bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lived Experience of Spouses of Patients With a Left Ventricular Assist Device Before Heart Transplantation
Authors: Casida Jessie
Published: November 2019

• Background No publications describe the life experience of spouses who are designated caregivers of patients with a left ventricular assist device before transplantation.

• Objective To explore what life is like for spouses serving as caregivers of patients with a left ventricular assist device before transplantation and to assess the meaning of such experience to them.

• Methods This phenomenological study included 3 women 38 to 52 years old who were designated caregivers of patients with a left ventricular assist device while the patients were waiting at home for a heart transplant.

• Results Three major themes emerged—emotional distress, determination, and optimism: a new lease on life. The identified themes were elucidated by 8 subthemes: guilt and realization of severity of illness, fear and anxiety, recognition that being a caregiver is an overwhelming experience and a burden, coping, living with hope, realization of loving relationship, adaptation to a new life, and joyful feeling.

• Conclusion The spouses who served as caregivers had strong emotions as they entered each stage of this life experience. The stages were characterized by the identified themes and subthemes, which otherwise might not have been revealed or might have remained private to the study participants. Critical care nurses should recognize and anticipate challenges for these stages of life experienced by the spouses as caregivers. Heightened awareness of this phenomenon will guide nurses in individualizing plans of care, educating patients and patients’ families, and evaluating outcomes of care.
Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Practice: Results of a 5-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth M.
Published: November 2019

The role of acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) has developed in capacity. More than 3500 advanced practice nurses have been certified as ACNPs, and the number of practice settings where these professionals work is continually expanding. Beginning in 1996, a series of surveys were conducted of nurse practitioners seeking national certification as ACNPs. What started as an attempt to gather information on the role of ACNPs evolved into a national 5-year longitudinal survey of ACNP practice. The cumulative results of the project are reported, and how the role of the ACNP was established in advanced practice nursing is discussed.
State of the Heart: Building Science to Improve Women’s Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Rosenfeld Anne G.
Published: November 2019

Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer of women in the United States, and marked disparities in cardiovascular health exist between women and men and among groups of women. Coronary heart disease is underdiagnosed, undertreated, and underresearched in women. Women with suspected heart disease are less likely than men to receive indicated diagnostic tests and procedures; sex-based biases in treatment of myocardial infarction persist; and women continue to be underrepresented in cardiovascular research. An accumulating body of literature points to 3 major explanations: sex-based physiology, provider bias, and psychosocial influences. Women’s acute and prodromal signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction have been described, yet women have difficulty recognizing and acting on these indications. Primary and secondary prevention of heart disease in women is imperative; although the science is lacking in several areas, existing evidence on diet, hormone therapy, aspirin, physical activity and obesity, and diabetes can serve as the basis for interventions. Potentially, large impacts could be made on women’s morbidity and mortality if current scientific knowledge were implemented. The state of the science of women and heart disease is reviewed, with a focus on those areas with the greatest potential to address the needs of women’s cardiovascular status. Key gaps in the science and remaining questions are presented as a research agenda for the coming decade.
Empowering critical care nurses to improve Compliance with protocols in the intensive care unit
Authors: Plost Gerald , Nelson Delores Privette
Published: November 2019

•Background Practitioners often do not comply with evidence-based protocols.

•Objective To improve compliance with evidence-based protocols in an intensive care unit.

•Methods A baseline compliance range was obtained by using a sampling of 9 protocols for a 100% audit of 35 beds in an adult intensive care unit. Nurses were given positive rewards to promote an initiative to improve compliance with protocols. The original audit tool was used to assess compliance at intervals during a trial period and for a follow-up audit 3 years after implementation of the initiative.

•Results One month after the initiative was started, compliance with protocols increased from a range of 62% to 77% to a compliance of almost 90%. Within 4 months, the compliance rate increased to a mean of more than 95%. Three years later, the compliance rate was greater than 90%.

•Conclusion Extrinsic rewards improved compliance with protocols and resulted in a change in the culture in the intensive care unit that had a cumulative outcome.
Nursing dynamics of pediatric intraaortic balloon pumping
Authors: Anella J , McCloskey A , Vieweg C
Published: November 2019

Care of the child on the IABP continues to be a challenging experience. Further advances in IABP technology will improve the rate of survival for children with complex congenital heart defects and other more complicated diagnoses. Likewise, this technology will enable critical care nurses to increase their expertise resulting in new gains in nursing knowledge.
Multisystem failure in a child with HUS
Authors: Geller M
Published: November 2019

HUS is a complex multisystem disease. Research has increased our understanding of etiologic factors, presenting symptoms, lab findings, and course of the disease and has had an impact on treatment plans. As children present to community hospitals with symptomatology of dehydration, more careful analysis of electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, and hematologic smears have supported earlier diagnosis and directly impacted the morbidity and mortality of HUS. Astute ongoing nursing assessment and care in the critical care unit are crucial to promoting a favorable outcome.
Cardiac complications of the Stryker frame
Authors: Schnieber ME
Published: November 2019

In view of possible adverse consequences resulting from being turned to the prone position on the Stryker frame, the critical care nurse should be alert for evidence of brainstem ischemia and subsequent cardiac arrhythmias and should take steps to minimize respiratory fatigue in the spinal cord patient. In addition, the nurse should be cognizant of the necessity of maintaining a properly aligned cervical spine to prevent complications secondary to hyperextension.
Critical illness and intensive care: what it means to the client
Authors: Compton P
Published: November 2019

How do people make sense of critical illness and the ICU? What does that experience mean to the patient? These questions are of vital importance in selecting nursing interventions that are appropriate as well as therapeutic. The study of individuals and their experiences can provide a rich and unexpected picture of what it is like to live through a critical illness. This information can increase our understanding of the needs of critically ill patients as well as how people in general make sense of their world.
The orientation of nurses to the CVICU
Authors: Suhy P , Burson R
Published: November 2019

Orientation is a significant concern to all staff members in critical care units. The ideal orientation program is based on the orientee's individual needs, provides the knowledge and skills to function competently in all situations, and requires a minimal amount of time. This article presents the experiences of the staff of a cardiac surgical intensive care unit as they revised their nurse orientation program.
Spinal arteriovenous fistulas of the filum terminale: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lakhdar Fayçal , Benzagmout Mohammed , Chakour Khalid , Chaoui Mohammed
Published: November 2019

Spiinal arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are an uncommon cause of myelopathy that require a high degree of suspicion to diagnose. Treatment strategies have not yet been established. Only a few cases of AVFs of the filum terminale (FT) have been reported. In this review, we describe clinical presentation, imaging, and treatment options for this rare type of spinal AV shunt. A 43-year-old male patient presented with progressive low back pain and paraparesis with gradually worsening bilateral foot paresthesias and sphincter dysfunction. He underwent magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed a hypersignal in the thoracolumbar cord and angiography diagnosed a microfistula of the FT. Surgery was preferred over endovascular treatment and we realized an L5 laminectomy to open the dura mater and found a hypertrophic FT. After identifying the fistula which was closely related to cauda equina, and dissecting the root from the fistula, a permanent clip was placed on the proximal part of the arterialized vein. Surgery was uneventful, and 6 months postoperatively, the patient has fully recovered. FT AVFs although rare should be considered as a differential diagnosis of progressive paraparesis, and successful surgery through clipping relies on the angioarchitecture of the shunt and the clinical manifestations of the patient.
Occurrence of trigger finger following carpal tunnel release
Authors: Yunoki Masatoshi , Imoto Ryoji , Kawai Nobuhiko , Matsumoto Atsushi , Hirashita Koji , Yoshino Kimihiro
Published: November 2019

Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was recently started in our department, and we noticed that the development of trigger finger (TF), with which neurosurgeons are generally unfamiliar, is not rare after such treatment. We summarized the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of TF and retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all 39 patients who underwent CTR in our department to investigate the occurrence of TF. In 39 patients with CTS, 46 surgical interventions were performed in our department. All surgical procedures were carried out by open release of the transverse carpal ligament under local anesthesia infiltration, but the distal forearm fascia was not released. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 21.1 ± 16.8 months. TF after CTR occurred in nine hands of eight patients (9 of 46 hands, 19.6%). The mean interval between CTR and TF onset was 5.3 ± 2.8 months. TF after surgical treatment of CTS is not rare; therefore, surgeons who treat CTS should understand the clinical features of TF and carefully assess affected patients, particulary at presentation and within 6 months postoperatively.
Cavernoma of the right lateral ventricle: A rare case report
Authors: Katari Uday , Prasanna Govindappagari , Gopidesi Divya
Published: November 2019

Intraventricular cavernoma (IVC) is a rare pathological entity constituting 2.5%–10.8% of cerebral cavernomas. The lateral ventricles are the most frequent site, followed by the third and fourth ventricles. IVCs usually attain a large size compared to parenchymal cavernomas and cause signs and symptoms mainly due to mass effect. IVCs lack specific clinical manifestations and radiological features. Microsurgical excision of IVCs is a safe and effective treatment option. We present a 71-year-old male patient with right lateral ventricle cavernous angioma. The patient underwent microsurgical resection of the vascular lesion with good neurological outcome.
Morphometric and anatomic variations of foramen ovale in human skull and its clinical importance
Authors: Prakash Kuppasad , Saniya Kundadukkam , Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli , Ramkishore Haradi , Nautiyal Amit
Published: November 2019

Objective: There is a paucity of information regarding the specific anatomy and clinical significance of variations of foramen ovale (FO). The present study was undertaken to define this anatomy in more detail and to review the literature regarding these anatomic variations. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 adult human dry skulls were analyzed for the variations in appearance and number of FO being noted. The length and width of the FO of both sides were determined using digital vernier calipers and area (A) was also calculated and analyzed. Results: Of 82 adult skulls, the values for the right side was 7.64 ± 1.194 mm, 5.128 ± 0.827 mm, and 30.808 ± 7.545 mm2 and for the left side the values was 7.561 ± 1.123 mm, 5.244 ± 0.950 mm, and 31.310 ± 8.262 mm2, respectively, for the mean length, width, and area of the FO. The shape of foramen was typically ovale in most of the skulls (56.70%) with some bony variations such as spine, tubercles, bony bridge/bar, and confluence. Conclusion: Such variants in the FO could interfere with transcutaneous needle placement into the FO or distort anatomic relationships during approaches to the cranial base.
Neurosurgical management of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas: Judicious modern optimization of the results in a 100-case study
Authors: Kalfas Fotios , Scudieri Claudia
Published: November 2019

Context: The management of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas centers around the relationship between the tumor and the venous anatomy of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the bridging veins. Aims: The present study aims to address neurosurgical outcomes in a cohort of patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas >2.0 cm in the largest diameter, in which a neurosurgical/multidisciplinary treatment was considered. Settings and Design: The clinical outcomes of patients undergoing neurosurgical management for parasagittal and falcine meningiomas at the authors' institution over a 15-year period were analyzed. Analysis was limited to those tumors (primary, residual, or recurrences) >2.0 cm in the largest diameter. Subjects and Methods: The authors identified 100 patients with parasagittal/falcine meningiomas >2.0 cm in their largest diameter, who underwent neurosurgical treatment at their institution between 1999 and 2013. Statistical Analysis Used: Tumor control was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and specific attention was paid to the relationship between the tumor and the SSS and its impact on tumor control and outcome. Results: There was no difference in rates of tumor control in patients who received subtotal resection for a WHO Grade I tumor, followed by close observation, compared with those undergoing gross-total resection, primarily because no cases were observed in which the tumor remnant in the SSS demonstrated interval growth on serial imaging studies. Of patients in this series, 13% experienced at least one neurological, medical, surgical, or radiosurgical complication, and the mortality was 0%. Conclusions: These data provide a more judicious optimization of the expected outcome that can be obtained with treatment of these tumors, in which a combination of image guidance, advanced microsurgical techniques, and conformal radiation treatments is used.
Coexisting vestibular schwannoma with fibrous dysplasia: A rare occurrence
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Kedia Rishabh , Mohapatra Ishani , Banerjee Anirban
Published: November 2019

Coexisting vestibular schwannoma (VS) with fibrous dysplasia is extremely rare. Here, we represent the case of a 48-year-old female with coexisting VS and fibrous dysplasia of overlying occipital bone. After proper evaluation, the patient underwent surgery and microscopic total excision of the right cerebellopontine angle lesion was achieved. However, during surgery, bone work was extremely tedious and exposure to reach up to lesion was difficult. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of coexisting fibrous dysplasia of overlying bone and VS as histopathological diagnosis.
Cognition-Engaging Physical Exercise for Improving Cognitive Impairments in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Nejati Vahid
Published: November 2019

Cognitive impairment is a common deficit in psychological, neurological, and psychosomatic disorders. Recent studies suggest physical exercise as a new method for enhancing cognition, but not all types of physical exercises are beneficial to cognition. We propose cognition-engaging physical exercises (CEPEs) framework for purposefully and selectively enhancing cognition, which could have promising clinical implications in behavioral medicine. Here, we present results of the CEPE intervention in a patient with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison with a control case who underwent treadmill exercise. Preliminary results show discernible increased accuracy and decreased response time in working memory and response inhibition task performance after CEPE but not treadmill exercise. We discuss the reason why CEPE could be more beneficial as compared to non-CEPE. Moreover, clinical implications of CEPE in behavioral medicine are discussed.
Writing on the Image
Authors: Dorrian Mark
Published: November 2019

Ranging from an examination of the politically-laden spectacle of George IV's visit to Edinburgh in 1822, as stage-managed by the celebrated novelist Sir Walter Scott, to an analysis of Google Earth's role in the construction of a new kind of political map, one no longer structured by boundary lines and coloured territories but instead through a politics of image resolution, the remarkable essays in this book present innovative ways of understanding visual phenomena in historical and contemporary culture.

Writing on the Image brings together a series of Mark Dorrian's celebrated critical writings. Focusing on issues of elevated vision, spectacle, atmosphere, and the limits of aesthetic experience, Dorrian explores the politics of representation through a series of close readings of the ideological effects of images in their specific contexts. Seamlessly traversing sources from architecture, art, literature, history, geography and film, the essays gathered here exemplify Mark Dorrian's pioneering 'post-disciplinary' approach to architecture and visual culture.

Featuring a foreword by Paul Carter, and an afterword by Ella Chmielewska, Writing on the Image opens with a sequence of four historically-oriented chapters that then lead on to considerations of key events in architectural, urban and visual culture over the past decade. Whether it be an eighteenth-century engraving that depicts a magnified drop of tap water as an alien planet swarming with monstrous creatures, an artwork showing a car with the silhouette of a building mounted on its roof, the covering up of a tapestry in the UN before a televised news conference, or a large-scale satellite image that is affixed to the basement floor of a public building, Dorrian shows how each artefact or event he examines is eloquent in its ability to problematise a larger set of relations beyond itself.
Tom Cruise
Authors: O’Donnell Ruth
Published: November 2019

Tom Cruise is a Hollywood superstar like no other. World famous since his debut in the 1980s, he remains among the highest paid actors. Why has his persona resonated so powerfully with millions of viewers? Using psychoanalytic theory, “Tom Cruise: Performing Masculinity in Post Vietnam Hollywood” demonstrates how his star persona sublimates anxieties about masculinity. Amid Reagan-era military jingoism and concern over declining industrial labour, he represented a new model of American masculinity based on white-collar upward mobility. Spanning blockbuster films such as Risky Business (1983), Jerry Maguire (1996) and the Mission: Impossible series (1996 - 2011), this book illustrates how his characters exemplify entrepreneurialism, charisma, technological gadgetry and verbal acuity to redefine male success. His newly emotive type - ‘help me help you’ - also successfully overcomes interpersonal conflicts with patriarchal authority and senior women in the workplace, and navigates race relations. The first scholarly study of Tom Cruise’s celebrity, this book surveys his entire career and builds on Richard Dyer’s ‘star theory.’

It develops the core dynamic of his star persona, a mix of projected character traits and ‘real life’ trivia or gossip, and establishes that his box office success reflects his persona’s ability to work through the psychodynamic preoccupations of his films. This exceptional appeal evolved, at times characterised by complicity with 1980s materialistic hedonism (Taps, 1981), male spectacle (Magnolia, 1999), or his use of martial technology (War of the Worlds, 2005), and their attendant psychic meanings. Recent shifts in American culture, however, in tandem with Tom Cruise’s growing evangelism for the Church of Scientology, may be threatening his appeal. Ultimately, this book offers a picture of how stars reflect the values and crises of their societies, and fills a substantial gap in scholarship on celebrity studies, critical cultural analysis, masculinity studies, and film theory.
Black Narcissus
Authors: Street Sarah
Published: November 2019

Black Narcissus, now heralded as a masterpiece, is a landmark film in the influential canon of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. With the centenary of Powell’s birth in 2005 this timely book - the first dedicated exclusively to the film - draws on archival documents, original set drawings and stills to demonstrate its remarkable achievements, both as a production and as a vehicle for ideas. Looking at the film’s enduring images of both place and gender, Sarah Street also examines Black Narcissus as a masterly technical accomplishment - with cinematographer Jack Cardiff’s experiments in Technicolor just one of its many advances - as well as a meditation on the end of empire. Looking too at the film’s controversial reception by international critics and censors, and its subsequent impact on experimental filmmakers, Street explores issues of technique, style, performance and interpretation to reveal the continued relevance of Black Narcissus today.
Political Animals
Authors: Mayer Sophie
Published: November 2019

Feminist filmmakers are hitting the headlines. The last decade has witnessed: the first Best Director Academy Award won by a woman; female filmmakers reviving, or starting, careers via analogue and digital television; women filmmakers emerging from Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Pakistan, South Korea, Paraguay, Peru, Burkina Faso, Kenya and The Cree Nation; a bold emergent trans cinema; feminist porn screened at public festivals; Sweden's A-Markt for films that pass the Bechdel Test; and Pussy Riot's online videos sending shockwaves around the world. A new generation of feminist filmmakers, curators and critics is not only influencing contemporary debates on gender and sexuality, but starting to change cinema itself, calling for a film world that is intersectional, sustainable, family-friendly and far-reaching. Political Animals argues that, forty years since Laura Mulvey's seminal essay 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' identified the urgent need for a feminist counter-cinema, this promise seems to be on the point of fulfilment.

Forty years of a transnational, trans-generational cinema has given rise to conversations between the work of now well-established filmmakers such as Abigail Child, Sally Potter and Agnes Varda, twenty-first century auteurs including Kelly Reichardt and Lucretia Martel, and emerging directors such as Sandrine Bonnaire, Shonali Bose, Zeina Daccache, and Hana Makhmalbaf. A new and diverse generation of British independent filmmakers such as Franny Armstrong, Andrea Arnold, Amma Asante, Clio Barnard, Tina Gharavi, Sally El Hoseini, Carol Morley, Samantha Morton, Penny Woolcock, and Campbell X join a worldwide dialogue between filmmakers and viewers hungry for a new and informed point of view. Lovely, vigorous and brave, the new feminist cinema is a political animal that refuses to be domesticated by the persistence of everyday sexism, striking out boldly to claim the public sphere as its own.
The Angry Buzz
Authors: Holland Patricia
Published: November 2019

Current affairs television in the UK, in more than half a century of programmes, has set out to tell us something we didn't know, treating its audience as citizens with the right to demand that 'something must be done'. Over their 36 year history, the current affairs series "This Week" and its replacement "TVEye", helped to mark out that democratic project. This is the story of "This Week", one of the few giants of the genre, set within the wider pattern of 'the angry buzz' of inquiry and dissent that is current affairs television. This is a particularly timely tale, now that many fear that current affairs may be an endangered species. Patricia Holland follows "This Week" from its beginnings in the 1950s as a light magazine programme with some serious moments, through the challenging programmes of the 1970s, which brought home the reality of poverty at home, famine in Africa and accusations of torture in Northern Ireland. The story continues right up to its demise in 1992, often blamed on its controversial programme "Death on the Rock" on the shooting of IRA terrorists in Gibraltar.

She shows how "This Week" covered the spectrum of public affairs and social issues in an uncompromising way, which regularly brought it into conflict with the authorities. She also brings to life people with a real sense of purpose and commitment and the realities of digging behind the headlines against a highly charged international political backdrop. "The Angry Buzz" also explores the development of current affairs journalism. It looks at the scope of the current affairs agenda; the practice of responsible journalism, while producing attractive programmes; regulation and public service television; 'tabloidisation' and dumbing down; and issues for women working within a genre largely dominated by men. This history of "This Week" and current affairs journalism is a live history, which does not remain in the past, but has a real purchase on the present – and the future.
The Queer Politics of Television
Authors: Chambers Samuel A
Published: November 2019

“The Queer Politics of Television” is a radical book, which brings together the fields of political theory and television studies. In one of the first books to do so, Samuel A. Chambers exposes and explores the cultural politics of television by treating television shows — including “Six Feet Under”, “Buffy the Vampire Slayer”, “Desperate Housewives”, “The L Word”, and “Big Love” — as serious, important texts and reading them in detail through the lens of queer theory. Chambers makes the case for the profound significance of ‘the cultural politics of television’: the way in which the text of a television show itself engages with the politics of its day. He argues for queer theory’s essential contribution to any understanding of the political, and initiates a larger project of queer television studies, treading the same path as queer film studies. This book makes an important and fresh contribution to queer theory and to the understanding of television as politics.
Joss Whedon, A Creative Portrait
Authors: Lavery David
Published: November 2019

Spring 2012 saw the return to creative and critical success of Joss Whedon, with the release of both his horror flick The Cabin in the Woods and the box-office sensation, Marvel's The Avengers. After establishing himself as a premier cult creator, the man who gave us great television with Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel, Firefly, Dollhouse and web series Dr Horrible's Sing-along Blog, as well as comic books including Fray and Astonishing X-Men, finally became the filmmaker he'd long dreamed of being. Drawing on a wide variety of sources and making use of psychologist Howard Gruber's insights into the nature of the creative process, Joss, A Creative Portrait offers the first intellectual biography of Whedon, tracking his career arc from activated fan boy to film studies major, third generation television writer, successful script doctor, innovative television auteur, beloved cult icon, sought-after collaborator, and major filmmaker with Marvel's The Avengers. Film and television scholar and Whedon expert David Lavery traces Whedon's multi-faceted magic from its source - the early influences of parents and teachers, comics, books, movies, collaborators - to its artistic incarnation.
TV Critics and Popular Culture
Authors: Rixon Paul
Published: November 2019

Ever since the first scheduled television broadcasts began in the 1930s, newspapers and magazines took quickly to reviewing this revolutionary new medium. The task of television criticism in the public doman intially fell to radio critics and journalists, but the 1950s saw the rise of the dedicated TV critic. These critics, including Peter Black, Philip Pursor and Clive James, played an important part in shaping the public discourse about television. This new book explores the evolution of television criticism in Britain, exploring different types of TV critics and reviewers, the form of their work, and evaluates their importance in our understanding of the way television has become such an integral part of modern culture. It also asks whether, with the birth of new technologies, is the TV critic a dying breed? This is an important contribution to the fields of Journalism and Television Studies, Cultural Studies, and contemporary History.
The Festival of Britain
Authors: Atkinson Harriet
Published: November 2019

The Festival of Britain in 1951 transformed the way people saw their war-ravaged nation. Giving Britons an intimate experience of contemporary design and modern building, it helped them accept a landscape under reconstruction, and brought hope of a better world to come. Drawing on previously unseen sketches and plans, photographs and interviews, The Festival of Britain: A Land and Its People travels beyond the Festival’s spectacular centrepiece at London’s South Bank, to show how the Festival made the whole country an exhibition ground with events to which hundreds of the country’s greatest architects, artists and designers contributed. It explores exhibitions in Poplar, Battersea and South Kensington in London; Belfast, Glasgow and Wales; a touring show carried on four lorries and another aboard an ex-aircraft carrier. It reveals how all these exhibitions and also plays, poetry, art and films commissioned for the Festival had a single focus: to unite ‘the land and people of Britain’.
Burnt by the Sun
Authors: Beumers Birgit
Published: November 2019

Nikita Mikhalkov’s film about the Stalin period has received wide attention inside and outside Russia, being shown at Cannes, winning an Oscar, and reaching cinemas worldwide. Mikhalkov is a fine and controversial director, and this “KINOfile” is a valuable introduction to his work. It investigates the production, context, and critical reception of the film, the people who made it, and provides an analysis of the film itself and its place in Russian and world cinema.
Living with Star Trek
Authors: Geraghty Lincoln
Published: November 2019

There is a wealth of literature on "Star Trek", and this book is a welcome and original contribution to it. The book not only sets "Star Trek" in dialogue with ideas and stories of utopia, community, self-improvement, that are central to American culture and history, but goes further to examine the ways in which these are taken up and used by 'ordinary' fans, who engage with "Star Trek" in complex and significant ways. Lincoln Geraghty explores, for example, "Star Trek's" multiple histories and how "Star Trek" has used the Puritan American Jeremiad, one of the nation's foundational texts to create a narrative that relates how through communal effort and personal change, utopia can be achieved. He discusses how fans define the series as a blueprint for the solution of such social problems in America as racism and war and shows how they have used the series to cope with personal trauma and relate to such characters as Data and Seven of Nine in moments of personal transformation. This is all in all an enjoyable and revealing book on "Star Trek's" active relationship with its many thoughtful fans.
A hydroclimatic model for the distribution of fire on Earth
Authors: Boer Matthias M. , Resco De Dios Víctor , Stefaniak Elisa Z. , Bradstock Ross A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The distribution of fire on Earth has been monitored from space for several decades, yet the geography of global fire regimes has proven difficult to reproduce from interactions of climate, vegetation, terrain and land use by empirical and process-based fire models. Here, we propose a simple, yet robust, model for global fire potential based on fundamental biophysical constraints controlling fire activity in all biomes. In our top-down approach we ignored the dynamics of individual fires and focus on capturing hydroclimatic constraints on the production and (seasonal) desiccation of fuels to predict the potential mean annual fractional burned area, here estimated by the 0.99 percentile of the observed mean annual fractional burned area (F0.99). We show that 80 % of the global variation in F0.99 can be explained from a combination of mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The proposed hydroclimatic model reproduced observed fire activity levels equally well across all biomes and provided the first objective underpinning for the dichotomy of global fire regimes in two domains characterised by either fuel production limitations on fire or fuel dryness limitations on fire. A sharp transition between the two climate-fire domains was found to occur at a mean annual aridity index of 1.9 (1.94 ± 0.02). Our model provides a simple but comprehensive basis for predicting fire potential under current and future climates, as well as an overarching framework for estimating effects of human activity via ignition regimes and manipulation of vegetation.
Common features of iodate to iodide reduction amongst a diverse range of marine phytoplankton
Authors: Hepach Helmke , Hughes Claire , Hogg Karen , Collings Susannah , Chance Rosie
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The reaction between ozone and iodide at the sea surface is now known to be an important part of atmospheric ozone cycling, causing ozone deposition and the release of ozone-depleting reactive iodine to the atmosphere. The importance of this reaction is reflected by its inclusion in chemical transport models (CTMs). Such models depend on accurate sea surface iodide fields but measurements are spatially and temporally limited. The ability to predict current and future sea surface iodide fields requires the development of process-based models which in turn require a thorough understanding of the key processes controlling inorganic iodine cycling. The aim of this study was to inform the development of ocean iodine cycling models by exploring if there are common features of iodate to iodide reduction amongst diverse marine phytoplankton. In order to achieve this, rates and patterns of changes in inorganic iodine speciation were determined in 10 phytoplankton cultures grown at ambient iodate concentrations. Where possible these data were analysed alongside results from previous studies. Iodate loss and some iodide production was observed in all cultures studied, confirming that this is a widespread feature amongst marine phytoplankton. We found no significant difference in log-phase, cell-normalised iodide production rates between key phytoplankton groups (diatoms, prymesiophytes including coccolithophores and phaeocystales) suggesting that a Phytoplankton Functional Type (PFT) approach would not be appropriate for building an ocean iodine cycling model. Iodate loss was greater than iodide formation in the majority of the cultures studied, indicating the presence of an as yet unidentified missing iodine fraction. Iodide yield at the end of the experiment was significantly greater in cultures that had reached a later senescence stage. This suggests that models should incorporate a lag between peak phytoplankton biomass and maximum iodide production, and that cell mortality terms in biogeochemical models could be used to parameterize iodide production.
The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5.0.3)
Authors: Swart Neil C. , Cole Jason N. S. , Kharin Viatcheslav V. , Lazare Mike , Scinocca John F. , Gillett Nathan P. , Anstey James , Arora Vivek , Christian James R. , Hanna Sarah , Jiao Yanjun , Lee Warren G. , Majaess Fouad , Saenko Oleg A. , Seiler Christian , Seinen Clint , Shao Andrew , Sigmond Michael , Solheim Larry , von Salzen Knut , Yang Duo , Winter Barbara
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5 (CanESM5) is a global
model developed to simulate historical climate change and variability, to
make centennial-scale projections of future climate, and to produce
initialized seasonal and decadal predictions. This paper describes the model
components and their coupling, as well as various aspects of model
development, including tuning, optimization, and a reproducibility strategy.
We also document the stability of the model using a long control simulation,
quantify the model's ability to reproduce large-scale features of the
historical climate, and evaluate the response of the model to external
forcing. CanESM5 is comprised of three-dimensional atmosphere (T63 spectral
resolution equivalent roughly to 2.8∘) and ocean (nominally 1∘) general
circulation models, a sea-ice model, a land surface scheme, and explicit
land and ocean carbon cycle models. The model features relatively coarse
resolution and high throughput, which facilitates the production of large
ensembles. CanESM5 has a notably higher equilibrium climate sensitivity
(5.6 K) than its predecessor, CanESM2 (3.7 K), which we briefly discuss, along
with simulated changes over the historical period. CanESM5 simulations
contribute to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6)
and will be employed for climate science and service applications in Canada.
Assessment of the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2.0) – Part 1: Description of selected key model elements and comparison to its predecessor version
Authors: Scholz Patrick , Sidorenko Dmitry , Gurses Ozgur , Danilov Sergey , Koldunov Nikolay , Wang Qiang , Sein Dmitry , Smolentseva Margarita , Rakowsky Natalja , Jung Thomas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The evaluation and model element description of the
second version of the unstructured-mesh Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean
Model (FESOM2.0) are presented. The new version of the model
takes advantage of the finite-volume approach, whereas its predecessor
version, FESOM1.4 was based on the finite-element approach. The model
sensitivity to arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) linear and nonlinear
free-surface formulation, Gent–McWilliams eddy parameterization, isoneutral Redi
diffusion and different vertical mixing schemes is documented. The
hydrographic biases, large-scale circulation, numerical performance and
scalability of FESOM2.0 are compared with its predecessor, FESOM1.4. FESOM2.0
shows biases with a magnitude comparable to FESOM1.4 and simulates a more
realistic Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Compared to its predecessor, FESOM2.0 provides clearly
defined fluxes and a 3 times higher throughput in terms of simulated
years per day (SYPD). It is thus the first mature global unstructured-mesh
ocean model with computational efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art
structured-mesh ocean models. Other key elements of the model and new
development will be described in follow-up papers.
Dynamics of Transport Infrastructure, Exports and Economic Growth in the United States
Authors: Tong Tingting , Yu T. Edward , Roberts Roland K.
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the dynamic relationships among transport infrastructure, exports and economic growth in the United States using a multivariate time-series analysis. Results suggest that the formation of highways and streets affects economic growth indirectly through enhancing the capital stock of non-transport infrastructure and crowding in private capital. The reverse causality from economic output to highway and street infrastructure is observed. Aggregate capital stock of non-transport infrastructure, excluding national defense, has sustainable positive effects on economic output and exports over a number of years. Empirical evidence also shows that highway and street infrastructure and non-transport infrastructure Granger cause exports.
Identifying Traffic Safety Practices and Needs of Local Transportation and Law Enforcement Agencies
Authors: Haleem Kirolos , Gan Albert , Alluri Priyanka , Saha Dibakar
Published: November 2019

As part of the effort to implement the Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP), state departments of transportation are looking to reach out to local and law enforcement agencies. This paper presents a study by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) to identify the existing safety practices and needs of local transportation agencies and law enforcement offices in Florida. Two comprehensive online surveys targeting local transportation agencies and law enforcement agencies are developed. The survey for local transportation agencies includes 39 questions on topics including standardization of crash analysis methods, training needs, and working with FDOT. For law enforcement agencies, the survey includes 25 questions covering topics on enforcement locations, traffic violations and safety campaigns, use of crash reports, and working with transportation agencies. Results from both surveys and lessons learned are discussed.
TRANSIMS Implementation for a Small Network and Comparison with Enhanced Four-Step Model
Authors: Jeihani Mansoureh , Ardeshiri Anam
Published: November 2019

Travel demand forecasting is a major tool to assist decision makers in transportation planning. While the conventional four-step trip-based approach is the dominant method to perform travel demand analysis, behavioral advances have been made in the past decade. This paper proposes and applies an enhancemnt to the four-step travel demand analysis model called Sub-TAZ. Furthermore, as an initial step toward activity-based models, a TRANSIMS Track-1 approach is implemented utilizing a detailed network developed in Sub-TAZ approach. The conventional four-step, Sub-TAZ, and TRANSIMS models were estimated in a small case study for Fort Meade, Maryland, with zonal trip tables. The models were calibrated and validated for the base year (2005), and the forecasted results for the year (2010) were compared to actual ground counts of traffic volume and speed. The study evaluated the forecasting ability of TRANSIMS versus the conventional and enhanced four-step models and provided critical observations concerning strategies for the further implementation of TRANSIMS.BACKGROUND Traffic pattern prediction is necessary for infrastructure improvement, and travel demand modeling provides tools to forecast travel patterns under various conditions. This modeling involves a series of mathematical equations that represent how people make travel choices. Traditional travel demand models use the four-step method, which was introduced in the 1950s and has been used widely in transportation planning. Although the four-step method has been practical in producing aggregate forecasts, it has some shortcomings. For example, in short-range planning networks, existing and newly constructed roads become congested much faster than forecasted (TRB 2007) and the performance of current four-step models is not always satisfactory. Additionally, these models are not behavioral in nature and as a result they are unable to represent the time chosen for travel, travelers’ responses to demand policies (e.g., toll roads, road pricing, and transit vouchers), non-motorized
A Comprehensive Assessment of Highway Inventory Data Collection Methods
Authors: Jalayer Mohammad , Zhou Huaguo , Gong Jie , Hu ShunFu , Grinter Mark
Published: November 2019

The implementation of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) at the state level has the potential to allow transportation agencies to proactively address safety concerns. However, the widespread utilization of HSM faces significant barriers as many state departments of transportations (DOTs) do not have sufficient HSM-required highway inventory data. Many techniques have been utilized by state DOTs and local agencies to collect highway inventory data for other purposes. Nevertheless, it is unknown which of these methods or any combination of them is capable of efficiently collecting the required dataset while minimizing cost and safety concerns. The focus of this study is to characterize the capability of existing methods for collecting highway inventory data vital to the implementation of the recently published HSM. More specifically, this study evaluated existing highway inventory methods through a nationwide survey and a field trial of identified promising highway inventory data collection (HIDC) methods on various types of highway segments. A comparative analysis was conducted to present an example on how to incorporate weights provided by state DOT stakeholders to select the most suitable HIDC method for the specific purpose.
The Effect of Governance Forms on North American Airport Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis of Airport Authority vs. Government Branch
Authors: Zhao Qi (Mia) , Choo Yap Yin , Oum Tae Hoon
Published: November 2019

This paper applies a stochastic cost frontier model to a panel of 54 major airports over 2002-2008 to examine how the two dominant governance forms of publicly owned airports in the United States and Canada, namely, operation and governance by a government (city, county, or state) branch, or by an airport authority, affect airport efficiency performance. Our key findings are (a) airports operated by an airport authority achieve higher cost efficiency (on average, 14% higher technical efficiency) than those operated by a government branch; (b) airports operated by a government branch have lower labor share than those operated by an airport authority; and (c) there is no statistically significant difference in the efficiency performance between airports operated by U.S. airport authorities and Canadian airport authorities.
A Simplified Method for Performance Evaluation of Public Transit Under Reneging Behavior of Passengers
Authors: Islam Md. Kamrul , Vandebona Upali , Dixit Vinayak K. , Sharma Ashish
Published: November 2019

This paper develops a model based on the Markov Chain technique to evaluate performance of a public transport route. The model addresses a special situation where a passenger left behind by a bus leaves the system without any further waiting to make an alternative travel arrangement. Such reneging behavior is indicative of an infinite penalty associated with further waiting from a passenger viewpoint. Apart from the theoretical derivations for the various attributes of interest, numerical examples to analyze the system performance (such as expected number of passengers served, expected number of abandoned passengers, and expected amount of unused space on the transit system) are presented. This provides insights for optimum selection of fleet size and size of vehicles