bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychology in Latin America: A Qualitative Study of Commonalities and Singularities
Authors: Consoli Andrés , Flores Iliana , Sharma Himadhari , Sheltzer Joshua , Gallegos Miguel , Pérez-Acosta Andrés
Published: December 2021

Psychology in Latin America, its development, and main contributors have not received the attention they deserve among the scientific and professional English-speaking communities. The present study analyzes the contributions to psychology in Latin America made by the recipients of the Interamerican Psychology award in the Spanish or Portuguese category, granted by the Interamerican Society of Psychology. The award, instituted in 1976 and named Rogelio Díaz Guerrero since 2007, recognizes psychologists who have advanced the discipline as a science and profession in the Americas. To date, SIP has granted 26 such awards. This qualitative study identifies commonalities and singularities in the contributions made by the first 26 awardees. The commonalities were organized around three overlapping themes: social responsiveness, intersectionality of psychology and culture, and international engagement. The singularities were systematized into two overlapping themes: development of historically underdeveloped topics, and discipline transformations. Each theme is defined and illustrated accordingly. The commitment to advancing social justice and increasing the relevance of psychology in addressing social issues by the awardees as a whole stands out as an important characteristic of psychology in Latin America.
Carlos Alberto Seguín Escobedo (1907-1995): un peruano en la presidencia de la Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología
Authors: Arias Gallegos Walter , Gallegos Miguel , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás
Published: December 2021

En este artículo revisamos la vida y obra de Carlos Alberto Seguín (1907-1995), uno de los psiquiatras más representativos del Perú, que contribuyó a difundir los saberes psicológicos y promovió el desarrollo de la medicina psicosomática en América Latina y planteó ideas originales en campos como la psiquiatría social y la psicoterapia, desde perspectivas psicoanalíticas y existencialistas. Presentamos primero un recorrido de sus primeros años y su formación como psiquiatra y psicoanalista, para luego dedicarnos al análisis de su obra y su participación en diversos eventos y organizaciones como la Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología. Además, se hace una revisión de su faceta docente, literaria y editorial.
Development Of Regression Models To Measure Energy And Inflation Time Of A Fabricated Tyre Pressure Control Unit
Authors: AMOSUN Taıwo , SAMUEL Olusegun David
Published: December 2021

Tyre pressure plays a significant role in ensuring safe and economical driving. This research work was done in two major steps. A novel tyre pressure control unit was developed using mechatronic engineering approach of system integration for the control of car tyre inflation pressure. The control unit is designed to comprise air compressor, microcontroller, pressure sensor and rotary valves. A software program was written and embedded in the microcontroller which counts the number of pulses in the pressure sensor. The paper also goes further to illustrate an ordinary (non survival) linear regression models for the variations in energy and inflation time with inflation pressure. The results obtained showed that the values of energy and inflation time increased and varied for the tyre specimen considered. The developed statistical models help to predict required energy and inflation time at different inflation pressures.
MODELING OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM FOR TAJIK STUDENTS STUDYING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Averchenkov Andrey , Alidodov Amirmamad Murodmamadovich
Published: December 2021

Tajik students studying in the Russian Federation can be considered as a social system. Indeed, it is characterized by such universal (common to all social systems) characteristics as complex interrelation and interconitionality of internal processes, emergence, dynamics of social processes, and interconnection with outside environment. There are also a number of specific features of the social system of Tajik students studying at universities of the Russian Federation, namely as a social system. The application of a systematic approach, as well as the principles and concepts of management theory, makes it possible not only to formalize the very concept of the target asset (the social system of Tajik students studying in the Russian Federation), but also to describe its management system. Modeling of the target asset based on a set-theoretic approach was carried out for such difficult-to-formalize characteristics as personal data of Tajik students, data on their educational process, data on employment and obtaining additional professional skills, social and everyday nature data. For this purpose Boolean and linguistic variables are used in the work inter alia. The results obtained in the work of modeling the target asset (the social system of Tajik students studying in the Russian Federation) will subsequently describe not only the process of TS management, but also the specifics of monitoring the achievement of targets for the simulated management system.
Evaluation of the use of prepaid water meter on some irrigation management performance indicators: A case study
Authors: AYDIN Mevlüt , YILDIRIM Mehmet Uğur , FAYRAP Aynur , ÖZDAL Hakan
Published: December 2021

Volume based pricing in irrigation is an important application method in solving excessive and illegal water use problems. It is essential to use a properly selected water meter to accurately measure the amount of water. In this study, the irrigation system performance of Kayack Water User Association (WUA) was comparatively analyzed for the years 2012 to 2017. The prepaid water meter has been used for water measurement in Kayacık irrigation scheme since 2015. While it could be irrigated on 11.754 ha in 2012, the irrigated area reached 19.528 ha in 2017. It was determined that there was a significant water saving and economic recovery after the installation of prepaid water meters in the irrigation scheme. The quantity of water, which was 7,414 m3ha-1 in 2012, decreased to 3,617 m3ha-1 in 2017. The cost recovery ratios were 76% and 107% in 2013 and 2017, respectively. Consequently, prepaid water meter usage provides so many advantages in service delivery, economics and productivity. In addition, the quantity of water discharged into the drainage canal has significantly decreased. It is recommended that prepaid water meter usage should be prevalence in irrigation operation.
Listening Ears or Reading Eyes: A Meta-Analysis of Reading and Listening Comprehension Comparisons
Authors: Clinton-Lisell Virginia
Published: December 2021

In this study, a meta-analysis of reading and listening comprehension comparisons across age groups was conducted. Based on robust variance estimation (46 studies; N = 4,687), the overall difference between reading and listening comprehension was not reliably different (g = 0.07, p = .23). Reading was beneficial over listening when the reading condition was self-paced (g = 0.13, p = .049) rather than experimenter-paced (g = −0.32, p = .16). Reading also had a benefit when inferential and general comprehension rather than literal comprehension was assessed (g = 0.36, p = .02; g = .15, p = .05; g = −0.01, p = .93, respectively). There was some indication that reading and listening were more similar in languages with transparent orthographies than opaque orthographies (g = 0.001, p = .99; g = 0.10, p = .19, respectively). The findings may be used to inform theories of comprehension about modality influences in that both lower-level skill and affordances vary comparisons of reading and listening comprehension. Moreover, the findings may guide choices of modality; however, both audio and written options are needed for accessible instruction.
Development of a Tool for Team Formation in Engineering Education
Authors: MBURASEK Daniel , MUSIMBI Odon
Published: December 2021

Efficient team formation presents challenges both for the industry and the academia, especially among first year students. In academia, the difficulty is due to a lack of familiarity between instructors and new students at the beginning of each semester while in the industry, the issue is the incomplete picture of new employee’s personality by the supervisors. The quality of the team greatly affects both the team member experience as well as the outcome of assigned projects. There is a strong need to create a tool or a program that allows instructors and supervisors to create effective teams with evenly distributed skills amongst the teams in a timely fashion. Studies show that the balance of skills, rather than the presence of highly skilled individuals, leads to successful teams. The ultimate goal is to create a tool that will give teams the opportunity to operate at their maximum potential.
This paper focuses on the creation of teams for first year students of engineering. The outcome is based on the results of a project assigned to a team of second year engineering students. The choice of second year students was dictated by the need to have students who had already experienced the adverse effects of malfunctioning teams during their previous projects. The goal of the project was to design a software and user interface for a tool that instructors could use to create optimal project teams in an efficient manner.
Expression of cancer stem cell markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH in a primary tumor before and after platinum-containing chemotherapy in ovarian cancer
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Institution of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Gening S.O. , Antoneeva I.I. ,   Ulyanovsk State University, Institution of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk, Russia,   Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Abakumova T.V. ,   Ulyanovsk State University, Institution of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Gening T.P. ,   Ulyanovsk State University, Institution of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Slesareva E.V. ,   Ulyanovsk State University, Institution of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Culture, Ulyanovsk, Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by an unfavorable clinical course. Difficulties in the treatment of OC can be due to intratumoral heterogeneity, which includes the presence of stem cells. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of stem markers in the tissue of primary OC before and during chemotherapy of OC in association with the clinical features of the disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective study evaluated tissue samples of the primary tumors of patients (n=28) with stages I–IV epithelial OC obtained before or after 3 courses of chemotherapy. The expression of ALDH, CD44, and CD133 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results. In samples of high-grade serous adenocarcinoma, the percentages of cells expressing ALDH (p=0.008), CD44 (p=0.026), and CD133 (p=0.059) were lower than in other subtypes. Tissue samples obtained before treatment showed a higher percentage of cells expressing CD44 (p=0.053) than the ones obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There was a tendency towards higher expression of CD44 (p=0.056) and ALDH (p=0.074) in stages I–II tumors when compared to that in stages III–IV. In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, patients with clinically platinum-sensitive tumors had a higher percentage of CD44+ cells than those with non-platinum-sensitive ones (p=0.038). The number of tumor cells expressing ALDH rose with the increase in CD44+ cells number (R2=0.280, p=0.005). We found a positive correlation between the numbers of CD44+ and CD133+ cells in the tumor parenchyma (r=0.408, p=0.031). Conclusion. Cancer stem cell markers are co-expressed in primary tumor tissue in OC. The expression of stem markers differs depending on the histological subtype and the presence of prior exposure to chemotherapy. Keywords: tumor stem cells, ovarian cancer, chemotherapy, CD44, CD133, ALDH, immunohistochemistry
Cross-border Polish-Belarusian Language Contacts Based on Field Research Materials
Authors:   Institute of the Polish Language, Polish Academy of Sciences, Konczewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The paper presents language contacts in the Polish-Belarusian border area based on the intermediate results of field research in a poorly studied locus conducted in 2015-2019. Uneven processes of settlement of this territory, historical events and political circumstances influenced the formation in the studied area complicated socio-linguistic situation. Currently, representatives of different nationalities and faiths live in here, as well as have been preserved settlements of small-land gentry (szlachta). The author of the paper characterizes the sociolinguistic situation of the studied locus, presents its language codes and gives examples of dialect texts.
Motivational Aspect on the Maps of “Lexical Atlas of the Russian National Dialects”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Shalaeva Tatiana V.
Published: December 2021

The paper describes motivational maps of “Lexical Atlas of the Russian National Dialects” using one of them as an example. This map (it is presented in two parts) includes motivational attributes of the names for sparrow and is based on the Atlas materials. The maps of this type enable to show differences in frequency and quantity of words in which the concrete attribute is used. Also they demonstrate their geographical localization. And apart from this their analysis makes possible to clarify the inner form of some words and as a result to define their position in a given lexical group.
Putri Ajusti Zalmi (19016186) Esai Metlit Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Zalmi Putri Ajusti
Published: December 2021

Lingkungan memiliki pengaruh terhadap diri seseorang, terutama dalam penggunaan bahasa. Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang diperoleh manusia sejak lahir. Pemakaian bahasa berkaitan erat dengan hubungan sosial antarpenutur di tengah-tengah pembelajaran bahasa. Proses pembelajaran adalah proses interaksi peserta didik dan sumber belajar pada suatu lingkungan belajar.
FINAL PERBAIKAN EKONOMI MIKRO
Authors: Astuti Sri
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem pengendalian inflasi dalam ekonomi Islam, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif dari hasil studi kepustakaan (library research) literatur-literatur tertulis. Ekonomi Islam sebagai sistem perekonomian mempunyai cara dan strategi tersendiri dalam menekan inflasi yang jauh berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi lainnya. Ekonomi Islam menyetujui kebijakan moneter dan fiskal sebagai bagian dan upaya menekan inflasi. Akan tetapi untuk mencapai norma keadilan sosioekonomi perlu ada upaya untuk menjaga stabilitas harga, melalui strategi perbaikan moral, distribusi pendapatan dan kekayaan yang merata, serta penghapusan riba.
ANALYSIS OF MIXED INDONESIAN LANGUAGE WITH OTHER LANGUAGES ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Rizkyna Pricillia Catur , Nisa Merlina Dewi Khaerun , Aulia Andini Nur , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2021

Indonesian is a national and unity language for Indonesian people. Every day, Indonesian people use Indonesian as the primary language to communicate with others. In this era of digitalization, the use of the Indonesian language on social media is inseparable. In social media language style, everyone has their way. One of them is using the language mixture while communicating on social media. Indonesian people often mix the Indonesian language with other languages such as local language and foreign language. Based on this situation, this research aims to provide facts and analyze the use of language mixture between the Indonesian language and other languages on social media. The method research is descriptive qualitative with observation through 5 social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, Twitter, and Youtube. The results of this research are 50 data from 5 social media platforms that mixed the Indonesian language with other languages. This research has limitations that are, the data observation-only observed 5 social media platforms and got only 50 data of mixed-language.
Hubungan Lingkungan dengan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Aliyah Nurul
Published: December 2021

Lingkungan memiliki peran penting dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. materi yang ramah lingkungan dapat membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan dan minat serta dapat menumbuhkan semangat belajar bahasa Indonesia. materi lingkungan juga dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami materi bahasa Indonesia dengan baik, menambah wawasan, dan dapat membangun kecerdasan linguistik siswa.
Pentingnya Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Marzulianis
Published: December 2021

Materi lingkungan sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Materi lingkungan dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memamahami materi bahasa Indonesia dengan baik.
Ethical Representation of Speech while Communicating in the Short Film “Pemean”
Authors: Indrayana Fahma , Rohmah Yuliatu , Razilda Shalsabila Bayu , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes the ethics of one of the characters in the film "Pemean" through the speech and language he uses based on sociolinguistic studies. Background: this research departs from ethical problems in the use of speech used by the community when communicating in terms of the dialogues in the conversation of the film "Pemean". Objective: This study aims to provide understanding and skills in the use of speech and ethics that can be implemented properly in everyday life. Question: The question of this research is what is the relationship between speech and language through conversation used by the characters in the short film “Pemean”, which is based on people's reactions. Method: In this study, the researcher uses a qualitative method with a descriptive narrative approach, where the researcher analyzes the short film "Pemean" from the language side of the character's dialogue and relates the dialogue to the prevailing ethics in Indonesia, especially in the Java based on the results of questionnaires and interviews. Respondents are Javanese people aged between 15-30 years and understand the context of conversation and language use in the short film "Pemean". Research data: results of questionnaires and interviews as well as dialogues of the characters in the film "Pemean". Results: the analysis of this study resulted, 1) A person's speech reflects that person's behavior; 2) Most people choose to remain silent or ignore them when they find a figure like Mbak Sum's character. Recommendation: for further research, we hope that researchers can find out how a person's speech can reflect his behavior and the reason why people prefer silence in dealing with someone like Mbak Sum. Limitation: on the relationship between a person's speech and language with his behavior and attitudes taken by society in responding to similar problems as in the movie.
Pentingnya Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: December 2021

Materi lingkungan sangat penting untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Materi lingkungan dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memamahami materi bahasa Indonesia dengan baik.
Covid-19, Rural Poverty, and Women’s Role in Decision-Making: Evidence from Khatlon Province in Tajikistan
Authors: Akramov Kamiljon , Carrillo Lucia , Kosec Katrina
Published: December 2021

The covid-19 pandemic has had devastating effects globally; it has caused health crises and economic recessions, leading unemployment to spike and disrupting food systems and supply chains. In the heavily remittance-dependent context of Tajikistan, however, migration has continued – and appears to have become increasingly dominated by men. In this context, what has happened to women’s perceptions of economic prospects, as well as the well-being of their households? How has women’s involvement in decision-making evolved? And to what extent do out-migration or in-migration of household members predict changes in women’s decision-making power? We consider these questions using a September – October 2020 phone survey deployed in Khatlon province, Tajikistan that successfully tracked 87% of households that had been surveyed in person in 2018. We find that both genders have similar expectations for their agricultural production (harvests), but women are slightly more likely to identify concerns with rising prices and a lack of access to financial services. Overall, we find little in the way of evidence that women’s involvement in intra-household decision-making declined as a result of the pandemic—though this is from a low base. However, we find that women are less likely than are men to report improvements in women’s decision-making authority. Further, we find that out-migration of household members, which is dominated by men, is associated with improvements in women’s decision-making power, particularly with respect to decisions about how to spend household income. Overall, our results point to the need for additional analyses of the gendered impacts of shocks on women in the Central Asia region.
The Relationship of Indonesian Language Learning with the Environment
Authors: Sari Ayu Permata
Published: December 2021

Environmental problems are not new, such as pollution, climate change, depletion of natural resources, waste disposal, deforestation, depletion of the ozone layer, and acid rain. If this problem is not immediately addressed, the sustainability of human life on earth will be worrying. These problems can be overcome with environmental education. Awareness of the importance of the environment needs to be increased. Teachers as educators have an important role in teaching environmental education and raise awareness of students about the importance of the environment.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Sari Ayu Permata
Published: December 2021

Masalah lingkungan bukan sebuah hal yang baru, seperti polusi, perubahan iklim, menipisnya sumber daya alam, pembuangan limbah, penggundulan hutan, menipisnya lapisan ozon, dan hujan asam. Jika masalah ini tidak segera di atasi, keberlangsungan kehidupan manusia di bumi akan mengkhawatirkan. Masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pendidikan lingkungan. Kesadaran akan pentingnya lingkungan perlu ditingkatkan. Guru sebagai pendidik memiliki peran yang penting dalam mengajarkan pendidikan lingkungan dan menumbuhkan kesadaran peserta didik tentang pentingnya lingkungan.
Putri Ajusti Zalmi (19016186) Esai Metlit Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Zalmi Putri Ajusti
Published: December 2021

The environment has an influence on a person, especially in the use of language. Language is a means of communication acquired by humans from birth. The use of language is closely related to social relations between speakers in the midst of language learning. The learning process is a process of interaction between students and learning resources in a learning environment.
Peran Penting Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Mutia
Published: December 2021

Peran Penting Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia (The important role of the environment in learning indonesian)
WATTPAD AS A MEDIA FOR MODERN LITERATURE IN AXIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE.
Authors: RAMADHINA ALISYAH PUTRI , Setiyowati Diyah , Syahbani Krisnayanti Nur , Damayanti Febrinda Setyo , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: December 2021

In the 21st century, the existence of the digital world continues to experience modernity, especially in changes to literacy with digital media through the Wattpad application. Wattpad is an online reading and writing platform with the essence for the value of goodness and beauty that can be viewed from the aesthetics of axiology. This study aims to explore the role of Wattpad in the world of modern literature and its relevance to ethical and aesthetic perspectives in axiology. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting interviews with ten students from the Wattpad application and reviewing literature with references to databases, journals, and articles from other relevant researchers. The results show that Wattpad acts as a forum for reading millions of stories from all kinds of writers. And according to ethical and aesthetic values in axiology, it also acts as a medium to write stories with beauty for the common good. The researcher suggests that Wattpad can be installed by all teenagers and used to understand the importance of literacy and have the ability to analyze beauty in a literary work. This research only focuses on the Wattpad platform as a medium to support literacy and the limited number of respondents.
Individual Deep Fake Recognition Skills are Affected by Viewers’ Political Orientation, Agreement with Content and Device Used
Authors: Sütterlin Stefan , Ask Torvald F. , Mägerle Sophia , Glöckler Sandra , Wolf Leandra , Schray Julian , Chandi Alaya , Bursac Teodora , Khodabakhsh Ali , Knox Benjamin J. , Canham Matthew , Lugo Ricardo
Published: December 2021

AI-generated “deep fakes” are becoming increasingly professional and can be expected to become an essential tool for cybercriminals conducting targeted and tailored social engineering attacks, as well as for others aiming for influencing public opinion in a more general sense. While the technological arms race is resulting in increasingly efficient forensic detection tools, these are unlikely to be in place and applied by common users on an everyday basis any time soon, especially if social engineering attacks are camouflaged as unsuspicious conversations. To date, most cybercriminals do not yet have the necessary resources, competencies or the required raw material featuring the target to produce perfect impersonifications. To raise awareness and efficiently train individuals in recognizing the most widespread deep fakes, the understanding of what may cause individual differences in the ability to recognize them can be central. Previous research suggested a close relationship between political attitudes and top-down perceptual and subsequent cognitive processing styles. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of political attitudes and agreement with the political message content on the individual’s deep fake recognition skills.In this study, 163 adults (72 females = 44.2%) judged a series of video clips with politicians’ statements across the political spectrum regarding their authenticity and their agreement with the message that was transported. Half of the presented videos were fabricated via lip-sync technology. In addition to the particular agreement to each statement made, more global political attitudes towards social and economic topics were assessed via the Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (SECS).Data analysis revealed robust negative associations between participants’ general and in particular social conservatism and their ability to recognize fabricated videos. This effect was pronounced where there was a specific agreement with the message content. Deep fakes watched on mobile phones and tablets were considerably less likely to be recognized as such compared to when watched on stationary computers.To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate and establish the association between political attitudes and interindividual differences in deep fake recognition. The study further supports very recently published research suggesting relationships between conservatism and perceived credibility of conspiracy theories and fake news in general. Implications for further research on psychological mechanisms underlying this effect are discussed.
2PL Model: Compare Generalized Linear Mixed Model with Latent Variable Model based IRT framework
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Ackerman Terry , Wang Yurou
Published: December 2021

Fitting item response theory (IRT) models using the generalized mixed logistic regression model (GLMM) has become more popular in large-scale assessment because GLMM allows combining complicated multilevel structures (i.e., students are nested in classrooms which are nested in schools) with IRT measurement models. However, the estimation accuracy of item parameters between these two models is not well examined. This study aimed to compare the estimation results of the GLMM based 2PL model (using the PLmixed R package) with the traditional IRT model (using flexMIRT software) under different sample sizes (N= 500, 1000, 5000) and test length (J = 15, 21) conditions. The simulation results showed that for both the GLMM-based method and the traditional method, item threshold estimates had lower bias than item discrimination parameters. We also found that according to the simulation study, GLMM estimates via PLmixed had lower accuracy than traditional IRT modeling via flexMIRT for items with high discrimination.
Cultural similarities and specificities of finger counting and montring: evidence from Amazon Tsimane’ people
Authors: Cipora Krzysztof , Gashaj Venera , Gridley Annabel , Soltanlou Mojtaba , Nuerk Hans-Christoph
Published: December 2021

Numerical Cognition might be embodied, that is, grounded in bodily actions. This claim is supported by the observation that, potentially due to our shared biology, finger counting is prevalent among a variety of cultures. Differences in finger counting are apparent even within Western cultures. Relatively few indigenous cultures have been systematically analyzed in terms of traditional finger counting and montring (i.e., communicating numbers with fingers) routines. Even fewer studies used the same protocols across cultures, allowing for a systematic comparison of indigenous and Western finger counting routines. We analyze the finger counting and montring routines of Tsimane’ (N = 121), an indiginous people living in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest, depending on handedness, education level, and exposure to mainstream, industrialised Bolivian culture. Tsimane' routines are compared with those of German and British participants. Tsimane’ reveal a greater variation in finger counting and montring routines, which seems to be modified by their education level. We outline a framework on how different factors such as handedness and reading direction might affect cross-cultural and within-cultural variation in finger counting.
Foresight for income and employment: What can we learn for agricultural research for development
Authors: Kruseman Gideon , Dermawan Ahmad , Diagne Mandiaye , Enahoro Dolapo , Frija Aymen , Gatto Marcel , Gbegbelegbe Sika , Komarek Adam M. , Mausch Kai , Mottaleb Khondoker , Nedumaran Swamikannu , Tesfaye Kindie , Valera Harold Glenn
Published: December 2021

Challenges related to poverty, hunger, nutrition, health, and the environment are widespread and urgent. One way to stress the urgency of making the right decisions about the future of the global food systems now is to better understand and more clearly articulate the alternative scenarios that food systems face. Developing, synthesizing, and presenting such alternatives to decision makers in a clear way is the ultimate goal of e CGIAR Foresight team.No single source of information focuses regularly and systematically on the future of food and agriculture, and challenges facing developing countries. Our work aims to fill that gap with a focus on agricultural income and employment.group systematically collects information about past, on-going and planned foresight activities across CGIAR centers and their partners, spanning the global agricultural research for development arenaWe present a comprehensive overview and synthesis of the results of relevant foresight research, which through the tagging with metadata allows for customized investigations in greater detail. The cross-cutting nature of this work allows for a more comprehensive picture and assessments of possible complementarities/trade-offs.Potential users of this report and associated activities include CGIAR science leaders and scientists as well as the broader research community, national and international development partners, national governments and research organizations, funders, and the private sector.The approach developed by the CGIAR foresight group is used to make foresight study results accessible across organizations and domains in order to aid policy and decision makers for strategic planning. The approach allows visualization of both the available information across multiple entry points as well as the identification of critical knowledge gaps.
Understanding Citrus Greening Disease and Its Possible Management Strategies in Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Sameer , Pandey Swikriti , Ghimire Ashish , Kandel Savyata
Published: December 2021

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus that has decimated several citrus orchards throughout the world. The disease is associated with three species of unculturable and phloem-limited bacteriae, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus. The most common species of bacteria found in Nepal is Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus which is transmitted by an insect vector, Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). This disease has been detected in several economically important citrus production areas of Nepal, which resulted in heavy yield loss. No cure for the disease has been discovered yet and it is essential to practice proper management strategies to maintain citrus health and sustain citrus production under HLB pressure. Several disease management approaches such as pathogen-free nursery establishment, use of disease tolerant rootstock cultivars, proper irrigation and nutrient supply, removal of HLB affected trees, and control of psyllid with frequent insecticide application are widely practiced throughout the world. This review article highlights the characteristics of the citrus greening disease and its insect vector and gives insights into their management techniques. Several technologically advanced options available to minimize the HLB infection might not be feasible currently in Nepal due to economic and topographic constraints. This article also aims to bring into focus the cost-effective methods that growers in Nepal can practice to mitigate the impact of HLB disease in their citrus orchards.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(4): 227-238.
La concettualizzazione del verbo ‘mettere’ in italiano
Authors: Paliczuk Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The conceptualization of space is manifested in language through diverse linguistic structures. Space, one of the most significant analytical categories not only in linguistics, introduces a variety of senses and conceptual relations in the construction of communicative meaning. While there are several approaches to linguistic studies, the most obvious choice for this type of analysis seems to be Cognitive Linguistics, with some of its theoretical currents and the Cognitive Grammar of Ronald W. Langacker (1987, 1991a, 1991b, 1995, 2008) in particular. In his works, Langacker often refers to spatial and visual relationships that provide useful illustrations to depict different conceptual structures and relationships. Indeed, the relations between visual perception and conceptualization concerns numerous aspects of the semantics of natural language (E. Tabakowska, 1999: 59). The paper aims to analyse the concept of the Italian verb ‘mettere’ (‘to put’), apparently simple and yet, as it will be shown, rich and varied in meaning.
Structures lexico-syntaxiques fondées sur le verbe viser dans l’écrit scientifique. Analyse contrastive franco-polonaise
Authors: Gabrysiak Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The paper offers an analysis of lexical-syntactic structures based on the verb form viser typical of a scientific text, that is a text that follows quite a stable and rigid structure. A corpus-based analysis, achieved through the use of the Scientext corpora, runs across two dimensions. The first dimension is constituted by the subject matter of the text while the other dimension concerns the relation between the author of the text and the recipient. The analysis presented is a two-stage process. At the first stage, lexical-syntactic structures are singled out. The second stage is to assign those structures to the particular parts of the text, such as Introduction, Main body, Conclusion.
Metoda unilateralna w prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym. Uwagi na marginesie orzeczenia TSUE w sprawie C-135/15 Republika Grecji przeciwko Grigoriosowi Nikiforidisowi
Authors: Zachariasiewicz Maria-Anna
Published: December 2021

The article confronts the unilateral and multilateral methods in private international law. The author first identifies the basic differences between the two. She then moves to describe the instruments and concepts resulting from the unilateral method: the theories of the Statutists in the period between 12th to 19th centuries, the solutions offered by the so called new American school, the method of recognition of private situations crystallized in a foreign legal system,  the rules governing the spatial scope of the EU provisions, including the regulations and the directives, and finally the paradigm of the overriding mandatory rules.

The second part of the paper provides a comment to the Nikiforidis case. The author makes a number of critical remarks with respect to the restrictive and rigid interpretation of Article 9(3) adopted by the CJEU. The argument is made that the more flexible and functional approach proposed by the Attorney General Maciej Szpunar in his Opinion should be preferred. Finally, the author makes her own proposition regarding the Nikiforidis case. She advocates a unilateral methodology that rejects the distinction between the overriding mandatory rules of the legis fori, legis causae and these of a third country.
Some Boethian Themes in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings
Authors: Wicher Andrzej
Published: December 2021

There appear to be quite a few parallels between Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings and Boethius’s The Consolation of Philosophy (Consolatio Philosophiae), and they seem to concern particularly, though not only, the character drawing in Tolkien’s book. Those parallels are preeminently connected with the fact that both Boethius and Tolkien like to think of the most extreme situations that can befall a human. And both are attached to the idea of not giving in to despair, and of finding a source of hope in seemingly desperate straits. The idea that there is some link between Boethius and Tolkien is naturally not new. T.A. Shippey talks about it in his The Road to Middle Earth, but he concentrates on the Boethian conception of good and evil, which is also of course an important matter, but surely not the only one that links Tolkien and Boethius. On the other hand, it is not my intention to claim that there is something in Tolkien’s book of which it can be said that it would have been absolutely impossible without Boethius. Still, I think it may be supposed that just like Boethian motifs are natural in the medieval literature of the West, so they can be thought of as natural in the work of such dedicated a medievalist as J.R.R. Tolkien.
Wstęp
Authors: Jaskółowa Ewa , Dobrotová Ivana
Published: December 2021

We Wstępie przedstawiono ogólny zarys założeń i celów realizowanych w zamieszczonych artykułach „Z Teorii i Praktyki Dydaktycznej Języka Polskiego”. Zwrócono uwagę na ważność edukacji humanistycznej w obliczu zagrożeń współczesnego świata. Podkreślono konieczność spojrzenia na zagadnienia społeczne z perspektywy nowej humanistyki, czyli takiej, która oświetla problemy związane z życiem wszystkich istot naszej planety, humanistyki pokazującej człowieka odpowiedzialnego za harmonijny i bezpieczny rozwój wszystkich bytów, a także rezygnującego z jakiejkolwiek dominacji nad kim-/czymkolwiek czy kolonizacji kogo-/czegokolwiek.
Centurionowie Cezara: elita legionów czy kreacja literacka?
Authors: Faszcza Michał Norbert
Published: December 2021

Jedną z charakterystycznych cech narracji Cezara poświęconej toczonym przez niego wojnom jest eksponowanie zasług centurionów. Rodzi to pytanie, z jakiego powodu promował akurat tę kategorię żołnierzy i czy w świetle analizy źródłowej ich dokonania bojowe mogą zostać uznane za wiarygodne. Autor podjął próbę zestawienia informacji zawartych w zachowanych przekazach, starając się nie tylko znaleźć potwierdzenie opisów Cezara w kontekście wzrostu znaczenia centurionów w I wieku przed Chr., lecz także uzyskać odpowiedź dotyczącą możliwego powodu zastosowania tego typu zabiegu literackiego. Centurionowie uchodzą za prawdziwy symbol cezariańskiej armii, dlatego temat ten ma istotne znaczenie z punktu widzenia rekonstrukcji stosunków wewnętrznych panujących w legionach ówczesnego prokonsula.
Kilka uwag o postawie stronników Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w województwie lubelskim na sejmach i sejmikach okresu bezkrólewia i wojny o tron polski 1733—1734
Authors: Lisek Adam
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono aktywność na sejmach i sejmikach szlachty województwa lubelskiego opowiadającej się po stronie Stanisława Leszczyńskiego. Badany okres obejmuje czas przedostatniego bezkrólewia oraz wojny o tron polski. Przeanalizowano proces zawiązania się w województwie lubelskim partykularnej konfederacji w obronie króla Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w grudniu 1733 roku oraz udział przedstawicieli szlachty lubelskiej w zjeździe dzikowskim.
Bitwa pod Sarbinowem (1758) w świetle listów oficerów rosyjskich: nowa publikacja o rosyjskiej armii doby wojny siedmioletniej [Rec. Denis Anatol’evič Sdvižkov, Pis’ma s Prusskoj vojny. Lûdi Rossijsko-imperatorskoj armii v 1758 godu, Moskva 2019]
Authors: Grygiencza Dymitr
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem recenzji jest książka Denisa Sdvižkova poświęcona rosyjskiej armii w bitwie pod Sarbinowem (1758) w czasie wojny siedmioletniej. Analizując prywatne listy rosyjskich oficerów w antropologicznej perspektywie i umieszczając je w szerokim kontekście kulturowym, autor proponuje nowe spojrzenie na tę słynną batalię — oddając głos stronie, która dotychczas pozostawała milcząca.
Kinesisk yoga? Sinificering af yoga-begrebet i sinologiske, terapeutiske og nyreligiøse sammenhænge
Authors: Thykier Makeeff Tao
Published: December 2021

This article provides a conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte) of the use of the word yoga in the context of both scientific, therapeutic, and religious approaches to Chinese cultural history, with a focus on somatic practices commonly associated with Daoist traditions. Under the heading Chinese yoga, the author investigates how historical practices such as neidan, daoyin, kaimen, zhanzhuang, gusha, fangzhongshu as well as new therapeutic innovations are referred to as types of yoga such as Taoist yoga, meridian yoga, yin yoga, and sexual yoga. The article traces the origins of variations of the concept of Chinese yoga to the 1920s and 1930s in publications by Richard Wilhelm and C. G. Jung, Cary F. Baynes, and Arthur Waley, follows its reception in the hippie milieu of the 1960s and 1970s, and demonstrates how references to various forms of Chinese yoga have been, and are still being used in both academic research, and therapeutic and new religious milieus.
Intercultural Communicative Competence Levels of Indonesian EFL Students: A Preliminary Study in a Higher Education Contex
Authors: Tambunan Anna Riana Suryanti , Lubis Fauziah Khairani , Andayani Widya , Sari Winda Setia
Published: December 2021

The lack of intercultural communication skills will likely cause disharmony, misunderstanding, and even conflict in communication. To be successful in communication with native speakers depends on language skills, customs, and cultural knowledge. In the age of global communication, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching goals should be reoriented to cultivate intercultural communication competence (ICC). EFL learners should have this intercultural competence and be sensitive in order to avoid disharmony, misunderstandings, and even conflicts in communication. The main objective of this preliminary study is to reveal the levels of intercultural communicative competence among EFL students at a state university in Indonesia. A survey questionnaire was performed employing a quantitative analysis in this study. Eighty-nine students filled out the ICC questionnaire, which consisted of 20 questions. Findings indicated that most of the students had a low ICC level because they are lack of experience and knowledge in interacting and socializing with people from various cultural backgrounds. In terms of gender differences, the results showed that male students had higher levels of ICC than that female students. This research implied that intercultural topics should be included in the university’s curriculum.
Docking Study of Naringin Binding with COVID-19 Main Protease Enzyme
Authors: Amin Huseen Narmin H.
Published: December 2021

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a human pathogen caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was first reported from Wuhan, China, on 31 December 2019. Upon study, it has been used molecular docking to binding affinity between COVID-19 protease enzyme and flavonoids with evaluations based on docking scores calculated by AutoDock Vina. Results showed that naringin suppressed COVID-19 protease, as it has the highest binding value than other flavonoids including quercetin, hesperetin, garcina and naringenin. An important finding in this study is that naringin with neighboring poly hydroxyl groups can serve as inhibitors of COVID-19 protease bind to the S pocket of protein, it is shown that residues His163, Glu166, Asn142, His41and PHe181 participate in the hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions, the same as happened with decahydroisoquinolin as a novel scaffold for SARS 3CL protease inhibitors.In other hand, some of the known protease inhibitors and anti-influenza drugs docked with COVID-19 protease, it has low binding value than naringin
Levothyroxine Therapy Adequacy, Dose Estimation and Vitamin D Effect Assessment in a Sample of Iraqi Female Patients with Different Causes of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Al-Shimmran Ban A. , M. Anwer Zinah , H. Al-Jarrah Bassam
Published: December 2021

Exogenous levothyroxine dose modulation and euthyroidism achievement is a persistent challenge in clinical settings. This study strives to assess the adequacy of treatment and identify the patients’ factors that can be used to estimate the euthyroid levothyroxine dose. A secondary objective was to assess vitamin D supplementation impact on thyroid status.

A review of a prospectively collected information from 142 female patients from Baghdad Center of Nuclear Medicine from June 2019 until March 2020 who were receiving levothyroxine for different causes was done. After a follow-up period, the patients’ thyroid tests were assessed and the euthyroid doses for each cause category were statistically analyzed. Thyroid function was assessed before and after three months of vitamin D supplementation for 29 out of 50 patients who measured its level.

Sixty-six patients (47%) of the sample were inadequately replaced
Turmeric and Ginger as Health Protective Food Sources - An Integrative Review
Authors: P.A.L. Jayathilake  , M. A. Jayasinghe  , J. Walpita  , K.P.R.I. Dilani
Published: December 2021

Most of the medicinal plants utilized in traditional medicine are spices. Majority of those spices are widely used for aroma, flavour and colour in cuisine though they behave as appetizers, digestives, preventives and aphrodisiacs. Their antimicrobial properties are in a broad spectrum that provides a considerable immunity development within the human body. This review summarizes the beneficial characteristics of major active constituents in turmeric and ginger and their presumed pharmacological potential to safeguard human health.Keywords: Turmeric, Ginger, Curcumin, Human health, Active Ingredients, Nanotechnology
«Alliance of Psychology, Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy. Science and the real world in the treatment of mental disorders»
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2021

Resolution of the conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of B.D. Karvasarsky.