bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial potential of students of MBA and engineering schools in the Indian context: roles of leadership and achievement motivation
Authors: Mukesh Hasirumane Venkatesh , Prabhu Nandana , Koodamara Navin Kumar , Chakraborty Suman , Kamath Pallavi
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The central purpose of this study is to investigate the relative effects of leadership styles, i.e. transactional leadership and transformational leadership, and achievement motivation on the entrepreneurial potential of MBA and engineering students. This study also examines whether the MBA and engineering students differ in terms of their entrepreneurial potential.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has used a cross-sectional research design along with a quasi-experimental research method to investigate the study's objectives on a sample consisting of 952 engineering and business students. The study has also used the PLS-SEM approach to carry out the data analysis, and to evaluate the group differences among MBA and engineering students concerning the relationships investigated, i.e. leadership motivation-entrepreneurial potential, and achievement motivation-entrepreneurial potential.

Findings

This research has primarily made four findings. First, the study has found that there are statistically significant differences between students pursuing a business education, and those students who are seeking management education about their entrepreneurial potential. Second, this study demonstrates that leadership and achievement motivation are strongly associated with entrepreneurial potential. Third, this research shows that the achievement motivation-entrepreneurial potential is more substantial among engineering students than among business students. However, the leadership-entrepreneurial potential relationship is more influential among MBA students than among engineering students. Lastly, the effect size of leadership is small in comparison with the effect size of achievement motivation, which is substantially healthy.

Originality/value

This research has attempted to address the riddle of a leadership attribution error in the context of entrepreneurship. Accordingly, this study has demonstrated that the idea of leadership attribution error has empirical evidence in the context of entrepreneurship also. Further, this study has tried to address the “behavior-motive preeminence” dichotomy. The results of this research show that internal motivation is more reliable than external leadership behavior in cultivating the entrepreneurial potential of students.
Validation of the impact of marketing knowledge management on business performance via digital financial innovation as a mediating factor
Authors: Al-Dmour Hani , Asfour Futon , Al-Dmour Rand , Al-Dmour Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine and validate the impact of marketing knowledge management (MKM) (assets and capabilities) on business performance (BP) via the mediating role of the digital financial innovation in Jordanian commercial banks.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a literature review, recourses-based theory, knowledge-based theory and financial innovation theory, an integrated conceptual framework has been developed to guide the study. A quantitative survey approach was used, and the data was collected from 336 managers and employees in all 13 Jordanian commercial banks using online and in hand instruments. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze and verify the study variables.

Findings

The main findings revealed that the MKM had a significant positive influence on BP. Digital financial innovation acted as a partial mediators in this relationship.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to theory by filling a gap in the literature regarding the role of MKM assets and capabilities in commercial banks operating in developing countries such as Jordan. It empirically examines and validates the role of digital financial innovation as mediators between MKM and BP.
Extensive calcification in adenocarcinoma of the lung: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Fumiaki , Adachi Katsutoshi , Ito Kentaro , Iwanaka Soichi , Ohiwa Ayaka , Sakakura Yasumasa , Nishimura Tadashi , Naito Masahiro
Published: September 2020

Calcification in lung nodules usually indicates a benign lesion. Here, we report the case of a 59‐year‐old male patient with a well defined 30 mm calcified nodule in his right upper lung lobe and calcified mediastinal lymph nodes. The mass was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma by transbronchial biopsy. He received systemic chemotherapy, followed by lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. During surgery, the lymph nodes were tightly adherent to the superior vena cava with invasion of the vascular wall. Pathological diagnosis confirmed acinar adenocarcinoma and psammoma bodies (PBs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed tumor cells positive for parathyroid hormone‐related proteins 1 and 2. Calcification of primary lung adenocarcinoma is rare. We report a calcified lesion where the secretion of parathyroid hormone by the tumor may have caused the accumulation of PBs. Calcification of metastatic lymph nodes may increase the risk of adhesion, requiring care during surgery.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

Lung adenocarcinoma with extensive calcification in primary and metastatic lymph node lesions is rare and the mechanism involved is poorly understood. Of significance, calcification in our case was related to parathyroid hormone‐related proteins 1 and 2 secreted by the tumor.

What this study adds

This study suggests the potential role of parathyroid hormone‐related proteins in lung tumor calcification. The implications for clinicians are that calcified metastatic lymph nodes and tumors might be tightly fused to tissues. Therefore, surgery should be conducted with care.
Extended resections and other special cases in lung cancer surgery: Real‐world population‐based outcomes
Authors: Helminen Olli , Valo Johanna , Andersen Heidi , Söderström Johan , Sihvo Eero
Published: September 2020

Background

Lung cancer invading outside a lobe centrally or peripherally, or presenting with synchronous or metachronous tumors, requires a special approach. Here, we aimed to evaluate the rate and outcomes of surgery of these patients in a medium‐volume practice using real‐world, population‐based data.

Methods

All patients (n = 269) on whom lung cancer surgery was performed in Central Finland and Ostrobothnia between January 2013 and December 2019 were included. A total of 40 patients with sleeve (n = 18) or other extended resections (n = 9), multifocal diseases (n = 14), and other operated synchronous cancers (n = 3) required an extended or otherwise special surgical approach (extended group). Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were compared to high‐risk (n = 72) and normal patient groups (n = 157).

Results

The rate of extended resection was 14.9%. The rates of PET‐CT (95%), invasive staging (35%), and brain imaging (42.5%) were highest in extended group compared to other groups. Extended group had larger and higher rate of stage III tumors than high‐risk and normal groups. All extended group patients underwent anatomic lung resection with better lymph node yield than the other two groups, with a neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment rate of 70.0%. Major complications occurred in 7.5% in the extended group, 19.4% in the high‐risk group, and 6.4% in the normal group; at one year, alive and living at home rates were 88.2%, 83.3%, and 97.8%, and overall five‐year survival rates 75.6%, 62.4%, and 63.9% (P = 0.287), respectively.

Conclusions

After guideline‐based evaluation, a significant rate of these special cases can be resected with a low complication rate and good long‐term survival in real‐world practice.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

Extended resections for lung cancer include tumors spreading outside the lung

The rate of extended resection was 14.9% in a population‐based setting

Major complications occurred in 7.5% and five‐year survival was 75.6%

What this study adds

Complication rate and long‐term outcome were similar compared to normal patients

Guideline‐based evaluation results with excellent outcome in real‐world practice
Chitosan associated with whole raw soybean in diets for Murrah buffaloes on ruminal fermentation, apparent digestibility and nutrients metabolism
Authors: Dias Lais S. B. , Silva Dayane de S. , Carvalho Gleidson Giordano P. de , Araújo Maria Leonor G. M. L. de , Silva Fabiano F. da , Pereira Mara Lúcia A. , Gandra Jefferson R. , Lima Victor G. O. , Santos Antônio C. S. dos , Bulcão Lucas F. de A. , Leite Vagner M. , Freitas Júnior José Esler de
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and reticular flow of nutrients of buffaloes. Four ruminally‐cannulated Murrah buffaloes (351 ± 15 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was whole raw soybean (WRS), and the second factor was chitosan (CHI) with or without their inclusion in diets. Intake and apparent digestibility of ether extract (p < .01; p = .04, respectively), non‐fiber carbohydrates intake (p = .03) and apparent ruminal digestibility of dry matter (p = .01) were affected by diets. An interaction effect or tendency was observed for microbial nitrogen (p = .09), concentrations, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (p = .05), total volatile fatty acid (p = .03). Association of chitosan with whole raw soybean has potential effects as a modulator of rumen fermentation; therefore, chitosan can be applied as an alternative non‐ionophore for Murrah buffaloes.
A conceptual framework of evolutionary novelty and innovation
Authors: Erwin Douglas H.
Published: September 2020

Since 1990 the recognition of deep homologies among metazoan developmental processes and the spread of more mechanistic approaches to developmental biology have led to a resurgence of interest in evolutionary novelty and innovation. Other evolutionary biologists have proposed central roles for behaviour and phenotypic plasticity in generating the conditions for the construction of novel morphologies, or invoked the accessibility of new regions of vast sequence spaces. These approaches contrast with more traditional emphasis on the exploitation of ecological opportunities as the primary source of novelty. This definitional cornucopia reflects differing stress placed on three attributes of novelties: their radical nature, the generation of new taxa, and ecological and evolutionary impact. Such different emphasis has led to conflating four distinct issues: the origin of novel attributes (genes, developmental processes, phenotypic characters), new functions, higher clades and the ecological impact of new structures and functions. Here I distinguish novelty (the origin of new characters, deep character transformations, or new combinations) from innovation, the ecological and evolutionary success of clades. Evidence from the fossil record of macroevolutionary lags between the origin of a novelty and its ecological success demonstrates that novelty may be decoupled from innovation, and only definitions of novelty based on radicality (rather than generativity or consequentiality) can be assessed without reference to the subsequent history of the clade to which a novelty belongs. These considerations suggest a conceptual framework for novelty and innovation, involving: (i) generation of the potential for novelty; (ii) the formation of novel attributes; (iii) refinement of novelties through adaptation; (iv) exploitation of novelties by a clade, which may coincide with a new round of ecological or environmental potentiation; followed by (v) the establishment of innovations through ecological processes. This framework recognizes that there is little empirical support for either the dominance of ecological opportunity, nor abrupt discontinuities (often caricatured as ‘hopeful monsters’). This general framework may be extended to aspects of cultural and social innovation.
Simultaneously operating threats cannot predict extinction risk
Authors: Greenville Aaron C. , Newsome Thomas M. , Wardle Glenda M. , Dickman Chris R. , Ripple William J. , Murray Brad R.
Published: September 2020

Species afflicted by multiple threats are thought to face greater extinction risk. However, it is not known whether multiple threats operate antagonistically, additively, or synergistically, or whether they vary across different taxonomic and spatial scales. We addressed these questions by analyzing threats to 10,378 species in six vertebrate classes at global and regional spatial scales using network analysis. The total number of threats was a poor predictor of extinction risk, and particular combinations of threats did not predict extinction risk in the same way at different spatial scales. The exception was cartilaginous fishes, which faced increased extinction risk with increasing numbers of threats. Except for cartilaginous fishes, our findings indicate that species facing more threats than others do not face a higher risk of extinction and suggest that effective conservation will require more investment in identifying how threats and different ecosystem stressors operate together at local scales.
Improved rates of treatment success following alcohol and other drug treatment among clients who quit or reduce their tobacco smoking
Authors: Piercy Hugh , Garfield Joshua B. B. , Lubman Dan I. , Lam Tina , Manning Victoria
Published: September 2020

Introduction and Aims

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment seekers who smoke tobacco are more likely to die of tobacco‐related causes than those attributable to their primary drug of concern (PDOC), yet smoking cessation is frequently overlooked in the context of AOD treatment settings. We explored rates of AOD treatment success among participants who quit or continued smoking 12 months after initiating AOD treatment.

Design and Methods

Secondary analysis of data from a prospective multisite naturalistic outcome study of 559 smokers recruited from 21 publicly funded specialist AOD services as part of the Patient Pathways National Project.

Results

Only 7.1% of participants successfully quit smoking at 12‐month follow‐up; however, doing so was associated with a 30% increase in treatment success (i.e. reliable reductions in use of their PDOC) (χ2 = 8.74, P = 0.003) and a 21% reduction in the severity of PDOC dependence (χ2 = 4.559, P = 0.033). Furthermore, those who did not nominate tobacco as a drug of concern reported demographic characteristics indicative of greater social disadvantage.

Discussion and Conclusions

Despite low overall rates of smoking cessation, our findings suggest clients who do successfully quit have a greater likelihood of achieving reductions in PDOC use and dependence severity. These results reinforce efforts to promote more comprehensive, routine provision of smoking cessation care (i.e. counselling and nicotine replacement therapy). AOD treatment presents a crucial opportunity to deliver smoking cessation care to all clients who smoke, particularly those who are unconcerned about their use, as this group may stand to benefit most.
Evidence generated from a realist synthesis of trials on educational weight loss interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maula Asiya , Kendrick Denise , Kai Joe , Griffiths Frances
Published: September 2020

Background

Obesity and diabetes are major public health problems. Current approaches to weight loss show varying success. Complex community‐based interventions work through several interconnected stages. An individual’s actions in response to an intervention depend on many known and unknown factors, which vary among individuals.

Aim

To conduct a realist synthesis to identify in which context, for whom, in what circumstances, and how weight loss interventions work in obese or overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A total of 49 trials identified during a systematic review were subsequently analysed using realist methodology. This iterative process involved hypothesis generation about how participants within a particular context respond to an intervention’s resources producing the outcomes. We used established behaviour change theory to look for repeating themes. Theory and ‘mechanisms’ were tested against the literature on what is shown to be effective. Where established theory was lacking, we discussed issues during discussion groups with individuals living with the condition to generate our own programme theories.

Results

Mechanisms that were repeatedly identified included high‐frequency contact with those delivering the intervention, social support, education increasing awareness of diabetes‐related modifiable risk factors, motivational interviewing and counselling, goal‐setting, self‐monitoring and feedback and meal replacements. The central theme underlying successful mechanisms was personalising each intervention component to the participants’ gender, culture and family setting.

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive realist synthesis in this field. Our findings suggest that, for weight loss interventions to be successful in those with diabetes, they must be personalized to the individual and their specific context.
Deleterious effects of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen hydroalcoholic extract on the seminiferous epithelium of adult Balb/c mice
Authors: Matta Ana Paula L. F. , Leite João Paulo V. , Gomes Marcos L. M. , Morais Danielle B. , Carvalho Fabíola A. R. , Otoni Wagner C. , Matta Sérgio L. P.
Published: September 2020

Several plant species such as Pfaffia glomerata are widely used in traditional Brazilian medicine as stimulants and aphrodisiacs. In this regard, the aim of our study was to explore the effects of the long‐term intake of the hydro‐alcoholic root extract of P glomerata on the germ and somatic cells within the seminiferous tubules in adult Balb/c mice. The experimental groups were placed as: controls (water and DMSO), and treated with 300 and 400 mg/kg of the root extract. The number of germ and somatic cells, the proportion of pathological seminiferous tubules, and the germ cell apoptotic levels were evaluated. The volume and proportion of the seminiferous epithelium was decreased after the extract intake due to the increased germ cell apoptotic levels. Vacuolization of Sertoli cell cytoplasm was observed widely in pathological tubules, along with fully disorganized epithelia, showing multinucleated cells, which lead to decreased daily sperm production. Taken together, our results indicate that long‐term intake of the P glomerata caused deleterious effects on spermatogenesis by inducing apoptosis and altering the seminiferous tubule's epithelial dynamics.
A strategy for fabricating anisotropic SI3N4 ceramics with controllable mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Lu Xugao , Zhou Guoxiang , Yang Yitian , Lin Kunpeng , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2020

Heat dissipation material with programmable anisotropic property is very challenging, yet can realize the controllable thermal diffusion for heating device. In this work, anisotropic Si3N4 ceramics with oriented grains are prepared to adjust and improve the mechanical and thermal properties under the applied stress field by rolling film forming technology. Through the design of the sintering aids in the process of liquid‐phase sintering, the orientation degree of the Si3N4 grains is programmable as well as the mechanical property and the thermal property of the Si3N4 ceramics. As a consequence, the obtained Si3N4 ceramics show significant anisotropy in mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. The typical fracture toughness and thermal conductivity along the grain orientation direction are 10.6 MPa⋅m1/2 and 45.45 W/(m⋅K) while they are 4.5 MPa⋅m1/2 and 66.42 W/(m⋅K) in the direction perpendicular to the oriented grain, respectively. This grain orientation method paves the way for the thermal performance design and the production of programmable heat dissipation material.
The biomechanical efficacy of a dressing with a soft cellulose fluff core in prophylactic use
Authors: Gefen Amit , Krämer Maja , Brehm Maik , Burckardt Sören
Published: September 2020

In this work, we developed an experimental‐computational analysis framework which facilitated objective, quantitative, standardised, methodological, and systematic comparisons between the biomechanical efficacies of two fundamentally different dressing technologies for pressure ulcer prevention: A dressing technology based on cellulose fibres used as the core matrix was evaluated vs the conventional silicone‐foam dressing design concept, which was represented by multiple products which belong in this category. Using an anatomically‐realistic computer (finite element) model of a supine female patient to whom the different sacral dressings have been applied virtually, we quantitatively evaluated the efficacy of the different dressings by means of a set of 3 biomechanical indices: The protective efficacy index, the protective endurance, and the prophylactic trade‐off design parameter. Prior rigorous experimental measurements of the physical and mechanical behaviours and properties of each tested dressing, including tensile, compressive, and friction properties, have been conducted and used as inputs for the computer modelling. Each dressing was evaluated for its tissue protection performances at a new (from the package) state, as well as after exposure to moisture conditions simulating wet bedsheets. Our results demonstrated that the dressing with the fluff core is at least as‐good as silicone‐foams but importantly, provides the best balance between protective performances at its “new” condition and the performance after being exposed to moisture. We conclude that preventative dressings are not equal in their prophylactic performances, but rather, the base technology, the ingredients, and their arrangement in the dressing structure shape the quality of the delivered tissue protection.
Protective properties of Avène Thermal Spring Water on biomechanical, ultrastructural and clinical parameters of human skin
Authors: Mias C. , Maret A. , Gontier E. , Carrasco C. , Satge C. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Coubetergues H. , Bennett‐Kennett R. , Dauskardt R.H. , Duplan H.
Published: September 2020

Background

Thermal Spring Water (TSW) has been recognized to have beneficial effects on skin; however, the mechanisms underlying these are not completely elucidated.

Aims

We compared the effects of Avène TSW with mineral‐rich (MR) TSW on the biomechanical properties of the skin using mechanistic ex vivo assays and clinical studies.

Methods

Ex vivo studies included the effect of both TSWs on the structure of the surface of human skin explants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); mineral elemental content on the skin surface using SEM coupled to energy dispersing X‐ray spectroscopy; and the stress properties of the stratum corneum (SC) when exposed to dehydration. Human clinical studies were conducted to compare the soothing effect of TSWs after a dermatological chemical peeling of face skin and to evaluate the overall sensitive scale of consumers using Avène TSW for 7 days.

Results

Both TSWs preserved surface skin ultrastructure; however, crystals formed from MR‐TSW were needle‐like and formed small grains, present in clusters heterogeneously spread over the surface. Needle crystals were mainly composed of calcium, while small clusters were mainly composed of sulphur. By contrast, Avène TSW‐formed crystals composed of sodium and chlorine only were regular in shape and homogeneously distributed across the skin surface. Peak stress of SC layers was increased by MR‐TSW, whereas Avène TSW showed a comparatively reduced effect on dehydration and stress. The difference in the two TSW types was reflected in clinical findings comparing postpeeling redness after TSW application. Avène TSW significantly decreased postpeeling redness, while MR‐TSW increased it. The overall sensitive scale of consumers was decreased by 47% using Avène TSW for 7 days.

Conclusions

Avène TSW decreases postpeeling redness and soothes sensitive skin in human volunteers. Mechanistic studies suggested that differences in biomechanical effects could be linked to differences in calcium content of the TSW.
Spermatogenesis in the inseminating African butterflyfish Pantodon buchholzi (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Pantodontidae) with the revision of residual bodies formation
Authors: Dymek Anna M. , Pecio Anna
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to analyse spermatogenesis in the African butterflyfish, Pantodon buchholzi, using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. P. buchholzi is the most basal teleost that exhibits insemination and produces a highly complex introsperm with the most elongate midpiece known in teleost fishes. Their early stages (spermatogonia and spermatocytes) do not differ greatly from those of other fishes, with the exception of Golgi apparatus degradation appearing as spindle‐shaped bodies (SSBs). In round, early spermatids, the development of the flagellum begins after the migration of the centriolar complex towards the nucleus. Later, the elongation of the midpiece coincides with the displacement of the mitochondria and their fusion to produce nine mitochondrial derivatives (MDs). In these spermatids, the nucleus is situated laterally to the midpiece, with condensing chromatin in the centre of the nucleus. Within the midpiece, the flagellum is located within a cytoplasmic canal and is surrounded by a cytoplasmic sleeve containing fibres, MDs and a great amount of cytoplasm located on one side. During the next phase, nuclear rotation, the highly condensed chromatin is displaced to a position above the centriolar apparatus, whereas chromatin‐free nucleoplasm is transferred to the cytoplasm. Later, this nucleoplasm, still surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is eliminated into the cyst lumen as the nucleoplasmic packet. Within the highly elongate spermatids, other excess organelles (SSBs, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) are eliminated as residual bodies (RBs). Fully developed spermatozoa, which contain conical‐shaped nuclei, eventually coalesce to form unencapsulated sperm packets (spermatozeugmata) that are surrounded by RBs at the level of the extremely elongate midpieces. Later, RBs are removed at the periphery of the cyst by means of phagocytosis by Sertoli cells.
Critical realist encounters: Morphogenizing the French régulation approach
Authors: Knio Karim
Published: September 2020

Throughout the past two decades, Bob Jessop has drawn considerable attention to the compatibility between French Régulation (FR) and Critical Realist approaches (CR), arguing that FR implicitly works within a critical realist ontology, epistemology and methodology. Inspired by his insights, I argue that a Spinozian‐led Immanent Causality Morphogenetic Approach (ICMA) provides a fruitful avenue for further regulationist research and represents a promising effort to ground FR in (meta)theory, whereby, ontologically speaking, the ICMA explores how structure and agency emerge, intertwine and redefine each other in and over time. The two approaches mutually reinforce each other: ICMA is able to provide FR with a solid theoretical and metatheoretical foundation, while FR, can enrich the ICMA with its direct engagement with capitalism related studies and a well‐developed terminology in the field. The value added of ICMA can be seen in four points: it (1) clarifies the distinction between extensive and intensive regimes of accumulation and the speed of technological change, (2) specifies the problematique of hierarchy and stability of the dominant bloc, (3) fleshes out the problematique of endometabolism and hybridity, and (4) provides the researcher with a methodological framework to absent the necessary relations at the level of conditioning.
Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C (SEARCH) to diagnose or ‘re‐diagnose’ infections is effective in Australia
Authors: Prince David Stephen , Pipicella Joseph Louis , Fraser Melissa , Alvaro Frank , Maley Michael , Foo Hong , Middleton Paul MacConachie , Davison Scott Anthony , Dore Greg John , McCaughan Geoff William , Levy Miriam Tania
Published: September 2020

The World Health Organization has set ambitious viral hepatitis elimination targets; however, difficulties in identifying and engaging patients remain. The emergency visit is an opportunity for enhanced linkage to care (LTC). We assessed the effectiveness of an automated Emergency Department (ED) screening service in identifying patients with hepatitis C (HCV) and achieving LTC. A retrospective evaluation was undertaken, analysing the first 5000 patients screened through an automatic Australian service termed ‘Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis’ (SEARCH). Screening was performed for those recommended in the Australian national testing policy, specifically overseas born (OB) and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI). Healthcare worker education, patient information materials and opt‐out informed consent were used to test sera already collected for biochemistry assays. 5000 of 5801 (86.2%) consecutive eligible patients were screened (OB: 4778, ATSI: 222) from 14 093 ED presentations. HCV antibody was positive in 181 patients (3.6%); 51 (1.0%) were HCV RNA positive. Of 51 HCV RNA–positive patients, 12 were new diagnoses, 32 were ‘re‐diagnoses’ (aware but lost to follow‐up [LTFU]), and 7 were previously known but treatment contraindicated. LTC was successful in 38 viraemic patients (7 deceased, 4 LTFU, 1 treatment ineligible and 1 declined). Of RNA‐negative patients, 75 were previously treated and 49 had presumed spontaneous clearance. Opt‐out consent was acceptable to all patients and staff involved. ED screening can lead to additional diagnosing and ‘re‐diagnosing’ of HCV, with high rates of LTC. Opt‐out consent and automation removed major obstacles to testing.
Dabrafenib‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis in a child undergoing dual BRAF‐MEK inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Young Trevor K. , Gutierrez Daniel , Criscito Maressa C. , Kim Randie H. , Lakdawala Nikita , Oza Vikash S.
Published: September 2020

BRAF inhibitor‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis is a rare event that is well‐characterized in adults undergoing therapy for metastatic melanoma. To date, there are very few reports of this event in children undergoing BRAF inhibitor therapy for low‐grade gliomas, all of which were seen with vemurafenib. We report a case of dabrafenib‐induced neutrophilic panniculitis in a 9‐year‐old girl that manifested within several weeks of initiating dual BRAF‐MEK inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. This case highlights neutrophilic panniculitis as a side effect of dabrafenib in children and serves as a reminder to consider cutaneous side effects of BRAF inhibitors as they are increasingly used to treat children with primary brain tumors.
Clearance of pediatric actinic prurigo with dupilumab
Authors: Eickstaedt Joshua B. , Starke Samuel , Krakora Dan , Hinshaw Molly , Arkin Lisa M.
Published: September 2020

Actinic prurigo is a rare, idiopathic chronic photodermatosis of childhood characterized by excoriated papules, nodules, and plaques in sun‐exposed areas. It is notoriously difficult to treat. The disorder involves a type IV hypersensitivity reaction driven by both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory pathways, the latter of which leads to secretion of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and production of B cells, IgE, and IgG4. Dupilumab, an IL‐4 receptor antagonist, disrupts the Th2 pathway. We present a pediatric patient with severe, recalcitrant actinic prurigo who achieved rapid and sustained clearance with dupilumab.
Health‐related quality of life after pediatric heart transplantation in early childhood
Authors: Garcia Guerra Gonzalo , Bond Gwen Y. , Joffe Ari R. , Dinu Irina A , Hajihosseini Morteza , Al‐Aklabi Mohammed , Robertson Charlene M. T. , Urschel Simon ,   the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow‐up Program
Published: September 2020

Background

There is limited information about HRQL after pediatric heart transplantation at a young age.

Methods

Prospective follow‐up study of children who received a heart transplant at age ≤4 years. HRQL was assessed using the PedsQLTM 4.0 at age 4.5 years. This cohort was compared with healthy children, children with CHD, and with chronic conditions. Peri‐operative factors associated with HRQL were also explored.

Results

Of 66 eligible patients, 15 (23%) died prior to the HRQL assessment and 2 (3%) were lost to follow‐up, leaving 49 patients. Indication for transplantation was CHD in 27 (55%) and CMP in 22 (45%). Median age (IQR) at transplant was 9 (5‐31) months. HRQL was significantly lower in transplanted children compared to population norms (65.3 vs 87.3, P < .0001), children with chronic conditions (65.3 vs 76.1, P = .001), and children with CHD (65.3 vs 81.1, P < .0001). Transplanted children with CHD had lower HRQL than those with a prior diagnosis of CMP (59.5 vs 72.5, P‐value = .020). Higher creatinine pretransplant and higher lactate post‐operatively were associated with lower HRQL.

Conclusion

Children after heart transplant had significantly lower HRQL, as reported by their parents, than the normative population, children with chronic conditions, and children with CHD.
An Operational Framework for the Adoption and Integration of New Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Shi Pengyi , Helm Jonathan E. , Heese H. Sebastian , Mitchell Alice M.
Published: September 2020

The gap between medical research on diagnostic testing and clinical workflow can lead to rejection of valuable medical research in a busy clinical environment due to increased workloads, or rejection of medical research in the laboratory that may be valuable in practice due to a misunderstanding of the system‐level benefits of the new test. This has implications for research organizations, diagnostic test manufacturers, and hospital managers among others. To bridge this gap, we develop a Markov decision process (MDP) from which we create “adoption regions” that specify the combination of test characteristics medical research must achieve for the test to be feasible for adoption in practice. To address the curse of dimensionality from patient risk stratification, we develop a decomposition algorithm along with structural properties that shed light on which patients and when a new diagnostic test should be used. In a case study of a partner Emergency Department, we show that the conventional myopic medical criterion can lead to poor decision making in both research development and clinical practice. In particular, we find that specificity—long a secondary consideration and often overlooked in the research process—is, in fact, the key to effective implementation of new tests into clinical environments. This myopic approach can lead to overvaluing or undervaluing new medical research. This mismatch is accentuated when a simple (current) policy is used to integrate research into the clinical environment compared with our MDP’s policy—poor implementation of a new test can also lead to unnecessary rejection. Our framework provides easily interpretable guidelines for medical research development and clinical adoption decisions that can guide medical research as to which test characteristics to focus on to improve the chances of adoption.
Three Dimension Scanning using  Infrared Coded Light
Authors: Wei Li Liew , Abas Khairul Hamimah
Published: September 2020

In this competitive market, reverse engineering is introduced to shorten a new product development time by digitizing an existing product for rapid redesign. In this project, a low cost and standalone 3D scanner is being developed to achieve this purpose. Research is done comparing advantages and limitation of different hardware and method for 3D scanning. Scanner is assisted by automated rotating and illumination scanning platform to improve its performance. Software is developed for scanning of object using a Red-Green-Blue-Depth (RGBD) camera. The scanned result is processed and refined using global and local registration method. Poisson surface reconstruction is performed on the processed point clouds for generating triangular mesh. This scanner able to scan the object with the accuracy up to 5mm with computational time around 25 minutes.
Carga de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares y nivel de dependencia de su familiar
Authors: Salazar -Maya Angela Maria , Cardozo García Yadira , Escobar Ciro Carmen Liliana
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La enfermedad crónica, los procesos terminales, la vejez y la supervivencia de personas con comorbilidades, discapacidades físicas o psíquicas, además de los cambios en los sistemas de salud, han trasladado el cuidado a la familia y a los cuidadores familiares. Objetivo: Determinar la carga del cuidado en el cuidador familiar y el nivel de dependencia funcional o enfermedad crónica de su familiar. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte trasversal, desarrollado en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) de noviembre de 2017 a septiembre de 2019. La muestra fueron 494 personas, a conveniencia. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Zarit, Pulses y variables sociodemográficas. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 25. A las variables de tipo cuantitativo se les aplicaron medidas de centro y dispersión. Para las cualitativas se analizaron sus frecuencias. Resultados: El 89,7 % de la muestra son del sexo femenino, con una edad media de 53,5 años; el 39 % está soltero; el 75,6 % estudió hasta secundaria; el 83,1 % se dedica al hogar y lleva como cuidador 8,6 años, y el 87,9 % es el cuidador principal, con problemas del sistema cardiovascular, nervioso y osteomuscular. Para el 29,4 % de los participantes la carga es severa, seguida de moderada y el nivel de dependencia de la persona que cuidan es severo, en el 71 % de los casos. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, la mayoría son cuidadoras, solteras, encargadas del hogar y cuidan a un familiar (padre-hijo). La sobrecarga del cuidado es excesiva, porque cuidan a personas con dependencia severa.
Convertirse en madre durante la adolescencia: transiciones en el rol materno
Authors: Moreno Claudia , Peralta Cruz Alejandra , Velásquez Monroy Natalia
Published: September 2020

El artículo pretende dar a conocer la experiencia en el desarrollo de una estrategia de enfermería que promueva el cuidado integral de la madre adolescente, hijo, pareja o acompañante para la activación del rol materno durante el posparto, como parte del programa Creciendo Juntos de la ESE Hospital Regional de Duitama (Boyacá, Colombia). La estrategia de cuidado se diseñó a partir de la aplicación de la teoría “convertirse en madre”, de Ramona Mercer, desde el sistema conceptual teórico-empírico y el modelo del marco lógico, así como desde el apoyo social, desarrollado en cuatro intervenciones: una visita domiciliaria inicial, seguimiento telefónico, grupo de madres y acompañantes en posparto y una segunda visita domiciliaria. De igual forma, los resultados se presentan en indicadores empíricos del desarrollo de la estrategia de cuidado en un grupo de 25 madres, cuyas intervenciones institucionales de salud se orientaron hacia la práctica del cuidado, como parte de la visibilidad asistencial de enfermería en madres adolescentes, y hacia la promoción de la maternidad desde la activación y normalización del rol en el proceso de convertirse en madre.
Percepción de enfermería. Una mirada actual a la cultura de seguridad en el quirófano
Authors: Bolaños Liset Pérez
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La cultura de seguridad del paciente se considera una prioridad en la asistencia sanitaria para la disminución de los eventos adversos en los quirófanos donde su ocurrencia no se informa y ello genera riesgos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la cultura de seguridad del paciente desde la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería de quirófano. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal que recogió los resultados de la encuesta anónima de cultura de seguridad del paciente elaborada por la Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad en Salud, adaptada al español en el curso poscongreso en Electrocirugías para Instrumentistas, realizado a una muestra de 67 profesionales de enfermería, trabajadores de 10 quirófanos, localizados en La Habana (Cuba). Se evaluó la percepción que tienen los profesionales de enfermería. Se analizaron las respuestas positivas y negativas a los 50 ítems, incluyendo la calificación global de seguridad. El procesamiento de la información de la encuesta se codificó y se colectó en una base de datos confeccionada en el procesador estadístico Excel y luego, para su análisis, se convirtió a SPSS versión 21.0 para Windows. Resultado: Se analizaron 67 encuestas; el 100 % de los encuestados calificó de positivo el grado global de seguridad. Como fortaleza se destacan las dimensiones: aprendizaje organizacional, apoyo de la dirección y trabajo en equipo entre unidades. El resto de las dimensiones, excepto la respuesta no punitiva (clasificada como debilidad), se clasificaron como oportunidades de mejora. Conclusiones: La cultura de seguridad del paciente debe progresar de la culpabilidad al aprendizaje.
On Investigation of Liquid Sloshing in Cylindrical Tanks With Single and Multiply Connected Domains Using Isogeometric Boundary Element Method
Authors: Zang Quansheng , Liu Jun , Zhou Yang , Lin Gao
Published: September 2020

This paper explores an isogeometric boundary element method (IGA-BEM) for sloshing problems in cylindrical tanks with single and multiply connected domains. Instead of the Lagrange basis functions used in the standard BEM, the nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis functions are introduced to approximate the geometries of the problem boundaries and the unknown variables. Compared with the Lagrange basis functions, NURBS basis functions can accurately reconstruct the geometric boundary of analysis domain with almost no error, and all the data information for NURBS basis functions can be directly obtained from the computer-aided design (cad) or computer-aided engineering (cae) commercial software, which implies the modeling process of IGA-BEM is more simple than that of the standard BEM. NURBS makes it possible for the IGA-BEM to realize the seamless connection between cad and cae software with relative higher calculation accuracy than the standard BEM. Based on the weighted residual method as well as the divergence theorem, the IGA-BEM is developed for the single and multiply connected domains, whose boundaries are separately defined in the parameter space by different knot vectors. The natural sloshing frequencies of the liquid sloshing in a circular cylindrical tank with a coaxial or an off-center circular pipe, an elliptical cylindrical tank with an elliptical pipe, a circular cylindrical tank with multiple pipes are estimated with the introduced method by assuming an ideal (inviscid and incompressible) liquid, irrotational small-amplitude sloshing, and the linear free-surface condition. The comparison between the results obtained by the proposed method and those in the existing literatures shows very good agreements, which verifies the proposed model well. Meanwhile, the effects of radius ratio, liquid depth, number, and location of internal pipe (pipes) on the natural sloshing frequency and sloshing mode are analyzed carefully, and some conclusions are outlined finally.
Dynamic Balance in Athletes With Intellectual Disability: Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Plyometric Warm-Ups
Authors: Jouira Ghada , Srihi Selim , Ben Waer Fatma , Rebai Haithem , Sahli Sonia
Published: September 2020

Context: Athletes with intellectual disability (ID) have a high risk of injury while participating in various sports. Warm-up (WU) is the most preventive measure to reduce injuries in sports. Objective: To investigate the effects of dynamic stretching WU (DS-WU) and plyometric WU (PL-WU) on dynamic balance in athletes with ID. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: A total of 12 athletes with ID (age 24.5 [3.22] y, height 165.7 [8.4] cm, weight 61.5 [7.1] kg, intelligence quotient 61.1 [3.5]). Main Outcome Measures: Dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) at pre-WU, post-WU, and 15 minutes post-WU for both the DS-WU and the PL-WU. A 2-way analysis of variance (3 sessions × 2 WU methods) with repeated-measures was used in this study. Results: Following the DS-WU, participants demonstrated significant improvements in the SEBT composite score post-WU (89.12% [5.54%] vs 87.04% [5.35%]; P < .01) and at 15 minutes post-WU (89.55% [5.28%] vs 87.04%, P < .01) compared with pre-WU. However, no significant difference between these two post-WU scores (post-WU and 15 min post-WU) was found. For the PL-WU, participants demonstrated a significant decrease in the SEBT composite score at post-WU (85.95% [5.49%] vs 87.02% [5.73%]; P < .05); however, these scores increased significantly at 15 minutes post-WU (88.60% [5.42%] vs 87.02% [5.49%]; P < .05) compared with that at pre-WU. The SEBT composite scores are significantly higher in the DS-WU than in the PL-WU at both post-WU sessions (P < .05). Conclusion: Both DS-WU and PL-WU could improve dynamic balance and may be recommended as WUs in athletes with ID; however, particular caution should be exercised immediately after the PL-WU.
Transcription Profile and Genomic Variations of Oryctes Rhinoceros Nudivirus in Coconut Rhinoceros Beetles
Authors: Etebari Kayvan , Parry Rhys , Beltran Marie Joy B. , Furlong Michael J.
Published: September 2020

Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus has been an effective biocontrol agent against the coconut rhinoceros beetle in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands for decades. The recent outbreak of these beetles in many South Pacific islands has had a significant impact on livelihoods in the region. It has been suggested that the resurgence and spread of the pest are related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles. We examined viral genomic and transcriptional variations in chronically infected beetles from different geographical populations. A high number of polymorphic sites among several geographical strains of OrNV were identified, but potentially only a few of these variations in the genome are involved in functional changes and can potentially alter the typical function. These findings provide valuable resources for future studies to improve our understanding of the OrNV genetic variations in different geographic regions and their potential link to virus pathogenicity.