bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced callus from seedlings of Peganum harmala L. and studying harmine compound concentration in vitro and in vivo by GC analysis
Authors: Mutasher H. H. , Attiya H. J.
Published: July 2021

Plant tissue culture considers a benefit biotechnological technique for scientific research especially the production of undifferentiation callus cells and regeneration through suspension or static media. The seedlings of Peganum harmala was used as a source to produce callus mass in vitro in static media through different tissue culture media supplemented by varying combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR). The result illustrates that 2 mg/l of Kinitine with 0.5 mg/l of 2, 4-D was efficient to stimulate callus induction with percent 100% in stem and root of P. harmala and this combination gave a high fresh weight, 1954 mg in root and 1170mg in stem and high dry weight in root and stem was 74.60, 60.30 respectively. In a comparative analysis through gas chromatography (GC) the stem and root in field recorded harmine concentration 56.13 and 40.95 Î¼g respectively, which was higher than the in vitro callus induction from stem and root, which may be due to the fact that field plants have not been exposed to plant hormones with concentrations higher than the normal level, which reduced the stimulation of cells producing active compounds.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in patients with chronic liver disease in Baghdad
Authors: Nafal Raghad Hasan , Al-Warid Harith Saeed , Al-Sultan Hayder Jamal
Published: July 2021

The influence of Toxoplasma gondii in the pathogenesis of hepatic disease has lately  had considerable attention. The objective of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in patients with chronic liver disease from Baghdad-Iraq. All patients have attended Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Teaching Hospital, Medical city in Baghdad, Iraq An analytical caseâ€“control study was achieved from September to November 2018. Seventy male patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and 70 control males  (free of chronic liver diseases) participated in this study, their ages were between (18-80) years old. Serum samples were taken from all subjects and were analysed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of anti-T.gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. The prevalence of anti-T.gondii IgG was significantly higher 62.85% in CLD patients compared with 27.28% in the control subjects. Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were also showed to be significantly higher in CLD patients compared with control subjects. A significant relation between age and the prevalence of T.gondii was reported in this study. Toxoplasmosis was largely reported among those aged (Ëƒ40) years old for both CLD patients and control subjects, while the other age groups showed less seroprevalence rates.

     Sera samples for both CLD patients and control subjects were tested for different liver enzyme: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALT was greater in CLD-Toxoplasma positive patients comparing to CLD-Toxoplasma negative patients. In addition to AST was higher in control-Toxoplasma positive subjects comparing to control-Toxoplasma negative subjects.

     These findings show that Toxoplasmosis is high expected to be diagnosed with chronic liver disease patients. Consequently, attention would be focused on health education of peoples at high risk of toxoplasmosis.
Bulk Volume Determination by Modified Water Displacement Method
Authors: Robert Ubong Williams , Etuk Sunday Edet , Agbasi Okechukwu Ebuka
Published: July 2021

In this work, a modified water displacement method (MWDM) was designed and used alongside geometry method (GEM), overflow method (OFM) and water displacement method (WDM) for determination of bulk volume of a porous solid. Their results were analyzed graphically and statistically. On testing against the data obtained by Suspension/Buoyancy Method (SBM) used as gold standard, it was found that only those generated by the modified water displacement method (MWDM) were of very high accuracy and precision. Apart from its reproducibility being within the recommended range for acceptability of a test method, the technique is cost-effective and easy to apply even with an ungraduated glass cylindrical tube. This can go a long way in enhancing thorough physical characterization of porous solids without the use of high cost, sophisticated and complex equipment.
Effects of Red Cabbage and Garlic Extracts on Oxidative Stress Induced by Fumonisin B1
Authors: AL-Fayyadh Mohanad S. , Wadood Shatha Abdul
Published: July 2021

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of red cabbage and garlic extracts on the oxidative stress induced through treatment with fumonisin B1 in male mice. The study was conducted on sixty male mice that were divided  randomly into six groups. Group 1included control mice, mice in group 2 received a daily oral dose (200 µg/kg.b.w) of fumonisin B1 for one month to induced mycotoxicosis, mice in group 3 received 500 mg/kg.b.w red cabbage extract plus fumonisin B1, mice in group 4 received only red cabbage extract, mice in group 5 received 500 mg/kg.b.w garlic extract plus fumonisin B1, and group 6 received garlic extract alone. After finishing  the experiments, samples of blood  were used for biochemical examination. The   results indicated that group 2 mice had significantly increased (p < 0.05) serum levels of malondialdehyde, which   is a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, in addition to significantly decreased levels of catalase and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione  peroxidase , glutathione , and superoxide dismutase  , as compared to the  normal control group. Oral administration  of  garlic and red cabbage extracts produced significantly  decreased levels of serum malondialdehyde and significantly increased levels of superoxide dismutase,  catalase,  glutathione peroxidase,  and  glutathione, as compared to  group 2. These results indicated that the experimental treatment with fumonisin B-1 caused an elevated oxidative stress in addition to the consumption of the antioxidant enzymes in response to the induced oxidative aggression.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2FeSnSe4 Nanofilms
Authors: Ali Omar Abdulsada , Al-Awadi Sarmed S.M.
Published: July 2021

Well dispersed Cu2FeSnSe4 (CFTSe) nanofilms were synthesized by hot-injection method. The structural and morphological measurements were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Chemical composition and optical properties of as-synthesized CFTSe nanoparticles were characterized using EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The average particle size of the nanoparticles was about 7-10 nm. The UV-Vis absorption spectra showed that the synthesized CFTS nanofilms have a band gap (Eg) of about 1.16 eV. Photo-electrochemical characteristics of CFTSe nanoparticles were studied and indicated their potential application in photovoltaic applications.
Characterization of Copper Phthalocyanine-Tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt /Graphene Oxide
Authors: Kazem Mayada Waheed , Jalal Raed Kamel
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the pure graphene oxide and copper phthalocyanine-tetrasolfonic acid tetrasodium salt were used to prepare thin films by using the spin coating method. These chemical compounds have remarkable optical properties and are chemically used in the development of device sensors by increasing the mixing ratio. Three different mixing ratios were prepared at room temperature and 150oC annealing temperature for three hours. The spectra of UV-VIS-IR absorption, photoluminescence, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) were studied.
Vehicles Detection System at Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Abdullah Mustafa Najm , Ali Yousra Hussein
Published: July 2021

The importance of efficient vehicle detection (VD) is increased with the expansion of road networks and the number of vehicles in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This paper proposes a system for detecting vehicles at different weather conditions such as sunny, rainy, cloudy and foggy days. The first step to the proposed system implementation is to determine whether the video’s weather condition is normal or abnormal. The Random Forest (RF) weather condition classification was performed in the video while the features were extracted for the first two frames by using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). In this system, the background subtraction was applied by the mixture of Gaussian 2 (MOG 2) then applying a number of pre-processing operations, such as Gaussian blur filter, dilation, erosion, and threshold. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a histogram equalization technique for complex weather conditions instead of a Gaussian blur filter for improving the video clarity, which leads to increase detection accuracy. Based on the previous steps, the system defines each region in the frame expected to contain vehicles. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifies the defined regions into a vehicle or not.  As compared to the previous methods, the proposed system showed high efficiency of about 96.4% and ability to detect vehicles at different weather conditions.
The association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositive status and diabetes mellitus in obese and non-obese subjects in Baghdad
Authors: Al-Khafajii Ghufran Salman , Al-Warid Harith Saeed , Al-Abbudi Fadhil A.
Published: July 2021

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii seropositive status among obese and diabetic patients has recently attracted substantial attention. The objective of this study was to assess the seropositive rate of T. gondii and its relation to high body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and metabolic syndrome among participants (n=100) who attended Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital, Baghdad-Iraq. An observational analytical study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. Participants were divided into three groups based on their BMI; obese (n=38), overweight (n=32) and normal (n=30). In addition, they were divided into diabetic (n=45) and non-diabetic (n=55) based on clinical examination, laboratory examination, and medical interview. Another classification was considered: Obese-diabetic (n=24), obese- non-diabetic (n=14), overweight-diabetic (n=13), overweight non-diabetic (n=19), normal-diabetic (n=8) and normal-nondiabetic (n=28). Finally, participants were divided into metabolic syndrome-positive (n=64) and metabolic syndrome negative (n=36). Serum samples were taken from all participants and examined for the detection of anti-T.gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. The anti T.gondii IgG positive rate was higher in the “overweight” compared to the “obese” and “normal BMI” groups. No significant differences (P=0.22) in seropositive rate were indicated among groups. The results also showed that there was no significant difference (P=0.84) in anti-T. gondii IgG positive rate between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. While the anti T.gondii IgG was significantly (P=0.03) higher in patients with metabolic syndrome as opposed to those with no metabolic syndrome. The results also showed that normal-diabetic and overweigh-diabetic patients had the highest anti-T.gondii IgG positive rate, although no significant differences were noticed among groups. Some other parameters were also examined for the participants, including abdominal obesity, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose and glycated haemoglobin. Significant differences were noticed only for abdominal obesity and HDL (P˂0.05) between anti T.gondii IgG positive cases and anti T.gondii IgG negative cases. Other factors did not show significant differences between these two groups. Finally, this study showed that T. gondii seropositive status played a significant role in changing only HDL level while other parameters of lipid profile were not influenced by T.gondii seropositivity among obese, diabetic patients and metabolic syndrome patients.
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH NILAI BATAS UNTUK PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL FRAKSIONAL LINIER ORDE 2Î± DENGAN TURUNAN TIPE CAPUTO
Authors: HAYANI TSANI RATNA , SYAFWAN MAHDHIVAN
Published: July 2021

Dalam penelitian ini diselesaikan masalah nilai batas untuk persamaan diferensial fraksional linier orde 2Î± dengan turunan tipe Caputo. Teorema-teorema utama menyajikan bentuk umum dan bentuk khusus solusi dari persamaan diferensial serta beberapa contoh yang mengilustrasikan teorema utama yang dipaparkan.Kata Kunci: Masalah nilai batas, persamaan diferensial fraksional linier orde 2Î±,turunan tipe Caputo
KEIDEMPOTENAN DARI KOMBINASI LINIER PADA MATRIKS IDEMPOTEN DAN MATRIKS T-POTEN YANG KOMUTATIF
Authors: SUCI NOVIANA LATHIFA , YANITA YANITA , RIANTI HELMI MONIKA
Published: July 2021

Misal A adalah matriks idempoten (A2=A) dan B adalah matriks t-poten (Bt = B) untuk semua bilangan bulat positif t > 1 dan AB = BA. Penelitian ini akan memperlihatkan semua pasangan c1, c2 bilangan kompleks taknol sehingga kombinasi linier c1Sâˆ’1AS + c2Sâˆ’1BS adalah idempoten.Kata Kunci: Matriks Idempoten, Matriks T-Poten, Diagonalisasi.
PEMBANGKITAN POLA SIMETRI ROTASI 90â—¦ DARI SIMULASI SISTEM DINAMIK
Authors: FEBRI CANIA KINTAN , SYAFWAN MAHDHIVAN , BAHRI SUSILA
Published: July 2021

Dalam makalah ini dibahas pola simetri jenis p4 berwarna yang memiliki simetri rotasi 90â—¦ dan simetri translasi dengan periode T masing-masing sepanjang sumbu-x dan sumbu-y. Pola simetri p4 ini dibangkitkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Matlab melalui simulasi sistem dinamik diskrit dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan analisis terhadap syarat dan pemilihan fungsi-fungsi dinamiknya. Dalam hal ini, setiap titik pada bidang dijadikan sebagai titik awal pada iterasi sistem dinamik, dan jumlah iterasi yang dihasilkan dari kriteria konvergensi dalam bentuk norm Euclidian menentukan warna yang diberikan pada titik tersebut. Dengan menggunakan beberapa kombinasi nilai-nilai parameter pada fungsi-fungsi dinamik, diperoleh pola-pola simetri p4 yang lebih menarik dan variatif.Kata Kunci: Isometri, Pola Simetri p4, Sistem Dinamik
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH TRANSPORTASI MENGGUNAKAN ALLOCATION TABLE METHOD (ATM)
Authors: ABDI HUSNUL , BAHRI SUSILA
Published: July 2021

Masalah transportasi merupakan salah satu kendala dari suatu perusahaan. Kendala ini adalah bagaimana cara mengirim barang dari suatu sumber ke tujuan dengan biaya yang minimum. Menemukan solusi layak dasar merupakan syarat utama untuk memperoleh solusi optimal suatu masalah transportasi. Pada tulisan ini, solusi layak dasar masalah transportasi pengangkutan semen PT. Mega Eltra Persero dari tiga sumber (Panjang, Paya Rumput, Tebing Tinggi) ke delapan tujuan (UD. Sakti, UD. Paten, UD. Utama, UD. Indomas, UD. Jecky, PT. Utama, PT. Waskita, UD. Harco) diperoleh dengan menggunakan Allocation Table Method (ATM). Dengan metode tersebut dihasilkan total biaya transportasi sebesar Rp. 751.355.000,00 (tujuh ratus lima puluh satu juta tiga ratus lima puluh lima ribu rupiah) yang mendekati solusi optimalnya yaitu Rp. 727.315.000,00 (tujuh ratus dua puluh tujuh juta tiga ratus lima belas ribu rupiah).Kata Kunci: Masalah Transportasi, Solusi layak dasar, Allocation Table Method
REGRESI ROBUST MM-ESTIMATOR UNTUK MEMODELKAN JUMLAH KEMATIAN BALITA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR TAHUN 2017
Authors: RAHMAH PUTRI ATIKAH , YOZZA HAZMIRA , YANUAR FERRA
Published: July 2021

Dengan berakhirnya MDGs, PBB kembali membuat agenda pembangunan yaitu SDGs dengan salah satu targetnya yaitu mengakhiri kematian balita yang dapat dicegah, dengan seluruh negara menurunkan Angka Kematian Balita 25 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Provinsi Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki angka kematian absolut yang masih tinggi yaitu sebanyak 4.464 balita meninggal pertahun. Untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi jumlah kematian balita digunakan analisis regresi robust MM-estimator. MM-Estimator merupakan gabungan dari S-Estimator dan M-Estimator sehingga metode ini mempunyai efisiensi yang tinggi dan nilai resisten yang tinggi pula, sehingga metode MM-Estimator merupakan metode yang terbaik dibandingkan metode regresi robust lainnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel bebas yang mempe- ngaruhi jumlah kematian balita di Provinsi Jawa Timur adalah jumlah kasus pneumonia pada balita.Kata Kunci: Regresi Robust MM-Estimator, Jumlah Kematian Balita, Outlier
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL ORDE DUA DENGAN SYARAT BATAS FRACTIONAL (KASUS AKAR RIIL BERBEDA)
Authors: REVINA REFI , RUDIANTO BUDI
Published: July 2021

Dalam artikel ini dikaji solusi persamaan diferensial linier orde dua dengan syarat batas fractional, dimana turunan fractional pada syarat batas berbentuk turunan fractional Riemann-Liouville kiri. Beberapa contoh yang mengilustrasikan hasil disajikan untuk setiap kasus.Kata Kunci: Persamaan diferensial linier orde dua, syarat batas, turunan fractional Riemann-Liouville kiri.
SOLUSI PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL FRAKSIONAL NONHOMOGEN
Authors: KHAIRUN NISA RAHMI , ZULAKMAL ZULAKMAL , MUHAFZAN MUHAFZAN
Published: July 2021

. Dalam makalah ini diselesaikan persamaan diferensial fraksional nonhomogen untuk Î± âˆˆ (0, 1) dengan turunan tipe Caputo menggunakan metode transformasi Laplace. Beberapa contoh yang mengilustrasikan teorema utama disajikan.Kata Kunci: Persamaan Diferensial Fraksional Nonhomogen, Turunan Tipe Caputo, Transformasi Laplace.
PENGGUNAAN FUNGSI BLOCK PULSE TERMODIFIKASI UNTUK MENGAPROKSIMASI PERSAMAAN INTEGRAL-DIFERENSIAL VOLTERRA-FREDHOLM LINIER
Authors: AHMAD AYYUBI
Published: July 2021

Sebuah metode numerik berdasarkan pada fungsi block pulse termodifikasi (FBPT) digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan integral-diferensial VolterraFredholm linier (PI-DV-FL). Kita memperoleh sebuah matriks operasional integrasi dari fungsi block pulse termodifikasi pada interval [0, T). Fungsi block pulse termodifikasi dan matriks operasional integrasinya dapat menyederhanakan persamaan integral-diferensial Volterra-Fredholm linier ke dalam bentuk sistem persamaan linier. Tingkat konvergensi dan analisis galat dari metode yang digunakan diselidiki. Sebuah contoh diberikan untuk menunjukkan bahwa metode yang digunakan memiliki tingkat akurasi yang baik dengan melihat nilai pada tiap titik dan ilustrasi grafiknya.Kata Kunci: Fungsi Block Pulse Termodifikasi, Matriks Operasional Integrasi, Persamaan Integral-Diferensial Volterra-Fredholm Linier
MODIFIKASI METODE HOUSEHOLDER TANPA TURUNAN KEDUA DENGAN ORDE KONVERGENSI OPTIMAL
Authors: WARTONO WARTONO , ELRISKA DASA
Published: July 2021

Metode Householder merupakan metode iterasi berorde konvergensi tiga yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan nonliner. Selain itu, metode Householder menggunakan tiga evaluasi fungsi pada setiap iterasinya dengan indeks efisiensi sebesar 31/3 â‰ˆ 1, 4422. Artikel ini membahas modifikasi metode Householder berparameter real Î» menggunakan deret Taylor orde dua. Selanjutnya, turunan kedua direduksi menggunakan deret Taylor orde dua dan menambahkan satu parameter real Î¸. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode iterasi baru mempunyai orde konvergensi empat untuk Î» = 1 dan Î¸ = 1 dan melibatkan tiga evaluasi fungsi dengan indeks efisiensinya sebesar 41/3 â‰ˆ 1.5874. Simulasi numerik diberikan untuk menguji performasi metode iterasi tersebut yang meliputi jumlah iterasi dan nilai mutlak fungsi dengan menggunakan enam fungsi real. Ukuran-ukuran performasi dari metode iterasi baru dibandingkan dengan metode Newton, metode Newton-Steffensen, metode Householder dan metode Newton Ganda. Hasil simulasi numerik menujukkan bahwa metode iterasi baru mempunyai performasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode iterasi lainnya.Kata Kunci: Indeks efisiensi, metode Householder, orde konvergensi, persamaan nonlinier, simulasi numerik
Laboratory Evaluation of IPS-lithium Disilicate Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Ubaed Sana R. , Ali Omar S.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the microhardness and light transmission through new Emax brackets with two ceramic brackets commercially available in the markets. The brackets were divided into three groups: (1) E max brackets (IPS E-max press, Ivoclar, Germany), (2) Gemini clear brackets (Unitek, 3M, USA), and (3) discovery pearl ceramic brackets (Dentaurum, Germany). The Vickers hardness test was used to evaluate the hardness of the wings in addition the light transmission of three brackets types were tested through using an orthodontic light cure device and light meter. The hardness test of discovery pearl ceramic brackets and Gemini clear brackets gave significantly higher than E.max one while later gave significantly more light transmission through it when compared with another two brackets. In conclusion, the noticeable tested brackets make E max material one of choice for modern esthetic brackets in future although the hardness is less comparing the other tested brackets due to the purity of material compering with other test brackets which are reinforced of their material, the new material requiring improving of mechanical performances.
Molecular Identification and Antibacterial Activity of Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Sulaymaniyah Governorate Soil, Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Qadir Syamand A. , Shareef Osama H. , Mohammed Othman A.
Published: July 2021

Soil is play an important role for reserve abundant groups of microorganisms, especially Streptomyces. Streptomyces are recognized as prokaryotes, aerobic and Gram-positive bacteria with high Guanine + Cytosine contents in their DNA. These groups of bacteria show filamentous growth from a single spore and they are normally found in all kinds of ecosystems, including water, soil, and plants. A total of three Streptomyces strains were isolated from soil of the sides of Darband Ranya in Sulaimani governorate. Different approaches were followed for the identification of the isolated stains. Morphological and cultural properties of these isolates have shown that the isolates are belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Desired colonies of the isolates were distinguished and separated from other bacteria on the basis of colony morphology, pigmentation, ability to produce a different color of aerial hyphae, and bottom mycelium on raffinose-histidine agar and starch-casein agar media. In addition, analysis of phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strains related the genus. KS010 isolates had the highest identity (99.32%) with the type strain of Streptomyces atrovirens, while KS005 and KS007 isolates were most closely related to Streptomyces lateritius by identity 99.32%. The isolated test strains were also active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria following co-cultivation technique. However, further study should be done to identify the types of these antibacterial compounds.
Implementasi House of Risk dalam Strategi Mitigasi Penyebab Risiko pada Aktivitas di Bagian Produksi PT. XYZ
Authors: Octavia Chendrasari W. , Magdalena Riana , Prasetya Wibawa
Published: July 2021

In the current competitive environment, every company is required to have a strong supply chain network as part of the company's strategy to survive in the company environment. However, the establishment of a strong supply chain network is not a guarantee of risk free. Risk is the impact of an event, an event occurs due to uncertainty that cannot be predicted by stakeholders. In this study aims to identify and map risk events and causes of risk, and provide proposed actions to minimize risk mitigation strategies with the House of Risk approach. The House of Risk approach is part of risk management in the supply chain where this method is able to identify and map risks and events of risk, and provide proposed mitigation strategies. The results of this study obtained 10 risk events and 17 risk causes with the proposed mitigation actions 7 actions.
Optimasi Green Productivity pada Industri Karet di PT. X Palembang
Authors: Rosyidah Masayu , Sholekah Lihatus , Oktarini Devie
Published: July 2021

PT. X is a company that processes semi-finished rubber. In its management, the company relies on a number of suppliers of raw rubber. In the production process produces liquid waste. The problem in this research is how to increase company productivity and reduce environmental impact. This study aims to determine the level of company productivity, knowing the EPI index (Environmental Performance Indicator). Methods of conducting research through observation and questionnaires. Based on the results of calculations performed, it shows that the company's productivity is quite good with an average value of 202.56%, while the results of the calculation of the total EPI index are positive because the company has made management efforts in accordance with the applicable provision.
The multidimensional space of the integral characteristics of biocenotic assemblages: invariance of its structure relative to various measures (and units) of these characteristics
Authors: Volvenko Igor V.
Published: July 2021

In a virtual multidimensional space with the axes represented by integral characteristics as abundance and size of individuals and parameters of species diversity, the points corresponded to samples from different biocenotic assemblages form similar multilayer domical shapes. There is shown on cited data and original data analysis that such structures are typical for stable state of biocenotic systems and the laws and processes of their forming do not depend on observer - i.e. on measures and units describing the major integral characteristics of these systems.
Description of ichthyofauna composition in the Japan Sea
Authors: Izmyatinsky Denis V.
Published: July 2021

Species composition of fish is decribed for the Japan Sea on the data of Pacific Fish.Res.Center (TINRO), Russia (about 10,000 bottom and pelagic research trawlings at the depth 5-750 m obtained in 1980-2005), National Fish.Res.Dev.Inst. (NFRDI), Rep.Korea (about 100 research cruises conducted since 1994 with trawling at the depth 30-2550 m), coastal fishery statistics, and cited data. All past revisions in the taxonomy are registered. Some general ecological and zoogeographical features of the Japan Sea are revealed. In total, 962 fish species dwell in the Japan Sea, and 738 of them (77 %) are registered in the EEZ of Russia and Korea. In the analyzed TINRO and NFRDI surveys, 419 fish species were found, mainly in research trawls (389) and patially only in commercial catches in coastal waters (30). On the other hand, 872 fish species (91 % of the total list) occur in the EEZ of Japan. The species belong to 42 orders (Perciformes absolutely dominates among them by number of species - 432) and 215 families (the most numerous are Cottidae - 51 species, Gobiidae - 48 species, and Stichaeidae - 41 species). From zoogeographic point of view, they have mostly tropical-subtropical (488 species), lowboreal-subtropical (210 species), and lowboreal Asian (128 species) origin; only 14 species are endemics of the Japan Sea, 17 species are endemics of the Japan and Okhotsk Seas, and 171 species are endemics of the southern part of the North-West Pacific (Japan Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Pacific coast of Japan). The major part of fish species in the Japan Sea inhabit mainly sublittoral (28 %) and elittoral (28 %) biotopes; diversity of stenobathic species decreases both shoreward and toward the continental slope. Bottom (46 %) and near-bottom (26 %) species absolutely prevail over pelagic ones (20 %), whereas 8 % of the species are considered as bottom-pelagic ones.
Hydrochemical and biogeochemical features of freshwater and brackish lakes in eastern Sikhote-Alin
Authors: Chernova Elena N. , Shulkin Vladimir M. , Lysenko Eugenia V. , Lutsenko Tatiana N. , Boldeskul Anna G.
Published: July 2021

Concentration of major ions and trace metals dissolved and suspended in water and trace metals in plankton of freshwater (Vaskovskoye, Golubichnoye, Yaponskoye) and brackish (Dukhovskoye, Krugloye, Mramornoye, Blagodati) lakes of eastern Sikhote-Alin is determined in July 2011-2012. The Lakes Golubichnoye and Blagodati are included in the Sikhote-Alin State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Anions are detected by the liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC-10AVP), cations and metals are analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS Shimadzu 6800), and carbon concentration is measured by the method of thermocatalytic oxidation with infrared registration (TOC-VCPN, Shimadzu). The freshwater lakes of eastern Sikhote-Alin are distinguished by heightened concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, and sodium as compared with lakes of East-European Plain, mainly because of aerial transfer of ions from the sea. The ions concentration in brackish lakes is determined by direct penetration of seawater. Difference of the heavy metals concentration between freshwater and brackish lakes is negligible, except the manganese with higher concentration in the freshwater lakes. Lakes with wetlands in their drainage area have high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, iron and manganese, which are depended on water regime. Concentrations of trace metals in the lakes water are low because of its pluvial origin (rainwater transforms slightly in the process of filtration through effusive rocks), with exception of Lake Vaskovskoe located in the area of mining and processing the polymetallic and borosilicate ores, close to the lead smeltery in Rudnaya Pristan stopped in 2009: the lead concentration in the water of this lake is heightened, both in dissolved and suspended forms, though does not exceed the maximal permissible concentration for drinking water. Accumulation of metals by plankton is determined mainly by biological need of the plankton in these elements and practically doesn’t depend on their concentration in water.
Some aspects of pot fishery on humpback shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus and its biological condition in the southern part of the subzone Primorye (Japan Sea) in autumn 2013
Authors: Mizyurkin Michael A. , Koblikov Valery N. , Kruchinin Oleg N. , Korneychuk Ilia A.
Published: July 2021

Data on productivity of pot fishery on humpback shrimp at the coast of Primorye are presented, actual in conditions of its trawl fishery ban in the northwestern Japan Sea. Biological parameters of the shrimp in the fishing season are considered, and dynamics of the catches is analyzed for one of the major fishing grounds. Species composition and abundance of by-catch in the shrimp pots are discussed. Dependence of the shrimp catch on options of the bite preparation is determined.
Biotechnology of dried snacks with heightened nutritional value made from salmon backbones and jerusalem artichoke
Authors: Potapova Valeria A. , Mezenova Olga Ya.
Published: July 2021

The problems of protein deficiency, utilization of fish processing wastes, and lack of healthy snacks at Russian market are decided simultaneously by developing the technology for dried snacks made from backbones of atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), after filleting the fish, and tubers of jerusalem artichoke ( Helianthus tuberosus ) growing in Kaliningrad region. The method of orthogonal central composite design is used to determine optimal parameters of the technological process, as the portion of artichoke and the time of drying. Organoleptic score of the finished product is used as the optimization parameter. Mathematical model of the technological process is developed that allows to determine optimal parameters of the texturized semiproduct drying. Quality of the finished product is assessed and its biological value is evaluated with calculation of some macronutrients amount by the computational method. The content of potassium is 940 mg/kg, magnesium - 154 mg/kg, calcium - 285 mg/kg, phosphorus - 200 mg/kg. Comparing these values with the recommended daily intake of the nutrients, the snack can be classified as a functional food. Recommendations for the snack use are presented. The standard «Functional snacks Fish BioStripes» is proposed.
Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax dentex in the shelf zone and inland water bodies of Kamchatka: state of stock, fishery, and biological structure
Authors: Bugaev Alexander V. , Amelchenko Yury N. , Lipnyagov Sergey V.
Published: July 2021

Stock and biological structure of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax dentex in the water bodies of Kamchatka are considered. In total, 14,156 individuals are analyzed in 2005-2013; age is determined for 11,954 of them. The stock is assessed by bottom trawl and Danish seine surveys in the shelf zone of Kamchatka (13 surveys in 2005-2013). State of the stock is evaluated as good, in general, but some unbalance between its northern and southern parts is noted in recent years: the former one grows and its state is very good recently but the latter one has a tendency to decrease though its state is still satisfactory. Dynamics of the major biological parameters of smelt, as sex ratio, body size and weight, and age structure, indicate also some features of its southern sub-stock degradation, as size and weight decreasing and lowering the age in catches. In particular, these changes are clear in the Petropavlovsk-Commander fishery district, where they are presumably caused by large-scale unregulated sport and amateur fisheries with the summary annual landing about 1-2 thousand tons of rainbow smelt that is comparable with its commercial withdrawal. These activities affect mostly on immature fish that destruct the whole stock of rainbow smelt.
Sex-age structure and reproduction of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera in the eastern part of the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Diakov Yury P.
Published: July 2021

Data on sex ratio and size-age composition of yellowfin sole Limanda aspera Pallas [1814] in the eastern Okhotsk Sea are generalized. The sex structure is significantly different for mature and immature parts of this stock. Natural losses of both males and females depend on their year-class strength: the stronger the generation, the higher mortality. Besides, their maturing depends on the year-class strength, too: both males and females of high-abundant generations mature later, and rate of their gonads maturation decreases for elder age groups. Favorable environmental conditions supposedly promote growth of spawning stock with increasing of the females portion. So, for weak or mediate year-classes the leading increase of females provides an abundant recruitment at the beginning, but further the growing misbalance of sex ratio can effect on the reproduction negatively. However, dynamics of progeny correlates stronger with spawning stock than with sex ratio.
Satellite traceology: experience of using in the interests of mammalogy for protection of ice-associated marine mammals
Authors: Melentyev Vladimir V. , Chernook Vladimir I. , Melentyev Konstantin V. , Startsev Alexandr A. , Zakharova Tatiyana A.
Published: July 2021

Advanced technology of satellite traceology is presented on the base of using the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with high space and deep resolution installed for the first time onboard Soviet space station Almaz and now functioning successfully onboard the satellites Envisat and RADARSAT. The SAR traceology is the central issue of the satellite eco-criminology and concerns to theory of the traces formation, variability, and preservation in undamaged state. Ships coordinates, their traces and complexity of ice routing are fixed by the method of satellite charting, and their possible influence on ice-associated marine mammals is assessed. Numerous examples of SAR satellite control on navigation in stormy weather and ships’ presence in ice with different compactness, origin and age are overviewed, as well as impact of travel facilities on ice-associated animals welfare. Some incidents potentially dangerous for marine mammals are considered for the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Parameters of the ice cover, as openings, large fractures, and polynyas made by icebreakers in this area were determined on the base of the satellite SAR data, comprehensive digital ice maps with scheme of real ships’ routes in the ice were prepared, and the routes correspondence with ESIMO demands was assessed. The satellite SAR survey in the Kandalaksha Bay (White Sea) allowed to fix that winter navigation in the White Sea provoked formation of fractures and polynyas and reduced the sea ice area suitable for reproduction of greenland seals. For validation of this situation, airborne control was organized aboard the aircraft L-410 «Nord» that provided panoramic and IR images of ship channel through the rookeries of the seals in time of their reproduction. Besides, the aircraft made observations of pacific walruses behavior in the Bering Sea which were superposed with the satellite SAR and passive microwave survey in frame of the project «Pacific Walrus». Traceological control of the sea ice in the Anadyr Bay (Bering Sea) allowed to determine the size of openings in the ice and to assess the influence of tide and wind on welfare of ice-associated marine mammals. Some cases of infringement the regulation of navigation were revealed by means of the satellite SAR traceology.
Comparative study of chemical and functional-technological properties for milts of commercial fishes
Authors: Dementeva Natalia V. , Voropaeva Elena Yu.
Published: July 2021

Milts are produced as food waste after processing of such raw fishes of high nutritional value as salmons, cod, and herring. Their using as a basement for food products is a perspective way of fish-processing technology development. Chemical and function-technology properties of chopped milt are investigated to determine their suitability for producing of food products, as sausages, pates, souses, and pastes and these properties are compared for the milts from salmon, cod, and herring. The milts are 3-26 % of the raw fish weight for these commercial species that is a significant amount of food waste. The milt tissue is slightly saturated by fats (coefficient of food saturation is 0.3 for all investigated fishes) and highly saturated by water, so the milt should be combined with other raw materials for increasing the food value. The milt lipids differ from the lipids of muscular tissue by high concentration of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with five and six connections; the amount of these fatty acids is twice higher than the amount of saturated ones (49-52 % of total fatty acids). Moreover, the milt lipids have high coefficients of metabolism comparing with the lipids of muscular tissue, that’s why they are easy digested by human. The milts of all investigated fish species are distinguished by ability for fat emulsification. These high functional-technological properties allow to recommend the milts of salmons, cod and herring for high spectrum of food products, including emulsion ones.
Juveniles of pink and chum salmon in fall season (September-October 2013) in the western Bering Sea. Distribution, feeding, and strategy of growth
Authors: Lazhentsev Artem Е. , Maznikova Olga А.
Published: July 2021

Ontogeny of one generation of pink and chum salmons is described for the period after the juveniles redistribution from coastal waters to deep-water areas in the western Bering Sea in September-October, 2013. They fed intensively; their diet included hyperiids, pteropods and young euphausiids, i.e. the protein food with low lipid content and low caloricity. They spend only 20 % of their consumption for growth because of decreasing of the growth rate with body size increasing and significant energy expenditure for moving activity. Chemical composition of the juveniles tissues was almost the same for both species, the muscle tissue was distinguished by low fat content, without interspecies differences. So, fat accumulation doesn’t occur at this stage of ontogeny, the whole energy obtained from food is spent for moving, linear growth and metabolism.
Physiological status for fingerlings of kaluga and reciprocal hybrid sterlet x kaluga in the wintering period
Authors: Valova Vera N.
Published: July 2021

Wintering is one of the most complicated biotechnical processes in pisciculture, and its success depends on a wide spectrum of biotic and abiotic factors, first of all on the fish physiological status before this period. Sturgeon fishes are believed to stop feeding under the water temperature below 4 °C that causes essential reorganization of their metabolism because of transition to endogenous feeding. Physiological status of fingerlings of kaluga and reciprocal hybrid sterlet x kaluga is compared in the beginning, middle and end of wintering, with comparative characteristic of their peripheral blood reaction and understanding of starvation influence on their digestive and hemopoietic systems. The fingerlings of both species were kept in cages of warm-water farm and fed with fodder. The fingerlings of kaluga started the wintering with improper physiological status, with evident pathological processes expressed as eosinophilia, macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, increase of immature erythrocytes, and pathomorphological changes of erythrocytes (poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, karyorhexis, hemolysis). These symptoms could be caused by either herpesvirus infection or cumulative polytoxicosis, but results of hematological and histological analysis in the middle and end of the wintering confirmed the viral nature. Thus, mass disease and mortality of fish is possible in conditions of the temperature increase in spring. Therefore, prophylactic measures are recommended for overwintered kaluga fingerlings to enhance their immune and physiological status, such as addition of vitamins C and E, probiotics and prebiotics to fodder. On the contrary, the fingerlings of reciprocal hybrid sterlet x kaluga had a high physiological status before and during wintering, in spite of a rather high portion of eosinophiles in their leukogram.
On little known deep-sea shark Centroscyllium ritteri (Etmopteridae, Squliformes)
Authors: Dolganov Vladimir N.
Published: July 2021

Morphological description for 30 specimens of shark Centroscyllium ritteri caught off northeastern Japan in the 1980, including juveniles and adults of both sexes. Counts for vertebras, teeth rows, and intestinal valves are presented. The species biology is discussed.
Introduction to trophology of walleye pollock
Authors: Volkov Anatoly F.
Published: July 2021

Various aspects of walleye pollock feeding at different stages of its ontogenesis are reviewed and discussed. Structure and functional features of its mouth organs are considered with meristic and quantitative description of the filter one. Lists of pollock prey are presented with attention to changes of food composition and dominant species in the process of its growth from larvae to adult fish. Daily rhythm of feeding is not usual for pollock, but it appears locally and temporary under regional or seasonal conditions of its prey (i.e. plankton). An important feature of the pollock trophology is cannibalism on its own larvae and underyearlings that allows to the population to extend the food spectrum toward small-sized zooplankton. Activity of the pollock feeding can change in several times during the year in dependence on food resources and physiological state of the fish. Year-to-year variability of mass groups of prey (copepods, euphausiids, hyperiids) abundance sometimes coincides with the pollock stock changes in the northern Okhotsk Sea, but variations of arroworms abundance (not important for pollock) never coincide with the stock changes. Daily food ration of pollock (relative to body weight) decreases with its age, but its absolute individual consumption increases that could be a reason of food conversion underestimation. However, large fish are few and feed mostly on fish and benthic invertebrates (similar to cod), so their consumption of zooplankton could be ignored.
Modern assemblages of benthic foraminifera in the Zhitkov Bay (Russky Island) of Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea
Authors: Tarasova Tatyana S. , Romanova Alexandra V. , Pletnev Sergey P. , Annin Vladimir K.
Published: July 2021

Taxonomic and quantitative composition of Foraminifera assemblages in the Zhitkov Bay (Russky Island, Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) are described. In total, 52 species from 30 genera and 14 families of benthic foraminifera have been identified in bottom sediments. The most of them are represented by calcareous forms (38 species), with the highest abundance of families Elphidiidae, Discorbidae, and Buliminidae, other are 14 species of agglutinated foraminifera, including 2 common species of families Trochamminidae and Ataxophragmiidae. Population density of benthic foraminifera correlates well with the type of bottom sediments: the highest abundance is observed on alenric sediments and pebble-sandy grounds and the lowest abundance - on fine-grained pelitic sediments. Six assemblages of benthic foraminifera are determined for the Zhitkov Bay, taking into account the prevailing families.
Feeding and food relations of mass species of sculpins (Cottidae, Pisces) in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) in summer
Authors: Pushchina Olga I. , Solomatov Sergey F. , Kalchugin Pavel V. , Budnikova Ludmila L.
Published: July 2021

Feeding and competitive relationships are considered qualitatively and quantitatively for 9 common species of sculpins (Cottidae) on the data of bottom-trawl surveys of the shelf and upper continental slope of Peter the Great Bay conducted in June-September of 2002-2009. Most of these species are facultative predators (elkhorn sculpin Alcichthys elongatus , blackedged sculpin Gymnocanthus herzensteini , plain sculpin Myoxocephalus jaok , snowy sculpin M. brandti , and great sculpin M. polyacanthocephalus ), two of them are euryphages (thorny sculpin Icelus cataphractus and graypurple sculpin G. detrisus ), and two other are benthophages (antlered sculpin Enophrys diceraus is benthophagous polyphage and thread sculpin G. pistilliger is benthofagous worm-feeder). Daily ration of these species is estimated as 2.4-3.6 % of body weight, with exception of antlered sculpin that is distinguished by lower feeding intensity (on average 1.0 % per day) due to features of its physiology. Food competition between sculpins is estimated as very low, at least in summer feeding season. Cases of significant overlapping of trophic niches noted for the predatory species, as common consumption of echiuran Echiurus echiurus and snow crab Chionoecetes opilio , are reasoned by high abundance and availability of these prey, not by real competition.
Properties of cores of the water masses in the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Luchin Vladimir A. , Kruts Andrey A.
Published: July 2021

Spatial distribution of depth and water properties (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content) are considered in detail for cores of the Okhotsk Sea water masses: subsurface, intermediate, and deep, on the base of the most comprehensive oceanographic data set.