bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investment Behavior of Foreign Institutional Investors and Implied Volatility Dynamics: An Empirical Study on the Indian Equity Derivatives Market
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar , Bhatia Satinder , Roy Hiranmoy
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the association between the capital flows of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) in the equity derivatives market in India and the implied volatility of options. Previous studies on FIIs and realized volatility in the equity market provide the basis for this study. Covering a period of ten years (2012–2021), this study established the importance of FII capital flows in explaining the implied volatility of options. The Granger causality test confirms the unidirectional flow of causality between FII and implied volatility (VIX) in the Indian stock market. The vector autoregression model developed in the study confirms the dynamic relationship between implied volatility and the investment behavior of foreign institutional investors (FIIs). The outcome of this study will help options traders to understand the mispricing of options because of FII’s buying pressure on implied volatility. The results will also help policymakers understand how institutional investors influence option pricing so that appropriate decisions can be made.
Plant Conservation in the Midst of Energy Transition: Can Regional Governments Rise to the Challenge?
Authors: Alfaro-Saiz Estrella , Fernández-Salegui Ana Belén , Acedo Carmen
Published: November 2023

Within the expanding wind energy projects context, this study explores the intricate relationship between biodiversity conservation and wind power development in the Cantabrian Mountains. By analyzing data from 1107 UTM grids measuring 10 × 10 km, we have identified 378 endangered vascular plant taxa and 36 bryophytes, including 135 that are regional endemics. Wind power complexes pose a significant risk of irreversible impacts on plant conservation zones and their integrity if proper management informed by the best available scientific knowledge is not implemented. This study introduces the concept of very important plant areas (VIPAs) as a crucial tool for identifying priority conservation areas. A total of 60% of the UTM grids were classified in the “high conservation value” category. Among the endangered species within the region, only 11% are afforded protection at the European level and 17% at the national level, leaving a key role for regional governments with heterogeneous lists. Our findings highlight the urgent need for legislation that accommodates updates to protected species lists, ensuring the inclusion of high-risk taxa and legally binding mechanisms at various administrative tiers. The proposed method relies on quantifiable and repeatable criteria, making it adaptable for application in other territories and for broader land use planning purposes.
Study on Single-Phase BLDC Motor Design through Drive IC Integration Analysis
Authors: Lee Ye-Seo , Jo Na-Rim , Pyo Hyun-Jo , Jung Dong-Hoon , Kim Won-Ho
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a single-phase BLDC motor is applied to a cooling fan motor and a Drive IC integration analysis method of the single-phase BLDC motor is proposed. Single-phase BLDC motors have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and are low cost, so they are used in applications where low outputs and low costs are advantageous. Single-phase BLDC motors use a full-bridge inverter (Drive IC), and this inverter (Drive IC) has dead time due to switching. Therefore, in order to consider dead time when analyzing a single-phase BLDC motor, analysis through integration with Drive IC is necessary. This paper compares the types of single-phase BLDC motors, designs a model that satisfies target performance, and conducts research on Drive IC integration analysis through FEA. A prototype motor was manufactured and tested, and the validity of the Drive IC integration analysis was verified.
On Positive Recurrence of the Mn/GI/1/∞ Model
Authors: Veretennikov Alexander
Published: November 2023

Positive recurrence for a single-server queueing system is established under generalized service intensity conditions, without the assumption of the existence of a service density distribution function, but with a certain integral type lower bound as a sufficient condition. Positive recurrence implies the existence of the invariant distribution and a guaranteed slow convergence to it in the total variation metric.
Comparative Study of Metaheuristic Optimization of Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Face Mask Classification
Authors: Melin Patricia , Sánchez Daniela , Pulido Martha , Castillo Oscar
Published: November 2023

The preventive measures taken to curb the spread of COVID-19 have emphasized the importance of wearing face masks to prevent potential infection with serious diseases during daily activities or for medical professionals working in hospitals. Due to the mandatory use of face masks, various methods employing artificial intelligence and deep learning have emerged to detect whether individuals are wearing masks. In this paper, we utilized convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify the use of face masks into three categories: no mask, incorrect mask, and proper mask. Establishing the appropriate CNN architecture can be a demanding task. This study compares four swarm intelligent metaheuristics: particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), bat algorithm (BA), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The CNN architecture design involves determining the essential hyperparameters of the CNNs. The results indicate the effectiveness of the PSO and BA in achieving an accuracy of 100% when using 10% of the images for testing. Meanwhile, when 90% of the images were used for testing, the results were as follows: PSO 97.15%, WOA 97.14%, BA 97.23%, and GWO 97.18%. These statistically significant differences demonstrate that the BA allows better results than the other metaheuristics analyzed in this study.
Oligometastasis: Expansion of Curative Treatments in the Field of Oncology
Authors: Lim Ah Reum , Rim Chai Hong
Published: November 2023

Oligometastasis is defined as the presence of several limited metastatic lesions and is generally limited to three or fewer than five metastatic lesions. Previously, the treatment of metastatic cancer aimed to alleviate symptoms rather than cure them; however, the use of immunotherapy or targeted therapy has greatly improved patient life expectancy. Additionally, the effectiveness and safety of local treatment have recently been proven for oligometastatic cancers and have significantly improved patient survival and decreased recurrence rates. A few metastatic studies on lung cancer have demonstrated the usefulness of combining radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Recently, local and targeted therapy combinations have shown promising results in treating non-small cell lung cancer, predominantly caused by the epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene mutations, suggesting the potential of these new treatment strategies. It is well known that oligometastasis has better clinical results than polymetastasis; however, research on the biological profile of oligometastasis is still lacking. Studies using circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells are at the initial stages of providing a better understanding of oligometastatic cancers, and the biological characteristics of these cancers may be revealed based on more diverse studies. With the development of these treatments, the prognosis for patients with oligometastatic cancers is steadily improving, and if the biological profile is revealed, customized treatment may be provided.
Alveolar Hyperoxia and Exacerbation of Lung Injury in Critically Ill SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia
Authors: Dushianthan Ahilanandan , Bracegirdle Luke , Cusack Rebecca , Cumpstey Andrew F. , Postle Anthony D. , Grocott Michael P. W.
Published: November 2023

Acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) is a prominent feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) critical illness. The severity of gas exchange impairment correlates with worse prognosis, and AHRF requiring mechanical ventilation is associated with substantial mortality. Persistent impaired gas exchange leading to hypoxemia often warrants the prolonged administration of a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). In SARS-CoV-2 AHRF, systemic vasculopathy with lung microthrombosis and microangiopathy further exacerbates poor gas exchange due to alveolar inflammation and oedema. Capillary congestion with microthrombosis is a common autopsy finding in the lungs of patients who die with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. The need for a high FiO2 to normalise arterial hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia can result in alveolar hyperoxia. This in turn can lead to local alveolar oxidative stress with associated inflammation, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, surfactant dysfunction, pulmonary vascular abnormalities, resorption atelectasis, and impairment of innate immunity predisposing to secondary bacterial infections. While oxygen is a life-saving treatment, alveolar hyperoxia may exacerbate pre-existing lung injury. In this review, we provide a summary of oxygen toxicity mechanisms, evaluating the consequences of alveolar hyperoxia in COVID-19 and propose established and potential exploratory treatment pathways to minimise alveolar hyperoxia.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Improves Mitochondrial Energy Status and Attenuates Nephrotoxicity In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Wang Linxi , Chen Zhou , Liu Xiaoying , Wang Lijing , Zhou Yu , Huang Jingze , Liu Zhiqing , Lin Donghai , Liu Libin
Published: November 2023

High-sugar and high-fat diets cause significant harm to health, especially via metabolic diseases. In this study, the protective effects of the antidiabetic drug exenatide (synthetic exendin-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on high-fat and high-glucose (HFHG)-induced renal injuries were investigated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo and in vitro renal injury models were established. Metabolomic analysis based on 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance was performed to examine whether exenatide treatment exerts a protective effect against kidney injury in diabetic rats and to explore its potential molecular mechanism. In vivo, 8 weeks of exenatide treatment resulted in the regulation of most metabolites in the diabetes mellitus group. In vitro results showed that exendin-4 restored the mitochondrial functions of mesangial cells, which were perturbed by HFHG. The effects of exendin-4 included the improved antioxidant capacity of mesangial cells, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced protein expression of cyt-c and caspase-3 activation. In addition, exendin-4 restored mesangial cell energy metabolism by increasing succinate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase activities and glucose consumption while inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 activity. In conclusion, GLP-1 agonists improve renal injury in diabetic rats by ameliorating metabolic disorders. This mechanism could be partially related to mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism.
Electrical Characteristics of 3D Trench Electrode Germanium Detector with Nested Complementary Cathodes
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Li Zheng , Xiong Bo , Xiao Yongguang
Published: November 2023

High-purity germanium detectors, widely employed in fields such as aerospace applications based on radiation detection principles, have garnered attention due to their broad detection range and fast response time. However, these detectors often require larger sensitive area volumes to achieve larger signals and higher detection efficiency. Additionally, the large distance between the electrodes contributes to an issue of incomplete charge collection, which significantly restricts their application in space applications. To enhance the electrical performance of high-purity germanium detectors, this study introduces a strategy: designing the detector’s cathode electrode into a 3D trench shape with nested complementary cathodes. This design greatly reduces the electrode spacing, endowing the detector with superior electrical characteristics, such as a smaller dead zone and improved charge collection efficiency. Performance simulations of the novel detector structure were conducted using the semiconductor device simulation software Sentaurus TCAD (2019.03). The simulation results confirmed that the nested complementary 3D trench electrode high-purity germanium detector exhibits excellent electrical features, including a larger sensitive area volume, rapid charge collection, and good cell isolations. This approach has the potential to effectively expand the application scenarios of high-purity germanium detectors. Depending on different operational environments and requirements, nested complementary 3D trench electrode high-purity germanium detectors of appropriate structural dimensions can be chosen. The experimental findings of this study hold a significant reference value for enhancing the overall structure of high purity germanium detectors and facilitating their practical application in the future.
Human PBMCs Form Lipid Droplets in Response to Spike Proteins
Authors: Sivaraman Kokilavani , Pino Paco , Raussin Guillaume , Anchisi Stephanie , Metayer Charles , Dagany Nicolas , Held Julia , Wrenger Sabine , Welte Tobias , Wurm Maria J. , Wurm Florian M. , Olejnicka Beata , Janciauskiene Sabina
Published: November 2023

Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) can accumulate in response to inflammation, metabolic stresses, and other physiological/pathological processes. Herein, we investigated whether spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 induce LDs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). PBMCs or HPMECs were incubated alone or with endotoxin-free recombinant variants of trimeric spike glycoproteins (Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, 12 µg/mL). Afterward, cells were stained with Oil Red O for LDs, cytokine release was determined through ELISA, and the gene expression was analyzed through real-time PCR using TaqMan assays. Our data show that spikes induce LDs in PBMCs but not in HPMECs. In line with this, in PBMCs, spike proteins lower the expression of genes involving lipid metabolism and LD formation, such as SREBF1, HMGCS1, LDLR, and CD36. On the other hand, PBMCs exposed to spikes for 6 or 18 h did not increase in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα release or expression as compared to non-treated controls. Thus, spike-induced LD formation in PBMCs seems to not be related to cell inflammatory activation. Further detailed studies are warranted to investigate in which specific immune cells spikes induce LDs, and what are the pathophysiological mechanisms and consequences of this induction in vivo.
A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacology, Chemistry, Traditional Uses and Quality Control of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook. F.): An Aromatic Medicinal Plant
Authors: Zou Qiyuan , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Wenyan , Lu Chen , Yuan Jingquan
Published: November 2023

Illicium verum Hook. F., also known as star anise, is one of the most important plants of the genus Anise in the family Magnoliaceae. I. verum not only has the functions of warming Yang, dispersing cold, regulating Qi and relieving pain but can also be used as a condiment to increase flavor as well as reconcile and remove fish smells. Currently, 201 chemical constituents have been identified from star anise; among these, star anise oil and shikimic acid are the two most widely used and studied chemical components in star anise, with the oil accounting for a large proportion of the total. This review integrates, classifies and updates studies related to the botany, pharmacology, phytochemistry, traditional and modern uses and quality control of star anise, with a special reference to its phytochemical composition and pharmacological activity. It will provide a reference for further research on this important medicinal plant. In addition, the broad applications and research profiles of star anise essential oil and shikimic acid are highlighted. Our review indicates that the research prospects regarding star anise are very broad and worthy of further investigation.
Expression of Genes Involved in Anthracnose Resistance in Chili (Capsicum baccatum) ‘PBC80’-Derived Recombinant Inbred Lines
Authors: Kethom Wassana , Taylor Paul W. J. , Mongkolporn Orarat
Published: November 2023

Chili anthracnose has long been a threat to chili production worldwide. Capsicum baccatum ‘PBC80’ has been identified as a source of resistance to anthracnose. Recently, a QTL for ripe fruit resistance from ‘PBC80’-derived RILs was located on chromosome 4 (123 Mb) and contained over 80 defense-related genes. To identify the genes most related to anthracnose resistance, a fine map of the QTL region was developed using single-marker analysis. Nine genes were selected from the new QTL (1.12 Mb) to study their expression after being challenged with Colletotrichum scovillei ‘MJ5’ in two different RIL genotypes (Resistance/Resistance or R/R and Susceptible/Susceptible or S/S) at 0, 6 and 12 h. Of the nine genes, LYM2, CQW23_09597, CLF, NFXL1, and PR-14 were significantly up-regulated, compared to the control, in the R/R genotype. ERF was up-regulated in both chili genotypes. However, the expression was relatively and constantly low in the S/S genotype. Most up-regulated genes reached the highest peak (2.3–4.5 fold) at 6 h, except for ERF, which had the highest peak at 12 h (6.4 fold). The earliest and highest expressed gene was a pathogen receptor, LYM2.
An Angle Precision Evaluation Method of Rotary Laser Scanning Measurement Systems with a High-Precision Turntable
Authors: Zhang Rao , Lin Jiarui , Shi Shendong , Shao Kunpeng , Zhu Jigui
Published: November 2023

Rotary laser scanning measurement systems, such as the workshop measurement positioning system (wMPS), play critical roles in manufacturing industries. The wMPS realizes coordinate measurement through the intersection of multiple rotating fanned lasers. The measurement model of multi-laser plane intersection poses challenges in terms of accurately evaluating the system, making it difficult to establish a standardized evaluation method. The traditional evaluation method is based on horizontal and vertical angles derived from scanning angles, which are the direct observation of wMPS. However, the horizontal- and vertical-angle-based methods ignore the assembly errors of fanned laser devices and mechanical shafts. These errors introduce calculation errors and affect the accuracy of angle measurement evaluation. This work proposes a performance evaluation method for the scanning angle independent of the assembly errors above. The transmitter of the wMPS is installed on a high-precision turntable that provides the angle reference. The coordinates of enhanced reference points (ERP) distributed in the calibration space are measured by the laser tracker multilateration method. Then, the spatial relationship between the transmitter and the turntable is reconstructed based on the high-precision turntable and the good rotational repeatability of the transmitter. The simulation was carried out to validate the proposed method. We also studied the effect of fanned laser devices and shaft assembly errors on horizontal and vertical angles. Subsequently, the calibration results were validated by comparing the residuals with those derived from the space-resection method. Furthermore, the method was also validated by comparing the reference and scanning angles. The results show that the maximum angle measurement error was approximately 2.79″, while the average angle measurement error was approximately 1.26″. The uncertainty (k = 1) of the scanning angle was approximately 1.7″. Finally, the coordinate measurement test was carried out to verify the proposed method by laser tracker. The results show that the average re-scanning error was 2.17″.
Reliability of the 15-s Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate (VLamax) Test for Cycling
Authors: Harnish Christopher R. , Swensen Thomas C. , King Deborah
Published: November 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the reliability of two 15-s sprint cycling tests in men and women to estimate the maximum lactate accumulation rate (VLamax). Methods: Eighteen men and twelve women completed two sprint sessions over 1 week. A 10 min warm-up preceded the obtaining of a 3 µL blood lactate (BLC) sample, after which a 15 s sprint was completed; cyclists then rested passively while multiple lactate samples were taken until the levels peaked. Trial differences and reliability across trials were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation, Intraclass correlation (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis with α = 0.05 for all tests; data are reported as mean ± sd. Results: Power (W) was similar across trials (773.0 ± 143.5 vs. 758.2 ± 127.4; p = 0.333) and the coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.7%. VLamax (mM·L−1·s−1) was similar (0.673 ± 0.024 vs. 0.635 ± 0.237; p = 0.280), but only moderately reliable across trials with CV, ICC, and R values of 18.6%, 0.661, and 0.67, respectively. Pre-BLC and peak BLC CV were 45.6 and 23.3%, respectively. Conclusions: A 15 s VLamax cycling sprint is moderately reliable, possibly affected both by the lactate measurement and other variables used in the calculation. More research may offer ways to improve reliability.
Utilizing Drug Amorphous Solid Dispersions for the Preparation of Dronedarone per os Formulations
Authors: Kapourani Afroditi , Manioudaki Alexandra-Eleftheria , Kontogiannopoulos Konstantinos N. , Barmpalexis Panagiotis
Published: November 2023

Dronedarone (DRN), an antiarrhythmic drug, exhibits potent pharmacological effects in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Despite its therapeutic potential, DRN faces formulation challenges due to its low aqueous solubility. Hence, the present study is dedicated to the examination of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) as a strategic approach for enhancing the solubility of DRN. Initially, the glass forming ability (GFA) of API was assessed alongside its thermal degradation profile, and it was revealed that DRN is a stable glass former (GFA III compound) that remains thermally stable up to approximately 200 °C. Subsequently, five commonly used ASD matrix/carriers, i.e., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), povidone (PVP), copovidone (PVP/VA), Soluplus® (SOL), and Eudragit® E PO (EPO), were screened for the formation of a DRN-based ASD using film casting and solvent shift methods, along with miscibility evaluation measurements. SOL proved to be the most promising matrix/carrier among the others, and, hence, was used to prepare DRN ASDs via the melt-quench method. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared systems (via pXRD) revealed the complete amorphization of the API within the matrix/carrier, while the system was physically stable for at least three months after its preparation. In vitro release studies for the ASDs, conducted under non-sink conditions, revealed the sustained supersaturation of the drug for at least 8 h. Finally, the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy showed the formation of a strong molecular interaction between the drug molecules and SOL.
Advanced FFF of PEEK: Infill Strategies and Material Characteristics for Rapid Tooling
Authors: Abbas Karim , Hedwig Lukas , Balc Nicolae , Bremen Sebastian
Published: November 2023

Traditional vulcanization mold manufacturing is complex, costly, and under pressure due to shorter product lifecycles and diverse variations. Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication and high-performance polymers like PEEK offer a promising future in this industry. This study assesses the compressive strength of various infill structures (honeycomb, grid, triangle, cubic, and gyroid) when considering two distinct build directions (Z, XY) to enhance PEEK’s economic and resource efficiency in rapid tooling. A comparison with PETG samples shows the behavior of the infill strategies. Additionally, a proof of concept illustrates the application of a PEEK mold in vulcanization. A peak compressive strength of 135.6 MPa was attained in specimens that were 100% solid and subjected to thermal post-treatment. This corresponds to a 20% strength improvement in the Z direction. In terms of time and mechanical properties, the anisotropic grid and isotropic cubic infill have emerged for use in rapid tooling. Furthermore, the study highlights that reducing the layer thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.1 mm can result in a 15% strength increase. The study unveils the successful utilization of a room-temperature FFF-printed PEEK mold in vulcanization injection molding. The parameters and infill strategies identified in this research enable the resource-efficient FFF printing of PEEK without compromising its strength properties. Using PEEK in rapid tooling allows a cost reduction of up to 70% in tool production.
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Calcium-Treated Cactus Pear Mucilage (Opuntia spp.), Pectin and Alginate Single-Biopolymer Films
Authors: Van Rooyen Brandon , De Wit Maryna , Osthoff Gernot , Van Niekerk Johan , Hugo Arno
Published: November 2023

Pectin and alginate satisfy multiple functional requirements in the food industry, especially relating to natural packaging formulation. The continuous need for economic and environmental benefits has promoted sourcing and investigating alternative biomaterials, such as cactus pear mucilage from the cladodes of Opuntia spp., as natural packaging alternatives. The structural and mechanical properties of mucilage, pectin and alginate films developed at a 5% (w/w) concentration were modified by treating the films with calcium (Ca) in the calcium chloride (CaCl2) form. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the 5% (w/w) ‘Algerian’ and ‘Morado’ films to display considerable microstructure variation compared to the 5% (w/w) pectin and alginate films, with calcium treatment of the films influencing homogeneity and film orientation. Treating the alginate films with a 10% (w/w) stock CaCl2 solution significantly increased (p < 0.05) the alginate films’ tensile strength (TS) and puncture force (PF) values. Consequently, the alginate films reported significantly higher (p < 0.05) film strength (TS and PF) than the pectin + Ca and mucilage + Ca films. The mucilage film’s elasticity was negatively influenced by CaCl2, while the pectin and alginate films’ elasticity was positively influenced by calcium treatment. These results suggest that the overall decreased calcium sensitivity and poor mechanical strength displayed by ‘the Algerian’ and ‘Morado’ films would not make them viable replacements for the commercial pectin and alginate films unless alternative applications were found.
An Innovative Stereolithography 3D Tubular Method for Ultrathin Polymeric Stent Manufacture: The Effect of Process Parameters
Authors: Bosch Aniol , Casanova-Batlle Enric , Constantin Iuliana , Rubio Carles , Ciurana Joaquim , Guerra Antonio J.
Published: November 2023

In the last decades, researchers have been developing bioresorbable stents (BRS) to overcome the long-term complications of drug-eluting stents (DES). However, BRS technology still presents challenging limitations in terms of manufacturing, materials, or mechanical properties. At this juncture, companies have developed ultrathin DES that may further improve the efficacy and safety profile of traditional DES by reducing the risk of target-lesion and target-vessel failures until BRS are developed. Nonetheless, the metallic platform of ultrathin DES still presents problems related to their cellular response. The use of polymers as a permanent platform in DES has not previously been studied due to the limitations of current manufacturing technologies. In this work, an innovative manufacturing method for polymeric stent production using tubular stereolithography (SLA) technology is proposed both for BRS and for ultrathin polymeric DES. The effects of manufacturing process parameters were studied by modelling the outcomes (stent thickness and strut width) with the key manufacturing variables (exposure, resin volume, and number of layers). Two different laser setups were used to compare the results. Microscopy results proved the merit of this novel tubular SLA process, which was able to obtain stents with 70 μm strut width and thickness in barely 4 min using only 0.2 mL of resin. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results showed the stability of the manufacturing method. The results obtained with this innovative technology are promising and overcome the limitations of other previously used and available technologies.
Recent Progress in Stimuli-Responsive Antimicrobial Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Mercante Luiza , Teodoro Kelcilene , dos Santos Danilo , dos Santos Francisco , Ballesteros Camilo , Ju Tian , Williams Gareth , Correa Daniel
Published: November 2023

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have garnered significant attention in antimicrobial applications, owing to their intricate three-dimensional network that confers an interconnected porous structure, high specific surface area, and tunable physicochemical properties, as well as their notable capacity for loading and sustained release of antimicrobial agents. Tailoring polymer or hybrid-based nanofibrous membranes with stimuli-responsive characteristics further enhances their versatility, enabling them to exhibit broad-spectrum or specific activity against diverse microorganisms. In this review, we elucidate the pivotal advancements achieved in the realm of stimuli-responsive antimicrobial electrospun nanofibers operating by light, temperature, pH, humidity, and electric field, among others. We provide a concise introduction to the strategies employed to design smart electrospun nanofibers with antimicrobial properties. The core section of our review spotlights recent progress in electrospun nanofiber-based systems triggered by single- and multi-stimuli. Within each stimulus category, we explore recent examples of nanofibers based on different polymers and antimicrobial agents. Finally, we delve into the constraints and future directions of stimuli-responsive nanofibrous materials, paving the way for their wider application spectrum and catalyzing progress toward industrial utilization.
Gravity Concentration in Urban Mining Applications—A Review
Authors: Ambrós Weslei M.
Published: November 2023

Urban mining has emerged as a concept that goes beyond conventional recycling, as it aims to tackle both the challenges of solid waste generation and management, as well as the scarcity of primary resources. Gravity concentration has gained increasing attention as a promising method for addressing crucial challenges in urban mining applications. In this sense, this review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of gravity concentration in urban mining processes, covering principles, techniques, current applications, recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities. Emphasis was placed on shifting from the commonly found literature focus on ore processing to solid waste processing. Three types of solid waste, namely plastics, construction and demolition waste (CDW), and waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), were chosen for a more in-depth examination due to their massive production and widespread generation. Discussions also considered the potential of gravity concentration to address the unique challenges in their processing and explored possibilities for future developments.
Identifying and Assessing Perceived Cycling Safety Components
Authors: Duren Michelle , Corrigan Bryce , Kennedy Ryan David , Pollack Porter Keshia M. , Ehsani Johnathon
Published: November 2023

Perceived safety is recognized throughout the mode choice literature as a key barrier to cycling, yet its constructs are poorly understood. Although commonly understood to relate to crash and injury risk and sometimes vulnerability to crime, health impact assessments identify numerous other pathways through which cycling can negatively impact health. This study leverages a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults in 2022 to assess a set of eleven factors as potential components of perceived cycling safety. We use principal component analysis to identify components of perceived cycling safety and then employ principal component regression to assess these components in relation to predicting unsafe cycling perception. We identify five key dimensions of perceived safety. Specifically, we found that perceived bicycling safety can be encompassed in the following components: (1) contaminant exposure, (2) injurious collision risk, (3) street conditions, (4) weather conditions, and (5) crime risk. In evaluating each identified component, we found that injurious collision risk and street conditions were the most predictive of considering cycling as unsafe. We further develop an understanding of how differences in cycling behavior, such as using cycling for commuting purposes, may contribute to differences in how cycling safety components coalesce into perceived safety.
Assessment of Intercostal Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Estimating Respiratory Compensation Point in Trained Endurance Athletes
Authors: Romero-Arenas Salvador , Quero-Calero Carmen Daniela , Abellan-Aynes Oriol , Andreu-Caravaca Luis , Fernandez-Calero Marta , Manonelles Pedro , Lopez-Plaza Daniel
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of estimating the respiratory compensation point (RCP) in trained endurance athletes by analyzing intercostal muscles’ NIRS-derived tissue oxygenation dynamics. Seventeen experienced trail runners underwent an incremental treadmill protocol on two separate occasions, with a 7-day gap between assessments. Gas exchange and muscle oxygenation data were collected, and the oxygen saturation breakpoint (SmO2BP) measured in the intercostal muscles was compared to the RCP, which was identified by the increase in the VE/V.CO2 slope and the point at which the PetCO2 started to decrease. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two methods for any of the variables analyzed. Bland–Altman analysis showed significant agreement between the NIRS and gas analyzer methods for speed (r = 0.96, p < 0.05), HR (r = 0.98, p < 0.05), V.O2 relative to body mass (r = 0.99, p < 0.05), and %SmO2 (r = 0.98, p < 0.05). The interclass correlation coefficient values showed moderate to good reliability (0.60 to 0.86), and test–retest analysis revealed mean differences within the confidence intervals for all variables. These findings suggest that the SmO2BP measured using a portable NIRS device in the intercostal muscles is a reliable and valid tool for estimating the RCP for experienced trail runners and might be useful for coaches and athletes to monitor endurance training.
Assessment of Computed Tomography Perfusion Research Landscape: A Topic Modeling Study
Authors: Ozkara Burak B. , Karabacak Mert , Margetis Konstantinos , Yedavalli Vivek S. , Wintermark Max , Bisdas Sotirios
Published: November 2023

The number of scholarly articles continues to rise. The continuous increase in scientific output poses a challenge for researchers, who must devote considerable time to collecting and analyzing these results. The topic modeling approach emerges as a novel response to this need. Considering the swift advancements in computed tomography perfusion (CTP), we deem it essential to launch an initiative focused on topic modeling. We conducted a comprehensive search of the Scopus database from 1 January 2000 to 16 August 2023, to identify relevant articles about CTP. Using the BERTopic model, we derived a group of topics along with their respective representative articles. For the 2020s, linear regression models were used to identify and interpret trending topics. From the most to the least prevalent, the topics that were identified include “Tumor Vascularity”, “Stroke Assessment”, “Myocardial Perfusion”, “Intracerebral Hemorrhage”, “Imaging Optimization”, “Reperfusion Therapy”, “Postprocessing”, “Carotid Artery Disease”, “Seizures”, “Hemorrhagic Transformation”, “Artificial Intelligence”, and “Moyamoya Disease”. The model provided insights into the trends of the current decade, highlighting “Postprocessing” and “Artificial Intelligence” as the most trending topics.
The State-of-the-Art of the Humoral Memory Response to Snakebites: Insights from the Yanomami Population
Authors: Jati Sewbert Rodrigues , dos Anjos Martins Thais Andréa , Rocha Anderson Maciel , Melo-dos-Santos Guilherme , de Oliveira Isadora Sousa , Ferreira Isabela Gobbo , de Farias Altair Seabra , Filardi Eloise T. M. , Cerni Felipe Augusto , Sartim Marco Aurélio , de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett Jacqueline , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Pucca Manuela Berto
Published: November 2023

Snakebite envenomation (SBE)-induced immunity refers to individuals who have been previously bitten by a snake and developed a protective immune response against subsequent envenomations. The notion stems from observations of individuals, including in the indigenous population, who present only mild signs and symptoms after surviving multiple SBEs. Indeed, these observations have engendered scientific interest and prompted inquiries into the potential development of a protective immunity from exposure to snake toxins. This review explores the evidence of a protective immune response developing following SBE. Studies suggest that natural exposure to snake toxins can trigger protection from the severity of SBEs, mediated by specific antibodies. However, the evaluation of the immune memory response in SBE patients remains challenging. Further research is needed to elucidate the immune response dynamics and identify potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the estimation of the effect of previous exposures on SBE epidemiology in hyperendemic areas, such as in the indigenous villages of the Amazon region (e.g., the Yanomami population) is a matter of debate.
Reply to Standaert, B. Comment on “Postma et al. Predicted Public Health and Economic Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination with Variable Duration of Protection for Adults ≥60 Years in Belgium”
Authors: Postma Maarten J. , Cheng Chih-Yuan , Buyukkaramikli Nasuh C. , Hernandez Pastor Luis , Vandersmissen Ine , Van Effelterre Thierry , Openshaw Peter , Simoens Steven
Published: November 2023

We have read the commentary from Baudouin Standaert [...]
Using RS and GIS Techniques to Assess and Monitor Coastal Changes of Coastal Islands in the Marine Environment of a Humid Tropical Region
Authors: Chettiyam Thodi Muhamed Fasil , Gopinath Girish , Surendran Udayar Pillai , Prem Pranav , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Mattar Mohamed A.
Published: November 2023

Vypin, Vallarpadam, and Bolgatty are significant tropical coastal islands situated in the humid tropical Kerala region of India, notable for their environmental sensitivity. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of shoreline alterations on these islands by integrating Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Utilizing satellite imagery from the LANDSAT series with a spatial resolution of 30 m, the analysis spanned the years from 1973 to 2019. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool, integrated into the ArcGIS software, was employed to monitor and analyze shoreline shifts, encompassing erosion and accretion. Various statistical parameters, including Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate (LRR), were utilized to evaluate these changes. Additionally, the study aimed to discern the root causes of shoreline modifications in the study area, encompassing disturbances and the construction of new structures on these islands. The results conclusively demonstrated the substantial impact endured by these coastal islands, with accretion on both sides leading to the creation of new landmasses. This manuscript effectively illustrates that these islands have experienced marine transgression, notably evidenced by accretion. Anthropogenic activities were identified as the primary drivers behind the observed shoreline changes, underscoring the need for careful management and sustainable practices in these fragile coastal ecosystems.
Impact of Hydrodynamic Conditions on the Production and Distribution of Extracellular Polymeric Substance in River Biofilms
Authors: Pan Mei , Li Haizong , Han Xiangyun , Jiang Siyi , Diao Yusen , Ma Weixing , Li Xuan , Qin Jiaojiao , Yao Jianchun , Wang Zhitong
Published: November 2023

The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) plays a key factor in biofilm formation. However, the research on the importance of each EPS fraction is mainly concentrated in the activated sludge field. In this study, biofilms were cultivated under different hydrodynamic conditions in indoor flumes, and the important regulatory effects of dissolved EPS (SB-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) on biofilm formation were investigated. The results indicated that the ratios of soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were 27:74:108 in the turbulent flow, 38:48:71 in the transitional flow, and 89:51:51 in the laminar flow. Regarding proportion, TB-EPS and LB-EPS were secreted more in the turbulent flow, while S-EPS was secreted slightly more in the laminar flow. S-EPS lacks the structural strength provided by bound EPS. Under the special bonding effects of LB-EPS and TB-EPS, many microcolonies join to form biofilms. The polysaccharide content in the EPS of biofilms remained dominant under all conditions. Polysaccharides are the core of biofilm formation, which enhance bacterial aggregation and make biofilm dense. Through the mutual verification of the results in the microscopic and macroscopic fields, the mechanism of biofilm formation was further elucidated, especially, in Stage IV, due to the special bonding effects of LB-EPS and TB-EPS, many colonies adhere to the mature biofilm. Further studies are required to investigate the extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in EPS along with their properties in biofilms.
Double manual versus automated cleaning of loaner depth gauges used in clinical practice
Authors: Boff Isabela Marra de Queiroz , Costa Dayane de Melo , Goulart Débora Moura Miranda , Pereira Luiz Antônio , Santos Michelle Augusta dos , Vasconcelos Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira Leão , Tipple Anaclara Ferreira Veiga
Published: November 2023

Background: Automated cleaning is recommended for reprocessing complex design surgical instruments, as it is reproducible and cleaning parameters can be controlled. However, automated equipment may not be a reality for many hospitals, particularly in lower-middle income countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of double manual cleaning and automated cleaning of depth gauges in use in clinical practice and supplied in a loaner system. Design: Twenty four depth gauges available for use in a loaner system were evaluated before double manual cleaning (Group 1) or immediately after double manual cleaning (Group 2), or automated thermal disinfector cleaning (Group 3) or automated ultrasonic cleaning (Group 4). Thereafter, the depth gauges in each group were analysed by visual inspection (n = 24), bacterial culture (n = 12), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test (n = 12). Results: Stains, grooves, oxidation or visible debris were detected on at least one of the depth gauges from each group, and most were positive for bacterial growth (n = 11/12). Cleaning methods significantly reduced the amount of ATP (P < 0.05), except for automated ultrasonic cleaning. Conclusions: Double manual cleaning of depth gauges was similar to automated cleaning in a thermal disinfector, suggesting the possibility for implementing double manual cleaning as an alternative in sterilising service units where automated cleaning equipment is not avaliable.
Réflexion sur les conditions de vie des travailleurs immigrés
Authors:   Migrants-Formation
Published: November 2023

Le temps est passé où le contenu des stages de formation se réduisait presque exclusivement pour les moniteurs de cours de français à une information de caractère linguistique. Pour eux, comme pour les travailleurs sociaux, et pour répondre à leur demande, une partie importante du programme est désormais consacrée à une information sur le phénomène migratoire et sur les conditions de vie et de travail des immigrés. En effet, on n’imagine plus maintenant qu’il soit possible d’entrer en relations avec les migrants et leurs familles, sans avoir réfléchi sur les origines de leur exil, et sans avoir quelque idée de leurs difficultés d’insertion dans la société française.
Progressions et critères de progression pour une initiation à la lecture
Authors: Colombier Pierre
Published: November 2023

Le lecteur ne trouvera pas dans l'article ci-dessous de propositions pédagogiques pour un apprentissage de la lecture.

Chaque enseignant, chaque formateur, s'est forgé une conception personnelle des meilleurs moyens pour aider l'apprenant à lire, qu'il soit enfant ou adulte. Par ailleurs, il a à sa disposition de nombreuses méthodes toutes faites de lecture. Qu’ est-ce qui soustend les convictions des pédagogues et les postulats méthodologiques des auteurs de manuels ? Personne en général, ne pose ces questions et surtout personne n'y répond.

Pierre Colombier nous propose une grille d’analyse de nos méthodes et de nos options pédagogiques afin que nous puissions être plus conscients de ce que nous faisons quand nous nous proposons d' apprendre à lire à quelqu'un.
Rencontre avec un musicien algérien
Authors: Ould Aoudia Andrée , Guem Abdelmajid
Published: November 2023

Guem est depuis dix ans professeur de percussions au Centre Culturel américain de Paris. Il compose, grave des disques, donne des concerts et des spectacles pour faire connaître un aspect de l'expression musicale maghrébine. Il a bien voulu répondre aux questions de Migrants-Formation.
Travail social et éducation alimentaire
Authors:   Informations Sociales
Published: November 2023

L'article qui suit est la transcription d'un entretien enregistré dans un Centre Social de la Caisse d’allocations familiales de Paris situé dans un quartier populaire (rue de Tanger, dans le XIXe arrondissement). Depuis plusieurs années, ce Centre s’intéresse aux problèmes alimentaires et de nombreuses activités ont été mises en place dans ce domaine : cours de cuisine, informations alimentaires régulières et à la demande dans le cadre des cours de couture, organisation, chaque trimestre, d'une journée ouverte, "non-stop", sur le thème alimentaire.

D'autre part, le Centre attache une grande importance à l'action d'éducation alimentaire menée auprès de femmes migrantes, à la fois sous forme de séances hebdomadaires au Centre, en groupe restreint (de 12 à 18 personnes ) et d’interventions d'une travailleuse familiale à domicile, lorsque la demande en est faite. Enfin, une action individuelle d'information alimentaire est menée dans le cadre de l'aide budgétaire apportée à domicile à des familles confrontées à des difficultés de gestion.

C'est à la lumière de ces diverses expériences que la conseillère en économie sociale et familiale et la travailleuse familiale exerçant dans le Centre ont bien voulu répondre aux questions d’Informations Sociales.