bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodormancy and Germination Response to Temperature of Pyrus ussuriensis Seeds
Authors: Liu Zhuolin , Li Mingyue , Zhu Meiru , López Rosana , Salomón Roberto L. , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2024

To determine the optimal germination temperature for Pyrus ussuriensis seeds and whether they experienced the phenomenon of thermodormancy and its inciting factors, several germination tests were conducted using non-dormant P. ussuriensis seeds for comparison. The results showed that the highest germination rate of P. ussuriensis seeds was reached at a constant temperature of 5 °C and variable temperature (night/day) of 5 °C/10 °C. Constant temperatures of 25 °C for three days induced thermodormancy, triggering significant drops in seeding emergence. Thermodormancy was related to the inhibitory effect of endogenous substances in the seed coat and an elevated abscisic acid concentration. The embryo, by contrast, remained non-dormant. Thermodormant and non-dormant seed embryos showed higher germination rates than dormant seed embryos when applied exogenous abscisic acid and gibberellic acid. We found that P. ussuriensis seeds showed thermodormancy; thus, during early spring sowing, high temperatures should be avoided to prevent low seed germination capacity. Additionally, applying exogenous gibberellic acid, shading and increasing soil moisture can be helpful to enhance the species seed germination.
Antisense and Functional Nucleic Acids in Rational Drug Development
Authors: Penchovsky Robert , Georgieva Antoniya V. , Dyakova Vanya , Traykovska Martina , Pavlova Nikolet
Published: February 2024

This review is focused on antisense and functional nucleic acid used for completely rational drug design and drug target assessment, aiming to reduce the time and money spent and increase the successful rate of drug development. Nucleic acids have unique properties that play two essential roles in drug development as drug targets and as drugs. Drug targets can be messenger, ribosomal, non-coding RNAs, ribozymes, riboswitches, and other RNAs. Furthermore, various antisense and functional nucleic acids can be valuable tools in drug discovery. Many mechanisms for RNA-based control of gene expression in both pro-and-eukaryotes and engineering approaches open new avenues for drug discovery with a critical role. This review discusses the design principles, applications, and prospects of antisense and functional nucleic acids in drug delivery and design. Such nucleic acids include antisense oligonucleotides, synthetic ribozymes, and siRNAs, which can be employed for rational antibacterial drug development that can be very efficient. An important feature of antisense and functional nucleic acids is the possibility of using rational design methods for drug development. This review aims to popularize these novel approaches to benefit the drug industry and patients.
Enhancing Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities in Bee-Collected Pollen through Solid-State Fermentation: A Comparative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Urcan Adriana Cristina , Criste Adriana Dalila , Dezmirean Daniel Severus , Bobiș Otilia , Bonta Victorița , Burtescu Ramona Flavia , Olah Neli-Kinga , Cornea-Cipcigan Mihaiela , Mărgăoan Rodica
Published: February 2024

The present study investigates the impact of solid-state fermentation on bee-collected pollen using a consortium of Lactobacillus plantarum, Apilactobacillus kunkeei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Another aim is to compare the nutritional and bioactive properties of natural versus fermented pollen, focusing on macronutrient composition, pH, acidity, lactic acid content, and profiles of polyphenolics and flavonoids. Our results indicated significant enhancements in the contents of amino acids, suggesting improved protein content, alongside increases in polyphenolic and flavonoid contents post-fermentation. According to the heat mapping and cluster analysis, increased antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli, were observed in the fermented bee-collected pollen samples, which may have been due to the accumulation of phenolic compounds (e.g., ellagic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside). Furthermore, significant positive correlations of the fermented bee-collected pollen samples with non-essential amino acids were recorded compared with the unfermented bee-collected pollen samples, which may have been due to the fermentation process and the conversion of proteins into free amino acids via proteolysis. Future research could explore the underlying mechanisms, the scalability of fermentation, its application in functional foods, and the health benefits of fermented bee-collected pollen in human diets.
Flexible Polyurethane Adhesives: Predictive Numerical Model Calibration through Experimental Testing at Elevated Temperature
Authors: La Scala Armando , Śliwa-Wieczorek Klaudia , Rizzo Fabio , Sabbà Maria Francesca , Zając Bogusław
Published: February 2024

The thermo-mechanical behavior of polyurethane adhesive joints in wood structures is a crucial aspect that needs to be understood to ensure the durability and safety of timber structures, especially in seismic regions. As mass timber, particularly cross-laminated timber, continues to gain popularity as a building material, it is important to pay special attention to the behavior of connections between the timber elements. The use of flexible polyurethane adhesives presents a promising alternative to conventional mechanical connections in seismic-resistant timber structures. This research highlights the potential of polyurethane-based joints at elevated service temperature, offers a promising alternative to traditional wood joints, and suggests viability for post-fire restoration of wood structures. The response at the interface between wood and polyurethane under flexural stresses is also evaluated, underscoring the broader application possibilities of flexible adhesives in wood construction for mechanical and physical improvements.
Toughness of Natural Hydraulic Lime Fibre-Reinforced Mortars for Masonry Strengthening Overlay Systems
Authors: Almeida João A. P. P. , Barros Joaquim A. O. , Pereira Eduardo N. B.
Published: February 2024

Masonry structures are susceptible to damage and collapse due to seismic actions, a problem in many urban areas. To address this issue, researchers are studying the use of fibre-reinforced mortars as overlay strengthening systems. This study assessed the use of synthetic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres as reinforcement of natural hydraulic lime mortar, focusing on their influence on fresh behaviour and mechanical properties. Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) was chosen for its compatibility with typical older ceramic and natural stone structural masonry and contemporary ceramic brick infill masonry substrates, as well as for the sustainability benefits. The study also assessed the contribution of the PAN fibres to toughness enhancement in the developed formulations. The fresh behaviour of fibre-reinforced mortar (FRM) was found to be adequate for applications with fibre volume fractions below 0.50%. The compressive and flexural strengths were affected differently by the increase in fibre volume fraction, with compressive strength decreasing and flexural strength increasing. The maximum compressive strength of 13.3 MPa was obtained for 0.25% of fibres, while for flexural strength a maximum of 6.70 MPa was achieved with 1.00% of fibres. The compressive and flexural toughness, related to the post-cracking responses, increased with the fibre fraction, and even for fractions as low as 0.25%, an important increment of the capacity to dissipate energy was achieved.
Investigation into Influences of Hydraulic Fracturing for Hard Rock Weakening in Underground Mines
Authors: Cao Xu , Wu Saisai , He Qingyuan
Published: February 2024

The long overhanging distance of hard roofs and long-collapse steps induces a large area of suspension on the working face in underground coal mines, resulting in excessive pressure and deformation on the surrounding rocks of the adjacent roadway in the work face, which seriously threatens the safety of coal mining operations. In this study, in order to study the hydraulic fracturing effects on hard roofs, numerical simulation and in situ tests were conducted. The analysis and comparison of fracturing effects under different hydraulic fracturing parameters were carried out, and the reasonable hydraulic fracturing parameters of the hydraulic weakening of hard roofs were designed accordingly. Based on designed hydraulic fracturing, industrial tests were conducted in the field while stress and deformation were recorded. The results show that hydraulic fracturing could effectively reduce the pressure of the hard roof. Hydraulic fracturing effectively destroyed the cantilever beam structure above the coal pillar, reduced the stress concentration, and moderated mineral pressure at the working face. The proposed methods and obtained results provide theoretical and technical support for the treatment of underground mines with hard roofs.
Effectiveness of Ultrasonic and Manual Instrumentation in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: Are Additional Therapies More Effective? A Systematic Review
Authors: Sabatini Silvia , Maiorani Carolina , Bassignani Jessica , Cotellessa Silvia , Di Trani Giuseppe , Fulgenzi Elisa , Iacono Roberta , Mercogliano Ilaria , Butera Andrea
Published: February 2024

Nonsurgical periodontal therapy aims to remove supragingival and subgingival biofilm to restore periodontal health. This systematic review aims to assess the clinical effectiveness of manual and/or ultrasonic instruments and to determine whether other therapies can improve periodontal clinical outcomes. Case-control, cross-sectional and cohort studies and clinical trials of patients undergoing nonsurgical periodontal therapy with ultrasonic and/or manual instruments (and any adjunctive therapies, such as glycine, erythritol, ozone, laser and glycine) from 2013 to 2023 were analyzed using Pub-med/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. To assess the risk of bias in this review, blinding, randomization, allocation concealment, outcome data and outcome recording were assessed. No differences between treatments were found; all methods, including manual and ultrasound, were helpful in improving clinical parameters (primary outcome). Although the results were mixed, adjunctive therapies seemed to be helpful in the treatment of periodontal disease. The results of this systematic review are consistent with the previous scientific literature and have shown that both manual and ultrasonic instruments are effective in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. This review could not show how complementary therapies could further improve nonsurgical periodontal therapy. For future research, it would be good to standardize the sample with regard to the degree and stage of periodontal disease and to evaluate the risks and benefits of the instruments (manual and ultrasonic scalers).
Research and Development of a Modern Deep Learning Model for Emotional Analysis Management of Text Data
Authors: Bashynska Iryna , Sarafanov Mykhailo , Manikaeva Olga
Published: February 2024

There are many ways people express their reactions in the media. Text data is one of them, for example, comments, reviews, blog posts, messages, etc. Analysis of emotions expressed there is in high demand nowadays for various purposes. This research provides a method of performing sentiment analysis of text information using machine learning. The authors trained a classifier based on the BERT encoder, which recognizes emotions in text messages in English written in chat style. To handle raw chat-style messages, authors developed an enhanced text standardization layer. The list of emotions identified includes admiration, amusement, anger, annoyance, approval, caring, confusion, curiosity, desire, disappointment, disapproval, disgust, embarrassment, excitement, fear, gratitude, grief, joy, love, nervousness, optimism, pride, realization, relief, remorse, sadness, and surprise. The model solves the problem of multiclass multilabel text classification, which means that more than one class can be predicted from one piece of text. The authors trained the model on the GoEmotions dataset, which consists of 54,263 text comments from Reddit. The model reached a macro-averaged F1-Score of 0.50704 in emotions prediction and 0.7349 in sentiments prediction on the testing dataset. The presented model increased the quality of emotions prediction by 10.2% and sentiments prediction by 6.5% in comparison to the baseline approach.
Fixed-Time Aircraft Spin Recovery Control Based on a Nonsingular Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Approach
Authors: Wang Huaji , Wang Xunnian , Zhu Zhenglong , Yan Lai , Yang Yu
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a control strategy to recover from various spin motions to level trim flight conditions, utilizing a fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode approach to minimize altitude loss. Firstly, an integral terminal sliding mode surface is constructed to guarantee the tracking errors of the spin recovery system converge to the origin within a fixed time and avoid the singularity problem. Next, a fixed-time type reaching law is proposed to weaken the chattering phenomenon and guarantee terminal sliding hyperplanes converge to zero in a fixed time. Furthermore, the stability analysis indicates the fixed-time convergence stability of the spin recovery control system and provides an accurate calculation of the settling time. Finally, comparative simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed spin recovery control scheme.
Application of Orthopantomography in the Analysis of Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: García-Boedo Lara , Burgueño-Torres Laura , de Nova-García Manuel Joaquín
Published: February 2024

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility. Considering that orthopantomography is a routine diagnostic test in growing patients, it can be used to analyze bone density in these patients. The study sample consisted of 21 child patients diagnosed with OI, under medical treatment with antiresorptives and for whom orthopantomography was available, analyzed and compared with 20 healthy children. The panoramic radiographs were analyzed and the radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension were measured after first selecting the areas of interest to be studied. The results showed that fractal dimension of the basal cortical bone was lower in the study group, and MCW was lower in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In addition, MCW and fractal dimension were lower with higher number of treatment cycles received. In light of the results obtained, we can conclude that panoramic radiography can be useful in analyzing changes in bone mineral density in these patients throughout the course of treatment.
Permission to Cry—Drifts on Research Based Theatre on Top of an Elephant
Authors: Méndez-Martínez Emilio , Uria-Iriarte Esther , González Parera Montserrat
Published: February 2024

This article aims to propose a critical reflection on what it means to be a professional of drama-based practices. To do so, we promote a process of cooperative creation and research based on our own doubts, contradictions, and concerns about the different roles we play in our practice. The results of this process are presented in artistic form, using dramatic language and metaphor as doors to new spaces for reflection.
The Effect of Helio-Geomagnetic Activity in the Geo-Environment and by Extension to Human Health
Authors: Preka-Papadema Panagiota , Tzanis Chris G.
Published: February 2024

Solar activity encompasses various phenomena within the solar atmosphere, notably including eruptive events like solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) [...]
Probabilistic Assessment of Structural Integrity
Authors: Alzbutas Robertas , Dundulis Gintautas
Published: February 2024

A probability-based approach, combining deterministic and probabilistic methods, was developed for analyzing building and component failures, which are especially crucial for complex structures like nuclear power plants. This method links finite element and probabilistic software to assess structural integrity under static and dynamic loads. This study uses NEPTUNE software, which is validated, for a deterministic transient analysis and ProFES software for probabilistic models. In a case study, deterministic analyses with varied random variables were transferred to ProFES for probabilistic analyses of piping failure and wall damage. A Monte Carlo Simulation, First-Order Reliability Method, and combined methods were employed for probabilistic analyses under severe transient loading, focusing on a postulated accident at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The study considered uncertainties in material properties, component geometry, and loads. The results showed the Monte Carlo Simulation method to be conservative for high failure probabilities but less so for low probabilities. The Response Surface/Monte Carlo Simulation method explored the impact load–failure probability relationship. Given the uncertainties in material properties and loads in complex structures, a deterministic analysis alone is insufficient. Probabilistic analysis is imperative for extreme loading events and credible structural safety evaluations.
A Study of the Associated Risk Factors for Early Failure and the Effect of Photofunctionalisation in Full-Arch Immediate Loading Treatment Based on the All-on-Four Concept
Authors: Uesugi Takashi , Shimoo Yoshiaki , Munakata Motohiro , Kataoka Yu , Sato Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kikue , Sanda Minoru , Fujimaki Michiya , Nakayama Kazuhisa , Watanabe Tae , Malo Paulo
Published: February 2024

Early implant failure occurring within 1 year after implantation has been attributed to various factors. Particularly, early failure can lead to challenges in maintaining a full-arch prosthetic device, necessitating prompt intervention, including reoperation. This study aimed to retrospectively examine implant- and patient-related factors and the effects of photofunctionalisation associated with early failure in patients who underwent treatment using the all-on-four concept in both the maxilla and mandible. We conducted this retrospective study comprising 561 patients with 2364 implants who underwent implant-supported immediate loading with fixed full-arch rehabilitation using the all-on-four concept. We aimed to assess the survival rate within 1 year after implantation and determine the risk factors influencing early failure. The 1-year survival rates after implantation were 97.1% (patient level) and 98.9% (implant level) for the maxilla and 98.5% (patient level) and 99.6% (implant level) for the mandible. There was a significant difference in the implant-level survival rates between the maxilla and mandible, with a lower rate in the maxilla (p = 0.043). The risk factors associated with early implant failure according to the all-on-four concept included the maxilla (implant level) and smoking (patient level). We could not find a significant effect of photofunctionalisation on early failure (p = 0.25) following this treatment protocol.
CCL28: A Promising Biomarker for Assessing Salivary Gland Functionality and Maintaining Healthy Oral Environments
Authors: Kaibori Yuichiro , Tamoto Saho , Okuda Sayoko , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Nakayama Takashi , Nagakubo Daisuke
Published: February 2024

The oral cavity serves as the primary path through which substances from the outside world enter our body. Therefore, it functions as a critical component of host defense. Saliva is essential for maintaining a stable oral environment by catching harmful agents, including pathogens, allergens, and chemicals, in the air or food. CCL28, highly expressed in mucosal tissues, such as the colon and salivary glands, is a chemokine that attracts CCR10/CCR3 expressing cells. However, the role of CCL28 in salivary gland formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the salivary gland structure in CCL28-deficient mice. Histological analysis showed decreased staining intensity of Alcian blue, which detects acidic mucous, reduced expression of MUC2, and higher infiltration of gram-positive bacteria in the salivary glands of CCL28-deficient mice. In addition, CCL28-deficient mice contained ectopically MUC2-expressed cells in the ducts and reduced the expression of cytokeratin 18, a marker for ductal cells, within the submandibular glands, resulting in decreased duct numbers. Additionally, the submandibular glands of CCL28-deficient mice showed reduced expression of several stem cell markers. These results suggest that CCL28 regulates saliva production via proper differentiation of salivary gland stem cells and could be a valuable biomarker of salivary gland function.
Wolbachia Interactions with Diverse Insect Hosts: From Reproductive Modulations to Sustainable Pest Management Strategies
Authors: Hyder Moazam , Lodhi Abdul Mubeen , Wang Zhaohong , Bukero Aslam , Gao Jing , Mao Runqian
Published: February 2024

Effective in a variety of insect orders, including dipteran, lepidopteran, and hemipteran, Wolbachia-based control tactics are investigated, noting the importance of sterile and incompatible insect techniques. Encouraging approaches for controlling Aedes mosquitoes are necessary, as demonstrated by the evaluation of a new SIT/IIT combination and the incorporation of SIT into Drosophila suzukii management. For example, Wolbachia may protect plants from rice pests, demonstrating its potential for agricultural biological vector management. Maternal transmission and cytoplasmic incompatibility dynamics are explored, while Wolbachia phenotypic impacts on mosquito and rice pest management are examined. The importance of host evolutionary distance is emphasised in recent scale insect research that addresses host-shifting. Using greater information, a suggested method for comprehending Wolbachia host variations in various contexts emphasises ecological connectivity. Endosymbionts passed on maternally in nematodes and arthropods, Wolbachia are widely distributed around the world and have evolved both mutualistic and parasitic traits. Wolbachia is positioned as a paradigm for microbial symbiosis due to advancements in multiomics, gene functional assays, and its effect on human health. The challenges and opportunities facing Wolbachia research include scale issues, ecological implications, ethical conundrums, and the possibility of customising strains through genetic engineering. It is thought that cooperative efforts are required to include Wolbachia-based therapies into pest management techniques while ensuring responsible and sustainable ways.
Research Progress of Nanomaterials Acting on NK Cells in Tumor Immunotherapy and Imaging
Authors: Feng Yachan , Zhang Haojie , Shao Jiangtao , Du Chao , Zhou Xiaolei , Guo Xueling , Wang Yingze
Published: February 2024

The prognosis for cancer patients has declined dramatically in recent years due to the challenges in treating malignant tumors. Tumor immunotherapy, which includes immune target inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor cell treatment, is currently evolving quickly. Among them, natural killer (NK) cells are gradually becoming another preferred cell immunotherapy after T cell immunotherapy due to their unique killing effects in innate and adaptive immunity. NK cell therapy has shown encouraging outcomes in clinical studies; however, there are still some problems, including limited efficacy in solid tumors, inadequate NK cell penetration, and expensive treatment expenses. Noteworthy benefits of nanomaterials include their chemical specificity, biocompatibility, and ease of manufacturing; these make them promising instruments for enhancing NK cell anti-tumor immune responses. Nanomaterials can promote NK cell homing and infiltration, participate in NK cell modification and non-invasive cell tracking and imaging modes, and greatly increase the effectiveness of NK cell immunotherapy. The introduction of NK cell-based immunotherapy research and a more detailed discussion of nanomaterial research in NK cell-based immunotherapy and molecular imaging will be the main topics of this review.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Lipid-Specific Interactions with a Fusion Peptide
Authors: Heller William T.
Published: February 2024

The HIV-1 fusion peptide, which is a short hydrophobic peptide from the gp41 coat glycoprotein that participates in the infection of a cell, interacts with model lipid bilayer membranes in a concentration-dependent manner. The interaction of the peptide with the bilayer also strongly depends on the lipid composition. Here, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate lipid-specific interactions that arise shortly after the binding of a less-fusogenic variant of the HIV-1 fusion peptide to a lipid bilayer composed of a mixture of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol. The impact of peptide concentration was also studied. An improved understanding was gained of the lipid-specific interactions experienced by the FP. New insight was also gained into how the peptide concentration changes these interactions.
Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children
Authors: Bianchi Annamaria , Valluzzi Rocco , Crisafulli Giuseppe , Bottau Paolo , Caimmi Silvia , Franceschini Fabrizio , Liotti Lucia , Mori Francesca , Riscassi Sara , Saretta Francesca , Scavone Sara , Caffarelli Carlo
Published: February 2024

Drug-induced anaphylaxis in children is less common than in adults and primarily involves beta-lactams and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Epidemiological studies show variable prevalence, influenced by age, gender, and atopic diseases. The pathophysiology includes IgE-mediated reactions and non-IgE mechanisms, like cytokine release reactions. We address drug-induced anaphylaxis in children, focusing on antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents, and monoclonal antibodies. Diagnosis combines clinical criteria with in vitro, in vivo, and drug provocation tests. The immediate management of acute anaphylaxis primarily involves the use of adrenaline, coupled with long-term strategies, such as allergen avoidance and patient education. Desensitization protocols are crucial for children allergic to essential medications, particularly antibiotics and chemotherapy agents.
The Effect of Radioiodine Therapy on the Prognosis of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with Lung Metastases
Authors: Zhang Shenghong , Zhu Mengqin , Zhang Han , Liu Hanhui , Fan Xin , Zhang Jiajia , Yu Fei
Published: February 2024

Lung metastasis substantially influences the survival of thyroid cancer (TC) patients. This study sought to investigate factors impacting the survival of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with lung metastases (DTC–LM) undergoing radioiodine therapy (RAI) after thyroid surgery. The retrospective study encompassed 609 TC patients with lung metastases. Survival outcomes—specifically, overall survival (OS) and thyroid cancer-specific survival (TCSS)—were examined through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Radioiodine therapy (RAI)’s impact on DTC–LM patient survival was further assessed with the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. Of the 609 TC patients with lung metastases, 434 (71.3%) were found to have undergone thyroid surgery after a median follow-up of 59 months. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), stage IV, and lung metastases associated with other metastases were identified as risk factors for OS and TCSS in TCLM patients. RAI therapy significantly enhances survival in DTC–LM patients followed by primary site surgery under the age of 55, PTC patients, and those with single organ metastases at lung.
Biomimetic Structure and Surface for Grasping Tasks
Authors: Li Jingyang , Yin Fujie , Tian Yu
Published: February 2024

Under water, on land, or in the air, creatures use a variety of grasping methods to hunt, avoid predators, or carry food. Numerous studies have been conducted to construct a bionic surface for grasping tasks. This paper reviews the typical biomimetic structures and surfaces (wedge-shaped surface, suction cup surface and thorn claw surface) for grasping scenarios. Initially, progress in gecko-inspired wedge-shaped adhesive surfaces is reviewed, encompassing the underlying mechanisms that involve tuning the contact area and peeling behavior. The applications of grippers utilizing this adhesive technology are also discussed. Subsequently, the suction force mechanisms and applications of surfaces inspired by octopus and remora suction cups are outlined. Moreover, this paper introduces the applications of robots incorporating the principles of beetle-inspired and bird-inspired thorn claw structures. Lastly, inspired by remoras’ adhesive discs, a composite biomimetic adhesive surface is proposed. It integrates features from wedge-shaped, suction cup, and claw thorn surfaces, potentially surpassing the adaptability of basic bioinspired surfaces. This surface construction method offers a potential avenue to enhance adhesion capabilities with superior adaptability to surface roughness and curvature.
Clinical Potential of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Neurorehabilitation in Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: VanGilder Paul , Tanner Justin , Krull Kevin R. , Sitaram Ranganatha
Published: February 2024

Cancer survivors are at a high risk for treatment-related late effects, particularly neurocognitive impairment in the attention and executive function domains. These can be compounded in pediatric populations still undergoing neural development, which has increased interest in survivorship studies and neurorehabilitation approaches to mitigate these effects. Cognitive training regimens have shown promise as a therapeutic intervention for improving cognitive function. Therapist-guided and computerized training programs with adaptive paradigms have been successfully implemented in pediatric populations, with positive outcomes on attention and working memory. Another interventional approach is neuromodulation to alter plasticity. Transcranial electrical stimulation can modulate cortical surface activity, and cranial nerve stimulation alters autonomic activity in afferent brainstem pathways. However, they are more systemic in nature and have diffuse spatial targeting. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) modulation overcomes these limitations with high spatial specificity and the ability to target deeper brain regions. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of tFUS for modulating specific brain regions and its potential utility to augment cognitive training programs as a complementary intervention.
Integrating Combination Weighting of Game Theory and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Selecting Deep Foundation Pit Support Scheme
Authors: Jin Tianlu , Zhang Peixing , Niu Yuanda , Lv Xiaofeng
Published: February 2024

Deep foundation pit support systems are important for reducing construction risks, to ensure the effectiveness and safety of support engineering, so the selection of a suitable support program is the inevitable requirement for the smooth construction of a foundation pit project. In order to improve the rationality of the support scheme, the analytic hierarchy process and the improved Entropy method are comprehensively used to determine the subjective and objective weights of the indexes, and the comprehensive weights are corrected based on the idea of game theory. Subsequently, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used for scheme selection, thereby constructing a model for optimizing deep foundation pit support schemes. The model is applied to a municipal pipe gallery project in Area A and the optimal support scheme is determined to be the soil nail wall and supporting piles and anchor ropes. The safety of the support scheme and the effectiveness of the selection model are verified through simulation and construction monitoring. Practice has proved the applicability and superiority of the model in dealing with construction projects characterized by ambiguity and insufficient data. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream evaluation methods of the current deep foundation pit support selection, applicable situations, and the influence mechanism of the geological environment are discussed in this paper, which helps to establish a more comprehensive framework for the selection of the support schemes.
Influences of Species and Density on the Horizontal Flame Spread Behavior of Densified Wood
Authors: Zhou Yang , Qiu Wenxi , Zhou Penghui , Wang Zhengyang , Zhang Xiaonan , Mao Xiangyu , Bu Rongwei
Published: February 2024

Densified wood possesses outstanding mechanical properties and serves as a desired construction material for modern timber buildings. However, the limited research on its flame behavior hinders its broader applications. The authors of this paper experimentally and analytically investigated the influence of wood species and density on horizontal flame spread behavior. Densified oak and densified fir were tested. The flame spread rate decreased with wood density in both densified wood types. Their values were close at the same density. The mass loss rate (m˙) of the densified wood decreased with the increase in wood density. The densified oak had higher m˙ due to its lower lignin content. Dimensionless correlations between the m˙ and density were obtained which agree with the experiments. The flame heights (Lf) of the densified wood also decreased with the increase in wood density. The densified oak had higher Lf due to its higher m˙. As the densified wood density increased, the radiation (and conduction) was reduced (and enhanced), but the convection remained constant. The densified oak had lower convection, lower conduction, and higher radiation than the densified fir at the same density. Gas-phase heat transfer was dominant in the flame spread of the densified wood, but conduction was also significant as its contribution can be as high as 70% of gaseous heat transfer.
The Intention of Bridge Asset Management Implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Sastrawiria Risma Putra Pratama , Seigo Nasu
Published: February 2024

The need for effective bridge asset management in Indonesia has become crucial. Currently, the number of bridge assets in Indonesia is continuously increasing, parallel to the rising budget allocations for infrastructure development in the road and bridge sectors to enhance regional connectivity more efficiently. This situation places demands on asset managers to work harder and possess expertise in bridge asset management. However, the reality reveals persistent issues related to the inability of bridge asset managers in various regions to manage their assets effectively. This raises the question of whether asset managers have the intention to implement asset management or what factors might drive their appeal to have an intention towards effective asset management. To address these questions, a survey was conducted involving asset managers and experts to evaluate the current state of bridge asset management in Indonesia. The research findings provide insights into the relationships among factors associated with bridge asset management, such as budget, data, policy, resources, and system, and the intentions of asset managers. The model’s solutions show that data and system are anticipated to achieve effective and efficient implementation of bridge asset management. It is hoped that this research will assist asset managers in Indonesia in enhancing their intention towards better bridge asset management.
An Investigation into the Risk Assessment of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Residential Project Development Utilizing the DEMATEL-ANP Methodology: A Chinese Case Study
Authors: Chen Yongxia , Li Wenna , Wang Xiaomeng
Published: February 2024

Numerous countries are implementing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology to enhance the energy performance of buildings, as new energy sources have attracted global interest. BIPV residential programs are an essential method to alleviate energy stress and promote energy transition in buildings; however, the high level of technology and capital investment required have hampered their marketization. Although certain obstacles have been examined by researchers, there remains a lack of studies concerning risk assessment in the context of the development of BIPV residential projects. Therefore, this study strives to develop a risk assessment model for the development of these projects. First, a risk evaluation index system is proposed by identifying and analyzing the risks associated with the development of BIPV residential projects, following the lines of risk identification–risk analysis–risk evaluation–risk management. Second, the DEMATEL-ANP-gray cluster analysis was utilized to construct the development risk assessment model. Finally, a case study demonstrates that the methodology proposed in this study can effectively solve the issues associated with correlating risk factors and the quantification of the magnitude of risks in the development of BIPV residential projects. This study will serve as a valuable reference for architect-urban developers and engineer contractors to formulate risk governance countermeasures for BIPV residential projects as it provides a framework for assessing the risk associated with their development.
Prevalence of and Impact on the Outcome of Myosteatosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kamiliou Aikaterini , Lekakis Vasileios , Xynos George , Cholongitas Evangelos
Published: February 2024

Background: Limited data exist on the prevalence of myosteatosis (i.e., excess accumulation of fat in skeletal muscles) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted in this context. Methods: We searched for articles published from inception until November 2023 to assess the prevalence of myosteatosis in patients with HCC. Results: Ten studies with 3316 patients focusing on myosteatosis and HCC were included. The overall prevalence of myosteatosis in HCC patients was 50% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 35–65%]. Using the body mass index-based criteria (two studies), the prevalence was 34%, while gender-based criteria (eight studies) yielded 54% (p = 0.31). In Asian studies (n = 8), the prevalence was 45%, compared to 69% in non-Asian countries (two studies) (p = 0.02). For viral-associated HCC (eight studies), the prevalence was 49%, rising to 65% in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated cases (three studies) and 86% in alcoholic liver disease-associated cases (three studies) (p < 0.01). The prevalence of myosteatosis was higher in Child–Pugh class C (3 studies, 91%) than in A (7 studies, 73%) or B (6 studies, 50%) (p = 0.02), but with no difference between Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A (3 studies, 66%), B (4 studies, 44%) and C (3 studies, 62%) (p = 0.80). Patients with myosteatosis had a significantly higher mortality (six studies) (Relative Risk: 1.35 (95%CI: 1.13–1.62, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of myosteatosis is high in HCC patients and is associated with more severe liver disease and higher mortality rates.
One-Step Synthesis of Ultrathin High-Entropy Layered Double Hydroxides for Ampere-Level Water Oxidation
Authors: Jing Jianlei , Liu Wei , Li Tianshui , Ding Xiaoqian , Xu Wenhai , Ma Mengze , Zhou Daojin , Li Yaping , Sun Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

The development of high-entropy anodes, known for their excellent catalytic activity for water oxidation, can depress the energy consumption of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. However, the complex preparation methods and poor stability hindered their practical application. In this work, a one-step co-precipitation method has been modified to rapidly synthesize ultrathin high-entropy layered double hydroxide containing Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Zn. Through the rational selection of metal elements, the stability of the optimized anode under Ampere-level current density has been significantly improved. Compared to NiFe-LDH, the active site leaching of high-entropy LDH is reduced by 42.7%, and as a result, it achieves a performance decay that is approximately eight times lower than that of NiFe-LDH. Experiment results show that the active sites in the high-entropy LDH can maintain a relatively low oxidation state both before and after activation, thus preventing material deactivation caused by excessive oxidation.
Study on the Inhibition of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using Elsholtzia Harchowensis Biochar
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Shiqi , Mei Ziwei , Li Liang , Tao Hong
Published: February 2024

With the widespread application of plant remediation technology in the field of soil remediation, there was an increasing stock of hyperaccumulating plant tissues containing heavy metals, but there was currently a lack of effective disposal methods. In the preliminary research process, researchers used the copper hyperaccumulating plant Elsholtzia Harchowensis to prepare biochar material electrodes and successfully used them in the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) process. Due to the previous research being conducted in aqueous solutions, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the working electrode surface has a certain impact on the Faraday efficiency (FE) of carbon-containing products. In order to further improve the electrocatalytic reduction performance of biochar materials, this study was based on B- and N-doped biochar prepared from Elsholtzia Harchowensis as raw material. The influence mechanisms of electrode surface hydrophobicity and electrolyte components (PC/water) on the CO2RR and HER were studied, respectively. After dropwise coating PTFE on the surface of Cu/C-BN material, the hydrophobicity of Cu/C-BN-PT material was improved, and the effect on the active sites of the catalyst was relatively small without changing the structure and elemental characteristics of the original electrode. In a 1.0 M KHCO3 solution, the Faraday efficiency of H2 in Cu/C-BN-PT material decreased by 20.1% compared to Cu/C-BN at −0.32 V (vs. RHE), indicating that changing the hydrophilicity of the material can significantly inhibit the HER. In a solution of PC/water at a ratio of 9:1 (V:V), the FE of converting CO2 to methane (CH4) at −0.32 V (vs. RHE) reached 12.0%, and the FE of carbon monoxide (CO) reached 64.7%. The HER was significantly inhibited, significantly improving the selectivity of electrocatalytic CO2.
Co–HOAT Complexes Change Their Antibacterial and Physicochemical Properties with Morphological Evolution
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Ding Mengna , Yu Shiwen , Lv Fujian , Zhang Yun , Miao Yingchun , Bian Zhenfeng , Li Hexing
Published: February 2024

Antibacterial coordination compounds have attracted tremendous attention ascribed to their excellent designability. However, how the morphological evolution of these complexes influences their antibacterial and physicochemical properties has never been investigated based on proposed mechanisms. Thus, a series of Co–HOAT coordination compounds synthesized from inorganic to organic cobalt sources were prepared. We propose that with the same HOAT ligand, inorganic Co–HOAT nanosheets possess higher sterilization rates compared with organic Co–HOAT nanoparticles. This is explained by the different steric hindrance of cobalt sources. Relatively small steric hindrance could lead to ample active positions for inorganic cobalt ions to coordinate with both N and O atoms in HOAT. Meanwhile, organic Co2+ ions could only unite with N atoms in HOAT. Furthermore, by theoretical calculation, cobalt ions with adequate coordination sites are beneficial for developing nanosheet morphologies. Meanwhile, the Co–HOAT complexes with a lower density of electron clouds present higher sterilization rates due to the anchoring effect of electrostatic attraction. The proposed mechanism is that Co2+ released from compounds could cause multiple toxic effects to bacteria anchored by Co–HOATs. Finally, Co–HOATs’ behaviors have excellent antimicrobial properties without environmental limitations. In conclusion, the Co–HOATs appear to be a potential antibacterial catalyst in the antimicrobial field.
Exploring the Interplay of RUNX2 and CXCR4 in Melanoma Progression
Authors: Dalle Carbonare Luca , Minoia Arianna , Vareschi Anna , Piritore Francesca Cristiana , Zouari Sharazed , Gandini Alberto , Meneghel Mirko , Elia Rossella , Lorenzi Pamela , Antoniazzi Franco , Pessoa João , Zipeto Donato , Romanelli Maria Grazia , Guardavaccaro Daniele , Valenti Maria Teresa
Published: February 2024

Overexpression of the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) has been reported in several cancer types, and the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has an important role in tumour progression. However, the interplay between CXCR4 and RUNX2 in melanoma cells remains poorly understood. In the present study, we used melanoma cells and a RUNX2 knockout (RUNX2-KO) in vitro model to assess the influence of RUNX2 on CXCR4 protein levels along with its effects on markers associated with cell invasion and autophagy. Osteotropism was assessed using a 3D microfluidic model. Moreover, we assessed the impact of CXCR4 on the cellular levels of key cellular signalling proteins involved in autophagy. We observed that melanoma cells express both RUNX2 and CXCR4. Restored RUNX2 expression in RUNX2 KO cells increased the expression levels of CXCR4 and proteins associated with the metastatic process. The protein markers of autophagy LC3 and beclin were upregulated in response to increased CXCR4 levels. The CXCR4 inhibitor WZ811 reduced osteotropism and activated the mTOR and p70-S6 cell signalling proteins. Our data indicate that the RUNX2 transcription factor promotes the expression of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor on melanoma cells, which in turn promotes autophagy, cell invasiveness, and osteotropism, through the inhibition of the mTOR signalling pathway. Our data suggest that RUNX2 promotes melanoma progression by upregulating CXCR4, and we identify the latter as a key player in melanoma-related osteotropism.
Do Pharmacological Treatments Act in Collaboration with Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment? A Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Tashiro Syoichi , Shibata Shinsuke , Nagoshi Narihito , Zhang Liang , Yamada Shin , Tsuji Tetsuya , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki
Published: February 2024

There is no choice other than rehabilitation as a practical medical treatment to restore impairments or improve activities after acute treatment in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect is unremarkable. Therefore, researchers have been seeking effective pharmacological treatments. These will, hopefully, exert a greater effect when combined with rehabilitation. However, no review has specifically summarized the combinatorial effects of rehabilitation with various medical agents. In the current review, which included 43 articles, we summarized the combinatorial effects according to the properties of the medical agents, namely neuromodulation, neurotrophic factors, counteraction to inhibitory factors, and others. The recovery processes promoted by rehabilitation include the regeneration of tracts, neuroprotection, scar tissue reorganization, plasticity of spinal circuits, microenvironmental change in the spinal cord, and enforcement of the musculoskeletal system, which are additive, complementary, or even synergistic with medication in many cases. However, there are some cases that lack interaction or even demonstrate competition between medication and rehabilitation. A large fraction of the combinatorial mechanisms remains to be elucidated, and very few studies have investigated complex combinations of these agents or targeted chronically injured spinal cords.