bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Urban Planning Projects Criteria Using Fuzzy AHP Technique
Authors: Kamas Walid Mustafa , Naji Hafeth I. , Hasan Aya A.
Published: July 2023

In this research,  Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process technique is applied (Fuzzy AHP) which is one of  multi-criteria decision making techniques to evaluate the criteria for urban planning projects, the project of developing master plan of Al-Muqdadiyah city to 2035 has been chosen as a case study. The researcher prepared a list of criteria in addition to the authorized departments criteria and previous researches in order to choose optimized master plan according to these criteria. This research aims at employing the foundations of (Fuzzy AHP) technique in evaluating urban planning criteria precisely and flexible. The results of the data analysis to the individuals of the sample who are specialists, in this aspect.  The land use criteria are more important than the rest of the criteria in these projects, where it received the relative importance with percentile (42.1 %).
Influence of Internal Sulfate Attack on Some Properties of Self Compacted Concrete
Authors: Al-Obaidy Hadeel Khalid Awad
Published: July 2023

Self-compacted concrete (SCC) is a highly flowable concrete, with no segregation which can be spread into place by filling the structures framework and permeate the reinforcement without any compaction or mechanical consolidation ACI 237R-14. One of the most important problems faced by concrete industry in Iraq and Gulf Arab land is deterioration due to internal sulfate attack (ISA) that causes damage of concrete and consequently reduces its compressive strength, increases expansion and may lead to its cracking and destruction. The experimental program was focused to study two ordinary Portland cements with different chemical composition with (5, 10 and 15) % percentage of high reactivity metakaoline (HRM) as a cement replacement and with W/Cm ratio 0.35. The SCC mixes with AL Shemalia OPC cement that produced in Saudi Arabia (C3 A=7.02%) shows higher resistance to ISA than mixes with Tasluja OPC cement that is produced in Iraq (C3 A=4.13%).  The results indicate that the SCC mixes containing 15% HRM shows higher opposition to ISA. A good correlation was obtained between concrete splitting tensile strength and compressive strength from the results of this study.
Effect of Construction Joints on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Jabir Hussain Askar , Salman Thaar Sauid , Mhalhal Jasim Mahmood
Published: July 2023

In this study, the effect of construction joints on the performance of reinforced concrete beams was experimentally investigated. Seven beam specimens, with dimensions of 200×100×1000 mm, were fabricated. The variables were considered including; the location and configuration of the joints. One beam was cast without a joint (Reference specimen), two specimens were fabricated with a one horizontal joint located either at tension, or compression zone. The fourthbeam had two horizontal joints placed at tension, and compression area. The remaining specimens were with one or two inclined joints positioned at the shear span or beam’s mid-span. The specimens were subjected to a monotonic central concentrated loading until the failure. The results of the experimental program indicated that the best location of the construction joint is at the compression zone. The presence of the horizontal construction joint at tension zone resultedin a reduction in strength of beams, about 5% - 7.5%, relative to the reference beam. However, the inclined construction joint had a little effect on the collapse load of beams, about 1.25% -2.5%.
Sustainable Roadway Planning: A Model for a Proposed Rating System in Iraq
Authors: Alsaffar Angham Ezzulddin , Lafta Dua'a Mouiad
Published: July 2023

The goal of the research is to develop a sustainable rating system for roadway projects in Iraq for all of the life cycle stages of the projects which are (planning, design, construction and operation and maintenance). This paper investigates the criteria and its weightings of the suggested roadway rating system depending on sustainable planning activities. The methodology started in suggesting a group of sustainable criteria for planning stage and then suggesting weights from (1-5) points for each one of it. After that data were collected by using a closed questionnaire directed to the roadway experts group in order to verify the criteria weightings based on the relative importance of the roadway related impacts that each credit addresses. Statistical analysis for expert's answers have been evaluated by using factor analysis method to ensure the compatibility and validity of credits selected for the rating system and the actual weights conducted for each criteria by using the factor analysis method by using SPSS program V.19. Finally the researcher put the details for each criterion that contain from aim, requirements and strategies. The researcher reached to that the study of the all life cycle stages is important to make a clear comparison between the roles of the criteria in different stages.
Biotreatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater Accompanied with Electrcity Generation and Nutrients Recovery in Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Ismail Zainab Ziad , Mohammed Ali Jassim
Published: July 2023

In recent years and decades, there is a great need for developing new alternative energy sources or renewable sustainable energy. On the other hand, new technology approaches are growing . towards benefits from the valuable nutrients in wastewater which are unrecoverable by traditional wastewater treatment processes.  In the current study, a novel integrated system of microbial fuel cell and anoxic bioreactor (MFC-ANB) was designed and constructed to investigate its potential for slaughterhouses wastewater treatment, nitrogen recovery, and power generation. The system consisted of a double-chamber tubular type MFC with biocathode inoculated with freshly collected activated sludge. The MFC-ANB system was continuously fed with real-field slaughterhouse wastewater, with initial concentrations of COD and ammonium were 990 mg/L and 200 mg-N/L, respectively. The MFC-ANB system was operated for a total period of 43 days. Maximum removal efficiencies of COD, ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen recovery, Columbic efficiency, and power generation were 99%, 99.3%, 100%, 100%, 13.37% and 162.22 mW/m2 , respectively.
The Effect of Fin Design on Thermal Performance of Heat Sink
Authors: Jaffal Hayder Mohammad
Published: July 2023

An experimental and computational study is conducted to analyze the thermal performance of heat sinks and to pick up more profound information in this imperative field in the electronic cooling. One important approach to improve the heat transfer on the air-side of the heat exchanger is to adjust the fin geometry. Experiments are conducted to explore the impact of the changing of diverse operational and geometrical parameters on the heat sink thermalperformance. The working fluid used is air. Operational parameters includes: air Reynolds number (from 23597 to 3848.9) and heat flux (from 3954 to 38357 W/m2 ). Conformational parameters includes: change the direction of air flow and the area of conduction/convection. Six . parallel plate heat sinks are fabricated and tested in small wind tunnel: flat plate, cross-cut, perforated, perforated cross-cut, zigzag and serpentine. Three-dimensional numerical simulations using commercial available FLUENT 15 software, based on the Navier–Stokes equations standard k-ε applied turbulence model and energy equation, are acquired for forced convection of air in same heat sinks under the same experimental conditions. It is found that the numerical prediction of base temperature is in good agreement with experimental data. Results show that the Reynolds number has a significant effect on the thermal performance of the system. With increasing free stream velocity, the heat transfer coefficient increases and consequently the thermal resistance decreases. Furthermore, it is found that the heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistance are depending on heat flux. From the comparison analysis of various geometries of heat sinks, the perforated-cut heat sink showed the best thermal performance indicated heights Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient, lowest thermal resistance.
Study the effect of microbial factor on the qualities and characteristics of Novolak composite material, reinforced glass fibers / Asbestos fibers.
Authors: Abbas Rola Abdul Khader , ALSaleh Saleh Abdol Reza , Agil Asirae atiya
Published: July 2023

The study was reflection of the impact of the widespread use of polymer Novolak composite reinforced  Glass fiber and Asbestos fiber once again with weight fraction 60% on the physical properties, which included (Hardness, Compressive deformation, compressive modulus of elasticity, Flexural modulus of elasticity, Resilience modulus, the maximum of Flexural strength, Flexural strain energy and Shear strength inner layers); it is known how much important the media as a source of bacterial contamination, which contributes directly or indirectly in the process of aging of these materials. These Novolak composite reinforced,  prepared by weight fraction of (10%) and (14%) of the Hexamethylene-tetraamine (HMTA) hardener material. It showed the results of the comparison, the composite prepared to offer bacterial media, negatively effect on Hardness, Compressive strengths, Flexural strength and Flexural strain stored energy  The research also concluded clear results, which is that there is the possibility to delay the aging process of the presence of bacterial circles, using glass fibers in the polymer Novolak composite reinforced, more than it is the use of asbestos fiber. And increase the weight fraction of hardener material to be 14%, coefficient of resilience reversal less than it is in the rest of the models, which leads to raise the value of the work done at the end of proportionality.
Evaluating the Performance of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Mixture for Base Course in Iraq
Authors: Albayati Amjad H. K. , Lateif Roaa H.
Published: July 2023

In the 1980s, the French Administration Roads LCPC developed high modulus mixtures (EME) by using hard binder. This type of mixture presented good resistance to moisture damage and improved . mechanical properties for asphalt mixtures including high modulus, good fatigue behaviour and excellent resistance to rutting. In Iraq, this type of mixture has not been used yet. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of high modulus mixtures and comparing them with the conventional mixture, to achieve this objective, asphalt concrete mixes were prepared and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties which include moisture damage, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. These properties have been evaluated using indirect tensile strength, uniaxial repeated loading and repeated flexural beam tests. EME mixes were found to have improved fatigue and permanent deformation characteristics, also showed more resistance to moisture damage than conventional mix by 9.3 percent and the resilient modulusat temperature 60 oC increased by 63 percent. The general theme viewed from the results of this study has added to local knowledge the ability to produce more durable asphalt concrete mixtures with better serviceability using EME mixes.
Experimental Evaluation of the Strut-and-Tie Model Applied to Deep Beam with Near-Load Openings
Authors: Fadhil Aqeel Talib
Published: July 2023

It is commonly known that Euler-Bernoulli’s thin beam theorem is not applicable whenever a nonlinear distribution of strain/stress occurs, such as in deep beams, or the stress distribution is discontinuous. In order to design the members experiencing such distorted stress regions, the Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) could be utilized. In this paper, experimental investigation of STM technique for three identical small-scale deep beams was conducted. The beams were simply supported and loaded statically with a concentrated load at the mid span of the beams. These deep beams had two symmetrical openings near the application point of loading. Both the deep beam, where the stress distribution cannot be assumed linear, and the existence of the openings, which causes stress discontinuity, make the use of Euler-Bernoulli’s thin beam theorem not applicable. An idealized STM for the beam was first established and then experimental test was carried out to study the capability of STM to deal with the distortion of stress caused by the presence of near-load openings in addition to the nonlinear distribution of stress occurring in deep beam. The test results showed that the beam designed using STM was able to withstand a load higher than the designed ultimate load. The service load, in the other hand, was within the range of the estimated one. The outcome of this study can then be added to the relatively few available experimental studies related to STM technique to enhance the validation of STM to efficiently treat different structural configurations where the linear stress assumption cannot be applied.
Mismanagement Reasons of the Projects Execution Phase
Authors: Al-Agele Hatem Khaleefah , Ali Abdulmajeed Jafar
Published: July 2023

The execution phase  of the project is most dangerous and the most drain on the resources during project life cycle, therefore, its need to monitor and control by specialists to exceeded obstructions and achieve the project goals. The study aims to detect the actual reasons behind mismanagement of the execution phase. The study begins with theoretical part, where it deals with the concepts of project, project selection, project management, and project processes. Field part consists of three techniques: 1- brainstorming, 2- open interviews with experts and 3- designed questionnaire (with 49 reason. These reasons result from brainstorming and interviewing with experts.), in order to find the real reasons behind mismanagement of the execution phase. The most important reasons which are negatively impact on management of the execution phase that proven by the study were (Inability of company to meet project requirements because it's specialized and / or large project, Multiple sources of decision and overlap in powers, Inadequate planning, Inaccurate estimation of cost, Delayed cash flows by owners, Poor performance of project manager, inefficient decision making process, and the Negative impact of people in the project area). Finally, submitting a set of recommendations which will contribute to overcome the obstructions of successful management of the execution phase.
Comparison the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials (Al /SiC and Al/ B4C) Produced by Powder Technology
Authors: Salman Khansaa Dawood
Published: July 2023

In this investigation, metal matrix composites (MMCs) were manufactured by using powder technology. Aluminum 6061 is reinforced with two different ceramics particles (SiC and B4C) with different volume fractions as (3, 6, 9 and 12 wt. %). The most important applications of particulate reinforcement of aluminum matrix are: Pistons, Connecting rods etc. The specimens were prepared by using aluminum powder with 150 µm in particle size and SiC, B4C powder with 200 µm in particle size. The chosen powders were mixed by using planetary mixing setup at 250 rpm for 4hr.with zinc stearate as an activator material in steel ball milling. After mixing process the powders were compacted by hydraulic unidirectional press type (Leybold Harris No. 36110) at 250 Kg/cm2 according to (ASTM-D 618). Finally the green compacts were sintered at 500  for 3 hr. by using electrical furnace with argon atmosphere. There are many examinations and tests were done for the produced metal matrix composites (MMCS), (Al/ SiC and Al/B4C) such as examination of the microstructure, mechanical tests (hardness and compressive strength), physical tests (density test before and after sintering, also porosity test). The results of this investigation showed that improving the physical properties (theoretical density, experimental density, porosity) and mechanical properties (Rockwell hardness and compressive strength).
Buckling Loads and Effective Length Factor for Non-Prismatic Columns
Authors: Ibrahim Taghreed Hassan
Published: July 2023

Based on a finite element analysis using Matlab coding, eigenvalue problem has been formulated and solved for the buckling analysis of non-prismatic columns. Different numbers of elements per column length have been used to assess the rate of convergence for the model. Then the proposed model has been used to determine the critical buckling load factor () for the idealized supported columns based on the comparison of their buckling loads with the corresponding hinge supported columns . Finally in this study the critical buckling factor () under end force (P) increases by about 3.71% with the tapered ratio increment of 10% for different end supported columns and the relationship between normalized critical load and slenderness ratio was generalized.
Impact of Preparing HMA with Modified Asphalt Cement on Moisture and Temperature Susceptibility
Authors: Hadi Sahar Safaa
Published: July 2023

Many researchers tried to prevent or reduce moisture damage and its sensitivity to temperature to improving the performance of hot mix asphalt because it is decreasing the functional and structural life of fixable pavement due to the moisture damage had exposed to it.

The main objective of this study is to inspect the effect of (fly ash “3%, 6%, 12%”, hydrated lime”5%, 10%, 20%” and silica fumes”1%, 2%, 4%) referring to previous research by the net weight asphalt cement as a modified material on the moisture and temperature sensitivity of hot mix asphalt. This was done using asphalt from AL-Nasiria refinery with penetration grade 40-50, nominal maximum size (12.5) mm (surface course) of aggregate and one type of mineral fillers (limestone dust) with 7%.

To achieve the requirements of this study, the indirect tensile strength test according to (AASHTO T 283) criteria and compressive strength test were adopted to evaluate the index of retained strength according to (ASTM D 1075) to identify the moisture damage as well as indirect tensile strength test to evaluate sensitivity to temperature of the hot mix asphalt using modification and net asphalt.

These tests showed that there is a significant evolution in the resistance to moisture damage and decrease in the sensitivity to temperature of hot mix asphalt with modifying asphalt compared to the reference mixture.
Modelling and Optimization of Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Phosphoric Acid by Red Pomegranate Peels Aqueous Extract
Authors: Rashid Khalid Hamid , Shakor Zaidoon Muhsen , Ahmed Ayad Bahaddin
Published: July 2023

Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M H3PO4 solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing, temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements were designed by construction a L9 orthogonal arrangement of experiments.   Results of the efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of variance (ANOVA).  The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software package to find the optimal conditions for inhibitor usage. Second order polynomial model was used for experimental data fitting. Optimum conditions for achieving the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency are obtained from optimizing the above model and are found as follow: 39.66 °C temperature of acidic media, 38.29 ml/L inhibitor concentration and 2.95 h contact period. Results demonstrated that rate of corrosion was increased with temperature increasing & decreasing inhibitor concentration.  It was concluded that the Taguchi design was adequately useful in the optimization of operating parameters and that RPP sufficiently inhibited the corrosion of steel at the range of variables studied.
Development the Mechanical Properties of (AL-Li-Cu) Alloy
Authors: AlNaimi Ihsan Kadhom , Ali Awatif Mustafa
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research is to develop mechanical properties of a new aluminium-lithium-copper alloy. This alloy prepared under control atmosphere by casting in a permanent metal mould. The microstructure was examined and mechanical properties were tested before and after heat treatment to study the influence of heat treatment on its mechanical properties including; modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, impact, and fatigue. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity of the prepared alloy is higher than standard alloy about 2%. While the alloy that heat treated for 6 h and cooled in water, then showed a higher ultimate tensile stress comparing with as-cast alloy. The homogenous heat treatment gives best fatigue behaviour comparing with as-cast and other heat treatment alloys. Also, the impact test illustrates that the homogeneous heat treatment alloy gives the highest value.
THE LIVENTSOVSKAYA AND KARATAEVSKAYA FORTRESSES: LINES OF SYNCHRONISATION WITH MONUMENTS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS AND THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA COAST
Authors:   OOO «Southarchaeology», Oksana P. Larenok
Published: July 2023

The article presents the result of a comparative analysis of the materials of the kamensko-liventsovskaya group of monuments the final of Middle Bronze Age. The discovery of Liven-tsovskaya and Karataevskaya fortresses in the lower reaches of the Don in the 1960s by S.N. Bratchenko allowed a new look at the antiquities of the final of Middle Bronze Age. The two forti-fications, situated on the right bank of the Mertvyi Donets river, are a single defensive complex. When comparing the Lower Don fortress materials with finds from the Kamenka settlement in the Eastern Crimea, S.N. Bratchenko came to the conclusion that they differ from other synchronous phenomena. As a result, the scientist distinguishes these monuments into a separate culture – the kamensko-liventsovskaya group. Similar materials were also found in the settlement and burial complexes of the North Caucasus. The discovery of new monuments of the final of Middle Bronze Age in the Northern Black Sea area and the North Caucasus made it possible to consider the ka-mensko-liventsovskaya monuments differently in the general interconnection of the post-Cathacombian cultures. On the basis of comparative and comparative method similar to the ka-mensko-liventsovskaya materials are given and as a consequence the reconstruction of possible contacts between the territories of the Lower Don – Northern Black Sea Region – Northern Cauca-sus.
Transformation of funeral and funeral rites and rituals of Kabardinians of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in the early 20s of the XXI century
Authors:   Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Diana R. Lakunova
Published: July 2023

The article covers Kabardian funeral customs in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The Kabardi-ans have three stages of funeral practice: pre-burial, funeral, and funeral rite. To identify trans-formations, pre-burial rites are analyzed in most detail, where ideas about the soul, attitudes to-wards the deceased and his body, as well as prohibitions associated with death are clearly traced. A detailed description and interpretation of modern rituals is necessary to identify and analyze the transformations occurring in the spiritual sphere of Kabardian society. The last decade has seen an increase in Islamic traditions in Kabardian funeral rituals, despite globalization and changes in ethno-cultural values.
On the meeting of Nicholas I with local residents during the trip to the Caucasus (1837) in the documents and works of pre-revolutionary authors
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zuleikha Zh. Glasheva
Published: July 2023

The article examines the Emperor’s Nicholas I of Russia travels through the Caucasus in a diffi-cult situation.. By the end of the 30-s XIX century, the need for radical transformations in politics in the Caucasus was realized not only by local officials but also by St. Petersburg. The emperor planned a trip to become acquainted with the state of events in the Caucasus. With Nicholas I’s tour across the Caucasus, hopes for the conclusion of the Caucasian War and the region’s final “peace” were intertwined. There was no unity in the mountain community; one faction favored reconciliation, while the other supported the continuation of military opposition to the Russian Empire’s growth in the region. The purpose of the trip was to get to know the highlanders and ne-gotiate with them. The highlanders presented to the emperor were in the category of “peaceful,” many of them had military ranks, some went through Amanatstvo. Most of the deputies contacted the military or civil administration in the Caucasus, had ideas about Russian culture.The list of deputies identified in the Russian Military Historical Archive and delivered to the Emperor in Vladikavkaz, Stavropol, and Yekaterinodar is included in the appendix. These lists are of signifi-cant scholarly relevance because they allow us to declare with certainty that by the end of the nineteenth century, the Caucasian administration had inspected the ethnic composition of the North Caucasian peoples. The documents in the appendix have been published while retaining the original’s stylistic and archaeographic qualities.
Problems of documenting medieval epigraphic monuments of North Caucasus (using the example of the Karachay-Cherkessian Republic)
Authors:   Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laura A. Nagoeva
Published: July 2023

The article handles the medieval epigraphic monuments problem using petroglyphs and unidenti-fiable writings on the territory of the North Caucasus. We consider the main known epigraphic monuments of Karachay-Cherkessia, discovered from the beginning of the 20th century to the pre-sent day. The accumulated research experience is considered and the main methods of fixing and documenting the detected objects are characterized. The features of the interpretation of these monuments in the scientific literature and several key methodological problems are identified. Despite the cultural and historical significance of monuments for the region, today the problem of their fragmentation and the lack of a set of monuments in a single information system remains. The need for the use of modern information technology methods for further documentation of monuments and their advantages in the study and classification of inscriptions are being updated.
Pshikan Shekikhachev in his memoirs Khazesha Shogenov
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Sci-entific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Inna A. Kazharova
Published: July 2023

This work publishes for the first time the memoirs of representatives of first generation Soviet teachers, an expert and collector of Adyghe folklore Khazesha Shogenov about his friend, poet and playwright Pshikan Shekikhachev. The memoirs are translated into Russian and are preceded by several comments. In particular, based on archival data, the biography of the author of the mem-oirs is summarized. Semantic accents are revealed due to the need to meet the ideological expec-tations of that time period in which Kh. Shogenov recorded his memories, and regarding this, ste-reotypes are revealed, fixed in the assessments of P. Shekikhachev’s ideological attitudes. Some names and details concerning the time of stay of P. Shekikhachev and Kh. Shogenov in Dagestan are being clarified. Described by Kh. Shogenov compares the image with the characteristics left by other contemporaries of P. Shekikhachev.
The peculiarity of the artistic conflict in the historical dramas of Zh. Tokumaeva «The Plague» and D. Mamchuyeva «Akbilek – the last star of Alanya»
Authors:   GKU «KBR – Media», Asiat M. Sarakueva
Published: July 2023

The article is the first attempt in the Karachay-Balkar literary criticism to analyze the historical dramas of Zh. Tokumaeva “The Plague” and D. Mamchuyeva “Akbilek – the last star of Alanya”. This category, having arisen at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, has not become the object of re-search by specialists yet. Its appearance was because of large-scale developments in society and a visible increase in interest in issues of ethnic identity and self-identification. The transition to a new evolutionary stage of national drama naturally began with an appeal to previously forbidden topics, during that time, several tragedies were created immediately devoted to deportation, reli-gious issues, previously closed moments in the history of the Karachay-Balkarian people. Conflict institutionalizes stage literature to a much greater extent than any other genre, which determines the purpose of this article - to identify various types of conflict and conflict ty-pology in works from the perestroika and post-perestroika periods. Several types of conflict opposition were identified during the research, using genre-typological and comparative-historical approaches: unconditional antagonism, struggle for power, clashes between feeling and duty, between “their own”, love, political, moral confrontation, and so on. It also became clear that historical drama is not limited to depicting only significant moments from an ethnic group’s heroic past, military actions - these plays are relevant and contemporary to the social, socio-political, and philosophical issues raised in them thus far. National dramatists with no experience in mastering this topic failed to complete the task set for them equally suc-cessfully (Zh. Tokumaev), but D. Mamchueva in the play “Akbilek - the last star of Alanya” over-came all the difficulties of the tragic genre and created a highly artistic work that meets the re-quirements of drama theory.
Some information about the military-political and administrative activities of general I.D. Popko in the Caucasus (1847-1878)
Authors:   Dinskoy Mechanical and Technological College, Igor V. Dubinin , Igor G. Ivantsov ,   Krasnodar Higher Military School named after S.M. Shtemenko
Published: July 2023

The historian, bibliophile, writer and enlightener, lieutenant general of the Kuban Cossack army, I.D. Popko’s main professional occupation was not archival research and writing historical works, nor the organization of libraries and museums, but the military - political and administrative de-tails that occurred in the North Caucasus and partially in Transcaucasia. It was professional activi-ty that enabled I.D. Popko with financial freedom, allowing him to engage in all the above cases, which was another undeniable ability of the Caucasian Cossack chronicler. The article attempts to explore the life and activity of I.D. Popko through the prism of his professional activity, which lasted over three decades. The material for the article was the official correspondence of the gen-eral and his personal documents (letters).
Imaged field "horse" in Alim Keshokov's poetry
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov, Karina S. Tkhakakhova
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to the archetypal image of the “horse” and the features of its artistic im-plementation in the poetic work of Alim Keshokov, a classicist of Kabardian literature. The article contains two logically interconnected parts. The first part provides a brief overview of hippologi-cal plots in the historical and ethnographic works of foreign and domestic caucasologists, as well as in the prose of M.Yu. Lermontov. The second is an analytical part in a systematic form, through the prism of historical poetics, the typology of the symbolic images of the “horse” in the poetry of A. Keshokov is studied. The content of the article is determined by the alignment of the diachron-ic cut of hippological motifs from naturalistic zoomorphic samples to astral ones. The results of the analysis, the following forms of semantic conceptualization of the mythologeme “horse” in the works of A. Keshokov were established - “rapid pace of life”, “nostalgia for the patriarchal world”, “resistance to civilization”, “emotional connection with the motherland”, “proximity to nature”, “ creative individuality of the artist”, “actualization of ecological collisions”, “priority of the spiritual over the material”. The article also notes a single case of deformation of the arche-typal image of the “horse” in the practice of literary translation.
Historical and cultural stages of development of Kabardino-Circassian children's literature
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Khamisha T. Timizhev , Naima B. Bozieva ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Published: July 2023

This article examines the historical and cultural stages of the development of Kabardino-Circassian children’s literature. The main attention is paid to the inseparable connection of educa-tion and upbringing of children. The work focuses on the fact that children’s literature is a part of fiction, with its own characteristics arising from its educational and academic tasks: it enriches young readers’ understanding of the past and present of their people, helps to assimilate high mor-al principles, reveals the beauty of a man’s feat in the name of the Motherland. The study of the evolutionary development of children’s literature is dictated by the requirements of deep scien-tific coverage of literary process and tasks of further development of national literature. The rele-vance of the research is determined by the insufficient study of children’s literature, the need to fill the existing gap in modern Adyghe literary studies. This article also defines the term “chil-dren’s literature”, provides views of Russian and foreign scientists, examines the first works in the Adyghe language of Circassian educators. During the study, a set of scientific methods was ap-plied, including comparative-historical, description, literary analysis. The results obtained can be used in further research of the history of Adyghe (Kabardino-Circassian) children’s literature, as well as the development of special courses and research in the field of national philology.
Nogai fairy tale epic: genesis and evolution of genres
Authors:   Karachay-Cherkessia Institute for Humanities Research under the Governmen of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Nasipkhan Kh. Suyunova ,   U.D. Aliev Karachay-Cherkessia State University
Published: July 2023

The article summarizes some observations made by the author on the texts of authentic materials and gives conclusions related to the genesis, history of evolution, characteristics and distinction criteria of Nogai fairy tale epic genres: fantasy fairy tales, animal fairy tales, and home-life fairy tales. Based on well-known works of researchers-structuralists, relics of ancient rituals and rites, myths, and ancient beliefs surviving to the present day are highlighted in the texts of Nogai fairy tales, while also emphasizing their relationship with the social history of tribes and peoples. Since the genesis of folklore genres dates back to a quite distant pre-national period, and as the genres undergo then a long process of evolution common to many peoples, the Nogai tale is studied as part of the world and Turkic fairy tale epic. Observations and conclusions are illustrated with ma-terials taken from the original texts of multi-genre Nogai fairy tale prose. A significant place is given to unpublished archive materials and newly recorded texts of Nogai fairy tales.
The European Union and the South Caucasus in the Context of the Energy Crisis
Authors:   Rostov State University of Economics, Igor M. Uznarodov , Viktor V. Klochkov ,   Southern Federal University
Published: July 2023

The XXI century has witnessed the European Union's heightened focus towards transitioning to an eco-friendly economy rooted in energy sector that is both efficient and environmentally sustaina-ble. In spite of the ongoing efforts, an energy crisis commenced on the European continent in 2021. This was caused by the swift substitution of hydrocarbon energy carriers with renewable energy sources and the sudden cessation of nuclear energy. The situation has been significantly worsened by anti-Russian sanctions and bans on the import of Russian energy carriers. The article shows the main milestones of the EU’s general policy towards the states of the South Caucasus in the XXI century, discusses the plans of the EU leadership to use the energy re-sources of the South Caucasus to bring the energy sector out of the current crisis. Azerbaijan’s ex-port opportunities in terms of energy carriers are analyzed, as well as the role of Georgia and Tur-key as transit states. The presence of serious problems related to the capacity of existing oil and gas pipelines has been revealed. It is concluded that Azerbaijani energy carriers will not be able to replace Russian ones in the near future.
Kabardian public sum in political practices of local self-government in the Kabardian (Nalchik) district in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Institute for Humanitarian studies – branch Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitry N. Prasolov
Published: July 2023

Based on archival documents and materials of pre-revolutionary periodicals, examples of political use of the Kabardian public sum are examined. This financial institution was formed as a mone-tary fund, which was managed by the authorities of the Central Caucasus Line. court deputies were involved in its management, and later the drawing up of decisions on allocations from the public fund became the function of the congress of entrusted rural societies, whose decisions were ap-proved by the crown regional or all-Caucasus superiors. Within the framework of the considered theme, allocations from the means of sum for maintenance of the activity of public officials, payment of expenses on participation of the Kabardian and Balkarian proxies in various public-political events, financing of various forms of political socialization and ideological maintenance of the subject political culture were revealed. At the expense of Sum funds, technological modern-ization of the communication capabilities of the district authorities and local self-government was carried out. The conclusion that in the practices of the congresses of confidants, Sum acted as a key financial resource through which the co-financing of regional political tasks was provided is substantiated. In the socio-state interaction organized by crown authorities and local self-government, first through the congresses of trusted rural societies, the political and cultural expe-rience of Kabardinians and Balkars in organizing and improving the management of joint life within the framework of the Nalchik district expanded.
«Being a real defender of the Karanogay people… from any oppression». (Materials for the biog-raphy of the Karanogay manager F.I. Kapelgorodsky)
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of For-eign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Sergey B. Manyshev , Mikhail A. Volkhonsky ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of For-eign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Akhmet A. Yarlykapov ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of For-eign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

The article reveals the main stages of the life path of the last Karanogay manager Philip Iosifovich Kapelgorodsky (1882–1938) – a person whose merits in the arrangement of the Nogai steppe at the beginning of the XX century are unfairly forgotten. The little-studied aspects of his activities as an imperial administrator are highlighted with the involvement of archival data and memoirs. Separate episodes from the biography of F.I. Kapelgorodsky, which determined the turns of his life. His significant contribution to the organization of education in the Nogai steppe, the study and description of the culture, customs, way of life of the Nogais is indicated. A brief description and analysis of his activities during the Soviet period is also given. In addition, the track record of F.I. Kapelgorodsky in 1915, extracted from the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Ar-chive, which allows us to clarify some biographical data.
The mountain movement and the white army in the North Caucasus in 1918-1919: the history of the failed union
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Forestry Engineering University, Alexander V. Nikolaev
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the problems related to the possible military-political alliance of the White Guards of the south of Russia and the mountain liberal figures during 1918-1919. It is proved that the prospects for such a combination of efforts were fully justified. Throughout 1917, the mountain and Terek Cossack leaders established quite successful relations based on a general rejection of the growing influence of the Bolsheviks in the Caucasus region. Attention is focused on the successful episodes of the anti-Bolshevik struggle: the Provisional Terek-Dagestan gov-ernment, the Terek anti-Bolshevik uprising of 1918, the armed struggle against the Bolsheviks in the North Caucasus. Conclusions are drawn that despite the obvious mutual benefit from joining forces to fight the Bolsheviks, the political ambitions of the leadership of the White Guards and mountain activists prevailed and eventually led to the defeat of all anti-Bolshevik forces in the North Caucasus.
Solving an integral equation via intuitionistic fuzzy bipolar metric spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India, Mani Gunaseelan , Gnanaprakasam Arul Joseph ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kausar Nasreen ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler 34220, Istanbul, Turkey, Munir Muhammad ,   Department of Mathematics, Government Postgraduate College, Abbottabad, Pakistan, Khan Salma ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University Mansehra 21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Ozbilge Ebru ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200 Kuwait
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy bipolar metric space and prove fixed point theorems. Our results are an extension or generalization of results proved in the literature. The derived results are substantiated with suitable examples and an application.
A Preliminary mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase-I-based phylogeographic and phylogenetic analysis of Eurasian Acanthocinus griseus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: ABBASZADA Aynur , UÇKAN Fevzi , SOYDABAŞ-AYOUB Havva Kübra
Published: July 2023

Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini) has long been known for its role in the decay process of the wood in the forest ecosystem, and two critical features of the species, inhabiting standing trees and being a vector of pine wood nematodes Bursaphelenchus spp., have been noted recently. Therefore, understanding the current relationships and possible migration scenarios has been further required to assess invasion risks. The present work provided a preliminary comprehension of the phylogenetic relationships of A. griseus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase-I (COI) gene region (658 bp), with sequences produced in the present study, from the specimens collected from timberyards, ports and forests of Kocaeli Province, Turkey, and with available sequences in GenBank of inhabitants of Eurasia, and of intercepted specimens in ports. The intraspecific genetic distance of A. griseus was 1.37-0,3%, while the interspecific distance was 10,79-13,37%, except the closeness of an A. griseus haplotype (AGR1) to A. sachalinensis (0,3%) more than its conspecifics (4,71-5,47%). The ML and BI analyses suggested identical topologies. The statistical parsimony network drew a reticular branching diagram without grouping across countries or geographic regions, which addresses ongoing gene flow. Most haplotypes from Turkey were clustered around a central haplotype (AGR11), which may point to a bottleneck effect. A haplotype previously intercepted in USA ports was identical to a haplotype sampled in Kocaeli. The present study suggests that the relationship between A. griseus and A. sachalinensis should be reconsidered from both morphological and molecular points of view. In addition, the possible ongoing intraspecific gene flow within A. griseus might be due to facilitated migration by the international wood trade.
Determination of useful boron content of the soils of Kırıkhan-Kumlu region of Hatay province and their relationship with some soil properties
Authors: YALÇIN Mehmet
Published: July 2023

In this study, it was aimed to determine the useful boron content of the soils of Kırıkhan-Kumlu region of Hatay province and its relationships with some physical and chemical properties. For this purpose, a total of 60 soil samples were taken from 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths and from 30 different points to represent the study area. The pH, total salt, composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), lime, organic matter and useful boron contents of the soils were determined.
According to the results of the research; pH contents of the soils were 7.95-8.43; total salt contents 0.009-0.115 %; clay contents 18.88-74.16 %; sand contents 7.12-59.84 %; silt contents 15.28-52.72 %; lime contents 0.47-26.59 %; organic matter contents 1.16-6.08 %; CEC contents 22.26-72.83 me/100 g and useful boron contents 0.10-1.25 mg/kg. In terms of useful boron content of Kırıkhan-Kumlu soils of Hatay province, it was determined that 50.00 % of them were very low, 40.00 % were low and 10.00 % were sufficient at 0-20 cm depth and 50.00 % of them were very low, 43.34 % were low and 6.66 % were sufficient at 20-40 cm depth. While a positive significant relationship was determined between useful boron and salt, clay, lime and CEC contents of soils, a negative significant relationship was determined between useful boron and sand content. Positive significant relationships were determined between salt and clay, lime and CEC contents of the soils, while negative significant relationships were determined between salt and pH and sand contents. Positive significant relationships were determined between clay and organic matter and CEC contents of the study area soils, while negative significant relationships were determined between clay and sand and silt contents. Significant negative relationships were determined between sand and organic matter and CEC contents of the soils. At the same time, while negative significant relationships were determined between silt and CEC and lime and organic matter contents of the soils, positive significant relationships were determined between organic matter and CEC.
As a result, it was seen that the useful boron content of the soils in the study area was determined at low and very low levels above 92 % in all soils of the study area and it was seen that the useful boron content of the soils was insufficient and therefore boron fertilization should be done.
Adaptasi Indonesia Caring Dimensions Inventory (CDI): Sifat Psikometrik dan Struktur Faktor
Authors: Pragholapati Andria
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity and construct reliability on theCaring Dimensions Inventory (CDI) and examine the components and indicators that canconstruct the caring variable. The sample in this study was 127 Nursing Students. The researchdata were analyzed through the SPSS program. Based on the results of data analysis, thecomponents and indicators that build the caring variable are declared valid and reliable. Theseresults indicate that all components and indicators are able to reflect and construct caringvariables.