bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis of Quality of Life
Authors: Haas Barbara K.
Published: July 2003

The purpose of this article is to analyze how the concept of quality of life (QOL) is currently being defined and used within health care. An on-line search of the phrase QOL in Medline, Cinahl, Psyc-Info, Eric, and Social Science Abstract provided a list of 16,021 articles published between 1993 and 1998. A convenience sample of 65 research and theoretical articles from the 1990s was examined to determine current usage and definitions of the concept of QOL across disciplines. Analysis was conducted, and a definition of the concept QOL, based on the analysis, is offered.
Modeling the Individual Determinants of Research Utilization
Authors: Estabrooks Carole A.
Published: July 2003

Despite more than two decades of investigation, our accumulated knowledge about what influences nurses’use of research is underdeveloped. This study’s objectives were to develop and test a series of structural equation models that included individual factors believed to influence research utilization. Estimates of the models were obtained using maximum likelihood estimation. Model fit was assessed by examining chi-square, the adjusted goodness of fit index, and the standardized residuals. Within a simple model that permitted only direct effects and controlled for instrumental, conceptual, and persuasive research utilization, 3 of 26 concepts exerted significant effects on research utilization. These were a positive attitude toward research, belief suspension, and in-services attended. These results support the assertion that our descriptive body of research on the determinants of research utilization is underdeveloped, limiting our ability to design and test effective strategies to increase the use of research findings in nursing practice.
Defining the Eligible, Accessible Population for a Phenomenological Study
Authors: Porter Eileen J.
Published: July 2003

When a rare target population is the focus of a proposed descriptive, phenomenological study, it is important to project the size of the population that is both eligible to participate and accessible to the investigator. This estimate of the eligible, accessible population is one basis for judging the feasibility of a proposed phenomenological study, and it serves to establish a demographic framework for the analysis. While preparing a grant proposal for a phenomenological study of older widows’experience of home care, the author developed a method of estimating the eligible, accessible population. The philosophical rationale for the method is explained, and its procedures are detailed. Suggestions are given for adapting the method in keeping with the aims of a particular phenomenological study.
Integrating Research, Policy, and Practice in Juvenile Justice Education
Authors: Blomberg Thomas G. , Waldo Gordon P.
Published: July 2003

This article provides an overview of the history and context leading to Florida’s efforts to implement an evaluation-driven research and associated quality assurance system for its juvenile justice education policies and practices. The Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program began implementing Florida’s evaluation research and quality assurance system to juvenile justice education in 1998. The article includes a brief summary of articles comprising this special issue of Evaluation Review that address the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program’s various functions, methodological components, data, preliminary findings, continuing evaluation research efforts, and impediments.
Correlates of Quality Educational Programs
Authors: Chester Deborah R. , Tracy Jessamyn A. , Earp Emily , Chauhan Reetu
Published: July 2003

Preliminary evaluation findings are presented that explore relationships between educational program quality and program characteristics such as program type, security level, aftercare, teacher certification, facility size, and private versus public provider. Several program characteristics are found to be related to measurements of educational program quality. Among the major quality characteristics are proportion of program teachers that are professionally certified, smaller sized facilities versus larger facilities, level of aftercare services, and provider sources, with private for-profit providers being the lowest performing and public providers being the highest performing. The article closes with description of the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program’s continuing evaluation of correlates to educational program quality through the continued development of a comprehensive database.
Pre-, Post-, and Longitudinal Evaluation of Juvenile Justice Education
Authors: Major Aline K. , Chester Deborah R. , McEntire Ranee , Waldo Gordon P. , Blomberg Thomas G.
Published: July 2003

This article describes two stages of the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program’s pre-, post-, and longitudinal evaluation research. Pilot studies were used to explore how to design statewide research of pre- and postassessment scores and community reintegration outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that higher performing educational programs produce greater educational gains as measured by academic achievement tests, credits earned, and pupil progression rates. The findings also indicate that these programs have more students returning to school and lower recidivism rates. Building on the pilot studies, refinements were made to the research designs to enable more comprehensive statewide evaluation. Current research includes collection of pre- and postassessment scores from official sources on approximately 16,000 juvenile justice youths. In addition, a research design has been developed to examine program effectiveness by measuring community reintegration variables. Multiple data sources, including official and self-reported data on family, school, employment, and subsequent crime involvement, will be used in the longitudinal study.
Data Integration in the Evaluation of Juvenile Justice Education
Authors: Winokur Kristin Parsons , Li Spencer , McEntire Ranee
Published: July 2003

This article discusses the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program’s evaluation of juvenile justice education through the integration of multiple data sources. Validation of best practices and the corresponding effect of these practices on community reintegration require the development of a comprehensive database of program-level and individual-level idicators from several sources. These sources include the Florida Department of Education, the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, the Florida Department of Corrections, and the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program’s own educational quality assurance and pre-/posttest data. This article examines the methodological, political, and bureaucratic obstacles encountered in this effort. Evaluation research analyses are also explored with an emphasis on the meaning of outcome measures relative to causal issues of time order, the modeling of events, and analytic strategy. The article provides a framework for future juvenile justice educational evaluation and a critical examination of problems encountered in integrating data sources for the purpose of outcome evaluation.
Evaluation Research, Policy, and Politics
Authors: Blomberg Thomas G. , Waldo Gordon P.
Published: July 2003

This article discusses the role of politics in the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program’s effort to use evaluation research data to inform Florida’s juvenile justice education policies and practices. Through consideration of the Juvenile Justice Education Enhancement Program’s experiences with privatization and the tough love and economy of scale rationales for larger and more custodial juvenile institutions, the variable role of politics is examined. Although the two examples are different, the discussion demonstrates that by maintaining an overriding commitment to its evaluation research purpose, the Juvenile Justice Educational Enhancement Program has been able to continue its data-driven policy efforts despite operating in a politically charged environment.
Development of Scholars Interested in Community-Based Health Promotion Research
Authors: Banks-Wallace JoAnne , Enyart Judith , Lewis Lisa , Lewis Suzanne , Mitchell Sadie , Parks Lennette , Vallar Ella
Published: July 2003

Culturally consistent community-based health promotion interventions have been identified as integral components of strategies to decrease health disparities. The limited number of culturally competent scholars impedes the development of appropriate interventions. This article examines issues relevant to the development of scholars interested in community-based health promotion research. It is the outcome of a series of discussions by the authors held over a 3-month period. Specific topics include classroom and communal educational opportunities to enhance cultural competence and creation of supportive environments for aspiring community-based scholars. Particular attention is given to the importance of ongoing opportunities for interaction between students and lay community scholars.
AIDS Knowledge and Measurement Considerations with Unacculturated Latinos
Authors: McQuiston Chris , Larson Kim , Parrado Emilio A. , Flaskerud Jacquelyn H.
Published: July 2003

Likert-type scales are frequently used in research with different ethnic groups. Differences in cultural response styles and understanding of the scale have long been noted but rarely explored in research. This article presents the authors’ experiences in using a Likert-type questionnaire to measure AIDS knowledge among recently arrived Mexican immigrants in the southeastern United States. The questionnaire findings were compared to a qualitative assessment using vignettes to ascertain knowledge of AIDS casual transmission. It was found that a lack of association existed between the respondents’ answers to the quantitative AIDS Likert-type scale and the qualitative vignettes. In-depth interviews to understand the problems respondents were having with the scaling (linguistics, format, and wording of the AIDS questionnaire) supported the findings of a lack of association between the two methods of knowledge assessment. The findings suggest that the Likert-type format is confusing for, and does not accurately reflect knowledge in, recently arrived Mexican immigrants.
Primary Prevention Research on Incontinence in Older Adults
Authors: Palmer Mary H.
Published: July 2003

Primary prevention research on urinary incontinence in older adults is in its nascent phase. Most clinical research has focused on secondary or tertiary prevention, that is, testing interventions to cure, improve, or manage incontinence. When urinary incontinence is recognized as a public health issue, resources become available to reduce the risk of incontinence and prevent its occurrence. Methodological issues that face nurse researchers desiring to conduct primary prevention research include inadequate theory and outcome development, need for gender and culturally sensitive measurement instruments, and sampling and design issues. Rather than viewing primary prevention as a futile endeavor, nurse researchers must combine the roles of researcher and advocate, articulating the vision for primary prevention, and developing sound clinical studies to prevent urinary incontinence in the older adult population.
Animal-Assisted Interventions Research
Authors: Johnson Rebecca A. , Odendaal Johannes S. J. , Meadows Richard L.
Published: July 2003

Animal visitation programs have been used in a wide variety of clinical settings with predominantly positive outcomes reported anecdotally. However, there is also a growing body of research investigating the effects of these interventions. Developing and conducting rigorous studies of animal interventions can be a complex and challenging process. The purpose of this article is to identify and discuss several issues arising with this type of research and to posit suggestions for avoiding pitfalls.
Relationship as an Inherent Component in Healthy Women’s Fatigue
Authors: Dzurec Laura Cox
Published: July 2003

The notion of fatigue has remained ambiguous despite more than 100 years of study. Fatigue is recognized as subjective in nature, and it is studied and clinically managed as primarily intrapersonal in scope, with treatment approaches often based in an established, if unfounded, hierarchy of assumptions. When a physiologic cause for fatigue is not identifiable, fatigue complaints often are considered illegitimate. This article builds on data from the literature and from the author’s previous work in women’s fatigue and relatedness to suggest that interpersonal relationships may serve to exacerbate healthy women’s fatigue experiences. The importance of relationship to women’s life experience and the inherently relational character of women’s fatigue are discussed. The author proposes the importance of including interpersonal experiences as a component of the definition of fatigue for healthy women.
Humanitarian Space and the Social Imaginary: Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders and the Rhetoric of Global Community
Authors: Dechaine D. Robert
Published: July 2003

Contemporary processes of globalization beckon consideration of the discursive forces that shape our perceptions of community, group identity, solidarity, and belongingness. The freedoms and limits endemic to life in a globalized world afford a variety of communicative resources for those seekingto promote humane social action. In this article, the author engages the discourse of Médecins Sans Frontières, or Doctors Without Borders, a humanitarian-based nongovernmental organization, to illuminate its stake in contemporary global politics. Through its rhetorical crafting of a public image of neutrality, its use of media channels to publicize events, and its discursive construction of a humanitarian space for social action, Médecins Sans Frontières conscripts the powerful ethos of the social imaginary in an attempt to forge a global community uniting individuals, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and international institutions.
The Newseum and Collective Memory: Narrowed Choices, Limited Voices, and Rhetoric of Freedom
Authors: Gans Rachel M.
Published: July 2003

Using the concepts of collective memory, the public sphere, and political econ omy, this article critically examines the narrative of the Newseum, the Freedom Forum's museum of the news. This article contends that the Newseum presents a narrative that is unresponsive to real criticism of the press, limits visitors' ability to explore alternative ideas, and does so while invoking collective memory and a rhetoric of freedom.
Arab Americans in a Nation's Imagined Community: How News Constructed Arab American Reactions to the Gulf War
Authors: Gavrilos Dina
Published: July 2003

An analysis of news stories about Arab American reactions to the Gulf War shows how the news media represented and reinforced a hegemonic construction of America as a unified, inclusive imagined community through ethnic differences. The stories accomplished this through sympathetic portrayals of the heartfelt struggles faced by Arab Americans as they feared the loss of Arab lives and the threat of racism duringthis time while simultaneously reiteratingtheir steadfast loyalty to America. Paradoxically, Arab Americans' ethnic position and wartime struggles became a powerful representation of what it means to be an exemplary, patriotic American.
Asymmetries in the Use of Verbal Irony
Authors: Kreuz Roger J. , Link Kristen E.
Published: July 2003

Three experiments assessed four variables that may affect verbal irony processing: people’s expectations of events, event outcome, evaluations of outcome, and shared common ground. Reading times and rating tasks were used to quantify the interaction of these factors. The failed expectation hypothesis predicts an interaction of expectation, outcome, and evaluation. In contrast, the expectation irrelevance hypothesis states that expectation does not matter—only interactions between outcome and evaluation should result. The results provide support for the expectation irrelevance hypothesis. There were also consistent common ground effects: Statements directed at high common ground targets were read more quickly and rated as more ironic than statements directed at low common ground targets. These studies also provide online evidence of the asymmetry of affect (positive evaluations of negative outcomes are more ironic than negative evaluations of positive outcomes). Together, these experiments further elucidate the complex pragmatic factors that govern verbal irony comprehension.
Employment Interview Outcomes and Speech Style Effects
Authors: Parton Sabrena R. , Siltanen Susan A. , Hosman Lawrence A. , Langenderfer Jeff
Published: July 2003

This study examines the effects of powerful versus powerless speech styles on employment interview outcomes, extending and refining research by Wiley and Eskilson. Undergraduate and professional respondents listened to one of eight audiotaped interviews manipulated by speech style, interviewer gender, and interviewee gender and evaluated the interviewees’ dynamism, social attractiveness, competence, and employability on Likert-type scales. Results indicate that a powerful speech style results in positive attributions of competence and employability and that professional respondents evaluated the speech styles differently than did undergraduates. Implications for the employment interview are discussed, and directions for future research are also identified.
Accents of Guilt?
Authors: Dixon John A. , Mahoney Berenice , Cocks Roger
Published: July 2003

This study examined the effect of regional accent on the attribution of guilt. One hundred and nineteen participants listened to a recorded exchange between a British male criminal suspect and a male policeman. Employing the “matched-guise” technique, this exchange was varied to produce a 2 (accent type: Birmingham/standard) 2 (race of suspect: Black/White) 2 (crime type: blue collar/white collar) independent-groups design. The results suggested that the suspect was rated as significantly more guilty when he employed a Birmingham rather than a standard accent and that attributions of guilt were significantly associated with the suspect’s perceived superiority and social attractiveness.
Contextualizing French Multiculturalism and Racism
Authors: Wieviorka Michel
Published: July 2003

During the last forty years, France has undergone a profound transformation, social, political, cultural and intellectual. This article locates Pierre Bourdieu's position on the French intellectual scene during these years. Analysing the relationship between general changes and Bourdieu's positions enables us to understand how the discussion of ideas can be perverted into a kind of sociological terrorism.
Excavating Power
Authors: Sassen Saskia
Published: July 2003

This article examines the questions of Power and Discourse in this particular period and argues that we can go beyond the recognition of multiplicities in all domains and hence that we can work at producing a shared normative ground for at least some of these multiple critical positions. It does so by focusing on one particular issue, the need to produce a new narrative about the relation of the national state and the global economy. A more precise and critical appraisal of this interaction signals the existence of new political openings both in and outside the formal political system, and of a new politics that could allow citizens to demand accountability from the new global actors. These new political openings and new politics entail the development of a normativity that engages the question of whose claims are legitimate in a context where the supposed neutrality of markets and technology are seen as obviating the need for normative approaches; and represent a critique of older political lineages centered exclusively in the national state that easily excluded many groups which never completely identified with the national state and its representation of the nation. One of the key tasks for intellectuals today is to dig out the inner architecture of power from under the new rational-technical discourses within which it is embedded.
French Cinema
Authors: Scott Allen J.
Published: July 2003

The article opens with a brief discussion of the cultural economy of cities. A framework for investigating this phenomenon is then proposed, paying special attention to the interconnections between the system of production, its geographic milieu and the logistics of distribution. An overview of the structure and logic of the French film industry is laid out in which the fragmentation of production activities and labor markets is stressed. The policy system governing the French film industry is described in detail, and the special role of the CNC (Centre National de la Cinématographie) is highlighted. The industry is then shown to be deeply interwined with the urban milieu of Paris, both in terms of its locational structure and its cultural dynamics. The final major section of the article deals with issues of industrial survival and competitiveness in the new global economy. It is suggested that French film policy needs to shift from a posture of defensive support of the industry to a more clearly articulated and aggressive concern with rebuilding market share in both the domestic and international arenas.
A Sociological Analysis of the Satanic Verses Affair
Authors: Fowler Bridget
Published: July 2003

Bourdieu's work on modern cultural production has certain omissions. It fails to raise the possibility that authors such as Salman Rushdie, either writing from peripheral nations or from powerless minorities within a powerful nation, might be called `heroic modernists'. This would differentiate them from the routinized form of late 20th-century modernist avantgardism, which operates within the logic of the laws of the `restricted literary field' and contributes inadvertently to social reproduction rather than transformation. The argument of the article provides grounds for seeing Rushdie as such a `heroic modernist'. The structural location for contemporary `heroic' modernism is linked to the particular position the writer occupies as a stranger or migrant. However, it is proposed that even writing such as Rushdie's, deriving as it does from the political good intentions of the radical, is constrained to establish itself within a highly competitive cultural field. The article asks whether the `double rupture' of the Verses - a rupture both with the bourgeois bestselling novel and with popular forms - is not the main source of those social contradictions on which the writer himself came to be so impaled. Not the least among such contradictions is the imperative for the purpose of literary distinction of the refusal of a traditional realist style, which led the author towards an ironic iconoclasm: a comic grotesque mode of subverting of the sacred.
On the Critique of `Utilitarian' Theories of Action
Authors: Levine Donald N.
Published: July 2003

Although Parsons encountered the works of both Simmel and Weber during his stay at Heidelberg in the late 1920s, his appropriation of the two became increasingly asymmetrical, issuing in a lifelong devotion to Weber and a pronounced disavowal of Simmel around the time Parsons published The Structure of Social Action. This reaction deprived Parsons of the substantial support he could have found in Simmel's work for his effort to counteract `utilitarian' theories of action. Simmel not only went beyond Parsons in revealing a number of perspectives that demonstrate the permeation of action by moral orientations, but he counteracted economistic thinking along a number of other dimensions. These include: showing the limits of cost-benefit calculations in social exchange; presenting strong theoretical arguments against the assumption of hedonism; presenting strong theoretical arguments against the assumption of egoism.
Globalization North and South
Authors: Pieterse Jan Nederveen
Published: July 2003

The buzzword is globalization and the key problem is uneven development. Perceptions and representations of globalization are profoundly different in North and South. Existing analytics - such as dependency, imperialism, exclusion and conspiracy theories - are not adequate for dealing with uneven globalization. There are profound differences between globalization and imperialism. Although a sense of powerlessness and frustration is common to both, the dynamics of deprivation are different. It is one thing to diagnose different conditions North and South (different modernities, different capitalisms). But what matters is not merely difference, but the relationship that exists between these differences, the articulations across different conditions. Contemporary accelerated globalization refers to a new distribution of power that comes in a package together with informalization, informatization and flexibilization. The ramifications of North-South articulation range from security, migration and media representation to regional conflict, labour unrest and social movements.
Invisible Ties
Authors: Mazlish Bruce
Published: July 2003

This article is an inquiry into the ties - which the author treats as invisible - that help bind humans in a society. Three forms of the modern Western world can usefully be discerned: patronage, connections and networks. Though retaining continuity, they have succeeded one another in impact and importance. The first mainly characterizes the period of the 16th to 18th centuries; the second, the 19th century, and especially England as it moved from an aristocratic to a bourgeois society; and the third, the late 20th century, with its computer revolution. In general, the direction of change has been from hierarchy to greater equality. Network society, however, is still in its incipient phase, and a final verdict is not yet possible. All three of the types of ties ideally shed light on the societies that they have helped to hold together.
Information Technology, Ideology and Governmentality
Authors: Valentine Jeremy
Published: July 2003

This article seeks to identify the political and ideological dimensions of the contemporary presence of information technology or infotech. This presence is experienced as the progressive unfolding of technology as the logic of the social itself. Rather than approaching these dimensions through their reduction to a ground, a symbolic totality or a specific interest, and argument is constructed from Laclau and Mouffe's concept of `antagonism' in conjunction with Claude Lefort's notion of `invisible ideology'. This gives the argument the advantage of relating the constitution of ideology to a historically specific political formation, instead of positing a timeless relation to the constitution of an abstract subject as the ground of an explanation. The argument is that insofar as information technology appears as a substance that absorbs the dynamic of community, which I call autotechnopoiesis, then ideology constructs the identity of this space with itself. The political is understood as the failure of this self-presence. In conclusion, these issues are located in terms of the governmentality of the `performative state' which seeks the recruitment of subjects to the `promotion of the social' through an investment in the banality of communication.
Norbert Elias and Franz Borkenau
Authors: Szakolczai Arpád
Published: July 2003

This article argues that the life-works of Norbert Elias and Franz Borkenau can best be understood together, as they were developed in close interaction during the 1930s. Deriving inspiration from Freud, they took up the project formulated by Weber at the end of his `Anticritical Last Word'. However, in two significant respects they went beyond the Weberian problematics. First, overcoming the centrality attributed to economic concerns, they rooted the Western civilizing process in the long-term attempt to harness the violence that was escalated by the emergence and then collapse of the Roman Empire. Second, they emphasized the crucial importance of periods of transition that follow an overall dissolution of order and mark the possible future course of events.
Freedom and Fatefulness:
Authors: Hammer Dean
Published: July 2003

This article reassesses Arendt's relationship to Augustine, exploring the Augustinian context for Arendt's own thinking about the relationship between thought and action. What Arendt drew from Augustine, the contours of which remain in her later work, is a journey of memory in which reflection, as it removes us from the world, paradoxically reveals us as inserted into this world. Out of this ontology of origins emerges an ethic of beginning as we recognize, in the moment of reflection, a bond of kinship and an equality toward each other that is constituted by our common relationship of beginning and fatefulness to the world. It is this Augustinian journey of memory that continued to guide Arendt's thinking in developing a political ethic that shared with action the ontological foundation of beginning.
Reflexivity
Authors: Pels Dick
Published: July 2003

Reflexivity, or the systematic attempt to include the spokesperson in accounts of the social world, is a magnetic signature and inherent riddle of all modern thinking about knowledge and science. Turning the narrative back upon the narrator may sharpen our critical wits about the `inescapable perspectivity' (Mannheim) of human knowledge; but self-referential accounts may also trigger endless loops of meta-theorizing and lose track of the object itself. Negotiating the twin pitfalls of spiralling meta-reflexivity and flat naturalistic accounts, I argue for a reflexive `one step up', which adds one storey to the story (no more, no less). It explores, through critical discussions of the work of Harding and Bourdieu, how reflexivity may promiscuously combine with conflicting objectivist and constructivist epistemologies, and how reflexive accounts invariably appear to run in a circle. This performative circularity, it is argued, does not invalidate the reflexive effort but defines its major strength (-in-weakness). Constitutive circularity graces both world-accounts and self-accounts with a radical uncertainty and incompleteness; which implies, among other things, that we must shift part of the burden of reflexive work to our friends, or rather: to our best enemies.
Music & Politics
Authors: Hutnyk John , Sharma Sanjay
Published: July 2003

This is an introduction to the section on Music and Politics including a description of the context of these essays, their individual contributions and their thematic interrelations.
Vilayeti Rhythms
Authors: Kalra Virinder S.
Published: July 2003

An unambiguous absence in the study of South Asian diasporized populations occurs when considering popular cultural forms. Writing for the `Other' rather than reading and listening to their texts has marked anthropological and other social science discourse. Beginning to fill in the void, this article focuses on the musical form Bhangra and its specific articulation in diasporized domains. A close consideration of the lyrical and musical context of a number of song texts brings forward a number of themes. At the centre of these songs is the experience of migration and its social and political consequences.
`A Love Born of Hate'
Authors: Wright Steve
Published: July 2003

Perhaps the most distinctive aspect of Italian-language rap in the 1990s has been the close association of some popular performers with the nation's radical Left. Through a critical reading of the imagery, lyrics and other writings of two of Italy's best known rap bands, this essay seeks to explore the tensions between cultural labour and political commitment in the social centres movement.
Music for Euro-Maoists
Authors: Hutnyk John
Published: July 2003

This article takes up the appearance in the club circuits of Europe of cultural matter derived from radical peasant insurgency in West Bengal. It asks why the political content of cultural performance is so often glossed as exotica, and writes back some of the history of transnational, or internationalist, politics into this forum. Linking this to the celebrated Booker Prizewinning text of Arundhati Roy, and Gayatri Spivak's translations of Mahasweta Devi's writing, the contradictions of cultural politics are foregrounded.
Jazzgeist
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Banerjea Partha
Published: July 2003

This article investigates the changing currency of racial politics in jazz music formations, with a comparative focus on Nazi and contemporary Germany. While it is noted that music articulates politics in an oblique or metonymic way, in highly-charged contexts music is lent further propositional capacity. This is highlighted in Nazi Germany where jazz music was seen as barbaric, `dark' and uncivilized, and classical music represented order and cultural supremacy. These dynamics continue but, often, in a slightly askew form for contemporary articulations of racial essentialisms: present-day fascist music is a repository of whiteness, but `darkness' is sought in this putatively `white' music, while jazz now serves as a moniker of comfort, and an `antiquated civility'. Each of these musical cultures invokes hybridity in a differential sense - either hybridity is suppressed or it is masked within racially essential matrices. These musical trajectories form the backdrop to an appreciation of the overlooked yet significant jazz dance fusion scene in contemporary Germany - where hybridity is fetishized, arguably as a means of renegotiating violent histories and contemporary racisms in Europe.
Social Sovereignty
Authors: Latham Robert
Published: July 2003

Questions of sovereignty are unavoidable when considering the production of social power within the context of modernity and globalization. If sovereignty refers to the existence of a highest or supreme power over a set of people, things, or places, then we ought to question whether sovereignty can be legitimately `located' in an agent like a state. Is not supremacy more accurately associated with the structures of relations that set the terms for - or are constitutive of - a domain of social existence (bodies of law or webs of codes)? This social sovereignty offers us a way to understand not only how both state and nonstate actors can together be central to the governance of social domains, but also how communities can fashion sovereign `societies' as opposed to states. The case of globalized financial markets is explored as a pointed example of a transboundary form of social sovereignty.
Digital Networks and the State
Authors: Sassen Saskia
Published: July 2003

This article examines the architecture of public access and of private digital networks in order to establish in what ways they might be (a) subject to regulation, (b) alter the authority of the national state, and (c) have positive or negative impacts on liberal democracy and on the political potential of civil society. Two of the key issues explored in this context are the meaning of regulation, which is likely to be quite different from our historically grounded understandings of state regulation, and, second, the sharp and often overlooked differences between public access and private digital networks.
Graduated Sovereignty in South-East Asia
Authors: Ong Aihwa
Published: July 2003

What fundamental changes in the state, and in the analysis of the state, have been stimulated by economic globalization? In the course of interactions with global markets and regulatory agencies, so-called Asian tiger countries like Malaysia and Indonesia have created new economic possibilities, social spaces and political constellations, which in turn condition their further actions. The shifting relations between market, state, and society have resulted in the state's flexible experimentations with sovereignty. Graduated sovereignty refers to a) the different modes of governing segments of the population who relate or do not relate to global markets; and b) the different mixes of legal compromises and controls tailored to the requirements of special production zones. The Asian financial crisis further demonstrates the concept of graduation in that the market-oriented agenda can mean different things, strengthening state power and protections in certain areas, but not in others.
Poststructuralism, Complexity and Poetics
Authors: Dillon Michael
Published: July 2003

Poststructuralism and complexity are plural and diverse modes of thought that share a common subscription to the `anteriority of radical relationality'. They nonetheless subscribe to a different ethic of life because they address the anteriority of radical relationality in different ways. Complexity remains strategic in its bid to become a power-knowledge of the laws of becoming. It derives that strategic ethic from its scientific interest in the implicate order of non-linearity that is said to subvert Newtonian science. Poststructuralism is poetic. It derives its poetic ethic from Heidegger and from the reworking of orphic and tragic sensibilities to radical relationality with the radically non-relational. Observing that all poetry is complexity avant la lettre, the article illustrates these points with the Odyssey and concludes that while complexity is ultimately concerned with fitness, poststructuralism is preoccupied with justice.
On the Proper Status of Unspeakably Bad Objects
Authors: Leng Kwok Wei
Published: July 2003

This article examines some recent theoretical objects of feminism with a view towards a reinvigorated dialogue with psychoanalysis. Against the backdrop of debates on essentialism, universalism, social constructionism and historical change, it aims to reintroduce the value of psychoanalytic ideas to feminism by unfolding a dimension of history in the divided subject and adding a positive value to psychoanalytic universalism. This argument is carried out with the help of the writings of Julia Kristeva, from the early essay, `Women's Time', to the psychoanalytic publications of the 1980s and 1990s.
Ethics, Embodiment and the Voice-Hearing Experience
Authors: Blackman Lisa
Published: July 2003

This article explores how theoretical arguments in relation to the concepts of embodiment and identity can allow one to analyse and explore the cultural and psychological significance of a contemporary set of practices of the `hallucinatory self', exemplified by members of the Hearing Voices Network. The article considers work in `critical psychology', which has largely been ignored by media and cultural theory. Through specific analysis of the ways in which a group of voice-hearers are enacting their identities outside of the frameworks of the `psy' disciplines, the limits of current theories of identity will be exemplified. The article suggests that cultural and social theory must move beyond `consumption' as one of the key sites of subjectification, and begin to explore the significance of sites organized through divisions made between the normal and the abnormal. This will involve developing theories of subject formation which can adequately theorize the relations between truth, power and desire, and can pay attention to those situated practices which produce the various possibilities of experience in relation to contemporary forms of selfhood.
The Quantity of Style
Authors: Oushakine Serguei Alex
Published: July 2003

This article analyses 178 essays written in April 1997, in which Siberian students (15-22-year-olds) described their understandings of Soviet and post-Soviet realities. The main change between the two regimes is perceived in these essays as the change in patterns of consumption. Moreover, as the essays indicate, the new Russian style of consumption, usually associated with the style of the new rich classes in Russia, finds its fullest representation in the figure of the `new Russian' man. The article suggests that students' attempts to envision unfamiliar patterns of wealthy consumption bring with them the reproduction of their own cultural dispositions and habits. Being unable to easily come up with adequate cultural signifiers that could homologically represent the distinctive economic location of the new rich, students chose to follow the path of quantitative rather than qualitative representation, expressing `the taste of luxury' in terms of the `taste of necessity'. Along with this subjective factor, that is, the students' own cultural dispositions, the prominence of the quantitative factor in their descriptions of the new Russian style of consumption is determined by the absence of a developed field of post-Soviet cultural production, which could have provided the new Russian style with distinctive status symbols.
Conflict as a Vocation
Authors: Rasch William
Published: July 2003

Carl Schmitt's critique of liberal pluralism (of individuals and associations) was conducted in the name of a different pluralism, a truer pluralism, according to him, namely, the pluralism of equal and sovereign nation-states. His friend/enemy distinction dictates that conflict is the only legitimate model for politics, at least on the international level. By translating Schmitt's theory of politics as conflict into terms derived from the work of Lyotard and Luhmann, this article asks whether Schmitt's concept of the political has any relevance for the contemporary world, especially considering that the liberal pluralism of associations (or social systems) seems to have carried the day. Such a transposition requires that the modern, horizontal structure of operationally closed (but internally bifurcated) social systems be thought of as sovereign states fiercely fighting to maintain their autonomy. Thus, the common battle fought by the anti-modernist, Schmitt, the ultra-modernist, Luhmann, and the post-modernist, Lyotard, is the one against de-differentiation and the expansion of a universalist morality and economy.
The Feminine in Modern Art
Authors: Wolff Janet
Published: July 2003

The concept of `the feminine' has generally been employed to denigrate the work of women artists. A central project of feminist art historians, therefore, has been to challenge the use of the term. This article argues instead that the term can be mobilized in a more productive way, to investigate the very constitution of discourses of gender and, in particular, the discursive production of modernism as itself `masculine'. Reading for `inscriptions in the feminine', as well as for tensions and contradictions in `the masculine', allows for a critical practice which is based on interrogation rather than correction, and which refuses the idea of modernism as monolithic. The article approaches these questions about modern art through a discussion of gender and modernity and, in particular, through an exploration of the prospects of such a critique available in some of the writings of Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin.
From Comte to Baudrillard
Authors: Wernick Andrew
Published: July 2003

The article offers a critical but sympathetic reflection on the development of classical and post-classical French sociology. From Comte onwards, I suggest, the modern French treatment of the social has been preoccupied with socio-theological questions; and even with the radical deconstruction of any society-god, this continues to be the case. There are distinctive historical reasons for this (including the Catholic inheritance and an enduring legitimacy problem for the Republican state); but the significance of the issues raised by this intellectual tradition as a result goes beyond the limits of national context. In an age of post-histoire and the `death' of everything, the `French' travails of social ontology, including the quasi-religious register in which these have occurred, have deep and continuing import for any would-be progressive social theory as such. We need to rethink the `we'. With such considerations in mind, the body of the article considers Comte's concept of Humanity and Baudrillard's `end of the social' as exemplifying key aspects of the beginning (reconstructive) and ending (deconstructive) phases of the French sociological story. What began as a detour in the `death of God', I argue, has terminated in a `second death of God' in which a replacement divinity and the rationalist faith associated with it have disintegrated and become impossible to think. But the logic of this development has not been straightforward. It is marked by a double paradox. An interrogation of Comte's `Humanity' reveals it to be a semi-conscious exercise in simulation, haunted by the implications of its own emptiness. On the one hand, then, the attempted religious founding founded nothing (it made a transcendent of its own intended re-socializing effects). On the other hand, as exemplified by Baudrillard's pronouncements about the end of the social, the moment of disintegration has itself seemed to offer a new socio-theological opening. Rather than mourn the anomic or hyper-real impossibility of a transcending `we', Baudrillard would shift terrain in a quasi-Nietzschean (or Bataillian) transvaluation. This implies (against Baudrillard himself) not the definitive end of the French `sociological' project, but the possibility of its continuation, albeit under erasure and in a new key.
`As One Should, Ought and Wants to Be'
Authors: Yngvesson Barbara , Mahoney Maureen A.
Published: July 2003

This article examines identity narratives of adult adoptees who have undergone dislocations which make impossible the construction of a seamless narrative of origin. Focusing on the dynamic between their experience of uprootedness and the modernist compulsion for a `fundamental ground' that is `beyond the reach of play', we argue that the pressure to fix identity operates to expose both the tenuousness of the concept of a center or ground and the problems with the postmodernist impulse to celebrate a vision of identity as only play. Identity narratives of adoptees engage both cultural discourses of authenticity and the emotional resonance of these discourses as subjects reformulate the stories of their lives. These reformulations allow us to examine what it means to move beyond conventional understandings of identity as either mobile or fixed to a more complex view that encompasses interrupted movement and the dissonance of multiple forms of rootedness.
Niklas Luhmann
Authors: Arnoldi Jakob
Published: July 2003

The article is an introduction to a special section in TCS on the work of Niklas Luhmann. The first part of the article provides a general introduction to Luhmann's work with an emphasis on the basic elements of Luhmann's general systems theory, in particular Luhmann's notions of autopoiesis and meaning, and the traditions on which it is based. The second part of the text is a presentation of the articles in the special section.
Economics of Gift — Positivity of Justice
Authors: Teubner Gunther
Published: July 2003

Niklas Luhmann and Jacques Derrida start with a common assumption in their analyses of the law and the economy - the foundational paradox of social institutions. But then autopoiesis and deconstruction move into opposite directions. Luhmann pursues the question of how de-paradoxification constructs the immanence of social institutions and builds a world of autopoietic social systems. By contrast, Derrida's thought aims at the transcendence of social institutions through their re-paradoxification. However, there is a hidden supplementarity of autopoiesis and deconstruction which makes it worthwhile to relate the theories to each other. Derrida's distinction of writing/speech is necessarily blind toward Luhmann's distinction of consciousness/communication, but is, at the same time, continuously provoked by it. On another level, the opposite happens. Luhmann's autopoiesis is permanently irritated by Derrida's différance but is at the same time unable to conceptualize it. This complementary blindness of their distinctions directrices is a permanent source of mutual irritation which requires a reformulation of the social and of the possibility of justice.