bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of groundwater recharge by rice and crop rotation fields in Kumamoto, Japan
Authors: Hama Takehide , Fujimi Toshio , Shima Takeo , Ishida Kei , Kawagoshi Yasunori , Ito Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

In Kumamoto, Japan, about one million people depend for all their water on groundwater resources. Paddy fields and rice farming in the middle river watershed area make a large contribution to the groundwater recharge. In our research, an environmental measure (artificial flooding for groundwater recharge) conducted by local governments is evaluated. Hydrological measurement was conducted in a paddy plot in the area. A simple model of water distribution was developed on the basis of the field measurement. Then, drought risk in the paddy-field district was estimated using the model and GIS data. The results reveal that the fields with a high percolation rate of more than 30 mm/d result in inefficient use of irrigation water although they have large potential for groundwater recharge. In addition, the water distribution model suggests that environmental measures can increase the risk of water shortage in the paddy-field district due to the farmers' careless use of water.
On the Way Between Utopia and Totalitarianism. The Bolshevik Constitution of 1918 as a Model of Socialist Constitutionalism
Authors: Bosiacki A.
Published: September 2019

Although Russian constitutionalism has a rich past and present, its place on the global map of the history of constitutional thought is not clearly defined yet. This paper contributes to the analysis of the early stages of development of Russian constitutionalism. The first Russian act resembling a “true” Constitution was the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. It was aimed not at the realization of the ideas of constitutionalism, but at the formation of a model of a totalitarian state. It sanctioned radical social changes and led to the liquidation of the concept of the division of power and the omnipotence of the nonconstitutional organs (like VChK, various “tribunals”). However, this act and its ideological sources deserve a more in-depth analysis. First of all, its utopian ideas about the new social system have to be identified and examined. The analysis shows that the 1918 Constitution reflects Lenin’s fascination with the ideas of direct democracy drawn from the experience of the Paris Commune and the French Revolution after 1789. In particular, it is about the perception of the idea of unlimited supreme power, undivided and combined, and at the same time federated in the form of loose communes. If we consider the range of constitutional ideas, the Bolsheviks adopted nothing more original that the concept of Rousseau’s national sovereignty. However, the implementation of utopian ideas ended with the creation of a totalitarian system, which contemporaries called “state despotism,” more powerful than the despotism of the Russian Empire.
The contribution of the reading habit, vocabulary mastery, and grammar to the experience writing skill of 5th grade students of state elementary schools
Authors: Diarani Noraning , Syamsi Kastam
Published: September 2019

This study aims to find out the contribution of reading habit, vocabulary mastery, and grammar mastery to the experience writing skill of the 5th grade students of state elementary schools in Bambanglipuro Subdistrict, Bantul, Yogyakarta. This study is an ex-post facto using the correlational quantitative research approach. The population comprised all 5th grade students of state elementary schools in Bambanglipuro Subdistrict, Bantul, Yogyakarta totaling 300 students. A sample of 169 students was established using the proportional random sampling technique. The instruments consisted of a test and questionnaire. The test was used to measure the vocabulary mastery, grammar mastery, and experience writing skill. The questionnaire was used to measure reading habit. The data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis. The results show that there is a significant and positive contribution among reading habit, vocabulary mastery, and grammar mastery to the experience writing skill.
Development of attitude competency assessment test based on teaching of Ki Hadjar Dewantara in elementary and secondary school
Authors: Prihatni Yuli , Supriyoko Supriyoko , Rahmatang Rahmatang
Published: September 2019

This developmental research aimed to (1) produce an attitude competency assessment model that is standardized based on the teachings of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, (2) Determine the attitude competency assessment indicators in elementary and secondary schools, and (3) Determine the tendency of attitude competency of students in elementary and secondary schools. This research was a type of developmental research. The research was carried out in three provinces in Indonesia, namely DIY (Special Region of Yogyakarta), Central Java, and South Sulawesi. This research conducted in three stages: pre-development, instrument development, and instrument testing. The subject of this study was 497 students in elementary and secondary schools. Content validity was analyzed using the Aiken Index, and construct validity was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. The findings are (1) the compilation of affective attitude competency assessment models that are standardized based on the teaching of Ki Hadjar Dewantara to realize noble character students. This research has succeeded in establishing attitude competency assessment indicators in elementary and secondary schools, including 6 indicators. (3) The tendency of Ngandel (trust) attitude to students in the subject trial included in the High category, Kendel (brave) Aspect included in the High category, Bandel (naughty) aspects included in the medium category, and Kandel aspect included in the High category.
Apresentação
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi , Mendonça Ricardo Fabrino , Chagas Viktor
Published: September 2019

Apresentação da nova edição da Revista Compolítica.
The Use of Virtual and Immersive Technology in Creating Personalized Multisensory Spaces for People Living With Dementia (SENSE-GARDEN): Protocol for a Multisite Before-After Trial
Authors: Goodall Gemma , Ciobanu Ileana , Taraldsen Kristin , Sørgaard Jon , Marin Andreea , Draghici Rozeta , Zamfir Mihai-Viorel , Berteanu Mihai , Maetzler Walter , Serrano J Artur
Published: September 2019

Background

The number of people living with dementia is rapidly increasing. With dementia’s impact on memory, communication, and self-identity, it is important to identify ways of meeting individual needs of diagnosed individuals and their caregivers. This study will test a new intervention, SENSE-GARDEN, that integrates autobiographical music, films, pictures, and scents with innovative technology to create an immersive environment tailored specifically for the individual.

Objective

The SENSE-GARDEN study is an Active Assisted Living Program–funded multicenter project. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether a personalized, innovative technology-based intervention can improve the well-being of older adults living with moderate to severe dementia. The study will also assess whether the intervention can improve coping and reduce burden in caregivers.

Methods

A controlled before-after study design will be used. There will be 3 sites in 3 trial countries: Belgium, Norway, and Portugal. A total of 55 people with dementia (PWDs) will be recruited. All eligible participants for the study will be randomized into the intervention or control group. For the first three months of the study, all participants will receive the SENSE-GARDEN intervention. For the final month of the study, the intervention group will continue visits to the SENSE-GARDEN, and the control group will discontinue visits. A mixed-methods approach will be used, including the use of standardized outcome measures, quantitative physiological data, and qualitative interview data.

Results

The trials commenced recruitment in August 2019, and all data are expected to be collected by the end of May 2020. A user-centered design process is underway, with results from the first phase of user interviews indicating that people with mild cognitive impairment, family caregivers, and professional caregivers consider the SENSE-GARDEN to be a potentially valuable tool in providing numerous benefits to dementia care. Feasibility testing of the SENSE-GARDEN has been completed and results are expected to be published in October 2019.

Conclusions

Findings from the SENSE-GARDEN trials will provide insights into the use of technology for personalizing interventions to the PWD. This will have potential implications on not only dementia research, but it may also have influences on care practice.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14096
PediTools Electronic Growth Chart Calculators: Applications in Clinical Care, Research, and Quality Improvement (Preprint)
Authors: Chou Joseph H , Roumiantsev Sergei , Singh Rachana
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Parameterization of pediatric growth charts allows precise quantitation of growth metrics that would be difficult or impossible with traditional paper charts. However, limited availability of growth chart calculators for use by clinicians and clinical researchers currently restricts broader application.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the deployment of electronic calculators for growth charts using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) parameterization method, with examples of their utilization for patient care delivery, clinical research, and quality improvement projects.

METHODS

The publicly accessible PediTools website of clinical calculators was developed to allow LMS-based calculations on anthropometric measurements of individual patients. Similar calculations were applied in a retrospective study of a population of patients from 7 Massachusetts neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to compare interhospital growth outcomes (change in weight Z-score from birth to discharge [∆Z weight]) and their association with gestational age at birth. At 1 hospital, a bundle of quality improvement interventions targeting improved growth was implemented, and the outcomes were assessed prospectively via monitoring of ∆Z weight pre- and postintervention.

RESULTS

The PediTools website was launched in January 2012, and as of June 2019, it received over 500,000 page views per month, with users from over 21 countries. A retrospective analysis of 7975 patients at 7 Massachusetts NICUs, born between 2006 and 2011, at 23 to 34 completed weeks gestation identified an overall ∆Z weight from birth to discharge of –0.81 (P<.001). However, the degree of ∆Z weight differed significantly by hospital, ranging from –0.56 to –1.05 (P<.001). Also identified was the association between inferior growth outcomes and lower gestational age at birth, as well as that the degree of association between ∆Z weight and gestation at birth also differed by hospital. At 1 hospital, implementing a bundle of interventions targeting growth resulted in a significant and sustained reduction in loss of weight Z-score from birth to discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

LMS-based anthropometric measurement calculation tools on a public website have been widely utilized. Application in a retrospective clinical study on a large dataset demonstrated inferior growth at lower gestational age and interhospital variation in growth outcomes. Change in weight Z-score has potential utility as an outcome measure for monitoring clinical quality improvement. We also announce the release of open-source computer code written in R to allow other clinicians and clinical researchers to easily perform similar analyses.
Patients’ Experiences of Telehealth in Palliative Home Care: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Steindal Simen A , Nes Andréa Aparecida Goncalves , Godskesen Tove E , Dihle Alfhild , Lind Susanne , Winger Anette , Klarare Anna
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Telehealth is increasingly being used in home care and could be one measure to support the needs of home-based patients receiving palliative care. However, no previous scoping review has mapped existing studies on the use of telehealth for patients in palliative home care.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to map and assess published studies on the use of telehealth for patients in palliative home care.

METHODS

A scoping review was conducted using the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Reporting was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A systematic and comprehensive search of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health was performed for studies published between January 2000 and October 2018. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data.

RESULTS

The review included 22 papers from 19 studies. Four thematic groupings were identified among the included papers: easy and effortless use of telehealth regardless of the current health condition, visual features that enhance communication and care via telehealth, symptom management and self-management promotion by telehealth, and perceptions of improved palliative care at home.

CONCLUSIONS

The use of telehealth in palliative home care seems to be feasible, improving access to health care professionals at home and enhancing feelings of security and safety. The visual features of telehealth seem to allow a genuine relationship with health care professionals. However, there are contradicting results on whether the use of telehealth improves burdensome symptoms and quality of life. Future research should investigate the experiences of using telehealth among patients with life-limiting illness other than cancer and patients aged 85 years or older. More research is needed to increase the body of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of telehealth on symptoms and quality of life.
Engaging African American Youth in the Development of a Serious Mobile Game for Sexual Health Education: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Patchen Loral , Ellis Lindsey , Ma Tony Xuyen , Ott Corilyn , Chang Katie H K , Araya Brook , Atreyapurapu Sravanthi , Alyusuf Amal , Gaines Lanzi Robin
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Although teen pregnancy rates decreased dramatically in the United States over the past decade, the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents and young adults increased. STI rates disproportionately affect African American youth and young adults. Innovative, accessible, and culturally relevant sexual health interventions are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify the optimal modality for a game-based sexual health intervention; develop the educational, entertainment, and technological aspects of the serious game; and demonstrate its usability and acceptance by the target population.

METHODS

This project was grounded in formative data collection with community-based participatory research principles and practices combined with a user-centered design and development approach. Sexually Active Adolescent–Focused Education (SAAFE) was developed using input and feedback from African American youths aged 15 to 21 years who participated in a youth advisory board and focus group discussions to inform the co-design and cocreation of the serious game. The process was highly iterative with multiple sessions for user input following design changes. It proceeded in 3 stages. Social cognitive theory and problem-solving theory were leveraged to provide evidence-based, trauma-informed education through a serious game. Usability testing assessed the quality of user experience with the prototype.

RESULTS

Across all 3 stages, a total of 86 self-identified African American males and females aged 15 to 21 years from the District of Columbia and Birmingham, Alabama, participated. Participants requested a dating simulation game. They wanted SAAFE to be customizable, realistic, entertaining, educational, modern, and experiential, linking consequences to their gameplay decisions. Usability testing resulted in an initial System Usability Survey score of 77.7, placing the game in the 82nd percentile and above average for usability.

CONCLUSIONS

Initial results suggest that the SAAFE prototype is a promising intervention to engage African American youth in sexual health education using a role-playing game. If proven efficacious, the game has the potential to meet the need for sex education, counterbalance unhealthy portrayals of sex in popular media, and respond to the disparities in the STI epidemic.
Exploring the Roles Metanarratives Play in the Dynamics of Conflict Recurrence in Madagascar
Authors: Razakamaharavo Velomahanina Tahinjanahary
Published: September 2019

Madagascar has experienced various episodes of conflict since the colonization period. Despite the solutions local and external actors implemented, conflict recurs. Metanarratives such as socialism, communism, capitalism, and liberalism greatly impacted the conditions explaining the dynamics behind such recurrences. How did metanarratives contribute to the creation of more peaceful (de-escalating roles) or conflict situations (escalating roles)? With the help of Qualitative Comparative Analysis, this article identifies and studies the metanarratives influencing and being influenced by the following: a) conflict dimensions, b) the framing of the conflicts by the actors involved, c) the construction of the images of the self/the other, d) the accommodation policies (the solutions implemented to address the incompatibilities between the actors), and e) the repertoires of action. It argues that metanarratives play significant roles in transforming a conflict in both constructive and destructive ways.
Effects of Endotracheal Administration of Epinephrine in Cardiac Arrest of Adult and Pediatric Swine
Authors: Kertes Steven , Fillman Valentina , Krawczyk Brandon , Hirsch Logan , Martin Allison , Noble Phillip , Clark Thomas M. , Battelle Aleczander , O’Sullivan Joseph , Johnson Don
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the effects of hypovolemia on area under the curve (AUC) and the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) comparing adults and children in cardiac arrest.AIMS: To compare the epinephrine endotracheal (ET) administration relative to AUC, rate, time to, and odds of achieving ROSC between hypovolemic adult and pediatric cardiac arrest models.METHODS: This was an experimental study using male Adult ET and Pediatric ET swine. Pediatric ET pigs (N=7) weighed 20-30 kg representing the average weight for a child between 5 and 6 years of age. Adult ET pigs (N=7) weighed 60 to 80 kg. All were exsanguinated 35% of their blood volume. Swine were put into arrest for 2 minutes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated for 2 minutes; epinephrine was then administered. Blood samples were collected over 5 minutes. RESULTS: No significant difference occurred in AUC between the groups (p > 0.05). The Pediatric ET group had higher rates of ROSC and a shorter time to ROSC (p < 0.05). Pediatric ET group had a 15 times greater odds of achieving ROSC compared to the Adult ET group. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, we recommend epinephrine administration via ET within the pediatric arrest model, but not for the adult.
Phytochemistry and Hepatoprotective Activity of Chloroform Extract of NKC Ingredient in Santalum album Against D-Galactosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: P Kamalarajan , Amalraj , , Valan M. F.
Published: September 2019

Objective: Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam is the combination of nine plant materials. The nine components are Nilavempu (Andrographis paniculata), Vettiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), Vilamiccamver (plectranthus vettiveroides), Santanam (Santalum album), Peyputtal (Trichosanthes dioica), Koraikkilanku (Cyperus rotandus), Cukku (Zingeber officinale), Milaku (Piper nigrum), Parpatakam (Mollugo cerviana). All these plants are used conventionally in the treatment of fever, inflammation, arthralgia, arthritis, gastric ulcer, jaundice, and general weaknes
Methods: About 500gm of dried fine powder of Santalum album were soaked in the extractor and macerated for 30 hrs with petroleum ether. On the 22ndday after overnight fast the blood was collected from retro- orbital After the separation of serum from the blood assay of ALT, AST, ALP, γGT and bilirubin were done using standard methods and enzyme assay tests.
Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the Chloroform extract of Santalum album reveals the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, coumarin, and tannin. The pretreatment of chloroform extract of Santalum album at a dose of 200mg and 400mg/kg (group IV and V) appeared to significantly prevent the galactosamine toxicity as revealed by the hepatic cells which were preserved in cytoplasms.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that chloroform extract of Santalum album at both doses possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity, which is evidenced by lowered serum hepatic marker enzyme activities. Among the two dosages tested, 400 mg/kg/body weight showed more promising hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity, and is comparable to the standard drug Silymarin.
Keywords: Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam, Chloroform extract of Santalum album, preliminary phytochemical analysis, Hepatoprotective activity, D-Galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Rationality of Fixed Dose Combinations of Central Nervous System Drugs in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anilasree B.P , Anuroopa K.P , Arun Jyothi S , Basila T. , Saji Swathi
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To analyze the rationality of central nervous system fixed dose combinations used in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The study was an hospital based observational study. The data was collected from an annual drug compendium entitled “Hospital Drug List”. Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) enlisted in central nervous system (CNS) sections were selected for the study purpose. The active pharmacological ingredients (APIs) in FDC was checked for approval by Drug Control General of India (DCGI), World Health Organization (WHO) and essential medicine (EML)/national essential medicine list (NEML),both or none and all the ingredients (molecule, excipients) present in the FDC was checked whether banned or under any controversies in India as well as worldwide.  Efficacy and safety of the individual active pharmacological ingredients (APIs) and their combination were searched. Details of each drug were collected [Generic name, Pharmacokinetics, Interaction affected, Pharmacodynamics, and Advantages of FDCs]. The data collected was analyzed by a tool to assess the rationality of fixed dose combinations which is pre-tested and validated by Shah et al., based on WHO guidelines. Result and Discussion: A total of 25 CNS FDCs were taken, on assessment of CNS FDCs 21 (84%) were found to be rational and 4 (16%) were found to be irrational with the mean rationality score of 7.2. By winding up, state of nonbeing, absenteeism of legality and effectiveness of the formulations appeared in to a peculiar combinations and inadequate practice. The approval process of these combinations by various committees should be robust.
Keywords:  Rationality; Fixed Dose Combinations; CNS Drugs; Safety and Efficacy.
Beneficial effects of valencene on altered glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Authors: Pari Ellappan , Leelavinothan Pari , Gunaseelan Thangasamy , Kannan Duraisamy
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of valencene on dearrangement in glycoprotein levels in the streptozotocin(STZ)-nicotinamide(NA)induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in experimental rats by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of STZ (45 mg/kg b.w) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) 15 minutes after the i.p injection of NA (110 mg/kg b.w). The levels of glycoproteins were altered in experimental diabetes mellitus. Valencene were administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 100 & 200mg/kg bw for 30days. The effects of valencene on plasma glucose, insulin, plasma and tissue glycoproteins were studied. Results: Oral administration of valencene (200mg/kg b.w)for 30d, dose dependently improved the glycemic status in STZ-NA induced diabetic rats. The levels of plasma glucose were decreased with significant increase of plasma insulin level. The altered levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components were restored to near normal. Conclusions: The results of the present study show the potent beneficial effects of valencene in modifying the levels of glycoprotein components in plasma and tissues of diabetic rats.
Establishment of Standardization Parameters for Herbal Formulation, Swarasa Bhvit Amalaka Churnam
Authors: Dixit Vihangesh Kumar , Irchhaiya Raghuveer , Singh Nandlal , Gupta Rishikesh
Published: September 2019

Herbal formulations are very useful for human health because of their natural and simple processing. A quality herbal formulation must pass the test for their characteristic properties. Inspite of the large number of Ayurvedic formulations are available in the market, standards of their quality are yet to be laid. Amlaka churnam or amalaki rasayanam is a swarasa bhavita, important herbal formulation used for treatment related to immunity systems of human body. In addition to this it is also used for nurturing of skin, heart, eye and stomach. The main ingredient of amalaka churnam is amla (Embalica officinalis) family Euphorbiaceae. Though amalaka churnam is described in many classical Ayurvedic granthas, but there are minor differences in their formulations. Also marketed formulations of amalaki rasayanam by manufacturers do not have description about its standardization.  Therefore, it is necessary to develop standard parameters for establishment of quality of the formulation. In this work, a standardization of herbal formulations of amalaka churnam is reported in terms of organoleptic evaluation of ingredients with rasayana formulation, loss of drying analysis, foreign matter, phytochemical screening, pH estimation, evaluation of ash value, extractive value and rheological evaluation.
Keywords: Bhvit, amalaka Churnam, Organoleptic, rheological etc.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Tubercular Activity of 4-Quinolylhydrazone
Authors: Bisen Chandrakant V. , Patle M. R. , Rahangdale P.K.
Published: September 2019

A series of 4-quinolylhydrazone derivatives was synthesized by reaction of 4-quinolylhydrazine and various substituted carboxaldehyde out of that most of the derivatives show significant antitubercular properties. The microwave assisted organic synthesis was applied to synthesize a series of 4-quinolylhydrazone derivatives. The characterizations of newly synthesized derivatives were done by modern analytical techniques like digital melting point apparatus, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Hydrazone, Quinoline, Carboxaldehyde.
IN VITRO SULFORHODAMINE B ASSAY EVALUATION OF NOVEL 2-PHENYL BENZOFURANONE DERIVATIVES ON HUMAN SKIN CANCER CELL LINE G361.
Authors: DOONABOYINA RAGHAVA , Mittal Abhilasha , Gummadi Sridhar Babu
Published: September 2019

The newly synthesized compounds are being tested for in vitro anticancer activity. The method used for In Vitro testing is Sulforhodamine B assay also known SRB assay. Cell lines were prepared and homogenized and disassociated with the help of trypsin. Then trypsin was inactivated with fetal bovine serum. Then cell concentration was determined. Synthesized molecules were prepared into four different dilutions and exposed to cell lines. The procedure was also compared with standard drug doxorubicin. All the cell medium were incubated 37 degrees centigrade in a humidified incubator with 5 percentage CO. The plates were stained and fixed with trichloroacetic acid. Finally, the plates were incubated in orbital shaker incubator and absorbance was measured in a microplate reader at 510nm. All compounds (1-30) showed the similar anticancer activity of compounds (IA, IB, ID, IE, IF, IIB, IIC, IIIA, IVB, IVF, VA, VC, VD, VE.) were more potent when compared to the rest of the compounds synthesized.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE CLOTRIMAZOLE VAGINAL TABLET USING LIQUISOLID TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Rao Dr. Monica , Zope Abhishek
Published: September 2019

Liquisolid technology is very effective technique for improving the solubility and dissolution properties of poorly water soluble drug formulations like Clotrimazole. Clotrimazole is a BCS Class II, antifungal drug used for treatment for Vaginal Candidiasis.  In this liquisolid technique the drug soluble in non volatile solvents and then it converted into free flowing, non adherent powder, which can be compressed into tablet. Here N-methyle-2-pyrrolidone and propylene glycol is used in the ratio of 1:1 as a solvent. Neusilin US2 and Aerosil 200 used as Coating and Carrier material respectively. For mucoadhesion on vaginal wall Sodium carboxymethyle cellulose used as a mucoadhesive agent. Mucoadhesive tablets were prepared using direct compression technique. Magnesium Stearate used as a glidant. Mucoadhesive liquisolid tablets were evaluated as precompression evalutions and post compression evaluations. Future tablets were evaluated as In vitro and Ex vivo evaluations. The optimized batch showed that In vitro release in simulated vaginal fluid pH 4.5 in 6 hr was 99%. Ex vivo diffusion studies of optimized batch showed 80% of drug diffusion in 6 hr. Mucoadhesive strength showed high mucoadhesion of optimized batch that is 36 gm. From this study it was concluded that liquisolid technology is an effective technique to improve solubility and dissolution properties of poorly water soluble drug formulations like Clotrimazole.
Oleic Acid Based Emulgel for Topical Delivery of Ofloxacin
Authors: Manaswitha A. , Sai Swetha P. V. L. D. , Devi N.K.D. , Naveen Babu K. , Ravi Shankar K.
Published: September 2019

The objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate ofloxacin emulgel. Emulgel formulations of ofloxacin were prepared using different concentrations of gelling agent’s Carbopol-940 and Xanthum gum. Tween-80 and span-80 were used as emulsifiers and propylene glycol as a humectant in the preparation of emulgel. The effect of the concentration of gelling agent on the drug release from the prepared emulgel was investigated. The compatibility study was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The formulated emulgel was characterized by their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, microbial test and in vitro diffusion study. FTIR indicated that the drug and excipients used in the study are compatible with each other. All the prepared formulations showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity, and pH value. Drug release from all the formulations depended upon the concentration of the polymer used. As the concentration of Carbopol 940 increased the spreadability and drug release was found to be decreased. Emulgels formulated with oleic acid gave a much higher release rate of ofloxacin than emulgels formulated with liquid paraffin. The release of drug from all the emulgels prepared followed Zero-order kinetics. The linear Higuchi plots indicated that the drug release from all the emulgels prepared followed diffusion kinetics. Emulgel formulated with oleic acid exhibited greater flux when compared with those formulated with liquid paraffin. The formulations were found to be stable during stability testing. It can be concluded that Carbopol 940 and oleic acid are recommended for the formulation and preparation of Ofloxacin emulgels for topical drug delivery.
Key words: Ofloxacin, Emulgel, Spreadibility, Zone of inhibition.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Olmutinib in Bulk by Area under Curve and First Order Derivative Methods and its Validation as per ICH guidelines
Authors: KHANDARE BALU , Musle Atish C. , Arole Sanket S. , Popalghat Pravin V.
Published: September 2019

Abstract: A simple, precise and economical UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Olmutinib from bulk. Two methods were developed First method (A) applied was area under curve (AUC) in which the area was integrated in wavelength from 262-272nm. Second method (B) was first order derivative spectrometric method. In this method absorbance at λmin=256.57nm, λmax=282.83nm and zero cross=267.68nm was measured. Calibration curves were plotted for the method by using instrumental response at selected wavelength and concentration of analyte in the solution. In both the methods, linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2-12µg/ml at the λmax=267.68nm. Accuracy and precision studies were carried out and results were satisfactorily obtained. The drug at each of the 80 %, 100 % and 120 % levels showed good recoveries that is in the range of 98.00 to 99.00% for both methods, hence it could be said that the method was accurate. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined for the method. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable limit. The developed method was successfully applied to estimate the amount of Olmutinib in pharmaceutical formulation.
Formulation Development and Evalua Tion of Fluoxetine Effervescent Floating Tablet
Authors: Pakhale Nilesh V. , Gondkar S.B. , Saudagar R.B.
Published: September 2019

The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Effervescent Floating Tablet of Fluoxetine for the treatment of antidepressant agent. Tablets were prepared by direct compression using directly compressible polymers such as HPMC K4M, and Carbopol 934 were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility, density, buoyancy test, swelling study, drug content and In-Vitro release profile. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used producing effervescent base for buoyancy of tablets. Analysis of drug release from tablet indicates drug release by zero order, first order rate kinetics. No significant change was observed in physical appearance, drug content, floatability or in-vitro dissolution pattern after storage at 450C/750C RH for three months.
Keywords: Floating effervescent tablet, GIT, Fluoxetine , HPMC K4M, Carbopol 934.
Development and Validation of UV-Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Pioglitazone in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Joshi Rupali S. , Nangare Ajit K. , Sanap Deepali S. , Sase Surekha M.
Published: September 2019

Simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate UV spectroscopic methods have been developed for the estimation of metformin hydrochloride and pioglitazone in tablet dosage forms. Simultaneous estimation and dual-wavelength methods were developed and validated using solvent methanol. Both drugs show linearity at 5-40 µg/ml for both methods. The suggested techniques have been effectively implemented in pharmaceutical formulations to the evaluation of quoted drugs. Recovery research was conducted to verify the method's accuracy, precision. The techniques have been validated under ICH guidelines.
Keywords: Metformin hydrochloride, Pioglitazone, Simultaneous estimation method and Dual wavelength method.
A Study on Removal of Heavy Metal Chromium from Aqueous Chromium Solution Using Ipomoea carnea Root as Biosorbent
Authors: Krishnaveni S. , Thirumurugan V.
Published: September 2019

Pollution is the main problem due to heavy metal discharges from industries .  In this study Ipomoea carnea  (Family:Convolvulaceae) is selected to remove the heavy metal chromium from aqueous chromium solution using biosorbent . The present work focuses to evaluate the effectiveness of low cost absorbent Ipomoea carnea  root powder. Various parameters like pH, biosorbent, dose, contact time and metal ion concentration are investigated using batch studies. A kinetic model study and isotherm model fitting study are studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Thermodyamic parameters ∆G, ∆H and ∆S are also seen. The results reveal that it follows pseudo first order kinetic model and also fit in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The results are very much encouraging. So, it can be used as low cost biosorbent in controlling the pollution.
Keywords: Pollution, Heavy metal, chromium, Ipomoea carnea, Batch adsorption study, Kinetics Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and Thermodynamic study.
Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Baricitinib
Authors: Gandhi Santosh Vilaschand , Kapoor Barkha Govindlal
Published: September 2019

A simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method for the analysis of Baricitinib in pure form and in its dosage form has been developed. Baricitinib is a synthetic antineoplastic and immunomodulating  drug. Baricitinib is a selective and reversible Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and 2 (JAK2) inhibitor. Janus kinases belong to the tyrosine protein kinase family and play an important role in the proinflammatory pathway signalling that is frequently over-activated in autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Developed method obeyed beer’s law in a concentration range of 10-60 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993. Quantification was carried out at 250 nm. Percentage assay of Baricitinib was found to be close to 100 %. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method.
Simultaneous Estimation of Racecadotril and Ofloxacin by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms.
Authors: Gupta Komal , Sharma Deepika , Chawla Pooja
Published: September 2019

Background: Racecadotril and Ofloxacin (RACIGYL- O) drug combination are used for the treatment of diarrhea. The drugs have been estimated individually in formulations but no method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of these two drugs as combination.

Objective: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of Racecadotril and Ofloxacin in tablet dosage form.

Method: A WATERS C18 column (250 x 4.6mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and water 40:40:20v/v (pH adjusted to 2.7 of water with ortho phosphoric acid). The flow rate was 1.0mL/min and effluents were monitored at 210nm.

Results: The retention time of RAC and OFL was 4.666 min and 2.551 min respectively. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ).

Conclusion: The method show good reproducibility and recovery with %RSD less than 2. So the proposed method was found to be simple, rapid, precise and accurate and useful for the determination of RAC and OFL in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.  

Keywords: RP-HPLC, Racecadotril, Ofloxacin, ICH guidelines.
In-vitro Gastric acid percent neutralizing potential of household remedies verses marketed antacid preparation: A case report
Authors: KHANDARE BALU , Kshirsagar Sandip , Bhujbal Nikhil
Published: September 2019

Gastric acidity is a very common condition among the peoples of developing and developed countries. Increased gastric pH is associated with gastric ulceration, Bleeding ulcers, GERD, heartburn, discomfort, nausea and vomiting. The instant and quick relief from acidity can be obtained by oral administration of antacids. Current study was carried out to determine the acid neutralizing effect of household remedies like cold milk, Baking soda, Baking soda + citric acid in water verses marked preparations like Effervescent granules (ENO, Digene) and liquid antacid Gelusil (5ml and 10ml). Gastric simulation fluid of pH1.2 was prepared and pH was recorded before and after addition of marketed antacid/ household remedies. Observations were recorded in multiple of three for 0 min to 60 min. percent acid neutralization were calculated for each marketed/ household preparation. Results advocate that baking soda in water and Gelusil 10ml shows significant percent acid neutralization 444.35% and 428.57% respectively. The effect of acid neutralization of baking soda in water was instant and remained same whereas Gelusil 10ml showed progressive acid neutralization over a period of time. Effervescent granules ENO and Digene showed 322.58303.14% acid neutralization respectively. Milk 259.67% Gelusil188.28% and Baking soda + citric acidin Water421.25% showed acid neutralization. From results it can be concluded that household remedies are also significantly effective to control the acidity.

Keywords: Antacid, Effervescent granules, Milk, Baking soda. % acid neutralization.
Presence of phytochemicals in fruits and leaves of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) for cancer prevention: A mini review
Authors: Biswas Sudipta , Talukdar Partha , Talapatra Dr. Soumendra Nath
Published: September 2019

The present review deals with the bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) in the fruits and leaves of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.). In the present study, an attempt was done to survey of literatures for exact solvent extraction to know exact phytocompound and characterization by using instruments along with anticancer properties of these phytochemicals present in fruits and leaves of guava. The compilation of available literatures of last 10 years can be suitable ready references for future experimental study as in vitro and in vivo as well as new drug design as phytomedicines for cancer therapy.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Psidium guajava, Guava fruits and leaves, Cancer therapy, Phytomedicines
Zanjabeel (Zingiber offcinale) Transformation of Culinary Spice to a multi-functional Medicine
Authors: Bashir Fouzia , Afrin Zeba
Published: September 2019

The various traditional systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha use several plant species to treat different ailments. The Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine has been practiced since ancient times for the treatment of range of diseases. Traditional medicine usually takes a “holistic” approach where the physical, spiritual (which includes mental), and most often social well-being of an individual are treated. Thus, the medicinal value of an herbal product may be intimately related to its nutritional and psychological aspects. It is estimated that between 70% and 95% of citizens in a majority of developing countries use traditional medicine for the management of health and as primary health care to address their health-care needs and concerns. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Zanjabeel (Zingiber officinale) is a very famous herbal drug which is widely used in world as spice as well as drug in traditional medicine. This article aims at reviewing the Zanjabeel on the basis of description in Unani system of medicine, its Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses and to discuss scientific studies.

Keywords: Zanjabeel, Unani, Pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses.
Therapeutic Potential of Widely Used Unani Drug Asl-Us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.): A Systematic Review
Authors: Ishtiyaq Ahmad , ALAM ABRAR , Siddiqui Javed Inam , Kazmi Munawwar Husain
Published: September 2019

Plants have been one of the important sources of therapeutics or other human health benefits  since the beginning of human civilization throughout history. Currently, there is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbs, as a medicines, health products, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, cosmetics etc. Traditional system of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha etc. contributed in Health care dealing worldwide. The Unani system of medicine (USM) is an age old system of medicine which has a holistic approach to treat various kind of disease; most of the time the drugs mentioned in this system has tremendous effects in chronic disease.

Asl-Us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), is a widely used herb in USM. Although the review articles on this plant are already published, this review article is presented to comply all the updated information on its therapeutic potency based on phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities and the potency which is described by renowned Unani physicians and scholars. The evidence based studies provides strengthen to the concept of Unani physicians as the Unani physician used and recommended the drug since along. Moreover the evidence based studies indicate that Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, antispasmodic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, antimycobacterial activity, antiinflammatory and anti-hyper glycemic properties. Various other effects like antiulcer, antiviral, antihepatotoxic, antifungal and herpes simplex have also been studies. These results are very encouraging and indicate that this Unani drug can be studies more extensively with a well-planned and systematic scientific preclinical and clinical approach to explore the promising outcome. Further this review gives an account of the current knowledge on the morphological characters, microscopic characters, phytochemistry, and pharmacological actions present in root of Glycyrrhiza glabra along with its actions and therapeutic potential in the perspective of USM.

Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra, therapeutic potential, USM
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Piperazine Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Patel Nalini , Karkhanis Vaishali , Patel Pinkal
Published: September 2019

Some 1-((4-methylpiperazin-1yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole & 1-((4-phenylpiperazin-1yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized through reaction of 1-substituted piperazines with different benzimidazole derivatives in methanol yielded the corresponding mannich bases (42-a to 42-i). All the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR and MASS spectroscopy. They were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using in-vivo (Carrageenan- induced rat paw edema model) method at a dose of 50mg/kg. result showed that compounds 42-c, 42-d and 42-h were found to be most potent in series.

Keywords: 1,4-disubstituted Piperazine, Anti-inflammatory, Mannich Base.
RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Determination of Didanosine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Authors: Gholve Sachin , Gangapure Sharddha , Birajdar Mahesh , Mujewar Imran , Bhusnure Omprakash G
Published: September 2019

To develop a simple, cheap, accurate, and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for estimation of Didanosine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation was conducted by using mobile phase consisting of methanol: water in the ratio (30:70). The wavelength was found at 246nm. Agilent 1220 Infinity LC with ezchrome software is used for chromatographic determination. The separation was conducted by using Zebra Eclipse XDB-C-18 (4.6×250×5µm) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using variable wavelength detector. The developed method resulted in didanosine eluting at 4.650 min. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range 2-12µg/ml with coefficient regression R2-0.997. Mean recovery was found to be in the range of 99.99%, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) was found to be 5 mg/ml and 16 mg/ml respectively. A cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Didanosine as per ICH guidelines.

Keywords:-RP-HPLC, Didanosine, Method Validation