bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Early Hepatoma in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Codegone Maria Laura , Provana Anna , Ghittino Pietro
Published: April 2018

The evolution of hepatic microscopic nodules in hatchery rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed diets containing aflatoxin has been studied. After 13 months of feeding, the histopathological examination showed microscopic nodules in the liver of 22–26 per cent of trout, wich had been fed diets containing high levels of aflatoxin. At this time a group of trout was fed a non carcinogenic diet (fresh beef liver), for other 13 months. The trials were carried out in water with a constant temperature of 8–9°C. Even though the carcinogenic stimulus was removed, trout produced hepatic tumors in 50–54 per cent of examined samples. The authors conclude that the micro-nodules, early found in the liver of trout fed carcinogenic diet, are to be considered as true neoplasms.
Electron Microscopic Study of Viruses in Mouse Thymuses during Leukemogenesis by Urethan
Authors: Lombardi Luciano , Torre Gabriella Della
Published: April 2018

A systematic search for viral particles was carried out in thymuses of C3Hf inbred mice treated with leukemogenic doses of urethan. Thymuses collected during the tumor latent period and thymic lymphosarcomas were examined. A group of 38 mice was treated, starting at 10 days of age, with 5 i.p. doses of urethan (lmg/g body weight) once every two days. This treatment induces approximately 30 per cent thymic lymphosarcomas in C3Hf mice, after an average period of 20 weeks, whereas no spontaneous thymic lymphosarcomas develop in untreated controls. Six animals with thymic lymphosarcoma were killed between 16–32 weeks of age; the others were sacrificed at 3,5,10 and 14 weeks of age when they did not have any recognizable thymic tumor either grossly or microscopically. As control, thymuses of a group of 28 untreated mice were examined. Mature and immature type C particles morphologically indistinguishable from the murine leukemogenic viruses and intracisternal A particles were observed. The immature C particles and intracisternal A particles were found in all the groups of treated and untreated mice. Intracisternal A particles were more numerous in the untreated than in the treated animals. The number of A particles in the neoplastic thymuses was far inferior than that observed in the treated animals killed before development of lymphoma. The amount of immature C particles was always much less than that of A particles. No significant difference in the number of immature C particles was observed in all experimental groups. Mature C particles were only seen in the thymus of a few treated or untreated mice, never in thymic lymphosarcomas. Within the limits of this investigation, the results presented are not consistent with the view that urethan may act by stimulating viral multiplication.
Histyocitic Tumors of the Soft Tissues
Authors: Cappa Alberto P. M. , Veneroni Giorgio
Published: April 2018

Tumors of the soft tissues are very various; they reproduce only partly the characteristics of the tissues of origin and present many modulations due principally to the stage of differentiation. The definition of these lesions must be precise as the different groups have quite unlike behavior and require an appropriate treatment. They are usually classified as tumor-like lesions, benign neoplasms, malignant neoplasms. This classification, however, is not sufficient for a precise prognostic and theraphy as there are behaviour anomalies, such as tumors which grow by infiltration and do not metastasize and encapsulated tumors which develop metastases. For instance, every mesenchymal tumor grows into the skin by infiltration but only few of them produce metastasis; some fibromatosis are true neoplasms which may display insidious infiltrative growth and frequently recurrence appears after the removal but there are no metastases. Sarcomas of varying histological types may have a different behavior requiring a different form of treatment. New knowledge on tumors of the soft tissues is due essentially to the combination of research by «in vitro» culture and clinical-pathological studies. The demonstration of the histogenesis of some tumors allowed the reclassification of fibrous growth deriving from facultative fibroblastic cells. These tumors are composed of fibroblasts with a xanthomatous component, giant cells and phagocytic foam cells: histogenetically they are histiocytic fibroblasts. Istiocytes may behave as fibroblasts or fagocytes and sometimes they assume the two appearances in a same tumor. Among these tumors the so called protuberans fibrosarcomas, the sclerosing hemangiomas, many giant cell tumors, and the fibrous xanthomas must be considered as histiocytic tumors or fibrous histiocytomas. The malignant counterpart of fibrohistiocytomas, that is the malignant xanthofibroma, the malignant histiocytoma and the rare malignant protuberans fibrosarcoma, should be recognized.
HISTOGENETICAL PECULIARITIES OF MALIGNANT SKIN MELANOMAS
Authors: Blinova Galina A.
Published: April 2018

With the purpose of investigating the histogenesis of malignant skin melanoma, 194 cases were studied in which the tumor was fully represented in a microscopic slide and the behavior of melanoblasts could be observed above the tumor, at its edges and on both sides of it. Intense proliferation of melanoblasts of the epidermis, accompanying the migration (« Abtropfung ») of the cells into the derma, was found in 82 out of 194 operated patients with malignant melanomas. Such neoplasms usually had the appearance of a spot or infiltrate and were most frequently localized on the lower extremities. The tumors of this kind were defined as epidermo-dermal malignant melanomas. In 112 cases the tumors were of another pattern. Junctional melanoblasts did not participate in their formation; they developed from cells located only in the derma and originating from cells of intradermal nevi. They had typical growth in the form of a pedunculated nodule or of a nodule on a broad base; most frequently they were localized on the trunk. Tumors of this kind were defined as intradermal malignant melanomas.
Pathogenesis of Metastatic Recurrences on the Operative Field after Radical Neck Dissection for Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Molinari Roberto , Zingo Lorenzo
Published: April 2018

In 1080 patients operated on at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1937 to 1964, 84 recurrences appeared on the operative field after radical neck dissection for oropharyngeal cancer. There was no evidence of the primary tumor almost 2 years after treatment. 78 recurrences concerned 930 determined cases (8.9%): 7 appeared among 407 dissections in which no microscopic involvement of lymph nodes was demonstrated (1.72%); 77 among 673 operations for histologically positive nodes. Most recurrences (75/84) were localized in the upper regions of the operative field (upper carotid, retromandibular, submastoid area). In all but 3 cases they occurred in the region nearest to the primary. Clinically, recurrences appeared as isolated or multiple tumor nodes adherent to the skin or to deep structures or both; only in 7 cases they were movable, and among these 5 were external to the operative field. Histological examination of the node was performed in 35 cases; residual lymph node tissue was found only in the movable ones. In nearly all cases isolated « foci» were found, and these findings suggest a sowing of cancer cells. Pathogenesis of recurrences is discussed, and the conclusions are that:

— In 50% of cases cancer cells spread out actively from the walls of the lymph node by an invasive mechanism;

— In 40% of cases sowing was due to the surgical section of lymph vessels or, rarely, of the lymph node capsule;

— In 2.7% of cases the recurrence was localized in lymph nodes not removed at surgery;

— In 4.7% of cases the typical dissection was not sufficiently extensive, and recurrences can appear outside the operative field, often in the parotid gland, very seldom in the spinal chain. Since the therapy of cervical recurrences is very deceptive prognosis can be improved only by preventing them, and this can be attained by earlier operations (prophylactic dissections) and surgical refinements in technique and tactics.
Effect of Perinatal Administration of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)Anthracene on the Later Response to a Subcutaneous Teflon Implant
Authors: Tomatis Lorenzo , Parmi Liliana
Published: April 2018

The possible effect of the exposure of mice during the perinatal period to minute doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) on the response to a subcutaneous implantation later in life of a teflon disc was investigated. The present results indicate that the prenatal or neonatal exposure to DMBA had no effect on the incidence of tumors occurring around the teflon implant nor on the average age at death of mice bearing tumors at the site of the teflon implant. The incidence of tumors occurring at various sites was higher in the descendants of females given 400 μg DMBA during the late period of pregnancy than in offspring of untreated mothers which were given 0.1 μg DMBA at birth.
Elastofibroma Dorsi
Authors: Costanzi Giulio , Eusebi Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

A case of elastofibroma dorsi arising from the subscapular region in a 57-year-old Sardinian woman is recorded. The degenerative origin of the neoplasia from collagen is emphasised.
Lo Studio Scintigrafico Con Bicloruro di Mercurio (197HgCl2) Delle Neoplasie Polmonari
Authors: Buraggi Gian Luigi , Dragoni Giovanni , Laurini Roberto , Rodari Antonio
Published: April 2018

100 patients were scanned with a tumor-specific scanning agent (197HgCl2) for suspected lung cancer. 67 primitive malignant tumors and 8 metastatic localisations were detected; all but one case of secondary localisation, where no significant fixation was demonstrated, showed a high and selective uptake of the radio active compound. Among the other patients without neoplastic disease a significant fixation took place only in two cases of sarcoidosis. The comparison of these results with the X-ray findings in the same patients clearly demonstrated that with the scanning method detection of the tumoral characters of the disease is easier. The results of the sputum cells examination for diagnostic purpose are still poorer, if compared, though a positive response is more decisive. 197HgCl2, whose localisation in the tumors may depend on its HS-protein-binding properties, is a suitable agent for the diagnosis of lung tumors and its properties make it suitable for a routine clinical use. The only limitation appears to be a non negligeable irradiation of the kidneys.
Titanium Blades for Supporting Protheses after Maxillary Resection
Authors: Cislaghi Enrico
Published: April 2018

After a brief description of Linkow's titanium blades, their use in 2 patients is reported. Endosseous titanium blades permit the creation of anchorage pillars thereby allowing the application of protheses, otherwise impossible for lack of retention.
Effects of Syngeneic Bone Marrow Cells on Mice Given a Leukemogenic Treatment with Urethan
Authors: Colnaghi Maria I. , Razon Sultana , Torre Gabriella Della
Published: April 2018

A leukemogenic treatment with urethan in infant (SWR x C57BL)F1 mice (1 mg/g body weight, 5 times, once every second day) induced a marked reduction of the thymus and spleen weight, of the number of RBC, WBC, and bone marrow cells, with an inverted lymphoid/myeloid cell ratio in the bone marrow. An analysis of the bone marrow population showed that the carcinogen acted selectively on the lymphoid cells and, to a lesser extent, on the erythroblastic ones, while the myeloid cells did not appear to be involved. The damage was still present 10 days after the end of treatment. A single intracardiac inoculum of 15–20 × 106 syngeneic normal bone marrow cells, 3 days after the last urethan injection, determined a recovery of the spleen weight and of the cell ratio in the bone marrow, whereas the thymus weight and the blood and bone marrow cell counts were uneffected. Moreover the bone marrow inoculum failed to inhibit the induction of thymic lymphosarcomas.
Changes of Antigenicity and Growth Rate of Murine Sarcomas Induced by a Chemical Carcinogen.
Authors: Pierotti Marco , Ménard Sylvie
Published: April 2018

The relation with latent period (LP) of the antigenicity (AG) and growth rate (GR) of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced sarcomas have been studied in 3 experimental situations. In the first experiment, 36 primary BALB/c sarcomas showed a decrease of AG and an increase of GR when LP increased from 10 to 26 weeks. The tumors which appeared after a short latency grew slower and were more antigenic than tumors with longer latency. In the second experiment, one antigenic C3Hf fibrosarcoma was transplanted serially in immunodepressed and normal mice and tested for AG and GR at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 8th and 10th transplant. The same relationship between AG and GR was observed in the two lines as AG decreased while GR increased during serial transplantations. In the third experiment, two monoclonal tumors isolated from the C3Hf fibrosarcoma of the previous experiment were tested at different transplant. A decline of antigenic strengh and an increase of GR during serial transplantation was observed in both tumors. The change of AG and GR observed in these experiments cannot be explained only by immunological surveillance, and nor by a clonal selection of high GR cells preexisting in the primary tumor. It seems rather that during proliferation the malignant cells gradually lose growth control leading to an increase of GR and, at the same time, to a diminution of AG.
Report on 8 Cases of Testicular Tumors in Childhood.
Authors: Pizzocaro Giorgio , Zanoni Fulvio
Published: April 2018

Since 1944, 8 patients under 15 years of age have been hospitalized at the National Cancer Institute in Milano for testicular neoplasms, that is 2 % of all cases. Four were embryonal carcinomas (pure or with associated teratoma and choriocarcinoma), and two were rhabdomyosarcomas. Only one case of seminoma and one case of benign mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis propria of testis were described. Embryonal carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma in infants and children should be managed by radical orchiectomy and bilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Inoperable cases have a very poor prognosis and adequate chemotherapy may prolong survival. Pure seminoma should be treated by radical orchiectomy and radiotherapy on the lymph-nodes as indicated by the extent of the disease. In advanced cases, alkylating agents are very useful. Mesotheliomas are not true testicular tumors, as they arise from the tunica vaginalis propria of testis. They may be benign or malignant. In benign cases orchiectomy alone is sufficient for cure, whereas in malignant instances bilateral retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection in mandatory.
Frequency and Significance of Lymphoplasmocyte Infiltration in Human Gliomas.
Authors: Schiffer Davide , Croveri Giovanni , Pautasso Clara
Published: April 2018

The problem of lymphocyte infiltration is studied in 190 operated gliomas and in 35 glioma recurrences. The tumors were classified in 4 groups: no infiltrations (0), infiltrations in a single focus (I), in several foci (II) and extra-adventitial infiltrations (III). 51.59 % of all the gliomas examined were positive for infiltrations, most of them belonging to groups I and II. Plasmacells were found in many group II and group III cases. Lymphoplasmocyte infiltration was considerably increased in group II and group III cases. Cases with such an increase were reoperated within 5 months of the first operation. The findings are discussed in relation to the immunology of tumors and of the nervous system. The increased lymphocyte infiltration in glioma recurrences is attributed to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier that occurred in the first operation. Lymphocyte infiltration is related to a host defence mechanism against tumors.
Lymphomas of Children: Lymphography and Diagnostic Laparotomy in the Planning of Treatment.
Authors: Uslenghi Carlo , Zucali Roberto , Fossati-Bellani Franca , Kenda Rado
Published: April 2018

104 cases of malignant lymphoma in children are considered and the value of lymphography and laparotomy for the purpose of correct staging is demonstrated. 83 patients underwent lymphography and 19 laparotomy. These investigations definitely resulted in significant changes in staging.
A Comparative Immunoelectrophoretic Study on Extracts of LS Fibroblasts and of Tumors Produced by Inoculating them into C3H Mice.
Authors: Benassi Giorgio , Berti Gilberto , Melandri Paola
Published: April 2018

Aqueous extracts of LS fibroblasts (LS) and of tumors obtained by inoculating these cells into newborn C3H mice (Tu/LS) share a number of antigens detectable by means of Immunoelectrophoresis against rabbit anti-LS or anti-Tu/LS sera. Yet, at least one antigen seems to be contained only in the LS extracts; in fact, anti-LS sera, absorbed with Tu/LS extracts, reacted with the LS extracts, causing a precipitation line on Immunoelectrophoresis. This may depend on the suppression from the growing population of the inoculated cells of a line more incompatible or in any case less favored in the environment of the subcutaneous tissue of the living animal; or on the lack of in vivo production of an antigen that the LS fibroblast sinthesizes when growing in vitro.
Adriamycin as a Single Agent in Various Forms of Advanced Neoplasia of Adults and Children.
Authors: Bonadonna Gianni , Beretta Gianni , Tancini Gabriele , De Palo Giuseppe M. , Gasparini Marco , Doci Roberto
Published: April 2018

This paper reviews the effects of adriamycin (ADM) observed in a series of 485 patients (419 adults and 66 children) treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, from September 1968 to December 1973. Nine two patients were insufficiently treated to provide meaningful information on drug effects. The drug was administered by rapid intravenous injection through 6 dose schedules. In the last two schedules ADM was administered every 3 weeks at the dose of 20–25 mg/m2 for 3 consecutive days (schedule E) or of 60–75 mg/m2 in a single injection (schedule F). With schedules E and F there was an appreciable decrease in the incidence of stomatitis and of severe myelosuppression. Thrombocytopenia occurred in about 10 % of patients. The overall incidence of cardiomyopathy was 1.9 %. As observed by American investigators, cardiomyopathy occurred especially after a total dose exceeding 600 mg/m2 (17 %) and 4/9 patients died of irreversible heart failure. Congestive failure occurred in 7/9. In 6/9 patients showing cardiomyopathy ADM was administered through schedules E or F. One patient was a child 3 years old and 8 were adults with a mean age of 39 years. Non specific electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in about 10 % of patients during treatment with ADM but only exceptionally were they able to predict subsequent cardiomyopathy. The therapeutic results were promising in several types of previously treated and untreated neoplastic disease. The best responses (complete plus partial remission greater than 50 %) were observed in the group of malignant lymphomas (44%) especially in histiocytic lymphoma (67 %), in Ewing's sarcoma (41 %), Wilms's tumor (55 %), carcinoma of thyroid (45 %), testicular tumors (39 %), neuroblastoma (38 %), naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (29 %), breast cancer (26 %), as well as in the small series of acute and chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Significant regressions were also obtained in transitional carcinoma of urinary bladder (2/6) ovarian carcinomas (29 %), in soft tissue sarcomas (22 %) and in mesothelioma (25 %). A lower rate of substantial tumor response was seen in bronchogenic (15 %) and gastrointestinal carcinomas (22 %) as well as in epidermoid carcinomas of head and neck (10 %). No significant regression was noted in osteogenic sarcomas, chondrosarcoma, renal carcinoma and malignant melanoma. In responsive patients the mean duration of response was usually short. This could be in part explained by the fact that (41 %) of patients had previously been treated with conventional drugs. Our experience shows that ADM is useful in a number of neoplastic diseases, where it produces a prompt tumor regression in responsive patients. The successful results achieved with ADM as a single agent indicate that the drug should be incorporated in several protocols of combination chemotherapy and of combined treatment modalities provided the total dose does not exceed 550 mg/m2.
Further Trial of Clinical Diagnostic Index for the Malignancy Diagnosis of Mammary Nodules.
Authors: Di Pietro Sergio , Re Alberto
Published: April 2018

The results of a further trial of a clinical diagnostic index (CDI) for ill-defined mammary nodules, based on the algebrical results of positive numerical values (for a suspect feature), or negative numerical values (for non suspect feature), attributed to 10 characteristic semeiological features, previously described, are reported. 222 nodules were clinically examined, all subsequently subjected to mammography and 188 of them to ther-mograpy; they were then operated and examined histologically. Of 106 malignant nodules the accuracy of the CDI was 88.6 % with 4.7 % false negatives; for mammography 65 % with 21.7 % false negatives; for termography (out of 87 cases) 66.6 with 23 % false negatives. The accuracy in 116 benign nodules was 45.6 % for the CDI, 32.7 % for mammography and 29.7 % for termography (out of 101 cases). In three cases of malignant nodules in women below 35 years of age, all three examinations gave negative results. The relations between the diagnostic errors of the three examinations, as well as the dimensions and histo-type of the nodules are also considered. It may be concluded, that the CDI is a simple rapid and highly accurate clinical investigation for early diagnosis of mammary carcinoma.
Characters of Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus with Report of a Case.
Authors: Urbano Ugo , Fornaciari Gino
Published: April 2018

The case of a 72 year old woman with primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus, subjected twice to surgical operation with a 17-month interval and still alive 35 months after the onset symptoms is reported. In order to outline the biologic behaviour of this rare neoplasm, 44 similar bibliographic cases are analysed and comparisons made between melanoma and carcinoma of the esophagus as well as between melanomas of the esophagus and of the skin.
Experimental Study of the Relationships between Activation of Erythropoiesis and Hematotoxicity of Some Antitumoral Agents.
Authors: Pannacciulli Ivo , Bugliolo Giuseppe , Massa Giulio , Ronco Dario , Fresco Giovanni , Saviane Alberto , Dolcino Gabriella , Celle Guido
Published: April 2018

The changes in the blood toxicity of some antitumoral chemotherapeutic agents in the presence of erythropoiesis activation by bleeding are evaluated. The general toxicity seems to be unaffected but the damage to erythropoiesis proved, in absolute terms, to be more severe in the bled animals. The recovery of hematopoiesis was slower after some drugs than others. These results are discussed in the light of present knowledge of hematopoietic kinetics and of the relationships between antiblastic drugs and stamina] hematopoietic compartments.
Neurinoma of the Abdominal Vagus and Relapsing Peptic Ulcer.
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Doci Roberto , Azzarelli Alberto , Gennari Leandro
Published: April 2018

A singular association of neurinoma of the abdominal vagus with relapsing peptic ulcer is reported. The singularity lies in the exceptional finding of a neurinoma of the left abdominal vagus –- not previously recorded in the literature –- and in the concomitant severe relapsing peptic ulcer, for which the nerve lesion may have been partly responsible.
An Effective Immunodepressive Treatment for Demonstrating in Allogeneic Mice the Tumorigenic Properties of Cells Grown in Vitro.
Authors: Parodi Silvio , Cavanna Marco , Finollo Renata , Brambilla Giovanni , Furlani Ariella , Scarcia Vito
Published: April 2018

Short intensive treatment with N-diazoacetylglycine amide (DGA) before the inoculum, followed by prolonged daily administration of L-aspàraginase (Asnase), was tested for its ability to elicit tumorigenic properties of fibroblast-like cells cultured in vitro. With this treatment progressive tumor growth was obtained in allogeneic mice injected with cells of a transformed subline. Results show that combined use of DGA and Asnase affords a higher probability of proving in vivo the tumorigenic properties of injected cells than in newborn or X-irradiated recipients. Experimental data indicate that L-asparagine depletion does not inhibit the in vitro growth of fibroblast-like cells.
Immediate and Long-Term Results of Anterior Resection in Tumors of the Rectum and Sigmoid.
Authors: Gennari Leandro , Doci Roberto , Podrecca Stefano , Orefice Sergio , Bozzetti Federico , Cataldo Ignazio
Published: April 2018

127 anterior resections for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid were performed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori from 1950 to 1972. In 48% of cases the site of tumor was upper rectum and recto-sigmoid. The surgical mortality rate was 4,7%. Complications were observed in about 40%, fecal fistula being the most frequent. It seems correlable with the anastomotic technique and is significantly reduced by colostomy. Local failure occurred in 8,3% of patients with maximum rate (28,5%) for tumors located under 12 cm from the anus. The 5-year over-all survival rate was 73,3% with substantial differences according to the extent of initial disease.
Enzootic Bovine Leukemia: C-type Virus in a Cow with Acute Leukemia and in Cattle with Persistent Lymphocytosis from a Dairy Herd.
Authors: Rampichini Luigi , De Castro Portugal Fernando L. , Severini Maurizio , Rutili Domenico
Published: April 2018

A case of acute lymphatic leukemia in a 7-month-pregnant Italian Friesian cow, aged about 6 years and belonging to a small dairy herd of 11 cows is described. Hematologic, histopatologic and ultrastructural examinations were performed, the ultrastructural studies were confined to the lymphnodes, thymus and buffy-coat cultures from peripheral blood. The remaining animals were subjected to hematologic examination and electron microscopy examination of buffy-coat cultures from peripheral blood. C-type particles were found in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-treated and untreated buffy-coat cultures from the leukemic cow and from the animals with persistent lymphocytosis. C-type particles were also found in milk samples from 3 cows with persistent lymphocytosis.
Evidence of an Intrinsic Defect of Lymphocyte Reactivity in AKR Mice.
Authors: Collavo Dino , Biasi Giovanni , Colombatti Alfonso , Varotto Mario , Fabbris Roberto
Published: April 2018

Like their AKR/J parent, (CBAT6T6 × AKR/J)F1 mice are carriers of endogenous G-MuLV and present a high incidence of spontaneous lymphoma. However, the F1. hybrids do not present the immunological deficits seen in pre-leukemic AKR/J mice since they respond normally to in vitro PHA stimulation and to in vivo LPS immunization. These observations suggest that there is probably no direct relationship between the presence of MuLV and immunological impairment. Studies have been carried out to ascertain whether the altered immunological reactivity seen in AKR/J mice is related to factors intrinsic to the immunocompetent cells or to environmental inadequacy. Thus, (CBAT6T6 × AKR/J)F1 mice were thymectomized, irradiated, reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow and simultaneous transplant of CBAT6T6 and AKR/J thymus, and their lymphocyte response to PHA was assayed. In addition, antibody production following LPS immunization was studied by transferring AKR/J splenic cells to irradiated CBAT6T6 or (CBAT6T6 × AKR/J)F1 mice, and vice-versa. The results of these investigations indicate that an intrinsic lymphocyte hyporeactivity is present in AKR/J mice and environmental factors do not modify the reactivity of the transferred immunocompetent cells.
A Case of Thyroid Metastasis from Hypernephroma.
Authors: Vaglini Maurizio , Bozzetti Federico
Published: April 2018

The literature on the subject is reviewed and a case of isolated thyroid metastasis from hypernephroma is presented. Although isolated metastases are very rare, the possibility of long survival justifies aggressive surgery.
Clinical-statistical Correlation in 286 Cases of Diffuse and Intestinal Carcinoma of the Stomach.
Authors: Parisi Valerio , Picone Alessandro , Mastro Angelo Antonio , Cerra Romolo
Published: April 2018

286 gastric carcinoma cases have been classified according to Lauren's system. The intestinal and diffuse histotypes are compared, and correlated with the epidemiologic data, type of operation and follow-up. The results show that total gastrectomy is indicated in diffuse carcinoma.
Alcohol Infusion of the Pituitary, High-dose Medroxyprogesterone and their Association as Analgesics in Advanced Breast Cancer.
Authors: Martino Gemma , Ventafridda Vittorio
Published: April 2018

The analgesic effects of alcohol infusion of the pituitary, high-dose progesterone and their association on chronic intractable pain in TX N+ M+ breast cancer patients no longer responsive to combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy are assessed. The antalgic effect of medroxyprogesterone proved to be more lasting than that of alcohol infusion of the pituitary. Moreover, 6 of the 20 patients treated with the former presented regression of the disease whereas none of those treated with alcohol did so.
Controlled Study with 1-Phenylalanine Mustard (L-PAM) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus or minus Prednisone in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Rossi Anna , Brambilla Cristina , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

Three combination therapies with L-PAM, 5-FU, intravenously or orally, plus or minus prednisone, were evaluated in advanced breast cancer with the purpose of identifying an active treatment to be employed as adjuvant to surgery in early breast cancer with histologically positive axillary nodes. Complete plus partial responses were as follows: L-PAM + 5-FU p.o. 7%; L-PAM + 5-FU i.v. 22%; L-PAM + 5-FU i.v. + prednisone 40%. Complete plus partial responses were definitely inferior to those achieved with available multiple drug treatments for advanced breast cancer. The combinations tested are not considered as a treatment of first choice in disseminated disease. However, their usefulness in an adjuvant situation cannot be excluded.
Long Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Melanoma of the Limbs
Authors: Cascinelli Natale , Balzarini Gian Paolo , Fontana Vincenzo , Morabito Alberto , Orefice Sergio
Published: April 2018

The outcome of surgical treatment of malignant melanoma has been evaluated on the basis of 157 limbs patients observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from January 1950 to December 1973. It was found that sex, site of origin and excisional biopsy do not affect the prognosis. The presence of regional nodes metastases is the factor that weight most heavily on long term results: 57.6% of patients without regional node metastases and only 15.2% of patients with positive bodes are free of disease 10 years after treatment. The depth of invasion and histological type of melanoma were found to be useful because they reveal the potential aggressiveness of the tumor: 2 out of 11 cases of lentigo maligna, 4 out of 55 cases of superficial spreading melanoma, 23 out of 91 cases of nodular melanoma and 12 out of 79 cases of Clark's level III, 8 out of 44 level IV and 8 out of 14 level V had regional nodes metastases. These two parameters were found to be correlated: lentigo maligna and superficial spreading melanoma infiltrate little as a rule whereas about half of nodular melanoma were classified as levels IV or V. Since there is not at present a definite evidence that an « elective » node dissection achieves better risults than excision only of primary melanoma followed by a possible « curative » dissection the so called « prophilactic » node dissection is considered mainly as a « staging » procedure and indicated only for level V melanoma where the incidence of nodes metastases is higher than 50%.
Effect of Peptichemio upon Localization of Injected Radiolabelled Lymphocytes in the Lymphatic Organs of Antigen - Stimulated Mice
Authors: Caruso Calogero , Benvegna Salvatore , Palmeri Patrizia , Cillari Emilio
Published: April 2018

Increased localization (trapping) of lymphocytes occurs in lymphoid organs following antigenic challenge. The effect of peptichemio (PTC) upon lymphocyte trapping in lymph nodes and spleen was investigated: the results demonstrate that the drug diminishes trapping in lymphatic organs. The depression of lymphocyte trapping may provide at least one mechanism whereby PTC achieves its immunosuppressive effects.
Pseudo-Malignant Necrotic Histiocytosis of Lymph Nodes in Children. A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Micheau Christian
Published: April 2018

Dorfman and Warnke (3) have previously described varieties of lymphadenopathy simulating malignant lymphomas, and they have emphasized the diagnostic difficulties encountered. At the Gustave-Roussy Institute, we have observed 2 cases of lymphadenopathy, in young boys, which mimicked lymphoma. No reference to the particular clinical and histological features of this disorder could be found in the literature. The boys, 2 and 3 years of age, presented with massive cervical adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and intermittent fever, associated with a chronic nasopharyngitis, anemia and eosinophilia. Specific adenitis could be eliminated on the basis of laboratory data. No definite diagnosis could be established upon microscopic evaluation of the nodes. None of the pathologists, asked in consultation, was able to determine whether the lesion was malignant or not. Under these circumstances, 1 of the patients was treated by methotrexate and steroids, and the other by radiotherapy, neither with complete success. Fever and adenopathy continued off and on over a period of 5 years. However, at 7 years follow-up, both patients are now without evidence of disease. Microscopically, the features of the lymph nodes of these 2 patients were quite similar. Lymphoid tissue was more or less replaced by a diffuse histiocytosis with necrotic areas. Giant cells and macrophages could be found in the vicinity of the necrotic areas. Plasma cells, eosinophils, mast cells and bizarre cells simulating Reed-Sternberg cells were also observed. It was necessary to rule out 4 major diagnoses: Letterer-Siwe disease, sinus histiocytosis of Rosai and Dorfman, malignant histiocytosis, and Hodgkin's disease of the epithelioid type. The possibility of a new entity, which appears to have a self-limited course, must be recognized, if inappropriate use of radical therapy is to be avoided. The etiology of this pseudo-malignant necrotic histiocytosis is not clear and, for the moment, no precise pathogenesis can be proposed.
Significance of Ascitic Fluid and Peritoneal Washing Cytology in Ovarian Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Cefis Francesco , Forni Alessandra , Carinelli Silvestro , Cangini Lillirosa
Published: April 2018

The results of the cytological test on 179 ascitic fluids and 88 peritoneal washes of patients suspected to have ovarian tumors are critically reviewed to illustrate the difficulties, limitations and future possibilites of this technique. Tissue correlation was available in all cases. The data was evaluated in order to obtain information as to the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of cytological examination, both in ascitic fluids and in peritoneal washings. A correct diagnosis as to the ovarian tumor histotype was obtained in more than 80 per cent of the cases.
Inhibition of 3'-Methyl-4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis by Portacaval Shunt
Authors: Fiala Silvio , Pragani Babulal , Reuber Melvin D.
Published: April 2018

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats on which end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS) operation was performed did not develop hyperplastic nodules and hepatomas when they were fed 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in semisynthetic basal diet for periods of up to 169 days. In contrast, all the intact rats fed the same diet for only 75 days, developed hyperplastic nodules in the liver. Transferred to normal pellet for another 25 days, hepatomas developed in 100% of these animals. The amount of protein-bond 3'-Me-DAB was found to be much smaller in operated rats than in intact animals. The glutathione (GSH) level in PCS-operated rats was lower than in intact controls. A single large dose of 3'-Me-DAB led to the increase of only about 30% in the concentration of GSH during the period of 24–48 h, compared to the increase of 50–100% in non-operated rats. No clear tendency to a gradual increase in the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was noted in PCS-operated rats during the period of 5% months of 3'-Me-DAB feeding. The increase in GT-ase activity never exceeded 30% above the level of GT-ase in the livers of PCS-operated rats fed basal diet without the carcinogen. This striking inhibition of GT-ase increase induced by 3'-Me-DAB in PCS-operated rats contrasted with an increase of GT-ase activity by 5,000% found in livers of non-operated rats with hyperplastic nodules after 75 days of 3'-Me-DAB feeding and the increase by up to 10,000% in developed hepatomas. These effects and the inhibition of 3'-Me-DAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, manifested by lack of preneoplastic morphologic changes and the absence of hepatomas in rats after PCS, can best be explained by functional deficiency of the liver to metabolize the procarcinogen 3'-Me-DAB into an activated carcinogen.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Cancer: A Comparative Study
Authors: Azzolina Luigi S. , Fracastoro Girolamo , Pisarri Nicola , Lievore Renato , Cordiano Claudio , Tridente Giuseppe
Published: April 2018

The sera of 212 patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases have been radio-immunoassayed for the presence of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using 3 different kits produced by Hoffman La Roche, Switzerland (RCK), by Sorin-IRE, Italy and Belgium (SCK), and by the Istituto Sieroterapico Milanese, Italy (ICK). In the presence of endodermically-derived system carcinomas, the RCK gave more positive results (72.6%) than did the SCK (63.1%) or ICK (56.2%). With regard to other carcinomas, ICK (50.0%) and SCK (47.1%) gave better results than did RCK (30.6%). The results are discussed in terms of clinical usefulness of the CEA assay and as regards reproducibility, procedural advantages, and economical cost of each kit. It is concluded that the CEA assay cannot be used for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers, although it is useful as a measure of « cancerosity » for prognostic purposes. In this sense the double antibody method employed by SCK and ICK is clinically more advantageous than is the perchloric acid extraction-zirconyl phosphate gel precipitation method of RCK.
Intravenous Administration of BCG in Advanced Melanoma Patients
Authors: Orefice Sergio , Cascinelli Natale , Vaglini Maurizio , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

From June 1975 to August 1977, 19 patients with distant metastases of malignant melanoma of the skin that were no longer responsive to chemotherapy were treated with BCG given intravenously. A single dose of lyophilized Pasteur BCG ranging from 2×107 to to 3×108 viable units was given in 500 ml of saline infused in 5 to 6 h. Seven of the 16 evaluable patients benefited from treatment; 3 showed an objective regression of more than 50% of the original tumor volume, and 4 an arrest of tumor growth. The objective regressions lasted from 2 to 5 months, and 1 case had an arrest of tumor growth for 29 months. The regression rate was related to the BCG dosage: 2×108 viable units appears to be the dosage that gives severe but reversible toxicity and is able to induce objective regression. The most responsive lesions were skin and subcutaneous deposits (5 of 7) and lung metastases (1 of 4). Toxic effects seem to be related to the number of bacilli injected. In the group of 10 cases treated with less than 108 units, toxicity was modest: 4 patients had fever (up to 38.5 °C) that lasted a few days, and in 3 cases it was associated with shivering during the infusion period and weakness. One case only had vomiting and jaundice. Toxicity was severe in the 9 patients that were treated with a dosage higher than 108: patients had fever and weakness for at least 4 days and shivering during the infusion. Two had adrenal insufficiency and 7 had liver enlargement and jaundice with return to normality by day 21. In the whole series 8 patients had leucopenia and 5 thrombocytopenia for 2 to 3 days: only 1 patient required blood and platelet transfusion. No significant variations in immunoglobulin levels were observed. No variations of PPD or BCG skin tests were observed after treatment. Three patients expired; the first, treated with 6×107 units, had an intercurrent disease (autopsy showed a heart infarction); the second, treated with 1.8×108, showed a rapid growth of lung metastases and died 15 days after treatment; the death of the third patient was probably due to anaphylactic shock. All 3 patients had been previously treated with BCG, given by scarification or intranodular injection.
Thyroid Cancer in Childhood
Authors: Doc Roberto , Pilotti Silvana , Costa Alberto , Semeraro Giancarlo , Cascinelli Natale
Published: April 2018

From 1956 to 1975 21 patients (13 females and 8 males) with thyroid cancer developed by age 14 have been observed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. Follicular adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 4 cases and papillary adenocarcinoma in 17. Five patients (24%) had been given previous cervical irradiation for benign conditions. At admission lung metastases were evident in 2 patients (one affected by follicular and the other by papillary adenocarcinoma). All patients were submitted to surgical treatment, which in most cases consisted in total thyroidectomy plus elective lymph node dissection; serious postoperative complications were not observed. External irradiation was given to 4 patients, since surgery had not been radical. Radioiodine treatment was performed in the 2 patients with lung metastases: in the patient with follicular adenocarcinoma metastases disappeared after 131I treatment, whereas in the other one they still persist unmodified 10 years later. A local recurrence occurred in 3 cases and pulmonary metastases in one: all of them made an apparent recovery after surgical and/or radioiodine treatment. All patients are alive and, except one, without evidence of disease after a follow-up period from 14 months to 21 years. Although differences in evolution have been noted according to the histotype, the prognosis of thyroid cancer in childhood is good, evenif distant metastases are present.
Giant-Cell Pneumonia and Lung Tumorlets in a Leukemic Four-Year-Old Child
Authors: Silvestri Furio , Giarelli Luigi , Mlac Marjan , Gori Daniela , Tamaro Paolo
Published: April 2018

The authors report a case of a 4-year-old child whose death resulted from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and giant-cell pneumonia. Typical lung tumorlets were occasionally observed. On electron microscopy study it was possible to demonstrate a large number of neurosecretory granules in the tumorlet's cells, identical to those present in Kulchitsky's cells. These studies suggest the occurrence of an abnormal immunitary process.
Evaluation of the Scintigraphic Technique for Detecting Bone Metastases in 100 Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Molino Annamaria , Benini Franco , Giorgetti Pier Giorgio , Capelli Maria Carla , Zamboni Massimo , Savarin Tania , Bassetto Antonietta , Vettore Luciano , Marabini Alberto
Published: April 2018

In an attempt to evaluate the utility of bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis and follow-up of skeletal metastases, radioisotopic scan (total body) by 99mTc has been performed on 100 patients suffering from breast cancer in various stages. The radiographic control followed the scan on the basis of clinical or scintigraphic suspicion of bone lesions. Twenty-one patients showed metastases by scan, and in all but 2 the radiography was concordantly positive; in 22 subjects scintigraphy and radiology demonstrated non-malignant lesions. Both scan and radiology were used to explore 169 metastatic localizations, with concordant results in 45% of the sites; however, 7% of the sites with discordant results became positive for metastasis by radiology some months after the scan positivity. The false–negative results were more frequent in the radiographic study (27%) than with the scintigraphic scan (21%). The latter technique was unable to detect osteoblastic lesions in particular. The scintigraphic test also gave reliable results in the follow-up procedure, frequently anticipating the radiological modifications of metastatic lesions. In conclusion, bone scan often appears to be more accurate and precocious than the roentgengraphic test in the detection and the follow-up of skeletal metastatic lesions; it suggests the utility of the bone scan as a preliminary test, which allows a more rational use of the radiology.
Lobectomy with Bronchoplastic Procedures for Lung Cancer
Authors: Valente Maurizio , Grandi Cesare , Cataldo Ignazio , Pizzocaro Giorgio , Ravasi Gianni
Published: April 2018

From April 1970 to October 1977, 19 patients with lung cancer of the upper lobar bronchus orifice underwent radical lobectomy with major bronchus resection. Sleeve lobectomy was accomplished in 11 cases and wedge lobectomy in the remaining 8. The length of the free bronchial margin in the surgical specimen was less than 1 cm in 3 cases, but limited pulmonary reserve did not allow pneumonectomy. Squamous carcinoma was diagnosed in 14 patients, adenocarcinoma in 2, oat-cell carcinoma in 2, and large cell carcinoma in one. Most cases (70%) were pathological stage I. There was one operative death due to anastomotic leakage (5%), and another patient required pneumonectomy completion. Of 13 patients with non oat-cell carcinoma and adequate bronchial resection, none had local recurrence: 3 patients developed distant metastases, and 10 are alive and disease-free after a follow-up period ranging from 16 to 104 months. The authors conclude that in selected lung cancer patients lobectomy with bronchoplastic procedures is superior to pneumonectomy for tissue sparing advantages.
Abdominal and Extra-Abdominal Desmoid Tumors. Report of 21 Cases
Authors: Zingo Lorenzo , Cusumano Fabio , Salvadori Bruno
Published: April 2018

Desmoid tumors are easily diagnosed when located within the muscles of the abdominal wall. On the contrary, extra-abdominal desmoids, because of their various sites and lack of pathognomonic signs, can be very difficult to diagnose. A review of 21 cases of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan confirms that these tumors primarily affect young, multiparous women and that even extra-abdominal desmoids are prevalent in women. All patients were treated by radical surgery consisting of wide excision in 18 cases, hemimandibulectomy in 1 case, and amputation of the lower limb in 2 cases. Radical surgery resulted in no recurrences in all cases but one. Our results are in contrast with the relatively high recurrence rates reported in the literature.