bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of long-term unmet needs and unmet rehabilitation needs on the quality of life in stroke survivors
Authors: Lee Yookyung , Kim Won-Seok , Chang Won Kee , Jung Yun Sun , Jee Sungju , Ko Sung-Hwa , Sohn Min Kyun , Shin Yong-Il , Bae Hee-Joon , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Jun Yup , Shin Dong-Ick , Yum Kyu Sun , Chae Hee-Yun , Kim Dae-Hyun , Cha Jae-Kwan , Park Man-Seok , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang-Ho , Kang Jihoon , Paik Nam-Jong
Published: March 2024

Background

Unmet long-term needs and rehabilitation needs are prevalent among stroke survivors and affect their quality of life. We aimed to identify the long-term unmet needs and unmet rehabilitation needs among stroke survivors in South Korea and evaluate their intercorrelations with health-related quality of life.

Methods

Stroke survivors who were admitted to four Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Centers between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 were telephonically surveyed using a computer-assisted telephone interview method. With the aim of surveying approximately 1,000 patients, 9,204 people were recruited through random sampling. Unmet needs were evaluated on the basis of Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke questionnaire items. Quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQoL 5-dimension, 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire and the EQ-5D index.

Results

Among the participants, 93.6% experienced at least one unmet need and 311 (32.6%) reported unmet rehabilitation needs. The number of unmet needs, age, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, and previous stroke showed significant negative correlations with the EQ-5D index (p-value < 0.05). The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for reporting unmet rehabilitation needs significantly increased with problems in mobility (OR, 4.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.64-6.76), self-care (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 3.32-5.98), usual activities (OR, 5.78; 95% CI, 4.21-7.93), pain/discomfort (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 2.76-5.06), anxiety/depression (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.74-4.91), higher mRS score (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 2.29-4.28), prior hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.81), and number of unmet needs (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.25-1.36).

Conclusions

Unmet needs were prevalent among stroke survivors and were associated with a lower quality of life and increased odds of reporting unmet rehabilitation needs. Further research is needed to investigate strategies for addressing these subjective unmet needs with the aim of improving the long-term quality of life of stroke survivors.
Methodological choices matter: A systematic comparison of TMS-EEG studies targeting the primary motor cortex
Authors: Beck Mikkel Malling , Heyl Marieke , Mejer Louise , Vinding Mikkel C. , Christiansen Lasse , Tomasevic Leo , Siebner Hartwig Roman
Published: March 2024

Background

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) triggers time-locked cortical activity that can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). Transcranial evoked potentials (TEPs) are widely used to probe brain responses to TMS.

Methods

Here, we systematically reviewed 137 published experiments that studied TEPs elicited from TMS to the human primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy individuals to investigate the impact of methodological choices. We scrutinized prevalent methodological choices and assessed how consistently they were reported in published papers. We extracted amplitudes and latencies from reported TEPs and compared total cortical activation and specific TEP peaks and components.

Results

Reporting of methodological details was overall sufficient, but some relevant information regarding the TMS settings and the recording and pre-processing of EEG data were missing in more than 25% of the included experiments. The published TEP latencies and amplitudes confirm the ’prototypical’ TEP waveform of M1, comprising distinct N15, P30, N45, P60, N100, and P180 peaks. However, variations in amplitude and latencies were evident across studies. Higher stimulation intensities were associated with overall larger TEP amplitudes. Active noise masking during TMS generally resulted in lower TEP amplitudes compared to no or passive masking but did not specifically impact those TEP peaks linked to long-latency sensory processing. Studies implementing independent component analysis (ICA) for artifact removal generally reported lower TEP amplitudes.

Conclusion

Some aspects of reporting practices could be improved in TEP studies to enable replication. Methodological choices, including TMS intensity and the use of noise masking or ICA, introduce systematic differences in reported TEP amplitudes. Further investigation into the significance of these and other methodological factors and their interactions is warranted.
123FASTQ: an intuitive and efficient tool for preprocessing Illumina FASTQ reads
Authors: Eidi Milad , Abdolalizadeh Samaneh , Nasirpour Mohammad Hossein , Zahiri Javad , Garshasbi Masoud
Published: March 2024

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genetic research, but preprocessing raw sequencing reads remains a crucial step. Existing tools for quality control (QC) and trimming have limitations, leading to fragmented workflows. In this article, we present 123FASTQ, a comprehensive and user-centric software solution that integrates QC analysis, trimming, and format conversion in a userfriendly interface. 123FASTQ combines the advantages of existing tools while addressing their limitations. It offers improved QC analysis with insightful visualizations, semi-automated trimming recommendations based on QC results, and various trimming options. The software also supports different file formats and provides efficient performance. By simplifying NGS data preprocessing, 123FASTQ enables researchers to utilize high-quality reads for downstream analyses. It is cross-platform and freely available athttps://sourceforge.net/projects/project-123ngs/.
HIV-1 Nef synergizes with APOL1-G1 to induce nephrocyte cell death in aDrosophilamodel of HIV-related kidney diseases
Authors: Zhu Jun-yi , Fu Yulong , van de Leemput Joyce , Yu Jing , Li Jinliang , Ray Patricio E. , Han Zhe
Published: March 2024

Background

People carrying twoAPOL1risk alleles (RA)G1orG2are at greater risk of developing HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Studies in transgenic mice showed that the expression of HIV-1 genes in podocytes, andnefin particular, led to HIVAN. However, it remains unclear whether APOL1-RA and HIV-1 Nef interact to induce podocyte cell death.

Method

We generated transgenic (Tg) flies that expressAPOL1-G1(derived from a child with HIVAN) and HIV-1nefspecifically in the nephrocytes, the fly equivalent of mammalian podocytes, and assessed their individual and combined effects on the nephrocyte filtration structure and function.

Results

We found that HIV-1 Nef acts in synergy with APOL1-G1 resulting in nephrocyte structural and functional defects. Specifically, HIV-1 Nef itself can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress without affecting autophagy. Furthermore, Nef exacerbates the organelle acidification defects and autophagy reduction induced by APOL1-G1. The synergy between HIV-1 Nef and APOL1-G1 is built on their joint effects on elevating ER stress, triggering nephrocyte dysfunction and ultimately cell death.

Conclusions

Using a newDrosophilamodel of HIV-1-related kidney diseases, we identified ER stress as the converging point for the synergy between HIV-1 Nef and APOL1-G1 in inducing nephrocyte cell death. Given the high relevance betweenDrosophilanephrocytes and human podocytes, this finding suggests ER stress as a new therapeutic target for HIV-1 and APOL1-associated nephropathies.

HIGHLIGHTS

A new transgenicDrosophilamodel to study the pathogenesis of HIV-1-related kidney diseases with nephrocyte-specific expression of HIV-1nefand anAPOL1-G1risk allele derived from a patient with HIVAN.

APOL1-G1 caused organelle acidification defects, reduced formation of autophagolysosomes, and reduced autophagy and protein aggregation, which culminated in ER stress.

HIV-1 Nef induced ER stress through an autophagy-independent pathway. Furthermore, Nef and APOL1-G1 acted synergistically to heighten ER stress, which resulted in nephrocyte dysfunction and cell death.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

APOL1risk alleles are strongly linked to HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) in people of African descent, but how HIV-1 and APOL1 interact and which pathways they might converge upon is unclear. A newDrosophilamodel to study HIV-1 Nef and APOL1-G1 (a risk allele) showed that Nef can induce ER stress in nephrocytes by itself, as well as exacerbate the organelle acidification defects and reduced autophagy induced by APOL1-G1, which further stimulates ER stress to a level that could cause nephrocyte cell death. Thus, we identified ER stress as the converging point for the synergy between APOL1-G1 and HIV-1 Nef in kidney cells, providing a potential therapeutic target for HIV-1 and APOL1-associated nephropathies.
LPOR and the membranes – evolutionary pathway towards prolamellar body formation
Authors: Ogrodzińska Wiktoria , Szafran Katarzyna , Łuszczyński Mateusz , Woźnicka Olga , Gabruk Michał
Published: March 2024

Light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) has captivated the interest of the research community for decades. One reason is the photocatalytic nature of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme, and the other is the involvement of LPOR in the formation of a paracrystalline lattice called a prolamellar body (PLB) that disintegrates upon illumination, initiating a process of photosynthetic membrane formation.

In this paper, we have integrated three traditional methods previously employed to study the properties of the enzyme to investigate how LPOR evolved and how PLB forms. We found that in cyanobacteria, LPOR activity appears to be independent of lipids, with membrane interaction primarily affecting the enzyme post-reaction, with MGDG and PG having opposite effects on SynPOR. In contrast, plant isoforms exhibit sequence alterations, rendering the enzyme effective in substrate binding mainly in the presence of anionic lipids, depending on residues at positions 122, 312, and 318. Moreover, we demonstrated that the interaction with MGDG could initially serve as enhancement of the substrate specificity towards monovinyl-protochlorophyllide (Pchlide). We have shown that the second LPOR isoforms of eudicots and monocots accumulated mutations that made these variants less and more dependent on anionic lipids, respectively. Finally, we have shown that in the presence of Pchlide, NADP+, and the lipids, plant but not cyanobacterial LPOR homolog remodel membranes into the cubic phase. The cubic phase is preserved if samples supplemented with NADP+ are enriched with NADPH.

The results are discussed in the evolutionary context, and the model of PLB formation is presented.

Significance

LPOR is a unique enzyme with photocatalytic properties, developed by cyanobacteria and inherited by algae and plants. In this study, we investigated the properties of the cyanobacterial homolog, revealing that two lipids, PG and MGDG, have opposite effects on enzyme activity. Additionally, we identified mutations in plant isoforms that render the enzyme dependent on anionic lipids. Moreover, we demonstrated that in the presence of NADP+, the plant homolog remodels lipids into a cubic phase, which appears to be the initial step of prolamellar body (PLB) formation. PLB is a unique paracrystalline arrangement of lipids and proteins found in immature chloroplasts, which disintegrates upon illumination, initiating photosynthetic membrane formation.
Neuronal substance-P drives breast cancer growth and metastasisviaan extracellular RNA-TLR7 axis
Authors: Padmanaban Veena , Keller Isabel , Seltzer Ethan S. , Ostendorf Benjamin N. , Kerner Zachary , Tavazoie Sohail F.
Published: March 2024

Increased tumour innervation is associated with adverse survival outcomes in multiple cancers1–4. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this, we studied the impact of innervation on breast cancer metastatic progression. Metastatic mammary tumours of mice were substantially more innervated than non-metastatic isogenic tumours. Three dimensional co-cultures andin vivomodels revealed that sensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons enhanced the growth, invasion, and systemic dissemination of cancer cells—thereby driving breast cancer metastasis. Byin vitroscreening of neuropeptides known to be secreted by DRG neurons, we identified substance-P (SP) as a mediator of these pro-metastatic functions. Neuronal SP signaled through tumoural tachykinin receptors (TACR1) to drive single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) secretion from cancer cells. Extracellular RNA acted on tumoural TLR7 receptors to activate an autocrine pro-metastatic gene expression program. In support of these findings, patient tumours with increased SP expression exhibited higher rates of lymph node metastasis. Additionally, this SP/ssRNA inducedTlr7gene expression signature associated with reduced breast cancer survival outcomes in two independent patient cohorts. Finally, therapeutic targeting of this neuro-cancer axis with the TACR1 antagonist aprepitant, an approved anti-nausea drug, suppressed breast cancer metastasis in multiple mouse models. Our findings reveal multiple aspects of metastatic progression to be regulated by neurons via a therapeutically targetable neuropeptide/extracellular RNA sensing axis.
Complications and treatment of hypercalciuria in patients affected by Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension (FHHt)
Authors: D’Ambrosio Viola , Wan Elizabeth R , Hawkins-van der Cingel Gerlineke , Siew Keith , McKnight Olivia , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Walsh Stephen B
Published: March 2024

Background and hypothesis

Gordon syndrome (also pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) or Familial Hyperkalemia with Hypertension (FHHt)) is a genetic condition characterised by hypertension, hyperkalaemia, hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria caused by an activation of the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC, encoded bySLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Thiazides rescue the electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities however, it is not known whether they decrease urinary calcium excretion, nephrolithiasis and low bone mineral density.

Methods

We examined a cohort of 11 patients with genetically confirmed FHHt. Biochemical, radiological, and clinical data was obtained in patients before and after thiazide treatment. All patients gave informed consent.

Results

Among the FHHt cohort 5 of the 11 patients were female. 7 patients had heterozygous pathogenic variants inKLHL3, 3 patients had variants inWNK4, and one had a variant inWNK1. At baseline, only 1 patient was hypertensive, all patients were hyperkalemic, whereas only 40% of patients had low serum bicarbonate and increased urinary calcium excretion. 50% of patients also had low bone mineral density (either osteopenia or osteoporosis) and 1 patient had bilateral nephrolithiasis. 6 patients were treated with thiazide diuretic and therefore were suitable for comparison between pre and post treatment biochemistry and imaging data.

While both serum and urinary biochemistry was completely reverted after thiazide treatment, bone mineral density had a worsening trend. 1 patient presented with bilateral nephrolithiasis after thiazide treatment.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that thiazide treatment normalizes serum and urinary biochemistry. Thiazide treatment therefore has clinical utility even if hypertension or hyperkalaemia are not problematic. According to our study, thiazide treatment does not seem to revert loss of bone mineral density, however, whether thiazides have an impact in nephrolithiasis is less clear and our results may require larger samples.
Structure-aware protein sequence alignment using contrastive learning
Authors: You Ronghui , Yi Yuhao , Zhu Shanfeng
Published: March 2024

Protein alignment is a critical process in bioinformatics and molecular biology. Despite structure-based alignment methods being able to achieve desirable performance, only a very small number of structures are available among the vast of known protein sequences. Therefore, developing an efficient and effective sequence-based protein alignment method is of significant importance. In this study, we propose CLAlign, which is a structure-aware sequence-based protein alignment method by using contrastive learning. Experimental results show that CLAlign outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by at least 12.5% and 24.5% on two common benchmarks, Malidup and Malisam.
RNAinformer: Generative RNA Design With Tertiary Interactions
Authors: Patil Sharat , Runge Frederic , Franke Jörg K.H. , Hutter Frank
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The function of an RNA molecule depends on its structure and a strong structure-to-function relationship is already achieved on the secondary structure level of RNA. Therefore, the secondary structure based design of RNAs is one of the major challenges in computational biology. A common approach to RNA design is inverse RNA folding. However, existing RNA design methods cannot invert all folding algorithms because they cannot represent all types of base interactions. In this work, we propose RNAinformer, a novel generative transformer based approach to the inverse RNA folding problem. Leveraging axial-attention, we directly model the secondary structure input represented as an adjacency matrix in a 2D latent space, which allows us to invert all existing secondary structure prediction algorithms. Consequently, RNAinformer is the first model capable of designing RNAs from secondary structures with all base interactions, including non-canonical base pairs and tertiary interactions like pseudoknots and base multiplets. We demonstrate RNAinformer’s state-of-the-art performance across different RNA design benchmarks and showcase its novelty by inverting different RNA secondary structure prediction algorithms.
Cas1 mediates the interference stage in a phage-encoded CRISPR-Cas system
Authors: Zhang Laixing , Wang Hao , Zeng Jianwei , Cao Xueli , Gao Zhengyu , Liu Zihe , Li Feixue , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Yi , Yang Maojun , Feng Yue
Published: March 2024

CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic adaptive immune systems against invading phages and other mobile genetic elements, which function in three stages: adaptation, expression and interference. Interestingly, phages were also found to encode CRISPR-Cas systems to antagonize their hosts and establish infection. TheVibrio cholerae-infecting ICP1 phage was the first discovered phage with a functional CRISPR-Cas system against an antiphage region in the host genome. Nevertheless, this system lacks a domain essential for recruitment of helicase-nuclease Cas2/3 during target DNA cleavage, and how this system accomplishes the interference stage remains unknown. Here, surprisingly, we found that Cas1, a highly conserved component known to exclusively work in the adaptation stage, also mediates the interference stage through connecting Cas2/3 to the DNA bound-Cascade (Csy) complex of the ICP1 CRISPR-Cas system. A series of structures of Csy, Csy-dsDNA, Cas1-Cas2/3 and Csy-dsDNA-Cas1-Cas2/3 complexes collectively reveal the whole process of Cas1-mediated target DNA cleavage by the ICP1 CRISPR-Cas system. Together, these data support an unprecedented model in which Cas1 mediates the interference stage in a phage-encoded CRISPR-Cas system and also shed light on a unique model of primed adaptation.
GutEggerthella lentapromotes the efficacy of resveratrol through reductive metabolism
Authors: Dong Zhixiang , Yu Peijun , Zhou Hui , Li Rui , Sun Qiang , Yang Yunpeng , Gu Yang , Jiang Weihong
Published: March 2024

Resveratrol (RSV) is a plant-derived natural product with diverse biological activities. It has attracted considerable attention for its notable efficacy in nutritional health and disease treatment. The physiological impact of RSV in the human body is closely connected to the gut microbiota; however, the primary gut microorganisms responsible for RSV metabolism and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, based on theex vivoculturing of the gut microbiota from human feces, we isolated a bacterium capable of efficiently metabolizing RSV, namelyEggerthella lentaJ01. Through the induced enrichment transcriptomics and bioinformatic analyses, we further identified a resveratrol reductase (RER) fromE. lentaJ01, which specifically catalyzes the hydrogenation of the C9–C10 double bond of RSV and initiates RSV’s in vivo metabolism. RER and its homologs represent a novel class of ene-reductases. The abundance of RER in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals was significantly higher than that in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting its crucial physiological function. Cell culture experiments and animal studies showed that dihydroresveratrol (DHR), a metabolite of RSV catalyzed by RER, exhibited stronger biological activity in inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cells and alleviating symptoms of enteritis in mouse models. Our results expand the understanding of gut microbial metabolism of RSV and its medicinal functions, providing possible guidance for optimizing RSV bioavailability in the human body.
Stromal DUF760-1 and DUF760-2 proteins are degraded by the chloroplast Clp protease system but have very different half-lives
Authors: Yuan Bingjian , van Wijk Klaas J.
Published: March 2024

The chloroplast AAA+ chaperone CLPC1 aids to select, unfold and deliver hundreds of proteins to the stromal CLP protease core complex for degradation. Throughin vivoCLPC1 trapping we previously identified dozens of trapped proteins that are substrate adaptors (e.g.CLPS1 and CLPF), other chaperones (CLPC2 and CLPD) or (potential) substrates (e.g.RH3) for the CLP chaperone-protease system. Here we show that two of these highly trapped proteins, DUF760-1 and DUF760-2, are substrates for the chloroplast CLP protease system.In plantaBiFC and yeast-2-hybrid analyses show that both DUF760 proteins can directly interact with the N-domain of CLPC1. Immunoblotting and confocal microscopy analysis demonstrates that both DUF760 proteins are highly enriched inclpc1-1andclpr2-1loss-of function mutants.In vivocycloheximide chase assays in different genetic backgrounds show that DUF760-1 and 2 are both degraded by the chloroplast CLP protease. The half-life of DUF760-1 is 4-6 hours, whereas DUF760-2 is so unstable that it is very hard to detect unless degradation is inhibited in CLP loss-of-function alleles. Null mutants for DUF760-1 and DUF760-2 show weak but differential pigment phenotypes and differential sensitivity of protein translation inhibitors. The functions of these DUF760 proteins are unknown; the lack of shared mRNA co-expressors and the large difference in half-life and protein abundance, suggest that they play different roles within the chloroplast. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DUF760-1 and 2 are newly discovered substrates of CLP chaperone-protease system.
Dietary restriction reveals sex-specific expression of the mTOR pathway genes in Japanese quails
Authors: Reda Gebrehaweria K. , Ndunguru Sawadi F. , Csernus Brigitta , Knop Renáta , Lugata James K. , Szabó Csaba , Czeglédi Levente , Lendvai Ádám Z.
Published: March 2024

Limited resources affect an organism’s physiology through the conserved metabolic pathway, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Males and females often react differently to nutritional limitation, but whether it leads to differential mTOR pathway expression remains unknown. Recently, we found that dietary restriction (DR) induced significant changes in the expression of mTOR pathway genes in female Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). We simultaneously exposed 32 male and female Japanese quails to either 20%, 30%, 40% restriction orad libitumfeeding for 14 days and determined the expression of six key genes of the mTOR pathway in the liver to investigate sex differences in the expression patterns. We found that DR significantly reduced body mass, albeit the effect was milder in males compared to females. We observed sex-specific liver gene expression. DR downregulatedmTORexpression more in females than in males. Under moderate DR,ATG9AandRPS6K1were increased more in males than in females. Like females, body mass in males was correlated positively withmTORandIGF1,but negatively withATG9AandRS6K1. Our findings highlight that sexes may cope with nutritional deficits differently and emphasise the importance of considering sexual differences in studies of dietary restriction.
Tyrosine 1–phosphorylated RNA polymerase II transcribes PROMPTs to facilitate proximal promoter pausing and induce global transcriptional repression in response to DNA damage
Authors: Ajit Kamal , Alagia Adele , Burger Kaspar , Gullerova Monika
Published: March 2024

DNA damage triggers a complex transcriptional response that involves both activation and repression of gene expression. In this study, we investigated global changes in transcription in response to ionizing irradiation (IR), which induces double-strand breaks in DNA. We used mNET-seq to profile nascent transcripts bound to different phosphorylated forms of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD). We found that IR leads to global transcriptional repression of protein-coding genes, accompanied by an increase in antisense transcripts near promoters, called PROMPTs, transcribed by RNA Pol II phosphorylated on tyrosine 1 (Y1P) residue of the CTD. These Y1P-transcribed PROMPTs are enriched for PRC2 binding sites and associated with RNA Pol II proximal promoter pausing. We show the interaction between Y1P RNA Pol II and PRC2, as well as PRC2 binding to PROMPTs. Inhibition of PROMPTs or depletion of PRC2 leads to loss of transcriptional repression. Our results reveal a novel function of Y1P-dependent PROMPTs in mediating PRC2 recruitment to chromatin and RNA Pol II promoter pausing in response to DNA damage.
Absence of
Ni2+/Ni3+
charge disproportionation and possible roles of O
2p
holes in
La3Ni2O7−δ
revealed by hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Takegami D. , Fujinuma K. , Nakamura R. , Yoshimura M. , Tsuei K.-D. , Wang G. , Wang N. N. , Cheng J.-G. , Uwatoko Y. , Mizokawa T.
Published: March 2024

We have investigated the electronic structure of La3Ni2O7−δ (δ≈0.07) by means of hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). Although the nominal Ni valence is close to +2.5, the Ni 2p HAXPES spectra show an absence of Ni2+/Ni3+ charge disproportionation. The Ni 2p spectral shape including the main peak and the charge-transfer satellite indicate that oxygen 2p holes are heavily involved in the transport properties. The spectral weight suppression at the Fermi level indicates that the carriers of O 2p character (mixed with Ni 3d) are affected by electronic correlation which would be associated with the density wave transition and the superconductivity controlled by pressure.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Radiative corrections to the
τ−→(P1P2)−vτ
(
P1,2=π,K
) decays
Authors: Escribano Rafel , Miranda Jesús Alejandro , Roig Pablo
Published: March 2024

The radiative corrections to the τ−→(P1P2)−ντ (P1,2=π, K) decays are calculated for the first time including the structure-dependent real photon corrections, which are obtained using resonance chiral theory. Our results, whose uncertainty is dominated by the model dependence of the resummation of the radiative corrections and the missing virtual structure-dependent contributions, allow for precise tests of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity, lepton flavor universality, and nonstandard interactions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Masses of magnetized pseudoscalar and vector mesons in an extended NJL model: The role of axial vector mesons
Authors: Coppola M. , Gomez Dumm D. , Noguera S. , Scoccola N. N.
Published: March 2024

We study the mass spectrum of light pseudoscalar and vector mesons in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field B→, considering the effects of the mixing with the axial-vector meson sector. The analysis is performed within a two-flavor NJL-like model which includes isoscalar and isovector couplings together with a flavor mixing ’t Hooft-like term. The effect of the magnetic field on charged particles is taken into account by retaining the Schwinger phases carried by quark propagators, and expanding the corresponding meson fields in proper Ritus-like bases. The spin-isospin and spin-flavor decomposition of meson mass states is also analyzed. For neutral pion masses it is shown that the mixing with axial vector mesons improves previous theoretical results, leading to a monotonic decreasing behavior with B that is in good qualitative agreement with lattice QCD (LQCD) calculations, both for the case of constant or B-dependent couplings. Regarding charged pions, it is seen that the mixing softens the enhancement of their mass with B. As a consequence, the energy becomes lower than the one corresponding to a pointlike pion, improving the agreement with LQCD results. The agreement is also improved for the magnetic behavior of the lowest ρ+ energy state, which does not vanish for the considered range of values of B—a fact that can be relevant in connection with the occurrence of meson condensation for strong magnetic fields.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Analysis of
Tcc
and
Tbb
based on the hadronic molecular model and their spin multiplets
Authors: Sakai Manato , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro
Published: March 2024

Tcc(ccu¯d¯)+ has been reported by the LHCb experiment in 2022. The analysis using the Breit-Wigner parametrization found the small binding energy, 0.273 MeV, which is measured from the threshold of D*+D0. In this paper, we consider Tcc as a DD* hadronic molecule as a deuteronlike state. The one-boson exchange model is employed as for the heavy meson interactions, where we determine the cutoff parameter Λ to reproduce the reported binding energy of Tcc with I(JP)=0(1+). We discuss the properties of the bound state and also search for Tcc with quantum numbers other than 0(1+). Furthermore, we analyze Tbb as a bottom counterpart of Tcc, which involves two bottom quarks, and obtain several bound states. Finally, we consider the light-cloud basis for wave functions of the doubly heavy tetraquarks in the heavy quark limit. Using the basis, we find the spin multiplets of their bound states, indicating the spin structures of diquarks in Tcc and Tbb with the finite quark masses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Inferring the initial condition for the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation
Authors: Casuga Carlisle , Karhunen Mikko , Mäntysaari Heikki
Published: March 2024

We apply Bayesian inference to determine the posterior likelihood distribution for the parameters describing the initial condition of the small-x Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation at leading logarithmic accuracy. The HERA structure function data is found to constrain most of the model parameters well. In particular, we find that the HERA data prefers an anomalous dimension γ≈1 unlike in previous fits where γ>1 which led to, e.g., the unintegrated gluon distribution and the quark-target cross sections not being positive definite. The determined posterior distribution can be used to propagate the uncertainties in the nonperturbative initial condition when calculating any other observable in the color glass condensate framework. We demonstrate this explicitly for the inclusive quark production cross section in proton-proton collisions and by calculating predictions for the nuclear modification factor for the F2 structure function in the EIC and LHeC/FCC-he kinematics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Stochastic ultralight dark matter fluctuations in pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Kim Hyungjin , Mitridate Andrea
Published: March 2024

Metric perturbations induced by ultralight dark matter (ULDM) fields have long been identified as a potential target for pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. Previous works have focused on the coherent oscillation of metric perturbations at the characteristic frequency set by the ULDM mass. In this work, we show that ULDM fields source low-frequency stochastic metric fluctuations and that these low-frequency fluctuations can produce distinctive detectable signals in PTA data. Using the NANOGrav 12.5-yr dataset and synthetic datasets mimicking present and future PTA capabilities, we show that the current and future PTA observations provide the strongest probe of ULDM density within the Solar System for masses in the range of 10−18  eV−10−16  eV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Chiral hydrodynamics of expanding systems
Authors: Weickgenannt Nora , Blaizot Jean-Paul
Published: March 2024

We obtain equations of motion for the boost-invariant expansion of a system of chiral particles. Our analysis is based on the Boltzmann equation for left- and right-handed massless particles in the relaxation time approximation. We assume Bjorken symmetry, but allow for parity breaking. We generalize the relaxation time approximation to take into account the so-called side-jump effect, but we show that the ensuing correction happens to vanish for Bjorken symmetry. After expressing the conserved currents in terms of chiral moments, we derive equations of motion for these moments from the Boltzmann equation. After a suitable truncation, these equations allow us to study the transition from the early-time collisionless regime to the hydrodynamic regime at late time, where the parity-violating chiral moments decay exponentially. The truncation that we use for the parity-violating moments is shown to be identical to Israel-Stewart’s 14-moment approximation. Our final set of equations can be used to calculate the energy-momentum tensor, vector, and axial-vector currents with chiral degrees of freedom for possible applications in heavy-ion collisions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generalized skyrmion crystals with applications to neutron stars
Authors: Leask Paul , Huidobro Miguel , Wereszczynski Andrzej
Published: March 2024

In this article we study properties of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter in the generalized L0246-Skyrme model. This is achieved by canonically quantizing the isospin collective degrees of freedom of the recently found skyrmion multiwall crystal. We obtain, for the first time, an equation of state from the Skyrme model which interpolates between infinite isospin asymmetric nuclear matter and finite isospin symmetric atomic nuclei. This enables us to describe neutron stars with crusts within the Skyrme framework. Furthermore, we observe that the symmetry energy tends to a constant value at zero density, which can be identified with the asymmetry coefficient in the semiempirical mass formula for atomic nuclei. The symmetry energy also reveals a cusp in its structure below the nuclear saturation point n0 at n*∼3n0/4. This cusp density point n* can be interpreted as the nuclear density whereby the infinite crystalline multiwall configuration undergoes a phase transition to a finite isolated multiwall configuration. Both of these observations are observed to be generic features of skyrmion crystals that tend asymptotically to somewhat isolated skyrmion configurations in the zero density limit. We find that the resulting neutron stars from our study agree quite well with recent NICER/LIGO observational data.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Relativistic dynamics of moving mirrors in
CFT2
: Quantum backreaction and black holes
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Reyes Ignacio A. , Wintergerst Jakob
Published: March 2024

There is a well-known correspondence between the physics of black hole evaporation and that of moving mirrors in quantum field theory (QFT). However, most analyses in this subject rely on prescribed mirror trajectories. Here, we study the flat-space dynamics of 1+1-dimensional conformal field theories interacting with a relativistic boundary particle of mass m acting as a perfect mirror. The trajectory of the latter is not fixed but follows its own relativistic equation of motion Fμ=maμ. For given initial conditions at past null infinity, we find the boundary particle’s trajectory and the reflected energy-momentum of the quantum fields. For incoming vacuum states, the solution yields mirror orbits that correspond to extremal black holes. For the class of incoming states that produce orbits becoming null in finite proper time—corresponding to the formation of a horizon—at the classical level, the quantum backreaction avoids this endpoint rendering the mirror’s velocity finite in light cone coordinates. We investigate the behavior of the averaged null energy condition, which in this setup reduces to a boundary term.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Fracton gravity from spacetime dipole symmetry
Authors: Afxonidis Evangelos , Caddeo Alessio , Hoyos Carlos , Musso Daniele
Published: March 2024

Dipole charge conservation forces isolated charges to be immobile fractons. These couple naturally to spatial two-index symmetric tensor gauge fields that resemble a spatial metric. We propose a spacetime Lorentz-covariant version of dipole symmetry and study the theory of the associated gauge fields. In the presence of a suitable background field, these contain a massive antisymmetric and a massless symmetric two-index tensors. The latter transforms only under longitudinal diffeomorphisms, making the massless sector similar to linearized gravity, but with additional modes of lower spin. We show that the theory can be consistently coupled to a curved background metric and study its possible interaction terms with itself and with matter. In addition, we construct a map between solutions of linearized gravity in Kerr-Schild form and solutions of fracton gravity coupled to matter.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generalized Amit-Roginsky model from perturbations of 3D quantum gravity
Authors: Nador Victor , Oriti Daniele , Pang Xiankai , Tanasa Adrian , Wang Yi-Li
Published: March 2024

A generalized Amit-Roginsky vector model in flat space is obtained as the effective dynamics of pertubations around a classical solution of the Boulatov group field theory for 3D Euclidean quantum gravity, extended to include additional matter degrees of freedom. By further restricting the type of perturbations, the original Amit-Roginsky model can be obtained. This result suggests a general link (and possibly a unified framework) between two types of tensorial quantum field theories; on one hand quantum geometric group field theories and tensorial models for random geometry, and on the other hand melonic-dominated vector and tensorial models in flat space, such as the Amit-Roginsky model and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Stress inside the pion in holographic light-front QCD
Authors: Li Yang , Vary James P.
Published: March 2024

In this work, we propose a method to compute the gravitational form factor D(Q2) in holographic QCD by exploiting the remarkable correspondence between semiclassical light-front QCD and semiclassical field theories in wrapped spacetime in five dimensions. The use of light-front holography bridges physics at large Q2 as attained in light-front QCD and physics at small Q2 where the coupling to scalar and tensor fields, e.g. glueballs, are dominant. As an application, we compute the D-term for the pion and compare the results with recent lattice simulations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Density and confinement effects on fluid velocity slip
Authors: Corral-Casas Carlos , Chen Yichong , Borg Matthew K. , Gibelli Livio
Published: March 2024

Understanding the velocity slip of fluids in channels of molecular length scales is essential for accurately manipulating their flow in engineering applications, such as in water desalination or, by reversing the process, osmotic power generation. This study addresses two major open questions, namely (a) the range of validity of the Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions in describing fluid flows within channels of molecular confinement, and (b) the effect of fluid density and confinement as well as surface properties, such as microscopic roughness and curvature, on fluid slippage along walls. Using a hard-sphere fluid model and describing the fluid-wall interactions by the Maxwell scattering kernel, an event-driven molecular dynamics simulation study was performed in planar and cylindrical channels of different sizes and accommodation coefficients with varying fluid densities. The results show that the well-known criterion for the slip solution, which is valid in rarefied conditions, also holds for a dense gas, i.e., the predictive accuracy improves with decreasing Knudsen numbers, as long as the channel size is larger than about ten molecular diameters. We also find that the key quantity influencing the friction coefficient of a fluid is the peak density at the walls, rather than the nominal density, the fluid confinement, or the channel curvature, as found in previous studies. In particular, higher nominal densities lead to higher density peaks, and therefore a decrease in slip, while tighter confinements lead to lower density peaks, and therefore an increase in slip, regardless of channel geometry. Furthermore, the velocity slip depends on the microscopic roughness via the Smoluchowski factor. These findings are a stepping stone towards a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fluid velocity slip in molecular-scale channels.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Turbulence model augmented physics-informed neural networks for mean-flow reconstruction
Authors: Patel Yusuf , Mons Vincent , Marquet Olivier , Rigas Georgios
Published: March 2024

Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of turbulent flows are characterized by a tradeoff between accuracy and resolution. In this study, we combine accurate sparse pointwise mean velocity measurements with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using data assimilation methods. Importantly, we bridge the gap between data assimilation (DA) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and variational methods based on classical spatial discretization of the flow equations, by comparing both approaches on the same turbulent flow case. First, by constraining the PINN with sparse data and the underdetermined RANS equations without closure, we show that the mean flow is reconstructed to a higher accuracy than a RANS solver using the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. Second, we propose the SA turbulence model augmented PINN (PINN-DA-SA), which outperforms the former approach by up to 73% reduction in mean velocity reconstruction error with coarse measurements. The additional SA physics constraints improve flow reconstructions in regions with high velocity and pressure gradients and separation. Third, we compare the PINN-DA-SA approach to a variational data assimilation using the same sparse velocity measurements and physics constraints. The PINN-DA-SA achieves lower reconstruction error across a range of data resolutions. This is attributed to discretization errors in the variational methodology that are avoided by PINNs. We demonstrate the method using high-fidelity measurements from direct numerical simulation of the turbulent periodic hill at Re=5600.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Do corporate social responsibility drive sustainable purchase intention? An empirical study in emerging economy
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Le Thi Cam Tien , Nguyen Thi Nhan , Le Ngoc Phuong Vi
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to investigate whether corporate social responsibility awareness (pCSR), environmental concerns (EC) and consumer environmental knowledge (CK) will have an impact on sustainable purchase intention (SPI). Furthermore, this paper also contributes to surveying the mediating impact of consumer attitudes (CAs) between intention and the three factors mentioned above.

Design/methodology/approach

SmartPLS (version 4.0) structural equation modeling (SEM) and quantitative methods were used to analyze 457 responses from consumers. The survey sample consisted of individuals between the ages of 18 and 34, with a male-to-female ratio of 70 to 30. The study aims to examine and put into practice new directions for manufacturing firms in the fields of fashion, food and consumer products. At the same time, provide more convincing evidence about the use of these fields in the research.

Findings

The study showed a favorable link between pCSR, EC, CK and SPI through the proposed hypotheses. The research additionally showed that CAs mediate between the aforementioned variables.

Originality/value

The important and distinctive results of this study encourage both consumers and enterprises to make changes in their perceptions of society. Consumers should gradually change their daily lifestyle by consuming more sustainable products. As a result, this outcome will provide the impetus for manufacturing businesses to alter their operational procedures in order to support the shift from the production of products to more friendly processes, with the help of all levels of management within the business.
The more we post, the better? A comparative analysis of fan engagement on social media profiles of football leagues
Authors: Romero-Jara Edgar , Solanellas Francesc , López-Carril Samuel , Kolyperas Dimitrios , Anagnostopoulos Christos
Published: March 2024

Purpose

In a dynamic, continuously evolving sports landscape, social media have become an indispensable tool for sports organizations to cultivate meaningful connections with fans. The rapid pace of technological advancements has elevated these digital platforms from a supplementary role to a pivotal position within strategic management frameworks. The existing literature explores how football clubs can utilize social media, but analyzing social media strategies within the context of football leagues is lacking. The absence of comparative studies benchmarking clubs across different geographical regions while simultaneously analyzing multiple social media platforms is especially noteworthy. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of social media engagement is undertaken within esteemed football leagues spanning Europe, South America and North America.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on relationship marketing and employing content analysis as a methodological tool, the study examined 10,772 posts from the official accounts of eight football leagues on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.

Findings

Across the leagues, the findings reveal that content quality drives engagement more than frequency. In addition, several format combinations were identified that facilitate engagement and Instagram emerged as the top social media platform for generating fan engagement.

Originality/value

This is one of the first empirical studies focusing on optimizing the use of social media to amplify fan engagement across various geographies and social media accounts and formats simultaneously.