bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein (a) as a risk factor of ischemic stroke: a case-control study
Authors: More Prashant Pramod , Itkelwar Bhushan Jayant , Patil Dilip Ratan
Published: July 2017

Background: Undoubtedly, stroke is an important public health problem as well as an important precursor of mortality and morbidity. It also leads to loss of disability adjusted life years as it causes long term severe disability. The objective of this study was to study association of lipoprotein (a) in ischemic stroke patients with matched controls.Methods: This is a prospective case controlled study. The study group includes 100 stroke patients consecutive admitted in medicine/neurology departments of our hospital, and 50 patients as control group admitted for nonvascular diseases. The ethical committee clearance was obtained from the appropriate authority appointed by the institution. Detailed history taking and neurological examination were done in all patientsResults: This case-control study shows that ischemic stroke patients have higher levels of Lp (a) as compared to that of controls. Thus, people with high Lp (a) levels may have higher predilection for developing ischemic stroke. Lp (a) levels do not correspond to stroke severity stroke in our study. Thus, higher Lp (a) levels do not lead to more severe type of stroke. Lp (a) levels do not correlate with the outcome of stroke, hence Lp (a) level may not be a good indicator for assessing prognosis or predicting mortalityConclusions: This case-control study shows that ischemic stroke patients have higher levels of Lp (a) as compared to that of controls. Thus, people with high Lp (a) levels may have higher predilection for developing ischemic stroke factors for stroke like diabetes, smoking and hypertension do not predisposed to higher Lp (a).
Study of causes and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in tertiary care institute
Authors: S. Nagabhushana , M. Ranganatha , G. K. Ranjith Kumar , Virupakshappa Kamath
Published: July 2017

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome with a broad aetiological profile. It is associated with major morbidity and significant mortality. This study is to determine the various causes of AKI, in our hospital and to find out the incidence of AKI by using renal failure indices and to analyze outcome of AKI pertaining to the aetiology.Methods: Study is conducted on 100 AKI patients on haemodialysis admitted in various medical wards of the Mc Gann Hospital attached to Shimoga institute of medical sciences, Shimoga. From January 1st, 2017 to June 30th, 2017 detailed history was taken in all the patients and a through physical examination was done. Baseline and peak levels of serum Creatinine, urine output was documented. Data regarding laboratory investigations were collected to confirm the etiology of AKI.Results: There were 65 males and 35 females. The highest number of cases are in age group 51 to 60 year (32%). Average age is 56±5.6 years. Fever, nausea and oliguria are the most common clinical features seen 66,66 and 64 percentage respectively, followed by edema (23%) and loses tools (17%). Blood urea (>100), serum Creatinine (>4) in 44% and 46% respectively. Hb <10 gm/dl in 54%. WBC count >12000 in 65%. Sepsis and gastroenteritis are leading medical causes 25% and 12% respectively. Surgical causes are 14% and obstetrics causes are 11%.Conclusions: AKI remains a common disorder among critically ill patients Consistent with other studies from developing world; this study has also shown that infections, nephrotoxins and gastroenteritis are the primary causes of AKI at our institute. Most of these causes can be prevented with simple interventions such as health education on oral rehydration, quality prenatal and emergency obstetric care, appropriate management of infections and taking appropriate precautions when prescribing potentially nephrotoxic medications.
Anemia with massive splenomegaly an uncommon presentation of osteopetrosis in adult
Authors: Chetiwal Rajesh , Naik Ajit K. , Lakhwani O. P.
Published: July 2017

Osteopetrosis was first described by a Germen radiologist Albers - Schoenberg in 1904. It is characterized by excessive density of bones leading to typical "chalk bone" appearance on skiagram. There is a defect in the osteoclastic activity which leads to failure in remodeling of the developing bone. This excessive formation of bone with defective osteoclastic activity leads to mechanically weak bone. So, fractures on minor trauma are common presentation of the disease. Obliteration of marrow cavities leads to development of secondary anemia which is a feature of infantile form of osteopetrosis (malignant osteopetrosis), usually seen in infants and early childhood. Adult form of osteopetrosis known as benign osteopetrosis may remain asymptomatic and causes delay in the early diagnosis of it. Anemia and massive splenomegaly in adult is a very uncommon presentation of the osteopetrosis, as seen in this interesting case which we are discussing further in detail.
Multi-purpose high-precision thermal vacuum testing bench and someresults of firing tests of non-hypergolic low-thrust rocket engines
Authors: Ryzhkov V. V. , Verjasov Yu. N. , Galperin R. N. , Gulyaev Yu. I. , Ivashin Yu. S.
Published: July 2017

The article presents the structure and the main characteristics of systems of a multi-purpose thermal high-precision testing bench for firing tests of non-hypergolic low-thrust rocket engines (LTRE). The vacuum system provides the initial vacuum in the chamber; the fuel system makes it possible to conduct research and tests of LTRE with the thrust 5...500 N in continuous and pulse modes of operation. The thermal conditioning system creates and maintains the temperature of the fuel components in the range from -15 to +50C at the inlet of the engine. The thermostats ensure a minimum temperature of gaseous working fluids ~ 100...120 K during tests conducted according to special programs. An automatic system of control, acquisition, handling and displaying of the measurement information is intended to support research and testing of rocket engines and to obtain real-time results. The measuring system is equipped with high-precision sensors that significantly increase the accuracy of the LTRE parameters to be determined. An infrared thermal imaging system makes it possible to assess the thermal state of the engine. The results of experimental research of the work process of non-hypergolic rocket engines are presented. We also present information on the dynamic and energy parameters of promising schemes of LTRE using the components Н2г + О2г, and on the thermal condition of the engine structure.
Assessment of gas turbine engine airfoil surface microstructure
Authors: Nosov N. V. , Abramov A. D. , Kosulin S. I.
Published: July 2017

We propose a new approach to the assessment of surface roughness of gas turbine engine airfoil after polishing. The micro-geometry of the blade surfaces was investigated with the use of an electrooptical system on the basis of computing the average amplitude of the variable component of the autocorrelation function obtained as a result of computer processing of the surface video images. The use of the electrooptical method of assessing the surface micro-geometry of compressor blades and turbine blades makes it possible to construct the fields of surface roughness and stress concentration factor, as well as to analyze the technology of finishing treatment in more depth.
An Impact of Stress on Women Employees with Reference to Selected Bpo’s Visakhaptnam
Authors: Dr. V. Srinivasa Prasad T.Narayana Rao,
Published: July 2017

Stress can be defined as a pressure (or) tension exerted on a material object (or) a state of mental (or) emotional strain (or) tension resulting from adverse (or) demanding circumstances. Stress can’t be avoided, but one can learn how to manage it. District like Visakhapatnam in the recent years has shown mammoth developments in the field of outsourcing sector. In the case of Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES), Business Process Outsourcing (BPO’s) in particular, majority are women employees who are working for it. This study highlights the critical need to investigate the countless pressure for women workers in the BPO industry. The present Study is based on a sample of 72 women employees from various BPO’s in Visakhapatnam, majority of which were experienced more than 2 years. Here the discussion is what changes are required to manage stress among working women and what is being done to get the best practices for BPO industry. For that we framed set of questioners for analysis and to lock the predominant factor that causes stress and to provide best solutions to overcome from it
Predictors of Retention Among African Americans in a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Healthy Eating and Active Living in the Spirit (HEALS) Intervention
Authors: Babatunde Oluwole A. , Adams Swann Arp , Wirth Micheal D. , Eberth Jan M. , Sofge Jameson , Choi Seul Ki , Harmon Brook , Davis Lisa , Drayton Ruby , Hurley Thomas G. , Brandt Hearther M. , Armstead Cheryl A. , Hebert James R.
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Retention of racial/ethnic minority groups into research trials is neces­sary to fully understand and address health disparities. This study was conducted to identify participants’ characteristics associ­ated with retention of African Americans (AAs) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a behavioral intervention.

Methods: Using data from an RCT con­ducted from 2009 to 2012 among AAs, participant-level factors were examined for associations with retention between three measurement points (ie, baseline, 3-month, and 12-month). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare retained participants to those who were not retained in order to identify important predictors of retention.

Results: About 57% of participants (n=238) were retained at 12 months. Baseline char­acteristics that showed a statistically signifi­cant association with retention status were age, marital status, body mass index (BMI), intervention group, enrollment of a partner in the study, and perceived stress score (PSS). Multivariable logistic regression that adjusted for age, BMI, and PSS showed the odds of being retained among participants who enrolled with a partner was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.87-4.65) compared with participants who had no study partner enrolled. The odds of being retained among participants who were obese and morbidly obese were .32 and .27 (95% CI: .14-.74 and .11-.69), respectively, compared with participants who had normal weight.

Conclusion: Having a partner enrolled in behavioral interventions may improve retention of study participants. Researchers also need to be cognizant of participants’ obesity status and potentially target reten­tion efforts toward these individuals.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(3):265-272; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.265.
Fuzzy transition matrices and their applications
Authors: Chinnadurai Veerappan , BARKAVI SUBRAMANIAN
Published: July 2017

The present paper aims at the introduction of some vital operations and properties based on fuzzy transition matrices. Here, two dierent product of fuzzy transition matrices, namely max-min product and alternative max min product of fuzzy transition matrices have been defined. Out of them, a new solution procedure for an alternative max-min product of fuzzy transition matrices has been drawn to attain a right decision making to solve the real life problems.
Genetic Structure and Eco-Geographical Differentiation of Wild Sheep Fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Chenglin , Zhang Jianbo , Fan Yan , Sun Ming , Wu Wendan , Zhao Wenda , Yang Xiaopeng , Huang Linkai , Peng Yan , Ma Xiao , Zhang Xinquan
Published: July 2017

Glaciation and mountain orogeny have generated new ecologic opportunities for plants, favoring an increase in the speciation rate. Moreover, they also act as corridors or barriers for plant lineages and populations. High genetic diversity ensures that species are able to survive and adapt. Gene flow is one of the most important determinants of the genetic diversity and structure of out-crossed species, and it is easily affected by biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of an alpine species, Festuca ovina L., in Xingjiang, China. A total of 100 individuals from 10 populations were analyzed using six amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer pairs. A total of 583 clear bands were generated, of which 392 were polymorphic; thus, the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 67.24%. The total and average genetic diversities were 0.2722 and 0.2006 (0.1686-0.2225), respectively. The unweighted group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that these populations or individuals could be clustered into two groups. The analysis of molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) suggested that most of the genetic variance existed within a population, and the genetic differentiation (Fst) among populations was 20.71%. The Shannon differentiation coefficient (G’st) among populations was 0.2350. Limited gene flow (Nm = 0.9571) was detected across all sampling sites. The Fst and Nm presented at different levels under the genetic barriers due to fragmentation. The population genetic diversity was significant relative to environmental factors such as temperature, altitude and precipitation.
State and Local Chronic Disease Surveillance Using Electronic Health Record Systems
Authors: Klompas Michael , Cocoros Noelle M. , Menchaca John T. , Erani Diana , Hafer Ellen , Herrick Brian , Josephson Mark , Lee Michael , Payne Weiss Michelle D. , Zambarano Bob , Eberhardt Karen R. , Malenfant Jessica , Nasuti Laura , Land Thomas
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To assess the feasibility of chronic disease surveillance using distributed analysis of electronic health records and to compare results with Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) state and small-area estimates.

Methods. We queried the electronic health records of 3 independent Massachusetts-based practice groups using a distributed analysis tool called MDPHnet to measure the prevalence of diabetes, asthma, smoking, hypertension, and obesity in adults for the state and 13 cities. We adjusted observed rates for age, gender, and race/ethnicity relative to census data and compared them with BRFSS state and small-area estimates.

Results. The MDPHnet population under surveillance included 1 073 545 adults (21.8% of the state adult population). MDPHnet and BRFSS state-level estimates were similar: 9.4% versus 9.7% for diabetes, 10.0% versus 12.0% for asthma, 13.5% versus 14.7% for smoking, 26.3% versus 29.6% for hypertension, and 22.8% versus 23.8% for obesity. Correlation coefficients for MDPHnet versus BRFSS small-area estimates ranged from 0.890 for diabetes to 0.646 for obesity.

Conclusions. Chronic disease surveillance using electronic health record data is feasible and generates estimates comparable with BRFSS state and small-area estimates.
Television Watching and Telomere Length Among Adults in Southwest China
Authors: Xue Hong-mei , Liu Qian-qian , Tian Guo , Quan Li-ming , Zhao Yong , Cheng Guo
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To explore the independent associations of sedentary behavior and physical activity with telomere length among Chinese adults.

Methods. Data on total time of sedentary behavior, screen-based sedentary behavior (including television watching and computer or phone use), moderate to vigorous physical activity, and dietary intake of 518 adults in Chengdu, Guizhou, and Xiamen in China (54.25% women) aged 20 to 70 years were obtained between 2013 and 2015 through questionnaires. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured to calculate body mass index and percentage of body fat. Telomere length was measured through Southern blot technique.

Results. Television watching was inversely related to adjusted telomere length (−71.75 base pair; SE = 34.40; P  = .04). Furthermore, a similar trend between telomere length and television watching was found in the group aged 20 to 40 years after adjusting for all covariates. Adults aged 20 to 40 years in the highest tertile of daily time spent on watching television had 4.0% shorter telomere length than adults in the lowest tertile (P = .03).

Conclusions. Although the association is modest, television watching is inversely related to telomere length among Chinese adults, warranting further investigation in large prospective studies.
Community-Based, Preclinical Patient Navigation for Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Older Black Men Recruited From Barbershops: The MISTER B Trial
Authors: Cole Helen , Thompson Hayley S. , White Marilyn , Browne Ruth , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Braithwaite Scott , Fiscella Kevin , Boutin-Foster Carla , Ravenell Joseph
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men.

Methods. We conducted a 3-parallel-arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New York City. Participants had to be aged 50 years or older, not be up-to-date on CRC screening, have uncontrolled high blood pressure, and have a working telephone. We randomized participants to 1 of 3 groups: (1) patient navigation by a community health worker for CRC screening (PN), (2) motivational interviewing for blood pressure control by a trained counselor (MINT), or (3) both interventions (PLUS). We assessed CRC screening completion at 6-month follow-up.

Results. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that participants in the navigation interventions were significantly more likely than those in the MINT-only group to be screened for CRC during the 6-month study period (17.5% of participants in PN, 17.8% in PLUS, 8.4% in MINT; P < .01).

Conclusions. Telephone-based preclinical patient navigation has the potential to be effective for older Black men. Our results indicate the importance of community-based health interventions for improving health among minority men.
Patterns of Use of Smokeless Tobacco in US Adults, 2013–2014
Authors: Cheng Yu-Ching , Rostron Brian L. , Day Hannah R. , Stanton Cassandra A. , Hull Lynn C. , Persoskie Alexander , Travers Mark J. , Taylor Kristie , Conway Kevin P. , Ambrose Bridget K. , Borek Nicolette
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To examine patterns of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use, by type, in wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study in the United States.

Methods. We analyzed data from 32 320 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) to assess the use of pouched snus and other SLT products (loose snus, moist snuff, dip, spit, and chewing tobacco).

Results. Overall, SLT use was most common among men, younger adults, non-Hispanic Whites, and nonurban respondents. Pouched snus users were more likely to report nondaily and polytobacco use than users of other SLT products. Respondents who used SLT some days were more likely to be current established cigarette smokers than those who used SLT every day (57.9% vs 20.2%). Furthermore, current established smokers who used SLT some days were more likely to smoke every day and had a higher median number of cigarettes smoked per day than smokers who used SLT every day.

Conclusions. Polytobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, is common among SLT users. Pouched snus users are more likely to report nondaily snus use and polytobacco use than users of other SLT products.
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hydration Status Among US Adults and the Role of Tap Water and Other Beverage Intake
Authors: Brooks Carolyn J. , Gortmaker Steven L. , Long Michael W. , Cradock Angie L. , Kenney Erica L.
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To evaluate whether differences in tap water and other beverage intake explain differences in inadequate hydration among US adults by race/ethnicity and income.

Methods. We estimated the prevalence of inadequate hydration (urine osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/kg) by race/ethnicity and income of 8258 participants aged 20 to 74 years in the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable regression models, we estimated associations between demographic variables, tap water intake, and inadequate hydration.

Results. The prevalence of inadequate hydration among US adults was 29.5%. Non-Hispanic Blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 1.76) and Hispanics (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.67) had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did non-Hispanic Whites. Lower-income adults had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did higher-income adults (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.45). Differences in tap water intake partially attenuated racial/ethnic differences in hydration status. Differences in total beverage and other fluid intake further attenuated sociodemographic disparities.

Conclusions. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in inadequate hydration among US adults are related to differences in tap water and other beverage intake. Policy action is needed to ensure equitable access to healthy beverages.
Zika and Reproductive Rights in Brazil: Challenge to the Right to Health
Authors: Valente Pablo K.
Published: July 2017

The Zika virus epidemic rapidly spread across Brazil and Latin America, gaining international attention because of the causal relationship between Zika and birth defects. The high number of cases in Brazil has been attributed to a failure of the state to contain the epidemic and protect the affected people, especially women. Therefore, the public health crisis created by Zika exposed a stark conflict between Brazil’s constitutional right to health and the long-standing violation of reproductive rights in the country.

Although health is considered to be a right of all in Brazil, women struggle with barriers to reproductive services and lack of access to safe and legal abortions. In response to the epidemic, women’s rights advocates have filed a lawsuit with Brazil’s supreme court that requires the decriminalization of abortion upon the diagnosis of Zika virus.

However, the selective decriminalization of abortion may lead to negative social consequences and further stigmatization of people with disabilities. A solution to the reproductive health crisis in Brazil must reconcile women’s right to choose and the rights of people with disabilities.
Scoliosis Secondary to Dystonia
Authors: Bhandutia Amit K. , Nangunoori Raj , Whiting Donald M. , Sangimino Mark J.
Published: July 2017

Case:

An adolescent girl presented with an atypical scoliotic curve, pelvic obliquity, back pain, and lower-extremity paresthesias. A workup revealed generalized primary torsion dystonia. The condition was refractory to medical treatment and necessitated implantation of a deep brain stimulator. The scoliosis required operative correction, and the patient underwent posterior spinal arthrodesis with hook-rod instrumentation, which resulted in successful correction through 7 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:

The differential diagnosis for adolescent scoliosis should include dystonia as a potential cause, especially when a patient presents with muscular contractures, an atypical scoliotic curve, pelvic obliquity, or changing curve characteristics.
Percutaneous Nailing and Cementoplasty for Palliative Management of Supra-Acetabular Iliac Wing Metastases
Authors: Laredo Jean-Denis , Mosseri Jonathan , Nizard Rémy
Published: July 2017

Case:

A 48-year-old woman was unable to walk due to an extensive osteolytic supra-acetabular iliac wing metastatic lymphoma involving the arcuate line. A minimally invasive technique that combined percutaneous nailing of the iliac bone with a customized nail and cementoplasty (intraosseous injection of polymethylmethacrylate) was performed. At the 1-year follow-up, she was able to walk without crutches, and computed tomography (CT) showed a stable iliac bone fixation.

Conclusion:

Osteolytic metastasis is a common cause of bone weakening, especially in load-bearing areas. With osteolytic metastases involving the acetabulum, intraosseous injection of bone cement into the weakened acetabulum may reduce pain and prevent fracture. Nailing combined with cementoplasty may be proposed for extensive destruction of the iliac bone involving the arcuate line to relieve pain and allow for resumed walking.
The Other Side of Here and Now: Cross-Cultural Reflections on the Politics of Improvisation Studies
Authors: Currie Scott
Published: July 2017

Scholarship on African-American avant-garde jazz and European free music is prominently featured in the emergent field of improvisation studies, premised upon an allegorical understanding of the phenomenon as a musical analogue for counter-hegemonic political dialogue and action. However, from an ethnomusicological standpoint rooted in improvisational traditions from Africa to Asia, serious questions arise about the cross-cultural validity of this axiological paradigm. Drawing upon studies of West African and South Asian traditions of improvisation, this essay brings a critical global perspective to bear upon issues of improvisation, community, and social practice, to elucidate the manner in which universalistically conceived ideological commitments can shape the political meanings of extemporaneous music-making. Ultimately, an ethnographic focus on ritual overdetermination of meaning within festive performance frames can reveal the significance that ICASP organizers’ conception of improvisation—as “a crucial model for political, cultural, and ethical dialogue and action”—plays in empowering artists to imagine and realize utopian, transcultural, socio-sonic communities.
Southern Phosphorus Indices, Water Quality Data, and Modeling (APEX, APLE, and TBET) Results: A Comparison
Authors: Osmond Deanna , Bolster Carl , Sharpley Andrew , Cabrera Miguel , Feagley Sam , Forsberg Adam , Mitchell Charles , Mylavarapu Rao , Oldham J. Larry , Radcliffe David E. , Ramirez‐Avila John J. , Storm Dan E. , Walker Forbes , Zhang Hailin
Published: July 2017

Phosphorus (P) Indices in the southern United States frequently produce different recommendations for similar conditions. We compared risk ratings from 12 southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas) using data collected from benchmark sites in the South (Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas). Phosphorus Index ratings were developed using both measured erosion losses from each benchmark site and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 predictions; mostly, there was no difference in P Index outcome. The derived loss ratings were then compared with measured P loads at the benchmark sites by using equivalent USDA–NRCS P Index ratings and three water quality models (Annual P Loss Estimator [APLE], Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender [APEX], and Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool [TBET]). Phosphorus indices were finally compared against each other using USDA–NRCS loss ratings model estimate correspondence with USDA–NRCS loss ratings. Correspondence was 61% for APEX, 48% for APLE, and 52% for TBET, with overall P index correspondence at 55%. Additive P Indices (Alabama and Texas) had the lowest USDA–NRCS loss rating correspondence (31%), while the multiplicative (Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee) and component (Georgia, Kentucky, and North Carolina) indices had similar USDA–NRCS loss rating correspondence—60 and 64%, respectively. Analysis using Kendall's modified Tau suggested that correlations between measured and calculated P‐loss ratings were similar or better for most P Indices than the models.

Core Ideas

Southern region P Indices estimate P losses as well as water quality models.

APLE and TBET P‐loss predictions were more similar than were results from APEX.

Assigning potential P‐loss risk from P Indices to any given water resource is challenging.
Parameterization of Root Water Uptake Models Considering Dynamic Root Distributions and Water Uptake Compensation
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Vanderborght Jan , Couvreur Valentin , Mboh Cho Miltin , Vereecken Harry
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Parameters of different RWU models were optimized using data from a rhizotron facility.

The same soil hydraulic properties were obtained for models considering RWU compensation.

Feddes–Jarvis and Couvreur models predicted similar root‐system‐scale stress functions.

The obtained RWU parameters were consistent with data reported in the literature.

The models with compensation predicted similar total uptake but different local RWU.

The spatiotemporal distribution of root water uptake (RWU) depends on the dynamics of the root distribution and compensatory uptake from wetter regions in the root zone. This work aimed to parameterize three RWU models with different representations of compensation: the Feddes–Jarvis model that uses an empirical function, the Feddes model without compensation, and the Couvreur model that is based on a physical description of water flow in the soil–root system. These models were implemented in HYDRUS‐1D, and soil hydraulic parameters were optimized by inverse modeling using soil water content and potential measurements and observations of root distributions of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in horizontally installed rhizotubes. Soil moisture was equally well predicted by the three models, and the soil hydraulic parameters optimized by the models with compensation were comparable. The obtained RWU parameters of the Feddes–Jarvis model were consistent with data reported in the literature, although the pressure heads h3l and h3h for lower and higher transpirations rates, respectively, could not be uniquely identified. Response surfaces of the objective function showed that the root‐related parameters of the Couvreur model could be identified using inverse modeling. Furthermore, these parameters were consistent with combined root architectural and hydraulic observations from the literature. The Feddes–Jarvis and Couvreur models simulated similar root‐system‐scale stress functions that link total RWU to the effective root zone water potential, suggesting that parameters may be transferable between the two models. Simulated RWU profiles differed due to different water redistribution by the root system, but the measurements were not sufficiently precise to observe this redistribution.
Combined effects of nutrient enrichment and inorganic sedimentation on benthic biota in an experimental stream system
Authors: Chase Justin W. , Benoy Glenn A. , Culp Joseph M.
Published: July 2017

Sedimentation and nutrient loading are among the most prevalent threats to fluvial ecosystem integrity. This study employed artificial streams (mesocosms) to simulate individual and combined impacts of nutrient enrichment and deposited fine sediment on benthic biota. Ninety-six circular mesocosms were used in a 21-day crossed experiment that measured the impact of three substrate compositions (0, 25, and 50% fines <2 mm) and four nitrogen concentrations (17, 22, 43, and 94 μg L–1 (soluble inorganic nitrogen)) on periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of macroinvertebrate assemblages indicated substantial shifts in structural composition, while univariate models for Lepidostomatidae and total Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera revealed that nutrient and sediment subsidies related to single factors were suppressed by an additional stressor. Stressor mechanism overlap was evident at higher treatment levels, as moderate nutrient enrichment increased nutritional resources but high nitrogen concentrations lead to substrate smothering by periphyton, contributing to habitat degradation originating from inorganic sedimentation. Our study is consistent with research showing that nutrient loading and sedimentation interact to deteriorate lotic systems beyond levels attributable to either individual stressor. Management practices and pollution standards need to incorporate relationships between stressors tightly co-vary in natural settings.
Examining the emerging environmental protection policy convergence in the Ontario municipal drinking water, wastewater and stormwater sectors
Authors: Tovilla Edgar , Webb Kernaghan
Published: July 2017

This study examines the governance approaches applying to Ontario's municipal water management activities and observes an environmental policy convergence occurring in two different dimensions: across the drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater aspects of municipal water activities with respect to governance approaches, and federal, provincial, and municipal governments in terms of drawing on private management system standards to supplement conventional regulatory requirements. This study supports the proposition that municipal water governance approaches are developed within a context that includes both state-based requirements and non-state market-oriented standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, and this context facilitates convergence and calibration between and among state-based and private governance at the public policy level adopted by municipalities. In addition to increasing use of private environmental management systems (EMSs) by Ontario municipalities as methods of addressing operational challenges they face, Canadian courts are also referencing EMS in their decisions. This article suggests that EMS standards such as ISO 14001 can be useful supplements to state regulations, and this supplementing would not be characterized as supplanting or substituting conventional state-based regulation, but rather as a form of practical and conceptual ‘bridge’ between public and private forms of regulation.
Lexical work with the Orthodox culture words based on the example of modern teaching aids in the Russian language for elementary school (by L.F. Klimanova, T.V. Babushkina)
Authors: Kozhevnikova Alina Vladislavovna
Published: July 2017

The article is devoted to the analysis of the educational and methodical complex «Perspective» of teaching aids in the Russian language by L.F. Klimanova, T.V. Babushkina. The work objective is to analyze the presence of the words of Orthodox culture and the form of lexical work with them. This article can be useful for improving lexical work in Russian language classes, which contributes to the formation of spiritual and moral guidelines of students.
The principle of the accessibility of the right to education (international aspect)
Authors: Karapetyan Goar Armenakovna
Published: July 2017

The article describes the principle of the accessibility of the right to education from the perspective of international legal documents; establishes the forms of the accessibility according to the signs of directionality and duration of education; detects the types of the accessibility in the context of international acts.
Boarding school traditions as a means of orphan children social education
Authors: Kiryushkina Yana Anatolyevna
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the question of using establishment traditions as a means of social education; describes the objective, tasks, functions, forms of using traditions for pedagogical purposes. It also separately substantiates management, methodical and organizational blocks of using the institution's traditions for pedagogical purposes.
The disadvantages of information-gathering techniques about gas distribution industry and its effect on a forecast of gas consumption in the region
Authors: Sharibov Ratmir Borisovich , Kumaritov Alan Melitonovich
Published: July 2017

According to the authors, while building a forecast of gas consumption based on the regression approaches the most important is the completeness, accuracy and reliability of data collected. Unfortunately, there is a number of shortcomings in the current information-gathering techniques in gas distribution industry of the region, and they lead to the mistakes in the primary data collection and to subsequent errors in the building a forecast of gas consumption.
Optimization and Design of Integrated Space Target
Authors: Xue Mingxi
Published: July 2017

Background & Objective:

The design and optimization of laser detection system based on MEMS (Micro-electro Mechanical Systems) scanning mirror is presented in the paper. According to requirements of application, it adopts the laser module to design the laser driver circuit, and the designed modulation circuit can satisfy the actual needs.

Method:

The designed information processing module is composed of the echo receiving module, signal amplification and filter circuit module, and the synchronous circuit of measuring angle and distance, etc.

Conclusion:

It gives out the distance decoding method and explores the method of capturing echo signal, which can fast and accurately calculate the distance and azimuth information of scanning.
Определение термоэлектрической эффективности материала по измерениям линейного ряда ветвей n- и p-типов проводимости
Authors: Лебедев Ю.П. , Иванов А.С. , Ильин А.С. , Чуйко А.Г.
Published: July 2017

На основе подхода Хармана разработана методика и приведены формулы для одновременного определения термоэлектрической эффективности материалов n- и p-типов проводимости. Данные для расчета получены путем измерения падения напряжения при последовательном пропускании постоянного и переменного тока через линейные ряды, состоящие из нечетного числа ветвей обоих типов проводимости. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44777.46
О зонной структуре твердых растворов Sb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-3-x-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=- (0≤ x≤0.1) по данным кинетических и оптических явлений
Authors: Немов С.А. , Улашкевич Ю.В. , Аллаххах А.А. , Джафаров М.Б.
Published: July 2017

Обсуждены особенности экспериментальных данных по кинетическим явлениям и результаты их расчетов в однозонной и двухзонной моделях в p-A2VB3VI. Удалось согласовать расчеты с экспериментом в двухзонной модели с учетом межзонного рассеяния дырок и оценить параметры их экспериментального спектра. Приведены спектры отражения для кристаллов p-Sb2Te3-xSex в диапазоне 400-7000 см-1. Осуществлена аппроксимация спектров в рамках теории Друде-Лоренца, учитывающей плазменные колебания дырок. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44781.50
Оптимизация составной генераторной ветви
Authors: Драбкин И.А. , Освенский В.Б.
Published: July 2017

Предложен точный способ расчета составной генераторной термоэлектрической ветви в одномерном приближении методом тепловых балансов с эффективными значениями термоэлектрических параметров. Данный метод позволяет точно учесть температурные зависимости электропроводности, коэффициента термоэдс и теплопроводности. Учтено влияние контактных сопротивлений на результирующую эффективность преобразования энергии. Приведен порядок расчета секционированной ветви и показан способ перехода от расчета ветви к расчету термоэлемента. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44786.55
Воздействие протонного облучения с энергией 8 МэВ на гетероэпитаксиальные слои n-3C-SiC
Authors: Лебедев А.А. , Бер Б.Я. , Оганесян Г.А. , Белов С.В. , Лебедев С.П. , Никитина И.П. , Середова Н.В. , Шахов Л.В. , Козловский В.В.
Published: July 2017

Исследовано воздействие протонного облучения с энергией 8 МэВ на эпитаксиальные слои n-3C-SiC, выращенные методом сублимации на полуизолирующих подложках 4H-SiC. Изменения параметров образцов регистрировали методом эффекта Холла и по спектрам фотолюминесценции. Метод Холла был применен для раздельной оценки влияния облучения на концентрацию и подвижность носителей заряда. Скорость удаления носителей (Vd) составила ~110 см-1. Полная компенсация образцов с исходной концентрацией носителей заряда 6.5·1017 см-3 наблюдалась при дозах облучения ~6·1015 см-2. Подвижность носителей заряда при таких дозах облучения уменьшалась всего в 2.5 раза. По сравнению с 4H и 6H карбида кремния не было отмечено значительного увеличения интенсивности так называемой "дефектной" фотолюминесценции. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44795.8535
Влияние ловушек в диоксиде кремния на пробой МОП-структур
Authors: Александров О.В.
Published: July 2017

Разработана модель численного расчёта напряжения и времени задержки пробоя МОП-структур на основе механизма анодной дырочной инжекции, учитывающая распределение дырочных и электронных ловушек по толщине диэлектрика. Показано, что напряжение пробоя определяется накоплением заряда на дырочных ловушках в подзатворном диэлектрике вблизи катода, но зависит также от наличия дырочных ловушек вблизи анода и электронных ловушек. Время задержки пробоя в широком диапазоне напряженностей поля подчиняется экспоненциальной 1/E зависимости и удовлетворительно описывает экспериментальные данные. При малых длительностях воздействия (t<10-5 c) пробой определяется накоплением заряда на свободных дырках. Разработана количественная модель поведения МОП-структур при ионизирующем облучении, базирующаяся на захвате дырок водородосодержащими ловушками. Часть ловушек заряжается, образуя положительный объемный заряд в диэлектрике. Другая часть распадается с освобождением положительных ионов водорода, которые мигрируют в электрическом поле диэлектрика к межфазной границе с полупроводником, где приводят к депассивации поверхностных состояний. Учитывается заряжение поверхностных состояний как в процессе облучения, так и при измерении порогового напряжения. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44798.8457
Влияние температуры электролита на процесс катодного осаждения нитевидных наноструктур Ge из водных растворов на частицах In и Sn
Authors: Гаврилин И.М. , Громов Д.Г. , Дронов А.А. , Дубков С.В. , Волков Р.Л. , Трифонов А.Ю. , Боргардт Н.И. , Гаврилов С.А.
Published: July 2017

Представлены результаты исследования роста нитевидных структур Ge из водных растворов электролитов при различных температурах с использованием массивов наночастиц In и Sn в качестве центров кристаллизации. Температура процесса катодного осаждения Ge из водных растворов оказывает существенное влияние на строение слоя, осаждаемого на поверхность. При наличии частиц металлов в расплавленном состоянии происходит рост нитевидных структур Ge за счет катодного восстановления ионов, содержащих Ge, на поверхности электрода с последующим растворением и кристаллизацией в расплаве на границе с подложкой. Полученные результаты показывают решающую роль наличия жидких частиц металла в процессе электрохимического формирования нитевидных нанокристаллов германия. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44799.8482
Вольт-амперные характеристики диодов Шоттки при больших плотностях тока в условиях инжекции неосновных носителей
Authors: Мнацаканов Т.Т. , Тандоев А.Г. , Левинштейн М.Е. , Юрков С.Н. , Palmour J.W.
Published: July 2017

Получено аналитическое выражение для вольт-амперной характеристики диода Шоттки при высоком уровне инжекции неосновных носителей заряда. Вплоть до самых высоких значений плотности тока падение напряжения на диоде тем больше, чем выше уровень легирования базы. Проанализирован физический механизм, обусловливающий возникновение этого парадоксального" результата. Численный расчет с помощью программы, учитывающей полную совокупность нелинейных эффектов, обусловленных высоким уровнем инжекции в базовом слое и сильным легированием эмиттерной области, подтверждает справедливость полученного аналитического результата. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.08.44801.8478
Особенности ЭПР в поликристаллических твердых растворах Zn-=SUB=-0.95-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-0.05-=/SUB=-O с различной морфологией частиц: роль собственных дефектов в формировании магнитных свойств
Authors: Мелкозерова М.А. , Гырдасова О.И. , Дьячкова Т.В. , Тютюнник А.П. , Банников В.В. , Заболоцкая Е.В. , Марченков В.В. , Перевозчикова Ю.А. , Sauerzopf F. , Красильников В.Н.
Published: July 2017

С использованием прекурсорных технологий получены однофазные поликристаллические образцы Zn0.95Fe0.05O со структурой вюртцита с различной морфологией частиц. Методом электронного парамагнитного резонанса установлено, что железо входит в кристаллическую решетку ZnO в зарядовом состоянии Fe3+. Результаты исследований магнитных свойств показали, что полученные образцы проявляют слабые ферромагнитные свойства при T=300 K. Выявлена корреляция между количеством кислородных вакансий и степенью ферромагнитного упорядочения. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России (тема "Спин", N 01201463330) при частичной поддержке проекта УрО РАН N 15-17-3-44, гранта РФФИ N 15-03-02908-а и Правительства РФ (постановление N 211, контракт N 02.A03.21.0006). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.08.44746.28
Зависимость коэрцитивной силы от скорости развертки магнитного поля в сплавах (PrDy)(FeCo)B
Authors: Куницына Е.И. , Коплак О.В. , Кучеряев В.В. , Королев Д.В. , Пискорский В.П. , Безверхний А. , Моргунов Р.Б.
Published: July 2017

В спеченных магнитах (Pr1-xDyx)13(Fe1-yCoy)79B8 обнаружена зависимость коэрцитивной силы от среднего времени записи петли гистерезиса. Установлено, что в диапазоне средней скорости заметания петли гистерезиса 1.1· 102-3· 105 Oe/min коэрцитивная сила увеличивается с ее ростом на 22%, подчиняясь логарифмической зависимости от скорости прохождения петли с насыщением при малых скоростях. Методом магнитной силовой микроскопии установлены изменения доменной структуры, вызываемые магнитным полем в процессе намагничивания. Работа выполнена в рамках реализации комплексного научного направления 11.1 "Термостабильные магнитотвердые материалы и математические модели расчета их температурных характеристик для навигационных приборов нового поколения" ("Стратегические направления развития материалов и технологий их переработки на период до 2030 г.") и при поддержке гранта 3.1992.2017/ПЧ в рамках конкурса научных проектов, выполняемых научными коллективами исследовательских центров и (или) научных лабораторий образовательных организаций высшего образования. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.08.44751.24
Формирование структурных дефектов в наночастицах CeO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- при лазерной абляции
Authors: Пугачевский М.А.
Published: July 2017

Методом лазерной абляции получены наночастицы диоксида церия. С помощью просвечивающей электронной микроскопии и рентгенофазового анализа исследуется структура аблированных наночастиц. По данным спектроскопии характеристических потерь энергии электронов определен полуколичественный элементный состав. На основе анализа спектральных данных до и после термического отжига частиц делается вывод о значительной концентрации кислородных вакансий в структуре аблированных наночастиц CeO2. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.15.44867.16821
Особенности перемещения расплавленных зон в поле структурной неоднородности кремния
Authors: Скворцов А.А. , Зуев С.М. , Корячко М.В. , Волошинов Е.Б.
Published: July 2017

Рассмотрены формирование и динамика расплавленных включений Al-Si в кремнии (в диапазоне температур 1123-1273 K) в поле градиента концентрации дислокаций. Обнаружено, что расплавленное включение перемещается как целое по механизму "плавление-кристаллизация": в области с большей концентрацией дислокаций на фронтальной границе наблюдается растворение, а в области с меньшей, на тыльной стороне, --- кристаллизация. Экспериментально зафиксированы скорости и энергии активации процесса миграции. Показано, что лимитирующей стадией миграции включений являются процессы плавления-кристаллизации на межфазных границах расплава с матрицей. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.15.44869.16814
Нелинейная динамика иона в мультипольной радиочастотной ловушке
Authors: Рождественский Ю.В. , Рудый С.С.
Published: July 2017

Впервые исследуется нелинейная динамика заряженной частицы в мультипольной радиочастотной ловушке. Получено выражение для двумерного эффективного потенциала такой ловушки и определены области локализации иона. Представлено сечение Пуанкаре, которое явно демонстрирует нелинейный характер динамики иона в мультипольной ловушке. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.16.44932.16579
Table of Contents
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: July 2017

Table of Contents for PV Volume 3 #3
The Empty Tower
Authors: Mendell Jay S
Published: July 2017

Short fiction, in which Ambassador Gerald Murphy learns the humbling realities of technology transfer to the developing democracies.