bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo no convencional del trauma penetrante cardiaco: una revisión integrativa de la literatura
Authors: Sierra Barbosa Diego Orlando , López Sandoval Tatiana , Dominguez Torres Luis Carlos
Published: June 2021

Introducción. En los últimos 30 años, la ventana pericárdica terapéutica se ha convertido en una alternativa para el abordaje de los pacientes con Trauma Penetrante Cardíaco (TPC) sin compromiso hemodinámico. Su utilidad radica en el drenaje del hemopericardio, disminuyendo la tasa de esternotomías y/o toracotomías no terapéuticas.

Métodos. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, con búsqueda activa de artículos publicados a partir de 1980 hasta la actualidad, en inglés y español, en diferentes bases de datos que incluyeran en su descripción el manejo no convencional del TPC mediante ventana pericárdica, y que evaluaran mortalidad, complicaciones postoperatorias y/o estancia hospitalaria.

Resultados. Se incluyeron 7 estudios: 3 experimentales y 4 descriptivos. Los resultados mostraron  que la mortalidad en pacientes sometidos al manejo convencional varió del 0% al 63%, en comparación con los pacientes llevados a manejo no convencional con una tasa de mortalidad maxima del 33%, aunque las muestras de cada uno fueron muy variables, la tasa de complicaciones fue menor en el primer grupo (24.2% vs. 20.6% respectivamente), así como la estancia hospitalaria (3.7 versus 6.7 días), respectivamente.

Discusión.  El manejo con ventana pericárdica y drenaje de hemopericardio en pacientes con TPC y estabilidad hemodinámica es seguro. La tasas de mortalidad complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria son inferiores con respecto al manejo convencional con esternotomía y/o toracotomía.
Implementación del distanciamiento social en la enseñanza de radiología e imágenes diagnósticas
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Carolina , Corredor Silva Carlos , Aluja-Jaramillo Felipe
Published: June 2021

La emergencia sanitaria nos planteó el reto de dar continuidad a los programas académicos garantizando a los estudiantes la adquisición de competencias prácticas y conocimientos académicos. Las instituciones de educación han tenido que modificar el contexto de los documentos curriculares ya que las condiciones en las que fueron diseñadas han cambiado, generando nuevos retos para las instituciones y para los docentes. Nuestra migración a las actividades virtuales ha sido llevada a cabo de manera satisfactoria, sin embargo, nos dimos a la tarea de conocer la percepción de los implicados en el proceso de formación. La virtualidad no llegó para quedarse, la virtualidad ya estaba aquí, entre nosotros, hace mucho tiempo y sí…definitivamente para quedarse.
Cycling-Induced Microstructural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Adams Jacob N. , Nelson George J.
Published: June 2021

High-capacity electrochemical alloying materials, such as tin and tin-based alloys, present an opportunity for the advancement of lithium-ion batteries. However, the destructive effects of volumetric expansion must be mitigated in order to sustain this high capacity during extended cycling. One way to mitigate these effects is by alloying Sn with more malleable metals to accommodate the strain related to severe volumetric expansion. Ex situ X-ray microtomography data of cycled Cu6Sn5 pellets were used to quantify the microstructural changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation. The microtomography data were segmented into three distinct phases to evaluate phase size distributions, specific surface area, and tortuosity. Electrodes lithiated and then delithiated showed the most substantial reduction in overall phase sizes. This suggests that full lithiation of the Sn followed by partial delithiation of the Li4.4Sn to Li2CuSn can cause substantial microstructural changes related to volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. When considering other microstructural characteristics, this subset of the electrodes analyzed showed the highest tortuosity values. These results show that in addition to the mechanical degradation of the electrodes, excessive volume expansion can also influence transport networks in the active material and supporting phases of the electrode. While based on studies of the active–inactive alloy Cu6Sn5 for lithium-ion battery applications, the insights obtained are expected to be applicable to other alloy electrodes and battery chemistries.
Key epidemiological drivers and impact of interventions in the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England
Authors: Knock Edward S. , Whittles Lilith K. , Lees John A. , Perez-Guzman Pablo N. , Verity Robert , FitzJohn Richard G. , Gaythorpe Katy A. M. , Imai Natsuko , Hinsley Wes , Okell Lucy C. , Rosello Alicia , Kantas Nikolas , Walters Caroline E. , Bhatia Sangeeta , Watson Oliver J. , Whittaker Charlie , Cattarino Lorenzo , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Djaafara Bimandra A. , Fraser Keith , Fu Han , Wang Haowei , Xi Xiaoyue , Donnelly Christl A. , Jauneikaite Elita , Laydon Daniel J. , White Peter J. , Ghani Azra C. , Ferguson Neil M. , Cori Anne , Baguelin Marc
Published: June 2021

A SARS-CoV-2 transmission model fitted to surveillance data estimates virus transmissibility, infection severity, and the impact of interventions.
Shared and Unique Evolutionary Trajectories to Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Zlamal Jaime E. , Leyn Semen A. , Iyer Mallika , Elane Marinela L. , Wong Nicholas A. , Wamsley James W. , Vercruysse Maarten , Garcia-Alcalde Fernando , Osterman Andrei L.
Published: June 2021

The challenge of spreading antibiotic resistance calls for systematic efforts to develop more “irresistible” drugs based on a deeper understanding of dynamics and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance acquisition. To address this challenge, we have established a comparative resistomics approach which combines experimental evolution in a continuous-culturing device, the morbidostat, with ultradeep sequencing of evolving microbial populations to identify evolutionary trajectories (mutations and genome rearrangements) leading to antibiotic resistance over a range of target pathogens.
Filamentous Bacteriophages and the Competitive Interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains under Antibiotic Treatment: a Modeling Study
Authors: Pourtois Julie D. , Kratochvil Michael J. , Chen Qingquan , Haddock Naomi L. , Burgener Elizabeth B. , De Leo Giulio A. , Bollyky Paul L.
Published: June 2021

Filamentous phages are a frontier in bacterial pathogenesis, but the impact of these phages on bacterial fitness is unclear. In particular, Pf phages produced by
Pa
promote antibiotic tolerance but are metabolically expensive to produce, suggesting that competing pressures may influence the prevalence of Pf+ versus Pf− strains of
Pa
in different settings.
Facilitators and barriers for implementation of a load management intervention in football
Authors: Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , Ranvik Andreas , Bjørneboe John , Clarsen Benjamin , Andersen Thor Einar
Published: June 2021

Background

In a recent randomised controlled trial, we found that a commonly used training load management approach was not effective in preventing injuries and illnesses in Norwegian elite youth footballers.

Aim

To investigate players’ and coaches’ barriers and facilitators to a load management approach to prevent injuries and illnesses and their attitudes and beliefs of load management and injuries and illnesses in general.

Methods

We asked players and coaches about their views on injury risk in football, the benefits and limitations of load management in general and implementation of load management in football. The questionnaires used were based on similar studies using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework.

Results

We recorded answers from 250 players and 17 coaches. Most players (88%) reported that scientific evidence showing improved performance from the intervention measures is a key facilitator to completing the intervention. Similarly, coaches reported that the most important facilitator was scientific evidence that the preventive measures were effective (100%). Players reported that the coach’s attitude to preventive measures was important (86%), and similarly, 88% of coaches reported that the player’s attitude was important.

Conclusions

By having a mutual positive attitude towards the intervention, players and coaches can positively contribute to each other’s motivation and compliance. Both players and coaches reported scientific evidence for load management having injury-preventive and performance-enhancing effect and being time efficient as important facilitators.

Trial registration number

Trial registration number
Comorbidity burden in the first three years after diagnosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or spondyloarthritis: a general practice registry-based study
Authors: Stouten Veerle , Pazmino Sofia , Verschueren P , Mamouris Pavlos , Westhovens René , de Vlam Kurt , Bertrand Delphine , Van der Elst Kristien , Vaes Bert , De Cock Diederik
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) are chronic inflammatory rheumatic conditions with high levels of comorbidity requiring additional therapeutic attention. We aimed to compare the 3-year comorbidity incidence and pain medication prescription in patients diagnosed with RA, PsA or SpA versus controls.

Methods

Data between 1999 and 2012 were obtained from Intego, a general practitioner (GP) morbidity registry in Flanders, Belgium. Cases were identified by International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2) codes representing ‘rheumatoid/seropositive arthritis (L88)’ or ‘musculoskeletal disease other (L99)’. The registered keywords mapped to these ICPC-2 codes were further verified and mapped to a RA/SpA/PsA diagnosis. Controls were matched on age, gender, GP practice and diagnosis date. We analysed the 3-year comorbidity burden in cases and controls, measured by the Rheumatic Diseases Comorbidity Index (RDCI). All electronically GP-prescribed drugs were registered.

Results

In total, 738, 229 and 167 patients were included with a diagnosis of RA, SpA or PsA, respectively. Patients with RA or PsA had comparable median RDCI scores at baseline, but higher scores at year 3 compared with controls (RA: p=0.010; PsA: p=0.008). At baseline, depression was more prevalent in PsA patients vs controls (p<0.003). RA patients had a higher 3-year incidence of cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction than controls (p<0.035). All disease population were given more prescriptions than controls for any pain medication type, even opioids excluding tramadol.

Conclusions

This study highlights the increasing comorbidity burden of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic conditions, especially for individuals with RA or PsA. The high opioid use in all populations was remarkable.
When the labs closed: graduate students’ and postdoctoral fellows’ experiences of disrupted research during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Suart Celeste , Nowlan Suart Theresa , Graham Katherine , Truant Ray
Published: June 2021

Government imposed lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread laboratory closures. This study aimed to examine the impact of this disruption on graduate students and postdoctoral fellows completing laboratory-based research in Canada. We used an anonymous online survey and semi-structured interviews to document the experiences of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows during laboratory closures and following the transition to working from home. We employed a mixed-method approach using survey and interview data to identify shared experiences, concerns, and supports. The emotions reported by respondents at different points during laboratory closures align with the Kübler-Ross model of grief following change. Respondents describe closure processes as chaotic and confusing, primarily resulting from inconsistent communication. Respondents reported increased indications of distress while working from home. Concerns about how COVID-19 might impact trainees were identified, including decreasing competitiveness of applicants while limiting future employment opportunities. Finally, we outline five types of supports that can be implemented by supervisors and administrators to support graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to return to the laboratory. Overall, we document shared experiences of respondents during the COVID-19 laboratory shutdown and identify areas of improvement in the event widespread laboratory closures occur in the future.
A new inhibition mechanism in the multifunctional catalytic hemoglobin dehaloperoxidase as revealed by the DHP A(V59W) mutant: A spectroscopic and crystallographic study
Authors: Thompson Matthew K. , Shay Madeline R. , de Serrano Vesna , Dumarieh Rania , Ghiladi Reza A. , Franzen Stefan
Published: June 2021

As multifunctional catalytic hemoglobins, dehaloperoxidase isoenzymes A and B (DHP A and B) are among the most versatile hemoproteins in terms of activities displayed. The ability of DHP to bind over twenty different substrates in the distal pocket might appear to resemble the promiscuousness of monooxygenase enzymes, yet there are identifiable substrate-specific interactions that can steer the type of oxidation (O-atom vs. electron transfer) that occurs inside the DHP distal pocket. Here, we have investigated the DHP A(V59W) mutant in order to probe the limits of conformational flexibility in the distal pocket as it relates to the genesis of this substrate-dependent activity differentiation. The X-ray crystal structure of the metaquo DHP A(V59W) mutant (PDB 3K3U) and the V59W mutant in complex with fluoride [denoted as DHP A(V59W-F)] (PDB 7MNH) show significant mobility of the tryptophan in the distal pocket, with two parallel conformations having W59-N[Formula: see text] H-bonded to a heme-bound ligand (H2O or F[Formula: see text], and another conformation [observed only in DHP A(V59W-F)] that brings W59 sufficiently close to the heme as to preclude axial ligand binding. UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopic studies show that DHP A(V59W) is 5-coordinate high spin (5cHS) at pH 5 and 6-coordinate high spin (6cHS) at pH 7, whereas DHP A(V59W-F) is 6cHS from pH 5 to 7. Enzyme assays confirm robust peroxidase activity at pH 5, but complete loss of activity at pH 7. We find no evidence that tryptophan plays a role in the oxidation mechanism ([Formula: see text]. radical formation). Instead, the data reveal a new mechanism of DHP inhibition, namely a shift towards a non-reactive form by OH[Formula: see text] ligation to the heme-Fe that is strongly stabilized (presumably through H-bonding interactions) by the presence of W59 in the distal cavity.
The Long-Term Change of Arrhythmias after Transcatheter Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Zheng Hongyan , Lin Aiwen , Wang Li , Xu Yukai , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: June 2021

Objectives. To observe and analyze the long-term change of different types of arrhythmias after transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD). Methods. We retrospectively collected the data of patients who underwent pmVSD closure in our institution from March 2002 to December 2010. Results. One hundred thirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 265 (25.5%) had early arrhythmia. They were classified into two categories: conduction abnormality (191/1039; 18.4%) and origin abnormality (94/1039; 9.0%), including 20 patients with both types of arrhythmias. The median follow-up time was 84.5 months, and 103 patients (103/191; 53.9%) with early conduction block got permanent arrhythmias, while only three patients (3/94; 3.2%) with early anomalous origin arrhythmias still had an abnormal electrocardiogram. Serious arrhythmias (28/1039; 2.7%), including II° atrioventricular block (AVB), III° AVB, and complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB), can appear immediately in the early postoperative period (21 patients) or in the late outset (seven patients) after several months or even years (6 months to 8.3 years). Twenty patients (20/21; 95.2%) with serious arrhythmia in the early postoperative period improved after early treatment, but six patients relapsed or worsened during follow-up. At the endpoint, severe arrhythmia persisted in 13 patients, of which four patients got permanent pacemaker implanted, and one patient with recurrent CLBBB died from heart failure. Conclusions. The probability of delayed CAVB or bundle branch block after VSD closure is low but often occurs several years after surgery. Therefore, long-term ECG follow-up should last for several years or even decades. Serious arrhythmias that appear early after transcatheter pmVSD closure may impose a risk of recurrence although they have been cured already. Close attention should be paid to the changes of cardiac function in patients with CLBBB after VSD closure, and the severity of such arrhythmia should be taken seriously and reexamined.
[Retracted] Processing Methods for Digital Image Data Based on the Geographic Information System
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Taizheng , Li Dongwei , Yu Shiqi
Published: June 2021

Digital image data processing is mainly to input digital image data into a computer to complete the conversion of a continuous spatially distributed image model into a discrete digital model so that the computer can identify, process, and store the processing process of digital image information. Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system that integrates multiple forms of information expression, and it integrates functions such as collection, processing, transmission, storage, management, analysis, expression, and query retrieval, which can quickly discover the spatial distribution of things and their attributes and can express the results accurately and vividly in various intuitive forms. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of processing methods for digital image data, elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of the GIS technology, introduced the methods and principles of permutation matrix algorithm and subimage averaging method, constructed the processing model for digital image data based on GIS, analyzed the data structure and its database establishment for digital image, proposed the processing methods for digital image data based on GIS, performed the enhancement processing and calculation classification of digital image data, and finally conducted a case analysis and its result discussion. The study results show that the proposed processing methods for digital image data based on GIS can perform analogue‐to‐digital conversion of continuous images, complete the steps of sampling, layering, and quantization, and then encode the obtained discrete digital signal into the computer to form an in‐plane collection of pixels; this processing method can also organically combine spatial information and image data and identify, process, and store digital image data from both spatial and attribute aspects. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the processing methods for digital image data based on GIS.
Individual/Household and Community‐Level Factors Associated with Child Marriage in Mali: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Zegeye Betregiorgis , Olorunsaiye Comfort Z. , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Budu Eugene , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Yaya Sanni
Published: June 2021

Background. Child marriage is a major public health problem globally, and the prevalence remains high in sub‐Saharan African countries, including Mali. There is a dearth of evidence about factors associated with child marriage in Mali. Hence, this studyaimed at investigating the individual/household and community‐level factors associated with child marriage among women in Mali. Methods. Using data from the 2018 Mali Demographic and Health Survey, analysis was done on 8,350 women aged 18‐49 years. A Chi‐square test was used to select candidate variables for the multilevel multivariable logistic regression models. Fixed effects results weree xpressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CI). Stata version 14 software was used for the analysis. Results. The results showed that 58.2% (95% CI; 56.3%‐60.0%) and 20.3% (95%; 19.0%‐21.6%) of women aged 18‐49 years were married before their 18th and 15th birthday, respectively. Educational status of women (higher education: aOR = 0.25, 95% CI; 0.14‐0.44), their partner’s/husband’s educational status (higher education: aOR = 0.64, 95% CI; 0.47‐0.87), women’s occupation (professional, technical, or managerial: aOR = 0.50, 95% CI; 0.33‐0.77), family size (five and above: aOR = 1.16, 95% CI; 1.03‐1.30), and ethnicity (Senoufo/Minianka: aOR = 0.73, 95% CI; 0.58‐0.92) were the identified individual/household level factors associated with child marriage, whereas region (Mopti: aOR = 0.27, 95% CI; 0.19‐0.39) was the community level factor associated with child marriage. Conclusions. This study has revealed a high prevalence of child marriage in Mali. To reduce the magnitude of child marriage in Mali, enhancing policies and programs that promote education for both girls and boys, creating employment opportunities, improving the utilization of family planning services, and sensitizing girls and parents who live in regions such as Kayes on the negative effects of child marriage is essential. Moreover, working with community leaders so as to reduce child marriage in the Bambara ethnic communities would also be beneficial.
In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Leaf Latex of Aloe melanacantha against Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: Gebremariam Gebrehiwot Kiros , Desta Haile Kassahun , Teklehaimanot Tekleab Teka , Girmay Tsgab Gebrecherkos
Published: June 2021

Background. Malaria is a major health concern in the world in general and developing countries in particular. Nowadays, the control of malaria has ended up steadily more complex due to the spread of drug-resistant parasites. Medicinal plants are the verifiable source of compelling antimalarial drugs. The present study was aimed to assess the in vivo antimalarial activity of leaf latex of A. melanacantha against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Methods. Acute oral toxicity study of the leaf latex was assessed in mice up to a dose of 2,000 mg/kg. A four-day suppressive model was utilized to investigate the antimalarial activity of the plant. Three extract doses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, doses of the plant leaf latex, chloroquine, 10 mg/kg (positive control) and distilled water, and 10 mL/kg (negative control) were administered to mice. Percent parasitemia suppression, packed cell volume, mean survival time, body weight, and rectal body temperature were used to determine antimalarial activity. Results. Test groups treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the latex showed a significant parasitemia suppression in dose dependent manner compared to the negative control with an IC50 of 22.63 mg/ml. Mice treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg have shown parasitemia suppression of 14.86%, 29%, and 43.2%, respectively. The chemosuppression was significant (

P
<
0.05

) at all doses compared to the negative control. Similarly, mice treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg have shown a significant survival time compared to the negative control. At the same time, weight loss reduction was observed within the test groups treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of the latex while the test groups treated with 400 mg/kg had showed almost no weight loss reduction. The latex also reversed the PCV reduction significantly (

P
<
0.05

) at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses and prevented rectal temperature dropping significantly (

P
<
0.05

) at all doses. Conclusion. The leaf latex of A. melanacantha has shown significant antimalarial activity against P. berghei in mice supporting the genuine traditional antimalarial usage of the plant.
Health Literacy in Glomerulonephritis and Renal Vasculitis Attending Nephrology Clinics
Authors: Lim Cynthia Ciwei , Mok Irene Y.J. , Tan Hui Zhuan , Tan Claire , Yeo Fiona , Choo Jason C.J.
Published: June 2021

Aims: Glomerulonephritis is one of the leading causes of progressive chronic kidney disease worldwide and treatment requires shared decision-making to improve self-care and plan immunosuppressant therapy. However, information on health literacy (HL) in patients with glomerulonephritis is scanty. We aimed to assess HL in our multiethnic population with glomerulonephritis. Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study of patients with glomerulonephritis receiving induction immunosuppressants at the ambulatory nephrology clinic and who completed the anonymized self-administered HLS-EU-47 questionnaire. The standardized HL index and domain item mean scores were compared with participant sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Among 65 patients who attend the clinics over a month, 27 agreed to participate in the survey. After excluding responses with significant missing information, we included 23 participants (16 Chinese, 4 Malay, 2 Indian, and 1 other ethnicity) in the analysis. The median age was 39 (interquartile range 27, 60 years). The median general HL index was 26.2 (19.8, 29.8). The item mean scores were 2.64 (2.43, 2.77), 2.45 (2.09, 2.72), 2.33 (2.17, 2.58), and 2.50 (2.25, 2.75) for the domains of accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health-care-related information, respectively. Male patients had significantly higher HL indices and higher scores for accessing and appraising health information, while higher personal income was significantly associated with higher score for applying health knowledge. Conclusion: Patients with glomerulonephritis had lowest HL in the domain of appraising health information. Further research on targeted interventions to improve the HL in appraising treatment options and vaccinations in patients with glomerulonephritis is required.
Drain Amylase Levels in the Early Diagnosis of Gastric Leak after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Romano Lucia , Giuliani Antonio , Di Furia Marino , Meloni Danilo , Cianca Giovanni , Mattei Antonella , Fiasca Fabiana , Tonelli Emilio , Carlei Francesco , Schietroma Mario
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is gaining popularity as a bariatric option. Gastric leak is the most dreaded septic complication after this procedure. This study investigated levels of drain amylase that could be useful for predicting gastric leak before its clinical presentation. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in 167 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity between February 2014 and March 2020. Measurement of drain amylase levels (DALs) was adapted as a routine procedure. The results of the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an optimal drain amylase levels cutoff point of 814.18 IU/L. Consequently, the DALs were classified as DALs <814.18 or DALs ≥814.18 for all subsequent analyses. Results: Gastric leak occurred in 6 patients. Drain amylase levels of 167 patients were tested. The mean value for patients without leak was 71.13 ± 72.11 IU/L; for patients with leak, it was 4,687 ± 6,670 IU/L (p < 0.001). Using ROC curve analysis, the mean ± standard error of the area under the curve for DALs on postoperative day 1 was 0.9927 ± 0.0075, CI = 0.978–1.00, and a cutoff level at 814.18 IU/L for predicting gastric leak achieved 83.33% sensitivity and 100% specificity with positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value 99.38%. All patients with a leak, but one, had a drain amylase level >814.18 IU/L. Conclusion: The determination of drain amylase levels after sleeve gastrectomy is a significant indicator of gastric leak with high sensitivity and specificity.
Antenatal Exposure to UV‐B Radiation and Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hastie Claire E. , Mackay Daniel F. , Clemens Tom L. , Cherrie Mark P. C. , Megaw Lauren J. , Smith Gordon C. S. , Stock Sarah J. , Dibben Chris , Pell Jill P.
Published: June 2021

Background

Risk of preeclampsia varies by month of delivery. We tested whether this seasonal patterning may be mediated through maternal vitamin D concentration using antenatal exposure to UV‐B radiation as an instrumental variable.

Methods and Results

Scottish maternity records were linked to antenatal UV‐B exposure derived from satellites between 2000 and 2010. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between UV‐B and preeclampsia, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of month of conception, child's sex, gestation, parity, and mean monthly temperature. Of the 522 896 eligible singleton deliveries, 8689 (1.66%) mothers developed preeclampsia. Total antenatal UV‐B exposure ranged from 43.18 to 101.11 kJ/m
2
and was associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia with evidence of a dose‐response relationship (highest quintile of exposure: adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44–0.72;
P
<0.001). Associations were demonstrated for UV‐B exposure in all 3 trimesters.

Conclusions

The seasonal patterning of preeclampsia may be mediated through low maternal vitamin D concentration in winter resulting from low UV‐B radiation. Interventional studies are required to determine whether vitamin D supplements or UV‐B–emitting light boxes can reduce the seasonal patterning of preeclampsia.
Central Triage of Acute Stroke Patients Across a Distributive Stroke Network Is Safe and Reduces Transfer Denials
Authors: Holder Derek , Leeseberg Kevin , Giles James A. , Lee Jin-Moo , Namazie Sheyda , Ford Andria L.
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:

Mechanical thrombectomy has dramatically increased patient volumes transferred to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs), resulting in transfer denials for patients who need higher level of care only available at a CSC. We hypothesized that a distributive stroke network (DSN), triaging low severity acute stroke patients to a primary stroke center (PSC) upon initial telestroke consultation, would safely reduce transfer denials, thereby providing additional volume to treat severe strokes at a CSC.

Methods:

In 2017, a DSN was implemented, in which mild stroke patients were centrally triaged, via telestroke consultation, to a PSC based upon a simple clinical severity algorithm, while higher acuity/severity strokes were triaged to the CSC. In an observational cohort study, data on acute ischemic stroke patients presenting to regional community hospitals were collected pre- versus post-DSN implementation. Safety outcomes and rate of CSC transfer denials were compared pre-DSN versus post-DSN.

Results:

The pre-DSN cohort (n=150), triaged to the CSC, had a similar rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and discharge location compared with the post-DSN cohort (n=150), triaged to the PSC. Time to stroke unit admission was faster post-DSN (2 hours 40 minutes) versus pre-DSN (3 hours 29 minutes;
P
<0.001). Transfer denials were reduced post-DSN (3.8%) versus pre-DSN (1.8%;
P
=0.02), despite an increase in telestroke consultation volume over the same period (median, 3 calls per day pre-DSN versus 5 calls per day post-DSN;
P
=0.001). No patients who were triaged to the PSC required subsequent transfer to the CSC.

Conclusions:

A DSN, triaging mild ischemic stroke patients from community hospitals to a PSC, safely reduced transfer denials to the CSC, allowing greater capacity at the CSC to treat higher acuity stroke patients.
Comparative Theology in the Contemporary Australian Context
Authors: Ray Anita C.
Published: June 2021

This essay examines the practice of comparative theology within the culturally and religiously plural landscape of contemporary Australia. Tracing the early stages of the discipline in Australia to the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy at Australian Catholic University (acu) in 2012, the paper tracks its subsequent progress in the vibrant Asia-Pacific region. For the sake of clarity, I investigate a specific example of comparative theology, testing the feasibility of an engagement between Anglo-Celtic Christians and Indigenous Australian peoples. Seeking greater theological depth, I isolate a precise theme—the creation of the universe—and position the Indigenous viewpoint within the oral ‘Dreaming’ myths of the central Australian desert. The Christian perspective derives from written Biblical sources.
Theorising a Decolonising Asian Hermeneutic for Comparative Theology
Authors: Hedges Paul
Published: June 2021

This paper advances some ways in which Asian perspectives challenge the regnant discourse of comparative theology. It sets out some key aspects of the postcolonial critique of comparative theology, and shows how conceptions of “religion” in the discipline are often based in problematic Western paradigms. However, it also challenges any reified distinction of “Orient” and “Occident”. It is argued that if Asian comparative theology is to fulfil its potential it must not operate within existing dominant Western frames. The author suggests that a hermeneutical basis for comparative theology may be rethought through Asian lenses, and draws on the philosophy of Nāgārjuna to provide an example of this.
First record of genus Phlyctaenopora in South Pacific waters
Authors: KELLY MICHELLE
Published: June 2021

Four species of Phlyctaenopora Topsent, 1904 (Demospongiae Sollas, Poecilosclerida Topsent, Mycalidae Lundbeck) are recognised today (Van Soest et al. 2021a) (Table 1): two Atlantic Ocean species in subgenus Phlyctaenopora [type species P. (P.) bitorquis Topsent, 1904, from the Azores; P. (P.) halichondrioides van Soest & Stentoft, 1988, from Barbados]; and two Southern Hemisphere species in subgenus Barbozia Dendy, 1922: P. (Barbozia) primitiva Dendy, 1922, from the Seychelles, and P. (B.) bocagei Lévi & Lévi, 1983, from New Caledonia. Here we describe a new species of Phlyctaenopora from Wanganella North in International Waters on the West Norfolk Ridge, northwest of New Zealand. Phlyctaenopora (B.) spina sp. nov. provides a first record of the genus in the South Pacific, providing further confirmation of the integrity of the subgenus Barbozia.
A new species of Bestiolina (Copepoda, Calanoida, Paracalanidae) and complementary description of B. similis (Sewell, 1914) from the Nansei Islands, Japan
Authors: UEDA HIROSHI , SAKAGUCHI SAKIKO ORUI
Published: June 2021

Two species of the calanoid copepod genus Bestiolina occurred in estuarine/coastal waters of the Nansei Islands, southernmost Japan. One of them is described herein as Bestiolina okinawae sp. nov., which is distinguished from known congeners by a combination of the following characteristics: 1) fifth pedigerous somite bearing groups of tiny spinules on the posterior end, 2) female mandible bearing a rod-shaped first gnathal tooth, 3) male left leg 5 with short apical spine on long terminal segment, and 4) legs 2–3 with endopodal segment 2 lacking spinules. The new species was the dominant zooplankter in oligohaline waters. The other species is morphologically identifiable to Bestiolina similis (Sewell, 1914). Genetic analysis using COI revealed that the two species differed by 9.9–10.0%, in contrast to small intra-specific genetic variation (0.0–1.5%). The two species were spatially segregated in low-salinity (2–30) estuaries and high-salinity (25–36) coastal waters, respectively, but co-occurred in some samples. Their body length decreased from the winter (around 20°C) to the summer (around 30°C) by 9.5–18.1%, depending on the species and sex. In both species, adult males, which lack mandibular gnathobase, were larger than the adult females.
Silence of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 1 Prevents Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation via Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Isoform-3/Ca2+/Calmodulin Pathway
Authors: Tuo Hu , Yao Baozhen , He Bing , Yu Shiqian , Li Danni , Li Wenjing , Jin Lin
Published: June 2021

Increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), and the insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is involved in AS through effects on VSMCs growth and migration. The IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1(IGF2BP1) is a secreted
protein that can bind to IGF2 and regulate its localization, however, whether IGF2BP1 could regulate VSMCs proliferation remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of IGF2BP1 in VSMCs proliferation and uncover the potential mechanism. Primary human aortic VSMCs that
transfected with or without shRNA-IGF2BP1 were stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and then cell proliferation, intracellular Ca2+ level, cell apoptosis and the expression of IGF2BP1, calmodulin (CaM) and cell cycle-related proteins were detected. RNA pull
down assay was used to determine the interaction between IGF2BP1 and nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform-3 (NFATc3). We found that PDGF-BB promoted cell proliferation and enhanced IGF2BP1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. The 10 μg/L PDGF-BB significantly increased
intracellular Ca2+ level, NFATc3, CaM and calcineurin A protein expression, TUNEL-positive cells, and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin D1/E1/B1. However, knockdown of IGF2BP1 significantly blunted all these effects induced by PDGF-BB. In addition, IGF2BP1 could
bind to NFATc3 RNA. Collectively, knockdown of IGF2BP1 could inhibit PDGFBB- induced VSMCs proliferation via targeting NFATc3/Ca2+/calmodulin pathway and disturbing the effect of NFATc3/ on cell cycle.
The spatiotemporal characteristics of near-surface water vapor in a coastal region revealed from radar-derived refractivity
Authors: Feng Ya-Chien , Hsu Hsiu-Wei , Weckwerth Tammy M. , Lin Pay-Liam , Liou Yu-Chieng , Wang Tai-Chi Chen
Published: June 2021

The radar-retrieved refractivity fields provide detailed depictions of the near-surface moisture distribution at the meso-gamma scale. This study represents a novel application of the refractivity fields by examining the spatiotemporal characteristics of moisture variability in a summertime coastal region in Taiwan over four weeks. The physiography in Taiwan lends itself to a variety of flow features and corresponding moisture behavior, which has not been well-studied. High-resolution of refractivity analyses demonstrate how a highly variable moisture field is related to the complex interaction between the synoptic-scale winds, diurnal local circulations, terrain, storms, and heterogeneous land-use. On average, higher refractivity (water vapor) is observed along the coastline and refractivity decreases inland toward the foothills. Under weak synoptic forcing conditions, the daytime refractivity field develops differently under local surface wind directions determined by the synoptic-scale prevailing wind and the sea breeze fronts. High moisture penetrates inland toward the foothills with southwesterly winds, but it stalls along the coastline with southerly and the northwesterly winds. The moisture distribution may further affect the occurrence of the inland afternoon storms. During the nighttime, the dry downslope wind decreases the moisture from the foothills toward the coast and forms a refractivity gradient perpendicular to the meridionally-oriented mountains. Furthermore, the refractivity fields illustrate higher resolution moisture distribution over surface station point measurements by showing the lagged daytime sea-breeze front between the urban and rural areas and the detailed nighttime heterogeneous moisture distribution related to land-use and rivers.
Institutional justice and the virtue of gratitude
Authors: Warne Nathaniel A.
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the relationship between justice, institutions, and the medieval virtue of gratitude. It does this by focusing on a thirteenth-century account of the virtue of gratitude in the work of Thomas Aquinas. It argues that institutions, both formal and informal, provide a helpful framework for considering the relationship between gratitude and a number of important benefactor and beneficiary relationships within the hierarchy of virtues that make up the cardinal virtue of justice. This paper first explores Thomas’ account of the virtues of justice and gratitude. It then looks at recent literature in theology and ethics of institutions showing how formal and informal institutions can help cultivate gratitude.
Political sociology in a time of protest
Authors: Barrie Christopher
Published: June 2021

We live in a time of protest. Relative to sociology, political science has traditionally paid little attention to ‘extra-institutional’ forms of political behaviour. For its part, sociology has tended to prioritize the explanation of mobilization processes over political outcomes. Using bibliometric records from 14 political science and sociology journals over the last two decades, this study demonstrates that protest has witnessed a resurgence of interest in political science and that both sociology and political science now share a focus on the outcomes of protest. The article lays out key trends in this research agenda and suggests what is missing, arguing that a political sociology of protest should integrate recent findings from both disciplines to better understand elite decision-making, the mediation of protest information and protestor aims.
The shift to cause framing in Egyptian LGBT advocacy after the January 25 revolution
Authors: Magued Shaimaa
Published: June 2021

This study sheds light on LGBT activists’ recourse to the rights frame as a means to overcome social and political restrictions and develop an effective advocacy in an authoritarian context. While the literature has de-emphasized social movements’ recourse to cultural resources in authoritarian contexts, this study presents cause framing and its interactionist approach, cultural opportunity structure, as a means of adaptation to repression. Thanks to the rights frame, activists used cultural resources in the formulation of their cause based on feelings of common injustice and the development of a flexible transnational cyber-advocacy calling for the end to the state’s violation of individual rights.
Some Thoughts on Administering the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick to Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Newton William
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about access to the Sacraments, particularly the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. To stop the transmission of infectious diseases by the minister, it has been suggested that the priest could use a nurse to apply the sacred oils to the patient or recipient while he remains in the vicinity but a medically safe distance from the bedside, using a phone to communicate with the patient. Whether or not such a protocol would invalidate the Sacrament requires an investigation of some foundational principles of Sacramental theology, including the use of instruments in the execution of Sacraments, how the form of a Sacrament must be conveyed, and the requisite proximity of the minister to the recipient. A careful analysis of these principles, in light to the suggested protocol, leads to the surprising (although tentative) conclusion that the Sacrament would be valid if executed in this manner.
Globalization, Governance, and the Green Economy in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Policy Thresholds
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Nnanna Joseph
Published: June 2021

This study assesses how globalization modulates the effect of governance on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in sub‐Saharan African countries. The empirical evidence is based on Generalized Method of Moments. The minimum level (or negative threshold) of Foreign Direct Investment required for it to interact with political stability and contribute toward the green economy is 45 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), while 90 percent of GDP is the maximum level (or positive threshold) required for trade to complement “voice and accountability” in mitigating CO2 emissions. Seventy‐six percent of GDP and 80 percent of GDP are, respectively, negative trade thresholds for government effectiveness and economic governance. The corresponding negative trade thresholds for the rule of law, corruption‐control, and institutional governance are, respectively, 230 percent of GDP, 63.5 percent of GDP, and 106.5 percent of GDP. Actionable openness policy thresholds are provided to inform policy makers on how governance interacts with globalization to promote the green economy.
Synchronization controller design for a network of boundary-controlled anti-stable wave equation with time-varying perturbations
Authors: Yang Jian , Zong Xiju , Chen Zhenzhen , Yang Shuying
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a output feedback controller based on an infinite dimensional disturbance observer and a state feedback controller based on backstepping method are proposed to solve the synchronous control problem of network anti-stable wave equation with time-varying disturbance at the boundary. One agent in the network wave equation as the virtual leader, and all remaining agents need to track the status of the virtual leader incrementally. Here, the design of synchronous controller is divided into three parts. Firstly, backstepping method is used to design a set of controllers that makes all the systems stable. Secondly, infinite dimensional disturbance observers based on the idea of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technology are used to estimate the disturbance. Finally, the synchronization controllers are designed, and the error between the following system and the virtual leader system converges to 0 in the appropriate sense. The applicability of the closed-loop system is analyzed and proved. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the controller design.
Systematic Review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Caregivers, and Staff
Authors: Garcia Yors , Keller-Collins Anastasia , Andrews Meredith , Kurumiya Yukie , Imlay Kaleiya , Umphrey Brandon , Foster Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this review was to quantitatively synthesize studies using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NNDs), their parents, and staff members that support them. Thirty studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2020 met inclusion criteria. They were reviewed and coded on variables associated with participants’ characteristics, settings, dropouts, design type, ACT procedures and measures, social validity, treatment integrity, and main findings. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2) and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) were applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. Results indicated that 20 studies used group designs and 10 studies used single-case designs. Participants with NNDs consisted predominantly of those with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities. Group studies reported process and outcome measures exclusively; whereas, single-case studies also incorporated behavioral/direct measures. Overall, results showed mixed improvements across studies using indirect and direct measures. Lastly, quality assessment for group studies presented moderate or serious risk of bias and two single-case studies did not meet WWC evidence of effectiveness. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.