bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Algorithm-Based Ultrasound Image for Evaluating the Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Scheme on Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Shi Qiuyu , Ma Fuying , Yu Junjuan , Zhao Aijuan
Published: March 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the effect of ultrasound image evaluation of comprehensive nursing scheme based on artificial intelligence algorithms on patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). 44 patients diagnosed with DKD were randomly divided into two groups: group A (no nursing intervention) and group B (comprehensive nursing). In the same period, 32 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Ultrasonographic images based on the

K

non-local-means (KNL-Means) filtering algorithm were used to perform imaging examinations in healthy people and DKD patients before and after care. The results suggested that compared with those of the SAE reconstruction algorithm and KAVD reconstruction algorithm, the PSNR value of artificial bee colony algorithm reconstruction of image was higher and the MSE value was lower. The resistant index (RI) of DKD patients in group B after nursing was

0.63
±
0.06

, apparently distinct from the RI of the healthy people (controls) in the same group (

0.58
±
0.06

) and the RI of DKD patients in group A (

0.68
±
0.07

) (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence rate of complications in DKD patients in group B was apparently inferior to that in group A. After comprehensive nursing intervention (CNI), the scores of all dimensions of quality of life (QoL) in DKD patients in group B were obviously superior versus those in DKD patients in group A. It suggests that implementation of nursing intervention for DKD patients can effectively help patients improve and control the level of renal function, while ultrasound images based on intelligent algorithm can dynamically detect the changes in the level of renal function in patients, which has the value of clinical promotion.
Dynamic Threat Weight of Network Security Communication Based on Multisource Data Analysis
Authors: Yu Zhihui , Liu Sitong , Wang Weimin
Published: March 2022

While the internet brings convenience to people, there are also many security problems. This study mainly discusses network security communication and ideological security technology based on multisource data analysis. The situation awareness model based on dynamic threat weight is mainly composed of the fusion module, evaluation module, and prediction module. The situation fusion module is mainly based on the fusion algorithm of distance vector optimal classification to fuse multisource data. The situation assessment module is based on the situation assessment method based on a dynamic threat weight to quantitatively evaluate the situation value. The situation understanding part is the basis of situation awareness. Firstly, a large amount of original security data is merged at the data level to obtain a standardized dataset. Then, the relationship between the data is analyzed by the method of correlation analysis, and the security incident information and threat propagation network are obtained. The knowledge training module accurately feeds back the relevant parameters and data, and the knowledge training module adjusts the data accuracy according to the received data accuracy. The main function of the situation fusion module is to process the multisource data and use the fusion algorithm for data fusion. The situation assessment module uses the fused data combined with a specific method for comprehensive assessment and uses visualization technology to show the final results in front of the administrator, which is convenient for more efficient operation. Based on the data fusion module, the situation assessment module judges the current network security status, detects the assessment results through error checking, and feeds back to the knowledge training module. From the trend of the overall network situation, we can see that the probability of the overall network at 4 is the highest, followed by 5. This study makes an effective evaluation of the overall network security.
Enhancement of Nursing Effect in Emergency General Surgery Based on Computer Aid
Authors: Lei Yan , He Linxiang , Huang Houqiang
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the nursing effect of emergency general surgery, this paper combines computer algorithms to carry out the intelligent management of general surgery nursing, and realizes the standardization of nursing information, the electronic nursing file, the precision of nursing workload, and the intelligentization of nursing quality control by means of informatization. This truly and objectively reflects the nursing operation and treatment situation, prevents the occurrence of some adverse events, and effectively reduces the workload of nursing care. Moreover, this paper uses a standardized software design method to define the software concept, and then conducts a detailed demand analysis of the nursing display function through detailed investigation, class work, discussion and analysis, and comparison decision-making methods. In addition, this paper compiles the software through strict coding standards, and finally designs test cases to test and improve the software. Through actual case studies, it can be seen that the computer-assisted emergency general surgery nursing method proposed in this paper has a certain progress compared with the traditional nursing method.
Design of IoT-Based and Data-Driven Mechanism to Drive Innovation in International Business and Finance Statistics
Authors: Yu Zhichao
Published: March 2022

The 43 national cross-border e-commerce policies promulgated by the Chinese government in recent years are selected as the research samples, and the PMC index model is applied to evaluate the mechanism design based on the IoT and data-driven innovation mechanism of international business finance statistics. On this basis, the implementation effects of specific policies on cross-border e-commerce in China are evaluated and analyzed, and the role of national macropolicies in guiding local policies is also discussed, with the aim of providing a reference basis for the Chinese government to formulate relevant policies, as well as providing new ideas and methods for the evaluation of cross-border e-commerce policies.
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Purohit Ayushi , Sharma Radheshyam , Shiv Ramakrishnan R. , Sharma Stuti , Kumar Ashish , Jain Devendra , Kushwaha Himmat S. , Maharjan Elina
Published: March 2022

Nanoparticles show the multidisciplinary versatile utility and are gaining the prime place in various fields, such as medicine, electronics, pharmaceuticals, electrical designing, cosmetics, food industries, and agriculture, due to their small size and large surface to volume ratio. Biogenic or green synthesis methods are environmentally friendly, economically feasible, rapid, free of organic solvents, and reliable over conventional methods. Plant extracts are of incredible potential in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles owing to their bountiful availability, stabilizing, and reducing ability. In the present study, the aqueous leaf extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng was mixed with 0.5 mM silver nitrate and incubated at 70°C for 1 h and synthesized a good quantity of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The maximum absorption of UV‐visible spectra was obtained in the range of 420–430 nm. Furthermore, SEM and TEM results inferred that the size of the particles were 23–62 nm, spherical, crystalline, uniformly distributed, and negatively charged with the zeta potential of −27.6 mV. In addition, the antifungal activities of the AgNPs were evaluated against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro using poison food techniques on PDA media. The maximum rate of mycelia inhibition was found in 150 ppm concentration of AgNPs against both phytopathogenic fungi.
Age- and Hypertension-Related Changes in NOS/NO/sGC-Derived Vasoactive Control of Rat Thoracic Aortae
Authors: Berenyiova Andrea , Balis Peter , Kluknavsky Michal , Bernatova Iveta , Cacanyiova Sona , Puzserova Angelika
Published: March 2022

This study was aimed at examining the role of the NOS/NO/sGC signaling pathway in the vasoactive control of the thoracic aorta (TA) from the early to late ontogenetic stages (7 weeks, 20 weeks, and 52 weeks old) of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were significantly increased in SHRs compared to age-matched WKYs, which was associated with left heart ventricle hypertrophy in all age groups of rats. The plasma urea level was increased in 20-week-old and 52-week-old SHRs compared with WKYs without increasing creatinine and uric acid. The total cholesterol levels were lower in 20-week-old and 52-week-old SHRs than in WKYs, but triglycerides were higher in 7-week-old SHRs. The fructosamine level was increased in 52-week-old SHRs compared with age-matched WKYs and unchanged in other age groups. Superoxide production was increased only in 7-week-old SHRs compared to age-matched WKYs. The endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of the TA deteriorated in both rat strains during aging; however, endothelial dysfunction already occurred in 20-week-old SHRs and was even more enhanced in 52-week-old rats. Our results also demonstrated increased activity of NOS in 52-week-old WKYs. Moreover, 7-week-old and 52-week-old WKY rats displayed an enhanced residual EDR after L-NMMA (NOS inhibitor) incubation compared with 20-week-old rats. Our results showed that in 7-week-old SHRs, the residual EDR after L-NMMA incubation was increased compared to that in other age groups. The activity of NOS in the TA was comparable in 7-week-old and 20-week-old SHRs, but it was reduced in 52-week-old SHRs compared to younger SHRs and 52-week-old WKYs. Thus, it seems that, in contrast to SHRs, the NOS/NO system in WKYs is probably able to respond to age-related pathologies to maintain endothelial functions and thus optimal BP levels even in later periods of life.
Exosomal LINC01213 Plays a Role in the Transition of Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells into Androgen-Independent Manners
Authors: Guo Zhuifeng , Lu Xuwei , Yang Fan , He Chang , Qin Liang , Yang Ning , Han Conghui , Wu Jiawen
Published: March 2022

Background. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), one of the prostate cancers, is a medical conundrum around the world. Some studies have demonstrated that many long noncoding RNAs in exosomes are very important in many types of cancer, including prostate cancer. However, until now, the function of exosomes in the occurrence and development of CRPC has not been reported. Methods. In vitro, cell coculture was used in LNCap cells and PC-3 cells, while the isolation and purification of exosomes and the subsequent treatment assays were used in functional studies. In vitro assays were performed to detect the transformation of ADPC cells (androgen-dependent prostate cancer) into AIPC cells (androgen-independent prostate cancer). Subsequently, a lncRNA-sequencing assay was performed to detect different lncRNA expression profiles in ADPC cells cocultured with or without AIPC exosomes. The role of LINC01213 was analysed by a TCGA database after silencing the expression of LINC01213. CCK-8, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting studies were performed to analyse the possible mechanism by which exosomes participate in prostate cancer progression. Results. In the coculture system, ADPC cells acquired androgen deprivation tolerance through exosome-mediated intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by AIPC cells can promote the transformation of ADPC cells into androgen-independent cells in vitro and in vivo. lncRNA sequencing showed that LINC01213 was upregulated in exosomes derived from AIPC cell lines. The rescue experiments were preformed, and the results revealed that most of the functions of LINC01213 were performed by Wnt/β-catenin. Conclusions. All the findings showed that exosomes play a key role in CRPC progression by upregulating LINC01213 and activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Application of the Improved Multipopulation Genetic Algorithm in the TMD Controlled System considering Soil‐Structure Interaction
Authors: Nie Wei , Liu Shuxian , Yin Hang , Lu Shasha , Zhao Dongxu , Xu Hong
Published: March 2022

With the advent of globalization, computing speed has increased tremendously, greatly advancing algorithm research in multiple fields. This paper studies the parameter optimization problem of the improved multipopulation genetic algorithm in the tuned mass damper (TMD) structure considering the soil‐structure interaction (SSI) effect. The Newmark time‐domain analysis method was used to analyze the dynamic response of a 40‐story building under the excitation of EL Centro waves and Tangshan waves in China, respectively. The mass, damping coefficient, and spring stiffness of TMD system are used as the design variables of the controller. To reduce structural damage and obtain better comfort, the displacement response and acceleration response are optimized simultaneously in this paper, achieving multiobjective optimization. The results show that the improved multipopulation genetic algorithm method has faster convergence speed and greater accuracy than the traditional genetic algorithm; thus it can be applied to the TMDs parameter optimization of high‐rise buildings. Besides, the soil types have a great influence on TMD parameter optimization and structural time history response. If ignoring SSI effect will lead to underestimation of parameter design, the reason is that the soft soil foundations can absorb a lot of seismic energy compared with rigid foundations and then reduce the effect of seismic excitation on the structure. The intention of the research helps researchers to better understand vibration control and provides suggestions for the application of TMD in high‐rise buildings.
Brachymetatarsia: Surgical Management, Case Report, and Literature Review
Authors: Zhu David , Lefèvre Maxime , Fernandez Andréa , Galois Laurent
Published: March 2022

Background. Brachymetatarsia is defined by an abnormal shortening of the metatarsal bone. This rare condition is mostly primary and congenital. Consequences of this malformation are both esthetic and functional, due to pain and mechanical problems in the forefoot. Surgical management is an important part of patient care. There are two main options: gradual lengthening by progressive callotosis distraction using an external fixator and one stage lengthening using bone graft and osteotomy of the bone. This review presents two cases using the one stage lengthening surgical management method. We also discuss some reports in the literature with the aim to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two surgical methods. Literature concerning the surgical management of brachymetatarsia was identified using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Patient Presentation. We describe two female patients aged 20 and 26 years who underwent one stage lengthening surgery of the fourth toe with isolated brachymetatarsia using an iliac bone graft and internal fixator plate. The two patients had a lengthening of around 10 mm after postoperative evaluation. No skin complications were noted, but one of the patients reported flexor stiffness after surgery. Concerning the functional and cosmetic aspects, the two patients are satisfied with the management. Conclusions. In the literature, one stage lengthening seems to be the most favorable option for the care of brachymetatarsia. Studies show a short healing time and fewer complications like infection, stiffness, malalignment, and malunion. Some reviews note the utility of the gradual lengthening of severe brachymetatarsia when a longer lengthening is necessary. There is no definite consensus concerning the management of brachymetatarsia.
Short-Text Classification Detector: A Bert-Based Mental Approach
Authors: Hu Yongjun , Ding Jia , Dou Zixin , Chang Huiyou
Published: March 2022

With the continuous development of the Internet, social media based on short text has become popular. However, the sparsity and shortness of essays will restrict the accuracy of text classification. Therefore, based on the Bert model, we capture the mental feature of reviewers and apply them for short text classification to improve its classification accuracy. Specifically, we construct a model text at the language level and fine tune the model to better embed mental features. To verify the accuracy of this method, we compare a variety of machine learning methods, such as support vector machine, convolution neural networks, and recurrent neural networks. The results show the following: (1) Through feature comparison, it is found that mental features can significantly improve the accuracy of short text classification. (2) Combining mental features and text as input vectors can provide more classification accuracy than separating them as two independent vectors. (3) Through model comparison, it can be found that Bert model can integrate mental features and short text. Bert can better capture mental features to improve the accuracy of classification results. This will help to promote the development of short text classification.
Assessing the Impact of the MOOC Learning Platform on the Comprehensive Development of English Teachers at College Level under “Double First-Rate” by Utilization of the SWOT Analysis in Hunan Province, China
Authors: He Wenjuan
Published: March 2022

This research is to investigate the impact of massive open online course (MOOC) learning platforms on teacher development, promote the development and innovation of online learning models under the “Double First-Rate,” and especially expand the application of the MOOC platforms combining language learning with professional development paths. The MOOC online learning platform has a problem of a high abandonment rate. This paper first proposes a MOOC learning recommendation algorithm based on the learning sequence and similarity distance analysis as well as evaluates its accuracy. Then, the reliability test and the MOOC learning recommendation algorithm are used to evaluate the quality evaluation system of English teaching in the MOOC utilizing the structural equation model. Finally, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) are determined to analyze the impact of the MOOC regarding the English teaching platform on teachers' comprehensive development. The results show that the MOOC platform-based learning recommendation algorithm has higher recommendation accuracy and efficiency, improving the learning effect with the utilization of the MOOC. Also, it can effectively reduce the abandonment rate and has a positive effect of resolving the interaction problem pertinent to characteristic differences and sequences in the learning recommendation. The quality evaluation system of online English teaching in the MOOC has higher reliability and convergent validity, which shows better stability and consistency in all dimensions. If teachers can actively learn from the resources of the MOOC platform, then they continuously update teaching concepts, improve online teaching, give full play to their language advantages, accurately locate student needs, and develop unique courses. Therefore, it will promote the overall development of their careers and improve innovation.
Artificial Deep Neural Network in Hybrid PV System for Controlling the Power Management
Authors: Sahoo Satyajeet , Amirthalakshmi T. M. , Ramesh S. , Ramkumar G. , Arockia Dhanraj Joshuva , Ranjith A. , Obaid Sami Al , Alfarraj Saleh , Kumar S. S.
Published: March 2022

The analysis of different components of a grid-linked hybrid energy system (HES) comprising a photovoltaic (PV) system is presented in this work. Due to the increase of the population and industries, power consumption is increasing every day. Due to environmental issues, traditional power plants alone are insufficient to supply customer demand. In this case, the most important thing is to discover another approach to meet customer demands. Most wealthy countries are now concentrating their efforts on developing sustainable materials and investing considerable amounts of money in product development. Wind, solar, fuel cells, and hydro/water resources are among the most environmentally benign renewable sources. To control the variability of PV generation, this sort of application necessitates the usage of energy storage systems (ESSs). Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most often used ESSs; however, they have a short lifespan due to the applied stress. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) started to evolve as a way to decrease the pressure on Li-ion batteries and increase their lifetime. This study represents a great power management technique for a PV system with Li-ion batteries and supercapacitor (SC) HESS based on an artificial neural network. The effectiveness of the suggested power management technique is demonstrated and validated using a conventional PV system. Computational models with short-term and long-term durations were used to illustrate their effectiveness. The findings reveal that Li-ion battery dynamical stress and peak value are reduced, resulting in longer battery life.
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium Inoculation on Growth and Yield of Glycine max L. Varieties
Authors: Dobo Beyene
Published: March 2022

Biofertilizers are preparations containing living cells that help crop plants in the uptake of nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coinoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium species on the growth and nutrient uptake of three varieties of Glycine max: Belsa 95, Afgat M5, and Nova E3, in the greenhouse and the field. These varieties were obtained from the Gambela research center of Ethiopia. Commercial Rhizobium inoculants were obtained from the Menagesha Biotechnology Institute (MBI), and the previously isolated indigenous AMF inoculants were mass-produced using Sorghum bicolor as a trap plant. Two kilograms of sterilized soil and sand in a 2:1 ratio were used for greenhouse treatments, and 2 m × 3 m plots were used for field treatments. In the greenhouse trials, for all the three varieties was recorded better yield plant−1 in coinoculated treatments with fertilizer application and without fertilizer application, respectively. The highest root number plant−1 (10.0 ± 1.2 and 10.0 ± 1.7) was recorded for variety 1 with the application of only fertilizer and fertilizer + Rhizobium, respectively, and the highest values (8.7 ± 1.9 and 4.7 ± 0.8) were recorded for coinoculated treatments with fertilizer application for varieties 2 and 3, respectively. For sole mycorrhiza-inoculated treatments in the greenhouse was recorded higher dry biomass (16.67% for V1, 42.20% for V2, and 22.18% for V3) as compared with the control. Moreover, for combined inoculation of AMF + Rhizobium and AMF + Rhizobium + fertilizer were recorded 27.01% and 66.99% for V1, 42.20% and 70.33% for V2, and 36.84 and 80.20% for V3, respectively. That means tripartite interactions favor the growth response in association with higher P and N uptake. Finally, it is recommended to apply biofertilizers as the plant-fungi-Rhizobium interactions may have a bigger potential role in maintaining sustainable agriculture with effective environmental resilience.
Steel Plate Defect Recognition of Deep Neural Network Recognition Based on Space-Time Constraints
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Zhiguang , Liu Baiting , Xiaolei Wang
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the effect of real-time defect recognition in steel plate online production, this paper studies the method of steel plate defect recognition based on the deep neural network algorithm based on space-time constraints. Moreover, this paper improves the space-time constraint algorithm, optimizes the encryption structure of the traditional ABE scheme, and obtains a neural network feature recognition method based on space-time constraints. In order to process the massive image data stream generated instantaneously and ensure the real-time performance, accuracy, and stability of the detection system, this paper constructs a distributed parallel computing system structure based on the client/server (CC/S) model to obtain an intelligent recognition system. Through experimental research, it can be seen that the deep neural network recognition system based on space-time constraints proposed in this paper has a good effect in the recognition of steel plate defects.
Study of Correlation between MRI Morphology of Primary Tumor and Extramural Vascular Invasion in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Lv Baohua , Shang Kai , Wu Ke , Xie Yuanzhong , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Zhenchang , Jin Erhu
Published: March 2022

Introduction. In clinical settings, nodular projection (NP) and cord sign (CS) at the tumor edge and irregular nodules (IN) in the mesorectum often appeared together with extramural vascular invasion (EMVI). We aim to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the MRI morphology of primary tumor in predicting EMVI in patients with rectal cancer (RC). Methods. This retrospective study included 156 patients with RC. Clinical and imaging factors including NP at the primary tumor’s edge, CS at the primary tumor’s edge, maximal extramural depth (EMD), IN in the mesorectum, growth pattern, tumor length, range of rectal wall invaded (RRWI) by tumor, peritoneal reflex invasion by surgery, and pathology-proven local node involvement (PLN) were evaluated. Then, ROC curve was drawn to depict the meaningful indicators in multivariate analyses. Results. There were 53 (34%) patients with pathological extramural venous invasion (pEMVI). Among the clinical and imaging factors evaluated, NP, CS, IN, EMD, PLN, differentiation, and peritoneal reflex invasion were significantly associated with pEMVI. NP and PLN were independent predictors of EMVI. Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of NP for prediction of EMVI was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74–0.90), with a sensitivity of 73.58%, a specificity of 90.29%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 75.59%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 86.92%, and an accuracy of 84.62%, respectively. Conclusions. Patients with primary tumor with EMVI usually showed NP and CS. NP was an independent predictor of EMVI and helpful for the diagnosis of EMVI in RC patients.
Large-scale Integrated Analysis of Genetics and Metabolomic Data Reveals Potential Links Between Lipids and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Shu Xiang , Chen Zhishan , Long Jirong , Guo Xingyi , Yang Yaohua , Qu Conghui , Ahn Yoon-Ok , Cai Qiuyin , Casey Graham , Gruber Stephen B. , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Jee Sun Ha , Jenkins Mark A. , Jia Wei-Hua , Jung Keum Ji , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kim Dong-Hyun , Kim Jeongseon , Kweon Sun-Seog , Le Marchand Loic , Matsuda Koichi , Matsuo Keitaro , Newcomb Polly A. , Oh Jae Hwan , Ose Jennifer , Oze Isao , Pai Rish K. , Pan Zhi-Zhong , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Playdon Mary C. , Ren Ze-Fang , Schoen Robert E. , Shin Aesun , Shin Min-Ho , Shu Xiao-ou , Sun Xiaohui , Tangen Catherine M. , Tanikawa Chizu , Ulrich Cornelia M. , van Duijnhoven Franzel J.B. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Wolk Alicja , Woods Michael O. , Wu Anna H. , Peters Ulrike , Zheng Wei
Published: March 2022

Background:

The etiology of colorectal cancer is not fully understood.

Methods:

Using genetic variants and metabolomics data including 217 metabolites from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1,357), we built genetic prediction models for circulating metabolites. Models with prediction R2 > 0.01 (Nmetabolite = 58) were applied to predict levels of metabolites in two large consortia with a combined sample size of approximately 46,300 cases and 59,200 controls of European and approximately 21,700 cases and 47,400 controls of East Asian (EA) descent. Genetically predicted levels of metabolites were evaluated for their associations with colorectal cancer risk in logistic regressions within each racial group, after which the results were combined by meta-analysis.

Results:

Of the 58 metabolites tested, 24 metabolites were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk [Benjamini–Hochberg FDR (BH-FDR) < 0.05] in the European population (ORs ranged from 0.91 to 1.06; P values ranged from 0.02 to 6.4 × 10−8). Twenty one of the 24 associations were replicated in the EA population (ORs ranged from 0.26 to 1.69, BH-FDR < 0.05). In addition, the genetically predicted levels of C16:0 cholesteryl ester was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in the EA population only (OREA: 1.94, 95% CI, 1.60−2.36, P = 2.6 × 10−11; OREUR: 1.01, 95% CI, 0.99−1.04, P = 0.3). Nineteen of the 25 metabolites were glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAG). Eighteen associations exhibited significant heterogeneity between the two racial groups (PEUR-EA-Het < 0.005), which were more strongly associated in the EA population. This integrative study suggested a potential role of lipids, especially certain glycerophospholipids and TAGs, in the etiology of colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

This study identified potential novel risk biomarkers for colorectal cancer by integrating genetics and circulating metabolomics data.

Impact:

The identified metabolites could be developed into new tools for risk assessment of colorectal cancer in both European and EA populations.
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation and Respiratory Infections
Authors: De Cosmi Valentina , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Turolo Stefano , Syren Marie Louise , Milani Gregorio P. , Agostoni Carlo
Published: March 2022

Background: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) can actively affect the maintenance and optimal functioning of immune cells. The metabolites of both omega-3 and omega-6 play an important role in the synthesis of different mediators, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, protectins, and resolvins, that can interfere with the virus and modulate inflammation. Summary: In this narrative review, we aim to identify whether LCPUFA supplementation may be effective in protecting the population against respiratory tract infections. We included only randomized controlled trials performed in both pediatric and adult subjects. Eight papers were selected: five trials were conducted in a pediatric population and three in adults. Different concentrations of fatty acids supplementation were associated with a lower incidence of common respiratory symptoms, except for two studies that did not provide significant results. Most of the studies are of low quality, and respiratory infections were assessed as secondary or even safety outcomes. Key Messages: No data were available on the role of LCPUFAs in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although these data showed that LCPUFAs may be effective in preventing respiratory tract infections, future studies are still needed to clarify their possible co-adjuvant role in the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections.
The Proximal Tubule as the Pathogenic and Therapeutic Target in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Ho Kwok M. , Morgan David J.R.
Published: March 2022

Background: In 2004, the term acute kidney injury (AKI) was introduced with the intention of broadening our understanding of rapid declines in renal function and to replace the historical terms of acute renal failure and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Despite this evolution in terminology, the mechanisms of AKI have stayed largely elusive with the pathophysiological concepts of ATN remaining the mainstay in our understanding of AKI. Summary: The proximal tubule (PT), having the highest mitochondrial content in the kidney and relying heavily on oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, is vulnerable to ischaemic insults and mitochondrial dysfunction. Histologically, pathological changes in the PT are more consistent than changes to the glomeruli or the loop of Henle in AKI. Physiologically, activation of tubuloglomerular feedback due to PT dysfunction leads to an increase in preglomerular afferent arteriole resistance and a reduction in glomerular filtration. Pharmacologically, frusemide – a drug commonly used in the setting of oliguric AKI – is actively secreted by the PT and its diuretic effect is compromised by its failure to be secreted into the urine and thus be delivered to its site of action at the loop of Henle in AKI. Increases in the urinary, but not plasma biomarkers, of PT injury within 1 h of shock suggest that the PT as the initiation pathogenic target of AKI. Key Message: Therapeutic agents targeting specifically the PT epithelial cells, in particular its mitochondria – including amino acid ergothioneine and superoxide scavenger MitoTEMPO – show great promises in ameliorating AKI.
The Affective Core of Delusional Disorder
Authors: Pellegrini Riccardo , Muñoz Negro José Eduardo , Ottoni Rebecca , Cervilla Jorge A. , Tonna Matteo
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between personality, trait affectivity, and severity of delusions in patients with delusional disorder (DD). Thirty-two outpatients affected by DD were administered the Structured Interview for DSM-IV-TR Personality Disorders (SIDP-IV), the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS). We analyzed the prevalence of personality disorder in our sample of patients with DD and studied the correlations between the severity of delusions and the different affective variables. Finally, we obtained a multivariate explanatory model of the severity of the delusions. The severity of delusions was directly associated with “grandiose fantasy” item of narcissistic personality and inversely related with the feelings of shame, fear, and guilt. In the multivariate model, the feeling of shame was the only independent variable capable of accounting for the severity of delusions that, in DD patients, would lie on an affective core of shame.
Multimodal Imaging in a Case of Presumed Solitary Circumscribed Retinal Astrocytic Proliferation
Authors: Kaiser Klemens Paul , Kinzl Stephan , Becker Matthias Dieter , Heussen Florian Moritz
Published: March 2022

Provisionally referred to as presumed solitary circumscribed retinal astrocytic proliferation (PSCRAP), the lesion is a rare, benign retinal tumour that typically presents as white-yellow, opaque, and well circumscribed. Typically, the lesion is stable or may regress spontaneously. In light of the adjacent pigmentation of the tumour and from our retinal imaging, we suggest that the lesion originates from the deep neurosensory retina or the retinal pigment epithelium. Herein, we present a case of this entity in a 36-year-old man with a roundish, parapapillary tumour in his right eye and share its characteristics in the different diagnostic imaging modalities.
Evading Seizures: Phenobarbital Reintroduced as a Multifunctional Approach to End-of-Life Care
Authors: Senderovich Helen , Waicus Sarah , Mokenela Keisa
Published: March 2022

The selected case study aimed to evaluate the role of phenobarbital as a drug of choice in end-of-life (EOL) settings. Phenobarbital is efficacious in management of EOL seizures and agitation, can be easily administered via different modes, and utilized in various palliative care (PC) settings. Mrs. X., 90-year-old female with a history of glioblastoma multiforme, was a resident of long-term care, residing in a PC unit. She presented with illness progression which resulted in an increased frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures which were managed initially with phenytoin. Due to the advanced stage of the illness and significant decline in the patient’s cognitive and physical status, oral route and intravenous access were lost, and phenytoin became not an option for seizure control. She was then rotated to subcutaneous phenobarbital, as a result, starting at 30 mg once a day. The dose needed to be titrated up in 15 mg increments to achieve adequate seizure control, and she stabilized on 60 mg of subcutaneous phenobarbital after 2 days. No serious adverse skin reactions were noted with the use of phenobarbital, and it did not abruptly end a patient’s life when used at appropriate doses. The sedative properties of phenobarbital had benefited Mrs. X and allowed her to be comfortable approaching EOL with glioblastoma multiforme.
Long-Term Visual Outcomes of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in China
Authors: Fang Lei , Hu Yin , Zhong Yimin , Xiao Hui , Lin Shufen , Zhu Yingting , Su Yihua , Liu Xing
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term visual outcomes and factors associated with vision loss in Chinese patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) after successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control (IOP ≤21 mm Hg). Methods: PCG patients with IOP control who were examined in the glaucoma clinic at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2019 to 2020 were enrolled. The final visual outcome was evaluated by the best corrected visual acuity (VA). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the associations of visual impairment with potential risk factors. The causes for decreased VA (<20/50) were also analyzed. Results: Fifty-nine patients (95 eyes) were included in the cohort, with a mean age of 8.7 years. The mean logMAR VA was 0.62 ± 0.64. The VAs of eyes treated for PCG were good (≥20/50) in 56%, fair (20/60–20/200) in 30%, and poor (<20/200) in 14%. The most common cause of decreased VA was amblyopia (64.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that undergoing multiple surgeries (OR: 4.86, 95% CI: 1.11–21.16, p = 0.035) was significantly associated with visual impairment. Conclusion: The results showed that good VA was attainable in approximately half of PCG eyes under IOP control. Prompt and effective treatment of PCG, management of amblyopia and ocular comorbidities may be potential steps toward achieving good visual outcomes in PCG patients.
A Vegfc-Emilin2a-Cxcl8a Signaling Axis Required for Zebrafish Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: El-Sammak Hadil , Yang Bingyuan , Guenther Stefan , Chen Wenbiao , Marín-Juez Rubén , Stainier Didier Y.R.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ischemic heart disease following the obstruction of coronary vessels leads to the death of cardiac tissue and the formation of a fibrotic scar. In contrast to adult mammals, zebrafish can regenerate their heart after injury, enabling the study of the underlying mechanisms. One of the earliest responses following cardiac injury in adult zebrafish is coronary revascularization. Defects in this process lead to impaired cardiomyocyte repopulation and scarring. Hence, identifying and investigating factors that promote coronary revascularization holds great therapeutic potential.

Methods:

We used wholemount imaging, immunohistochemistry and histology to assess various aspects of zebrafish cardiac regeneration. Deep transcriptomic analysis allowed us to identify targets and potential effectors of Vegfc (vascular endothelial growth factor C) signaling. We used newly generated loss- and gain-of-function genetic tools to investigate the role of Emilin2a (elastin microfibril interfacer 2a) and Cxcl8a (chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 8a)-Cxcr1 (chemokine (C-X-C) motif receptor 1) signaling in cardiac regeneration.

Results:

We first show that regenerating coronary endothelial cells upregulate
vegfc
upon cardiac injury in adult zebrafish and that Vegfc signaling is required for their proliferation during regeneration. Notably, blocking Vegfc signaling also significantly reduces cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Using transcriptomic analyses, we identified
emilin2a
as a target of Vegfc signaling and found that manipulation of
emilin2a
expression can modulate coronary revascularization as well as cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, Emilin2a induces the expression of the chemokine gene
cxcl8a
in epicardium-derived cells, while
cxcr1
, the Cxcl8a receptor gene, is expressed in coronary endothelial cells. We further show that Cxcl8a-Cxcr1 signaling is also required for coronary endothelial cell proliferation during cardiac regeneration.

Conclusions:

These data show that after cardiac injury, coronary endothelial cells upregulate
vegfc
to promote coronary network reestablishment and cardiac regeneration. Mechanistically, Vegfc signaling upregulates epicardial
emilin2a
and
cxcl8a
expression to promote cardiac regeneration. These studies aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying coronary revascularization in zebrafish, with potential therapeutic implications to enhance revascularization and regeneration in injured human hearts.
Prevalence of Clinical and Neuroimaging Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Malhotra Konark , Theodorou Aikaterini , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Zompola Christina , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Boviatsis Efstathios , Paraskevas George P. , Spilioti Martha , Cordonnier Charlotte , Werring David J. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: March 2022

Background:

Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of clinical and neuroimaging manifestations among patients diagnosed with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We sought to determine the prevalence of clinical phenotypes and radiological markers in patients with CAA.

Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including patients with CAA was conducted to primarily assess the prevalence of clinical phenotypes and neuroimaging markers as available in the included studies. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on the (1) retrospective or prospective study design and (2) probable or unspecified CAA status. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity using the Cochran
Q
and
I
2
statistics.

Results:

We identified 12 prospective and 34 retrospective studies including 7159 patients with CAA. The pooled prevalence rates were cerebral microbleeds (52% [95% CI, 43%–60%]; I
2
=93%), cortical superficial siderosis (49% [95% CI, 38%–59%]; I
2
=95%), dementia or mild cognitive impairment (50% [95% CI, 35%–65%]; I
2
=97%), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; 44% [95% CI, 27%–61%]; I
2
=98%), transient focal neurological episodes (48%; 10 studies [95% CI, 29%–67%]; I
2
=97%), lacunar infarcts (30% [95% CI, 25%–36%]; I
2
=78%), high grades of perivascular spaces located in centrum semiovale (56% [95% CI, 44%–67%]; I
2
=88%) and basal ganglia (21% [95% CI, 2%–51%]; I
2
=98%), and white matter hyperintensities with moderate or severe Fazekas score (53% [95% CI, 40%–65%]; I
2
=91%). The only neuroimaging marker that was associated with higher odds of recurrent ICH was cortical superficial siderosis (odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.01–2.46]; I
2
=47%). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated a higher prevalence of ICH (53% versus 16%;
P
=0.03) and transient focal neurological episodes (57% versus 17%;
P
=0.03) among retrospective studies compared with prospective studies. No difference was documented between the prevalence rates based on the CAA status.

Conclusions:

Approximately one-half of hospital-based cohort of CAA patients was observed to have cerebral microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, ICH, or transient focal neurological episodes. Cortical superficial siderosis was the only neuroimaging marker that was associated with higher odds of ICH recurrence. Future population-based studies among well-defined CAA cohorts are warranted to corroborate our findings.
Borders, Migration and Xenophobic Policies in West Africa
Authors: Aniche Ernest Toochi
Published: March 2022

The 1979 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocol, or Article 59 of the 1993 ECOWAS Revised Treaty, encapsulates the terms and conditions for a visa-free and borderless economic community. It is geared towards decolonising the colonial borders and encouraging economic activity. But despite the ratification of the Protocol, documented and undocumented migrants continue to be expelled, blocked at borders and prevented from doing business, and suffer other xenophobic mistreatment, within the sub-region. The member states of ECOWAS have implemented anti-immigrant policies, from which Community citizens are rarely exempted. The article argues that the political class in the various states in the sub-region has nurtured and exploited a xenophobic consciousness, which has prevented the growth of class consciousness and protects their power base. The xenophobic policies of West African states have also created the necessary conditions to impede the implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol.
Human Mobility and Climate Change Adaptation in Small-Scale Farming Areas in Eastern Zimbabwe
Authors: Maganga Trymore , Conrad Suso Cathy
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the role played by human mobility as a climate change adaptation strategy in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas. Livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas are mostly agriculture-based and have long suffered from low levels of production. This is largely due to poor agroecological conditions and lack of agricultural investment, including income diversification projects from the central government. Recently, extreme climatic events in these areas have exacerbated food insecurity challenges, prompting many households to relocate. The findings of this study indicate that most households in the small-scale farming regions are resorting to either short- or long-term migration to areas that offer them food security. In these areas, poor households are forced to work on large commercial farms where they are paid in maize grain or trade their products for food to support their families. This paper argues that, if properly used together with other climate change policies promoted in Zimbabwe, human mobility can be an effective climate change adaptation strategy in small-scale farming areas.
Analysis of Sino-Tanzania Trade Relations: The Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Taylor Rosemary Stanley , Luvanda Eliab G.
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the bilateral trade relations between Tanzania and China by examining the trend, intensity, and the determinants of the Tanzania exports to China from 1988 to 2018. It augments the traditional Gravity Model of bilateral trade and employs the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Error Correction Model techniques. In general, the two partners have witnessed a tremendous trade increase over time. Empirically, the influence of Tanzania’s economic size and foreign inflows on exports are significant in the short and long run. Specifically, the effect of the economic size is positive throughout, while foreign capital is positive in the short run. On the other hand, the estimated coefficients of the population, exchange rate, and relative distance are significant only in the long run. This study recommends expanding the national income and strategic FDI attraction, among others, to enhance Tanzania’s export capacity and eventually trade with China and the globe.
The League of Nations and the Protection of Minorities – Rediscovering a Great Experiment
Authors: Hilpold Peter
Published: March 2022

After World War I the far-reaching border changes in Europe created a large number of new minorities. As a consequence, special protection measures had to be introduced. With the League of Nations’ minority protection system an extraordinary experiment was started. After World War II this system was largely ignored and fell into oblivion.

In the past all too easily the minorities themselves were held responsible for the failure of this system. In this context it is often said that minorities behaved in a disloyal manner and therefore it was at least understandable that minority states over the years treated their minorities badly and finally denounced their obligations. In reality, however, such an attitude rests on a radical misinterpretation of the loyalty principle and on a denial of historic facts. All in all, the ideas and concepts of these times live on and are shaping modern human rights thinking.