bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Classroom Teacher-Student Interaction Characteristics and STEM Teaching Models on Student Creativity
Authors: Zhong Shuxia
Published: June 2024

Schools worldwide are increasingly focusing on cultivating students' creative thinking due to the growing demand for creative talents. However, traditional education methods may not be effective in fostering creativity. This study uses literature research to investigate the impact of teacher-student interaction and STEM teaching models on student creativity. Research has shown that teacher-student interaction, specifically emotional support, teaching support, and classroom management, can have a positive impact on students' creativity during the learning process. Additionally, the STEM teaching mode has been found to enhance creative thinking to some extent. STEM education has a significant impact on enhancing creative thinking. It focuses on cross-disciplinary integration, stimulating students' innovative thinking and problem-solving abilities by guiding them to engage in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. In the STEM classroom, students are required to integrate knowledge from various disciplines to solve problems. This interdisciplinary approach helps to break down traditional disciplinary boundaries and broaden students' cognitive horizons.
Exploring the Multifaceted Dimensions of Mental Health Stigma: Culture, Religion, and Healthcare Institutions
Authors: Zhong Bingyan
Published: June 2024

Background: The stigma against mental illness has attracted more and more attention in various fields in recent years, especially its impact on the willingness of stigmatized subjects to seek help. Most studies examine the underlying factors, such as cultural factors, the influence of mental health institutions, and the impact on the stigmatized target. Methods: This study reviews the literature on the association between the three characteristics and the stigma associated with mental illness and discusses future research potential regarding the study's limitations. Through in-depth analysis and understanding of the literature in the past five years, the present study summarized the different degrees and manifestations of stigma in different cultural backgrounds, the impact of health institutions on stigma, and the impact of stigma on the stigmatized objects. Results: Stigma has varying degrees of impact on the stigmatized person's willingness to seek help, self-esteem, and life efficacy, and may even increase the risk of suicide. In addition, staff working in mental health facilities may also experience external stigma. Compared with Western individualistic cultures, Eastern collectivistic cultures have a stronger stigma towards mental illness, which is also related to patients' low willingness to seek help. Diagnosis of mental health institutions may lead to increased stigma as well. However, these studies still have certain limitations, and future studies can be improved through longitudinal studies and better control of factors such as popularization of mental illness.
Gender Bias in the Workplace: Definition, Forms, Influence and Solutions
Authors: Wang Shengbo
Published: June 2024

This article offers a comprehensive exploration of gender bias within the Chinese workplace, addressing its definition, manifestations, impacts, and proposed solutions. Gender bias presents itself through various channels, encompassing wage disparities, unequal opportunities, limited career progression, and diminished job satisfaction. These biases not only detrimentally affect individuals' mental well-being and professional advancement but also impede organizational performance, innovation, and reputation. Furthermore, they pose significant challenges to a nation's economic prosperity and social harmony. Given the pervasive nature and far-reaching consequences of gender bias, it becomes imperative to undertake a series of concerted measures aimed at its reduction and eventual elimination. These measures encompass the establishment of clear and unequivocal policies and procedures, provision of comprehensive employee training and education, implementation of fair and transparent recruitment and promotion mechanisms, the establishment of robust feedback channels supplemented by counseling services, cultivation of a workplace culture that actively supports gender equality, promotion of diverse leadership teams, and facilitation of government policies conducive to gender parity. Through collaborative and collective efforts, a more equitable and inclusive work environment can be fostered, thereby fostering the mutual development and progress of individuals, businesses, and society at large. By prioritizing gender equality initiatives, we lay the groundwork for a fairer and more prosperous society, wherein the talents and contributions of all individuals are recognized, valued, and rewarded equitably.
Avoidant Personality Disorder: A Review of Features, Performances, and Treatments
Authors: Zhou Ningzhi
Published: June 2024

Past study of avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) cannot compare with other disorders or even its close relative-social anxiety disorder (SAD). What lies in the contrary is the high prevalence of AVPD. The overlap criteria AVPD owns with SAD and dependent personality disorder makes it more difficult in the diagnosis of AVPD. Moreover, the inseparable idea of SAD and AVPD since 1980s highly infect subsequent research of AVPD, causing no target treatment for it. Therefore, the author feels psychiatrists need to rebuild their perspective towards AVPD, instead of treating it as a subsidiary for other disorders. This article reviews current and past literature about AVPD, attempting to summarize features, performances, and treatments of AVPD on the existing basis. In performance aspect, the authors cite high education might be a possible feature of AVPD which is unique among other disorders. The author also tries to introduce attachment theory in the treatment of AVPD and emphasize the promising future of mindfulness therapy. The breakthrough finding of the difference between AVPD and SAD has been found, but no further research has been done unfortunately. This indicates a serious issue of AVPD's study - lack of continuity. More intensive, wide range and specific research of AVPD is needed. AVPD might be despised for its less severe comparing with other disorders but should not be keeping ignore if it is a high prevalence and long-term disorder unresolved.
Phobia Anxiety Disorder: Etiology of Phobia
Authors: Chang Xinyi
Published: June 2024

It has been thousands of years since psychology has been researched, but with the clearer distinguishment and conception, there are still many debates and confusion between psychologists to be clarified. Fear, as one of the most common emotion of people, have anyone think about the cause for the chilling feeling for their difficulties in facing the situations or objects? There are much debate of what is the leading cause for the intense fear generated by people which is deemed as a disorder and needed experiences in the past to conclude and summarize. This article mainly talks about phobia anxiety disorder, including its symptoms, categories, diagnoses and treatments. The author would discuss on the cause for different types of phobia disorder and give conclusions based on some studies. In this article, the author is going to select three of the most common types of phobia, that are social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia, and analysis the cause for phobia. The author states in the conclusion that though most psychologists deem that causes for phobia would be conditioning due to past experiences, genetic relationships can also be part of the reasons for phobia. With different specific kind of phobia, the influence of genetic relationships would be clear as well. Through discovering the etiology, it may be more convenient for psychologists to identify cases of individuals and improve the efficiency of diagnosis of phobia disorders, which is also beneficial to the mental health of patients.
An Analysis of the Etiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hu Kexin
Published: June 2024

This paper provided a comprehensive overview of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a severe mental health condition after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. PTSD is marked by persistent, distressing recollections of the traumatic incident, which includes flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, along with uncontrollable thoughts about the event. This paper discussed the various etiology, manifestation and treatments associated with PTSD. Key symptoms are outlined, aligning with the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis. Treatment options, including psychotherapy and medication, are explored, alongside the challenges faced in treatment accessibility and effectiveness. Additionally, this paper delves into emerging research in PTSD, exploring new therapeutic approaches and
future directions in understanding and managing the disorder. This overview aims to shed light on the complexities of PTSD, advocating for increased awareness and support for those affected by this challenging mental health condition. Future studies should delve into the mechanisms of PTSD and try developing more effective therapies
A General Overview on How Brain Mechanisms, Environmental Factors, and Personality Traits Affect the Development of Drug Addiction and Substance Abuse
Authors: Jiang Meizhu
Published: June 2024

It is currently recognized that drug addiction is a brain disease brought on by substance usage, which modifies the biochemistry and structure of the brain and has multifaceted behavioral repercussions on those who abuse drugs. This article aims to discuss the biological, environmental, and personality factors that contribute to drug addiction by overviewing the brain mechanisms behind initial motivation and subsequent reinforcement of persistent drug use, as well as how environmental variables and personal traits affect individuals experimenting with drugs. Early drug addiction can be attributed to an innate reward circuit called the mesolimbic pathway. While subsequence craving is sustained by synaptic plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. Trauma histories, social norms and social networks, and early drug exposure due to family members' experiences with drug use can all serve as triggers for drug use. However, under specific conditions, some of these variables can also have the reverse effect, averting substance usage in the first place. Studies have found a correlation between drug abuse and personality disorders, and there are shared characteristics in the personalities of addicts, it is still impractical to say for sure whether a particular personality disorder is a root cause of drug addiction, and more research needs to be done.
Narcissistic personality disorder: A general review
Authors: Chen Rong
Published: June 2024

Narcissistic personality disorder is a severance mental health issue, and affect person from both biological and social aspects. The article reviewed the latest international researches about the etiology, subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder, and related treatment strategies of narcissistic personality disorder. Narcissistic personality disorder is defined by an inflated self-importance, eagerness for admiration, and lack of compassion. It encompasses two subtypes, grandiose and vulnerable. Impact of narcissism on individuals' self-esteem, Self Control was examined through reviewing prior research on Chinese population. Moreover, correlation between parenting style, narcissistic personality and parent child relationship was also discussed. The result revealed that the formation of narcissistic personality disorder was influenced by environmental and social factors. Long-term psychological therapy is the main treatment for narcissistic personality disorder. Medication is not a primary treatment option, and certain antidepressants may exacerbate symptoms. The challenge and study directions have been identified in the end, abundant clinical trails on biological study of narcissistic personality disorder are needed, and the further researches on subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder are expected
A Study of Evolution of Film Marketing in the Digital Age
Authors: Xue Dingqi
Published: June 2024

At present, a significant share, up to 50% of the marketing budget, is spent on Internet and social media campaigns focusing on community involvement rather than mere content sharing. Social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram provide an open environment where teasers, behind-the-scenes content, polls, competitions, and content created by the user can be published daily, thus encouraging natural sharing. This research evaluates the changes that have occurred in cinema marketing techniques in the recent past due to social media and other emerging technologies. The research analyzes the use of short-form vertical video platforms like TikTok and Snapchat as marketing tools. Studios generate quick attention with mobile-friendly clips that are under 60 seconds long, resulting in circulation through hashtags and memes and collaboration with influencers. In this regard, the high value of social media influencers is considered because their apparent sincerity and emotional links with ardent followers can significantly increase the number of views and tickets bought. However, this carries risks such as losing control and the possibility of infection. Other emerging technologies, such as virtual, augmented, and artificial intelligence, are being analyzed as more engaging options. Finally, studying data-based individualized techniques is crucial for further development.
Structural Characterization, and Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Phylloxanthobilins in Tropaeolum majus, a Plant with Relevance in Phytomedicine
Authors: Frei Patricia , Nadegger Christian , Vollmar Angelika M. , Müller Thomas , Moser Simone
Published: June 2024

Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium) is a plant with relevance in phytomedicine, appreciated not only for its pharmaceutical activities, but also for its beautiful leaves and flowers. Here, we investigated the phytochemical composition of senescent nasturtium leaves. Indeed, we identified yellow chlorophyll catabolites, also termed phylloxanthobilins, which we show to contribute to the bright yellow color of the leaves in the autumn season. Moreover, we isolated and characterized the phylloxanthobilins from T. majus, and report the identification of a pyro-phylloxanthobilin, so far only accessible by chemical synthesis. We show that the phylloxanthobilins contribute to bioactivities of T. majus by displaying strong anti-oxidative effects in vitro and in cellulo, and anti-inflammatory effects as assessed by COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition, similar to other bioactive ingredients of T. majus, isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid.
Hence, phylloxanthobilins could play a role in the efficacy of T. majus in the treatment of urinary tract infections, an established indication of T. majus. With the results shown in this study, we aid in the completion of the phytochemical profile of T. majus by identifying additional bioactive natural products as relevant components of this medicinal plant.
Eine Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung reduziert langfristig die Tinnitusbelastung bei älteren Patienten
Authors: Issing Christian , Loth Andreas German , Sakmen Kenan Dennis , Pantel Johannes , Baumann Uwe , Stöver Timo
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Tinnitus gehört bei hochgradig schwerhörigen bzw. ertaubten Patienten zu den häufigsten otologischen Komorbiditäten. Das Cochlea-Implantat (CI) kommt vermehrt auch bei älteren Patienten zur Hörrehabilitation erfolgreich zum Einsatz. Ziel dieser Nachuntersuchung war die Beurteilung der Tinnitusbelastung im Langzeitverlauf bei älteren Patienten nach Hörrehabilitation mittels CI.

Material und Methode In diese prospektive longitudinale Untersuchung konnten 15 Patienten zwischen dem 72. und 92. Lebensjahr mit einem präoperativen unstillbaren Tinnitus eingeschlossen werden, die vor etwa 6 Jahren erstmalig unilateral mit einem CI versorgt wurden. Es erfolgte die Erhebung des Einsilbersprachverstehens sowie der Tinnitusbelastung mithilfe des Mini-Tinnitus-Fragebogens. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit unserer vorangegangenen Untersuchung 24, in der wir die ersten 6 Monate nach CI-Versorgung betrachteten, verglichen.

Ergebnisse Sechs Jahre postoperativ kam es zu einer nicht signifikanten Zunahme des Einsilbersprachverstehens auf 61,7±26,3%, verglichen mit den Ergebnissen 6 Monate postoperativ (p=0,069). Die Belastung durch den Tinnitus zeigte sich 6 Jahre postoperativ mit 3,9±3,6 Punkten im Mittel, verglichen mit der 6-Monats-Kontrolle, stabil niedrig (p=0,689) und deutlich reduziert zum präoperativen Status mit 6,9±6,5 Punkten (p=0,016).

Schlussfolgerung Die Hörrehabilitation mit CI führt bei älteren Menschen zu einer anhaltenden Verbesserung der Einsilberdiskrimination und zu einer langfristigen Reduktion der Tinnitusbelastung.
Langzeiteffekte von Stimmgutachten und Stimmtraining bei Lehramtsstudenten
Authors: Meuret Sylvia , Lemke Siegrun , Hentschel Bettina , Fuchs Michael
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Lehrer unterliegen lebenslang einer hohen stimmlichen Belastung und haben eine erhöhte Prävalenz, an einer Stimmstörung zu erkranken. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die langfristige Wirksamkeit des Stimmtrainings bei Lehramtsstudenten während ihres Berufslebens als Lehrer zu bewerten. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir die Beziehung zwischen stimmlichen Eignungstests und der stimmlichen Gesundheit der Lehrer.

Methoden In einer multizentrischen Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden 202 Lehrer (medianes Alter: 48 Jahre, 165 Frauen, 37 Männer) untersucht. Die Untersuchung bestand aus einer standardisierten Anamnese, Stimmleistungsdiagnostik, Laryngostroboskopie und Audiometrie. Die Probanden wurden als Fall gewertet, wenn mindestens 2 der folgenden Kriterien erfüllt waren: pathologischer videolaryngostroboskopischer Befund, pathologischer Stimmstatus, subjektive Stimmbeschwerden.

Ergebnisse 65/202 Lehrer wurden als Fälle gewertet. Im Vergleich der Gruppen waren die Fälle älter (p=0,001), arbeiteten häufiger an Grundschulen (p=0,008) und hatten mehr Probleme mit Reflux (p=0,002). 63,8% der Kontrollen hatten einen stimmlichen Eignungstest vor Aufnahme des Studiums absolviert, bei den Fällen 47,6% (p=0,031). In einer multivariaten Analyse zeigte sich eine OR von 1,6, eine Dysphonie zu entwickeln, wenn weder Stimmbildung noch eine Stimmeignungsprüfung im Studium stattgefunden hat.

Schlussfolgerung Viele Risikofaktoren, die mit einer Dysphonie im Lehrerberuf assoziiert sind, sind oft nur schwer oder gar nicht zu ändern. Die Stimmeignungsfeststellung und die Stimmbildung während des Studiums stellen eine Primärprävention berufsbedingter Dysphonien im Lehrerberuf dar.
Historical sensing: the spatial pattern of soundscape occurrences recorded in poems between the Tang and the Qing Dynasties amid urbanization
Authors: Lin Hanzheng , Wang Jia-Bing , Zhang Xuewei , Hu Fangbing , Liu Jiang , Hong Xin-Chen
Published: June 2024

Tapping urban and soundscape heritage in urban forests contributes to the conservation and utility of cultural heritage. However, urban heritage and soundscapes might be damaged by urban renewal and geological changes. Poems describing urban and soundscape heritage have been poorly researched due to the obscurity, fragmentation, and inaccessibility of historical materials. This study explores the tendencies of ancient poets toward poetized locales and soundscapes and investigates the present conservation of cultural heritage. This study uses historical sensing to assess the spatial information and auditory sensations about cultural heritage in poems through manual collation. Most of the sites in the poems are currently distributed in urban green spaces with good greenery conditions. These sites are mostly located in the downtown area (38.1%) and outskirts (38.1%) of Fuzhou and are well-preserved urban heritage sites. Generally, the poets preferred to describe birds chirping and visited sites with high forest coverage, such as mountains. The methodology of this study can provide a reference for other research on urban and soundscape heritage, helping with the excavation of natural culture and historical resource conservation in cities.
Silicon-loaded waveguide in sputter-deposited PZT-on-MgO platform for on-chip electro-optic applications
Authors: Suraj  , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar
Published: June 2024

In this article, we propose and demonstrate a thin film-sputtered PZT as a base for the development of Si photonic devices such as waveguides, MZI, and electro-optic modulators. We report the optimization of PZT on MgO (002) substrate to obtain a highly oriented PZT film (100) with a surface roughness of 2 nm. Si gratings are simulated for TE mode with an efficiency of −2.2 dB/coupler. The enhancement in the simulated overlap coefficient of 200% is observed in Si-on-PZT compared to the conventional PZT-on-SOI architecture. The fabricated Si gratings on PZT show a coupling efficiency of −10 dB/coupler and a 1 dB bandwidth of 14 nm for a TE Gaussian source. The DC electro-optic characterization for MZI (Si-on-PZT) shows a spectrum shift of 71 pm/V in the C-band compared to 14 pm/V obtained for PZT-on-SOI. The enhancement of 400% in experimental response is attributed to the improved electro-optic overlap as well as PZT film quality. Our proposed design can potentially be used for programmable photonic integrated circuits using an electronically tunable PZT thin film as well as in neural networks.
Orientation control of close-spaced sublimation processed Sb2S3 thin films for efficient and stable planar solar cells
Authors: Zhou Ru , Tang Bo , Xie Qiang , Wu Wentao , Wan Lei , Zelewski Szymon J. , Zhu Jun
Published: June 2024

Sb2S3 has attracted tremendous attention for sustainable thin film photovoltaics in recent years due to its excellent structural and optoelectronic properties. To employ this quasi-1D material for solar cells, the orientation control of Sb2S3 films is very important. In this Letter, we employ the scalable close-spaced sublimation (CSS) method to deposit favorable [hkl, l ≠ 0]-orientated and compact Sb2S3 films for efficient and stable solar cells. The insights into the growth mechanisms of Sb2S3 films are provided. The deposition rate is one of the key parameters in controlling the film orientation and morphology. Based on the desired film properties, which afford efficient charge transport and suppressed carrier recombination, the best-performing planar Sb2S3 solar cell yields an impressive power conversion efficiency of 4.09% without any modification strategies, which is the highest value for CSS-deposited Sb2S3 system. Moreover, the excellent indoor performance of 11.26% under 1000 lux light-emitting-diode illumination for Sb2S3 devices demonstrates the great potential of using Sb2S3 indoor photovoltaics to power the Internet of Things electronics.
Puffing/micro-explosion of two-liquid droplets: Effect of fuel shell composition
Authors: Antonov D. V. , Strizhak P. A. , Yanovskiy L. S.
Published: June 2024

Theoretical research into the heat and mass transfer, hydrodynamic and physicochemical processes in combustion chambers of gas turbine engines usually implies that multi-component jet fuels are modeled using single-component liquids (saturated or cyclic hydrocarbons) and their substitutes. Due to an insoluble dispersed phase (e.g., water) in their composition, droplets consist of a noncombustible core and a liquid fuel shell. During heating, water droplets coalesce in fuel droplets to produce explosion-triggering volumes of liquid superheated to the boiling point. When heated, these heterogeneous droplets breakup in the micro-explosion and puffing modes. This study reports the numerical simulation results providing the temporal characteristics of heating and evaporation of heterogeneous droplets until puffing/micro-explosive breakup, when varying the composition of the fuel shell in the homologous series of saturated and cyclic (as illustrated by monocycloparaffins) hydrocarbons from C7 to C16. The conducted research has revealed that the variations in the breakup delay times in the homologous series of saturated and cyclic hydrocarbons are nonlinear. The breakup delay rates were found to increase substantially in the boundary points of the investigated series. Mechanisms to control droplet fragmentation delay time were identified for different initial and boundary conditions. A dimensionless complex reflecting the correlation between the critical conditions of composite liquid droplet breakup and the physicochemical properties of the fuel shell components was proposed.
Ki67 deficiency impedes chromatin accessibility and BCR gene rearrangement
Authors: Ding Zhoujie , Hagan Maree , Yan Feng , Schroer Nick W.Y. , Polmear Jack , Good-Jacobson Kim L. , Dvorscek Alexandra R. , Pitt Catherine , O’Donnell Kristy , Nutt Stephen L. , Zotos Dimitra , McKenzie Craig , Hill Danika L. , Robinson Marcus J. , Quast Isaak , Koentgen Frank , Tarlinton David M.
Published: June 2024

The proliferation marker Ki67 has been attributed critical functions in maintaining mitotic chromosome morphology and heterochromatin organization during the cell cycle, indicating a potential role in developmental processes requiring rigid cell-cycle control. Here, we discovered that despite normal fecundity and organogenesis, germline deficiency in Ki67 resulted in substantial defects specifically in peripheral B and T lymphocytes. This was not due to impaired cell proliferation but rather to early lymphopoiesis at specific stages where antigen–receptor gene rearrangements occurred. We identified that Ki67 was required for normal global chromatin accessibility involving regulatory regions of genes critical for checkpoint stages in B cell lymphopoiesis. In line with this, mRNA expression of Rag1 was diminished and gene rearrangement was less efficient in the absence of Ki67. Transgenes encoding productively rearranged immunoglobulin heavy and light chains complemented Ki67 deficiency, completely rescuing early B cell development. Collectively, these results identify a unique contribution from Ki67 to somatic antigen–receptor gene rearrangement during lymphopoiesis.
Even-odd-layer-dependent symmetry breaking in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Subedi M M , Deng K , Flebus B , Sklenar J
Published: June 2024

In this work we examine synthetic antiferromagnetic structures consisting of two, three, and four antiferromagnetic coupled layers, i.e. bilayers, trilayers, and tetralayers. We vary the thickness of the ferromagnetic layers across all structures and, using a macrospin formalism, find that the nearest neighbor exchange interaction between layers is consistent across all structures for a given thickness of the ferromagnetic layer. Our model and experimental results demonstrate significant differences in how the static equilibrium states of even and odd-layered structures evolve as a function of the external field. Even layered structures continuously evolve from a collinear antiferromagnetic state to a spin canted non-collinear magnetic configuration that is mirror-symmetric about the external field. In contrast, odd-layered structures begin with a ferrimagnetic ground state; at a critical field, the ferrimagnetic ground state evolves into a non-collinear state with broken symmetry. Specifically, the magnetic moments found in the odd-layered samples possess stable static equilibrium states that are no longer mirror-symmetric about the external field after a critical field is reached.
A new point cloud simplification algorithm based on V-P container constraint and normal vector angle information entropy
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Weihua , Liu Lianglin , Li Jiuming , Lv Chao
Published: June 2024

Most point cloud simplification algorithms use k-order neighborhood parameters, which are set by human experience; thus, the accuracy of point feature information is not high, and each point is repeatedly calculated simultaneously. The proposed method avoids this problem. The first ordinal point of the original point cloud file was used as the starting point, and the same spatial domain was then described. The design method filters out points located in the same spatial domain and stores them in the same V-P container. The normal vector angle information entropy was calculated for each point in each container. Points with information entropy values that met the threshold requirements were extracted and stored as simplified points and new seed points. In the second operation, a point from the seed point set was selected as the starting point for the operation. The same process was repeated as the first operation. After the operation, the point from the seed point set was deleted. This process was repeated until the seed point set was empty and the algorithm ended. The simplified point set thus obtained was the simplified result. Five experimental datasets were selected and compared using the five advanced methods. The results indicate that the proposed method maintains a simplification rate of over 82% and reduces the maximum error, average error, and Hausdorff distance by 0.1099, 0.074, and 0.0062 (the highest values among the five datasets), respectively. This method has superior performance for single object and multi object point cloud sets, particularly as a reference for the study of simplified algorithms for more complex, multi object and ultra-large point cloud sets obtained using terrestrial laser scanning and mobile laser scanning.
Neural network aided extended Kalman filtering for inverse imaging of cardiac transmembrane potential
Authors: Ran Ao , Hu Shujin , Huang Xufeng , Quan Liuliu , Liu Muqing , Liu Huafeng
Published: June 2024

Objective. The aim of this study is to address the limitations in reconstructing the electrical activity of the heart from the body surface electrocardiogram, which is an ill-posed inverse problem. Current methods often assume values commonly used in the literature in the absence of a priori knowledge, leading to errors in the model. Furthermore, most methods ignore the dynamic activation process inherent in cardiomyocytes during the cardiac cycle. Approach. To overcome these limitations, we propose an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based neural network approach to dynamically reconstruct cardiac transmembrane potential (TMP). Specifically, a recurrent neural network is used to establish the state estimation equation of the EKF, while a convolutional neural network is used as the measurement equation. The Jacobi matrix of the network undergoes a correction feedback process to obtain the Kalman gain. Main results. After repeated iterations, the final estimated state vector, i.e. the reconstructed image of the TMP, is obtained. The results from both the final simulation and real experiments demonstrate the robustness and accurate quantification of the model. Significance. This study presents a new approach to cardiac TMP reconstruction that offers higher accuracy and robustness compared to traditional methods. The use of neural networks and EKFs allows dynamic modelling that takes into account the activation processes inherent in cardiomyocytes and does not require a priori knowledge of inputs such as forward transition matrices.
Calculation and design of GaAs quantum dot devices where the vibrational modes can be frozen out at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Stefanou G , Smith C G
Published: June 2024

We calculate how the frequencies of the vibrational modes in a free-standing GaAs bar are changed as a function of the bar’s geometrical features such as length, thickness and shape. After understanding the effect of the physical characteristics we add finger gates that will be used to define quantum dots on the bar and study the system as a function of the length of the suspended finger gates, and their material properties. Finally, we strengthen the bridges in order that the first vibrational modes occur at a temperature of 100 mK or more, so that all modes can be frozen out when operated in a dilution refrigerator.
Effects of strong capacitive coupling between meta-atoms in rf SQUID metamaterials
Authors: Cai Jingnan , Cantor Robin , Hizanidis Johanne , Lazarides Nikos , Anlage Steven M
Published: June 2024

We consider, for the first time, the effects of strong capacitive and inductive coupling between radio frequency superconducting quantum interference devices (rf SQUIDs) in an overlapping metamaterial geometry when driven by rf flux at and near their self-resonant frequencies. The equations of motion for the gauge-invariant phases on the Josephson junctions in each SQUID are set up and solved. Our model accounts for the high-frequency displacement currents through capacitive overlap between the wiring of SQUID loops. We begin by modeling two overlapping SQUIDs and studying the response in both the linear and nonlinear high-frequency driving limits. By exploring a sequence of more and more complicated arrays, the formalism is eventually extended to the

N
×
N
×
2

overlapping metamaterial array, where we develop an understanding of the many (

8

N
2

−
8
N
+
3

) resulting resonant modes in terms of three classes of resonances. The capacitive coupling gives rise to qualitatively new self-resonant responses of rf SQUID metamaterials, and is demonstrated through analytical theory, numerical modeling, and experiment in the 10–30 GHz range on capacitively and inductively coupled rf SQUID metamaterials.
Research of ultra-narrow band filters based on silicon nitride subwavelength grating used in terahertz detection techniques
Authors: Wang Wenliang , Liu Hanxin
Published: June 2024

As narrow-band pass filters are essential in terahertz(THz) applications, we present a ultra-narrow band filters based on silicon nitride subwavelength grating in this paper. Through rigorous coupled wave analysis, it can be seen that the main role of each structural factor or its influence on the spectral response characteristics are significantly different.Then, according to these laws, we get the design scheme by adjusting the structure factor of the subwavelength grating purposefully and pertinently. It can be seen from the results that the theoretical reflectance at 0.55 THz reaches 99.741%, and the half-peak frequency range is between −171MHz and +53 MHz. At the same time, the low sideband reflectance in the wide frequency band range of 0.2–0.8 THz indicates that the design can be used well for 0.55 THz signal in related THz detection technology.
Efficiency of non-identical double helix patterns in minimizing ropelength of torus knots
Authors: Kim Hyoungjun , Oh Seungsang , Huh Youngsik
Published: June 2024

The ropelength of a knotted string with volume is defined as the ratio of the length of its central curve to the radius of its sectional disc. In a physical context, achieving minimal ropelength corresponds to a state of minimal potential energy, and geometrically, it signifies a tightly-packed conformation. The quest to establish a connection between the topological complexity of knotted strings and their minimal ropelength has persisted into recent years. In this paper, we introduce a new upper bound on the minimal ropelength of (2, n)-torus knots and links: Rop(T(2, n)) ≤ 7.3163 Cr(T(2, n)) + 17.1657. This upper bound is derived from a torus knot conformation constructed based on a tightened pattern of double helix with non-identical radii of winding. A comparative analysis with conformations generated from a superhelix and a circular helix underscores the efficiency of the non-identical double helix pattern, particularly when it appears as a long repeated motif in knotted strings.
Effect of bismuth on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of iron matrix during drawing: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Chen Zhanwen , Wang Fazhan , Li Guangyuan , Fan Yuan , Li Pan , Liu Menghui , Wu Hong
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the effects of bismuth nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of single-crystal iron matrix materials during the drawing process using molecular dynamics methods, and also explores the effects of different drawing speeds and loading methods on the drawing process. The results show that the incorporation of bismuth nanoparticles has a significant effect on the axial drawing force, dislocation, shear strain and crystal evolution during the drawing process. When the bismuth nanoparticles started to deform under the action of drawing force, the atomic shear strain and crystal evolution were concentrated around them, which hindered the generation of dislocations and led to the reduction of their axial drawing force. In addition, the degree of atomic shear strain and crystal evolution increases with the increase of drawing speed, leading to work hardening of the material, and thus increasing the axial drawing force. Finally, when the loading mode is positioned at the rear end, shear strain becomes more concentrated around the bismuth nanoparticles, hindering dislocation generation and increasing the material’s hardness and axial drawing force. This study is important for understanding the mechanism of bismuth nanoparticles on the iron matrix of single-crystal during the drawing process.
Performance and mechanism of uranium (VI) removal from aqueous solution by zero-valent nickel@hollow glass particles (ZVNi@HGP)
Authors: Mingzhe Li , Zhang Yishuo , Xiaoyan Li
Published: June 2024

The zero-valent nickel@ hollow glass particles (ZVNi@HGP) were prepared by liquid phase reduction method and characterized with SEM, XRD and XPS. The morphological structure analysis revealed that HGP can effectively mitigate the agglomeration of ZVNi particles and improve the activity of the material. The removal efficiency of U(VI) by the ZVNi@HGP was examined through a series of single-factor experiments. The results showed that ZVNi@HGP had a good removal efficiency for U(VI), with the removal rate reached up to 98.15% at uranium concentration of 10 mg/l, solid–liquid ratio of 0.15 g L−1 and pH = 4.0. The adsorption isotherm model showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 423.33 mg/g for U(VI). The adsorption of U(VI) by ZVNi@HGP follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicates that the adsorption of U(VI) by ZVNi@HGP is predominantly a chemical process. Thermodynamics shows that the removal of uranium by ZVNi@HGP is spontaneous. The results of the study showed that HGP could reduce the agglomeration of ZVNi, so the removal ability of ZVNi@HGP was superior to that of ZVNi.
Comprehensive investigation of the atmospheric Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) for satellite imaging payloads: considering turbulence and aerosol effects over Tehran
Authors: Hosseini Hojat , Khoshsima Masoud
Published: June 2024

In the realm of remote sensing using satellite imagery, real-time and region-specific estimation of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is critical for assessing, designing, and selecting optimal payloads, channels, and imaging conditions. The variability of Earth’s atmosphere introduces uncertainties that complicate the development of a universally applicable MTF model, particularly challenging in urban areas that are prone to aerosol pollution and heat island effects. In this research, the atmosphere of the Tehran metropolitan area, which has not been extensively studied in terms of the MTF of overflying satellites, was investigated over five days in 2021 which were selected based on data availability and to cover a variety of different conditions. A general Small Angle Approximation (SAA) method is utilized to calculate the aerosol MTF, with Boundary Layer Heights (BLH) and Aerosol Layer Heights (ALH) validated against the literature, long-term observations, numerical models, and real-time observations. The turbulence MTF is calculated using a short-exposure isotropic Kolmogorov turbulence model. The refractive index structure parameter (C
n

2) is determined using the general HMNSP99 model due to the absence of an established and calibrated model for Tehran. The assumptions for the turbulence MTF model are selected to cover a wide range of practical and widely used satellites over Tehran, while the uncertainties in the radiosonde data are taken into account by employing Monte Carlo simulations to model the effective C
n

2 for Tehran. The results cover the effects of varieties in aerosol layer optical properties, particle types and size distribution, as well as variations in weather conditions and atmospheric state on the MTF and offer valuable insights for optimizing satellite imaging systems in urban atmospheric conditions and set the stage for further regional studies focused on enhancing image compensation and payload design.
Magnetization dynamics and domain reversal in electrodeposited permalloy thin films: impact of thickness and annealing treatment
Authors: Dev Kapil , Reddy V R , Medwal Rohit , Gupta Surbhi , Dong C L , Chen C L , Asokan K , Annapoorni S
Published: June 2024

The domain reversal and magnetization dynamics of electrodeposited permalloy (Fe20Ni80) thin films on conducting ITO/glass substrate was investigated using Magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy and ferromagnetic resonance. Permalloy thin films were electrodeposited with thickness ranging from 66 nm to 330 nm. Synchrotron XRD confirmed the deposited permalloy in FCC phase without any impurity. The squared hysteresis with very low coercivity (Hc ∼ 5 Oe) established soft magnetic nature of the films. Further, angular MOKE hysteresis measurements with simultaneous domain imaging revealed four-fold surface anisotropy in as-deposited film ensuing magnetization reversal via branched and ripple domains. The annealing treatment in Ar+H2 atmosphere removed surface anisotropy and renovated the magnetization reversal through 180° branched domains with rapid magnetization switching. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy discloses reduction in the gyromagnetic ratio (γ) as well as in Gilbert damping parameter (α) as the film thickness increases. The lowest Gilbert damping for 330 nm film measured at 0.022, which further reduced to 0.018 after annealing. The combination of rapid magnetization switching and low Gilbert damping in the electrodeposited permalloy thin films render them promising for implementation in high-frequency microwave devices devices and magnetic sensors.
Multi-channel switch and sensing applications based on multilayered annular graphene metamaterials at terahertz frequency
Authors: Yu Yuesi , Cui Zherui , Wen Kunhua , Lv Haopeng , Liu Wenjie , Zhang Ruiling , Liu Runming
Published: June 2024

In this study, a novel silica-graphene–silica periodic graphene structure consisting of six graphene semi-rings is proposed. The structure is based on a three-layer graphene metamaterial with a semicircular ring that achieves a tunable double plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect. In the proposed structure, the double-PIT window can be switched simultaneously at multiple frequencies through the dynamic tunability of graphene. Besides, the sensitivities of the refractive index for the PIT windows are investigated with the maximum values of 1.42 THz RIU−1 and 1.09 THz RIU−1, respectively, indicating the structure’s performance as a terahertz sensor. Overall, it shows the potential of PIT effect in graphene metamaterials in controlling electromagnetic field responses. It has made positive contributions to the development of terahertz technology and related fields.
Plasma rotation and diamagnetic drift effects on the resistive wall modes in the negative triangularity tokamaks
Authors: Zheng Linjin , Kotschenreuther M.T. , Waelbroeck F.L. , Austin M.E.
Published: June 2024

It was found previously that the negative triangularity (NT) configuration is more MHD-unstable for low n modes than the positive triangularity (PT) case, although the situation is reversed for intermediate n modes and the NT configuration becomes more stable for intermediate n modes (

n
=
3
−
10

) (Zheng et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion
61 116014). Here, n is the toroidal mode number. In this work, we extend the studies to include the rotation effects, as well as the diamagnetic drift effects, to see how the resistive wall modes (RWMs) in the NT configuration are affected as compared with the PT configuration. This is particularly motivated by noting that the wall interface with the plasma is quite different between the NT and PT configurations. It affects the plasma rotation and diamagnetic drift effects on the low n RWM. We consider the DIII-D-NT-experiment equilibrium reconstructed by the EFIT code. Based on the equilibrium g-file, the extended equilibria are constructed with the VMEC code by varying the beta values while keeping the pressure and poloidal current flux profiles basically unchanged. The bootstrap current contribution to the equilibria is taken into account with the Sauter formula. The MHD stability is then computed using the AEGIS code with the rotation and diamagnetic drift effects taken into account. We found that, although the NT configuration is less stable for n = 1 MHD modes, the rotation and diamagnetic drift stabilization effects on RWMs are more effective in the NT configuration than in the PT one. Note that even in the PT case, the stabilization of RWMs by the rotation and kinetic effects is critical. Because the low-n RWMs in the regular NT case are more unstable, the rotation and diamagnetic drift stabilization effects found in this research are important for the NT tokamak concept.
Refine neutrino events reconstruction with BEiT-3
Authors: Li Chen , Cai Hao , Jiang Xianyang
Published: June 2024

Neutrino Events Reconstruction has always been crucial for
IceCube Neutrino Observatory. In the Kaggle competition “IceCube
— Neutrinos in Deep Ice”, many solutions use Transformer. We
present ISeeCube, a pure Transformer model based on
TorchScale (the backbone of BEiT-3). When having relatively
same amount of total trainable parameters, our model outperforms the
2nd place solution. By using TorchScale, the
lines of code drop sharply by about 80% and a lot of new methods
can be tested by simply adjusting configs. We compared two
fundamental models for predictions on a continuous space, regression
and classification, trained with MSE Loss and CE Loss
respectively. We also propose a new metric, overlap ratio, to
evaluate the performance of the model. Since the model is simple
enough, it has the potential to be used for more purposes such as
energy reconstruction, and many new methods such as combining it
with GraphNeT can be tested more easily. The code and
pretrained models are available at
https://github.com/ChenLi2049/ISeeCube.
Field theory equivalences as spans of

L
∞

-algebras
Authors: Jalali Farahani Mehran , Saemann Christian , Wolf Martin
Published: June 2024

Semi-classically equivalent field theories are related by a quasi-isomorphism between their underlying

L
∞

-algebras, but such a quasi-isomorphism is not necessarily a homotopy transfer. We demonstrate that all quasi-isomorphisms can be lifted to spans of

L
∞

-algebras in which the quasi-isomorphic

L
∞

-algebras are obtained from a correspondence

L
∞

-algebra by a homotopy transfer. Our construction is very useful: homotopy transfer is computationally tractable, and physically, it amounts to integrating out fields in a Feynman diagram expansion. Spans of

L
∞

-algebras allow for a clean definition of quasi-isomorphisms of cyclic

L
∞

-algebras. Furthermore, they appear naturally in many contexts within physics. As examples, we first consider scalar field theory with interaction vertices blown up in different ways. We then show that (non-Abelian) T-duality can be seen as a span of

L
∞

-algebras, and we provide full details in the case of the principal chiral model. We also present the relevant span of

L
∞

-algebras for the Penrose–Ward transform in the context of self-dual Yang–Mills theory and Bogomolny monopoles.