bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the enthalpy of dissolution of ionic and polar substances in water
Authors: Ashna Ehsanullah
Published: November 2024

Since water is a polar molecule with a bent structure, it dissolves many ionic and polar substances. Ionic solids are mostly soluble in water and water is the most common solvent of known ionic compounds. In an ionic solid, ions with opposite charges are held together through electrostatic attraction. The solubility of a substance in a solvent at a certain temperature is the maximum amount of that substance that dissolves in a certain volume of that solvent. As a result of the dissolution of one substance in another substance, three steps occur: separation of dissolved particles, separation of solvent particles, and mixing of solute particles and solvent particles. The first and second stages are endothermic due to the separation of the molecules of the solute substance and the solvent from each other, and the third stage is exothermic due to the merging of the molecules of the solute substance and the solvent. The enthalpy of dissolution of one mole of solute in a large amount of solvent is called the enthalpy of dissolution of the same substance. The dissolution process is associated with energy exchange, which is obtained by using the enthalpies of the solute substance, solvent, and hydration enthalpy in the form of enthalpy of solution. The enthalpy of the solution is also determined using the Brunhaber cycle. If the set of mentioned steps gives numbers with a positive sign, the process is endothermic and if the numbers with a negative sign are obtained, the process is exothermic. Scientists use this property of dissolution of materials to produce heat-generating and cold-generating packages, which are used for different purposes. The methods used in collecting information to achieve the desired goal are of the library type and quantitative and qualitative methods are also used.
Biochemically silent normotensive colossal pheochromocytoma
Authors: I. Saravana Kumar , Mehta Ketan D.
Published: November 2024

A case presentation about rare giant pheochromocytoma of about a 50 year old female patient came to our out-patient department of general surgery with epigastric and right flank discomfort for past 1 day, abdominal distension and constipation for past 6 months. Patient’s blood pressure was normal without any postural variations and with no features of androgenic excess. All routine investigations were normal. Biochemical profile of urinary [VMA, metanephrine and normetanephrine], serum [cortisol, metanephrine, normetanephrine], serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity are measured normal. Contrast enhanced CT abdomen done suggestive of large well defined heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue lesion of size 21×22×28 cm noted involving abdominal cavity more on right side arising from right lumbar region was identified. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and identified that mass was arising from right adrenal gland and right kidney which was difficult to be dissected from the mass, for which right nephrectomy was also done along with mass removal of size 28×28×20 cm and weight of 4200 gm. Postoperative period was uneventful. Histopathological examination showed gross feature of single large encapsulated globular structure with right kidney attached to it. Mass was encapsulated with total size of 24×25×14 cm, greyish in colour and soft to firm in consistency. On cut section focal areas of greyish yellow friable tissue with few small cystic areas, large hemorrhagic area and focal greyish white areas was seen. Microscopic feature of these tumor cells was arranged in well defined nests (zellballen) bound by highly vascularized stroma. Cells were polygonal shaped with finely granular amphophilic cytoplasam, round to oval nuclei with salt and pepper chromatin and at places prominent nucleoli were seen. Special staining with PAS done and it was negative.
Exercise protocols for improving functional outcomes in hip fractures
Authors: Aborukbah Abdullah F. , Alfaleh Taif A. , Alenazi Haya M. , Alsulami Asrar K. , Alshahrani Abdullah A. , Aloraifi Mohammad A. , Alanazi Khaled M.
Published: November 2024

Hip fractures, particularly among the elderly, are a growing public health concern due to their association with significant morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. Effective rehabilitation is essential for restoring mobility, independence, and quality of life in affected individuals. Exercise-based interventions, focusing on early mobilization, strength training, and balance exercises, have been shown to significantly improve functional outcomes in patients recovering from hip fractures. Early mobilization, initiated within 24 to 48 hours post-surgery, reduces the risk of complications associated with immobility, such as muscle atrophy and deep vein thrombosis. Encouraging weight-bearing activities early in the recovery process accelerates the restoration of mobility and functional independence. Strengthening exercises, particularly those targeting the lower extremities, play a crucial role in rebuilding muscle mass and enhancing stability, which is critical for preventing recurrent falls. Balance exercises complement strengthening efforts by improving postural control and reducing the fear of falling, which is common in elderly patients. Long-term adherence to these exercise protocols is vital for sustaining functional improvements and preventing further decline. The long-term outcomes of these interventions extend beyond physical benefits, contributing to improved psychological well-being by promoting confidence and reducing anxiety associated with functional limitations. Tailoring rehabilitation programs to individual needs, ensuring sustained participation, and addressing barriers to adherence, such as lack of access to resources, are crucial for maximizing recovery. These evidence-based strategies offer a comprehensive approach to improving recovery and reducing the long-term burden of hip fractures on individuals and healthcare systems. The integration of structured, progressive exercise regimens, supported by multidisciplinary teams, is key to optimizing both short- and long-term functional outcomes following hip fractures.
A comprehensive study of fingertip injuries at a tertiary care centre- fingertip injury outcome score subset pilot
Authors: M. Soujanya , Rajput Darshansingh
Published: November 2024

Background: Fingertip injury outcome score (FIOS) is a specialized tool designed to assess functional and aesthetic outcomes after treatment of fingertip injuries. It helps both clinicians and researchers evaluate the effectiveness of treatment strategies and monitor patient recovery. This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a customized FIOS tool using retrospective fingertip injuries data from the hospital, before broader implementation
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 58 hand injury patient’s data admitted in hospital with fingertip injuries having tissue loss, between January 2023 and February 2024. A customized FIOS tool, focusing on specific aspects such as complications, aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, ability to perform daily tasks and pain, was applied to the collected data. Data analyzed to evaluate how well the FIOS outcome score reflected patient outcomes and clinical findings.
Results: The customized FIOS effectively captured key aspects of fingertip injury outcomes, including pain levels, functional recovery.  7% had poor outcome score and 80% of those with poor outcomes suffered injuries from the heavy instruments with complications like revision surgery. 22% of the patients had excellent outcome scores, 53.4% had good aesthetic outcome score.
Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that using a customized FIOS tool with retrospective data is a viable approach for evaluating fingertip injury outcomes. The findings suggest that the FIOS subset can provide valuable insights into functional and aesthetic recovery. This approach facilitates seamless data capture, minimize duplicated efforts, and reduce errors and discrepancies.
Assessment of relationship between craniocervical morphology, posture and sagittal skeletal discrepancies among Indian population – A cephalometric study
Authors: Joy Joseph , Malkarnekar Tanvi , Kallampilly Gopinath , Powar Suryakant Narsing , Ghonmode Sumeet Wasudeorao
Published: November 2024

: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sagittal skeletal discrepancies and craniocervical posture in Indian population.

The anthropological literature has shown a great deal of interest in the issue of whether head morphology and posture are related. Given the correlation between the morphology and dimensions of the upper cervical spine and the variations in craniofacial morphology observed among individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds, it is plausible that there exist variations in upper spine morphology among different ethnic groups. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sagittal skeletal discrepancies and craniocervical posture in Indian population.

: Lateral cephalograms of 98 subjects of Indian origin were taken in Natural Head Position(NHP). Cephalometric analysis was performed to determine the growth pattern, sagittal position of maxilla and mandible with respect to cranial base, maxillomandibular relationship and craniocervical angles. The craniocervical angles used in this study were NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NL/OPT NL/CVT. These variables were then correlated.

: A positive association was observed between the NSL/OPT- Y-Axis, NSL/OPT-FMPA. However, this relationship was not statistically significant(p>0.05). A positive association was observed between NSL/CVT- Y-Axis, NSL/CVT-FMPA which was statistically significant (p>0.05).

The postural variables were slightly higher than those previously reported in European population. More upright craniocervical posture was associated with Class II maxillomandibular relation. As the craniocervical angles reduced, the maxillary and mandibular prognathism increased. Cervical spine flexion was seen to be associated with horizontal growers and more erect spine was seen in vertical growers.
Time matters! A simple early approach to avoid complex massive surgery – A case report
Authors: Younus A Abrar , Ahmed Nausheer , R Bhatt K Ranjan , Chethana  , Rahul NA , Aymen Uroosa
Published: November 2024

Skeletal Class III malocclusion has always been in discussion for its complex nature, which can be caused by Deficient maxilla and/ or Procumbent of mandibular basal bone or combination of both. With regard to the ideal timing of the treatment, research has shown that early intervention may be most successful as it utilises the growth status of the patient and if avoided necessitates additional surgical procedures at later period. As surgery is only performed later on, obtaining treatment early, helps to prevent the patient's social life from being negatively impacted by the facial disfigurement. This case study details the management of a 16-year-old girl who had maxillary retrusion and mesio-occlusion. Treatment was with pre-adjusted edgewise mechanics with slow maxillary expansion with a Ni-Ti expander and protraction facemask.
Czarna biżuteria w Polsce. W kręgu kulturowych znaków Europy
Authors: Letkiewicz Ewa
Published: November 2024

„Czarna biżuteria” w kulturze polskiej to szczególna odmiana biżuterii patriotycznej. Jej geneza ma związek z żałobną czernią przywdzianą przez mieszkańców ziem polskich po serii tragicznie zakończonych manifestacji patriotycznych z lutego 1861 roku. Kończy się odwołaniem „żałoby narodowej” w listopadzie 1863 roku. Anonimowi twórcy tej biżuterii korzystali ze znaków i symboli funkcjonujących w kulturze Europy, ale stworzyli niepowtarzalną ikonografię nawiązującą do eschatologii i wydarzeń z historii walk z zaborcami.
Edycje relacji Jana Goryńskiego (XVI wiek) z Ziemi Świętej
Authors: Lenczewski Olgierd
Published: November 2024

W niniejszym artykule omówiono rękopis peregrynacji do Ziemi Świętej autorstwa mazowieckiego szlachcica Jana Goryńskiego i jego dwa wydania (1914, 1966). Zauważono, że edycje te w wielu miejscach nie pokrywają się z manuskryptem. Dotychczas badacze nie wychwycili tych rozbieżności, gdyż sięgali wyłącznie do drukowanych wersji utworu. Nie interesowało ich też gruntowne przebadanie relacji, w celu określenia problematycznych zagadnień zawartych w deskrypcji. Do tej pory jedyną cenną pracą na temat dzieła Goryńskiego, która wnosi wiele nowych ustaleń, jest artykuł Mariana Chachaja (2004).
Therapeutic Community Treatment Modality Program Implemented in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges: A Mechanism for Social Re-Integration
Authors: A. OLIVA JR. DR. AMADO
Published: November 2024

The study evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of the Therapeutic Community Treatment Modality Program (TCTMP) in Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges (CSPC) as one of the community-based treatment extension services of the college in partnership with the Probation and Parole Office Administration (PPOA), Iriga City. The 28 Twenty-eight parolee respondents voluntarily answered unstructured questionnaire, on-on-one interviews, document analysis, and focus group discussions. Results revealed the28 participants are the primary subjects involved in the crime, with a probation period ranging from 3 to 4 years. The study found that CSPC provided various activities for participants' social reintegration, affecting their behavioral, emotional, intellectual, and survival aspects. Participants agreed that TCTMP significantly improved their lives, with pre-contemplation and contemplation being the only constraints. Value formation and skills training were deemed potent tools for social reintegration.
Índice de Riesgo de Impacto Especie-específico (IRIEE) de las Aves en Aeropuertos de Colombia
Authors: Durán Márquez Holman Enrique
Published: November 2024

La mayoría de los impactos entre aeronaves y fauna ocurre con aves, pero no todas las aves son iguales, por eso algunas especies son más propensas que otras a involucrarse en impactos; por lo tanto, es necesario identificar el nivel de riesgo inherente que representa cada especie de ave, es decir: el riesgo especie-específico. Para esto se propone el índice de riesgo de impacto especie-específico (IRIEE), como una herramienta cuantitativa y estandarizada; esta consta de una multi-matriz de ocho variables, con tres estados de variable cada una, también se sugiere un método preexistente para obtener el peso relativo o aporte de cada variable al riesgo total, y se discuten las virtudes y limitaciones de cada variable, así como del método en general. El IRIEE pretende ser una herramienta de evaluación objetiva y práctica para la implementación regular a la mayoría de aeropuertos de Colombia al diseñarse como un método de fácil interpretación y diligenciamiento que solo requiere información asequible desde las observaciones en campo.
Molecular Confirmation of Moraxella Bovis Associated Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Ruminants
Authors: Kalaiselvi G. , Balakrishnan G. , Raman A. , Jayanthi N. , Ramya R. , Soundararajan C.
Published: November 2024

Background: Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is a significant problem causing a greater level of economic losses in production animals. The affected animals show progressive cloudiness of eye, severe congestion of ocular mucous membrane with inflammation of cornea, ocular discharges vary from serous to purulent and causes temporary or permanent blindness in affected animals. Methods: A total number of 238 conjunctival swabs were collected from the suspected cases (93 sheep, 98 goats and 47 cattle) of different age groups in both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals during the period of 2021-2023 (both winter and summer season in livestock farms of Tamil Nadu, SBRS –Ooty, PGRIS-Katuakkam, Tirvananamalai, Sheep Research Station-Potaneri, Tiruvallur district). The samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. The bacterial organism isolated from the swabs were characterized by cultural, biochemical and molecular tests. Result: The Moraxella species was successfully isolated from 9 animals (N=5 in cattle and N=4 in sheep). In addition to this Staphylococcus and Klebsiella, (N=34), Streptococcus (N=10), Pseudomonas (N=8) and concurrent infection of Tricophyton verrocosum, Aspergillus. The genomic DNA was extracted from positive culture of morexalla and PCR amplification was performed with specific primers. The amplified PCR product were subjected to partial gene sequencing which showed 99% homology with other, Morexalla bovis isolates. Antimicrobial sensitivity test of the isolates revealed that Moraxella was sensitive towards Chloramphenicol (100%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicin (100%), Tylosin (100%) and sensitive to Oxytetracycline (80%), Endrofloxacin (80%), Gatifloxacin (80%) and Metronidazole (70%). All tested isolates were resistant to Norfloxacin, Vancomycin, Ampicillin /Sulbactam, Methicillin and Sulphadiazine.
Effect of Sprouted Barley on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Utilization, Blood Markers and Economic Efficiency in Lambs
Authors: Alharthi Abdulrahman Salem , Al-Baadani Hani Hasan , Soufan Walid , Abdelrahman Mutassim Mohamed , Alhidary Ibrahim Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding sprouted barley in the diet of lambs on growth performance, digestibility, nitrogen utilization, hematological and biochemical blood parameters and economic evaluation over 75 days. Methods: Thirty-six healthy 3-month-old Awassi lambs were used in this experiment. All lambs were individually divided into four dietary treatments with nine lambs each (T1 to T4: lambs receiving 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% sprouted barley as a replacement for the traditional diet, respectively). The growth performance, dry matter intake and dry matter excretion were assessed. The digestibility of the ingested dry matter and nitrogen, nitrogen balance, blood health markers, hematological and blood biochemical and economic evaluation were estimated. Result: Lambs fed T3 had a lower body weight on day 75 than those fed the other dietary treatments, with weight gain also being reduced for those fed sprouted barley during both the 45-75 and 1-75 day period. Feed intake generally increases with the sprouting of barley, resulting in a higher feed-to-gain ratio. White blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration reduced in lambs receiving T3 and T4. Total protein, globulin, triglyceride and glucose levels decreased in lambs receiving T3 and T4, whereas total cholesterol and HDL increased. Urea and ALT levels were lower in lambs fed sprouted barley. Sprouted barley had the highest dry matter content and nitrogen digestibility. Economic evaluations, including the profit rate, relative economic efficiency and investment rate, were higher. Overall, this experiment suggests that sprouting barley at 25% (T2) had no negative effect on the hematological and blood biochemical parameters of lambs, whereas economic evaluation indicators were higher at T2. The inclusion of sprouted barley resulted in the highest nitrogen balance and digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. However, its effects on growth performance require further investigation.
Impact of Boswellia serrata Supplementation on Cytokines Profile, Antioxidant Status and NF-KB Expression in the Spleen and Thymus of Rats
Authors: Alahmari Abeer , Al-Doaiss Amin A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Boswellia serrata (BS) is one of the medicinal plants that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate BS resin effect on cytokine levels, antioxidant status and NF-κB expression in the spleen and thymus of rats in a dose-dependent manner. Methods: Twenty male rats were divided equally into four groups. The 1st group was served as a control, while the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were treated orally with gradual doses of BS (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). After 30 days, all rats were sacrificed and their serum, spleen and thymus were collected for estimating the cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels and for the analysis of antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity). NF-κB expression and histopathological examination of the spleen and thymus were also studied. Result: Our results showed the IL-6 level significantly increased in response to all dosages of the BS. While the high dose of BS (H-BS) led to a significant increase in IL-1β level, histopathological alterations in the spleen and thymus and intense expression of NF-κB in the red pulp of the spleen. We also noticed that the H-BS led to a highly increase in the levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capacity compared to control. Our results provide evidence that the intake of BS in specified dosages can boost the immune system and may have advantageous health effects on cellular redox homeostasis due to its rich content of sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids.
Stick your wellies on: messy development and co-design processes with England’s new Environmental Land Management (ELM) policy
Authors:   University of Oxford, Dodsworth Jennifer , Lasko Rachel ,   University of Oxford, Little Ruth ,   University of Sheffield
Published: November 2024

Following the UK’s departure from the European Union, new Agricultural and Environmental Acts were passed providing legal frameworks for new policy actions in these areas. This chapter focuses specifically on the ongoing development of England’s new Environmental Land Management (ELM) schemes. The schemes are being ‘co-designed’ by the British Government with agricultural stakeholders and are central to England’s agricultural transition to sustainable farming. By drawing together academic literature, policy updates and research with farmers in the Sustainable Farming Incentive (SFI) National Pilot, this chapter considers the potential implications of these ongoing and far-reaching changes for farmers, rural communities, and the countryside, and casts a critical eye on the co-design process through the specific example of the SFI National Pilot. Alongside highlighting some key wins in the co-design process, the illustrate that England has adopted a messy, ad hoc approach to scheme development.
Le stress thermique environnemental dans l’espèce bovine : 1. Caractéristiques générales et méthodes d’évaluation
Authors: Hanzen Christian , Delhez Pauline , Knapp Emilie , Hornick Jean-Luc , Gherissi Djalel Eddine
Published: November 2024

Contexte : La température moyenne à la surface du globe ne cesse d’augmenter. Elle entraîne notamment une augmentation de la fréquence des vagues de chaleur c’est-à-dire de périodes d’une durée de 3 à 6 jours durant lesquelles la température de l’air est supérieure à la température moyenne de la zone géographique concernée. Cette situation s’accompagne de multiples conséquences pour les populations humaines, végétales et animales. Objectif : Cette revue de littérature a pour objectif de récapituler les concepts fondamentaux régissant la régulation thermique chez les bovins. Méthode : Une recherche bibliographique a été réalisée dans PubMed. Elle s’est concentrée dans un premier temps sur les articles de synthèse puis a été complétée par les références des articles identifiés. Résultats : La régulation thermique implique une série de processus tels que la radiation, la convection, la conduction et l’évaporation. Ces processus vont, en fonction des caractéristiques de l’animal et de son environnement, contribuer à réduire ou à augmenter les effets du stress thermique. Le stress thermique se définit comme l’état de déséquilibre entre, d’une part, les facteurs qui contribuent à augmenter la température corporelle et d’autre part, ceux qui au contraire, contribuent à la diminuer. Cette situation de stress thermique se rencontre quand l’animal se trouve en-dehors de sa zone dite de neutralité thermique définie par des températures minimale et maximale critiques dont les valeurs dépendent de l’âge, la race, le niveau de production, l’état corporel, le stade de lactation, les bâtiments d’élevage, la couleur du poil et de la peau. Les effets de la température extérieure dépendent du degré d’humidité de l’environnement. Ils peuvent être évalués au moyen de divers index THI (Temperature Humidity Index). De plus en plus, des technologies émergent (imagerie en profondeur, thermographie par infrarouge, vidéosurveillance, accéléromètres, podomètres) et permettent de suivre les données météorologiques, l’environnement thermique des animaux, voire de détecter leurs signes de stress. Conclusions : Il est essentiel de sensibiliser les responsables de la santé animale aux effets du stress thermique sur la capacité des animaux à réguler leur température corporelle. Cette capacité peut être évaluée de manière toujours plus précise grâce à des index et des technologies qui permettent de mesurer et de comprendre les effets du stress thermique sur les animaux.
Tecnologia e Sociedade
Authors: Santos Dr. Gildenir Carolino
Published: November 2024

A Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação (RDBCI) completa 22 anos em 2024, consolidando-se como um veículo de referência para a comunidade acadêmica e profissional da área. O volume 22 demonstra a vitalidade da RDBCI e sua capacidade de adaptação ao cenário em constante mudança da Ciência da Informação. Com o propósito de intensificar a abertura e a democratização do conhecimento, a revista se propõe a integrar a Ciência Aberta em 2025. O objetivo é ampliar o impacto e a visibilidade dos trabalhos publicados, promovendo a acessibilidade, a reutilização e a colaboração, em linha com os princípios da Ciência Aberta. O volume 22 se destaca pela riqueza de informações, reflexões e análises sobre o papel da Ciência da Informação na sociedade contemporânea. A RDBCI reafirma seu compromisso com o desenvolvimento da área, oferecendo um espaço privilegiado para a produção, divulgação e compartilhamento do conhecimento, contribuindo para a construção de um futuro mais justo e equitativo, onde a informação seja acessível a todos.
Apresentação: Perspectivas apocalípticas e anti-apocalípticas para habitar o presente
Authors: Jardim Fabiana Augusta Alves , Pelegrini Mauricio Aparecido , Côrtes Mariana Magalhães Pinto
Published: November 2024

Ainda que tais inscrições sejam sempre um tanto arbitrárias, seria possível marcar o início do diálogo que nos trouxe até o presente dossiê naqueles primeiros meses da crise sanitária provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, uma situação de pandemia inédita na experiência recente.
Inflammation and Microbial Translocation Correlate with Reduced MAIT Cells in People with HIV
Authors: Ryu Angela , Clagett Brian , Freeman Mike
Published: November 2024

Background: Optimal control of microbial infections requires mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. People living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be divided into 2 groups: immune responders (IR) who recover or retain CD4 T cell numbers, and immune non-responders (INR) who do not. Compared to IR, INR have fewer MAIT cells and increased systemic inflammation and microbial translocation, but how these factors affect MAIT cells is unknown.
Methods: MAIT cells from IR, INR, and from controls without HIV were enumerated and characterized by flow cytometry. To determine the links among MAIT cells, inflammation, and microbial translocation, the correlations of MAIT cell numbers to previously published soluble inflammatory markers and plasma microbial genetic sequences were assessed by Spearman analysis. In vitro assays were used to support our findings. 
Results: MAIT cell numbers were significantly negatively correlated with levels of IL-6 and IP-10 (markers of inflammation); CD14, LPS, and FABP2 (markers of microbial translocation); and with abundance of Serratia and other Proteobacteria genetic sequences in plasma. In a separate analysis of PWH on ART receiving the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab (TCZ), we found that blocking IL-6 signaling with TCZ increased IL-7 receptor expression on MAIT cells and reduced plasma IL-7 levels, consistent with improved uptake of IL-7 in vivo. 
Conclusions: Our findings suggest inflammation and microbial translocation in PWH on ART lead to a loss of MAIT cells via impaired IL-7 responsiveness, resulting in further increased microbial translocation and inflammation.
Prednosti, ovire, priložnosti in nevarnosti staranja v domačem okolju ter vloga sodobne tehnologije v tem procesu
Authors: Babnik Katarina , Lahe Danijela
Published: November 2024

Staranje v domačem okolju je sodobna rešitev razvitih držav za spoprijemanje s starajočim se prebivalstvom. Sistematični pregled literature je vodil cilj identificirati prednosti, ovire, nevarnosti in priložnosti (SWOT) staranja v domačem okolju. V sklopu tega cilja naju je zanimala tudi vloga sodobne tehnologije pri staranju v domačem okolju oz. položaj, ki ga ima v evalvacijski shemi SWOT analize sodobna tehnologija. Pregled literature je bil izveden po PRISMA protokolu (EBSCOhost, znanstveni članki, objavljeni med 2011 in 2021) po modelu SWOT analize in z uporabo tematske analize kot tehnike sintetiziranja virov. S pregledom literature so bile posamezne kode združene v osnovne teme ter razvrščene v apriorno določene elemente SWOT analize oz. organizirane teme: prednosti (navezanost na dom, dom kot vir, identiteta, duševno zdravje, učinkovite strategije spoprijemanja s spremembami), ovire (individualni korelati, ranljive skupine, za posameznika specifična interakcija z okoljem, neučinkovite strategije spoprijemanja s spremembami), priložnosti (institucionalna opora bivanju v domačem okolju, specifične intervencije za starejše, specifične intervencije v okolju bivanja, sodobne tehnologije), nevarnosti (pomanjkljiva infrastruktura, družbeno kulturni kontekst, omejitve sodobne tehnologije). Izidi staranja v domačem okolju so odvisni od individualnih, mikro in makro okoljskih dejavnikov ter specifične interakcije osebe z okoljem; sodobna tehnologija pa ima pri tem lahko podporno vlogo, vendar le kot orodje, ki samo po sebi ne zadošča, saj ne naslavlja vseh psihosocialnih in praktičnih potreb starejših. Izključno usmerjanje na implementacijo podpornih tehnologij lahko predstavlja nevarnost staranju v domačem okolju še posebno za ranljive skupine.
Spremembe v spanju in nespečnost v pozni odraslosti
Authors: Štukovnik Vita , Kozole Smid Annemarie Kim , Ficjan Monika , Horvat Marina
Published: November 2024

Staranje prinaša številne spremembe v spanju. Te so lahko posledica bioloških, farmakoloških, psihosocialnih ali okoljskih dejavnikov in lahko pri starejših povečajo tveganje za razvoj težav s spanjem in pojav motenj spanja. Najpogostejša motnja spanja v pozni odraslosti je nespečnost, katere simptome doživlja več kot polovica vseh posameznikov v tem starostnem obdobju. Nezdravljena nespečnost znatno poveča tveganje za različne duševne in telesne bolezni, znižuje pa tudi celokupno kakovost življenja obolelih posameznikov. Kljub temu nespečnost kot motnja spanja v pozni odraslosti še vedno v večini primerov ostaja neprepoznana in nezdravljena. Pogost razlog za to je tudi splošno prepričanje, da so motnje spanja normativen del procesa staranja. Zaradi strmega naraščanja deleža starejših v populaciji pomembno narašča tudi število pacientov z nespečnostjo. Poglobljeno razumevanje narave, posledic, konceptualizacije in možnosti zdravljenja nespečnosti pri starejših je zatorej nujno potrebno. Namen pričujočega narativnega preglednega članka je raziskati in opredeliti značilne spremembe v spanju v obdobju pozne odraslosti, jih razmejiti od nespečnosti kot klinične motnje spanja ter proučiti ključne značilnosti, mehanizme nastanka, komorbidnosti, posledice in možnosti nefarmakološkega zdravljenja te široko razširjene motnje spanja. Na podlagi pregleda novejših znanstvenih izsledkov s področja geriatričnih motenj spanja zaključujemo, da je terapija prvega izbora za zdravljenje kronične nespečnosti tudi v pozni odraslosti kognitivno-vedenjska terapija za nespečnost, ki s svojimi ugodnimi in dolgoročnimi učinki predstavlja ključen del varne in učinkovite obravnave starostnika. Pomemben izziv za prihodnost je povečati ozaveščenost o prisotnosti motenj spanja v pozni odraslosti, si prizadevati za njihovo ustrezno prepoznavanje ter razširiti uporabo z znanstvenimi dokazi podprtih nefarmakoloških ukrepov v klinični praksi.
Spremembe v osamljenosti in duševnem zdravju starejših odraslih v času pandemije COVID-19 v primerjavi s predpandemičnim obdobjem, ter vloga uporabe novih tehnologij
Authors: Zadravec Šedivy Nuša , Krohne Nina , Capelli Marta , De Leo Diego , Poštuvan Vita
Published: November 2024

Osamljenost je pomemben družbeni problem, ki vpliva na kakovost življenja starejšega prebivalstva. Prav tako je eden izmed najpomembnejših psiholoških dejavnikov tveganja za samomor, ter eden izmed ključnih konceptov, povezanih s pandemijo COVID-19. Namen raziskave je bil preučiti vpliv preventivnih ukrepov med pandemijo COVID-19 na osamljenost in duševno zdravje pri starejših odraslih ter vlogo uporabe novih tehnologij v tem obdobju. Študija je vključila 221 starejših odraslih starih od 65 do 98 let (M = 71,94; SD = 6,70), od katerih je bilo 55,2% žensk. Od 221 vključenih je 144 udeležencev sodelovalo v zbiranju podatkov pred pandemijo COVID-19 ter ponovno med pandemijo, 77 udeležencev pa je sodelovalo zgolj v zbiranju podatkov med pandemijo COVID-19. Sklop vprašalnikov se je nanašal na področja osamljenosti, psihičnega blagostanja, depresije, anksioznosti in stresa, tveganja za samomor, uporabe pametnih telefonov in uporabe spletnih socialnih omrežij. Rezultati kažejo, da so udeleženci med pandemijo doživljali več čustvene osamljenosti ter splošnega občutka osamljenosti kot pred pandemijo, socialna osamljenost pa se v povprečju ni spremenila. Med pandemijo je bilo pri udeležencih prisotno tudi višje tveganje za samomor kot pred pandemijo. Identificirali smo tudi nekaj razlik v spremembah osamljenosti in kazalnikov duševnega zdravja med pandemijo, v primerjavi z obdobjem pred pandemijo glede na spol, starost, okolje bivanja in velikost gospodinjstva. Glede uporabe novih tehnologij, kot je uporaba pametnega telefona in spletnih socialnih omrežij, raziskava izpostavlja negativne učinke, ki jih lahko ima prekomerna raba tehnologij na občutke osamljenosti in duševno zdravje. Raziskava naslovi vprašanje o načinih uporabe novih tehnologij kot orodij pri preventivi na področju duševnega zdravja in izpostavi potrebo po razvoju specifičnih intervencij za obravnavo osamljenosti.
Knowledge attitude and practice among dentists in Dakshina Kannada, India regarding ethical concerns in extraction of wrong tooth
Authors: Purushothaman Athira , Naik Poonam R
Published: November 2024

Background: Truth-telling and autonomy go hand in hand. As a result, it is a breach of the patients' rights to autonomy when medical errors are not disclosed to them. The aim of this study is to describe knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding ethical considerations among dentists following extraction of the wrong tooth.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists in Dakshina Kannada, India, who have had a minimum experience of 50 extractions in their practice. A validated scenario-based questionnaire was used to collect data and circulated via Google forms forwarded through email or an instant messaging application.

Results: A total of 116 dentists responded to the survey. The majority (83, 71.6%) agreed that extraction of the wrong tooth though unintentional is considered as maleficence or negligence in dental practice. More than 70% participants (85) believed that the patient had the right to be informed about the mishap and deserved compensation for the same, while 38.8% participants agreed that dentists are less likely to be complained against if they disclosed the mishap verbally. Six responses to open ended questions reported that extraction of the wrong tooth had occurred to their knowledge.

Conclusion: The majority of responses in our study appear to indicate that participants embrace the ideals of justice, autonomy, and non-maleficence. This study may have influenced the participants' attitudes regarding ethical issues related to incorrect tooth extraction and other iatrogenic errors they may encounter in their own or in a colleague's practice.
Constructing Physics From Measurements
Authors: Harvey-Tremblay Alexandre
Published: November 2024

We present a reformulation of fundamental physics from an enumeration of axiomatic primitives to the solution of an entropy optimization problem. By maximizing the Shannon entropy of all possible measurements relative to a system's initial state, we find that physics itself emerges as the least biased description consistent with what can be measured. Remarkably, the solution automatically yields a complete unified theory, naturally incorporating quantum mechanics, general relativity (via a double-copy mechanism applied to the Dirac current), and the Standard Model gauge symmetries (SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)) without additional assumptions. Mathematical consistency requirements further restrict valid solutions to 3+1 dimensions, potentially explaining the observed dimensionality of spacetime. This reformulation provides a parsimonious foundation where previously independent phenomena arise as different aspects of a single solution.
DIKWP-TRIZ: A Revolution on Traditional TRIZ towards Invention for Artificial Consciousness
Authors: Wu Kunguang , Duan Yucong
Published: November 2024

We propose the DIKWP-TRIZ framework, an innovative extension of the traditional Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) designed to address the complexities of cognitive processes and artificial consciousness. By integrating the elements of Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom, and Purpose (DIKWP) into the TRIZ methodology, the proposed framework emphasizes a value-oriented approach to innovation, enhancing the ability to tackle problems characterized by incompleteness, inconsistency, and imprecision. Through a systematic mapping of TRIZ principles to DIKWP transformations, we identify potential overlaps and redundancies, providing a refined set of guidelines that optimize the application of TRIZ principles in complex scenarios. The study further demonstrates the framework’s capacity to support advanced decision-making and cognitive processes, paving the way for the development of AI systems capable of sophisticated, human-like reasoning. Future research will focus on comparing the implementation paths of DIKWP-TRIZ and traditional TRIZ, analyzing the complexities inherent in DIKWP-TRIZ-based innovation, and exploring its potential in constructing artificial consciousness systems.
Forecasting Saudi Arabia’s Refined Petroleum Products: An In-depth Analysis of Time Series vs Machine Learning Models
Authors: Rehman Dawood , Albalawi Olayan , Ahmad Farooq
Published: November 2024

This study uses time series and machine learning techniques to forecast Saudi Arabia’s refined petroleum output; a significant player in the global energy market. Using data from 1962 to 2022 acquired from the Ministry of Energy, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the study evaluates the forecasting performance of different models such as Facebook Prophet, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gaussian Process (GP), and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model(ARIMA) based on metrics including Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), relative absolute error (RAE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and training time. The study results demonstrate that traditional time series models like ARIMA consistently exhibit superior prediction accuracy, whereas machine learning models like LSTM and GP offer more flexibility but need more data. Conversely, Prophet Model performs poorly as it often overlooks complex patterns within the data. The finding of this research work highlights the need for appropriate methodology use and careful model selection in predictive modeling initiatives to provide decision-makers with relevant information in the energy business. Future research may look into ways to use ensemble modeling techniques and other exogenous factors to increase the accuracy of forecasts for petroleum production.
The Correlation Between Fibrosis-5 Index (Fib-5) and Fibrosis-4 Index (Fib-4) with the Duration of Heart Failure
Authors: Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad
Published: November 2024

Aim: This study aimed to explore the correlation between the FIB-5 and FIB-4 indices, which assess liver fibrosis, and the grouped duration of heart failure (HF) in a cohort of subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2020. Methods: The study included 468 participants categorized into three groups based on HF duration: Group 1 (≤1 year, n=91), Group 2 (1-5 years, n=87), and Group 3 (>5 years, n=290). Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses to assess relationships between FIB-5, FIB-4, and HF duration. Clinical variables such as age, BMI, ALT, AST, albumin, and platelet count were also considered.Results: The analysis revealed significant correlation between FIB-5 with age (Pearson correlation (r) = -0.29, p<0.0001) but not for HF duration across groups (Spearman correlation (ρ) = -0.010, p=0.8217). The FIB-4 index did not show significant associations with the HF duration group (p=0.6326). The regression analysis also showed no significant predictive relationship between FIB-5 or FIB-4 and the duration of heart failure, further supporting the lack of association between fibrosis indices and HF duration in this cohort.Conclusion: The study found no significant correlation between the FIB-5 and FIB-4 indices and the duration of heart failure in this cohort. These findings suggest that while these fibrosis scores are useful in liver assessment, they may not directly reflect the duration of heart failure in this population. Further studies are needed to explore other potential biomarkers for HF duration.
Common Biases, Difficulties, and Errors in Clinical Reasoning in Veterinary Medical Encounters with a Case Example
Authors: Petrovski Kiro , Kirkwood Roy Neville
Published: November 2024

Clinical reasoning is an essential competence of veterinary graduands. Unfortunately, clinical reasoning and, therefore, the quality of provided veterinary medical services, are prone to bias, difficulties, and errors. Literature on biases, difficulties, and errors in clinical reasoning in veterinary medical education is scarce or focused on theoretical rather than practical application. In this review, we address the practicality of learning and teaching biases, difficulties, and errors in clinical reasoning to veterinary learners utilizing a practical example of a cow with a prolapsed uterus, complicated by hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. Learners should be guided through all of the stages of clinical reasoning as much as possible under direct supervision. The common clinical biases, difficulties, or errors in veterinary medical encounters may differ between stages of development of the learner, with more difficulties occurring in earlier stages (Observer, Reporter, ± Interpreter) but more heuristic biases occurring at later stages (Manager, Educator, ± Interpreter). However, clinical errors may occur at any learner development stage. Therefore, remediation of clinical biases, difficulties, and errors in veterinary medical encounters should use strategies that are tailored to the level of development of the learner, but also to the specific encounter (e.g., client, patient, and context).
A One Health Perspective on the Resurgence of Flea-Borne Typhus in Texas in the 21st Century. Part 1. The Bacteria, The Cat Flea, Urbanization, and Climate Change
Authors: Anstead Gregory M
Published: November 2024

Flea-borne typhus (FBT), due to Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, is an infection typically causing fever, headache, rash, hepatitis, and thrombocytopenia. About one-quarter of patients suffer pulmonary, neurologic, hematologic, renal, hepatic, cardiac, ocular or other complications. In the 21st century, the incidence of FBT has increased in both Texas and California compared to the 1990s. In this paper, county-level epidemiological data for the number of cases of FBT occurring in Texas for two decades, 1990-1999 and 2010-2019, were compared with respect to county of residence, urbanization, and climatic region. Human population growth in Texas has promoted FBT by increased urbanization and abundance of pet dogs and cats, stray/feral dogs and cats, and opossums. Increasing temperatures in Texas in the new millennium has increased the flea-borne transmission of FBT by promoting host infestation and flea feeding and defecation, accelerating the flea life cycle, and increasing rickettsial replication within the flea. Increased opossums and stray cats and dogs in the urban/suburban landscape has increased the risk of flea transfer to humans and their pets.
Achieving 3-D Structural Uniformity in Cellulose Gel Beads Via Salt-Screening
Authors: Garnett Matthew , Seyed Esfahani Seyed Armin , Yingst Andrew , May Luke , Alexander Symone
Published: November 2024

Cellulose microgel beads fabricated using the dropping technique suffer from structural irregularity and mechanical variability. This limits their translation to biomedical applications that are sensitive to variations in material properties. Ionic salts are often uncontrolled by-products of this technique, despite the known effects of ionic salts on cellulose assembly. In this study, the coagulation behavior of cellulose/salt solutions was explored as a way to combat these challenges. An ionic salt (NaCl) was added to a cellulose solution (cellulose/NaOH/urea) prior to coagulation in a hydrochloric acid bath. Quantification of the bead geometry and characterization of the pore architecture revealed that balancing the introduction of salt with the resultant solution viscosity is more effective at reducing structural variability and diffusion limitations than other pre-gelling techniques like thermal gelation. 3-D visualization of the internal pore structure of neat cellulose, thermo-gel, and salt-gel beads revealed that adding salt to the solution is the most effective way to achieve three-dimensional structural uniformity throughout the bead. Coupled with nanoindentation, we confirmed that the salt produced during coagulation plays a critical role in mechanical variability, and that adding salt to the solution before dropping into the coagulation bath completely screens this effect – leading to uniform microgel beads with reproducible mechanical properties.
CUL4-Based Ubiquitin Ligases in Chromatin Regulation: An Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Nakagawa Makiko , Nakagawa Tadashi
Published: November 2024

Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that modulates protein function and stability. It is orchestrated by the concerted action of three types of enzymes, with substrate specificity governed by ubiquitin ligases (E3s), which may exist as single proteins or as part of multi-protein complexes. Although Cullin (CUL) proteins lack intrinsic enzymatic activity, they participate in the formation of active ubiquitin ligase complexes, known as Cullin-Ring ubiquitin Ligases (CRLs), through their association with ROC1 or ROC2, along with substrate adaptor and receptor proteins. Mammalian genomes encode several CUL proteins (CUL1-9), each contributing to distinct CRLs. Among these CUL proteins, CUL1, CUL3, and CUL4 are believed to be the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, with CUL4 uniquely duplicated in vertebrates. Genetic evidence strongly implicates CUL4-based ubiquitin ligases (CRL4s) in chromatin regulation across various species and suggests that in vertebrates, CRL4s have also acquired a cytosolic role, facilitated by a cytosol-localizing paralog of CUL4. Substrates identified through biochemical studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which CRL4s regulate chromatin and cytosolic processes. The substantial body of knowledge on CUL4 biology amassed over the past two decades provides a unique opportunity to explore the functional evolution of CRL4. In this review, we synthesize the available structural, genetic, and biochemical data on CRL4 from various model organisms and discuss the conserved and novel functions of CRL4s.