bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MaxEnt brings comparable results when the input data is being completed; model parameterization and background manipulation of four species distribution models
Authors: Ahmadi Mohsen , Hemami Mahmoud-Reza , Kaboli Mohammad , Shabani Farzin
Published: September 2022

Species distribution models (SDMs) are practical tools to assess the
habitat suitability of species with numerous applications in
environmental management and conservation planning. The manipulation of
the input data to deal with their spatial bias is one of the
advantageous methods to enhance the performance of SDMs. However, the
development of a model parameterization approach covering different SDMs
to achieve well-performing models has never been implemented. We
integrated input data manipulation and model tuning for four
commonly-used SDMs; generalized linear model (GLM), gradient boosted
model (GBM), random forest (RF), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and
compared their predictive performance to model geographically imbalanced
biased data of a rare species complex of mountain vipers. Models were
tuned up based on a range of model-specific parameters considering two
background selection methods; random and background weighting schemes.
The performance of the fine-tuned models was assessed based on a
recently identified localities of the species. The results indicated
that although the fine-tuned version of all models shows great
performance in predicting training data (AUC > 0.9 and TSS
> 0.5), they produce different results in classifying
out-of-bag data. The GBM and RF with higher sensitivity of training data
showed more different performances. The GLM, despite having high
predictive performance for test data, showed lower specificity. It was
only the MaxEnt model that showed high predictive performance and
comparable results for identifying test data in both random and
background weighting procedures. Our results highlight that while GBM
and RF are prone to overfitting training data and GLM over-predict
non-sampled areas MaxEnt is capable of producing results that are both
predictable (extrapolative) and complex (interpolative). We discuss the
assumptions of each model and conclude that MaxEnt could be considered
as a practical method to cope with imbalanced-biased data in species
distribution modeling approaches.
Predicting AFM Topography From Optical Microscopes Using Deep-Learning
Authors: Jeong Jaewoo , Kim Taeyeong , Lee Bong Jae , Lee Jungchul
Published: September 2022

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is routinely used as a metrological tool among diverse scientific and engineering disciplines. A typical AFM, however, is intrinsically limited by low throughput and is inoperable under extreme conditions. Thus, this work attempts to provide an alternative with a conventional optical microscope (OM) by training a deep learning model to predict surface topography from surface OM images. The feasibility of our novel methodology is shown with germanium-on-nothing (GON) samples, which are self-assembled structures that undergo surface and sub-surface morphological transformations upon high-temperature annealing. Their transformed surface topographies are predicted based on OM-AFM correlation of 3 different surfaces, bearing an error of about 15% with 1.72× resolution upscale from OM to AFM. The OM-based approach brings about significant improvement in topography measurement throughput (equivalent to OM acquisition rate, up to 200 frames per second) and area (∼1 mm). Furthermore, this method is operable even under extreme environments when an in-situ measurement is impossible. Based on such competence, we also demonstrate the model’s simultaneous application in further specimen analysis, namely surface morphological classification and simulation of dynamic surfaces’ transformation.
GEJ Signet Ring Cell with skip lesion to mid Esophagus post neoadjuvant
Authors: Sindy Abdullah , Batouk Abdulnasir , AlAmoudi Fahad , AlBaroudi Ataa
Published: September 2022

Signet ring cells consider one of the rare diagnosis that can be managed
among the oncological diseases.Confined on poor prognosis and
advancement of their stage.Not seems to be affected properly with the
chemotherapy. And still the surgical option is the best in operable case
to decrease the burden
Sensory neural hearing loss in Behcet's disease successfully controlled with infliximab, case report and review of literature.
Authors: Faisal Mohanad , Barjas Haider , Alwassiti Wisam , omer Walid , Abdulla Nabeel
Published: September 2022

Behcet’s disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder occasionally
associated with otological manifestations, including sensorineural
hearing loss. We are reporting a case of Behcet’s disease, which was
complicated by sensorineural hearing loss and managed successfully with
anti-TNF agent Infliximab.
A Very Rare Diagnosis: Neurocutaneus Melanomatosis in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Akgiray Zeynep , Çandır Enes , Çakır Aslı , Çalış Elif , Telhan Leyla , İşlek İrem , Doğan Mehmet , Topçu Yasemin , Cakmak Alpay , Bayram Nihan , Yaman Yöntem , Elli Murat , Anak Sema
Published: September 2022

We report a case of a 6-year-old girl, with the diagnosis of
neurocutaneous melanomatosis (NCM). Presentation can be without
significance and biopsy is required for the diagnosis. In literature our
treatment protocol is striking and the quality of life during the
treatment process was pleasing.
Injecting a Ventricular Tachycardia into the heart; a unique case report
Authors: Plevritaki Anthoula , Kanoupakis Emmanuel , Koutalas Emmanuel , Lazopoulos George L. , Patrianakos Alexandros P. , Foukarakis Εmmanuel , Lempidakis Dimitriοs , Kalogerakos Paris , Koutentakis Dimitrios , Kochiadakis George E.
Published: September 2022

A 52-year-old woman presented with malignant ventricular
arrthythmogenesis intraoperatively during kyphoplasty for an
osteoporotic fracture of a lumbar vertebra. No previous cardiovascular
condition was known. Causes of arrhythmogenesis associated with the
procedure were excluded. Due to her positive family history for dilated
cardiomyopathy, upcoming thoughts were made for unmasking a previous
asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, an intracardiac cement
embolism was diagnosed and, finally, the patient underwent an open heart
surgery with successful removal of the cardiac cement while no new
arrhythmogenic episode was recorded during follow up.
Evolved parental responses to offspring solicitation reflect energetic demands, environmental predictability, and offspring predation risk
Authors: Mouton James , Martin Thomas
Published: September 2022

Parental responses to offspring solicitation differ among species and
have major implications for fitness, but the evolutionary drivers of
this diversity are poorly studied. Here, we experimentally amplified
begging calls at nests of 25 songbird species in tropical and north
temperate communities. We analyzed parental provisioning responses using
phylogenetic path analysis to test the possible roles of demographic
(offspring predation or adult survival rates), ecological (food
predictability) or physiological (offspring energy need) traits in the
evolution of parental responsiveness to begging. Species with smaller
body mass, more unpredictable food availability, and greater offspring
predation rates were more responsive to begging. In contrast, we found
little support for direct effects of adult survival on parental
responses. Ultimately, the evolution of parental responsiveness to
offspring solicitation is strongly related to energetic needs of young
and the predation costs of begging.
Rock-Paper-Scissor Dynamics and Intransitive Competition link Ecology and Evolution
Authors: Delgado Giacomo , Maynard Daniel , Jokela Jukka , Crowther Thomas
Published: September 2022

Rock-paper-scissors (RPS) dynamics have been shown to affect the
evolutionary relationships within populations. These processes are
analogous to the ways in which intransitive competition modifies
ecological outcomes and the co-existence between species within
communities. Here we explore the similarities between rock-paper-scissor
dynamics and intransitive competition and how this link opens new
avenues of research into eco-evolutionary processes. Intransitivity can
drive the stable coexistence of phenotypes within species, as well as
the diversity of species within communities. In addition, the links
between these dynamics highlight possible feedback mechanisms that might
operate across these evolutionary and ecological scales. Using
simulations, we show that greater intraspecific intransitivity within a
population can lead greater levels of intransitivity at the
community-level, with direct implications for community diversity and
stability. As such, RPS dynamics and intransitivity can serve as an
ideal conceptual framework to understand the feedback mechanisms that
drive diversity across evolutionary and ecological scales.
Long-term consequences of obstetric anal sphincter rupture: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Åström Linnea , Almkvist Louise , Gunnarsson Ulf , Strigård Karin
Published: September 2022

Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence of anal incontinence (AI)
two years after diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter rupture (OASR),
relate the degree of AI to self-reported quality-of-life and identify
possible risk factors for AI in this population. Design A
cross-sectional study. Setting County of Västerbotten, Sweden.
Population All women diagnosed with OASR following vaginal delivery
according to the medical records. Methods Questionnaires targeting
faecal incontinence and quality-of-life were sent to the women. A
reminder was sent after one month. Continuous and categorical data were
analysed using Pearson Chi-square and analysis of variance. Main Outcome
measures Presence of AI >2 years after the diagnosis of
OASR, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). Results Of the cohort
of women with OASR, 29.4 % suffered from severe or very severe AI
>2 years after delivery. Level of AI was associated with
reduced HRQoL, pain, fatigue, anxiety, negative body image, urinary
incontinence, embarrassment, and dyspareunia. Induction of labour and
BMI > 25 kg/m2 were identified as factors associated with
less risk for AI after OASR. Conclusions The results presented clearly
stress the need to improve techniques for the repair of OASR as well as
careful follow-up of all women with this diagnosis. Psychological
consequences and symptoms from the pelvic floor other than AI should be
sought and attended.
An overview of experimental methodologies for bioactive glass-coated Ti implants assessment in orthopedic and dental applications
Authors: Lu XinYue , Li Yu Ru , Zheng XinRu , Geng XiaoYu , Wang XuanYi , Yang Dan , Jiang Heng Bo
Published: September 2022

Bioactive glass, as an ideal biomaterial, is not suitable for
load-bearing parts because of its high brittleness and has been applied
for surface modification to manufacture composite materials. Titanium
alloy is bio-inert and prone to loosening, which leads to implant
failure and infection after implantology. Applying bioactive glass to
titanium and its alloys in the form of coating combines titanium metal’s
superior mechanical properties and bioglass’s good biological
properties. In this review, the authors searched and screened four
databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, for
articles published since 2013, finally, 49 articles were included to
investigate the biological properties of bioactive glass coatings on
titanium and its alloys. From the perspective of methodology, this
review aims to summarize the methodologies performed for detecting the
biological properties including biocompatibility and bioactivity of
coatings were also concluded, covering the experimental process and
principle of the included studies, therefore, providing learning
materials for new researchers in material science and biotechnology.
Mineral oil hydrocarbons in minimally processed nutraceutical oils
Authors: Adewusi Oladimeji , Budge Suzanne , Barry Christopher , Ritter Jenna Sullivan
Published: September 2022

The presence of unintended chemicals in food products and supplements
may impact consumers’ health negatively. Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOHs)
in particular are gaining research attention and have been detected and
quantified in food products and supplements in the past. The aim of this
study was to analyze encapsulated, and bulk minimally processed marine
oils for MOHs and to evaluate the probable sources of these compounds.
Hydrocarbons in supplement oils were extracted via saponification and
analyzed by gas chromatography with both flame ionization and mass
spectral detection. While no mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH)
were detected in any sample, the analysis revealed the presence of
mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in 9 out of 10 minimally
processed encapsulated oils. The MOSH appeared on the chromatograms as
an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) with concentrations ranging from 376
± 49 to 3831 ± 414 mg kg-1. These values are well below the maximum
allowable limits for MOH in encapsulated products set by the United
States Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, all the tested products
are compliant with the US regulations. Moreso, the bulk oil samples did
not contain detectable levels of MOH. This study suggests that MOH
accumulation in encapsulated products is likely due to the use of
lubricants during encapsulation, rather than environmental sources such
as oil spills since MOAH that are characteristic of weathered petroleum
products were not identified in the UCM.
A novel motion recognition method based on improved two-stream convolutional neural network and sparse feature fusion
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: September 2022

Motion recognition is a hot topic in the field of computer vision. It is a challenging task. Motion recognition analysis is closely related to the network input, network structure and feature fusion. Due to the noise in the video, traditional methods cannot better obtain the feature information resulting in the problem of inaccurate motion recognition. Feature selection directly affects the efficiency of recognition, and there are still many problems to be solved in the multi-level feature fusion process. In this paper, we propose a novel motion recognition method based on an improved two-stream convolutional neural network and sparse feature fusion. In the low-rank space, because sparse features can effectively capture the information of motion objects in the video, meanwhile, we supplement the network input data, in view of the lack of information interaction in the network, we fuse the high-level semantic information and low-level detail information to recognize the motions by introducing attention mechanism, which makes the performance of the two-stream convolutional neural network have more advantages. Experimental results on UCF101 and HMDB51 data sets show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of motion recognition.
Case 5: Challenges in the Management of Pancreatogenic (Type 3c) Diabetes
Authors: Han Katrina , McGill Janet
Published: September 2022

A 33-year-old female with a history of hereditary pancreatitis and type 3c diabetes was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and nausea. The endocrine service was consulted for inpatient management of diabetes. She experienced her first episode of pancreatitis at the age of 5 and was soon after diagnosed with hereditary pancreatitis. On genetic testing, she was found to have an R122H PRSS1 (protease serine 1) variant, which is an activating mutation in trypsinogen and the most common variant in patients with autosomal-dominant hereditary pancreatitis. She underwent a partial pancreatectomy and jejunostomy at age 14 but continued to have chronic abdominal pain and recurrent pancreatitis episodes, requiring chronic opioids for pain management. Persistent abdominal pain impeded her ability to maintain consistent follow-up. This sporadic treatment contributed to inadequate compliance with her diabetes regimen. Issues with insurance and medication cost led to inconsistent treatment with oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.
Case 7: Sweet’s Syndrome in a Patient With Diabetes
Authors: Singh Nandu Nitish , Patel Sabah , Gilden Janice
Published: September 2022

A 66-year-old male patient with type 2 diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was evaluated by endocrinology for continuing diabetes management. His complaints were dizziness with frequent falls and decreased sensation in his lower extremities. He had diabetes for the past 11 years, with blood glucose values ranging from 150–490 mg/dL and HbA1c of 8.4–14.1%. He reported poor compliance with diet and medications. Five years previously, he was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy and orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic dysfunction. These symptoms were presumed to be as a result of his poorly controlled diabetes. Although he smoked cigarettes, he had no other significant contributory social or family history.
Case 9: Glucose Intolerance Associated With ACTH-Dependent Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Kumar Nitya , Spratt Susan
Published: September 2022

A 67-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was admitted to the hospital for non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the setting of worsening lower-extremity edema and hypokalemia. He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 20 years prior and had been well controlled, with a recent HbA1c of 6.5%. At the time of admission, he was on metformin and sulfonylurea therapy.
Case 11: A Case of Histiocytosis-Lymphadenopathy Plus Syndrome Due to a Novel Mutation in the SLC29A3 Gene and Presentation With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Yesiltepe-Mutlu Gul , Ozbek Mehmet , Cengiz Eda
Published: September 2022

An 11-and-a-half-year-old boy of Kurdish descent born to consanguineous parents presented to our clinic with polydypsia, polyuria, and weight loss. His prenatal and natal medical history was unremarkable. His prior medical history was significant for hearing loss at 2 years of age and surgical repair of omphalocele. He was reported to have low school performance and was enrolled in a special education class. There was a family history of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in his father, maternal grandmother, and paternal grandmother in their late 40s.
Case 20: Partial β-Cell Destruction: An Atypical Case of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Diabetes
Authors: Quandt Zoe , Mehta Paras , Tsai Katy , Hsiao Victoria , Rushakoff Robert
Published: September 2022

A 50-year-old woman was started on adjuvant pembrolizumab for stage IIIC melanoma after surgery. She had no prior history of diabetes, thyroid disease, or other autoimmune disease.
Case 21: Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Diabetes
Authors: Mehta Paras , Quandt Zoe , Rushakoff Robert
Published: September 2022

A 70-year-old Asian woman with unresectable lung adenocarcinoma was referred for abnormal thyroid function tests and hyperglycemia. She had no personal or family history of thyroid disease, hyperglycemia, or autoimmune disorders.
Case 25: Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in an Adult With Insulin Allergy
Authors: Dawkins Makeda , Myers Alyson
Published: September 2022

A 49-year-old African American female with a past medical history of hypothyroidism, psoriasis, and gestational diabetes (diet-controlled 20 years prior) was transferred from an outside hospital for an allergy consultation.
Case 29: Can a Lupus Flare Cause Autoimmune Diabetes?
Authors: Havrylyan Andriy , Gilden Janice
Published: September 2022

A 62-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed in 1997, with renal biopsy confirming nephritis and later pulmonary involvement, autoimmune hypothyroidism, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Raynaud’s phenomenon, myasthenia gravis, and fibromyalgia, was referred to Endocrinology for worsening hyperglycemia during acute hospitalization for shortness of breath.
Case 30: Feasibility and Utility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in an Adult With Type 1 Diabetes and Down’s Syndrome
Authors: Flint Kristen , Toschi Elena
Published: September 2022

A 30-year-old male with Down’s syndrome, type 1 diabetes, and hypothyroidism presented to the adult endocrinology clinic with his father. His history was significant for type 1 diabetes, diagnosed at 2 years of age, complicated by mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and the inability to communicate symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Case 38: Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes Case Series: Effects of the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Modulator on Glycemic Control
Authors: Ullal Jagdeesh , Merjaneh Lina , Hughan Kara , Kelly Andrea
Published: September 2022

Case 1 was a 20-year-old female with pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis (CF) (delF508/delF508), severe obstructive lung disease, cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD), malnutrition, depression, and nonadherence to treatment regimen. Case 2 was a 48-year-old female with pancreatic-insufficient CF (delF508/delF508) who was diagnosed with CFRD at age 19 years during a hospitalization for pneumonia and glucocorticoid treatment, when her blood glucose concentrations were as high as 600 mg/dL.
Case 42: Transient Severe Insulin Resistance in COVID-19 and Prediabetes
Authors: Hawkins R. Matthew , Adair Whitney , Gibbs Joanna , Vinh Jennifer , Low Wang Cecilia
Published: September 2022

A 40-year-old woman presented with 6 days of worsening dyspnea. She had a history of prediabetes, hypertension, chronic hypoxic respiratory insufficiency, and severe obesity with a BMI of 69 kg/m2. She was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and admitted to the hospital.
Case 44: Severe Fetal Malformation Related to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kumar Aswathi , McGill Janet
Published: September 2022

The patient was a 33-year-old female who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at age 19 years. Her BMI at that age was ~35 kg/m2. She initially only required metformin, but stopped taking it and stopped coming to the clinic at age 25 years. She became pregnant at age 28 years and weighed ~298 lb, her BMI had increased to 49 kg/m2, and her HbA1c was 9.0%.
Case 45: Hyperglycemia from Oral Comfort Feeds
Authors: Parimi Nehu , Gundluru Rajani , Gardner Michael , Sowers James
Published: September 2022

he patient was a 27-year-old male with a complex past medical history of type 1 diabetes since the age 5 years; bipolar, schizoaffective disorder; and polysubstance abuse. He presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis that developed during an episode of acute opioid withdrawal and was admitted to the medical intensive care unit.
Case 47: Coincidence or Consequence? A Case of Type 1 Diabetes With Worsening Neuropathy
Authors: Low Wang Cecilia
Published: September 2022

A 28-year-old female with a 23-year history of type 1 diabetes was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis, precipitated by an upper respiratory infection in the setting of chronic ketosis on a low-carbohydrate diet for the past year.
Case 48: Challenges to the Management of Diabetes in Patients Who Undergo Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) Implantation
Authors: Usoh Chinenye , McClain Donald , Pisani Barbara
Published: September 2022

A 74-year-old man with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction 30%), atrial fibrillation, obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes complicated by peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, retinopathy, and stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) presented to the heart failure clinic for evaluation of heart failure refractory to diuretic therapy.
Measurement properties of the HOOS-PS in revision total hip arthroplasty: a validation study on validity, interpretability, and responsiveness in 136 revision hip arthroplasty patients
Authors: Korbee Sanne , Van Kempen Robin , Van Wensen Remco , Van der Steen Marieke , Liu Wai-Yan
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose: To determine whether the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical function Short-form (HOOS-PS) is able to appropriately evaluate physical function in revision hip arthroplasty patients, this study assesses psychometric properties of the Dutch HOOS-PS in this patient population.Patients and methods: We assessed psychometric properties of the HOOS-PS following the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria. Content validity, including comprehensibility, comprehensiveness, and relevance of the items, was assessed using cognitive debriefing interviews in hip revision patients (n = 8) and orthopedic surgeons specialized in revision surgery (n = 7). Construct validity, responsiveness, and interpretability (floor/ceiling effects) were assessed in revision hip arthroplasty patients (baseline n = 136, follow-up n = 67). We formulated hypotheses a priori to assess construct validity and responsiveness using the EuroQol 5-Dimensions Health Questionnaire, Numeric Rating scale for pain, and Oxford Hip Score as comparators. All questionnaires were measured at baseline and 1 year postoperatively. Results: We found insufficient content validity of the HOOS-PS, as relevance and comprehensibility of the items scored < 85% on the COSMIN criteria for revision hip arthroplasty patients. Construct validity was sufficient as all hypotheses were confirmed (≥ 75% COSMIN criteria). Interpretability was sufficient (< 15% COSMIN criteria) and responsiveness was insufficient (< 75% COSMIN criteria).Interpretation: The Dutch HOOS-PS is not able to sufficiently evaluate physical function in revision hip arthroplasty patients. Minor changes in the items are needed for the HOOS-PS to become sufficiently content valid, because the HOOS-PS lacks relevant items and comprehensiveness.
Whole-body Cryostimulation: A Rehabilitation Booster
Authors: Capodaglio Paolo , Cremascoli Riccardo , Piterà Paolo , Fontana Jacopo Maria
Published: September 2022

A growing body of work suggests that whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) could play a role as a promising adjuvant therapy in various conditions of rehabilitation interest. In fact, WBC is currently being used to relieve symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, ankylosing spondylitis, depression and anxiety, multiple sclerosis, sleep disturbances, muscle soreness after strenuous physical exercise, post-Covid syndrome and obesity. WBC is not only a symptomatic physical therapy but rather represents an “adaptation therapy” because of the repeated shock-like cryogenic cold stimulus over the entire body surface that induces reactions in the autonomic, endocrine, circulatory, neuromuscular and immunological systems, resulting in an adaptation that contributes to the restoration of the homeostatic state. Therefore, based on the existing evidence, WBC can be described as follows:• a “training method” for the autonomic nervous system;• a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatment;• a treatment with beneficial effects on body composition and adipose tissue.In our opinion, the powerful effects of thermal stress on the physiological responses of the human body present unique features that could potentially be exploited to boost rehabilitation outcomes in various conditions. Therefore, we believe it is important to highlight the potential use of WBC for medical use and emphasize its relevance in the field of rehabilitation with the aim of stimulating scientific studies on the efficacy of WBC as an adjuvant treatment in various conditions of rehabilitation interest.
LAY ABSTRACTA growing body of work suggests that whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) could play a role as a promising adjuvant therapy in various conditions of rehabilitation interest, as it can act as • a “training method” for the autonomic nervous system;• a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidant treatment;• a treatment with beneficial effects on body composition and adipose tissue.Therefore, we want to highlight the potential use of WBC for medical use and its relevance in the field of rehabilitation with the aim of stimulating scientific studies on the efficacy of WBC as an adjuvant treatment in various conditions of rehabilitation interest.
Effect of Polymerization on the Color of Resin Composites
Authors: Korkut B , Dokumacigil G , Murat N , Atali PY , Tarcin B , Gocmen GB
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The initial shade of a resin-based restorative material should be the same as that after polymerization. In this study, the color changes of translucent and opaque composites from nine different brands were assessed after polymerization using a spectrophotometer and cross-polarization (CP) photography.

Methods and Materials

Thirteen nano-hybrid (Essentia LE, GC Corp; Ceram.x Duo SphereTEC A2E/A2D, Dentsply Sirona; Harmonize A2E/A2D, Kerr Dental; IPS Empress Direct A2E/A2D, Ivoclar Vivadent; Mosaic EN/A2, Ultradent Products; Clearfil Majesty Es-2 A2E/A2D, Kuraray Noritake; Charisma Topaz A2/OL, Kulzer), two supra nano-hybrid (Estelite Asteria NE/A2B; Tokuyama), two nano-filled (Filtek Ultimate A2E/A2D; 3M) light-curing resin composites, and one micro-hybrid (Essentia MD, GC Corp) light-curing resin composite were tested. Disc-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared using silicone molds (12 × 5 mm) and polymerized from both sides using an LED curing light (Elipar Deepcure S, 3M) at a light intensity of 1470 mW/cm2. Measurements were performed before and 1 day after polymerization using a contact-type dental spectrophotometer (Easy Shade 5, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and a combination of CP photography and Photoshop CC software (Adobe Inc, San Jose, CA, USA). Spectrophotometry and CP photography ΔE* values were calculated; the perceptibility threshold was a ΔE* value of 1.2. VITA spectrophotometry color change scores were also calculated and evaluated.

Results

The overall ΔE* values ranged between 0.34 and 12.56. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that color change was associated most strongly with composite brand (p<0.001), followed by shade (p=0.002). Color change (p=0.002) and degree of darkening/lightening (p<0.001) were significantly greater for dentin compared to enamel shades. Clearfil Majesty Es-2 (Kuraray Noritake) showed significant lightening, whereas all other composites showed darkening after polymerization. All composite brands presented perceptible (ΔE*≥1.2) color changes. Estelite Asteria (Tokuyama), Ceram.x Duo SphereTEC (Dentsply Sirona), and Harmonize (Kerr Dental) were considered the most reliable brands regardless of the shade. The spectrophotometry and CP photography methods were positively correlated (p<0.001). Also, CIEDE2000 and CIELCH (also referred to as CIE L*c*h) color systems were positively correlated based on the ΔE* values (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Despite improvements in the chemical composition of, and fillers for, contemporary resin-based composites (RBCs), all tested composite brands showed perceptible color change after polymerization, except for some shades. Under the conditions in this study, it is preferable to polymerize the composite during the trial phase, before identifying the most appropriate shade. CP photography in combination with Photoshop analysis appears to be a reliable and promising approach for color evaluation.
Effect of Sandblasting with Fluorapatite Glass-ceramic Powder and Chemical Primers/Adhesives on Shear Bond Strength of Indirect Repairing Composite to Zirconia
Authors: Elraggal A , Chen X , Silikas N
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of sandblasting with fluorapatite glass-ceramic (FGC) powder on zirconia surface roughness, crystallinity, and shear bond strength (SBS) of indirect repairing composite to zirconia using different primers/adhesives.

Methods

Zirconia blocks were treated as follows: no treatment (control group), blasting with 30-μm silica-coated alumina (CoJet group), and blasting with FGC powder (FGC group). The surface topography, silica content, roughness, and crystallinity of treated zirconia surfaces were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), an optical profilometer, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Four primers/adhesives (Monobond Plus, Calibra Silane, Futurabond M+, and Scotchbond Universal) were compared to bond precured resin composite to zirconia groups using Multilink Automix resin cement. Bonded specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles and tested in SBS and the modes of failure were recorded. The effect of different surface treatments and primers/adhesives on SBS results were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results

Both CoJet and FGC groups showed rough surfaces with a higher content of silica in FGC, but less monoclinic crystals, compared to the CoJet group. The highest mean SBS was found in the FGC group treated with Monobond Plus compared to CoJet and Control groups. Adhesive failure was predominant in control groups, while combined failure was found in the CoJet and FGC groups regardless of the primers/adhesives employed.

Conclusion

Sandblasting zirconia with FGC powder increased SBS of resin composite to zirconia with lower monoclinic phase transformation compared to CoJet sand. Monobond Plus reported the highest means of SBS values compared to other primers/adhesives.
Unveiling of Potential Zika Virus RNA polymerase Inhibitors Using Structure based Virtual Screening
Authors: Ikhlas Shoeb
Published: September 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and Microcephaly in infants. However, there is no currently approved antiviral drug against ZIKV. The 103-kDa NS5 protein is the largest ZIKV protein whose C-terminal portion has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and N-terminal RNA cap-processing activity (methyltransferase domain). Therefore, it is an important target for synthesis/discovery of novel anti-ZIKV drugs. A database consisting of 720 marine and plant derived compounds of South Africa was used for virtual screening against a potential inhibitor binding site of ZIKV’s NS5 protein. All its cataloged compounds were screened for their drug likeliness using Lipinski’s parameters. Thereafter, 200 selected compounds were used for virtual screening for their affinities for the target site. Finally, top 5 ligands were redocked to get a detailed insight into their interaction with conserved amino acids of the target site. An additional screening was mounted to filter out the potential toxic compounds among the top 5 likely candidates by AdmetSAR web-server. Two lead compounds, SANC00235 and SANC00257 fulfilled all the criteria laid down by us. These compounds can be potential candidates for further in vitro and in vivo studies in order to validate their anti-ZIKV activity.
Perspectives of Toxicity Associated with Nanocarrier Systems
Authors: Bhatia Rohit
Published: September 2022

The utility and diversified applications of various nanocarrier systems have led to the development of a wide variety of formulations with smart properties. Although these formulations offer several advantages over traditional delivery systems such as site-specific, time-dependent and controlled delivery of the medicaments but unfortunately the toxicological behavior of these has remained unexplored. There are several reports in the literature that have described the significant toxicity in major organs of animals. This toxicity has majorly associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevation/ reduction in biomarker levels, induction of apoptosis and several other molecular changes. In this short compilation, we have summarized some toxicity reports which have been based on pre-clinical evidences and attributed to multiple organs of animals. These include the kidney, heart, lungs, liver and GIT prominently. Also, we have made an attempt to highlight the mechanism of the reported toxicity along with the toxic dose. This compilation may be helpful to drug developers and researchers to understand these issues and to design newer strategies during formulation to bypass these complications.
Radiation/Drug Interactions and the Combinational Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Sokol Gerald
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Progress in both the development of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) and modern radiation therapy (RT) have opened new horizons for the safe and effective treatments of cancer. Combination therapies of TKIs and radiation therapy have been evaluated with variable sequencing and dosing of both agents. Radiation therapy induces cellular damage to cancer and normal tissue DNA by the production of direct and indirect ionization leading to a cascade of biological events. These ultimately lead to potential loss of cellular reproductive capacity, cell death or impotency. Repair mechanisms of RT-induced cell damage require repair pathways dependent on TK. TKIs are key regulators of cellular function and signaling proteins that catalyze phosphorylation reactions of tyrosine molecules. The purpose of this study was to briefly review the basic biology of RT and TKIs and to review the modern literature pertaining to the toxic and therapeutic effects of their combination in the treatment of cancer based on preclinical and clinical data. Methods: A retrospective review of the basic biology of RT and TKIs with the aim of identifying their combined toxicity and benefit in the treatment of cancer was performed. A systematic search of the standard published radiotherapeutic, radiobiology, chemotherapy and radiotherapy texts, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinical Key using the search terms; TKI, RT and combination TKI and RT from 1985-2020 was employed. Data were abstracted from 222 entries from the literature published in English. Issues of toxicity and therapeutic efficacy were defined to evaluate the safe and effective use of combined modality therapy (CMT). Results: Few randomized studies were available for high-level recommendations. The combined treatment of cancer with TKIs and RT may have benefit for palliation, progression free survival, and potential survival under well-defined circumstances. Any benefit of combined therapy is accompanied by significant potential for enhanced radiation toxicity in addition to the baseline potential toxicities of both agents. Conclusion: The data reviewed suggest potential benefit from the CMT of TKIs and RT but at a significant risk of toxicity, which may include severe, hematological, cardiac, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and central nervous system toxicity. Further randomized prospective studies are necessary to define their safe and effective combined therapies. New TKI’s and radiotherapeutic modalities are constantly under development necessitating ongoing and often long term clinical evaluation to define benefits and risks.
From Paradise to Hell and Back© How Cancer was cured in Ten Seconds
Authors: Hague Andrew
Published: September 2022

A lady with bone fractures, persistent back pain and thyroid cancer is cured without drugs or surgery. Years of emotional torment seem to have been the cause
Mental Content and Content-Based Cognitive Ergonomics
Authors: Saariluoma Pertti
Published: September 2022

In interacting with technologies, people represent their action and technical artefacts in their minds. The information in their mental representations, i.e., mental contents, explains what people do and why they do it. Therefore, mental contents and its analysis provide a good tool for analyzing several different types of issues in ergonomic. As argumentation is such ergonomic research is grounded on the properties of mental contents one can call this perspective to ergonomics content based cognitive ergonomics.
Relation between Population Fluctuations and Dengue Cases in Pasuruan Region, Indonesia, 2013-2017
Authors: Indawati Rachmah
Published: September 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a tropical disease and its spread is very wide. Control of this disease is relatively easy, with community participation playing a vital role. However, the number of DHF cases is still high. A study reported that unhealthy behavior of the community contributed to the high incidence of the disease. In addition, environmental conditions also support the breeding of mosquitoes.
Use of Dried Blood Spots as a Screening Method in STI Testing: A Mini-Review
Authors: Aggarwal Sumit
Published: September 2022

There is an increasing interest in using dried blood spots (DBS) for screening communicable and non-communicable diseases in hard-to-reach populations. This method of screening has many advantages over others such as cost-effectiveness, the requirement of minimal infrastructure, effortless storage, transport, and preservation. This short-review provides an overview of the use of DBS in the screening of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Also included in this review are reports where DBS was determined to not be feasible because of technology limitations.
A Descriptive Study of Community based Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2 antibodies among adult population in Mumbai, India using an ELISA based assay
Authors: Ingole Kalyani
Published: September 2022

Background: Mumbai, with over 12 million residents, is one of the largest cities in India and the capital of the state of Maharashtra that accounted for close to 20% of the total COVID-19 cases in India. Regular serosurveys in Mumbai have shown stark differences in seroprevalence between slum and non-slum areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Mumbai residents and assess the impact of the second wave and ongoing vaccination campaign on the population antibodies. By the start of the study period, 63% of Mumbai residents were partially vaccinated and 21% were fully vaccinated for COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in all 24 wards of Mumbai between August 12 and September 08, 2021. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody seropositivity was detected using an ELISA based assay. Sociodemographic and exposure related data was collected via a verbal questionnaire to analyse risk factors and association with COVID-19 vaccination. Findings: Of the 8,674 participants recruited, 7,516 were positive for IgG SARS-COV-2, resulting in a crude seroprevalence of 86.6%. Using residence type based on the recruitment location (municipal dispensaries for slum residents and general practitioners for non-slum residents), the difference in prevalence between slum and non-slum is not significant (87.0% vs. 86.2%; RR: 1.009, CI: 0.992-1.026). Seroprevalence was higher in females (88.3%) than in males (85.1%) (RR: 096, CI 95%: 0.94-0.97) Conclusion: Our results suggest that the levels of immunity are high in the Mumbai population across residence types. These findings highlight the extent of virus transmission during the second wave and point to the susceptible population to guide the vaccination strategy and better understand transmission dynamics in urban settings.
Dengue Behavior in The Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Touchton Michael
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes, describes, and differentiates between the measurement of Dengue in Minas Gerais, Brazil, between January 2018 and April 2021, and Covid-19 data reported between March 2020 and April 2021. An epidemiological, observational, retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study was carried out to assess correlations between combat and coping measures in the public health sector for each disease. For sample collection, the DATASUS and TABNET platforms were used, along with secondary data on reported cases of Dengue and Covid-19, from 2018 to 2021 in the state of Minas Gerais. For storage, tabulation, statistical analysis of data and graphic construction, Excel version 2021 and Google spreadsheet software were used. Dengue incidence from 2018 to 2021 was compared with the years 2019 to 2020 against the backdrop of the emergence and incidence of Covid-19. Our study reveals a sharp drop in the epidemic curve for Dengue cases in 2020 compared to the previous year, while cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection grew exponentially. After accounting for seasonal factors of Dengue increase and impact, such as precipitation, we conclude that for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the hypothesis of overlap between cases of Dengue and Covid-19 is consistent for the years studied. However, research on the subject in other countries over a longer timeframe would be relevant to verify such an occurrence.
Air Benzene Level is associated with Urine Phenol Level and Health Complaints in Shoes Home Industry Workers in Jampirogo, Indonesia
Authors: Keman Soedjajadi
Published: September 2022

Background: Benzene is an organic solvent that has volatile properties so it can enter human body that is exposed to benzene. Benzene will enter human body and undergo a metabolic process, the main results of this metabolic process in the urine is in phenol form. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exposure of air benzene with phenol levels of urine and health complaints of workers exposed to and not exposed to air benzene in the shoes home industry of Jampirogo, Mojokerto Regency, and East Java Province, Indonesia. Methods: The method of this study was an observational analytic with cross sectional design and this study was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U statistical test to determine differences of phenol urine levels between those two groups. Benzene levels in the air were analyzed using Benzene gas detector C6H6. While urine phenol level was analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. The subject of the study consisted of 26 participants drawn from the population in accordance with predetermined criteria. Interviews conducted using a questionnaire to find out information on work behavior and perceived health complaints. The independent variables of the study were the air levels of benzene, age, hours of work, working days, length of work and nutrition status. The dependent variable in this study was urine phenol levels and health complaints. Results: The result of the study showed that the levels of benzene in the shoe gluing chamber air exceeded the threshold limit value of 4.25 ppm. Interestingly, there was very significantly differences in the level of urinary phenol between the groups with and without benzene exposure (Mann-Whitney U test, p =0,00), a number of health complaints stated by the benzene exposed workers were nervous system complaints (92.30%) and hematological complaints (76.92%). Conclusion: It is concluded that air benzene level at work is associated with the urine phenol level and health complaints in shoe home industry workers of Jampirogo, Mojokerto regency, East Java. It is recommended that the workers shall use respirator, add some air ventilation and a rotation policy for the workers.
Public Health Impact of Social Comparison on Body Image Concerning Cognitive Processing and Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sahu Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan
Published: September 2022

A person's experience with body image can be influenced by environment or culture. Exposure to the thin-ideal is likely to decrease body image in women through social comparison; there is the anticipation of a negative public health impact. Recently published (between 2011 to 2021) study reports including mainly randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and ecological momentary assessments on English-speaking female subjects were reviewed. Analysis of the eligible studies evaluated the consequences of social comparison concerning social media, disordered eating, and cognitive processing. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted with the majority of findings found to have statistically significant data in support of the following: (i) social media platforms provide space for the consumption of unattainable beauty standards based on thinideal imagery, (ii) the internalization of the thin-ideal leads to the development of body dissatisfaction, which is a predictor of disordered eating behaviors, (iii) cognitive coping mechanisms are used as protection against the harmful effects that come from social comparison. A concerted effort should be made by eating disorder prevention programs to lessen the cognitive response to thin-ideal stimuli, thereby decreasing body dissatisfaction and reducing the risk of development of disordered eating behaviors in women.