bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging health data platforms: From individual control to collective data governance
Authors: Kariotis Timothy , Ball Mad Price , Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Dennis Simon , Sahama Tony , Johnston Carolyn , Almond Helen , Borda Ann
Published: September 2020

Health data have enormous potential to transform healthcare, health service design, research, and individual health management. However, health data collected by institutions tend to remain siloed within those institutions limiting access by other services, individuals or researchers. Further, health data generated outside health services (e.g., from wearable devices) may not be easily accessible or useable by individuals or connected to other parts of the health system. There are ongoing tensions between data protection and the use of data for the public good (e.g., research). Concurrently, there are a number of data platforms that provide ways to disrupt these traditional health data siloes, giving greater control to individuals and communities. Through four case studies, this paper explores platforms providing new ways for health data to be used for personal data sharing, self-health management, research, and clinical care. The case-studies include data platforms: PatientsLikeMe, Open Humans, Health Record Banks, and unforgettable.me. These are explored with regard to what they mean for data access, data control, and data governance. The case studies provide insight into a shift from institutional to individual data stewardship. Looking at emerging data governance models, such as data trusts and data commons, points to collective control over health data as an emerging approach to issues of data control. These shifts pose challenges as to how “traditional” health services make use of data collected on these platforms. Further, it raises broader policy questions regarding how to decide what public good data should be put towards.
Medical Emergencies Requiring First Aid at Home: A Population-Based Survey Study
Authors: Al Hasan Dalal , Monger Eloise , Brightwell Richard
Published: September 2020

Background:

Most medical emergencies requiring first-aid occur at home. Little is known about the prevalence of these medical emergencies.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to describe medical emergencies occurring at people’s homes requiring first aid; characteristics, burdens and impact on functional outcome, and to address the national public knowledge and practice of first aid.

Method:

A confidential, cross-sectional survey, primarily based on the 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) and American Red Cross first aid guidelines, was conducted among adults (>18 years) from 12 educational centers, under the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic affairs, State of Kuwait.

Results:

A total of 3000 self-administered questionnaires were distributed from September 16 2019 to November 30, 2019. The response rate was 34% (n = 1033 participants) of which 1% (n = 11) were partially answered questionnaires leaving 1022 questionnaires for valid statistical analysis. The prevalence of medical emergencies was 118.5 out of 100000 per year and the level of public knowledge was 19%. Medical emergencies were more likely to occur in Hawali province (49%, n = 149), women were more likely to encounter medical emergencies (78%, n = 238). Victims above 18 years of age were more likely to experience hypoglycemia (39%, n = 55) and children were more likely to suffer from hypoglycemia (19%, n = 22) or burns (17%, n = 20). Compliance with First aid guidelines was seen in hypoglycemia (31%, n = 44) but lacking in burn incidents (44%, n = 15). Participants called the ambulance in seizures (50%, n = 13), with 62% of medical emergencies requiring attendance at a health-care facility and 29% requiring hospital admission. Of the victims, 15% missed school or a day of work, and 25% had impaired functional outcomes.

Conclusion:

Medical emergencies occurring at home are relatively common in Kuwait, and public training on first aid is low. Kuwait has unique medical emergencies, with hypoglycemia, seizures and burns being the most frequent emergencies that occur at home. These emergencies cause a burden on the health-care system with a quarter of them having negative impact on the victim’s functional outcome.
A Global Legal Instrument for Alcohol Control: Options, Prospects and Challenges
Authors: BURCI Gian Luca
Published: September 2020

Alcohol is the sole major psychoactive substance with a huge negative public health and social impact without some form of international control grounded in a binding treaty. While existing rules of international law, in particular in the economic field, favour liberalisation and may hinder strong national alcohol control measures, we may be witnessing a turning of the tide due to the growing mobilisation against non-communicable diseases. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has been a ground-breaking development in this sense, and has led policymakers and advocates in a number of countries to raise the possibility of a similar convention on alcohol control. The present contribution compares tobacco and alcohol from this perspective and considers the feasibility of a dedicated international convention. It concludes that the political prospects of a movement in this direction are very dim at the present time; however, policy developments on other health problems and theoretical models emerging from constructivist international relations scholarship may open up promising perspectives for considering normative and institutional approaches that could strengthen the existing legal framework and facilitate political processes towards stronger forms of legalisation of global alcohol control.
Evaluating the transferability of empirical models of debris-covered glacier melt
Authors: Winter-Billington A. , Moore R. D. , Dadic R.
Published: September 2020

Supraglacial debris is significant in many regions and complicates modeling of glacier melt, which is required for predicting glacier change and its influences on hydrology and sea-level rise. Temperature-index models are a popular alternative to energy-balance models when forcing data are limited, but their transferability among glaciers and inherent uncertainty have not been documented in application to debris-covered glaciers. Here, melt factors were compiled directly from published studies or computed from reported melt and MERRA-2 air temperature for 27 debris-covered glaciers around the world. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to predict melt factors from debris thickness and variables including debris lithology and MERRA-2 radiative exchange. The models were tested by leave-one-site-out cross-validation based on predicted melt rates. The best model included debris thickness (fixed effect) and glacier and year (random effects). Predictions were more accurate using MERRA-2 than on-site air temperature data, and pooling MERRA-2-derived and reported melt factors improved cross-validation accuracy more than including additional predictors such as shortwave or longwave radiation. At one glacier where monthly ablation was measured over 4 years, seasonal variation of melt factors suggested that heat storage significantly affected the relation between melt and energy exchange at the debris surface.
Phylogenetic and ecomorphologic diversifications of spiriferinid brachiopods after the end-Permian extinction
Authors: Guo Zhen , Chen Zhong-Qiang , Harper David A. T.
Published: September 2020

The Order Spiriferinida spanning the latest Ordovician to Early Jurassic is a small group of brachiopods overshadowed by other taxon-rich clades during the Paleozoic. It diversified significantly after the end-Permian extinction and became one of the four major clades of Triassic brachiopods. However, the phylogeny and recovery dynamics of this clade during the Triassic still remain unknown. Here, we present a higher-level parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of Mesozoic spiriferinids to reveal their evolutionary relationships. Ecologically related characters are analyzed to indicate the variances in ecomorphospace occupation and disparity of spiriferinids through the Permian–Triassic (P-Tr) transition. For comparison with potential competitors of the spiriferinids, the pre-extinction spiriferids are also included in the analysis. Phylogenetic trees demonstrate that about half of the Mesozoic families appeared during the Anisian, indicating the greatest phylogenetic diversification at that time. Triassic spiriferinids reoccupied a large part of the ecomorphospace released by its competitor spiriferids during the end-Permian extinction; they also fully exploited the cyrtiniform region and developed novel lifestyles. Ecomorphologic disparity of the spiriferinids dropped greatly in the Early Triassic, but it rebounded rapidly and reached the level attained by the pre-extinction spiriferids in the Late Triassic. The replacement in ecomorphospace occupation between spiriferids and spiriferinids during the P-Tr transition clearly indicates that the empty ecomorphospace released by the extinction of Permian spiriferids was one of the important drivers for the diversification of the Triassic spiriferinids. The Spiriferinida took over the empty ecomorphospace and had the opportunity to flourish.
The reliability and relative validity of predefined dietary patterns were higher than that of exploratory dietary patterns in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam population
Authors: Jannasch Franziska , Nickel Daniela , Schulze Matthias B.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the FFQ to describe reliable and valid dietary pattern (DP) scores. In a total of 134 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study aged 35–67 years, the FFQ was applied twice (baseline and after 1 year) to assess its reliability. Between November 1995 and March 1997, twelve 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) as reference instrument were applied to assess the validity of the FFQ. Exploratory DP were derived by principal component analyses. Investigated predefined DP were the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and two Mediterranean diet indices. From dietary data of each FFQ, two exploratory DP were retained, but differed in highly loading food groups, resulting in moderate correlations (r 0·45–0·58). The predefined indices showed higher correlations between the FFQ (r(AHEI) 0·62, r(Mediterranean Diet Pyramid Index (MedPyr)) 0·62 and r(traditional Mediterranean Diet Score (tMDS)) 0·51). From 24HDR dietary data, one exploratory DP retained differed in composition to the first FFQ-based DP, but showed similarities to the second DP, reflected by a good correlation (r 0·70). The predefined DP correlated moderately (r 0·40–0·60). To conclude, long-term analyses on exploratory DP should be interpreted with caution, due to only moderate reliability. The validity differed extensively for the two exploratory DP. The investigated predefined DP showed a better reliability and a moderate validity, comparable to other studies. Within the two Mediterranean diet indices, the MedPyr performed better than the tMDs in this middle-aged, semi-urban German study population.
Mediating Sovereignty: The Qing legation in London and its diplomatic representation of China, 1876–1901
Authors: DAY JENNY HUANGFU
Published: September 2020

In 1896, Sir Halliday Macartney, counsellor of the Qing London legation, detained the revolutionary Sun Yat-sen on legation grounds in an attempt to deport him back to China. Since then, the image of the legation as an ossified extension of a despotic government has dominated public imagination. This article proposes a new way of understanding the legation's action: it exemplifies the legal activism of Qing diplomats in recovering judicial sovereignty that had been compromised by the presence of extraterritoriality and colonialism. Legations represented a broad range of interests of China through diplomatic negotiations and legal mediations, and brought unresolved disputes between foreign ministers and the Zongli Yamen in Beijing to the attention of their home governments. This article analyses the mediation and collaboration performed by the London legation between the various levels of the Qing government and the British Foreign Office. It argues that Qing legations and their diplomatic representation abroad were essential to the construction and imagination of China as a sovereign state.
Effects of integrated conservation–development projects on unauthorized resource use in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda: a mixed-methods spatio-temporal approach
Authors: Bernhard Katie P. , Smith Thomas E. L. , Sabuhoro Edwin , Nyandwi Elias , Munanura Ian E.
Published: September 2020

This study supplements spatial panel econometrics techniques with qualitative GIS to analyse spatio-temporal changes in the distribution of integrated conservation–development projects relative to poaching activity and unauthorized resource use in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. Cluster and spatial regression analyses were performed on data from ranger monitoring containing > 35,000 combined observations of illegal activities in Volcanoes National Park, against tourism revenue sharing and conservation NGO funding data for 2006–2015. Results were enriched with qualitative GIS analysis from key informant interviews. We found a statistically significant negative linear effect of overall integrated conservation–development investments on unauthorized resource use in Volcanoes National Park. However, individually, funding from Rwanda's tourism revenue sharing policy did not have an effect in contrast to the significant negative effect of conservation NGO funding. In another contrast between NGO funding and tourism revenue sharing funding, spatial analysis revealed significant gaps in revenue sharing funding relative to the hotspots of illegal activities, but these gaps were not present for NGO funding. Insight from qualitative GIS analysis suggests that incongruity in prioritization by decision makers at least partly explains the differences between the effects of revenue sharing and conservation NGO investment. Although the overall results are encouraging for integrated conservation–development projects, we recommend increased spatial alignment of project funding with clusters of illegal activities, which can make investment decision-making more data-driven and projects more effective for conservation.
Benchmarking health technology assessment agencies—methodological challenges and recommendations
Authors: Wang Ting , Lipska Iga , McAuslane Neil , Liberti Lawrence , Hövels Anke , Leufkens Hubert
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The objectives of the study were to establish a benchmarking tool to collect metrics to enable increased clarity regarding the differences and similarities across health technology assessment (HTA) agencies, to assess performance within and across HTA agencies, identify areas in the HTA processes in which time is spent and to enable ongoing performance improvement.

Methods

Common steps and milestones in the HTA process were identified for meaningful benchmarking among agencies. A benchmarking tool consisting of eighty-six questions providing information on HTA agency organizational aspects and information on individual new medicine review timelines and outcomes was developed with the input of HTA agencies and validated in a pilot study. Data on 109 HTA reviews from five HTA agencies were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of this tool.

Results

This study developed an HTA benchmarking methodology, comparative metrics showed considerable differences among the median timelines from assessment and appraisal to final HTA recommendation for the five agencies included in this analysis; these results were interpreted in conjunction with agency characteristics.

Conclusions

It is feasible to find consensus among HTA agencies regarding the common milestones of the review process to map jurisdiction-specific processes against agreed metrics. Data on characteristics of agencies such as their scope and remit enabled results to be interpreted in the appropriate local context. This benchmarking tool has promising potential utility to improve the transparency of the review process and to facilitate both quality assurance and performance improvement in HTA agencies.
Prejudice and Tolerance in US Presidential Politics: Evidence from Eight List Experiments in 2008 and 2012
Authors: Carmines Edward G. , Schmidt Eric R.
Published: September 2020

Using list experiments on the 2008 and 2012 Cooperative Campaign Analysis Project, we investigated whether respondents are more likely to vote against presidential candidates from marginalized groups. We show that conservative and Republican respondents are disinclined to support Muslim and gay candidates. However, neither Right- nor Left-leaning respondents are significantly opposed to female candidates. Surprisingly, we uncovered asymmetric prejudices toward Mormons and African Americans. In both 2008 and 2012, Republicans were far more uncomfortable with gay or Muslim candidates than with African American candidates (per se). However, Democrats in 2012 were deeply uncomfortable with Mormon candidates. These findings illustrate that prejudice in presidential politics is not confined to right-wing pathologies alone but is present on both sides of the partisan–ideological divide.
Assessing panic disorder-specific competencies: evaluation of the Cognitive Therapy Competence Scale for panic disorder
Authors: Liness Sheena , Beale Sarah , Clark David M. , Salkovskis Paul M. , Ehlers Anke , Wild Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Background:

Evidence-based treatment for panic disorder consists of disorder-specific cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) protocols. However, most measures of CBT competence are generic and there is a clear need for disorder-specific assessment measures.

Aims:

To fill this gap, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Therapy Competence Scale (CTCP) for panic disorder.

Method:

CBT trainees (n= 60) submitted audio recordings of CBT for panic disorder that were scored on a generic competence measure, the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R), and the CTCP by markers with experience in CBT practice and evaluation. Trainees also provided pre- to post-treatment clinical outcomes on disorder-specific patient report measures for cases corresponding to their therapy recordings.

Results:

The CTCP exhibited strong internal consistency (α = .79–.91) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = .70–.88). The measure demonstrated convergent validity with the CTS-R (r= .40–.54), although investigation into competence classification indicated that the CTCP may be more sensitive at detecting competence for panic disorder-specific CBT skills. Notably, the CTCP demonstrated the first indication of a relationship between therapist competence and clinical outcome for panic disorder (r= .29–.35); no relationship was found for the CTS-R.

Conclusions:

These findings provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the CTCP for assessing therapist competence in CBT for panic disorder and support the use of anxiety disorder-specific competence measures. Further investigation into the psychometric properties of the measure in other therapist cohorts and its relationship with clinical outcomes is recommended.
Characterising urban immigrants’ interactions with the food retail environment
Authors: Yi Stella S , Russo Rienna G , Liu Bian , Kum Susan , Rummo Pasquale , Li Yan
Published: September 2020

Objective:

The food retail environment is an important determinant of food access and the ability to achieve a healthy diet. However, immigrant communities may procure their food in different ways than the mainstream population owing to preferences for specific cultural products or limited English language proficiency. The objective of this analysis was to describe the grocery shopping patterns and behaviours of one of the largest immigrant groups in New York City, Chinese Americans – a group experiencing high poverty and cardio-metabolic disparities.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey data.

Setting:

Community-based sample.

Participants:

Self-identified Chinese Americans in the New York metropolitan area (n 239).

Results:

Three shopping patterns were identified: type 1: shopped weekly at an ethnic grocery store – and nowhere else; type 2: shopped weekly at a non-ethnic grocery store, with occasional shopping at an ethnic store and type 3: did not perform weekly shopping. Type 1 v. type 2 shoppers tended to have lower education levels (37·5 v. 78·0 % with college degree); to be on public insurance (57·6 v. 22·8 %); speak English less well (18·4 v. 41·4 %); be food insecure (47·2 v. 24·2 %; P < 0·01 for all) and to travel nearly two miles further to shop at their primary grocery store (β = −1·55; 95 % CI −2·81, −0·30).

Discussion:

There are distinct grocery shopping patterns amongst urban-dwelling Chinese Americans corresponding to demographic and sociocultural factors that may help inform health interventions in this understudied group. Similar patterns may exist among other immigrant groups, lending preliminary support for an alternative conceptualisation of how immigrant communities interact with the food retail environment.
The Downfall of All Slavish Hierarchies: Richard Price on Emancipation, Improvement, and Republican Utopia
Authors: Elazar Yiftah
Published: September 2020

Scholars have been paying increasing attention to the republican theory of liberty developed by the eighteenth-century British radical Richard Price. This article studies his narrative of a revolution of liberty, which consists in the downfall of oppressive powers, the establishment of republican institutions, and the introduction of a utopian age. In distinction from work that has focused on the millennial aspects of Price's narrative of emancipation, I highlight its political contexts and functions, situating its early development in utopian speculations about agrarian equality and population, demonstrating how the American Revolution had transformed it into a rallying cry for revolutionaries, and reconstructing its role as a source of politically mobilizing hope. This study differs from much of the scholarship on Price in looking beyond the Anglo-American context and presenting his work as part of a European conversation on the prospects of republican utopia, a conversation whose participants included Rousseau, Turgot, Mirabeau, and Condorcet.
Building capacity to provide innovative interventions for early psychosis in mental health professionals
Authors: Poli S. , Ruggeri M. , Bonetto C. , De Santi K. , Miglietta E. , Petterlini S. , Alpi A. , Bislenghi L. , Bolis T. , Fascendini S. , Patelli G. , Cristofalo D. , Albasini F. , Meneghelli A. ,   THE GET UP GROUP
Published: September 2020

Despite international guidelines, cognitive behavioural therapy for early psychosis (CBTep) is still under-used in daily clinical practice, mainly due to the lack of specific skills among mental health professionals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a CBTep training course and to investigate the impact of trainees’ variables on the level of skills acquisition. An intensive and graded CBTep training programme consisting of 112 hours of plenary lectures, 30 hours of group supervision and 3 months of practical training was offered to mental health professionals of 65 Italian community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs). CBT expert psychologists were used as the comparison group. Participants underwent pre-planned exams to test the level of skills acquisition and were requested to complete a satisfaction survey. The vast majority of participants (93%) completed the training with medium–high evaluation scores and reported to be highly satisfied with the course. CMHCs staff members achieved high scores in the examinations and no major differences between them and CBT expert psychologists were found in most of the final exam scores. Our results support the feasibility and the efficacy of the training to build specific CBTep capacity in a large cohort of professionals working in Italian Generalist Mental Health Services.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the capacity building of a short training programme in CBT for early psychosis dedicated to community mental health professionals.

(2)

To consider the optimal characteristics of a CBT training programme for early psychosis.

(3)

To reflect on the feasibility of a CBT training programme for early psychosis in the context of Italian Community Mental Health Services.
National levels of human development and number of mental hospital beds
Authors: Metcalfe Justin , Drake Robert
Published: September 2020

Aims

The number of mental hospital beds per population varies widely across countries, and the reasons for this variation are not fully understood. Given that differences in disease prevalence do not explain variation in inpatient mental health care availability, we examined the relationship between mental hospital beds and national income, education and longevity as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI).

Methods

We used an international dataset of social, economic and structural measures to conduct a mixed-effects longitudinal regression of predictors of the number of mental hospital beds per 100 000 in the overall population for 86 countries for years 2005–2015.

Results

Our initial dataset contained 1881 observations consisting of 11 years of potential measurements across 171 countries. After eliminations based on missing data and subsequent imputation, the dataset for the final regression model included 946 observations over 86 countries. The primary predictors of a country's number of mental hospital beds were year, HDI and GINI coefficient, the latter being a measure of income disparity. Holding all other factors constant, the number of beds decreased 8% per year, reflecting the ongoing international trend of deinstitutionalisation. As hypothesised, higher HDI predicted more mental hospital beds. Every 0.1 increase in HDI (0–1.0) was associated with a 126% increase in the number of hospital beds at the sample's mean GINI index score of 38 (0–100). However, a strong interaction between HDI and the GINI coefficient indicated that a high level of income disparity attenuated the positive association between HDI and mental hospital beds. At a GINI index score of 48, every 0.1 increase in HDI was associated with a 71% increase in the number of hospital beds.

Conclusions

As countries reduce the number of hospital beds over time, higher levels of economic disparity are associated with a reduction in the strength of the association between national prosperity and investment in mental hospitals. As power becomes increasingly concentrated, perhaps those with the least are more easily forgotten.
Default mode network activity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Zovetti Niccolò , Rossetti Maria Gloria , Perlini Cinzia , Maggioni Eleonora , Bontempi Pietro , Bellani Marcella , Brambilla Paolo
Published: September 2020

Since its discovery in 1997, the default mode network (DMN) and its components have been extensively studied in both healthy individuals and psychiatric patients. Several studies have investigated possible DMN alterations in specific mental conditions such as bipolar disorder (BD). In this review, we describe current evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies with the aim to understand possible changes in the functioning of the DMN in BD. Overall, several types of analyses including seed-based and independent component have been conducted on heterogeneous groups of patients highlighting different results. Despite the differences, findings seem to indicate that BD is associated with alterations in both frontal and posterior DMN structures, mainly in the prefrontal, posterior cingulate and inferior parietal cortices. We conclude this review by suggesting possible future research directions.
Accounting for the Consequences of Tobacco Dependence on Cravings, Self-efficacy, and Motivation to Quit: Consideration of Identity Concerns
Authors: Blondé Jérôme , Falomir-Pichastor Juan M.
Published: September 2020

Tobacco dependence has been found to increase smoking cravings, and reduce both self-efficacy and motivation to quit. The present research proposes to test the hypothesis that such negative consequences are related to identity concerns and should thus appear more strongly in dependent smokers with a high (vs. low) smoker identity. In two correlational studies, daily smokers (Study 1: N = 237; Study 2: N = 154) were assessed for tobacco dependence, smoker identity, self-efficacy, craving to smoke (Study 1), and motivation to quit (Study 2). Among smokers who declared to be strongly dependent, those scoring high in smoker identity reported more smoking cravings (β = .28, p = .008, 95% CI [0.084, 0.563],

$ {\upeta}_p^{{}^2} $

= .03) and less motivation to quit than those scoring low (β = –.58, p = .003, 95% CI [–1.379, –0.282],

$ {\upeta}_p^{{}^2} $

= .06). Smoker identity was unrelated to these variables among non-dependent smokers (ps > .40). The relationship between tobacco dependence and self-efficacy was not affected by smoker identity (ps > .45). Through these studies, we provided evidence that the implications of tobacco dependence on smoking maintenance and difficulties in quitting may be, in part, explained by identity mechanisms.
Considering BMI, Body Image and Desired Weight Change for Suitable Obesity Management Options
Authors: Godoy-Izquierdo Débora , González-Hernández Juan , Lara Raquel , Rodríguez-Tadeo Alejandra , Ramírez María J. , Navarrón Estefanía , Ogallar-Blanco Adelaida , López-Mora Clara , Arbinaga Félix
Published: September 2020

With prevalence of obesity increasing worldwide, understanding body image in individuals with excessive weight is important, as unawareness of weight excess can prevent weight loss attempts. We explored the associations among measured and self-reported body mass index (BMI), body image and body satisfaction among Spanish females and males with overweight or obesity, with a special focus in discriminating individuals who are and are not satisfied with their body and wish or not to change their appearance. Just unifying all individuals with excessive weight may lead to uncover or deny different realities and to develop unfitted clinical management options. Updating findings for the Spanish population, we found that most participants correctly estimated their weight, but 3 in 10 underestimated it. Similarly, their body images corresponded to adults with overweight or obesity who desired to be thinner, but in average they reported a perceived body just slightly overweight and a moderate satisfaction with their body. Complementing the existing evidence, BMI and sex-gender interacted for influencing body weight estimation and desired weight change. In addition, three different subgroups were found for desired change of weight and size, depending on their BMI and body satisfaction. Discovering and considering different subjective realities and corporeal experiences among individuals with weight excess will help professionals to develop appropriate therapeutic interventions. Thus, the personal experiences that individuals have with obesity, instead of obesity itself, should be considered for disentangling management efforts.
Dementia Worry and the Perception of Personal Risk
Authors: Martin Kristina , Lang Frieder R. , Rupprecht Roland , Nömer Jessica
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The research examined dementia worry and the perception of personal dementia risk based on a 2-year longitudinal online study ( N = 129, 21–79 yrs). Participants completed questionnaires on attitudes, experiences, and worries concerning dementia. A fully saturated cross-lagged model was estimated. Results show that dementia worry was moderately stable, and that changes were unrelated to perceived risk or family history. In contrast, perceived dementia risk was more prone to change and was positively associated with prior dementia worry but not vice versa. Having a family history of dementia was cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally, associated with greater worry and higher perceived risk. Because of the limited variability of dementia worry, focusing on perception of personal risk is a promising approach. Future research may benefit from differentiating the plasticity of the two constructs.
The Development and Validation of a New Multidimensional Test Anxiety	Scale (MTAS)
Authors: Putwain David W. , von der Embse Nathaniel P. , Rainbird Emma C. , West Geoffrey
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Although test anxiety has a long history in the educational and psychological literature there is a lack of census over its dimensionality. The aim of the present study was to clarify the dimensionality of test anxiety and develop a new instrument to reflect this dimensionality. Across two empirical studies we tested and refined a new multidimensional instrument comprising of two cognitive dimensions (Worry and Cognitive Interference) and two affective-physiological dimensions (Tension and Physiological Indicators). In both studies, four-correlated-factors and higher order models showed a good fit to the data. Test anxiety was positively related to an existing test anxiety measure (the Test Anxiety Inventory) and an elevated risk of mental health problems, and negatively related to school well-being and examination performance. This new instrument will prove a welcome addition for practitioners, to assist in the identification of highly test anxious students who may require support or intervention, and test anxiety researchers.
Tailoring the lineshapes of coupled plasmonic systems based on a theory derived from first principles
Authors: Lin Jing , Qiu Meng , Zhang Xiyue , Guo Huijie , Cai Qingnan , Xiao Shiyi , He Qiong , Zhou Lei
Published: September 2020

Coupled photonic systems exhibit intriguing optical responses attracting intensive attention, but available theoretical tools either cannot reveal the underlying physics or are empirical in nature. Here, we derive a rigorous theoretical framework from first principles (i.e., Maxwell’s equations), with all parameters directly computable via wave function integrations, to study coupled photonic systems containing multiple resonators. Benchmark calculations against Mie theory reveal the physical meanings of the parameters defined in our theory and their mutual relations. After testing our theory numerically and experimentally on a realistic plasmonic system, we show how to utilize it to freely tailor the lineshape of a coupled system, involving two plasmonic resonators exhibiting arbitrary radiative losses, particularly how to create a completely “dark” mode with vanishing radiative loss (e.g., a bound state in continuum). All theoretical predictions are quantitatively verified by our experiments at near-infrared frequencies. Our results not only help understand the profound physics in such coupled photonic systems, but also offer a powerful tool for fast designing functional devices to meet diversified application requests.
Deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on a doublet d–f transition cerium(III) complex with 100% exciton utilization efficiency
Authors: Wang Liding , Zhao Zifeng , Zhan Ge , Fang Huayi , Yang Hannan , Huang Tianyu , Zhang Yuewei , Jiang Nan , Duan Lian , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Lu Zhenghong , Huang Chunhui
Published: September 2020

Compared to red and green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), blue OLEDs are still the bottleneck due to the lack of efficient emitters with simultaneous high exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) and short excited-state lifetime. Different from the fluorescence, phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and organic radical materials traditionally used in OLEDs, we demonstrate herein a new type of emitter, cerium(III) complex Ce-1 with spin-allowed and parity-allowed d–f transition of the centre Ce3+ ion. The compound exhibits a high EUE up to 100% in OLEDs and a short excited-state lifetime of 42 ns, which is considerably faster than that achieved in efficient phosphorescence and TADF emitters. The optimized OLEDs show an average maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.4% and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.146, 0.078).
Distorted copper(ii) radicals with sterically hindered salens: electronic structure and aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Kunert R. , Philouze C. , Berthiol F. , Jarjayes O. , Storr T. , Thomas F.
Published: September 2020

Strongly distorted copper salen complexes show a unique stability in four different redox states by CV. Copper phenoxyl radical complexes are structurally characterized. They promote the catalytic aerobic oxidation of 2-phenylethanol under air.
Secondary organic aerosol tracers and related polar organic compounds between urban and rural areas in the Eastern Mediterranean region: source apportionment and the influence of atmospheric oxidants
Authors: Kanellopoulos Panagiotis Georgios , Chrysochou Eirini , Koukoulakis Konstantinos , Vasileiadou Emily , Kizas Christos , Savvides Chrysanthos , Bakeas Evangelos
Published: September 2020

The formation, abundance and sources of secondary organic aerosol markers and other related polar organic species were investigated at two Eastern Mediterranean sites.
The DNA controllable peroxidase mimetic activity of MoS2 nanosheets for constructing a robust colorimetric biosensor
Authors: Zhao Lianjing , Wang Jing , Su Dandan , Zhang Yueying , Lu Huiying , Yan Xu , Bai Jihao , Gao Yuan , Lu Geyu
Published: September 2020

A robust colorimetric biosensor based on the DNA-controllable peroxidase mimetic activity of MoS2 nanosheets was developed for the label-free detection of CEA.
Synthesis strategies for non-symmetric, photochromic diarylethenes
Authors: Sponza Alvaro D. , Liu Di , Chen Emily P. , Shaw Allison , Diawara Lassana , Chiu Melanie
Published: September 2020

This review surveys synthesis strategies for accessing non-symmetric diarylethene photochromes and highlights notable properties and applications of these compounds.
Diastereoselective synthesis of dispiro[indoline-3,3′-furan-2′,3′′-pyrrolidine] via [3 + 2]cycloaddition reaction of MBH maleimides of isatins and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Pan Liu-Na , Sun Jing , Shi Rong-Guo , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: September 2020

In the presence of mixed bases DABCO and K2CO3, the reaction of MBH maleimides of isatins with various cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds afforded functionalized dispiro[indoline-3,3′-furan-2′,3′′-pyrrolidines] in satisfactory yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
Silk fibroins in multiscale dimensions for diverse applications
Authors: Dorishetty Pramod , Dutta Naba K. , Choudhury Namita Roy
Published: September 2020

Silk biomaterials in different forms such as particles, coatings and their assemblies, represent unique type of materials in multiple scales and dimensions.
Electron configuration-based neural network model to predict physicochemical properties of inorganic compounds
Authors: Shin Hyun Kil
Published: September 2020

Registration, evaluation, and authorization of chemicals (REACH), the regulation of chemicals in use, imposes the characterization and report of the physicochemical properties of compounds.
Separation of iron(iii), zinc(ii) and lead(ii) from a choline chloride–ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent by solvent extraction
Authors: Spathariotis Stylianos , Peeters Nand , Ryder Karl S. , Abbott Andrew P. , Binnemans Koen , Riaño Sofia
Published: September 2020

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as alternatives to the aqueous phase in solvent extraction of iron(iii), zinc(ii) and lead(ii).
Conformational dynamics of amyloid-β (16–22) peptide in aqueous ionic liquids
Authors: Dasari Sathish , Mallik Bhabani S.
Published: September 2020

Molecular dynamics simulations of amyloid-β (16–22) peptide dimer at two different experimentally studied concentrations of hydrated ethylammonium mesylate, ethylammonium nitrate, and triethylammonium mesylate were carried out employing an umbrella sampling method.
Synthetic methodology towards allylictrans-cyclooctene-ethers enables modification of carbohydrates: bioorthogonal manipulation of thelacrepressor
Authors: de Geus Mark A. R. , Groenewold G. J. Mirjam , Maurits Elmer , Araman Can , van Kasteren Sander I.
Published: September 2020

Two novel reagents were developed to direct formation of allyliccis-cyclooctene (CCO) ethers, followed by photochemical isomerization to obtaintrans-cyclooctene (TCO) ethers. The method was used to cage a bio-active carbohydrate.
Chemically driven superstructural ordering leading to giant unit cells in unconventional clathrates Cs8Zn18Sb28 and Cs8Cd18Sb28
Authors: Owens-Baird Bryan , Yox Philip , Lee Shannon , Carroll Xian B. , Grass Wang Suyin , Chen Yu-Sheng , Lebedev Oleg I. , Kovnir Kirill
Published: September 2020

Giant clathrate supercell driven by ordering of Zn/Sb bonding in the framework and Cs-guest vacancies is found in unconventional clathrate Cs8Zn18Sb28.
Rational design of a main chain conjugated copolymer having donor–acceptor heterojunctions and its application in indoor photovoltaic cells
Authors: Kwon Na Yeon , Park Su Hong , Kang Hungu , Takaloo Ashkan Vakilipour , Harit Amit Kumar , Woo Han Young , Kim Tae Geun , Yoon Hyo Jae , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: September 2020

P(BDBT-co-NDI2T) exhibited a strong absorption band, which overlapped with the emission spectrum of an LED lamp and it exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 12.70% under the LED lamp (@500 lux).
Self-supporting composited electrocatalysts of ultrafine Mo2C on 3D-hierarchical porous carbon monoliths for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lu Haiyang , Gao Boxu , Zhang Hongbin , Fan Xueliang , Zheng Luyao , Tan Jingwen , Wang Sinong , Zhang Yahong , Gao Qingsheng , Tang Yi
Published: September 2020

A self-supporting binder-free electrocatalyst with ultrafine Mo2C particles anchored on a hierarchical porous carbon monolith exhibits superior HER performance.
Characterizing surface states in hematite nanorod photoanodes, both beneficial and detrimental to solar water splitting efficiency
Authors: Stanescu Dana , Piriyev Mekan , Villard Victoria , Mocuta Cristian , Besson Adrien , Ihiawakrim Dris , Ersen Ovidiu , Leroy Jocelyne , Chiuzbaian Sorin G. , Hitchcock Adam P. , Stanescu Stefan
Published: September 2020

Direct evidence for reductive and oxidative surface states coexisting in hematite nanostructures is given by combined STXM and PEC measurements. The annealing temperature and Ti substitution balance the surface states, driving the PEC activity.
Molecular mechanism of anion size regulating the nanostructure and charging process at ionic liquid–electrode interfaces
Authors: Wang Yanlei , Qian Cheng , Huo Feng , Qin Jingyu , He Hongyan
Published: September 2020

The effects of anion on the interfacial structure and charging process of the ionic liquid-based supercapacitor were explored via constant potential simulations.
Correction: In situ encapsulation of core–shell-structured Co@Co3O4 into nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedra as a bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Guo Ziyang , Wang Fengmei , Xia Yuan , Li Jinli , Tamirat Andebet Gedamu , Liu Yanru , Wang Lei , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘In situ encapsulation of core–shell-structured Co@Co3O4 into nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedra as a bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries’ by Ziyang Guo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2018, 6, 1443–1453, DOI: 10.1039/C7TA09958D.
Vascular cell responses to silicone surfaces grafted with heparin-like polymers: surface chemical compositionvs.topographic patterning
Authors: Sun Wei , Jin Sheng , Zhang Aiyang , Huang Jialei , Li Yuepeng , Liu Xiaoli , Chen Hong
Published: September 2020

Surface structural units and topographic patterning influence vascular cell responses to silicone surfaces grafted with heparin-like polymers.
Mimicking the electrophysiological microenvironment of bone tissue using electroactive materials to promote its regeneration
Authors: Zheng Tianyi , Huang Yiqian , Zhang Xuehui , Cai Qing , Deng Xuliang , Yang Xiaoping
Published: September 2020

A timely and comprehensive account of electroactive biomaterials promoting bone regeneration is provided by reviewing their physicochemical and biological properties.
Fabrication of aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-based polymers for co-delivery of anticancer drugs and the p53 gene
Authors: Li Lei , Tian Hongrui , He Jinlin , Zhang Mingzu , Li Zuguang , Ni Peihong
Published: September 2020

Aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-based polymers for gene delivery not only can reduce toxicity and improve solubility, but can improve gene transfection efficiency and reduce protein aggregation.
Förster resonance energy transfer in fluorophore labeled poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s
Authors: Merckx Ronald , Swift Thomas , Rees Ryan , Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , Schoolaert Ella , De Clerck Karen , Ottevaere Heidi , Thienpont Hugo , Jerca Valentin Victor , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: September 2020

A well-defined FRET system based on heterotelechelic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) containing pyrene and coumarin 343 was successfully used as fluorescent probe for temperature sensing and processed into fibres and films showing excellent FRET efficiency.
Prologue to the Forum: Literacy and Language Issues In Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Bharadwaj Sneha V.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this forum is to provide an update on reading outcomes in preschool- and school-age children with hearing loss and to provide guidance on intervention strategies to improve reading skills.

Conclusions

Preschool- and school-age children with hearing loss may show deficits in various reading and reading-related skills depending on their age, duration of deafness, severity of hearing loss, age at which they were fitted with hearing technologies, speech recognition skills, communication mode, and quality of intervention. Several linguistic and cognitive factors also are associated with reading outcomes. Thus, intervention programs must be multicomponent in nature and designed to fit the unique needs of each child.
Deep quantised portrait matting
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Wang Yuehai , Yang Jianyi
Published: September 2020

Portrait matting is of vital importance for many applications such as portrait editing, background replacement, ecommerce demonstration, and augmented reality. The portrait matt can be accessed by predicting the α value of the original picture. Previous deep matting methods usually adopt a segmentation network to tackle portrait matting tasks. However, these traditional methods will introduce unpleasant blemishes in the matting results sometimes. The authors find that the key factor behind this phenomenon is how they model the matting problem. On the one hand, α value predicting can be modelled as a regression task. On the other hand, it can be viewed as a classification task of predicting background or foreground. To solve this problem, they explore different methods to model the nature of the α matting problem and propose a novel quantisation‐based adaption. Their method comes up with an α quantisation loss to achieve multi‐threshold filtering. Furthermore, they apply an α merging block to improve conventional regression methods. With their method, the gradient loss is reduced by 7.53% relatively, with mean square error and sum of absolute difference decreased by 14.7% relatively, leading to a more visually pleasant α matt in several segmentation backbones.