bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As ‘práticas’ e o corpo para além da educação física
Authors: Moreira Luiza Silva , Gois Junior Edivaldo , Soares Antonio Jorge Gonçalves , Gurgel Marina Paradela
Published: September 2023

O presente estudo buscou analisar como as práticas corporais sistematizadas foram contempladas no programa curricular e arquitetônico dos Centros Integrados de Educação Pública (CIEPs). Para tal, foram selecionados os programas curriculares prescritivos da equipe gestora nos dois governos de Leonel Brizola, disponíveis no acervo físico da Fundação Darcy Ribeiro. Observamos que o discurso centrava-se na tríade Educação, Cultura e Saúde e os documentos revelam que todas as competências deveriam ser trabalhadas para formação cidadã, mas isso não significa que, no currículo praticado, tais ideais se materializaram como uma tradição pedagógica ou prática na época.
Mobília escolar
Authors: Sousa Marlucy do Socorro Aragão de
Published: September 2023

Resumo: O estudo apresenta uma análise sobre a circulação da mobília escolar na Instrução Pública Primária no Pará, abordando os modelos estrangeiros que circularam nas casas de ensino do estado. As análises sobre o mobiliário utilizado nas escolas do Pará, seguem baseadas nas reflexões em torno dos catálogos de empresas estrangeiras, especificamente os modelos franceses e norte-americanos. Metodologicamente, buscou-se localizar nos diferentes documentos oficiais do estado, Álbum do Pará (1908), modelos solicitados para as instituições de atendimento à instrução primária. As análises aqui apresentadas, revelam as transações comerciais entre o governo do Pará, na representatividade do diretor geral da instrução pública e as empresas fornecedoras e de casas estrangeiras. A partir de constatações, pode-se pensar as estratégias impostas pelos dirigentes da administração do Pará, tendo em vista as influências de circulação dos catálogos como vitrines dos saberes universais sendo determinantes para modernização dos sistemas educativos.
Breve história de uma ‘Matemática a ensinar’ para o 1º grau
Authors: Valente Wagner Rodrigues
Published: September 2023

Este texto analisa duas coleções de livros didáticos de matemática publicados entre as décadas de 1960 e 1970. Tem por objetivo, a partir dessa análise, tornar inteligível como se dá a elaboração de uma matemática para o 1º grau, tendo em vista a emergência da escola de oito anos. Na análise dessas obras, utilizam-se ferramentas teórico-metodológicas vindas da História Cultural, da História da Educação e da História da educação matemática. Sobressai a mobilização do conceito de ‘matemática a ensinar’, expressão que designa o saber que é objeto de trabalho do professor que ensina matemática. Os resultados do estudo apontam processos e dinâmicas que estão presentes na constituição oficial de uma nova referência para o ensino: os Guias Curriculares do estado de São Paulo.
A Review on Rainwater Harvesting in Sri Lanka
Authors: Vijitha Vikneshwaran , Sayanthan Seeralakandapalan , Mikunthan Thushyanthy
Published: September 2023

Freshwater scarcity is one of the emerging threats to human survival. There is a gap between availability and demand for freshwater due to urbanization, industrialization, overpopulation, contamination of groundwater, and unpredictable climatic conditions. Rainwater harvesting is an environmentally sound option to mitigate the water scarcity issue. Further, rainwater is a sustainable water source that can be utilized to satisfy the water demand considerably. This manuscript reviews the rainwater harvesting systems in Sri Lanka with particular emphasis on history and present status, different techniques and methods, climate change adaptation, quality and treatments, utilization of harvested water, health benefits and issues, and policy and strategies in the Sri Lankan context. Rainwater harvesting is not a new technology in Sri Lanka; it was even practiced by ancient Sri Lankans many centuries ago. Anyhow, special attention to the operation and maintenance of the rainwater harvesting systems should be paid to improve the quality of harvested water for further uses. In addition, the effectiveness of the policies related to rainwater harvesting should be ensured for the better functioning of rainwater harvesting systems all around the country.
Multi-temporal Satellite Images and Combination of Multi-Classification Approaches for Evaluation of Changes in Forest Cover: A case study
Authors: Jayasinghe P. K. S. C.
Published: September 2023

The primary objective of this study is to develop a method to monitor the changes in forest cover using three different techniques, namely Spatial Data Mining (SDM), supervised and unsupervised classification, and Geographical Information System (GIS) overlay processing methods. The secondary objective was to monitor the land use changes using multi-temporal satellite images (Landsat 8 images of 2016 and 2020). The study area is located in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka. The first and second approaches consisted of supervised and unsupervised classification approaches. The use of a combination of two classification mapping approaches provides better results compared with the use of a single classification, which is a novelty of the present study. The GIS overly processing technique combined the two maps obtained from supervised and unsupervised classifications to develop an improved map for land use changes. The improved map was reclassified and converted into ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) format, which was then pre-processed to convert the data set into the suitable format for the SDM modeling. The converted format was used to implement SDM modeling with the support of the Clustering-outline detection algorithm. The overall accuracy of the Landsat 8 images was 94.6. Results revealed that the forest cover extent was diminished by 5.28% in the study area between 2016 and 2020. The ground measurement was done with the help of the forest department to verify the results. The study revealed that the forest area decreased, and farming lands increased due to intensive agriculture. Future studies would be necessary to determine the validity and suitability of the developed model for other climatic zones in the country.
Sea insecurity and small-scale fishers' well-being: A case study in Mannar, Sri Lanka
Authors: Koralagama D. N. , Peramunagama S. S. M.
Published: September 2023

International maritime boundary lines and legitimate fishing techniques safeguard the marine environment from poaching and over-exploitation of resources while ensuring sustainable fisheries-based livelihoods. Indian trawler trespass and illegal fishing have been extensively practiced along the Northwestern coast of the country, especially in Mannar. This paper examines the impacts of sea insecurity on small-scale fisheries living in Mannar. A mixed method approach was adopted employing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, including a questionnaire survey (n=138), focus group discussions, in-depth interviews (n=15), participatory rural appraisal techniques, and key informant interviews (n=8). Fishing sites: Silavathurai, Vankalai, Pesalai, and SouthBar, which host both small-scale migrants and local fishers, were selected for the study. Individuals for the qualitative data collection were selected purposively, yet a simple random sampling technique was adopted for the questionnaire survey. A three-dimensional well-being approach- material, relational and subjective was used to assess the well-being of small-scale fishers. The Indian trawler poaching has reduced fishers’ harvest by more than 60 percent, thereby changing the income by 90 percent, making almost all debtors. Loss of material well-being due to increased cost of production, lower catch per unit effort, debt, and prolonged deprivation has led to illegal fishing such as dynamiting, ring seine, log fishing, and brush piles in the near-shore area. Mushrooming social conflicts among multiple user groups have jeopardized inter and intra-community relationships and networks. Illegitimacy negatively affects on the subjective well-being of fisher folk, both men and women, due to loss of self-esteem, frustration, and fear. Respondents claim interactive and communicative governance mechanisms for better implementation of rules and regulations. Frequent boat patrols and reconnaissance are requested to ensure sea security. Two main conclusions are drawn. First, sea security is needed to ensure the well-being of fisher folk over material, relational, and subjective aspects. Second, the lack of sea security encourages illegitimacy; the marine ecosystem’s health is damaged and jeopardized. Thus, an interactive and inclusive governing regime is suggested, which would replace the present inefficient and fragmented governing structure.
Hyperideal Structure of Krasner's Induced Quotient Hypperings
Authors: Rathnayaka R. M. K. S. , Ramaruban Nadesan
Published: September 2023

This paper mainly explores the hyperideal structure of Krasner’s induced quotient hyperrings. By Krasner’s induced hyperring, we mean an additive hyperring R/G induced on a ring R by one of its multiplicative subgroups G. In 1983, Krasner introduced a way of constructing this class of hyperrings and posed the question of whether all the hyperrings that exist naturally were either isomorphic to or could be embedded into this kind of derived hyperrings. Later, in 1985, Massouros proposed a method of construction of hyperfields, which are not embeddable in any of Krasner’s construction. Subsequently, the focus on this important class of additive hyperrings has subsided. We revive the interest in this class of hyperrings by investigating the relationships between the ideals of R and the hyperideals of R/G attentively. Also, we introduce a way of constructing additive hyperrings from given additive hyperrings, and consequently, we prove a few theorems that exhibit the isomorphic relationship between this class of hyperrings under certain conditions.
Adrenal hemorrhage and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: an antiphospholipid syndrome dilemma
Authors: El Hasbani G. , Del Pilar Morel M. , Tandoh B. , Vargas J.F. , Crusio R.
Published: September 2023

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can affect different organ systems, including the heart and adrenal glands. Despite being known for its prothrombotic characteristics, APS can have serious bleeding complications. Occasionally, thrombotic and bleeding episodes can present simultaneously in an APS patient. Whenever these events co-occur, resuming anticoagulation becomes a topic of debate. As such, we present the case of a 43-year-old male with triple positive antiphospholipid antibodies, indicating APS, who presented with chest pain. Anticoagulants were switched one month before presentation from warfarin to a direct oral anticoagulant, rivaroxaban. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, as well as new-onset left-sided adrenal hemorrhage, were diagnosed. The patient developed adrenal insufficiency; therefore, corticosteroids were administered, and warfarin was resumed to prevent further thrombotic episodes.
Myositis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination occurs more frequently than assumed and is probably causally related
Authors: Finsterer J. , MohanaSundaram A.S. , Scorza F.
Published: September 2023

We read with interest the article by Camargo-Coronel et al. reporting on a systematic review of patients with idiopathic, inflammatory myopathy developing after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.
Response to: myositis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination occurs more frequently than assumed and is probably causally related
Authors: Quiñones-Moya H. , Camargo-Coronel A. , Hernández-Zavala M.R.
Published: September 2023

We thank Finsterer et al. for the attention paid to our publication; we recognize the validity of the points mentioned in their letter to the editor and will try to answer the observations made.
Serum Phosphorus, Parathyroid Hormone, and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 in Egyptian Patients Six Months after Undergoing Living-donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Kamel Mai Hamed , Ahmed Dina Hesham , Mikhael Emily Samir , Abdalla Mohamed Shehata , Sadek Khaled Marzouk , ElNahid Maggie Said
Published: September 2023

End-stage renal disease is a major health problem with many complications. Previous studies emphasized the relationship of cardiovascular disease and mortality among these patients to dysregulated phosphate homeostasis. Even after successful renal transplantation, the risk is not eliminated. Several factors seem to interplay to regulate serum phosphorus levels after renal transplantation. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is a hormone with the major function of inhibiting the reabsorption of phosphate by the renal tubules. Parathormone reduces the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney. The aim of our study was to explore the changes that occurred in FGF-23 and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels in a cohort of Egyptian patients undergoing renal transplantation and to examine the effect of these factors on posttransplant serum phosphorus levels. The study was carried out prospectively on 37 candidates for live-donor renal transplantation. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, iPTH, and FGF-23 were measured before and 6 months after renal transplantation. Statistically significant differences were detected in serum calcium, phosphorus, FGF-23, and iPTH before and 6 months after transplantation (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The results also showed a statistically significant correlation between FGF-23 levels and phosphorus levels before transplantation. The interplay between FGF-23 and iPTH has an impact on posttransplant serum phosphorus levels.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Prospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Mahgoob Mohammed Hashem , Swelam Salwa H.
Published: September 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Acute kidney injury (AKI) is considered to be one of the most well-established risk factors for mortality in neonates. The aim of this work was to study the incidence of AKI in neonates with NEC and to determine the associated conditions, risk factors, and outcomes. We carried out this prospective cross-sectional study on 104 neonates treated for NEC from September 2015 to September 2019. Diagnoses of AKI were made using the neonatal modified Kidney Disease: Improved Global Outcome criteria. AKI occurred in 63 neonates (61%), with 32 at Stage 1 (31%), 20 at Stage 2 (19%), and 11 at Stage 3 (11%), including three requiring dialysis. Vancomycin use and positive blood culture were risk factors for developing AKI in our NEC neonates (odds ratio: 2.47 and 2.41; P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Neonates with AKI had a higher mortality rate (47.6% vs. 26.8 %, P = 0.03) and an increased length of stay (LOS) (69.8 days vs. 53.9 days, P <0.01) than the non-AKI group. Surgical intervention was required in 11 (10.5%) of our neonates. We concluded that AKI occurs in about 60% of neonates with NEC and is associated with higher mortality and LOS in the NICU. Therefore, it is very important to identify and manage all neonates who are at a high risk of developing AKI as quickly as possible.
Histopathological Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases in Oman: A Five-year Study
Authors: Alwahaibi Nasar , Al-Khazimi Owias , Al-Riyami Marna
Published: September 2023

Glomerular diseases are numerous and difficult to diagnose without a renal biopsy. Despite the development of many radiological and laboratory tests and the use of up-to-date equipment, renal biopsies are the best method for diagnosing renal diseases. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological patterns of glomerular diseases in Oman. Light microscopy and immunofluorescence markers such as immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q, which are routinely used to evaluate the presence of immune deposits, were analyzed. In total, 596 renal biopsies were retrospectively analyzed at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital for a 5-year period (2011–2015). Males represented 45.8%, and the median age was 29.7 years. Primary glomerular diseases were more common in males (54%); secondary glomerular diseases were more prevalent among females (76.7%). The prevalence of primary glomerular diseases (65.6%) was more dominant than secondary glomerular diseases (34.4%). Lupus nephritis (LN) was the most common secondary glomerular disease and was the most prevalent among all biopsies (29.9%). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous glomerulopathy, IgA nephropathy, minimal change disease, and diffuse global glomerulosclerosis were the most common primary glomerular diseases, accounting for 21.5%, 9.1%, 8.6%, 6.4%, and 6.2%, respectively. The level of the fluorescein isothiocyanate C1q marker in the top five renal diseases was low compared with other markers. In conclusion, in Oman, LN was the most common glomerular disease encountered and FSGS was the most common primary glomerular disease. The findings suggest that the localization of glomerular C1q in renal diseases needs to be investigated further.
The Clinical Features and Outcomes of Renal Amyloidosis in Tunisia
Authors: Ayed Amel , Salem Meriem Ben , Letaief Ahmed , Salah Manel Ben , Handous Insaf , Hamouda Mouna , Aloui Sabra , Skhiri Habib
Published: September 2023

Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by clinical polymorphism. Indeed, the kidney is the most common organ involved and represents a real turning point in the disease. We aimed to determine the clinicopathological prognostic factors of renal amyloidosis (RA). We conducted a retrospective study including 40 cases with biopsy-proven RA collected in our department over a period of 10 years. Biochemical, demographic, and clinicopathological findings at diagnosis, as well as the follow-up data, were evaluated for each patient. The prevalence of amyloidosis was 2.7 per 100 nontransplant renal biopsies. The mean age at presentation was 55.5 ± 15.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.85. The diagnosis of RA was confirmed by a renal biopsy in 85% of cases. Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis was the most common type of amyloidosis (65%), and chronic infections ranked first in the panel of etiologies (41%). Amyloid light chain amyloidosis was mainly associated with multiple myeloma (57%). The median patient survival was 59 months versus 12 months for kidney survival. Age and extrarenal localization were independent predictors of mortality, whereas renal failure at presentation significantly influenced renal survival. The results of our study emphasize the rarity but also the severity of RA. AA amyloidosis was the most common type identified, which was mainly caused by chronic infections. Prevention remains the best solution until we can achieve therapeutic advances in inflammatory diseases.
Lupus Nephritis in Tunisian Children: Predictive Factors of Poor Outcomes
Authors: Boussetta Abir , Louati Dalia , Jellouli Manel , Gaied Hanen , Mabrouk Sameh , Maalej Bayen , Zouaghi Karim , Goucha Rym , Gargah Tahar
Published: September 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe clinical manifestations observed in patients with SLE; it is more frequent and more severe in children than in adults. The aim of our study was to assess the predictive factors of poor outcomes in Tunisian children with LN. This was a multicenter retrospective observational study on 40 pediatric patients with biopsy-proven LN from five nephrology departments in Tunisia. The patients were 12.33 ± 3.3 years of age at the time of their kidney biopsy. Eleven patients developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (27.5%), and seven patients died. Overall, 18 (45%) patients reached our composite endpoint (ESRD or death). An age at diagnosis of more than 14 years, elevated serum creatinine at the time of the kidney biopsy, the existence of wire loops, thromboembolic complications as well as infectious complications are the most important clinical features associated with an increased risk of ESRD. Predictive factors of death were a baseline creatinine level of more than 2.26 mg/dL, a high proteinuria at baseline, fibrous crescents determined by renal biopsy, thromboembolic complications, infectious compli-cations, and ESRD. In summary, our results suggest that early and appropriate management is the best guarantee of a good renal outcome in children with LN.
Paint-thinner-induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Latief Muzamil , Hassan Zhahid , Shafi Obeid , Abbas Farhat , Farooq Summyia
Published: September 2023

Occupational health hazards contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of workers in factories. Toluene has become a widely abused inhaled volatile drug. The spectrum of toluene-induced renal injury includes rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinemia, distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis. We describe two patients with paint-thinner-induced kidney injury who were affected through different routes of exposure and recovered well, with one requiring dialysis support; the second patient, who had developed Type 1 distal RTA and mild kidney injury, was managed with conservative measures. Toluene can cause acute neurological symptoms, accompanied by severe metabolic alterations, as well as organ injury and dysfunction. A common association of the development of hypokalemic paralysis and metabolic acidosis with toluene intoxication was observed. Liver injury and rhabdomyolysis are also common. Vomiting, dehydration, tubular injury, and rhabdomyolysis are all possible additional causes of acute renal failure in toluene intoxication. Type 1 distal RTA, which is characterized by an inability to lower urine pH despite acidemia, results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with hypokalemia. The management of acute toluene toxicity is largely conservative, consisting of correcting the electrolytes and the acid–base balance, fluid alterations, and renal replacement therapy in severe acute kidney injury. A clinical suspicion of organ failure and prompt supportive care leads to encouraging results. Adequate protective steps for workplaces involved in the use of such substances in confined spaces include prior risk assessment, using low-toxicity chemical products, ensuring adequate ventilation, safety training, and using appropriate personal protective equipment.
Plasma Cell Dyscrasia: A Case Series of a Masquerader
Authors: Elenjickal Nikhil , Kulkarni Chaitanya , Algeri Rashmi , Kothari Jatin , Almeida Alan , Sirsat Rashika
Published: September 2023

Plasma cell dyscrasia is a result of an abnormal clonal proliferation of plasma cells. These cells arise from B cells in the bone marrow and produce immunoglobulins. Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell dyscrasia that commonly presents with symptoms secondary to hypercalcemia, hyperviscosity, renal failure, and bone pain. Here, we report three patients with unusual presentations of plasma cell dyscrasias.
The role of cervical pedicle screw in cervical spine trauma: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Cechin Igor Ebert , Barros Alderico Girão Campos De , Khan Ahsan Ali , Silva Luis Eduardo Carelli Teixeira Da
Published: September 2023

Placement of pedicle screw in the subaxial cervical spine is a challenging and complex technique but provides significant biomechanical advantages. Despite its potential complications, the role and use of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) are growing. A literature review of the significant articles on applying pedicle screws in the subaxial cervical spine was done (articles between 1994 and 2020). Furthermore, our center´s experience of 15 years related to CPS is also discussed in this study. Transpedicular instrumentation in the subaxial cervical spine requires profound anatomical knowledge and meticulous surgical technique. This technique provides superior biomechanical stability compared to the other cervical fixation techniques. Pull-out strength of CPS is twice as compared to the lateral mass screws. There have been numerous variations in the technique of CPS, varying from open techniques to minimally invasive and the use of biomodels and templates during this procedure. Clinically, CPS can be used in different cervical trauma situations, such as fracture–dislocations, floating lateral mass, and fractures associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Despite the possibility of neurovascular injury due to the proximity of the vertebral artery, spinal cord, and spinal nerves to the cervical pedicles, scientific literature, and our center × s experience show low risk, and this technique can be performed safely. CPS placement is a safe procedure, and it has great potential in the management of cervical spine trauma.
An assessment of the variation in the practice of lumbar discectomy and its role in axial back pain
Authors: Mishra Sandeep , Garg Kanwaljeet , Chaurasia Bipin , Budihal Bhargavi R , Deora Harsh , Tandon Vivek , Phalak Manoj , Mishra Shashwat , Kumar Amandeep , Umana GE , Lafuente Jesus , Demetriades Andreas K , Ha Yoon , Singh Manmohan , Chandra PS , Kale SS , Zileli Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Background:

Lumbar discectomy is performed for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation and is one of the most widely performed spinal surgical procedures worldwide in a variety of ways. This survey aimed at providing an overview/perspective of different practice patterns and the impact of lumbar discectomy on axial back pain with or without sciatica.

Methods:

An online survey was performed using the application “Google Forms.” The link to the questionnaire was distributed to neurosurgeons through personal E-mail and social media platforms.

Results:

We received 333 responses. The largest percentage of responses across five continents was from Asia (66.97%, n = 223). The mean age of the respondents was 40.08 ± 10.5 years. A total of 66 respondents (20%) had a spine practice of 7%–90%, and 28 respondents had a spine practice of 90%–100% (8.4%). The number of respondents who practiced microscopic discectomy using a tubular retractor (n = 143 respondents, 42.9%) was nearly equal to the number of respondents who practiced open discectomy (n = 142 respondents, 42.6%). An almost equal proportion of respondents believed discectomy does not help in relieving axial back pain. Only 20.4% (n = 68) of respondents recommend bed rest for a longer duration postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Our survey revealed that only 22.2% of spine surgeons recommended discectomy in patients with radiological disc herniation with axial back pain alone and preferred a minimally invasive method of discectomy. Almost half of them believed discectomy to be ineffective for axial low back pain and only a few recommended prolonged bed rest postoperatively.
Does physical therapy impact clinical outcomes after lumbar decompression surgery?
Authors: Heard Jeremy C. , D’Antonio Nicholas D. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Boere Payton , Issa Tariq Z. , Lee Yunsoo A. , Canseco Jose A. , Kaye Ian David , Woods Barrett R. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D.
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

The objectives of our study were to (1) determine if physical therapy (PT) impacts patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) after lumbar decompression surgery and (2) determine if PT impacts postsurgical readmissions or reoperations after lumbar decompression surgery.

Methods:

Patients >18 years of age who underwent primary one- or two-level lumbar decompression at our institution were identified. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, surgical outcomes (all-cause 90 days readmissions and 90 days surgical readmissions), and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were compared between the groups. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to determine the individual predictors of 90 days readmissions and PROMs at the 1-year postoperative point. Alpha was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Of the 1003 patients included, 421 attended PT postoperatively. On univariate analysis, PT attendance did not significantly impact 90-day surgical reoperations (P = 0.225). Although bivariate analysis suggests that attendance of PT is associated with worse improvement in physical function (P = 0.041), increased preoperative Visual Analogue Scale leg pain (0 = 0.004), and disability (P = 0.006), as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index, our multivariate analysis, which accounts for confounding variables found there was no difference in PROM improvement and PT was not an independent predictor of 90-day all-cause readmissions (P = 0.06). Instead, Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = 0.025) and discharge to a skilled nursing facility (P = 0.013) independently predicted greater 90-day all-cause readmissions.

Conclusions:

Postoperative lumbar decompression PT attendance does not significantly affect clinical improvement, as measured by PROMs or surgical outcomes including all-cause 90 days readmissions and 90-day surgical readmissions.
Using machine learning and big data for the prediction of venous thromboembolic events after spine surgery: A single-center retrospective analysis of multiple models on a cohort of 6869 patients
Authors: Hopkins Benjamin S. , Cloney Michael B. , Dhillon Ekamjeet S. , Texakalidis Pavlos , Dallas Jonathan , Nguyen Vincent N. , Ordon Matthew , Tecle Najib El , Chen Thomas C. , Hsieh Patrick C. , Liu John C. , Koski Tyler R. , Dahdaleh Nader S.
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Venous thromboembolic event (VTE) after spine surgery is a rare but potentially devastating complication. With the advent of machine learning, an opportunity exists for more accurate prediction of such events to aid in prevention and treatment.

Methods:

Seven models were screened using 108 database variables and 62 preoperative variables. These models included deep neural network (DNN), DNN with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), logistic regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, simple linear regression, and gradient boosting classifier. Relevant metrics were compared between each model. The top four models were selected based on area under the receiver operator curve; these models included DNN with SMOTE, linear regression, lasso regression, and ridge regression. Separate random sampling of each model was performed 1000 additional independent times using a randomly generated training/testing distribution. Variable weights and magnitudes were analyzed after sampling.

Results:

Using all patient-related variables, DNN using SMOTE was the top-performing model in predicting postoperative VTE after spinal surgery (area under the curve [AUC] =0.904), followed by lasso regression (AUC = 0.894), ridge regression (AUC = 0.873), and linear regression (AUC = 0.864). When analyzing a subset of only preoperative variables, the top-performing models were lasso regression (AUC = 0.865) and DNN with SMOTE (AUC = 0.864), both of which outperform any currently published models. Main model contributions relied heavily on variables associated with history of thromboembolic events, length of surgical/anesthetic time, and use of postoperative chemoprophylaxis.

Conclusions:

The current study provides promise toward machine learning methods geared toward predicting postoperative complications after spine surgery. Further study is needed in order to best quantify and model real-world risk for such events.
Lateral approach to the lumbar spine: The utility of an access surgeon
Authors: Meade Matthew H. , Lee Yunsoo , Brush Parker L. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Jenkins Eleanor H. , Desimone Cristian A. , Mccurdy Michael A. , Mangan John J. , Canseco Jose A. , Kurd Mark F. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D.
Published: September 2023

Background:

Lateral lumbar interbody fusions (LLIFs) utilize a retroperitoneal approach that avoids the intraperitoneal organs and manipulation of the anterior vasculature encountered in anterior approaches to the lumbar spine. The approach was championed by spinal surgeons; however, general/vasculature surgeons may be more comfortable with the approach.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare short-term outcomes following LLIF procedures based on whether a spine surgeon or access surgeon performed the approach.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively identified all one- to two-level LLIFs at a tertiary care center from 2011 to 2021 for degenerative spine disease. Patients were divided into groups based on whether a spine surgeon or general surgeon performed the surgical approach. The electronic medical record was reviewed for hospital readmissions and complication rates.

Results:

We identified 239 patients; of which 177 had approaches performed by spine surgeons and 62 by general surgeons. The spine surgeon group had fewer levels with posterior instrumentation (1.40 vs. 2.00; P < 0.001) and decompressed (0.94 vs. 1.25, P = 0.046); however, the two groups had a similar amount of two-level LLIFs (29.9% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.831). This spine surgeon approach group was found to have shorter surgeries (281 vs. 328 min, P = 0.002) and shorter hospital stays Length of Stay (LOS) (3.1 vs. 3.6 days, P = 0.019); however, these differences were largely attributed to the shorter posterior fusion construct. On regression analysis, there was no statistical difference in postoperative complication rates whether or not an access surgeon was utilized (P = 0.226).

Conclusion:

Similar outcomes may be seen regardless of whether a spine or access surgeon performs the approach for an LLIF.
A Preliminary Study on Two-technology Neonatal Hearing Screening
Authors: Ganesan Siva , Anusha M. N. , Ranganathan Lakshmanabharathi
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Newborn hearing screening is essential for the early identification of hearing loss, which can lead to timely intervention and improved outcomes for affected infants. Two commonly used screening methods are distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR). While both methods are effective, there is still ongoing research to determine which method is more efficient and accurate. The aim is to compare the referral rates of DPOAE and AABR in neonatal hearing screening and to evaluate the efficacy of the two technologies in identifying hearing loss in high-risk and well-born neonates by adhering to the new 1–3-month timeline (Joint Committee on Infant Hearing, 2019).

Methods:

This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 404 neonates (808 ears) in a multispecialty hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. Neonates with referral criteria for either DPOAE or AABR in the first step were rescreened immediately with the preferred technology. Obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

Among 404 (100%) neonates screened, 364 (90.14%) were well-born and 40 (9.90%) were high-risk babies. The total referral rate for DPOAE was 70 (8.6%) among which 54 (7.5%) were well-born babies and 16 (20%) were high-risk infants. The total referral rate in AABR was 68 (8.4%) among which 52 (7.2%) were well-born and 16 (20%) were high-risk infants. All the infants enrolled were screened by 1 month and no referrals were obtained for a detailed audiological diagnostic for reaching the 2-month benchmark and intervention by 3 months. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the groups (P > .01).

Conclusion:

AABR had similar referral rates with DPOAE in neonatal hearing screening. The two-technology screening protocol was effective in identifying hearing loss in high-risk and well-born neonates. The inclusion of AABR in the screening protocol proves utility in detecting retrocochlear pathologies such as auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).
Sleep and subjective well-being among chinese adolescents
Authors: An Yuanyuan , Ji Xiaopeng , Zhou Linli , Liu Jianghong
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

The relationships among sleep, resilience, and subjective well-being (SWB) are less studied in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations between multiple sleep domains (sleep duration and quality, and chronotype) and SWB in Chinese adolescents, and whether resilience mediated these relationships.

Methods:

We enrolled 455 adolescents in Jintan and Nanjing cities (Jiangsu Province, China) in 2017–2018. Sleep variables included sleep duration (time in bed [TIB], interval between bedtime and waketime), sleep quality (global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), and chronotype (mid-sleep time on weekends corrected for sleep debt). We used the Chinese version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale to measure resilience, and the satisfaction with Life Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale to measure SWB. Mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling with a bootstrap approach. Results: The associations between sleep duration/sleep quality and SWB were fully mediated by resilience. Specifically, longer TIB (B = 2.04, P = 0.03) and lower PSQI scores (B = −1.60, P < 0.001) were associated with greater resilience, which in turn, was associated with greater latent SWB constructed from happiness and life satisfaction (BTIB = 0.12, BPSQI = 0.11, P < 0.05). Later chronotype was associated with lower happiness (B = −0.52, P = 0.01) and life satisfaction (B = −0.76, P = 0.02) but not resilience and latent SWB.

Conclusion:

Sleep duration and sleep quality were positively associated with latent SWB, and resilience is a mediator. Later, chronotype was independently associated with lower levels of SWB indicators, including happiness and life satisfaction. The study findings highlight the importance of optimal sleep in promoting resilience and SWB during adolescence.
The efficacy of an online family-based cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress, family cohesion, and adaptability of divorced head-of-household women in Iran
Authors: Golboni Farzaneh , Alimoradi Zainab , Potenza Marc N. , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

The family may be negatively impacted by divorce and its adverse outcomes including psychological problems and disturbances in the structure and functioning of families. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of an online family-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention on psychological distress, family cohesion, and adaptability of divorced head-of-household women.

Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, 100 divorced head-of-household women supported by the state welfare organization of Iran participated and were randomly divided into intervention group (n = 50) and active control group (n = 50). Participants in the intervention group received six educational app-based online sessions on family-based CBT. Participants in the control group received an online family-based CBT session and an online information on breast self-examination using the same app. Anxiety, depression, family adaptability, and cohesion were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention. Linear mixed-effects modeling with random intercepts and slopes was used to analyze the data.

Results:

The mean and standard deviation of measures of anxiety, depression, cohesion, and adaptability scores immediately after the intervention (9.42 ± 1.78, 9.58 ± 2.21, 36.36 ± 3.78, and 36.30 ± 3.97, respectively) and 3 months after the intervention (9.90 ± 1.84, 9.40 ± 1.53, 36.38 ± 4.30, and 36.42 ± 4.38, respectively) in the intervention group differed significantly from those before the intervention (11.30 ± 1.77, 11.56 ± 1.31, 23.82 ± 3.78, and 23.80 ± 3.85, respectively). Changes in the mean scores of anxiety, depression, cohesion, and adaptability variables differed significantly before and immediately after the intervention and before and 3 months after the intervention.

Conclusion:

Online family-based CBT appears efficacious in improving the psychological status of divorced head-of-household women and the cohesion and adaptability of their families.
Psychological experiences and perceived social support
Authors: Pusalkar Smruti , Majumdar Ilika Guha
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Mothers are often the primary caregivers of children in Indian homes. Mothers of children with Type 1 diabetes experience an emotional toll of this challenging responsibility that the lack of social support can exacerbate. Health care for children with Type 1 diabetes in India commonly addresses the medical condition and its associated symptoms, whereas mothers, who bear the primary responsibility of the children's care, are most often neglected. This study aimed to understand the psychological experiences and perceived social support of Indian mothers whose children are diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes.

Methods:

This phenomenological research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with mothers using purposive sampling between the ages of 24 and 45 years (n = 13) and analyzed using thematic analysis. The data analysis and collection were done between January 2022 and December 2022.

Results:

Thematic analysis revealed six main themes of psychological distress, multifold strain, poor Type 1 diabetes mellitus education and stigma, need for social and familial support, caregiver burden, and coping. The findings from this research suggest that such experiences can make it difficult for them to cope with their child's diabetes and have a negative impact on their mental health.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the need for culture-appropriate interventions to address the social and emotional needs of such mothers. It is essential to educate families and the community as a whole about the needs of both mothers and children with Type 1 diabetes.
Long-Term Efficacy of Insecticidal Wall Painting for Controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis Vectors in Bangladesh
Authors: Alim Abdul , Huda M Mamun , Ghosh Debashis , Halleux Christine M. , Almahmud Md. , Olliaro Piero L. , Matlashewski Greg , Kroeger Axel , Aseffa Abraham , Mondal Dinesh
Published: September 2023

The success of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination program largely depends on cost-effective vector control measures. Our goal was to investigate the longevity of the efficacy of insecticidal wall painting (IWP), a new vector control tool, compared with a routine indoor residual spraying (IRS) program for reducing the VL vector density in Bangladesh. This study is the extension of our recent IWP study for VL vector management in Bangladesh, which was undertaken in seven highly VL endemic villages of the Mymensingh district with a 12-month follow-up. In this 24-months follow-up study, we collected sand flies additionally at 15, 18, 21, and 24 months since the interventions from the IWP and control (where the program did routine IRS) clusters to examine the longevity of the efficacy of IWP on sand fly density reduction and mortality. The difference-in-differences regression models were used to estimate the effect of IWP on sand fly reduction against Program IRS. The IWP showed excellent performance in reducing sand fly density and increasing sand fly mortality compared with Program IRS. The effect of IWP for controlling sand flies was statistically significant for up to at least 24 months. The mean female Phlebotomus argentipes density reduction ranged from −56% to −83%, and the P. argentipes sand fly mortality ranged from 81% to 99.5% during the 24-month follow-up period. Considering the duration of the efficacy of IWP for controlling VL vectors, Bangladesh National Kala-azar Elimination Program may consider IWP as the best alternative to IRS for the subsequent phases of the program.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Patients in Peru
Authors: García Coralith , Hinostroza Noemí , Gordillo Valeria , Inchaustegui Maria L. , Astocondor Lizeth , Chincha Omayra , Alejos Saúl , Olivera Marco , Bojórquez-Fernández Digna , Concha-Velasco Fátima , Vásquez Nancy , Castaneda-Sabogal Alex , Sullón Pedro , Fernández Víctor , Villegas-Chiroque Miguel , López Enrique , Hueda-Zavaleta Miguel , Vidaurre Ana , Bocángel César , Barco Evelyn , Paricahua Eduardo , Zervos Marcus , Jacobs Jan , Krapp Fiorella
Published: September 2023

There is a knowledge gap in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Peru. Through a surveillance study in 13 hospitals of 10 Peruvian regions (2017–2019), we assessed the proportion of MRSA among S. aureus BSIs as well as the molecular typing of the isolates. A total of 166 S. aureus isolates were collected, and 36.1% of them were MRSA. Of note, MRSA isolates with phenotypic and genetic characteristics of the hospital-associated Chilean-Cordobes clone (multidrug-resistant SCCmec I, non–Panton-Valentine leukocidin [PVL] producers) were most commonly found (70%), five isolates with genetic characteristics of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)—SCCmec IV, PVL-producer—(8.3%) were seen in three separate regions. These results demonstrate that hospital-associated MRSA is the most frequent MRSA found in patients with BSIs in Peru. They also show the emergence of S. aureus with genetic characteristics of CA-MRSA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the extension of CA-MRSA dissemination in Peru.
Decolonising Social work in industrial settings: roles, challenges, and prospects in India
Authors: Subrata DAS and Shyam SINGH
Published: September 2023

Industrial social work is broad domain and a demanding specialization under the social work profession in the world and India. For the welfare of the industrial workers, the Government of India made it compulsory for the employment of Labour Welfare Officers in industrial settings through the enactment of various Labour Laws and Legislations such as the Factory Act, 1948, the Plantation Act, 1951, and the Mines Act, 1952. Professional Social Workers have many challenges and opportunities for their intervention in Industrial settings. The study conducted base on secondary data to highlight the social work activities in and organization. The paper’s primary purpose is to explore the challenges and the perspectives of the social work practice in the industrial settings. Professional social workers usually use the six social work methods to address economic development, social the wellbeing of the workers, and wellbeing of the family members. In addition, all the social work methods consider women development and empowerment, health, education, and sustainable development of the workers and their family members.

Journal website:

https://ajsw.africasocialwork.net

How to reference using ASWNet style:

Das S. and Singh S. (2023). Decolonising Social work in industrial settings: roles, challenges, and prospects in India. African Journal of Social Work, 13(1), 12-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajsw.v13i1.2