bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konaklama İşletmelerinde Çalışan Yöneticilerin Bakım Yönetimi Uygulamalarına Bakışı: Denizli’de Faaliyet Gösteren Konaklama İşletmeleri Örneği
Authors: MUTLU ÖZTÜRK Hande , MERAN Cemal
Published: August 2020

Bir sistemin fonksiyonlarını istenen bir düzeyde yerine getirebilmesi için gerçekleştirilen onarım, yenileme, muayene vb. faaliyetler bakım olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sistemden kastedilen bir fabrika da ki en basitinden en karmaşığına herhangi bir makine veya ekipman olabileceği gibi, bir hastanenin elektrik, su, oksijen, ısıtma-havalandırma vb. sistemi ya da bir otelde ki ısıtma-soğutma, elektrik, su, kapı kilitleme sistemi, havuz vs. olabilir. Otellerde uygulanan bakım faaliyetleri, müşteri memnuniyetinin sağlanması, güvenlik ve işletme giderlerinin azaltılması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bakım faaliyetlerinin bir yönetim anlayışı içerisinde yönetilmesi oldukça önemlidir. Yapılan bu çalışmayla otel işletmelerinde çalışan ve bakımdan sorumlu olan birim yöneticilerinin bakıma ilişkin bakışlarını belirlemek, kestirimci, periyodik, arızi gibi bakım yöntemlerinden hangisinin daha yaygın olduğunu belirlemek, bakım yönetimi uygulamalarını araştırmak ve otel işletmelerdeki bu faaliyetlerin uygulanmasındaki engelleri belirlemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Denizli’de bulunan 3, 4, 5 yıldızlı oteller ile butik konaklama işletmelerinde bulunan yöneticiler oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, katılımcıların en çok önem verdikleri konunun bakım ve izleme faaliyetleri olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bakım faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesindeki en büyük engelin de verimsiz envanter sistemi ve karşılaşılan malzeme ve yedek parça sıkıntısı olduğu görülmüştür.
Nutritive Profiles of a Blend of Balanites aegyptiaca and Sorghum Beer residue consumed by some communities in Uganda: The Case of Karamoja sub-region
Authors: Amegovu Andrew K , Chewere Timothy
Published: August 2020

Sorghum and Balanites (B. aegyptiaca) are drought-resistant crops and wild plants widely consumed in arid and semi-arid part of Africa and Uganda. We determined the nutritive profile and microbial content of B. aegyptiaca leaves, sorghum beer residue, and a blend of B. aegyptiaca leaves and Sorghum beer residue using samples obtained from Moroto district in Karamoja under Standardized Analytical Methods and Procedures. Leaves of B. aegyptiaca, Sorghum beer residue, and blend of the B. aegyptiaca leaves and sorghum beer residue are good sources of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, Ca, Fe, K, Zn and Vitamin B with considerably high levels of Mesophyllic bacteria. The energy content (Kcal), and levels of proteins and potassium (K) did not vary -averaging 115Kcal, 16.5%wt, and 215mg/100g respectively. The levels of aflatoxins and E. coli were low and no salmonella was detected. Sorghum beer residue contained more fat (8% wt DMB), Ca (770mg/100g), Zn (2.4 mg/100g), and total carbohydrate 30.6(%wt) compared to B. aegyptiaca leaves which has substantially higher Iron (Fe) content (46.2mg/100g). B. aegyptiaca enriches the blend with significant amounts of iron and vitamin B, critical for the body immunity. Blending improves the nutritive profile.
STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN GREEK HIGHER EDUCATION: ICTS AS A VITAL TOOL FOR INCLUSION
Authors: Riga Asimina , Ioannidi Vasiliki , Papayiannis Nikolaos
Published: August 2020

The present paper intends to report and analyze ongoing practices and policies with respect to the inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) and/or disabilities into Higher Education in Greece. To achieve this goal, the researchers systematically searched the current literature sources to find out the extent to and the ways in which European priorities set by article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of Inclusion of Persons with Special Educational Needs and/or Disabilities, have been advocated by Greek educational policy within the Higher Education context. Actually, the literature review demonstrates the existing law framework of the Greek national and local policy whose purpose is to promote the development and implementation of digitally assisted services which ought to take into consideration the needs of students with learning disabilities and comply with the international strides calling for a broader inclusive education. The results of this review showed that Greek universities have endeavored to respond successfully to the Greek legislation’s mandates and to fully address anti-discriminatory practice. However, more adjustments and decisive progress steps have to be made in relation to the curriculum and to teachers’ professional training to ensure all students’ inclusion.

 

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ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES REGARDING THE PREREFERRAL PROCESS
Authors: Kizir Mine , Şahin Candan Hasret
Published: August 2020

Informing teachers about identifying students at risk is necessary and important for effective application of interventions in the pre-referral process. The purpose of this study was to determine the adaptations that elementary school teachers did for their students at risk in the pre-referral process and to determine these teachers’ experiences in the process. In this study, the phenomenological design was used to determine the elementary school teachers’ views about the pre-referral process and their experiences regarding the process. In the present study, which was conducted to determine elementary school teachers’ experiences and views about the pre-referral process, three themes were obtained as a result of the analysis of the data collected via the interviews. The themes were as follows: teachers’ experiences and views about the identification phase, instructional adaptations in the pre-referral process and overall thoughts and suggestions regarding the pre-referral process. Informing teachers about the pre-referral process and about what to do in this process will not only help decrease the number of students involved in referral process by increasing the in-class adaptations but also allow keeping the students in the same class who will be able to continue their education with their peers with help of in-class interventions.

 

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COMIC STRIPS AND BOARD GAME AS A MEDIA IN LEARNING ORAL LANGUAGE SKILLS FOR STUDENTS
Authors: Annisa Puan Suri Mira , Nst Rafika Dewi
Published: August 2020

This research aims to find out the improvement of the students’ oral language skills using comic strips and board game as an instructional media in terms of its physical feasibility, design, color, material, images and text by using role-playing. The subject was the 1 st grade students of the English department of Unimed, consisted of 30 students for the field trial.  This research was use classroom action research by Kemmis and Taggart. It was accomplished in two cycles. Each cycles consisted of four steps: planning, action, observation and reflection. The first cycle consisted of one meeting including giving material and pretest. The second cycle consisted of one meeting, given material and post-test. Based on the students' assessment, it was showed that the mean of pre-test was 52 and the mean of post-test was 88. And the higher score was 92.  From the data, it indicated that using Comic Strips and Board Game in learning Oral Language Skills was effective, and the data concluded that the students’ have the improvement in speaking. The results showed that comic strips and board game were very good and feasible to be used as a media to learn oral language skills.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCE SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Handra Hefrizal , Zamzami Zamzami
Published: August 2020

This research is purposed to learn the behaviors of poor households in managing their income for buying cigarettes using data from the National Social Economic Survey of West Sumatera Province in 2013 using OLS method as a tool of analysis.
Results of the analysis show that the cigarette spending in percentage of income in smoker households in West Sumatera Province is very large, far larger than the percentage of spending for education and health. Household cigarette spending is influenced by income factors, cigarette prices, number of adult male household members, area of residence, age category of the household head, and education of the household head.

JEL Classification: D10, D31, P46
Keywords: Cigarette Spending, OLS Regression, Smoking Household, Taste Intervention
Poverty Conditions and Policy Solutions in Banten Province (Data Analysis Years 2009-2013)
Authors: Findi Muhammad , Zulia Veni Lutfiani
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to describe conditions of regional poverty to analyze the factors that affect the level of poverty in Banten province from 2009 to 2013, and to formulate solutions minimizing problems of poverty in the province of Banten. A methods used in this study is regression using panel data. Variables in this study are economic growth, minimum wage, unemployment, and literacy rate. The result of this study show that that significant variables on poverty levels in province of Banten are minimum wage, unemployment, and literacy rate. While variable is not significant to level of poverty in province of Banten is economic growth.

JEL Classification: I30, J30, N30
Keywords: Banten Province, Poverty, Regression Panel Data
The Influence of Ownership Structure and Specific Characteristics To Capital Structure in Public Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Maesaroh Imas , H Angga Sucitra , R Radis Diding
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of ownership structure and the specific characteristics of the capital structure in banks Indonesia. The results showed that partial ownership structure and the specific characteristics of the bank (profitability, size, and credit risk) had no significant effect on the capital structure, while the bank characteristics (expenses management) partially significant effect on the capital structure.

JEL Classification: E50, G10, G21
Keyword: capital structure, ownership structure, specific characteristics of bank
Analysis of Indonesian Tax Revenue
Authors: Wijayanti Amalia , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: August 2020

This study analyzes the long-run and short-run effect of macroeconomic factors, such as real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation rate, exchange rate and government spending on Indonesia’s tax revenue during 1976-2013, by utilizing the Error Correction Model (ECM). The finding of the study demontrates that in the long-run; the real GDP, exchange rate, and government spending affect Indonesia’s tax revenue, except the inflation rate. In short-run, Indonesia’s tax revenue statisically affected by government spending, while others variable do not influence Indonesia’s tax revenue. Error Correction Term (ECT) coefficient is 0.221, explains incompatibility tax revenue occur in long-run is corrected of 22 percent in one period.

JEL Classification: E01, E20, H20
Keywords: Error Correction Model, Macroeconomic, Tax revenue
The Role of Tourism in The Development of Regional Economy: Case Study of The Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province
Authors: Remi Sutyastie Soemitro , Waluyo Sihono Dwi , Muljarijadi Bagdja
Published: August 2020

This study aims to assess the economic role of tourism to the economy of the Province of the Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta. The research model used is the input-output model.

The results showed that the tourism economy of Jakarta contributed significantly to the economy of Jakarta. The restaurant sector in the core sectors of tourism (hotel, restaurant, travel agency services and entertainment services, transportation) have the highest backward linkages and forward linkages as well as power distribution and a high level of sensitivity. In the tourist expenditure structure, the expenditure for sectors that are directly related to tourism highway transportation, hotel and restaurant occupy the highest role.

Sectors that have an impact on the resulting output of the largest tourist expenditure is directly related to the sectors of tourism, namely the hotel sector, followed by the air transport sector, banks, insurance and business services, restaurant and travel agency services. While that get impacted gross value added is the largest hotel, air transport; banks, insurance and business services; restaurant and travel agency services. Which have an impact on wages / salaries is the largest hotel sector, air transport, restaurant and travel agency services. The impact of the tax, which obtained the largest sector was the hotel sector, followed by restaurants, trade and travel agency services. The resulting impact of labor is the hotel sector which obtained the largest share, followed by the restaurant sector, air transport and travel agency services.

The results also show the potential for increased tourism to the economic value of Jakarta which can be achieved by: (1) prepare tourism policy related to trade, the bank sector, insurance and business services sector, the food industry, beverages, tobacco and cigarettes; the electricity sector / gas / water, and the construction sector, and (2) developing the core sectors of tourism with hotel sector priorities, the air transport sector, the sector of the restaurant, travel agency services sector, and the road transport sector.

JEL Classification: H71, L80, L83
Keywords: Input-Output, Labor, Linkages, Multipliers, Taxes, Wages/Salaries
Determinants of Corporate Value (Empirical Studies of Manufacturing Sector 2012-2015 BEJ)
Authors: Suartini Sri , Padikromo Suparno
Published: August 2020

The study aims to conduct analysis themselves and provide empirical evidence that independent variable Managerial Ownership, ownership of Instisusional both partian or simultaneous effect on the value of the Corporation. This research uses the approach of kuantitative with a sample of 50 manufacturing companies registered in BEI during 2012-2015 with purposive sampling method. Then technical data analysis done with test statiistik using multiple regression. Research results showed variable Managerial Ownership and Institutional Ownership affect the value of the company. This finding is interesting that increased value of the company's success depends on the ability of the company to the maximum resources to empower and implement company policies that have been defined not by a factor of incentive Manager and supervision of instituonal.

JEL Classification: G10, G17, G32
Keywords: Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, The Value of The Company
DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY OF NEW AUTONOMOUS ECONOMIC REGIONS IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE, 2005-2013
Authors: Ambya Ambya
Published: August 2020

Euphoria to decentralization and regional autonomy in 2000 seemingly causes the decision makers to provide more priority to allocation and transfer, such as public allocation funds and revenue sharing which provides broad discretion for regional governments to manage the use. The role of specific allocation funds which are able to be a trusted stimulus for reaching the national development target and prioritize externalization from regional public service which is ignored. The allocation of balancing funds has a strategic and primary purpose which is the encouragement of a relatively high economic growth and does not cause inequality. The source of funds of the new autonomous regions other than from locally generated revenue are also from transferred funds from the central government in the form of public allocation funds, specific allocation funds and revenue sharing. Those sources of funding contribute to the creation of regional economy development inequality. Research results show that in the last three years the inequality of economic development in new autonomous regions has narrowed. That condition is sustained by the willingness of public allocation funds, specific allocation funds, and while revenue sharing does not significantly influence economic development inequality in the regions.

JEL Classification: H70, H77, O10

Keywords: Economic Growth, Inequality, Transfer funds
THE IMPACT OF NON-FOOD COMMODITY INFLATION ON CHANGES OF HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IN ACEH PROVINCE
Authors: Yasrizal Yasrizal
Published: August 2020

The relations of inflation and poverty can be seen from the contribution commodities of poverty contributor. Increasing prices on the commodity of poverty contributor leads to declining real incomes and income loss in households causing poverty. The commodity of poverty contributor is dominated by fuel and LPG commodities. The AIDS model is a  development of the Engel curve and Marshall equations derived from the theory of satisfaction maximization. This model uses the budget share of
household on a selected commodity to represent demand variables. This study is an empirical study. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from field research and literature. The study is located in Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. By using an almost ideal model of demand or an AIDS model, it will be seen that household behavior responds to changes in the price of the commodity of poverty contributor. From observation, inflation rate of non food commodity has a big effect on the welfare of Aceh Province community, both for Banda Aceh and Meulaboh households. The on-food commodity inflation has a huge influence to reduce household welfare in
Meulaboh.

JEL Classification: D10, D11, D12

Keywords: AIDS Model, Elasticity, Inflation, Non-food Commodity of Poverty
Contributor.
IMPACT OF CASH TRANSFER ON POVERTY
Authors: Kurniawan Deden Ferry , Susanti Hera
Published: August 2020

This research aims to generate empirical evidence on the impact of cash transfers on Poverty on households in Indonesia, using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel data in 2007 and 2014, and the method of Difference-in-differences with propensity score matching. This study estimates the impact of relief and benefits that do not receive assistance on Poverty. Results are expected to find that the provision of assistance (cash transfers) has a significant impact on poverty in terms of beneficiaries and who does not receive assistance, or viewed from a total of two (beneficiaries and who are not receiving assistance). It is found that the provision of assistance to the people who were targeted as shown to improve the welfare of beneficiaries, but have not been able to exceed the group that did not receive aid.

JEL Classification: I31, I32, I38

Keywords: Cash transfer, Difference-in-differences, Poverty, Propensity Score Matching
POVERTY IN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA (DIY): POLICIES AND EFFORTS TO SOLVE IT (DATA YEAR OF 2010-2016)
Authors: Alexandi Muhammad Findi , Tinambunan Edi Victara
Published: August 2020

This research analyze some factors that influence of poverty level and some formulation policies to solve poverty in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). By 2017 Province of DIY becomes the highest poverty rate in Java Island. The percentage of poor people in Province of DIY is also above the average percentage level of poverty in Indonesia. Therefore our research is conducted on what are the factors of affect poverty and what can be implemented to solve it. This research used panel data and calculated with Ms Excel and software of Eviews 9. The range period of this research from year of 2010 to 2016 with five districts/cities in Province of DIY. The result of the estimation in this research showed that economic growth has positively affect to poverty, while the health facilities, educational facilities and the number of labor agricultural sector have negatively affect to poverty level in Province of DIY.

JEL Classification: I30, I32, I38
Keywords: Economic Growth, Educational Facilities, Health Facilities, Labor Of Agricultural Sector, Poverty
GENDER EQUALITY IMPACT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GROWTH OF ASEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Fairuz Vernanda , Alexandi Muhammad Findi , Purnamadewi Yeti Lis
Published: August 2020

ASEAN become one of the main destination location for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) however its FDI growth showed a declining trend. On the other hand, gender equality of this region keep progressing over time and surpassed the global average gender equality index. This paper examined the effect of gender equality on the growth of foreign direct investment inflows using static panel model for eight ASEAN countries for 2010-2016 period. Our result showed that gender equality could boost the FDI inflow growth through the increase of labor force participation and tertiary education. Labor force participation able to enhance the effort of boosting FDI growth through the macroeconomic channel such as GDP growth, infrastructure, inflation, interest rate and exchange rate.
The Marketing Concept in Islamic Perspective: A Literature Review
Authors: Tabrani Mirza , Marlizar Marlizar
Published: August 2020

The objectives of this paper is to review some researches on marketing concept in Islamic perspective. The expected of this review is to provide benefits for related researches in the future. This study uses some review papers, empirical studies and books related to marketing concept in Islamic perspective. The analysis allows identifying interesting points for future research on the topic of marketing concept in Islamic perspective. This paper provides a better understanding on how Islamic perspective on marketing concept. This paper only reviewed concerned articles from Science Direct, Emerald Insight and books. The results of the review showed that the limited studies about the marketing concept in Islamic perspective (Islamic marketing concept). Result of this study is believed to give worth understanding about actual situation in this field of research. It proposed some notions that will stimulate more intensive researches in this field in the future.

Keywords: Islamic Perspective, Literature Review, Marketing Concept, Marketing Mix
The Opportunities To Have Own Home in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Yasrizal Yasrizal
Published: August 2020

As we know that the development of infrastructure, especially housing problems is really needed by everyone and had so much built by developers both inside the city and outside the city. This rmesidential development ranging from the type, design and technical specifications are varied, it is intended to be accessible by consumers. Although developers already provide some conveniences such as the ability to repay in accordance with the selected type, there are still plenty of civil servant (PNS) as well as those working in the private sector has not been able to buy/own their own home on the grounds of various considerations interests respectively. Explanatory variables used in this model consists of a variable income, number of household members, gender, education level, employment sector, age and marital status will affect the probability of households to own their own home.

The data used is the National Socio-Economic Survey 2011, which contains the results of a survey conducted by BPS. This thesis focuses on the area of Banda Aceh as well as using the logit model estimation. The result of calculations show that the proportion of households in the city of Banda Aceh who own their own home around 53.83%, with the proportion who are not self owned approximately 46.17%. The analysis showed that the variables household size and age significantly affect the chances of having their own home with a significance level of 5%.

Keywords: Home Ownership, Logit Model
Demand Elasticity Analysis of Islamic Banking Financing in Indonesia
Authors: Fitriyanti Eka
Published: August 2020

This research aims to analyze the elasticity of demand for Islamic bank's financing in Indonesia. The variables observed in this study is inflation and income per capita. This research uses time series of data for the period 2004-2015, which is a secondary data. The Data is sourced from the central bank of Indonesia and Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, the models used in this study is a model of multiple regression equations and Analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Based on the estimates, the Research found that the inflation and income per capita significantly influence elasticity of demand for Islamic bank's financing in Indonesia. The elasticity of demand for Islamic bank's financing is inelastic to changes in price. This means that the demand Islamic bank's financing in Indonesia are not sensitive to changes in price. So, Islamic banks must be-able using other factors for growth Reviews their financing.

Keywords: Elasticity of Demand, Income per Capita, Inflation, Islamic bank’s financing
The Economics Perspective of The Practice of MMM-Indonesia
Authors: Purba Daris
Published: August 2020

The MMM presence in Indonesia is becoming very popular because it promises a fantastic profit. Although covered by mutual-aid mode, not a few who perceive it as an investment business. Having observed the rapid development of the MMM as a new investment scheme, the researcher is driven to conduct a study on the economics perspective on the MMM. The objective of this research is to describe the practice of MMM-Indonesia and to review it from economics perspective.

This study belongs to qualitative study with the descriptive-empirical approach. The informants were 4 MMM national top-leaders, a manager, a victim, and a new member. The methods of data collection used were preliminary survey, literature studies, interviews and observation. The data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique.

The result of the study shows that MMM-Indonesia practice pyramid scheme, Ponzi scheme, and money game in its system. The research concludes that Indonesian government is unaware of the existence of this scheme threat and does no action against it. The study also concludes that the practice of MMM-Indonesia is incompatible with economics theories.
The author suggests that the Indonesian government must ban the practice of the MMM as it is a threat to national economic growth and stability. The author suggests other researchers to do further research on the server, moderator, administrator, and company management of the MMM.

Keywords: Economics, MMM, Ponzi Scheme, Pyramid Scheme
The Influence of Islamic Branding and Religiosity on Brand Image
Authors: Andini Anggie Lia , Rufaidah Popy
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the magnitude of influence of Islamic branding and religiosity on brand image. Problem formulations in this research are whether there is an influence of Islamic branding and religiosity on brand image. This study uses explanatory survey method to explain the causal relationship of research variables through hypothesis testing. The population of the study is the consumers of cosmetic products in Indonesia. The study uses purpose sampling method, targeting the consumers of halal cosmetics and Islamic brands. Validity test results show that out of 37 question items, 36 items have correlation scores above 0.30 which means good and valid at 1% of significance level. Reliability test results show that all variables have Alpha Cronbach scores above 0.90 which means very reliable and significant at 1% of significance level. The study results show that Islamic branding and religiosity have significant influence on brand image. Islamic branding has a greater than toward brand image.

Keywords: Brand Image, Islamic Branding, and Religiosity
Reduction of Food Commodities Contributor Inflation on Household Welfare Changes in The Province of Aceh
Authors: Yasrizal Yasrizal , Hasan Ishak , Yusnaidi Yusnaidi
Published: August 2020

The relationship of inflation and poverty can be seen from the contribution of the commodity contributor poverty. Increases in the prices of commodities contributor to poverty led to declining real incomes and loss of income(incomeloss)households, causing poverty. Commodities contributor to poverty is dominated by food commodities. Rice and filter cigarettes are commodities contributor to poverty in Aceh most dominant. Model AIDS is a development of the Engel curve and Marshall equations derived from the theory of maximization of satisfaction. These models use a proportion of household expenditure on a commodity selected to represent variable demand. This research is empirical study. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from field research and literature. Research will be located in Banda Aceh and Aceh Barat. Using the model of demand is almost ideal or model of AIDS will be seen household behavior in response to changes in commodity prices contributor of poverty. From these observations, the inflation rate of food commodities greatly affect the welfare of the people of Aceh province, both for household Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. Inflation of food commodities had a huge influence to reduce household welfare in Banda Aceh. Furthermore, the majority of households Meulaboh work in agriculture and fisheries. So it can meet its own needs and also be produksen. Many factors substitutes (goods substitution) and cultural factors affecting the level of price elasticity of the goods themselves for food commodities, changes in the elasticity of greater food in Banda Aceh than the district of Meulaboh.

Keywords: Elasticity, Food Commodities contributor to poverty, Inflation, Model of AIDS
EFISIENSI PEMBIAYAAN BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH (BPRS) DI JAWA TIMUR PERIODE 2014-2017. ANALISIS DENGAN METODE DEA (CRS,VRS, dan Skala)
Authors: Khairunnisa Aziza Hanifa , Laila Nisful
Published: August 2020

This research aimed to find out the efficiency level of financing of Islamic Rural Bak in East Java. Input variables used were the rights of third party on profit sharing and PPAP cost, while output variable used was main operational income. Method used to measure efficiency level was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the assumption of Variable Return to Scale and the input and output orientations. The measurement of efficiency value with VRS assumption resulted three efficiency values, which are Technical Efficiency (VRS), Economic Efficiency (CRS), and Scale Efficiency. Then, these three values were analyzed further to get to know the source of inefficiency of financing in inefficient Islamic Rural Bank.
Keywords: BPRS, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)Efficiency, Financing
AN OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO COMPARISON OF SYARIAH STOCKS BEFORE AND AFTER THE WEAKENING OF THE 2015 INDONESIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Darmawan Ahmad Ridho
Published: August 2020

This paper contains the results of a comparative study of Islamic stock portfolios between the years of 2014-2016. In 2015, Indonesia's economic growth experienced the lowest weakening in the past 6 years. The Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) on 2014 experienced an uptrend, in 2015 it rebounded to a downtrend, and in 2016 an uptrend is experienced again. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Islamic stock portfolios before, during and after the weakening of the Indonesian economy and to find the impact of the optimal portfolio strategies in conditions of fluctuating economic growth performance. The population are all the Islamic stocks that are listed on JII in every period during the years of 2013 - 2016. The sample used the Purposive Sampling method, the portfolio performance assessment used the Treynor index and analyzed the data using the Paired-sample T-Test. The results of the study are that (H1) was rejected with a significance value of 0.699> 0.05, (H2) was rejected with a significance value of 0.910> 0.05 and (H3) was rejected with a significance value of 0.797 <0.05. In conclusion, all the hypotheses (H1, H2, H3) are rejected and H0 is accepted. Based on these results, the use of the optimal portfolio method in investment is able to minimize the risks, although it doesn’t eliminate the risk.

Keywords: Jakarta Islamic Index, Stock Portofolio, Stock Return, Stock Risk
THE INFLUENCE OF PROFIT SHARING, TRADE FINANCING, AND THE NON PERFORMING FINANCING RATIO TO THE RETURN ON ASSET OF ISLAMIC RURAL BANKS IN CENTRAL JAVA (2013-2015 PERIOD)
Authors: Hayati Nur , Umiyati Umiyati , Ilhamdi Ilhamdi
Published: August 2020

This study examines how profit-loss sharing (PLS) and trade financing as well as non performing financing (NPF) can affect the Return on Asset (ROA ) of Islamic Rural Banks in Cental Java (Period of 2013-2015). The sample selection method used is the purposive sampling. The data analysis method used a multiple regression dated panel with a significance level of 5% (0.05). The result of the data analysis showed that the suitable model used in this study is the Common Effect Model (CEM). Simultaneous independent variables significantly influence ROA. The partial, variable of PLS has negative effect on the ROA of Islamic Rural Banks ,while trade financing dan NPF did not have a significant effect on the ROA of Islamic Rural Banks.
Keywords: Non Performing Financing (NPF), Profit-Loss Sharing Financing, Return On Asset (ROA), Trade Financing
Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data
and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol
monitoring
Authors: Chen Cheng , Dubovik Oleg , Fuertes David , Litvinov Pavel , Lapyonok Tatyana , Lopatin Anton , Ducos Fabrice , Derimian Yevgeny , Herman Maurice , Tanré Didier , Remer Lorraine A. , Lyapustin Alexei , Sayer Andrew M. , Levy Robert C. , Hsu N. Christina , Descloitres Jacques , Li Lei , Torres Benjamin , Karol Yana , Herrera Milagros , Herreras Marcos , Aspetsberger Michael , Wanzenboeck Moritz , Bindreiter Lukas , Marth Daniel , Hangler Andreas , Federspiel Christian
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Proven by multiple theoretical and practical studies, multi-angular spectral polarimetry is ideal for comprehensive retrieval of properties of aerosols. Furthermore, a large number of advanced space polarimeters have been launched recently or planned to be deployed in the coming few years (Dubovik et al., 2019). Nevertheless, at present, practical utilization of aerosol products from polarimetry is rather limited, due to the relatively small amount of polarimetric observations compared to photometric observations, as well as challenges in making full use of the extensive information content available in these complex observations. Indeed, while in recent years several new algorithms have been developed to provide enhanced aerosol retrievals from satellite polarimetry, the practical value of available aerosol products from polarimeters yet remains to be proven. In this regard, this paper presents the analysis of aerosol products obtained by the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP) algorithm from POLDER/PARASOL observations. After about a decade of development, GRASP has been adapted for operational processing of polarimetric satellite observations and several aerosol products from POLDER/PARASOL observations have been released. These updated PARASOL/GRASP products are publicly available (e.g., http://www.icare.univ-lille.fr, www.grasp-open.com/products/), the dataset used in the current study is registered under: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3887265 (Chen et al., 2020). The objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the GRASP aerosol products obtained from POLDER/PARASOL observations. First, the validation of the entire 2005–2013 archive was conducted by comparing to ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data. The subjects of the validation are spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and single scattering albedo (SSA) at 6 wavelengths, as well as Ångström exponent (AE), fine mode AOD (AODF) and coarse mode AOD (AODC) interpolated to the reference wavelength 550 nm. Second, an inter-comparison of PARASOL/GRASP products with the PARASOL/Operational, MODIS Dark Target (DT), Deep Blue (DB) and Multi Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) aerosol products for the year 2008 was performed. Over land both satellite data validations and inter-comparisons were conducted separately for different surface types, discriminated by bins of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI):
SENSOR EVALUATION FOR CRACK DETECTION IN CONCRETE BRIDGES
Authors: Merkle D. , Schmitt A. , Reiterer A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Bridges are one of the most critical traffic infrastructure objects, therefore it is necessary to monitor them at regular intervals. Nowadays, this monitoring is made manually by visual inspection. In recent projects, the authors are developing automated crack detection systems to support the inspector. In this pre-study, different sensors, like different camera systems for photogrammetry, a laser scanner, and a laser triangulation system are evaluated for crack detection based on a defined required minimum crack width of 0.2 mm. The used test object is a blasted concrete plate, sized 70 cm × 70 cm × 5 cm and placed in an outdoor environment. The results of the data acquisition with the different sensors are point clouds, which make the results comparable. The point cloud from the chosen laser scanner is not sufficient for the required crack width even at a low speed of 1 m/s. The RGB or intensity information of the photogrammetric point clouds, even based on a low-cost smartphone camera, contain the targeted cracks. The authors advise against using only the 3D information of the photogrammetric point clouds for crack detection due to noise. The laser triangulation system delivers the best results in both intensity and 3D information. The low weight of camera systems makes photogrammetry to the preferred method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the future, the authors aim for crack detection based on the 2D images, automated by using machine learning, and crack localisation by using structure from motion (SfM) or a positioning system.
3D AERODROME OBSTACLE ASSESSMENT USING STEREO REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY
Authors: Mitsevich L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The paper reveals the photogrammetric methods of the aerodrome obstacle data collection and assessment in accordance with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements. High artificial or natural vertical objects (obstacles) near a runway can cause accidents during aircraft take-off and landing. There are a series of limitation surfaces defining allowable obstacle heights. Identification and assessment of obstacles extending above the limitation surfaces are important steps for aerodrome certification. To this end, the periodic aerodrome obstacle survey procedure is implemented mostly by ground geodetic methods. The goal of the research was to develop the technology for remote and effective obstacle identification and assessment processes using remote sensing stereo imagery. The photogrammetric methods were based on the three-dimensional vector models that were integrated into the stereo pair of satellite and aviation scanner images. The obstacle extends above the limitation surfaces evaluated in a semi-automatic mode, mathematically and visually controlled. The advantages of the stereo photogrammetric methods are discussed. The ecological aspects of precise evaluation of forested areas as critical obstacles considered. Examples of the implementation of this technology for aerodromes of the Republic of Belarus are given.
TOWARDS DETECTION OF THERMAL ANOMALIES IN LARGE URBAN AREAS USING SIMULATION
Authors: Burkard E. , Bulatov D. , Kottler B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Anomaly detection in imagery has widely been studied and enhanced towards the requirements of today’s available sensor data, whereas many of them require a background estimation in order to identify an anomaly or target. In this paper, we examine an analysis of simulation as background estimator for anomaly detection in thermal images of urban sceneries. We generate a surface temperature image and a sensor-like infrared image by combined image and elevation data and a thermal model suited for large scenes and fast simulation. With the simulated thermal image, we define anomalies as deviation between measurement and simulation. Pixel-wise image differencing of the measured and simulated temperatures and infrared images respectively are performed and evaluated concerning the full images as well as class-wise, including a material classification of the observed area. Our approach shows complementary results compared to RXD application on the measured infrared images. Metal roofs which appear warm in the thermal image and are not visually distinguishable from the residual image are detected.
AUTOMATED AND LIGHTWEIGHT NETWORK DESIGN VIA RANDOM SEARCH FOR REMOTE SENSING IMAGE SCENE CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Li J. , Diao W. , Sun X. , Feng Y. , Zhang W. , Chang Z. , Fu K.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. With the development of deep learning, remote sensing image scene classification technology has been greatly improved. However, current deep networks used for scene classification usually introduce ingenious extra modules to fit the characteristics of remote sensing images. It causes a high labor cost and brings more parameters, which makes the network more complicated and poses new intractable problems. In this paper, we rethink this popular “add module” pattern and propose a more lightweight model, called ProbDenseNet (PDN). PDN is obtained via a random search strategy in Neural Architecture Search (NAS) which is an automated network design manner. In our method, all topological connections are assigned importance degrees which subject to a uniform distribution. And we set a regulator to adjust the sparsity of the network. By this way, the design procedure is more automated and the network structure becomes more lightweight. Experimental results on AID benchmark demonstrate that the proposed PDN model can achieve competitive performance even with much fewer parameters. And we also find that excessive connections do not always improve the network’s performance while they can drag down the network’s behavior as well. Furthermore, we conduct experiments on Vaihingen dataset with classical Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) framework. Quantitative and qualitative results both indicate that the features learned by PDN can also transfer in semantic segmentation task.
SUPERPIXEL SEGMENTATION FOR POLSAR IMAGES BASED ON HEXAGON INITIALIZATION AND EDGE REFINEMENT
Authors: Li M. , Zou H. , Ma Q. , Sun J. , Cao X. , Qin X.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Superpixel segmentation for PolSAR images can heavily decrease the number of primitives for subsequent interpretation while reducing the impact of speckle noise. However, traditional superpixel segmentation methods for PolSAR images only focus on the boundary adherence, the significance of superpixel segmentation will be lost when the accuracy is improved at the expense of computation efficiency. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel superpixel segmentation algorithm for PolSAR images based on hexagon initialization and edge refinement. First, the PolSAR image is initialized as hexagonal distribution, where the complexity of searching pixels for relabelling in the local regions can be reduced by 30% theoretically. Second, all pixels in the PolSAR image are initialized as unstable pixels based on the hexagonal superpixels, which can boost the segmentation performance in the heterogeneous regions and effectively maintain all the potential edge pixels. Third, the revised Wishart distance and the spatial distance are integrated as a distance measure to relabel all unstable pixels. Finally, the postprocessing procedure based on a dissimilarity measure is applied to generate the final superpixels. Extensive experiments conducted on both the simulated and real-world PolSAR images demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in terms of computation efficiency and segmentation accuracy, compared to three other state-of-the-art methods.
Review Article: Earth's ice imbalance
Authors: Slater Thomas , Lawrence Isobel R. , Otosaka Inès N. , Shepherd Andrew , Gourmelen Noel , Jakob Livia , Tepes Paul , Gilbert Lin
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We combine satellite observations and numerical models to show that Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017. Arctic sea ice (7.6 trillion tonnes), Antarctic ice shelves (6.5 trillion tonnes), mountain glaciers (6.2 trillion tonnes), the Greenland ice sheet (3.8 trillion tonnes), the Antarctic ice sheet (2.5 trillion tonnes), and Southern Ocean sea ice (0.9 trillion tonnes) have all decreased in mass. Just over half (60 %) of the ice loss was from the northern hemisphere, and the remainder (40 %) was from the southern hemisphere. The rate of ice loss has risen by 57 % since the 1990s – from 0.8 to 1.2 trillion tonnes per year – owing to increased losses from mountain glaciers, Antarctica, Greenland, and from Antarctic ice shelves. During the same period, the loss of grounded ice from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and mountain glaciers raised the global sea level by 35.0 ± 3.2 mm. The majority of all ice losses from were driven by atmospheric melting (68 % from Arctic sea ice, mountain glaciers ice shelf calving and ice sheet surface mass balance), with the remaining losses (32 % from ice sheet discharge and ice shelf thinning) being driven by oceanic melting. Altogether, the cryosphere has taken up 3.2 % of the global energy imbalance.
Evaluation of Some Reproductive and Developmental Parameters of Paracoccus Marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Gnomou Yawavi Eyram , Nyamador Seth Wolali , Amevoin Komina , Ajuonu Obinna , Goergen Georg , Glitho Isabelle Adolé
Published: August 2020

The papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive insect species attacking a diverse range of host plants. It causes an enormous damage to crops including those of very great economic importance including the papaya, being its main host. Considering its potential threat to fruit and crops of economic importance throughout Togo, this study, which was carried out in the laboratory under conditions of 28 ± 2°C, 75 ± 5% RH, 12 : 12 LD, made it possible to determine some biological parameters of P. marginatus, essential for the implementation of management programmes for this species. The results showed that a female of P. marginatus had three periods of reproductive activity, namely pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods which last on average 7.74 ± 1.26; 6.13 ± 3.02 and 7.45 ± 4.27 days respectively. During oviposition, a female P. marginatus lays an average of 25.262 ± 11.16 eggs per day, for an average total of 224.32 ± 29.99 eggs during her lifetime, which averages 18.44 ± 3.31 days. During the post-embryonic development of P. marginatus which lasts on average 25.98 ± 4.47 days for the female against 29.70 ± 5.58 days for the male and which passes through three larval stages, the important mortality rates of the first and second larval stages were noted. They are estimated to an average of 61.40 ± 0.05 and 52.8 ± 0.025 respectively. However, at the third stage, the rate is 35.02 ± 0.03 for the female and zero for the male. These results provide a better understanding of the biology of P. marginatus under local conditions and thus provide a basis for controlling the population of the species and the damage it causes in Togo.