bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New taxonomic records and regional trends for the Marquesan prehistoric marine fishery, Eiao Island, Polynesia
Authors: Lambrides Ariana , Weisler Marshall , Charleux Michel
Published: November 2024

Eiao Island (39.2 km2, 577 m elevation), situated at the northern extent of the Marquesas Archipelago, features rocky and steep coastlines with few sheltered embayments that allow easy access to the sea and marine resources. We report the first evidence of prehistoric fishing practices from Eiao Island based on three inland sites (possibly dating from the 14th to 17th centuries), and explore variation in fish exploitation (NISP = 1021; MNI = 157). All previous archaeological fishing records from the archipelago are from coastal sites, with inland Eiao Island assemblages offering comparative data on site location and taxonomic composition. The Eiao Island fish bone assemblages are dominated by piscivorous taxa, specifically grouper (Serranidae). Few tuna, mackerel and bonito (Scombridae) remains were recovered from the Eiao Island assemblages, compared to reports from Ua Pou, Tahuata and Ua Huka. New family-level taxonomic records added for the archipelago include: bonefish (Albulidae), requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae), flagtail (Kuhliidae), damselfish (Pomacentridae) and rabbitfish (Siganidae). These results further contribute to our understanding of prehistoric Marquesan fishing practices and allow elucidation of subsistence in coastal vs. inland settings, variability in taxonomic composition between islands of the archipelago, and importantly inform on human-environment interactions in East Polynesia.
Avaliação dos Fatores de Risco para Tríade da Mulher Atleta na Primeira Turma de Oficiais a Ingressar nos Estabelecimentos de Ensino Miliar Bélico do Exército Brasileira
Authors: De Freitas Costa Rodrigo , de Sá Rego Fortes Marcos , Teixeira Pereira Adriano
Published: November 2024

O exercício físico realizado de maneira correta e associado à alimentação adequada pode trazer diversos benefícios. No caso específico das mulheres, promove o ganho de massa óssea e a prevenção da osteoporose pós-menopausa. Por outro lado, mulheres fisicamente ativas podem apresentar a tríade da mulher atleta (TMA), que é um espectro sintomático que varia desde a normalidade a alterações patológicas envolvendo o ciclo menstrual, saúde óssea e disponibilidade de energia. Na última década, o sexo feminino foi inserido na linha de formação bélica. Tal cenário, inédito e imprevisível, poderia se tornar um ambiente propício para o desenvolvimento da TMA. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos fatores de risco, isoladamente ou combinados, para a TMA, na primeira turma a ingressar nos estabelecimentos de Ensino Militar Bélico do Exército Brasileiro. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, observacional, com 24 militares, no primeiro e no último ano de formação militar. Ao final, foi observado que nenhuma participante apresentou risco para baixa disponibilidade energética, 24% apresentaram risco para desenvolver comportamentos alimentares restritivos, 45,8% apresentaram transtornos menstruais, 37,5% apresentaram ao menos um episódio de fratura por estresse e 58,3% risco moderado para desenvolverem a TMA. Em paralelo, foi observado também, melhora na média dos índices de composição corporal e da saúde óssea. A preparação física militar e a alimentação disponibilizada minimizaram os efeitos deletérios da TMA nas militares estudadas. Porém, por se tratar de um estudo pioneiro, entendemos que há necessidade de mais trabalhos que relacionem os efeitos deletérios da TMA em militares.
Policy mentions in data literacy research: A bibliometric analysis of 127 research papers
Authors: Ezinwa Nwagwu Williams
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study examines the policy landscape surrounding data literacy, focusing on the intersection between data literacy and policy.Methodology – A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 127 documents related to data literacy out of the 997 indexed in Scopus. Keywords, titles, and abstracts were analysed to identify the presence and focus of policy-related discussions. Network visualisations of keyword clusters were employed to explore the interdisciplinary nature of data literacy.Findings – The study reveals a relatively low engagement with policy in data literacy research, with policy frequently mentioned in abstracts (111 occurrences) but rarely in titles or keywords. Keyword clusters showed two primary areas where policy considerations are crucial: education and governance. The findings also identified the need for differentiated policy approaches tailored to specific sectors like education, governance, and scientific research. The isolation of terms like "scientific data" suggests niche areas requiring targeted policy interventions.Implications – The findings suggest that data literacy initiatives need a more explicit focus on policy frameworks, particularly in education and governance, to ensure ethical and responsible data use. The study calls for policymakers to embed governance, privacy, and ethics discussions within data literacy education and decision-making processes.Originality – This study contributes to the underexplored area of policy integration in data literacy research. By highlighting the gap in policy considerations, the research underscores the need for a more holistic approach to data literacy, combining technical skills with governance, privacy, and ethical dimensions.
Knowledge Sharing Opportunities on Safe Delivery of Children for Birth Companions in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Moyi Mwanza Alice , Wekalao Namande Ben , Owano Ashah
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study investigated the opportunities available for birth companions to share knowledge on safe deliveries in Kakamega County.Methodology – The study used mixed methods research approach based on a survey design. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview guides and observation checklists from 782 respondents sampled from 5768 comprising of birth companions, community health volunteers, health administrators, public health offers, district health officers, matrons and a director of health services. Quantitative data was analysed using statistical software package (SPSS) to generate descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analysed thematically.Findings – This study revealed that birth companions had opportunities to share knowledge on maternal health. This knowledge is critical in determining medical problems bedevilling maternal healthcare in Kakamega county. If utilised well, the county can avert maternal mortality incidences especially in the remote areas where they happen and remain unaccounted for.Implications – The study is of importance to county governments to facilitate the participation and collaboration among birth companions and health practitioners in sharing knowledge on safe deliveries.Originality – The study is an original research work which has not been conducted in Kakamega County, Kenya
Aspects of travel information behaviour of postgraduate students of a high education institution in Nigeria
Authors: Ezinwa Nwagwu Williams , Oluwayimika Adeyemi Deborah
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study explores the information behaviour of postgraduate students enrolled at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. It investigates the diverse information needs of these students, mainly focusing on their utilisation of travel information, sources of travel information and the effect of prior travel experience.Methodology – A descriptive survey design was employed to gather data from a sample of 200 postgraduate students conveniently selected. The study utilised a combination of a quantitative method to assess the students' information-seeking behaviours.Findings – The findings indicate that postgraduate students at the University of Ibadan have varied information needs, including those related to leisure, education, personal growth, and social interactions. They predominantly rely on mobile devices, the Internet, social networks, family and relatives, and personal travel experiences to access travel information. They reported high levels of satisfaction and effectiveness in using travel information for destination selection and cost estimation.Implications – The study underscores the importance of enhancing access to electronic databases, which are vital sources of travel information for postgraduate students. Additionally, it highlights the need to address issues related to distance to information sources and improve library services and resources to support students' information needs better.Originality – This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the information behaviour of postgraduate students in a Nigerian university context
Knowledge Management Use of the Web 2.0-Driven SECI Model to Improve Knowledge Creation and Sharing Practices in Selected Academic Libraries in Tanzania
Authors: Florence Vincent Mosha Neema , Patrick Patrick
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The evolution of academic libraries is influenced by technological developments, including Web 2.0. Based on a larger PhD project, this study evaluated how selected academic libraries in Tanzania leverage a Web 2.0-driven SECI model to enhance knowledge creation and sharing processes.Methodology – A convergent mixed methods research design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The study investigated library staff (n=306) using a survey questionnaire, with a rate of return of 254 (83%). Eight library directors and sixteen heads of library departments were also interviewed to supplement data from the survey and establish convergence or divergence of the findings.Findings – Many library staff (91.7%) used Web 2.0 tools several times daily for personal and professional use. They used Web 2.0 applications for various tasks, including online communication and knowledge sharing, teaching information literacy, and marketing and promoting library services and resources. The findings also show that knowledge creation and sharing practices were performed under each SECI model process.Implications – Since its purpose is to improve the processes of creating and sharing knowledge, the Web 2.0 -driven SECI model can be utilised to integrate knowledge management practices through the creation and sharing of knowledge to support academic libraries and library professionals in managing their daily activities.Originality – A limited number of studies have used the model in such a context, especially in higher learning and research institutions.
A Framework for Devolution of Records Management to County Governments in Kenya
Authors: Nyamberi Elijah Nyamberi , Odini Cephas , Odero Damaris
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This paper assesses the devolution of records management to county governments to develop a suitable framework.Methodology – The study was conducted with an interpretivist stance and a qualitative approach. A multiple-case research design was found appropriate for the study. A sample size of 43 was obtained at the saturation point. Interviews, observation, and documentary analysis were used for collection.Findings – The devolution process resulted in the closure and transfer of records of devolved functions. However, Kenya lacked criteria on closure and transfer for managing such records leading to an absence of requisite resources for managing the records at the counties. Kenya’s Constitution of 2010 does not require the devolution of the State’s responsibility for archives from the central government to the 47 county governments. The counties cannot, as a result, each establish and maintain their archives infrastructure. Despite these challenges, properly devolving records management to county governments would offer Kenya a wide array of opportunities to realise its goal of developmental cooperative devolution.Implications – This study proposes a framework that governments can apply to execute a seamless devolution of the records management function from the national to the county governments.Originality – This was an original study conducted as part of a doctoral degree thesis. No study known to the author has explored the issues under study
The stigmatisation of indigenous knowledge in Kenya: Status and interventions
Authors: Otieno Adero Daniel , Abuki Benard , Ndunge Rachael
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This paper investigates the current status of the stigmatisation of IK in Kenya while also examining the interventions to curb the stigma.Methodology – A mixed methods research design was employed, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Seven counties were selected for the study, comprising Western (Kisii and Migori), Eastern (Machakos and Kitui) and Central (Meru, Nairobi and Nyeri). Primary data was collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data was collected through content analysis of literature on IK in Kenya. The quantitative data from the key informant interviews was analysed using SPSS software, while data from the FGDs was analysed using qualitative data analysis software (NVivo).Findings – The study found that most of the communities in Kenya have indigenous knowledge; most of the indigenous knowledge and practices are threatened by nonutilisation; preservation of indigenous knowledge has started in some areas, but a lot still needs to be done; and westernisation or modernisation poses a great threat to indigenous knowledge.Implications – The study recommends implementing structures to protect and preserve indigenous knowledge.Originality – This work presents new findings on IK in Kenya that have not been documented or presented anywhere else.
Entrepreneurship Development in University Libraries in the South-South Zone of Nigeria
Authors: T. Emiri Ogochukwu , Emojorho Daniel
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study examined entrepreneurship development in university libraries with a focus on reskilling, opportunities and challenges for library and information science practitioners in the South-South Zone of Nigeria.Methodology – The study adopted the survey research design. Five research questions were postulated and one hypothesis formulated to find out the relationship between the professional characteristics of library and information science (LIS) practitioners and their perception towards entrepreneurship development. The population of the study was 150 LIS professionals drawn from all the governmentowned universities in the South-South Zone of Nigeria. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings – The findings show that LIS practitioners in the South-South Zone of Nigeria have a low perception towards entrepreneurship development even though they have the right skills needed for entrepreneurship. The benefits derived from entrepreneurship include control and flexibility of own time, among others. The study therefore concluded that no significant relationship exists between LIS practitioners’ professional characteristics and their perception towards entrepreneurship development.Practical Implications – Based on the findings, the researchers recommend that LIS schools and professional associations should organise sensitisation or orientation programmes on entrepreneurship development in order to re-write the perception of library staff towards entrepreneurship.Originality – This is an original research; it does not have any material previously published or written by another researcher without due acknowledgements.
Knowledge management of consumer lived experience on digital platforms to enhance organisational performance
Authors: Hanekom Janette , Rachel Barker Rachel Barker
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The study is based on the proposition that the consumer knowledge management (CKM) approach can connect the consumer's lived experience through knowledge management and knowledge sharing on digital platforms.Methodology – This research follows an explorative and interpretative conceptual reflection through a systematic literature review (SLR) to ascertain that consumer knowledge, retrieved from lived experiences, is vital in enhancing organisational performance and innovation.Findings – Consumer knowledge is redefined by integrating the experience lived and shared online. Based on this and to address the research objective, a conceptual framework of CKM that integrates the consumer's lived experience with knowledge management and sharing is proposed. This presents a knowledgebased view of the organisation and states that these resources and capabilities are knowledge-related and knowledge-intensive.Implications – Research on this is scant; therefore, the proposed conceptual theoretical framework sets out to address these gaps in the literature, stimulate future research, and propose CKM processes for enhanced organisational performance.Originality – The main research gaps are highlighted through a critical review of the literature to give way to the proposition of the research implications through the proposed conceptual, theoretical framework.
Assessing digital preservation strategies implemented for the institutional repository in Kaimosi Friends University Library
Authors: Bushuru Musisi Jacob , Caroline Mutwiri Caroline Mutwiri
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The purpose of the study was to determine the digital preservation strategies implemented for the institutional repository at Kaimosi Friends University College. The academic orientation of this study was anchored on the chain of preservation model.Methodology – A descriptive research design was deployed. A census approach was used to enumerate the 46 respondents as the population of the study was small. An interview schedule and questionnaire were used as data collection instruments. A pilot study was conducted at Kibabii University library in order to bring to light any weaknesses in the questionnaire as well as in the survey techniques. The instrument was validated through examination by experts in the field of information science. The test-retest technique was utilised to assess the reliability of the instrument. The data collected in this study were both quantitative and qualitative, and they were analysed with the aid of SPSS and presented using tables and figures.Findings – The prominent digital preservation strategies deployed in the institutional repository were backup (60.5%), technology preservation (60.5%) and information migration (51.2%).Implications – The study recommends that Kaimosi Friends University College maintains the most commonly deployed strategies of digital preservation, namely information migration, backup and technology preservation.Originality – This is an original study conducted in a public university in Kenya.
Modelling and Forecasting of COVID-19 New Cases in the Top 10 Infected African Countries from February 14 to September 06, 2020
Authors: Siffir Argawu Alemayehu
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that has resulted in an  outbreak of viral pneumonia around the world. The total case has reached  3,581,783 (shared 78.5%) with 102,201 (84.4%) total deaths and 3,214,512  (78.7%) recoveries in the top 10 infected African countries as of April 28, 2021 at  10:30 am. This study models and forecasts COVID-19 new cases in the top 10  infected African countries from February 14 to September 06, 2020.   Methodology – The COVID-19 new cases data was modelled and forecasted using  curve estimation regression model and time series model from February 14 to  September 6, 2020. Findings – The cubic regression models for the data were relatively the best fit for  Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, and South Africa. The quadratic  regression models for the data were the best fit for Cameroon, Cote dʹIvoire, and  Ghana. The Algerian data was followed by the logarithmic regression model. In  the time series analysis, the Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa COVID-19 new  cases data have fitted the ARIMA (0,1,0), ARIMA (0,1,0), and ARIMA (0,1,14)  models, respectively. The Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria data have  fitted the simple exponential smoothing models. Ethiopia, Kenya, and Morocco  data have followed the Damped trend, Holt, and Brown exponential smoothing  models, respectively.  Implications – The findings of the study may be used for preparedness planning  against further spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in African countries. The  author recommends that as many countries continue to relax restrictions on  movement and mass gatherings, and more are opening of their air spaces and  other sectors, strong and appropriate public health and social measures must be  instituted to prevent further spread of the virus. Originality – The paper contributes a model which can be used to predict  occurrence of new COVID-19 cases in top 10 infected African countries.
Impact of smart classrooms in higher education on academic performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Wang , Xijun Wang , Jiahui Dong
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – With the development of information and communication technologies, colleges and universities worldwide have set up smart classrooms. This study aims to quantify the driving factors influencing student academic performance in a smart classroom environment.Methodology – A meta-analysis method is used to quantitatively analyse smart classrooms' impact on higher education students' academic performance, covering seven courses, such as foreign languages and computers, and 15 papers from four countries. The label encoding scheme is used to convert the categorical variables into numerical variables, and the linear regression model is constructed to analyse the influence of each variable on students' academic performance.Findings – The results show that smart classrooms positively impact the academic performance of higher education students with an impact value of 1.18, and the impact is more pronounced for operational courses such as dentistry and computer science.Implications – A smart classroom environment dramatically improves students' learning effect, which is significant to students' autonomous learning.Originality – This paper is based on an original study on the impact of smart classrooms in higher education in four countries.
Utilisation of Library and Information Services in the Judiciary of Uganda
Authors: Bukirwa Joyce , Nanfuka Reges
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The purpose of this study was to examine the utilisation of library and information services in the Judiciary of Uganda. It was based on the premise that if library and information services in the Judiciary of Uganda are well utilised, effective administration of justice in Uganda would be achieved.Methodology – The study was guided by Saracevic-Kantor theory of use-oriented value of library and information services. Participants were drawn from two (2) selected libraries namely, the High Court (criminal division) and the Supreme Court libraries. These are the oldest and have the biggest collection compared to the rest of the judiciary libraries. Given a population of five (5) librarians (2 from Supreme court library and 3 from the High Court library), interviews were held with four (4) librarians, two from each of the libraries.Findings – The study established that both the High Court and Supreme Court libraries provide a wide range of services including current awareness, referral, research, selective dissemination of information, Internet, photocopying and newspaper clipping services. The services were regularly utilised across the libraries. However, only 47% of the users were very satisfied with the services, followed by 31% that were satisfied. Some of the challenges affecting the utilisation of library and information services in the Judiciary of Uganda include poor Internet connectivity, inadequate current information, insufficient funding, and limited library facilities.Implications – This study recommends strengthening of library and information services across the Judiciary by digitising the information resources, system-wide automation, training of library users, improving Internet connectivity, increasing funding for library services, and formulation and implementation of a Judiciary of Uganda library policy.Originality – This study is an addition to the scanty literature about judiciary library services, most especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The study ascertains the need for strengthening library and information services in judiciaries.
The moderating effect of social media usage on factors influencing workplace knowledge sharing: towards a predictive model
Authors: Mong’are Achoki Philip , Odiwuor Pondi Kepha O
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Companies seek to implement different knowledge sharing initiatives, such as social media usage, to access a wide range of expertise and knowledge from employees. However, whether social media usage is beneficial or detrimental in workplaces is ongoing. Not much has been done regarding SMU for KS in the Kenyan insurance industry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of social media usage on factors influencing knowledge sharing among insurance companies' employees in Kenya.Methodology – The researchers used a survey strategy to collect data for this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from insurance employees in Kenya. A total of 274 employees from 11 companies completed the survey. The researchers analysed the data using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression.Findings – The results indicate that social media usage significantly moderates the relationships between three individual factors (trust, altruism, and self-efficacy) and knowledge sharing. The resultant model is significant (F [4, 254] = 187.022, p < .001). This model explains approximately 74% of the variance in knowledge sharing.Implications – Insurance companies should promote a culture and work environments characterised by trust, knowledge self-efficacy (through continuous personal development), altruistic practices, and appropriate SMU to help increase work-related socialisation among employees, thus increasing the possibility and opportunities for knowledge sharing and exchange which will in return help reduce knowledge loss as shared knowledge will be retained in the organisation even after some employees depart.Originality – This paper publishes the results of an original study of the moderating effect of social media usage on factors influencing knowledge sharing
The contribution of indigenous medicine knowledge to the delivery of quality healthcare in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Ouma Cary , Wekalao Namande Ben , Kinya Henry
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Literature has extensively discussed integrating Indigenous Medical Knowledge (IMK) systems with modern medical practices to enhance the quality of healthcare services. Many countries have also committed to incorporating IMK systems into their healthcare programs. However, in Kenya, the county governments, which bear significant responsibility for healthcare delivery, have not fully embraced IMK systems as expected by the current laws, including the Healthcare Act 2017.Methodology – This study analyses IMK's contribution to providing quality healthcare in Kenya. It took a purely qualitative approach and was guided by a phenomenological research design.Findings – IMK has a profound role in reducing the disease burden in Migori County, both in terms of the many diseases IMK practitioners manage and the advantages associated with IMK practices over biomedical practices.Implications – The study, therefore, recommended that IMK practices be formally embraced as an alternative healthcare delivery system along with biomedical practices in the country.Originality – While much has been written about IMK practices globally, no study has been conducted to correlate this to county governments in Kenya, and indeed, no empirical study has been carried out about this in Migori County
Interventions to reduce the impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma: A systematic review
Authors: Hlophe S T , Mphahlele R , Mortimer K , Masekela R
Published: November 2024

Background. Exposure to air pollution can cause adverse health effects in people living with chronic lung disease. In people with asthma, it is not clear whether strategies to reduce outdoor air pollution can affect clinical symptoms and lung function.
Objectives. To determine strategies to reduce air pollution exposure for people with asthma, and to describe the effect of reduced air pollution on asthma outcome.
Methods. A systematic review was conducted of six databases for English literature. Any study published between April 2012 and March 2022 that mentioned air pollution exposure reduction and asthma was reviewed. Two reviewers (STH and RMp) screened and extracted the data separately, using a standardised form based on the Cochrane data extraction tool. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk-of- bias 2 tool. Outcome measures were the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Childhood Asthma Control Test, exacerbations, and the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio. The study was registered with PROSPERO (reg. no. CRD42022341648).
Results. Of the 11 116 identified studies, eight met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 11 395 043 participants. Clean air policy implementation modestly improved lung function, as shown by an increase in FVC and FEV1 of 0.02 L/year and 0.01 L/year, respectively. Reduction of exposure to outdoor smoke pollution with use of mobile application alerts resulted in behavioural change and improved ACT scores over 8 weeks (mean (standard deviation (SD)) 21.5 (2.3) compared with baseline (20.0 (2.4); p<0.001). Asthma control improved during low levels of pollution related to COVID-19 lockdown, as shown by mean (SD) ACT scores (17.3 (4.7) v. 19.7 (4.5); p<0.001) and associated declines in mean daily hospital admissions (4.5 (3.4) days v. 2.8 (2.5) days; p<0.001).
Conclusion. Air pollution is a major hazard, and strategies to reduce exposure have a positive outcome in terms of the asthma morbidity. This field would benefit from further high-quality randomised clinical trial evidence to inform policy and decision-making.
Unveiling the pulmonary burden of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in South Africa
Authors: Calligaro G L
Published: November 2024

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La alfabetización mediática, clave ante el auge de la (des)información artificial
Authors: Suárez-Gonzalo Sara
Published: November 2024

Como cada año, del 24 al 31 de octubre del 2024 se celebró la Semana Mundial de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional de la UNESCO. Este importante acontecimiento internacional se celebra con el propósito que instituciones y organizaciones de todo el mundo compartan ideas y exploren formas innovadoras de promover la alfabetización mediática e informacional de la ciudadanía. Este año, el tema que ha centrado las numerosas celebraciones relacionadas con esta semana ha sido el impacto transformador de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la producción y difusión de información.
Effects of experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic on optimistically biased belief updating
Authors: Khalid Iraj , Morlaas Orphee , Bottemanne Hugo , Thonon Lisa , Costa Thomas da , Fossati Philippe , Schmidt Liane
Published: November 2024

Optimistically biased belief updating is essential for mental health and resilience in adversity. Here, we asked how experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic affected optimism biases in updating beliefs about the future. One hundred and twenty-three participants estimated the risks of experiencing adverse future life events in the face of beliefdisconfirming evidence either outside the pandemic (n=58) or during the pandemic (n=65). While belief updating was optimistically biased and Reinforcement-learning-like outside the pandemic, the bias faded, and belief updating became more rational Bayesian-like during the pandemic. This malleability of anticipating the future during the COVID-19 pandemic was further underpinned by a lower integration of positive belief-disconfirming information, fewer but stronger negative estimations, and more confidence in base rates. The findings offer a window into the putative cognitive mechanisms of belief updating during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven more by quantifying the uncertainty of the future than by the motivational salience of optimistic outlooks.
The fall of the mycobacterial cell wall: interrogating peptidoglycan synthesis for novel anti-TB agents
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Yu , West Nicholas P.
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a threat to human health for thousands of years and still leads to millions of deaths each year. TB is a disease that is refractory to treatment, partially due to its capacity for in-host persistence. The cell wall of mycobacteria, rich in mycolic acid, is broadly associated with bacterial persistence together with antimicrobial and immunological resistance. Enzymes for the biosynthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan, an essential component of the cell wall, have been addressed and considered as appealing drug targets in pathogens. Significant effort has been dedicated to finding inhibitors that hinder peptidoglycan biosynthesis, many with demonstrated enzymatic inhibition in vitro being published. One family of critical biosynthetic enzymes are the Mur enzymes, with many enzyme specific inhibitors having been reported. However, a lesser developed strategy which may have positive clinical implications is to take advantage of the common structural and catalytic characteristics among Mur enzymes and to allow simultaneous, multiple Mur inhibition, and avert the development of drug resistance. M. tuberculosis relies on these essential Mur enzymes, with the best-known subset being Mur ligases, but also utilizes unique functions of atypical transpeptidases resulting in peptidoglycan peptide cross-linking beneficial to the bacteria’s capacity for chronic persistence in humans. A systematic review is now needed, with an emphasis on M. tuberculosis. The urgent development of novel anti-TB agents to counter rapidly developing drug resistance requires a revisit of the literature, past successes and failures, in an attempt to reveal liabilities in critical cellular functions and drive innovation.
Digital eye strain syndrome among higher education health sciences students in Saudi Arabia: severity and preventive ergonomic practices
Authors: Gushgari Olfat Abdulgafoor , Sayed Samiha Hamdi , Elgzar Wafaa Taha
Published: November 2024

Background

The increased utilization of digital screens is an unavoidable consequence of the technology era. Digital eye strain (DES) is a prevalent health problem among higher education students in Saudi Arabia, especially health sciences students due to the frequent use of digital sources and virtual classes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the severity of digital eye strain syndrome (DESS) symptoms and preventive ergonomic practices among higher education health science students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling in three cities (Dammam, Riyadh, Jeddah) in Saudi Arabia. A convenient sample of 328 health science students was selected using an equal allocation technique. The researchers designed and used an online survey of three sections: personal and digital device use-related data, the DESS questionnaire, and the self-reported preventive ergonomic practices scale.

Results

DESS is a widespread problem among 72.0% of health science students, and 58.2% had unsatisfactory ergonomics. The frequently reported symptoms were blurred vision (32.9%) and increased sensitivity to light (33.5%). The severe eye-related symptoms were headache (45.85%), foreign body inside the eye (43.71%), eye burning (40.19%), and dryness (39.76%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the female sex, years of screen utilization and the number of hours per day, screen use without rest, and frequency of virtual classes per week, eye disease, digital screen utilization for studying, nonuse of protective eye measures, and using numerous digital devices were significant predictors of DESS risk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

DESS is a common problem among many health science students, with headaches and foreign body sensations in the eye being the most frequent symptoms. Screen utilization time and eye disease are significant predictors of DESS, while most items’ application of ergonomic practices was low. Educational programs are needed to increase student’s awareness of ergonomic practices.
Data Engineering and Privacy Challenges in Loyalty Card Programs: Insights from Retail, Banking, and Hospitality
Authors: Amama Ushang Desmond , Talgatuly Faizolla , Kolawole Ayinoluwa F. , Oluwatobi Onakoya
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the data engineering practices surrounding loyalty card programs in the retail, banking, travel, and hospitality industries. It examines how businesses use personal and transactional data to enhance customer retention and gain competitive advantages. The research highlights industry-specific practices, regulatory frameworks (such as GDPR and CCPA), and the security measures adopted to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII). Key insights into how data is leveraged for targeted marketing and the persistent vulnerabilities in data protection systems are also discussed. The study provides a comprehensive view of the ethical, economic, and strategic implications of loyalty card data on modern businesses and consumers.
With practical and theoretical methods applied, we discover and share our findings from how consumers’ loyalty is segmented across industries, their preferred payment methods, the bridge between points acquired and utilized by customers across various tiers, as well as churn analysis with a focus on clients who left the business and factors that motivated the exist. Recent surveys (in the USA and UK) also help us understand users’ preferences among different age groups, therefore providing insights for businesses to leverage. The invaluable nature of data begs the need for protection laws to be in place, hence, we explore measures that are set in place for all parties involved to protect consumer data from collection to usage. The research also proposes a framework that could be modelled by companies hoping to create a loyalty program.
Abundance and Diversity of Soil Arthropods in Major Plantation Crops under Different Farming Practices
Authors: K. S Shreya , R Girish , Hegde Jayalaxmi Narayan , G. K Girijesh , B. C Dhananjaya
Published: November 2024

Soil arthropods play a vital role in soil systems, through decomposition, nutrient cycling and regulation of microbial communities. The study examining effects of farming practices (Natural farming, Organic farming and Inorganic farming) on abundance and diversity of soil arthropods in major plantation crops (Arecanut, Coconut, Coffee) was conducted under different zones Hilly, Central Dry and Transition zone of Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka from August 2023 to May 2024. Soil arthropods belonging to 12 different order were collected under 5 classes viz., Entognatha, Arachnida, Insecta, Symphlan and Chilopoda. The highest numbers of individuals was observed in natural farming practice (1256) followed by organic farming (825) and least in inorganic farming (397). The highest number of soil arthropods was recorded in natural farming practice (31.90 individuals per 400g of soil) within the coconut ecosystem followed by organic farming practice 12.39 and lowest in inorganic farming practices with 5.39 individuals per 400g of soil in arecanut and coffee ecosystem respectively. Shannon Weiner index shows highest diversity in natural farming system 2.13. Whereas, the lowest diversity was recorded in inorganic farming practices (Shannon-Wiener: 0.69). The abundance and diversity showed a significant difference between different farming practices i.e. natural, organic and inorganic farming practices in different zones. Natural farming practices followed by organic farming supported higher diversity indices and abundance of soil fauna compared to inorganic farming practices.
The Influence of Serum Zinc and Copper Levels on Melasma Severity and Duration among a Group of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Elethawi Ali Mozan Dhahir , Al-Gurairi Fahim Thabit
Published: November 2024

Background: Several factors on melasma etiopathogenesis have been suggested, yet the exact pathophysiology of melasma is uncertain. However, controversial results exist now on Zn and Cu in serum of melasma patients.
Objectives:  This study was done to measure the serum level of Zinc and Copper and to evaluate their influence on the duration and severity of melasma. 
Patients and Methods: A Case- control study involved a total of 200 patients (melasma group 100 and equal number of healthy controls), The two groups were matched for age and sex. A sample of blood was taken from both cases and controls for assessment of serum zinc and serum copper, sent to the same lab and read by the same method for both groups, and then to compare the relation of these values with demographic data.
Results: the serum zinc level was low in 51% of the patients with melasma, 47% had normal serum zinc level and only 2% had high serum zinc level. While only 5% had low serum copper level, 66% had normal serum copper level, and 29% had high serum copper levels. Analysis of means of serum zinc and serum copper levels revealed significant difference in means of serum zinc between cases and controls (p<0.001), and low serum zinc was highly associated with melasma cases (p<0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant association between duration of melasma and serum zinc level; duration ≤ 2 years was associated significantly with normal serum zinc level (P=0.03). However, there was no significant difference in means of serum copper between cases and controls (P=0.5).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant relation between serum zinc levels and melasma while showed no significant relation between serum copper and melasma. Low serum zinc level may be one of the risk factors that effects the melasma duration.
Effect of Herbicidal Weed Management on Crop Growth, Weed Density, Weed Biomass, Yield and Economics of Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.): A Review
Authors: Verma Nagendra Kumar , Chitale Shrikant , Tiwari Nitish , Manisha
Published: November 2024

This review examines the impact of herbicidal weed management on crop growth, weed density, weed biomass, yield, and the economic aspects of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. Effective weed control is critical for maximizing rice yields and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The application of herbicides has been shown to significantly reduce weed density and biomass, which in turn enhances crop growth and increases yield potential. Moreover, herbicide use can decrease labor costs associated with manual weeding, contributing to overall economic efficiency in rice production. Economic analyses indicate that while herbicide costs can be substantial, the benefits in yield and reduced labor can result in favorable economic outcomes. This review highlights the necessity of balancing the benefits of herbicidal weed management. Future research should focus on optimizing herbicide application techniques and exploring alternative weed management practices to enhance the sustainability of rice production systems. Key results indicate that timely and appropriate herbicide application not only minimizes weed biomass but also enhances rice growth metrics, such as plant height, tiller number, and grain yield. The findings highlight the critical role of herbicidal weed management in mitigating weed-related challenges in direct-seeded rice systems.
Prevalence and Determinants of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Children living with Epilepsy in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Wobo Kininyiruchi N. , Gabriel-Job Nneka
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder in children with its management centered on the use of anti-seizure medications (ASM).  However, many children do not achieve seizure control despite being on the appropriate ASM. Hence, caregivers may seek complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) therapies. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and types of CAM used by children with epilepsy in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, and the factors that determines their use.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children diagnosed with epilepsy and their caregivers. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistic was performed using IBM SPSS while Pearson’s chi-square test was used to identify significant associations.
Results: The prevalence of CAM use was found to be 84.3%, the use of CAM is a risk for poor adherence to ASM. Family members were the main influencers in the decision to use CAM, and the majority of parents/caregivers did not consult their children’s healthcare providers before incorporating these therapies. Significant factors influencing the use of CAM includes: being a male (P=0.01), higher seizure frequency (P=0.002), multiple ASM use (P=0.01), and the presence of comorbidities (P=0.04). The most common CAMs used were prayers, kernel or crude oil and scarifications.
Conclusion:  CAM use among children with epilepsy is common and is a cause of poor adherence to ASMs with its untoward effects.  It is crucial for healthcare providers to proactively inquire about the use of CAM with caregivers during the management of childhood epilepsy and to educate them on the possible risks specifically regarding drug adherence, compliance and poor seizure control.
Comprehensive Review on SWAT for Sustainable Agriculture and Climatic Solutions
Authors: Dhanda Vinay , Arsalan Syed , Kaushal Shilpa , Shubham
Published: November 2024

Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a popular hydrological model, created to impersonate how the land management techniques would affect the water availability, sediments transportation and nutrient transformations in region’s expansive and intricate watersheds. SWAT has evolved from its initial development state as a comprehensive modelling tool for agricultural systems, watershed management and climate change adaptation. SWAT predicts the effects of agricultural practices on water, sediment and nutrient loads. Moreover, over time, its functionality has broadened to include complex environmental processes, such as sediment transport, nutrient cycling, and land-use change dynamics. This review paper mainly focused on the literature collected on its relevance and applicability to agricultural sector and climate change. Moreover, the incorporation of SWAT into studies on climate change has broadened its scope by enabling it to simulate the possible consequences of fluctuating temperature patterns, unpredictable precipitation, and severe weather on worldwide water resources and farming systems. In addition to highlighting its practical applicability, case studies from India and other locations also highlighted in current review article. For policymakers, agricultural scientists, SWAT is an essential tool because of its capacity to model the long-term effects of land and water management at broad spatial and temporal dimensions. SWAT also found to help the stakeholders for creating plans to lessen the effects of climate variability by combining several climate models and scenarios and to provide better insights on future soil erosion, flood hazards and water availability. Overall, in light of the escalating environmental issues, SWAT is essential for sustainable management of water and agricultural resources due to its capacity to produce comprehensive and long-term projections.