bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Preparation of Binary Photocatalyst ZnO/g‐C3N4 Nanosheets with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in Dye Degradation
Authors: Du Ying , Yang Cheng , Han Hui , Zhao Qian , Jiang Tingshun
Published: February 2022

A novel binary ZnO/g‐C3N4 nanosheets (ZCN)‐X (X=10, 20 and 30 wt% of ZnO) composites were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, UV‐vis, PL, XPS and electrochemistry, and the photodegradation effect of the samples on MO were evaluated. The FT‐IR spectra revealing that the conjugated system between g‐C3N4 and ZnO was generated. The UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the introduction of CNNs reduces the band gap of binary composites and broadens the visible light absorption range of the samples. The fluorescence analysis results suggested that the conjugated system between g‐C3N4 and ZnO was generated. The phtotcatalysis results showed that ZCN‐20 has strong photodegradation activity and lower luminescence intensity. After irradiation for 120 min under visible light, it gives a degradation rate of 98.5 % with good stability. The construction of heterojunction between CNNs and ZnO nanoparticles accelerates electron transfer and inhibits the recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs, and the synergistic effect of CNNs and ZnO greatly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of samples.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Dyes Using Flyash Supported Ag‐TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Patil Bhumika P. , Jayaram Radha V.
Published: February 2022

In the present study, photocatalytic degradation of five different reactive dyes has been carried out using Ag doped TiO2 supported on coal fly ash (CFA) as a photo catalyst system (Ag‐TiO2/CFA). The photocatalysts were synthesized with varying the percentage of Ag and characterized by XRD, SEM and UV‐visible spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity of Ag‐TiO2/CFA photocatalysts was studied for the degradation of reactive dyes in presence of both UV and visible light sources. The degradation was monitored by absorbance measurements. It was found that 3 wt % of Ag doping could bring about maximum degradation (85–95 %) at 3–4 h in presence of visible light. The effect of various parameters such as initial concentration of dye, catalyst amount and pH of solution towards the degradation were studied and it was observed that in acidic conditions the degradation was maximum (pH=3.0) for all the dyes studied. Ability to degrade an industrial waste, use of CFA, a thermal power plant waste as support, small quantities of silver required and degradation under visible light are the environmental as well as economic advantages of this developed catalytic system.
Synthesis of 3‐Sulfonyl Indenones via Copper‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Coupling Reaction
Authors: Huang Yuan , Chen Dengfeng , Zheng Yu , Huang Shenlin
Published: February 2022

In contrast to C−C bond cleavage of cyclic oxime esters, the corresponding coupling reaction without ring‐opening are less explored. In this context, we report an unprecedented method for the synthesis of 3‐sulfonyl indenones via copper‐catalyzed redox‐neutral coupling reaction of indanone derivatives with sodium sulfinates. This approach provides an efficient approach to 3‐sulfonyl indenones from readily available indanone derivatives without any ligands and external oxidants.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Anthrone Functionalized Benzylic Amines via a Multicomponent Reaction in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Fengxi , Wang Ciduo , Xu Yaning , Gao Xiaojun , Xu Yuelin , Xie Hanqing , Chen Peng , Wang Lei
Published: February 2022

In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2), which is a sustainable and green solvent, was used as a reaction medium in the lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of anthrone‐functionalized benzylic amines for the first time. We synthesized the target compounds via a lipase‐catalyzed multicomponent cascade reaction of aldehydes, sulfonamides, and anthrones in ScCO2. The reaction can be accomplished in good‐to‐excellent yields (77 %–95 %) and can exhibit good functional group tolerance. In brief, the reaction was characterized by step economy, metal‐free conditions, environmentally friendly solvents, and biocatalysts.
Adhesive and Injectable Hydrogel Microspheres for Inner Ear Treatment
Authors: Chen Kaili , Wang Fei , Ding Rui , Cai Zhengwei , Zou Tianyuan , Zhang Andi , Guo Dongye , Ye Bin , Cui Wenguo , Xiang Mingliang
Published: February 2022

The least damaging and most economical method to deliver drugs or carriers into the inner ear for treatment of disease is through the middle ear. However, the retention of drug in the middle ear is an obstacle. Here, inspired by the adhesion of mussels, a methacrylate gelatin microspheres (GM) coupling polydopamine (PDA) layer (GM@PDA) with excellent adhesive ability is constructed, and Ebselen liposomes are further loaded into the GM@PDA (GM@PDA@Lipo‐Ebselen). The loading capacity of GM@PDA for Ebselen liposomes is 25 ± 1 µg mg−1 microspheres. GM@PDA@Lipo‐Ebselen could be injected on round windows membrane (RWM) and tightly adheres to the surface of RWM by PDA, and the microspheres are even still attached to the RWM after 360° rotation and inverted shaking. The in vivo imaging system shows that the adhesive microspheres can prolong the retention of the middle ear cavity for more than 7 days. The hearing of mice in the GM@PDA@Lipo‐Ebselen group is significantly recovered, especially on day 14 after noise exposure, and the hearing of each frequency is restored to baseline level. At 32 kHz frequency, the survival of outer hair cells recovers from 48 0± 6% to 93 ± 2%. Therefore, the adhesive and injectable hydrogel microspheres provide a promising strategy for the treatment of hearing loss.
Research on the Temperature Rise Characteristics ofMedium‐VoltageSwitchgear under Different Operation Conditions
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Wu Yuezheng , Huang Xiaolong , Hong Guo , Ren Junwen , Ning Wenjun , Wang Lijun , Sun Tao , Yang Shangyu
Published: February 2022

SF6is a greenhouse gas. Finding an alternative gas for SF6has become an urgent problem in the switch field. In order to explore the feasibility of replacing SF6gas with dry air directly, CO2and C4F7N/CO2mixed gas, based on the KYN28‐12 medium voltage switchgear, the finite element method was used to solve the three‐dimensional coupled multi‐physics of the switchgear in this paper. From the angle of the temperature field and flow field, the temperature rise characteristics under different operation conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature field and flow field distribution under the four gases were similar. Among them, the temperature rise of SF6gas was the smallest, followed by the C4F7N/CO2mixed gas, CO2and dry air. The flow rate of SF6gas was the lowest, about 0.11 m/s. The flow velocities of other gases were relatively close. When the switchgear was filled with the same gas, as the inflation pressure increased, the temperature rise of the switchgear decreased and the gas flow rate also dropped to a certain extent. The temperature field and flow field of the switchgear under the C4F7N/CO2mixed gas at 0.2 Mpa were similar to those under the 0.1 Mpa SF6gas. Under the C4F7N/CO2mixed gas, the contact failure of the plum contact made the temperature rise of the switchgear increase overall. The maximum temperature rise point transferred to the contact failure. The temperature rise further rose with the increase of the contact failure degree. The gas flow rate also greatly increased with the failure degree elevated. From the perspective of temperature rise, the C4F7N/CO2mixed gas has the possibility of being applied in the electrical equipment under the premise of meeting the insulation conditions. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
New genomic regions associated with white mold resistance in dry bean using a MAGIC population
Authors: Escobar Edgar , Oladzad Atena , Simons Kristin , Miklas Phillip , Lee Rian K. , Schroder Stephan , Bandillo Nonoy , Wunsch Michael , McClean Phillip E. , Osorno Juan M.
Published: February 2022

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in many regions is threatened by white mold (WM) [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Seed yield losses can be up to 100% under conditions favorable for the pathogen. The low heritability, polygenic inheritance, and cumbersome screening protocols make it difficult to breed for improved genetic resistance. Some progress in understanding genetic resistance and germplasm improvement has been accomplished, but cultivars with high levels of resistance are yet to be released. A WM multiparent advanced generation inter‐cross (MAGIC) population (n = 1060) was developed to facilitate mapping and breeding efforts. A seedling straw test screening method provided a quick assay to phenotype the population for response to WM isolate 1980. Nineteen MAGIC lines were identified with improved resistance. For genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), the data was transformed into three phenotypic distributions—quantitative, polynomial, and binomial—and coupled with ∼52,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The three phenotypic distributions identified 30 significant genomic intervals [−log10 (P value) ≥ 3.0]. However, across distributions, four new genomic regions as well as two regions previously reported were found to be associated with resistance. Cumulative R2 values were 57% for binomial distribution using 13 genomic intervals, 41% for polynomial using eight intervals, and 40% for quantitative using 11 intervals. New resistant germplasm as well as new genomic regions associated with resistance are now available for further investigation.
Systematic measurements of M X‐ray components X‐ray fluorescence cross‐sections for the elements with 77 ≤ Z ≤ 92 by employing laboratory source based energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence setup
Authors: Alrakabi Muhanad , Kapil Ashutosh , Kailash  , Duggal Heena , Sihotra Samarjit , Mehta Devinder , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: February 2022

The differential X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) cross‐sections for (Mξ2, Mξ1, Mδ1), (Mδ2, Mα1,2 M5‐O3), (Mβ, M4‐O2,3), (Mγ, Mm2, M3‐N4, M5‐O2,3), (Mm1, M3‐N6,7, M3‐O4,5) and (Mm2, M2‐N6) group of M X‐rays components have been measured for the elements with 77 ≤ Z ≤ 92 following photoionization by Mn K X‐rays (EKαβ = 5.96 keV) obtained from 55Fe radioisotope. The measurements were performed in annular source geometry at 126° emission angle using a low‐energy Ge (LEGe) detector. The measured cross‐section values are compared with theoretical values calculated using available sets of Mi (i = 1–5) photoionization cross‐sections, radiative emission rates (Fij), Coster‐Kronig (fij), and fluorescence (ωi) yields. The measured XRF cross‐sections for the (Mξ2, Mξ1, Mδ1), (Mm1, M3‐N6,7) and (Mm2, M2‐N6) groups of X‐rays agree with the theoretical values within the experimental errors. The (Mβ, M4‐O2,3) group of X‐rays exhibit agreement with theoretical values within experimental uncertainty for all the elements under investigation except 79Au and 80Hg. The XRF cross‐section for the (Mδ2, Mα1,2) group of X‐rays are in general higher by ~20% for the elements with Z = 77–83 and exhibit agreement for the 90Th and 92U elements. For the (Mγ, Mm2, M3‐N4) X‐ray group, the measured values are generally higher than the theoretical values, but the deviations are within experimental uncertainties. The large deviation in measured XRF cross‐section for different M X‐ray components from the theoretical ones are attributed to (i) poor separation of M X‐ray components (ii) contribution of self‐resonant Raman scattering (RRS) process and (iii) self‐fluorescence of M5 subshell by Mi subshell X‐rays (i = 1–3).
Introduction
Authors: Seifert Christian , Trostorff Sascha , Waurick Marcus
Published: February 2022

This chapter is intended to give a brief introduction as well as a summary of the present text. We shall highlight some of the main ideas and methods behind the theory and will also aim to provide some background on the main concept in the manuscript: the notion of so-called$$\displaystyle \mathbf {Evolutionary}\ \mathbf {Equations} $$EvolutionaryEquationsdating back to Picard in the seminal paper (Picard, Math. Methods Appl. Sci.32, 1768–1803 (2009)); see also (Picard and McGhee,Partial differential equations: A unified Hilbert space approach, Chapter 6, vol. 55. Expositions in Mathematics (DeGruyter, Berlin, 2011)).
Differential Algebraic Equations
Authors: Seifert Christian , Trostorff Sascha , Waurick Marcus
Published: February 2022

Let H be a Hilbert space and
$$\nu \in \mathbb {R}$$

ν
∈
ℝ
. We saw in the previous chapter how initial value problems can be formulated within the framework of evolutionary equations. More precisely, we have studied problems of the form
$$\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \begin {cases} \left (\partial _{t,\nu }M_{0}+M_{1}+A\right )U=0 & \text{ on }\left (0,\infty \right ),\\ M_{0}U(0{\scriptstyle {+}})=M_{0}U_{0} \end {cases} \end{aligned} $$

∂

t
,
ν

M

0

+

M

1

+
A

U
=
0

on

0
,
∞

,

M

0

U
(
0
+

)

=

M

0

U

0

for U0 ∈ H, M0, M1 ∈ L(H) and
$$A\colon \operatorname {dom}(A)\subseteq H\to H$$

A
:
dom
(
A
)
⊆
H
→
H
skew-selfadjoint; that is, we have considered material laws of the form
$$\displaystyle M(z)\mathrel{\mathop:}= M_{0}+z^{-1}M_{1}\quad (z\in \mathbb {C}\setminus \{0\}). $$

M
(
z
)
: =

M

0

+

z

−
1

M

1

(
z
∈
ℂ
∖
{
0
}
)
.
Solution Theory for Evolutionary Equations
Authors: Seifert Christian , Trostorff Sascha , Waurick Marcus
Published: February 2022

In this chapter, we shall discuss and present the first major result of the manuscript: Picard’s theorem on the solution theory for evolutionary equations which is the main result of Picard (A structural observation for linear material laws in classical mathematical physics. In Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol 32, 2009, pp 1768–1803). In order to stress the applicability of this theorem, we shall deal with applications first and provide a proof of the actual result afterwards. With an initial interest in applications in mind, we start off with the introduction of some operators related to vector calculus.
Soil phosphorus status and P nutrition strategies of European beech forests on carbonate compared to silicate parent material
Authors: Prietzel Jörg , Krüger Jaane , Kaiser Klaus , Amelung Wulf , Bauke Sara L. , Dippold Michaela A. , Kandeler Ellen , Klysubun Wantana , Lewandowski Hans , Löppmann Sebastian , Luster Jörg , Marhan Sven , Puhlmann Heike , Schmitt Marius , Siegenthaler Maja B. , Siemens Jan , Spielvogel Sandra , Willbold Sabine , Wolff Jan , Lang Friederike
Published: February 2022

Sustainable forest management requires understanding of ecosystem phosphorus (P) cycling. Lang et al. (2017) [Biogeochemistry,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0375-0] introduced the concept of P-acquiringvs.P-recycling nutrition strategies for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests on silicate parent material, and demonstrated a change from P-acquiring to P-recycling nutrition from P-rich to P-poor sites. The present study extends this silicate rock-based assessment to forest sites with soils formed from carbonate bedrock. For all sites, it presents a large set of general soil and bedrock chemistry data. It thoroughly describes the soil P status and generates a comprehensive concept on forest ecosystem P nutrition covering the majority of Central European forest soils. For this purpose, an Ecosystem P Nutrition Index (ENIP) was developed, which enabled the comparison of forest P nutrition strategies at the carbonate sites in our study among each other and also with those of the silicate sites investigated by Lang et al. (2017). The P status of forest soils on carbonate substrates was characterized by low soil P stocks and a large fraction of organic Ca-bound P (probably largely Ca phytate) during early stages of pedogenesis. Soil P stocks, particularly those in the mineral soil and of inorganic P forms, including Al- and Fe-bound P, became more abundant with progressing pedogenesis and accumulation of carbonate rock dissolution residue. Phosphorus-rich impure, silicate-enriched carbonate bedrock promoted the accumulation of dissolution residue and supported larger soil P stocks, mainly bound to Fe and Al minerals. In carbonate-derived soils, only low P amounts were bioavailable during early stages of pedogenesis, and, similar to P-poor silicate sites, P nutrition of beech forests depended on tight (re)cycling of P bound in forest floor soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast to P-poor silicate sites, where the ecosystem P nutrition strategy is direct biotic recycling of SOM-bound organic P, recycling during early stages of pedogenesis on carbonate substrates also involves the dissolution of stable Ca-Porgprecipitates formed from phosphate released during SOM decomposition. In contrast to silicate sites, progressing pedogenesis and accumulation of P-enriched carbonate bedrock dissolution residue at the carbonate sites promote again P-acquiring mechanisms for ecosystem P nutrition.
AI Decision Making with Dignity? Contrasting Workers’ Justice Perceptions of Human and AI Decision Making in a Human Resource Management Context
Authors: Bankins Sarah , Formosa Paul , Griep Yannick , Richards Deborah
Published: February 2022

Using artificial intelligence (AI) to make decisions in human resource management (HRM) raises questions of how fair employees perceive these decisions to be and whether they experience respectful treatment (i.e., interactional justice). In this experimental survey study with open-ended qualitative questions, we examine decision making in six HRM functions and manipulate the decision maker (AI or human) and decision valence (positive or negative) to determine their impact on individuals’ experiences of interactional justice, trust, dehumanization, and perceptions of decision-maker role appropriateness. In terms of decision makers, the use of human decision makers over AIs generally resulted in better perceptions of respectful treatment. In terms of decision valence, people experiencing positive over negative decisions generally resulted in better perceptions of respectful treatment. In instances where these cases conflict, on some indicators people preferred positive AI decisions over negative human decisions. Qualitative responses show how people identify justice concerns with both AI and human decision making. We outline implications for theory, practice, and future research.
Urbanity, Neighbourhood Characteristics and Perceived Quality of Life (QoL): Analysis of Individual and Contextual Determinants for Perceived QoL in 3300 Postal Code Areas in Finland
Authors: Weckroth Mikko , Ala-Mantila Sanna , Ballas Dimitris , Ziogas Thanasis , Ikonen Jonna
Published: February 2022

This analysis examines the geography of subjective wellbeing within a single country via a novel dataset consisting of more than 26,000 respondents embedded in 3100 postal code areas in Finland. We include a detailed indicator on the level of urbanity of the respondent’s location derived from a 250 × 250 m GIS grid, contextual measures of the postal code area´s socioeconomic status as well as proximity to the nearest urban locality and capital city. This analytical framework model makes it possible to examine both individual and contextual determinants for perceived quality of life (QoL). In addition, we include individual-level measures on mental health (Mental Health Inventory MHI-5) and satisfaction with housing and neighbourhood characteristics. The results show that when controlling for socioeconomic factors living in an inner urban area or a neighbourhood (postal code area) with a high unemployment rate are associated with lower QoL and. Also, the share of population with a tertiary education in a postal code area has a positive effect for individual QoL. However, the effects of inner urban living and unemployment rate become insignificant when including mental health indicators and perceived loneliness. In sum, the results confirm and add more detail to earlier findings on lower QoL in urban context and connect living in inner urban area to mental health indicators. As such, the analysis provides further evidence for the positive QoL effects of more rural living while having an access to health and other services.
Futurising science education: students’ experiences from a course on futures thinking and quantum computing
Authors: Rasa Tapio , Palmgren Elina , Laherto Antti
Published: February 2022

To promote students’ value-based agency, responsible science and sustainability, science education must address how students think about their personal and collective futures. However, research has shown that young people find it difficult to fully relate to the future and its possibilities, and few studies have focused on the potential of science education to foster futures thinking and agency. We report on a project that further explored this potential by developing future-oriented science courses drawing on the field of futures studies. Phenomenographic analysis was used on interview data to see what changes upper-secondary school students saw in their futures perceptions and agentic orientations after attending a course which adapted futures thinking skills in the context of quantum computing and technological approaches to global problems. The results show students perceiving the future and technological development as more positive but also more unpredictable, seeing their possibilities for agency as clearer and more promising (especially by identifying with their peers or aspired career paths), and feeling a deeper connection to the otherwise vague idea of futures. Students also felt they had learned to question deterministic thinking and to think more creatively about their own lives as well as technological and non-technological solutions to global problems. Both quantum physics and futures thinking opened new perspectives on uncertainty and probabilistic thinking. Our results provide further validation for a future-oriented approach to science education, and highlight essential synergies between futures thinking skills, agency, and authentic socio-scientific issues in developing science education for the current age.
The use of Savary-Gilliard dilators in the treatment of an oesophageal stricture in a cat
Authors: Kaczmar Ewa , Makowska Krystyna , Rychlik Andrzej
Published: February 2022

Oesophageal strictures in cats and dogs are relatively rare and the cause of this disorder can be multifactorial. However, the most common cause in cats is an inflammatory process.

Conservative treatment strategies for this disorder includes image-guided interventions. Endoscopic methods are a form of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of the oesophageal strictures. Several endoscopic methods for the therapy of this condition are known, one of them is Savary-Gilliard dilators technique.

In the present study of a case of oesophageal stricture in a cat, caused probably by doxycycline treatment without water administration, the authors used the Savary-Gilliard dilators as a therapy for its condition. The animal underwent 3 endoscopy procedures, where in the third one no abnormality in the oesophagus was observed. Moreover, the cat was asymptomatic 6 months after the last oesophagoscopy.

In the authors opinion, based on the present case, some experience of the authors and previously described studies, the Savary-Gilliard dilators seems to be a safe, effective, relatively cheap and minimally invasive method of the oesophageal stricture therapy in the cat.
Energy analysis of a wood or pellet stove in a single-family house equipped with gas boiler and radiators
Authors: Marigo Marco , Zulli Fabio , Bordignon Sara , Carnieletto Laura , Emmi Giuseppe , De Carli Michele
Published: February 2022

In the residential sector, biomass appliances are widely used for space heating and often combined with other systems. This work aims at comparing the final and primary energy consumption of different configurations, including a conventional and a ducted pellet stove and a wood log stove using air as heat transfer fluid. A dynamic analysis of the interaction between biomass stoves and conventional heating systems, such as gas boilers and radiators, is carried out within a typical single-family house in a mild climate, using TRNSYS software. In addition, natural ventilation of the building is considered using CONTAM, with a focus on external infiltrations and internal air circulation due to the buoyancy effect. Results show that the biomass device in one room promotes the airflows between adjacent thermal zones, enhancing the heat distribution through door openings, in particular when an air ducted stove is present. The final energy consumption resulting from simulations with wood-burning stoves is 21% higher than pellet stoves. The pellet stove results in similar final energy and a 30% increase in overall primary energy, while the wood stove increases the final energy by 22% and approximately 40% of overall primary energy compared to the case of a traditional gas system coupled to radiators which is considered as reference. Nevertheless, non-renewable primary energy savings are higher than 50% with pellet stoves and 60% with wood-log stoves.
Insignificant effects of loss of heterozygosity in HLA in the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade treatment
Authors: Yang Yohan , Kim Eunyoung , Kim Sangwoo
Published: February 2022

Background

It is assumed that loss of heterozygosity and allelic copy loss in HLA gene is associated with poor response rates in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. H-owever, the accurate extents or consistency in cancer types have not been explored.

Objective

The goal of this study is to investigate quantitative relationship between HLA allelic copy loss and response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Also, tumor microenvironment was computationally assessed in the tumors with HLA copy loss to provide potential mechanisms for the relationships.

Method

A total of 282 whole exome sequencing data from three cohorts of patients who received immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy were analyzed, including Anti-PDL1 treated in metastatic urothelial cancer (N = 216), anti-PD1 treated metastatic melanoma (N = 26), and anti-CTLA4 treated metastatic melanoma (N = 39). The LOHHLA algorithm was used to calculate allelic copy number loss at each HLA-A, -B, and -C locus, and further determine HLA allelic copy loss status. The HLA copy status and ICB response rates were analyzed for association using Fisher’s exact test. The CIBERSORT-absolute algorithm was then used to analyze the patient's immune environment, which represented loss of heterozygosity, using paired matched RNA sequencing data.

Results

Unlike the general expectation, HLA allelic copy loss was not significantly associated with the ICB responses. Moreover, the relationship showed a reversed relationship in HLA-A in the urothelial cancer (better ICB response in HLA copy loss). Regardless of the HLA copy status, the proportion of cytotoxic immune cells in the immune environment of patients was correlated with ICB response, which was higher in the loss of heterozygosity group in the urothelial cohort.

Conclusion

Although the loss of heterozygosity in HLA was generally expected to be an inhibitory factor in the immune treatment response by causing T cell immune evasion, our analysis demonstrates no explicit relationships.
Cq-ROFRS: covering q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough sets and its application to multi-attribute decision-making process
Authors: Garg Harish , Atef Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (briefly, PFSs) were created as an upgrade to intuitionistic fuzzy sets (briefly, IFSs) which helped to address some problems that IFSs couldn’t solve. The definition of q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (briefly, q-ROFS) is then declared to generalize and solve PFS and IFS failures. Using the concept of PF $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood, Zhan et al. defined the description of the covering through the Pythagorean fuzzy rough set (briefly, CPFRS). Hussain et al. also developed the concept of q-ROF $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood to build the concept of covering through q-rung orthopair fuzzy rough sets (Cq-ROFRS). To enhance the results in Zhan et al.’s and Hussain et al.’s method and in a related context, the concept of PF complementary $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood is constructed. Hence, using PF $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood and PF complementary $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood, three novel kinds of CPFRS are investigated and the related characteristics are analyzed. The interrelationships between Zhan et al.’s approach and our approaches are also discussed. Besides, the concept of q-ROF complementary $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood is examined. Three new Cq-ROFRS models are differentiated using the principles of q-ROF $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood and q-ROF complementary $$\beta $$
β
-neighborhood. As a result, the related properties and relationships between these various models and Hussain et al.’s model are established. Because of these correlations, we may consider our approach to be a generalization of Zhan et al.’s and Hussain et al’s approaches. Finally, we developed applications to solve MADM problems using CPFRS and Cq-ROFRS, as well as variances of the two methods using numerical examples are presented.
Implementation Design of a Complex Nursing Intervention in Dutch Hospitals: A Methods Paper
Authors: Jordens Y. J. , Ettema R. E. , Bleijenberg N. , Schuurmans M. J. , Schoonhoven L.
Published: February 2022

Implementing complex nursing interventions can be challenging. The degree of fit between context and the intervention is essential in explaining whether the implementation succeeds or fails, how and to what extent the intervention achieves impact and whether interventions can be sustained or successfully translated from one context to another. We provide a comprehensive description of the design of the implementation of a complex nursing intervention, which is implemented in 12 cardiac surgery centres in the Netherlands. With this, we aim to enhance transparency and replicability about the method of the implementation and reflect on methodological choices. We follow general steps of implementation including (1) adapting evidence, (2) identifying barriers and facilitators, (3) tailoring implementation activities and (4) monitoring and evaluating. We chose a general predefined approach for support, measurements and feedback and combined this with a local tailored approach to enhance the fit between the intervention and its implementation context. For monitoring, we measured three implementation outcomes: barriers and facilitators, behaviours of involved professionals, which was guided by the COM-B model, and the fidelity of executing the intervention. Feedback based on the results of the measurements were returned to local project leaders to enhance the implementation strategy in each setting continuously. We made a clear distinction between implementation strategies at the general program level and the local project level. Through various measurements, in which behaviour change of professionals was central, feedback and mutual learning, we facilitated the implementation of a complex nursing intervention. We discuss methodological challenges about tailoring the implementation approach and providing feedback on the behaviour of professionals.
An organometallic approach for the preparation of Au–TiO2 and Au-g-C3N4 nanohybrids: improving the depletion of paracetamol under visible light
Authors: Jiménez-Salcedo Marta , Monge Miguel , Tena María Teresa
Published: February 2022

The photocatalytic degradation of paracetamol (a common analgesic also known as acetaminophen) in ultrapure water with different photocatalytic systems was performed under ultraviolet or visible irradiation. The photocatalysts employed were: commercial Degussa-P25 TiO2and Au–TiO2under UVA irradiation (365 nm) and g-C3N4and Au-g-C3N4under visible light irradiation (low-power (4 × 10 W) white light LEDs), improving the effectiveness of degradation rates when the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were combined with the semiconductors. The nanostructured photocatalysts were synthesised and characterised by transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and, in the case of g-C3N4photocatalysts by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The influence of the pH in the depletion of paracetamol with g-C3N4and visible light was evaluated. In addition, the stability and lifetime of the photocatalyst g-C3N4in the degradation of paracetamol were studied.

Graphical abstract
Fundamentals of Classical and Modern Error-Correcting Codes
Authors: Lin Shu , Li Juane
Published: February 2022

Using easy-to-follow mathematics, this textbook provides comprehensive coverage of block codes and techniques for reliable communications and data storage. It covers major code designs and constructions from geometric, algebraic, and graph-theoretic points of view, decoding algorithms, error control additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and erasure, and dataless recovery. It simplifies a highly mathematical subject to a level that can be understood and applied with a minimum background in mathematics, provides step-by-step explanation of all covered topics, both fundamental and advanced, and includes plenty of practical illustrative examples to assist understanding. Numerous homework problems are included to strengthen student comprehension of new and abstract concepts, and a solutions manual is available online for instructors. Modern developments, including polar codes, are also covered. An essential textbook for senior undergraduates and graduates taking introductory coding courses, students taking advanced full-year graduate coding courses, and professionals working on coding for communications and data storage.
Lipschitz graphs and currents in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Vittone Davide
Published: February 2022

The main result of the present article is a Rademacher-type theorem for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs of codimension$k\leq n$in sub-Riemannian Heisenberg groups${\mathbb H}^{n}$. For the purpose of proving such a result, we settle several related questions pertaining both to the theory of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs and to the one of currents. First, we prove an extension result for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs as well as a uniform approximation theorem by means of smooth graphs: both of these results stem from a new definition (equivalent to the one introduced by B. Franchi, R. Serapioni and F. Serra Cassano) of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs and are valid for a more general class of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in Carnot groups. Second, our proof of Rademacher’s theorem heavily uses the language of currents in Heisenberg groups: one key result is, for us, a version of the celebrated constancy theorem. Inasmuch as Heisenberg currents are defined in terms of Rumin’s complex of differential forms, we also provide a convenient basis of Rumin’s spaces. Eventually, we provide some applications of Rademacher’s theorem including a Lusin-type result for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs, the equivalence between${\mathbb H}$-rectifiability and ‘Lipschitz’${\mathbb H}$-rectifiability and an area formula for intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in Heisenberg groups.
Hybridization and invasiveness in Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum): is prioritizing hybrids in management justified?
Authors: Hoff Hannah K. , Thum Ryan A.
Published: February 2022

Hybridization can play an important role in the evolution of invasiveness. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) is a widespread aquatic invasive plant species that hybridizes with native northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.). Previous studies have found mixed evidence for whether hybrid watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum × sibiricum) and pure M. spicatum differ in vegetative growth rate and herbicide response. While several studies have emphasized variation in these traits among M. spicatum × sibiricum genotypes, variation within M. spicatum has not been considered. Therefore, it is unclear how much genetic variation influences invasive traits and management outcomes within M. spicatum versus between M. spicatum and M. spicatum × sibiricum. If M. spicatum × sibiricum genotypes are always more invasive than M. spicatum genotypes, simply distinguishing taxa may be sufficient for identifying lake management priorities; however, if significant phenotypic overlap is observed between taxa, distinguishing individual genotypes may be important for tailoring management strategies. We performed replicated trials of a vegetative growth and 2,4-D assay to measure clonal variation in growth rate and herbicide response of M. spicatum and M. spicatum × sibiricum. Our results indicate that M. spicatum × sibiricum exhibits higher average vegetative growth than M. spicatum, regardless of whether it was treated with subsurface applications of 2,4-D. We did not observe interactions between taxon and treatment or between genotype and treatment. Despite differences between M. spicatum and M. spicatum × sibiricum in average vegetative growth, there was substantial overlap between taxa. For example, we found that the fastest-growing genotype of pure M. spicatum did not differ significantly in average growth from the fastest-growing M. spicatum × sibiricum genotype. The potential for overlap between these invasive Myriophyllum taxa suggests that distinguishing and characterizing genotypes may be more informative for management than simply distinguishing between M. spicatum and M. spicatum × sibiricum.
The Hero of “the Noble Afshar People”: Reconsidering Nader Shah's Claims to Lineage and Legitimacy
Authors: Karamustafa Ali Aydin
Published: February 2022

This essay examines Nader Shah Afshar's attempts to legitimize his rule by dint of his Turkic background. Over the course of his rise to power and reign, Nader consistently argued that his Afshar and Turkman affiliations granted him the right to rule over Iranian territory as an equal to his Ottoman, Mughal, and Central Asian contemporaries. Aided by his chief secretary and court historian, Mīrzā Mahdī Astarābādī, Nader's assertions paralleled those found in popular narratives about the history of Oghuz Turks in Islamic lands. This element of Nader's political identity is often overlooked by historians because it did not outlive the brief Afsharid period, but it demonstrates how the Safavid collapse led to the circulation of dynamic new claims to Iranian and Islamic political power.
Phylogenetic positions of Paronychomys Jacobs and Basirepomys Korth and De Blieux relative to the tribe Neotomini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Authors: Kelly Thomas S. , Martin Robert A.
Published: February 2022

A recent study on the fossil history of North American woodrats and their relatives suggested that the Neotomini includes two subtribes: the Neotomina (woodrats; Tsaphanomys, Neotoma, Hodomys, Xenomys) and Galushamyina (reprats: Protorepomys, Galushamys, Miotomodon, Repomys, Nelsonia). The extinct Miocene Lindsaymys was proposed as a possible early neotominan, but not formally included in the Neotomini. In other studies, two extinct genera, Basirepomys and Paronychomys, occasionally have been treated as related to neotominans, but their ancestry had not been formally explored in detail. We performed a phylogenetic analysis on representatives of all genera with 40 dental and mandibular characters likely to be preserved in fossil material. The analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree supporting a neotominan-galushamyinan tribal classification of the Neotomini, and securely placed Lindsaymys within the Neotomina. None of the Basirepomys and Paronychomys species or Protorepomys bartlettensis nested within the Neotomini. The three Basirepomys species, possibly a paraphyletic group, are not closely related to Repomys, and Paronychomys (minus P. shotwelli = Tsaphanomys shotwelli) is not closely related to Onychomys, but is a possible sister group to the Neotomini. With the understanding that further study may remove it from Protorepomys, P. bartlettensis is tentatively retained within the genus, representing a relatively underived species possibly ancestral to both neotominan clades. Neotoma species of the extinct subgenus Paraneotoma and extant Neotoma may be paraphyletic at the generic level, but that determination will require further study.
The efficacy of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Ying-Chih , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Su Min-I , Huang Wei-Lieh
Published: February 2022

The effects of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation (NINCEN) on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance are inconsistent in different studies. Previous meta-analyses on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cerebral electrotherapy stimulation (CES) suggested that these methods are effective on depression. However, not all types of NINECN were included; results on anxiety and sleep disturbance were lacking and the influence of different populations and treatment parameters was not completely analyzed. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles and CINAHL before March 2021 and included published randomized clinical trials of all types of NINCEN for symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep in clinical and non-clinical populations. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The main outcome was change in the severity of depressive symptoms after NINCEN treatment. A total of 58 studies on NINCEN were included in the meta-analysis. Active tDCS showed a significant effect on depressive symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.544), anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.667) and response rate (odds ratio = 1.9594) compared to sham control. CES also had a significant effect on depression (Hedges' g = 0.654) and anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.711). For all types of NINCEN, active stimulation was significantly effective on depression, anxiety, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, etc. Our results showed that tDCS has significant effects on both depression and anxiety and that these effects are robust for different populations and treatment parameters. The rational expectation of the tDCS effect is ‘response’ rather than ‘remission’. CES also is effective for depression and anxiety, especially in patients with disorders of low severity.
Developmental relations between facets of morphological awareness in Chinese: a latent change score modeling study
Authors: Koh Poh Wee , Wagner Richard K. , Quinn Jamie M. , Yi Hui , Li Miao , Li Hong
Published: February 2022

Chinese morphological awareness is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct but there is a lack of understanding of how its dimensions are related. Latent change score modeling was used to examine the bivariate relationships of two facets of oral morphological awareness, namely morpheme and structure awareness in Chinese children in grades one through three. Two hundred and three children in China completed morpheme (homonym awareness) and structure awareness (lexical compounding) tasks across the three grades (M = 6.66, SD = .30 at the first time point). Results indicated that growth in structure awareness was predicted in part by previous levels of morpheme awareness, suggesting that morpheme awareness leads the growth of structure awareness. Educational implications are discussed.
Incidence and risk factors of hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus among children aged less than 2 years
Authors: Na'amnih Wasef , Kassem Eias , Tannous Shebly , Kagan Viktoria , Jbali Athar , Hanukayev Elizabeth , Freimann Sarit , Obolski Uri , Muhsen Khitam
Published: February 2022

The study aim was to examine the incidence and risk factors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis hospitalisations and disease severity among infants. We compared demographic and health characteristics of children aged 0–23 hospitalised for RSV bronchiolitis (cases, n = 1227) during 2008–2018 and control children (n = 554) of the same age admitted for non-respiratory disease. RSV antigen was detected in nasal swabs by immunochromatography. Multiple logistic regression models were applied. The average annual incidence of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis was 12.6 per 1000 and 1.7 per 1000 (P < 0.001) among infants and toddlers, respectively, with winter seasonality (November–March). The risk of hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis increased among children aged 0–5 months (OR 7.66; 95% CI 5.61–10.45) and 6–11 months (OR 12.88, 95% CI 8.48–19.55), compared to those aged 12–23 months. Additional risk factors were living in low vs. higher socio-economic status towns (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14–1.95), having chronic medical conditions (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.61–4.70), birth month (October–January vs. June–September) (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.60–2.99) and history of stay in neonatal intensive care unit at birth (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.27–4.41). Male children and those who had pneumonia were more likely to have severe RSV bronchiolitis. In conclusion, the burden of hospitalisations for RSV bronchiolitis is high, especially in young infants. Effective preventive measures such as RSV active vaccines can reduce the risk of hospitalisations for RSV bronchiolitis among these vulnerable groups.
Palliative vertical vein stenting in a critical neonate with obstructed infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Chaturvedi Kanupriya , Deshmukh Apurva , Thakur Prashant , Lal Amit , Prabhu Atul
Published: February 2022

Neonatal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection has an incidence of about ∼1–2%.1 The clinical presentation of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the neonatal period is dependent on the presence or absence of pulmonary venous obstruction, which is usual when the veins connect to the umbilicovitelline system, as in infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection presents with severe respiratory distress, metabolic acidosis, and cyanosis and requires urgent surgical intervention. However, critically ill neonates with obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection have a higher surgical morbidity and mortality, and pre-operative stabilisation can improve outcomes in them. We present a case of a septic term neonate with obstructed infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection who underwent emergency palliative stent placement for immediate relief of pulmonary venous obstruction.
Decision-making depends on language: A meta-analysis of the Foreign Language Effect
Authors: Del Maschio Nicola , Crespi Federico , Peressotti Francesca , Abutalebi Jubin , Sulpizio Simone
Published: February 2022

In the present meta-analysis, we investigated the robustness and the magnitude of the Foreign Language Effect (FLE) – that is, the putative effect of language context (native versus foreign language) on decision-making. We also investigated whether the FLE is moderated by language experience – measured by second language age of acquisition and proficiency – or by methodological choices – the types of decision problems adopted, the presentation modality of the tasks administered, and the perspective in which problems are framed. Our results showed a reliable FLE, which was not moderated by language experience or methodological choices. We discuss our findings in relation to available theories of FLE, and indicate possible future directions to improve our understanding of the interplay between bilingualism and decision-making.