bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helping pupils understand autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: March 2019

School can present a number of challenges for children and young people with autism, in particular the high risk of bullying. Stephanie Thornton explains why it is important to ensure that all children and young people develop an understanding of autism spectrum disorder.
Overview of eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Attwood Stephen E
Published: March 2019

Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a disease that has been recognized in the past 30 years. It causes dysphagia and other symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction. Eosinophilic oesophagitis presents either with a chronic feeling of difficulty swallowing, with food moving slowly through the oesophagus, or as an acute food bolus obstruction requiring emergency attention. Patients may also experience chest pain at this time. It is an inflammatory disorder, thought to be driven by food or environmental antigens, where the most distinctive cell type is eosinophils. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is mediated through a local IgG4 mechanism and does not manifest as a systemic disease. It is diagnosed only on endoscopy and biopsy – there are characteristic endoscopic appearances with oedema, rings, furrows and strictures but the golden rule in its diagnosis is to perform multiple biopsies from multiple sites in the oesophagus in all patients with dysphagia or other oesophageal dysfunction. Finding a peak concentration of >15 eosinophils per high power field in this situation is diagnostic of eosinophilic oesophagitis. Eosinophilic oesophagitis is not usually related to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, but the two conditions may co-exist. Current therapies include topical steroids (oro-dispersible formulation of budesonide), proton pump inhibitors and dietary exclusions. Therapeutic oesophageal dilatation is reserved for refractory symptoms or tight strictures.
From isoniazid to psychobiotics: the gut microbiome as a new antidepressant target
Authors: Butler Mary I , Sandhu Kiran , Cryan John F , Dinan Timothy G
Published: March 2019

An awareness of the importance of the gut–brain axis in psychiatric disorders such as depression is increasing. The gut microbiome is a key component of this axis. Gut bacteria can communicate with the brain through a variety of pathways including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, immune modulation, tryptophan metabolism and the production of various neuroactive compounds. Patients with depression, and other mood and anxiety disorders, show distinct compositional changes in their gut bacteria profile, raising the question about a possible aetiological role for the microbiome in these disorders. Evidence is emerging that the gut microbiome may represent a new potential antidepressant target and the term ‘psychobiotic’ has been coined to describe bacteria which confer mental health benefits. Gut bacteria are easily accessible and can be altered in a variety of ways including through the use of probiotics, prebiotics and dietary change. Psychobiotics containing various Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species have demonstrated the ability to improve mood, reduce anxiety and enhance cognitive function in both healthy populations and patient groups. This article provides an overview of the identification and development of antidepressant psychobiotics, from the preclinical evidence in the laboratory to the more recent encouraging results from human trials.
Management of acute diverticulitis
Authors: Sagar Alex J
Published: March 2019

Acute diverticulitis is a major health-care concern. The optimal management of this common condition has been critically examined in recent years leading to a number of paradigm changes. In many areas, the debate continues.

Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis may be safely managed without antibiotics. A number of randomized controlled trials have examined the role of laparoscopic lavage vs resection for purulent peritonitis. In cases where resection is indicated the traditional Hartmann's procedure is being trialled against resection with primary anastomosis.

In the follow up of an acute uncomplicated episode, the value of colonoscopy is being questioned but remains in current guidelines. In the elective setting, more recent studies have led to a trend away from resection to prevent complications but towards resection to improve quality of life. This article presents an overview of the current guidance, areas of controversy and the associated evidence base.
Assessment and treatment of depression associated with dementia
Authors: Hughes Lloyd D , Murphy Fionnghuala , Findlay David J
Published: March 2019

Depression is a frequent diagnosis for people with dementia, with between 25% and 42% of such patients receiving antidepressants. The diagnosis can be challenging to make, and this patient group is more vulnerable to side effects of commonly used medications. This article outlines the diagnostic considerations and therapeutic approaches for managing depression in people with dementia.
The proactive elderly care team: dementia screening of over 20 000 patients
Authors: McCann Peter
Published: March 2019

The proactive elderly care team was introduced at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in October 2012. This article describes how the team performed over 5 years (up to the end of December 2017).

The proactive elderly care team had three broad aims related to all non-elective patients over the age of 75 years who either came to accident and emergency or were admitted into the hospital, irrespective of speciality:

To screen all patients over the age of 75 years for delirium and dementia To identify patients over 75 years who were the most frail, and would benefit from a comprehensive geriatric assessment and targeted interventions To reduce length of stay for patients over the age of 75 years without any increase in their readmission rate.

Following the introduction of the proactive elderly care team, length of stay and the readmission rate of patients who were seen by the service fell by about 50%. Almost £10 million has been saved and for every £1 invested in the proactive elderly care team service, over £12 was saved.
Discrete Element Modeling of Soil Displacement Resulting from Hoe Openers
Authors: Murray Steven , Chen Ying
Published: March 2019

Abstract.

Soil displacement is the most important performance indicator for seed openers, as it affects the uniformity of seeding depth. In this study, a hoe opener was modeled using Particle Flow Code in 3 Dimensions (PFC3D), a discrete element modeling software program. The objective was to simulate soil displacement in terms of soil throws. To validate the model, an air drill with hoe openers was tested in a field with clay soil at a working depth of 38 mm and travel speed of 8 km h-1. Soil throw resulting from the hoe opener was measured. To calibrate the model, a virtual soil shear test was created within PFC3D, and the output soil shear torque was compared to the torque measured in the same field. The result showed that the calibrated effective modulus, a critical micro-parameter of model particles, was 5.692 × 107 Pa. With this calibrated value, the simulated soil throws agreed well with the measured throws, with a relative error of 15%. The model was used to compare different hoe opener designs: single-shoot spread, double-shoot side-band, double-shoot paired-row, and triple-shoot openers. Among all these openers, the side-band opener resulted in the least lateral soil throw, and the paired-row opener resulted in the lowest vertical soil throw but the highest lateral throw. The developed model was effective for examining the effects of opener geometry on soil displacement. Keywords: DEM, Hoe, Opener, PFC3D, Soil displacement.
Heat Uniformity Study and Viability of Red Lentil at Different Seed Moisture Contents after Low-Dose Microwave Treatment
Authors: Brodie Graham , Gupta Dorin , Taheri Saeedeh
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Microwave processing has recently gained attention for seed treatment to eradicate pests and pathogens. However, there is a lack of data on the effect of microwave treatment on legume viability, as well as heat uniformity after microwave treatment. To clarify this matter, 50 g of red lentils at four moisture contents (MC) from 9% to 21% wet basis (w.b.) were treated in a microwave oven with full output power of 1100 W (producer information) or 3.33 W g-1 (based on calorimetric method) at power levels of 30%, 40%, and 50% and exposure times of 30 and 60 s. Final temperature distribution was captured using an infrared thermal camera, and absorbed power (W g-1) and energy (J g-1) were calculated using thermal properties of lentil. Lentil viability was negatively affected at absorbed energy higher than 70 J g-1 at any moisture content. For high moisture contents, more than 70 J g-1 were absorbed at power levels of 40% and 50% after 60 s exposure time. However, the viability of dry lentils was not affected after exposure to 50% power for 60 s, which raised the average temperature to 55°C. Germination and vigor of lentil at 21% MC treated with 30% power for 30 s increased by 8.6% and 20%, respectively, and conductivity after two months storage decreased by 15%, which shows the stimulating effect of microwave on lentil seeds. Keywords: Disinfection, Heat uniformity, Legume, Lentil, Microwave, Quality, Seed enhancement, Temperature distribution, Viability.
Quantification of Available Water Capacity Comparing Standard Methods and a Pedostructure Method on a Weakly Structured Soil
Authors: Assi Amjad T. , Mohtar Rabi H. , Braudeau Erik F. , Morgan Cristine L. S.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the pedostructure concept to determine the soil available water capacity, specifically the field capacity (FC). Pedostructure describes the soil aggregate structure and its thermodynamic interaction with water. Specifically, this work compared the calculation of soil water-holding properties based on the pedostructure concept with other standard methods for determining FC and permanent wilting point (PWP). The standard methods evaluated were the FAO texture estimate (FAO method), the Saxton-Rawls pedotransfer functions (PTFs method), and the water content at predefined soil suction (330 and 15,000 hPa) as measured with a pressure plate apparatus (PP method). Additionally, two pedostructure methods were assessed: the thermodynamic water retention curve (TWRC method) and the thermodynamic pedostructure (TPC method). Undisturbed loamy fine sand soil from a field in Millican, Texas, was analyzed at both the Ap and E horizons. The results showed that the estimated water content at FC and PWP for the three standard methods and for the TWRC method were in relative agreement. However, the TPC method used characteristic transition points in the modeled contents of different water pools in the soil aggregate and was higher for the Ap horizon, but in agreement with the other methods for the E horizon. For example, for the Ap horizon of the soil analyzed in this study, the FC estimated with the standard and TWRC methods ranged from 0.073 to 0.150 m3H2O m-3soil, while the TPC method estimate was 0.221 m3H2O m-3soil. Overall, the different methods showed good agreement in estimating the available water; however, the results also showed some variations in these estimates. It is clear that the TPC method has advantages over the other methods in considering the soil aggregate structure and modeling the soil water content within the aggregate structure. The thermodynamic nature of the TPC method enabled the use of both the soil shrinkage curve and the water retention curve in a weakly structured soil. It is expected that the TPC method would provide more comprehensive advances in understanding the soil water-holding properties of structured soils with higher clay contents. Keywords: Available water, Field capacity, Pedostructure, Pedotransfer functions, Permanent wilting point.
The hematobiochemical status of Wistar rat line under the bovine leukemia virus experimental infection
Authors: Krasnikova Ekaterina Sergeevna , Bouchemla Fayssal , Krasnikov Alexander Vladimirovich , Radionov Roman Vladimirovich , Belyakova Anastasia Sergeevna
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the ability of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) to integrate into cells of heterologous organisms, in particular, Wistar rats, and examine the manifestations of the pathological process that could be seen in them.

Materials and Methods: Wistar rats - were divided into three groups. The first group (I) was fed milk of intact cows, the second (II) - milk of BLV-infected cows, and the third (III) - milk of cows, clinically BLV sick. Rats of all groups were divided into two subgroups: In the subgroup "a", there were adult rats, and in the subgroup "b", their offspring were included. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the start of the experiment, the animals' blood of each group was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of BLV provirus and specific anti-leukemia antibodies. A general and biochemical blood test was performed; pathological changes in the internal organs were recorded.

Results: Using the PCR, the BLV infection was established in all experimental rats, whose immune response was expressed in varying degrees. At the initial stage of the infection, offspring rats were born healthy. The rats of the control groups Ia and Ib were intact to the BLV throughout the experiment. The biochemical blood tests have shown several signs of intoxication, endocrine disorders, and development of malignant processes in the experimental animals. There are also signs of liver, kidney, and myocardial damages, regardless of whether milk is infected or the cows are clinically leukemic. By the time, the experimental rats developed persistent thrombocytosis with an increase in the average volume of the blood platelets, which may be evidence of the leukemia infection by the megakaryocytic type. The most pronounced character of the change was in the offspring generation.

Conclusion: Wistar rats can be considered as a suitable laboratory model to study the BLV pathogenesis. Rats are not BLV natural host, however, they developed the pathognomonic BLV infection symptoms when they were fed infected and leukemic cow's milk.
Gestão da política pública de assistência social: Uma revisão bibliográfica em relação à vulnerabilidade social / Public policy management of social assistance: A bibliographic review on social vulnerability
Authors: Teles Inalda Maria De Sá Carvalho , Lima Murilo Campos Rocha
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo de analisar e discutir sobre a Gestão Pública de Assistência Social, refletindo sobre as suas questões políticas e das implicações da vulnerabilidade social. Através da Constituição Federal de 1988 e do LOAS – Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social, iremos discutir como sua política de Seguridade Social provê os direitos mínimos sociais, realizados em conjunto com iniciativa pública e da comunidade, garantindo o atendimento às necessidades básicas da população mais carente. Tendo como metodologia, um estudo descritivo e de natureza documental, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de documentos (como: artigos, citações, sites e revistas), a partir disso, iremos reforçar os conceitos e a prática social e política.
AN ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF URBAN REGIONAL NETWORKS USING GIS
Authors: Kostin Vitalii , Halounová Lena
Published: March 2019

Road network is the foundation of the urbanization process. Initially, it represented an indispensable part not only for the very existence of cities but also for their further economic and social development. Gradually evolving over an extended period of time, networks acquire a certain pattern that can affect the functioning of the entire urban system. This article presents an analysis of the structural properties of the transportation networks across the thirteen large urbanized regions in the Czech Republic. Taking advantage of modern GIS technologies, we investigate the geometric and topological characteristics of road networks on detailed spatial data. The aim of this study is to analyse the qualities of transportation networks that arise from the interaction of their structural components. The results show that the properties of studied urban networks vary from region to region, however, we have determined some common patterns.
WELDING OF NITINOL BY SELECTED TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Kramár Tomáš , Tauer Jan , Vondrouš Petr
Published: March 2019

Nitinol is a perspective alloy that is difficult to weld because of its high sensitivity to heat, atmospheric gases and the NiTi phase instability. We evaluated several welding techniques with regard to their applicability to weld fine pseudoelastic NiTi wires. Namely, we tested the microplasma arc, laser, electron beam, resistance and capacitor discharge welding. In conclusion, the behaviour of the weld for any of the implemented welding techniques is similar; it leads to a loss of mechanical properties in the welded joint caused by a recrystallization and an increased amount of brittle intermetallic phases. Yet, under perfect shielding and with a minimum heat input, the welds could, as a whole, retain the majority of their properties, and, as such, have the desired properties close to the base metal.
MODELLING, SIMULATION AND PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE POLLUTION REDUCTION WITH PHOTOCATALYTIC ASPHALT
Authors: Kruschwitz Jens , Lind Martin , Muntean Adrian , Richardson Omar , Wondmagegne Yosief
Published: March 2019

We develop and implement a numerical model to simulate the effect of photocatalytic asphalt on reducing the concentration of nitrogen monoxide (NO) due to the presence of heavy traffic in an urban environment. The contributions in this paper are threefold: we model and simulate the spread and breakdown of pollution in an urban environment, we provide a parameter estimation process that can be used to find missing parameters, and finally, we train and compare this simulation with different data sets. We analyse the results and provide an outlook on further research.
La construcción de una geografía cultural. La ciudad de México en Los bandidos de Río Frío (1889-1891) de Manuel Payno
Authors: Urroz Kanán Raquel
Published: March 2019

Los bandidos de Río Frío, escrita entre 1889 y 1891, es una de las primeras novelas que proponen definir la identidad mexicana por medio de presentar un amplio cuadro social y de costumbres de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. A partir de su lectura se busca la relación de la geografía cultural con la literatura en el contexto del siglo XIX mexicano; y la manera en que estos dos ámbitos se juntan con el fin de explorar la gestación del nacionalismo para crear nuevas formas de conciencia espacial. De hecho, Los bandidos registra una gran cantidad de lugares, paisajes y trayectos comunes que adquieren significado simbólico para los personajes, de forma que a través de sus prácticas espaciales se articula una geografía cultural que parte de la propia capital del país. La novela también es resultado de las herramientas estilísticas y retóricas de que echó mano el autor de Los bandidos como parte de las corrientes literarias de su tiempo. Estos vehículos narrativos tuvieron la facultad de ejercer en el lector un sentido de apropiación metafórica del espacio recorrido y vivido también por el propio Manuel Payno. Se propone leer el paisaje urbano de la ciudad de México y descifrar un sistema espacial a partir de un concepto clave de la geografía cultural: el geosímbolo, definido por el geógrafo francés Jöel Bonnemaison como las unidades espaciales que estructuran y animan el territorio. Al final, los diferentes niveles de percepción espacial analizados suman una geografía cultural que no solo ordena el mundo narrativo de Payno, sino que contribuyó a crear el escenario social y la identidad colectiva que comenzaba a forjarse en las primeras décadas del México independiente.
The Relation between Arabic Linguistics and Islamic Legal Reasoning: Islamic Legal Theory Perspective
Authors: Anwar Syamsul
Published: March 2019

In this article, the writer studies the relation between Arabic linguistics and the process of Islamic legal reasoning from an Islamic legal theory perspective. The question raised regards how Muslim jurists and legal theoreticians perceive the importance of Arabic linguistics as a part of the methodological tool in extracting Islamic legal norms from their sources, the connection of the two disciplines in theoretical level, and their mutual influences. The study shows that Muslim jurists and legal theoreticians agree unanimously that Arabic language mastering is an indispensable condition for a mujtahid to be valid. Further, Muslim jurists and legal theoreticians rely heavily in many cases on the grammatical rules set by the Arab grammarians and integrate these rules into the construction of their legal theory. Nevertheless, they do not merely transfer these rules as such into uṣūl al-fiqh but develop them to the extent to which the grammarians themselves do not attain.[Dalam artikel ini, penulis menelaah hubungan antara ilmu bahasa Arab dengan proses penetapan hukum Islam dari perspektif ilmu uṣūl al-fiqh. Pertanyaan yang dibahas berkisar pada bagaimana para fukaha dan teoretikus hukum memahami pentingnya bahasa Arab sebagai bagian dari metodologi dalam menetapkan norma-norma hukum Islam dari sumbernya, hubungan antara ilmu bahasa Arab dan ilmu uṣūl al-fiqh dalam tataran teoretis, serta pengaruh timbal balik antara dua disiplin ilmu tersebut. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa para fukaha dan teoretikus hukum sepakat bahwa penguasaan bahasa Arab merupakan syarat mutlak bagi seorang mujtahid agar ijtihadnya sahih. Lebih jauh, dalam banyak kasus, para fukaha dan teoretikus hukum sangat bergantung pada aturan-aturan gramatika yang ditetapkan oleh para ahli tata bahasa Arab dan mengintegrasikan aturan-aturan ini ke dalam konstruksi teori hukum mereka. Namun demikian, mereka tidak hanya mengalihkan aturan-aturan ini ke dalam teori uṣūlal-fiqh tetapi mengembangkannya lebih jauh sesuai yang keperluan.]
Issues on Regulation of Medical Services Contract in the Context of Healthcare Reform in Russia
Authors: ABESALASHVILI Marine Zaurovna , ERTEL Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , MUSTAFIN Rafael Filevich , TKHAKUSHINOV Rustem Askarbaevich
Published: March 2019

The submitted article covers some issues of regulations of contractual medical services in the Russian Federation. The contemporary state of regulations in connection with contractual medical services providing, as opined by many researchers, leaves much to be desired. Medical services contract, being a particular case of fee-based services contract has its specifics which must be reflected in regulations. The authors study the issues on setting the terms of services quality in the contract, quality and result relation in the context of healthcare system reform tasks, one of which is medical services quality improvement. In a medical services contract the quality of medical services is related by authors to their standards. Conclusions and offers on improvement of legal regulation are based on the study of issue’s background, current legal regulation, opinions of other researchers on commercial medicine. The result guarantee prohibition offered by authors in medical services contract, more detailed specification of terms and conditions, information mandatory for submission to patients will allow to protect consumer’s rights and decrease abuse in commercial medicine.
Document Support for Modern Management: Competency-based Approach
Authors: ANDRUNIK Andrey P. , DROBYSHEVA-RAZUMOVSKAYA Lyudmila I. , DUBROVSKY Alexander V. , TSARIYEV Evgeniy A. , MURALEV Andrey A.
Published: March 2019

Numerous studies conducted in different countries have revealed a direct link between the level of personnel competence and innovation performance of the company, which may be expressed in a practical ability to effectively apply knowledge and skills in solving professional problems. However, analysis of the tasks set out in the framework of a new paradigm ‘Management 2.0’ leads to the conclusion that the question of the development of new models of competencies that can bring the modern enterprise management to a new level remains open. The article discusses the relevance of the forming document support competence in future managers and the need to improve vocational training of students in Russian universities. The scientific objective of this study is to justify the process of forming document support competence in vocational training of students in universities on the basis of the developed and tested model of forming document support competence. As a hypothesis, the study examines the assumption that the effective formation of document approach competence of graduates will be achieved through implementation in the learning process of students of a specialized training course in conjunction with a complex of pedagogical conditions of effective formation of document support competence.
Caffeine as a potential arousal enhancer: altered NMDA subunit gene expression without improving cognitive performance in REM sleep deprived rats
Authors: Sahin Leyla , Cevik Ozge Selin , Koyuncu Dilan Deniz , Kocahan Sayad
Published: March 2019

Caffeine is one of the most extensively consumed stimulants in the world and has been suggested to induce wakefulness by antagonizing the function of the adenosine A2A receptor. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic caffeine consumption on learning and memory in the REM sleep-deprived rats.Male Wistar rats (n = 50), were randomly assigned into 5 groups: Control (C), Caffeine (Cf), Pedestal Control (PC), Sleep Deprivation (SD), Sleep Deprivation and Caffeine (SD + Cf). Sleep deprivation procedure was applied as the flower-pot technique. SD and SD + Cf groups were deprived for 18 hours in a day for 21 days. Caffeine was administered daily in drinking water (0.3 gâ„L) for 5 weeks. For evaluated learning and memory function, Morris Water Maze Test (MWM) was used. Fluidigm Access Array was used for Grin2a, Grin2b, BDNF, cdk5/cdk5r1, CaMKIIa genes expression in the hippocampus. Distance moved and escape latency were decreased through trial days (p<0.05). However, there is no significant difference between groups for time spent in targeted quadrant during probe test for memory performance. Grin2a up-regulation was found in Cf and SD+Cf (p<0.05), and cdk5r1 increased in Cf and PC control (p<0.05). Also, BDNF up-regulation was found in PC group. Grin2b, Cdk5, CaMKIIa expression levels were not changed significantly. We showed chronic caffeine altered some of the hippocampal genes without changing learning and memory in REM sleep deprived rats. Chronic consumption of caffeine caused up-regulation in Grin2a that subunit of NMDA receptor. We supposed that chronic caffeine consumption maintained arousal without affecting learning and memory performance.
QTL mapping analysis of maize plant type based on SNP molecular marker
Authors: Zhu Weihong , Zhao Yikun , Liu Jingbao , Huang Lu , Lu Xiaomin , Kang Dingming
Published: March 2019

In this study, the elite maize inbred line (Zheng683-1) was used as a recurrent parent and the four maize inbred lines (ZPH1388, ZPH5, Dong 237 and Chang 7-2) were used as donor parents. The four F1 hybrids were produced by crossing between them and were continued backcrossing to the recurrent parent to produce four BC3F1s. The BC3F1 were pollinated by selfing four generations to generate the recombinant inbred lines (BC3F5) that showed variation in plant height, ear height, leaf angle. There were 53 lines for Zheng683-1 x ZPH1388, 53 lines for Zheng683-1 x ZPH5, 48 lines for Zheng683-1 x Dong237 and 61 lines for Zheng683-1 x Chang 7-2. The four populations were genotyped by using SNP marker and identified the QTLs of targeted traits by using QTL IciMapping V4.1 software and stepwise regression analysis. The main results are as follows:1. 19 additive QTLs and 2 dominant QTLs about plant height were detected in four introgression lines, and 7, 4, 5, 5 QTLs related plant height in ZPH1388-IL, ZPH5-IL, Dong237-ILand Chang7-2-IL. Among the 21 plant height QTLs, the largest contribution to phenotypic variation was QTLqPHa12 from Dong237-IL population, which evaluated 43.44% of the phenotypic variation of plant height . Followed by qPHa3 from ZPH1388-IL, the phenotypic contribution rate was 20% 2. Sixteen QTLs related ear height were detected in the population of the 4 introgression lines, of which there were 15 additive and 1 dominant QTLs. In addition, 9, 3, and 4 QTLs were detected in ZPH1388-IL, ZPH5-IL and Dong237-IL respectively. Among the 16 ear height QTLs, the largest contribution to phenotypic variation was QTL (qEHa1) from the ZPH1388 IL, which recorded the phenotypic variation of ear height by 26.01%. Next the phenotype contribution rates were 22.05% and 21.46%, respectively for qEHa13 and qEHa15 from Dong237-IL. Fourteen QTLs related leaf angle was detected in the population of the introgression lines, of which there were 5 additive QTLs and 9 dominant QTLs. Moreover, 2, 9, and 3 QTLs were detected in ZPH1388-IL, ZPH5-IL, Dong237-IL, respectively. Among the 14 leaf angle QTLs, the largest contribution to phenotypic variation was QTL (qLAa4) from the Dong237-IL then qLAa3 from ZPH5-IL, detecting the phenotypic variation of leaf angle of 28.56% and 24.08%,  respectively.The results showed that the QTL locus was characterized by uneven chromosome distribution. The chromosome 1, 2, 5, and 7 are the regions with the QTL concentrated distribution of plant type traits. The QTL of plant type also showed QTL concentrated distribution in some regions of chromosomes. For example, there are three QTLs about plant height and ear height in the region of chromosome bin1.02, three QTLs about plant and ear heights, as well as leaf angle in the region of chromosome bin 2.02. These areas are QTL enrichment region (or the hot spots) of the pleiotropic gene loci related the plant type and ear traits.
Effects of morning and nocturnal soccer matches on levels of some trace elements in young trained males
Authors: Algul Sermin , Bengu Aydin Sukru , Baltaci Saltuk Bugra , Ozcelik Oguz
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate effect of morning and nocturnal soccer matches induced metabolic stress on plasma levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Twenty male footballers performed two soccer matches in morning and at night on different days. Blood samples were taken before and after match. The levels of Fe, Zn and Cu were measured through an atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metabolic stress was evaluated by altered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In morning and at nocturnal soccer matches, levels of MDA (36% and 27%), Fe (37.4% and 38.9%) and Cu (34.8% and 26.8%) were all increased in all subjects, respectively. However, Zn level decreased -4.5 % in morning (n=10 subjects) and -9.4% at nocturnal (n=12 subjects) soccer matches. In addition, Cu/Zn ratio increased significantly 46.6% in morning and 36.6% at nocturnal soccer matches. Soccer match has significant effects on levels of MDA, Fe and Cu but not Zn levels. The results of this study showed that morning soccer match significantly alters levels of MDA and Cu and Cu/Zn ratio compared to nocturnal soccer match.
Expression of Nav1.5 in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Zhou Yi , Luo Zhaohui , Bi Fangfang , Li Jing , Xiao Bo
Published: March 2019

To investigate the expressions of Nav1.5 mRNA at different time points in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and to assess the potential contribution of Nav1.5 to epileptogenesis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (72) weighing 230 to 250 g were used for this study. They were randomly assigned to six groups (12 rats/group): control and five TLE groups. The TLE groups were day 1 (acute period), days 7 and 14 (latent period), and days 30 and 60 (chronic period). With the exception of control, epilepsy was induced in the rats with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of aqueous solution of lithium chloride 18 h prior to pilocarpine injection (i.p.) at a dose of 125 mg/kg body weight (b.wt). Rats in the control group were injected i.p. with 0.9 % sodium chloride (125 mg/kg b.wt.) in place of pilocarpine. A total of 84 out of 112 rats developed status epilepticus (SE). The expression of Nav1.5 in the brains of rats was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The expressions of Scn5a mRNA in the hippocampus during the latent and chronic periods were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the corresponding expressions between the two different time points in the latent and chronic period groups (p > 0.05). The expression peaked 30 days post-SE, and was sustained for 60 days. There was no significant difference in the expression of Scn5a mRNA in the acute group, when compared to control. Immunohistochemical staining showed that expression levels of Nav1.5 in the CA3 region during latent and chronic periods were significantly higher than those in control group (p < 0.05), and the expressions peaked at day 30. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of Nav1.5 in the latent group, relative to the chronic period group. These results show that Nav1.5 might be involved in the pathogenesis of TLE.
On the Reliability for Some Bivariate Dependent Beta and Kumaraswamy Distributions: A Brief Survey
Authors: Ghosh Indranil
Published: March 2019

In the area of stress-strength models, there has been a large amount of work regarding the estimation of the reliability{R=\Pr(X<Y)}. The algebraic form for{R=\Pr(X<Y)}has been worked out for the vast majority of the well-known distributions whenXandYare independent random variables belonging to the same univariate family. In this paper, forms ofRare considered when{(X,Y)}follow bivariate distributions with dependence betweenXandY. In particular, explicit expressions forRare derived when the joint distribution are dependent bivariate beta and bivariate Kumaraswamy. The calculations involve the use of special functions.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia and factors affecting dyslipidemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes: evaluation of statin prescribing
Authors: Abed Elie , LaBarbera Brenton , Dvorak Justin , Zhang Ying , Beck Joni , Talsania Mitali
Published: March 2019

Background

There is limited information about cardiovascular complications among young adults (YA) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who are transitioning from pediatric to adult care. We aimed to study the prevalence and associated factors of dyslipidemia (DLD) and statin treatment in these patients.

Methods

We recruited 129 YA with T1DM aged 15–25 years. In a cross-sectional analysis, the prevalence of DLD (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] ≥ 100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] <40 mg/dL [males] or <50 mg/dL [females], total cholesterol [TC] ≥200 mg/dL or triglycerides [TG] ≥150 mg/dL) was reported. Socioeconomic and clinical characteristics were compared between YA with and without DLD. We also assessed statin use among YA with DLD.

Results

DLD was found in 64% of YA, predominantly increased LDL-C (34.9%). Higher mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was associated with DLD (p < 0.043). Of all YA who met the criteria for statin therapy, only 42% had one prescribed.

Conclusions

The prevalence of DLD is high in YA with T1DM and is associated with poor glycemic control, and use of statin therapy in this high-risk population is low.
On the limiting spectral density of random matrices filled with stochastic processes
Authors: Löwe Matthias , Schubert Kristina
Published: March 2019

We discuss the limiting spectral density of real symmetric random matrices.
In contrast to standard random matrix theory, the upper diagonal entries are not assumed to be independent, but we will fill them with the entries of a stochastic process.
Under assumptions on this process which are satisfied, e.g., by stationary Markov chains on finite sets, by stationary Gibbs measures on finite state spaces, or by Gaussian Markov processes, we show that the limiting spectral distribution depends on the way the matrix is filled with the stochastic process.
If the filling is in a certain way compatible with the symmetry condition on the matrix, the limiting law of the empirical eigenvalue distribution is the well-known semi-circle law.
For other fillings we show that the semi-circle law cannot be the limiting spectral density.
Understanding the effect of host flexibility on the adsorption of CH4, CO2 and SF6 in porous organic cages
Authors: Yang Siyuan , Chen Linjiang , Holden Daniel , Wang Ruiyao , Cheng Yuanyuan , Wells Mona , Cooper Andrew I. , Ding Lifeng
Published: March 2019

Molecular simulations for gas adsorption in microporous materials with flexible host structures is challenging and, hence, relatively rare. To date, most gas adsorption simulations have been carried out using the grand-canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method, which fundamentally does not allow the structural flexibility of the host to be accounted for. As a result, GCMC simulations preclude investigation into the effect of host flexibility on gas adsorption. On the other hand, approaches such as molecular dynamics (MD) that simulate the dynamic evolution of a system almost always require a fixed number of particles in the simulation box. Here we use a hybrid GCMC/MD scheme to include host flexibility in gas adsorption simulations. We study the adsorption of three gases – CH4, CO2 and SF6 – in the crystal of a porous organic cage (POC) molecule, CC3-R, whose structural flexibility is known by experiment to play an important role in adsorption of large guest molecules [L. Chen, P. S. Reiss, S. Y. Chong, D. Holden, K. E. Jelfs, T. Hasell, M. A. Little, A. Kewley, M. E. Briggs, A. Stephenson, K. Mark Thomas, J. A. Armstrong, J. Bell, J. Busto, R. Noel, J. Liu, D. M. Strachan, P. K. Thallapally, A. I. Cooper, Separation of rare gases and chiral molecules by selective binding in porous organic cages. Nat. Mater.
2014, 13, 954, D. Holden, S. Y. Chong, L. Chen, K. E. Jelfs, T. Hasell, A. I. Cooper, Understanding static, dynamic and cooperative porosity in molecular materials. Chem. Sci.
2016, 7, 4875]. The results suggest that hybrid GCMC/MD simulations can reproduce experimental adsorption results, without the need to adjust the host–guest interactions in an ad hoc way. Negligible errors in adsorption capacity and isosteric heat are observed with the rigid-host assumption for small gas molecules such as CH4 and CO2 in CC3-R, but the adsorption capacity of the larger SF6 molecule in CC3-R is hugely underestimated if flexibility is ignored. By contrast, hybrid GCMC/MD adsorption simulations of SF6 in CC3-R can accurately reproduce experiment. This work also provides a molecular level understanding of the cooperative adsorption mechanism of SF6 in the CC3-R molecular crystal.
The Thalamus Regulates Retinoic Acid Signaling and Development of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Postnatal Mouse Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Larsen Rachel , Proue Alatheia , Scott Earl Parker , Christiansen Matthew , Nakagawa Yasushi
Published: March 2019

GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) play crucial roles in higher cognitive functions. Despite the link between aberrant development of PFC interneurons and a number of psychiatric disorders, mechanisms underlying the development of these neurons are poorly understood. Here we show that the retinoic acid (RA)-degrading enzyme CYP26B1 (cytochrome P450 family 26, subfamily B, member 1) is transiently expressed in the mouse frontal cortex during postnatal development, and that medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived interneurons, particularly in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons, are the main cell type that has active RA signaling during this period. We found that frontal cortex-specificCyp26b1knock-out mice had an increased density of PV-expressing, but not somatostatin-expressing, interneurons in medial PFC, indicating a novel role of RA signaling in controlling PV neuron development. The initiation ofCyp26b1expression in neonatal PFC coincides with the establishment of connections between the thalamus and the PFC. We found that these connections are required for the postnatal expression ofCyp26b1in medial PFC. In addition to this region-specific role in postnatal PFC that regulates RA signaling and PV neuron development, the thalamocortical connectivity had an earlier role in controlling radial dispersion of MGE-derived interneurons throughout embryonic neocortex. In summary, our results suggest that the thalamus plays multiple, temporally separate roles in interneuron development in the PFC.
Potatoes and the Pursuit of Happiness
Authors: Earle Rebecca
Published: March 2019

Eating acquired a new political importance during the Enlightenment, as writers began to link individual diets to the strength and wealth of nations. This article examines the eighteenth-century career of a foodstuff that became emblematic of these developments: the potato. Politicians, statesmen, and philosophers across Europe enthusiastically promoted the potato as a means of strengthening the body politic. They framed this promotion within a language of choice and the individual pursuit of happiness. In so doing they laid the foundations for today's debates about how to balance personal dietary autonomy with the demands of public health. The roots of the current neoliberal insistence that healthy eating is fundamentally a matter of individual choice thus lie in the Enlightenment.
Life below the Bombing: How the Champagne Caves Saved the City of Reims, France, and Its People during World War I
Authors: Peterson Karl J.
Published: March 2019

As we celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of the end of World War I in 2018, we recalled the extraordinary acts of heroism, both individual and cultural, which contributed to bringing about the war's conclusion. Reims, France, was literally at the front lines of the war. The two hundred–plus miles of caves below the city, quarried by Romans in the third and fourth centuries ad and adopted for wine production and storage by the champagne industry in modern times, became a place of refuge for the citizens of Reims, as well as for French soldiers heading to and returning from the war. The local people who remained during the war rode out more than a thousand continuous days of bombing by living in the caves, where butchers set up shop, children attended school, Christian worship services were given, and musical concerts took place. Meanwhile, the champagne industry continued to produce wine under incredibly harsh conditions. This article tells the incredible story of survival in the face of the war both for the citizens of Reims and the champagne industry, and how the war contributed to the industry subsequently solving problems that had plagued it for decades.
Contour Study of the Auricle, Forearm, and Sprained Ankle. Medium: charcoal on paper.
Authors: Oore Jonathan
Published: March 2019

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Marijuana: Judgement can preclude an honest dialogue in healthcare
Authors: Falkenham Alec
Published: March 2019

There are some topics in which medicine has a more cohesive and consistent message, but thus far, my experiences in medical school have suggested that marijuana isn’t one of them. For some, it’s a harmless drug with tremendous potential and for others, comparable to opioids.The discussions between physicians and patients regarding marijuana can be strongly influenced by ideologies in either direction, potentially undermining our ability to have an honest dialogue with patients. I explored this discussion through a combination of personal experiences in medical education and by sharing terminology and concepts that may be valuable in a patient-physician dialogue.
Assessment of Genetic Differentiation and Linkage Disequilibrium inSolanum pimpinellifoliumUsing Genome-Wide High-Density SNP Markers
Authors: Lin Ya-Ping , Liu Chu-Yin , Chen Kai-Yi
Published: March 2019

To mine new favorable alleles for tomato breeding, we investigated the feasibility of utilizing Solanum pimpinellifolium as a diverse panel of genome-wide association study through the restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technique. Previous attempts to conduct genome-wide association studies using S. pimpinellifolium were impeded by an inability to correct for population stratification and by lack of high-density markers to address the issue of rapid linkage disequilibrium decay. In the current study, a set of 24,330 SNPs was identified using 99 S. pimpinellifolium accessions from the Tomato Genetic Resource Center. Approximately 84% of PstI site-associated DNA sequencing regions were located in the euchromatic regions, resulting in the tagging of most SNPs on or near genes. Our genotypic data suggested that S. pimpinellifolium were divided into three single-ancestry subpopulations and four mixed-ancestry subpopulations. Additionally, our SNP genotypic data consistently confirmed the genetic differentiation, achieving a relatively reliable correction of population stratification. Previous studies utilized the 8K tomato SNP array, SolCAP, to investigate the genetic variation of S. pimpinellifolium and we performed a meta-analysis of these genotypes. The result suggested SolCAP array was less appropriate to profile the genetic differentiation of S. pimpinellifolium when more accessions were involved because the samples belonging to the same accession demonstrated different genome patterns. Moreover, as expected, rapid linkage disequilibrium decay was observed in S. pimpinellifolium, especially in euchromatic regions. Approximately two-thirds of the flanking SNP markers did not display linkage disequilibrium based on r2 = 0.1. However, the 18-Kb linkage disequilibrium decay indeed reveals the potential of single-gene resolution in GWAS when markers are saturated.
Proboszczowie kanonii w Biegonicach
Authors: Witowski Wojciech
Published: March 2019

Artykuł przedstawia sylwetki duchownych, którzy pełnili funkcję proboszczów w parafii św. Wawrzyńca w Biegonicach. Ramy czasowe określają lata istnienia kapituły św. Małgorzaty w Nowym Sączu (1448–1791). Parafia w Biegonicach została jedną z kanonii wspomnianej kapituły, dlatego urząd proboszcza związany był z godnością kanonicką, chociaż były od tego wyjątki. Opracowanie ma na celu przedstawić sylwetki proboszczów, ale także ukazać ich wpływ na parafialne duszpasterstwo, które w głównej mierze zależy od proboszcza – pasterza konkretnej parafii.
Muzyka w statutach synodów diecezji tarnowskiej
Authors: Garnczarski Stanisław
Published: March 2019

Zwoływane przez biskupów tarnowskich synody diecezjalne wśród wielu poruszanych zagadnień pastoralnych wypowiadały się też w kwestiach śpiewu i muzyki w liturgii. W okresie przedsoborowym ukazywały muzykę liturgiczną jako ozdobę celebracji, a po Soborze Watykańskim II jako jej integralną część. Podkreślano w dokumentach synodalnych chwałę Bożą i uświęcenie wiernych jako istotne cele muzyki liturgicznej, jej powiązanie ze słowem, znaczenie chorału gregoriańskiego oraz polifonii palestrinowskiej, sakralny charakter wyłączjący wszystko, co świeckie. Dużą wagę przywiązywano do istnienia i posługi chórów i innych zespołów wokalnych, do wykształcenia zarówno duszpasterzy, jak i organistów. Wiele uwagi synody poświęciły kwestiom organistowskim (zatrudnienie na umowę, warunki płacowe i bytowe muzyków kościelnych).
Eliasz – wzór sługi słowa Bożego
Authors: Łabuda Piotr
Published: March 2019

Prorok Eliasz jest niewątpliwie szczególną postacią tak dla Starego Testamentu, jak i dla uczniów Chrystusa. Jego dzieje niewątpliwie mogą, co więcej, powinny stać się wzorem dla głosicieli słowa Bożego. Przymioty Eliasza – nade wszystko jest wiara i wierność słowu Bożemu – sprawiały, że jego misja miała moc. Sprawiały, że Eliasz wiernie trwał jako prawdziwy prorok Jedynego Boga Jahwe. Poznawanie i medytowanie jego dziejów z pewnością jest pomocne dla współczesnych proroków Jedynego Boga.