bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral arsenic trioxide–based maintenance regimens for first complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Au Wing-Yan , Kumana Cyrus R. , Lee Harold K. K. , Lin Shek-Ying , Liu Herman , Yeung Dominic Y. M. , Lau June S. M. , Kwong Yok-Lam
Published: October 2011

Seventy-six patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in first complete remission after induction and consolidation by daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside received oral arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-based maintenance. Three regimens were used: oral As2O3 (10 mg/day, regimen A, n = 20), oral As2O3 plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 45 mg/m2 per day, regimen AA, n = 19), and oral As2O3 plus ATRA plus ascorbic acid (1000 mg/day, regimen AAA, n = 37), each given for 2 weeks every 2 months for 2 years. Patients receiving A, AA, and AAA maintenance did not differ significantly in clinicopathologic features and risk factors. Headache, dyspepsia, reversible liver function derangement, and herpes zoster reactivation were adverse effects observed during maintenance. QTc prolongation and arrhythmias were not encountered. At a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 1-115 months), there were 8 relapses. The 3-year leukemia-free-survival, event-free-survival, and overall-survival were 87.7%, 83.7%, and 90.6%, respectively. Adverse prognostic factors included male gender for leukemia-free-survival, and unrelated cancers for overall survival. Age, presentation WBC count and platelet count, and the type of oral As2O3 maintenance regimens had no impact on survivals. Prolonged oral As2O3 maintenance was feasible and safe and resulted in favorable outcomes when used with a simple induction and consolidation regimen compared with other protocols composed of multiple chemotherapeutic agents.
From stem cell to red cell: regulation of erythropoiesis at multiple levels by multiple proteins, RNAs, and chromatin modifications
Authors: Hattangadi Shilpa M. , Wong Piu , Zhang Lingbo , Flygare Johan , Lodish Harvey F.
Published: October 2011

This article reviews the regulation of production of RBCs at several levels. We focus on the regulated expansion of burst-forming unit-erythroid erythroid progenitors by glucocorticoids and other factors that occur during chronic anemia, inflammation, and other conditions of stress. We also highlight the rapid production of RBCs by the coordinated regulation of terminal proliferation and differentiation of committed erythroid colony-forming unit-erythroid progenitors by external signals, such as erythropoietin and adhesion to a fibronectin matrix. We discuss the complex intracellular networks of coordinated gene regulation by transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, and miRNAs that regulate the different stages of erythropoiesis.
Science and Environmental Law: Collaboration across the Double Helix
Authors: McEldowney John , McEldowney Sharron
Published: October 2011

Science engages both substantially and methodologically with environmental law more than with any other law subject. Collaboration between environmental lawyers and scientists is essential in the development of sustainable solutions to environmental problems. Law and science are distinct disciplines with their own autonomy and methodology. Science claims objective facts as reality, while law seeks to reconcile different understandings or disputes about facts. Legal truth and scientific truth may seem to be at odds with each other. In the policy field scientific expertise can be in conflict with political or media perspectives; nevertheless effective legislation has to be based on sound science. Judicial opinion is often reliant on science but may struggle to accommodate it within legal doctrines. In this paper we put the intersection of law and science under scrutiny in an effort to address what is seen as one of the ‘structural sources' of environmental law scholarship used in defining environmental problems. Our approach is interdisciplinary as the integration of science with law provides a normative influence over environmental law and has greatest potential to shape the future of environmental law scholarship. Interdisciplinarity requires recognition of differing methodologies but also the facility to collaborate across the disciplinary divide. This is illustrated by examples such as the influence of risk assessment and the precautionary principle; EU legislation such as REACH, the Water Framework Directive (WFD); and the demands of regulating new developments such as GMOs. We argue for a greater mutual dialogue and understanding between law and science that supports a reflexive learning approach that crosses disciplines and is based on the principles of evaluation and justification. Both inductive and deductive forms of reasoning contribute to the dialogue and science is regarded not as an autonomous and external input into law and environmental policy making, but as intrinsic to the regulatory process. In contemporary society science is embedded in the legal and administrative culture in which it is a partner more than in the past. Science helps establish the facts and data as well as the techniques of evaluation, which are essential for sustainable environmental regulation. We argue that the existing epistemological/methodological framework must shift to accommodate a different perspective that is sufficiently reflexive to promote effective learning specifically linked to solutions that correspond to identifiable environmental problems. Reflexive learning processes should engage with the changing and diverse approaches to regulatory styles of governance and the diffuse and complex nature of environmental problems.
Blind Expertise and the Problem of Scientific Evidence
Authors: Danaher John
Published: October 2011

Scientific evidence presents a problem for the courts: the subject-matter is often complex; the experts who present the evidence can be cherry picked and biased; and judges and juries are frequently unsure about how to weigh the evidence once it has been presented. This article diagnoses the problems associated with scientific evidence and then proceeds to consider two possible solutions to those problems: (1) the reliability test solution; and (2) the blind expertise solution. The former is currently favoured by law reform agencies in Ireland and England, but the primary focus of this article is on the latter. It is concluded that the blind expertise solution has considerable attractions and should be seriously considered as a reform option.
A Question of Control? The Formulation of Suspect and Witness Interview Question Strategies by Advanced Interviewers
Authors: Griffiths Andy , Milne Becky , Cherryman Julie
Published: October 2011

All investigative interviews are dialogues set within a legal context specific to an individual country or jurisdiction. Nevertheless, the need to ask questions appropriately is common to every interview, if reliable information is to be obtained. Despite this fact, published research has frequently reported a lack of skill in both the types of questions used by interviewers and the manner in which they are asked. However, during a recent quantitative evaluation of an advanced interview training programme in the UK, it was observed that graduates of this programme, in contrast to previous research, appeared to employ highly structured questioning strategies, methodically covering relevant subject matter across the complete time-span of an interview. The current study is a follow-up study using an alternative qualitative methodology for a deeper exploration of the rationale behind the formation of these questioning strategies. Using ‘think-aloud’ techniques, two independent groups of police officers ( n = 9) with advanced training in interviewing of either suspects or witnesses were individually interviewed about how they had structured their questioning during two phases of a simulated interview conducted on a training course. The results confirm, first, the high level of conscious decision-making employed by the advanced interviewers in formulating their question strategies, but secondly, identify excessive levels of control evident in some interviews with compliant witnesses. Finally, the results confirm the complex nature of real-life investigative interviewing, even for highly trained interviewers. The results are discussed.
Managers in Suits and Managers in Uniforms: Sources and Outcomes of Occupational Stress
Authors: Pagon Milan , Spector Paul E. , Cooper Cary L. , Lobnikar Branko
Published: October 2011

Sources and outcomes of occupational stress among police managers are examined on a sample of 267 senior police officers in one of the Central European countries, using the Occupational Stress Indicator 2 (OSI 2), the Work Locus of Control Scale, the Hofstede's Scale of Work-Related Values, as well as several demographic variables. The results are then contrasted with those of 232 managers in private industry in the same country. Managers in the private sector work longer hours, report higher impatience (one component of a Type A behaviour pattern), are more internal in locus of control, rely less on social support as a means of coping with stress, and perceive more masculinity, less uncertainty avoidance, and less long-term orientation in their culture than do their police counterparts. Police managers, on the other hand, perceive more pressures related to their workload, relationships, work hassles, recognition and organisational climate. As a consequence, they are less satisfied with the job itself and with their organisation, and more frequently consider an option of quitting their job. At the same time, police managers report better physical wellbeing and higher mental contentment than their colleagues in private industry. The results are discussed in terms of their practical value for police administrators.
HIV, Trust and the Criminal Law
Authors: Slater James
Published: October 2011

This article explores the legitimacy of criminalising nondisclosure of HIV-positive status to sexual partners. Its principal aim is to propose a new offence that criminalises such non-disclosure when it constitutes a breach of trust. In defending the proposed offence, the article argues that the criminal law has a legitimate function in penalising breach of trust when the breach causes both personal and social harm. The article also explores whether the existing offences of s. 20 of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 and rape (s. 1 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003) are suited to criminalising non-disclosure, and concludes that they are not. The article additionally considers the arguments against the criminalisation of non-disclosure advanced by various commentators and argues that its proposed offence avoids the concerns expressed. The article concludes that the proposed offence is both a morally justified and practically realistic way of criminalising non-disclosure of HIV-positive status.
Corporate Criminal Liability: An Assessment of the Models of Fault
Authors: Cavanagh Neil
Published: October 2011

Current theories of corporate criminal liability in the UK are derived from the nominalist perspective. From this perspective, a company is nothing more than a collection of individuals. This article reviews three prominent models of fault that are based upon this perspective. It will be shown that these models have severe limitations. Primarily, these models fail to reflect the reality of modern corporate decision-making. This article, after briefly justifying the imposition of liability directly upon corporations, proceeds to examine models that are based upon the notion of organisational fault. It will be argued that the corporate culture doctrine, as implemented in Australia, is the most suitable model for imposing liability upon a corporation.
‘Reading Tea Leaves’: An Assessment of the Reliability of Police Recorded Crime Statistics
Authors: Patrick Rodger
Published: October 2011

Performance Management (PM) was introduced to the UK incrementally from the late 1980s onwards, with both Conservative and New Labour governments using the system to control the professionals charged with the delivery of public services. Performance frameworks were developed enabling comparisons to be made between similar public organisations delivering similar services. The Police Service was no exception and by the late 1990s a range of performance indicators had been introduced allowing comparisons between similar forces and command units. In addition to such a control mechanism, police forces were required to adopt the National Intelligence Model (NIM), an analytical and intelligence-led approach to controlling crime based on the principles of strategic management in tune with New Labour's philosophy on knowledge-based practice. Both these technologies rely on accurate crime data for comparative purposes. The adoption of the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS) in April 2002, with its emphasis on a ‘victim-focused’ approach to crime recording, was heralded as a means of ensuring a ‘level playing field’ across all police forces. This article highlights a fundamental flaw in the NCRS and demonstrates how police forces have been able to exploit this and, in so doing, create the illusion that they are effectively reducing crime.
The Emperor is Still Naked: How Intelligence-Led Policing Has Repackaged Common Sense as Transcendental Truth
Authors: Alach Zhivan
Published: October 2011

In the past decade or so, the concept of Intelligence-Led Policing, often shortened to ILP, has been a dominant element in academic discourses about policing. Police forces around the world, partly motivated by concerns about terrorism since 9/11, have taken on many of the tenets of ILP, buying equipment, hiring staff, and designing organisations to take best advantage of what are seen as potentially revolutionary gains in effectiveness and efficiency.

This article examines both the novelty and the utility of ILP, noting that there are serious questions about both aspects. It then considers why ILP has succeeded in gaining so many adherents, using theoretical insights from the literature on management fashions. Finally, the article offers several enhancements to ILP.
About the metric approximation of Higman's group
Authors: Thom Andreas
Published: October 2011

We prove that Higman's group does not embed into a metric ultraproduct of finite groups with a commutator-contractive invariant length function.
Exposure to Respirable Flour Dust and Gliadin in Wheat Flour Mills
Authors: Khodadadi Iraj , Abdi Mohammad , Aliabadi Mohsen , Mirmoeini Effat Sadat
Published: October 2011

Exposure to Respirable Flour Dust and Gliadin in Wheat Flour Mills: Iraj Khodadadi, et al. Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran—

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of respirable lour dusts and gliadin as well as gliadin specific serum antibodies in exposed workers of Hamadan wheat lour mill factories.

Methods

Blood samples from 95 exposed workers and 80 air samples from lour packing, husk packing, lour production and wheat unloading areas were collected. Respirable lour dust density was measured by a gravimetric method, and dust gliadin concentration as well as serum antibodies were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

The Time‐weighted average (TWA) lour dust density was higher in all factories (1.56–4.68 mg/m3) compared with the thresholdlimit value (0.5 mg/m3) of ACGIH and showed a positive correlation with the gliadin concentration (p<0.05). Additionally, the respirable dust and gliadin concentrations were significantly higher at lour packing workstations compare with the other work areas. Moreover, the mean serum gliadin‐specific IgA and IgG and total IgE antibodies were remarkably higher in exposed millworkers compared with the controls (p <0.05).

Conclusion

We clearly demonstrated that workers in Hamadan lour mills are in exposed to a hazardous level of respirable lour dust, receiving the highest level of dust and gliadin in lour packing areas. Furthermore, dust‐exposed workers showed upper levels of serum antibodies indicating exposure to higher amounts of allergens than controls.
Association between Visual Message and Health Knowledge in a 4‐month Follow‐up Study at Worksites
Authors: Sugiyama Shinichi , Okuda Masayuki , Kinoshita Takeshi , Inada Kyoko , Tateishi Hajime , Uehara Mayumi , Hobara Tatsuya
Published: October 2011

Association between Visual Message and Health Knowledge in a 4‐month Follow‐up Study at Worksites: Shinichi Sugiyama, et al. Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University—

Objectives

This study evaluated a simple workplace intervention that used visual messages to create awareness of two highly specific recommendations for good health.

Methods

Four worksites were recruited in Iwakuni, Japan. The 4‐month intervention used three promotional media—A2‐size posters, A4‐size lyers and displays on the company intranet. The visual messages were designed with silhouettes, pictograms and slogans. Knowledge acquisition concerning the two recommendations (daily vegetable intake of 350g and 23 exercises weekly) was evaluated using questionnaires. In addition, recall of media and attitudes toward health behavior were assessed.

Results

Of the 2,322 workers, 827 responded to both the pre‐ and postintervention surveys. Correct responses at the four worksites increased from initial levels of 36–48% to 38–73% for the vegetable intake questions and from 7–14% to 7–59% for the physical activity questions. Media recall results were 35–73% for posters, 20–43% for flyers and 19% for intranet. The workers who recalled the posters and flyers had more correct answers on knowledge questions than those who did not recall the posters or lyers (p<0.01). In multivariate analyses, seeing the visual messages was associated with a positive change in response to physical activity questions (odds ratio=1.49–2.03), and the number of media recalled was also significant (odds ratio=1.16–1.17).

Conclusions

Interventions with a combination of media and simple visual messages should be considered for health promotion among general populations at worksites.
The Process of Learning in a Simulation Strategy Game: Disciplinary Knowledge Construction
Authors: Foster Aroutis N.
Published: October 2011

Researchers question how and what students learn from commercial digital games. Using a concurrent mixed-methods approach, this study examined 30 students' construction of knowledge and skills while playing a commercial off-the-shelf game for 7 weeks. Quantitative data included students' background survey and pre- and post-assessments for knowledge and motivation. Qualitative data included students log sheets to document their progress of play through the game, videotaped interviews after each playing session as well as videotaped game sessions. Analysis indicates that two main play strategies were used during the process of learning— explorers or goal seekers. Both player types were able to statistically significantly gain disciplinary knowledge and skills, but only explorers significantly valued the learning.
Preservice Teachers' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Motivation about Technology Integration
Authors: Cullen Theresa A. , Greene Barbara A.
Published: October 2011

The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a framework, along with Self-Determination Theory, to examine preservice teachers' motivation to include technology in their future teaching. We modified instruments to measure theoretical constructs to be applied to plans for the use of technology. Measured were: perceived behavioral control, attitudes toward technology use, perceived social norms, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and amotivation. One hundred and fourteen preservice teachers completed the instrumentation and 67 completed a pre/post activity and reflective task concerning their attitudes and beliefs on technology, technology integration, and its role in the classroom. The best single predictor of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation was positive attitudes toward technology use. For amotivation, the best predictors were negative attitudes toward technology use and negative social norms. The pre-post activity demonstrated that participants struggled to design meaningful technology integration activities.
Graphical Literacy Moderates the Interaction of Decorative Dimensionality and Cognitive Demand in Computer-Based Graph Comprehension
Authors: Duesbery Luke , Werblow Jacob , Yovanoff Paul
Published: October 2011

Scholars have argued that imprecise data graphics, specifically those displaying decorative dimensionality of data, may lead to inaccurate interpretations. Empirical tests of decorative dimensionality have produced mixed results. The literature also suggests that the effects of decorative dimensionality may depend on the cognitive demand of a given task. This study employs an experimental design in which participants receive three levels of decorative dimensionality amidst systematically varying levels of cognitive demand. Graph type and subject matter knowledge are controlled for by design. The hypothesis that the impact of decorative dimensionality on comprehension not only depends on the cognitive demand of the task at hand, but also on the user's graphical literacy, is tested. Results indicate that graphical literacy moderates the interaction between cognitive demand and decorative dimensionality. A familiarity effect may also be present during the display of common two-dimensional bars.
Governmental Power: Quality or Identity? Comment on Alon Harel's Argument against Outsourcing Violence
Authors: Segev Re'em
Published: October 2011

What is the appropriate division of power between public officials and private individuals? The straightforward answer to this question, it seems, is that an official should have a power if she employs it (morally) better compared to a private individual. However, Alon Harel argues that this answer is misguided, or at least partially, since there are some decisionsmainly concerning the employment of violencethat should be made and implemented only by public officials regardless of the (relative) moral quality of the decision or action. In this comment I consider and criticize this argument.
An Empirical Study of China's Participation in the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism: 2001-2010
Authors: Zhuang Wei
Published: October 2011

On 11 December 2001, China officially became a Member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) after years of negotiations. The paper shows how a major developing country has used the WTO dispute settlement system by examining China’s participation in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism from its entry through 31 December 2010. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the WTO dispute cases in which China has participated as a complainant, a respondent, or a third party.
Optimization of multiple gateway deployment for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Nie Jugen , Li Deshi , Han Yanyan
Published: October 2011

This research aims to develop novel technologies to efficiently integrate
wireless communication networks and Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks
(UASNs). Surface gateway deployment is one of the key techniques for
connecting two networks with different channels. In this work, we propose an
optimization method based on the genetic algorithm for surface gateway
deployment, design a novel transmission mechanism-simultaneous transmission,
and realize two efficient routing algorithms that achieve minimal delay and
payload balance among sensor nodes. We further develop an analytic model to
study the delay, energy consumption and packet loss ratio of the network. Our
simulation results verify the effectiveness of the model, and demonstrate
that the technique of multiple gateway deployment and the mechanism of
simultaneous transmission can effectively reduce network delay, energy
consumption and packet loss rate.
A packet buffer evaluation method exploiting queueing theory for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Qiu Tie , Feng Lin , Xia Feng , Wu Guowei , Zhou Yu
Published: October 2011

In large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), when the consumption of
hardware is limited, how to maximize the performance has become the research
focus for improving transmission quality of service (QoS) of WSNs in recent
years. This paper presents a new evaluation method for packet buffer capacity
of nodes using queueing network model, whose packet buffer capacity is
analyzed for each type node, when it is in the best working condition. In
order to evaluate congestion situation in the queueing network, and to get
real effective arrival rates and transmission rates in the model, holding
nodes were added in the queueing network model, and equivalent queueing
network model is expanded. We establish an M/M/1/N type queueing network
model with holding nodes for WSNs and design approximate iterative
algorithms. Experimental results show that the model is consistent with the
real data.
Quantitative analysis for symbolic heap bounds of CPS software
Authors: Li Renjian , Wang Ji , Chen Liqian , Liu Wanwei , Wei Dengping
Published: October 2011

One important quantitative property of CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems) software
is its heap bound for which a precise analysis result needs to combine shape
analysis and numeric reasoning. In this paper, we present a framework for
statically finding symbolic heap bounds of CPS software. The basic idea is to
separate numeric reasoning from shape analysis by first constructing an ASTG
(Abstract State Transition Graph) and then extracting a pure numeric
representation which can be analyzed for the heap bounds. A quantitative
shape analysis method based on symbolic execution is defined in the framework
to generate the ASTG. The numeric representation is extracted based on
program slicing technique and inputted into an abstract interpretation tool
for computing the heap bounds. We take list manipulating programs as an
example to explain how to instantiate the framework for important data
structures and to exhibit its practicability. A novel list abstraction method
is also presented to support the instantiation of the framework.
Viscosity and dispersion effects on natural convection from a vertical cone in a nonnewtonian fluid saturated porous medium
Authors: Kairi Rishi
Published: October 2011

This paper investigates the influence of double dispersion and viscosity on
natural convection heat and mass transfer from vertical cone in a non-Darcy
porous medium saturated with non- Newtonian fluid. The surface of the cone
and the ambient medium are maintained at constant but different levels of
temperature and concentration. The Ostwald-de Waele power law model is used
to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. A similarity solution for
the transformed governing equations is obtained. The numerical computation is
carried out for various values of the non-dimensional physical parameters.
The effect of non-Darcy parameter, viscosity parameter, thermal and solutal
dispersion, buoyancy ratio, Lewis number and power-law index parameter on the
temperature and concentration field as well as on the heat and mass transfer
coefficients is analyzed.
Optimization of the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet molasses
Authors: Misljenovic Nevena , Koprivica Gordana , Pezo Lato , Levic Ljubinko , Curcic Biljana , Filipovic Vladimir , Nicetin Milica
Published: October 2011

A Response Surface Methodology approach (RSM) was used to determine optimum
conditions for the osmotic dehydration of carrot cubes in sugar beet
molasses. Treatment times were set to 1, 3 and 5 h, at temperatures of 45, 55
and 65?C and molasses concentrations were 40, 60 and 80% (w/w). The used
responses variables were: final dry matter content (DM), water loss (WL),
solid gain (Sg), and water activity (aw). A Box and Behnken?s fractional
factorial design (2 level-3 parameter) with 15 runs (1 block) was used for
design of the experiment. DM, WL, Sg were significantly affected by all
process variables (at 90-95% confidence level). The optimum conditions were
determined by superimposing the contour plots, with the following response
limiting values: DM 50-60%, WL 0.7- 0.8, Sg 0.08-0.09, and aw 0.84-0.86. The
optimum conditions generated were: treatment time of 4h, temperature of 60?C,
sugar concentration of 66% (w/w).
Importance of Urban Factor and Selected Socio-Economic Variables in the Differentiation of Coordination Motor Abilities Level (CMA)
Authors: Jaworski Janusz , Madejski Eligiusz
Published: October 2011

Importance of Urban Factor and Selected Socio-Economic Variables in the Differentiation of Coordination Motor Abilities Level (CMA)

Introduction.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the urban factor and socio-economic status on selected coordination motor abilities of non-practicing physical education female students.
Material and methods.
The research covered 83 female students aged 20.6±0.8 SD years. Data on place of residence and socio-economic status of respondents were collected through a survey. The study of coordination motor abilities was carried out by a special computer application using for this purpose a "tablet" with touch screen. Assessment of the size, scope and direction of differentiation between the groups was made on the basis of standardized inter-group differences.
Results.
The inter-group differences were presented in the surveyed female students' coordination motor abilities, depending on the urban factor and socio-economic status. The gradient of these changes was as follows: the city over 25 thousand population > city of 25 thousand population > small town. The scale of differentiation was dependent on the type of tested abilities and the environmental factor.
Conclusion.
Gradient of observed changes could be caused by, e.g. more environmental stimuli stimulating the nervous system in the earlier periods of development of the female students from larger urban clusters and families with higher socio-economic status.
The Estimation of the RAST Test Usefulness in Monitoring the Anaerobic Capacity of Sprinters in Athletics
Authors: Adamczyk Jakub
Published: October 2011

The Estimation of the RAST Test Usefulness in Monitoring the Anaerobic Capacity of Sprinters in Athletics

Introduction.
In athletic high-speed-forced competitions one of basic monitored parameters of the preparation is the level of the anaerobic capacity. The aim of the work was the qualification of the usefulness of the RAST (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test) in the estimation of the anaerobic capacity of athletes of sprint athletic competitions.
Material and methods.
37 athletes (12 Female and 25 Male) specializing in sprint racing (100 m, 100 m hurdles, 110 m hurdles, 200 m) and the prolonged sprint (400 m and 400 m hurdles) partook in the research. The anaerobic capacity was evaluated by means of the RAST test and the Wingate test.
Results.
In the RAST test competitors obtained significantly higher values of the maximum power (p<0.001) and the average power (p<0.001), with relation to the Wingate test. Among women such dependences were not ascertained. The fundamentally lower (p<0.001) fatigue index in the RAST test characterized in turn both groups, which can testify about the better adaptation to the run effort. For both tests one ascertained significant dependence between the average power and the maximum power. Moreover, the significant dependence between the fatigue index (FI) and the average and maximum power in the Wingate test was shown. For the RAST test such dependence appeared among FI, and the maximum power.
Conclusions.
The RAST test gave statistically comparable results only in the case of the average and maximum power among women. The smaller physical load for competitors and decidedly easier organization of the research causes that the RAST test can be used for regular monitoring of the anaerobic capacity level of competitors of athletic run competitions.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Diterpenylnaphthoquinone Derivatives
Authors: Pertino Mariano Walter , Theoduloz Cristina , Palenzuela Jose Antonio , Afonso Maria del Mar , Yesilada Erdem , Monsalve Francisco , González Paulo , Droguett Daniel , Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo
Published: October 2011

New diterpenylquinones, combining a diterpene diacid and a naphthoquinone, were prepared from junicedric acid and lapachol. The new derivatives were assessed as gastroprotective agents by the HCl-EtOH-induced gastric lesions model in mice as well as for basal cytotoxicity on the following human cell lines: Normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), gastric epithelial adenocarcinoma (AGS), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2). Several of the new compounds were significantly active as antiulcer agents and showed selective cytotoxicity against AGS cells.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), and UO2(VI) Complexes with a New Schiff Base Hydrazone: O-Hydroxyacetophenone-7-chloro-4-quinoline Hydrazone
Authors: Al-Shaalan Nora H.
Published: October 2011

The Schiff base hydrazone ligand HL was prepared by the condensation reaction of 7-chloro-4-quinoline with o-hydroxyacetophenone. The ligand behaves either as monobasic bidentate or dibasic tridentate and contain ONN coordination sites. This was accounted for be the presence in the ligand of a phenolic azomethine and imine groups. It reacts with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), UO2 (VI) and Fe(II) to form either mono- or binuclear complexes. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, NMR, Mass, and UV-Visible spectra. The magnetic moments and electrical conductance of the complexes were also determined. The Co(II), Ni(II) and UO2 (VI) complexes are mononuclear and coordinated to NO sites of two ligand molecules. The Cu(II) complex has a square-planar geometry distorted towards tetrahedral, the Ni(II) complex is octahedral while the UO2 (VI) complex has its favoured heptacoordination. The Co(II), Mn(II) complexes and also other Ni(II) and Fe(III) complexes, which were obtained in the presence of Li(OH) as deprotonating agent, are binuclear and coordinated via the NNNO sites of two ligand molecules. All the binuclear complexes have octahedral geometries and their magnetic moments are quite low compared to the calculated value for two metal ions complexes and thus antiferromagnetic interactions between the two adjacent metal ions. The ligand HL and metal complexes were tested against a strain of Gram +ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram −ve bacteria (Escherichia coli), and fungi (Candida albicans). The tested compounds exhibited high antibacterial activities.
Hydroxytyrosol Protects against Oxidative DNA Damage in Human Breast Cells
Authors: Warleta Fernando , Quesada Cristina Sánchez , Campos María , Allouche Yosra , Beltrán Gabriel , Gaforio José J.
Published: October 2011

Over recent years, several studies have related olive oil ingestion to a low incidence of several diseases, including breast cancer. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol are two of the major phenols present in virgin olive oils. Despite the fact that they have been linked to cancer prevention, there is no evidence that clarifies their effect in human breast tumor and non-tumor cells. In the present work, we present hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol’s effects in human breast cell lines. Our results show that hydroxytyrosol acts as a more efficient free radical scavenger than tyrosol, but both fail to affect cell proliferation rates, cell cycle profile or cell apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) or breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7). We found that hydroxytyrosol decreases the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in MCF10A cells but not in MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 cells while very high amounts of tyrosol is needed to decrease the ROS level in MCF10A cells. Interestingly, hydroxytyrosol prevents oxidative DNA damage in the three breast cell lines. Therefore, our data suggest that simple phenol hydroxytyrosol could contribute to a lower incidence of breast cancer in populations that consume virgin olive oil due to its antioxidant activity and its protection against oxidative DNA damage in mammary cells.
Investigation of the Formation Process of Two Piracetam Cocrystals during Grinding
Authors: Rehder Sönke , Klukkert Marten , Löbmann Korbinian A. M. , Strachan Clare J. , Sakmann Albrecht , Gordon Keith , Rades Thomas , Leopold Claudia S.
Published: October 2011

Cocrystal formation rates during dry grinding and liquid-assisted grinding were investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. Two polymorphic forms of piracetam were used to prepare known piracetam cocrystals as model substances, i.e.,piracetam-citric acid and piracetam-tartaric acid cocrystals. Raman spectroscopy in combination with principal component analysis was used to visualize the cocrystal formation pathways. During dry grinding, cocrystal formation appeared to progress via an amorphous intermediate stage, which was more evident for the piracetam-citric acid than for the piracetam-tartaric acid cocrystal. It was shown that liquid-assisted grinding led to faster cocrystal formation than dry grinding, which may be explained by the higher transformation rate due to the presence of liquid. The cocrystal formation rate did not depend on the applied polymorphic form of the piracetam and no polymorphic cocrystals were obtained.
Authenticity Preservation with Histogram-Based Reversible Data Hiding and Quadtree Concepts
Authors: Huang Hsiang-Cheh , Fang Wai-Chi
Published: October 2011

With the widespread use of identification systems, establishing authenticity with sensors has become an important research issue. Among the schemes for making authenticity verification based on information security possible, reversible data hiding has attracted much attention during the past few years. With its characteristics of reversibility, the scheme is required to fulfill the goals from two aspects. On the one hand, at the encoder, the secret information needs to be embedded into the original image by some algorithms, such that the output image will resemble the input one as much as possible. On the other hand, at the decoder, both the secret information and the original image must be correctly extracted and recovered, and they should be identical to their embedding counterparts. Under the requirement of reversibility, for evaluating the performance of the data hiding algorithm, the output image quality, named imperceptibility, and the number of bits for embedding, called capacity, are the two key factors to access the effectiveness of the algorithm. Besides, the size of side information for making decoding possible should also be evaluated. Here we consider using the characteristics of original images for developing our method with better performance. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that has the ability to provide more capacity than conventional algorithms, with similar output image quality after embedding, and comparable side information produced. Simulation results demonstrate the applicability and better performance of our algorithm.
Prior Virus Exposure Alters the Long-Term Landscape of Viral Replication during Feline Lentiviral Infection
Authors: Zheng Xin , Carver Scott , Troyer Ryan M. , Terwee Julie A. , VandeWoude Sue
Published: October 2011

We developed a feline model of lentiviral cross-species transmission using a puma lentivirus (PLV or FIVPco) which infects domestic cats but does not cause disease. Infection with PLV protects cats from CD4+ T-cell decline caused by subsequent infection with virulent feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Previous studies implicate innate immune and/or cellular restriction mechanisms for FIV disease attenuation in PLV-infected cats. In this study, we evaluated viral infection and cytokine mRNA transcription in 12 different tissue reservoirs approximately five months post infection. We quantitated tissue proviral load, viral mRNA load and relative transcription of IL-10, IL-12p40 and IFNγ from tissues of cats exposed to FIV, PLV or both viruses and analyzed these parameters using a multivariate statistical approach. The distribution and intensity of FIV infection and IFNγ transcription differed between single and co-infected cats, characterized by higher FIV proviral loads and IFNγ expression in co-infected cat tissues. Variability in FIV mRNA load and IFNγ was significantly more constrained in co-infected versus singly infected cat tissues. Single-infected:co-infected ratios of FIV mRNA load compared to FIV proviral load indicated that active viral transcription was apparently inhibited during co-infection. These results indicate that previous PLV infection increases activation of tissue innate immunity and constrains the ability of FIV to productively infect tissue reservoirs of infection for months, independent of FIV proviral load, supporting a model in which innate immunity and/or modulation of target cell susceptibility play a key role in PLV-induced protection from FIV disease.
Les représentations picturales de mausolées dans les haouanet du N-O de la Tunisie
Authors: Longerstay Monique
Published: October 2011

Dans la région des Mogods (Tunisie du Nord-Ouest), des mausolées sont peints à l'ocre ferrugineuse sur les parois de haouanet (chambres sépulcrales libyques creusées dans la roche).

À la description détaillée de ces mausolées succédera l'étude de ceux qui sont représentés soit dans des haouanet situés dans d'autres régions, soit dans des tombes puniques à chambres, soit encore sur des stèles.

Ces figurations s'inspirent de monuments funéraires turrif ormes bien réels comme ceux de Henchir Djaouf ou de Dougga, dont on rappellera la destination et le rôle. On se demandera dès lors quel sens attribuer à la représentation, dans les sépultures que sont les haouanet, de cet autre type de sépulture bien différent qu'est le mausolée.

Certains mausolées peints sont surmontés d'un coq dont on s'efforcera de déterminer le symbolisme.

À partir de la datation bien connue des grands mausolées construits, on peut établir un terminus post quern pour l'exécution des représentations peintes. Mais il faut garder à l'esprit que la période de figuration pariétale des mausolées n'est pas nécessairement celle du creusement de la chambre qui les contient. On s'attachera enfin à la présentation et à l'analyse des autres éléments de décoration des haouanet dans lesquels ont été reproduits des mausolées.
Mauri equites. The tactics on light cavalry in Mauretania
Authors: Speidel Michael P.
Published: October 2011

Sur le relief de sa stèle funéraire, Rufinus, cavalier en Maurétanie, tient un petit bouclier rond, alors que les cavaliers romains utilisent de grands boucliers ovales. Deux autres stèles funéraires de cavaliers romains en Maurétanie représentent également un petit bouclier. Ces trois monuments montrent que la cavalerie romaine en Maurétanie adoptait les techniques de combat des tribus maures qu'elle devait affronter.
L'inscription d'Henchir Snobbeur, témoin de la romanisation d'une cité pérégrine d'Afrique proconsulaire au IIe siècle
Authors: Lengrand Denis
Published: October 2011

En 1893 a été publiée une inscription (CIL VIII, 23956) trouvée à Henchir Snobbeur, en Afrique Proconsulaire. Datée de 186, très abîmée, elle reproduit le texte d'une délibération du Conseil d'une ville dont le nom est inconnu.

Un magistrat pérégrin décrit les dommages causés par des moutons, l'action instituée par les fermiers lésés et les étapes franchies pour remettre les choses en ordre, un rescrit impérial et l'édit du Conseil. Depuis qu'il a été publié, ce texte a connu des interprétations variées : problèmes apparentés à l'application de la lex Manciana, pillages commis par des nomades, conséquence des luttes de classes. Après analyse, il semble, en fait, que les magistrats et le conseil d'une cité peregrine avaient choisi, pour résoudre un conflit local, d'aligner leur réglementation sur la loi romaine, la romanisation de fait précédant la romanisation officielle.
Le fonctionnement de l'Église catholique dans un contexte de crise
Authors: Arcq Étienne , Sägesser Caroline
Published: October 2011

résumé La crise que traverse l’Église catholique remonte à plusieurs décennies, mais celle qu’a connue l’Église de Belgique en 2010 est sans précédent. Alors que le nouvel archevêque succédant au cardinal Godfried Danneels prend ses fonctions à la tête de l’archidiocèse, il suscite des réactions plus négatives que positives, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de l’Église. Les craintes que suscitait la personnalité d’André Léonard furent bientôt justifiées par des déclarations du nouvel archevêque. Mais avant même d’avoir eu le temps d’imprimer son style, le prélat dut faire face au plus grand scandale ayant jamais atteint l’Église de Belgique : l’évêque de Bruges, Roger Vangheluwe, était contraint à la démission par la menace de la révélation imminente d’actes de pédophilie dont il s’était rendu autrefois coupable. Il a paru utile de faire le point dans le Courrier hebdomadaire sur une institution qui a profondément marqué l’histoire du pays. Après avoir rappelé les circonstances de la nomination du nouvel archevêque, la première partie relate les épisodes du scandale des abus sexuels au sein du clergé, jusqu’aux conclusions de la commission parlementaire spéciale mise sur pied à cette occasion. La deuxième partie est consacrée aux structures de l’Église de Belgique. L’organisation des diocèses et le rôle des évêques sont analysés, de même que les services diocésains et les organes consultatifs qui les secondent dans leur tâche. La description des structures interdiocésaines de coordination révèle un degré d’institutionnalisation peu connu du grand public et des fidèles eux-mêmes. La vie des paroisses et les modalités de leur regroupement en unités pastorales sont ensuite évoquées. Les deux dernières parties complètent cette description en rappelant le mode de financement public de l’Église catholique et en donnant les chiffres les plus récents sur la pratique religieuse. Un tableau des mouvements internes auxquels participent des fidèles est l’occasion d’esquisser un repérage de tendances très hétérogènes, qui alimente l’idée d’un clivage profond développée dans la conclusion.
Présupposés anthropologiques, réflexivité sociologique et pluralisme théorique dans les sciences sociales
Authors: Corcuff Philippe
Published: October 2011

Résumé L'article propose de clarifier le statut des présupposés anthropologiques, au sens philosophique de conceptions a priori des caractéristiques des humains et de la condition humaine, dans les sciences sociales. Il montre que, sous condition de certains éclaircissements et de la mise en  uvre d'une réflexivité sociologique, ces présupposés peuvent participer à la scientificité des sciences sociales et à l'élargissement de leurs terrains empiriques. Deux sites théoriques sont alors principalement analysés : 1) une mise en parallèle de Marx, Durkheim et Simmel s'étendant aux sociologies contemporaines de l'individualisme, et 2) une approche intensive de la sociologie de Bourdieu. Le papier se conclut sur les apports et les limites de la sociologie pragmatique initiée par Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot pour traiter ces problèmes.