bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Trend of Antibiotic Resistance in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs): An Experience in a Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Ullah Borkot , Ahmed Sohel , Shahariar Masum , Yesmine Saquiba
Published: August 2016

Lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) are responsible for the vital causes of morbidity and mortality in all ages. In recent years, antibiotic resistance among respiratory pathogens is increasing emergently. The present study aimed to find out the bacterial etiology of LRTIs in Bangladesh and to update the clinicians about the current scenario of antibiotic resistance in lower respiratory tract infections. A total 64 bacterial pathogens from 100 patients with LRTIs were isolated from sputum specimens from a teaching hospital in Savar, Bangladesh between July- 2014 to June- 2015. The sputum specimens received within this year were subjected to analysis with microscopy, culture and susceptibility testing using conventional bacteriologic methods. Out of 100 processed sputum samples 64 (64%) cases had established bacterial etiology. Staphylococcus aureus (57.81%) was found to be the predominant organism in LRTIs followed by Streptococcus pneumonia (25%), Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species. Males (64.06%) were found to be more susceptible to LRTIs than that of females (35.93%). In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, grampositive organisms showed maximum sensitivity to imipenem (94.6%), meropenem (97.3%) and cefotaxime (75%). The resistance pattern varied for different organisms. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were mostly resistant to amoxicillin and ceftazidime (89.2%), whereas, Streptococcus pneumonia was to ceftazidime, amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole (81.2%). In case of gram negative isolates, Klebsiella sp. was mostly resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and amoxicillin (100%). Escherichia coli were resistant to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and vancomycin (100%). Therefore, appropriate identification of the causative organisms and their antibiotic resistance is crucial for right choice of antibiotic therapy in LRTIs.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 85-91, 2016
Bacterial assessment of street-vended hog plum (Spondias mombin) and its public health importance
Authors: Siddiqu A , Nasrin S , Moonmoon M , Islam MA , Khatun MM
Published: August 2016

To determine the microbial load of hog plum (Spondias mombin) (Local name Amra) sold by street vendors at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus and Mymensingh city, samples of raw hog plum wash (n = 5), hand wash of vendors (n = 5), knife wash (n = 5) and stick wash (n = 5) were collected from five different hog plum vendors. Microbial quality of hog plums was assessed by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC). Samples were inoculated into Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol Salt (MS) agar. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were confirmed by sugar fermentation and biochemical tests. TVC ranged from log 6.9 to 6.8 cfu/mL in raw hog plum wash, log 6.9 to 5.8 cfu/mL in vendors' hand wash, log 5.9 to 4.9 cfu/mL in stick wash and log 5.3 to 5.2 cfu/mL in knife wash samples. TCC of raw hog plum wash sample was log 3.4 to 2.3 cfu/mL and in vendors hand wash samples log 3.4 to 1.3 cfu/mL. TCC were not detected in stick and knife wash samples. TSC ranged from log 4.6 to 4.6 cfu/mL in raw hog plum wash, log 5.7 to 4.6 cfu/mL in vendors' hand wash, log 4.6 to 3.6 cfu/mL in stick wash and log 4.5 to 4.5 cfu/mL in knife wash samples. Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and vancomycin and resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin. E. coli were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin, penicillin G and cephalexin. It is indicated that hog plum sold at BAU campus and Mymensingh city street harbour multidrug-resistant food-borne bacteria causing possible public health hazards.Bangl. vet. 2015. Vol. 32, No. 1, 19-26
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Basolateral Amygdala: Targeting Technique and Electrodiagnostic Findings
Authors: Langevin Jean-Philippe , Chen James , Koek Ralph , Sultzer David , Mandelkern Mark , Schwartz Holly , Krahl Scott
Published: August 2016

The amygdala plays a critical role in emotion regulation. It could prove to be an effective neuromodulation target in the treatment of psychiatric conditions characterized by failure of extinction. We aim to describe our targeting technique, and intra-operative and post-operative electrodiagnostic findings associated with the placement of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in the amygdala. We used a transfrontal approach to implant DBS electrodes in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLn) of a patient suffering from severe post-traumatic stress disorder. We used microelectrode recording (MER) and awake intra-operative neurostimulation to assist with the placement. Post-operatively, the patient underwent monthly surveillance electroencephalograms (EEG). MER predicted the trajectory of the electrode through the amygdala. The right BLn showed a higher spike frequency than the left BLn. Intra-operative neurostimulation of the BLn elicited pleasant memories. The monthly EEG showed the presence of more sleep patterns over time with DBS. BLn DBS electrodes can be placed using a transfrontal approach. MER can predict the trajectory of the electrode in the amygdala and it may reflect the BLn neuronal activity underlying post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD. The EEG findings may underscore the reduction in anxiety.
The Antitumor Effect of Metformin Is Mediated by miR-26a in Breast Cancer
Authors: Cabello Paula , Pineda Begoña , Tormo Eduardo , Lluch Ana , Eroles Pilar
Published: August 2016

Metformin, a drug approved for diabetes type II treatment, has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of breast cancer and metastasis and increased survival in diabetic breast cancer patients. High levels of miR-26a expression have been proposed as one of the possible mechanisms for this effect; likewise, this miRNA has also been associated with survival/apoptosis processes in breast cancer. Our aim was to evaluate if miR-26a and some of its targets could mediate the effect of metformin in breast cancer. The viability of MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was evaluated with an MTT assay after ectopic overexpression and/or downregulation of miR-26a. Similarly, the expression levels of the miR-26a targets CASP3, CCNE2, ABL2, APAF1, XIAP, BCL-2, PTEN, p53, E2F3, CDC25A, BCL2L1, MCL-1, EZH2, and MTDH were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effect of metformin treatment on breast cancer cell viability and miR-26a, BCL-2, PTEN, MCL-1, EZH2, and MTDH modulation were evaluated. Wound healing experiments were performed to analyze the effect of miR-26a and metformin treatment on cell migration. MiR-26a overexpression resulted in a reduction in cell viability that was partially recovered by inhibiting it. E2F3, MCL-1, EZH2, MTDH, and PTEN were downregulated by miR-26a and the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) protein was also reduced after miR-26a overexpression. Metformin treatment reduced breast cancer cell viability, increased miR-26a expression, and led to a reduction in BCL-2, EZH2, and PTEN expression. miR-26a inhibition partly prevents the metformin viability effect and the PTEN and EZH2 expression reduction. Our results indicate that metformin effectively reduces breast cancer cell viability and suggests that the effects of the drug are mediated by an increase in miR-26a expression and a reduction of its targets, PTEN and EHZ2 Thus, the use of metformin in breast cancer treatment constitutes a promising potential breast cancer therapy.
Effects of Sputtering Parameters on AlN Film Growth on Flexible Hastelloy Tapes by Two-Step Deposition Technique
Authors: Peng Bin , Gong Dongdong , Zhang Wanli , Jiang Jianying , Shu Lin , Zhang Yahui
Published: August 2016

AlN thin films were deposited on flexible Hastelloy tapes and Si (100) substrate by middle-frequency magnetron sputtering. A layer of Y2O3 films was used as a buffer layer for the Hastelloy tapes. A two-step deposition technique was used to prepare the AlN films. The effects of deposition parameters such as sputtering power, N2/Ar flow rate and sputtering pressure on the microstructure of the AlN thin films were systematically investigated. The results show that the dependency of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of AlN/Y2O3/Hastelloy on the sputtering parameters is similar to that of AlN/Si (100). The FWHM of the AlN (002) peak of the prepared AlN films decreases with increasing sputtering power. The FWHM decreases with the increase of the N2/Ar flow rate or sputtering pressure, and increases with the further increase of the N2/Ar flow rate or sputtering pressure. The FWHM of the AlN/Y2O3/Hastelloy prepared under optimized parameters is only 3.7° and its root mean square (RMS) roughness is 5.46 nm. Based on the experimental results, the growth mechanism of AlN thin films prepared by the two-step deposition process was explored. This work would assist us in understanding the AlN film’s growth mechanism of the two-step deposition process, preparing highly c-axis–oriented AlN films on flexible metal tapes and developing flexible surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors from an application perspective.
Catalytic Oxidation of Phenol and 2,4-Dichlorophenol by Using Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4
Authors: Chang Qing , Huang Jia , Ding Yaobin , Tang Heqing
Published: August 2016

Graphene oxide/Fe3O4 (GO/Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted reverse co-precipitation method, and then horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was covalently immobilized onto GO/Fe3O4 with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as a cross-linking agent. In order to enhance the phenol removal efficiency and prevent the inactivation of the enzyme, the polyethylene glycol with highly hydrophilicity was added in this reaction, because the adsorption capacity for the polymer by degradation was stronger than the HRP. The results showed that the immobilized enzyme removed over 95% of phenol from aqueous solution. The catalytic condition was extensively optimized among the range of pH, mass ratio of PEG/phenol as well as initial concentration of immobilized enzyme and H2O2. The HRP immobilized on GO/Fe3O4 composite could be easily separated under a magnetic field from the reaction solution and reused.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Researching, Teaching, and Supporting Research Publication—Issues for Users of English as an Additional Language
Authors: Cargill Margaret
Published: August 2016

The ‘industry’ of research publication has now grown to mammoth proportions and its participants—authors, reviewers, editors, publishers and more—come from increasingly diverse locations and backgrounds, including of language.[...]
Bet‐hedging against larval herbivory and seed bank mortality in the evolution of heterocarpy
Authors: Kistenmacher Michael , Gibson J. Phil
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Bet‐hedging strategies maximize long‐term geometric fitness at the cost of reduced arithmetic fitness by offsetting different mortality risks. Heterocarpic systems accomplish bet‐hedging through the production of two or more fruit types that vary in dormancy and dispersal ability. It is unknown whether heterocarpy also offsets predispersal mortality risks. To address this question, we investigated whether heterocarpy in Grindelia ciliata (Asteraceae) also offsets mortality risks posed by a seed predator Schinia mortua (Noctuidae) to increase plant fitness.

METHODS:

We conducted two manipulative experiments to quantify critical life history components of this plant–insect interaction. We measured predispersal achene mortality from herbivory, postdispersal achene mortality in the seed bank, and seedling emergence. These measurements were then used in deterministic models to evaluate evolutionary consequences of predispersal seed mortality in G. ciliata.

KEY RESULTS:

Dormant achene types were less vulnerable to herbivory but more susceptible to mortality in the seed bank due to delayed seed emergence. Nondormant achene types experienced high predispersal mortality but low seed bank mortality due to rapid germination. Our herbivore‐dependent model improved fit between observed and expected proportions of dormant and nondormant G. ciliata achenes and showed that heterocarpy could evolve in the absence of postgermination mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study provides empirical support of how predispersal herbivory can be equally important to postdispersal seed mortality risks in the evolution and maintenance of a heterocarpic reproductive system and expands understanding of how bet‐hedging theory can be used to understand this unique reproductive strategy.
COMPOSITIONAL HOMOGENEITY OF CM PARENT BODIES
Authors: Vernazza P. , Marsset M. , Beck P. , Binzel R. P. , Birlan M. , Cloutis E. A. , DeMeo F. E. , Dumas C. , Hiroi T.
Published: August 2016

CM chondrites are the most common type of hydrated meteorites, making up ∼1.5% of all falls. Whereas most CM chondrites experienced only low-temperature (∼0°C–120°C) aqueous alteration, the existence of a small fraction of CM chondrites that suffered both hydration and heating complicates our understanding of the early thermal evolution of the CM parent body(ies). Here, we provide new constraints on the collisional and thermal history of CM-like bodies from a comparison between newly acquired spectral measurements of main-belt Ch/Cgh-type asteroids (70 objects) and existing laboratory spectral measurements of CM chondrites. It first appears that the spectral variation observed among CM-like bodies is essentially due to variations in the average regolith grain size. Second, the spectral properties of the vast majority (unheated) of CM chondrites resemble both the surfaces and the interiors of CM-like bodies, implying a “low” temperature (<300°C) thermal evolution of the CM parent body(ies). It follows that an impact origin is the likely explanation for the existence of heated CM chondrites. Finally, similarly to S-type asteroids and (2) Pallas, the surfaces of large (D > 100 km)—supposedly primordial—Ch/Cgh-type main-belt asteroids likely expose the interiors of the primordial CM parent bodies, a possible consequence of impacts by small asteroids (D < 10 km) in the early solar system.
LOW MACH NUMBER MODELING OF CONVECTION IN HELIUM SHELLS ON SUB-CHANDRASEKHAR WHITE DWARFS. II. BULK PROPERTIES OF SIMPLE MODELS
Authors: Jacobs A. M. , Zingale M. , Nonaka A. , Almgren A. S. , Bell J. B.
Published: August 2016

The dynamics of helium shell convection driven by nuclear burning establish the conditions for runaway in the sub-Chandrasekhar-mass, double-detonation model for SNe Ia, as well as for a variety of other explosive phenomena. We explore these convection dynamics for a range of white dwarf core and helium shell masses in three dimensions using the low Mach number hydrodynamics code MAESTRO. We present calculations of the bulk properties of this evolution, including time-series evolution of global diagnostics, lateral averages of the 3D state, and the global 3D state. We find a variety of outcomes, including quasi-equilibrium, localized runaway, and convective runaway. Our results suggest that the double-detonation progenitor model is promising and that 3D dynamic convection plays a key role.
KEPLER-1647B: THE LARGEST AND LONGEST-PERIOD KEPLER TRANSITING CIRCUMBINARY PLANET
Authors: Kostov Veselin B. , Orosz Jerome A. , Welsh William F. , Doyle Laurance R. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Haghighipour Nader , Quarles Billy , Short Donald R. , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , Ford Eric B. , Gregorio Joao , Hinse Tobias C. , Isaacson Howard , Jenkins Jon M. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Kane Stephen , Kull Ilya , Latham David W. , Lissauer Jack J. , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Mazeh Tsevi , Müller Tobias W. A. , Pepper Joshua , Quinn Samuel N. , Ragozzine Darin , Shporer Avi , Steffen Jason H. , Torres Guillermo , Windmiller Gur , Borucki William J.
Published: August 2016

We report the discovery of a new Kepler transiting circumbinary planet (CBP). This latest addition to the still-small family of CBPs defies the current trend of known short-period planets orbiting near the stability limit of binary stars. Unlike the previous discoveries, the planet revolving around the eclipsing binary system Kepler-1647 has a very long orbital period (∼1100 days) and was at conjunction only twice during the Kepler mission lifetime. Due to the singular configuration of the system, Kepler-1647b is not only the longest-period transiting CBP at the time of writing, but also one of the longest-period transiting planets. With a radius of 1.06 ± 0.01 R
Jup, it is also the largest CBP to date. The planet produced three transits in the light curve of Kepler-1647 (one of them during an eclipse, creating a syzygy) and measurably perturbed the times of the stellar eclipses, allowing us to measure its mass, 1.52 ± 0.65 M
Jup. The planet revolves around an 11-day period eclipsing binary consisting of two solar-mass stars on a slightly inclined, mildly eccentric (e
bin = 0.16), spin-synchronized orbit. Despite having an orbital period three times longer than Earth’s, Kepler-1647b is in the conservative habitable zone of the binary star throughout its orbit.
Devenir parents
Authors: Geay Bertrand , Humeau Pierig
Published: August 2016

Il est peu de comportements sociaux qui semblent aujourd’hui aller de soi autant que celui consistant à vouloir « avoir un enfant ». À partir de l’exploitation secondaire de deux enquêtes nationales (l’ Enquête histoire familiale et l’ Étude des relations familiales et intergénérationnelles ) et d’une étude qualitative longitudinale sur 50 familles, cet article analyse les différentes manières d’entrer dans la vie de famille. Sont tout d’abord examinés les principaux déterminants des variations des modes d’accès au statut de parent. On propose ensuite une approche synthétique de ces variations, à la fois statistique et ethnographique, en reconstituant l’espace des différenciations sociales à l’œuvre dans la production des représentations de la famille et des manières d’entrer dans la vie. Des fractions les plus précaires des classes populaires aux différentes fractions des classes dominantes, on analyse ainsi le poids relatif des ressources économiques et culturelles, des origines sociales, de la trajectoire scolaire et des parcours d’entrée dans la vie dans la constitution des stratégies de reproduction telles qu’on peut les saisir au moment où l’on devient parent.
« Au nom de la famille ». Entretien avec Judith Stacey
Authors: Lerch Arnaud , Stacey Judith , Lerch Arnaud
Published: August 2016

À partir de terrains et de méthodes variés (ethnographie, sociologie historique, cultural studies ), Judith Stacey a mené des recherches portant notamment sur les thèmes de la famille, du genre, de la sexualité et du féminisme. Son travail et son engagement pour ce qu’elle appelle « l’activisme intellectuel » l’ont amenée à participer très directement aux débats étasuniens sur la famille, au cœur d’enjeux indissociablement politiques, économiques et raciaux. On assiste à partir des années 1990 à l’émergence dans l’espace public et au déploie-ment à travers l’espace politique d’un nouveau discours familialiste, se revendiquant de la science plutôt que de la religion ou de la morale pour promouvoir les valeurs familiales, le modèle de la famille nucléaire traditionnelle et dénoncer les impacts sociaux des nouvelles réalités familiales. Des effets de la banalisation du divorce et des familles monoparentales à la reconnaissance de l’homoparentalité, les sciences sociales ont été convoquées de manière croissante dans ces débats, tantôt comme outil de légitimation des politiques publiques et des évolutions législatives, tantôt comme argument d’autorité au service des mobilisations de tous bords. Judith Stacey revient dans cet entretien sur 25 ans de « guerres de la famille », les controverses scientifiques qui les ont ponctué et auxquelles son travail a été directement mêlé, ainsi que sur les profondes évolutions culturelles qui en ont été la trame.
Clinically Relevant Complications of Drug-Food Interactions in Psychopharmacology
Authors: Carlo Andrew D. , Alpert Jonathan E.
Published: August 2016

Although often overlooked, the interaction of psychotropic medications with food or dietary health supplements can be clinically relevant, and in some cases it may be catastrophic. In this review, we highlight clinically significant drug-food interactions in psychiatry, including those related to hypertensive crises with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, absorption of medications (such as levothyroxine, ziprasidone, and lurasidone), coadministration with food, the excretion of lithium and other medications in the setting of dietary changes, and the impact of grapefruit juice, St. John's wort, cruciferous vegetables, charbroiled meats, dietary supplements, and alcohol on drug metabolism. Routine inquiry about dietary habits and use of dietary supplements as well as enhanced anticipation and monitoring for potential drug-food interactions is an integral component of optimal psychopharmacologic practice.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(8):448–455.]
Mindfulness as a Path of Women's Empowerment
Authors: FURLAN ŠTANTE Nadja
Published: August 2016

The paper brings together social mindfulness as a path of empowerment for women within its concept of the interrelatedness of all beings in the web of life. The paradigm of social mindfulness is thus established as the foundation of feminist spirituality. The focus of this work is on the possibility of applying the ethics of mindfulness as a paradigm to interpersonal interrelatedness. The relations among humans, nature, reason and emotion in self-development are confronted with the paradigm of mindfulness. This paper carries out a theoretical analysis of the possibility of integrating the paradigm of mindfulness with the paradigm of feminist spirituality. In this view, the paradigm shift toward integrating spiritual and social justice and ecological balance is examined. It also examines possibility of transformation of negative gender stereotypes with the help of mindfulness, loving kindness, compassion and ethics. From this point of view, the application of mindfulness in education (especially childhood, primary and secondary schools) is considered.
Parallels between Mindfulness and First-person Research into Consciousness
Authors: MARKIČ Olga , KORDEŠ Urban
Published: August 2016

The article highlights some of the parallels encountered in the areas of mindfulness and first-person scientific approaches to research into consciousness. It thus considers the possibilities of using mindfulness as a scientific method in the area of cognitive science. We are well aware that both first-person research approaches in cognitive science and mindfulness as a type of Buddhist practice are intertwined with certain conceptual frameworks. This calls for a careful consideration of their individual characteristics, which may gain completely different meanings outside of their primary contexts. Since the concept of mindfulness has been a part of Western thinking for some time now, especially in the area of therapy, we believe it is necessary for a critical reflection on the possibilities of both of these areas to inspire each other. We touch upon some of the important epistemological and methodological questions, and point out some of the problems common to both empirical first-person research and Buddhist methods of contemplation of experience. More specifically, this work examines the problem of limited scope of insight, the subject-object split and excavation fallacy, the problem of researching everyday experience, and the issue of horizon. We also consider the question of research intention in both science and Buddhism. The conclusion gives some suggestions as to how these two areas might mutually benefit one another. We also point out the ethical aspects that Buddhism might contribute to scientific research, and the open-endedness that science could contribute to Buddhism and other spiritual practices.
Sitting with the Demons – Mindfulness, Suffering, and Existential Transformation
Authors: VÖRÖS Sebastjan
Published: August 2016

In the article, I critically evaluate some common objections against contemporary approaches to mindfulness meditation, with a special focus on two aspects. First, I consider the claim that de-contextualized contemporary approaches may have serious ethical consequences (the so-called problem of “mindful sniper/zombie”); second, I investigate the suggestion that it may be misleading to construe mindfulness meditation as (simply) a relaxation and/or attention-enhancing technique, as it is sometimes accompanied by unpleasant, even terrifying phenomena (the so-called “dark night of the soul”). In the last two sections, I weave the two narratives together by putting forward the following claim: traditionally-minded criticisms of contemporary approaches are ultimately correct, but for the wrong reasons––the historical context is not important in itself, but because of the role it plays in confronting the practitioner with the fundamental existential questions. In this sense, mindfulness meditation can be conceived as an important, but not the only element of a broader process of overcoming existential angst, whose ultimate goal is not relaxation or enhanced attention, but rather a radical existential transformation.
New drilling of the early Aptian OAE1a: the Cau core (Prebetic Zone,
south-eastern Spain)
Authors: Ruiz-Ortiz Pedro Alejandro , Castro José Manuel , de Gea Ginés Alfonso , Jarvis Ian , Molina José Miguel , Nieto Luis Miguel , Pancost Richard David , Quijano María Luisa , Reolid Matías , Skelton Peter William , Weissert Helmut Jürg
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The Cretaceous was punctuated by several episodes of accelerated global change, defined as Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs), that reflect abrupt changes in global carbon cycling. The Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE1a; 120 Ma) represents an excellent example, recorded in all major ocean basins, and associated with massive burial of organic matter in marine sediments. The OAE1a is concomitant with the "nannoconid crisis", which is characterized by a major biotic turnover, and a widespread demise of carbonate platforms. Many studies have been published over the last decades on OAE1a's from different sections in the world, and provide a detailed C-isotope stratigraphy for the event. Nevertheless, new high-resolution studies across the event are essential to shed light on the precise timing and rates of the multiple environmental and biotic changes that occurred during this critical period of Earth history. Here we present a new drill core recovering an Aptian section spanning the OAE1a in southern Spain. The so-called Cau section was drilled in the last quarter of 2015. The Cau section is located in the easternmost part of the Prebetic Zone (Betic Cordillera), which represents platform deposits of the southern Iberian palaeomargin. The lower Aptian deposits of the Cau section belong to a hemipelagic unit (Almadich Formation), deposited in a highly subsident sector of the distal parts of the Prebetic Platform. Previous work on the early Aptian of the Cau succession has focused on stratigraphy, bioevents, C-isotope stratigraphy, and organic and elemental geochemistry. A more recent study based on biomarkers has presented a detailed record of the pCO2 evolution across the OAE1a (Naafs et al., 2016). All these studies reveal that the Cau section represents an excellent site to further investigate the OAE1a, based on its unusually high sedimentation rate and stratigraphic continuity, the quality and preservation of fossils, and the well-expressed geochemical signatures.
Desde una arqueología inclusiva, por un pasado mejor. Un ensayo epistemológico y axiológico
Authors: Escribano-Ruiz Sergio
Published: August 2016

En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de un marco epistemológico inclusivo que aborde la multivocalidad de los procesos históricos objeto de estudio y permita crear relatos históricos más plurales y representativos. Pero el relato sobre el pasado será mejor si, además de ser inclusivo a nivel epistemológico, también contribuye de alguna manera a mejorar la sociedad actual. Por ello se reclama una arqueología que incluya una preocupación axiológica y busque posibles ámbitos de aplicación para los resultados de sus investigaciones. Ejemplificamos esta reivindicación con un caso de estudio sobre cerámica, que subraya que los objetos cotidianos fueron y son utilizados en las estrategias de construcción social de la desigualdad. En este contexto se reclama la toma de consciencia de esta práctica en la actualidad y la renuncia a determinados recursos discursivos. Por ejemplo, se propone retomar el concepto inclusivo, este vez para oponerlo a la significación social del adjetivo exclusivo. Aunque todas estas reflexiones derivan de casos de estudio de arqueología histórica, pueden ser útiles a la arqueología en general, sin sesgo cronológico alguno.
Estudio preliminar del campamento romano de La Cabeza del Cid. (Hinojosa, Guadalajara, España)
Authors: Cerdeño Mª Luisa , Gamo Emilio
Published: August 2016

Los recientes estudios realizados en Hinojosa han permitido constatar la existencia de un recinto campamental de época romana-republicana. Este lugar, situado en el centro de Celtiberia, abre interesantes perspectivas para la investigación de dicho período histórico. Se presentan ahora los primeros resultados de su estudio.
Qualidade de Vida e Enfrentamento em Pacientes Submetidos à Hemodiálise
Authors: Viana Glavia , Kohlsdorf Marina
Published: August 2016

O tratamento dialítico afeta aspectos físicos psicológicos, familiares e sociais dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas como forma de lidar com demandas do tratamento dialítico, assim como avaliara qualidade de vida dos pacientes.A amostra foi composta por 40 pessoas em tratamento dialítico.Os instrumentos utilizados foram Questionário de Qualidade de Vida- SF-36 e a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP). Os resultados obtidos indicaram importantes correlações entre aspectos emocionais, sociais e físicos em relação a estado geral de saúde, saúde mental e enfrentamento focalizado na emoção. Destaca-se a importância de intervenções psicossociais eficientes, que possam minimizar os custos comportamentais envolvidos no tratamento dialítico e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Seguimento de Instruções Não Correspondentes em Crianças de Diferentes Idades
Authors: Biscouto Kátia Daniele , Schmidt Andréia , Veiga Dhayana Inthamoussu
Published: August 2016

A manutenção de desempenhos controlados por instruções não correspondentes pode ser atribuída a diferentes variáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de uma história experimental de apresentação de instruções correspondentes sobre o comportamento subsequente de seguir instruções não correspondentes, em um procedimento de operante livre. Doze crianças (3 a 8 anos) participaram de um jogo de caça ao tesouro. As primeiras pistas do jogo (correspondentes) indicavam corretamente onde encontrar mais pistas; sem sinalização de alteração de condição, pistas não correspondentes passaram a ser apresentadas. Os participantes mantiveram-se seguindo instruções (correspondentes ou não). Gradualmente, porém, passaram a dispensar mais tempo buscando pistas em locais não indicados pelas instruções não correspondentes. Discutem-se possíveis variáveis relacionadas à manutenção do desempenho instruído.
Virgínia Leone Bicudo: Pioneira da Psicologia e da Psicanálise no Brasil
Authors: Abrão Jorge Luis Ferreira
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo compor um esboço biográfico que trace a trajetória profissional de Virgínia Bicudo, destacando suas contribuições como pioneira da psicologia e da psicanálise no país. Assim, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo de natureza histórica, que empregou fontes orais e fontes documentais. Os resultados apontam que a atuação de Virgínia Bicudo tem duas fases distintas. A primeira, desenvolvida nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, voltada à aproximação entre a psicanálise e a saúde mental, por intermédio de ações preventivas junto a crianças com problemas escolares ou por intermédio da divulgação de informações relativas à educação infantil nos meios de comunicação. A segunda, que percorre as décadas de 1960 a 1980, caracteriza-se pela difusão do movimento psicanalítico no país.
Efeitos de um Manual de Instrução sobre o Repertório de Comportamentos de Acompanhantes de Crianças com Câncer
Authors: Brasiliense Izabel Cristina da Silva , Ferreira Eleonora Arnaud Pereira , Duarte Inaê Benchaya
Published: August 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos, em curto e em médio prazo, de um manual de instruções sobre comportamentos observados em acompanhantes e crianças com câncer durante realização de punção venosa em ambulatório. Participaram doze cuidadoras (idade média de 24 anos) de crianças cuja maioria (n= 8) tinha diagnóstico de leucemia. A coleta consistiu em uma observação antes da aplicação do manual e duas após o manual (efeito em curto e médio prazo). Observou-se diminuição significativa na taxa do comportamento de Desviar atenção do procedimento e uma tendência ao aumento na taxa do comportamento de Demonstrar carinho. Discute-se a efetividade do uso de manuais sobre mudanças comportamentais na área da saúde.
Insight em Macacos-Prego (Sapajus spp.) com Diferentes Contextos de Treino das Habilidades Pré-Requisitos
Authors: Neves Filho Hernando Borges , Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes de , Barros Romariz Da Silva , Rufino da Costa Juliane
Published: August 2016

Insight, na Psicologia Experimental, indica, tradicionalmente, a resolução súbita e espontânea de um determinado problema. O presente estudo verificou a ocorrência de resolução súbita em macacos-prego (Sapajus spp.) a partir do treino de habilidades pré-requisitos de uma tarefa. Adicionalmente o estudo avaliou se a manipulação do local de treino altera a topografia de solução do problema. Dois sujeitos foram treinados a: a) encaixar objetos e b) pescar objetos fora do alcance utilizando uma ferramenta. O treino das duas habilidades se deu de forma independente e em diferentes contextos. A tarefa final consistiiu em pescar um alimento fora do alcance encaixando um par de ferramentas nunca antes manuseado. Os dois sujeitos resolveram a tarefa, entretanto, nenhum apresentou um desempenho tipicamente de insight, na medida em que as resoluções foram pouco fluidas, com pausas entre suas etapas, e aparentemente sem direcionamento. Discute-se o papel do treino das habilidades pré-requisitos em ambientes diferenciados como um fator que dificulta a resolução da tarefa.
Práticas de Socialização Maternas e Problemas Externalizantes de Pré-escolares: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Alvarenga Patrícia , Lins Taiane , Paixão Catiele
Published: August 2016

Este estudo avaliou a estabilidade e as mudanças nas práticas de socialização maternas, nos problemas externalizantes e o impacto das práticas, aos 18 e 36 sobre os problemas externalizantes aos 36 e 48 meses da criança. Participaram do estudo 22 mães que responderam a uma entrevista sobre práticas e ao CBCL. Verificou-se um aumento de práticas coercitivas dos 18 para os 36 meses e uma redução nos problemas externalizantes dos 36 para os 48 meses. As punições verbais e físicas estiveram positivamente correlacionadas aos problemas externalizantes, enquanto explicações e negociações estiveram negativamente correlacionadas a essas queixas. Discute-se a influência do desenvolvimento da linguagem da criança sobre as práticas de socialização maternas, e a influência dessas práticas sobre os problemas externalizantes.
A Percepção dos Gestores Acerca do Desempenho de Trabalhadores com Diferentes Tipos de Deficiência
Authors: De Cássia Coelho Suzano Janayna , De Carvalho-Freitas Maria Nivalda , Pedrosa Gomes Tette Raissa , Regina Guimarães Brighenti Carla
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para o entendimento do processo de inserção de pessoas com deficiência (PcDs) no trabalho. O principal objetivo foi verificar se os gestores avaliam o desempenho das PcDs diferentemente, de acordo com o tipo de deficiência que possuem. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório com amostra de 123 gestores de PcDs, que atuam em 14 empresas localizadas no Espírito Santo/Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes critérios de avaliação de desempenho são utilizados pelos gestores, por tipo de deficiência. Porém, na análise qualitativa, os gestores, quando atuavam diretamente com pessoas de diferentes tipos de deficiência, evidenciaram a existência de similaridades na avaliação do desempenho dessas pessoas.
Neuropsicologia e Oncologia Pediátrica: um diálogo em emergência
Authors: Hazin Izabel , Garcia Danielle , Gomes Ediana Rosselly de Oliveira , Garcia Bruna Balaban , Da Silva Débora Sunaly Leite
Published: August 2016

Dados do INCA estimam que anualmente cerca de 11.530 casos de neoplasias são diagnosticados em crianças e adolescentes. O aumento do número de sobreviventes vem crescendo, junto com as sequelas cognitivas decorrentes da doença e de seu tratamento. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo discute acerca da pertinência do estabelecimento de diálogo entre a neuropsicologia e a oncologia. O artigo aborda os dois subtipos de câncer mais comuns na infância e adolescência: os tumores de fossa posterior e a leucemia linfoide aguda. A discussão será ilustrada com resultados oriundos de dois estudos distintos realizados em serviços públicos de referência no tratamento do câncer pediátrico na Região Nordeste do Brasil.
Cervical Spine Injuries in the Athlete
Authors: Schroeder Gregory D. , Vaccaro Alexander R.
Published: August 2016

Cervical spine injuries are extremely common and range from relatively minor injuries, such as cervical muscle strains, to severe, life-threatening cervical fractures with spinal cord injuries. Although cervical spine injuries are most common in athletes who participate in contact and collision sports, such as American football and rugby, they also have been reported in athletes who participate in noncontact sports, such as baseball, gymnastics, and diving. Cervical spine injuries in athletes are not necessarily the result of substantial spine trauma; some athletes have chronic conditions, such as congenital stenosis, that increase their risk for a serious cervical spine injury after even minor trauma. Therefore, physicians who cover athletic events must have a thorough knowledge of cervical spine injures and the most appropriate ways in which they should be managed. Although cervical spine injuries can be career-ending injuries, athletes often are able to return to play after appropriate treatment if the potential for substantial re-injury is minimized.
Prevalence of Obesity in Patients With Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Neal David Charles , Alford Travis Hall , Moualeu Amanda , Jo Chan-Hee , Herring John Anthony , Kim Harry K. W.
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease classically have been described as thin, small, and socioeconomically disadvantaged. Despite the obesity epidemic, no study has determined the prevalence of obesity in this patient population and its effect on treatment.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 150 patients (172 hips) with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease seen between 2009 and 2014. Patients were grouped based on body mass index at the initial visit. This cohort was analyzed on the basis of the treatment received and socioeconomic status.

Results: Of 150 patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, 16% were overweight and 32% were obese. Patients who were obese had a 2.8 lower likelihood of receiving a bony operation (confidence interval: 1.1 to 7.7). Obesity in patients with the disease was associated with later Waldenström stage at presentation (P = 0.003), lower median household income by zip code (P < 0.001), and greater use of government-funded health insurance (P < 0.001).

Discussion: Obesity is common in patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and is associated with a later stage of disease presentation.

Level of Evidence: Level III
De l’Université du rétablissement
Authors: Pelletier Jean-François , Boisvert Christine , Galipeau-Leduc Marie-Claude , Ducasse Christian , Pouliot-Morneau Denis , Bordeleau Julie
Published: August 2016

La neuro-imagerie permet d’observer et de comparer des groupes d’individus réagissant différemment lorsqu’exposés, en laboratoire, à des images provocatrices ou à des situations particulières. Pour certains, cette réaction impliquera des zones cérébrales davantage associées à l’émotivité, ce qui peut expliquer des déficits dits cognitifs ou d’attention faisant obstacle à leurs capacités d’apprentissage, d’abstraction et d’adaptation. On peut ainsi comparer des schémas de réactions qui ont été assez souvent répétés et observés pour que l’on puisse tirer certaines conclusions statistiques : en présence d’un même stimulus ou en situation de stress, le cerveau des personnes présentant par exemple un trouble obsessif-compulsif réagit différemment de celui de la population en général. Pour certains d’entre nous il est rassurant de constater, images à l’appui, que c’est telle partie du cerveau plutôt qu’une autre qui est surtout sollicitée dans une situation donnée. Cela « prouverait » que ce n’est pas intentionnellement que la réaction est plus émotive que rationnelle, le cas échéant. Par contre, pour d’autres, il est important d’être informés au moins autant des possibilités du rétablissement que d’identifier les dysfonctions et les causes apparemment anatomiques d’un problème de santé mentale. Dans un cas comme dans l’autre, cet accès à de l’information médicale et la possibilité pour les étudiants en rétablissement de dialoguer avec un scientifique sont à la base de tout un programme dit d’éducation thérapeutique et cette « Université du rétablissement » est ici introduite pour la première fois.
Adaptation et neurosciences II : adaptation biologique, psychique, sociale et psychopathologie
Authors: Desseilles Martin
Published: August 2016

Dans cet article, nous envisagerons l’individu, le milieu et les différents niveaux d’adaptation, en particulier l’adaptation biologique, l’adaptation psychique et l’adaptation sociale. Ces différents points seront chaque fois mis en lien avec les neurosciences. Nous finirons cet article en envisageant brièvement l’adaptation dans le contexte de la psychopathologie et sous la loupe des neurosciences.
Social Determinants of Health and Insurance Claim Denials for Preventive Care
Authors: Hoagland Alex , Yu Olivia , Horný Michal
Published: September 2024

Importance

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) eliminated out-of-pocket cost-sharing for recommended preventive care for most privately insured patients. However, patients seeking preventive care continue to face cost-sharing and administrative hurdles, including claim denials, which may exacerbate inequitable access to care.

Objective

To determine whether patient demographics and social determinants of health are associated with denials of insurance claims for preventive care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study of patients insured through their employers or the ACA Marketplaces used claims and remittance data from Symphony Health Solutions’ Integrated DataVerse from 2017 to 2020; analysis was completed from January to July 2024.

Exposure

Seeking preventive care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the frequency of insurer denials for preventive services across 5 categories: specific benefit denials, billing errors, coverage lapses, inadequate coverage, and other. Subgroup analysis was performed across patient household income, education, and race and ethnicity. Secondary outcomes included charges for denied claims, approximating patients’ remaining financial responsibility for care.

Results

A total of 1 535 181 patients received 4 218 512 preventive services in 2 507 943 unique visits (mean [SD] age at visits, 54.02 [13.19] years; 1 804 637 visits for female patients [71.96%]); 585 299 patients (23.30%) had an annual household income $100 000 or higher, and 824 540 patients had some college education (32.88%). A total of 20 658 individuals (0.82%) were Asian, 139 950 (5.58%) were Hispanic, 219 646 (8.76%) were non-Hispanic Black, 1 372 223 (54.72%) were non-Hispanic White, and 25 412 (1.0%1) were other races and ethnicities not included in the other 4 groups. Of preventive claims, 1.34% (95% CI, 1.32%-1.36%) were denied, consisting mainly of specific benefit denials (0.67%; 95% CI, 0.66%-0.68%) and billing errors (0.51%; 95% CI, 0.50%-0.52%). The lowest-income patients had 43.0% higher odds of experiencing a denial than the highest-income patients (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.37-1.50; P < .001). The least educated enrollees had a denial rate of 1.79% (95% CI, 1.76%-1.82%) compared with 1.14% (95% CI, 1.12%-1.16%) for enrollees with college degrees. Denial rates for Asian (2.72%; 95% CI, 2.55%-2.90%), Hispanic (2.44%; 95% CI, 2.38%-2.50%), and non-Hispanic Black (2.04%; 95% CI, 1.99%-2.08%) patients were significantly higher than those for non-Hispanic White patients (1.13%; 95% CI, 1.12%-1.15%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of 1 535 181 patients seeking preventive care, denials of insurance claims for preventive care were disproportionately more common among at-risk patient populations. This administrative burden potentially perpetuates inequitable access to high-value health care.
Safety of Pregnancy and Delivery With Shunted Hydrocephalus
Authors: Discenza Marie , Papadakis Joanna E. , Little Sarah , Madsen Joseph R.
Published: September 2024

This cohort study examines the safety of cerebrospinal fluid shunts during pregnancy.
Are Psychiatric Nosologies Limiting the Success of Clinical Prediction Models?
Authors: Scott Isabelle , Nelson Barnaby
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the limitations of clinical prediction models in psychiatric research.
Challenges for pathologists in implementing clinical microbiome diagnostic testing
Authors: Gerasimova Yulia , Ali Haroon , Nadeem Urooba
Published: September 2024

Recent research has established that the microbiome plays potential roles in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases, including carcinomas. This discovery has led to significant interest in clinical microbiome testing among physicians, translational investigators, and the lay public. As novel, inexpensive methodologies to interrogate the microbiota become available, research labs and commercial vendors have offered microbial assays. However, these tests still have not infiltrated the clinical laboratory space. Here, we provide an overview of the challenges of implementing microbiome testing in clinical pathology. We discuss challenges associated with preanalytical and analytic sample handling and collection that can influence results, choosing the appropriate testing methodology for the clinical context, establishing reference ranges, interpreting the data generated by testing and its value in making patient care decisions, regulation, and cost considerations of testing. Additionally, we suggest potential solutions for these problems to expedite the establishment of microbiome testing in the clinical laboratory.