bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A machine learning approach to police recruitment: Exploring the predictive value of social identity measurement instruments
Authors: Gibson Ian , Stubbs Gareth
Published: December 2023

Existing research on police recruitment is eclectic, with examples of multiple methodologies in multiple police-related settings. These methods often resemble psychological measurement of individual traits yet neglect the potential recruits’ social resources or network-based influence. More recent research has utilised social identity and social network theory to understand the route to a police candidate’s eventual recruitment, but this is underdeveloped. This literature indicates that further research utilising social identity theory could assist with understanding what was before for police recruits and whether that matters. This study explores the use of random forest machine learning to analyse one partial and two full self-report social identity measurement instruments completed by 886 police recruit applicants. It aimed to explore whether the results of these instruments completed by potential police recruits were predictive of their success in the recruitment process. The results reveal that the combined use of these validated social identity instruments offers a reliable predictive base for successful and unsuccessful applicants, with an overall accuracy rate of 86% across the model’s performance metrics. The implications from this study highlight the significance of perceived social identity in the context of police recruitment, emphasising the potential impact of using its measurement to gain improved understanding of candidate selection. Social identity measurement instruments could be incorporated into recruitment processes, allowing police departments to enhance their ability to identify individuals who are more likely to succeed at an earlier stage via machine learning. Practically, this could reduce the need for multiple, expensive recruitment stages. Theoretically, it illustrates that a police recruit’s social identity is of importance to whether a candidate is successful or not, presenting police forces with both challenges and opportunities.
Digital utopia and dystopia of schools after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fazekas Nóra
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to capture the digital imaginaries of Hungarian schools through the lens of digital utopianism as a theoretical framework. Employing a qualitative research approach and semi-structured interviews, this study contributes to the body of literature concerning organizational and policy-level educational management. It investigates utopian and dystopian visions of digitalized schools within the Hungarian education system, featuring participants comprising school leaders, teachers, and administrative staff drawn from five institutions, offering either general or vocational education, representing diverse ownership structures, including state and religious ownership. The study highlights prominent themes of the imaginaries, such as funding and infrastructure, equity, misuse, and social and pedagogical relations and suggests further research directions and methodologies applicable in this field.
Reading Ancient Temples through the Lens of Disability Studies and Mobility Design
Authors: Zucconi Laura M.
Published: December 2023

Modern archaeological scholarship typically overlooks the experiences of people with disabilities, assuming that ancient societies, like contemporary ones, focused on the able-bodied. However, recent developments in the field have demonstrated the possibility of uncovering previously hidden aspects, such as prostheses and votive offerings related to disabilities at healing shrines. Nevertheless, excavations and material culture interpretations still often neglect the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities in antiquity. This article proposes a novel approach that integrates disability studies and mobility design into archaeology to shed light on the lives of the disabled. It applies these concepts to examine access to temples for people with disabilities in ancient Greece, Egypt, and Canaan/Israel, serving as a proof of concept to show that archaeologists can uncover insights into disability by understanding the theological underpinnings of religious site construction.
A Bayesian Analysis of a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Intervention for High-Risk People on Probation
Authors: Han SeungHoon , Hyatt Jordan M. , Barnes Geoffrey C. , Sherman Lawrence W.
Published: December 2023

This analysis employs a Bayesian framework to estimate the impact of a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention on the recidivism of high-risk people under community supervision. The study relies on the reanalysis of experimental datal using a Bayesian logistic regression model. In doing so, new estimates of programmatic impact were produced using weakly informative Cauchy priors and the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method. The Bayesian analysis indicated that CBT reduced the prevalence of new charges for total, non-violent, property, and drug crimes. However, the effectiveness of the CBT program varied meaningfully depending on the participant's age. The probability of the successful reduction of drug offenses was high only for younger individuals (<26 years old), while there was an impact on property offenses only for older individuals (>26 years old). In general, the probability of the successful reduction of new charges was higher for the older group of people on probation. Generally, this study demonstrates that Bayesian analysis can complement the more commonplace Null Hypothesis Significance Test (NHST) analysis in experimental research by providing practically useful probability information. Additionally, the specific findings of the reestimation support the principles of risk-needs responsivity and risk-stratified community supervision and align with related findings, though important differences emerge. In this case, the Bayesian estimations suggest that the effect of the intervention may vary for different types of crime depending on the age of the participants. This is informative for the development of evidence-based correctional policy and effective community supervision programming.
Long-term venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for acute respiratory distress syndrome after COVID-19
Authors: Wang Wei , Feng Ying , Li Zhenzhen , Lin Xin , Song Ruixia , Chen Gang , Ma Ruchao , Ma Guiqing
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) following coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a serious complication often causing irreversible lung injury associated with high mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be initiated in severe cases. We present a case of ARDS following SARS-CoV-2 infection with prolonged duration ECMO (1045 hours, 44 days) without exchanging circuit throughout the whole duration without technical complication.

Case report

A 71-year-old man of acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection was initiated on venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO). There was no technical complication without exchanging circuit throughout the whole prolonged ECMO duration (1045 hours, 44 days). Despite a great effort to improve his lung mechanics and gas exchange, there was continued clinical and physiological deterioration unfortunately. Following family discussion and with input from the multidisciplinary team (MDT) including palliative care specialists, there was recognition of deterioration despite optimal respiratory support. Shortly thereafter planned withdrawal occurred, and the patient passed away with his family at his bedside.

Discussion

This case study illustrates that it may be considered to use long term ECMO as a bridge to recovery or lung transplantation of ARDS patient after SARS-CoV-2 infection with severe lung injury. Benefits from proper long-term ECMO management,it is possible of sparing to exchange circuit throughout the whole prolonged duration without technical complication.

Conclusion

This case indicates the feasibility of using of a long term VV-ECMO as a bridge to recovery or lung transplantation of ARDS patient after secondary to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with severe lung injury without circuit exchange. The optimal duration of VV-ECMO support and optimal diagnostic modalities for critical assessment of native lung recovery or irretrievable severe lung injury still require further investigation.
Applied patient-level palliative care interventions designed to meet the needs of sexual and gender minorities: A scoping review and qualitative content analysis of how to support sexual and gender minorities at end of life
Authors: Robinson Lilian , Matamoros Cam
Published: December 2023

Background:

Sexual and gender minorities experience considerable health disparities across the life span. End of life presents unique challenges for this population, further exacerbating existing disparities.

Aim:

We aimed to identify applied patient-level palliative care interventions for sexual and gender minorities and describe how said interventions met the needs of these populations at end of life.

Design:

We conducted a scoping review in keeping with the updated Arksey and O’Malley Framework. All included reports were analyzed qualitatively to describe the intervention and summarize thematically how it met the needs of sexual and gender minorities at end of life.

Data sources:

We conducted searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL from 1946 to June 10, 2023. Reports were eligible for inclusion if they described a palliative care intervention delivered to sexual and gender minorities, and if the palliative care intervention responded to at least one specific need of the sexual and gender minority population(s) in question.

Results:

We included and summarized 27 reports. We identified three overarching themes describing how palliative care interventions responded to the needs of sexual and gender minorities at end of life.

Conclusions:

This review responds to a need to improve palliative care delivery for sexual and gender minorities. Recommendations derived from these interventions, including how to center and advocate for sexual and gender minorities at end of life, can be applied by any interdisciplinary palliative care provider.
Builders Behaving Badly: The Rise and Fall of the Chief Workman Paneb (i) at Deir el-Medîna
Authors: Sweeney Deborah
Published: December 2023

This article offers a new analysis of the period during the late 19th Dynasty when Paneb (i) was chief workman of the right-hand side of the crew, arguing that the political upheavals of these years are closely connected to Paneb’s rise to power and fall from grace. Building on Benedict Davies’ prosopographical work on the Deir el-Medîna workmen1 and Mark Collier’s dating of the administrative ostraca of this period,2 this article sheds new light on the appointments made during this period, and on other features of Paneb’s administration.

[Formula: see text]
At the territorial roots of global processes: Heterogeneous modes of regional involvement in Global Value Chains
Authors: Capello Roberta , Dellisanti Roberto , Perucca Giovanni
Published: December 2023

Despite the large evidence of the recent globalization phenomenon at national level, very little is known about the involvement of regional economies in Global Value Chains (GVCs). Instead, the regional dimension of GVCs is of primary importance since regions require an absolute advantage to be part of an international production chain. It can in fact be easily the case that within the same country both the participation and the gains from GVCs strongly differ among regions. In going to the territorial roots of GVCs, the paper aims to conceptualize a taxonomy of different modes in which regions can be involved in GVCs, based on different intensity of participation and rewarding conditions. Based on regional trade in value added matrices, the taxonomy is applied to the manufacturing sector at NUTS2 regions in Europe, combining two indicators of regional participation and ‘terms of trade’ imposed in the chain. Although national patterns are visible, and a clear divide between Eastern and Western Europe emerges, the modes of involvement are highly diversified within countries. Moreover, through a multinomial logit model, the local characteristics associated with the different roles that regions can have within GVCs are looked for. Their identification has far-reaching normative consequences that intervene in the capacity of regions to gain from participation in GVCs, and to mitigate the interregional income distribution effects that this involvement may cause.
Microfoundations of Dynamic Capabilities for Social Innovations in Small Non-Profit Organizations
Authors: Kadyrova Alina , Shapira Philip
Published: December 2023

The promotion of social innovations by non-profit and business organizations has gained increasing interest. Yet, there has been limited research on routines that organizations use to facilitate social innovations. This paper uses a dynamic capabilities framework to understand the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities for social innovation in small non-profit organizations. Through analysis of routines of 20 small organizations in five European metropolitan areas, the paper demonstrates that many microfoundation aspects resemble generic abilities of opportunity identification, alliancing, user engagement, networking, and organizational learning. However, their orientation toward public values requires incorporating commitments to social value and principles of ethics, responsibility, and sustainability, into different organizational processes. We suggest that social impact does not always require substantial investment and can be achievable through modest changes such as repurposing surplus resources. Building flexible routines that enable such incremental changes is a key element of organizational capability to adapt to changing contexts.
Research on influencing factors of oil film temperature field characteristics for adaptive hydrostatic thrust bearing
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Sun Fan , Zhou Defan , Huang Dianbin , Zhan Shiwei , Han Fei , Jiao Jianhua , Jiang Hui
Published: December 2023

Adaptive hydrostatic thrust bearing represents a mechatronic answer to the fast-growing industrial needs of high-performance rotary machineries. The aim of this research is to study the influencing factors of the temperature field characteristics of the adaptive hydrostatic thrust bearing, such as rotational speed, load, viscosity, and inlet flow rate. The temperature rise equation of the micro-gap oil film is derived, and a three-dimensional model of micro-gap oil film is established. Finite Volume Method and ANSYS FLUENT are used to explore the influence factors of the temperature rise of the micro-gap oil film based on the principle of Computational Fluid Dynamic. The results show that temperature rise on the downstream side of the oil cavity is higher than that on the countercurrent side, and the temperature rise on the edge of the outer oil sealing edge is higher than that on the inner oil sealing edge. The rotational speed has the greatest impact on the oil film temperature rise, followed by viscosity, inlet flow rate, and then load. The increment of oil film temperature rise with the load less than 16 t is higher than the increment of oil film temperature rise with the load greater than 16 t. When the rotational speed is lower than 80 rpm, the temperature rise of the oil film increases faster with the increase of the rotational speed than when the rotation speed is above 80 rpm. The inlet flow rate increases, the maximum temperature and average temperature rise of the oil film decreases, but there is little variation. The maximum temperature and average temperature rise increase with the increase of viscosity, and the greater the viscosity, the more obvious nonlinear.
To Kill a Mockingbird: Bentham and Locke in Gambat, Pakistan
Authors: Rana Muhammad Ahsan
Published: December 2023

Set in a rural, tribal district of Pakistan in the 1990s, this case examines the tension between utilitarian and libertarian principles faced by public administrators in their everyday work. The settlement of a bloody tribal feud hinged upon returning a young girl who had recently married a man from another tribe to her parents. Ahsan, the area administrator, must decide whether to forcibly return the girl to her tribe for immediate remarriage or to let her go with her husband. His dilemmas differ from those that the senior officials face, and this divergence is at the root of the failure to control the feud administratively. To comply with orders and pursue a career, public officials, in this case, their personal kindness notwithstanding, adopt strategies that have extreme consequences for citizens. Evil is more banal than we think.
Music listening as emotion regulation: Associations with other emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety
Authors: Morgan Reed M. , Marroquín Brett
Published: December 2023

Music listening, an inherently emotional activity, is commonly used as a form of emotion regulation (ER). Although research suggests that some strategies of listening to music to regulate emotion are linked with psychological well-being and symptoms of affective disorders, the mechanisms underlying these relationships have not been thoroughly explored. The present study examined whether associations between music as ER and symptoms of depression and anxiety were mediated by individuals’ use of other adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. A nationwide online sample of US adults ( n = 146) completed measures assessing their use of music as ER, other adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The results indicated that the overall use of music as ER was not directly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas using music as discharge (venting negative emotions by listening to mood-congruent music) was positively associated with such symptoms. Mediational analyses revealed that adaptive ER mediated the relationship between overall use of music as ER and symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas maladaptive ER mediated the relationships between discharge and symptoms. These findings suggest that people use music as ER alongside their other ER efforts, which in turn are linked with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, although the overall use of music to regulate emotion may be beneficial for well-being via its association with adaptive ER, a more maladaptive pattern when using music for emotional discharge suggests that music plays a more nuanced role in ER and mental health.
Scholastic Journalists Covering Controversy in the COVID-19 Era: A Textual Analysis
Authors: Wilderman Melanie , Nasrin Sohana
Published: December 2023

Through a qualitative textual analysis using written work from 17 high school journalism publications over a six-semester span, this research explores the types of controversy scholastic journalists covered during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The analysis focuses on which controversial topics were covered, differences in coverage as related to school demographics, the genres and styles of writing used to cover the topics, concerns based on journalistic standards, and a summary of quality student journalism work. Framed within the context of the importance of exploring controversial issues and normative journalism roles in a functioning democracy, recommendations relevant to journalism education concerning students’ reporting on controversy follow analysis.
Life on the Margins
Authors: Lewis-Hunstiger Marty
Published: December 2023

This editorial reviews the events of Creative Nursing's 2023 publication year, importantly our transition to Sage Publishing, and the expanded opportunities this new relationship provides in 2024 and beyond. The 11 articles in this theme issue about marginalization are summarized and connected.
Couple-stress effects in a thin film bonded to a half-space
Authors: Güler MA , Alinia Y , Radi E
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the contact mechanics of a thin film laying on an elastic substrate within the context of couple-stress elasticity. It aims to introduce the effects of material internal length scale, which has proven an effective way of modeling structures at micro- to nano-scales, allowing to capture their size-dependent behavior. Specifically, stress analysis for a thin film bonded to a couple-stress elastic half-space is considered under plane strain loading conditions by assuming that both shear stress and couple tractions are exchanged between the thin film and the substrate. The problem is converted to a singular integral equation, which is solved by expanding the shear stress tractions as a Chebyshev series. The results show that the introduction of couple tractions decreases the shear stress tractions and the axial load in the thin film. When the characteristic length is sufficiently small, but still finite, the results for classical elastic behavior are approached.
When Post Hoc Explanation Knocks: Consumer Responses to Explainable AI Recommendations
Authors: Chen Changdong , Tian Allen Ding , Jiang Ruochen
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) recommendations are becoming increasingly prevalent, but consumers are often reluctant to trust them, in part due to the “black-box” nature of algorithm-facilitated recommendation agents. Despite the acknowledgment of the vital role of interpretability in consumer trust in AI recommendations, it remains unclear how to effectively increase interpretability perceptions and consequently enhance positive consumer responses. The current research addresses this issue by investigating the effects of the presence and type of post hoc explanations in boosting positive consumer responses to AI recommendations in different decision-making domains. Across four studies, the authors demonstrate that the presence of post hoc explanations increases interpretability perceptions, which in turn fosters positive consumer responses (e.g., trust, purchase intention, and click-through) to AI recommendations. Moreover, they show that the facilitating effect of post hoc explanations is stronger in the utilitarian (vs. hedonic) decision-making domain. Further, explanation type modulates the effectiveness of post hoc explanations such that attribute-based explanations are more effective in enhancing trust in the utilitarian decision-making domain, whereas user-based explanations are more effective in the hedonic decision-making domain.
Listening Beyond the Human: The Autonomous Recording Unit and the Ethics of Sound in Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Vallee Mickey
Published: December 2023

Sound technologies and sound sensor networks play a crucial role in our understanding of biodiversity loss in conservation biology and the environmental sciences. Among these technologies, the autonomous recording unit (ARU) has been widely used for studying longitudinal biodiversity loss. This article draws on fieldwork conducted in 2016 and 2017 at a bioacoustics research laboratory to explore the significance of the ARU, developed by Wildlife Acoustics, as the central component of the research network for biodiversity conservation. While it is commonly acknowledged in Science and Technology Studies (STS) that research instruments are not neutral data collectors, this article examines how the ARU is deployed and programmed, and how it transcends the limitations of human-centered listening by (a) shifting the focus away from the perceiving human subject and (b) promoting a global ethic of response and responsibility as sound becomes more democratized in scientific practices.
Identifying and prioritizing the key performance indicators for hospital management dashboard at a national level: Viewpoint of hospital managers
Authors: Nabovati Ehsan , Farrahi Razieh , Sadeqi Jabali Monireh , Khajouei Reza , Abbasi Reza
Published: December 2023

Participation of main users in identifying key performance indicators (KPIs) for management dashboards contributes to their success. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the KPIs of hospital management dashboards from the viewpoint of hospital managers. This study was conducted on managers of public hospitals at a national level in Iran in 2020. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. The KPIs were classified into five categories, namely financial, operational, human resources, safety and quality of care, services provided to patients. A total of 234 hospital managers participated in this study. Totally, 25 KPIs were determined for the hospital management dashboard, including the patient falls rate, waiting time for patients in the emergency department, patient satisfaction, total hospital revenue, financial balance, bed occupancy rate, patients’ discharge with own agreement, average length of stay, and personnel satisfaction. For designing hospital management dashboards, the domains of services provided to patients, safety and quality of care, financial resources, human resources, and operational are important from the hospital managers’ viewpoint, respectively. The results of this study can be helpful for developers of business intelligence tools, such as hospital management dashboards, to visualize the most important indicators for managers.
A joint normal-binary (probit) model for high-dimensional longitudinal data
Authors: Delporte Margaux , Fieuws Steffen , Molenberghs Geert , Verbeke Geert , De Coninck David , Hoorens Vera
Published: December 2023

In many biomedical studies multiple responses are collected over time, which results in highdimensional longitudinal data. It is often of interest to model the continuous and binary responses jointly, which can be done with joint generalized mixed models in which the association is modelled through random effects. Investigating the association between the responses is often limited to scrutinizing the correlations between the latent random effects. In this article, this approach is extended by deriving closed-form formulas for the manifest correlations (and corresponding standard errors), which reflects the correlation between the observed responses as observed. In addition, the marginal joint model is constructed, from which predictions of subvectors of one response conditional on subvectors of other response(s) and potentially a subvector of the history of the response can be derived. Corresponding prediction and confidence intervals are constructed. Two case studies are discussed, in which further pseudo-likelihood methodology is applied to reduce the computational complexity.
A Bayesian network-based tool for crisis classification in piracy or armed robbery incidents on passenger ships
Authors: Ventikos Nikolaos P. , Koimtzoglou Alexandros , Michelis Alexandros , Stouraiti Angeliki , Kopsacheilis Ioannis , Podimatas Vassilis
Published: December 2023

Piracy and armed robbery continue to pose significant security threats to the shipping industry. This paper presents a real-time threat assessment and crisis classification tool for piracy or armed robbery incidents. The tool is part of a crisis classification module that addresses various categories of security threats. This module is currently being developed as part of the EU-funded research project ISOLA, which aims to introduce an intelligent security superintendence ecosystem. The ecosystem is designed to complement the existing ship security processes and measures applied onboard passenger ships. The tool operates by providing real-time threat classification and subsequent warnings by analysing data collected from the ship’s legacy systems and installed sensors with the utilisation of Bayesian probabilistic techniques, particularly Bayesian Networks. The BN model developed for this purpose is thoroughly examined, and its validation is presented through indicative case studies involving piracy and armed robbery. The main objective is to improve situational awareness, enhance vigilance and early threat detection, and support the decision-making process for the Master and crew, especially under time-sensitive circumstances and stressful conditions.
Annular Closure Device Reduces Symptomatic Reherniation Rates: Results of a Meta-analysis
Authors: Dalal Sidhant , Araghi Kasra , Mai Eric , Maayan Omri , Shafi Karim , Shahi Pratyush , Shinn Daniel , Song Junho , Gang Catherine Himo , Iyer Sravisht , Qureshi Sheeraz
Published: December 2023

Background: The scope of existing annular closure device (ACD) studies examining long-term follow-up data is limited. There is a paucity of studies that report and analyze recent outcomes data following ACD use. Purpose: We sought to summarize the available long-term follow-up data on postoperative outcomes of the Barricaid (Intrinsic Therapeutics) ACD. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed, Cochrane, and OVID databases were searched to identify studies after 2015 that include direct evaluation of an ACD in a clinical context with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up and inclusion of reherniation and complication rates, while excluding case reports, reviews, and meta-analyses. Outcome measures included patient demographics, study characteristics, surgical technique, defect measurement technique, perioperative statistics, radiographic assessments, complications, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and postoperative outcomes. Results: Five studies—2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 2 retrospective studies, and 1 prospective cohort study—were included. Symptomatic reherniation rates in the ACD populations ranged from 3% to 18.8%. Two studies found that control groups herniate significantly more than their ACD counterparts (ACD 18.8% vs non-ACD 31.6% and ACD 3.33% vs non-ACD 20.0%). No significant differences were found in reoperation rates. Of the 4 studies that reported PROMs data, all observed relative improvement in each cohort, although pooled analysis did not find significant differences between ACD and non-ACD groups for Oswestry Disability Index and visual analogue scale–leg pain at 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: For patients undergoing diskectomy for lumbar disk herniation, the Barricaid device is effective in reducing symptomatic reherniation but does not appear to alter postoperative PROMs or reoperation rates. Surgeons must consider that device-related complications can occur.
The Synergy of Mediation and Lifestyle Medication: A New Horizon in Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Nguyen Joshua Toan , Srivastava Sneha Baxi
Published: December 2023

Mental health conditions range from mood disturbances like depression and bipolar disorder to anxiety and psychotic disorders, eating disorders, and ADHD. Treatment plans traditionally involve pharmaceutical interventions. However, the emerging concept of lifestyle medicine can be an additive strategy for mental health management. The primary aim of this article is to dive into the use of medication in treating different mental health disorders and also highlight lifestyle changes, such as dietary adjustments and physical activity, as a means to enhance mental well-being, mitigate medication side effects, and address comorbid side effects like diabetes and obesity. The comprehensive approach of lifestyle medicine is presented as a promising complementary option, aiming for better symptom control and improved quality of life alongside medication in managing complex mental health conditions.
Digital marketing as digital methods: Repurposing Google Ads for controversy mapping
Authors: Coromina Òscar , Tsinovoi Alexei , Munk Anders Kristian
Published: December 2023

Digital advertising is central to the business models and technological affordances of digital platforms, creating marketplaces for user attention. Despite the keen theoretical attention to the commodification of audiences in critical new media and data studies, there has been little exploration of how digital marketing can also be understood as a methodological lens to study both controversies and the practices involved in the commodification of attention around the issues that animate such controversies. Addressing this gap in knowledge by drawing on the digital methods approach, this article proposes repurposing the tools, data and practices of digital marketing – what we coin digital marketing epistemology – as new methodological points of observation in controversy mapping. Focusing empirically on Google Ads, we scrutinize the building blocks of advertising campaigns on the platform and their metrics and measurements. We then offer a set of methodological ‘recipes’ for repurposing the Google Ads platform for controversy mapping and illustrate through a series of data sprints how this can contribute not only to a better understanding of the measurement and valuation practices that are involved in converting attention into a tradable asset but also the role these practices play in the unfolding of techno-social controversies.
Combining observed linear basin amplification factors with 1D nonlinear site-response analyses to predict site response for strong ground motions: Application to Wellington, New Zealand
Authors: de la Torre Christopher A , Bradley Brendon A , Kuncar Felipe , Lee Robin L , Wotherspoon Liam M , Kaiser Anna E
Published: December 2023

This study develops a method for estimating site amplification that combines instrumentally observed site-specific amplification factors with adjustment factors from nonlinear site-response analyses. This approach provides estimates of site response for large-strain motions based on observations and sophisticated nonlinear modeling. A database of weak-to-moderate intensity ground motions recorded in three basins of Wellington, New Zealand is used to study the observed site amplification. A subset of nine strong-motion stations was selected to perform nonlinear site-response analyses with scaled strong ground motions to assess the influence of nonlinearity on site amplification factors and demonstrate the approach. Different shear-wave velocity ( VS) profiles, constitutive models, and modeling approaches (e.g. one-dimensional (1D) site-response analyses vs empirical [Formula: see text]-based approaches) are used to quantify the sensitivity and modeling uncertainty in the nonlinear site-response analyses. It was found that for soft sites subjected to strong ground motions, there may be a decrease in spectral acceleration amplification factors for periods up to approximately 2 s, relative to the expected linear site response. For longer periods, there is little to no amplification from the effects of soil nonlinearity. However, at stiffer sites, which generally experience less basin amplification in observations, there may be moderate amplification at longer periods when nonlinearity is considered due to softening of the soil profile. Empirical ground-motion models were found to under-represent the observed amplification between basin sites and the nearby reference site, especially at intermediate to long periods, corresponding to resonant frequencies of these basin sites. In addition, the empirical nonlinear site amplification models ([Formula: see text]-based) were found to deviate from nonlinear analyses at large strains, where such models are poorly constrained due to such a limited number of observations.
Preventing relapse after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric ALL: the role of transplant and enhanced CAR T cells
Authors: Talleur Aimee C. , Naik Swati , Gottschalk Stephen
Published: December 2023

CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become an integral part of our treatment armamentarium for pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, despite initial remission rates of greater than 80%, durable remission occurs in only 40% to 50% of patients. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of the role of consolidative hematopoietic cell transplantation in the management of pediatric patients who achieved a minimal residual disease-negative complete response post CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. In addition, we review approaches to enhance effector function CD19 CAR T cells, focusing on how to improve persistence and prevent the emergence of CD19− B-ALL blasts.
The future paradigm of HMA + VEN or targeted inhibitor approaches: sequencing or triplet combinations in AML therapy
Authors: Venugopal Sangeetha , Watts Justin
Published: December 2023

The routine use of next-generation sequencing methods has underscored the genetic and clonal heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), subsequently ushering in an era of precision medicine–based targeted therapies exemplified by the small-molecule inhibitors of FLT3, IDH1/IDH2, and BCL2. This advent of targeted drugs in AML has broadened the spectrum of antileukemic therapies, and the approval of venetoclax in combination with a hypomethylating agent has been a welcome addition to our AML patients unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy. Mounting evidence demonstrates that molecularly targeted agents combined with epigenetic therapies exhibit synergistic augmented leukemic cell kill compared to single-agent therapy. With such great power comes greater responsibility in determining the appropriate frontline AML treatment regimen in a molecularly defined subset and identifying safe and effective combination therapies with different mechanisms of action to outmaneuver primary and secondary resistance mechanisms in AML.
Management of aggressive lymphoma after CAR T-cell therapy failure
Authors: Nastoupil Loretta J. , Kambhampati Swetha
Published: December 2023

Several recent advances have affected the treatment landscape of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the management of chemorefractory disease. Two randomized studies in early relapse disease have expanded the label to provide access to CAR T-cell therapy as early as second line for some patients. Despite the durable remissions that have been achieved, many patients will experience relapse. There is a growing population of patients previously treated with CAR T-cell therapy facing dismal outcomes. We review the prospective studies that inform treatment options in later lines and highlight the limited data examining outcomes with novel therapies after CAR T-cell failure. The treatment landscape is anticipated to continue to evolve with the emergence of bispecific antibodies that appear to be a promising approach, particularly after CAR T-cell therapy, although little is known about overlapping mechanisms of resistance. Enrichment for patients who have received prior CAR T-cell therapy on prospective trials is a critical unmet need to inform the preferred management for these high-risk patients.
Cytoreduction for ET and PV: who, what, when, and how?
Authors: Tremblay Douglas
Published: December 2023

Thrombotic complications are the primary contributor to morbidity and mortality in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). Cytoreductive therapy is the main tool for primary or tertiary thrombosis prevention in these diseases. In general, high-thrombotic-risk patients and those with symptoms that may be ameliorated from cytoreductive therapy are candidates for this treatment, although the decision is highly individualized. Approved options for cytoreduction in ET and PV include hydroxyurea, long-acting interferons, anagrelide in ET, and ruxolitinib in PV. Selecting the ideal agent requires careful consideration of the toxicity profiles and individual treatment goals. In this review the existing literature on cytoreductive decisions in ET and PV is summarized, with an emphasis on risk-stratification, highlighting the need for personalized care in order to maximize the benefit of these therapies while minimizing toxicities.
Novel immunotherapies in the treatment of AML: is there hope?
Authors: Subklewe Marion , Bücklein Veit , Sallman David , Daver Naval
Published: December 2023

The success of allogeneic stem cell transplantation has demonstrated the potential for immunotherapy to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although alternative T-cell-based immunotherapies have shown efficacy, they also pose the risk of on-target off-leukemia hematotoxicity. So far, adoptive autologous or allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T/natural killer cell therapy is almost exclusively employed as a bridge-to-transplant strategy in the context of clinical trials. For now, clinical trials predominantly target lineage-restricted antigens, but emerging approaches focus on leukemia-associated/specific intracellular target antigens, including dual and split targeting strategies. Adapter CAR T cells and T-cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies offer transient exposure with enhanced safety and multitargeting potential against antigen-escape variants. However, these have yet to demonstrate sustained responses and should be used earlier to treat low leukemia burden, preferably if measurable residual disease is present. To address immune dysregulation and enhance T-cell fitness, novel CAR T and bispecific designs, along with combinatorial strategies, might prove essential. Furthermore, genetic associations with inflammatory bone marrow signatures suggest the need for tailored platforms in defined AML subtypes. The eagerly anticipated results of trials investigating magrolimab, an anti-CD47 antibody targeting the “do not eat me” signal in p53-mutated AML, should shed further light on the potential of these evolving immunotherapeutic approaches.
How old is too old? Frailty and geriatric assessments of older patients undergoing allogeneic HCT
Authors: Jayani Reena V.
Published: December 2023

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative-intent treatment for many hematologic malignancies but carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. An increasing number of older adults are receiving HCT, but current pretransplant evaluations overlook the unique vulnerabilities that older adults face. Oncology-specific geriatric and frailty assessments provide a comprehensive evaluation of older adults, help better weigh the risks of HCT with patients, and guide personalized optimization strategies to minimize vulnerabilities. Geriatric assessments evaluate seven domains: comorbidities, physical function, mental health, cognition, nutrition, medications, and social support. Frailty indices provide unique evaluations into a patient's overall status. Various standardized measures have been used to evaluate these areas in older adults prior to HCT. Different care models exist for the integration of geriatrics and geriatric principles into HCT evaluation: a multidisciplinary consultative clinic, a geriatrician alongside the HCT clinic, or a primary geriatric hematologist/transplant physician. Future studies are needed to investigate the use of geriatric assessments in selecting the conditioning regimen and intensity and measuring the impact of geriatric assessment–driven interventions on quality of life and toxicities post transplant.
Approaches to optimize outcomes in transplant recipients
Authors: Mishra Asmita
Published: December 2023

Curative therapy with an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) can now be offered to a wider patient population due to improvements in donor selection, transplant conditioning regimens, and supportive care measures. However, risk of transplant-related morbidity and mortality remains, and thus appropriate transplant candidate workup pre-HCT for risk stratification and a management plan after HCT is crucial for success of the procedure. These include understanding and identifying risk of underlying malignant disease relapse, graft-versus-host disease, and infectious complications a patient may be predisposed toward, irrespective of allogeneic donor type. Progress in these domains with new therapeutic paradigms allows for development of a treatment plan prior to HCT to mitigate these potential risks tailored to the patient's case. Herein, we present case studies to focus on factors that influence decision-making in HCT and the approaches and strategies used to optimize post-HCT outcomes based on the individual HCT recipient's clinical scenario to improve on these high-risk scenarios.
Inflamed—HLH, MAS, or something else?
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Cournoyer Eily , Naymagon Leonard
Published: December 2023

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of excessive and maladaptive inflammation. Primary HLH is most frequently encountered in young children, and, without timely recognition and therapy, can lead to multiorgan failure and death. It is most often diagnosed using the HLH-2004 criteria and by identifying pathological mutations. However, the HLH-2004 criteria are not specific for HLH, and patients can easily fulfill these diagnostic criteria in other proinflammatory states in which HLH-therapy would not be indicated, including hematologic malignancies, infections, and rheumatologic disease. Therefore, great care must be taken to ensure that the specific disease associated with features of HLH is accurately recognized, as consequences of improper treatment can be catastrophic. We propose a diagnostic pathway for patients for whom HLH is on the differential (visual abstract). Importantly, in situations in which the initial diagnostic workup is equivocal or unrevealing, reevaluation for occult malignancy, infection, or rheumatologic disease would be prudent, as occult presentations may be missed on primary evaluation. Temporizing medications can be used in critically ill patients while awaiting secondary evaluation. By using this framework, clinicians will be able to more reliably discern primary HLH from other pro-inflammatory states and thus provide timely, appropriate disease-specific therapy.
Pyruvate kinase activators: targeting red cell metabolism in thalassemia
Authors: Kuo Kevin H.M.
Published: December 2023

Thalassemia is an inherited red blood cell disorder whereby the qualitative and/or quantitative imbalance in α- to β-globin ratio results in hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Oxidative stress, from the precipitated excess globin and free iron, is a major factor that drives hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Pyruvate kinase activity and adenosine triphosphate availability are reduced due to the overwhelmed cellular antioxidant system from the excessive oxidative stress. Mitapivat, a pyruvate kinase activator in development as a treatment for thalassemia, was shown to increase hemoglobin and reduce hemolysis in a small phase 2 single-arm trial of patients with α- and β-thalassemia. The ongoing phase 3 studies with mitapivat and the phase 2 study with etavopivat will examine the role of pyruvate kinase activators as disease modifying agents in thalassemia.