bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Dynamics Underlying Prelimbic Prefrontal Cortical Regulation of Action Selection and Outcome Evaluation during Risk/Reward Decision-Making
Authors: Bercovici Debra A. , Princz-Lebel Oren , Schumacher Jackson D. , Lo Valerie M. , Floresco Stan B.
Published: January 2023

Risk/reward decision-making is a dynamic process that includes periods of deliberation before action selection and evaluation of the action outcomes that bias subsequent choices. Inactivation of the prelimbic (PL) cortex has revealed its integral role in updating decision biases in the face of changes in probabilistic reward contingencies, yet how phasic PL signals during different phases of the decision process influence choice remains unclear. We used temporally specific optogenetic inhibition to selectively disrupt PL activity coinciding with action selection and outcome phases to examine how these signals influence choice. Male rats expressing the inhibitory opsin eArchT within PL excitatory neurons were well trained on a probabilistic discounting task, entailing choice between small/certain versus large/risky rewards, the probability of which varied over a session (50–12.5%). During testing, brief light pulses suppressed PL activity before choice or after different outcomes. Prechoice suppression reduced bias toward more preferred/higher utility options and disrupted how recent outcomes influenced subsequent choice. Inhibition during risky losses induced a similar profile, but here, the impact of reward omissions were either amplified or diminished, relative to the context of the estimated profitability of the risky option. Inhibition during large or small reward receipt reduced risky choice when this option was more profitable, suggesting these signals can both reinforce rewarded risky choices and also act as a relative value comparator signal that augments incentive for larger rewards. These findings reveal multifaceted contributions by the PL in implementing decisions and integrating action–outcome feedback to assign context to the decision space.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe PL prefrontal cortex plays an integral role in guiding risk/reward decisions, but how activity in this region during different phases of the decision process influences choice is unclear. By using temporally specific optogenetic manipulations of this activity, the present study unveiled previously uncharacterized and differential contributions by PL in implementing decision policies and how evaluation of decision outcomes shape subsequent choice. These findings provide novel insight into the dynamic processes engaged by the PL that underlie action selection in situations involving reward uncertainty that may aid in understanding the mechanism underlying normal and aberrant decision-making processes.
Altered Neurovascular Coupling for Multidisciplinary Intensive Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Li , Piao Zhixin , Chen Keke , Yu Xin , Wen Qiping , Suo Dingjie , Zhang Chunyu , Funahashi Shintaro , Pei Guangying , Fang Boyan , Yan Tianyi
Published: January 2023

Effective rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to brain reorganization with restoration of cortico–subcortical networks and compensation of frontoparietal networks; however, further neural rehabilitation evidence from a multidimensional perspective is needed. To investigate how multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment affects neurovascular coupling, 31 PD patients (20 female) before and after treatment and 30 healthy controls (17 female) underwent blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling scans. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was used to measure perfusion, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was used to measure neural activity. The global CBF–fALFF correlation and regional CBF/fALFF ratio were calculated as neurovascular coupling. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to evaluate treatment-related alterations in the strength and directionality of information flow. Treatment reduced CBF–fALFF correlations. The altered CBF/fALFF exhibited increases in the left angular gyrus and the right inferior parietal gyrus and decreases in the bilateral thalamus and the right superior frontal gyrus. The CBF/fALFF alteration in right superior frontal gyrus showed correlations with motor improvement. Further, DCM indicated increases in connectivity from the superior frontal gyrus and decreases from the thalamus to the inferior parietal gyrus. The benefits of rehabilitation were reflected in the dual mechanism, with restoration of executive control occurring in the initial phase of motor learning and compensation of information integration occurring in the latter phase. These findings may yield multimodal insights into the role of rehabilitation in disease modification and identify the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus as a potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation in PD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough rehabilitation has been proposed as a promising supplemental treatment for PD as it results in brain reorganization, restoring cortico–subcortical networks and eliciting compensatory activation of frontoparietal networks, further multimodal evidence of the neural mechanisms underlying rehabilitation is needed. We measured the ratio of perfusion and neural activity derived from arterial spin labeling and blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI data and found that benefits of rehabilitation seem to be related to the dual mechanism, restoring executive control in the initial phase of motor learning and compensating for information integration in the latter phase. We also identified the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus as a potential target for noninvasive neuromodulation in PD patients.
Proactive Interhemispheric Disinhibition Supports Response Preparation during Selective Stopping
Authors: Wadsley Corey G. , Cirillo John , Nieuwenhuys Arne , Byblow Winston D.
Published: January 2023

Response inhibition is essential for terminating inappropriate actions. A substantial response delay may occur in the nonstopped effector when only part of a multieffector action is terminated. This stopping-interference effect has been attributed to nonselective response inhibition processes and can be reduced with proactive cuing. This study aimed to elucidate the role of interhemispheric primary motor cortex (M1–M1) influences during selective stopping with proactive cuing. We hypothesized that stopping-interference would be reduced as stopping certainty increased because of proactive recruitment of interhemispheric facilitation or inhibition when cued to respond or stop, respectively. Twenty-three healthy human participants of either sex performed a bimanual anticipatory response inhibition paradigm with cues signaling the likelihood of a stop-signal occurring. Dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to determine corticomotor excitability (CME), interhemispheric inhibition (IHI), and interhemispheric facilitation (IHF) in the left hand at rest and during response preparation. Response times slowed and stopping-interference decreased with increased stopping certainty. Proactive response inhibition was marked by a reduced rate of rise and faster cancel time in electromyographical bursts during stopping. There was a nonselective release of IHI but not CME from rest to in-task response preparation, whereas IHF was not observed in either context. An effector-specific reduction in CME but no reinstatement of IHI was observed when the left hand was cued to stop. These findings indicate that stopping speed and selectivity are better with proactive cueing and that interhemispheric M1–M1 channels modulate inhibitory tone during response preparation to support going but not proactive response inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResponse inhibition is essential for terminating inappropriate actions and, in some cases, may be required for only part of a multieffector action. The present study examined interhemispheric influences between the primary motor cortices during selective stopping with proactive cuing. Stopping selectivity was greater with increased stopping certainty and was marked by proactive adjustments to the hand cued to stop and hand cued to respond separately. Inhibitory interhemispheric influences were released during response preparation but were not directly involved in proactive response inhibition. These findings indicate that between-hand stopping can be selective with proactive cuing, but cue-related improvements are unlikely to reflect the advance engagement of interhemispheric influences between primary motor cortices.
Inclusive innovation in crop gene editing for smallholder farmers: Status and approaches
Authors: Beumer Koen , de Roij Sanne
Published: January 2023

Gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas are breathing new life into expectations about the benefits of genetically modified crops for smallholder farmers in the global South. In this article, we put these expectations to the test. We have interrogated both whether crop gene editing is employed for smallholder farmers and how this is done in ways that are more or less inclusive. To this end, we systematically investigated projects using gene editing for smallholder farmers and analyzed their activities using the framework of inclusive innovation. We have 3 main findings. First, gene editing indeed can be used to target crops and traits that may benefit smallholder farmers. We found 30 projects that target a variety of crops and traits for smallholders. Second, the use of gene editing for smallholder farmers is emerging slowly at best. The number of projects is relatively small, the set of crops that is targeted is relatively limited, and the number of countries that engage in these activities is small. And third, we found 2 distinct approaches to inclusive innovation that we describe as spacecraft approach and helicopter approach to inclusive innovation. We argue that the inclusive innovation framework should not be used as a checkbox—where inclusion is achieved if all types of inclusion are covered—but instead should be used as a tool for rendering visible the choices that have been made in inclusion, thus opening up such choices for critical scrutiny.
Regionalism, Multilateralism, and Sovereign Debt: Observations from a Latin Americanist
Authors: Armijo Leslie Elliott
Published: January 2023

The paper posits a powerful mutuality of interests between global multilateralism and independent regionalism in the global South. The more-or-less liberal international order established following the Second World War struggles to retain political and financial support from advanced industrial countries. Since the underlying source of this tension reflects a structural shift in the interstate distribution of power capabilities toward rising global multipolarity, the only viable medium-term solution for peak multilateralism is achieving greater legitimacy among a wider field of countries. Greater innovativeness is a second benefit to central multilateralism of expanded regional access: important international policy challenges are not “seen” until those who experience them have sufficient voice. The counterpart challenge within the global South is the frustration of policy entrepreneurs from small and intermediate powers. Most recognize the need for prior interest-aggregation to exercise influence in peak international organizations where great powers dominate. However, effective regionalism, a perennial and obvious choice for non-great powers, in practice has been difficult, especially in Latin America. Yes, one explanation is vicious partisan squabbling in the neighborhood, but subtle, structural factors also undermine cooperation, as a quick comparison with Europe demonstrates. In this context, “regionalism” is best conceptualized as a mix of formal organizations and regionally-based transnational epistemic communities or activist networks. A case study of Latin America-focused policy entrepreneurship over several decades around the global financial governance of currency and sovereign debt illustrates these observations.
Mulheres indomáveis, corpos a domesticar
Authors: Felinto Erick , Bugiarda Sindia
Published: January 2023

Na Idade Média, o corpo da bruxa foi imaginado como fonte de terror e signo de um feminino incontrolável, monstruoso e sempre em contato com uma exterioridade assustadora. No cinema, as bruxas cumpriram frequentemente tal papel, fazendo parte de uma galeria de outros monstros comuns, como os vampiros, os fantasmas e os zumbis. O objetivo deste trabalho, porém, é analisar um conjunto de filmes recentes nos quais a figura da bruxa emerge também como potência de libertação e criação, fazendo do feminino uma condição-limite sempre aberta à mudança e ao novo.
Cross-National Rivalry: National Identity in Sports (A Case Study of English and Russian)
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Morozova Irina , Permyakova Tatiana ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Ross Beverly ,   California University of Pennsylvania, Smolianina Elena ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: January 2023

Nationalism and sport are often interwoven and, subsequently, the competitive nature of sport competition can also mirror the contentious nature between international athletes. Evidence of such inter-group conflict may manifest itself through ethnolinguistics and is reinforced through social identity theory. Data analysis for the English and Russian languages was evaluated in four categories. Data includes Word Association Network entries for the four opposites of the sport event schema in Russian and English: 1) strong – weak; 2) success – failure; 3) ahead – behind; 4) winner – loser. Semantic analysis established asymmetries of the lexical oppositions relative to sport competition, which reinforce the manifestation of social identity in ways that elevate the status of one group while degrading the perception of the other. The authors believe that this study exposes that the congruence between semantics and ethno-linguistics which is rooted in social identity. The four authors have equally contributed to this study. The contribution included a literature review on the subject of the study and showing how rivalry in sport is influenced by social identity and ethno-linguistics, which helped to identify the dearth of research into cultural implications underlying sports. The authors also collected dictionary definitions of the items of the sports event schema and performed analysis of the data in the English and Russian languages.
Semantic Features of Idioms, Which Contain Lexeme Crow as the Main Component
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Baghana Jerome , Iakovleva Elena ,   Belgorod National Research University, Glebova Yana ,   Belgorod National Research University
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the article is to study the national-and-cultural specificity and semantic features of Chinese, English, French and Russian idioms, which contain the lexeme wū / crow / ворона / corneille as a component. The comprehensive analysis of such idioms in different languages carried out in conformity with the anthropocentric paradigm, resulted in identification of significant signs of a crow, which served as the basis for metaphorization in these idioms. The universal metaphors are based on the phenotypic or behavioral characteristics of the bird (black color, flying straight ahead, flying in a flock and an unpleasant hoarse croaking). The metaphor "crow – an unpleasant cry" is noted to be the most productive in Russian and English, while in the Chinese language it is "crows – a flock". Nationally conditioned metaphors and their sources are differentiated: in Chinese and English such metaphors prevail over the universal ones, idioms, which contain the corneille component, arose only in the French language. The connotative potential of the units with ornithonyms that denote a crow is revealed. The asymmetry of evaluation implementation is established: French idioms express only negative connotation; in Russian, most idioms contain a negative connotation, while their minor share has a neutral one. Chinese and English demonstrate various evaluative potential, yet the negative connotation dominates in the idioms; the neutral and positive connotations are explicated in much fewer idioms.
Indigenous Languages of the North, Siberia and the Far East: Current Status and Development Prospects
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kozhemyakina Valentina , Retinskaya Tatiana ,   Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Kirilenko Svetlana ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The study was carried out with the focus on the current issues of sociolinguistics related to the search for ways to preserve the languages of small peoples. The article systematizes data on the state of the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation living in the North, Siberia and the Far East, presented in modern publications of historians and linguists, and the documents that reflect the results of the 2010 population census of the Russian Federation, considers the influence of sociolinguistic factors on the language situation in these territories. Having analyzed the world experience of legal language legislation on preserving the cultures and languages of small peoples, the authors attempted to apply some global criteria to the Russian legislation and socio-economic practice and identified socially significant criteria for establishing the language situation in relation to the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation living in the North, Siberia and the Far East: the total number of speakers of the language, the use of the language in the education system, the availability of educational and methodological materials for teaching, the factor of inter-generational transmission of a language, the attitudes to the functional benefits from practicing the language among its native speakers. By compiling a methodology for categorizing the language survival type five prototypes of the language state were identified on the basis of statistical data: safe; relatively safe; endangered; critically endangered; close to extinction or dead languages. The authors offered a set of extralinguistic criteria for obtaining objective data on the state of the language and made a supposition that despite the evidence that the languages of the indigenous small-numbered northern peoples of the Russian Federation, with rare exceptions, are on the verge of extinction, significant efforts are being made by the government of the country and the indigenous northern peoples themselves to preserve these languages.
Symbolary of Regional Identity: Research Issues
Authors:   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tokarev Grigory
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the issues explored by a new branch of the science of language and culture interaction – territorial linguaculturology; the prospects of regional identification study with the focus on verbal means are noted. The identification process is proved to be associated with the branding of knowledge and symbolic means expressing it. The article considers the concepts of regional identity and regional subculture symbolary. The article identifies the range of verbal means of regional identity and their obligatory characteristics: each of these means should have a precedent nature, have a pronounced presentational function and a high text-forming potential. The chronological and axiological aspects have been found to be relevant in describing the means of cultural identification. The ideographic structure is exemplified by the symbolary of the Tula regional culture. The article identifies the cultural and cognitive dominants of this simbolary: defence of the Motherland, industry, culture, spiritual life, socially useful activities. The paper establishes the linguistic and cultural functions of the verbal means of regional identification: integrating one's own and contrasting them with others, branding of regional culture, cumulating knowledge of one's own identity. While analyzing the components of the sememe of the verbal means for regional identification, the specificity of this process is determined. It consists in correlating knowledge with a particular category, in determining the key feature of the phenomenon, in its evaluation based on conventional cultural norms, and in emotional experiencing.
The Root Aorist in Old East Slavonic Parimejnik Copies (To the Online Corpus Edition)
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Zholobov Oleg
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on aorist forms and root aorist distribution in the Old East Slavonic Parimejnik corpus, an Old Testament lectionary, being one of the most important liturgical texts in Byzantine and Slavonic rites, it provided the Old Testament knowledge. The root aorist is a diagnostic type of archaic forms that indicates the reference of the text with Cyril-and-Methodius tradition to the emergence of Slavonic written culture. The analysis is carried out for the first time and is based on the corpus approach. It became possible due to the online edition of five Old East Slavonic copies of Parimejnik: Lazarevskiy from ca. 1150–1170, Zakharinskiy from 1271, Kozminskiy from 1312–1313, Troitskiy I from the 14 th century, and Fedorovskiy II, from the 13 th century. The author discovered 18 entries of root aorists in Zakhariinskiy Parimejnik. This is the largest number of entries in the late Old East Slavonic written sources altogether. 10 entries were found at Lazarevskiy Parimejnik. The root aorist is represented in the rest of the copies in sporadic forms. The distribution of forms in the copies corresponds precisely to the four distinguished editorial types: the most ancient, Zakharinskiy, Kozminskiy, and Semenovskiy. The samples of editing root aorist forms were revealed to occur due to their confusion with homonymous forms of "zero" presence and participles.
The Maritime Charter of 1720: Functional-and-Communicative Conditionality of Language Means
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Rusanova Svetlana
Published: January 2023

The article focuses on the study of the language of the Maritime Charter of 1720 that was one of the key legislative acts, which enabled the development and consolidation of the new methods of combining heterogeneous linguistic means. The applied methods aimed at implementation of certain communicative tasks. The correlation between the variety of language means and techniques with argumentativeness, imperativeness and impact of the text has been proved. The research touches upon the issues of special vocabulary and the ways of including it in the language of the Charter. The proposed methods of interpreting new terms range from synonymous substitutions to encyclopedic definitions. The tendency to functional differentiation of the means of expressing imperativeness and the modality of duty in particular has been revealed. Western European legal documentation tradition is noted to have influenced the formation of the wide range of modal means. However, the Russian legislators tried to take into account the pragmatic needs of official business communication and the semantic and stylistic potential of competing lexical modifiers of modality. The research has resulted in the discovery of the peculiarity, which acquired the linguistic explication in the text of the Charter. Namely, it is the conceptually important attitude of legislators not only to the external side of performing the duties and enforcing the order, but also its internal motivation based on the moral foundation.
ANALYSIS OF PLATE-FIN HEAT SINK INFUSED WITH PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS FOR INTERMITTENT SPACE MISSIONS
Authors: Azzam Mohammed , Hamdan Mohammad O. , Alkhader Maen , Gerner Frank M.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we numerically investigated the heat transfer effectiveness of different phase change materials (PCMs) when infused in a plate-fin heat sink with a fixed volume fraction of thermal conductivity enhancer. The PCM's ability to absorb and release large amounts of thermal energy at constant temperature is a desired feature in transient electronics cooling applications. In this study, we focused on examining the effect of the number of fins, type of PCM, heat flux, PCM volume fraction, and heat sink bottom wall thickness. The results showed that increasing the number of fins improved the performance of the PCM-infused heat sink. When a heat flux of 4000 W/m2 was applied for 30 minutes on a plate-fin heat sink infused with paraffin wax, the maximum temperature did not exceed 70°C in the four-fin design, while it exceeded 80°C in the two-fin design. A salt hydrate PCM outperformed paraffin wax and RT35. The bottom wall of the heat sink acted as a thermal spreader and a nonlinear relationship existed between the bottom wall thickness and the maximum electronics temperature. Compared to the two- and four-fin heat sink models, the zero-fin model required the longest time to fully melt the entire PCM due to the additional amount of PCM present in the heat sink gaps.
Embedding integration of temporary works with permanent works on railway projects
Authors: Williams Steve
Published: January 2023

This paper demonstrates how infrastructure manager Network Rail and its supply chain are working collaboratively to integrate permanent works and temporary works design and execution to improve safety, reduce error, improve efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint. The work is part of Network Rail’s ‘health and safety by design’ initiative, which aims to eliminate or reduce risks during design development for construction, operation and maintenance activities. The paper will directly benefit civil engineers using temporary works on Britain’s railway network, but it can also be applied across the international building and infrastructure sector.
Twice A Minority: Education and Life Experiences of War Victim Refugee Youth with Developmental Disabilities and those of Their Parents in Türkiye
Authors: KAYA Ali , YILDIZ Gizem
Published: January 2023

According to 2022 data, approximately 4 million Syrians live in Türkiye, and it is known that %24.7 of them have various disabilities. Recent research has shown that the developmental disability is one of the most common types of disability among Syrian refugees in Türkiye. We aimed to investigate the lives of refugees with developmental disabilities, who are twice a minority. Among the Syrian refugees in Türkiye, 24.7% are individuals with special needs. It was reported that developmental disabilities and post-traumatic stress disorder are the most prevalent diagnoses across the refugees. The study aims to investigate the current status and educational needs of Syrian refugees with developmental disabilities and their parents, who live in refugee camps in Türkiye with a specific emphasis on their education life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young refugees with developmental disabilities and their parents in the study conducted with a phenomenological approach. The content analysis conducted on the study data revealed that these individuals migrated to Türkiye due to the Syrian war, and they did not want to return to their home country. Since they lived in camps in Türkiye, they have been isolated from social life. Participants stated that they mostly required special education and health facilities and socialization. The identified problems were analyzed, and certain recommendations are presented based on the study findings.
Karanlık ağ trafiğinin makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri kullanılarak tespiti ve sınıflandırılması
Authors: UĞURLU Mesut , DOGRU İbrahim , ARSLAN Recep Sinan
Published: January 2023

Dijitalleşme ile suç dünyası da dijital bir hale gelmiştir ve internet üzerinden işlenen suçların sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Siber suçlular ve saldırganlar kimliklerini gizlemek ve şifreli iletişim sağlamak için Karanlık Ağ adı verilen ve internet üzerinde bulunan gizli ağları kullanmaktadırlar. Karanlık Ağlar normal internet altyapısından farklı ve özel erişim yöntemlerine sahiptirler. Bu ağlara yapılan tüm erişimler şüphelidir ve incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Karanlık Ağ, şifreli iletişim sağladığı için günümüz güvenlik araçları ile tespit edilmesi ve sınıflandırılması zordur. Bu çalışmada şifreli ağ trafiği deşifreleme işlemi yapılmadan sadece paketlerin istatistiki bilgileri makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veri seti olarak açık kaynak olan CICDarknet2020 veri seti kullanılmıştır. Paket analizi için K En Yakın Komşu, Lojistik Regresyon, Rassal Orman, SVM, Karar Ağacı, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Doğrusal Ayrımcı Analiz, Gradyan Artırma, Ekstra Ağaç ve XGBoost algoritmalarını kapsayan detaylı bir deneysel çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda Karar Ağacı algoritmasının %93,32 doğruluk oranı ile en yüksek sınıflandırma başarısına sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Afyonkarahisar için elektrik üretimi eniyilemesi
Authors: KÖKER Utku , KORUCA Halil , SULUKAN Egemen
Published: January 2023

Son yıllarda enerji güvenliği, toplum ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma arasındaki ilişki, enerji planlama arayüzlerinde geliştirmeleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu arayüzlerin yaygınlaştırılması, toplumların yıllar içinde enerji planlaması konularına artan katılımıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Ulusal düzeyde analizler 1970'lerden beri çalışılsa da, bölgesel düzeyde enerji analizleri ancak son yıllarda popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Bu makalede, Afyonkarahisar ilinde OSeMOSYS, TIMES ve NEOS araçlarının kullanılması ile beş farklı senaryo analizi konu edilmiştir. Çalışmada 2016-2031 yılları arasında tarım, sanayi, konut, aydınlatma ve enerji sektörleri elektrik üretimi optimizasyonu açısından incelenmiştir. Makalede mevcut durum, %75 yenilenebilir enerji kısıtlı model ve üç farklı karbon vergisi senaryosu incelenmiştir. Senaryolar teknolojik, çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş ve bulgular, sonuçlar ve yorumlar bölümlerinde tartışılmıştır. Analiz neticesinde OSeMOSYS ve TIMES’ın bölgesel modelleme için oldukça faydalı araçlar olduğu, çeşitli senaryo analizlerini yüksek doğrulukla gerçekleştirdiği gösterilmiştir.
Yüksek binaların normal durum tahliye etkinliğinde asansör kullanımının analizi: İş kule örneği
Authors: SATIR Muhsin Selçuk , TOPRAKLI Abdurrahman Yağmur
Published: January 2023

Artan kentleşme ile yoğunlaşan kentlerde sınırlı alanın daha etkin kullanılabilmesi amacıyla yüksek yapıların sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. İstanbul’un dünyada en çok yüksek bina bulunan 9. şehri olması, yüksek yapı konusunda ülkemizin yerini ve konuya verilmesi gereken önemi göstermektedir. Yüksek binalarda karşılaşılan en büyük problemlerden birisi, uzun tahliye süreleridir. Artan kat sayısı ile birlikte uzayan tahliye rotası tahliyeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yüksek binaların tahliyesinde uzun yıllardır tartışılan ve araştırılan asansör ile tahliye konusu incelenmiştir. Dünya’da asansör ile tahliyeye izin veren standart ve yönetmelikler dile getirilmiştir. İstanbul’da yer alan ve yakın geçmişte Türkiye’nin en yüksek binası olma unvanını taşımış İş Kule binası üzerinden yapılan araştırmada, bina modeli simülasyonlarla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada asansör kullanımının, binanın tahliye süresine etkisi incelenmiştir. Oluşturulan 5 farklı senaryoda, binadaki her katın kullanıcılarının hangi oranda merdiven ve asansör kullanımıyla en kısa tahliye süresine ulaşılabildiği incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucu, binanın her katındaki kullanıcıların %25’inin asansörle, kalan %75’lik kısmın ise merdivenle tahliye edilmesiyle en kısa tahliye süresine ulaşıldığı görülmüştür. Bu senaryoda, sadece merdiven kullanımına göre tahliye süresinde yaklaşık %18’lik bir kısalma gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca binanın tahliye elemanlarının en etkin şekilde kullanılmasına engel olan mimari etmenlerden bahsedilmiştir.
İki ayaklı yürüyen robotun yürüme deseni eklem açılarının fiziksel ve matematiksel yöntemlerle elde edilmesi
Authors: TEZ Taşkın , KUŞÇU Hilmi
Published: January 2023

Robotik bilimi, teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle, büyük teknoloji ve otomotiv üreticileri insanın yürümesine benzeyen robotları günlük yaşama entegre etmek için birbirleriyle yarış halindedirler. Bu firmaların ürettikleri iki ayaklı robotların yürümesi zamanla insanın yürümesine benzemeye başlamıştır. Ancak, insanın yürümesindeki eklem sayılarının çok olması iki ayaklı robotlar için yürüme deseni oluştulmasını zorlaştırdığı için iki ayaklı robotlar için göze hoş gelen yürüme deseni oluşturulması kolay değildir. Bu çalışmada, doğada iki ayak üzerinde en güzel yürüyen canlı olan insandan esinlenerek yapılan iki ayaklı robotta 12 eklem için 12 adet akıllı servo motor kullanıldı. Robotun elektrikli, elektronik ve mekanik modelini elde etmek için kalçada 3, dizde 1 ve ayak bileğinde 2 olmak üzere toplam 6 adet akıllı servis motoru kullanıldı. Kinematik modeli oluşturulduktan sonra ise fizik, matematik ve geometrik yöntemler kullanılarak iki ayaklı robotun statik yürüme deseni oluşturuldu. Statik yürüme deseninin eklem açıları üretildikten sonra ise bu açıların değerleri açık kaynak kodlu derleyicide programlandı ve elektronik mikrodenetleyiciye yüklendi. Daha sonra mikrodenetleyicinin çalıştırılmasıyla iki ayaklı robotun eklemlerinde bulunan akıllı servo motorların bir harmoni içinde çalıştığı ve iki ayaklı robotun statik yürümesini düşmeden başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleştirildiği gözlemlendi.
Nokta bulutları kullanılarak hafif çelik elemanlardaki şekilsel kusurların doğru tespit edilmesi ve boyutlandırılması
Authors: GÜLDÜR ERKAL Burcu
Published: January 2023

Son yıllarda az ve orta katlı yapılarda hafif çelik kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Hafif çelik elamanlar yüksek dayanım-ağırlık oranına sahiptir ve bu elamanları kullanarak oluşturulan yapıların inşaası kısa sürdüğünden hızlı yapılanma gereksinimleri karşılamak açısından etkili bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Hafif çelik yapımın avantajlarının yanında dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır ve bu dezavantajlardan bir tanesi imalat, nakliye ve kurulum süreçleri sırasında elemanda meydana gelen şekilsel kusurların eleman davranışını etkilemesidir. Bu araştırma, C-kesitli hafif çelik elemanlarda bulunan şekilsel kusurların doğru bir şekilde tespit edilmesi ve boyutlandırılması üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. İyileştirilmiş otomatik şekilsel kusur tespit ve boyutlandırma yöntemi kullanılarak hafif çelik elemanlarda bulunan lokal ve global hasarlar tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, literatürdeki çalışmalar taban alınarak oluşturulmuş ikinci bir şekilsel kusur tespit ve boyutlandırma yönteminin sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yürütülen çalışma sonucunda, formulasyonu değişmeyen ve başlangıçta uygulanan ideal geometri modeli yerleştirme işleminden birebir etkilenmeyen şekilsel kusurlar dışında bütün elemanlar için iyileştirilmiş şekilsel kusur çıkarımı yöntemi ile hesaplanan maksimum ve ortalama şekilsel kusur değerlerinde eskiye oranla %50 ve üzerinde düşüş görülmüştür. İyileştirilmiş yöntemin hem lokal hem de global şekilsel kusurları gerçeğe uygun tespit ettiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Endüstriyel hücrelerde bulanık tabanlı taşıma yöntemi seçimi için geliştirilen bir yaklaşım: vaka çalışması
Authors: ATEŞ Ozan , DURMUŞOĞLU Mehmet Bülent
Published: January 2023

Lojistiğin diğer boyutlarının aksine üretim lojistiği veya iç lojistik ile ilgili literatürde yeterli sayıda denebilecek çalışma mevcut değildir. Hâlbuki üretim faaliyetleri içerisinde lojistik, önemli bir yer işgal eder, üretimin süresine ve ürün kalitesine doğrudan etki eder. Böylesine önemli olan üretim lojistiği ile ilgili literatürdeki sınırlı sayıdaki çalışmaya bakıldığında çalışmaların depolama stratejilerinin belirlenmesi, depolama araçlarının seçimi, malzeme tasıma hareketlerinin yapılandırılması, malzeme tasıma araç türlerinin seçimi, hücresel yerleşim, hücre içi ve hücreler arası hareketlerin yapılandırılması ile ilgili olduğunu görüyoruz. Bulanık tabanlı bir seçim yaklaşımı olan bulanık ve ağırlıklandırılmış bulanık bilgi aksiyomunun endüstriyel hücrelerdeki taşıma faaliyetleri için kullanılması literatürde yeni sayılabilecek bir çalışma olacaktır. Aksiyomlarla tasarım metodolojisi içerisinde yer alan bilgi aksiyomu, en yalın iç lojistik taşıma yönteminin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Yalın lojistik yalın üretimin lojistik boyutudur. Makalemizle ilgili bir otomotiv yan sanayi firmasının fabrikasında uygulama çalışması yapılmıştır. Üretim ortamında kullanılabilecek farklı taşıma yöntemleri mevcuttur. Bulanık bilgi aksiyomu ve ağırlıklandırılmış bulanık bilgi aksiyomu kullanılarak müşteri beklentilerin en çok sağlayan, en yalın ve en verimli hücre besleme yöntemi bulunmaya çalışılmıştır. Mevcut iç lojistik taşıma yöntemi ile önerilen yalın iç lojistik taşıma yöntemi arasındaki farklara çalışmamızda yer verilmiştir. Karar vericilerin tereddütten uzak karar verebilmelerine yardımcı olabilmek için duyarlılık analizi ile çalışmamız güçlendirilmiştir.
Mühendislik alanındaki Türkçe akademik metinler için makine öğrenmesi destekli doğal dil işleme çalışmaları ve bir karar destek sisteminin geliştirilmesi: TÜBİTAK projeleri örneği
Authors: KAT Bora
Published: January 2023

Makale, bildiri, tez ve proje önerisi gibi akademik metinlerin, gelişen doğal dil işleme araçları ve algoritmaları ile işlenmesi sonucunda elde edilen bilgi farklı amaçlar için kullanılabilmektedir. Mevcut çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, mühendislik alanında kullanılan kelime ve kelime gruplarının içerikleri ve yapıları dikkate alınarak bir kütüphane oluşturulmuş; ilgili metni en uygun ve kapsamlı şekilde tanımlayacak anahtar terimlerin/özniteliklerin çıkarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu işlem sonucunda elde edilen terim vektörleri kullanılarak farklı dokümanların benzerliğinin tespit edilmesine yönelik bir algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Son olarak ise, gözetimli makine öğrenmesi kapsamında Naïve Bayes sınıflandırıcısı kullanılarak TÜBİTAK Araştırma Destek Programları Başkanlığı’na (ARDEB) sunulan proje önerilerinin 31 farklı mühendislik alt alanından hangisine ait olduğunun tespitine yönelik bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1255 proje önerisi ile gerçekleştirilen vaka çalışmasında, önerilen benzerlik algoritmasının revize proje önerilerinin benzerlik tespitinde %100’e yakın, sınıflama algoritmasının ise alt alan belirlemede ilk tahminde %83,3, ilk iki tahminde %92,5 ve ilk üç tahminde %96.4’lük doğruluk sağladığı gözlenmiştir.
Elektrikli araçlar için iyileştirilmiş pasif dengeleme yöntemi ile tasarlanan batarya yönetim sisteminin gerçek-zamanlı uygulaması
Authors: İNAN Remzi , GÜÇKIRAN Muhammed , ALTINIŞIK Yunus Emre , TEK Salih , POTUK Mesut
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışma kapsamında, silindirik lityum-iyon hücrelerin birleşiminden oluşan batarya paketi tasarımı ile birlikte iyileştirilmiş pasif dengeleme tekniği kullanılarak hücrelerin daha verimli bir şekilde şarj-deşarj işlemini gerçekleştirebilmesine izin veren bir batarya yönetim sistemi (BYS) önerilmiştir. Yanlış bağlantı, harici müdahale ile oluşan istenmeyen kısa devre durumu, olumsuz çevre şartları, imalattan kaynaklı ve tamamen homojen yapıda olmayan bataryaların kullanımı batarya paketi için risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu durumlardan dolayı oluşabilecek olan aşırı sıcaklık, şarj-deşarj ve kısa devre kaynaklı aşırı akım ve aşırı gerilim gibi olumsuzluklar anında, BYS sisteme müdahale edebilir ve görüntülü/sesli uyarı verebilir olmalıdır. Verimlilik açısından ise hücre gerilim değerlerinin birbirine yakın olarak hatta aynı düzeyde kullanılması önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu amaçla pasif dengeleme yöntemi sayesinde her şarj aşamasında hücrelerin gerilim düzeyleri, batarya çeşidi ve karakteristikleri göz önünde bulundurularak özgün olarak belirlenen eşik değerlerde dengelenmesi esas alınmıştır. Önerilen BYS’de merkezi ve ikincil mikrodenetleyici olarak ARM tabanlı STM32F103 tercih edilmiştir. Proje kapsamında olabildiğince yüzey montajlı malzemelerin kullanılması ile çift katman yapılı olarak gerçekleştirilen elektronik kart tasarımları, genel olarak batarya paketinin içerdiği enerji yoğunluğu ve sistem özellikleri de düşünüldüğünde oldukça ergonomik bir gerçek-zamanlı batarya yönetim sistemi elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca batarya paketinin tasarımı, kullanılmak istenen sistemin durumuna göre paralel modül sayılarının eklenip çıkarılabilmesi sayesinde de önerilen batarya yönetim sisteminin özellikle akım kapasitesi anlamında uyarlanabilir bir yapı sergilemesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Önerilen sistemin başarısı, gerçek-zamanlı bir elektrikli araç üzerinde kullanılarak test edilmiştir.
Performans ölçümünde indeks model önerisi: Alışveriş merkezi uygulaması
Authors: NEBATİ Emine Elif , EKMEKÇİ İsmail , BAŞLIGİL Hüseyin
Published: January 2023

Günümüzde, sosyal ve modern yaşamın getirisi olan, perakende sektöründe önemli yere sahip olan alışveriş merkezi sayıları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu durum yönetimleri, çeşitli ve yenilikçi arayışlara yöneltmektedir. Alışveriş merkezlerinin mevcut performanslarının analiz edilmesi ve uygun çözümler sunulması da bu arayışlara çözüm niteliğindedir. Son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan bu ihtiyaçtan yola çıkarak, alışveriş merkezlerinin performans değerlendirmesine katkı sunması amacıyla bu çalışmada alışveriş merkezleri için bir performans indeks ölçüm modeli geliştirilmiştir. Önerilen performans indeks modelinde, 6 ana kriter ve 135 alt kriter belirlenmiştir. AVM Performans kriterlerinin ve AVM’lerin performanslarının incelenmesi aşamasında, AHP ve PROMETHEE yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Sonuçların analizinde ise, SWOT analizi ve radar diyagram analizi olmak üzere 2 yöntemle karşılaştırmalı değerlendirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modelin uygulama aşamasında, araştırmanın örneklemi Türkiye’de İstanbul ilindeki alışveriş merkezlerine uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, alışveriş merkezlerinin performansını değerlendirmek için yeni bir model sunma açısından literatürde kapsamlı ilk çalışmadır. Önerilen model ve geliştirilen çözüm önerileri ile birlikte perakende sektöründe rekabet avantajı elde edilmesi ve sektöre olumlu katkı sağlaması umulmaktadır.
Lysogeny Broth (LB) medium v2
Authors: Sagen Andreas
Published: January 2023

Lysogeny broth (LB) is a nutritionally rich medium which is primarily used for the growth of bacteria[1]. The initialism is also commonly, albeit incorrectly, taken to mean Luria broth, Lennox broth, or Luria-Bertani medium. According to its creator Giuseppe Bertani, the abbreviation LB was actually intended to stand for lysogeny broth. The formula of the LB medium was published in 1951 in the first paper of Bertani on lysogeny[2]. There are several common formulations of LB. Although they are different, they generally share a somewhat similar composition of ingredients used to promote growth, including the following: Peptides and casein peptones, Vitamins (including B vitamins), Trace elements (e.g. nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium) and Minerals. Sodium ions for transport and osmotic balance are provided by sodium chloride (NaCl). Tryptone is used to provide essential amino acids such as peptides and peptones to the growing bacteria, while the yeast extract is used to provide a plethora of organic compounds helpful for bacterial growth. These compounds include vitamins and certain trace elements.
Charting the Development of O-S-R-O-R Communication Mediation Model: A Systematic Literature Review of Media Effects Trends in New Media Research
Authors: Tariq Rehan ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Zolkepli Izzal Asnira ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Ahmad Mahyuddin ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: January 2023

The concept of communication as mediation has now become a crucial metric for analysing various behavioural patterns, particularly in relation to new media. Several psychological and structural factors interpreting the relationship between engagement and the consumption of information and cognitive processes have been emphasised through the use of O-S-O-R and O-S-R-O-R communication mediation models. However, there remains a variety of viewpoints concerning theoretical perspectives and thematic patterns, leading to difficulties in obtaining a structured overview and so advance the development of communication mediation research. This study consists of a systematic literature review of 739 articles, published between 2015 and 2020, across three databases, Scopus, Google Scholar and EBSCOhost, resulting in thirty-four being identified as usable for providing a synthesis of current knowledge focusing on new media. This highlights a considerable variation in existing constructions and trends, along with communication effects and O-S-R-O-R measures. This review undertakes a thematic classification of prior studies in order to: firstly, identify key gaps in the literature, secondly, identify potential areas for additional research, and thirdly, offer recommendations for future studies. By offering an in-depth analysis, this review will enhance information and assist scholars to expand the existing literature. In addition, this study examines the implications for the investigation of potential pre-emptive factors for O-S-O-R and O-S-R-O-R. Keywords: Communication effect model, systematic literature review, O-S-O-R, O-S-R-O-R, new media.
A Corpus-based Approach to Frame ‘COVID-19 Vaccination’ in Malaysian English Newspapers
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Abdul Malik Norasyikin , Shak Mohamad Syafiq Ya ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Hasni Nurul Ain ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA
Published: January 2023

Most studies on COVID-19 have been massively dedicated on how the disease was framed in the newspaper, its psychological effects, and its message or content disinformation. Research on the COVID-19 vaccination in newspapers and its acceptance among the masses is still quite scarce. The study adopted a corpus approach that involves wordlist, keyword list, collocates, and concordance analysis to analyse how ‘COVID-19 vaccination’ was framed in a focused and specialised English Malaysian newspapers corpus. #Lanscbox 5.0 corpus tool was employed in conducting the empirical analysis. The empirical analysis revealed that ‘COVID-19 vaccination’ was positively framed in different ways in the newspaper. The analysis of collocates and concordance lines revealed that the news reports mainly used Solution-oriented Frame which highlighted the Malaysian government’s effort in combating the pandemic. The newspaper was also found to use Mathematical frame in the effort to convince the public with regards to the updates and statistics of vaccine takers. Nevertheless, the results also revealed the usage of sensational phrases that framed the COVID-19 vaccination negatively. These findings can enlighten newspaper practitioners on what should be done and avoided in framing such an issue in their writings as well as how the public will perceive it. Keywords: Corpus-based analysis, COVID-19, mass media, news article, vaccination.