bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Rock Composed of Multiple Irregular Minerals and Microcracks Using the Modified Quartet Structure Generation Set Method
Authors: Guo Peng , Chen Hanyu , Li Guangyao , Fan Lifeng
Published: February 2025

In this study, a modified reconstruction method for rock that considers the irregularity of minerals and microcracks was proposed. First, the quartet structure generation set (QSGS) method was modified by establishing two different growth modes of initial growth cores to generate the minerals and microcracks. Then, three‐dimensional (3D) digital rock modeling software was developed based on the modified method, achieving efficient and parametric rock modeling using real rock characteristic parameters. Next, taking granite as an example, a series of digital rock models were reconstructed based on the real characteristic parameters obtained by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and computed tomography (CT) tests. Finally, the accuracy of the modified method was verified by comparing the fractal dimensions of minerals and microcracks of digital rock models and granite sample. The results show that 3D digital rock modeling software can generate digital rock models with different mineral contents and porosities and that the generation time of the model decreases exponentially as the grid size increases. Meanwhile, the fractal dimensions of minerals and microcracks in the digital rock models are similar to those in the granite sample with acceptable errors of ± 5.0%. In summary, the modified method can reconstruct rock accurately and effectively by considering the irregularity of minerals and microcracks.
The effects of microprocessor prosthetic knee use in early rehabilitation: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Morgan Sara J. , Friedly Janna L. , Nelson Ian K. , Rosen Rachael E. , Humbert Andrew T. , Hafner Brian J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Microprocessor‐controlled prosthetic knees (MPKs) improve safety, stability, and mobility for people with transfemoral amputation. Despite these benefits, MPKs are often not used for people in early rehabilitation.

Objective

To assess the feasibility of a study that compares MPKs and nonmicroprocessor knees (NMPKs) for people with recent transfemoral amputation and report on health outcomes after 3 months of use. Investigators hypothesized that MPK users would have better outcomes than NMPK users.

Design

Pilot randomized controlled study.

Setting

Institutional laboratory.

Participants

Adults with recent unilateral transfemoral amputation, deemed ready for their first prosthesis, and weighed <125 kg. Eighteen participants enrolled; 15 completed the study.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to use a MPK or NMPK in their first prosthesis.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, and missing data. Health outcome measures included performance‐based and self‐reported measures of mobility, participation, step activity, and falls.

Results

Eighteen of 24 planned participants enrolled in the study. Fifteen participants received a study prosthesis and completed the 3‐month trial (MPK: n = 9; NMPK: n = 6). Participants with an MPK had significantly higher Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (p = .01, Hedges' g: 1.70), Activity‐specific Balance Confidence (p = .01, Hedges' g: 1.75), and Return to Normal Living Index (p = .05, Hedges' g: 0.54) scores compared to patients with NMPK. No other outcomes significantly differed between groups; effect sizes (0.47–1.75) across mobility outcomes indicated better outcomes in the MPK group.

Conclusions

Enrollment goals were limited by the COVID‐19 pandemic, but all 15 participants who received a study prosthesis finished the 3‐month pilot study. The MPK group generally had better 3‐month outcomes than the NMPK group, but few statistically significant differences were found due to the small sample size and heterogeneity within groups. Results from this pilot study can inform and power future studies that compare MPKs and NMPKs in early rehabilitation.
Postmenstrual age at Extubation as a Risk Factor Associated With Respiratory‐Related Reintubation Among Extremely Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kambara Masanori , Takeuchi Jiro , Kumano Akari , Fujita Chisato , Matsumura Mami , Suzuki Akiko , Takao Daishi , Iseki Tomohiro , Kai Akihiko , Maekawa Shu , Shiomi Masashi , Sumi Kiyoaki
Published: February 2025

Background

Previous studies that discussed risk factors associated with extubation failure among preterm infants may have underestimated extubation failures because they used short observation windows for detecting reintubations.

Aims

To explore risk factors associated with reintubations among extremely preterm infants during hospitalization.

Study Design

A single‐center, retrospective cohort study.

Subjects

Infants born < 28 weeks gestational age between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022.

Outcome Measures

We focused only on extubation failures associated with respiratory problems. We assessed risk factors by conducting multivariable logistic regression analyses using variables previously reported as risk factors associated with extubation failure among preterm infants.

Results

Ninety‐five infants with a median gestational age of 25.6 weeks were eligible, and of those, 33 infants (34.7%) experienced extubation failure. Reintubations within 7 days after extubation accounted for approximately three‐quarters of whole reintubations (24 infants, 72.7%). Risk factors associated with extubation failure were partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) before extubation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.14; p = 0.023), fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) before extubation (adjusted OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.10–8.04; p = 0.032), and postmenstrual age (PMA) at extubation (adjusted OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97; p = 0.004). The predictive model submitting these variables demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.802.

Conclusions

When evaluating extubation failures more precisely by adopting the longer period, we might need to consider not only respiratory status before extubation but also maturity at extubation to assess extubation readiness.
Dirac Operators on Configuration Spaces: Fermions with Half‐integer Spin, Real Structure, and Yang–Mills Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Aastrup Johannes , Grimstrup Jesper Møller
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the development of a spectral triple‐like construction on a configuration space of gauge connections is continued. It has previously been shown that key elements of bosonic and fermionic quantum field theory emerge from such a geometrical framework. In this paper, a central problem concerning the inclusion of fermions with half‐integer spin into this framework is solved. The tangent space of the configuration space is mapped into a similar space based on spinors, and this map is used to construct a Dirac operator on the configuration space. A real structure acting in a Hilbert space over the configuration space is also constructed. Finally, it is shown that the self‐dual and anti‐self‐dual sectors of the Hamiltonian of a nonperturbative quantum Yang‐Mills theory emerge from a unitary transformation of a Dirac equation on a configuration space of gauge fields. The dual and anti‐dual sectors are shown to emerge in a two‐by‐two matrix structure.
The Effect of the Slag Formation on the Impurity Removal for the Floating Zone Melting of Iron
Authors: Niu Qiangguo , Xu Hangan , Liu Tengshi , Zhao Hongshan , Xia An , Zhong Chengqian , Bai Jiaxin , Li Jianmin , Xu Run , Wang Linjun , Dong Han
Published: February 2025

The zone melting method is often adopted to achieve ultra‐high‐purity materials. Herein, ultra‐high‐purity irons (>5 N) are prepared by the floating zone melting method. Two major purification effects during the zone melting, i.e., segregation and evaporation, are clearly confirmed. Besides, another purification effect, related to the formation of the slag layer at the surface of the melting‐zone tail, is also found. The insoluble particles, which are most composed of the Al and Si oxidizes, can be accumulated together under the forced convection in the melting zone, and finally lead to the formation of the slag layer at the surface. Therefore, this purification effect, based on the movement of this slag layer from the head into the end of the whole melting zone, can partly remove the elements like Al and Si, which are normally difficult to be removed by the segregation and evaporation process.
Monte Carlo Investigation of the Critical Behavior of a Core–Shell Nanotube
Authors: Hachem Ouafa , Choubabi El Bouâzzaoui , Lafhal Amer , El Bouziani Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Monte Carlo simulation is employed to examine a ferrimagnetic Ising‐type hexagonal nanotube, featuring a spin‐ core embedded in a spin‐1 shell. The impacts of specific exchange interactions and the crystal field on the magnetization and phase diagrams of the system are analyzed and discussed. Under certain physical conditions, the nanotube exhibits first‐ and second‐order phase transitions and compensation temperatures. The characteristics highlighted are significant for the technological applications of these systems, such as magnetic storage devices, sensors, and drug delivery systems.
Time‐Multiplexed Reservoir Computing with Quantum‐Dot Lasers: Impact of Charge‐Carrier Scattering Timescale
Authors: Dong Huifang , Jaurigue Lina , Lüdge Kathy
Published: February 2025

Reservoir computing with optical devices offers an energy‐efficient approach for time‐series forecasting. Quantum dot lasers with feedback are modeled in this article to explore the extent to which increased complexity in the charge‐carrier dynamics within the nanostructured semiconductor can enhance the prediction performance. By tuning the scattering interactions, the laser's dynamics and response time can be finely adjusted, allowing for a systematic investigation. It is found that both system response time and task requirements need to be considered to find optimal operation conditions. Further, lasers with pronounced relaxation oscillations outperform those with strongly damped dynamics, even if the underlying charge‐carrier dynamics is more complex. This demonstrates that optimal reservoir computing performance relies not only on a high internal phase space dimension but also on the effective utilization of these dynamics through the output sampling process, quantum dot laser, reservoir computing, feedback delay, effective scattering rate, relaxation oscillation.
Effects of Cornus mas L. Supplementation on Anthropometric and Metabolic Characteristics in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Li Dong , Liu Yuzhe , Fu Qiang , Han Rui , Wu Jinlin , Zhang Qinglan , Fang Fang , Zhu Danping
Published: February 2025

The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is threatening the health of people around the world. The fruit of Cornus mas L. (CM) is rich in bioactive compounds that have the potential to promote health and improve chronic diseases associated with MetS. This systematic review aimed to compile data on the effects of CM supplementation on anthropometric and metabolic characteristics in patients with MetS. Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were employed to identify the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effects of CM on anthropometric parameters, glycemia, and lipid profiles up to December 2024. The included articles were subjected to assessment using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A heterogeneity test was conducted on the included trials using the I2 statistic. A random‐effects model was applied based on the results of the heterogeneity tests, and the pooled data were presented as the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of five RCTs were included in the analysis, with a total sample size of 313 human subjects. The results indicated that CM had a significant effect on lowering body mass index (BMI) (MD: −0.31; 95% CI: −0.46 to −0.16, p < 0.0001, I2 = 15%), hip circumference (HC) (MD: −0.84; 95% CI: −1.31 to −0.37, p = 0.0005, I2 = 19%), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (MD: −4.85; 95% CI: −7.80 to −1.91, p = 0.001, I2 = 24%), and total cholesterol (TC) levels (MD: −13.40; 95% CI: −18.93 to −7.87, p < 0.00001, I2 = 30%). Furthermore, a notable elevation in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) was observed in CM interventions (MD: 2.08; 95% CI: 0.03–4.13, p = 0.05, I2 = 0%). Compared to the control group, the reduction in insulin (MD: −3.20; 95% CI: −5.25 to −1.15, p = 0.002, I2 = 83%), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) (MD: −0.36; 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.04, p = 0.03, I2 = 89%), triglyceride (TG) (MD: −36.47, 95% CI: −62.03 to −10.91, p = 0.005, I2 = 76%), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) (MD: −15.35; 95% CI: −25.63 to −5.06, p = 0.003, I2 = 52%) were observed in CM interventions, although there was considerable heterogeneity in the results. In conclusion, the present findings suggest the beneficial effects of CM supplementation on MetS and related disorders. However, in order to establish a robust link between CM and MetS, further trials with adequate sample sizes are warranted.
Fault Detection Observer Design for Nonlinear Steering Control Systems of Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Lei , Hao Li‐Ying , Yang Qinghua , Wang Yu‐Long
Published: February 2025

This article studies the design of fault detection (FD) observers for nonlinear steering control (NSC) systems of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with steering machine faults. The considered NSC systems of USVs are characterized by discrete‐time T‐S fuzzy models with immeasurable states. First, a new fuzzy FD observer is constructed to handle the challenge caused by the introduction of membership functions (MFs) that are different from the ones in the system, in which the MFs in the FD are designed by scaling and biasing those of the T‐S model. Different from the existing uncertainty restrictions between the MFs in the systems and those in the observers, the deterministic restrictions are constructed, and the MFs of the observer are directly constructed according to the ones of the system without calculation. Then, by employing Lyapunov function (LF), it is proved that the constructed FD observers can ensure the stability and desired performance of the systems. Finally, an NSC system model of USVs is given to verify the effectiveness of the presented technical solution.
Observer‐Based Practically Prescribed‐Time Attitude Control for Flexible Spacecraft
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Ying , Wu Ai‐Guo
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the practically prescribed‐time attitude stabilization problem for flexible spacecraft with unknown disturbances is investigated. By designing an extended modal observer, the flexible vibrations and disturbances are compensated. Compared with some existing results on the flexible modal observers, an appealing feature in the current design is that the estimation errors of flexible vibrations converge faster. To establish the practically prescribed‐time control scheme, a state‐scaling transformation is introduced by time‐varying functions. Additionally, with the aid of the presented observer and an adaptive law, the attitude achieves practically prescribed‐time stability. At last, numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Rapid Dye Loading Techniques in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kandregula Ganapathi Rao , Mandal Sudip , Pasala Vasudevarao
Published: February 2025

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) greatly impacted researchers because of their inexpensive materials (organic/inorganic‐based molecules) and relatively simple fabrication process. The fabrication of DSSCs possesses donor‐acceptor type light‐harvesting materials and simple manufacturing techniques; the technology is the most environmentally friendly. In the process of preparing photoanode, adsorption of dye on the TiO2 is one of the crucial and time‐consuming processes. The conventional method of dye adsorption is carried out by dipping the FTO/TiO2 electrodes in dye solution for 12 to 48 h. In the DSSCs literature, very few techniques were explored to reduce the dye loading time. This review focuses on various dye loading methods, such as electrical adsorption, spray coating, microwave‐assisted ultrasonication, functionalized carboxylate deposition, solution dropping, and electrosorption, and so on. and their consequences in influencing the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs. Dipping and evaporation, solution dropping method, and gas bubbling soaking are inexpensive methods for dye loading. However, the electrochemical methods provide enhanced dye loading within an optimum duration resulting in the improvement of PCE as compared to rest of the methods.
A Single Sub‐Millimetric Metasurface‐Based Optical Element for Lattice Bessel Beam Excitation Enabling Brain Activity Recordings In Vivo
Authors: Archetti Anna , Bruzzone Matteo , Tagliabue Giulia , Maschio Marco dal
Published: February 2025

Bessel beams (BBs) are propagation‐invariant optical fields that retain a narrow central intensity profile over longer propagation lengths than Gaussian beams (GBs). Due to this property, they have been adopted in fluorescence‐based light sheet microscopy (LSM) to obtain 2D longitudinally‐extended light‐sheets. Yet, current approaches for generating BB lattices in LSM focus on regular excitation patterns and involve complex and bulky optics, limiting integration capability and versatility. Here, a flexible method is presented to obtain BB‐arrays with arbitrary geometries by encoding on a single sub‐millimetric surface all the optical transformations required. This method is applied using a single metasurface to encode the generation of a linear array of BBs, avoiding the use of conjugation and focusing optics. With respect to the current strategies, this approach, allowing for the independent design of each beamlet of the array, increases the degrees of freedom while making optimal use of the available light with no rejection, thus facilitating its integration into optical systems. According to this method, we fabricated a metasurface‐based optical element for generating a linear BB‐array of excitation in an LSM configuration and recorded neuronal activity at cellular resolution from the zebrafish larva brain. Thus, the proposed approach greatly extends the BB‐array versatility and the application scenarios.
Vortex Fluidic Mediated Synthesis of Enhanced Hydrogen Producing Magnetic Gold
Authors: Alotaibi Badriah M. , Rapheima Soraya , Yu Po‐Wei , Chen Xianjue , Roman Tanglaw , Gibson Christopher T. , Lib Tiexin , Chen Dechao , Antunes Elsa , Li Qin , Anderson Mats R. , Darwish Nadim , Raston Colin L.
Published: February 2025

While bulk gold is well known to be diamagnetic, there is growing experimental and theoretical work supporting the formation of nano gold with unconventional magnetic properties. However, access to such magnetic gold nanoparticles at scale is limited. It is established that magnetic gold particles are readily accessible when exposing aqueous solutions of auric acid (H[AuCl4]) to UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm) under high shear in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), as a photo‐contact electrification process. Thin films of liquid in the VFD down to ≈200 μm thick are generated in a tilted rapidly rotating angled glass tube with induced mechanical energy imparted under high shear, which when exposed to UV, reduces Au3+ to elemental gold without the need for adding reducing agents, unlike in the conventional synthesis of nano gold particles. The use of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is reported to show that VFD‐generated 2D gold sheets have magnetic gold nanoparticles embedded in them, with the material electron paramagnetic resonance active. A report is made on theoretical insights into the origin of the magnetism and that the material shows a dramatic enhancement of catalytic activity in the hydrogen generation reaction relative to using traditionally produced gold nanoparticles of comparable size.
Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements and Numerical Simulation of the Flow and Vortex in a Hydraulic Mountain‐Bottom Submerged Entry Nozzle
Authors: Hua Chengjian , Wang Dong , Guan Jianfei , Zhang Hongxu , Hu Xin , Ren Zhifeng , Li Yihong
Published: February 2025

The submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is a critical component in the continuous casting process, facilitating the transfer of molten steel from the tundish to the mold. The internal flow dynamics within the SEN are crucial as they influence several key aspects of casting, such as mold flow characteristics, inclusion transport, susceptibility to nozzle clogging, and the ultimate quality of the produced steel. In this study, a hydraulic nozzle model is established, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) is employed to measure velocity magnitudes inside the nozzle. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of the flow within the hydraulic nozzle model are conducted using the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes model and large eddy simulation (LES) with varying mesh sizes. The time‐averaged velocity magnitude calculated by the shear stress transport model using a medium mesh and the LES model with finer mesh resolution exhibits good agreement with the PIV measurements. Vortices are predominantly observed near the nozzle bottom and in close proximity to the nozzle wall. Notably, a pair of counter‐rotating vortices are identified at the nozzle bottom. Furthermore, transient fluctuations in velocity magnitude are effectively captured by LES employing finer mesh resolutions.
Challenges and Opportunities of Digital Marketplaces in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Almunawar Mohammad Nabil , Abdullah Mohammad Alif Azizi
Published: February 2025

Digital marketplaces are sites that provide online transaction facilities for their customers. As such, business transactions can be done anytime and anywhere between sellers and buyers through digital platforms, making them very flexible compared to physical stores or traditional marketplaces. Digital marketplaces are not new as they were among earlier e-commerce business models introduced in the 1990s, such as eBay and Amazon. However, local digital marketplace platforms are relatively new in Brunei Darussalam, as most such platforms started only a few years ago, although Bruneians are used to buying products from well-known global platforms. Several reasons have caused the emergence of local digital marketplace platforms, such as the very high internet penetration, the limitations of social media in supporting business transactions, the experience in making transactions using global digital marketplaces, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which forced people to conduct online transactions to avoid physical contact and the availability of digital technology for setting up platforms. This chapter discusses Brunei’s digital marketplace. It examines theories of the digital marketplace, such as transaction cost economics and multisided markets. Four examples of Brunei’s digital marketplace are analysed—Al-Huffaz Management, Babakimpo, Naindah and Super Squad Soccer—and opportunities and challenges for them to survive and grow are discussed.
Conclusion: Moving Forward
Authors: Khalid Ahmed M. , Jetin Bruno
Published: February 2025

This chapter provides a summary of the contributions in this book. One key argument presented throughout is that economies going through a transitional phase face several challenges such as rising unemployment, a lack of entrepreneurial and innovative skills, a dearth of expertise in economic planning and management and more. The recent economic changes experienced by Brunei Darussalam are driven by a structural transformation that occurs in all emerging countries during their development process. This shifting global Asia offers many opportunities for growth if Brunei accelerates policy implementation to innovate and diversify its economy. This is necessary to meet the challenges of the energy transition and the digital economy that are propelled by shocks like climate change and global pandemics. Brunei must also be ready for a demographic change, and invest in and modernise its education system to provide young people with the new skills that companies need. The contributions provide clear evidence that Brunei is increasingly committed to taking on the responsibility of being a more productive state. Oil and gas rents, which are an important driver of the long-run economic growth process, have been increasingly used to finance diversification and socioeconomic development, including generous welfare benefits. This chapter highlights certain niche areas, such as the development of financial sector including a focus on Islamic finance, strengthening agritourism, the services sector, an efficient public sector and more vibrant business sector, which are all key to the future success of Brunei and its ability to meet the anticipated targets as set out in Wawasan Brunei 2035 (Brunei Vision 2035).
Financial Sector Development in Brunei Darussalam: Trends, Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Bhattacharyay Biswa Nath
Published: February 2025

This chapter examines the trends in the financial sector development of Brunei Darussalam during the 2014–2018 period based on 24 indicators measuring depth/intermediation, financial access and financial inclusion and efficiency. It analyses these indicators in comparison with its peers among Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It also discusses the major prospects and challenges faced by the financial sector and provides salient policy recommendations. As part of the processes of globalisation and regional integration, the financial sector in Asia has also experienced increased integration and flows of cross-border funds. The financial sector in Brunei is at a developmental stage, though it is institutionally strong with the presence of both Islamic and conventional banks and other financial institutions. Brunei Darussalam Central Bank is slowly working to create a fully functional capital market, a must in order to compete with regional financial markets. Launched in 2016, the Financial Sector Blueprint 2016–2025 provides a roadmap and strategic framework to develop Brunei’s financial services sector into one of Asia’s most competitive and innovative hubs. The successful implementation of the roadmap will help achieve the objectives of Wawasan Brunei 2035 (Brunei Vision 2013), the country’s overarching development strategy, to diversify the economy. The chapter argues that the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement will further enhance economic integration and the growth of the region, including the financial sectors of the participating member countries such as Brunei.
Collider and CMB complementarity of leptophilic dark matter with light Dirac neutrinos
Authors: Borah Debasish , Das Nayan , Jahedi Sahabub , Thacker Bhavya
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study the discovery prospects of leptophilic dark matter (DM) in future lepton colliders by considering the light neutrinos to be of Dirac type. Adopting an effective field theory (EFT) approach, we write down dimension six operators connecting the standard model (SM) fields, light Dirac neutrinos and DM. Considering DM relic to be generated via the thermal freeze-out, we check the discovery prospects at future lepton colliders via mono-photon plus missing energy searches. The right chiral parts of light Dirac neutrinos get thermalised due to their interactions with the bath as well as leptophilic DM, leading to enhanced effective relativistic degrees of freedom N
eff within reach of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. The interplay of existing bounds from cosmological observations related to DM relic and N
eff, direct and indirect detection of DM, astrophysics, and collider observations leave promising discovery prospects at future electron and muon colliders along with complementary signatures at future CMB experiments.
Probing the Page transition via approximate quantum error correction
Authors: Zhong Haocheng
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In recent years, there is a huge progress in understanding the black hole information problem, and the key is that the black hole entropy of radiation should be calculated by the island formula, which describes the Page curve to ensure the unitarity of black hole evaporation. In the paper, we find that the black hole evaporation interpreted by the island formula can be understood in the language of approximate quantum error correction. Furthermore, the Page transition, as a special property of the Page curve, should be understood as the property of approximate quantum error correction itself, i.e. a general class of quantum systems under certain conditions from approximate quantum error correction can also exhibit phenomenon similar to the Page transition.
Twisted holography
Authors: Costello Kevin , Gaiotto Davide
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We derive and test a novel holographic duality in the B-model topological string theory. The duality relates the B-model on certain Calabi-Yau three-folds to two-dimensional chiral algebras defined as gauged βγ systems. The duality conjecturally captures a topological sector of more familiar AdS5/CFT4 holographic dualities.
Solar neutrinos and the strongest oscillation constraints on scalar NSI
Authors: Denton Peter B. , Giarnetti Alessio , Meloni Davide
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Scalar non-standard neutrino interactions (sNSI) is a scenario where neutrinos can develop a medium dependent contribution to their mass due to a new scalar mediator. This scenario differs from the commonly discussed vector mediator case in that the oscillation effect scales with density rather than density and neutrino energy. Thus the strongest oscillation constraint comes from solar neutrinos which experience the largest density in a neutrino oscillation experiment. We derive constraints on all the sNSI parameters as well as the absolute neutrino mass scale by combining solar and reactor data and find solar neutrinos to be > 1 order of magnitude more sensitive to sNSI than terrestrial probes such as long-baseline experiments.
Absence of one-loop effects on large scales from small scales in non-slow-roll dynamics. Part 2. Quartic interactions and consistency relations
Authors: Fumagalli Jacopo
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We prove explicitly the absence of one-loop corrections to large scales from small scales in transient non-slow-roll dynamics. Specifically, we address loop corrections to the primordial power spectrum, relative to tree-level, that are independent of the ratio between the two scales. We review all the necessary components, adapted to our context, to express one-loop diagrams as three-point functions, emphasizing the crucial role played by quartic interactions. Notably, we include the quartic Hamiltonian induced by the cubic Lagrangian and quartic interactions that are ensured by diffeomorphism invariance. We then explicitly prove consistency relations for an arbitrary transient non-slow-roll phase involving operators with (time) derivatives. Finally, we calculate one-loop corrections by including contributions from the relevant cubic and quartic interactions, and express the final result as a total derivative term over comoving momenta, utilizing the consistency relations we established. This leads us to conclude that one-loop corrections to long-wavelength modes are unaffected by the physics of short and enhanced modes in non-slow-roll dynamics.
Cryptographic Censorship
Authors: Engelhardt Netta , Folkestad Åsmund , Levine Adam , Verheijden Evita , Yang Lisa
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We formulate and take two large strides towards proving a quantum version of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. We first prove “Cryptographic Censorship”: a theorem showing that when the time evolution operator of a holographic CFT is approximately pseudorandom (or Haar random) on some code subspace, then there must be an event horizon in the corresponding bulk dual. This result provides a general condition that guarantees (in finite time) event horizon formation, with minimal assumptions about the global spacetime structure. Our theorem relies on an extension of a recent quantum learning no-go theorem and is proved using new techniques of pseudorandom measure concentration. To apply this result to cosmic censorship, we separate singularities into classical, semi-Planckian, and Planckian types. We illustrate that classical and semi-Planckian singularities are compatible with approximately pseudorandom CFT time evolution; thus, if such singularities are indeed approximately pseudorandom, by Cryptographic Censorship, they cannot exist in the absence of event horizons. This result provides a sufficient condition guaranteeing that seminal holographic results on quantum chaos and thermalization, whose general applicability relies on typicality of horizons, will not be invalidated by the formation of naked singularities in AdS/CFT.
Wreathing, discrete gauging, and non-invertible symmetries
Authors: Grimminger Julius F. , Harding William , Mekareeya Noppadol
Published: February 2025

Abstract

’t Hooft anomalies of discrete global symmetries and gaugings thereof have rich mathematical structures and far-reaching physical consequences. We examine each subgroup G, up to automorphisms, of the permutation group S
4 that acts on the four legs of the affine D
4 quiver diagram, which is mirror dual to the 3d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 SU(2) gauge theory with four flavours. These actions are studied in terms of how each permutation cycle acts on the superconformal index of the theory in question. We present a prescription for refining the index with respect to the fugacities associated with the Abelian discrete symmetries that are subgroups of G. This allows us to study sequential gauging of various subgroups of G and construct symmetry webs. We study the effects of ’t Hooft anomalies and non-invertible symmetries that arise from discrete gauging on the index. When the whole symmetry G is gauged, our results are in perfect agreement with a type of discrete operations on the quiver, known as wreathing, discussed in the literature. We provide a general prescription for computing the index for any wreathed quivers that contain unitary or special unitary gauge groups. We demonstrate this in an example of the 3d

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 U(N) gauge theory with n flavours and compare the results with gauging the charge conjugation symmetry associated with the flavour symmetry of such a theory.
Gravitational waves and dark matter in the gauged two-Higgs doublet model
Authors: Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. , Tran Van Que , Yuan Tzu-Chiang
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We investigate the possibility of a strong first-order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT) during the early universe within the framework of the gauged two-Higgs doublet model (G2HDM) and explore its detectability through stochastic gravitational wave signals. The G2HDM introduces a dark replica of the Standard Model electroweak gauge group, inducing an accidental Z
2 symmetry which not only leads to a simple scalar potential at tree-level but also offers a compelling vectorial dark matter candidate. Using the high temperature expansion in the effective potential that manifests gauge invariance, we find a possible two-step phase transition pattern in the model with a strong first-order transition occurring in the second step at the EW scale temperature. Collider data from the LHC plays a crucial role in constraining the parameter space conducive to this two-step transition. Furthermore, satisfying the nucleation condition necessitates the masses of scalar bosons in the hidden sector to align with the electroweak scale, potentially probed by future collider detectors. The stochastic gravitational wave energy spectrum associated with the phase transition is computed. The results indicate that forthcoming detectors such as BBO, LISA, DECIGO, TianQin and Taiji could potentially detect the gravitational wave signals generated by the FOEWPT. Additionally, we find that the parameter space probed by gravitational waves can also be searched for in future dark matter direct detection experiments, in particular those designed for dark matter masses in the sub-GeV range using the superfluid Helium target detectors.
On the space of 2d integrable models
Authors: Lindwasser Lukas W.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study infinite dimensional Lie algebras, whose infinite dimensional mutually commuting subalgebras correspond with the symmetry algebra of 2d integrable models. These Lie algebras are defined by the set of infinitesimal, nonlinear, and higher derivative symmetry transformations present in theories with a left(right)-moving or (anti)-holomorphic current. We study a large class of such Lagrangian theories. We study the commuting subalgebras of the 2d free massless scalar, and find the symmetries of the known integrable models such as sine-Gordon, Liouville, Bullough-Dodd, and Korteweg-de Vries. Along the way, we find several new sequences of commuting charges, which we conjecture are charges of integrable models which are new deformations of a single scalar. After quantizing, the Lie algebra is deformed, and so are their commuting subalgebras.
Threshold resummation for double-deeply virtual Compton scattering
Authors: Schoenleber J.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The threshold region for double-deeply virtual Compton scattering (DDVCS) is discussed. I derive a resummation formula for the (partonic) threshold logarithms in the flavor non-singlet case. The resummations can be done by using (re)factorization theorems for the coefficient functions near the partonic thresholds. As a byproduct, we obtain the leading term in the threshold limit of the two-loop coefficient function in double-deeply-virtual Compton scattering, which agrees with the recent result from explicit calculation, providing a highly non-trivial cross-check.
Erratum to: $$ \overline{B}\to \overline{D}D $$ decays and the extraction of fd/fu at hadron colliders
Authors: Davies Jonathan , Jung Martin , Schacht Stefan
Published: February 2025

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)191
Super-leading logarithms in pp → 2 jets
Authors: Becher Thomas , Hager Patrick , Martinelli Giuliano , Neubert Matthias , Schwienbacher Dominik , Stillger Michel
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Jet observables at hadron colliders feature “super-leading” logarithms, double-logarithmic corrections resulting from a breakdown of color coherence due to complex phases in hard-scattering amplitudes. While these effects only arise in high orders of perturbation theory and are suppressed in the large-N

c
limit, they formally constitute leading logarithmic corrections to the cross sections. We present the first analysis of the corresponding contributions to a hadronic cross section, including all partonic channels and interference effects. Interestingly, some interference terms in partonic

$$ q\overline{q} $$

q

q
¯

→

$$ q\overline{q} $$

q

q
¯

scattering are only linearly suppressed in 1/N

c
. Our results for the pp → 2 jets gap-between-jets cross section demonstrate the numerical importance of super-leading logarithms for small values of the veto scale Q
0, showing that these contributions should be accounted for in precision studies of such observables.
Entanglement entropy at large-N
Authors: Talavera P.
Published: February 2025

Abstract

I show that at early times the evaporation process for a stack of NS5-branes at high energy is suppressed in the large-N limit. At much later times, the new saddles in the gravitational action are no longer suppressed at large-N, and evaporation proceeds as usual.
A new twist on spinning (A)dS correlators
Authors: Baumann Daniel , Mathys Grégoire , Pimentel Guilherme L. , Rost Facundo
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Massless spinning correlators in cosmology are extremely complicated. In contrast, the scattering amplitudes of massless particles with spin are very simple. We propose that the reason for the unreasonable complexity of these correlators lies in the use of inconvenient kinematic variables. For example, in de Sitter space, consistency with unitarity and the background isometries imply that the correlators must be conformally covariant and also conserved. However, the commonly used kinematic variables for correlators do not make all of these properties manifest. In this paper, we introduce twistor space as a powerful way to satisfy all kinematic constraints. We show that conformal correlators of conserved currents can be written as twistor integrals, where the conservation condition translates into holomorphicity of the integrand. The functional form of the twistor-space correlators is very simple and easily bootstrapped. For the case of two- and three-point functions, we verify explicitly that this reproduces known results in embedding space. We also perform a half-Fourier transform of the twistor-space correlators to obtain their counterparts in momentum space. We conclude that twistors provide a promising new avenue to study conformal correlation functions that exposes their hidden simplicity.
Effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on quality of life among orthodontic patients with craniofacial disorder compared to healthy controls
Authors: Weismann C. , Schmidt M. , Effert J. , Schulz M. C. , Poets C. F. , Koos B. , Aretxabaleta M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Craniofacial disorders (CD) affect the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Therefore, this study evaluates the OHIP in orthodontic patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence compared to healthy controls (C).

Methods

A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, with responses categorized into functional and psychological well-being items. In addition, the study considered the influence of crossbite, orthodontic appliance type, oral hygiene, and speech therapy. A high OHIP score represents a good quality of life. The Mann–Whitney test was used for nonparametric quantitative variables; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The study included 119 participants (ages 7–21 years; 61 male, 58 female), divided into a CD group consisting of patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence (n = 42) and a control group (C; n = 77; mean age 13.5 ± 5.2 and 14.3 ± 3.3 years, respectively). Both groups showed comparable OHIP-14 scores. The CD group reported significantly higher satisfaction regarding nutritional intake (p = 0.03), while the social and psychological dimensions were reduced (p = 0.04). Factors like crossbite, orthodontic appliance and speech therapy did not have a significant impact on OHIP. CD patients with good oral hygiene showed significantly superior self-reported psychological OHIP (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Patients with cleft lip and/or palate or with Robin sequence exhibited OHIP scores comparable to healthy individuals despite their underlying condition. Early guidance on dental care and tooth-friendly nutrition has the potential to improve OHRQoL. Additionally, providing supplemental psychological support during orthodontic treatment is advisable.

Graphic abstract
On pessimism aversion in the context of artificial intelligence and locus of control: insights from an international sample
Authors: Montag Christian , Schulz Peter J. , Zhang Heng , Li Benjamin J.
Published: February 2025

The present study sheds light on a new psychological construct called “AI pessimism aversion” (AIPA) describing an overly optimistic view of the benefits of AI by neglecting its potential dangers. In an international sample of N = 543 participants, we observed that the construct of AIPA strongly overlaps with single-item measures for positive and negative AI attitudes. Furthermore, the structural equation model suggests that the positive association between the internal locus of control (a personality measure describing persons who see themselves as steering their own lives) and positive AI attitudes was in part mediated by AIPA. We also assessed risk aversion in the present work, because high aversion of risky situations might go along with lower AIPA (the coming AI wave is characterised by high uncertainty). Surprisingly, this was not the case, and these two constructs seem to be (rather) independent. The present work should be a starting point to dive deeper into the study of AI attitudes, a highly relevant research theme for societies standing at the eve of the coming AI wave.
The role of employment, labour productivity and trade linkages in the evolution of European regional disparities
Authors: Carullo Danilo , Di Caro Paolo , Fratesi Ugo
Published: February 2025

The paper disentangles the role of specific factors in the evolution of regional disparities within the EU. First, investigated is the role of employment and labour productivity, with particular reference to specific market-oriented sectors (manufacturing and private services). Second, studied is the role of trade linkages and proximities in the evolution of regional disparities on the EU. To achieve the aims, recently developed factor and spatial decompositions of the Theil index are applied to data at sectoral level covering the past twenty-five years. Furthermore, recent regional trade data are used to produce trade-based proximity matrices to compare with more traditional distance-based ones. This allows departing from a traditional conception of space as physical proximity, looking at the insertion in trade networks. The findings show a primary role of labour productivity differences in the explanation of regional differentials between the EU countries, but with a diminishing role after the Great Recession. Furthermore, detected is a raising importance of regional differences in the structure of labour markets/employment to explain regional disparities within and between the EU countries. The paper finally and most innovatively points out the prominent role of trade network connections to understand regional inequalities in the EU over time and across sectors. This is shown to be relevant and increasing in time. The analysis calls for policies targeting national and regional productivity with the aim of limiting spatial polarization. This is essential because trade linkages, i.e. integration, are an essential determinant of disparities patterns in the EU.
A hybrid springback compensation method for geometry complexity in stamping
Authors: Gong Zhihui , Fang Bohao , Wei Dongbin
Published: February 2025

Springback compensation is a crucial approach to maintaining the accuracy of stamping parts with complex features. It has been challenging to determine the position of a characteristic point at the geometrical features during springback compensation. The currently available numerical approaches are not always sufficiently accurate and reliable, particularly when high-strength steels are increasingly used for lightweight structures. An enhanced hybrid method named springback path–displacement adjustment (SP-DA) method has been developed based on the well-known conventional displacement adjustment (DA) method to resolve the issue. A finite element method (FEM) model of stamping owning geometry complexity was established, and ST14F, BH300 and DP500, representing low, medium and high-strength steels, respectively, were selected for the study. Springback analyses were conducted, and the springback paths were acquired in the FEM simulation, based on which the spatial position of a node on the mesh of the compensation model was obtained using the SP-DA method. Its effectiveness was first verified numerically, and then, experiments were conducted to validate that the new SP-DA method could significantly increase the accuracy of springback compensation. Stamping of high-strength steels can benefit most from the proposed SP-DA method.