bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Bus Transit Network: A Perspective from the Daily Activity-Travel Organization of Travelers
Authors: Schultheiss Marc-Edouard
Published: February 2022

In a context where daily car use is a spontaneous and habitual choice for a wide majority of the population, the quality of the alternatives to individual motorized vehicles is a major factor in encouraging modal shift. The ease of access to public transport can influence the mode choice decision process. However, the diversity of activity-travel patterns questions the definition of a unique and homogeneous accessibility and level-of-service to all travelers. The aim of this paper is to identify, with the help of standard data (micro-census and open data), for whom, when and where the transit supply is adequate or not. The approach is based on a twofold methodology. First, we aim to identify differentiated typical activity-travel patterns among the population. Second, to decompose them in transit supply in time and space. Combined, these two elements synthesize a spatially- and temporally-based demand-supply gap index. The results show for which territories, time slots and population groups the supply is defective or excessive with respect to the demand. Generally speaking, the supply is particularly well dimensioned for the dominant groups, such as commuters, including long-distance travelers, who are mainly men. The imbalances in supply over time and space reveal a differentiated accessibility but also significant socio-spatial inequalities.
A Statistical Analysis of Hazardous Chemical Fatalities (HCFs) in China between 2015 and 2021
Authors: Zhou Keping , Xiao Luwei , Lin Yun , Yuan Danling , Wang Jiachuang
Published: February 2022

To study the occurrence characteristics of hazardous chemical accidents in China, mathematical analysis methods were used to study hazardous chemical fatalities (HCFs) in recent years. This research focused on selecting seven accident characteristics including time characteristics, geographical characteristics, accident type characteristics, hazardous chemical types, hazardous chemical production links, accident cause characteristics, and accident classification. The research results show that: (1) the occurrence of HCFs has obvious time-domain and regional characteristics, the number of casualties on Wednesday working days is the largest, 9:00–11:00 (inclusive) and 15:00–16:00 (inclusive) in a day are the two time periods with the largest number of incidents, the number of hazardous chemical accidents and deaths in economically developed coastal provinces is relatively high; (2) Analyze according to the type of accident statistics, the number of accidents and deaths caused by explosions, poisoning, asphyxiation, and fire are the largest; (3) Analyze according to the type of hazardous chemicals, drugs, compressed gas and liquefied gas, flammable solids, and spontaneous combustion materials, as well as flammable materials when wet are the types of hazardous chemicals that cause the most casualties; (4) Analyze according to the type of hazardous chemical accidents, the number of accidents and deaths caused in the production process is the largest; (5) Analyze according to the type of unsafe behavior by personnel, operator errors, the ignorance of safety, and the ignorance of warnings are the main causes of injuries and deaths caused by hazardous chemicals.; (6) Through single-factor feature analysis and multi-feature comprehensive cross-discussion, countermeasures, and suggestions for preventing and controlling accidents in hazardous chemical enterprises are put forward according to the characteristics of accidents caused by different accident characteristics.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Surfaces in 2021
Authors:   Surfaces Editorial Office
Published: February 2022

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Surfaces maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
Simplification of Galactic Dynamic Equations
Authors: Gu Ying-Qiu
Published: February 2022

Galactic dynamics is the foundation for simulating galactic structure and for solving other problems. However, the traditional dynamic equations include some unreasonable assumptions and are therefore scientifically invalid. In this paper, by introducing the following three working assumptions, we established the galactic dynamics of high precision and convenient formalism. 1. In the research of large-scale structure, the retarded potential of the gravitational field should be taken into account, and the weak field and low velocity approximation of Einstein’s field equation should be adopted. 2. The stars in a fully developed galaxy should be zero-pressure and inviscid fluid, and the equation of motion is different from that of ordinary continuum mechanics. Stars move along geodesics. 3. The structure of the galaxy is only related to the total mass density distribution. The equation of state of dark halo is different from that of ordinary luminous interstellar matter, so their trajectories are also very different. In a galaxy, the dark halo and the ordinary matter are automatically separated. The total mass density distribution can be presupposed according to the observation data, and then it can be determined by comparing the solution of the equations with the observed data. These assumptions and treatments are supported by theory and observation. The variables of the equations of simplified galactic dynamics are separated from each other, and the equations are well-posed and can be solved according to a definite procedure. The solution explains the Tully–Fisher relation. Therefore, this simplified dynamic equation system provides a more reasonable and practical framework for the further study of galactic structure, and can solve many practical problems. In addition, it is closely related to the study of dark matter halo in galaxy.
Overcoming the Crisis of the Reviewing Process: Responsibility of a Scientific Journal
Authors: Quaia Emilio , Crimì Filippo , Baratella Elisa
Published: February 2022

Manuscript reviewers and the accuracy of the review process are fundamental to the quality of a scientific journal [...]
Triiodothyronine or Antioxidants Block the Inhibitory Effects of BDE-47 and BDE-49 on Axonal Growth in Rat Hippocampal Neuron-Glia Co-Cultures
Authors: Chen Hao , Carty Rhianna , Bautista Adrienne , Hayakawa Keri , Lein Pamela
Published: February 2022

We previously demonstrated that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) inhibit the growth of axons in primary rat hippocampal neurons. Here, we test the hypothesis that PBDE effects on axonal morphogenesis are mediated by thyroid hormone and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanisms. Axonal growth and ROS were quantified in primary neuronal-glial co-cultures dissociated from neonatal rat hippocampi exposed to nM concentrations of BDE-47 or BDE-49 in the absence or presence of triiodothyronine (T3; 3–30 nM), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC; 100 µM), or α-tocopherol (100 µM). Co-exposure to T3 or either antioxidant prevented inhibition of axonal growth in hippocampal cultures exposed to BDE-47 or BDE-49. T3 supplementation in cultures not exposed to PBDEs did not alter axonal growth. T3 did, however, prevent PBDE-induced ROS generation and alterations in mitochondrial metabolism. Collectively, our data indicate that PBDEs inhibit axonal growth via ROS-dependent mechanisms, and that T3 protects axonal growth by inhibiting PBDE-induced ROS. These observations suggest that co-exposure to endocrine disruptors that decrease TH signaling in the brain may increase vulnerability to the adverse effects of developmental PBDE exposure on axonal morphogenesis.
Chromosome Damage in Relation to Recent Radiation Exposure and Radiation Quality in Nuclear Power Plant Workers
Authors: Kim Yang Jee , Lee Joong Won , Cho Yoon Hee , Choi Young Joo , Lee Younghyun , Chung Hai Won
Published: February 2022

Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen that causes genomic instability. However, the biological and carcinogenetic effects of occupational radiation exposure at low doses have not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to assess chromosomal instability in power plant workers exposed to occupational radiation at low doses in South Korea. Chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of 201 nuclear power plant workers and 59 sex-matched controls were measured. Chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of 201 nuclear power plant workers (mean age: 41.4 ± 10.0 years) and 59 sex-matched controls (mean age: 47.2 ± 6.0 years) were measured. A total of 500 metaphases for each subject were scored randomly. The means of recent 1.5-year, recent 5.5-year, and cumulative exposed radiation doses among workers were 8.22 ± 7.0 mSv, 30.7 ± 22.0 mSv, and 158.8 ± 86.1 mSv, respectively. The frequency of chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations was significantly higher in workers than that in the control group (p < 0.001), and the frequency of chromosome-type aberrations among workers increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner (τ = 0.16, p = 0.005). Poisson regression analyses revealed that chromosome-type aberrations were significantly associated with recent 1.5-year dose after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, smoking, and alcohol intake, even when only the exposed worker was considered. Frequency of multi-aberrant cells (two or more chromosome aberrations within a cell) increased according to cumulative neutron exposure. Our study demonstrates that chromosome damage can be induced in nuclear power plant workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation at low doses below the occupational permissible dose limit. Furthermore, an increase in multi-aberrant cells may provide evidence for chronic neutron exposure in nuclear power plant workers. This study was performed to obtain baseline data for a surveillance program of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation long-term.
Neuro-Particle Swarm Optimization Based In-Situ Prediction Model for Heavy Metals Concentration in Groundwater and Surface Water
Authors: De Jesus Kevin Lawrence M. , Senoro Delia B. , Dela Cruz Jennifer C. , Chan Eduardo B.
Published: February 2022

Limited monitoring activities to assess data on heavy metal (HM) concentration contribute to worldwide concern for the environmental quality and the degree of toxicants in areas where there are elevated metals concentrations. Hence, this study used in-situ physicochemical parameters to the limited data on HM concentration in SW and GW. The site of the study was Marinduque Island Province in the Philippines, which experienced two mining disasters. Prediction model results showed that the SW models during the dry and wet seasons recorded a mean squared error (MSE) ranging from 6 × 10−7 to 0.070276. The GW models recorded a range from 5 × 10−8 to 0.045373, all of which were approaching the ideal MSE value of 0. Kling–Gupta efficiency values of developed models were all greater than 0.95. The developed neural network-particle swarm optimization (NN-PSO) models for SW and GW were compared to linear and support vector machine (SVM) models and previously published deterministic and artificial intelligence (AI) models. The findings indicated that the developed NN-PSO models are superior to the developed linear and SVM models, up to 1.60 and 1.40 times greater than the best model observed created by linear and SVM models for SW and GW, respectively. The developed models were also on par with previously published deterministic and AI-based models considering their prediction capability. Sensitivity analysis using Olden’s connection weights approach showed that pH influenced the concentration of HM significantly. Established on the research findings, it can be stated that the NN-PSO is an effective and practical approach in the prediction of HM concentration in water resources that contributes a solution to the limited HM concentration monitored data.
Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish
Authors: Kassotis Christopher , LeFauve Matthew , Chiang Yu-Ting , Knuth Megan , Schkoda Stacy , Kullman Seth
Published: February 2022

Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), are high-production-volume surfactants used in laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, pesticide formulations, textile production, oils, paints, and other products. NPEOs comprise −80% of the total production of APEOs and are widely reported across diverse environmental matrices. Despite a growing push for replacement products, APEOs continue to be released into the environment through wastewater at significant levels. Research into related nonionic surfactants from varying sources has reported metabolic health impacts, and we have previously demonstrated that diverse APEOs and alcohol polyethoxylates promote adipogenesis in the murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model. These effects appeared to be independent of the base alkylphenol and related to the ethoxylate chain length, though limited research has evaluated NPEO exposures in animal models. The goals of this study were to assess the potential of NPEOs to promote adiposity (Nile red fluorescence quantification) and alter growth and/or development (toxicity, length, weight, and energy expenditure) of developmentally exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also sought to expand our understanding of the ability to promote adiposity through evaluation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Herein, we demonstrated consistent adipogenic effects in two separate human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell models, and that nonylphenol and its ethoxylates promoted weight gain and increased adipose deposition in developmentally exposed zebrafish. Notably, across both cell and zebrafish models we report increasing adipogenic/obesogenic activity with increasing ethoxylate chain lengths up to maximums around NPEO-6 and then decreasing activity with the longest ethoxylate chain lengths. This research suggests metabolic health concerns for these common obesogens, suggesting further need to assess molecular mechanisms and better characterize environmental concentrations for human health risk assessments.
Molecular Survey and Identification of Campylobacter spp. in Layer Farms in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Wayou Behailu Assefa , Kassa Gezahegne Mamo , Sori Teshale , Mondin Alessandra , Tucciarone Claudia Maria , Cecchinato Mattia , Pasotto Daniela
Published: February 2022

Few data are available on Campylobacter spp. presence in chickens in Ethiopia. Due to its importance for both the poultry sector and public health, a sampling activity was planned to evaluate Campylobacter spp. presence in layer farms in Bishoftu and Mojo, Central Ethiopia. Twenty cloacal pooled samples were collected and tested with molecular assays for detection and Sanger-sequenced for species identification. As a secondary aim, samples were also tested for Salmonella spp. by PCR, and all samples were negative. On the other hand, 70% of cloacal swab pools were positive for Campylobacter spp.: 71.4% of the positive samples belonged to C. jejuni species, 21.4% to C. avium and 7.1% to C. helveticus. Campylobacter spp. was identified in almost all farms regardless of farm and flock size, age and hybrid types of the birds and antimicrobial treatment. Campylobacter jejuni is a common finding in chickens, whereas species such as C. avium and C. helveticus were newly reported in Ethiopia, revealing a variability that needs to be monitored in light of the public health significance of this pathogen.
Spatially Hyperbolic Gravitating Sources in Λ-Dominated Era
Authors: Yousaf Z.
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the impact of the cosmological constant on hyperbolically symmetric matter configurations in a static background. I extend the work of Herrera et al. 2021. and describe the influences of such a repulsive character on a few realistic features of hyperbolical anisotropic fluids. After describing the Einstein-Λ equations of motion, I elaborate the corresponding mass function along with its conservation laws. In our study, besides observing negative energy density, I notice the formation of a Minkowskian core as matter content is compelled not to follow inward motion near the axis of symmetry. Three families of solutions are found in the Λ-dominated epoch. The first is calculated by keeping the Weyl scalar to a zero value, while the second solution maintains zero complexity in the subsequent changes of the hyperbolical compact object. However, the last model encompasses stiff fluid within the self-gravitating system. Such a type of theoretical setup suggests its direct link to study a few particular quantum scenarios where negative behavior of energy density is noticed at the Λ-dominated regime.
Acupuncture Improves Heart Rate Variability, Oxidative Stress Level, Exercise Tolerance, and Quality of Life in Tracheal Collapse Dogs
Authors: Chueainta Phurion , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Tangjitjaroen Weerapongse , Pongkan Wanpitak , Boonyapakorn Chavalit
Published: February 2022

Among the respiratory disorders in dogs from small breeds, tracheal collapse is one of the most commonly found in clinical practice. Presently, acupuncture is widely used as an alternative treatment which was shown to bring about positive effects in the treatment of human respiratory diseases. The present study demonstrated the effect of acupuncture on tracheal collapse dogs. We hypothesized that acupuncture can help dogs suffering from tracheal collapse by improving various parameters including heart rate variability, serum biomarkers for oxidative stress, exercise performance, and quality of life. Twenty client-owned dogs from small breeds with tracheal collapse disease were enrolled. The study was divided into two 5-week periods. During the first period, the dogs received normal veterinary care but received no acupuncture treatment (NAC). After completing that period, all forms of treatment were withheld for one week before the beginning of the second period. In the second period, all dogs restarted normal veterinary care and underwent acupuncture treatment (AC) once a week for five consecutive weeks. Blood was collected at the beginning and end of each of the two periods for malondialdehyde (MDA) level measurement. Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded at the 1st, 3rd and 5th weeks of both periods. Exercise tests were performed at the beginning and end of AC period and questionnaire interviews with the owners were accomplished at the end of each period. The results showed that acupuncture can alleviate clinical signs of tracheal collapse, reduce MDA level, and improve sympathovagal balance. We suggest that acupuncture treatment could be used as an adjunct treatment for canine tracheal collapse.
Predictive Value of Grooming Behavior for Development of Dermatitis in Selectively Bred P Rats as a Model of Trichotillomania Hair Pulling Disorder
Authors: Hickman Debra , Prakash Anjali , Bell Richard
Published: February 2022

Trichotillomania (TTM) is a body-focused repetitive disorder affecting as much as 0.5 to 2% of the population, with women four times more likely to be affected than men. This disorder causes impairment in daily function and significant distress. A potential animal model for this disorder is the inbred C57BL/6J mouse which displays clinical signs and behavioral characteristics similar to those described for people affected by this disorder. Because alcohol-preferring P rats also display similar clinical signs and behavioral characteristics, it was hypothesized that this selectively bred stock could be an additional animal model. In this study, 112 female P rats were recorded on digital media for 15 min after being sprayed with a mist of water and assessed for grooming patterns—oral, manual, and scratching. Significant elevations in scratching and oral grooming behavior were predictive of the future development of skin lesions. These findings suggest that P rats may be an additional model to study TTM, with the advantage of increased genetic variation (i.e., non-inbred) which mirrors the human population. The use of this model may help to identify preventative and therapeutic interventions for humans and other animals with similar body-focused repetitive disorders.
The Effect of Needle Reuse on Piglet Skin Puncture Force
Authors: Owen Kathryn , Blackie Nicola , Gibson Troy John
Published: February 2022

The study investigated whether the repeat use of needles used to inject piglets with iron, influences the force required to puncture into piglet cadaver skin. Pig units (n = 31) were surveyed on needle reuse and injection practices, and these findings informed subsequent laboratory-based experiments on needle puncture force into piglet cadaver tissues. A 21 G 5/8” needle was reported as the most used needle type (67.7%), with 80.6% reporting needle reuse; 38.7% changed the needle between litters or earlier if damaged, 16.1% every three litters and 22.5% when it felt blunt or damaged, after each injection session or when changing the bottle of iron solution. There was a significant difference in puncture force between the 1st and 36th use (p < 0.05), and between the 1st and 100th use (p = 0.0015), but not between the 1st and 12th or 36th use (p > 0.999 and p = 0.8313, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed appreciable damage to the needle tip after 12 uses. The repeat use of needles in piglet cadavers increased the force of needle puncture compared to first-time use. When extrapolated to live animals, the use of blunt needles has the potential to cause pain and distress.
Experimental Evaluation of the Driving Parameters in Human–Structure Interaction
Authors: Lucà Francescantonio , Berardengo Marta , Manzoni Stefano , Scaccabarozzi Diego , Vanali Marcello , Drago Loris
Published: February 2022

Many studies in the literature have already evidenced that pedestrians are able to change the dynamic properties of slender structures (e.g., footbridges and staircases). The aim of this paper is to analyse which pedestrians’ features mostly affect the structure behaviour, in order to properly account for them in a human–structure interaction problem, while disregarding the less relevant ones. This is accomplished by measuring the apparent mass (i.e., the frequency response function between the vibration of the structure at the contact point and the consequent force exerted by the pedestrian to the structure itself) curves of human bodies and coupling them to the dynamics of a slender structure. In more detail, this paper aims at analysing which factors must be accounted for among intra-subject variability (i.e., the dynamic behaviour of the same subject can change because it is characterised by a natural dispersion), inter-subject variability (i.e., different subjects have different dynamic behaviours) and the posture (i.e., the same subject changes posture during motion and this causes a change of his/her dynamic features). The influence of the apparent mass properties on the modal parameters of the hosting structure is addressed by means of a modal approach.
Influence of Adhesive Tapes as Thermal Interface Materials on the Thermal Load of a Compact Electrical Machine
Authors: Graichen Henrik-Christian , Sauerhering Jörg , Stamann Olena , Beyrau Frank , Boye Gunar
Published: February 2022

In this article, a novel form of thermal interface material (TIM), represented by three industrially manufactured pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes with electrical insulating properties, is characterized regarding its applicability in an electric motor with air-gap winding. Firstly, the adhesion performances, in terms of the winding process, were investigated experimentally. Here, every TIM shows sufficient shear strength for the wire–TIM joints, as well as peel adhesion to the laminated iron core. Secondly, the thermal–physical properties of the TIMs are inspected experimentally via laser flash analysis (LFA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For every TIM, the value of the thermal resistance can double if the relatively smooth surface (Ra = 0.2 μm) of the adjacent layers is interchanged with a rougher one (Ra = 2.0–3.7 μm). Additionally, the TIM’s performance at the system level is examined. Therefore, a flat test section, according to the specifications of the original motor, is studied experimentally and numerically utilizing infrared (IR) thermography and the finite element method (FEM). The focus is set on the heat flow and temperature distribution in the test section under varying thermal loads, mass flow, and variety of TIMs.
Analysis of types of communication services for 6G
Authors: Simeonova Tsvetelina
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the different types of communication services, requirements and applications related to 6G deployment, in accordance to those in 5G, and based on the definitions in the ITU recommendations. In this regard, the requirements for 6G and key performance indicators related to applications for 6G are described, arising from technological development. The results are related to obtaining summary information about the structures and features of the functioning of the various proposed communication services. Classification of the types of services in 6G has been made (new types of services in 6G, combined types of services in 6G (based on types of services in 5G), introduction of standard communication services to maintain potential scenarios for application in 6G communications). The contributions of the work are related to the in-depth analysis of the relationship between the type of services and defined requirements for 6G, presented in tabular form and conclusions are drawn.
Innovation project – SafeBike
Authors: Ganchev Stoyan Hristov
Published: February 2022

This article presents a student project finalist in the annual competition for the TWENTY-FIRST STUDENT SECTION - US’21 May 15 - 16, 2021. The development is a full-featured model-prototype of an electronic smart device supporting safety when riding a bicycle. It consists of hardware and software implementation.
Elecciones presidenciales y legislativas Costa Rica 2022
Authors: Terminio Ilka
Published: February 2022

Costa Rica llevó a cabo elecciones generales el pasado 6 de febrero. El porcentaje de votos obtenido por las candidaturas harán necesaria la celebración de un balotaje entre el expresidente José María Figueres, del partido Liberación Nacional, y el recién llegado a la política, Rodrigo Chaves, de Progreso Social Democrático. La participación electoral para estos comicios ha sido la más baja en la historia democrática, con un 59,71%. Seis partidos llegaron a la Asamblea Legislativa, pero el oficialismo no consiguió ninguna diputación y tuvo una votación escasa. En esta elección se alcanzó el mayor número de legisladoras mujeres, con varias fracciones paritarias y únicamente una de carácter progresista. El balotaje se realizará el próximo 3 de abril entre dos figuras con serios cuestionamientos y en un ambiente de poco entusiasmo político.
verdadeiros brasileiros, os verdadeiros paulistas:
Authors: Octávio Bittencourt de Sousa Francisco
Published: February 2022

No final dos oitocentos foram realizadas algumas conferências que reuniram pessoas letradas para discutir o legado jesuíta na colonização. Uma dessas pessoas era José Vieira Couto de Magalhães. Em conferência publicada em 1897, o autor teceu árduas críticas ao genocídio indígena, atribuindo aos colonos a culpa pelo massacre. Essas críticas marcaram uma mudança de postura de Couto de Magalhães, antes escritor do império e reservado a críticas pontuais a colonização, tendo o desaparecimento dos indígenas como algo natural. A partir do contexto do último quartel do século XIX, já na república, marcada por projetos de modernização e discussão sobre a composição da identidade brasileira, pretende-se realizar uma análise não só do conteúdo da obra, mas de sua estrutura, dos autores e da sua repercussão. Almeja-se, por fim, delimitar os aspectos da percepção ecológica de Couto de Magalhães na obra e os caminhos para a pesquisa que se abrem a partir dela.
Entre o rural e o urbano:
Authors: Fortti Eduardo Luiz
Published: February 2022

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo entender a mistura entre o rural e o urbano no cotidiano dos moradores da cidade de São Paulo na virada do século XIX para o XX. Para compreender esse cotidiano foi necessário observar o grande crescimento populacional, entender a diversidade de origens desses novos moradores da cidade e como sobreviviam.  Além de apresentar como o rural e o urbano estavam próximos no cotidiano do paulistano e de como eles se relacionavam com as áreas verdes, rios e animais tão presentes na vida dos moradores da cidade, que muitas vezes eram vistos como grandes incômodos e atraso, mas também como um meio de sobrevivência para os menos abastados.
Rio São Francisco e a hidrelétrica de Três Marias:
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Adriana
Published: February 2022

O Rio São Francisco, que nasce em Minas Gerais e atravessa vários estados do Nordeste, é um dos mais importantes rios brasileiros, tendo sido chamado, em certa época, inclusive, o rio da integração nacional. O uso social do São Francisco é intenso e diversificado, tendo papel de destaque inclusive no que se refere à navegação. A partir de meados do século 20 o rio começou a mudar mais rapidamente. A proposta do artigo é documentar e problematizar a construção da Hidrelétrica de Três Marias (1957 a 1962), localizada no Alto/Médio São Francisco, que teve grande impacto sócio-ambiental, alterando a vida das populações ribeirinhas e atraindo novos moradores para a região em razão. A represa articulava-se ao “Plano de Metas” de Juscelino Kubitschek que governou o Brasil entre 1956 a 1961. Planejada para ser uma das maiores hidrelétricas do país, acreditava-se que iria conter as enchentes e melhorar o serviço de transporte hidroviário.
Paradigma indiciário e Literatura: uma aproximação nos escritos de Sandra Jatahy Pesavento
Authors: Mambelli Arianne
Published: February 2022

Este artigo busca evidenciar a relação entre o posicionamento teórico-metodológico evocado pela historiadora Sandra Jatahy Pesavento e o paradigma indiciário proposto por Carlo Ginzburg. Trata-se de uma reflexão acerca dessa relação que pretende destacar os caminhos para o uso da Literatura como fonte histórica e seu caráter ampliador da perspectiva histórica, na medida em que a Literatura emerge como reduto das representações imagéticas de uma época e que, por isso, deve situar-se enquanto fonte privilegiada no estudo de uma Nova História Cultural que pretenda resgatar representações e formas de sensibilidades passadas.
Relatos de Vicente Ferreira Pires e de John M’ Leod sobre o Daomé:
Authors: Dos Santos Gonçalves Raphael
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo são analisados os relatos produzidos por dois viajantes que estiveram no reino do Daomé na virada do século XVIII para o século XIX: o sacerdote luso-baiano Vicente Ferreira Pires e o oficial militar inglês John M’Leod. A partir da análise comparativa dos dois relatos, contextualizados em suas condições de produção e de publicação, buscou-se demonstrar o potencial desses textos para o estudo historiográfico das relações diplomáticas entre o reino do Daomé e as nações europeias com quem negociava no comércio atlântico de escravizados. Buscou-se ainda demonstrar como os dois autores analisados, imbuídos de perspectivas eurocêntricas, explicitavam contradições do olhar europeu para o continente africano e revelavam, de forma inconsciente, aspectos da estrutura diplomática daomeana, habilmente construída por sua elite política.
CARACTERIZACIÓN MECÁNICA Y MICROESTRUCTURAL DE UN ACERO INOXIDABLE AISI:304 ENDURECIDO MEDIANTE NITRURACIÓN USANDO RESIDUOS DE MELAMINA
Authors:   Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos FIP, Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa UNSA, Av. Independencia s/n-Pab. Ing. Materiales, Arequipa, Perú., Rodríguez Valdivia Marcelo , Mollehuanca Caballero Edgard ,   Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería de Procesos FIP, Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa UNSA, Av. Independencia s/n-Pab. Ing. Materiales, Arequipa, Perú.
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en la nitruración de un acero inoxidable AISI: 304, sometido a un proceso de nitruración sólida reciclando residuos de melanina; que por su composición química constituye un adecuado material para el aporte de gases de nitrógeno. Las micrografías mostraron que el proceso de nitruración causa importantes cambios estructurales con formación de nitruros de Fe (γ´-Fe4N y ɛ-Fe2N), que incrementan sustancialmente la dureza superficial. Pruebas a 550°C/4horas, 580ºC/4 horas y 565ºC/3 horas, presentaron durezas superficiales de 30.17, 30.0 y 29.9 HRc; que representan un incremento del 67% cuando se compara con el acero en estado de suministro. El análisis estadístico aplicando un diseño experimental factorial, indicó que los principales factores que influyen sobre la dureza son: el tiempo de nitruración y su interacción con la temperatura con una significancia de 0.0094 y 0.0707 para un nivel de confianza de 90%. El espesor de la capa endurecida, es dependiente directamente de la concentración y de la velocidad de difusión de átomos de N que ingresan en el acero desde su superficie y se movilizan hacia el interior.
TRATAMIENTO DE EFLUENTE PETROLERO MEDIANTE OXIDACIÓN NO FOTOQUÍMICA Y FOTOQUÍMICA SOLAR, EMPLEANDO LODOS ROJOS COMO CATALIZADOR
Authors:   Centro de Investigaciones en Ambiente, Biología y Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela., Centeno-Bordones Guillermo , Labrador-Sánchez Henry ,   Laboratorio de Petróleo, Hidrocarburos y Derivados (PHD), Dpto. de Química, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
Published: February 2022

En esta investigación, se estudió la degradación de aguas residuales petroleras provenientes del proceso de mejoramiento experimental de crudo pesado y extrapesado, mediante procesos de oxidación avanzada (POA). La muestra de agua agria se caracterizó midiendo el pH, conductividad, turbidez y Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO) mediante el método HACH DR2010; la concentración de Hidrocarburos Totales de Petróleo (TPH) se determinó a través de la técnica de fluorescencia ultravioleta (UVF) Sitelab:EDRO:16. La concentración de cloruros se determinó según el Standard Methods 4500 (1995). Se aplicó para la determinación de metales Espectroscopia de Plasma Inducido acoplado a Masa (ICP-MS) y la concentración de sulfuros mediante la norma ASTM D4658-03. La identificación de las especies orgánicas mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a masa (GC-MS). Se aplicaron reacciones no fotoquímicas (Fenton-like) y fotoquímicas solares (fotoFenton-like y fotocatálisis solar) con un diseño de experimento factorial 22 con una réplica. Al agua tratada se le determinó pH, conductividad, DQO, TPH y la concentración remanente de peróxido de hidrógeno. La identificación de los iones generados se realizó mediante un Cromatógrafo Iónico (IC). En la reacción no fotoquímica se obtuvo una reducción de la DQO en un 83,42 % y en el TPH de 99,92%. Para el proceso fotoquímico solar se obtuvo una reducción del 91,16% de DQO y 100% para TPH. La conversión de sulfuro a sulfato en la primera técnica fue de 44,73% y la segunda en 99,99 %. Hubo mayor oxidación orgánica en la reacción fotoquímica solar obteniéndose carbonilos y ácidos carboxílicos de cadena corta.
Unsupervised Spectrum Anomaly Detection Method for Unauthorized Bands
Authors: Tian Yu , Liao Haihua , Xu Jing , Wang Ya , Yuan Shuai , Liu Naijin
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of wireless communication, spectrum plays increasingly important role in both military and civilian fields. Spectrum anomaly detection aims at detecting emerging anomaly signals and spectrum usage behavior in the environment, which is indispensable to secure safety and improve spectrum efficiency. However, spectrum anomaly detection faces many difficulties, especially for unauthorized frequency bands. In unauthorized bands, the composition of spectrum is complex and the anomaly usage patterns are unknown in prior. In this paper, a Variational Autoencoder- (VAE-) based method is proposed for spectrum anomaly detection in unauthorized bands. First of all, we theoretically prove that the anomalies in unauthorized bands will introduce Background Noise Enhancement (BNE) effect and Anomaly Signal Disappearance (ASD) effects after VAE reconstruction. Then, we introduce a novel anomaly metric termed as percentile (PER) score, which focuses on capturing the distribution variation of reconstruction error caused by ASD and BNE. In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, we developed an ISM Anomaly Detection (IAD) dataset. The proposed PER score achieves superior performance against different type of anomalies. For QPSK type anomaly, our method increases the recall rate from 80% to 93% while keeping a false alarm rate of 5%. The proposed method is beneficial to broadband spectrum sensing and massive spectrum data processing. The code will be released at
git@github.com
:QXSLAB/vae_ism_ano.git.
Predicting Intrauterine Fetal Infection in Pregnant Women with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Матейко Г.Б. , Матвисив М.В.
Published: February 2022

Работа посвящена изучению факторов риска внутриутробного инфицирования плода у беременных женщин с хроническим гепатитом С на основе анализа клинико-лабораторных данных, занесенных в прогностическую карту с целью прогнозирования риска внутриутробного инфицирования плода.

The work is dedicated to the study of risk factors for intrauterine infection of the fetus in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis C based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory data entered in the prognostic chart in order to predict the risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus.
The Experience of Using Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (VHP VICTORY, STERIS) and Wet Steam (VACUDES, BMT) for Decontamination of Protective Overalls During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Алексеева М.Г. , Маджарова О.А. , Галицкая С.С.
Published: February 2022

Представлены результаты оценки качества проведенного обеззараживания защитных костюмов, используемых для работы в красной зоне Республиканского клинического медицинского центра Управления делами Президента Республики Беларусь в период с мая по декабрь 2020 г. В качестве методов дезинфекции комбинезонов после работы с пациентами, инфицированными коронавирусом COVID-19, использовались метод дезинфекции влажным паром в дезинфекционной камере и система биологического обеззараживания помещений сухим паром перекиси водорода. Проведен анализ эффективности обеззараживания, дана оценка сохранности костюмов, а также возможности повторного использования СИЗ после дезинфекции.

The study presents the results of assessing the quality of the disinfection of protective suits used for work in the red zone of the Republican Clinical Medical Center of the Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Belarus in the period from May to December 2020. As methods of disinfection of overalls after working with patients infected with coronavirus COVID-19, the method of disinfection with wet steam in a disinfection chamber was used, as well as a system for biological disinfection of premises with dry steam of hydrogen peroxide. The analysis of the effectiveness of disinfection was carried out, the safety of suits was assessed and the possibility of reusing PPE after disinfection was assessed.
The Role of IgA in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Анисько Л.А. , Рогачева Т.А. , Карпов И.А.
Published: February 2022

Иммунологические исследования широко используются в практической лабораторной медицине для диагностики инфекционных и неинфекционных заболеваний. В ряде публикаций имеются противоречивые сведения об использовании IgА для диагностики COVID-19инфекции. В данной статье приведены результаты исследований по определению IgА в сыворотке крови и носоглоточных смывах (НГС) от пациентов с коронавирусной инфекцией (КВИ).

Immunological studies are widely used in practical laboratory medicine for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. A number of publications contain conflicting information about the use of IgA for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. This article presents the results of studies on the determination of IgA in blood serum and nasopharyngeal washings from patients with coronavirus infection (CVI).
Neurochirurgie mini-invasive pendant l’enfance: indications et techniques
Authors: Luz Hannah , Jhala Tobias , Esslinger Peter , Lehner Markus
Published: February 2022

La neurochirurgie mini-invasive de l’enfant est axée principalement sur le traitement des troubles de la circulation du liquide céphalo-rachidien et est en première ligne du domaine de la neurochirurgie endoscopique. Historiquement les fondements de la neuroendoscopie ont été posés au début du 20ème siècle. Walter Dandy décrivit en 1918 l’ablation du plexus choroïde du ventricule latéral et du 4ème ventricule à l’aide d’un spéculum nasal.
Le ménisque latéral discoïde
Authors: Schneider Kerstin , Floimay Nikolaus , Sossai Roberto
Published: February 2022

Le ménisque latéral discoïde est la malformation congénitale la plus fréquente des ménisques. On distingue trois types. C’est dans l’espace asiatique, avec jusqu’à 17%, que la prévalence est la plus élevée. A cause de sa forme macroscopique, de sa structure tissulaire et d’une irrigation sanguine défavorable, il est exposé aux déchirures, même sans traumatisme concret.
STRATEGI PENGUMPULAN DAN PENYALURAN DANA INFAK/SEDEKAH ASN PADA BADAN AMIL ZAKAT NASIONAL (BAZNAS) KAB. POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Busrah Busrah , Damayanti Andi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang ”Strategi Pengumpulan dan Penyaluran dana Infak/Sedekah ASN pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kab. Polewali Mandar, yang menjadi fokus penelitian penulis adalah Lembaga Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kab. Polewali Mandar dalam mengumpulkan dan menyalurkan Dana Infak/sedekah ASN serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pengumpulan dan penyaluran dana Infak/sedekah ASN. Dalam menyusun Skripsi ini metode yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif deskriptif yaitu data yang dikumpulkan  berupa kata – kata, gambar bukan angka – angka, yang terdiri dari wawancara langsung dengan struktur kepemimpinan sampai kepada staf/anggota Baznas, dokumentasi kegiatan penulis, dan studi keperpustakaan yang terkait dengan judul penulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Strategi yang dilakukan Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kab. Polewali Mandar dalam bidang pengumpulan ialah dengan menyusun RKAT yang didalamnya memuat berbagai macam cara untuk mencapai target anggaran – anggaran yang diperlukan, salah satunya dengan melakukan kerja sama dengan berbagai OPD terkait data ASN untuk pembayaran zakat profesi dan mesjid – mesjid dalam hal ini iman didagunakan untuk menampung dana zakat dari masyarakat sekaligus sebagai media informasi/motivasi agar tingkat kesadaran, ketulusan dan keikhlasan masyarakat dapat lebih meningkat. Adapun faktor pendukung yang dimiliki Baznas ialah dengan adanya adanya sumber dana tetap, yaitu Infaq/sedekah ASN, infaq haji,dan akan ditambah lagi dengan zakat profesi yang akan diberlakukan per maret 2020, ditambah lagi letak kantor Baznas yang sangat strategis. Disamping faktor pendukung ada pula faktor penghambat ialah kurangnya tingkat kesadaran masyarakat tentang hukum islam mengenai baiknya mengeluarkan zakat, infak dan sedekah, serta masih kuatnya tradisi/kebiasaan yang ada di masyarakat untuk memberi zakat secara langsung.
PRAKTEK JUAL BELI BATU SUNGAI DALAM TINJAUA N HUKUM ISLAM DI LINGKUNGAN JAMBU TUA KELRAHAN DARMA KECAMATAN POEWALI
Authors: Alwi Muh. , Nurafifah Nurafifah
Published: February 2022

Permasalahan dari penelitian ini yaitu pemanfaatan dan pengambilan material sungai sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan yang berujung pada kerusakan alam. Adanya aktivitas usaha jual beli batu sungai tersebut mendatangkan mudharat yang menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya material batu disekitaran sungai.  Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah : 1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme jual beli batu sungai di Lingkungan Jambu tua, 2) Untuk mengetahui tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap jual beli batu sungai di Lingkungan Jambu Tua. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan praktek jual beli batu sungai yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Lingkungan Jambu Tua yakni masyarakat mengambil dan menjual batu-batuan di sungai dari dalam hingga ke pinggiran sekitar sungai dengan menggali sungai tersebut. Dalam pelaksanaan Praktek jual beli batu sungai di Lingkungan Jambu Tua dengan melihat dari segala manfaat dan mudharat yang ditimbulkan tidak boleh dilakukan dalam ketentuan hukum Islam karena pengambilan batu sungai yang berlebihan akan menyebabkan kerusakan pada sungai dan alam sekitarnya sehingga  menimbulkan kemudharatan bagi masyarakat yang lain dan dalam praktek ini telah melanggar aturan dari pemerintah setempat untuk tidak mengambil batu di sekitar sungai tersebut berdasarkan aturan yang berlaku dan tidak sah dalam hukum syariat islam karena menjual barang yang dilindungi oleh pemerintah dan kegiatan tersebut menyebabkan kerusakan alam.
PERAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDESA) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DESA KATUMBANGAN
Authors: Aziz Andi Sudarmin
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran BUMDesa Salosso dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat desa Katumbangan dan faktor pendukung serta penghambat BUMDesa Salosso dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat ddesa Katumbangan. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi (pengamatan langsung), wawancara (interview) dan dokumentasi berupa literatur yang mendukung. Implikasi dari Penelitian ini adalah: 1)BUMDesa Salosso perlu melakukan kegiatan pengenalan BUMDesa terhadap masyarakat secara merata agar masyarakat sadar akan pentingnya BUMDesa untuk kemajuan desa serta masyarakat, 2)BUMDesa Salosso sebauknya melakukan peminjaman barang terhadap masyarakat yang ingin berdagang, 3)BUMdesa Salosso sebaiknya mengganti jenis usaha toserba dengan jenis usaha lain, contohnya adalah air galon.
Púrpuras en la infancia
Authors:   , Boldrini Irma Beatriz
Published: February 2022

Las púrpuras se definen como un proceso patológico encuadrado dentro de las enfermedades hemorrágicas, siendo este su principal sintoma, ya sea en piel, mucosas, órganos internos u otros tejidos. Abordaré esta tema con tópicos generales, recayendo con mas detalles, sobre puntos fundamentales como son la etiopatogenia, fisiopatología y tratamiento.
Sistem Pendeteksi Kerusakan Buah Mangga Menggunakan Sensor Gas Dengan Metode DCS - LCA
Authors: Murad Murad , Sukmawaty Sukmawaty , Ansar Ansar , Sabani Rahmat , Hidayat Syahroni
Published: February 2022

Fruits, including mangoes, produce a wide variety of volatile organic compounds that give them their distinct aroma. Characteristics of fruit aroma is one of the important keys in determining consumer acceptance in the commercial fruit market based on individual preferences. So a possible way to determine the level of ripeness/damage is to feel the distinctive aroma presented by the fruit using a gas sensor. This study aims to build a system that can detect mango damage based on its aroma. The sensors used are TGS 2600, MQ3, MQ4, MQ2, and MQ8 which are connected to the Arduino Mega 2560. The learning model used is an ensemble learning model of Dynamic Classifier Selection (DCS) with Local Class Accuracy (LCA)/DCS-LCA. This algorithm combines Logistic Regression, Selection Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Neural Networks. The model was then tested with a comparison of the amount of test data and training data of 70%:30%. The test results showed that the overall system Accuracy was 75% and the ability to detect mango fruit damage was 71%. The DCS-LCA classifier model outperforms each of its constituent base classifiers.