bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Terminal Heat and Combined Heat-Drought Stress on Plant Growth, Yield, Grain Size, and Nutritional Quality in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Benali Aouatif , El Haddad Noureddine , Patil Somanagouda B. , Goyal Aakash , Hejjaoui Kamal , El Baouchi Adil , Gaboun Fatima , Taghouti Mouna , Ouhssine Mohammed , Kumar Shiv
Published: October 2023

Chickpea is the third most consumed pulse and provides a kit of essential nutrients for an exponential population. High temperatures and drought stress are two major abiotic stresses that cause serious effects on chickpea growth and development. The comprehension of abiotic stresses’ impact on chickpea productivity and nutritional quality will permit the selection of promising genotypes. The current study aimed to assess the impact of heat and drought stresses on plant growth, grain yield and its components, grain size, and nutritional quality in chickpea. For this purpose, 43 international chickpea genotypes were evaluated under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought stress conditions. The findings revealed a significant decrease of over 50% in plant height, biological yield, and seed yield under both stress conditions. Grain size and hundred-seed weight were the most heritable traits under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought stress. Proteins were accumulated under both stresses, evolving from 20.26% for normal conditions to 22.19% for heat stress and to 21.94% for combined heat-drought stress. For minerals, significant variation between treatments was observed for Mn, Mg, and Na. Our results also showed a significant impact of genotype and genotype-environment interaction factors only on K content. Using selection indices, 22 genotypes were identified as highly tolerant to the combined heat-drought stress, while eleven genotypes were heat-tolerant. Mineral profile analysis according to the contrasting tolerance clusters revealed decreased potassium content in susceptible genotypes, indicating genetic potential in the studied chickpea collection, ensuring tolerance to both stresses while maintaining good grain quality.
Feasibility of Advanced CO2 Injection and Well Pattern Adjustment to Improve Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage in Tight-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Sun Tianwei , Han Xiaobing , Shi Jianchao , Zhang Jiusong , Tang Huiting , Yu Haiyang
Published: October 2023

Global tight-oil reserves are abundant, but the depletion development of numerous tight-oil reservoirs remains unsatisfactory. CO2 injection development represents a significant method of reservoir production, potentially facilitating enhanced oil recovery (EOR) alongside CO2 storage. Currently, limited research exists on advanced CO2 injection and well pattern adjustment aimed at improving the oil recovery and CO2 storage within tight-oil reservoirs. This paper focuses on the examination of tight oil within the Ordos Basin. Through the employment of slim-tube experiments, long-core displacement experiments, and reservoir numerical simulations, the near-miscible pressure range and minimum miscible pressure (MMP) for the target block were ascertained. The viability of EOR and CO2 sequestration via advanced CO2 injection was elucidated, establishing well pattern adjustment methodologies to ameliorate CO2 storage and enhance oil recovery. Simultaneously, the impacts of the injection volume and bottom-hole pressure on the development of advanced CO2 injection were explored in further detail. The experimental results indicate that the near-miscible pressure range of the CO2–crude oil in the study area is from 15.33 to 18.47 MPa, with an MMP of 18.47 MPa, achievable under reservoir pressure conditions. Compared to continuous CO2 injection, advanced CO2 injection can more effectively facilitate EOR and achieve CO2 sequestration, with the recovery and CO2 sequestration rates increasing by 4.83% and 2.29%, respectively. Through numerical simulation, the optimal injection volume for advanced CO2 injection was determined to be 0.04 PV, and the most favorable bottom-hole flowing pressure was identified as 10 MPa. By transitioning from a square well pattern to either a five-point well pattern or a row well pattern, the CO2 storage ratio significantly improved, and the gas–oil ratio of the production wells also decreased. Well pattern adjustment effectively supplements the formation energy, extends the stable production lives of production wells, and increases both the sweep efficiency and oil recovery. This study provides theoretical support and serves as a reference for CO2 injection development in tight-oil reservoirs.
Study on the Countermeasures and Mechanism of Balanced Utilization in Multilayer Reservoirs at Ultra-High Water Cut Period
Authors: Wang Yong , Jiang Hanqiao , Wang Zhiqiang , Diwu Pengxiang , Li Junjian
Published: October 2023

After entering the ultra-high water cut stage of multilayer oil reservoirs, the remaining oil is highly dispersed. Due to the continuous development of general water injection, the generation of advantageous channels makes interlayer contradictions more prominent, and the differences in the utilization between different layers are even greater. After the water drive development of multilayer oil reservoirs enters the ultra-high water cut stage, the development effect deteriorates year by year. Layer restructuring is an effective method of improving the water injection development effect and increasing the degree of utilization. In essence, its goal is to achieve balanced utilization for multiple development layers to increase the degree of recovery. This article mainly employs physical simulation experiments combined with reservoir numerical simulation technology to jointly study the effects of different equilibrium production strategies in the ultra-high water cut period of multilayer oil reservoirs and their mechanism of action based on the remaining oil distribution field and streamline field. As a specific implementation, we use large-plate physical simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the rotational injection and production strategy, and to supplement the physical simulation experiment with a reservoir numerical simulation model, we analyze the mechanism of different balanced production strategies. The research results for the combination of physical simulation experiments and numerical simulation experiments show that the combined strategy of rotary injection and rotary production is the most effective method for use in multilayer and ultra-high water cut oil reservoirs. The displacement effect of the high-permeability layer is better, and the increase in the recovery degree is relatively large, while the displacement effect of the low-permeability layer is relatively weak. After conventional water drive oil recovery, the remaining oil mainly exists in the edge area of the research area. However, the use of three-dimensional well network injection wheel recovery changes the streamline field, produces the effect of fluid flow diversion, expands the water drive sweep coefficient, and improves the recovery rate. Chemical plugging can effectively replace water drive oil recovery and will become the main method for improving the recovery rate of such reservoirs in the lower part.
Deformation Characteristics and Permeability Properties of Cap Rocks in Gas Storage of Depleted Reservoirs under Alternating Load
Authors: Ying Qiqi , Wang Duocai , Zhang Hong , Guo Yintong , Liu Hejuan , Song Yujia , Chang Xin
Published: October 2023

Gas reservoirs have significant engineering characteristics of injection and extraction. The reservoir cap rock is subjected to cyclic alternating loading and has the potential risk of seal failure. Therefore, it is necessary to study the stress−percolation−damage mechanism of the reservoir cap rock in depleted gas reservoirs. The rock Mechanics Test System (MTS) was used to study the permeability characteristics of a typical mud shale cap layer under different loading and unloading rates, analyze the deformation characteristics and permeability performance evolution law of the rock under the confining pressure alternation, and study the effects of loading and unloading rate, confining pressure and number of cycles on the permeability of the cap rock. The test results show that with the increase in the number of cycles, the hysteresis loop moves in the direction of axial strain increase offset. The overall morphology is presented as an elongated type, and the damage of the specimen is small in the cyclic confining pressure; At the beginning of the cycling period, the permeability decreases with the increase in the confining pressure in the form of a negative exponential. At the later stage of the cycling period, the permeability basically stays unchanged, and is maintained at a low level; At low confining pressure, permeability also decreases in a negative exponential form with the increase in the number of confining pressure cycles; The greater the loading and unloading rate at the beginning of the cycle, the more the permeability decreases; There is a tendency of sealing improvement under cyclic loading in the gas storage of depleted reservoirs with mud shale as the cap layer. The results of the study can provide technical parameters for the evaluation of the cap sealing of gas storage of depleted reservoirs.
A Predictive Model for Cropland Transformation at the Regional Level: A Case Study of the Belgorod Oblast, European Russia
Authors: Buryak Zhanna A. , Grigoreva Olesya I. , Gusarov Artyom V.
Published: October 2023

The problem of choosing the type of land use is now more relevant than ever. Against the backdrop of the growth of urbanized territories, the challenge is to preserve cropland, maintain the quality of soil resources, and find a balance between competing land uses. Forecasting and modeling changes in the area of cropland is a sought-after area of research against the backdrop of a growing shortage of fertile land and a threat to food security. In this study, on the example of one of the agriculturally most developed administrative regions of Russia (Belgorod Oblast), an approach to statistical modeling of agricultural land areas over the past 30 years is shown. Two approaches were used: statistical modeling of the dynamics of the total area of the study region’s cropland depending on the balance of other types of land and spatial interaction modeling of cropland in a key area. For the study region, administrative districts with positive and negative cropland dynamics were identified; the main types of land were revealed, due to which cropland is withdrawn, and a regression balance model was developed. It was revealed that the implementation of the planned regional programs to expand the development and conservation of meadow lands will reduce cropland by 3.07% or 83.2 thousand ha. On the example of one of the administrative districts with high rates of urbanization, the probability of cropland transformation into other types of land was estimated and a predictive spatial model of land use was developed. According to the forecast, about 6.2 thousand ha of cropland will turn into residential development land, and 2/3 of their area will be concentrated within 6 km from the borders of the regional capital city (Belgorod). The presented approach to forecasting the area of cropland and the threats of its reduction due to the need to replace other types of land is relevant for all agricultural regions and countries with developing urbanization processes.
Model Uncertainty and Selection of Risk Models for Left-Truncated and Right-Censored Loss Data
Authors: Zhao Qian , Upretee Sahadeb , Yu Daoping
Published: October 2023

Insurance loss data are usually in the form of left-truncation and right-censoring due to deductibles and policy limits, respectively. This paper investigates the model uncertainty and selection procedure when various parametric models are constructed to accommodate such left-truncated and right-censored data. The joint asymptotic properties of the estimators have been established using the Delta method along with Maximum Likelihood Estimation when the model is specified. We conduct the simulation studies using Fisk, Lognormal, Lomax, Paralogistic, and Weibull distributions with various proportions of loss data below deductibles and above policy limits. A variety of graphic tools, hypothesis tests, and penalized likelihood criteria are employed to validate the models, and their performances on the model selection are evaluated through the probability of each parent distribution being correctly selected. The effectiveness of each tool on model selection is also illustrated using well-studied data that represent Wisconsin property losses in the United States from 2007 to 2010.
An Autonomous Navigation Framework for Holonomic Mobile Robots in Confined Agricultural Environments
Authors: Tsiakas Kosmas , Papadimitriou Alexios , Pechlivani Eleftheria Maria , Giakoumis Dimitrios , Frangakis Nikolaos , Gasteratos Antonios , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: October 2023

Due to the accelerated growth of the world’s population, food security and sustainable agricultural practices have become essential. The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled robotic systems in cultivation, especially in greenhouse environments, represents a promising solution, where the utilization of the confined infrastructure improves the efficacy and accuracy of numerous agricultural duties. In this paper, we present a comprehensive autonomous navigation architecture for holonomic mobile robots in greenhouses. Our approach utilizes the heating system rails to navigate through the crop rows using a single stereo camera for perception and a LiDAR sensor for accurate distance measurements. A finite state machine orchestrates the sequence of required actions, enabling fully automated task execution, while semantic segmentation provides essential cognition to the robot. Our approach has been evaluated in a real-world greenhouse using a custom-made robotic platform, showing its overall efficacy for automated inspection tasks in greenhouses.
A Consistent Round-Up Strategy Based on PPO Path Optimization for the Leader–Follower Tracking Problem
Authors: Wang Xiao , Yang Zhaohui , Bai Xueqian , Ji Mingjiang , Li Hao , Ran Dechao
Published: October 2023

Single UAVs have limited capabilities for complex missions, so suitable solutions are needed to improve the mission success rate, as well as the UAVs’ survivability. A cooperative multi-UAV formation offers great advantages in this regard; however, for large and complex systems, the traditional control methods will be invalid when faced with unstable and changing environments. To deal with the poor self-adaptability and high requirements for the environmental state information of traditional control methods for a multi-UAV cluster, this paper proposes a consistent round-up strategy based on PPO path optimization to track targets. In this strategy, the leader is trained using PPO for obstacle avoidance and target tracking, while the followers are expected to establish a communication network with the leader to obtain environmental information. In this way, the tracking control law can be designed, based on the consistency protocol and the Apollonian circle, to realize the round-up of the target and obstacle avoidance. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy can achieve the round-up of the target UAV and guide the pursuing multi-UAV group to avoid obstacles in the absence of the initial detection of the target. In multiple simulated scenarios, the success rates of the pursuit multi-UAV cluster for rounding up the target are maintained above 80%.
Exploring an Unknown Corner of a Well-Known Topic: HIIE Influence on Renal Health and Filtration in Healthy Individuals Free of Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Forsse Jeffrey S. , Richardson Kathleen A. , Torres Ricardo , Lowry Catherine , Taylor James Kyle , Beeson Cassidy L. , Ward Jacob , Dhillon Anurag , Niceler Brock , Ismaeel Ahmed , Koutakis Panagiotis
Published: October 2023

Aerobic exercise, specifically high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its effects on renal health and filtration (RHF) are not well understood. Several studies support incorporating contemporary biomarkers serum cystatin C (CyC) and urine epidermal growth factor (uEGF) to combat the volatility of serum creatinine (sCr). Using these biomarkers, we examined the acute influences HIIE has on RHF to determine if there is a ceiling effect in healthy populations. The purpose was to determine the influence of an acute bout of HIIE on RHF. Thirty-six participants (n = 22 males; n = 14 females; age 37.6 ± 12.4 years.; BF% 19.2 ± 7.1%; VO2max 41.8 + 7.4 mL/kg/min) completed 30 min of HIIE on a treadmill (80% and 40% of VO2reserve in 3:2 min ratio). Blood and urine samples were obtained under standardized conditions before, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. CyC, sCR, uEGF, urine creatinine (uCr), uCr/uEGF ratio, and multiple estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and CKD-EPI equations were used. The analysis employed paired sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. CyC, uEGF, uCr, and uCr/uEGF ratio concentrations were not altered between timepoints. sCr increased 1 h post-exercise (p > 0.002) but not at 24 h post-exercise. eGFR decreased in the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations at 1 h (p > 0.012) with no changes at 24 h post-exercise. CyC and sCr/CyC demonstrated no significant changes. CyC and uEGF are not altered by acute HIIE. The results demonstrate a potential ceiling effect in contemporary and traditional biomarkers of RHF, indicating improvements in RHF may be isolated to populations with reduced kidney function.
Legionella pneumophila Presence in Dental Unit Waterlines: A Cultural and Molecular Investigation in the West Bank, Palestine
Authors: Zayed Ashraf R. , Burghal Mutasem , Butmeh Suha , Samba-Louaka Ascel , Steinert Michael , Bitar Dina M.
Published: October 2023

A Legionella pneumophila bacterium is ubiquitous in water distribution systems, including dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). Legionellosis is atypical pneumonia, including Legionnaires’ disease (LD) and the less acute form of Pontiac fever. Legionellosis occurs as a result of inhalation/aspiration of aerosolized Legionella-contaminated water by susceptible patients, health workers, and dentists. In this study, we undertook to determine the prevalence of Legionella in water and biofilm samples from Tap and DUWLs collected from five sites of dental clinics and faculties across the West Bank. Water samples were tested for physical and chemical parameters. The study samples included 185 samples, 89 (48%) water samples, and 96 (52%) biofilm swabs, which were analyzed by cultivation-dependent analysis (CDA) and by the cultivation-independent technique (CIA). Also, partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for fifteen L. pneumophila isolates was performed for quality assurance and identification. L. pneumophila was isolated from 28 (15%) of 185 samples using CDA and was detected in 142 (77%) of 185 samples using CIA. The abundance of culturable L. pneumophila was low in DUWL of the sampling sites (range: 27–115 CFU/Liter). PCR was 5× more sensitive than the culture technique. L. pneumophila Sg 1 was detected in (75%) of the isolates, while (25%) isolates were L. pneumophila Sg 2–14. All fifteen sequenced Legionella isolates were identified as L. pneumophila ≥ 94.5%. The analysis of phylogenetic tree showed that L. pneumophila branch clearly identified and distinguished from other branches. These results show that DUWLs of the examined dental clinics and faculties are contaminated with L. pneumophila. This finding reveals a serious potential health risk for infection of immunocompromised patients and dentists’ post-exposure.
Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children Born between 2015 and 2018 in Poland—How Has the Introduction of Free Compulsory Pneumococcal Vaccination Affected Its Uptake?
Authors: Malchrzak Wojciech , Babicki Mateusz , Mastalerz-Migas Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

Starting from 2017, pneumococcal vaccination was added to the Polish vaccination calendar as mandatory for all children born after 2016. The 10-valent conjugate vaccine was selected as mandatory and therefore free of charge. This paper aims to examine the impact of introducing mandatory vaccination on vaccine uptake. For this purpose, an analysis was conducted for 1595 vaccination record sheets from outpatient clinics in Wrocław and surrounding villages for children born 2015–2018. After the introduction of compulsory vaccination, the percentage of children fully vaccinated against pneumococcus increased (60.4% vs. 84.8%, p < 0.001). A significant decrease in the number of children who did not receive any dose of the vaccine was observed (27.8% to 3.3%, p < 0.001). The introduction of compulsory vaccination did not affect the completion of the pneumococcal schedule (11.8% vs. 11.9%). Compulsory PCV10 vaccination resulted in the less frequent choice of the 13-valent vaccine (72.3% vs. 19.9%, p < 0.001). More children in rural outpatient clinics were vaccinated against pneumococcus compared to urban outpatient clinics (84.8% vs. 70.8%, p < 0.001). The introduction of free pneumococcal vaccination increased the proportion of children vaccinated, although it did not affect the rate of discontinuation of the initiated schedule. In Poland, the increased popularity of the 10-valent vaccine at the expense of the 13-valent one translated into a change in the proportion of pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio
Authors: Vergori Alessandra , Tavelli Alessandro , Matusali Giulia , Azzini Anna Maria , Augello Matteo , Mazzotta Valentina , Pellicanò Giovanni Francesco , Costantini Andrea , Cascio Antonio , De Vito Andrea , Marconi Lorenzo , Righi Elda , Sartor Assunta , Pinnetti Carmela , Maggi Fabrizio , Bai Francesca , Lanini Simone , Piconi Stefania , Levy Hara Gabriel , Marchetti Giulia , Giannella Maddalena , Tacconelli Evelina , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Antinori Andrea , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro ,   on behalf of the Vax-ICONA-ORCHESTRA Study
Published: October 2023

Background: Our aim was to estimate the rates of not achieving a robust/above-average humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH) who received ≥2 doses and to investigate the role of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the humoral response. Methods: We evaluated the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response 1-month after the second and third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as a proportion of not achieving a robust/above-average response using two criteria: (i) a humoral threshold identified as a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (<90% vaccine efficacy): anti-RBD < 775 BAU/mL or anti-S < 298 BAU/mL, (ii) threshold of binding antibodies equivalent to average neutralization activity from the levels of binding (nAb titer < 1:40): anti-RBD < 870 BAU/mL or anti-S < 1591 BAU/mL. PLWH were stratified according to the CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio at first dose. Logistic regression was used to compare the probability of not achieving robust/above-average responses. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the mean anti-RBD titer at various time points across the exposure groups. Results: a total of 1176 PLWH were included. The proportions of participants failing to achieve a robust/above-average response were significantly higher in participants with a lower CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, specifically, a clearer gradient was observed for the CD4 count. The CD4 count was a better predictor of the humoral response of the primary cycle than ratio. The third dose was pivotal in achieving a robust/above-average humoral response, at least for PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 and a ratio > 0.6. Conclusions: A robust humoral response after a booster dose has not been reached by 50% of PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells mm3. In the absence of a validated correlate of protections in the Omicron era, the CD4 count remains the most solid marker to guide vaccination campaigns in PLWH.
Experimental assessment of the effect of different types of salt and temperature on the survival of the larval stage of eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Russia, Perm, Mikheev P.B. ,   Khabarovsk branch of “VNIRO” (“KhabarovskNIRO”), Vyatkina Yu.V. ,   Perm State National Research University, Russia, Perm, Yakubova K.S. ,   Perm State National Research University, Russia, Perm, Baklanov M.A. ,   Perm State National Research University, Russia, Perm
Published: October 2023

Salinization of freshwaters is a serious problem leading to a decrease in biodiversity and degradation of aquatic ecosystems. In conditions of climate warming, the toxic effect of salinization can increase. The aim of this study was an experimental assessment of the survival of the pre-larvae of the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis under conditions of different concentration of two types of salt (salt mining wastes and sodium chloride), and also under two temperature regimes. We found that under temperature conditions of 8–15 ° C, the mortality of pre-larvae was significantly lower compared to the values obtained with an increase in temperature by 5 °C. The tolerance limit (LC50 ) under exposition to salts for 24 hours was a mineralization value equal to 9.8 g/l and 8.7 g/l under an exposition of 72 hours. There were no significant differences between the two types of salts — salt mining wastes and sodium chloride in terms of LC50. There were also no significant differences in the time of death of 100 and 50% of the tested prelarvae. At the same time, a higher mortality of pre-larvae was revealed in solution of salt-mining wastes at concentrations of 7 and 8 g/l. At concentrations above 9 g/l, the opposite trend was observed — a greater mortality rate was found in sodium chloride solution. For both types of salts, a greater survival rate of prelarvae was revealed at a salt concentration of 8 g/l compared to a concentration of 7 g/l, which requires more detailed studies. These results are important for understanding the limits of tolerance to salinity in the larval stage of development of one of the most widespread ecologically flexible freshwater fish species. The relevance of the study is determined by current trends in climate change and the increasing level of salinization of boreal freshwaters as a result of salt pollution.
Relação entre ansiedade e a autopercepção de disfluências e sintomas na fala em público de universitários
Authors: Vilar Bianca Cavalcante , Almeida Larissa Nadjara Alves , Almeida Anna Alice Figueirêdo de , Leidson Barbosa Lima Ivonaldo
Published: October 2023

Introdução. A ansiedade experimentada frente a fala em público pode afetar a comunicação de universitários. Objetivo. Analisar a relação entre ansiedade e a autopercepção de disfluências e sintomas da fala em público em universitários. Método. Participaram desta pesquisa 199 universitários, sendo 137 do sexo feminino e 62 do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 22,5±5,71 anos e que fazem parte em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. A coleta foi realizada por meio de amostra por conveniência, com a utilização de quatro instrumentos: Questionário de caracterização da amostra; Questionário de investigação de sintomas de ansiedade ao falar em público; Questionário de autoavaliação de disfluências ao falar em público; e o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-T). Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente, a partir de uma análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, com o uso do teste T de Student para amostras independentes, Correlação de Pearson e Qui-Quadrado, adotando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados. Os universitários com alta ansiedade relataram mais sintomas fisiológicos e comportamentais na fala em público, como medo, palpitações, evitar o contato visual e secura na boca. Relataram mais disfluências, em especial hesitações, interjeições e revisões. Houve correlação entre a ansiedade e a quantidade de sintomas de ansiedade na fala em público e a quantidade de disfluências. Conclusão. Identificou-se relação entre ansiedade e a autopercepção de disfluências e sintomas de ansiedade na fala em público de universitários.
Analyzing Changes in Traditional Industries: Challenges and Opportunities in the E-commerce Era
Authors: Ravi Ganeva , Nur Muhammad Farras , Kiswara Ade
Published: October 2023

Technological progress has rapidly revolutionized the global business sphere, with e-commerce emerging as a pivotal force in transforming traditional industries. This study undertakes a detailed bibliometric examination utilizing VOSviewer software to delve into the ramifications of e-commerce on conventional sectors and its role in global economic metamorphosis. Through identifying predominant keywords, notable publications, and collaborative research networks, the analysis underscores primary research trajectories. Notably, technology, innovation, education, knowledge, and investment emerge as pillars in navigating digital evolution. Furthermore, burgeoning areas like digital commerce, the circular economy, and blockchain present prospects for extended research. This study enhances our comprehension of the intricate shift traditional sectors undergo amidst the e-commerce surge. These insights bear significance for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and scholars, shedding light on potential hurdles and exploitable avenues amid digital upheaval. Consequently, this paper serves as a rich resource for those keen on grasping and maneuvering the intricacies of digital transformation within established industrial landscapes.
Education Infrastructure, Expenditure, Enrollment & Economic Development in Odisha, India
Authors: Prava Hota Swarna , Kumar Acharya Sanat
Published: October 2023

A key part of human capital is education. The development of educational infrastructure and economic growth are closely linked. Realizing the value of infrastructure, both the central and the state government have implemented a number of programmes to upgrade the physical facilities at public schools. Infrastructure is a key component of enabling high-quality education. This study intends to explore the linkage between economic development and spending on education for infrastructure development and quality of education. In 2019–20, the ratio of education department spending (revenue and capital account) to the gross state product (GSDP) is 2.84%. In 2020–21, the gross enrollment ratios (GER) for primary and secondary education are 97.4% and 84.5% respectively. As part of the study's methodology, analytical and empirical data from secondary sources were compiled. The multiple regression analysis demonstrates that the GER of primary and secondary education, as well as the expenditure (Revenue and Capital) on education by education departments to GSDP is significant to economic growth. Here, the economic growth of Odisha as a whole is significantly influenced by the state's educational system. The study's conclusions show that public spending on infrastructure and education has a big impact on economic growth. It is recommended that the infrastructure in schools should be well-equipped in order to meet the needs of the current generation. The government should collaborate with private corporate sector, industrial unit in constructing the infrastructural facility such as smart class room, computer and internet facility, laboratory etc in schools.
2,4-Dimetilpirol ile hazırlanan bodipy türevlerinin sentezi ve spektroskopik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Authors: GÜLER Ersin , DURSUN ANAÇOĞLU Çağla
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada 2,4-dimetil pirol kullanılarak iki adet Bodipy bileşiği hazırlanmıştır. Sentezlenen ara ürünler ve hedef bileşiklerin saf bir şekilde elde edilebilmesi için sentezin her aşamasında kolon kromatografisinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen saf ürünler çeşitli metotlar ile karakterize edilmiştir. lk olarak erime noktası tayini yapılmış ve FT-IR spektrumları toplanmıştır. FT-IR spektroskopisi ile fonksiyonel grup analizleri yapıldıktan sonra, bileşiklerin dötöro-kloroform içerisinde 1H-NMR ve 13C-NMR spektrumları alınmıştır. Elde edilen bileşiklere B-Cl ve B1, olarak kısa isimler ile verilmiştir. Karakterizasyon işlemlerinden sonra bileşiklerinin spektroskopik özellikleri, floresans spektroskopisi ve UV-vis spektroskopisi ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca hazırlanan bileşiklerin floresans özelliklerine çözücünün etkisi de araştırılmıştır.
Encapsulation of edible cuckoopint (Arum maculatum) tuber powder
Authors: SAYGIN Sevim , VAROL Berfin , OZDEMIR Naciye , SARGİN Idris , ARSLAN Gulsin
Published: October 2023

Cuckoopint (Arum maculatum), an edible wild plant species, grows in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. The aerial parts of the plant are consumed as food. The plant's tubers are used in traditional folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. When consumed fresh, the plant's tubers have a toxic effect, and the dried form is safe if it does not exceed a certain amount. Tuber powders can also have a poisonous effect when taken in excessive amounts accidentally and unconsciously. In this study, it was investigated whether it is possible to prepare the powder obtained by drying the tubers of the edible wild plant A. maculatum by encapsulating it with chitosan, an edible, biocompatible, mucoadhesive polysaccharide, in specific doses. A. maculatum-chitosan microcapsules were prepared with A. maculatum tuber powder and chitosan. The effects of medium parameters such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the microcapsules' structural integrity and release properties were investigated. Encapsulation of tuber powders prepared in specific formulations into microcapsules can help prevent accidental overdose by the public. Commercial storage, transport, and marketing of cuckoopint tuber powder may be possible through encapsulation.
ANALISIS UJI KUAT TEKAN DAN DAYA SERAP AIR PADA BATU BATA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SERBUK LIMBAH CANGKANG BIJI KARET
Authors: Wulandari Riszka , Destania Henggar Risa , Fauzi Marguan
Published: October 2023

Pesatnya perkembangan pembangunan di Indonesia membuat kebutuhan akan batu bata semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian pembuatan batu bata dengan campuran cangkang biji karet sebagai inovasi meningkatkan mutu batu bata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan limbah cangkang biji karet terhadap nilai uji kuat tekan dan daya serap air pada batu bata. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni metode eksperimental. Hasil penelitian dan pengujian ini adalah setiap variasi benda uji (BT – 2, BT – 5, BT – 10, BT – 12) menunjukkan bahwa daya serap air pada batu bata dengan campuran cangkang biji karet lebih kecil dari 20%, maka daya serap air memenuhi standart SNI-15-2094-2000,sedangkan kuat tekan yang dihasilkan setiap penambahan persentase cangkang biji karet pada campuran batu bata diperoleh nilai kuat tekan semakin kecil. Berdasarkan ketentuan SNI-15-2094-2000, maka batu bata dengan campuran variasi cangkang biji karet tidak memenuhi standart.
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN STABILITAS DAYA DUKUNG PADA PROYEK PENGENDALIAN BANJIR DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Idha Muhammad Prasetian , Hidayat Ahmad , Noviarti Delli
Published: October 2023

Sungai merupakan aliran air terbuka yang memiliki muka air bebas dan mengalir dari hulu menuju hilir. Pada setiap sungai memiliki karakteristik dan bentuk yang berbeda. Tanah merupakan lapisan permukaan bumi yang sangat dinamis, perubahannya dipengaruhi oleh air, udara, dan pergeseran lempeng bumi. Salah satu akibat dari perubahan itu adalah adanya lereng. Struktur atau bangunan penahan tanah seperti dinding penahan (retaining wall), dinding ruang bawah tanah (basement wall), pangkal jembatan (abutment) dan turap baja pada umumnya digunakan dalam teknik pondasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui besar faktor keamanan (SF) terhadap guling, geser dan ambalas. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Proyek Pembangunan Pengendalian Banjir di Sungai Kedukan yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Gandus Musi II Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan. Data diambil untuk melihat kondisi faktual yang ada di lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan soil investigation, test sondir, uji susut tanah, perhitungan volume tanah, dan perhitungan variabel nilai susut tanah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dimensi dinding penahan tanah memiliki tinggi 2,5m, lebar 1,8 m, lebar atas dinding penahan 0,6 m, dan kedalaman posisi 1 m. Dari hasil analisa didapatkan struktur dinding penahan tanah aman terhadap bahaya guling, geser dan amblas, dengan nilai Faktor Keamanan (SF) secara berurutan sebesar 10,59>2, 20,45>2, dan 9,91>2,5.

Kata kunci : Dinding penahan tanah, Perencanaan, Keamanan guling dan geser
ANALISA PENGARUH TIPE KAMPUH V DAN X PADA PENGELASAN STAINLESS STEEL 304 TERHADAP KUALITAS LAS
Authors: Pamungkas Rizky , Afriany Reny , Asmadi Asmadi , Pusvyta Yeny
Published: October 2023

Pengelasan Stainless Steel 304 (SS 304) umumnya menggunakan metode pengelasan GTAW, karena SS 304 termasuk baja paduan. Selain pemilihan metode las yang tepat, penentuan jenis kampuh juga menjadi salah satu pertimbangan pengelasan untuk kualitas hasil las, pemilihan sambungan yang tepat akan membuat konstruksi semakin baik dan aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hasil sambungan las dengan tipe kampuh yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan material SS 304, filler pengisi ER308 dengan menggunakan mesin las GTAW. Pengujian hasil lasan dengan metode non destructive test (NDT) menggunakan uji visual dan uji dye penetrant. Sedangkan pengujian mekanik meliputi uji kekerasan Vickers dan uji tarik. Hasil dari uji visual dan dye penetrant, pada daerah lasan tidak terdapat cacat, baik itu pada bagian permukaan luar maupun dalam. Pada pengujian mekanik kekuatan rata-rata uji kekerasan Vickers kampuh tipe V memiliki nilai kekuatan yang lebih baik sebesar 200,63 VHN sedangkan untuk kampuh tipe X nilainya sebesar 195,31 VHN. Pada pengujian mekanik menggunakan pengujian tarik didapat nilai rata-rata kekuatan tarik, perpanjangan (elongation) dan modulus elastisitas kampuh tipe X lebih tinggi daripada kampuh tipe V, dengan nilai rata-rata kampuh tipe X Fmax=4578 kgf, ε=12,6% dan E=312 kgf sedangkan kampuh tipe V nilainya Fmax=3581 kgf, ε=9,3% dan E=308,76 kgf. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji NDT, yaitu uji visual dan dye penetrant pada kedua tipe kampuh memiliki hasil yang sama baik, sedangkan untuk pengujian DT, kedua tipe kampuh memiliki perbedaan yang tidak terlalu signifikan, jadi melihat hasil kualitasnya pengelasan kedua kampuh dapat di aplikasikan pada kebutuhan konstruksi yang nanti akan dipakai.

Kata kunci : Pengelasan SS 304, tipe kampuh, dye penetrant, vickers test, tensile test
ANALISIS PENYEBAB KETERLAMBATAN MASA PELAKSANAAN PADA PROYEK JALAN RUAS BETUNG – MANGUNJAYA
Authors: Shaputra Muhammad Rio Eka , Nisumanti Sartika , Puspita Norma
Published: October 2023

Dalam proyek konstruksi terdapat komponen penting pendukung proyek yaitu biaya, waktu dan mutu. Masa pelaksanaan konstruksi pada proyek dapat mengalami keterlambatan yang disebabkan banyaknya faktor tertentu. Penelitian dilakukan pada permasalahan keterlambatan masa pelaksanaan konstruksi pada proyek jalan ruas Betung – Mangunjaya. Pengendalian waktu yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan adalah kurva S dan metode Earned Value Concept dengan data yang digunakan berdasarkan data aktual dan rencana kegiatan pada kurva S, sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data penentuan faktor penyebab keterlambatan menggunakan metode survey kuisioner. Dalam Analisa metode Earned Value Concept didapat hasil perhitungan Schedule Variances proyek dengan nilai terendah pada minggu ke - 35 sebesar -25.98% dan nilai tertinggi pada minggu ke - 46 sebesar 19,13%. Perhitungan Schedule Performance Index (SPI) didapat minggu pertama hingga kedua nilai SPI berada pada nilai 0.46 hingga 0.49 yang berarti masa pelaksanaan terlambat hingga minggu ke - 3. Pada minggu ke - 28 hingga ke - 42 terjadi nilai SPI turun maksimal hingga 0,729 dan hasil dari perhitungan ETC dan EAC menunjukan pada minggu awal terjadi keterlambatan, pada pelaporan minggu ke - 28 hingga minggu ke - 42 terjadi keterlambatan hingga dua minggu. Pada minggu ke - 43 dilakukan addendum penambahan waktu pelaksanaan 45 hari kerja sehingga nilai SPI, ETC dan EAC kembali menjadi normal. Hasil survey kuisioner menentukan faktor dominan penyebab keterlambatan pelaksanaan konstruksi adalah Force Majeure dalam hal ini Pandemi Corona Virus. Faktor - faktor lain penyebab keterlambatan pelaksanaan adalah keterlambatan pembayaran dari owner, permasalahan keuangan internal kontraktor dan banyak terdapat Change Contract Order.
STUDI KINERJA RELAI ARUS LEBIH PADA TRANSFORMATOR DAYA 30 MVA GARDU INDUK SEDUDUK PUTIH PALEMBANG
Authors: Azis Abdul , Anjasmara Reksi , Perawati Perawati , Pebrianti Irine Kartika
Published: October 2023

Relai Arus Lebih merupakan peralatan yang mensinyalir adanya arus lebih, baik yang disebabkan oleh adanya gangguan hubung singkat yang dapat merusak peralatan sistem tenaga listrik yang berada dalam wilayah proteksinya. Relai Arus Lebih digunakan hampir pada seluruh pola pengamanan sistem tenaga listrik, dan dapat juga digunakan sebagai pengaman utama ataupun pengaman cadangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Penyulang Beo Transformator-1 30 MVA 70/20 kV Gardu Induk Seduduk Putih Palembang. Hasil penelitian adalah saat gangguan hubung singkat 3 fasa, waktu kerja relai outgoing lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan waktu kerja relai incoming, dengan selisih waktu 0,7568. Kemudian saat gangguan hubung singkat 2 fasa, waktu kerja relai outgoing lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan waktu kerja relai incoming, dengan selisih waktu 0,9223. Besar kecilnya selisih waktu kerja tersebut dipengaruhi jauh dekatnya lokasi gangguan. Dimana semakin jauh lokasi gangguan, maka akan semakin besar selisih waktu kerja relai outgoing dengan waktu kerja relai incoming, dan apabila semakin dekat lokasi gangguan maka semakin kecil selisih waktu kerja relai outgoing dengan waktu kerja relai incoming. Hal ini bertujuan memberi kesempatan pada relai outgoing untuk bekerja terlebih dahulu sebagai pengaman utama (main protection) apabila terjadi gangguan hubung singkat di penyulang, dan relai incoming akan bekerja sebagai pengaman cadangan (back-up protection) apabila relai outgoing tidak bekerja. Hasil perhitungan dengan data yang ada dilapangan masih dalam kondisi yang sesuai dengan perbedaannya tidak terlalu jauh, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan kinerja Relai Arus Lebih yang ada dilapangan masih dalam kondisi baik.
Sifat fisikokimia tepung umbi kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) termodifikasi metode fermentasi
Authors: Hudi Lukman , Budiandari Rahmah Utami , Sari Lilin Nur Indah
Published: October 2023

𝘊𝘰𝘤𝘰𝘺𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘦, 𝘣𝘦𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢𝘯 𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳, 𝘵𝘰 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘥𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘰𝘤𝘰𝘺𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘶𝘳𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘤𝘰𝘺𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘢 𝘙𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘉𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘬 𝘋𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯 (𝘙𝘈𝘒) 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 3 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘈𝘕𝘖𝘝𝘈 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 5% 𝘉𝘕𝘑 𝘵𝘦𝘴𝘵. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘤𝘳𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘣𝘶𝘭𝘬 𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺, 𝘣𝘶𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘯𝘰 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘰𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘢𝘴𝘩 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘺𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘤𝘰𝘺𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘸𝘢𝘴 3.33% 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵, 4.05% 𝘢𝘴𝘩 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵, 1.96% 𝘤𝘳𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳, 68.13% 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘦, 21.2% 𝘺𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘢𝘯𝘥 0.958 𝘣𝘶𝘭𝘬 𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘤𝘰𝘺𝘢𝘮 𝘵𝘶𝘣𝘦𝘳 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 1,5% 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘣𝘢𝘬𝘦𝘳’𝘴 𝘺𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦 12 𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 4.33%, 𝘢𝘴𝘩 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 3.76%, 𝘤𝘳𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘧𝘪𝘣𝘦𝘳 2.01%, 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘥𝘦𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘦 68.37, 𝘺𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 22.3% 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘣𝘶𝘭𝘬 𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 0.971.
Pengaruh konsentrasi CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose) dan gula aren terhadap fisikokimia dan organoleptik selai umbi bit (Beta vulgaris L.) ekstrak jahe merah
Authors: Solichah Widyatus , Utomo Deny , Utami Cahyaning Rini
Published: October 2023

𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘔𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘢𝘭𝘮 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭, 𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘰𝘵 𝘫𝘢𝘮 (𝘉𝘦𝘵𝘢 𝘷𝘶𝘭𝘨𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘴 𝘓.) 𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘶𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘯 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘰𝘵 𝘫𝘢𝘮 (𝘉𝘦𝘵𝘢 𝘷𝘶𝘭𝘨𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘴 𝘓.) 𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘍𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘙𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘻𝘦𝘥 𝘉𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘬 𝘋𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯 (𝘙𝘉𝘋) 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘧 2 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴, 𝘯𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘔𝘊 (𝘊𝘢𝘳𝘣𝘰𝘹𝘺𝘭 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘺𝘭 𝘊𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘦) (0.5% 𝘢𝘯𝘥 1.5%) 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘢𝘭𝘮 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳 (60%, 70% 𝘢𝘯𝘥 80%). 𝘌𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 3 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘣𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 18 𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘣𝘦𝘦𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘰𝘵 𝘫𝘢𝘮 (𝘉𝘦𝘵𝘢 𝘷𝘶𝘭𝘨𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘴 𝘓.) 𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘦𝘳 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘵 𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈1𝘉3 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 (1% 𝘊𝘔𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 80% 𝘱𝘢𝘭𝘮 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳) 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘛𝘗𝘛 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦 𝘰𝘧 75.75 𝘰𝘣𝘳𝘪𝘹, 32.72% 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵, 13.51 𝘳𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳 %, 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳 3 (𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦), 𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘢 4 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦), 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦 3 (𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 4 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦). 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘣𝘪𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘥𝘥𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘔𝘊 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘢𝘭𝘮 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳 𝘩𝘢𝘥 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘳𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳, 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘰𝘵𝘢𝘭 𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘴𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘥 𝘴𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘥𝘴. 𝘈𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘴 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘱𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳, 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦, 𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈1𝘉3 𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 (𝘊𝘔𝘊 1% 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘱𝘢𝘭𝘮 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳 80%) 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘛𝘗𝘛 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦 𝘰𝘧 75.75 𝘰𝘣𝘳𝘪𝘹, 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵 32.72%, 𝘳𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘴𝘶𝘨𝘢𝘳 13.51%, 𝘤𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘳 3 (𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘥), 𝘢𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘢 4 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦𝘥), 𝘵𝘢𝘴𝘵𝘦 3 (𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦 4 (𝘭𝘪𝘬𝘦).
Studi karakteristik kimia minuman probiotik kombucha sari kulit nanas (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Budiandari Rahmah Utami , Azara Rima , Adawiyah Ro’biatul , Prihatiningrum Andriani Eko
Published: October 2023

Kombucha is probiotic baverage, made from tea with sugar and starter SCOBY with time fermentation 4-14 days. Time of fermentation can be affects to physical and chemical properties of kombucha. This probiotic baverage has the potential to increase immunity and body resistance. Pineapple commonly consumed fresh or processed products, the part of pineapple that’s not consumed was skin and liver as 47%. The chemical component in pineapple skin was flavonoid, bromelain, 17,53% carbohydrates and 17% glucoses that can be used as kombucha. This research purpose to determine the effect of kombucha pineapple skin juice on the 7th day and 14th day fermentation. This research used a RBD with two factors, the first factor was sucrose concentration (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and second factor was starter SCOBY concentration (10% and 15%). This data were analyzed using ANOVA and minitab 17. The results on the 7th day showed sucore concentration has significant effect on the pH value, total Acid and TDS. Meanwhile starter SCOBY concentration had a signicantly effect on total acid and TDS but not signigicantly effect on the pH value. On the 14th day showed that sucrose and starter SCOBY has significantly effect to total acid, pH value and TDS.