bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow spin dynamics of cluster spin-glass spinel Zn(Fe

1−x

Ru
x
)2O4: role of Jahn–Teller active spin-1/2 Cu2+ ions at B-sites
Authors: Jena Suchit Kumar , Sarkar Tapati , RoyChowdhury Mouli , Weise Bruno , Qi Yajun , Thota Subhash
Published: July 2022

We report the slow spin dynamics of cluster spin-glass (SG) spinel Zn(Fe

1
−
x

Ru
x
)2O4 by means of detailed

d
c

-magnetization and

a
c

-susceptibility studies combined with the heat capacity analysis. Two specific compositions (x = 0.5, 0.75) have been investigated in detail along with the substitution of Jahn–Teller (JT) active spin-1/2 Cu2+ ions at B-sites. Measurements based on the frequency and temperature dependence of

a
c

-susceptibility (

χ

a
c

(
f
,
T
)

) and the subsequent analysis using the empirical scaling laws such as: (a) Vogel–Fulcher law and (b) Power law reveal the presence of cluster SG state below the characteristic freezing temperature

T

S
G

(17.77 K (x = 0.5) and 14 K (x = 0.75)). Relaxation dynamics of both the compositions follow the non-mean field de Almeida–Thouless (AT)-line approach

(

T

S
G

(
H
)
=

T

S
G

(
0
)
(
1
−
A

H

2

/

ϕ

)
)

, with an ideal value of φ = 3. Nevertheless, the analysis of temperature dependent high field

d
c

-susceptibility,

χ

h
f

(

2
kOe
 
⩽
 

H

DC

 
⩽
 
20
kOe

, T) provides evidence for Gabay–Toulouse type mixed-phase (coexistence of SG and ferrimagnetic (FiM)) behaviour. Further, in the case of Cu0.2Zn0.8FeRuO4 system, slowly fluctuating magnetic clusters persist even above the short-range FiM ordering temperature (

T

F
i
M

) and their volume fraction vanishes completely across ∼6

T

F
i
M

. This particular feature of the dynamics has been very well supported by the time decay of the thermoremanent magnetization and heat-capacity studies. We employed the high temperature series expansion technique to determine the symmetric exchange coupling (

J

S

) between the spins which yields

J

S

=
−
3.02
×

10

−
5

 eV for Cu0.2Zn0.8FeRuO4 representing the dominant intra-sublattice ferromagnetic interactions due to the dilute incorporation of the JT active Cu2+ ions. However, the antiferromagnetic coupling is predominant in ZnFeRuO4 and Cu0.2Zn0.8Fe0.5Ru1.5O4 systems. Finally, we deduced the magnetic phase diagram in the

H

D
C

−
T

plane using the characteristic parameters obtained from the field variations of both

a
c

- and

d
c

-magnetization measurements.
Control of spoke movement in DCMS plasmas
Authors: George M , Breilmann W , Held J , von Keudell A
Published: July 2022

Spokes appear as zones of increased ionisation in magnetron sputtering discharges. They rotate in front of a 2″ target at a natural frequency between a few 10 kHz and several 100 kHz and move in

E

→

×

B

→

or anti

E

→

×

B

→

direction depending on plasma power. Spokes are known to cause strong gradients in plasma density and potential and can, thus, increase the ion transport from target to substrate. Here, we explore the possibility to control spokes by applying a given frequency f to a set of control probes around the plasma to lock the spoke movement. The efficiency of this locking is analyzed by diagnostic probes and energy resolved mass spectrometry, which measure the integrated ion fluxes leaving the magnetic trap region. It was found that the spoke movement could be locked to the external control signal at frequency f around the natural spoke frequencies f
0. The additional control signal affects the ion flux twofold: (i) a 15% increase in ion flux towards the substrate and a 15% reduction in radial direction irrespective of control frequency is observed, which is explained by a change in plasma confinement since electric fluctuations at the separatrix are induced; (ii) the locking at f causes an increase in ion current in normal as well as in radial direction for f < f
0 and a reduction for f > f
0. This is explained by either longer or shorter residence times of ions in the electric fields caused by the spoke, or by an enhancement of these fields caused by the control. Using this spoke controlling technique an overall increase of ion flux towards the substrate of up to 30% was realized.
A thermal tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber based on strontium titanate
Authors: Hou Xin Fu , Li Yao Yao , Wu Xiao Jing , He Guang Yu , Wang Ming Wei
Published: July 2022

At present, the development of metamaterials is abundant. Scientists have developed plenty of metamaterials to meet the rich needs in medicine, military and so on. A temperature sensitive dual-band absorber made of strontium titanate(SrTiO3, STO) with stacked structure is designed, and the absorbance of double modes in the range of 0–0.25 THz exceeds 99%. The absorber is insensitive to polarization and could maintain good absorption efficiency at large angle incidence. As the temperature changes from 200 K to 400 K, the resonant frequency changes significantly, and the modulation depth exceeds 40%. The proposed thermal tunable absorber can be used in radiative heat measurement, biomedical and chemical sensing, photoelectric detection and other fields. It also can be used to make thermal tunable sensors, light modulators, Terahertz absorbers and other novel devices.
Study of lead-free vacancy ordered double perovskites Cs2TeX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for solar cells, and renewable energy
Authors: Albalawi Hind , Nazir Ghazanfar , Younas Muhammad , Al-Qaisi Samah , Ashiq M G B , Alzahrani Jameelah , Somaily H H , Morsi Manal , Ghrib T
Published: July 2022

Herein, the electronic, optical, mechanical, and transport properties of a double perovskites Cs2TeX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) are explored with the focus on solar cell and thermoelectric applications by the density functional theory (DFT). The feasibility of structural, thermodynamic, and elastic stabilities is arbitrated by a tolerance factor, formation energy, and elastic constant, respectively. Further, the Poisson and Pugh’s ratio display the ductile behavior of studied compounds. From the electronic properties analysis, it is revealed that the bandgap decreases by changing Cl with Br, and I from 2.67 eV to 2.52 eV and 1.73 eV, respectively which in results tune the optical properties from visible to infrared region. The shifting of maximum absorption from visible to infrared region makes them promising materials for solar cell and remote sensing devices. Moreover, various optical parameters including refractive index, reflectivity, and optical loss were also reported. Additionally, the transport characteristics were analyzed by electrical, thermal conductivities, and figure of merit (ZT) versus temperature and chemical potential effect. The ZT increases from Cl to I substitution. At the end, the thermodynamic behavior studied by specific heat capacity, Debye temperature and Hall coefficient was presented. All these characteristics have demonstrated that our studied materials are excellent choice for probing solar cell and renewable energy applications.
Skewing the CMB×LSS: a fast method for bispectrum analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Priyesh , Chen Shu-Fan , Dvorkin Cora
Published: July 2022

Upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing measurements and tomographic galaxy surveys are expected to provide us with high-precision data sets in the coming years, thus paving the way for fruitful cross-correlation analyses. In this paper we study the information content of the weighted skew-spectrum, a nearly-optimal estimator of the angular bispectrum amplitude, as a means to extract non-Gaussian information on both bias and cosmological parameters from the bispectra of galaxies cross-correlated with CMB lensing, while gaining significantly on speed.
Our results show that for the combination of the Planck satellite and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), the difference in the constraints on bias and cosmological parameters from the skew-spectrum and the bispectrum is at most 17%.
We further compare and find agreement between our theoretical skew-spectra and those estimated from N-body simulations, for which it is important to include gravitational non-linearities beyond perturbation theory and the post-Born effect for CMB lensing. We define an algorithm to apply the skew-spectrum estimator to the data and, as a preliminary step, we use the skew-spectra to constrain bias parameters and the amplitude of shot noise from the simulations through a Markov chain Monte Carlo likelihood analysis, finding that it may be possible to reach percent-level estimates for the linear bias parameter b
1.
Probing top-quark operators with precision electroweak measurements*
Authors: Liu Yiming , Wang Yuhao , Zhang Cen , Zhang Lei , Gu Jiayin
Published: July 2022

In the standard model effective field theory, operators involving the top quark are generally difficult to probe and can generate sizable loop contributions to electroweak precision observables measured by past and future lepton colliders. Could the high precision of electroweak measurements compensate for loop suppression and provide competitive reaches on these operators? Would the inclusion of these contributions introduce too many additional parameters for a meaningful global electroweak analysis to be performed? In this paper, we perform a detailed phenomenological study to address these two important questions. Focusing on eight dimension-6 operators that generate anomalous couplings between electroweak gauge bosons and third-generation quarks, we calculate their one loop contributions to

processes, both on and off the Z-pole, and the

process. A global analysis is performed with these eight operators and those that contribute to the above processes at tree level using measurements at the LEP, SLC, and several low energy experiments. We find that although current electroweak precision measurements are sensitive to the one-loop effects of top-quark operators, it is difficult to separate them from the operators that contribute at tree level, making a global analysis rather challenging. Under further assumptions (for instance, new physics contributes to only third generation quark operators and the S and T parameters), competitive reaches may be obtained in a global fit. Another important finding of our study is that the two operators that generate the dipole interactions of the bottom quark have a significant impact on the Z-pole measurements and should not be omitted. We also discuss the implications of the recently reported W-boson mass measurement at the CDF for our results. Finally, we estimate the reaches of future lepton colliders in probing top-quark operators with precision electroweak measurements.
Multi-scale Analysis of the Relationships between Solar Activity, CO2 and Global Surface Temperature
Authors: Li Zhen , Chang Lijun , Lou Jiahui , Shen Yi , Yan Haoming
Published: July 2022

To reveal whether the dynamics of solar activity precede those of global temperature, especially in terms of global warming, the relationship between total solar irradiance (TSI), which is treated as a proxy of solar activity, and global surface temperature (GST) is investigated in the frequency domain using wavelet coherence. The results suggest that the effect of TSI on GST is mainly reflected on the characteristic scale around 22 yr, and variations in TSI lead to changes in GST with some delay effect as shown by the phase difference arrows. However, this implicated relationship has been perturbed by excessive CO2 emissions since 1960. Through the combination of co-integration analysis and wavelet coherence, the hidden relationship between TSI and GST has been uncovered without the CO2 effect and the results further indicate that TSI has a positive effect on GST at the characteristic scale around 22 yr with a 3 yr lead.
A Search Technique Based on Deep Learning for Fast Radio Bursts and Initial Results for FRB 20201124A with the NSRT
Authors: Liu Yan-Ling , Li Jian , Liu Zhi-Yong , Chen Mao-Zheng , Yuan Jian-Ping , Wang Na , Yuen Rai , Yan Hao
Published: July 2022

The origin and phenomenology of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) remain unknown. Fast and efficient search technology for FRBs is critical for triggering immediate multi-wavelength follow-up and voltage data dump. This paper proposes a dispersed dynamic spectra search (DDSS) pipeline for FRB searching based on deep learning, which performs the search directly from observational raw data, rather than relying on generated FRB candidates from single-pulse search algorithms that are based on de-dispersion. We train our deep learning network model using simulated FRBs as positive and negative samples extracted from the observational data of the Nanshan 26 m radio telescope (NSRT) at Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. The observational data of PSR J1935+1616 are fed into the pipeline to verify the validity and performance of the pipeline. Results of the experiment show that our pipeline can efficiently search single-pulse events with a precision above 99.6%, which satisfies the desired precision for selective voltage data dump. In March 2022, we successfully detected the FRBs emanating from the repeating case of FRB 20201124A with the DDSS pipeline in L-band observations using the NSRT. The DDSS pipeline shows excellent sensitivity in identifying weak single pulses, and its high precision greatly reduces the need for manual review.
Electron mobility anisotropy in (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs two-dimensional electron gases epitaxied on GaAs (001) substrates
Authors: Wei Qiqi , Wang Hailong , Zhao Xupeng , Zhao Jianhua
Published: July 2022

The electron mobility anisotropy in (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs two-dimensional electron gases with different surface morphology has been investigated. Large electron mobility anisotropy is found for the sample with anisotropic morphology, which is mainly induced by the threading dislocations in the InAs layer. For the samples with isotropic morphology, the electron mobility is also anisotropic and could be attributed to the piezoelectric scattering. At low temperature (below transition temperature), the piezoelectric scattering is enhanced with the increase of temperature, leading to the increase of electron mobility anisotropy. At high temperature (above transition temperature), the phonon scattering becomes dominant. Because the phonon scattering is isotropic, the electron mobility anisotropy in all the samples would be reduced. Our results provide useful information for the comprehensive understanding of electron mobility anisotropy in the (Al,Ga)Sb/InAs system.
New insights on divertor parallel flows,E × B drifts, and fluctuations from in situ, two-dimensional probe measurement in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable
Authors: De Oliveira H. , Theiler C. , Février O. , Reimerdes H. , Duval B.P. , Tsui C.K. , Gorno S. , Oliveira D.S. , Perek A. , the TCV Team
Published: July 2022

In situ, two-dimensional (2D) Langmuir probe measurements across a large part of the TCV outer divertor are reported in L-mode discharges with and without divertor baffles. This provides detailed insights into time averaged profiles, particle fluxes, and fluctuation behavior in different divertor regimes. The presence of the baffles is shown to substantially increase the divertor neutral pressure for a given upstream density and to facilitate the access to detachment, an effect that increases with plasma current. The detailed, 2D probe measurements allow for a divertor particle balance, including ion flux contributions from parallel flows and E × B drifts. The poloidal flux contribution from the latter is often comparable or even larger than the former, and the divertor parallel flow direction reverses in some conditions, pointing away from the target. In most conditions, the integrated particle flux at the outer target can be predominantly ascribed to ionization along the outer divertor leg, consistent with a closed-box approximation of the divertor. The exception is a strongly detached divertor, achieved here only with baffles, where the total poloidal ion flux even decreases towards the outer target, indicative of significant plasma recombination. The most striking observation from relative density fluctuation measurements along the outer divertor leg is the transition from poloidally uniform fluctuation levels in attached conditions to fluctuations strongly peaking near the X-point when approaching detachment.
Development of Landsat-8 ARD Products for User Service in Indonesia
Authors: Muchsin F , Ulfa K , Pradono KA , Hendayani  , Dianovita  , Veronica KW
Published: July 2022

Along with the times and technology development, the number of satellite images produced is increasing and diverse, both in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, in the last few years, LAPAN has done a mosaic of Landsat data for 16 days. The availability of extensive satellite data makes users desire data ready to use without initial processing to save time and costs. Furthermore, the medium resolution image has a comprehensive enough coverage for applications in the forestry, agriculture, plantation, and marine sectors. Therefore, the need for medium resolution Analysis Ready Data (ARD) increases. The available ARD data has been through the initial processing, including ToA and BRDF corrections. The existing Landsat-8 ARD does not cover Indonesian territory. The Landsat-8 ARD for the Indonesian region was first produced and introduced in this paper. Moreover, the development of ARD data quality is carried out by adding a topographic correction process, and image cropping become tiles with a size of 1-degree x 1-degree, which can be run automatically. This processing system produces ARD Landsat-8 to meet user requirements effectively and efficiently. These advantages are obtained because the pre-processing data load for the user has been reduced, and the user can immediately use the data according to the required scope. The software for making ARD Landsat-8 has been recognized as Intellectual Property Rights. Moreover, ARD Landsat-8 for Indonesian territory has been continuously utilized by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture.
Tectonic Setting of Mount Agung, Bali: Insight From Petrology and Geochemistry Analysis
Authors: Syafitri A , Sucipta I G B E , Arifa A N , Saepuloh A , Widiyantoro S
Published: July 2022

One of the longest arcs in the world originated from the complexity of subduction zones is the Sunda Arc that covers 80% of Indonesia's active volcanoes, from the Andaman, Sumatra, Java, and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Previous research in magmatism in Sunda Arc has conceded that the continental crust is in the west and becomes progressively oceanic towards the east. However, recent research has suggested that continental basement is more widespread than previously thought. Therefore, this study aims to re-evaluate the tectonic setting of Mount Agung, Bali, part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Based on the results of published geochemistry data analysis and our petrological and/or mineralogical data, we found that Mount Agung was influenced by three cogenetic magmas and can be divided into 4 eruption periods, i.e., pre- 3200±60 BP, 3200±60 – 1870±40 BP, 1870±40 – 1040±50 BP, and post-1040±50 BP. These calc-alkaline magmas were derived from partial melting caused by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate within the Eurasian Plate. It produced basalt to dacite rocks with SiO2 varying between 51 and 63 wt%. As seen from the spider diagram, Rb, Ba, Th, K, and La – Sm contents are enriched, while Eu – Lu experienced depletion. In addition, the Nb content shows a negative anomaly, which is a characteristic of volcanic products from convergent plate boundaries. Based on the ratio of Zr to Zr/Y, it introduces that Mount Agung is affected by continental arcs. La/Sm to Th/Nb diagram reveals that in the older period (pre-1040±50 BP), the magma differentiation process is subduction-related enrichment, while in the younger period (post-1040±50 BP), there may be a slight influence from the presence of crustal contamination. Thus, these analyses presume that Bali Island has a continental basement (micro-continent basement), which may become the eastern end boundary of Sundaland.
Understanding the Oceanography Condition in Java Sea using Hydrodynamic Simulation for Patimban Port Development
Authors: Isnaeni Kholillah Y. , Diastomo Hanif , Nusantara Candidad A. D. S. , Windupranata Wiwin
Published: July 2022

This study's purpose is to gain knowledge and information on the hydrodynamic condition in the Java Sea, North Subang Region. The data was compiled from ECMWF for wind data and TMD for tide constituent data as a hydrodynamic model generator and the field data taken from a field survey in 2020 and 4 tide station BIG (Jakarta (3) and Cirebon (1)). The software developed by Deltares (DELFT3D) was used for hydrodynamic simulation to simulate hydrodynamic conditions (water level and current). A structured rectangular grid was used to construct domain boundary model on the north coast of West Java Province. The bathymetry data from BATNAS (BIG) has been processed to produce a 100 m resolution to accommodate the high-resolution bathymetry data in the coastal areas, especially in Patimban Port. The result shows the water level fluctuation and current movement on the north coast of the West Java Sea during 2020. The model verification shows that the tidal phase already has a similar pattern, especially on the western side of the West Java Sea. RMSE values for stations in Jakarta Sea are 0.2, 0.04, 0.21, and 0.39 with coefficient correlation are 0.94, 0.91, 0.93, and 0.69 for Pondok Dayung, Sunda Kelapa, Kolinamil, and Cirebon respectively. The monsoon seasonal phenomena affected the current condition in the study area. However, the tidal model amplitude needs to be tuned in, so that it can fit with the field data. The study of the hydrodynamic condition is necessary for Patimban Port development which is currently under construction.
Optimizing Image Scale and Resolution to Obtain Lineament Related Structures using ALOS PALSAR Dual Orbit Data
Authors: Akrom Fadhil Muhammad , Saepuloh Asep
Published: July 2022

Geological structures identification using conventional optical remote sensing encountered some problems due to atmospheric and surface conditions. Therefore, we exploited the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in Ascending and Descending orbits to characterize lineaments related to geological structures. We have analyzed two images from the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). The adjustment of their resolution in the multilooking process was applied to obtain the best understanding between detected lineament and reference fault. The cross-polarized data of ALOS PALSAR level SLC were multilooked with variation of resolution from 15 to 120 m. Obtaining the optimum detected lineament-related faults, which applied the Yamaguchi criterion to extract the lineament visually in the multilooked images. The Kamojang-Guntur Geothermal Fields in West Java were selected as a study area because there is a challenge to confirm geological structure in the area with high alteration and high weathering conditions. According to the proposed criterion, we have obtained those images with resolution of 75 to 90 from the analysis images can represent surface geological structure conditions, and the correlation with existing published geological map. The field verifications have been confirmed that the geological structure indication from images has been proved with the existence of slickenside and morphological conditions such as drainage of rivers, ridges, and valleys. Based on lineaments, stress regimes, and field verifications, it was concluded that Yamaguchi criterion analysis with image resolution 75 to 90 m can describe the presence of regional structures and interpreted structures.
A review study of landslide analysis in Belimbing road, Pejagoan, Kebumen – Central Java, from hydrogeological aspects
Authors: Mareta N , Saputro S P , Winduhutomo S , Lubis R F
Published: July 2022

Landslides have occurred on the Belimbing road, Pejagoan, Kebumen – Central Java which has affected 4 houses. The direction of landslide movement is N10°E, with rotational landslide type. The lithology of the landslide location is river deposits that have not been compacted (alluvium). Morphology is plain with steep bordering the Luk Ulo river. The slope bordering the river is 45 – 60° with a shape influenced by lateral erosion of the Luk Ulo river. The result of the analysis of the direction of groundwater flowing around the landslide location showed that there was one peak with the direction of flow towards the north towards Luk Ulo river. When it rains, the infiltrated rainwater will seep and increase of volume of the groundwater. Increasing volume of groundwater will flow in the direction of the flownets and increase the pressure in the direction of the flow of groundwater. The drainage (consisting of five water channels) is located south of the landslide point, namely channel 1 (T1), channel 2 (T2), channel 3 (T3), channel 4 (T4), and channel 5 (T5). There should be a change in the direction of drainage water flow. Changes in the direction of drainage flow can be attempted by closing T4 and only one discharge point, namely at T2.
The significant meaning of biodegradation to the petroleum system of the Seram Basin, eastern Indonesia: evaluation on the basis of physio-chemical composition variation of Seram oils
Authors: Hartono Barry Majeed , Subroto Eddy Ariyono , Kesumajana Asep Heri Patria , Andrianto Roy , Wahyudiono Joko , Malvinas Galung , Priyanto Bagus
Published: July 2022

It has been widely accepted since the 1980s that Seram crude oils belong to one family that originated from the Triassic carbonate source rock. Even though these oils share similar nature and origin, they exhibit wide physio-chemical composition variations in Seram Basin. Moreover, this variation is also noted within a similar oil field. Hydrocarbon alteration, especially biodegradation, a process of hydrocarbon destruction by microbial activities, has been attributed to this variation. However, the degree and extension of biodegradation in the Seram Basin are still poorly understood. Therefore, crude oils accumulated in main reservoirs, the Pre-Tertiary Manusela Carbonate and the Pliocene Fufa Clastic reservoirs, retrieved from Lofin, Oseil, Nief, and Bula Fields, are comprehensively studied. In addition, several oil seep samples were also utilized for this study together with crude oil geochemistry data compiled from previous publications. The occurrence of biodegradation is also validated with the geological conditions that include resevoir temperatures and salinities. Based on the geochemical signatures, there is a wide range of biodegradation degrees within the Seram Basin with the biodegradation degree tends to increase and more destructive to Bula Field which is situated in the northern part of the basin. The biodegradation pattern is linked to hydrocarbon generation and migration history. The Neogene deformation in eastern Indonesia is interpreted to be responsible for the different biodegradation process within Seram Basin. This process should be well understood and not be neglected during petroleum exploration, especially in eastern Indonesia. This study shows that such simple process has a deep meaning on the petroleum system history, especially the hydrocarbon preservation in the reservoir.
Factors Affecting Selection of Rice among the Consumer in Shah Alam, Selangor
Authors: Ab Samat N H , Saili A R , Yusop Z , Abdul Fatah F , Aziz A S A
Published: July 2022

The present study was conducted to identify the factors that affect consumers’ rice selection in Shah Alam, Malaysia. A set of structured questionnaires were distributed to 400 respondents in Shah Alam, Selangor through a convenient sampling method. The descriptive method was used to analysed the quantitative data. The findings have identified several factors other than the ones listed in the 4P Theory that can affect the purchasing behaviour for rice among the population. In specific, price, health consciousness, perceived quality (e.g., aroma, taste, cooking duration, and easiness), and informative packaging are the factors identified. The findings also revealed that the price factor is the main factor influencing consumers’ selection of rice which was followed by health consciousness and perceived quality factors, whereas the packaging is the least influencing factor. Moreover, this study has found that the consumers are satisfied with their selection of rice in the market and the marketers must strengthen their marketing strategy to make the consumer stay loyal to their choices. Regarding the marketers, they must strengthen and developed more comprehensive approaches to attract consumers in buying locally produced rice rather than the imported ones.
Performance of dehumidifier drying machine for soybean seeds drying
Authors: Susilo B , Hermanto M B , Damayanti R , Putri E D E
Published: July 2022

The number of soybean consumption in Indonesia has increased every year. However, the amount of domestic production is still insufficient and continues to decline, so imports must be carried out. A strategy used to increase soybean production is by using a good quality of seeds. Drying with low relative humidity can reduce the drying temperature so that the quality of the seeds is maintained. A performance test was conducted by a dehumidifier drying machine with the temperature of 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and oven drying as control at 40°C. Drying was carried out until the moisture content reach 10-11% with every 30 minutes observations. The result showed that the dehumidifier drying machine gave constant air temperature and relative humidity at the drying chamber during the drying period. Duration of drying at the temperature of 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and control was 7 hours; 6 hours; 3 hours; and 7.5 hours respectively. The application of a dehumidifier drying machine can reduce humidity up to 54% so that soybean drying can run faster than oven drying. A germination test could reach 87.96% in dehumidifier drying at 40°C which is higher than the control. This result showed that dehumidifier drying did not cause significant damage to soybean seeds.
Assessment on Different Formulation of EM1 on Soil Microbial Population Planted with Capsicum annuum
Authors: Hasbullah P N A , Sulaiman N S , Nor M N M
Published: July 2022

Microorganism plays an important role in our life as it helps decompose organic matter into simpler substances to create the natural and ecosystem balance cycle. In the agriculture sector, microorganisms are vital for the soil to harmonize soil to become more fertile. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer has made the soil change its biological, chemical, and physical properties and has led to the number one pollution from the agriculture sector to the world. Thus, effective microorganisms use as biofertilizers have gained world attention to practice sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of different formulations of effective microorganisms on microbial populations of chili crops, the experiment was carried out using Complete Randomized Design based on three treatments using different EM and one control using chemical fertilizer with three replications. The control (T0) was AB fertilizer, treatment 2 (T2) was Tapioca EM, treatment 3 (T3) was Rice EM, and treatment 4 (T4) was Bread EM. The chili varieties use Kulai 461 and the EM fertilizer (3ml of different EM + 10ml unchlorinated water) and AB fertilizer (3ml of AB fertilizer + 10ml of unchlorinated water) were applied once a week till week 5. The parameters used in this study were plant height, number of leaves, the diameter of leaves, soil pH, percent of soil organic matter, and microbial population. In this experiment, AB fertilizer (T0) has domain the plant growth development, but it shows the least result for the soil analysis and the microbial population in the soil. On the other hand, using Rice EM fertilizer (T2) shows significantly greater soil analysis and the microbial population is better. The result shows that soil amended with EM fertilizer improves the soil’s microbial population, harmonizes the soil, and creates sustainable agriculture.
Application of Machine Learning to Study Effect of Environmental Manipulation in Frame of Smart Agriculture on the Stomata of Capsicum annuum
Authors: Putra G M D , Sutiarso L , Nugroho A P , Ngadisih  , Chaer M S I
Published: July 2022

Red chili (Capsicum Annuum) is a horticultural crop with high economic value and is one of the commodities contributing to inflation. This study aimed to explore the effect of environment manipulation on the number and the size of the stomata pore of red chili leaves. The study was conducted in screen house size 60 m2. Chili plants 95 days old were cultivated in the polybag and the stomata were measured 60 days after planting. Microclimate condition was recorded using automatic weather equipment. The crop water requirements were calculated using Penman-Monteith based on microclimate data. The stomata of leaves were observed in laboratory using by using a microscope mounted with an Opti-lab 2.2 camera. The Artificial Neural Network was applied to understand the role of microclimate parameters on stomata. The results showed that the average ETc value was 5.06 mm/day. The difference in ETc values occurs due to differences in plant coefficient values and climatic conditions in the study area and the seasons in the region. The largest porous stomata area was found in the afternoon, which is 144.88 µm2. The highest stomatal density the morning and afternoon between 284.94 mm-2-330.541 mm-2. The algorithm multilayer perception test revealed that the light factor was the most significant influence on the stomatal response of 0.463 (100%), followed by the humidity factor of 0.260 (56.1%). Other factors are under 50%.
Stomatal and photosynthetic responses of soybean with two types of mulch under different soil water conditions
Authors: Oue H , Mon M M , Irsyad F , Utami A S , Zaw Y
Published: July 2022

Soybean was planted in clay pots with living mulch of white clover (CL) or shredded paper mulch (SP). Soil moisture in the pots was individually controlled at five levels from around 20% of volumetric soil water content (SWC) to near-saturated, by monitoring SWC every morning and irrigating intermittently. This study focussed on the growth period of the soybean when plant height and LAI reached around maximum. The lower evapotranspiration (ET) and lower stomatal conductance (gs) of the soybean in lower SWC with both SP and CL were caused by water stress. The significantly higher ET but lower gs for CL compared with SP at the same SWC levels revealed that the soybean with CL competed with the clover for water and that the clover extracted water even at the lower SWC. The lowest electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at the lowest SWC level with both SP and CL were regarded as being caused by water stress, under which the thermal dissipation processes could not be activated under strong light with photoinhibition. The lower ETR and the higher NPQ under the low PPFD condition for CL compared with SP could be interpreted as the soybean with CL having both water and nutrient stresses, even under the low PPFD condition, but the soybean with CL activated NPQ to protect PhSII by reaching the maximum NPQ under lower PPFD compared with the soybean with SP. The lower photosynthetic rate (P) of the soybean at the lower SWC level for both SP and CL resulted from the lower gs and ETR caused by water stress. The lower P for CL compared with SP at the same SWC level resulted from the lower gs and ETR and severer photoinhibition despite the activated function of NPQ caused by the water stress and by the nutrient stress.
Effect of Water Saving Irrigation Method on Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Local Rice
Authors: Fahmy K , Yanti D , Permata D A
Published: July 2022

Water-saving irrigation solves the water problem in rice cultivation. Where, the problem of drought due to climatic factors and competition in the use of air between sectors makes the main air requirement for rice plants. The quality of the grain affects the quality of rice as the raw material, while the cultivation technique, climate, and biotic and abiotic inspections affect the quality of the grain. This study aims to determine the physical-chemical characteristics of rice with water-saving irrigation applications. The study used 5 treatments of water availability in the field, namely less than 50% of available water, 50%-60% of available water, 60% -70% of available water, 70% -80% of available water, saturated and ach treatment three replications. Physical properties observed are head rice, broken rice, and groats. Chemical properties analyzed were amylose content, moisture content, ash content, fat content and protein content. Based on the analysis, it is known that the availability of water in the land during the plant growth period affects the chemical properties of the rice of the Bujang Marantau variety and based on the specifications for the quality requirements of rice (SNI 6128: 2015) it is included in the medium quality class 1.
Utilization of pregelatinized sago starch in deep-fried snacks
Authors: Fitriani S , Yusmarini  , Riftyan E , Saputra E , Wulandari E
Published: July 2022

Pregelatinization of sago starch is made through a process involving water and heat to breakdown all or part of the granules and then dried, which will result in pregelatinization of starch. This study aims to determine the best formulation of pregelatinized sago starch and wheat flour on chemical and sensory properties and oil absorption in deep-fried snacks. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with five levels and three replications. The treatment in this study was the ratio of wheat flour and pregelatinized sago starch (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan multiple range test at a level of 5%. The results showed that the ratio of pregelatinized sago starch and wheat flour had a significant effect on all parameters. The best treatment was wheat flour: pregelatinized sago starch = 25:75, with moisture content of 12.70%, protein content of 8.43%, fat content of 27.99%, oil absorption ability of 10.20%, decreased oil 75.87%. Descriptive test showed that the snack model had a brownish yellow color, slightly soft, slightly oily, and hedonically was slightly favoured by panelists. Pregelatinized sago starch can reduce oil absorption in deep-fried snacks.
The Effect of Incubation Time to The Activity of Lipase Produced by Bacillus thuringiensis on Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Dregs
Authors: Murtius W S , Hari P D , Putri I N
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of incubation time to the lipase activity produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) dregs. This research used explorative method with observations carried out over incubation time of 15 hours, 20 hours, 25 hours, 30 hours and 35 hours. The observation were the activity of lipase, lipase characterization and protein value of crude lipase. The result showed that the incubation time had an effect on the lipase activity with value of 2 U / ml (15 hours), 2.16 U / ml (20 hours), 2.33 U / ml (25 hours), 2, 66 U / ml (30 hours) and 2.5 U / ml (35 hours). The result characteristic of lipase showed optimum temperature and pH of 40°C and pH 7, subsequently, protein value of lipase activity were 15 hours 0.504166 mg / ml, 20 hours 0.582083 mg / ml, 25 hours 0.652083 mg / ml, 30 hours 0.703750 mg / ml, and 35 hours 0.5322915 mg / ml. The optimum protein value was reached after 30 hours of incubation.
Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose at Several Variations in Alpha-Cellulose Hydrolysis Time from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Microwave Pre-treatment
Authors: Kasim F , Asben
Published: July 2022

MCC was synthesized from alpha-cellulose from microwave pretreated OPEFB. This study aims to determine the effect of microwave pre-treatment on changes in the cellulose and lignin content of OPEFB fibers and to synthesize MCC from OPEFB alpha-cellulose pretreated with microwaves. The method used in this research is exploration with 4 hydrolysis time treatments (10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes) with 3 replications. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis. From the results of the study obtained differences in the levels of cellulose and lignin of EFB fiber before and after microwave pre-treatment. OPEFB fiber that has been pretreated has a higher cellulose content and lower lignin content than without pre-treatment. The yield and brightness level of the synthesized MCC color were different in each treatment. MCC obtained from the hydrolysis of alpha-cellulose for 10 minutes using 45% H2SO4 had the highest yield of 31.22% and the brightest color. Meanwhile, the lowest MCC yield was found in the hydrolysis treatment of alpha-cellulose for 40 minutes, namely 25.37% with a low brightness level. Furthermore, the color and texture of the MCC obtained from the best treatment was the same as that of the commercial Avicel MCC.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Methanolic Extract of Fimbristylis dichotoma and Fimbristylis miliacea
Authors: Ramli N W , Zain W Z W M , Wahab M Z Ab , Hamid N , Abdullah N A , Zamanhuri N
Published: July 2022

Fimbristylis genus had commonly found as a dominant weed in the rice fields. The sedges have been identified as one of the invasive weed in the world and their undesirable presence disturb the growth of the crop. The presence of secondary metabolites, on the other hand, revealed that this plant is capable of a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, this study focused on the phytochemistry, antioxidant and antifungal properties of 2 weeds in the genus Fimbristylis. The methanol extracts of 2 species; Fimbristylis miliacea and Fimbristylis dichotoma were screened for phytochemical, antioxidant and antifungal activity. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponin, terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extracts have significant antioxidant activity with values of IC50 = 250.67 μg/ml (F. miliacea) and 213.72 μg/ml (F. dichotoma). Antifungal activity was validated by dual culture test; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) using crude methanol extract 10mg/mL. The percentage of inhibition radial growth (PIRG) value by dual culture test against Colletotrichum spp for F. miliacea was 42.67%, and F. dichotoma was 38.33%. For MIC and MFC test, the lowest values against the plant pathogenic fungi showed at 1.25 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL. From the results, it showed that these extracts have the potential to be develop as natural products in integrated control strategies.
Optimized chemical mechanical polishing of Parylene C for high-density wiring in flexible electronics
Authors: Chen Lang , Xu Han , Han Xiao , Li Peiyue , Zhang Pan , Zhao Haoran , Jin Yufeng , Zhang Jinwen , Wang Wei
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of flexible electronics, an increasing number of microfabrication strategies originating from the Si-based integrated circuits field have been explored on organic materials. Parylene C, a polymer, has been widely used in the microelectromechanical systems field because of its outstanding fabrication merits, such as room-temperature processability, conformal coating, and precise thin film deposition capability with the thickness tunable from 1 nm to 100 μm. As a good dielectric material, the Parylene C is also suitable for interlayer dielectrics in flexible electronics. This study develops an optimized chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique of Parylene C for high-density redistribution wiring in high-performance flexible electronics. The roughness of the Parylene C surface after CMP was as low as 14.3 ± 1.5 Å. The problems of slurry pollution and mechanical failure of the Parylene film that degrade the dielectric performance of the Parylene C could be avoided by taking the optimized CMP method. The multi-material structure constructed by Parylene C, Silicon and electroplated Copper was prepared and polished using the optimized CMP process. Additionally, a flexible wiring sample has been successfully patterned by the Damascene process through the optimized CMP process. In this sample, both the distance between each wire and the wire width were as small as 5 μm. The optimized Parylene C CMP process is easy-to-realize, highly efficient, low cost, and with minor defects; it provides a promising way to achieve high-density interconnection in high-performance flexible electronic devices.
Topological edge states in dipolar zig-zag stripes
Authors: Mellado Paula
Published: July 2022

We study the magnon spectrum of stacked zig-zag chains of point magnetic dipoles with an easy axis. The anisotropy due to the dipolar interactions and the two-point basis of the zig-zag chain unit cell combine to give rise to topologically non-trivial magnon bands in 2D zig-zag lattices. Adjusting the distance between the two sublattice sites in the unit cell causes a band touching, which triggers the exchange of the Chern numbers of volume bands switching the sign of the thermal conductivity and the sense of motion of edges modes in zig-zag stripes. We show that these topological features survive when the range of the dipolar interactions is truncated up to the second nearest neighbors.
Optimization of antidote stocking, availability, and administration practices for a large multihospital organization
Authors: Antoniello Angela A , Pauls Patrick , Awad Nadia I , Sobolewski Kristine , Fernández Denise , Bridgeman Patrick
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Inadequate hospital antidote inventory is a widely documented international issue due to high medication costs, lack of emphasis on antidote importance, variable international standards, hospital size, and drug availability. A large health system underwent process and policy implementation for antidote stocking, availability tracking, and administration strategies to ensure appropriate inventory and improve patient safety.

Process and policy implementation occurred over a 12-month period across the health system’s 11 acute care hospitals with emergency department services. Opportunities for optimization were identified following data capture surrounding institution-specific antidote inventory and usage across the health system. Specifically, minimum par levels at each institution were determined from 2018 expert recommendations for both the central pharmacy and automated dispensing machines within the emergency department. These quantities ensured the availability of an antidote within a specific timeframe contingent on the acquisition acuity for at least one 100-kg patient. Entries for order sets, order statements, and smart pump drug libraries were modified or formulated to facilitate standardized practices and minimize safety errors before a system-wide electronic health record transition.

Conclusion

It is prudent for all institutions, independent or within a health system, to identify areas of improvement for antidote inventory and management. Implementation of a similar process for antidote stocking, sharing, and delivery at other institutions is feasible and necessary to mitigate issues with drug acquisition and timely administration.