bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene expression vs. sequence divergence: comparative transcriptome sequencing among natural Rhinolophus ferrumequinum populations with different acoustic phenotypes
Authors: Zhao Hanbo , Wang Hui , Liu Tong , Liu Sen , Jin Longru , Huang Xiaobin , Dai Wentao , Sun Keping , Feng Jiang
Published: September 2019

Background

Although the sensory drive hypothesis can explain the geographic variation in echolocation frequencies of some bat species, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. The three lineages of greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in China (northeast, central-east, and southwest) have significant geographic variation in resting frequencies (RF) of echolocation calls. Because their cochleae have an acoustic fovea that is highly sensitive to a narrow range of frequencies, we reported the transcriptomes of cochleae collected from three genetic lineages of R. ferrumequinum, which is an ideal organism for studying geographic variation in echolocation signals, and tried to understand the mechanisms behind this bat phenomenon by analyzing gene expression and sequence variation.

Results

A total of 8190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. We identified five modules from all DEGs that were significantly related to RF or forearm length (FL). DEGs in the RF-related modules were significantly enriched in the gene categories involved in neural activity, learning, and response to sound. DEGs in the FL-related modules were significantly enriched in the pathways related to muscle and actin functions. Using 21,945 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we identified 18 candidate unigenes associated with hearing, five of which were differentially expressed among the three populations. Additionally, the gene ERBB4, which regulates diverse cellular processes in the inner ear such as cell proliferation and differentiation, was in the largest module. We also found 49 unigenes that were under positive selection from 4105 one-to-one orthologous gene pairs between the three R. ferrumequinum lineages and three other Chiroptera species.

Conclusions

The variability of gene expression and sequence divergence at the molecular level might provide evidence that can help elucidate the genetic basis of geographic variation in echolocation signals of greater horseshoe bats.
Alcohol consumption and its interaction with genetic variants are strongly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Hairong , Wang Tao , Zhang Rong , Yan Jing , Jiang Feng , Li Shanshan , Jia Weiping , Hu Cheng
Published: September 2019

Background

Both genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to the incidence of type 2 diabetes. It yet remains controversial whether and how alcohol consumption, one of the most prevalent lifestyle habits, influences type 2 diabetes. Moreover, whether alcohol consumption interacts with genetic risk is inconclusive. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects of alcohol, genetic risk and their potential interactions on type 2 diabetes risk.

Methods

The Shanghai Diabetes study (SHDS) had a total of 2546 participants with 611 incident cases of combined type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR). We constructed weighted genetic risk score (GRS) for type 2 diabetes and categorized the GRS into three strata. And the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Then we used logistic regression models and multiple linear regression models to examine the influence of both baseline alcohol consumption and genetic risk on blood glucose deterioration, insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell function (BC), respectively. Moreover, we investigated the interactions of alcohol intake with: (1) GRSs for type 2 diabetes, IR, BC, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); and (2) each of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used to establish the GRSs mentioned above.

Results

Alcohol consumption and higher T2D-GRS both contributed to a higher incidence rate of blood glucose deterioration [odds ratio (OR), 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.76–2.87; OR, 1.25, 95% CI, 1.11–1.42; respectively]. Alcohol reduced insulin sensitivity and compensated by enhancing beta cell function (β = 1.98, P < .0001 and β = − 1.97, P < .0001 for HOMA-IR and inverse HOMA-β, respectively). T2D-GRS deteriorated insulin secretion (β = 0.10, P = 0.0069 for inverse HOMA-B) but not insulin sensitivity (P = 0.0856). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between alcohol and T2D-GRS (Pinteraction = 0.0318), suggesting the association between alcohol and type 2 diabetes was much stronger in the lower T2D-GRS group than in the higher T2D-GRS group. And this interaction was more pronounced in men (Pinteraction = 0.0176) than in women (Pinteraction = 0.3285). No single SNP interacted strongly with alcohol intake.

Conclusions/interpretation

Alcohol consumption strongly increased the risk of type 2 diabetes by increasing IR, especially in men with low T2D-GRS, highlighting the importance of refraining from drinking alcohol when making recommendations for healthy lifestyle habits to prevent diabetes.
Safety and efficacy of fiducial marker implantation for robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy with fiducial tracking
Authors: Scher Nathaniel , Bollet Marc , Bouilhol Gauthier , Tannouri Remi , Khemiri Imane , Vouillaume Aurelie , Sellami Noura , Von Eyben Rie , Vannetzel Jean-Michel , Darmon Ilan , Rotenberg Luc , Lamallem Hanah , Bauduceau Olivier , Foster Denis , Toledano Alain
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy and toxicity of fiducial marker implantation and tracking in CyberKnife® stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) applied to extracranial locations.

Materials and method

This is a retrospective, single-centre, observational study to collect the data of all patients treated by stereotactic radiation therapy with fiducial marker tracking at extracranial locations, conducted between June 2014 and November 2017. Information regarding the implantation procedure, the types of toxicity related to marker implantation and the number of markers implanted/tracked during treatment were collected. Complication rates were evaluated using the CTCAE v4 [Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events] scale. The technical success rate was based on the ability to optimally track the tumor throughout all treatment fractions.

Results

Out of 2505 patients treated by stereotactic radiation therapy, 25% received treatment with fiducial marker tracking. The total number of implantation procedures was 616 and 1543 fiducial markers were implanted. The implantation-related complication rate was 3%, with 16 Grade 1 events and 4 Grade 2 events. The number of treated patients and the number of implanted markers has gradually increased since the technique was first implemented. The median treatment time was 27 min (range 10–76). 1295 fiducials were effectively tracked throughout all treatment fractions, corresponding to a technical success rate of 84%. The difference between the number of fiducials implanted and those tracked during treatment decreased significantly as the site’s experience increased.

Conclusion

Fiducial marker implantation and tracking is feasible, well-tolerated, and technically effective technique in SBRT for extracranial tumors.
Fecal medicines used in traditional medical system of China: a systematic review of their names, original species, traditional uses, and modern investigations
Authors: Du Huan , Kuang Ting-ting , Qiu Shuang , Xu Tong , Gang Huan Chen-Lei , Fan Gang , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2019

In China, the medical use of fecal matter (fresh fecal suspension or dry feces) can be dated back to the fourth century, approximately 1700 years ago. In long-term clinical practice, Chinese doctors have accumulated unique and invaluable medical experience in the use of fecal materials. In view of their good curative effect and medicinal potential, fecal medicines should be paid much attention. This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive data compilation of fecal medicines used in various Chinese traditional medical systems by bibliographic investigation of 31 medicine monographs and standards. A total of 54 fecal medicines were found to be used in 14 traditional Chinese medical systems. Their names, original species, medicinal forms, and traditional uses were described in detail. These fecal medicines were commonly used to treat gastrointestinal, nervous system, skin, and gynecological diseases. Commonly used fecal medicines include Wu-Ling-Zhi, Jiu-Fen and Hei-Bing-Pian. The information summarized in this study can provide a good reference for the development and utilization of fecal medicines. Further studies are necessary to prove their medicinal value, identify their active ingredients, and elucidate their mechanisms of action so that more people can accept these special medicines.
Zebrafish modeling reveals that SPINT1 regulates the aggressiveness of skin cutaneous melanoma and its crosstalk with tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Gómez-Abenza Elena , Ibáñez-Molero Sofía , García-Moreno Diana , Fuentes Inmaculada , Zon Leonard I. , Mione Maria C. , Cayuela María L. , Gabellini Chiara , Mulero Victoriano
Published: September 2019

Background

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most lethal form of skin cancer and while incidence rates are declining for most cancers, they have been steadily rising for SKCM. Serine protease inhibitor, kunitz-type, 1 (SPINT1) is a type II transmembrane serine protease inhibitor that has been shown to be involved in the development of several types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer.

Methods

We used the unique advantages of the zebrafish to model the impact of Spint1a deficiency in early transformation, progression and metastatic invasion of SKCM together with in silico analysis of the occurrence and relevance of SPINT1 genetic alterations of the SKCM TCGA cohort.

Results

We report here a high prevalence of SPINT1 genetic alterations in SKCM patients and their association with altered tumor immune microenvironment and poor patient survival. The zebrafish model reveals that Spint1a deficiency facilitates oncogenic transformation, regulates the tumor immune microenvironment crosstalk, accelerates the onset of SKCM and promotes metastatic invasion. Notably, Spint1a deficiency is required at both cell autonomous and non-autonomous levels to enhance invasiveness of SKCM.

Conclusions

These results reveal a novel therapeutic target for SKCM.
Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments
Authors: Wang Fang , Lv Huanhuan , Zhao Bin , Zhou Liangfu , Wang Shenghang , Luo Jie , Liu Junyu , Shang Peng
Published: September 2019

Iron, an indispensable element for life, is involved in all kinds of important physiological activities. Iron promotes cell growth and proliferation, but it also causes oxidative stress damage. The body has a strict regulation mechanism of iron metabolism due to its potential toxicity. As a cancer of the bone marrow and blood cells, leukemia threatens human health seriously. Current studies suggest that dysregulation of iron metabolism and subsequent accumulation of excess iron are closely associated with the occurrence and progress of leukemia. Specifically, excess iron promotes the development of leukemia due to the pro-oxidative nature of iron and its damaging effects on DNA. On the other hand, leukemia cells acquire large amounts of iron to maintain rapid growth and proliferation. Therefore, targeting iron metabolism may provide new insights for approaches to the treatment of leukemia. This review summarizes physiologic iron metabolism, alternations of iron metabolism in leukemia and therapeutic opportunities of targeting the altered iron metabolism in leukemia, with a focus on acute leukemia.
When the levee breaks: a practical guide to sketching algorithms for processing the flood of genomic data
Authors: Rowe Will P. M.
Published: September 2019

Considerable advances in genomics over the past decade have resulted in vast amounts of data being generated and deposited in global archives. The growth of these archives exceeds our ability to process their content, leading to significant analysis bottlenecks. Sketching algorithms produce small, approximate summaries of data and have shown great utility in tackling this flood of genomic data, while using minimal compute resources. This article reviews the current state of the field, focusing on how the algorithms work and how genomicists can utilize them effectively. References to interactive workbooks for explaining concepts and demonstrating workflows are included athttps://github.com/will-rowe/genome-sketching.
“Too much guts and not enough brains”: (epi)genetic mechanisms and future therapies of Hirschsprung disease — a review
Authors: Jaroy Emilie G. , Acosta-Jimenez Lourdes , Hotta Ryo , Goldstein Allan M. , Emblem Ragnhild , Klungland Arne , Ougland Rune
Published: September 2019

Hirschsprung disease is a neurocristopathy, characterized by aganglionosis in the distal bowel. It is caused by failure of the enteric nervous system progenitors to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in the gut. Development of an enteric nervous system is a tightly regulated process. Both the neural crest cells and the surrounding environment are regulated by different genes, signaling pathways, and morphogens. For this process to be successful, the timing of gene expression is crucial. Hence, alterations in expression of genes specific for the enteric nervous system may contribute to the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung’s disease. Several epigenetic mechanisms contribute to regulate gene expression, such as modifications of DNA and RNA, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Here, we review the current knowledge of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation in the development of the enteric nervous system and its potential significance for the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung’s disease. We also discuss possible future therapies and how targeting epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms may open new avenues for novel treatment.
A non-autonomous impulsive food-chain model with delays
Authors: Tian Baodan , Zhang Pengkai , Li Jiamei , Zhang Yong , Yang Liu
Published: September 2019

A non-autonomous almost periodic prey–predator system with impulsive effects and multiple delays is proposed in this paper, Holling’s type-IV systems and ratio-dependent functional responses are also involved in the model. By applying absolute inequalities, integral inequalities, differential inequalities and the mean-value theorem and other mathematical analysis techniques, we obtain some sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence of the system. Moreover, we obtain the existence and the uniqueness of the almost periodic solution which is uniformly asymptotically stable by constructing a series of Lyapunov functionals. Finally, we present several numerical examples to verify the theoretical results and present some discussions of pest management in the agricultural ecological system.
Unique solution for a new system of fractional differential equations
Authors: Zhai Chengbo , Zhu Xiaolin
Published: September 2019

In this article, we discuss a new system of fractional differential equations
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Specific gut microbiome members are associated with distinct immune markers in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ingham Anna Cäcilia , Kielsen Katrine , Cilieborg Malene Skovsted , Lund Ole , Holmes Susan , Aarestrup Frank M. , Müller Klaus Gottlob , Pamp Sünje Johanna
Published: September 2019

Background

Increasing evidence reveals the importance of the microbiome in health and disease and inseparable host-microbial dependencies. Host-microbe interactions are highly relevant in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), i.e., a replacement of the cellular components of the patients’ immune system with that of a foreign donor. HSCT is employed as curative immunotherapy for a number of non-malignant and malignant hematologic conditions, including cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The procedure can be accompanied by severe side effects such as infections, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), and death. Here, we performed a longitudinal analysis of immunological markers, immune reconstitution and gut microbiota composition in relation to clinical outcomes in children undergoing HSCT. Such an analysis could reveal biomarkers, e.g., at the time point prior to HSCT, that in the future could be used to predict which patients are of high risk in relation to side effects and clinical outcomes and guide treatment strategies accordingly.

Results

In two multivariate analyses (sparse partial least squares regression and canonical correspondence analysis), we identified three consistent clusters: (1) high concentrations of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) prior to the transplantation in patients with high abundances ofLactobacillaceae, who later developed moderate or severe aGvHD and exhibited high mortality. (2) Rapid reconstitution of NK and B cells in patients with high abundances of obligate anaerobes such asRuminococcaceae, who developed no or mild aGvHD and exhibited low mortality. (3) High inflammation, indicated by high levels of C-reactive protein, in patients with high abundances of facultative anaerobic bacteria such asEnterobacteriaceae.Furthermore, we observed that antibiotic treatment influenced the bacterial community state.

Conclusions

We identify multivariate associations between specific microbial taxa, host immune markers, immune cell reconstitution, and clinical outcomes in relation to HSCT. Our findings encourage further investigations into establishing longitudinal surveillance of the intestinal microbiome and relevant immune markers, such as hBD2, in HSCT patients. Profiling of the microbiome may prove useful as a prognostic tool that could help identify patients at risk of poor immune reconstitution and adverse outcomes, such as aGvHD and death, upon HSCT, providing actionable information in guiding precision medicine.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: lncRNA TUG1 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis via targeting miR-29b in trophoblast cells
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Jing , Su Dong-Mei , Guan Li-Na , Mu Wei-Hong , Yu Mei , Ma Xu , Yang Rong-Juan
Published: September 2019

Background

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is regarded as the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism for the regulation of trophoblast behaviors and the pathogenesis of PE remain largely elusive. Recently, accumulating evidence emphasized that aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) functions as imperative regulators in human diseases, including PE. Thus, identifying PE-related specific lncRNAs to uncover the underlying molecular mechanism is of much significance. However, the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in PE progression remain unclear.

Method

Placenta tissues obtained from patients with PE and healthy pregnant women were performed to measure TUG1 expression by qRT-PCR analysis. Transient transfections were conducted to alter TUG1 expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were carried out to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Transwell and tube formation assays were performed to measure the capacity of cell invasion and angiogenesis. Moreover, the luciferase reporter assay was subjected to verify the binding relationship between TUG1 and miR-29b. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathway.

Results

Here, we identified a lncRNA, TUG1, which was notably decreased in placental samples of PE patients. Functional experiments of loss- or gain-of-function assays also verified that ectopic expression of TUG1 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis, but negatively regulated cell apoptosis, whereas TUG1 inhibition presented the opposite effects. Furthermore, mechanistic researches revealed that TUG1 could act as a molecular sponge for miR-29b, thus regulating MCL1, VEGFA, and MMP2 to modulate PE development.

Conclusions

Taken together, our findings demonstrated that TUG1 exerts as a critical role in PE progression, which might furnish a novel therapeutic marker for PE treatment.
A proper reference metabolic equivalent value to assess physical activity intensity in Japanese female nurses
Authors: Ideno Yuki , Hayashi Kunihiko , Lee Jung Su , Miyazaki Yukiko , Suzuki Shosuke
Published: September 2019

Background

Various questionnaires have been developed to assess physical activity, but only a few simple questionnaires are suitable for self-administration in large groups of midlife working women. This study examined the usefulness of the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS) questionnaire for self-administered physical activity surveys.

Methods

The JNHS physical activity questionnaire consisted of items covering seven degrees of intensity. The metabolic equivalents (METs) for the physical activity intensity of the questionnaire were estimated from energy expenditure as measured by a uniaxial accelerometer with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. The estimated METs were then assigned to the JNHS baseline survey data, and the total energy expenditure (TEE) and the time spent performing ≥3 METs hour of physical activity, called moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), were calculated.

Results

For working situations, application of the MCMC simulation resulted in estimated reference values of 1.2 METs for “sitting work”, 1.6 METs for “standing work”, 1.8 METs for “walking work”, and 4.5 METs for “heavy work”. For non-working situations, the estimated values were 1.1 METs for sedentary time, 2.4 METs for “moderate physical activity”, 4.4 METs for “vigorous physical activity”, and 9.4 METs for “very vigorous physical activity”. When these estimated METs were used, the mean TEE/day was 1808 kcal. This corresponded to − 3.0% of the TEE/day generated by the accelerometer. These estimated MET values showed similar results as a previous study measuring activity using the doubly-labeled water method. The number of hours per week of MVPA significantly decreased with age, which is also consistent with previous findings.

Conclusions

Estimated reference MET values in this study were similar to those in previous studies of Japanese women. The JNHS questionnaire is therefore useful for epidemiological surveys of midlife working women because it assigns estimated MET values as physical activity intensities.
A rare case of metastatic solitary fibrous tumor of the pancreas manifesting as a cystic neoplasm: a case report
Authors: Yamashita Hironori , Fujino Yasuhiro , Ohara Tadayuki , Kakinoki Keitaro , Sugimoto Takemi , Kajimoto Kazuyoshi , Tominaga Masahiro
Published: September 2019

Background

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that typically arises from the pleura. Although it may appear in other organs, it rarely develops in the pancreas. We report herein a rare case of metastatic SFT of the pancreas originating from an intracranial tumor and subsequently identified as a cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

Case presentation

A 58-year-old woman with a past medical history of brain tumor visited the hospital for further investigation of a cystic tumor in the pancreas tail. Abdominal imaging showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass that was initially suspected as a neuroendocrine neoplasm, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, or mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Distal pancreatectomy was performed without any intraoperative and postoperative complications. Pathological findings confirmed a diagnosis of malignant SFT of the pancreas with hyperproliferative potential. A histopathological review of her brain tumor revealed that the pancreatic tumor was derived from her brain lesion. The patient developed recurrent brain disease 4 years after the pancreatectomy, but no recurrence has been observed in the abdominal cavity.

Conclusions

SFT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of untypical hypervascular pancreatic mass, particularly in patients with a history of an intrathoracic or intracranial mesenchymal tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis is crucial in detecting this tumor entity. Hyperproliferative status indicates a malignant disease and requires careful postoperative observation.
Welfare effects of technology-based climate policies in liberalized electricity markets: seeing beyond total system cost
Authors: Maire Sophie , Thalmann Philippe , Vöhringer Frank
Published: September 2019

This paper is a contribution to assessing the Swiss energy transition, with an emphasis on the consequences of decommissioning the nuclear power plants for the electricity market and the whole economy. We expect that increased renewable generation and demand-side policies of the type already envisioned will not suffice to close the supply gap, so that Switzerland will have to rely on more imports of electricity, moving away from the export surpluses realized almost every year since 1910. As this reference scenario is contrary to desired energy security, a policy scenario is proposed in which net electricity trade is constrained to balance over the year and the supply gap is closed by relaxing the existing restrictions on gas-fired power plants. One constraint replaces another one, so that the impacts are not obvious. Furthermore, the prices of electricity and natural gas evolve quite differently through time and depend on climate and energy policy. We use a modeling framework coupling a detailed representation of electricity generation and an encompassing representation of the macro-economy to compare these scenarios in terms of both total system cost and welfare. Both indicators favor the reference scenario without gas-fired power plants in spite of its higher marginal costs for electricity. The welfare loss of the policy scenario is small, though, much smaller than the increase in total system cost. This shows that a coupled bottom-up top-down modeling framework assessing the welfare effect of policies can yield very different results from those of an energy system model assessing their impact on total system cost.
Assessment of the optic nerve and its arterial supply by ultrasound imaging in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Al Kattan Manal Mahmoud , Labib Amira Ahmed , Ismail Rania Shehata , Aboul fotouh Alshaimaa M. , Mohammed Emad El Din Mostafa
Published: September 2019

Background

Transorbital sonography (TOS) has emerged as a promising assessment tool of the optic nerve and orbital arterial supply in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Objective

To evaluate optic nerve diameter (OND), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and orbital hemodynamics using TOS in MS patients.

Methods

Forty MS patients and 28 matched healthy controls were included. Thirty-three eyes with previous optic neuritis (ON) and 47 eyes without previous ON of MS patients were examined. All subjects were submitted to assessment of OND, ONSD, and parameters of orbital hemodynamics using orbital ultrasound.

Results

OND and ONSD were smaller in MS eyes with previous ON than in controls. MS eyes with and without previous ON had statistically significant higher peak systolic and mean velocity of posterior ciliary arteries than the control eyes. Orbital blood flow velocities were negatively correlated with the duration of disease and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). A statistically significant decrease in blood flow velocities of the central retinal artery was detected in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients than in relapsing-remitting MS patients (RRMS).

Conclusion

TOS can be used as a feasible tool to detect optic atrophy in MS patients. MS patients may have abnormal retrobulbar hemodynamics compared to healthy controls.
On the rock-physics basis for seismic hydrocarbon detection
Authors: Jiang Lian , Castagna John P.
Published: September 2019

One of the primary fluid indicators for direct hydrocarbon detection in sandstones using seismic reflectivity is the difference between the saturated-rock P-wave impedance and the rock-frame impedance. This can be expressed in terms of the difference between the observed P-wave impedance squared and a multiplier times the square of the observed S-wave impedance. This multiplier is a fluid discrimination parameter that laboratory and log measurements suggest varies over a wide range. Theoretically, this parameter is related to the ratio of the frame bulk and shear moduli and the ratio of the frame and fluid-saturated rock densities. In practice, empirical determination of the fluid discrimination parameter may be required for a given locality. Given sufficient data for calibration, the parameter can be adjusted so as to best distinguish hydrocarbon-saturated targets from brine-saturated rocks. Using an empirically optimized fluid discrimination parameter has a greater impact on hydrocarbon detection success rate in the oil cases studied than for gas reservoirs, for which there is more latitude. Application to a wide variety of well-log and laboratory measurements suggests that the empirically optimized parameter may differ from direct theoretical calculations made using Gassmann’s equations. Combining laboratory and log measurements for sandstones having a broad range of frame moduli, varying from poorly consolidated to highly lithified, reveals a simple linear empirical relationship between the optimized fluid discrimination parameter and the squared velocity ratio of brine-saturated sandstones.
Moment tensors of double-couple microseismic sources in anisotropic formations
Authors: Grechka Vladimir
Published: September 2019

Moment tensors of kinematically double-couple microseismic events triggered in anisotropic formations are known to exhibit non-double-couple focal mechanisms. The weak anisotropy approximation of these mechanisms reveals the combinations of anisotropy coefficients of vertically transversely isotropic and orthorhombic focal regions responsible for the deviations of moment tensors from double couples. Numerical examples for models of typical unconventional shales indicate the non-double-couple components of moment tensors to be sufficiently large to cause misinterpretation of the nature of ruptures associated with hydraulic fracturing.
Association Between Power Morcellation and Mortality in Women With Unexpected Uterine Cancer Undergoing Hysterectomy or Myomectomy
Authors: Xu Xiao , Lin Haiqun , Wright Jason D. , Gross Cary P. , Boscoe Francis P. , Hutchison Lindsey M. , Schwartz Peter E. , Desai Vrunda B.
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

Despite concerns that power morcellation may adversely affect prognosis of patients with occult uterine cancer, empirical evidence has been limited and inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to determine whether uncontained power morcellation at the time of hysterectomy or myomectomy is associated with increased mortality risk in women with occult uterine cancer.

METHODS

By linking statewide hospital discharge records with cancer registry data in New York, we identified 843 women with occult endometrial carcinoma and 334 women with occult uterine sarcoma who underwent a hysterectomy or myomectomy for presumed benign indications during the period October 1, 2003, through December 31, 2013. Within this cohort, we compared disease-specific and all-cause mortality of women who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy/laparoscopic myomectomy (LSH/LM), a surrogate indicator for uncontained power morcellation, with women who underwent supracervical abdominal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), which did not involve power morcellation. Multivariable Cox regressions and propensity score method were used to adjust for patient characteristics.

RESULTS

Among women with occult uterine sarcoma, LSH/LM was associated with a higher risk for disease-specific mortality than TAH (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.66, 95% CI, 1.11 to 6.37; adjusted difference in 5-year disease-specific survival, −19.4%, 95% CI, −35.8% to −3.1%). In the subset of women with leiomyosarcoma, LSH/LM was associated with an increased risk for disease-specific mortality compared with supracervical abdominal hysterectomy (aHR, 3.64, 95% CI, 1.50 to 8.86; adjusted difference in 5-year disease-specific survival, −31.2%, 95% CI, −50.0% to −12.3%) and TAH (aHR, 4.66, 95% CI, 1.97 to 11.00; adjusted difference in 5-year disease-specific survival, −37.3%, 95% CI, −54.2% to −20.3%). Among women with occult endometrial carcinoma, there was no significant association between surgical approach and disease-specific mortality.

CONCLUSION

Uncontained power morcellation was associated with higher mortality risk in women with occult uterine sarcoma, especially in those with occult leiomyosarcoma.
Multiplexed RNAscope and immunofluorescence on whole-mount skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells
Authors: Kann Allison P. , Krauss Robert S.
Published: September 2019

Skeletal muscle myofibers are large syncytial cells comprising hundreds of myonuclei, and in situ hybridization experiments have reported a range of transcript localization patterns within them. While some transcripts are uniformly distributed throughout myofibers, proximity to specialized regions can affect the programming of myonuclei and functional compartmentalization of transcripts. Established techniques are limited by a lack of both sensitivity and spatial resolution, restricting the ability to identify different patterns of gene expression. In this study, we adapted RNAscope fluorescent in situ hybridization technology for use on whole-mount primary myofibers, a preparation that isolates single myofibers with their associated muscle stem cells (SCs) remaining in their niche. This method can be combined with immunofluorescence, enabling an unparalleled ability to visualize and quantify transcripts and proteins across the length and depth of skeletal myofibers and their associated SCs. Using this approach, we demonstrate a range of potential uses, including the visualization of specialized transcriptional programming within myofibers, tracking activation-induced transcriptional changes, quantification of SC heterogeneity, and evaluation of SC niche factor transcription patterns.
The lncRNA hsrω regulates arginine dimethylation of human FUS to cause its proteasomal degradation in Drosophila
Authors: Lo Piccolo Luca , Mochizuki Hideki , Nagai Yoshitaka
Published: September 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have structural and regulatory effects on RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate the neurodegenerative-causative RBP like FUS protein remain poorly understood. Here, we show that knockdown of the Drosophila lncRNA hsrω causes a shift in the methylation status of human FUS from mono- (MMA) to di-methylated (DMA) arginine via upregulation of the arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, known as ART5 in flies). We found this novel regulatory role to be critical for FUS toxicity since the PRMT5-dependent dimethylation of FUS is required for its proteasomal degradation and causes a reduction of high levels of FUS. Moreover, we show that an increase of FUS causes a decline of both PRMT1 (known as ART1 in flies) and PRMT5 transcripts, leading to an accumulation of neurotoxic MMA-FUS. Therefore, overexpression of either PRMT1 or PRMT5 is able to rescue the FUS toxicity. These results highlight a novel role of lncRNAs in post-translation modification (PTM) of FUS and suggest a causal relationship between lncRNAs and dysfunctional PRMTs in the pathogenesis of FUSopathies.
Analysis and characterization of extra virgin olive oils
Authors: Checchetti Andrea , Martano Donato , Veltri Rosagnela
Published: September 2019

Samples of extra virgin olive oils obtained from the olive trees of the territory of San Giovanni in Fiore (CS), Italy, and samples common brands of extra virgin olive oils sold on the national territory, have been analysed according to EU regulation n. 61/2011 of the Commission of 24 January 2011. The extra virgin oils examined were characterized by investigating their acidity, the number of peroxides, the rancidity, and the spectrophotometric parameters that provide useful elements for assessing the composition and the quality. Furthermore, the infrared analysis provides useful data that help carry out quality control.
Ο θόρυβος στην καθημερινότητα των μαθητών: Μετρήσεις και καταγραφή
Authors: Κακουλίδη Π. , Καραχάλιου Χ. , Καταπόδη Ν. , Κονιδάρη Α. , Νιάρος Γ. , Πέττας Δ. , Πρωτοπαπά Α. Ε. , Σγουράκη Δ. , Σοφιανόπουλος Ι. , Στεργιόπουλος Γ. , Συριοπούλου Μ. , Χριστόπουλος Γ. , Ασημακόπουλος Α. , Βοζαΐτη Λ. Μ. , Γαλάνη Α. Μ. , Γρίβας Δ. , Δροσοπούλου Α. , Καλλιντέρη Μ. , Καραθανάση Α. , Μαντά Π. , Μαρούδας Β. , Παλαιού Μ. , Παπαδόπουλος Λ. , Παπαδοπούλου Β. , Πεγιάζης Γ. , Μαντάς I.
Published: September 2019

Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία διενεργήθηκε στο πλαίσιο συνεργασίας δύο Ομίλων Δημιουργικότητας και Αριστείας που υλοποιούνται κατά το τρέχον σχολικό έτος (2016 – 2017) στο Πειραματικό Γυμνάσιο Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Του Ομίλου Γλώσσας και Πληροφορικής (Λόγου Τέχνη ΙΙΙ) και του Ομίλου Φυσικών Επιστημών. Εστιάζει στην μέτρηση και καταγραφή της έντασης των ηχητικών δραστηριοτήτων που βιώνει στην καθημερινή του ζωή ένας έφηβος μαθητής στο περιβάλλον που δραστηριοποιείται (τόπος κατοικίας, σχολείο). Ο σκοπός μας είναι να διερευνήσουμε αν και κατά πόσο αυτές οι δραστηριότητες ξεπερνούν τα επιτρεπτά, για την υγιεινή, όρια όπως έχουν καθοριστεί μέσα από την επιστημονική βιβλιογραφία και έρευνα (Alton – Everest & Pohlmann (2009), Σκαρλάτος, Δ. (2008).Η μέτρηση της ακουστικής έντασης στον τόπο διαμονής των μαθητών (στον ευρύτερο μητροπολιτικό τομέα της Πάτρας) και του σχολείου μας στηρίζεται σε μία απλή, αλλά επιστημονικά αποδεκτή μεθοδολογία: 25 μαθητές γυμνασίου έπαιξαν το ρόλο του μηχανικού ήχου και χρησιμοποιώντας το κινητό τους τηλέφωνο ως ηχόμετρο (εφοδιασμένο με την κατάλληλη, κοινή σε όλους, εφαρμογή λογισμικού) κατέγραψαν τα επίπεδα της ακουστικής έντασης στην περιοχή ευθύνης τους σε συγκεκριμένες (κοινές σε όλους) ώρες της καθημερινής τους δραστηριότητας. Τα αποτελέσματα αναλύθηκαν και οδήγησαν στο συμπέρασμα ότι οι συγκεκριμένοι μαθητές δραστηριοποιούνται στην καθημερινότητά τους σε σχετικά ήσυχο, εντός των επιτρεπτών ορίων, ακουστικό περιβάλλον και μόνο σε μεμονωμένες περιπτώσεις υφίστανται ιδιαίτερα ισχυρές στάθμες ακουστικής έντασης.
Χρήση πλακέτας Arduino για την μελέτη παραγόντων επηρεασμού του ανθρώπινου χρόνου αντίδρασης
Authors: Μαραζιώτη Κωνσταντίνα , Κρέτση-Σιαμπαλιώτη Αικατερίνη-Ζωή , Μαντζάκου Γεωργία , Καλαντζή Κατερίνα , Σχοινάς Δημήτριος-Παναγιώτης
Published: September 2019

Η παρούσα εργασία έχει ως στόχο την μελέτη της επίδρασης διαφόρων παραγόντων (π.χ. οπτικό και ακουστικό ερέθισμα, φύλο, ηλικία, δεξιόχειρες και αριστερόχειρες) στον ανθρώπινο χρόνο αντίδρασης με την χρήση «ανοιχτών» τεχνολογιών χαμηλού κόστους. Η μεθοδολογία περιλαμβάνει τον προγραμματισμό κυκλώματος που συνδυάζει την χρήση αισθητήρα θερμοκρασίας, λυχνίας LED, ηχείου, κουμπιού και μιας πλακέτας ανάπτυξης αυτοματισμών ARDUINO για την δημιουργία των ερεθισμάτων και την καταγραφή του χρόνου αντίδρασης των ατόμων. Για την συγγραφή του προγράμματος χρησιμοποιήθηκε η γλώσσα C και το περιβάλλον προγραμματισμού της πλακέτας ARDUINO. Το δείγμα των ατόμων έχει επιλεχθεί με σκοπό την μελέτη δεξιόχειρων και αριστερόχειρων που προέρχονται από διαφορετικές ηλικιακές ομάδες και από διαφορετικά φύλα. Τα αποτελέσματα των μετρήσεων παρουσιάζονται σε συγκριτικά διαγράμματα και εξάγονται συμπεράσματα σχετικά με τους κυριότερους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν τον χρόνο αντίδρασης των ατόμων σε συγκεκριμένα ερεθίσματα.
Επιπτώσεις της κλιματικής αλλαγής στη δημόσια υγεία, επιδημίες τον 21αι.
Authors: Μούλιος Νίκος , Φερεντίνου Ελευθερία
Published: September 2019

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής στην δημόσια υγεία και, ειδικότερα, στη διάδοση μολυσματικών ασθενειών με τη μορφή επιδημιών και πανδημιών. Τα δύο κύρια ερευνητικά ερωτήματα που μας απασχολούν είναι: α) Πώς η κλιματική αλλαγή επηρεάζει την εξάπλωση επιδημιών; β) Τι είδους μέτρα ενδείκνυνται για την αποτροπή των επιδημιών; Γίνεται επισκόπηση της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας (Εκθέσεις Διεθνών Οργανισμών και φορέων δημόσιας υγείας, επιστημονική αρθρογραφία, συγγράμματα) και εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων. Στη συνέχεια, ερευνάται η επίδραση της κλιματικής αλλαγής στην εξάπλωση των ασθενειών και τη δυνατότητα περιορισμού των επιπτώσεων, με τη χρήση του λογισμικού προσομοίωσης Πολύπλοκων Συστημάτων "NetLogo". Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται οι στόχοι για την προστασία της δημόσιας υγείας από τις επιπτώσεις της κλιματικής αλλαγής, τους οποίους προτείνει η ερευνητική ομάδα.
Ο ‘αριθμός’ ως δομικό στοιχείο του πολιτισμού και των μαθηματικών
Authors: Γαλανός Σταμάτης , Γεωργούλιας Αλέξανδρος , Γιάππας Χαράλαμπος , Γκογιάννος Ιωσήφ
Published: September 2019

Τα μαθηματικά αναγνωρίζονται ως η επιστήμη που ασχολείται με τη μελέτη των αριθμών και των ιδιοτήτων τους. Οι αριθμοί και οι υπολογισμοί διαπερνούν τον πολιτισμό μας. Η οικονομία, η τεχνολογία και η επιστήμη εξαρτώνται από της χρήση των αριθμών. Η εργασία εστιάζει στην έννοια του αριθμού και την εξελικτική της πορεία από τον ‘αριθμό’ ως δομικό στοιχείο της πρωτόγονης αρίθμησης προς την έννοια του ‘αριθμού’ ως δομικό στοιχείο ανάπτυξης και εξέλιξης των συστημάτων αρίθμησης. Επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση της έννοιας του αριθμού όχι μόνο ως δομικό στοιχείο των μαθηματικών, αλλά και ως έννοια που σχετίζεται με την ανθρώπινη φύση και ως δομικό στοιχείο πολιτισμού.
Χρήση και Ασφάλεια Διαδικτύου
Authors: Πετράκη Ευθυμία , Παπαϊωάννου Βασιλική , Μουρατίδου Βασιλική
Published: September 2019

Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετήθηκε η χρήση του διαδικτύου στους  μαθητές της Α, Β, Γ  Γυμνασίου σε κεντρικό Γυμνάσιο της πόλης του Αγρινίου. Διανεμήθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο κλειστού τύπου και τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα  αφορούσαν την ασφάλεια στα κοινωνικά δίκτυα, τις ώρες ενασχόλησης  των εφήβων στο διαδίκτυο, την χρήση των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης, τον εκφοβισμό μέσου διαδικτύου, τον τρόπο πρόσβασής τους, την ηλικία έναρξης χρήσης του διαδικτύου  και τις δραστηριότητές τους. Η μέθοδος της έρευνας είναι η εμπειρική .Διανεμήθηκε ερωτηματολόγιο κλειστού τύπου από  το Δεκέμβριο του 2016 μέχρι τον Ιανουάριο 2017.Τα  αποτελέσματα της έρευνας αναλύθηκαν με απώτερο σκοπό να προταθούν λύσεις αντιμετώπισης προς ολόκληρη τη μαθητική κοινότητα.
Τοξική Ομορφιά: Διερεύνηση Στάσεων και Πειραματικός Έλεγχος της Τοξικότητας Προϊόντων Ομορφιάς
Authors: Πανούση Λυγερή- Αθηνά , Παππά Βασιλική , Νικήτα Βενετία
Published: September 2019

Η καταγραφή κρυμμένων πηγών τοξικότητας και η ανάδειξη των συνεπειών τους για τον ανθρώπινο οργανισμό αποτελεί το πρώτο βήμα σε μια προσπάθεια ενημέρωσης των εφήβων κοριτσιών σχετικά με τις βιολογικές επιδράσεις κοινών προϊόντων ομορφιάς. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζεται η διερεύνηση των στάσεων εφήβων μαθητριών όσον αφορά την τοξικότητα καλλυντικών προϊόντων και ο μερικός πειραματικός έλεγχος της τοξικότητας ορισμένων από τα προϊόντα που χρησιμοποιούνται από τις ίδιες μαθήτριες με μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα. Αρχικά σχεδιάστηκαν κατάλληλα ερωτηματολόγια, τα οποία μοιράστηκαν σε ένα τυχαίο δείγμα μαθητριών 14-17 ετών στο κέντρο της Θεσσαλονίκης. Τη συλλογή των ερωτηματολογίων ακολούθησε η στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων, από τα οποία προέκυψαν στοιχεία σχετικά με τα πιο κοινά χρησιμοποιούμενα προϊόντα ομορφιάς, τις γνώσεις των μαθητριών σχετικά με την τοξικότητα των προϊόντων και τις επιπτώσεις στον άνθρωπο, καθώς και τη στάση τους απέναντι στη χρήση φυτικών προϊόντων έναντι χημικών. Στη συνέχεια έγινε επιλογή τριών προϊόντων ομορφιάς που χρησιμοποιούνται από το δείγμα των μαθητριών πιο συχνά. Τα προϊόντα αυτά ελέγχθηκαν για τα επίπεδα της τοξικότητάς τους στο εργαστήριο βιολογίας, με καλλιέργεια κυττάρων παρουσία διαφορετικών συγκεντρώσεων των προϊόντων και με παρατήρηση της βιωσιμότητας και της ηθολογίας εντόμων σε περιβάλλοντα με υψηλή συγκέντρωση των προϊόντων. Από τα δεδομένα, σε συνδυασμό με αντίστοιχες βιβλιογραφικές αναφορές, εξάχθηκαν συμπεράσματα σχετικά με την τοξικότητα των συγκεκριμένων προϊόντων και πιθανές επιπτώσεις στους πολυκύτταρους οργανισμούς και στον άνθρωπο.
Ραδιενέργεια σε μεγάλο αστικό κέντρο… μύθος ή πραγματικότητα;
Authors: Παυλίδου Δήμητρα-Ελένη , Τσαπκίνης Χρήστος-Ευάγγελος , Πάλλας Αναστάσιος
Published: September 2019

Η ειδησεογραφία κάνει λόγο συχνά, αν και τις περισσότερες φορές υπονοεί, για διάφορες πηγές ραδιενέργειας που βρίσκονται στον αστικό ιστό των πόλεων και πιθανόν να δημιουργούν περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα υπερβαίνοντας τα επιτρεπτά όρια. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση των πιθανών πηγών ραδιενέργειας και πιο συγκεκριμένα η εύρεση απαντήσεων στα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα, πού, και πόση ραδιενέργεια υπάρχει σε μια μεγάλη αστική πόλη, όπως η Θεσσαλονίκη με σκοπό την ενημέρωση του κοινού και των δημόσιων υπηρεσιών για τη λήψη πιθανών μέτρων προστασίας. Για την απάντηση των παραπάνω ερωτημάτων σχεδιάστηκε ένα ερευνητικό πλάνο, με βάση ένα οικονομικό, τεχνολογικά ανεπτυγμένο αλλά και αξιόπιστο εργαλείο συλλογής δεδομένων όπως είναι ο μικροελεγκτής Arduino, με τη βοήθεια του αισθητήρα Geiger. Για μεγαλύτερη ακρίβεια και αξιοπιστία των μετρήσεων ο παραπάνω αισθητήρας βαθμονομήθηκε με βάση τα επαγγελματικά όργανα που διαθέτει ιδιωτικό αντικαρκινικό κέντρο. Οι μετρήσεις ήταν συστηματικές και διήρκεσαν δεκαπέντε μέρες με τα αποτελέσματα να επιβεβαιώνουν εν μέρει τη σχετική ειδησεογραφία, αλλά και να αναδεικνύουν ταυτόχρονα τον αισθητήρα Geiger για Arduino ως ένα οικονομικά προσιτό και αξιόπιστο όργανο μέτρησης της ραδιενέργειας.
Η μουσική και η καρδιά μας
Authors: Μακρής Γεώργιος Β. , Σαπουντζάκης Μάριος-Παντελής , Γαβρίλη Ειρήνη-Μαρία , Τρανίδου Αντιγόνη
Published: September 2019

Θα μπορούσε η μουσική να επηρεάσει την καρδιά μας; Αν ναι, πώς; Για την εργασία αυτή διεξήγαμε μια έρευνα σχετικά με τη μουσική και τις επιδράσεις της στην αρτηριακή πίεση και τον καρδιακό ρυθμό, εξετάζοντας έναν αριθμό ατόμων. Εν τέλει, τεκμηριώσαμε τα αποτελέσματα ερευνώντας σχετική βιβλιογραφία, ελληνική και ξενόγλωσση.