bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Monoclonal Antibody for the Rapid Detection of Citrinin in Wine
Authors: Yang Xingdong , Qu Yang , Wang Chenchen , Wu Lihua , Hu Xiaofei
Published: December 2024

The ingestion of food contaminated with citrinin (CIT) poses a variety of health risks to humans and animals. The immunogens (CIT-COOH-BSA, CIT-H-BSA) and detection antigen (CIT-COOH-OVA, CIT-H-OVA) were synthesised using the active ester method (-COOH) and formaldehyde addition method (-H). A hybridoma cell line (3G5) that secretes anti-CIT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was screened via CIT-H-BSA immunisation of mice, cell fusion, and ELISA screening technology. The cell line was injected intraperitoneally to prepare ascites. The reaction conditions for the indirect competitive ELISA (ic-ELISA) were optimised, and an ic-ELISA method for detecting CIT was preliminarily established. The results revealed that the IC50 of CIT from optimised ic-ELISA was 37 pg/mL, the linear detection range was 5.9~230 pg/mL, and the cross-reaction (CR) rate with other analogues was less than 0.01%. The intra-assay and interassay sample recovery rates of CIT were 84.7~92.0% and 83.6~91.6%, and the coefficients of variation (CVs) were less than 10%. The ic-ELISA of CIT established in this study was not significantly different from the HPLC results and is rapid, highly sensitive and strongly specific, providing technical support for the detection of CIT.
Knowledge, Barriers, and Future Directions of Vestibular Rehabilitation Practice in Neurorehabilitation: An Italian Survey
Authors: Ferri Nicola , Morone Giovanni , Piermaria Jacopo , Manzari Leonardo , Turolla Andrea , De Tanti Antonio , Ciancarelli Irene , Pillastrini Paolo , Tramontano Marco
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Vestibular rehabilitation, an evidence-based physical therapy approach, plays a crucial role in managing and recovering from gaze and balance disorders, including those of central origin. This study, targeted at the community of Italian healthcare practitioners, is vital in understanding the application of vestibular rehabilitation in neurological disorders and in identifying knowledge gaps, barriers, and future directions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study directed at healthcare professionals involved in neurorehabilitation in Italy. The survey consisted of 29 items grouped in 4 sections, which was estimated to take approximately 10 min to complete. The questions covered socio-demographic information, professional information, clinical practice, and future perspectives on vestibular rehabilitation. Results: Out of the 435 respondents, 290 completed the survey. Most of the respondents reported either no (32.87%) or little (42.91%) experience in vestibular rehabilitation. However, most participants (72.98%) recognized the importance of vestibular rehabilitation in treating neurological disorders. The most common condition treated was stroke (46.39%), while balance training (52.69%) and visual input exercises (26.35%) were the two most frequently used strategies. The main barriers to implementing vestibular rehabilitation in clinical practice were equipment cost and insufficient skills. Conclusions: Vestibular physical therapy is a promising complementary approach in neurorehabilitation. However, the study reveals a perceived lack of basic training in vestibular assessment and therapy. This suggests that more efforts are needed to bridge this knowledge gap and make necessary equipment more accessible.
Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Differences in Purine and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathways Between Camellia sinensis var. Shuchazao and Camellia ptilophylla
Authors: Khan Waqar , Zheng Peng , Sun Binmei , Liu Shaoqun
Published: December 2024

Tea production and quality are largely determined by the many genetic and biochemical characteristics that occur in tea plant cultivars. Worldwide, tea is consumed for its pleasing and refreshing effects due to its caffeine content. The present study performed transcriptomics analyses of two tea species (Camellia sinensis var. Shuchazao (SCZ) and Camellia ptilophylla (CAF)) and identified diversity in the gene expression levels and major regulatory transcription factors (TFs) for the characterization of purine alkaloids and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. The RNA-seq analysis of two species (SCZ and CAF) revealed the differences in caffeine and catechins synthesis. In the purine alkaloid biosynthesis pathway, the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) pathway genes were significantly related to xanthosine synthesis in contrasting purine alkaloids among (Camellia sinensis var. Shuchazao (SCZ) and Camellia ptilophylla (CAF)). The significant expression of SAMS-5, PPAT-2, IMPDH-2, TCS-2, TCS-3, XMT-1, XMT-13, and XDH-4 in the xanthosine degradation pathway in CAF is attributed to higher theobromine content as compared to SCZ. Moreover, the transcription factors (TFs) AP2/ERF (20%), WRKY (12%), NAC (11%), and MYB (8%) were significantly correlated. The upregulated expression of caffeine synthesis genes in SCZ was correlated with MYB and AP2/ERF transcription factors. This study provides the basis for differences in the genetic mechanism in purine alkaloids, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, which would be helpful in the development and selection of tea plant species with high or low caffeine concentrations. This study also provides a road map for future genetic improvement in tea species and cultivars.
Exploring the Chemical Features and Biomedical Relevance of Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Authors: Moreno-Vargas Liliana Marisol , Prada-Gracia Diego
Published: December 2024

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a diverse group of peptides, typically composed of 4 to 40 amino acids, known for their unique ability to transport a wide range of substances—such as small molecules, plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA, proteins, viruses, and nanoparticles—across cellular membranes while preserving the integrity of the cargo. CPPs exhibit passive and non-selective behavior, often requiring functionalization or chemical modification to enhance their specificity and efficacy. The precise mechanisms governing the cellular uptake of CPPs remain ambiguous; however, electrostatic interactions between positively charged amino acids and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans on the membrane, particularly heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are considered the initial crucial step for CPP uptake. Clinical trials have highlighted the potential of CPPs in diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancer, central nervous system disorders, eye disorders, and diabetes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CPP classifications, potential applications, transduction mechanisms, and the most relevant algorithms to improve the accuracy and reliability of predictions in CPP development.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Gills Following FPPS Knockdown Reveals Its Regulatory Role in Immune Response
Authors: Li Hongrui , Feng Dandan , Zhang Chunyu , Liu Mengfei , Wu Zixuan , Bu Yuke , Zhang Jiquan , Sun Yuying
Published: December 2024

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is a key enzyme in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, responsible for converting isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) into farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). In crustaceans, FPPS plays an important role in various physiological processes, particularly in synthesizing the crustacean-specific hormone methyl farnesoate (MF). This study analyzed the evolutionary differences in the physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, gene structure, and motif composition of FPPS in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis (named NdFPPS) compared to other species. The significant evolutionary divergence of FPPS was observed in crustaceans, likely linked to its role in MF synthesis. After the RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of NdFPPS, transcriptomic analysis of gills revealed the significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pathways related to metabolism and immunity. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that most of these immune-related pathways were significantly suppressed, suggesting that NdFPPS may indirectly regulate the immune response by modulating metabolic levels. During the early stages of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the expression of NdFPPS in the gills was significantly downregulated and subsequently returned to its original levels. Overall, our results provide new perspectives on the role of FPPS in immune regulation and enrich the functional information of FPPS.
Exploring the Impact of Pharmaceutical Excipient PEG400 on the Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid Through In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments
Authors: Li Chaoji , Zhang Min , Zhao Yanni , Yang Dan , Zhao Mei , Shang Leyuan , Sun Xiaodong , Zhang Shuo , Wang Pengjiao , Gao Xiuli
Published: December 2024

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a commonly used immunosuppressant. In the human body, MPA is metabolized into mycophenolic acid 7-O-glucuronide (MPAG) and mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide (AcMPAG) mainly through liver glucuronidation, which involves UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) and transfer proteins. Research has indicated that the pharmaceutical excipient PEG400 can impact drug processes in the body, potentially affecting the pharmacokinetics of MPA. Due to the narrow therapeutic window of MPA, combination therapy is often used, and PEG400 is widely used in pharmaceutical preparations. Therefore, investigating the pharmacokinetic influence of PEG400 on MPA could offer valuable insights for optimizing MPA’s clinical use. In this study, we examined the impact of a single oral dose of PEG400 on the blood levels of MPA in rats through pharmacokinetic analysis. We also investigated the distribution of MPA in various tissues using mass spectrometry imaging. We explored the potential mechanism by which PEG400 affects the metabolism of MPA using hepatic and intestinal microsomes and the Caco-2 cellular transporter model. Our findings reveal that the overall plasma concentrations of MPA were elevated in rats following the co-administration of PEG400, with the AUC0-t of MPA and its metabolite MPAG increasing by 45.53% and 29.44%, respectively. Mass spectrometry imaging showed increased MPA content in tissues after PEG400 administration, with significant differences in the metabolites observed across different tissues. Microsomal and transport experiments showed that PEG400 accelerated the metabolism of MPA, promoted the uptake of MPA, and inhibited efflux. In conclusion, PEG400 alters the in vivo metabolism of MPA, potentially through the modulation of metabolic enzymes and transport.
Lactobacilli-Derived Postmetabolites Are Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Herpes Viruses In Vitro
Authors: Danova Svetla , Dobreva Lili , Mancheva Kapka , Atanasov Georgi , Simeonova Lora , Vilhelmova-Ilieva Neli
Published: December 2024

Herpes viruses are highly contagious agents affecting all classes of vertebrates, thus causing serious health, social, and economic losses. Within the One Health concept, novel therapeutics are extensively studied for both veterinary and human control and management of the infection, but the optimal strategy has not been invented yet. Lactic acid bacteria are key components of the microbiome that are known to play a protective role against pathogens as one of the proposed mechanisms involves compounds released from their metabolic activity. Previously, we reported the anti-herpes effect of postmetabolites isolated from Lactobacilli, and here, we confirm the inhibitory properties of another nine products against the phylogenetically distant human Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and fish Koi Herpes virus (KHV) in cell cultures. Cytotoxicity, cytopathic effect inhibition, virucidal effect, the influence on the adsorption stage of the virus to the cells, as well as the protective effect of the postmetabolites on healthy cells were evaluated. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced against HSV-1 than against KHV at all studied viral cycle stages. Regarding the intracellular replicative steps, samples S7, S8, and S9 (Mix group) isolated from Ligilactobacillus salivarius (vaginal strain) demonstrated the most distinct effect with calculated selective indices (SIs) in the range between 69.4 and 77.8 against HSV-1, and from 62.2 to 68.4 against KHV. Bioactive metabolites from various LAB species significantly inhibit extracellular HSV-1 and, to a lesser extent, KHV virions. The blockage of viral adsorption to the host cells was remarkable, as recorded by a decrease in the viral titer with Δlg ≥ 5 in the Mix group for both herpes viruses. The remaining postmetabolites also significantly inhibited viral adsorption to varying degrees with Δlg ≥ 3. Most metabolites also exerted a protective effect on healthy MDBK and CCB cells to subsequent experimental viral infection. Our results reveal new horizons for the application of LAB and their postbiotic products in the prevention and treatment of herpes diseases.
Inhibitory Activity of N- and S-Functionalized Monoterpene Diols Towards Monoamine Oxidases A and B
Authors: Podturkina Alexandra V. , Ardashov Oleg V. , Soldatova Yuliya V. , Poletaeva Darya A. , Smolina Anastasiya V. , Vasyuchenko Ekaterina P. , Vyatkin Yuri V. , Li-Zhulanov Nikolai S. , Faingold Irina I. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Volcho Konstantin P.
Published: December 2024

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are widely used as part of combination drug therapy for Parkinson’s disease. As demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the monoterpenoid Prottremine and some of its derivatives exhibit high antiparkinsonian activity. In this study, the inhibitory activity of Prottremine and its derivatives (including 14 new 9-N- and S-derivatives) against MAO-A and MAO-B enzymes has been investigated for the first time. Compounds containing fragments of substituted anilines have demonstrated the highest activity against MAO-A; for example, compound 28 had an IC50 of 178 ± 44 μM. A significant proportion of the compounds tested, including Prottremine, exhibited moderate inhibitory activity towards MAO-B, with the most active being the o-aminoacetophenone derivative, which had an IC50 of 95 ± 5 μM. A molecular docking method for studying murine MAO-A and -B enzymes was developed using AlphaFold2 (v2.3.2), with further improvements. For the MAO-B enzyme, a strong correlation was observed between the molecular docking data and the measured activity of the compounds, with the maximum binding affinity registered for the most active compound. It is conceivable that the antiparkinsonian activity of Prottremine and some of its derivatives may be partially mediated, among other mechanisms, by MAO-B enzyme inhibition.
Phytic Acid Delays the Senescence of Rosa roxburghii Fruit by Regulating Antioxidant Capacity and the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle
Authors: Dong Boyu , Chen Yulong , Kuang Chengyue , Da Fangfang , Ding Xiaochun
Published: December 2024

Rosa roxburghii fruit has a short postharvest shelf life, with rapid declines in quality and antioxidant capacity. This research assessed how phytic acid affects the antioxidant capacity and quality of R. roxburghii fruit while in the postharvest storage period and reveals its potential mechanism of action. The findings suggested that phytic acid treatment inhibits the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhances the activities and expressions of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while decreasing the generation of superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Phytic acid treatment activates the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and enhances the activity and expression of key enzymes in the cycle: ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR). It also increases the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), while reducing the production of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Moreover, phytic acid treatment enhances the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG, maintaining the reduced state of the fruit. In summary, phytic acid improves antioxidant defense system and activates the AsA-GSH cycle, alleviating oxidative damage and ensuring R. roxburghii fruit quality after harvest.
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Treatment Results in Growth Promotion, Main Flavonoids Extraction, and Phytochemical Profile Modulation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Roots
Authors: Grzelka Kajetan , Matkowski Adam , Chodaczek Grzegorz , Jaśpińska Joanna , Pawlikowska-Bartosz Anna , Słupski Wojciech , Lechniak Dorota , Szumacher-Strabel Małgorzata , Olorunlowu Segun , Szulc Karolina , Cieślak Adam , Ślusarczyk Sylwester
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment as a method very likely to result in reversible electroporation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi underground organs, resulting in increased mass transfer and secondary metabolites leakage. PEF treatment with previously established empirically tailored parameters [E = 0.3 kV/cm (U = 3 kV, d = 10 cm), t = 50 µs, N = 33 f = 1 Hz] was applied 1–3 times to S. baicalensis roots submerged in four different Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) media (1—choline chloride/xylose (1:2) + 30% water, 2—choline chloride/glucose (1:2) + 30% water, 3—choline chloride/ethylene glycol (1:2), and 4—tap water (EC = 0.7 mS/cm). Confocal microscopy was utilized to visualize the impact of PEF treatment on the root cells in situ. As a result of plant cell membrane permeabilization, an extract containing major active metabolites was successfully acquired in most media, achieving the best results using medium 1 and repeating the PEF treatment twice (baicalein <LOQ, baicalin 12.85 µg/mL, wogonin 2.15 µg/mL, and wogonoside 3.01 µg/mL). Wogonin concentration in NADES media was on par with the control (plants harvested on the day of the experiment, ultrasound-mediated methanolic extraction, Cwogonin = 2.15 µg/mL). After successful extraction, PEF treatment allowed the plants to continue growing, with the lowest survival rate across treated groups being 60%. Additionally, an enhancement in plant growth parameters (length and fresh mass of the roots) and significant changes in the S. baicalensis root phytochemical profile were also observed.
Prevalence of High Frequency Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Medical Students Using Personalized Listening Devices
Authors: Gajendran Aishwarya , Devi Rajendiran Gayathri , Prateep Aishwarya , Satindra Harshith , Rajendran Rashmika
Published: December 2024

The misuse of personalized listening devices (PLDs) resulting in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has become a public health concern, especially among youths, including medical students. The occupational use of PLDs that produce high-intensity sounds amplifies the danger of cochlear deterioration and high-frequency NIHL especially when used in noisy environments. This study aims to evaluate the incidence and trends of NIHL among medical students using PLDs. Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of high-frequency NIHL among PLD-using medical students. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire covering details on PLD usage, exposure to noisy environments, and hearing difficulties was used to gather the data required. Conventional pure-tone audiometry with extended high-frequency audiometry was preceded by routine clinical evaluation using tuning fork tests and otoscopic examination for hearing loss assessment and to rule out middle-ear pathology. Hearing impairment was determined and categorized according to the Goodman and Clark classification system (250 Hz to 8000 kHz). SPSS version 21 was used in the analysis of the frequency data collected. Results: Out of 100 participants, using conventional PTA, 33% were found to have hearing loss, with 42.9% of males and 23.5% of females affected. Bilateral hearing loss was seen in 36.4% of the cases. Left-sided hearing loss was found to be more common (28%). The duration of usage of PLD had a significant correlation with hearing loss with a p-value < 0.0001. Hearing thresholds were significantly elevated at 16 kHz and 18 kHz in both the right and left ear. Conclusions: The high prevalence of PLD misuse among medical students is a major risk factor for NIHL. To help combat chronic hearing loss, students need to be educated about safe listening levels that can prevent further damage to the cochlea and auditory system.
Orthodontic Management in Pediatric Patients with Rare Diseases: Case Reports
Authors: Luzzi Valeria , Fioravanti Miriam , Mitrano Lilia , Marasca Beatrice , Saccucci Matteo , Celli Mauro , Celli Luca , Vozza Iole , Ierardo Gaetano
Published: December 2024

Background: The orthodontic management of pediatric patients with rare diseases, such as Ectodermal Dysplasia (ED) and Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), requires complex protocols due to dental anomalies in both the number and structure of teeth. These conditions necessitate a departure from traditional orthodontic approaches, as skeletal anchoring is often required because of these anomalies. Case Presentation: A patient with ED, characterized by hypodontia and malformed teeth, presented with insufficient natural teeth for anchorage. This challenge was addressed using a Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) with miniscrews. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and cephalometric radiographs were used to assess bone density, which guided the creation of a customized hybrid device. A second patient with OI, a condition causing fragile bones, had malformed teeth and a high risk of fractures. Skeletal anchoring with MSE and miniscrews was chosen to avoid damaging brittle bones. The fragile nature of the patient’s bones required careful planning and close monitoring throughout the treatment process. Both patients were treated at the UOC of Pediatric Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, using MSE with miniscrews. Pre- and post-treatment imaging (CBCT and cephalometric radiographs) were used to evaluate bone quality and monitor progress. Skeletal anchoring successfully addressed the unique challenges in both cases, achieving outcomes comparable to those in unaffected patients. Discsussions: despite limited bone volume, MSE successfully achieved maxillary arch expansion and improved occlusion. Post-treatment radiographs showed successful maxillary expansion and alignment without complications. Conclusions: This case series highlighted the effectiveness of MSE with miniscrews in treating patients with rare diseases. It advances orthodontic management by offering reliable solutions for complex cases involving dental anomalies and compromised bone structures.
Content Validity of a New Soccer (Football) Return-to-Play Test: The RONDO-TEST
Authors: Matas Sergi , Lalín Carlos , Corbi Francisco , Planas-Anzano Antoni , Moya José M. , Mas-Alòs Sebastià , Peirau-Terés Xavier
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim was to assess the content validity of a new field test on general and soccer-specific motor skills before return to play. Methods: The RONDO-TEST was assessed by a Delphi panel for its content validity. It included a survey to evaluate 16 items related to the test consisting of four 10 m lines which cross over at their mid-point, resulting in eight 5 m sectors that include locomotor skills (speeding, moving sideways, side cutting, and jumping) and soccer-specific technical skills (dribbling, slalom course, and kicking/passing). The content validity was calculated with the Aiken’s V coefficient of acceptance at 0.69 and 95% of confidence interval. Results: Eight experts participated in the Delphi and agreed on the administration procedures after three rounds of suggestions. Major changes included the order of execution and the descriptions of the sectors. The results showed consensus (V = 1, maximum acceptance) for the clarity of instructions, the relevance of the skills to be evaluated, the order of execution, the materials and the relevance of measuring total and partial sector times. Conclusions: The RONDO-TEST may be feasible and simple to administer and evaluate technical functional skills (actions) and condition-related abilities (e.g., the ability to repeat the test, fatigue curve, etc.), which are relevant aspects for return to play under optimum conditions.
Development of Aspergillus oryzae BCC7051 as a Robust Cell Factory Towards the Transcriptional Regulation of Protease-Encoding Genes for Industrial Applications
Authors: Panchanawaporn Sarocha , Chutrakul Chanikul , Jeennor Sukanya , Anantayanon Jutamas , Laoteng Kobkul
Published: December 2024

Enzyme-mediated protein degradation is a major concern in industrial fungal strain improvement, making low-proteolytic strains preferable for enhanced protein production. Here, we improved food-grade Aspergillus oryzae BCC7051 by manipulating the transcriptional regulation of protease-encoding genes. Genome mining of the transcription factor AoprtR and computational analysis confirmed its deduced amino acid sequence sharing evolutionary conservation across Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. The AoPrtR protein, which is classified into the Zn(II)2-Cys6-type transcription factor family, manipulates both intra- and extracellular proteolytic enzymes. Our transcriptional analysis indicated that the regulation of several protease-encoding genes was AoPrtR-dependent, with AoPrtR acting as a potent activator for extracellular acid-protease-encoding genes and a likely repressor for intracellular non-acid-protease-encoding genes. An indirect regulatory mechanism independent of PrtR may enhance proteolysis. Moreover, AoPrtR disruption increased extracellular esterase production by 2.55-fold, emphasizing its role in protein secretion. Our findings highlight the complexity of AoPrtR-mediated regulation by A. oryzae. Manipulation of regulatory processes through AoPrtR prevents secreted protein degradation and enhances the quantity of extracellular proteins, suggesting the low-proteolytic variant as a promising platform for the production of these proteins. This modified strain has biotechnological potential for further refinement and sustainable production of bio-based products in the food, feed, and nutraceutical industries.
Molecular Mechanism During Mycelium Subculture Degeneration of Volvariella volvacea
Authors: Feng Lidan , Wang Lujuan , Lei Yuanxi , Li Jie , Zhao Fengyun
Published: December 2024

Periodic mycelial subculture is a method commonly used for the storage of edible mushrooms, but excessive subculturing can lead to the degeneration of strains. In this study, the Volvariella volvacea strain V971(M0) was successively subcultured on PDA medium every 4 days, and one generation of strains was preserved every 4 months. Thus, five generations of subcultured strains (M1–M5) were obtained after 20 months of mycelial subculturing, their production traits were determined, and transcriptomic analysis was performed using RNA-seq; the differentially expressed genes were verified via RT-qPCR. The results showed that as the number of subcultures increased, the diameter of the mycelium and biological efficiency gradually decreased; in addition, the time in which the primordium formed increased and the production cycle was lengthened, while strains M4 and M5 lacked the ability to produce fruiting bodies. There were 245 differentially expressed genes between the M1–M5 and M0 strains, while the highest number of differentially expressed genes was between M3 and M0, at 1439; the smallest number of differentially expressed genes was between M2 and M0, at 959. GO enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in metabolic processes, organelle components, and catalytic activities. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. The further annotation of differentially expressed genes showed that 39, 24, and 24 differentially expressed genes were related to substrate degradation, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, and reactive oxygen species metabolism, respectively. The downregulation of the related differentially expressed genes would lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibit nutrient absorption and energy acquisition, and lead to the degradation of V. volvacea. These findings could form a theoretical basis for the degeneration mechanism of V. volvacea, and also provide a basis for the molecular function study of the genes related to strain degradation.
Exploratory Studies on RNAi-Based Therapies Targeting Angiotensinogen in Hypertension: Scoping Review
Authors: Menezes Junior Antonio da Silva , Nogueira Thallys Henrique Marques , de Lima Khissya Beatryz Alves , de Oliveira Henrique Lima , Botelho Silvia Marçal
Published: December 2024

Background: Systemic arterial hypertension contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many patients cannot achieve optimal blood pressure (BP) control with traditional therapies, which often results in poor patient adherence and limited long-term efficacy. We investigated the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) therapies targeting hepatic angiotensinogen (AGT) for hypertension management. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by the Joanna Briggs Institute, following a six-stage methodological framework and adhering to PRISMA recommendations. A comprehensive search was conducted across seven databases to identify relevant studies published until May 2024. Data extraction was performed separately, and both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. A population, concept, and context model-based search was performed, selecting controlled MeSH terms and uncontrolled descriptors and cross-referencing them using Booleans. Results: Fifteen articles met our inclusion criteria. Focusing on the efficacy and safety of RNAi-based therapies, this review discusses several key approaches, including antisense oligonucleotides (IONIS-AGT-LRx), small interfering RNA (siRNAs; zilebesiran), and adeno-associated viruses carrying short hairpin RNAs. Notably, zilebesiran conjugated with N-acetylgalactosamine significantly reduced systolic BP by 20 mmHg, sustained for up to six months post-administration, with minimal adverse effects. Conclusions: RNAi-based therapies, particularly those using siRNAs, such as zilebesiran, are promising for the treatment of hypertension. They offer long-term BP control with fewer doses, potentially improving patient adherence and outcome. Although these therapies address several limitations of current antihypertensive treatments, further studies are required to confirm their long-term safety and efficacy.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of “Water-Energy-Food-Ecology” System Resilience
Authors: Yang Yaofeng , Chen Yajuan , Li Xiuqing
Published: December 2024

Research into the resilience of the water-energy-food-ecology (WEFE) system is of great significance to ensure the safety and high quality of resources in the Yellow River Basin. To investigate WEFE system resilience and its influencing factors, this paper constructs an indicator system for WEFE system resilience based on prefecture-level city data from the Yellow River Basin spanning the years 2008 to 2021, and explores its dynamic evolution. Furthermore, this paper employs the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model to explore the factors influencing WEFE system resilience. It utilizes a spatial panel model to investigate the spatial spillover effects of these factors. The results indicate that WEFE system resilience in the Yellow River Basin exhibits a fluctuating upward trend. Spatially, a pattern of “low in the middle and upstream regions, high in the downstream regions” emerges. Among the driving factors, infrastructure development and the degree of innovation exhibit negative spatial spillover effects, while other factors demonstrate positive spatial spillover effects. Therefore, integrated basin management needs to be promoted by considering the systematic interlinkages of water, energy, food production and ecology and the sustainable use of resources to ensure the long-term resilience of cities. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to formulate more effective and coordinated resource management strategies in the Yellow River Basin, and also contributes to enriching the international literature on WEFE system research.
Assessing Four Decades of Land Use and Land Cover Change: Policy Impacts and Environmental Dynamics in the Min River Basin, Fujian, China
Authors: Huang Weixuan , Shrestha Anil , Xie Yifan , Yan Jianwu , Wang Jingxin , Guo Futao , Cao Yuee , Wang Guangyu
Published: December 2024

Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is crucial in sustainable land management. Over the past four decades, the Min River Basin (MRB) has experienced significant LULCC. This study investigated the dynamics of LULCC over these decades (1980–2020) and discusses the key drivers of land use change in different stages. First, we mapped and quantified changes (i.e., LULCC and landscape indices) in forests, croplands, urban areas, and water bodies from 1980 to 2020 using the China National Land Use/Cover Change (CNLUCC) and ArcGIS Pro 2.3. Second, by analyzing existing policies, we categorized four decades of LULCC trends from 1980 to 2020, delineating three distinct stages: (1) the Economic Restoration (ER) stage (1978–1989), when the ecological impacts of LULCC on forests, croplands, and water bodies received limited policy attention; (2) the Construction of Ecological Protection and Economic Development (EPED) stage (1989–2012), which saw a significant increase in forest coverage, primarily driven by various central and provincial environmental conservation policies, such as the Green for Grain and the “Three-Five-Seven Reforestation Project” in Fujian; and (3) the Ecological Civilization (EC) stage (2012–2020), in which policy focus shifted from expanding forest land areas to enhancing the quality of these areas. However, the cropland area has decreased due to urbanization policies and population migration from rural to urban areas, including the above-mentioned forest policies. Thus, this study highlights the complex relationship between different land use land cover policies, as some policies had synergistic effects between the policies and positive outcomes, while other policies showed conflicting outcomes. Our results emphasize the importance of integrated land and water resource management and provide insights for policymakers to balance development and environmental conservation policies in the MRB.
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Carbon Storage in Black Soil Area Under Topographic Gradient
Authors: Gai Zhaoxue , Zheng Wenlu , Faye Bonoua , Wang Hongyan , Du Guoming
Published: December 2024

Exploring the characteristics and driving factors of carbon storage change in different terrain gradient variations can provide important insights for formulating the agricultural ecological protection policy for regional development. Previous studies have used the fixed value of carbon density to evaluate the change characteristics of carbon storage but ignored the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of carbon storage at the block scale and the impact of policy factors. Thus, this paper takes Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province, China, as a study area, and the spatio-temporal variation of carbon storage at different topographic gradients was revealed using hot and cold spot analysis and zonal statistics. Through the geographic detector and estimation of the soil carbon density model, the driving factors and intensity of carbon storage spatial distribution are revealed from 1990 to 2020. We conducted analyses on aboveground biomass, underground biomass, and soil carbon storage across three elevation levels (0–200 m, 200–500 m, 500–999 m) to reveal the quantitative distribution features of carbon storage. The study analysis finds that carbon storage indicates a sawtooth evolution during the study period. Carbon storage was dominant at elevation I (range is 0–200 m), slope I (range is 0–2°), and relief amplitude I (range is 0–30 m). Additionally, the carbon storage losses were severe at elevation II (range is 200–500 m), slope II (2–6°), and relief amplitude II (30–70 m). In contrast, the carbon storage losses at elevation III (500–999 m), slope III (6–15°), and relief amplitude III (70–186 m) were insignificant. The spatial pattern of carbon storage varies significantly under different topographic gradients from 1990 to 2020. The most critical driving factors influencing the spatial distribution pattern of carbon storage were land use and annual average temperature. Distance to urban centers and soil texture also moderately influence the distribution of carbon storage. As the topographic gradient increases, the dominant factors of carbon storage gradually change from annual mean temperature and the extent of land use to policy factors and other socio-economic factors. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing policies that convert farmland to forests and wetlands and promote the green transformation of agriculture.
Has Digitalization Boosted the Rural Tourism Income?—Evidence from Prefecture-Level City Panel Data in China
Authors: Zhang Qirui , Feng Hao , Feng Xinhui , Xu Wangfang , Wei Longbao
Published: December 2024

The agricultural industry is a vital driver of rural economic development and a primary income source for farmers. Rural tourism, which relies on rural resources, is a key component of the agricultural industry. With the rapid development of agricultural digitalization, the income of the rural tourism industry has been significantly influenced. This article categorizes rural tourism landscapes into cultural and natural types based on regional resources. It examines the impact of digitalization on rural tourism income using the generalized least squares method with panel models and explores the mechanisms of digitalization’s influence through a moderation effect model. Analysis indicates that digitalization positively impacts rural tourism with noticeable regional heterogeneity. There is also a significant positive moderating effect of synergistic cultural and natural factors. Natural factors positively affect rural tourism, with digitalization having the most pronounced positive moderating effect on income from natural landscapes. This article suggests that decision-makers should promote digital development to boost rural tourism revenue, tailoring digitalization efforts to regional conditions and focusing on the unique characteristics of natural and cultural landscapes to effectively enhance the rural tourism industry.
Wisdom of Landscape Construction of China’s West Lakes in Historical Period and Its Implications
Authors: Jia Lyuyuan , Lin Qing , Wang Xiyue , Jia Wenzhen , Zhao Ying , Zhang Zhiqing , Cui Ziqi , Chen Song , Jin Aibo
Published: December 2024

West Lake holds a significant position internationally. This article studies the spatial distribution, historical development, functions, and the lake–city spatial relationship of 81 West Lakes (WLs), as well as their landscape characteristics. The results indicate the following: (1) The overall spatial distribution of WLs is related to China’s history of water conservancy development. (2) The evolution of and functional changes in WLs are influenced by multiple factors such as politics, economy, and culture during different historical periods and are directly related to the will of local administrators. (3) The initial functions of WLs can be categorized into three types, primarily related to urban infrastructure. (4) In terms of spatial relationships, there are four types of spatial relationships between WLs and their water sources and three types of spatial relationships between WLs and cities, forming a common pattern of “Mountains/Hills(–Water)–WL(–Water)–Cities(–Water, River, Sea)” or “WL(–Water)–Cities(–Water, River, Sea)”. (5) The scenery of WLs comprises six elements, including natural basements, water conservancy facilities, human settlements, secularization, landscape architecture, and animal and human activities, all imbued with poetic cultural connotations. Furthermore, this study summarizes three causes of WLs’ scenery; excavates the historical wisdom of WLs in terms of a holistic approach, ecological techniques, dynamic management, and landscape esthetics; and subsequently proposes recommendations for lake ecological governance and landscape construction.
Sustainable Urban Design Approach for Public Spaces Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Yaralioglu Ipek , Kara Can
Published: December 2024

Urban public spaces hold significant importance in societal life, playing crucial roles in the development and sustainability of urban environments. These spaces face numerous challenges in the contemporary era. This study examines how sustainable public space design should be structured within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Goal 11, and the parameters set forth by Project for Public Spaces Inc. (PPS), a highly influential non-profit organization based in the United States that provides research, training, technical assistance, planning, and design recommendations. Qualitative data collection methods, including literature review, expert interviews, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), are employed to evaluate various sustainability criteria. AHP is used to prioritize the criteria and sub-criteria derived from SDG and PPS frameworks. Through this method, the necessary parameters for a sustainable public space design model are identified based on expert opinions. The findings indicate that physical structure is the top priority criterion for public space sustainability. Historical value, green infrastructure, and ecological efficiency emerge as the highest priority parameters. Among social criteria, security and control, comfort, active and passive interaction, continuity, detectability, and meaning are significant. Economic vitality criteria include contributions to the local and urban economy, increasing local employment, contributions to tourism, and service diversity. Administrative coordination criteria encompass protection, investment incentives, and effective coordination. The study proposes a comprehensive model for sustainable public space design that integrates physical, social, economic, and administrative dimensions. The model emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and stakeholder involvement in ensuring urban areas are resilient, inclusive, and sustainable. Key priorities include the protection of historical values, the development of green infrastructure, and the enhancement of ecological efficiency. Future research should explore the application of this model in different urban contexts to validate and refine its effectiveness.
The Potential Effect of Bualuang (White Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Extract on Sperm Quality and Metabolomic Profiles in Mancozeb-Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Rats
Authors: Laoung-on Jiraporn , Nuchniyom Pimchanok , Intui Ketsarin , Jaikang Churdsak , Saenphet Kanokporn , Boonyapranai Kongsak , Konguthaithip Giatgong , Outaitaveep Nopparuj , Phankhieo Sasitorn , Sudwan Paiwan
Published: December 2024

Mancozeb (MZ), an EBDC fungicide, has been found to contaminate agricultural products and cause male reproductive toxicity. The phytochemical compounds of white N. nucifera petal extract (WNPE) and its effects on metabolomic profiles and reproductive function in male rats poisoned with MZ were investigated. Seventy-two mature male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups (n = 8) and, for 30 days, were gavaged with WNPE at doses of 0.55, 1.10, and 2.20 mg/kg; were given distilled water; or were co-gavaged with MZ and WNPE. By evaluating the 1H-NMR of WNPE, myricetin, apigenin, luteolin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid, genistein, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, and ellagic acid were found, and the essential minerals were evaluated by AAS. The NMR spectra demonstrated that creatine, carnitine, ACh, and choline in WNPE were significantly higher than that in MZ. The gavaging of the rats with WNPE before poisoning them with MZ improved creatine, carnitine, acetylcholine, progressive sperm motility, sperm viability, and normal sperm morphology compared to rats who only received MZ. It was concluded that MZ had a toxicity effect on the male reproductive system via decreased metabolomic profiles, affecting sperm motility, sperm viability, and normal sperm morphology. Nevertheless, WNPE had plenty of bioactive compounds that could enhance creatine, carnitine, and acetylcholine, which are related to sperm quality in male rats. WNPE should be considered as an alternative dietary supplement that can protect against MZ toxicity and enhance sperm quality in the male rat reproductive system.
Design and Development of a New Web Platform for the Management of Physical Flows and Customs Documents at Port Terminals
Authors: Lupi Marino , Conte Daniele , Benenati Stefano , Farina Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Background: Telematization is essential for improving port efficiency by reducing dwell times and simplifying document management. Currently, only a few ports use informatic document management tools like the Port Community System (PCS), and customs documents are produced and shared in paper format. This results in long port dwell times. Methods: A platform was developed to allow sharing of documents among port actors. The platform shares export documents of each given shipment between export and import port actors; moreover, it serves as a document management platform for ports lacking PCS. In addition, the platform helps in reorganizing the shipment in case of disruptions. Results: The platform has global validity as it allows users to share documents among all port actors worldwide. The platform is formed by the following menus: “Path”, which provides the intermodal freight path; “Shipment”, which allows one to create or change shipment data; “Send notify” to send notifies in case of disruptions; “PMIS and PCS”, which redirects to these platforms of ports involved in the project; and “Documents”, which allows one to upload and share customs documents at the global level. Conclusions: The app contributes to speeding up port operations by reducing dwell times, assists in managing shipment disruptions, and enhances intermodality in freight transportation.
Effects of Rice Husk Ash Particle Size and Luxan Value Influence on Mortar Properties and Proposal of Hydration Ratio Measurement Method
Authors: Kim Junho , Fumino Hikaru , Kanematsu Manabu
Published: December 2024

A fundamental study has been conducted on the effective utilization of rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete. RHA is an agricultural byproduct characterized by silicon dioxide as its main component, with a content of 90% or more and a porous structure that absorbs water during mixing, thereby reducing fluidity. The quality of RHA varies depending on the calcination environment; however, the effect is not consistent. In this study, the pore structure was modified, and fluidity was improved by adjusting the particle size of the RHA. From a quality control perspective, this study aims to classify grades using Luxan values. While the characterization of RHA is based on Luxan values, the methodology for measuring its hydration response has not been reviewed. The test methods used in this study are as follows. To test the raw materials, density, specific surface area, XRF, SEM, and isothermal adsorption–desorption curves were measured, and fluidity was measured in fresh mortar. In a hardened mortar, compressive strength and drying shrinkage length change rate were measured. In addition, XRD and TG were measured for specimens after the compressive strength test. The selective dissolution method was used to measure the hydration rate. By adjusting the particle size of RHA to 45 µm, fluidity was enhanced. The relationship between the Luxan value and the basic properties of the mortar indicates that higher Luxan values correspond to greater compressive strength and drying shrinkage. We believe that the method used in this experiment can be used to quantify RHA.