bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building and legalizing the speed test for the two men and the speed of rolling, then the accuracy of scoring the maximum performance of young football players in Maysan Province
Authors: Amjad Abdul-Hameed Badir Al-Majid, Saif Kareem Niama Salah
Published: March 2024

The research included four chapters, as the first chapter contained an introduction and the importance of the research, and the researchers touched on the importance of testing and measurement in the sports field, especially football, as well as a focus on testing the strength distinguished by the speed of the legs and rolling, then the accuracy of scoring the maximum performance, and the importance of the research came in building and coding the strength test Characterized by the speed of the two men and the rolling, then the accuracy of scoring the maximum performance of the young football players in Maysan Governorate, either the research problem lies in that there is a lack of physical and skill tests for young football players, either areas of research have included the human field that represents young players in Maysan Governorate, ages (17-19) years for the sports season (2018-2019), and the temporal field is specified for the period from (10/10/2018) to (1/3/2019), as the spatial field was the stadium of the Tigris Sports Club for soccer in the governorate of Maysan, and the researchers used the descriptive approach using the method of standard studies, and the research sample consisted of (230) youth soccer players, and the two researchers applied the procedures for building the strength test characterized by velocity for shaking Softening and rolling, then accurate scoring with maximum performance, and the SPSS system was used to get the results of the research, and the researchers concluded in reaching a construction and legalization of the strength test for speed for the two men and rolling, then accuracy of scoring with maximum performance for young football players in Maysan Governorate, and the researchers recommend it necessary Building other complex physical and skill tests on youth soccer players, because of its importance in identifying their levels and in a way that enhances their level of physical and skill performance
YOLOLayout: Multi-Scale Cross Fusion Former for Document Layout Analysis
Authors: Gao Zhangchi , Li Shoubin
Published: March 2024

Document layout analysis (DLA) is a technique used to locate and classify layout elements in a document, such as Table, Figure, List, and Text. While deep-learning-based methods in computer vision have shown excellent performance in detecting Text and Figures, they are still unsatisfactory in accurately recognizing the blocks of List, Title, and Table categories with limited data. To address this issue, we propose a single-stage DLA model that incorporates a Multi-Scale Shallow Visual Feature Enhancement Module (MS-SVFEM) and a Multi-Scale Cross-Feature Fusion Module (MS-CFF). The MS-SVFEM extracts multi-scale spatial information through the channel attention module, spatial attention module, and multi-branch convolution. The MS-CFF fuses different level features through an attention mechanism. The experiments showed that the mAP accuracy of YOLOLayout compared to the baseline model is 2.2% and 1.5% higher on the PubLayNet Dataset and the ISCAS-CLAD dataset.
Ciència recreativa a la natura: Una visió sobre el terreny
Authors: Boada Marc
Published: March 2024

Aquesta col·laboració té com a objectiu reflexionar sobre la ciència recreativa a l’aire lliure i les seves relacions amb l’ensenyament, la divulgació científica, el col·leccionisme o el turisme geològic. Es proposa una visió radical sobre l’experimentació científica fora de l’àmbit acadèmic, amb més varietat de tècniques, processos i materials, emfatitzant la importància de l’«objecte», sovint d’origen natural, com a motivador de la percepció, de l’observació fina i de la curiositat científica. També es considera breument l’efecte que pot tenir sobre el medi natural i es planteja la necessitat de trobar un equilibri entre pressió humana i respecte de l’entorn. Finalment, se suggereix la incorporació d’activitats de ciència recreativa en cases de colònies, hotels rurals i allotjaments a la natura i fins i tot en espais específics, com a lleure que reclama la societat del coneixement.
Breu història de la física recreativa: Una disciplina amb un passat esplendorós i un futur prometedor
Authors: Garcia-Molina Rafael
Published: March 2024

Una manera de fomentar l’interès de les persones per la física és posar-les en contacte amb experiències gratificants que estimulen la seua curiositat i, alhora, les induïsquen a buscar l’explicació dels fenòmens observats. Aquestes experiències han d’estar relacionades amb l’entorn quotidià, per a mostrar que es pot accedir a coneixements físics bàsics, però de gran abast, sense necessitat d’equipaments sofisticats. Per a tal propòsit, la física recreativa combina la ciència amb l’entreteniment i la divulgació, mitjançant experiments i jocs accessibles per a persones de totes les edats i nivells de formació. En aquest article recorrem les obres, els autors i les activitats de física recreativa més destacables, per a mostrar com ha evolucionat aquesta disciplina al llarg dels segles i quina n’és la situació actual.
Effects of Transition Curves and Superelevation on the Critical States of Truck Rollovers on Sharp Curves
Authors: Chen Junxian , Wang Yonggang
Published: March 2024

Sharp curves are vulnerable sections for rollover accidents. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of transition curve and superelevation on the critical speed and critical braking distance of truck rollovers. Using different transition types (spiral, Bloss and Grabowski curve) and different superelevation values (6%, 120 m transition length and 8%, 160 m) as variables, experiments of constant speed driving and hard braking were simulated and conducted by Trucksim. Conclusions regarding the influence of these road design factors on the stability of vehicles were then proposed. Grabowski curve allowed for the maximum critical rollover speed. The difference in critical rollover speed between different transition types was only determined by the length of the transition section. Simply extending the length of the transition section increased the critical rollover speed of spiral curve, at the same time decreasing the critical speed of Bloss and Grabowski curve. Hard braking experiments showed completely different characteristics. As the initial speed increased, only spiral curve became safer. Increasing superelevation made the braking behaviour of the vehicle more dangerous and fraught with uncertainties due to different target speed, starting curvature and changing superelevation. Based on these findings, a number of useful recommendations for drivers and road designers were put forward.
The influence of early moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal diet on offspring DNA methylation: a cross-species study
Authors: Bestry Mitchell , Larcombe Alexander N. , Kresoje Nina , Chivers Emily K , Bakker Chloe , Fitzpatrick James P , Elliott Elizabeth J , Craig Jeffrey M , Muggli Evelyne , Halliday Jane , Hutchinson Delyse , Buckberry Sam , Lister Ryan , Symons Martyn , Martino David
Published: March 2024

Alcohol consumption in pregnancy can affect genome regulation in the developing offspring but results have been contradictory. We employed a physiologically relevant murine model of short-term moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) resembling common patterns of alcohol consumption in pregnancy in humans. Early moderate PAE was sufficient to affect site-specific DNA methylation in new-born pups without altering behavioural outcomes in adult littermates. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of neonatal brain and liver revealed stochastic influence on DNA methylation that was mostly tissue-specific, with some perturbations likely originating as early as gastrulation. DNA methylation differences were enriched in non-coding genomic regions with regulatory potential indicative of broad effects of alcohol on genome regulation. Replication studies in human cohorts with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder suggested some effects were metastable at genes linked to disease-relevant traits including facial morphology, intelligence, educational attainment, autism, and schizophrenia. In our murine model, a maternal diet high in folate and choline protected against some of the damaging effects of early moderate PAE on DNA methylation. Our studies demonstrate that early moderate exposure is sufficient to affect fetal genome regulation even in the absence of overt phenotypic changes and highlight a role for preventative maternal dietary interventions.
Boosting biodiversity monitoring using smartphone-driven, rapidly accumulating community-sourced data
Authors: Atsumi Keisuke , Nishida Yuusuke , Ushio Masayuki , Nishi Hirotaka , Genroku Takanori , Fujiki Shogoro
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive biodiversity data is crucial for ecosystem protection. The Biome mobile app, launched in Japan, efficiently gathers species observations from the public using species identification algorithms and gamification elements. The app has amassed >6 million observations since 2019. Nonetheless, community-sourced data may exhibit spatial and taxonomic biases. Species distribution models (SDMs) estimate species distribution while accommodating such bias. Here, we investigated the quality of Biome data and its impact on SDM performance. Species identification accuracy exceeds 95% for birds, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians, but seed plants, molluscs, and fishes scored below 90%. Our SDMs for 132 terrestrial plants and animals across Japan revealed that incorporating Biome data into traditional survey data improved accuracy. For endangered species, traditional survey data required >2000 records for accurate models (Boyce index ≥ 0.9), while blending the two data sources reduced this to around 300. The uniform coverage of urban-natural gradients by Biome data, compared to traditional data biased towards natural areas, may explain this improvement. Combining multiple data sources better estimates species distributions, aiding in protected area designation and ecosystem service assessment. Establishing a platform for accumulating community-sourced distribution data will contribute to conserving and monitoring natural ecosystems.
The relationship between gut and nasopharyngeal microbiome composition can predict the severity of COVID-19
Authors: Martin-Castaño Benita , Diez-Echave Patricia , García-García Jorge , Hidalgo-García Laura , Ruiz-Malagon Antonio Jesús , Molina-Tijeras José Alberto , Rodríguez-Sojo María Jesús , Redruello-Romero Anaïs , Martínez-Zaldívar Margarita , Mota Emilio , Cobo Fernando , Díaz-Villamarin Xando , Fernández-Varón Emilio , Alvarez-Estevez Marta , García Federico , Morales-García Concepción , Merlos Silvia , García-Flores Paula , Colmenero-Ruiz Manuel , Ruiz-Sancho Andrés , Nuñez María , Rodríguez-Cabezas María Elena , Carazo Ángel , Martín Javier , Morón Rocío , Rodríguez-Nogales Alba , Galvez Julio
Published: March 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that displays great variability in clinical phenotype. Many factors have been described to be correlated with its severity but no specific determinants of infection outcome have been identified yet, maybe due the complex pathogenic mechanisms. The microbiota could play a key role in the infection and in the progression and outcome of the disease. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with nasopharyngeal and gut dysbiosis and higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens.To identify new prognostic markers for the disease, a multicenter prospective observational cohort study was carried out in COVID-19 patients that were divided in three cohorts according to their symptomatology: mild (n=24), moderate (n=51) and severe/critical (n=31). Faecal and nasopharyngeal samples were taken and the microbiota was analysed.Microbiota composition could be associated with the severity of the symptoms and the linear discriminant analysis identified the genera Mycoplasma and Prevotella as severity biomarkers in nasopharyngeal samples, and Allistipes , Enterococcus and Escherichia in faecal samples. Moreover, M. salivarium was defined as a unique microorganism in COVID-19 patients’ nasopharyngeal microbiota while P. bivia and P. timonensis were defined in faecal microbiota. A connection between faecal and nasopharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19 patients was also identified as a strong positive correlation between P. timonensis (faeces) towards P. dentalis and M. salivarium (nasopharyngeal) was found in critically ill patients.This ratio could be used as a novel prognostic biomarker for severe COVID-19 patients.
Adopting or Dodging the Heroic Model: Professional Trajectories of Estonian Women Architects
Authors:   Institute of Art History and Visual Culture, Estonian Academy of Arts, Estonia, Ruudi Ingrid
Published: March 2024

The article focuses on gender-specific experiences of Estonian women architects in the late Soviet and post-Soviet Estonia. Architecture has been, and to a great extent still remains, a rather masculinist field, adhering to an image of heroic individualist creative genius and supporting a very demanding and uncompromising work culture. These preconceptions often make it complicated to forge different career paths or to appreciate alternative or more cooperational modes of practice. The article asks if and to what extent the unwritten rules and prejudices have affected Estonian women architects’ experiences in studying architecture, establishing their careers, combining the responsibilities of professional and private lives, and building up their image as (women) designers in a general sense. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 professional architects aged 33–92, the article also highlights the differences and similarities of practising architecture as a woman in the Soviet and post-Soviet social and economic contexts, mapping them onto findings of international feminist research in the context of both Western Europe and the former Eastern Bloc. Additionally, the article refers to the productive possibilities of oral history as a method to complement and challenge the conventional architecture historical writing as well as the intersubjective character of the narratives thus constructed.
Genome-wide identification, subcellular localization, and expression analysis of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein family reveals the candidates involved in flowering and yield regulation of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Authors: Nie Mengping , Li Li , He Cailin , Lu Jing , Guo Huihui , Li Xiao’an , Jiang Mi , Zhan Ruiling , Sun Wenjun , Yin Junjie , Wu Qi
Published: March 2024

Background

PEBP (phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein) is widely found in eukaryotes including plants, animals and microorganisms. In plants, the PEBP family plays vital roles in regulating flowering time and morphogenesis and is highly associated to agronomic traits and yields of crops, which has been identified and characterized in many plant species but not well studied in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.), an important coarse food grain with medicinal value.

Methods

Genome-wide analysis of FtPEBP gene family members in Tartary buckwheat was performed using bioinformatic tools. Subcellular localization analysis was performed by confocal microscopy. The expression levels of these genes in leaf and inflorescence samples were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results

Fourteen Fagopyrum tataricum PEBP (FtPEBP) genes were identified and divided into three sub-clades according to their phylogenetic relationships. Subcellular localization analysis of the FtPEBP proteins in tobacco leaves indicated that FT- and TFL-GFP fusion proteins were localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Gene structure analysis showed that most FtPEBP genes contain four exons and three introns. FtPEBP genes are unevenly distributed in Tartary buckwheat chromosomes. Three tandem repeats were found among FtFT5/FtFT6, FtMFT1/FtMFT2 and FtTFL4/FtTFL5. Five orthologous gene pairs were detected between F. tataricum and F. esculentum. Seven light-responsive, nine hormone-related and four stress-responsive elements were detected in FtPEBPs promoters. We used real-time PCR to investigate the expression levels of FtPEBPs among two flowering-type cultivars at floral transition time. We found FtFT1/FtFT3 were highly expressed in leaf and young inflorescence of early-flowering type, whereas they were expressed at very low levels in late-flowering type cultivars. Thus, we deduced that FtFT1/FtFT3 may be positive regulators for flowering and yield of Tartary buckwheat. These results lay an important foundation for further studies on the functions of FtPEBP genes which may be utilized for yield improvement.
Camparative Study of the Physical Parameters in DMBA Induced Oral Carcinoma Rat Model and Herbal Extract FED Oral Carcinoma Rat Model
Authors: Shukla A. , Sharma V. K.
Published: March 2024

Cancer, a multifactorial disorder, arises due to defect in genetic makeup and exposure to unfavourable environmental conditions. Oral cancer, a life-threatening cancer worldwide, arises in the oral cavity due to ill-habits such as tobacco smoking and chewing. Monitoring body weight is an essential aspect of any preclinical study, including DMBA-induced oral carcinoma rat models and models with potential therapeutic interventions like Zingiber and piper feeding. Changes in body weight, feeding, water intake can provide valuable insights into the general health and physiological effects of the experimental conditions.
Comparison of the Outcome of Surgery and Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Early Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: Saha Bashudeb Kumar , Islam Md. Ashraful , Rumi Shaikh Nurul Fattah
Published: March 2024

Background: The most prevalent disease to afflict the head and neck region is laryngeal cancer. The early stage of this disease, T1T2N0M0, has a higher chance of recovery than the other phases. Radiation therapy and surgery are its therapeutic techniques.

Objective: To Compare the outcome of surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of early carcinoma of the larynx

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary hospital Dhaka from January 2022 to January 2023. Where A total of 200 Patients of carcinoma of the larynx are evaluated properly by detailed history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigation. During the study two groups of patients were dealt separately; Group-1: Surgery using LASER, n=100 and Group-2: radiotherapy, n=200. All the patients were followed up after 2 weeks, 1 month and then three monthly for one year.

Results: During the study, supraglottis carcinoma was found in 65% of radiotherapy group and 70% in surgery group, glottic carcinoma was 35% & 30%, respectively in radiotherapy and surgery group. No case found with subglottic carcinoma. Where in surgery group 7% patients had haematoma, 5% patients had seroma & pharyngeal stenosis. In radiotherapy group 2.5% Severe radiation necrosis of skin & 3% had Respiratory distress following radiotherapy. . In the radiotherapy group, 25% cases were scored as normal and 45% as good. For the surgery group, 40% patients had good voice and speech, 35%r had moderate voice and speech, and 5% had poor voice and speech. This difference was statistically significant (p=.001). 14% of the irradiation group had a primary site recurrence compared with 20% in the surgery group at 12th months. There was a significant difference in the pattern of recurrence in the neck between the two treatment groups. Only 5% of those who were treated with irradiation had a recurrence in the neck. 14% of patients in the surgery group had a recurrence in the neck; this difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions: When treating early laryngeal cancer, radiation therapy and surgery are equally successful. However, patients who had radiation therapy had much improved speech and voice quality compared to those who received surgery.
Prevalence and Outcome of Paediatric Domestic Accidents in a Tertiary Health Facility in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okari T.G  , Wonodi W.
Published: March 2024

Background: Unintentional injuries occurring in or within the vicinity of the home resulting in temporary or permanent health impairment are largely preventable. However, they are contributors to childhood morbidity and could lead to mortality in severe cases.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern and outcome of domestic injuries among children admitted into the Children’s Emergency Room (CHER) in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).

Methods: This was a 5-year retrospective study of 179 children with domestic injuries admitted into the children’s emergency unit from January 2017 to December 2021. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, cause, type and outcome of domestic injuries were collected from their medical records and analyzed with SPSS version 23.

Results: A total of 3987 children aged < 18 years were admitted into CHER. Out of these, 179 (4.48%) children had injuries from domestic accidents. Majority of them 89 (46.9%) were under-fives and males 108 (60.3%). Three commonest causes of home accidents were falls 52 (29.1%), burns 44 (24.6%) and mechanical trauma 32 (17.8%). Common domestic injuries observed in the study were burns (24.6%), head injuries (20.7%), ingestion of poisonous substances (13.4%) and lacerations (11.7%). Burns injuries were significantly more prevalent among females and poisoning among males. Incidents of poisoning was significantly more prevalent among under-fives (21.4%) and animal bites (13.7%) among older children, (p value < 0.05). The mean duration of admission in the emergency room was 1.27 ± 1.90 days. Three children (1.7%) died in the emergency room and all mortalities occurred within 48 hours of admission.

Conclusion: Although the prevalence of domestic injuries among children in this study was low, parents, caregivers and the government can institute measures to further curb its incidence.
A Sustainable Approach to Combat Micronutrient Deficiencies and Ensure Global Food Security through Biofortification
Authors: Rai Dipti , Chaudhary Charul , Khatak Aneeta , Banyal Sonika
Published: March 2024

Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in essential vitamins and minerals, pose a significant public health challenge, affecting over two billion people worldwide. These deficiencies contribute to various health issues, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity, ultimately hindering social and economic progress. Biofortification, a process of enhancing the nutritional content of staple crops through conventional breeding or genetic engineering, has emerged as a promising and sustainable approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies and ensure global food security. This review explores the potential of Biofortification as a cost-effective and sustainable solution to address hidden hunger and improve the nutritional status of vulnerable populations. Biofortification offers several advantages over traditional interventions, such as supplementation and food fortification. By targeting staple crops consumed by the majority of the population, Biofortification ensures a wide reach and sustained nutrient intake without requiring significant changes in dietary habits. Moreover, biofortified crops can be grown locally, reducing the reliance on external interventions and empowering farmers to improve their nutritional status and livelihoods. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bio fortified crops in increasing micronutrient intake and improving health outcomes. For instance, iron-biofortified pearl millet has been shown to increase iron absorption and reduce anemia prevalence in children, while zinc-biofortified wheat has improved zinc status and reduced stunting. Additionally, vitamin A-biofortified sweet potato and cassava have significantly increased vitamin A intake and reduced vitamin A deficiency in various populations.

Despite the promising results, the success of Biofortification relies on several factors, including the development of nutrient-dense varieties, consumer acceptance, and effective dissemination strategies. Collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders is essential to scale up Biofortification efforts and ensure their long-term sustainability. By prioritizing Biofortification as a key strategy in combating micronutrient deficiencies, we can work towards a more nourished and food-secure world.
Wood Degrading Enzymes and their Decay Strength: A Review
Authors: Anand Priya , Rani Phulan
Published: March 2024

The degradation of wood is a major point of concern in the economy. The microbes that degrade the wood release various enzymes that decay the wood. In the present review article, we have collected the data for various decay strengths of different decay enzymes released by the various microbes from several peer-reviewed articles. The fungus basidiomycetes and some wood-degrading bacteria are responsible for the degradation of wood. The degraded wood is a major loss to the economy timber decay and many more. The degradation of wood or wood decay is also a major loss to the ecosystem by losing some precious plant species. Various data mining techniques have been used in this review to collect the data from the publications. The data in this article covers the various fields, the Name of the plant being degraded, the name of the wood degrading microbe, the Enzyme released by the microbe, the Decay strength of that enzyme, and the total loss to the economy by that decay. The unwanted decay of plant wood can be minimized if the causative agent and the enzyme released by it are found.
Hermaphroditism in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa): A Review
Authors: Sharma Shashi K.
Published: March 2024

Actinidia, the kiwifruit is approximately 20 to 26 million years old. It is known widely for its dioecious nature; hermaphroditism has also been found to exist in its male inconstant type. Floral development in this plant species progresses through seven unique stages, following the conventional (A) BCE floral model. Male parts of the flower develop early during the third stage, whereas, the degeneration of these parts (pollens) in female plants occurs during later stages owing to programmed cell death. After exploring the sex-linked segment of the kiwifruit genome, the researchers have determined that the Y-encoded sex-determinant genes Shy Girl (SyGl) and Friendly Boy (FrBy) act independently as the suppressors of feminization and promoters of male factors, respectively. Non-expression of SyGl in males results in the formation of hermaphrodites; yet, masculine behaviour has been reported to develop in this fruit crop with plunking of FrBy gene into the female plants. These findings have created new avenues for generating horticulturally important self-pollinating hermaphrodite vines, eliminating the need to waste orchard space on non-fruiting male varieties.
Plant Growth Regulators and Rooting Media: A Viable Approach for Growth and Performance of Citrus
Authors: Guchhait Pritam , Varma Suraj , Banerjee Dhrubajyoti , Kumar Sandeep , Halder Rajdip , Dahiya Ankit
Published: March 2024

Plant growth regulators accompanied with appropriate growth medium can boost up the growth and performance of plants to a greater extent. PGRs such as auxin, gibberellin and cytokine play an exaggerative role in growth and development of the citrus. Moreover, the study reflects a clear overview of the impact of PGRs and different growth media to encourage rooting percentage, number of leaves, survival percentage, sprouting time, and root length of citrus cuttings. Citrus is a versatile fruit crop having a huge number of varieties, cultivars, and species; comes in different colours and flavours. Although, there are different methods used in the multiplication of citrus plant which includes budding, grafting, cutting, air layering, etc. However, propagation by cutting technique is the most commercial and farmer’s friendly approach. Different elements such as concentration of PGRs, age of plants and environmental factors are responsible for the successful growth of the citrus cuttings. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) are the two types of auxin, which are most commonly utilized in citrus propagation. Rooting medium plays a crucial role in the supply the minerals and availability of water in citrus. An absolute rooting medium must have more enough nutrients and water holding capacity with better drainage as well as sufficient air spores for excellent gaseous exchange that fruitfully influence the rooting ability and also have a profound effect on growth and development in citrus cutting. The best time for cutting of citrus stems is in between the July and August.
Impact of polypharmacy and the use of medicines associated with the risk of falls in the elderly / Impacto da polifarmácia e o uso de medicamentos associados ao risco de quedas de idosos
Authors: Soares Cristiane Regina , Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: associar a polifarmácia e as classes medicamentosas com o risco de quedas de idosos. Método: estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado em um ambulatório na cidade de São Paulo – SP, com 117 idosos, no período de março a novembro de 2019. A coleta dos dados foi realizada pela transcrição integral dos receituários e pela Escala de Risco de Quedas de Downton. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o Mann-Whitney e o Qui-Quadrado, sendo considerado um nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: o risco de quedas apresentou correlação significativa com o número de medicamentos, média de seis ao dia (p<0,0001) e as classes medicamentosas, os anti-hipertensivos (p<0,0001), os antidiabéticos orais (p=0,027), os diuréticos (p<0,0001) e os antidepressivos (p=0,042). Conclusão: portanto, ressalta-se a importância da avaliação dos fatores relacionados ao aumento do risco de quedas, para planejar e implementar estratégias no cuidado da saúde do idoso.
Molecular simulation of separation of CO2 from flue gases in CU‐BTC metal‐organic framework
Authors: Yang Qingyuan , Xue Chunyu , Zhong Chongli , Chen Jian‐Feng
Published: September 2007

In this work, a computational study was performed on the adsorption separation of CO2 from flue gases (mixtures of CO2/N2/O2) in Cu‐BTC metal‐organic framework (MOF) to investigate the applicability of MOFs to this important industrial system. The computational results showed that Cu‐BTC is a promising material for separation of CO2 from flue gases, and the macroscopic separation behaviors of the MOF were elucidated at a molecular level to give insight into the underlying mechanisms. The present work not only provided useful information for understanding the separation characteristics of MOFs, but also showed their potential applications in chemical industry. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Occipital atretic cephalocele, striking facial anomalies, and large feet in three siblings of a consanguineous union
Authors: Zechi‐Ceide Roseli Maria , Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Zanchetta Sthella , Richieri‐Costa Antonio
Published: September 2007

Here, we report a newly recognized syndrome in three siblings with occipital atretic cephalocele, striking facial anomalies, and large feet. Specific findings include occipital atretic cephalocele, hypoplastic cerebellar vermis, Dandy–Walker variant, mental deficiency, prominent forehead, midface deficiency, broad nose and nasal root, grooved nasal tip, abnormal nares, narrow malformed ears, severe oligodontia, and large wide feet with a gap between the hallux and the second toe. The phenotype is variable in the three patients. The finding of three affected siblings of a consanguineous couple strongly suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A newly recognized syndrome of Marfanoid habitus; long face; hypotelorism; long, thin nose; long, thin hands and feet; and a specific pattern of language and learning disabilities
Authors: Giacheti Célia M. , Zanchetta Sthella , Maranhe Elizandra , Cassab Tatiana V. , Abramides Dagma V. , Souza Deise H. , De‐Vitto Luciana P.M. , Richieri‐Costa Antonio
Published: September 2007

Here, we report on a newly recognized syndrome in a Brazilian family with three affected women, who had a Marfanoid habitus; long face; hypotelorism; long, thin nose; long, thin hands and feet; and language and learning disabilities. The disorder is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of silane KH‐550 to polypropylene/brucite composite
Authors: Ma Zhiling , Wang Jinghui , Zhang Xiaoyu
Published: September 2007

The effect of the KH‐550 type silane coupling agent on the properties of polypropylene (PP)/brucite (BC) composite was studied. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and polarization optical microscope indicated that morphology structure of PP changed with the addition of KH‐550, which activated the heterogeneous nucleation centers on BC surface, which made the distribution of the spherulite diameter become narrow and uniform, and improved the dispersibility of BC in the matrix. Therefore, KH‐550 enhanced the interfacial adhesion of matrix‐filler and improved the compatibility of the PP/BC composite, when KH‐550's content was 2.9% the tensile strength and impact strength increased approximately by 90% and by 30%, respectively than PP/BC. Flow tests and IR proved that some reactions took place between BC and KH‐550. All the investigations showed KH‐550 was a proper coupling agent in the PP/BC composite. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
T cell epitopes of the La/SSB autoantigen in humanized transgenic mice expressing the hLa class II haplotype DRB1*0301/DQB1*0201
Authors: Dudek Nadine L. , Maier Shannon , Chen Zhen‐Jun , Mudd Philip A. , Mannering Stuart I. , Jackson David C. , Zeng Weiguang , Keech Catherine L. , Hamlin Kassie , Pan Zi‐Jian , Davis‐Schwarz Karen , Workman‐Azbill Jennifer , Bachmann Michael , McCluskey James , Farris A. Darise
Published: September 2007

Objective

T cells are implicated in the production of anti‐La/SSB and anti‐Ro/SSA autoantibodies commonly associated with the DR3/DQ2 haplotype in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. This study was undertaken to investigate the DR3/DQ2‐restricted T cell response to wild‐type human La (hLa) and a truncated form of mutant La.

Methods

Humanized transgenic mice expressing HLA–DRB1*0301/DQB1*0201 (DR3/DQ2) were immunized with recombinant antigen and examined for development of autoantibodies and T cell proliferation against overlapping peptides spanning the La autoantigen. HLA restriction and peptide binding of identified T cell epitopes to DR3 or DQ2 were determined using blocking monoclonal antibodies and a direct binding assay.

Results

DR3/DQ2‐transgenic mice generated an unusually rapid class‐switched humoral response to hLa with characteristic spreading to Ro 52 and Ro 60 proteins following hLa protein immunization. Seven T cell determinants in hLa were restricted to the HLA–DR3/DQ2 haplotype. Six epitopes tested were restricted to HLA–DR and bound DR3 with semiconserved DR3 binding motifs. No DQ restriction of these epitopes was demonstrable despite efficient DQ binding activity in some cases. No neo–T cell epitopes were identified in mutant La; however, T cells primed with mutant La exhibited a striking increase in proliferation to the epitope hLa151–168 compared with T cells primed with hLa.

Conclusion

Multiple DR3‐restricted epitopes of hLa have been identified. These findings suggest that truncation of La produced by somatic mutation or possibly granzyme B–mediated cleavage alters the immunodominance hierarchy of T cell responsiveness to hLa and may be a factor in the initiation or maintenance of anti‐La autoimmunity.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α is essential for hypoxic induction of the human articular chondrocyte phenotype
Authors: Lafont Jérôme E. , Talma Sonia , Murphy Christopher L.
Published: September 2007

Objective

To uncover the mechanism by which hypoxia enhances cartilage matrix synthesis by human articular chondrocytes.

Methods

The hypoxic response was investigated by exposing normal (nonarthritic) human articular chondrocyte cultures to 20% oxygen and 1% oxygen. Induction of the differentiated phenotype was confirmed at the gene and protein levels. In its first reported application in human articular chondrocytes, the RNA interference method was used to directly investigate the role of specific transcription factors in this process. Small interfering RNA directed against hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), HIF‐2α, and SOX9 were delivered by lipid‐based transfection of primary and passaged human articular chondrocytes. The effect of each knockdown on hypoxic induction of the chondrocyte phenotype was assessed.

Results

Hypoxia enhanced matrix synthesis and SOX9 expression of human articular chondrocytes at both the gene and protein levels. Although HIF‐1α knockdown had no effect, depletion of HIF‐2α abolished this hypoxic induction. Thus, we provide the first evidence that HIF‐2α, but not HIF‐1α, is essential for hypoxic induction of the human articular chondrocyte phenotype. In addition, depletion of SOX9 prevented hypoxic induction of matrix genes, indicating that the latter are not direct HIF targets but are up‐regulated by hypoxia via SOX9.

Conclusion

Based on our data, we propose a novel mechanism whereby hypoxia promotes cartilage matrix synthesis specifically through HIF‐2α–mediated SOX9 induction of key cartilage genes. These findings have potential application for the development of cartilage repair therapies.
Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin is expressed in osteoarthritis and forms a complex with matrix metalloproteinase 9
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Shukla Meenakshi , Cowland Jack B. , Malemud Charles J. , Haqqi Tariq M.
Published: September 2007

Objective

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) is up‐regulated in osteoarthritis (OA) and usually presents as multiple bands when synovial fluid (SF) from OA patients is analyzed by zymography. Among these bands is an ∼125–130–kd band for high molecular weight (HMW) gelatinase, which has not been characterized. This study was undertaken to characterize the HMW MMP activity in OA SF.

Methods

MMP activity in OA SF was determined by gelatin zymography. Recombinant MMPs were used to identify MMP activity on the zymogram. Western immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunodepletion analyses were performed using antibodies specific for human MMP‐9 and human neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL). Human cartilage matrix degradation was determined by dimethylmethylene blue assay.

Results

Zymographic analysis showed that the HMW gelatinase in OA SF comigrated with a purified NGAL–MMP‐9 complex. Results of Western immunoblotting showed that the HMW gelatinase was also recognized by antibodies specific for human NGAL or human MMP‐9. These same antibodies also immunoprecipitated the HMW gelatinase activity from OA SF. The NGAL–MMP‐9 complex was reconstituted in vitro in gelatinase buffer. In the presence of NGAL, MMP‐9 activity was stabilized; in the absence of NGAL, rapid loss of MMP‐9 activity occurred. MMP‐9–mediated release of cartilage matrix proteoglycans was significantly higher in the presence of NGAL (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that the HMW gelatinase activity in OA SF represents a complex of NGAL and MMP‐9. The ability of NGAL to protect MMP‐9 activity is relevant to cartilage matrix degradation in OA and may represent an important mechanism by which NGAL may contribute to the loss of cartilage matrix proteins in OA.
In vivo adjuvant activity of the RNA component of the Sm/RNP lupus autoantigen
Authors: Kelly‐Scumpia Kindra M. , Nacionales Dina C. , Scumpia Philip O. , Weinstein Jason S. , Narain Sonali , Moldawer Lyle L. , Satoh Minoru , Reeves Westley H.
Published: September 2007

Objective

Many lupus autoantigens contain small, highly structured RNAs, and studies have shown that the RNA components of lupus autoantigens activate production of type I interferon by dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro via the Toll‐like receptor (TLR)–myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway. This study was undertaken to examine whether U1 RNA possesses adjuvant activity in vivo.

Methods

U1 RNA was affinity purified from K562 cells. C57BL/6 or OT‐II mice were immunized with 4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)–conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (NP‐KLH) or ovalbumin323–337 peptide, using either U1 RNA or aluminum hydroxide (alum) as the adjuvant. Activation of DCs and lymphocytes was measured using flow cytometry. NP‐specific antibody responses were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Antigen‐specific T cell proliferation was determined using 3H‐thymidine incorporation.

Results

Similar to the results with the standard adjuvant, alum, U1 RNA coadministered with NP‐KLH enhanced production of NP‐specific IgM and IgG (on days 8 and 16 postinjection, respectively). Moreover, proliferation of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells was enhanced to comparable levels in the mice immunized with either U1 RNA or alum. Injection of U1 RNA into the footpad of mice resulted in DC recruitment to draining lymph nodes and induction of DC maturation. U1 RNA, at 24 hours' postinjection, also increased expression of the early activation marker CD69 in both B and T lymphocytes. Pretreatment of U1 RNA with RNase or coadministration with a TLR‐7 antagonist inhibited the effects of this adjuvant.

Conclusion

A small RNA of cellular origin can drive DC maturation, B and T cell activation/proliferation, and antibody responses to exogenous antigens. These results support the idea that U1 RNA is an endogenous adjuvant, helping to explain the striking predilection of lupus autoantibodies for RNA–protein complexes such as Sm/RNP.
Relationship between pain and medial knee joint loading in mild radiographic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Thorp Laura E. , Sumner Dale R. , Wimmer Markus A. , Block Joel A.
Published: September 2007

Objective

The relationship between knee pain and radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is notoriously imperfect. In particular, conditions that distinguish individuals with symptoms from those with comparable radiographic involvement who remain asymptomatic are unclear. We investigated dynamic loading across the knee in individuals with mild radiographic OA who were distinguished by the presence or absence of knee pain.

Methods

Subjects were recruited into 3 groups: symptomatic with a Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade of 2 (n = 52), asymptomatic with a K/L grade of 2 (n = 19), and asymptomatic with a K/L grade of 0 or 1 (n = 37), the latter representing a normal comparator group. Dynamic knee loading was assessed with gait analysis, and both the peak external knee adduction moment and the knee adduction angular impulse were determined.

Results

Peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse were 19% and 30% higher, respectively, in symptomatic K/L grade 2 individuals than in asymptomatic individuals with the same radiographic grade (P < 0.05). Conversely, the asymptomatic K/L grade 2 group did not differ from the K/L grade 0–1 normal comparator group (P = 1.00).

Conclusion

Among individuals with mild radiographic knee OA (K/L grade 2), those who are symptomatic have significantly higher medial compartment loads than those who are asymptomatic, whereas those who are asymptomatic do not differ from normal controls (asymptomatic K/L grade 0 or 1). These findings suggest a biomechanical component to the distinction between asymptomatic and symptomatic radiographic OA, which may be pathophysiologically important.
Effect of physical training on the proportion of slow‐twitch type I muscle fibers, a novel nonimmune‐mediated mechanism for muscle impairment in polymyositis or dermatomyositis
Authors: Dastmalchi Maryam , Alexanderson Helene , Loell Ingela , Ståhlberg Marcus , Borg Kristian , Lundberg Ingrid E. , EsbJörnsson Mona
Published: September 2007

Objective

To compare muscle fiber type composition and muscle fiber area in patients with chronic polymyositis or dermatomyositis and healthy controls, and to determine whether physical training for 12 weeks could alter these muscle characteristics.

Methods

Muscle fiber type composition and muscle fiber area were investigated by biochemical and immunohistochemistry techniques in repeated muscle biopsy samples obtained from 9 patients with chronic myositis before and after a 12‐week exercise program and in healthy controls. Muscle performance was evaluated by the Functional Index (FI) in myositis and by the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) quality of life instrument.

Results

Before exercise, the proportion of type I fibers was lower (mean ± SD 32% ± 10%) and the proportion of type IIC fibers was higher (3% ± 3%) in patients compared with healthy controls. After exercise, percentage of type I fiber increased to 42% ± 13% (P < 0.05), and type IIC decreased to 1% ± 1%. An exercise‐induced 20% increase of the mean fiber area was also observed. The functional capacity measured by the FI in myositis and the physical functioning subscale of the SF‐36 increased significantly. Improved physical functioning was positively correlated with the proportion of type I fibers (r = 0.88, P < 0.01) and type II muscle fiber area (r = 0.70, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Low muscle endurance in chronic polymyositis or dermatomyositis may be related to a low proportion of oxidative, slow‐twitch type I fibers. Change in fiber type composition and increased muscle fiber area may contribute to improved muscle endurance and decreased muscle fatigue after a moderate physical training program.
Classification criteria in rheumatic diseases: A review of methodologic properties
Authors: Johnson Sindhu R. , Goek Oemer‐Necmi , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Vlad Steven C. , Feldman Brian M. , Felson David T. , Hawker Gillian A. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Solomon Daniel H.
Published: September 2007

Objective

To identify classification criteria for the rheumatic diseases and to evaluate their measurement properties and methodologic rigor using current measurement standards.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of published literature and evaluated criteria sets for stated purpose, derivation and validation sample characteristics, methods of criteria generation and reduction, and consideration of validity, and reliability.

Results

We identified 47 classification criteria sets encompassing 13 conditions. Approximately 50% of the criteria sets were developed based on expert opinion rather than patient data. Of the 47 criteria sets, control samples were derived from patients with rheumatic disease in 15 (32%) sets, from patients with nonrheumatic diseases in 4 (9%) sets, and from healthy participants in 2 (4%) sets. Where patient data were used, the number of cases ranged from 20–588 and the number of controls from 50–787. In only 1 (2%) criteria set was there a distinct separation between investigators who derived the criteria set and clinicians who provided cases and controls. Authors commented on the need for individual criterion to be reliable in 5 (11%) sets, precise in 5 (11%) sets; authors noted the importance of content validity in 12 (26%) sets, and construct validity in 12 (26%) sets.

Conclusion

The variation in methodologic rigor used in sample selection affects the validity and reliability of the criteria sets in different clinical and research settings. Despite potential deficiencies in the methods used for some criteria development, the sensitivity and specificity of many criteria sets is moderate to strong.