bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Gas Fueling of Spiral Galaxies in the Local Universe. I. The Effect of the Group Environment on Star Formation in Spiral Galaxies
Authors: Grootes M. W. , Tuffs R. J. , Popescu C. C. , Norberg P. , Robotham A. S. G. , Liske J. , Andrae E. , Baldry I. K. , Gunawardhana M. , Kelvin L. S. , Madore B. F. , Seibert M. , Taylor E. N. , Alpaslan M. , Brown M. J. I. , Cluver M. E. , Driver S. P. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Holwerda B. W. , Hopkins A. M. , Lopez-Sanchez A. R. , Loveday J. , Rushton M.
Published: February 2017

We quantify the effect of the galaxy group environment (for group masses of 1012.5–1014.0
M
⊙) on the current star formation rate (SFR) of a pure, morphologically selected sample of disk-dominated (i.e., late-type spiral) galaxies with redshift ≤0.13. The sample embraces a full representation of quiescent and star-forming disks with stellar mass M
* ≥ 109.5
M
⊙. We focus on the effects on SFR of interactions between grouped galaxies and the putative intrahalo medium (IHM) of their host group dark matter halos, isolating these effects from those induced through galaxy–galaxy interactions, and utilizing a radiation transfer analysis to remove the inclination dependence of derived SFRs. The dependence of SFR on M
* is controlled for by measuring offsets Δlog(ψ
*) of grouped galaxies about a single power-law relation in specific SFR,

, exhibited by non-grouped “field” galaxies in the sample. While a small minority of the group satellites are strongly quenched, the group centrals and a large majority of satellites exhibit levels of ψ
* statistically indistinguishable from their field counterparts, for all M
*, albeit with a higher scatter of 0.44 dex about the field reference relation (versus 0.27 dex for the field). Modeling the distributions in Δlog(ψ
*), we find that (i) after infall into groups, disk-dominated galaxies continue to be characterized by a similar rapid cycling of gas into and out of their interstellar medium shown prior to infall, with inflows and outflows of ∼1.5–5 x SFR and ∼1–4 x SFR, respectively; and (ii) the independence of the continuity of these gas flow cycles on M
* appears inconsistent with the required fueling being sourced from gas in the circumgalactic medium on scales of ∼100 kpc. Instead, our data favor ongoing fueling of satellites from the IHM of the host group halo on ∼Mpc scales, i.e., from gas not initially associated with the galaxies upon infall. Consequently, the color–density relation of the galaxy population as a whole would appear to be primarily due to a change in the mix of disk- and spheroid-dominated morphologies in the denser group environment compared to the field, rather than to a reduced propensity of the IHM in higher-mass structures to cool and accrete onto galaxies. We also suggest that the required substantial accretion of IHM gas by satellite disk-dominated galaxies will lead to a progressive reduction in the specific angular momentum of these systems, thereby representing an efficient secular mechanism to transform morphology from star-forming disk-dominated types to more passive spheroid-dominated types.
Limits on the Mass and Abundance of Primordial Black Holes from Quasar Gravitational Microlensing
Authors: Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Muñoz J. A. , Vives-Arias H. , Calderón-Infante J.
Published: February 2017

The idea that dark matter can be made of intermediate-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) in the 10 M
⊙ ≲ M ≲ 200 M
⊙ range has recently been reconsidered, particularly in the light of the detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO experiment. The existence of even a small fraction of dark matter in black holes should nevertheless result in noticeable quasar gravitational microlensing. Quasar microlensing is sensitive to any type of compact objects in the lens galaxy, to their abundance, and to their mass. We have analyzed optical and X-ray microlensing data from 24 gravitationally lensed quasars to estimate the abundance of compact objects in a very wide range of masses. We conclude that the fraction of mass in black holes or any type of compact objects is negligible outside of the 0.05 M
⊙ ≲ M ≲ 0.45 M
⊙ mass range and that it amounts to 20% ± 5% of the total matter, in agreement with the expected masses and abundances of the stellar component. Consequently, the existence of a significant population of intermediate-mass PBHs appears to be inconsistent with current microlensing observations. Therefore, primordial massive black holes are a very unlikely source of the gravitational radiation detected by LIGO.
The cyanide gland of the greenhouse millipede, Oxidus gracilis (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Pearsons Kirsten , Mikó István , Tooker John
Published: February 2017

Although the greenhouse millipede, Oxidus gracilis, is distributed worldwide, there is little work using modern tools to explore its morphology. We used confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to image the cyanide glands of Oxidus gracilis. Glands from adult millipedes were dissected out before imaging, and we were able to image glands of juveniles through the cuticle due to the strong autofluorescence of the gland extract. We can report that CLSM is a promising technique to non-invasively investigate the development and mechanisms of polydesmid cyanide glands.
Higher education distance learning and e-learning in prisons in Portugal
Authors: Moreira José-António , Reis-Monteiro Angélica , Machado Ana
Published: February 2017

Higher Education in Europe has undergone massive changes due to technological advancements and changes resulting from the Bologna Process, by which learning should be accessible for all regardless of social exclusion reasons, such as imprisonment. The resulting massification of access to Higher Education requires a flexible and inclusive training offer focused on the student. These are the primary aims of Distance Learning at the Open University of Portugal. The aim of this paper is to understand the viewpoints of twenty-six respondents (students, applicants to courses and senior rehabilitation technicians) on the reality of Higher Education in Distance Learning and e-Learning in a Portuguese prison. This study occurs in a context of a non-positivist paradigm, placing the emphasis on the perception of individuals through a qualitative methodology. The results obtained from interviews show that the education process has many weaknesses and limitations mostly due to the lack of facilities, educational and technological resources, and support from teachers. The conclusion is that it is essential to provide better conditions for prisoners to receive this type of education, as it can be an opportunity for obtaining professional qualification and for personal development, thus increasing their prospects of success in the future.

La enseñanza superior en Europa ha venido experimentando grandes transformaciones gracias a los avances tecnológicos y a los cambios derivados del proceso de Bolonia, que prevé la creación de condiciones para que todos tengan acceso al aprendizaje, independientemente de factores de exclusión social, como la reclusión. La subsiguiente masificación del acceso a la Enseñanza Superior exige una oferta educativa flexible, centrada en el estudiante e inclusiva: son estas las prioridades de la Educación a Distancia de la Universidade Aberta en Portugal. Este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer las impresiones de veintiséis individuos (estudiantes, candidatos a estudiantes y técnicos superiores de reeducación) sobre la realidad de la Enseñanza Superior en la modalidad de Educación a Distancia y aprendizaje virtual (e-Learning) en una cárcel portuguesa. Este estudio se encuadra en un paradigma no positivista y hace hincapié en la percepción de los individuos, recurriendo a una metodología de carácter cualitativo. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante entrevistas, revelan la existencia de enormes debilidades y limitaciones en el proceso educativo, debido, sobre todo, a la falta de instalaciones y medios, recursos pedagógicos y tecnológicos, y apoyo de los profesores. Se ha concluido que es fundamental crear mejores condiciones de asistencia a distancia en las cárceles, porque esta formación superior puede ser una oportunidad de cualificación profesional y desarrollo personal, que incrementa sus perspectivas de éxito en el futuro.
The use of social media and popular culture to advance cross-cultural understanding
Authors: Tuzel Sait , Hobbs Renee
Published: February 2017

Although we live in a global society, educators face many challenges in finding meaningful ways to connect students to people of other cultures. This paper offers a case study of a collaboration between teachers in the US and Turkey, where 7th grade students interacted with each other via online social media as a means to promote cultural understanding. In a close analysis of a single learning activity, we found that children had opportunities to share ideas informally through social media, using their digital voices to share meaning using online writing, posting of images and hyperlinks. This study found that students valued the opportunity to develop relationships with each other and generally engaged in sharing their common interests in Hollywood movies, actors, celebrities, videogames and television shows. However, not all teachers valued the use of popular culture as a means to find common ground. Indeed, teachers had widely differing perspectives of the value of this activity. Through informal communication about popular culture in a «Getting to Know You» activity, students themselves discovered that their common ground knowledge tended to be US-centric, as American students lacked access to Turkish popular culture. However, the learning activity enabled students themselves to recognize asymmetrical power dynamics that exist in global media culture.

Si bien vivimos en una sociedad global, los educadores se enfrentan a numerosos desafíos a la hora de hallar formas significativas de conectar a los alumnos con gente de otras culturas. Este artículo muestra un caso práctico de colaboración entre profesores de los Estados Unidos y Turquía, en el que alumnos de séptimo grado interactuaron entre sí a través de las redes sociales con el fin de promover la comprensión cultural. Al analizar una única actividad de aprendizaje hallamos que los alumnos tenían la oportunidad de compartir ideas informalmente a través de las redes sociales, usando su voz digital para compartir significados mediante la escritura online, publicación de imágenes e hipervínculos. Este estudio halló que los alumnos valoraban la oportunidad de relacionarse entre sí y tendían a compartir su interés común en películas de Hollywood, actores, famosos, videojuegos y programas de televisión. Sin embargo, no todos los profesores valoraban el uso de la cultura popular como medio para la búsqueda de puntos en común. En efecto, los profesores tenían perspectivas muy distintas sobre el valor de esta actividad. Mediante la comunicación informal en torno a la cultura popular en una actividad de conocimiento mutuo, los propios alumnos descubrieron que sus conocimientos en común tendían a estar centrados en los Estados Unidos, en tanto en cuanto los alumnos americanos no tenían acceso a la cultura popular turca. Sin embargo, la actividad de aprendizaje permitió a los propios alumnos reconocer las dinámicas de poder asimétrico que existen en la cultura mediática global.
Les espaces de médiation en maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles : une lecture par l’ethos
Authors: Beaucourt Christel , Kustosz Isabelle , Roux Laëtitia
Published: February 2017

Les Maisons de Santé Pluriprofessionnelles (MSP) sont présentées comme des lieux de transformation du rapport aux soins et à la patientèle, mais aussi professionnelle. Pour analyser l’action collective dans ces MSP, nous avons utilisé la théorie de la structuration et les travaux relevant de l’ Organization as Practice . Notre intérêt s’est plus particulièrement porté sur les « espaces de médiation » identifiés entre les cadres institués et les pratiques en action, c’est-à-dire situés entre structuré et structurant. Notre démarche est à la fois compréhensive et abductive. Nous mobilisons trois études de cas qui triangulent cinq types de matériaux (entretiens individuels et collectifs, observations, archives, données secondaires). Pour analyser ces médiations, nous avons eu recours au concept d’ethos. Il nous a permis d’interpréter les conduites, les comportements, les choix qui s’imbriquent et s’ajustent dans des situations professionnelles afin de s’adapter aux besoins des patients, des parties prenantes et du territoire. Il ressort que les Maisons de Santé Pluriprofessionnelles (MSP) sont produites sur la base d’un ethos du territoire et elles produisent en retour un ethos spécifique, un ethos professionnel, qui caractérise leurs professionnels de santé. L’ethos permet d’appréhender le mouvement permanent entre une logique de production et une logique productive. Il montre le travail perpétuel engagé par les acteurs pour reproduire, altérer ou transformer les règles ou les habitudes inhérentes à leurs activités, en fonction des situations qu’ils vivent. Nous proposons une lecture des espaces de médiation comme manière singulière « d’être en relation » dans les MSP. L’ethos professionnel qui en résulte relève d’une disposition à comprendre, intégrer et faire évoluer les besoins et ressources du territoire et l’implication des acteurs qui le composent dans une dynamique de « reconception » des pratiques de soin.
Early Postoperative Displacement of Combined Pelvic Ring Injury With Acetabular Fracture
Authors: Hess Arthur E. , Johal Herman S. , O'Toole Robert V. , Nascone Jason W.
Published: February 2017

Combined pelvic ring and acetabular injuries present a management challenge. The literature on this topic is scarce, with few outcomes studies available. This retrospective study assessed whether the incidence of postoperative displacement and loss of reduction is higher with combined injuries compared with isolated pelvic ring injuries and isolated acetabular fractures. The charts and radiographs of 33 patients with combined pelvic ring and acetabular fractures treated operatively during a 7-year period at a single institution were reviewed. Pelvic ring and acetabular displacements were measured during the early postoperative period and compared with final follow-up measurements (minimum 5 months after surgery). Measurements also were compared with those from isolated pelvic ring fractures (n=33) and isolated acetabular fractures (n=33). Groups were matched for injury pattern and were propensity-matched by age and Injury Severity Score. Patients with combined injuries and patients with isolated pelvic ring injuries had similar initial pelvic ring reductions on anteroposterior and outlet view radiographs. By final follow-up, the combined injury group had experienced significant additional pelvic ring displacement. The presence of combined injury was an independent risk factor for postoperative pelvic ring displacement. Initial postoperative acetabular displacement was higher in the combined injury group compared with the isolated acetabular fracture group (2.6±1.8 vs 1.1±1.1 mm). By final followup, apparent displacement decreased significantly for both groups. Patients with combined pelvic ring and acetabular fractures were more likely to have poorer acetabular reduction and additional displacement of the pelvic ring component during the postoperative period compared with patients with isolated injuries. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):163–168.]
Proximal Hamstring Tendinosis and Partial Ruptures
Authors: Startzman Ashley N. , Fowler Oliver , Carreira Dominic
Published: February 2017

Proximal hamstring tendinosis and partial hamstring origin ruptures are painful conditions of the proximal thigh and hip that may occur in the acute, chronic, or acute on chronic setting. Few publications exist related to their diagnosis and management. This systematic review discusses the incidence, treatment, and prognosis of proximal hamstring tendinosis and partial hamstring ruptures. Conservative treatment measures include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, rest, and ice. If these measures fail, platelet-rich plasma or shockwave therapy may be considered. When refractory to conservative management, these injuries may be treated with surgical debridement and hamstring reattachment. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e574–e582.]
Functional and Morphological Evaluation of Traumatized Eyes With Berlin's Edema Affecting the Macula Using mfERG, Microperimetry, and SD-OCT
Authors: Boss Joseph Daniel , Tosi Joaquin , Glybina Inna , Tewari Asheesh , Abrams Gary W.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe the structural and functional changes that occur in traumatic Berlin's edema involving the macula through assessment with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), microperimetry, fundus photography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective case series of five eyes from four patients with macular traumatic Berlin's edema. Patients underwent baseline mfERG (three eyes), MP1 microperimetry (three eyes), fundus photography (five eyes), and SD-OCT (five eyes).

RESULTS:

All eyes with Berlin's edema showed abnormal findings on baseline SD-OCT, including disruption and fragmentation of the inner segment/ outer segment layer. In two patients with unilateral blunt ocular trauma who underwent mfERG, there was complete loss of the foveal peak in affected eyes. All three eyes that underwent microperimetry showed depressed retinal sensitivity in the area of Berlin's edema.

CONCLUSION:

SD-OCT, microperimetry, and mfERG can be used to help diagnose, stratify traumatic severity, and follow structural and functional progression over time in patients with Berlin's edema.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:114–121.]
Clinical Features and Management of Subretinal Abscesses Secondary to Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Endogenous Endophthalmitis
Authors: Fortun Jorge , Modi Yasha S. , Bessette Angela , Heffez Jordan , Carvounis Petros , Petkovsek Daniel S. , Anderson Nicholas G. , Martin Daniel , Srivastava Sunil
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe the clinical features, management, and immediate outcomes of patients with subretinal abscesses secondary to methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) endogenous endophthalmitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Eleven eyes of seven patients were identified by retrospective chart review. Demographics, initial presentation, examination findings, imaging, cultures, treatments, and short-term outcomes were reviewed.

RESULTS:

Eleven eyes of seven patients presented with subretinal abscesses secondary to MRSA endogenous endophthalmitis. Four had history of recurrent MRSA infections or active soft-tissue ulceration. Six underwent vitreous tap for culture without growth. Three had positive blood cultures for MRSA. Six received empiric therapy with intravenous vancomycin, one received oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and six received intravitreal vancomycin. Consolidation of abscesses was seen within days of initial treatment. Visual outcomes were contingent on abscess location and time to initial treatment.

CONCLUSION:

Prompt diagnosis and systemic antibiotic therapy is paramount in the treatment of this rare presentation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:134–142.]
Preclinical Acute Ocular Safety Study of Combined Intravitreal Carboplatin and Etoposide Phosphate for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Mohney Brian G. , Elner Victor M. , Smith Andrew B. , Harbour J. William , Smith Brian D. , Musch David C. , Smith Stephen J.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To describe the ocular toxicity of intravitreal carboplatin and etoposide phosphate (VP16P) in Dutch-Belted rabbits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Twenty-two adult male Dutch-Belted rabbits (Cohort 1) each received a single, bilateral intravitreal injection (0.05 mL). For Cohort 1, safety was assessed via electroretinograms (ERGs) and ocular examination. Of nine total groups in Cohort 1, the first five received the following single agents: Group 1: normal saline; Group 2: VP16P 75 µg; Group 3: VP16P 100 µg; Group 4: carboplatin 4 µg; and Group 5: carboplatin 8 µg. Groups 6 through 9 received the following combination of carboplatin/ VP16P, respectively: Group 6: 8 µg/75 µg, Group 7: 8 µg/50 µg, Group 8: 4 µg/50 µg, and Group 9: 2 µg/25 µg. Cohort 2 consisted of 15 Dutch-Belted rabbits in seven groups (Groups 10 through 16), each receiving a single, bilateral intravitreal injection. For Cohort 2, safety was assessed via histopathology.

RESULTS:

Groups 2 through 8 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease (relative to Group 1) in at least one ERG waveform amplitude obtained 4 weeks postinjection (P< .05). Group 9 (carbo 2 µg/VP16P 25 µg) did not manifest ERG toxicity. Fundoscopic toxicity consisted of slight-to-moderate attenuation of vessels in rabbits receiving doses above carbo 4 µg/VP16P 50 µg. Histopathologic retinal toxicity (Cohort 2) was dose-dependent, ranging from full-thickness atrophy in rabbits receiving the highest dose to normal in rabbits receiving carbo 2 µg/VP16P 25 µg.

CONCLUSIONS:

Combined carboplatin and VP16P may be compatible for intravitreal injection therapy, and a single dose of 2 µg/25 µg appears to be safe in a rabbit model. These agents may be a safer alternative to intravitreal melphalan (Alkeran; GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, United Kingdom) for the treatment of vitreous seeds in retinoblastoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2017;48:151–159.]
Cultural Political System
Authors: Karan Kavita
Published: February 2017

The use of popular culture of music, dance, songs, theatre, videos and films for electioneering has been part of the Indian election process. Politics has been the narrative of Indian cinema since the beginning of century where political themes, political roles and political issues were exemplified through lead roles of politicians, enactment of political scenes, political satires and songs. This chapter examines the role of film artists in politics, popular political songs in films and campaign films that have expanded the levels of traditional and new media campaigning in India. Films and songs in the films glorify the country, arouse patriotism and whenever needed expose social issues such as high prices, corruption, feudalism, and other political issues. In the process, political campaign films became a way of marketing parties and candidates. This further characterizes the future of the political cultural system and the political economy of Indian cinema.
Fulfilling the Rate Demands
Authors: Saini Ravikant , De Swades
Published: February 2017

Mobile connectivity these days is no more a privilege but a basic necessity. This has led to exponentially-increasing data rate demands over the network, causing tremendous pressure to the access network service planners. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is being considered for resource allocation in higher generation communication networks, where spectrum efficiency improvement while fulfilling the users' data rate demands is a key aspect of interest. Normally resource allocation is considered from the viewpoint of users, with the users selecting their best available subcarriers. In this chapter, the resource allocation problem is approached from the subcarrier's perspective. Besides the conventional user-based scheme, a recent subcarrier-based shared resource allocation scheme is presented that selects the best user(s) for each subcarrier and assigns the subcarrier either to a single user or more than one user on time-shared basis according to their current SNRs. Unlike the user-based schemes, in the proposed scheme each user can contend for any subcarrier.
Design and Measurement Results for Cooperative Device to Device Communication
Authors: Gupta Naveen , Bohara Vivek Ashok , Singh Vibhutesh Kumar
Published: February 2017

In this chapter, the authors present the simulation and measurement results for direct and single hop device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols. The measurement results will further argument the development of D2D communication and will also help in understanding some of the intricate design issues which were overlooked during theoretical or computer simulations. The measurements were taken on a proof-of-concept experimental testbed by emulating a cellular scenario in which a Base station (BS) and many D2D enabled devices coordinate and communicate with each other to select an optimum communication range, transmit parameters, etc. A testbed (Multi-carrier) was developed using Software Defined radio which incorporates the concept of Spectrum Sharing through static sub-carrier allocation to D2D user by cellular system which will eventually enhance the performance of cellular as well as D2D communication system. Our purposed and deployed protocol have shown significant improvement in received Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) as compared to conventional direct transmission schemes.
Green Cognitive Relay Communications with Hardware Impairments for Future Wireless Networks
Authors: Jayakody Nalin Dushantha Kumara , Nguyen Dang Khoa
Published: February 2017

Wireless Power Transfer is a promising solution to increase the lifetime of wireless nodes and hence alleviate the energy bottleneck of energy constrained wireless networks. In this Chapter, we discuss two power transfer policies; dual-source and single fixed-source, two bidirectional relaying protocols; multiple access and time division broadcast, and two relay receiver structures; time switching and power splitting, are considered to derive closed-form expressions for the outage and throughput of the network in the context of delay-limited transmission. This framework assists the reader not only to quantify the degradation of outage probability and throughput of the networks due to the impairments of realistic transceiver but also to provide realistic insight into the effect of power transfer policies, relaying protocols and receiver structures on outage and throughput of the networks.
User-Oriented Intercell Interference Coordination in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets)
Authors: Liu Zhi , Dong Mianxiong , Zhou Hao , Wang Xiaoyan , Ji Yusheng , Tanaka Yoshiaki
Published: February 2017

HetNet is a hot research topic in the next generation broadband wireless access network and mitigating the intercell interference could improve the system throughput. Users care whether their requested data rates can be satisfied or not the most. Hence a user-centric intercell interference coordination scheme (i.e. resource allocation scheme considering user request) is necessary. In this paper, at each specific subframe, when users have data requests, the corresponding base station first selects which user to serve based on each user's ‘instant data rate', data rate request and capacity gained. Then given the users selected, a method is proposed to help choose which intercell interference coordination scheme to use in order to maximize the users' data rate satisfaction ratios. Intensive simulations are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves considerable gains over competing schemes in terms of the data rate satisfaction ratio and system capacity in Config.4b scenarios defined by 3GPP.
Energy Efficient Resource Allocation Scheme via Auction-Based Offloading in Next-Generation Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Bousia Alexandra
Published: February 2017

The focus of this chapter is centered on the network underutilization during low traffic periods (e.g., night zone), which enables the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to save energy by having their traffic served by third-party Small Cells (SCs), thus being able to switch off their Base Stations(BSs). In this chapter, a novel market approach is proposed to foster the opportunistic utilization of unexploited SCs capacity, where the MNOs lease the resources of third-party SCs and deactivate their BSs. Motivated by the conflicting interests of the MNOs and the restricted capacity of the SCs, we introduce a combinatorial auction framework. A multiobjective framework is formulated and a greedy auction algorithm is given to provide an energy efficient solution for the resource allocation problem within polynomial time. In addition, an extensive mathematical analysis is given for the calculation of the SCs cost, which is useful in the market framework. Finally, extended experimental results to estimate the potential energy and cost savings are provided.
The Integral of Spatial Data Mining in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay , Yi Chai , He Zhongshi
Published: February 2017

Data Mining (DM) is a rapidly expanding field in many disciplines, and it is greatly inspiring to analyze massive data types, which includes geospatial, image and other forms of data sets. Such the fast growths of data characterized as high volume, velocity, variety, variability, value and others that collected and generated from various sources that are too complex and big to capturing, storing, and analyzing and challenging to traditional tools. The SDM is, therefore, the process of searching and discovering valuable information and knowledge in large volumes of spatial data, which draws basic principles from concepts in databases, machine learning, statistics, pattern recognition and 'soft' computing. Using DM techniques enables a more efficient use of the data warehouse. It is thus becoming an emerging research field in Geosciences because of the increasing amount of data, which lead to new promising applications. The integral SDM in which we focused in this chapter is the inference to geospatial and GIS data.
Social Media as Mirror of Society
Authors: Manzoor Amir
Published: February 2017

Over the last decade, social media use has gained much attention of scholarly researchers. One specific reason of this interest is the use of social media for communication; a trend that is gaining tremendous popularity. Every social media platform has developed its own set of application programming interface (API). Through these APIs, the data available on a particular social media platform can be accessed. However, the data available is limited and it is difficult to ascertain the possible conclusions that can be drawn about society on the basis of this data. This chapter explores the ways social researchers and scientists can use social media data to support their research and analysis.
Predictive Analysis for Digital Marketing Using Big Data
Authors: Balusamy Balamurugan , Jha Priya , Arasi Tamizh , Velu Malathi
Published: February 2017

Big data analytics in recent years had developed lightning fast applications that deal with predictive analysis of huge volumes of data in domains of finance, health, weather, travel, marketing and more. Business analysts take their decisions using the statistical analysis of the available data pulled in from social media, user surveys, blogs and internet resources. Customer sentiment has to be taken into account for designing, launching and pricing a product to be inducted into the market and the emotions of the consumers changes and is influenced by several tangible and intangible factors. The possibility of using Big data analytics to present data in a quickly viewable format giving different perspectives of the same data is appreciated in the field of finance and health, where the advent of decision support system is possible in all aspects of their working. Cognitive computing and artificial intelligence are making big data analytical algorithms to think more on their own, leading to come out with Big data agents with their own functionalities.
Strategic Best-in-Class Performance for Voice to Customer
Authors: Roy Supriyo , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2017

For any forward-looking perspective, organizational information which is typically historical, incomplete and most of the time inaccurate, needs to be enriched with external information. However, traditional systems and approaches are slow, inflexible and cannot handle new volume and complexity of information. Big data, an evolving term, basically refers to voluminous amount of structured, semi-structured or unstructured information in the form of data with a potential to be mined for ‘best in class information'. Primarily, big data can be categorized by 3V's: volume, variety and velocity. Recent hype around big data concepts predicts that it will help companies to improve operations and makes faster and intelligent decisions. Considering the complexities in realms of supply chain, in this study, an attempt has been made to highlight the problems in storing data in any business, especially under Indian scenario where logistics arena is most unstructured and complicated. Conclusion may be significant to any strategic decision maker / manager working with distribution and logistics.
On Development of a Fuzzy Stochastic Programming Model with Its Application to Business Management
Authors: Biswas Animesh , De Arnab Kumar
Published: February 2017

This chapter expresses efficiency of fuzzy goal programming for multiobjective aggregate production planning in fuzzy stochastic environment. The parameters of the objectives are taken as normally distributed fuzzy random variables and the chance constraints involve joint Cauchy distributed fuzzy random variables. In model formulation process the fuzzy chance constrained programming model is converted into its equivalent fuzzy programming using probabilistic technique, a-cut of fuzzy numbers and taking expectation of parameters of the objectives. Defuzzification technique of fuzzy numbers is used to find multiobjective linear programming model. Membership function of each objective is constructed depending on their optimal values. Afterwards a weighted fuzzy goal programming model is developed to achieve the highest degree of each of the membership goals to the extent possible by minimizing group regrets in a multiobjective decision making context. To explore the potentiality of the proposed approach, production planning of a health drinks manufacturing company has been considered.
A Comparative Investigation of Structural Performance of Typical and Non-Ducitle Public RC Buildings Strengthened Using Friction Dampers and RC Walls
Authors: Akpinar Erkan , Ersin Seckin
Published: February 2017

Strengthening of non-ductile public buildings is a never-ending issue. Selection of the suitable strengthening method and appropriate analysis type for the assessment of pre- and the post-intervention performances are still open to question. The displacement or drift limitations are crucial as well as demand capacity ratios for determination of such buildings performance under severe ground motion. In this chapter, an investigation of seismic performance focused on displacement criterion of strengthened non-ductile public RC buildings in Turkey is presented. Both the nonlinear static and response history analysis were conducted. Friction dampers which are fairly modern technique and conventional RC wall implementation method were introduced to as-is building. For the simplicity and the easy of the process, 2D frame selected for investigation. Comparison of the aforementioned techniques for non-ductile public RC buildings and performances particularly by means of displacement obtained using different methods for those investigated schemes are carried out and presented in the chapter.
Dynamic Stability and Post-Critical Processes of Slender Auto-Parametric Systems
Authors: Náprstek Jiří , Fischer Cyril
Published: February 2017

High-rise structures exposed to a strong vertical component of an earthquake excitation are endangered by auto-parametric resonance effect. While in a sub-critical state, the vertical and horizontal response components are independent. Exceeding a certain limit causes the vertical response to lose stability and induces dominant horizontal response. This effect is presented using two mathematical models: (1) the non-linear lumped mass model; and (2) the one dimensional model with continuously distributed parameters. Analytical and numerical treatment of both leads to three different types of the response: (1) semi-trivial sub-critical state with zero horizontal response component; (2) post-critical state (auto-parametric resonance) with a periodic or attractor type chaotic character; and (3) breaking through a certain limit, the horizontal response exponentially rises and leads to a collapse. Special attention is paid to transition from a semi-trivial to post-critical state in case of time limited excitation period as it concerns the seismic processes.
A Framework and Case Study for the Resilience of Infrastructures
Authors: Golara Ali
Published: February 2017

This chapter defines resilience in different contexts comprehensively, and organizes the mathematical theory of network resilience by providing a generalization in order to create a quantitative framework for resilience characterization of an infrastructure network. At this point, a new performance index measuring delivery importance was employed for an applied purpose and an industrial example using realistic data was solved to evaluate the resilience of the entire network. It can be utilized for any type of hazard which might lead to the disruption of the system. The principles and theory in this study can also be applied to other infrastructures that are interconnected and operate as a network, such as transporting systems, electrical power, water supply and distribution systems.
The Role of Engineers and Their Tools in the Transport Sector after Paradigm Change
Authors: Knoflacher Hermann
Published: February 2017

On the contrary to other fields of human progress, transport is creating more problems with increasing wealth. Congestion, traffic victims, noise and air pollution are direct unwanted effects, not been solved so far. The cause is the lack of system understanding in the professional world. the existing paradigm in Transport is based on assumptions and extrapolations and not on solid science. The new scientific based paradigm, need also new tools for the sustainable future of transport and cities.
Cycling Related Mental Barriers in Decision Makers
Authors: Brezina Tadej , Fernandez Alberto Castro
Published: February 2017

Cycling is increasingly being implemented as a viable option for sustainable mobility in transport master plans from the local to the regional and even national level. However, when the implementation of actual measures is nearing the final stage, often mental barriers of decision-makers surface. These mental barriers refer to the resistance to innovation adoption, a phenomenon well documented in the social sciences. In our policy debate we use a list of factors that dissuade people from cycling from the literature to derive a classification of mental barriers in legislation, planning and infrastructure. Mental barriers have an influence on out-turn cycling levels and we provide exemplary evidence from Austria. The nature of these barriers, including the ‘vicious cycle of mental barrier construction', is explored, before identifying two possible approaches to reduce, or even eliminate mental barriers. These approaches are: social pressure upon and self-experience by decision-makers.
Comparative Analysis of Public Transport Users' Perception Targeting Sustainable Transportation
Authors: Murat Yetis Sazi , Cakici Ziya
Published: February 2017

Public transport is one of the main actors of sustainable transportation. To make an increase in the use of public transport systems and a decrease in private car usage are one of the main purposes of decision makers in many countries. Usage of public transport system has a strong relation with the quality of service. Service quality includes many parameters such as comfort, frequency, information system etc. Fare is another important parameter on demand for public transport systems. All of these parameters are varied by users' perceptions. This study focuses on public transport systems of Denizli, Turkey and investigates users' perceptions. Bus and paratransit (minibus) modes are regarded in the study. The public survey is performed for these modes. In the surveys, different questions have been asked to participants. Answer of each question is evaluated separately and distribution of each question for gender, ages and jobs are analyzed. Results obtained are summarized and discussed.
Effect of a Motorway on Development of Accidents in a Big City
Authors: Knoflacher Hermann
Published: February 2017

Traditional transport practice and science call motorways as safe roads since the accident rate (accidents per 1 million vehicle kilometres) is lower than on ordinary roads. This is based on the scientific inadmissible comparison. Similar, but not comparable things, are compared: the accident situation of two different kinds of transport systems, which are basically different not only in its construction elements, but also in operation condition, their environments and the composition of their users. All of them are different. To compare, comparability is a necessary precondition. If we take this into consideration we can recognize, that the existing contradiction between accident-research-results and physics can be removed. Systems with a higher speed have a higher risk. But these facts are continuously neglected by traditional educated practitioners: they cling to their myths. One of them is “Since the number of accidents per kilometer driven on motorways is less than on other roads, motorways are safer roads.”
Multi-Modal Assessment of Highway Performance
Authors: Mailer Markus
Published: February 2017

This chapter presents a multi-modal method for the assessment of highway performance. It is derived by extending a traditional assessment concept step by step taking into account the capacity and quality of different modes on the road as well as in the corridor. It defines an appropriate performance target and explains why a multi-modal concept has to consider transport demand in persons and goods rather than traffic volumes in vehicle units. It is shown that the concept allows for different options and measures to improve traffic quality and so supports the efficient use of existing infrastructure and the effective allocation of limited funds.
Middleware Architecture Using SOA System
Authors: Mudgal Praveen Kumar , Singh Shailendra , Kushwah Sanjay Singh
Published: February 2017

The developer attracted to Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) because it offers so many advantages almost covers all fields. The resource linking on demand is the basis of enterprise-scale IT architecture. The SOA resources are available to the user according to user specification. This partition is based on value net, enterprises, line of business. This chapter talks about Middleware Architecture and Service Oriented architecture (SOA).This capabilities of the SOA is useful for different application domains. Visibility, communication, and effects reflect major notion for explaining the SOA model. Chapter also covers the assumption related to system execution modeling tools and the significance of security architecture for SOA -based IoT middleware system. The chapter concludes with Concept of oracle fusion middleware.
Analytics-as-a-Service (AaaS)
Authors: Verma Chitresh , Pandey Rajiv
Published: February 2017

Big Data Analytics is a major branch of data science where the huge amount raw data is processed to get insight for relevant business processes. Integration of big data, its analytics along with Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is need of the hour, such integration shall render reusability and scalability to various business processes. This chapter explains the concept of Big Data and Big Data Analytics at its implementation level. The Chapter further describes Hadoop and its technologies which are one of the popular frameworks for Big Data Analytics and envisage integrating SOA with relevant case studies. The chapter demonstrates the SOA integration with Big Data through, two case studies of two different scenarios are incorporated that integrates real world implementation with theory and enables better understanding of the industrial level processes and practices.
Securities Perspective in ESB-Like XML-Based Attacks
Authors: Gupta Ayush , Verma Ravinder
Published: February 2017

In today's world where technology drastically changing and we supposed to believe that layer 7 protocol HTTP(s) is sufficient from the security perspective. But it's not, malicious user or hackers are so prudent in their attacks that most of the breaches occurs at layer 7 i.e. HTTP/HTTPS. And XML based attacks either of XML parser attack, XML generator attack or XXE Denial of service attack etc. are all comes in the first place of OWASP TOP 10 vulnerability. HTTPS connection is not sufficient enough to stop masqueraders or attackers, as XML injection or XSS attack doesn't care about the encryption of data as it deals with the scripts mainly. ESB where considered as pluggable device where all the existing systems or IT infrastructure devices can be exposed to new applications and cut the time and cost by implementing this. But data travels on the bus is always be preferred on XML and here it's all security & privacy issues comes into picture and the same has been highlighted in this chapter throughout.
Service Cluster Approach in Enterprise Service Bus
Authors: K Jayashree , Ramalingam Chithambaramani
Published: February 2017

Enterprise Service Bus is an infrastructure to facilitate Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). SOA has gained a lot of attention over the most recent years and has become the de-facto standard for web application and software component integration. Web services are the prominent model for interoperable applications across heterogeneous systems and electronic business which use SOA and it has been used in various applications. The web services available on the web is increasing day by day, hence web service discovery is becoming a difficult and time consuming task. To discover services, clustering web services is an efficient approach. It is also necessary to compose several web services in order to achieve the user's goal. The chapter presents the background of web services and the various data mining techniques used for clustering web services. The chapter presents the various web services clustering method and the related work that discusses the various techniques to cluster the web services will also be addressed.
Data Analysis for Potential Reach Using Elasticsearch
Authors: Chaudhari Nikhil
Published: February 2017

Elasticsearch has become an attractive open-source search and analytics engine for use cases such as log analytics, click stream analytics and real-time application monitoring. As a service, Elasticsearch is made available by Amazon Web services, Searchly.com, Bonsai and many other websites as a hosted engine. This hosted Elasticsearch service is known as Elastic Cloud. The aim of AWS (Amazon Web Services) is to provide Elasticsearch as a service to users. These web services can implement Service-oriented Architecture. In the following chapter Potential Reach is aggregated using the server. Potential Reach is a metric that indicates the reach of an online activity like tweet or comment. This number helps media marketers track the success of the brand or company.
Efficient Storage Mechanisms for Internet of Things Solutions in ESB
Authors: Perl Ivan A.
Published: February 2017

This chapter dedicated to analysis of various types of data produced or processed by Internet of Things solution with ESB architecture accent. Since Internet of Things platforms are mostly focused on gathering and processing big amounts of data, to keep such solutions efficient it is important to design and create efficient storage mechanism that will not became a bottle-neck for the whole system performance. Taking into account types of data to be stored or processed, in the chapter designed an option for building efficient storage mechanism for Internet of Things solution that flexibly fits various data requirements.