Results of treatment of patients with endometrial polyps using a differentiated approach
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Benyuk V. , Yarmak V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Drupp Yu. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kovaliuk T. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The problem of treatment of endometrial polyps remains relevant, because it has high risks of malignancy and a steady tendency to increase the frequency of relapses and is inherent from 26 to 78% in women of different age categories. The objective: is to reduce the frequency of relapses of endometrial polyps by introducing a differentiated treatment strategy for patients with endometrial polyps based on the study of new pathogenesis links. Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examinations and treatment of 66 women diagnosed with endometrial polyp at the age of 24–43 years were carried out, which were further divided into two statistically equivalent groups: A (n=34) and B (n=32). All women received treatment according to the 4-stage algorithm of the current order of the Ministry of health of Ukraine No. 676 dated 31.12.2004. The difference in the management of group A patients was that their treatment was supplemented by immunomodulate therapy. At the first stage of the study, additional hysteroresectoscopy was performed, endometrial samples were obtained to determine its type of pathology, develop an immunohistochemical profile of the endometrium with the establishment of a receptor phenotype, identify the inflammatory process, and determine the state of the apoptosis system and the APUD system of the endometrium. Results. Active histological screening of the endometrial condition showed that signs of chronic endometritis (positive reaction of CD-138 and CD-68 markers) in women with endometrial polyp with physiological background endometrium were observed in 26.5% of group A patients after 3 months of treatment, which required a repeat course of treatment based on the results of viral and bacteriological examination. In group B, this rate was 46.9%. All the examined women, against the background of the use of gestagens, showed changes in the endometrial receptor phenotype, which were manifested by a decrease in the number of progesterone receptors in the glandular epithelium by an average of 1.4 times. However, the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein and EC cells had no statistical differences, since there were no signs of proliferation in the background endometrium, including local ones. Viral-bacterial screening of the study showed a sharp decrease in the number of pathogens in the endometrium, but in studies of patients of both groups, viral-bacterial associations were determined. Bacterial screening revealed the presence of anaerobic microflora. The study of the level of tumor necrosis factor in flushes from the uterine cavity indicated a unidirectional trend with the dynamics of the CD-138 index. The results of treatment of patients with endometrial polyp with physiological endometrium showed that the full effect of treatment in group A (antibacterial therapy with gestagens + immunomodulatory therapy) was determined after a year in 85.2% of patients, 14.8% of women had a relapse of endometrial polyp, in the group where patients received only antibacterial therapy with gestagens – a relapse was diagnosed in 37.5% of patients. Conclusion. Determining the tactics of differentiated treatment of endometrial polyps, it is necessary to take into account the results of immunohistochemical research and viral-bacterial control of the endometrial condition, which allows improving the results of treatment of endometrial polyps from 62.5% to 85.2 %, and is a prevention of relapse of endometrial polyp. Key words: endometrial polyps, hysteroscopy, endometrial immunohistochemical examination, apoptosis system, endometrial APUD system, viral-bacterial screening.