bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placental T2-weighted MRI-based radiomics-clinical nomogram to predict postpartum hemorrhage of placenta previa
Authors: Lu Yanli , Yu Hongchang , Yin Hongkun , Yan Jun , Zhang Jibin , Yue Yongfei
Published: September 2024

Background

Placenta previa is an obstetric complication related to severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for the preoperative evaluation of postpartum hemorrhage.

Purpose

To investigate the value of MRI-based radiomics analysis in predicting postpartum hemorrhage among pregnant women with placenta previa.

Material and Methods

Preoperative T2-weighted MRI and related clinical data of 371 patients were retrospectively collected, and these patients were randomly allocated into two subsets: the training dataset (n = 260) and the validation dataset (n = 111). The logistic regression (LR) classifier was used for the development of the radiomics model and the calculation of the radiomics score (Radscore).

Results

A total of eight radiomics features and five clinical features were selected for model development. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the radiomics model in the training and validation datasets were 0.929 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.891–0.957) and 0.914 (95% CI = 0.846–0.959), respectively. Combined with clinical factors, nomograms demonstrated improved diagnostic efficacy, with an AUC of 0.968 (95% CI = 0.939–0.986) in the training dataset and 0.947 (95% CI = 0.888–0.981) in the validation dataset.

Conclusion

The MRI-based model has certain value in predicting postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with placenta previa.
Peak enhancement in contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessing endoscopic disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Lei , Hao Ruifang , Zou Leilei , Zhai Deyin , Wang Junlian , Jiao Ruining
Published: September 2024

Background

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been proposed as a valuable tool for detecting disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, previous studies have utilized different parameters, leading to variation in clinical assessment of this technique.

Purpose

To assess the effectiveness of peak enhancement (PE) in CEUS for evaluating endoscopic disease activity in patients with CD.

Material and Methods

Articles were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. Only studies that investigated the effectiveness of PE in CEUS to discriminate endoscopic disease activity in patients with CD were considered. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were then calculated using a random effects model.

Results

Overall, seven studies were included. The endoscopic disease activity of CD was determined based on the simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease and Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity scores. Pooled results showed that a high PE was associated with increased detection efficacy for endoscopic disease activity in CD. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71–0.96), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81–0.93), 7.60 (95% CI = 4.61–12.53), and 0.14 (95% CI = 0.05–0.35), respectively. The pooled receiver operating characteristic was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.87–0.92), suggesting a good discriminating efficacy of PE in CEUS for endoscopic disease activity of patients with CD.

Conclusions

A high PE in CEUS displayed substantial distinguishing accuracy for assessing endoscopic disease activity of patients with CD.
Hybrid convolutional neural network optimized with an artificial algae algorithm for glaucoma screening using fundus images
Authors: Eswari M. Shanmuga , Balamurali S. , Ramasamy Lakshmana Kumar
Published: September 2024

Objective

We developed an optimized decision support system for retinal fundus image-based glaucoma screening.

Methods

We combined computer vision algorithms with a convolutional network for fundus images and applied a faster region-based convolutional neural network (FRCNN) and artificial algae algorithm with support vector machine (AAASVM) classifiers. Optic boundary detection, optic cup, and optic disc segmentations were conducted using TernausNet. Glaucoma screening was performed using the optimized FRCNN. The Softmax layer was replaced with an SVM classifier layer and optimized with an AAA to attain enhanced accuracy.

Results

Using three retinal fundus image datasets (G1020, digital retinal images vessel extraction, and high-resolution fundus), we obtained accuracy of 95.11%, 92.87%, and 93.7%, respectively. Framework accuracy was amplified with an adaptive gradient algorithm optimizer FRCNN (AFRCNN), which achieved average accuracy 94.06%, sensitivity 93.353%, and specificity 94.706%. AAASVM obtained average accuracy of 96.52%, which was 3% ahead of the FRCNN classifier. These classifiers had areas under the curve of 0.9, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively.

Conclusion

Based on statistical Friedman evaluation, AAASVM was the best glaucoma screening model. Segmented and classified images can be directed to the health care system to assess patients’ progress. This computer-aided decision support system will be useful for optometrists.
Evaluation of systemic inflammation markers in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Bozdag Ahmet , Gundogan Bozdag Pinar
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate markers of systemic inflammation and the effect of thyroid dysfunction on these parameters in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT).

Methods

Patients with HT and volunteer healthy individuals admitted to the general surgery outpatient clinic between January 2020 and June 2023 were enrolled into the study. Patients with HT were divided into euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid subgroups. All participant data were retrospectively extracted from the hospital database.

Results

A total of 268 patients (euthyroid, n = 131; hypothyroid, n = 83; and hyperthyroid, n = 54) and 124 controls were included. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the euthyroid group versus control group, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in controls than the three patient subgroups. Euthyroid and hypothyroid patients with HT exhibited a higher systemic inflammation index than the control group. The pan-immune inflammation index was lower in controls than in euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid patients with HT. In patients with HT, inflammation markers did not significantly differ between subgroups.

Conclusions

Markers of systemic inflammation provide meaningful and reliable information in patients with HT, but do not differentiate between euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid patients.
Managing the innovation process of small and medium-sized enterprises: The important roles of reflecting and employee involvement
Authors: Lui Steven , Ozdemir Salih Zeki , Jackson Chris J. , Shinkle George A. , Walker Benjamin R.
Published: September 2024

How does the innovation process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) unfold, and how do SMEs manage the innovation process? These are important questions to answer because the context of SMEs presented unique benefits and challenges for innovation to occur. In this study, we interviewed owner managers and senior managers of 31 Australian SMEs about their innovation process and analyzed the data using NVivo. We delineated 10 managerial activities during SMEs’ innovation process: listening, searching, problematizing, challenging, choosing, steering, inspiring, communicating, resourcing, and tracking. Furthermore, we found that SMEs develop a dynamic capability of reflecting based on these activities and rely on employee involvement to resolve the conflicts arising from them. This article enriches our understanding on how dynamic capabilities and employee involvement contribute to the innovation process of SMEs.

JEL Classification: L2, M1, O3
The impact of financial literacy on financial inclusion
Authors: Reddy Krishna , Wallace Damien , Wellalage Nirosha Hewa
Published: September 2024

Using survey data of owners of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), we investigate the nexus between financial literacy (FL) and financial inclusion (FI). Furthermore, we examine whether the FL_FI nexus is different by gender. Our results show that FL has statistically significant positive effects on all three dimensions of FI (access, usage and quality). Our findings highlight policy implications for countries desiring to enhance FI by improving the financial literacy and education levels of MSME owners. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeted financial education programmes result in better outcomes.

JEL Classification: G10, G50, G53
Financing Indigenous entrepreneurs: A review and research agenda
Authors: De Gruyter Elaine , Gordon James , Qureshi Israr , Bhatt Babita , Mafico Nkosana
Published: September 2024

Empowering Indigenous communities through entrepreneurialism is touted as key for reducing Indigenous disadvantage, but little headway has been made. One core and persistent issue is difficulty accessing finance to support growth. To understand why and to guide future policy and research, we review the current state of research on Indigenous financing and develop a thematic framework around four themes: political-economic environment; antecedents to the financing decision; financial solutions; and financial preferences, decisions and outcomes. Indigenous entrepreneurs face unique intercultural, social and economic barriers to finance, and these need to be better understood to help accelerate Indigenous community development through entrepreneurial activity.

JEL Classification: G21; G28; J15; N20
A new superfamily of freshwater mussels Deccanoidea nov. (Mollusca: Unionida) from an intertrappean deposit of Saurashtra province (Gujarat state, western India): An example of disjunct distribution
Authors: Shah Nishi H. , Patel Satish J.
Published: September 2024

The Cretaceous-Palaeogene intertrappean deposits of the Deccan Volcanic Province of India comprise vertebrate, invertebrate and plant fossils of the dominantly continental realm. A 3–4 m thick shaly-sandstone lacustrine intertrappean sequence of Early Palaeogene (Palaeocene-Early Eocene) Bamanbor Formation, Chotila Basin (Saurashtra province, Gujarat State, western India) has yielded a collection of molluscans (bivalve and few gastropods) fauna. High-resolution digital photography and radiography of the recovered bivalves allowed us to gain detailed inferences on shell morphology. In a taxonomical context, we herein propose a new unionid molluscan superfamily Deccanoidea nov. represented by a single new family Deccanoidae nov. that includes two new subfamilies, that is, Deccanoinae nov. (represented by two new genera Deccanoida gen. nov. [including four new species: D. conrugis sp. nov., D. aleta sp. nov., and D. costaria sp. nov.] and Bamanboria gen. nov. [including one new species Bamanboria oblongis gen. et sp. nov.] and Chotiloinae nov. [represented by one new genus Chotilia gen. nov. and three new species: Chotilia trappeansis sp. nov., C. tuberculata sp. nov. and C. deccanensis sp. nov.]). Inorganic geochemistry of host (unionid-yielding) lithologies reveals oxic-freshwater conditions, humid-climate and moderate rainfall. The data on historical biogeography reveals that the Indian subcontinent hosted unionids during the late Cretaceous; however, the presence of new (at family/generic level) unionid fauna during the Early Palaeogene (Palaeocene-Early Eocene) in India indicates changes in the geographic position and ecologic condition linked to northward drift and lava outpouring, respectively. A disjunct distribution of unionid fauna in the erstwhile Gondwanan continents and insular India during the Cretaceous-Palaeogene interval can be explained in terms of both vicariance and dispersal.
Effect of processing parameters on degree of crystallinity and mechanical performance of CF/PEKK aerospace composites
Authors: Al-Dhaheri Mariam A. , Cantwell Wesley J. , Barsoum Imad , Umer Rehan
Published: September 2024

In this study, CF/PEKK composites were manufactured using hot press under different processing conditions above melting and cold crystallization temperatures of the polymer. The effect of different processing conditions on degree of crystallinity, as well as the viscoelastic and interfacial properties of the composite were examined. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique was used to study the crystallinity within CF/PEKK composites as a function of thermal history. The viscoelastic properties of a quasi-isotropic composite beam were determined using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) temperature sweep tests, and Short Beam Shear (SBS) tests were conducted at different temperatures to measure the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). DSC results indicated that increasing the temperature above melting temperatures of PEKK i.e. from 350°C to 400°C had an insignificant effect on degree of crystallinity, whereas increasing hold-time at these temperatures resulted in a reduction in degree of crystallinity of up to 21%. The DMA test results indicated that increasing the temperature above melting temperature resulted in an increase in storage modulus of up to 34%. Similarly, SBS test data showed that, increasing the hold time at 350°C increased the ILSS by 65%; however, increasing the temperature to 400°C did not enhance interlaminar properties.
Rainfall shocks and state repression: How rainfall shocks incentivize governments to commit human rights abuses
Authors: Appel Benjamin J , Smith Nathaniel C
Published: September 2024

We posit that rainfall shocks have an indirect effect on state repression through their impact on food production. Rainfall shocks are associated with reduced food production, which can generate grievances among the populace while also creating incentives for them to mobilize against the regime. In turn, governments employ repression to insulate themselves from these adverse climatic events. We also argue that this relationship is most pronounced in developing states. Analyses are conducted using causal mediation analysis on a global sample of states from 1992 to 2015. We find support for our argument; rainfall shocks have an indirect effect on repression by first reducing food production. We also find that rainfall shocks only have a systematic impact on state repression in developing countries.
Boric acid and zinc borate doped graphene hydrogels designed for burn treatment: In vitro viability-biocompatibility tests and microbiological analysis
Authors: Bayir Yasin , Erkayman Beyzagül , Albayrak Abdulmecit , Palabiyik-Yücelik Şaziye Sezin , Can Sümeyra , Hanci Hayrunisa , Tunç Fatih , Halici Hamza , Civelek Maide Sena , Sevim Melike , Yurdgülü Emir Enis , Metin Önder
Published: September 2024

Boron, an essential element for human, can be a key factor in wound healing. For this reason, in this study, role of boron products (boric acid and zinc borate) and boron product doped new synthesized graphene hydrogels was investigated for burn healing via in vitro viability-biocompatibility tests and microbiological analysis. It has been determined that boric acid and zinc borate are effective against microbial agents that are frequently seen in burns. In L929 mouse fibroblast cell line, BA, ZB and graphene hydrogels did not show any toxic effects, either alone or doped Graphene Hydrogel forms, except at very high doses. These substances showed antioxidant properties by protecting cells against H2O2 damage. The migration test performed on boron products also confirms the protective effect of boron products. In this study, the synthesis of graphene hydrogels was made for the first time, and their characterization was completed with appropriate instrumental analyses. The results of the biocompatibility tests of graphene hydrogels show that they are at least 96% biocompatible.
Controlling Behaviors Victimization and Perceptions of Space for Action Among Married Women and Men in Rural China: The Moderating Effect of Fear
Authors: Zhang Luyue , Kuo Shih-Ya
Published: September 2024

Victims of controlling behaviors in intimate relationships experience situations that diminish their space for action. That is, the more victims encounter controlling behaviors by their intimate partners, the less capacity they perceive for adaption to and making choices in daily life. This study explores the relationship between controlling behaviors victimization and space for action among married women and men in China. Most important, this study also examines the role that fear plays in this relationship, which so far has been uncommon. Using data collected from a community sample of 973 married individuals (women and men) with a mean age of 45.53 from a rural area in northern China, this study found a negative correlation between controlling behaviors victimization and space for action. When controlling for the variable of victim’s fear, the relationship between controlling behaviors victimization, and space for action differs by gender. The moderation analysis showed that controlling behaviors victimization was significantly and negatively associated with space for action when the female participants reported feeling fear, whereas the effect was not significant for male participants. These findings provide empirical evidence concerning the effect of controlling behaviors on victims’ freedom in rural China, highlighting a need for greater awareness of this social problem. The findings of this study may also be used to inform the development of programs and policies to improve victims’ safety and well-being in China.
An Examination of Hate-Motivated Behavior Among Adults in Scotland and Associations with Risk Factors for Self-Directed Violence
Authors: Russell Kirsten , Hunter Simon C. , Rasmussen Susan , Quirke Aideen , Cramer Robert J.
Published: September 2024

Hate-motivated behavior (HMB) ranges from microaggressions to criminal acts and is a public health concern with consequences for the physical and mental well-being of individuals, families, and communities. The Hate-Motivated Behavior Checklist (HMBC) was developed with the goal of advancing the measurement of HMB perpetration. To provide insights into perpetration and victimization across the HMB continuum in Scotland, the present study sought to examine the factor structure of both the original HMBC and our adapted victimization version in a sample of adults currently living in Scotland. It also aimed to test associations between HMB and cognitions, which are related to self-directed violence (defeat and entrapment). Participants ( n = 447) completed an online cross-sectional survey assessing demographic factors, HMB (perpetration and victimization), and perceptions of defeat and entrapment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the HMBC and the adapted victimization version of this checklist and path analyses were implemented to provide insights into potential links between HMB, defeat, and entrapment. In line with previous work, results provided support for interpreting the HMB Checklist as a single-factor total score. This was also true for the victimization version of the checklist. Results indicated that HMB victimization (but not perpetration) was associated with increased perceptions of defeat and entrapment. These findings suggest that the HMBC (for assessing both perpetration and victimization) represents potentially useful tools for HMB research and supports their applicability outside of an American context. Furthermore, by examining HMB through the lens of a contemporary model of suicidal behavior, our findings also provide insights into potential psychological mechanisms linking interpersonal and self-directed violence. Future research should implement prospective research designs and integrate measures of self-directed violence outcomes alongside HMB, defeat, and entrapment, to further advance understanding of this association.
Low Versus Standard Intensity Heparin Protocols in Adults Maintained on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Robinson Rachel C. , Taylor Ashley N. , Cato Amy W. , Patel Vijay S. , Waller Jennifer L. , Wayne Nathaniel B.
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients maintained on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) often require systemic anticoagulation to prevent circuit clotting and systemic thromboembolic complications. The optimal intensity of anticoagulation to balance the risk of bleeding and prevention of thrombotic complications in this patient population is not well described. Objective: To compare bleeding events in patients on ECMO anticoagulated with standard vs low intensity heparin protocols. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study included adult patients on VA- or VV-ECMO and anticoagulated with low or standard intensity heparin protocols. The primary outcome was the incidence of major bleeding; secondary outcomes included the incidence of minor bleeding, thrombotic complications, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, in-hospital mortality, time in therapeutic range, anti-Xa correlation with aPTT, intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay, oxygenator exchanges, and rate of protocol switching. Results: A total of 27 patients (14 low intensity, 13 standard intensity) were included. There were six major bleeding events in the low intensity group and four in the standard intensity group ( P = 0.69); there were four minor bleeding events in the low intensity group and five in the standard intensity group ( P = 0.69). Seven patients in the standard intensity group switched protocols; zero patients in the low intensity group switched protocols ( P = 0.002). There were no differences in any other outcomes. Conclusions: There was no difference in the incidence of any bleeding or thrombotic events when using a low vs standard intensity heparin protocol in patients on ECMO. A low intensity heparin strategy for patients on ECMO may be feasible and safe.
Liminality of Professional Identity and Caregiving Identity Among Women Professionals Working in Rural Development Nonprofits in India
Authors: Barhoi Poonam , Pathak Manan , Nambudiri Ranjeet
Published: September 2024

While the unique socioeconomic conditions of the Global South have created opportunities for women to work in rural development nonprofits, obstacles exist in the form of gendered social expectations. This study examines the experiences of women professionals working in rural development nonprofits who live in the liminality between “ideal professional identity” and “traditional caregiving identity.” We conducted in-depth interviews with 21 women professionals working in nonprofits in seven states of India. Our findings suggest that women professionals experience constant guilt in the liminality due to the conflicting obligations of caregiving and professional worker identities and their inability to justify both. We discuss how they use various performative practices and identity work, and sometimes engage in patriarchal bargaining to resolve the struggles arising from the conflicting obligations. Our study adds to the scarce research on women in the Global South working in rural development nonprofits and also discusses its practical organizational implications.
Computationally efficient modeling of load dynamics in turbocharged internal combustion engines
Authors: Laurén Mika , Goswami Giota , Lindh Tuomo , Sopanen Jussi
Published: September 2024

Hybridization of non-road mobile machinery offers benefits for energy efficiency and decarbonization tasks. Hybrid electric power trains combine combustion engines with electric machines and batteries. Thus, it is important to model engine dynamics accurately so that the operation of different kinds of power train systems can be controlled and optimized. This study compares several transfer function- and time-series-based methods to model dynamic torque in combustion engines. Models are compared with experimental data on real engines. A new simulation method called Dynamic Torque Limiter (DTL) is developed and validated. The DTL method employs both a time-based limitation parameter, which models the turbocharger lag, and a transfer function, which models the fuel injection dynamics of the typical engine.
Research on the efficiency analysis method of 9AT transmission planetary gear system based on power loss
Authors: Wu Shi , Xu Tiantian , Zhao Chengrui
Published: September 2024

As the core element of power transmission in Automatic Transmission (AT), the planetary gear system has advantages in the gear ratio range, load carrying capacity and transmission efficiency, and its transmission efficiency analysis is an important link in the design of automatic transmission.This paper proposes a method to analyze the transmission efficiency of planetary gear system of 9AT transmission considering power losses. Firstly, based on the hypergraph theory to establish the power transmission roadmap of each gear of the transmission (9AT) and the triangular hypergraph of the four-row planetary gear system, as well as the power flow model of the four-row planetary gear system without considering the power losses, and then the rotational speed, torque, and power change of each gear of the gear system are analyzed through the power spectrum. Secondly, a power flow model considering power losses and circulating power was established to analyze the influence law of different operating parameters (speed, torque, viscosity, gear meshing friction coefficient), and structural parameters (characteristic coefficients of each planetary row) on the transmission efficiency of the system. Finally, the equivalent planetary gear system transmission efficiency experimental bench considering losses is established to measure the transmission efficiency of the two-row planetary gear system at different speeds and torques, and the results of the experimental tests have the same trend with the theoretical calculations, which provides an analytical method to improve the transmission efficiency of the planetary gear system of the 9AT transmission.
Self-tuning neural network generalized predictive control and energy consumption optimization for electro-hydraulic composite steering system of commercial vehicle
Authors: Chen Xiang , Hou Kailong , Zhao Wanzhong , Wang Chunyan
Published: September 2024

Heavy commercial vehicles equipped with traditional power steering system are inadequate to balance steering portability, steering stability, and fuel economy. Therefore, an electro-hydraulic composite steering (EHCS) system that integrates electric power steering (EPS) system and electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) system has been proposed. However, since the system has two actuators with different characteristics, how to effectively track assistance, reduce steering torque fluctuations, and further reduce energy usage has become a focus. This paper proposes a self-tuning neural network generalized predictive controller based on improved fruit fly optimization algorithm to address the above issues. Firstly, the dynamic model is derived through an analysis of the structure and dynamic properties of the EHCS system. To address the problem of energy usage, this paper develops a double-swarm division and cooperation fruit fly optimization algorithm (DDCFOA) to achieve optimal distribution of steering assist torque. The neural network implicit stair-like generalized predictive controller (NNISGPC) is designed to control the output assistance of a nonlinear time-delay EHPS system, and the issue of steering torque fluctuations caused by hysteresis is addressed through the adoption of electric power compensation control. Simultaneously, using DDCFOA to optimize the neural network and achieve controller parameters self-tuning. Finally, a joint simulation verification is conducted with AMEsim and Simulink. The results indicate that the suggested approach can effectively enhance the tracking performance of assist control, reduce steering torque fluctuations, and minimize energy usage.
Analysis and optimization of time-varying meshing parameters of spiral bevel gear with consideration of load sensitivity
Authors: Cai Yunqing , Lu Jianwei , Theodossiades Stephanos , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Zhu Xuchen , Huang Xinlin , Wu Bofu , Jiang Ping
Published: September 2024

The dynamic response of automotive transmission systems is significantly influenced by the meshing behavior of spiral bevel gears, which are subject to load variations. This paper establishes a meshing model considering load sensitivity to explore the relevant meshing parameters of spiral bevel gears that change with load during the meshing process. Load-bearing Tooth Contact Analysis (LTCA) is then performed using this model to analyze the impact of loading torque on meshing parameters. The actual contact ratio calculation method is discussed, and the time-varying meshing stiffness curve of the gear pair can be obtained. The investigation demonstrates that the meshing stiffness is higher in meshing intervals with a larger contact ratio, which is vital for the robustness of gears under different loads. Based on these findings, an optimization strategy has been developed for the actual contact ratio of the gear pair. The manipulability of tooth surface geometry is leveraged to optimize the angle η between the contact trajectory of the gear tooth surface and the tooth root by adjusting the direction of the tooth surface contact path to achieve the goal of the contact ratio optimization, and the sensitivity of installation errors and friction before and after optimization are analyzed. Simulation results indicate a certain difference between the theoretical and actual contact ratio, and the introduction of the actual contact ratio into dynamic analysis will ensure the more accurate calculation. As the load increases, the actual contact ratio and time-varying meshing stiffness will be increased accordingly, leading to an improved load distribution coefficient and reduced fluctuation values of time-varying meshing stiffness, which promotes transmission stability. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the meshing behavior of spiral bevel gears under varying loading conditions. The findings offer valuable guidance and application for subsequent research on dynamic response of automotive transmission system.
Model reference adaptive control of electro-hydraulic servo system based on RBF neural network and nonlinear disturbance observer
Authors: Zhong Haifang , Liu Kailei , Qiang Hongbin , Yang Jing , Kang Shaopeng
Published: September 2024

For the electro-hydraulic servo systems (EHSS) subjected to parameter uncertainties and unknown load disturbances, a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) is proposed in this paper. Based on radial basis function neural networks (RBF NN) and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO), it ensures a high performance in tracking output to the reference model. Firstly, a nominal MRAC is developed using Liapunov theory. In addition, a RBF NN is constructed to approximate parameter uncertainty and other nonlinear functions online. Then, the NDO is devised to estimate the nonlinear terms containing unknown load disturbances and compensate for disturbance. Besides, the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed. Finally, the proposed controller is simulated and experimentally verified. According to the simulation results, the control method proposed in this paper is advantageous over other controllers in improving the accuracy of position tracking and enhancing the robustness of the system. Moreover, the superiority of this control method is demonstrated by the experimental results.
Financial Performance Evaluation of Small Finance Banks: A CAMEL Analysis
Authors: Bhatia Aparna , Mahendru Megha
Published: September 2024

Small finance banks (SFBs) are a special category of banks incepted by the Reserve Bank of India in 2015 to cater to the financial needs of the underserved population of the country with the aim of financial inclusion. They serve the priority sector and the unorganised sector of the country. This article analyses and evaluates the performance of these banks on the basis of various financial parameters such as capital adequacy, asset management, management quality, earning quality and liquidity derived from the CAMEL framework. Following a robust evaluation methodology, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA), a sample of all the SFBs operating in India to date is taken. As per the composite rating of CAMEL, results show that the majority of SFBs exhibit satisfactory performance. Utkarsh SFB Limited is ranked at the first position and is followed by Fincare SFB Limited on the second position. Jana SFB Limited stands at the last position amongst all the banks, preceded by ESAF SFB Limited. The results of DEA show average inefficiency among SFBs. The calculated efficiency scores of SFBs highlight that Capital SFB, Fincare SFB, Jana SFB, Shivalik SFB and Utkarsh SFB are the most efficient banks, with a technical efficiency score of 1. ESAF SFB has the lowest efficiency score. Scale inefficiency is the major reason for inefficiency. The study provides valuable insights to the authorities, managers and investors about the performance of these banks and gives them a future vision of the sustenance of these banks.
Making of Contemporary Indian Philosophy and Dilemmas of Demanded Change: A Critical Study of Swaraj in Light of Neo-Vedanta
Authors: Rajan
Published: September 2024

One of the legacies of Western philosophical thought has been its evolution through movements and slogans such as modernism, postmodernism, existentialism and analyticism. These popular intellectual standpoints have contributed to making Western culture more dialogical and progressive. However, in contrast, exploration of socio-philosophical movements within the Indian philosophical tradition, except for ancient times, remains relatively uncharted territory. Acknowledging this variance, the present article investigates the evolution of contemporary Indian philosophy during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It examines the core unifying principle that bound together eminent figures such as Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, K. C. Bhattacharyya and numerous others of their category, all classified as Neo-Vedantists. Precisely, the philosophy or movement under scrutiny is Swaraj, illuminated through the lens of Neo-Vedanta, presenting a distinctive perspective on human values and change.
Litigation Risk, Ownership Structure and Payout Policy: An Agency  Theory Perspective
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Hussain Shahzad , Bagh Tanveer , Malik Qaisar Ali , Ashfaq Rizwan
Published: September 2024

The study aims to investigate the relationship between litigation risk, ownership structure and payout policy in the light of agency theory. The study analyzed a data set of 690 non-financial Chinese firms spanning 2013–2021, by employing two-stage dynamic panel data methodology. The results reveal that litigation risk adversely impacts dividend payouts, while managerial ownership has a similar negative effect. Conversely, institutional and concentrated ownership exhibit positive associations with dividend yield. Furthermore, managerial and institutional ownership moderates the link between litigation risk and dividend payout ratio, while concentrated ownership strengthens this link. These findings confirm the presence of agency theory dynamics in emerging economies, providing valuable insights for corporate decision-makers, regulators and investors. By considering the moderating role of ownership structure, this research enhances our understanding of the multifaceted relationship between litigation risk and payout policy, facilitating better-informed strategic decisions and policy formulation. The study provides valuable implications for corporate managers and individual investors for constructing a diversified portfolio in the context of emerging economies.
Sleep and Immune System Crosstalk: Implications for Inflammatory Homeostasis and Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Singh Krishna Kumar , Ghosh Shampa , Bhola Anisha , Verma Prashant , Amist Aparajita Dasgupta , Sharma Hitaishi , Sachdeva Punya , Sinha Jitendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background

Sleep and immune function are interconnected aspects of health that mutually impact each other in disease development and inflammatory homeostasis. Different aspects of immunology are regulated by different sleep characteristics, impacting on specific aspects of immune function including cytokine production and T-cell activity. Ongoing disruptions of sleep have been linked to heightened inflammation and are suspected in the pathogenesis and disease course of a range of life-style-related illnesses, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of knowledge on the interaction of sleep with the immune system, its modulation of inflammatory balance, and the pathogenesis of many diseases. It emphasizes how sleep deficiency compromises immune function by means of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory response, while adequate sleep promotes intense immune responses and thus enables efficient pathogen clearance and the maintenance of immune memory. The mutual influence of sleep on the immune system underlines its critical involvement in health preservation and the course of disease.

Key Message

Sleep plays an indispensable role in immune health, mediating the efficiency of immune responses and the course of the regulation of inflammation. Chronic sleep deprivation can result in a low-grade inflammation that substantially contributes to the onset and exacerbation of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. The intimate linkage between sleep and immune function can be one strategic approach to therapy, improving health outcomes by leveraging this sleep-immune connection.
The Replacement of What? Artificial Intelligence, Creativity and (More-than-)Humanness
Authors: Fernandes Adalberto
Published: September 2024

The ongoing discourse regarding the potential substitution of human creativity by Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises questions about the essence of human nature. If the essence of humanity lies in creativity, and if AI can replicate this trait, it appears that creativity alone does not define what it means to be human. Rather than perceiving this as an ‘anthropological loss’ to be accepted or fought against, it can be viewed as an occasion to contemplate the human from a more-than-human perspective. By considering this perspective, it becomes evident that the definition of humanity has been a matter of dispute long preceding the recent advancements in AI. A theoretical approach to the relationship between AI, creativity and more-than-humanness is proposed as a way to show the possibilities that philosophy brings to counteract pessimistic approaches to the replaceability of the human by AI. By challenging the notion that humans are the sole proprietors of creativity, one can explore alternative forms of creativity beyond the human realm and consider how humans can facilitate their emergence.
Disseminated pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in a horse
Authors: Carpenter Alexis L. , Townsend Kile S. , Johnson Philip J. , Kim Dae Y.
Published: September 2024

An 8-y-old National Show Horse mare was presented for evaluation of pneumonia and laminitis. Harsh bronchovesicular sounds were auscultated throughout both lung fields, and the mare had signs of moderately painful laminitis. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed lung consolidation throughout the dorsal aspect of both lungs, and radiography revealed an extensive diffuse-to-patchy bronchointerstitial lung pattern. The mare’s clinical condition rapidly deteriorated, and euthanasia was elected. On postmortem examination, the lungs, omentum, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, and femur contained 0.5–2.5-cm, firm, tan nodules. Histologically, the lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, omentum, left eye, and femur were infiltrated by bundles and nests of pleomorphic polygonal-to-spindloid cells intermixed with frequent multinucleate cells. Lymphatic vessels in the affected tissues were frequently distended with tumor emboli. Neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for vimentin, desmin, sarcomeric actin, myoblastic differentiation protein 1, and myogenin, supportive of the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which is a rare neoplasm in horses. Cross-striations were not evident with H&E or phosphotungstic acid–hematoxylin stains. Markedly pleomorphic neoplastic cells, multinucleate cells, and lack of cross-striations suggested the subclassification of pleomorphic RMS.
Qualitative Research As “A Voyage of Discovery”: An Interview with Ann Langley on Synergies Between Teaching and Publishing on Qualitative Methods
Authors: Robinson Melanie A.
Published: September 2024

In this interview, Dr. Ann Langley draws on her extensive pedagogical and research experience to share insights on how she helps her students learn the fundamentals of qualitative research. In the closing commentary, I elaborate on two take-aways from this discussion. The first highlights the importance of experiential learning for nurturing the development of key skills related to qualitative data collection and analysis. The second centers on the ways in which Dr. Langley identifies and fuels the synergies between her teaching, research, and methods contributions. These reflections provide inspiration and concrete examples of how, as Dr. Langley describes, both pedagogical considerations and “practical experience where I have encountered challenges” can morph into important theoretical and methods pieces, with the potential to push a field forward.
Lifetime Prevalence of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Men With an Eating Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: MacNeil Brad A. , Baran Katie , Wilson Kyle , Boni Lucas , Bolch Charlotte
Published: September 2024

There is limited research examining men’s experiences of eating disorders and co-occuring conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the pooled lifetime prevalence of OCD in men with an eating disorder. Consistent with the PRISMA guidelines, 4 electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane) were searched on June 14, 2024. A total of 1045 articles were identified for screening using a combination of search terms to establish relevant studies examining the prevalence of OCD in men with an eating disorder. A total of 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis for OCD prevalence. Results showed that the pooled current lifetime prevalence of comorbid OCD was 11% (95% CI: 0.04–0.26). Clinicians should consider routine screening for comorbid OCD in men with eating disorders. Men with both conditions may benefit from treatment that concurrently addresses OCD during treatment for the eating disorder.
A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis to Examine the Utility of Histological Parameters Such as Mucosal Basal Plasmacytosis and Eosinophilia for Distinguishing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Non-IBD-Type Colitis
Authors: Bhowmik Shubham , Mehra Lalita , Ghosh Tamoghna , Akhtar Sagir , Tiwari Ashok , Dutta Rimlee , Kedia Saurav , Yadav Rajni , Makharia Govind K. , Ahuja Vineet , Das Prasenjit
Published: September 2024

Background and aim: Basic differentiation between an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-type colitis and a non-IBD type of colitis is the essential histological pre-requisite before further subclassifications are made. The combination of mucosal prominent eosinophilic cell infiltrate along with basal plasmacytosis is supposed to be a useful histological feature that can differentiate between IBD-type and non-IBD-type colitis. Hence, this systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to assess the reliability of mucosal basal plasmacytosis and eosinophilia for histological differentiation of IBD-type versus non-IBD-type colitis. Methods: We searched the PROSPERO, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from January 1, 2000 to July 30, 2022 for all types of studies (prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective studies) having histological features (including mucosal basal plasmacytosis, eosinophilia, and neutrophilic infiltration) in IBD and/or non-IBD colitis cases. Two reviewers extracted data, which were aggregated using random-effects models. Results: The 59 selected articles were evaluated for the predecided parameters. Both basal plasmacytosis and lamina propria plasmacytosis did not show any significant correlation between IBD-type and non-IBD-type colitis. The proportions for basal plasmacytosis with 95% CI were 0.50 (0.19-0.82) in IBD-type colitis and 0.46 (0.40-0.52) in non-IBD-type colitis, with a P value of .79. The proportion of lamina propria plasmacytosis with 95% CI was 0.67 (0.42-0.92) in IBD and 0.60 (0.35-0.85) in non-IBD-type colitis, with a P value being .7. Conclusions: This systematic review documented the dearth of published data on key histological features such as basal plasmacytosis and mucosal eosinophilia which are believed to differentiate between IBD-type and non-IBD-type colitis.
Laboratory Methods for a Pilot Study of the U.S. YouthShape Survey of Child and Youth Anthropometry and Physical Capability
Authors: Jones Monica L.H. , Ebert Sheila M. , Miller Carl S. , Park Byoung-Keon D. , Jung Hayoung , Wood Aaron , Robinson Leah E. , Reed Matthew P.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the range of body sizes and shapes among children is critical for the design of products and systems to ensure safe and effective use and other safety considerations to reduce the risk of injury. The availability of useful data for youth is even more limited than for adults. To address this gap, methods were developed to gather detailed, integrated, three-dimensional (3D) data on anthropometry and to characterize the physical capability of children from ages 3 through 17 years. This paper provides an overview of the methods developed in a pilot study.
Motivating Climate-Adaptation Actions in Dutch Private Gardens: Developing an Effective Communication Tool
Authors: Weppelman Ineke , Patuano Agnès
Published: September 2024

In the effort to adapt the urban environment to climate change, motivating residents is key. Various communication guidelines have been proposed in the literature, but few have been tested in practice. This study reports on the development and use of an interactive communication tool based on these guidelines; this tool aimed to motivate climate-adaptation actions in private gardens through increasing self-efficacy. After using the tool, participants showed a significant increase in their willingness to act for climate adaptation. On this basis, some recommendations can be formulated to promote effective communication able to motivate action.
Visual Communications Curriculum for the 21st Century: A Longitudinal Assessment of a Communication Design Program
Authors: Wagler Adam , Krcmarik Katie
Published: September 2024

As media evolves, a corresponding evolution is needed in visual communication education. This research explores an adaptation of curricula developed for the 21st century. The program introduces desirable difficulties, emphasizing reframing challenges and aligning coursework with future media careers. Through 5 years assessing a communication design program, four key findings emerged: getting students beyond their comfort zones, integrating iterative evaluation processes, cultivating a growth-centric environment, and emphasizing connections to careers. The communication design program’s iterative nature reinforces industry responsiveness, suggesting structured yet experimental approaches foster student growth and confidence in meeting evolving challenges in media education.