bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell analysis reveals context-dependent, cell-level selection of mtDNA
Authors: Kotrys Anna V. , Durham Timothy J. , Guo Xiaoyan A. , Vantaku Venkata R. , Parangi Sareh , Mootha Vamsi K.
Published: April 2024

Heteroplasmy occurs when wild-type and mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules co-exist in single cells1. Heteroplasmy levels change dynamically in development, disease and ageing2,3, but it is unclear whether these shifts are caused by selection or drift, and whether they occur at the level of cells or intracellularly. Here we investigate heteroplasmy dynamics in dividing cells by combining precise mtDNA base editing (DdCBE)4 with a new method, SCI-LITE (single-cell combinatorial indexing leveraged to interrogate targeted expression), which tracks single-cell heteroplasmy with ultra-high throughput. We engineered cells to have synonymous or nonsynonymous complex I mtDNA mutations and found that cell populations in standard culture conditions purge nonsynonymous mtDNA variants, whereas synonymous variants are maintained. This suggests that selection dominates over simple drift in shaping population heteroplasmy. We simultaneously tracked single-cell mtDNA heteroplasmy and ancestry, and found that, although the population heteroplasmy shifts, the heteroplasmy of individual cell lineages remains stable, arguing that selection acts at the level of cell fitness in dividing cells. Using these insights, we show that we can force cells to accumulate high levels of truncating complex I mtDNA heteroplasmy by placing them in environments where loss of biochemical complex I activity has been reported to benefit cell fitness. We conclude that in dividing cells, a given nonsynonymous mtDNA heteroplasmy can be harmful, neutral or even beneficial to cell fitness, but that the ‘sign’ of the effect is wholly dependent on the environment.
Structures of human γδ T cell receptor–CD3 complex
Authors: Xin Weizhi , Huang Bangdong , Chi Ximin , Liu Yuehua , Xu Mengjiao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Xu , Su Qiang , Zhou Qiang
Published: April 2024

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, a unique T cell subgroup, are crucial in various immune responses and immunopathology1–3. The γδ T cell receptor (TCR), which is generated by γδ T cells, recognizes a diverse range of antigens independently of the major histocompatibility complex2. The γδ TCR associates with CD3 subunits, initiating T cell activation and holding great potential in immunotherapy4. Here we report the structures of two prototypical human Vγ9Vδ2 and Vγ5Vδ1 TCR–CD3 complexes5,6, revealing two distinct assembly mechanisms that depend on Vγ usage. The Vγ9Vδ2 TCR–CD3 complex is monomeric, with considerable conformational flexibility in the TCRγ–TCRδ extracellular domain and connecting peptides. The length of the connecting peptides regulates the ligand association and T cell activation. A cholesterol-like molecule wedges into the transmembrane region, exerting an inhibitory role in TCR signalling. The Vγ5Vδ1 TCR–CD3 complex displays a dimeric architecture, whereby two protomers nestle back to back through the Vγ5 domains of the TCR extracellular domains. Our biochemical and biophysical assays further corroborate the dimeric structure. Importantly, the dimeric form of the Vγ5Vδ1 TCR is essential for T cell activation. These findings reveal organizing principles of the γδ TCR–CD3 complex, providing insights into the unique properties of γδ TCR and facilitating immunotherapeutic interventions.
JAK-STAT signaling maintains homeostasis in T cells and macrophages
Authors: Fortelny Nikolaus , Farlik Matthias , Fife Victoria , Gorki Anna-Dorothea , Lassnig Caroline , Maurer Barbara , Meissl Katrin , Dolezal Marlies , Boccuni Laura , Ravi Sundar Jose Geetha Aarathy , Akagha Mojoyinola Joanna , Karjalainen Anzhelika , Shoebridge Stephen , Farhat Asma , Mann Ulrike , Jain Rohit , Tikoo Shweta , Zila Nina , Esser-Skala Wolfgang , Krausgruber Thomas , Sitnik Katarzyna , Penz Thomas , Hladik Anastasiya , Suske Tobias , Zahalka Sophie , Senekowitsch Martin , Barreca Daniele , Halbritter Florian , Macho-Maschler Sabine , Weninger Wolfgang , Neubauer Heidi A. , Moriggl Richard , Knapp Sylvia , Sexl Veronika , Strobl Birgit , Decker Thomas , Müller Mathias , Bock Christoph
Published: April 2024

Immune cells need to sustain a state of constant alertness over a lifetime. Yet, little is known about the regulatory processes that control the fluent and fragile balance that is called homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that JAK-STAT signaling, beyond its role in immune responses, is a major regulator of immune cell homeostasis. We investigated JAK-STAT-mediated transcription and chromatin accessibility across 12 mouse models, including knockouts of all STAT transcription factors and of the TYK2 kinase. Baseline JAK-STAT signaling was detected in CD8+ T cells and macrophages of unperturbed mice—but abrogated in the knockouts and in unstimulated immune cells deprived of their normal tissue context. We observed diverse gene-regulatory programs, including effects of STAT2 and IRF9 that were independent of STAT1. In summary, our large-scale dataset and integrative analysis of JAK-STAT mutant and wild-type mice uncovered a crucial role of JAK-STAT signaling in unstimulated immune cells, where it contributes to a poised epigenetic and transcriptional state and helps prepare these cells for rapid response to immune stimuli.
De novo identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes
Authors: Zdinak Paul M. , Trivedi Nishtha , Grebinoski Stephanie , Torrey Jessica , Martinez Eduardo Zarate , Martinez Salome , Hicks Louise , Ranjan Rashi , Makani Venkata Krishna Kanth , Roland Mary Melissa , Kublo Lyubov , Arshad Sanya , Anderson Mark S. , Vignali Dario A. A. , Joglekar Alok V.
Published: April 2024

CD4+ T cells recognize peptide antigens presented on class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecules to carry out their function. The remarkable diversity of T cell receptor sequences and lack of antigen discovery approaches for MHC-II make profiling the specificities of CD4+ T cells challenging. We have expanded our platform of signaling and antigen-presenting bifunctional receptors to encode MHC-II molecules presenting covalently linked peptides (SABR-IIs) for CD4+ T cell antigen discovery. SABR-IIs can present epitopes to CD4+ T cells and induce signaling upon their recognition, allowing a readable output. Furthermore, the SABR-II design is modular in signaling and deployment to T cells and B cells. Here, we demonstrate that SABR-IIs libraries presenting endogenous and non-contiguous epitopes can be used for antigen discovery in the context of type 1 diabetes. SABR-II libraries provide a rapid, flexible, scalable and versatile approach for de novo identification of CD4+ T cell ligands from single-cell RNA sequencing data using experimental and computational approaches.
Employing post classification comparison to detect land use cover change patterns and quantify conversions in Abakaliki LGA Nigeria from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Onuegbu Francis E. , Egbu Anthony U.
Published: April 2024

Rapid urbanization is restructuring landscapes across sub-Saharan Africa. This study employed post-classification comparison of multi-temporal Landsat imagery to characterize land cover changes in Abakaliki Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria between 2000 and 2022, addressing the need for empirical baselines to guide sustainable planning. Four classes were considered and images classified with overall accuracy of 95% for the year 2000 and 97% for the year 2022. Notably, 21,000 hectares of vegetation were lost, while built-up and bare land increased by 7500 and 13,700 hectares respectively. Spatial patterns revealed built-up encroachment from vegetation and bare land; this establishes the first standardized quantification of Abakaliki LGA’s shifting landscape, with results supporting compact development models while conserving ecological services under ongoing transformations. The study makes a significant contribution by establishing an empirical baseline characterizing Nigeria's urbanization trajectory essential for evidence-based stewardship of regional resources and livelihoods in a period of accelerating change.
An adapted model predictive control MPPT for validation of optimum GMPP tracking under partial shading conditions
Authors: Siddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Zhao Dongya , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Ouahada Khmaies , Hamam Habib
Published: April 2024

The energy generation efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems is compromised by partial shading conditions (PSCs) of solar irradiance with many maximum power points (MPPs) while tracking output power. Addressing this challenge in the PV system, this article proposes an adapted hybrid control algorithm that tracks the global maximum power point (GMPP) by preventing it from settling at different local maximum power points (LMPPs). The proposed scheme involves the deployment of a 3 × 3 multi-string PV array with a single modified boost converter model and an adapted perturb and observe-based model predictive control (APO-MPC) algorithm. In contrast to traditional strategies, this technique effectively extracts and stabilizes the output power by predicting upcoming future states through the computation of reference current. The boost converter regulates voltage and current levels of the whole PV array, while the proposed algorithm dynamically adjusts the converter's operation to track the GMPP by minimizing the cost function of MPC. Additionally, it reduces hardware costs by eliminating the need for an output current sensor, all while ensuring effective tracking across a variety of climatic profiles. The research illustrates the efficient validation of the proposed method with accurate and stable convergence towards the GMPP with minimal sensors, consequently reducing overall hardware expenses. Simulation and hardware-based outcomes reveal that this approach outperforms classical techniques in terms of both cost-effectiveness and power extraction efficiency, even under PSCs of constant, rapidly changing, and linearly changing irradiances.
Modelling interest in co-adoption of electric vehicles and solar photovoltaics in Australia to identify tailored policy needs
Authors: Hajhashemi Elham , Sauri Lavieri Patricia , Nassir Neema
Published: April 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) and solar photovoltaic systems (PVs) are two technologies that are gaining popularity in households as a means of reducing carbon emissions and improving energy security. However, little is known about the characteristics of households that adopt these technologies jointly. This study investigates the adoption patterns of electric vehicles and solar photovoltaics in Australia. We explain the likelihood of consumers belonging to four distinct groups (those who adopt both PVs and EVs, those who only adopt EVs, those who only adopt PVs, and those who adopt none) based on demographic and attitudinal factors. Using survey data from a representative sample of 2219 Australian heads of households, we found that dwelling ownership, ownership of a home energy management system, gender, and household size were significant predictors of the joint adoption of EVs and PVs. While both pro-environmental and pro-technology attitudes demonstrated a significant role in shaping PV-EV co-adoption patterns, the latter has a much stronger effect than the former. Based on the results, we identified that actions are needed in three key areas to encourage co-adoption: reducing technology adoption constraints associated with living arrangements (such as dwelling type and ownership), providing bundled financial incentives for both technologies, and fostering technology awareness and perceived usefulness among consumers.
DCDC2 inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Liu Qing-Qing , Chen Jing , Ma Tao , Huang Wei , Lu Cui-Hua
Published: April 2024

Liver fibrosis, as a consequence of chronic liver disease, involves the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) caused by various chronic liver injuries. Emerging evidence suggests that activation of HSC during an inflammatory state can lead to abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Investigating novel strategies to inhibit HSC activation and proliferation holds significant importance for the treatment of liver fibrosis. As a member of the doublecortin domain-containing family, doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) mutations can lead to neonatal sclerosing cholangitis, but its involvement in liver fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the role of DCDC2 in liver fibrosis. Our findings revealed a reduction in DCDC2 expression in both human fibrotic liver tissues and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse liver fibrotic tissues. Furthermore, exposure to transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) stimulation resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in DCDC2 expression. The overexpression of DCDC2 inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen alpha 1 (Col1α1), and reduced the activation of HSC stimulated with TGF-β1. Additionally, we provided evidence that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in this process, wherein DCDC2 was observed to inhibit β-catenin activation, thereby preventing its nuclear translocation. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that DCDC2 could attenuate the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like processes of HSC. In vivo, exogenous DCDC2 could ameliorate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In summary, DCDC2 was remarkably downregulated in liver fibrotic tissues of both humans and mice, as well as in TGF-β1-activated HSC. DCDC2 inhibited the activation of HSC induced by TGF-β1 in vitro and fibrogenic changes in vivo, suggesting that it is a promising therapeutic target for liver fibrosis and warrants further investigation in clinical practice.
The genetic relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of primary ovarian failure from a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Xiangfei , Mao Ruolin , Wang Meng , Zhu Lixia , Jin Lei
Published: April 2024

Previous studies investigating the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary ovarian failure (POF) generated conflicting results. To data, no mendelian randomization study has been applied to examine this association. In this study, genetic instruments for exposure (SLE) were selected from a GWAS study with 5201 cases and 9066 noncases. Outcome data for POF and three reproductive traits (age at menarche, age at menopause, and age at first live birth) were obtained from other eligible GWASs. To estimate causal association, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method (the main analyse), MR Egger test, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were applied. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results. Estimated by the IVW method, SLE was suggested to be causally related to the risk of POF (OR = 1.166, 95% CI 1.055–1.289, P = 0.003) and delayed age at first live birth (OR = 1.006, 95% CI 1.002–1.010, P = 0.007), with no evidence of a causal association between SLE and age at menopause or menarche. The estimates were robust according to sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, the two-sample MR study supported a causal association between SLE and POF from a genetic aspect.
Assessment of using Google Trends for real-time monitoring of infectious disease outbreaks: a measles case study
Authors: Wang Dawei , Lang John Cameron , Chen Yao-Hsuan
Published: April 2024

Measles remains a significant threat to children worldwide despite the availability of effective vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the situation by leading to the postponement of supplementary measles immunization activities. Along with this postponement, measles surveillance also deteriorated, with the lowest number of submitted specimens in over a decade. In this study, we focus on measles as a challenging case study due to its high vaccination coverage, which leads to smaller outbreaks and potentially weaker signals on Google Trends. Our research aimed to explore the feasibility of using Google Trends for real-time monitoring of infectious disease outbreaks. We evaluated the correlation between Google Trends searches and clinical case data using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient across 30 European countries and Japan. The results revealed that Google Trends was most suitable for monitoring acute disease outbreaks at the regional level in high-income countries, even when there are only a few weekly cases. For example, from 2017 to 2019, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.86 (p-value< 0.05) at the prefecture level for Okinawa, Japan, versus 0.33 (p-value< 0.05) at the national level for Japan. Furthermore, we found that the Pearson correlation coefficient may be more suitable than Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for evaluating the correlations between Google Trends search data and clinical case data. This study highlighted the potential of utilizing Google Trends as a valuable tool for timely public health interventions to respond to infectious disease outbreaks, even in the context of diseases with high vaccine coverage.
Distractor inhibition by alpha oscillations is controlled by an indirect mechanism governed by goal-relevant information
Authors: Jensen Ole
Published: April 2024

The role of alpha oscillations (8–13 Hz) in cognition is intensively investigated. While intracranial animal recordings demonstrate that alpha oscillations are associated with decreased neuronal excitability, it is been questioned whether alpha oscillations are under direct control from frontoparietal areas to suppress visual distractors. We here point to a revised mechanism in which alpha oscillations are controlled by an indirect mechanism governed by the load of goal-relevant information – a view compatible with perceptual load theory. We will outline how this framework can be further tested and discuss the consequences for network dynamics and resource allocation in the working brain.
Functionalized graphene nanoplatelets: a promising adsorbent for solid-phase uranium extraction
Authors: Dressler Aline , Leydier Antoine , Grandjean Agnès
Published: April 2024

Promising GNP based materials for uranium extraction : Impact of the density of functional groups on the uranium capacities and selectivities versus iron and molybdenum in acidic solutions with high sulfate concentrations.
Peptide-appended perylene bisimide containing silver nanoparticle-based trihybrid system with GO: improvement of photocatalytic and photo-switching behaviour
Authors: Ghosh Purnadas , Hazra Soumyajit , Gayen Kousik , Hazra Niladri , Nandi Arun K. , Banerjee Arindam
Published: April 2024

We report the synthesis of a trihybrid system consisting of perylene bisimide appended peptide nanofibers, silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide nano-sheets. The trihybrid system is utilized as a photocatalyst for the reduction of carcinogenic Cr(vi) to non-toxic Cr(iii).
Efficient production of uniform gold nanoparticles via a streamlined low-cost, semi-automated, open-source platform
Authors: Chavva Suhash Reddy , San Juan Angela Michelle T. , Jaitpal Siddhant , Vu Ngoc Nhu , Mabbott Samuel
Published: April 2024

Nanosynth Mini is designed to synthesize gold nanospheres of varying sizes using semi-automated synthesis methods.
A novel dual near-infrared fluorescent probe for bioimaging and visualization of viscosity in acute alcoholic liver injury
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Zhou Xucong , Li Bingxue , Ding Ru , Han Jingqian , Wang Ying , Meng Aixia , Zhou Jin
Published: April 2024

A dual NIR fluorescent probe Cy-ND is developed for viscosity sensing with λex/em = 766/806 nm, and validated through DFT and TDDFT computations, which is used amidst acute alcohol-induced liver injury and liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Syntheses, crystal structures and properties of a series of isostructural lanthanide organic frameworks
Authors: Guan Ming-Xue , Li Hui-Zi , Li Shangda , Yang Han-Jiang , Wang Fei , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2024

We have successfully constructed nine isostructural Ln-MOFs with the formula Ln(L)1.5(H2O)2·H2O (1-Ce, 2-Dy, 3-Eu, 4-Gd, 5-Ho, 6-Nd, 7-Pr, 8-Sm, and 9-Tb) wherein the dihydroxy groups did not participate in coordination.
Graphitic carbon nitride supported Ni–Co dual-atom catalysts beyond Ni1(Co1) single-atom catalysts for hydrogen production: a density functional theory study
Authors: He Yue , Chen Furui , Zhou Gang
Published: April 2024

If and only if with the partial adsorption of H, Ni–Co/gh-C3N4 DACs exhibit good hydrogen production activity, far beyond Ni1(Co1)/gh-C3N4 SACs, which would be predicted to be a potential hydrogen evolution catalyst with high cost-effectiveness.
Thermal properties of novel phase change materials based on protic ionic liquids containing ethanolamines and stearic acid for efficient thermal energy storage
Authors: Mokhtarpour Masumeh , Rostami Ali , Shekaari Hemayat , Zarghami Armin , Faraji Saeid
Published: April 2024

In the field of energy harvesting, phase change materials (PCMs) hold great promise.
Silicon nanowire/ionic hydrogel-based hybrid moist-electric generators with enhanced voltage output and operational stability
Authors: Duan Wenjing , Shao Beibei , Wang Zhiqi , Ni Kun , Liu Shanfei , Yuan Xianrong , Wang Yusheng , Sun Baoquan , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Ruiyuan
Published: April 2024

An organic–inorganic hybrid moist-electric generator outputs a voltage of 1.28 V and retains 60% of the peak performance after 800 hours’ operation.
Electrochemical urea production using carbon dioxide and nitrate: state of the art and perspectives
Authors: Muhyuddin Mohsin , Zuccante Giovanni , Mustarelli Piercarlo , Filippi Jonathan , Lavacchi Alessandro , Elbaz Lior , Chen Yu-Han , Atanassov Plamen , Santoro Carlo
Published: April 2024

The minireview highlights recent developments in designing electrocatalysts for the co-reduction of CO2 and nitrates into urea. It also discusses advanced detection methods for intermediates and final products, as well as future research prospects.
Biocatalytic asymmetric ring-opening of meso-epoxides to enantiopure cyclic trans-β-amino alcohols involving a key amine transaminase
Authors: Zhang Jingqi , Gao Hang , Gao Lili , Chen Mengyi , Huang Shuangping , Zhang Jiandong
Published: April 2024

Biocatalytic asymmetric ring-opening of meso-epoxides to chiral cyclic β-amino alcohols with good conversions and excellent enantioselectivity.
Deploying used solid carbon dioxide to assist graphite exfoliation
Authors: Lamba Nicky Kumar , Choudhary Pawan , Kaushik Jaidev , Tripathi Kumud Malika , Choudhary Shyam Kumar , Sonkar Sumit Kumar
Published: April 2024

Herein, we describe the possibility of deploying used solid CO2, also known as dry ice, as an exfoliating agent for thermal-assisted exfoliation of graphite, improving its surface and magnetic properties.
Rational design of a low-cost, simple technology and high-performance CoNi/Co3O4 as a catalyst in sodium borohydride electro-oxidation reaction
Authors: Liu Kaixuan , Lu Borong , Cui Ronghang , Yin Jinling , Zhu Kai , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Ye Ke
Published: April 2024

We present a simple self-supporting catalyst containing CoNi nanosheets grown on Co3O4 electrodes. In the DBHPFC test, it has a maximum power density of 108.5 mW cm−2, an open circuit potential of 1.8 V, and good operating stability.
Skyrmion lattice formation and destruction mechanisms probed with TR-SANS
Authors: Liyanage W. L. N. C. , Tang Nan , Dally Rebecca L. , Quigley Lizabeth J. , Buchanan C. Charlotte , Shu Guo-Jiun , Butch Nicholas P. , Krycka Kathryn , Bleuel Markus , Borchers Julie A. , Debeer-Schmitt Lisa , Gilbert Dustin A.
Published: April 2024

Ordering kinetics of magnetic skyrmion lattices are investigated using time resolved small angle neutron scattering. Measurements reveal ordering occurs over 10–100 ms, which is unusually long for magnetic behavior.
Biosynthesis of the bacterial antibiotic 3,7-dihydroxytropolone through enzymatic salvaging of catabolic shunt products
Authors: Höing Lars , Sowa Sven T. , Toplak Marina , Reinhardt Jakob K. , Jakob Roman , Maier Timm , Lill Markus A. , Teufel Robin
Published: April 2024

The biosynthesis of the bacterial antibiotic dihydroxytropolone was reconstituted in vitro starting from a catabolic shunt product. The involved key flavoprotein monooxygenase TrlE was further structurally and mechanistically characterized.
Contracted porphyrins and calixpyrroles: synthetic challenges and ring-contraction effects
Authors: Watanabe Keita , Pati Narendra Nath , Inokuma Yasuhide
Published: April 2024

This perspective summarizes recent advances in synthetic strategies and insights into ring contraction effects on ring-contracted porphyrin-related macrocycles, including subporphyrins, triphyrins(2.1.1), and calix[3]pyrroles.
Nickel/photoredox-catalyzed three-component silylacylation of acrylates via chlorine photoelimination
Authors: Koo Yejin , Hong Sungwoo
Published: April 2024

By leveraging the synergistic interplay between nickel and photoredox catalysis, we have developed a three-component silylacylation strategy for various acrylates, yielding valuable building blocks with carbonyl and silicon functionalities.
Macroalgae-based biochar: preparation and characterization of physicochemical properties for potential applications
Authors: Mondal Anjon Kumar , Hinkley Cora , Krishnan Lakshmi , Ravi Nandhini , Akter Farjana , Ralph Peter , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan
Published: April 2024

In this study, we selected five macroalgae species and employed a pyrolysis technique to convert biomass into biochar.
Survey of research on confidential computing
Authors: Feng Dengguo , Qin Yu , Feng Wei , Li Wei , Shang Ketong , Ma Hongzhan
Published: April 2024

As the global data strategy deepens and data elements accelerate integrating and flowing more rapidly, the demand for data security and privacy protection has become increasingly prominent. Confidential computing emerges as a crucial security technology to solve security and privacy problem, and it is also a hot subject of in contemporary security technologies. Leveraging collaborative security in both hardware and software, it builds a trusted execution environment to ensure confidentiality and integrity protection for data in use. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development process of confidential computing, summarizing its current research status and issues, which focuses on the security requirements for data security and privacy protection. Furthermore, it deeply analyses the common technical features of confidential computing, and proposes a trusted confidential computing architecture based on collaborative hardware and software trust. Then, it elaborates on the research status and issues of confidential computing from four aspects: hardware security, architecture and key technologies, applications, and standards and evaluation. Finally, this paper provides a synthesis and outlook for the future development of confidential computing. In summary, confidential computing is currently in a rapidly developing stage and will play an important role in cyber security in the future.
Hierarchical optimal dispatching method of transmission system operators‐distribution system operators cooperated integrated energy system considering gas‐thermal equivalence model
Authors: Zhou Suyang , Du Shixiang , Gu Wei , Pei Rui , Wu Xinhong , Wang Zerong
Published: April 2024

The integrated energy system (IES) is moving towards the large‐scale cooperation between transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO) with the coupling of electricity, heating, and gas networks. The conventional optimization method is not time‐efficient for solving such a large‐scale problem when taking account of the cooperation of TSO‐DSO of the IES. To solve such a problem, this paper proposed a hierarchical optimization framework for TSO‐DSO cooperated IES. To further improve the computation efficiency, the equivalent models of heating and gas system that retain the heating inertia characteristic and gas pipe storage characteristic are presented. A computation method for the TSO‐DSO cooperated IES is also proposed from the hierarchical distributed optimization perspective. The case study confirms the efficacy of the proposed gas‐thermal equivalent model in significantly enhancing computational speed. Furthermore, the proven effectiveness of the hierarchical distributed optimization approach in leveraging the full potential of flexible resources in transmission and distribution systems while safeguarding internal information privacy enables the development of robust dispatching strategies for each system.
Modified geomorphic flood index (GFI) using land use parameter and effective rainfall ratio at Cikapundung River
Authors: Ferdiansyah Asep , Nugroho Eka Oktariyanto , Riawan Edi , Soeharno Agung Wiyono Hadi , Rivandi Aditya , Farid Mohammad , Kuntoro Arno Adi , Nazhif Asziola Asyrafli , Mostafa Mona Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

To determine the flood inundation area requires hydrological data and measurements of river cross sections. Those data are very limited and expensive. The Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI) can be used to identify the initial potential for inundation of an area. Until now, the GFI method only uses Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and the return period cannot be known. GFI is then modified by using topographic, rainfall and land use maps to determine the potential flood inundation for each return period. Based on the results of the GFI analysis with an n value of 0.31, the result of flood inundation is quite close to the hydraulic approach with a return period of 100 years. To find out the inundation of floods in other periods (2 years to 50 years), it is necessary to modify the GFI by entering the weight in the analysis of the flow accumulation. The results of the modified GFI flood inundation show that the smaller the return period, the lower the flood height and the reduced flood inundation area in the affected areas. Thus, the GFI approach is still good enough for initial estimates in determining flood inundation with quick analysis and lower costs.
Website-based library employee performance application: Efforts to secure annual work targets and evidence of performance
Authors: Suroto  , Rahaju Pudji , Widyati Diana , Ramadhani Humayyun Nabila , Fanani Muhammad Zaki Jauhar
Published: April 2024

Almost every office needed work support applications. However, it is not easy to make the most suitable, because each office is generally unique. In this study, the waterfall method was used to create a website-based application that was adapted to job characteristics and the number of employees in a college library. As a result, an application has been developed called the Employee Daily Performance Application (AKHP) of the Higher Education Library which contains 8 main menus and is proven to be usable and makes it easy to secure targets and proof of performance.
Challenges and opportunities to develop the method of joining dissimilar material aluminium-steel by using Rotational Friction Welding (RFW)
Authors: Rasyid Akhmad , Hidayatullah Rachmat , Adiwibowo Priyo , Siregar Indra
Published: April 2024

The combination of the lightweight AL 6061 and high-strength steel SWRM 1008 is utilized by the industrial sector, including the automotive industry to make bumper reinforcement. The properties of AL 6061 and SWRM 1008 steel have specific differences so an appropriate welding method is needed. This is a challenge and an opportunity for its application in the future. Rotational friction welding (RFW) is one of several welding processes that can be applied to join AL 6061 with SWRM 1008 and furthermore, the welding is environmental. The occurrence of diffusion between AL 6061 and SWRM 1008 is influenced by the heating temperature and forging pressure. Due to different melting temperature the steel in this research has been preheated. Al 6061 has a lower melting temperature than SWRM 1008 and a male-female shape has been made so that excessive upset did not be overformed and the forging process ran optimally. The welding process used rotational friction welding between Al 6061 and SWRM 1008 with preheat temperature 3500C, rotational speed 800 rpm, friction pressure 2 Mpa, and forging pressure 3 Mpa. The results of the joining were then tested for tensile strength and micro-photos. The preheat to SWRM 1008 before the welding process causes softening of the aluminium surface immediately after contact. Excessive softening of the aluminium surface establishes an upset before diffusion occurs. IMC will form well under high shear stress and forging pressure. The welding process at low pressure obtained a connection tensile strength value of 65.2Mpa even though it had been preheated before welding took place. From this research, we can know if rotational friction welding gives opportunities to join the AL 6061 with SWRM1008.
Educational virtual games in supporting SDG 4: Research trend in Scopus, Topic, and Novelty explored
Authors: Nisa’ Khoirun , Suprapto Nadi , Safitri Afaurina Indriana , Arymbekov Beken
Published: April 2024

Quality education is one of the aspects targeted for development by the SDGs points. Virtual game education is one of the tools used to achieve the goals emphasized by the SDGs. This research aims to identify trends and contributions of virtual game education (VGE) in education. This research uses bibliometric analysis techniques sourced from the Scopus database. The software used to visualize existing data is VosViewer. Over the past five years, research on VGE has been steady, peaking in 2022 with the most significant number of documents. VGE research increased from 2019 to 2022 but decreased in 2023. VGE research has been published as conference papers with Springer as publisher. Canada and the US are countries that have made significant contributions to this research. Ten dominant subjects impact education by developing digital learning media technology. The research uses a combined approach (quantitativequalitative) in the data analysis. These things are closely related to SDG point 4 (quality of education). Research on similar topics can be further developed using data other than Scopus, such as WOS and Citespace, as tools for more interesting visualization compared to VOSviewer.
Reducing food waste: How to stimulate purchase intention of expiration date-based priced?
Authors: Iriani Sri Setyo , Susilowati Christin , Nuswantara Dian Anita , Nugrohoseno Dwiarko , Run Pharatt , Junianta Reynaldi Dwi
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze how price consciousness and sale proneness influence consumers’ purchasing intentions for EDBP sold in supermarkets and minimarkets to reduce food waste due to unsold products. Research data was obtained using a convenience sampling approach to obtain respondents according to the criteria and an online questionnaire was used to obtain respondents’ answers. The research respondents were 342 consumers of EDBP at the Papaya supermarket. The research hypothesis was tested using the Structural Equation Model using AMOS. The results of this research prove empirically that price consciousness influences sale proneness. Other results show that price consciousness has no effect on purchase intentions and sale proneness has no effect on purchase intentions. This research uses a price awareness approach to examine how pricing strategies can play a role in reducing food waste which then influences the achievement of SDGs 12.
Trend of critical minerals utilization for Indonesia’s Sustainable Energy Transition: A review
Authors: Sasongko Nugroho Adi , Azmi Ulul , Murtiana Sri , Anda Martin
Published: April 2024

The European Union calculates supplies of essential minerals using an economic significance index, a supply risk index and an environmental risk index. The U.S. Geological Survey uses three indicators to assess critical mineral risks in the country: foreign ownership of mineral assets and activities, trade dependence, and indirect trade dependence. Indonesia has a history of strong mineral production, and new prospects in the critical minerals sector are developing rapidly. Positioned as a major producer of nickel, the main component of lithium-ion batteries used in electric cars. This supports technological innovation that can improve infrastructure and support sustainable development, which is in line with SDG 9. Indonesia is increasing its capacity to produce other important minerals, such as rare earth elements and cobalt, in addition to nickel production. This research uses the literature study method. The aim is to review the development of essential minerals towards sustainable development.
Needs analysis of students’ mental model representation through visualisation to support SDGs 4: A preliminary study
Authors: Amiruddin Mohd Zaidi Bin , Samsudin Achmad , Suhandi Andi , Suliyanah  , Costu Bayram , Purwanto Muhammad Guntur
Published: April 2024

The development of strong cognitive abilities through education and training is an important aspect of achieving the various SDG targets. In science learning, cognitive psychology is often ignored even though it contributes to learning. This research aims to conduct a needs analysis through a preliminary study related to students’ mental models in visualization. Qualitative descriptive was used in this study by describing in detail the answers in the form of graphs interpreted by students on the given question sheet. A total of ten questions were given with three sub-materials of straight motion. The results of this study present that students’ mental model instantiation is classified as very poor because it is dominated by the initial category for the three sub-matters, respectively 49% (sub-1), 84% (sub-2), and 94% (sub-3). This states that the category of students’ mental models reflects incomplete and unscientific depictions and there are even blank answers. Therefore, further research is needed to evaluate and improve students’ mental models to support sustainable education.
Postcolonial performativity analysis and its relation to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Southeast Asian BL-themed short movies
Authors: Mustofa Ali , Kusumaningtyas Dwi NCS , Fitriana Ephrilia Noor , Adelia Silvy C.
Published: April 2024

This study looks at how sex, love, and gender are portrayed in Southeast Asian boys-love (BL)-themed short films. In the popular Japanese subgenre known as “boys love,” male characters are explored in their romantic and frequently sexual interactions. But Southeast Asia, where the genre has a devoted following, has seen a substantial increase in its appeal. Understanding how sex, love, and gender are portrayed within this cultural framework is the main goal of this study. To evaluate a variety of Southeast Asian boys who enjoy short films, the research draws on a multimodal analysis which conforms multidisciplinary model of analysis. Departing from queer studies and postcolonial performativity, this study employs careful analysis on the issues of sex, love, and gender between young men in different contexts of region such as Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The results of this study add to the body of knowledge on boys’ love and shed light on the distinctive cultural characteristics of Southeast Asian countries. This research offers insight into the negotiating of cultural norms and expectations within the setting of romantic and sexual interactions by looking at how sex, love, and gender are represented in these short films. The study also looks at how these films could contradict or support regional gender norms and conventional roles. In the end, this study seeks to deepen a comprehension of the relationship between sex, love, and gender in Southeast Asian boys’ short movies and its possible ramifications for more general understanding on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The effect investigates of temperature on the optical and electrical properties of sprayed SnS: experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Nouri Youssef , Hartiti Bouchaib , Ziti Ahmed , Batan Abdelkrim , Labrim Hicham , Belfhaili Amine , Fadili Salah , Tahri Mounia , Thévenin Philippe
Published: April 2024

In this study, Tin monosulfide SnS semiconductor absorbers was deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis route on the glass substrate. We examined the impact of substrate temperature on the structural, morphological, linear optical and electrical characteristics of SnS absorber at many substrate temperatures such as 50 °C, 375 °C and 400 °C. The SnS films have been analysed by diverse techniques like X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed that the SnS crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal system with the apparition of the preferential crystallographic direction oriented along (111) planes. The SEM micrographs indicate a great uniformity and granular morphological surface of SnS films. Linear optical constants such as energy gap (Eg), coefficient of extinction (k), index of refraction (n), optical conductivity (σopt), as well as the electrical properties confirm the suitable application of SnS thin films as absorber layer in the optoelectronic device applications. Additionally, we have applied the density functional theory DFT and GGA generalized gradient approximation to study the electronic characteristics; as a result of the electronic band structure the SnS absorber has a suitable energy gap.
Cercles de qualité pédagogique (CQP) : une recherche-action visant à optimiser la formation des cliniciens enseignants en cabinet
Authors: Pereira Miozzari Anne Catherine , Sader Julia , Gillabert Cédric , Bideau Martine , Meynard Anne , Paschoud Anca , Diana Alessandro , Sommer Johanna , Rieder Arabelle , Audétat Marie Claude
Published: April 2024

Contexte et problématique : Les stages en cabinet privé de médecine de famille offrent l’opportunité aux étudiants de développer les compétences nécessaires à la prise en charge ambulatoire. Les cliniciens enseignants qui accueillent les étudiants au sein de leur cabinet (CEC) doivent développer des outils pédagogiques spécifiques pour faire face aux difficultés rencontrées lors des supervisions. Ils peuvent ainsi participer à la formation de la relève médicale dans le domaine de la médecine de famille tout en développant une posture pédagogique qui les aidera dans la gestion de leur double rôle de clinicien et enseignant. Les programmes de formation pédagogique des cliniciens doivent s’adapter aux réalités de leur pratique. En effet, l’activité clinique en cabinet implique des contraintes de temps et de structure entraînant des conséquences sur la forme et le contenu de l’enseignement qui y est délivré. Objectif : Rapporter le processus et les résultats d’une démarche de recherche-action visant à élaborer un programme de formation visant à mieux répondre aux besoins pédagogiques des cliniciens-enseignants en cabinet accueillant dans leur cabinet des étudiants en troisième année de master pendant leur mois de stage. Méthodes : Deux équipes (recherche en éducation médicale et formation pédagogique) de l’Institut de médecine de famille et de l’enfance de la Faculté de médecine, à Genève, Suisse, ont développé un modèle de formation destiné aux cliniciens enseignants accueillant dans leur cabinet les étudiants de dernière année d’études de médecine, en tenant compte des spécificités de ce contexte d’enseignement et en mettant en commun leurs savoirs et expériences selon une méthodologie inspirée des principes de la recherche action collaborative. Résultats : La mise à l’essai de ce nouveau modèle de formation s’est heurtée à la réalité pandémique, obligeant les différents acteurs – cliniciens, formateurs et chercheurs – à s’adapter aux nouvelles contraintes et limites. Depuis 2023, ce modèle de formation est toujours d’actualité ; il s’enrichit au fur et à mesure de sa pratique, il est apprécié des participants et constitue désormais la pierre angulaire du programme de formation continue pédagogique des cliniciens enseignants en cabinet. Conclusion : Les cercles de qualité pédagogique apportent aux CEC des outils pédagogiques centrés sur leurs besoins directement applicables sur leur terrain d’enseignement et ce, malgré les distances sociales.
Morbus Osgood-Schlatter – eine häufige Knieerkrankung bei aktiven
Heranwachsenden
Authors: Guldhammer Vad Clara
Published: April 2024

Viele Eltern jugendlicher Sportler fürchten M. Osgood-Schlatter. Das ist verständliche, denn nicht selten
werden die Beschwerden chronisch und beenden vorzeitig die sportliche Laufbahn Heranwachsender. Umso
wichtiger, dass Physiotherapeuten die Ursachen, mögliche Komplikationen und geeignete Maßnahmen kennen,
um Betroffenen die Rückkehr zum Sport zu ermöglichen.
Transition bei der Sichelzellkrankheit – Empfehlungen der Transitionsinitiative Sichelzellkrankheit
Authors: Böll Janine , Alashkar Ferras , Aramayo-Singelmann Carmen , Hoferer Anette , Jarisch Andrea , Kamal Haytham , Oevermann Lena , Schwarz Michaela , Cario Holger
Published: April 2024

Die Sichelzellkrankheit (SCD) stellt eine seltene, aber äußerst komplexe, multisystemische Erkrankung dar, die eine umfassende interdisziplinäre und spezialisierte Versorgung und daher neue strukturelle Voraussetzungen erfordert. Neben der Versorgung dieser chronisch kranken Patienten stellt insbesondere der Transitionsprozess eine vulnerable Phase, mit maßgebendem Einfluss auf die weitere Behandlung, dar. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass fast ausschließlich Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund betroffen sind – mit häufigen Verständigungs- und Verständnisschwierigkeiten. Ein nationaler Leitfaden für einen standardisierten Prozess der Transition von Sichelzell-Patienten liegt bislang in Deutschland nicht vor. Im Rahmen eines strukturierten Konsensusprozesses entwickelte die „Transitionsinitiative Sichelzellkrankheit“ auf Basis der S3-Leitlinie zur Transition der DGfTM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Transitionsmedizin e. V.) spezifische Empfehlungen für eine strukturierte Transition von SCD-Patienten. Diese sollen den vulnerablen Prozess bei dieser komplexen Erkrankung erleichtern, die adäquate Weiterbehandlung sichern und damit krankheitsspezifische akute und chronische Komplikationen, aber auch psychische, soziale, berufliche und gesellschaftliche Probleme verhindern. Neben der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, der medizinischen Versorgung und des Überlebens ergeben sich daraus auch relevante gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte. Zur Unterstützung des Prozesses wurden Dokumente entwickelt (u. a. Fragebögen zur Transitionsbereitschaft, detaillierte Transitionsepikrise), die, wie auch zusätzliche allgemeine Informationen zur Transition bei SCD, unter https://www.sichelzellkrankheit.info/transition/ zu finden sind.
Eisensupplementation bei Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankung: Empfehlungen zur praxisnahen Vorgehensweise
Authors: Stratmann Katharina , Hentschel Viktoria , Zeuzem Stefan , Blumenstein Irina , Klaus Jochen
Published: April 2024

Der Eisenmangel ist die vorherrschende Ursache einer Anämie. Vor allem bei Patienten mit einer chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankung (CED) spielt die Eisenmangelanämie eine große Rolle und stellt die häufigste extraintestinale Manifestation und CED-assoziierte systemische Komplikation dar. Das Vorliegen einer Anämie führt bei Patienten mit einer CED zu einer Reduktion der Lebensqualität und ist assoziiert mit Einschränkungen der körperlichen, emotionalen und kognitiven Funktion. Darüber hinaus geht sie mit einer erhöhten Hospitalisierungsrate einher. Aus diesem Grund ist die Eisensupplementation von besonderer Bedeutung. Zur Behandlung des Eisenmangels werden orale und intravenöse Eisenpräparate verwendet. Aufgrund mangelnder Resorptionsfähigkeit und gastrointestinalen Nebenwirkungen der oralen Substitution rückt die intravenöse Supplementierung immer mehr in den Vordergrund. Gegenüber der intravenösen Verabreichung bestehen allerdings immer noch gewisse Bedenken.

Mithilfe dieses Reviews wollen wir das Thema der Eisensubstitution bei Patienten mit einer CED aufgreifen, gegenwärtige Leitlinienempfehlungen diesbezüglich zusammenfassen, sowie eine praxisnahe Vorgehensweise an die Hand geben.