bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy-Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Network Coding
Authors: Kanakala Srinivas , Ananthula Venugopal Reddy , Vempaty Prashanthi
Published: October 2014

In mobile ad hoc networks, all nodes are energy constrained. In such situations, it is important to reduce energy consumption. In this paper, we consider the issues of energy efficient communication in MANETs using network coding. Network coding is an effective method to improve the performance of wireless networks. COPE protocol implements network coding concept to reduce number of transmissions by mixing the packets at intermediate nodes. We incorporate COPE into cluster based routing protocol to further reduce the energy consumption. The proposed energy-efficient coding-aware cluster based routing protocol (ECCRP) scheme applies network coding at cluster heads to reduce number of transmissions. We also modify the queue management procedure of COPE protocol to further improve coding opportunities. We also use an energy efficient scheme while selecting the cluster head. It helps to increase the life time of the network. We evaluate the performance of proposed energy efficient cluster based protocol using simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed ECCRP algorithm reduces energy consumption and increases life time of the network.
Influence of Material Compressibility on Displacement Solution for Structural Steel Plate Applications
Authors: Aleksandrova Nelli
Published: October 2014

Displacement field calculations are necessary for many structural steel engineering problems such as cold expansion of holes, embedment of bolts and rivets, and installation and maintenance of external devices. To this end, rigorous closed form analytical displacement solution is obtained for structural steel open-hole plates with in-plane loading. The material of the model is considered to be elastic perfectly plastic obeying the von Mises yield criterion with its associated flow rule. On the basis of this solution, two simplified engineering formulae are proposed and carefully discussed for practical engineering purposes. Graphical representations of results show validity of each formula as compared with rigorous solution and other studies.
Data Transformation for Confidence Interval Improvement: An Application to the Estimation of Stress-Strength Model Reliability
Authors: Barbiero Alessandro
Published: October 2014

In many statistical applications, it is often necessary to obtain an interval estimate for an unknown proportion or probability or, more generally, for a parameter whose natural space is the unit interval. The customary approximate two-sided confidence interval for such a parameter, based on some version of the central limit theorem, is known to be unsatisfactory when its true value is close to zero or one or when the sample size is small. A possible way to tackle this issue is the transformation of the data through a proper function that is able to make the approximation to the normal distribution less coarse. In this paper, we study the application of several of these transformations to the context of the estimation of the reliability parameter for stress-strength models, with a special focus on Poisson distribution. From this work, some practical hints emerge on which transformation may more efficiently improve standard confidence intervals in which scenarios.
Comparison of Anterior Segment Measurements with Scheimpflug/Placido Photography-Based Topography System and IOLMaster Partial Coherence Interferometry in Patients with Cataracts
Authors: Huang Jinhai , Liao Na , Savini Giacomo , Bao Fangjun , Yu Ye , Lu Weicong , Hu Qingjie , Wang Qinmei
Published: October 2014

Purpose. To assess the consistency of anterior segment measurements obtained using a Sirius Scheimpflug/Placido photography-based topography system (CSO, Italy) and IOLMaster partial coherence interferometry (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) in eyes with cataracts.Methods. A total of 90 eyes of 90 patients were included in this prospective study. The anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry (K), corneal astigmatism axis, and white to white (WTW) values were randomly measured three times with Sirius and IOLMaster. Concordance between them was assessed by calculating 95% limits of agreement (LoA).Results. The ACD and K taken with the Sirius were statistically significantly higher than that taken with the IOLMaster; however, the Sirius significantly underestimated the WTW values compared with the IOLMaster. Good agreement was found for Km and ACD measurements, with 95% LoA of −0.20 to 0.54 mm and −0.16 to 0.34 mm, respectively. Poor agreement was observed for astigmatism axis and WTW measurements, as the 95% LoA was −23.96 to 23.36° and −1.15 to 0.37 mm, respectively.Conclusion. With the exception of astigmatism axis and WTW, anterior segment measurements taken by Sirius and IOLMaster devices showed good agreement and may be used interchangeably in patients with cataracts.
Molecular Markers and Cotton Genetic Improvement: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Malik Waqas , Ashraf Javaria , Iqbal Muhammad Zaffar , Ali Khan Asif , Qayyum Abdul , Ali Abid Muhammad , Noor Etrat , Qadir Ahmad Muhammad , Hasan Abbasi Ghulam
Published: October 2014

Narrow genetic base and complex allotetraploid genome of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) is stimulating efforts to avail required polymorphism for marker based breeding. The availability of draft genome sequence ofG. raimondiiandG. arboreumand next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies facilitated the development of high-throughput marker technologies in cotton. The concepts of genetic diversity, QTL mapping, and marker assisted selection (MAS) are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium, association mapping, and genomic selection, respectively. The objective of the current review is to analyze the pace of evolution in the molecular marker technologies in cotton during the last ten years into the following four areas: (i) comparative analysis of low- and high-throughput marker technologies available in cotton, (ii) genetic diversity in the available wild and improved gene pools of cotton, (iii) identification of the genomic regions within cotton genome underlying economic traits, and (iv) marker based selection methodologies. Moreover, the applications of marker technologies to enhance the breeding efficiency in cotton are also summarized. Aforementioned genomic technologies and the integration of several other omics resources are expected to enhance the cotton productivity and meet the global fiber quantity and quality demands.
Allelic Variation of Wheat Flour Allergens in a Collection of Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Nigro D. , Giove S. L. , Fortunato S. , Incerti O. , Zacheo S. A. , Blanco A. , Gadaleta A.
Published: October 2014

Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world and provides 20% of the daily protein and food calories for 4.5 billion people. Together with rice, it is the most important food crop in the developing world. In the last decades, various symptoms have been recorded across the population due to the consumption of wheat products, also summarized as “wheat allergy.” Wheat allergy is usually reported as a food allergy but can also be a contact allergy as a result of exposure to wheat. Several important wheat allergens have been characterized in the last years through biochemical, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. In the present work, the identification of allelic variation of genes involved in wheat allergy was reported. A collection of wheat genotypes was screened in order to identify new alleles. A total of 14 new alleles were identified forprofilin, triosephosphate-isomerase, dehydrin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase,α/βgliadin, GluB3-23,andGlutathione transferaseallergen genes (located on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 6A, and homoelogous groups 5 and 7), potentially related to a minor allergenicity and useful in breeding programs.
Using Celecoxib for the Suppression of Preterm Labor Instead of Magnesium Sulfate
Authors: Saadati Najmieh , Moramezi Farideh , Cheraghi Maria , Sokhray Laila
Published: October 2014

We aimed to use celecoxib to suppress preterm labor instead magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to prevent preterm labor.Methods.It was a randomized clinical trial study, which was done on 600 pregnant women. All subjects were divided into two groups by simple random sampling. One group was given 4 grams of MgSO4intravenously and second group was given 100 mg of celecoxib orally every 12 hours for at least 2 days. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 11 and performed usingt-test and chi-square test.Results.The finding of this study has shown that preterm labor may be prevented in 75.7% of subjects who had received celecoxib and there were no significant difference between two groups in frequency of history of preterm labor (P=1), frequencies of nulliparity (P=0.99), duration of drug use and arrest contraction (P=0.29), delivery before 48 hours (P=0.20), and mean gestational age in lack of response to treatment (P=0.24).Conclusions.Result has shown that celecoxib was similar to MgSO4as a medication to prevent preterm labor; it was recommended to be prescribe to prevent preterm labor, because it was cheaper than magnesium sulfate.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Mammary Analog Secretory Carcinoma Masquerading as Low-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Bajaj Jaya , Gimenez Cecilia , Slim Farah , Aziz Mohamed , Das Kasturi
Published: October 2014

Background/Aim: The primary role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of salivary gland masses is to determine the underlying process and guide further management. The objective of our study is to provide a comprehensive review of cytologic features and ancillary studies of mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC), discuss differential diagnosis and review recent advances in the understanding of its biologic behavior. Case: A 23-year-old female underwent ultrasound-guided FNA of a slowly enlarging parotid mass. Smears displayed branching clusters of bland vacuolated polygonal cells in a secretory proteinaceous background. Eosinophilic cells with eccentric nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli were also noted. Based on positive intracellular mucin staining and the lack of extracellular-matrix material, the cytologic diagnosis rendered was ‘suspicious for low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma'. Superficial parotidectomy revealed an MASC confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies for ETV6 translocation. Conclusion: MASC should be included in the differential diagnosis of mucinous salivary lesions with cystic changes on FNA. Immunohistochemistry for mammaglobin and S-100 helps in excluding morphologic mimics. FISH helps to confirm the diagnosis. Age alone should not be a deterrent in diagnosing a carcinoma.
Trends in Fatty Acid Intake of Adults in the Minneapolis‐St Paul, MN Metropolitan Area, 1980–1982 Through 2007–2009
Authors: Honors Mary Ann , Harnack Lisa J. , Zhou Xia , Steffen Lyn M.
Published: October 2014

Background

Intake of dietary fatty acids has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk. However, data available to evaluate trends in fatty acid intake in the
US
population are limited, particularly with regard to
trans
fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (
DHA
), and eicosapentaenoic acid (
EPA
).

Methods and Results

The present analysis examined trends in fatty acid intake from 1980–1982 through 2007–2009 and compared levels of intake to those recommended in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and by the American Heart Association. Twenty‐four‐hour dietary recalls were collected from 12 526 participants enrolled in the Minnesota Heart Survey, a series of 6 independent cross‐sectional surveys designed to monitor cardiovascular risk factors in noninstitutionalized adults residing in the Minneapolis‐St Paul,
MN
metropolitan area. Mean intake estimates were generated for each survey, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to test the null hypothesis of no difference in the age‐adjusted, sex‐specific means across survey years. Downward trends were observed for total, saturated, and
trans
fat as a percent of total energy in both men and women. However, mean intakes were still above recommended levels for both
trans
and saturated fatty acids. Mean intakes of
DHA
and
EPA
were also below recommended levels.

Conclusions

Despite promising trends, mean intakes of
trans
and saturated fatty acids do not meet current recommendations. Additional public health strategies are needed to promote recommended intakes of dietary fats.
From Chahine’s al-Iskandariyya … leh to Salata baladi and ʿAn Yahud Misr
Authors: Shemer Yaron
Published: October 2014

This study examines the discursive trajectories of the cosmopolitan Egyptian Jew in the documentaries Salata baladi (Nadia Kamel, 2007) and ‘An Yahud Misr (Amir Ramses, 2012) in light of Youssef Chahine’s classic al-Iskandariyya … leh (1978). Undoubtedly, each of these films provides a complex story of Jewish life in Egypt and, taken together, these creative works offer an alternative to formulaic representations of Jews in Egyptian cinema and television. Yet, a close analysis of the three films reveals an underlying problematic rendering of cosmopolitanism in the context of the Egyptian Jewish community. Arguably, the filmmakers’ main interest in attending to the Jewish question relates more to nostalgic views of Egyptianness (of the pre-1952 Revolution era) as a cosmopolitan, multiethnic and multi-religious identity, than to a genuine interest in Jewish life, history and religion. In other words, the limited and skewed view of the Jewish community, with its near exclusion of the poor, uneducated, monolingual and religiously traditional Jewish residents of Egypt, is driven primarily by anxieties about Egyptian identity in which cosmopolitan Jews are assigned a supporting role in the play of an idealized Egypt of the past and in challenging xenophobic sentiments in the present.
Cololejeunea nanhutashanensis (Lejeuneaceae), a new species from Taiwan
Authors: Yang Jia-Dong , Lin Shan-Hsiung
Published: October 2014

Cololejeunea nanhutashanensis is described as a new species from Taiwan. The new taxon is included in subgenus Cololejeunea (Spruce) Schiffner, and characterized mainly by its ovate to broadly ovate leaves with obtuse apex; large leaf lobule, 2/3–3/4 of lobe length; lobule with 2 teeth, separated by 2–4 cells from each other; stylus 5–16 cells long, 1–3 seriate; leaf cells thin-walled with large trigones and hemispherical dorsal protrusions; androecia terminal on short lateral branches with male bracts in 3–5 pairs; female bracts large, bract lobule almost as long as bract lobe; perianth obovate to oblong, 5-keeled, with dorsal protrusions on upper 1/3 surface. Its main characters are illustrated, and its distinction from other closely related consubgeneric species is discussed.
Self Psychology as a Shift Away from the Paranoid Strain in Classical Analytic Theory
Authors: Terman David M.
Published: October 2014

Classical psychoanalytic theory has a paranoid strain. There is, in effect, an “evil other”—the id—within each individual that must be tamed in development and confronted and worked through as resistance in treatment. This last has historically endgendered an adversarial relationship between patient and analyst. This paranoid strain came from a paranoid element in Freud’s personality that affected his worldview, his relationships, and his theory. Self psychology offers a different view of development and conflict. It stresses the child’s need for responsiveness from and admiration of caretakers in order to develop a well-functioning self. Though severe behavioral and character problems may result from faults in the process of self-construciton, the essentiial need is not instinctual discharge but connection. Hence the long-assumed opposition between individual needs and social institutions or between patient and analyst is no longer inevitable or universal. Rather, an understanding of the primary need for connection creates both a different interpretive stance and a more cooperative ambience. These changes in theory and technique are traced to Kohut’s personal struggles to emancipate himself from his paranoid mother.
Mechanical response of shape memory alloy–based hybrid composite subjected to low-velocity impacts
Authors: Pinto Fulvio , Meo Michele
Published: October 2014

One of the most common problems with composite materials is their low resistance to impacts with foreign objects because of their tendency to dissipate impact energy through internal delamination, weakening a large area of the structure. One of the possible solutions to increase impact resistance is to use of shape memory alloy wires in order to exploit their unique superelastic behaviour and the hysteresis that characterises their stress–strain curves. In this study, composite laminates were hybridised by embedding a network of shape memory alloy within the laminate structure and were subjected to low-velocity impact in order to analyse their response in comparison with a traditional composite. Ultrasonic C-scan analysis was undertaken on the samples after the impact in order to estimate the extension of the internal delamination. Results show that the shape memory alloy wires embedded in the laminate are able to absorb a large amount of energy, reducing the extension of the internal delamination.
Hamman and Boerhaave syndromes – diagnostic dilemmas in a patient presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum: a case report
Authors: Buchanan Gordon M , Franklin Vivian
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Hyperemesis gravidarum describes persistent vomiting leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. It is the commonest reason for admission in the first half of pregnancy. We describe a case of Hamman syndrome secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum. We also discuss Boerhaave syndrome: a particularly rare condition with only a handful of cases being described in the literature.

Case presentation

A 17 year old admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum was diagnosed with Hamman syndrome after complaining of chest pain due to the presence of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum on chest radiograph. She was treated conservatively for potential ruptured oesophagus but then self-discharged against medical advice.

Conclusion

Subcutaneous emphysema is an alarming finding in any pregnancy and should be treated in a timely and cautious manner. This case report adds weight to the previous literature advocating a conservative versus surgical approach to the management of a woman with Hamman syndrome secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum.
Choreographing Embedded Dialogue in Biblical Narratives
Authors: Matthews Victor H.
Published: October 2014

The biblical narrative is filled with embedded conversations. Positioning theory and conversation analysis are aids in interpreting embedded dialogues within biblical narrative. They contribute to an understanding of how shifts in position by dialogue partners also contribute to a shift in identity. In this way the story-teller enlivens the characters function within the narrative by having them attempt to create new or expanded identities for themselves. Three examples are provided that demonstrate this narrative strategy: the story of Amnon and Tamar (2 Sam 13:1–19), the diatribe by Shimei against David (2 Sam 16:5–10), and the conversation between Jethro and Moses (Exod 18:13–27).
Jesus at Age 30: Further Evidence for Luke's Portrait of a Priestly Jesus?
Authors: Wenkel David H.
Published: October 2014

This study examines Luke's identification of Jesus' age at the beginning of his ministry as “about thirty years of age” in Luke 3:23. Why did Luke include this detail, and why did he round off the age to the number thirty? This study argues that the age of thirty takes on significance when it is read against historical parallels and Israel's destiny to be a kingdom of priests, and against Jewish ideas about priesthood. Jesus' age provides proleptic evidence that he will eclipse and fulfill all of God's demands upon Israel.
Volumetric glioma quantification: comparison of manual and semi-automatic tumor segmentation for the quantification of tumor growth
Authors: Odland Audun , Server Andres , Saxhaug Cathrine , Breivik Birger , Groote Rasmus , Vardal Jonas , Larsson Christopher , Bjørnerud Atle
Published: October 2014

Background

Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now widely available and routinely used in the evaluation of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Ideally, volumetric measurements should be included in this evaluation. However, manual tumor segmentation is time-consuming and suffers from inter-observer variability. Thus, tools for semi-automatic tumor segmentation are needed.

Purpose

To present a semi-automatic method (SAM) for segmentation of HGGs and to compare this method with manual segmentation performed by experts. The inter-observer variability among experts manually segmenting HGGs using volumetric MRIs was also examined.

Material and Methods

Twenty patients with HGGs were included. All patients underwent surgical resection prior to inclusion. Each patient underwent several MRI examinations during and after adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Three experts performed manual segmentation. The results of tumor segmentation by the experts and by the SAM were compared using Dice coefficients and kappa statistics.

Results

A relatively close agreement was seen among two of the experts and the SAM, while the third expert disagreed considerably with the other experts and the SAM. An important reason for this disagreement was a different interpretation of contrast enhancement as either surgically-induced or glioma-induced. The time required for manual tumor segmentation was an average of 16 min per scan. Editing of the tumor masks produced by the SAM required an average of less than 2 min per sample.

Conclusion

Manual segmentation of HGG is very time-consuming and using the SAM could increase the efficiency of this process. However, the accuracy of the SAM ultimately depends on the expert doing the editing. Our study confirmed a considerable inter-observer variability among experts defining tumor volume from volumetric MRIs.
Effect of inhalational anaesthetic on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following radical rectal resection in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tang Ni , Ou Cehua , Liu Yulin , Zuo Yunxia , Bai Yipping
Published: October 2014

Aims

To determine the effect of choice of inhalational anaesthetic (sevoflurane vs propofol) on the incidence and severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Elderly patients with MCI undergoing radical rectal resection were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane or propofol general anaesthesia. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing before and 7 days after surgery. POCD severity was graded as mild, moderate or severe using standard deviation cut-offs.

Results

At 7 days after surgery, the incidence of POCD was 29.7% in the propofol group ( n = 101) and 33.3% in the sevoflurane group ( n = 99). There was a signiﬁcant between-group difference for POCD severity: sevoflurane anaesthesia had a more severe impact on cognitive function than propofol anaesthesia.

Conclusions

There was no difference in the incidence of POCD at 7 days after radical rectal resection under sevoflurane or propofol-based general anaesthesia. Both propofol and sevoflurane were associated with negative cognitive effects, but sevoflurane had a more severe impact on cognitive function than propofol, in elderly patients with MCI.
Tumour and lymph node uptakes on dual-phased 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography correlate with prognostic parameters in breast cancer
Authors: Chang Chin-Chuan , Tu Hung-Pin , Chen Yu-Wen , Lin Chia-Yang , Hou Ming-Feng
Published: October 2014

Objectives

To examine correlations between the uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) by primary tumours and axillary lymph nodes, and clinical and biological tumour prognostic parameters, in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods

Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who had received a dual-phased FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan for pretreatment staging were enrolled retrospectively. Maximal standardized uptake values at 1 h (SUV1), 2 h (SUV2), and retention indices (RI) of the tumours and ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were measured. SUV and RI were compared with clinical and biological prognostic parameters.

Results

A total of 32 patients participated in the study. Tumour FDG uptake correlated with histological grade and tumour size. FDG uptake in axillary lymph nodes correlated positively with lymph node status, metastasis status and clinical stage. RI values for the tumour and lymph nodes were significantly positively correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positivity.

Conclusions

FDG uptake in tumours and lymph nodes showed correlations with some clinical and biological parameters, and may serve as a predictive marker of tumour biological behaviour in breast cancer.
Online Mate-Retention Tactics on Facebook Are Associated With Relationship Aggression
Authors: Brem Meagan J. , Spiller Laura C. , Vandehey Michael A.
Published: October 2014

A measure of Facebook-related mate-retention tactics was developed to investigate the relationship between online behaviors and intimate partner aggression. One hundred and seventy-seven young adults (65 men, 112 women) completed questionnaires that included measures of online and offline mate-retention tactics, Facebook jealousy, Facebook surveillance, and intimate partner violence. A factor analysis yielded four subscales for the Facebook Mate-Retention Tactic Inventory (FMRTI): Care and Affection, Jealousy and Surveillance, Possession Signals, and Punishment of Infidelity Threat. The FMRTI total scores were positively correlated with Facebook jealousy, Facebook surveillance, and use of offline mate-retention tactics. The Jealousy and Surveillance subscale uniquely predicted intimate partner psychological and physical aggression over and above existing measures. Facebook mate-retention tactics fully mediated the relation between Facebook jealousy and both intimate partner psychological and physical aggression. The current study provides preliminary evidence for conceptualizing Facebook as an environment for the use of mate-retention tactics that have real-life implications for intimate partner violence.
Optimal Bayesian maintenance policy and early fault detection for a gearbox operating under varying load
Authors: Lin Chen , Makis Viliam
Published: October 2014

Due to the advancements in data measurement and computer technology, automated data collection from multiple sensors has become common in recent years. However, very few papers have dealt with the cost-optimal early fault detection of gearboxes, condition based maintenance policy, and remaining useful life prediction when multiple sensors are used for data collection under varying load. The novel approach presented here is based on vector autoregressive vibration signal modeling and continuous time hidden Markov modeling using the optimal Bayesian control technique. System condition is modeled using a continuous time Markov chain with three states, namely, unobservable healthy state 0, unobservable warning state 1 and observable failure state 2. Model parameters are calculated using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The optimal control policy for the three-state model is represented by a Bayesian control chart for a multivariate observation process. The chart monitors the posterior probability that the system is in the warning state 1 and the system is stopped when this probability exceeds an optimal control limit. Prediction of mean residual life using a posterior probability is also developed in this paper. The validation of the proposed methodologies is carried out using actual gearbox vibration data obtained from multiple sensors.
Use of proper orthogonal decomposition and linear stochastic estimation technique to investigate real-time detailed airflows for building ventilation
Authors: Meyer Ryan D , Tan Gang
Published: October 2014

As energy efficiency concerns grow for building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems, more advanced mathematical models and methods may be needed for implementing more comprehensive building environmental monitoring practices. This work investigates the methodology of applying a coupled proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and linear stochastic estimation (LSE) technique to provide detailed real-time velocity information for a single-room test environment under either mechanical ventilation or wind-driven cross natural ventilation with the support of limited on-site monitoring measurements. In addition, an example application of the proposed POD–LSE methodology with limited measurements to obtain real-time fluctuating wind-driven ventilation rates using a POD–LSE reconstructed velocity profile across a window opening is presented and shows very good agreement with the measured ventilation rates.
Tracheal injury leading to tension pneumopericardium in a blunt trauma victim
Authors: Chan Winston M , Love Joseph D
Published: October 2014

Tracheal injury is uncommon in blunt thoracic trauma which may lead to subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum but rarely does it lead to tension pneumopericardium. We present a case of a 75-year-old female involved in a motor vehicle collision leading to multiple injuries including a tracheal injury associated with tension pneumopericardium seen on computed tomography. The patient underwent a pericardial window for decompression of her cardiac tamponade.
Electrochemical behaviour of Ti–25Nb–3Mo–3Zr–2Sn biomedical alloy in different simulated physiological environments
Authors: Wang Z. , Huang W. , Meng X.
Published: October 2014

The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of biomedical Ti–25Nb–3Mo–3Zr-2Sn (TLM) alloy was investigated in various simulated body fluids at 37±0·5°C utilising potentiodynamic polarisation and current–time curves. The Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) alloy was also investigated to make a comparison. The different simulated body fluids comprised of 0·9NaCl saline, Hank's and Ringer's solution were employed. The effect of heat treatment on the electrochemical behaviour of the TLM alloy was also considered. It was discovered that all the test specimens were passivated once immersed into the simulated body fluids. It was also found that the TLM alloy has poorer corrosion resistance in Hank's solution, due to the chemical composition of the Hank's. After different heat treated, the TLM alloy had different phases and microstructure, and the corrosion behaviour of the TLM alloy was different. In this study, after the heat treatment of 760°C/1 h/AC+550°C/6 h/AC, the TLM alloy had better corrosion resistance. Owing to the corrosion resistance of the TLM alloy was influenced by numerous factors, such as microstructure and the chemical composition of electrolyte, the corrosion behaviour of the TLM alloy is complex. By comparing with the corrosion behaviour of the TC4 alloy, the TLM alloy has poorer corrosion resistant than the TC4 alloy under the same conditions. But the current–time curves of the TLM alloy were more stable than these of the TC4 alloy with further experiments, because of the more passivation film on the surface of the TLM alloy.
How we treat invasive fungal diseases in patients with acute leukemia: the importance of an individualized approach
Authors: Nucci Marcio , Anaissie Elias
Published: October 2014

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) represent an important cause of treatment failure in adults with acute leukemia. Because of leukemia’s heterogeneity, the risk for IFDs is highly variable. We therefore apply a risk-adapted antifungal strategy with strong emphasis on pretreatment and day-15 posttreatment to allow earlier and more individualized interventions. We determine pretreatment risks for IFDs based on 4 factors: (1) host fitness for standard therapy (ie, fit, unfit, or frail); (2) leukemia resistance (high vs low probability of achieving complete remission [CR]); (3) anticipated treatment-related toxicity such as neutropenia, mucositis, and steroid-induced immunosuppression; and (4) patient exposure to opportunistic fungi. Accordingly, we stratify patients as high, intermediate, or low risk for IFDs and apply risk-adapted antifungal strategies, including primary or secondary prophylaxis and diagnostic-based preemptive or empiric therapy. Prevention of IFDs also relies on optimizing organ function, decreasing exposure to opportunistic fungi, and improving net state of immunosuppression with use of better-tolerated and investigational agents for unfit patients and those with adverse leukemia biology. Novel targeted and safe therapies that can achieve higher rates of sustained CR among patients with adverse genetics offer the best promise for reducing the burden of IFDs in these patients.
Modeling de novo leukemogenesis from human cord blood with MN1 and NUP98HOXD13
Authors: Imren Suzan , Heuser Michael , Gasparetto Maura , Beer Philip A. , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Xiang Ping , Chen Ling , Berg Tobias , Rhyasen Garrett W. , Rosten Patricia , Park Gyeongsin , Moon Yeonsook , Weng Andrew P. , Eaves Connie J. , Humphries R. Keith
Published: October 2014

Key Points

MN1 promotes self-renewal and inhibits differentiation of CD34+ cord blood cells in vitro. De novo leukemogenesis is engineered by MN1 and NUP98HOXD13 expression in cord blood cells.
Factor VIII brand and the incidence of factor VIII inhibitors in previously untreated UK children with severe hemophilia A, 2000-2011
Authors: Collins Peter W. , Palmer Benedict P. , Chalmers Elizabeth A. , Hart Daniel P. , Liesner Ri , Rangarajan Savita , Talks Katherine , Williams Michael , Hay Charles R. M.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Kogenate Bayer/Helixate NexGen was associated with a higher inhibitor incidence than Advate in 407 consecutive UK severe hemophilia A previously untreated patients. Other risk factors for inhibitor development were factor VIII genotype, ethnicity, and intensive treatment episodes.
The thrombopoietin receptor, MPL, is critical for development of a JAK2V617F-induced myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Sangkhae Veena , Etheridge S. Leah , Kaushansky Kenneth , Hitchcock Ian S.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

MPL is essential for the development of JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms in vivo. Ablation or reduction of Mpl significantly reduces the pool of neoplastic hematopoietic stem cells.
Motion parameter estimation of multiple ground moving targets in multi-static passive radar systems
Authors: Subedi Saurav , Zhang Yimin D , Amin Moeness G , Himed Braham
Published: October 2014

Multi-static passive radar (MPR) systems typically use narrowband signals and operate under weak signal conditions, making them difficult to reliably estimate motion parameters of ground moving targets. On the other hand, the availability of multiple spatially separated illuminators of opportunity provides a means to achieve multi-static diversity and overall signal enhancement. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating motion parameters, including velocity and acceleration, of multiple closely located ground moving targets in a typical MPR platform with focus on weak signal conditions, where traditional time-frequency analysis-based methods become unreliable or infeasible. The underlying problem is reformulated as a sparse signal reconstruction problem in a discretized parameter search space. While the different bistatic links have distinct Doppler signatures, they share the same set of motion parameters of the ground moving targets. Therefore, such motion parameters act as a common sparse support to enable the exploitation of group sparsity-based methods for robust motion parameter estimation. This provides a means of combining signal energy from all available illuminators of opportunity and, thereby, obtaining a reliable estimation even when each individual signal is weak. Because the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of motion parameters involves a multi-dimensional search and its performance is sensitive to target position errors, we also propose a technique that decouples the target motion parameters, yielding a two-step process that sequentially estimates the acceleration and velocity vectors with a reduced dimensionality of the parameter search space. We compare the performance of the sequential method against the ML estimation with the consideration of imperfect knowledge of the initial target positions. The Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of the underlying parameter estimation problem is derived for a general multiple-target scenario in an MPR system. Simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the sparse signal reconstruction-based methods against the traditional time-frequency-based methods as well as the CRB.
Central venous oxygenation: when physiology explains apparent discrepancies
Authors: Squara Pierre
Published: October 2014

Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) >70% or mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) >65% is recommended for both septic and non-septic patients. Although it is the task of experts to suggest clear and simple guidelines, there is a risk of reducing critical care to these simple recommendations. This article reviews the basic physiological and pathological features as well as the metrological issues that provide clear evidence that SvO2 and ScvO2 are adaptative variables with large inter-patient variability. This variability is exemplified in a modeled population of 1,000 standard ICU patients and in a real population of 100 patients including 15,860 measurements. In these populations, it can be seen how optimizing one to three of the four S(c)vO2 components homogenized the patients and yields a clear dependency with the fourth one. This explains the discordant results observed in large studies where cardiac output was increased up to predetermined S(c)vO2 thresholds following arterial oxygen hemoglobin saturation, total body oxygen consumption needs and hemoglobin optimization. Although a systematic S(c)vO2 goal-oriented protocol can be statistically profitable before ICU admission, appropriate intensive care mandates determination of the best compromise between S(c)vO2 and its four components, taking into account the specific constraints of each individual patient.
Azimuth-dependent ocean bottom cable receiver coupling to the seafloor
Authors: Landschulze Marcus , Mjelde Rolf
Published: October 2014

Inconsistent horizontal receiver coupling to the seafloor causes measured signal differences on both horizontal receiver components. To explain this inconsistency, we considered distinct coupling parameters, the damping ratio and resonance frequency, for the receiver inline and crossline directions. Our approach combined these coupling parameters with the azimuth angle between an airgun shot and the receiver geometrically and used two visualization methods to show spatially dependent receiver coupling, based on correlation and root-mean-square amplitudes. We developed finite-element method simulation results together with field data from one ocean bottom cable (OBC) in very soft biosediment. The simulations provided an insight to the difference between perfectly coupled ideal receiver response and poor coupling. From the field data, we compared OBC receiver coupling for trenched and untrenched cable. Our results revealed that the field data had an azimuth-dependent response pattern with amplitude decay and time shift on the untrenched inline component, which we can reproduce with our simulations. Azimuth-dependent receiver coupling indicated that the inline and crossline receiver components were connected by the direction of the traveling wave, and trenching the cable will reduce the azimuth-dependent coupling effects.
The potential of imaging subsurface heterogeneities by natural local earthquakes
Authors: Nishitsuji Yohei , Doi Issei , Draganov Deyan
Published: October 2014

We have developed a new imaging technique of subsurface heterogeneities that uses Sp-waves from natural earthquakes. This technique can be used as a first screening tool in frontier exploration areas before conventional active exploration. Analyzing Sp-waves from 28 earthquakes ([Formula: see text] 2.0 to 4.2) recorded by two permanent seismic stations, we built an image of the distributions of velocity discontinuities in southeastern offshore Hokkaido, Japan, where intraplate earthquakes in the Pacific plate frequently occur. Our results indicated the presence of three horizontally continuous, distinct discontinuities corresponding to geologic boundaries estimated in a previous study. We also derived the frequency-dependent quality factor [Formula: see text] for P- and S-waves and use it as a method of characterizing physical properties of subsurface structure. The waveform traces with coherent Sp-phases in the southern part of the study area generally show a constant [Formula: see text] ratio, and the waveform traces with randomly distributed phases in the northern part show a large variation of the [Formula: see text] ratio (including several high values).
Imparting a phase during excitation for improved resolution in surface nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Grombacher Denys , Walbrecker Jan O. , Knight Rosemary
Published: October 2014

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a geophysical technique that provides the ability to noninvasively image water content in the subsurface. To improve the ability of this method to produce images representative of the true subsurface structure, we require high spatial resolution. We derive a method to provide improved spatial resolution through the use of novel excitation strategies designed to enhance and exploit the information content within the quadrature component of the NMR signal. In a traditional surface NMR experiment, the frequency of the perturbing magnetic field ([Formula: see text]) is chosen to equal the Larmor frequency of the hydrogen nuclei in the subsurface. In this case, it is assumed that the signal phase is determined entirely by the conductivity structure of the subsurface. Several studies have found that modeling the signal phase accurately and inverting a complex-valued NMR signal, can improve the spatial resolution of the surface NMR water content images. We propose alternative excitation schemes designed to generate a complex-valued signal, where the quadrature component can be controlled experimentally and was larger than that generated by the conductivity effects. This allowed a single excitation to provide two samplings of the subsurface properties, one stored in the real component and another in the quadrature component. To test if the alternative sampling strategies can provide improved spatial resolution in surface NMR, we evaluated a synthetic study contrasting the performance of three techniques. We contrasted two techniques designed to generate a complex-valued NMR signal during excitation, called off-resonance excitation and composite pulse excitation, to a traditional on-resonance excitation. We demonstrated that our proposed excitation schemes were able to better resolve boundaries between layers with contrasting properties, and we produced images with improved spatial resolution.
A Queer Mother for the Nation Redux
Authors: Fiol-Matta Licia
Published: October 2014

Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) was born Lucila Godoy Alcayaga in the remote Elqui Valley of Chile. She ascended from prototypical small-town schoolteacher to the most famous Latin American woman of her time in her multiple guises as educator, diplomat, and poet. For decades this 1945 Nobel Prize winner in literature has circulated as a saintly national mother, in counterpoint to her queer sexuality, a source of much fascination. In January 2007, an extensive personal archive of Mistral emerged. It was compiled and ordered meticulously by her last companion, Doris Dana, from the beginning of their relationship in the late 1940s until Dana's death in 2006. This article explores the changing Mistral icon in the context of 1990s “Chile de la transición,” particularly a 2001 controversy over her appropriate reception and circulation, and then considers the reception of the Dana archive and the state's recent moves of archival appropriation.
A Queer Thing
Authors: Stone Margaret , Washkansky Dale
Published: October 2014

The article focuses on the 2010 art exhibition Swallow My Pride (SMP), a visceral response to the commercialization of gay culture in Cape Town and a critique of notions of queerness and its visibility in the public sphere. SMP brought local lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex artists together to reflect upon queerness through methodology and an appeal to the personal. In the exhibit, queerness functioned as a strategy to articulate difference, challenge heteronormativity, and problematize gender identifications. The artworks brought a fresh focus to the courage, suffering, humor, intelligence, and enormous variety of local queer culture. The article investigates how the exhibition, as a queer archive, embraced a critical history of sexuality and gender in the present moment, as well as acknowledging absent voices and narratives, which have been previously silenced and unnamed.
Archives, Bodies, and Imagination
Authors: Martínez María Elena
Published: October 2014

This essay analyzes problems related to the colonial archive and queer history through the case of Juana Aguilar, a suspected hermaphrodite who was tried for sodomy in early nineteenth-century Guatemala. These problems include the power dynamics involved in the archiving of documents, the structural limitations they place on studying sexuality in the past, and the challenges that approaching them from different angles, disciplines, and performative acts can present for history and politics. Interweaving discussions of the archive, colonial sodomy discourses, and the use of the Aguilar case by performance artist Jesusa Rodríguez to critique current forms of sexual discrimination, the essay explores the role of the imagination in historical reconstruction and the place of embodied or performative practices in radical queer art, history, and politics. It also reflects on ethical questions that using history to make political claims raises for historians, performers, and others who mediate between the past and the present publics.
Viewing multiple sequence alignments with the JavaScript Sequence Alignment Viewer (JSAV)
Authors: Martin Andrew C. R.
Published: October 2014

The JavaScript Sequence Alignment Viewer (JSAV) is designed as a simple-to-use JavaScript component for displaying sequence alignments on web pages. The display of sequences is highly configurable with options to allow alternative coloring schemes, sorting of sequences and ’dotifying’ repeated amino acids. An option is also available to submit selected sequences to another web site, or to other JavaScript code. JSAV is implemented purely in JavaScript making use of the JQuery and JQuery-UI libraries. It does not use any HTML5-specific options to help with browser compatibility. The code is documented using JSDOC and is available from http://www.bioinf.org.uk/software/jsav/.
Paralingustic Means in German as a Guide to Cross-cultural Communication
Authors: Дубинский  , Dubinskiy Vladimir
Published: October 2014

In this issue we are starting to publish the research paper presented by V.I.

Dubinskiy. The author aims at demonstrating non-verbal means of communi-

cation in the German language as well as showing the way they are used

in everyday life and the specifics of teaching them further cross-cultural

communication with Germans. Knowing non-verbal means of communication

typical of native speakers means broadening the general knowledge

of the student of the language and developing an active communicative

approach to speech interaction.