bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast-Conserving Surgery with Immediate Partial Breast Reconstruction by Using Pedicled Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap: A 7-Year Follow-Up of 50 Women
Authors: Wang Xing , Huo Ling , He Yingjian , Li Jinfeng , Wang Tianfeng , Fan Zhaoqing , Ouyang Tao
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap has been used for more than 10 years in the immediate partial breast reconstruction (IPBR) of breast cancer, allowing many patients to maximize reserved autologous breast tissue who do not have indications for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). No large sample size survival data for this operation have been reported worldwide. Methods: There are 212 primary breast cancer patients who were prepared to receive BCS with IPBR of pedicled TDAP flaps in our institution from June 2013 to December 2017. Finally, the operations were completed successfully in 50 cases. All patients were female with a median age of 40 years. Results: The average diameter of TDAPs measured by Doppler ultrasound before the operation was 1.8 ± 0.6 mm (ranging from 0.6 to 3.3 mm). The average size of the flaps was 15 × 6 cm. The average time of operations was 282 ± 71 min (ranging from 120 to 425 min). The drainage tube was removed 4.8 ± 1.9 days after the operation (ranging from 3 to 12 days). All TDAP flaps survived, and the wound complication rate was 4% (2/50). The median follow-up time was 88 (67, 94) months (M [IQR]), with a 5-year ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rate of 4% (95% CI: 0.1–9.5%), a 5-year breast cancer-free interval of 88.0% (95% CI: 79.0–97.0%), and a 5-year overall survival rate of 96.0% (95% CI: 90.5–99.9%). Conclusion: IPBR using pedicled TDAP flaps is a good choice for repairing local breast defects in BCS. The advantages of this surgery are no influence on latissimus dorsi function, few complications in the donor area, and good long-term prognosis.
Association between Timing of Vascular Access Creation and Mortality in Patients Initiating Hemodialysis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Murakami Minoru , Fujii Naohiko , Kanda Eiichiro , Kikuchi Kan , Wada Atsushi , Hamano Takayuki , Masakane Ikuto
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The optimal time for vascular access (VA) creation remains controversial. Methods: We conducted a cohort study using data from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry. Adult patients who started receiving hemodialysis in 2007 and had a permanent VA created were included. The exposure of interest was the timing of VA creation, categorized into three groups: early VA creation (defined as creation at least 4 months before hemodialysis initiation), just prior VA creation (creation between 1 and 3 months before hemodialysis initiation), and late VA creation (creation within 1 month of or after hemodialysis initiation). Cox regression analyses were used to compare 1-year all-cause mortality, with late VA creation as the reference group. Owing to the violations of the proportional hazards assumptions, the follow-up period was divided into “early” (1–4 months follow-up) and “late” (5–12 months follow-up) periods. Results: Overall, 1,280 (15.4%) of 8,322 patients died. Both early creation and just prior creation were associated with lower all-cause mortality in the early period compared with late creation. In the late period, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality decreased with earlier VA creation (adjusted HRs [95% confidence intervals]: 0.49 [0.35–0.67] for the early creation group and 0.63 [0.51–0.79] for the just prior creation group). Conclusion: Our study suggests that VA creation at least 1 month before hemodialysis initiation is associated with lower all-cause mortality in the early period, with earlier VA creation resulting in further mortality reduction in the late period.
Global Blood Pressure Screening During and After Pregnancy: May Measurement Month 2019
Authors: Bowen Liza , Stevens Richard J. , Schutte Aletta E. , Beaney Thomas , Poulter Neil R. , McManus Richard J. , Chappell Lucy C.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. There are limited global data on the characteristics of women during and after pregnancy hypertension.

METHODS:

May Measurement Month is a global campaign to raise awareness of the importance of blood pressure. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling during May 2019 had blood pressure measured and comorbidities and lifestyle data collected. This secondary analysis included 16 519 pregnant women and 529 172 nonpregnant women (16 457 with previous raised blood pressure in pregnancy) from 64 countries.

RESULTS:

Almost half of the pregnant women (43.3%) reported not having had their blood pressure measured in the past year, and 14.3% (95% CI, 12.1–16.6) had hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication). Diabetes was self-reported in 7.6% (5.9–9.3) of pregnant women with hypertension and 2.8% (1.9–3.6) of pregnant women without hypertension. In nonpregnant women with and without a history of pregnancy hypertension, age-standardized proportions with current hypertension were 53.2% (50.8–55.7) versus 33.3% (29.3–37.3); with diabetes were 14.4% (11.8–17.0) versus 8.5% (6.3–10.9); and with body mass index ≥30 kg/m
2
were 28.4% (23.5–33.3) versus 16.6% (13.0–20.2).

CONCLUSIONS:

Hypertension in pregnancy was common in this global sample but many cases had not previously been identified. There was a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in both pregnant women with current hypertension and previously raised blood pressure in pregnancy. This work highlights the importance of screening pregnant women for hypertension, which remains a challenge in large parts of the world.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker Prevents Mineralocorticoid Receptor–Mediated Inflammation by Modulating Transcriptional Activity of Mineralocorticoid Receptor–p65–Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Complex
Authors: Kuyama Naoto , Araki Satoshi , Kaikita Koichi , Nakanishi Nobuhiro , Nakashima Naoya , Hanatani Shinsuke , Arima Yuichiro , Yamamoto Masahiro , Nakamura Taishi , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Matsushita Kenichi , Matsui Kunihiko , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: September 2024

Background

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) induces cardiac inflammation cooperatively with nuclear factor‐κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3); MR blockers exert anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the anti‐inflammatory effect of esaxerenone, a novel MR blocker, in experimental myocardial infarction (MI) and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results

Male C57BL/6J mice subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending artery were randomly assigned to either the vehicle or esaxerenone group. Esaxerenone was provided with a regular chow diet. The mice were euthanized at either 4 or 15 days after MI. Cardiac function, fibrosis, and inflammation were evaluated. Esaxerenone significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac fibrosis at 15 days after MI independently of its antihypertensive effect. Inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory‐related gene expression, and elevated serum interleukin‐6 levels at 4 days after MI were significantly attenuated by esaxerenone. In vitro experiments using mouse macrophage‐like cell line RAW264.7 cells demonstrated that esaxerenone‐ and spironolactone‐attenuated lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin‐6 expression without altering the posttranslational modification and nuclear translocation of p65 and STAT3. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MR interacted with both p65 and STAT3 and enhanced the p65–STAT3 interaction, leading to a subsequent increase in interleukin‐6 promoter activity, which was reversed by esaxerenone.

Conclusions

Esaxerenone ameliorated postinfarct remodeling in experimental MI through its anti‐inflammatory properties exerted by modulating the transcriptional activity of the MR–p65–STAT3 complex. These results suggest that the MR–p65–STAT3 complex can be a novel therapeutic target for treating MI.
Half a century later, a new species of Wunderlichia (Wunderlichieae, Asteraceae) from the Atlantic Forest inselbergs of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: TELES ARISTÔNIO MAGALHÃES , MANHÃES VITOR DA CUNHA , COUTO DAYVID RODRIGUES
Published: September 2024

Wunderlichia capixaba, a new species of the tribe Wunderlichieae, Asteraceae family, is described, discussed, and illustrated. The species is currently only found in Pedra dos Cabritos in the community of Barra Alegre, municipality of Castelo, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. It has been categorized as critically endangered. Morphologically akin to W. insignis, W. capixaba distinguishes itself through its synanthous habit (maintaining leaves throughout the flowering period), green involucral bracts (in vivo), dark brown when dried (in sicco), an erect peduncle, approximately 60 florets per capitulum, a nectary longer than wide, and a 3-seriate pappus.
Unhiding Colombian orchid treasures: A new Lepanthes (Orchidaceae) from the northeastern Andes in Colombia
Authors: CARO HEIDY , ARANGO-CARVAJAL SUSANA , SUESCÚN DIEGO , RESTREPO EUGENIO
Published: September 2024

A new species of Lepanthes from the eastern Colombian Andes from the department of Santander has been discovered. Here it is described, illustrated, and compared with species with morphological affinities, particularly with the sympatric Lepanthes rabei, from which it can be separated by a combination of traits: the larger plant length, reaching up to 8.28 cm in height, the elliptical-lanceolate leaves, concolor, the sepals not denticulate, the lip blades ovate-oblong, obtuse, slightly falcate at the apex, the long cilia at the lip tip and the appendix minute, reflexed downwards, pubescent. Information about its distribution, phenology, and conservation status is also provided.
Two new species of the genus Teulisna Walker (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from Myanmar and Nepal
Authors: HUANG SI-YAO , VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , MÜLLER GÜNTER C.
Published: September 2024

Two new species of the genus Teulisna Walker, 1862 are described: T. kishidai Huang, Volynkin & Müller sp. n. from Mount Victoria, West Myanmar, and T. hreblayi Volynkin & Huang sp. n. from East Nepal. Both species are compared with members of the T. pallida (Moore, 1878) species-group. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated.
Environmental Conditions Associated with Long-Track Tornadoes
Authors: Straka Jerry M. , Gensini Vittorio A. , Kanak Katharine M. , Garner Jonathan M.
Published: September 2024

Reanalysis proximity vertical profile attributes associated with long-track tornadoes [LTTs; pathlength ≥ 48 km (30 mi)] and short-track tornadoes [STTs; pathlengths < 48 km (30 mi)] for a total of 48 212 tornadoes with pathlengths ≥ 0.016 km (0.01 mi) from 1979 to 2022 in the United States were examined. Both longer- and shorter-track tornadoes were associated with vast ranges of mixed-layer convective available potential energy, together with relatively low mixed-layer lifted condensation level heights and minimal convective inhibition. A large range of 500–9000-m wind speeds and bulk wind differences, 500–3000-m streamwise vorticities, storm-relative helicities, and storm-relative wind speeds were found for STTs. In stark contrast, LTTs only occurred when these kinematic attributes were larger in amplitude through the troposphere, supporting previously documented associations between observed longer-track tornado pathlengths and faster-propagating parent storms. A novel parameter, heavily weighted by kinematic parameters and lightly weighted by thermodynamic parameters, outperformed the significant tornado parameter in differentiating environments that were more supportive of both LTTs and tornadoes rated <EF5. The high correlation values R2 = 0.79 between tornado pathlength and Bunkers’ approximate tornado duration (pathlength/VBunkers) call for improved understanding of mesocyclone periodicities, which impact tornado longevity, to improve tornado pathlength diagnoses and forecasts. Pragmatically, diagnosing LTT environments using vertical profile attributes, perhaps, is not so much a problem of determining when there might be higher expectations for LTTs, but rather a problem of when there might be lower expectations for LTTs, e.g., weaker kinematic attributes in the lower troposphere.

Significance Statement

The majority of tornadoes have pathlengths less than a few kilometers. As tornado pathlengths increase, their probability of causing impacts to society also increases. We study >40 years of modeled atmospheric vertical profiles to better understand the environmental conditions that support long-track tornadoes (pathlength ≥ 48 km or ≥30 mi). Consistent with previous studies, long-track tornadoes occurred with substantially stronger vertical wind shear profiles and low-level winds compared to short-track tornadoes; however, most tornadoes did not form in environments with exceedingly large vertical instability, regardless of pathlength or intensity. A proposed composite long-track tornado parameter (LTTP) provided better discrimination between longer and shorter pathlength events compared to preexisting parameters.
Design and evaluation of Enthralled: A higher education conversation game based on Euripides’ Bacchae
Authors: Zacharia Katerina , Gotsis Marientina
Published: September 2024

This article presents the design, goals, and evaluation of Enthralled following the 2022 playtesting in three undergraduate Liberal Arts core courses. Enthralled draws on ancient Greek myths and the classical tragedy Bacchae by Euripides. As an immersive pedagogical intervention, Enthralled promotes group collaboration and rewards consideration of diverse viewpoints and cultural values. Participants vote on the motivations of dramatic characters, which allows for a deeper understanding of their preconceptions and implicit biases and offers the opportunity for self-reflection and dialogue. The game toolkit includes an original deck of cards, a role-playing script, a character sheet, ballots, a hints-and-clues deck, instructions for players and moderators, and scoring materials. The third version of Enthralled exceeded our entertainment efficacy, playability, and usability goals and contributed positively to the learning outcomes of the courses. Minor game improvements and a course-tailored implementation toolkit are the next steps for scaling this project.
Diagnostic Value of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Conductive or Mixed Hearing Loss with Intact Tympanic Membrane
Authors: Zhou Wenwen , Liu Lei , Liu Di , Jiang Muliang , Chen Guixing , Tang Anzhou , Tan Songhua
Published: September 2024

Background

Conductive or mixed hearing loss with an intact tympanic membrane is a group of diseases characterized by similar clinical symptoms. Definitive diagnosis depends on the findings of exploratory tympanic surgery. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has great potential for middle ear imaging. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of CBCT for conductive or mixed hearing loss with an intact tympanic membrane.

Methods

CBCT and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging data were collected from patients with an intact eardrum who received medical treatment in our hospital for conductive or mixed hearing loss from October 2020 to May 2023. The imaging characteristics and diagnostic values of CBCT and HRCT were analyzed.

Results

A total of 137 patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent CBCT were enrolled, including 89 with otosclerosis, 41 with ossicular chain interruption, and 7 with tympanosclerosis. CBCT clearly displayed a middle ear focus, such as low-density lesions located in the fissula ante fenestram, ossicular chain malformation or dislocation, and tympanic calcification foci. The area under the curve values for otosclerosis, ossicular chain interruption, and tympanic sclerosis were 0.934, 0.967, and 0.850, respectively. CBCT was more effective than HRCT for visualizing the lenticular process, incudostapedial joint, and stapes footplate.

Conclusions

CBCT of the middle ear demonstrated higher-quality imaging to improve the diagnosis of conductive or mixed hearing loss with an intact tympanic membrane. Therefore, CBCT is recommended for further investigation of noninflammatory diseases of the middle ear with no special findings on HRCT.
Variegated urban and rural spaces: Defining village types in China
Authors: Liu Xiao , Li Jingsheng
Published: September 2024

China’s system of territorial spatial planning requires an integrated layout of ecological, agricultural, and urban functional space. This paper examines urban and rural villages and finds that villages can be classified into five types: urban villages, suburban villages, rural villages, semi-ecological villages, and eco-villages. These villages have multiple functions such as ecological services, agricultural production, and town services, according to the relationship between villages and territorial space. Urban villages refer to villages within the urban space, which have certain urban socio-ecological service functions; suburban villages are villages located at the junction of urban and agricultural spaces, which adapt their functions to the needs of the town; rural villages refer to villages located in the vast agricultural space, which are dominated by large-scale agriculture, and which need to undertake the function of guaranteeing food security; semi-ecological villages refer to villages at the junction of the agricultural space and the eco-villages, which can develop diversified ecological services; and eco-villages refer to villages that are in, or essentially in, eco-space, and have an important role to play in the maintenance of natural ecosystems.
Project GIVE: using a virtual genetics service platform to reduce health inequities and improve access to genomic care in an underserved region of Texas
Authors: Vuocolo Blake , Sierra Roberta , Brooks Daniel , Holder Christopher , Urbanski Lauren , Rodriguez Keila , Gamez Jose David , Mulukutla Surya Narayan , Hernandez Ana , Allegre Alberto , Hidalgo Humberto , Rodriguez Sarah , Magallan Sandy , Gibson Jeremy , Bernini Juan Carlos , Watson Melanie , Nelson Robert , Mellin-Sanchez Lizbeth , Garcia Nancy , Berry Lori , Dai Hongzheng , Soler-Alfonso Claudia , Carter Kent , Lee Brendan , Lalani Seema R.
Published: September 2024

Background

The utilization of genomic information to improve health outcomes is progressively becoming more common in clinical practice. Nonetheless, disparities persist in accessing genetic services among ethnic minorities, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and other vulnerable populations. The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) at the Texas-Mexico border is predominantly Hispanic/Latino with a high poverty rate and very limited access to genetic services. Funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Project GIVE (Genetic Inclusion by Virtual Evaluation) was launched in 2022 to reduce the time to diagnosis and increase provider knowledge of genomics in this region, with the goal of improving pediatric health outcomes. We describe our experience of establishing a virtual pediatric genomic service in this region to expeditiously identify, recruit, and evaluate pediatric patients with undiagnosed diseases.

Methods

We have utilized an innovative electronic health record (EHR) agnostic virtual telehealth and educational platform called Consultagene to receive referrals from healthcare providers in the RGV. Using this portal, genetic services, including virtual evaluation and genome sequencing (GS), are being delivered to children with rare diseases. The study has also integrated effective methods to involve and educate community providers through in-person meetings and Continuing Professional Education (CPE) events.

Results

The recruitment efforts have proven highly successful with the utilization of Consultagene in this medically underserved region. The project’s ongoing engagement efforts with local healthcare providers have resulted in progressively more referrals to the study over time, thus improving inclusion and access to genomic care in the RGV. Additionally, the curated CPE content has been well received by healthcare providers in the region.

Conclusions

Project GIVE study has allowed advanced genetic evaluation and delivery of GS through the virtual Consultagene portal, effectively circumventing the recognized socioeconomic and logistical barriers to accessing genetic services within this border community.
Specific EEG resting state biomarkers in FXS and ASD
Authors: Proteau-Lemieux Mélodie , Knoth Inga Sophia , Davoudi Saeideh , Martin Charles-Olivier , Bélanger Anne-Marie , Fontaine Valérie , Côté Valérie , Agbogba Kristian , Vachon Keely , Whitlock Kerri , Biag Hazel Maridith Barlahan , Thurman Angela John , Rosenfelt Cory , Tassone Flora , Frei Julia , Capano Lucia , Abbeduto Leonard , Jacquemont Sébastien , Hessl David , Hagerman Randi Jenssen , Schneider Andrea , Bolduc Francois , Anagnostou Evdokia , Lippe Sarah
Published: September 2024

Background

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that often have a substantial impact on daily functioning and quality of life. FXS is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability (ID) and the most common monogenetic cause of ASD. Previous literature has shown that electrophysiological activity measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) during resting state is perturbated in FXS and ASD. However, whether electrophysiological profiles of participants with FXS and ASD are similar remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare EEG alterations found in these two clinical populations presenting varying degrees of cognitive and behavioral impairments.

Methods

Resting state EEG signal complexity, alpha peak frequency (APF) and power spectral density (PSD) were compared between 47 participants with FXS (aged between 5–20), 49 participants with ASD (aged between 6–17), and 52 neurotypical (NT) controls with a similar age distribution using MANCOVAs with age as covariate when appropriate. MANCOVAs controlling for age, when appropriate, and nonverbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ) score were subsequently performed to determine the impact of cognitive functioning on EEG alterations.

Results

Our results showed that FXS participants manifested decreased signal complexity and APF compared to ASD participants and NT controls, as well as altered power in the theta, alpha and low gamma frequency bands. ASD participants showed exaggerated beta power compared to FXS participants and NT controls, as well as enhanced low and high gamma power compared to NT controls. However, ASD participants did not manifest altered signal complexity or APF. Furthermore, when controlling for NVIQ, results of decreased complexity in higher scales and lower APF in FXS participants compared to NT controls and ASD participants were not replicated.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that signal complexity and APF might reflect cognitive functioning, while altered power in the low gamma frequency band might be associated with neurodevelopmental conditions, particularly FXS and ASD.
Utilizing CT imaging for evaluating late gastrointestinal tract side effects of radiotherapy in uterine cervical cancer: a risk regression analysis
Authors: Muangwong Pooriwat , Prukvaraporn Nutthita , Kittidachanan Kittikun , Watthanayuenyong Nattharika , Chitapanarux Imjai , Na Chiangmai Wittanee
Published: September 2024

Background

Radiotherapy (RT) is effective for cervical cancer but causes late side effects (SE) to nearby organs. These late SE occur more than 3 months after RT and are rated by clinical findings to determine their severity. While imaging studies describe late gastrointestinal (GI) SE, none demonstrate the correlation between the findings and the toxicity grading. In this study, we demonstrated the late GI toxicity prevalence, CT findings, and their correlation.

Methods

We retrospectively studied uterine cervical cancer patients treated with RT between 2015 and 2018. Patient characteristics and treatment(s) were obtained from the hospital’s databases. Late RTOG/EORTC GI SE and CT images were obtained during the follow-up. Post-RT GI changes were reviewed from CT images using pre-defined criteria. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated for CT findings, and multivariable log binomial regression determined adjusted RRs.

Results

This study included 153 patients, with a median age of 57 years (IQR 49–65). The prevalence of ≥ grade 2 RTOG/EORTC late GI SE was 33 (27.5%). CT findings showed 91 patients (59.48%) with enhanced bowel wall (BW) thickening, 3 (1.96%) with bowel obstruction, 7 (4.58%) with bowel perforation, 6 (3.92%) with fistula, 0 (0%) with bowel ischemia, and 0 (0%) with GI bleeding. Adjusted RRs showed that enhanced BW thickening (RR 9.77, 95% CI 2.64–36.07, p = 0.001), bowel obstruction (RR 5.05, 95% CI 2.30–11.09, p < 0.001), and bowel perforation (RR 3.82, 95% CI 1.96–7.44, p < 0.001) associated with higher late GI toxicity grades.

Conclusions

Our study shows CT findings correlate with grade 2–4 late GI toxicity. Future research should validate and refine these findings with different imaging and toxicity grading systems to assess their potential predictive value.
Association between endothelial function and skin advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation in a sample of predominantly young and healthy adults
Authors: Fewkes Juanita J. , Dordevic Aimee L. , Murray Margaret , Williamson Gary , Kellow Nicole J.
Published: September 2024

Background

In populations with chronic disease, skin autofluorescence (SAF), a measure of long-term fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation in body tissues, has been associated with vascular endothelial function, measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The primary aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between endothelial function and tissue accumulation of AGEs in adults from the general population to determine whether SAF could be used as a marker to predict early impairment of the endothelium.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 participants (median age: 28.5 y, IQR: 24.4–36.0; 54% women). Endothelial function was measured by fasting FMD. Skin AGEs were measured as SAF using an AGE Reader. Participant anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers were also measured. Associations were evaluated using multivariable regression analysis and were adjusted for significant covariates.

Results

FMD was inversely correlated with SAF (ρ = -0.50, P < 0.001) and chronological age (ρ = -0.51, P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, SAF, chronological age, and male sex were independently associated with reduced FMD (B [95% CI]; -2.60 [-4.40, -0.80]; -0.10 [-0.16, -0.03]; 1.40 [0.14, 2.67], respectively), with the multivariable model adjusted R2 = 0.31, P < 0.001.

Conclusions

Higher skin AGE levels, as measured by SAF, were associated with lower FMD values, in a predominantly young, healthy population. Additionally, older age and male participants exhibited significantly lower FMD values, corresponding with compromised endothelial function. These results suggest that SAF, a simple and inexpensive marker, could be used to predict endothelial impairment before the emergence of any structural artery pathophysiology or classic cardiovascular disease risk markers.

Trial registration

The study was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000821897) and concurrently entered into the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform under the same ID number.
Inducible clindamycin-resistant and biofilm formation in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthcare worker’s anterior nasal carriage
Authors: Firouzjaei Mahdi Dadashi , Halaji Mehrdad , Yaghoubi Sajad , Hendizadeh Peyman , Salehi Maryam , Mohammadi Mohsen , Pournajaf Abazar
Published: September 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is a new update on the resistance profile, Macrolide–Lincosamide–Streptogramin B resistance mechanisms and biofilm formation in the Staphylococcus aureus isolated from health care workers (HCWs) nasal carriage at a children’s teaching hospital in Babol (Northern Iran).

Results

A total of 143 non-repetitive nasal swab samples were collected from volunteers, where 53.8% (n; 77/143) were HCWs, 33.6% (n; 48/143) medical students, and 12.6% (n; 18/143) resident students. The prevalence of nasal carriers of S. aureus was 22.4% (n; 32/143), among them, 40.6% (n; 13/32) were identified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA( carriers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that erythromycin (68.8%, n; 22/32) and ciprofloxacin (15.6%, n; 5/32) had the highest and lowest resistance rate, respectively. The frequency of resistance genes in the strains was as follows; ermC (n; 17/32, 53.1%), ermA (n; 11/32, 34.4%), ermB (n; 6/32, 18.7%), ereA (n; 3/32, 9.4%). Moreover, 50.0% (n; 16/32), 28.1% (n; 9/32) and 21.8% (n; 7/32) of isolates were strongly, weakly and moderately biofilm producer, respectively. Macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramins B (MLSB) antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolates from HCWs nasal carriage have found significant prevalence rates throughout the globe. It is crucial to remember that the development of biofilms and MLS B antibiotic resistance are both dynamic processes.
Postcranial anatomy of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio (Italy/Switzerland), with implications for reconstructing the swimming styles of Triassic ichthyosaurs
Authors: Bindellini Gabriele , Wolniewicz Andrzej S. , Miedema Feiko , Dal Sasso Cristiano , Scheyer Torsten M.
Published: September 2024

Besanosaurus leptorhynchus Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1996 was originally described on the basis of a single complete fossil specimen excavated near Besano (Italy). However, a recent taxonomic revision and re-examination of the cranial osteology allowed for the assignment of five additional specimens to the taxon. Here, we analyse, describe and discuss the postcranial anatomy of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus in detail. The size of the specimens examined herein ranged from slightly more than one meter to eight meters. Overall, several diagnostic character states for this taxon are proposed, demonstrating a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived features. This is best exemplified by the limbs, which show very rounded elements in the forelimbs, and pedal phalanges with retained rudimentary shafts. We suggest that the widely spaced phalanges in the forefins of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus were embedded in a fibrocartilage-rich connective tissue, like in modern cetaceans. We also review the similarities of Besanosaurus with Pessopteryx and Pessosaurus, allowing us to conclude that Besanosaurus is not a junior synonym of either of the two taxa. Lastly, to test the swimming capabilities of Besanosaurus leptorhynchus, we expanded on a previously published study focussing on reconstructing the swimming styles of ichthyosaurs. Besanosaurus leptorhynchus was found to possess a peculiar locomotory mode, somewhat intermediate between anguilliform swimmers, such as Cymbospondylus and Utatsusaurus, and some shastasaur-grade (e.g., Guizhouichthyosaurus) and early-diverging euichthyosaurian (e.g., Californosaurus) ichthyosaurs. Based on our results, we furthermore suggest that mixosaurids acquired their characteristic body profile (dorsal fin and forefins that are distinctly enlarged compared to the hindfins) independently and convergently to the one that later appeared in Parvipelvia. Moreover, the different swimming styles inferred for Cymbospondylus, Mixosauridae, and Besanosaurus strengthen the earlier hypothesis of niche partitioning among these three distinct ichthyosaur taxa from the Besano Formation.
The validation of short eating disorder, body dysmorphia, and Weight Bias Internalisation Scales among UK adults
Authors: Lantos Dorottya , Moreno-Agostino Darío , Harris Lasana T. , Ploubidis George , Haselden Lucy , Fitzsimons Emla
Published: September 2024

Background

When collecting data from human participants, it is often important to minimise the length of questionnaire-based measures. This makes it possible to ensure that the data collection is as engaging as possible, while it also reduces response burden, which may protect data quality. Brevity is especially important when assessing eating disorders and related phenomena, as minimising questions pertaining to shame-ridden, unpleasant experiences may in turn minimise any negative affect experienced whilst responding.

Methods

We relied on item response theory to shorten three eating disorder and body dysmorphia measures, while aiming to ensure that the information assessed by the scales remained as close to that assessed by the original scales as possible. We further tested measurement invariance, correlations among different versions of the same scales as well as different measures, and explored additional properties of each scale, including their internal consistency. Additionally, we explored the performance of the 3-item version of the modified Weight Bias Internalisation Scale and compared it to that of the 11-item version of the scale.

Results

We introduce a 5-item version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, a 3-item version of the SCOFF questionnaire, and a 3-item version of the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. The results revealed that, across a sample of UK adults (N = 987, ages 18–86, M = 45.21), the short scales had a reasonably good fit. Significant positive correlations between the longer and shorter versions of the scales and their significant positive, albeit somewhat weaker correlations to other, related measures support their convergent and discriminant validity. The results followed a similar pattern across the young adult subsample (N = 375, ages 18–39, M = 28.56).

Conclusions

These results indicate that the short forms of the tested scales may perform similarly to the full versions.
The transfer effect of computational thinking (CT)-STEM: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zuokun , Oon Pey Tee
Published: September 2024

Background

Integrating computational thinking (CT) into STEM education has recently drawn significant attention, strengthened by the premise that CT and STEM are mutually reinforcing. Previous CT-STEM studies have examined theoretical interpretations, instructional strategies, and assessment targets. However, few have endeavored to delineate the transfer effects of CT-STEM on the development of cognitive and noncognitive benefits. Given this research gap, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to provide deeper insights.

Results

We analyzed results from 37 studies involving 7,832 students with 96 effect sizes. Our key findings include: (i) identification of 36 benefits; (ii) a moderate overall transfer effect, with moderate effects also observed for both near and far transfers; (iii) a stronger effect on cognitive benefits compared to noncognitive benefits, regardless of the transfer type; (iv) significant moderation by educational level, sample size, instructional strategies, and intervention duration on overall and near-transfer effects, with only educational level and sample size being significant moderators for far-transfer effects.

Conclusions

This study analyzes the cognitive and noncognitive benefits arising from CT-STEM’s transfer effects, providing new insights to foster more effective STEM classroom teaching.
Generic sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed , AbdAllah Mohamed , Akel Wafaa El , Wahed Sherif , Alem Shereen Abdel , Esmat Gamal
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose of the study

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are at a high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) due to chronic viral hepatitis infection such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, iron overload, and sickle cell hepatopathy. Nowadays, several oral direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have been developed and approved by the FDA for hepatitis C treatment. However, the safety and efficacy of DAAs in SCD patients remain insufficiently explored.

Purpose of the study

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of administration of generic sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DCV) for 12 weeks in SCD patients infected with HCV.

Methods

A retrospective study included 38 SCD patients infected with HCV treated with generic SOF (400 mg) and DCV (60 mg) for 12 weeks without ribavirin. The effectiveness of the HCV treatment was assessed by the sustained virologic response (SVR) at 24 weeks after the end of the treatment (SVR24).

Results

The SVR24 rate was 100% (38/38).There were insignificant alterations in hemoglobin and total bilirubin levels during HCV treatment or at end of treatment (EOT). The number of anemic patients who needed blood transfusion two weeks before HCV treatment, at week 4 of treatment, and at EOT was 11 (28.9%), 3 (8%), and 1 (3%) respectively. Moreover, the reductions in serum transaminase levels from baseline were statistically significant compared to the EOT.

Conclusion

Generic SOF and DCV regimens appear to be safe and effective in the treatment of chronic HCV in patients with SCD.
Differences in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients With Cancer Six Months Before Death
Authors: Tam Samantha , Al-Antary Nada , Adjei Boakye Eric , Springer Kylie , Poisson Laila M. , Su Wan-Ting , Grewal Jeewanjot , Zatirka Theresa , Ryan Michael , Movsas Benjamin , Chang Steven S.
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide a direct report of the patient's perspective, complementary to clinician assessment. Currently, understanding the real-time changes in PROM scores near the end of life remains limited. This study evaluated differences in mean PROM scores between patients with cancer within 6 months before death compared with surviving patients with cancer.

METHODS

This retrospective case-control study uses the National Institutes of Health's Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System computer adaptive testing instruments to assess pain interference, physical function, fatigue, and depression. Patients dying within 6 months of PROM completion were selected as cases and matched to controls 1:3 by age at PROM completion, sex, cancer disease site, and cancer stage at diagnosis. Generalized estimating equation models assessed the difference in mean PROM score in cases compared with controls.

RESULTS

A total of 461 cases and 1,270 controls from September 2020 to January 2023 were included. After adjustment for ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and census tract median household income, significant differences in mean scores were demonstrated. Physical function domain showed the largest difference, with cases averaging 6.52 points lower than controls (95% CI, –8.25 to –4.80). Fatigue and pain interference domains showed a rise in PROMs scores by 4.83 points (95% CI, 2.94 to 6.72) and 4.33 points (95% CI, 2.53 to 6.12), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Compared with controls, patients dying within 6 months of PROM completion demonstrated worse PROM scores in the four domains assessed. These findings suggest the utility of routinely collected PROMs as a real-time indicator of the terminal stage of life among patients with cancer to allow for earlier intervention with supportive oncology services.
A Case of a Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Secondary to Chiropractic Manipulation of the Thoracic Spine
Authors: Bozer Jordan J. , Helfrich Katelynn M. , Seidler Gabriella R. , Garrett Alexandrea L. , Hussain Nasir
Published: September 2024

Chiropractic spinal manipulation therapy (CSMT) of the cervical spine has been reported to cause mechanical dural injuries that result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We present a case of symptomatic intracranial hypotension after isolated thoracic CSMT. Initial imaging was unable to definitively localize the CSF leak, but dynamic imaging was able to better identify the defect. Multiple epidural blood patches were attempted, including image-guided approaches and with fibrin sealant, but surgical repair was ultimately required. Our case illustrates the risk of dural tear in the setting of recent CSMT and the challenges of managing such an injury.
Talking Pleasures, Writing Dialects: Outlining Research on Schmecka
Authors: Mann Anna , Mol Annemarie
Published: September 2024

This book is written in English, so that it may reach an international academic audience. One of the concerns from which it stems, though, is that we are bound to lose a lot if all academic research comes to be outlined in English. This chapter by Anna Mann and Annemarie Mol demonstrates this using the case of schmecka – the practice and the word. It draws on fieldwork done in the Austrian region of Vorarlberg, with people jointly schmecka a homely meal. While the flavor perception investigated in physiology is factual, schmecka entails a positive valuation. While the culturally informed sensory experiences explored by anthropologists tend to be located in individual bodies, schmecka is shared between assembled eaters. While the sociological tasting in practice is a trained, distinctive achievement, schmecka, drawing together the English tasting and smelling, most likely involves modest, well trusted food, preferably similar from one occasion to the next. All of this makes schmecka a judicious term when writing about them, here the people of Vorarlberg, whose practices it brings to the fore. However, it also, more interestingly, allows we (the authors) to write in another way: one that foregrounds valuing rather than facting.
Effectiveness of different tirofiban administration times in patients with no-reflow myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Mei Chaosheng , Yu Huiping
Published: September 2024

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different tirofiban administration time windows in patients with no-reflow myocardial infarction (MI) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: This single centre retrospective observational study included patients with no-reflow MI, undergoing PCI at the Hanyang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology from March 2020 to May 2023. All patients were administered tirofiban. Patients who received tirofiban with postinterventional thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow ≥ 1 were grouped as Group-I, and patients who were directly given tirofiban through the guiding catheter without forward blood flow were grouped as Group-II. TIMI blood flow classification, levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), incidence of complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the two groups before and after the treatment were statistically analyzed.
Results: A total of 156 patients were included in this study, including 79 patients in Group-I and 77 patients in Group-II. There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, TIMI blood flow classification of the two groups improved and was significantly better in Group-I compared to Group-II (P<0.05). After treatment, levels of Serum cTnT and CK-MB in the two groups decreased, and were significantly lower in Group-I than in Group-II (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between Group-I (3.80%) and Group-II (6.49%) (P>0.05). The incidence of MACE in Group-I (3.80%) was lower than that in Group-II (12.99%) (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Compared with the direct application of tirofiban, tirofiban given when TIMI Grade≥ 1 for patients with no-reflow MI during PCI can more effectively regulate the blood flow status of target vessels, reduce myocardial injury, and reduce the risk of MACE.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.10101
How to cite this: Mei C, Yu H. Effectiveness of different tirofiban administration times in patients with no-reflow myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.10101
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Early oral colonization of streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli species in infants: Investigating the relationship with maternal and environmental factors, from birth through the sixth month
Authors: Ay Cansu , Karayılmaz Hüseyin , Cengiz Ayşe
Published: September 2024

Objective: To assess the presence of Streptococcus Mutans (S.mutans) and Lactobacillus species (LB) of newborn-mother pairs using the real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Method: Subjects were selected from the patients followed in the Neonatology Clinic of Akdeniz University’s Faculty of Medicine between the years 2017-2018. First samples collected within 48 hours after birth, and second samples were at six months. The samples were analyzed for the presence of S.mutans and LB using qRT-PCR. Mothers’ smoking habits, education level, occupation, oral hygiene habits, DMFT scores and dietary history; Babies’ delivery type, birth weight, feeding type, oral hygiene practices, feeding habits, bottle usage, pacifier usage, consumption of sugary foods, were also recorded. The effect of factors related to both mothers and infants was examined comparatively.
Results: S.mutans DNA was detectable in 87% and LB DNA was detected in 37% mothers, while it was undetected in 63% mothers at the first sampling. S.mutans was detected in 37% and, while LB was detected in 5% of the newborns in the first 48 hours of their life. At the second sampling, the S.mutans and LB levels in infants have increased, while there has been no significant change in mothers. A significant relationship was found only between the increase in S.mutans in infants and the presence of erupted teeth.
Conclusion: S.mutans and LB were able to colonize on the oral mucosal surfaces of edentulous newborns, with the counts of both bacteria increasing significantly with tooth eruption.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9602
How to cite this: Ay C, Karayılmaz H, Cengiz A. Early oral colonization of streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli species in infants: Investigating the relationship with maternal and environmental factors, from birth through the sixth month. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9602
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dosimetry and electromagnetic radiation exposure in 4G/5G
Authors: Σόφτα Βασιλική
Published: September 2024

Τα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά πεδία (EMFs) αποτελούν σημαντικό θέμα ανησυχίας για το γενικό πληθυσμό. Καθώς η τεχνολογία εξελίσσεται συνεχώς, η μελέτη της μη ιοντίζουσας ακτινοβολίας EMF γίνεται ολοένα και πιο κρίσιμη. Η χρήση των κινητών τηλεφώνων είναι εκτεταμένη, προσφέροντας ένα ευρύ φάσμα εφαρμογών και υπηρεσιών. Στο πλαίσιο αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής, πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ακτινοβολίας. Ιδιαίτερη προσοχή δόθηκε στην ακτινοβολία από κινητά τηλέφωνα. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν πάνω από 3000 μετρήσεις για τα δίκτυα 4G και 5G σε περιοχές ευαίσθητης χρήσης γης. Τα αποτελέσμτα της διδακτορικής διατριβής, υποδεικνύει ότι οι νέες ασύρματες τεχνολογίες είναι δύσκολο να αλλάξουν σημαντικά το υπόβαθρο EMF σε οικιστικές και εξωτερικές περιοχές. Όλα τα αποτελέσματα των μετρήσεων ήταν πολύ κάτω από τα αυστηρότερα όρια της Ελλάδας σε όλα τα εξεταζόμενα φάσματα. Η διατριβή περιλάμβανε επίσης ανασκόπηση της επιστημονικής βιβλιογραφίας, ενσωματώνοντας τις ενημερωμένες οδηγίες που εκδόθηκαν από την ICNIRP το 2020. Τέλος, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν εργαλεία γεωγραφικών συστημάτων ως διαφορετικός τρόπος απεικόνισης των μετρήσεων ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ακτινοβολίας, με σκοπό την καλύτερη και ευκολότερη κατανόησή τους από τον γενικό πληθυσμό.