bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteroparasitism in Hard-to-Reach Community Dwellers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ga West Municipality in Ghana
Authors: Aninagyei Enoch , Yirenkyi Ruby , Rufai Tanko , Chandi Margaretta Gloria
Published: September 2020

Ga West Municipality in Ghana is predominantly rural with about forty-eight hard-to-reach communities. Several infectious diseases such as Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis, yaws, schistosomiasis, and malaria are prevalent in the municipality. However, the prevalence and characteristics of enteroparasites in the municipality are unknown. Therefore, this cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of enteroparasites in these hard-to-reach communities. Samples were collected from five communities, namely, Opah, Otuaplem, Dedeman, Onyansana, and Manchie. A total of 538 stool samples were collected from the community dwellers. Each sample was examined with eosin-saline wet preparation and formol-ether concentration technique. Body mass index, haemoglobin, and albumin concentrations were used to assess nutritional status. Seven different parasite species were identified in 178 community dwellers (33.1% prevalence (95% CI: 0.29–0.37)). The individual prevalence of the identified parasites was Schistosoma mansoni (13.4%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6.9%), Giardia lamblia (5.0%), hookworm (4.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.8%), and Balantidium coli (1.6%). Among the 178 parasitized individuals, 68.0% were singly infected while 31.5% had dual parasitism. Significantly higher infections were associated with Onyansana dwellers (p=0.019), participants aged 16–20 years (p=0.006), unmarried participants (p<0.001), those without formal education (p=0.044), and crop farmers (p=0.044). However, among the Akan tribe (p=0.015), Christians (p=0.03), and participants with higher incomes (p=0.012), infections were found to be lower. Compared to monoparasitism, dual parasitism was significantly associated with underweight (17.8 vs. 20.3 kg/m2), anaemia (7.7 vs. 9.8 g/dL), and malnutrition (27.6 vs. 31.9 g/L of albumin concentration). These findings underscore the fact that the Ga West Municipality is heavily burdened with different species of enteroparasites. Therefore, education on personal hygiene to reduce parasitic infections must be intensified while implementing regular mass deworming exercise in the municipality.
Changes in Lower Limb Muscle Activation and Degree of Weight Support according to Types of Cane‐Supported Gait in Hemiparetic Stroke Patients
Authors: Choi Eun Pyeong , Yang Seong Ju , Jung A. Hyun , Na Hye Su , Kim Yeong Ok , Cho Ki Hun
Published: September 2020

This study was aimed at investigating the changes in the degree of weight support loaded on the cane and paretic‐side lower limb muscle activation according to the types of cane and cane‐supported gait using a weight‐support feedback cane (WSFC). Eleven hemiparetic stroke patients were recruited from a local rehabilitation hospital. WSFC can measure the degree of weight support loaded on the cane during cane‐supported walking in units of kg, through a force sensor installed inside the handle. This study measured the degree of weight support loaded on the cane and lower limb muscle activation under four conditions: two‐point and three‐point gait with mono and quadripod canes. In the two‐point gait with mono and quadripod canes, subjects were asked to move the WSFC and paretic‐side foot forward at the same time and then move the nonparetic‐side foot. In the three‐point gait with mono and quadripod canes, subjects were asked to first move the WSFC forward, then the paretic‐side foot, and finally the nonparetic‐side foot. The degree of weight support loaded on the cane was significantly higher in the three‐point gait with WSFC than in the two‐point gait with WSFC for both mono (P = .047) and quadripod canes (P = .002). Additionally, the paretic‐side lower limb muscle activation during the stance phase was significantly higher in the two‐point gait with WSFC than in the three‐point gait with WSFC for both mono (P = .008 ~ .044) and quadripod canes (P = .008 ~ .026). Our results suggest that applying the three‐point gait with high cane dependence in the early stages of training for stability and subsequently applying the two‐point gait for the enhancement of lower limb muscle activation and training of normal gait pattern could be effective.
Effect of Material Characteristics of High Damping Rubber Bearings on Aseismic Behaviors of a Two‐Span Simply Supported Beam Bridge
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Li Jiawu
Published: September 2020

There are a large number of damping materials in high‐damping rubber (HDR) bearings, so the HDR bearings have the characteristics of both common rubber bearings and damping measures and show good aseismic effect. In this paper, the time‐history dynamic analysis method is used to study the seismic effects of HDR bearings on the aseismic behaviors of two‐span simply supported beam bridge under Northridge earthquake by changing the damping characteristics of the bearings. It is found that, with increasing damping of the bearings, both the horizontal shear and the displacement of the HDR bearings decrease, and the seismic energy dissipates through both the yield deformation and damping of the bearings. Although the girder and bearings have smaller displacement, when the HDR bearings with larger damping, the seismic responses, including displacement of pier top, shear force of pier bottom, and bending moment of pier bottom, are hardly affected by the change of the damping of the bearings. The HDR bearings with higher damping and yield characteristics separate and dissipate the seismic energy transmitted to the superstructure of the bridge and have better seismic effect on the structure in an earthquake.
Assessing Drug‐Drug Interaction Potential among Patients Admitted to Surgery Departments in Three Palestinian Hospitals
Authors: Rabba Abdullah K. , Abu Hussein Ayeshe M. , Abu Sbeih Bayan K. , Nasser Somaya I.
Published: September 2020

Background. Drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) are a common issue that leads to adverse drug reactions in hospitals. Patients in the surgical department are expected to have potential DDIs that may lead to morbidity and mortality. Objectives. To study potential DDI prevalence in the surgery departments in 3 hospitals in Palestine. Moreover, to identify pertinent factors that are associated with drug‐drug interactions. Method. A cross‐sectional study in 3 governmental Palestinian hospitals: Palestine Medical Complex, Rafidia Hospital, and Beit Jala Hospital. Patients who are 20 years old or above and admitted to the surgical wards between September 2017 and February 2018 were included in the study. Patient demographics, all medications given in the hospital, and hospitalization period were obtained from medical files. The digital clinical decision support system Micromedex® was used for analysis and classification of possible drug interactions. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to study the risk factors for developing DDIs. Results. 502 patients were included in this report. The prevalence of potential DDIs among patients admitted to surgery wards in three Palestinian hospitals was 56%. The number of detected potential DDIs per patient was 2.22 ± 3.76. The number of prescribed medications (P < 0.001) was found to increase the possibility of having drug interactions. Conclusions. DDIs in Palestinian hospitals are a prevalent problem, and caution should be taken when ordering medications to hospitalized patients in surgery departments.
Identification and Classification of Atmospheric Particles Based on SEM Images Using Convolutional Neural Network with Attention Mechanism
Authors: Yin Changchang , Cheng Xuezhen , Liu Xilu , Zhao Meng
Published: September 2020

Accurate identification and classification of atmospheric particulates can provide the basis for their source apportionment. Most current research studies mainly focus on the classification of atmospheric particles based on the energy spectrum of particles, which has the problems of low accuracy and being time-consuming. It is necessary to study the classification method of atmospheric particles with higher accuracy. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with attention mechanism is proposed to identify and classify the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of atmospheric particles. First, this work established a database, Qingdao 2016–2018, for atmospheric particles classification research. This database consists of 3469 SEM images of single particulates. Secondly, by analyzing the morphological characteristics of single particle SEM images, it can be divided into four categories: fibrous particles, flocculent particles, spherical particles, and mineral particles. Thirdly, by introducing attention mechanism into convolutional neural network, an Attention-CNN model for the identification and classification of the four types of atmospheric particles based on the SEM images is established. Finally, the Attention-CNN model is trained and tested based on the SEM images database, and the results of identification and classification for four types of particles are obtained. Under the same SEM images database, the classification results from Attention-CNN are compared with those of CNN and SVM. It is found that Attention-CNN has higher classification accuracy and reduces significantly the misclassification number of particles, which shows the focusing effect of attention mechanism.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and the Pancreas: Diagnosis and Treatment of Functioning and Non-Functioning Pancreatic and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Neoplasia within the MEN1 Syndrome – An International Consensus Statement
Authors: Niederle Bruno , Selberherr Andreas , Bartsch Detlef K. , Brandi Maria L. , Doherty Gerard M. , Falconi Massimo , Goudet Pierre , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Ito Tetsuhide , Jensen Robert T. , Larghi Alberto , Lee Lingaku , Öberg Kjell , Pavel Marianne , Perren Aurel , Sadowski Samira M. , Tonelli Francesco , Triponez Frédéric , Valk Gerlof D. , O’Toole Dermot , Scott-Coombes David , Thakker Rajesh V. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Treglia Giorgio , Wiedenmann Bertram
Published: September 2020

The better understanding of the biological behavior of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) organ manifestations and the increase in clinical experience warrant a revision of previously published guidelines. Duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (DP-NENs) are still the second most common manifestation in MEN1 and, besides NENs of the thymus, remain a leading cause of death. DP-NENs are thus of main interest in the effort to reevaluate recommendations for their diagnosis and treatment. Especially over the last 2 years, more clinical experience has documented the follow-up of treated and untreated (natural-course) DP-NENs. It was the aim of the international consortium of experts in endocrinology, genetics, radiology, surgery, gastroenterology, and oncology to systematically review the literature and to present a consensus statement based on the highest levels of evidence. Reviewing the literature published over the past decade, the focus was on the diagnosis of F- and NF-DP-NENs within the MEN1 syndrome in an effort to further standardize and improve treatment and follow-up, as well as to establish a “logbook” for the diagnosis and treatment of DP-NENs. This shall help further reduce complications and improve long-term treatment results in these rare tumors. The following international consensus statement builds upon the previously published guidelines of 2001 and 2012 and attempts to supplement the recommendations issued by various national and international societies.
Sobre Presenças
Authors: Manzione Fabio
Published: September 2020

Este ensaio aborda questões acerca do processo de criação do curta-metragem Presenças e a influência desse experimento fílmico na pesquisa que desenvolvo sobre aspectos sensórios e a presença física na livre improvisação musical (LIM). Para elaborar os estudos, tenho feito uso de plataformas de comunicação virtual como meio para improvisar, a fim de submeter a LIM aos mecanismos de difusão da internet e, com isso, localizar elementos que elucidem discussões e promovam novas perspectivas sobre o tema.
Soma e subtração: territorialidades e recepção teatral
Authors: Azevedo Ruan Felipe , Gonçales Diego
Published: September 2020

Elaborando um panorama das artes cênicas no país, Edélcio Mostaço narra por meio dos autores, obras, festivais e críticos que marcaram a dramaturgia contemporânea, um fragmento da história do Brasil. O autor também faz uma cuidadosa apresentação da chegada da teoria da recepção e apresenta seu escopo e assimilação no Brasil.
Evgen Bavcar: autorretratos e as imagens-mancha
Authors: Baroni Rodrigo Frare
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta a leitura de quatro autorretratos feitos pelo fotógrafo e filósofo cego Evgen Bavcar, os quais se encontram reunidos em seu livro Memória do Brasil, na tentativa de compreender como o fotógrafo constrói uma figura ou persona do “fotógrafo cego”. Ao analisar o primeiro desses autorretratos, levanto a hipótese de que Bavcar apresenta um caráter de manifesto em seu livro e proponho pensar nessas fotografias enquanto imagens-mancha, as quais, ao dirigirmos nosso olhar esperando encontrar nelas imagens feitas por um cego, são capazes de devolver uma imagem de nossa própria cegueira comum, já que, situadas no liminar da visibilidade, questionam e colocam em disputa nosso imaginário acerca da cegueira.
O antropólogo-cineasta e o nativo-a(u)tor: as transformações de Oumarou Ganda e Petit Touré em Eu, um negro, de Jean Rouch
Authors: Hirano Luis Felipe Kojima
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta a dimensão performática e corporal das personagens de Oumarou Ganda e Petit Touré no filme Eu, um negro, de Jean Rouch (1958). Para além da análise dos enquadramentos, falas e edição, enseja-se dar ênfase à interpretação da dimensão performática, tanto dos gestos corporais e feições faciais quanto da impostação da voz off de Oumarou Ganda e Petit Touré. Se, por um lado, compreender de que maneira a dimensão performática e corporal de Ganda e Touré cria uma mise-en-scène própria, possibilitando pensá-los como nativo-a(u)tores, por outro, analisar o espaço de criação das personagens traz apontamentos para pensar na construção do conhecimento antropológico a partir da relação entre Rouch e seus interlocutores.
Por uma Antropologia do corpo
Authors: Blacking John
Published: September 2020

Tradução do texto Towards an Anthropology of the Body, de John Blacking, publicado em The anthropology of the body (London: Academic Press, 1977), feita por Érica Giesbrecht, Laís Salgueiro e Ferran Tamarit Rebollo.
Filmes como coisas na Índia colonial
Authors: Banks Marcus
Published: September 2020

Este artigo argumenta que um produto visual também é material, no sentido de que objetos visuais (mesmo digitais) podem circular pelos mais variados espaços e, dependendo do contexto, podem adquirir ou expressar propriedades muito diferentes. Este artigo baseia-se em pesquisas conduzidas pelo autor em arquivos de filmes na Índia e no Reino Unido. O objetivo é mostrar que os filmes de não ficção (e a duração das filmagens) filmados por oficiais coloniais britânicos e visitantes da Índia na primeira metade do século XX formam “documentos” visuais que se baseiam em convenções fotográficas e filmes anteriores. Simultaneamente, o cinema de ficção indiano toma forma, com o trabalho pioneiro de DG Phalke. Os cinemas usam os mesmos materiais, possivelmente os mesmos tipos de câmera, porém sem intersectarem-se. Conclui-se que os filmes do período citado e posterior auxiliam entender as relações visuais entre o povo indiano como sujeito e os colonizadores britânicos.
Corpo, lacuna, traço
Authors: Santos Carolina Junqueira dos
Published: September 2020

O corpo é o que desaparece; a lacuna, o próprio desaparecimento; o traço, aquilo que resta, a marca no espaço, rastro, vestígio, cicatriz. Durante sete anos, caminhei por diversas paisagens e narrativas em busca dos mortos, fotografando o que encontrava: pedras, ossos, cinzas, florestas, ruínas, casas, trilhos de trem. As imagens agora compõem um arquivo, uma espécie de atlas warburguiano em que elas podem se encontrar, se confrontar, se inventar. O website Corpo, lacuna, traço é um dos resultados da minha pesquisa pós-doutoral, que teve como eixo um estudo sobre monumentos e memoriais aos mortos. Através de reflexões sobre a imagem, o corpo, a memória e a morte, compreendo o memorial como o novo corpo do morto, a partir de um possível efeito de presença, já que ele localiza o desaparecido no espaço físico e material de uma comunidade. Diante de um vasto arquivo de viagens e memórias, tento dar uma ordem ao que resta – as imagens. Algumas evidenciam o resto, o rastro, o traço. Outras evidenciam o apagamento dos mortos. Como ver o que a paisagem mostra?
Antenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Impairs the High-Conductance Ca
2+
-Activated K
+
Channels via Epigenetic Alteration at Gene Promoter in Male Offspring
Authors: Xu Ting , Zhao Meng , Li Huan , Zhou Xiuwen , Liu Bailin , Sun Miao , Xu Zhice , Gao Qinqin
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Antenatal exposure to glucocorticoids increases cardiovascular risks related to vascular dysfunctions in offspring, although underlying mechanisms are still unknown. As an important vascular mediator, high-conductance Ca
2+
-activated K
+
channels (BK) plays an essential role in determining vascular tone. Long-term effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on BK in offspring are largely unknown. This study examined the effects and mechanisms of antenatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of glucocorticoids on vascular BK in offspring.

Approach and Results:

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone or vehicle during the last week of pregnancy. Vascular functions, cellular electrophysiology, target gene expression, and promoter methylation were examined in mesenteric arteries of male offspring (gestational day 21 [fetus] and postnatal day 120 [adult offspring]). Antenatal dexamethasone exposure impaired BK activators-mediated relaxation and reduced whole-cell BK currents in mesenteric arteries. Antenatal dexamethasone exposure did not alter Ca
2+
/voltage-sensitivity of BK but downregulated the expressions of BK α and β1 subunits in both fetal and adult mesenteric arteries. In addition, increased promoter methylations within
BKα
and
BKβ1
were compatible with reduced expressions of the 2 genes.

Conclusions:

Our findings showed a profound and long-term impact of antenatal dexamethasone exposure on vascular BK via an altered epigenetic pattern from fetal stage to adulthood, advancing understanding of prolonged adverse effects and mechanisms of antenatal glucocorticoids exposure on vascular health in offspring.
A Model of the Fed's View on Inflation
Authors: Hasenzagl Thomas , Pellegrino Filippo , Reichlin Lucrezia , Ricco Giovanni
Published: September 2020

We develop a medium-size semistructural time series model of inflation dynamics that is consistent with the view, often expressed by central banks, that three components are important: a trend anchored by long-run expectations, a Phillips curve, and temporary fluctuations in energy prices. We find that a stable long-term inflation trend and a well-identified steep Phillips curve are consistent with the data, but they imply potential output declining since the new millennium and energy prices affecting headline inflation not only via the Phillips curve but also via an independent expectational channel.
Fear and Loathing in the Anthropocene: Grief, Compassion and the Benefits of Literature
Authors: Harris Stephen
Published: September 2020

This essay considers the nexus between literature and compassion in relation to the well-reported global environmental crisis and the attendant range of emotions, as signalled by the terms ‘ecocide’, ‘extinction crisis’ and ‘eco-anxiety’. While the words ‘grief’ and ‘hope’ have come to represent a range of associated emotions and feelings, there are important affective inflections occurring between these two semantic reference points, which are in themselves significant, if less amenable to debate and conversion to meaningful action. The following essay considers the nuances of these same affective extremities and emotional complexities, with particular reference to collective emotions such as anger and fear, and the implications of sustained feelings of dread, despair and collective trauma. The essay concludes by arguing for the constructive role of literature in mediating collective feeling and redirecting negative public emotions.
Magnesium Trisilicate Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Prompt and Efficient Lactic Acid Removers Potential for Exercise-Induce Fatigue Prevention
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wang Wenhong , Zheng Xi , Zhang Xuefei , Wang Zhuying
Published: September 2020

Exercise-induced fatigue is accumulated when lactic acid cannot be timely eliminated after intensive exercise, resulting in sport injuries. Traditional lactic acid removal methods are limited in timeliness, metabolic burden, and potential toxicity. To solve the thorny problems, in this
study, nanomedicine was introduced for lactic acid removal. Magnesium trisilicate was coated on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles exhibited a prompt and efficient lactic acid adsorbing behavior. Moreover, they have favorable magnetic properties and good biocompatibility.
The results showed that the prepared nanoparticles hold great potential in the removal of lactic acid for preventing exercise-induced fatigue.
Structural Variants of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles Differentially Affect LC3 and Autophagic Cargo Degradation
Authors: Sønstevold Tonje , Engedal Nikolai , Mørch Ýrr , Iversen Tore Geir , Skotland Tore , Sandvig Kirsten , Torgersen Maria L.
Published: September 2020

Nanoparticle drug carriers trigger a variety of cellular stress responses, including ER stress and antioxidant responses, but may also affect the intracellular degradative pathway autophagy. This can impose profound effects on drug delivery, cellular treatment responses, and nanoparticle
cytotoxicity. We recently demonstrated that even small variations in the alkyl side chains of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) drug carrier nanoparticles, namely butyl (PBCA), ethylbutyl (PEBCA), or octyl (POCA), differentially induce ER stress and redox imbalance in human cell lines. Here,
we systematically investigate how these PACA variants affect autophagy. Interestingly, treatment with PEBCA or POCA particles led to intracellular accumulation of the autophagosome marker LC3-II, but via different mechanisms. PEBCA induced an integrated stress response-and ATF4-mediated increase
in LC3B mRNA, whereas POCA blocked autophagic degradation of LC3-II and long-lived proteins in bulk. PBCA also increased LC3B mRNA via the integrated stress response and ATF4, but unlike PEBCA, it inhibited LC3 lipidation and autophagic cargo degradation. Our data demonstrate that even
subtle variations in NP structure can have profoundly different impacts on autophagy, and that careful monitoring of autophagic flux and cargo degradation is critical for drawing accurate conclusions. Our findings have important implications for the choice of PACA monomer in different therapeutic
settings.
Exosomes: Applications in Respiratory Infectious Diseases and Prospects for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Feng Jia , Waqas Ahmed , Zhu Zhihan , Chen Lukui
Published: September 2020

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of 30–150 nm diameter secreted by almost all cells. In recent years, with continuous deeper understanding of exosomes physiological functions, different reports have proven that exosomes can facilitate cell-to-cell communication by binding
to target cells and transferring their contents, together with RNAs, DNAs, proteins, and lipids between cells and tissues. With advantages that exosomes can be involved in various types of physiological processes, such as blood coagulation, cellular homeostasis, inflammation, immune surveillance,
stem cell differentiation, neuroprotection, and tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. Exosomes have been demonstrated that they can be applied in identification and treatment of multiple disorders such as cancers, cerebral ischemia, and respiratory infectious diseases. Importantly, researchers
utilize application of exosomes in the treatment of various respiratory infectious diseases that have made some breakthrough progress. However, with the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we have focused on applications of exosomes in respiratory infectious diseases and
their serious complications, including influenza, TB, ARDS and sepsis. In this review, we explain the use of exosomes in various respiratory infectious diseases and their serious complications, and hope to provide new ideas for the treatment of new coronavirus infections.
The Politics of Trade Adjustment Versus Trade Protection
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Pelc Krzysztof J.
Published: September 2020

The United States’ Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program seeks to help workers transition away from jobs lost to import competition. By contrast, trade remedies like antidumping seek to directly reduce the effect of competition at the border. Though they have very different economic effects, we show that trade adjustment and protectionism act as substitutes. Using the first geo-coded measure of US trade protectionist demands, we show that controlling for trade shocks, counties with a history of successful TAA petitions see fewer calls for trade protection. This effect holds when we confine our analysis to the steel industry, a heavy user of antidumping duties. And though they are both means of addressing import exposure, the two policy options have distinct political effects: in particular, successful TAA petitions carry a significant electoral benefit for Democratic candidates. Greater recognition of the substitutability of trade compensation and protectionism would improve governments’ response to import exposure.
Established and Excluded? Immigrants’ Economic Progress, Attitudes toward Immigrants, and the Conditioning Role of Egalitarianism and Intergroup Contact
Authors: Ziller Conrad
Published: September 2020

Immigrants’ economic progress, on the one hand, serves as an indicator of successful integration and should serve to mitigate natives’ concerns about potential economic or welfare state–related burdens of immigration. On the other hand, the fact of immigrants improving their social status may also induce perceptions of competition and group-related relative deprivation. This study examines whether immigrants’ progress leads either to improved attitudes toward immigrants or to a greater perception of immigration-related threat. Specifically, I focus on how individuals’ egalitarian values and experiences in intergroup contact condition their responses to immigrants’ economic progress. Using data from the European Social Survey 2014, combined with country-level change scores in income gaps between natives and immigrants, I find that respondents who encountered negative experiences in intergroup contact respond to immigrants’ progress with increasing anti-immigrant sentiment. A survey experiment manipulating exposure to information about group-specific income trends mirrors this finding. The results have important implications for debates about immigrants’ integration and the economic motives underlying immigration-related attitudes.
Economic Populist Sovereignism and Electoral Support for Radical Right-Wing Populism
Authors: Mazzoleni Oscar , Ivaldi Gilles
Published: September 2020

Sovereignism is at the crux of the current wave of radical right-wing populism. Populist parties advocate ‘taking back control’ and generally do so in the name of the ‘people’, pledging to restore economic well-being. This article argues that populism and sovereignism are inherently connected in radical right-wing populism politics through a set of values that emphasize popular and national sovereignty. To test the empirical validity of our proposition, we focus on two established European radical right-wing populist parties, namely the Rassemblement National in France and the Swiss People’s Party and use data from an original survey. We find that while Rassemblement National and Swiss People’s Party voters diverge in general economic orientations, they share similar economic populist sovereignist values that significantly shape electoral support for those parties. These findings suggest that economic populist sovereignism may represent an important driver of support for the radical right-wing populism, alongside other correlates of radical right-wing populism voting, such as perceived immigration threat.
Achievement Goals and Goal Progress as Drivers of Work Engagement
Authors: Bipp Tanja , Kleingeld Ad , Schelp Leonie
Published: September 2020

In two studies, we investigated the role of self-regulatory behavior in terms of achievement goals and goal progress for work engagement. Study 1 ( N = 205) revealed that trait learning goals were positively related to work engagement and performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals were unrelated to work engagement. In a second study, employees were asked to either set a (state) learning, performance-approach, or performance-avoidance goal for the upcoming work week. Goal progress and work engagement were measured one week later ( N = 106). Learning goals at the trait and state level were associated with higher work engagement and performance-avoidance goals were unrelated to work engagement. We found a positive relationship of goal progress with work engagement, in particular for employees who pursued learning or performance-approach goals. Our studies contribute to theory building by delineating the (combined) role of goal orientations (trait), state achievement goals, and goal progress for work engagement, as well as generating practical implications for the design of effective interventions to enhance work motivation in organizational practice.
First case of Ethmoid Metastasis From an Induced Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma HPV, Interest of the P16 as a Diagnosis Aid
Authors: Steffens Younès , Mat Quentin , Beatse Vincent , Meert Nicolas , Nagy Nathalie , ichou Jamal Ait , Duterme Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2020

We describe the first case of ethmoid metastasis from an oropharyngeal human papillomavirus–induced squamous cell carcinoma using the anti-P16 immunohistochemistry. The p16 overexpression can be a valuable aid in the differential diagnosis.
Swallowing Outcomes in 7 Patients Following Endoscopic Cricopharyngeal Myotomy With Primary Closure
Authors: Williamson Andrew , Scholfield Daniel , Awad Zaid
Published: September 2020

Cricopharyngeal spasm and pharyngeal pouch can result in severe dysphagia symptoms that can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life. Several surgical interventions have been demonstrated including balloon dilatation, botox injection, and open and endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy. The aim of this case series is to describe our technique for endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy and compare pre- and postoperative swallowing outcomes using objective swallowing questionnaires in a small series of patients. Seven patients diagnosed with cricopharyngeal spasm or grade 1 pharyngeal pouch on barium swallow were prospectively observed. MD Anderson Dysphagia inventory (MDADI) and Dysphagia handicap index (DHI) were given to patients before and after their operation. All patients underwent the same surgical technique with the cricopharyngeal bar divided and the defect closed with dissolvable sutures. Mean inpatient stay was 7 days (range 1-8) and mean time to resumption of soft diet was 4 (range 1-7) days. All patients resumed oral diet before discharge. MDADI scores showed improvement across all domains, however only the emotional score achieved statistical significance ( P = .04). Dysphagia handicap index scores showed a statistically significant improvement across functional, emotional, and total domains. Postoperative chest infection treated with oral antibiotics occurred in 3 patients (43%) and no other complications were documented. In conclusion, endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy with primary sutured endoscopic closure can result in a significant benefit to patient’s swallowing symptoms, emotional well-being, and quality of life.
Practicalities of dose management for Japanese astronauts staying at the International Space Station
Authors: Komiyama T.
Published: September 2020

Japanese astronauts started staying at the International Space Station (ISS) in 2009, with each stay lasting for approximately 6 months. In total, seven Japanese astronauts have stayed at the ISS eight times. As there is no law for protection against space radiation exposure of astronauts in Japan, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) created its own rules and has applied them successfully to radiation exposure management for Japanese ISS astronauts, collaborating with ISS international partners. Regarding dose management, JAXA has implemented several dose limits to protect against both the stochastic effects of radiation and dose-dependent tissue reactions. The scope of the rules includes limiting exposure during spaceflight, exposure during several types of training, and exposure from astronaut-specific medical examinations. We, therefore, are tasked with calculating the dose from all exposure types applied to the dose limits annually for each astronaut. Whenever a Japanese astronaut is at the ISS, we monitor readings of an instrument in real-time to confirm that the exposed dose is below the set limits, as the space radiation environment can fluctuate in relation to solar activity.
Promoting Bank Usage Habits in Africa’s Savings Mobilization Programs: A Strategic Marketing Perspective
Authors: Dadzie Charlene A. , Winston Evelyn M. , Williams Alvin J. , Dadzie Kofi Q.
Published: September 2020

Despite widespread liberalization of savings mobilization marketing systems in African economies, consumers continue to rely more heavily on informal financial services than formal financial services, within these systems. The authors draw on habit theory and the strategic marketing framework to develop a rural, customer-centric marketing (CCM) model for promoting rural savings programs in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) context. Results based on data from Ghana’s savings mobilization program show that under the current, liberalized policy regime, formal financial institutions generate a more significant relative advantage than informal financial arrangements. Of the four customer-centric marketing activities (i.e., service affordability, accessibility, acceptability, and awareness), consumers only viewed service affordability as generating a relative disadvantage. Relatedly, only service affordability positively influenced savings likelihood, while service accessibility negatively influenced the bank usage habit. The results confirm that the customer-centric marketing approach effectively identifies which service inducements promote the bank usage habit in Africa’s savings mobilization programs.
Aesthetics of Graffiti: Comparison to Text-Based and Pictorial Artforms
Authors: Chamberlain Rebecca , Mullin Caitlin , Berio Daniel , Leymarie Frederic Fol , Wagemans Johan
Published: September 2020

Graffiti art is a controversial art form, and as such there has been little empirical work assessing its aesthetic value. A recent study examined image statistical properties of text-based artwork and revealed that images of text contain less global structure relative to fine detail compared to artworks. However, previous research did not include graffiti tags or murals, which reside in the space between text and visual art. The current study investigated the image statistical properties and attractiveness of graffiti relative to other text-based and pictorial art forms, focusing additionally on the role of expertise. A series of images (N = 140; graffiti, text and paintings) were presented to a group of observers with varying degrees of art interest and expertise ( N = 169). Findings revealed that image statistics predicted attractiveness ratings to images, and that biases against graffiti art are less salient in an expert sample.
Slow-wave sleep is associated with incident hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhuang Yan , Wan Nan-sheng , Tang Xin , Zhou Wei , Si Liang , Wang Yan , Chen Bao-yuan , Cao Jie
Published: September 2020

Objective

This study aimed to examine the association between slow-wave sleep ([SWS] N3 stage) and the risk of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or primary snorers.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study of 1145 participants who were evaluated for suspected OSA at our Sleep Medical Center were included. Among these participants, 1022 had OSA and 123 were primary snorers. Logistic regression modeling was performed to evaluate the association between the prevalence of hypertension and combined OSA and SWS based on polysomnographic measurements.

Results

Patients with OSA in the lowest SWS quartile (quartile 1,  < 2.0%) showed a two-fold increased risk of hypertension after adjustment for confounding factors compared with primary snorers (odds ratio, 2.13 [95% confidence interval 1.54–2.06]). In logistic analysis stratified according to SWS quartiles, there was no significant difference in the risk of hypertension between patients with OSA and primary snorers in quartile 1. However, in the highest quartile (quartile 4), SWS was significantly associated with incident hypertension in patients with OSA rather than primary snorers.

Conclusion

SWS is associated with prevalent hypertension in patients with OSA. Notably, a low proportion of SWS confers a stronger association with incident hypertension than OSA.
Dual effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on an adolescent girl with pelvic congestion syndrome and precocious puberty: a case report
Authors: Yu Jwo-Huey , Fang Hung-Hsiang , Liu Shih-Yao , Chang Wei-Chou , Liu Chiung-Chen , Lin Chien-Ming
Published: September 2020

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) typically causes chronic non-cyclical abdominal pain with a considerable negative effect on the quality of life of women. However, pediatric cases with PCS are limited and non-invasive therapy for adolescent patients has not been reported. We report here a 13-year-old girl who presented with intermittent abdominal pain since the age of 2 years and her symptoms further deteriorated after breast development at 6 years and 9 months old. PCS and coexistent idiopathic central precocious puberty were finally diagnosed on the basis of tortuous ovarian and pelvic veins, and a pubertal response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test without hypothalamic–pituitary lesions. After treatment with the GnRH agonist, the pain score was greatly reduced and there was increased prediction of adult height. This case highlights the occurrence of PCS in adolescents and also indicates the role of non-invasive GnRH agonists in young patients with PCS before surgical intervention.
Association between incubation period and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Cai Yeyu , Liu Jiayi , Yang Haitao , Wang Mian , Guo Qingping , Huang Deng , Yu Qizhi , Xiao Enhua
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To investigate associations between the clinical characteristics and incubation periods of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China.

Methods

Complete clinical and epidemiological data from 149 patients with COVID-19 at a hospital in Hunan Province, China, were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Analysis of the distribution and receiver operator characteristic curve of incubation periods showed that 7 days was the optimal cut-off value to assess differences in disease severity between groups. Patients with shorter (≤7 days) incubation periods (n = 79) had more severe disease, longer durations of hospitalization, longer times from symptom onset to discharge, more abnormal laboratory findings, and more severe radiological findings than patients with longer (>7 days) incubation periods. Regression and correlation analyses also showed that a shorter incubation period was associated with longer times from symptom onset to discharge.

Conclusion

The associations between the incubation periods and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients suggest that the incubation period may be a useful marker of disease severity and prognosis.
Enhanced cellular functions of hepatocytes in the hyaluronate-alginate-chitosan microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Lu Juan , Li Zuhong , Zhu Danhua , Yu Xiaopeng , Li Lanjuan
Published: September 2020

The study aimed to develop a biocompatible microcapsule for hepatocytes and create a bio-mimic microenvironment for maintaining hepatic-specific functions of hepatocytes in vitro. The work is proposed for the bioartificial liver system in the treatment of liver failure. In this study, microcapsules were prepared with hyaluronate (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) as an inner core and an outer chitosan (CS) shell via one-step spraying method. C3A cells were encapsulated in microcapsules to examine the biocompatibility of HA-SA-CS microcapsules. MTT and fluorescence microscopy indicated that C3A cells had high viability in the HA-SA-CS microcapsules. The liver-specific functions, such as urea and albumin synthesis, and CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activities from encapsulated cells were increased in the HA-SA-CS microcapsules compared to the SA-CS microcapsules. The gene expressions of CYP450 related genes were also increased by HA on day 3. The study suggests that HA-SA-CS microcapsules have good biocompatibility and can maintain a favorable environment for hepatocytes. This approach has improved the preservation of liver cells’ metabolic functions and could be a candidate for the bioartificial liver system.
Physical and abrasive wear behaviour of Urena lobata fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Njoku Chioma E , Omotoyinbo Joseph A , Alaneme Kenneth K , Daramola Michael O
Published: September 2020

The influence of fiber loading and chemical treatment of Urena lobata natural fiber loading (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) on the physical, wear, and thermal stability of polypropylene-based composites was investigated. Urena lobata fibers were treated with 6 wt% NaOH solution. Both the untreated and treated Urena lobata/polypropylene composites were produced by compression molding. The physical (density and water absorption) and abrasion properties of the composites were then evaluated. Thereafter, the thermal stability of the fibers and composites were analyzed. The alkaline-treated Urena lobata fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites showed improvement in the density (1.04–1.74 g/cm3) and wear resistance (19.57–26.17 mm3) than the untreated Urena lobata fiber/polypropylene composites. However, the treated Urena lobata fiber/polypropylene composites absorbed more water than the untreated Urena lobata fiber/polypropylene composites. Then the treated fiber composites were more thermally stable than the untreated fiber composites due to enhanced fiber–matrix adhesion obtained by alkaline treatment of the fibers.
Substance Use, Risky Sex, and Peer Interactions Predict Sexual Assault Among College Women: An Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Study
Authors: Yeater Elizabeth A. , Witkiewitz Katie , Testa Maria , Bryan Angela D.
Published: September 2020

Sexual assault is an unfortunately common experience among women in college campuses. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to gain a better understanding of the contextual determinants of sexual assault among college women. EMA reports inquired about sexual assault experiences, risky sex (sex without a condom and regretted hookups), and substance use (alcohol and cannabis use), as well as what activities participants were engaged in (e.g., pregaming, drinking with peers, and drinking with a casual sexual partner), and whether they experienced peer pressure to engage in casual sex. Participants were 103 freshman undergraduate women (18–24 years old) at a Southwestern university in the United States, who were unmarried, interested in dating opposite-sex partners, engaged in binge drinking (defined as having 3 or more drinks on one occasion) in the past month, and reported at least one experience of sexual intercourse in their lifetime. Participants completed reports (one random and two time-contingent) via EMA three times a day over a 42-day period. Compliance in completing EMA reports was good (84.2% of prompted reports were completed), and time-to-completion of reports once signaled was acceptable (mean = 26 minutes, median = 5.75 minutes). During the 42 days, 40 women (38.8%) reported 75 occasions of sexual assault. The odds of experiencing sexual assault were significantly greater during occasions of regretted hookups and unprotected sex. Additionally, drinking with peers and peer pressure to engage in casual sex were each associated significantly with occasions of sexual assault. Reducing risk for sexual assault among undergraduate women may be possible by targeting these behaviors and contextual features in near real-time via momentary intervention.
Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model of Callous—Unemotional Traits and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Fang Jie , Wang Wei , Gao Ling , Yang Jiping , Wang Xingchao , Wang Pengcheng , Wen Zhonglin
Published: September 2020

Although childhood maltreatment has been shown to play an important role in adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study investigated the mediating role of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, as well as the moderating role of perceived social support. A total of 2,407 Chinese adolescents (aged 11–16 years, Mage = 12.75 years, SD = 0.58) completed the measures of childhood maltreatment, CU traits, cyberbullying perpetration, and perceived social support. The results showed that CU traits partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, perceived social support moderated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and CU traits, as well as CU traits and cyberbullying perpetration. Specifically, childhood maltreatment had a greater impact on CU traits for adolescents with higher levels of perceived social support and the predictive function of CU traits on cyberbullying perpetration was stronger for adolescents with low levels of perceived social support.