bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between hydrogen bonding and metal coordination in alkali metal tartrates and hydrogen tartrates
Authors: Gelbrich Thomas , Threlfall Terence L. , Hursthouse Michael B.
Published: May 2014

The aggregation of tartaric acid anions in the solid state is based on a small set of standard O–H⋯O bond motifs.
Crystal engineering with a purine rare tautomer: structures and luminescence properties
Authors: Khanna Shruti , Verma Sandeep
Published: May 2014

Cadmium interacts with purine nucleobases through N7 imino nitrogen and alters their amino–imino tautomeric equilibrium. Herein, we report unique crystallographic signatures and luminescence properties of cadmium complexes of N9-benzyl-N6-methoxyadenine exhibiting a variety of coordination numbers and spatial geometries.
Synthesis of ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticle tipped CdSe@CdS nanorods: critical role of Pt-activation
Authors: Hill Lawrence J. , Richey Nathaniel E. , Sung Younghun , Dirlam Philip T. , Griebel Jared J. , Shim In-Bo , Pinna Nicola , Willinger Marc-Georg , Vogel Walter , Char Kookheon , Pyun Jeffrey
Published: May 2014

Activation of CdSe@CdS nanorods by a platinum deposition reaction enables selective deposition of a single dipolar cobalt nanoparticle tip per nanorod.
Electrochemical properties of oxygenated cup-stacked carbon nanofiber-modified electrodes
Authors: Ko Seongjae , Tatsuma Tetsu , Sakoda Akiyoshi , Sakai Yasuyuki , Komori Kikuo
Published: May 2014

The electrochemical reaction kinetics of Fe2+/3+ and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− is tunable by controlling the oxygen/carbon atomic ratio at the CSCNF surface.
Structure-direction in the crystallization of ITW zeolites using 2-ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium
Authors: Rojas Alex , Camblor Miguel A.
Published: May 2014

2-Ethyl-1,3,4-trimethylimidazolium, the fifth and largest imidazolium cation able to produce the pure silica zeolite ITW, affords together with fluoride a significant flexibility enhancement of the SiO2 framework.
Cytochrome P450-catalyzed dealkylation of atrazine byRhodococcussp. strain NI86/21 involves hydrogen atom transfer rather than single electron transfer
Authors: Meyer Armin H. , Dybala-Defratyka Agnieszka , Alaimo Peter J. , Geronimo Inacrist , Sanchez Ariana D. , Cramer Christopher J. , Elsner Martin
Published: May 2014

Isotope effects and position-specificity of hydroxylation pinpoint hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) as prevailing mechanism in P450 catalyzed N-dealkylation of atrazine.
A computational study of ligand binding affinities in iron(iii) porphine and protoporphyrin IX complexes
Authors: Durrant Marcus C.
Published: May 2014

In the context of antimalarial drug development, density functional theory has been used to model the interactions between a diverse set of 31 small ligands and the iron(iii) centre of ferriprotoporphyrin IX, as well as key events in the crystallization of this molecule by the malaria parasite.
Unique behaviour of nonsolvents for polysulphides in lithium–sulphur batteries
Authors: Cuisinier M. , Cabelguen P.-E. , Adams B. D. , Garsuch A. , Balasubramanian M. , Nazar L. F.
Published: May 2014

Combination of a solvent–salt complex [acetonitrile(ACN)2–LiTFSI] with a hydrofluoroether (HFE) co-solvent unveils a new class of Li–S battery electrolytes that possess essentially no solubility for lithium polysulfides, yet exhibit excellent capacity and very good rate capability..
Spectroscopic and atomic force studies of the functionalisation of carbon surfaces: new insights into the role of the surface topography and specific chemical states
Authors: Buono Carlo , Davies Philip R. , Davies Robert J. , Jones Thomas , Kulhavý Jiří , Lewis Ryan , Morgan David J. , Robinson Neil , Willock David J.
Published: May 2014

The utility of carbon materials in applications as diverse as drug delivery and photocatalysis is often undermined by the complexity of their surface chemistry; different sources of carbon give rise to a varied mixture of functional groups and hence different properties. Considerable efforts have been made to identify specific groups at these surfaces and elucidate the complex interactions that take place but even on materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes there remains uncertainty about the nature of the components present and their role in the nucleation of other functional materials at the surface. The present study uses highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model on which the fundamental properties of specific functional groups and their interactions with deposited nanoparticles can be characterised. We have shown that treatment of HOPG surfaces with low concentrations of hydrochloric acid results in significant topographic changes to the surface and a low concentration of oxygen containing species. From selective derivatization and a comparison of their XP spectra, the latter can be unambiguously identified as surface hydroxyls. DFT calculations have shown that these groups are stable in close proximity to each other. Heating to 573 K leads to conversion of the hydroxyls to mixture of two states, one of which is identified as a ketone whilst the other is proposed to be an ether. Gold deposition on the surface from aqueous solutions of chloroauric acid is shown to be strongly influenced by the nature of the oxygen species present.
Effect of charge density of polysaccharides on self-assembled intragastric gelation of whey protein/polysaccharide under simulated gastric conditions
Authors: Zhang Sha , Zhang Zhong , Vardhanabhuti Bongkosh
Published: May 2014

Charge density of polysaccharides and biopolymer ratio are the major factors affecting their intragastric gelation and their digestion properties.
PIV and CFD studies on analyzing intragastric flow phenomena induced by peristalsis using a human gastric flow simulator
Authors: Kozu Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Isao , Neves Marcos A. , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Uemura Kunihiko , Sato Seigo , Ichikawa Sosaku
Published: May 2014

The intragastric flow phenomena was analyzed using a human gastric flow simulator. The flow-field induced by gastric peristalsis was quantitatively measured in both liquid and liquid-solid gastric contents.
Effects of black tea on body composition and metabolic outcomes related to cardiovascular disease risk: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bøhn Siv K. , Croft Kevin D. , Burrows Sally , Puddey Ian B. , Mulder Theo P. J. , Fuchs Dagmar , Woodman Richard J. , Hodgson Jonathan M.
Published: May 2014

This randomised controlled double-blind 6 month parallel-designed trial indicates that ingestion of black tea over 3 months can improve body weight and body composition.
Emergence of metallicity in silver clusters in the 150 atom regime: a study of differently sized silver clusters
Authors: Chakraborty Indranath , Erusappan Jayanthi , Govindarajan Anuradha , Sugi K. S. , Udayabhaskararao Thumu , Ghosh Atanu , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: May 2014

We report the systematic appearance of a plasmon-like optical absorption feature in silver clusters protected with different ligands as a function of cluster size.
Metabolomic profiles delineate the potential role of glycine in gold nanorod-induced disruption of mitochondria and blood–testis barrier factors in TM-4 cells
Authors: Xu Bo , Chen Minjian , Ji Xiaoli , Mao Zhilei , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Xinru , Xia Yankai
Published: May 2014

We revealed that glycine is an intermediary for toxic effects of GNRs on mitochondria and BTB factors in TM-4 cells.
Highly sensitive in situ monitoring of catalytic reactions by surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy on multifunctional Fe3O4/C/Au NPs
Authors: Cai Wenya , Tang Xianghu , Sun Bai , Yang Liangbao
Published: May 2014

In situ monitoring and characterizing kinetics of catalytic reaction with SERS on multifunctional Fe3O4/C/Au NPs in the magnetic field.
Molecular resolution friction microscopy of Cu phthalocyanine thin films on dolomite (104) in water
Authors: Nita Paweł , Pimentel Carlos , Luo Feng , Milián-Medina Begoña , Gierschner Johannes , Pina Carlos M. , Gnecco Enrico
Published: May 2014

Molecular resolution of Cu-phthalocyanine molecules self-assembled on a dolomite (104) surface has been achieved using friction force microscopy in water.
Recent advances in dearomatization of heteroaromatic compounds
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Zhou Xiaoli , Fan Renhua
Published: May 2014

This review summarizes the recent developments in dearomatization reactions of indoles, pyridines, quinolines, isoquinolines, and some other heteroaromatic compounds.
A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for distinguishing cysteine from biothiols in water and living cells
Authors: Han Qingxin , Shi Zhaohua , Tang Xiaoliang , Yang Lizi , Mou Zuolin , Li Jing , Shi Jinmin , Chen Chunyang , Liu Wei , Yang Huan , Liu Weisheng
Published: May 2014

A highly selective merocyanine-based fluorescent probe was developed, which can significantly distinguish Cys from Hcy and GSH by their kinetic profiles in water and respond to the intracellular Cys.
The syntheses of α-ketoamides vianBu4NI-catalyzed multiple sp3C–H bond oxidation of ethylarenes and sequential coupling with dialkylformamides
Authors: Du Bingnan , Jin Bo , Sun Peipei
Published: May 2014

The nBu4NI-catalyzed sequential C–O and C–N bond formation via multiple sp3C–H bond activation of ethylarenes, using N,N-dialkylformamide as the amino source, provided α-ketoamides with moderate yields.
‘Clickable’ 2,5-diketopiperazines as scaffolds for ligation of biomolecules: their use in Aβ inhibitor assembly
Authors: Dufour E. , Moni L. , Bonnat L. , Chierici S. , Garcia J.
Published: May 2014

The synthesis of 1,3,6-trisubstituted-2,5-diketopiperazine scaffolds bearing up to three ‘clickable’ sites for further oxime bond or alkyne–azide cycloaddition ligations is described.
A succinyl lysine-based photo-cross-linking peptide probe for Sirtuin 5
Authors: Kalesh Karunakaran A. , Tate Edward W.
Published: May 2014

A succinylation-specific photo-cross-linking peptide probe has been developed for the NAD+-dependent hydrolase Sirtuin 5.
Dammarane-type triterpenoids as 11β-HSD1 inhibitors from Homonoia riparia
Authors: Yu Jin-Hai , Shen Yu , Liu Hong-Bing , Leng Ying , Zhang Hua , Yue Jian-Min
Published: May 2014

The chemistry and bioactivity of a series of dammarane-type triterpenoids from Homonoia riparia were reported in this article.
Star-shaped polyphosphoesters with reactive end groups synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and their transformation to nanostructures
Authors: Ding Liang , Wei Jun , Qiu Jun , Wang Jingjing , Zhu Zhenshu
Published: May 2014

Four-arm star shaped polyphosphoesters are synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization.
Mechanically strong and stretchable polyurethane–urea supramolecular hydrogel using water as an additional in situ chain extender
Authors: Deng Chao , Cui Yulin , Zhao Tingting , Tan Mei , Huang He , Guo Mingyu
Published: May 2014

Polyurethane–urea supramolecular hydrogel with excellent mechanical and processible properties is developed. The mechanical properties including shear modulus, elongation at break, tensile strength and compression stress can be adjusted by altering the diisocyanate content.
Ordered mesoporous zirconium oxophosphate supported tungsten oxide solid acid catalysts: the improved Brønsted acidity for benzylation of anisole
Authors: Miao Zhichao , Zhao Huahua , Song Huanling , Chou Lingjun
Published: May 2014

A series of WO3 supported on ordered mesoporous zirconium oxophosphate solid acid catalyst was employed in benzylation reaction.
A novel SnS2@graphene nanocable network for high-performance lithium storage
Authors: Kong Debin , He Haiyong , Song Qi , Wang Bin , Yang Quan-Hong , Zhi Linjie
Published: May 2014

A unique SnS2@graphene nanocable structure for high-performance lithium storage with a novel contact model between SnS2 nanosheets and graphene.
On the protonation of water
Authors: Bodi A. , Csontos J. , Kállay M. , Borkar S. , Sztáray B.
Published: May 2014

Dissociative photoionization onsets of water and water dimer, measured by Imaging Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (iPEPICO) Spectroscopy, are used in a floating thermochemical cycle to determine the proton affinity of water with unprecedented accuracy, as confirmed by state-of-the-artab initioquantum-chemical calculations.
Sulfur encapsulated in porous hollow CNTs@CNFs for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Chen Yuming , Li Xiaoyan , Park Kyu-Sung , Hong Jianhe , Song Jie , Zhou Limin , Mai Yiu-Wing , Huang Haitao , Goodenough John B.
Published: May 2014

A novel carbon-sulfur nanoarchitecture with a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of ~80 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of ~0.2cm3 g−1 shows a high capacity of ~ 700 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 520 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 100 cycles, which makes it a superior cathode material for a rechargeable Li–S battery.
NIR excitation of upconversion nanohybrids containing a surface grafted Bodipy induces oxygen-mediated cancer cell death
Authors: González-Béjar María , Liras Marta , Francés-Soriano Laura , Voliani Valerio , Herranz-Pérez Vicente , Duran-Moreno Maria , Garcia-Verdugo Jose M. , Alarcon Emilio I. , Scaiano Juan C. , Pérez-Prieto Julia
Published: May 2014

A nanohybrid comprising a diiodo-substituted Bodipy anchored to the surface of NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles showed its effectiveness in inducing cancer cell death under NIR irradiation.
Structural and luminescent properties of red-emitting Eu3+-doped ternary rare earth antimonates R3SbO7 (R = La, Gd, Y)
Authors: Wang Jing , Cheng Yu , Huang Yanlin , Cai Peiqing , Kim Sun Il , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: May 2014

Eu3+-doped antimonates show distinct luminescence spectra. 5D0 → 7F4, 5D0 → 7F1 and 5D0 → 7F0 are the dominant transitions for Eu3+-doped La3SbO7, Gd3SbO7 and Y3SbO7 respectively, due to different microstructures around the Eu3+ ions in the lattices.
Carbohydrate mobilisation in germinating seed of Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae), two tropical trees used for restoration
Authors: Veronesi Marina Belloni , Simões Kelly , Augusto dos Santos-Junior Nelson , Braga Marcia Regina
Published: May 2014

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. and Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) are two leguminous species native to Brazil that are frequently used to restore degraded areas. Seed of E. contortisiliquum are exalbuminous, whereas seed of P. dubium have a mucilaginous endosperm and both are orthodox, dormant and have a water-impermeable seed coat. There is little information about the dynamics of their germination and understanding this process is important for propagation, conservation and satisfactory practices for restoration of degraded areas. Thus, in this study we evaluated and compared the carbohydrate mobilisation of the seed of both species during germination and early seedling development. Data obtained showed differences in the composition and in the mobilisation of the storage carbohydrates in the studied species. Whereas the main storage of the E. contortisiliquum embryo is starch, the main reserve found in P. dubium is the galactomannan stored in the endosperm. The carbohydrates first hydrolysed in both species are raffinose family oligosaccharides that are used in the embryo development during germination. Starch found in cotyledons of E. contortisiliquum or accumulated after galactomannan degradation in the embryo of P. dubium is not used during germination and early seedling growth in either species.
The persistence of verb second in negative utterances in Breton
Authors: Kennard Holly J.
Published: May 2014

This article examines word order in negative clauses in Breton across two generations separated by a gap in language transmission. It might be expected that the V2 constraint in Breton matrix clauses would be subject to change in light of immense influence from French and this transmission gap. An examination of original fieldwork data indicates that there is little change between the older (65+) and younger (children/adults aged 20–30) speakers, but that there is variation among younger speakers currently in Breton-medium education. All speakers use the expected V2 in utterances with a pronominal subject. With lexical subjects, it seems that the key factor is the amount of Breton input children receive. Children in bilingual schooling with no additional Breton input use exclusively SVO order, whereas children in immersion schooling or with further Breton input pattern with older speakers and young adults using V2 with complex verbs, and both SVO and V2 with simple verbs. The implications of this for the continued maintenance of the V2 constraint in Breton are discussed, and the overriding factor is argued to be the continuation of Breton input as children grow older.
Diachronic change in Indo-European motion event encoding
Authors: Verkerk Annemarie
Published: May 2014

There are many different syntactic constructions that languages can use to encode motion events. In recent decades, great advances have been made in the description and study of these syntactic constructions from languages spoken around the world (Talmy 1985, 1991, Slobin 1996, 2004). However, relatively little attention has been paid to historical change in these systems (exceptions are Vincent 1999, Dufresne, Dupuis & Tremblay 2003, Kopecka 2006 and Peyraube 2006). In this article, diachronic change of motion event encoding systems in Indo-European is investigated using the available historical–comparative data and phylogenetic comparative methods adopted from evolutionary biology. It is argued that Proto-Indo-European was not satellite-framed, as suggested by Talmy (2007) and Acedo Matellán and Mateu (2008), but had a mixed motion event encoding system, as is suggested by the available historical–comparative data.
Reconstructing the history of languages in northwest New Britain
Authors: Ross Malcolm D.
Published: May 2014

William Thurston (1982, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994) analyzes the history of the languages of the northwest area of New Britain. This history has included much contact among the area’s languages, all of which are Oceanic Austronesian with the exception of the Papuan language Anêm. Thurston, however, took the position that all linguistic speciation is brought about by language contact, especially by language shift. In this paper, the comparative method is applied to Thurston’s (and others’) data to reconstruct a partial history of the languages of the area, exemplifying how the comparative method may be applied in contact situations. Reanalysis of his data shows that a number of his conclusions about the histories of the area’s Austronesian languages are wrong, but validates his claim that language shift is manifested in copied specialist vocabulary, a conclusion that is important for historical contact linguistics, as such cases may provide few or no other clues that shift has occurred.
Spanish proficiency, cultural knowledge, and identity of Mormon returned missionaries
Authors: Kirk Rachel W.
Published: May 2014

This article examines the linguistic skills, cultural knowledge, and assimilation of students who have completed a Spanish-language mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a population that attains a high level of fluency in a second language. The results of a written survey completed by 103 students who had served Spanish-language missions are described. These students’ linguistic strengths and weaknesses resemble those of heritage language learners, while their motivation and cultural understanding are more similar to those of traditional foreign language students. Although these students lived in the target culture for an extended period of time and many attained a high level of linguistic proficiency, their awareness of cultural issues and ability to articulate them were limited. It seems that certain attributes of the Hispanic culture may have become ingrained in the students’ personalities nonetheless.
The future tense in Spanish L2 textbooks
Authors: Orozco Rafael , Thoms Joshua J.
Published: May 2014

This paper revisits the treatment of the expression of futurity in Spanish foreign language (FL) textbooks. We analyzed twenty college-level Spanish FL textbooks to determine and quantify how futurity is represented. Variationist research has shown the periphrastic future (PF) to be the most frequent variant of futurity followed by the simple present (SP) and the morphological future (MF). Our findings reveal that, despite over two decades of communicative language teaching, Spanish FL textbooks still do not completely present the reality of the expression of futurity. Introductory texts present all three variants of futurity. However, there is a dramatic difference in the formal representation of these three variants in intermediate texts. The PF is formally presented in only four of the ten intermediate texts analyzed. Interestingly, all ten intermediate textbooks include a formal section on the MF. From a formal treatment perspective and unlike native speaker usage, the MF continues to be the futurity variant most often presented to learners, followed by the PF, and the SP, respectively.
La alternancia deber/deber de + infinitivo en el siglo XVI
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis , González Martínez Juan
Published: May 2014

Este estudio parte de la sorprendente falta de atención concedida por la lingüística hispánica a la explicación de un antiguo fenómeno de variación sintáctica: la alternancia entre perífrasis modales deber/deber de + infinitivo, durante siglos asociada a una oposición rígida entre valores epistémicos y deónticos procedente de la tradición normativa. Aunque algunos trabajos recientes han mostrado su interés por la distribución actual de ambas perífrasis en diferentes comunidades hispánicas, se conoce poco sobre esta variación en el pasado. Este artículo pretende cubrir este vacío mediante un análisis sistemático del contexto variable que rodea a esta variable sintáctica, basándose para ello en los principios y métodos de la lingüística variacionista, aplicados a un extenso corpus de textos epistolares escritos en el siglo XVI, muchos de ellos de carácter privado. Los datos de esta investigación señalan la influencia positiva no solo de ciertos contextos lingüísticos (pasado simple, modalidad epistémica, contextos de intensificación, enunciados negativos) y estilísticos (cartas privadas y relación cercana entre los interlocutores) en la variación, sino también la existencia de algunas interacciones relevantes entre esos factores. En síntesis, los resultados del estudio muestran la importante influencia de diferentes elementos de modalización –y no solo la tradicional dicotomía deóntico-epistémico– en el perfil variacionista de estas perífrasis modales en el español clásico.
How and why chiefs formalise land use in recent times: the politics of land dispossession through biofuels investments in Ghana
Authors: Boamah Festus
Published: May 2014

In the current land deals debate, land dispossession is often attributed to exploitative acts of agricultural investors. However, the role of equally active actors in the making of land deals such as chiefs, who customarily are custodians of land, does not feature prominently in the debate. The paper shows that the recent surge in large-scale land deals in Ghana corresponds with chiefs' pre-existing motivation to re-establish authority over land for two reasons: firstly, to formalise the use of ‘stool land’ to create rural development opportunities; secondly, to formalise boundaries of ‘stool land’ to avert potential future land litigations. Social groups lacking recognition from chiefs therefore often lose land, whereas land areas of those persons recognised by chiefs are protected, sometimes even regardless of their ‘citizenship’ identity in project villages. The author argues that an understanding of how local social institutions and politics mediate investment in land will enrich analyses of processes of land dispossession.
Interactions between the government and Diasporas: the West-African case of Cameroon
Authors: Enoh Richard Agbor Ayukndang
Published: May 2014

This paper titled ‘Interactions between the government and Diasporas: The West-African case of Cameroon’ gives a fillips of some countries across the globe and the negative manner in which they deal with their Diaspora. Most of these issues come up due to the challenges being posed by most Diasporas, which are more observatories for development and change with the political, economic and social situations in most African countries, where democracy has refused to take its course and the leadership structures have become an inherited phenomenon. Positive criticisms cannot come from within their respective communities for fear of being arrested and assaulted; those in the Diaspora are the ‘power force’ to objectively denounce the political, social and the economic injustices going within their respective countries. The paper further emphasised on the neglect, if not refusal for the government to allow community strategies in open platforms/symposia’s or conferences for their Diaspora to come home for a roundtable…which would have an impact on change, prospects and developmental strategies for their respective home countries. Significantly enough, the paper will X-ray much and direct examples on the West African Country of Cameroons’ political, social and economic situations, which her Diasporas have been demanding an opportunity for government proposals to be involved in its change and development strategies. In specific terms, the Cameroon government has not shown interest or has refused/neglected its interaction with her Diaspora due to their challenging ideas of change and growth.
Political colonization of multi-ethnic Britain: a study of Indian Diaspora
Authors: Choudhary Sunil K.
Published: May 2014

The process of globalization has created multiple channels of inter-country migrations, making all the societies of the world pluricultural. This phenomenon, which is rather recent for the countries of the North, has necessitated the development of multi-cultural ethos. The countries of the North, such as the UK and France, are now becoming homes for theDiasporacommunities. They are now attempting to cope with this trend of ever-rising Diasporic presence, particularly represented by the people of their former colonies, particularly from Asian, African and Caribbean subcontinents. Already studies are being undertaken to investigate this new phenomenon of migration as it affects the economy – both locally and globally. But very little has been done to see how these ‘Outsiders-turned-Insiders’ are participating in the democratic functioning of the polity. Britain offers a good research site to investigate this relatively unexplored phenomenon in view of having significant numbers of settlers from her colonies. The growing electoral participation of ethnic groups appears to have affected the nature and scope of British polity over the years. In view of their growing participation and increasing representation, multi-ethnic Britain is in the phase of transforming ‘ethnic colonization’ (Ballard 1994) to ‘political colonization’. This paper is a modest attempt to study the role of Indian Diaspora in the political transformation of contemporary Britain.
Coupling tendencies during exploratory behaviours of competing players in rugby union dyads
Authors: Correia Vanda , Passos Pedro , Araújo Duarte , Davids Keith , Diniz Ana , Kelso J. A. Scott
Published: May 2014

This study investigated interpersonal coordination tendencies in 1vs.1 dyads in rugby union, here expressed by participants' movement velocity towards or away from the sideline as they competed to score or prevent a try. We examined whether coupling tendencies of members of each dyad shaped key performance outcomes (try or successful tackle). Data on movement displacement trajectories of eight male rugby union players (aged 11–12 years) were analysed during performance in 47 trials. To assess coordination tendencies during exploratory behaviours in the dyads, analyses of performance time series data were undertaken using variable time graphs, running correlations and cross‐correlations. Results revealed distinct coupling patterns characterised by shifts between synchronous coordination and asynchronous coordination tendencies and uncoordinated actions. Observed behaviours were interpreted as attempts of competing participants to create and perceive possibilities for action while seeking to achieve specific performance goals. Findings also revealed that a variety of patterned relations between participants resulted in different performance outcomes.
The p53-induced factor Ei24 inhibits nuclear import through an importin β–binding–like domain
Authors: Lieu Kim G. , Shim Eun-Hee , Wang Jinling , Lokareddy Ravi K. , Tao Tao , Cingolani Gino , Zambetti Gerard P. , Jans David A.
Published: May 2014

The etoposide-induced protein Ei24 was initially identified as a p53-responsive, proapoptotic factor, but no clear function has been described. Here, we use a nonbiased proteomics approach to identify members of the importin (IMP) family of nuclear transporters as interactors of Ei24 and characterize an IMPβ-binding-like (IBBL) domain within Ei24. We show that Ei24 can bind specifically to IMPβ1 and IMPα2, but not other IMPs, and use a mutated IMPβ1 derivative to show that Ei24 binds to the same site on IMPβ1 as the IMPα IBB. Ectopic expression of Ei24 reduced the extent of IMPβ1- or IMPα/β1-dependent nuclear protein import specifically, whereas specific alanine substitutions within the IBBL abrogated this activity. Induction of endogenous Ei24 expression through etoposide treatment similarly inhibited nuclear import in a mouse embryonic fibroblast model. Thus, Ei24 can bind specifically to IMPβ1 and IMPα2 to impede their normal role in nuclear import, shedding new light on the cellular functions of Ei24 and its tumor suppressor role.
Tenascin-X promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating latent TGF-β
Authors: Alcaraz Lindsay B. , Exposito Jean-Yves , Chuvin Nicolas , Pommier Roxane M. , Cluzel Caroline , Martel Sylvie , Sentis Stéphanie , Bartholin Laurent , Lethias Claire , Valcourt Ulrich
Published: May 2014

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) isoforms are secreted as inactive complexes formed through noncovalent interactions between the bioactive TGF-β entity and its N-terminal latency-associated peptide prodomain. Extracellular activation of the latent TGF-β complex is a crucial step in the regulation of TGF-β function for tissue homeostasis. We show that the fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain of the matrix glycoprotein tenascin-X (TNX) interacts physically with the small latent TGF-β complex in vitro and in vivo, thus regulating the bioavailability of mature TGF-β to cells by activating the latent cytokine into an active molecule. Activation by the FBG domain most likely occurs through a conformational change in the latent complex and involves a novel cell adhesion–dependent mechanism. We identify α11β1 integrin as a cell surface receptor for TNX and show that this integrin is crucial to elicit FBG-mediated activation of latent TGF-β and subsequent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells.
Carole Parent: Migrating cells relay the message
Authors: Sedwick Caitlin
Published: May 2014

Parent studies cell motility in Dictyostelium, neutrophils, and cancer cells.
Combinatorial applications of Möbius inversion
Authors: Jameson Marie , Schneider Robert
Published: May 2014

In important work on the parity of the partition function, Ono (2010) related values of the partition function to coefficients of a certain mock theta function modulo 2. In this paper, we use Möbius inversion to give analogous results which relate several combinatorial functions via identities rather than congruences.
A remark on central sequence algebras of the tensor product of 𝐼𝐼₁ factors
Authors: Wu Wenming , Yuan Wei
Published: May 2014

Let

M

\mathcal {M}

and

N

\mathcal {N}

be two type

I
I

1

\mathrm {II}_{1}

factors with separable predual and

ω
\omega

a free ultrafilter on

N

\mathbb {N}

. If the central sequence algebra

N

ω

\mathcal {N}_{\omega }

is abelian and there is a non-atomic abelian subalgebra

A

\mathcal {A}

in

M

\mathcal {M}

such that any central sequence of

M

⊗
¯

N

\mathcal {M}\overline {\otimes }\mathcal {N}

is contained in the ultrapower

(

A

⊗
¯

N

)

ω

(\mathcal {A}\overline {\otimes }\mathcal {N})^{\omega }

, then

(

M

⊗
¯

N

)

ω

(\mathcal {M}\overline {\otimes }\mathcal {N})_{\omega }

is abelian. It is also shown that there is an action

α
\alpha

of the free group

F
2

F_2

on the group von Neumann algebra

L

Z

\mathcal {L}_{\mathbb {Z}}

such that the central sequence algebra of

M

=

L

Z

⋊

α

F
2

\mathcal {M}=\mathcal {L}_{\mathbb {Z}}\rtimes _{\alpha } F_2

is abelian and non-trivial and any central sequence in

M

⊗
¯

N

\mathcal {M}\overline {\otimes }\mathcal {N}

is in the ultrapower

(

L

Z

⊗
¯

N

)

ω

(\mathcal {L}_{\mathbb {Z}}\overline {\otimes }\mathcal {N})^{\omega }

.
Two-point functions and their applications in geometry
Authors: Brendle Simon
Published: May 2014

The maximum principle is one of the most important tools in the analysis of geometric partial differential equations. Traditionally, the maximum principle is applied to a scalar function defined on a manifold, but in recent years more sophisticated versions have emerged. One particularly interesting direction involves applying the maximum principle to functions that depend on a pair of points. This technique is particularly effective in the study of problems involving embedded surfaces.

In this survey, we first describe some foundational results on curve shortening flow and mean curvature flow. We then describe Huisken’s work on the curve shortening flow where the method of two-point functions was introduced. Finally, we discuss several recent applications of that technique. These include sharp estimates for mean curvature flow as well as the proof of Lawson’s 1970 conjecture concerning minimal tori in

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Diversity of Dickeya Strains Collected from Pineapple Plants and Irrigation Water in Hawaii
Authors: Sueno W. S. K. , Marrero G. , de Silva A. S. , Sether D. M. , Alvarez A. M.
Published: May 2014

Bacterial heart rot caused by a yet undetermined species of Dickeya was first observed in December 2003 in Oahu, HI, on a pineapple cultivar (Ananas comosus ‘PRI 73-114’) recently imported from Central America. Identical symptoms were later seen in the same plantation in fields that had been planted with propagules from the Philippines. Dickeya strains isolated from symptomatic plants and irrigation water collected over subsequent years were identified using bacteriological tests and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and characterized using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer (BOX-PCR), pathogenicity on pineapple leaves, and reactivity with two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Strains exhibited variability in pathogenicity and in reactivity with MAbs. BOX-PCR separated the plant-isolated Dickeya strains into seven haplotypes that were placed into four fingerprint groups (A to D). Strains from the A and B groups were isolated from the Central American stocks, whereas strains in the D group were identified from Philippine material. Strains from the C group were isolated from both planting materials. Most strains from water sources were placed into three haplotypes that loosely formed group E. BOX-PCR polymorphisms between the Dickeya strains isolated from foreign pineapple plants, a local collection of Dickeya strains, and strains from the plantation's water sources support the possibility that at least two separate introductions of genetically distinct strains occurred via imported planting stocks.
Incidence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Biovar 1 in and on ‘Paradox’ (Juglans hindsii × Juglans regia) Walnut Seed Collected from Commercial Nurseries
Authors: Yakabe L. E. , Parker S. R. , Kluepfel D. A.
Published: May 2014

The walnut rootstock ‘Paradox’ (Juglans hindsii × J. regia) is susceptible to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which often results in a high incidence of crown gall in nursery or walnut production orchards. Though A. tumefaciens is susceptible to the commonly used preplant soil fumigants, crown gall incidence can rise above acceptable levels. We examined the ability of Paradox seed to acquire A. tumefaciens as a function of harvest method used prior to planting. Over a 2-year period at two participating commercial nurseries, Paradox seed were collected directly from the mother tree without contacting the soil or gathered after sitting on the orchard floor for up to 28 days. A. tumefaciens was never detected in or on the 2,650 seeds collected directly from the mother tree. Both virulent and avirulent A. tumefaciens strains were detected in and on the husk of nuts incubated on the orchard floor at a frequency directly proportional to the time spent on the orchard floor. Regardless of A. tumefaciens contamination in or on the husk, A. tumefaciens was never detected in the seed interior. Avoiding soilborne populations of A. tumefaciens at the time of seed collection will play an important role in managing crown gall.
What Is the Optimal Timing of Liver Transplantation for Children With Biliary Atresia? A Markov Model Simulation Analysis
Authors: Arnon Ronen , Leshno Moshe , Annunziato Rachel , Florman Sander , Iyer Kishore
Published: May 2014

Objectives:

Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common liver disease leading to liver transplantation (LT) during childhood. The optimal timing of listing and LT for children with failed portoenterostomy (PE) is not clear. The aim of our study was to determine the optimal timing of LT for children with BA and failed PE by using a Markov model simulation analysis.

Methods:

A Markov model was constructed presenting the progression of the severity of liver status for patients with BA who underwent PE before 60 days old. Three treatment strategies were compared: LT for moderate liver disease (MLD), LT for severe liver disease (SLD), and no LT, and 10,000 patients were simulated in each strategy. Health states were defined as LT, early repeat LT (≤30 days after LT), late repeat LT (>30 days after LT), status post‐LT (period after first LT), and death.

Results:

For patients with an available liver for transplantation (living donors), LT at MLD was associated with an increase of 17.4% additional expected life‐years (LY) as compared with LT at SLD. Patient survival rates after 10 years were 84.7% and 75.5% in the MLD and SLD strategies, respectively. For the patients with no LT, the survival rate after 10 years was 48.1%. When the probability of deceased donor LT was lower than 50% from time of listing at 3 months, there was no increase in expected LY of MLD strategy. “No LT” resulted in approximately 60% reduction of expected LY compared with LT for patients with SLD.

Conclusions:

Our model suggests that early listing and transplantation is beneficial in patients with an available liver for transplantation. For patients in whom the probability for LT is low, there appears to be no advantage to early listing. A validation of the present model in a “real” cohort of patients with BA is needed.
Comparison of 2 Delivery Vehicles for Viscous Budesonide to Treat Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children
Authors: Rubinstein Eitan , Lee John J. , Fried Ari , Logvinenko Tanya , Ngo Peter , McDonald Douglas , Hait Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2014

Objectives:

Oral viscous budesonide (OVB) using Splenda as a delivery vehicle has become an attractive therapeutic option for children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Many families are wary of giving the artificial sweetener in high doses to their children. The aim of the present study was to determine whether OVB mixed with Neocate Nutra, a hypoallergenic nutritional supplement, is at least as efficacious as OVB mixed with Splenda at healing EoE.

Methods:

Our institutional review board approved a retrospective chart review of patients with well‐documented EoE treated with OVB at the Boston Children's Hospital Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorder program between June 2008 and June 2013. Primary outcome measured was histologic response defined as change in peak eosinophil count to <15 eosinophils per high‐power field (eos/HPF) after at least 10 weeks of OVB therapy.

Results:

A total of 46 children were treated with OVB mixed with Splenda, and 14 were treated with OVB mixed with Neocate Nutra. The 2 groups were not significantly different in their demographic (race, age, sex) or clinical (initial eosinophil count, proton pump inhibitor use, or concomitant dietary elimination) characteristics. On follow‐up endoscopy, 30 of 46 patients on Splenda and 13 of 14 patients on Neocate Nutra achieved histologic response. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment peak eosinophil counts for the children taking Neocate Nutra were 62 eos/HPF ([high‐power field] range 20–120 eos/HPF) and 9 eos/HPF (range 0–100 eos/HPF), respectively. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment peak eosinophil counts for the Splenda group were 59.5 eos/HPF (range 20–180 eos/HPF) and 25.5 eos/HPF (range 0–200 eos/HPF), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of success with Neocate Nutra as compared with Splenda was 6.93 (95% CI 0.83–57.91, P = 0.0728), demonstrating the noninferiority of Neocate Nutra.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that OVB mixed with Neocate Nutra is at least as effective as OVB mixed with Splenda at treating children with EoE. Neocate Nutra is an innovative, effective, and palatable mixing agent to create a viscous budesonide slurry for families who prefer not to use the standard recipe with Splenda.
Module organizational principles and dynamics in biological networks
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Lee Tsai-ling , Lin Yi-Wei , Lo Yu-Shu , Lin Chih-Ta , Yang Jinn-Moon
Published: May 2014

A module is a group of closely related proteins that act in concert to perform specific biological functions through protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that occur in time and space. However, the underlying organizational principles of a module remain unclear. In this study, we collected CORUM module templates to infer respective module families, including 58,041 homologous modules in 1,678 species, and PPI families using searches of complete genomic database. We then derived PPI evolution scores (PPIES) and interface evolution scores (IES) to infer module elements, including core and ring components. Functions of core components were highly correlated (Pearson’sr= 0.98) with those of 11,384 essential genes. In comparison with ring components, core proteins and PPIs were conserved in multiple species. Subsequently, protein dynamics and module dynamics of biological networks and functional diversities confirmed that core components form dynamic biological network hubs and play key roles in various biological functions. PPIES and IES can reflect module organization principles and protein/module dynamics in biological networks. On the basis of the analyses of gene essentiality, module dynamics, network topology, and gene co-expression, the module organizational principles can be described as follows: 1) a module consists of core and ring components; 2) the core components play major roles in biological functions and collaborate with ring components to perform certain functions in some cases; 3) the core components are conserved and essential in module dynamics in time and space.
The multi-purpose hard X-ray beamline BL10 at the DELTA storage ring
Authors: Lützenkirchen-Hecht D. , Wagner R. , Szillat S. , Hüsecken A. K. , Istomin K. , Pietsch U. , Frahm Ronald
Published: May 2014

The layout and the characteristics of the hard X-ray beamline BL10 at the superconducting asymmetric wiggler at the 1.5 GeV Dortmund Electron Accelerator DELTA are described. This beamline is equipped with a Si(111) channel-cut monochromator and is dedicated to X-ray studies in the spectral range from ∼4 keV to ∼16 keV photon energy. There are two different endstations available. While X-ray absorption studies in different detection modes (transmission, fluorescence, reflectivity) can be performed on a designated table, a six-axis kappa diffractometer is installed for X-ray scattering and reflectivity experiments. Different detector set-ups are integrated into the beamline control software,i.e.gas-filled ionization chambers, different photodiodes, as well as a Pilatus 2D-detector are permanently available. The performance of the beamline is illustrated by high-quality X-ray absorption spectra from several reference compounds. First applications include temperature-dependent EXAFS experiments from liquid-nitrogen temperature in a bath cryostat up to ∼660 K by using a dedicated furnace. Besides transmission measurements, fluorescence detection for dilute sample systems as well as surface-sensitive reflection-mode experiments are presented.
Characterization of spatial coherence of synchrotron radiation with non-redundant arrays of apertures
Authors: Skopintsev P. , Singer A. , Bach J. , Müller L. , Beyersdorff B. , Schleitzer S. , Gorobtsov O. , Shabalin A. , Kurta R. P. , Dzhigaev D. , Yefanov O. M. , Glaser L. , Sakdinawat A. , Grübel G. , Frömter R. , Oepen H. P. , Viefhaus J. , Vartanyants I. A.
Published: May 2014

A method to characterize the spatial coherence of soft X-ray radiation from a single diffraction pattern is presented. The technique is based on scattering from non-redundant arrays (NRAs) of slits and records the degree of spatial coherence at several relative separations from 1 to 15 µm, simultaneously. Using NRAs the spatial coherence of the X-ray beam at the XUV X-ray beamline P04 of the PETRA III synchrotron storage ring was measured as a function of different beam parameters. To verify the results obtained with the NRAs, additional Young's double-pinhole experiments were conducted and showed good agreement.
Depth‐related distribution of a key gene of the tetraether lipid biosynthetic pathway in marine Thaumarchaeota
Authors: Villanueva Laura , Schouten Stefan , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S.
Published: May 2014

The distribution of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) lipids synthesized by Thaumarchaeota has been shown to be temperature‐dependent in world oceans. Depth‐related differences in the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) of Thaumarchaeota have led to the classification of ‘shallow’ and ‘deep water’ clusters, potentially affecting GDGT distributions. Here, we investigate if this classification is also reflected in a key gene of the thaumarchaeotal lipid biosynthetic pathway coding for geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP) synthase. We investigated metagenomic databases, suspended particulate matter and surface sediment of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. These revealed significant differences in amoA and GGGP synthase between ‘shallow’ and ‘deep water’ Thaumarchaeota. Intriguingly, amoA and GGGP synthase sequences of benthic Thaumarchaeota clustered with the ‘shallow water’ rather than with ‘deep water’ Thaumarchaeota. This suggests that pressure and temperature are unlikely factors that drive the differentiation, and suggests an important role of ammonia concentration that is higher in benthic and ‘shallow water’ niches. Analysis of the relative abundance of GDGTs in the Arabian Sea and in globally distributed surface sediments showed differences in GDGT distributions from subsurface to deep waters that may be explained by differences in the GGGP synthase, suggesting a genetic control on GDGT distributions.