bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caterpillar chronicles: adventuring through Moynihan’s legacy in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kulkarni Srikanth , Kumar Sunitha Raghu , Pawar Gopalkrishna Satish
Published: February 2025

Before the introduction of minimally invasive surgery, there was a heightened focus on studying anatomical variants and their frequency due to the increased risk of biliary tract injury and hemorrhagic and ischemic arterial injury. This was done through the "Culture for safe cholecystectomy (CSC)" proposed by Strasberg, which underscored the significance of standardizing these variants using the classifications of Blumgart and Michael. These classifications centered on the insertion site of the biliary duct and cystic artery (CA), respectively. A tortuous pattern of the right hepatic artery (RHA) resembling a caterpillar or a hump (caterpillar hump or Moynihan's hump) that runs proximal or parallel to the cystic duct and gallbladder is often associated with the presence of a short CA, posing a high risk of vascular injury. The tortuous RHA can form a single or double loop and pass posteriorly or anteriorly to the common hepatic duct, with the posterior presentation being the most common. This represents one of the most serious lesions described, despite its low frequency, with an incidence reported to be between 1.3% and 13.3%. We present a case of a 33 years old woman with acute cholecystitis and a Moynihan’s hump or caterpillar configuration of the RHA, which was identified during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A rare complication of tuberculosis: chronic empyema thoracis with bronchopleural fistula - a case report
Authors: Masood Shaik Ontela , Supriya Guntennagari , Aswini Ubbara , Soheb Shaik Muhammad , Reddy Vemareddy Ahindra , Rafi Minnalagaari Muhammad , Gurukul Tharun Vinay
Published: February 2025

Bronchopleural fistula associated with chronic empyema thoracis is an uncommon and potentially fatal tuberculosis (TB) complication. Bronchopleural fistula remains one of the most serious life-threatening complications but is fortunately rare. We report a case of a 24-year-old male who presented with cough with expectoration, breathing difficulty, pain at right side of chest. Lab investigations and intraoperative findings revealed thickened pleura with calcifications, caseating material, adhesions and fluid build-up with a bronchopleural fistula. The patient underwent surgical decortication of right lung and fistula closure, followed by antitubercular therapy. This case emphasizes how critical it is to identify and treat this uncommon issue as soon as possible. It also underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of such complex cases. Early treatment is key to reducing the risk of death and other complications.
Rare case of circumaortic left renal vein with fenestration and nutcracker phenomenon
Authors: Jihaad Fathmath Shajaa , Ali Thalha , Maaha Fathimath , Karpovich Yulia , Bogdanovich Vladimir
Published: February 2025

Circumaortic left renal vein (CLRV) is a rare venous anomaly. It is usually clinically silent until discovered accidentally during an operation, imaging or an autopsy. Vascular fenestrations are most commonly seen in the arterial system or cerebral vessels and rarely in the venous system. Nutcracker phenomenon is usually associated with CLRV anomaly. We have described a case of a 31-year- old female who presented to the Department of Nephrology with CLRV, along with retro aortic renal vein fenestration and anterior nutcracker phenomenon. Since this variation is rarely diagnosed, it is important to have knowledge about such anomalies to rule it out as a differential diagnosis of haematuria. This information will also prevent iatrogenic injuries during surgical procedures.
Socio-demographic factors influencing to glaucoma related blindness among patients attending eye clinic at Kenneth Matiba Eye and Dental Hospital, Murang'a County, Kenya
Authors: Ndung’u Violet Wanjiru , Maritim Violet , Kariuki John
Published: February 2025

Background: Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, affects 76 million people worldwide, projected to reach 111.8 million by 2040. It causes 15% of global blindness, with 600,000 people losing sight annually. Risk factors include age, gender, education, income, and family history. In Kenya, glaucoma affects 4.3% of the population, accounting for 23% of blindness, with low surgical feasibility despite increasing healthcare access.
Methods: This study used an analytical cross-sectional design, combining quantitative (interviewer-administered questionnaires) and qualitative (Key Informant Interviews) methods to collect data from 187 glaucoma patients at Kenneth Matiba Eye and Dental Hospital between July and September 2024. Ethical approval was obtained, and systematic random sampling was used. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS v29, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Reliability testing showed a Cronbach Alpha of 0.810. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: At least 120 (64.2%) of respondents had visual impairment related to glaucoma of which 46 (38.3%), 34 (28.3%) and 17 (14.2%) had moderate impairment, mild impairment and complete blindness. Age between 30-39 years (OR: 7.958, p=0.032), unemployment (p=0.027), and lack of health insurance (OR: 5.525, p=0.014), income levels of <Ksh 10,000 (OR: 12.708, p=0.028), and family history of glaucoma (OR: 5.919, p=0.012) were factors associated with glaucoma blindness.
Conclusions: The study highlighted the link between visual impairment and social determinants, showing healthcare disparities tied to income, insurance, geography, and family history. It emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach to prevention and treatment.
Positive deviance approach in improving child health outcomes: assessment of child feeding practices in Marsabit County, Kenya
Authors: Chepkorir Rose , Onyango Agatha Christine , Masinde David , Musita Caroline Patricia
Published: February 2025

Background: Child feeding practice is considered one of the determinants of malnutrition in under-fives. In Kenya, inadequate infant and young child feeding practices contribute to high rates of malnutrition. In Marsabit County, undernutrition prevalence varies in different sub-counties. There are areas where malnutrition is very high whereas other areas are relatively low. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge of child-feeding practices and to determine the deviant child-feeding practices among mothers of children aged 6-24 months.
Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Three-stage sampling technique was used to randomly select 278 eligible households with children aged 6-24 months for participatory assessment of child feeding practices. A questionnaire was used for quantitative data and Focus Group Discussion and guides for qualitative data. Univariate analysis was used to obtain the frequency distribution of maternal knowledge and deviant practices.
Results: The study found that maternal knowledge has a significant effect on child-feeding practices in Marsabit County, Kenya. Mothers have a good understanding of the changing food systems. Due to the scarcity of cow’s milk, brought about by drought, unavailability in the market, and increasing food prices, other affordable substitutes are being given like, porridge, fruits, soup (meat), and eggs.
Conclusions: The study concludes that maternal knowledge has a significant effect on child-feeding practices in Marsabit County, Kenya. The study concludes that deviant child-feeding practices have a significant effect on child-feeding practices in Marsabit County, Kenya.
The role of cancer antigen 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen in assessing treatment response in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Phyo Hsu Wint , Maw Myo Myint , Thynn Zun , Mya Kyaw Swa
Published: February 2025

Background: In breast cancer, the most widely used tumor markers are cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These markers are primarily used for surveillance purposes and monitoring of treatment responses in clinical practice. This study aims to examine the role of CA 15-3 and CEA in assessing treatment response in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
Methods: This study was investigated 45 MBC patients who met the eligibility criteria. We evaluated the levels of CA 15-3 and CEA before chemotherapy, after 3 months, and after 6 months. The response to therapy was assessed by imaging.
Results: There were statistically significant differences between changes in CA 15-3 and CEA after 6 months of chemotherapy and treatment response as assessed by imaging (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). The CA 15-3 level of good responders at 6 months after chemotherapy decreased by 32.3% from the baseline level, while that of poor responders increased by 141.6% from the baseline level, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The CEA level of good responders at 6 months after chemotherapy decreased by 0.03% from the baseline level, while that of poor responders increased by 182.38% from the baseline level, which was statistically significant (p=0.012).
Conclusions: Our results showed a clear correlation between tumor markers and treatment response as assessed by radiological methods. The use of tumor markers for assessing treatment response has several advantages, including availability, cost savings, and no radiation exposure. Tumor markers can potentially reduce the need for frequent radiological assessments.
The influence of knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS on adolescent sexual behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jayapura, Papua
Authors: Simanungkalit Bona , Maria Dely , Sinaga Carmen
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Indonesia reached more than 500,000 cases. Cases of 36,997 in Papua province, is in the top three. This condition is especially in teenagers, it has an impact on the quality of future human resources. Free sex behavior causes extramarital relationships in teenagers so the transmission of this is faster. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of teenagers knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS on teenagers sexual behavior.
Methods: The design that used cross sectional. The population is all students of SMAN 4 Jayapura-Papua. The sampling method is purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria: Students of SMAN 4 Jayapura-Papua, Willing to be respondents by filling in and agreeing and signing the informed consent. Exclusion criteria: not willing to be respondents. Data collection was conducted for 2 months (June - July). Early research was conducted at SMAN 4 Jayapura, and before the research was conducted, validity and reliability tests were conducted on 20 respondents. Statistical tool (software) used to analyse the data with SPSS. Multivariate and logistic regression analyzed, statistical tests using ANOVA with a significance level of p <0.05.
Results: From 539, 58.6% of female respondents, 50.1% protestant, 43% father's job is self- employed, 54.2% mother is unemployed, father and mother's education are above high school, good communication in family, 78.7% less than 3 siblings, 64.6% source of information from the media, knowledge about HIV/AIDS is deficient (59.9%), attitude is deficient (58.6%) and sexual behavior of teenagers is 97% deficient. Relationship between knowledge and behavior p=0.964, Odds Ratio (OR)=1.169. Multivariate modeling of the influence of knowledge and attitude on sexual behavior OR=0.773 and 0.518.
Conclusions: The influence of knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS on teenagers sexual behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic, was not significant and knowledge dominantly influence on sexual behavior.
Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening uptake among women aged 25-49: insights from a cross-sectional study in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Gachumi Joyce W. , Gitonga Moses , Cheriro Betsy Rono
Published: February 2025

Background: Cervical cancer ranks fourth in terms of incidence and mortality among women, despite being a highly preventable disease. To prevent cervical cancer, screening is essential. This study aimed to determine the barriers and Facilitators to cervical cancer screening among women aged 25-49 in Kiambu Town, Kiambu County, Kenya.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, where qualitative and quantitative data were obtained for triangulation purposes. Participants in the study were chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique. Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening were assessed using binary logistic regression and chi-square analysis. For quantitative data analysis, SPSS version 29 was utilized, and p≤0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. Thematic analysis was used to examine the qualitative data.
Results: In this study, the uptake of cervical cancer screening was 40.2%. Shorter travel times of 1-30 minutes to the nearest hospital (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 0.130-0.753, p=0.01) and shorter waiting times of 1-30 minutes (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 0.253-1.365, p=0.04), were found to be facilitators to cervical cancer screening which increased the odds. Conversely, poor patient-friendly services (OR=7.8, 95% CI: 0.002-1.241, p=0.009) reduced the odds of cervical cancer screening.
Conclusions: This study showed suboptimal uptake of cervical cancer screening among Kiambu women. Multipronged approaches are needed to address barriers such as long travel and waiting times which could enhance cervical cancer screening uptake. These insights are critical for reducing the cervical cancer burden among women in Kenya.
Baby led weaning versus traditional weaning: a comparative study to assess its impact on eating habits among infants and children
Authors: Hanitha R. , Palani Rekha , Deva Suriya
Published: February 2025

Background: UNICEF article on early childhood development suggests, major physical and social-emotional development happens in age group of 6 months to 3 years. This study was done to compare the impact of traditional weaning and baby led weaning on the overall well-being and social-emotional development of toddlers.
Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Paediatric OP unit of tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu for a period of 1 year. Parents of toddler aged 6 months to 2 years were selected randomly using simple random sampling method.
Results: The mean weight of the participants was 11.6±2.6 kg and the mean height was 83.2±9.2 cm. 48% of mothers who followed traditional method and 56% of the mothers who followed baby led weaning were not satisfied with child growth.
Conclusions: Timely introduction of appropriate feeding practice is essential in reducing the growing under 5 mortality rate.
Occupation related health problems among women cashew industry workers in Kollam district, Kerala: a cross sectional study
Authors: Wilson Grace
Published: February 2025

Background: Majority of the workers in cashew industry are women who belong to economically disadvantaged strata of the society. Work related musculoskeletal disorder is one of the major occupational health problems in industrialized countries. The objective of study was to find out the occupation related health problems among women workers of cashew industries in Kollam district, Kerala.
Methods: This is a cross sectional community-based study conducted among 350 women cashew workers of Kollam district of age above 45 years using quantitative method. Simple random sampling method was used to collect the sample. The data was collected from all the respondents using pretested interview schedule in local language Malayalam. Details of basic socio demographics, occupation related health problems were collected.
Results: Around 72% of the workers are doing cashew shelling,19% of the workers are in grading section and the remaining 9% of them are doing peeling job. Majority of the women (73%) performed their job by sitting on the floor. Around 342 (97.7%) workers have reported at least one health problems in the last one year. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (89.7%) were the predominant work-related health problem of the women cashew workers. Among MSDs, the most affected region is lower back (37.6%) and the least affected one is elbow (4.5%).
Conclusions: There is an urgent need to introduce participatory ergonomic interventions among the women workers with more comfortable working positions and healthy work stations.
Thalassemia-an untoward situation among the pregnant women in North Bengal district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Biswas Dilip K. , Sau Arkaprabhu , Deb Lily M. , Mandal Onkarnath , Chakraborty Bidhan
Published: February 2025

Background: Thalassemia, an inherited hemoglobin disorder, affects approximately 7% of the global population. In India, thalassemia prevalence ranges from 3-4%, with significant variation among different communities and regions. This study aims to document the prevalence of thalassemia carriers among pregnant women in the Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to November 2023. Pregnant women were screened for thalassemia at Block Primary Health Centers, and samples were analyzed at the Thalassemia Control Unit in Balurghat district hospital using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results were recorded in Thalamon software and analyzed for carrier rates and demographic correlations.
Results: Out of 12,767 pregnant women tested, 29.6% (3,790) were identified as thalassemia carriers. The highest carrier rate was in Kushm and block (45.3%), while the lowest was in Banshihari block (22.9%). Hemoglobin E(Hb-E) carriers constituted 66% of carriers, followed by hemoglobin E disease (21%) and beta thalassemia carriers (9.6%). Significant correlations were found between carrier status and caste, with beta thalassemia being more prevalent among the Scheduled Tribes.
Conclusions: The study highlights a high prevalence of thalassemia carriers among pregnant women in Dakshin Dinajpur, particularly Hb-E carriers. Genetic counselling and early screening are crucial to managing and reducing the transmission of thalassemia traits. The findings underscore the need for increased awareness and preventive measures, especially in high-risk communities. Further studies are recommended to develop strategies for reducing maternal complications and preventing carrier transmission.
Sociodemographic profile of referred obstetric women
Authors: Monika  , Jain Aditi , Verma Krupa , Hooja Nupur , Yadav Shivangi , Bhagat Saumya
Published: February 2025

Background: Emergency obstetric care is an indicator of the health care services. Referral services play an important role in health management. Socio-demographic profile of the patients affect their health seeking behaviour.
Methods: 220 referred women admitted in the hospital with more than 20 weeks pregnancy were evaluated. Socio-demographic details were noted and analysed.
Results: There was a high percentage of referred women in >30 years. 74.09% had primary education or less, most belonged to the lower middle class or less and 64.55 % of women were from urban and urban slum area.
Conclusions: The low educational level of women and poor socio-economic status play a key role in delay in the utilization of maternal health services. These women sought medical advice only when emergency arose and a high percentage of them had to be referred to higher centre. Focus on these women would improve their health seeking behaviour.
Nikshay Poshan Yojana utilization among tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi
Authors: Bakhru Dhanshree , Acharya Anita Shankar , Talukdar Tanmaya , Subham
Published: February 2025

Background: Tuberculosis is causing significant mortality Globally and in India. Treating malnutrition and alleviation of poverty are only effective ways to reduce the number of deaths due to tuberculosis. Nikshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) was launched in India in 2018 to provide nutritional support for patients with TB. This study assessed the utilisation of Nikshay Poshan Yojana among TB patients.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in a DOTS centre attached to a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Patients with drug-sensitive TB in the continuation phase were enrolled in the study. A self-designed pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the coverage of the scheme, the knowledge and attitude of patients towards the scheme, and the barriers to utilisation of the incentive received. Data was analysed in proportions, mean and median wherever applicable.
Results: A total of 42 participants were enrolled in the study. Over half (59.5%) of patients had extrapulmonary TB, while 17 (40.5%) had pulmonary TB. Almost all patients (92.9%) were enrolled in the scheme (NPY). The first instalment was received by 35 (95%) patients as per the Nikshay portal and by 19 (47.5%) as per patients’ interviews. The median (IQR) time to receipt of the first instalment to the patient’s bank account from the date of treatment initiation as per the Nikshay portal was 4.1 (2-5.8) months. All patients were aware of the procedure of enrolment. Barriers to utilisation of NPY by TB patients were unawareness regarding the purpose of the scheme, unawareness about the receipt of instalments, lack of need to receive monetary support (35.7%) and bank account-related issues (7.1%).
Conclusions: Coverage for Nikshay Poshan was high but there was a disparity between the patient's interview and Nikshay portal data at some points. Awareness of the purpose of the scheme was low and needed intervention. Communication between DOTS provider and patient needs to increase.
A study to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitudes and impacts regarding energy shot among adolescents at P. P. Savani Chaitanya Vidya Sankul, Surat
Authors: Alias Rathinam Vadivazhagan , Chaudhary Parimal , Rawal Milan , Abdullahi Muhammad Mahmud , Modu Wakil , Patel Ekangi , Patel Dhruvi , Parmar Mona , Verma Hemanti
Published: February 2025

Background: Energy shots can be described as beverages that contain large quantity of caffeine and other legal stimulants used to boost a person’s physical and cognitive activities beyond the normal range. The main aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme given to adolescents of P. P. Savani Chaitanya Vidya Sankul, in regards to their knowledge and attitudes towards energy shot, and its impacts to them.
Methods: In this study, a quasi-experimental research design was adopted with 60 samples used. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were analysed and interpreted using descriptive and Inferential statistics.
Results: The present study has justified the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme, where it showed the post-test knowledge mean score 16.8167 higher than the pre-test knowledge mean score 9.5833 with mean difference score of 7.2333. Again, the post-test attitude mean score 33.4833 was higher than the pre-test attitude mean score 32.9500, with a mean difference score 0.5333.
Conclusions: The study was concluded with accepting the alternative hypothesis that emphasised the presence of significant difference between pre-test and post-test assessment. Hence, proving the structured teaching programme to be effective in increasing knowledge and positively modifying attitude among the samples.
Footprints to findings: insight into causality of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a closed community
Authors: Kaur Barinderjot , Tawar Shabaana , Ahmed Shafique
Published: February 2025

cases of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) within an urban community located in western Maharashtra. This investigation sought to identify the origin and causal agents of the outbreak, as well as to establish and implement measures to control its spread.
Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted by taking 30 cases and 78 controls from that semi-urban residential area.  Blood and stool culture samples of patients reporting to a primary health care facility were obtained using conventional culture techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits. Epidemiological investigations comprised a review of surveillance data, filling of epidemiological case sheets, sanitary surveys, inspection of water supply and bacteriological surveillance of water and environmental engineering surveys.
Results: The crude attack rate was reported to be 7%. Laboratory tests revealed multiple pathogens, including Pseudomonas, diarrheagenic E. coli, and Shigella. Environmental assessments highlighted issues such as rusted and leaky water pipes, sewage pipeline problems and insufficient chlorination of the water supply.
Conclusions: A widespread outbreak of waterborne gastroenteritis occurred in this region due to contamination of drinking water. The contamination was caused by an improper connection between the sewage system and potable water pipelines. Recommended actions included repair of cross connections, improved treatment methods, adequate chlorination, regular inspections of the water supply and health education which significantly reduced the impact of outbreak.
Assessment of mental health status among kalitheerthalkuppam farmers Puducherry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ponkash P. , Savitha G. , Sruthi E. Shree , Silvester S. Andrew John
Published: February 2025

Background: Every year, more than 450 million people develop a mental disorder globally. About 75% of people affected by mental disorders live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICS), and most have no access to appropriate treatment. This study intends to examine how occupational characteristics like time of work, working hours per day impact the mental health of farmers. The aim is to gather data that illuminates the relationship between mental health and occupational characteristic of farmers.
Methods: It is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted among 152 farmers in a selected village at Puducherry. The validated self-structured questionnaires consisting of sociodemographic profile, anthropometric measurement, occupational characteristics assessing questionnaire and Depression Anxiety and Stress scale-21[DASS-21] were used to collect data. Simple random sampling technique was used for selection of participants. Statistical analysis, IBM SPSS statistics version 25 has been used.
Results: In this study we found that, majority were normal weight (n=112, f=73.7%). Mean score of depression M=10, SD=6.12, for anxiety M=10.3, SD=6.32 and stress M=11.40, SD=5.44. Most of the farmers reported heavy workload (n=137, f= 90.1%) and among them (n=85, f =55.92) farmers reported working more than 6 hours a day. There is a significant association between Occupational characteristics and mental health of farmers.
Conclusions: Farmers have higher mental health issues. Heavy workload and more working hours per day are independently associated with more mental health problems. Our findings highlight the importance of including mental health within occupational programmes.
Effect of task-oriented counselling on knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive practices among postnatal women
Authors: Sonkusare Shipra S. , Agarwal Saumya
Published: February 2025

Background: Family planning and contraception play an important role in limiting overgrowing population and improving the maternal and child health. This study aimed to evaluates the knowledge and attitude towards contraception among postpartum women and the effect of task-oriented counselling on the same.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of the teaching hospital of southern coastal India. Five hundred and twenty-one postnatal women aged between 18-45 years were included in this study. Along with the sociodemographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge, and attitude towards contraception were evaluated before and after counselling with the help of validated questionnaire.
Results: It was observed that out of 521 women, 385 (74%) followed Hindu religion, 495 (95%) were literate, 380 (73%) were homemakers, and 318 (61%) were above the poverty line. Of all, 406 (78%) of women knew contraceptive methods, which rose to 485 (93%) after counselling, and it was mainly obtained from doctors in 198 (38%) women, from books in 141 (27%), and from other health care providers in 104 (20%) women. The need for contraception was recognised by 500 (96%) of the women after counselling.
Conclusions: Task oriented counselling can improve knowledge as well as attitude regarding contraception among the postnatal women.
Assessment of palliative care needs among elderly population in a slum of Kolkata: a qualitative study
Authors: Pramanik Soumen , Pal Jayita , Sadhukhan Sanjoy K. , Krishna Nandu , Ghosh Koustab , Mandal Mainak
Published: February 2025

Background: Palliative care improves the quality of life for patients and families facing life-threatening illnesses. With the growing burden of non-communicable diseases and an aging population, the global demand for palliative care is rising. This study was conducted to identify individuals needing palliative care and explore their needs and unmet needs among the urban elderly in Kolkata.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 among elderly residents (60 years and above) in selected slums of ‘Khalpar-basti’, Rajdanga, Kasba, South Kolkata, West Bengal. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were held on different dates: two with elderly patients (one with males and one with females) and two with informal caregivers of elderly patients (one with males and one with females) using an FGD guide until data saturation was reached. Data was transcribed, coded, and analysed using a thematic map.
Results: The current study identified themes from FGDs with elderly females, including unmet physical, psychological, communication, spiritual, and existential needs, along with gaps in care and support. Similarly, FGDs with elderly males highlighted unmet physical, informational, psychological, spiritual, social, emotional, and practical needs, as well as care gaps. FGDs among caregivers revealed unmet communication, psychosocial, and practical needs among the elderly.
Conclusions: This holistic approach encompassing physical, psychological, social, emotional, practical, and informational domains of palliative care is essential for improving the quality of life in the geriatric population.
Laser therapy for stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alkhamis Fatimah Hussain
Published: February 2025

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition among women, significantly impacting their quality of life. Laser therapy has emerged as a non-invasive treatment option, but its efficacy remains uncertain due to limited evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy in improving SUI symptoms, measured by changes in international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-urinary incontinence short form (ICIQ-UI SF) scores. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, yielding 532 records. Six studies, including three randomized controlled trials and three prospective studies, met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized using a random-effects model. The meta-analysis included 507 women with SUI. Pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in ICIQ-UI SF scores following laser therapy, with a mean difference of -2.15 (95% CI: -4.26 to -0.05, p=0.05). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I²=85%, p<0.00001). Studies with longer follow-up periods, such as Okui, 2019 (mean difference: -4.66, 95% CI: -6.89 to -2.43), demonstrated greater improvements. Funnel plot analysis suggested no significant publication bias. Laser therapy significantly improves SUI symptoms, as evidenced by reductions in ICIQ-UI SF scores. However, variability in treatment protocols and study designs underscores the need for standardized approaches and further research to confirm long-term efficacy.
Impact of nutritional quality on mental well-being in obese female: a systematic review
Authors: Ramchandani Dina
Published: February 2025

This systematic literature review explores the bearing of nutrition quality on the overall mental well-being of obese female aged 15-29 years. Thus, the increasing ubiquity of obesity and its related mental health challenges, this study examines the connection between dietary habits and mental health outcomes. This systematic literature review, inclusion criteria include Overweight/obese female youth aged 15-29 years with no prior diagnosed mental health conditions and exclusion criteria includes Participants with chronic physical illnesses, current medication for mental health (MH), or those following specialized diets. The finding suggest that females aged 15-29, particularly in low- to middle-income regions, show poor nutritional habits similar to those in industrialized nations, with a high intake of processed foods, and sugary beverages, and fast food. These dietary choices, coupled with a notable deficiency in essential nutrients (e.g., 78.8% in vitamin D, 34.4% in vitamin B12), contribute to increased obesity rates and related health risks. Obesity in these females is also linked to a greater incidence of MH issues, with obese women being 16% to 50% more likely to experience depression, reinforcing the cycle of poor nutrition, obesity, and MH disorders. So, the study concludes that improving nutritional quality may be a crucial intervention for enhancing mental health among obese females, underscoring the importance of integrated approaches to address both physical along with mental health in this population.
Nutrition garden model (Poshan Vatika): pathway for nutrition security
Authors: Rawat Shivani , Mishra Sananda , Shit Pathik
Published: February 2025

This study examines the role of nutri-gardens in enhancing dietary diversity and food security to combat malnutrition in Jharkhand, one of India's most undernourished states. Malnutrition, characterized by stunting, wasting, and anemia, especially affects women and children. Nutri-gardens, small household plots promoting the cultivation of nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, have shown promise in improving nutrition and empowering women, as seen in initiatives like the "Didi Bari" program. Despite challenges such as limited land and water, nutri-gardens have improved food security, nutritional diversity, and household income. The study highlights the need for a multisectoral approach, government support, community education, and behavior change communication to ensure the sustainability and scalability of nutri-garden programs. The research reveals that with adequate technical support and awareness, nutri-gardens can be a sustainable solution to enhance nutritional security in Jharkhand’s marginalized communities. The study concludes that nutri-gardens not only improve household nutrition but also serve as an income source, particularly benefiting vulnerable groups like children, pregnant, and nursing women. However, to address malnutrition effectively, substantial government support and education programs are necessary to foster changes in food systems and improve the impact of nutri-garden initiatives.
Impact of COVID-19 infection in the occurrence of avascular necrosis of head of femur: a case series in a tertiary care hospital in Central Gujarat
Authors: Memon Fatimakhatun Z. , Dumra Gurusharan , Joshi Dhruvi , Mehta Vivek Vishalbhai , Shah Nisarg
Published: February 2025

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a degenerative bone condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to reduced blood supply. Recent studies suggest an increased incidence of AVN in post-COVID-19. This may be linked to the virus-induced hypercoagulable state and corticosteroid treatment. However, there is a dearth of evidence to substantiate this association. Therefore, this case series aims to elucidate the potential relationship between COVID-19 infection and AVN. This case series included 11 male patients (ages 25-49) diagnosed with AVN following COVID-19 infection between January 2022 and August 2023. The results indicated a higher incidence of AVN in younger males (mean age: 35 years, range: 25-49), highlighting potential age- and gender-related risks of AVN among the post-COVID-19. Despite excluding patients with pre-COVID steroid use, AVN occurred in those with steroid exposure during COVID-19 treatment and even in home-isolated cases without steroid use. Additionally, the study reported a higher side of the normal range of D-dimer and CRP levels, suggesting hypercoagulability and inflammation may have accelerated AVN progression, with concurrent alcohol and tobacco use potentially increasing risk.
Management of avulsed tooth having extra oral dry time more than 48 hours: a case report
Authors: Tomar Sachin , Thakur Seema
Published: February 2025

Tooth avulsion is one of the most common type of dental traumatic injuries which is one of main reason of loss of teeth. Loss of tooth causes aesthetic and functional problems in which the patient is not only affected physically, but socially or psychologically also. If extra oral dry time exceed 60 minutes’ prognosis of treatment, then prognosis of replantation becomes very poor. In this case report, we discussed about delayed replantation of avulsed tooth. After the clinical examination, extra oral root canal treatment was done and tooth is placed in sodium fluoride solution for 20 minutes and then dexamethasone immediately before procedure then platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) is placed in socket and tooth is replanted into the socket and flexible splint is placed from canine to canine for 4 weeks. The patient was re-evaluated in the subsequent follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with favourable soft tissue healing and good aesthetics. This case report includes proper history taking, diagnosis, and treatment of avulsion by delayed replantation in order to maintain the tooth in arch and preserve the alveolar bone.
Two hearts, one rhythm: monochorionic diamniotic twins
Authors: Kumari Nisha
Published: February 2025

Monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins are a unique type of twin pregnancy because they have separate amniotic sacs but share a single placenta. Typically, this occurs when a single zygote (blastocyst) separates at approximately 4–8 days after development, the result is an MCDA pregnancy. These foetuses have two yolk sacs, two amniotic sacs, and one chorionic sac in common. A trophoblast has already developed at this point, producing a single placenta. The twins are referred to as "identical" by laypeople. In actuality, they share the same gender and are phenotypically similar. It mostly accounts for about 20–30% of twin pregnancies. There are benefits and drawbacks related to MCDA twins.
Remote temperature monitoring system for strengthening cold chain management: Belize experience
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Beer Natalia Largaespada , Baitwabusa Angella Edith , Can Edgar , Middleton Lilian , Cabral Greg Mitchell
Published: February 2025

The ability to monitor vaccines for optimal temperatures throughout the supply chain is a cornerstone of successful immunization programmes. This study aimed to describe the process of deployment of remote temperature monitoring devices to strengthen cold chain system in Belize and assess the effectiveness of the use of the technology. An exploratory study and used mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative data was extracted from the project reports and Key Informant interviews (KII). The quantitative method used retrospective review of records of temperature alarms between November 2023 and October 2024. The result is organized into two parts (A) The description of the process for the deployment of the RTM system (B) Program results. Eighteen alarms were reported in 8 months from four of the eight devices (installed at the national and subnational level) which ranged from one alarm per month to 6 alarms per month with average of 2.6 alarms per month. The duration of each alarm was from 0.6 hour to 31.3 hours with average of 9.6 hours and 75% of the alerts resolved within 24 hours. The result of the KII is organized into two themes. The first theme was related to the perception and experience of health workers on the use of the devices in improving temperature monitoring and the second theme was related to the health system support in ensuring timely response to temperature excursions. The study contributes to existing knowledge on the use of remote temperature monitoring system to improve cold chain management.
Iatrogenic mistakes in dentistry, when to disclose: a literature review
Authors: Ahmed Murtada A. , Alotaibi Rajawi M. , Alqubali Hanan F. , Almutiry Huda B. , Barnawi Shuruq S. , Hawsawi Manal A. , Basakran Bashayer A. , Alsaleem Afnan I.
Published: February 2025

Iatrogenic harm (injury from treatment) is a preventable healthcare issue. In dentistry, it arises from procedural mistakes, inexperience or communication failures, causing complications like faulty restorations or nerve damage. The oral environment and complex treatments increase risk. While not always malpractice, ethical and legal disclosure is crucial. Timely, transparent communication builds trust and reduces liability. Despite guidelines, disclosure barriers remain, necessitating further exploration of effective strategies. This literature review synthesizes studies on iatrogenic dental mistakes and their disclosure. A comprehensive search strategy was employed, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published from 1990 to 2024. Included studies focus on iatrogenic dental mistakes/adverse events and the ethical, legal and practical aspects of their disclosure, including recommendations and patient/practitioner perspectives. Iatrogenic mistakes in dentistry stem from inadequate anatomical knowledge, improper clinical techniques and systemic issues such as poor communication and insufficient training. Common complications include nerve damage, periodontal injury, root resorption and prosthodontic errors. Strict adherence to protocols, enhanced training and risk management are crucial for reducing errors. Error disclosure is influenced by ethical obligations, legal concerns and institutional culture. While transparency fosters trust, fear of litigation remains a major barrier. Effective disclosure requires structured frameworks, improved communication and institutional support to enhance patient-provider relationships and ensure accountability. Iatrogenic mistakes challenge all dental specialties, demanding effective prevention and disclosure strategies. Minimizing harm requires improved training, standardized protocols and supportive cultures. Crucially, overcoming disclosure barriers, like fear of litigation, necessitates clear communication, ethical emphasis and patient trust to foster transparency and improve patient safety.
Punctuation usage in Polish messages sent by postcards in the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Dzienisiewicz Daniel
Published: February 2025

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie praktyki interpunkcyjnej charakterystycznej dla wiadomości przesyłanych na kartach pocztowych w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Analizie poddano niemal osiemset błędów przestankowych. Na podstawie porównania materiału badawczego z zasadami polskiej interpunkcji ukazane zostały przykłady błędów w zapisie przecinka, kropki, znaku zapytania, dwukropka i myślnika, jak również omówiono tendencję do traktowania końca wersu jako swoistego znaku interpunkcyjnego. W odróżnieniu od większości dotychczasowych opracowań poświęconych błędom przestankowym występującym w tekstach pisanych pod koniec XX i na początku XXI wieku, rezultaty przeprowadzonego badania ukazują, jakie konteksty sprawiały Polakom najwięcej trudności w zakresie stosowania interpunkcji w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Walorem wykorzystania kart pocztowych w charakterze materiału badawczego jest fakt, iż pocztówki stanowiły w omawianym okresie przede wszystkim środek komunikacji prywatnej, w której silniej – w porównaniu z kontaktem oficjalnym – uwidaczniają się naturalne tendencje użytkowników języka w sferze interpunkcji, gdyż cechuje się ona mniejszą dbałością o formę wypowiedzi.
Complimenting in women’s groups on Facebook as an adversarial communication strategy against social consent to hate?
Authors: Kiełbiewska Anna M.
Published: February 2025

W artykule przyjrzę się sposobom realizacji behawitywnych aktów mowy, jakimi są komplementy, prawione kobietom przez kobiety, na wybranych grupach przeznaczonych dla kobiet na portalu Facebook. Wydaje się, że od pewnego czasu tendencja wzajemnego komplementowania się narasta, być może jako chęć przeciwdziałania hejtowi w sieci, a może jako próba wprowadzenia aprecjacyjnych form komentowania rzeczywistości w miejsce nastawienia negatywnego i nadmiernie krytycznego. Z wykorzystaniem tradycyjnych metod, analizy retorycznej i teorii aktów mowy przeanalizuję zebrany materiał badawczy pod względem konstrukcji komplementów, zamierzonej intencji i sposobów reagowania na nie.
Representations of power in the Polish press discourse (1944-1991). A social semiotic analysis
Authors: Łazuka-Banach Anna
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to analyse and interpret the ways in which the au-thorities were represented on the front pages of three Polish dailies published between 1944 and 1991. The author examines the kinds of semiotic re-sources used in the representations in question. The paper also discusses the meaning potential of the identified resources alongside the possible effects such representations might have had, as well as the relationship between them and the ongoing political situation. The time period this paper takes in-terest in is that from 1944 to 1991, which marks a number of defining mo-ments in Polish history, as well as the period of communism and the break-through period of political transformation. The three daily newspapers which served as research data are Trybuna Ludu [People’s Tribune], published from 1948 to 1990, the official voice of the communist authorities, Trybuna [Tribune], created in place of Trybuna Ludu in 1990 as its ideological and institutional successor, and Gazeta Wyborcza [Electoral Newspaper], found-ed in 1989 to disseminate the views of the opposition. The analysis involved examining the images primarily in terms of representational and interactive meaning, as well as some aspects of compositional meaning as described by Kress and Van Leeuwen in their grammar of visual design. The findings suggest changes in the types of depictions, involving for example, reducing distance, changed modality and a greater social relationship established symbolically between the represented – those in power, and the viewer.