bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People Building, on Bodies
Authors: Mueller Max Perry
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the building up of Zion’s infrastructure and people, who were also under constructions, in Utah during Brigham Young’s tenure as leader of the church (1844–77). This people building included flesh and bone bodies of Utah’s Native populations, Utah’s small African American community, and the European converts gathering to Utah. The Mormons set out to build a Lamanite people by employing the tools of civilization, including farms, clothes, grains, schoolhouses, and the (plural) marriage bed. They sought to free the Indians from their savage natures, freedom that would allow them to covenant with their white brethren. For those Indian women and children enslaved by Indian slavers like Wakara and Arapeen, the Mormons would buy them in order to save them. As the white Mormons’ pupils, servants, adopted children, and plural wives, these freed slaves would learn to choose the right and to become their Lamanite selves.
People Building, on Paper
Authors: Mueller Max Perry
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that people building in Zion was literary as well as literal. Essential to the construction of the Lamanite was also the construction of the Indian, a character of violence and depravity against which the civilized Lamanite could be drawn. As the Mormon archive grew full of elegiac celebrations of the poor Indian slave—almost always an Indian slave girl—whom the Saints claimed to have purchased into freedom and self-knowledge, Mormons also wrote about the refusal of the Indian—almost always a male Indian slaver—to accept his lessons, an act of defiance that was deemed a demonstration not of human agency but instead of savagery. Through their performances of violence against Mormons and against the Mormons’ Lamanites, these Indians proved that they were in fact Indians. And they were made to be so on paper.
Absolute, pressure-dependent validation of a calibration-free, airborne laser hygrometer transfer standard (SEALDH-II) from 5 to 1200 ppmv using a metrological humidity generator
Authors: Buchholz Bernhard , Ebert Volker
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Highly accurate water vapor measurements are indispensable for understanding
a variety of scientific questions as well as industrial processes. While in
metrology water vapor concentrations can be defined, generated, and measured
with relative uncertainties in the single percentage range, field-deployable
airborne instruments deviate even under quasistatic laboratory conditions up
to 10–20 %. The novel SEALDH-II hygrometer, a calibration-free, tuneable
diode laser spectrometer, bridges this gap by implementing a new holistic
concept to achieve higher accuracy levels in the field. We present in this paper the absolute validation of
SEALDH-II at a traceable humidity generator during 23 days of permanent
operation at 15 different H2O mole fraction levels between 5 and
1200 ppmv. At each mole fraction level, we studied the pressure dependence
at six different gas pressures between 65 and 950 hPa. Further, we describe
the setup for this metrological validation, the challenges to overcome when
assessing water vapor measurements on a high accuracy level, and the
comparison results. With this validation, SEALDH-II is the first airborne,
metrologically validated humidity transfer standard which links several
scientific airborne and laboratory measurement campaigns to the international
metrological water vapor scale.
Characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by TEC map based on ground-based GNSS receivers over South America
Authors: Barros Diego , Takahashi Hisao , Wrasse Cristiano M. , Figueiredo Cosme Alexandre O. B.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A ground-based network of GNSS receivers has been used to monitor equatorial
plasma bubbles (EPBs) by mapping the total electron content (TEC map). The
large coverage of the TEC map allowed us to monitor several EPBs
simultaneously and get characteristics of the dynamics, extension and
longitudinal distributions of the EPBs from the onset time until their
disappearance. These characteristics were obtained by using TEC map analysis
and the keogram technique. TEC map databases analyzed were for the period
between November 2012 and January 2016. The zonal drift velocities of the
EPBs showed a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 123 m s−1 at the
Equator to 65 m s−1 for 35∘ S latitude. Consequently,
observed EPBs are inclined against the geomagnetic field lines. Both zonal
drift velocity and the inclination of the EPBs were compared to the
thermospheric neutral wind, which showed good agreement. Moreover, the large
two-dimensional coverage of TEC maps allowed us to study periodic EPBs with a
wide longitudinal distance. The averaged values observed for the inter-bubble
distances also presented a clear latitudinal gradient varying from 920 km at
the Equator to 640 km at 30∘ S. The latitudinal gradient in the
inter-bubble distances seems to be related to the difference in the zonal
drift velocity of the EPB from the Equator to middle latitudes and to the
difference in the westward movement of the terminator. On several occasions,
the distances reached more than 2000 km. Inter-bubble distances greater than
1000 km have not been reported in the literature. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities) – meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (thermospheric dynamics)
Rock glaciers in the Daxue Shan, southeastern Tibetan Plateau: an
inventory, their distribution, and their environmental controls
Authors: Ran Zeze , Liu Gengnian
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Rock glaciers are typical periglacial landforms. They can indicate the existence of permafrost, and can also shed light on the regional geomorphological and climatic conditions under which they may have developed. This article provides the first rock glacier inventory of the Daxue Shan. The inventory has been based on analyses of Google Earth imagery as well as upon scientific validation in the field. In total, 534 rock glaciers were identified in the Daxue Shan, covering a total area of 156.35 km2, between the altitudes of 4,200 and 4,600 m above sea level (asl). Supported by the ArcGIS and SPSS software programs, we extracted and calculated the parameters of these rock glaciers, and analyzed the characteristics of their spatial distribution within the Daxue Shan. Our inventory suggests that the lower altitudinal boundary for permafrost across the eight aspects of slopes observed in the Daxue Shan (i.e., slopes facing north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest) differs significantly. The lower altitudinal permafrost boundary is ~ 88 m lower on eastern- rather than western-facing slopes. These results show that environmental controls (i.e., topographical, climatic, lithological factors) greatly affect the formation and development of rock glaciers. This study provides important data for exploring the relation between marine-type periglacial environments and the development of rock glaciers on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). It may also highlight the characteristics typical of rock glaciers found in a maritime setting.
II. ESTUDIOS CRÍTICOS
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: January 2018

Notas sobre literatura, escritura y arte contemporáneos
III. RESEÑAS
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: January 2018

Notas sobre literatura, escritura y arte contemporáneos
Post-focal and factive deaccentuation in Persian
Authors: Rahmani Hamed , Rietveld Toni , Gussenhoven Carlos
Published: January 2018

Two experiments were carried out to examine whether the Persian word accent is deleted in two putative deaccenting contexts, post-focal regions and presupposed embedded clauses, to the extent that accentual minimal pairs become homophonous. A production experiment showed low F0 plateaus on the post-focal and presupposed words, while a perception experiment showed that such words are not recognized above a just-noticeable-difference baseline. The results confirm that accents are deleted in the contexts concerned and that accent location contrasts are neutralized.
Charles Ives's Concord
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

In January 1921, New York insurance company executive Charles Ives mailed self-published scores of a piano sonata he had written to 200 strangers. Unprecedentedly complex and modern beyond any music the recipients had seen before, the piece was subtitled “Concord, Mass., 1840-1860,” and the four sonata movements were named for American authors: “Emerson,” “Hawthorne,” “The Alcotts,” “Thoreau.” Ridiculed in the press at first, the Concord Sonata gained admirers (including composers like Copland and Gershwin and writers like Henry Bellamann), and when finally given its complete world premiere by John Kirkpatrick in 1939, it was hailed as “the greatest music composed by an American.” The piece is so complex that it has never been fully analyzed before, and this book is the first to explore and detail its methods on every page. Likewise, Ives wrote a book to accompany the sonata, titled Essays Before a Sonata, purporting to explain his aesthetic thinking, and no one has ever before seriously examined Ives’s aesthetic through-argument.
The Programmatic Argument and Henry Sturt
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

At the time Ives began the Concord, program music (music that implicitly referred to or musical described historical or literary narratives) was still somewhat controversial. The prologue of Essays Before a Sonata takes up the topic of program music and reveals Ives’s erudite understanding of its previous history. It also reveals his indebtedness to a minor English Hegelian philosopher named Henry Sturt, who has never before been covered in the Ives literature.
“Hawthorne”
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

Ives’s “Hawthorne” movement is a complicated essay in moment form – a kind of collage of discontinuous and fairly static musical moments. Being inspired by a story about a train, it runs on ostinatos (repeating bass figures). For decades Kirkpatrick’s analysis of the movement in seven parts has prevailed, but a more detailed approach recognizes ten distinct sections: one imitating a brass band, another evoking the pilgrim’s in Hawthorne’s story, and others showing Ives’s idiosyncratic conception of ragtime.
The First Piano Sonata
Authors: Gann Kyle
Published: January 2018

Ives’s First Piano Sonata (1901-1917, written concurrently with the Concord) is analyzed here to show differences between its formal design and the Concord’s. Particularly evident is its greater reliance on ragtime and quoted hymn tunes, including its jazzy rendition of “Bringing in the Sheaves.”
Clan and Cultural Intimacy
Authors: Bjork Stephanie R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter provides an overview of Somali kinship studies and discusses why such studies have become marginalized within Somali studies. It is argued that cultural intimacy explains the intricacies that shape Somalis’ contestation of clan and the cultural intimacy of clan inhibits scholarship. A practice theory approach to clan is outlined and Bourdieu’s formulation of social capital serves as a foundation for understanding how clan is experienced and employed. The chapter discusses Somalis’ initial movement to Finland as accidental and later movement as a strategy to access benefits of the Finnish welfare state. The Finnish context is discussed, including xenophobia and racism, as well as strategies and challenges of conducting research including views of researchers.
Telling
Authors: Bjork Stephanie R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter elucidates the ways Somalis tell and read clan in daily life. The social practice of telling helps legitimize clan affiliation and social boundaries of Somaliness (e.g., excluding Somali minorities from Somaliness). Telling opens up the potential for individuals to build clan-based social capital and exchange capital in its various forms. Social conventions of telling clan, particularly how these have changed since the early to mid-1990s, are explored as well as differences in clan competence. It is shown that while telling clan through markers such as language and dialect, cultivate affinity within clans, these same features can be used to form links across clans.
Movement
Authors: Bjork Stephanie R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses movement in various forms: young Somalis away from family households, online interactions, to Finland drawn by the Finnish welfare state, and international travel including travel to Somalia and the Horn of Africa. While movement presents opportunities, dispersion threatens collective interests. That is especially the case for youth who seek autonomy by living independently from parents or guardian(s) and for others who embrace a Finnish lifestyle. For them, clan networks seem to be more of a constraint than an opportunity. This chapter highlights these tensions between family and clan obligations and autonomy, gender equality, remittances, morality, and Islamic practices and dress.
Prologue
Authors: Bjork Stephanie R.
Published: January 2018

Since 1991 Somalia, a country of approximately ten million situated on the Horn of Africa, bordering Djibouti, Kenya, and Ethiopia, has featured prominently in international newscasts. That year, the United Somali Congress (USC)—led by a faction of the Abgaal and Habar Gidir clans who descend from the Hawiye clan family—ousted President General Maxamed Siyad Barre. Chaos ensued. This civil strife continues, albeit intermittently, to trouble the country....
Introduction
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

In 2002, Alyne da Silva Pimentel, a twenty-eight-year-old Afro-Brazilian woman, died several days after experiencing complications resulting from a stillbirth that was inadequately treated at a public health center. The circumstances leading to her death highlighted gross inadequacies and failures in the quality of maternity care and emergency obstetric care provided to poor, Afro-descendant women in Brazil. A number of missteps and instances of medical neglect led to Alyne’s premature and preventable death, including inadequate provision of services to pregnant women and a lack of high-quality emergency obstetric care in the region where she lived....
Black Women’s Health Activism and the Development of Intersectional Health Policy
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines black women health activists’ contributions to an intersectional reconceptualization of health that links gender health equity and racial health equity. The analysis explores the development of black women’s organizations in Brazil and their advocacy and policy work related to reproductive health, female sterilization, and HIV/AIDS. The analysis also focuses on black women’s local, national, and transnational activism, particularly related to the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. The chapter argues that black women’s efforts to promote the development of non-universalist health policies underscores the importance of activists, scholars, and the Brazilian state reconceptualizing health disparities in ways that acknowledge the interrelationship among racial, gender, and socio-economic inequalities.
Mapping the Development of Health Policies for the Black Population
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the development of health policies for the black population in Brazil from 1988, a year that marked the 100th anniversary of Brazilian abolition and the promulgation of a new democratic Constitution, to the early 2010s. The analysis places the development of health policies for the black population within a larger context of race-conscious policy development, particularly in relation to the Statute of Racial Equality and affirmative action policies for higher education. As this chapter argues, political openings were created during the mid-1990s and early 2000s that facilitated the development of health policies for the black population. However, such policies were often highly contested and their full implementation was often undermined.
Strategies to Challenge Institutional Racism and Color Blindness in the Health Sector
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

By analyzing initiatives related to institutional racism and the collection of color/race data, this chapter elucidates the ways in which discourses on race, racism, and racial identity have taken shape in the Brazilian health sector. The analysis examines how the concept of institutional racism informed programmatic initiatives in cities such as Salvador and Recife during the early and mid 2000s. This chapter also discusses efforts to encourage collection of color/race data in the state of São Paulo and the complexities of promoting discussions of racial identity and racial health disparities among health professionals in Brazil.
Making Race and Gender Visible in Brazil’s HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

Brazil has been long considered a global leader in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment; however, little is known about the effectiveness of these prevention and treatment efforts for the Afro-Brazilian population. This chapter examines the shift toward greater government action focused on HIV prevention for Afro-Brazilians. The chapter also explores HIV prevention initiatives developed by black women’s organizations and how the dynamics of gender, race, and class shape HIV vulnerability for Afro-Brazilian women. Finally, this chapter examines critiques of racially specific HIV prevention initiatives and the tensions between universalism and race consciousness that have characterized the shift toward focusing on the black population in HIV prevention efforts.
Conclusion
Authors: Caldwell Kia Lilly
Published: January 2018

This book has examined some of the key issues shaping efforts to achieve gender and racial health equity in Brazil. While Brazil continues to face a number of challenges in fully achieving health equity, it is important to recognize areas in which substantial progress has been achieved. During the 1990s, Brazil’s public health policies and the establishment of the Unified Health System (SUS) placed the country far ahead of many of its Latin American neighbors, as well as more economically developed countries, such as the United States. In addition, Brazil’s pioneering HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment initiatives and notable successes in curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic have served as important models globally....
Beyond Respectability
Authors: Cooper Brittney C.
Published: January 2018

In the late nineteenth century, a group of publicly active African American women emerged from the social and educational elite to assume racial leadership roles. Their work challenged thinking on racial issues as well as questions about gender, sexuality, and class.
Beyond Respectability charts the development of African American women as public intellectuals and the evolution of their thought from the end of the 1800s through the Black Power era of the 1970s. Eschewing the Great Race Man paradigm so prominent in contemporary discourse, Brittney C. Cooper looks at the far-reaching intellectual achievements of female thinkers and activists like Anna Julia Cooper, Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Barrier Williams, Pauli Murray, and Toni Cade Bambara. Cooper delves into the processes that transformed these women and others into racial leadership figures, including long-overdue discussions of their theoretical output and personal experiences. As Cooper shows, their body of work critically reshaped our understandings of race and gender discourse. It also confronted entrenched ideas of how--and who--produced racial knowledge.
The Duty of the True Race Woman
Authors: Cooper Brittney C.
Published: January 2018

What does it mean and what has it meant to be a Black female intellectual? What does it mean to be a race woman? When and where are the sites of race women’s becoming? Brittney Cooper argues that to arrive at an answer to the first question, we must diligently interrogate and examine the latter questions. Race women were the first Black women intellectuals. As they entered into public racial leadership roles beyond the church in the decades after Reconstruction, they explicitly fashioned for themselves a public duty to serve their people through diligent and careful intellectual work and attention to “proving the intellectual character” of the race. Pauline Hopkins declared two key tasks attached to the work of the “true race-woman.” They were “to study” and “to discuss” “all phases of the race question.” Not only were these women institution builders and activists; they declared themselves public thinkers on race questions. Though Hopkins and her colleagues were part of a critical mass of public Black women thinkers in the 1890s, they joined a longer list of Black women who had been at the forefront of debates over “the woman question” and the role of Black women in public life throughout the 1800s.
The Aesthetics of Anticipation
Authors: Crawford Margo Natalie
Published: January 2018

The first chapter argues that black aesthetics pivot on the spirit of anticipation. The first section of this chapter focuses on the 1920 and 30s Harlem Renaissance anticipation of the Black Arts Movement. Crawford then shows how the Black Arts Movement anticipates the post-black maneuvers of the 21st century. This chapter examines literature written by Langston Hughes, Jean Toomer, Claudia Rankine, Amiri Baraka, Gwendolyn Brooks, and others.
Approaching the WorldGod
Authors: Kincaid Paul
Published: January 2018

Changes in his personal life, in particular separation from his first wife and the death of his trusted editor James Hale, brought a change in Banks’s fiction. The Algebraist ran directly counter to the innovations he had introduced to space opera. The chapter shows how his best late-period novel, Transition, was written in dialogue with The Steep Approach to Garbadale. It then examines the religious issues underlying the last Culture trilogy, in which the Culture is often peripheral to the action, while ideas about the nature of God, the afterlife and religious texts are central to the novels.
A Few Questions on the Culture
Authors: Roberts Jude
Published: January 2018

This interview with Iain Banks was conducted by email between April and June 2010 as part of Jude Roberts’s PhD on the Culture. It draws on the extraordinary way Banks’s writing investigates and interrogates language, the body, the relationship between the self and society, and the relationship between the self and the other, to consider what it is to be a person. The full, strident, and often playful answers he gives here are entirely characteristic of his writing and persona more generally. A version of the interview was published at ...
Introduction
Authors: Goyens Tom
Published: January 2018

On May 30, 2012, the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation dedicated a plaque to Justus H. Schwab, who died in 1900, at the site of his Liberty Hall saloon at 50 East 1st Street on the Lower East Side.1 Born in 1847, Schwab was a German American mason by trade and one of the first anarchists in New York. He opened his saloon in 1875 or 1876, and it quickly became a “headquarters for anarchists,” as the ...
Times of Propaganda and Struggle
Authors: Castañeda Christopher J.
Published: January 2018

Comrade F. Netlau: I send you a copy of the “Despertar” with all the numbers we have in the house.

—Pedro Esteve to Max Nettlau, July 13, 1894

Pedro Esteve, a Spanish anarchist and printer, was corresponding with Max Nettlau, a German historian living in London, who had asked Esteve to send copies of ...
New Wind
Authors: Cornell Andrew
Published: January 2018

Something of a revolution in anarchist thought occurred during the 1940s and early 1950s, much of it centered in New York City. World War II divided the small contingent of U.S. anarchists active during the Depression years, as many movement veterans reluctantly endorsed the Allies as the only viable means of defeating fascism. However, a new generation of activists -- many of them recent college graduates -- established journals and organizations that rejected participation in the war, often on pacifist grounds, and that began to reevaluate central tenets of anarchist theory. This chapter explores the milieu that developed in New York City, Woodstock, NY, and rural New Jersey at mid-century, focusing on three "little magazines" that supported and influenced one another: Politics, Why?, and Retort. Although anarchism was at a numerical nadir during these years, a tight-knit community of artists, theorists, and radical pacifists developed ideas, tactics, and aesthetics that reshaped anarchism so fundamentally that they remain prominent today in the Occupy Wall Street demonstrations.
Up against the Wall Motherfucker
Authors: Casey Caitlin
Published: January 2018

By the late sixties, America’s rebellious youth had adopted a multitude of forms – political activists, cultural activists, anti-activism dropouts, and everything in between. Yet, even in this multifaceted subculture, one group stood out, according to activist Susan Stern, as “the downright dirtiest, skuzziest, and loudest group of people I’d ever laid eyes on” – the Motherfuckers, short for Up Against the Wall Motherfucker (UAW/MF), a militant Lower East Side-based activist group rooted in the anarchist tradition and equally devoted to political and cultural activism, to performing and being recognized on a national and local scale. Although a small group, they inspired a substantial following among the denizens of the Lower East Side from late 1967 to mid-1969
ABC No Rio as an Anarchist Space
Authors: Moore Alan W.
Published: January 2018

ABC No Rio is a long-running cultural institution on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. It is a nonprofit corporation under New York State law. It was founded and run on radical democratic principles, and its current director is an erstwhile anarchist organizer. A metal plaque out front states that it is dedicated to the “culture of resistance.” So is it an anarchist space? At the very least, ABC No Rio has an anarchist past. This chapter lays out some histories of the project, how it evolved through art and politics, and its present position in the midst of a major capital project to construct a new center on the site of the old....
Resistance Movements
Authors: Prusin Alexander
Published: January 2018

Examines the emergence, make-up, and activities of the two resistance movements – the nationalist Chetniks and the communist Partisans - and the complexity of their relationship. Initially, they collaborated with one another, but their ultimate goals were mutually exclusive. The Chetniks under Draža Mihailović considered themselves a part of the Yugoslav royal army and saw their primary objective in preserving the old political and social order. Headed by Josip Broz Tito, the Partisans were equally determined to destroy that order and build a new one, modelled after the Bolshevik regime in Russia. After a short period of cooperation, such divergence of interests prompted the Chetniks and the Partisans to embark upon mutual destruction.
“Serbia Is Quiet,” 1942–1944
Authors: Prusin Alexander
Published: January 2018

Examines the situation in Serbia in 1942-1944. After the defeat in the fall-winter 1941, the depleted Partisan forces in Serbia confined their actions to small-scale attacks and sabotage acts, while the Chetniks remained largely passive. It appeared, therefore, that small German contingents assisted by the Bulgarian and collaborationist forces would be able to keep the country in check. However, the Partisans gradually re-organized their depleted units into a large and effective force and ultimately emerged victorious. At the same time, the efforts to maintain a precarious balance between collaboration and resistance weakened the Chetniks and led to their ultimate defeat.
Conclusion
Authors: Prusin Alexander
Published: January 2018

Summarizes the key arguments of the book: German occupation of Serbia was characterized by ad-hoc actions of different German offices; war unleashed a bitter split between Serbs of different political orientations; as elsewhere in German-occupied Europe, the majority of Serbs had to endure constant hardship and threat of violence
The Burden of Bread
Authors: Civitello Linda
Published: January 2018

This chapter shows how American exceptionalism in food set the groundwork for the baking powder revolution. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, bread was a staple food in the diet of Americans, who consumed one pound per person per day. Bread was also symbolic and connected to religion and morality. Housewives had to make their own yeast and bake bread, and were judged for it. Poor loaves were believed to cause dyspepsia, a catch-all term for any digestive problem. Pressures from Sylvester Graham and other authorities, plus variables in yeast, flour, gluten, climate, ovens, and measurements, created baking difficulties for women.
The Advertising War Begins
Authors: Civitello Linda
Published: January 2018

In the 1870s, with scores of companies jumping on the baking powder band wagon and using newspapers, magazines, and trade cards to advertise, Royal pioneered ideological warfare that claimed its competitors’ products were adulterated or poisonous. Royal also published The Royal Baker and Pastry Chef, a corporate cookbook that glorified its products and educated female consumers about them. In the West, baking powder was adopted readily by Scandinavian immigrants but was given to Native Americans on reservations to make wheat-based instead of corn-based breadstuffs as part of forced assimilation.
The Rise of Baking Powder Business
Authors: Civitello Linda
Published: January 2018

In Chicago and Terre Haute, Indiana, two new companies entered the baking powder war. Both used a new formula based on sodium aluminum sulfate, which Royal conflated with alum. Calumet was headed by salesman William Wright; Clabber was developed by the German Catholic immigrant Hulman family. Within fifty years, the Hulmans had grown from a small grocery to a distillery and department store, and wholesaler with branches throughout the Midwest, and earned the respect of labor leader and native son Eugene Debs. Baking powder also expanded into new foods such as Aunt Jemima pancake mix.
Introduction
Authors: Saylor Eric
Published: January 2018

The introduction lays out the paradoxical nature of early twentieth-century pastoral music, contrasting its large-scale popularity among listeners with its long-term critical dismissal. However, if considered as a manifestation of what Peter Stansky calls the “radical domestic”—the bringing about of significant cultural changes incrementally, so as to avoid political and social disruption—then pastoralism actually reflects an important facet of British musical modernism. Arising after 1920, this new idiom departed from more traditional evocations of the pastoral associated with the Romantic era, but still embraced a similarly broad array of topics even as the stylistic range began to narrow.
Arcadia
Authors: Saylor Eric
Published: January 2018

The Greek province of Arcadia is perhaps the most important locus for pastoralism in a classical context. Arcadian inhabitants such as shepherds, nymphs, and the god Pan play significant roles in both literary and musical contexts, and they can be expressed in an array of settings—not all of which are themselves classical. One such manifestation is “Merrie England,” an amalgamation of tropes and images drawn predominantly from the Elizabethan era and popular among the Victorians and Edwardians. Musical evocations of that site reveal important aspects of how idealized pastoral settings reflected Britons’ view of their own society at the height of empire.
War
Authors: Saylor Eric
Published: January 2018

Pastoral music was one of the most important methods by which composers engaged with the horrors of the First World War, both at home and abroad. This chapter is divided into three sections, each focusing on pairs of composers who experienced the war in different ways: those who were unable to serve but engaged with the conflict at the home front; those who died in combat, and whose musical legacies have taken markedly different forms; and veterans whose memories catalyzed a new and distinctively modern expression of the pastoral in the decade after the war.
The Phenomenological Gaze and Speech
Authors: Dastur Françoise , Vallier Robert
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger become juxtaposed when it comes to the topic of “phenomenological gaze.” It is a known fact that Heidegger always includes himself in the phenomenological project, which thinks the relation of humans to the world on the basis of a seeing and in the mode of intuition. We cannot underestimate the importance that Heidegger attaches to what he calls the practice of phenomenological seeing that he had learned beginning in 1916 through personal contact with Husserl. The chapter also analyzes what Heidegger teaches us by calling the relation of the human to Being “hermeneutic”: to listen to the speech that orders all saying and all seeing, which have meaning and efficacy only in relation to the originary engagement in which we have always already staked our being.
Time and the Other
Authors: Dastur Françoise , Vallier Robert
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines Emmanuel Levinas's claim that the question of the alterity of the other cannot be separated from the question of the alterity of time, and how both questions are intertwined in both Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. It begins by asking whether the Husserlian transcendental ego constitutes a sphere that is absolutely closed off to time and to the other. It then considers Heidegger's assertion that we must understand time not on the basis of eternity, but on the basis of time itself. It argues that, between ontological and ontic Dasein, there is only a “temporal” difference, a difference in the mode of the temporalization of temporality—and not, as in Husserl, a difference between a factual mortal ego and an immortal transcendental ego.
The Circular Routes of Colonial and Postcolonial Domestic Work: Però’s and Ciaravino’s Alexandria and Ghermandi’s “The Story of Woizero Bekelech and Signor Antonio”
Authors: Fiore Teresa
Published: January 2018

The chapter explores the connection between emigration and immigration through a combined reading of texts where demographic movements are defined by colonial routes: Renata Ciaravino’s script for the 2005 play Alexandria directed by Franco Però about adventurous women from the Friuli region who emigrated to Egypt in the 1920s to work as wet nurses and maids anticipates the silent yet profoundly important role of today’s domestic helpers and caretakers in Italy as portrayed by Gabriella Ghermandi’s colonial/post-colonial “The Story of Woizero Bekelech and Signor Antonio,” included in her 2007 novel Regina di fiori e di perle. The two texts highlight the forms of emancipation that women migrants develop as part of relocations abroad as well as the forms of awareness about colonial power relations that they prompt among locals.
Breaking Resemblance
Authors: Alexandrova Alena
Published: January 2018

During the past two decades curators and artists have shown a distinct interest in religion, its different traditions, manifestations in public life, gestures and images. Since the early 1990s in Europe and the United States many artists critically re-appropriated religious, motifs, themes and images to produce works that cannot qualify as ‘religious,’ but remains in a dialogue with the visual legacy of mostly the Western, and more specifically the Catholic, version of Christianity. The book explores the complex relationship between contemporary art and religion. It focuses on the ways artists re-appropriate religious motifs as a means to reflect critically on our desire to believe in images, on the history of seeing them, and on their double power – iconic and political. When embedded in contemporary artworks, religious motifs become tools to address issues that are central to the infrastructure of, and the distinction between, different eras or regimes of the image: the rules that regulate the status of images and their public significance, their modes of production, circulation and display. The book examines the important motif of the acheiropoietic image (not made by human hands). Its survival and transformation in contemporary image-making practices provides a conceptual matrix for understanding of the reconfiguring relationships between art and religion.
The book discusses a number of exhibitions that take religion as their central theme, and a selection works by Bill Viola, Lawrence Malstaf, Victoria Reynolds and Berlinde de Bruyckere who, in their respective ways and media, recycle religious motifs and iconography, and whose works resonate with, or problematise the motif of the true image.
Traumatic Allegories
Authors: Talbayev Edwige Tamalet
Published: January 2018

Taking as a starting point Ranjana Khanna’s political concept of melancholic remembrance as the choice avenue towards a more democratic Algeria, this chapter offers a critique of dominant readings of Mokeddem’s transnational framework in light of Deleuzian deterritorialization. It argues that the fluctuations of her novel N’Zid’s “post-traumatic” allegorical mode of expression (Ross Chambers) tear the seemingly clear-cut opposition between rooted and nomadic subjects. In turn, they reveal more complex forms of identity which, if they do not sacrifice the singular in the name of the collective, do not sacrifice the collective in the name of the singular. Both exceeding the nation and actively laying claim to it, this model of mobility elaborates a Mediterranean framework of social interactions intent on reclaiming and preserving the diversity of the Algerian collective in a melancholic mode. The chapter demonstrates how this empowered form of singularity navigates the meanders of collective and individual memory to undo many years of forced oblivion. A remodeling of Mokeddem’s Deleuzian desert nomadism, her Mediterranean trope emerges as a strategic transnational channel of opposition to narrow definitions of collective identity and spawns a new social compact in the wake of the Algerian Black Decade.
Introduction
Authors: Cha Yoon Sook
Published: January 2018

Simone Weil does not tire of saying that the “I” must be emptied, renounced, reduced to the point it occupies in space and time. “Absolute solitude,” she writes.1 It is perhaps baffling to think that an other-centered ethics of preservation can be culled from the emptying of the “I,” as this book will try to do. For it is not obvious that a relationality, let alone a responsibility, emerges from the scene of self-dispossession Weil describes time and again in her late writings, nor is it clear how the other’s claims upon oneself—specifically, his claim not to be harmed—might be met under deleterious conditions. Weil says that the claim, expressed in the question, “Why am I being harmed?” (Pourquoi me fait-on du mal?), is the first and last cry of the other emerging from the deepest recesses of his soul in response to injury and force. We might further state that the cry is the very claim of his subjectivity, understood in Weilian terms as his “human being as such” (l’être humain comme tel), which is said to exert “the indefinable influence of his human presence” (l’influence indéfinissable de sa présence humaine)....
The Extravagant Demand of Asking Nothing
Authors: Cha Yoon Sook
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the decreative aim of obligation through the contrasting poles of destitution and extravagance in the context of Simone Weil’s personal experiences. It argues that the ethical relationship between oneself and the other presumes a love that seeks to fulfill itself in the form of a withdrawal that entails the renunciation of the “I” and its egological claims to centrality and plenitude. Accordingly, decreating the “I” implies a kind of destitution that, however contradictory, underwrites one’s love of the other. Weil’s account of withdrawal in her own life – particularly in her “spiritual autobiography” which affirms impersonal being – nonetheless reinscribes the self at the scene of its depersonalization. The problematic pursued in this chapter, then, is the antinomy through which decreation unfolds.
Empty Petitions
Authors: Cha Yoon Sook
Published: January 2018

This chapter shows how the last letters of Simone Weil reveal a tension between an imperative to speak and preserving an essential emptiness through silence. Through a discussion of “the perfect demand” which asks for what already, infallibly exists, this chapter demonstrates the outward incongruity of the completeness of the object of one’s certitude (which exists independently of its being realized) and the narrative incompletion of positing such an object. In this context, the chapter considers Weil’s unheeded demand to be made use of in a Resistance mission in view of the decreative obligation to preserve the other from harm. What can we say about this responsibility to the other at the crux of her petitions – one that in its articulation is enacted without being fulfilled? The chapter suggests that it is an exercise of articulation that brings into view the reality of existence and the fundamentally empty petition of decreation.
The Sense and the Conception of Being (Selections)
Authors: Bugbee Henry
Published: January 2018

Bugbee’s Doctoral Dissertation was entitled “The Sense and Conception of Being” (1947). The dissertation does not offer an extensional metaphysics of Being in the classical sense of Aristotle’s timeless study of being qua being. Being is fundamentally experiential, something sensed as opposed to conceptualized. Bugbee insisted that formal metaphysics fails to capture the experiential immediacy and directness of Being—dimensions “formal” structures ultimately fail to register. The dissertation was signed by Jacob M. Lowenberg, Stephen C. Pepper, and George P. Adams.
A Venture in the Open
Authors: Bugbee Henry
Published: January 2018

Part Two consists of three of Bugbee’s previously published writings. A Venture in the Open advocates the need to “venture into the open,” living in such a way connoted by the German verb “untersuchen” – to “seek among” things while probing their capacity to reveal more inclusive radii of meaning.
Wilderness in America
Authors: Bugbee Henry
Published: January 2018

Wilderness in America, echoing Thoreau, views our task as one of becoming duly instructed in the majesty of nature. If one’s instruction goes deep enough, its implications will be life-long – “destinate” as Bugbee liked to say – simply because “nature is with us more than we know.”
The Revolution in Western Thought: Another Step (1962)
Authors: Bugbee Henry
Published: January 2018

Part Three consists of four previously unpublished pieces. The Revolution in Western Thought: Another Step was written in response to Huston Smith’s The Revolution in Western Thought. Bugbee read Smith’s essay with care and his response reflects several of the perennial themes of Bugbee’s philosophy: the importance of an experientially-based metaphysics, the reflexive (elliptical) nature of experience and reflection, and the need to recover the sense of mystery essential to all forms of religious experience.
Nature and a True Artist (n.d.)
Authors: Bugbee Henry
Published: January 2018

Nature and a True Artist explores the intimate line of continuity between humankind and nature – a potentiating experience of “reciprocal strengthening” and “mutual support” – offering the possibility of transfiguration of both self and world.
A Way of Reading the Book of Job (1963)
Authors: Bugbee Henry
Published: January 2018

A Way of Reading the Book of Job is Bugbee’s reflection on the story of Job from the point of view of Job himself. Despite the complete absence of any material evidence to the contrary, Job remains steadfast – laying claim to an understanding of cosmic justice both mysterious and resistant to any kind of anthropocentric moral compass.
The World
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

Nancy retraces the concept of “world” throughout his body of work. He comments on religion, the twentieth-century critique of humanism or “man,” and his recent book and collaboration with an astrophysicist. He goes on to describe a world as a “meeting” or “assembling.”
Nihilism or Joy
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

Nancy names the alternatives to nihilism as desire, joy, and jouissance. He offers a sort of genealogy of joy from Plato to Christianity to Protestantism to Modern Philosophy to Freud and contemporary life. He distinguishes joy from need and relates it to the greeting of a world.
Chaste Impossibilities: Adultery and Individuation in Othello
Authors: Stockton Will
Published: January 2018

This chapter advances the polemical argument that Desdemona is guilty of adultery insofar as she is a creature of the flesh. Chronicling the recent turn away from the “saint or strumpet” debate about Othello’s wife that runs through the first few centuries of the play’s criticism, this chapter maintain that the current critical construction of Desdemona as a chaste but sexual subject often amounts to an essentialist guardianship of her Christian virtue. This construction protects Desdemona from the self-adulterating consequences of her marriage – her race-mixing union in the flesh with a black man and arguably a Muslim. Just as often, this construction takes Desdemona’s chastity as an object of critical certainty, ironically reinforcing the claim of so many Renaissance marriage moralizers that chaste wives must be transparent subjects – their thoughts and actions completely legible to their husbands who head the marital body. This chapter treats adultery as an inevitable effect of a wife being both too much one with and too separate from her husband.
Epilogue: Why (Again) Are the Utopians Monogamous?
Authors: Stockton Will
Published: January 2018

This epilogue moves beyond Shakespeare to consider the relationship between marriage and Christian citizenship in three utopian texts: Thomas More’s Utopia, Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis, and Henry Neville’s Isle of Pines. Reading the first against the latter two, it argues that Utopian monogamy signals of that state’s readiness to enter the body of Christ. The epilogue concludes with a brief discussion of Reformation controversy over the sacramental status of marriage.
Phenomenology as Lectio Divina
Authors: Horner Robyn
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, Robyn Horner offers important methodological reflections on phenomenology while also examining the function of visibility in John 8:2-11. Horner juxtaposes the visibility of the woman with the “invisability” of Jesus. The text obscures Jesus even as it invites us to look at him. Yet, while Jesus is ungraspable, the woman is extremely visible, perhaps too visible. In the course of the narrative, Jesus transforms the woman’s pornographic visibility into a visible mirror of God’s love and mercy.
The Affects of Unity
Authors: Housset Emmanuel
Published: January 2018

In this chapter, Emmanuel Housset examines the affective dimensions of Paul’s conception of community in Ephesians 4:1-4. According to that passage, Christians are called to live with “humility, gentleness, and patience.” For Housset, those three affects constitute a Christian way of “being-thrown” into the world. Thus the affects are not normative virtues or subjective sentiments, but the very conditions of a Christian existence that exceeds the purely human possibilities of “social dispersion and violence.”