bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of endothelin-1 and cell surface adhesion molecules levels in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Mauliūtė Monika , Rugienė Rita , Žėkas Vytautas , Bagdonaitė Loreta
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including systemic sclerosis. In addition to modulating vascular tone and extracellular matrix turnover, ET-1 up-regulates cell surface adhesion molecules–intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the detection of ET-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis.

Methods

A total of 30 patients with systemic sclerosis from Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics were included in the study. Serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ET-1 were assessed by enzyme immunoassay.

Results

ET-1 concentration was associated with VCAM-1 concentration (r=0.687; p<0.001). No associations between ET-1 and ICAM-1 concentrations were detected. Depending on the duration of the disease no significant differences in the concentrations of ET-1, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated that ET-1 and VCAM-1 may be assessed together as markers of inflammation and the identification of patients at high risk for disease progression.
The rationality of madness: Did Plato, Cusanus and Kierkegaard get it right?
Authors: Alfsvåg Knut
Published: September 2020

Modern psychiatry has arguably been taken captive by the philosophical presuppositions of modernity to the extent that its descriptions of mental illness appear unstable and susceptible to misuse. Foucault pointed to Nicholas Cusanus as a possible alternative, and this suggestion is here taken as the point of departure for an investigation of how the understanding of the human as informed by the encounter with the eternal points us in the direction of a different understanding of reality. Kierkegaard stands in the same Neoplatonic tradition as Cusanus, but takes his approach one step further by investigating the psychopathology of disbelief through his work with anxiety and despair. The article argues that psychiatry has much to learn from a deeper engagement with this tradition.
A Research Note on Relationships Between the Vertical Jump and Standing Broad Jump in Law Enforcement Recruits: Implications for Lower-Body Power Testing
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Moreno Mathew R. , Dawes J. Jay
Published: September 2020

Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, and Dawes, JJ. A research note on relationships between the vertical jump and standing broad jump in law enforcement recruits: implications for lower-body power testing. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2326–2329, 2022—Jump testing is often used to infer lower-body power in law enforcement recruits. The vertical jump (VJ) is most common, but can be equipment-intensive. The standing broad jump (SBJ) also provides a measure of lower-body power, requires less equipment, and could be practical for training staff with limited resources. There has been no analysis of the relationships between the VJ and SBJ in law enforcement recruits to ensure they measure similar qualities. This research note investigated the relationships between the VJ and SBJ in recruits from one agency. The sample included 71 men and 23 women who completed the VJ and SBJ before academy. Independent samples t-tests compared the sexes in both jump tests. Pearson's correlations calculated relationships between the VJ and SBJ variables (VJ height, height relative to body mass, peak power and power-to-body mass ratio calculated from VJ height; SBJ distance and distance relative to body mass) in all recruits combined, men, and women. Male recruits outperformed females in all absolute VJ and SBJ variables (p < 0.001), except for relative-to-body mass VJ and SBJ. There were large significant relationships between most jump variables for all recruits combined, men, and women (r = 0.371–0.684). Relative VJ and SBJ did not significantly relate (r = 0.123–0.203). There were generally strong relationships between the VJ and SBJ in recruits, although the relative data indicated some differences in qualities assessed by each jump. Nonetheless, training staff could use the SBJ as a lower-body absolute power indicator, especially with limited resources.
Effect of Rolling after Heat Treatment on Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility for High Strength Steel Fasteners
Authors: Saliby F. , Brahimi S. , Rajagopalan S. , Yue S.
Published: September 2020

Steel fasteners comprising two different metallurgical structures were investigated for hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility by incremental step load testing. The metallurgical structures examined consisted of tempered martensite obtained by quenching and tempering and lower bainite obtained by austempering. It has been shown that lower bainite exhibits marginally lower HE susceptibility when tested under moderate hydrogen charging conditions (e.g., −1.0 V). At the most severe hydrogen charging potential of −1.2 V, both microstructures are equally embrittled. The current paper examines the effect of the sequence of the fabrication process, specifically the effect of rolling the threads before and after heat treatment (i.e., quenching and tempering or austempering). The results show irrespective of the metallurgical structure, rolling the threads after heat treatment causes a significant decrease in HE susceptibility. These findings are attributed to the presence of high dislocation density when thread rolling is performed on hardened parts as a final manufacturing step.
An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains
Authors: Zadehdabagh G. , Karimi K. , Rezabaigi M. , Ajamgard F.
Published: September 2020

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.
Simple HPLC method for rapid quantification of nicotine content in e-cigarettes liquids
Authors: Alhusban Ala A. , Ata Samah A.
Published: September 2020

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) are gaining popularity in Jordan as alternatives to tobacco cigarettes with an estimation of 10% of tobacco smokers switching to ENDs. Since nicotine is toxic and highly addictive substance, it is important to develop and validate an easy and rapid analytical method to accurately measure nicotine level in e-liquids. A simple high performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA) method was developed and validated for rapid determination of the actual nicotine content in 11 of the most popular e-liquids brands available in the Jordanian market and compared to the nicotine levels appeared in the labeled packaging. The new method of analysis showed an excellent linearity with correlation factor equal to 0.9994 with analytical range between 100 and 1,000 µg/mL, and Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) of 32.6 µg/mL and 98.9 µg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the actual measured nicotine concentrations ranged from 0 to 25.81 mg/mL with percent deviation ranged from 63.1% less than to 3.24% more than the labeled concentration on packaging. And more than 10% deviation difference in actual nicotine concentrations versus labeled were found in 9 of the 11 e-liquid products (82%). In conclusion, nicotine labelling among e-liquids products have not accurately reflect the actual content which may have potential negative impact on users.
Cloth masks as respiratory protections in the COVID-19 pandemic period: evidence gaps
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina de Oliveira e , Almeida Ana Maria de , Freire Maria Eliane Moreira , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida , Gir Elucir , Nogueira Wynne Pereira
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify scientific evidence on the effectiveness of using cloth masks as safe protectors against COVID-19. Method: an integrative review of articles available in full obtained at PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Controlled, non-controlled descriptors and keywords such as “mask”, “home-made” and “cloth” or “cotton” and “infection control” or “infection prevention” were used. Results: thirty-eight articles were selected; of these, seven studies made up the sample. Evidence shows that cloth masks do not have the same protective characteristics as surgical masks, indicating an increased risk of infection due to humidity, diffusion of fluids, virus retention, and improper preparation. Considering the shortage of surgical masks during the pandemic, cloth masks could be proposed as a last resort. Conclusion: cloth masks should be used together with preventive measures, such as home insulation, good respiratory conduct, and regular hand hygiene.
Allocation of resources for health care in COVID-19 pandemic times: integrative review
Authors: Silva Karla Rona da , Souza Fernanda Gonçalves de , Roquete Fátima Ferreira , Faria Shirlei Moreira da Costa , Peixoto Bruno César Ferreira , Vieira Adriane
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze information on resource allocation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, published in indexed scientific journals, from December 2019 to March 2020. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, which took place in March 2020. All databases were investigated and studies were found only in MEDLINE. After applying the established criteria, six articles were selected. Results: It was evident that the allocation of resources is carried out as the demands emerge. The fragility in presenting scientific-methodological evidence that can guide decision makers for assertive allocation of available resources is highlighted. The results showed that studies on this subject are incipient and need to be expanded. Final considerations: The need for health organizations and area authorities to be better prepared for the proper use of available resources, with allocation based on scientific evidence and maximization of resources is indicated.
Stents in the femoropopliteal territory: prevalence of fractures and their consequences
Authors: DAHER MARCELO DE AZEVEDO , LOPEZ GAUDENCIO ESPINOSA , DUARTE PEDRO VAZ
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Endovascular treatment for femoropopliteal arterial disease has made revascularization procedures less invasive, but the self-expanding stents used can suffer great wear in arteries with extreme mobility. Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of fractures in stents implanted in the femoropopliteal segment, to identify predisposing factors and consequences on arterial patency. Method: between March and June 2019, thirty patients previously operated for femoropopliteal obstruction underwent stent X-rays in anteroposterior and lateral views to detect fractures and Doppler to analyze arterial patency. Results: we observed 12 cases with fractures (33.3%): 1 type I (2.8%), 3 type II (8.3%), 5 type III (13.9%), 3 type IV (8.3%) and no type V. According to the TASC II we had 1 in group B (8.3%), 6 in group C (50%) and 5 in group D (41.6%) p <0.004. The number of stents per limb was 3.1 (± 1.3) in cases of fracture versus 2.3 (± 1.3) in cases without fracture (p = 0.08). The extension was 274.17mm (± 100.94) in cases of fracture and 230.83mm (± 135.44) in cases without fracture (p = 0.29). On Doppler we had: 17 patients (47.2%) without stenosis, 9 patients (25%) with stenosis> 50% and 10 patients (27.8%) with occlusion (p = 0.37). There was no correlation between fracture and arterial obstruction (p = 0.33). Conclusion: stent fractures are a frequent finding in the femoropopliteal area (33.3%), being more prevalent in cases of more advanced disease (C and D). There was no association between the finding of fracture and arterial obstruction.
A DIVERSIDADE DE AGENTES E AGENDAS NA SOCIOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi , Silva Camila Ferreira da
Published: September 2020

Resumo O campo da sociologia da educação (SE) é marcado por uma profunda heterogeneidade, o que se vincula também à clivagem institucional existente entre os programas de pós-graduação em Sociologia e os programas de pós-graduação em Educação no Brasil. Neste artigo buscamos examinar de forma comparativa a SE desenvolvida nesses dois diferentes espaços institucionais, tomando como fio condutor os programas que possuem linhas de pesquisa nesta área, analisando a formação dos agentes que se situam nesse campo e as diferentes agendas de pesquisa existentes. Observamos uma expressiva presença da SE nos programas de Sociologia, marcada pelo predomínio de pesquisadores consolidados, com formação disciplinar no campo da Sociologia, e com uma agenda direcionada majoritariamente para o ensino superior. Nos programas de Educação, ainda que haja proporcionalmente menos linhas de pesquisa dedicadas à SE, o número de pesquisadores dedicados ao tema é maior, havendo uma renovação mais intensa do corpus e uma agenda de pesquisa mais voltada para a educação básica.
Tendências nos indicadores de desempenho e monitoramento de produção dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas do Brasil
Authors: Andrade Fabiola Bof de , Pinto Rafaela da Silveira , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a tendência temporal dos indicadores de monitoramento de produção e desempenho dos serviços de atenção secundária em saúde bucal do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no período de 2008 a 2018. Realizou-se um estudo de séries temporais com base nos dados de produção dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEOs) obtidos junto ao Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS. O indicador de monitoramento foi avaliado segundo a proporção de CEOs que cumpriram a meta mensal estabelecida para cada especialidade (atenção básica, endodontia, cirurgia, periodontia). O desempenho dos serviços foi definido como ruim para aqueles que não cumpriram nenhuma ou apenas uma das metas estipuladas para as quatro especialidades odontológicas. As séries temporais construídas foram analisadas pelo método da decomposição, considerando os componentes de tendência, variação sazonal e variação aleatória. Todas as análises foram feitas para o Brasil e cada uma das cinco macrorregiões. Verificou-se o declínio da proporção de CEOs que cumpriram as metas da atenção básica no país como um todo. As tendências da proporção de cumprimento de metas para a área de cirurgia e periodontia foram crescentes para o Brasil. Observou-se diferenças importantes na proporção de cumprimento de metas entre as regiões brasileiras, com o pior desempenho dos CEOs nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. As tendências temporais demostraram uma melhora dos serviços para o Brasil como um todo, mas destacam a importância de avaliação das regiões do país e necessidade de monitoramento constante desses indicadores.
Ciclos econômicos na atividade industrial brasileira: uma análise no domínio do tempo e da frequência
Authors: Silva Cristiano da Costa da , Trompieri Neto Nicolino , Castelar Ivan , Silva Erika Vanessa Alves da
Published: September 2020

Resumo Este artigo analisa o comportamento mensal da produção industrial dos estados da Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo, no período de 2002:01 até 2014:12, através da metodologia de tendências e ciclos comuns de Vahid e Engle (1993). Os testes comprovam a existência de duas tendências comuns e cinco ciclos comuns. Os resultados apontam que desvios do equilíbrio de longo prazo na atividade industrial de São Paulo influenciam a trajetória de produção dos demais estados estudados, ao passo que choques permanentes no Rio Grande do Sul afetam efetivamente apenas a dinâmica industrial do Paraná. Para efetuar a análise dos ciclos dos negócios foram implantadas ferramentas oriundas da análise espectral, obtendo, assim, informações adicionais com relação à sincronização das dinâmicas do curto prazo. A hipótese de comovimentos entre os ciclos do Paraná e São Paulo foi confirmada através da análise no domínio da frequência.
Public policies and multilevel governance to promote the creative economy from the cultural fi eld: inter-federative support for Curitiba’s policy
Authors: Procopiuck Mario , Freder Schirlei Mari
Published: September 2020

Abstract The design and implementation of public policies to promote the creative economy as a new sustainable development based have not shown the same results in different societies. This article aims to evaluate the strength and ability of a multilevel governance system formed by institutions and actors at federal, state, and local levels to design and implement public policy to promote the creative economy as an alternative for Brazilian development. The analysis is guided by the concept of multilevel governance, considering horizontal relations and vertical relations to address the public problems of interest to all. The process mapping model for the formulation of public policy called Multiple Streams was necessary for its potential to grasp the logic of the political process. The results indicate the difficulties in forming a multilevel governance system with sufficient capacity to design and implement public policies from the cultural field to promote the creative economy at the federal level, in the state of Paraná and the city of Curitiba.
Brazilian Import Demand of Dairy Products with Emphasis in the Mercosul Context
Authors: Arancibia Rodrigo García , Guiguet Edith Depetris
Published: September 2020

Abstract Brazil is the largest milk producer in South America, with an increasing trend in the last 20 years which allowed the country to start exporting some output. However, it has not become self-reliant and continues to be a major importer in the region, the most relevant partner for Argentina and Uruguay in Mercosul. In this paper, the Brazilian import demand of dairy products is estimated by using a source differentiated demand system framework that is derived from consumer theory. This model takes into account the countries of origin (i.e., Argentina, Uruguay and other grouped competitors) and various dairy aggregated items that compete in the Brazilian market. The expenditure elasticities, and the own and cross-price elasticities are computed with the estimated parameters of the demand system. Interpretation of results follows as well as some conclusions, including the need of further studies and usefulness of this type of research.
Fragilidade fiscal e os ciclos econômicos no Brasil pós-Plano Real: evidências de um modelo de fator dinâmico associado à análise VAR
Authors: Moura Bruno Alves , Tiryaki Gisele Ferreira , Teixeira Diego Nunes
Published: September 2020

Resumo Iniciativas de política fiscal são comumente indicadas para amenizar as flutuações na atividade econômica, particularmente durante recessões severas, quando a política monetária torna-se menos eficaz. No entanto, a evidência empírica em países emergentes mostra que os gastos públicos exibem frequentemente um comportamento pró-cíclico e os desequilíbrios fiscais podem desencadear crises econômicas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar o modelo de fator dinâmico para construir um índice de fragilidade fiscal que permita analisar o comportamento cíclico da política fiscal no Brasil por meio de modelos de vetores autorregressivos (VAR). Utilizando dados mensais entre 1996 e 2019, a análise empírica verificou se as finanças públicas no Brasil se deterioram durante expansões na atividade econômica. Os resultados indicam que choques exógenos na produção aparentam reduzir a fragilidade fiscal e outros fatores que promovem a instabilidade macroeconômica contribuem para a deterioração das finanças públicas, como uma maior volatilidade cambial.
Physical therapy treatment in the functional recovery of dogs submitted to head and femoral neck ostectomy: 20 cases
Authors: Colvero Ana Caroline Teixeira , Schwab Marcelo Luís , Ferrarin Dênis Antonio , Ripplinger Angel , Herculano Lícia Flávia Silva , Wrzesinski Mathias Reginatto , Rauber Júlia da Silva , Mazzanti Alexandre
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: Patients who undergo excisional surgical procedures such as femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) require a postoperative rehabilitation plan which includes different physical therapy modalities. Therefore, this retrospective study was done to demonstrate the different physical therapy modalities utilized in 20 dogs who were subjected to FHO, and to provide data on the frequency of physical therapy modalities, the protocol duration and time interval from the commencement of physiotherapy and surgery and the patient’s functional recovery. All the protocols included the modalities of thermotherapy (heat), massage, passive stretching and passive joint movement. In the initial phase, electrotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound were most often used, while the water treadmill was continued until the treatment was completed. Physiotherapy sessions varied from 3 to 50 in number, and physiotherapy was commenced from day 5 until day 214 post the surgical procedure. The functional recovery of the limb was in the following range: 65% (13/20) satisfactory, 25% (5/20) partially satisfactory and 10% (2/20) unsatisfactory. Physical therapy treatment was thus concluded to be most influential in the functional recovery of the limb, even if was started late.
Effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate and phytogenic on growth performance, carcass traits and health of growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Silva Caio Abércio da , Bridi Ana Maria , Dias Cleandro Pazinato , Callegari Marco Aurélio , Nunes Ernani Caixeta , Pierozan Carlos Rodolfo , Foppa Luciana , Jacob David Vanni , Voorsluys Alessandra Luckmann , Ulbrich Alexandre José , Goossens Tim
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate two feed additives, one based on encapsulated sodium butyrate (Adimix® Precision) (AD) and the other, a phytogenic (Apex® 5) (AX), associated or not with an antimicrobial growth promoter (tylosin) during the growth and finishing phases on performance, carcass characteristics and health conditions. A total of 300 barrows and females were distributed in six treatments in a randomized block design with ten replicates. The treatments consisted of a negative control (NC), positive control (PC) (tylosin), AD (encapsulated sodium butyrate), AX (phytogenic), PC+AD (tylosin+encapsulated sodium butyrate), and PC+AX (tylosin+phytogenic). The performance (live weight, daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion) and carcass data (carcass weight, backfat thickness, loin depth, lean meat on the carcass) were submitted to ANOVA plus Tukey’s test, and the health conditions (occurrence of diseases, culling, and spontaneous deaths) were analyzed by χ2. Animals of the AD group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) over the evaluation period and the highest live weight at 120, 140, and 164 days of age, in addition to the highest carcass weight compared to NC and PC groups. The AX treatment increased the ADG in growth phase II and the live weight at 120 and 140 days of age in relation to the NC. The PC+AX group had a higher final live weight compared to the NC and PC groups and higher carcass weight in relation to the NC group. There was no difference among treatments for backfat thickness, percentage of lean meat in the carcass, or occurrence of diseases and deaths. The inclusion of encapsulated sodium butyrate (AD treatment) was effective in increasing ADG, final live weight, and carcass weight compared to supplementation with tylosin (PC treatment), as was the inclusion of a phytogenic (AX treatment) on FC compared to the PC.
Composition and richness of monogonont rotifers from La Plata River Basin, South America
Authors: Martins Bárbara A. , Coelho Paula N. , Nogueira Marcos G. , Perbiche-Neves Gilmar
Published: September 2020

Abstract: We present here the first study that analyzed the composition and richness of rotifers of the entire La Plata River basin, the second largest in South America, based on simultaneous and standardized sampling. Fifteen large reservoirs and eight river stretches were selected in the upper, middle, and lower portions of the Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers, which are the major rivers of the La Plata basin. We took a total of 86 samples (open water habitats) in 2010. A mean of 27±11 species per sub-basin was found, with the highest richness in the Lower Paraná (41 species), followed by the Paranapanema (40 species) and Lower Uruguay (38 species). Low richness was observed in the Middle Uruguay and Middle Paraná. We found 106 species belonging to 21 families and two orders. The family with the highest number of species was Lecanidae (21), followed by Brachionidae (20), Trichocercidae (9), and Synchaetidae (8). The species with higher occurrences were Conochilus dossuarius, Kellicottia bostoniensis, Keratella americana, Keratella cochlearis and Hexarthra mira. New occurrences of rotifers were registered for Brazil (Colurella adriatica), São Paulo State (Enteroplea lacustris), and Argentina (Gastropus hyptopus, Harringia rousseleti and Lecane thienemanni). Spearman correlation between the number of species and physical and chemical variables demonstrated positive correlation with chlorophyll and temperature, and negative correlation with dissolved oxygen. We extend the distribution list for some native (Lecane ludwigii) and non-native species of rotifers (K. bostoniensis). We also list the monogonont rotifer species found at the sampling stations.
Development of a lumbosacral intervertebral cage prototype for dogs
Authors: Dias Raíra C. , Tsatsakis Ana Carolina , Arias Mônica V. Bahr
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: Several surgical procedures aim to decompress and/or stabilize the lumbosacral (LS) joint of dogs; however, the lumbar interbody fusion technique, by using a cage combined with a bone graft, is the most indicated and used in human medicine. No specific implant is available for application to the canine lumbosacral joint. Thus, this study measured lumbosacral discs in large dogs, determined whether a human cage model could fit the dogs’ L7-S1 intervertebral space, and developed a LS cage prototype for dogs. Ten cadaveric lumbosacral spines from adult dog weighing 20-35kg were used. The dogs had died for reasons unrelated to this study. The vertebral body dimensions and the L7-S1 intervertebral space occupied by the intervertebral disc were measured by lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs and by computed tomography in the dorsal, sagittal, and transverse views. Measurements were also taken of the anatomical specimens in the sagittal and transverse planes. After measuring the intervertebral discs, the following mean measures were obtained for L7-S1 discs: height 12.23mm, dorsal thickness 3.3mm, central thickness 4mm, ventral thickness 5.5mm, and width 24.74mm. The human lumbar cage models from brands LDR, Baumer Orthopedics, Stryker, Synthes, and Vertebral Technologies, Inc. and cervical stabilization cages from the brands B-Braun and Stryker were evaluated and were found to be unsuitable for large dogs. Cervical human cages had measurements similar to those found in this study; however, due to their quadrangular shape, the possibility of being introduced surgically through the surgical accesses available for the articulation between L7-S1 in dogs without injuring the cauda equina or the L7 root is small. A cage model was then developed using 3D modelling software. It was designed for insertion via dorsal laminectomy in the lateral portions of the intervertebral space. To avoid cauda equina lesion, the implant model was developed to be placed laterally to the midline. The cage surface is serrated to prevent using the locking screw to fix it, thus avoiding further injury to nerve structures. The serrated surfaces are also designed to avoid cage migration and promote stability. The prototype allows graft placement in the surrounding intervertebral space, which is fundamental for fusion through integration between the cage and the endplates as well as for bone growth between and around the cage. It was also considered studies on humans showing that the lateral regions of the endplates support a more considerable load. Biomechanical and in vivo studies on the developed model are necessary to evaluate the actual degree of distraction, mobility and the long-term rate of fusion between L7 and S1 and its possible impact on the adjacent motor units, combined or not with dorsal fixation techniques.
Cambios en la comprensión del propio rol de extensionista a partir de la experiencia: un estudio latinoamericano
Authors: Landini Fernando Pablo
Published: September 2020

Resumen: La extensión rural constituye una práctica altamente compleja. En general, la bibliografía académica ha estudiado los cambios históricos que han acontecidos en los enfoques de extensión. Sin embargo, poca atención ha recibido el estudio de los cambios en los enfoques de los extensionistas a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. En esta investigación se describe de qué manera se transforma el modo en que los extensionistas comprenden su rol a partir de la práctica y la experiencia. Se entrevistó a 133 extensionistas de seis países latinoamericanos. Las entrevistas fueron transcriptas y sometidas a un análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que los extensionistas, como resultado de la práctica y la experiencia, tienden a (1) ampliar y complejizar su forma de comprender la tarea de extensión, (2) tomar conciencia de las limitaciones de sus propios conocimientos y propuestas, (3) adoptar enfoques más dialógicos y constructivistas, y a (4) ser progresivamente más realistas. En paralelo, se observa que los enfoques de extensión se articulan fuertemente con las identidades y con las emociones de los extensionistas, lo que explica que impulsar cambios en el modo de pensar la extensión sea una tarea altamente compleja.
Challenges in the diagnosis of dementia: insights from the United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop
Authors: Calil Victor , Elliott Emma , Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Barbosa Breno José Alencar Pires , Bram Jessyka , Silva Felipe de Oliveira , Cardoso Leonardo Galvão Machado , Mariano Luciano Inácio , Dias Natalia , Hornberger Michael , Caramelli Paulo
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. In July 2019, a group of multidisciplinary dementia researchers from Brazil and the United Kingdom (UK) met in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, to discuss and propose solutions to current challenges faced in the diagnosis, public perception and care of dementia. Here we summarize the outcomes from the workshop addressing challenges in diagnosis. Brazil faces a major problem in dementia underdiagnosis, particularly involving the population in an adverse socioeconomic context. There is poor availability of resources and specialists, and the knowledge of general practitioners and other healthcare professionals is far from satisfactory. Low education level is a further obstacle in diagnosing dementia, as the most commonly used screening tests are not designed to evaluate this population. Patients and their families must overcome the stigma of a diagnosis of dementia, which is still prevalent in Brazil and increases the burden of this condition. Whilst the UK has greater resources, dedicated memory services and a National Dementia Strategy plan, the National Health Service (NHS) has limited funding. Therefore, some challenges regarding diagnosis are common across both countries. The authors suggest possible solutions to confront these, with the goal of improving assessment and recognition of dementia and reducing misdiagnosis.
Challenges in public perception: highlights from the United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop
Authors: Pelegrini Lucas Nogueira de Carvalho , Hall Abigail , Hooper Emma , Oliveira Déborah , Guerra Flora , Casemiro Francine Golghetto , Bonfadini Janine , Yong Keir , Pereira Natalie , Costa Raquel , Barbosa Maira Tonidandel , Mioshi Eneida
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. In July 2019, Belo Horizonte hosted an international workshop for 27 junior researchers, whose participants were from Brazil and the United Kingdom. This three-day meeting organized by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and the University of East Anglia addressed challenges in cognitive impairment and dementia, with particular interest in public perceptions, diagnosis and care management. The purpose of this report is to highlight the outcomes of the above-mentioned workshop regarding the topic of public perceptions (part I). Discussions focused on differences and similarities between countries, as well as on identifying main issues that required collaborative and creative solutions. After these group discussions, four core themes emerged: I) cognitive impairment; II) dementia - beyond Alzheimer’s disease; III) prevention; and IV) stigma. National and international initiatives to deal with public misperceptions about cognitive impairment and dementia were discussed.
Moving from neurodegenerative dementias, to cognitive proteinopathies, replacing “where” by “what”…
Authors: Allegri Ricardo Francisco
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Neurodegenerative dementias have been described based on their phenotype, in relation to selective degeneration occurring in a particular neuroanatomical system. More recently however, the term proteinopathy has been introduced to describe diseases in which one or more altered proteins can be detected. Neurodegenerative diseases can be produced by more than one abnormal protein and each proteinopathy can determine different clinical phenotypes. Specific biomarkers have now been linked to certain molecular pathologies in live patients. In 2016, a new biomarker-based classification, currently only approved for research in Alzheimer’s disease, was introduced. It is based on the evaluation three biomarkers: amyloid (A) detected on amyloid-PET or amyloid- beta 42 assay in CSF; tau (T) measured in CSF as phosphorylated tau or on tau PET imaging; and neuronal injury/neurodegeneration (N), detected by total T-tau in CSF, FDG PET hypometabolism and on MRI brain scan. Results of clinical research using the ATN biomarkers at FLENI, a Neurological Institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina have, since 2011, contributed to ongoing efforts to move away from the concept of neurodegenerative dementias and more towards one of cognitive proteinopathies. Today, clinical diagnosis in dementia can only tell us “where” abnormal tissue is found but not “what” molecular mechanisms are involved.
Pharmacological interventions in corticobasal degeneration: a review
Authors: Caixeta Leonardo , Caixeta Victor de Melo , Nogueira Yanley Lucio , Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a sporadic tauopathy that presents with a varied combination of motor, cognitive, and behavioral features, making its diagnosis difficult. CBD has high morbidity and poor prognosis, with no effective therapy at present. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles published from 1990 to 2019, using the keywords “corticobasal degeneration” AND “treatment.” The PRISMA method was adopted. Retrieved articles were characterized as having one of two methodological approaches: (1) studies aimed at primary tauopathy treatment and (2) symptomatic management. Review articles (based on CBD expert groups), case reports, case series, and pilot clinical trials were selected. Few attempts have been made to study drug options and drug efficacy in CBD systematically, and an effective treatment is not yet available. Treatment is symptomatic and based on similarity with other diseases due to the scarcity of studies specifically addressing CBD. CBD seems not to spark interest in more clinical trials for its low prevalence and reliability in clinical diagnosis.
Verbal fluency in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in individuals with low educational level and its relationship with reading and writing habits
Authors: Tessaro Bruna , Hermes-Pereira Andressa , Schilling Lucas Porcello , Fonseca Rochele Paz , Kochhann Renata , Hübner Lilian Cristine
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Verbal fluency (VF) has contributed to building cognitive maps as well as differentiating healthy populations from those with dementia. Objectives: To compare the performance of healthy controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in two semantic VF tasks (animals/clothes) and a phonemic VF task (letter P). Also, to analyze the relationship between the frequency of reading and writing habits (FRWH) and VF in individuals with low educational level. Methods: Sixty-seven older adults aged 60-80 years and with 2-8 years of schooling were divided into three groups: controls (n=25), older adults with MCI (n=24), and older adults with AD (n=18). We analyzed the type, mean size, and number of clusters, switches, intersections, and returns. A post-hoc single-factor ANOVA analysis was conducted to verify differences between groups. Results: Total words in the phonemic VF and the animal category discriminated the three groups. Regarding the animal category, AD patients performed worse than controls in the total number of words, taxonomic clusters, returns, and number of words remembered. We found a moderate correlation between FRWH and total number of words in the phonemic fluency. Conclusions: Semantic (animate) and phonemic (total words) VF differentiated controls and clinical groups from each other - the phonemic component was more related to FRWH than the semantic one. The phonemic VF seems to be more related to cognitive reserve. VF tasks, considering total words and cluster analyses, are a valuable tool to test healthy and cognitively impaired older adults who have a low educational level.
A economia política do conhecimento
Authors: Oliveira Elizabeth Moura , Filgueiras Luiz
Published: September 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é o de discutir, no interior do paradigma marxista, o que se considera ser o aspecto central do debate sobre a “Economia do Conhecimento”, e que antecede todos os demais, qual seja: a natureza e o significado da mercadoria-conhecimento. Mais especificamente, o propósito é evidenciar o caráter rentista da “nova economia”, a partir da análise crítica da tese da desmedida do valor (Eleutério Prado), e da tese da ausência de valor nas mercadorias-conhecimento (Rodrigo Teixeira e Tomas Rotta). Evidenciamos a necessidade de se avançar para níveis menos abstratos de análise, particularmente, no sentido de relacionar o rentismo às reconfigurações contemporâneas do imperialismo e da dependência.
Herbert Somerton Foxwell e a tradição econômica de Cambridge
Authors: Arthmar Rogério
Published: September 2020

Resumo O artigo resgata o aporte de Herbert Somerton Foxwell à formação da abordagem econômica de Cambridge, na Inglaterra, durante a sua longa estadia como professor na instituição no final do século dezenove e as primeiras décadas do século vinte. Inicialmente, apresentam-se algumas notas biográficas a respeito do autor em suas atividades acadêmicas e na aquisição de livros. A seguir, delineia-se a sua associação com o movimento historicista inglês, bem como a produção intelectual de Foxwell nos campos da economia bancária, da concorrência, das flutuações industriais e da história do pensamento econômico. Simultaneamente, em cada seção, ilustra-se a sua influência na obra de colegas como John Neville Keynes, John Maynard Keynes, Piero Sraffa e Arthur Cecil Pigou. O artigo encerra com algumas considerações sobre os avanços e limitações da participação de Foxwell nas controvérsias econômicas de seu tempo.
Companhias de seguro na economia brasileira, 1889-1914
Authors: Lanna Beatriz Duarte , Saes Alexandre Macchione
Published: September 2020

Resumo Esse artigo trata da atuação das companhias de seguros no Brasil entre os anos de 1889 e 1914. Buscamos apresentar quão ampla foi a inserção dessas firmas na economia brasileira de então; constata-se que, para além da concessão de seguros marítimos, terrestres e de vida, essas companhias tiveram ativa participação financeira, concedendo crédito e financiando o Estado brasileiro por meio da contínua compra de apólices da dívida pública federal. Buscou-se enfatizar a transição de uma dinâmica mercantil para outra financeira, comprovada para as companhias de seguros sobretudo a partir da década de 1890, e mostrar como a atividade seguradora no Brasil de então foi influenciada pelas novas condições do capitalismo global.
Participação das crianças em projeto político-social elaborado por adultos: a Plenarinha no Distrito Federal
Authors: Barbosa Etienne Baldez Louzada , Voltarelli Monique Aparecida
Published: September 2020

Resumo Falar de participação infantil remete a distintos graus e possibilidades em que as crianças tenham suas opiniões consideradas e possam exercer a cidadania por meio de processos iniciados por adultos ou por elas, mas que haja relações de equilíbrio de poder e parceria. Frequentemente, a participação das crianças é referida em projetos de forma decorativa, usando as falas das crianças, para reafirmar que elas estiveram envolvidas nos processos e tiveram suas vozes consideradas. Entretanto, essa ilustração remete apenas a etapas de não participação das crianças e que demandam repensar conceitos que envolvem esse complexo processo. Atentando-se a essas questões, o presente texto procurou compreender como ocorre a participação das crianças pequenas na Plenarinha no Distrito Federal proposta pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que fez uso de análise documental, buscou-se verificar nos textos oficiais publicados e notícias vinculadas no jornal Correio Braziliense se o programa considerava a voz das crianças na implementação de mudanças na educação infantil. Após análise dos documentos, pode-se referir que o programa não contemplou as infâncias presentes nas instituições de educação infantil, bem como ocultou nos documentos como os processos de participação das crianças ocorreram. Nota-se que a perspectiva adultocêntrica coloca-se como um impeditivo para legitimar a ação social das crianças, que têm sua competência comparada a padrões adultos, e que acabam por invisibilizar esse grupo minoritário, que historicamente esteve à margem da participação social.
Climate change reflected in one of the largest wetlands in the world: an overview of the Northern Pantanal water regime
Authors: Lázaro Wilkinson Lopes , Oliveira-Júnior Ernandes Sobreira , Silva Carolina Joana da , Castrillon Solange Kimie Ikeda , Muniz Claumir César
Published: September 2020

Abstract: The dynamics of Pantanal is totally influenced by the flood pulse, which is, in part, a consequence of rainfall regime from the Amazon in the direction to the headlands and the lowlands where the water is retained, and the flood plain is formed. The impacts of climate change have not yet been measured for the Northern Pantanal (Pantanal of Cáceres), where it is the gateway to most Pantanal waters. Here, we have used rainfall, hydrology, and satellite imagery data to ascertain the possible rainfall patterns, water retention, and level of the Paraguay River over the past decades. Although a well-defined water pulse is found in the Northern Pantanal, over a 42-year historical series the number of days without precipitation has greatly increased, as well the loss of water mass in the landscape over the last 10 years specifically in during the drought season. Overall, nowadays the Northern Pantanal has 13% more days without rain than in the 60’s, and the water mass is 16% less during the drought season considering the last 10 years. These results show that nowadays the Pantanal is losing water and experiencing a more severe drought season than in the past. Regarding the physicochemical and biological cycles of the ecosystem, these changes can result in the loss of biodiversity, as well as the loss of ecosystem services, intrinsically linked to the flood pulse. Given that these losses have been aggravated by anthropogenic pressures (e.g. deforestation, erosion, hydroelectric power stations), the drafting of strategic plans for safeguarding wildlife and human populations, as well as agriculture, cattle raising, fisheries and the preservation of the people’s lifestyle in the Pantanal must be urgently implemented.
First record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) at Poxim-Açu River, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rosa Leonardo Cruz da , Dantas José Oliveira
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Aim The objective of this work is to provide a new occurrence record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea in the Poxim-Açu River, northeastern Brazil. Methods Samplings were carried out on October 20th of 2016 at five sites along Poxim-Açu River. At each site five samples were taken with a PVC core of 0.25 m of diameter and all individuals found inside core were sorted by hand. Results The species was recorded at all sites with densities ranging from 412±169 to 1692±1474 individuals/m2. Conclusion This record extends the distribution of C. fluminea at northeastern Brazil.
First records of non-native species Malaysian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in an important South American hydrographic system
Authors: Silva Thiago Augusto da , Ballester Eduardo Luís Cupertino , Cunico Almir Manoel
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Aim The objective of this work is to record the occurrence of non-native species Macrobrachiun rosenbergii in water bodies of the Piquiri River basin, State of Paraná, Brazil, an important South American hydrographic system. Methods Samples were obtained from October 2015 to June 2016 and from September 2017 to September 2018, using traps and electric fishing equipment (portable alternating current generator, 2.5 kW, 400 V, 2A) in the Piquiri River and two tributaries. Results 16 M. rosenbergii specimens were caught, 11 females and 5 males. Conclusions Our results indicated the introduction of the species M. rosenbergii into the Piquiri River basin by aquaculture activity. The constant insertion of new specimens by the productive sector may, in the short term, maintain populations with large number of individuals, causing potential damage to the native biodiversity.
Correcting for Endogeneity in Models with Bunching
Authors: Caetano Carolina , Caetano Gregorio , Nielsen Eric
Published: September 2020

We show that in models with endogeneity, bunching at the lower or upper boundary of the distribution of the treatment variable may be used to build a correction for endogeneity. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the parameters of the corrected model, provide an estimator of the standard errors, and prove the consistency of the bootstrap. An empirical application reveals that time spent watching television, corrected for endogeneity, has roughly no net effect on cognitive skills and a significant negative net effect on non-cognitive skills in children.