bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cubic Class of Iterative Procedures for Finding the Generalized Inverses
Authors: Kansal Munish , Kaur Manpreet , Rani Litika , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: July 2023

This article considers the iterative approach for finding the Moore–Penrose inverse of a matrix. A convergence analysis is presented under certain conditions, demonstrating that the scheme attains third-order convergence. Moreover, theoretical discussions suggest that selecting a particular parameter could further improve the convergence order. The proposed scheme defines the special cases of third-order methods for β=0,1/2, and 1/4. Various large sparse, ill-conditioned, and rectangular matrices obtained from real-life problems were included from the Matrix-Market Library to test the presented scheme. The scheme’s performance was measured on randomly generated complex and real matrices, to verify the theoretical results and demonstrate its superiority over the existing methods. Furthermore, a large number of distinct approaches derived using the proposed family were tested numerically, to determine the optimal parametric value, leading to a successful conclusion.
Nonlinear Oscillations of a Composite Stepped Piezoelectric Cantilever Plate with Aerodynamic Force and External Excitation
Authors: Liu Yan , Ma Wensai
Published: July 2023

Axially moving wing aircraft can better adapt to the flight environment, improve flight performance, reduce flight resistance, and improve flight distance. This paper simplifies the fully unfolded axially moving wing into a stepped cantilever plate model, analyzes the structural nonlinearity of the system, and studies the influence of aerodynamic nonlinearity on system vibration. The model is affected by aerodynamic forces, piezoelectric excitation, and in-plane excitation. Due to Hamilton’s principle of least action, the mathematical model is established based on Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory, and using Galerkin’s method, the governing dimensionless partial differential equations of the system are simplified to two nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and then a study of the influence of the various engineering parameters on the nonlinear oscillations and frequency responses of this model is conducted by the method of multiple scales. It was found that the different values of a5, a6, b6 and b8 can change the shape of the amplitude–frequency response curve and size of the plate, while different symbols a7 and b7 can change the rigidity of the model. The excitations greatly impact the nonlinear dynamic responses of the plate.
Brevetoxin versus Brevenal Modulation of Human Nav1 Channels
Authors: Finol-Urdaneta Rocio K. , Zhorov Boris S. , Baden Daniel G. , Adams David J.
Published: July 2023

Brevetoxins (PbTx) and brevenal are marine ladder-frame polyethers. PbTx binds to and activates voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in native tissues, whereas brevenal antagonizes these actions. However, the effects of PbTx and brevenal on recombinant Nav channel function have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, the PbTx-3 and brevenal modulation of tissue-representative Nav channel subtypes Nav1.2, Nav1.4, Nav1.5, and Nav1.7 were examined using automated patch-clamp. While PbTx-3 and brevenal elicit concentration-dependent and subtype-specific modulatory effects, PbTx-3 is >1000-fold more potent than brevenal. Consistent with effects observed in native tissues, Nav1.2 and Nav1.4 channels were PbTx-3- and brevenal-sensitive, whereas Nav1.5 and Nav1.7 appeared resistant. Interestingly, the incorporation of brevenal in the intracellular solution caused Nav channels to become less sensitive to PbTx-3 actions. Furthermore, we generated a computational model of PbTx-2 bound to the lipid-exposed side of the interface between domains I and IV of Nav1.2. Our results are consistent with competitive antagonism between brevetoxins and brevenal, setting a basis for future mutational analyses of Nav channels’ interaction with brevetoxins and brevenal. Our findings provide valuable insights into the functional modulation of Nav channels by brevetoxins and brevenal, which may have implications for the development of new Nav channel modulators with potential therapeutic applications.
Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Wyszomirski Krzysztof , Walędziak Maciej , Różańska-Walędziak Anna
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this review was to analyze the available literature on the subject of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. We searched for available articles for the time period from 2013 to 2023. Obesity is listed as one of the most important health issues. Complications of obesity, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) listed among them, are common problems in clinical practice. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for OSA, but OSA itself may contribute to worsening obesity. Bariatric surgery is a treatment of choice for severely obese patients, especially with present complications, and remains the only causative treatment for patients with OSA. Though improvement in OSA control in patients after bariatric surgery is well-established knowledge, the complete resolution of OSA is achieved in less than half of them. The determination of subpopulations of patients in whom bariatric surgery would be especially advantageous is an important issue of OSA management. Increasing the potential of non-invasive strategies in obesity treatment requires studies that assess the efficacy and safety of combined methods.
An Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Paralysis of Adult Patients in Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wang Anqi , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Xinrui , Li Guozhong , Zhong Di
Published: July 2023

Respiratory muscle paralysis is known as a very common complication of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). However, most research has focused on its later stages rather than its earlier stages, including the prognosis of patients with this condition, or factors that act as early predictors of risk. Therefore, our study aimed to identify early predictors of respiratory muscle paralysis in patients with GBS and determine the short-term prognosis of such patients. We recruited 455 GBS patients (age ≥ 18) who had been hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between 2016 and 2021, retrospectively. We recorded clinical and laboratory data and used linear and logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between early clinical, examination results, and subsequent respiratory muscle paralysis. Among the 455 patients, 129 were assigned to a respiratory muscle paralysis group and 326 were assigned to a non-respiratory muscle paralysis group. Compared with the non-affected group, the time from onset to admission was shorter (p = 0.0003), and the Medical Research Council (MRC) score at admission and discharge was smaller in the affected group (p < 0.0001). Compared with the non-affected group, the affected group had higher Hughes and Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS) scores at admission and longer hospital stays (p < 0.0001). Patients in the affected group were more likely to have bulbar palsy and lung infections (p < 0.0001). To conclude, bulbar palsy, a higher EGRIS score and Hughes score at admission, a lower MRC score, and a shorter time between onset and admission, are all predictive risk factors for respiratory muscle paralysis in patients with GBS. An increase in any of these factors increases the risk of muscle paralysis. Patients with respiratory muscle paralysis have a poorer short-term prognosis than those without respiratory muscle paralysis. Therefore, we should attempt to identify patients with one or more of these characteristics in the early stages of admission, provide ventilation management, and administer IMV treatment if necessary.
Carryover Effects of Pain Neuroscience Education on Patients with Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shin Seungwoo , Kim Hyunjoong
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Because most individuals with chronic back pain (CLBP) have no specific cause, it is usually described as central sensitization. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) in top-down pain control may be effective against carryover effects; however, this remains unclear. In this study, the carryover effect was qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized and analyzed. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PNE in individuals with CLBP were conducted using international databases until January 2023. Using RevMan5.4 provided by Cochrane, qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed with a risk of bias and meta-analysis, respectively. Results: Nine RCTs involving 1038 individuals with CLBP were included in the analysis. Four main results were identified: First, PNE had a short-term carryover effect on pain intensity (SMD = −1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.59 to −0.50); second, PNE had a short-term carryover effect on pain catastrophizing (SMD = −2.47, 95% CI = −3.44 to −1.50); third, PNE had short- and long-term carryover effects on kinesiophobia (SMD = −3.51, 95% CI = −4.83 to −2.19); fourth, the appropriate therapeutic intensity of PNE for the pain intensity of individuals (SMD = −0.83, 95% CI = −1.60 to −0.07). Conclusions: PNE has a short-term carryover effect on pain intensity and pain cognition in individuals with CLBP and a long-term carryover effect on kinesiophobia.
Tiliacora triandra Leaf Powder Ethanolic Extract in Combination with Cisplatin or Gemcitabine Synergistically Inhibits the Growth of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and in Nude Mouse Xenograft Models
Authors: Samankul Arunta , Senawong Gulsiri , Utaiwat Suppawit , Prompipak Jeerati , Woranam Khanutsanan , Phaosiri Chanokbhorn , Sripa Banchob , Senawong Thanaset
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: The treatments of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with Cisplatin (Cis) and Gemcitabine (Gem) often cause side effects and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of Tiliacora triandra leaf powder ethanolic extract (TLPE) and Cis or Gem on CCA cells in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay. Drug interaction was studied by Chou-Talalay method. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle and apoptosis regulating proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results:Treatments with Cis or Gem in combination with TLPE significantly inhibited the growth of KKU-M213B and KKU-100 cells compared with single drug treatments. Synergistic drug interactions were observed with the dose reduction of Cis and Gem treatments. The safety of TLPE was demonstrated in vitro by the hemolytic assay. Synergistic combination treatments down-regulated Bcl2 and reduced the ratio of Bcl2/Bax in both CCA cells. TLPE enhanced tumor suppression of both Cis and Gem in nude mouse xenograft models. Combination treatments with Cis and TLPE reduced Cis toxicity, as demonstrated by the enhanced body weight change of the treated mice compared with the treatment with Cis alone. Furthermore, TLPE reduced hepatotoxicity caused by Gem treatment and reduced kidney and spleen toxicities caused by Cis treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that TLPE enhances the anticancer activity of Cis and Gem and reduces their toxicity both in vitro and in nude mouse xenograft models.
Effects of Complex Pain Control Programs on Taekwondo Athletes with Recurrent Low Back Pain: A Case Study
Authors: Kim Hong-Gil , Jung Ju-Hyeon , Moon Dong-Chul
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Practitioners of martial arts such as Taekwondo are likelier to experience back pain during training or competition. As the back pain of taekwondo athletes shows various symptoms depending on the athlete’s characteristics, such as technique and movement, a case study was conducted to verify the intervention effect suitable for individual traits. We examined the effects of a complex pain control program on pain, mechanosensitivity, and physical function in a Taekwondo athlete with recurrent low back pain (LBP). Materials and Methods: A Taekwondo athlete with LBP was recruited from D University, Busan. The intervention program was performed for 45 min twice a week for 3 weeks, and the patient was followed up with after 2 weeks. The numerical rating pain scale (NRPS), pain pressure threshold, mechanosensitivity, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were measured before and after the intervention. Therapeutic massage and nerve stimulation therapy were performed. Lumbar flexion, extension, and rotation were performed in the movement control exercise group, whereas the sliding technique, a neurodynamic technique of the tibial nerve, was applied in the neurodynamic technique group. This effect was verified by comparing the average measured values before and after the intervention. Results: Pain (NRPS) and mechanosensitivity reduced, range of motion and tactile discrimination abilities improved, and physical function (ODI) improved. The effect of the improved intervention lasted 2 weeks. Conclusions: These results indicate that application of complex pain control programs considering the four aspects of pain mechanisms for 3 weeks can be an effective intervention in Taekwondo athletes with recurrent LBP.
Association between Hyperuricemia and Hearing Impairment: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Jeong Hyemin , Chang Young-Soo , Jeon Chan-Hong
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Hyperuricemia is associated with a variety of comorbidities. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and hearing impairment in Korean adults. Materials and Methods: Audiometric and laboratory test data from the 2019 to 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for analysis. Hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) threshold level ≥ 41 decibels. The definition of hyperuricemia was different for males and females: >7 mg/dL for males vs. >6 mg/dL for females. Results: A total of 4857 (weight n = 17,990,725) subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 56.8 years old. The weighted prevalence was 12.1% for hyperuricemia and 2.5% for gout. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 13.4%. In the univariable analysis, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with hearing impairment. However, the diagnosis of gout was not associated with hearing impairment. In the multivariable analysis, hyperuricemia (odds ratios (OR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.92, p = 0.030) was associated with hearing impairment along with age (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10–1.14, p < 0.001), female sex (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34–0.64, p < 0.001), education (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.30–0.63, p = 0.001), and occupational noise exposure (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.25–2.22, p = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, hyperuricemia was associated with hearing impairment in females (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–2.48, p = 0.041) and the elderly aged 60 years or more (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.05–1.99, p = 0.023). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia was independently associated with hearing impairment, especially in females and the elderly aged 60 years or more.
Flexible Electrode Based on PES/GO Mixed Matrix Woven Membrane for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application
Authors: Al-Senani Ghadah M. , Zayed Mohamed , Nasr Mervat , Ali Sahar S. , Shaban Mohamed , Mohamed Fatma
Published: July 2023

We introduced, for the first time, a membrane composed of nanostructured self-polyether sulphone (PES) filled with graphene oxide (GO) applied to photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. This membrane was fabricated through the phase inversion method. A variety of characteristics analysis of GO and its composite with PES including FTIR, XRD, SEM, and optical properties was studied. Its morphology was completely modified from macro voids for bare PES into uniform layers with a random distribution of GO structure which facilitated the movement of electrons between these layers for hydrogen production. The composite membrane photocathode brought a distinct photocurrent generation (5.7 mA/cm2 at 1.6 V vs. RHE). The optimized GO ratio in the membrane was investigated to be PG2 (0.008 wt.% GO). The conversion efficiencies of PEC were assessed for this membrane. Its incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) was calculated to be 14.4% at λ = 390 nm beside the applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency (ABPE) that was estimated to be 7.1% at −0.4 V vs. RHE. The stability of the PG2 membrane after six cycles was attributed to high thermal and mechanical stability and excellent ionic conductivity. The number of hydrogen moles was calculated quantitively to be 0.7 mmol h−1 cm−2. Finally, we designed an effective cost membrane with high performance for hydrogen generation.
Evolution Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Microstructure of a Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta Alloy Powder during Hot Isostatic Pressing
Authors: Zuo Zhenbo , Hu Rui , Luo Xian , Tang Hongkui , Zhu Zhen , Gao Zitong , Li Jinguang , Zou Hang , Li An , Zhao Xiaohao , Lai Yunjin , Li Shaoqiang
Published: July 2023

In this study, Ti-48Al-3Nb-1.5Ta powders were manufactured from cast bars by the supreme-speed plasma rotating electrode process (SS-PREP) and used to prepare hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) material at 1050–1260 °C with 150 MPa for 4 h. The phase, microstructure and mechanical performance were analyzed by XRD, SEM, electrical universal material testing machine and other methods. The results revealed that the phase constitution changed from γ phase to α2 phase and then to γ phase with the material changing from as-cast to powders and then to as-HIPed. Compared with the as-cast material, the grain size and element segregation were significantly reduced for both powders and as-HIPed. When the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) temperature was low, the genetic characteristics of the powder microstructure were evident. With the HIP temperature increasing, the homogeneity of the composition and microstructure increased, and the prior particle boundaries (PPBs) gradually disappeared. The elastic moduli of powder and as-HIPed were superior to those of as-cast, which increased with the HIP temperature increasing. The hardness of as-HIPed was lower than that of the powder. The compressive strength, compressive strain, bending strength, and tensile strength of as-HIPed were higher than those of as-cast. With an increase in the HIP temperature, the compressive strength decreased gradually, and the compressive strain first decreased and then increased.
Anxiety-like Behavior in Female Sprague Dawley Rats Associated with Cecal Clostridiales
Authors: Bear Tracey , Roy Nicole , Dalziel Julie , Butts Chrissie , Coad Jane , Young Wayne , Parkar Shanthi G. , Hedderley Duncan , Dinnan Hannah , Martell Sheridan , Middlemiss-Kraak Susanne , Gopal Pramod
Published: July 2023

The relationship between the microbiota profile and exposure to stress is not well understood. Therefore, we used a rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to investigate this relationship. Depressive-like behaviors were measured in Female Sprague Dawley rats using the sucrose preference test and the Porsolt swim test. Anxiety-like behaviors were measured with the light–dark box test. Fecal corticosterone, cecal microbiota (composition and organic acids), plasma gut permeability (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, LBP) and plasma inflammation (12 cytokines) markers were measured. Atypical behaviors were observed in female rats following UCMS, but no depressive-like behaviors were observed. Circulating concentrations of cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 were higher in UCMS-exposed female rats; plasma LBP and cecal organic acid levels remained unchanged. Our results reflect a resilient and adaptive phenotype for female SD rats. The relative abundance of taxa from the Clostridiales order and Desulfovibrionaceae family did, however, correlate both positively and negatively with anxiety-like behaviors and plasma cytokine concentrations, regardless of UCMS exposure, supporting the brain-to-gut influence of mild anxiety with a microbiota profile that may involve inflammatory pathways.
Prevention and Health Benefits of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Postbiotics in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Martyniak Adrian , Zakrzewska Zuzanna , Schab Magdalena , Zawartka Aleksandra , Wędrychowicz Andrzej , Skoczeń Szymon , Tomasik Przemysław J.
Published: July 2023

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in children, comprising 75–85% of cases. Aggressive treatment of leukemias includes chemotherapy and antibiotics that often disrupt the host microbiota. Additionally, the gut microbiota may play a role in the development and progression of acute leukemia. Prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics are considered beneficial to health. The role of prebiotics in the treatment and development of leukemia is not well understood, but inulin can be potentially used in the treatment of leukemia. Some probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus shows anticancer activity in in vitro studies. Additionally, Bifidobacterium spp., as a consequence of the inhibition of growth factor signaling and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, decrease the proliferation of cancer cells. Many bacterial metabolites have promising anticancer potential. The available research results are promising. However, more research is needed in humans, especially in the child population, to fully understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and acute leukemia.
Alpha-Gal Bound Aptamer and Vancomycin Synergistically Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Infection In Vivo
Authors: Doherty Matthew K. , Shaw Claire , Woods Leslie , Weimer Bart C.
Published: July 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pervasive and persistent threat that requires the development of novel therapies or adjuvants for existing ones. Aptamers, small single-stranded oligonucleotides that form 3D structures and can bind to target molecules, provide one possible therapeutic route, especially when presented in combination with current antibiotic applications. BALB/c α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase (−/−) knockout (GTKO) mice were infected with MRSA via tail vein IV and subsequently treated with the αSA31 aptamer (n = 4), vancomycin (n = 12), or αSA31 plus vancomycin (n = 12), with split doses in the morning and evening. The heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys were harvested upon necropsy for histological and qPCR analysis. All mice treated with αSA31 alone died, whereas 5/12 mice treated with vancomycin alone and 7/12 mice treated with vancomycin plus αSA31 survived the course of the experiment. The treatment of MRSA-infected mice with Vancomycin and an adjuvant aptamer αSA31 reduced disease persistence and dispersion as compared to treatment with either vancomycin SA31 alone, indicating the combination of antibiotic and specifically targeted αSA31 aptamer could be a novel way to control MRSA infection. The data further indicate that aptamers may serve as a potential therapeutic option for other emerging antibiotic resistant pathogens.
The Potential Role of Gut Bacteriome Dysbiosis as a Leading Cause of Periprosthetic Infection: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Valtetsiotis Konstantinos , Di Martino Alberto , Brunello Matteo , Tassinari Leonardo , D’Agostino Claudio , Traina Francesco , Faldini Cesare
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent a small yet important risk when undertaking a joint arthroplasty; they occur in approximately 1–2% of treatments. These infections create a medical and financial burden for patients and healthcare systems. Despite the introduction of recognized best clinical practices during arthroplasty operations, it is not yet possible to further reduce the risk of infection after surgery. The purpose of this review is to raise awareness of the potential role of gut dysbiosis in the development of PJIs and to highlight the potential of the gut bacteriome as a possible target for preventing them. (2) Methods: We compiled all the available data from five databases, examining the effects of gut dysbiosis in human and murine studies, following PRISMA guidelines, for a total of five reviewed studies. (3) Results: One human and one murine study found the Trojan horse theory applicable. Additionally, inflammatory bowel diseases, gut permeability, and oral antibiotic ingestion all appeared to play a role in promoting gut dysbiosis to cause PJIs, according to the other three studies. (4) Conclusions: Gut dysbiosis is linked to an increased risk of PJI.
Limnofasciculus baicalensis gen. et sp. nov. (Coleofasciculaceae, Coleofasciculales): A New Genus of Cyanobacteria Isolated from Sponge Fouling in Lake Baikal, Russia
Authors: Sorokovikova Ekaterina , Tikhonova Irina , Evseev Peter , Krasnopeev Andrey , Khanaev Igor , Potapov Sergey , Gladkikh Anna , Nebesnykh Ivan , Belykh Olga
Published: July 2023

The proliferation of benthic cyanobacteria has been observed in Lake Baikal since 2011 and is a vivid manifestation of the ecological crisis occurring in the littoral zone. The cyanobacterium Symplocastrum sp. has formed massive fouling on all types of benthic substrates, including endemic Baikal sponges. The strain BBK-W-15 (=IPPAS B-2062T), which was isolated from sponge fouling in 2015, was used for further taxonomic determination. A polyphasic approach revealed that it is a cryptic taxon of cyanobacteria. Morphological evaluation of the strain indicated the presence of cylindrical filaments with isodiametric cells enclosed in individual sheaths and coleodesmoid false branching. Strain ultrastructure (fascicular thylakoids and type C cell division) is characteristic of the Microcoleaceae and Coleofasciculaceae families. An integrated analysis that included 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, conserved protein phylogeny and whole-genome comparisons indicated the unique position of BBK-W-15, thus supporting the proposed delineation of the new genus Limnofasciculus. Through characterisation by morphology, 16S, ITS and genomic analysis, a new cyanobacterium of the family Coleofasciculaceae Limnofasciculus baicalensis gen. et sp. nov. was described.
Faecal Viral Excretion and Gastrointestinal Co-Infection Do Not Explain Digestive Presentation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Rezzoug Inès , Visseaux Benoit , Bertine Mélanie , Parisey Marion , Bonnal Christine , Ruppe Etienne , Descamps Diane , Timsit Jean François , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Armand-Lefevre Laurence , Houze Sandrine , Argy Nicolas
Published: July 2023

The physiopathological mechanisms responsible for digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of faecal viral shedding on digestive symptoms and propose differential diagnoses in order to understand the gastrointestinal clinical spectrum in acute cases of COVID-19. All patients managed between March and May 2020, from whom stool samples were collected for microbiological investigations, were included. Microbiological analysis consisted of syndromic PCR screening and microscopic parasitological examination supplemented with microsporidia and multiplex protozoa PCR. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed via viral detection in respiratory and frozen stool samples, completed via serological test when necessary. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and biological data and clinical courses were compared according to COVID-19 status and faecal SARS-CoV-2 shedding and enteric co-infection status. The sample included 50 COVID+ and 67 COVID− patients. Faecal viral shedding was detected in 50% of stool samples and was associated with a higher viral load in the upper respiratory tract. Detected enteric pathogens were not different between subjects with different COVID-19 statuses or faecal SARS-CoV-2 shedding and had no impact on the clinical course for COVID-19 patients. The connection between SARS-CoV-2 shedding and enteric pathogen co-infection involvement in gastrointestinal presentation and clinical course is still unclear, suggesting other processes are involved in digestive disorders in COVID-19 patients.
Composition and Dynamics of Plant- and Soil-Associated Microbial Communities in Forest and Agricultural Ecosystems
Authors: Dumonceaux Tim
Published: July 2023

Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921) is well known as an anarchist intellectual, an amiable mass of contradictions who loved humanity and was highly regarded in academic and intellectual circles, yet also penned “fiery peans to violence” in Le Révolté, the anarchist journal he established with Elisée Reclus in the 1870s [...]
Optimization of Grinding Parameters for the Mechanochemical Activation of Kaolin with the Addition of Trass
Authors: Őze Csilla , Makó Éva
Published: July 2023

At present, to achieve further reductions in CO2 emissions in the cement industry, it is essential to improve the efficiency of grinding processes and reduce the energy demand. This study examined the effects of various grinding parameters (addition of trass, ball to powder mass ratio (BPR), material of grinding bodies and jars, rotational speed, and mill type) to minimize the energy consumption of the mechanochemical activation of kaolinite. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area measurements were used to examine the influence of grinding parameters. It was found that the addition of as little as 25% (mass percent) trass reduced the specific energy demand for the complete amorphization of kaolinite by 56%. The application of steel grinding bodies (instead of ZrO2 ones) had a slight influence on the amorphization kinetics of kaolinite, but it could mechanochemically activate 30% more samples at the same BPR and specific energy demand. The use of the four-pot milling instead of the one-pot could considerably decrease the specific energy demand of the complete and incomplete (α = 0.9) amorphization of kaolinite. Overall, a 94% reduction was achieved in specific energy demand with steel grinding material, 14:1 BPR, four-pot milling, and the incomplete amorphization of kaolinite.
Potential of Salt Caverns for Hydrogen Storage in Southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Hui Shasha , Yin Shunde , Pang Xiongqi , Chen Zhuoheng , Shi Kanyuan
Published: July 2023

Salt caverns produced by solution mining in Southern Ontario provide ideal spaces for gas storage due to their low permeability. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is an important part of the future renewable energy market in Ontario in order to achieve global carbon neutrality and to fill the gap left by retiring nuclear power plants. However, large-scale hydrogen storage is still restricted by limited storage space on the ground’s surface. In this study, hydrogen’s physical and chemical properties are first introduced and characterized by low molecular weight, high diffusivity, low solubility, and low density. Then, the geological conditions of the underground reservoirs are analyzed, especially salt caverns. Salt caverns, with their inert cavity environments and stable physical properties, offer the most promising options for future hydrogen storage. The scales, heights, and thicknesses of the roof and floor salt layers and the internal temperatures and pressures conditions of salt caverns can affect stabilities and storage capacities. Finally, several potential problems that may affect the safe storage of hydrogen in salt caverns are discussed. Through the comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of hydrogen storage in salt caverns, this study puts forward the most appropriate development strategy for salt caverns, which provides theoretical guidance for UHS in the future and helps to reduce the risk of large-scale storage design.
Antioxidant and ACE-Inhibitory Activity of Protein Hydrolysates Produced from Atlantic Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa)
Authors: Senadheera Tharindu R. L. , Hossain Abul , Dave Deepika , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: July 2023

Atlantic sea cucumber is a benthic marine echinoderm found in Northwest Atlantic waters and is harvested mainly for its body wall. The body wall, along with internal organs and aquaphyrangeal bulb/flower, is a rich source of proteins, where the latter parts are often considered as processing discards. The objective of this research was to produce protein hydrolysates from sea cucumber tissues (body wall, flower, and internal organs) with bioactive properties associated with antioxidants, DNA and LDL cholesterol oxidation inhibition, and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects. The protein hydrolysates were prepared using food-grade commercial enzymes, namely Alcalase, Corolase, and Flavourzyme, individually and in combination, and found that the combination of enzymes exhibited stronger antioxidant potential than the individual enzymes, as well as their untreated counterparts. Similar trends were also observed for the DNA and LDL cholesterol oxidation inhibition and ACE-inhibitory properties of sea cucumber protein hydrolysates, mainly those that were prepared from the flower. Thus, the findings of this study revealed potential applications of sea cucumber-derived protein hydrolysates in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements, as well as natural therapeutics.
Characterization of the Synergistic Antioxidant Activity of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Kaempferol
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Pan Junkun , Liu Hui , Jiao Zhonggao
Published: July 2023

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and kaempferol exhibit cellular antioxidant activity; however, their interactive effects in terms of antioxidant actions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, their cytoprotective effects were examined against 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride solution (ABAP)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The results showed that the median effective dose (EC50) of the EGCG and kaempferol (6:1.5, c/c) combination was 3.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL, with a combination index (CIavg) value of 0.54, which represented a significant synergistic effect. Further experiments proved that the combined pretreatment with EGCG and kaempferol exerted protective effects by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, upregulating cellular antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of synergistic antioxidant effects of EGCG combined with kaempferol may be due to the up-regulation of higher antioxidant enzyme activities that improve the antioxidant capacities and balance the cell oxidative stress. The synergistic antioxidant effect of EGCG and kaempferol can provide a theoretical basis for the development of formulas of functional food ingredients.
Evaluation of Steaming and Drying of Black Sesame Seeds for Nine Cycles Using Grey-Correlation Analysis Based on Variation-Coefficient Weight
Authors: Zhang Yongqing , Wang Jiaojiao , Tan Huihui , Lu Xinyue , Wang Deguo , Wei Quanzeng
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to improve the steaming process of black sesame seeds. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the grey-correlation method based on the variation-coefficient weight to observe the treatments of normal-pressure (NPS) and high-pressure (HPS) steaming (with/without soaking in water) for nine cycles. Their effects on the contents of water, protein, fat, ash, melanin, sesamin, and sesamolin of black sesame seeds, as well as the sensory score of the black sesame pill, were determined. We found that with varied steaming methods and increased steaming cycles, the contents of the nutritional and functional components of black sesame seeds and the sensory score of the black sesame pill differed. The results of the variation-coefficient method showed that water, protein, fat, ash, melanin, sesamin, sesamolin, and sensory score had different effects on the quality of black sesame seeds with weighting factors of 34.4%, 5.3%, 12.5%, 11.3%, 13.9%, 11.3%, 7.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. The results of two-factor analysis of variance without repeated observations indicated that the grey-correlation degree of HPS was the largest among the different steaming treatments, and the following sequence was HPS after soaking in water (SNPS), NPS, and SNPS. There was no significant difference between NPS and SNPS (p < 0.05). Moreover, with increased cycles, the value of the grey-correlation degree increased. The comprehensive score of the procedure repeated nine times was significantly higher than other cycles (p < 0.05). The results of the grey-correlation degree and grade analysis showed that the best steaming process of black sesame seeds was HPS for nine cycles, followed by HPS for eight cycles and NPS after soaking in water (SNPS) for nine cycles. These findings could provide a scientific basis for replacing SNPS with HPS to simplify steaming and realize the parametric steaming of black sesame seeds, and thus, ensure the quality of black-sesame products.
A Review: Blue Fluorescent Zinc (II) Complexes for OLEDs—A Last Five-Year Recap
Authors: Rashamuse Thompho Jason , Mohlala Reagan Lehlogonolo , Coyanis Elena Mabel , Magwa Nomampondo Penelope
Published: July 2023

Blue emissions in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential for their application in solid-state lighting and full-colour flat panel displays. On the other hand, high-power blue emitters are still uncommon, especially those that can achieve the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE, X, Y) coordinates of (0.14, 0.08) in the National Television System Committee (NTSC) blue standard and have high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of more than 5% because their molecular design presents an enormous challenge. Therefore, creating effective, stable, pure, and deep blue fluorescent materials is vital. Here, it is addressed how useful blue fluorescent Zn (II) complexes are for making organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Utilizing Zn (II) complexes is appealing because of their favourable luminous characteristics, acceptance and mobility, and affordability. This mini-review article aims to provide an overview of Zn (II) complexes that emit blue fluorescent light and have been reported since 2018, while highlighting the unique qualities that make them appropriate OLED materials.
Comparison of Gas–Particle Partitioning of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal in the Summertime Atmosphere at the Foot and Top of Mount Hua
Authors: Qi Weining , Zhang Yifan , Shen Minxia , Li Lu , Dai Wenting , Chen Yukun , Liu Yali , Guo Xiao , Cao Yue , Wang Xin , Jiang Yingkun , Li Jianjun
Published: July 2023

Glyoxal and methylglyoxal are important volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. The gas–particle partitioning of these carbonyl compounds makes significant contributions to O3 formation. In this study, both the gas- and particle-phase glyoxal and methylglyoxal concentrations at the foot and top of Mount Hua were determined simultaneously. The results showed that the gaseous-phase glyoxal and methylglyoxal concentrations at the top were higher than those at the foot of the mountain. However, the concentrations for the particle phase showed the opposite trend. The average theoretical values of the gas–particle partitioning coefficients of the glyoxal and methylglyoxal concentrations (4.57 × 10−10 and 9.63 × 10−10 m3 μg−1, respectively) were lower than the observed values (3.79 × 10−3 and 6.79 × 10−3 m3 μg−1, respectively). The effective Henry’s law constants (eff.KH) of the glyoxal and methylglyoxal were in the order of 108 to 109 mol/kgH2O/atm, and they were lower at the foot than they were at the top. The particle/gas ratios (P/G ratios) of the glyoxal and methylglyoxal were 0.039 and 0.055, respectively, indicating more glyoxal and methylglyoxal existed in the gas phase. The factors influencing the partitioning coefficients of the glyoxal and methylglyoxal were positively correlated with the relative humidity (RH) and negatively correlated with the PM2.5 value. Moreover, the partitioning coefficient of the glyoxal and methylglyoxal was more significant at the top than at the foot of Mount Hua.
Activity Enhancement of Ferrierite in Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation Reactions through Recrystallization with Sodium Oleate
Authors: Lv Jiangang , Chen Long , Chen Chong , Wang Yunzheng , Wang Di , Sun Huaqian , Yang Weimin
Published: July 2023

Methyl acetate (MA) has a wide range of applications as an important industrial chemical. Traditional MOR zeolite for carbonylation of DME to MA accumulated carbon easily because of a 12-membered ring (12 MR) channel. In this work, we innovatively developed the method of recrystallization ferrierite (FER) zeolite using special chelating ligand sodium oleate which can affect ions other than alkali metals. The characterization results of N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) show that hydrothermal recrystallization of ferrierite using sodium oleate resulted in a higher Si/Al ratio, a bigger specific surface area and a larger number of Brønsted acid sites in the eight MR channels, which was more efficient in the reaction of carbonylation of dimethyl ether than ordinary alkali treatment.
Structural Characterization and Immunobiological Activity of Polysaccharides from Astragalus Oyster Mushroom
Authors: Meng Qiuxia , Niu Yu , Wang Rongrong , Niu Wei , Zhang Lizhen
Published: July 2023

When added to mushroom growing substrates, edible and medicinal herbs affect the mushrooms’ nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, polysaccharides (P0OP-I and P15OP-I) were extracted and purified from oyster mushrooms grown on substrates supplemented with 0% and 15% Astragalus roots (P0 and P15), respectively, and their chemical structure and immunobiological activities were compared. P15OP-I and P0OP-I were extracted using ultrasound-assisted hot water and deproteinized with the Sevage method, depigmented with 30% H2O2, desalted with dialysis, and purified using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 dextran column chromatography. The molecular weight of P0OP-I and P15OP-I was 21,706.96 and 20,172.65 Da, respectively. Both were composed of monosaccharides D-mannose, galacturonic acid, D-glucose, D-galactose, and L-arabinose but in different molar ratios, and both were connected by a pyranoside linkage. P15OP-I consisted of higher contents of mannose, glucose, galactose and arabinose and lower content of galacturonic acid as compared to P0OP-I. Both P0OP-I and P15OP-I induced NO and TNF-α production but did not show cytotoxic effect or induce ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. P15OP-I showed a stronger ability to promote NO and TNF-α production relative to P0OP-I. In vitro experiments showed that the immunomodulatory activity of P0OP-I and P15OP-I in RAW264.7 macrophages were mediated by the JNK/MAPK, Erk/MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The results would be helpful for elucidation of the health promoting mechanism of Astragalus oyster mushrooms as a source of neutraceuticals.
Conversion of a Single-Frequency X-Band EPR Spectrometer into a Broadband Multi-Frequency 0.1–18 GHz Instrument for Analysis of Complex Molecular Spin Hamiltonians
Authors: Hagen Wilfred R.
Published: July 2023

A broadband EPR spectrometer is an instrument that can be tuned to many microwave frequencies over several octaves. Its purpose is the collection of multi-frequency data, whose global analysis affords interpretation of complex spectra by means of deconvolution of frequency-dependent and frequency-independent interaction terms. Such spectra are commonly encountered, for example, from transition-metal complexes and metalloproteins. In a series of previous papers, I have described the development of broadband EPR spectrometers around a vector network analyzer. The present study reports on my endeavor to start from an existing X-band spectrometer and to reversibly re-build it into a broadband machine, in a quest to drastically reduce design effort, building costs, and operational complexity, thus bringing broadband EPR within easy reach of a wide range of researchers.
Review Insights on Salivary Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis
Authors: Umapathy Vidhya Rekha , Natarajan Prabhu Manickam , Swamikannu Bhuminathan
Published: July 2023

Early detection is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of oral cancer, a potentially lethal condition. Tumor markers are abnormal biological byproducts produced by malignant cells that may be found and analyzed in a variety of bodily fluids, including saliva. Early detection and appropriate treatment can increase cure rates to 80–90% and considerably improve quality of life by reducing the need for costly, incapacitating medicines. Salivary diagnostics has drawn the interest of many researchers and has been proven to be an effective tool for both medication monitoring and the diagnosis of several systemic diseases. Since researchers are now searching for biomarkers in saliva, an accessible bodily fluid, for noninvasive diagnosis of oral cancer, measuring tumor markers in saliva is an interesting alternative to blood testing for early identification, post-treatment monitoring, and monitoring high-risk lesions. New molecular markers for oral cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis have been found as a result of developments in the fields of molecular biology and salivary proteomics. The numerous salivary tumor biomarkers and how they relate to oral cancer and pre-cancer are covered in this article. We are optimistic that salivary protein biomarkers may one day be discovered for the clinical detection of oral cancer because of the rapid advancement of proteomic technology.
Mechanochemical Studies on Coupling of Hydrazines and Hydrazine Amides with Phenolic and Furanyl Aldehydes—Hydrazones with Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Kapusterynska Anna , Bijani Christian , Paliwoda Damian , Vendier Laure , Bourdon Valérie , Imbert Nicolas , Cojean Sandrine , Loiseau Philippe Marie , Recchia Deborah , Scoffone Viola Camilla , Degiacomi Giulia , Akhir Abdul , Saxena Deepanshi , Chopra Sidharth , Lubenets Vira , Baltas Michel
Published: July 2023

Hydrazone compounds represent an important area of research that includes, among others, synthetic approaches and biological studies. A series of 17 hydrazones have been synthesized by mechanochemical means. The fragments chosen were phenolic and furanyl aldehydes coupled with 12 heterocyclic hydrazines or hydrazinamides. All compounds can be obtained quantitatively when operating on a planetary ball mill and a maximum reaction time of 180 min (6 cycles of 30 min each). Complete spectroscopic analyses of hydrazones revealed eight compounds (3–5, 8–11, 16) present in one geometric form, six compounds (1, 2, 13–15) present in two isomeric forms, and three compounds (6, 7, 12) where one rotation is restricted giving rise to two different forms. The single crystal X-ray structure of one of the hydrazones bearing the isoniazid fragment (8) indicates a crystal lattice consisting of two symmetry-independent molecules with different geometries. All compounds obtained were tested for anti-infectious and antibacterial activities. Four compounds (1, 3, 5 and 8) showed good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and one (7) was very potent against Staphylococcus aureus. Most interesting, this series of compounds displayed very promising antileishmanial activity. Among all, compound 9 exhibited an IC50 value of 0.3 µM on the Leishmania donovani intramacrophage amastigote in vitro model and a good selectivity index, better than miltefosine, making it worth evaluating in vivo.