bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud Point Extraction as a Method for Preconcentration of Metal Ions
Authors: Hasic Nusreta , Horozic Emir
Published: June 2021

Cloud point extraction (CPE) is an attractive technique that reduces solvent con- sumption and exposure, disposal costs, and process time. This method has an im- portant practical application and is used to separate and concentrate the analyte as a step before its determination, and after the formation of a poorly water-soluble complex. Use of nonionic surfactants as ”green solvents” which represent an effec- tive alternative to toxic organic solvents (in classical extraction), along with other advantages, such as low cost and low flammability, makes this method attractive and worth further research and optimization. This paper presents a detailed de- scription of the principles, procedure, advantages, disadvantages and application of CPE.
НЕНАД ТАДИЋ И ДАВОР МИЛИЧЕВИЋ – СЛУЧАЈ ЗАБОРАВЉЕНИХ ДРАМАТИЧАРА
Authors: Симовић Раде Г.
Published: June 2021

Драма Републике Српске заокружује тридесет година постојања, нагнута над сталном опасношћу егзистенције опстанка. С једне стране, суочена је са прећутним утапањем у „босански идентитет“, а са друге, маргинализована у очима српских културних и политичких елита. То се посебно од- носи на огранак ратне, политичке сатире, чији су зачетници Ненад Тадић и Давор Миличевић. Намјера је нашег рада да њихове комедије изнова учинимо видљивим и понудимо по- зоришној сцени Босне и Херцеговине, не само из наведених разлога већ, прије свих, њихове умјетничке вриједности која не „тамни“ ни послије толико година.
СНОВИ О УМРЛИМ БЛИЖЊИМА И ПРОЦЕС ТУГОВАЊА
Authors: Марковић Јелена З. , Боровић Лука Д.
Published: June 2021

Снови о умрлим ближњима изразито су честа појава, нарочито у периоду непосредно након губитка блиске особе. Велики број научних истраживања овог феномена своди се на класификацију различитих мотива и емоција које се јав- љају у сновима, без покушаја опсежнијег објашњења појаве. У овом раду снови о умрлим ближњима тумаче се путем комбинације сазнања о процесу туговања који је описала Елизабет Кублер-Рос, те различитих теорија објектних од- носа у оквиру психоанализе. Овај тип снова је неопходно схватити као дио процеса суочавања с губитком и интерна- лизованом сликом умрле блиске особе, који се одвија пара- лелно и на несвјесном и на свјесном, тј. когнитивном плану. Стога ови снови имају функцију суочавања особе са реал- ношћу губитка и са сопственим амбивалентним емоцијама према умрлом. У идеалном случају, процес туговања и снијевања о покојнику завршава се мирењем с губитком и инкорпорацијом позитивних аспеката односа и вољене особе.
ИМПЛИЦИТНА ПЕДАГОГИЈА СРПСКЕ ПОЕЗИЈЕ ЗА ДЈЕЦУ (с посебним аспектом на васпитни поступак физичког кажњавања дјеце)
Authors: Јовић Слободан М.
Published: June 2021

У анализи се полази од поставки имплицитне педагогије, чија је суштина у проширењу педагошког домена на области културе и умјетности. Разматран је поступак физич- ког кажњавања васпитаника у српској поезији за дјецу у пе- риоду од Јована Јовановића Змаја до савремених српских пјесника за дјецу. Васпитни поступак физичког кажњавања дјетета у српској поезији за дјецу сагледаван је кроз три мање цјелине: физичко кажњавање у породици, физичко кажњавање у школи и физичко кажњавање у друштвеној за- једници. У значајном броју поетских текстова аутора разли- читих генерација заступљена је тема физичког кажњавања дјеце. То указује на патријархалну утемељеност наше кул- туре, на надређени положај одраслог и подређени положај дјетета.
From Knowledge Sharing to Reflective Thinking: Using Focus Group to Promote EFL Teachers’ Reflectivity
Authors: Farahian Majid , Parhamnia Farshad
Published: June 2021

Educational research literature has underscored the key role of collaboration and interaction among teachers. As such, the present study, as its main objective, sought whether knowledge sharing in a reflective focus group improved English as a foreign language(EFL) student teachers’ reflective practice. In addition, it explored the benefits and challenges to knowledge sharing in a reflective focus group. To this end, a survey of reflective practice, and a semi-structured interview were employed to investigate research questions. Eleven Iranian Master of Arts (MA) students who were, at the same time, EFL teachers in languages schools served as the participants of the study. The results indicated that the focus group platform could enable EFL teachers to improve their reflective practice through interaction with colleagues. Among other factors, receiving constructive feedback, and recognizing the possible relationship between theory and practice were the benefits of knowledge sharing through reflective practice. Regarding the barriers to using reflective focus group, various inhibitors were reported by the participants that can be classified into personal, institutional, and educational factors. The implications of the study are also presented.
Micronized Dehydrated Amnion Chorion Membrane (mdHACM) Injection in the Treatment of Chronic Achilles Tendinitis: A Large Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Spector Jay , Hubbs Brandon , Kot Kimberly , Istwan Niki , Mason David
Published: June 2021

Background: Human amniotic membrane contains growth factors and cytokines, which promote epithelial cell migration and proliferation, stimulate metabolic processes leading to collagen synthesis, and attract fibroblasts, while also reducing pain and inflammation. Randomized studies have shown that micronized dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane (mdHACM) allograft injection is an effective treatment for plantar fasciitis. Our objective is to present our experience with using mdHACM injection as a treatment for Achilles tendinopathy and report short term treatment outcomes. Methods: Included in this retrospective case series were patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy treated with mdHACM by a single physician were identified from an electronic medical record system. Included for analysis were those with at least 2 follow up visits within 45 days of mdHACM injection. Outcomes examined included change in reported level of pain during the 45-day observation period and adverse events associated with treatment. Results: Follow-up data were available for 32 mdHACM-treated patients and abstracted from the electronic medical record. At treatment initiation 97% of patients reported severe (66%) or moderate (31%) pain. At first follow-up visit (mean 8.1 {plus minus} 2.7 days after injection), 84% (27/32) had reported improvement in pain levels, although 37% of patients continued to report severe (6%) or moderate (31%) pain. At the second follow-up visit (mean 23.1 {plus minus} 6.2 days after injection), no patients reported severe pain and one reported moderate pain. Within 45 days of mdHACM injection complete resolution of symptoms was reported by 66% of treated patients (n=21) with the remaining 34% reporting improvement but not complete resolution (n=11) of their symptoms. Two patients reported calf or quadricep pain or tightness post-injection. Conclusions: In a single practice mdHACM injection reduced or eliminated pain in all patients where follow-up data was available.
Where ketamine and dopamine collide
Authors: Marcus David J , Bruchas Michael R
Published: June 2021

Ketamine strengthens connections between two brain regions that are involved in the production and regulation of dopamine, which may explain how the drug can alleviate depression.
Marathon race performance increases the amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory system of runners: an incentive for “clean air marathon runs”
Authors: Zoladz Jerzy A. , Nieckarz Zenon
Published: June 2021

Background

In the last decades, marathon running has become a popular form of physical activity among people around the world. It should be noticed that the main marathon races are performed in large cities, where air quality varies considerably. It is well established that breathing polluted air results in a number of harmful effects to the human body. However, there have been no studies to show the impact of marathon run performance on the amount of the deposition of varied fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the respiratory tract of runners. This is why the present study sought to determine the impact of marathon run performance in the air of varying quality on the deposition of the PM1, PM2.5, PM10 in the respiratory tract in humans.

Methods

The PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 deposition was determined in an “average runner” (with marathon performance time 4 h: 30 min) and in an “elite marathon runner” (with marathon performance time 2 h: 00 min) at rest, and during a marathon race, based on own measurements of the PM content in the air and the size-resolved DF(d) profile concept.

Results

We have shown that breathing air containing 50 µg m−3 PM10 (a borderline value according to the 2006 WHO standard - still valid) at minute ventilation (VE) equal to 8 L min−1 when at rest, resulted in PM10deposition rate of approximately 9 µg h−1, but a marathon run of an average marathon runner with the VE = 62 L min−1 increased the deposition rate up to 45 µg h−1. In the elite runner, marathon run with the VE= 115 L min−1 increased PM10 deposition rate to 83 µg h−1. Interestingly, breathing the air containing 50 µg m−3of PM10 at the VE = 115 L min−1by the elite marathon runner during the race resulted in the same PM10deposition rate as the breathing highly polluted air containing as much as 466 µg m−3 of PM10 when at rest. Furthermore, the total PM10 deposition in the respiratory tract during a marathon race in average runners is about 22% greater (203 / 166 = 1.22) than in elite runners. According to our calculations, the concentration of PM10in the air during a marathon race that would allow one not to exceed the PM10 deposition rate of 9 µg h−1should be lower than 10 µg m−3 in the case of an average runner, and it should be lower than 5.5 µg m−3 in the case of an elite runner.

Conclusions

We conclude that a marathon run drastically increases the rate of deposition of the airborne PM in the respiratory tract of the runners, as a consequence of the huge VE generated during the race. A decrease of the PM content in the air attenuates this rate. Based on our calculations, we postulate that the PM10 content in the air during a “clean air marathon run”, involving elite marathon runners, should be below 5.5 µg m−3.
Smart Intruder Detection System with OpenCV and Python
Authors: Teja P. Bhanu , Kumar P. Sandeep , Reddy N. Dileep
Published: June 2021

Thefts have been on the rise in recent years. This produces a dangerous climate in which people live in terror. In today's environment, the problem of home security is a source of anxiety. The standard intruder detection systems that we currently use are extremely expensive, and there is a risk of false alerts. This issue is solved by combining OpenCV and a mobile phone to create a framework that can accurately recognize a interloper while filtrating the movements caused by objects which are moving. If an interloper is identified, the system sends a message to the user via an API called Twilio, and the footage is saved to the local storage.
Cubosomes as Potential Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kaur Simran Deep , Singh Gurdeep , Singh Gurpreet , Singhal Keshav , Kant Shubham , Bedi Neena
Published: June 2021

Lyotropic liquid crystalline cores are characterized as soft nanoparticles and referred as cubosomes.  They are prepared to activate the natural self-assembly capability of lipids (e.g., monoolein or phytantriol) in water. Cubosomes are crystalline isotropic lipidic nanoparticles stabilized by Poloxamers such as F127, F108. It is made up of a network of two separate aqueous channels formed by a three-dimensional, non-intersecting lipid bilayer imposed over an indefinite periodic minimum surface of cubic symmetry. Cubosomes constitute unique features such as their special cubic structure which permits to incorporate highly lipophilic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic drugs. Also, the lipids excipients used in the preparation of cubosomes such as monoolein, phytantriol are biodegradable and biocompatible so these cubic nanoparticles are referred as safe carrier for drug delivery. Cubic lipid nanoparticles have a highly stable cubic shape that allows for a slower rate of dissociation, improved drug retention, and site-specific drug delivery. The architecture of cubic particles provides suitability in the drug delivery as compared to other lipids-based drug delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), liposomes due to their drug expulsion to the surface of nanoparticles. Cubosomes with these loaded features/architectural composition led to an array of desired performance. Solvent evaporation, ultrasonication, hydrotrope, spray drying, melt dispersion emulsifying methods are used to prepare these carrier systems.
Prevalence and factors associated to dysphonia and laryngeal lesions: a study among teachers in a region of the Brazilian Legal Amazon
Authors: Cruz Fernanda Aguiar da , Rêgo Adriana Sousa , Firmo Wellyson Da Cunha Araújo , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Silva Flor de Maria Araujo Mendonça , Silva Ilana Mírian Almeida Felipe da
Published: June 2021

Objective: to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with dysphonia and laryngeal lesions in teachers of basic education in a region of the Amazonian region. Methods: cross-sectional study with collection of sociodemographic variables, occupational, environmental and clinics. Laryngeal lesions were evaluated by laryngoscopy. Was used a logistic regression to determine factors associated. Results: the prevalence of dysphonia and laryngeal lesions was 68.9% and 53.3%, respectively. There was association between self-reported dysphonia and respiratory problems (OR=3.00; CI95%=1.25-7.22), use of drugs (OR= 2.31, CI95%= 1.19-4.49) and noise in the internal environment (OR= 2.43; CI95%=1.24-4.73). Easy access to water was a protection factor against self-reported dysphonia (OR=0.09; CI95%: 0.01-0.79).  We found a significant association between dysphonia diagnosed and digestive problems (OR= 6.09; CI95%=2.79-13.30), external noise (OR=5.20, CI95%=1.99-13.57) and inadequate ventilation (OR=3.24; CI95%=1.36-7.74). The variables associated with higher chance of laryngeal lesions in dysphonic teachers were lighting (OR=3.74; CI95%=1.15-12.14%), acoustics (OR= 4.14; CI95%=1.32-12.95) and inadequate room size (OR= 3.76; CI95%=1.29-10.91). The use of drugs (OR=0.34; CI95%=0.12-0.92), respiratory problems (OR=0.21; CI95%=0.06-0.76) and easy access to water (OR= 0.12; CI95%=0.04-0.38) were protection factors for laryngeal lesions. Conclusion: occupational environmental factors aggravated the vocal health of this professional category. Access to water in the work impacted positively.
Aumento dos fatores de risco e suscetibilidade para o desenvolvimento de eventos tromboembólicos em indivíduos portadores de doença falciforme infectados pela Covid-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: De Jesus Gleice Kely Gomes , De Araújo Lila Teixeira , Silva Márcia Barbosa da
Published: June 2021

Introdução: diante das preocupações causadas pela pandemia do novo Corona vírus e doença relacionada (COVID-19), seja para profissionais de saúde ou da sociedade em geral, estudos relacionados aos riscos para indivíduos com doença falciforme (DF) são ainda escassos. A doença falciforme possui um estado de hipercoagulabilidade, inclusive em pacientes estáveis, sendo assim, a infecção causada pela COVID-19 possivelmente agrava as manifestações fisiopatológicas desses pacientes, podendo ter consequências fatais. Objetivo: identificar eventos tromboembólicos causados pela COVID-19 que são frequentes na DF e podem trazer complicações para esses indivíduos, com consequente aumento do risco de mortalidade. Metodologia: revisão integrativa, onde foram identificados inicialmente 278 estudos, dos quais 264 foram excluídos, sendo então mantidos 14 artigos, os quais foram categorizados conforme o desenho estabelecido para cada um destes estudos, considerando como critérios de qualidade os itens definidos na escala PEDro, associados a outros parâmetros sugestivos de artigos de boa qualidade, como o Índice H, fator de impacto, representatividade dos autores na área do estudo e instituições as quais estes autores estão vinculados. Resultados: com base nas informações descritas, identificou-se o risco aumentado de indivíduos portadores de doença falciforme para o desenvolvimento de eventos tromboembólicos graves diante da exposição à COVID-19. Conclusão: o indivíduo portador
de Doença Falciforme diante da infecção pela COVID-19 tem maior risco e suscetibilidade de desenvolvimento de complicações tromboembólicas, consequentemente aumentando suas chances de mortalidade. É de grande importância a realização de estudos clínicos sobre os efeitos tromboembólicos da COVID-19 em pacientes com DF devendo ser incentivados.
Os efeitos do método Pilates sobre a força muscular respiratória em crianças com sintomas de asma
Authors: Leiria Verônica Benachio , Lara Simone , Graup Susane , Dumke Anelise , Teixeira Lilian Pinto , Schmidt Patrícia Medeiros
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos do método Pilates sobre a força muscular respiratória em crianças com sintomas de asma. Metodologia:
nesse estudo clínico foram avaliadas 17 crianças em idade escolar (09 a 12 anos), de ambos os sexos. Inicialmente responderam ao
questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), que avalia a prevalência de asma e doenças alérgicas
em crianças e adolescentes. Assim, aquelas que obtiveram uma pontuação no ISAAC, com nota de corte igual ou superior a 5,
foram incluídas no estudo. Após as crianças realizarem uma avaliação através do manovacuômetro, a fim de mensurar as pressões
respiratórias máximas (PImáx e PEmáx) foi realizada uma avaliação antropométrica para verificar a massa corporal e a estatura. Como
intervenção, as crianças participaram de um programa de exercícios com base no método Pilates 2 vezes por semana, com duração
aproximada de 50 minutos cada sessão, durante 8 meses, totalizando 32 semanas. Resultados: Em relação às pressões, tanto a PImáx
quanto a PEmáx aumentaram pós-intervenção. Conclusão: o estudo encontrou contribuições significativas do método Pilates sobre
a força muscular respiratória (PImáx e PEmáx) de crianças com sintomas de asma. Desta forma, sugere-se que o método representa
uma ferramenta importante para melhorar a força muscular respiratória dessa população.
A REALIZAÇÃO VARIÁVEL DO GERÚNDIO NA FALA DE FEIRA DE SANTANA-BA: RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES
Authors: Dos Santos Marcelo , Moreira de Oliveira Josane , Gayer Juliana Ludwig
Published: June 2021

Este estudo inicial trata da variação nas formas de gerúndio na variedade de fala de Feira de Santana-BA. O objetivo é compreender como se dá a variação do tipo falando x falano, em que a oclusiva /d/ pode ser apagada do morfema –ndo de verbos no gerúndio. A pesquisa se fundamentou nos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolinguística (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006 [1968] e LABOV, 2008 [1972]). Foram usados 12 inquéritos de informantes estratificados por sexo, três faixas etárias e dois níveis de escolaridade. Foram controladas as variáveis linguísticas conjugação verbal, extensão do verbo e contexto seguinte. Os resultados revelaram alto grau de aplicação da regra de apagamento na amostra e indicaram que as variáveis independentes escolaridade, faixa etária e sexo condicionam a regra variável.
A FUNÇÃO PRAGMÁTICA DOS DIMINUTIVOS EM CORPORA ORAIS DAS VARIEDADES MADRILENA E CARIOCA
Authors: Pontes Camilla Santero
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho descritivo-comparativo tem por objetivo identificar quais são as funções morfopragmáticas dos diminutivos na atividade entrevista sociolinguística e observar se as formações diminutivas estão a serviço da construção de face do entrevistado para confrontar seus usos na variedade carioca do português e na variedade madrilena do espanhol. Para tanto foram analisadas doze entrevistas, sendo seis do projeto NURC-RJ e seis do projeto PRESEEA. Os dados analisados a partir da Morfopragmática (DRESSLER; MERLINI BARBARESI, 2020) e da Teoria de elaboração de faces (GOFFMAN, 1980) demonstraram a multifuncionalidade dos diminutivos. Enquanto os diminutivos do corpus carioca aparecem majoritariamente com funções pragmáticas, o que há no corpus madrileno é o predomínio do uso diminutivo indicando dimensão.
PINGUELA OU PONTE? CÓRREGO OU RIACHO? VARIAÇÃO SEMÂNTICO-LEXICAL NOS DADOS DO ATLAS LINGUÍSTICO DO BRASIL (ALiB)
Authors: Oliveira Genivaldo Da Conceição
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise das denominações registradas, nos estados da Bahia e do Paraná, no campo semântico acidentes geográficos nas cidades que constituem a rede de pontos do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB) nesses dois estados. Baseamos nosso estudo nos princípios teóricos da Dialetologia, Sociolinguística, Lexicologia e Lexicografia. O corpus é constituído das perguntas 1 a 4 do Questionário Semântico-Lexical (QSL) e se utiliza do método da Geolinguística para a análise espacial dos dados. Enfatizamos o aspecto diatópico, contudo, recorremos, de maneira periférica, à análise de outras variáveis como a diastrática e a diageracional.
MO(VI)MENTOS DA HISTÓRIA E DA CIÊNCIA: A LINGUAGEM DA PANDEMIA SOB A ÓTICA DA LINGUÍSTICA COGNITIVA
Authors: Almeida A. Ariadne Domingues , Da Silva Augusto Soares
Published: June 2021

O volume 69 da revista Estudos Linguísticos e Literários reúne 17 artigos escritos por pesquisadores do Brasil e de Portugal que discutem, em seus respectivos textos, a linguagem da pandemia de COVID-19 sob a ótica da Linguística Cognitiva. Seu primo objetivo é divulgar uma parcela da produção científica realizada acerca dessa linguagem e dos mecanismos da cognição acionados para sua produção. Assim sendo, as discussões apresentadas contemplam a conceptualização da pandemia, abordando mecanismos da cognição humana, a exemplo de metáforas, instanciadas em variados usos linguageiros, mono e/ou multimodais, elaborados nos diferentes discursos que emergem nas distintas práticas sociais decorrentes da experiência com essa doença e com o vírus que a desencadeia, o SARS-CoV-2, conhecido como novo coronavírus. Os percursos metodológicos adotados pelos autores, bem como os materiais textuais que sustentam as discussões expostas nos artigos são diversos, garantido a pluralidade na abordagem do tema norteador do volume. O conjunto dos resultados traz contribuições para o alcance de um conhecimento mais aproximado dessa linguagem empregada neste momento da história, para pensar como as significações da pandemia são construídas e como interferem no modo de tratar esse grave problema sanitário vivido por todos os povos do planeta.
“TESTOU POSITIVO PARA COVID-19”: CONSTRUÇÃO, METÁFORA, METONÍMIA
Authors: Bernardo Sandra , Velozo Naira , Almeida Wellington
Published: June 2021

Análise da construção resultativa testar positivo/negativo para coronavírus/COVID-19 (TXPY) nas formas finita e infinitiva, com vistas a postular uma descrição para essa construção que tem sido amplamente usada nas modalidades falada e escrita da imprensa e nas interações entre usuários de português. Como arcabouço teórico foram recrutados os modelos de Gramática Cognitiva de Goldberg (1995) e de Goldberg e Jackendoff (2004), bem como o trabalho de Leite (2006) sobre construções resultativas do português. A conceptualização proposta para TXPY também se baseou em processos metafóricos, metonímicos e estruturas conceptuais, como esquema imagético, domínio-matriz, frame e espaço mental. Trata-se de uma análise qualitativa de dados selecionados da Internet. A partir da fundamentação teórica, aliada aos mecanismos de coerção e de subdeterminação da gramática (LANGACKER, 2009), essas ocorrências revelaram a noção basilar de que conceptualizadores valem-se da semântica da construção.
QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS URBANAS NO CÓRREGO VICENTE PIRES – DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Costa Maria elisa Leite , Koide Sérgio , Carvalho Daniela Junqueira , Garnier Jeremie
Published: June 2021

Entre fevereiro de 2018 e janeiro de 2020, foi realizado o monitoramento hidrológico e de qualidade da água do Córrego Vicente Pires, localizado em uma zona urbana do Distrito Federal, a fim de avaliar as alterações na qualidade da água a partir da determinação de parâmetros físico-químicos, em eventos nos períodos seco e chuvoso. Foram elaborados polutogramas para os parâmetros de condutividade (elétrica), turbidez, pH, sólidos, demanda química de oxigênio e nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo), associados aos hidrogramas dos mesmos eventos, com vazões variando de 0,5 m³/s a 72,2 m³/s. O monitoramento dos eventos de cheia obteve concentrações de sólidos totais de até 7.583 mg/L, fosfato até 0,9 mg/L de PO43 e demanda química de oxigênio de até 958 mg/L. No período de estiagem, devido à menor disponibilidade de água no córrego, não há diluição de poluentes e  ressalta-se a concentração de nitrato (NO3até 9 mg/L)  em função dos lançamentos de esgotos domésticos no córrego. No período chuvoso, evidenciam-se os sólidos totais associados à lavagem da superfície e erosão do solo por grandes volumes gerados no escoamento superficial. Esses resultados expõem a necessidade de investimentos em infraestrutura de coleta de esgoto e drenagem urbana, inclusive, na adoção de medidas de contenção de sedimentos durante a realização de obras.

Palavras-chaves:  Monitoramento hidrológico; Polutograma; Cheias.

 
URBAN WATERQUALITY IN THE VICENTE PIRES STREAM – FEDERAL DISTRICT
Abstract

Between February 2018 and January 2020, hydrological and water quality monitoring of Vicente Pires Stream, located in the urban area of the Federal District, was carried out in order to assess the changes in water quality from the determination of physical-chemical parameters during events in the dry and rainy periods. Polutographs were prepared for parameters such as (electric) conductivity, turbidity, pH, solids, chemical oxygen demand and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), associated with hydrographs of the same events, with flows that ranged from 0.5 m³/s to 72.2 m³/s. The monitoring of flood events showed concentrations of total solids up to 7,583 mg/L, phosphate up 0,9 mg/L PO43 and chemical oxygen demand up to 958 mg/L. During the dry season, due to the lower availability of water in the stream, there is no dilution of pollutants and the nitrate concentration stands out (NO3 up to 9 mg/L), due to discharges of domestic sewage into the stream. In the rainy season, the total solids associated with the washing of the surface and soil erosion by large volumes of runoff stand out. These results expose a need for investment in sewage collection and urban drainage infrastructures, including the adoption of sediment containment measures during the execution of construction.

Keywords: Hydrological monitoring; Polutograph; Floods.
CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTES FROM SEPTAGE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT TRUCKS IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT, BRAZIL
Authors: Lisboa Adriane Dias da Silva , Ginoris Yovanka Pérez , Souza Marco Antonio Almeida de
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the Federal District of Brazil, the cleaning waste from on-site sanitation facilities is transported by septage trucks to sewage treatment plants (STPs) to be treated in conjunction with sewage. This research aimed to characterize the waste from septage trucks that were discharged in the two STPs in Brasilia, Federal District of Brazil. The methodology included the characterization (sampling and laboratory tests) of waste samples collected from septage trucks that discharged waste at the two STPs in Brasília, and the collection of information on the origin of this waste and the frequency of cleaning the on-site sanitation units. Great variability was found in the frequency of cleaning cesspools and septic tanks. The cleaning of the on-site sanitation facilities took place daily in some places and monthly in the remaining sites, and eventually, facilities with annual cleaning were reported. The characteristic that had the lowest variation coefficient was the pH. The presence of large concentrations of oils and greases in the residues of the septage trucks is a major inconvenience. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge of the characteristics of waste from septage trucks, its management and proper treatment.Keywords: septage; grease trap waste; septage collection and transport truck; oil and grease. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DOS CAMINHÕES LIMPA-FOSSAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASILResumoNo Distrito Federal, os resíduos da limpeza das instalações de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto são transportados por caminhões limpa-fossas para as estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs) para serem tratados em conjunto com o esgoto. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar os resíduos de caminhões limpa-fossas que descarregaram nas duas ETEs de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil. A metodologia incluiu a caracterização (amostragem e exames laboratoriais) de amostras de resíduos coletadas dos caminhões limpa-fossas que descarregaram lodo de fossa nas duas ETEs de Brasília, e a coleta de informações sobre a origem desses resíduos e a frequência de limpeza das unidades de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto. Encontrou-se grande variabilidade nas frequências de limpeza de fossas e tanques sépticos. A limpeza das instalações de tratamento descentralizado de esgotos ocorria diariamente em alguns locais e mensalmente nos demais e, eventualmente, foram registradas instalações com limpeza anual. O pH foi a característica que apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação. A presença de grandes concentrações de óleos e graxas nos resíduos dos caminhões limpa-fossas é um grande inconveniente. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento das características dos resíduos de caminhões limpa-fossas, sua gestão e tratamento adequado.Palavras-chave: lodo de fossas e tanques sépticos; resíduos de caixas de gordura; caminhões limpa-fossas; óleos e graxas.
Optimization of a modeling platform to predict oncogenes from genome‐scale metabolic networks of non‐small‐cell lung cancers
Authors: Wang You‐Tyun , Lin Min‐Ru , Chen Wei‐Chen , Wu Wu‐Hsiung , Wang Feng‐Sheng
Published: June 2021

Cancer cell dysregulations result in the abnormal regulation of cellular metabolic pathways. By simulating this metabolic reprogramming using constraint‐based modeling approaches, oncogenes can be predicted, and this knowledge can be used in prognosis and treatment. We introduced a trilevel optimization problem describing metabolic reprogramming for inferring oncogenes. First, this study used RNA‐Seq expression data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples and their healthy counterparts to reconstruct tissue‐specific genome‐scale metabolic models and subsequently build the flux distribution pattern that provided a measure for the oncogene inference optimization problem for determining tumorigenesis. The platform detected 45 genes for LUAD and 84 genes for LUSC that lead to tumorigenesis. A high level of differentially expressed genes was not an essential factor for determining tumorigenesis. The platform indicated that pyruvate kinase (PKM), a well‐known oncogene with a low level of differential gene expression in LUAD and LUSC, had the highest fitness among the predicted oncogenes based on computation. By contrast, pyruvate kinase L/R (PKLR), an isozyme of PKM, had a high level of differential gene expression in both cancers. Phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PTDSS1), an oncogene in LUAD, was inferred to have a low level of differential gene expression, and overexpression could significantly reduce survival probability. According to the factor analysis, PTDSS1 characteristics were close to those of the template, but they were unobvious in LUSC. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has recently garnered widespread interest as the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus receptor. Moreover, we determined that ACE2 is an oncogene of LUSC but not of LUAD. The platform developed in this study can identify oncogenes with low levels of differential expression and be used to identify potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Pulmonary ACE2 expression in neonatal and adult rats
Authors: Zhao Depeng , Chen Xueyu , Han Dongshan , Zhong Junyan , Zhang Su‐E , Yang Chuanzhong
Published: June 2021

Children show a distinct presentation of COVID‐19, characterized by a lower incidence and mild phenotype, but the reason for this is still unknown. The angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) functions as the primary cell entry receptor for Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and is thought to cause distinct clinical features between children and old people. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist in the level of expression and distribution of ACE2 between neonatal and adult rat lungs. The lung tissues from rats of various ages were used to investigate the expression patterns of ACE2. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to quantify or identify the localization of ACE2 in rat lungs. ACE2 was homogenously expressed in fewer alveolar type II (AT2) cells in the neonatal lung, with no polarization to the alveolar space and additional expression in pulmonary endothelium when compared to adult rat lungs. These findings suggest that the patterns of ACE2 distribution and cellular localization in rat lungs change with age.
Machine Learning in Solid‐State Chemistry: Heusler Compounds
Authors: Gzyl Alexander S. , Mar Arthur , Oliynyk Anton O.
Published: June 2021

Machine learning attempts to find underlying trends in data and offer predictions of outcomes. When machine learning is applied to materials science, in a discipline called materials informatics, the complex relationships between composition, structure, and properties can be unraveled even when the quantity of data is limited. To illustrate this application, the large class of materials known as Heusler compounds are modeled through machine learning, enabling new candidates to be predicted or existing compounds to be screened for potentially interesting properties. Data, algorithms, and preprocessing techniques are important components of a successful machine‐learning model. Efforts to predict structures and properties of Heusler compounds are reviewed, and other machine‐learning approaches to discover materials in general are discussed. Ultimately, a machine‐learning model is only valuable if its predictions are validated by experimental results. Thus, perspectives are offered to guide experimentalists on how machine learning can be useful for targeting new Heusler compounds.
CytochromecFused Copper Nitrite Reductases
Authors: Hedison Tobias M , Scrutton Nigel S
Published: June 2021

Copper nitrite reductases catalyze the reduction of soluble nitrite (NO2−) to produce gaseous nitric oxide (NO), the first committed step in denitrification (Equation ):

A number of copper nitrite reductase classes with distinct domain architectures are now known to exist in nature. Until recently, the role of the cytochrome domain in the three‐domain cytochromecfused copper nitrite reductase has remained unclear. In this article, we review the latest literature on three‐domain cytochromecfused copper nitrite reductases. In particular, this article is focused on how protein reverse engineering combined with extensive structural and biophysical analysis has shed light on the role of redox partner tethering in cytochromecfused nitrite reductase and the consequences of this domain fusion on catalysis in these unusual metalloenzymes.
Coproheme Decarboxylase
Authors: Hofbauer Stefan , Furtmüller Paul G
Published: June 2021

Coproheme decarboxylases are essential enzymes within prokaryotic heme biosynthesis. These pentameric enzymes catalyze the ultimate reaction of the so‐called coproporphyrin‐dependent pathway, yielding the final product heme
b
by oxidative decarboxylation of two propionate groups of the substrate coproheme. The reaction occurs in a stepwise manner and transiently produces a three‐propionate intermediate during catalysis. In coproheme decarboxylases, the iron‐containing porphyrin substrate is the essential redox‐active molecule, which is required for the decarboxylation of the propionate groups and formation of the heme
b
vinyls. The reaction is initiated by an oxidant, most likely hydrogen peroxide, to lift the ferric iron of coproheme to the two‐electron‐deficient coproheme‐Compound I species. A catalytic tyrosine, in close proximity to the propionate to be cleaved, delivers an electron to form a neutral tyrosyl radical, which further attacks the β‐carbon of the propionate group and triggers the decarboxylation reaction, yielding a carbon dioxide molecule and a remaining vinyl group on the porphyrin. Structurally, coproheme decarboxylases are described by five subunits, which are arranged in a ring‐like manner to form the homopentameric enzyme. One subunit is built of two ferredoxin‐like folds, which are connected by a flexible linker. The C‐terminal domain is the catalytically relevant one, which is able to bind coproheme.
Copper Storage Protein From
Streptomyces Lividans
Authors: Worrall Jonathan AR
Published: June 2021

The ability of copper to cycle between two redox states (Cu
I
/Cu
II
), each having a preference for either soft or hard ligands, gives rise to a diverse spectrum of coordination spheres within protein scaffolds that results in a broad range of functionalities. Maintaining cellular copper bioavailability and preventing the detrimental effects associated with excess Cu
I
is critical for cell viability. In the bacterial cytosol, regulatory systems exist that are chemically tuned to constrain and regulate cuprous ion bioavailability through high‐affinity‐binding sites that use predominately cuprous‐thiolate coordination chemistry. Recently, a family of four‐helix bundle proteins with a cysteine‐rich core has been discovered to reside in the bacterial cytosol. These proteins have been named copper storage proteins (Csps), reflecting their ability to coordinate up to 20 cuprous ions in the cysteine‐rich core. In the Gram‐positive, filamentous bacterium,
Streptomyces lividans
, a Csp is present. The copper regulatory systems in
S. lividans
have been well studied and the extracytoplasmic copper‐trafficking pathways, essential to initiate the copper‐dependent morphological differentiation, identified. The role the Csp plays in the copper biochemistry of
S. lividans
has been investigated from both a biological and bioinorganic chemistry perspective, and the current understanding is summarized.
Triarylboranes in the Activation of Azo‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Gazis Theodore A. , Carden Jamie L. , Alharbi Mashael M. , Melen* Rebecca L.
Published: June 2021

The field of nitrogen activation has traditionally been dominated by transition metals. However, concerns around the availability, environmental impact, and toxicity of some metals, in addition to renewed interest into the chemical reactivity of main group elements, have led chemists to investigate alternative methods of nitrogen activation. In particular, the use of boron‐containing compounds has been prevalent in the activation of nitrogen‐containing compounds. In this article, we aim to highlight how triarylboranes have been employed in the activation of azo‐containing molecules, including diazo compounds, hydrazines, azides, and diazenes.
A Universal Aqueous Conductive Binder for Flexible Electrodes
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Fu Jinzhou , Wang Chao , Zhang Ruiwang , Yang Yushan , Li Yingying , Li Caicai , Sun Qingfeng , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: June 2021

The development of wearable electronics has led to new requirements for flexible and high‐energy batteries. However, the conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binder fails in the manufacture of high‐loaded and thick battery electrodes owing to its insufficient adhesiveness and electronic insulation, let alone for flexible devices. Furthermore, organic processing is expensive and not eco‐friendly. Herein, the authors report a novel aqueous conductive binder made of carbon nanotubes interwoven in cellulose nanosheets, successfully satisfying the fabrication of flexible yet high‐strength electrodes for universal active materials of different sizes, morphologies, and negative‐to‐positive working potentials, with a high mass loading of up to ≈90 mg cm−2. The conductive binder has an ultrathin 2D‐reticular nanosheet structure that forms continuous conductive skeletons in electrodes to segregate and warp active particles via a robust “face‐to‐point” bonding mode, allowing the fabricated electrodes to have remarkable flexibility and excellent mechanical integrity even under various external forces and excessive electrolyte erosion. Flexible LCO cathodes with a mass loading of >30 mg cm−2 as a case study exhibit high mechanical strength (>20 MPa) and can easily achieve an ultrahigh areal capacity of 12.1 mAh cm−2. This cellulose‐based binder system is ideal for advanced high‐performance functional devices, especially for flexible and high‐energy batteries.
Engineering (Bio)Materials through Shrinkage and Expansion
Authors: Wang Mian , Li Wanlu , Tang Guosheng , Garciamendez‐Mijares Carlos Ezio , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: June 2021

Although various (bio)fabrication technologies have achieved revolutionary progress in the past decades, engineered constructs still fall short of expectations owing to their inability to attain precisely designable functions. Shrinkable and expandable (bio)materials feature unique characteristics leading to size‐/shape‐shifting and thus have exhibited a strong potential to equip current engineering technologies with promoted capacities toward applications in biomedicine. In this progress report, the advances of size‐/shape‐shifting (bio)materials enabled by various stimuli, are evaluated; furthermore, representative biomedical applications associated with size‐/shape‐shifting (bio)materials are also exemplified. Toward the future, the combination of size‐/shape‐shifting (bio)materials and 3D/4D fabrication technologies presents a wide range of possibilities for further development of intricate functional architectures.
Deeply Infiltrating iRGD‐Graphene Oxide for the Intensive Treatment of Metastatic Tumors through PTT‐Mediated Chemosensitization and Strengthened Integrin Targeting‐Based Antimigration
Authors: Wang Honglan , Zhou Jiyuan , Fu Ying , Zheng Yuzhao , Shen Weiyang , Zhou Jianping , Yin Tingjie
Published: June 2021

A limited infiltration and the subsequent low effective drug concentration result in poor chemotherapeutic outcomes against tumors, and even further promote tumor resistance and metastatic. Herein, iRGD‐modified graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (IPHG) are developed for the intensive treatment of metastatic tumors using focus‐specific penetrated delivery together with photothermal therapy‐mediated chemosensitization and photothermal therapy‐strengthened integrin targeting‐based antimigration. In vitro and in vivo data verified the mechanism of the tumor‐selective infiltration of IPHG is based on a rigid 2D structure‐associated advantage regarding hemodynamics and endothelial contact, followed by iRGD‐endowed transendothelial and intratumoral transport. Once IPHG‐DOX‐penetrated 4T1 tumors are exposed to near‐infrared irradiation, hyperthermia stress and photothermal therapy‐elevated effective drug concentrations result in chemosensitization and prominent tumor suppression. Meanwhile, the specific binding of iRGD to integrins and photothermal therapy leads to the synergistic perturbation of cytoskeleton remodeling and subsequent impairment of cell motility and metastasis. The tailored design of IPHG validates a promising paradigm for drug delivery to combat tumor resistance and metastasis resulting from poor target access for single chemotherapy.
CaCO3‐Encapuslated Microspheres for Enhanced Transhepatic Arterial Embolization Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Aimi , Xiao Zhisheng , Liu Qiufang , Li Panli , Xu Fei , Liu Jianjun , Tao Huiquan , Feng Liangzhu , Song Shaoli , Liu Zhuang , Huang Gang
Published: June 2021

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an extensively applied treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the worsened tumor microenvironment (TME, e.g., reduced pH post‐TAE) may result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome. Herein, a new kind of embolic agent, calcium carbonate encapsulated alginate microspheres (CaCO3‐ALG MSs) are synthesized. Such CaCO3‐ALG MSs are able to neutralize the tumor pH owing to the reaction of CaCO3 with protons, which would not affect the overall morphology of microspheres after decomposition of CaCO3. TAE treatment with CaCO3‐ALG MSs is then conducted in an orthotopic rat liver cancer model. 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose micropositron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging is conducted post‐TAE and discovered that intra‐arterial injection of CaCO3‐ALG MSs shows obvious enhanced therapeutic outcome compared to the same treatment with bare ALG MSs or the clinically used lipiodol. Further studies including analysis of immune cells in tumors, cytokine assays, and bioinformatics analysis all verify the reverse of immunosuppressive TME toward a more immunosupportive one after TAE with CaCO3‐ALG MSs. The research not only presents a new CaCO3‐containing embolic agent for enhanced TAE treatment of HCC but also highlights a clinically meaningful approach to improve cancer treatment via tumor pH neutralization.
ROS‐Responsive Boronate‐Stabilized Polyphenol–Poloxamer 188 Assembled Dexamethasone Nanodrug for Macrophage Repolarization in Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wang Xinyu , Liu Qingfeng , Yan Junjie , Pan Donghui , Wang Lizhen , Xu Yuping , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhang , Li Xiaotian , Yang Min
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disease associated with chronic inflammation. The polarization of macrophages plays the key role in inflammatory microenvironment of joint which is a therapeutic target for OA treatment. Herein, a boronate‐stabilized polyphenol–poloxamer assembled dexamethasone nanodrug with reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive drug release behavior and ROS scavenging ability is prepared. Thanks to that, the nanodrug can efficiently inhibit the ROS and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages and modulate macrophages M2 polarization at a much lower concentration than free drug dexamethasone. Furthermore, the monosodium iodoacetate‐induced OA mice treated with this nanodrug is very similar with the normal mice with the evaluation of body weight and scores including clinical arthritis scores, claw circumference, and kinematics score. The inflammation associated angiogenesis is also reduced which revealed by 68Ga‐labeled arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid peptide micro‐positron emission tomography imaging. Cartilage degradation and bone erosion in the joints are also inhibited by the nanodrug, along with the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the biosafety of this nanodrug is also verified. This nanodrug with excellent immunomodulation properties can be used not only for OA therapy but also for other inflammatory diseases associated with excess oxidative stress and macrophage polarization.