bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core Flooding Experiments on the Impact of CO2-EOR on the Petrophysical Properties and Oil Recovery Parameters of Reservoir Sandstones in Kazakhstan
Authors: Shabdirova Ainash , Kozhagulova Ashirgul , Samenov Yernazar , Merbayev Rinat , Niyazbayeva Ainur , Shabdirov Daryn
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) on the petrophysical properties and oil recovery potential of sandstone reservoirs in the oilfields located in the east-southern Precaspian region of Kazakhstan. Despite the recognized potential of CO2-EOR for improving oil recovery and aiding carbon sequestration, there is limited understanding of how CO2-EOR specifically affects the petrophysical properties of sandstone reservoirs in this region. Laboratory experiments were conducted using two core samples from the selected oilfields to examine changes in porosity, permeability, and oil recovery coefficients. The results demonstrated that porosity changes ranged from a slight increase of 1.1% to a decrease of 1.5%, while permeability reduction was significant, with decreases ranging from 29% to 50% due to clay alteration and halite precipitation. The oil recovery coefficient after CO2 flooding was found to be between 0.49 and 0.54. These findings underscore the complex interactions between CO2 and reservoir rocks, emphasizing the need for tailored EOR strategies in different geological settings.
Prevalence and Factors Related to Physical Activity in Spanish Adults with Obesity and Overweight: Analysis of the European Health Surveys for the Years 2014 and 2020
Authors: Maestre-Miquel Clara , López-de-Andrés Ana , Perez-Farinos Napoleón , Jimenez-Sierra Ana , Benavente-Marin Juan Carlos , López-González Ángel , Viñuela-Sanchez Antonio , Jiménez-Garcia Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: To analyze the prevalence of physical activity (PA) according to the presence of overweight or obesity and other sociodemographic factors in the Spanish adult population. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study using the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain from 2014 and 2020. (3) Results: In overweight and obese people, the percentage of those who reported not performing any type of PA remained constant between 2014 and 2020, while a statistically significant increase was observed in the percentage of people who walked for 10 min a day and exercised at least 2 days a week. The probability of being obese with respect to normal weight was higher in individuals who reported not engaging in PA during leisure time (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.31–1.53), those who did not walk 10 min a day at least 2 days a week (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.15–1.35), and those who did not exercise at least 2 days a week (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.32–1.53). The probability of being overweight was higher in individuals who reported not performing PA during leisure time (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.15) and in those who did not exercise at least 2 days per week (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.09–1.22). (4) Conclusions: Small increases in PA have been observed in both overweight and obese individuals from 2014 to 2020.
Lifestyles and Academic Stress in University Students of Health Sciences: A Mixed-Methodology Study
Authors: Salazar-Granizo Yolanda E. , Hueso-Montoro Cesar , Caparros-Gonzalez Rafael A.
Published: July 2024

The global health emergency generated by the COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) led to the implementation of extraordinary measures such as confinement and isolation in many countries to mitigate the spread of the virus. (1) This study analyzes the lifestyles and academic and perceived stresses of university students of health sciences during the period of online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between lifestyles and academic stress was examined. (2) A parallel mixed-method convergent study was conducted, with a correlational non-experimental design. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in parallel, with parametric and nonparametric testing for quantitative data and Miles and Huberman’s approach to qualitative analysis. The qualitative findings complemented the quantitative results. The number of students who participated in this study was 2734, from six programs in health, nursing, medicine, clinical laboratory, physiotherapy, dentistry, and clinical psychology at the University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. (3) Overall, the health science students had “Unhealthy or health-compromising lifestyles”, medical students being the ones who have healthier lifestyles. However, more than 80% experienced and perceived stress during the period of online learning and social isolation due to the pandemic, women being the ones who experienced it at a higher level. (4) The online learning modality during the COVID-19 pandemic modified lifestyles and generated stress in health science students, due to changes in daily routines, sedentary lifestyle, and stress, as a result of social isolation. Therefore, the students prefer face-to-face teaching, perceived as enabling more enriching interactions with their teachers and peers and the opportunity to develop essential practical skills in their health practice.
Nurses’ Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care and Influencing Factors in Türkiye, Italy, and Albania: A Multicultural Study
Authors: Baysal Ebru , Demirkol Hacer , Erol Ahmet , Kaçmaz Elif Deniz , Duka Blerina , Agolli Benarda , Stievano Alessandro , Notarnicola Ippolito
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care among nurses who work in three different countries with different cultures as well as the factors influencing their perception. This is a cross-sectional multicultural study conducted with a total of 1090 nurses from Türkiye, Albania, and Italy. Data were collected through the “Individual Information Form” and the “Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale”. Nurses’ mean score on the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale was above average. It was also found that country, marital status, religious belief, Islamic religion, training for spiritual care, and using spiritual practices to cope with difficulties or illnesses influenced nurses’ perception of spirituality and spiritual care. It was concluded that nurses from the three countries associated spirituality and spiritual care with religion and that some personal characteristics influenced their perceptions of spiritual care. The results highlight the need for training in spiritual care to improve nurses’ perceptions and practices of spiritual care.
The Effects of Flaxseed Consumption on Glycemic Control in Native American Postmenopausal Women with Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Ellouze Ines , Korlagunta Kiranmayi , Lucas Edralin A. , Payton Mark , Singar Saiful , Arjmandi Bahram H.
Published: July 2024

Glucose control in postmenopausal women is influenced by many factors, such as hormones, lifestyle variables, and genetics. Limited data exist on the effect of whole flaxseed on glucose status in postmenopausal Native American women. The aim of this study was to investigate the glucose management effect of a flaxseed dietary intervention on postmenopausal Native American women. In this study, 55 Native American postmenopausal women (aged 47–63 years) with borderline hyperglycemia (>100 and <126 mg/dL) and mild to moderate hypercholestorolemia (≥200 to ≤380 mmol/L), who were not on hormone replacement therapy, were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary regimens (control, flaxseed, and flaxseed + fiber) for three months, receiving interventions in the form of bread, muffins, and flaxseed powder. Despite daily consumption of flaxseed across diverse food formats, no significant changes in glucose (p = 0.3, p = 0.2), insulin levels (p = 0.59, p = 0.9), or HOMA-IR (p = 0.84, p = 0.66) were observed compared to their respective baseline values within the flaxseed and flaxseed + fiber groups, respectively. Conversely, the control group showed a significant rise in final glucose values from baseline (p = 0.01). However, the incorporation of ground flaxseed into low-glycemic foods holds potential for beneficial effects through maintaining glucose status among postmenopausal Native American women. This research provides critical insights into the effects of flaxseed, emphasizing the need for continued exploration to understand its role in supporting glucose management among postmenopausal Native American women. Further exploration is required to investigate the potential long-term impact and the use of flaxseed in managing glucose levels in this demographic.
Rhamphempis, a New Genus of Empidini (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae) of the New World, with Descriptions of Five New Species from French Guiana and the Eastern United States
Authors: Daugeron Christophe , Rafael José Albertino , Marques Dayse W. A.
Published: July 2024

The genus Rhamphempis gen. nov. (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae: Empidini) is described and includes the following five new species from French Guiana and the USA: Rhamphempis concava sp. nov. (France: French Guiana, Roura); R. distincta sp. nov. (France: French Guiana, Roura); R. mirifica sp. nov. (France: French Guiana, Régina); R. montreuili sp. nov. (Type species, France: French Guiana, Mitaraka, Roura, St-Georges-de-l’Oyapock); and R. septentrionalis sp. nov. (USA: Maryland, College Park). The genus differs from other empidine genera by the following combination of characters: scape and postpedicel lengthened, proboscis long, strongly sclerotised with labella as long as prementum bearing annulations, wing with R2+3 somewhat shortened, more or less recurved at pterostigma, R4+5 unforked, base of abdomen yellowish in male, brownish to blackish in female, male pregenital segments strongly modified and postabdomen more or less downcurved, presence of large surstylus, very fine and long phallus. The genus is fully illustrated and keyed along with a discussion of its peculiar disjunct geographic distribution and its phylogenetic relationship within the tribe Empidini.
Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence for Cervical Vertebral Maturation Assessment—A Systematic Review
Authors: Kazimierczak Wojciech , Jedliński Maciej , Issa Julien , Kazimierczak Natalia , Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta , Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid , Serafin Zbigniew , Orhan Kaan
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: To systematically review and summarize the existing scientific evidence on the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in assessing cervical vertebral maturation (CVM). This review aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of AI algorithms in comparison to those of experienced clinicians. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, using a combination of Boolean operators and MeSH terms. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies with neural network research, reporting diagnostic accuracy, and involving human subjects. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, with a third reviewer resolving any disagreements. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 tool was used for bias assessment. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly employing supervised learning techniques, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The diagnostic accuracy of AI models for CVM assessment varied widely, ranging from 57% to 95%. The factors influencing accuracy included the type of AI model, training data, and study methods. Geographic concentration and variability in the experience of radiograph readers also impacted the results. Conclusions: AI has considerable potential for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of CVM assessments in orthodontics. However, the variability in AI performance and the limited number of high-quality studies suggest the need for further research.
Results of Endometrial Biopsy and Its Impact on Survival Data in Patients with High-Risk Uterine Sarcoma
Authors: Alwafai Zaher , Reichert Verena M. C. , Spring Paula , Zygmunt Marek , Köhler Günter
Published: July 2024

Background: There are conflicting data regarding the detection rate of high-risk uterine sarcoma (HRUS) by endometrial biopsy. In addition, there are no studies in the literature on its impact on the chosen surgical approach and survival. Methods: This study includes 415 patients with HRUS. Of these, 178 (42.9%) patients had undergone endometrial biopsy. We analyzed the detection rate of endometrial biopsy and its impact on surgical approach and survival data. Results: Correct specific histologic diagnosis was achieved in only 30.0% of LMS and 33.3% of HGESS/UUS. Other uterine sarcoma, unspecified malignant mesenchymal tumor, carcinosarcoma or carcinoma were found in 45% of LMS and 78.2% of HGESS/UUS. As a result of the histologic findings, the rate of inadequate surgery was reduced by up to 19.9%. As tumor morcellation was performed significantly less often with biopsy (32.5% with vs. 55.4% without biopsy, p < 0.001), the locoregional recurrence-free interval remained unaffected between the two groups (p = 0.81). This is obviously an advantage of biopsy, although it does not affect the local recurrence rate in morcellated patients. Conclusions: Indicated endometrial biopsy is an important step in the diagnosis of HRUS, despite its low detection rate. It helps to avoid inappropriate surgical procedures but does not affect OS.
High Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot and Latent Trigger Points in Lower Limb Muscles
Authors: Zuil-Escobar Juan Carlos , Martín-Urrialde José Antonio , Gómez-Conesa Antonia , Martínez-Cepa Carmen Belén
Published: July 2024

Background: The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of latent trigger points (LTrPs) in lower limb muscles in participants with a high medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot compared to controls. Methods: Participants with a navicular drop test of 4–9 mm were included in the control group; the high MLA group included navicular drop test values of ≤4 mm. The presence of LTrPs was assessed by palpation techniques. The muscles evaluated were medial gastrocnemius (LTrP1), lateral gastrocnemius (LTrP2), soleus (LTrP1), peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis (LTrP1 and LTrP2), and the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps (LTrP1 and LTrP2). Results: Thirty-seven participants with high MLA and thirty-seven controls were included in the study. Twenty-nine (78.4%) participants in the high MLA group had at least 1 LTrP, compared to twenty-three (62.2%) in the control group. No statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found in the total number of LTrPs between groups (4.46 ± 3.78 vs. 3.24 ± 3.85). There were more participants (p < 0.05) with LTrPs in the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis (LTrP1 and LTrP2) in the high MLA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Although no differences were found in the number of total LTrPs between groups, the prevalence was statistically significantly higher in the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and vastus lateralis of the participants with high MLA of the foot.
Investigation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Clinical Parameters in Rosacea Patients According to Skin Subtypes
Authors: Yesilirmak Nilufer , Saritas Ozge , Kurt Busra , Neselioglu Salim , Aktas Akin , Erel Ozcan
Published: July 2024

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to compare thiol/disulfide homeostasis and clinical parameters of rosacea patients across skin subtypes of the disease and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective study included 90 rosacea patients with different skin subtypes (phymatous, erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular) and ocular involvement and 30 healthy controls. Plasma native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulfide levels of the patients and controls were measured using an automated spectrophotometric method, and disulfide/native thiol ratio (DNTR), disulfide/total thiol ratio (DTTR) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (NTTR) were calculated. Tear breakup time (TBUT), meiboscore, Schirmer, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and rosacea-specific quality of life scale (RosaQoL) were measured clinically. Results: Disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NT, TT and NTTR were significantly lower in the rosacea patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001). TBUT and Schirmer were significantly lower, and meiboscore and OSDI were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (p < 0.01). According to the skin subtypes, disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NTTR was significantly lower in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype compared to the other subtypes (p < 0.002). TBUT was significantly lower, and RosaQol was significantly higher in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype (p < 0.0083). Strong correlations were found between DNTR and TBUT and between DNTR and Meiboscore in all subtypes (p < 0.005), while there were strong correlations between DNTR and OSDI and between DNTR and RosaQol only in the erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular subtypes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The thiol/disulfide homeostasis shifted towards disulfides, an indicator of oxidative stress in rosacea, and this was more pronounced in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype. The impairment in TBUT and RosaQol was also more prominent in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype and strongly associated with the DNTR.
A Review of Myositis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Kannappan Renuka , Kumar Raagni , Cichelli Kimberly , Brent Lawrence H.
Published: July 2024

There is a well-established relationship between different subsets of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs, myositis) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), with lung complications sometimes presenting prior to myopathic manifestations. The subtypes of myositis include those that are strongly associated with ILD, such as polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Research has shown that in certain patients, these can then be further divided into subtypes using myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs), which are specific for myositis, and myositis-associated antibodies (MAAs), which can be found in myositis in overlap syndromes with other connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Notably, certain MSAs and MAAs are associated with ILD in patients with myositis. The clinical presentations of ILD in patients with myositis can vary widely and can be insidious in onset and difficult to diagnose. As ILD can progress rapidly in some cases, it is essential that clinicians are able to identify and diagnose ILD in patients with myositis. For this reason, the aim of this review is to highlight the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, important histopathologic, laboratory, and radiographic features, and treatment modalities for those patients with myositis-associated ILD.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tumor Stage and Pathohistological Parameters of Vulvar Cancer
Authors: Klamminger Gilbert Georg , Bitterlich Annick , Nigdelis Meletios P. , Schnöder Laura , Hamoud Bashar Haj , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Wagner Mathias
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Vulvar cancer (VC) comprises a small fraction of female neoplasms with notable high-incidence clusters among German regions. Despite a proposed impact of nationwide lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on oncological diseases, the effect on VC staging and tumor characteristics remains yet to be resolved; therefore, analyzing pathological data from patients with squamous cell VC pre-, during, and post-COVID in a high-incidence region may offer insights into potential epidemiological and clinical trends. Methods: We identified a total of 90 patients who were diagnosed at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Saarland, between 2018 and 2023, and defined three distinct cohorts: a pre-COVID cohort (2018–2019), a COVID cohort (2020–2021), and a post-COVID cohort (2022–2023). Histomorphological data were collected from the individual patient reports and statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test or the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: Although we found no statistically significant differences in age, T-stage, perineural infiltration, blood vessel infiltration, resection status, grading, or resection margin between our three cohorts, surprisingly, we determined a greater extent of lymphovascular infiltration (Fisher’s exact test; p = 0.041), as well as deeper tumor infiltration depth (Kruskal–Wallis test; p < 0.001) before the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we did not identify any soft indications of abnormalities in patient care within our center (unchanged status of the resection margins across all three cohorts). Conclusions: Our results clearly do not support a negative affection of clinical or pathobiological characteristics of VC during or after the pandemic. However, final assessments regarding the pandemic’s effect on VC require additional study approaches in various regions, preferably with future extended timeframes of a longer follow-up.
Early Point-of-Care Thromboelastometry Reduces Mortality in Patients with Severe Trauma and Risk of Transfusion: An Analysis Based on the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Beyersdorf Christoph , Bieler Dan , Lefering Rolf , Imach Sebastian , Hackenberg Lisa , Schiffner Erik , Thelen Simon , Lakomek Felix , Windolf Joachim , Jaekel Carina ,   TraumaRegister DGU®
Published: July 2024

Background: Thromboelastometry like ROTEM® is a point-of-care method used to assess the coagulation status of patients in a rapid manner being particularly useful in critical care settings, such as trauma, where quick and accurate assessment of coagulation can guide timely and appropriate treatment. Currently, this method is not yet comprehensively available with sparse data on its effectiveness in resuscitation rooms. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of early thromboelastometry on the probability of mass transfusions and mortality of severely injured patients. Methods: The TraumaRegister DGU® was retrospectively analyzed for severely injured patients (2011 until 2020) with information available regarding blood transfusions and Trauma-Associated Severe Hemorrhage (TASH) score components. Patients with an estimated risk of mass transfusion >2% were included in a matched-pair analysis. Cases with and without use of ROTEM® diagnostic were matched based on risk categories for mass transfusion. A total of 1722 patients with ROTEM® diagnostics could be matched with a non-ROTEM® patient with an identical risk category. Adult patients (≥16) admitted to a trauma center in Germany, Austria, or Switzerland with Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity ≥3 were included. Results: A total of 83,798 trauma victims were identified after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For 7740 of these patients, the use of ROTEM® was documented. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) in patients with ROTEM® was 24.3 compared to 19.7 in the non-ROTEM® group. The number of mass transfusions showed no significant difference (14.9% ROTEM® group vs. 13.4% non-ROTEM® group, p = 0.45). Coagulation management agents were given significantly more often in the ROTEM® subgroup. Mortality in the ROTEM® group was 4.1% less than expected (estimated mortality based on RISC II 34.6% vs. observed mortality 30.5% (n = 525)). In the non-ROTEM® group, observed mortality was 1.6% less than expected. Therefore, by using ROTEM® analysis, the expected mortality could be reduced by 2.5% (number needed to treat (NNT) 40; SMR of ROTEM® group: 1:0.88; SMR of non-ROTEM® group: 1:0.96; p = 0.081). Conclusions: Hemorrhage is still one of the leading causes of death of severely injured patients in the first hours after trauma. Early thromboelastometry can lead to a more targeted coagulation management, but is not yet widely available. This study demonstrated that ROTEM® was used for the more severely injured patients and that its use was associated with a less than expected mortality as well as a higher utilization of hemostatic products.
Evaluation of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Children with Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease
Authors: Tasdemir Tulin , Erbas Unverdi Gizem , Ballikaya Elif , Aypar Ebru , Aykan Hayrettin Hakan , Karagoz Tevfik , Uzamıs Tekcicek Meryem
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the oral health status and treatment needs of children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Methods: This descriptive study included 301 children aged 5–14 from June 2022 to June 2023. Heart conditions were classified by congenital/acquired status and severity. The children’s sociodemographic characteristics, medical and dental history, tooth brushing habits, and non-nutritional habits (bruxism, nail-biting, thumb-sucking, etc.) were evaluated. Oral health assessments including caries, oral hygiene, enamel defects, and dental treatment needs-related indices were recorded. Results: The mean age was 8.95 ± 2.91 years, and 271 (90%) of the children had congenital heart disease. The children with moderate and severe heart disease had significantly higher decayed/missing/filled surfaces (dmfs) (p = 0.038) and pulp exposure (p = 0.015) compared to the children with mild heart disease. According to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) index, which included initial caries lesions, there were no caries-free children and 75.7% had extensive caries. The mean plaque index and gingival index were found to be 1.18 ± 0.38 and 0.69 ± 0.53, respectively. Enamel defects were observed in 15.9%. The Treatment Needs Index (TNI) was 85.8% for the primary teeth and 88.9% for the permanent teeth. The Care Index (CI) was 12.4% for the primary teeth and 10.8% for the permanent teeth. Conclusions: Children with congenital and acquired heart disease exhibit a high prevalence of untreated dental caries, gingivitis, and plaque accumulation, with a high need for dental treatments. Dentists should prioritize addressing these issues to prevent the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) and improve oral health outcomes in this population.
Comparison of 2D Shear Wave Elastography and Transient Elastography in Non-Invasive Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Virus-Related Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Vidili Gianpaolo , Arru Marco , Meloni Pierluigi , Solinas Giuliana , Atzori Sebastiana , Maida Ivana
Published: July 2024

Background: Transient Elastography (TE) is widely regarded as the most reliable non-invasive method for evaluating liver fibrosis. Recently, new techniques such as 2D Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE) have been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between TE and 2D-SWE in patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease and to redefine the cut-off values of 2D-SWE for predicting different stages of fibrosis based on our results. Methods: Both TE (Fibroscan, Echosens, Paris, France) and 2D-SWE (SuperSonic Imagine) were performed simultaneously in 170 patients, including those with active and eradicated HCV infection. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the two measurements, and the concordance between the assigned METAVIR classes was calculated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. ROC curves were constructed to determine the optimal cut-off values for 2D-SWE. Results: Ten patients were excluded for invalid measurements. In the remaining 160 patients, TE and 2D-SWE demonstrated a high correlation (ρ = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and good agreement in METAVIR classification (k = 0.74). The optimal cut-off values identified for 2D-SWE were as follows: ≥ 7 kPa for F ≥ 2, ≥ 8.3 kPa for F ≥ 3, and ≥ 9.4 kPa for F4. Conclusions: 2D-SWE is a viable alternative to TE for patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. Our data suggest that the currently accepted 2D-SWE cut-off values for cirrhosis (F4) should be reconsidered and potentially lowered.
Comparison of Conventional versus Modified Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing in Patients with Bleeding Pelvic Fractures: A Single-Center Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Jeon Sebeom , Yu Byungchul , Lee Gil Jae , Lee Min A , Lee Jungnam , Choi Kang Kook
Published: July 2024

Background: Bleeding pelvic fractures have high mortality rates, primarily due to severe hemorrhage. Treatment options include mechanical stabilization based on preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP), resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, and angioembolization (AE). The bilateral preperitoneal approach, which uses three pads on each side, is the conventional PPP method. We aimed to compare the bilateral preperitoneal approach with a modified approach, involving selectively packing only heavily bleeding areas, in terms of clinical outcomes and mortality risks. Methods: We included patients who underwent PPP and compared the outcomes between conventional (three sponges placed on each side) and modified PPP (selective packing of critical areas). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality; the secondary outcomes included 24 h mortality, pelvic complications, and transfusion requirements. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors for 30-day and 24 h mortality. Results: Among the 47 included patients, 19 and 28 underwent conventional and modified PPP, respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in the 24 h (26.3% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.247) and 30-day mortality rates (47.4% vs. 60.7%, p = 0.366). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, initial lactate levels and the decision to perform AE were found to be significant risk factors for mortality. However, the selected PPP method was not a risk factor for 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–18.26; p = 0.457) or 24 hr mortality (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 0.24–13.19; p = 0.557). Conclusions: The modified PPP method may be considered in patients with bleeding pelvic fractures for effective bleeding control while minimizing potential complications associated with the conventional PPP.
Surgical Strategies in Reoperation of the Proximal Aorta and Arch for Patients with Previous Frozen Elephant Trunk
Authors: Arjomandi Rad Arian , Ansaripour Ali , Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Abbasciano Riccardo G. , Koulouroudias Marinos , Viviano Alessandro , Rosendahl Ulrich , Athanasiou Thanos , Kourliouros Antonios
Published: July 2024

Background: The frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique is increasingly utilized for aortic arch replacement in cases of aortic dissections and aneurysms. This rise in usage has led to more patients needing redo aortic surgeries due to progression of existing conditions, FET-related complications, or new valvular/coronary diseases. This article aims to evaluate surgical techniques to minimize risks during these reoperations, including a case study of a complex redo surgery. Methods: A comprehensive examination of surgical strategies was conducted, focusing on preoperative preparation, cannulation site identification, cerebral and cardiac protective measures, and pitfalls to avoid. The importance of adapting to the modified anatomical landscape post-FET is emphasized. A detailed case study of a patient undergoing complex redo FET surgery is included. Results: The article identified key surgical strategies for reoperation in patients with prior FET, highlighting the importance of meticulous preoperative planning and execution. Techniques to minimize risks include detailed imaging for planning, strategic cannulation for optimal perfusion, multidisciplinary approaches as well as careful fail-safe measures. The case study demonstrates the practical application of these strategies in a high-risk scenario. The evidence underscores the necessity for individualized patient management and the development of standardized protocols. Conclusions: The FET technique, while effective for initial aortic arch repairs, often necessitates complex reoperations. Adopting advanced surgical strategies and multidisciplinary planning can significantly mitigate risks associated with these procedures. Future research should focus on refining these techniques and establishing standardized protocols to improve patient outcomes.
Visceral Adiposity and Its Impact on Nephrolithiasis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mallio Carlo Augusto , Cea Laura , D’Andrea Valerio , Buoso Andrea , Bernetti Caterina , Beomonte Zobel Bruno , Greco Federico
Published: July 2024

Kidney stones represent a serious medical problem, resulting from several factors such as diet, genetics, and certain medical conditions. Visceral adipose tissue has been shown in recent research to play a significant role in kidney stone formation, making it a more precise indicator than traditional obesity indicators such as body mass index. The main aim of this review is to summarize studies on visceral obesity as a predictive marker for nephrolithiasis and to highlight new mechanistic pathways such as adipokine-mediated inflammation and its impact on kidney stone formation. This review emphasizes the importance of considering visceral fat in the prevention and management of kidney stones, suggesting that targeted strategies to reduce visceral fat could decrease the incidence of kidney stones and their management costs. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and propose preventive strategies based on visceral adiposity assessments.
Two-Year Results of XEN Gel Stent Implantation for Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma in Phakic versus Pseudophakic Eyes
Authors: Nasyrov Emil , Merle David A. , Gassel Caroline J. , Wenzel Daniel A. , Voykov Bogomil
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To investigate whether phakia affects the outcome of XEN-45 gel stent implantation in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG). Methods: A retrospective, comparative cohort study of 30 phakic and 55 pseudophakic PXG patients who received the XEN-45 gel stent at a tertiary centre. The primary outcome measure was two-year success defined as a ≥20% lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) and a target IOP of 6–21 mmHg. Success was complete without and qualified irrespective of antiglaucoma medication use. Further glaucoma surgery other than needling was regarded as a failure. The secondary outcome measures included changes in IOP, revision and complication rates. Results: The complete two-year success rates were 70% and 59% in the phakic and pseudophakic groups, respectively (p = 0.75, log-rank test), and the qualified rates were 80% and 72%, respectively (p = 0.89). The median IOP reduction from baseline was 54% in phakic, and 46% in pseudophakic eyes. While needling rates were similar, the incidence of early incisional bleb revisions was significantly higher in the phakic eyes (13% vs. 0% within 3 months; p = 0.0098, chi-square). Increasing after a year, significantly more pseudophakic eyes failed due to secondary glaucoma surgery (16% vs. 0%; p = 0.0191). Conclusions: The XEN-45 gel stent offers equally effective IOP control for both phakic and pseudophakic patients. However, the onset of bleb revisions and the necessity for secondary glaucoma surgery differed significantly between the groups.
A Unique Case of Supernumerary Teeth Erupting Inside a Maxillary Sinus Osteoma
Authors: Kataoka Toshiyuki , Amemiya Kei , Goto Toshiyuki , Kina Hatsuki , Tajima Erica , Okamoto Toshihiro
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Ectopic foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus occur rarely. Ectopic tooth eruption rarely occurs in the orbit, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, and elsewhere. Ectopic eruption of teeth in the maxillary sinus is most commonly associated with wisdom teeth and is rarely associated with supernumerary teeth. This rare phenomenon may be accompanied by chronic recurrent sinusitis with headaches and facial pain. However, fibro-osseous lesions in the paranasal sinuses are discovered incidentally on X-ray images and are often asymptomatic. Osteoma is the most common fibro-osseous lesion that develops in the paranasal and nasal sinuses. Osteomas rarely cause serious symptoms such as orbital lesions and intracranial invasion. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of exostosis containing supernumerary teeth within the maxillary sinus. A characteristic pedicled bone lesion with a clear border on computed tomography was the undefined orthopantomogram radiopacity in the maxillary sinus, and the lesion contained supernumerary teeth. As the patient had chronic nasal congestion, the tumor was surgically removed. Pathologically, the surgical specimen revealed an osteoma. The patient’s symptoms of chronic sinusitis disappeared. Because the patient had no history of midface trauma or surgery, the supernumerary teeth were speculated to have migrated during a reactive osteogenic process caused by chronic sinusitis. Conclusions: A foreign body in the maxillary sinus can be easily diagnosed by computed tomography. Surgical removal is recommended if the foreign body is symptomatic or occupies more than half of the maxillary sinus. This can help resolve chronic sinusitis symptoms and prevent serious complications in the future.
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Urological Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Coppola Andrea , Tessitore Luigi , Fontana Federico , Piacentino Filippo , Recaldini Chiara , Minenna Manuela , Capogrosso Paolo , Minici Roberto , Laganà Domenico , Ierardi Anna Maria , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , D’Angelo Fabio , Carcano Giulio , Cacioppa Laura Maria , Dehò Federico , Venturini Massimo
Published: July 2024

Dual-Energy computed tomography (DECT) with its various advanced techniques, including Virtual Non-Contrast (VNC), effective atomic number (Z-eff) calculation, Z-maps, Iodine Density Index (IDI), and so on, holds great promise in the diagnosis and management of urogenital tumours. In this narrative review, we analyze the current status of knowledge of this technology to provide better lesion characterization, improve the staging accuracy, and give more precise treatment response assessments in relation to urological tumours.
A Novel Characteristic Gastric Mucus Named “Web-like Mucus” Potentially Induced by Vonoprazan
Authors: Kaneko Hiroaki , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Yuichi , Ikeda Aya , Kuwashima Hirofumi , Ikeda Ryosuke , Sato Takeshi , Irie Kuniyasu , Sue Soichiro , Maeda Shin
Published: July 2024

Background: In the absence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, a characteristic gastric mucus adhesion may appear during the use of vonoprazan. We named this novel characteristic mucus “web-like mucus” (WLM). This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for WLM. Methods: Between January 2017 and January 2022, 5665 patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-prescribed group (n = 2000), a vonoprazan-prescribed group (n = 268), and a no-PPI/vonoprazan-prescribed (n = 3397) group, and the presence of WLM was examined. After excluding four patients with autoimmune gastritis, the remaining 264 patients in the vonoprazan group were divided into WLM and non-WLM groups, and their clinical features were analyzed. Results: A total of 55 (21%) patients had WLM, all in the vonoprazan-prescribed group. There were no significant differences in factors such as, sex, age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, HP eradication history, smoking, or alcohol consumption between the WLM and non-WLM groups. The median duration from the start of vonoprazan administration to the endoscopic detection of WLM was 2 (1–24) months. Conclusions: WLM appears to be a characteristic feature in patients treated with vonoprazan.
Enhancing the Performance of Landslide Susceptibility Mapping with Frequency Ratio and Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Huangfu Wenchao , Qiu Haijun , Wu Weicheng , Qin Yaozu , Zhou Xiaoting , Zhang Yang , Ullah Mohib , He Yanfen
Published: July 2024

A rational landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) can minimize the losses caused by landslides and enhance the efficiency of disaster prevention and reduction. At present, frequency ratio (FR), information value (IV), and certainty factor (CF) are widely used to quantify the relationships between landslides and their causative factors; however, it remains unclear which method is the most effective. Moreover, existing landslide susceptibility zoning methods lack full automation; thus, the results are full of uncertainties. To address this, the FR, IV, and CF were used to analyze the relationship between landslides and causative factors. Subsequently, three distinct sets of models were developed, namely random forest models (RF_FR, RF_IV, and RF_CF), support vector machine models (SVM_FR, SVM_IV, and SVM_CF), and logistic regression models (LR_FR, LR_IV, and LR_CF) using the analysis results as inputs. A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) was introduced as a new method for landslide susceptibility zoning, classifying the LSM into five distinct levels. An accuracy evaluation of the models and a rationality analysis of the LSM indicated that the FR is superior to the IV and CF in quantifying the relationship between landslides and causative factors. Additionally, the quantile method was employed as a comparative approach to the GMM, further validating the effectiveness of the GMM. This research contributes to more effective and efficient LSM, ultimately enhancing landslide prevention measures.
Supporting Efficiency Measurement and Tradeoff Optimization Methods of Ecosystem Services on Grain Production
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Fang Yiping , Huang Xueyuan , He Xinjun
Published: July 2024

Grain production (GP) is inherently dependent on ecosystem services (ESs). However, the increasing grain demand heightens the conflict between ESs and GP. This tension is further fueled by unstable natural, socio-economic, and political factors. To reconcile this issue and promote their mutual growth, quantifying the extent to which ESs support GP is essential. This study is designed to present a scientific method for measuring the impact of ESs on GP, thereby enhancing the objectivity and scientific rigor of strategies for ecological and food security. This study, by deconstructing the functional relationship between ESs and GP, employs the Super-SBM model to analyze the mathematical relationships between them, thereby achieving the quantification of the efficiency of ESs in supporting GP. The findings reveal the following key points: (1) the Super-SBM model offers a viable and scientifically robust approach for quantifying the supporting efficiency of ESs on GP; (2) the supporting efficiency of ESs for GP in 93.94% of the counties in the Hengduan Mountainous Region (HMR) is less than 1, indicating that both the efficiency and capacity of regional ESs to support GP are relatively low; (3) an obvious spatial mismatch in allocation is evident between the provision of ESs and the demands of GP in the HMR, which leading to regional supply–demand imbalance; (4) the slack relationships and quantity between ESs and grain output assessed by the Super-SBM model provide a scientific basis and optimization direction for crafting sustainable development strategies between ESs and GP. Supporting efficiency research, as an exploration of the relationship between ESs and GP in the quantitative dimension, represents a deepening of qualitative research, it serves to enhance the scientific basis for sustainable development decisions in the ecological environment and agricultural production, holding a certain degree of positive significance.
Wettability-Oriented Laser Microgrooving Process on Cemented Carbide Surface
Authors: Ni Jing , Huang Xianle , Zhang Zhen , Li Zuji , Lv Binjie , Gao Xinyu
Published: July 2024

Surface micro-texture has been shown to enhance wettability and reduce wear on cutting tools. However, there is limited research on how laser parameters impact the dimensional accuracy of surface texture and its wettability. This study focuses on producing arrayed groove textures on WC/Co cemented carbide surfaces using Nd: YAG laser, evaluating the effect of the laser parameters on surface topography and texture accuracy through microscopic observation and simulation. The results indicate that, with laser parameters such as a number of passes less than 5, approximately 16 W power, scanning speed of 100–150 mm/s, and pulse frequency of 30 kHz, the error between the groove width and laser spot diameter was 4.7%. Additionally, the study explores the impact of the groove texture on surface wettability using the solid droplet method and XPS analysis. Comparative experiments reveal that increased surface roughness enhanced oleophobicity, with surfaces exhibiting high texture accuracy and integrity showing improved oleophobic and spreading properties. Thus, the precise regulation of laser processes is crucial for maintaining surface texture integrity and enhancing surface wettability.
A New Constitutive Model Based on Taylor Series and Partial Derivatives for Predicting High-Temperature Flow Behavior of a Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Deng Heping , Wang Xiaolong , Yang Jingyun , Gongye Fanjiao , Li Shishan , Peng Shixin , Zhang Jiansheng , Xiao Guiqian , Zhou Jie
Published: July 2024

Ni-based superalloys are widely used in aerospace applications. However, traditional constitutive equations often lack the necessary accuracy to predict their high-temperature behavior. A novel constitutive model, utilizing Taylor series expansions and partial derivatives, is proposed to predict the high-temperature flow behavior of a nickel-based superalloy. Hot compression tests were conducted at various strain rates (0.01 s−1, 0.1 s−1, 1 s−1, and 10 s−1) and temperatures (850 °C to 1200 °C) to gather comprehensive experimental data. The performance of the new model was evaluated against classical models, specifically the Arrhenius and Hensel–Spittel (HS) models, using metrics such as the correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), sum of squared errors (SSE), and sum of absolute errors (SAE). The key findings reveal that the new model achieves superior prediction accuracy with an R value of 0.9948 and significantly lower RMSE (22.5), SSE (16,356), and SAE (5561 MPa) compared to the Arrhenius and HS models. Additionally, the stability of the first-order partial derivative of logarithmic stress with respect to temperature (∂lnσ/∂T) indicates that the logarithmic stress–temperature relationship can be approximated by a linear function with minimal curvature, which is effectively described by a second-degree polynomial. Furthermore, the relationship between logarithmic stress and logarithmic strain rate (∂lnσ/∂lnε˙) is more precisely captured using a third-degree polynomial. The accuracy of the new model provides an analytical basis for finite element simulation software. This helps better control and optimize processes, thus improving manufacturing efficiency and product quality. This study enables the optimization of high-temperature forming processes for current superalloy products, especially in aerospace engineering and materials science. It also provides a reference for future research on constitutive models and high-temperature material behavior in various industrial applications.
Vertical Interconnection Technology for RF MicroSystem Packaging
Authors: Hu Yongfang , Sun Wei , Sun Yipeng , Huang Qingan
Published: July 2024

In this work, 1.5-level interconnections of RF microsystems with good RF performance, integration process compatibility, and high reliability are developed to meet the future demand for wireless communication microsystems in the millimeter wave band. Numerical models of 1.5-level interconnections based on solder balls with different diameters are established and analyzed using HFSS. The optimized structure parameters of 0.2 mm diameter Sn96.5Ag3Cu0.5 (SAC305) solder balls and 0.3 mm diameter Sn63Pb37 solder balls are selected for the interconnection between glass micro substrates and silicon micro substrates and between silicon micro substrates and HTCC substrates, respectively. Integration process parameters of the vertical interconnection are optimized. The micro substrate interconnection samples manufactured based on optimized integration methods and parameters show high reliability.