bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L EDUCATION PHYSIQUE ET SPORTIVE : DES VOLONTES ACTEES AUX DEFAILLANCES PRATIQUES
Authors:   Institut National Superieur De lEducation Populaire et Du Sport (INSEPS) De lUniversite Cheikh Anta Diop De Dakar - Senegal., Souleymane Diallo Par
Published: December 2021

Physical and sports education, as well as legislative and pedagogical law, is characterized by its marginalization of which institutional causes are indexed in this study. Data on documentary research, participatory observation and maintenance with resource persons, state of the existence of general inspectors of education and training in EPS, of the deficit of specialty inspectors EPS, from the initial absence of training in STAPS from elementary school inspectors, school principals who do not require the practice of this discipline for the masters candidates in the CAP, principals validating the temporary transfer of hours of EPS in the disciplines of cognitive knowledge, exclusion of motor education in the promotion of quality, lack of adequate space for practice, time jobs and programs that reserve few time and coefficient factors to discipline in the fundamental cycle.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT IN RURAL TEACHING SETUP
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vadodara, Gujarat, India., Mahajan Ketas
Published: December 2021

Background:Indian population is mainly residing in two areas- urban and rural. The literature has shown consistent results following knee joint replacement surgeries, however these studies have been done in highly efficient and equipped hospitals in urban areas. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare outcome at a rural set-up with those at a high-end teaching or corporate hospital in urban set-up from published literature. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational and retrospective analysis. Observation data was collected from January, 2020 and April, 2021. This study included follow-up of 60 total knee joint replacements. Results: In our study of total knee joint replacement surgeries in rural teaching set- up, we achieved 95.39% results (excellent) while the remaining 4.61% results were good. Conclusion: This study confirmed that results of total knee replacement are comparable to any other highly well equipped urban center, if all basic surgical principles including aseptic precautions are stringently followed-up. Further the clinical outcomes in our cases was more surgeon dependent rather than technology dependent as all surgeries were performed by one single surgeon.
PANCHTATAVAS - MYSTERIOUS WORLD OF MATTER
Authors:   Department of Physics, St. Andrews College, Gorakhpur 273001, India., Srivastava V.P. , Singh Rahul ,   Department of Physics, St. Andrews College, Gorakhpur 273001, India.
Published: December 2021

According to Ancient Indian philospers all matter of this universe is made up of five basic constituents commonly called panch tatavas. Indian philospher Maharishi Kanad around 500 BC postulated that matter is divisible. The smallest indivisible matter were named as parmanu. Greek philosphers named this indivisible particles atoms. In 1808 John Dalton suggest that the atom was indivisible and industructible. After the discovery of electron and proton inside the atom, led to the failure of Daltons theory. In the thirty years between the discovery of neutron in 1932 to the middle of 1962, more than thirty new particles were found, which were thought to be the builders of matter in the universe. Therefore it was established beyond doubt that all the particles discovered are not fundamental but have complex nature. In 1964 Gell-Mann and Zweing proposed that most of these particles called Quarks. Nearly 200 elementary particles were discovered so far. It appears that our search for the ultimate builder is not in a concluding stage but we are reaching towards the goal in stages. In this way we can say that the mysterious world of elementary particles and Quark is still mysterious. The same is written in Vedas and Purana that the search of ultimate particle will go on and on.
REHABILITATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF DURRES-ALBANIA
Authors:   FIN -Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tirana, Albania., Kerpaci Andrin , Abdullahu Ilir ,   UBT - Higher Education Institution, Pristina, Kosovo.
Published: December 2021

The condition of the water supply and the actual functioning of the distribution network in Durres area are inadequate to sustain demand at an acceptable level of service for all the billing zones.The distribution network of Durres city is fed at one point (Xhafzotaj junction) for 300-350 l/s with an elevation of about 50 m asl. The planned new transmission line has a diameter of 700 mm and will bring extra 630 l/s.The water distribution systems are one of the vital urban infrastructures and their operationwith a high level of service are of high importance.Many phenomena in water supply systems such as leakage, breakage of pipes etc. are afunction of pressure. When pressure dependency of demand is considered in the hydraulicanalysis, the results thereof shall be consistent with reality.This article presents the new design methodology for a good optimization of the distribution network. The distribution network has been reconstructed as a ring network. It is planned to build 6 DMAas (District Metered Area) to control the flow, pressure and consumption in DMA to build the Water Balance.
PEOPLES PERCEPTION ON WORKING OF PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM -A CASE STUDY OF KARIMNAGAR DISTRICTIN THE TELANGANA STATE OF INDIA
Authors:   Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Government City College(Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Thirupathi L.
Published: December 2021

My study is intended to analyse how Peoples perception is very important because of the 73rd constitutional amendment act that was introduced to ensure political participation of underprivileged groups like Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Women through the reservation of provisions in Panchayati Raj System at grassroots level democracy. In this context, the peoples perception of working of Panchayati Raj institutions in Karimnagar district plays a very crucial role to reveal the actual ground realities thereof and to what extent they accomplished the above-mentioned objectives. several policy initiatives have been taken for effective implementation of reservation policy in Panchayati Raj in the district. The present research work also focussed on the political backwardness of scheduled castes, scheduled Tribe leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions at the Panchayati level. It also reveals peoples perception to the conscious understanding that people have of public functionaries and official issues in the society and realistically based on their understanding level in the given context on a particular aspect.
Adaptive variability of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties
Authors: Kucher Inna
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the research was to estimate the state of varietal resources and adaptive-and-productive potential of basil plants.
Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-analytical. The field work included marking out of the experimental plot and field work. The laboratory method was used to analyze plants, assess the quality of the crop, and study physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Statistical and analytical calculation methods were used to calculate the results.
Results. The varieties of ‘Temnyi Opal’, ‘MFI-2’, ‘Siaivo’ and ‘Badioryi’ where the regression coefficient was in the range of 0.57–0.78 can be included to the group of highly plastic varieties by the “commodity yield” feature according to the results of research.  The highest rate of breeding value by the “plant weight” trait was observed in the variety of ‘Temnyi Opal’, Sc = 347.22. The group of highly plastic varieties on the basis of “plant weight” trait included the varieties ‘Mister Barns’, ‘MFI-2’, ‘Rutan’, ‘Siaivo’ and ‘Badioryi’, where the regression coefficient was in the range of 0.91–0.99. The varieties ‘Temnyi Opal’, ‘Yerevanskyi’, ‘Ametyst’ and ‘Lymonnyi Aromat’ were classified as intensive. The regression coefficient of these varieties was in the range of 1.03–1.16. The analysis of the combination of high productivity, quantitative characteristics of the crop structure with the level of ecological plasticity and stability indicates different ways of these indicators formation in separate varieties. It was revealed that a high level of plasticity and yield stability did not guarantee a similar result on some quantitative features of its structure.
Conclusions. The degree of adaptability of basil varieties can also be assessed by the value of the parameters of features variation. The obtained results will allow more objectively assessing the adaptive-and-productive potential of varieties and qualitatively selecting initial forms for further breeding for adaptability.
Agrobiological evaluation of collection of vegetable soybean varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Yatsenko V. , Poltoretskyi S. , Yatsenko A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Agrobiological assessment of soybean varieties Glycine max var. Shirofumi on a complex of economically valuable traits for introduction in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Selection of promising breeding forms based on morpho-biological and physiological-biochemical characteristics.
Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical, computatio­nal and analytical. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the educational and production department of Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020–2021, using collection varieties of different ecological and geographical origin (Ukraine, Belarus, Sweden, Japan and Russia). The cultivars were assessed according to the following parameters: plant height, leaf area, net productivity of photosynthesis and indices of individual productivity (weight of beans per plant, number of seeds in a bean, etc.), productivity of green beans and biologically mature seeds and, accordingly, quality indicators of production (dry matter, sugar and protein content). The counts were carried out in the phase of the technical ripeness of the beans.
Results. The variability of the “plant height” trait of the studied varieties had an average variation – the coefficient of variation was 22%. The results showed that the standard cultivar ‘Romatnyka’ and the collection cultivars ‘Karikachi’ and ‘Astra’ belong to the semi-determinant type of growth (97–109 cm), cultivar ‘Fiskeby V’, ‘L 380-2-13’, ‘Fiskeby V-E5’, ‘SibNIISOKh 6’, ‘Sac’, ‘Vesta’ belong to the determinant type of growth. According to the number of seeds in the pod, the studied varieties were clearly divided into two groups: with two-seeded beans (varieties ‘Karikachi’, ‘Astra’, ‘L 380-2-13’) and three-seeded beans [varieties ‘Romatnyka’ (standard), ‘Fiskeby V’, ‘Vesta’, ‘SibNIISOX 6’, ‘Sac’, ‘Fiskeby V-E5’]. The maximum yield of edamame beans was produced by varieties ‘L 380-2-13’ (17.3 t/ha), ‘Vesta’ (18.8 t/ha), ‘Sac’ (19.6 t/ha), ‘Fiskeby V’ (21.4 t/ha), ‘Fiskeby V-E5’ (22.4 t/ha). A significant differentiation of soybean varieties in the biochemical composition of immature beans was revealed. The dry matter content was 22.70–31.70%. The share of protein in edamame green beans was 28.2–38.6%, in biologically mature seeds its share increased to 36.1–42.8%. Among soluble sugars, the highest concentration was noted for sucrose – 7.70–9.38 mg/100 g in dry seeds, what in average amounted to 81.6–86.2% of all sugars. The presented results provide a comprehensive assessment of breeding work on soybean varieties with a low content of oligosaccharides.
Conclusions. Evaluation of collection varieties of vegetable soybeans by the variability of morphological traits and productivity made it possible to distinguish ‘Sac’ variety by a complex of valuable traits for creation of new varieties of vegetable soybeans adapted to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Statistical approaches to explore the linkages between physicochemical parameters and BQEs, and set river nutrient threshold concentrations in Hungary
Authors: Szomolányi O. , Clement A.
Published: December 2021

The objective of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is to achieve good ecological status in surface waters by 2027. To make a proper evaluation of the ecological status of watercourses, it is necessary to harmonize class boundaries for chemical and biological quality elements (BQEs). This paper aims to explore the linkages between physicochemical parameters and BQEs and set river nutrient threshold concentrations that support good ecological status. Regression and mismatch methods were applied to find the relationship between phytoplankton (PP) and phytobenthos (PB) ecological quality ratio and mean total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. Nutrient thresholds have been suggested for several water types, which are varied in the case of highland rivers 1.8–6.2 mg TN/l, 180–400 μg TP/l; in the case of lowland rivers 1.4–5.0 mg TN/l, and 100–350 μg TP/l. These values are similar to what other studies found, but the relationship between biology and nutrients was weaker. Besides nutrients, additional data of measured dissolved organic carbon, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand with potassium permanganate method, and information about hydromorphological features were involved in the analysis. The research demonstrates that random forest can be used as a nonlinear, multiparametric model for predicting biological class from five variables with 35–81% error for PP and with 18–47% error for PB.
A new method for dividing flood period in the variable-parameter Muskingum models
Authors: Akbari Reyhaneh , Hessami-Kermani Masoud-Reza
Published: December 2021

The Muskingum routing model is favored by water engineers owing to its simplicity and accuracy. A large amount of research is done to improve the accuracy of the model. One way to do so is to consider variable hydrological parameters during the flood routing period. In this study, the random selection (RS) method was proposed to divide the flood period of the nonlinear Muskingum model into three sub-periods. The proposed method was based on RS of members in each sub-region. It was applied to rout three flood hydrographs, and the objective function was the sum of squared errors. Comparing the results from the three variable-parameter nonlinear Muskingum model with those from the variable-parameter nonlinear Muskingum models in previous studies, the proposed model optimized the objective function in these hydrographs up to 61%. The uncertainty analysis of Muskingum parameters for Wilson's hydrograph was performed by the fuzzy alpha cut method, and it was found that the uncertainty of the parameter x is greater than the uncertainty of the parameters k and m.
An estimation of the evapotranspiration of typical steppe areas using Landsat images and the METRIC model
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Heping , Lu Haiyuan
Published: December 2021

Remote sensing excels in estimating regional evapotranspiration (ET). However, most remote sensing energy balance models require researchers to subjectively extract the characteristic parameters of the dry and wet limits of the underlying surfaces. The regional ET accuracy is affected by wrong determined ideal pixels. This study used Landsat images and the METRIC model to evaluate the effects of different dry and wet pixel combinations on the ET in the typical steppe areas. The ET spatiotemporal changes of the different land cover types were discussed. The results show that the surface temperature and leaf area index could determine the dry and wet limits recognition schemes in grassland areas. The water vapor flux data of an eddy covariance system verified that the relative error between the ETd,METRIC and ETd,GES of eight DOYs (day of the year) was 18.8% on average. The ETMETRIC values of the crop growth season and the ETIMS of eight silage maize irrigation monitoring stations were found to have a relative error of 11.1% on average. The spatial distribution of the ET of the different land cover types in the study area was as follows: ETwater > ETarable land > ETforest land > ETunutilized land > ETgrassland > ETurban land.
Identification of the most appropriate adaptation for rice and wheat in the face of climate change in eastern India
Authors: Dubey Madhuri , Mishra Ashok , Singh Rajendra
Published: December 2021

The changing climate affects natural resources that impart a negative impact on crop yield and food security. It is thus imperative to identify agro-climate wise, area-specific adaptation options to ensure food security. This study, therefore, evaluated some feasible adaptation options for two staple food grain crops, rice and wheat, in different agro-climatic regions (ACRs) of Eastern India. Alteration in transplanting date, seedling age, and fertilizer management (rate and split of fertilizer) for rice; and sowing date, fertilizer management, and deficit irrigation scheduling for wheat, are assessed as adaptation options. The crop environment and resource synthesis (DSSAT) model is used to simulate the crop yield using different plausible adaptation options to projected climate scenarios. Findings show that shifting transplanting/sowing date, and nitrogen fertilizer application at 120% of recommended nitrogen dose with four splits could be an effective adaptation for rice and wheat crops. Results also emphasize that transplanting of 18 days older seedlings may be beneficial in rice cultivation. In contrast, irrigation at a 30–40% deficit of maximum available water would sustain the wheat yield under climate change conditions. This study suggests the best combination of adaptation options under climate change conditions in diverse ACRs, which may assist agriculturists in coping with climate change.
Propranolol degradation through processes based on the generation of hydroxyl free radical
Authors: Nájera-Aguilar Hugo Alejandro , Mayorga-Santis Rosario , Gutiérrez-Hernández Rubén Fernando , Santiesteban-Hernández Antonio , Rodríguez-Valadez Francisco J. , Ulloa-Gutiérrez Diego Alberto , Araiza-Aguilar Juan Antonio , Cruz-Salomón Abumalé
Published: December 2021

Pharmaceutical substances such as propranolol (PRO) are an emerging class of aquatic contaminants that have increasingly been detected in ground and surface water. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of advanced oxidation systems for the PRO degradation. The tests started with anodic oxidation (AO), using 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M Na2SO4 as the supporting electrolyte and 16, 32, 48, and 64 mA cm−2 as current density. Under the best conditions obtained in AO, the electro-Fenton (EF) process was reviewed, where the effect of Fe2+ was analyzed with 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg Fe2+ L−1. The Fenton reaction (FR) was studied using the Fe2+ concentration that promoted the highest percentage of PRO removal and initial concentration of 16 mg L−1 of H2O2, in addition to these conditions, in the photo-Fenton (PF) system, the effect of UV light with wavelengths 254 and 365 nm were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the degradation efficiency of the EF > AO > PF > FR system along with a percent removal of 94.52, 90.4, 25.97, and 4.4%, respectively. The results showed that PRO can be removed through the studied systems, with the EF system being the most efficient.
Recent advances, influencing factors, and future research prospects using photocatalytic process for produced water treatment
Authors: Amakiri Kingsley Tamunokuro , Angelis-Dimakis Athanasios , Ramirez Canon Anyela
Published: December 2021

Oilfield-produced water is the primary by-product generated during oil and gas extraction operations. Oilfield-produced water is often severely toxic and poses substantial health, safety, and environmental issues; adequate treatment technologies can bring these streams to a quality level. Photocatalysis is a photochemical catalytic reaction that is a highly promising tool for environmental remediation due to its efficiency in mineralizing persistent and potentially toxic contaminants. However, there is limited understanding of its application to treat oilfield-produced water with a complex and highly variable water composition. This review article discusses the mechanisms and current state of heterogeneous photocatalytic systems for oilfield-produced water treatment, highlighting impediments to knowledge transfer, including the feasibility of practical applications and the identification of essential research requirements. Additionally, the effects of significant variables such as catalyst quantity, pH, organic compound concentration, light intensity, and wavelength are discussed in detail. Some solutions are proposed for scientists and engineers interested in advancing the development of industrial-scale photocatalytic water treatment technologies.
Tecnologia assistiva e inclusão escolar: mediação e autonomia em questão
Authors: Bisol Cláudia Alquati , Valentini Carla Beatris
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência, com base na análise e discussão de dois casos em que a mediação no uso de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) potencializou a aprendizagem e a constituição da autonomia. São utilizados diários de campo construídos ao longo de reuniões na escola e registros escolares como fontes de dados. Os diários permitem acessar narrativas orais que emergem espontaneamente no cotidiano escolar. O primeiro caso retrata a dificuldade de um menino com deficiência física, no uso de sua cadeira de rodas. O segundo caso refere-se à interação comunicativa de um menino com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O modo como a criança se apropria da TA, significa suas vivências cotidianas e constitui sua relação com os objetos e com os outros, possibilita que movimentos em direção à autonomia sejam construídos. O processo, porém, depende da mediação na interação com elementos culturalmente criados e com sujeitos sociais.
Stem Cell-based Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches in Alzheimer's
Disease
Authors: Abdi Sadaf , Javanmehr Nima , Ghasemi-Kasman Maryam , Bali Hanie Yavarpour , Pirzadeh Marzieh
Published: December 2021

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative impairment
mainly recognized by memory loss and cognitive deficits. However, the current therapies against AD are mostly limited to palliative medications, prompting researchers to investigate more efficient therapeutic approaches for AD, such as stem cell therapy. Recent evidence has proposed that extensive neuronal and synaptic loss and altered adult neurogenesis, which is perceived pivotal in terms of plasticity and network maintenance, occurs early in the course of AD, which exacerbates neuronal vulnerability to AD. Thus, regeneration and replenishing the depleted neuronal networks by strengthening the endogenous repair mechanisms or exogenous stem cells and their cargoes is a rational therapeutic approach. Currently, several stem cell-based therapies as well as stem cell products like exosomes, have shown promising results in the early diagnosis of AD.

Objective:

This review begins with a comparison between AD and normal aging
pathophysiology and a discussion on open questions in the field. Next, summarizing the current
stem cell-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, we declare the advantages and
disadvantages of each method. Also, we comprehensively evaluate the human clinical trials of
stem cell therapies for AD.

Methodology:

Peer-reviewed reports were extracted through Embase, PubMed, and Google
Scholar until 2021.

Results:

With several ongoing clinical trials, stem cells and their derivatives (e.g., exosomes) are
an emerging and encouraging field in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Although stem cell therapies have been successful in animal models, numerous clinical trials in
AD patients have yielded unpromising results, which we will further discuss.
Phytoconstituents of Lantana camara L.: Rekindling Hope in the Cancer
Treatment
Authors: Dhobi Mahaveer , Kathuria Ishita , Joshi Mit , Patel Bhoomika M.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Lantana camara L. belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It originated in
Tropical America in Southern Georgia and the North of Texas, and was introduced in Calcutta, India,
in the year 1809 as an ornamental hedge. The plant L. camara is also distributed in Southeast
Asia, China, Australia, Brazil, West Indies, Kenya, Mexico, East Africa, and Tanzania. Many of its
phytoconstituents possess medicinal properties which are used traditionally to treat fever, uterine
hemorrhage, and excess menstrual discharge, chronic ulcers, rheumatism, gonorrhea, toothache,
gastrointestinal pain, etc., and it has been used in Brazil for curing malaria, mange, headaches,
colds, and fevers.

Objective:

The review elaborates traditional practices related to Lantana camara L., its phytochemistry,
and its role in various types of cancers.

Methods:

The data on L. camara were collected through different online databases, like Web of
Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Google Scholar.

Results:

Major phytoconstituents isolated from the plant shows anticancer activity, especially lantadene
A-D, icterogenin, oleanolic acid, lantacamaric acid A, B, oleanonic acid, etc. In vitro and in
vivo studies demonstrate the potential of the plant for various cancers. Certain extracts, isolated
compounds, and their semi-synthetic derivatives have depicted a significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative
effect.

Conclusion:

Clinical studies related to the therapeutic efficacy of Lantana camara L. are not yet
established, therefore, making it crucial to direct future researches in this area.
Co-infection Paragonimiasis-pulmonary Tuberculosis Discovered from a Man in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: Case Report
Authors: David AKA N’da Angbeletchi , Coulibaly Fatoumata , Ehouman Mocket Adolphe , Dadie Ettawa Alphonse
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Paragonimiasis is a very uncommon zoonosis in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a trematodial disease contracted by eating fresh or undercooked crustaceans harboring a parasite of the genus Paragonimus. About fifteen species of Paragonimus are pathogenic to humans. In Africa, three species are frequently encountered: Paragonimus africanus, Paragonimus uterobilatéralis, and Paragonimus westermani. Clinically, it has similarities with pulmonary tuberculosis so that confusion is quickly made.

Case Report:

We report here a case of paragonimiasis discovered incidentally in a security guard man, 26 years old, originated from Côte d’Ivoire, who consulted in 2019 to the Medical Teaching Hospital of Cocody, for hemoptysis under a chronical mode.

Results:

After examination, the disease of paragonimiasis was diagnosed by positive direct smear. Otherwise, patient was positive to TB after a molecular test.

An anti-tuberculosis cure was proposed, and a treatment with praziquantel 600 mg (2 tabs x3 / d for 4 days) allowed us to obtain biological cure without major side effects for paragonimiasis.

Conclusion:

The diagnostic issues of paragonimiasis constitute a great challenge for health systems already weakened by the instability due to covid-19 pandemic. The insufficient resources allocated to the health sector showing the lack of integration of the diagnostics of paragonimiasis to pulmonary tuberculosis program are crucial.

The strengthening of human resources, as well as the improvement of the technical platform of reference laboratories in regions, are really needed.
The Training of Undergraduate Medical Students in General Medical Practice and Primary Health Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mabuza Langalibalele Honey , Darong Gabriel Gyang , Makhudu Sbongile Joyce , Drysdale Roisin E. , Moshabela Mosa
Published: December 2021

Background:

Undergraduate medical students are trained to acquire a general medical practice overview on qualifying. This training forms a foundation for primary health care service or further training towards a specialty of choice.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to determine the scope of published scientific literature on the training of undergraduate medical students in “general medical practice” and “primary health care,” exploring how these two concepts are understood, the pedagogical approaches employed by the trainers, the training platforms and the challenges encountered during the training.

Methods:

The review followed the five steps recommended by Arksey and O’Malley. Using the specified eligibility criteria, the research team systematically screened titles, abstracts, and full articles. Data were entered into Google Forms spreadsheets, which was followed by inductive data analysis of key themes.

Results:

130 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study. Thematic analysis yielded eight themes: definition of “general medical practice” and “PHC”, pedagogical approaches (conventional, PBL, teams and CBME), training platforms (tertiary and rural), medical students’ trainers (faculty, GPs and patients), training content, trainers’ and trainees’ perceptions, and challenges encountered.

Conclusion:

This scoping review has revealed that general medical practice and primary health care are approaches to holistic patient care taught at undergraduate medical training. Primary health care and general medical training are mainly undertaken in GP practices and rural settings. Competency-based medical education is emerging as an appropriate pedagogical method towards ‘fit-for-purpose’ training. The inclusion of patients as trainers in general medical practice and primary health care is yielding positive results.
Collective Mourning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Importance of Neurosociology
Authors: Herrera Luis C. , Torres-Lista Virginia , Montenegro Markelda
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had diverse effects on society worldwide, forcing social scientists to rethink, understand, and address the complexity of the current situation. One thing is certain: the coronavirus is here to stay, and the pandemic has radically transformed social dynamics and social events, regardless of the type of society or the level of development of the countries. COVID-19 has forced all societies to reflect on their priorities and how to achieve human well-being. This implies designing different strategies to overcome the challenges of social development. One of the critical social challenges of COVID-19 is that society as a whole is going through a process called ‘collective mourning,’ as all citizens have lost someone or something-from lives of loved ones to daily routines and ways of life; society is in deep mourning. We are confident that we will overcome this pandemic, thanks to vaccines, but the social effects of COVID-19 will not be resolved with vaccines. The objective of this article is to raise awareness on the importance of using an emerging sociological perspective (neurosociology) to cope with collective mourning so that the state can prepare to provide integrated responses.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the concentration of volatile compound in coriander seeds oil
Authors: Wildani Rizka , Ahmad Usman , Rafi Mohamad , Dwi Ratnanto Slamet Ari
Published: December 2021

Coriander seeds essential oil have shown some remarkable biological properties and health benefits. The coriander seeds used in Indonesia are imported and also treated with hydrogen peroxide before reaching consumers. Hydrogen peroxide is known to be a strong oxidizer, but so far, there has been no information that explains its effects on the essential oil composition and concentration in coriander seed. This study aims to determine the effect of using hydrogen peroxide and the drying method on the composition of essential oils in coriander seeds. Yield and volatile oil compounds were measured, and the results were compared between the hydrogen peroxide concentration (0,35 and 50% ) and drying method (mechanical drying (50 ℃) and room temperature drying). GC-MS analysis detected linalool as the most common volatile constituent in all treatments. The highest concentration of linalool compounds (70.16%) was found in seeds without hydrogen peroxide (0%) treatment combined with mechanical drying, followed by without hydrogen peroxide (0% H2O2) combined with room drying (23.74%), then by 35% hydrogen peroxide combined with room drying (18.71%), 35% hydrogen peroxidecombined with mechanical drying (18.84%), 50% hydrogen peroxide combined with room drying (22.18%) and by 50% hydrogen peroxide combined with mechanical drying (15.45%). Therefore, the yield was clearly affected only by hydrogen peroxide treatment where no hydrogen peroxide treatment gave the highest yield. The drying method did not have any significant effect on yield.
narrativa intermedial surrealista
Authors: Santos Ana Isabel
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão teórica em torno da narrativa intermedial tal como perspetivada e praticada pelos surrealistas, partindo da análise de duas obras do poeta e artista de Ofício Múltiplo Mário-Henrique Leiria – designadamente Pas Pour les Parents (1951) e Conto de Natal para Crianças (1972). Partindo da observação dos principais tópicos que caracterizam este objeto de estudo, no enquadramento das práticas artísticas experimentais do período em análise que cruzam a poesia com a fotografia e a colagem, este artigo apresenta-se essencialmente como um comentário metacrítico em torno de um conjunto de instrumentos e conceitos essenciais para ponderar sobre modos de tratar as porosidades entre as artes, de forma a pôr em evidência o lado importante da abordagem intermedial: a tentativa de dar resposta a experiências e ideias de poesia, literatura e arte que diluem fronteiras, e de onde acolhemos novas maneiras de trabalhar não só o literário, como diferentes artes.
Medio siglo de evolución en el manejo y conservación de los bosques comunitarios en el noroeste de México
Authors: Heredia-Telles Aide , Pérez-Verdín Gustavo , Serrano-Flores Maria Elena , Avila-Meléndez Luis Arturo , Durán Elvira , Cruz-Garcia Francisco
Published: December 2021

La teoría de acción colectiva aplicada a los bosques de México ha sido una gran alternativa para estudiar el manejo de los paisajes forestales y los impactos socioeconómicos que se generan en los recursos de uso común. En este estudio se analizó el papel histórico de tres ejidos forestales en el estado de Durango en su organización y creación de instituciones internas para enfrentar cambios en la cobertura forestal. Se compararon dos periodos que abarcan desde la etapa de las concesiones forestales hasta el actual manejo forestal comunitario (1960-2018). Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para estimar dos índices que relacionan la organización interna de las comunidades: el índice de organización social y el de institucionalidad comunitaria. Se usaron también las series cartográficas de Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía para determinar los cambios en la cobertura forestal en el periodo antes mencionado. Con base en los principios de acción colectiva de Ostrom, se analizó la efectividad de estos ejidos en la conservación de sus recursos. Los resultados muestran que los índices han incrementado con el tiempo, sugiriendo que los ejidos han mejorado en sus procesos de organización interna. Además, se encontró que existe una relación directa entre el incremento de la superficie forestal y ambos índices. El modelo forestal comunitario es una estrategia factible que puede contribuir a la preservación de estos ecosistemas. El fortalecimiento de la organización interna de las comunidades, incluyendo sus acuerdos institucionales, es importante para ayudar a transitar hacia un desarrollo sustentable en este tipo de recursos de uso común.
Modeling Years of Life Lost Due to COVID-19, Socioeconomic Status, and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions: Development of a Prediction Model
Authors: John Jari
Published: December 2021

Background

Research in the COVID-19 pandemic focused on the health burden, thereby largely neglecting the potential harm to life from welfare losses.

Objective

This paper develops a model that compares the years of life lost (YLL) due to COVID-19 and the potential YLL due to the socioeconomic consequences of its containment.

Methods

It improves on existing estimates by conceptually disentangling YLL due to COVID-19 and socioeconomic status. By reconciling the normative life table approach with socioeconomic differences in life expectancy, it accounts for the fact that people with low socioeconomic status are hit particularly hard by the pandemic. The model also draws on estimates of socioeconomic differences in life expectancy to ascertain potential YLL due to income loss, school closures, and extreme poverty.

Results

Tentative results suggest that if only one-tenth of the current socioeconomic damage becomes permanent in the future, it may carry a higher YLL burden than COVID-19 in the more likely pandemic scenarios. The model further suggests that the socioeconomic harm outweighs the disease burden due to COVID-19 more quickly in poorer and more unequal societies. Most urgently, the substantial increase in extreme poverty needs immediate attention. Avoiding a relatively minor number of 4 million unemployed, 1 million extremely poor, and 2 million students with a higher learning loss may save a similar amount of life years as saving 1 million people from dying from COVID-19.

Conclusions

Primarily, the results illustrate the urgent need for redistributive policy interventions and global solidarity. In addition, the potentially high YLL burden from income and learning losses raises the burden of proof for the efficacy and necessity of school and business closures in the containment of the pandemic, especially where social safety nets are underdeveloped.
Validity Testing and Cultural Adaptation of the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) Among People With Chronic Diseases in Taiwan: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Chen Yu-Chi , Cheng Christina , Osborne Richard H , Kayser Lars , Liu Chieh-Yu , Chang Li-Chun
Published: December 2021

Background

Advancements in digital technologies seek to promote health and access to services. However, people lacking abilities and confidence to use technology are likely to be left behind, leading to health disparities. In providing digital health services, health care providers need to be aware of users’ diverse electronic health (eHealth) literacy to address their particular needs and ensure equitable uptake and use of digital services. To understand such needs, an instrument that captures users’ knowledge, skills, trust, motivation, and experiences in relation to technology is required. The eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ) is a multidimensional tool with 7 scales covering diverse dimensions of eHealth literacy. The tool was simultaneously developed in English and Danish using a grounded and validity-driven approach and has been shown to have strong psychometric properties.

Objective

This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the eHLQ for application among Mandarin-speaking people with chronic diseases in Taiwan and then undertake a rigorous set of validity-testing procedures.

Methods

The cross-cultural adaptation of the eHLQ included translation and evaluation of the translations. The measurement properties were assessed using classical test theory and item response theory (IRT) approaches. Content validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency were explored, as well as item characteristic curves (ICCs), item discrimination, and item location/difficulty.

Results

The adapted version was reviewed, and a recommended forward translation was confirmed through consensus. The tool exhibited good content validity. A total of 420 people with 1 or more chronic diseases participated in a validity-testing survey. The eHLQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α=.75-.95). For known-group validity, all 7 eHLQ scales showed strong associations with education. Unidimensionality and local independence assumptions were met except for scale 2. IRT analysis showed that all items demonstrated good discrimination (range 0.27-12.15) and a good range of difficulty (range 0.59-1.67) except for 2 items in scale 7.

Conclusions

Using a rigorous process, the eHLQ was translated from English into a culturally appropriate tool for use in the Mandarin language. Validity testing provided evidence of satisfactory-to-strong psychometric properties of the eHLQ. The 7 scales are likely to be useful research tools for evaluating digital health interventions and for informing the development of health technology products and interventions that equitably suit diverse users’ needs.
Stroke Literacy Video for Patients and Families: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Prevention (Preprint)
Authors: Denny M. Carter , Ancer Leal Andrea , Montiel Tahani Casameni , Wynne Keona , Edquilang Gabrielle , Vu Kim Y. T. , Vahidy Farhaan , Savitz Sean I. , Beauchamp Jennifer E. S. , Sharrief Anjail Z.
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Most vascular events after stroke may be prevented by modifying vascular risk factors through medical and behavioral interventions. Stroke literacy, an understanding of stroke symptoms, risk factors, and treatment, likely contributes to vascular risk factor control and in turn stroke recurrence risk. Video-based interventions targeting stroke literacy may help acute stroke survivors understand stroke and subsequently reduce stroke recurrence. However, failure of prior stroke literacy interventions may be due in part to the fact that the interventions were not theory-driven.

OBJECTIVE

To develop a video-based educational intervention to improve stroke literacy in hospitalized acute stroke patients.

METHODS

The 6-step iterative process of Intervention Mapping (IM) was used to develop a video-based educational intervention and related implementation and evaluation plans.

RESULTS

A 5-minute video-based educational intervention was developed. The IM approach led to successful intervention development by emphasizing stakeholder involvement, generation and adoption, and information retainment in the planning phase of the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

An IM approach guided the development of a video-based educational intervention to promote stroke literacy among acute stroke survivors. Future studies are needed to assess the use of technology and digital media to support wide-spread access and participation in video-based health literacy interventions for the stroke population. Studies are needed to assess the impact of video-based educational interventions paired with stroke systems of care optimization to promote stroke recurrence risk reduction.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171952
Visual Attention of Anesthesia Providers in Simulated Anesthesia Emergencies Using Conventional Number-Based and Avatar-Based Patient Monitoring: Prospective Eye-Tracking Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ljubenovic Arsène , Said Sadiq , Braun Julia , Grande Bastian , Kolbe Michaela , Spahn Donat R , Nöthiger Christoph B , Tscholl David W , Roche Tadzio R
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Inadequate situational awareness accounts for two-thirds of preventable complications in anesthesia. An essential tool for situational awareness in the perioperative setting is the patient monitor. However, the conventional monitor has several weaknesses. Avatar-based patient monitoring may address these shortcomings and promote situation awareness, a prerequisite for good decision making.

OBJECTIVE

The spatial distribution of visual attention is a fundamental process for achieving adequate situation awareness and thus a potential quantifiable surrogate for situation awareness. Moreover, measuring visual attention with a head-mounted eye-tracker may provide insights into usage and acceptance of the new avatar-based patient monitoring modality.

METHODS

This prospective eye-tracking study compared anesthesia providers' visual attention on conventional and avatar-based patient monitors during simulated critical anesthesia events. We defined visual attention, measured as fixation count and dwell time, as our primary outcome. We correlated visual attention with the potential confounders: performance in managing simulated critical anesthesia events (task performance), work experience, and profession. We used mixed linear models to analyze the results.

RESULTS

Fifty-two teams performed 156 simulations. After a manual quality check of the eye-tracking footage, we excluded 57 simulations due to technical problems and quality issues. Participants had a median of 198 (IQR 92.5-317.5) fixations on the patient monitor with a median dwell time of 30.2 (IQR 14.9-51.3) seconds. We found no significant difference in participants' visual attention when using avatar-based patient monitoring or conventional patient monitoring. However, we found that with each percentage point of better task performance, the number of fixations decreased by about 1.39 (coefficient –1.39; 95% CI –2.44 to –0.34; P=.02), and the dwell time diminished by 0.23 seconds (coefficient –0.23; 95% CI: –0.4 to –0.06; P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Using eye tracking, we found no significant difference in visual attention when anesthesia providers used avatar-based monitoring or conventional patient monitoring in simulated critical anesthesia events. However, we identified visual attention in conjunction with task performance as a surrogate for situational awareness.
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Analysis of Co-pyrolysis of Waste Coconut Husk and Laminated Plastic Packaging
Authors: Olalo Joselito Abierta
Published: December 2021

Co-pyrolysis of plastic with biomass was used in the possible mitigation of environmental health problems associated with plastic waste. The pyrolysis method possessed the highest solution in the reduction of waste problems. Fuel oil can be produced through the pyrolysis of plastic and biomass waste. Many researchers used pyrolysis technology to produce a suitable amount of pyrolytic oil through different optimization techniques. This study will predict the percentage mass oil yield using an artificial neural network. It uses an input layer, hidden layer and an output layer. Three input factors for the input layer were (i) temperature, (ii) particle size, and (iii) percentage coconut husk. The structure has one hidden layer with two neurons. The artificial neural network was designed to predict the percentage oil yield after 15 pyrolysis runs set by the Box-Behnken design of the experiment. Percentage oil yields after pyrolysis were calculated. Results showed that temperature and percentage of coconut husk significantly influenced the percentage oil yield. Predicted values from simulation in the artificial neural network showed a good agreement through a correlation coefficient of 99.5%. The actual percentage oil yield overlaps the predicted values, which ANN demonstrates as a viable solution.
Recent Development of Biomass Conversion using Ionic Liquid-based Processes
Authors: Zunita Megawati , Rhamadhani Risha Diah
Published: December 2021

The amount of biomass products generated globally increases year after year. Nature produces lignocellulose, which is largely constituted of three components in the following order: cellulose (34–50%), hemicellulose (15–35%), and lignin (5–30%). A promising conversion method known as biomass conversion employs a liquid media-based process to address the issue of an abundance of biomass as waste. Converting biomass with ionic liquid (IL) can address not only environmental issues caused by the abundance of biomass waste but also generate new energy sources or new products with economical selling value. IL can be employed as a green catalyst, solvent, or electrolyte, as well as in a number of conversion processes. In general, 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium-based cations are the most commonly used IL types for biomass conversion. The conversion conditions are relatively mild, consisting of a low temperature of around 95-220 °C, 1 atm, for 10–240 minutes. This paper review is expected to be a significant reference in the future for the development of other biomass conversion processes.