bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ДОПОМІЖНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ФАРМАКО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ПОРОШКОВИХ МАС ПРИ РОЗРОБЦІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ТАБЛЕТОК ЕКСТРАКТУ ГРУШАНКИ КРУГЛОЛИСТОЇ
Authors: Darzuli N. P. , Hroshovyi T. A. , Sokolova K. V. , Podpletnia O. A.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи. Дослідження впливу допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічні властивості порошкових мас для таблетування при розробці таблеток методом прямого пресування на основі сухого екстракту грушанки круглолистої.Матеріали і методи. Використано сухий екстракт грушанки круглолистої та 27 допоміжних речовин п’яти технологічних груп. Вивчення впливу допоміжних речовин на фармако-технологічні властивості сумішей для таблетування, а саме: кут природнього укосу, вільну насипну густину, насипну густину після ущільнення та текучість проводили відповідно до вимог ДФУ 2 видання. Процес пресування таблеток екстракту грушанки круглолистої оцінювали за п’ятибальною шкалою.Результати й обговорення. При створенні таблеток методом прямого пресування вивчено  вплив 27 допоміжних речовин (ДР)  на фармако-технологічні показники сумішей для таблетування, що містять екстракт грушанки круглолистої. Дослідження проводили з використаннням математичного планування експерименту – греко-латинського кубу 2-го порядку.Результати дисперсійного аналізу експериментальних даних показали, що найкращу текучість порошкових мас з екстрактом грушанки круглолистої забезпечують фруктоза, мікрокристалічна целюлоза (МКЦ) 200, крохмаль картопляний, неуселін US 2 та кальцію стеарат.Найменше значення кута природнього укосу порошкових мас з екстрактом грушанки круглолистої отримували при використанні фруктози, крохмалю картопляного, МКЦ 302, неуселіну US 2 і магнію стеарату.Найбільше значення вільної насипної густини порошкових мас з екстрактом грушанки круглолистої отримували при використанні цукру Compri M3 натрій карбоксиметилкрохмалю, крохмалю картопляного, кальцію гідрофосфату безводного, МКЦ бурсту, а насипної густини після ущільнення – цукру Compri M3, крохмалю картопляного, кальцію гідрофосфату безводного, МКЦ бурсту.Найкращі значення показника індексу Кара отримали при використанні крохмалю картопляного та фруктози.Найкраще процес пресування таблеток відбувався при використанні таблетози 80, парлітолу 200 SD, лудіпресу, prosolv SMCC 90, МКЦ 200, vivapur 14, prosolv EASYtab SP, vivapur 102.Висновки. За допомогою греко-латинського кубу 2-го порядку вивчено вплив 27-ми ДР на фармако-технологічні властивості порошкових мас (плинність, кут природного укосу, вільну насипну густину, насипну густину після ущільнення) і процес пресування таблеток з екстрактом листя грушанки круглолистої.Фармако-технологічні показники порошкових мас екстракту грушанки круглолистої з ДР вказують на можливість отримання таблеток методом прямого пресування.
КІЛЬКІСНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ L-ТРИПТОФАНУ ТА ТІОТРИАЗОЛІНУ В МОДЕЛЬНІЙ СУМІШІ
Authors: Kucherenko L. I. , Мazur І. А. , Borsuk S. O. , Portna O. O.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи. Розробка методів стандартизації модельної суміші, до складу якої входять L-триптофан та тіотриазолін у терапевтичному співвідношенні 4:1.Матеріали і методи. У ході дослідження в лабораторних умовах виготовлено 6 серій модельної суміші L-триптофану та тіотриазоліну в співвідношенні 4:1 (вміст діючих речовин на одну таблетку 200 мг і 50 мг відповідно) та розроблено методику стандартизації їх одночасного визначення методом ВЕРХ.Результати й обговорення. Проведено аналіз 6 серій модельної суміші (в кожній по 6 дослідів) за розробленою методикою ВЕРХ. У результаті дослідження визначили вміст L-триптофану, який становить від 197,2 до 204,9 мг, тіотриазоліну від 48,9 мг до 50,5 мг, що відповідає вимогам чинної нормативної документації.Висновки. У ході роботи розроблено високочутливий, відтворюваний, надійний, високоточний метод одночасної стандартизації діючих речовин, який планується використовувати при постадійному контролі якості таблеток з L-триптофаном та тіотриазоліном.
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН СТВОРЕННЯ, ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТАБЛЕТОВАНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ Повідомлення 28. Характеристика процесу виробництва і дослідження багатошарових таблеток
Authors: Тryhubchak О. V. , Groshovuy Т. А. , Begey N. S. , Nayda Yu. V.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи. Аналіз і систематизація даних літератури щодо технології, методів дослідження і показників якості багатошарових таблеток.Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано методи інформаційного пошуку, аналізу даних літератури щодо лікарської форми – багатошарових таблеток.Результати й обговорення. У роботі зібрано дані літератури щодо отримання багатошарових таблеток, проаналізовано їх склад і технологію. Пояснюються основні принципи створення багатошарових таблеток, які включають переваги, недоліки, методи отримання і типи таблетних машин. На прикладах наведено характеристику складу шарів негайного та тривалого вивільнення, показано особливості методів приготування таблетних мас. Виділено методи оцінки двошарової таблетки і фактори впливу на кінетику вивільнення.Висновки. Багатошарові таблетки – це нові системи доставки лікарських засобів, у яких в одній лікарській формі поєднуються речовини з різними профілями вивільнення. Для поліпшення профілів вивільнення до шару негайного вивільнення додають дезінтегранти. Шар пролонгованого вивільнення включає матричний полімер. Розрізняють різні технології двошарових таблеток. З метою отримання двошарових таблеток готують окремо 2 порошкові суміші з використанням методів прямого пресування та/або грануляції. Формування багатошарових таблеток відбувається за рахунок поступового стиснення окремих порошків на роторних таблетних пресах. На ринку доступні різні типи багатошарових таблетних машин. Багатошарові таблетки оцінюють за формою і розміром, висотою, стійкістю до роздавлювання, стираністю, однорідністю маси, розчиненням, водопоглинанням, кількісним вмістом тощо.
МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНІ ОЗНАКИ ЛИСТКІВ ХРИЗАНТЕМИ БАГАТОРІЧНОЇ САДОВОЇ СОРТІВ BELGO І ПЕКТОРАЛЬ
Authors: Polonets О. V. , Marchyshyn S. М. , Sira L. М. , Demydyak О. L.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи. Визначити  макро- і мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки листків хризантеми садової багаторічної (Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey) сортів Belgo та Пектораль.Матеріали і методи. Для вивчення морфологічної будови сировини використовували лупу та бінокулярний мікроскоп. Анатомічну будову листків  вивчали за загальноприйнятими фармакопейними методиками мікроскопічного аналізу. Діагностичні мікроскопічні ознаки фіксували за допомогою мікроскопа «Granum» при збільшенні ×40, ×100, ×400 разів. Фотознімки робили за допомогою фотоапарата Sony DSC-W80.Результати й обговорення. Листки обох сортів хризантеми багаторічної садової довгочерешкові, трійчасто- або перисто- лопатеві, роздільні чи розсічені, по краю пилчасті. Верхня сторона зелена, опушена, нижня – сірувато-зелена від рясного опушення, з виступаючими жилками.Будова листкової пластинки дорзовентральна, амфістоматична. Мезофіл з нестабільною диференціацією стовпчастої хлоренхіми. Товщина листової пластинки, що залежить від кількості шарів і розмірів клітин мезофілу, змінюється під дією різних екологічних чинників та умов вирощування.Епідермальний комплекс нижньої і верхньої сторін пластинки складають базисні клітини, оболонки яких тонкі, звивисті; продихи аномоцитного типу, криючі Т-подібні живі волоски та ефіроолійні залозки. Відмнною ознакою листків сорту Пектораль відносно сорту Belgo є наявність значної кількості великих секретуючих залозок з овальною дворядно-ярусною головкою.Основну площу черешка займає паренхіма, її субепідермальні шари коленхіматозні. Провідна система черешків представлена півмісячним центральним пучком і бічними. Центральний пучок колатеральний. Бічні пучечки колатеральні або центроксилемні.Висновки. Досліджено морфолого-анатомічну будову листків хризантеми садової багаторічної сортів Belgo і Пектораль, виявлено основні спільні і відмінні діагностичні ознаки.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗУМІННЯ СТУДЕНТАМИ-ПРОВІЗОРАМИ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ КЛІЩОВИМ ТРАНСМІСИВНИМ ПРИРОДНО-ОСЕРЕДКОВИМ ІНФЕКЦІЯМ
Authors: Paliukh О. А. , Hromovyk B. P. , Vynograd Н. О. , Bilushak G. I.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи. Дослідження рівня знань студентів-провізорів денної форми навчання щодо можливості надання фармацевтичної допомоги з питань запобігання зараженню збудниками небезпечних трансмісивних інфекційних захворювань, переносниками яких є іксодові кліщі (ІК).Матеріали і методи. Для збору первинних даних використовували очно-заочне опитування з використанням анкет відкритого типу. Отримано 443 анкети, з яких відібрано та опрацьовано 429 якісно заповнених анкет. Статистичний аналіз граничної похибки частки проводився з використанням табличного процесора Microsoft Office.Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що на думку більш як трьох четвертих студентів, ІК є, насамперед, переносниками збудників кліщового вірусного енцефаліту. Проте дещо менше однієї третьої опитаних зазначили у  відповідях, що ІК є збудниками корости, хоча це захворювання спричиняє кліщ  Sarcoptes scabiei. Близько трьох четвертих студентів вважали, що для запобігання укусам ІК доцільно одягатися у світлий однотонний з довгими рукавами щільно прилеглий до тіла одяг. Більшість анкетованих зазначила доречність проведення регулярних само- і взаємооглядів, а більш як одна п’ята – використання репелентів як хімічних засобів захисту. Проте застосування комплексних заходів захисту характерне лише для понад п’ятої частини опитаних. Дві п’яті студентів правильно вказали на доречність застосування вакцини проти кліщового вірусного енцефаліту Проте опитані усіх курсів неправильно обрали інші хвороби щодо вакцинації. Усі, без винятку, студенти  не ознайомленні з можливими місцями локалізації ІК. Понад двадцятої частини студентів, які стикалися з укусами ІК, видаляла їх просто пальцями рук, що категорично заборонено. Менш як дві третини студентів використовували комбінований спосіб видалення ІК. Результати вивчення навчального плану показали, що студенти-провізори упродовж всього освітнього процесу не вивчають питання запобігання зараженню збудниками небезпечних трансмісивних інфекційних захворювань, переносниками яких є ІК. Висновки. Шляхом анкетного опитування 429 студентів-провізорів першого–п’ятого курсів денної форми навчання встановлений недостатній рівень їх знань щодо надання фармацевтичної допомоги з питань запобігання зараженню небезпечними трансмісивними інфекційними захворюваннями, переносниками яких є ІК. Зважаючи на автономність закладів вищої освіти та відсутність курсу епідеміології при підготовці магістрів фармації, актуально внести зміни в навчальні плани університетів фармацевтичного спрямування,  зосередивши увагу на захворюваннях, збудниками яких є ІК, а також на засобах індивідуальної неспецифічної профілактики цих інфекцій, зокрема аптечного асортименту.
Resignação
Authors: Adorno Theodor Wiesengrund , Catalani Felipe
Published: June 2018

Tradução de Felipe Catalani
Para uma leitura (modernista) de Max Stirner
Authors: Ornelas Rodrigo
Published: June 2018

Destinado aos interessados no movimento jovem hegeliano e, em especial, no pensamento de Max Stirner, este texto sugere certo roteiro para leitura do autor, passando do panorama histórico-filosófico à apresentação crítica de três pontos de partida para Stirner, como: 1) anarquista, por Engels e teóricos do anarquismo; 2) idealista, por Marx/Engels na Ideologia Alemã, reforçado por autores influenciados doutrinariamente por ambos; e 3) modernista, por filósofos comentadores contemporâneos de Stirner (como Camus, Stepelevich, Penzo e, principalmente, José Crisóstomo de Souza). Defenderei, no entanto, o último, passando da exposição histórica de Stirner na filosofia pós-hegeliana à crítica das outras linhas interpretativas.
Postprandial Hyperchylomicronemia and Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma in Nonculprit Lesions
Authors: Kurihara Osamu , Okajima Fumitaka , Takano Masamichi , Kato Katsuhito , Munakata Ryo , Murakami Daisuke , Miyauchi Yasushi , Emoto Naoya , Sugihara Hitoshi , Seino Yoshihiko , Shimizu Wataru
Published: June 2018

Objective—

Although postprandial hypertriglyceridemia can be a risk factor for coronary artery disease, the extent of its significance remains unknown.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the postprandial lipid profiles rigorously estimated with the meal tolerance test and the presence of lipid-rich plaque, such as thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), in the nonculprit lesion.

Approach and Results—

A total of 30 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent a multivessel examination using optical coherence tomography during catheter intervention for the culprit lesion were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with TCFA (fibrous cap thickness ≤65 µm) in the nonculprit lesion and those without TCFA. Serum remnant-like particle-cholesterol and ApoB-48 (apolipoprotein B-48) levels were measured during the meal tolerance test. The value of remnant-like particle-cholesterol was significantly greater in the TCFA group than in the non-TCFA group (
P
=0.045). Although the baseline ApoB-48 level was similar, the increase in the ApoB-48 level was significantly higher in the TCFA group than in the non-TCFA group (
P
=0.028). In addition, the baseline apolipoprotein C-III levels was significantly greater in the TCFA group (
P
=0.003). These indexes were independent predictors of the presence of TCFA (ΔApoB-48: odds ratio, 1.608; 95% confidence interval, 1.040–2.486;
P
=0.032; apolipoprotein C-III: odds ratio, 2.581; 95% confidence interval, 1.177–5.661;
P
=0.018).

Conclusions—

Postprandial hyperchylomicronemia correlates with the presence of TCFA in the nonculprit lesion and may be a residual risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Intestinal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Contributes to Epithelial Sodium Channel–Mediated Intestinal Sodium Absorption and Blood Pressure Regulation
Authors: Nakamura Toshifumi , Kurihara Isao , Kobayashi Sakiko , Yokota Kenichi , Murai‐Takeda Ayano , Mitsuishi Yuko , Morisaki Mitsuha , Kohata Nao , Oshima Yosuke , Minami Yukiko , Shibata Hirotaka , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

Background

Mineralocorticoid receptor (
MR
) has pathological roles in various cell types, including renal tubule cells, myocytes, and smooth muscle cells; however, the role of
MR
in intestinal epithelial cells (
IECs
) has not been sufficiently evaluated. The intestine is the sensing organ of ingested sodium; accordingly, intestinal
MR
is expected to have essential roles in blood pressure (BP) regulation.

Methods and Results

We generated
IEC
‐specific
MR
knockout (
IEC
‐
MR
‐
KO
) mice. With a standard diet, fecal sodium excretion was 1.5‐fold higher in
IEC
‐
MR
‐
KO
mice, with markedly decreased colonic expression of β‐ and γ‐epithelial sodium channel, than in control mice. Urinary sodium excretion in
IEC
‐
MR
‐
KO
mice decreased by 30%, maintaining sodium balance; however, a low‐salt diet caused significant reductions in body weight and BP in
IEC
‐
MR
‐
KO
mice, and plasma aldosterone exhibited a compensatory increase. With a high‐salt diet, intestinal sodium absorption markedly increased to similar levels in both genotypes, without an elevation in BP. Deoxycorticosterone/salt treatment elevated BP and increased intestinal sodium absorption in both genotypes. Notably, the increase in BP was significantly smaller in
IEC
‐
MR
‐
KO
mice than in control mice. The addition of the
MR
antagonist spironolactone to deoxycorticosterone/salt treatment eliminated the differences in BP and intestinal sodium absorption between genotypes.

Conclusions

Intestinal
MR
regulates intestinal sodium absorption in the colon and contributes to BP regulation. These regulatory effects are associated with variation in epithelial sodium channel expression. These findings suggest that intestinal
MR
is a new target for studying the molecular mechanism of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Increased Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Activity and Cardiac Insulin Resistance Precede Mitochondrial and Contractile Dysfunction in Pressure‐Overloaded Hearts
Authors: Nguyen T. Dung , Schwarzer Michael , Schrepper Andrea , Amorim Paulo A. , Blum Daniel , Hain Claudia , Faerber Gloria , Haendeler Judith , Altschmied Joachim , Doenst Torsten
Published: June 2018

Background

Insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Defects at the level of mitochondria are also characteristic of heart failure. We assessed changes in cardiac insulin response and mitochondrial function in a model of pressure overload‐induced heart failure.

Methods and Results

Rats underwent aortic banding to induce pressure overload. At 10 weeks, rats showed cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion, but left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction were only evident after 20 weeks. This contractile impairment was accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction as shown by markedly reduced state 3 respiration of isolated mitochondria. Aortic banding did not affect systemic insulin response. However, insulin‐stimulated cardiac glucose uptake and glucose oxidation were significantly diminished at 10 and 20 weeks, which indicates cardiac insulin resistance starting before the onset of mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction. The impaired cardiac insulin action was related to a decrease in insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor β. Consistently, we found elevated activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (
PTP
1B) at 10 and 20 weeks, which may blunt insulin action by dephosphorylating insulin receptor β.
PTP
1B activity was also significantly increased in left ventricular samples of patients with systolic dysfunction undergoing aortic valve replacement because of aortic stenosis.

Conclusions

Pressure overload causes cardiac insulin resistance that precedes and accompanies mitochondrial and systolic dysfunction. Activation of
PTP
1B in the heart is associated with heart failure in both rats and humans and may account for cardiac insulin resistance.
PTP
1B may be a potential target to modulate insulin sensitivity and contractile function in the failing heart.
Association of Circulating Adipokines With Echocardiographic Measures of Cardiac Structure and Function in a Community‐Based Cohort
Authors: von Jeinsen Beatrice , Short Meghan I. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Carneiro Herman , Cheng Susan , Mitchell Gary F. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: June 2018

Background

Adipokines mediate cardiometabolic risk associated with obesity but their role in the pathogenesis of obesity‐associated heart failure remains uncertain. We investigated the associations between circulating adipokine concentrations and echocardiographic measures in a community‐based sample.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 3514 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 40 years, 53.8% women) who underwent routine echocardiography and had select circulating adipokines measured, ie, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acid–binding protein 4, retinol‐binding protein 4, fetuin‐A, and adiponectin. We used multivariable linear regression, adjusting for known correlates (including weight), to relate adipokine concentrations (independent variables) to the following echocardiographic measures (dependent variables): left ventricular mass index, left atrial diameter in end systole, fractional shortening, and E/e′. In multivariable‐adjusted analysis, left ventricular mass index was inversely related to circulating leptin and fatty acid–binding protein 4 concentrations but positively related to retinol‐binding protein 4 and leptin receptor levels (
P
≤0.002 for all). Left atrial end‐systolic dimension was inversely related to leptin but positively related to retinol‐binding protein 4 concentrations (
P
≤0.0001). E/e′ was inversely related to leptin receptor levels (
P
=0.0002). We observed effect modification by body weight for select associations (leptin receptor and fatty acid–binding protein 4 with left ventricular mass index, and leptin with left atrial diameter in end systole;
P
<0.05 for interactions). Fractional shortening was not associated with any of the adipokines. No echocardiographic trait was associated with fetuin‐A or adiponectin concentrations.

Conclusions

In our cross‐sectional study of a large, young to middle‐aged, relatively healthy community‐based sample, key indices of subclinical cardiac remodeling were associated with higher or lower circulating concentrations of prohypertrophic and antihypertrophic adipokines in a context‐specific manner. These observations may offer insights into the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy of obesity.
The Effect of an Introduction of Retail Sales Tax in China
Authors: Li Shiyu , Lin Shuanglin , Narayanan Suresh
Published: June 2018

This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium model of overlapping generations to study the effect of an introduction of a retail sales tax (RST) in China. Total government tax revenue is fixed, consumption-type value-added tax (VAT) is reduced in response to the introduction of RST, and an output tax exists. An introduction of RST accompanied by a decrease in VAT increases capital accumulation and welfare in the steady state. In the transition period, an introduction of RST accompanied by a decrease in VAT increases capital accumulation but decreases the current generation's welfare. Simulations based on the data from China show that introducing an 8 percent RST increases capital accumulation by 0.43 percent in the steady state.
Education Development and Wage Inequality in Urban China
Authors: Li Shi , Wu Shanshan , Xing Chunbing
Published: June 2018

Using a representative household survey for 1995, 2002, 2007, and 2013, we show that education plays a pivotal role in shaping wage inequality in urban China. We find that education was a major contributor to increased wage inequality between 1995 and 2013. The returns to education remained high after 2007 despite a large inflow of college-educated workers. Although regional wage inequality declined from 2007–13, regional wage inequality among educated workers did not. Residual wage inequality increased, and the within inequality of educated workers increased faster than that of the less educated. We argue that China's education expansion seems insufficient to narrow the educational wage gap, and a lack of labor mobility for educated workers prevents the decline in returns to education in specific regions.
The Impact of Severe Air Pollution in January 2013 in Beijing on Sustained Elevation of Public Environmental Concern
Authors: Schwabe Julian
Published: June 2018

Harmful and sudden events trigger intense media coverage which in turn can elevate public interest in a problem within an instant. A period of heavy air pollution in Beijing in January 2013 may have been such a case. This sudden and intense period of air pollution featured historically high levels of fine particulate concentrations and was assumed by observers to be a trigger for shifting public perception and increased pressure for policy adjustment. This study examines whether this period of severe air pollution indeed triggered increased public scrutiny, following which the influential factors behind this development are outlined. In this context, a focus is given to the interplay of air quality, media reporting and public discussion in shaping sustained public interest. Based on a timeline analysis and survey data, it is argued that the combination of historically high air pollution with intense media reporting did lead to higher public attention to the topic.
The Romanization of Qurʾānic Letters: An Argument for a Review in Light of ʿIlm al-Tağwīd and Modern Arabic Linguistics
Authors: Jimoh Shaykh Luqman
Published: June 2018

More than ten Romanization schemes have been developed for Qurʾānic letters over time, and any transliteration of the Qurʾān follows one of these schemes. Islamic writers also adopt one of them when transliterating parts of the Qurʾān. Efforts were made in the past to develop a uniform system, but these have proved unsuccessful. This study highlights the need to harmonize such schemes and reviews the present transliteration methods for various Qurʾānic letters. It employs a descriptive method and reviews related library sources. In so doing, it demonstrates that there are various problems associated with having different transliteration schemes for Qurʾānic letters, and hence there is a need for a uniform scheme. It also shows that the transliteration of certain Qurʾānic letters do not, arguably, following the rules of both ʿIlm al-tağwīd and Modern Arabic linguistics, and so also calls for a review of the transliteration of those Qurʾānic letters in light of ʿIlm al-tağwīd and Modern Arabic linguistics.
Innovation in Muslim Estates Distribution Planning According to the Quran and Sunnah
Authors: Daud Mohd Zaidi , Jamaluddin Mohd Hafiz , Mat Hussin Mohd Norhusairi
Published: June 2018

Estate planning is a process in which estates are being distributed during one’s lifetime to meet a testator’ intention. In this context, innovation is vital in selecting and applying appropriate instruments which are in accordance with the Islamic principles. In Malaysia, various conflicts of distribution of estates or wealth occur among the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, mainly due to the sole reliance onfaraid, delayed application of distribution of estates by the beneficiaries, bureaucratic challenges which lead to the lock down of Muslims’ estates and other related issues. The main objective of this article is to explore the concept of innovation in the planning of the distribution of estates according to the Quran and Sunnah. In achieving this objective, the content analysis methodology is applied by using primary and secondary data. The study has found that the innovation in estates planning needs to be applied regularly to resolve the problems and difficulties faced by Muslims in their estates distribution, due to the current limitations and restraints. The guidance of the innovation has been ordained in the Quran and Sunnah and they are to be explored by the Muslims themselves.
Al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā’s Responses to Theological Questions posed by Abū Yaʿlā Sallār [Sālār] b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Daylamī (d. 448/1057): A Critical Edition
Authors: Ansari Hassan , Schmidtke Sabine
Published: June 2018

Among the responsa collections by al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā that still remain to be edited are theJawābāt al-masāʾil al-Sallāriyya, which consist of responsa to eight questions most of which revolve around issues related to the subtleties ofkalām. On the basis of the two earliest witnesses of this text,MSBerlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Petermann II[Pm.] 169 andMSMashhad, Āstān-i quds 1448, an edition has been prepared.
A Zaydī Treatise on the Proof of Accidents: The Mukhtaṣar fī ithbāt al-aʿrāḍ by al-Ḥasan al-Raṣṣāṣ
Authors: Thiele Jan
Published: June 2018

This article provides a description and critical edition of al-Ḥasan al-Raṣṣāṣ’sMukhtaṣar fī ithbāt al-aʿrād. The work appears to be extracted from a larger treatise. It is concerned with the proof of the reality of “accidents”, a central concept in the ontology ofkalām.
New genus of the subfamily Oscinellinae from Brazil (Diptera: Chloropidae)
Authors: RICCARDI PAULA RAILE , BAZYAR ZEINAB , LAMAS CARLOS EINICKER
Published: June 2018

The genus Paracalamoncosis gen. nov. is described based on the species P. brasiliensis gen. nov. et sp. nov., including a brief discussion of the morphological similarities and differences with other genera in the tribe Liparaini.
Two new genera of predatory katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from the Amazon rainforest
Authors: MENDES DIEGO MATHEUS DE MELLO , DE OLIVEIRA JOMARA CAVALCANTE , CHAMORRO-RENGIFO JULIANA , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: June 2018

Meconematinae comprise small predatory katydids. There are currently seven genera and 58 species recorded for the Neotropical region. Two new genera of Phlugidini are described from the Amazon region, Arboraptor gen. nov., type species Arboraptor viridis sp. nov., and Tyrannoraptor gen. nov., type species Tyrannoraptor arboreus (Nickle, 2003) n. comb. A key to the Neotropical genera of Phlugidini is included and we provide a map showing the known distribution plus comments on their behavior observed during fieldwork.
Molecular evidence for conspecificity of two desert Liolaemus lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Authors: DE GAMBOA MARGARITA RUIZ , CORREA CLAUDIO , MARAMBIO-ALFARO YERY , RIVEROS-RIFFO EDVIN , ORTIZ JUAN CARLOS
Published: June 2018

Liolaemus audituvelatus (Núñez & Yáñez 1983) and L. manueli (Núñez, Navarro, Garín, Pincheira-Donoso & Meriggio 2003) are endemic species of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile that belong to the montanus group. Both species are considered cryptic from each other and can only be distinguished by their distribution ranges and karyotypes. Originally, there was a wide separation zone between their known distribution ranges, but later collections reduced the gap from 430 km to only 150 km. In this study, we review the geographic information about both species and report new localities within the distribution gap, where species identification becomes difficult. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis and applied several species delimitation methods to reassess the taxonomic status of both nominal species and new intermediate populations. Our analyses support the placement of L. manueli in the synonymy of L. audituvelatus. We discuss the biogeographic and conservation implications of this new synonymy.
Revision of the Australian bee fly genus Pilosia Hull, 1973 (Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae) from Western Australia
Authors: LI XUANKUN , YEATES DAVID K.
Published: June 2018

A restricted Western Australia bee fly genus Pilosia Hull (Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae) is reviewed with the description of two new species, Pilosia incana Bowden & Li sp. nov. and Pilosia flava Li & Yeates sp. nov., and the type species, Pilosia flavopilosa Hull, 1973 is identified as a new junior synonym of Pilosia immutatus (Walker, 1849). This genus can easily be distinguished from other Australian genera in the subfamily by having a three-segmented antennal flagellum, a closed cell cup and a haired mediotergite. A recent morphological phylogeny of Australian Bombyliinae suggested Pilosia is sister to all the remaining Bombyliinae genera (Li & Yeates, 2018). A key to all three known species of Pilosia is provided
Recent Progress in Light Sheet Microscopy for Biological Applications
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu , Pratiwi Feby Wijaya , Wu Frances Camille M. , Chen Peilin , Chen Bi-Chang
Published: June 2018

The introduction of light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has overcome the challenges in conventional optical microscopy. Among the recent breakthroughs in fluorescence microscopy, LSFM had been proven to provide a high three-dimensional spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, fast imaging acquisition rate, and minuscule levels of phototoxic and photodamage effects. The aforementioned auspicious properties are crucial in the biomedical and clinical research fields, covering a broad range of applications: from the super-resolution imaging of intracellular dynamics in a single cell to the high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of developmental dynamics in an entirely large organism. In this review, we provided a systematic outline of the historical development of LSFM, detailed discussion on the variants and improvements of LSFM, and delineation on the most recent technological advancements of LSFM and its potential applications in single molecule/particle detection, single-molecule super-resolution imaging, imaging intracellular dynamics of a single cell, multicellular imaging: cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, plant developmental biology, and brain imaging and developmental biology.
Changing the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Antisocial Behavior: The Impact of a School Engagement Program
Authors: Cardwell Stephanie M. , Mazerolle Lorraine , Bennett Sarah , Piquero Alex R.
Published: June 2018

This study examines the extent to which a third-party policing experiment designed to prevent truancy in disadvantaged adolescents is able to weaken the effect of impulsivity on self-reported antisocial behavior over time. Data are used from the Ability School Engagement Program (ASEP), a randomized controlled trial of 102 high truant youth from Brisbane, Australia who were followed for 2 years postrandomization. We find that ASEP weakened the effect of impulsivity on the diversity of self-reported antisocial behavior throughout the study for those in the experiment. This study provides evidence that an intervention that was designed to prevent truancy has the additional benefit of hindering the relationship between impulsivity and self-reported antisocial behavior variety.
Another Look at ἔννομος Χριστοῦ in 1 Corinthians 9:21
Authors: Cho Ho Hyung
Published: June 2018

This article reveals the meaning of ἔννομος Χριστοῦ in 1 Corinthians 9:21, the only place in the New Testament where the phrase occurs. This article investigates the phrase in the context in which it is placed. First, this article explores ὑπὸ νόμον in 9:20 as the explicit couplet of ἔννομος Χριστοῦ. These phrases refer to the era. Taking Christ as the inaugurator of the new era into consideration, ἔννομος Χριστοῦ relates to the new era. Second, this article inspects the four uses of ἀνόμος collocated with ἔννομος Χριστοῦ in 9:21. Differently from the first, second, and fourth use of ἀνόμος, the third before ἔννομος Χριστοῦ, means ‘lawless’. Third, the article examines the components of the phrase: the preposition ἐν in ἔννομος, which refers to ‘under the influence or the power’; νόμος, for which ‘principle’ was one of the meanings in the period contemporary to Paul; and Χριστός, the anointed one. In particular, the genitive Χριστοῦ grammatically means ‘created by Christ’ as a producer genitive. Taken together, the phrase refers to ‘the principle (of the new era) created by Christ’. Lastly, the article surveys what the principle created by Christ means in the letter, that is, keeping step with the Spirit.
Bureaucratic reputation in the eyes of citizens: an analysis of US federal agencies
Authors: Lee Danbee , Van Ryzin Gregg G.
Published: June 2018

Bureaucratic reputation has been defined as a set of beliefs about a public organization’s capacities, roles, and obligations that are embedded in a network of multiple audiences (Carpenter, 2010). Although one of the most important audiences in a democracy is the citizenry, very little empirical investigation has looked at citizens’ beliefs about specific government agencies and what individual or contextual factors influence these beliefs. To examine this question, this study analyzes data from a unique 2013 Pew Political Survey that represents the responses of 1500 US citizens on the reputations of 12 federal agencies. Results demonstrate that citizens view the reputations of some agencies (such as the CDC and NASA) much more favorably than other agencies (such as the IRS and the Department of Education). In regression analyses, findings suggest that the reputation of federal agencies varies according to citizens’ general level of trust in government and their political ideology, but that demographic, socioeconomic and regional differences also shape reputation judgments. These findings provide some preliminary empirical understanding of the reputation of government agencies in the eyes of the citizenry and may have implications for agencies seeking to manage their relationship with the public.

Points for practitioners

Bureaucratic reputation has important implications for public administrators because of its influence on a government agency’s autonomy, power, and legitimacy. Our study examines the reputations of 12 US federal government agencies and identifies individual and contextual determinants of citizens’ reputation ratings. We demonstrate that reputations differ between agencies and that certain factors – especially political ideology and trust in government – shape how the public views an agency’s reputation. These findings can help practitioners understand better how to strategically manage their agency’s reputation given an increasingly critical citizenry.
Inclusive Normative Climates Strengthen the Relationship Between Identification With Europe and Tolerant Immigration Attitudes: Evidence From 22 Countries
Authors: Visintin Emilio Paolo , Green Eva G. T. , Sarrasin Oriane
Published: June 2018

Europe as a supranational entity is frequently associated to inclusive and cosmopolitan values, which explains why identification with Europe generally relates to tolerant attitudes toward immigrants. However, because of major immigration movements, Europe has recently gone through demographic and social changes that have challenged its values and identity. In this context, we argue that, because national immigrant integration policies convey social norms about how citizens should deal with issues related to immigration, policies should also shape the association between identification with Europe and attitudes toward immigrants. Indeed, tolerant, more so than intolerant, policies in a country lay the foundations for interpreting identification with Europe as an inclusive stance, and consequently should enhance the association between identification with Europe and reduced anti-immigrant attitudes. To investigate these associations, we conducted a cross-country multilevel analysis including 22 European countries from the 2013 International Social Survey Programme. As predicted, identification with Europe was associated to reduced anti-immigrant prejudice. Furthermore, this negative association was stronger in countries with more tolerant, inclusive policies (assessed by the Migrant Integration Policy Index [MIPEX]) compared with countries with more intolerant, exclusive policies. Results are discussed in light of the content of European identity and of different embodiments of social norms.
In Search of a Pan-European Culture: European Values, Beliefs, and Models of Selfhood in Global Perspective
Authors: Vignoles Vivian L. , Smith Peter B. , Becker Maja , Easterbrook Matthew J.
Published: June 2018

What, if any, are the common cultural characteristics that distinguish European societies and groups when viewed against a backdrop of global cultural variation? We sought to identify any shared features of European cultures through secondary multilevel analyses of two large datasets that together provided measures of cultural values, beliefs, and models of selfhood from samples in all inhabited continents. Although heterogeneous in many respects—including the value dimension of autonomy versus embeddedness—European samples shared two distinctive features: a decontextualized representation of personhood and a cultural model of selfhood emphasizing difference from others. Compared with samples from other regions, European samples on average also emphasized egalitarianism and harmony values, commitment to others in their models of selfhood, and an immutable concept of personhood, but not uniformly so. We interpret these findings in relation to a Durkheimian model of individualism.
Europe’s Culture(s): Negotiating Cultural Meanings, Values, and Identities in the European Context
Authors: Gobel Matthias S. , Benet-Martinez Verónica , Mesquita Batja , Uskul Ayse K.
Published: June 2018

The intent of this Special Issue is to be a starting point for a broadly-defined European cultural psychology. Across seven research articles, the authors of this Special Issue explore what European culture(s) and European identity entail, how acculturation within the European cultural contexts takes place and under what conditions a multicultural Europe might be possible. The Special Issue also discusses what is currently missing from the research agenda. Therein, the findings of this Special Issue constitute an important starting point for future psychological research that accompanies Europe along its journey into the 21st century.
Drug Resistance and Gene Transfer Mechanisms in Respiratory/Oral Bacteria
Authors: Jiang S. , Zeng J. , Zhou X. , Li Y.
Published: June 2018

Growing evidence suggests the existence of new antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that quorum-quenching enzymes, such as MacQ, are involved in both antibiotic resistance and cell-cell communication. Furthermore, some small bacterial regulatory RNAs, classified into RNA attenuators and small RNAs, modulate the expression of resistance genes. For example, small RNA sprX, can shape bacterial resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics via specific downregulation of protein SpoVG. Moreover, some bacterial lipocalins capture antibiotics in the extracellular space, contributing to severe multidrug resistance. But this defense mechanism may be influenced by Agr-regulated toxins and liposoluble vitamins. Outer membrane porin proteins and efflux pumps can influence intracellular concentrations of antibiotics. Alterations in target enzymes or antibiotics prevent binding to targets, which act to confer high levels of resistance in respiratory/oral bacteria. As described recently, horizontal gene transfer, including conjugation, transduction and transformation, is common in respiratory/oral microflora. Many conjugative transposons and plasmids discovered to date encode antibiotic resistance proteins and can be transferred from donor bacteria to transient recipient bacteria. New classes of mobile genetic elements are also being identified. For example, nucleic acids that circulate in the bloodstream (circulating nucleic acids) can integrate into the host cell genome by up-regulation of DNA damage and repair pathways. With multidrug resistant bacteria on the rise, new drugs have been developed to combate bacterial antibiotic resistance, such as innate defense regulators, reactive oxygen species and microbial volatile compounds. This review summaries various aspects and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the respiratory/oral microbiota. A better understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate minimization of the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Do Death Certificates Underestimate the Burden of Rare Diseases? The Example of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mortality, Sweden, 2001-2013
Authors: Falasinnu Titilola , Rossides Marios , Chaichian Yashaar , Simard Julia F.
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

Mortality due to rare diseases, which are substantial sources of premature mortality, is underreported in mortality studies. The objective of this study was to determine the completeness of reporting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a cause of death.

Methods:

In 2017, we linked data on a Swedish population-based cohort (the Swedish Lupus Linkage, 2001-2013) comprising people with SLE (n = 8560) and their matched general population comparators (n = 37 717) to data from the Cause of Death Register. We reviewed death records of deceased people from the cohort (n = 5110) and extracted data on patient demographic characteristics and causes of death. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for not reporting SLE as a cause of death by using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.

Results:

Of 1802 deaths among SLE patients in the study, 1071 (59%) did not have SLE reported on their death records. Most SLE decedents were aged 75-84 at death (n = 584, 32%), female (n = 1462, 81%), and born in Nordic countries (n = 1730, 96%). Decedents aged ≥85 at death were more likely to have SLE not reported on their death records than were decedents aged <50 (OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.48-3.68). Having renal failure listed as a cause of death decreased the likelihood of SLE not being reported on the death record (OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40-0.73), whereas having cancer listed as a cause of death increased this likelihood (OR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.85-3.07).

Conclusions:

SLE was greatly underreported as a cause of mortality on death records of SLE patients, particularly in older decedents and those with cancer, thereby underestimating the true burden of this disease. Public health resources need to focus on improving the recording of rare diseases in order to enhance the epidemiological utility of mortality data.
Trajectory tracking for quadrotor UAV transporting cable-suspended payload in wind presence
Authors: Barikbin Baharnaz , Fakharian Ahmad
Published: June 2018

In this paper, trajectory tracking for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is considered in the presence of a cable-suspended payload and wind as unknown disturbances. It is assumed that the wind disturbance is slowly time varying and affects quadrotor position and orientation independently. Nonlinear robust strategies, such as backstepping and sliding mode control could be used for trajectory tracking; however, they fail to stabilize the system in the presence of payload or wind, or both together. We have proposed a combined backstepping and super-twisting integral sliding mode strategy to stabilize the system. Conventional sliding mode control suggests discontinuous control signals and suffers from the chattering phenomenon whereas its super-twisting integral version suggests continuous control signals, which makes it implementable and chattering free.
Reliability evaluation of a fault-tolerant three-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter
Authors: Rahimi Tohid , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Sabahi Mehran , Gharehpetian Gevork B , Abapour Mehdi
Published: June 2018

This paper focuses on the reliability improvement of a three-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter'. In this paper, a new reconfiguration and switching strategy is proposed. The basic principle of the proposed strategy is bypassing the faulty phase (faulty switch), thus, the other phases can share the responsibility of the faulty phase. Meanwhile, three redundant structures consisting of parallel, standby and series configurations of power switches are considered, which can improve the reliability of the converter. This paper uses Markov chain method to evaluate the reliability of the system. The feasibility of the proposed switching and fault management strategies are verified by simulation and experimental results.
Personality Consistency and Situational Influences on Behavior
Authors: Green Jennifer P. , Dalal Reeshad S. , Swigart Kristen L. , Bleiberg Melissa A. , Wallace David M. , Hargrove Amber K.
Published: June 2018

This article examines within-person consistency in personality expression across situations as an individual difference variable that is distinct from the typically studied personality trait level. The focus of the study is the manner in which personality consistency (a conceptualization of personality strength) influences the choice and interpretation of situations and, ultimately, the enactment of organizational citizenship behavior. We conducted an experience sampling study of 167 employees over 10 workdays. At each survey, participants reported their conscientiousness, agreeableness, situation perceptions, and organizational citizenship behavior. Results demonstrated that even after controlling for the linear and quadratic effects of personality trait level (and several other variables): (1) personality consistency increased within-person consistency in organizational citizenship behavior across situations and (2) this relationship was partially mediated by perceived consistency of situational strength and trait-relevant situational content. More broadly, the findings show that individual differences in personality are not restricted solely to the personality trait level. Rather, within-person consistency in personality expression across situations is itself an important individual difference: one that possesses appreciable behavioral consequences in the workplace and one that, consequently, is deserving of considerable future research.