bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivating a worldly repose: the contribution of Sally Gadow's work to interpretive inquiry
Authors: McIntyre Marjorie
Published: December 2004

This paper discusses the contribution that the work of Sally Gadow makes to understandings of interpretive inquiry and it's potential to inform and influence nursing practice, research, and education. The discussion draws on several of Gadow's published works that make explicit her understandings of what it means to be interpretive, to be open to multiple truths, to hear multiple voices, to have a history, to be experienced, and to recognize agency in language. Situating this discussion of Gadow's contribution in opposition to a metaphysics of genius is intended to move our understanding of particular work past the subjectivity that produced it, past the subjectivized responses to the work, past the reporting on myself – my thoughts, my perspectives, my experiences – to explore, to see the worthwhileness or even the possibilities of exploring the work itself and the worlds it evokes. This paper is a deliberate attempt to disrupt the call to the author to save us from the task of interpreting the questions that the work itself places us under. Gadow's work itself points us away from a valorization of the voice of the author of the work, a single voice, and towards a cultivation of a worldly repose where each interpretive account points us to some longstanding whole to which the work belongs and from which it gains its sense and significance.
The relational narrative: implications for nurse practice and education
Authors: Romyn Donna M.
Published: December 2004

Nurses frequently encounter situations in which they are compelled to make ethical decisions about what is good and right to do in their day‐to‐day practice. Often existing moral edicts prove to be inadequate in light of the patient's particular circumstances. To what, then, can the nurse turn? In response to this question, Gadow (1999) proposes a dialectical framework comprised of three ethical approaches: subjective immersion (ethical immediacy), objective detachment (ethical universalism), and intersubjective engagement (relational narrative). In this paper, the dialectic framework proposed by Gadow (1999) is examined with respect to some of its potential implications for nursing practice and education. This endeavour is undertaken in the spirit of extending the dialogue that Gadow has so eloquently initiated. Questions related to whether it is possible (or necessary) to reconcile the contradictory tenets of these ethical approaches or the potential disjunction between the knowledge embedded in the relational narrative and ensuing action on the part of the nurse are discussed. In addition, some of the potential implications of this dialectical framework for nurse education are explored, including the question of how nurses learn to enter into a relational narrative with another and the relevance of relational narratives to teacher–student relationships.
Changes in dietary habits during the first year at university
Authors: Edwards John S. A. , Meiselman Herbert L.
Published: December 2004

Leaving home is a time when changes in dietary intake are likely. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in students’ dietary habits from leaving home in September to start their university course, to May the following year. Three cohorts (97, 123, 157) of first‐year students were surveyed over three consecutive years using food frequency questionnaires completed by students in September, late January and May of the following year (the same academic year). Reported intakes of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate declined significantly (P < 0.05) from the period September–January for both the male and female groups and although there was a small decrease in energy intake for the male group for the period January–May and a small increase for the female group for the same period, none of these were significant. Reported intakes of alcohol in males increased in each of the three periods but none of these increases were significant. Reported intakes of most food items and the frequency with which they were consumed declined during the period September–January, but the reference nutrient intake was still met for many nutrients. Nonetheless, we consider it important to monitor food consumption, particularly when first leaving home, to ensure adequacy; and alcohol to ensure that total consumption does not take place in single binge sessions.
Positive margins in basal cell carcinoma: relationship to clinical features and recurrence risk. A retrospective study of 248 patients
Authors: Nagore E , Grau C , Molinero J , Fortea JM
Published: December 2004

Background Incomplete resection of a basal cell carcinoma does not necessarily imply tumour recurrence.

Objective The purpose of our study was to determine the clinical features most often associated with positive surgical margins and to establish whether positive margins effectively imply tumour recurrence.

Methods We did a retrospective evaluation of 273 basal cell carcinomas in a total of 248 subjects. For each case, data regarding tumour location, sex, histological type and the presence or absence of affected surgical margins were collected. Follow‐up was available in 151 cases.

Results Positive margins were most often observed in facial lesions, particularly in the nasal and perioral areas, and for morphoeic histological types. Tumours with margin involvement exhibited a higher recurrence rate (26%) than those with free margins (14%) over a 5‐year follow‐up period.

Conclusions Individualized management, with special considerations depending on tumour location and histological type, is needed to treat basal cell carcinomas and cases with affected margins. Re‐excision, preferably with Mohs’ surgery, is advised in the latter as recurrences are much more complicated to treat. Furthermore, all cases need adequate follow‐up, even in cases with unaffected surgical margins.
Systemic 5‐fluorouracil producing an inflammatory response in porokeratosis
Authors: Nahm WK , Donohue KG , Danahy JF , Badiavas E , Falanga V
Published: December 2004

Topical 5‐fluorouracil has been used as an effective treatment for porokeratosis. Upon its treatment, an inflammatory effect occurs with the topical 5‐fluorouracil. We report a case of a patient with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis displaying a comparable inflammatory process following therapy with systemic 5‐fluorouracil used to manage a metastatic breast cancer.
Lichen planus and leukocytoclastic vasculitis induced by interferon alpha‐2b in a subject with HCV‐related chronic active hepatitis
Authors: De Sousa Pinto JM , Sacramento Marques M , Estanislau Correia T
Published: December 2004

Lichen planus (LP) has been reported in association with chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. The occurrence of LP in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) was reported by Robert et al., and the possible relationship between LP and hepatitis virus has also been supported by cases of LP following hepatitis B vaccination.

Exacerbation or appearance of LP during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, lymphoproliferative diseases and melanoma with alpha‐interferon (IFN‐α) and improvement of these diseases after discontinuation of this drug indicate that IFN‐α may possibly induce LP.

We present a case of cutaneo‐mucous LP in a woman with chronic active hepatitis treated with IFN‐α and in whom local leukocytoclastic vasculitis was induced by the intradermal injection of a very low dose of IFN‐α.
Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Gimenez‐García R , Pérez‐Castrillón JL
Published: December 2004

Background The association of lichen planus (LP) with liver diseases is well established. The reported prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in patients with LP tend to appear quite variable.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HCV antibodies in a group of patients with LP and evaluate the clinical characteristics of the subgroup with LP associated with HCV.

Methods We studied 101 patients, 57 (56.4%) women and 44 (43.5%) men with a mean age of 48 years, consecutively diagnosed with cutaneous and/or mucosal LP between January 1992 and December 2000. We used 99 age‐ and sex‐matched controls.

Results Anti‐HCV antibodies were detected in nine cases (8.9%) of the LP group but only two (2.02%) of the controls. The odds ratio between the subjects with HCV positivity and those with negative HCV virus was 4.74, with a confidence interval at 95%, between 0.999 and 22.545. A statistically significant association was only demonstrated between erosive LP and infection by HCV.

Conclusions The possibility of liver disease caused by HCV should be ruled out in patients with LP, especially in the erosive form.
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kotz EA , Anderson D , Thiers BH
Published: December 2004

Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a neoplasm of helper T cells whose first manifestations usually appear in the skin. The various forms of CTCL are distinguished by both clinical features and histopathology. Early on, the diagnosis may be difficult to establish because of its numerous, and often non‐specific, clinical presentations. Further, the pathological findings of early lesions may lack the diagnostic features observed in well‐developed or advanced disease. The diagnosis of CTCL must be considered in any patient with a chronic, therapy‐resistant condition of the skin. In patients with non‐specific histological findings, a high index of suspicion and multiple biopsies may eventually lead to a diagnosis of CTCL. Once the diagnosis of CTCL is established, accurate staging is essential both for its effect on treatment decisions and for its prognostic value. In general, CTCL is a chronic, slowly progressive disease with a long evolution. The development of tumours is a poor prognostic sign, as is erythroderma. The Sezary syndrome is a distinct form of erythrodermic CTCL that is characterized by exfoliative erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis, intense pruritus, and circulating large, abnormal lymphocytes (Sezary cells). When death does occur, it is most often due to septicemia. Treatment of CTCL must be tailored to the individual patient. The most commonly employed treatment options are photochemotherapy and topical chemotherapy.
Specific immune therapy‐related cutaneous B‐cell pseudolymphoma with following dissemination
Authors: Gerlini G , Mori M , Massi D , Pimpinelli N
Published: December 2004

We report two cases of cutaneous B‐cell pseudolymphoma (PCBCL) induced by intradermal antigen injections for specific immune therapy (SIT). In both cases, the lesions had first developed on the area of injection; years later, new lesions appeared far from the original site. The histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings of the lesions showed features consistent with the diagnosis of PCBCL in both cases. In particular, the staining for sIg light chains showed a polyclonal pattern, and the molecular analysis by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Southern blot showed a germ‐line configuration of the Ig heavy chain genes. While the development of PCBCL related to a specific stimulus is well known and widely reported, the development of histologically and immunohistologically identical lesions far from the injection site is definitely worthy of note. This behaviour might be due to the presence of retained antigens in the injection site. This chronic antigenic stimulation could induce the progressive selection – and subsequent dissemination – of antigen‐specific B cell clones.
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis heralding the onset of chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Gómez Vázquez M , Peteiro C , Toribio J
Published: December 2004

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis was initially described in acute myelogenous leukaemic patients undergoing chemotherapy, suggesting a drug‐induced mechanism. It has been reported in some with various neoplastic and non‐neoplastic conditions as well as in healthy individuals. However, most the reported cases have been described in acute myelogenous leukaemic cases receiving chemotherapy. We describe a neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis case unassociated with chemotherapy in a woman with chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
Drug‐induced sweat gland necrosis in a non‐comatose patient: a case presentation
Authors: Ferreli C , Sulica VI , Aste N , Atzori L , Pinna M , Biggio P
Published: December 2004

Background Coma‐induced bullae and sweat gland necrosis is a rare clinicopathological entity often associated with drug‐induced coma.

Subject We report a case with clinical and histopathologic findings characteristic of blisters and sweat gland necrosis occurring in a non‐comatose patient.

Conclusions Skin blisters with underlying sweat gland necrosis is an entity previously reported to occur in comatose patients, our findings open new questions about the role of the drugs in the pathogenesis of those conditions.
Coexistence of pemphigus herpetiformis and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Marinović B , Basta‐Juzbašić A , Bukvić‐Mokos Z , Ľeović R , Lončarić D
Published: December 2004

A female patient with coexistence of pemphigus herpetiformis and systemic lupus erythematosus is described. She presented to our Department with pruritic vesicles on her trunk and extremities, which were later accompanied with butterfly like erythema on her face and with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. The diagnosis of pemphigus herpetiformis was based on the clinical picture and immunofluorescence finding, because the histopathologic finding is not always typical for the diagnosis. The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was based on positive ANA and anti‐dsDNA, presence of butterfly‐like erythema on her face, and CNS manifestations. The patient was treated by corticosteroids in combination with immunosuppressants, which should ensure good control of both diseases. The coexistence of pemphigus herpetiformis and systemic lupus erythematosus has not been reported in recent literature.
Psoriasis‐like dermoscopic pattern of clear cell acanthoma
Authors: Bugatti Leonardo , Filosa Giorgio , Broganelli Paolo , Tomasini Carlo
Published: December 2004

Background Dermoscopy provides additional criteria for the diagnosis of skin lesions.

Objective To investigate the dermoscopic aspect of clear cell acanthoma (CCA).

Methods Six consecutive cases of CCAs were observed under conventional dermoscopy (Case 1–4) or videodermoscopy (Case 5–6).

Results Common dermoscopic findings were: (i) squamous surface with translucid collarette; (ii) dilated capillary loops, mainly perpendicularly orientated to the skin surface, as dotted, pinpoint‐like structures, regularly distributed in a reticular array over the surface.

Conclusions The vascular psoriasis‐like dermoscopic findings seem to be a clue for CCA and provide evidence of an inflammatory process for CCA formation.
Vitiligo in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Antony FC , Marsden RA
Published: December 2004

Autoimmune disorders such as vitiligo have been previously reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe a case of vitiligo in association with HIV where a rising CD4 lymphocyte count due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) closely correlated with changes in the skin. This effect, to our knowledge, has not been previously observed.
Oculocutaneous albinism
Authors: Okulicz JF , Shah RS , Schwartz RA , Janniger CK
Published: December 2004

Oculocutaneous albinism represents a group of inherited skin disorders characterized by a generalized reduction of cutaneous, ocular and pilar pigmentation from the time of birth. Oculocutaneous albinism types 1 and 2 are the most common, but several other types have been described. A defect in the melanin synthesis pathway, resulting in reduced formation of melanin, is responsible for oculocutaneous albinism. Aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management are discussed.
Is the combination of calcipotriol and PUVA effective in vitiligo?
Authors: Baysal V , Yildirim M , Erel A , Kesici D
Published: December 2004

Objective The objective was to compare the effectiveness of psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) and the combination of PUVA and topical calcipotriol in the treatment of vitiligo.

Background There are several reports on the response rate of patients with vitiligo treated with the combination of PUVA and calcipotriol or calcipotriol alone.

Subjects and methods Twenty‐two patients with generalized vitiligo were taken into the study. PUVA treatment was applied on a twice‐weekly schedule. Calcipotriol cream was applied to one of the two symmetrical lesions of each patient twice daily.

Results Our results showed that the addition of topical calcipotriol to PUVA treatment did not lead to a significant increase in response rate of patients with vitiligo compared with PUVA treatment alone.
Aquagenic keratoderma
Authors: Betlloch I , Vergara G , Albares MP , Pascual J‐C , Silvestre J‐F , Botella R
Published: December 2004

Aquagenic keratoderma has been described as a transitory condition involving young females and defined clinically by the appearance of palmar lesions accentuated after immersion in water. According to previous case reports, these lesions are characterized histologically by hyperkeratosis and dilated eccrine ducts.

Some aberration in the eccrine ducts has been suggested as a possible pathogenic mechanism. We report a new case in a female adolescent. With regard to the normal aspect of the epidermis in our case, the clinical changes should be ascribed to a structural alteration of the horny layer without any visible microscopy change or functional alteration of the stratum corneum involving the organism in the adolescence period.
Twenty‐seven new microsatellites for the migratory Asian catfish family Pangasiidae
Authors: Hogan Zeb S. , May Bernie P.
Published: December 2004

In this paper, we describe primers for 27 new microsatellite loci tested on five species of migratory Asian catfish: Pangasius krempfi, P. bocourti, P. conchophilus, P. pleurotaenia, and Helicophagus waandersii. These primers were developed from a (GATA)n library created from the pooled DNA of three species of pangasiid catfish. All 27 loci are polymorphic in at least one species. Fifteen loci are polymorphic in at least three species. The primers described in this paper are thus shown to be useful in several species within the catfish family Pangasiidae, and may prove useful in additional species in future tests.
Microsatellite loci in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Endsley M. A. , Baker M. D. , Krafsur E. S.
Published: December 2004

Genomic libraries from house flies enriched for (CA)15 and (CAG)10 repeats were constructed by using biotinylated probes. Twenty‐five loci were isolated and evaluated for polymorphisms in wild flies representing two geographically diverse populations. Fourteen of 19 dinucleotide loci, and one of six trinucleotide loci were polymorphic. One hundred and twenty‐seven alleles were detected, 39 of which were private. Average number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 8.4 ± 2.5 and average heterozygosity was 72 ± 4%. FST by the private allele method was 0.73. Three of 15 loci showed significant heterozygote deficiencies, attributed to null alleles. Five of 15 loci were amplified in the face fly, Musca autumnalis.
famoz: a software for parentage analysis using dominant, codominant and uniparentally inherited markers
Authors: Gerber S. , Chabrier P. , Kremer A.
Published: December 2004

famoz (an acronym for father/mother) is a software useful in reconstructing parentage for dominant, codominant and uniparentally inherited markers. It is written in C and TclTk languages and is available for Unix, Linux and Windows systems at http://www.pierroton.inra.fr/genetics/labo/Software/Famoz/index.html. Parameters and assumptions used in the calculations are few and simple. Exclusion and identity probabilities, log‐likelihoods of any genetic relationship, potential father and parent or parent pair, half‐ and full‐sibship are calculated based on real or simulated data. Error rates for genotypic mistyping can be introduced. Simulations can be done to build statistical tests for parentage assignment.
Isolation and characterization of six microsatellite loci in the drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus (Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Fuchs A. , Heinze J. , Reber‐Funk C. , Korb J.
Published: December 2004

The Kalotermitidae is a family of lower termites and its species are ideal to study the evolution and maintenance of eusociality within the Isoptera. Co‐dominant genetic markers are an essential tool to elucidate the putatively complex colony and population structure. Six polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified in the drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus (Kalotermitidae). To test the variability of the markers, 18 colonies (n = 18) from Darwin (Australia) were assayed. We found two to eight alleles per locus with the level of observed heterozygosity at each locus ranging from 0.00 to 0.53. The significantly positive FIT value suggests that some kind of inbreeding does occur in this population.
Characterization of six polymorphic microsatellites for the polychaete tubeworm Hydroides elegans and cross‐species amplification in the congener Hydroides hexagonus
Authors: Pettengill J. B. , Hadfield M. G. , Schug M. D. , Wendt D. E.
Published: December 2004

We isolated and characterized six polymorphic microsatellite loci for the polychaete tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. Two additional loci were not reliably scorable and estimates of heterozygosity were obtained for the other six. In addition, cross‐species amplification was successful for two loci using the congener H. hexagonus. Given that few microsatellite loci are available for polychaetes, these markers will be useful in assessing dispersal and gene flow in H. elegans and probably also other polychaetes.
Microsatellite markers for the heavily exploited canary (Sebastes pinniger) and other rockfish species
Authors: Gomez‐Uchida D. , Hoffman E. A. , Ardren W. R. , Banks M. A.
Published: December 2004

The isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci (eight tetranucleotide and one dinucleotide) from the canary rockfish Sebastes pinniger are described. Polymorphism at these loci revealed from six to 28 alleles, with expected heterozygosities ranging between 0.42 and 0.88, enabling high‐resolution genetic population structure investigation for this overfished species in the northeastern Pacific. They also amplify in 13 other congeneric species, providing highly variable loci for research on other rockfishes.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in the squid, Loligo bleekeri (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
Authors: Iwata Y. , Munehara H. , Sakurai Y.
Published: December 2004

Loligo bleekeri has a long spawning season and the size of mature males changes during the season: dimorphic (large/small) early in the spawning season and monomorphic (small) later in the spawning season. To understand how copulatory behaviours relate to the dimorphism, we developed five polymorphic microsatellite loci in L. bleekeri. The level of polymorphism ranged from 10 to 22 alleles with expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.79 to 0.93, suggesting that the novel polymorphic loci should be useful for parentage analysis of L. bleekeri.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa
Authors: Alberto F. , Correia L. , Billot C. , Duarte C. M. , Serrão E.
Published: December 2004

In order to study the spatial patterns of genetic diversity of a clonal marine angiosperm, the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa, microsatellite markers were obtained by screening a genomic library enriched for the (CT) dinucleotide motif. Of 38 primer pairs defined, 15 amplified polymorphic microsatellites and are described. These loci identified a number of alleles ranging from two to seven, and showed expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.35 to 0.76, when a group of 40 individuals from Cadiz Bay in Spain was analysed. Additionally, we describe here the multiplexing conditions for 12 of these loci.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in the malaria vector Anopheles maculipennis
Authors: Weill M. , Severini C. , Guillemin M.‐L. , Berticat C. , Berthomieu A. , Rousset F. , Raymond M.
Published: December 2004

The Anopheles maculipennis complex includes the most important malaria vectors of the western Palearctic. Anopheles maculipennis s.s., one member of this complex, is a reported vector in the Middle East. Here we describe the isolation of 15 microsatellite polymorphic loci from the An. maculipennis s.s. genome, displaying a high among individual diversity (0.37–0.77) in a sample from France. Three loci displayed a significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg proportions, suggesting a substantial frequency of null alleles. The remaining 12 loci are good candidates for further genetic studies in this species.
Identification of microsatellite markers in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Pai Aditi , Sharakhov Igor V. , Braginets Olga , Costa Christina , Yan Guiyun
Published: December 2004

We isolated and characterized microsatellite markers for the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, an important model species for studies in various areas of evolutionary biology and ecology. A microsatellite‐enriched genomic library was constructed and screened with single stranded oligonucleotide probes [(CCT)17, (AAT)17 and (CAG)17]. Forty‐five primer pairs were designed of which 19 pairs produced successful amplification. Polymorphism screening involved beetles from five beetle strains and revealed 15 polymorphic and four monomorphic markers. The development of polymorphic microsatellite markers will facilitate future ecological and genetic studies involving T. castaneum beetles.
Development of microsatellite markers for the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera L. (Bivalvia: Unionoidea)
Authors: Geist Jürgen , Rottmann Oswald , Schröder Wolfgang , Kühn Ralph
Published: December 2004

Freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera L.) are among the most critically endangered freshwater invertebrates. We describe the isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite markers for this species, which were obtained by screening 4900 recombinant clones from two genomic libraries. Thirteen loci revealed polymorphisms as demonstrated on 42 tested individuals from four river drainages. Allelic richness ranged from two to 12 alleles and averaged 6.8 alleles per locus with heterozygosity levels varying from 0 to 0.850 for observed heterozygosity (HO) and from 0.174 to 0.850 for expected heterozygosity (HE). Deficiency of heterozygous genotypes was observed in eight of 13 loci.
New polymorphic microsatellite loci for different camel species
Authors: Evdotchenko D. , Han Y. , Bartenschlager H. , Preuss S. , Geldermann H.
Published: December 2004

New microsatellite loci were screened and sequenced from the genomic DNA of male Camelus bactrianus. Among 32 loci, 23 were amplified in bactrian and dromedary species, 19 in llama and 20 in alpaca. The different species had similar fragment lengths per locus, with more striking similarities between bactrian and dromedary and between llama and alpaca, respectively. Seven loci had more than 10 alleles each, nine were monomorphic in all species, and one was monomorphic in Old World and polymorphic in New World camels. The results show that the informative microsatellite loci can be widely applied to several species.
Characterization of 23 Tri‐ and tetranucleotide Microsatellite Loci in the Brown Tiger Prawn, Penaeus esculentus
Authors: Meadows J. R. S. , Ward R. D. , Grewe P.M. , Dierens L. M. , Lehnert S. A.
Published: December 2004

Twenty‐three unique tri and tetra‐nucleotide microsatellites were isolated and characterized from the genome of the brown tiger prawn Penaeus esculentus. Nine of the 23 microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic and were tested across a sample of wild caught Penaeus esculentus. Good fits to Hardy–Weinberg expectations were observed for six of the markers when tested in a population of at least 180 individuals. The total number of alleles for these six markers ranged from eight to 19, with an average total of 13. These values will make them useful for future stock identification and population genetics studies.
Twelve new microsatellite markers for gilted seabream (Sparus aurata L.): characterization, polymorphism and linkage
Authors: Launey Sophie , Krieg Francine , Haffray Pierrick , Bruant Jean‐Sebastien , Vannier Anne , Guyomard Rene
Published: December 2004

Twelve new microsatellite markers were isolated from the gilted seabream Sparus aurata L., a seawater fish distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea and on the East Atlantic Coast and exploited in both fisheries and aquaculture. Characterization in 16 individuals from a hatchery population from France reveals three to 17 alleles and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.752. Inheritance and linkage were assessed in a bi‐parental cross, and using polymorphism and linkage information, two PCR‐multiplex were developed for routine analysis of Sparus aurata populations.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in the Capricorn silvereye, Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus (Aves: Zosteropidae)
Authors: Frentiu F. D. , Lange C. L. , Burke T. , Owens I. P. F.
Published: December 2004

The Capricorn silvereye (Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus) is ideally suited to investigating the genetic basis of body size evolution. We have isolated and characterized a set of microsatellite markers for this species. Seven out of 11 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles detected ranged from two to five and observed heterozygosities between 0.12 and 0.67. One locus, ZL49, was found to be sex‐linked. This moderate level of diversity is consistent with that expected in an isolated, island population.
Development of microsatellite markers in bonytail (Gila elegans) with cross‐species amplification in humpback chub (Gila cypha)
Authors: Keeler‐Foster Connie L. , Spies Ingrid B. , Bondu‐Hawkins Virginie , Bentzen Paul
Published: December 2004

Bonytail, Gila elegans, is an endangered species of fish native to the Colorado River. Primers are presented for 17 microsatellites cloned from bonytail as well as the results of test amplifications in bonytail and humpback chub, G. cypha. Bonytail exhibited three to 18 alleles per locus across the 17 microsatellites and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.58 among 10 loci used to screen 160 broodstock. Humpback chub exhibited one to six alleles and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.69 among 10 loci that were successfully amplified in that species.
Isolation of microsatellites from two species of scleractinian coral
Authors: Miller K. J. , Howard C. G.
Published: December 2004

Microsatellites were isolated from two broadcast‐spawning species of scleractinian coral (Platygyra daedalea and Goniastrea favulus) from Australia's Great Barrier Reef. We found 27 microsatellites across both species, although only five loci were polymorphic in each species. Microsatellite loci displayed a wide range of diversity levels with four to 11 alleles per locus (HO = 0.26–0.91) in P. daedalea and two to seven alleles per locus (HO = 0.16–0.96) in G. favulus. Most loci showed departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium which may reflect nonrandom mating but may also be related to difficulties associated with coral DNA.
A standard set of polymorphic microsatellites for threatened mountain ungulates (Caprini, Artiodactyla)
Authors: Maudet C. , Beja‐Pereira A. , Zeyl E. , Nagash H. , Kence A. , Özüt D. , Biju‐Duval M.‐P. , Boolormaa S. , Coltman D. W. , Taberlet P. , Luikart G.
Published: December 2004

Nearly 70% of the world's mountain ungulate taxa are endangered. The availability of a standard set of DNA markers for forensic and molecular ecology studies would help to establish conservation programs and detect poaching activities of these endangered taxa. We tested 60 published microsatellite primer pairs from bovids (cattle, sheep and goat) on 49 individuals from 11 taxa including six wild goat‐like species (Capra spp.), three divergent wild sheep (Ovis spp.), and two chamois (Rupicapra spp.) species. Approximately 30 microsatellites amplified a microsatellite‐like PCR product in all three genera, and with the exception of ILST097, nearly all the loci were polymorphic within most of the 11 species.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: Konishi M. , Takata K.
Published: December 2004

Due to accidental introductions, the distribution of the east Asian topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva, has rapidly expanded over recent years, thereby threatening the endangered Japanese species, P. pumila pumila. Sixteen microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for P. parva, 14 being highly polymorphic (mean HE = 0.58, mean number of alleles = 4.4). Successful characterization of 10 of these loci was also achieved for P. pumila pumila. These markers should be useful in future investigation of colonization of P. parva and the development of conservation strategies for P. pumila pumila.
Development and characterization of novel microsatellite markers from the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Authors: Aggarwal Ramesh K. , Velavan T. P. , Udaykumar D. , Hendre P. S. , Shanker Kartik , Choudhury B. C. , Singh Lalji
Published: December 2004

Olive ridley turtles, although widely distributed globally and in Indian coastal waters, have undergone declines in recent years due to anthropogenic factors, particularly fishery‐related mortality. Assessment of genetic variability in existing populations is critical to the development of effective conservation strategies. Here we describe the development of six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci from a simple sequence repeat‐enriched genomic DNA library of olive ridley turtle. Characterization of five of these loci using 83 individual olive ridley turtles revealed eight to 24 alleles per locus, high observed and expected heterozygosity values and broad cross‐species amplifications. The sixth microsatellite was found to be monomorphic in the olive ridley samples but was polymorphic in two related marine turtle species. These microsatellites thus provide efficient genetic markers to understand the population structure, phylogeography and species relationships of olive ridley and other marine turtle species.
Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism markers for the fungal banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Authors: Zapater M. F. , Rakotonantoandro A. , Cohen S. , Carlier J.
Published: December 2004

Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were developed to study populations of the fungal banana pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Twelve markers were defined, 11 in anonymous and single‐copy nuclear DNA sequences and one in the internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S rDNA sequence. The polymerase chain reaction products obtained with locus‐specific primer pairs were digested with restriction enzymes to reveal polymorphism. Between five and 12 markers were polymorph in M. fijiensis populations from different geographical origins (Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Cameroon and Latin America). The mean of allele number and gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) per locus in the different geographical populations ranged between 1.4 and 2.7 and 0.17 and 0.45, respectively.
Isolation, characterization and cross‐salmonid amplification of 31 microsatellite loci in the lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis, Mitchill)
Authors: Rogers Sean M. , Marchand Marie‐Hélène , Bernatchez Louis
Published: December 2004

Coregonine fish represent the most successful evolutionary lineage of salmonids with Coregonus as the most speciose salmonid genus inhabiting numerous postglacial lakes across the northern hemisphere. We isolated and characterized 31 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Coregonus clupeaformis with an average number of 5.3 alleles per locus (range three to eight) and an overall expected heterozygosity of 0.74 ± 0.11. Two loci revealed significant linkage associations through analyses of mapping families. Six additional salmonid taxa assessed for cross‐species amplification revealed between 18 and 26 positive amplifications and between two and 12 polymorphic loci per species.
splatche: a program to simulate genetic diversity taking into account environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Currat M. , Ray N. , Excoffier L.
Published: December 2004

We present a program called splatche (SPatiaL And Temporal Coalescences in Heterogeneous Environments) to simulate the molecular diversity of samples of genes in an environmentally heterogeneous world. Simulations are performed by, first, simulating the colonization of the world using environmental information to constrain migrations and local densities. These simulated densities and migration rates recorded over time and space are then used to simulate genetic diversity under a coalescent framework. The program thus virtually allows the translation of ecological information into molecular diversity, a novel approach that can be used to study the effect of climatic change on genetic diversity.
Development of microsatellite markers in Rhizophora stylosa using a dual‐suppression‐polymerase chain reaction technique
Authors: Islam M. S. , Lian C. , Kameyama N. , Wu B. , Hogetsu T.
Published: December 2004

Rhizophora stylosa is an ecologically important mangrove tree species that is found in tropical and subtropical regions. We isolated five polymorphic microsatellite loci from R. stylosa using a dual‐suppression‐polymerase chain reaction technique. These loci provided microsatellite markers with polymorphism of four alleles in each locus for overall population. The mean expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.113 to 0.473.
Crystalline lens parameters in infancy
Authors: Wood Ivan C. J. , Mutti Donald O. , Zadnik Karla
Published: December 2004

Despite the importance of lens power to ocular development, few data are available regarding infant crystalline lens parameters. Lens and corneal curvatures were measured using a video‐based keratophakometer, and refractive error was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy in 19 out of 27 infants ranging in age from 3 to 18 months. The median spherical equivalent refractive error was +1.00 D, and the median corneal power was 43.3 D. Using previously reported values for axial ocular dimensions, the median anterior and posterior lens radii of curvature were 8.8 mm and 5.7 mm, respectively, both substantially flatter than infant schematic eye values. The median equivalent refractive index of the lens was 1.50. There were no age‐related trends in lens radii, refractive error, or corneal radius, suggesting that calculated values for lens power and equivalent index may undergo substantial decline with age. Most of the decrease in lens power (79%) appeared to be due to decreases in equivalent index rather than to flattening of the surface curvatures. Phakometry appears to be a feasible and useful technique for documenting the role of the crystalline lens in infant ocular development.
Polarization properties of thein vitroold human crystalline lens
Authors: Bueno Juan M. , Campbell Melanie C. W.
Published: December 2004

We have studied the spatially resolved polarization properties of thein vitrointact old human crystalline lens (from 56 to 88 years old) by using Mueller‐matrix imaging polarimetry. Analysis was performed within an average of 54 h of death. Results show that the overall retardation is small (7° on average) and decreases from the centre of the lens to the periphery. Lenticular birefringence is linear but has a spatial dependence, reducing outwards along the radius. The distribution of azimuthal angle of the birefringent structure of the crystalline lens changes depending on each individual lens. Diattenuation and polarizance were found to be small, however, depolarization was about 35% for the set of lenses studied here.
Experience and training as determinants of grading reliability when assessing the severity of contact lens complications
Authors: Efron Nathan , Morgan Philip B. , Farmer Craig , Furuborg Jan , Struk Robert , Carney Leo G.
Published: December 2004

Purpose: A study was conducted to investigate the influence of experience and training on grading reliability when assessing the severity of contact lens complications.

Methods: Twenty‐three optometry students who were unfamiliar with the use of grading scales each used the Efron Grading Tutor computer program to ascertain grading reliability at an ‘initial’ experimental session and a ‘final’ session 3 weeks later. Twelve subjects (the ‘trained’ group) were given a tutorial on grading techniques and were asked to complete two grading exercises between the initial and final sessions. The other 11 subjects (the ‘untrained’ group) received no such training between the two sessions. Differences in grading reliability between the initial and final grading sessions were evaluated.

Results: Grading reliability was superior (lower) for the combined subject cohort at the final session (mean ± standard deviation 0.33 ± 0.12) compared with the initial session (0.46 ± 0.25) (p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in the improvement in grading reliability between the two groups.

Conclusions:  Grading reliability improves statistically with some experience, although perhaps not to a clinically meaningful extent. No added benefit can be derived from supplemental training.
Variation of multifocal electroretinogram with axial length
Authors: Chan H. L. , Mohidin N.
Published: December 2004

Introduction: The first‐order kernel response of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) decreases in myopia. A recent study indicates that the flash ERG is also reduced with increased axial length. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations in the first‐order response (K1) and the first slice of second‐order response (K2.1) across the retina for different axial lengths.

Methods: Thirty healthy subjects with axial length from 23.72 to 28.13 mm (spherical equivalent refractive errors from plano to −10.50 D) were recruited for mfERG measurement using VERIS 4.0. All subjects were fully corrected after cycloplegic refraction and pupils were dilated prior to mfERG recording. There is one trough, n1, and one peak, p1, in the K1 response and three troughs, n1, n2, n3, and three peaks, p1, p2, p3, in the K2.1 response. The amplitudes and implicit times of K1 and K2.1 responses were analysed to determine the characteristic of the responses across retina and the correlation to axial length.

Results: The amplitudes of p1 (in the first‐order kernel‐K1) decreased in the central region and the paracentral region (ring 3) as the axial length increased. The central retinal region showed high rates of reduction in both n1 and p1 (in K1). The amplitudes of n1p1 and n2p2 (in the first slice of the second‐order kernel‐K2.1) were reduced in the paracentral region (from ring 2 to ring 5) as axial length increased. The average n1 and p1 in K1, and n1p1 and n2p2 in K2.1 mfERG responses are decreased in amplitude by 6–10% per millimetre elongation of axial length.

Conclusion: Eyes with longer axial lengths, usually with high myopia, have a weaker mfERG response and this attenuation is across the measured retina (from central to paracentral regions) but different kernel responses show a different pattern of attenuation at different retinal eccentricities. The weaker mfERG responses may be related to the morphological changes associated with increased axial length.
The asphericity, curvature and tilt of the human cornea measured using a videokeratoscope
Authors: Douthwaite William A.
Published: December 2004

The EyeSys videokeratoscope (VK) measurements of the principal corneal meridians of 98 subjects already analysed by Douthwaite et al. [Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. (1999)19:467–474] were re‐analysed in order to revise the assessment of asphericity, to derive information on corneal tilt and to assess the degree to which the corneal section approximates to that of a conic section. The range of normality for the revised p‐value (asphericity) was from 0.57 to 0.97 for the near horizontal and from 0.56 to 1.08 in the near vertical principal meridians. The approximate corneal tilt angles ranged from −3.95 to +8.13 degrees in the horizontal and from −8.99 to +9.33 degrees in the vertical meridian. A tilted conicoidal surface will display a linear relationship (r = 1) when a scatterplot is drawn of the perpendicular distance squared vs radius squared, after first averaging the two semimeridian results for each VK ring. Analysing the results from the human cornea in the same way allows an assessment of the degree to which the corneal section approximates to that of the conic section.
Age, lens transmittance, and the possible effects of light on melatonin suppression
Authors: Charman W. N.
Published: December 2004

Recently it has been suggested that a previously undetected, rhodopsin‐based, visual pigment, located in some retinal ganglion cells and having a peak sensitivity around 460 nm, may be responsible for light‐induced melatonin suppression and, perhaps, maintenance of the circadian rhythm. Using data from the literature, it is shown that, as absorption in the crystalline lens for shorter visible wavelengths increases substantially with age, while the pupil diameter tends to decrease, the effective retinal exposure received under the same ambient lighting conditions by the pigment is almost 10 times lower in an old, as compared with a young, eye. Interestingly, replacement of the old crystalline lens by an intraocular implant restores the exposure to youthful levels. The possible effects of these changes with age on circadian rhythms are discussed.
Morphology of corneal nerves in soft contact lens wear. A comparative study using confocal microscopy
Authors: Oliveira‐Soto Laura , Efron Nathan
Published: December 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal innervation in soft contact lens wearers using the Tomey Confoscan confocal microscope (40×/0.75 objective lens). Three distinct age‐ and sex‐matched subject groups were involved, including extended soft (hydrogel and silicone‐hydrogel) contact lens wearers, overnight soft (hydrogel) contact lens wearers, and non contact lens wearers. A number of variables were objectively measured, subjectively evaluated, or graded in order to investigate the distribution and morphology of corneal nerves. For most of the evaluated parameters, no statistically significant differences were found. However, qualitative observations showed noticeable differences in corneal nerve appearance among the different subject groups; the degree of corneal oedema was suggested as the main causative factor. In conclusion, neither the short‐term (overnight wear) nor the long‐term (12‐month extended wear) soft contact lens wear appeared to affect the morphology and/or distribution of corneal nerves as viewed with confocal microscopy.
Linear birefringence measurements of the in vitro human cornea
Authors: Jaronski Jarosław W. , Kasprzak Henryk T.
Published: December 2004

This paper presents results of an in vitro investigation of the optical anisotropy of the human cornea. Computer controlled imaging polarimetry and the Jones formalism were used to investigate the distribution of the birefringence and the azimuth angle across the surface of 12 corneas taken from the corneal bank. Each map of the birefringence and the azimuth angle has no rotational symmetry and is different for each cornea. The minimal value of the birefringence always appears in the corneal centre and varies from 9 to 43° for different corneas. Birefringence of the cornea increases monotonically more than one order in the direction of the corneal periphery. Close to the centre of the cornea the azimuth angle is almost constant and varies significantly away from the optical part of the cornea.