bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МАГНИТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ТОНКИХ ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПЛЕНОК ПЕРМАЛЛОЯ ДЛЯ АНИЗОТРОПНЫХ МАГНИТОРЕЗИСТИВНЫХ СТРУКТУР
Authors: Дюжев Н.А. , Демин Г.Д. , Медведев Б.К. , Андрюшин Р.Н. , Носкова Д.Д.
Published: November 2021

В зависимости от размера кристаллического зерна были измерены магнитные параметры (коэрцитивность, коэффициент AMR и поле магнитной анизотропии) наноразмерных пленок пермаллоя (Ni80Fe20), предназначенных для магниторезистивных элементов AMR-сенсоров. Полученные результаты могут быть применимы для оптимизации МЭМС-технологии анизотропных магниторезистивных структур в целях достижения максимальной выходной чувствительности AMR-сенсора к внешнему магнитному полю.
КОМПЛЕКСИРОВАНИЕ ЛИНЕЕК ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ТЕКУЩИХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАРШРУТОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЭКБ
Authors: Алексеев А.Н. , Петров С.И.
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты разработки и применения комплексных линеек отечественного технологического оборудования для реализации актуальных маршрутов производства ЭКБ. Обсуждаются особенности изготовления СВЧ-транзисторов и МИС на основе GaN и GaAs, фотоприемных матриц и УФ-светодиодов.
КОНФИГУРИРУЕМАЯ МОДУЛЬНАЯ ТЕСТОВАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА TXI ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И КОНТРОЛЯ СТАТИЧЕСКИХ И ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ ПРИБОРОВ
Authors: Шустров А.В.
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты промежуточного этапа разработки конфигурируемой модульной тестовой платформы TXI и тестеров FORMULA TXI SD на ее основе для комплексной автоматизированной проверки статических и динамических параметров полупроводниковых приборов широкой номенклатуры в диапазоне 4 кВ / 300 А. Отмечены основные технические характеристики и функциональные возможности тестеров на базе платформы TXI. Показаны преимущества применения тестеров TXI SD на этапах разработки, производства, испытаний и входного контроля ЭКБ.
ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПРИ ВНЕШНЕМ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ. ЕСТЬ ЛИ СМЫСЛ В МЕТРОЛОГИИ?
Authors: Шейхо А.С.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные методы измерений электрических характеристик ЭКБ под воздействием тепла и холода. Оценены преимущества и недостатки испытаний в климатических камерах и при помощи систем с нагнетанием воздуха. Предложен новый метод воспроизведения температуры на базе новых установок.
ПРОГРАММНО-АППАРАТНАЯ ПЛАТФОРМА "ЭЛЬБРУС" ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Authors: Бочаров Н.А.
Published: November 2021

В докладе показаны существующие и перспективные решения на базе аппаратно-программной платформы «Эльбрус» для решения задач искусственного интеллекта. Представлены существующие и перспективные разработки. Результаты показаны на задачах технического зрения, управления группой роботов и диагностики.
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОНИК - СИСТЕМА СИЛЬНОГО ГИБРИДНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКЕ
Authors: Дорофеев В.П.
Published: November 2021

Представлена концепция сильного гибридного интеллекта для исследования естественных и создания искусственных систем и методологический подход к ее реализации - система автоматизации исследований в нейроморфных системах «искусственный электроник».
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО УХОДА ЗА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫМИ КУЛЬТУРАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МАШИННОГО ЗРЕНИЯ И МЕТОДОВ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Authors: Кирьянов А.А. , Беневоленский С.Б. , Бельченко И.К.
Published: November 2021

Представлены результаты разработки интеллектуальной системы роботизированного агротехнического комплекса, предназначенного для сбора и анализа данных почвенного покрова, заболеваний выращиваемых культур и прогресса их вегетации, внесения удобрений и удаления сорняков. Показаны особенности разрабатываемой системы и приведены ее достоинства.
СТРУКТУРЫ "КРЕМНИЙ НА HIGH-K-ДИЭЛЕКТРИКЕ" НАНОМЕТРОВОЙ ТОЛЩИНЫ
Authors: Попов В.П. , Тихоненко Ф.В. , Гутаковский А.К. , Мяконьких А.В. , Руденко К.В. , Тысченко И.Е.
Published: November 2021

Разработаны физические основы технологии создания структур «кремний на изоляторе» с захороненным high-k-диэлектриком нанометровой толщины методом водородного переноса. Продемонстрированы возможности создания двухзатворных пьезоэлектрических транзисторов на основе созданных структур.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОВОДИМОСТИ ПРИ ФАЗОВЫХ ПЕРЕХОДАХ В ТОНКИХ ПЛЕНКАХ GETE И GST ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НАНОСЕКУНДНОЙ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Елисеев Н.Н. , Ионин В.В. , Киселев А.В. , Бурцев А.А. , Михалевский В.А. , Лотин А.А.
Published: November 2021

Тонкие пленки GeTe и GST подвергались импульсному лазерному воздействию наносекундной длительности, которое приводит к переходу между фазовыми состояниями материалов, что подтверждается рентгеновскими дифрактограммами и контролируется измерением электрической проводимости и отражательной способности образцов.
LBTO TCS SOFTWARE
Authors: Kubánek P.
Published: November 2021

This article presents an overview of the Large Binocular Telescope Observatory's Control Software. It is focused on how the system is capable of driving a complex, multi-axis robot - which happens to be one of the largest astronomical telescopes. Observer and telescope operator user interfaces are discussed. The article concludes with changes already performed and planned for the next few years.
Performance Improvement on Some Closed Loop Plastic Recycling Plants
Authors: S. O. Davids
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This research focuses on pertinent parameters to improve the performance of four plastic recycling plants. The method used in this work is the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) analysis. After assessing data collected and comparing calculated values with global accepted standards, there was need to optimize the OEE value of 74.40% for plant P48mold which was below the universally accepted value of 85% and for plant P72mold which is exactly 85%. Optimization toolbox is used to select values for cycle time ranging between 0.75min and 0.73min to improve the calculated value of 74.40% for plant P48mold and 85% for plant P72mold. Optimizing the OEE values significantly increases production by making the operation cost-effective. The OEE value was obtained by multiplying the three factors of availability rate, performance rate and quality rate and optimized values of 87% for P48 mould and 115% for P72 mould were obtained respectively. The cycle time was used to optimize the performance of both plants, which improved the OEE values. These values proved that change in cycle time can improve OEE. A Pareto principle 80/20 rule was also used to proactively check the effects of the planned and unplanned downtime. Keywords: Throughput, Efficiency, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Cycle time. Cite the Article: Davids S. O., Sodiki J. I., and Isaac O. E. (2021) Performance Improvement on Some Closed Loop Plastic Recycling Plants. Journal of Newviews in Engineering and Technology (JNET),
An Analysis on the E Waste Management System in the World in Particular Reference to India
Authors: Bhattacharya Dr. Sumanta
Published: November 2021

Abstract: Digitalization influenced by rapid technological development causes the increase of the utilization of electronic gadgets globally. This virtual world is growing rapidly due to the reinforcement of online platform under the current scenario of COVID 19 pandemic that restricts the physical interaction of people. The increase of the use of electronic equipment and the inclination of consumers towards the latest and upgraded model of gadgets are the main reasons for expanding the volume of e waste which becomes a major concern for the environmental scientists and policy makers. These large volumes of e wastes are handled unscientifically by the informal sectors in most parts of the world due to the lack of enforcement of the e waste management policy leading to the exposure towards toxic pollutants and poisonous metals that ultimately results in serious physical as well as behavioral disorders. The open combustion of plastic materials and landfilling of e waste also cause the air pollution, soil pollution and contamination of ground water. Keywords: E Waste, Electronic gadgets, toxic pollutants, poisonous metal, informal sectors
Association of Body Mass Index with Serum Vitamin D and PSA Levels among Sudanese Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Mohammed Yousif Abdelhameed , Dafalla Ameer M , Abuidris Dafalla O , Abakar Adam D. , Mergani A , Khalafalla Amira S. , Dafalla Abuagla M. , Hassan Mutaz I. , Abdelwahed Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. Obesity has been consistently associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the serum vitamin D and PSA levels in Sudanese Obese and Non-Obese prostate cancer (PCa) attending the National Cancer Institute.

Patients and Methods: Eighty six prostate cancer patients were included in this study, they were identified by clinical examination, histopathology and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The mean age of them was 71.78 ± 8.04 years. Serum Vitamin D and PSA were measured by Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay reactions using (Cobase411, serial No: 0868-16, manufactured by Hitachi high technologies corporation, Tokyo-Japan) the Elecsys reagents kit (Roche – Germany)

Results: The means of serum vitamin D levels of among  obese was 35.5 ± 15.4 ng/dL and 38.4 ± 16.2 ng/dL  among non-obese group with non-significant differences(P=0.505). No signiﬁcant association was observed between PSA levels and obese and non-obese (P=0.351). Vitamin D levels non-significantly negative correlated with BMI (r = -0.031, P = 0.778) and PSA (r = -0.062, P = 0.569), but there was insignificantly Positive correlated between PSA and vitamin D level (r = 0.151, P = 0.164).

Conclusion: insignificant differences between vitamin D and serum PSA with BMI, Oral supplementation is recommended for individuals with low level of vitamin D.

Keywords: Prostate cancer, Body mass index, Vitamin D, PSA, Sudanese.
Effect of Floor Cleaner Combination of Alcohol Ethoxylate-Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and Combination of Carbol-Pine Oil on Ascaris lumbricoides Eggs
Authors: Simarmata Vidi Posdo
Published: November 2021

Disinfectants are chemical agents used in disinfection in liquid form or solution form and are well-known as microbicidal, fungicidal, and virucidal but still unknown as parasiticidal, especially the effect to A. lumbricoides. In Indonesia, the prevalence of ascariasis is about 30,4% and still high. Ascariasis is caused by A. lumbricoides helminth that human swallows in egg form. Ascaris lumbricoides egg's characteristics are hydrophobic and sticky, making it easy to stick on the floor, household, and skin. This research aims to find the difference between the combination of the effects of Alcohol Ethoxylate-Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate and the combination of Carbol-Pine Oil to A. lumbricoides eggshell and larva development as prevention and to break the life cycle chain of A. lumbricoides. The research results showed no effects from Alcohol Ethoxylate- Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate combination and Carbol-Pine Oil combination to A. lumbricoides eggshell and embryo development.

Keywords: Disinfectants, ascariasis, concentration, eggshell, larva development.
Development and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Drug Delivery System of Ondansetron Hydrochloride
Authors: Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar , Kumar Aditya
Published: November 2021

The Aim of the present study was to develop & evaluate Gastro-retentive floating Tablet of Ondansetron hydrochloride. The Objective was to calibrate and validate the UV- spectroscopy analytical method and to prepare and optimize the GR Floating tablets of Ondansetron hydrochloride in terms of dissolution release profile. The FDDS of the drug can minimize the fluctuation of drug plasma levels and result to associated adverse reactions, dosing frequency, and improved patient compliance. Conventionally, Ondansetron hydrochloride is taken up 2-3 times daily in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Gastro retentive floating tablet of Ondansetron hydrochloride is better suited for treatment of postoperative nausea vomiting. In the present study, nine Gastro retentive Floating tablet formulations (F1, F2.....F9) of Ondansetron hydrochloride were prepared by the  method of direct compression and polymers HPMC K15 were used and Guargum and Chitosan, in different quantity to normalise their effect on the’ release profile of drug . Target release profile was >80% release of drug in 12 hours. Tablets were evaluated for various parameters namely: thickness, weight variation’, friability, hardness, assay, in-vitro buoyancy study & drug release. Formulation F8 containing Chitosan (26.66% w/w), Guargum (26.66% w/w) and Sod. Carbonate (25.83% w/w) had the desirable release profile.

Keywords: Ondansetron hydrochloride; Gastro retentive floating tablet, Chitosan, Guar gum, Drug release
Retrospective Audit on Cloxacillin Prescription in Primary Health Care Facilities in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Samat Farhani , Baharum Nurul Nadia , Muzaid Nor Anizah , Syed Ghazali Sharifah Nurul Aida , Ramanathan Sharmilee , Dolbasir Nuraini , Aziz Noor Rafizah Aminah
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Cloxacillin is the second most prescribed antibiotic for skin and soft tissue infection in Malaysia. A similar pattern was seen in Kuala Selangor, in which our district demonstrated that the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) of Cloxacillin is high (3.0-8.7) compared to the recommended value from World Health Organization (WHO). However, resistant patterns for Cloxacillin are alarming. This study focuses on appropriate use of Cloxacillin to prevent further antimicrobial resistance. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional audit, conducted in seven public health clinics in Kuala Selangor district from January 2020 to March 2020. All Cloxacillin prescriptions within this duration were selected. Audit format was adapted from the antimicrobial stewardship protocol (AMS). Appropriate Cloxacillin use is based on accuracy of diagnosis, indication of antibiotic, correct usage (pharmacological name, dose, frequency and duration). Results: A total of 259 prescriptions were collected. Majority were for age 40 years old, 48.6% (n=126) and male, 63.7% (n=165). Cloxacillin was prescribed most for infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 64.1% (n=166). Diagnosis was accurate in 63.7% (n=165). Those accurate diagnosis, had correct indication 79.4% (131/165); correct usage 51.5% (85/165); correct name 69.7% (115/165); correct frequency 55.2% (91/165); correct dose 55.8% (92/165), and correct duration 47.3% (78/165). Appropriate Cloxacillin use was 41.8% (69/165). Conclusion: Measures to improve appropriate Cloxacillin use and adherence to the National Antibiotic Guideline (NAG) and Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) protocol is crucial.

Keywords: Cloxacillin, Skin and soft tissue infection, Malaysia, antimicrobial resistance
A Review on Gullian Barre Syndrome and its Association with COVID 19
Authors: Sam Subin , Sambath Kumar R , Venkateswaramurthy N.
Published: November 2021

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disease that affects peripheral nerves and can lead to life-threatening consequences. It affects around 10000 people per year worldwide. Since the outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sar-cov-2) the incidence of GBS has been increased with a fatality rate of 4-7%. The exact association between the Sar-cov-2 and GBS is still unknown. GBS commonly presents after viral infections such as influenza virus, campylobacter jejuni, and zika virus. Clinical recognition of SC2-GBS is required in order to administer appropriate treatment on time and enhance the overall output of the infection. In most of the conditions patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and outcome was seen within eight weeks of treatment. less outcome was seen in older age in line with previous findings for both GBS and COVID-19. Studies should be conducted to compare patients associated with GBS to those with concurrent non-COVID-19 GBS to see if the incidence of GBS is higher in those with COVID-19.

Keywords: Guillian-Barre syndrome, COVID-19, SAR-COV2
Subcronic Toxicity Effect of Ethanol Extract of Bitter Melon Fruit (Momordica charantia L.) on Kidney Function and Histopathological Changes in Wistar Rat
Authors: Ratwita Welly
Published: November 2021

Bitter melon is a fruit that was famous for its bitter taste and contains chemical compounds that are proven to have effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant. One of the prerequisites of a plant to be developed into a drug that is by testing the subchronic toxicity. This study goal to determine the presence of toxic effects that are not detected in the acute toxicity test. A total of 40 wistar rats were divided into group control and 3 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 5 male rats and female rats. Group 1 (control) is only given food (pellets) and drinking water. Group 2, 3 and 4 groups were given ethanol extract of bitter melon pulp (Momordica charantia L.) with multilevels doses 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw. The observations made for 28 days included the number of death animals, relative organ weight (ROW), ureum, creatinine levels and histopatological changes in kidney. There were no deaths in the entire group, decreasing ureum (p=0,022), creatinine levels (p=0,033) in male group. While in female group ureum decrease not significantly (0.878) and creatinine (0.845). There were no significant changes in ROW (p=0,370 and p=0,394), but there were changes in microscopic structure. In conclusion ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) at a  of 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw does not showed any toxic effects on kidney function and relative organ weight. But microscopically, the administration of ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit caused a toxic effect on the kidney tubules in both male and female groups.

Keywords: Momordica charantia L., sub chronic toxicity, ureum, creatinine, histopathological change
QANUN HUKUM JINAYAH DALAM BINGKAI TEORI PEMBUATAN HUKUM
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Pembentukan sebuah aturan hukum dalam kajian ini adalah qanun tentunya harus mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada yaitu tentang tata cara pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan teori-teori pembentukan hukum. Pembentukan qanun di Aceh dapat berpedoman pada Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tantang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Cara Pembentukan Qanun serta teori-teori pembentukan hukum yang dikembangkan oleh para ahli hukum. Qanun Hukum Jinayat yang disusun di Aceh tidak langsung mengikuti kitab fiqh tetapi telah dikembangkan dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat agar qanun ini dapat dilaksanakan tanpa adanya perbedan pendapat karena berbeda mazhab dan untuk menghindari terjadinya multi tafsir. Proses pembuatan Qanun Hukum Jinayat sudah dilakukan namun bagaimana proses pembuatan qanun agar qanun tersebut berlaku efektif dalam masyarakat.  Penelitian ini ingin melihat Qanun Hukum Jinayah  dari tata cara penyusunan peraturan,  teori-teori pembentukan hukum dan kaitannya dengan efektivitas hukum, terutama tentang asas-asas qanun, bahasa hukum yang digunakan, dan jenis-jenis kejahatan yang diatur di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat asas-asas qanun hukum jinayah, kejelasan bahasa yang digunakan dan dan jenis-jenis kejahatan apa saja yang diatur dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayah. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan tergolong kedalam jenis penelitian pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi bahasa yang digunakan sudah memenuhi syarat-syarat sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam teori pembentukan hukum dan sudah menenuhi syarat-syarat pembentukan hukum seperti yang diamanahkan dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2004 tantang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dan Qanun Nomor 3 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Cara Pembentukan Qanun. Namun kejahatan yang diatur dalam Qanun Hukum Jinayah 80% kejahatan ekspresif dan 20% kejahatan instrumental yang berakibat pada sukarnya dilakukan pencegahan terhadap kejahatan yang bersifat ekspresif tersebut.
PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN OLEH PANGLIMA LAOT DITINJAU MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar)
Authors: Ula Miratul , Abdullah Muslem
Published: November 2021

Panglima laot merupakan sebuah lembaga adat yang mempunyai kewenangan menyelesaikan kasus tindak pidana ringan menurut Qanun Aceh Nomor 10 Tahun 2008. Ada tiga jenis perkara yang dapat diselesaikan oleh panglima laot yaitu: perkara perselisihan, perkara adat laot dan perkara pelanggaran. Sehingga ada tiga rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, pertama: apa saja jenis-jenis tindak pidana ringan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh besar, kedua: bagaimana penyelesaian tindak pidana ringan oleh panglima laot di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar, dan ketiga: bagaimana tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap penyelesaian tindak pidana ringan oleh Panglima Laot. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis dengan pedekatan kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara melihat peran Pangima Laot dalam menyelesaikan bentuk perselisihan yang terjadi di laut, yang kemudian dijelaskan secara sistematis mengenai data-data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian berdasarkan tinjauan dari rumusan masalah. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada tiga jenis tindak pidana ringan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten aceh Besar yaitu: kasus pemukulan, kasus peupok jaloe dan kasus kapal semen padang menabrak perahu nelayan. Selanjutnya peran yang dilakukan oleh panglima laot dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan di laot dengan cara damai dan musyawarah, dan apabila ada pihak yang tidak setuju  di selesaikan secara adat laot, maka akan dilimpahkan kepada kepolisian. Dalam hukum Islam hukuman yang dijatuhkan terhadap orang yang melakukan tindak pidana ringan pemukulan adalah qishash diyat. Qishash sebagai hukuman pokok dan diyat sebagai hukuman pengganti yaitu seratus ekor unta dan hukuman nya sudah di tentukan oleh syara’.
Tongju Gongcai: A Case in Hong Kong’s Caacaanteng
Authors: Dic Sum Lai Samuel
Published: November 2021

Tongju Gongcai: A Case in Hong Kong’s Caacaanteng
Resource limitation determines realized thermal performance and the potential for metabolic meltdown.
Authors: Vinton Anna , Vasseur David
Published: November 2021

1) As temperatures rise across the globe, many species may approach or
even surpass their physiological tolerance to withstand high
temperatures. Thermal performance curves, which depict how vital rates
vary with temperature, are often measured under ideal laboratory
conditions and then used to determine the physiological or demographic
limits of persistence. However, this approach fails to consider how
interactions with other factors (e.g. resources, water availability) may
buffer or magnify the effect of temperature change. Recent work has
demonstrated that the breadth and shape of a consumer’s thermal
performance curve change with resource densities, highlighting the
potential for temperature interactions and leading to a potential
‘metabolic meltdown’ when resources decline during warming (Huey and
Kingsolver 2019). 2) Here, we further develop the basis for the
interaction between temperature and resource density on thermal
performance, persistence, and population dynamics by analyzing
consumer-resource dynamic models. We find that the coupling of consumer
and resource dynamics relaxes the potential for metabolic meltdown
because a reduction in top-down control of resources occurs as consumers
approach the limits of their thermal niche. However, when both consumers
and resources have vital rates that depend on temperature, asymmetry
between their responses can generate the necessary conditions for
metabolic meltdown. 3) Moreover, we define the concept of a ‘realized’
thermal performance curve that takes into account the dynamic
interaction between consumers, resources and temperature, and we
describe an important role for this concept moving forward. 4)
Synthesis. A better understanding of the link between temperature
change, species interactions, and persistence allows us to improve
forecasts of community response to climate change. Our work elucidates
the importance of thermal asymmetries between interacting species, and
resource limitation as a key ingredient underlying realized thermal
niches.
Mitral degenerative valve leaflets suspected as primary valvular tumor: a case report
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Chen Huaidong , Qian Ximing , He Fan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Echocardiography plays an important role in the
diagnosis of heart disease. However, sometimes misdiagnosis information
is also provided. Methods and Results: We report a rare case of
preoperative echocardiography misdiagnosed as a primary mitral valvular
tumor with severe regurgitation. During the surgery procedure, the true
lesion was found to be mitral valve leaflet prolapse due to degenerative
mitral valve disease. Conclusions: For individual patient, it
may need to combine clinical symptoms and wide use of echocardiography
and CT or MRI to make the optimal clinical decision.
Interpreted Graphs and ETPR(k) Graph Grammar Parsing for Syntactic Pattern Recognition
Authors: Flasiński Mariusz
Published: November 2021

Further results of research into graph grammar parsing for syntactic pattern recognition (Pattern Recognit. 21:623-629, 1988; 23:765-774, 1990; 24:1223-1224, 1991; 26:1-16, 1993; 43:249-2264, 2010; Comput. Vision Graph. Image Process. 47:1-21, 1989; Fundam. Inform. 80:379-413, 2007; Theoret. Comp. Sci. 201:189-231, 1998) are presented in the paper. The notion of interpreted graphs based on Tarski's model theory is introduced. The bottom-up parsing algorithm for ETPR(k) graph grammars is defined.
Use of Agriculture Byproduct and Swamp Grass as Matterial for Ammoniation of Total Mixed Fiber in Ration on Ballinese Cattle Performance
Authors: Imsya A. , Muhakka Muhakka , Yossi F.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT. This study was design to evaluated about  the using of total mixed fiber ammoniation  (TMFA) in ration on Ballinese beef performance. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design  (CRD) consisting of 4 types of treatmentt ration based on TMFA  usage level and 3 replications. The treatmentts were  R1 = 60% native grass (Control), R2 = 20% TMFA + 40% native grass, R3 = 40% TMFA + 20% native grass, R4 = 60% TMFA. The ration is added  with a 40% concentrate to obtain 100% ration. The comparison between forage and concentrate is 60:40. Parameters measured in vivo are performance   (ration intake, dry matter intake, crude protein intake, daily body weight gain and  ration efficiency).  The results showed that treatmentt significantly influenced (P <0.05) on  ration intake, dry matter intake, daily body weight gain and ration efficiency, but the treatmentt unsignificantly influenced (P>0.05) on crude protein intake. It can be concluded that the use of 60% TMF ammoniation in the ration shows the best result, that is  ration intake 6.89 kg/head/day, dry matter intake 6.25 kg / head / day, daily weight gain 0.47 kg / head / day and efficiency of ration 7.42%.Pemanfaatan Hasil Samping Pertanian dan Rumput Rawa  sebagai Bahan Amoniasi Total Mixed Fiber  (TMF) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Sapi BaliABSTRAK. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pemanfaatan amoniasi Total Mixed Fiber (TMFA) dalam ransum terhadap performa sapi Bali. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari R1= 60% rumput Raja (control),   R2 = 20% TMFA + 40% rumput Raja, R3 = 40% TMFA + 20% Rumput Raja, R4 = 60% TMFA.  Ransum ditambah 40% konsentrat untuk memperoleh 100% ransum. Perbandingan hijauan dan konsentrat adalah 60:40. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi ransum, konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi ransum. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, konsumsi bahan kering, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi ransum, namun perlakuan tidak memberi pengaruh yang nyata (P>0.05) terhadap konsumsi protein. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah  pemakaian amoniasi TMF 60% dalam ransum memberikan hasil terbaik dengan konsumsi ransum 6.89kg/ekor/hari, konsumsi bahan kering 6.25/kg/ekor/hari, pertambahan berat badan 0.47kg/ekor/hari dan efisiensi ransum 7.42%.
„Notre génération est consolée!“
Authors: Asholt Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

Selon le Trésor de la langue française, le substantif ‚libertaire‘ apparaît pour la première fois dans l’essai philosophique de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon De la justice dans la Révolution et dans l’Eglise paru en 1858, dans lequel il revendique une société juste où les individus seraient des sujets libres. Mais l’œuvre de référence aurait pu aussi renvoyer à une revue qu’un „précurseur de l’anarchisme“ (Maricourt), Joseph Déjacque, édite à New York et qui s’appelle Le Libertaire (1858-1861), même si cette revue était certainement peu connue et lue dans la France du Second Empire (Asholt 1998: 351-363). Déjacque avait dû s’exiler en 1851 et l’étude citée a fait condamner Proudhon et l’a obligé à s’exiler. Vallès, grand lecteur de Proudhon, avait publié un an plus tôt une première œuvre avec laquelle il se fait remarquer: L’Argent (1857) qui est un hypertexte du Manuel du spéculateur de Bourse de Proudhon paru en 1856, où celui-ci revendique de remplacer „l’anarchie industrielle“ du capitalisme par la „République industrielle“, c’est-à-dire le fédéralisme et le mutuellisme (Asholt 1984: 5-15). Si deux représentants du début de l’anarchisme en France se servent de cette notion de ‚libertaire‘, elle doit faire partie de leur vocabulaire philosophique et idéologique. Mais, malgré ce contexte, cette notion ne devient véritablement une référence pour l’anarchisme que vers la fin du XIXe siècle où des auteurs comme Zola ou Anatole France s’en servent.
Qui pense? Qui parle? L’Imaginaire de la Commune ou Passagen-Werk
Authors: Wild Cornelia
Published: November 2021

Comment parle-t-on de l’histoire de la Commune? Comment est-elle traitée? Les tumultes, la révolte, la Commune ont-ils un sujet? Je voudrais aborder les questions de la représentation (Darstellung/Vertretung), en me référant à deux exemples: le Passagen-Werk de Walter Benjamin et L’Imaginaire de la Commune ou Communal Luxury (The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune) de Kristin Ross. Les questions étant: Qui pense? Qui parle?
Et si on s’en prenait à la BD?
Authors: Curreri Luciano
Published: November 2021

Ce texte est un extrait du quatrième chapitre du livre La Comune di Parigi e l’Europa della Comunità? Briciole di immagini e di idee per un ritorno della Commune de Paris (1871) (Curreri 2019: 95-112). Nous le republions dans une version légèrement éditée et révisée avec l’accord de l’auteur et de l’éditeur.
Peran Orang Tua dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Cabang Purbalingga
Authors: Marjiyah Siti , Ningsih Tutuk
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted to describe the role of parents in helping children do assignments during distance learning at MIM Purbalingga Branch. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Collecting data through interviews, observation, and documentation with descriptive data analysis. The analysis technique that the researchers did was from data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that parents have various roles in helping with children's tasks during distance learning. First, parents play a role in accompanying children. Both parents play a role in guiding the child. And the third parent plays a role in helping children work on assignments during distance learning at MIM Purbalingga Branch.
Al-Quran dan Budaya: Al-Quran dalam Siklus Kehidupan Muslim
Authors: Ridho Ali
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to find out the relationship between the Qur'an and Culture and how to become a good Muslim based on the values â€‹â€‹of the Qur'an and Culture. The research method used is qualitative in the form of library studies. Data is collected by researching books and journals and other sources that support research activities. The results of this study are that Islam is not born of cultural products. However, it builds a culture, a civilization. A civilization based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. that is finally called Islamic civilization. With this, we can begin to put Islam in our daily lives. Building Islamic culture with a foundation of concepts derived from Islam with its source is the Qur'an. The life of a Muslim must be following the rules set by the Qur'an. Muslims must be able and reluctant (upholding) to uphold a culture that is a local identity in themselves with the foundation of the holy values â€‹â€‹contained in the Qur'an. Among them is a sincere, knowledgeable and honest attitude to be a Muslim person in undergoing a time struggle that continues to change along with changing patterns of human civilization. Thus, there is no reason for a Muslim to lose his cultural identity to become a good Muslim. Because Al-Qur'an and Culture are clothes that are suitable to be worn by every Muslim in every fragment of life rites
Analisis Nuzul Al-Quran dengan Gerhana Matahari Cincin Perspektif Astronomi
Authors: Izzuddin Ahmad , Yaqin Alamul
Published: November 2021

Historians differ in their opinion regarding the time of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än i.e the 17th, 19th, 21st and 24th Ramadhan -12 H. The author is interested in verifying the time of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än by tracing the events that can be read easily the time and date i.e annular solar eclipse 27th January 632 AD when the death of Ibraham's son Muhammad. The author uses new moon data of Accurate Times 5.6 month data with crescent visibility criteria of Odeh and new MABIMS and by adding the 13th month (nasÄ«') every 3 years to find out the date of the NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än event. The purposes of this research are to know the date of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än by tracing annular solar eclipse 27th January 632 AD and to know the factors of the different date of NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än among historians. This research uses historical research methods with steps: Heuristics (Source Collection), Source Criticism, Interpretation and Historiography (Presentation of results). The results of this research are NuzÅ«l al-Qurâ€™Än occurred on Monday, 17 Ramadhan -12 H which coincided with 19 January 610 M
The Role and Function of Legal Aid Posts (Posbakum) at Biak’s Religious Court Class IIB
Authors: Anwar Iryana , Lobubun Muslim
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the role and function of the legal aid post (Posbakum) at Biak’s Religious Court Class IIB according to the the national supreme court decree Number 1 of 2014. This study took place at Biak’s Religious Court. The study used an empirical juridical approach. Data were collected through field observations and interviews with research respondents. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that the implementation of the legal aid post at Biak’s Religious Court in providing services for the poor in general had been carried out very well according to the national supreme court decree Number 1 of 2014, but the community still had difficulties because of the unavailability of direct assistance by officers. it is feared that those who receive legal services will fall into the category of those who are financially able to pay for an advocate given that there are no regulations that stipulate the restriction or criteria for people who are financially incapable of paying for advocate services. This research is expected to provide information for the people of Biak in particular, and people outside Biak in general regarding the benefits of legal aid services for the lower-class community.
To Study the Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Patients with COPD and to Correlate Severity of COPD with Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Authors:   Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, ABVIMS & Dr RML Hospital, Delhi, India, Singh Pratap
Published: November 2021

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory airway disease characterized by both pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response and associated extra-pulmonary complications. Female gender, age and smoking are common pathogenic risk factors for both COPD and osteoporosis. Many other factors like low daily physical activity, chronic malnutrition, hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency and chronic steroid therapy are risk factors for osteoporosis. Objectives: The study was done to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients of COPD and to correlate the severity of COPD with osteopenia/ osteoporosis. Material & Method: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi after ethical clearance from institutional review board. Total of 76 patients of both genders were taken. COPD diagnosis and staging was done as per Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by DEXA scan in all patients. All data was entered in preformed data sheets. Statistical analysis for association of COPD with osteoporosis was done by chi-square test. Result: Mostly patients were having either osteopenia or osteoporosis, only 6% patients were having normal BMD. COPD stage III-IV were having significant bone mass loss. Those having long smoking history were more osteoporotic as compared to others. Conclusion: There is a very high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in COPD patients especially those with prolonged smoking history, GOLD stage III-IV. 35.5% of COPD patients had osteopenia and 57.9 % had osteoporosis.
The influence of foliar fertilization of maiden pear trees and soaking the root system of the rootstocks in hydrogel with the addition of Trifender WP preparation on the growth of maiden quince trees in a nursery
Authors: Świerczyński Sławomir , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Świerczyńska Ilona
Published: November 2021

The comparison of the influence of foliar fertilization with four preparations on the growth of ‘Conference’ maiden pear trees growing on MA quince rootstock was conducted in a nursery in a three-year period. The evaluation was conducted on the basis of maidens growth parameters and the state of their leaf minerals content as well as on photosynthetic activity of the maiden trees. The preparations used in the experiment affected the improvement of some growth parameters studied, especially the stem diameter and fresh mass of the maidens. Biopuls Original turned out to be the best preparation as it improved significantly three out of five studied growth parameters. A varied impact of the preparations used on the content of micro and macro-elements in leaves was detected. All tested preparations positively influenced the leaves area index of maiden trees except for Blackjak preparation. Photosynthetic intensity of maiden pear trees nourished through leaves was significantly smaller in comparison with the control. Only plants treated with Biopulus Original were characterized by a higher concentration of CO2 and its level in intercellular space. The aim of the second experiment was to check the influence of the application of Trifender WP preparation with hydrogel on the growth of ‘Champion’ maiden quince trees at the stage of planting the rootstocks into a nursery. A better branching of the rootstocks was obtained after the use of the preparation with hydrogel and the hydrogel alone. The trees in these combinations were also characterized by bigger fresh and dry mass of the leaves. The influence of Trifinder WP applied in connection with hydrogel was the best.
The infection process of Colletotrichum fuscum on oregano leaves and stems
Authors: Zimowska Beata , Król Ewa Dorota
Published: November 2021

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fuscum, produces regular necrotic spots on oregano leaves and stems, causing severe crop losses. In this study, Koch’s postulates were fulfilled and infection process was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Leaves and stems of Origanum vulgare were inoculated and incubated at 24°C in wet chambers under high relative humidity. Pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that all tested C. fuscum isolates had infected stems and leaves of oregano. Of all inoculation methods, direct placement of colonized agar plugs on injured epidermis and soaking plant organs in conidial suspension were the most effective. The behavior of the conidia deposited on the oregano leaves was investigated at different time intervals after inoculation: at 12, 18, 32, 48, 67 and 98 h. Conidia produced an appressoria of varying shapes which has been formed at the end of germ tubes of different lengths. Penetration to host tissue through stomata was observed. Acervuli formed on the leaves surface after 98 h after inoculation, typically with sharp pointed setoses.
PERAWATAN BEDAH PERIODONTAL REGENERATIF PADA KETERLIBATAN FURKASI LESI ENDODONTIK-PERIODONTIK (Laporan Kasus)
Authors: Prasetyo Budhi Cahya , Mustika Indra , Ismi Nuzulul
Published: November 2021

Kasus penyakit pulpa sering melibatkan kerusakan pada jaringan pendukung gigi atau jaringan periodontal, khususnya di daerah furkasi. Penyebab kondisi ini karena adanya saluran lateral yang menghubungkan jaringan pulpa dengan jaringan periodontal. Laporan kasus ini membahas keterlibatan area furkasi setelah perawatan endodontik. Pasien pria usia 45 tahun datang ke RSGM bagian Periodonsia dengan rujukan dari bagian Konservasi untuk dilakukan penata-laksanaan keterlibatan furkasi dengan riwayat pasien telah dikukan perawatan endodontik sebelumnya. Pada pemeriksaan klinis probing menggunakan probe nabers didapatkan keterlibatan furkasi kelas II klasifikasi Glickman disertai dengan resesi kelas I Miller. Pemeriksaan penunjang radiografis periapikal dan CBCT menunjukkan terdapat radiolusensi pada area furkasi. Pada kasus ini dilakukan terapi bedah flap dengan penempatan bonegraft dan membran platelet rich fibrin (PRF) pada area furkasi. Terapi bedah periodontal regeneratif dengan bonegraft dan PRF pada kasus telah banyak di laporkan dalam beberapa literatur periodontal sebagai salah satu terapi penata-laksanaan keterlibatan furkasi gigi molar. Evaluasi dilakukan pada minggu ke-2, bulan ke-1, dan bulan ke-3 pasca tindakan bedah. Evaluasi pada bulan ke-3 secara radiografis menenunjukkan adanya pengisian substansi tulang di daerah furkasi. Disimpulkan bahwa penata-laksanaan kasus keterlibatan furkasi dengan terapi bedah regeneratif kombinasi bonegraft dan membran PRF dapat menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan baik pada difek vertikal maupun horizontal.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЗДАНИЯ, СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЯ И ПАДЕНИЯ ЗОЛОТОЙ ОРДЫ
Authors: Тузмухамедов Р. А.
Published: November 2021

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ИСТОРИЯ СОЗДАНИЯ СЕВЕРНОГО СОВЕТА И МЕЖДУНА­РОДНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ЕГО ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Шульга С. В.
Published: November 2021

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Право на войну. История судебного дела
Authors: Лопатка А. , Колосов Ю. , Сломансон В.
Published: November 2021

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ИСТОРИЯ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО УГОЛОВНОГО ПРАВА
Authors: Бахтигареева А. Р.
Published: November 2021

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ПРАВОВОЙ СТАТУС ВООРУЖЕННЫХ СИЛ ООН НА КИПРЕ
Authors: Бадтиев Т. К.
Published: November 2021

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К ВОПРОСУ О СООТНОШЕНИИ ОБЫЧНОЙ И КОНВЕНЦИОННОЙ НОРМ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ВЛИЯНИЯ ИЗМЕНИВШИХСЯ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ НА СИЛУ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ДОГОВОРА
Authors: Королев М. А.
Published: November 2021

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ОГОВОРКИ К МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНВЕНЦИИ О ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ВСЕХ ФОРМ РАСОВОЙ ДИСКРИМИНАЦИИ И ПОДДЕРЖАНИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ПРАВОПОРЯДКА В ОБЛАСТИ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Решетов Ю. А.
Published: November 2021

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ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЯДЕРНОГО ОРУЖИЯ (на примере США)
Authors: Кукушкина А. В.
Published: November 2021

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ИВАН АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ ОВЧИННИКОВ (к 130-летию со дня рождения)
Authors: Стародубцев Г. С.
Published: November 2021

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НОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ О ПРАВАХ И СВОБОДАХ НАРОДОВ
Authors: Хакимов Р.
Published: November 2021

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ВСТУПАЯ В ТРЕТЬЕ ТЫСЯЧЕЛЕТИЕ
Authors: Тузмухамедов Р. А.
Published: November 2021

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ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВОПРЕЕМСТВА И ГРАНИЦЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Шинкарецкая Г. Г.
Published: November 2021

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Ciência, paradigmas científicos e inter/transdisciplinaridade: implicações pedagógicas
Authors: Nascimento Sandes Fábio , Da Silva Cícero
Published: November 2021

Este ensaio discute a criação da linguagem do poder, do conhecimento, que está na base de toda política moderna. Para tanto, reflete-se sobre o percurso das Ciências e dos paradigmas científicos, desde a época em que se concebia a mente humana acima do campo terrestre para contemplá-lo do alto, de algum ponto do universo (Ciência Moderna) até as teorias mais recentes sobre o mundo dos sentidos (Ciências Sociais). O procedimento metodológico adotado tem como base a pesquisa bibliográfica. Espera-se que os resultados do trabalho possam trazer subsídios para o debate sobre o modo como os movimentos inter/transdisciplinares afetam as sociedades do conhecimento, em todos os seus níveis e esferas, especialmente no âmbito educacional, impulsionando o aprendizado, o amadurecimento, os avanços e as novas descobertas nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento.
El modelo del entretenimiento educativo en la webnovela, caso Historias de culpa (2000)
Authors: Guerrero Viguri Raquel
Published: November 2021

El presente texto hace un breve análisis retomando elementos de la metodología histórico-estructural respecto la novedosa propuesta de producción que aportó la primera webnovela mexicana, Historias de culpa (2000), así como la relevancia de conocer el estilo de su realizador, Miguel Sabido, para poder comprender tanto las temáticas abordadas como la manera en la que fueron planteadas, correspondiendo al modelo del entretenimiento educativo y a la teoría del Tono creadas por él mismo desde su trabajo en las telenovelas de Televisa de los años setenta, conocidas como telenovelas educativas o didácticas.
Reseña del libro Lenguajes de la Cotidianidad
Authors: Domínguez Cuenca Daniel
Published: November 2021

Libro publicado en 2013 por la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo y la Universidad Veracruzana, México
Agresiones de periodistas en Veracruz
Authors: del Palacio Montiel Celia
Published: November 2021

El listado que se presenta a continuación, como parte de la sección materiales para el estudio de la cultura y la comunicación, da cuenta de las agresiones en contra de los periodistas veracruzanos entre 2011-2014, para dar una idea más clara del estado que guarda la seguridad de los informadores veracruzanos en los años correspondientes a la gestión del actual gobernador del estado, Javier Duarte de Ochoa.
Academic Persistence for Students Involved in the Accelerated Education Program in Dadaab Refugee Camp
Authors: Arvisais Olivier , Charland Patrick , Audet François , Skelling-Desmeules Yannick
Published: November 2021

The academic community has highlighted the lack of research into accelerated education programs (AEPs) in refugee camps. Furthermore, AEPs take different forms in different countries. Generally speaking, however, several AEPs in different parts of the world are known for their low attendance rates. Accordingly, this article presents the key barriers causing absenteeism or preventing students from continuing their education within the program in Dadaab Refugee Camp. Our study shows that humanitarian action itself plays a significant role in pupil academic persistence. Also, flexible schedules are not a solution to absenteeism in AEP.