bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social dynamics obscure the effect of temperature on air breathing in Corydoras catfish
Authors: Pineda Mar , Aragao Isabel , McKenzie David J. , Killen Shaun S.
Published: October 2020

In some fishes, the ability to breathe air has evolved to overcome constraints in hypoxic environments but comes at a cost of increased predation. To reduce this risk, some species perform group air breathing. Temperature may also affect the frequency of air breathing in fishes, but this topic has received relatively little research attention. This study examined how acclimation temperature and acute exposure to hypoxia affected the air-breathing behaviour of a social catfish, the bronze corydoras Corydoras aeneus, to determine whether individual oxygen demand influenced the behaviour of entire groups. Groups of seven fish were observed in an arena to measure air-breathing frequency of individuals and consequent group air-breathing behaviour, under three oxygen concentrations (100%, 60%, 20% air saturation) and two acclimation temperatures (25°C & 30°C). Intermittent flow respirometry was used to estimate oxygen demand of individuals. Increasingly severe hypoxia increased air-breathing at the individual and group levels. While there were minimal differences in air-breathing frequency among individuals in response to an increase in temperature, the effect of temperature that did exist manifested as an increase in group air-breathing frequency at 30°C. Groups that were more socially cohesive during routine activity took more breaths but, in most cases, air-breathing among individuals this was not temporally clustered. There was no association between an individual's oxygen demand and its air-breathing frequency in a group. For Corydoras aeneus, while air-breathing frequency is influenced by hypoxia, behavioural variation among groups could explain the small overall effect of temperature on group air-breathing frequency.
The New ACSM Recommendations for Preventing Cardiovascular Events at Fitness Facilities
Authors: Riebe Deborah , Baggish Aaron L. , Franklin Barry A. , Jaworski Carrie A. , Thompson Paul D.
Published: October 2020

Apply It!

This article will help readers to:

• understand the cardiovascular risks associated with physical activity and

• learn more about the steps that exercise professionals can take to promote safety in health fitness facilities.
Fit For Flight
Authors: Berger Christopher G.
Published: October 2020

Apply It!

The health and fitness professional reading this article will be able to educate clients about healthy air travel and apply information from this article related to:

• understanding the psychological and physical demands of air travel,

• recognizing some common stresses of air travel, and

• suggesting healthy ideas for easing these stresses.
Value of MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in diagnosing normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes metastases in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Song Qingling , Yu Yanyan , Zhang Xiaomiao , Zhu Yanmei , Luo Yahong , Yu Tao , Sun Jiayi , Liu Fan , Dong Yue
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

To investigate the value of conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosing normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes metastases in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods:

102 patients with cervical cancer who underwent MRI and DWI scan were included. 137 lymph nodes were analyzed, including 44 metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and 93 non-metastatic lymph nodes (non-MLNs). The morphology and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of lymph nodes were measured including short-axis diameter (DS), long-axis diameter (DL), ratio of short-to-long-axis diameter (DR), fatty hilum, asymmetry, ADCmax, ADCmean and ADCmin. The Mann-Whitney U-test, independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were employed to compare the differences of all criteria between MLNs and non-MLNs. Logistic regression and decision tree were used to develop the combined diagnostic model. ROC analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance.

Results:

The DS and DR of MLNs were significantly higher than those of non-MLNs (p < 0.05), the ADCmax, ADCmean and ADCmin of MLNs were significantly lower than those of non-MLNs (p < 0.05). Presence of fatty hilum and asymmetric lymph nodes between MLNs and non-MLNs were significantly different (p＜0.05). Combined measurement of ADCmin, DS and DR had the highest AUC 0.937 with 90.9% sensitivity and 87.1% specificity. The accuracy of decision tree was 88.3%.

Conclusion:

MRI with DWI had potential in diagnosing normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes metastases in patients with cervical cancer. The combined evaluation of DS, DR and ADCmin of lymph nodes and decision tree of the combined measure showed better diagnostic performances than sole criteria.

Advances in knowledge:

The short-axis diameter, ratio of short-to-long-axis diameter and ADCmin of lymph nodes have moderate value in the diagnosis of the metastases of the normal-sized lymph nodes for the patient with cervical cancer as the sole indices. The combined evaluation of DS, DR and ADCmin is much more valuable in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes.
The safety of primary surgical excision of small deep indeterminate musculoskeletal soft tissue masses
Authors: Calleja Michèle , Afzaal Qasim , Saifuddin Asif
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To determine the suitability of primary excision of small indeterminate deep soft tissue masses presenting to a tertiary musculoskeletal oncology service.

Methods and materials:

Review of all patients referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology service over a 20-month period with a deep indeterminate soft tissue mass by non-contrast MRI criteria that was recommended for primary surgical excision due to relatively small size (<30 mm). Data collected included age, gender, site and maximal size of the lesion, and final histological diagnosis for excised lesions.

Results:

85 patients were included, mean lesion size being 12 mm (range 5–29 mm). Primary surgical resection had been undertaken in 69 cases (81.2%) by the conclusion of data collection, 36 males and 33 females with mean age of 45.6 years (range 11–80 years). Of these, 11 cases (15.9%) were non-neoplastic, 53 (76.8%) were benign, 1 (1.4%) was intermediate grade, while 4 (5.8%) were malignant including 3 synovial sarcomas. Two of these were treated with re-excision of the tumour bed showing no residual disease, with no evidence of local recurrence at a mean of 10.7 months post-excision.

Conclusion:

Primary surgical excision of small deep soft tissue masses that are indeterminate by non-contrast MRI criteria is considered a safe procedure when undertaken in a specialist musculoskeletal oncology service, with only 4 of 69 cases (5.8%) being malignant.

Advances in knowledge:

Small indeterminate deep soft tissue masses can safely be treated with primary excision in the setting of a specialist musculoskeletal oncology service.
Rectal spacer hydrogel in 1.5T MR-guided and daily adapted SBRT for prostate cancer: dosimetric analysis and preliminary patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Alongi Filippo , Rigo Michele , Figlia Vanessa , Cuccia Francesco , Giaj-Levra Niccolò , Nicosia Luca , Ricchetti Francesco , Vitale Claudio , Sicignano Gianluisa , De Simone Antonio , Naccarato Stefania , Ruggieri Ruggero , Mazzola Rosario
Published: October 2020

Objective:

The main aim of the current analysis was to explore the hypothetical advantages using rectal spacer during 1.5T MR-guided and daily adapted prostate cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) compared to a no-rectal spacer hydrogel cohort of patients.

Methods:

The SBRT-protocol consisted of a 35 Gy schedule delivered in 5 fractions. Herein, we present a dosimetric analysis between spacer and no-spacer patients. Furthermore, treatment tolerability and feasibility were preliminarily assessed according to clinicians-reported outcomes at the end of treatment and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in both arms. Toxicity and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after treatment using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v. 5.0, International Prostatic Symptoms Score, ICIQ-SF, IIEF-5, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 and PR-25 questionnaires.

Results:

120 plans (pre- and daily adaptive SBRT planning) were analyzed in 20 patients (10 patients in spacer group and 10 patients in no-spacer group) treated using 1.5T MR-guided adaptive SBRT. Statistically significant dosimetric advantages were observed in favor of the spacer insertion, improving the planning target volume coverage in terms of V33.2Gy >95% and planning target volume 37.5 Gy <2% mainly during daily-adapted SBRT. Also, rectum V32, V28 and V18Gy and bladder V35Gy <1 cc were significantly reduced in the spacer cohort. Concerning the PROMS, all questionnaires showed no difference between the pre- and post-SBRT evaluation in both arms, excepting the physical functioning item of EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire that was declined in the no-spacer group.

Conclusion:

These preliminary results strongly suggest the adoption of perirectal spacer due to dosimetric advantages not only for rectal sparing but also for target coverage. Longer follow-up is required to validate the clinical impact in terms of clinicians-reported toxicity and PROMs.

Advances in knowledge:

This the first experience reporting preliminary data concerning the potential dosimetric impact of rectal hydrogel spacer on MR-guided SBRT for prostate cancer.
Η μάσκα στη σύγχρονη πανδημία: κοινωνιολογικές προσεγγίσεις και ζητήματα ερμηνείας
Authors: Valasaki Maria
Published: October 2020

Η πανδημία  που προκλήθηκε από τον κορωνοϊό SARS-CoV-2 ανέδειξε πληθώρα ζητημάτων, τα οποία χρήζουν διερεύνησης υπό σύγχρονες διεπιστημονικές οπτικές. Ένα από τα θέματα που έχουν απασχολήσει ιδιαίτερα όχι μόνο τις κοινωνικές επιστήμες αλλά το κάθε άτομο χωριστά είναι αυτό της μάσκας, το οποίο τίθεται στο σύντομο αυτό κείμενο στο επίκεντρο της συζήτησης. Η χρήση της μάσκας προβληματοποιείται σε σχέση με τις αισθήσεις, όπως τις προσεγγίζει ο Simmel (2017), ενώ οι τελευταίες ανοίγουν το δρόμο για διερωτήσεις σχετικά με τις έντονες κοινωνικές αλλαγές των τελευταίων μηνών. Συγκεκριμένα, η χρήση της μάσκας φαίνεται να επηρεάζει όχι αυτή καθαυτήν την αίσθηση της ακοής, αλλά κυρίως τον τρόπο με τον οποίο κατανοούμε τους άλλους και τον εαυτό μας μέσω αυτής και τον τρόπο που χρησιμοποιούμε το σώμα μας σε σχέση με αυτήν˙ φαίνεται να δημιουργούνται νέα επικοινωνιακά μονοπάτια. Από την προβληματοποίηση των αισθήσεων φαίνεται ότι ο ιατρικός λόγος διαπλέκεται με τον πολιτικό και παρεισφρέει στην καθημερινότητα αφήνοντας τα μοντέλα εξουσίας να διαφανούν, δημιουργώντας παράλληλα σχήματα όπως απομόνωση-ασφάλεια, τα οποία μορφοποιούν το σύγχρονο επικοινωνιακό πλαίσιο και τον εαυτό. Υπό μια, επομένως, σύντομη «καλειδοσκοπική» οπτική, η μάσκα κατανοείται ως σύμβολο με πολλαπλά νοήματα, προσ-καλώντας στην απόδοση σημασιών και στον επαναπροσδιορισμό εννοιών.
On the design of linked datasets mapping networks of collaboration in the genomic sequencing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, and Sus scrofa
Authors: Wong Mark , Leng Rhodri
Published: October 2020

This paper describes a unique two-step methodology used to construct six linked bibliometric datasets covering the sequencing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, and Sus scrofa genomes. First, we retrieved all sequence submission data from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA), including accession numbers associated with each species. Second, we used these accession numbers to construct queries to retrieve peer-reviewed scientific publications that first linked to these sequence lengths in the scientific literature. For each species, this resulted in two associated datasets: 1) A .csv file documenting the PMID of each article describing new sequences, all paper authors, all institutional affiliations of each author, countries of institution, year of first submission to the ENA, and the year of article publication, and 2) A .csv file documenting all institutions submitting to the ENA, number of nucleotides sequenced, number of submissions per institution in a given year, and years of submission to the database. In several upcoming publications, we utilise these datasets to understand how institutional collaboration shaped sequencing efforts, and to systematically identify important institutions and changes in network structures over time. This paper, therefore, should aid researchers who would like to use these data for future analyses by making the methodology that underpins it transparent. Further, by detailing our methodology, researchers may be able to utilise our approach to construct similar datasets in the future.
Characterization of sulfated polysaccharide activity against virulent Plasmodium falciparum PHISTb/RLP1 protein
Authors: Mutisya Jennifer M. , Mobegi Victor A. , Kinyua Johnson K. , Kivecu Martha N. , Okoth Raphael O. , Chemwor Gladys C. , Mwakio Edwin W. , Cheruiyot Agnes C. , Yeda Redempta A. , Okello Charles O. , Juma Jackline A. , Opot Benjamin H. , Juma Dennis W. , Roth Amanda L. , Akala Hosea M. , Andagalu Ben M.
Published: October 2020

Background: The emergence of artemisinin resistance in South East Asia calls for urgent discovery of new drug compounds that have antiplasmodial activity. Unlike the classical compound screening drug discovery methods, the rational approach involving targeted drug discovery is less cumbersome and therefore key for innovation of new antiplasmodial compounds.  Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) utilizes the process of host erythrocyte remodeling using Plasmodium-helical interspersed sub-telomeric domain (PHIST) containing proteins, which are amenable drug targets. The aim of this study is to identify inhibitors of PHIST from sulfated polysaccharides as new antimalarials.

Methods: 251 samples from an ongoing study of epidemiology of malaria and drug resistance sensitivity patterns in Kenya were sequenced for PHISTb/RLP1 gene using Sanger sequencing. The sequenced reads were mapped to the reference Pf3D7 protein sequence of PHISTb/RLP1 using CLC Main Workbench. Homology modeling of both reference and mutant protein structures was achieved using the LOMETs tool. The models were refined using ModRefiner for energy minimization. Ramachandran plot was generated by ProCheck to assess the conformation of amino acids in the protein model. Protein binding sites predictions were assessed using FT SITE software. We searched for prospective antimalarials from PubChem. Docking experiments were achieved using AutoDock Vina and analysis results visualized in PyMOL.

Results: Sanger sequencing generated 86 complete sequences. Upon mapping of the sequences to the reference, 12 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms were considered for mutant protein structure analysis. Eleven drug compounds with antiplasmodial activity were identified. Both modelled PHISTb/RLP1 reference and mutant structures had a Ramachandran score of >90% of the amino acids in the favored region. Ten of the drug compounds interacted with amino acid residues in PHISTb and RESA domains, showing potential activity against these proteins.

Conclusion: These interactions provide lead compounds for new anti-malarial molecules. Further in vivo testing is recommended.
ONDE ESTÃO OS BEBÊS NAS POLÍTICAS? GOVERNAR A INFÂNCIA PARA GOVERNAR A VIDA
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Arruda Glacione , Monteiro do Nascimento Anelise
Published: October 2020

Esse trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a entrada dos bebês no contexto das políticas educacionais, tendo como referencial teórico-metodológico Michel Foucault e os princípios da governamentalidade, biopolítica, biopoder e dispositivos de segurança. O autor associa à política a “arte de governar” e apresenta uma “tipologia das formas de governo” que repercute na conduta dos indivíduos e na gestão das famílias. Essa perspectiva é fonte para análise da presença dos bebês nas políticas educacionais como uma forma de organização e gestão das pessoas no mundo a partir do nascimento, ou seja, como forma de “governar a vida”. Conclui-se que o governo sobre os bebês ocorre como meio de governar as famílias e a infância, a partir da construção do “futuro cidadão”.
NOVOS ESPAÇOS DE AFETO E CUIDADO EM TEMPOS DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Dos Santos Célio Moacir , Da Silva Janneyde Pascoal , Paiva Jair
Published: October 2020

As circunstâncias impostas pelo isolamento social em virtude da pandemia acarretaram  mudanças na dinâmica de um projeto denominado “Cuide-se”. Anteriormente de caráter presencial e depois se adequando para um modelo não presencial com uso de aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas e dispositivos de videochamadas. Objetivou-se com o projeto oferecer acolhimento aos estudantes. Utilizou-se dos pressupostos de Bardin (2011), da teoria do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) de Lefèvre e Lefèvre (2005) e das relações de grupo de acordo com Lane (2003). Constataram-se grandes impactos relacionados à saúde mental dos estudantes e como estes interferem e prejudicam suas rotinas.
CRIAÇÕES E PERCEPÇÕES DOCENTES NO ENSINO REMOTO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UMA PESQUISA COM OS COTIDIANOS
Authors: Martins Vivian , De Castro Bárbara Rodrigues , Trancoso Michelle Viana
Published: October 2020

Em decorrência da Covid-19, a população mundial entrou em distanciamento social e os processos educativos passaram a ocorrer por meio das tecnologias digitais. Dessa forma, buscamos desenvolver uma pesquisa científica que objetive compreender, a partir de uma etnografia on-line, as criações e as percepções de docentes vivenciando o ensino remoto imposto pelo distanciamento social. Optamos pela epistemologia das pesquisas com os cotidianos. As redes sociais da internet, em especial sete comunidades virtuais no Facebook, foram o campo de pesquisa. Entre os dados emergiram narrativas imagéticas e escritas, com criações e percepções de docentes vivenciando o ensino remoto. Propomos a reflexão para uma nova lógica educacional após essa experiência que está ressignificando nossas vidas.
A ARTE DE REINVENTAR A EDUCAÇÃO E O PAPEL DA CIBERCULTURA EM TEMPOS DE DISTANCIAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: De Santana Leila Santos , REIS TAMIRES ELAINE BARBOSA , SANTOS LUCIA HELENA DE ANDRADE , DA SILVA SEIXAS LUCIANA VELLOSO
Published: October 2020

Este artigo aborda situações educacionais ocasionadas pela pandemia mundial do Coronavírus (covid-19). Percorremos dispositivos legais como a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Argumentamos sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais em rede como alternativa para continuidade do processo formativo no contexto da quarentena. Partimos de dois olhares de professoras e pesquisadoras e suas inserções: uma da mãe e as aulas do filho e outra da docente, junto aos seus discentes de uma instituição da rede pública. Diante das experiências e destas duas perspectivas explicitadas, reforçamos a importância de nos apropriarmos das vivências e perspectivas da cibercultura, visando a reinvenção educacional pós-pandemia
ENSINO REMOTO E AS CONTRADIÇÕES NO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Melo Keite Silva de , Tomaz Adriana
Published: October 2020

Esta pesquisa analisou as contradições que atravessam a atividade de ensino (DAVÍDOV, 1988) durante a adoção do ensino remoto, devido à grave pandemia que estamos vivendo. Buscou-se compreender, por meio da Teoria da Atividade (LEONTIEV, 2004), como cinco professores que atuam em escolas públicas e particulares do Rio de Janeiro vivenciam a sua atividade de ensino, diante desta política pública emergencial. Por meio da análise das entrevistas, a pesquisa desvelou as contradições que alienam o trabalho destes professores. Os resultados demonstraram que a atuação discricionária dos docentes é influenciada por sua margem de autonomia, e aqueles que conseguiram minimizar os efeitos da alienação no seu trabalho encontraram nos alunos a motivação.
A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: CONTRADIÇÕES E RACIONALIDADES EM EVIDÊNCIA
Authors: Arruda Dayana Oliveira , Osório Antônio Carlos Do Nascimento , Armoa da Silva Sara Santana
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a emergência de acontecimentos e discursos impostos pela pandemia de Covid-19, que condicionam os sujeitos da educação de jovens e adultos a (outros) mecanismos de exclusão. Utilizamos dos referenciais foucaultianos como instrumentais teórico-metodológicos para redimensionar perspectivas em face da mencionada modalidade de ensino, principalmente no que tange às noções de biopolítica e população, no intuito de explorar saberes e poderes constituintes dos cenários em voga, que reforçam marginalizações. Consideramos que os processos de saúde-doença-cuidado em curso, impactam na conformação de racionalidades (outras) que potencializam disparidades sociais e individuais no campo da escolarização, em detrimento de sujeitos e grupos específicos.
Childhood Medulloblastoma: Old Challenges, New Perspectives
Authors: G Attinà , A Ariano , S Triarico , MA Capozza , P Maurizi , S Mastrangelo , A Ruggiero
Published: October 2020

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the first primary central nervous system cancer of infancy. During the last thirty years, there has been an evolution of its treatment: although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have improved the prognosis, surgery remains a determinant key-factor for therapeutic outcome. The search of an effective adjuvant treatment along with a reduced toxicity is difficult. Following treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the prognosis for infants and young children with MB is still unfavourable and burdened by an high risk of neurocognitive deficits. The biological features of MB are not fully characterized, but now there are important directions for research. Clinical and molecular prognostic markers can be used to create a disease risk classification. In our review we resume the main features of MB, including clinical, histopathologic and molecular aspects and discuss on the therapeutic options for its treatment.
‘Now, the question here is who to believe’: criminalising HIV nondisclosure, emotions and determinations of credibility in R. v. T.S.
Authors: Bogosavljevic Katarina , Kilty Jennifer M.
Published: October 2020

This article examines how the judge, defence counsel and Crown prosecution in R. v. T.S. mobilised feeling and framing rules to assess the credibility of the complainants and accused. T.S. is a former Canadian Football League linebacker who was convicted of aggravated sexual assault for failing to disclose to two women that he is HIV positive. Our analysis of the trial transcripts reveals how T.S.’s failure to disclose his HIV-positive status and his lack of an overtly emotional courtroom display led to his construction as callous towards the health of his sexual partners and subsequently to his characterisation as noncredible. Alternatively, the complainants had to authentically re-perform their original emotional reactions to learning that T.S. was HIV positive while testifying in court in order to be deemed credible. This signals the retroactive aspect of emotions in the context of a trial. Using Ahmed’s notion of the ‘stickiness of emotion’, our second finding reveals that while the type and intensity of emotional courtroom displays structure interpretations of credibility in criminal trials, moral emotions such as indignation, fear and disgust stick to HIV. This implies a connection between perceptions of morality and credibility where people living with HIV/AIDS who fail to disclose are assessed as always-already unremorseful and noncredible thereby showcasing the continuity of HIV stigma. We show how determinations of credibility in HIV nondisclosure cases can problematically devalue the emotions that structure disclosure decision making in favour of prioritising the feelings of anger, shock, fear, frustration and disgust felt by complainants.
El vídeo tutorial como género discursivo en la proyección y desarrollo de la competencia oral en Secundaria
Authors: Román Sanchis Maria Pilar
Published: October 2020

Enseñar y evaluar la competencia oral puede resultar más sencillo en los nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje mediante herramientas TIC. Aquí se muestra una experiencia de aula cuyo objetivo es verificar que con los nuevos géneros discursivos surgidos en la sociedad digital del aprendizaje, como el tutorial, se contribuye a dar sentido y contextualizar el desarrollo de la competencia oral, así como, que el docente es el que debe presentar escenarios de aprendizaje y planificarlos. El profesor debe descubrir y asumir qué competencias y rol debe desarrollar y con este fin enfocar su formación. Los nuevos escenarios digitalizados en el aula no deben estar exentos de metodología para poder concretar los objetivos de aprendizaje en la competencia oral.
Statistics of polarization speckle produced by a constant polarization phasor plus a random polarization phasor sum
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Shun , Grimble Joseph
Published: October 2020

The statistical properties of the polarization speckle produced by a random polarization phasor sum plus a constant polarization phasor are studied. Based on the Gaussian assumption for the random electric field, the three-dimensional joint probability density functions of the Stokes parameters and the parameters characterizing the polarization ellipse for the produced random polarization fields are obtained. Subsequently, the statistics of an isotropic polarization speckle with a coherent polarization background have been investigated. The joint and marginal probability densities of these random variables are given to study the effect of the constant polarization background on the statistics of random polarization fields.
Modulation of spontaneous emission near graphene/hBN multilayers
Authors: Ye Li-Mei , Liang Hua-Nan , Wang Tong-Biao , Zhang De-Jian , Liu Wen-Xing , Yu Tian-Bao , Liao Qing-Hua
Published: October 2020

The spontaneous emissions of a quantum emitter near three different samples, namely, graphene-covered hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) bulk (monocell), graphene/hBN/graphene sandwich (sandwich), and graphene/hBN/graphene/hBN (double-cell), are investigated in detail. The spontaneous emission decay rate near the graphene/hBN samples can be increased by several orders of magnitude because of the hyperbolic characteristics of hBN. For the monocell, two sharp peaks appear in the Purcell factor curve, corresponding to the hyperbolic frequency ranges of hBN. The Purcell factor can be actively controlled by the chemical potential of graphene via the coupling of surface plasmons (SPs) supported by graphene and hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) supported by hBN. As the chemical potential increases, the Purcell factor decreases when the distance between the quantum emitter and the sample is less than 1/1000 transition wavelength. Conversely, the Purcell factor increases when the distance ranges from 1/1000 to 1/100 transition wavelength. The interaction between two quantum emitters in the proximity of different samples in reflective configuration is investigated, and the interaction exhibits an oscillation between superradiant and subradiant states in accordance with the separation between the two emitters. The interaction between quantum emitters can also be controlled freely with the chemical potential of graphene. This work provides a meaningful basis for modulating the spontaneous emission, and could be valuable in expanding the application of new and emerging materials in the field of light–matter interaction.
Sub-100 fs all-fiber broadband electro-optic optical frequency comb at 1.5 µm
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Jianghua , Yin Ke , Li Yiming , Zheng Xin , Jiang Tian
Published: October 2020

A sub-100 fs all-fiber broadband optical frequency comb seeded from a 12.5 GHz electro-optic modulated pulse is presented. Combining pulse reshaping, nonlinear mixing with dispersion compensation processes, a frequency comb with the main pulse width of 86 fs was achieved. The frequency comb has a 6 dB spectral bandwidth spanning over 150 nm which corresponding to more than 1500 comb tones. The measured average power of the broadband comb is over 550 mW, and the calculated average power of each comb line is roughly −4 dBm. To illustrate the whole spectral broadening process, a numerical investigation was also brought out, showing a very good match with the experiments. With a delayed self-heterodyne interferometer, the evolutions of the seed comb linewidths and the broadened comb linewidths were measured revealing the same parabolic trend. Specifically, the linewidths of the 20 seed comb lines are less than 10 kHz, while the linewidths of the 400 broadened comb lines are less than 1 MHz. The results also indicate that the nonlinear mixing led to an accumulation of the phase noise with respect to the comb line number, indicating that a low phase noise RF source or phase locking technique is essential to produce ultra-low phase noise broadband electro-optic combs.
Infrastructure as Code als Maßnahme zur Cloud Automatisierung – Hilfestellung zur Auswahl des richtigen Werkzeugs
Authors: Özel Abdullah , Pautz Tobias , Schmidt Nikolaus
Published: October 2020

Es stehen mittlerweile mehrere IaC-Tools zur Verfügung, um die Bereitstellung und Konfiguration der Cloud-Infrastruktur zu automatisieren. Mit der Fülle an Auswahlmöglichkeiten gestaltet sich der Auswahlprozess für das geeignete IaC-Tool zunehmend schwieriger. Zusätzlich mangelt es an einer Entscheidungshilfe für den Auswahlprozess des geeigneten IaC-Tools. Wir glauben, dass eine Entscheidungshilfe für den Auswahlprozess des IaC-Tools dazu beitragen kann, bei der Cloud Migration von Anwendungen einen besseren Service zu bieten. Daher zielt diese Forschungsarbeit darauf ab, den Auswahlprozess zu unterstützen, indem eine Hilfestellung bei der Auswahl des richtigen IaC-Tools gegeben wird.
The effect of Aspergillus niger as a dietary supplement on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora in Haidong chicks reared in a high altitude environment
Authors: Lin Hao , Ding Baoan , Chen Lingyun , Zhang Zhenming , He Hailian , Wang Jingge , Wang Xiezhong , Zhang Licheng , Ni Xiaoming , Fronte Baldassare
Published: October 2020

Aim: The effects of the inclusion of Aspergillus niger in the diet of Haidong chicks reared in the Qing-Zang high altitude area (China) under hypoxic conditions.

Materials and Methods: A total of 720 Haidong chicks were randomly divided into six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5% of A. niger to determine blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora in Haidong chicks reared in a high altitude environment.

Results: Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration increased in the groups fed diets containing A. niger. The administration of A. niger in 1.0% and 1.25% significantly decreased the concentration of Escherichia coli in the cecum, while the concentration of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the cecum and ileum was increased in the treated groups. When compared to the control groups, villi height, crypt depth, and goblet cell density in the intestine was raised, in general, in the groups treated with A. niger.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that 1.25% A. niger as dietary supplement may improve the resistance to ascites among birds reared under hypoxic conditions.
Estrategias de aceptabilidad de la vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano: una revisión sistemática
Authors:   Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, Benavides Cabuya Héctor Julio , Polo Peña Elsa Yicelis ,   Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, Rodríguez Araujo Diana María ,   Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, Tovar Rodríguez Paola ,   Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, Pineda-Marín Claudia ,   Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
Published: October 2020

El cáncer de cuello uterino es la cuarta causa de cáncer en mujeres, siendo el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) su mayor factor de riesgo. Este virus produce, además, otros tipos de cáncer e infecciones que afectan a hombres y a mujeres. La vacuna del VPH ha mostrado eficacia y seguridad en su prevención, sin embargo, se han evidenciado barreras que disminuyen su aceptación en las comunidades. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las estrategias más efectivas en la intervención comunitaria con el fin de mejorar la aceptabilidad de la vacunación contra el VPH. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Medline y Google Académico de junio a julio de 2019, sin restricciones temporales, en idioma inglés y español. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos que evaluaran estrategias para mejorar la vacunación contra el VPH. Se revisaron 22 estudios que evaluaban estrategias de intervención comunitaria y se identificaron, principalmente tres: el uso de información y formación de tipo virtual, el involucramiento tanto de padres, madres o cuidadores como del personal sanitario, así como el involucramiento de los hombres y de las personas de orientación sexual diversa como población objetivo.
STRATEGI COPING: SISTEMATIK REVIU PADA KORBAN FACE-TO-FACE BULLYING DAN CYBERBULLYING
Authors: Darmayanti Kusumasari Kartika Hima , Kurniawati Farida
Published: October 2020

Angka korban bullying di Indonesia mengalami kenaikan. Korban mempunyai reaksi emosi yang berbeda, yang mana tergantung pada strategi coping yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sistematik reviu pada strategi coping korban face-to-face bullying dan cyberbullying dari pelajar sekolah dasar, sekolah menengah pertama, sekolah menengah atas, dan mahasiswa. Untuk melakukan sistematik reviu, 35 penelitian disaring dari tujuh database elektronik, meliputi: Taylor & Francis Online, Sage Journal, Science Direct, Springer Link, ProQuest, cyberpsychology.eu, dan Wiley Online Library. Pada sistematik reviu ini, terdapat 15 penelitian yang tersisa yang dikategorikan berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan dan strategi coping pada korban face-to-face bullying, face-to-face bullying dan cyberbullying, dan cyberbullying. Secara umum, strategi coping yang digunakan yakni problem-focused coping dan emotion-focused coping. Perbedaan terdapat pada penerapan problem-focused coping; bagaimana korban menghindari pelaku bullying, apakah dalam konteks interaksi langsung atau menggunaka media elektronik. Penelitian selanjutnya hendaknya fokus pada pemilahan strategi coping yang adaptif sehingga para praktisi bisa menerapkan intervensi strategi copingguna meningkatkan kesehatan mental.
Evaluating the practice of the design-build procurement method in South Africa
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa, Ilori Olubunmi , Talukhaba Alfred ,   Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Published: October 2020

A well implemented good practice of Design-Build procurement method brings different disciplines and aspects of construction process together, which in turn minimizes the incidents of constructors having to repeat work, and thus, result in cost and time savings. This type of procurement method increases the probability of a successful project that meets the expectations of all stakeholders. A bad practice of Design–Build procurement method increases the probability that the project’s performance will becompromised and that some or all of the stakeholders disappointed. The aim of this research is to determine whether Design-build procurement method is rightly practiced in South Africa. Data were collected from consultants and contractors using a structured questionnaire via personal contact and email. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses. This paper argues that design-build procurement is not correctly practiced in South Africa. This may be due to the late introduction andthe level of understanding of the procurement method.
Retrospective look on front-end planning in the construction industry: Aliterature review of 30 years of research
Authors:   School of PCPM, RMIT University, Australia, Hansen Seng , Too Eric ,   School of PCPM, RMIT University, Australia, Le Tiendung ,   School of PCPM, RMIT University, Australia
Published: October 2020

Academics and practitioners have paid close attention to front-end planning research, especially in the construction industry. It is known with many acronyms including pre-project planning and front-end loading. Since 1994, Construction Industry Institute (CII) has set front-end planning as one of themain research topicareas in their knowledge structure. A lot of research related to front-end planning and project scope definition has been conductedsince then. However, there lacks a comprehensive review of the currentstudies on the topic. Thus, the objective of this research was to undertake a comprehensive literature review of papers related to front-end planning. Reviewing 83 selected papers, this research raises several important issues regarding front-end planning such as the position of front-end planning in project life cycle, the differentiation between front-end planning and project planning, the significance of front-end planning, the front-end planning organization management, the front-end planning phases, the challenges in front-end planning implementation, and the identification of research gaps in front-end planning. The findings of this research contribute to furtherunderstanding of front-end planning andwould be useful for practitioners and academics to conduct further empirical studies on the subject matter.
Leveraging e-business technology for construction procurement improvement: Qualitative perspectives from Ghana
Authors:   Evangelical Presbyterian University College, Ho, Ghana, Adzroe Erik , Awuzie Bankole ,   Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Published: October 2020

e-Business technology adoption within the Ghanaian construction context has been described as abysmal, particularly among Ghanaian construction micro and small businesses (GCMSBs). Elucidating the salience of e-business technology in engendering construction procurement improvement, this study focuses on the development of capability within GCMSBs to engage with, and benefit from, the adoption of such technologies. The study adopts a qualitative multi-case study research design. Consequently, three (3) projects were selected based on pre-determined case selection criteria. Forty-five (45) interviewees were recruited from the projects and government agencies in a manner suggestive of purposive sampling. Excerpts from the interview sessions were transcribed and subsequently, analysed through thematic analysis. Findings confirmed that the absorptive capability of GCMSBs were indeed at a low level due to inadequate training and education, and; non-investment in capability development. A conceptual model to facilitate the adoption process in GCMSBs was proposed. These findings, as epitomized in the conceptual framework, contribute to the burgeoning discourse on the development of innovative capabilities within Micro and Small businesses in the construction industry in developing economies. Furthermore, this study highlights the positive influence of the adoption of e-business technologies on the capacity and capability of GCSMBs. Such improvements on the part of these firms through the framework will translate into optimal working relationships between them and foreign construction firms working within the local Ghanaian context. And, through such relationships, foster growth within these GCSMBs.
« Le retour incertain d’Aya et de Prince »
Authors: Maâ Anissa
Published: October 2020

Les « retours volontaires » mis en oeuvre par l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) sont une forme contemporaine d’éloignement qui a la particularité de s’appuyer sur la « volonté » des migrants eux-mêmes. Tandis que la littérature a largement souligné la dimension contrainte de cette « volonté », il convient cependant de s’interroger sur le processus non linéaire et en partie contingent, qui amène les personnes migrantes à s’engager dans une procédure de retour auprès de l’OIM. À partir de la trajectoire de retour d’Aya et de son fils Prince, tous deux en instance de départ depuis le Maroc, cet article s’intéresse aux interactions entre les pratiques des intermédiaires migratoires et l’agencéité migrante dans la production d’une volonté au retour. Il observe les balbutiements d’une décision émergente de retour, le rôle d’acteurs intermédiaires dans la transformation de cette dernière en une demande d’assistance auprès de l’OIM, et l’incertitude qui persiste dans l’issue et les modalités d’une procédure de retour volontaire. Ainsi, l’article démontre que le retour volontaire se façonne au sein d’un espace relationnel d’intermédiation qui se positionne à l’interface de la violence des frontières et de la capacité d’action des migrants. C’est précisément dans ce noeud d’indétermination que convergent, s’opposent et se déforment, mécanismes de contrôle d’une part, et agencéité migrante d’autre part.
Les formes plurielles de la migration de retour
Authors: Lenoël Audrey , David Anda , Maitilasso Annalisa , Bredeloup Sylvie
Published: October 2020

L’équipe coordinatrice de ce numéro a demandé à l’anthropologue africaniste Sylvie Bredeloup d’apporter des éclairages à propos de la migration de retour à partir de sa pratique ethnographique, notamment en Afrique de l’Ouest. Parmi les différents enjeux abordés, Bredeloup insiste sur la prédominance des retours spontanés, en marge des programmes institutionnels, ainsi que sur l’importance de déconstruire « les idées reçues » sur le retour.
The Effect of Enzymatic Modification on the Dyeability of Polyester Fabric with Reactive Dye
Authors: Toprak Tuba , Anis Pervin
Published: October 2020

The inert chemical structure of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) prevents its dyeability with reactive dyes. In this study, the reactive dyeability of polyester fabrics after enzymatic surface modification with different lipases and cutinase was investigated. The reason for the hydrophilicity of the fiber after enzymatic treatment was thought to be functional groups produced after this process, but their peak intensities in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were low and shaded by other functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the enzymatic treatment did not cause any surface damage. A slight staining ( K/ S = 0.30) of the PET fabrics with the reactive dye occurred after enzymatic treatments. Moreover, the fastness to washing and rubbing of the reactive dye stained fabrics were good to excellent.
Władca idealny i tyran w myśli politycznej średniowiecza
Authors: Nikodem Jarosław
Published: October 2020

Autor w skróconej formie prezentuje elementy średniowiecznej doktryny politycznej poświęconej spostrzeżeniom na temat władcy doskonałego/idealnego oraz władzy tyrańskiej i monarchy tyrana. Interesuje go, w jaki sposób definiowano istotę władzy monarszej, jakie  wymagania stawiano królom oraz które z tych wymagań miały określać władcę idealnego. W dalszej części rozważań autor prezentuje opinie pisarzy politycznych o istocie władzy tyrańskiej, jednocześnie uwypuklając ewolucję poglądów, która swe apogeum znalazła w XV w. Wówczas stwierdzono, że tyranem przestawał być władca, natomiast stawał się nim królewski przeciwnik. Dwie kolejne przeanalizowane kwestie dotyczą stosunku poddanych do władzy tyrana oraz dyskutowanej dopuszczalności tyranobójstwa.
Generał „Iwanow” – ostatni stalinowiec – o Polsce
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: October 2020

Najpierw (2016) ukazała się wersja rosyjska książki. Obecnie tłumaczenie polskie: Tajemnice walizki generała Sierowa. Dzienniki pierwszego szefa KGB. 1939-1963.  (Red. Aleksandr Hinsztejn,  tłum. A. Janowski, J. Cichocki, wyd. REA-SJ sp. z o.o., Konstancin-Jeziorna 2019). Są to prowadzone na bieżąco przez niemal ćwierć wieku zapiski-pamiętniki szefa sowieckiej bezpieki, a później sowieckiego wywiadu wojskowego. Ogromny manuskrypt odkryty został po śmierci autora przez wnuczkę w schowku, podczas remontu domu. Jako jedyny w Związku Radzieckim Sierow był szefem zarówno „cywilnego” Komitetu Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego (KGB), jak i wojskowego Głównego Zarządu Wywiadu (GRU).  Od chwili wybuchu drugiej wojny światowej aż do kryzysu kubańskiego w 1962 r.  generał bezpieki Iwan Aleksandrowicz Sierow czynnie uczestniczył w absolutnie wszystkich najważniejszych wydarzeniach tych lat i to uczestniczył na najwyższym szczeblu decyzyjnym, pozostając w stałym kontakcie najpierw ze Stalinem, a później z Chruszczowem. W szczególności to Sierow przeprowadził zbrodniczą pacyfikację Polski.  Karierę jego zakończyła afera superszpiega Olega Pieńkowskiego.Bogactwo prowadzonych na bieżąco dzienników Sierowa jest niebywałe, z pewnością będzie wykorzystywane w wielu pracach. Autor tych słów uważa, że jako źródło historyczne wartością swą pamiętniki Sierowa przewyższają rewelacyjne niegdyś Pawła Sudopłatowa  Wspomnienia niewygodnego świadka. Sierow zdawał sobie sprawę, że uczestniczy w zbrodniach, wiarołomstwie, ale traktował to jako wykonywanie rozkazów – służenie Związkowi Radzieckiemu i partii komunistycznej w możliwie najskuteczniejszy sposób. Z uwagi na ogrom spraw, w tym miejscu autor przybliża jedynie sprawy polskie widziane oczami genialnego zbrodniarza.
Legal and historical subjects at Polish faculties of law
Authors: Kantor-Kozdrowicki Piotr , Materniak-Pawłowska Małgorzata , Przygodzki Jacek
Published: October 2020

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Między historią a prawoznawstwem. Refleksje teoretyczne o historii prawa
Authors: Szczepaniak Damian
Published: October 2020

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Judicial Review – historia i współczesność
Authors: Justyński Janusz , Justyńska Izabela
Published: October 2020

Judicial Review – sądowa kontrola konstytucyjności ustaw, kształtowała się na przestrzeni kilkuset lat, równolegle z formowaniem się podstawowych elementów współczesnych systemów politycznych. Jej pojawianie się poprzedziło ugruntowanie się koncepcji trójpodziału władz, suwerenności narodu (w miejsce suwerenności władzy królewskiej) oraz praw człowieka.Instytucje te oraz zasady ustrojowe wprowadzone zostały do Konstytucji amerykańskiej z 1787 r. , której struktura podkreśla fundamentalny charakter trójpodziału władz, jak również, przez wprowadzenie do niej w procesie ratyfikacji Konstytucji, pierwszych dziesięciu poprawek – praw i wolności obywatela amerykańskiego.Przez okres ponad stulecia debata polityczna, w tym także ustrojowa, Europy koncentrowała się nade wszystko nad problematyką suwerenności i praw, tym samym odsuwała na plan dalszy kontrolę konstytucyjności ustaw. Uważano bowiem, iż formowanie organu sprawującego kontrolę konstytucyjną nad aktami władzy ustawodawczej i decyzjami formowanej przez nią władzy wykonawczej, prowadzi do ustanowienia swoistej super izby wobec parlamentu będącego emanacją woli suwerena.Refleksje ustrojowe A. de Tocqueville, następnie rozważania i działania praktyczne H. Kelsena przybliżyły – stopniowo- instytucję sądowej kontroli konstytucyjności ustaw do realiów europejskich. Poważna debata polityczna nad tym zagadnieniem podjęta została w Polsce w latach osiemdziesiątych, a warunki do jej ustrojowej materializacji powstały dzięki regulacjom Konstytucji RP w 1997 r. Proces integracji europejskiej sprawił, iż polski system ustrojowy, w tym także funkcjonowanie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, stało się częścią tworzonego przez Unię Europejską autonomicznego systemu prawnego.