bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Study of Catalytic Properties of Rh-Containing Structured Catalyst for Diesel Fuel Conversion into Synthesis Gas
Authors: Shilov V. A. , Rogozhnikov V. N. , Potemkin D. I. , Snytnikov P. V.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we improved the technique for depositing the active oxide Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 – δ on a structured FeCrAl alloy substrate. The essence of the method is the coprecipitation of cerium and zirconium oxides on a FeCrAl grid from an aqueous solution of their nitrates Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and ZrO2(NO3)2·7–8H2O during homogeneous hydrolysis with ammonia. It was shown by XRD analysis that in the sample obtained by co-precipitation, more cerium-zirconium oxide phase is formed, moreover, it is more dispersed than obtained by impregnation technique. This method contributes to the formation of a coating with a larger specific surface area. The developed catalyst has a high activity under the conditions of autothermal reforming of diesel fuel. In the course of life tests for 200 h, it was found that the carbonization of the catalyst at a rate of 8.6 mgc \({\text{g}}_{{{\text{cat}}}}^{{ - 1}}\) h–1, as well as the accumulation of sulfur, did not affect the productivity of the catalyst with respect to synthesis gas, which was ~ 8 m3 \({\text{L}}_{{{\text{cat}}}}^{{ - 1}}\) h–1.
Stabilization of a Carbon Support by Surface Oxygen with Respect to Nitrogen Dioxide in the Pd/HOPG Model System
Authors: Smirnov M. Yu. , Kalinkin A. V. , Bukhtiyarov V. I.
Published: April 2024

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method has been used to study the effect of oxygen on the surface of a carbon support on the result of NO2 interaction with model systems prepared by evaporation of palladium on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). For Pd/HOPG samples with an atomic ratio [O]/[C] ≤ 0.0035, graphite oxidized with the destruction of its structure to a depth of 10–15 graphene layers. In this case, palladium particles remained in the metallic state and penetrated into the subsurface layer of the support due to the deep oxidation of the adjacent carbon atoms. At the atomic ratio [O]/[C] ≈ 0.01–0.02, the result of the interaction changed dramatically. In this case, the HOPG remained stable, and the palladium particles were oxidized to form an oxide. This finding explained the high stability of supported palladium catalysts prepared on Sibunit carbon supports in reactions of oxidation catalysis.
The Study of Catalysis Mechanism in “Copper- and Ligand-Free” Sonogashira Reaction Using the Analysis of Phase Trajectories
Authors: Larina E. V. , Kurokhtina A. A. , Lagoda N. A. , Grigoryeva T. A. , Schmidt A. F.
Published: April 2024

The results are presented on the comparative studies of the differential selectivity patterns in “copper- and ligand-free” Sonogashira reaction under so-called artificial multiroutness aimed at the distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis mechanisms. Using various amounts of soluble and insoluble heterogeneous catalyst precursors resulted in the same values of the differential selectivity of competing aryl iodides, of arylacetylenes, or of the reaction products. The observed patterns conform to the hypothesis about Sonogashira reaction proceeding through homogeneous catalysis mechanism even when heterogeneous insoluble catalyst precursors are used.
The First Application of Palladium–Phosphorus Catalysts in the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide: Reasons for the Promoting Action of Phosphorus
Authors: Belykh L. B. , Skripov N. I. , Sterenchuk T. P. , Akimov V. V. , Tauson V. L. , Likhatski M. N. , Milenkaya E. A. , Kornaukhova T. A. , Schmidt F. K.
Published: April 2024

The main reasons for the promoting effect of phosphorus on the properties of Pd–P/ZSM-5 palladium catalysts in the direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2 under mild conditions are considered based on data from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). It is shown that the introduction of phosphorus into the composition of the catalyst affects the dispersity, the electronic state of palladium in the surface layer, and the surface concentration of phosphate and phosphite ions. An increase in the H2O2 yield is favored by an increase in the dispersion of Pd–P-catalysts, inhibition of the side process of H2O2 decomposition by surface phosphate and phosphite ions, and a decrease in the solubility of hydrogen in solid solutions of phosphorus in palladium.
Native Cobalt in Deep Levels of the Kola Superdeep Borehole
Authors: Gornostaeva T. A. , Mokhov A. V. , Kartashov P. M. , Lobanov K. V.
Published: April 2024

Native cobalt was found in amphibolite of the Kola ultra-deep borehole (SG-3) from a depth of 9630 m by a complex of local analytical methods (analytical scanning electron microscopy, EBSD). The studied amphibolite is a fine-grained melanocratic rock composed mainly of magnesio-ferri-hornblende and containing accessory native-metal, telluride, sulphotelluride and sulphide (Au, Ag, Pd, Bi, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Fe) mineralization. It includes a clinopyroxene xenoclast which poor in sulphides and including native cobalt. The absence of any significant impurity in native cobalt and its belonging to the hexagonal α-modification was determined. Native cobalt was formed probably before both the stage of retrograde metamorphism with the hydrothermal alteration of amphibolite and the formation of the volcano-sedimentary protolith of this rock. Native cobalt probably belongs to the early high-temperature mineral phases inherited from the older Proterozoic-Archean basic volcanism, while the time of formation of this layer of amphibolites is 2.4 billion years.
On the 250th Anniversary of the Oldest Mining and Geological School of Russia
Authors: Marin Yu. B. , Ivanov M. A.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the 250th anniversary of the first higher technical educational institution in Russia – Saint Petersburg Mining University (Mining Institute), whose students and scientific schools made a great contribution to the development of mining and geological sciences and ensured the formation of the mineral resource base of Russia. The main stages of the glorious history of the Mining Institute from its foundation in 1773 to the present day are described. The constant close relationship with the Mining Institute of the Russian Mineralogical Society was emphasized. The Presidium and library of RMS has been located within the walls of the Institute for 154 years and where meetings and congresses of the Society are invariably held.
Optical Spectra and Crystal Chemical Features of Quartz Implanted with Vanadium Ions
Authors: Mukhametshin А. V. , Vakhitov I. R. , Bakhtin А. I. , Lopatin О. N. , Nuzhdin V. I. , Valeev V. F. , Khaibullin R. I.
Published: April 2024

Objects of the study were colorless single crystals of quartz with a total amount of impurities lesser than 1%. Implantation of vanadium ions into the quartz structure was carried out parallel to the symmetry axis C. Irradiation doses varied from 0.75 × 1017 to 1.5 × 1017 ion/cm2. With the purpose to anneal radiation defects and to redistribute the implanted vanadium admixture, the post-implanting heat treatment was carried out in the air atmosphere, within the range 200–1000 °C. There was solved issue of ion-beam modification of the colorimetric properties of the quartz matrix with simultaneous control of change in the nature of color of the piezo quartz raw material. In result of the study, samples with annealing temperatures of 383 and 585 °C were investigated most thoroughly by methods of adsorption optical spectroscopy. The quartz sample with annealing temperature 383 °C has acquired an olive-green color due to formation of oxide nanoprecipitates of vanadium ions with different valences: V2+, V3+, V4+. The quartz sample with annealing temperature 585 °C become discolored in result of oxidation of vanadium ions and their transition in the pentavalent state V5+.
Petersite-(Y) from the Mednorudyanskoe Deposit (Middle Urals, Russia) and Its Crystal Structure
Authors: Sustavov S. G. , Britvin S. N. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Kleimenov D. A. , Pekov I. V.
Published: April 2024

Petersite-(Y) was found in the oxidation zone of the Mednorudyanskoe deposit (Middle Urals). The mineral occurs as light blue acicular hexagonal crystals up to 0.5 mm long and up to 7 μm thick, usually combined in bunches. Associated minerals are malachite, chrysocolla, opal, and rancieite. This is the first find of a mixite-group phosphate mineral in Russia. The chemical composition of the studied petersite-(Y) (electron-microprobe data, H2O content is calculated by stoichiometry, wt %) is: CaO 1.48, CuO 52.65, Y2O3 7.34, La2O3 2.51, Nd2O3 1.01, Dy2O3 0.19, P2O5 23.05, As2O5 0.62, H2O 11.85, total 100.7. The empirical formula is (Y0.59Ca0.24La0.14Nd0.05Dy0.01)Σ1.03Cu6.04(P2.96As0.05)Σ3.01O12(OH)6·3H2O. The crystal structure of a mixite-type phosphate with species-defining REE was first studied on the single crystal extracted from this specimen, R1 = 2.5%. The mineral is hexagonal, space group P63/m, a = 13.2348(4), c = 5.8574(2) Å, V = 888.53(6) Å3, and Z = 2. In general, petersite-(Y) is isotypic to mixite-group arsenates, however, it has a crystal chemical feature earlier unknown for representatives of the mixite structure type: the presence of the octahedral [Ca(H2O)6]2+ clusters in wide channels. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern reliably indexed based on the crystal-structure data is first reported for a mixite-type phosphate.
Direct Observation of Growth Processes on the Crystal Surface Initiated by the Impurities Capturing
Authors: Piskunova N. N.
Published: April 2024

The atomic force microscopy has allowed to register in experiments the development of a screw dislocation on surface of the growing dioxidine crystal triggered by input of tourmaline particles as solid impurities. For theoretical explanation of the process, there is proposed a three-stage mechanism assuming the (1) relaxation of stresses around the impurity particle through formation of one or more dislocations before its germetization at the first stage, then (2) additional formation of boundary dislocations in the moment of the particle been sealing by a growth layer at the second stage, and (3) appearance of the resulting dislocation after complete sealing of the impurity at the third stage. Thus, for the first time the phenomenon of dislocation propagating through growth layers was registered in nanoscale.
Basalt Alteration in High-Temperature Oxidizing-Type Fumaroles at the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Part 2. Gas Metasomatites
Authors: Bulakh M. O. , Pekov I. V. , Koshlyakova N. N. , Nazarova M. A.
Published: April 2024

Five specific types of silicate apobasaltic gas metasomatites formed in the temperature range from 850–900 to 450–500 °C have been identified and characterized in oxidizing-type fumaroles at the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia): (1) diopside-esseneite, (2) haüyne-diopside, (3) anorthoclase/Na-sanidine, (4) sanidine, and (5) fluorophlogopite/sanidine-fluorophlogopite metasomatites. Exhalation incrustations of certain mineral and chemical composition are related to each of these types. In the vertical section of the fumarole system from bottom to top, against the background of volcanic gas cooling, a sequential spatial change of the first four types of gas metasomatites occurs. Fluorophlogopite and sanidine-fluorophlogopite gas metasomatites have not a clear position in the vertical section of the fumarole system and presumably are formed under the action of a gas significantly enriched with Cl and F. Highly siliceous metasomatites, consisting mainly of silica phases, form instead of silicate rocks at temperatures below 450–500 °C.
Amphibole Supergroup Minerals in the Lovozero Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Lyalina L. M. , Pakhomovsky Ya. A. , Mikhailova J. A. , Selivanova E. A.
Published: April 2024

On the base of published data and results of original researches, there were revealed 21 mineral species of the amphibole supergroup minerals in the Lovozero alkaline massif (Kola peninsula, Russia). Among them, 11 species belong to sodium amphiboles, 4 species are sodium-calcium amphiboles and 6 species – calcium ones. Sodium amphiboles are widely present in alkaline rocks of all complexes in the Lovozero massif – layered, eudialyte, and poikilitic complexes, in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins, as well as in roof xenoliths of volcanoclastic rocks of the trap formation. Magnesio-arfvedsonite is the most widespread sodium amphibole, often it is the rock-forming and the main melanocratic mineral. Sodium-calcium amphiboles are found in the poikilitic complex and in xenoliths of volcanoclastic rocks. Calcium amphiboles occur only in xenoliths of volcanoclastic rocks altered metamorphically or metasomatically in different degree. There are analyzed morphology, chemical composition, isomorphic replacements and paragenetic associations of amphiboles in the Lovozero massif, their belonging to different types and complexes of rocks, and their abundance. The critical review of previously published data on amphiboles in the Lovozero massif is given according to the present nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup minerals.
About Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Landscape, Contemporary Mineral-Forming and the Rational Environmental Management as an Integrated Knowledge on Mineralogical-Geochemical Mining Geosystems
Authors: Yurgenson G. A.
Published: April 2024

Regular IX All-Russian symposium “Mineralogy and geochemistry of the landscape of mining” and the XVI All-Russian readings in the memory of Academician A.Ye. Fersman “Rational environmental management” and “Contemporary mineral-forming” become traditional scientific event carrying out since 2006 by the Institute of natural resources, ecology and cryology (INREC) of Siberian Division of the RAS, the Chita division of the Russian Mineralogical Society and Commission on contemporary mineral-forming processes, as well as by the Laboratory of mineralogy and geochemistry of the landscape, which was created by resolution of Scientific Councils of INREC and the Zabaikalsky state university in 2001 and is functioning on the non-for-profit base. These conferences have been carried out in Chita from August 26 to September 2, 2023, they were dedicated to the 300th Anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the same 300 years dating from discovery of Sherlova Gora (Schörl Mountain) – well known deposit of gem-stones and rare metals in the Southeastern Transbaikalia. The program of these events included the excursion in Adun-Chelon and the Schörl Mountain. Materials of these conferences are published in printing and in electronic format.
The Influence of LED Lights of Different Spectrum on the Development of Lactuca sativa
Authors: Nakonechnaya O. V. , Kholin A. S. , Subbotin E. P. , Burkovskaya E. V. , Khrolenko Yu. A. , Gafitskaya I. V. , Orlovskaya I. Yu. , Burdukovsky M. L. , Mikheeva A. V. , Kulchin Yu. N.
Published: April 2024

The effect of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps with 5 different spectra on L. sativa plants (variety ‘Aficion’) grown in protected soil conditions was studied. Warm white light (WW) was used as a control (the ratio of blue, green and red portions in the spectrum was 14% : 48% : 38%). The maximum values of leaf size and fresh weight of the aerial parts were found in the RGB group (blue-green-red ratio 32% : 19% : 49%), highest values of dry weight and ash content – in the FS group (blue-green-red ratio 27% : 11% : 62%). Stomatal size and density on the abaxial leaf’s side was the highest in SB plants (blue-green-red ratio 33% : 41% : 38%). This was the most effective combination of parameters in terms of leaf architectonics. An increase in the portion of red light in the spectrum with a decrease in the portion of green light had a positive effect on the development of L. sativa plants, while an increase in the portion of green light in the spectrum positively affected-the stomatal apparatus formation.
The Prospects for Using Bioluminescent Enzymatic Analysis to Reveal the Exercise Capacity of Sports Horses
Authors: Stepanova L. V. , Kolesnik O. V. , Kolenchukova O. A. , Fedotova A. S. , Kolomeytsev A. V. , Makarov A. V. , Kratasyuk V. A.
Published: April 2024

Bioluminescent testing of saliva of sports horses, selected before and after physical exercise, was carried out using a coupled enzyme reaction catalyzed by NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase and bacterial luciferase. The inhibitory effect of saliva on the intensity of the light emission was shown, which depended on an increase in the pH of saliva after muscle work. A decrease in the integral bioluminescent index after low-intensity muscular work correlated with the content of total protein and glucose in the blood an serum increase in the bioluminescent index at high intensity was due to a decrease in creatinine or an increase in aspartate aminotransferase and is corelated with an increase in heart rate. It has been shown for the first time that the inhibition of bioluminescence can be an indicator of the functional state of a horse in training, which can be used in sports horse breeding to prevent overloads.
Flow Waters, Suspended Matter and Speed of Erosion of Karelian Coast
Authors: Mityaev M. V. , Gerasimova M. V.
Published: April 2024

To determine the rate of decline in the drainage areas of the Karelian Coast, in the 2005–2017 period year-round observations of watercourses flowing into the Chupa, Medvezhya, Keret and Letnaya bays of the White Sea were carried out. In rivers and streams, seasonal and annual changes in water discharge and suspended matter concentrations were studied. It was revealed that the river water runoff does not exceed 2.5 km3, and the stream runoff does not exceed 45 mln m3 per year. The annual water runoff is distributed as follows: on average, 40 ± 2% is carried out during the spring flood, 33 ± 1% during the autumn flood, and 23 ± 1% during the summer low water. Despite the length of the winter period, the winter water runoff never exceeds 8% of the annual runoff. According to the suspended matter concentration, the watercourses of the Karelian Coast are classified as watercourses with a pure water mass, since the long-term average concentration of suspended matter in them is 3.30 ± 0.95 mg/L. It was revealed that the total river runoff of suspended matter is 6.5 thous. t per year; streams carry out less than 500 t of suspended matter per year. Based on the data obtained, an assessment was made of the module of suspended matter runoff and the rate of erosion of watersheds. The mean long-term modulus of suspended matter runoff averages 1.98 ± 0.31 t km–2 per year, the erosion rate is 1.1 ± 0.17 µm per year (n = 382). The low runoff modulus and the slow rate of decline in the catchment areas are due to the geographical location and geological and geomorphologic structure of the Karelian Coast.
The Current State of the Problem of Assessing the Characteristics of Water Bodies Diffuse Pollution in Lowland Watersheds
Authors: Yasinsky S. V. , Kashutina E. A. , Sidorova M. V.
Published: April 2024

A review of modern ideas about the nature and specifics of diffuse pollution of water bodies is made. The formation, movement, and transformation of water flows formed in watersheds during periods of snowmelt and rainfall saturated with dissolved and suspended substances is a complex multidimensional process distributed over the catchment area. The main factors in the formation of diffuse pollution of water bodies is the interaction of a complex of hydrological and geochemical processes, depending on the climatic features of the territory and the structure of land use in watersheds. The development of the chemical and biological industries has led to the entry into the natural environment of new pollutants alien to the biota, requiring new methods for monitoring and cleaning sources of diffuse and point pollution. In cities, the issue of entry and pollution of water bodies with a wide range of pollutants, including microplastics, is most acute. Suspension microparticles carry a significant proportion of priority pollutants for large cities (surfactants, oil products, heavy metals). It is noted that diffuse pollution of water bodies, which forms on various types of the underlying surface of watersheds, is not registered and is not regulated by any state water management or environmental department. The main reasons for this are the uncertainty of the consumer of diffuse runoff, the complexity of organizing its monitoring, and the incomplete understanding by state water authorities of its key role in pollution of water bodies due to insufficient scientific knowledge of the problem in Russia. The necessity of developing a modern scientifically substantiated network for monitoring diffuse runoff is noted. A review of modern models developed both in Russia and abroad, used to calculate the release of pollutants into water bodies using GIS technologies and advanced databases, is made. In a number of cases, an imbalance was noted in the degree of development of blocks describing the transfer of water, sediment and chemicals. Examples of the work of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the modeling of diffuse pollution in the basin of the Cheboksary reservoir under the program “Improvement of the Volga” are given.
The Contribution of A.E. Sluka to the Development of Russian Human Geography of the Foreign World
Authors: Kolosov V. A. , Sluka N. A.
Published: April 2024

The authors analyze the contribution of the Honored Professor of Moscow State University A.E. Sluka to the development of the Soviet and Russian school of socioeconomic regional studies of the foreign world. It is possible to distinguish three key areas in the studies of the scholar, who relied on the works of his teachers–the founders of contemporary national human geography N.N. Baranskii and I.A. Vitver: geography of France, demogeography of Europe, and geography of the Greater Paris. From today’s standpoint, the significance of A.E. Sluka publications on France consist in the accuracy of the characteristics of its regions as a basis for understanding the territorial shifts and the social situation, and the evolution of regional politics in the country and other European countries. A.E. Sluka believed that the experience of regional policy in France (in French terms, aménagement du territoire) is important for Russia. The scientist was a leading Russian specialist in demogeography and one of the first to draw attention to the relation between the population dynamics of the region and its main structures with the migration component. He made a considerable contribution to the comparative study of the natural movement and mobility of the population in the countries of Western Europe by regions. A significant place in the work of A.E. Sluka belonged to the Greater Paris. In the author’s works, the periods of prosperity and decline of the city are linked with world events, its functions, and the emergence of global economy. A multiscale approach was applied, which made it possible to identify the place of the Paris urban agglomeration in the settlement systems of different levels, the economy and political life of the region, the country and Europe as a whole. The studies of A.E. Sluka created a basis for many academic courses and was developed in the works of his students and the scholars of the Institute of Urban Economics, the Institute of Demography and the Institute of Urban Studies of the HSE University, the Faculty of Linguistics and Regional Studies and the Institute of Social Sciences of Moscow State University and other institutions.
Water Crisis in India: Concept of Nexus-Regional Solution
Authors: Sdasyuk G. V. , Alekseeva N. N.
Published: April 2024

In India, which ranks first in the world in terms of population size in 2023, rapid technological and economic development is combined with an increased scarcity of natural resources, which is especially acute in the lack of water resources. Increase of water consumption (90% of water is consumed by irrigation and agriculture), growing competition for water resources from energy, industry, urbanization, etc. require a transition from sectoral water use management to management based on the concept of nexus (latin)–linkage between sectors. The central is Water–Energy–Food nexus which has been studied since the early 2010s. In developing the new National Water Policy of India, attention is focused on the development of the Water–Energy–Food production nexus. The article is based on a review of scientific publications, a critical analysis of forecasts and scenarios, and the use of statistical databases. The most acute problems of water availability and rationalization of its use are discussed at the state level and at the level of large river basins (project “Pure Ganges”). Technological and managerial decisions made in India aimed at rationalizing water use based on an unsophisticated approach are considered. A new driving force is the accelerated development of renewable energy sources. The problems of the Water–Energy–Food production nexus can be successfully solved only in the context of integral regional development, which becomes more complicated under the climate change.
RuFlux: The Network of the Eddy Covariance Sites in Russia
Authors: Kuricheva O. A. , Avilov V. K. , Varlagin A. V. , Gitarskiy M. L. , Dmitrichenko A. A. , Dyukarev E. A. , Zagirova S. V. , Zamolodchikov D. G. , Zyryanov V. I. , Karelin D. V. , Karsanaev S. V. , Kurganova I. N. , Lapshina E. D. , Maksimov A. P. , Maximov T. Ch. , Mamkin V. V. , Marunich A. S. , Miglovets M. N. , Mikhailov O. A. , Panov A. V. , Prokushkin A. S. , Sidenko N. V. , Shilkin A. V. , Kurbatova Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

For the first time, the information is summarized on the history of establishment, the state of observations and the main scientific results on sites included in RuFlux, the Russian eddy covariance network for the monitoring of greenhouse gases (GHG). Eddy covariance technique provides estimates of GHG fluxes at the level of ecosystems. The long-term series of GHG fluxes (more than 190 site-years of observations) have been obtained. Up to the end of 2022, 86% of the sites of the RuFlux network are located in forests and wetlands, 77% of all sites are in the middle and southern taiga. Almost all undisturbed ecosystems in Russia are the sinks of CO2 from the atmosphere with a range of average annual estimates of net absorption from 80 to 240 g C m–2 yr–1. The GHG balance is determined by a complex of abiotic and biotic factors. The average long-term net CO2 absorption is higher in permafrost Siberian larch forests than in European spruce forests. When moving from west to east, the intensity of CO2 sink in the middle of summer increases, and the emission of CO2 in the middle of winter decreases sharply. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances lead to the transformation of the carbon balance by increasing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. RuFlux network covers a wide range of types of ecosystems, but it is needed to organize more GHG sites in tundra, northern taiga, forest-steppe, steppe, and semi-deserts; in the ecosystems disturbed by humans (including fields) and in the ecosystems with successions caused by natural disturbances.
Economic and Natural Factors of Spatial Heterogeneity of Forest Carbon Emissions in Russia in the 2010s
Authors: Pyzhev А. I.
Published: April 2024

Increasing the net carbon sequestration of forests is the only way for Russia to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In this context, along with measures to increase the area and quality of stands, ways to reduce carbon emissions due to human activities and natural disturbances are important. The article uses regression models of panel data to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions in the Russian forests in 2009–2021 as measured by Global Forest Watch project tools, depending on economic (volume of logging, government spending on forest management, forest protection and forest fire measures) and natural (scale of forest fires and outbreaks of mass reproduction of insect pests) factors. Logging and forest fires are expected to have the greatest impact on forest carbon losses, while spending on the performance of state functions in the sphere of forest relations has almost no response in the reduction of carbon emissions. Thus, in fact, the goal of preserving forests through public investment in appropriate measures has not yet been achieved. The resulting set of regression models can be used to predict the dynamics of the regional effects of forest carbon losses under changes in logging volumes and various trajectories of the dynamics of forest fire activity. Such analysis will be critically necessary for the formation of regional plans for greenhouse gas emission reduction, taking into account the maximum use of the potential of forests’ net carbon sequestration build-up.
Socioeconomic Statistics of the Second Half of the 19th–Early 20th Century as Source for the Historical Economic and Geographical Zoning of Russia
Authors: Kondakova T. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article examines historical and statistical sources abd analyzes the degree of study of the materials of socioeconomic statistics from the second half of the 19th–early 20th centuries. The author reviews scientific papers containing statistical data for the specified period, divided into thematic groups. The classification of historical written materials characterizing the development of the population and economy of rural areas, both for individual provinces and for the entire territory of European Russia, is given according to several principles (chronological, territorial-hierarchical, and problem-thematic). The author has developed an original classification of sources on socioeconomic statistics in accordance with their content and territorial coverage with the definition of such groups as cartographic materials, local history studies, archival documents, scientific papers and research, statistical materials containing demographic and economic characteristics, land use features; systematization as they arise for three periods has been carried out; on separate examples, various types of statistical materials containing demographic, social and economic characteristics are considered in detail, with a clear division into industries (agriculture, industry, the state of the population, characteristics of regions); sources in the form of office materials, various censuses, scientific works of a complex nature, complex works – statistical reports, statistical reference publications, statistical essays – descriptions of individual provinces, zemstvo surveys of peasant farms, etc. As a conclusion, the geographical information contained in the sources is divided according to the sectoral principle and the principle of territorial coverage (detailed comprehensive statistical characteristics, descriptions, statistical studies; statistical essays; economic and statistical research, and descriptions of individual villages and villages; materials from censuses, collections of information, collections of cartograms and diagrams, and address calendars). The article identifies possible prospects for the use of socioeconomic statistics in works on historical geography.
Production Dependence on Imports in the Russian Economy: Regional Projection
Authors: Zemlyanskii D. Yu. , Chuzhenkova V. A.
Published: April 2024

The key factors in the regional consequences of the sanctions imposed in 2022 on certain sectors of the Russian economy were disruption of supply chains and production ties with foreign companies. The significance of these factors for the regional economy can be assessed through the indicator of production dependence on imports. The study revealed that low production dependence on imports is typical for the least developed regions that are poorly integrated into the international trade system, as well as individual regions specializing in the extraction of fuel and energy minerals, for which imports are more important than mass supplies of equipment and components. A high level of dependence is manifested in three types of regions: those specializing in machinery industry, entities on whose territory international ports are located, as well as territories where large investment projects are being implemented with the participation of foreign capital and/or with significant purchases of foreign equipment. Although in 2020–2021, production dependence on imports had practically no effect on the overall dynamics of the industry. In 2022 this factor again became significant and led to a deterioration in the situation in the group of regions with the maximum level of production dependence on imports. The strengthening of the negative impact of production dependence on imports, among other things, was the result of the policy of import substitution carried out in Russia over the past decade, aimed at directly replacing the supply of imported goods to the Russian market, primarily through the localization of the final stages of production. At the same time, the absence of a stimulating policy to increase competitiveness in export sectors through the development of own technologies and the production of technological equipment can lead to technological blocking and a long-term industrial crisis in regions with medium and low production dependence on imports.
Trio of Young Cities in the Old-Developed Space of the Middle Urals
Authors: Zykin I. V.
Published: April 2024

The history of the Urals as part of Russia is closely related to industrial production. It developed during the main waves of modernization in the country and was accompanied by economic development of the territory, the formation of new villages and cities. A significant stage is the post-war period, when large projects for the extraction of minerals, the construction of energy enterprises, and the nuclear industry were implemented in the Ural region. In particular, in Sverdlovsk oblast in the late 1940–1950s, three small cities arose on a compact territory between the cities of Nizhny Tagil and Serov, in the upper reaches of the Tura River. Nizhnyaya Tura, founded in the middle of the 18th century, acted as a springboard for the construction of Kachkanar and Sverdlovsk-45 (modern city of Lesnoy) and thanks to this developed as a diversified center. This territory, at the present stage composed of three urban districts, should be considered as a group of geographically close settlements of the same administrative rank. Its development reflects all-Russian problems: small towns and urban districts; single-industry and multi-industry cities, polarization and compression of the developed space; internal and external challenges. The article examines the formation of a group of geographically close settlements, the dynamics of the population, the trends of socioeconomic development of the territory in the second half of the 2010s–early 2020s. It is shown that the development of a group of settlements was decisively influenced by resource and defense factors, which at the present stage were supplemented by an innovative factor. Kachkanar, a mining center, is a single-industry town; Lesnoy, center of electrochemical engineering, has the status of a closed administrative-territorial entity; in Nizhnyaya Tura there are enterprises of energy, engineering, construction industry. City-forming enterprises were able to adapt to the realities of the modern economy. The number of inhabitants of the territory is decreasing, in the medium term this trend may negatively affect the age composition of the population, the quality of labor resources.
Methane Concentration and Fluxes in Volga River Reservoirs
Authors: Grechushnikova M. G. , Repina I. A. , Frolova N. L. , Agafonova S. A. , Lomov V. A. , Sokolov D. I. , Stepanenko V. M. , Efimov V. A. , Mol’kov A. A. , Kapustin I. A.
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of methane flux and its concentration measurements in the reservoirs of the Volga cascade: Ivankovskoye, Rybinskoye, Gorkovskoye, Kuybyshevskoye, and Volgogradskoye reservoirs. The article summarizes the materials from the 2017–2023 seasonal observations archive. Measurements of the gas flux were carried out by the floating chamber method, the methane concentration determination in the samples was carried out by the headspace method. The spatial and seasonal variability of both methane content and its emissions depending on the coefficient of water exchange, weather conditions, the nature of bottom sediments, and depth was revealed. High values of methane concentration and methane flux are observed in the presence of stratification, while during vertical mixing, the flux values decrease significantly. The highest methane flux values are characteristic of the heavily populated by macrophytes shallow Shoshinskiy reach of the Ivankovskoye reservoir (up to 334 mgC-CH4/(m2 day)), the flooded left bank floodplain of the Gorkovskoye reservoir (up to 548 mgC-CH4/(m2 day)), where they are associated with weak flow and intra-mold circulation, and also for Chesnava bay of the Rybinskoye reservoir (up to 1086 mgC-CH4/(m2 day)), associated with anthropogenic pollution and low flow rates. In the bays of Kuybyshevskoye and Volgogradskoye reservoirs that receive inflows with increased mineralization, stratification may increase due to density stratification, the formation of zones with oxygen deficit, and increase in methane flux despite the small amount of organic matter in sediments. The example of the Gorkovskoye reservoir shows the effect of the dam on the spatial structure of methane flux and concentration. Comparison with generalized data on specific methane flows from moderate water reservoirs showed that in the Volga cascade, these values are lower in all months of the open water period except August.
Are “Bear Corners” Homogeneous: Differentiation of Regions Along the Vologda–Kostroma Border
Authors: Averkieva K. V. , Zernov F. V.
Published: April 2024

The article considers a strip of municipal districts on the border of Kostroma and Vologda oblasts–a territory that simultaneously belongs to the periphery of both regions, the periphery of economic regions and modern federal districts, and the inner periphery of European Russia. The territories under consideration are part of the old-developed non-Chernozem zone, which is characterized by rapid depopulation and shrinkage of the developed space. The purpose of the study is to identify the spatial differentiation of areas along the border and its role in the formation of differences between the territories. Various methods were used: the study of historical maps, the analysis of modern statistics, methods of qualitative sociology, and field observations. The study showed the predominantly barrier function of the regional border, largely due to physical and geographical reasons–the watershed of the Volga and White Sea basins and the configuration of rivers along which local systems historically formed rural settlement pattern and transport corridors. The historical multidirectional spatial gravity of regions on different sides of the border, combined with institutional barriers, led to the differentiation of economic and social processes in municipal regions. Thus, the socioeconomic indicators of the regions on the Vologda side of the border are generally more prosperous and differ less from each other than on the Kostroma side. The study also revealed an extremely important role that interregional routes could play. With a general trend towards a reduction in the rural population and fragmentation of the local economy, the territories on both sides of the border are heterogeneous, and various combinations of place functions are formed. At the same time, it is premature to attribute a strip of peripheral territory in relation to many centers to the zone of a spontaneously formed natural reserve.
Geographical Study of the 6G Wireless Communications: Outlines of Future Directions
Authors: Blanutsa V. I.
Published: April 2024

According to existing forecasts, after 2030, an intelligent, three-dimensional, ultra-dense, integrated, terabyte, terahertz, tactile, and touch-scanning wireless communication system of the sixth generation (6G) will be deployed. Spatial features will be very significant for it, which necessitates geographical research. Therefore, an attempt has been made to determine the future directions of the geographical study of 6G networks based on a comparison of network parameters with the existing experience of knowing the spatial and temporal features of the deployment of information and communication networks. The main attention is paid to the infrastructure and the telecommunication services. The infrastructure includes cloud data centers, stationary and mobile base stations, subscriber and robotic devices, radiating surfaces, sensors, and other network elements. Future services will be represented by ubiquitously connected artificial intelligence, sensory scanning of the environment, holographic telepresence, augmented reality, tactile communication, three-dimensional positioning, and other services. It is proposed to develop geographical research in the following areas: deployment of a spatially distributed network; info-communication-network development of space; identification of “smart” agglomerations and regions; spatial diffusion of telecommunications services; center-peripheral digital inequality; and artificial intelligence specialization of regions. Applied work is proposed to be carried out on the geographical expertise of network projects, optimization of the linear-node structure and recommendations of the 7G network parameters. For each of the nine directions, general characteristics and possible division into particular directions are given. Within the framework of the selected directions, the proposed periodization of the main research tasks is shown from the development of a methodology for geographical cognition of 6G networks in the 2020s to obtaining empirical results in the 2030s and their subsequent discussion for the transition to 7G in the 2040s.
Territorial and Production Structure of the US Power Industry: Historical Aspect and Modern Development Trends
Authors: Gorkina T. I.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to modern trends in the development of the US electric power industry, which, as an important component of the energy sector in general, is a driver of the country’s economy. For many decades, the US electric power industry has been the world’s leader in electricity generation. Based on a multiscale study, the territorial and production structures of the electric power industry, whose formation began in the 1870s, are analyzed. The dynamics of the development of the electric power industry from the beginning of its inception is briefly characterized. The location of the industry on the territory of the country and changes in its territorial and production structures are considered in detail. The use of data on individual power plants made it possible to reveal the real picture of the distribution of the industry from the 1960s until now. Based on this detailed analysis, the degree of territorial concentration of installed capacities was calculated in three categories: power plants located on the territory of the MSA; power plants in counties bordering the MSA; and power plants located outside these areas. When calculating the concentration, power plants with a capacity of more than 50 MW each were taken into account, which is almost 70% of the total for the industry. The main factors of placement are considered, special attention paid to the factors of NPP placement. The calculation of the correlation coefficient between generation and location of the manufacturing industry, generation and population, and generation and energy resources revealed the tightness of the links in each combination.
PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TENTANG KORUPSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN WAJIB PAJAK
Authors: Indah Fitriana Leily Nur , Ustman Ustman , Antika Rindi , Budi Budi
Published: April 2024

Pajak memiliki peran sangat penting di Indonesia, mengingat untuk pembangunan National akan memerlukan dana yang relative besar. Oleh sebab itu Pemanfaatan media social saat ini dinilai sebagai langkah yang efektif dan efisien dikarenakan lebih mudah di akses oleh seluruh masyarakat, cepat dan mudah untuk terhubung dengan siapapun. System perpajakan di Indonesia ini menuntut masyarakat untuk memenuhui kewajiban perpajakannnya, sehingga membutuhkan kesadaran dari masyarakat untuk selalu membayar pajak tepat waktu. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak korupsi perpajakan dari pemberitaan di media social terhadap kepatuhan dan kepercayaan masyarakat untuk membayar pajak.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN PENGAWASAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI KANTOR WALI NAGARI SUNGAI LANSEK KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Nurlina Nurlina , Yanti Budi , Seven Yusmita
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAK : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi dan pengawasan kerja secara parsial dan simultan terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai Kantor Wali Nagari Sungai Lansek Kabupaten Sijunjung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling, sehingga dari populasi tersebut diambil sampel sebanyak 36 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda, uji t, uji F, dan koefesien determinasi. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linear berganda didapatkan Y = 11,147 + 0,455 X1 + 1,108 X2 + e. Dari hasil uji t yang dilakukan pada variabel kompensasi berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai Kantor Wali Nagari Sungai Lansek Kabupaten Sijunjung dengan nilai thitung > ttabel ( 2,704 > 1,692 ) dan variabel pengawasan kerja berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai Kantor Wali Nagari Sungai Lansek Kabupaten Sijunjung dengan nilai thitung > ttabel ( 3,547 > 1,692 ). Dari hasil uji F atau uji simultan yang dilakukan yang dilakukan terbukti bahwa variabel kompensasi dan pengawasan kerja memiliki nilai Fhitung > Ftabel atau ( 17,003 > 3,28 ), sehingga secara bersamaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prodktivitas kerja pegawai Kantor Wali Nagari Sungai Lansek Kabupaten Sijunjung, nilai koefisien determinasi terdapat pada nilai Adjusted R Square dengan sebesar 0,478. Hal ini berarti kemampuan variabel bebas dalam menjelaskan variabel terikat adalah sebesar 47,8% dan sisanya 52,2% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Kompensasi, Pengawasan, Produktivitas Kerja
GREEN HUMAN RESOUCES MANAGEMENT TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE PADA UMKM KULINER KOTA PADANG
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati , Anwar Saiful , Zusmawati Zusmawati
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAK : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh variabel kinerja ekonomi, kinerja lingkungan, dan kinerja sosial terhadap GHRM (Green Human Resource Management). Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan SEM-PLS dengan menggunakan data primer. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa variabel kinerja ekonomi, kinerja lingkungan, dan kinerja sosial secara signifikan mempengaruhi GHRM, dengan nilai P-values yang lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi alfa 5%. Koefisien regresi masing-masing variabel menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan GHRM, yang menandakan bahwa peningkatan satu satuan dalam kinerja ekonomi, lingkungan, atau sosial diharapkan akan mengakibatkan peningkatan sebesar 0,237, 0,333, dan 0,238 satuan dalam GHRM, secara berturut-turut. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi praktisi dan peneliti dalam memahami faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi manajemen sumber daya manusia yang baik.Kata kunci: GHRM, Triple Bottom Line,UMKM