bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SILABUS PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS KOLABORASI
Authors: Jaja -
Published: June 2020

Silabus pembelajaran merupakan salah satu bentuk rencana pembelajaran yang memegang peran penting dalam keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar pada khususnya dan pencapaian kurikulum pada umumnya. Oleh karena itu, guru, termasuk guru bahasa dan sastra Indonesia, harus menyusun silabus pembelajaran sebelum proses belajar mengajar dilaksanakan. Kegiatan penyusunan dan pengembangan silabus pembelajaran yang baik dan bermutu tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui kolaborasi.
PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS CERITA PENDEK DENGAN METODE COPY THE MASTER UNTUK MAHASISWA
Authors: Masrurih -
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini membahas pembelajaran menulis cerita pendek dengan metode copy the master untuk mahasiswa. Secara umum metode copy the master ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (i) dapat meningkatkan minat baca mahasiswa terhadap karya sastra, khususnya cerita pendek, (ii) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam keterampilan menulis cerita pendek, dan (iii) dapat dijadikan alternatif oleh dosen untuk pembelajaran menulis cerita pendek. Keberhasilan itu ditandai oleh peran dosen sebagai motivator, fasilitator, dan pengarah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.
DISIPLIN BERBAHASA: SEBUAH ALTERNATIF PEMBINAAN TERHADAP PEMAKAI BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Nurzaman Bela
Published: June 2020

Kedudukan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional tampaknya mulai meredup dewasa ini. Bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional di antaranya berfungsi sebagai lambang identitas nasional, alat pemersatu masyarakat yang berbeda latar belakag sosial budaya dan bahasanya, serta sebagai alat perhubungan antarbudaya antardaerah mulai ditinggalkan oleh penutur aslinya. Penggunaan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar kini mulai mengalami pergeseran di kalangan pemakainya. Hal demikian bukan tidak mungkin akan menjadi masalah bagi eksistensi bahasa Indonesia. Pemakai bahasa Indonesia perlu dibina. Bukan berarti anti terhadap bahasa asing, namun seorang pemakai bahasa juga harus punya sikap bahasa yang positif dan kebanggaan terhadap bahasa bangsanya. Salah satu sikap bahasa yang dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk pembinaan bahasa ialah dengan disiplin berbahasa. Disiplin berbahasa nasional merupakan pematuhan aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan memperhatikan situasi dan kondisi pemakaiannya. Setiap warga negara Indonesia, pada dasarnya adalah pemakai sekaligus pembina bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan utama pembinaan bahasa Indonesia ialah menumbuhkan dan membina sikap positif terhadap bahasa Indonesia.
KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK TUTURAN KELOMPOK SOSIAL TERTENTU DAN PEMANFAATNYA UNTUK KOMUNIKASI PERSUASIF PADA PELATIHAN MEMBATIK
Authors: Fajri Khoirul
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tuturan kelompok sosial dilihat dari berbagai hal diantaranya konteks dan situasi tutur dengan menitik beratkan kepada kajian proses cara berfikir melalui bahasa yang diucapkan. Dari kajian tersebut bisa dijadikan sebagai pendekatan dalam komunikasi serta bisa menganalisis cara berfikir melalui bahasa yang diucapkan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai komunikasi persuasif kepada kelompok sosial tersebut. Dari hasil kajian tuturan, peneliti memanfaatkannya sebagai komunikasi persuasif pada pelatihan membatik pelatihan tersebut diambil karena yang diambil bukan hanya komunikasi persuasifnya saja melainkan ditambahkan dengan pelatihan membatik disesuaikan dengan karakter masyarakat sebagai modal keterampilan untuk dimiliki dalam menjalani kehidupan atau memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya.Penelitian ini memerlukan beberapa tahapan analisis diantaranya, a) peneliti melakukan wawancara dan observasi dengan tujuan memperoleh kajian tuturan kepada narasumber; b) studi dokumentasi digunakan sebagai pengumpulan data hasil observasi dengan menyimpan hasil dokumentasi wawancara dan observasi; d) setelah data tersebut terkumpul lalu dianalisis dengan pengelompokan atau pengorganisasian secara interaktif dan terus menerus secara utuh dengan aktifitas reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan.Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa, hasil dari pemanfaatan kajian tuturan untuk komunikasi persuasif dalam pelatihan membatik menunjukkan peningkatan 90% terhadap perubahan pola berfikir dan motivasi kepada masyarakat untuk berusaha dan bekerja dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS NEGOSIASI BERBANTUAN MEDIA VIDEO PADA KELAS X SMA
Authors: Mascita Dede Endang , Pujiatna Tri , Kuntari Rhici Prisilia
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelas X SMA N 1 Banjarharjo guna mendeskrispkan adatidakya pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis proyek dalam menulis teks negosasiasi dengan bantuan video. Sampel penelitian ini adalah X MIPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIPA 2 sebagai kelas pembanding. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan tes dan obeservasi. Teknik tes digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks negosiasi. Teknik tes yang digunakan berupa tes awal dan tes akhir. Teknik observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui aktivitas belajar siswa dilakukan observasi pada proses pembelajaran di dua kelas tersebut. Berdasarkan uji test dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 22 terhadap nilai tes akhir yang diperoleh kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari uji statistik yang diperoleh nilai Sig sebesar 0,036. Nilai Asymp Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,036 < 0,05, yang artinya  ditolak dan  diterima. Artinya, ada perbedaan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Karena ada perbedaan yang signifikan, maka penerapan model berbasis proyek berbantuan media video terhadap hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran menulis teks negosiasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks negosiasi.
Tefenni Kurtarma Kazısından Çıkan İskeletlerin Antropolojik Analizi ve Bir Kafatası Deformasyonu Örneği
Authors: AYTEK Ahmet İhsan , YAVUZ Alper Yener , ÖZBEY Orhan , ŞAHİN Evren
Published: June 2020

Burdur ili, Pisidia bölgesinin önemli antik kentlerini barındırmaktadır. Yerleşimi Neolitik döneme kadar giden Burdur ilinde yapılmış ve halen yapılmakta olan kazılar, kentin geçmişine dair önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Buna rağmen, kentin geçmişini aydınlatacak antropolojik çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışmada, Burdur ili Tefenni ilçesinde bir okul inşaatı esnasında tespit edilen ve Bizans dönemine tarihlendirilen nekropol alanından çıkartılan insan iskeletlerinin antropolojik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kurtarma kazısı olarak yürütülen çalışmada nekropol alanının sadece küçük bir kısmında mezar açma işlemleri gerçekleştirilebilmiştir. İskeletler üzerinde yapılan antropolojik analizler sonucunda, 8’i yetişkin ve 8’i çocuk olmak üzere toplam 16 birey tespit edilmiştir. Bu bireylerin yaşları ve boy uzunlukları belirlenmiş, ayrıca iskelet üzerindeki patoloji ve varyasyonlar da incelenmiştir. Bir bireyin femur ve coxae kemiklerinde ileri derecede artrit tespit edilmiştir. İskelet serisi içerisinde karşılaşılan en önemli durum, 11-12 yaşlarında bir çocukta görülen kültürel kafatası deformasyonudur. İnsan etkisi ile kafatasının şeklinin değişmesine yol açan bu duruma ait bu örnek, antik dönem insanları için Burdur ilindeki ilk örnek durumundadır. Her ne kadar büyük bir iskelet serisi üzerinde gerçekleşmemiş olsa da, bu çalışma, az sayıda antropolojik çalışma ile temsil edilen Burdur ilinin antik geçmişine ait yeni bilgileri ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, Tefenni ilçesinde Bizans dönemine ait çok fazla bilginin olmaması da bu çalışmanın önemini arttırmaktadır.
Fanon's Lexical Intervention: Writing Blackness in Black Skin, White Masks
Authors: Calhoun Doyle
Published: June 2020

This essay provides a subtly new reading of Frantz Fanon's Peau noire, masques blancs ( Black Skin, White Masks; 1952) through a re-examination of one of its key terms: noirceur, or ‘blackness’. While noirceur slips easily into English translation as Blackness, it was never available or viable in French as a way to speak about Black identity, at least not before Fanon. Hence the need for Negritude. By considering Fanon's use of noirceur as a case of ‘semantic neologism’, I argue that Fanon's re-appropriation and resignification of the term played a role alongside the more spectacular ‘Negritude’ in the broader effort to represent — indeed, to lexicalize — Blackness in French.
‘(S)extremism’: Imagining Violent Women in the Twenty-First Century with Navine G. Khan-Dossos and Julia Kristeva
Authors: Downing Lisa
Published: June 2020

The neologism ‘(s)extremism’ indicates a nexus of ideas intrinsic to the way in which contemporary culture imagines the figure of the violent woman. First, it identifies the sexism visible in reactions to such women; secondly, it highlights the fact that these misogynistic responses are often predicated precisely on sex (i.e. on assumptions about woman's biological function), not (only) on gender; thirdly, it highlights the question mark that hovers over the issue of what extremism is — especially when applied to women. To examine and theorize these ideas, the article moves beyond existing works in critical terrorism studies and looks to research-informed art installations by international artist Navine G. Khan-Dossos, with whom the author has collaborated, and to the writings of Julia Kristeva who explores the link between female ‘extremism’ and ‘exceptionality’, and describes how feminism itself is constituted with regard to the socio-symbolic order as a form of terroristic violence.
Clinical and diagnostic approach to patient with vertigo and dizziness
Authors: Guseva A. L. , Makarov S. A. , Dyukova G. M. , Golubev V. L.
Published: June 2020

Diagnosis of vertigo and dizziness is a difficult challenge in various fields of medicine practice. In the article the diagnostic algorithm for the patient with dizziness and vertigo is presented. The main signs and symptoms (vertigo, nonspecific dizziness, disequilibrium, and presyncope), which are included in the subjective feeling of dizziness are analyzed. Possible diseases, accompanied with these symptoms, their clinical and instrumental evaluation are discussed. Special aspects of the complaints in peripheral vestibular disorders (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, bilateral; vestibulopathy, etc.), central vestibular disorders (stroke, etc.), functional dizziness are overviewed and main principals of their treatment are presented.
Prospects for application of physical exercises and phytotherapy in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Akhmedov V. A. , Melikov T. I.
Published: June 2020

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases rapidly increased in last years in developed countries and the rise witnessed in the rest of the world closely correlates with adopting a western lifestyle. These observations support the notion that a variety of environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. In the developed countries, peoples’ lifestyle has changed significantly, being affected by serious modifications in dietary habits and physical inactivity. Those changes in lifestyle may have a bearing on the course of the disease and require correction with the use of physical exercises and other non-drug methods of treatment.
Current opportunities for studying role of mucosal small intestine microbiota in development of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lyapina M. V. , Vakhrushev Ya. M.
Published: June 2020

Aims. Characterization of the composition of the enteric parietal microbiota and its role in impaired functional state of the small intestine (SI) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Materials and methods. 68 patients with MS were examined. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the near-wall microbiota of SI and the level of endotoxinemia were determined using an Agilent gas chromatograph with mass-selective and flame-ionization detectors. In evaluating the absorption function, substances that were not subjected to enzymatic processing, glucose and D-xylose, were used. The state of parietal digestion in the SI was evaluated by the results of the assimilation of sucrose disaccharide, and cavity digestion by the assimilation of soluble starch. Blood levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoproteins, triglycerides were determined. Carbohydrate metabolism was evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results. According to GC–MS data of microbial blood markers in patients with MS, parietal bacterial growth in SI increases due to opportunistic microbiota (bacteria such as Firmicutes, fungi of the genus Candida, Herpes Simplex viruses). In patients with increased absorption of monosaccharides in the postprandial period, inhibition of abdominal and parietal digestion is observed. In MS, an increase in the level of endotoxin in the blood by more than six times was established in comparison with the control group. A correlation study revealed a strong positive relationship between the degree of endotoxinemia increase and the level of atherogenicity coefficient.

Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that the interconnected violation of hydrolysis, resorption and parietal ecosystems in SI is an important link in the complex pathogenetic circle of MS.
Biliary dysfunction (according to recommendations of Rome IV): diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Minushkin O. N. , Maslovsky L. V. , Lvova N. V. , Legkova K. S. , Gordienko E. S. , Protsenko O. A. , Magomedrasulova A. V. , Shaposhnikova O. F.
Published: June 2020

The paper presents information on modern functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system, based on the recommendations of the Rome IV. Own studies on the effectiveness of treatment of biliary functional disorders with Niaspam (mebeverine hydrochloride) are presented. We studied 30 patients with biliary pain and functional disorders of the gallbladder. As a result of studies, it was found that the symptoms of biliary dysfunction stop in 83.3 % of patients, the contractility of the gallbladder is restored in 86.7 %. No side effects have been reported.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among railway locomotive drivers
Authors: Orlova N. V. , Starokozheva A. Ya.
Published: June 2020

Cardiovascular diseases in locomotive drivers are a factor limiting their working activity, as they can potentially increase the risks of accidents and disasters in rail transport. Working conditions of drivers are associated with occupational hazards that have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. A review of clinical studies examining the risk factors for cardiovascular disease indicates the significant role of psychological stress on the health status of drivers. It was revealed that the negative effects of stress on the cardiovascular system depend on work stress, work schedule, and also on social factors: job satisfaction, salary, quality of rest and sleep. The studies revealed a correlation between the development of cardiac rhythm disturbances of high gradations with psychoemotional stress and sleep apnea in locomotive drivers.
Analysis of results of treatment of patients with discolored teeth using different types of lumineers and composite veneers
Authors: Ivankova M. V. , Krikheli N. I.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the studywas to study the results of treatment of patients with discolored teeth using various types of lumineers and composite veneers.

Materials and methods.The study involved patients with discoloration of the teeth who underwent dental treatment: in group I (n = 10) – using lumineers made of ceranite ceramics, in group II (n = 10) – using modified lumineers made from lithium disilicate, in the group III (n = 20) – using composite veneers. The duration of follow-up after treatment was 24 months.

Results.According to the results of a two-year observation, and analysis of the effectiveness of treatment using lumineers made of ceramite ceramics Lumineers by Cerinate (USA), using modified lumineers made of lithium disilicate IPS e.max Press (Liechtenstein) and using IPS Empress direct (Liechtenstein) composite veneers was higher in the group using lumineers compared to composite veneers, but these differences were not statistically significant. Also, there were no statistically significant differences when using lumineers made of ceranite ceramics and modified lumineers made of lithium disilicate.
Enzymodiagnostics of ophthalmoherpes complications
Authors: Teryokhina N. A. , Reuk S. E.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the studyis to evaluate the possibility of using enzyme analysis of the tear and oral fluids to diagnose the complications of ophthalmoherpes in children. In case of herpetic keratitis in children, the distinctive features of enzyme activity are revealed depending on the clinical form and severity of ophthalmoherpes. This allows you to assess the intensity of inflammation, the effectiveness of treatment and predict the complications of the disease. Determination of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in tears can be used to identify myopia in children of preschool age. The study of the tear fluid allows you to expand the possibilities of non-invasive diagnosis of ophthalmoherpes in children.
The experience of using placenta preparations in dermatology and cosmetology (literature review)
Authors: Pereverzina N. O. , Avagumyan M. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim.A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed publications on placental drug (PD) therapy. The objectives of this review were to study the mechanisms of action of placenta preparations, as well as their effects in dermatology and cosmetology.

Materials and methods.A search was made in the databases PubMed, EuropePMC, Web of Science, Google Scholar for the keywords human placental extract, Laennec HPE and placenta. 3,957 publications were discovered for the period up to January 2020. After analysis, 3,878 publications were excluded due to data irrelevance.

Results.We have studied more than 3,957 publications on the topic of therapy with placenta drugs in various fields of medicine (taking into account literature reviews). A total of 47 representative original studies, clinical cases, and series of clinical observations were included in the review. Most studies were from Korea, India, and Japan.

Conclusion.Analysis results show that placenta preparations (Laennec et al.) can be used in various fields of medicine. The given clinical effects of placenta extracts are a consequence of the complex molecular composition of placental preparations. Over 4 thousand different proteins were found in the placenta, including growth factors, hormones, cytochromes, fibrinolysis factors, energy metabolism enzymes, estradiol, prostaglandins, enkephalins and other neuropeptides, a number of microelements (primarily significant amounts of organic zinc) were identified. A systematic analysis of the data shows that placenta preparations have established themselves as effective agents in the treatment of many pathologies. Nevertheless, one should not forget that there are contraindications to the use of PD, for example, pregnancy and lactation, childhood, allergic reactions to drugs and others. Therefore, such therapy is carried out only after consultation with specialists. In addition, further double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to examine all the possible effects of placenta preparations.
Role of intestinal microbiota in development of atopic dermatitis and methods of its treatment in case of its violation
Authors: Kruglova L. S. , Petriy M. N. , Gensler E. M.
Published: June 2020

Representatives of the normal microflora of intestinal biota perform a physiologically important function of maintaining the constancy of the internal environment of the body, take part in the formation of the immunobiological reactivity of the macroorganism. Violation of normocenosis contributes to the chronicity of pathological processes (in particular, atopic dermatitis).

Material and methods.Under supervision were 36 patients with atopic dermatitis. Before treatment, 86.1 % of patients had persistent or intermittent clinical symptoms of dysbiosis. Depending on the treatment, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 19) received an external preparation with zinc pyrithione (Cinokap® cream / spray depending on the prevailing clinical picture), specialized dermatocosmetics. In addition to topical therapy, patients of group 2 (n = 17) received Lactofiltrum® 2 tablets 3 times a day for 14 days.

Results.After 4 weeks, the total index of the DIHS index decreased in the 1st group by 78.8 %, in the 2nd group by 85.8 %, BRS decreased in the 1st group by 89.2 %, in the 2nd group by 97.1 %. By the end of the course of therapy, DIC improved by 62.4 and 84.1 %, respectively.

Conclusions.The inclusion of the drug Lactofiltrum® in the treatment complex leads to a more rapid and pronounced regression of skin rashes and subjective sensations, normalization of the gastrointestinal tract, which contributes to a significant improvement in the quality of life. The drug has a favorable safety profile, convenient to use.
Microbiological picture of onychopathy in psoriatic patients
Authors: Maximov I. S. , Kochergin N. G. , Novoselov V. S. , Ditmarova Z. S. , Ushakova D. I.
Published: June 2020

Objective.To evaluate the incidence of onychomycosis and bacterial contamination of onychopathy in patients with psoriasis.

Material and methods.The study included 86 patients with skin psoriasis and abnormal nail plates or isolated nail psoriasis. Patients nail plates examined in laboratory using direct microscopy with 20 % KOH, mycological culture Sabourauds Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol and сycloheximide, and bacteriological culture with indetification using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.

Results.Out of 86 patients, 27 (31.4 %) had onychomycosis (KOH-positive or KOH-negative with a positive result for dermatophytes in a culture study). Of the 27 patients with onychomycosis, 9 caused by pathogenic fungi, and 18 caused by opportunistic fungi. Of the 54 patients with nail psoriasis, 9 (16.7 %) had onychomycosis, 3 had dermatophytes, and 6 had opportunistic micromycetes. A total of 97 microbiological studies were conducted in 86 patients, in which the following microorganisms were detected: Staphylococcus caprae – 28 strains, Staphylococcus lugdunensis – 26, Staphylococcus epidermidis – 26, Staphylococcus haemolyticus – 15, Staphylococcus pettenkoferi – 13, Staphylococcus simulans – 11, Staphylococcus warneri – 8, Staphylococcus aureus – 5, Staphylococcus piscifermentans – 4, corinebacteria spp. – 3, Staphylococcus hominis – 3, Staphylococcus capitis – 3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 3, Staphylococcus pasteuri – 1, Staphylococcus cohnii – 1, Kocuria spp. – 1, Klebsiella pneumonia – 1.

Conclusion.In our study, onychomycosis was detected in 31.4 % of patients with psoriasis who have onychodystrophy. In psoriatic onychia, onychomycosis occurred in 16.7 % cases. Pseudomonas nail infection was observed in two patients, one in combination with nail psoriasis.
Problems of injection cosmetology: review of complications and methods for their correction
Authors: Ikonnikova E. V. , Gensler E. M.
Published: June 2020

Along with the increasing number of injection cosmetic procedures using various excipients, the number of complications also increases. The purpose of this review is to describe the most common adverse events associated with filler injections, as well as to identify the main preventive and therapeutic strategies. The review is of interest to practicing cosmetologists, dermatologists and plastic surgeons.
Clinical and functional correlations in patients with myocardial infarction on background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with various phenotypes
Authors: Kuzmichev B. Yu. , Prokofievа T. V. , Polunina O. S. , Polunina E. A. , Kuzmichyov K. Yu. , Lipnitskaya E. A.
Published: June 2020

Objective.To identify clinical and functional correlations in patients with myocardial infarction against the background of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with various phenotypes.

Materials and methods.188 patients were examined, from which the following groups were formed: control group – 50 patients, group 1–50 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), group 2–25 patients with MI against the background of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with emphysematous phenotype, group 3–20 patients with MI + COPD with chronic bronchitis phenotype, group 4–22 patients with MI + COPD with mixed phenotype and group 5–21 patients with MI + COPD with the phenotype with eosinophilia and bronchial asthma. Clinical examination of patients included assessment of complaints, medical history and history of life. Spirography on apparatus SP-100 Schiller (Switzerland) was used for the assessment of respiratory function. Echocardiography was performed on Acuson-Sequoia 512 echo scanner (Siemens). Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 12.0 (Stat Soft).

Results.The highest frequency of symptoms such as chest pain, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, tachycardia, cough with sputum was observed among patients with MI + COPD with chronic bronchitis phenotype. In this group of patients, the level of systolic blood pressure in the pulmonary artery and the left ventricular ejection fraction were the lowest.

Conclusion.Chronic bronchitis phenotype of COPD in patients with MI is the most prognostically unfavorable. It is associated with the severity of clinical manifestations, with signs of pulmonary hypertension and dysfunction of the left heart, that makes necessary to take into account the phenotypes of COPD in the care of patients with MI against the background of COPD and the allocation of chronic bronchitis phenotype as a criterion for an unfavorable prognosis of MI.
Chromogranin A and chromogranin B in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Lyubimova N. V. , Timofeev Yu. S. , Lebedeva A. V. , Kushlinsky N. E.
Published: June 2020

For the first time in Russia a comparative study of chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the pancreas was performed. We examined 50 primary patients with pancreatic NETs and 42 healthy people. The determination of CgA and CgB was performed in blood serum using standard enzyme-linked immunoassay test-systems (Chromogranin A NEOLISA, Eurodiagnostica; Human Chromogranin B, USCN). The levels of CgA and CgB in pancreatic NETs significantly differed from the control group. There was found the association between CgA levels and the dissemination of the process, while CgB demonstrated the properties of a marker independent from the tumor dissemination. The diagnostic sensitivity of CgA was 76 %, CgB – 68 %. Complex determination of CgA and CgB enhanced the diagnostic sensitivity to 84 %. Our data indicate the potential usefulness of complex CgA and CgB in the diagnosis of pancreatic NETs.
Cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy
Authors: Shavarova E. K. , Shkolnikova E. E. , Khomova I. A. , Chernomorets V. S. , Bazdyreva E. A.
Published: June 2020

Radiotherapy is an integral part of the cancer treatment, including with mediastinum, breast cancer. In this case, cardiovascular complications of the treatment are quite common. The long-term prognosis can be determined not only by the effectiveness of radiotherapy, but also by cardiovascular risks. A feature of cardiotoxicity of radiation therapy is the high probability of its occurrence in the delayed period of 3–30 years after treatment. The article highlights the results of published epidemiological studies of cardiotoxicity of radiotherapy, as well as the available screening algorithms for cardiovascular complications in patients who underwent radiotherapy. Own clinical observation of the early debut of coronary artery disease after combined chemoradiotherapy of diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is presented.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of kidney
Authors: Abbasova D. V. , Polikarpova S. B. , Markovich A. A. , Kirsanov V. Yu. , Kozlov N. A.
Published: June 2020

The most common anatomical localization of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are the digestive and bronchopulmonary systems, the total proportion of which exceeds 90 % of cases of this group of tumors. In turn, the remaining cases are represented by extremely rare primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck, skin, female genital organs, mammary gland, bladder and kidney. Due to the extremely rare observations and the lack of standardized approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the kidneys are of significant clinical interest. The true incidence of NENs of the kidney has not yet been established. We carried out a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment in National Medical Research Centre of Oncology n. a. N. N. Blokhin (Moscow, Russia) from 1992 to 2015. According to the results of a sample of patients among registered 12,013 cases of malignant neoplasms of the kidney with NEN of the kidney, the number of morphologically verified cases of NEN of the kidney was 9 cases (0.07 %). Among the patients included in the study group, the main part was represented by highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (7 cases; 77.8 %), small cell cancer (1 case; 11.1 %), large cell neuroendocrine cancer (1 case; 11.1 %). The average age of the patients was 51 years (40–63 years; median – 55 years), among which there were 4 women and 5 men. In addition, we conducted an analysis of the clinical, morphological and molecular biological characteristics of tumors with the study and assessment of the grade Ki-67, which was a determining factor in predicting survival and choosing treatment tactics.
Current regimens for use of vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer: role and place of oral dosage form, metronome therapy, combinations with anti-HER 2 drugs
Authors: Artamonova E. V.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the treatment of metastatic breast cancer is overall survival improvement, thus the search for new effective regimes of chemotherapy with low toxicity is especially important. Therefore chemotherapy is one of the options for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, for instance oral vinorelbine has shown consistant efficacy with a low toxicity profile. In this framework, an active and well tolerated oral CT option provides additional benefits for patients such as the possibilty of intake of the treatment at home and allows avoiding an intravenous infusion and alopecia if that is a priority for the patients. According to experts’ opinions vinorelbine is an efficient choice for first line of chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer along with anthracyclines and taxanes. A meta-analysis of published trials concluded that longer first-line CT duration is associated with a marginally longer OS and a substantially longer PFS. In this context oral vinorelbine may be chosen as a preferable treatment since treament with oral vinorelbine can go on substantianaly longer than treatment with many other drugs. Vinorelbine yielded equal or superiour results to both paclitaxel and docetaxel, when combined with trastuzumab in the HER-2-positive ABC in the HERNATA and TRAVIOTA trials. And finally oral vinorelbine can be used in new metronomic regimens in which drugs are adminstered frequently or continuously. This kind of treatment maintains low, prolonged and pharmacologically active plama concentrations of drugs to avoid toxicity associated with traditional chemotherapy regimens, while achieveing tumor responce. Thus vinorelbine can be used as one of the options of metastatic breast cancer treatment.
Waiters' craft-related actions studied from the perspective of time-geography
Authors: Eriksson Lars , Jonsson Inger M. , Öström Åsa
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to visualize, communicate and understand the vocational knowledge of a waiters craft, including how to perform table-setting and serving. The underlying theoretical perspectives are Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Craft Science, and Time-Geography. Basic time-geographical concepts used in the study are project, log, notation and constraint. The empirical data consist of two postulated serving methods wherein different procedures are identified. The data are based on the first author’s vocational experience and are described by logs of procedures. Questions in the logs concerning capacity, coupling, or authority constraints indicate limits to what is possible. Additionally, one of the serving methods is shown by a notation, displaying the waiter’s and the guests’ actions in relation to the procedures. The notation, complemented with a drawing of the room, provides knowledge about when, where, and for how long a serving procedure lasts. Through the use of time-geographical tools, the waiter’s craft procedures can be described and interpreted. Thus, it became possible to visualize, communicate, and acquire a deeper understanding of how the waiter in her vocational craft predicts and masters how time and materiality together with spatiality affect a meal event.
FIRST EXPERIENCE IN FULL-SPECTRUM COLONOSCOPY
Authors: Veselov V. V. , Nechipai A. M. , Poltoryhina E. A. , Vasilchenko A. V.
Published: June 2020

Colonoscopy with a forward-viewing camera leaves regions that are not visualized in detail. Thus development of video-enoscopy systems with wide angle of view is needed. Full-spectrum colonoscopes providing image of Ultra HD 4K quality are now available in Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seventy patents were assessed with a full-spectrum colonoscope. In 51 (72,8°%) of them the procedure was performed also for physician's training purposes. Fifteen (21,4%) patients underwent simultaneous full-spectrum and forward-viewing colonoscopies, while in 4 (5,7%) full-spectrum endoscope was used to visualize lesions that were non-assessable with traditional equipment. RESULTS. Applying Jull-spectrum colonoscopy for diagnosis resulted in detecting 170 polyps in 51 patients (polyp detection rate was 47,1%). Simultaneous use of full-spectrum colonoscope after forward-viewing equipment led to 9 additional polyps detection in one patient and 23 additional polyps in another one. In 7 patents full-spectrum colonoscopy allowed detection of polyps that were not found via forward-viewing equipment. CONCLUSION. During full-spectrum colonoscopy inner colonic surface can be visualized with an angle of view of 330° which is twice more than video-capturing area ofa standard forward-viewing endoscope. The equipment allows to significantly increase adenoma detection rate.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF MINIINVASIVE METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEMORRHOIDS
Authors: Ektov V. N. , Somov K. A. , Kurkin A. V. , Muzalkov V. A.
Published: June 2020

AIM. To improve results of latex ligation of internal hemorrhoids. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Results of 432 latex ligation of hemorrhoids were analyzed. The average age of the patients was 42,1 ± 7,3 years, 293 (67,8%) patients had third or the fourth degree of the disease. A new method of latex ligation of the mucosa and submucosa of the lower rectum with the aim to close hemorrhoidal vessels and lifting hemorrhoidal tissue complex was suggeste and usedfor III-IV degree hemorroids. RESULTS. In the early postoperative period complications not requiring reinterventions developed in 5 patients. In the late period good results were obtained in 87,3% of patients. CONCLUSION. Suggested modified latex ligation in the treatment of chronic hemorrhoids is minimally invasive, simple and low cost. It extends the indication of this method for hemorroids of advanced stages.
A Historical Account of Viruses in Intensive Horticultural Crops in the Spanish Mediterranean Arc: New Challenges for a Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Velasco Leonardo , Ruiz Leticia , Galipienso Luis , Rubio Luis , Janssen Dirk
Published: June 2020

The epidemiological dynamics followed by viruses in protected horticultural crops in the Mediterranean Arc of Spain has evolved from a majority of those transmitted by aphids to the predominance of whitefly-transmitted ones. Later, due to the shift towards an integrated control that has been quite successful in the control of aleyrodids, not so much in the control of aphids, aphid-borne viruses are having a significant revival in open field cultivation. Another threat is the continuous emergence of new species or variants of mechanically transmitted viruses. Thus, the number of viruses affecting these crops is constantly increasing and their control demands dynamic actions. The main measures that have managed to limit the damage of these diseases have been the improvement in the physical barriers that limit the spread of vectors and the introduction of resistances in the germplasm. Recently, the increased movement of plant materials and of people, the popularity of growing local crop varieties that lack natural resistances against pathogens, and the prospects of global climate change, may well have boosted the frequency of diseases and pests. Faced with this picture, strategies must be addressed from a multidisciplinary approach. The need for in-field diagnostics tools, easy access to information, novel breeding technologies and alternatives to control of these viruses are discussed.
Anatomical Assessment of the Thorax in the Neonatal Foal Using Computed Tomography Angiography, Sectional Anatomy, and Gross Dissections
Authors: Arencibia Alberto , Corbera Juan Alberto , Ramírez Gregorio , Díaz-Bertrana María Luisa , Pitti Lidia , Morales Manuel , Jaber José Raduan
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to correlate the anatomic features of the normal thorax of neonatal foals identified by CTA, with anatomical sections and gross dissections. Contrast-enhanced transverse CTA images were obtained in three neonatal foals using a helical CT scanner. All sections were imaged with a bone, mediastinal, and lung windows setting. Moreover, cardiac volume-rendered reconstructed images were obtained. After CT imaging, the cadaver foals were sectioned and dissected to facilitate the interpretation of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures to the corresponding CTA images. Anatomic details of the thorax of neonatal foals were identified according to the characteristics of CT density of the different organic tissues and compared with the corresponding anatomical sections and gross dissections. The information obtained provided a valid anatomic pattern of the thorax of foals, and useful information for CTA studies of this region.
A Systematic Review Comparing Experimental Design of Animal and Human Methotrexate Efficacy Studies for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Lessons for the Translational Value of Animal Studies
Authors: Leenaars Cathalijn , Stafleu Frans , de Jong David , van Berlo Maikel , Geurts Tijmen , Coenen-de Roo Tineke , Prins Jan-Bas , Kempkes Rosalie , Elzinga Janneke , Bleich André , de Vries Rob , Meijboom Franck , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel
Published: June 2020

Increased awareness and understanding of current practices in translational research is required for informed decision making in drug development. This paper describes a systematic review of methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis, comparing trial design between 147 animal and 512 human studies. Animal studies generally included fewer subjects than human studies, and less frequently reported randomisation and blinding. In relation to life span, study duration was comparable for animals and humans, but included animals were younger than included humans. Animal studies often comprised males only (61%), human studies always included females (98% included both sexes). Power calculations were poorly reported in both samples. Analyses of human studies more frequently comprised Chi-square tests, those of animal studies more frequently reported analyses of variance. Administration route was more variable, and more frequently reported in animal than human studies. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c-reactive protein were analysed more frequently in human than in animal studies. To conclude, experimental designs for animal and human studies are not optimally aligned. However, methotrexate is effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis in animal models and humans. Further evaluation of the available evidence in other research fields is needed to increase the understanding of translational success before we can optimise translational strategies.
Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors
Authors: Proshkina Ekaterina , Plyusnin Sergey , Babak Tatyana , Lashmanova Ekaterina , Maganova Faniya , Koval Liubov , Platonova Elena , Shaposhnikov Mikhail , Moskalev Alexey
Published: June 2020

Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
Assessment of the Different Types of Failure on Anterior Cantilever Resin-Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses Fabricated with Three Different Materials: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Di Fiore Adolfo , Stellini Edoardo , Savio Gianpaolo , Rosso Stefano , Graiff Lorenzo , Granata Stefano , Monaco Carlo , Meneghello Roberto
Published: June 2020

background: resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDP) represents a highly aesthetic and conservative treatment option to replace a single tooth in a younger patient. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture strength and the different types of failure on anterior cantilever RBFDPs fabricated using zirconia (ZR), lithium disilicate (LD), and PMMA-based material with ceramic fillers (PM) by the same standard tessellation language (STL) file. Methods: sixty extracted bovine mandibular incisives were embedded resin block; scanned to design one master model of RBFDP with a cantilevered single-retainer. Twenty cantilevered single-retainer RBFDPs were fabricated using ZR; LD; and PM. Static loading was performed using a universal testing machine. Results: the mean fracture strength for the RBFDPs was: 292.5 Newton (Standard Deviation (SD) 36.6) for ZR; 210 N (SD 37.6) for LD; and 133 N (SD 16.3) for PM. All the failures of RBFDPs in ZR were a fracture of the abutment tooth; instead; the 80% of failures of RBFDPs in LD and PM were a fracture of the connector. Conclusion: within the limitations of this in vitro study, we can conclude that the zirconia RBFDPs presented load resistance higher than the maximum anterior bite force reported in literature (270 N) and failure type analysis showed some trends among the groups
An Elongational and Shear Evaluation of Polymer Viscoelasticity during Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Hincapie Rafael E. , Ganzer Leonhard
Published: June 2020

This paper uses a combination of approaches to evaluate the viscoelastic phenomenon in high-molecular-weight polymers (24–28 M Daltons) used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. Rheological data were cross-analyzed with single- and two-phase polymer flooding experiments in outcrop cores and micromodels, respectively. First, the impact of semi-harsh conditions (salinity, hardness, and temperature) was evaluated. Second, the impact of polymer degradation (sand face flow), focusing on the viscoelastic properties, was investigated. Finally, polymer viscoelastic properties were characterized, proposing a threefold rheological approach of rotational, oscillatory, and elongational behavior. Data from the rheological approaches were cross-analyzed with core flooding experiments and performed at a room temperature of 22 °C and at a higher temperature of 55 °C. The change in polymer viscoelastic properties were analyzed by investigating the effluents from core flooding experiments. Oil recovery experiments in micromodel helped our understanding of whether salinity or hardness has a dominating impact on in situ viscoelastic polymer response. These approaches were used to study the impact of mechanical degradation on polymer viscoelasticity. The brines showed notable loss in polymer viscoelastic properties, specifically with the hard brine and at higher temperature. However, the same polymer solution diluted in deionized water exhibited stronger viscoelastic properties. Multiple flow-behaviors, such as Newtonian, shear thinning, and thickening dominated flow, were confirmed through pressure drop analysis against interstitial velocity as already reported by other peer researchers. Turbulence-dominated excessive pressure drop in porous media was calculated by comparing core flood pressure drop data against pressure data in extensional viscometer–rheometer on a chip (eVROC®). In addition, a significant reduction in elastic-dominated flow was confirmed through the mechanical degradation that happened during core flood experiments, using various approaches. Finally, reservoir harsh conditions (high temperature, hardness, and salinity) resulted in a significant reduction in polymer viscoelastic behavior for all approaches.
Sex Prediction Based on Mesiodistal Width Data in the Portuguese Population
Authors: Neves João Albernaz , Antunes-Ferreira Nathalie , Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Proença Luís , Quintas Alexandre , Mendes José João , Delgado Ana Sintra
Published: June 2020

Accurate sex prediction is a key step in creating a postmortem forensic profile as it excludes approximately half the population. It is our goal to develop a predictive model to establish sex through teeth mesiodistal widths in a Portuguese population. The pretreatment dental casts of 168 of Portuguese orthodontics subjects (59 males and 109 females) were included. Mesiodistal widths from right first molar to left first molar were measured on each pretreatment cast to the nearest 0.01 mm using a digital caliper. Overall, the mesiodistal widths of the upper and lower canines, premolars, and molars were found to be significantly different between females and males. Conversely, no significant differences between sexes were identified for incisors. A multivariate logistic regression model for sex prediction was developed and the teeth included in the final reduced model being the upper left canine (2.3), the lower right lateral incisor (4.2) and the lower right canine (4.3). There is a prevalence of sexual dimorphism in all teeth except the incisors. The canines present the most noticeable difference between sexes. The presented sex determination predictive model exhibits an overall correct classification of 75%, outperforming all available models for this purpose and therefore is a potential tool for forensic analysis in this population.
A Flexible FPGA-Based Channel Emulator for Non-Stationary MIMO Fading Channels
Authors: Zhu Qiuming , Huang Wei , Mao Kai , Zhong Weizhi , Hua Boyu , Chen Xiaomin , Zhao Zikun
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a discrete non-stationary multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model suitable for the fixed-point realization on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware platform is proposed. On this basis, we develop a flexible hardware architecture with configurable channel parameters and implement it on a non-stationary MIMO channel emulator in a single FPGA chip. In addition, an improved non-stationary channel emulation method is employed to guarantee accurate channel fading and phase, and the schemes of other key modules are also illustrated and implemented in a single FPGA chip. Hardware tests demonstrate that the output statistical properties of proposed channel emulator, i.e., the probability density function (PDF), cross-correlation function (CCF), Doppler power spectrum density (DPSD), and the power delay profile (PDP) agree well with the corresponding theoretical ones.