bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Da bedstefar var dreng og Danmark var i krig”. Almindelige danskeres erindringer og selvbiografier om Besættelsen 1940-45
Authors: Eklund-Jürgensen Lene
Published: March 2020

Lene Eklund-Jürgensen: “Da bedstefar var dreng og Danmark var i krig” (When grandfather was a boy and Denmark was at war). Memories and autobiographies of ordinary Danish people concerning the Occupation 1940–45

In the last few years, the Dansk Historisk Bibliografi (Danish Historical Bibliography) database has included a number of autobiographies covering the period 1940–45. These collections of accounts provide a voice for ordinary Danes, describing how they as children experienced the occupation and how since then, they have reflected over that period of their lives. The authors’ autobiographies build up a narrative about the occupation, drawing on both personal experiences and memories and events the authors have been witness to, as well as the memories and experiences of other people that they have heard about or read about. It can often be difficult to separate the memories of these personal experiences from more general reported experiences that many Danes experienced. Autobiographies’ memories from periods other than 1940–45, are strongly egocentric and focus on private experiences, in contrast to the memories about the occupation which focus on the period as a collective experience. This narrative provides a personal angle, where the author’s own experiences are added as a supplement to the overall Danish experience. Most often what is described is the how the authors’ families lived during the war and especially, what their parents did during the war and what they experienced during the war. Often, the authors were too young to remember more than voices and scattered dramatic episodes from the occupation. In general, many of the authors personally remember the military planes that flew overhead and episodes relating to the air battles above Denmark. In addition, the authors describe everyday life, the Germans and the first and last day of the occupation. The episodes, experiences and events that the authors draw on in their autobiographies have been described many times before, but the autobiographies provide a double perspective of the occupation, where the authors both recount their childhood memories and at the same time reflect upon these memories many years later. The autobiographies are excellent source material to study the culture of reminiscing and the use of history.
Devotion, Remembrance, and Identity. The Hagiographic Entries and Obituaries in a Parisian Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for Jakob Sunesen
Authors: Vidas Marina
Published: March 2020

Marina Vidas: Devotion, Remembrance, and Identity: The Hagiographic Entries and Obituaries in a Parisian Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for Jakob Sunesen

The focus of the article is a handsomely illuminated Parisian thirteenth-century Psalter (London, British Library, MS Egerton 2652), which includes in the Calendar feasts of saints venerated in Denmark and, more specifically, in the diocese of Roskilde. A brief description of the manuscript is provided and the scholarly literature about the Psalter is discussed. Then a fresh look is taken at the significance of the hagiographic entries and obituaries in the Calendar. New reasons are provided for identifying the patron of MS Egerton 2652 as the Danish nobleman Jakob Sunesen (d. 1246) who had major landholdings on the island of Sjælland, and had family ties to Roskilde and Paris. The reception of the work after its completion is addressed and it is argued that the Parisian illuminated devotional manuscript might be understood as a symbol of Jakob Sunesen’s high status. It is suggested that Jakob Sunesen’s only surviving child, Ingerd, Countess of Regenstein (c.1200–1258), might have inherited the Psalter and had the obituaries added to the Calendar after her father’s death. The article also seeks to show that the obituaries may not only have served a commemorative purpose but they may have demonstrated and celebrated the manuscript owner’s noble lineage and connections.
Steno-Fallots tetralogi og Bartholin-Pataus syndrom. En hjertemisdannelse og et misdannelsessyndrom første gang beskrevet af danske anatomer i 1600-tallet
Authors: Andersen Jesper Brandt , Bruun Niels W.
Published: March 2020

Jesper Brandt Andersen & Niels W. Bruun: Tetralogy of Steno-Fallot and Bartholin-Patau syndrome. A heart malformation and a malformation syndrome first described by Danish anatomists in the seventeenth century. The heart malformation tetralogy of Steno-Fallot was first described by the Danish anatomist Niels Stensen (Nicolaus Steno) (1638–1686) in Thomas Bartholin’s Acta Medica & Philosophica Ann. 1671 & 1672 in 1673, but this was not discovered until 1942. Stensen’s description was built upon a dissection of a female fetus, which he made during his stay in Paris 1664–1665. We bring the first full Danish translation of Stensen’s Latin text and an analysis of his description in relation to his contemporaries and the present. Stensen describes three of the four elements of the tetralogy described in three adult patients by Fallot in 1888, namely ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis and dexteriority of the aorta. The fact that Stensen does not mention the hypertrophy of the right ventricle may have two good reasons. Firstly, the difference between the wall thickness of the right and left ventricles is generally less pronounced in a fetus than after the birth and this would be expected even more in a heart malformation with overload on the right ventricle.Secondly, Stensen may have considered the right sided hypertrophy as merely a result of the three other elements of the tetralogy than as a malformation in itself.Stensen’s description reveals an impressive knowledge about the circulation of the blood in the heart of a fetus, and we speculate that he may have been the first in history to deliver such a precise description, not only of the anatomy and physiology of the tetralogy of Steno-Fallot, but also of the anatomy and physiology of the blood circulation in the fetal heart. Stensen’s fetus had several other malformations, i.e. cleft lip and palate, schisis of the abdomen and thorax and syndactyly of the second to fifth fingers on the left hand. We suggest that the fetus may have had acrofacial dysostosis 1 (Nager syndrome), which is caused by a mutation on chromosome 1q21.2.Likewise, Stensen’s mentor, the Danish anatomist Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680), was the first to describe a case report of the Bartholin-Patau syndrome in his Historiarum anatomicarum rariorum Centuria III & IV in 1657, but this was not discovered until 1960, the same year as Patau and collaborators showed that this syndrome is caused by trisomy 13. We bring the first full Danish translation of Bartholin’s Latin text with an analysis in relation to his age and the present.
J.S. Bach og Danmark. En studie i den danske præsentation og musikfaglige behandling af Bachs værker indtil 1950
Authors: Røllum-Larsen Claus
Published: March 2020

Claus Røllum-Larsen: J.S. Bach and Denmark

The dissemination and pursuit of Bach’s music in the first decades of the 1800s was characterized by the circle surrounding Peter Grønland, not least C.E.F. Weyse. The dissemination of Bach’s printed works seems to increase around the year 1800, but does not reach a high level until 1850. During the 19th century, there were strongly committed performers, who scheduled Bach’s music: the earliest was Hans Matthison-Hansen (organ works), later — from 1875 — Niels W. Gade (including The St. Matthew Passion), Gottfred Matthison-Hansen (organ works) and Frederik Rung (The St. John Passion and Mass in B minor). Then the Cæcilia Society safeguarded Bach’s greater chorale works all the way up to its discontinuation in 1934, whereupon the Symphony Orchestra of the Danish State Broadcasting Service and the Copenhagen Royal Chapel Choir took over. With the Bach Society, Niels Otto Raasted displayed great activity with regards to exposing Bach’s music in many genres, and in this context presented a number of prominent musicians with backgrounds in the milieu of practicing historical performances in Berlin. From the beginning of the 1930s, Finn Viderø was also heavily engaged in Bach’s music, particularly from the perspective of performance practice. By end of the Second World War, the Bach Society came to an end, while Wöldike together with the Copenhagen Royal Chapel Choir and various orchestras maintained extensive concert activity with Bach’s works. The commemoration in 1950, over which Mogens Wöldike presided, cemented the central position of the Copenhagen Royal Chapel Choir and Wöldike in the dissemination of Bach. The historically- and scientifically-founded approach to the music and the performance of it by these musicians and the music teacher Gunnar Heerup had thereby replaced a more subjective cultivation of Bach, and based on this had established an objective, critical approach to the handling of Bach’s music. This development has not changed the assessment of Bach as a composer; his extraordinary endeavour and “by virtue of Bach’s genius, Bach’s [cantatas and passions] … has become something that is unparalleled anywhere else in the world.” (J.P. Larsen).
Freden i Kiel, Grønland og Nordatlanten 1814-2014
Authors: Kjærgaard Thorkild
Published: March 2020

Thorkild Kjærgaard: The Peace in Kiel, Greenland, and the North Atlantic, 1814–2014

At the peace conference in Kiel (North Germany) in January 1814, the Danish-Norwegian North Atlantic Empire that controlled an enormous area of land and water, including not only Denmark (with Schleswig-Holstein) and Norway but also Iceland, the Faroe Islands and the huge, thinly populated ice-covered island of Greenland, was dissolved by the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars. Norway was given to Sweden as compensation for Finland, which Sweden — now in the victorious coalition — had lost to Russia in 1809. Rather surprisingly, the Kingdom of Denmark — now, without Norway, Europe’s smallest independent country — was entrusted with Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, although these three North Atlantic areas since early medieval times had been a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Without question, this was a major historical injustice. For Denmark, the outcome of the 1814 conference in Kiel was twofold: it was reduced to a very small country and it became — and still is — a polar nation, which it had not been before. The article discusses three aspects of this complex. Firstly: What happened in Kiel? Why were the three North Atlantic territories taken from Norway and given to Denmark? Was it, as it has been claimed by a majority of historians, the merit of sly Danish diplomats or was it — as the author believes — the will of the United Kingdom that was imposed on two small countries, Sweden and Denmark? Secondly, it is discussed how Denmark dealt with its new role as a polar nation. It turns out that Denmark initially was a rather hesitant, not to say, unwilling polar nation. Gradually, however, the extraordinary qualities of the North Atlantic islands, especially Greenland, were recognized. Since the end of the 19th century, Greenland has been a major subject of Danish art and literature, just as it has been a decisive dimension of Danish scientific research. The last section of the article deals with the significance of Greenland for Danish security and foreign policy. It is shown how the suffocating dependency on Great Britain after 1814 gradually was reduced thanks to a rapprochement to the new world power, the United States, which very early on showed interest in Greenland, which is, geographically, a part of the North American continent. The close alliance with the United States has saved Greenland for Denmark, just as it has been extremely helpful for Denmark in number of critical situations since 1814, but it also has its price. The price is that Denmark always follows US and never questions US actions. Relatively, Denmark, one of President Bush’s “willing nations,” has had more casualties on the American battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan than any other of the United States’ allied nations. The Danish soldiers who have been killed on Middle East or Central Asiatic battlefields since 2001 have died for Greenland.
Alex Walter – “… den tyske embedsmand, der overhovedet har gjort Danmark de største tjenester under krigen”
Authors: Nissen Mogens Rostgaard
Published: March 2020

Mogens Rostgård Nissen: Alex Walter, — “… the German official who rendered the largest services of all to Denmark during the war.”

Alex Walter was head of the German government committee, which during the occupation of Denmark negotiated trade agreements with the corresponding Danish government committee. That is why he had great influence on the economic side of occupation policy, which the German occupying power carried out in Denmark during the war. Walter had a broad knowledge of Danish economy and Danish conditions in general, because since 1932 he had negotiated trade agreements with top Danish officials. At the same time, he was well-known and respected in Denmark, and that was important for the agreements he assisted in concluding during the occupation. Under his leadership, the German occupying power followed a traditional trade policy, which was focused on practical issues and concrete results. It was a policy, which objectively was for the common good of Denmark and Germany. Walter was a very high-level official in the thoroughly Nazified Ministry of Nutrition and Agriculture. His immediate superior, Herbert Backe, was responsible for German food planning, and he had a decisive influence on the Nazi occupation policy for all of Europe, including the exploitation policy, which took place in Eastern and Southeastern Europe. But Denmark followed an entirely different economic track, which was characterized by negotiations and cooperation, and it was very much Walter, who became responsible for planning and implementing this economic policy. Among his negotiation partners in Denmark, Walter was perceived as a reasonable and sensible man, with whom one could negotiate and rely on. There was a clear understanding that Walter had intervened several times during political crises — among other things when the Danish government stood down in August 1943; during the general strike in the summer of 1944 and in connection with the deportation of the police in the autumn of 1944. But he also had a dark Nazi side to him, precisely because he was linked to Backe and the Ministry of Nutrition and Agriculture. After the war, he was interned due to the fact that as a senior official, he had been a member of the Nazi party and held the rank of SS Sturmbannführer. That is why he was only finally acquitted and stripped of his Nazi status in October 1948, a few months before he died.
Composer, Translator and Educator. Kapellmeister Scheibe and the Emerging Liberal Market during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Hauge Peter
Published: March 2020

Peter Hauge: Komponist, oversætter og pædagog: Kapelmester Scheibe og det spirende frie marked i anden halvdel af det 18. århundrede

Kapelmesteren Johann Adolph Scheibe (1708-1776), virkede det meste af sit liv i Danmark i en periode, hvor store sociale ændringer fandt sted blandt andet med hensyn til musikeres ansættelsesmuligheder. I nærværende artikel forklares Scheibes forskellige valg med hensyn til arbejde ud fra de muligheder, der bød sig i løbet af de 36 år han var i Danmark: Fra en fast stilling ved hoffet som kapelmester i få år pensioneredes Scheibe i 1748 og flyttede med familien til Sønderborg, hvor han oprettede en musikskole for børn og supplerede sin pension med blandt andet at oversætte bøger fra dansk til tysk; samtidig var han meget aktiv i de forskellige musikalske selskaber i København, hvortil han ofte rejste. Sandsynligvis på grund af de usikre forhold under Syvårskrigen (1756-1763), der også påvirkede Sønderjylland og de danske hertugdømmer, besluttede han sig for at flytte tilbage til København, hvor han nedsatte sig som underviser i komposition og generalbas. Samtidig fik han ofte bestillinger fra hoffet om at komponere større musikalske værker til fejring af officielle begivenheder. Scheibe virkede altså som ‘freelance’ komponist og underviser – en ansættelsesform som i forbindelse med Christian 6.s død i 1766 skabte problemer, idet hoffet ikke ville anerkende, at Scheibe skulle betales for arbejdet. Man mente, at Scheibes pension, som han stadig fik, betød, at han stadig stod til rådighed for hoffet. Scheibes position i dansk musikliv er exceptionel og viser den grynende udvikling af andre mere liberale ansættelsesformer.
Bogbind med historie
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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En spionsag i 1930rnes København
Authors: Rosenfeldt Niels Erik , Riisbro Julie Birkedal
Published: March 2020

Niels Erik Rosenfeldt & Julie Birkedal Riisbro: Espionage in Copenhagen in the 1930s

Based on comprehensive source material from Denmark, Germany and the UK in particular, this article sheds new light on a major spy case which was disclosed in 1935 in Copenhagen. The police got on the track of the case in mid-February of that year, when one of the ringleaders, the American communist George Mink, assaulted a young Danish woman in his flat at Elbagade 14 on Amager, where the spies had one of their main bases. In the weeks that followed, a number of foreigners and Danes suspected of involvement in communist espionage on Danish soil but largely directed at Nazi Germany were arrested. Most of them though were released a few months later. However, in July 1935, George Mink and his closest accomplice, the Soviet military intelligence service’s ‘illegal resident’ in Copenhagen, Aleksandr Ulanovskij, otherwise known as Nicholas Sherman, were sentenced by the High Court to a prison term of 18 months, first and foremost for espionage conducted on behalf of a foreign power. The article starts with a brief description of the various and not always fully reliable versions of the story which have previously been in circulation, and then presents the picture that now begins to emerge of what initially happened that February. To further clarify the spy affair, the backgrounds of the principal characters are described. This raises the question: How much was really known at the time? In other words: What became public knowledge based on the more or less rumour-like information which made it into the newspaper columns? And how much concrete information did the Danish authorities manage to gather back then about the identities and activities of the agents? The following sections take stock of how much we know today about the breadth and fields of contact of the espionage affair. They look, among other things, at the connections to Soviet espionage in Finland, France, the UK and the United States. However, on the basis of a previously unused source, special attention is given to the contacts with and the reaction in the key country Germany. Finally, it is pointed out how the Danish police – without knowing whom they had got hold of – in fact detained three leading representatives of the Soviet military intelligence service in addition to the convicted persons. All three, whom the police only knew by their cover names, had been or were still ‘illegal residents’ in Germany. The police action therefore caused considerable consternation in Moscow, and the matter was quickly brought to Stalin’s attention. Shortly afterwards, the head of the Soviet military intelligence service, Jan Berzin, was dismissed from his post as a direct result of the affair in Denmark. All this only became known more than half a century later, but serves to underline the international scope of the Copenhagen spy affair.
“Ægyptologiens Fremtid i vort Land”. H.O. Langes videnskabelige testamente
Authors: Pedersen Lars Schreiber
Published: March 2020

Lars Schreiber Pedersen: “The Future of Egyptology in our Country.” H. O. Lange’s scientific testament

The Royal Library in Copenhagen is the natural home of the Egyptologist and librarian H. O. Lange’s comprehensive archives. For almost 40 years, from 1885 to 1924, he worked at the library, from 1901 to 1924 as chief librarian.The archives at the section for Egyptology at the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies (ToRS) at the University of Copenhagen include a small collection of manuscripts, notes and letters to and from H. O. Lange. The collection also contains a scientific testament prepared by H. O. Lange. The testament is undated, but is thought to have been written in 1938 or 1939. In the testament, which H. O. Lange drew up after retiring from his position as associate professor in Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen, he gave an account of his own efforts within the relatively young field of study, which only gained a foothold at the university following the establishment of his own associate professorship in 1924, while also suggesting how the status of Egyptology in Denmark could be promoted. Characteristically for H. O. Lange, in the testament he was very modest about the results he had achieved during his time at the university. Instead, he drew attention to the people and institutions (in particular the Carlsberg Foundation) who had made it possible for him to establish Egyptology as a field of study at the University of Copenhagen. The training of a new generation of Danish Egyptologists who could ensure the University of Copenhagen’s continued leading position in Scandinavia was an issue very close to H. O. Lange’s heart. In the testament, he gave particular mention to his four best students: C. E. Sander-Hansen, Wolja Erichsen, Aksel Volten and Erik Iversen. He described what their future prospects and opportunities might be, including which jobs he thought they should each take upon themselves.All four students became prominent Egyptologists in their own right, and contributed to ensuring that the University of Copenhagen’s international reputation within Egyptology achieved as a result of H. O. Lange’s long-standing work was not just maintained but further expanded and developed.
Gustav Meissners rolle i den såkaldte nytårskrise 1940-41
Authors: Jørgensen Jesper Düring
Published: March 2020

Jesper Düring Jørgensen: The role of Gustav Meissner in the so-called New Year crisis

The article looks at the role of the German press attaché Gustav Meissner (1910–1995) during the so-called New Year crisis, which unfolded between the German occupying administration and the Danish government from December 1940 to the end of January 1941. The crisis started in autumn 1940 as a reaction to the unsuccessful monetary and customs union negotiations between Germany and Denmark, and as a result of the Danish Nazi party’s failed propaganda offensive. Another factor that contributed to exacerbating the crisis around Christmas 1940 was a protracted attack on Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning, with the intention of removing him from his post as prime minister of Denmark. In addition, conflicts of interest and expectations regarding the occupation of Denmark existed both at the German Federal Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt) and at the German Embassy in Copenhagen. In Copenhagen, the German ambassador Cecil von Renth-Fink tried to implement a pragmatic policy towards the Danish Government to ensure the greatest possible peace and order in the country for the safety of the German troops, and to safeguard the Danish agricultural and industrial exports to Germany, but in Berlin this policy was subtly opposed by the powerful Under Secretary Martin Luther and by his henchman at the embassy in Copenhagen, Gustav Meissner, who, partly behind Renthe-Fink’s back but with the assistance of Louis von Kohl, initiated several intrigues to topple the prime minister in Copenhagen. However, the demands to replace Stauning met with widespread opposition from the Danish government and the trade unions, and the crisis petered out. Stauning remained at his post, but party leader Hans Hedtoft and H. C. Hansen were forced out of office by the Germans.
Værk, offentlighed, (net)arkiv. Transformationen af det litterære felt i medialiseringens tidsalder og hvordan vi sikrer det for eftertiden
Authors: Kromann Thomas Hvid
Published: March 2020

Thomas Hvid Kromann: The literary work, the public sphere, (net)archive – transformation of the literary field in the mediatisation age and how we save it for posterity

The article examines the ongoing transformation of the Danish literary field: what consequences does technological development in particular have for the concept of the literary work, the (literary) public sphere and for the possibilities for storing digital platforms that house both literary works, which are not associated with the printed media, and discussion forums on the internet? The author Caspar Eric’s publications are used as a case for a contemporary expansion of the concept of the literary work, since Eric’s work is not limited to the printed media, but also includes writing experiments, which he publishes on digital platforms in parallel with the official printed versions. The article argues that Eric’s publications in an extended literary field, indicate a need for a thorough reassessment of our delimitations of a literary work. Connected to the expansion of the public sphere, one finds a levelling of literary criticism, partly connected to the rise of social media. Based on the now closed sites Litlive and Promenaden the limits and possibilities of this tendency are examined. Finally, the article discusses the existing conditions for archiving these sites in order to save them for posterity, and it is reasoned that literary research within contemporary literature, beneficially, should include the archiving of literary source material.
Gamle boggaver. Om boggaveskikke ca. 1550-1650
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

Harald Ilsøe: Gamle boggaver. Om boggaveskikke ca. 1550-1650

I en nylig udgivet bog om resterne af Herluf Trolle og Birgitte Gøyes bibliotek på Herlufsholm, det ældst bevarede danske privatbibliotek, gøres opmærksom på, at flere af bøgerne er forsynet med påtegninger om, at de var nytårsgaver til Birgitte Gøye fra Herluf Trolle (d. 1565). Med udgangspunkt heri meddeles nogle eksempler på boggaveskikke frem til ca. 1650, således bøger der på tryk angaves at være nytårsgaver til bestemte personer, men især bøger med trykte eller håndskrevne dedikationer, som kunne være udtryk for venskabelige forbindelser, eller som – når de var stilet til højerestående personer i det sociale hierarki – kunne forventes at medføre et honorar til forfatteren. Til belysning af dette fremdrages bl.a. en række bøger, der er forsynet med tilskrevne dedikationer af latindigteren Erasmus Lætus (d. 1582), teologen Niels Hemmingsen (d. 1600) og historikeren Anders Sørensen Vedel (d. 1616).
En ko, en dør og et stykke papir
Authors: Lerbæk Pedersen Bent
Published: March 2020

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Sælsomme beretninger i lægen og anatomen Thomas Bartholins skrifter
Authors: Brandt Andersen Jesper
Published: March 2020

Jesper Brandt Andersen: Curious case reports in the works of the Danish physician and anatomist Thomas Bartholin

Scattered through the voluminous authorship of the Danish physician and anatomist Thomas Bartholin (1616–1680), famous for his discovery of the lymph vessels in the early 1650s, case reports can be found, for which Bartholin was criticized and accused for verbosity and lack of scientific judgment by contemporary scholars and later medical historians. In this article 15 such case reports, mainly from the work Historiarum Anatomicarum Rariorum 1654–1661, are presented, analyzed and perspectivated. It is concluded, that much of the criticism, especially the one submitted by the posteriority and especially during the era of positivism by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century and the one concerning observations made by Bartholin himself, is unjustified. When practising science himself Bartholin felt responsible for reproducing his observations correctly and trustworthy, and he was not satisfied by making conclusions on the basis of knowledge handed over by others. The author of this article has not succeded in finding one single example indicating that Bartholin doesn’t reproduce his own observations correctly and truthfully. On the other hand there are in his authorship numerous examples of case reports originating from others, which he either didn’t believe himself or at least doubted. When he published case reports originating from other people, he didn’t feel responsible for the truthfulness. His purpose bringing these case reports was to present his reader for new and interesting matter, to entertain his reader, to arouse his reader’s curiosity and to challenge his reader’s own judgment. Thomas Bartholin was one of the most excellent, diligent and passionate intermediaries of scientific matter of his time, and as a scientist he was characterized by openness. Often he was among the first to recognize, verify and publish new knowledge.
Bispens bibliotek. Thomas Kingo og hans bøger
Authors: Kaaber Christian
Published: March 2020

Christian Kaaber: Bispens bibliotek. Thomas Kingo og hans bøger

Salmedigteren og biskoppen Thomas Kingo (1634-1703) efterlod et efter samtidens danske forhold meget stort bibliotek, hvoraf langt det meste kom på auktion i Odense i 1704. Den trykte auktionskatalog giver et mangfoldigt billede af, hvad Kingo havde til rådighed i boglig henseende. Kingo erhvervede i 1694 sin svigerfar, lægen Christoffer Balslevs bibliotek, hvilket forklarer den signifikante tilstedeværelse af lægefaglig litteratur samt talrige naturvidenskabelige bøger. Kingo opnåede dermed at eje et universalbibliotek, og katalogen viser, at han rådede over bøger, der støttede hans virke både som teolog, statsmagtens embedsmand og som åndelig og historisk funderet digter. Biblioteket giver derudover overraskende vinkler på Kingo som politisk interesseret menneske – her optræder samtidige stærkt kontroversielle bøger fra både ind- og udland, og Kingo har kunnet gøre sig fortrolig med tænkning og historieskrivning, der modsagde den danske absolutisme, hvis aktive og stedse loyale tjener han var i som såvel digter som embedsmand. Katalogen dokumenterer hans virke og vekslende succes som forlægger, ligesom den dokumenterer hans for samtiden usædvanlige sprogfærdigheder: Kingo beherskede fra sin barndom engelsk i en grad, der er helt usædvanlig for samtiden og ejede et bredt udvalg af engelsk litteratur inden for alle hans virkefelter samt en række maritime værker, der peger i retning af hans svogerskab med en samtidig engelsk skibsbygger i svensk tjeneste.
The Construction and Transcultural Dissemination of Negative Images of Jews in a French Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for a Danish Reader
Authors: Vidas Marina
Published: March 2020

Marina Vidas: The Construction and Transcultural Dissemination of Negative Images of Jews in a French Thirteenth-Century Illuminated Psalter Made for a Danish Reader

The article is concerned with a thirteenth-century de luxe Psalter (London, British Library, MS Additional 17868) produced in France after 1253. It provides an overview of the relevant literature on the London Psalter, a full description of the textual and pictorial components of the manuscript, including a detailed analysis of the Calendar and Litany, as well as reasons for identifying the intended reader as Danish (rather than French, as has been presumed in earlier scholarly literature). A lengthy and detailed analysis is undertaken of the mostly negative manner in which Jews are represented in the Prefatory Cycle miniatures and Psalter section of the manuscript. It is argued that the image of the Jew in the Prefatory Cycle is shaped by pictorial tradition and the then-current negative perception of Jewish usury while in the Psalter section the depictions of Jews were constructed in response to adjacent texts and to nearby images. It is suggested that the interplay between words and images provided a mnemonic tool for the reader but also reinforced widely-held stereotypes of Jews, for example about Jewish enmity toward Christ. Also presented and discussed is French iconography, including pejorative images of Jews and Judaism, which was assimilated and appropriated in Medieval Danish churches. It is concluded that the images would have shaped the reader’s experience of the text and perception of members of the Jewish faith, centuries before the establishment of Jewish communities in this part of Europe.
Libera tus polígonos con Blender
Authors: González Carlos
Published: March 2020

Blender es la herramienta libre de 3D más instalada del mundo por encima de programas propietarios como Maya, 3D Studio Max o Lightwave, según la revista 3D World. En este artículo, Carlos González, ingeniero informático y profesor de la Escuela Superior de Informática de la Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, analiza las ventajas de Blender.
Festival OFFF: Hacia un cambio de modelo – Parte I
Authors: Córcoles César
Published: March 2020

Parte I: Mario Klingemann, Stamen Design y Robert Hodgin

Como es tradicional en Mosaic seleccionamos de entre las presentaciones de Offf 2007 algunas de las que se centran en el código informático como clave para llegar a la creación multimedia e interactiva, ya sea como forma artística, como herramienta de comunicación y marketing o, incluso, como mero entretenimiento.
Festival OFFF: Hacia un cambio de modelo – Parte II
Authors: Albadalejo Carlos
Published: March 2020

Parte II: Onclick, NoDomain, Joshua Davis vs. Neville Brody y Graffiti Research Lab

La jornada del viernes comenzó con el tema de conversación que más dio de sí durante el festival: la actuación, informal y divertida, de los chicos de Graffiti Research Lab en la Plaça del Macba durante la noche anterior. El ejercicio, que se repetiría con mayor seguimiento la noche del viernes, consistía en la proyección de una serie de graffitis virtuales en un edificio escogido para la ocasión.
Festival OFFF: Hacia un cambio de modelo – Parte III
Authors: Rodríguez René
Published: March 2020

Parte III: James Victore, John Maeda y Takagi Masakatsu

Dos pesos pesados de la informática y el diseño impartieron sendas conferencias durante la última jornada de OFFF 2007. Se trata del diseñador afincado en Nueva York, James Victore, cuyos trabajos reflejaron un interés más político, y John Maeda, profesor del Media Lab de Massachussets Institute of Technology (MIT), quien expuso las ideas desarrolladas en su último libro, Las leyes de la simplicidad. La charla magistral de Maeda está disponible en la web para todos aquellos interesados que quieran verla. Asimismo como sorpresa del festival, los organizadores anunciaron la presentación del artista japonés, Takagi Masakatsu. Este músico ofreció en directo un concierto de piano acompañándose de bases electrónicas y tres pantallas de vídeo.
Emes Multimedia
Authors: Rodríguez René , Giménez Ferran
Published: March 2020

Frente a las técnicas tradicionales de la publicidad y el marketing se están imponiendo nuevos medios como los escaparates y las pantallas interactivas. Estos dispositivos tienen como finalidad impactar al usuario desde el propio punto de venta. De esta y otras cuestiones, nos hablan Pilar Espasa y Carles Pàez, responsables de la compañía Emes Multimedia.
Festival Sónar 2007
Authors: Rodriguez René
Published: March 2020

La decimocuarta edición del Festival Internacional de Música Avanzada y Arte Multimedia de Barcelona Sónar 2007 tuvo lugar los días 14, 15 y 16 de junio en el CCCB, MACBA, L’ Auditori, el Centro de Arte de Santa Mónica y en el recinto Fira Gran Vía 2. Los organizadores de este evento informaron que alrededor de 80 mil personas pudieron disfrutar de una variada oferta de actuaciones musicales, entre las que destacaron figuras como Beastie Boys, Devo, Mogwai, Altern8, Fangoria, Junior Boys, Richie Hawtin, Jeff Mills o Dizzee Rascal.
A Scoping Review Protocol to Map Empirical Evidence that Illuminates the Dark Side of Occupations Among Adults
Authors: Twinley Rebecca , Boland Leonie , Bunn Lisa , Letherby Gayle
Published: March 2020

The objective of this review is to explore existing literature to identify, map, and synthesise past accounts of occupations that could be considered as constituting the dark side of occupation and which could, consequently, be identified and discussed as such. Presenting findings through use of a synthesis matrix, and formulating a descriptive account of the types of occupations (including their form, function, meaning, and contribution to identity and becoming) that constitute the dark side of occupation, is anticipated to assist with prioritising future collaborative research endeavours, as part of an intended programme of research.

Specifically, the review questions are:

What past accounts of occupations have been discussed or explored in the literature that would constitute falling under the conceptual ‘umbrella’ of the dark side of occupation?

What specific occupations that challenge the pervasive belief in the link between health and occupation have been discussed for the adult population, across all cultures?

Where do gaps of knowledge remain regarding the less explored occupations people subjectively experience, and which indicate the priority research areas that need to be explored from an occupational perspective?
A taxonomic revision of the south-eastern dragon lizards of the Smaug warreni (Boulenger) species complex in southern Africa, with the description of a new species (Squamata: Cordylidae)
Authors: Bates Michael F. , Stanley Edward L.
Published: March 2020

A recent multilocus molecular phylogeny of the large dragon lizards of the genus Smaug Stanley et al. (2011) recovered a south-eastern clade of two relatively lightly-armoured, geographically-proximate species (Smaug warreni (Boulenger, 1908) and S. barbertonensis (Van Dam, 1921)). Unexpectedly, S. barbertonensis was found to be paraphyletic, with individuals sampled from northern Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) being more closely related to S. warreni than to S. barbertonensis from the type locality of Barberton in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Examination of voucher specimens used for the molecular analysis, as well as most other available museum material of the three lineages, indicated that the ‘Eswatini’ lineage—including populations in a small area on the northern Eswatini–Mpumalanga border, and northern KwaZulu–Natal Province in South Africa—was readily distinguishable from S. barbertonensis sensu stricto (and S. warreni) by its unique dorsal, lateral and ventral colour patterns. In order to further assess the taxonomic status of the three populations, a detailed morphological analysis was conducted. Multivariate analyses of scale counts and body dimensions indicated that the ‘Eswatini’ lineage and S. warreni were most similar. In particular, S. barbertonensis differed from the other two lineages by its generally lower numbers of transverse rows of dorsal scales, and a relatively wider head. High resolution Computed Tomography also revealed differences in cranial osteology between specimens from the three lineages. The ‘Eswatini’ lineage is described here as a new species, Smaug swazicus sp. nov., representing the ninth known species of dragon lizard. The new species appears to be near-endemic to Eswatini, with about 90% of its range located there. Our study indicates that S. barbertonensis sensu stricto is therefore a South African endemic restricted to an altitudinal band of about 300 m in the Barberton–Nelspruit–Khandizwe area of eastern Mpumalanga Province, while S. warreni is endemic to the narrow Lebombo Mountain range of South Africa, Eswatini and Mozambique. We present a detailed distribution map for the three species, and a revised diagnostic key to the genus Smaug.
Mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium-based compounds do not affect estrogen receptor α
Authors: Zinovkina Ludmila A. , Galivondzhyan Alina K. , Prikhodko Anastasia S. , Galkin Ivan I. , Zinovkin Roman A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Targeting negatively charged mitochondria is often achieved using triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cations. These cationic vehicles may possess biological activity, and a docking study indicates that TPP-moieties may act as modulators of signaling through the estrogen receptor α (ERα). Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed the estrogen-like effects of TPP-based compounds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TPP-based compounds regulate the activity of ERα.

Methods

We used ERa-positive and ERα-negative human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively). Cell proliferation was measured using a resazurin cell growth assay and a real-time cell analyzer assay. Cell cycle progression was analyzed using flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to assess mRNA expression of endogenous estrogen-responsive genes. Luciferase activity was measured to evaluate transcription driven by estrogen-responsive promoters in cells transfected with an estrogen response element (ERE)3-luciferase expression vector.

Results

The TPP-based molecules SkQ1 and C12TPP, as well as the rhodamine-based SkQR1, did not increase the proliferation or alter the cell cycle progression of MCF-7 cells. In contrast, 17β estradiol increased the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and the proportion of cells in the S/G2/M-phases of the cell cycle. TPP-based compounds did not affect the induction of transcription of an ERE-luciferase expression vector in vitro, and SkQ1 did not alter the levels of expression of estrogen-dependent genes encoding GREB1, TFF1, COX6, and IGFBP4.

Conclusion

TPP-based compounds do not possess properties typical of ERα agonists.
Temporal changes in the most effective pollinator of a bromeliad pollinated by bees and hummingbirds
Authors: Leal Roberta Luisa Barbosa , Moreira Marina Muniz , Pinto Alessandra Ribeiro , de Oliveira Ferreira Júlia , Rodriguez-Girones Miguel , Freitas Leandro
Published: March 2020

A generalist pollination system may be characterized through the interaction of a plant species with two or more functional groups of pollinators. The spatiotemporal variation of the most effective pollinator is the factor most frequently advocated to explain the emergence and maintenance of generalist pollination systems. There are few studies merging variation in floral visitor assemblages and the efficacy of pollination by different functional groups. Thus, there are gaps in our knowledge about the variation in time of pollinator efficacy and frequency of generalist species. In this study, we evaluated the pollination efficacy of the floral visitors ofEdmundoa lindenii(Bromeliaceae) and their frequency of visits across four reproductive events. We analyzed the frequency of the three groups of floral visitors (large bees, small bees, and hummingbirds) through focal observations in the reproductive events of 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018. We evaluated the pollination efficacy (fecundity after one visit) through selective exposure treatments and the breeding system by manual pollinations. We tested if the reproductive success after natural pollination varied between the reproductive events and also calculated the pollen limitation index.E. lindeniiis a self-incompatible and parthenocarpic species, requiring the action of pollinators for sexual reproduction. Hummingbirds had higher efficacy than large bees and small bees acted only as pollen larcenists. The relative frequency of the groups of floral visitors varied between the reproductive events. Pollen limitation has occurred only in the reproductive event of 2017, when visits by hummingbirds were scarce and reproductive success after natural pollination was the lowest. We conclude that hummingbirds and large bees were the main and the secondary pollinators ofE. lindenii, respectively, and that temporal variations in the pollinator assemblages had effects on its reproductive success. Despite their lower pollination efficacy, large bees ensured seed set when hummingbirds failed. Thus, we provide evidence that variable pollination environments may favor generalization, even under differential effectiveness of pollinator groups if secondary pollinators provide reproductive assurance.
Искусство флорентийской мозаики в СССР, "Природа"
Authors: Прыгов Вадим Игнатиевич , Беляков Андрей Юрьевич
Published: March 2020

В СССР искусство флорентийской мозаики стало востребованным для украшения интерьеров «советских дворцов», зримо олицетворявших социалистическую мечту о светлом будущем. В эпоху масштабных «строек коммунизма», с 1930-х по 1980-е годы, архитектурные мегапроекты должны были поражать грандиозностью и роскошью отделки, тем самым пропагандируя торжество идей социализма. Для этих целей прекрасно подходила облицовка интерьеров и экстерьеров общественных зданий и сооружений природным камнем. Отечественные запасы и разнообразие поделочного камня, его декоративные свойства открывали безграничные возможности для реализации замыслов архитекторов. Многие созданные произведения получили государственное признание, как в виде различных наград по завершении работы, так и фактом объявления их объектами культурного наследия уже в последнее десятилетие. Часть из них претерпела «иконографическую корректировку», связанную с «преодолением последствий культа личности И.В.Сталина». В 1970-1980-е годы во флорентийской мозаике монументальных форм появились новые темы и сюжеты, расширилось разнообразие применяемого твердого каменного материала, возросло число художников, которые сочетали глубокое знание поделочного камня с вдумчивым использованием его богатейшего декоративного потенциала. Все эти факторы составили прочный фундамент для бурного развития станковых форм флорентийской мозаики уже в XXI в.
ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫЙ подход К ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ И экологии, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Осипов Г.А.
Published: March 2020

В статье обсуждаются и уточняются последствия одного довольно общего явления, а именно, плохих, в определённом смысле неоптимальных, макроэкономических пропорций. Схеме воспроизводства совокупного продукта соответствуют аналоговые математические модели, порождающие “естественные” целевые функции экономики. Свойства рассматриваемых моделей дают основания считать, что главной причиной планетарных экологических проблем является отнюдь не несовершенство конкретных технологий, а испорченные макроэкономические пропорции: они кратно усиливают эффект технологических несовершенств.
УМНЫЕ" СЧЁТЧИКИ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: ОРЛОВ Александр
Published: March 2020

Пока мы в России бьёмся с ростом тарифов и обвиняем коммунальщиков и энергетиков в том, что у них неправильные счётчики, а значит и платить мы им ничего не должны, весь мир погружается в эру интеллектуальных приборов учёта энерго- и коммунальных ресурсов.
ВИНОВАТ ЛИ БЕНЗИН В ГЛОБАЛЬНОМ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИИ АТМОСФЕРЫ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: ДУБРОВИН И.Р. , ДУБРОВИН Е.Р.
Published: March 2020

Сегодня ежеминутно в автомобильных двигателях сжигается не менее 153 000 л бензина, при этом в атмосферу выбрасывается около 1838 5814 т/мин. выхлопных газов, поэтому бытует мнение, что продукты сгорания бензина, впрочем, как и любого другого вида углеводородного топлива, являются основной причиной глобального газового загрязнения атмосферы. Так ли это на самом деле Попробуем разобраться
КАК ЗАЩИТИТЬСЯ ОТ КОРОТКОГО ЗАМЫКАНИЯ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: ОРЛОВ Александр
Published: March 2020

Токоограничивающие реакторы - не новинка на рынке электроэнергетического оборудования. Однако развитие энергосистем, рост мощности генерирующих установок и числа потребителей требуют широкого применения этого оборудования и новых конструктивных решений.
ВЫСОКОЕ ИСКУССТВО ПРОКУДИНА-ГОРСКОГО, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: КИРИЛЛОВ Вадим
Published: March 2020

В начале XX века Сергей Михайлович Прокудин-Горский изобрёл совершенно новый способ цветного фотографирования, специальный проектор и сделал ряд других открытий. О его жизни как выдающегося учёного и художника расскажет наша статья.