bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“It's wrong to relax, you have to be on the go, go, go, all the time”: Emotional transformation in a case of emotion‐focused therapy for generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Keogh Daragh , Timulak Ladislav
Published: September 2023

Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent, chronic and impairing disorder. The aim of this study was to qualitatively describe the transformation in emotional processing across 16 sessions of a successful emotion‐focused therapy (EFT) treatment for GAD. A theoretical framework derived from the EFT model of in‐session emotional transformation proposed by Pascual‐Leone and Greenberg was used as the basis for qualitative analysis. Additionally, the Classification of Affective Meaning States, the Client‐Expressed Arousal Scale‐III and the Client Emotional Productivity Scale‐Revised were utilised by observer–raters to classify moment‐by‐moment shifts in client affective‐meaning states, emotional arousal and emotional productivity. Results supported the emotion transformation model. The client presented in a state of poorly differentiated but highly aroused distress provoked by identifiable interpersonal and intrapersonal triggers. Emotional and behavioural avoidance provoked by fear of pain was evident. Accessing core pain and responding to attendant needs with compassion and protective anger was shown to facilitate the higher order emotional processing states of grief, relief and agency. Implications are proposed, including that addressing core emotional vulnerability may be a critical intervention in the successful treatment of GAD.
Net clinical benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fujisaki Tomohiro , Kuno Toshiki , Iwagami Masao , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Takagi Hisato , Deharo Pierre , Cuisset Thomas , Briasoulis Alexandros , Panaich Sidakpal , Latib Azeem , Kohsaka Shun
Published: September 2023

Background

Contemporary dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) strategies, such as short‐term DAPT or de‐escalation of DAPT, have emerged as attractive strategies to treat patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, it remains uncertain whether they are suitable for elderly patients.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched in September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating DAPT strategies, including standard (12 months), short‐term, uniform de‐escalation, and guided‐selection strategies for elderly patients with ACS (age ≥ 65 years) were identified, and a network meta‐analysis was conducted. The primary endpoint was the net clinical benefit outcome, a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and clinically relevant bleeding (equivalent to bleeding of at least type 2 according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium). The secondary outcomes were MACE and major bleeding.

Results

Sixteen RCTs with a combined total of 47,911 patients were included. The uniform de‐escalation strategy was associated with an improved net clinical benefit compared with DAPT using potent P2Y12 inhibitors. The short‐term DAPT strategy was associated with reduced risks of the primary outcome and major bleeding compared with DAPT using potent P2Y12 inhibitors, however, it was ranked as the least effective strategy for MACE compared with other DAPT strategies.

Conclusions

Uniform de‐escalation and short‐term DAPT strategies may be advantageous for elderly patients, but need to be tailored based on individual bleeding and ischemic risks. Further RCTs of contemporary DAPT strategies specifically designed for elderly patients are warranted to confirm the findings of the present study.
Recent Progress on Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Insights on the Type of Synthesis Protocols, Performances and Outlook Mechanisms
Authors: Mbokazi Siyabonga Patrick , Matthews Thabo , Chabalala Makhaokane Paulina , Selepe Cyril Tlou , Mugadza Kudzai , Gwebu Sandile Surprise , Mekuto Lukhanyo , Maxakato Nobanathi Wendy
Published: September 2023

Due to their low cost, accessibility of resources, and improved stability and durability, carbon‐based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention as cathode materials for oxygen reduction reactions. These materials also exhibit intrinsic physical and electrochemical features. However, their potential for use in fuel cells is constrained by low ORR activity and slow kinetics. Carbon nanomaterials can be functionalized and doped with heteroatoms to change their morphologies and generate a large number of oxygen reduction active sites to lessen the problems. Doping the carbon lattice with heteroatoms like N, S, and P and functionalizing the carbon structure with −OCH3, −F, −COO−, −O− are two of these modifications that can change specific properties of the carbon nanomaterials like expanding interlayer distance, producing a large number of active sites, and enhancing oxygen reduction activity. When compared to pristine carbon‐based nanomaterials, these doped and functionalized carbon nanomaterials, including their composites, exhibit accelerated rate performance, outstanding stability, and higher methanol tolerance. This article summarizes the most recent developments in heteroatom‐doped and functionalized carbon‐based nanomaterials, covering different synthesis approaches, characterization methods, electrochemical performance, and oxygen reduction reaction mechanisms. As cathode materials for fuel cell technologies, the significance of heteroatom co‐doping and transition metal heteroatom co‐doping is also underlined.
Palladium Complexes of N‐Methylcorroles
Authors: Pizzoli Francesco , Mita Alessandro , Caroleo Fabrizio , Nardis Sara , Calice Umberto , Caporale Marilena , Belviso Sandra , Superchi Stefano , Marconi Alessia , Calvaresi Matteo , Capolungo Chiara , Prodi Luca , Smith Kevin M. , Fronczek Frank R. , Paolesse Roberto
Published: September 2023

Alkylation of one of the inner‐core nitrogen atoms is one possible approach to obtain dianionic corrole ligands, suitable for the coordination of divalent metal ions, such as PdII. Inner‐core N‐methylation can be obtained by treating the corrole with CH3I, but the reaction conditions should be optimized to limit the formation of the dimethylated derivative. Two regioisomers, the N‐21 and the N‐22 methyl derivatives are obtained from the reaction, with the first product achieved in a higher amount. Structural characterization of the reaction products evidenced the distortion induced by the introduction of the methyl groups; the N‐methylcorroles are chiral compounds, and the enantiomers were separated by chromatography, with their absolute configuration assigned by ECD computation. Palladium insertion was achieved in the case of monosubstituted corroles, but not with the dimethylated macrocycle; X‐ray characterization of the complexes showed the distortion of the macrocycles. The Pd complexes do not show luminescence emission, but are able to produce singlet oxygen upon irradiation. The PdII complexes were also inserted in human serum albumin (HSA) and dispersed in water; in this case, the protein protects the corroles from photobleaching, and a switch from the type II to the type I mechanism in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is observed.
Trends in der Mehrphasensimulation
Authors: Heck Ulrich , Becker Martin
Published: September 2023

Die Entwicklung neuer Hybridmodelle in der Mehrphasen‐Strömungssimulation ermöglicht eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung von verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen. Damit können bei der Zerstäubung die Einflüsse der Düse und der gewählten Betriebsparameter auf die entstehende Partikelgröße und die späteren Sprayeigenschaften vorhergesagt und zur gezielten Prozessoptimierung genutzt werden.
[1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidines as Tools to Investigate A3 Adenosine Receptors in Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Federico Stephanie , Persico Margherita , Trevisan Letizia , Biasinutto Chiara , Bolcato Giovanni , Salmaso Veronica , Da Ros Tatiana , Gianferrara Teresa , Prencipe Filippo , Kachler Sonja , Klotz Karl‐Norbert , Pacor Sabrina , Moro Stefano , Spalluto Giampiero
Published: September 2023

The A3 adenosine receptor is an interesting target whose role in cancer is controversial. In this work, a structural investigation at the 2‐position of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine nucleus was performed, finding new potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists such as the ethyl 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐(methylamino)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine‐8‐carboxylate (20, DZ123) that showed a Ki value of 0.47 nM and an exceptional selectivity profile over the other adenosine receptor subtypes. Computational studies were performed to rationalize the affinity and the selectivity profile of the tested compounds at the A3 adenosine receptor and the A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. Compound 20 was tested on both A3 adenosine receptor positive cell lines (CHO‐A3AR transfected, THP1 and HCT16) and on A3 negative cancer cell lines, showing no effect in the latter and a pro‐proliferative effect at a low concentration in the former. These interesting results pave the way to further investigation on both the mechanism involved and potential therapeutic applications.
An investigation of color difference for binocular rivalry and a preliminary rivalry metric, ΔE*bino
Authors: Asano Yuta , Wang Minqi
Published: September 2023

Head‐mounted displays (HMDs) for virtual and augmented reality applications could have severe nonuniformities due to complex optical components and the choice of light source technologies. In addition, module variations between the two eyes can result in different colors being seen with the left and right eyes. Binocular rivalry is expected for large color differences between the two eyes, which can severely affect product usability. Thus, it is important to characterize and predict the binocular rivalry in HMDs caused by interocular color differences. As a step toward this end, we propose the first binocular color difference metric, ΔE*bino, to predict the just noticeable binocular rivalry for a pair of solid colors. A psychophysical experiment was conducted using Meta Quest 2, in which we presented different colors to the left and right eye. The collected data were analyzed to derive the metric using ROC curves. We show that the ΔE*bino metric showed significant improvements over conventional color difference formulae. Both the ΔE*bino formula and the anonymized experiment results are available for download.
Constrained deformations of positive scalar curvature metrics, II
Authors: Carlotto Alessandro , Li Chao
Published: September 2023

We prove that various spaces of constrained positive scalar curvature metrics on compact three‐manifolds with boundary, when not empty, are contractible. The constraints we mostly focus on are given in terms of local conditions on the mean curvature of the boundary, and our treatment includes both the mean‐convex and the minimal case. We then discuss the implications of these results on the topology of different subspaces of asymptotically flat initial data sets for the Einstein field equations in general relativity.
Stimuli‐Responsive, Dynamic Supramolecular Organic Frameworks
Authors: Pedrini Alessandro , Marchetti Danilo , Pinalli Roberta , Massera Chiara
Published: September 2023

Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) are a class of three‐dimensional, potentially porous materials obtained by the self‐assembly of organic building blocks held together by weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and dispersion forces. SOFs are being extensively studied for their potential applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, guest encapsulation and sensing. The supramolecular forces that guide their self‐assembly endow them with an attractive combination of crystallinity and flexibility, providing intelligent dynamic materials that can respond to external stimuli in a reversible way. The present review article will focus on SOFs showing dynamic behaviour when exposed to different stimuli, highlighting fundamental aspects such as the combination of tectons and supramolecular interactions involved in the framework formation, structure‐property relationship and their potential applications.
Detection of SPV2 and SPCSV and their possible influence on the yield in multiple virus infections
Authors: Mmboyi Midana A. , Mulabisana Mapula J. , Laurie Sunette M. , van der Merwe Renate M. P. Roux , Cochrane Nicolene M.
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of Sweet potato virus 2 (SPV2) and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) in the Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Gauteng provinces of South Africa was determined using serological and nucleic acid based methods. Cloning and sequencing part of the coat protein (CP) gene and the complete genome using next generation sequencing (NGS) were also conducted to characterize and determine the sequence variability in SPV2 isolates. Primers designed in the current study successfully detected and confirmed the prevalence of SPV2 in the three provinces surveyed. The pairwise comparison of the amino acid (aa) sequences encoding the CP gene region confirmed that isolates in this study are related to SPV2, sharing a 94% to 99% CP aa identity with those originally reported in South Africa. The East African (EA) strain of SPCSV was also detected in the three provinces surveyed. Phylogenetic analysis using part of the CP encoding nucleotide (nt) sequences showed that the South African isolates correspond to but are distinct from the other EA strains of SPCSV used as reference sequences. Assessment of varieties and breeding lines’ response to multiple infection of potyviruses identified variety NC1560, breeding lines 2002‐21‐1 and 2006‐5‐4 as promising for inclusion in future breeding programs as sources of parent material for virus tolerance.
Closing the Gap: Towards a Fully Continuous and Self‐Regulated Kolbe Electrosynthesis
Authors: Drögemüller Patrick , Stobbe Tobias , Schröder Uwe
Published: September 2023

In this article, we address the transition of the Kolbe electrolysis of valeric acid (VA) to n‐octane as an exemplary electrosynthesis process from a batch reaction to a continuous, self‐regulated process. Based on a systematic assessment of chemical boundary conditions and sustainability aspects, we propose a continuous electrosynthesis including a simple product separation and electrolyte recirculation, as well as an online‐pH‐controlled VA feeding. We demonstrate how essential performance parameters such as product selectivity (S) and coulombic efficiency (CE) are significantly improved by the transition from batch to a continuous process. Thus, the continuous and pH‐controlled electrolysis of a 1 M valeric acid, starting pH 6.0, allowed a constantly high selectivity of around 47 % and an average Coulomb efficiency about 52 % throughout the entire experimental duration. Under otherwise identical conditions, the conventional batch operation suffered from lower and strongly decreasing performance values (Sn‐octane, 60min=10.4 %, Sn‐octane, 240min=1.3 %; CEn‐octane, 60min=7.1 %, CEn‐octane, 240min=0.5 %). At the same time, electrolyte recirculation significantly reduces wastes and limits the use of electrolyte components.
Robust control for non‐minimum phase and cross‐regulation in single‐inductor dual‐output boost converter
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhang Xuan , Wu Jiarong , Luo Liping
Published: September 2023

Single‐inductor dual‐output (SIDO) boost converters are used extensively in modern power systems because of their small circuit volume and high efficiency. However, SIDO boost converters exhibit non‐minimum phase property, and the coupling of the inductor current results in coupled dual outputs leading to cross‐regulation, which seriously affects the dynamic performance and stability of the system. To settle the non‐minimum phase issue and suppress the cross‐regulation of SIDO boost converters, proposed herein is a robust control method, which combines the exact feedback linearization (EFL) theory, adaptive technology, and sliding mode control (SMC) method. A nonlinear mathematical model is established, and a set of output functions for full linearization are constructed based on EFL theory. Furthermore, the output functions are linearized, and two single‐input single‐output linear subsystems are obtained. The SMC technologies are used to control the linear subsystems to improve the robustness of the system, and an adaptive mechanism is adopted to update the sliding mode switching gain to reduce chattering. Furthermore, the global asymptotic stability of the control system is proved based on the Lyapunov theory, and the robustness of the closed‐loop system is verified. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach provides better dynamic regulation performance compared with the existing method.
Assessment of the diet of the critically endangered northern hairy‐nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii) using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Casey Fiona , Old Julie M. , Stannard Hayley Jade
Published: September 2023

Invasive buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is considered a threat to the critically endangered northern hairy‐nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii; NHW). Buffel grass outcompetes native grasses, reducing availability of native food items for NHW, and causes more intense fires due to the large volumes of dead matter it produces. Previous studies suggested buffel grass was increasing in the diet; however, the diet of the NHW has not been reassessed for over two decades and was limited to Epping Forest National Park, with the population at Richard Underwood Nature Refuge having never been assessed. The recently released 2022 Recovery Action Plan for the species outlined objectives to assist its conservation and recommended the impact of buffel grass on the species' diet be investigated. This study aimed to determine: (1) which plant species are being consumed by the NHW; (2) the differences in the diet between sites; (3) differences between seasons; and (4) the abundance of buffel grass in the diet. The diet was assessed using DNA metabarcoding of scat samples collected from both sites from winter 2020 to spring 2021. Site and season significantly affected the diet of the NHW. Buffel grass dominated the diet and has increased in the diet since past assessments. The findings of this study will support population and habitat management of the critically endangered NHW. Enhanced knowledge of dietary items consumed at both sites will also assist efforts to locate additional sites suitable for translocation.
Costimulatory capacity of CD137 mAbs on T cells depends on elaborate CRD structures but not on blocking ligand‒receptor binding
Authors: Jin Xin , Yi Ling , Wang Xiaojue , Yan Zhuohong , Wei Panjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Hongtao
Published: September 2023

CD137 is mainly a costimulatory receptor of CD8+ T cells. Two representative CD137 antibodies, utomilumab, and urelumab, show different costimulatory capacities in clinical trials. Balancing the antitumor effect and systemic toxicity of T cells activated by CD137 signaling is a challenge that requires clinical consideration. In this study, a panel of specific anti‐human CD137 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared and their affinities, isotypes, CD137‐CRD (cysteine‐rich domain) binding regions, cross‐reactivity to mouse and rhesus CD137, inhibition of ligand‒receptor binding and costimulatory activities were analyzed. The results showed that anti‐human CD137 mAbs had high cross‐reactivity with rhesus CD137. MAbs fell into three clusters according to their different binding regions of the CD137 extracellular domain. They bound to CRDI+CRDII, CRDIII or CRDIV+STP. CRDIII‐binding mAbs had the strongest blocking activity. Highly costimulatory CD137 mAbs showed stronger abilities to promote CD8+ T‐cell proliferation. However, the costimulatory capacity of mAbs on T cells was not closely related to their ability to block CD137L‐CD137 binding and may be controlled by more elaborate CRD conformational structures. This study provides additional information for the development of next‐generation CD137 mAbs to meet clinical needs.
3D‐printed amperometric sensor for the detection of ethanol in saliva
Authors: Wrobel von Zuben Theodora , Kalinke Cristiane , Campos Janegitz Bruno , Gonçalves Salles Airton , Alves Bonacin Juliano
Published: September 2023

In this work, we report a non‐enzymatic and metal‐free ethanol sensor based on 3D PLA‐graphene electrodes. We evaluated the optimal activation treatment for PLA‐graphene to achieve a sensor for monitoring ethanol levels in saliva samples, following the legal limits for drivers in various countries. The analytical performance of the sensor was determined through amperometric measurements, demonstrating a linear detection ranging supporting electrolyte (0.990–19.3 mmol L−1) and artificial saliva sample (0.990–17.4 mmol L−1), with respective limits of detection of 0.135 and 0.239 mmol L−1. The 3D‐printed sensor exhibited excellent repeatability and reproducibility. This method was effectively employed for ethanol detection, highlighting its potential as an alternative approach for assessing ethanol levels in drivers while considering diverse legal regulations across different countries.
In situ produced exopolysaccharides by Bacillus coagulansIBRC‐M 10807 and its effects on properties of whole wheat sourdough
Authors: Farajinejad Zahra , Mohtarami Forogh , Pirouzifard Mirkhalil , Amiri Saber , Hamishehkar Hamed
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate in situ exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production by Bacillus coagulans IBRC‐M 10807 under different fermentation conditions to improve the technical‐functional properties of whole wheat flour sourdough and obtain high‐quality products. For this purpose, the effectiveness of four efficient factors including B. coagulans (8 Log CFU/g), FOS (0%, 2.5%, and 5% based on flour weight), fermentation temperature (30, 35, and 40°C), and fermentation time (12, 18, and 24 h) was investigated on the production of functional sourdough. Our work focused on optimizing probiotic sourdough by investigating probiotic viability, pH, total titratable acidity, antioxidant properties, and EPS measurement. The first optimal formulation for maximized production of the in situ EPSs by the numerical optimization included FOS 0%, B. coagulans IBRC‐M 10807 8 Log CFU/g, fermentation temperature of 30°C, and fermentation time of 12 h. In this case, EPSs was 59.28 mg/g and probiotic was 10.99 Log CFU/g. The second optimal formula by considering the highest viability of probiotic together with EPS production was determined as FOS 4.71%, B. coagulans IBRC‐M 10807, 8 Log CFU/g, fermentation temperature of 30°C, and fermentation time of 20 h. The predicted amount of the EPSs and probiotic viability via the second formulation were 54.4 mg/g and 11.18 Log CFU/g, respectively. Analyses of optimal sourdough using FTIR, SEM, and DSC revealed that FOS and probiotics significantly reduced the enthalpy of amylopectin retrogradation and delayed it compared to other samples. Therefore, improving the final product's technological capabilities and shelf life can be credited with potential benefits.
Inspection of Capparis spinosa essential oils for quality assurance of fish burgers during refrigerated storage
Authors: Shafaghi Rad Mohammad , Nouri Marjan
Published: September 2023

Fish products are highly perishable as a result of easy spoilage by microorganism populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Capparis spinosa essential oils (CSEOs) on physicochemical, sensory, oxidative, and microbiological attributes for fish burgers during refrigerated storage (8 days). For this purpose, CSEOs were prepared by water distillation (CS‐WD), CO2 supercritical fluid (CS‐SCF), subcritical water (CS‐SW) to determine bioactive substances. Total phenol and flavonoid contents and also antioxidant activity were measured in CSEOs extracted by these procedures and phytochemical identification was performed through gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. These essential oils (EOs) were used at 0.2% in fish burgers, and controls (without additives) and those containing sodium erythorbate were also prepared. Physicochemical, oxidative, microbiological, and sensory functions were examined every 2 days. Phytochemicals were found in CSEOs, and the highest was related to isopropyl isothiocyanate. Addition of CSEOs led to dark, yellow and red colors for fish burgers compared with control. The manufacture of primary and secondary products in oxidation and different microorganisms in samples were significantly decreased by CSEOs compared with controls (p < .05). The antioxidant feature of the burger with CS‐SCF was higher than that of the sample treated with CS‐WD, but these EOs indicated almost the same antimicrobial attributes, and the lowest antioxidant and microbial activities were found for CS‐SW in the fish burger. The sensory results demonstrated that CSEOs did not reduce scores, which maintained the acceptance quality of burgers during refrigerated storage. As a conclusion, CSEOs can be used as effective antioxidants and preservatives in burgers, and sensory acceptance was preserved during storage.
Headspace stir‐bar sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for trace analysis of volatile organic compounds in Schisandra chinensis Baillon (omija)
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Yun‐Yeol , Choi Yun‐Sang , Jang Hae Won
Published: September 2023

Analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in food is crucial but challenging. Schisandra chinensis Baillon (omija) is an herbal plant with various functional health activities. Previous VOC analyses focused on S. chinensis fruit but not its leaves. Therefore, VOCs in S. chinensis fruit and leaves were analyzed using headspace stir‐bar sorptive extraction (HS‐SBSE)‐GC–MS, and optimal conditions were established. Various factors, such as the sample preparation method, twister stir‐bar type, sample amount, extraction temperature, and extraction time, expected to affect extraction were carefully optimized. Under the optimal conditions, 35 and 40 VOCs were identified in S. chinensis fruit and leaves, respectively. This HS‐SBSE method is capable of rapid analysis and a low contamination rate without requiring organic solvents. These findings provide practical guidelines for HS‐SBSE applications in various food matrices by providing analytical methods for VOC detection.
Cognitive inflexibility is linked to abnormal frontoparietal‐related activation and connectivity in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Liu Qian , Gao Feng , Wang Xiang , Xia Jie , Yuan Gangxuan , Zheng Shuxin , Zhong Mingtian , Zhu Xiongzhao
Published: September 2023

Although it was acknowledged that patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) would exhibit cognitive inflexibility, the underlying neural mechanism has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neural substrates involved in cognitive inflexibility among individuals with OCD. A total of 42 patients with OCD and 48 healthy controls (HCs) completed clinical assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collection during cued task switching. Behavioral performances and fMRI activation were compared between the OCD group and the HC group. Psychophysiological interactions (PPIs) analyses were applied to explore functional connectivity related to task switching. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationships among behavioral performance, fMRI activity, and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms in OCD. The OCD group had a greater switch cost than HCs (χ2 = 5.89, p < .05). A significant difference in reaction time was found during switch (χ2 = 17.72, p < .001) and repeat (χ2 = 16.60, p = .018) between the two groups, while there was no significant difference in group accuracy. Comparison of group differences showed that the OCD group had increased activation in the right superior parietal cortex (rSPL) during task switching, and exhibited increased connectivity of frontoparietal network/default mode network (FPN–DMN; i.e., middle frontal gyrus [MFG]/inferior parietal cortex‐precuneus, MFG‐middle/posterior cingulate gyrus) and within the FPN (inferior parietal cortex‐postcentral gyrus). In the OCD group, the compulsion score was positively correlated with accuracy during switch (r = .405, p = .008, FDRq <.05), and negatively correlated with activation of rSPL (r = −.328, p = .034, FDRq >.05). Patients with OCD had impaired cognitive flexibility and cautious response strategy. The neural mechanism of cognitive inflexibility in OCD may involve increased activation in the rSPL, as well as hyperconnectivity within the FPN and between the FPN and DMN.
The future of corporate insolvency law: A review of technology and AI‐powered changes
Authors: Kamalnath Akshaya
Published: September 2023

The conversation about how artificial intelligence (AI) might affect various areas of law (and other areas of life) has, in recent months, centred around ChatGPT which is just one application of AI. This article takes a broader view and assesses how AI, and technology more broadly, has begun to transform, and will continue to transform corporate insolvency law. While the pandemic has increased the adoption of technology in corporate insolvency processes, there is scope for further transformation. This article aims to survey the technological changes to corporate insolvency law and practice thus far and assess, based on current advances in technology, the potential for further transformation. It advances the argument that technology can improve efficiencies both prior to and during formal insolvency resolution processes. It therefore would be in the interests of every country to facilitate the adoption of technology at various points in the insolvency process. The article takes a cross‐jurisdictional approach to identify tech advances in insolvency law across different countries based on which best practices and guidelines can be outlined.
Public or private gatekeepers in non‐consensual debt restructurings in emerging jurisdictions
Authors: Wan Wai Yee
Published: September 2023

In advanced jurisdictions, the choice of a non‐consensual debt restructuring is between a public or a private gatekeeper model where either the court or the licensed insolvency professional respectively approves a restructuring plan that binds dissenting creditors. In the United States, the only gateway is found in Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code 1978, which requires court approval and gives the debtor a significant say in the outcome. In contrast, in the United Kingdom, there exist four gateways, only two of which require court approval (scheme of arrangement and restructuring plan), while the remaining two (administration and company voluntary arrangement) give significant powers to the insolvency practitioner to decide on the outcome. In emerging jurisdictions such as Mainland China and India, due to path dependency and lack of institutional capacity, the court‐supervised model is chosen as the only or primary gateway to legitimise non‐consensual restructurings though the insolvency practitioner has an important statutory role. Using the two jurisdictions as case studies, this article argues that such a choice has several initial benefits but also leads to several problems, including delays in the restructuring, does not necessarily improve substantive outcomes and does not adequately address the shareholder–creditor and creditor–creditor agency costs. This article proposes that for debt restructuring that involves the sale of the business as a going concern, the private gatekeeper should be able to decide on the sale and the distributions following pre‐bankruptcy entitlements. Recourse to the court as a public gatekeeper should only be used for reorganisation proceedings.
Endoscopic surveillance for familial intestinal gastric cancer in low‐incidence areas: An effective strategy
Authors: Llach Joan , Salces Inmaculada , Guerra Ana , Peñas Beatriz , Rodriguez‐Alcalde Daniel , Redondo Pilar Díez , Cubiella Joaquin , Murcia Óscar , Escalante Maite , Gratacós‐Ginès Jordi , Pocurull Anna , Daca‐Alvarez Maria , Luzko Irina , Sánchez Ariadna , Herrera‐Pariente Cristina , Ocaña Teresa , Carballal Sabela , Elizalde Ignasi , Castellví‐Bel Sergi , Fernández‐Esparrach Glòria , Castells Antoni , Balaguer Francesc , Moreira Leticia
Published: September 2023

While clinical practice guidelines for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer are well established, there is no consensus on the approach for familial intestinal gastric cancer (FIGC). In low‐incidence gastric cancer (GC) areas such as the United States or most European countries, there are no evidence‐based recommendations on endoscopic assessment in FIGC families. We aim to describe the yield of GC surveillance in these families, and to identify epidemiological risk factors for the development of GC and its precursor lesions. This is a multicenter observational study involving nine tertiary Spanish hospitals, in which all individuals fulfilling FIGC criteria who underwent endoscopic surveillance were included between 1991 and 2020. Forty‐one healthy individuals of 31 families were recruited. The median number of upper gastrointestinal endoscopies per individual was 3 (interquartile range, IQR, 1‐4). The median interval time between tests was 2 years (IQR 1.5‐2.5), and the median follow‐up was 9 years (IQR 3‐14.5). In 18 (43.9%) subjects, a precursor lesion of GC was found during follow‐up, and in 2 (4.9%), an early GC was identified, in which curative treatment was offered. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection proved to be independently associated with an increased risk of developing precursor lesions or GC, adjusted by age, gender and follow‐up, with an Odds Ratio of 6.443 (1.36‐30.6, P value .019). We present the first outcomes that support endoscopic surveillance with biopsies and detection of Hp in FIGC families, although the periodicity has yet to be defined.
Oil price shocks and financial stress: Who is the influencer?
Authors: Maghyereh Aktham , Ziadat Salem Adel
Published: September 2023

We contribute to the literature by being the first to examine the direction of causality between the different sources of oil price shocks and financial stress in the global financial markets (OFR), US, other advanced economies (OAE), and emerging markets (EM). Specifically, we aim to empirically answer a key question: Do global oil market shocks drive financial stress, or does financial stress spur oil market shocks? Using a two‐stage methodology based on the structural VAR (SVAR) and entropy‐based analysis over the period January 2000–October 2022, the results show that the links between financial stress and oil shocks are contingent on the type of shock. Within this, oil supply shock is mildly connected to financial stress; oil demand shock is vulnerable to innovation from financial stress; and oil‐specific demand shock has a noticeable time‐variable element wherein the shock prevails at the beginning of the sample and financial stress dominates the transmission at the end of the sample.
Longitudinal associations between social support trajectories and quality of life mediated by depressive symptoms: A 10‐year cohort study of Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Yan , Shi Xuliang , Li Chao , Fan Fang
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Previous studies on associations between social support and quality of life (QoL) have usually employed a variable‐centered approach, without considering individual variances in time‐varying changes in social support. This study explores trajectories of social support and whether depressive symptoms mediate associations between social support trajectories and QoL 10 years after an earthquake.

Methods

Seven hundred and forty‐four Chinese adolescents exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake were surveyed on social support at 6‐, 18‐, and 24‐months and depressive symptoms at 30‐months postearthquake (T30m). They provided valid data on QoL after 10 years of the earthquake (T10y). The latent class growth analysis was used to estimate social support trajectories. Mediation analysis was then conducted to test whether depressive symptoms at T30m mediated associations between social support trajectories and QoL at T10y.

Results

Three trajectories of social support were identified: low decreasing (31.6%), moderate decreasing (55.4%), and persistent high (13.0%) groups. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the effects of social support trajectories (relative to the low support trajectory) on future QoL (95% CIs: 0.70–1.78 and 1.41–3.37 for moderate decreasing and persistent high groups, respectively).

Conclusions

Social support shows individual differences over time. Moderate and high social support trajectories improve 10‐year QoL partly by reducing depressive symptoms. Therefore, interventions aimed at enhancing social support and reducing depressive symptoms may be more effective in enhancing QoL in the aftermath of disasters.
Ant‐nest type porous scaffold with micro‐struts consisting of carbonate apatite for promoting bone formation and scaffold resorption
Authors: Tan Janice Lay Tin , Shimabukuro Masaya , Kobayashi Mamiko , Kishida Ryo , Kawashita Masakazu , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: September 2023

Scaffolds having appropriate mechanical strength and providing a proper microenvironment for osteogenesis are expected to be effective alternatives to autografts for bone regeneration. In this study, ant‐nest type porous (ANP) scaffolds consisting of CO3Ap were fabricated using calcium carbonate powder or slurry and two types of polyurethane foam through a dissolution–precipitation reaction. ANP‐type, three‐dimensional, interconnected porous CO3Ap scaffolds were fabricated by burning out the struts of polyurethane foams embedded in CaCO3, followed by compositional transformation from CaCO3 to CO3Ap. The types of polyurethane foam and impregnation methods of CaCO3 into polyurethane form affected the geometry of the resulting ANP structures. Mechanical and in vivo biological performances of these scaffolds relied on the geometry of the ANP structures. The ANP structures displayed had a clear structural advantage in bone regeneration, owing to the promotion of cell and tissue migration throughout the scaffolds. In particular, ANP‐structured scaffolds, which had highest porosity, interconnectivity, and smallest strut thickness, had a mechanical strength comparable to cancellous bone, formed more new bone, were highly resorbed, resulting in cancellous bone‐like bone tissue regeneration at 12 weeks of healing. The results suggest that bone regeneration after the migration of cell and tissue into the entire scaffolds is affected by strut thickness preferentially over porosity and interconnectivity. ANP‐structured CO3Ap scaffolds are attractive for bone regeneration.
Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in rats
Authors: Ali Mohammed Shuzan , Elbaramawy Azza , Hassan Abd‐Allah Somia , Elkholy Adel , Ibrahim Elsayed Nashwa , Hussein Samia
Published: September 2023

Interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) have strong pro‐inflammatory activities that are involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a promising treatment for IBD. This study was performed to understand the role of rat Nlrp3 inflammasome, Hmgb1, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐17a) in the pathogenesis of IBD. Also, to evaluate the role of human umbilical cord blood‐MSCs (hUCB‐MSCs) in the management of IBD. The rats were in four groups: normal controls, indomethacin‐induced IBD group, indomethacin‐induced IBD rats that received phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), and the IBD group that received hUCB‐MSCs as a treatment. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of rat Nlrp3, Hmgb1, IL‐1β, and IL‐17a were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination of the small intestinal tissues of the studied rats was performed. There was a significant upregulation of the rat Nlrp3, IL‐1β, IL‐17a mRNA expression (p < 0.001 for the three parameters), and Hmgb1 (p < 0.05) in the untreated IBD group compared to the normal control group. In the MSC‐treated group, IL‐1β, IL‐17a, and rat Nlrp3 mRNA expression significantly decreased compared to both the untreated IBD group and PBS group (p < 0.05 for all). hUCB‐MSCs ameliorated IBD in rats by downregulating the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐17a) and other inflammatory mediators such as Hmgb1 and rat Nlrp3.
Translational evaluation of on/off alternative reinforcement cycling
Authors: Smith Sean W. , Greer Brian D.
Published: September 2023

Cycling between the availability and unavailability of reinforcement for alternative responding has successfully reduced resurgence in basic laboratory evaluations, but this approach represents a marked departure from current standards of care when treating problem behavior, warranting careful translation before its use clinically. Therefore, with extinction arranged for target responding across groups in Phase 2, we evaluated the effects of cycling between the availability and unavailability of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) using a computer‐based task with adult humans recruited through Amazon MTurk. Two control groups experienced constant DRA in Phase 2, with one group experiencing a dense DRA schedule and another group experiencing a lean DRA schedule. The cycling DRA group tended to show greater reductions in target responding and improved discrimination in Phase 2 and less target responding across Phases 2 and 3 than the lean DRA and dense DRA groups. These preliminary findings suggest that on/off DRA cycling procedures may produce more desirable treatment outcomes than constant DRA without producing negative side effects; however, further research is needed to confirm these possibilities.
Biceps Pulley Lesions: Diagnostic Accuracy of Nonarthrographic Shoulder MRI and the Value of Various Diagnostic Signs
Authors: Nada Mohamad Gamal , Almalki Yassir Edrees , Basha Mohammad Abd Alkhalik , Libda Yasmin Ibrahim , Zaitoun Mohamed M. A. , M. Abdalla Ahmed A. El‐Hamid , Almolla Rania Mostafa , Hassan Hanan A. , Dawoud Tamer Mahmoud , Eissa Ahmad Hassan Zaki , Alduraibi Sharifa Khalid , Eldib Diaa Bakry , Ziada Yara Mohammed Ahmad Ali
Published: September 2023

Background

There is limited data in the literature regarding the role of nonarthrographic MRI for detecting biceps pulley (BP) lesions.

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of nonarthrographic MRI for detecting BP lesions, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of various MRI signs (superior glenohumeral ligament discontinuity/nonvisibility, long head of biceps (LHB) displacement sign or subluxation/dislocation, LHB tendinopathy, and supraspinatus and subscapularis tendon lesions) in detecting such lesions.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

84 patients (32 in BP‐lesion group and 52 in BP‐intact group‐as confirmed by arthroscopy).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5‐T, T1‐weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), T2‐weighted TSE, and proton density‐weighted TSE spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) sequences.

Assessment

Three radiologists independently reviewed all MRI data for the presence of BP lesions and various MRI signs. The MRI signs and final MRI diagnoses were tested for accuracy regarding detecting BP lesions using arthroscopy results as the reference standard. Furthermore, the inter‐reader agreement (IRA) between radiologists was determined.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐tests, Chi‐squared, and Fisher's exact tests, and 4‐fold table test were used. The IRA was calculated using Kappa statistics. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonarthrographic MRI for detecting BP lesions were 65.6%–78.1%, 90.4%–92.3%, and 81%–86.9%, respectively. The highest accuracy was noticed for the LHB displacement sign (84.5%–86.9%), and the highest sensitivity was registered for the LHB tendinopathy sign (87.5%). Furthermore, the highest specificity was observed for the LHB displacement sign and LHB subluxation/dislocation sign (98.1%–100%). The IRA regarding final MRI diagnosis and MRI signs of BP lesions was good to very good (κ = 0.76–0.98).

Data Conclusion

Nonarthrographic shoulder MRI may show good diagnostic accuracy for detecting BP lesions. The LHB displacement sign could serve as the most accurate and specific sign for diagnosis of BP lesions.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Continental‐scale trends of daily precipitation records in late 20th century decades and 21st century projections: An analysis of observations, reanalyses and CORDEX‐CORE projections
Authors: Belleri Lara , Ciarlo James M. , Maugeri Maurizio , Ranzi Roberto , Giorgi Filippo
Published: September 2023

We apply a methodology to identify and count records (events of unprecedented intensity) in daily precipitation time series to two sets of data: (1) different observational and reanalysis products for recent decades and (2) twenty‐first century projections (RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 scenarios) completed with two regional climate models driven by three global climate models over nine continental‐scale domains. Comparison of the detected (or actual) number of records with the corresponding number theoretically expected in stationary climate conditions (or “reference” number of records) provides indications of trends in daily precipitation extremes, as expected in a changing climate. In particular, we measure deviations from stationary conditions using the ratio of actual to reference records (RAtR) as a basic metric. We find that the observational products provide mixed indications of precipitation record trends across regions, while in the reanalysis products and the model simulations for the historical period the RAtR value shows a prevailing increasing trend with time over most continents. The RAtR shows a consistent and pronounced increase in all RCP8.5 continental‐scale projections, when sustained warming occurs throughout the 21st century, while smaller to no significant trends are found in the RCP2.6 scenario, when the warming stabilizes after about mid‐21st century. These results are indicative of an increase in precipitation extremes with global warming as measured by the higher number of local precipitation events of unprecedented intensity compared to what expected in stationary climate conditions, although a marked variability of this response is found across different regions. Our method can have useful applications in detection and attribution of hydroclimatic extremes and in impact and vulnerability assessment studies.