bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Polymeric Microneedle Sensing Platform for Fentanyl Detection in Biofluid
Authors: Joshi Pratik , Riley Parand R. , Mishra Rupesh , Azizi Machekposhti Sina , Narayan Roger
Published: March 2022

Opioid drugs are extremely potent synthetic analytes, and their abuse is common around the world. Hence, a rapid and point-of-need device is necessary to assess the presence of this compound in body fluid so that a timely countermeasure can be provided to the exposed individuals. Herein, we present an attractive microneedle sensing platform for the detection of the opioid drug fentanyl in real serum samples using an electrochemical detection method. The device contained an array of pyramidal microneedle structures that were integrated with platinum (Pt) and silver (Ag) wires, each with a microcavity opening. The working sensor was modified by graphene ink and subsequently with 4 (3-Butyl-1-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonate) ionic liquid. The microneedle sensor showed direct oxidation of fentanyl in liquid samples with a detection limit of 27.8 μM by employing a highly sensitive square-wave voltammetry technique. The resulting microneedle-based sensing platform displayed an interference-free fentanyl detection in diluted serum without conceding its sensitivity, stability, and response time. The obtained results revealed that the microneedle sensor holds considerable promise for point-of-need fentanyl detection and opens additional opportunities for detecting substances of abuse in emergencies.
Adjuvant or Salvage Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer after Prostatectomy: Current Status, Controversies and Perspectives
Authors: Terlizzi Mario , Limkin Elaine Johanna , Moukasse Yasmina , Blanchard Pierre
Published: March 2022

Nearly one-third of the patients who undergo prostatectomy for prostate cancer have a biochemical recurrence (BCR) during follow-up. While several randomized trials have shown that adjuvant radiation therapy (aRT) improves biochemical control, this strategy has not been widely used because of the risk of toxicity and the fear of overtreating patients who would not have relapsed. In addition, the possibility of close PSA monitoring in the era of ultrasensitive assays enables to anticipate early salvage strategies (sRT). Three recent randomized trials and their meta-analysis have confirmed that aRT does not improve event-free survival compared to sRT, imposing the latter as the new standard of treatment. The addition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to RT has been shown to improve biochemical control and metastasis-free survival, but the precise definition of to whom it should be proposed is still a matter of debate. The development of genomic tests or the use of artificial intelligence will allow more individualized treatment in the future. Therapeutic intensification with the combination of new-generation hormone therapy and RT is under study. Finally, the growing importance of metabolic imaging (PET/CT) due to its performance especially for low PSA levels will help in further personalizing management strategies.
Molecular Subtypes as a Basis for Stratified Use of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer—A Narrative Review
Authors: Sjödahl Gottfrid , Abrahamsson Johan , Bernardo Carina , Eriksson Pontus , Höglund Mattias , Liedberg Fredrik
Published: March 2022

There are no established biomarkers to guide patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Recent studies suggest that molecular subtype classification holds promise for predicting chemotherapy response and/or survival benefit in this setting. Here, we summarize and discuss the scientific literature examining transcriptomic or panel-based molecular subtyping applied to neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated patient cohorts. We find that there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the basal subtype of muscle-invasive bladder cancer responds well to chemotherapy, since only a minority of studies support this conclusion. More evidence indicates that luminal-like subtypes may have the most improved outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There are also conflicting data concerning the association between biopsy stromal content and response. Subtypes indicative of high stromal infiltration responded well in some studies and poorly in others. Uncertainties when interpreting the current literature include a lack of reporting both response and survival outcomes and the inherent risk of bias in retrospective study designs. Taken together, available studies suggest a role for molecular subtyping in stratifying patients for receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The precise classification system that best captures such a predictive effect, and the exact subtypes for which other treatment options are more beneficial remains to be established, preferably in prospective studies.
Reconstructive Surgery versus Primary Closure following Vulvar Cancer Excision: A Wide Single-Center Experience
Authors: Muallem Mustafa Zelal , Sehouli Jalid , Miranda Andrea , Plett Helmut , Sayasneh Ahmad , Diab Yasser , Muallem Jumana , Hatoum Imad
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: plastic reconstruction in vulvar surgery can lead to a better treatment outcome than primary closure. This study aims to compare the preoperative parameters (co-morbidities and tumor size) and postoperative results (tumor free margins and wound healing) between the primary closure and reconstructive surgery after vulvar cancer surgery; (2) Methods: this is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 2009 to 2021 at a tertiary cancer institution; (3) Results: 177 patients were included in the final analysis (51 patients had primary closure PC and 126 had reconstructive surgery RS). About half (49%) of the PC patients had no co-morbidities (p = 0.043). The RS group had a 45 mm median maximal tumor diameter compared to the PC group’s 23 mm (p = 0.013). More than 90% of RS and 80% of PC had tumor-free margins (p = 0.1). Both groups had anterior vulvar excision as the most common surgery (52.4% RS vs. 23.5% PC; p = 0.001). Both groups had identical rates of wound healing disorders. In a median follow-up of 39 months; recurrent disease was found in 23.5% of PC vs. 10.3% in RS (p = 0.012). In terms of overall survival there was no significant difference between the both groups; (4) Conclusions: reconstructive vulvar surgery enables enhanced complete resection rates of larger vulvar tumors with better anatomical restoration and a comparable wound recovery in comparison to primary closure. This results in a lower recurrence rate despite the increased tumor volume.
Circular RNA as a Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Allegra Alessandro , Cicero Nicola , Tonacci Alessandro , Musolino Caterina , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: March 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of covalently closed RNAs involved in several physiological and pathological processes. They display tissue-specific expression and are constant, abundant, and highly conserved, making them perfect markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Several studies have proposed that circRNAs are also differentially produced in malignancies where they have oncogenic effects. Furthermore, circRNAs affecting microRNAs modify the expression profile of several transcription factors which play essential roles in tumors. CircRNAs within the hematopoietic compartment were identified as modulators of mechanisms able to enhance or suppress tumor progression in blood malignancies. Moreover, several circRNAs were suggested to confer resistance to the conventional drugs employed in hematopoietic cancers. In this review, we highlight the growing role and the controlling mechanisms by which circRNAs modify multiple myeloma genesis. We propose that circRNAs can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers, can induce chemoresistance, and might represent novel therapeutic targets for multiple myeloma.
Propensity Score-Matched Analysis to Identify Pathways Associated with Loss of Sodium Iodide Symporter in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lee Fang , Kuo Chi-Yu , Tsai Chung-Hsin , Cheng Shih-Ping
Published: March 2022

Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression in thyroid follicular cells plays an important role in normal physiology and radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer. Loss of NIS expression is often seen in thyroid cancers and may lead to radioiodine refractoriness. To explore novel mechanisms of NIS repression beyond oncogenic drivers, clinical and RNA-seq data from the thyroid cancer dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to control for various genetic background factors. We found that tumoral NIS expression was negatively correlated with tumor size. Additionally, low NIS expression was the only factor associated with recurrence-free survival in a Cox multivariate regression analysis. After matching for clinicopathologic profiles and driver mutations, the principal component analysis revealed distinct gene expressions between the high and low NIS groups. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested the downregulation of hedgehog signaling, immune networks, and cell adhesions. Positively enriched pathways included DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, MYC, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In summary, we identified several potential targets which could be exploited to rescue the loss of NIS expression and develop redifferentiation strategies to facilitate radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer.
Fatigue Loading Test on Screw-Retained Lithium Disilicate Crowns Adhesively Cemented on Titanium Abutment
Authors: Filtchev Dimitar , Stoeva Daniela , Trifković Branka , Jevremović Danimir , Iliev Georgi
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the mechanical behavior and the microleakage of crown abutments made of lithium disilicate (LDS), adhesively bonded to preconditioned titanium bonding base under dynamic loading considering the type of teeth incisors, premolars, and molars. Thirty-three monolithic LDS implant supra-structures, representing a copy of natural tooth morphology (central incisor, second premolar, or first molar) were fabricated and bonded to titanium bases, screw-retained on the implant, and subjected to dynamic loading of 250,000 loading cycles at 2 Hz. After mechanical cycling, specimens were immersed in 5% methylene blue solution for 24 h at 37 °C. Microleakage was evaluated under magnification. The presence or absence of the following parameters were also evaluated: abutment screw deformation, abutment deformation, crack or craze line on the ceramic structure, adhesive failure between titanium base and ceramic superstructure, failures in ceramic superstructure or titanium base, and remaining cement around titanium base and ceramic superstructure. Considering the type of teeth, there are eight defects in relation to the group of central incisors, whereas the group of first molars accounts for seven defects. The second premolar is the worst performer with eleven defects. Significant accumulation of dye was registered in all teeth groups, i.e., grade 2 (staining around hexagonal area of the connection), according to the applied scale. Failure of hybrid abutments could be related to the correct seal between the titanium base and the ceramic restorations. The type of teeth could also be related to the presence of failures.
Microstructure Representation Knowledge Graph to Explore the Twinning Formation
Authors: Xie Cheng , Pan Ziwen , Shu Chao
Published: March 2022

Deformation twinning is an important mechanism of the plastic deformation of materials. The density of twins also affects the properties of the material. At present, the research methods of deformation twinning mainly depend on in situ EBSD, numerically investigated analysis and the finite element method. The application of machine learning methods to material microstructure research can shorten the time taken for material analysis. Machine learning methods are faced with the problem of the effective representation of the microstructure. We present a deformation twinning research method based on the representation of grain morphology features in a knowledge graph. We construct an autoencoder to extract grain morphology characteristics for building a grain knowledge graph. Then, a graph convolutional network (GCN) and fully connected network are developed to extract grain knowledge graph features and predict the twin density of materials subjected to specific tensile deformation. We use Mg-2Zn-3Li alloy as an experimental example to predict the twin density on three indexes of average grain size, twin boundaries density and average grain surface. The R2 score of the prediction result on the twin boundaries density is up to 0.510, and the R2 score of the average grain size and average grain surface is over 0.750. Therefore, the proposed method for deformation twinning research is effective and feasible.
Chemical Composition and Crystal Structure of Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe), Ag6Cu4Fe2Sb4S12, from the Bajiazi Pb-Zn Deposit, Liaoning, China
Authors: Shu Zhengxiang , Shen Can , Lu Anhuai , Gu Xiangping
Published: March 2022

Kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) is observed as greenish-grey anhedral grains, 50–150 μm in size, in association with galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite in the Bajiazi Pb-Zn deposit of magmatic-hydrothermal type, Liaoning, China. The empirical formula from electron microprobe analyses is Ag5.50Cu4.17Fe1.75Zn0.31Sb3.96As0.04S12.08, corresponding to the ideal formula Ag6Cu4Fe2Sb4S12. The crystal structure of kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) has been determined and refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with R1 = 0.0192 for 1866 (404 unique) reflections. It is cubic, space group I4¯3m with unit cell parameters a = 10.4928(2) Å, V = 1155.26(7) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure of kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe) is characterized by a poor occupancy of 0.05 of the octahedral S(2) site with the S(2)-M(2) bonding length of 1.9994(8) Å. The six Ag atoms at M(2) around S(2) form an octahedron cluster (Ag6)4+ with the valence state of +4 and Ag-Ag distance of 2.8276(1) Å. The structure is identical to that by Rozhdestvenskaya et al., being composed of a collapsed sodalite-like framework of corner-connected M(1)S4 tetrahedron forming cages containing M(2)6-octahedron cluster, encircled by four SbS3 trigonal pyramids. It is related to the tetrahedrite group minerals with the existence of the (Ag6)4+ cluster replacing the S(2)-centered Ag6 octahedron according to the substitution mechanism 6M(2)Ag+ + S(2)S2−=M(2)(Ag6)4+ + S(2) S.
Comprehensive Treatment of Hematological Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Including Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Single-Center Experience Case Series
Authors: Boeckel Göran Ramin , Hölscher Silke Dorothea , Bürger Christin , Jacob Torid , Krekeler Carolin , Shumilov Evgenii , Reicherts Christian , Bleckmann Annalen , Lenz Georg , Vollenberg Richard , Tepasse Phil-Robin
Published: March 2022

Patients with hematologic malignancies are at high risk of exacerbated condition and higher mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Bamlanivimab, casirivimab/imdevimab combination, and sotrovimab are monoclonal antibodies (mABs) that can reduce the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization. Clinical effectiveness of bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab combination has been shown for the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), but the effectiveness of the latter treatment against the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has been suggested to be reduced. However, the tolerability and clinical usage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific mABs in patients with hematologic malignancies are less specified. We present a retrospective case series analysis of all SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with hematologic malignancies who received SARS-CoV-2-specific mABs at our facility between February and mid-December 2021. A total of 13 COVID-19 patients (pts) with at least one malignant hematologic diagnosis received SARS-CoV-2-specific mABs at our facility, with 3 pts receiving bamlanivimab and 10 pts receiving casirivimab/imdevimab combination. We observed SARS-CoV-2 clearance in five cases. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in the necessity for oxygen supplementation in five cases where the application was administered off-label. To the best of our knowledge, we present the largest collection of anecdotal cases of SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibody use in patients with hematological malignancies. Potential benefit of mABs may be reduced duration and/or clearance of persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Citizen Scientists Record Significant Range Extensions for Tropical Sea Slug Species in Subtropical Eastern Australia
Authors: Smith Stephen D. A. , Nimbs Matt J.
Published: March 2022

The Sea Slug Census program in Australia engages with citizen scientists to record the diversity and distribution of sea slugs across multiple locations. The program has consistently recorded shifts in distribution patterns but a recent, nine-day census in subtropical eastern Australia recorded unprecedented range extensions of tropical species. Seven species (six chromodorids and one polycerid) were found further south of their previously known distribution with Hypselodoris bertschi being recorded for the first time in Australia. These observations suggested the recent transport of larvae via the East Australian Current with recruitment to coastal sites possibly promoted by a protracted period of strong onshore winds associated with the 2021/22 La Niña in the western Pacific. With the increasing frequency of poleward range extensions of marine taxa, citizen science programs such as the Sea Slug Census provide the opportunity to substantially increase monitoring efforts. Linking with iNaturalist strengthens the value of the observations through online peer review to confirm species identities as well as the incorporation of substantiated (Research Grade) records into international biodiversity databases such as GBIF.
OxDNA to Study Species Interactions
Authors: Mambretti Francesco , Pedrani Nicolò , Casiraghi Luca , Paraboschi Elvezia Maria , Bellini Tommaso , Suweis Samir
Published: March 2022

Molecular ecology uses molecular genetic data to answer traditional ecological questions in biogeography and biodiversity, among others. Several ecological principles, such as the niche hypothesis and the competitive exclusions, are based on the fact that species compete for resources. More in generally, it is now recognized that species interactions play a crucial role in determining the coexistence and abundance of species. However, experimentally controllable platforms, which allow us to study and measure competitions among species, are rare and difficult to implement. In this work, we suggest exploiting a Molecular Dynamics coarse-grained model to study interactions among single strands of DNA, representing individuals of different species, which compete for binding to other oligomers considered as resources. In particular, the well-established knowledge of DNA–DNA interactions at the nanoscale allows us to test the hypothesis that the maximum consecutive overlap between pairs of oligomers measure the species’ competitive advantages. However, we suggest that a more complex structure also plays a role in the ability of the species to successfully bind to the target resource oligomer. We complement the simulations with experiments on populations of DNA strands which qualitatively confirm our hypotheses. These tools constitute a promising starting point for further developments concerning the study of controlled, DNA-based, artificial ecosystems.
Use of Sustainable Fuels in Aviation—A Review
Authors: Cabrera Eduardo , de Sousa João M. Melo
Published: March 2022

As the push for carbon-neutral transport continues, the aviation sector is facing increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Furthermore, commercial air traffic is expected to resume the continuous growth experienced until the pandemic, highlighting the need for reduced emissions. The use of alternative fuels plays a key role in achieving future emission goals, while also lowering the dependency on fossil fuels. The so-called sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), which encompass bio and synthetic fuels, are currently the most viable option, but hydrogen is also being considered as a long-term solution. The present paper reviews the production methods, logistical and technological barriers, and potential for future mass implementation of these alternative fuels. In general, biofuels currently present higher technological readiness levels than other alternatives. Sustainable mass production faces critical feedstock-related challenges that synthetic fuels, together with other solutions, can overcome. All conventional fuel replacements, though with different scopes, will be important in meeting long-term goals. Government support will play an important role in accelerating and facilitating the transition towards sustainable aviation.
Performance Comparison of Long Short-Term Memory and a Temporal Convolutional Network for State of Health Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery using Its Charging Characteristics
Authors: Bi Jikai , Lee Jae-Cheon , Liu Hao
Published: March 2022

The market for eco-friendly batteries is increasing owing to population growth, environmental pollution, and energy crises. The widespread application of lithium-ion batteries necessitates their state of health (SOH) estimation, which is a popular and difficult area of research. In general, the capacity of a battery is selected as a direct health factor to characterize the degradation state of the battery’s SOH. However, it is difficult to directly measure the actual capacity of a battery. Therefore, this study extracted three features from the current, voltage, and internal resistance of a lithium-ion battery during its charging–discharging process to estimate its SOH. A battery-accelerated aging test system was designed to obtain time series battery degradation data. A performance comparison of lithium-ion battery SOH fitting results was conducted for two different deep learning architectures, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and temporal convolution network (TCN), which are time series deep learning networks based on a recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN), respectively. The results showed that the proposed method has high prediction accuracy, while the performance of the TCN was 3% better than that of the LSTM regarding the average maximum relative error in SOH estimation of a lithium-ion battery.
Aerodynamic Performance and Wake Flow of Crosswind Kite Power Systems
Authors: Kheiri Mojtaba , Victor Samson , Rangriz Sina , Karakouzian Mher M. , Bourgault Frederic
Published: March 2022

This paper presents some results from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a multi-megawatt crosswind kite spinning on a circular path in a straight downwind configuration. The unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations closed by the k−ω SST turbulence model are solved in the three-dimensional space using ANSYS Fluent. The flow behaviour is examined at the rotation plane, and the overall (or global) induction factor is obtained by getting the weighted average of induction factors on multiple annuli over the swept area. The wake flow behaviour is also discussed in some details using velocity and pressure contour plots. In addition to the CFD model, an analytical model for calculating the average flow velocity and radii of the annular wake downstream of the kite is developed. The model is formulated based on the widely-used Jensen’s model which was developed for conventional wind turbines, and thus has a simple form. Expressions for the dimensionless wake flow velocity and wake radii are obtained by assuming self-similarity of flow velocity and linear wake expansion. Comparisons are made between numerical results from the analytical model and those from the CFD simulation. The level of agreement was found to be reasonably good. Such computational and analytical models are indispensable for kite farm layout design and optimization, where aerodynamic interactions between kites should be considered.
Solar Irradiance Forecasting to Short-Term PV Power: Accuracy Comparison of ANN and LSTM Models
Authors: Wentz Victor Hugo , Maciel Joylan Nunes , Gimenez Ledesma Jorge Javier , Ando Junior Oswaldo Hideo
Published: March 2022

The use of renewable energies, such as Photovoltaic (PV) solar power, is necessary to meet the growing energy consumption. PV solar power generation has intrinsic characteristics related to the climatic variables that cause intermittence during the generation process, promoting instabilities and insecurity in the electrical system. One of the solutions for this problem uses methods for the Prediction of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation (PSPPG). In this context, the aim of this study is to develop and compare the prediction accuracy of solar irradiance between Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Long-Term Short Memory (LSTM) network models, from a comprehensive analysis that simultaneously considers two distinct sets of exogenous meteorological input variables and three short-term prediction horizons (1, 15 and 60 min), in a controlled experimental environment. The results indicate that there is a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the prediction accuracy between the ANN and LSTM models, with better overall prediction accuracy skill for the LSTM models (MAPE = 19.5%), except for the 60 min prediction horizon. Furthermore, the accuracy difference between the ANN and LSTM models decreased as the prediction horizon increased, and no significant influence was observed on the accuracy of the prediction with both sets of evaluated meteorological input variables.
Determinants and Impact of Solar Irrigation Facility (SIF) Adoption: A Case Study in Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Sunny Faruque As , Fu Linlin , Rahman Md Sadique , Huang Zuhui
Published: March 2022

Insufficient rainfall in the dry season and scarcity of surface water has resulted in firms’ reliance on groundwater for agriculture in the northern part of Bangladesh. Most irrigation systems in the country are diesel or electric, which raises the cost and demand for energy and pollutes the environment. Utilizing the abundant sunshine and disseminating solar-based irrigation systems is expected to be a fittingly rewarding experience for irrigation purposes. Therefore, this study identifies the factors influencing the adoption of solar irrigation facilities (SIFs) and the impacts of their adoption on irrigation cost, return on investment (ROI), and production costs, using survey data collected from 405 rice farmers of Dinajpur district. The study employed three treatment effect estimators, namely inverse probability weighting (IPW), regression adjustment (RA), and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA), to address the potential selection bias issue. The results revealed that farming experience, knowledge, environmental awareness, soil fertility, and irrigation machinery ownership significantly influenced adoption decisions. The treatment effect model result indicated that farmers who adopted this method could minimize irrigation costs by 1.88 to 2.22%, obtain 4.48 to 8.16% higher ROI, and reduce total production cost by 0.06 to 0.98% compared to non-adopters. Our findings suggested that policy interventions targeting scaling up SIFs should consider focusing on government and stakeholders’ greater attention on designing more appropriate schemes through experimentation and multiple iterations.
Bioethanol Production Optimization from KOH-Pretreated Bombax ceiba Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ghazanfar Misbah , Irfan Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Shakir Hafiz , Khan Muhammad , Ahmad Irfan , Saeed Shagufta , Chen Yue , Chen Lijing
Published: March 2022

The present study was based on the production of bioethanol from alkali-pretreated seed pods of Bombax ceiba. Pretreatment is necessary to properly utilize seed pods for bioethanol production via fermentation. This process assures the accessibility of cellulase to the cellulose found in seedpods by removing lignin. Untreated, KOH-pretreated, and KOH-steam-pretreated substrates were characterized for morphological, thermal, and chemical changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Hydrolysis of biomass was performed using both commercial and indigenous cellulase. Two different fermentation approaches were used, i.e., separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Findings of the study show that the maximum saccharification (58.6% after 24 h) and highest ethanol titer (57.34 g/L after 96 h) were observed in the KOH-steam-treated substrate in SSF. This SSF using the KOH-steam-treated substrate was further optimized for physical and nutritional parameters by one factor at a time (OFAT) and central composite design (CCD). The optimum fermentation parameters for maximum ethanol production (72.0 g/L) were 0.25 g/L yeast extract, 0.1 g/L K2HPO4, 0.25 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.09 g/L MgSO4, 8% substrate, 40 IU/g commercial cellulase, 1% Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum, and pH 5.
Tough, Self-Recoverable, Spiropyran (SP3) Bearing Polymer Beads Incorporated PAM Hydrogels with Sole Mechanochromic Behavior
Authors: Xu Jianxiong , Luo Yuecong , Chen Yin , Guo Ziyu , Zhang Yutong , Xie Shaowen , Li Na , Xu Lijian
Published: March 2022

Spiropyran-containing hydrogels that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, light, and stress have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, most of them are generally dual or multiple stimuli-responsive to external stimuli, and the interplay of different stimulus responses is harmful to their sensitivity. Herein, spiropyran bearing polymer beads incorporated PAM (poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3)) hydrogels with sole mechanochromic properties were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of spiropyran dimethacrylate mechanophore (DMSP3) crosslinker. Due to the hydrophobic nature of MA and DMSP3, the resultant hydrogel afforded a rosary structure with DMSP3 bearing polymer beads incorporated in the PAM network. It is found that the chemical component (e.g., AM, MA, and DMSP3 concentrations) significantly affect the mechanical and mechanoresponsive properties of the as-obtained poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3) hydrogel. Under optimal conditions, poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3) hydrogel displayed high mechanical properties (tensile stress of 1.91 MPa, a tensile strain of 815%, an elastic modulus of 0.67 MPa, and tearing energy of 3920 J/m2), and a good self-recovery feature. Owing to the mechanoresponsive of SP3, the hydrogels exhibited reversible color changes under force-induced deformation and relaxed recovery states. More impressive, the poly(AM–co–MA/DMSP3) hydrogel showed a linear correlation between tensile strain and chromaticity (x, y) as well as a stain and resting time-dependent color recovery rate. This kind of hydrogel is believed to have great potential in the application of outdoor strain sensors.
Pangenomics in Microbial and Crop Research: Progress, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Aggarwal Sumit Kumar , Singh Alla , Choudhary Mukesh , Kumar Aundy , Rakshit Sujay , Kumar Pardeep , Bohra Abhishek , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: March 2022

Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools have fueled a renewed interest in whole genome sequencing efforts in many organisms. The growing availability of multiple genome sequences has advanced our understanding of the within-species diversity, in the form of a pangenome. Pangenomics has opened new avenues for future research such as allowing dissection of complex molecular mechanisms and increased confidence in genome mapping. To comprehensively capture the genetic diversity for improving plant performance, the pangenome concept is further extended from species to genus level by the inclusion of wild species, constituting a super-pangenome. Characterization of pangenome has implications for both basic and applied research. The concept of pangenome has transformed the way biological questions are addressed. From understanding evolution and adaptation to elucidating host–pathogen interactions, finding novel genes or breeding targets to aid crop improvement to design effective vaccines for human prophylaxis, the increasing availability of the pangenome has revolutionized several aspects of biological research. The future availability of high-resolution pangenomes based on reference-level near-complete genome assemblies would greatly improve our ability to address complex biological problems.
Effective Transfer of Science to Operations in Hydrometeorology Considering Uncertainty
Authors: Georgakakos Konstantine P.
Published: March 2022

The ability to effectively transfer results of research in hydrometeorology to operational field applications is met with several challenges. This article exemplifies cooperative implementation that explicitly considers the flow of uncertainty from data and models to products and predictions as a means to successfully meet these challenges.
Pulmonary Kaposi Sarcoma without Respiratory Symptoms and Skin Lesions in an HIV-Naïve Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Micali Cristina , Russotto Ylenia , Facciolà Alessio , Marino Andrea , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Pistarà Eugenia , Caci Grazia , Nunnari Giuseppe , Pellicanò Giovanni Francesco , Venanzi Rullo Emmanuele
Published: March 2022

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal lympho-angioproliferative, mesenchymal low-grade tumor associated with a γ2-herpesvirus, named Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus or human herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8). The lung is considered a usual anatomical location of KS, despite being infrequent, often in association with extensive mucocutaneous lesions and very uncommonly as an isolated event. We report a case of a pulmonary KS (pKS) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) naïve patient, which was atypical due to a lack of cutaneous involvement and an absence of respiratory symptoms. The pKS was initially identified as a tumoral suspected nodular lesion and only after immunohistochemical analysis was it characterized as KS. Furthermore, the diagnosis of pKS led to the discovery of the HIV-seropositive status of the patient, previously unknown. Our report underlines the importance of considering pKS even without skin lesions and as a first manifestation of HIV infection. We also reviewed literature on the current knowledge about pKS in people living with HIV (PLWH) to underline how one of the most common HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated tumors can have a challenging localization and be difficult to recognize.
Physiological and Somatic Principal Components Determining VO2max in the Annual Training Cycle of Endurance Athletes
Authors: Grzebisz-Zatońska Natalia , Poprzęcki Stanisław , Stanula Arkadiusz , Sadowska-Krępa Ewa , Gerasimuk Dagmara
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of training on the physiological variables achieved during the test effort in the macrocycle of road cyclists and their use in the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) prediction at individual training stages in the VO2max test. Nine well-trained male cyclists (age 25.6 ± 5.2 years and body weight 72.4 ± 7.35 kg) participated in the study and each phase of the macrocycle was followed by a time to exhaustion test (TTE) on the bicycle ergometer. The research showed that training loads significantly influence the maximum power (PPO), ventilation (VE) in the preparatory period (T1), time of the test (TTmax) at the start of the competition period (T2), percentage of body fat in total body weight (%FAT) and skeletal muscle mass (MMS) during the competition period (T3). Of the 16 variables taken for the analysis of the principal components (PC), the regression model determined one principal variable responsible for VO2max in the training macrocycle of cyclists, the relative value of maximum power (PPORV) and the accompanying variables in individual periods: breathing frequency (BF), delta blood lactate concentration (ΔLA), body fat (FAT) and MMS. Determining PC influencing the exercise capacity can be crucial in achieving the intended goals by athletes. Monitoring these indicators can help protect the health of professional athletes and provide guidelines in the training process, stimulate the body properly while protecting against overtraining.
Towards a Better Understanding of the Sense of Safety and Security of Community-Dwelling Older Adults. The Case of the Age-Friendly City of The Hague
Authors: van Hoof Joost , Dikken Jeroen , van Staalduinen Willeke H. , van der Pas Suzan , van den Hoven Rudy F. M. , Hulsebosch-Janssen Loes M. T.
Published: March 2022

The sense of safety and security of older people is a widely acknowledged action domain for policy and practice in age-friendly cities. Despite an extensive body of knowledge on the matter, the theory is fragmented, and a classification is lacking. Therefore, this study investigated how older people experience the sense of safety and security in an age-friendly city. A total of four focus group sessions were organised in The Hague comprising 38 older people. Based on the outcomes of the sessions, the sense of safety and security was classified into two main domains: a sense of safety and security impacted by intentional acts and negligence (for instance, burglary and violence), and a sense of safety and security impacted by non-intentional acts (for instance, incidents, making mistakes online). Both domains manifest into three separate contexts, namely the home environment, the outdoor environment and traffic and the digital environment. In the discussions with older people on these derived domains, ideas for potential improvements and priorities were also explored, which included access to information on what older people can do themselves to improve their sense of safety and security, the enforcement of rules, and continuous efforts to develop digital skills to improve safety online.
Comparison of Physical Fitness Profiles Obtained before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Independent Large Samples of Children and Adolescents: DAFIS Project
Authors: Rúa-Alonso María , Rial-Vázquez Jessica , Nine Iván , Lete-Lasa Jose Ramón , Clavel Iván , Giráldez-García Manuel A. , Rodríguez-Corral Miguel , Dopico-Calvo Xurxo , Iglesias-Soler Eliseo
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions might have negatively affected the health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to contrast the body composition and physical fitness data of two independent samples of children and adolescents obtained from an online database (DAFIS project) before (n = 15,287) and during (n = 2101) the first academic year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed higher values for the body mass index (p = 0.002), waist circumference (p < 0.001), and waist to hip and waist to height ratios (p < 0.001) during than before the pandemic, particularly in the case of boys. On the other hand, lower muscular fitness was observed for girls during the pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative analysis did not detect relevant changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in children or adolescents (p > 0.05). Our data suggested that pandemic constraints might have affected body composition and muscular fitness of children and adolescents. These results might be of interest for designing specific interventions oriented toward counteracting the negative effects of pandemic restrictions on health-related physical fitness.
Comparison of LEBA and RULA Based on Postural Load Criteria and Epidemiological Data on Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Kee Dohyung
Published: March 2022

Various observational methods have been developed and applied in industrial settings with the aim of preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to compare the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), a representative observational method, and the Loading on the Entire Body Assessment (LEBA), a newly developed tool for assessing postural loads and their association with MSDs. The two methods were compared in various categories, including general characteristics, risk levels, postural load criteria, association with MSDs, influencing factors, and inter- and intra-rater reliabilities based on relevant previous studies. The results showed that compared to the RULA, the LEBA was better at evaluating various factors affecting postural loads and assessing musculoskeletal loadings, was better correlated with various postural load criteria, could predict the association with MSDs more accurately, and had higher inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. Based on these comparisons, it seems that the LEBA may be better than the RULA for estimating postural stress and predicting the association with MSDs.
Erasmus+ Program and Nursing Students’ Sense of Coherence, Well-Being, and School Success
Authors: Matić Ivica , Kurtović Biljana , Friganović Adriano , Rotim Cecilija
Published: March 2022

Background: An international exchange program is an increasing phenomenon across Europe. Any opportunity for students to work or study abroad whilst undertaking their degree program could have a positive impact on their well-being, professional development, and general competences. Methods: The study was conducted on a cohort of 99 nursing students from the School of Nursing, who were followed before and after a one-month Erasmus+ mobility period. Quantitative data were collected using a sense of coherence, subjective well-being, and sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using open-ended questions and interviewing the focus group. Results: Student mobility did not significantly alter their sense of coherence or subjective well-being. A significant positive correlation before and after mobility occurred between the sense of coherence, subjective well-being, and school success. According to the qualitative analysis, the students’ experiences were overall positive and stimulating, with many of them noticing better working conditions abroad. Conclusion: Although the international mobility of nursing students does not affect their sense of coherence and subjective well-being, it does contribute to changes in certain attitudes related to the profession and living conditions abroad. These findings may prove helpful in planning future mobilities during more favorable periods when school obligations are fewer.
Electroencephalography (EEG)-Based Neural Emotional Response to Flower Arrangements (FAs) on Normal Elderly (NE) and Cognitively Impaired Elderly (CIE)
Authors: Du Juan , Yin Jiali , Chen Xiaomei , Hassan Ahmad , Fu Erkang , Li Xi
Published: March 2022

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the differences and similarities of EEG -based neural emotional response toward flower arrangements (FAs) between the normal elderly (NE) and cognitively impaired elderly (CIE) in arranging flowers. Methods: The study participants included 16 elderly individuals: eight elderly people with normal cognitive function and eight elderly people with cognitive dysfunction. They were divided into two groups to arrange flowers, and six mood indicators (Engagement, Excitation, Focus, Interest, Relaxation and Stress) were measured with EEG before and after the experiment. Results: The similarities were that there was no significant difference in Excitement, Relaxation and Stress between pre-test and post-test for NE and CIE. The differences were that there was a significant difference on Engagement and Interest in CIE, and they both increased, but there was no difference with respect to them in NE. While there was a significant difference on the Focus of NE, it was decreased, but there was no difference for it with respect to CIE. Conclusions: A similarity on EEG-Based Neural Emotional Responses to flower arrangements between NE and CIE was that they both felt relaxation. The differences were that the Focus of NE decreased and the Interest and Engagement of CIE increased. CIEs were more interested and engaged in FAs.
Association of KMT2C Genetic Variants with the Clinicopathologic Development of Oral Cancer
Authors: Shieu Mu-Kuei , Ho Hsin-Yu , Lin Shu-Hui , Lo Yu-Sheng , Lin Chia-Chieh , Chuang Yi-Ching , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Chen Mu-Kuan
Published: March 2022

Lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) is a tumor-suppressor gene in several myeloid cells and epithelia and is linked with blood and solid tumor cancers. KMT2C single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also connected with several cancer types. Our study aimed to explore the potential genetic polymorphisms of KMT2C in oral cancer. Five KMT2C SNPs, including rs201834857, rs4725443, rs6464221, rs74483926, and rs6943984, were evaluated in 284 cancer-free controls and 284 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases. We found that individuals with the TC genotype or TC + CC genotype of rs4725443 had a higher risk of oral cancer incidence than those with the TT genotype. Further analysis of KMT2C SNP rs4725443 revealed that the TC + CC genotype of rs4725443 was associated with a significantly advanced tumor stage in the non-alcohol-drinking population. Moreover, the TC + CC genotype of rs4725443 was connected with poor cell differentiation in the alcohol-drinking population. Through analyzing a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that reduced KMT2C levels were associated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node invasion, and poor cell differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Our data suggest that KMT2C SNP rs4725443 is a potential genetic marker for oral cancer patients in both non-alcohol-drinking and alcohol-drinking populations.
Various Aspects Involved in the Study of Tooth Bleaching Procedure: A Questionnaire–Based Study
Authors: Mazilu Moldovan Amalia , Popescu Violeta , Ionescu Corina Violeta , Cuc Stanca , Craciun Antarinia , Moldovan Marioara , Dudea Diana , Mesaros Anca Stefania
Published: March 2022

A beautiful smile is an important feature when it comes to a pleasant appearance of the face, and one of the most common situations that drive patients to book a dental appointment is tooth discoloration. Tooth bleaching is the treatment of choice for extrinsic tooth discoloration, as it is a cheap, fast, and minimally invasive procedure. This study aimed to provide comparative information on the perceptions of both patients and dentists regarding different whitening methods and on the factors involved in people’s willingness to recommend and use a bleaching procedure. In addition to this, this study evaluated the degree of satisfaction in relation to the bleaching methods and materials used; it also evaluated the following: negative side effects, economic characteristics and the patients’ perceptions of the aesthetic appearance of their dental arches, especially tooth color. The subjects that participated in the present study were selected based on their background and were then divided into two categories. The first group consisted of 120 patients who had received tooth-bleaching treatments in dental clinics during the study and the second group consisted of 127 dentists. A conventional sampling method was used. The study aimed to define a relationship between multiple aspects of the tooth-bleaching procedure, including the patients’ desires and their general knowledge of this procedure. Tooth color and the way it changes is a very important factor that motivates patients to come to the dentist for whitening procedures. Patients showed the highest levels of satisfaction with the results of in-office bleaching procedures. In the group consisting of dentists, satisfaction levels were higher for the procedure of home bleaching supervised by a dentist. Factors influencing the choice of bleaching materials are appreciated differently by dentists and patients. Furthermore, the rate of patients using OTC (over the counter) products was found to be high. Further research is needed to find more effective and safer alternatives to home tooth-bleaching procedures.