bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does World City Network Research Need Eigenvectors?
Authors: Neal Zachary
Published: March 2013

In a 2011 paper, I introduced the conceptual distinction between positions of centrality and power in world city networks and offered a new measure—now called alter-based centrality—designed to quantify the network positions of cities. Here, I respond to some conceptual and mathematical critiques of those ideas raised by Boyd et al. (2013) in their Comment on Neal (2011). On the conceptual side, I clarify the definitions of centrality and power, the relevance of exchange power in world city networks and the appropriate depth of network measures in this context. On the mathematical side, I clarify the relationship between alter-based centrality and other measures, and explore the limitations of two alternatives: eigenvector and beta centrality. This Reply concludes by noting that each measure has its own strengths and weaknesses, but that researchers should aim to use measures that are no more complex than necessary.
A United States-China Comparison of Risk Information–Seeking Intentions
Authors: Yang Z. Janet , Kahlor LeeAnn , Li Haichun
Published: March 2013

We applied structural equation modeling to examine how the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model predicts information-seeking intentions in the United States and China. The context for this comparison was climate change. Results indicate that in the Chinese sample, seeking intentions were less influenced by environmental attitudes, risk perceptions, negative affect, information insufficiency, and behavioral beliefs. Across the two samples, subjective norms had similar impacts on seeking intentions. Overall, the model has cross-cultural validity and applicability in accounting for risk communication behaviors in these two nations. Based on prior support for this model outside of the context of climate change, the model is well poised to serve as a framework for a variety of cross-cultural risk information–seeking contexts.
State Budgets, Governors, and Their Influence on “Big-Picture Issues”
Authors: Hale George E.
Published: March 2013

Studies of state budgeting focus on gubernatorial power primarily by examining executive influence over appropriations to individual agencies or programs. They also view executive versus legislative budgeting as a short-term zero-sum game. An alternative approach is to look at budgeting from a long-term perspective centered on “big-picture” elements of a state’s financial position. This case study takes this perspective by looking at Delaware Governor Pete du Pont’s tenure (1977-1985) when he engineered a remarkable, long-term financial turnaround in the face of economic stagnation, undisciplined spending, historically weak financial management, and divided government. His leadership resulted in balanced budgets, repeated tax cuts, upgraded bond ratings, and reduced unemployment. The case illustrates how governors can impact “big-picture” issues with influence extending well beyond their tenure in office. An examination of du Pont’s leadership style suggests strong similarities to leaders studied by Jim Collins who have transformed other organizations. Looking at the effectiveness of du Pont’s leadership style suggests that clear priorities, bipartisan solutions, and altering the institutional framework for tax and spending decisions can contribute positively to influence over “big-picture” issues of state finance.
The utility and prognostic value of dipyridamole technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging SPECT in predicting perioperative cardiac events following non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Asli IN , Shahoseini R , Azizmohammadi Z , Javadi H , Assadi M
Published: March 2013

Objective:

A perioperative cardiac events is one of the most important medical concerns for both surgeons and patients. The purpose of the current study was to determine the prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), using dipyridamole 99m Tc-MIBI, for the prediction of perioperative cardiac events.

Materials and methods:

This study included 253 patients who were candidates for non-cardiac elective surgery and underwent scanning with dipyridamole 99m Tc-MIBI. Based on normal or abnormal MPI, patients were divided into two groups and all preoperative cardiac events were recorded. Risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and age ≥70 years, were compared between patients with normal and abnormal MPI and, also, in patients with or without cardiac events.

Results:

There were 197 patients with normal and 56 patients with abnormal MPI. In total, 14 patients had perioperative cardiac events, which included myocardial infarction (MI), hypotension, arrhythmia and death; of the 14 patients with perioperative cardiac events, 12 had abnormal and two had normal MPI. There were statistically meaningful differences between the two groups (p<0.001). Based on these findings, we determined that MPI had a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 81.6%, an accuracy of 81.8%, a positive predictive value of 21.4 % and a negative predictive value of 98.9%.

Conclusion:

The incidence of perioperative cardiac events is higher in patients with abnormal MPI. Dipyridamole 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging can accurately detect the preoperative cardiac risk of patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. Based on these findings, the occurrence of perioperative cardiac events in patients with abnormal MPI should be considered, especially in the older age population (age ≥70).
Autosomal-dominant Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy without an exon mutation in the keratin-3 or keratin-12 gene in a Chinese family
Authors: Cao Wei , Yan Ming , Hao QianYun , Wang ShuLin , Wu LiHua , Liu Qing , Li MingYan , Biddle Fred G , Wu Wei
Published: March 2013

Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy (MECD) is a dominantly inherited disorder, characterized by fragility of the anterior corneal epithelium and formation of intraepithelial microcysts. It has been described in a number of different ancestral groups. To date, all reported cases of MECD have been associated with either a single mutation in one exon of the keratin-3 gene ( KRT3) or a single mutation in one of two exons of the keratin-12 gene ( KRT12). Each mutation leads to a predicted amino acid change in the respective keratin-3 or keratin-12 proteins that combine to form the corneal-specific heterodimeric intermediate filament protein. This case report describes a four-generation Chinese kindred with typical autosomal-dominant MECD. Exon sequencing of KRT3 and KRT12 in six affected and eight unaffected individuals (including two spouses) did not detect any mutations or nucleotide sequence variants. This kindred demonstrates that single mis-sense mutations may be sufficient but are not required in all individuals with the MECD phenotype. It provides a unique opportunity to investigate further genomic and functional heterogeneity in MECD.
Leishmania Amastigotes in Neoplastic Cells of 3 Nonhistiocytic Canine Tumors
Authors: Ferro S. , Palmieri C. , Cavicchioli L. , Zan G. De , Aresu L. , Benali S. L.
Published: March 2013

Concurrent leishmaniasis and neoplasia has been reported in dogs. This study describes the presence of the protozoa within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells in 3 different types of tumors. Leishmania amastigotes were detected by light and transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in a fibrosarcoma, a T-cell lymphoma, and an adrenocortical adenoma.
Sunni-Muslim American Religious Development During Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Etengoff Chana , Daiute Colette
Published: March 2013

Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in America, with approximately 6 to 7 million Muslims living in America within the past decade. However, there has been little psychological research conducted focusing on the development of the Muslim American self. This inquiry addresses that gap by focusing on how familial religious affiliation during childhood and the everyday environmental activity systems of emerging adulthood impact religious practice and the construction of the religious self among Sunni-Muslim American emerging adults ( N = 63, 18-29 years) via the development of diverse mediational strategies. Utilizing an applied cultural historical activity theory–based analysis, the authors found that participants’ religious development emerged as a diverse and dynamic process developing in relation to the interacting activity systems and sociorelational contexts of emerging adulthood.
Latina Mothers’ and Daughters’ Expectations for Autonomy at Age 15 (La Quinceañera)
Authors: Romo Laura F. , Mireles-Rios Rebeca , Lopez-Tello Gisselle
Published: March 2013

American children gain more autonomy as they progress through adolescence, however, autonomy-granting for Latina adolescent girls from immigrant families is a relatively unexplored question. In this study, we identified behaviors that Mexican mothers and their daughters deemed to be appropriate when they reach the age of La Quinceañera, a cultural rite of passage at age 15. Daughters hoped for rules regarding social activities to become less strict whereas mothers intended to continue to exert control, especially in the areas of peer and social activities, household duties, and homework responsibilities. The mothers were open to granting more independence in personal areas such as physical appearance and they were also willing to allow their daughters to group date. Although the mothers and daughters expected the mothers to continue to engage in a controlling and protective parenting style, both mothers and daughters anticipated more mutual decision-making and open communication when daughters turned 15 years of age.
Rigid Spinal Muscular Dystrophy and Rigid Spine Syndrome
Authors: Koul Roshan , Al-Yarubi Saif , Al-Kindy Hussein , Al-Futaisi Amna , Al-Thihli Khalid , Chacko Poovathoor Alexander , Sankhla Dilip
Published: March 2013

Seven children (5 male, 2 female) were seen over the last 16 years with rigid spine syndrome. Six children had rigid spinal muscular dystrophy (selenoprotein N1–related myopathy [SEPN1RM]) and 1 had myopathy associated with rigid spine. The main presenting complaint in all was difficulty in bending the spine. The diagnosis was made on clinical features and imaging of the paraspinal muscles. Muscle histopathology revealed minimal myopathic changes to severe muscle degeneration. Genetic testing, which was only available for the last case, for selenoprotein was negative.
The Application and Efficacy of Combined Neurofeedback Therapy and Imagery Training in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Li Li
Published: March 2013

We aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined neurofeedback therapy and imagery training in adolescent patients with refractory Tourette syndrome. Two patients, aged respectively 14 and 16 years, had been treated with haloperidol and tiapride; however, this medication was ineffective and accompanied by intolerable side effects. In this study, the patients completed 80 sessions of neurofeedback treatment followed by imagery training. The patients were assessed with behavior rating scales both before and after the treatment as well as during follow-up examinations to evaluate the effect of the combined therapy. Patients showed significant improvement in motor tic and vocal tic symptoms, exemplified by a reduction in the frequency and intensity of tics, indicating that neurofeedback, together with imagery training, has a positive therapeutic effect on adolescent patients with medication-refractory Tourette syndrome.
Comparison of the Immunogenicity of Intramuscular Versus Subcutaneous Administration of Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Individuals With Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Golekoh Marjorie C. , Hu Shengyong , Norman Andrea M. , Horn Paul S. , Brady Rebecca C. , Wong Brenda L.
Published: March 2013

Individuals with neuromuscular disease show a wide spectrum of muscle pathology. To test the hypothesis that the immune response to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is potentially inadequate when given intramuscularly into a fibrosed muscle, this prospective randomized study compared the immunogenicity and safety of the standard intramuscular versus subcutaneous administration of the influenza vaccine in 22 nonambulatory subjects, of whom 10 have been on glucocorticoid therapy. Analysis of hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers showed high prevalence of seroprotection (prevaccination of 82% H1N1, 72% H3N2, 31% B; postvaccination of 100% H1N1, 77% H3N2, 59% B). Geometric mean titer ratios for each antigen showed no significant difference ( P > .5) between intramuscular and subcutaneous routes. Seroprotection was not adversely affected by glucocorticoid therapy. Local tolerance was better with subcutaneous route. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
Understanding the Gender Gap in Domestic Terrorism Through Criminal Participation
Authors: Makin David A. , Hoard Season
Published: March 2013

This research examines criminal participation of women within domestic terrorism while testing two beliefs. Those beliefs focus on the ruthlessness and lethality of female terrorists as described by Laqueur and the belief that women are more likely to be found within a particular group type (left wing). These two beliefs form the basis of U.S. domestic terrorism policy and need to be evaluated empirically to understand whether and how current terrorism policy needs to be reconsidered in order to address the realities of women’s involvement in domestic terrorism. To describe female criminal participation and to test these beliefs, this research uses the American Terrorism Study (ATS), which aggregates all terrorism investigations conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) between 1980 and 2002.
The Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Minnesota Screening Tool Assessing Recidivism Risk (MnSTARR)
Authors: Duwe Grant
Published: March 2013

This study presents findings on the development, validity, and reliability of the Minnesota Screening Tool Assessing Recidivism Risk (MnSTARR), a prediction instrument that assesses risk for four types of recidivism for male prisoners (sexual, nonsexual violent, nonviolent, and felony) and three types for females prisoners (nonsexual violent, nonviolent, and felony). Logistic regression modeling was used to develop the MnSTARR on 11,375 male offenders and 1,100 females offenders released from Minnesota prisons between 2003 and 2006. Bootstrap resampling was used to not only refine the selection of predictors, but also to internally validate the model. The optimism-corrected area under the curve (AUC) values ranged from .73 to .80 for male offenders and .73 to .81 for female offenders. In addition to showing a relatively high degree of calibration between MnSTARR values and observed recidivism, the results showed the instrument can, for the most part, be scored consistently across raters. Intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from .79 to .86 for male offenders and .81 to .96 for female offenders.
A digital signal processing-based control system for a micro-electromechanical systems vibrating gyroscope with parametric amplification and force rebalance control
Authors: Hu Zhongxu , Gallacher Barry J , Burdess JS , Fell CP , Townsend K
Published: March 2013

This article reports a digital signal processing-based digital implementation of a micro-ring gyroscope control system that can be programmed to operate in open loop with parametric amplification or closed loop with force rebalance control according to bandwidth and dynamic range requirements. Parametric amplification is directly applied to the secondary mode and amplifies the Coriolis response by an order of magnitude. In order to improve the dynamic range and bandwidth performance of the gyroscope, force rebalance control loops are designed for the vibrations both in-phase and in quadrature with the Coriolis response. Experimental results show parametric amplification of the Coriolis response by a factor of 11 and correspond to an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 9.5. The effectiveness of the force rebalance control is shown experimentally, and both the measurement bandwidth and the dynamic range have increased beyond the test capability of the rate table.
The charcoal record in peat and mineral soil across a boreal landscape and possible linkages to climate change and recent fire history
Authors: Kasin Isabella , Blanck Ylva-li , Storaunet Ken Olaf , Rolstad Jørund , Ohlson Mikael
Published: March 2013

This study combines tree-ring and charcoal data to explore possible drivers of the charcoal record and its spatial variation in a boreal Norwegian forest landscape. Peat and mineral soil samples were collected in a multiple site sampling approach and the amount of charcoal in the peat is related to fire history, Holocene climate variation, major shifts in the vegetation composition, and fuel availability. Dendrochronologic dating was used to reveal the fire history over the last 600 years with spatial and temporal accuracy, and AMS radiocarbon dating of 20 peat columns and their charcoal records from four peatlands was used to elucidate the fire history over the Holocene. The average amount of charcoal was about 2.5 times higher in the mineral soil than in the peat (270 versus 100 g/m2, respectively), and there were considerable between- and within-site variations. There was no relationship between the age of a given peatland and its content of charcoal, nor between the amount of charcoal in a given peatland and in the neighboring mineral soil. Although most of the charcoal mass in the peatlands was found in parts of the peat columns originating from relatively warm climatic periods and from the period before the local establishment of Norway spruce ( Picea abies), charcoal accumulation rates (per 1000 yr) were higher during cold climatic periods and similar before and after spruce establishment. Recent fires showed up to a low degree in the peat columns. On fine spatial scales (1–10 m), fuel quality and distribution together with fire behaviour throughout millennia are likely to be responsible for variations in the charcoal record. On the landscape scale (100–1000 m), the charcoal records were site-specifically idiosyncratic, presumably due to topography, distribution of fire breaks and fuel types, and human land use, coupled with long-term variations inherent in these factors.
A multiproxy record of postglacial climate variability from a shallowing, 12-m deep sub-alpine bog in the southeastern San Juan Mountains of Colorado, USA
Authors: Johnson Bradley G , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Eppes Martha Cary , Diemer John A , Stone Jeffery R
Published: March 2013

Pollen assemblages, diatom assemblages, and sedimentology, from Cumbres Bog in the southeastern San Juan Mountains of Colorado, provide a record of climate and environmental change since the end of the last glacial maximum (LGM). Cumbres Bog is unusually deep (basal sediments extend 12 m below the surface) for its altitude (~3050 m a.s.l.) and we extracted 7 m core of continuous sediment below ~5 m of water and peat. The resulting record provides strong evidence of: a period of warming immediately after the LGM (~18–13 cal. kyr BP), a cool interval coinciding with the Younger Dryas (~12.8–11.5 cal. kyr BP), a warm stable period from 10 to 6 cal. kyr BP, and a cooler and highly variable climate interval after 6 cal. kyr BP. More specifically, pollen ratios and fossil diatoms indicate that cold periods generally match with previously identified periods of rapid climate change that occurred at 10.6, 8.7–7.9, 7.0–6.9, 5.4–5.2, 3.3–3.0, 2.3, 2.0 and 1.5 cal. kyr BP. This record also adds resolution to previous regional records and indicates that the periodicity of climate variability changed from 2000–3000 years to 700–1100 years around 6 cal. kyr BP and to <500 years after 3.5 cal. kyr BP. Overall, our record provides important, relatively high-resolution paleoclimatic information for this remote region of the southern Rockies.
A late-Holocene bird community from Hispaniola: Refining the chronology of vertebrate extinction in the West Indies
Authors: Steadman David W , Takano Oona M
Published: March 2013

We report 4800+ late-Holocene, non-passerine avian fossils from Trouing Jean Paul, a high-elevation limestone sinkhole in the Morne La Visite region, Massif de la Selle, Haiti. The fossils represent prey remains of two extant owls, the widespread Tyto alba and the Hispaniolan endemic T. glaucops. Among 23 species of birds, only one is extinct (an undescribed woodcock, Scolopax new sp.). Two other species (the petrel Pterodroma hasitata, and the Hispaniolan endemic pauraque Siphonorhis brewsteri) are rare today, the latter now found mainly in dry forest at lower elevations. Two other species (the doves Zenaida aurita and Columbina passerina) are widespread and common today on Hispaniola (and elsewhere) but no longer occur at high elevations. The age of the bone deposit at Trouing Jean Paul (c. 1600–600 cal. BP) is based on six radiocarbon dates from individual bones of the extinct woodcock. The only other extinct Hispaniolan vertebrate with multiple direct radiocarbon dates is the sloth Neocnus comes, with the youngest of seven dates (from five sites) being c. 5000 cal. BP. The fossil assemblage at Trouing Jean Paul does not include the extinct species found in older Holocene sites, such as Neocnus comes and associated species (three other sloths, two monkeys, four rodents, a caracara, flightless rail, and giant barn-owl). Rather, the Trouing Jean Paul fossils portray a late-Holocene bird community that already had experienced four or more millennia of Amerindian presence, but had not yet been influenced by the activities of European or African peoples over the past 500 years. Although only c. 1000 years old, the Trouing Jean Paul bird community has species associations without a modern analog, even if the extinct woodcock is excluded.
Risk factors for hypertension in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Authors: Ganguli Debdutta , Das Nilanjan , Saha Indranil , Chaudhuri Debnath , Ghosh Saurabh , Dey Sanjit
Published: March 2013

Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide. However, limited information is available regarding the risk factors for hypertension in postmenopausal women, particularly in urban populations in developing countries such as India. To investigate whether adiposity measures, serum lipids and lipoproteins as well as fasting plasma glucose can predict the risk of hypertension in a population based sample of postmenopausal women in Kolkata, India, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 415 postmenopausal women (aged 40 to 85), selected by cluster sampling from 12 wards of Kolkata. After multivariate adjustment, apolipoprotein B (apo B) and waist circumference (WC) showed the strongest association with hypertension. The risk of hypertension in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was 2.57 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-6.61) for apo B and 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.07-6.06) for WC. Apo B and WC were the strongest risk factors for predicting hypertension among postmenopausal women in Kolkata.
Surgical Tip
Authors: Kane Justin M. , Raikin Steven M.
Published: March 2013

Level of Evidence:

Level V, expert opinion.
Tribological behaviour of polymeric materials in water-lubricated contacts
Authors: Golchin A , Simmons GF , Glavatskih S , Prakash B
Published: March 2013

This study aims at investigating the tribological behaviour of several unfilled polymer materials sliding against 316L stainless steel in distilled water. The tests were carried out in a unidirectional pin-on-disc configuration with an initial apparent contact pressure of 5 MPa at room temperature. The worn surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques and the wear mechanisms were discussed. These studies indicate the occurrence of tribocorrosion of stainless steel during sliding against polypropylene. It is inferred that the frictional behaviour of the polymers is determined by both their wettability and solubility in water, where generally an increased hydrophobicity and relative energy difference with regard to water results in lower friction. The results from friction and wear tests show overall superior tribological performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene compared with the other polymeric materials in water.
The rolling contact fatigue of WC/C-coated spur gears
Authors: Michalczewski Remigiusz , Kalbarczyk Marek , Piekoszewski Witold , Szczerek Marian , Tuszyński Waldemar
Published: March 2013

The aim of the study was to investigate the resistance to rolling contact fatigue of WC/C-coated gears. The WC/C low-friction coating was deposited using the physical vapour deposition process by reactive sputtering. The investigation of rolling contact fatigue was realised by means of a back-to-back gear test rig using FZG PT C/10/90 method. Four material combinations of gears were tested: uncoated wheel and pinion, coated wheel and pinion, coated wheel and uncoated pinion, as well as uncoated wheel and coated pinion. The tests were performed for mineral gear oil of API GL-5 performance level and 80 W/90 viscosity grade. The test results indicate that the resistance to the pitting wear of coated gears depends not only on coating material but also on which gear is coated. To increase the fatigue life of gears, the coating should be deposited on the gear with the higher number of teeth. The mechanisms by which the fatigue life is extended are discussed.
Inclusion and its moderating effects on ideas, interests and institutions
Authors: Wuhs Steven T.
Published: March 2013

This article examines the moderation of the Mexico's National Action Party in the context of democratization. Founded in 1939 as a confessional party, by the 1990s the PAN had moved toward the political center – retaining its Christian-Democratic identity and ideals but also making institutional appeals to the broader voting public in Mexico. This article explains the segmented process through which the PAN moderated in response to inclusionary reforms promulgated by Mexico's authoritarian regime. In some cases, those reforms merely aggravated internal tensions in the party. But other reforms repositioned the PAN vis-à-vis its competitors, Mexican civil society, and the Mexican voting public, and triggered institutional changes that enabled the PAN to build political momentum in advance of the country's 2000 democratic transition. Employing an institutional process-tracing approach, this article examines how shocks in the PAN's competitive environment reverberated inside the organization: how they affected the relative power of factions in the party, how they were mediated by existing party institutions, and how they related to the party's ideological goals. Those crucial intra-party processes, I argue, influenced whether the PAN, as an organization, responded to those exogenous shocks in terms of its competitive behavior, and conditioned how the PAN responded when it did so. The case of the PAN demonstrates that parties may respond to inclusionary reforms or other exogenous shocks in relatively uncoordinated and unsystematic manners.
Student voice as a contested practice: Power and participation in two student voice projects
Authors: Robinson Carol , Taylor Carol
Published: March 2013

This article applies theoretical understandings of power relations within student voice work to two empirical examples of school-based student voice projects. The article builds on and refines theoretical understandings of power and participation developed in previous articles written by the authors. The first article argued that at the heart of student voice work are four core values: communication as dialogue; participation and democratic inclusivity; the recognition that power relations are unequal and problematic; and the possibility for change and transformation (Robinson & Taylor, 2007); the second article focused on a theorization of power and participation within student voice work (Taylor & Robinson, 2009). This article explores how power and participation manifest themselves within the operation of student voice projects and considers the micro-processes at play when implementing student voice work within schools. The article concludes by questioning whether student voice work provides a genuine means through which change in schools is initiated.
Supporting school leavers in areas of deprivation into initial positive leaver destinations
Authors: McKinney Stephen , Hall Stuart , Lowden Kevin , McClung Michele , Cameron Lauren
Published: March 2013

The contemporary attempts to tackle poverty and child poverty in the United Kingdom have been seriously hindered by the effects of the economic crisis (Hirsch, 2008a; Mooney, 2011). The prevailing discourses of the recession and intergenerational poverty can lead to a view that the effects of child poverty and the consequent detrimental impact on school education and future prospects for some young people are intractable (Sinclair & McKendrick, 2009). There can be insufficient emphasis on the successful attempts, however fragile, to intervene in the cycle of deprivation. This article reports on research conducted in two contrasting groups of secondary schools in the city of Glasgow, located in areas of deprivation, as they work to secure initial positive school leaver destinations for young people. This small-scale case study highlights the importance of a strong leadership vision committed to initial positive school leaver destinations, but complemented by distributed leadership and support from external partners to enable sustained successes. It also highlights the importance of individual attention to all young people to support and motivate them and the effectiveness of intervention at an early stage.
Supporting creativity, inclusion and collaborative multi-professional learning
Authors: Davis John M
Published: March 2013

This article connects arguments in the field of integrated and multi-professional working concerning the need to promote a strengths-based approach to children, childhood and children’s services with writing about creativity in schooling. It utilizes strength-based and social justice approaches to encourage professionals who work with children and families to recognize the diversity of childhood and support children and families to collaboratively, creatively and flexibly develop solutions to their own life issues and their learning. It questions the extent to which schools are ready to be places that enable collaborative dialogue and considers whether targets and tests lead schools to stifle creativity. It draws from the CREANOVA project funded by the European Commission’s Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) to demonstrate the quantitative basis for the argument that flexibility stimulates creativity, and demonstrates that creativity flourishes in environments that value autonomy, openness, supportive structures and collaborative relationships. This finding enables the article to conclude that a culture shift can be achieved that stimulates creativity and innovation in childhood if organizations recognize the abilities of children to stimulate each other’s creativity, support children’s freedom to learn collaboratively and challenge barriers to learning such as targets and top-down performance indicators.
Resisting the romance: ‘Shipping’ and the discourse of genre uniqueness in Doctor Who fandom
Authors: Hadas Leora
Published: March 2013

In recent years, numerous cult franchises – once the purview of small communities of devotees – have been revived and adapted in order to draw mass audiences. Fans of these texts are left to puzzle out the question of communal and personal fan identity as fandom rapidly expands. This article focuses on the fandom of the science fiction classic Doctor Who, relaunched in 2005 as a ‘mainstreamed’ version, and examines how the introduction of genre hybridity into the text becomes for fans a crucial point in a struggle over the meaning of fandom. Using grounded analysis, the article demonstrates how members of LiveJournal community doctorwho construct their identities by othering two imagined communities: the romance-hating ‘anoraks’ and the romance-obsessed ‘shippers’. Navigating a minefield of undesired positions, these fans are characterised by a discourse of genre and community uniqueness that poses a challenge to the view of fandom as the blueprint for participatory culture.
Design principles for achieving integrated healthcare information systems
Authors: Jensen Tina Blegind
Published: March 2013

Achieving integrated healthcare information systems has become a common goal for many countries in their pursuit of obtaining coordinated and comprehensive healthcare services. This article focuses on how a small local project termed ‘Standardized pull of patient data’ expanded and is now used on a large scale providing a majority of hospitals, general practitioners and citizens across Denmark with the possibility of accessing healthcare data from different electronic patient record systems and other systems. I build on design theory for information infrastructures, as presented by Hanseth and Lyytinen, to examine the design principles that facilitated this smallscale project to expand and become widespread. As a result of my findings, I outline three lessons learned that emphasize: (i) principles of flexibility, (ii) expansion from the installed base through modular strategies and (iii) identification of key healthcare actors to provide them with immediate benefits.
Work-practice changes associated with an electronic emergency department whiteboard
Authors: Hertzum Morten , Simonsen Jesper
Published: March 2013

Electronic whiteboards are introduced at emergency departments (EDs) to improve work practices. This study investigates whether the time physicians and nurses at an ED spend in patient rooms versus at the control desk increases after the introduction of an electronic whiteboard. After using this whiteboard for four months nurses, but not physicians, spend more of their time with the patients. With the electronic whiteboard, nurses spend 28% of their time in patient rooms and physicians 20%. Importantly, the changes facilitated by the electronic whiteboard are also dependent on implementation issues, existing work practices and the clinicians’ experience. Another change in the work practices is distributed access to whiteboard information from the computers in patient rooms. A decrease in the mental workload of the coordinating nurse was envisaged but has not emerged. Achieving more changes appears to require an increase in whiteboard functionality and a firmer grip on the implementation process.
Discursivity, difference, and disruption
Authors: Thompson Craig J , Arnould Eric , Giesler Markus
Published: March 2013

We offer a genealogical perspective on the reflexive critique that consumer culture theory (CCT) has institutionalized a hyperindividualizing, overly agentic, and sociologically impoverished mode of analysis that impedes systematic investigations into the historical, ideological, and sociological shaping of marketing, markets, and consumption systems. Our analysis shows that the CCT pioneers embraced the humanistic/experientialist discourse to carve out a disciplinary niche in a largely antagonistic marketing field. However, this original epistemological orientation has long given way to a multilayered CCT heteroglossia that features a broad range of theorizations integrating structural and agentic levels of analysis. We close with a discussion of how reflexive debates over CCT's supposed biases toward the agentic reproduce symbolic distinctions between North American and European scholarship styles and thus primarily reflect the institutional interests of those positioned in the Northern hemisphere. By destabilizing the north–south and center–periphery relations of power that have long-framed metropole social science constructions of the marginalized cultural “other” as an object of study—rather than as a producer of legitimate knowledge and theory—the CCT heteroglossia can be further diversified and enriched through a blending of historical, material, critical, and experiential perspectives.
Towards a non-theoretical understanding of planning
Authors: Lord Alex
Published: March 2013

The post-positivist corpus of planning theory is replete with myriad theoretical interpretations of planning practice. Yet the theory–practice gap remains. This article seeks to explain this theory–practice gap as a systemically inscribed outcome of the very desire to theorise planning in the first place. It is argued that this theoretical disposition to the subject combined with a related preference for a methodological approach that rests on epistemic phenomenology is the reason we have collectively struggled to provide convincing accounts of practice. In an attempt to think again about how we understand planning practice, the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein is introduced to suggest an analytically investigative approach.
Improvement of a vibration-based damage detection approach for health monitoring of bolted flange joints in pipelines
Authors: Razi Pejman , Esmaeel Ramadan A , Taheri Farid
Published: March 2013

Early detection of bolt loosening is a major concern in the oil and gas industry. In this study, a vibration-based health monitoring strategy has been developed for detecting the loosening of bolts in a pipeline’s bolted flange joint. Both numerical and experimental studies are conducted to verify the integrity of our implementation as well as of an enhancement developed along with it. Several damage scenarios are simulated by the loosening of the bolts through varying the applied torque on each bolt. An electric impact hammer is used to vibrate (excite) the system in a consistent manner. The induced vibration signals are collected via piezoceramic sensors bonded onto the pipe and flange. These signals are transferred remotely by a wireless data acquisition module and then processed with a code developed in-house in the MATLAB environment. After normalization and filtering of the signals, the empirical mode decomposition is applied to establish an effective energy-based damage index. The assessment of the damage indices thus obtained for the various scenarios verifies the integrity of the proposed methodology for identifying the damage and its progression in bolted joints as well as the major enhancements applied onto the methodology.
Demographic and health factors associated with enrollment in posttrial studies: The women’s health initiative hormone therapy trials
Authors: Espeland Mark A , Pettinger Mary , Falkner Karen L , Shumaker Sally A , Limacher Marian , Thomas Fridtjof , Weaver Kathryn E , Stefanick Marcia L , McQuellon Cynthia , Hunt Julie R , Johnson Karen C
Published: March 2013

Background

After clinical trials end, continued follow-up of the assembled cohort often is desirable for additional research. Factors influencing participants’ decisions to consent to additional follow-up and how these shape posttrial cohorts have not been broadly studied.

Purpose

We examined how two re-enrollment campaigns and the passage of time altered features of the posttrial cohorts compared with the original Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Hormone Therapy clinical trials.

Methods

We examined associations that markers of sociodemography, health, lifestyle, and on-trial experiences had with re-enrollment and contrasted the characteristics of successive posttrial cohorts with those of the original enrollees.

Results

The posttrial enrollment campaigns re-enrolled 81.1% and 82.5% of available women, respectively. Women who re-enrolled tended to have better health characteristics than those not re-enrolled. Compared to women of comparable age in the original cohort, women retained for the second posttrial follow-up less often had a history of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio (OR) = 0.36), hypertension (OR = 0.57), diabetes (OR = 0.59), or measured cognitive deficit (OR = 0.40). These women more often had graduated from high school (OR = 1.72) and had participated in other WHI trials (OR = 1.76).

Limitations

We have examined experience with creating follow-up cohorts from participants in a single study. Thus, our findings may not apply to other cohorts and protocols.

Conclusions

Posttrial enrollment in follow-up studies can be successful; however, the characteristics of the resulting cohort may differ substantially from the originally assembled group of trial participants. Collection during the original trial of potential predictors of differential re-enrollment may strengthen interpretation of findings.
The effect of nearby obstacles in surface condensations on external thermal insulation composite systems: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Barreira Eva , de Freitas Vasco P
Published: March 2013

External thermal insulation composite systems are, nowadays, quite common in European buildings, used both in new constructions and refurbishment. Unfortunately, external thermal insulation composite systems can have serious problems of biological growth causing the cladding defacement. Studies carried out in recent years allowed understanding the hygrothermal behaviour of external thermal insulation composite systems. It is known that biological growth is due to high values of surface moisture content, which depends mostly on exterior surface condensation. Despite this existing knowledge, there is little information available about the influence of obstacles near the façade on condensation and surface moisture content. In this article, the results of a field test campaign to assess the influence of obstacles on surface condensation are presented. They show that nearby obstacles influence exterior surface temperature during the night and, consequently, surface condensation. Different obstacle configurations have different effects, which may lead to stained patterns on the façade due to differential biological growth rates. The effect of nearby obstacles on exterior surface condensation, revealed during the test campaign, addressed the development of a numerical routine to simulate their influence. This routine can be used with any existing hygrothermal model with the ability to simulate explicitly the radiative balance on the exterior surface. It calculates the increase in long-wave radiation due to the obstacle as a function of its geometry and emissivity of its surface. This extra amount of radiation is added to the atmospheric radiation that is an input of the hygrothermal models. The validation of this routine was performed by comparing simulated and experimental results. An example of the practical use of this routine is also presented in this article, with the calculation of the exterior surface condensation on different façades covered with external thermal insulation composite systems, with and without nearby obstacles, and its comparison with the coating defacement that they actually present.
Update on Banned Substances 2013
Authors: Barnes Kenneth P. , Rainbow Catherine R.
Published: March 2013

Context:

Doping has been pervasive throughout the history of athletic competitions and has only recently been regulated by organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). These regulatory bodies were created to preserve fair play and maintain the safety of the participants. Their updated 2013 lists of banned substances and practices include a variety of drugs and practices that could cause harm to an athlete or give one an unfair competitive advantage.

Evidence Acquisition:

Published websites for the WADA, USADA, and NCAA were investigated. These governing bodies update and publish their lists annually.

Results:

The WADA, USADA, and NCAA monitor anabolic steroids, hormones, growth factors, β-agonists, hormone and metabolic modulators, masking agents, street drugs, manipulation of blood and blood components, chemical and physical manipulation, gene doping, stimulants, narcotics, glucocorticosteroids, and β-blockers. Some substances may be used by athletes but require formal exemption. The WADA has also recently created a category of nonapproved substances that have yet to be identified to curb athletes from experimenting with new doping agents.

Conclusion:

The lists of banned substances and practices per the WADA, USADA, and NCAA are in place to ensure the integrity of sports and maintain safe competition. Health care providers who work with athletes under the jurisdiction of these organizations should review updated lists of banned substances when prescribing medications.
Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Beebe Justin A. , Cross Patrick S.
Published: March 2013

Background:

Calcific deposits (CaDs) may be related to chronic postoperative pain and may affect function after patellar tendon surgery.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that patients with CaDs (+CaDs) would rate lower than those without (−CaDs) on measures of knee function and quality of life.

Methods:

Patients completed the Tegner Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (Lysholm), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), and the Tegner Activity Level Scale. Sixteen postsurgical and 16 age-matched controls were tested. Patients +CaDs were 5.6 years older than those patients −CaDs and had 4.2 years of longer elapse since surgery. Bilateral patellar tendons were examined for CaDs with musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine if differences existed among patients +CaDs and −CaDs and healthy controls. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to determine which variables best predicted the presence of CaDs.

Results:

CaDs were found in 44% (7 of 16) of postsurgical patients, who scored lower than controls on all dimensions of the Lysholm, KOOS, and IKDC. Patients +CaD had lower KOOS scores than controls (symptoms, activities of daily living, and quality of life). Age and time since surgery were both moderately related to the presence of CaDs, and both correctly predicted 71% of patients +CaDs.

Conclusion:

Calcific deposits were found in the patellar tendon of 44% of postsurgical patients, who rated themselves lower on all subjective measures of knee function and quality of life following surgery. Age is an important factor for developing CaDs postsurgery.

Clinical Relevance:

Calcific deposits may be present in patellar tendons following surgery, but their direct role in functional or clinical limitations remains unknown.
The Practical Uses of Ultrasound in a Clinical Setting to Diagnose Thrombosis of the Ulnar Artery
Authors: Serafine Matthew S. , Peterson Charles S.
Published: March 2013

A 43-year-old professional skateboarder presented to the sports medicine clinic with complaints of left wrist pain to the ulnar aspect. Two weeks prior to presentation, his wrist became suddenly painful with no specific trauma. He reported a history of falls over the years while skateboarding but none directly correlated to his onset of wrist pain. Radiographic results were negative for wrist or hand fracture. Physical examination yielded tenderness and mild swelling to the ulnar aspect of the wrist. Musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to assess tendon and ligament integrity, all of which was intact. Both radial and ulnar arteries were visualized, and ulnar artery thrombosis was incidentally diagnosed. He was advised to immediately proceed to the hospital, where an open arthrectomy was performed to the ulnar artery the following day. The patient was released from the hospital 2 days later and subsequently made a full recovery.