bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain2GAN: Feature-disentangled neural encoding and decoding of visual perception in the primate brain
Authors: Dado Thirza , Papale Paolo , Lozano Antonio , Le Lynn , Wang Feng , van Gerven Marcel , Roelfsema Pieter , Güçlütürk Yağmur , Güçlü Umut
Published: May 2024

A challenging goal of neural coding is to characterize the neural representations underlying visual perception. To this end, multi-unit activity (MUA) of macaque visual cortex was recorded in a passive fixation task upon presentation of faces and natural images. We analyzed the relationship between MUA and latent representations of state-of-the-art deep generative models, including the conventional and feature-disentangled representations of generative adversarial networks (GANs) (i.e., z- and w-latents of StyleGAN, respectively) and language-contrastive representations of latent diffusion networks (i.e., CLIP-latents of Stable Diffusion). A mass univariate neural encoding analysis of the latent representations showed that feature-disentangled w representations outperform both z and CLIP representations in explaining neural responses. Further, w-latent features were found to be positioned at the higher end of the complexity gradient which indicates that they capture visual information relevant to high-level neural activity. Subsequently, a multivariate neural decoding analysis of the feature-disentangled representations resulted in state-of-the-art spatiotemporal reconstructions of visual perception. Taken together, our results not only highlight the important role of feature-disentanglement in shaping high-level neural representations underlying visual perception but also serve as an important benchmark for the future of neural coding.
Cooltools: Enabling high-resolution Hi-C analysis in Python
Authors:   Open2C, Abdennur Nezar , Abraham Sameer , Fudenberg Geoffrey , Flyamer Ilya M. , Galitsyna Aleksandra A. , Goloborodko Anton , Imakaev Maxim , Oksuz Betul A. , Venev Sergey V. , Xiao Yao
Published: May 2024

Chromosome conformation capture (3C) technologies reveal the incredible complexity of genome organization. Maps of increasing size, depth, and resolution are now used to probe genome architecture across cell states, types, and organisms. Larger datasets add challenges at each step of computational analysis, from storage and memory constraints to researchers’ time; however, analysis tools that meet these increased resource demands have not kept pace. Furthermore, existing tools offer limited support for customizing analysis for specific use cases or new biology. Here we introduce cooltools (https://github.com/open2c/cooltools), a suite of computational tools that enables flexible, scalable, and reproducible analysis of high-resolution contact frequency data. Cooltools leverages the widely-adopted cooler format which handles storage and access for high-resolution datasets. Cooltools provides a paired command line interface (CLI) and Python application programming interface (API), which respectively facilitate workflows on high-performance computing clusters and in interactive analysis environments. In short, cooltools enables the effective use of the latest and largest genome folding datasets.
Price and party: The importance of partisanship and cost in American climate public opinion
Authors: Scheuch Eric G.
Published: May 2024

Existing research on American climate opinion demonstrates that a wide variety of variables impact whether voters support a given policy. However, little research has empirically tested which variables matter the most in creating durable majority support for climate policies, and how varying outcomes of those variables can impact such support. I use a conjoint experiment to test the extent to which American voters value the six most important variables around climate mitigation policy, as illustrated in the current literature, and which potential options among those values attract the greatest support. I improve in external validity over previous conjoints by introducing partisanship and policy level, as well as more realistic ranges for policy cost. I find that voters generally-and across racial, gender, and partisan lines- value some variables ten times higher than others, and prefer Democratic or Bipartisan policies that are low cost and provide a variety of benefits.
Self-reported symptom burden among patients attending public health care facilities in India: Looking through ICPC-3 lens
Authors: Gupta Priti , Bharati Bhavna , Sundar Sahu Kirti , Mahapatra Pranab , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the socio-demographics and classify the chief complaints and reasons to encounter facilities of patients presenting to public healthcare facilities; 2) to explore differences in these complaints and: International Classification of Primary Care-3 (ICPC-3) groups across socio-demographic and health system levels.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in three districts of Odisha, India. Within each district, the district hospital (DH), one Sub-district hospital (SDH) (if available), two Community health centers (CHCs), and two Primary health care centers (PHCs) were selected. Thus, a total of three DHs, three SDHs, six CHCs, and six PHCs were covered. Two tertiary healthcare facilities were also included. Patients aged 18 years and older, attending the Outpatient Departments (OPD) of sampled health facilities were chosen as study participants through systematic random sampling.

Results

A total of 3044 patients were interviewed. In general, 65% of the sample reported symptoms as their chief complaint for reason of encounter, whereas 35% reported disease and diagnosis. The most common reasons to encounter health facilities were fever, hypertension, abdominal pain, chest pain, arthritis, skin disease, cough, diabetes, and injury. Among the symptoms, the highest number of patients reported the general category (29%), followed by the digestive system (16%). In the disease category, the circulatory system has the highest proportion, followed by the musculatory system. In symptom categories, general, digestive, and musculatory systems were the key systems for the reasons of encounter in outpatient departments irrespective of different groups of the population. In terms of different tiers of health systems, the top three reasons to visit OPD were dominated by the circulatory system, respiratory system, and musculatory system.

Conclusion

This is the first Indian study using the ICPC-3 classification for all three levels of health care. Irrespective of age, socio-economic variables, and tiers of healthcare, the top three groups to visit public health facilities according to the ICPC-3 classification were consistent i.e., general, digestive, and circulatory. Implementation of standard management and referral guidelines for common diseases under these groups will improve the quality and burden at public health facilities in India.
The effect of temperature on the boundary conditions of West Nile virus circulation in Europe
Authors: de Freitas Costa Eduardo , Streng Kiki , Avelino de Souza Santos Mariana , Counotte Michel Jacques
Published: May 2024

West Nile virus (WNV) is a vector-borne flavivirus that causes an increasing number of human and equine West Nile fever cases in Europe. While the virus has been present in the Mediterranean basin and the Balkans since the 1960s, recent years have witnessed its northward expansion, with the first human cases reported in Germany in 2018 and the Netherlands in 2020. WNV transmission and amplification within mosquitoes are temperature-dependent. This study applies a mathematical modelling approach to assess the conditions under which WNV circulation occurs based on the proportion of mosquito bites on WNV-competent birds (dilution), vector-host ratios, mosquito season length and the observed daily temperature data. We modelled five distinct European regions where previous WNV circulation has been observed within the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Greece. We observed that the number of days in which the basic reproduction number (R0) is above one, increased over the last 40 years in all five regions. In the Netherlands, the number of days in which the R0 is above one, is 70% lower than in Spain. The temperature in Greece, Spain and Italy allowed for circulation under low vector-host ratios, and at a high dilution. On the other hand in the Netherlands and Germany, given the observed daily temperature, the thresholds for circulation requires a lower dilution and higher vector-host ratios. For the Netherlands, a short window of introductions between late May and mid-June would result in detectable outbreaks. Our findings revealed that the temperate maritime climate of the Netherlands allows WNV circulation primarily during warmer summers, and only under high vector-host ratios. This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between temperature, vector properties, and WNV transmission, offering guidance for proactive strategies in addressing this emerging health threat in Europe.
Nurturing care practices for children with developmental disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Onyango Silas , Nampijja Margaret , Otwate Paul , Langat Nelson , Oloo Linda , Okelo Kenneth , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia
Published: May 2024

Background

The majority of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). NDDs are a public health concern in countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Nurturing care has been recommended as a pathway for addressing the developmental needs and unlocking the full potential of children, including those with NDDs. However, little information exists on the strategies to support children with NDDs using the Nurturing Care Framework in many countries in SSA. This review aims to synthesize information on nurturing care practices for children with NDDs in SSA. The review will also determine gaps in the provision of nurturing care for children with NDDs. Further, the review will highlight the drivers of care as well as the experiences of the caregivers.

Methods

The review will be implemented in six steps: specification of the research question, identification of relevant studies, selection of studies to be included, extracting, mapping, and charting the data, collating, summarizing, and reporting the results, and stakeholder consultation. We propose a database search followed by a manual search for the literature synthesis. We will search the following electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Open Grey and African Journals Online (AJOL). All studies published after May 2018 to May 2023 that include relevant terms will be identified and included. The research team will develop a data extraction form for use in capturing relevant information from each of the included studies. A patterning chart that will summarize and analyze the key findings of each article will be created.

Discussion

We anticipate that the study will provide evidence on the existing nurturing care practices and unearth gaps in the provision of nurturing care for children with NDDs. Key determinants of care and the experiences of the parents/caregivers of children will also be identified. The study will provide key recommendations on interventions to improve the quality of care for children with NDDs. Through this study, awareness of the unmet nurturing care needs of these children will be increased. The evidence generated may assist policymakers and stakeholders in addressing the needs of children with NDDs.
Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: A longitudinal study in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Esta , Siregar Adiatma , Hidayat Achmad K. , Yusuf Arief A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Stunting is associated with adverse outcomes in adulthood. This article specifically aims to analyse the relationship between childhood stunting and education as well as cognitive outcomes for adults in Indonesia.

Methods

Pooled data from wave one (1) and two (2) of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 1993 and 1997 identified a sub-sample of 4,379 children aged 0–5 by their height-for-age (HAZ) to be compared for their differences in educational outcomes and cognitive abilities in 2014. HAZ was used to proxy relative height to determine stunting status based on 2006 WHO child’s growth standards. Education and cognitive abilities outcomes include years of schooling, age of school entry, grade repetition, and scores for cognitive and math tests. The study employs estimation models of pooled regressions and instrumental variable (IV) to address problems of endogeneity and bias from omitted variables.

Results

Stunting and relatively small stature had significant associations with cognitive development, and they worked as intermediaries to cognitive developmental barriers as manifested in reduced educational outcomes. A lack of one SD in HAZ was associated with 0.6 years shortened length of the school, 3% higher chances of dropouts from secondary school, and 0.10–0.23 SD lowered cognitive and numerical scores. Similarly, stunting is associated with decrease cognitive test scores by 0.56–0.8 SD compared to non-stunting, two years less schooling, and 0.4 years of delayed entry to school. As for cognitive abilities, stunting is associated with lower cognitive and numerical abilities by 0.38–0.82 z-scores.

Conclusion

Growth retardation during childhood in Indonesia was associated with lower cognitive abilities, particularly during school age, and this correlation faded as individuals grew up. Subsequently, growth retardation is significantly linked to lower educational outcomes. Impaired growth has implications for reduced lifetime earnings potential mediated by diminished cognitive capacity and lower educational attainment. The finding suggests that development in Indonesia during recent decades has not provided an adequate environment to enable children to achieve their potential educational outcomes.
How can industrial intelligence change the employment structure of the floating population?
Authors: Siyao Li , Ya Wang , Yingfeng Li
Published: May 2024

As the wave of industrial intelligence (AI) swept, the demographic dividend era in the Chinese labor market continued to decrease. This study aimed to explore how AI reshaped the labor employment structure of the floating population. Additionally, it clarified the internal mechanism of AI on the employment structure of the floating population based on the existing AI model and the theoretical model of AI technology. At the same time, the workforce was divided into high-, medium-, and low-skilled groups according to education level. Empirical analysis was conducted using relevant data from 31 Chinese provinces spanning from 2012 to 2018. The aim was to test the impact of AI technology on the employment of different types of floating populations. The results indicated that: (1) industrial robots impacted heterogeneous skilled floating population labor by bipolar promotion and central substitution. (2) The application of industrial robots had a promotion effect on unfinished school and primary school groups, a substitution effect on middle school, high school/technical secondary school, and college specialties, and a promotion effect on college undergraduate and graduate students. (3) Distinguish employment status, industrial robot application had a significant negative impact on low-skilled employees and significant positive effects on high-skilled employers. Hence, it was recommended to put forward corresponding policy suggestions to address this issue.
Combining temperature-dependent life table data into Insect Life Cycle Model to forecast fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) distribution in maize agro-ecological zones in Africa
Authors: Adan Marian , Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Kassa Cojdo E. F. , Greve Klaus , Borgemeister Christian , Goergen Georg
Published: May 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an invasive agricultural pest, has significantly impacted crop yields across Africa. This study investigated the relationship between temperature and FAW life history traits, employing life cycle modeling at temperatures of 20, 25, 28, 30, and 32°C. The development time for eggs, larvae, and pupae varied from 0–3 days, 10–18 days, and 7–16 days, respectively. The optimal temperature range for immature stage survival and female fecundity was identified as 21–25°C, with the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and gross reproductive rate (GRR) peaking at 25–28°C. Model validation confirmed the accuracy of these findings. The research further projected the Establishment Risk Index (ERI), Activity Index (AI), and Generation Index (GI) for FAW under current and future climates (2050 and 2070) using RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Results indicate that RCP 2.6 leads to a reduction in high-risk FAW areas, particularly in central Africa. Conversely, RCP 8.5 suggests an increase in areas conducive to FAW activity. These findings highlight the impact of climate policy on pest dynamics and the importance of incorporating climatic factors into pest management strategies. The study predicts a potential decrease in FAW prevalence in West Africa by 2070 under aggressive climate mitigation, providing a basis for future FAW management approaches.
Risk of deep venous thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheter: A retrospective cohort study of 11.588 catheters in Brazil
Authors: Silva Telma Christina do Campo , Braga Luciene Muniz , Vieira Junior Jose Mauro
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) due to Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is one of the most threatening complications after device insertion.

Objective

To assess the rate of PICC-associated DVT and analyze the risk factors associated with this event in cancer and critically ill patients.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive, retrospective cohort study with 11,588 PICCs from December 2014 to December 2019. Patients ≥ 18 years receiving a PICC were included. Pre-and post-puncture variables were collected and a logistic regression was used to identify the independent factors associated with the risk of DVT.

Results

The DVT prevalence was 1.8% (n = 213). The median length of PICC use was 15.3 days. The median age was 75 years (18; 107) and 52% were men, 53.5% were critically ill and 29.1% oncological patients. The most common indications for PICC’s were intravenous antibiotics (79.1%). Notably, 91.5% of PICC showed a catheter-to-vein ratio of no more than 33%. The tip location method with intracavitary electrocardiogram was used in 43%. Most catheters (67.9%) were electively removed at the end of intravenous therapy. After adjusting for cancer profile ou chemotherapy, regression anaysis revealed that age (OR 1.011; 95% CI 1.002–1.020), previous DVT (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.12–3.44) and obstruction of the device (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.05–2.42) were independent factors associated with PICC-associated DVT, whereas the use of an anticoagulant regimen was a protective variable (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.54–0.99).

Conclusion

PICC is a safe and suitable intravenous device for medium and long-term therapy, with low rates of DVT even in a cohort of critically ill and cancer patients.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke depression: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kong Demin , Li Yangyang , Zou Wei
Published: May 2024

Background

Post-stroke depression is a common complication of stroke, with a high incidence rate and low recognition rate. Many patients do not receive effective intervention at the onset, which affects subsequent treatment outcomes. Post-stroke depression not only impacts the patient’s mental well-being but also increases the risk of stroke recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore, it has become a significant public health concern. Acupuncture has gained significant popularity in the treatment of post-stroke depression. However, there are inconsistent clinical research results regarding its efficacy and safety. This systematic review aims to gather and critically assess all available evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of post-stroke depression in patients.

Methods

We will conduct thorough searches for relevant studies in multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wan-fang Data and China Biomedical Database). Our search scope will encompass studies published from the inception of each database until September 2023. To evaluate the potential bias in all the included studies, we will adhere to the guidelines offered in the Cochrane Handbook. The total effective rate will be the primary outcome. To conduct a systematic review, we will employ RevMan 5.4 software.

Results

This study will obtain efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of post-stroke depression.

Conclusions

The conclusions of this study will provide evidence-based perspectives that can guide clinical decision-making regarding the practicality and recommended timing of using acupuncture to treat post-stroke depression. Furthermore, this study will help advance the clinical application of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke depression and enhance its efficacy while ensuring patient safety.
An investigation into perceived autonomy support, motivation and competence in chronic pain patients in Ireland: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheridan Kate , O’Connor Siobhan , Whyte Enda
Published: May 2024

Autonomy supportive healthcare settings are associated with enhanced behaviour change and self-management strategies in individuals living with chronic disease. The level of autonomy support provided by healthcare professionals to individuals living with chronic pain in Ireland is unknown. A cross-sectional study was completed on participants living with chronic pain (>3 months) in Ireland. Participants (n = 389) completed an anonymous survey constructed of patient reported outcome measures relating to autonomy support (HCCQ), motivation (TSRQ), competence in physical activity (PCS), pain interference (BPI) and psychological factors (PHQ-9, GAD-7). Results showed the median HCCQ (H = 39.287, p < .001), Autonomous Motivation (H = 13.568, p = 0.019) and PCS (H = 30.701, p < .001) scores were significantly different when patients received care from different healthcare professionals. There was a negative correlation between PCS and pain severity (r = -0.32, <0.01), pain interference (r = -0.44, p = <0.01), PHQ-9 (r = -0.50, p = <0.01) and GAD-7 (r = -0.34, p = <0.01). This study has identified that perceived healthcare support in Ireland varies according to the healthcare professional leading pain care. Furthermore, higher levels of self-determination were associated with decreased depression and anxiety in individuals with chronic pain. Given the limited number of multidisciplinary team clinics to provide pain management programs, an alternative cost-effective community led solution is required. The results of this study indicate that allied health professionals may be well placed to fill this void. Future research exploring the barriers to providing healthcare supportive settings is required.
A study on assessing the toxic effects of ethyl paraben on rohu (Labeo rohita) using different biomarkers; hemato-biochemical assays, histology, oxidant and antioxidant activity and genotoxicity
Authors: Akmal Hasnain , Ahmad Shabbir , Abbasi Muddasir Hassan , Jabeen Farhat , Shahzad Khurram
Published: May 2024

Parabens are being used as preservatives due to their antifungal and antimicrobial effects. They are emerging as aquatic pollutants due to their excessive use in many products. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of ethyl paraben (C9H10O3) on the hematobiochemical, histological, oxidative, and anti-oxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity; the study also evaluates the potential of ethyl paraben to cause genotoxicity in Rohu Labeo rohita. A number of 15 fish with an average weight of 35.45±1.34g were placed in each group and exposed to ethyl paraben for 21 days. Three different concentrations of ethyl paraben, i.e., T1 (2000μg/L), T2 (4000 μg/L), andT3 (6000 μg/L) on which fish were exposed as compared to the control T0 (0.00 μg/L). Blood was used for hematobiochemical and comet assay. Gills, kidneys, and liver were removed for histological alterations. The results showed a significant rise in all hemato-biochemical parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, PLT count, blood sugar, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol. An increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels directed the hepatocytic damage. Histological alterations in the liver, gills and kidneys of fish were found. Ethylparaben induces oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant enzyme activity such as SOD, GSH, CAT and POD. Based on the comet assay, DNA damage was also observed in blood cells, resulting in genotoxicity. Findings from the present study indicate that ethyl paraben induces hemato-biochemical alterations, tissue damage, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity.
Toll-like receptors 1–9 in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors–Clinical significance and prognosis
Authors: Hiltunen Niko , Kemi Niko , Väyrynen Juha P. , Böhm Jan , Kauppila Joonas H. , Huhta Heikki , Helminen Olli
Published: May 2024

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immunity. TLRs are known to mediate both antitumor effects and tumorigenesis. TLRs are abundant in many cancers, but their expression in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB-NETs) is unknown. We aimed to characterize the expression of TLRs 1–9 in SB-NETs and lymph node metastases and evaluate their prognostic relevance. The present study included 125 patients with SB-NETs, of whom 95 had lymph node metastases, from two Finnish hospitals. Tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically for TLR expression, assessed based on cytoplasmic and nucleic staining intensity and percentage of positively stained cells. Statistical methods for survival analysis included Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression adjusted for confounding factors. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was the primary outcome. TLRs 1–2 and 4–9 were expressed in SB-NETs and lymph node metastases. TLR3 showed no positive staining. In primary SB-NETs, TLRs 1–9 were not associated with survival. For lymph node metastases, high cytoplasmic TLR7 intensity associated with worse DSS compared to low cytoplasmic intensity (26.4% vs. 84.9%, p = 0.028). Adjusted mortality hazard (HR) was 3.90 (95% CI 1.07–14.3). The expression of TLRs 1–6 and 8–9 in lymph node metastases were not associated with survival. SB-NETs and their lymph node metastases express cytoplasmic TLR 1–2 and 4–9 and nucleic TLR5. High TLR7 expression in SB-NET lymph node metastases was associated with worse prognosis. The current research has future perspective, as it can help create base for clinical drug trials to target specific TLRs with agonists or antagonists to treat neuroendocrine tumors.
Study protocol: Early neurological deterioration in patients with minor stroke, frequency, predictors, and outcomes in Vietnam single-centre study
Authors: Nguyen Dung Tien , Mai Ton Duy , Dao Phuong Viet , Ha Hung Tran , Le Anh Tuan , Nguyen Tuyet Trinh Thi , Vuong Trung Xuan , Tran Minh Cong
Published: May 2024

Early neurological deterioration (END) is progressive neurological deterioration with an increase in NIHSS score of 2 points or more in the first 72 hours from the onset of acute ischemic stroke. END increases the risk of poor clinical outcomes at day 90 of ischemic stroke. We will study the frequency, predictors, and outcomes of patients with END in a case-control study at a comprehensive stroke centre in Vietnam. of the design is a descriptive observational study, longitudinal follow-up of patients with minor stroke hospitalized at the Stroke Center of Bach Mai Hospital from December 1, 2023, to December 1, 2024. Minor stroke patients characterized by NIHSS score ≤ 5 hospitalized within 24 hours of symptom onset will be recruited. The estimated END rate is about 30%, relative accuracy ε = 0.11, 95% reliability, expected 5% of patients lost data or follow-up, and an estimated sample size of 779 patients. This study will help determine the END rate in patients with minor stroke and related factors, thereby building a prognostic model for END. Our study determined the END rate in patients with minor stroke in Vietnam and also proposed risk factors for minor stroke management and treatment.
The influence of occupational heat stress on serum inflammatory cytokines among traditional bakery workers in Iran
Authors: Mirsanei Zahra , Asemani Yahya , Derakhshanjazari Milad , Gharibi Vahid , Norouzi Pirasteh , Mahdavi Sepideh , Cousins Rosanna
Published: May 2024

Heat exposure exceeding the ISO7243:1989 standard limit can contribute to health problems among employees in a variety of workplaces. Ignoring heat standard requirements in hot working conditions such as bakeries results in physiologic and health problems, as well as an elevated risk of later illnesses. In this analytical case-control study, the serum levels of four inflammatory factors (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein) were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 105 male artisan bakers (in four job classifications in bakeries and staff) were compared based on demographic characteristics and inflammatory factors. The findings of the study showed correlations between serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels and thermal exposure in the occupational environment and employment type. Moreover, some differences in serum level of interleukin-1β and job type were observed. Heat overexposure affected the increase of interleukin-1β and C-reactive protein secretion. As a result of years of working in high-temperature conditions, inflammation can lead to subsequent diseases in workers. To protect their health from this occupational hazard, additional safeguards are needed. Our recommendations could also be applied to overly hot work environments that may cause heat stress in workers.
Effect of multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon on micronutrient status among women and children in the Northern Region of Ghana: Protocol for the Condiment Micronutrient Innovation Trial (CoMIT), a community-based randomized controlled trial
Authors: Engle-Stone Reina , Wessells K Ryan , Haskell Marjorie J. , Kumordzie Sika M. , Arnold Charles D. , Davis Jennie N. , Becher Emily R. , Fuseini Ahmed D. , Nyaaba Kania W. , Tan Xiuping , Adams Katherine P. , Lietz Georg , Vosti Stephen A. , Adu-Afarwuah Seth
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in West Africa, particularly among women of reproductive age (WRA) and young children. Bouillon is a promising food fortification vehicle due to its widespread consumption. This study aims to evaluate the impact of multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cubes, compared to control bouillon cubes (fortified with iodine only), on micronutrient status and hemoglobin concentrations among lactating and non-lactating WRA and young children in northern Ghana.

Methods

This randomized, controlled doubly-masked trial will be conducted in the Kumbungu and Tolon districts in the Northern Region of Ghana, where prior data indicate multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common. Participants will be: 1) non-pregnant non-lactating WRA (15–49 y), 2) children 2–5 y, and 3) non-pregnant lactating women 4–18 months postpartum. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive household rations of one of two types of bouillon cubes: 1) a multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cube containing vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and iodine, or 2) a control cube containing iodine only.

Each participant’s household will receive a ration of bouillon cubes every 2 weeks, and households will be advised to prepare meals as usual, using the study-provided cubes. The trial duration will be 9 months for non-pregnant non-lactating WRA and children, and 3 months for lactating women. The primary outcomes will be changes in biomarkers of micronutrient status and hemoglobin among WRA and children and milk micronutrient concentrations among lactating women. Secondary outcomes will include change in prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and anemia; dietary intake of bouillon and micronutrients; inflammation, malaria, and morbidity symptoms; and child growth and development.

Discussion

Evidence from this study will inform discussions about bouillon fortification in Ghana and West Africa.

Trial registration

The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05178407) and the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202206868437931). This manuscript reflects protocol version 4 (August 29, 2022).
Modeling a hot, dry future: Substantial range reductions in suitable environment projected under climate change for a semiarid riparian predator guild
Authors: Blais Brian R. , Koprowski John L.
Published: May 2024

An understanding of species-environmental relationships is invaluable for effective conservation and management under anthropogenic climate change, especially for biodiversity hotspots such as riparian habitats. Species distribution models (SDMs) assess present species-environmental relationships which can project potential suitable environments through space and time. An understanding of environmental factors associated with distributions can guide conservation management strategies under a changing climate. We generated 260 ensemble SDMs for five species of Thamnophis gartersnakes (n = 347)—an important riparian predator guild—in a semiarid and biogeographically diverse region under impact from climate change (Arizona, United States). We modeled present species-environmental relationships and projected changes to suitable environment under 12 future climate scenarios per species, including the most and least optimistic greenhouse gas emission pathways, through 2100. We found that Thamnophis likely advanced northward since the turn of the 20th century and overwinter temperature and seasonal precipitation best explained present distributions. Future ranges of suitable environment for Thamnophis are projected to decrease by ca. -37.1% on average. We found that species already threatened with extinction or those with warm trailing-edge populations likely face the greatest loss of suitable environment, including near or complete loss of suitable environment. Future climate scenarios suggest an upward advance of suitable environment around montane areas for some low to mid-elevation species, which may create pressures to ascend. The most suitable environmental areas projected here can be used to identify potential safe zones to prioritize conservation refuges, including applicable critical habitat designations. By bounding the climate pathway extremes to, we reduce SDM uncertainties and provide valuable information to help conservation practitioners mitigate climate-induced threats to species. Implementing informed conservation actions is paramount for sustaining biodiversity in important aridland riparian systems as the climate warms and dries.
Structural basis for raccoon dog receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hsueh Fu-Chun , Shi Ke , Mendoza Alise , Bu Fan , Zhang Wei , Aihara Hideki , Li Fang
Published: May 2024

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, raccoon dogs have been suggested as a potential intermediary in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to humans. To understand their role in the COVID-19 pandemic and the species barrier for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans, we analyzed how their ACE2 protein interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Biochemical data showed that raccoon dog ACE2 is an effective receptor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, though not as effective as human ACE2. Structural comparisons highlighted differences in the virus-binding residues of raccoon dog ACE2 compared to human ACE2 (L24Q, Y34H, E38D, T82M, R353K), explaining their varied effectiveness as receptors for SARS-CoV-2. These variations contribute to the species barrier that exists between raccoon dogs and humans regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Identifying these barriers can help assess the susceptibility of other mammals to SARS-CoV-2. Our research underscores the potential of raccoon dogs as SARS-CoV-2 carriers and identifies molecular barriers that affect the virus’s ability to jump between species.
Climate resilience of small-town water utilities in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Geremew Abraham , Nijhawan Anisha , Mengistie Bezatu , Mekbib Dinku , Flint Adrian , Howard Guy
Published: May 2024

Climate change threatens the safety of water supplies globally, but small water supplies in rapidly growing and urbanizing towns in low- and middle-income countries are especially at risk. Despite the efforts of the Government of Ethiopia, research shows that that small-town water utilities in Ethiopia are poorly equipped to prioritize developing and maintaining climate-resilient water services. We applied the How tough is WASH framework for climate resilient water supplies to ten town water utilities in Eastern Ethiopia to identify their strengths and weaknesses in preparing for climate change. We found reports of weak institutional support from service authorities and exclusion of climate risk management from trainings, which cascades down to service providers in the form of lack of emergency response, inadequate staffing and financial mismanagement. This is consistent with previous studies on sustainability of town water utilities, and highlights the applicability of this tool into existing monitoring frameworks that have been proposed for town water utilities in Ethiopia. We also modified the How tough is WASH framework to capture these findings and better reflect the complexity of a utility-managed piped water supply.
Labelling in the academy: identity renegotiation among postgraduate teaching assistants
Authors: Campbell Kristyna
Published: May 2024

In recent years, higher education has encountered a steep rise in the employment of postgraduate teaching assistants. While this has provided professional development opportunities to doctoral candidates, conflict around the perception of these early career colleagues has emerged. Notably, the role of the postgraduate teaching assistant is characterised by flexibility, by its existing between structures and recognised roles. This betweenness can be problematic, leading to regular identity renegotiation to gain a sense of stability. Employed at a research-intensive Russell Group university, the author of this autoethnographic article examines self-reported reflective journals to ascertain the adjustments encountered throughout their practice. The author considers a postgraduate teaching assistant as blended professional, based on their experience with merging cultures and identities while situated on the periphery. The discussion reveals how postgraduate teaching assistants are influenced and supported by their academic and social environments, determining who and how they are in relation to others. The author also considers encounters that have helped to develop their third space activity, closing with a reflection on renegotiation pointing to the ways postgraduate teaching assistants can be anchored in the institutional structure.
Incidence and Impact of Takotsubo Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Li Pengyang , Shi Ao , Lu Xiaojia , Li Chenlin , Cai Peng , Teng Catherine , Wu Lingling , Shu Yuan , Pan Su , Dixon Richard A. F. , Liu Qi , Wang Bin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Takotsubo syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19, although minimal data are available. This investigation assessed the incidence and impact of takotsubo syndrome on patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 with or without takotsubo syndrome in the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database. Outcomes between groups were compared after propensity score matching for patient and hospital demographics and comorbidities.

Results:

A total of 211,448 patients with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 171 (0.08%) had a secondary diagnosis of takotsubo syndrome. Before matching, patients with COVID-19 and takotsubo syndrome, compared with patients without takotsubo syndrome, were older (68.95 vs 64.26 years; P < .001); more likely to be female (64.3% vs 47.2%; P < .001); and more likely to have anxiety (24.6% vs 12.8%; P < .001), depression (17.5% vs 11.4%; P = .02), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24.6% vs 14.7%; P < .001). The takotsubo syndrome group had worse outcomes than the non–takotsubo syndrome group for death (30.4% vs 11.1%), cardiac arrest (7.6% vs 2.1%), cardiogenic shock (12.9% vs 0.4%), length of hospital stay (10.7 vs 7.5 days), and total charges ($152,685 vs $78,468) (all P < .001). After matching and compared with the non–takotsubo syndrome group (n = 508), the takotsubo syndrome group (n = 170) had a higher incidence of inpatient mortality (30% vs 14%; P < .001), cardiac arrest (7.6% vs 2.8%; P = .009), and cardiogenic shock (12.4% vs 0.4%; P < .001); a longer hospital stay (10.7 vs 7.6 days; P < .001); and higher total charges ($152,943 vs $79,523; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Takotsubo syndrome is a rare but severe in-hospital complication in patients with COVID-19.
Filosofía política y derechos humanos
Authors: Ramiro Avilés Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2024

El libro comienza con un capítulo en el que se explica en qué consiste esta aproximación a algunos problemas clásicos de la filosofía política desde los derechos humanos. La política es una actividad humana que debe tener como finalidad la construcción de un sistema social más justo e igualitario, que estará sometido a una crítica y revisión constantes para que quienes mandan y quienes obedecen tengan razones suficientes para mandar y obedecer. Y todo ello deberá estar presidido (segundo capítulo) por los valores fundacionales de los derechos humanos. La dignidad humana, expresada en una serie de valores, debe ser la medida a la que deben ajustarse las soluciones políticas a los problemas. El tercer capítulo analiza la relación y el equilibrio que política, moral y Derecho guardan entre sí. Desde que Nicolás Maquiavelo desmintiera que el buen político necesariamente era un buen ciudadano, el conflicto entre las exigencias de la política, el contenido de la moral y los controles jurídicos ha estado presente en nuestras vidas. Aun reconociendo que la política tiene sus propias reglas de éxito, los derechos humanos trazan límites infranqueables. Una posible solución a este conflicto la proporciona el Estado de Derecho (cuarto capítulo) que surge de las revoluciones liberales y que llega hasta nuestros días en forma de Estado Social de Derecho. Es en el Estado de Derecho donde la acción política se embrida. No obstante, esta forma de organización jurídico-política también debe estar sometida a límites, de ahí que el capítulo quinto se dedique a analizar el paternalismo jurídico y el moralismo legal, como dos de las formas más complejas en que se ha manifestado la intervención del Estado en la vida de las personas. Termina el libro con un capítulo que analiza la necesidad de rescatar el debate ideológico entre la izquierda y la derecha sobre la base de una mayor igualdad no solo de oportunidades sino también de resultados con el fin último de que la sociedad sea más inclusiva.
Gestión del conocimiento en educación superior
Authors: Suazo Galdames Iván , Saracostti Schwartzman Mahia
Published: May 2024

La gestión del conocimiento se define como el proceso de capturar, desarrollar, compartir y utilizar de manera efectiva el conocimiento en una organización. En el contexto de las instituciones de educación superior, esto implica la habilidad de identificar, organizar y distribuir conocimientos académicos y de investigación para mejorar la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la innovación. En un mundo donde el conocimiento es el motor de las sociedades avanzadas, las instituciones de educación superior enfrentan el desafío constante de gestionar eficientemente la abrumadora cantidad de información disponible. Gestión del conocimiento en educación superior invita a explorar la complejidad de este proceso, proponiendo una mirada integral sobre cómo las universidades pueden estructurar sus recursos, estrategias y políticas para maximizar su contribución al conocimiento global. El libro está dirigido no solo a académicos y profesionales de la gestión del conocimiento, sino también a cualquier persona interesada en el futuro de la educación superior. Sin embargo, su enfoque detallado y práctico lo hace especialmente relevante para directivos de instituciones de educación superior que estén inmersos en procesos de complejización institucional. Este libro resume la experiencia de los autores sobre cómo circula el conocimiento en la sociedad y busca inspirar un cambio hacia prácticas más efectivas, inclusivas y sostenibles, contribuyendo así al desarrollo social y al avance científico.
Rendemen Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) dengan Metode Pengeringan yang Dikombinasi dengan Kain Penutup
Authors: Wiraputra Muhammad Dwijunianto , Nurchayati Yulita , Hastuti Endah Dwi , Setiari Nintya
Published: May 2024

Kualitas jahe merah ditentukan oleh kandungan minyak atsiri yang mudah menguap. Kombinasi cabinet solar dryer (CSD) sebagai alat pengering yang dikombinasikan dengan kain penutup dapat mempengaruhi rendemen minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi metode pengeringan dengan penambahan kain penutup terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri jahe merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah pengeringan dengan cabinet solar dryer dan metode terbuka tanpa alat. Faktor kedua adalah tanpa kain, 1 lapis kain dan 2 lapis kain penutup. Parameter yang diamati adalah volume minyak atsiri, rendemen minyak atsiri, kadar air, susut bobot, suhu pengeringan, kelembaban udara, dan morfologi jahe. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengeringan rimpang jahe, yang telah diiris dengan ketebalan 5 mm. Rendemen minyak atsiri dianalisis dengan metode destilasi uap dan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara metode pengeringan dan kain penutup terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri. Rendemen tertinggi (0,98%) diperoleh dengan metode pengeringan matahari langsung dengan 1 lapis kain penutup. Kadar air terendah dan susut bobot tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan matahari langsung tanpa kain penutup sebesar 13,04% dan 79,93%. Perlakuan optimal dalam meningkatkan volume dan rendemen minyak atsiri diperoleh pada metode pengeringan matahari terbuka dengan 1 lapis kain penutup. Metode pengeringan dengan alat CSD tanpa kain penutup menghasilkan minyak atsiri yang tinggi sebesar 0,6%. The quality of red ginger is determined by its volatile essential oil content.  A cabinet solar dryer (CSD) combined with a cloth cover can affect the yield of ginger essential oil. This study aims the effect of the drying method combined with cover cloth on the yield of red ginger essential oil. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern 2 x 3 with 3 repetitions. The parameters observed were essential oil volume and yield, water content, weight loss, drying temperature, drying humidity, and ginger morphology. The method used was dried rhizome chopped with a thickness of 5 mm. The essential oils were analyzed by steam and water distillation. The results showed that there was an interaction between the two treatments for essential oil yields. The highest essential oil yield (0.98%) was obtained from direct sunlight with 1 layer of cloth. The lowest water content and highest weight loss were found in direct sun without covering cloth at 13.04% and 79.93%. Optimal treatment in increasing oil volume and essential oil yield was obtained by drying in the open sun with 1 layer of cloth cover. Drying with a CSD without a cover cloth produces a high essential oil.