bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splicing System in Automata Theory : A Review
Authors: Khairuddin S H , Ahmad M A , Adzhar N
Published: November 2019

The study of formal language theory rapidly evolves after Tom Head introduce his research on formal language theory in 1987. Splicing system involves the process of cutting and pasting on DNA molecules with the presence of restriction enzymes and ligase, respectively. A mathematical model of the splicing system has been developed by using the concept of formal language theory, which is a branch of theoretical computer science and applied discrete mathematics, and also informational macromolecules. Over the year, theoretical results in splicing systems have contributed to new research in formal language theory focused on modelling of biochemical processes. In this paper, the relation between formal language theory and some related molecular biological terms are explored. In addition, new ideas in the framework of biomolecular science, for example, the design of automated enzymatic processes are then discussed. Then, a mutual relation that exist in these field is then explained. The regular language can be implemented in the splicing system to show the DFA structure in the splicing system.
On the generalized Radimacher-Menchoff Theorem for general spectral decomposition of the elliptic differential operators
Authors: Ahmedov Anvarjon , Matarneh Ehab , Abd Sathar Mohammad Hasan bin
Published: November 2019

The spectral decompositions of elliptic operators are considered. An analogue of the Radimacher-Menchoff Theorem for general spectral expansions corresponding to a self-adjoint extension of elliptic operators is obtained. The theorem obtained allows us to obtain a result on the almost everywhere convergence of the spectral decompositions from the Liouville classes. The estimation of the maximal operator corresponding to the spherical sums of multiple Fourier series from Liouville classes

L
p
α

(

T
N

)

, 1 ⩽ p ⩽ 2, is derived.
On the relation between CT-Groups and NSP-Groups on finite Groups
Authors: Al-Jamal Khaled mustafa , Ab Ghani Ahmad Termimi
Published: November 2019

AsubgroubHof a finite group is calledC-normal if there exisit a normal subgroupNofGsuch thatG=HNandH∩Nis subgroub of the core ofHinG. A subgroupHofGis called nearlyS-permutable inGif for every primepsuch that (p,|H|)=1 and for every subgroupKofGcontainingHthe normalizerNK(H) contains some Sylowp-subgroup ofK.The aim of this paper is to study these concepts and show that there one classes where these concepts coincide and classes for which these concepts are different. Moreover,some examples and properties relatied to these subgroubs are discussed in this paper.
On Generalized Derivations of some classes of finite dimensional algebras
Authors: Husain Sh. K. Said , Basri W. , Abdulkadir A.
Published: November 2019

In this paper we investigated the concept of generalized derivations of finite dimensional algebras and their properties. The definition of the generalized derivation depends on some parameters and in particular on values of the parameters, we obtain classical concept of derivation and its generalizations. We use an algorithm for calculating the generalized derivations of Lie and Leibniz algebras.
Four-Point EGSOR Iteration for the Grünwald Implicit Finite Difference Solution of One-Dimensional Time-Fractional Parabolic Equations
Authors: Muhiddin F A , Sulaiman J , Sunarto A
Published: November 2019

In this paper, our main concerned is on the application of the formulation of a four-point explicit group successive over-relaxation (4EGSOR) iterative method in solving one-dimensional time-fractional parabolic equations based on the second-order Grünwald implicit approximation equation. The formulation of the 4EGSOR method is constructed by using the implicit approximation equation which is derived by the Grunwald derivative operator and the implicit finite difference discretization scheme. In order to access the performance results of the 4EGSOR iterative method, another block and point iterative methods which are the four-point EGGS (4EGGS) and the Gauss-Seidel (GS) were also presented as control methods. The results of three numerical experiments show substantial improvement in terms of the number of iterations and execution time.
Bat Algorithm for Solving Molecular Docking of Alkaloid Compound SA2014 Towards Cyclin D1 Protein in Cancer
Authors: Fernando Fedric , Irawan Mohammad Isa , Fadlan Arif
Published: November 2019

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics, and statistic to analyze and interpret biological data. Recently, bioinformatics had an important role in drug discovery. One of the steps for drug discovery is molecular docking. Molecular docking mimics the interaction between ligand and the target protein for in-vitro testing. Solving molecular docking problem isn’t an easy task, because molecular docking involves many degrees of freedom. A lot of methods had been applied for this problem, one of them is artificial intelligence. This research will study the usage of bat algorithm in solving the molecular docking problem. Bat algorithm is an algorithm that uses the characteristic of the bats in searching prey. The research will solve the molecular docking of alkaloid compound SA2014 towards cyclin D1 protein in cancer. Alkaloid compound SA2014 is isolated from marine spongeCinachyrella anomala. The objective function for this problem will be to minimize the binding energy, the lower energy means the bound of protein and ligand will be stronger. We use root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of protein structures to check the validation of bat algorithm. For validation, we used structure 3ptb and 2cpp. The validation shows that the bat algorithm is a valid method to solve the molecular docking problem because of the RMSD is not over 2Å and the free binding energy is negative. For docking SA2014 towards cyclin D1, bat algorithm shows a negative value -2.217.
A New Robust Estimator to Detect Outliers for Multivariate Data
Authors: Abd Mutalib Sharifah Sakinah Syed , Satari Siti Zanariah , Wan Yusoff Wan Nur Syahidah
Published: November 2019

Mahalanobis distance (MD) is a classical method to detect outliers for multivariate data. However, classical mean and covariance matrix in MD suffered from masking and swamping effect if the data contain outliers. Due to this problem, many studies used robust estimator instead of the classical estimator of mean and covariance matrix. In this study, a new robust estimator, namely, Test on Covariance (TOC) is proposed to detect outliers in multivariate data. The performance of TOC is compared with the existing robust estimators which are Fast Minimum Covariance Determinant (FMCD), Minimum Vector Variance (MVV), Covariance Matrix Equality (CME) and Index Set Equality (ISE). The probability that all the planted outliers are successfully detected (pout), probability of masking (pmask) and probability of swamping (pswamp) are computed for each estimator via simulation study. It is found that the TOC is applicable and a promising approach to detect the outliers for multivariate data.
The Control Chart of Data Depth Based on Influence Function of Variance Vector
Authors: Idris Suwanda , Wachidah Lisnur , Sofiyayanti Teti , Harahap Erwin
Published: November 2019

The concept of data depth has been used for multivariate control charts. One of the advantages of data depth is that statistics constructed independent of the distribution of quality characteristics or is known as free distributions. One of them is depth based on Mahalanobis distance. Individual Mahalanobis distance is essentially formed by the ratio of generalized variance (GV) calculated by not involving the individual to be calculated distances to the mean by GV calculated from the complete data. The Control charts constructed with Mahalanobis Depth can be visualized (exploration) is plot depth over depth, so it is known DD-diagram and create control limits as control chart Shewhart. The main disadvantage of Mahalobis distance lies in GV, the value of GV depends on the sample size and the number of quality characteristics, in addition two different covariance matrices can give the same GV value. Departing from the weakness of GV, this research will be focused on the formation of vector data depth control diagrams (VV), because VV can resolve the GV weaknesses. Based on the simulation study, it shows that both DD-GV and DD-VV control charts give the same pattern in ongoing process of in-control that is forming a straight line through point (0,0) and (1,1), for correlation between weak variables, but for correlation between variables are very strong, the DD-GV control does not expressly state the in control process. The application process control of data in both diagram medical product, indicate that there is a symptom of mean vector or covariance matrix.
Wives influence climate change mitigation behaviours in married-couple households: insights from Taiwan
Authors: Hung Li-San , Bayrak Mucahid Mustafa
Published: November 2019

Mitigating climate change requires collective action of various sectors and on multiple scales, including individual behavioural changes among citizens. Although numerous studies have examined factors that influence individuals’ mitigation behaviours, much less attention has been given to interpersonal influence. Children have been suggested to influence parents’ climate change concerns; however, how the interactions between couples—typically the primary decision-makers in married-couple households—influence each other’s climate change concerns has seldom been discussed. In this study, we surveyed married heterosexual couples to investigate the interdependency of husbands’ and wives’ motivations for behavioural change to mitigate climate change. We found that wives’ psychological constructs, including climate change risk perception, self-efficacy, and gender role attitudes, demonstrated stronger effects on their husbands’ motivation than did husbands’ own constructs on their own motivation, whereas husbands’ psychological constructs did not influence their wives’ motivation. Our results suggest the importance of wives’ role in motivating household climate change mitigation behaviours.
Land suitability evaluation for forestry plants in Tao Lake, Padang Lawas Utara District, North Sumatra
Authors: Samsuri  , Elfiati D , Siregar O S
Published: November 2019

Land use planning process was used to provide alternative and possible land uses as well as management activities needed to ensure land use sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the actual and potential land suitability classes for forestry plants (Mangifera indica, Syzygium aromaticum, Durio zibethinus, Acacia mangium, Nephelium lappaceum, Pometia pinnata, Paraserianthes falcataria) and to map the actual and potential land suitability in Tao Lake, Padang Lawas Utara District, North Sumatra. The evaluation used the matching method and the spatial analysis. The land unit was determined based on spatial analysis which consists of 8 land units and 4 land unit classes. The research showed that based on the actual and potential land suitability classes, land units I to VIII are highly suitable (S1) for Pometia pinnata. Meanwhile, land units I, II, III, V, VI, VII are highly suitable (S1) for Acacia mangium and Paraserianthes falcataria), while land units IV and VIII are moderately suitable (S2) for the same. Land units I, II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII are highly suitable (S1) for Nephelium lappaceum, while land unit III is moderately suitable (S2) for the same. For potential land suitability classes, land units I, II, V, VI, VII are highly suitable (S1) for Durio zibethinus and land units III, IV and VIII are moderately suitable (S2) for the same. The actual and potential land suitability for Mangivera indica including non-suitable (N) class covered an area of 290,496 ha, while the actual and potential land suitability for Syzygium aromaticum including moderately suitable class (S2) covered an area of 290,496 ha.
What is kopi luwak? A literature review on production, quality and problems
Authors: Muzaifa M , Hasni D , Rahmi F , Syarifudin
Published: November 2019

Kopi luwak or civet coffee is known as one of the most popular coffee in the world. This coffee produced from the finest and ripest coffee berries that are eaten by luwak (Paradoxorus hermaphroditus), a cat like-animal. Kopi luwak is currently recognized as the most special and most expensive coffee in the world. Kopi luwak production is initially done naturally by collecting kopi luwak from nature. However, due to the limited number, farmer began to cultivate kopi luwak with captivity (caged kopi luwak). A number of problems arise in production, consumption and trade. Indonesia as the first country to produce kopi luwak certainly needs to pay special attention to the development of this coffee. Some research results show that wild kopi luwak and caged kopi luwak have different characteristics. Kopi luwak production with captivity needs to be well studied so that it can be accepted by the world market. Counterfeiting kopi luwak is still common. Standardization of kopi luwak quality needs to be developed, certification of kopi luwak as a quality guarantee will increase consumer confidence and maintain the continuity of this coffee.
Physical quality change of tempeh during freeze drying
Authors: Marfu’ah S , Karyadi J N W , Akbar M A , Imaniar D I , Hati F I P
Published: November 2019

Tempeh is one of the traditional foods from Indonesia, produced across generation. As the largest tempeh producer in the world, the average consumption per person per year is currently estimated at around 6.45 kg, supported by 81 thousand tempeh-making businesses with a production of 2.4 million tons of tempeh per year. Therefore, tempeh industry has a great opportunity to be developed. The main constraint of tempeh trading is due to its short shelf life. Freeze drying is one of the food drying techniques that can extend shelf life and maintain product quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of freeze drying method drying on the physical quality of tempeh, also to compare the quality of the product from the freeze dryer and dryer cabinet methods. The material used is 1 cm thick tempeh. The freeze drying machine used has stainless steel plate material with a total length of 0.7 m, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high. Drying was conducted at freezing temperature -18°C and heating 60°C at vacuum pressure -76 cmHg. The initial moisture content is 60.22% and after drying with freeze dryer decreased to 1.19% while in the dryer cabinet was 7.52%. The results of the study also showed physical changes namely color using three sample seeds. The average values of colors L, a *, and b * before drying are 73.39; 5.67 and 23.56. After drying, the tempeh color is darker at dryer cabinet.
Physiological Conditions of Decomposition Process and Quality of Compost Based on Beef Cattle Feces Enriched with Azolla sp.
Authors: Setyaningrum A , Amrullah N , Yuwono P
Published: November 2019

The research was aimed to determine the effect of the addition of Azolla sp. on physiological conditions, the kinetics of temperature, and the quality of compost which includes carbon content, and compost organic matter. The method used was experimental with A Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were three treatments that were the addition of Azolla sp. 0% (P0), 10% (P1), and 20% (P2). Each treatment was repeated 6 times, so that the number of experimental unit was 18 mounds of compost. Variables measured were temperature kinetics, levels of organic carbon and compost organic matter. Observations of temperature were carried out on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 at 01.30 – 02.30 pm. The carbon content and compost organic matter of the final compost product were analyzed in the laboratory. Data on the kinetics of temperature were analyzed using Repeated Measure Analysis of variance (RMA), while those of the levels of organic carbon and organic matter compost were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the variance analysis showed a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between the treatment and the days of observation on the kinetics of temperature. The highest temperature kinetics observed for P2 and P1 were achieved on day 4 (54.00˚C and 50.50˚C, respectively), while the highest temperature for P0 was achieved on day 8 (50.33˚C). The temperature of P0, P1 and P2 ranged 27.17-50.33˚C; 28.17-50.50˚C and 30.00-54.00˚C, respectively. Least Significance Different (LSD) results showed significant variations in temperature kinetics. Enrichment of compost with Azolla sp had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the levels of organic carbon and compost organic matter.
Dynamic Responses of Livestock Farmers to Smart Farming
Authors: Guntoro B , Hoang Q N , A’yun and Rochijan A Q
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, livestock has made clear changes in industrial and semi-industrial production organizations or smart farming. The adoption of livestock technology is extremely important to enhance the quality and quantity of livestock products. Besides, technology may help farmers to increase their profit and protect the health of costumer and environment. Advanced technologies in smart farming were widely applied by livestock farmers such as data management, Internet of Things technology, precision farming, agriculture drones, and so forth. Those technologies may make a great livestock system like closed livestock production from breeding to processing and consumption. Moreover, when using smart farming techniques, farmers can better monitor or observe the need for individual animals and adjust their nutrition correspondingly, thereby preventing diseases and improving herb health. There are many benefits from adopting smart farming and also have some obstacles that farmers have to face when they would like to access to smart farming. This paper also gives extensions and innovations for small farmers that can be utilized to facilitate the processing of smart farming implementation.
Total VFA Production and Protozoa Population with Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) Peel Powder Supplementation on In Vitro
Authors: Hidayah N , Rita W
Published: November 2019

Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) peel is a by-product that has not been utilized optimally. Some research reported that jengkol peel had potency as a source of fiber and bioactive compound (saponins and tannins) for ruminant. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of jengkol peel powder supplementation on total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and protozoa population on in vitro ruminal fermentation. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three treatments (2%, 4%, 6% DM) and four replications. The variables observed included total VFA production and protozoa population. Data were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the differences among treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that increasing supplementation of jengkol peel powder increased total VFA production (P<0.01) but did not affect protozoa population (P>0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of jengkol (A. jiringa) peel powder until 6% DM potentially improved rumen fermentation.
Tacrolimus trough monitoring guided by mass spectrometry without accounting for assay differences is associated with acute kidney injury in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Kolaitis Nicholas A , Calabrese Daniel R , Ahearn Patrick , Venado Aida , Florez Rebecca , Lei Huey-Ling , Isaak Karolina , Henricksen Erik , Martinez Emily , Chong Tiffany , Shah Rupal J , Leard Lorriana E , Kleinhenz Mary Ellen , Golden Jeffrey , De Marco Teresa , Greenland John R , Kukreja Jasleen , Hays Steven R , Blanc Paul D , Singer Jonathan P
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Tacrolimus is a nephrotoxic immunosuppressant historically monitored via enzyme-based immunoassay (IA). After 2011, the 2 largest laboratory companies in the United States implemented tacrolimus quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS); this method excludes metabolites, potentially resulting in lower quantified drug concentrations. We sought to determine if tacrolimus therapeutic drug monitoring via LC-MS, as performed using trough targets originally derived from IA values, influences clinical outcomes.

Methods

In a single-center retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients, risks of acute kidney injury, acute renal failure, and new-onset diabetes after transplantation, as well as chronic lung allograft dysfunction–free survival, were compared in 82 subjects monitored by LC-MS and 102 subjects monitored by IA using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, baseline renal function, and race.

Results

LC-MS–based monitoring was associated with a greater risk of acute kidney injury (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–2.67). No statistically significant differences in risks of acute renal failure and new-onset diabetes after transplantation were observed.

Conclusion

Although LC-MS provides a more accurate representation of the blood concentration of the parent compound tacrolimus exclusive of metabolite, established cut points for tacrolimus dosing may need to be adjusted to account for the increased risk of renal injury.
Digital content delivery in a pharmacy technician training program in a health system
Authors: Kelm Matthew J , Bush Paul W
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Development and implementation of a pharmacy technician training program are described.

As key members of the healthcare team, pharmacy technicians are integral to a pharmacy’s operation. Training programs allow technicians to assume roles that support pharmacists practicing “at the top of their license,” assist in providing optimal patient care, and serve as an important tool for retaining trained pharmacy technicians. Duke University Health System (DUHS) launched its Pharmacy Technology Training Program (DUHS-PTTP) within the department of pharmacy at Duke University Hospital in April 2018 to assist in meeting current and future pharmacy technician demand. Candidates are provided with the tools to become certified pharmacy technicians through the completion of an affordable accredited program incorporating didactic, simulation-based, and experiential education. The program’s partnership with a digital content provider enables accelerated start-up, minimizes investment in content creation and maintenance, enables automated record keeping, and provides flexibility for program participants to complete didactic content outside of the traditional classroom setting. Implementation of this program aims to support students both internal and external to the institution. Students are trained to begin a career as a pharmacy technician with the intent of producing graduates well equipped and eligible for certification by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board.

Conclusion

Implementation of a pharmacy technician training program is a logical extension of the demonstrated core training competency of health-system pharmacy departments.
Falsely elevated vancomycin-concentration values from enzyme immunoassay leading to treatment failure
Authors: Singer Bridger , Stevens Ryan W , Westley Benjamin P , Nicolau David P
Published: November 2019

Purpose

A case of vancomycin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) interference confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described.

Therapeutic drug monitoring is standard of practice in vancomycin dosing and monitoring in order to maximize the pharmacodynamic effects and minimize toxicity. After a 52-year-old woman received 5 doses of vancomycin, serum concentrations continued to rise for several days in the absence of ongoing vancomycin administration. Despite persistently elevated vancomycin concentrations, the patient clinically deteriorated and required treatment with an alternative agent. Subsequently, serum concentrations were processed via HPLC and analyzed for percent protein binding. Confirmatory analysis revealed substantially lower concentrations by HPLC than were obtained by EIA and an abnormal elevation in protein binding. After discharge from the index admission, the patient returned 11 months later and had a dectectable vancomycin concentration by EIA prior to receipt of vancomycin. HPLC analysis confirmed the true concentration was undetectable. Though the exact interfering substance was not identified, the above discrepancy in concentrations between the two assay methods indicates the presence of assay interference, and adds to the available literature suggesting similar occurrences. This case is particularly troubling given that the level of interference was not such that it would lead a clinician to immediately suspect interference, and the patient experienced treatment failure.

Conclusion

Falsely elevated values for serum vancomycin concentration, measured by EIA, contributed to treatment failure in a patient. The substance presumably responsible for EIA interferences was not identified.
In peripartum cardiomyopathy plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a potential new biomarker with controversial roles
Authors: Ricke-Hoch Melanie , Hoes Martijn F , Pfeffer Tobias J , Schlothauer Stella , Nonhoff Justus , Haidari Susanna , Bomer Nils , Scherr Michaela , Stapel Britta , Stelling Elisabeth , Kiyan Yulia , Falk Christine , Haghikia Arash , Binah Ofer , Arany Zolt , Thum Thomas , Bauersachs Johann , van der Meer Peter , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise
Published: November 2019

Aims

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening heart disease occurring in previously heart-healthy women. A common pathomechanism in PPCM involves the angiostatic 16 kDa-prolactin (16 kDa-PRL) fragment, which via NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of microRNA-(miR)-146a induces vascular damage and heart failure. We analyse whether the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is involved in the pathophysiology of PPCM.

Methods and results

In healthy age-matched postpartum women (PP-Ctrl, n = 53, left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF > 55%), PAI-1 plasma levels were within the normal range (21 ± 10 ng/mL), but significantly elevated (64 ± 38 ng/mL, P < 0.01) in postpartum PPCM patients at baseline (BL, n = 64, mean LVEF: 23 ± 8%). At 6-month follow-up (n = 23), PAI-1 levels decreased (36 ± 14 ng/mL, P < 0.01 vs. BL) and LVEF (49 ± 11%) improved. Increased N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and Troponin T did not correlate with PAI-1. C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β did not differ between PPCM patients and PP-Ctrl. MiR-146a was 3.6-fold (P < 0.001) higher in BL-PPCM plasma compared with PP-Ctrl and correlated positively with PAI-1. In BL-PPCM serum, 16 kDa-PRL coprecipitated with PAI-1, which was associated with higher (P < 0.05) uPAR-mediated NF-κB activation in endothelial cells compared with PP-Ctrl serum. Cardiac biopsies and dermal fibroblasts from PPCM patients displayed higher PAI-1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) than healthy controls. In PPCM mice (due to a cardiomyocyte-specific-knockout for STAT3, CKO), cardiac PAI-1 expression was higher than in postpartum wild-type controls, whereas a systemic PAI-1-knockout in CKO mice accelerated peripartum cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, heart failure, and mortality.

Conclusion

In PPCM patients, circulating and cardiac PAI-1 expression are up-regulated. While circulating PAI-1 may add 16 kDa-PRL to induce vascular impairment via the uPAR/NF-κB/miR-146a pathway, experimental data suggest that cardiac PAI-1 expression seems to protect the PPCM heart from fibrosis. Thus, measuring circulating PAI-1 and miR-146a, together with an uPAR/NF-κB-activity assay could be developed into a specific diagnostic marker assay for PPCM, but unrestricted reduction of PAI-1 for therapy may not be advised.
Glycoxidative profile of cancer patient serum: A clinical result to associate glycation to cancer
Authors: Khan Hamda , Alouffi Sultan , Alatar Abdulrahman A , Qahtan Ahmad A , Faisal Mohammad , Ahmad Saheem
Published: November 2019

The influence of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the biological processes contribute to the life-changing complications such as progression of cancer, diabetes and other chronic disorders. The receptor of AGEs while interacting with its ligands causes a never-ending irregularity in the cell-signaling communication. Hence, AGEs are considered as an important link between progression and contribution to cancer. This study focuses on the presence and/or absence of oxidative and glycative stress in the serum samples of various cancer patients. During analysis of the early and intermediate glycation product in cancer patient’s sera, our result indicates an increasing trend of both the adducts as compared to normal healthy subjects. Similarly, one of the AGEs i.e., carboxymethyllysine was found to be enhanced in cancer sera as compared to NHS. The binding characteristics of circulating auto-antibodies in cancer patient’s sera against human serum albumin (HSA)-AGEs were assessed through ELISA and furthermore, the maximum percent inhibition against HSA-AGEs was observed as 57–63%, 46–62% and 42–64% in prostate cancer, lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Hence, our result successfully assisted the presence of AGEs in all the cancer patient’s sera though it is not clear which specific cancer is more potent to AGEs.
Synthesis, characterization and gravimetric studies of novel triazole-based compound
Authors: Al-Amiery Ahmed , Shaker Lina M , Kadhum Abdul Amir H , Takriff Mohd S
Published: November 2019

4-Amino-3-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (ATH) was synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared as spectroscopical techniques and elemental analysis. ATH was studied for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in corrosive environment by means of weight loss technique, scanning electron microscopy and the adsorption isotherm. ATH demonstrates a superior inhibition efficiency against corrosion of mild steel. Adsorption data fit well to a Langmuir isotherm model.
Reliability, usability and applicability of the ICD-11 beta draft focusing on hand injuries and diseases: results from German field testing
Authors: Eisele Angelika , Dereskewitz Caroline , Oberhauser Cornelia , Kus Sandra , Coenen Michaela
Published: November 2019

Objective

To test the interrater reliability when using the codes of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 beta draft as well as ICD-10 and to explore the usability of the ICD-11 beta draft and the applicability of ICD-11’s Supplementary section for functioning assessment in hand injuries and diseases.

Design

We conducted a validation study of the ICD-11 beta draft complemented by a single-centre study to collect clinical routine data on functioning.

Setting

German hand surgery clinics.

Participants

Twenty-three physicians coded real-life cases containing diagnostic information on hand injuries and diseases. Additionally, clinical information of 100 patients was coded by 6 physicians and a nurse using ICD-11’s Supplementary section for functioning assessment.

Main Outcome Measures

Physicians coded 210 cases using the ICD-11 beta draft and ICD-10. Krippendorff’s alpha was calculated. Clinical routine data was coded using 38 functioning categories.

Results

Interrater reliability (Krippendorff’s alpha) of 0.67 for ICD-11 coding and 0.71 for ICD-10 coding was obtained, indicating substantial agreement. However, physicians reported a high proportion of problems with ICD-11 coding and slightly fewer problems with ICD-10 coding. The collected data on functioning could be mapped to ICD-11’s Supplementary section for functioning assessment. For some data, however, only unspecific codes were available.

Conclusions

Interrater reliability of ICD-10 and ICD-11 was satisfactory. Training material for ICD-11 is needed to further improve reliability and usability. Future users of ICD-11 should be encouraged to use the Supplementary section for functioning assessment to shed light on the problems patients experience in everyday life.
Trends and socio-economic inequality in public perceptions of healthcare delivery in South Africa
Authors: Booysen Frederik , Gordon Tanja
Published: November 2019

Objective

To assess trends and inequality in public perceptions of healthcare delivery as reported by South African households.

Design

Secondary data analysis of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS).

Setting

Nationally representative weighted sample of South African households.

Participants

28 326 household representatives interviewed during the annual SASAS survey (2007–16).

Main Outcome Measures

Adequacy of healthcare services and satisfaction with healthcare delivery.

Results

On aggregate, 68.2% only of households reported their healthcare needs as being adequately met, while only 54.3% were satisfied with healthcare delivery. In total, only 41.5% of households was both satisfied with healthcare delivery and adequately provided for in terms of the household’s healthcare needs. Adequacy of healthcare provision and satisfaction therewith has however improved rapidly since 2009–10, but overall satisfaction with healthcare delivery has not changed considerably. Public perceptions of healthcare delivery improved with household wealth. Socio-economic inequality in adequacy and satisfaction is pronounced and pro-rich, but inequality in satisfaction has declined significantly since 2009–10.

Conclusions

Although public perceptions of healthcare delivery improved, many poor South Africans’ healthcare needs are still not adequately met. In addition, many South Africans are not satisfied with government’s efforts at healthcare delivery, especially the poor. Further research is required to pinpoint how expectations impact on public perceptions of healthcare delivery and to identify the specific factors that underlie the public opinions expressed in surveys of this nature.
Identifying and predicting multiples based on spread of velocity spectrum
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Gan Lideng , Yang Hao
Published: November 2019

The genesis of internal multiples is complicated and identification is difficult as their velocities are similar to the velocity of primaries, so their residual time is short. The existing conventional methods for identifying multiples are mainly used on a single-common mid-point (CMP) or single line, so the result is indistinct and inaccurate. The concept of velocity spread is proposed, whereby multiples are identified by obtaining the lateral spread of energy clusters on the velocity spectrum. The proposed method uses image segmentation to binarise the velocity spectrum, obtain the spread of velocity, and identify and predict multiples on the plane via attribute spread slicing. In a 3D seismic of Sichuan, the multiples predicted are in good agreement with the known wells. The case shows that velocity spread analysis can quantitatively identify and predict multiples interference, and is complementary to the existing multiples identification method. It can be used to monitor the multiples suppression effect in seismic processing and analyse the interference of multiples in interpretation. In addition, the method has good practicability for evaluating the reliability of reservoir prediction results and reduces the risk of well location deployment during exploration.
Music Therapy With Military Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gooding Lori F , Langston Diane G
Published: November 2019

Music therapy treatment is increasingly being used to promote health, enhance quality of life, and improve functioning in military personnel, but evidence on the use of music interventions with military service members is still emerging. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the available literature regarding music therapy treatment with military personnel by identifying the types of information available, key characteristics, and gaps in the knowledge base. The review was completed using the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A total of 27 publications met the criteria for review. The results included anecdotal reports, white papers/ briefs, case studies, historical reviews, clinical program descriptions, and research studies. Both active duty and veteran service members were represented in the literature, and post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury were the most commonly listed conditions among those served. Music therapy services were offered in both group and individual formats, and drumming was the most common music intervention cited. Most publications accurately represented music therapy, and the historical reviews highlighted the connection between the development of the field of music therapy and the use of music with military personnel. Several gaps were identified, including a lack of specificity in reporting, low levels of evidence, and limited inclusion of women service members.
The role of epistasis and its interaction with environment in fine-tuning heading time in barley
Authors: Christov Nikolai K
Published: November 2019

This article comments on:

Afsharyan NP, Sannemann W, Léon J, Ballvora A. 2020. Effect of epistasis and environment on flowering time of barley reveals novel flowering-delaying QTL allele. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 893–906.
Ventilating the Bearded: A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing a Novel Bag-Valve-Guedel Adaptor to a Standard Mask
Authors: Gavish Lilach , Rittblat Mor , Gertz S David , Shaylor Ruth , Weissman Charles , Eisenkraft Arik
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Emergency field ventilation using bag-valve face mask devices can be difficult to perform, especially in bearded individuals. In view of the increasing numbers of servicemen and civilians sporting a beard or moustache, the issue of finding a technical solution for ventilation in this population has gained importance. We therefore developed a novel adaptor that enables the direct connection of a bag-valve device to a Guedel-type oropharyngeal airway device thereby directly connecting the oral airway to the bag valve, eliminating the need for a face mask. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the bag-valve-Guedel adaptor (BVGA) to the common face mask in healthy bearded volunteers. Methods: This study was a randomized-by-sequence, crossover-controlled trial (NCT02768246) approved by the local IRB (0051-16-HMO). All subjects signed an informed consent before participation. Twenty-five healthy bearded men (age 28 ± 7) were recruited. After randomization, the first group (mask then BVGA, n = 12) began breathing room air through the face mask, followed by 100% O2. After washout in room air, the procedure was repeated with the BVGA. The second group (BVGA then mask, n = 13) began with the BVGA followed by the face mask. Subjects were awake and breathed spontaneously throughout the experiment. Therefore, a Guedel was not used. Physiological and respiratory parameters were monitored continuously. The primary endpoint was the presence of suspected leak as determined by end-tidal-CO2 (EtCO2 < 20 mmHg). Secondary endpoints included tidal volume and safety. Results: The order of device use did not affect the results significantly (p > 0.05 by Mann-Whitney-U test); therefore, the data were pooled. There were no cases of suspected leak while breathing through the BVGA. By contrast, while breathing through a face mask, there were 8 of 25 (32%) and 5 of 25 (20%) cases of suspected leak in air and 100% O2, respectively (air: p = 0.002; 100% O2: p = 0.014 by McNemar test). No adverse events were observed. Conclusions: In bearded individuals, the BVGA provides significantly more efficient (less leak) ventilation compared to a face mask. This is also of particular importance in view of the increasing number of bearded individuals serving in the armed forces. Moreover, since effective ventilation with a mask requires experience, the relatively easy-to-apply BVGA will enable less experienced first responders to achieve higher success rates in this critical phase of treatment. Further studies are planned to evaluate the efficacy of the BVGA in the prehospital setting.
A model of an ion-proton radio pulsar polar cap
Authors: Jones P B
Published: November 2019

A number of previous papers have developed an ion-proton theory of the pulsar polar cap. The basic equations summarizing this are given here with the results of sets of model step-to-step calculations of pulse-precursor profiles. The nature of step-to-step profile variations is described by calculated phase-resolved modulation indices. The conditions under which nulls are present in step sequences are analysed. The change of mean null length with neutron-star surface temperature shows a pathway ending in emission similar to the Rotating Radio Transients. The model accommodates exceptional pulsars, the millisecond pulsars (in principle), and the 8.5 s period PSR J2144-3933. These are considered separately and their emission mechanism discussed in some detail.
NGTS-8b and NGTS-9b: two non-inflated hot-Jupiters
Authors: Costes Jean C , Watson Christopher A , Belardi Claudia , Braker Ian P , Burleigh Matthew R , Casewell Sarah L , Eigmüller Philipp , Günther Maximilian N , Jackman James A G , Nielsen Louise D , Soto Maritza G , Turner Oliver , Anderson David R , Bayliss Daniel , Bouchy François , Briegal Joshua T , Bryant Edward M , Cabrera Juan , Chaushev Alexander , Csizmadia Szilard , Erikson Anders , Gill Samuel , Gillen Edward , Goad Michael R , Hodgkin Simon , Hooton Matthew J , Jenkins James S , McCormac James , Moyano Maximiliano , Queloz Didier , Rauer Heike , Raynard Liam , Smith Alexis M S , Thompson Andrew P G , Tilbrook Rosanna H , Udry Stephane , Vines Jose I , West Richard G , Wheatley Peter J
Published: November 2019

We report the discovery, by the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS), of two hot-Jupiters NGTS-8b and NGTS-9b. These orbit a $V\, =\, 13.68$ K0V star (Teff = 5241 ± 50 K) with a period of 2.49970 days, and a $V\, =\, 12.80$ F8V star (Teff = 6330 ± 130 K) in 4.43527 days, respectively. The transits were independently verified by follow-up photometric observations with the SAAO 1.0-m and Euler telescopes, and we report on the planetary parameters using HARPS, FEROS and CORALIE radial velocities. NGTS-8b has a mass, $0.93\, ^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ MJ and a radius, 1.09 ± 0.03 RJ similar to Jupiter, resulting in a density of $0.89\, ^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$ g cm−3. This is in contrast to NGTS-9b, which has a mass of 2.90 ± 0.17 MJ and a radius of 1.07 ± 0.06 RJ, resulting in a much greater density of $2.93^{+0.53}_{-0.49}$ g cm−3. Statistically, the planetary parameters put both objects in the regime where they would be expected to exhibit larger than predicted radii. However, we find that their radii are in agreement with predictions by theoretical non-inflated models.
Atomic structures of the RNA end-healing 5′-OH kinase and 2′,3′-cyclic phosphodiesterase domains of fungal tRNA ligase: conformational switches in the kinase upon binding of the GTP phosphate donor
Authors: Banerjee Ankan , Goldgur Yehuda , Schwer Beate , Shuman Stewart
Published: November 2019

Fungal tRNA ligase (Trl1) rectifies RNA breaks with 2′,3′-cyclic-PO4 and 5′-OH termini. Trl1 consists of three catalytic modules: an N-terminal ligase (LIG) domain; a central polynucleotide kinase (KIN) domain; and a C-terminal cyclic phosphodiesterase (CPD) domain. Trl1 enzymes found in all human fungal pathogens are untapped targets for antifungal drug discovery. Here we report a 1.9 Å crystal structure of Trl1 KIN-CPD from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, which adopts an extended conformation in which separate KIN and CPD domains are connected by an unstructured linker. CPD belongs to the 2H phosphotransferase superfamily by dint of its conserved central concave β sheet and interactions of its dual HxT motif histidines and threonines with phosphate in the active site. Additional active site motifs conserved among the fungal CPD clade of 2H enzymes are identified. We present structures of the Candida Trl1 KIN domain at 1.5 to 2.0 Å resolution—as apoenzyme and in complexes with GTP•Mg2+, IDP•PO4, and dGDP•PO4—that highlight conformational switches in the G-loop (which recognizes the guanine base) and lid-loop (poised over the nucleotide phosphates) that accompany nucleotide binding.
Current status of official WeChat accounts for public health education
Authors: Sun Mingwei , Yang Liuna , Chen Wanna , Luo Hao , Zheng Kaiqiao , Zhang Yan , Lian Tingyu , Yang Yunbin , Ni Jingdong
Published: November 2019

Background

To investigate the current use status of official WeChat accounts for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in public health education and relevant factors that can impact the effectiveness of message delivery.

Methods

A retrospective survey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of official WeChat accounts. About 531 official WeChat accounts and 50 939 articles were analyzed using a cluster sampling survey design. The Kruskal–Wallis test and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore factors associated with the usefulness of the number of views and “Likes” of the articles.

Results

The study identified a total of 531 public WeChat accounts, including 19 province-level accounts, 179 municipal-level accounts and 333 county-level accounts. In the univariable analysis, the administrative level of the account, article order, time segment, article originality and thematic category were associated with the number of views and “Likes.” Province-level accounts, first articles, the 5:00–6:00 time segment, original articles and theme 3 (emergencies) had higher numbers of views and “Likes” than the others (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Promoting health education through Official WeChat account is an effective, sustainable and feasible strategy. Potential indicators of the impact of public health education suggest that administrators should effectively use official WeChat accounts for public health education.
Association of obstructive sleep apnea and cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Yuhong , Yang Chunsong , Yuan Ruozhen , Liu Ming , Hao Zilong
Published: November 2019

Study Objectives

The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the presence of various neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Methods

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library (from inception to May 2019) for studies evaluating the association between OSA and CSVD, which included white matter hyperintensities (WMH), silent brain infarction (SBI), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and perivascular spaces (PVS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results

After screening 7290 publications, 20 studies were finally included involving 6036 subjects. The sample size ranged from 27 to 1763 (median 158, interquartile range: 67–393). The meta-analysis showed that moderate to severe OSA was positively associated with WMH (13 studies, n = 4412, OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.53 to 3.25, I2 = 80.3%) and SBI (12 studies, n = 3353, OR 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.23, I2 = 52%). There was no association with CMBs (three studies, n = 342, OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.61 to 7.73, I2 = 60.2%) or PVS (two studies, n = 267, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.28 to 8.57, I2 = 69.5%). There was no relationship between mild OSA and CSVD.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that moderate to severe sleep apnea is positively related to WMH and SBI, but not CMBs or PVS, which suggests that OSA may contribute to the pathogenesis of CSVD. Further large cohort studies should be prioritized to confirm the findings.