bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positivity in peer perceptions over time: Personality explains variation at zero-acquaintance, popularity explains differential change.
Authors: Rau Richard , Carlson Erika , Dufner Michael , Utesch Katharina , Kraft Livia , Krause Sascha , Nikoleizig Lucie , Nestler Steffen , Back Mitja D
Published: November 2021

People have characteristic ways of perceiving others’ personalities. When judging others on several traits, some perceivers tend to form globally positive and others tend to form globally negative impressions. These differences, often termed perceiver effects, have mostly been conceptualized as a static construct that taps perceivers’ personal stereotypes about the average other. Here, we assessed perceiver effects repeatedly in small groups of strangers who got to know each other over the course of 2 to 3 weeks and examined the degree to which positivity differences were stable vs. developed systematically over time. Using second order latent growth curve modelling, we tested whether initial positivity (i.e., random intercepts) could be explained by several personality variables and whether change (i.e., random slopes) could be explained by these personality variables and by perceivers’ social experiences within the group. Across three studies (ns = 439, 257, and 311), personality variables characterized by specific beliefs about others, such as agreeableness and narcissistic rivalry, were found to explain initial positivity but personality was not reliably linked to changes in positivity over time. Instead, feeling liked and, to a lesser extent, being liked by one’s peers, partially explained changes in positivity. The results suggest that perceiver effects are best conceptualized as reflecting personal generalized stereotypes at an initial encounter but group-specific stereotypes that are fueled by social experiences as groups get acquainted. More generally, these findings suggest that perceiver effects might be a key variable to understanding reciprocal dynamics of small groups and interpersonal functioning.
Diversity and Representation in Infant Research: Barriers and bridges towards a globalized science of infant development
Authors: Singh Leher , Cristia Alejandrina , Karasik Lana B. , Rajendra Sarah J. , Oakes Lisa M
Published: November 2021

Diversity and Representation in Infant Research: Barriers and bridges towards a globalized science of infant development Leher Singh, Alejandrina Cristia, Lana B. Karasik, Sarah J. Rajendra, and Lisa M. Oakes Author NoteLeher Singh, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Alejandrina Cristia, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France; Lana B. Karasik, Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island & Graduate Center, CUNY, Staten Island, New York, U.S.; Sarah J. Rajendra, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Lisa M. Oakes, Department of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, Davis, CA, U.S. Acknowledgments: This manuscript was supported by an ODPRT grant from the National University of Singapore to LS and by the J. S. McDonnell Foundation Understanding Human Cognition Scholar Award, European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ExELang, Grant agreement No. 101001095) grant awards to AC, National Science Foundation Grant DLS-1349044 and Grant DLS-1528831to LBK.Address for correspondence: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Leher Singh, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, 9 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 (psyls@nus.edu.sg) RUNNING HEAD: Global infant development AbstractPsychological researchers have become increasingly concerned with generalized accounts of human behavior based on participant representation. This concern is of particular relevance to infant research as findings from infant studies are often invoked to theorize broadly about the origins of human behavior. In this article, we examined participant diversity and representation in research published on infant development in four journals over the past decade. Sociodemographic data were coded for all articles reporting infant data published in Child Development, Developmental Science, Developmental Psychology, and Infancy between 2011 and 2022. Analyses of 1,682 empirical articles, sampling approximately 1 million participants, revealed consistent under-reporting of sociodemographic information. For studies that reported sociodemographic characteristics, there was an unwavering and strong skew towards White infants from North America/Western Europe over the decade sampled. To address a lack of diversity in infant studies and its scientific impact, a set of principles and practices are proposed to advance towards a more globally representative science.
An Investigation on Job Performance
Authors: Darwanti Dhenok , Mulyanto Edi
Published: November 2021

Apa yang melatarbelakangi penulisan buku ini ada beberapa hal diantaranya mengenai kurangnya perhatian atasan terhadap pemberian bonus PT. XY. Penulis juga menemukan fakta di lapangan bahwa karyawan bekerja melebihi batas jam kerja. Selain itu masih rendahnya tingkat kedisiplinan pegawai dalam mentaati peraturan yang berlaku dan masih rendahnya kesadaran perlunya absensi karyawan PT. XY. Melalui latar belakang inilah penulis mencoba membahas secara rinci aspek pengelolaan sumberdaya manusia pada PT. XY.
Variations of arsenic in groundwater from a transect in Van Phuc village, Hanoi
Authors:   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vu Thi Duyen ,   Research Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Lang The Anh ,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Pham Thi Kim Trang ,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Research Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Pham Hung Viet ,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   Research Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Berg Michael ,   Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
Published: November 2021

In this study, the author report detailed results of the variation of arsenic in groundwater along a transect in an area near the Hanoi city centre. The results showed that 64% of collected samples exceeded the WHO guideline value for arsenic concentration in drinking water. The arsenic concentration varied in a wide range, strongly depending on the sediment characteristics of each zone along the transect. Aside from As, groundwater in this area also was contaminated by elevated concentrations of Fe, Mn, and ammonium. The study also pointed out a positive correlation between As and reductive chemical species, namely DOC, NH4+, and CH4 in groundwater. Although there is no clear trend in the correlation between As and Fe, Mn, it can be concluded that the formation of arsenic in groundwater in the study area was due to the reductive dissolution of As-bearing iron minerals under the presence of organic matter.
Land suitability assessment in climate change and sea level rise conditions in Thai Binh provincewith GIS-ALES integration model
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Nam , Nguyen Thi Thuy ,   Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Luu The Anh ,   Central Insitute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CRES), Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh ,   Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nguyen Duc Thanh ,   Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Published: November 2021

Land suitability assessment is the scientific basis for rational land use planning. This assessment process relates to natural soil conditions (soil, topography, climate, hydrology, etc.). However, these factors are being changed due to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise, especially in coastal areas (saline intrusion, inundation), which should be included in the assessment. The results of applying the integrated GIS-ALES model for land suitability assessment in climate change and sea level rise in Thai Binh province, showed that the very suitable (S1) and suitable (S2) land area for rice cultivation, aquaculture, crops, and perennial crops (mainly fruit trees) were 92,818.5 ha, 34,518.6 ha, 27,424.9 ha, and 13,104.1 ha respectively. The spatial distribution of the appropriate grades was also shown on a 1/50,000 scale map. The results of this study help to orient planning the rational use of agricultural land for Thai Binh province.
Some characteristics of purpurin-18synthesised from chlorophyll a of Spirulina
Authors:   Nano and Energy Center, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Minh Hieu , Le Binh Duong ,   National Center for Technological Progress, MOST, Mai Anh Tuan ,   National Center for Technological Progress, MOST, Nguyen Thi Binh ,   National Center for Technological Progress, MOST, Bui Thi Thanh Phuong ,   National Center for Technological Progress, MOST, Pham Huong Son ,   National Center for Technological Progress, MOST, Nguyen Thi Lai ,   National Center for Technological Progress, MOST
Published: November 2021

Research and synthesis of photosensitive purpurin 18 (Pp-18) from nature is one of the topics that many research groups are interested in and developing. In this study, the authors defined some characteristics of Pp-18 synthesised from chlorophyll a - a substance isolated from Spirulina. The results showed that Pp-18 had good dispersion in acetone at 478.5 nm (R2=0.98285) and reached 98%. Fluorescence spectroscopy of Pp-18 in acetone was measured at a concentration of 70 ppm, wavelengths 365.39, 417.62, and 557.96 nm. The fluorescence lifetime of Pp-18 in acetone solution was 2.85 ns.
Application of aerobic granulation in SBR technology to treat low-strength urban wastewater
Authors:   Hanoi Architectural University, Pham Van Doanh , Nguyen Binh Minh ,   Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Tran Thi Viet Nga ,   Hanoi University of Civil Engineering
Published: November 2021

Sequencing Batch Reactor - SBR is an advanced technology to treat wastewater in Vietnam and around the world. Many studies showed that aerobic granular sludge could adapt to various types of wastewater with different organic loads such as industrial wastewater, winery and brewery wastewaters, landfill wastewater, municipal wastewaters. This paper presents the removal results of COD, NH4+-N, T-N, T-P by applying aerobic granulation in SBR technology to treat low-strength urban wastewater at Hanoi in the laboratory. Research wastewater is taken from Kim Lien wastewater treatment plant with OLR 0.4-0.6 kg COD/m3.day, equivalent to COD 150-200 mg/l, and studied for 55 days. Research is processed using the SBR technology with a bubble column of 0.11 m in diameter, 1 m in height, a water storage height of 0.8 m, and a working volume of 2.5 l. The reactor was sequentially operated 6 cycles/day. A cycle time is 4 h, in which: water filling phase 1-2 min, aeration phase 180 min, resting phase 20-30 min, discharge phase 10-15 min. The results showed the stable operation of the SBR technology with COD removal efficiency over 92% COD, 90% NH4+-N, 20% T-N, and 50% T-P.
Study on the lipid biosynthesis of twooleaginous yeast strains Rhodosporidium toruloidesVTCC 20689 and VTCC 20765
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Mai Thi Dam Linh , Do Thi Quynh ,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai ,   Centre of Experimental Biology, National Centre for Technological Progress, MOST, Pham Thanh Hien ,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Tran Van Tuan ,   Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Published: November 2021

The yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is capable of lipid biosynthesis and accumulation up to more than 30% of dried cell biomass. It is a potential source for biodiesel production. Recent studies have shown that the applications of culture technologies can promote increased lipid accumulation in R. toruloides. In this study, the authors investigated the lipid biosynthesis ability of two yeast strains R. toruloides VTCC 20689 and VTCC 20765 isolated in Vietnam. The results indicated that both strains have the ability to accumulate lipids up to approximately 45% of the dried biomass of cells when cultured at 30oC for 48 h in the culture medium with pH 5.5. Cultivation of these two yeast strains on some different carbon sources showed that sugarcane molasses can be used as a low-cost carbon source for efficient lipid biosynthesis. When growing both strains on the medium with sugarcane molasses, the lipid biosynthesis reached about 44%, which is equivalent to in the medium with glucose.
Isolation and selection of yeasts from soursop Annona muricata for wine fermentation
Authors:   Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty, Can Tho University of Technology, Doan Thi Kieu Tien , Do Thi Tuyet Nhung ,   Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty, Can Tho University of Technology, Le Tri An ,   Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty, Can Tho University of Technology, Tran Hoang Hiep ,   Food Technology and Biotechnology Faculty, Can Tho University of Technology, Huynh Thi Ngoc Mi ,   Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh ,   Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Huynh Xuan Phong ,   Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University
Published: November 2021

Wine is a healthy drink and is becoming more diverse thanks to the substances with high biological activity and fully preserved the antioxidant capacity in the fruit after fermentation by yeast. This study aims to isolate yeasts that are capable of soursop fermentation. There were eight yeast strains isolated, in which five strains of yeasts NM1.1, NM1.2, NM2.1, NM3.1, NM3.2 are capable of fermenting soursop wine. Wine product after fermentation using strain NM1.1 with initial conditions of 22ºBrix, pH 4.5, supplemented yeast 1% (w/v) at room temperature (28-30ºC), in twelve-day, produced the ethanol content 10% v/v, methanol 1.304 g/l, and SO2 10.9 mg/l that meet Vietnamese standards (QCVN 6-3:2010/BYT).
Study on development of an analytical procedure to quantify glyphosate by capillary electrophoresis method and its application for beverage
Authors:   Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, Nguyen Manh Huy , Tran Thi Ha ,   Thanh Do University, Vu Minh Tuan ,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Nguyen Thanh Dam ,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Duong Hong Anh ,   Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Pham Hung Viet ,   Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, VNU, Hanoi
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, the issue of fresh food, drinks, and residue analysis of toxic compounds in food and drinks is increasingly interested in society. In this study, an analytical procedure for quantitative analysis of the glyphosate residue in beverages such as tea infusion and beer was developed based on the capillary electrophoresis method with capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detector combined with sample preparation using solid phase extraction technique. The analytical conditions optimised for capillary electrophoresis equipment included: histidine/acetic acid background electrolyte solution with histidine concentration of 1 mM and pH value was adjusted to 2.75 by acetic acid; a separation voltage was 20 kV was applied and a high voltage injection at 20 kV for 10 seconds was chosen. The optimised analytical procedure has resulted in a low detection limit of glyphosate (0.42 μg/l), the repeatability and reproducibility expressed by the relative standard deviation of the peak area and migration time were both less than 10%, a wide linear range, and the obtained recovery efficiency of glyphosate on different drinks were achieved to values ranging from 88.7 to 96.3%.
Do pytannya pro orhanizatsiyu viddiliv viysʹkovoyi zdobychi Viysʹka Polʹsʹkoho v Skhidniy Halychyni ta zberezhennya kulʹturno-istorychnoyi spadshchyny pid chas polʹsʹko-ukrayinsʹkoyi viyny 1918–1919 rr
Authors: Rutar Volodymyr
Published: November 2021

Based on the archival materials of the Military Historical Bureau in Warsaw, this article analyses of the organization process and the legal basis of the operation of the war trophies departments at the supreme headquarters of the Polish Army in Eastern Galicia. It also discusses the main steps made to preserve cultural heritage and the problems that appeared during military operations.
Cyprian Norwid a idea środkowoeuropejskości
Authors: Samsel Karol
Published: November 2021

This article aims to reflect the potential connections between Cyprian Norwid, his literature and thoughts on Europe with the elements of the forthcoming concepts of Central Europeanism. On the one hand, the author of Vade-mecum can deliver a sensitized view of Central European multinationalism, especially in his Venetian short stories like Menego or Lord Singelworth’s Secret and meanwhile (in his political journalism, for example, Recit d’une peintre d’histoire) acts as if he was capable of efficiently understanding the first general XIX-century idea of Mitteleuropa. On the other hand, Norwid could react to the issues of Central Europeanism ambiguously and flamboyantly – among others by expressing the opinions about still primal and incestuous patriotism of Southern Slavs.
Lymphoma of the Spleen in a Developing Community
Authors: B. Onuigbo Wilson I.
Published: November 2021

From China, there was the report of a female patient with spleen lymphoma which involved the pancreas. In the USA case, the presentation was by way of rupture. Therefore, 4 Nigerian cases are deemed to be worthy of documentation.
A Review on the Anti-inflammatory activity of Hesperidin, A Bioflavonoid Synthesized by Citrus fruits
Authors: Jagetia Ganesh Chandra
Published: November 2021

Inflammation is an all-pervasive phenomenon and it is triggered as a countermeasure against pathogenic attack, harmful stimuli and damage to the body tissues. Generally, inflammation peters out once its cause gets terminated. However, persistence of (chronic) inflammation is harbinger of almost all diseases, which that inflammation needs to be tamed to ward off against its harmful effects. The natural products may be good candidates to suppress inflammation. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid consumed regularly by humans is attributed to possess several medicinal properties including free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory. This review mainly dwells on its anti-inflammatory property in various study systems. The regular use of hesperidin may be encouraged to stall inflammation related health disorders in humans.
The Evolutionary Origin of the Immune System, Neonatal Tolerance, Mhc Restriction
Authors: Cherukur Sunitha , Prasad Garrepally
Published: November 2021

Immunology has made tremendous progress during more than half century after Burnet's clonal selection theory was published, but there are still more questions than answers. What is the function of the immune system, given that invertebrates have lived without one for millions of years, although they are also susceptible to infections and tumors? On the other hand, the emergence of the immune system in evolution did not deliver higher animals from either infections or cancer. The concept of linked functions is an attempt at answering these and other related questions. The concept assumes that the evolutionary origin of the immune system is related to a primary nonimmune function rather than to self/ nonself recognition. However, the mechanisms used to fulfill this function proved to be a suitable basis for immune recognition, which, according to the concept, occurs at the level of receptor-bearing immune cells rather than receptors themselves. Since cross-reactivity is a common phenomenon, it is assumed that specific combinations of antigenic determinants, rather than determinants per se, serve as recognition criteria, antigen processing and MCH-II restriction being necessary steps of the immune recognition of these combinations. The new views on adaptive immunity suggest new approaches to preventing graft rejection and treating chronic infections and malignant tumors.
Experimental characterization of the interactions between bacterial floc and suspended solids by means of optical density measurements.
Authors: GALAND Quentin , THIERIE Jacques
Published: November 2021

Quantitative measurements of the properties of a natural multicomponent system, such as Municipal Wastewater (MWW) and Activated Sludge (AS), bring challenges in terms of analytical chemistry. In the present paper, we use the ‘Binary Model’ (BM), which is considering two kinds of particles of different nature able to absorb each other to form only one type of complex. This extremely simple modeling allows explaining non-intuitive measured optical properties behavior of MWW-AS mixtures. The experimental methodology used is very simple and relies on the measurements of the optical density of the mixtures by spectrophotometry. We derive a simple but realistic expression giving the optical density resulting from light scattering of mixed suspended particles. We report a series of experimental data obtained when characterizing samples of MWW and AS and illustrate the efficiency of the BM. This simple calculation already makes it possible to optimize strategies of flocculation/ coagulation of solids. We thus develop the bases of a simple and inexpensive methodology, able to provide information on complex particulate interactions which elucidation would otherwise require the use of very sophisticated analytical techniques.
Immunological Perspectives of sub-Saharan Populations under Prophylaxis against Malaria
Authors: Msema Bwire George , Mwambete Kennedy Daniel
Published: November 2021

Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection. Generated immune responses may be long lasting even lifelong or gives immediate, but short-lived protection. In malaria-endemic areas, young children and pregnant women are particularly susceptible to malaria, but with exposures protective immunity against malaria develop although sterile immunity is never achieved. Assuring protection to vulnerable populations, prophylaxis against malaria is advocated to pregnancy women and sickle cell disease children. Unfortunately, prophylaxis has been suggested to cause a decrease in exposure that curtails the development of acquired protective immunity, leaving individuals more susceptible to malaria in future. To describe this event, a review on effects of intermittent preventive therapy in pregnant women primigravidae (first pregnancy) in particular and chemoprophylaxis against malaria in sickle cell disease children was conducted.
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome During the First Six Months of Receiving Antiretroviral in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tungaraza Faustine , S. Kahere Augustino , M. Bwire George , Mloka Doreen , F. Felician Fatuma
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is referred to as the flare up of an underlying, previously undiagnosed infection or the worsening of a previously treated infection soon after antiretroviral therapy (ART) is started. Information about the prevalence and associated risk factors for IRIS in resource-constrained countries like Tanzania where access to ART is increasing is scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with IRIS among patients attending care and treatment clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital (CTC-MNH). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) who attended CTC-MNH between July 2016 and June 2018. Mann Whitney test was used to compare median CD4+ cells count and viral load at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Associated factors were analysed using multi-logistic regression. Statistics were done using GraphPad Prism 7 software and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 318 patients, 8.5% encountered IRIS. Compared to baseline readings, there were significant increases in CD4+ cells (P < 0.0001) and decrease in viral load count (P < 0.0001). Patients who did not adhere to HAART were more likely to develop IRIS [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.2, 95% CI; 1.14-15.60, P = 0.03]. Conclusion: This study found relatively low prevalence of IRIS as compared to those reported elsewhere. Moreover, poor adherence to HAART was found to be a risk factor for IRIS.
Does Immunomodulation Therapy of Sepsis Refer Directly to Tumor Immunotherapy?
Authors: Niu Bailin
Published: November 2021

Sepsis remains a major cause of mortality in critical care, and the failures of highly touted trials have caused experts to call for re-evaluation of the approach toward sepsis
Review on Health Benefits of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Its Inter-cropping Advantage with Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Abayechaw Desta , Yoseph Tarekegn
Published: November 2021

Traditional medicine provides an important health care service and can be used as an alternate therapy. Plants are rich in phytochemical compounds that offer a source of dietary ingredients used to treat various ailments and problems. Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is a rich source of polyphenols. These polyphenols have shown numerous biological activities and health benefits. Also, conserve biodiversity and manage soil-borne pests as well as enhance soil and plant health. Therefore, the review of the present study shows the bioactivity, health effects, and inter-cropping advantages of spearmint.
Chlorfenapyr and Methomyl Deterioration on Spinach Plants and Their Residual Effects in Vitro on Egyptian cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis)
Authors: A. Fetoh Badr El-Sabah , M. Ramadan Mahmoud , A. I. Ali Abdelhadi
Published: November 2021

Field trials conducted to determine the degradation of chlorfenapyr and methomyl insecticides in/on spinach leaves. Spinach plants sprayed with chlorfenapyr (Challenger Super™ 24% SC) and methomyl (Neomyl™ 90% SP) at the rates of 50 cm3/100 L water and 715 g/ ha, respectively. The QuEChERS method used for the extraction and clean-up of the samples. Residue amounts determined at 2 h, 2, 4, 6, 9, 13 and 16 days after application by UHPLC-UV. The mean of recovery percentages was 98.78 and 99.05 % for chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. The initial deposits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl on/in spinach leaves, two hours after a single application of the insecticides were 23.17 and 235.37 mg/kg, respectively. The percentages of dissipation of chlorfenapyr were 37.68, 55.29, 69.45, 84.45 and 96.83% for 2, 4, 6, 9 and 16 days after application. The corresponding dissipation percentages of methomyl were 38.27, 56.01, 71.44, 84.34 and 97.81%. The rates of degradation (k values) were 0.212 and 0.223, while the corresponding half-life times (t0.5) were 3.27 and 3.11 days with chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. It could be recommended that single application of chlorfenapyr on Spinach plants at the early ages followed by single application of methomyl at least 17 days before harvest.
Persea Americana L. (Avocado) Fruit Mesocarp intake in Experimental Diabetic Rats: Impacts and Implication of Mode of Consumption
Authors: Chukwudike Anyakudo Magnus Michael , Adekunle Adediji Ifeoluwa
Published: November 2021

Background: Few epidemiological data exist on the effects of the mode of consumption of avocado on diet quality, weight management, and lipoglycemic profile in diabetic condition and other metabolic disease risk factors. Objectives: This study investigated the metabolic, lipoglycemic, and anthropometric impacts of avocado fruit mesocarp intake and the implication of its mode of consumption on body weight gain, lipid profile, glycemic tolerance and control in male diabetic Wistar rats. Method: Twenty one (21) adult male Wistar rats (150-220g) were randomly categorized into three experimental groups (n = 7, each): Diabetic control fed with normal diet (DC); Diabetic rats fed with avocado supplemented diet (DSA); Diabetic rats treated with aqueous mesocarp extract of avocado (DAE). Diabetes was inducted with 150 mg/dL, alloxan monohydrate solution intraperitoneally. Animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitum for six weeks. Body weights and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations were measured twice weekly. LP and OGTT were conducted. Microsoft Excel and statistical SPSS program version 22 were used for data analysis. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Comparison between groups were made using Students’t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: Consumption of avocado mesocarp caused significant reduction in mean body weight gain (DSA: 13.75%; DAE: 10.17%; P value < 0.05) and blood glucose concentrations (DSA: 9.48%; DAE: 21.0%; P = 0.002) with significant improvement in glycemic tolerance and lipid profile (DAE > DSA) over the control. Peaked glycemic responses occurred at 30 minutes of glucose challenge in DSA and DAE groups. Conclusion: Avocado fruit mesocarp intake reduced body weight gain and blood sugar with improved lipid profile and glycemic tolerance in experimental diabetic rats while the mode of consumption influenced its potential impacts.
Characterization of the Functional State in Fragile Bigger Adults from the Medical Practice
Authors: Cuéllar Álvarez Jesús , Medardo Treto Aguedo , Guerra Morales Vivian Margarita
Published: November 2021

Context: the fragility of the elderly served in a community health area and to characterize elderlies according to fragility criteria. Objective: to characterize the functional state in fragile bigger adults from the medical practice. Material and Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional investigation with a quantitative approach was carried out between April 2017 and April 2018. Results: prevailed the alterations of mobility and balance in 54,8 %, only 16,1 % was alterations of the emotional state and 29,0 % was alterations functional cognitive. Conclusion: the presence of several fragility criteria such as elderlies older female sex with associated pathologies as hypertension.
Theory of Additional Corpus Biopsy for Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Bontha Vijay Kumar , Goli Swathi , Garrepally Prasad
Published: November 2021

Background: There is still debate on the best sites for biopsy- based tests of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastritis. This study was designed to determine if it is important to add corpus biopsies to the routine antral ones for identification of H. pylori, especially in case of gastric atrophy and/or intestinal metaplasia. Methods: A causative role is now accepted for Helicobacter (formerly Campylobacter) pylori in type B gastritis, and evidence is accumulating that H. pylori infection plays a major contributory role in peptic ulcer disease. Preliminary studies have reported that the prevalence of H pylori infection increases with age, but detailed information on the prevalence of the bacteria in any defined population and on the factors that may influence the pattern of distribution remains scanty. Results: Up to 85% of people infected with H. pylori never experience symptoms or complications. Acute infection may appear as an acute gastritis with abdominal pain (stomach ache) or nausea. Where this develops into chronic gastritis, the symptoms, if present, are often those of nonulcer dyspepsia: stomach pains, nausea, bloating, belching, and sometimes vomiting or black stool. Conclusion: H. pylori has been associated with colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer. It may also be associated with eye disease.
Gastro retentive Drug Delivery of Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride
Authors: chilukala Swathi
Published: November 2021

Drugs that are easily absorbed from the GI tract and have a short half-life are eliminated quickly from the blood circulation, require frequent dosing. To avoid this problem, the oral controlled release formulations are being developed. Gastro-retentive dosage forms have the potential from use as controlled release systems. The purpose of this research is to develop the gastro retentive drug delivery system of centrally acting alpha adrenergic agonist cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride (cyclobenzaprine HCl). It is well absorbed from the upper part of the GIT, due to short gastric residence time the bioavailability is low and hence it is need to develop a dosage form that releases the drug in stomach using gastro retentive system. Different formulations of cyclobenzaprine HCl gastro-retentive floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using various concentrations of HPMC K4M / HPMC K100M and combination of Psyllium husk and HPMC K100M as matrix forming agent. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as a gas generating agent that helps in maintaining the buoyancy. The prepared cyclobenzaprine HCl gastro-retentive floating granules were subjected to pre-compression properties to comply with pharmacopoeial limits and the prepared gastro-retentive floating tablets were characterized for weight variation, hardness, thickness and friability drug content, swelling studies. The floating lag time of all formulation is good and the Total floating time of all the formulations was >12 hours. The tablets were evaluated for in vitro release characteristics for 12hrs in 0.1N HCl at 37 oC and from this in vitro release studies the formulations F-5, F-9 and F-15 exhibited good controlled release profile of about 96.0%, 94.5% and 95.0% when compared with other formulations while floating on the dissolution medium.
Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome: An Overview
Authors: Kotb Mostafa , Beyaly Marwa
Published: November 2021

Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare congenital anomaly that is considered the most severe form of functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. This devastating condition is composed of non-obstructed urinary bladder, microcolon with decreased or absent intestinal peristalsis. This study was designed to describe the incidence and outcome of MMIHS.
Stomach This: A Novel Type of Gastritis
Authors: Lee Sean
Published: November 2021

Atrophic gastritis can be environmental in origin and involve the antrum or autoimmune in origin and involve the body and fundus. We present a rare case of autoimmune atrophic pangastritis (AIAP), a distinct type of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) affecting the entire stomach, which should be considered in patients with other autoimmune disorders.
Causes of Duodeno-Gastric Reflux as a Surgical Problem
Authors: Leonidovich Martynov Vladimir
Published: November 2021

The author points to duodeno-gastric reflux as gastric precancer. In the overwhelming majority of patients, GHD is caused by compression of the lower-horizontal part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery.
A Review of Colitis Ulcers in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Hadi Shiva , Bashi Masjed Mahtab Farrash , Shagerdi Esmaeli Naser , Asadi Shahin
Published: November 2021

Colitis ulcer disease is a chronic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is characterized by abnormal inflammation of the inner surface of the rectum and intestine, which makes up most of the length of the large intestine. Inflammation usually causes open sores (ulcers) in the large intestine. Doctors still do not know exactly what causes ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease, but genetics appear to play an important role. Family history is seen in many patients with ulcerative colitis. In fact, having a relative with ulcerative colitis is the biggest risk factor for the disease, meaning you may inherit the genetic cause of ulcerative colitis. In addition, some environmental factors are involved in the immune system attacking the colon and developing ulcerative colitis. Families with ulcerative colitis share some of the genes that appear to be linked to the disease. Note that several genetic changes may play a role in the development of ulcerative colitis. Genes may stimulate ulcerative colitis by altering the immune system response or disrupting the protective barrier of the intestinal wall.
Quality of Different Brands of Metronidazole Benzoate Oral Suspensions Available at Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: Pharmaceuticals Quality Study
Authors: Sosengo Teshome , Adem Fuad , Abdella Jemal
Published: November 2021

Background: Poor quality drugs include substandard and counterfeit medicines. Poor quality antibiotics selectively kill the susceptible strain and leaves resistant strain to multiply. Metronidazole is a broad spectrum antibiotic whose effectiveness depends up on a dose administered to the patient. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the quality of different brands of metronidazole Benzoate oral suspension available in Jimma town, West Ethiopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, West Ethiopia from Feb 08 – Mar 28, 2018. The assay result of all the seven brands of Metronidazole Benzoate oral suspensions was entered to statistical package for social sciences software version 24.0 for windows. Then, one way analysis of variance was performed using Tukey test to determine whether there exists significant difference in assay result of the brands (p<0.05). Result: All the seven Metronidazole benzoate oral suspensions assessed in this study passed British Pharmacopoeia 2013 specification of identity test of the drug. All the brands passed the assay test and total aerobic microbial count specification United States Pharmacopoeia 2015. The highest percentage of drug content was obtained for Metrolag, 105.56%, while the least content for Mizel, 93.12%. However, statistical comparison of drug contents at 95% confidence interval indicates that there is significant difference in drug content within and among the seven brands of Metronidazole benzoate oral suspensions (p<0.05). The pH of all the brands was with in United States Pharmacopoeia 2015 specification limit.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B e-Antigen among Hepatitis B positive subjects in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi
Authors: O.W Onwurah , C.I Ajuba , C.G Nwoke , M.U Anokwute
Published: November 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common cause of liver disease throughout the world. Cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma develop in 15–40% of chronically infected hepatitis B virus individuals. HBV is transmitted through blood and other body fluids, including semen and saliva. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBeAg amongst HBsAg positive subjects in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (NAUTH) . This study was a cross sectional study and data were collected through oral interview and questionnaire. Five milliliters of blood was collected aseptically from the antecubital veins of consenting 100 HBsAg positive subjects into sterile containers free of anticoagulants. The sample was separated by low- speed centrifugation and the serum obtained was analyzed for HBsAg and HBeAg using diagnostic HBsAg panel kit (Diagnostic Automation/ Cortez Diagnostic Inc, USA). The result showed 6% HBeAg prevalence among the 100 HBsAg-positive patients in NAUTH. The HBsAg patients that tested positive for HBeAg were all males. The study concluded low prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg patients in NAUTH.
Psychoanalysis of the Doctrine of Acute Pneumonia
Authors: Klepikov Igor
Published: November 2021

It is difficult to predict how the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, would react to an attempt to link his theory and the method of treating mental disorders based on it [1] with such a purely physical disease as acute pneumonia (AP). It is unlikely that such an innovation could cause full approval and support. However, in this context, we are not talking about psychoanalysis as a therapeutic method for AP. In this case, only the diagnostic features of this technique are of interest. The essence of psychoanalysis, which is based on the search for the causes of the so-called echoes of the past, as well as the connection between conscious and unconscious phenomena, can be useful in order to understand the causes of errors and paradoxes that exist in solving the problem of AP. In other words, we are not talking about the nuances of the disease itself, but about the peculiarities of its nature, since the interpretation of the essence of AP determines the principles of treatment and the final results.
Assessment of Knoweledge and Reasons towards Substance Abuse among Community in Kebele 08, Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Bogale Selam , Sosengo Teshome
Published: November 2021

Background: Substance abuse is self-administration of drugs for non-medical reasons, in quantities and frequencies which may impair an individual’s ability to function effectively and which may result in social, physical and emotional problems. Substance abuse is becoming a serious ongoing public health problem; it affects almost every community and family in some way. The common substances abused in most African countries including Ethiopia are alcohol, chat and tobacco Objective:To assess Knewledge, attitude and practice toward substance abuse abuse among the community of kebele 08 community, ShenkorWereda, Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia from December 10, 2020 – February 1, 2021. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study using a pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaire was conducted from December10, 2020 to February 01, 2021.Simple random sampling technique was used to select 379 respondents from kebele 08, Shenkorworede, Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia residents. The data collection was done using a self-administered structured questionnaire and the data was entered and analyzed by using statistical package for social science version 24. The result is presented in tables and figures. Result: In this study 379 respondents were included. The 206 (54.4%) of the respondents were abused to drinking alcohol, while 61.5%, 32.7% and 13.7% of the respondents were abused to chewing khat, smoking cigarettes and hashish respectively.The 201(53%), 55 (14.5%), 48 (12.7%),30(7.9%),32(8.4%) of participants responded that smoking causes heart attack, diabetic ulcer, impotency, bladder cancer and poor wound healing respectively. The health risks of khat chewing reported by the participants were constipation 58(24.1%), loss of appetite 34(14.1%), gastritis 33(13.7%) and teeth problem 22(9.1%) respectively.In the current study age [AOR=19, 95% CI: 2.46-19.46] and educational status [AOR=43.19, 95%CI: 8.42-187.84] are associated with knowledge about substance abuse. Conclusion and Recommendation: Despite high level of knowledge regarding substance abuse, the prevalence of substance abuse among community remains high.
Behavior from the Mortality in Cuba 1990-2018
Authors: Hernández Fé Fernández , Sánchez González Efraín
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Mortality behavior is close related to the human develop. Countries with higher life expectancy have more opportunity to develop their producer forces and become this develop in economic grow and social development. These reasons appoint to a closer researching about the behavior from main death causes in Cuba. Objective. To describe the behavior from the mortality in Cuba from 1990 to 2018. Methods. Was made a descriptive research about the behavior from the mortality in Cuba from 1990 to 2018. As teoricals methods were used the inductive – deductive, the comparative and the historic – logic. As empiric methods were used the bibliographic research and the Ordinary Less Square. All graphs and equation were obtained using MS Excel 2007. Results. The middle incidence rate is close to 91 deaths annually by death cause. From the 10 main death causes in Cuba, Hearth illness, Cancer, Brain vascular illness and Flu and pneumonia are the most significant in the researched period. All these four death causes show a higher incidence rate than the middle from the ten, being the mortality by cancer the most relevant. Conclusions. From the ten main death causes in Cuba from 1990 to 2018, Hearth illness, Cancer, Brain vascular illness and Flu and pneumonia are the more significant because all them are growing during all time researched.
The Biophysical Function of the Human Inner Ear
Authors: Vincze Janos , Vincze-Tiszay Gabriella
Published: November 2021

The ear transforms soft mechanical vibration of air particles into electrical signals, which reach the appropriate part of the cerebral cortex for processing by means of auditory nerves. The process of the hearing is next: the eardrum vibrates from the sound waves; auditory ossicles amplify the stimulus; in an oval window, the vibration is transmitted to the fluid space of the inner ear; iIt vibrates the basilar membrane; what is pressed against the membrane tectoria; the stereocilliums of the hair cell bend, ion channels open; hair cell depolarizes; stimulus is dissipated in cerebrospinal fluid VIII (vestibulocochlearis); temporal lobe primary auditory cortex (Brodman 41, 42); association pathways: speech comprehension (Wernicke area). For the rising prevalence of psychoses (mental disorders) in the last decades among towns­people, these stimuli – as compared to the abandoned environment – and the adaptation to them may also play a definite role. The man, therefore, enjoying worths and conveniences of the civilization has to size every opportunity to get into the open, to compensate the monotony of the external stimuli, in a word, to grant his organism those stimuli which he claims as a biological creature. This human demand – it seems – is such a great physiological need that our organism cannot be without even in the evening. At least this turns out according to the researches relating sleep and dreaming.