bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Super‐Corotating Flows in Plasma Disk Within 30 Jupiter Radii
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zhao , Bagenal Fran , Wilson Robert J. , Delamere Peter A. , Cao Xin , Nerney Edward , Ebert Robert W. , Valek Philip W. , Allegrini Frederic , Szalay Jamey R.
Published: January 2025

Plasma circulation and magnetic reconnection are crucial for understanding the dynamics of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Previous studies identified hundreds of reconnection sites at distances of 50–100 from magnetic field signatures. Recent analysis of thermal plasma data from the Juno/JADE instrument shows super‐corotating flows exist in the pre‐dawn sector, suggesting that the internally driven reconnection could be occurring much closer to Jupiter. In this study, we present cases of super‐corotating flows exceeding 120 corotation observed at the nightside equator. In Case 1, a super‐corotating outflow event is observed at 26.9 and is accompanied by flux rope plasmoids. In Case 2, a super‐corotating inflow event is observed at 24.7 and is accompanied by plasma heating and density depletion, with a strong enhancement in indicating the presence of a dipolarization front. These observations provide evidence of super‐corotating flows accelerated by reconnection events.
Surface‐Wave Relocation and Characterization of the October 2023 Tsunamigenic Seismic Unrest Near Sofugan Volcano, Izu Islands, Japan
Authors: Deane C. A. , Pesicek J. D. , Prejean S. G. , Earle P. S. , Shelly D. R. , Yeck W. L.
Published: January 2025

A moderate‐magnitude earthquake swarm occurred in the remote Izu Islands region of Japan between October 1 and 8, 2023. The swarm included 151 shallow earthquakes cataloged by the U.S. Geological Survey, which notably included a roughly 2.5‐hr episode of 15 successive magnitude (M) < 5.5 earthquakes. Origin times were coincident with regionally recorded tsunami waves, but tsunamigenesis for moderate‐magnitude earthquakes is uncommon, indicating that volcanic activity generated the ocean displacements. Leveraging a surface‐wave relative relocation approach, we estimate precise epicentroid locations for the remote swarm. Final epicentroids and caldera analogs indicate a three‐stage model to explain swarm activity: (a) caldera pressurization due to magma intrusion, (b) depressurization via dike propagation away from the caldera, and (c) eruption corresponding with caldera reactivation either by collapse or additional intrusion.
Formation of Structurally Bound Carbonate in Silicate Melts on the Top of the Mantle Transition Zone
Authors: Kim Eun Jeong , Lee Sung Keun
Published: January 2025

Carbon‐bearing dense silicate melts may account for the seismically weak layers on top of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) at 13–14 GPa. How carbon is incorporated into silicate melts at such high pressures has not been experimentally probed, making the nature of carbon in dense melts elusive. Here, our nuclear magnetic resonance experiments reveal how carbon and pressure influence the structure of mantle melts. The pressure‐driven changes in the Si coordination environments and network connectivity in dense melts are accompanied by a dramatic increase in the fraction of structurally bound carbonates above 8 GPa up to 14 GPa, further polymerizing melt networks. The pressure‐driven melt polymerization and increase in diversity in carbon configurations reveal the mechanisms behind the pressure‐induced propensity to store carbon in silicate melts under compression. The substantial carbon incorporation in silicate melts toward the MTZ may potentially filter out the carbon from subducting slabs, controlling the deep carbon cycle.
Observations of Mode‐One Nonlinear Internal Waves (NLIW) of Opposite Polarity in Changing Background Conditions
Authors: Moncuquet A. , Jones N. L. , Zulberti A. P. , Bordois L. , Dufois F. , Lazure P.
Published: January 2025

The transformation of internal waves on continental shelves is important to mass transfer, nutrient replenishment, and heat transfer. Yet, the transfer of energy from larger to smaller scale or between nonlinear internal waves (NLIW) themselves remains poorly understood. We present 1 month of through water column observations of temperature and currents on the southeast continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay, a region where internal wave dynamics have never been described. Over the shallower part of the shelf, a relatively strong baroclinic dynamic exists, with the mode‐1 internal tide and NLIW generating currents more than three times the barotropic tide. The nature of these features varied greatly over the subtidal timescales, which we correlate to wind‐driven currents and the associated modulation of background stratification. In addition to the well‐documented processes of internal tide steepening and NLIW polarity reversal, we present novel observations of colocated elevation and depression (termed opposite polarity) NLIW. While this colocation has been previously studied theoretically, it has not been described with in situ observations to date. In agreement with theory, we observed these waves when the wind‐driven dynamics resulted in double pycnocline stratification. We found that the collocated waves of depression and elevation propagate independently on the upper and lower pycnocline, respectively. We use direct estimates of wave speed to infer the potential for interaction between waves of opposite polarity and discuss the potential relevance for other regions worldwide where double pycnocline background conditions are observed.
Near‐Infrared Atomic Oxygen Photometry of Lightning
Authors: Wemhoner Jacob , da Silva Caitano L. , Leal Adonis F. R. , Bandara Sampath , Pantuso John G. , Sonnenfeld Richard G.
Published: January 2025

Measuring the temperature of lightning is a fundamental part of understanding the evolution of the plasma channel, and it is also crucial to quantify its chemical and energetic impacts in the atmosphere. Nonetheless, due to complications that have both to do with the complexity of the source and required equipment, this has only been done in a few studies to date. Here we report on the design and implementation of an instrument to perform simultaneous, multi‐band optical and radio observations of lightning, which aims to provide a fast and simple way to routinely measure its temperature. The primary instrument includes photometers to measure temperature and electric field sensors to identify lightning sub‐processes. Data are analyzed in tandem with 2D and 3D lightning location information. To measure the temperature, the photometer array includes 3 channels equipped with narrowband filters (1 nm) centered at bright atomic oxygen lines in the near‐infrared, and temperature is given from the relative intensity of optical emissions across the 3 channels. We found the average peak temperature of 44 negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning return strokes to be 17,600 K. Additionally, the peak temperature had no apparent correlation to the peak current. Comparisons between 777 nm observations from the ground and from space by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) emphasize the picture that the instruments in these two vantage points tend to see different portions of the lightning flash. They also reveal that dart leaders play a key role in the interpretation of lightning observations from space.
TRIM21-mediated PRMT1 degradation attenuates colorectal cancer malignant progression
Authors: Cao Menghan , Shao Zhiying , Qian Xingyou , Chen Miaolei , Deng Chuyin , Chen Xintian , Tang Tingting , Zhang Kaixu , Chu Sufang , Zheng Junnian , Bai Jin , Li Zhongwei
Published: January 2025

Tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) plays a crucial role in antiviral responses and autoimmune diseases. While the impact of TRIM21 on cancer has been studied in various tumors, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that TRIM21 expression is reduced in primary CRC tissues. Low levels of TRIM21 in CRC are associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and shorter survival. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TRIM21 suppresses the proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration, and metastasis of CRC cells by promoting the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PRMT1. These findings suggest that TRIM21 holds potential as a valuable predictive biomarker for assessing the prognosis of CRC patients.
Discovery of a sushi domain-containing protein 2-positive phenotype in circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: Bartkowiak Kai , Mohammadi Parinaz Mossahebi , Nissen Paula , Werner Stefan , Agorku David , Andreas Antje , Geffken Maria , Peine Sven , Verpoort Karl , Deutsch Thomas M. , Michel Laura L. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Thewes Verena , Trumpp Andreas , Hardt Olaf , Müller Volkmar , Riethdorf Sabine , Schlüter Hartmut , Pantel Klaus
Published: January 2025

Cell lines derived from circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood provide important biological information on cancer metastasis. CTC-ITB-01 is a CTC cell line derived from a patient with metastatic estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) positive breast cancer two months before the death of the patient. After a LC-MC/MS based proteomics analysis of CTC-ITB-01, we found extraordinary high levels of the poorly characterized protein SUSD2 (sushi domain-containing protein 2) in CTC-ITB-01. Expression of SUSD2 on subsets of CTCs was validated on clinical blood samples of patients with metastatic breast cancer. SUSD2-positive CTCs could be captured specifically by a MACS-based approach. We overexpressed SUSD2 in the poorly-metastatic cell line MCF-7. This resulted in upregulation of ER-alpha, the tumor progression protein GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein) and downregulation of the tumor suppressor protein PDCD4 (programmed cell death protein 4). We observed downregulation of SUSD2 and PDCD4 after hypoxia and simulation of re-oxygenation in the blood in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, while in CTC-ITB-01 SUSD2 levels remained unchanged, and only PDCD4 was downregulated under hypoxia. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, that SUSD2 is expressed in CTCs and appears to affect key proteins in tumor progression and survival.
The electrosynthesis of highly encumbered biaryls from aryl o-iodobenzyl ethers by a radical to polar crossover sequence
Authors: Pearce James E. , Hodgson Jack , Folgueiras-Amador Ana A. , Fish Johanna A. , Carroll Robert C. , Coles Simon J. , Parsons Philip J. , Brown Richard C. D. , Harrowven David C.
Published: January 2025

Highly encumbered biaryls are readily prepared from aryl ortho-iodobenzyl ethers through a mediated cathodic reduction under flow.
Ionic gradients in flow to control transport of emissive ions
Authors: Fillbrook Lucy L. , Middleton Isis A. , Rashidnejad Hamid , Sapre Aditya , Schmidt Timothy W. , Sen Ayusman , Beves Jonathon E.
Published: January 2025

Concentration gradients of simple salts in microfluidic channels control the transport of a common photoredox catalyst.
Efficient rigid and flexible perovskite solar cells using strongly adsorbed molecules for lattice repair and grain boundary mitigation
Authors: Fan Xi , Chen Jiwen , Wang Jinzhao , Wang Jing , Zeng Jixi , Wei Feng , Gao Shuai , Li Jia , Zhang Jing , Yan Feng , Song Weijie
Published: January 2025

Molecular passivation reduces the lattice defects and induces large grains for high efficiencies of perovskite solar cells.
Tuning solvent strength can fractionate PVC into ultra-low molecular weight material with low dispersity
Authors: Al Alshaikh Ali , Choi Jaewoo , Olowookere Feranmi V. , McClairen Caira , Lubic Owen G. , Shinde Pravin S. , Turner C. Heath , Bara Jason E.
Published: January 2025

The drive towards a circular economy in plastic materials has become a worldwide goal.
Effect of mono-guanidine-like derivatives on platelet aggregation and tumour cell induced platelet aggregation
Authors: Hante Nadhim Kamil , Keogh Aaron P. , Huang Yanni , Kapoor Tanya , Bennett-Lenane Harriet , Walsh Eleanor , Rozas Isabel , Medina Carlos , Santos-Martinez Maria Jose
Published: January 2025

Antiplatelet agents are the cornerstone for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Tailoring a multifunctional polyglutamic acid–tragacanth gum binder for enhancing the lithium storage performance of red phosphorus anodes
Authors: Li Yanting , Zhang Bin , Cao Moyuan , Liang Xu , Tan Kar Ban , Zhang Shaojie , Dong Yidian , Wang Yujie , Zhang Yiming , Gong Haochen , Rong Hui , Dong Anjie , Han Xinpeng , Jin Fengmin , Sun Jie
Published: January 2025

A multifunctional binder for red phosphorus anodes was designed.
A pH stable fluoran-triphenylamine photosensitizer with efficient type I and type II ROS generation
Authors: Gu Yinuo , Li Bo , Zhang Shuao , Bao Shuhong , Yang Wenjie , Yang Wei , Lu Hongdian , Wei Chunxiang , Li Man-Bo , Zhu San-E.
Published: January 2025

In this study, a pH-stable donor–acceptor (D–A) structured fluoran-triphenylamine photosensitizer, Fl-TPA, featuring efficient type I and type II ROS generation capabilities, was synthesized.
Synthesis of the 3,3′-bipyrrole scaffold from diyne
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Wang Luyao , Zhou Yufeng , Chen Zhifang , Xiong Heng-Ying , Zhang Guangwu
Published: January 2025

A two-step approach for assembling substituted 3,3′-bipyrroles starting from 1,3-diyne and N-benzyl azomethine ylide has been reported.
What determines the Th/U atom positions inside fullerenes?
Authors: Chen Jilong , Lou Lei , Jin Peng
Published: January 2025

Cage orbital distributions well determine the metal positions in all actinide mono-metallofullerenes and are more effective than the widely used electrostatic potentials due to the strong metal–cage covalency.
Complete hydrogen production from oil shale with carbon capture
Authors: Zheng Pu , Wang Xiaoxiang , Li Dandan , Wu Zhongmin , Huang Weijia , Li Yun , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaohui
Published: January 2025

Shale oil involves high refinery costs, making it less attractive than conventional oil.
Vanadium-doped Li2TiSiO5 anodes for boosting capacity and cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cai Yuting , Huang Hao , Song Zhongcheng , Dong Xinxin , Tong Mengyuan , Wu Qihu , Yu Chao , Sun Lixia , Sun Ziqi , Liao Ting , Song Pingan
Published: January 2025

Li2Ti1−xVxSiO5 (x = 0. 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) anode materials with vanadium doping achieved a lithium storage capacity of 235 mA h g−1, higher than 62.1 mA h g−1 for Li2TiSiO5. DFT confirmed enhanced properties.
Assembling graphene quantum dots on aminophenol-formaldehyde resin towards efficient artificial photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis
Authors: Peng Yuanjie , Lin Jiahong , Xiao Jiewei , Xie Xincheng , Yu Wenjie , Yan Hao , Yue Dongting
Published: January 2025

Assembling GQDs on APF resin could improve separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons for H2O2 synthesis.
Self-organised ordering of scandium into basal monolayers of aluminium nitride and its implication for the growth of well-crystallized (Al,Sc)N materials for electronic devices
Authors: Bläβ Ulrich W. , Wu Mingjian , Epelbaum Boris , Meissner Elke
Published: January 2025

Extensive annealing of (Al,Sc)N sputter films reveals an ordering of scandium into basal monolayers. The structural characterisation, a thermodynamic formation model and its implications on (Al,Sc)N material growth and device stability is presented.
Allyl-terminated small molecule donors effectively regulate miscibility to improve the performance of organic solar cells
Authors: Dai Jiaxin , Zhang Panpan , Du Bo , Ma Mengyuan , Wu Shangrong , Tian Yuchuan , Li Junyu , Bin Haijun , Li Yongfang
Published: January 2025

Optimization of small molecule donor morphology in OSCs: allyl group-driven enhancements in H35 for superior PCEs of 15.21% (ASM) and 10.78% (SMD:PA) via improved miscibility, domain structure, and charge transfer.
Aerobic oxidation-induced virtual radical coupling of mixed-metal PtRh2 trinuclear complexes accompanied by the formation of a Rh–Rh bond
Authors: Yokoyama Amiru , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nishioka Takanori
Published: January 2025

Oxidation of the mixed-metal trinuclear complex affords a virtual complex radical, which immediately dimerises to give a diamagnetic hexanuclear cluster via intermetallic bond formation.
Room-temperature near-infrared phosphorescence of a bismuthinidene N,C,N pincer complex
Authors: Deuter Katharina L. , Balaba Daisy J. J. , Linseis Michael , Winter Rainer F.
Published: January 2025

We report on the emissive properties of two related bismuth complexes, LBiBr2 and LBi, with a monoanionic 2,6-diiminophenyl N,C,N pincer ligand L.
Introducing EES Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2025

Editor-in-Chief Qiang Zhang introduces the first issue of EES Batteries.
Type I and type II superconductivity in a quasi-2D Dirac metal
Authors: Lygouras Chris J. , Zhang Junyi , Gautreau Jonah , Pula Mathew , Sharma Sudarshan , Gao Shiyuan , Berry Tanya , Halloran Thomas , Orban Peter , Grissonnanche Gael , Chamorro Juan R. , Mikuri Taketora , Bhoi Dilip K. , Siegler Maxime A. , Livi Kenneth J.T. , Uwatoko Yoshiya , Nakatsuji Satoru , Ramshaw B. J. , Li Yi , Luke Graeme M. , Broholm Collin L. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: January 2025

Dirac material LaCuSb2 shows anisotropic superconducting response to applied magnetic fields.
Correction: Peptide macrocyclisation via intramolecular interception of visible-light-mediated desulfurisation
Authors: Smith Frances R. , Meehan Declan , Griffiths Rhys C. , Knowles Harriet J. , Zhang Peiyu , Williams Huw E. L. , Wilson Andrew J. , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Peptide macrocyclisation via intramolecular interception of visible-light-mediated desulfurisation’ by Frances R. Smith et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 9612–9619, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC05865D.
Celebrating 10 years of #RSCPoster
Authors: Cotterell Natalie , de Jongh Patrick A. J. M. , Noël Timothy , Junkers Tanja , Reddy C. Malla , Anastasaki Athina , Randviir Edward
Published: January 2025

Here, we look back at the history of #RSCPoster and growing engagement over the years, showcase some of the fantastic content we have seen from the events and encourage you to get involved in our next event.
A modified partitioned‐stator flux‐switching permanent magnet machine for enhancing torque‐density in electric vehicle powertrains
Authors: Shafiei Sadjad , Sharifi Tohid , Noroozi Dehdez Mohammad Ali , Bagheri Mehdi
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a modified partitioned‐stator flux‐switching permanent magnet (PS‐FSPM) machine and reduces the permanent magnet usage in conventional PS‐FSPM machines. To achieve this goal, the stators of the conventional PS‐FSPM with outer‐armature/inner‐PM (OA/IPM PS‐FSPM) structure are swapped to realise a PS‐FSPM with outer‐PM/inner‐armature (OPM/IA PS‐FSPM) design. The machine topology along with the operating principles are described in detail, and an analytical airgap permeance model is introduced for the proposed machine. The number of rotor modules, the widths of the magnets and rotor modules, as well as the split ratio (SR), are optimised through sensitivity analysis to achieve higher torque density and reduced torque ripple, compared with the conventional structure. Moreover, a flux barrier in the exterior surface of the outer stator is adopted to improve the proposed structure to reach a higher flux concentration in the airgap and reduce iron volume consumption. The thermal analysis results using the computational fluid dynamics modelling indicate that the temperatures of both insulation and permanent magnets remain within specified operating limits. Finally, apart from the finite element analysis (FEA), an experimental study is performed to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating a machine equipped with a high number of rotor modular teeth.
Optimal economic analysis of electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy technologies, and capacitor banks in distribution networks
Authors: Le My Ha , Pham Thai Dinh , Nguyen Thang Trung
Published: January 2025

The study optimizes the placement of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs), photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs), wind turbine power plants (WTPPs), battery energy storage system (BESS), and capacitor bank (CB), considering AC and DC chargers for the EVCSs by using the wave search algorithm (WSA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, and salp swarm algorithm (SSA). The objective is to minimize the sum of the cost of electric energy supplied by the grid and the total costs from the added electric components for a 15‐year project, including investment cost, operation, and maintenance (O&M) cost. Finally, WSA can reach a smaller total cost than others. The hybrid system with all the components costs 21.83% less than the base system for a 15‐year project life cycle. The total revenue and investment and O&M costs are about $15.3 million and $11.3 million. So, the total profit is about $4 million, equivalent to 35.38%. Furthermore, the smallest voltage is increased from about 0.91 to 0.96 pu, and the highest branch current is reduced from about 387 to 329 A, meeting 45.54% of the total consumption in the system. Thus, the integration of the EVCSs, PVPPs, WTPPs, BESS, and CB into distribution power networks can bring a very high profit.
Image synthesis with class‐aware semantic diffusion models for surgical scene segmentation
Authors: Zhou Yihang , Towning Rebecca , Awad Zaid , Giannarou Stamatia
Published: January 2025

Surgical scene segmentation is essential for enhancing surgical precision, yet it is frequently compromised by the scarcity and imbalance of available data. To address these challenges, semantic image synthesis methods based on generative adversarial networks and diffusion models have been developed. However, these models often yield non‐diverse images and fail to capture small, critical tissue classes, limiting their effectiveness. In response, a class‐aware semantic diffusion model (CASDM), a novel approach which utilizes segmentation maps as conditions for image synthesis to tackle data scarcity and imbalance is proposed. Novel class‐aware mean squared error and class‐aware self‐perceptual loss functions have been defined to prioritize critical, less visible classes, thereby enhancing image quality and relevance. Furthermore, to the authors' knowledge, they are the first to generate multi‐class segmentation maps using text prompts in a novel fashion to specify their contents. These maps are then used by CASDM to generate surgical scene images, enhancing datasets for training and validating segmentation models. This evaluation assesses both image quality and downstream segmentation performance, demonstrates the strong effectiveness and generalisability of CASDM in producing realistic image‐map pairs, significantly advancing surgical scene segmentation across diverse and challenging datasets.
Study on a new three‐dimensional troposcatter parabolic equation method
Authors: Liang Shuaishuai , Li Lei , Lin Leke , Zhao Zhenwei
Published: January 2025

Inhomogeneities in the troposphere cause refraction and re‐radiation of radio waves, leading to troposcatter propagation. However, traditional two‐dimensional troposcatter models focus solely on the vertical scattering effects, limiting their accuracy in predicting radio wave propagation in complex three‐dimensional environments. To address this limitation, a new three‐dimensional troposcatter parabolic equation (3DTSPE) model is proposed. This model provides a comprehensive analysis of the three‐dimensional scatterers in both vertical and horizontal dimensions and examines the impact of different scatterer structures on radio wave propagation. It selects an appropriate three‐dimensional scatterer structure while maintaining computational accuracy. Simulations comparing it to the two‐dimensional troposcatter parabolic equation (2DTSPE) model, the AREPS system, and the ITU‐R P.617 standard, alongside real‐world analysis using ERA5 atmospheric data, confirm the model's accuracy and effectiveness. This provides a solid foundation for further research on radio wave propagation in complex three‐dimensional troposcatter environments.
JWST-ALMA study of a hub-filament system in the nascent phase
Authors: Bhadari N. K. , Dewangan L. K. , Jadhav O. R. , Hoque A. , Pirogov L. E. , Goldsmith P. F. , Maity A. K. , Sharma S. , Haj Ismail A. , Baug T.
Published: January 2025

Context. Star clusters, including high-mass stars, form within hub-filament systems (HFSs). Observations of HFSs that remain unaffected by feedback from embedded stars are rare yet crucial for understanding the mass inflow process in high-mass star formation. Using the JWST NIRCAM images, a recent study reported that the high-mass protostar G11P1 is embedded in a candidate HFS (G11P1-HFS; < 0.6 pc).

Aims. Utilizing ALMA N2H+(1–0) data, we confirm the presence of G11P1-HFS and study the dense gas kinematics.

Methods. We analyzed the position–position–velocity (PPV) map and estimated on-sky velocity gradient (Vg) and gravity (ℱg) vectors. We examined the spatial distribution of the gas velocity and the H2 column density.

Results. A steep Vg of 5 km s−1 pc−1 and −7 km s−1 pc−1 toward either side of G11P1-hub and a decreasing Vg toward the hub identify G11P1-HFS as a small-scale HFS in its nascent phase. Additionally, the Vg and ℱg align along the filaments, indicating gravity-driven flows.

Conclusions. This work highlights the wiggled funnel-shaped morphology of an HFS in PPV space and suggests the importance of sub-filaments or transverse gas flows in mass transportation to the hub.
Mutual gravitational potential of two solid bodies revisited
Authors: Balmino G. , Laurent-Varin J. , Marty J.-C.
Published: January 2025

Context. The discovery in the Solar System of more and more binary asteroids, or even triple asteroids with odd shapes, has triggered studies and new space missions to these bodies related to their dynamical behavior. The Martian moons, due to their characteristics, are the focus of similar interest.

Aims. In this context, the aims of this paper are to revisit the mutual gravitational potential of two celestial bodies, and evaluate the dynamical effects on their orbit of terms, which are often neglected. The rotational dynamics of the bodies is not addressed here.

Methods. The method uses complex gravity spherical harmonic coefficients of each body and takes into account their exact orientation in space. These coefficients are usually estimated from the spherical harmonic representation of the shape and assuming constant density. The analytical derivation of the potential is achieved by using the rotation and translation formulas for the spherical harmonic functions and coefficients. The different components of the potential function are categorized into central direct, indirect, and coupling terms.

Results. Application to the Didymos–Dimorphos pair shows the importance of indirect and coupling terms, for which accelerations reach, respectively, 5% and 1% of the direct terms. This approach was then applied to the Mars-Phobos system, for which the effects on the Phobos orbit due to its gravity field coupling with Mars field were numerically evaluated; effects can reach several tens of meters, as is shown after orbit adjustment on currently adopted Phobos reference ephemeris. The analysis of the radio science data from the coming MMX mission (Martian Moons eXploration) may ultimately require such refinement.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of 1.5-mm Locking Plate Fixation for 30 Radial and Ulnar Fractures in Dogs
Authors: Swepson Ryan , Crowley James , Glyde Mark , de Bruyn Brett , Wills Dan , Beierer Lucas , Newman Mark , Tan Chris
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to report clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs that underwent radial and ulnar fracture repair using 1.5-mm locking plate systems.

Study Design Dogs that had radial and ulnar fractures repaired using 1.5-mm locking compression plate systems at four referral hospitals were retrospectively included. Signalment, body weight, fracture aetiology, fracture location and configuration, radius diameter, plate–bone ratio, repair method, clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications, and time to last follow-up were recorded.

Results Thirty fractures in 28 dogs were included. Median body weight was 2.4 kg (range 1.3–5.5 kg). The mean length of the proximal segment relative to the total length of the radius was 67% (range 33–93%). The mean diameter of the radius at its isthmus was 4.9 mm (range 3.1–6.1 mm). The mean plate–bone ratio was 64% (range 48–89%). Radiographic union was documented in 29/30 fractures at a median of 8 weeks postoperatively. Of the cases with long-term follow-up available, 21/24 had a full function and 3/24 had an acceptable function. Five complications occurred, including infection (n = 2), screw migration (n = 1), bandage sores (n = 1), and peri-plate fracture (n = 1).

Conclusion In this population of miniature and toy-breed dogs, 1.5-mm locking plates provided effective fixation for radial and ulnar fractures. Despite complications in 5/30 fractures, radial union occurred in 29/30, and no dog had an unacceptable function at the last follow-up.
Effect of the electron spectrum dielectrization on critical current of the Josephson medium BaPb1−xBixO3
Authors: Voitenko A. I. , Gabovich A. M. , Moiseev D. P. , Postnikov V. M. , Shpigel’ A. S.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependences of the critical current Ic flowing through a symmetric Josephson tunnel junction formed by superconductors with a partial dielectrization of the electron spectrum and singlet dielectric pairing are studied. The dependence of Ic and the superconducting gap Δ on T does not differ practically from the standard Ambegaokar–Baratoff and Mühlschlegel curves. At the same time, Ic decreases sharply with increasing dielectric gap Σ and decreasing ν ≡ Nnd(0)/Nd(0), where Nnd and Nd are the densities of electron states for nondielectrized and dielectrized regions of the Fermi surface respectively. The critical current densities jc for bulk Josephson samples BaPb1−xBixO3 with x =0.15, 0.25 and 0.3 are measured as well as the IVC of a tunnel type. The quantity jc decreases sharply with increasing x, i.e., with increasing dielectrization (decreasing ν).
Bound states of domain walls in a ferroelectro-ferromagnet
Authors: Manzhos I. V.
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of interacting magnetic and ferroelectric domain walls in a ferroelectro-ferromagnet with a uniform magnetoelectric interaction is analyzed within the framework of the adiabatic approximation. It is shown that for a certain sign of the magnetoelectric interaction constant, domain walls form a bound state. The dependence of the relative oscillation frequency of domain wall centers on the maximum distance between the centers is determined. The critical value of the electric field destroying the bound state of magnetic and ferroelectric domain walls is calculated.
Acoustic emission in YBa2Cu3O7–δ ceramics
Authors: Gaiduk A. L. , Zherlitsyn S. V. , Fil’ V. D.
Published: January 2025

Acoustic emission (AE) signals in a frequency range 0.1–5 MHz are observed in YBa2Cu3O7–δ ceramics in the temperature region between 40 and 280 K. In the initial cooling, AE has two spikes in the regions 230–190 and 110–60 K, while the level of AE decreases considerably during heating and subsequent temperature cycling. A correlation is observed between the temperature hysteresis of transport acoustic parameters and the AE spikes.
Method of void fraction calculation for vapor– or gas–liquid flow conditions
Authors: Budrik V. V. , Eliseev A. B. , Tonchak I. N.
Published: January 2025

A concise description of the calculation technique for the void fraction (φ) averaged along the channel cross section both in the presence and in the absence of gravitational forces is offered. The effect of two-phase asymmetry in channels of any orientation is established. The limiting vapor quality (xlim) is determined for smooth and unsmooth channels. All theoretical relations are proved by correlation of obtained [V. V. Budrik, I. N. Baklanova, and A. B. Eliseev, Khim. Neft. Mashinostr., No. 3, 18 (1986); V. V. Budrik, I. N. Baklanova, and A. B. Eliseev, in: Hydrodynamic Resistance and Heat Exchange in Power Units [in Russian], Moscow (1986)] and available literature data over practically the whole range of x (from 0 to 1), ρv/ρl (from 0 to 1), μv/μl (from 0 to 1), and Froude numbers (from 0 to ∞).
Transient heat transfer for forced helium flow in channels under heat pulse conditions
Authors: Zhukov V. M. , Yarmak I. I.
Published: January 2025

Transient heat transfer for helium boiling in a channel under rectangular heat pulse applied to the helium flow in a wide range of mass flow rates was investigated. At high heat fluxes closed volume correlations were found to be valid.
Microcharacteristics of two-phase helium flow in a radial rotating channel
Authors: Zhukov V. M. , Morozov S. E.
Published: January 2025

The influence of the mass force field on the microcharacteristics of two-phase helium flow in a radial rotating channel was studied. The behavior of the vapor bubbles and liquid film moving in a rotating channel is considered. Correlations for calculating the liquid film thickness along a channel were obtained.
Film boiling regime distribution in He II
Authors: Klyuchnikov I. A. , Sidyganov V. U.
Published: January 2025

Experimental data on the rate of distribution of the film boiling regime on cylindrical heaters placed in He II are given.
Stability of high-temperature superconductors cooled by liquid nitrogen
Authors: Bandos T. V. , Batrak A. G. , Ben’ko V. Yu. , Nechiporenko I. N. , Tikhenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

The existence of nonlinear relaxation waves of three types which correspond to a transition between three stable uniform temperature states in long-dimensional high-Tc superconductors (HTSC) has been predicted. These waves are characterized by concurrent relaxation and temperature and electric field propagation. A formula defining the HTSC current as a function of the speed of the three wave types has been derived. The experiment revealed the nonuniform state of the HTSC-carrying current that was cooled through the insulation layer. Calculated values of the minimum and maximum current of the hysteresis loop in the I–V characteristics agree satisfactorily with the experimental values.
Mathematical model of heat and mass transfer on porous-sublimation cooling of cryogenic devices
Authors: Ostroumov S. M.
Published: January 2025

Conditions for applicability of a model with a moving sublimation front for porous-sublimation cooling processes are considered. Conditions of viscous flow of coolant vapors in pores are obtained; the factors determining the direction of the sublimation front movement are studied; a method of calculation of the cooled surface temperature is proposed. Parameters for a porous-sublimation cold accumulator are chosen. These provide the preset temperature level of cryostatting. For plate and tube porous structure optimal geometrical parameters are obtained for which the temperature of the cryostatting object is minimum or does not exceed the preset value at the minimum mass of the cold accumulator. The stability of the flat form of the sublimation front for various coolants is studied. The lowest value of the skeleton heat conductivity at which the flat form of the sublimation front is stable is determined for plate and tube porous structures.
Pressure losses in flow of boiling nitrogen through horizontal channels
Authors: Dolgoy M. L. , Kirichenko Yu. A. , Troyanov A. M. , Shcherbakova N. S.
Published: January 2025

Experimental results on pressure losses during forced flow of two-phase nitrogen in horizontal channels with circular and rectangular cross sections are considered. The effects of pressure, mass velocity, and vapor quality on the pressure losses are discussed. Formulas for predicting friction losses under operating conditions are derived.
Theory of a dirty two-band high T
c superconductor
Authors: Galaiko V. P. , Azovskii A. Yu. , Bezuglyi E. V. , Bratus E. N. , Shumeiko V. S.
Published: January 2025

The high-Tc metal-oxide compounds have been treated as “dirty limit” superconducting alloys in a theoretical model of a two-band superconductor with a narrow band near the Fermi level and singlet pair intraband exchange. The impurity scattering leads to hybridization of the bands and strong energy dependence of excitation relaxation time. “Anderson’s theorem,” is violated although the impurities are nonmagnetic.
Luminescence of charge-sensitive oxygen centers in high-temperature superconductors: effect of superconducting transition
Authors: Fugol’ I. Ya. , Samovarov V. N. , Rybalko Yu. I. , Zhuravlev V. M.
Published: January 2025

The principal results of a study of the cathodoluminescence spectra of YBaCu and LaBaCu ceramics, textured YBaCu films, as well as of a number of classical metals and dielectrics are presented. Two characteristic spectral groups of wide bands and narrow lines are revealed in the high-Tc superconducting spectrum which are sensitive to the superconducting phase. The emission components are assigned to oxygen radiation centers both in the bulk and on the surface, namely negative atomic and molecular ions, neutral molecules, and F – F+-centers based on oxygen vacancies.
Performance studies on bulk YBa2Cu3O7–y RF SQUIDs
Authors: Zhang Yi. , Heiden C.
Published: January 2025

Bulk YBa2Cu3O7–δ RF SQUIDs have been made with different topologies, e. g., two-hole gradiometer-type geometry and quasi-toroidal arrangement. Either permanently adjusted constrictions or adjustable break junctions are used as weak links. The units are hermetically sealed using either caps or rings made also of YBa2Cu3O7–y. This greatly reduces corrosion by moisture during warm-up periods or prolonged storage at ambient atmosphere, thus enhancing significantly the reliability of the devices. Performance tests have been made with emphasis on the noise behavior. The data are reproducible at frequencies > 100 Hz: flux noise 2 × 10 −4Φ0/Hz1/2, spectral energy resolution 10−28 J/Hz.
Structural ordering of oxygen vacancies and superconducting properties of the compound YBa2Cu3O7–x
Authors: Artsebasheva N. G. , Batrak A. G. , Ben’ko V. Yu. , Erenburg A. I. , Gritsenko N. V. , Kotok L. A. , Nechiporenko I. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Ramakaeva R. F. , Smirnov A. I. , Teplitskaya T. S. , Tikhenko E. V. , Shevtsov N. I. , Shulga V. M.
Published: January 2025

Complex studies of samples of a YBa2Cu3O7–x compound with different oxygen content x is performed. The dependence of the oxygen deficit x on temperature and partial pressure of oxygen in the gaseous medium surrounding the sample is found. The temperature dependence of diffusivity of oxygen atoms of the compound is indicated. The results of studies of the diamagnetic response of ceramics with different values of x are presented. It is shown that the EPR signal of the compound at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 is observed from Cu2+ ions of paramagnetic impurities. It is shown that zirconium doping of HTSC increases the orthorhombicity of the compound (increased structural ordering of oxygen vacancies).
Development of high-T
c superconductor wires
Authors: Krauth H. , Heine K. , Szulczyk A. , Tenbrink J. , Thöner M.
Published: January 2025

Future applications of high-Tc superconductors require the development of conductors with high current-carrying capacity. For the metallic superconductors, composite wires or tapes are needed consisting of the superconducting material, an electrically stabilizing normal conductor, and a mechanically reinforcing member. Several obstacles must be overcome in the development of such wires1. The most important problem at the moment is the limitation of the critical current density in polycrystalline ceramic bulk material. The main reasons for this limitation are the anisotropy of the superconducting properties, weak link characteristics, flux creep, and low pinning strength.
Energy gap and features of HTSC conductivity
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Solov’ev A. L.
Published: January 2025

The value of the energy gap in Y, Bi, and Tl high-Tc supercondcutors was measured. The temperature dependence of the energy gap was found to follow the BCS theory. As is suggested by our data, in HTSC S–c–N contacts, quasi-particles with E > Δ realize tunneling conductivity and those with E < Δ realize metallic conductivity. We assume this effect to be the cause of the change in contact conductivity type accompanying the superconducting transition of the HTSC.
Origin of the radio-frequency noise and synchronization of Josephson oscillators in YBaCuO films
Authors: Peskovatskii S. A. , Poladich V. , Strizhko L. P.
Published: January 2025

The YBaCuO films investigated possess high-speed microwave response and have Josephson properties. The external signal at each of the three frequenices 35, 82, and 126 GHz initiates a rf noise, whose power increases with microwave frequency and periodically depends on dc voltage bias. The rf noise is caused by the synchronization breakdown processes in the system of large numbers of Josephson oscillators and limits the use of the films low-noise heterodyne receivers.
Superconducting oxide point contacts in a high frequency field
Authors: Balkashin O. P. , Kulik I. I. , Yanson I. K.
Published: January 2025

The response of the microcontacts formed between tantalum, niobium, or copper and YBa2Cu3O7−σ ceramics to electromagnetic radiation was investigated. It was shown that in the millimeter range the response is caused by the Josephson properties of contacts, and in the optical range by the radiation heating of the contact area.
Magnetic properties of GdBa2Cu3O7–x at low temperatures
Authors: Zvyagin A. I. , Stepanov A. A. , Khatsko E. N. , Cherny A. S. , Dotsenko V. I. , Chaikovskaya N. M.
Published: January 2025

Ceramic samples of GdBa2Cu3O7–x. are studied magnetically in the temperature range 0.5 to 4.2 K. The magnetic phase H–T diagram and the effective fields of magnetic interaction are reconstructed.
Tracking and formation of 2223 BiSrCaCu oxygen compounds by resistivity and susceptibility measurements reaching T
c(0) = 115 K
Authors: Fischer K. , Rojek A. , Thierfeldt S. , Lippert H.
Published: January 2025

Unsubtituted and lead–antimony-substituted 2223 BiSrCaCuO compounds were synthesized and compared by resistivity R(T) and susceptibility χ(T) measurements and chemical analysis. The R(T) and χ(T) measurements show that interface effects occur which are reflected in the R(T) characteristics. The chemical analysis of samples with a zero resistance Tc (0) = 114 K and a diamagnetic onset at 115 K yields a severe loss of lead from a nominal 40 at.% down to about 3 at. %, whereas the Tc(0) = 110 K samples contained up to about 30 at.% of lead. It is assumed that for the formation of the 115 K phase, lead oxide acts as a catalyst but is not incorporated to a considerable amount into the lattice. The nominal composition of 2223 BiSrCaCuO with lead and antimony oxide added instead of substitution and heat treatment also gave a diamagnetic onset at Tc = 114 K.
Possible realization of high-temperature superconductivity in semiconductors
Authors: Bumai Yu. A. , Gorol’chuk I. G. , Domanevskii D. S. , Stepanenko A. V. , Timofeev A. B. , Ul’yashin A. G. , Shlopak N. V. , Shilo S. A. , Yurchenko I. A.
Published: January 2025

The concept of superconductivity due to local electron (hole) pairs is discussed. The obtained estimates indicate the possibility of Bose–Einstein condensation in the system of two-electron centers in semiconductors, whose high concentration can be produced by laser annealing. The experimental results obtained in a purposeful search for new superconductors with a high critial temperature are presented. It is shown that the structures in which the Meissner effect is observed at 20–50 K can be synthesized by the high-dose implantation of ions which create centers with a localized electron pair in Si or SiC.
Remanent HF absorption and memory effects in YBa2Cu3O7–δ ceramics in weak magnetic fields
Authors: Kirichenko A. Ya. , Cherpak N. T.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that hf absorption in the superconducting ceramics YBa2Cu1O7–δ depends on the magnetic state of the sample. Five such states are investigated for two cooling modes. Various stable closed hysteresis loops are formed upon cyclic variations of the magnetic field. It is shown that a superconducting sample may have the same decrement for different magnetic past histories. Memory effects are manifested after the removal of the magnetic field when the decrements acquire different values depending on the past history of the sample. Experiments are carried out at T = 78 K for a frequency of 2.5 MHz in fields up to 160 Oe. A relation connecting the decrements corresponding to different states of the sample is obtained.
Decomposition of weak hcp solutions 3He–4He and magnetic properties of decomposed samples
Authors: Golub A. A. , Goncharov V. A. , Mikheev V. A. , Rusnak V. P. , Shvarts V. A.
Published: January 2025

The kinetics of phase separation of weak hcp solutions 3He–4He with initial concentrations of 3He equal to 0.5±0.1 and 1.2±0.2% under sample pressures 3.5 – 3.8 MPa before the decomposition is reported. An NMR technique is developed for a prompt control of the phase separation process. To accelerate the decomposition of the metastable phase, samples were subjected to thermal cycling at temperatures below 100 mK. Pulsed NMR technique was used to measure the magnetic susceptibility of 3He nuclei as well as spin–lattice (T1) and spin–spin (T2) relaxation times in three samples of decomposed solid solution with an initial concentration 0.5% 3He under pressures of 3.53, 3.71 and 3.78 MPa. At temperatures above 10 mK, the Curie–Weiss law is obeyed. The Weiss constant for two of the three investigated samples is found to be 2–3 times higher than the characteristic values for bulk bcc 3He of the same density. Below 10 mK, the magnetic susceptibility is found to deviate from the Curie–Weiss dependence. In one of the samples, a broad peak is observed in the temperature dependence of susceptibility at a temperature of 3 mK. The magnetic phase ordering was not detected in the investigated samples right up to a temperature of 0.7 mK.
“Internal” coherent effects in HTS-normal metal point contacts
Authors: Rybal’chenko L. F. , Yanson I. K. , Fisun V. V. , Bobrov N. L. , Tret’yakov Yu. D. , Kaul’ A. R. , Graboi I. E.
Published: January 2025

Electrical characteristics are measured in submicron YBaCuO-normal metal point contacts with a direct conductivity. In a microwave field, such contacts reveal a nonstationary Josephson effect which can occur in the current concentration region not only in the initial weak bonds in YBaCuO but also the weak bonds of a phase-slip center type, formed as a result of a significant current injection (as well as a microwave field). The existence of internal weak bonds in the HTS-electrode contact area produces a narrow minimum in the differential resistance near zero biases. Moreover, the effect of magnetic flux quantization is observed for separate granules in magnetic fields stronger than the first critical field.
Possibility of two-minimum potential for oxygen ions in Cu–O–Cu chains
Authors: Kovarskii V. L. , Sukharevskii B. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The potential of an oxygen ion surrounded by two copper ions is considered for the case of arbitrary valences. The repulsion potential parameters are estimated for structural data of CuO and Cu2O crystals. The attraction between the ions is found to be determined by the ion–dipole and Coulomb interactions. It is shown that the (Q1, Q2) space, where Q1 and Q2 are the valences of copper and oxygen ions respectively, has a region in which the potential acquires two minima. This region is close to the “normal” values Q1 = Q2 = 2.
High-frequency magnon generation in easy-plane antiferromagnetic semiconductors in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave
Authors: Gnedkov V. P. , Sobolev V. L.
Published: January 2025

A kinetic equation is constructed for magnons interacting with conduction electrons in an antiferromagnetic semiconductor in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave. The possibility of generation of high-frequency spin waves by a varying electric field is indicated.