bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF MYCELIA AND BROTH FILTRATE EXTRACTS OF ASPERGILLUS SPP
Authors: EBRAHIMZADEH M. A. , RAHBAR G. , TAJICK GHANBARY M. A. , SOLTANY REZAEE RAD M.
Published: July 2021

The antioxidant activities of mycelia and broth filtrate ethyl acetate extracts produced from the cultures of 12 Aspergillus spp. were investigated. Extracts showed a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH radicals. Broth filtrate extracts showed higher activity than mycelia filtrate extracts. A. fumigatus showed the best activity (with 92.5% inhibition at the concentration of 0.8 mg ml-1). The extracts exhibited potent nitric oxide-scavenging activity. Broth filtrate extract of A. fumigatus showed the best activity (with 79.6 % inhibition at 1.6 mg ml-1) followed by the A. ostianus and A. terreus. Reducing powers of extracts also increased with the increases in their concentrations. Two broth filtrate extracts, A. terreus and A. fumigatus, have shown potent reducing power. In chelating ability, mycelia filtrate extracts showed higher activity. A. flavus showed the best activity (with 49.1% inhibition at 1.6 mg ml-1). The present study demonstrates the potential of soil fungi to have antioxidant activity similar to plants and represent them as new sources of natural antioxidants.
REMOVAL OF ACID RED 1 DYE POLLUTANT FROM CONTAMINATED WATERS BY ELECTROCOAGULATION METHOD USING A RECIRCULATING TUBULAR REACTOR
Authors: KHOSHBIN S. , SEYYEDI K.
Published: July 2021

Different types of the dye are considered as the major environmental pollutants, and even their very low concentration can affect the transparency and aesthetic quality of the surface waters. Acid Red 1 (AR1) is one of the synthetic azo dyes extensively used in textile industries. The present study aims to examine the efficiency of electrocoagulation method on the removal of AR1 from contaminated waters in a recirculating tubular reactor using iron electrodes. Numerous parameters such as current density, pH, electrolyte concentration, flow rate, and the concentration of dye pollutants were studied. The obtained spectrophotometric results indicated that with an increase in current density and electrolyte concentration, the percentage of dye removal increases, but with an increase in dye concentration, pH, and the flow rate of solution into the reactor, the rate of pollutant removal decreases. For 2 litters of the solution containing 30 mg/L AR1 with a current density of 0.011 A/cm2, pH of 6.8, electrolysis time of 20 minutes, flow rate of 45.45 ml/s, and electrolyte concentration of 0.08 g/L, dye removal percentage of about 95% was obtained by electrocoagulation in a recirculating tubular reactor.
ROBUST DATA RECONCILIATION IN A CHEMICAL REACTOR THROUGH SIMULATED ANNEALING OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Da CUNHA A. S. , SANTOS L. S. , PEIXOTO F. C. , PRATA D. M.
Published: July 2021

Robust data reconciliation (RDR) is an effective technique designed to minimize/annul gross errors drawbacks over estimated process variables. In the present work, a brief review on heuristic optimization methods devoted to RDR in chemical processes is performed. Twelve robust estimators were evaluated, including Smith and Bell estimators, which were never before used within this context. The performance of these estimators was evaluated in a Van de Vusse reaction system, described by a nonlinear system of equations. The problem was solved by both the simulated annealing method and the IPOPT framework. The results showed the efficiency and consistency of both schemes and, despite the relevance of gross errors, the redescending estimators exhibited better global performance.
Pengaruh Kompres Hangat terhadap Suhu Tubuh Anak dengan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Syara Arfah May , Syatriawati Syatriawati , Pitriani Pitriani , Sitohang Grace Erlyn
Published: July 2021

Background: Based on the results of initial observations or observations made by researchers in the Kenanga Room of RSUD Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam, it was found that the number of DHF sufferers in children from January to December was found to be 174 people aged <1 year to 14 years. And from January to March, it was found that there were 67 people aged 1-11 months to 14 years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm compresses on body temperature in children aged 5-12 years with dengue fever in the Kenanga room at Deli Serdang Hospital, Lubuk Pakam.Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design with a times series design. Research time is planned in June. The sampling technique was carried out by accidental sampling. The number of samples obtained is 8 people.Results: After doing the research, it was found that the average pretest measurement was 38.7°C while the posttest was 37.1°C. With a significant p value of 0.03 which is lower than a significant value of 0.05, which means that Ho is rejected, it means that there is an effect of warm compresses on decreasing body temperature in children aged 5-12 years with dengue fever in the memory room of the Deli Serdang Regional General Hospital. Lubuk Pakam.Conclusion: Based on the results above, it is recommended that the room nurse take warm compresses to help reduce the body temperature of children with DHF during treatment in the hospital.
Проблема кібершахрайства та фактори стримування її вирішення органами публічного управління
Authors: Є.В. Котух
Published: July 2021

У статті виокремлено низку проблем у сфері кібербезпеки в цілому, а також
кібершахрайства зокрема, розглянуто конкретні дії країн-членів НАТО для підвищення рівня своєї кібербезпеки. Встановлено, що багато держав зі слабким кіберзахистом розважливо не дбають про вирішення цієї проблеми і тим самим створюють
суспільну шкоду. Утім, існує група держав та міжнародних організацій, готових і
здатних надати допомогу в забезпеченні кібербезпеки. Визначено низку перешкод, через які уповільнюється вирішення проблеми кібершахрайства. Доведено, що поки не
визначено питання, чи можна класифікувати деякі види кібератак як еквіваленти
збройних нападів у звичайній війні, ініціативи щодо зміцнення довіри в кіберпросторі,
які вимагають наявності надійних режимів моніторингу, будуть марними.
Досвід публічного управління зарубіжних країн у сфері використання природних ресурсів
Authors: О.С. Сємілєтов
Published: July 2021

У статті розглядаються публічно-управлінські підходи до забезпечення раціонального використання природних ресурсів з позиції аналізу зарубіжної практики управління в цій сфері. Досліджено Індекс екологічної ефективності у світі. Визначено засоби впливу на неї та характерні ознаки чинного законодавства у сфері природоохоронної діяльності за кордоном, а також напрямки його врахування в Україні.
Особливості діяльності представницьких органів кримськотатарського народу як суб'єктів державної етнополітики
Authors: Д.Г Ткачук
Published: July 2021

Метою дослідження статті є представлення особливостей діяльності
представницьких органів кримськотатарського народу як суб’єктів державної
етнополітики від перших років незалежної України до подій, пов’язаних з
анексією Криму Російською Федерацією у 2014 році. Такий проміжок часу
дозволить представити політичний аналіз особливостей діяльності
представницьких органів кримських татар у соціальному, політичному та
економічному плані в різних формах взаємодії у сфері державної етнополітики
в Україні.
Теоретичні засади оцінювання кадрової політики служби цивільного захисту
Authors: О.Б. Іноземцева
Published: July 2021

У статті узагальнено теоретичні засади оцінювання кадрової політики
служби цивільного захисту. Досліджено нормативно-правову базу, функції ДСНС
в галузі кадрової політики служби цивільного захисту. Виявлено певні проблеми
кадрової політики системи ДСНС та запропоновано шляхи їх вирішення.
Механізми оцінки ризиків виникнення пожеж
Authors: О.М. Соболь , О.І. Ляшевська , С.Я. Бордюженко
Published: July 2021

Стаття присвячується дослідженню механізму оцінки ризиків виникнення
пожеж та інших небезпечних подій. Проаналізовано складові механізму оцінки
ризиків. Зазначено, що одним із основних елементів, що характеризує стан пожежної безпеки об'єкта господарювання, є ризик виникнення пожежі.
Analysis of Vertical Market Integration for Rice Commodities between Serdang Bedagai Regency and Medan City
Authors: Sitompul Nurhidayati Ma’rifah , . Salmiah , Ayu Sri Fajar
Published: July 2021

Rice is the main commodity food for Indonesian people. The majority of Indonesian people consume it on daily basis. Due to this reason, Rice has a strategic value not only to live the life of society but also to be used as a parameter of the country's economic and social stability. If the scarcity or unmet need for rice happens, it will have an impact on inflation and social turmoil. The purpose of this study was to analyze and analyze the integration of the rice market in the short and long term between the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city. The data used in this study is secondary data using monthly time series data from January 2014 to December 2018. Timmer's Index of Market Connection Coefficient Analysis Method is used as the analytical method to measure the short-term and long-term market integration. This index was developed by Timmer (1987). The results showed that the market integration level of wholesale rice prices in the short term between the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city was low with an IMC value of 1.985> 1. There is long-term integration between the markets of the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city wholesalers with a coefficient value of b2 of 0.713> 0. The level of market integration in the short term between the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city retail rice price is low with an IMC value of 2.243> 1. There is long-term integration between the market of the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city retail with a coefficient of b2 of 0.463> 0.

Keywords: Market Integration, Rice, Index of Market Connection.
Academic Resilience among Students: A Review of Literature
Authors: Kalaivani D.
Published: July 2021

Academic resilience is the student’s capability to deal efficiently with academic setbacks, anxiety and study pressure. In the present scenario, students are facing a lot of problems in schools as well as in society. If adequate steps are not taken to help overcome these problems, it will create pressure and stress among students. This may lead to poor academic performance and an increased dropout rate. According to Masten (2001), resilient people have the ability to tackle, overcome, or recover from grave academic threats. So, schools, colleges and universities play a major role in developing academic resilience among students. The aim of this paper is to gather and present the review of literature on academic resilience among students at national and international level. This study gives an overview of the importance of creating Academic Resilience among students and how far it supports increasing their academic achievement. In the present study 30 literatures were collected from various online and printed resources.

Keywords: Academic Resilience, Academic achievement, Students.
Comparison of Back-Leg Muscle Strength in Physically Active and Inactive Administrative Job Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rambhia Tirth , Bhagra Shwetanjali
Published: July 2021

This study has been undertaken to assess the back-leg muscle strength in administrative job workers and then compare the readings/values of physically active population with physically inactive population of administrative staff, in Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Memorial hospital and medical college. The study used “IPAQ-sf Questionnaire” to estimate the level of physical activity and amount of sitting behaviour in hours throughout the day of the week and “Isometric back-leg-chest dynamometer” to assess the back and leg muscle strength of the 74 administrative staff, male (68.9%) and female (31.1%) involved in the study. The findings of the study indicated significant differences in the back-leg muscle strengths of both physically active and inactive population in both the male and female groups. On comparing the physically active population with physically inactive, in the male group inactive the results showed a significant difference in back muscle strength (0.0224) and leg muscle strength (0.0289) and in female group the leg strength (0.0200) showed a higher significant difference than back strength (0.0003). This workplace delivered that the more the physical active of an individual irrespective of the age and genders the better the back-leg muscle strength and the more number of years a person worked in a sitting-environment weaker the back-leg muscle strength.

Keywords: Physical activity, Physical inactivity, Dynamometry, Isometric Dynamometer, BLC dynamometer, Administrative workers.
When Women Birthed Mooncalves and Moles
Authors: Porth Emily
Published: July 2021

The Hunterian Museum, part of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, England, is unique in that its displays are focused on the anatomical collections of 18th century surgeon John Hunter, and today the museum is designed to exhibit Hunter’s collections in the way he would have at that time. As such, humans and animals are unusually displayed in the same galleries, and this includes a large number of wet-preserved human and animal fetal bodies. Significant work has been done within feminist studies of science to examine the politics around the icon and visibility of the human fetus, and on how the fetus has become the primary actor in the origin stories of contemporary Western society. However, the critical investigation of animal fetal bodies and their role in this origin story appears absent altogether, and little work has been carried out on how foetal display in museums essentially renders females of all species invisible.
Eating Girls
Authors: Heymans Peter
Published: July 2021

This article argues that Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of becoming-animal is aesthetically as well as structurally related to the discourse of the sublime. It investigates the species politics of both concepts and illustrates their ecocritical potential with an analysis of William Blake’s Lyca poems, “The Little Girl Lost” and “The Little Girl Found,” both published in his Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794).
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Geroux Robert
Published: July 2021

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Equine/Human Lyme Embodiments
Authors: Gundermann Christian
Published: July 2021

Lyme Disease continues to be a complex phenomenon, medically, culturally, epistemologically. Based on a theoretical framework steeped in feminist science studies and post-human onto-epistemologies, I suggest that conventional biomedicine has failed not only practically as far as helping patients suffering from Lyme and other "emergent diseases," but also conceptually as it applies the determinist monocausal infectious disease model to Lyme. Several recent essays on autoimmunity have developed tools based on both science studies and deconstruction that pinpoint the conceptual  shortcoming of dominant immunology, which presumes a stable and antagonistic ontology of immune self and pathogenic other. The authors suggest to replace this ontology with an ecology of entangled becomings. My argument is developed by weaving together the human-centered Lyme conundrum with that of horses because Lyme seems better understood by veterinarians than human physicians. While I critically examine an important official study on equine borreliosis, conducted by Cornell University's Veterinary College, which is characterized by the typical reductionist and mechanistic approach, I nevertheless concede that it has yielded a better testing system than what is available in the human context. But ultimately, I end up making the case for an energy-medicine approach to healing rather than a biomedical "cure" through the case study of my horse Caspio, who suffers from the chronic stage of the illness, and whom I have rehabilitated over the course of nearly a decade. His etiology simultaneously blends into my own, as I move from self- to cross-species case history in this hybrid piece. Leaning on the notion of entangled ecologies developed in recent literature, which proposes to think of immune-system related illnesses as dynamic relations of becoming together, I conclude with the notion of balance —mental, immunological, and biomechanical— which I have striven to achieve with Caspio through acupuncture and the art of classical training: learning to live well with the embodiment of (at times debilitating) symptoms, rather than engaging in pharmacological warfare.
Returning to Wild? Four lions’ journey from circus to “sanctuary.”
Authors: Vander Meer Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

Four lions, Skinny, Little, Sid and Sammy, have been subjected to dramatic changes as a result of a shifting political landscape. Each experienced a life of performance in a travelling French circus until authorities seized them in Belgium after the country enacted a ban on use of wild animals in circuses in 2014. The lions then spent almost two years in temporary rescue in Belgium awaiting transport to a permanent home at a UK zoo. These lions as individuals and their movement from circus to “sanctuary” with a conception that they are being returned to a more “wild life” are the subject of this multi-species, multi-sited ethnography. The temporary rescue context is considered in terms of animal viewing, lion-human interactions and particular physical spaces of captivity, while findings in circus and zoo sites serve as comparison and contrast.
Will Curiosity® Kill the Cat?
Authors: Bunyak Garrett
Published: July 2021

The control and eradication of free-living domestic cats due to perceived declines in bird populations is a major concern within the biological and ecological sciences, especially in Australasia.  Consequently, human relationships with free living cats are entangled with deadly technoscientific discourses and practices.  Deploying a posthumanist framework, this genealogy examines efforts to manage and destroy free-living cat populations with and through technoscience.  Scientific recourse to constructs such as rationality and progress, grounded in Enlightenment philosophy, are shown to legitimize and enable scientific efforts to control and master “nature” and free-living cats.  The consequences for non-human animals and indigenous peoples are discussed.  Extending interdisciplinary work in science studies, the paper suggests the scientific accounts analyzed are haunted by legacies of colonialism, human exceptionalism, and a faith in science, technology, and progress.  As a microcosm of broader trends, this case suggests a scientific enterprise geared towards controlling the “non-human world” may be more of a threat to global ecological processes than the very problems scientists are attempting to solve.
Saving Species, One Individual at a Time
Authors: Braverman Irus
Published: July 2021

The role of zoo veterinarians has changed significantly in the last several decades, reflecting and revealing broader transformations in zoo culture, especially among North American accredited zoos. This article draws on several interviews with prominent zoo vets, as well as on regulations that pertain to their work, to highlight their current position at the nexus of animal health and welfare, on the one hand, and of species conservation, on the other hand. The transformation of zoos into conservation institutions in particular has resulted in the vets’ novel focus on the sustainability of populations and their intensified involvement in in situ wildlife management. The article will explore the everyday negotiations that zoo vets must undertake to balance between caring for the individual animal’s medical needs and for the long-term survival of her population and species. Despite the central role of the zoo vet in this institutional arena, very little has been written about this figure from a scholarly perspective. The article concludes with a call for further explorations in this direction.
Unnatural Pet-Keeping
Authors: Zelinger Amir
Published: July 2021

This paper embeds pet-keeping into the scholarship on Hurricane Katrina. Recent research into Hurricane Katrina has mostly emphasized the social significance of this natural disaster, maintaining that issues of class, race, and social inequality were responsible for the extent of the catastrophe and for the fact that certain populations suffered much more severely than others. Focusing on custody disputes over pets that were stranded during the catastrophe and adopted by new owners outside of the area affected, this paper argues that the social conflicts at the root of Katrina extended to the realm of pet-keeping. It contends that in the same way that Katrina brutally lay bare some of the most burning social conflicts plaguing American society, it also revealed, as no other event could, the entanglement of pet-keeping within these conflicts. Thus, Hurricane Katrina made clear that pets are not simply part of American society—they are also part of the hierarchies, inequalities, and discriminations this society is structured upon.
Mustangs and Domestic Horses
Authors: Dalke Karen , Olson Hunt Megan
Published: July 2021

Mustangs in the American West are descendants of animals that escaped domesticity. Since 1971, these horses have been protected by the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act, but dissonance exists between romantic notions and the actual experience of the mustang. Given thousands of mustangs face uncertain futures in short- and long-term holding facilities, this research aims to dispel misconceptions about the ability of these animals to adapt to domestic settings. If over time mustangs act similarly to fully-domesticated horses, there is motivation to focus on adopting these horses into suitable homes. Using the United States Geographical Survey (USGS) ethogram for Free-Roaming Feral Horses, this study examines behaviors of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) mustangs and domestic horses. Over 26,000 behavioral images were analyzed and sorted into 15 categories. Continuous focal sampling at one-minute intervals captured behaviors for six equids over a one-month period in the summer of 2013. Results suggest that over time, mustangs behave similarly to fully-domesticated horses. Specifically, chi-square goodness-of-fit tests indicated that mustangs living in domesticated settings for a short amount of time (less than five years) differ significantly from equines who have spent more time in domestication (at least 15 years) with regard to resting and grooming. However, mustangs in domestication at least 15 years did not differ significantly from horses who were born and raised in a domesticated environment. In conclusion, behavior patterns become similar amongst mustangs and fully-domesticated horses over time, indicating that adoption is a feasible option for America’s thousands of wild mustangs.
Becoming Zoö-curious
Authors: Rother Adeline
Published: July 2021

This paper puts forth a new terminology and rationale for thinking about what it calls the zoö-curious gender discourse. Participants in this discourse are rethinking the sexes, sexualities, and sexual practices of human beings by looking closely at the sex lives of animals, especially insects. Within this strange tradition, I locate the insect metaphors of Jacques Derrida and of other French and francophone such as André Gide, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Jules Michelet. The strange erotic entomology of these French-language writers leads me to a reflection on how the sexual differences of animals play into conceptions of the man-animal difference at large.
Microbial Zoopoetics in Octavia Butler’s Clay’s Ark
Authors: Magnone Sophia Booth
Published: July 2021

This paper reads Octavia Butler’s 1984 novel Clay’s Ark as a speculative handbook for living collaboratively in a more-than-human world. Drawing on Aaron Moe’s theory of zoopoetics, as well as emerging research on the effects of the human microbiome on health, behavior, and personality, I consider how the novel’s “villain,” an infectious microbe, might be not just a germ but an author, writing difference into the text of the human species. Depicting this interspecies relationship as both troubling and productive, Butler suggests the urgent need for humans to construct responsible and mutually beneficial forms of collaboration with their nonhuman neighbors of all sorts.
The Captive Imagination
Authors: Sharma Devika
Published: July 2021

Taking an outset in American artist Matthew Barney’s film Cremaster 2(1999), which is a part of the expansive work The Cremaster Cycle, this essay asks how notions of captivity reflect upon our concepts of inhumanity and animality. Captivity and confinement are in themselves favored themes of the popular imagination, but Barney’s speculative film suggests that notions of captivity also form part of the framework through which we imagine aspects of inhumanity and animality. Discussing the film in the light of contemporary theoretical reflections on what is commonly termed “the question of the inhuman” and “the question of the animal,” respectively, I understand the film to be a visual engagement with captivity and its significance for the discourses, images, and institutions that govern the boundaries of the human.
The work of animals
Authors: Porcher Jocelyne
Published: July 2021

In the intellectual landscape concerned with domestic animals, social scientists are rarely to be seen. Yet work, one of the historical objects of social sciences, is at the heart of relations between humans and animals. This article will put forward approaches to studying animal work through the psychology of work and through critical social sciences.
Running with Butkus
Authors: Price Jason
Published: July 2021

This essay examines the relationships between humans and animals in the first and last of the films in the Rocky series starring Sylvester Stallone. Analyzing the film’s engagement with capitalism, meat, and animals, the essay engages in discussion with Carol J. Adams work on women and meat as well as Haraway’s recent work on companion species. The essay looks at the ways in which Rocky and Adrian regard animals differently than the other characters in the film as they refuse to injure them or regard them merely as food for consumption; instead, Rocky keeps them as pets and Adrian works at a pet store. Lastly, I look at the scenes of Rocky training with dead animals, comparing these with the scenes where he trains with live dogs. I argue that the scenes of Rocky hitting the sides of beef in the meat locker serve to question the slaughter of animals while maintaining a humanist subject, whereas his training with Butkus performs more of a “posthumanist posthumanism,” to use Cary Wolfe’s term, as his subjectivity is constructed through his relating with his dogs.
Vicious Circles
Authors: Piskorski Rodolfo
Published: July 2021

The narrative produced around and by the characters in Darren Aronofsky’s 2006 film The Fountain serves to expose a fruitful path for Intersectional Theory other than the fight for social justice in public policy: an analysis of the ways in which even privileged subject positions are constructed in order to constitute a wide range of integrated discourses of difference. I set out from an understanding of the essential role of the species difference (and the privilege of the human status) in the intersectional constitution of other vectors of difference, such as gender, sex, race, ethnicity, and ability. I attempt to articulate this broad form of intersectional approach with a discussion of the supposedly exclusively human relationship with death which permits the characters in The Fountain to construct humanity as opposed to animality. As long as The Fountainwants to be a narrative concerning differently-gendered stances before death, an intersectional, posthumanist deconstruction of this film can show how the discourse of gender may function as to deflect attention from (and to produce) other forms of difference, such as species.
SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) and role of real time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in its diagnosis
Authors: Pinki Pinki , Rani Deepika , Bajaj Himani , Singh Ranjit
Published: July 2021

The present article reviews the diagnosis of Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) by using Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2), which affects upper and lower respiratory tract. In present scenario COVID-19 is considered as global public health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) so, the detection and prevention of this disease is vital to control this emergency. RT-PCR is a highly sensitive laboratory method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. It is based on rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by qualitative detection of its nucleic acid sequence. This test locates the primer and probe sets in different regions in the genome of SARS-CoV-2.
Periodontitis y mayor riesgo de complicaciones en la enfermedad COVID-19
Authors: Sanz Mariano
Published: July 2021

En esta ocasión, se convocó al Prof. Mariano Sanz, coautor del artículo recientemente publicado acerca de la relación entre periodontitis y el mayor riesgo de padecer complicaciones de COVID-19, a fin de que comparta su mirada sobre este
relevante hallazgo.
جرائم السب والقذف في قوانين الصحافة والمطبوعات في دول الخليج العربي
Authors: Mohammed Ibrahim Dr. Salaheldin
Published: July 2021

ظلت جرائم السب والقذف تحظى بأهمية عبر التاريخ، وقد اهتمت معظم القوانين في كل دول العالم ودول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية خاصة، تعطى قضية الحماية من جرائم السب والقذف وضعاً خاصاً في قوانينها، وهذه الدراسة تتناول قضية إشانة السمعة مستعرضة تاريخها عبر مختلف الحضارات والعصور، وتبيّن مفهوم السب والقذف وأنواعه في مختلف الأنظمة القانونية، وتتعرض للنصوص القانونية في قوانين العقوبات، وقوانين الصحافة والمطبوعات والنشر في دول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية، كما تستعين ببعض السوابق القضائية في القانون الإنجليزي (Common Law) لمزيد من التوضيح والشرح، وقد أكدت الدراسة تشابه قوانين السب والقذف في هذه الدول في الكثير من نصوصها وعقوباتها مع قليل من التباين، وأن الحقيقة مقبولة كدفاع في معظم هذه الدول.
The reality of Sudanese press in the light of the transformation of digital media
Authors: Mohammed Mekki Dr.Mekki , Elbashir Osman Dr.Murtada
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to explore the vision of academic experts and practitioners of Sudanese journalism profession, to obtain a thorough and scientific diagnosis of the changes  in the  paper press  in  the  world. To  determine  its   withstand   and   the possibility  of  competing with  electronic  media,  relying on  the descriptive survey methodology  on the  way to design a scale  of  five  meter  to  measure  trends, the research contained  (16)  items; The validity and reliability coefficients were applied, and  the questionnaire  was a major tool  for collecting  information from (100) study sample. The  study  found that  political, economic  and  technological  changes, in addition to the administrative and structural imbalance of the press, the increase in publishing   costs,  the  weak  financial  capabilities,  the  decrease   in  advertising revenues, the continuous decline in sales and the general trend towards the internet are the reasons for the decline and suspension of some paper press in the world. The study recommended the need to respond to developments and changes in the global political,   economic,  social  and   technical  and  to  keep   pace   with   them.  The environment should  be  created  by enacting  attractive  legislation  and  providing governmental logistical support to  the  paper  press and facilitating the distribution and  advertising movement, and  the  Sudanese paper  press  should pay attention to and upgrade its staff in  terms of providing career  stability methods, and  then open the fields of training and development for him to deal with the data and requirements of the digital age.
Form, Time, and the “First English Sonnet”
Authors: Sawyer Daniel
Published: July 2021

The earliest known English poem rhyming ababcdcdefefgg appears within John Metham's 1448/9 romance Amoryus and Cleopes. Scholarship cannot, however, easily claim Metham's lyric as the first English sonnet: contrary to past suggestions, available historical and manuscript evidence indicates that he did not intentionally create a sonnet, but rather composed in the form accidentally. This inset lyric's rhyme scheme therefore represents, possibly uniquely in English, sonnet form without the sonnet tradition. Despite this isolation, however, attentive reading shows that the lyric achieves certain effects very like those produced by later English sonnets. The common features underpinning these effects even in a text not knowingly written as a sonnet might help criticism isolate factors that make up form's essence or quiddity.
Arabica coffee and cedar tree: integrating biotic and abiotic drivers
Authors: Pereira Luanna Fernandes , Matsumoto Sylvana Naomi , De Oliveira Ueliton Soares , Viana Anselmo Eloy Silveira , Teixeira Ednilson Carvalho
Published: July 2021

Agroforestry systems are important forms of sustainable farming, providing several ecosystem services. However, characterization and management of factors such as thermal and light heterogeneity, as well as interactions between trees and coffee plants, are determinants for achieving the desired sustainability. This study aimed to verify whether different distances between Coffea arabica L. and Australian red cedar can change soil and microclimate characteristics and how they alter morphological and physiological attributes of coffee plants over the rainy season and a prolonged drought period (veranico) in Summer. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in an area with Australian red cedar trees (Toona ciliata M. Roem), distributed in two hedges, spaced 19.8 × 3 m apart, in a northeastsouthwest direction, and coffee plants var. Catucaí Vermelho (3.3 × 0.5 m). Treatments were defined by the distance between the coffee plants and the first row of the Australian red cedar hedge (3.3 m, T1; 6.6 m, T2; 9.9 m, T3; 13.2 m, T4; 16.4 m, T5). Morphology and physiology of coffee plants, soil temperature, incident light on coffee plants, and the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaf extracts were assessed in the wet and dry season of the 2016–2017 Summer. Temperatures fluctuated less in experimental units close to the hedge. The reduced growth of coffee plants close to the hedges was related to self-shading associated with light restriction by the trees. The experiment showed the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaves.
Study of the biogas potential generated from residue: peanut shells
Authors: Dos Santos Cristiano Vieira , Lourenzani Ana Elisa Bressan Smith , Neto Mario Mollo , Lopes Leonardo Alexandre , Dos Santos Paulo Sérgio Barbosa
Published: July 2021

The increase in agricultural production generates a large volume of waste, which may lead to concerns about its proper destination. The main economic activity in Herculândia City, Western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, is the production and processing of peanuts. In this process, a large volume of peanut shells is generated. Following the current movement of using waste for energy purposes, in compliance with what was established by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this work aimed to carry out a study on the biogas potential generated from peanut shells. To this end, a low-cost biodigester prototype was built, which, over a period of 108 days, produced biogas and biofertilizer. The results showed that there was production of biogas from peanut waste; however, the volume produced did not provide savings in electricity costs when compared to the production of biogas from animal waste. Nevertheless, the work demonstrated the importance of providing solutions to the disposal of peanut shells, effectively mitigating future environmental problems, and serving as an alternative for generating sustainable and low-cost energy, especially for small producers.
Influence of rainfall on wind power generation in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Barros Alessandra Maciel de Lima , Sobral Maria do Carmo Martins , Assis Janaina Maria Oliveira de , Souza Werônica Meira de
Published: July 2021

Wind power has been emerging as one of the main renewable energy sources in Northeast Brazil, which concentrates 87% of the country’s installed wind capacity, especially in recent years, due to water scarcity and its seasonal energy complementarity to hydraulic generation. The objective of this article is to present a method to evaluate the influence of rainfall on the behavior of wind power generation, considering rainfall anomaly index and extreme climatic indices of precipitation. We utilized daily rainfall data from cities located near wind farms CE1 and CE2 in the state of Ceará - Aracati, in the 1974-2016 period, and Trairi, in the 1976-2016 period —, as well as daily wind power generation data for the same period, provided by the Electric System National Operator (ONS). The RClimdex software was used to calculate 11 indices of climatic extremes dependent on rainfall. The capacity factor for wind power generation was calculated for the period from 2011 to 2016 for the CE1 and CE2 wind farms. The application of this method found an inversely proportional relation between rainfall anomaly index (RAI) and the wind power capacity factor, with a decrease in total rainfall and a greater number of consecutive dry days and concentrated rain in the short term. From 2012 to 2016, the rainfall anomaly index was negative. However, wind power factors were higher than in 2011. The developed methodology can be applied to other wind farms, contributing to the medium and long term energy planning of the National Interconnected System.
Study on Brazilian agribusiness wastewaters: composition, physical‑chemical characterization, volumetric production and resource recovery
Authors: Sales Morais Naassom Wagner , Coelho Milena Maciel Holanda , E Silva Amanda de Sousa , Pereira Erlon Lopes
Published: July 2021

Brazil is a significant producer of agricultural and agro-industrial waste, which can be used to recover valuable resources, such as struvite, hydroxyapatite, methane gas, hydrogen gas, and carboxylic acids, to mitigate the environmental impacts of the agro-industrial sector, add economic value to organic waste, and promote the sustainability of natural resources. Thus, this work’s objective was to compile and analyze data on the composition, physical-chemical characterization, and volumetric production of six agricultural and agro-industrial wastewaters (AWWs) from activities of paramount importance in Brazilian agribusiness and to report studies on resource recovery from those liquid wastes. The literature review was carried out by analyzing scientific works obtained by searching for keywords in different databases. It was concluded that swine wastewaters (SWs), slaughterhouse wastewaters (SHWs), and dairy wastewaters (DWs) are the most promising for struvite recovery. DWs also stand out for the recovery of hydroxyapatite. SWs and brewery wastewaters (BWs) are commonly used for prospecting for algae or bacterial biomass and their derivative products. All AWWs analyzed are considered promising for biogas, methane and hydrogen, while the most soluble AWWs are more valuable for carboxylic acid production.
Water loss associated with food loss and waste in Brazil
Authors: Cohim Eduardo Borges , Leão Adriano Souza , Silva Neto Hamilton de Araújo , Santos Gilmar Souza
Published: July 2021

This article aimed to estimate the loss of water associated with food loss and waste in Brazil in 2013. Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) on food balance and waste, as well as the Water Footprint (WF) of agricultural products available at Water Footprint Network (WFN) were used. Results show that food waste reaches 49 million metric tons per year, compromising a total of 87 billion cubic meters of water, which is higher than the average annual flow of the river São Francisco. Major water loss is associated with the agricultural production stage (32%), followed by consumption (19%). Amongst food groups, major water loss is associated with meat (49%), followed by cereals (19%). Roughly 96% of water loss is attributed to the green water component, which highlights that attention must be paid to rainfed agriculture to ensure food and water for everyone. The loss of blue water was more than half of the volume consumed in the urban sector, and the grey component (polluted water) was equivalent to 80% of this consumption. Measures such as improving agricultural practices, logistics, irrigation, expanding and improving rainfed agriculture, developing campaigns and policies to reduce exportation of primary products, as well as consumption of products from animal origin, can contribute to managing the food supply chain more sustainably when the focus is water. Reducing food loss and waste means preserving water.
Decision support system for selecting sectoral data-bases in studies of the water–energy–agricultural–environmental nexus
Authors: Torres Cássia Juliana Fernandes , Xavier da Silva Rodrigo Saldanha , Fontes Andrea Souza , Ribeiro Daniel Veras , Medeiros Yvonilde Dantas Pinto
Published: July 2021

Obtaining databases to develop multidisciplinary studies in complex intersectoral network systems presents great challenges. Databases often lack compatibility or data standardization because they are organized differently by sector. Therefore, this article aims to propose a Decision Support System (DSS) to assist in the identification, analysis, and selection of sectoral databases to support the development of quantitative studies. The concept of the “Nexus of water, energy, agriculture, and the environment” is used to illustrate the development of the DSS. To this end, a conceptual structure defined in six stages was presented: institutional analysis, definition of alternatives, definition of criteria, analysis of databases, classification matrix, and organization and selection of alternatives. Validation of the proposed DSS was carried out using national-scale databases for the Brazilian context. From the application of DSS in the databases surveyed, it appears that: Brazil does not have interconnected databases, nor does it share databases between sectors; the information is dispersed across a large number of institutions, and includes a multiplicity of spatial and temporal scales, hindering their integration; the adoption of macro-scales, both spatially and temporally, facilitates the integration of the collected information, and the country’s sectoral organizational structures tend to hamper the development of systems integrated into complex networks. The proposed DSS allows a better understanding and visualization of possible simplifications and limitations inherent in integrated studies of quantitative scope, minimizes uncertainties, and directs systemic planning and management strategies.
Warum ist richtiges Durchatmen für schulisches Lernen und Lehren bedeutsam?
Authors: Eichler Ursula
Published: July 2021

Dieser Artikel zeigt die dem Programm Vital4Heart zugrunde liegenden Zusammenhänge von Stress und Entspannung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Folgen der Pandemie sowie die Wirkungsweise von präventiv erlernten resilienzfördernden Entspannungs- und Achtsamkeitsübungen auf.
Gemeinsam durch unsichere Zeiten
Authors: Höflich Sabine
Published: July 2021

Gerade in unsicheren Zeiten kann Schule zum sicheren Ort werden, der Stabilität sowie Halt gibt und gleichzeitig heilsame Erfahrungen in der Gruppe ermöglichen kann. Dies ist für das gesamte Schulteam bedeutsam. Es bedarf einer verstehenden, wertschätzenden Haltung in der gesamten Schulkultur, eines verlässlichen, stabilisierenden Rahmens, der Strukturen transparent macht, sowie unterstützender Praktiken (trauma)pädagogischen Handelns, welche Schutz und Stabilisierung von allen in der Schule Tätigen versprechen.
Allen Menschen recht getan, ist eine Kunst, die niemand kann
Authors: Teimel Eva
Published: July 2021

Covid-19 hat alle am Schulleben Beteiligten extrem gefordert und viel wurde auch den Lehrer*innen abverlangt – seitens des Ministeriums und der Bildungsdirektionen, der Eltern und der Öffentlichkeit. Für die Personalvertretung und Gewerkschaft war und ist das eine herausfordernde Zeit, im Spannungsfeld zwischen Systemrelevanz und drohender Überforderung des Berufsstandes der Lehrer*innen.
Ziel- und evidenzbasiert durchstarten?!
Authors: Heißenberger Petra , Niederfriniger Julia
Published: July 2021

Das Bildungsreformgesetz 2017 hatte maßgeblichen Einfluss auf qualitätssichernde Maßnahmen an Schulen. Durch das Qualitätsmanagement für Schulen (QMS), welches das nun seit Jänner 2021 maßgeblich das steuernde Element für Qualitätssicherung und -entwicklung an Schulen darstellt, entstehen für Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen an Pädagogischen Hochschulen Reflexions- und Handlungsbedarf. Es ist an den durchführenden Institutionen ein Konsens darüber herzustellen, welche Korrespondenz und Kongruenz zwischen einem Curriculum für die Weiterbildung und dem staatlich auferlegten Auftrag durch QMS an die Schulleitungen zu realisieren ist. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie präsentiert, die zeigen, dass die im QMS geforderten Evidenzbasiertheit für schulische und unterrichtliche Entscheidungen klare und überprüfbare Ziele vorausgehen müssen. Im Beitrag werden weiters einige ausgewählte Aspekte eines professionsbasierten Schulleitungshandelns vorgestellt.
Durchstarten in Kunst und Kultur
Authors: Mayer Andrea
Published: July 2021

Der 19. Mai 2021 war ein ganz besonderer Tag für die Kunst und Kultur in Österreich. Nach fast sieben Monaten haben die Kultur- und Veranstaltungs­be­triebe wieder ihre Tore ge­öff­net. Von sehr vielen in der Kunst und Kultur Tätigen, aber auch bei uns im Kulturressort, wur­de dieser Tag als einer der Er­leich­­terung und Freude gefeiert. Nach vielen Mona­ten des Durch­­haltens war endlich der Moment des Durchstartens gekommen.
Constitutional background to and aspects of the Good Friday Agreement
Authors: O'Donnell Donal
Published: July 2021

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Tradisi Jenang Suro Sebagai Pengikat Solidaritas Sosial
Authors: Efendi Faizal
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the Jenang Suro Tradition in Krupuk Karang Mluwo, Mangli Village, as a hereditary tradition transmitted by their ancestors and performed on a continuous basis when the month of Suro comes. Jenang suro is not only regarded as a tradition, but also as a symbol of community solidarity. This research applies an anthropological approach and applies a qualitative research method. The following findings of this research: The jenang suro ritual transmitted down through generations by the ancestors of the krupuk village community which is consistently found when the month of suro begins, with the intention of rejecting reinforcements and expressing thankfulness for Allah SWT's presence. This ritual is seen as a social binder by the community. The village community asks a religious leader or ustadz to lead the prayer procession after jenang's production process, and the last step is Ter-Ater (delivering) jenang suro to the neighbors. This procedure intends to be a sort of sodaqoh from jenang that has been made, as well as a binder of their neighborly unity.