bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FEATURES OF EMPATHY AND REFLECTION IN A PERSON AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF EDUCATION
Authors: Manuilov Gennadii Valerevich , Gorelova Galina Gazimovna , Yashchenko Elena Fedorovna
Published: July 2020

Background: The article discusses empathy and reflection as psychological constructs in personality orientation during education and work-related activities. The article aims to study the features of empathy and reflection at different stages of education and work-related (for example, medicine-related) activities, as well as to search for the relationship between these constructs and certain individual psychological characteristics of a person. Materials and methods: The study involved 169 medical students aged from 17 to 30 years. The students were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the stages of education and work-related activities: first-year students (initial stage) – 59 persons, third-year students (practice-related stage) – 52 persons, fourth-year students (final stage of training) – 58 persons. The following research methods were used: the diagnosis of multicommunicative empathy after I.M. Yusupov, a technique for diagnosing the severity and direction of reflection by M. Grant, California Psychological Inventory. The following data processing methods were used: descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, a multilayer perceptron neural network of a regression type. Results: The general level of empathy as a whole tends to increase from stage to stage and is higher at the final stage of education. In the structure of reflective processes, there is a predominance of self-reflection mechanisms aimed at analyzing one’s own inner world and areassociated with self-sufficiency and independence. Conclusion: Empathy is formed and developed when mastering the specifics and requirements of work-related activities. The predominance of self-reflection can adversely affect the understanding of the other person’s inner world, which is necessary for future subjects of socionomic professions. In the psychological profiles of students, there are qualities that conflict with each other and are the cause of intrapersonal conflicts, which lead to social maladaptation and frustration. Thus, psychological correction is required for resolving the identified contradictions at all stages of education.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTATION IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH WEAKENED HEALTH
Authors: Milashechkina Elena Anatolevna , Gernet Irina Nikolaevna , Milashechkin Vitalii Sergeevich
Published: July 2020

Background: About 40% of foreign students from 150 countries of the world study at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Unusual environment, other sociocultural traditions, climatic and geographic factors, time-related changes make special demands on the adaptationof foreign students. It is especially difficult for students with health status deviations. Aim: The article aims to assess the psychophysiological parameters of adaptation in foreign students with impaired health status. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on the basis of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Male students aged from 18 to 19 years participated in the study. All students belong to a special medical group for health reasons and are divided into two groups: the control (Russian students, n = 28) and experimental (foreign students, n = 35) groups. To assess the psychophysiological features of adaptation, the indicators of response to light and sound stimuli were used, as well as the test of maximum oxygen consumption, the duration of individual minutes, and the orthostatic test conducted with the help of Sports psychophysiologist hardware and software complex (no. 2010617789). The obtained data were subjected to variational and statistical analysis using the Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (version 19.0 for Windows) software. The survey was conducted with the written consent of the students. Results: Significant differences in simple sensorimotor response to light and sound stimuli were revealed in foreign students compared to Russian students (P ≤ 0.05). Also, more than half of the students from both groups had a low level of physical performance. However, males from the experimental group were characterized by lower values. The duration of the individual minute in foreign students with health status deviations is much shorter than in students from the control group. There were no significant differences in the data btained in the orthostatic test. Conclusion: In males of both groups, pathological processes are characterized by a decrease in the functional capacities. However, most psychophysiological parameters are worse in foreign students. This indicates a decrease in the adaptive capacity of students from the experimental group and indirectly indicates the imbalance in the psychophysiological status.
ACTIVITIES OF SOVIET PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE SOUTH URALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Gorelova Galina Gazimovna , Manuilov Gennadii Valerievich , Popkova Tatiyana Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2020

Background. On the 75th anniversary of the victory of the USSR in World War II, the discussion on the role of psychologists in this difficult time for the country is relevant. The article discusses the contribution of psychologists to the recovery and return to service of wounded soldiers on the example of A. Luria and his team in an evacuation hospital in the South Urals. The research activity and practice of psychological rehabilitation in a neurosurgical hospital are analyzed, the emergence of neuropsychology as a new direction in psychology is revealed. Aim. To identify the contribution of psychologists working in an evacuation hospital in the South Urals in the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers and mental health recovery. Theoretical foundations. The study was carried out by in-depth analysis of the scientific literature on Russian history and the history of psychology and scientific sources based on the works of A.R. Luria and his team in the postwar period. Results. During the war years, psychologists collected the richest empirical material, numerous data and results, on the basis of which articles and fundamental publications were prepared that determined and stimulated the emergence of new branches of psychological science (neuropsychology, military psychology, psychophysiology, health psychology). Of crucial importance for the development of science was the theory of the brain organization of the higher mental functions of a person, which defines higher mental functions as a complex form of mental activity, for the implementation of which certain brain structures are responsible – strictly differentiated formations combined into various systems. The emergence of a psychological community was also stimulated on the periphery, where before the war psychology was still almost undeveloped. Conclusion. The research of many Russian scientists and, in particular Alexander Luria, not only contributed to the great Victory of the Soviet people but also stimulated scientific progress. Psychology during the Great Patriotic War received a powerful incentive for its further development.
Pontryagin maximum principle and second order optimality conditions for optimal control problems governed by 2D nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Biswas Tania , Dharmatti Sheetal , Mohan Manil T.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we formulate a distributed optimal control problem related to the evolution of two isothermal, incompressible, immiscible fluids in a two-dimensional bounded domain. The distributed optimal control problem is framed as the minimization of a suitable cost functional subject to the controlled nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations. We describe the first order necessary conditions of optimality via the Pontryagin minimum principle and prove second order necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for the problem.
Automated Characterization of Non-Newtonian Fluids Using Laboratory Setup
Authors: Sui Dan , Vidaur Juan Carlos Martinez
Published: July 2020

The automation towards drilling fluid properties’ measurement has been pursued in the recent years in order to increase drilling efficiency with less human intervention. Adequately monitoring and adjusting density and rheology of drilling fluids are fundamental responsibilities of mud engineers. In this study, experimental tests that automatically characterize fluids were conducted. The basic objective is to measure the differential pressures along two sections of the pipes: one horizontal section and one vertical section. Using such measuring data, mathematical algorithms are then proposed to estimate fluids’ density and subsequently viscosity with respect to flow regimes, laminar and turbulence. The results were compared and validated with the values measured on rotational rheometers. With the help of models and numerical schemes, the work presented in the paper reveals a good opportunity to improve the accuracy and precision of continuous-measuring and monitoring fluids’ properties.
Post-combustion artificial neural network modeling of nickel-producing multiple hearth furnace
Authors: Góngora Deynier Montero , Van Caneghem Jo , Haeseldonckx Dries , Leyva Ever Góngora , Mendoza Mercedes Ramírez , Dutta Abhishek
Published: July 2020

In a nickel-producing multiple hearth furnace, there is a problem associated to the automatic operation of the temperature control loops in two of the hearths, since the same flow of air is split into two branches. A neural model of the post-combustion sub-process is built and served to increase the process efficiency of the industrial furnace. Data was taken for a three-months operating time period to identify the main variables characterizing the process and a model of multilayer perceptron type is built. For the validation of this model, process data from a four-months operating time period in 2018 was used and prediction errors based on a measure of closeness in terms of a mean square error criterion measured through its weights for the temperature of two of the hearths (four and six) versus the air flow to these hearths. Based on a rigorous testing and analysis of the process, the model is capable of predicting the temperature of hearth four and six with errors of 0.6 and 0.3 °C, respectively. In addition, the emissions by high concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases are reduced, thus contributing to the health of the ecosystem.
Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene using NiMoWS catalysts supported on Al–Mg and Ti–Mg mixed oxides
Authors: Peña-Obeso Pablo Jahir , Huirache-Acuña Rafael , Arroyo-Albiter Manuel , Guevara-Martínez Santiago José , Leyva Carolina , Cervantes-Gaxiola Maritza E.
Published: July 2020

In this work, two series of trimetallic NiMoW sulfide catalysts supported on Al–Mg(x) and Ti–Mg(x) mixed oxides with different content of MgO (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% of MgO) were synthesized. The mixed oxides and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, N2 physisorption and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS UV–Vis); and evaluated during the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) reaction. The NiMoW/Al–Mg catalysts showed a higher dispersion of Ni, Mo and W species than NiMoW/Ti–Mg catalysts resulting in higher catalytic activities. Catalysts with 10 wt.% of MgO showed the highest catalytic activity for both series of catalysts. Most of the synthesized catalysts exhibited higher activities than NiMoWS/Al–Ti reference catalyst. The present comparison study clearly showed that NiMoW/Al–Mg and NiMoW/Ti–Mg catalyst with 10 wt.% of MgO might be a promising and effective catalyst for the HDS-DBT reaction.
Shrinking the surface plasmon
Authors: Yang Fan , Ding Kun , Pendry John Brian
Published: July 2020

Surface plasmons at an interface between dielectric and metal regions can in theory be made arbitrarily compact normal to the interface by introducing extreme anisotropy in the material parameters. We propose a metamaterial structure comprising a square array of gold cylinders and tune the filling factor to achieve the material parameters we seek. Theory is compared to a simulation wherein the unit cell dimensions of the metamaterial are shown to be the limiting factor in the degree of localisation achieved.
Petroarcheometric Analysis on Obsidian Artefacts Found Within Some Neolithic – Eneolithic Period Caves of Southern Italy
Authors: Acquafredda Pasquale , Larocca Felice , Minelli Antonella , Pallara Mauro , Micheletti Francesca
Published: July 2020

In the last twenty years, obsidian artefacts have been found in important and often extensive karst cavities in Southern Italy: three located in Calabria (Grotta della Monaca, and Grotta del Tesauro, in Sant’Agata di Esaro, Cosenza; Grotta Pietra Sant’Angelo in San Lorenzo Bellizzi, Cosenza), one in Puglia (Grotta di Santa Barbara in Polignano a Mare, Bari) and another in Campania (Grotta di Polla, Salerno). All these sites, that have returned a total of 151 obsidian tools, were connected to human frequentation of the underground environments that occurred during the Holocene, which can be precisely located in the vast period between the Neolithic and the Eneolithic (6th–4th millennium BC). They are mainly blades and bladelets, but also burins together with scrapers and cores, generally of small dimensions. SEM-EDS and WD-XRF absolutely non-destructive analyses carried out on these items have shown that all samples have a source area in the obsidian outcrops of the island of Lipari (Messina, Italy). These data confirm that the Aeolian island of Lipari furnished the privileged obsidian extraction outcrops for most of the Neolithic and Eneolithic archaeological sites of Southern Italy.
Towards Democratic Consolidation? Ukraine After the Revolution of Dignity
Authors: Terzyan Aram
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of post-Maidan Ukraine’s democratic consolidation, with a focus on its attitudinal, behavioral and institutional dimensions.

The study suggests that Ukraine’s transition from a hybrid regime to a consolidated democracy involves addressing a series of societal and institutional issues, ranging from transformation of paternalistic culture to institutional development of political parties and civil society organizations (CSO). Institutionalization is essential for shifting from charismatic appeal or rule to well-established institutions that translate leader’s vision into policies sustained by appropriate structures, rules, and procedures. The study enquires into the intricacies of democratic consolidation in post-Soviet countries, amid constraining conditions stemming from deep-rooted authoritarian legacies.
The Problem of Arbitrary Creation for Impassibility
Authors: Mullins R. T.
Published: July 2020

There is a particular question that has plagued classical Christian theism over the centuries. What reason could God have for creating a universe? In this article, I shall articulate the unique claims of classical theism that other rival models of God lack. I shall argue that classical theism’s unique commitments entail that God cannot create the universe for a reason. Thus, any nonclassical model of God can claim to have the advantage over classical theism because they can affirm that God creates the universe for a reason. In Section 1, I shall articulate classical theism. In Section 2, I shall lay the groundwork for the debate by explaining what a reason is and what a creation is. In Section 3, I shall argue that a classical theist cannot affirm that God creates the universe for a reason, thus conflicting with God’s perfect rationality.
Optimal control for generating excited state expansion in ring potential
Authors: Yu Hoon , Kim Seung Jin , Kim Jung Bog
Published: July 2020

We applied an optimal control algorithm to an ultra-cold atomic system for constructing an atomic Sagnac interferometer in a ring trap. We constructed a ring potential on an atom chip by using an RF-dressed potential. A field gradient along the radial direction in a ring trap known as the dimple-ring trap is generated by using an additional RF field. The position of the dimple is moved by changing the phase of the RF field [1]. For Sagnac interferometers, we suggest transferring Bose–Einstein condensates to a dimple-ring trap and shaking the dimple potential to excite atoms to the vibrational-excited state of the dimple-ring potential. The optimal control theory is used to find a way to shake the dimple-ring trap for an excitation. After excitation, atoms are released from the dimple-ring trap to a ring trap by adiabatically turning off the additional RF field, and this constructs a Sagnac interferometer when opposite momentum components are overlapped. We also describe the simulation to construct the interferometer.
Comparison of Test Methodologies for Computing Bending and Shear Stiffness of Cross-Laminated Timber
Authors: Hematabadi Hojat , Hindman Daniel P.
Published: July 2020

Current testing methods for evaluating the out-of-plane bending and shear stiffness terms of cross-laminated timber (CLT) materials use a relatively long span panel. When new CLT layups and composites are proposed, especially when manufactured from pilot-scale facilities, the length requirement may be a barrier for material property evaluation. The purpose of this paper was to compare current bending and shear stiffness test methods of CLT with alternative forms, including a simultaneous calculation method and the five-point bending test, which uses a shorter beam than current testing methods. Both experimental evaluation and finite element modeling of the mechanical properties were used to compare the proposed test methods. In general, numerical and experimental results demonstrated that effective bending stiffness (EIeff) values of CLT panels evaluated by different test methods were similar (maximum 12.7 % difference). Effective bending and shear stiffness values from the finite element method (FEM) agreed with experimental results. FEM demonstrated that both the simultaneous solution and the five-point bending test can be used as alternative test methods for evaluation of the bending and shear stiffness for CLTs. However, the effective shear stiffness values of CLTs from current industry standards were at least 450 % less than both the experimental evaluation and FEM prediction.
Characterization of Intrinsic ΔKth to Support Crack Growth Estimates under Spectrum Loading in the HCF/VHCF Domain
Authors: Sunder R. , Koraddi Ramesh , Chandra Vishwas
Published: July 2020

Closure-free intrinsic threshold stress intensity, ΔKth,i, can vary significantly depending on near-tip residual stress, σ*. σ* is a computed parameter that is sensitive to hysteretic stress–strain crack-tip response to applied load history. The test procedure developed in earlier work to characterize ΔKth,i as a function of σ* was optimized and validated on three different materials, demonstrating both consistent estimates of ΔKth,i as well as its unique relationship with σ*. A detailed description of the improved test procedure is provided to enable implementation on a target test system. Establishment of the ΔKth,i versus σ* relationship permits improved estimates of extended duration spectrum load fatigue crack growth associated with high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF). The test procedure to characterize this relationship merits adoption as a standard test practice given the promise of bridging a longstanding gap between laboratory test techniques and requirements of residual crack growth life estimates under long-duration spectrum loading.
OTX2 Non-Cell Autonomous Activity Regulates Inner Retinal Function
Authors: Torero Ibad Raoul , Mazhar Bilal , Vincent Clémentine , Bernard Clémence , Dégardin Julie , Simonutti Manuel , Lamonerie Thomas , Di Nardo Ariel A. , Prochiantz Alain , Moya Kenneth L.
Published: July 2020

OTX2 is a homeoprotein transcription factor expressed in photoreceptors and bipolar cells in the retina. OTX2, like many other homeoproteins, transfers between cells and exerts non-cell autonomous effects such as promoting the survival of retinal ganglion cells that do not express the protein. Here we used a genetic approach to target extracellular OTX2 in the retina by conditional expression of a secreted single-chain anti-OTX2 antibody. Compared with control mice, the expression of this antibody by parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the retina is followed by a reduction in visual acuity in 1-month-old mice with no alteration of the retinal structure or cell type number or aspect. The a-waves and b-waves measured by electroretinogram were also indistinguishable from those of control mice, suggesting no functional deficit of photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Mice expressing the OTX2-neutralizing antibody did show a significant doubling in the flicker amplitude and a reduction in oscillatory potential, consistent with a change in inner retinal function. Our results show that interferingin vivowith OTX2 non-cell autonomous activity in the postnatal retina leads to an alteration in inner retinal cell functions and causes a deficit in visual acuity.
Effects of Inactivation of the Periaqueductal Gray on Song Production in Testosterone-Treated Male Canaries (Serinus canaria)
Authors: Haakenson Chelsea M. , Balthazart Jacques , Ball Gregory F.
Published: July 2020

Male canaries (Serinus canaria) display seasonal changes in the motivation to sing which have been found to be dependent on the action of testosterone (T). During the breeding season when T is high, males sing at a higher rate compared with males with low T. The effect of T on song rate is known to be mediated by the medial preoptic nucleus (POM); however, it is unclear how T signaling in POM impacts song production. One potential mechanism is via modulation of dopaminergic input into song control nuclei by the periaqueductal gray (PAG). In order to test the role of PAG in T-mediated song production, we treated male canaries with peripheral T implants and implanted a guide cannula targeting the PAG. Through this guide cannula, we transiently inactivated PAG with injections of the GABAAagonist, muscimol. Each bird received multiple infusions of both muscimol and saline with a 48-h washout period between treatments. The order of injection type was randomized and counterbalanced between individuals. Muscimol infusion into the PAG, but not nearby regions, increased the latency to sing post-injection. These results support the hypothesis that PAG is involved in the production of song, potentially mediating the motivation to sing or alternatively interfering with the pre-motor activity of nucleus RA. Other song features were however not affected.
Disconnect-Connect
Authors: LeBlanc Sarah Symonds
Published: July 2020

This narrative is a work of disconnect and connect during the morning of September 20, 2018. Around 10:04 a.m. my sister, Abby, told me that my mother had died that morning and was found by our brother, Andy. My narrative chronicles that morning from 10:04 a.m. through 10:35 a.m., and then summarizes most of the rest of the day. I ground this autoethnography in relational ethics, detailing how I grapple with writing about Dolly, my mother, my siblings, and others. I also detail how Dolly’s death affects my narrative inheritance. Using emotional recall, I use the terms “disconnect” and “connect” to demonstrate the modality of telling the news and how I slowly disconnected from reality, through the use of cellphones, trance-like states, changing scenery, and television watching, so that I could connect to the news and to others. I conclude with offering a mother-daughter canon.
ORGANIZING METHODICAL WORK BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF MAINTAINING TEACHERS’ GOOD PROFESSIONAL HEALTH IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: KUCHYNSKA Lilia
Published: July 2020

The article describes the scientific aspects of methodical work with pedagogical staff, the issue that is relevant in pedagogical theory and practice. It highlights the influence of the methodical work on the development of professional competence and maintenance of teachers’ good professional health in preschool educational institutions. It points out the important components of teacher’s professional competence influencing the effectiveness of pedagogical activity and the quality of the educational process in preschool educational institutions. The article reveals the essence of such main functions of methodical work as activity, subject, content, developmental, educational, prognostic, accompanying, researching, analytical, generalizing, expert, facilitative and controlling ones. It emphasizes the function that is aimed to maintain good professional health of pedagogical staff in preschool educational institutions.
It proves the necessity to develop a special model of methodical work, the key purpose of which is to maintain good professional health, to protect the pedagogical staff from stress at work and to develop teachers' readiness for recreational activity as one of the pedagogical conditions that is relevant nowadays.
The article analyzes the content and the essence of such concepts as: "methodical work", "professional competence", "maintaining good health" and "recreation".
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE MASTERS OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION TO INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY AS A SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGE
Authors: TSIUNIAK Oksana
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of future teachers' professional training in higher education institutions. In particular, the essence of the concept of "professional preparation of future masters of elementary education to innovative activity" is revealed. Based on the analysis of various interpretations of the essence of professional training, our own formulation of the definition is proposed. The author notes that "professional preparation of future masters of elementary education to innovative activity" is a system of organizational and pedagogical conditions, appropriate educational environment of higher education institutions and availability of educational and methodological support focused on forming the magistrands' professional readiness to innovative activity.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THE PROGRAM OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDRENS OF ROMANIA (2014–2020)
Authors: TSYBANUYK Oleksandra
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the features of the program of physical education of Romanian primary school students ‒ the presence of two subjects ‒ «Physical Education» and «Game and Movement» in primary education in Romania and identified the main provisions of the curriculum. The author emphasized that such a synthesis directly affects the specific training in shaping the health of students by educating the need for movement. In his opinion, «Game and Movement» provides a mandatory amount of physical activity for elementary schoolchildrens.
MODERN ASPECTS OF THE USE OF FOGGY TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: PROKOPENKO Alona
Published: July 2020

The article considers the issues of improving the managerial and educational activities of higher education institutions through the use of cloudy and foggy innovative technologies. The author of the article on the basis of the analysis of scientific, pedagogical and specialized literature proves the relevance of research in this direction. This scientific legacy presents Google services that are appropriate to use in the educational process to increase its effectiveness and efficiency, as well as the feasibility of organizing and implementing an educational and scientific laboratory of innovative technologies.
Low Base-Substitution Mutation Rate but High Rate of Slippage Mutations in the Sequence Repeat-Rich Genome of Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Kucukyildirim Sibel , Behringer Megan , Sung Way , Brock Debra A , Doak Thomas G , Mergen Hatice , Queller David C , Strassmann Joan E , Lynch Michael
Published: July 2020

We describe the rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations for the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a key model organism in molecular, cellular, evolutionary and developmental biology. Whole-genome sequencing of 37 mutation accumulation lines of D. discoideum after an average of 1,500 cell divisions yields a base-substitution mutation rate of 2.47 × 10−11 per site per generation, substantially lower than that of most eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, and of the same order of magnitude as in the ciliates Paramecium tetraurelia and Tetrahymena thermophila. Known for its high genomic AT content and abundance of simple sequence repeats, we observe that base-substitution mutations in D. discoideum are highly A/T biased. This bias likely contributes both to the high genomic AT content and to the formation of simple sequence repeats in the AT-rich genome of Dictyostelium discoideum. In contrast to the situation in other surveyed unicellular eukaryotes, indel rates far exceed the base-substitution mutation rate in this organism with a high proportion of 3n indels, particularly in regions without simple sequence repeats. Like ciliates, D. discoideum has a large effective population size, reducing the power of random genetic drift, magnifying the effect of selection on replication fidelity, in principle allowing D. discoideum to evolve an extremely low base-substitution mutation rate.
La cartografía coreográfica: el espacio, el no-lugar y su aporte
Authors: Durán-Barón Francisco
Published: July 2020

El presente ensayo analiza y relaciona el no-lugar, concepto desarrollado por Marc Augé, con los espacios contemporáneos de confluencia, su apropiación y la generación de propuestas escénicas, proponiendo el análisis y lectura de estos como actos semióticos para resignificarlos.
Nicaragua desde la danza: revolución y transformación
Authors: Picado-Rocha Roberto
Published: July 2020

Este ensayo busca compartir con ustedes una visión de la práctica personal de la danza en Nicaragua. Este es un escrito desde mi punto de vista, desde mi realidad y desde lo que me ha tocado hacer por mi pueblo, Nicaragua, en un antes y un después histórico con el triunfo de la revolución de 1979. Mi visión presenta un panorama d los cambios acaecidos en las artes a partir de dicho proyecto político.
The Probable Metapelite Nature of Sapphirine–Spinel and Garnet Gedritites of the Aulandzha Block of the Omolon Massif
Authors: Avchenko O.V. , Chudnenko K.V.
Published: July 2020

—Unique magnesian–aluminous ultrabasic sapphirine–spinel and garnet gedritites of the Aulandzha block were studied. The deepest part of the Archean Stage of the Omolon massif is exposed in this district. The gedritites differ strongly in petrochemistry and geochemistry from other metaultramafites of this block. The difference is in their enrichment in alumina, zirconium, barium, rubidium, hafnium, and uranium and depletion in calcium and heavy rare-earth elements. The oxidizing potential in the sapphirine–spinel assemblage, estimated by physicochemical modeling, showed high oxygen fugacity in these rocks, close to the value of the magnetite–hematite buffer, which was never observed in ancient granulite complexes. The above petro- and geochemical features of the gedritites of the Aulandzha block, having an isotopic age of 1.9 Ga, are explained by the fact that these rocks are probably the crust of weathering of the enclosing metaultramafites. If this hypothesis is true, then the above rocks may indicate that the oxygen potential on the Earth’s surface corresponded to the magnetite–hematite buffer as early as the Paleoproterozoic.
Stages of Volcanic Activity on the Southeastern Flank of the Sredinny Range (Kamchatka): Age, Geochemistry, and Isotopic Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks of the Akhtang and Kostina Mountain Massifs
Authors: Volynets A.O. , Pevzner M.M. , Lebedev V.A. , Kuscheva Yu.V. , Gol’tsman Yu.V. , Kostitsin Yu.A. , Tolstykh M.L. , Babansky A.D.
Published: July 2020

—We report the chemical and isotopic compositions of volcanic rocks of the Akhtang and Kostina mountain massifs in the Sredinny Range, Kamchatka. The analyzed rocks are similar in composition to the earlier studied volcanics of the eastern flank of the southern part of the Sredinny Range. Results of K–Ar isotope dating reveal three stages of volcanic activity in the two massifs. These stages are divided by long (1.4 and 2.4 Ma) periods of quiescence. In the Akhtang massif, the eruptive activity was at 4.9–4.0, 1.9–1.7, and 0.3–0.2 Ma, and in the Mt. Kostina massif, at ~8.0, 5.6–4.9, and ~3.5 Ma. Two early stages of both massifs are characterized by the eruption of island arc type rocks, and the late stage, by the eruption of rocks of hybrid geochemical type. The Mio-Pliocene (N1–N21) rocks of the Mt. Kostina massif are similar in geochemical features to the early Pliocene (N21) rocks of the Akhtang massif, and the late Pliocene (N22) lavas of the former massif are similar to the middle Quaternary (Q2) rocks of the superimposed monogenetic volcanism zone of the latter massif. For the Akhtang massif it has been first discovered that the volcanic reactivation after the long quiescence periods was accompanied by a change in the composition of rocks and in the type of eruptive activity (from the eruption of plateau-effusives rocks to the formation of stratovolcanoes and monogenetic volcanism zones). The obtained data on the age and composition of rocks as well as some morphological features of the studied massifs suggest that the plateau-effusive rocks of the Sredinny Range might be related to central-type eruptions.
МЕМОРІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ГОЛОКОСТУ В ОСТРОЗІ: МІСЦЯ І ПРОСТОРИ ПАМ’ЯТІ ТА (КО)МЕМОРАТИВНІ ПРАКТИКИ РОБОТИ З НИМИ
Authors: Semeryn Khrystyna
Published: July 2020

Під час Голокосту в містечку Острог на Рівненщині було знищено більшість єврейської спільноти, що становила від 64 до 70 % тодішнього населення й існувала з кінця XIV ст. Фактично, структуру міста було зруйновано, а його полікультурну історію – розірвано. Після війни тоталітарна політика совєтського режиму позбавляла матеріальні медії пам’яті про минуле соціокультурного змісту й автентичності. У статті розглянуто окремі місця пам’яті про Катастрофу, їх стан сьогодні, а також сучасні меморативні практики і форми роботи з ними. Давній Острозький єврейський цвинтар після війни було перетворено на совєтський парк відпочинку. Місце розстрілу острозьких євреїв спочатку визначали через формулу загальної ідентичності «жителів», без уваги до того, що нацисти переважно знищили саме євреїв через їхнє походження. Велика Синагога довгий час була складом, а відтак перетворилася на руїну. Могилу Маршуе спаплюжили, а поступово відновили тільки в період незалежності України. Звернуто увагу на різні форми вандалізму: викидання сміття, руйнування могил і сакральних споруд, «нацистські» графіті, якими досі паплюжать єврейську спадщину Острога. Позитивно, що основні місця пам’яті сьогодні відновлені або перебувають у стані реставрації, а робота з ними охоплює широкий спектр практик: перфоманси вшанування, реставрація й відбудування, освітні й туристичні заходи, опрацювання джерел, документів, мап, розшифрування текстів і написів, пошуки могил тощо. Не меншу вагу має вироблення відповідної адекватної політики, спрямованої на збереження пам’яті про втрачену ідентичність міста і міжкультурне порозуміння, розвиток толерантності й соціальної свідомості.
Initial Validation of GRASP: A Differential Diagnoses Algorithm for Children With Medical Complexity and an Unknown Source of Pain
Authors: Morse Brenna L. , Solodiuk Jean C. , Greco Christine D. , Mauskar Sangeeta , Hauer Julie
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Identifying the source of pain for children with medical complexity (MC) is challenging. The purpose of this study was the initial validation of a tool to guide the medical evaluation for identifying the source of pain in children with MC by using differential diagnoses. The tool is entitled Guidelines for Ruling Out and Assessing Source of Pain (GRASP).

METHODS:

A mixed-methods approach that included expert review, focus groups, Web-based surveys, and a trial of the GRASP was used to determine validity as well as perceived clinical utility.

RESULTS:

Focus groups were held with 26 inpatient and outpatient clinicians. Participants consistently responded in support of the GRASP. Participants advised several suggestions for tool organization such as designing the tool as a flow diagram. Seven clinicians participated in Web-based surveys and made specific suggestions for making the GRASP more comprehensive. Six participants trialed the GRASP for 14 children with MC and pain of unknown origin. Overall, participants found that the GRASP was a clinically effective tool for guiding medical evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results provide preliminary evidence that the GRASP has content and face validity in evaluating the source of pain in children with MC. This tool can be used to systematically guide clinicians through a balanced approach to evaluation with a goal of determining the pain source, preventing harm, and relieving suffering without unnecessary tests.
Transitioning Children With Medical Complexity From Hospital to Home Health Care: Implications for Hospital-Based Clinicians
Authors: Nageswaran Savithri , Sebesta Megyn R. , Golden Shannon L.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:

There is limited research about best practices for transitioning children with medical complexity (CMC) from hospital to home. Our objectives were to describe issues related to transitioning CMC from hospital to home health care and identify strategies to improve this transition.

METHODS:

This qualitative study was conducted in western North Carolina between 2012 and 2014 and involved a focus group of 14 hospital- and community-based stakeholders and 4 focus groups of 18 home health nurses. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and transcriptions were managed in ATLAS.ti software. By using content analysis, recurrent themes related to transitioning CMC from hospital to home were identified.

RESULTS:

Themes in 4 domains emerged. (1) Home health orders: home health care providers desired hospital-based providers to write accurate and specific orders, notify them in advance about discharge to order specialized supplies, and avoid changing orders at the last minute. (2) Communication: participants found discharge summaries useful but did not always receive them. Communication between hospital-based clinicians, home health care providers, and the child’s primary care physician about the hospitalization and home care was important. (3) Resources: home health care providers needed hospital-based clinicians to be a resource during the early period of transition home. (4) Caregiver preparation: participants emphasized caregiver preparation about medical care of CMC, home health nursing, and the differences between hospital and home care practices in the care of CMC.

CONCLUSIONS:

There are gaps in the system of transitional care of CMC. Potential strategies to improve transitional care of CMC between the hospital and home health care services exist.
Codesign and Usability Testing of a Mobile Application to Support Family-Delivered Enteral Tube Care
Authors: Cheng Christie F. , Werner Nicole E. , Doutcheva Nadia , Warner Gemma , Barton Hanna J. , Kelly Michelle M. , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Wagner Teresa , Finesilver Sara , Katz Barbara J. , Nacht Carrie , Coller Ryan J.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Enteral tubes are prevalent among children with medical complexity (CMC), and complications can lead to costly health care use. Our objective was to design and test the usability of a mobile application (app) to support family-delivered enteral tube care.

METHODS:

Human-centered design methods (affinity diagramming, persona development, and software development) were applied with family caregivers of CMC to develop a prototype. During 3 waves of usability testing with design refinement between waves, screen capture software collected user-app interactions and inductive content analysis of narrative feedback identified areas for design improvement. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index and the System Usability Scale quantified mental workload and ease of use.

RESULTS:

Design participants identified core app functions, including displaying care routines, reminders, tracking inventory and health data, caregiver communication, and troubleshooting. Usability testing participants were 80% non-Hispanic white, 28% lived in rural settings, and 20% had not completed high school. Median years providing enteral care was 2 (range 1–14). Design iterations improved app function, simplification, and user experience. The mean System Usability Scale score was 76, indicating above-average usability. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index revealed low mental demand, frustration, and effort. All 14 participants reported that they would recommend the app, and that the app would help with organization, communication, and caregiver transitions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using a human-centered codesign process, we created a highly usable mobile application to support enteral tube caregiving at home. Future work involves evaluating the feasibility of longitudinal use and effectiveness in improving self-efficacy and reduce device complications.
Children With Medical Complexity: The 10-Year Experience of a Single Center
Authors: Murphy Nancy A. , Alvey Justin , Valentine Karen J. , Mann Kilby , Wilkes Jacob , Clark Edward B.
Published: July 2020

Children with medical complexity (CMC) have chronic, multisystem health conditions, substantial health care needs, major functional limitations, and high resource use. They represent <1% of US children yet account for more than one-third of total pediatric health care costs. Health care systems designed for typical children do not meet the unique needs of CMC. In this special article, we describe the experience of our Comprehensive Care Program for CMC in a pediatric tertiary care center, from its launch in 2007 to its present model. We review the literature, describe our collective lessons learned, and offer suggestions for future directions.
Prevention of Health Care–Associated Infections in the NICU
Authors: Ramasethu Jayashree
Published: July 2020

Health care–associated infections in the NICU have serious consequences, including increased mortality, morbidity, hospital length of stay, and cost of care. Prevention of health care–associated infections is crucial for the survival and neurodevelopment of vulnerable infants and is an indication of quality of care. Although trials have been conducted with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, immunoglobulins, and lactoferrin to boost immunity in preterm infants with immature immune systems, the most efficacious measures are hand hygiene and the use of maternal breast milk. Prevention of health care–associated infections is not simple. It requires constant vigilance, attention to detail, and meticulous aseptic technique, all the time, every time. The decline in certain health care–associated infections such as central line–associated bloodstream infections shows that this can be accomplished, and what was once considered inevitable can be prevented.
Radial increment in European spruce (Picea abies) as indicator of sanitary condition of spruce forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Prykhodko N. F. , Parpan T. V. , Prykhodko M. M.
Published: July 2020

In recent years, there has been an intense desiccation of spruce forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians, where European spruce is the main forest-forming species. Over the recent years, desiccation has spread to the spruce forest stands which grow in the Carpathians at the height of over 1,000 m above the sea level. This process causes large economic losses, significant deterioration of the condition and productivity of the forests in the Carpathians, decrease in the level of provision of ecosystemic services by forests, functions they perform, therefore leading to dangerous exogenic processes (floods, freshets, erosion, mudflows, landslides). To determine the interaction between the radial increment and sanitary condition of the spruce stands and substantiate the measures of the use of drying spruce forests, in the Vysokohirsky forestry reserve district of the Ukrainian Carpathians in anti-erosion forests, in hotbeds of desiccation of spruce in 2018, dendrochronological surveys were undertaken in two monitoring plots in forests in weak and severely weakened condition. We collected cores from the model trees, measured width of the annual rings, and developed individual dendrochronologies according to the absolute values of the radial increments and generalized dendrochronologies according to the absolute values of the radial increments and increment indices of the duration of 97 (1921–2017) and 81 years (1937–2017). We conducted single-factor dispersion analysis, calculated the indices of abnormality of the radial increments and correlation coefficient. The results revealed that the lowest increments occurred in the years 1965–1990 in the weakened stand and in 1997–2017 in the severely weakened stand. The relative indices of the forests ranged 83.8–114.6%. The cycles of increment lasted 7–9 years. Over the last few decades, favourable conditions for the growth of the trees took place in 1991–2010, unfavourable in 2011–2017, very unfavourable in 1981–1990. Synchronicity of annual radial increments in the spruces of two monitoring plots equaled 49 years. Correlation coefficient indicates that the type of the conditions of growth location has a significant effect on its variability in the process of trees’ life cycle. Average radial increment of the weakened stand of trees over the last 10 years decreased by 7.9%, while it declined by 54.9% in the severely weakened stand compared with the average increments of the tree stands for the surveyed periods, suggesting that the forests undergo different stages of succession: the weakened stand undergoes the stage of recovery after disturbance, severely weakened forest – stage of disturbance. The studies revealed the dependence of radial increment of spruce on the sanitary condition of the forests. The results of the studies may be used for the assessment of dynamic processes in forest ecosystems as a result of the impact of various factors and planning of the forestry measures.
Problemy gospodarcze Polski w okresie wojny z bolszewikami – zarys problematyki
Authors: Podolska-Meducka Aldona
Published: July 2020

Objective: The article identifies the main economic problems Poland faced as a result of its military involvement in the 1919–1921 Polish-Soviet War.Research Design & Methods: Source material including legal regulations, statistical data and pre- and post-war literature were analysed.Findings: Financing military operations replete with supplies took a tremendous effort, and the consequent hardship was shouldered by all of Poland’s citizens. The situation weighed particularly heavily on rural populations, which were compelled to provide recruits and food for the army and civilians alike. The war ultimately ushered in a period of hyperinflation.Implications / Recommendations: War places a huge burden on state finances. It contributes to a greater state interventionism and imposes various obligations on the citizens.Contribution: The analysis of main problems of Polish economy during the Polish-Soviet War may be used for comparative purposes when studying similar issues in other countries.