bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from Chile for beer production
Authors: Moreira-Ramos Sandra , Saavedra-Torrico Jorge , G-Poblete Camila , Godoy Olivares Liliana , Sangorrin Marcela , Ganga María Angélica
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and this industry is a growing market that demands different properties to satisfy new consumers. The yeasts are used in different fermented beverages to contribute to new flavors. However, yeast strains used in the beer industry are limited so far, thus the diversity of flavors is very restricted. Therefore, the use of native yeast strains has been taking more importance with the purpose of conferring differentiated organoleptic properties to the product. Based on this observation the potentiality of native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains obtained from different localities in Chile was researched.

Methods

In this work was selected those strains that produced the highest ethanol concentration (nearly 6% v/v), consumed the highest amounts of sugars, and produced the lowest amounts of organic acids in the resulting beers. Finally, we did a beer tasting to select those strains that added different flavors to the final beer compared with a commercial strain used.

Results and discussion

In this study, two native strains that produced fruity descriptors are described, which could be used in the future in brewing, craft or industrial production.
A novel rapid bioluminescence-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing method based on adenosine triphosphate consumption
Authors: Sever Elif Arik , Aybakan Esma , Beşli Yeşim , Karatuna Onur , Kocagoz Tanil
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Standard, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods require 16–20 h of incubation and are considered as the bottleneck in providing timely input for appropriate antimicrobial treatment. In this study, a novel adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bioluminescence-based method which allows rapid AST within 3 h was described.

Methods

Standard AST was performed for 56 Enterobacterales isolates using EUCAST disk diffusion (DD) methodology. For the bioluminescence-based rapid AST, suspensions of bacteria were prepared using Mueller–Hinton broth to obtain a turbidity of 0.5 McFarland. The suspensions were distributed into 96-well microtiter plates. ATP (20 mM) and fixed concentrations of different antibiotics were added. Following incubation at 37°C for 1 h, a luminescent reaction mixture, including the substrate luciferin and luciferase enzyme solutions, was added. The chemiluminescence was monitored using an imaging system. Light production demonstrated the presence of ATP, indicating that the isolate was susceptible to the antibiotic in the well. Absence or decrease of light intensity, compared with the growth control well, indicated the use of ATP as an indirect measure of bacterial growth, and therefore resistance to the antibiotic in the well.

Results

The novel AST method was tested using a total of 348 test wells. Concordance was achieved for 290 (83.3%) of the tests, whereas 52 (14.9%) and 6 (1.7%) tests caused minor and major errors, respectively.

Discussion

In this study, a bioluminescence-based rapid AST was developed based on the consumption of ATP by bacteria. Our method’s uniqueness relies on determining ATP consumption by microorganisms in the presence or absence of an antibiotic. The novel AST method described in this study lays the groundwork for obtaining rapid results, which should be considered as a proof of concept. With further optimization studies, this novel method can provide higher accuracy and be introduced into clinical practice as a routine AST method.
Mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and beyond in pancreatic β-cells and diabetes
Authors: Rivera Nieves Alejandra María , Wauford Brian Michael , Fu Accalia
Published: February 2024

In Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, pancreatic β-cell survival and function are impaired. Additional etiologies of diabetes include dysfunction in insulin-sensing hepatic, muscle, and adipose tissues as well as immune cells. An important determinant of metabolic health across these various tissues is mitochondria function and structure. This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in diabetes pathogenesis, with a specific emphasis on pancreatic β-cells. These dynamic organelles are obligate for β-cell survival, function, replication, insulin production, and control over insulin release. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondria are severely defective in diabetic contexts. Mitochondrial dysfunction poses challenges to assess in cause-effect studies, prompting us to assemble and deliberate the evidence for mitochondria dysfunction as a cause or consequence of diabetes. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes and identifying therapeutic strategies to restore mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance β-cell function are active and expanding areas of research. In summary, this review examines the multidimensional role of mitochondria in diabetes, focusing on pancreatic β-cells and highlighting the significance of mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, calcium, dynamics, and mitophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetes. We describe the effects of diabetes-related gluco/lipotoxic, oxidative and inflammation stress on β-cell mitochondria, as well as the role played by mitochondria on the pathologic outcomes of these stress paradigms. By examining these aspects, we provide updated insights and highlight areas where further research is required for a deeper molecular understanding of the role of mitochondria in β-cells and diabetes.
Astrocytes as critical players of the fine balance between inhibition and excitation in the brain: spreading depolarization as a mechanism to curb epileptic activity
Authors: Enger Rune , Heuser Kjell
Published: February 2024

Spreading depolarizations (SD) are slow waves of complete depolarization of brain tissue followed by neuronal silencing that may play a role in seizure termination. Even though SD was first discovered in the context of epilepsy research, the link between SD and epileptic activity remains understudied. Both seizures and SD share fundamental pathophysiological features, and recent evidence highlights the frequent occurrence of SD in experimental seizure models. Human data on co-occurring seizures and SD are limited but suggestive. This mini-review addresses possible roles of SD during epileptiform activity, shedding light on SD as a potential mechanism for terminating epileptiform activity. A common denominator for many forms of epilepsy is reactive astrogliosis, a process characterized by morphological and functional changes to astrocytes. Data suggest that SD mechanisms are potentially perturbed in reactive astrogliosis and we propose that this may affect seizure pathophysiology.
Case report: Klinefelter syndrome may protect against the development of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Akanuma Haruna , Kadowaki Suguru , Kanai Kazuaki
Published: February 2024

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked recessive motor neuron disease caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. It is thought that the nuclear translocation of abnormal AR proteins following binding to testosterone triggers the onset of the disease. We report the case of a patient who had SBMA coincident with Klinefelter syndrome. He developed SBMA symptoms rapidly after receiving androgen replacement therapy for Klinefelter syndrome. No cases of coincident SBMA and Klinefelter syndrome have been reported, and if confirmed by further patients in future, that androgen hormones are strongly associated with the development and progression of SBMA in fact in humans.
Causality of unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Junchen , Shen Qian , Guo Chenqi , Wang Yingdong , Ma Yuxiao , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2024

Background

Many observational studies have identified a link between unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis. However, they contain reverse causality and confounding factors, and there is no definite causal study between unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis.

Objectives

Analysis of causality between unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis by Mendelian randomization.

Methods

We used IEU Open GWAS Project, omega-3 PUFA and omega-6 PUFA data from 114,999 subjects, MUFA data from 13,535 subjects, and psoriasis data from 4,510 cases and 212,242 controls were included. We employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytical approach and four additional MR methods. Moreover, we performed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy assessments using Cochrane’s Q and MR-Egger intercept tests, respectively. Finally, we performed sensitivity analyses to enhance our findings’ precision and veracity.

Results

IVW results showed no causal effect of omega-3 PUFA on psoriasis (p = 0.334; OR, 0.909; 95% CI, 0.748–1.104), omega-6 PUFA cause psoriasis (p = 0.046; OR, 1.174; 95% CI, 1.003–1.374), MUFA cause psoriasis (p = 0.032; OR, 1.218; 95% CI, 1.018–1.457), no causal effect of omega-3 PUFA in psoriasis (p = 0.695; OR, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.937–1.044), no causal effect of omega-6 PUFA in psoriasis (p = 0.643; OR, 1.013; 95% CI, 0.960–1.068), psoriasis is not causal to MUFA (p = 0.986; OR, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.949–1.055). Heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and sensitivity analyses showed reliable results.

Conclusion

We found that circulating omega-6 PUFA and MUFA cause psoriasis, while omega-3 PUFA do not. Treatments that lower circulating omega-6 PUFA and MUFA are effective in psoriasis. After a better understanding of fatty acid intake and circulation, the population can be advised to regulate their diet.
Challenges on blue food provision
Authors: Morales-Nin Beatriz , Zimmermann Fabian , Merino Gorka , Antelo Luis T. , Murillas-Maza Arantxa , Moksness Erlend
Published: February 2024

According to the objectives of Frontiers in Ocean Sustainability's Blue Food Provision section, our aim is to contribute to addressing the rising challenges created on marine resources due to global change, unsustainable practices, regulatory barriers, and other constraints. We focus on existing and emerging knowledge, technologies and tools to build capacity and maximize the contribution of marine food systems to food security (i.e., fisheries and aquaculture), nutrition and affordable healthy diets, and social equality, ensuring the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Molecular screening with liquid biopsy for anti-EGFR retreatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: preliminary data from the randomized phase 2 PARERE trial
Authors: Germani Marco Maria , Vetere Guglielmo , Giordano Mirella , Ciracì Paolo , Capone Iolanda , Tamborini Elena , Conca Elena , Busico Adele , Pietrantonio Filippo , Piva Vittoria Matilde , Boccaccino Alessandra , Simionato Francesca , Bortolot Martina , Manca Paolo , Lonardi Sara , Conca Veronica , Borelli Beatrice , Carullo Martina , Del Re Marzia , Fontanini Gabriella , Rossini Daniele , Cremolini Chiara
Published: February 2024

Background

Retreatment with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies is a promising strategy in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who achieved benefit from previous anti-EGFR exposure upon exclusion of mutations in RAS/BRAF genes according to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis by means of liquid biopsy (LB). This treatment approach is now being investigated in the randomized phase II trial PARERE (NCT04787341). We here present preliminary findings of molecular screening.

Methods

Patients with RAS/BRAFV600E wt mCRC according to tissue genotyping who benefited from previous anti-EGFR-based treatment (fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and antiangiogenics) and then experienced disease progression to EGFR targeting were eligible for screening in the PARERE trial. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel Oncomine™ was employed for ctDNA testing.

Results

A total of 218 patients underwent LB, and ctDNA sequencing was successful in 201 of them (92%). RAS/BRAFV600E mutations were found in 68 (34%) patients and were mainly subclonal (median variant allele fraction [VAF] for KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutant clones: 0.52%, 0.62%, and 0.12%, respectively; p = 0.01), with KRASQ61H being the most frequently detected (31%). Anti-EGFR-free intervals did not predict ctDNA molecular status (p = 0.12). Among the 133 patients with RAS/BRAFV600E wt tumors according to LB, 40 (30%) harbored a mutation in at least another gene potentially implied in anti-EGFR resistance, mainly with subclonal expression (median VAF, 0.56%). In detail, alterations in PIK3CA, FBXW7, GNAS, MAP2K, ERBB2, BRAF (class I and II non-BRAFV600E), SMAD, EGFR, AKT1, and CTNNB1 occurred in 13%, 8%, 7%, 3%, 2%, 2%, 1%, 1%, 1%, and 1% cases, respectively. Co-mutations were detected in 13 (33%) out of 40 patients.

Conclusions

This is the largest prospective cohort of mCRC patients screened with LB for anti-EGFR retreatment in a randomized study. ctDNA genotyping reveals that at least one out of three patients candidate for retreatment should be excluded from this therapy, and other potential drivers of anti-EGFR resistance are found in approximately one out of three patients with RAS/BRAFV600E wt ctDNA.
Ovarian cancer with intestinal wall invasion and hyperamylasemia: a case report
Authors: Jie Yu , Li Juan , Man Chang-feng , Fan Yu
Published: February 2024

Numerous studies have suggested a robust association between amylase and ovarian cancer. however, few amylase-producing ovarian cancers have been reported because amylase is a rare product of ovarian cancer. A case of an elderly female patient with an upper abdominal unfitness, intestinal wall along with uterine adnexal invasion, and high serum and urinary amylase is summarized in this article. The patient was initially suspected of having a gastrointestinal tumor. Initial laboratory findings showed markedly significantly raised serum and urinary amylase levels. Imaging showed invasion of the intestinal wall and uterine adnexa, and histology of the specimen taken through the abdominal wall lump and electron colonoscopy showed ovarian cancer. The patient’s blood amylase levels decreased to normal after 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Following this, she underwent interval debulking surgery, which included total hysterectomy, bilateral adnexectomy, great omentectomy, appendectomy, resection of pelvic and abdominal lesions, and partial rectal resection. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry staining confirmed a diagnosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. This case suggests that in female patients, hyperamylasemia may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer. It is necessary to perform a multisite, multipoint histologic examination to identify the tumor’s origin in patients with multiple sites of invasion.
Frailty worsens long-term survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Jiangxue , Zhang Qin , Lan Jiarong , Yu Fang , Liu Jie
Published: February 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common cancer in men and 2nd most common malignancy in females across the globe leading to high mortality rates. Frailty is an age-related syndrome that has been associated with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aimed to examine if frailty can predict long-term (>1 year) outcomes of patients with CRC.

Methods

This PROSPERO registered review examined the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science till 4th September 2023 for cohort studies assessing the association between frailty and long-term outcomes of CRC.

Results

15 studies with 45288 patients were included. 6573 patients (14.5%) were frail. Meta-analysis demonstrated that frailty was associated with statistically significant poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 2.11 95% CI: 1.44, 3.08 I2 = 94%) (14 studies), cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR: 4.59 95% CI: 2.75, 7.67 I2 = 38%) (2 studies), and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.46 95% CI: 1.28, 1.66 I2 = 0%) (5 studies) after CRC. Subgroup analysis for OS based on study type, location, sample size, stage of cancer, percentage with frailty, treatment, adjustment for CRC stage and comorbidities, and follow-up did not change the results. These results were not altered in significance on sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

Our results show that frail CRC patients have poor OS and DFS as compared to non-frail patients. Variations in frailty measurement tools and high inter-study heterogeneity are major limitations of the review.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO, CRD42023450586
The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer patients with ypT0-2N0 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yang Jianguo , Deng Qican , Chen Zhenzhou , Chen Yajun , Fu Zhongxue
Published: February 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has emerged as the established treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Nevertheless, there remains a debate regarding the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who exhibit a favorable tumor response (ypT0-2N0) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on the oncological prognosis of rectal cancer patients who have a good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcomes assessed were 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, recurrence-free survival, local recurrence, and distant metastasis. The data was summarized using a random effects model.

Results

A meta-analysis was conducted using 18 retrospective studies published between 2009 and 2023. The studies included 9 from China and 5 from Korea, involving a total of 6566 patients with ypT0-2N0 rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The pooled data revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved 5-year overall survival (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.15-2.65, P=0.008), recurrence-free survival (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.20-2.48, P=0.003), and reduced distant metastasis (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.92, P=0.011). However, adjuvant chemotherapy did not have a significant effect on disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and local recurrence in ypT0-2N0 rectal cancer. Subgroup analysis indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy was beneficial in improving overall survival for ypT1-2N0 rectal cancer (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.13-3.19, P=0.003).

Conclusion

The findings of the meta-analysis suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy may provide benefits in terms of oncological outcomes for rectal cancer patients with ypT0-2N0 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery. However, further prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Azacitidine induced lung injury: report and contemporary discussion on diagnosis and management
Authors: Alyamany Ruah , Alnughmush Ahmed , Almutlaq Malak , Alyamany Mohammed , Alfayez Mansour
Published: February 2024

Azacitidine, a hypomethylating agent, has caused a paradigm shift in the outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation, particularly in combination with BCL2 and IDH inhibitors. Azacitidine and Azacitidine-based combinations have been widely considered a safe low-intensity therapy when compared to traditional conventional treatments. The development of lung toxicity from azacitidine is not a well-characterized adverse event. However, if it happens, it can be fatal, especially if not recognized and treated promptly. In this review, we aim to familiarize the reader with the presentation of azacitidine-induced lung injury, provide our suggested approach to management based on our experience and the current understanding of its mechanism, and review the literature of 20 case reports available on this topic.
Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorate epileptogenesis, cognitive impairment, and neuroinflammation in a pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling mouse model
Authors: Lu Yuling , Lin Minglin , Ou Sijie , Sun Lanfeng , Qian Kai , Kuang Huimin , Wu Yuan
Published: February 2024

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disease where neuroinflammation plays a significant role in epileptogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have anti-inflammatory properties, which make them a potential candidate for neuroprotection against central nervous system disease. Nevertheless, the extent of their effectiveness in treating epilepsy remains enigmatic. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the potential of APS to mitigate epileptogenesis and its comorbidities by exploring its underlying mechanism.

Methods: Initially, we employed pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure mice to validate APS’ effectiveness. Subsequently, we employed network pharmacology analysis to probe the possible targets and signaling pathways of APS in treating epilepsy. Ultimately, we verified the key targets and signaling pathways experimentally, predicting their mechanisms of action.

Results: APS have been observed to disturb the acquisition process of kindling, leading to reduced seizure scores and a lower incidence of complete kindling. Moreover, APS has been found to improve cognitive impairments and prevent hippocampal neuronal damage during the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling process. Subsequent network pharmacology analysis revealed that APS potentially exerted their anti-epileptic effects by targeting cytokine and toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathways. Finally, experimental findings showed that APS efficiently inhibited the activation of astrocytes and reduced the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, APS impeded the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascade in a PTZ-induced kindling mouse model.

Conclusion: The outcomes of our study suggest that APS exerts an impact on epileptogenesis and mitigates cognitive impairment by impeding neuroinflammatory processes. The mechanism underlying these observations may be attributed to the modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in a reduction of the release of inflammatory mediators. These findings partially agree with the predictions derived from network pharmacology analyses. As such, APS represents a potentially innovative and encouraging adjunct therapeutic option for epileptogenesis and cognitive deficit.
Neuroprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor on Alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review
Authors: Jiang Xin , Li Ji , Yao Xiaohui , Ding Hao , Gu Aihong , Zhou Zhen
Published: February 2024

Insulin resistance in brain and amyloidogenesis are principal pathological features of diabetes-related cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A growing body of evidence suggests that maintaining glucose under control in diabetic patients is beneficial for preventing AD development. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DDP4is) are a class of novel glucose-lowering medications through increasing insulin excretion and decreasing glucagon levels that have shown neuroprotective potential in recent studies. This review consolidates extant evidence from earlier and new studies investigating the association between DPP4i use, AD, and other cognitive outcomes. Beyond DPP4i’s benefits in alleviating insulin resistance and glucose-lowering, underlying mechanisms for the potential neuroprotection with DPP4i medications were categorized into the following sections: (Ferrari et al., Physiol Rev, 2021, 101, 1,047–1,081): the benefits of DPP4is on directly ameliorating the burden of β-amyloid plaques and reducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles; DPP4i increasing the bioactivity of neuroprotective DPP4 substrates including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) etc.; pleiotropic effects of DPP4is on neuronal cells and intracerebral structure including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis. We further revisited recently published epidemiological studies that provided supportive data to compliment preclinical evidence. Given that there remains a lack of completed randomized trials that aim at assessing the effect of DPP4is in preventing AD development and progression, this review is expected to provide a useful insight into DPP4 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for AD prevention and treatment. The evidence is helpful for informing the rationales of future clinical research and guiding evidence-based clinical practice.
Innovative in vivo rat model for global cerebral hypoxia: a new approach to investigate therapeutic and preventive drugs
Authors: Stahlke Sarah , Frai Jonas , Busse Johanna Franziska , Matschke Veronika , Theiss Carsten , Weber Thomas , Herzog-Niescery Jennifer
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Severe acute global cerebral hypoxia can lead to significant disability in humans. Although different animal models have been described to study hypoxia, there is no endogenous model that considers hypoxia and its effect on the brain as an independent factor. Thus, we developed a minimally invasive rat model, which is based on the non-depolarizing muscle blocking agent rocuronium in anesthetized animals. This drug causes respiratory insufficiency by paralysis of the striated muscles.

Methods: In this study, 14 rats underwent 12 min of hypoxemia with an oxygen saturation of approximately 60% measured by pulse oximetry; thereafter, animals obtained sugammadex to antagonize rocuronium immediately.

Results: Compared to controls (14 rats, anesthesia only), hypoxic animals demonstrated significant morphological alterations in the hippocampus (cell decrease in the CA 1 region) and the cerebellum (Purkinje cell decrease), as well as significant changes in hypoxia markers in blood (Hif2α, Il1β, Tgf1β, Tnfα, S100b, cspg2, neuron-specific enolase), hippocampus (Il1β, Tnfα, S100b, cspg2, NSE), and cerebellum (Hif1α, Tnfα, S100b, cspg2, NSE). Effects were more pronounced in females than in males.

Discussion: Consequently, this model is suitable to induce hypoxemia with consecutive global cerebral hypoxia. As significant morphological and biochemical changes were proven, it can be used to investigate therapeutic and preventive drugs for global cerebral hypoxia.
Regional environmental differences significantly affect the genetic structure and genetic differentiation of Carpinus tientaiensis Cheng, an endemic and extremely endangered species from China
Authors: Zhao Runan , He Qianqian , Chu Xiaojie , He Anguo , Zhang Yuanlan , Zhu Zunling
Published: February 2024

Differences in topography and environment greatly affect the genetic structure and genetic differentiation of species, and endemic or endangered species with limited geographic ranges seem to be more sensitive to changes in climate and other environmental factors. The complex topography of eastern China is likely to affect genetic differentiation of plants there. Carpinus tientaiensis Cheng is a native and endangered plants from China, and exploring its genetic diversity has profound significance for protection and the collection of germplasm resources. Based on AFLP markers, this study found that C. tientaiensis has low genetic diversity, which mainly came from within populations, while Shangshantou and Tiantai Mountain populations have relatively high genetic diversity. The Nei genetic distance was closely related to geographical distance, and temperature and precipitation notablely affected the genetic variation and genetic differentiation of C. tientaiensis. Based on cpDNA, this study indicated that C. tientaiensis exhibits a moderate level of genetic diversity, and which mainly came from among populations, while Tiantai Mountain population have the highest genetic diversity. It demonstrated that there was genetic differentiation between populations, which can be divided into two independent geographical groups, but there was no significant phylogeographic structure between them. The MaxEnt model showed that climate change significantly affects its distribution, and the suitable distribution areas in Zhejiang were primarily divided into two regions, eastern Zhejiang and southern Zhejiang, and there was niche differentiation in its suitable distribution areas. Therefore, this study speculated that the climate and the terrain of mountains and hills in East China jointly shape the genetic structure of C. tientaiensis, which gived rise to an obvious north-south differentiation trend of these species, and the populations located in the hilly areas of eastern Zhejiang and the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang formed two genetic branches respectively.
Measuring digital stress in Norway: translation and validation of the Digital Stressors Scale
Authors: Sevic Aleksandra , Foldnes Njål , Brønnick Kolbjørn Kallesten
Published: February 2024

Introduction

A better understanding of the effects of the widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) among employees is important for maintaining their wellbeing, work-life balance, health, and productivity. Thus, having robust and reliable measurement instruments is crucial for quantifying the effects of ICT use, and facilitating the development of effective strategies to promote employee wellbeing.

Methods

Therefore, we translated the Digital Stressors Scale (DSS) to Norwegian and administered it to a convenience sample of 1,228 employees, using the forward-backward translation method. The DSS is a new multidimensional scale consisting of 50 items that measure 10 digital stressors (first-order factors), and a second-order factor of DSS. We assessed the scale's construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, first by assessing the model fit of each of the sub-scales separately, to facilitate the disaggregated measurement approach, and then the model fit of the whole scale with the second-order factor.

Results

Among the participants, 45.6% completed the whole questionnaire (n = 560). The original solution's fit was unsatisfactory in our sample, which led us to perform an exploratory factor analysis. We propose a shorter 8-factor scale with 37 of the original items, which also shows good internal consistency for all the first-order factors.

Discussion

We argue that the disaggregated approach is beneficial for the investigation of the specific creators of digital stress and that conceptually sound measurement models are needed in order to facilitate a more rigorous empirical investigation of digital stressors.
Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota’s impact on depression
Authors: Luqman Ameer , He Mei , Hassan Adil , Ullah Mehtab , Zhang Liyuan , Rashid Khan Muhammad , Din Ahmad Ud , Ullah Kamran , Wang Wei , Wang Guixue
Published: February 2024

Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the “second brain,” has an important role in the CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, and neurological processes. Various studies have found a significant bidirectional link between the brain and the gut, emphasizing the onset of depression therapies. The biological and molecular processes underlying depression and microbiota are required, as the bidirectional association may represent a novel study. However, profound insights into the stratification and diversity of the gut microbiota are still uncommon. This article investigates the emerging evidence of a bacterial relationship between the gut and the brain’s neurological system and its potential pathogenicity and relevance. The interplay of microbiota, immune system, nervous system neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuroplasticity transitions is also widely studied. The consequences of stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics on the GB axis are being studied. Multiple studies revealed the processes underlying this axis and led to the development of effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention and treatment. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that gut microbiota influences depression and provide a promising area of research for an improved knowledge of the etiology of the disease and future therapies.
Nurses’ perspectives on workplace environment needs associated to resilience: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Runze , Wei Junfan , Zhou Linghan , Yang Shuhua , Tian Yuan , Wang Lingning , Zhang Wenling , Xiong Xiaoyun , Huang Chuzhen , Pan Zhongjie , Song Ruipeng
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the demands of nurses on the workplace environment related to psychological resilience.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was employed for this study. Purposeful sampling was chosen from a tertiary hospital in Henan Province, China. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 nurses. The interview data was analyzed using the Colaizzi’s method and results were reported following the COREQ standards.

Results

Analysis of the interview data revealed three main themes: (1) Career Support and Development, (2) Practical Support & Development, and (3) Personal Support and Development.

Conclusion

The perspectives of nurses for a workplace environment demands needs to be appreciated, and in addition, it is worth noting that the key role of building a good workplace environment in strengthening the resilience of nurses emphasizes the need for careful consideration. Nursing administrators should formulate policies and measures from multiple perspectives based on the real needs of nurses in terms of professional, practical, and personal dimensions.
Analyzing the effect of severe weather on farmers' fertilizer usage and input investment amidst decreasing productivity in single-season agroecosystems
Authors: Atinga David , Awuni Joseph Agebase , Sakurai Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In Ghana and comparable developing countries, advancing farm investments and adopting innovative rice farming techniques encounters obstacles because of climate change. Smallholder farming households, affected by climate events, confront substantial risks that affect both agricultural returns and investment decisions.

Methods

This research evaluates the enduring impact of fluctuating weather patterns in a single-cropping agroecological region on rice yields, examining the consequent influence on the utilization of inorganic fertilizers and agricultural input investment among rain-fed households, investigating disparities, reasons, and underlying mechanisms. The research used panel data from 60 communities, employing regression analysis and probability models. It integrated monthly cropping season weather data across the study zone's grid cells for community-level time series analysis.

Results and discussion

The results suggest that while weather shocks have a minimal impact on farmers abandoning inorganic fertilizers altogether, they do significantly decrease the overall amount of fertilizer used, agricultural investments, and rice crop yields. Floods and severe shocks exert a more pronounced influence compared to droughts and moderate shocks. Off-farm employment aids households in recovering from these shocks and maintaining agricultural investments. Climate shocks impact agricultural investment by reducing farm household income via altering crop yield and revenue. Consequently, this disrupts their ability to save, resulting in financial constraints. Encouraging and sustaining farm investments in vulnerable agrosystems involves diversifying income sources through combined crop and livestock farming, supplemented by off-farm activities. This strategy is fortified by climate-resilient farming practices, including resilient crop varieties supported by irrigation, weather insurance, and risk-oriented credit.
Small RNAs: an ideal choice as sperm quality biomarkers
Authors: Mehta Poonam , Singh Rajender
Published: February 2024

Spermatozoa were classically known as vehicles for the delivery of the paternal genome to the oocyte. However, in 1962, spermatozoa were discovered to carry significant amounts of RNA in them, which raised questions about the significance of these molecules in such a highly specialized cell. Scientific research in the last six decades has investigated the biological significance of sperm RNAs by various means. Irrespective of what sperm RNAs do, their presence in spermatozoa has attracted attention for their exploitation as biomarkers of fertility. Research in this direction started in the year 2000 and is still underway. A major hurdle in this research is the definition of the standard human sperm RNAome. Only a few normozoospermic samples have been analyzed to define the normal sperm RNAome. In this article, we provide a perspective on the suitability of sperm RNAs as biomarkers of fertility and the importance of defining the normal sperm RNAome before we can succeed in identifying RNA-based biomarkers of sperm quality and fertility. The identification of sperm RNA biomarkers of fertility can be exploited for quality screening of donor sperm samples, explain infertility in idiopathic cases, and RNA therapeutics for the treatment of male infertility.
Physiological changes in captive elephants in northern Thailand as a result of the COVID-19 tourism ban—stress biomarkers
Authors: Supanta Jarawee , Brown Janine L. , Bansiddhi Pakkanut , Thitaram Chatchote , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Punturee Khanittha , Towiboon Patcharapa , Somboon Nopphamas , Khonmee Jaruwan
Published: February 2024

The international travel ban instituted by the Thai government in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected how tourist camp elephants were managed, with reductions in exercise opportunities, longer chaining hours, and diminished food provisioning. This study was conducted to determine how those changes affected health and welfare biomarkers in individual elephants over the 2 years of the countrywide lockdown (April 2020–April 2022). Blood and fecal samples were collected from 58 elephants at six camps (monthly in Year 1, quarterly in Year 2) and analyzed for stress biomarkers — fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), serum oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], and stress leukograms. Overall, fGCM concentrations increased within the first few months and remained higher than pre-COVID levels, as did the H/L ratio, a measure affected by cortisol. Serum 8-OHdG, an indicator of DNA oxidative damage, also increased over time, while monocytosis and lymphopenia further suggested alterations in immune function as a result of stress. By contrast, another marker of oxidative stress, serum MDA, declined, possibly in response to reduced roughage and supplement intake. A notable finding was a seasonal pattern of fGCM that was significantly different from previous studies. Whereas higher fGCM during the rainy season were observed in this study, previously, concentrations were highest during the winter, high tourist season. Thus, ironically, both the presence and absence of tourists have been associated with increased fGCM concentrations, albeit for different reasons. Camp management factors negatively affecting stress outcomes included shorter chain lengths, longer chain hours, lack of exercise, and reduced roughage and supplements. Overall, it was clear that camps struggled to maintain adequate care for elephants during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of tourist income and need for contingency plans to cope with potential future disruptions to tourism.
Mycorrhizal Biotechnology Reduce Phosphorus in the Nutrient Solution of Strawberry Soilless Cultivation Systems
Authors: De Nardi Fabiola Stockmans , Trentin Thomas dos Santos , Trentin Nicolas dos Santos , Costa Rosiani Castoldi da , Calvete Eunice Oliveira , Palencia Pedro , Chiomento José Luís Trevizan
Published: February 2024

Among the bio-tools that contribute to making the strawberry production system more sustainable are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which can be used as biofertilizers. Thus, five doses of phosphorus (P) applied to plants with AMF and a control (100% P, no AMF) were analyzed in order to differentiate the horticultural potential of the ‘Camarosa’ cultivar. We used an on-farm inoculant made up of six fungal species. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the addition of AMF to the growing substrate made it possible to reduce the P supply in the nutrient solution by 75% without compromising the fruit yield. In addition, this combination improved the phytochemical quality of strawberries, the plant’s root system morphology, and the accumulation of nutrients in plant organs (roots, crowns, aerial part and fruits). We conclude that the use of a multi-species on-farm inoculant based on AMF associated with a reduction in the P supply in the nutrient solution modifies the horticultural potential of the ‘Camarosa’ cultivar. We confirmed the action of a native AMF community as a biofertilizer.
The Intermittency of Turbulence in Magneto-Hydrodynamical Simulations and in the Cosmos
Authors: Lesaffre Pierre , Falgarone Edith , Hily-Blant Pierre
Published: February 2024

Turbulent dissipation is a central issue in the star and galaxy formation process. Its fundamental property of space–time intermittency, well characterised in incompressible laboratory experiments, remains elusive in cosmic turbulence. Progress requires the combination of state-of-the-art modelling, numerical simulations and observations. The power of such a combination is illustrated here, where the statistical method intended to locate the extrema of velocity shears in a turbulent field, which are the signposts of intense dissipation extrema, is applied to numerical simulations of compressible magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence dedicated to dissipation scales and to observations of a turbulent molecular cloud. We demonstrate that increments of several observables computed at the smallest lags can detect coherent structures of intense dissipation. We apply this statistical method to the observations of a turbulent molecular cloud close to the Sun in our galaxy and disclose a remarkable structure of extremely large velocity shear. At the location of the largest velocity shear, this structure is found to foster 10× more carbon monoxide molecules than standard diffuse molecular gas, an enrichment supported by models of non-equilibrium warm chemistry triggered by turbulent dissipation. In our simulations, we also compute structure functions of various synthetic observables and show that they verify Extended Self-Similarity. This allows us to compute their intermittency exponents, and we show how they constrain some properties of the underlying three-dimensional turbulence. The power of the combination of modelling and observations is also illustrated by the observations of the CH+ cation that provide unique quantitative information on the kinetic energy trail in the massive, multi-phase and turbulent circum-galactic medium of a galaxy group at redshift z=2.8.
Beyond the Stereotype of Tolerance: Diversified Milieu and Contextual Difference
Authors: Yue Zhen , Zhao Kai , Zhu Shunyu , Hu Yifan
Published: February 2024

We explore whether there are value preferences of creative workers in addition to tolerance and how these value preferences vary among different occupation categories and countries. We use a dataset of 1968 and 1076 observations in China and the U.S., respectively, from the World Values Survey dataset (2017–2020, wave 7) (WVS 7), with a Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) and Multinomial Logit Model (MLM) at the micro level. The findings reveal that (1) the Chinese sample is more likely to have a balanced preference of tolerance towards migrants, religions, and homosexuality, while the American sample’s preference of tolerance is much more likely to be interpreted as accepting homosexuality only; (2) the American sample also shows preferences towards responsibility, technology, work style, and political actions, while a preference for happiness and political actions is identified in the Chinese sample; and (3) with a higher level of creativity, the difference regarding understanding of tolerance is more likely to be highlighted between China and the U.S. This study provides a quite unconventional perspective for understanding the composition of preferences and, to a certain extent, reconciles the inconsistency between the theoretical advocacy of building up a selected milieu and the reality of creative workers’ blended value mix.
Application of PCM in a Zero-Energy Building and Using a CCHP System Based on Geothermal Energy in Canada and the UAE
Authors: Assareh Ehsanolah , Keykhah Abolfazl , Hoseinzadeh Siamak , Astiaso Garcia Davide
Published: February 2024

In this research, the optimization of energy consumption of zero-energy buildings using PCMs in the two study cities of Vancouver and Dubai and its energy supply with a multi-generation geothermal system is discussed. PCMs used in the walls and roofs of designed buildings are of two types, namely PCM (solid) and PCM (liquid). By optimizing the energy consumption of the residential complex in two study cities, it is finally possible to choose the best mode in optimal conditions to reduce energy consumption in the residential complex, reduce the costs of the residential complex, and reduce the environmental pollution. The results showed that the amount of electricity consumption, heating, and cooling of the residential complex during the year in the city of Vancouver is 8493.55, 7899.1, and 1083.97 kWh, respectively, and in the city of Dubai, the values are 9572.1, 8.99, and 18,845.44 kW, respectively. Also, by optimizing the energy consumption of residential complexes in Vancouver and Dubai, it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions by 2129.7 and 2773.2 kg/year, respectively. The electricity consumption of the residential complex in Dubai is 11.26% and the carbon dioxide emission is 23.20% more. In the end, a multi-generation system is proposed to meet the energy consumption of a six-unit zero-energy residential complex with 120 m2 and two bedrooms in Vancouver, Canada. By setting up the study system in the city of Vancouver, 237,364.6 kWh of electricity, 425,959.4 kWh of heating, and 304,732.8 kWh of electricity can be produced in one year. According to the investigation, the geothermal system can easily provide the energy consumption required by residential buildings.