PENGARUH UMUR PANEN RIMPANG TERHADAP PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGI DAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: RUSMIN DEVI , SUHARTANTO M.R. , ILYAS SATRIYAS , MANOHARA DYAH , WIDAJATI ENY 
Published: October 2016

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Salah satu faktor yang menentukan daya simpan benih jahe putih<br />besar (JPB) adalah mutu. Mutu benih sangat ditentukan oleh tingkat<br />kemasakan rimpang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh<br />umur panen terhadap perubahan fisiologi dan viabilitas benih selama<br />penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium<br />Teknologi Benih, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat serta<br />Laboratorium Pascapanen IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Juli 2012 sampai<br />dengan Februari 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap<br />(RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah tiga tingkat umur<br />panen benih 7, 8, dan 9 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukan<br />terhadap perubahan fisiologis (penyusutan bobot, persentase rimpang<br />bertunas, tunas, kadar air, dan laju respirasi), serta viabilitas rimpang benih<br />(daya tumbuh, tinggi, dan bobot kering bibit). Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan rimpang benih umur 7 dan 8 BST mempunyai daya simpan<br />terbaik karena menghasilkan masing-masing total angka penyusutan bobot<br />lebih rendah (24,65 dan 25,25%) dan tunas lebih pendek (0,30 dan 1,08<br />cm) dibandingkan dengan umur panen 9 BST (27,13% dan 1,62 cm),<br />selama 4 bulan disimpan. Masa dormansi rimpang benih JPB mulai pecah<br />setelah mengalami periode simpan 2 bulan. Pertumbuhannya mulai<br />seragam setelah 3 bulan simpan. Umur panen jahe 7 dan 8 BST<br />mempunyai derajat dormansi yang lebih tinggi dibanding 9 BST. Rimpang<br />benih umur panen 7, 8, dan 9 BST mempunyai daya tumbuh tinggi (&gt;95%)<br />dan pertumbuhan bibit seragam setelah 3 bulan disimpan.<br />Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc., penyimpanan, benih, perubahan<br />fisiologis, viabilitas</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />One of the factors that determine the storability of seed rhizome of<br />white big ginger (WBG) is quality. The quality is determined by the<br />maturity levels of seed rhizome. The aim of the experiment was to observe<br />the effect of harvesting time on physiological changes and seed viability of<br />WBG seed rhizomes during the storage. The experiment was conducted at<br />Green House and Seed Technology Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and<br />Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor and Postharvest Laboratory,<br />IPB, from July 2012 to February 2013. The experiment was arranged in a<br />completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments<br />tested were three levels of WBG seed rhizome harvesting time: 7, 8, and 9<br />month after planting (MAP). Variables observed were physiological<br />changes of seed rhizomes during the storage (weight loss, sprouting<br />percentage, shoot height, respiration rate, and moisture content) and<br />viability (growth ability, height, and dry weight of the seedling). The<br />results showed that seed rhizomes at 7 and 8 had the best storability, since<br />it was produced each low rate of weight loss (24.65 and 25.25%), and<br />shoots shorter (0.3 and 1.08 cm) than 9 MAP (27.13% and 1.62 cm), for 4<br />months in storage. Dormancy of WBG seed rhizomes has been broken<br />after 2 months in storage. Harvesting at 7 and 8 showed a degree of<br />dormancy higher than the harvesting age 9 MAP. Harvesting time at 7, 8,<br />and 9 MAP had high growth ability (&gt; 95%) and uniform seedling growth<br />after 3 months in storage.<br />Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc., storage, seed, physiological<br />changes, viability</p>