bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality evaluation of bakery products with application of statistical methods of analysis
Authors: Dvoryaninova O. P. , Alekhina A. V. , Kosenko I. S. , Evstratova A. S.
Published: October 2019

In this work the role of professional standards, the system of requirements of production to structure of working professions and to their competences, problems of ensuring production by skilled workers with shots is considered. Special attention is paid to a way of definition of the major factors influencing change of indicators of quality of a ready-made product and also definition of ways of optimization of these indicators of quality. In article it is also described problems of formation of a complete system of ensuring sustainable social and economic development. Creation of constructive mechanisms of interaction of the sphere of work and the education increasing efficiency and reducing expenses. The professional standards establishing the requirements to knowledge, abilities defining necessary competences for performance of a certain work or professional duties are studied are considered as one of tools allowing to create steady and effective interaction of the sphere of work and education, to provide rational use of human resources now. By means of statistical methods of accuracy and stability of course of process, key indicators of quality of Nikitinsky long loaf such as humidity of a crumb, acidity, mass fraction of sugar and mass fraction of fat were estimated. It was revealed that not all values of the chosen indicators submit to the normal law of distribution, except an indicator of acidity of ready long loaf the probabilistic share of marriage was calculated by this indicator of quality. For the purpose of increase in efficiency of activity of the enterprise, quality of works, services and processes development and deployment of the professional standard for the specialist in quality control of bakery products plays an important role as the professional standard, is the main step on the way of formation of an effective control system of personnel potential at the modern enterprise.
Justification of parameters of microwave installation for separation of down from skins of rabbits in the continuous mode
Authors: Shamin E. A. , Novikova G. V. , Belova M. V. , Mikhailova O. V.
Published: October 2019

Discusses the problem of reducing the operating costs of decontamination and the separation of fluff from the skins of rabbits in rabbit farms. Rabbit meat production amounted to 4.2 thousand tons, of which 70% of the total volume of Russian production falls on farms. In the Nizhny Novgorod region effectively bred rabbits breed "White Giant", which at the age of 560 days reach up to 6.8 kg, but the processing of skins is quite time-consuming. Rabbit down is widely used in the processing industry as a raw material with unsurpassed qualities for the production of knitwear, felt, cloth. The article describes the developed microwave unit with a disk conveyor with a power consumption of 6 kW, a capacity of 16 kg / h. The results of experimental studies to substantiate the complex of structural and technological parameters and modes of operation of microwave installations based on regression models, taking into account the multicriteria assessment of the technological process of separating the disinfected down raw materials from the skin with the sponge-soaked Mezdra. The annual economic effect of the use of microwave installation for collecting hair from the skins of rabbits in rabbit farms is 187 thousand rubles.
The quality indicators of french cognac
Authors: Eliseev M. N. , Osipova V. P. , Emelyanova L. K. , Lakutin D. G. , Alekseeva O. M.
Published: October 2019

Alcohol products are very popular in the consumer market, although it is not a highly needed and essential product. Cognac is one of the exquisite aristocratic and sophisticated beverage, its production consist of complex and lengthy technological process, on which an unique, full bouquet and aroma directly depend. This determines the importance of such aspects as obtaining a high quality and environmentally safe products that have some positive effect on the human body. Moreover, for cognac, the most important is the quality of the original wine materials and new production technologies, which form the organoleptic properties of the drink. The study of branded V.S. cognacs on the territory of the Russian Federation by organoleptic and instrumental methods of analysis showed that not all of them can be identified as French brandies.
The effect of proteolytic enzymes on the amino acid composition of the filtrate and the grain mash obtained from the shock activator disintegrating treated rye
Authors: Sabirov A. A. , Barakova N. V. , Samodelkin E. A.
Published: October 2019

The effect of enzymes of proteolytic action on the amino acid composition of the filtrate and grains of grain wort obtained from UDA-treated rye was studied. The feasibility of using a complex of proteolytic enzymes: neutral and acid proteases is shown. The processing of rye was carried out on the disintegrator DEZI15 with different working elements: three and five-row rotors rotating at a frequency of 120 s1. A control sample of grinding was obtained in a laboratory mill with a rotor-knife working body. According to the data obtained on the Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser analyzer, the average particle size in the grinding samples was: on a disintegrator with a three-row rotor – 167.5 microns, on a five-row rotor-knife working body – 384.278 microns. As a source of proteolytic enzymes, preparations of the fungal protease Рrо100L and the bacterial protease Protosubtilin GZх A120 were used. The determination of the content of ?-amino nitrogen in the finished wort (mg / dm3) was performed by calorimetry with ninhydrin. The concentration of amino acids was determined using the KNAUER amino acid analyzer: the calculation of aminograms was carried out by comparing the areas of the standard and the sample. It was established that the UDA-treatment allows obtaining a high content of ?-amino nitrogen in the filtrate of rye hydrolysates, and the complex introduction of acidic and neural proteases strengthens this effect. Analysis of the amino acid composition of the filtrate and grains showed the presence of all the essential amino acids in both of these products. The filtrate can be recommended as a nutrient nitrogen-containing medium for the cultivation of microorganisms, followed by the release of secondary metabolites of their vital activity, or as an intermediate in the production of sugar-containing syrups from whole grains with a high content of amino acids. The fraction of the hydrolyzate is of interest as a protein-containing feed additive, and the fine particle size distribution of such a product will allow it to be used not only for feeding cattle, but also in poultry farming.
Anti Cutaneous Aging Effect of Red Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Extract on Gene Expression of Human Dermal Fibroblast
Authors: Lin Yung-Hsiang , Lin Yung-Kai , Chan Shu-Ting , Chung Yu-Ming , Lin Yu-Ting , Kan Kai-Wen , Yu Chin-Hsiu
Published: October 2019

Red djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a native cereal plant in Taiwan; it contains abundant polyphenols, betalian and dietary fiber. The appearance of red djulis is bright red. Therefore, it is also called the “ruby of cereals”. The antioxidative activity of red djulis extract is well-understood. However, the antiaging function still remains unclear. This study examined the potential of red djulis extract for enhancing collagen secretion and preventing cutaneous aging using red djulis extracts. The red djulis extracts are comprised of an abundant active component that can effectively enhance the ability of collagen secretion of dermal fibroblasts, prevent the glycation of collagen and resist the damage of ultraviolet light exposure. After fibroblast treatment with red djulis extracts, TGM1, KRT1, KRT10 and SOD2 genes were up-regulated significantly by 2.3, 4.3, 4.4 and 27.3 times, respectively, compared to those of the control group. Additionally, it can increase COL1A2 gene expression by 43% and decrease MMP9 gene expression 33%. Therefore, it was demonstrated that red djulis extracts affect gene expressions related to the skin barrier, antioxidation and collagen. Moreover, we found positive effects on skin barrier integrity, endogenous antioxidant activity and skin collagen-preservation. The preparation of the red djulis extracts is environmental friendly and can promote the economic value of Chenopodium formosanum; thus, the proposed extract is suitable for applications in the development of food products, especially beverages, skin care and cosmetic products.
Mobilising Finance for Wash: Getting the Foundations Right
Authors: Pories Lesley , Fonseca Catarina , Delmon Victoria
Published: October 2019

Responding to the substantial finance gap for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 and 6.2, the Water and Sanitation sector has mobilized to launch new blended finance vehicles with increasing frequency. The sustainability and scale-up of financial solutions is intended to support increased access to unserved, marginalized populations. However, without addressing foundational issues in the sector, any finance mechanism, whether public, private or blended, will be a short-term, band-aid solution and the sector will continue the cycle of dependency on external assistance. This paper presents the results of a collaborative effort of Water.org, IRC WASH and the World Bank Water Global Practice. Drawing from the latest research on effective public financial management and based on evidence from the countries where these organizations work, the paper demonstrates that sustainable success in mobilising finance at large scale is dependent on a reasonable level of performance across 10 foundational areas. The paper presents evidence on the 10 foundational areas and discusses why other aspects of finance and governance while necessary are not sufficient. Better coordination amongst all development partners and governments, including a collective commitment to and prioritization of working on these foundational issues, is a necessary first step.
Severity of Anaemia has Corresponding Effects on Coagulation Parameters of Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Authors: Antwi-Baffour Samuel , Kyeremeh Ransford , Annison Lawrence
Published: October 2019

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited condition characterized by chronic haemolytic anaemia. SCD is associated with moderate to severe anaemia, hypercoagulable state and inconsistent platelet count and function. However, studies have yielded conflicting results with regards to the effect of anaemia on coagulation in SCD. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of anaemia severity on selected coagulation parameters of SCD patients. Four milliters of venous blood samples were taken from the participants (SCD and non-SCD patients) and used for analysis of full blood count and coagulation parameters. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-16. From the results, it was seen that individuals with SCD had a prolonged mean PT, APTT and high platelet count compared to the controls. There was also significant difference in the mean PT (p=0.039), APTT (p=0.041) and platelet count (p=0.010) in HbSS participants with severe anaemia. Mean APTT also showed significant difference (p=0.044) with severe anaemia in HbSC participants. It can be concluded that SCD patients have prolonged PT, APTT and increased platelet count which might predispose them to bleeding episodes and thrombocytosis. Significant difference was also seen between severity of anaemia and mean PT, APTT and platelet count in HbSS individuals.
New Insights of Human Parvovirus B19 in Modulating Erythroid Progenitor Cells Differentiation
Authors: Feng Shuwen , Zeng Dongxin , Zheng Junwen , Zhao Dongchi
Published: October 2019

Background Human parvovirus B19, a human pathogen of the erythroparvovirus genus, is responsible for a variety of diseases. Despite less symptoms caused by B19 infection in healthy individuals, this pathogen can not be neglected in specific groups who exhibit severe anemia. Main body of abstract Transient aplastic crisis and pure red cell aplasia are two kinds of anemic hemogram respectively in acute phase and chronic B19 infection, especially occur in individuals with a shortened red cell survival or immunocompromised patients. In addition, B19 infected pregnant women may suffer risks of hydrops fetalis secondary to severe anemia and fetal loss. B19 possesses high affinity to bone marrow and fetal liver due to its extremely restricted cytotoxicity to erythroid progenitor cells mediated by viral proteins. The nonstructural protein NS1 is considered to be the major pathogenic factor, which takes parts in differentiational inhibition and apoptosis of erythroid progenitor cells through inducing viral DNA damage responses and cell cycle arrest. The time phase property of NS1 activity during DNA replication and conformity to transient change of hemogram are suggestive of its role in regulating differentiation of hematopoietic cells, which is not completely understood. Conclusion In this review, we set up a hypothetic bridge between B19 NS1 and Notch signaling pathway or transcriptional factors GATA which are essential in hematopoiesis, to provide a new insight of the potential mechanism of B19-induced differentiational inhibition of erythroid progenitor cells.
Peningkatan Budaya Literasi Anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Nurul Fikri Bekasi Utara
Authors: Ayuningtyas Fadilla , Wijayanti Ellita Permata
Published: October 2019

In this millennial era our society’s ability to read is increasingly eroded by the presence of technology. Gadget is not only enjoyed by adults, but also by children even from an early age. At TK Nurul Fikri, Alamanda Regency Housing in North Bekasi, 100% of parents said that they gave a gadget to their children. Mothers also have a relatively low level of education. The Community Empowerment Program is carried out through an awareness method by providing material and training related to child care in the digital era. This program involves speakers and trainers who have been involved in parenting world. The storytelling training programs, which was carried out to improve maternal skills in educating children, are also supported by training in making story-telling materials from used goods. Through the skill playing method, children are also stimulated to be closer to literacy culture. Through this program, mothers become more open-minded and trained to build their children literacy culture. Thus children are expected to get more positive values ​​from their close environment.
Diskusi Tentang Peran Kearifan Lokal dalam Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Laut dengan Kelompok Masyarakat Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Kennedy Posma Sariguna Johnson , Tobing Suzanna Josephine , Lumbantoruan Rutman , Tampubolon Emma
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to remind that local wisdom must be maintained to maintain natural balance. The activity was conducted to discuss the traditional culture of sasi with a group of people in Southwest Maluku (MBD), through focus group discussions. The MBD community in utilizing natural resources still maintains the sasi tradition, so that the continuity of marine resources can be maintained between generations, even though currently facing various threats due to the influence of globalization and greater economic motivation.
A rare case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child with a doubling of the upper urinary tract (clinical case)
Authors: Kireeva N. B. , Alyautdinova D. A. , Orlinskaya N. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Xanthogranuomatous pyelonephritis (CP) is an aggressive form of interstitial nephritis, including purulentdestructive and proliferative processes in the kidney to form granulomatous tissue. The difficulty of diagnosis of CP, low illumination of this problem in the literature are the reason for the publication of even a single observation. The exact diagnosis of the disease can be established only with morphological examination and, as a rule, after surgical treatment. The clinical observation of the treatment of the child 15 years xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, inpatient Nizhny Novgorod regional children's teaching hospital. A boy M. at the age of 15 years entered the clinic of acute pyelonephritis (fever up to 38–39°С, abdominal pain and left side). From anamnesis it is known that at the age of one year the child was diagnosed with recurrent leukocyturia. Urological examination revealed hydronephrosis of the lower half of the double kidney on the left. At the age of 7 he was operated on (due to negative dynamics), reconstructive surgery was performed – prilohanochnaya pyeloplasty on the lower segment of the double kidney on the left. In the subsequent exacerbations of pyelonephritis was not. 6 years after hepatitis and kidney injury (contusion), there was a significant increase in dilation of the abdominal system of the lower segment of the left kidney with exacerbation of secondary pyelonephritis. According to intravenous urography, MSCT, MRI (performed to exclude Wilms tumor), the absence of the function of the lower segment of the kidney with a sharp increase in its size was determined. After the preoperative examination, the left kidney was examined, in which the signs of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (renal tissue of bright yellow color), lower left heminephroureterectomy were found, the Diagnosis was confirmed by morphological examination. In the postoperative period, a cyst of the lower pole of the kidney was formed, cured by percutaneous drainage, sclerosing under ultrasound control, followed by recovery. Thus, this clinical case demonstrates the complexity of the diagnosis of CP, which often occurs under the mask of a variety of diseases, including acute pyelonephritis and kidney tumors. Reliable diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is possible only with the help of histological examination of pathological tissues.
The article contains the analysis of the literature devoted to the correction of hypospadias in children. Parallels are drawn between classical works and modern trends in the treatment of this malformation. New surgical techniques (with reference to the history of their appearance) and developments are described. There is a discussion about the use of single and staged surgical interventions in the proximal hypospadias, the analysis of literary data about the complications, results of operations. New classification parameters of hypospadias, methods of assessing the severity of the defect before surgery, functional and cosmetic results after surgery are described. Attention is paid to such direction as standardization of approaches to surgical treatment of hypospadias, unification of methods of urethroplasty and correction of penile curvature. The data of clinical studies on the use of various operational techniques are presented.
Authors: Tibilov A. Z. , Kireeva N. B.
Published: October 2019

The article contains the analysis of the literature devoted to the correction of hypospadias in children. Parallels are drawn between classical works and modern trends in the treatment of this malformation. New surgical techniques (with reference to the history of their appearance) and developments are described. There is a discussion about the use of single and staged surgical interventions in the proximal hypospadias, the analysis of literary data about the complications, results of operations. New classification parameters of hypospadias, methods of assessing the severity of the defect before surgery, functional and cosmetic results after surgery are described. Attention is paid to such direction as standardization of approaches to surgical treatment of hypospadias, unification of methods of urethroplasty and correction of penile curvature. The data of clinical studies on the use of various operational techniques are presented.
Flare Gas Monetization
Authors: Oakley Martin
Published: October 2019

Discussion on the recovery of flare gas and other rich gas sources and monetization through innovative new technologies.

An all too frequent occurrence in oil and gas production is the flaring of rich gas, or gas rich in heavy hydrocarbons (C3+). Heavy hydrocarbons are often considered an impurity in natural gas for producers looking to harvest lighter methane (C1) and ethane (C2), but this rich gas can be highly profitable as well (and sometimes more so). The first issue regarding the economics of rich gas is separation. Generally, raw wellhead gas is a mixed composition ranging from methane through the heaviest hydrocarbons, as well as impurities such as H2O and H2S. These types of unrefined gas can be difficult to monetize.

Existing methods of separation technologies struggle to deal with the unique combination of factors which are associated with flare gas. Fractionation plants are large and expensive and therefore often uneconomic or impractical to construct where consolidated gas streams are not available. Other traditional small-scale solutions are limited, recovering only part of the gas or producing inconsistent flows and products which are difficult or inefficient to monetize. Flare monetization technology needs to efficiently and cost effectively process associated gas at the well-site, separating the rich gas into usable products. It must be modular, mobile, and scalable and capable of managing the ebbs and surges of oil wells, allowing delivery of product at a consistent flow rate and pressure.

By combining flow control, compression, and mechanical refrigeration with advanced monitoring and control, GTUIT can produce stable products that can be directly monetized through various routes depending on user requirements, local markets, and geographic restrictions. With the right flare monetization technology, rich gas can be processed into a clean, high methane number gas for electric power generation, or processed into CNG and LNG. Additionally, extracted Natural Gas Liquids can be sold directly to market or combined into crude oil streams. We are here to discuss how this can be done.
Recycling Marine Used Oil Using Green Ship Conversion Technique
Authors: Eslam Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: October 2019

Objectives/Scope

Out-of-the-box idea that is centered around using a new technical procedure supported with a special rule to fight and prevent marine pollution from merchant ships transiting through narrow water ways such as canals and straights, and how to convert the pollutant (in this case used oil or sludge) produced from the main propulsion systems of merchant ships into recycled lube oil, and then reuse it utilizing a new technique (Green ship conversion)

Methods, Procedures, Process

Method

Catalytic distillation

Exposing used oil to a high temperature under vacuum pressure using a special catalyst to shorten the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon chain, and then return it back to its initial structure by condensation, and treatment.

Procedures

(Suez Canal as a case study) Legislative, Add a new mandatory rule and circular to all ships to deliver their used oil at the anchorage area before transiting the canalGreen ship conversion:

The Green ship conversion is a unique idea based on using a coastal supply vessel to move among merchant ships passing through navigational straits and canals in the anchorage area or in heavily crowded ports. This vessel will collect used oil (sludge) from ships, store it in its storage tanks, and then recycle it using catalytic distillation plant installed on-board the ship's deck.

Process

Receiving the used oil from the transiting ships, recycling on-board using catalytic distillation plant.

Results, Observations, Conclusions:

Results

Observation

Conclusion

Novel

Green ship conversion is a unique idea, recycling the used oil completely offshore with no need to onshore facilities.
More Oil and Less Water: Heavy Oil Field Application of the Autonomous Inflow Control Devices AICD in Long Horizontal Wells – A Case study from South Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Harrasi Ameera , Jimenez-Chavez Maria , Al-Jumah Ali , Barwani Asma , Lawati Ali , Sabahi Atiya , Urdaneta Gerardo , Gokmen Melih , Harthy Khalfan , Busaidi Hamood , Saadi Faisal , Abri Yaqoob , Harthi Mahmood , Rahbi Said , Abri Ibrahim , Siyabi Majid , Hooti Huda
Published: October 2019

The multidisciplinary authors have summarized the results from the Autonomous Inflow Control Device (AICD) deployment in multiple oil fields, and presented it in this paper as a practice worth replication in a similar heavy oil environment, due its many benefits in optimizing field development. AICDs have been tested mainly in labs and controlled environments with few comprehensive field trials. This paper will form the basis for that which will add to the state of knowledge in the industry.

The AICD technology was piloted in few wells of these fields. It comprises of mechanical devices installed with the sand face completion, which react in real time to the properties of the flowing fluids, decreasing/delaying the water influx (or gas if it would be the case) from high productivity zones, promoting increased oil production from other compartments of the formation, therefore, equalizing the drawdown along the horizontal section of the well and performing a dynamic water shut-off operation. No cables are required, as the devices work on the basis of viscosity and density difference between the oil and the water.

The AICD-completed wells showed initial water cut in the range 1% to 2%. Which has reduced significantly in comparison to nearby analogues. The initial net oil rate resulted to be more than 2 times of the expected one, with an acceleration of ~10,000 bbls of net oil during the first month. After the initial production period, the technology is still delaying the aggressive water cut development usually observed in these fields, having provided 2 times the expected net oil rate during the first 3 months, with an acceleration of approximately 20,000 bbls of net oil over this period. It has been concluded that the application of the technology is successful and will be deployed as a baseline in all future horizontal wells drilled.
Determining Trapped Gas Saturation and Effect on Recovery Factor in Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Dotoku Shun , Hutagalung Danny Riau , Purba Victor Stephen , Jailani Djunaedi Tugiman
Published: October 2019

Trapped gas saturation is existing gas saturation after displacement by water and it is one of the key parameters for the estimation of gas recovery factor and gas production deliverability for the reservoir, especially gas reservoir under active water drive. This paper presents a case study of producing North Senoro gas field in Indonesia for series of experimental work of trapped gas saturation measurement and comparison with estimated trapped gas saturation using well-known correlation from various core experiments results. Effect of trapped gas saturation on gas recovery and gas production deliverability were also assessed in various sensitivity analysis using simulation model.

Trapped gas saturation varies with rock physical properties such as rock type, porosity, permeability and initial gas saturation and experiments method. Various core samples were chosen to cover range of rock properties in bulk of reservoir and we applied two experiment methods under spontaneous imbibition, Counter-Current Imbibition (CCI) and Co-Current Imbibition (COI). Measured trapped gas saturation had strongly dependency on permeability rather than porosity. The comparison between two methods illustrated that COI showed lower trapped gas saturation compared to CCI except the core plug with high permeability. Difference of measurement results between CCI and COI came from different boundary condition and flow regime between air and toluene during experiment. As co-currently flow regime by COI was closer to fluid behavior in reservoir condition compared to counter current flow regime by CCI, the results from COI was adopted for further analysis.

Both of CCI and COI results showed higher trapped gas saturation compared estimated one from Agarwal correlation which defined trapped gas saturation as a function of rock type, porosity, permeability and initial gas saturation. It indicated measurements for specific formation is necessary and critical, especially for complex carbonate formation instead of using correlation.

The measured data was utilized to analyze effect on recovery factor in North Senoro gas field as a case study. In simulation model, trapped gas saturation was defined as a function of permeability and initial gas saturation based on our experiment results and Land equation. Sensitivity analysis results concluded that effect of trapped gas saturation on gas recovery factor was limited without any aquifer drive meanwhile trapped gas saturation was critical under strong aquifer support because bulk of gas was trapped by water under high pressure and it kept abandonment pressure high at the end of production high.

In addition to accurate measurement of trapped gas saturation, clear understanding of aquifer strength is necessary for realistic gas recovery factor estimation and optimum development planning.
Locating and Quantifying Downhole Sand Production with Wireline Sand Detection Tool and Examples of Application in Wells Offshore Caspian Sea
Authors: Timonin Andrey , Mollaniyazov Eldar
Published: October 2019

Sand production in oil and gas wells is badly affecting production rates, damaging downhole and surface equipment. Knowledge of source of sand production and its amount can prolong well life by performing timely remedial operations. Nowadays, companies rely on stress analysis and numerical models to predict source of sand production in wells producing from several layers commingled and at the same time amount of sand production is measured on surface with separators.

On the other side, wireline sand detection tool allows to quantify and locate source of sand production downhole as well produces, and when run in combination with production logging tool string, to quantify multiphase inflow profile into the well simultaneously.

Most of the wells on Dzheitune (LAM) field, located offshore Caspian Sea, were completed with dual tubing at the beginning of field development. Over the time, depletion in reservoir pressure caused formation failure in A-sand reservoir and wells producing from this formation started to produce sand. Some wells had to be recompleted by pulling out of hole dual string completion and running in hole single tubing with sand screens across existing perforations. Before pulling dual tubing, some wells were logged with slim sonic tool to locate top of sand accumulation in casing to long tubing annulus. This information was used to determine depth for tubing cut, before pulling it out of hole; whenever such operation was required. Most of the newly drilled wells are completed with single tubing having sand screens.

Field examples, presented in this paper, describe principles of data acquisition with sand detection tool when run in combination with production logging string, and results of logging in slightly deviated wells completed with sand screens. Comparison of multi-phase inflow profiles with source of sand production showed that most of sand is being produced through hotspot in sand screens; i.e. eroded hole that was generally located across topmost section of the screens in almost all the wells that were logged. Logging results are then used for planning remedial operations to pull tubing out of hole and to replace damaged screens.
Implementation of Collaborative Workspace for Petrophysics Asset Teams By Promoting Centralized Project Data Management
Authors: Fareed Abdul , Tariq Aqeel , Sani Usman , Abdul Rehman Musab , Palekar Arshad Hussain , Ali Mutawassam , Khan Zeeshan , Akber Javed , Abduallah Ibrahim , Sharif Duria , Nisar Kashif , Sukendro Hendrie
Published: October 2019

In one of Operator; they want that Asset teams must work closely and collaboratively to achieve results in Petrophysics projects. A project data management (PDM) effort established a system that enables collaboration for petrophysical teams and that makes quality-controlled data available for each project. A separate of objective in the effort was the documentation of business rules for the petrophysical asset team.

Centralization of PDM is the key to enabling collaboration and the provision of quality-controlled data. Therefore, one focus of the project was centralization. While implementing the technology, the project team also prepared the "agreed" business rules document (BRD). This BRD will guide the petrophysical teams to properly maintain their project data. The BRD lays down standards and supports common understanding. Additional steps before the implementation of technology were performing QC and cleaning the existing data.

Centralization of the PDM enabled some key workflows, which cannot be achieved in standalone projects. Specific achievements of this project included enabling collaboration, retaining knowledge, setting up business rules, and performing quality control. Enabling collaboration was the key objective of the project. After the implementation, it was noted that using the system, team members can work on the same "physical" project without disturbing each other's work. Any updates in the project are communicated to the entire team. The updates are accompanied by user notes to enhance team understanding. Collaboration enables teamwork during the project timeline. However, for the E&P companies, it is also very important to keep the "knowledge alive" for later work on the same project by other teams. Long-term knowledge retention has been enabled by the ability to maintain captions, notes, and quality parameters. These "pieces of knowledge" will help future teams understand the thought process behind the results. Setting up the BRD enabled alignment of the end users, IT teams, and data management teams. The one-time quality assurance of the existing project data and raw data has aided the operator in implementing the centralized PDM and workflows.
Effective Solutions To Well Integrity Management Using Multi Finger Caliper And Electromagnetic Tool
Authors: Ajgou Nadir , Graba Bachir , Sayah Laid , Ismail Moustafa , Yakupov Alfir , Saada Mahmoud , Rourke Marvin , Abdelmoula Mongi
Published: October 2019

A multi-sensor magnetic thickness detector tool has been developed specifically for the corrosion evaluation of multi barrier pipes. The electromagnetic tool would be able to identify a metal reduction of each pipe individually. The tool is combinable with Multi-finger caliper, which provides three-dimensional profiling of the internal pipe. Combining both tools together would provide a better assessment of well integrity and corrosion management.

The magnetic thickness detector tool is based on the physics of pulse eddy currents. It can detect up to three barriers and measure circumferential average metal loss at each barrier. Simulation software with advanced modeling techniques will aid to identify corrosion extent through a comparison of simulated model decay curves with real tool response. The Multi-finger caliper tool provides direct measurements of internal tubing and casing diameters. The mechanically measuring fingers will move radially along the inner pipe wall, which provides accurate diameter change.

In this paper, we are presenting a case study where a magnetic thickness detector tool detected corrosion in the outer barrier and was able to provide both pipe assessments individually. These results have been confirmed with running Multi-finger caliper and showed that the first pipe was of good condition. Later on, the tubing was retrieved and circumferential acoustic scanning tool was run and confirmed the metal loss detected by magnetic thickness detector tool. Similar cases showed that the combinability of Multi-finger caliper and magnetic thickness detector tool would help to identify inner versus outer corrosion in which it would save both time and money through real-time operational interventions.
Challenges in Developing a Marginal Thin Sand Reservoir: A Case Study from South Sultanate of Oman of Unlocking Potential
Authors: Ma'Mary Talal , Al-Jumah Ali , Maskari Muna , Harrasi Ameera , Saadi Faisal
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses the multidisciplinary challenges faced while assessing and developing a thin sandstone reservoir with limited connectivity and no aquifer support, and how gathered data and surveillance, combined with tests and engineering sense, turned this reservoir into a feasible development, unlocking its full potential that was overseen earlier. A case study is presented with the Lessons learned to be replicated. The reservoir in question will be referred to as IRS.

Picking and identifying the reservoir on openhole logs is difficult, as it has been overseen in the past. Few existing wells where logs are available have been re-assessed and IRS perforated and tested, yielding very positive results. Few dedicated horizontal wells were drilled with encouraging results, core has been acquired, and preparation for a water injection pilot is undergoing to close the loop with the pressure support story. All results are presented as a case study in this paper

While targeting the main reservoirs in a development drilling for the field in question, a smaller opportunity (IRS reservoir) was identified in the buildup section of hundreds of horizontal wells. The immature IRS represents the upper most part of a main sand body. The sand is enclosed between the Upper and Lower major Shale layer. It is believed that it was formed at the latest stage of Glacial age when a large lake has formed and it was receiving sand influxes from surrounding highs due to ice melt forming what is called IRS in this paper. The Cretaceous marine Shale reservoir on top acts as a regional seal and lies on a regionally extensive unconformity. The IRS reservoir is laterally discontinuous and variable in thickness and rely on truncation underneath the cretaceous Shale as trapping mechanism. The attractiveness is the stable dry oil production combined with stable pressure drop. Preliminary encouraging production data of oil per well as compared to a regular development well, generally with low water cuts. Following the implementation of appraisal and study plan, supplemented by production tests and surveillance, more confidence is being built in IRS as a feasible development reservoir, with further assessment being carried out at the time of preparing this paper.

Active development of IRS reservoir have been the attention of the authors for an extended period of time, the team of integrated disciplines has captured the development challenges from Geology, Petrophysics, Reservoir Engineering and Well Completion in a detailed manner with a clear path towards full exploitation of the reservoir. The authors trust their experience and approaches used are practices worth replicating and are captured in this paper.
Innovative Engineered Approach to Improve the Hydraulic Isolation and Wellbore Integrity Across Production Zone in Challenging HP Wells
Authors: Bugrayev Amanmammet , Nafikova Svetlana , Taoutaou Salim , Timonin Andrey , Gurbanov Guvanch , Rovshenov Gadam , El Sayed Mohamed , Hay Kevin
Published: October 2019

Complete and durable zonal isolation is the foremost goal of the cement job. In the deep and high-pressure environment, obtaining such goal is particularly critical, but also challenging due to the additional factors associated with the high drilling fluid densities that limit mud removal efficiency, narrow margins between fracture and pore pressures that cause loss circulation and differential sticking, and cement sheath exposure to downhole stresses during construction and production phases that compromises its integrity.

Careful planning is required to ensure all risks are captured and mitigated during the design stage, taking into consideration not only the construction phase, but also post-placement downhole conditions changes caused by temperature, pressure fluctuations, and mechanical shocks during perforation and stimulation operations.

Data analysis of the offset wells located in the eastern section of the Caspian shelf showed that conventional cement systems and previously applied cement job designs had limited success in addressing those challenging complex requirements. Thus, a new approach was required. This approach was used in 20 wells in the field with excellent results.

Two wells were used to demonstrate the improvements obtained in zonal isolation behind production liners upon implementation of new engineered methodology. The innovative complex approach involved not only the revision of the previously used cement and spacer fluid designs, but also required revisiting and evaluating every aspect of cementing practices to achieve the desired results. Fiber-based spacer technology was introduced to enhance mud displacement and an engineered flexible and expanding cement system to achieve and maintain well integrity.

Numerical analysis modelling was used to simulate the stresses that the cement sheath will experience over the well's life and calculate the minimum required mechanical properties of cement to be able to withstand these stresses. The set cement mechanical properties were then customized using a proprietary trimodal particle-size distribution technology to accommodate the expected downhole stresses. Hydraulic isolation improvement was achieved and confirmed by downhole logs.
Project Construction Modularization Assessment
Authors: Abdellatif Mohamed Sameh
Published: October 2019

The decision to use Modularization Vs Stick Built for project execution must be subject to proper assessment followed by Constructability Assessment to decide on the best way forward.

The Construction Modularization Assessment is the best process to decide. This exercise must be carried out during FEED taking into consideration the geographic site location, resource availability, logistics, constraints and limitations. The outcome of this exercise will determine the feasibility of modularization and estimate the number, type and weight of each module.

The build sequence is an important factor linked to this exercise and must be carefully studied to provide a clear plan linked to the estimated delivery dates of material and equipment with special attention to long delivery items in addition to assessing the risk of delays and provide alternative module installation sequence.

Conducting such assessment during FEED will have a major impact on Project successful delivery since it will provide the EPC Tenderers with clear methodology for fabrication and installation, however this assessment and proposed modularization scheme can always be modified by the EPC Contractor to suit his capabilities and resources.

Also, it worth highlighting that the assessment will identify the associated risks which will help the Contractor to be very competitive in his bid.

This paper is based mainly on lessons learned from implemented major onshore and offshore projects and accordingly reflects a practical approach which can be adopted for future projects.

It is to be noted that such assessment is not part of the standard formal reviews carried out by companies during FEED and mostly left to EPC Contractor to decide.
A Soft but Effective Strategy to Ensure Data Completeness and Data Quality
Authors: Diwakar Amitesh , Akoum Mohamed
Published: October 2019

In the Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) era, Data Completeness and Data Quality are corner stones to get data insights. Among many projects in this field, ADNOC Onshore put in place a framework supported by a comprehensive Service Level Agreement to ensure that all data either internally generated by the company or acquired from our service providers are made available for the user's community to use after validating the Data Quality.

The outcome of this effort is a framework that defines the boundaries and the rules, which govern the data completeness and data quality in the organization. It is meant also to support the implementation of the technical tools, which are meant for this purpose. The Service Level Agreements covered all sub-surface, drilling and engineering data from initiation, to provisional data, to interpreted data to final and complete data that is required for AI and Data Analytics use by the end-users. The SLAs identified the role and the time allocated for each stakeholder to perform its job. A Dashboard has been developed to show the status of each data set in terms of completion within the stipulated time by the data owner, custodian and steward.

The Data Quality rules have been embedded in the SLAs terms to ensure reliable and trustworthy data. This foundation is a soft approach to support the system and various Data Management tools in facilitating data enrichment for comprehensive business value to ADNOC.
Case Studies of Expanding Cement to Improve Wellbore Sealing
Authors: Bugrayev Amanmammet , Nafikova Svetlana , Taoutaou Salim , Timonin Andrey , Gurbanov Guvanch , Burkenya Alexander , Amanova Irina , Hegab Mahomud
Published: October 2019

Good cement bond at the casing-cement and cement-formation interfaces is essential for effective zonal isolation. Poor bonding can lead to underground fluids and gases to enter the annulus and create sustained casing pressure (SCP), jeopardising the working envelope of the well and limiting its production. One of the causes of a poor cement-formation bonding is attributed to a cement shrinkage. Cement systems that expand after setting can help improve primary cementing job results by sealing microannulus. The enhanced bonding is the result of enhanced shear bond and adhesion of the cement against the pipe and formation.

Cement expansion is achieved by addition of the expanding additives into cement system. The mechanism of expansion is based on set cement volume growth over initial volume post setting. This is driven either by gas bubbles created during chemical reaction or by crystal growth within set cement matrix. Careful optimization of the cement slurry designs with an addition of the expansion additives to conventional and complex blend systems allowed greatly improving the cement bond evaluation log results without compromising other mechanical properties of cement.

This paper outlines the successful application of expanding cement to seal different sizes of wellbore; the study evaluates the effect of the expansion by comparing the cement evaluation log from numerous cementing jobs. Examples included in the comparison are cemented production strings (casings and liners) with different types of cement systems used across 9 5/8-in. production casings and 7-in. and 4 1/2-in. production liners.