bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late subsequent Merkel cell carcinoma after 21 years of the first primary diagnosis: When to de‐escalate surveillance?
Authors: Borda Luis J. , Cushman Courtny S. , Pariser Robert J.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) presents challenges in surveillance due to varied recurrence rates and uncertain follow‐up protocols, especially in late recurrent cases. These cases need personalized monitoring strategies beyond traditional timelines, such as clinical and molecular factors, in order to optimize patient outcomes.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation with a propensity for recurrence following initial treatment. Surveillance strategies for MCC patients lack specificity, and the duration of surveillance remains uncertain, posing challenges in identifying appropriate follow‐up intervals. Therefore, we present a 94‐year‐old woman, with history of stage IA MCC in her left nasal wall 21 years prior, that presented with a dome‐shaped eroded nodule on her left fifth finger. Biopsy showed characteristic MCC features with positive immunohistochemistry for CD56, synaptophysin, and CK20 (perinuclear dotting). The patient opted against further imaging or lymph node biopsy and underwent Mohs micrographic surgery. To date, there has not been any evidence of recurrence at previous sites or development of new primary lesions. This case underscores the need for ongoing surveillance despite long disease‐free intervals. It also stands out as the case demonstrating the longest latency/recurrence‐free interval following the initial diagnosis of MCC in the literature. While most recurrences occur within the first few years post‐diagnosis, our case highlights the exceptional nature of late recurrences and prompts reevaluation of surveillance protocols. Current guidelines recommend surveillance for up to 3 years post‐treatment, but factors, such as patient demographics and tumor characteristics, may warrant extended monitoring periods. Emerging biomarkers, such as Merkel cell polyomavirus status and circulating tumor DNA, show promise in predicting and monitoring recurrences, but their utility in late recurrence detection requires further investigation.
N2O Assisted Ethane Transformation into Ethylene Using NiO−CeO2−ZrO2 Catalysts
Authors: Sánchez Ginebra , Dejoz Ana M. , Fernández‐Domene Ramón , Barroso‐Martín Isabel , Ballesteros‐Plata Daniel , Infantes‐Molina Antonia , Cecilia Juan A. , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , López Nieto José M. , Sánchez‐Tovar Rita , Solsona Benjamín
Published: August 2024

NiO−CeO2 and NiO−CeO2−ZrO2 catalysts have been synthesized, electrochemically characterized (Mott‐Schottky (MS) measurements and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy), physicochemically characterized (by N2 adsorption, XRD, Transmission Electron Microscopy and XPS) and tested in the N2O assisted ethane oxydehydrogenation. The use of low Zr‐loadings (Zr/Ce=0.1 at. ratio) has led to the optimal results in the ethylene production, improving those obtained by the Zr‐free NiO−CeO2 catalyst. However, high Zr‐loadings have meant a decrease in the olefin production. The catalytic results obtained have been explained considering the amount of oxygen vacancies, the crystalline phases formed and, especially, the nature of the surface Ni species. Importantly, the use of N2O as an oxidizing agent leads to a remarkable improvement in the selectivity to the olefin compared to that obtained employing molecular O2. Then, for a given ethane conversion the selectivity to ethylene is ca. 15 points higher using N2O than using O2. Another additional positive aspect of this NiO−CeO2−ZrO2 catalyst is its high catalytic stability.
Bioinspired Molecular Scalpel for Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Nanosheet: Design Strategies and Recent Progress
Authors: Liu Yang , Ge Fayuan , Duan Xinde , Wu Tingting , Qin Ling , Zheng Hegen
Published: August 2024

Ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic nanosheets (MONs) have attracted continued attention in the field of advanced functional materials. Their nanoscale thickness, high surface‐to‐volume ratio, and abundant accessible active sites, are superior advantages compared with their 3D bulk counterparts. Bioinspired molecular scalpel strategy is a promising method for the creation of 2D MONs, and may solve the current shortcomings of MONs synthesis. This review aims to provide a state‐of‐the‐art overview of molecular scalpel strategies and share the results of current development to provide a better solution for MONs synthesis. Different types of molecular scalpel strategies have been systematically summarized. Both mechanisms, advantages and limitations of multiform molecular scalpel strategies have been discussed. Besides, the challenges to be overcome and the question to be solved are also introduced.
Krankenschwester für kranke Schwestern
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: August 2024

Sanitäter und Krankenschwestern arbeiten eng zusammen. Das ist auch bei Ameisen so. Nachdem sechsbeinige „Sanitäter“ im Kampf mit Termiten verwundete Artgenossen ins Nest transportiert haben, säubern „Krankenschwestern“ die Wunden und tragen Antibiotika auf – letzteres aber nur, wenn die Wunden auch wirklich infiziert sind.
Exposure assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and norovirus genogroup I/genogroup II in aerosols generated by a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Gonçalves José , Franco Andrés Felipe , Gomes da Silva Priscilla , Rodriguez Elisa , Diaz Israel , González Peña Maria José , Mesquita João R. , Muñoz Raul , Garcia‐Encina Pedro
Published: August 2024

The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in wastewater and its potential as an airborne transmission source require extensive investigation, particularly in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where few studies have been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 and norovirus (NoV) RNA in wastewater and air samples collected from a municipal WWTP. In addition, the study assessed the potential risk of viral exposure among WWTP employees. In both the summer and winter campaigns of this study, SARS‐CoV‐2 and NoV RNA were quantified in wastewater/sludge samples other than effluent. Viral RNA was not detected in any of the air samples collected. The exposure risk assessment with the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA concentrations in the influent pumping station of this study shows a lower risk than the calculation with the historical data provided by AquaVall, but both show a low‐to‐medium exposure risk for the WWTP workers. The sensitivity analysis shows that the result of the model is strongly influenced by the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA quantification in the wastewater. This study underscores the need for extensive investigations into the presence and viability of SARS‐CoV‐2 in wastewater, especially as a potential airborne transmission source within WWTPs.
Factors associated with an inconclusive result from commercial homologous recombination deficiency testing in ovarian cancer
Authors: Sullivan Mackenzie W. , Graves Stephen , Adkoli Anusha , Zhou Qin , Iasonos Alexia , Ellenson Lora H. , Chi Dennis S. , Aghajanian Carol , Liu Ying L. , Sonoda Yukio , O’Cearbhaill Roisin E. , Weigelt Britta , Grisham Rachel N.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing is used to determine the appropriateness of poly ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitors for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and no germline/somatic BRCA1/2 alterations. Myriad MyChoice CDx reports a genomic instability score (GIS) to quantify the level of HRD, with a positive score defined as ≥42. The authors sought to define factors associated with obtaining an inconclusive HRD test result.

Methods

GIS was retrieved for patients at their institution with epithelial ovarian cancer without germline/somatic BRCA1/2 deleterious alterations who underwent HRD testing from April 2020–August 2023. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record.

Results

Of 477 HRD test results identified, 57 (12%) were inconclusive. High‐grade serous ovarian cancers had higher GIS than other histologic types (median 29 vs. 21, p < .001). Most HRD cases were of high‐grade serous histology; no cases with clear cell or endometrioid histology were HRD‐positive. On univariate analysis, interval versus primary cytoreductive surgery, other specimen sources versus surgical specimens, and chemotherapy exposure were risk factors for inconclusive HRD testing. On multivariable analysis, chemotherapy exposure, and tissue source were associated with an inconclusive test result, with surgical specimens more likely to yield a conclusive result than other sources (biopsy, cytology, other). Age, stage, self‐reported race, and histology were not associated with an inconclusive result.

Conclusions

Surgical tissue was more likely to yield a conclusive HRD test result versus other sources of epithelial ovarian cancer tissue acquisition. When feasible, laparoscopic biopsy before initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy may increase the likelihood of obtaining interpretable HRD test results.
Spectroscopic Investigation of a Ruthenium Tris‐Diimine Complex Featuring a Bioinspired Alloxazine Ligand
Authors: Hagmeyer Nina , Schwab Alexander , Mroweh Nabil , McManus Caitilin , Varghese Maneesha , Mouesca Jean‐Marie , Gambarelli Serge , Kupfer Stephan , Chavarot‐Kerlidou Murielle , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Molecular charge accumulating systems that act as both, photosensitizer and electron storage unit, are of interest in the context of multielectron redox processes, e. g. in solar fuel production. To this end, the photophysical properties of RuL1, a ruthenium tris‐diimine complex with an alloxazine‐based ligand as bioinspired structural motif, were investigated. The study includes absorption, emission, resonance Raman and transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical simulations to determine the light‐driven reactivity of the complex. Moreover, spectroelectrochemistry was employed for an in‐depth characterization of the optical properties of the reduced complex. Finally, a photolysis experiment using triethanolamine as electron source, in conjunction with redox titrations, demonstrated that visible light irradiation triggers the formation of the doubly‐reduced singly‐protonated derivative of RuL1, where both redox equivalents are stored on the alloxazine‐based ligand.
Get your children vaccinated, autism will not result
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

Measles is one of the most contagious respiratory diseases in the world that has the potential to be life‐threatening. It is caused by a virus and is still common in many countries.
Boosted Solar Thermochemical Low‐Temperature CO2 Splitting On Pt/CeO2 by Interface Catalysis
Authors: Zong Teng , Shen Qianqian , Han Yujia , Ruan Chongyan , Liu Shu , Wang Chaojie , Tian Ming , Li Lin , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Solar thermochemical CO2 splitting using metal oxides is considered as a promising approach to produce solar fuels since it is capable to tap abundant sunlight directly and store solar energy in the renewable fuel. It remains a grand challenge to achieve highly efficient CO2 splitting at low temperature (<800 °C) due to insufficient activation of metal oxides for CO2. Herein, the introduction of a small amount of Pt was found to be able to greatly increase the performance of CO2 splitting with the highest peak CO production rate of about 65 mL min−1 g−1, CO productivity of about 53 mL g−1, nearly 100 % CO2 conversion and long‐term stability for 0.5Pt/CeO2, which exceeded most of the state‐of‐the‐art transition metals‐based oxides even at lower temperature (700 °C). This could be attributed to the addition of Pt leading to the formation of an interface (Pt0‐Ov‐Ce3+) after CH4 reduction, which improved CO2 activation and dissociation due to beneficial breakage of C=O bond by the cooperation of Pt0 and oxygen vacancies in the interface.
s‐scheme3D/3D Bi0/BiOBr/P Doped g‐C3 N4 with Oxygen Vacancies (Ov) for Photodegradation of Pharmaceuticals: In‐situ H2O2 Production and Plasmon Induced Stability
Authors: Malefane Mope E. , Managa Muthumuni , Nkambule Thabo T. I. , Kuvarega Alex T.
Published: August 2024

Complications accompanying photocatalyst stability and recombination of exciton charges in pollutants degradation has been addressed through the construction of heterojunctions, especially S‐scheme heterojunction with strong and distinctive redox centres. Herein, an S‐scheme BiOBr (BOR) and g‐C3N4PO4 (CNPO) catalyst (BORCNPO) with oxygen vacancy (Ov) was synthesized for levofloxacin (LVX) and oxytetracycline (OTC) photodegradation under visible light. The 3D/3D BORCNPO catalyst possessed C−O−Br bridging bonds for efficient charge transfer during the fabrication of S‐scheme heterojunction. In‐situ H2O2 formation affirmed by potassium titanium (IV) oxalate spectrophotometric method improved the mineralization ability of BORCNPO7.5 catalyst. Bi0 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced formation and involvement of ⋅O2− and the stability of the catalyst which increased reaction rate with increasing cycling experiments. XPS and radical trapping experiments supported the S‐scheme charge transfer mechanism formation with high degradation rate of LVX which was 3 times higher than OTC degradation rate. Mineralization of pollutants and their intermediates were demonstrated with florescence excitation and emission matrix (FEEM) and quadruple time of flight high performance liquid chromatography (QTOF‐HPLC). This work advances development of highly stable and efficient catalysts for photodegradation of pollutants through the formation of S‐scheme heterostructure.
Modeling, design, and performance analysis of a Y‐source DC‐DC converter under limitations of hardware and leakage inductances
Authors: Rodrigues Marcus V. M. , Santos Rafael , Oro Arenas Luis De , Marafão Fernando P. , Gonçalves Flávio A. S.
Published: August 2024

The widespread of renewable energy sources often requires DC‐DC power converters with higher operational flexibility and voltage gain capability. The Y‐source converter offers significant features to fill this demand, but its performance can be negatively affected by coupled‐inductor leakage inductances. This paper presents simplified models for the Y‐source DC‐DC converter (YSDC) that, although not directly including the presence of leakage inductances, offer a satisfactory description of how the converter operates in terms of its steady‐state behavior, small‐signal dynamics, and estimation of power losses. These models allow for a comprehensive analysis of how non‐ideal components in the converter affect the determination of the YSDC voltage gain and efficiency and allow one to identify the most interesting design alternatives to satisfy the current and voltage stress constraints placed on the converter power switches, thus excluding undesired converter design alternatives. Experimental results with a 280 W real converter, using coupled‐inductor with leakage inductances, present results similar to those of switched circuit simulations and the derived models, thus confirming that the simplified models present satisfactory adherence to the real converter performance over the majority extent of the maximum duty cycle.
Exploring the alignment between Australian university graduate attributes and emotional intelligence competencies
Authors: Turner Kristina , Gunasekara Asanka N. , Yuan Fung Chorng , Stough Con
Published: August 2024

Universities have an important role to play in developing 21st century competencies in graduates. Literature shows that Emotional Intelligence (EI) could be crucial in developing these graduate attributes. This study used an exploratory thematic analysis in which we integrate information from 40 Australian universities' websites that outline their respective vision for graduate attributes and discuss them in light of EI competencies. Our study revealed that Australian universities current graduate attributes align within eight themes: global citizenship and cultural competence, critical and creative thinking and problem‐solving, communication, ethical practice, collaboration, teamwork and leadership, lifelong learning, digital literacy and information literacy and self‐directed learning including self‐management and self‐awareness. A review of the published literature in each of these fields revealed that a well‐established alignment has been previously documented through research between each of the eight individual graduate attribute themes and EI. Therefore, we conclude that embedding discipline‐specific EI content and training in undergraduate and postgraduate courses may be an effective strategy to develop graduate attributes in students. This study was the first to examine whether developing higher education students' EI competencies would support their graduate attribute skill acquisition.
Oral Supplements and Dermatology: A Review
Authors: Reeves Rachel , Luks Emily Lebowitz
Published: August 2024

Introduction

There is growing interest in the utility of oral supplements for improving overall health and wellness. Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties have gained particular attention for their potential to optimize skin health. This review summarizes evidence for the following vitamins, minerals, and natural compounds in the realm of dermatology: niacinamide, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, omega‐3 fatty acids, probiotics, polyphenols, Polypodium leucotomos, coenzyme Q10, and astaxanthin.

Results

Niacinamide and vitamins C, D, and E may all protect against UV damage. Zinc and omega‐3 fatty acids may be useful for the treatment of acne and for minimizing side effects from isotretinoin. There is convincing evidence for the utility of probiotics in complementing standard treatments for acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Collagen supplements have demonstrated anti‐aging effects but should not be routinely recommended due to their unreliable quality. Antioxidants such as P. leucotomos, coenzyme Q10, astaxanthin, and polyphenols may play a role in anti‐aging and photoprotection.

Conclusion

Oral supplements may play a beneficial role in skin health, namely in terms of photoprotection, anti‐aging, and inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. However, further high‐quality studies are needed.
Superior lesion detection on 3D FSE T1WI with magnetization transfer and CHESS preparation pulses in children with focal epilepsy: Preliminary results
Authors: Wei Xing‐Chang , Assis Zarina , Sherriff Martin , Hader Walter J. , Appendino Juan Pablo
Published: August 2024

In childhood drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, the identification of a magnetic resonance imaging lesion significantly affects the management and prognosis, although it is often challenging. Herein we report the preliminary results of a modified MR sequence, in which both magnetization transfer and chemical shift selective preparation pulses are added to a 3D fast spin echo T1‐weighted sequence to recognize focal cortical dysplasia. The scan time is short, and the images have expected uniform suppression of the background normal gray and white matter. We report four children with focal epilepsy, in whom the focal cortical and subcortical lesions are superiorly conspicuous on the aforementioned MR sequence compared to the high‐resolution fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images obtained with typical epilepsy MR protocols.
Characterization of the volatile components in the processing of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum black tea based on HS‐SPME and GC/MS
Authors: Zhou Qiaoyi , Liang Dongxia , Ling Caijin , Gao Liyang , Ling Zhi
Published: August 2024

Citri Exocarpium Rubrum black tea (CER tea) is a novel blend tea infusion combining tea and CER. Due to its potential health benefits and unique flavor, it has gained popularity among consumers. Nevertheless, the aroma characteristics and key odorants of it remain to be distinguished and cognized. The HS‐SPME and GC/MS techniques were employed to analyze the alterations in volatile constituents throughout the critical stages of CER tea production. A total of 200 chemical compounds exhibited notable disparities during the processing procedures. Among them, terpenes and esters were the most abundant compounds in CER tea, which might be the key material basis for the aroma quality of CER tea. It is worth noting that 124 metabolites were significantly increased in the kneading stage and drying stage, including benzeneacet aldehyde, trans‐nerolidol, and D‐limonene, with contained floral and fruity odors, which might be closely related to the aroma of CER tea. Monoterpenes might be important contributors to the aroma of CER tea. This study provided a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of CER tea.
Effects of chemoradiation and tongue exercise on swallow biomechanics and bolus kinematics
Authors: Schaen‐Heacock Nicole E. , Rowe Linda M. , Ciucci Michelle R. , Russell John A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Common treatments for head and neck cancer (radiation and chemotherapy) can lead to dysphagia; tongue exercise is a common intervention. This study aimed to assess swallow biomechanics and bolus kinematics using a well‐established rat model of radiation or chemoradiation treatment to the tongue base, with or without tongue exercise intervention.

Methods

Pre‐ and post‐treatment videofluoroscopy was conducted on 32 male Sprague–Dawley rats treated with radiation/chemoradiation and exercise/no exercise. Rats in the exercise groups completed a progressive resistance tongue training paradigm. Swallow biomechanics, bolus kinematics, jaw opening, and post‐swallow respiration were assessed.

Results

Both treatments impacted outcome measures; the addition of exercise intervention showed benefit for some measures, particularly in rats treated with radiation, vs. chemoradiation.

Conclusions

Radiation and chemoradiation can significantly affect aspects of deglutition; combined treatment may result in worse outcomes. Tongue exercise intervention can mitigate deficits; more intensive intervention may be warranted in proportion to combined treatment.
Spatial memory encoding is associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampus: An fMRI activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Sullivan Madeline A. , Fritch Haley A. , Slotnick Scott D.
Published: August 2024

It has been hypothesized that differential processing occurs along the longitudinal (anterior–posterior) axis of the hippocampus. One hypothesis is that spatial memory (during both encoding and retrieval) is associated with the posterior hippocampus. An alternative hypothesis is that memory encoding (either spatial or nonspatial) is associated with the anterior hippocampus and memory retrieval is associated with the posterior hippocampus. Of importance, during spatial memory encoding, the spatial–posterior hypothesis predicts posterior hippocampal involvement, whereas the encoding–retrieval hypothesis predicts anterior hippocampal involvement. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we conducted a coordinate‐based fMRI activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analysis of 26 studies (with a total of 435 participants) that reported hippocampal activity during spatial memory encoding and/or spatial memory retrieval. Both spatial memory encoding and spatial memory retrieval produced extensive activity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal cortex, and the parahippocampal cortex. Critically, the contrast of spatial memory encoding and spatial memory retrieval produced activations in both the anterior hippocampus and the posterior hippocampus. That spatial memory encoding produced activity in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus can be taken to reject strict forms of the spatial–posterior hypothesis, which stipulates that all forms of spatial memory produce activity in the posterior hippocampus, and the encoding–retrieval hypothesis, which stipulates that all forms of encoding versus retrieval produce activity in only the anterior hippocampus. Our results indicate that spatial memory encoding can involve the anterior hippocampus and the posterior hippocampus.
Couette flow of viscoelastic dusty fluid through a porous oscillating plate in a rotating frame along with heat transfer
Authors: Ali Gohar , Ahmad Matin , Ali Farhad , Khan Arshad , Khan Ilyas
Published: August 2024

Usually, suction/blowing is used to control the channel's fluid flow, which is why this worth‐noting effect is considered. The fluid velocity is considered along the x‐axis due to the oscillations of the right plate. The thermal effect on the flow due to the heated right plate is also considered. The fluid and dust particles have complex velocities due to the rotation, which are the sum of primary and secondary velocities. To convert the aforementioned physical phenomenon into mathematical form, partial differential equations are used for modeling the subject flow regime. Appropriate nondimensional variables are employed to nondimensionalize the system of governing equations. With the assistance of assumed periodic solutions, the system of partial differential equations is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations which is then solved by the perturb solution utilizing Poincare–Lighthill perturbation techniques. The engineering interest quantities, the Nusselt number, and skin friction are also determined. The impact of various parameters on skin friction, viscoelastic fluid, and dust particle velocity profiles is also investigated. It is worth mentioning that suction controls the boundary layer to grow unexpectedly, even in the resonance case. The obtained solution is also valid in the case of injection. The radiation parameter, Grashof number, and second‐grade parameter cause a decrease in skin friction as their values increase. On the other hand, the suction, rotation, magnetic, dusty fluid, and Reynolds numbers cause a rise in skin friction.
The term structure of interest rates as predictor of stock market volatility
Authors: Megaritis Anastasios , Kontonikas Alexandros , Vlastakis Nikolaos , Triantafyllou Athanasios
Published: August 2024

We examine the forecasting power of the volatility of the slope of the US Treasury yield curve on US stock market volatility. Consistent with theoretical asset pricing models, we find that the volatility of the slope of the term structure of interest rates has significant forecasting power on stock market volatility for forecasting horizon ranging from 1 up to 12 months. Moreover, the term structure volatility has significant forecasting power when used for volatility predictions of the intra‐day returns of S&P500 constituents, with the predictive power being higher for stocks belonging to the telecommunications and financial sector. Our forecasting models show that the forecasting power of yield curve volatility is higher to and absorbs that of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Monetary Policy Uncertainty, showing that the main channel through which the yield curve volatility affects the stock market is not only related with uncertainty about monetary policy actions or policy rates, but also with uncertainty regarding the future cash flows and dividend payments of US equities. Lastly, we show that the forecasting power of term structure volatility significantly increases during the post‐2007 Great recession period which coincides with the Fed adopting unconventional monetary policies to stimulate the economy.
A qualitative and quantitative cross‐sectional study on the past, present, and future of vaginal delivery: Turkey
Authors: Keskin Fatma
Published: August 2024

Objective

The current study focused on predicting future trends in obstetrics by examining obstetricians' approaches to specific challenging vaginal delivery that require special experience, such as breech presentation, macrosomic fetus, twin pregnancy, and vacuum use, compared with their residency training experience.

Methods

The cross‐sectional study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was qualitative and the second phase was quantitative. The “interview” and “survey” techniques served as data collection tools. In total, 20 obstetricians participated in the interviews, and 400 obstetricians took part in the survey. Data from the interviews were analyzed using the Maxqda 2020 qualitative data analysis program, and survey data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results

Over the past 2 decades, there has been a gradual shift from vaginal deliveries to cesarean deliveries in cases involving breech presentation, macrosomic fetus, twin pregnancy, and vacuum use. While medicolegal concerns are undeniable, the prevalent belief among obstetricians that cesarean delivery is safer than vaginal delivery significantly influences this trend. Comparatively, young obstetricians often complete their residency training without acquiring sufficient knowledge and skills in vaginal delivery.

Conclusion

Young obstetricians currently lack adequate experience in managing vaginal deliveries for breech presentation, macrosomic fetus, twin pregnancy, and vacuum use. This experience is at risk of disappearing entirely within the next decade as senior obstetricians retire. Policymakers should take this into consideration when shaping future healthcare policies.
Stomatogenesis in the leaves and fruits of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) Lam. (Burseraceae)
Authors: Karatela V. V. , Gill L. S.
Published: August 2024

Epidermal structure and stomatal development in the leaves and fruits of Dacryodes edulis has been reported for the first time. The leaves are hypostomatic. The mature stomata are of anomocytic, cyclocytic and paracytic type. The ontogeny of stomata in fruits is agenous, and eumesogenous, hemiperigenous and eumesoperigenous in the leaves.
Die Familie Apocynaceae Juss. in Vietnam Teil 3: Spezieller Teil (2)
Authors: Lý Tkån Đính
Published: August 2024

siche Teil 1, Feddes Repertorium, Bd. 97, Heft 5 bis 6, S. 235–273
A taxonomic survey of the genus Sinodielsia Wolff including a description of two new species
Authors: Kljuykov E. V.
Published: August 2024

The taxonomic survey of the genus Sinodielsia Wolff covers three species, including two new ones. Sinodielsia microloba Kljuykov is described from Tibet and S. digitata Kljuykov from Bhutan. Two names, Physospermopsis cruciata Wolff and Ph. forrestii Wolff have been reduced to synonyms of the species Sinodielsia yunnanensis. Syunnanensis has now been established in three locations (all in Yunnan). Genus Sinodielsia is distributed in Bhutan, Tibet and Yunnan.
An undescribed species of Calliandra Benth. from Burma
Authors: Paul S. R. , Husain Tariq
Published: August 2024

An undescribed species of the genus Calliandra Benth. from Burma is described and illustrated by the authors: C. kingii Prain ex Paul & Husain sp. nov.
The systematic position of the genusCalyptrothecaGilg(Portulacaceae)
Authors: Nyananyo Bio Louis
Published: August 2024

Calyptrotheca somalensisGilg. andC. taitense(Pax&: Vatke) Brenanwere described in 1897 and 1893 respectively, both from tropical East Africa. The two species have been placed into either the Capparaceae or the Portulacaceae by different authors. Evidence from gross morphology, leaf flavonoids, palynology and seed morphology and anatomy demonstrates that these two taxa belong to the Portulacaceae.
A note on stomatal ontogeny of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. (Pontederiaceae)
Authors: Nyawuame H. G. K. , Gill L. S.
Published: August 2024

Occurrence of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. in Nigerian water ways is reported here for the first time. Epidermal morphology and stomatal ontogeny of E. crassipes has been found to be hexacytic with hemi‐mesoperigenous ontogeny.
Die Gattung Tayloria Hooker in der Moosfiora Rumäniens
Authors: Mohan Gh.
Published: August 2024

In the paper a monographic study is offered on the genus Tayloria Hooker, represented in the Romanian bryoflora. Based on original morphological, anatomical, ecological and arealographical investigations, the data confirm or complete the diagnoses of different Romanian and foreign authors.
Chemical polymorphism of essential oil of Piper betle L. grown in India
Authors: Rawat A. K. S. , Banerjee R. , Balasubrahmanyam V. R.
Published: August 2024

Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is an important cash crop of India. The leaves have been traditionally used for chewing purpose along with other condiments. Several medicinal properties like digestive, carminative, stimulent, antiseptic, antifungal activities have been attributed to betel leaf. The essential oil from leaves of two important cultivars of Piper betle L. viz. ‘Bangla’ and ‘Meetha’ were analysed by Gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The results showed that these cultivars could be identified on the basis of chemical composition of essential oil. Anethole (32.2%) is present in cv. ‘Meetha’ as a major constituent while it is absent in ‘Bangla’ cultivar. In ‘Bangla’ eugenol is major constituent (82%) in the essential oil.

The leaves of these cultivars could also be identified on the basis of leaf morphological characters. ‘Bangla’ leaves are cordate to roundish with prominent basal lobe while those of ‘Meetha’ are roundish and have acute leaf tip with characteristic yellow spots on leaf lamina.
Distribution Pattern of Phytochemical Constituents in some Species of Crotalaria and its Taxonomic Significance
Authors: Anuradha S. M.J. , Reddy M. Satyanarayana , Radhakrishnaiah M.
Published: August 2024

The chemotaxonomy of seven species of Crotaloria spread over five sections is studied with reference to the distribution pattern of secondary metabolites, phenolic constituents and amino acid. The chemical data arc suggestive of amalgamation of the sections Ditfusae, Eriocarpae and Trifoliatae Polyspermae, retention of Trifoliatae Despermae and Calycinae. The quantified chemotaxonomical data of seven species of Crotalaria indicate close relationship among them. The cluster analysis indicates the segregation of the species into four groups.
Protective effects of syringic acid in nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats through regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Simiao , Zheng Sheng , Li Ya , Yang Juan , Mao Xiaozhou , Liu Tao , Zhang Qiuxin , Fu ZhiPeng , Zhu Xing , Xu Long
Published: August 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an alarming ailment that leads to severe liver damage and increases the risk of serious health conditions. The prevalence of NAFLD due to oxidative stress could be mitigated by plant‐derived antioxidants. This study aims to investigate the effects of syringic acid (SA) on NAFLD in a high‐fat diet (HFD) rat model. Twenty‐four rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): normal control, HFD, SA‐administered HFD, and positive control SA on a normal diet. Rats in the normal control and positive control groups received a normal diet, and the remaining groups received an HFD for 8 weeks. SA (20 mg/kg b.w.) was orally (gavage) administered for 8 weeks. Lipid profiles were controlled by SA against HFD‐fed rats (p < 0.05). SA reduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels by 70%–190%. SA also suppressed pro‐inflammatory cytokines and attenuated histopathological and immunohistochemical changes against HFD‐fed rats. SA reversed oxidative stress by suppressing the malondialdehyde formation by 82% and replenished the nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities (p < 0.05). Gene expressions of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO‐1) were elevated in SA‐treated rats. Ameliorative effects of SA on NAFLD induced by an HFD in rats were prominent through the reversal of oxidative stress and inflammation, regulated by an intrinsic mechanism of defense against oxidative stress, the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
Energetics and spectroscopic studies of CNO(‐)(H2O)n clusters and the temperature dependencies of the isomers: An approach based on a combined recipe of parallel tempering and quantum chemical methods
Authors: Naskar Pulak , Talukder Srijeeta
Published: August 2024

A system associated with several number of weak interactions supports numerous number of stable structures within a narrow range of energy. Often, a deterministic search method fails to locate the global minimum geometry as well as important local minimum isomers for such systems. Therefore, in this work, the stochastic search technique, namely parallel tempering, has been executed on the quantum chemical surface of the system for –8 to generate global minimum as well as several number of local minimum isomers. IR spectrum can act as the fingerprint property for such system to be identified. Thus, IR spectroscopic features have also been included in this work. Vertical detachment energy has also been calculated to obtain clear information about number of water molecules in several spheres around the central anion. In addition, in a real experimental scenario, not only the global but also the local minimum isomers play an important role in determining the average value of a particular physically observable property. Therefore, the relative conformational populations have been determined for all the evaluated structures for the temperature range between 20K and 400K. Further to understand the phase change behavior, the configurational heat capacities have also been calculated for different sizes.
Politics or need? Explaining state climate change policy adoption, 2007–2016
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Morris John C. , Fisk Jonathan M. , Mayer Martin K.
Published: August 2024

As climate change grows in importance on state policy agendas around the country, state responses are brought into focus. States may choose to address climate change through legislative action, executive order, administrative action, or not at all. Our research seeks to determine the state factors that lead states to favor one path to action over another. To this end, we test three explanations: a political explanation that focuses on political factors present within a state; a contextual model, and a policy need explanation that focuses on a state's vulnerability to the deleterious effects of climate change. We control for a variety of economic, social, geographic, and demographic variables in all models. We find that legislative and executive decisions tend to be driven by political considerations, although modified by extreme need.
Mixed methods on adverse childhood experiences predicting transitional and recurrent homelessness
Authors: Boesveldt Nienke F. , van Dungen Willemijn , de Castro Bram O.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Research has associated lack of parental care, physical abuse, and parental substance abuse to homelessness, with the presence of two or more such factors dramatically increasing one's chances of becoming homeless as an adult. Less clear is which (cumulation of) factors may mediate the difference between transitional and recurrent homelessness.

Methods

Quantitative analysis of four risk factors—addiction, weak social network, criminal activity, psychopathology—among 69 transitionally and recurrently homeless (RH) adults, followed by in‐depth qualitative analysis of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among 30 selected participants.

Results

RH participants had higher cumulative risk and a higher prevalence and broader range of ACEs than transitionally homeless participants, with the prevalence of childhood physical abuse marking the greatest difference between the two groups. Recurrent homelessness was also correlated with addiction to hard drugs, criminal activity, and weak social networks.

Conclusion

Longitudinal and intervention studies in larger groups are needed to assess causality.
Elastographic and vascular findings of uterine myomas assessed by ultrasound
Authors: do Amaral Coutinho Cristiana , Castro Pedro Teixeira , Lopes Flávia Paiva , de Freitas Lima Luiz Alberto Coutinho , Araujo Júnior Edward , Aranda Osvaldo Luis , de Araújo Luiz Felipe Bittencout , Marchiori Edson , Werner Heron
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the vascularization pattern of uterine myoma (UM) by ultrasonography using Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) and tissue stiffness elastography.

Method

A prospective and cross‐sectional study was carried out between March 2020 and December 2022 among women with clinical and ultrasound diagnosis of UM who would subsequently undergo radiofrequency ablation. Ultrasound examination was performed using both transvaginal and transabdominal routes. UM vascularization pattern was assessed by power Doppler (PD) and SMI, while elastographic pattern was assessed by shear wave (SWE) and strain (STE). FIGO classification, location, and measurement of the largest UM were also described.

Results

A total of 21 women diagnosed with UM were evaluated. There was a predominance of nulliparous women and 20 women (95.2%) reported desire for pregnancy. Of the 18 women with abnormal uterine bleeding, 15 (83.3%) had abdominal cramping. As far as previous treatment, 7 (33.3%) had undergone myomectomy for other UM. The mean uterine and UM volumes were 341.9 cm3 (90–730) and 126.52 cm3 (6.0–430), respectively. There was a predominance of hypoechogenic lesions (90.5%). There was also preponderance of UM in the FIGO 2–5 classification (n = 9; 42.9%). Vascularization patter was mostly moderate (score 2) in 9 cases (42.9%). The majority of UM were considered to have intermediate stiffness (n = 10; 47.6%).

Conclusion

The majority of UM showed vascularization and moderate stiffness. A relationship was observed between the stiffness of the UM assessed by elastography and its FIGO classification.
Palynological investigation of some genera of Cichorieae (Asteraceae) in Iran
Authors: Pakravan Maneezheh , Safavi Seyed Reza , Zarei Roghaieh , Tavakoli Zahra , Ghahremaninejad Farrokh , Noroozi Maryam , Bokaee Zahra Nazem , Alimadadi Mina , Ghodusian Najmeh , Hosseini Fatemeh , Moradi Fereshteh
Published: August 2024

The pollen morphology of 33 species belonging to the genera Lactuca, Launaea, Cicerbita, Sonchus, Condrilla (tribe Cichorieae: Asteraceae) from Iran were studied with light and electron microscopies. The pollen grains of the investigated taxa are almost oblate‐spherical to prolate‐spherical, the shapes are circular in equatorial view, hexagonal in polar view, only Sonchus species are triangular or quadrangular in polar view, isopolar, symmetrical and trizonocolporate, except Sonchus and Chondrilla species, which have tri‐ to tetrazonocolporate pollen grains, and echinolophate.

The size and number of spines in the polar area and the number of spines in the paraporal ridges and equatorial ridges proved to be the most taxonomically authentic characteristics in this study. Three pollen types were distinguished, as in alignment with previous studies. Cluster analysis by Ward method based on 10 quantitative morphological characteristics of pollen grains revealed that the species could be grouped based on the pollen characteristics. Moreover, three species of Cicerbita including Cicerbita scoparia (Rech. f. & Köie) Kitam, C. rechingeriana (Tuisl) Coșkunç., M. Güzel & N. Kilian and C. microcephala (DC.) M. Güzel, Coșkunç. & N. Kilian were recorded for the first time in Iran. Although the characteristics of the pollen grains were useful for distinguishing the species in sub‐tribes, in some cases, this did not confirm recent phylogenetic results. The pollen characteristics described in this study provide data that may be useful for future systematic studies aiming to complete the knowledge on Cichorieae species.

Research Highlights

In the present study, the pollen morphology of 33 species belonging to five genera of the Cichorieae are investigated with scanning electron microscopy and 12 species are analyzed for the first time.

The cluster analysis based on the quantitative morphological characteristics of pollen grains revealed that the species could be grouped based on the pollen characteristics.

In addition, three species of Cicerbita are reported for the first time in Iran.
Public utility obstacles and labor productivity growth: The moderating effect of national culture
Authors: Jiang Shenyang , He Huan , Liu Xiaowei , Huo Baofeng
Published: August 2024

Operational challenges arising from public utility obstacles are widespread globally, leading to production disruptions, decreased sales, and escalated logistics costs, ultimately contributing to a decline in firm labor productivity growth. Despite the criticality of this issue, there is a scarcity of studies in the field of operations management that investigate factors capable of mitigating these adverse impacts. Taking power outages and transportation obstacles as pivotal examples, our study aims to examine whether national culture can moderate the impact of public utility obstacles on firm labor productivity growth. To achieve this objective, we conduct an empirical analysis using a multi‐country dataset from the World Bank Enterprises Survey, which covers detailed firm‐level information across 28 industries in 41 countries, with a total of 17,227 firm‐year observations. Our findings indicate that the detrimental effects of power outages and transportation obstacles on firm labor productivity growth are contingent on various dimensions of national culture. Specifically, cultural power distance and uncertainty avoidance would amplify the negative impact of power outages, whereas long‐term orientation would alleviate this impact. Meanwhile, individualism and masculinity can help mitigate the adverse effects of transportation obstacles. Our results provide valuable insights for managers.
Stress corrosion behavior and mechanism of Ti6321 alloy in seawater with different dissolved oxygen concentrations
Authors: Hao Fuyao , Zhang Huixia , Li Xiangbo , Hou Jian , Li Wenju , Xu Yali , Guo Weimin
Published: August 2024

The stress corrosion behavior of Ti‐6Al‐3Nb‐2Zr‐1Mo (Ti6321, in wt%) alloy in seawater with different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations was investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, electrochemical measurements, and other advanced methodologies. The results indicate that when the DO concentration in seawater is insufficient, the passivation film will preferentially form on the α‐phase surface. Meanwhile, insufficient DO concentration leads to incomplete oxidation of the surface passivation film, resulting in an increase in surface defects. Hydrogen produced by reactions at crack tips is more likely to enter the surface of the titanium alloy through these defects, and under the influence of HEDE and HELP mechanisms, promote crack propagation.
Adhesion and Cohesion Performance of Polyurethane Made of Bio‐Polyol Derived from Modified Waste Cooking Oil for Exterior Grade Plywood
Authors: Maulana Sena , Setiawan Ika Putri , Pusbanarum Dyah , Antov Petar , Iswanto Apri Heri , Kristak Lubos , Lee Seng Hua , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi
Published: August 2024

This study explored the feasibility of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)‐based Bio‐Polyurethane (Bio‐PU) as an eco‐friendly alternative to petroleum‐derived polyols in plywood adhesives. The objective is to evaluate the impact of varied WCO concentrations and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) levels on Bio‐PU and plywood performance. The Bio‐PU's characteristics, rheology, and functional groups are studied. Plywood made from three layers of 100 mm x 100 mm × 2 mm rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneer is bonded with Bio‐PU using a dual spread approach at 180 g.m−2, hot pressed at 120 °C and 1 MPa for 4 min. The laboratory‐fabricated plywood is tested for physical, mechanical, and adhesive properties. Results showed that Bio‐PU exhibited unique adhesive characteristics, with excellent adhesive strength, despite a slight decrease with higher WCO concentrations. WCO insertion do not compromise delamination resistance. FTIR analysis confirmed successful polyurethane chain synthesis. This research highlighted the potential of WCO‐based Bio‐PU's as a sustainable, high‐performance plywood adhesive.