bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensibilidade do peixe Phalloceros caudimaculatus para os sais dicromato de potássio, nitrato de cádmio, nitrato de chumbo e sulfato de zinco
Authors: Rosa Nathaly Nunes da , Pereira Francisco Osvaldo Peres , Garcia John Felipe da Cruz , Nunes Lucineia Volter , Sanches Filho Pedro José
Published: March 2014

Neste estudo foi avaliada a sensibilidade do peixe Phalloceros caudimaculatus (guaru), para os sais dicromato de potássio, nitrato de cádmio, nitrato de chumbo e sulfato de zinco. Foi feito o teste da toxicidade aguda para encontrar o valor da CL50 96 h. Os peixes analisados foram recolhidos em córregos urbanos da cidade de Pelotas/RS. No laboratório os exemplares foram postos em aquário para sua adaptação e procriação. O ensaio da CL50 96h foi realizado em triplicata com 144 exemplares. Nos ensaios de toxicidade aguda para a CL50 96 h no guaruzinhu foi de 162,5 mg L-1 de dicromato de potássio, 29,47 mg L-1 de nitrato de cádmio, 15,52 mg L-1 de nitrato de chumbo e 62,82 mg L-1 de sulfato de zinco .
Bioacumulação de cádmio, chumbo, cromo e níquel no molusco Mytella falcata (ORBIGNY, 1846) do estuário urbano da Bacia do Pina, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Rafael Augusto A. Ribeiro da , Lacerda Sâmia Dayana Lemos de , Mota Adriane Mendes Vieira
Published: March 2014

Considerados como uma zona de transição da interface continente-oceano, os estuários possuem importante função para os demais ecossistemas costeiros. Desempenham papel fundamental na manutenção da produção pesqueira, incluindo invertebrados e vertebrados, como fonte expressiva de recurso econômico e alimentar para as populações que sobrevivem em seu entorno. Associados ao crescimento populacional desordenado se desenvolvem graves problemas de desequilíbrio ambiental na região estuarina, provocados pela deficiente gestão sanitária de águas residuais domésticas, disposição incorreta de efluentes industriais e uso descontrolado de agrotóxicos em cultivares que são carreados para os rios. A utilização de biomonitores de poluição se apresenta como uma ferramenta na determinação e controle de poluentes nos diversos ecossistemas. Concentrações dos elementos-traço cádmio, chumbo, cromo e níquel foram determinadas nos tecidos moles de espécimes do molusco Mytella falcata (Orbigny, 1846), popularmente conhecido como sururu, através de espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS). O consumo de alimentos com os níveis de elementos traço acima do permitido pela legislação pode ocasionar em efeitos tóxicos e, consequentemente, provocar danos à saúde humana. A concentração média de cromo encontrada, 0,42505 ppm, apresentou-se acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira vigente que é de 0,1 ppm (BRASIL, 1965).
Bioensaio da Vernonia condensata Baker
Authors: Caribé Rebeka Alves , Cavalcanti Karen Pena de Souza , Souza Ivone Antonia de , Silva Elisangela Christhianne Barbosa da , Silva Evandro Valentim da , Santos Flávia Cassia Maria dos
Published: March 2014

A Vernonia condensata Baker, conhecida como falso boldo, é uma das espécies mais usada na medicina popular. É encontrado nas Regiões do Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Sudeste, tem propriedades analgésica, sedativa, anti-ulcerogênica, anti-bacteriana, antifúngica e digestiva vem sendo testada como antitumoral. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade aguda a e atividade antitumoral, frente ao Carcinoma de Ehrlich, do extrato hexânico, em camudongos albinos Swiss, da espécie Mus Musculus, fêmeas. Para o ensaio de toxicidade aguda foram utilizadas doses 1000, 2000, 2500, e 3000 mg/kg de peso corpóreo, administrados por via intraperitoneal (VIP) das quais não observado óbito em nenhuma das doses testadas. Em relação aos sinais de toxicidade observados destacamos o efeito depressor. A atividade antitumaral administrada por via intraperitoneal foi realizada segundo a metodologia do (Geram et.al 1972), a dose de 50 mg/kg de peso corpóreo. O extrato de Vernonia condensata, apresentou resultados significativos com 76,25 % de inibição tumoral no grupo de animais tratados, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Os resultados acima apresentado do vegetal Vernonia condensata, demonstrou um potencial antineoplásico continuidade às investigações.
Contaminação do meio ambiente através do mercúrio decorrente dos consultórios odontológicos
Authors: Bezerra Jardeson Joaquim , Melo Alison Mendes Silva de , Silva Evandro Valentim da
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estudar o impacto da contaminação do meio ambiente decorrente de resíduos produzidos e mal armazenados dos materiais odontológicos que contem mercúrio. Dentre as principais fontes de contaminação do meio ambiente no consultório odontológico o de grande destaque é o amalgama dental que possui mercúrio em sua composição, no qual a porcentagem de mercúrio vária de 43 % a 53 %. Descartes inadequados dos resíduos de amálgama dentário contribuem para a contaminação dos compartimentos ambientais possibilitando tanto uma exposição ocupacional quanto ambiental pelo mercúrio. O metilmercúrio entra na cadeia alimentar através da rápida difusão e forte ligação com as proteínas da biota aquática, atingindo sua concentração máxima em tecidos de peixes do topo da cadeia alimentar aquática devido à biomagnificação. Sintomas como cansaço, depressão, irritabilidade, vertigens, enfraquecimento da memória, inflamações bucais, diarreia, perda de apetite e catarro crônico foram identificados em pacientes com restaurações em amalgama. Foi realizado cálculos estimando que para cada obturação houve descarte de 0,3 g de mercúrio. Supondo que um dentista clínico confeccione 30 obturações de amálgama por mês, chegou-se a valores impactantes. Esse dentista produziria 18 g de resíduos de amálgama por mês e 216 g por ano, o que significa 9 g de mercúrio mensais e 108 g de mercúrio descartados no meio ambiente em um ano. Projetando esse valor para 10 anos, serão 1.080 kg (1,08 toneladas) de mercúrio despejados no meio ambiente como resíduos de obturações de amálgama confeccionadas por apenas 1.000 dentistas. Usualmente, recomenda-se o armazenamento dos resíduos de amálgama em recipientes bem tampados contendo água, solução fixadora de radiografias ou glicerina em seu interior, sendo essa última substância a mais eficiente na contenção dos vapores de mercúrio provenientes dos resíduos. Posteriormente, esses resíduos devem ser encaminhados para reciclagem. O fato de o mercúrio ser um dos metais com um forte poder acumulativo nos seres vivos leva-o a ser um potente agente para contaminação ocupacional e ambiental. O seu uso em consultórios odontológicos devem ser de extremo cuidado, principalmente no momento de armazenamento das sobras e do descarte deste material. Deve ser evitada a remoção desnecessária das restaurações em amalgamas. E preferir o emprego das resinas fotopolimerizáveis em restaurações que sejam favoráveis ao uso destas.
Caracterização preliminar da carga de metais traços transportadas pelo Canal Santa Bárbara destinando ao Canal São Gonçalo, Pelotas (RS) Brasil
Authors: Garcia John Felipe da Cruz , Tessmann Clarice , Sanches Filho Pedro José , Rosa Nathaly Nunes da , Nunes Lucineia Volter
Published: March 2014

O presente trabalho determinou os teores dos metais cromo (Cr), chumbo (Pb) e zinco (Zn) em amostras de sedimento transportadas do canal Santa Bárbara para o do canal São Gonçalo. As amostras de sedimentos secas sofreram digestão com a água régia e o ácido perclórico, sendo seus extratos analisados por espectrofotometria de absorção em chama. O s resultados revelaram níveis de Chumbo de 108,8 mg kg-1±8,9% mg kg-1 Valor acima do qual efeito adverso à vida aquática é esperado. Também foram quantificado Cr e o Zn estando o Cr acima do TEL - threshold effect level.
Methods of hygiene and safety in food marketing influencing in the human health and environmental
Authors: Silva Paloma De Andrade , Arruda Guilherme Matheus Pessoa de , Pereira Danillo Guilherme Rangel , Santos Natália Fernandes dos , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos , Sousa Giane Maria Guedes de
Published: March 2014

In recent years, the study of food and its ability to interference in human and environmental health has grown up. Given the social parameters, the man fits the food your way, submitting the forms of obtaining and preparation that differ across the centuries. The objective was to observe the methods of hygiene, preservation and marketing of food in Centro de Abastecimento e Logística de Pernambuco (CEASA) in order to raise the risk that the absence of the methods mentioned can lead to human and environmental health. We performed a collection of informative data through interviews with traders and tenants on obtaining, handling, marketing, storage and disposal techniques in food supply structures as well as the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the respondents. Reports from traders claim that working conditions were not as expected, because the government does not provide ways for improvement. The facilities which were held marketing offering these products were worn risks to the health of both vendors and buyers. The government interference is minimal as the education of workers. The results indicated that it is necessary to implement a guidance through government programs encouraging vendors and micro entrepreneurs to receive, store, sell and dispose of their goods appropriately, as well as entrepreneurial measures linked to reforms and infrastructure in the CEASA are badly needed as an important factor in the purchase.
Inductively coupled plasma etching of hafnium–indium–zinc oxide using chlorine based gas mixtures
Authors: Choi Yong-Hee , Jang Ho-Kyun , Jin Jun-Eon , Joo Min-Kyu , Piao Mingxing , Shin Jong Mok , Kim Jae-Sung , Na Junhong , Kim Gyu Tae
Published: March 2014

We report the etching characteristics of a stacked hafnium–indium–zinc oxide (HIZO) with a photoresist using the gas mixture of chlorine and argon (Cl2/Ar). The etching behaviors of HIZO have been investigated in terms of a source power, a bias power and a chamber pressure. As the concentration of Cl2 was increased compared to pure Ar, the etch rate of HIZO film was found slightly different from that of indium–zinc oxide (IZO) film. Moreover, to investigate the etching mechanism systematically, various inspections were carried out such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depending on the portion of Cl2. Additionally, we compared the etching mechanism of HIZO film with IZO film to confirm the difference of chemical bonds caused by the influence of hafnium doping.
Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy of Ce:Gd3Al2Ga3O12 crystals
Authors: Satoh Azusa , Kitaura Mamoru , Kamada Kei , Ohnishi Akimasa , Sasaki Minoru , Hara Kazuhiko
Published: March 2014

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Ce-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (Ce:GAGG) crystal have been measured at various temperatures under Ce3+ 4f → 5d excitation. All time-resolved PL spectra show only a Ce3+ 5d → 4f band around 2.3 eV. Decay curves of this band consist of a fast and slow components. The temperature dependence of integrated intensities of the fast and slow components are analyzed by considering nonradiative processes starting from the ground level of an electron trap. From the results of analysis, we discuss relaxation processes of 5d electrons created under Ce3+ 4f → 5d excitation.
Growth of thick InGaN layers by tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Hirasaki Takahide , Asano Kazuma , Banno Mizuki , Ishikawa Masato , Sakuma Fumiaki , Murakami Hisashi , Kumagai Yoshinao , Koukitu Akinori
Published: March 2014

This is the first study to report InGaN growth by tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy (THVPE) using InCl3 and GaCl3 generated by the reactions between metal sources (i.e., metallic indium and gallium) and gaseous chlorine. The influence of the surface orientation of the initial substrate on InGaN-THVPE growth was investigated using freestanding (0001) and

GaN substrates. Only a N-polar InGaN epitaxial layer was obtained by THVPE because of the instability of GaCl3 adsorption toward nitrogen atoms on the Ga-polar surface. In addition, we investigated the influence of the group-III input partial pressure on the growth rate and solid composition of InGaN layers grown on a

GaN substrate. The growth rate increased linearly with group-III concentration, and a maximum growth rate of 15.6 µm/h was achieved at P
III = 2.0 × 10−3 atm.
Bipolar Junction Transistor
Authors: Cressler John D.
Published: March 2014

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the first transistor to be commercially produced, and remains important for a broad class of applications. This chapter presents an overview of the BJT, including how it is made, how it operates, as well as both current and future directions, including the silicon‐germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT).
Iron‐Based Superconductors,
SmFeAsO

1−
x

F

x
Authors: FUJIOKA MASAYA
Published: March 2014

Since the discovery of layered iron‐based LaFeAsO

1−
x

F

x

, a series of iron‐based superconductors has been reported. The five main types of iron‐based superconductors are 1111, 122, 111, 11, and 21113 systems. The name relates to the coefficients of the chemical formula. A notable point of iron‐based superconductors is that the conducting layers include iron elements, and it had been originally thought that ferromagnetic elements were unsuitable for superconductivity. In the Introduction, the history of superconductivity from the first superconductor, mercury, to the iron‐based superconductors is described. In the “Family of Iron‐Based Superconductor” section, the 1111, 122, 111, 11, and 21113 systems of superconductors are introduced. In particular, the effects of chemical doping and applied pressure on each type of iron‐based superconductor are explained in detail. In the section titled, “Relationship Between the Atomic Structure of Iron‐Based Superconductors and the Superconducting Transition Temperatures,” the relationship between the atomic structure of iron‐based superconductors and superconducting transition temperature is discussed. In this relationship, SmFeAsO

1−
x

F

x

has suitable conditions for obtaining a high superconducting transition temperature. Actually, it has the current record superconducting transition temperature of the iron‐based superconductors. In the section titled, “Detailed Superconducting Properties of Polycrystalline Sm‐1111,” the details of SmFeAsO

1−
x

F

x

are described from basic properties to wire fabrication. In this material, how to introduce a high level of fluorine into the oxygen sites is the most important factor in improving the superconducting transition temperature. Furthermore, the effect of metal addition has been observed by indium, lead, and tin. Each metal addition enhances each different superconducting property. By improving basic properties and discovery of new insights, the superconducting properties of wires and tapes are gradually improving toward practical use.
Envelope Tracking Techniques Applied to a Fully Monolithic Silicon‐BasedRFPower Amplifier System
Authors: LIE DONALD Y.C. , LI YAN , LOPEZ JERRY
Published: March 2014

This article presents a detailed design example of applying envelope tracking (ET) techniques on a highly monolithic silicon‐based radio‐frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) to form a high‐efficiency and low‐cost ET‐PA system. An envelope‐tracked SiGe cascode PA with an integrated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) envelope modulator for mobile WiMAX and 3GPP long‐term evolution (LTE) transmitters (TXs) is shown in this work. The entire ET‐based RF PA system delivers the linear output power of 22.3/24.3 dBm with the overall power‐added efficiency (PAE) of 33%/42% at 2.4 GHz for the WiMAX 64QAM and the 3GPP LTE 16QAM modulations, respectively. Additionally, it exhibits a highly efficient broadband characteristic for multiband applications. Compared with the conventional fixed‐supply cascode PA, our ET‐based cascode PA meets the WiMAX/LTE spectral mask and error vector magnitude (EVM) spec at close to itsP1dBcompression without the need for predistortion. The SiGe PA and the CMOS envelope modulator are both designed and fabricated in the TSMC 0.35‐μm SiGe bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) process on the same die. This work represents an essential integration step toward achieving a fully monolithic ET‐based TX for wideband wireless applications.
Supramolecular Solvents in the Analytical Process
Authors: López‐Jiménez Francisco J. , Lunar María L. , Sicilia María D. , Rubio Soledad
Published: March 2014

Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) have been long recognized as outstanding extractants in analytical processes. In addition to their remarkable properties for solubilization of a number of polar and apolar compounds using minute volumes of solvent, they can be tailored at will and produced spontaneously at reduced cost. Although not enough effort has been devoted to the synthesis of new solvents and elucidation of their structure, important progress has been performed in the past decade to the development of new formats and the coupling to different detection systems. This article gives an overview of the state of art of how solvents are produced, their capability for extraction and concentration, the formats used, the strategies developed to make SUPRASs compatible with a number of detection systems, and major applications reported on the extraction of metals and organic compounds in the biological, environmental, and agrifood areas.
Jury Instructions on Expert Testimony
Authors: DesPortes Betty Layne
Published: March 2014

Jury instructions are a fundamental part of the justice system, providing jurors with guidance on the legal concepts necessary to resolving a case. Although expert testimony is frequently an important portion of the evidence in a case, pattern jury instructions rarely provide more than minimal guidance on the issue of expert testimony. Few jurisdictions instruct jurors on the factors to be considered in properly determining the value of the expert testimony, with the majority of jurisdictions emphasizing that expert testimony should be evaluated in the same manner as lay witness testimony. Consistent with existing professional standards and legal commentary, judges and lawyers should develop more informative instructions that provide jurors with specific factors that affect the reliability and value of the expert opinion testimony.
Interpretation: Printed Document Examination and Evidence
Authors: Mazzella Williams D. , Biedermann Alex
Published: March 2014

The literature dealing with the interpretation of results of examinations performed on “printed” documents is very limited. The absence of published literature reflects the absence of formal guidelines to help scientists assess the relationship between a questioned document and a particular printing technology. Generally, every printout, independent of the printing technology, may bear traces induced by characteristics of manufacture and/or acquired features of the printing device. A logical approach to help the scientist in the formal interpretation of such findings involves the consideration of a likelihood ratio. Three examples aim to show the application of this approach.
Firearms: General
Authors: Heard Brian
Published: March 2014

This article gives an overview of the work of a forensic firearms examiner, including his work at the scene, during the postmortem, and in the laboratory.
Label‐Free Cell‐Based Dynamic Mass Redistribution Assays
Authors: Gitschier Hannah J. , Bergeron Audrey B. , Randle David H.
Published: March 2014

Label‐free cell‐based assays offer a powerful approach to drug discovery and compound profiling for endogenously expressed receptors in a variety of cell types, including primary and stem cells. Dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) responses in whole cells following receptor stimulation provide phenotypic activity profiles that are readily amenable to evaluation of compound pharmacology. Protocols are provided in this unit to obtain DMR response profiles in adherent and suspension cells, and then to use known tool compounds to delineate the biology of the underlying signaling pathways from the information‐rich kinetic traces that are recorded. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 6:39‐51 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
White Polymer Light‐Emitting Devices for Solid‐State Lighting: Materials, Devices, and Recent Progress
Authors: Ying Lei , Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Wu Hongbin , Cao Yong , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: March 2014

White polymer light‐emitting devices (WPLEDs) have become a field of immense interest in both scientific and industrial communities. They have unique advantages such as low cost, light weight, ease of device fabrication, and large area manufacturing. Applications of WPLEDs for solid‐state lighting are of special interest because about 20% of the generated electricity on the earth is consumed by lighting. To date, incandescent light bulbs (with a typical power efficiency of 12–17 lm W−1) and fluorescent lamps (about 40–70 lm W−1) are the most widely used lighting sources. However, incandescent light bulbs convert 90% of their consumed power into heat while fluorescent lamps contain a small but significant amount of toxic mercury in the tube, which complicates an environmentally friendly disposal. Remarkably, the device performances of WPLEDs have recently been demonstrated to be as efficient as those of fluorescent lamps.

Here, we summarize the recent advances in WPLEDs with special attention paid to the design of novel luminescent dopants and device structures. Such advancements minimize the gap (for both efficiency and stability) from other lighting sources such as fluorescent lamps, light‐emitting diodes based on inorganic semiconductors, and vacuum‐deposited small‐molecular devices, thus rendering WPLEDs equally competitive as these counterparts currently in use for illumination purposes.
Light wave driven electron dynamics in clusters
Authors: Varin Charles , Peltz Christian , Brabec Thomas , Fennel Thomas
Published: March 2014

The dynamics of solid‐density nanoplasmas driven by intense lasers takes place in the strongly‐coupled plasma regime, where collisions play an important role. The microscopic particle‐in‐cell method has enabled the complete classical electromagnetic description of these processes. The theoretical foundation of the approach and its relation to existing methods are reviewed. Selected applications to laser cluster processes are presented that have been inaccessible to numerical simulation so far.
Novel thermosensitive hydrogel composites based on poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles embedded in poly(n‐isopropyl acrylamide) with sustained drug‐release behavior
Authors: Baghaei Bahareh , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Wagenknecht Udo , Heinrich Gert
Published: March 2014

To reach sustained drug release, a new composite drug‐delivery system consisting of poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels was developed. The PNIPAAm hydrogels were synthesized by free‐radical polymerization and were crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and the PLGA NPs were prepared by a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double‐emulsion solvent‐evaporation method. The release behavior of the composite hydrogels loaded with albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate was studied and compared with that of the drug‐loaded neat hydrogel and PLGA NPs. The results indicate that we could best control the release rate of the drug by loading it to the PLGA NPs and then embedding the whole system in the PNIPAAm hydrogels. The developed composite hydrogel systems showed near zero‐order drug‐release kinetics along with a reduction or omission of initial burst release. The differential scanning calorimetry results reveal that the lower critical solution temperature of the developed composite systems remained almost unchanged (<1°C increase only). Such a characteristic indicated that the thermosensitivity of the PNIPAAm hydrogel was not distinctively affected by the addition of PLGA NPs. In conclusion, an approach was demonstrated for the successful preparation of a new hybrid hydrogel system having improved drug‐release behavior with retained thermosensitivity. The developed systems have enormous potential for many biotechnological applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40625.
Ground‐penetrating Radar and Geological Study of the Kudruküla Stone Age Archaeological Site, Northeast Estonia
Authors: Tšugai Alina , Plado Jüri , Jõeleht Argo , Kriiska Aivar , Mustasaar Mario , Raig Hanna , Risberg Jan , Rosentau Alar
Published: March 2014

A combined ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), drilling and diatom survey was carried out in order to characterize formation of the Kudruküla Stone Age Comb Ware archaeological site, northeast Estonia. A few decades ago a cultural layer was discovered, located within fine‐grained sands of the right bank of the Kudruküla Stream an altitude of 1.25–1.60 m above sea level. The layer is 15–35 cm thick and composed of poorly sorted sand of intensive reddish colour with abundant arte‐ and ecofacts, human bones, burned hearthstones and charcoal pieces. Artefacts, in particular pottery, are well preserved and frequently present as large pieces. The Kudruküla site holds an exceptional position among other Stone Age coastal settlements in that it is not located directly on top of beach ridges, but is buried under ~3 m of sand. When the Kudruküla settlement existed the level of the Litorina Sea was ~6 m above present sea level, which is ~4.5 m above the present location of the cultural layer. The current research is used to describe the geological structure of the area to provide a perspective on the history of the cultural material, and reveals that the cultural material is not restricted to one layer/lens only because it is irregularly and widely distributed within the sands of Kudruküla. The GPR and diatom analyses show that the Kudruküla cultural material is redeposited, because it occurs within an ancient point‐bar succession of a (Narva) river meander. Originally, the dwelling site had been located on top of the Narva‐Jõesuu sandy coastal ridges, which subsequently suffered erosion and the sand resedimented at the Kudruküla location. Good preservation of the cultural items shows that, after redeposition, they were buried fast, probably within a year. The present Kudruküla stream has cut into the floodplain of the ancient (Narva) river to expose the redeposited layer/lens. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roswitha Dubach, Verhütungspolitik. Sterilisation im Spannungsfeld von Psychiatrie, Gesellschaft und individuellen Interessen in Zürich (1890–1970)
Authors: Schmuhl Hans‐Walter
Published: March 2014

Zürich: Chronos Verlag 2013. 351 S., br., ill., € 39,50. ISBN 978‐3‐0340‐1134‐1.
Henning Schmidgen, Bruno Latour, 2. verbesserte und ergänzte Auflage, (zur Einführung; 380)
Authors: Mayer Andreas
Published: March 2014

Hamburg: Junius 2013. 216 S., br., € 14,90. ISBN 978‐3‐88506‐680‐4.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical Synthesis of Mo—Sn Oxide Cage‐Bell Hybrid Structures with Superior Lithium Storage.
Authors: Guo Hong , Liu Lixiang , Li Tingting , Chen Weiwei , Wang Yapeng , Wang Wei
Published: March 2014

MoO3‐SnO2@C oxide cage‐bell hybrid nanoparticle aggregates are prepared by a facile Ostwald ripening via solvothermal alcoholysis of SnCl2 and (NH4)6Mo7O24, and sucrose in a mixture of EtOH and glycerol (180 °C, 6‐48 h) followed by drying (60 °C, 12 h) and thermal oxidation (400 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered Mesoporous Carbon‐MoO2 Nanocomposite as High Performance Anode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Lee Ilbok , Lee Chul Wee , Park Han Soo , Son Hyungbin , Yoon Songhun
Published: March 2014

Ordered mesoporous carbon—MoO2 nanocomposites are synthesized based on tri‐constituent co‐assembly using MoCl5, resols, and a commercial tri‐block copolymer F127.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Perovskite CaMnO3 as an Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Li—O2 Batteries.
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Hu Yuxiang , Yang Jingang , Cheng Fangyi , Chen Jun
Published: March 2014

Nanoporous CaMnO3 nanoparticles are prepared by a sol—gel method from aqueous mixtures of Ca(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, citric acid, and ethylene glycol followed by heating the obtained gel at 400 °C for 2 h and at 900 °C for 3 h in air.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Aluminoborate Open‐Framework [In(dien)2] [Al2B7O16H2] with Large Chiral Cavities Templated by Chiral Main Group Metal Complexes.
Authors: Cheng Lin , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: March 2014

The title compound (dien: diethylenetriamine) is prepared by solvothermal reaction of Al(O‐iPr)3, H3BO3, and In(O‐iPr)3 in a 1:1:6 solution of dien, H2O, and Py (autoclave, 180 °C, 7 d; 32% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Nonanuclear Hafnium Oxide—Hydroxide—Sulfate Cluster Crystallized from Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Kalaji A. , Soderholm L.
Published: March 2014

Single crystals of (NH4)14 [Hf9O8(OH)6(SO4)14] ·nH2O (n ≅ 12.5) are grown by heating an aqueous solution of HfOCl2, (NH4)2SO4, and H2SO4 (pH 0.93, sealed glass vial, 80 °C, 10 d; 54% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Cyclization of Tertiary Amines and Alkenes Promoted by KOt‐Bu—DMF.
Authors: Chen Yan‐yan , Zhang Xue‐jing , Yuan Hui‐min , Wei Wen‐tao , Yan Ming
Published: March 2014

The 6‐endo‐cyclization of substrates (VI) and (VIII) gives rise to corresponding tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, whilst the reaction of substrate (XI) leads to indoline (XII) as a result of a 5‐exo‐cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of a Twinned Alanine Ester.
Authors: Chin Jik , Kwon Soon Ho , Moozeh Kimia , So Soon Mog , Lough Alan J. , Kim B. Moon
Published: March 2014

The reaction between enantiopure diamine (I) and methyl pyruvate (II) gives the diaza‐Cope rearrangement product (III) in good yield and with excellent stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free PdCl2‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Arylboronic Acids and Olefins under Reusable TBAB/H2O Conditions.
Authors: Tang Bo‐Xiao , Fang Xiao‐Niu , Kuang Ren‐Yun , Hu Rong‐Hua , Wang Ji‐Wei , Li Ping , Li Xiao‐hang
Published: March 2014

The aqueous solution containing the catalytic system can be recycled and reused with only moderate loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Control by a Catalyst Switch in Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylallylation of Arylethylidene Malononitriles.
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Xiaoqiang , Feng Xiujuan , Liu Hesong , He Ren , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming
Published: March 2014

The regioselectivity of benzylallylation reactions of substrates (I) and (V) is completely overturned with Pd(PPh3)4 used as catalyst instead of Pd‐nanoparticles, generated in situ from Pd2(dba)3 and Bu4NBr.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation of Diazoesters by a Transient N—H Insertion Organocascade.
Authors: Auvil Tyler J. , So Sonia S. , Mattson Anita E.
Published: March 2014

A unique urea‐catalyzed transient N‐H insertion organocascade gives rise to double arylation of nitrodiazoesters (I) and (V), enabling the preparation of a large family of unsymmetric α,α‐diaryl esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,5‐Disubstituted (E)‐Pent‐2‐en‐4‐yn‐1‐ones.
Authors: Golovanov A. A. , Latypova D. R. , Bekin V. V. , Pisareva V. S. , Vologzhanina A. V. , Dokichev V. A.
Published: March 2014

16 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Spiro[cyclopent[3]ene‐1,3′‐indoles]s and Tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]indoles from 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles Through Sigmatropic Rearrangement.
Authors: Chakraborty Amrita , Goswami Koushik , Adiyala Akhila , Sinha Surajit
Published: March 2014

Pd‐Catalyzed reaction of o‐alkynylanilines (I) and (V) with 3,4‐dichloro‐1‐butane (II) provides 3‐(chlorobutenyl) substituted indoles (III) and (VI) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rearrangement of tert‐Butylperoxides for the Construction of Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Zheng Xiaojian , Lu Shenglin , Li Zhiping
Published: March 2014

The TfOH‐catalyzed rearrangement of tert‐butyl peroxides of type (I) is developed to construct 2,3‐disubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of Isatin‐Derived Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Trifluoropyruvate Catalyzed by Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Zhong Neng‐Jun , Wei Feng , Xuan Qing‐Qing , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Chen Yong‐Jun
Published: March 2014

The 3‐oxa‐spirooxindole products (III) are obtained in good to excellent yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities using a β‐isocinchonine‐derived organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Sequential C,N‐Difunctionalization of 1,4‐Naphthoquinone for the Synthesis of Benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐diones under Base‐Free Condition.
Authors: Sun Jin‐Wei , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Liu Yun
Published: March 2014

The title reaction proceeds for a broad substrate scope with high atom economy and can be performed on gram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Mediated Oxidative C—O Bond Formation for the Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles from Aldehydes and Hydrazides.
Authors: Yu Wenquan , Huang Gang , Zhang Yueteng , Liu Hongxu , Dong Lihong , Yu Xuejun , Li Yujiang , Chang Junbiao
Published: March 2014

Coupling of aldehydes and hydrazides followed by I2‐mediated cyclization offers a simple, convenient, and environmentally friendly method to prepare symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted oxadiazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of 2‐Ethynylanilines with Isocyanides: Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Halo‐2‐aminoquinolines.
Authors: Liu Bifu , Gao Hanling , Yu Yue , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: March 2014

The title reaction provides a new method to prepare a wide range of 4‐halo‐2‐aminoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Intermolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions of Isoquinolone Mediated by a Chiral Hydrogen‐Bonding Template.
Authors: Coote Susannah C. , Bach Thorsten
Published: March 2014

Functionalized fused cyclobutane products are obtained effectively at low temperature in the presence of a chiral hydrogen‐bonding template with excellent regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzoxazinones by Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Anthranilic Acids and Isocyanides.
Authors: Vlaar Tjoestil , Orru Romano V. A. , Maes Bert U. W. , Ruijter Eelco
Published: March 2014

The presented scalable reaction does not work for anthranilic acids bearing NO2, I, OH, or COOH substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Some Novel 1,3,5‐Triazine—Schiff Base Conjugates as Potential Antimycobacterial Agents.
Authors: Avupati Vasudeva Rao , Yejella Rajendra Prasad , Parala Venkateswara Rao , Killari Kishore Naidu , Papasani Venkata Madhava Reddy , Cheepurupalli Prasad , Gavalapu Venkateswara Rao , Boddeda Bhavani
Published: March 2014

Compounds (IIIb), (IIIc), and (IIIh) are found to exhibit significant antimycobacterial activity when compared to antitubercular drugs such as ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Study for the Stereochemistry of the Atherton—Todd Reaction.
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Zhou Yongbo , Zhao Changqiu , Goto Midori , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Han Li‐Biao
Published: March 2014

The stereochemistry of H‐phosphinates with different nucleophiles (amines, alcohols, phenols, and mercaptanes) under Atherton—Todd reaction conditions is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Clavilactone A (IV) and (‐)‐Clavilactone B (III) by Ring‐Opening/Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Takao Ken‐ichi , Nanamiya Ryuki , Fukushima Yuuki , Namba Ayumi , Yoshida Keisuke , Tadano Kin‐ichi
Published: March 2014

The key step of this synthesis is the one‐pot transformation of the strained cyclobutenecarboxylate (I) into γ‐butenolide (II) via ring‐opening/ring‐closing metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Amino‐3‐carbethoxythiophene and Related Compounds
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed
Published: March 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers of Marine Natural Products
Authors: Martin Tomas , Padron Juan I. , Martin Victor S.
Published: March 2014

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanopyridines
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Berghot Moged A. , El Ghani Ghada E. Abd , Khalil Abd El‐Galil M.
Published: March 2014

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Exploitation of AZADO: The Highly Active Catalyst for Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: March 2014

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐C(sp3)—H Functionalization of Amines
Authors: Qin Yan , Lv Jian , Luo Sanzhong
Published: March 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Pyrenes by Indirect Methods
Authors: Casas‐Solvas Juan M. , Howgego Joshua D. , Davis Anthony P.
Published: March 2014

Review: 124 refs.
Discrimination of Soils and Assessment of Soil Fertility Using Information from an Ion Selective Electrodes Array and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Mimendia Aitor , Gutiérrez Juan M. , Alcañiz Josep M. , del Valle Manel
Published: March 2014

Multichannel sensor measurements combined with advanced treatment is the departure point for a new concept in sensorics, the electronic tongue. Our setup worked with an array of 20 ion selective electrodes plus an artificial neural network used as a pattern recognition method applied to soil analysis. With this design, we got a versatile tool which was able to perform qualitative and quantitative determinations. As first application, the qualitative discrimination between six distinct soil types based on their extractable components was attempted. The procedure was simplified to a single extraction step before measurements. Water, a BaCl2 saline solution and an acetic acid extract were evaluated as extracting agents. The best performance was reached with the acetic acid extraction method with a correct classification rate and sensitivity both of 94%, and a specificity of 100%. In addition, a quantitative determination of several physicochemical properties of agricultural interest, such as organic carbon content and selected cations (like K+ or Mg2+) and anions (like NO3− or Cl−) was also demonstrated, showing satisfactory agreement with the reference methods.
The Direct Synthesis of Graphene on a Gallium Nitride Substrate
Authors: Ding Xuli , Sun Hong , Gu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2014

The experimental results of the direct deposition of graphene films on a gallium nitride (GaN)/sapphire substrate by catalyst‐free atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD are presented. The quality and thickness of the synthesized samples can be controlled by the growth conditions. The prepared graphene/GaN samples show excellent optical transparency especially in the visible and infrared wavebands. The electrical transport properties are studied in the temperature range 4–300 K. The results indicate an advance step towards graphene‐based applications in microelectronics and optoeletronics.
An improved method for determining the phosphorus content in vegetable oils
Authors: Chen Bin , Xiao Xia , Li Rong , Zhao Wanli , Yang Kaidi , Chen Guoliang , Ma Xiaoxun
Published: March 2014

During pretreatment process for oil sample, charring and ashing processes of oil in AOCS Official Method Ca 12‐55 were improved. Oil was pretreated with concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide instead of zinc oxide. As a result, soluble phosphate was obtained in a short time, the subsequent steps were also simplified. Firstly, phosphorus contents were measured, then the equivalent phosphatide contents in oil samples were calculated, RSD (relative SD) was only 1.03%. According to the spiking experiments at low, middle and high concentration levels, recoveries were between 97.03 and 100.99%, RSD were all less than 1.57% (n = 5). The method was applied for determining the equivalent phosphatide content of different types of oils. Compared with AOCS Official Method Ca 12‐55, the improved method can provide a more effective means for detecting and analyzing the phosphorus or the equivalent phosphatide content in vegetable oils.

Practical applications: In theory, the applicable scope of the improved method should be consistent with that of AOCS Official Method Ca 12‐55, that is, the method is also suitable for detecting phosphorus or the equivalent phosphatide content in crude, degummed and refined vegetable oils. However, the promotion of the method should be based on more experimental data from various vegetable oils.
Estimating and Forecasting APARCH‐Skew‐t Model by Wavelet Support Vector Machines
Authors: Li Yushu
Published: March 2014

This paper concentrates on comparing estimation and forecasting ability of quasi‐maximum likelihood (QML) and support vector machines (SVM) for financial data. The financial series are fitted into a family of asymmetric power ARCH (APARCH) models. As the skewness and kurtosis are common characteristics of the financial series, a skew‐t distributed innovation is assumed to model the fat tail and asymmetry. Prior research indicates that the QML estimator for the APARCH model is inefficient when the data distribution shows departure from normality, so the current paper utilizes the semi‐parametric‐based SVM method and shows that it is more efficient than the QML under the skewed Student's‐t distributed error. As the SVM is a kernel‐based technique, we further investigate its performance by applying separately a Gaussian kernel and a wavelet kernel. The results suggest that the SVM‐based method generally performs better than QML for both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample data. The outcomes also highlight the fact that the wavelet kernel outperforms the Gaussian kernel with lower forecasting error, better generation capability and more computation efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatility Forecasting via MIDAS, HAR and their Combination: An Empirical Comparative Study for IBOVESPA
Authors: Santos Douglas G. , Ziegelmann Flavio A.
Published: March 2014

In this paper we compare several multi‐period volatility forecasting models, specifically from MIDAS and HAR families. We perform our comparisons in terms of out‐of‐sample volatility forecasting accuracy. We also consider combinations of the models' forecasts. Using intra‐daily returns of the BOVESPA index, we calculate volatility measures such as realized variance, realized power variation and realized bipower variation to be used as regressors in both models. Further, we use a nonparametric procedure for separately measuring the continuous sample path variation and the discontinuous jump part of the quadratic variation process. Thus MIDAS and HAR specifications with the continuous sample path and jump variability measures as separate regressors are estimated. Our results in terms of mean squared error suggest that regressors involving volatility measures which are robust to jumps (i.e. realized bipower variation and realized power variation) are better at forecasting future volatility. However, we find that, in general, the forecasts based on these regressors are not statistically different from those based on realized variance (the benchmark regressor). Moreover, we find that, in general, the relative forecasting performances of the three approaches (i.e. MIDAS, HAR and forecast combinations) are statistically equivalent. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel high pressure‐high temperature experimental apparatus to study sequestration of CO2‐SO2 mixtures in geological formations
Authors: García Susana , Liu Qi , Maroto‐Valer M. Mercedes
Published: March 2014

A novel experimental set‐up to investigate the sequestration of non‐pure carbon dioxide (CO2) streams in geological formations through mineral trapping is discussed. The system includes a gas manifold system, a gas booster, a fluid reservoir, a high pressure‐high temperature reactor, and auxiliary elements to ensure safe and reliable operation under the high temperatures and pressures required for the experiments. The apparatus described here is inspired by previously reported batch equipment, but has the versatility of co‐injecting gas mixtures. The capacity of the vessel is 600 mL and the system is capable of applying pressures from ambient to 5000 psi (345 bar), and temperatures from ambient to 350 °C under batch continuous stirring conditions. These ranges of pressure and temperature can cover and even exceed the conditions relevant for the majority of subsurface sequestration studies. The interior wetted parts of the vessel are all in Hastelloy C276 (a Ni‐Cr‐Mo alloy) to be resistant to the corrosiveness of gases such as SO2. The system was tested by studying the sequestration of CO2‐SO2 mixtures in ferric (FeIII) iron‐containing sediments, as SO2 has been shown to reduce FeIII to FeII and permanently trap CO2 as the mineral siderite (FeCO3). A series of batch trials were conducted to demonstrate the experimental apparatus design efficacy along with the system´s behavior. The apparatus functioned well during the course of the experiments proving that this set‐up is a useful research tool to investigate the effect of impurities present in the flue gas from fossil fuel combustion in the geological storage of CO2.
The impact of reminiscence on the quality of life of residents with dementia in long‐stay care
Authors: O'Shea Eamon , Devane Declan , Cooney Adeline , Casey Dympna , Jordan Fionnuala , Hunter Andrew , Murphy Edel , Newell John , Connolly Sheelah , Murphy Kathy
Published: March 2014

Background

There is increasing recognition of the potential use of reminiscence in maintaining or improving the quality of life of people with dementia. Despite being used widely in dementia care, evidence on the effectiveness of reminiscence remains uncertain.

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured education‐based reminiscence programme—the Dementia Education Programme Incorporating Reminiscence for Staff—for people with dementia residing in long‐stay care settings in Ireland.

Methods

Dementia Education Programme Incorporating Reminiscence for Staff is a two‐group, single‐blind, cluster randomised trial conducted in long‐stay residential care settings in Ireland. The primary outcome was the self‐rated quality of life of residents as measured by the Quality of Life—Alzheimer's Disease instrument.

Results

Using an intention‐to‐treat analysis, we found that the estimated effect of the intervention on the quality of life of residents was a non‐significant 3.54 (p = 0.1; 95% confidence interval −0.83, 7.90), expressed as the difference in mean improvement between the intervention and control groups. However, the per‐protocol analysis yielded a significant effect for the intervention on the quality of life of residents of 5.22 (p = 0.04; 95% confidence interval 0.11, 10.34).

Conclusions

Reminiscence may, in certain circumstances, be an effective care option for people with dementia in long‐stay settings with potential to impact positively on the quality of life of residents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.