bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Ramme Austin J. , Robbins Christopher B. , Patel Karan A. , Carpenter James E. , Bedi Asheesh , Gagnier Joel J. , Miller Bruce S.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Rotator cuff disease is a major medical and economic burden due to a growing aging population, but management of rotator cuff tears remains controversial. We hypothesized that there is no difference in outcomes between patients who undergo rotator cuff repair and matched patients treated nonoperatively.

Methods:

After institutional review board approval, a prospective cohort of patients over 18 years of age who had a full-thickness rotator cuff tear seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively evaluated. After clinical evaluation, each patient elected to undergo either rotator cuff repair or nonsurgical treatment. Demographic information was collected at enrollment, and self-reported outcome measures (the Normalized Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index [WORCnorm], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score [ASES], Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation [SANE], and pain score on a visual analog scale [VAS]) were collected at baseline and at 6, 12, and >24 months. The Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) was used to assess health status at enrollment. The size and degree of atrophy of the rotator cuff tear were classified on MRI. Propensity score analysis was used to create rotator cuff repair and nonsurgical groups matched by age, sex, symptom duration, FCI, tear size, injury mechanism, and atrophy. The Student t test, chi-square test, and regression analysis were used to compare the treatment groups.

Results:

One hundred and seven patients in each group were available for analysis after propensity score matching. There were no differences between the groups with regard to demographics or rotator cuff tear characteristics. For all outcome measures at the time of final follow-up, the rotator cuff repair group had significantly better outcomes than the nonsurgical treatment group (p < 0.001). At the time of final follow-up, the mean outcome scores (and 95% confidence interval) for the surgical repair and nonsurgical treatment groups were, respectively, 81.4 (76.9, 85.9) and 68.8 (63.7, 74.0) for the WORCnorm, 86.1 (82.4, 90.3) and 76.2 (72.4, 80.9) for the ASES, 77.5 (70.6, 82.5) and 66.9 (61.0, 72.2) for the SANE, and 14.4 (10.2, 20.2) and 27.8 (22.5, 33.5) for the pain VAS. In the longitudinal regression analysis, better outcomes were independently associated with younger age, shorter symptom duration, and rotator cuff repair.

Conclusions:

Patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear reported improvement in pain and functional outcome scores with nonoperative treatment or surgical repair. However, patients who were offered and chose rotator cuff repair reported greater improvement in outcome scores and reduced pain compared with those who chose nonoperative treatment.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Os Odontoideum in Children
Authors: Helenius Ilkka J. , Bauer Jennifer M. , Verhofste Bram , Sponseller Paul D. , Krengel Walter F. , Hedequist Daniel , Cahill Patrick J. , Larson A. Noelle , Pahys Joshua M. , Anderson John T. , Martus Jeffrey E. , Yaszay Burt , Phillips Jonathan H.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Treatment outcomes and risk factors for neurological deficits in pediatric patients with an os odontoideum are unclear.

Methods:

We reviewed the data for 102 children with os odontoideum who were managed at 11 centers between 2000 and 2016 and had a minimum duration of follow-up of 2 years. Thirty-one children had nonoperative treatment, and 71 underwent instrumented posterior cervical spinal arthrodesis for the treatment of C1-C2 instability. Nonoperative treatment consisted of observation (n = 29) or immobilization with a cervical collar (n = 1) or halo body jacket (n = 1). Surgical treatment consisted of atlantoaxial (n = 50) or occipitocervical (n = 21) arthrodesis. One patient also underwent transoral odontoidectomy.

Results:

Thirty children (29%) presented with neurological deficits, 28 of whom had radiographic atlantoaxial instability (atlantoaxial distance >5 mm) or limited space (≤13 mm) available for the spinal cord (risk ratio, 7.8 [95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 31] compared with children with no radiographic risk factors). The 27 children without neurological deficits or atlantoaxial instability at presentation underwent nonoperative treatment and remained asymptomatic. Of the initial nonoperative cohort, one child developed atlantoaxial instability, and another had a persistent neurological deficit; both children underwent spinal arthrodesis during the study period. One child with cervical instability declined surgery and remained asymptomatic. Spinal fusion occurred in 68 patients in the surgical group by the end of the study period (mean, 3.7 years; range, 2.0 to 11.8 years). Surgical complications occurred in 21 children, including nonunion in 12, new neurological deficits in 4, cerebrospinal fluid leak in 2, symptomatic instrumentation requiring removal 2, and vertebral artery injury in 1. Nine children underwent revision surgery. In the surgical group, Japanese Orthopaedic Association neurological function scores improved significantly from preoperatively to the latest follow-up for the upper extremities (p = 0.026) and lower extremities (p = 0.007).

Conclusions:

The risk of developing a neurological deficit was strongly associated with atlantoaxial instability and limited space available for the spinal cord in children with os odontoideum. Nonoperative treatment was safe for asymptomatic patients without atlantoaxial instability. Spinal arthrodesis resolved the neurological deficits of children with symptomatic os odontoideum.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Acceptability and clinical trial feasibility evaluation of auditory rhythmical cueing to improve gait and physical activity in community dwelling stroke survivors (ACTIVATE): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moore Sarah , McCue Patricia , Din Silvia Del , Hunter Heather , Lord Sue , Price Christopher IM , Shaw Lisa , Rodgers Helen , Rochester Lynn
Published: October 2019

Background Mobility problems are present in 70-80% of stroke survivors, and can result in impaired gait and reduced physical activity limiting independent living. Auditory rhythmic cueing (ARC) has been used to provide auditory feedback and shows promise in improving a variety of walking parameters following stroke. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre, observer blind, randomised controlled trial of auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) intervention in home and community settings in North East England. Methods This pilot observer blind randomised controlled feasibility trial aims to recruit 60 participants over 15 months from community stroke services in the North East of England. Participants will be within 24 months of stroke onset causing new problems with mobility. Each participant will be randomised to the study intervention or control group. Intervention treatment participants will undertake 18 auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) treatment sessions over six weeks (3 x 30 minutes per week, 6 supervised (physiotherapist/research associate)/ 12 self-managed) in a home/community setting. A metronome will be used to provide ARC during a series of balance and gait exercises, which will be gradually progressed. The control treatment participants will undertake the same duration balance and gait exercise training programme as the intervention group but without the ARC. Feasibility will be determined in terms of recruitment, retention, adverse events, adherence, collection of descriptive clinical and accelerometer motor performance data at baseline, six weeks and ten weeks and description of participant, provider and clinical therapists’ experiences. As well as using questionnaires to collate participant views, qualitative interviews will be undertaken to further understand how the intervention is delivered in practice in a community setting and to identify aspects perceived important by participants. Discussion The ACTIVATE study will address an important gap in the evidence base by reporting whether it is feasible to deliver auditory rhythmical cueing in the home and community to improve gait and balance parameters following stroke. The feasibility of the study protocol will be established and results will inform the design of a future multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Trial Registration: Trial register: ISRCTN, Trial identifier: ISRCTN10874601: Date of registration: 12/03/2018, URL http://www.isrctn.com/search?q=ISRCTN10874601
Correlative Analysis between Expression of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2 Receptor and Clinicopathologic Features in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Wang Caifeng , Tran Davis A. , Fu Melinda Z. , Chen Wei , Fu Sidney , Li Xu
Published: October 2019

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a major gynecologic adenocarcinoma that arises from the endometrium. While the incidence of EC is on the rise worldwide, survivorship and clinical advancement have considerably lagged behind compared to other cancers. Given the sensitive nature of the endometrium and its high expression of hormone receptors, hormonal therapy has become a favorable alternative treatment compared to highly toxic chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. Methods: Clinical samples from patients diagnosed with EC were obtained. ER and PR staining was performed according to the S-P kit, and HER2 staining was carried out according to the UltrasensitiveTM S-P immunohistochemistry kit protocol. Chi-square analysis was conducted using the SPSS. P-values of less than 0.05 were taken as an a priori value for statistical significance. Results: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed the overall positive expression rates of ER, PR, and HER2 to be 59.8%, 75.0%, and 71.1%, respectively. Significant co-expression was found among all three receptors, suggesting a cooperative, synergistic effect. More importantly, we found that ER expression was correlated with FIGO staging and cervical invasion, whereas PR expression was associated with histologic type. No clinicopathologic features were correlated with HER2 expression, but HER2 positivity was inversely associated with the degree of HER2 overexpression. Conclusions: These results suggest that EC is a heterogeneous disease that may not conform to traditional, prototypically defined subtypes. The status of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors may have the potential to serve as prognostic indicators for EC, but further analysis is needed to ascertain their prognostic significance.
Cryptosporidium parvum GP60 subtypes present in diarrheic dairy calves of two biogeographical regions of Chile
Authors: Peña Sebastian , Muñoz Pamela , Raffo Eduardo , Fredes Fernando , Ozaki Luiz S , Mercado Rubén
Published: October 2019

Background Cryptosporidium is an apicomplexan zoonotic pathogen primary causing diarrhea in vertebrate hosts notably bovines and humans. Here, we characterized Cryptosporidium isolates by using the GP60 gene fragment of C. parvum to observe the dynamics of cryptosporidiosis transmission in dairy calves from two distant biogeographical regions of Chile (Metropolitan and Los Rios Regions). We collected 72 fecal samples from diarrheic calves screening the parasite carried out microscopy of an acid-fast staining smear and molecular characterization employing PCR to directly detect the Sanger GP60 C. parvum subtype and simultaneously in one selected sample the NGS profile of the GP60 same gene fragment to determine same and/or others Cryptosporidium subtypes Results The IIaA15G2R1 subtype was present in the 100% of the bovine fecal samples studied from Los Rios Region. Along with this same subtype, another two were observed in the Metropolitan Region, IIaA17G2R1 and IIaA17G4R1. The NGS analysis of a single selected GP60 PCR amplicon of one selected sample of our study showed similarly the Sanger sequencing determined subtype, the IIaA17G4R1 in 90% of readable sequences observed. By using this approach another multiple low frequency IIa subtypes of C. parvum were observed confirming that in an infected host multiple subtypes of the parasite can be present. Conclusions Cryptosporidiosis in these dairy farms calves in Chile is produced by C. parvum limited number of subtypes, being IIaA15G2R1 the most frequent. The IIa subtype family is considered prevalent in calves in South America. Subtypes IIaA17G2R1 and IIaA17G4R1 had been worldwide distribution. As all C. parvum subtypes observed in calves in Chile were isolated from diarrheic animals, so, it can be possible to relate its presence with the pathogenic role in the bovine host and with a potential digestive disease risk for humans.
Diagnostic accuracy assessment of molecular prediction model for the risk of NAFLD based on MRI-PDFF diagnosed Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhu Yueli , Yu Wanjiang , Xu Zhipeng , Xin Yongning , Zhao Zhenzhen , Liu Shousheng , Lv Kuirong
Published: October 2019

Background: Several molecular prediction models based on the clinical parameters had been constructed to predict and diagnosis the risk of NAFLD, but the accuracy of these molecular prediction models remain need to be verified based on the most accurate NAFLD diagnostic method. The aims of this study was to verify the accuracy of three molecular prediction models Fatty liver index (FLI), NAFLD liver fat score system (NAFLD LFS), and Liver fat (%) in the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD in MRI-PDFF diagnosed Chinese Han population. Patients and Methods: MRI-PDFF was used to diagnose the hepatic steatosis of all the subjects. Information such as name, age, lifestyle, and major medical histories were collected and the clinical parameters were measured by the standard clinical laboratory techniques. The cut-off values of each model for the risk of NAFLD were calculated based on the MRI-PDFF results. All data were analyzed using the statistical analysis software SPSS 23.0. Results: A total of 98 subjects were recruited with the matched sex and age. The ROC curves of FLI, NAFLD LFS, and Liver fat (%) models were plotted based on the results of MRI-PDFF. We founded that the accuracy of FLI, NAFLD LFS, and Liver fat (%) models for the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD were comparative available in Chinese Han population as well as the validity of them in other ethnics and regions. Conclusions: The molecular prediction models FLI, NAFLD LFS, and Liver fat (%) were comparative available for the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD in Chinese Han population. MRI-PDFF could be used as the golden standard to develop the new molecular prediction models for the prediction and diagnosis of NAFLD.
Determinants of enrollment decision in the community based health insurance, North West Ethiopia: A case control study
Authors: Tadesse Getasew , Debalkie Desta , Ketemaw Asmamaw , Alemu Yibeltal
Published: October 2019

Objective: - To identify determinants for enrollment decision in the community based health insurance program among informal economic sector engaged societies, North West Ethiopia.Method:-Unmatched case control study was conducted on 148 cases (member to insurance) and 148 controls (not member to insurance program) from September 1- October 30 2016. Stratified then simple random sampling method was employed. The data were entered in to Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bi-variable, and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were computed to describe the study objectives and identify the determinants of enrolment decision for the insurance program. Odds ratio at 95 % CI was used to describe the association between the independent and the outcome variables. Result: - A total of 296 respondents (148 cases and 148 controls) were employed. A mean age for cases and controls was 42 ± 11.73 and 40 ± 11.37 years respectively. Majority of respondents were males (87.2 % for cases and 79 % for controls). Family size between 4 and 6 (AOR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.89), history of illness by household (AOR=3.24; 95% CI: 1.68, 6.24), perceived amount of membership contribution was medium (AOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.26), being married (AOR=6; 95% CI:1.43, 10.18) and trust on program (AOR=4.79; 95% CI: 2.40, 9.55) were independent determinants for increased enrolment decision in the CBHI. While, being merchant (AOR=0.07; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.6) decreased the enrolment decision. Conclusion: - Societies enrollment decision to community based health insurance program was determined by demographic, social, economic and political factors. Households with large family size and farmers in the informal sector should be given maximal attention for escalating enrolment decision in the insurance program.
Investigating Inequalities in Access to Healthcare: The Case of Townships of Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Reshadat Sohyla , Zangeneh Alireza , Saeidi Shahram , Teimouri Raziyeh , GolAnbari Shirin Zardui , Rostami Samira , Cheleii Mahsa , Ziapour Arash , Yigitcanlar Tan
Published: October 2019

Background: Access to medical care is one of the major issues affecting human health. This study aims to investigate inequality in access to medical care in the townships in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: Methodology approach includes a descriptive-analytic study followed by determining the degree of development of the townships calculated in terms of access to medical care through the hierarchical cluster analysis and the combined model of human development index. Additionally, the mean center and standard distance tests are handled in a geographic information system software to identify the deployment pattern of the status of access to medical care indexes. Results: As for the ratio of physicians, nursing staff, paramedical staff, administrative staff of health care, dentists, pharmacists, hospitals, general and specialized clinics, radiology, rehabilitation centers and laboratories to a population of 10,000, the results of analyzing the findings were indicative of unequal distribution of facilities at the level of townships. This is based on The results of comparing the mean centers of population and health facilities showed that the centers of both data categories were located in Kermanshah. The two standard distances (i.e., population and health facilities) demonstrated that the health facilities witnessed more dispersion in the northwestern regions than the concentration of population in the central and southeastern regions of the province. Conclusions: The results indicated that the indexes of development of facilities and healthcare resources were not distributed equitably and with a balance between the townships of the Kermanshah Province. Keywords: healthcare; medical care inequality; human development index; spatial analysis, cluster analysis; Kermanshah, Iran
Health Assets and Frailty: Positive Psychosocial Resources and Health Status in Older Adult, a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gregorevic Kate , Hubbard Ruth E , Peel Nancye M , Lau Wei Tong , Wu Jethro , Crammond Bradley , Lim Wen Kwang
Published: October 2019

Background: Although frailty is predictive of poorer outcomes for hospitalised older adults, it does not account for all variation in outcomes. Health assets are protective factors associated with wellbeing that may moderate frailty associated mortality and functional decline Objective: To determine whether frail older adults with a higher number of health assets have improved outcomes Design: Prospective cohort study Methods: Adults aged 70 and older with an unplanned admission to hospital were included. Recruitment took place on general medical, orthogeriatric and subacute wards of two hospitals in Australia. The Health Assets Index (HAI), frailty, functional status and covariates were measured at the time of recruitment. Outcomes were mortality at 30 days and functional decline at the time of discharge. Results: There were 298 participants, with an average age of 84.7 and 66% were women. 80.1% were frail. The mean score on the HAI was 10.86 with a range of 5.5-15. 56.4% of participants had functional decline on discharge from hospital with 30 day mortality of 5.7%. There was an inverse relationship between frailty and health assets. Neither frailty or a higher number of health assets alone predicted outcomes. In a post-hoc analysis to account for interaction, a higher number of health assets was protective against mortality for the least frail. This relationship was reversed at higher levels of frailty. Conclusions: A higher number of Health Assets correlated with a lower level of frailty. Although Health Assets alone did not predict mortality, this relationship may be moderated by frailty.
Up-regulation of PKCγ subunits of rACC neurons contributes to the development of pain sensitivity in bone cancer rats
Authors: She Meng , Feng Hao , Feng Zequn , Wang Gongming , Cheng Guanghui , Li Kailin , Wang Ruoyi , Li Xiaohui
Published: October 2019

To explore the role of PKCγ subunits of rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) neurons in the development of bone cancer pain in rats. Healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group (naive group), sham operation group (sham group), bone cancer pain group (BCP group), BCP plus empty lentiviral vector group (vehicle group) and BCP plus PKCγ/shRNA recombinant lentiviral vector group (PKCγ group). The BCP group, vehicle group and PKCγ group received a 10 µl intra-tibial injection of MADB-106 rat mammary carcinoma cell suspension (4.6×10 8 cell/ml). In comparison, the sham group received a 10 µl intra-tibial injection of saline. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were assessed on pre-operation day 0 (baseline) and days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after intra-tibial injection, respectively. To downregulate the PKCγ subunits of rACC neurons, the PKCγ group received a 10 µl bilateral rACC injection of shRNA/PKCγ recombinant lentivirus (1.25×10 9 TU/ml) on the day 7 after intra-tibial injection, whereas the vehicle group received an injection of the same dose of empty lentiviral vector. Western blotting, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to detect the different expression of PKCγ subunits in rACC neurons among these groups on postoperative days 7 or 21. No significant difference in the baseline of MWT and TWL was found among these five groups ( P > 0.05). However, compared with the naive group and sham group, the rats with bone cancer (BCP group, vehicle group and PKCγ group) demonstrated marked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia that was evoked starting on postoperative day 7 following intra-tibial injection of carcinoma cells ( P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the western blotting analysis also confirmed that the expression of PKCγ in rACC neurons was significantly increased in the BCP model groups ( P < 0.05). However, from postoperative days 14-21, the injection of shRNA/PKCγ recombinant lentivirus in the PKCγ group alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia ( P < 0.05).The present study indicates that up-regulation of PKCγ subunits of rACC neurons in bone cancer pain rats contributes to the development of bone cancer pain.
CHARACTERISTIC OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE FORMATION OF THE HUMANISTIC PEDAGOGICAL POSITION OF FUTURE SPEECH THERAPISTS
Authors: Fedorova Nataliya
Published: October 2019

The article analyzes factors that influence the formation of the humanistic pedagogical position of future speech therapists, understood as a personal phenomenon that integrates values and senses of pedagogical activity of the humanistic directionality. The research characterizes internal and external factors of the formation of the humanistic pedagogical position of future speech therapists. Important internal factors of the formation of the humanistic pedagogical position of future specialists are:
• Self-consciousness – adequate self-estimation, axiological self-attitude, reflection as an ability to understand own peculiarities, report to yourself about other’s understanding of them, to form own behavior taking into account probable reactions of important people;
• Personal experience – understood as cognition results, accumulated by studied people, based on their sensual practical comprehension at the educational process, in the educational environment and in the wide life context.
External factors are educational process and environment, external as to the subjective humanistic pedagogical position of a future specialist:
• Attitude to the problem of the formation of the aforementioned position in future speech therapists by teachers of basic educational institutions;
• Content filling of curriculums, guiding teaching general and special disciplines for this category of specialists.
The professional activity of a speech therapist is a complex of interconnected processes, depending on numerous and diverse factors – internal and external ones.
Internal and external factors are analyzed, strong and weak sides of the organization of the educational process and environment under traditional learning conditions that brake the process of formation of the humanistic pedagogical position of future speech therapists are determined, the analysis of an influence of contents of learning programs of the disciplines “Special education. Speech therapy” that determine a strategy and tactics of their teaching was made.
INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL DETERMINANTS ON THE FOOD CHOICES OF THE PORTUGUESE
Authors: Guiné Raquel P. F. , Ferrão Ana Cristina , Correia Paula , Cardoso Ana Paula , Ferreira Manuela , Duarte João
Published: October 2019

Food choices are influenced by many factors, such as emotional. When people eat, driven by emotional factors, they often lose control, which may lead to eating disorders. Therefore, this work aimed at studying the influence that emotional determinants had on people’s food choices. It was undertaken a descriptive cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire on a non-probabilistic sample of 1314 participants. The data was collected among a sample of the Portuguese population and measured if people´s food choices were influenced by emotional determinants.
The results revealed that the participants’ food choices were, in general, slightly influenced by emotional determinants (mean scores between –0.5 and 0.5, on a scale from –2 to +2). There were found significant differences in all of the variables under study. The participants, who already experienced an episode of binge-eating, were the ones that obtained the highest mean score (0.63±0.79), meaning that in this case those participants’ food choices were influenced by emotional determinants. These results support the premise that emotional determinants are influenced by the characteristics of each individual and also the existence of a positive association between emotional eating and the presence of eating disorders, especially, binge-eating.
Review to Daniel Hutto and Erik Myin’s Evolving Enactivism: Basic Minds Meet Content. MIT Press, 2017.
Authors: Silva Marcos , Brito Carlos , Ferreira Francicleber
Published: October 2019

In this review, Hutto and Myin’s new book “Evolving Enactivism: Basic Minds Meet Content” (2017) is critically presented. Although they do not provide a detailed cognitive science theory based on their Radical Enactive approach, one may say that Hutto and Myin originally address the perennial philosophical issue about our nature as human beings giving an impossible-to-neglect enactivist contribution to the current state-of-art in the discussion concerning embodied cognition.
Claude Bernard and his concept of physiological function
Authors: Caponi Gustavo
Published: October 2019

The way in which Claude Bernard understood the functional attributions proper to Physiology can be better understood considering what, in the current Philosophy of Biology, is characterized as the conception of functions as causal roles. Moreover, the way in which Bernard explains the notion of function serves to show the sufficiency of this conception of the concept of function in Physiology, and to show that the etiological conception of the concept of function does not consider the assumptions under which, the functional imputations that are given in Physiology, are admitted. Bernard's approach states that the notion of function is not a historical notion and that functional analyzes are only a particular form of causal analysis
Esgotamento do mundo atual: as condições materiais da reflexão sobre mundos possíveis na filosofia continental contemporânea
Authors: Saldanha Rafael
Published: October 2019

No presente texto, buscamos discutir as condições materiais que explicam o surgimento de certas investigações sobre mundos possíveis na filosofia continental contemporânea. Nossa hipótese é que essa questão surge no contexto de uma crise da imaginação e da crise climática, ambas resultantes dos movimentos internos à própria modernidade. Realizamos uma análise da gênese da modernidade e da sua crise a partir das obras de Reinhart Koselleck e Paulo Arantes, mostrando como há uma relação intrínseca entre o surgimento da modernidade como um movimento orientado para um horizonte de expectativas e, posteriormente, um movimento de decrescimento desse horizonte de expectativas. Nesse contexto, nos parece ser possível identificar o que une as discussões sobre mundos possíveis na filosofia continental contemporânea: trata-se de um movimento de tentativa de superação do esgotamento do mundo atual a partir de um movimento intensivo de pluralização dos mundos possíveis interiores ao mundo atual.
Necessidade e possibilidade nas ciências históricas: Resultados semânticos de uma tradução modal contradiodoreana e de uma lógica temporal occasmista para o passado
Authors: Medeiros Costa Vítor
Published: October 2019

Buscando interpretar certas sentenças modalizadas em ciências histórias, este artigo estabelece diferentes sentidos de “necessidade” e “possibilidade” e, dentro de lógicas temporais ramificadas para o passado, visa especialmente distinguir logicamente traduções de necessidade e possibilidade em instantes de tempo de traduções análogas em ramos históricos. Além disso, também explicitamos vantagens na abordagem por ramos históricos para capturar as diferentes intuições modais dos historiadores e naturalistas que reconstroem um passado provável/factual de diferentes modos (mas não de qualquer modo).
Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Measured at Admission to Predict Recovery from Acute Kidney Injury of Vietnamese ICU Patients
Authors: Thang Le V. , Kien Nguyen T. , Tuan Pham N. H. , Dung Nguyen T. T. , Kien Truong Q. , Ha Do M. , Toan Pham Q. , Ha Nguyen T. T. , Van Diem T. , Van Duc Nguyen , Nghia Vu X. , Dung Nguyen H. , Huong Nguyen T. T. , Vinh Hoang T. , Ha Le T.
Published: October 2019

Aims:

To evaluate the predictive value of urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) measured at the time of admission during the recovery from Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) after 90 days.

Materials and Methods:

This study includes 101 adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who were diagnosed as AKI (96 patients had been collected 24-hour urine and 5 patients with anuria). Acute kidney injury was diagnosed using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Urine NGAL was measured at admission using the BioVendor Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA.

Results:

The ratio of complete recovery patients after 90 days reached 71.9%. The mean of urine NGAL concentration in the recovery group was 242.04 ng/ml, lower significantly than that of non-recovery patients (371.1 ng/ml), p=0.007. At the cut-off value for 740.03 ng/ml, urine NGAL measured at admission predicted complete recovery with the area under the curve of ROC for urine NGAL = 0.888, p<0.001. Based on the multivariate regression analysis, serum urea, serum creatinine and urine NGAL were independent factors that effected the proportion of recovery in AKI patients (OR=0.856, p=0.023; OR=1.014, p=0.012 and OR=0.993, p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:

Serum urea, serum creatinine and urine NGAL were independent factors that effected the proportion of recovery in AKI patients. Urine NGAL in AKI patients measured at the time of the admission time to ICU can be used as a prognostic biomarker of recovery.
Decentralization and (De)Politization in Portugal
Authors: Abrantes Ruben Duarte
Published: October 2019

The decentralization is one of the most common features in the contemporary political world. It seems that the idea of centralizing the power in the state apparatus is out of fashion and the new idea is to transfer some competences of the state for the local power. In a globalized world where the state is losing its ground in the political arena, international organizations in the last decades are pushing towards a New Public Management where the state has delegated great part of his competences. Tactics like that are being analyzed by many scholars who give different responses to the matter. This paper develops an analysis of what is happening in Portugal since 2015 in terms of decentralization, adopting a government strategy position and Foucault’s theory of governmentality.

Resumo

A descentralização é uma das características mais comuns no mundo político contemporâneo. É aparente que a ideia de centralizar o poder no aparato estatal encontra-se fora de moda e a nova ideia é a transferência de algumas competências do Estado para o poder local. Num mundo globalizado em que o Estado perde terreno na arena política, as organizações internacionais nas últimas décadas estão a avançar em direção a uma nova gestão pública, na qual o Estado delegou grande parte de suas competências. Táticas como esta estão em análise por vários investigadores que dão respostas diferentes ao assunto. Este artigo desenvolve uma análise do que está a ocorrer em Portugal desde 2015 em termos de descentralização, adotando uma posição estratégica do governo e a teoria da governamentalidade de Foucault.
Revolutionary Waves in Europe and the World as the Aftermath and Factors of Global Modernization
Authors: Розов Николай , Rozov Nikolay , Пустовойт Юрий , Pustovoyt Yuriy , Филиппов Сергей , Filippov Sergey , Цыганков Владислав , Cygankov Vladislav
Published: October 2019

Using historical analysis, the authors identify and classify revolutionary waves — a number of closely spaced upheavals having a common cause or triggering each other. These waves are explored in two dimensions: as components of six turbulent periods in the history, the rhythms of modernization associated with it, and as internal patterns bringing imminent regime falls and success of protest leaders. As exemplified by “Ignition of quenchers” model, the authors show a causal chain, where revolutionary success in “ripe” societies with high instability and weak power seizes less “ripe” communities, where the failure of rebels produces a frustrating effect on others and quenches the wave. The paper provides and studies the most striking examples of wave dynamics: structural causes and specifics of the Asian wave, comparison of contrasting cases of “Spring of Nations” and “Arab Spring”, a complex interrelationship of internal and geopolitical processes based on the chronicles of the revolutionary events in Prussia in 1848–1849. The authors identify the general principles of the interrelationship of internal political dynamics and geopolitics during these revolutionary waves. In different societies and circumstances, a revo­lutionary wave spurs either accelerated modernization, or regression (counter-modernization), or conflicting results.
Legal Framework for the Delegation of State Authority to Entities under Private Law
Authors: Романовская Ольга , Romanovskaya Ol'ga
Published: October 2019

The paper explores the delegation of state authority to non-governmental organizations. Such delegation is associated with the need of tackling a number of tasks, among which there are enhanced efficiency of public governance, budget savings, more citizen engagement in state affairs and quick response to fast-paced economic and political processes. It is assumed that the bureaucratic system based on the conservative principles of building the state fails to cope with them, which necessitates a large-scale administrative reform. The paper dwells upon the main provisions of authority delegation ideology set forth by the renowned scholars — representatives of the Libertarianism (F. Hayek, R. Nozick, M. Rothbard, E. de Jasay, R. Thaler, etc.). The author identifies the core ways of increasing the efficiency of public administration using such forms of power deconcentration as deregulation, co-regulation, self-regulation, quasi-regulation. Each of them relies on authority delegation to non-governmental organizations. The author provides examples of practical implementation of such authority deconcentration, classifies principles governing the process of authority delegation to non-governmental organizations.
M.F. Gnesin: Artistic Vision and Features of the Composer Style
Authors: Карачевская Мария , Karachevskaya Mariya
Published: October 2019

The research focuses on M.F. Gnesin’s diverse creative legacy: scholarly and critical texts (mainly unpublished manuscripts) studied by music experts sporadically, as well as pieces of music (including not previously studied ideas). The paper dwells upon Gnesin's theses on the origin of music, its essence and properties, its position in the arts system — in the theoretical works; the author's concept of arts synthesis (in particular, music and painting); M.F. Gnesin’s views on cultural identity, thoughts on further development of the Russian music after 1918, on the creative tasks of the Jewish professional composer school; in musical compositions — styles used by Mikhail Fabianovich as a composer (form, melody, harmony, rhythm). The purpose of the project is to obtain all-embracing insights into M.F. Gnesin’s overall multifa­ceted activity, to describe his aesthetic views, to highlight the core areas of academic and cri­tical legacy, to study the stylistic features of his music and to view them in the context of his artistic vision.
Evolution of the Paleolithic Industries in Altai According to the Archaeological Records of Denisova Cave
Authors: Шуньков Михаил , Shun'kov Mihail , Деревянко Анатолий , Derevyanko Anatoliy , Козликин Максим , Kozlikin Maksim
Published: October 2019

Today, Altai has the most insightful archaeological sites reflecting the ancient history of the vast space spanning from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean and from Mongolia to the Arctic Ocean. The most engaging findings in the study of the primitive period were obtained in the North-Western part of Altai based on the materials of a crosscutting study of multilayer Paleolithic sites in the valley upstream of the River Anuy. The longest cultural timeline was stu­died in Denisova Cave. Analysing the Pleistocene cave deposits, the researchers applied a number of modern methods in archeology, stratigraphy, lithology, paleontology, geochronology, and other related sciences. Besides cave deposits with numerous artefacts, they discovered extensive paleontological materials, which helped to trace the evolution of cultural traditions from the primitive period to the end of the Paleolithic era and reconstruct the living conditions of the primitive human beings across the paleogeographic stages of the Pleistocene. The latest anthropological discoveries in the cave are associated with the core issues in the development of Homo genus and the formation of modern man.
Archeology of Siberia in D.G. Messerschmidt’s Documents
Authors: Тункина Ирина , Tunkina Irina
Published: October 2019

The paper focuses on the study of unpublished documents about the archaeological sites of Siberia by the German natural scientist from Danzig, doctor of medicine Daniel Gottlieb Mes­serschmidt, who made the first scientific expedition to the Northeast of Eurasia (1719–1727) as instructed by Peter the Great. The preserved expeditionary sketches, not distorted by any subsequent engraving, are critical as they represent the first graphic reflection of ample archaeo­logical and epigraphic sites of Siberia discovered by the traveller. The documents helped to remodel not only D.G. Messerschmidt’s archaeological collection, but also the archaeological compilations of the first Russian public museum. The research helped to collect a complete set of graphic materials depicting the archeological sites of the first combined expedition to Siberia. It proves that D.G. Messerschmidt’s collection (370 artefacts) received by the Kunstkamera was the most representative Siberian archaeological collection not only in Russia of that time, but in the whole world.
Detection of genes associated with qualitative characteristics of gluten
Authors: Al-Azawi Nagham Majeed , Abed Ziyad Asmail , Al-Issawi Mohammed
Published: October 2019

The research was aimed at analyzing allelic variants of protein in wheat varieties used in Iraqi bakery and evaluating these varieties via genetic source using grain quality selection. Variety tests were carried out at field experimental station of Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The analysis of wheat grain quality was made after harvesting in mid August. Allele state of genes controlling the quality of gluten in wheat grain was determined using the PCR method. Samples of Iraqi wheat varieties 12 (soft wheat) and One (durum wheat) are characterized by considerable variation of gluten content and quality. The five varieties whose genotype include an allelic variant of high molecular weight glutenins Glu-D1 5+10 and subunit Glu-A1-2* (Fateh, Tamuz-3, Abighreb-3, Iraq and Maxibak) were also studied. The highest gluten content was from 31.5 % in Iraq to 35.3 % in Fateh variety, while the gluten quality was not below the second group. Five varieties - Farah, AlMurug, Sham-6, Tahadi and Sabirbeg - had unusual combination of the allelic state of Glu-D1 2+12 (which is usually associated with low gluten quality) with a 2* subunit for the Glu-A1 locus, which determines the possibility of improving gluten quality to the wheat varieties.
PRIMARIES AS A NEW COMMUNICATION FORMAT FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN VOTER AND THE PARTY CANDIDATE
Authors: Rep’eva Iana I
Published: October 2019

The transformation of electoral processes, as well as the introduction of new elements, as a rule, are due to the dynamic development and at the same time the increasing complexity of social relations. One of such manifestations is the active testing party of the mechanism of preliminary intraparty voting to determine the most effective candidates by the United Russia and their subsequent nomination to elected authorities of power. The use of a truly innovative candidate selection mechanism for the Russian Federation, for the first time in which all citizens with active electoral rights could join, was a demonstration of the party’s preparation for participation in the competition for single-mandate constituencies within the framework of the newly returned mixed electoral system in the elections of deputies of the State Duma. In the given conditions, the party declared its readiness to induce its regional organizations to reorient - the main political resource for it should be voter support. The key indirect effect of the use of this tool for the Russian voter was manifested in the expansion of the traditional boundaries of the application of active suffrage. Taking into consideration attention to the emerging practice of both its supporters and critics, as well as attempts to institutionalize, the author analyzed the background of the issue and formulated the advantages and threats brought by the primaries into the Russian electoral process. The basis of the study for the formulation of the problem and the formulation of possible arguments in favor of this procedure were the data of sociological and expert surveys, as well as the existing scientific works of authors who are few in this area of work.
THE PROBLEM OF SETTLEMENT OF THE SYRIAN CONFLICT AT THE NEW STAGE OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Vasetsova Elena S
Published: October 2019

The article deals with an urgent topic. The settlement of the Syrian conflict is still one of the biggest challenges of the international agenda of the second decade of the XXI century. Despite the statements of the elimination of the Islamic State, which is prohibited in Russia, the conflict is going on. We are witnessing a new cycle of an armed conflict in Syria. The aim of the article is to analyze the possibilities of the settlement of the Syrian conflict at the current state of its development. The article provides the chronology of fighting with the Islamic State, analyses the current configuration of forces acting in the conflict, studies the forces exacerbating the crisis. The author came to the following conclusions. The Middle East is experiencing a period of a profound transformation. The Syrian crisis has revealed the fundamental differences of interests between the main regional actors and the world center of power. The stabilization of the situation in Syria depends on the actions of the external parties of the conflict.
THE FALSE PROMISE OF COOPERATION IN THE JORDAN RIVER: STATE POLICIES AND DETERMINANTS
Authors: Muchie Zelalem
Published: October 2019

The study examines the false promise of cooperation in the Jordan River basin through the prism of state policies and determinants. The study is underpinned by the significance of pivotal riparian states. Based on their preeminence in determining the course of cooperation, the study considers Israel, Jordan and Palestine as pivotal riparian states. In terms of research methodology, qualitative approach was used. The study identified that domestic politics, regional dynamics and international water regimes are major determinant factors making cooperation to be a fantasy. Israel’s doctrine of exceptionalism both in the sense of statehood and government type and the reciprocated denial of co-basin states in this regard are domestic political factors that impede the course cooperative events. Israel’s geopolitical calculations via territorial expansion alongside of the Jordan River affect the cooperative milieu. The mere existence of water regimes either in the form of legal agreements or institutional attempts, does not bring effective cooperation. The finding of study shows that, domestic politics, regional dynamics and international water regimes are indeed determinant factors for the cooperative and conflictive nature of water sharing in the basin. The level of their impact however is neither equal nor constant. Importantly, these three factors affect and condition one another.
Desafios e descompassos de uma cidade rumo à indústria criativa
Authors: Lins Aline Maria Grego , Queiroga Maria Julia
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho visa mapear o cenário econômico e cultural da cidade do Recife no século XX com o objetivo de identificar iniciativas que contribuem para a indústria criativa da cidade hoje. Ao longo de sua existência, a capital pernambucana foi marcada por experiências culturais significativas, nas áreas do cinema e da tecnologia da informação. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que essas experiências contribuíram para a vocação criativa empreendedora da cidade e para o surgimento, no final do século, do Porto Digital. O presente artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, que optou pelo resgate histórico realizado a partir de fontes documentais, entre elas documentos oficiais, institucionais e publicações jornalísticas de diferentes suportes, tais como produtos digitais.