bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A national study to assess pharmacists’ preparedness against COVID-19 during its rapid rise period in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Iltaf , Majeed Abdul , Saeed Hamid , Hashmi Furqan K. , Imran Imran , Akbar Muqarrab , Chaudhry Muhammad O. , Rasool Muhammad Fawad
Published: November 2020

To evaluate the pharmacist’s preparedness against the COVID-19 during its rapid rise period in Pakistan, an online cross-sectional study was carried out from March 30 to May 22, 2020 among the pharmacists using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. A total of 1149 participants completed the survey, amongst which 430(37.9%) were working as retail pharmacists, 216 (18.8%) as community pharmacists, and 213(18.5%) as hospital pharmacists. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score of the participants was 6.77±0.5, which indicated that 84% of them had good knowledge about COVID-19. The multiple linear regression model revealed that attitude was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.001), marital status (p<0.0001) and resident (p = 0.013). The mean practice score was 2.85±0.4, showing that 94% of the participants were following adequate preventive practices against this infection. The results from this study suggest that Pharmacists demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitudes, and acceptable practices regarding COVID-19.
Elevated temperature and drought stress significantly affect fruit quality and activity of anthocyanin-related enzymes in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. ‘Lingwuchangzao’)
Authors: Jiang Wenqian , Li Na , Zhang Dapeng , Meinhardt Lyndel , Cao Bing , Li Yuanjing , Song Lihua
Published: November 2020

The quality attributes of jujube fruit can be directly and indirectly affected by abiotic stresses associated with climate change. Increased temperature and drought are among the most important factors challenging sustainable jujube production in the temperate semi-arid region in northwest China. The main objective of the present study was to understand the effects of elevated air temperature and drought stress on sugar and acid accumulation and coloration of jujube fruits. The content of soluble sugar, organic acid and pigments of traditional jujube "Linwuchangzao" under different atmospheric temperatures and drought stresses were analyzed during three different fruit ripening stages. The elevated temperature (1.5–2.5° C than normal temperature) significantly increased the fruit sugar content, sugar-acid ratio, anthocyanins, flavonoids and carotenoids content. Under the drought stress where the soil moisture was 30% -50% of the field capacity, sugar content, anthocyanin, flavonoid and carotenoid content of the fruit were significantly reduced at the same temperature, but the chlorophyll and organic acid content increased. No significant interaction of Temperature x Drought was observed for all the analyzed quality parameters. The current results showed that the fruit quality of jujube variety "Lingwuchangzao" could be improved when the atmospheric temperature increases by 2° C in this region. However, drought stress had a negative impact on the fruit's sugar-acid ratio and pigment content. The present results also showed that the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in jujube fruit were positively correlated with sugar content and related enzyme activities, especially Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. This study, therefore, provides novel information for understanding the influence of growth environment on the quality properties of jujube fruits. This knowledge will help develop appropriate crop management practices for jujube production in arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China.
The association of clinical phenotypes to known AD/FTD genetic risk loci and their inter-relationship
Authors: Li Qingqin S. , Tian Chao ,   The 23andMe Research Team, Hinds David , Seabrook Guy R.
Published: November 2020

To elucidate how variants in genetic risk loci previously implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and/or frontotemporal dementia (FTD) contribute to expression of disease phenotypes, a phenome-wide association study was performed in two waves. In the first wave, we explored clinical traits associated with thirteen genetic variants previously reported to be linked to disease risk using both the 23andMe and UKB cohorts. We tested 30 additional AD variants in UKB cohort only in the second wave. APOE variants defining ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles and rs646776 were identified to be significantly associated with metabolic/cardiovascular and longevity traits. APOE variants were also significantly associated with neurological traits. ABI3 variant rs28394864 was significantly associated with cardiovascular (e.g. (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, angina) and immune-related trait asthma. Both APOE variants and CLU variant were significantly associated with nearsightedness. HLA- DRB1 variant was associated with diseases with immune-related traits. Additionally, variants from 10+ AD genes (BZRAP1-AS1, ADAMTS4, ADAM10, APH1B, SCIMP, ABI3, SPPL2A, ZNF232, GRN, CD2AP, and CD33) were associated with hematological measurements such as white blood cell (leukocyte) count, monocyte count, neutrophill count, platelet count, and/or mean platelet (thrombocyte) volume (an autoimmune disease biomarker). Many of these genes are expressed specifically in microglia. The associations of ABI3 variant with cardiovascular and immune-related traits are one of the novel findings from this study. Taken together, it is evidenced that at least some AD and FTD variants are associated with multiple clinical phenotypes and not just dementia. These findings were discussed in the context of causal relationship versus pleiotropy via Mendelian randomization analysis.
Rituximab-specific DNA aptamers are able to selectively recognize heat-treated antibodies
Authors: Kohlberger Michael , Wildner Sabrina , Regl Christof , Huber Christian G. , Gadermaier Gabriele
Published: November 2020

The monoclonal anti-CD20 IgG1 antibody rituximab is used as a first-line treatment for B cell lymphoma. Like all therapeutic antibodies, it is a complex protein for which both safety and efficacy heavily depend on the integrity of its three-dimensional structure. Aptamers, short oligonucleotides with a distinct fold, can be used to detect minor modifications or structural variations of a molecule or protein. To detect antibody molecules in a fold state occurring prior to protein precipitation, we generated DNA aptamers that were selected for extensively heat-treated rituximab. Using the magnetic bead-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), we obtained six DNA aptamer sequences (40-mers) specific for 80°C heat-treated rituximab.In silicofold prediction and circular dichroism analysis revealed a G-quadruplex structure for one aptamer, while all others exhibited a B-DNA helix. Binding affinities ranging from 8.8–86.7 nM were determined by an enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay (ELASA). Aptamers additionally detected structural changes in rituximab treated for 5 min at 70°C, although with lower binding activity. Notably, none of the aptamers recognized rituximab in its native state nor did they detect the antibody after it was exposed to lower temperatures or different physical stressors. Aptamers also reacted with the therapeutic antibody adalimumab incubated at 80°C suggesting similar aptamer binding motifs located on extensively heat-treated IgG1 antibodies. Within this work, we obtained the first aptamer panel, which is specific for an antibody fold state specifically present prior to protein aggregation. This study demonstrates the potential of aptamer selection for specific stress-based protein variants, which has potential impact for quality control of biopharmaceuticals.
Emotional distress and adjustment in patients with end-stage kidney disease: A qualitative exploration of patient experience in four hospital trusts in the West Midlands, UK
Authors: Sein Kim , Damery Sarah , Baharani Jyoti , Nicholas Johann , Combes Gill
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To explore patient perceptions and experiences of mild-to-moderate emotional distress and the support offered by kidney units to patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Methods

In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with patients (n = 46) being treated for end-stage kidney disease in four hospital Trusts, with data analysed thematically.

Results

Patients described multiple sources of distress and talked about the substantial burden that emotional challenges raised for their ability to manage their condition and develop coping strategies. Many patients did not feel it appropriate to disclose their emotional issues to staff on the kidney unit, due to a perceived lack of time for staff to deal with such issues, or a perception that staff lacked the necessary skills to provide resolution. Five themes were identified from the patient interviews, broadly related to patients’ experience of distress, and the support offered by the kidney unit: i) the emotional burden that distress placed on patients; ii) patients’ relationship with the treatment for their condition; iii) strategies for coping and adjustment; iv) patient-staff interactions and the support offered by the kidney unit, and v) the mediating impact of the treatment environment on patient experience of distress and their ability to raise emotional issues with staff.

Conclusions

Many patients felt unprepared for the likelihood of experiencing emotional issues as part of their condition, for which pre-dialysis education could help in managing expectations, along with support to help patients to develop appropriate coping strategies and adjustments. These findings demonstrate the importance of recognising patient distress and ensuring that talking about distress becomes normalised for patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Quantifying cognitive resilience in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Alzheimer’s Disease Cognitive Resilience Score
Authors: Yao Tianyi , Sweeney Elizabeth , Nagorski John , Shulman Joshua M. , Allen Genevera I.
Published: November 2020

Even though there is a clear link between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) related neuropathology and cognitive decline, numerous studies have observed that healthy cognition can exist in the presence of extensive AD pathology, a phenomenon sometimes called Cognitive Resilience (CR). To better understand and study CR, we develop the Alzheimer’s Disease Cognitive Resilience Score (AD-CR Score), which we define as the difference between the observed and expected cognition given the observed level of AD pathology. Unlike other definitions of CR, our AD-CR Score is a fully non-parametric, stand-alone, individual-level quantification of CR that is derived independently of other factors or proxy variables. Using data from two ongoing, longitudinal cohort studies of aging, the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), we validate our AD-CR Score by showing strong associations with known factors related to CR such as baseline and longitudinal cognition, non AD-related pathology, education, personality, APOE, parkinsonism, depression, and life activities. Even though the proposed AD-CR Score cannot be directly calculated during an individual’s lifetime because it uses postmortem pathology, we also develop a machine learning framework that achieves promising results in terms of predicting whether an individual will have an extremely high or low AD-CR Score using only measures available during the lifetime. Given this, our AD-CR Score can be used for further investigations into mechanisms of CR, and potentially for subject stratification prior to clinical trials of personalized therapies.
Immunoproteomic analysis of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi excretory-secretory muscle larvae proteins recognized by sera from humans infected with Trichinella
Authors: Grzelak Sylwia , Stachyra Anna , Stefaniak Jerzy , Mrówka Karolina , Moskwa Bożena , Bień-Kalinowska Justyna
Published: November 2020

The present study compares the immunogenic patterns of muscle larvae excretory-secretory proteins (ML E-S) from T. spiralis and T. britovi recognized by Trichinella-infected human sera. Samples were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with 2D-immunoblot and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS analysis, two ELISA procedures and a confirmatory 1D-immunoblot test. Sera were obtained from nine patients with a history of ingestion of raw or undercooked meat who presented typical clinical manifestations of trichinellosis and from eleven healthy people. Specific anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies were detected in all samples tested with the Home-ELISA kits, but in only four samples for the commercially-available kit. The 1D-immunoblot results indicated that all nine serum samples were positive for T. spiralis ML E-S antigens, expressed as the presence of specific bands. In contrast, eight of the serum samples with T. britovi E-S ML antigens were positive, with one serum sample taken from a patient at 33dpi (days post infection) being negative. To identify immunoreactive proteins that are specifically recognized by host antibodies, both species of ML E-S proteins were subjected to 2D-immunoblotting with human serum taken at 49 dpi. The sera recognized 22 protein spots for T. spiralis and 18 for T. britovi in 2D-immunoblot analysis. Their molecular weights (MW) ranged from 50 to 60 kDa. LC-MS/MS analysis identified both common and specifically-recognized immunoreactive proteins: transmembrane serine protease 9, serine protease, antigen targeted by protective antibodies and Actin-1 partial were shared for both Trichinella species; hypothetical protein T01_7775 and P49 antigen, partial those specific to T. spiralis; deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha and hypothetical protein T03_17187/T12_7360 were specific to T. britovi. Our results demonstrate the value of 2-DE and 2D-immunblot as versatile tools for pinpointing factors contributing to the parasite-host relationship by comparing the secretomes of different Trichinella species.
Peripheral blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mojtabavi Helia , Saghazadeh Amene , van den Heuvel Leigh , Bucker Joana , Rezaei Nima
Published: November 2020

Background

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in the survival, differentiation, growth, and plasticity of the central nervous system (CNS). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex syndrome that affects CNS function. Evidence indicates that changes in peripheral levels of BDNF may interfere with stress. However, the results are mixed. This study investigates whether blood levels of BDNF in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are different.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in the major electronic medical databases from inception through September 2019 and identified Observational studies that measured serum levels of BDNF in patients with PTSD compared to controls without PTSD.

Results

20 studies were eligible to be included in the present meta-analysis. Subjects with PTSD (n = 909) showed lower BDNF levels compared to Non-PTSD controls (n = 1679) (SMD = 0.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.18 to 0.85). Subgroup meta-analyses confirmed higher levels of BDNF in patients with PTSD compared to non-PTSD controls in plasma, not serum, and in studies that used sandwich ELISA, not ELISA, for BDNF measurement. Meta-regressions showed no significant effect of age, gender, NOS, and sample size.

Conclusions

PTSD patients had increased serum BDNF levels compared to healthy controls. Our finding of higher BDNF levels in patients with PTSD supports the notion that PTSD is a neuroplastic disorder.
The Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale: Reliability, validity, and relation to coping behavior
Authors: Wakashima Koubun , Asai Keigo , Kobayashi Daisuke , Koiwa Kohei , Kamoshida Saeko , Sakuraba Mayumi
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 is spreading worldwide, causing various social problems. The aim of the present study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and to ascertain FCV-19S effects on assessment of Japanese people's coping behavior. After back-translation of the scale, 450 Japanese participants were recruited from a crowdsourcing platform. These participants responded to the Japanese FCV-19S, the Japanese versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the Japanese versions of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD), which assesses coping behaviors such as stockpiling and health monitoring, reasons for coping behaviors, and socio-demographic variables. Results indicated the factor structure of the Japanese FCV-19S as including seven items and one factor that were equivalent to those of the original FCV-19S. The scale showed adequate internal reliability (α = .87; ω = .92) and concurrent validity, as indicated by significantly positive correlations with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; anxiety, r = .56; depression, r = .29) and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD; perceived infectability, r = .32; germ aversion, r = .29). Additionally, the FCV-19S not only directly increased all coping behaviors (β = .21 - .36); it also indirectly increased stockpiling through conformity reason (indirect effect, β = .04; total effect, β = .31). These results suggest that the Japanese FCV-19S psychometric scale has equal reliability and validity to those of the original FCV-19S. These findings will contribute further to the investigation of various difficulties arising from fear about COVID-19 in Japan.
A paramyxovirus-like model for Ebola virus bipartite promoters
Authors: Gutsche Irina , le Mercier Philippe , Kolakofsky Daniel
Published: November 2020

Paramyxo- and filovirus nucleocapsids (NCs) have bipartite promoters at their 3′ ends to initiate RNA synthesis. The 2 elements, promoter element 1 (PE1) and promoter element 2 (PE2), are separated by a spacer region that must be exactly a multiple of 6 nucleotides (nt) long. Paramyxovirus NCs have 13 nucleoprotein (NP) subunits/turn, such that PE1 and PE2 are juxtaposed on the same face of the NC helix, for concerted recognition by the viral polymerase. Ebola virus (EBOV) NCs, in contrast, have 25 to 28 subunits/turn, meaning that PE1 and PE2 cannot be juxtaposed. However, there is evidence that the number of subunits/turn at the 3′ end of the EBOV NC is variable. We propose a paramyxovirus-like model for EBOV explaining why there are 8 contiguous copies of the PE2 repeat when 3 are sufficient, why expanding this run to 13 further improves minigenome performance, and why there is a limit to the number of hexa-nt that can be inserted in the spacer region.
Más allá de Piaget: cognición adulta y educación
Authors: Martín García Antonio Víctor
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este artículo es intentar una aproximación a la descripción del tipo de pensamiento que utilizan los adultos. Partimos de la base en nuestro trabajo de que el conocimiento sobre el modo como piensan las personas adultas se presenta como un aspecto clave para la teoría pedagógica y especialmente para la práctica, cuando se orienta hacia este tipo de alumnos. Para ello, organizamos el texto integrando el concepto de pensamiento en un constructo más amplio y comprensivo como es el de cognición. Desde ese marco realizamos, en primer lugar, una síntesis crítica de la teoría piagetiana en lo referente al desarrollo cognitivo por cuanto representa el modelo, ya clásico, más elaborado sobre el tema, y en segundo, un análisis de algunas de las formulaciones teóricas y empíricas recientes más importantes sobre la cognición adulta, como por ejemplo las derivadas del procesamiento de la información, de la perspectiva del Life-span, o del denominado modelo de encapsulación. Terminamos intentando ofrecer el estado de la cuestión en relación con los aspectos nucleares del pensamiento adulto. Todo ello con vistas a apoyar procesos de intervención e investigación educativa en este campo.ABSTRACT: The aim this article is to attempt an approach to a description of the type of thought that adults use. We take for granted in our paper that knowledge about the way adults think is a key aspect in pedagogical, theory and especially in terms of practice when it is directed towards this type of students. With this in mind we organize the text integrating the concept of thought in a wider an more comprehensive construct which is cognition. From this framework we make, first of all, a critical synthesis of the Piaget theory related to cognitive development in as far as it represents the now classical model, but more developed on the subject and, secondly an analysis of some of the most important of the recent theoretical and empirical formulation of adult cognition, such as those derived from information process and from the Lifespan perspective. We finish attempting to offer the state of the question in relation to nuclear aspects of adult thought. The aim of all this is to support processes of educational intervention and research in this field.
Influencia del profesorado en la integración escolar del alumnado minoritario
Authors: Jordán José Antonio
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En este estudio se realiza un análisis de la gran influencia que los profesores ejercen sobre la integración escolar de los alumnos culturalmente minoritarios, a través de su forma de «ser» y de «actuar» en la dinámica cotidiana propia de la enseñanza diaria. La investigación y la teoría analizada en este artículo muestra cómo los profesores pueden —y deben— contribuir poderosamente a lograr una afectiva y social integración escolar de esta categoría de alumnado a través de las mil interacciones positivas diarias mantenidas con estos alumnos. También se pone claramente de manifiesto que los datos analizados deben contribuir, sobre todo, a despertar la conciencia profesional de los profesores a fin de capacitarlos para ser reflexivos, sensibles y comprometidos con la suerte escolar de este tipo de alumnado minoritario. En definitiva, la tesis central encerrada en este artículo es que los profesores resultan ser «los instrumentos por excelencia de los instrumentos pedagógicos», también para conseguir una genuina integración escolar de este tipo de alumnos diferentes.ABSTRACT: This study carnes out an analysis of the great influence that teachers have on the school integration concerning culturally minoritary students, both through the way they «are» and the way they «act» in the daily dynamics characteristic of ordinary teaching. The research and theory analized in this work show how the teachers can —and must— contribute strongly to the affective and social school integration of this kind of students in the thousand and one daily positive interactions with these students. Also it's strongly suggested that the data analysed should contribute to awaken the professional conscience of teachers in order to form a moral and professional responsibility in them that qualifies them to be reflective, sensitive and committed with this kind of minoritary students. In short, the central thesis which lies behind this paper is that the teachers are «the better instruments of the pedagogical instruments » for get a genuine school integration of these different students.
Ámbitos de la deontologia profesional docente
Authors: Jover Olmeda Gonzalo
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, a higher identification of teachers as professionals is demanded. An important element in this conquest of professionalism is the attetion to professional ethics. So, it is clear the interest that a variety of activities trying to consolidate a status as professions show in professional ethics. Also in the teaching profession we can confirm a similar interest, as prove the amount of literature and the formulation of some codes of professional duties. Starting from the experience we hace now in this field, the author sets up a framework for a professional ethics of teachers according to the different ambits in the activity of the professional. Five general ambits are considered: a) ambit of the profession; b) institution; c) relationship with colleagues; d) relationship with students; and e) community. For each of these ambits, the most important principles and problems concerning professional ethics are analyzed: a) duties aiming to increase public credit in the profession and to elevate the professional levels; b) debate about academic freedom in private schools; c) respect for and collaboration with colleagues, other professionals and parents; d) respect for students, diligence, non-discrimination, truthfulness, unselfishness and confidentiality; and e) civic duties and promotion of social values. The paper finishes with some new ways for research into professional ethics of teachers, both for effectiveness and foundation.
La educación emocional en el curriculum
Authors: Sala Roca Josefina , Abarca Castillo Mireia
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Desde que Salovey y Mayer propusieron la existencia de la inteligencia emocional se ha planteado la necesidad de educar la dimensión emocional de las generaciones más jóvenes. Con este objetivo se han propuesto diferentes modelos de educación emocional y su inclusión en el curriculum. A este respecto la LOGSE debería recoger algunos de sus aspectos puesto que establece que el sistema educativo español persigue el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad del alumno, situando la dimensión afectiva en el mismo nivel que la cognitiva en la labor educativa. Con el fin de determinar hasta qué punto podemos encontrar elementos de la educación emocional en el curriculum el presente trabajo ha analizado la inclusión de la educación emocional en los diseños curriculares base establecidos por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia y por la Generalitat de Cataluña mediante el análisis de contenidos. El análisis indica que la inclusión de la dimensión emocional no se ha realizado de forma coherente con los propósitos iniciales de la ley y que el predominio de la dimensión cognitiva aún se intensifica más en las etapas de Educación Primaria y Secundaria. Asimismo el análisis muestra por una parte que la inclusión de los contenidos emocionales en muchos casos es incoherente con la cronología del desarrollo emocional y por otro que paradójicamente no se incide en aquellos aspectos de la educación emocional más estrechamente relacionados con los contextos escolares de aprendizaje.ABSTRACT: Salovey and Mayer exposed their emotional intelligence theory in 1990. Since then, it has been remarked the need to edúcate the emotional dimensión of new generations. With that objective various emotional education models and the inclusión of emotional education in the curriculum have been proposed. The Spanish education Act states that the Spanish education system pursues the full development of the students personality placing the affective dimensión at the same level of the cognitive dimensión. This study analyses the emotional education inclusión in the curriculum established by the Spanish Education Ministry and by the Generalitat of Catalonia. The methodology used has been contents analysis. The analysis showed that the inclusión of the emotional dimensión was not coherent to the initial purpose of the law and that the prevalence of the cognitive dimensión is even more intensive in the Primary and Secondary stages. It was also observed that the inclusión of emotional contents was not coherent with the chronology of emotional development and surprisingly the aspects of emotional education more closely related to learning environments were nearly absent.
The Bashkirs in Turkmenistan: Experience of Intercultural Communications in the Soviet Period
Authors: Ayupov T.M.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the history of the formation, reasons and stages of the resettlement of the ethnic group of the Bashkirs in Turkmenistan, which in the conditions of modern geopolitical realities can be attributed to the "external diaspora" of the Bashkir people. On the territory of the republic, it began to take shape in the first years of Soviet power, during a fierce struggle for the implementation of new ideological principles. In this struggle, the Bashkirs played an ambiguous role. Analysis of ethno-statistical materials shows that the postwar period was a time of growth in the percentage of the Bashkir population. Population migration from densely populated areas of Bashkiria to industrial centers, to mining sites, to the newly irrigated lands of Turkmenistan under the conditions of the socialist mode of production was predominantly planned. Most of them preferred to live in large cities and urban settlements. In the Turkmen SSR, as throughout the USSR, the main language of interethnic communication and the means of familiarization with socialist culture was the Russian language. Therefore, many of the Bashkirs living there were fluent in Russian, and some also spoke Turkmen. The names of famous personalities from among the Bashkirs are associated with Turkmenistan; among them: scientist and politician A. Validov, composer T. Karimov, general T. Kusimov, Hero of Socialist Labor N. Fazliakhmetov and others.
Feature Health Services in the Akmolinskii District of the Steppe Territory in the 70-ies of 19th Century — Early 20th Century (Based on to the District Statistic Reviews in 1870-1915)
Authors: Vlasova A.I.
Published: November 2020

Based on the annually statistic reviews of the Akmolinskii district of the Steppe Territory the problem of the training and the number of the health service is analyzed. The research revealed that the completed accession the Steppe Territory to the Russian Empire in the 60s 19th century caused the creation of the health service. This process was accompanied by the analyses of epidemical situation at the region and the causes of the emergence of new diseases. Its development was inextricably linked with the adverse environmental conditions at the Akmolimskii district, the territorial and climatic situation at the region and the distrust of the indigenous Kazakh population in the qualified medical care. The developing of the health care was carried out under the control of the Steppe governor general and the Military governor of the the Akmolinskii district. The analysis of the statistical data allows saying that there was unchanged increase of number of doctors and paramedics in the Akmolinskii district since the 70s 19th century, also the number of the medical center and beds increased. Despite this, by the end of 1917 the local population wasn’t quite covered by medical care. The reason for this was the lack of medical personnel, the heavy stress of doctors and paramedics, large territories and areas.
The Evolution of the Image of the Ottoman Empire on the Cartoons of the British Magazine «Punch» of the First World War Period
Authors: Lydin N.N. , Ulyanov P.V.
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the development in the British society of the image of the Ottoman Empire, perceived as a ’’German ally“ during the First World War. English cartoons from the satirical magazine “Punch” were taken as historical sources. The peculiarity of this magazine was that during the period under study it was popular among representatives of the elite, intelligentsia, workers and some of the farmers due to the publication of various drawings and cartoons in it. The main goal of the authors of the article is to consider the development of the image of the Ottoman Empire, presented on graphic materials as an “ally of Germany”, using political caricatures as an example, and to reveal its features in British propaganda. The study allows us to conclude that the image of the Ottoman Empire was presented in satirical form, as it was aimed at discrediting the ”ally of Germany“. British artists sought to convey to the mass audience that the Ottoman Porta was embroiled in armed conflict and was used by Germany as a "puppet". On the example of the most striking English cartoons of the satirical magazine “Punch”, it can be noted that many stories about the “ally of Germany” reflected in their content the military-political dependence of the Ottoman Empire on the German one.
A New Algorithm for Identifying and Quantifying of Latent Classes
Authors: Dronov S.V. , Shelar A.Yu.
Published: November 2020

Processing large amounts of data can be greatly simplified if this data is divided into approximately homogeneous groups. Splitting into such groups is the task of cluster analysis. However, the question of constructing an objective, natural partition into clusters remains open. The paper considers a modern approach to the search for such an objective cluster structure by highlighting the indicator of a common essential part from the set of characteristics that define objects (we call them the forming ones). When this indicator is fixed, the remains of the forming characteristics become independent or close to such. The resulting independent residuals are interpreted as a kind of information noise, and the latent cluster variable, the common fixed part that provides such a transformation, can be a reason for the objective integration of objects into clusters. A new algorithm for the formation of a cluster partition based on the proximity or coincidence of the values of a latent cluster variable with the simultaneous quantification of its values is proposed. The algorithm is based on the targeted search of partitions, the transition from the start one to the partition, more close to the objective. The algorithm proposed in the paper can be easily modified to the case of non-numeric categorized characteristics.
COMPARATION OF THE ECONOMIC CYCLE ON LABOUR MARKET IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF THE CZECHIA
Authors: Kadeřábková Božena , Jašová Emilie
Published: November 2020

This paper is focused on economic cycle on the labor market in the entire national economy of the Czech Republic and in particular in the construction industry of Czechia. Authors use indicators of price level development. Analysis applies methods of the Hodrick–Prescott filter, Kalman filter and Stochastic trend to improve the informative value and credibility of reached conclusions. Phases of economic cycle on the labor market can be verified by comparison with the actual development of unemployment and gross domestic product. Special attention is given to unstable periods on the labor market, and we focus on determining reasons for their existence, their duration and manifestation.The analysis revealed negative gaps in the period of economic transformation but there were periods with positive unemployment gaps in the years 2007 and 2008 too.We used the development in the last period to predict the development in the near future. This ad hoc estimate is compared with model estimate made on an extended time series up to the end of the year 2018.
Dance and Competence
Authors: Pietsch Stefanie
Published: November 2020

Im Artikel wird die Rolle von Bewegung und Tanz im Feld der Kindheitspädagogik skizziert und dargelegt, wie ein systematischer Einbezug des Körpers am Beispiel zeitgenössischer Tanzpraktiken (als »embodied learning« Format) im Hochschulkontext zu realisieren ist. Der Fokus auf eine körperbezogene Kompetenzorientierung geschieht vor dem Hintergrund der Anwesenheit des Körpers in allen pädagogischen Interaktionen sowie der praktischen Notwendigkeit, Lernprozesse durch und über den Körper mittels Bewegung/Tanz in der frühen Kindheit anbahnen, professionell begleiten und reflektieren zu können.
Fluchtort Madrid
Authors: Jaeckel Volker
Published: November 2020

Im vorliegenden Artikel analysieren wir das Bild vom Nazideutschen im spanischen Roman der Gegenwart. Anhand einiger ausgewählter Texte werden wir versuchen darzustellen, welche Typen von Deutschen in Bestsellerromanen der spanischen Literatur des 21. Jahrhunderts erscheinen. Gehört die Figur des Nazi notwendigerweise zu einem erfolgreichen zeitpolitischen Roman, so wie der historische Hintergrund des Spanischen Bürgerkriegs oder des Zweiten Weltkriegs dazugehört? Können diese Werke dazu beitragen, den Kampf der Erinnerungen in Spanien zu überwinden? Gibt es kritische Stimmen bezüglich des Verhaltens von Franco-Spanien, das die Nazis aufnahm und schützte? Wie sind die fiktionalen Figuren in den verschiedenen Werken charakterisiert? Erscheinen sie als Stereotypen und nicht sehr authentisch? Wir werden versuchen, Antworten auf diese Fragen in einer komparatistischen Vorgehensweise zu geben und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Romanen herauszuarbeiten. Die Attraktivität des Themas für den Leser heute und seine Beziehung zu der Erinnerungsliteratur zum Spanischen Bürgerkrieg in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten werden ebenfalls aufgegriffen.
Zwei Ansichten
Authors: Heizmann Jürgen
Published: November 2020

Jürgen Heizmann beginnt seinen Beitrag mit grundsätzlichen Reflexionen zur Schwierigkeit, Schriftsteller*innen und die wenige Schauwerte bietende Tätigkeit des Schreibens filmisch in Szene zu setzen, und diskutiert das Spannungsverhältnis von Fakt und Fiktion. Er widmet sich dann den Filmen »Macke Messer - Brechts Dreigroschenoper« von Joachim A. Lang und »Abschied - Brechts letzter Sommer« von Jan Schütte. Langs Musical, so Heizmann, ist eine Hagiographie, die weniger avantgardistisch ist als sie sich gibt. Schütte hingegen präsentiert Brecht in einer Art Kammerspiel als gescheiterten alten Mann, der nur noch mühsam Verse schreiben und die Widersprüche in seinem Leben nicht länger kaschieren kann.
Augmented Perception
Authors: Marszalek Yannick , Volz Dominik
Published: November 2020

In their contribution, Yannick Marszalek and Dominik Volz address the purposeful design of immersive virtual environments. In their research at HTWG Konstanz, University of Applied Sciences, they investigate the impact of a virtual environment on the effectiveness of the work performed in it, search for design variables, and observe the well-being of the users in the process. With their findings, Marszalek and Volz provide a first proposal to address the research gap regarding the influence of the environment on work in virtual realities on the basis of design research.
Zeitgefühle - Wie die DDR ihre Zukunft besang
Authors: Brauer Juliane
Published: November 2020

»Wir singen schon heute die Lieder von Morgen« erklang es 1964 auf dem Deutschlandtreffen der Jugend in Ostberlin. Mit neuen Liedern legte die DDR ihren Kindern und Jugendlichen die Hoffnung auf eine bessere sozialistische Zukunft in den Mund und wollte sie auf emotionaler Ebene den »Hausherren von Morgen« einschreiben. Die DDR als »modernes Zeitregime« gedacht, erzählt Juliane Brauer die Geschichte einer versprochenen Zukunft und der Folgen ihrer Nichteinlösung. Denn anfängliche Fortschrittsgläubigkeit wurde abgelöst von Misstrauen und Enttäuschung über eine Jugend, die ihre eigenen Träume hatte. Deutlich wird hierbei, wie sich die erwünschten Gefühle von Vertrauen und Heimatliebe um konkrete sozialistisch geprägte Vorstellungen von Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft gruppieren lassen.
Save Gamer
Authors: Brown John N. A.
Published: November 2020

Players master video games by making slight progressive changes to their actions, over time. This is also how humans master new skills in the real world. In both cases, we start with slow and deliberate performance, with conscious and thoughtful reflection. Then the skills become pre-attentive: either predictive reactions based on high-speed pattern recognition, or bursts of incredibly fast, previously-learned coordinated reflexes called muscle memory. After the right kind of reinforcement, these conditioned responses can be triggered unconsciously. When someone's pre-attentive and reflexive skills are repeatedly triggered unconsciously, they enter a state of performance called Flow. There, distractions disappear and mastery of multiple overlapping skills is developed. As in real life, time spent in »gameflow« changes the player's mind and brain. Application-specific gamification has been used to condition and reinforce pre-attentive behaviours that make people a more efficient resource for military, political, and commercial interests. Gamejams could become the testing ground for games that develop unconscious skills that will help players level up in the real world.
Die nächste Organisation
Authors: Wendt Thomas
Published: November 2020

Organisation ist eine spezifische Form der Zeitbindung. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts wurden dazu jene Konzepte entwickelt, die bis in die digitalisierte Gegenwart den Diskurs bestimmen: Messung, Berechnung, Visualisierung und Rechaotisierung. Thomas Wendt erschließt die Geschichte des praxisorientierten Nachdenkens über Organisation am Beispiel exemplarischer Managementtheorien und verschränkt sie mit gegenwärtigen Theoriemodellen. Damit liefert er nicht nur die Grundlage für ein besseres Verständnis der Digitalisierung und ihrer Effekte auf Organisationen und Subjekte, sondern bricht eine Lanze für die Organisationspädagogik als zentrale Disziplin zur Untersuchung digitalisierungsbedingter Veränderungen.
Contested Solidarity
Authors: Fleischmann Larissa
Published: November 2020

In the summer of 2015, an extraordinary number of German residents felt an urge to provide help to refugees. Doing good, however, is not as simple and straightforward as it might appear. Practices of solidarity are intertwined with questions of power. They are situated, relative and contested, unfolding in an ambivalent space between humanitarianism and political activism. This ethnographic account of the German »welcome culture« provides insights into the contested practices, imaginaries, interests and politics of refugee solidarity. Drawing on works from critical migration studies to social anthropology, Larissa Fleischmann develops an empirically grounded understanding of solidarity in migration societies.
Ästhetisches Sorgen
Authors: Zürner Christian
Published: November 2020

Ästhetik reflektiert Kunst, kaum aber deren konkrete Verwendungsformen. Um zu verstehen, was Kunst ist, muss sie jedoch als spezifische Situationen konstituierende besondere Praxis untersucht werden. Kunst ist kein Erkennen oder Erfahren, sondern strategisches Tun: Als (feierliches) ästhetisches Sorgen kultiviert sie in öffentlichen wie privaten Kontexten eine Praxis existenziellen kultischen Sorgens. Christian Zürner hinterfragt ästhetische Topoi wie Autonomie und (Zweck-)Freiheit angesichts solch immanenter Notwendigkeit ebenso wie normative philosophische Zuschreibungen. Kunst bedeutet keinen souveränen Überschuss, sondern lebt vom Drang, menschliche Existenz in einer unheimlichen Welt überhaupt erst einzurichten.
A Brief Review of Electrospinning of Polymer Nanofibers: History and Main Applications
Authors: Amna Riffat , Ali Kabbir , Malik Muhammad Irfan , Shamsah Sami Ibn
Published: November 2020

Electrospinning is an intensely facile methodology for the precise manufacturing of polymer nanofibers by manipulation of electrostatic force, which stunts like a driving force. In this technique, fibers produced with a diameter range between 50 to 500 nm. Two practices are made up by the scientists for electrospinning of versatile polymer. Polymers can be electrospun into ultrafine fibers in solvent solution or melt form. Tremendous progress had been made in this field in the past, and numerous applications were inaugurated. It’s a field of nanotechnology which rapidly growing due to enormous potential in creating novel applications regarding morphologies, materials structure, surface area, porosity, and Reinforcement in nanocomposite development. Fibers can be assembled in the form of nonwoven, aligned, patterned, random three-dimensional structures and sub-micron fibers. Many complications faced during electrospinning, for example, control the morphology and structure of Nanofibers, analyze surface functionality, and assembling strategies for various polymers. We need to find out various parameters for accurate fiber assembly. Here we briefly review the evolution activities in the field of electrospinning, understand its process, polymeric structure, property characterization, technology frailty, research provocations, future expectations, and resourceful applications.
Desafios do clima para os povos indígenas: vulnerabilidade socioecológica na região do Submédio da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio São Francisco/Brasil
Authors: Dávalos Nelson Eduardo , Gaivizzo Larisa , Rodrigues-Filho Saulo , Saito Carlos , Silva Romero , Almeida Ana Claudia , Michels Adriane
Published: November 2020

Estão previstas para as próximas décadas, por conta das mudanças climáticas e a desertificação, reduções significativas na produção de alimentos em diversas regiões do mundo. O grupo que irã sofrer maiores impactos prevê-se que serão as populações mais pobres, especialmente aquelas que moram em comunidades estabelecidas em pequenas parcelas de terra e são dependentes das condições climáticas. Este artigo mostra como o fator fundiário, a estiagem, a renda e o incremento da populacional indígena, colocam os povos indígenas Tuxá e Pankararu numa situação de vulnerabilidade. Mostra-se que o aumento da população indígena e os eventos extremos provocados pelas mudanças climáticas podem comprometer o futuro do cultivo das principais culturas agrícolas desses povos, entre estes do feijão, arroz, mandioca e o milho, diminuindo a possibilidade de garantir sua alimentação, união e reprodução social. A população indígena do Brasil vem mostrando um interessante aumento, no entanto paralelamente a este fato, as áreas de plantio vêm se reduzindo, o que obriga aos tomadores de decisões diminuir as problemáticas fundiárias e facilitar os processos de delimitação e reconhecimento de terras.
Human security in developing regions: Critical perspectives of health security in Nigeria
Authors: Muhibbu-Din Mahmudat Olawunmi
Published: November 2020

Rising epidemic of communicable and non-communicable diseases, exacerbate the Nigeria health indicators. Low budgetary allocation and lack of policy prioritisation further weakened the health sector adding to spate of preventable and avoidable morbidity and mortality rate in the country. This study explores health insecurity as vital core of human security in Nigeria; securitization of health for policy priority; and the range of health challenges that pose threats to human wellbeing. Explorative method and comparative analysis are adopted to investigate the ‘existential threat’ that health insecurity pose to human lives and livelihood. The paper suggests prioritizing health issues and improving access and quality of services; assuring its availability and accessibility to all Nigerians.
Divided Wall Column Modeling and Simulation in an Open-Source Environment
Authors: Henrique João Paulo , Jr. Ruy de Sousa , Secchi Argimiro Resende , Ravagnani Mauro Antonio da Silva Sá , Barbara Abdessamad , Bastos Borba Costa Caliane
Published: November 2020

The divided wall column (DWC) can achieve sharp separations of three or more components in a single shell, substituting conventional sequences of two or more binary

distillation columns, with lower expenses. Despite these advantages, DWC models are not available in commercial chemical process simulators. To simulate DWC, users must employ instances of conventional column model and couple them in different configurations. In this paper, a DWC model was developed in EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization). DWC model was then used for simulating the separation of an equimolar mixture of three hydrocarbons. Results show that, depending on the number of trays, DWC presented energy savings compared to two ordinary distillation columns. Better separation was obtained when the number of divided trays was close to half the number of total trays. However, the liquid and vapor flow rates split into the divided section play a key role in the separation.