de los paralelos descubiertos en las últimas décadas, con el fin de obtener no sólo una imagen completa del programa musivo sino también del contexto arquitectónico de la villa de “El Alcaparral” y la mentalidad de su dominus.
Rosalind Thomas, Polis Histories, Collective Memories and the Greek World, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 490 pp. [ISBN: 978-1-107-19358-1].
Authors: Sánchez González Víctor
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Rosalind Thomas, Polis Histories, Collective Memories and the Greek World, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 490 pp. [ISBN: 978-1-107-19358-1].
Lluís Pons Pujol (ed.), Paradeisos. Horti. Los Jardines de la Antigüedad (=Col·lecció Instrumenta 71), Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Edicions, 2020, 262 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9168-604-0].
Authors: Chiné Zapater Lidia
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Lluís Pons Pujol (ed.), Paradeisos. Horti. Los Jardines de la Antigüedad (=Col·lecció Instrumenta 71), Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona Edicions, 2020, 262 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9168-604-0].
Felipe Rojas, The Pasts of Roman Anatolia. Interpreters, Traces, Horizons, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 252 pp. [ISBN: 978-1-108-48488-6].
Authors: Mayorgas Rodríguez Ana
Published: July 2021

Reseña de la obra de Felipe Rojas, The Pasts of Roman Anatolia. Interpreters, Traces, Horizons, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 252 pp. [ISBN: 978-1-108-48488-6].
Validation of associations, alliances and orders of the Algerian forest and scrub vegetation
Authors: Meddour Rachid , Mucina Ladislav
Published: July 2021

This paper presents description protocols of 13 new associations, 12 alliances, and 1 order of the Algerian forest and forest-associated vegetation of the classes Quercetea ilicis, Junipero-Pinetea sylvestris, Quercetea pubescentis, Alno glutinosae-Populetea albae, Alnetea glutinosae, Franguletea and Nerio-Tamaricetea.
O genezie więzi katolicyzmu i świadomości narodowej w społeczeństwie polskim w pierwszej połowie XIX w.
Authors: Deszczyńska Martyna
Published: July 2021

Tekst ukazuje genezę związku katolicyzmu ze świadomością narodową w Polsce przełomu XVIII i XIX w. Omawia literaturę przedmiotu dowodząc, że temat nie został dostatecznie opisany i wskazując nowe pola badawcze. Posługuje się metodologią z zakresu historii, religioznawstwa i nauk o książce. Ustalenia oparto na różnych źródłach (literatura piękna, ulotne piśmiennictwo religijne, kazania, inwentarze księgozbiorów, publicystyka i pamiętniki). Ich analiza wskazuje, że w poł. XIX stulecia podkreślano i treściowo pogłębiano trwałość spójni polskości i katolickości. Mimo rozwijającej się sekularyzacji wydobywano z przynależności do Kościoła powszechnego nowe znaczenia (J. Ordęga, S. Rawicz). Utrata przynależności do “narodu politycznego” (szlachty) spowodowała, że tożsamość religijną zaczęto wtedy postrzegać jako element spajający wspólnotę. Wzmocniło to trwałość mitu Polaka-katolika.
Życie dla Boga i ludzi. O słudze bożym ks. Wawrzyńcu Kuśniaku COr
Authors: Maćkowiak Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

Ks. Wawrzyniec Kuśniak jest pierwszym polskim filipinem, któremu Kościół przyznał tytuł Sługi Bożego. Mimo to brakuje dotąd poważniejszego studium na temat kapłana. Artykuł ma wypełnić tę lukę. Przedstawia stan obecnej wiedzy o ks. Kuśniaku. Ściślej, celem pracy jest dokonanie przeglądu zasobu archiwaliów dotyczących duchownego oraz zrekonstruowanie na ich podstawie najważniejszych faktów z jego życia. Ks. Kuśniak urodził się 1 sierpnia 1788 roku w Czarnkowie. Do Kongregacji Oratorium św. Filipa Neri na Świętej Górze pod Gostyniem wstąpił w 1811 roku. Święcenia kapłańskie przyjął w 1816 roku. Funkcję przełożonego wspólnoty świętogórskiej pełnił przez 27 lat, tj. aż do śmierci w 1866 roku. Odznaczał się gorliwością duszpasterską, ale także szczególnymi talentami administracyjnymi. W pamięci społeczeństwa ziemi gostyńskiej zapamiętany został jako apostoł dobroci i niestrudzony filantrop.
TEACHING OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING SKILL BY GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL ENGLISH TEACHERS OF QUETTA CITY
Authors: Rahila Khan Zainab Akram Sadia Suleman Khan
Published: July 2021

Speech is an important language skill used for communicating. It is the creative oral language skill that allows one to produce a logical spoken statement in order to express oneself meaningfully. For an effective communication, teaching of speaking skill at schools is of great importance. It is found that in Pakistan, speaking skill is not effectively taught at Government Secondary Schools. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of Government Secondary School English teachers about the challenges they face in teaching English speaking skill to their students. Communicative competence presented by Dell Hymes in the 1960s, provided the theoretical framework for this study. The participants of this study were 100 Government Secondary School English teachers of Quetta city, out of whom 50 were male and 50 females. Data was collected using five items Likert scale questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS. The findings revealed that the majority of English teachers spoke in both English and Urdu in their English class. It was also found that the teachers often asked student for sentence drilling and repeating sentences after them in English. Inclusively, the findings of this study depicted that most English Teachers agreed that they describe grammar only when required in class. The study suggests that English should be taught only by the teachers qualified in this subject. It is further suggested that speaking skill should be assessed in the board examination, only in that case the English teachers would focus teaching of speaking skill in their English classes in order to enhance communicative competence of their students.
OVERCROWDED CLASSROOM AND TEACHINGLEARNING PROCESS: ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTARY PUBLIC SECTOR SCHOOLS OF QUETTA CITY
Authors: Aliya Ayub, Sadiqa Saud, Shabana Akhtar
Published: July 2021

In Pakistan overcrowded classrooms are going to be one of the major issues and considered, a factor responsible for falling the education standard. This study sets out to investigate the “impact of overcrowded classrooms on teaching- learning process at the elementary level in public sector schools in Quetta city”. Questions that motivated researcher to investigate the problem are what factors are created by the overcrowded classroom? How overcrowded classroom affects the teaching-learning process? How overcrowded classroom challenges can be overcome? Population was constituted 260 respondents both male and female teachers and students drawn from 20 selected elementary level schools in Quetta city. The mix method approach was used. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaire and qualitative data was collected through focused group discussion. The collected data were analyzed by percentages, frequencies and one-way ANOVA. Major findings of the study were that: at the elementary level majority of the classes were overcrowded and that decrease the possibility of effective of teaching-learning process. Overcrowding in classrooms have a direct impact on teaching-learning process. This study was helpful in the best interest of students, teachers, administrators and government to think over the problem and do something positive for the improvement of education in Balochistan.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS OF ALLAMA IQBAL AND IMAM GHAZALI IN THE OPINION OF EDUCATIONIST
Authors: Abdul Wahid
Published: July 2021

The study on a comparative study of educational thoughts of Allama Iqbal and Imam Ghazali) is made in order to know the contribution of Allama Iqbal Imam Ghazali in the educational system of Muslim world. Researcher use qualitative approach for this research in which interview was taken from the educationist of the Loralai city. Thoughts of both philosophers were analyzed by the respondents in which these results are found. These prominent philosophers have contributed a lot to the educational system of Muslim Umma. In the research it has been found that both legend philosophers ask that student should have to avoided bad character and they should have to adopt soul purity as well. Respect of teachers learning of Quran and Hadith, morality generosity and civility should have their actual and obligatory habits in their entire life. It has been concluded that an ideal student should adopt the useful and technical knowledge and he must have a clear and manifest objective of his knowledge in future to get desire target. The purpose of gaining Education is beneficial for society and individual as well. Apart from these, education will develop the student socially, morally and spiritually equally well. Education brings changes and efforts in human beings. The most important responsibility of the teacher is to develop spiritual insight and realize the difficulties of the students. it is the prime responsibility of the teacher to recognize the knowledge, ability and aptitude of the learners and motivate students towards lesson which is important to educational process. An ideal teacher disseminates the truth and teaches others without desire of getting reward or in the name of fame in the world. He follows the teaching of Islam truly. He should possess good moral and ethical character and act like role model for his students because the students learn from his character. Revealed knowledge i.e. Quran and Sunnah are the compulsory component of the curriculum. The subjects relating to humanities and social sciences essential for the social, material and spiritual betterment of humanity. In this context, Islamic culture and cultural languages, particularly Arabic should be the part of curriculum. Some recommendations for students’ teachers and curriculum development are that the students and teachers should recognize their responsibilities. Teacher should develop his own and student’s spiritual insight he should motivate students towards the learning process which is important for the educational process. He should simplify the difficult concepts and start learning from simple to complex and he should be sympathetic and Kind to the students. Students should put emphasis on soul purity he should not proud of themselves upon knowledge. He should learn the Quran and Hadiths. He must obey their parents, teacher and elders and should possess modesty, generosity and civility.
ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF TEACHING METHODS TOWARDS STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS IN MATHEMATICS AT SECONDARY LEVEL
Authors: Lubna Shaheen, Aliya Ayub, Khadija Kareem
Published: July 2021

Mathematics is a vital subject and it considered as the key to development in society. In the development and enhancement of society Mathematics has play a forthright act from pre-historic period to the present. It is essential to provide clear concepts of Mathematics to Students because at secondary school level every single subject has a connection with Mathematics and support students to grasp the concepts of supplementary subjects too. The purpose of this study was to describe the teaching methods and the relationship between students’ attitude and their achievement in Mathematics at Secondary School Level. The data was collected from the questionnaire to be filled by the Mathematics teachers of class 9th. Secondly, a survey (Fennema Sharman attitude scale) of students’ attitude towards Mathematics was carried out and an achievement test was conducted to assess the achievement level of students in the subject of Mathematics. The data was analyzed statistically. Findings show that teachers are using traditional methods of teaching Mathematics which are not that much useful for students to change their attitude in Mathematics and increase their achievement also.
GLOBALIZATION: CULTURAL IMPERIALISM THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Nadil Shah, Muhammad Saleem, Gulab Ahmed
Published: July 2021

It is widely accepted fact that Globalization is affecting all institutions such as education, politics, religion, health, and economy. The effects are reciprocal among different nations of the world but there is the imbalance in the flow between rich and poor Nations. The current study carried out to understand the Cultural Imperialism through Globalization in Higher Education of Pakistan from the perspective of the post-graduate students of Universities. The focus of the study was University of Karachi and NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan. The qualitative approach was used for conducting this study. The purposive sampling technique was used for selecting the respondents. Total 20 Postgraduate (MS/M.Phil and Ph.D.) students of Social Sciences and Humanities were interviewed through the open-ended questions. The Data were collected by Face to Face In-depth Interviews. The data were analyzed with the help of theories such as Power, Governmentality by Michel Foucault and Cultural Hegemony by Antonio Gramsci. The findings suggested that the Globalization is greatly disseminating the cultural Imperialism through Higher Education in Pakistan.
Analysis of the Factors Causing Student’s Absenteeism and it’s Impact on Students’ Academic Performance at Elementary Level in Quetta City
Authors: Salma Hamza, Sadia Abdul Ghaffar, Dr. Shumaila Mazhar
Published: July 2021

The proper place for accruing the knowledge are Schools, College and University because there provides quality of education from qualified teachers. For getting best education and making socialized person it is necessary to attained regular classes in institutes. Absenteeism has a negative effect on student’s life because students are not able to get knowledge which are necessary. Students who are absent on regular basis from schools, they suffer a lot and absenteeism is the main issue in academies. This study was conducted to find out the factors which cause absenteeism and the impact of the absenteeism on students’ academic performance. This study was quantitative in nature. Self -developed survey questionnaire (5-point Likert scale). The sample of this study was students and teachers. 32 teachers and 208 students were selected from 16, 08 boys and 08 girls elementary schools through simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed through descriptive analysis (frequency and %ages) and inferential analysis (independent sample t-test and compare means). The results of the study highlights that three types of factors were causing the students remain absent from the school. These three factors belongs to the 1) schools factors, teachers attitude; school environment and school teaching practices, 2) home factors, home practices; home distance from the schools and parent attitudes towards students, 3) personal factors, student health issues, student interest level and motivational level.
CHILDREN’S SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND ACADEMIC BEHAVIOR DURING SECOND WAVE OF COVID-19: A PERCEPTION OF SOUTH ASIAN PARENTS
Authors: Najmunnisa Khan , Victoria Joseph, Rabia Aslam
Published: July 2021

The study explores the perception of parents about their children’s social, emotional, and academic behavior during the pandemic, moreover explores the change in parenting style throughout the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia. A phenomenological survey was used in the study. 171 parents from South Asia were selected through convenience and purposive sampling technique. An electronic selfdeveloped phenomenological survey questionnaire was distributed through Whatsapp/Email, Moreover 10 parents were also interviewed for triangulation. Descriptive data was analyzed on SPSS-24 and qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. It is found that during the first wave of pandemic COVID-19 lockdown, children were very happy, excited, and active. However, due to long-term school closure, now they are not as much happy but frustrated and they become bored as well. The parents also observed friendly, respectful, and helpful behavior in the children. It is also found that the children love to play, to spend time watching T.V. and on social media, but they didn’t show much interest in online study. Parents are also not satisfied with the online classes as the children do not understand content properly. However, this COVID-19 lockdown polished parents’ technical skills, and they spend their quality time with children by discussing education and social wellbeing. Findings suggest that children sleeping timing have changed as before lockdown, children used to sleep around 10 p.m. to 11 p.m., but during the lockdown, this routine has changed, and they are sleeping around midnight. The study recommends that adults must be provided with correct information and advice about how their personal well-being and children's well-being can be impacted by this stressful situation.
A Study on Microbial Profile of Corneal Ulcer Cases in a Tertiary Health Care Centre of Southern Assam
Authors: Bhattacharjee Barnamoy , Chakravarty Atanu
Published: July 2021

Background-Visual impairment due to corneal ulceration has for long been acknowledged as leading cause of blindness both worldwide and in India only next to Cataract. The aetiology for infective corneal ulcer varies considerably with occupation of patients in different regions of India. Thus, continuing with empirical management without lab diagnosis leads to protracted clinical course. So, understanding the microbial profile of corneal ulcers in agriculture dependent population of Southern Assam helps in improved management of this morbidity.
Aims- To 1) Find the prevalence of infected corneal ulcers in untreated patients attending Ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital of Southern Assam. 2) Study the pattern of microbial aetiology in the infected corneal ulcer cases. 3) Find the association of infected corneal ulcers with various attributing factors.
Method-Corneal scrapings from 86 routine untreated cases of corneal ulceration from Ophthalmology Department were studied prospectively from Dec2017 to Jan2019 and subjected to Gram staining and direct examination with 10%KOH. Culture on SDA and Blood Agar were incubated at 25°C and 37°C respectively and followed up for 3 weeks before declaring sterile. Antimicrobial sensitivity was performed for bacterial isolate and yeast-like species. Slide culture and LPCB tease mount were done for identification of moulds.
Result- Out of the 86 cases, 58 were positive in direct microscopy, of which 44 were culture positive. Of the 28 samples negative in direct microscopy, 2 were positive by Culture. Bacterial isolates were found in 5 cases and fungal aetiology in 41 cases.
Conclusion- The prevalence of infected corneal ulcer as per standard of Culture positivity is 53.5% (46/86). Mycotic involvement was found in 90% cases. Important fungal isolates identified were Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Curvularia species, Fusarium species, Sarocladium species. Higher prevalence was significantly associated with harvesting season, agricultural practice and history of trauma while diabetes and steroid intake were not significantly associated with mycotic ulcers.

Keywords: Corneal ulcer, Assam, Fungal, Fusarium, Sarocladium, Pseudomonas.
Making Connection: Integrating Gamelan Music into Social Studies Classroom
Authors: Mardiati Yayuk , . Wasino , Puguh Dhanang Respati
Published: July 2021

With the publication of the United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on report of the Asian Regional Symposia on Arts Education nearly one and decades ago, scholars and educators have urged Asian teachers, including Indonesia to incorporate arts and culture into curriculum to improve the quality of education, yet efforts connecting arts, especially gamelan music into social studies is lacking. Built upon the previous research on integrated curriculum which aligned with National Education Standard Board (Indonesian: Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan or BSNP), on both process and content standards this article aimed to offer a rationale for incorporating Javanese gamelan music potential into social studies classroom and propose a framework for planning. Social studies classroom components included assigned readings on Indonesian national history, especially in the Hindu-Buddhist eras in small group discussion. With this approach and its lesson it is presumed that social studies and gamelan teachers benefit of integrating gamelan music into social studies.

Keywords: Javanese gamelan, integration, framework, social studies.
The Effect of the Fed Rate, Exchange Rate and Economic Growth on the IHSG with Inflation as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Parulian Tohap , Mahendra A.
Published: July 2021

This research is intended to know the influence of The Fed Rate, Exchange Rate, and Economic Growth on the IHSG, with Inflation as a moderating variable in Indonesia. The population in this research is from Indonesia. The multiple regression analysis conducted estimates. The data used in this study were secondary, consisting of the fed rate, exchange rate, and economic growth on the IHSG for the year 2000-2019. This research shows that the Fed Rate variable has no significant effect based on the partial test (t-test). In contrast, the Exchange Rate and Economic Growth variables have a significant effect on the variables of the IHSG in Indonesia, the simultaneous test (F test), the fed rate, exchange rate, and economic growth have a significant effect on the variables of the IHSG. Inflation can moderate the relationship between the fed rate, exchange rate, and economic growth on the IHSG.

Keywords: The Fed Rate, Exchange Rate, Economic Growth, Inflation, IHSG.
Dental Plaque Biofilm: Development, Pathogenicity and Analysis
Authors: Koka Krishna Mohan , Pillarisetti Pranitha , Yasangi Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2021

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms which are found attached to a surface. They develop on both biotic and abiotic surfaces and could act as a source of infection. The development of biofilms is a complex process and it involves several steps such as initial adhesion, reversible binding of bacteria to the solid surface, production of exopolysaccharide matrix, irreversible binding to the surface, maturation of biofilm structure, disintegration and dispersion of organized structure and the formation of new habitats. The biofilm exhibits unique properties of protecting host defences and desiccation, persistence in the flowing system, heterogeneity, spatial organization and resistance to antimicrobial agents through its ability to influence gene expression and phenotype. Quorum sensing, a means of the cell to cell communication is closely interconnected to the development of biofilm formation and inhibition. The dental plaque is the most common and well known oral biofilm. The preponderance of biofilm-associated diseases and its resistance in eradication has potentiated the need for further research in this field. Hence, the purpose of the review is to enlighten the importance of dental plaque as a biofilm, its properties, pathogenicity and analysis of biofilm.

Keywords: Biofilms, Dental Plaque, Microbiome, Quorum sensing.
Association between isotretinoin (Roaccutanne) use and changes in periodontal clinical parameters and MMP-8 and MMP-9 salivary levels
Authors: AlJasser Reham N. , Alaqeely Razaan S. , Al-Hoqail Ibrahim A. , Al-Haddab Mohammed , AlQahtani Sadeem S. , AlKenani Manal E. , AlZahrani Afnan M. , AlOraini Saleh
Published: July 2021

Aims: to evaluate changes in clinical periodontal parameters, salivary levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9, in individuals taking Isotretinoin (INN), and compare with individuals not taking the medication and to compare findings among different stages of periodontal disease and healthy periodontium. Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted with a total of 180 human adults divided into six groups. Clinical parameters, including pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured at six sites per tooth. Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all subjects to detect salivary level of MMP-8, MMP-9 using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Software. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to test any significant differences in any of the groups on all parameters. Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of categorical responses across the study groups. All tests were compared at a significance level of 0.05. Results: In Gingivitis cases, INN group was found to have significantly less BOP (P < 0.0001). In Periodontitis cases, INN group showed significant difference in BOP (P < 0.0001). MMP-8 and MMP-9 were significantly lower among Periodontitis cases taking INN compared to the same group not taking the medication (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: INN assists in reducing clinical and biological signs of inflammation related to periodontal disease progression. INN may be a future additive medication to be further evaluated for treating periodontal disease.
Nodal tumor volume as a prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Moumoulidis Paris T. , Pavlopoulou Athanasia , Ünal Reşat , Mavragani Ifigeneia , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Kyrodimos Efthymios
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Several studies suggest that there is an association between the metastatic nodal tumor volume and the clinical outcome in patients with solid cancers. However, despite the prognostic potential of nodal volume, a standardized method for estimating the nodal volumetric parameters is lacking. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of the published scientific literature towards investigating the prognostic value of nodal volume in the carcinomas of head and neck, taking into consideration the primary tumor site and the human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Methodological issues: For this purpose, the biomedical literature database PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for studies relevant to the relationship of nodal volume to the treatment outcome and survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Collectively, based on stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria, 23 eligible studies were included in the present systematic review. Results: On the basis of our findings, nodal volume is suggested to be strongly associated with clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. Of particular note, there is an indication that nodal volume is an independent factor for further risk stratification for recurrence-free survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx (oropharynx and hypopharynx). Extranodal extension (ENE) and HPV status should be also taken into consideration in further studies.
Трагедия города Шуши 23–26 марта 1920 г.в отечественной и зарубежной историографии
Authors: Махмурян Гаянэ
Published: July 2021

On March 23, 1920, Turkish-Azerbaijani troops with the Moslem dwellers
profited of the preemptive strike, undertook by the small detachment under
plenipotentiary of the ARFD Bureau Arsen Mikayelian, and fulfilled a massacre
of the Shushi Armenians with a burning the city down. This events are testified
in the memoirs of the witnesses together with great amount of archival material.
The total destruction of Shushi is elucidated by historians of the Republic of
Armenia, as well as by Diaspora and foreign specialists.
All the scholars in accord point out that the mass murder of the civil
population at Shushi and complete destruction of its Armenian sector was a
crime against humanity, which constitutes the Genocide.
Աքեմենյան կառավարման կարգերի ժառանգորդները
Authors: Օհանյան Մուրադ
Published: July 2021

The administration orders and structures of the Parthian and Sasanian powers are almost exactly repeating the models of Achaemenid governance. Various evidence and facts have been preserved about that, especially about the Sasanian power. According to them, this power was divided into five administrative-territorial units with “Center + 4 peripheral regions” principle. This structure corresponded to the Sasanian system of territorial administration, which had the “king of kings + 4 viceroys/spahbeds” model. The prototypes of such administration systems with the “1 + 4” model are known from Elam and Sumer. The territorial structure and administration system of Greater Armenia had the same model.
Միջազգային հռչակի տեր բյուզանդագետն ու հայագետը
Authors: Dolukhanyan Aelita
Published: July 2021

Nicholas Adonts (1871–1942) is one of the outstanding Armenian scholars
who received an excellent education in Russia and Europe. During his studies at
the University of St. Petersburg and later, when he improved his knowledge in
well-known educational centers of Europe – in London, Paris, Vienna,
Strasbourg and Munich, Adonts had the support of the great national benefactor
Alexander Mantashiants.
Eight volumes of Adonts’ works were published by Yerevan State
University with the support of the Armenian branch of the Galust Gyulbenkian Foundation. Adonts left no autobiographical memories․ They would have been
extremely interesting, since his life was really amazing.
Tigran the Great (95–55 BC) was the most beloved historical figure of
Adonts. He actually confirms that Tigran manifested himself as a world
sovereign and enlightener, and his activities require new elucidation. Adonts
presents the great deeds and military successes of the representatives of the
princely house of Mamikonians in the Byzantine Empire. The study “The Fame
of Bagratids” by Adonts is very interesting; it represents the branches of the
Armenian royal house of Bagratids in Georgia, Caucasian Albania and Artsakh.
In his extensive article “The Historical Basis and Ideological Value of the
Novel David Bek”, the historian takes an exploratory approach while describing
the historical events of the novel David Bek by Raffi.
Especially rich is the heritage of the scientist in Byzantine studies, which has
two branches of scientific and cognitive significance. Firstly, it presents
important events of the history of Byzantium, and then the famous figures of
this history, who were Armenians by nationality. In 1928 Adonts made a new
discovery in Byzantine studies, exploring the “Historical basis of the Byzantine
epic Digenis Acritas”. He proved that the epic poem was not Greek, since the
homeland and place of activity of the main hero are the Euphrates valley, and
his exploits take place in Western Armenia.
Adonts was a devoted defendet of the Armenian Cause and dedicated many
articles to this issue.
Adonts left three monumental monographs as a legacy to science. These are:
Armenia in the Era of Justinian (1908), Dionysius of Thrace and Armenian
Commentators (1915) and the posthumously published Critical History of
Armenia (1946).
The scientific heritage of Adonts in the field of Byzantine studies and
Armenology is rich with many scientific discoveries, whose value will be
preserved forever.
Ալեքսանդրապոլի երևելի դեմքը՝ գրական կերպարի նախատիպ (Ավետիս Ղարիբյանը՝ Հ. Հակոբջանյանի «Պադվալի Վաղոն» վեպում)
Authors: Hovhann Roza
Published: July 2021

Այս հոդվածով անդրադառնում ենք Ալեքսանդրապոլի հայտնի դեմքերից մեկի՝ Պադվալի Վաղոյի կերպարին, որի կյանքի ու գործունեության իրողություններն ու դրվագները պատումի հենք են դարձել թե՛ բանավոր ստեղծագործություններում և թե՛ գեղարվեստական գրականության մեջ: Կարծում ենք՝ ա¬վելի ուշագրավ է, որ բանավոր պատումները երևակվում են կոնկրետ գրական երկում, ինչպիսին ժամանակակից արձակագիր, գրականագետ Հ. Հակոբջանյանի «Պադվալի Վաղոն» վեպն է:
Քրիստոնեությունը՝ իբրև հեթանոսական գիտելիքների կրող միջնադարյան հայ արվեստի համատեքստում
Authors: Margaryan Araks
Published: July 2021

Հոդվածում դիտարկվում են հայ մշակույթի ինքնատիպությունը և նրա զարգացման փուլերի հաջորդական փոխկապվածությունը, որում կարելի է տեսնել մեկ ընդհանուր աշխարհաճանաչողական հենք։ Այն շաղկապում է թե՛ հեթանոսության և թե՛ քրիստոնեության շրջանի գիտելիքներն ու մշակութային արժեհամակարգը: Քրիստոնեությունը չխախտեց հին օրենքները, այլ որդեգրեց հեթանոսական ըմբռնումները բնության տարրերի, մարդկային բնության ու էության մասին։ Այս երևույթը ամենից լավ բնութագրում են Քրիստոսի խոսքերը․ «Մի՛ կարծեք, թե օրենքը կամ մարգարեներին ջնջելու եկա, չեկա ջնջելու, այլ լրացնելու»:
Ալեքսանդրապոլի ավանդական երաժշտությունը Ալեքսանդր Սպենդիարյանի ստեղծագործության մեջ
Authors: Harutyunyan Hasmik
Published: July 2021

Իր ելույթներում ու հրապարակումներում, նաև իր որոնումներում Ալ. Սպենդիարյանը առանձնահատուկ ու բացառիկ կարևորություն է տվել հայ ժողովրդական երգերի ընկալմանն ու էության ճանաչմանը, սակայն նրա համար ստեղծագործական զարգացման ու լավագույն արդյունքների ձեռքբերման ոլորտ է հանդիսացել ժողովրդապրոֆեսիոնալ, հիմնականում աշուղական երաժշտարվեստը:
Կոմպոզիտորի ստեղծագործական տեսադաշտում են եղել քաղաքային ժողովրդական երգերի կատարումները, որոնք նա փոխադրել էր դաշնամուրի համար: Այս առումով հոդվածում առավելապես կարևոր նշանակություն է տրվում մեծ գումրեցու՝ կոմպոզիտոր Նիկողայոս Տիգրանյանի հետ նրա ծանոթությանը: Հենց Ն. Տիգրանյանի շնորհիվ Ա.Սպենդիարյանին հասու դարձան Ալեքսանդրապոլի աշուղական երգերի ու գործիքային մուղամների դասական նմուշները, որոնք էական դերակատարում ունեցան նրա ստեղծագործության մեջ:
Ազգային հագուստի ինքնատիպ դիմագիծը
Authors: Hartenyan Tatevik
Published: July 2021

Հրապարակման մեջ դիտարկվում է ազգային հագուստի տեղը հայ ժողովրդի մշակույթի գանձարանում։ Այն իր ամբողջ հարստությամբ, ոճային առանձնահատկությամբ ու գեղազարդմամբ (ասեղնագործություն, ժանեկագործություն, ոսկերչություն և այլն) հազվագյուտ ճյուղերից է, որն արտացոլում է ազգի բնավորությունը, կենցաղը, ապրելակերպը, հազարամյակների ընթացքում ձևավորված նրա գեղարվեստական ճաշակը: Ազգային տարազը թույլ է տալիս պատկերացում կազմել տվյալ ժողովրդի ապրած տարածքի, բնակլիմայական պայմանների ու բազմաթիվ այլ հարցերի վերաբերյալ: Առանց ազգային տարազի ուսումնասիրության՝ անկարելի է գաղափար կազմել ազգի անցյալի, նրա կենցաղավարության, սոցիալական շերտավորման, ազգային բնավորության ու սովորությունների մասին:
Դիտարկել ենք հագուստի ստեղծման մեջ կիրառված հումքի, գույնի, զարդարանքի առանձնահատկությունները։ Պատահական չէ, որ ազգային տարազը վաղուց գրավել է բազմաթիվ ուսումնասիրողների ուշադրությունը, և տարբեր ժամանակներում գրվել ու հրապարակվել են հայկական ազգային տարազին վերաբերող աշխատություններ: