bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A phage-based assay for the rapid, quantitative, and single CFU visualization of E. coli (ECOR #13) in drinking water
Authors: Hinkley Troy C. , Singh Sangita , Garing Spencer , Le Ny Anne-Laure M. , Nichols Kevin P. , Peters Joseph E. , Talbert Joey N. , Nugen Sam R.
Published: September 2018

Drinking water standards in the United States mandate a zero tolerance of generic E. coli in 100 mL of water. The presence of E. coli in drinking water indicates that favorable environmental conditions exist that could have resulted in pathogen contamination. Therefore, the rapid and specific enumeration of E. coli in contaminated drinking water is critical to mitigate significant risks to public health. To meet this challenge, we developed a bacteriophage-based membrane filtration assay that employs novel fusion reporter enzymes to fully quantify E. coli in less than half the time required for traditional enrichment assays. A luciferase and an alkaline phosphatase, both specifically engineered for increased enzymatic activity, were selected as reporter probes due to their strong signal, small size, and low background. The genes for the reporter enzymes were fused to genes for carbohydrate binding modules specific to cellulose. These constructs were then inserted into the E. coli-specific phage T7 which were used to infect E. coli trapped on a cellulose filter. During the infection, the reporters were expressed and released from the bacterial cells following the lytic infection cycle. The binding modules facilitated the immobilization of the reporter probes on the cellulose filter in proximity to the lysed cells. Following substrate addition, the location and quantification of E. coli cells could then be determined visually or using bioluminescence imaging for the alkaline phosphatase and luciferase reporters, respectively. As a result, a detection assay capable of quantitatively detecting E. coli in drinking water with similar results to established methods, but less than half the assay time was developed.
Genetically engineered minipigs model the major clinical features of human neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Isakson Sara H. , Rizzardi Anthony E. , Coutts Alexander W. , Carlson Daniel F. , Kirstein Mark N. , Fisher James , Vitte Jeremie , Williams Kyle B. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Dahiya Sonika , Widemann Brigitte C. , Dombi Eva , Rizvi Tilat , Ratner Nancy , Messiaen Ludwine , Stemmer-Rachamimov Anat O. , Fahrenkrug Scott C. , Gutmann David H. , Giovannini Marco , Moertel Christopher L. , Largaespada David A. , Watson Adrienne L.
Published: September 2018

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease caused by mutations inNeurofibromin 1(NF1). NF1 patients present with a variety of clinical manifestations and are predisposed to cancer development. Many NF1 animal models have been developed, yet none display the spectrum of disease seen in patients and the translational impact of these models has been limited. We describe a minipig model that exhibits clinical hallmarks of NF1, including café au lait macules, neurofibromas, and optic pathway glioma. Spontaneous loss of heterozygosity is observed in this model, a phenomenon also described in NF1 patients. Oral administration of a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor suppresses Ras signaling. To our knowledge, this model provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the complex biology and natural history of NF1 and could prove indispensable for development of imaging methods, biomarkers, and evaluation of safety and efficacy of NF1-targeted therapies.
In silicodesign and assembly of cage molecules into porous molecular materials
Authors: Bernabei Marco , Pérez-Soto Raúl , Gómez García Ismael , Haranczyk Maciej
Published: September 2018

Design and assembly of cage molecules into new highly-porous molecular crystals.
Hierarchically structured CoN/Cu3N nanotube array supported on copper foam as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Li Jiali , Kong Xianggui , Jiang Meihong , Lei Xiaodong
Published: September 2018

Exploring nonprecious, efficient and stable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is of great importance, but it is also challenging.
The CoMo-LDH ultrathin nanosheet as a highly active and bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Bao Jian , Wang Zhaolong , Xie Junfeng , Xu Li , Lei Fengcai , Guan Meili , Huang Yunpeng , Zhao Yan , Xia Jiexiang , Li Huaming
Published: September 2018

A CoMo-LDH ultrathin nanosheet was synthesized and acted as a highly active and bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Ion-induced structural and optical performance evolution in LBO-like crystals: experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Yang Yun , Pan Shilie
Published: September 2018

A new alkali metal borate fluoride Li3KB9O15F has been obtained for the first time with a UV cut-off edge below 175 nm.
Two NbO-type MOFs based on linear and zigzag diisophthalate ligands: exploring the effect of ligand-originated MOF isomerization on gas adsorption properties
Authors: Wang Yao , He Minghui , Gao Xiaoxia , Zhang Yingying , Zhong Haoyan , Long Piao , Wang Xia , He Yabing
Published: September 2018

Two NbO-type MOFs were constructed as a platform to reveal the effect of ligand-originated MOF isomerization on selective C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 adsorption properties.
Ni-Catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of primary and secondary alcohols with methyl-N-heteroaromatics
Authors: Rana Jagannath , Babu Reshma , Subaramanian Murugan , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: September 2018

Here we report the first base-metal catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of primary (aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic) and secondary alcohols with methyl-N-heteroaromatics to form various C(sp3)-alkylated N-heteroaromatics.
Synthesis, surface activities, and aggregation behavior of phenyl-containing carboxybetaine surfactants
Authors: Gao Shifeng , Song Zhaozheng , Zhu Di , Lan Fang , Jiang Qingzhe
Published: September 2018

A novel series of carboxybetaine surfactants were synthesized for the first time and their physicochemical properties were systematically investigated.
An optimised approach for continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis utilising a rudimentary flow reactor
Authors: Spare Lawson K. , Laude Victoire , Harman David G. , Aldrich-Wright Janice R. , Gordon Christopher P.
Published: September 2018

From the repurposing of used HPLC components, a chromatography column, a Rheodyne,® and a heater stirrer, a simple, cost-effective system to conveniently conduct continuous flow solid-phase peptide construction was assembled.
Selective CO2 electroreduction over an oxide-derived gallium catalyst
Authors: Yan Chengcheng , Lin Long , Gao Dunfeng , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: September 2018

A nanosized oxide-derived gallium catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced performance towards electroreduction of CO2 to CO.
“Haeckelite”, a new low dimensional cousin of boron nitride for biosensing with ultra-fast recovery time: a first principles investigation
Authors: Roondhe Basant , Jha Prafulla K.
Published: September 2018

The study suggests that a new Haeckelite structure of boron nitride may act as an excellent material with ultrafast recovery time for sensing and DNA sequencing applications in future.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of dual-responsive graft copolymers for drug delivery: long-term stability, high loading and cell selectivity
Authors: Li Jun , Yang Xian-Ling , Liu Yan-Hong , Wu Wan-Xia , Liu Bei-Yu , Wang Na , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: September 2018

Dual-responsive graft copolymers with long-term stability and high loading were synthesized through a chemoenzymatic method and successfully utilized in drug delivery.
Broadening the valid temperature range of optical thermometry through dual-mode design
Authors: Gao Yan , Cheng Yao , Hu Tao , Ji Zeliang , Lin Hang , Xu Ju , Wang Yuansheng
Published: September 2018

This study highlights a highly sensitive dual-mode optical thermometer Pr3+:Gd2ZnTiO6 for thermal readings over a wide range of temperature.
Photo-responsive suspended micro-membranes
Authors: Descrovi Emiliano , Pirani Federica , P. Rajamanickam Vijayakumar , Licheri Susanna , Liberale Carlo
Published: September 2018

A light-responsive 3D micro-membrane capable of mechanical photo-actuation is fabricated by means of high-resolution two-photon lithography on an azopolymer-doped acrylate resin.
Main factors determining potential qualified appearance of pebble and effel dumps of depleted alluvial gold deposits
Authors: Mirzekhanov Gadzhi , Mirzekhanova Zoya
Published: September 2018

The influence of two most important factors determining gold losses during mining of alluvial deposits is considered. They include the granulometric composition of sands and the initial gold content in them. It is shown that the underestimation of these indicators in the assessment of anthropogenic deposits significantly reduces the resource attractiveness of depleted objects. Specific examples give calculations that allow for a more accurate predictive estimate of the resource potential of the dredging tailing (effel) dumps. Based on the consideration of natural and climatic factors in determining the conditions, the placer content is plotted for the gold content in the sands of various economic areas of Khabarovsk Region. It has been established that at the same values of the designed process loss and given the comparability of the main placer parameters, a high average gold content in the initial sands makes it possible to predict within the dump some objects with standard contents.
Concerning the principles of development of mineral resources in the polar zone of Russia by small enterprises
Authors: Gavrilov Vladimir , Khoyutanov Yevgeniy , Batugina Natalia
Published: September 2018

Increasing the efficiency of developing deposits of solid minerals in the polar zone of the northeast of Russia is an objective necessity. Unlike traditional territories, the peculiarities of the region predetermine the use of new approaches and methods in studying the feasibility of developing various deposits, including the widely represented relatively small deposits. Compared to large ones, medium and small mining enterprises operating or created on their basis have fewer opportunities to protect their interests. Their design and actual technical and economic indicators are generally worse than those of more powerful economic entities. The decrease in the scale effect can be achieved in various ways. Reduction of risks in the implementation of investment projects is possible through more thorough study and subsequent additional training, as a rule, complex in structure and heterogeneous in quality deposits involved in operation. A set of basic and private principles of different levels and values has been formed, which should guide small and medium-sized enterprises in the planning, design and development of deposits in the polar zone of Russia. Its use in the preparation and decisionmaking allows at least partially to reduce the impact of complicating and costly production factors.
Internal forces analysis of gas permeable shelter with emphasis on short-delay blasting
Authors: Leshchinskiy Aleksandr , Shevkun Evgeniy , Lovtsov Aleksandr , Kostiunina Olga
Published: September 2018

A mathematical model of transformable gas permeable blasting shelter made from worn out tires of heavy trucks bound together with chains, ropes or cables is proposed. Large displacements and unilateral constraints are specific features of this model. An algorithm was developed to calculate the displacements of tires and internal forces in connecting elements of blasting shelter subjected to dynamic loading. The results of the numerical simulation of simple shelter are presented for assessment of the adequacy of the mathematical model. This algorithm can be used to determine the parameters of shelter such as mass, number of tires, diameter of connecting elements which ensure its safe operation under any sequence of explosions.
Hydraulic borehole mining method possible application at Middle Larba alluvial gold field
Authors: Rochev Vikror
Published: September 2018

Gold on placer deposits is mainly extracted in two ways: open and underground. But the open method of mining has a great negative impact on the environment, and the mine method is characterized by high labor intensity, capital and operating costs. As an alternative to these methods of development of alluvial gold, the hydraulic borehole mining method can be used. The use of a well as a hydro-mining creates favorable opportunities for ensuring nature protection and safe operation. When applying the method, the well does not have hydraulic extractions: stripping, this allows preserving the cultural layer of the soil in its integrity; explosive, loading works and use of motor transport, excluding dustiness and gas pollution of the atmosphere; the hard and harmful work for people's health is eliminated. The method of well drilling requires further serious scientific, technical and developmental studies to increase its reliability and expand the field of application. Alluvial deposits of gold are the most favorable objects for hydraulic borehole mining under their mining and geological conditions. Recently, new gold placers have been identified and are being surveyed at a depth of more than 40 m. With a high content of metal in them, these placers are very promising for mining by the hydraulic borehole mining method. The reserves of gold in these fields reach several tens of tons. Against the backdrop of a reduction in inventories for open and underwater mining, large technical difficulties, significant capital investments and operating costs for underground mining of thawed buried placers, the advantages for gold mining by the hydraulic borehole mining method are increasing. Based on mentioned above, the study of the application of the hydraulic borehole mining method in the conditions of Siberia and the Far East is a timely scientific task.
Principles of the non-Euclidian model application to the problem of dissipative mesocracking structures of highly compressed rock and massifs modelling
Authors: Guzev Mikhail , Makarov Vladimir
Published: September 2018

New experimental results such as “zonal disintegration” around deep openings and “reversible deformations” of highly compressed rock samples cannot be described correctly from contemporary rock mechanics, which is based on the principals of classical Continuum Mechanics theory. A new approach to rock mechanics mathematical models consists of the application of non-Euclidian modelling to the problem of the description of anomalous experimental results. This leads to the formation of the “Geomechanics of Highly Compressed Rock and Rock Massifs” - a new branch of the existing theory of Geomechanics - in which framework a radical rise in geodynamical phenomena forecasting can be achieved. Principles of the geomechanics of highly compressed rock and rock massifs are discussed in this paper. The effectiveness of the application of non-Euclidian modelling to the anomalous experimental effects observed in research is demonstrated on two hierarchical geomedia block levels such as rock samples and rock massif around underground openings.
Nonlocal Criteria for Brittle and Quasi-Brittle Fracture of Geomaterials and Rocks
Authors: Suknev Sergey
Published: September 2018

Nonlocal criteria are used for prediction materials and rock mass failure near stress concentrations (pores, faults, openings, excavations). A common property of nonlocal fracture criteria is the introduction of the intrinsic material length characterizing its microstructure, which allows one to describe the size effect in conditions of stress concentration. At the same time the scope of their application is limited to cases of brittle or quasi-brittle fracture with a small fracture process zone. To expand the scope of the criteria for cases of fracture with a developed fracture process zone, it is proposed to abandon the hypothesis of the size of this zone as a material constant, associated only with the material structure. New fracture criteria are proposed, which are the development of the average stress criterion, and point stress criterion, and which contain a complex parameter that characterizes the size of the fracture process zone and accounts not only for the material structure, but also plastic properties of the material, geometry of the sample, and its loading conditions. Expressions are obtained for the critical pressure in the problem of the formation of tensile cracks under compression in the samples of geomaterials with a circular hole. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data on the fracture of drilled gypsum plates.
Management of geomechanical processes - the basis for selecting the optimal technologies for the development of mineral deposits
Authors: Kozyrev Anatolii , Fedotova Iuliia , Kasparyan Eduard
Published: September 2018

When carrying out mining operations, a rock massif responds to technological impacts in the form of developing strains and fractures. Under certain conditions, this response occurs as dynamic and gas dynamic destructions of rocks with intensive release of energy, which creates threats to security and disrupts a working technology. To substantiate the optimal mining technology, which would be maximum adequate to the specific geological and geomechanical conditions of a deposit development, it is necessary to organize a comprehensive monitoring of geomechanical processes in rock massifs. The paper considers general principles to organize the geomechanical monitoring under conditions of the hierarchically-blocked rock massifs in the gravitational-tectonic field of the natural stress state. The authors give main recommendations for managing geomechanical processes in the rock mass for various mining methods.
Experimental substantiation of acoustic method for determination of “coal bed - country rock” contact relations based on boundary inverse problem solution
Authors: Shkuratnik Vladimir , Nikolenko Petr , Nazarova Larisa , Nazarov Leonid
Published: September 2018

The article describes the acoustic method developed by the authors to determine the contact conditions between coal seam and host rocks on the basis of boundary inverse problem solution. Justification of the applicability of the method is made by means of physical modeling, in which samples from the model material were subjected to step-by-step uniaxial loading with simultaneous ultrasonic sounding using a multichannel scheme. In this case, various friction conditions were set for different samples at the “sample-plate of the press” interface. Based on the results of sounding, the distribution of velocities in the illuminated domain of the sample was reconstructed using tomographic processing. The array of data obtained as a result of acoustic tomography was used as input data to solve the inverse problem. As a result of the solution of the inverse problem, it was shown that the appearance of slip regions at the boundaries of the sample generates tensile stresses, the magnitude of which reaches 0.8 from the axial load. The developed method makes it possible, on the basis of acoustic measurements, to identify areas with a reduced coefficient of friction between the coal seam and the host rocks, the presence of which may be the reason of dangerous dynamic phenomena.
Justification of safe and effective working conditions for pit reserves of “Pioner” gold deposit
Authors: Potapchuk Marina , Kursakin Gennady , Krukov Viktor , Lomov Mikhail
Published: September 2018

Further prospects for the development of “Pioner” gold deposit are associated with the development of deep-seated ore bodies by an underground method. When assessing the bump hazard of proposed technological solutions for stripping and working out the pit reserves of the deposit and substantiating the safe working conditions, some comprehensive studies were carried out, including an analysis of the geological and geomechanical conditions of deposit's development, detailed study of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks and ores, investigation of the fracture tectonics of the deposit and stress and strain state of the rock massif of the deposit. The performed modeling of the geomechanical processes of the rock massif with the use of numerical methods made it possible to identify the safe parameters of the guarding safety pillars under the pit bottom, and also to identify areas and elements of rock structures characterized by a minimum margin of stability according to the criteria of the acting maximum compressive and tangential stresses after complete mining of ore bodies. Recommendations were developed on the rational order of mining of ore bodies and on effective ways to protect and maintain mine workings.
Identification method development of focal zones based on seismic monitoring results
Authors: Gladyr Andrey , Miroshnikov Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Method of seismic active zones control is one of approaches of prediction of dynamic mountain pressure manifestations, which is to identify and analyze formation dynamics of seismo acoustic active zones and predict impact hazard based on revealed patterns of changes in geoacoustic activity of rock massif. The key point of this control method is the zone allocation where a potentially dangerous rock destruction source is formed. In the article, we propose an automated method for damage zone identification, based on the preliminary exclusion of background radiation by nonparametric density estimation method, the seismo acoustic active zone allocation by means of probabilistic cluster analysis and damage zone parametrization by characteristic ellipsoid selection. These tasks are part of complex geomechanical monitoring system development and are solved by upgrading and subsequent integration into the interacted software of the considered seismo acoustic active zone monitoring method. Their solution will allow to fully automate predicting dangerous state process of the controlled rock mass, improving forecast quality and significantly reducing the time spent on obtaining final result.
Express assessment of rockburst hazard in “nikolaevsk” and “international” mines by geoacoustic method
Authors: Tereshkin Andrey , Anikin Pavel , Migunov Dmitriy
Published: September 2018

Measurements of parameters of acoustic emission were carried out on a number of burst hazard mineral deposits of the Far East and Transbaikalia. New data on features of phenomena of hazard forms of rock pressure on various sites of the mine are obtained. The technique of carrying out of measurements by “Prognoz L” local monitoring device is developed. Criteria of burst-hazard properties of the rock massif on a number of the mineral deposits, being developed by underground mining, were substantiated.
Promising deposits of complex iron ore raw materials of Urals and its processing new technologies
Authors: Kornilkov Sergei , Dmitriev Andrei , Pelevin Aleksei
Published: September 2018

There have been provided general geological and metallurgical characteristics of some complex iron ore raw materials of Urals, which contain not only iron but also titanium, vanadium, chrome, and nickel. There has been provided the description of such deposits. It is shown that the degree of extraction of certain products is determined by the choice of extraction, benefication, pyrometallurgical processing procedures.
The technology of gold-containing concentrates recovery from the coal combustion products of the Yerkovetskoye brown coal deposit (the Amur Region, Russia)
Authors: Sorokin Anatoly , Ageev Oleg
Published: September 2018

The results of experimental research of the native gold distribution in the coal combustion products (CCP) obtained out of the brown coals of the Yerkovetskoye deposit combustion material in the experimental technological complex “Amur” (ETС “Amur”) are described in the article. The technology of the formation of slag, fly ash and products of wet cleaning of flue gases in the process of various combustion modes of coal combustion is examined. The possibility of the obtaining of enriched gold-containing concentrate by gravity and magnetic methods from the brown coal combustion products and extraction of native gold out of the concentrate is shown.
Beneficiation and hydrometallurgical processing of gold-containing sludge
Authors: Ivannikov Sergei , Ageev Oleg , Bratskaya Svetlana , Medkov Michael , Shamrai Evgeny , Yudakov Aleksandr
Published: September 2018

The research results of technogenic objects in the Far East of Russia, in particular, the silt of the settling pond "Chalgany" and the waste of the Chalganov kaolin plant are given. The presence of valuable components in the investigated objects is shown, in particular: gold, noble metals, rare earth elements. It is established that gold in the investigated objects is represented mainly by a difficult-to-extract finely dispersed class of fineness (<5 μm). The methods of preliminary concentration and hydrometallurgical processing, which allow extracting gold from the studied technogenic objects, are proposed. The effectiveness of noncyanide methods of ammonia-thiosulphate and thiocarbamide leaching was investigated. It is shown, that the efficiency of gold recovery from the silt of the settling pond “Chalgany” by the thiocarbamide method reaches 93.5%. It is established that the waste from the Chalganovskiy kaolin plant, after recovering the concentrate of precious metals from them, can serve as a raw material for the production of chemically pure silicon and silica, as well as aluminum, its compounds, and refractory fibrous materials.
Substantiation of field of application of combined (traditional and physicaland-chemical) geotechnologies for the development of gravel and secondary gold deposits
Authors: Sekisov Artur , Rasskazova Anna , Lavrov Alexandr , Bogomyakov Roman
Published: September 2018

Problems of accumulation of technogenic tailings dumps and as a result of sluicing of gold sands of gravel deposits are considered in article. Additional recovery of fine and dispersed gold from a mineral mass of such technogenic formations can be carried out with use of physical and chemical geotechnologies. The factors influencing on the choice of a way of development of the gold gravel deposit are listed. The mathematical model of a gravel deposit is developed for the solution of the problem of multifactorial assessment of technological options of processing of gold sands. The scheme of the combined development of the gravel gold deposit is offered. Cuvette gold leaching experiments with the photo-electro activated solutions on various reagent basis were executed for the assessment of a developed scheme. Material for the researches was a gravity concentrate (schlich) fraction obtained by tailings gravity concentration (Kia gravel deposit, Transbaikal Territory). The first stage of gravity concentrate (schlich) processing included contacting with photoelectro activated carbonaceous solution (NaHCO3). The first leaching reagent scheme (cyanide solution concentration of 1.5 g/l prepared on the basis of photo-electro activated the peroxide - carbonaceous solution provided 66.8 % gold extraction. The second reagent scheme (active chloride-carbonaceous solution) provided 88.9 % gold extraction.
Strategic approaches of combined electrothermal processing of coal and carbonate mineral raw materials for obtainment of highly efficient synthetic energy carriers and non-fuel products
Authors: Zhukov Anatoly
Published: September 2018

Coal gasification and the production of gaseous fuels include three principal directions related to the production of fuel gas: 1) composition and heat capacity of the produced gas; 2) gas generator structures; 3) characteristic properties of the obtained alternative product - low CO content and gas toxicity, which allow making full use of this gas for domestic purposes. In industrial processes of coal conversion, the following combined technologies are used most often: - semi-coking + gasification of fixed ash (low-temperature coke); - semi-coking + hydrogenation of liquid product (tar); - gasification + synthesis of high molecular weight hydrocarbons from the produced SYN gas (СО+Н) (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The choice of the layout for obtaining SLF (synthetic liquid fuel) can be based on specific conditions, the cost and quality of coal, energy supply, market conditions. The products obtained in the process of gasification and hydrogenation of coals pollute the atmosphere much less than the coal burned in electrical power plants. When implementing the organizational and technological model of innovative production, the first stage includes the following combined approaches for the processing of mineral raw materials and new products: 1. processing of carbonic mineral raw materials: calcium carbide, carbon dioxide (in a gaseous, liquid or solid state); 2. acetylene, plant growth regulators (PGRs), plant protection products (TAKAR). The second stage includes fuel and non-fuel products: 1. synthetic ethyl alcohol (ethanol), antifreeze, ethylene glycol, dichloroethane, synthetic drying oils, acetone, etc .; 2. carbamide (urea), ammonia, nitrogen in gaseous and liquid states, methanol, gasoline, etc.
Brown coals of Far East – natural resource for multipurpose industrial processing
Authors: Sorokin Anatoliy , Konyushok Andrey
Published: September 2018

The analysis of the potential economic value of brown coals of the Far East of Russia is carried out when to use them as a complex chemical mineral resource. It was conducted assessment of industrial attractiveness to use coal combustion or coal chemical processing wastes as an additional source of gold, rare metals and rare earth elements. The Sergeevskoye brown coal deposit of the Zeya-Bureya Sedimentary Basin in the Amur Region was proposed as a potential standard facility for the construction of a coal-chemical processing plant to produce resin, montan wax, complex hydrocarbons with associated gold, rare metals and rare earth elements recovery.
Prospects and possibilities of using ash and slag wastes of power enterprises of Primorsky Krai as technogenic mineral raw materials
Authors: Ivannikov Sergei , Shamrai Evgeniy , Taskin Andrey , Yudakov Aleksandr
Published: September 2018

The results of an investigation of ash and slag wastes (ASW) of enterprises of the energy sector of Primorsky Krai are presented. The averaged contents of the main elements and mineral complexes in Primorsky Krai are given. It is shown that the mineral composition of the ASW data makes it possible to separate the primary raw materials into fractions with different compositions. A scheme is proposed for dividing the initial ash extractors into separate mineral fractions by the particle size and by their physical properties. The predominant concentration of gold, platinum, rare earth elements (REE) and a number of other valuable components in the heavy non-magnetic fraction isolated from the primary ASW was detected. Almost complete absence of gold, noble metals and REE in underburning of coal, magnetic and micro-dispersed fractions of ASW has been demonstrated. A device was offered for complex processing of ash and slag wastes of enterprises of the power industry of Primorsky Krai, which makes it possible to divide the initial ASW into mineral fractions, being raw materials for various industries.
Current state and main directions of innovative development of placer gold mining in Far East Federal District
Authors: Litvinsev Viktor , Sas Petr
Published: September 2018

Based on the assessment of the resource base of Far East region of Russia, the important role of the mining industry for most regions of Far East Federal District was noted. A decrease in the resource potential of geogenous placers has been established, therefore anthropogenic deposits of placer deposits become an important reserve of placer gold mining. Natural and technological factors that need to be taken into account when selecting and applying those technologies and mining equipment that can reduce their influence are as follows: permafrost rocks, high clayey sand deposits, large content of fine and fine fractions of gold, the presence of high content of heavy fractions of other valuable passing components, etc. A number of developed innovative technologies for development of alluvial deposits, as well as new technological equipment for use on dredges and drags, have been noted. The parameters of the technological processes of the jigging machine on the Alaska-35 washing device (USA) have been analyzed, the matrix of interacting factors (such as the shape of the particles of a mineral, particle size, particle density, height of the bed of the jigging machine, frequency of piston swings, stroke of piston, etc.), the purpose of the study is to obtain graph-analytical dependencies for calculating their rational parameters that ensure effective extraction of metals.
Method of quantitative assessment of the regularities of natural restoration of biota in zones of technogenic disturbance by extractive enterprises
Authors: Galchenko Jury , Ozaryan Julia
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the results of field studies of tendencies in plant communities self-regeneration processes in the zone of their technogenic disturbance and on the surfaces of rock spoil heaps. It has been established that in the former case the key factor determining the nature of development of self-regeneration processes is the correspondence of the width of the transitional community to the length of transfer of seeds of primary plant community edificatory and assectator species. In the latter case, the key self-regeneration succession sere passes the bifurcation point at a very early stage of its development.
Revaluation of ‘old’ ore mining areas of the Amur River region (Russia)
Authors: Kryukov Viktor
Published: September 2018

In recent years, highly liquid precious metals have been mined in the Russian Far East. The state fund has no facilities with confirmed reserves. However, there is a real possibility of reviving the ‘old’ mining areas. Based on the Lower Amur region (Khabarovsk region) the prospects of gold reserves accumulation using ‘small’ fields (in 50-80-s conception) are considered. It deems new to determine the potential of these facilities from the viewpoint of large-scale mineralization and to involve the territory under consideration in the assessment of the gold-bearing manifestations. ‘Reference’ deposits were selected and their specific productivity was assessed, which was extended to similar by properties manifestations. Within the Lower Amur region, geological investigations revealed about 300 small deposits and mineral occurrences. 34 objects localized at the clusters of submeridional and sublatitudinal faults intersection, were identified as promising. Basically, the gold-ore blocks were compared with the ‘standards’: Belogorsky (near-surface), Dyappe (subvolcanic) and Zimovye (hypabyssal). The determining factors were the structural features of mineralization localization, facies conditions, the ores composition and metasomatites, the zonality of ore-metasomatic formations, the erosion of objects and the completeness of hydrothermal processes. The author’s assessment is confirmed by the results of exploration works at 15 ‘small’ deposits and ore occurrences, with the transfer of 11 of them to the category of large and medium-sized.
Forming long-term competitiveness of a mineral sector as part of economy innovative development strategy
Authors: Lomakina Natalia
Published: September 2018

The research was focused on the processes of structural diversification in a Far Eastern mineral sector and aided in obtaining the characteristics of new market position and space specializations in the mineral-raw complex of the region. It illustrates its influence on the dynamics of investments in the region. It highlights the high value of the mineral sector in Far Eastern federal district, its stable competitive positions in the regional and national economy. It shows the conditions of long-term competitiveness of the mineral raw complex of Far East in the national and foreign economies (these conditions were formed as part of foresight-forecast for the development of Pacific Russia up to 2050). The research also gives predictive estimates of possible ways of the structure and dynamics of long-term development of mineral-raw complex of Russian Far East.
Platinum mineralization comparative characteristics of the some Far East deposits
Authors: Lavrik Natalya , Litvinova Natalya , Aleksandrova Tatyana , Stepanova Valentina , Lavrik Alexandra
Published: September 2018

In this article shown platinum mineralization comparative characteristics for three deposits: Kondoer-traditional unique deposit and other two probably alternative source of platinum: the Poperechnoe ironmanganese deposit and the Malmyzh copper-porphyry deposit. Platinoids of the Kondoer deposit are the chain Pt>>Ir>Os>Ru=Rh>Pd. The presences of platinum crystals are characteristic, there are over 50 rare and new platinoids minerals in different combinations. There are gold and silver. Platinoids from the iron-manganese ore of Poperechnoe are as Pt>>Rh≈Ir>Ru≈Os>Pd. A scattered dissemination of arsenide sulfate and sulfides of Rh, Ir, Ru, Os are noted in the platinum. Palladium is present as impurities in gold and platinum. The gold content is different-with admixtures Ag, Pb, Cd, Fe. At this stage the platinoids content in oxidized ores of the Malmyzh gold-copper porphyry deposit is Pt ≈ Pd. The gold is present as electrum. There is native silver cadmium.
Local seismicity alterations in the South Yakutia mining region due to the technogenic impact on its geological environment
Authors: Grib Nikolay , Imaev Valery , Grib Galina , Imaeva Lyudmila , Kolodeznikov Igor
Published: September 2018

Impulse loads, arising due to the high natural seismicity of the South Yakutia region, exercise both direct and indirect effects on the upper part of the Earth's crust during industrial explosions. The direct effects result from nonlinear displacements caused by the blast wave and the subsequent formation of new disturbances. The indirect effects arise due to the activation of structural elements along geological contacts, leading to the emergence of technogenic seismicity foci. The foci of induced seismicity are either confined to the blast points, or located along the tectonic structures crossing quarry fields. The technogenic impact on the geological environment transforms the independent local seismic process, since explosions trigger a chain of local seismic events. The near-surface layers of the Earth's crust become activated in the area of dynamic influence of active faults. Under the influence of explosions, both the number of seismic events and the average level of released energy alter. Impulse loads on the geological environment lead to a spatial redistribution of the foci of low-energy (K <7) earthquakes. The main form of the geodynamic development of seismogenic faults is the movement of their sides in the form of mutual “slippage”. Seismic events are manifested only when the aforementioned form of deformation is impossible or difficult to develop, in other words, when the stress-state areas of the Earth's crust develop. Therefore, the shaking impact of blasts can be considered as a factor contributing to the predominance of aseismic forms of fault motion in the form of smooth slippage of their sides. In conclusion, the impact of industrial blasts can not only activate faults around the mining area, but also have an unloading effect on the foci of seismic hazard forming in the interior, i.e. the redistribution of earthquake energy in terms of reducing earthquake energy class.
Imaging and force transduction in correlative scanning force and confocal fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Basché Thomas
Published: September 2018

Correlative scanning force and confocal fluorescence microscopy has been used to study individual molecules, nanoparticles and nanoparticle oligomers. By applying a compressive force via the AFM cantilever, spectral blue and red shifts in the range of several meV/GPa have been observed for single dye molecules and semiconductor quantum dots. Moreover, individual Au nanoparticle dimers linked by a chlorophyll binding protein have been imaged in both modes and plasmonic fluorescence enhancement of the chlorophyll emission of up to a factor of 15 has been found.
Quantum photonic integrated circuits with waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Goltsman Gregory
Published: September 2018

We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also.
Light controls light: single molecules as optical switches
Authors: Maier Johannes , Pärs Martti , Gräf Katja , Thelakkat Mukundan , Köhler Jürgen
Published: September 2018

In recent years much attention has been given to design multistate molecular components with functionalities that cover the range from simple switches to logic gates [1-3]. In this regard photochromic molecules, i.e., molecules that can be interconverted between two bistable forms by light, have played an important role. Promising candidates that fulfill obvious demands such as high photochemical/ photophysical stability and high fatigue resistance are compounds of the family of diarylethenes [2,3]. However, a serious drawback of this class of molecules is a low fluorescence quantum yield. Therefore we adapted the strategy developed by Irie and coworkers [2,3], to chemically synthesize complex tailor-made triads consisting of a photochromic dithienylcyclopentene (DCP) unit covalently linked to two peryline bisimide (PBI) molecules that are known as strong fluorophores, see fig.1 inset top left. This facilitates the combination of high fatigue resistance and high fluorescence quantum yield. Illumination with light in the UV spectral region induces a ring-closure reaction of the DCP and leads to a state with suppressed fluorescence from the PBIs, whereas light in the VIS spectral region yields a ring opening reaction of the DCP and restores the fluorescence from the PBI units. This allowed us to verify functionalities like optical gating and amplifying, yet where the electrons have been replaced by photons as signal carriers [4-6], see fig.1.
λ/2 Fabry Pérot micro-resonators in single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Meixner Alfred J. , Wackenhut Frank , Konrad Alexander , Metzger Michael , Brecht Marc
Published: September 2018

Embedded in a tuneable λ/2-FabryPérot micro-resonator the radiative relaxation of a dye molecule or quantum dot can reproducibly be modified allowing to determine their quantum yield, control Förster energy-transfer or localize them with nanometer precision.
Emerging upconversion nanoparticles for industry and biomedical application
Authors: Khaydukov Evgeny , Rocheva Vasilina , Savelyev Alexander , Khaydukov Kirill , Asharchuk Ilya , Nechaev Andrey , Khochenkov Dmitry , Sochilina Anastasia , Semchishen Vladimir , Generalova Alla
Published: September 2018

In recent years, the overwhelming majority of the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) prominent applications have originated from their unique luminescent properties. Due to original properties of inorganic UCNPs they attract the interest in numerous fields. We discussed a number of UCNP assisted techniques, such as biomedical imaging, therapy agents, anti-counterfeit labels and 3D printing, showing highly versatile and translatable UCNP photoluminescent nanotechnology for the applications in industry and biomedicine.
Thin layer fluorescence microscopy based on one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Prusakov Kirill , Basmanov Dmitry , Klinov Dmitry
Published: September 2018

A new method of specimen illumination for wide-field fluorescence microscopy has been presented. This method allows to excite the fluorescence in a thin near-surface layer of the studied object. As a result, the captured images have greater contrast and signal-to-background ratio in comparison with the epifluorescence ones. The long-range surface waves in one-dimensional photonic crystal have been used to localize the electromagnetic field exciting the fluorescence. An experimental setup has been created to excite the surface waves and obtain images of the objects from the near-surface layer. For an illustration of the possibilities of our method, we conducted several experiments with specimens that are typical for fluorescence microscopy, such as bacteria and eukaryotic cells.
The study of a new family of phase masks for three-dimensional fluorescence nanoscopy
Authors: Gorshelev Aleksei , Eremchev Ivan , Kulik Sergei , Naumov Andrei , Vorontsov Evgeniy , Volostnikov Vladimir , Kotova Svetlana
Published: September 2018

The question of the axial coordinate determination accuracy is quite sophisticated in far field 3D fluorescence nanoscopy. The accuracy of a point emitter axial coordinate reconstruction depends among other things on the conversion efficiency of the phase mask and the microscope objective instrumental function. It was found that the instrumental functions of different microscope objectives differ significantly from each other, most have a strongly non-uniform spatial distribution of the radiation intensity in a parallel beam created by an objective focused on a point emitter. It was shown that taking into account the actual microscope objective instrumental function when calculating the phase masks allows to increase significantly the axial coordinate reconstruction accuracy.
Superconducting single-photon detector for integrated waveguide spectrometer
Authors: Korneev Alexander , Kovalyuk Vadim , An Pavel , Golikov Alexander , Zubkova Evgeniya , Ferrari Simone , Kahl Oliver , Pernice Wolfram , Goltsman Gregory
Published: September 2018

We present our recent achievements in the development of an on-chip spectrometer consisting of arrayed waveguide grating made of Si3N4 waveguides and NbN superconducting single-photon detector.
Single photon detection in micron scale NbN and α-MoSi superconducting strips
Authors: Korneeva Yuliya , Vodolazov Denis , Florya Irina , Manova Nadegda , Smirnov Eugenii , Korneev Alexander , Mikhailov Michail , Goltsman Gregory , Klapwijk Teunis M.
Published: September 2018

We experimentally demonstrate the single photon detection in straight micrometer-wide NbN and α-MoSi bridges. Width of the bridges is 2 µm, while the wavelength of the photon changes from 408 to 1550 nm and critical current exceeds 50% of the depairing current. Obtained results offer the alternative route for design of detectors without resonator and meander structure and indirectly confirm vortex assisted mechanism of single photon detection.
Near-infrared photopolymerization assisted by upconversion nanophosphors for biomedical applications
Authors: Savelyev Alexander G. , Semchishen Vladimir A. , Nechaev Andrey V. , Khaydukov Kirill V. , Demina Polina A. , Generalova Alla N. , Khaydukov Evgeny V.
Published: September 2018

We present the concept and the experimental demonstration of near-infrared photopolymerization assisted by specially designed upconversion nanophosphors. The principle of this technique is based on conversion of 980 nm laser irradiation to ultraviolet photons subsequently absorbed by photoinitiator. The nonlinearity of upconversion allows for activation of the process locally in the laser beam waist. This approach enables precise fabrication of 3D constructs directly in the volume of photocurable composition. Furthermore, the presented technique is suitable for polymerization of a wide range of photocurable resins as well as gelation of hydrogels for biomedical applications.