bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Cytokine Therapy to the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment Using PD-L1–Specific VHHs
Authors: Dougan Michael , Ingram Jessica R. , Jeong Hee-Jin , Mosaheb Munir M. , Bruck Patrick T. , Ali Lestat , Pishesha Novalia , Blomberg Olga , Tyler Paul M. , Servos Mariah M. , Rashidian Mohammad , Nguyen Quang-De , von Andrian Ulrich H. , Ploegh Hidde L. , Dougan Stephanie K.
Published: February 2018

Cytokine-based therapies for cancer have not achieved widespread clinical success because of inherent toxicities. Treatment for pancreatic cancer is limited by the dense stroma that surrounds tumors and by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome these barriers, we developed constructs of single-domain antibodies (VHHs) against PD-L1 fused with IL-2 and IFNγ. Targeting cytokine delivery in this manner reduced pancreatic tumor burden by 50%, whereas cytokines fused to an irrelevant VHH, or blockade of PD-L1 alone, showed little effect. Targeted delivery of IL-2 increased the number of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, whereas IFNγ reduced the number of CD11b+ cells and skewed intratumoral macrophages toward the display of M1-like characteristics. Imaging of fluorescent VHH–IFNγ constructs, as well as transcriptional profiling, demonstrated targeting of IFNγ to the tumor microenvironment. Many tumors and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells express PD-L1, rendering them potentially susceptible to this form of targeted immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 389–401. ©2018 AACR.
Hemostatic Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Medical Adhesive, MAR VIVO-107, in a Rabbit Liver Resection Model
Authors: Fukushima Kenji , Tanaka Hirokazu , Kadaba Srinivasan Pramod , Pawlowsky Kerstin , Kögel Babette , Uemoto Shinji , Ku Yonson , Tolba René H.
Published: February 2018

Background: Topical hemostatic agents are useful when hepatic hemorrhage is difficult to control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic efficacy and safety of a biodegradable polyurethane-based adhesive, MAR VIVO-107 (MAR), in comparison with a clinically used fibrin glue. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 study groups as follows: MAR (n = 10), fibrin glue (n = 10), and saline groups (n = 10). After standardized partial liver resection was performed, each agent was immediately applied to the wound area. Bleeding time until hemostasis and blood loss were recorded. After 7 days, body weight, hematology parameters, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Simultaneously, the severity of intra-abdominal adhesion was evaluated. Results: The mean bleeding time in the MAR (38 ± 10 s) and fibrin glue groups (65 ± 17 s) was significantly shorter than that in the saline group (186 ± 12 s). Similarly, the mean blood loss in the MAR (9 ± 3 g) and fibrin glue groups (9 ± 3 g) was significantly less than that in the saline group (23 ± 4 g). No significant differences in bleeding time and blood loss were found between the MAR and fibrin glue groups. The postoperative survival rate was 100% in all the groups. Body weight as well as hematological and serum biochemical values on day 7 were within the small and physiological range when compared with the preoperative baseline values, and significant differences were not detected among the MAR, fibrin glue, and saline groups. The severities of adhesion were similar between the 3 groups. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that MAR was not inferior to fibrin glue in terms of hemostatic efficacy and safety.
Early Psychological Counseling for the Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Induced by Acute Coronary Syndrome: The MI-SPRINT Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: von Känel Roland , Barth Jürgen , Princip Mary , Meister-Langraf Rebecca E. , Schmid Jean-Paul , Znoj Hansjörg , Herbert Claudia , Schnyder Ulrich
Published: February 2018

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinically significant PTSD symptoms (PTSS) are found in 4 and 12% of patients, respectively. We hypothesized that trauma-focused counseling prevents the incidence of ACS-induced PTSS. Methods: Within 48 h of hospital admission, 190 patients with high distress during ACS were randomized to a single-session intervention of either trauma-focused counseling or an active control intervention targeting the general role of stress in patients with heart disease. Blind interviewer-rated PTSS (primary outcome) and additional health outcomes were assessed at 3 months of follow-up. Trial results about prevalence were compared with data from previous studies on the natural incidence of ACS-induced PTSS/PTSD. Results: Intention-to-treat analyses revealed no difference in interviewer-rated PTSS between trauma-focused counseling (mean, 11.33; 95% Cl, 9.23-13.43) and stress counseling (9.88; 7.36-12.40; p = 0.40), depressive symptoms (6.01, 4.98-7.03, vs. 4.71, 3.65-5.77; p = 0.08), global psychological distress (5.15, 4.07-6.23, vs. 3.80, 2.60-5.00; p = 0.11), and the risk for cardiovascular-related hospitalization/all-cause mortality (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.37-1.23). Self-rated PTSS indicated less beneficial effects with trauma-focused (6.54; 4.95-8.14) versus stress counseling (3.74; 2.39-5.08; p = 0.017). The completer analysis (154 cases) confirmed these findings. The prevalence rates of interviewer-rated PTSD (0.5%, 1/190) and self-rated PTSS were in this trial much lower than in meta-analyses and observation studies from the same cardiology department. Conclusions: Benefits were not seen for trauma-focused counseling when compared with an active control intervention. Nonetheless, in distressed ACS patients, individual, single-session, early psychological counseling shows potential as a means to prevent posttraumatic responses, but trauma-focused early treatments should probably be avoided.
HGF and BFGF Secretion by Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improves Ovarian Function During Natural Aging via Activation of the SIRT1/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ding Chenyue , Zou Qinyan , Wang Fuxin , Wu Huihua , Wang Wei , Li Hong , Huang Boxian
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims: Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are a potential therapeutic option for clinical applications because of their ability to produce cytokines and their capacity for trilineage differentiation. To date, few researchers have investigated the effects of hADSCs on natural ovarian aging (NOA). Methods: An NOA mouse model and human ovarian granule cells (hGCs) collected from individuals with NOA were prepared to assess the therapeutic effects and illuminate the mechanism of hADSCs in curing NOA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of sex hormones and antioxidative enzymes. The proliferation rate and marker expression level of hGCs were measured by flow cytometry (FACS). Cytokines were measured by a protein antibody array methodology. Western blot assays were used to determine the protein expression levels of SIRT1 and FOXO1. Results: Our results showed that hADSCs displayed therapeutic activity against ovarian function in an NOA mouse model, increasing the proliferation rate and marker expression level of hGCs. Furthermore, the yields of hADSC-secreted HGF and bFGF were higher than those of other growth factors. FACS showed that combination treatment with the growth factors HGF and bFGF more strongly promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in hGCs than HGF or bFGF treatment alone. FACS and ELISA revealed that the combination treatment with both growth factors inhibited oxidative stress more forcefully than treatments with only one of these growth factors. In addition, protein assays demonstrated that combination treatment with both growth factors suppressed oxidative stress by up-regulating the expression of SIRT1 and FOXO1. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate for the first time the molecular cascade and related cell biology events involved in the mechanism by which HGF and bFGF derived from hADSCs improved ovarian function during natural aging via reduction of oxidative stress by activating the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
Angiotensin II Regulates Th1 T Cell Differentiation Through Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-PKA-Mediated Activation of Proteasome
Authors: Qin Xian-Yun , Zhang Yun-Long , Chi Ya-Fei , Yan Bo , Zeng Xiang-Jun , Li Hui-Hua , Liu Ying
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims: Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into T helper cells (Th1 and Th2) that play an essential role in the cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes Th1 differentiation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Ang II-induced Th1 differentiation regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Methods: Jurkat cells were treated with Ang II (100 nM) in the presence or absence of different inhibitors. The gene mRNA levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The protein levels were measured by ELISA assay or Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: Ang II treatment significantly induced a shift from Th0 to Th1 cell differentiation, which was markedly blocked by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) inhibitor Losartan (LST). Moreover, Ang II significantly increased the activities and the expression of proteasome catalytic subunits (β1, β1i, β2i and β5i) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, Ang II-induced proteasome activities were remarkably abrogated by LST and PKA inhibitor H-89. Mechanistically, Ang II-induced Th1 differentiation was at least in part through proteasome-mediated degradation of IκBα and MKP-1 and activation of STAT1 and NF-κB. Conclusions: This study for the first time demonstrates that Ang II activates AT1R-PKA-proteasome pathway, which promotes degradation of IκBα and MKP-1 and activation of STAT1 and NF-κB thereby leading to Th1 differentiation. Thus, inhibition of proteasome activation might be a potential therapeutic target for Th1-mediated diseases.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ І СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ РАННЬОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ОНКОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ЗА РІВНЕМ ЦИРКУЛЮЮЧИХ ПУХЛИННИХ КЛІТИН
Authors: Chernyshova T. A. , Zlepko S. M. , Azarkhov O. Yu. , Danylkov S. O. , Kryvonosov V. Ye. , Baranovsky D. M.
Published: February 2018

Most modern systems and technologies of the automated analysis of medical microscopic images and early diagnostics of oncological diseases are analyzed in the article. The methods and algorithms used for image processing, segmentation, determination of parameters of the object, which are determined manually and require additional knowledge, make it significantly complicated for their practical application in clinical medicine due to insufficient knowledge of medical staff.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ СТРЕСУ НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ТЕСТОВОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ЗНАНЬ ЛІКАРІВ. АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД. ПЕРШЕ ПОВІДОМЛЕННЯ
Authors: Mintser O. P. , Koshova S. P.
Published: February 2018

The methods of quantitative and integral assessment of the stress of doctors in the process of testing their knowledge during the attestation are analyzed. The problems, which arise during research of stresses in educational activity, are grounded. The analysis of theoretical and empirical studies of the stressful states in doctors during the course of continuous professional development made it possible to postulate that the signs of a stressful state in doctors during the examinations were well studied, but their identification and the level of conformity of stress has no mathematical proof. Therefore, it is considered that stress management is possible only through the use of individual prognostic characteristics on the basis of statistical simulation. The general criteria for assessing the stress state according to objective indicators are presented. It is shown that the achievement of objective assessments of competence, knowledge and skills of doctors during computer testing depends entirely on ensuring effective adaptation to the external and internal circumstances of the exam. It is also postulated that an integral part of the process of computer exam is its complementary to the personality organization of the process, resulting in the emotional perception of the learning process will be positive, examinations will form a positive self-esteem, the process of learning will become systematic and coherent.
Vulnerability to Infarction During Cerebral Ischemia in Migraine Sufferers
Authors: Pezzini Alessandro , Busto Giorgio , Zedde Marialuisa , Gamba Massimo , Zini Andrea , Poli Loris , Caria Filomena , De Giuli Valeria , Simone Anna Maria , Pascarella Rosario , Padovani Alessandro , Padroni Marina , Gasparotti Roberto , Colagrande Stefano , Fainardi Enrico
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose—

Cerebral hyperexcitability in migraine experiencers might sensitize brain tissue to ischemia. We investigated whether a personal history of migraine is associated with vulnerability to brain ischemia in humans.

Methods—

Multicenter cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent a brain computed tomography perfusion and were scheduled to undergo reperfusion therapy. In a case–control design, we compared the proportion of subjects with no-mismatch, the volume of penumbra salvaged, as well as the final infarct size in a group of patients with migraine and a group of patients with no history of migraine.

Results—

We included 61 patients with migraine (34 [55.7%] men; mean age, 52.2±15.1 years; migraine without aura/migraine with aura, 44/17) and 61 patients with no history of migraine. The proportion of no-mismatch among migraineurs was significantly higher than among nonmigraineurs (17 [27.9%] versus 7 [11.5%];
P
=0.039) and was more prominent among patients with migraine with aura (6 [35.3%];
P
=0.030) while it was nonsignificantly increased in patients with migraine without aura (11 [25.0%];
P
=0.114). Migraine, especially migraine with aura, was independently associated with a no-mismatch pattern (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% CI, 0.95–7.41 for migraine; odds ratio, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.28–23.99 for migraine with aura), and there was a linear decrease of the proportion of patients with migraine with aura with increasing quartiles of mismatch volumes. Patients with migraine with aura had also smaller volumes of salvaged penumbra (9.8±41.2 mL) compared with patients with migraine without aura (36.4±54.1 mL) and patients with no migraine (45.1±55.0 mL;
P
=0.056). Conversely, there was no difference in final infarct size among the 3 migraine subgroups (
P
=0.312).

Conclusions—

Migraine is likely to increase individual vulnerability to ischemic stroke during the process of acute brain ischemia and might represent, therefore, a potential new therapeutic target against occurrence and progression of the ischemic damage.
Can Simplifying Financial Aid Offers Impact College Enrollment and Borrowing? Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Evidence
Authors: Rosinger Kelly Ochs
Published: February 2018

Recent policy and research efforts have focused on simplifying the college-going process, improving transparency around college costs, and helping students make informed decisions. In 2012, the Obama administration released the “shopping sheet,” a standardized financial aid offer that is intended to provide students with simplified information about costs, loan options, and college outcomes. This paper examines the impact of the shopping sheet (adopted by more than 400 four-year colleges in two years) using: (1) administrative data from a field experiment among admitted and already-enrolled students at a public university, and (2) college-level data from a quasi-experiment among four-year colleges. Findings provide some evidence that information in the shopping sheet relating a college's graduation rate to other colleges led to decreased borrowing at colleges with poor graduation outcomes. Additionally, the shopping sheet decreased borrowing at colleges that enroll high shares of students receiving federal student aid and underrepresented minority students. These findings indicate the shopping sheet may be particularly salient to students who traditionally face higher informational barriers during the college-going process.
Samuel Palmer, John Martin, and John Sell Cotman
Authors: Stuart Kathleen
Published: February 2018

This article considers how a viewer identifies spiritual meaning in landscape images of the Romantic era as well as the role of artists’ statements about their work in a viewer’s interpretive process. It examines landscapes by Samuel Palmer and John Martin, two early nineteenth-century British artists known for the spiritual content of their work, and the connection between the work and their published statements about it. The article also considers the “secular” landscapes by their contemporary John Sell Cotman for the work’s possible spiritual meaning despite the absence of published comments by the artist on the subject.
Frederic Shields’s Chapel of the Ascension
Authors: Frederick Margaretta S.
Published: February 2018

In 1889 the Pre-Raphaelite artist Frederic Shields (1833–1911) received a commission to paint the walls of a chapel in London. The patron, Emelia Gurney (1823–1896), was a devout Christian who envisaged a non-denominational place of worship and reflection, a place of refuge from the accelerated pace of the industrial age. The building, located just off Hyde Park in the Bayswater section of London, was designed by the architect Herbert Horne (1864–1916) and was based on Italian quattrocento ecclesiastical design. The interior walls were covered in a rich iconographical program conceived jointly by patron and artist. The pictorial narrative, painted in high Renaissance style, emphasized the theme of salvation and can be understood as a direct response to the fragmentation of religious practice and belief taking place in Britain at the time. This article is an investigation of the Chapel’s painted pedagogy. Completed in 1910, the building was bombed during the Blitz and is no longer standing.
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Romaine James , Hostetter Smith Rachel
Published: February 2018

Framing the eleven essays in this special double issue, this introduction opens a discussion, continued throughout the issue, on the pervasive impulse toward and elastic meaning of the ideal of paradise which was of particular interest to nineteenth-century British and American artists. It describes the arc of the issue, which is organized into three parts: on British art, American art, and architectural projects. It is bracketed by an essay that looks back to the influence of Renaissance Florence on nineteenth-century British and Americans and a postscript on paradisiacal themes in the work of two contemporary British and American artists. The genesis of this special issue is the 2016 symposium Picturing Paradise in Nineteenth Century British and American Art: Past, Lost, Regained organized by the Association of Scholars of Christianity in the History of Art.
Larval developmental temperature and ambient temperature affect copulation duration in a seed beetle
Authors: Vasudeva R. , Deeming D.C. , Eady P.E.
Published: February 2018

The effects of temperature on cellular, systemic and whole-organism processes can be short-term, acting within seconds or minutes of a temperature change, or long-term, acting across ontogenetic stages to affect an organism’s morphology, physiology and behavioural phenotype. Here we examine the effect of larval development temperature on adult copulatory behaviour in the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. As predicted by temperature’s kinetic effects, copulation duration was longest at the lowest ambient temperature. However, where ambient temperature was fixed and developmental temperature experimentally varied, males reared at the highest temperature were least likely to engage in copulation, whilst those reared at the lowest temperature copulated for longer. Previous research has shown males reared at cooler temperatures inseminate fewer sperm. Thus, in this species longer copulations are associated with reduced sperm transfer. We argue that knowledge of preceding ontogenetic conditions will help to elucidate the causes of variation in copulatory behaviour.
Paurodontella gilanica n. sp. (Nematoda: Sphaerularioidea) from Iran
Authors: Yaghoubi Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid
Published: February 2018

Paurodontella gilanica n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The new species is characterised by its small body size, four lines in the lateral field, weak stylet with minute asymmetrical knobs, female reproductive system lacking a diverticulum but with small post-vulval uterine sac, elongate conoid tail with pointed, sometimes filiform, tip, males common with small spicules and cloacal bursa not reaching tail tip. Morphological differences between the new species and seven known species of the genus, namely P. asymmetrica, P. auriculata, P. balochistanica, P. minuta, P. myceliophaga, P. parapitica and P. persica, are discussed. The new species is also compared with four known species of Paurodontus having four lines in the lateral field. Using a 1123 nt long partial 18S rDNA sequence of the new species to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships revealed that it formed a clade with members of the Sphaerulariidae and Paurodontidae. Using a 746 nt long partial sequence of the 28S rDNA D2-D3 segment revealed that P. gilanica n. sp. formed a clade with Abursanema iranicum in both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses with 0.99 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and 89% bootstrap support value (BS). The morphological affinities of Paurodontella and Paurodontus are discussed.
Geometric analysis of intrusive growth of wood fibres in Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Wilczek Anna B. , Iqbal Muhammad , Wloch Wieslaw , Klisz Marcin
Published: February 2018

All cell types of the secondary xylem arise from the meristematic cells (initials) of the vascular cambium and grow under mechanical constraints emerging from the circular-symmetrical geometry that characterises many tree trunks. The course of intrusive growth of cambial initials has been elucidated, but is yet to be described in the case of xylem fibres. This study explains the geometry of intrusive growth of the secondary xylem fibres in the trunk of Robinia pseudoacacia. Long series of serial semi-thin sections of the vascular cambium and the differentiating secondary xylem were analysed. Since fibres grow in close vicinity to expanding cells of the derivatives of the vascular cambium, we assumed that they have similar growth conditions. Dealing with the cylindrical tissue of the vascular cambium in a previous study, we used a circularly symmetrical equation for describing the growth mechanism of cambial initials. Like the cambial initials, some of the cambial derivatives differentiating into the various cell types composing the secondary xylem also exhibit intrusive growth between the tangential walls of adjacent cells. As seen in cross sections of the cambium, intrusively growing initials form slanted walls by a gradual transformation of tangential (periclinal) walls into radial (anticlinal) walls. Similarly, the intrusive growth of xylem fibres manifests initially as slants, which are formed due to axial growth of the growing cell tips along the tangential walls of adjacent cells. During this process, the tangential walls of adjacent cells are partly separated and dislocated from the tangential plane. The final shape of xylem fibres, or that of vessel elements and axial parenchyma cells, depends upon the ratio of their intrusive versus symplastic growths in the axial, circumferential and radial directions.
Ice nucleation in stems of trees and shrubs with different frost resistance
Authors: Schott Rena T. , Roth-Nebelsick Anita
Published: February 2018

In this study, the ice nucleation activity (INA) and ice nucleation temperature (INT) as well as extracellular ice formation within the bark were determined for three woody species with different degrees of frost resistance, Betula nana, Betula albosinensis and Castanea sativa. Current-year stems and at least 2-year old stems of B. nana and C. sativa as well as current-year stems of B. albosinensis were compared, during summer (non-acclimated state) and winter (acclimated state), to evaluate possible ontogenetic and seasonal differences. Acclimated plant parts of the selected species revealed nearly similar results, with an INT from -7.52 to -8.43°C. The current-year stems of B. nana had a somewhat higher INT than the older stems. Microscopic analysis showed that extra-cellular ice formation occurred in the intercellular spaces within the bark of stems of B. nana, B. albosinensis and C. sativa. Size of the intercellular spaces of the bark were species-specific, and B. nana showed the largest intercellular space volume. While freezing behavior and extracellular ice formation thus followed principally the same pattern in all considered species, B. nana is obviously capable of dealing with large masses of extracellular ice which accumulate over extended periods of frost, making B. nana capable of protecting living tissue in colder regions from freezing damage.
Transnational Organization, Transnational Law and the Ambiguity of Interpol in a World Ruled with Law
Authors: Sheptycki James
Published: February 2018

Using the practical empirical example of the Interpol Organization, the paper explores the relationship between transnational organization and transnational law. Pace Jessup’s pioneering work in 1956, the central questions surrounding the notion of transnational law have involved understanding the use of legal tools in an administrative grey area of global governance across a range of legal institutions. This essay demonstrates how Interpol constituted as itself a formal ‘Intergovernmental Organization’ with its own self-governing structure and explores the use of one of its most powerful legal tools: the Red Notice. As a formally constituted igo with transnational reach and legally subject to its own constituted governance processes, Interpol is an example of what Neil Walker calls ‘constitutionalism beyond the State’. A fortiori, Interpol mobilizes a range of legal tools from transnational public international law and criminal law, as well as those of its own constitutional order, in making up its organization. Following Terence C. Halliday and Gregory Shaffer, and based on this empirical case study, the essay argues that Interpol is an important constituent element in the broader ‘transnational legal order’ of global policing. The challenge for socio-legal scholarship is to reveal how the transnational legal order of which Interpol is a part, is shaped by a variety of actors using different kinds of legal instruments because the institutional patterns thereby established have consequences for future developments. The transnational legal order of global policing is a synecdoche of global governance more generally and the specific case of Interpol provides the basis of some general claims about how to understand the concept of law under transnational conditions. The essay argues that Interpol is but a small constituent element of an evolving global system of rule with law. Rule with law emphasizes that in all practical circumstances legal tools are in the hands of knowing social actors. Understood this way, law is practical politics undertaken by means of legal tools. Interpol is but one element of a vast transnational legal order that has no democratic basis and which needs to be progressively uncovered through piecemeal empirical case studies. Read against the backdrop of broad socio-legal theory, such case studies offer critical insights concerning contemporary transnational legal ordering.
Revision of the New World species of the genus Dinotrema (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae)
Revision of the New World species of the genus Dinotrema (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae)
Authors: PERIS-FELIPO FRANCISCO JAVIER , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A.
Published: February 2018

The first comprehensive revision of the Nearctic and Neotropical species of the genus Dinotrema Foerster, 1863 is provided. Twenty-two species of this genus are redescribed and illustrated. The following new combinations are suggested: D. floridensis (Shenefelt, 1974), comb. nov.; D. ephemera (Viereck, 1917), comb. nov.; D. foliformis (Fischer, 1969), comb. nov.; D. latitergum (Fischer, 1969), comb. nov.; D. lobidens (Fischer 1969), comb. nov. and D. longibasis (Fischer 1969), comb. nov. Dinotrema bucculatricis (Fischer 1969) is synonymized with D. angusticorne (Fischer 1969), syn. nov. Dinotrema sublatitergum (nom. nov.) is new name for junior homonym Dinotrema latitergum (Fischer, 1975), not D. latitergum (Fischer, 1969). The key to all New World species of Dinotrema is compiled for the first time.
A new species and new records of Oocyclus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from Brazil
Authors: JORDÃO RAFAEL , CLARKSON BRUNO , FERREIRA-JR NELSON
Published: February 2018

A new species of Oocyclus Sharp, 1882, O. pilosus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Mato Grosso State in Central-Western Brazil. Oocyclus itapecum Clarkson & Short 2012 and O. yubai Clarkson & Short 2012 are newly recorded from São Paulo and from Mato Grosso, Goiás and Paraná States respectively. The doubtful record of Oocyclus aeneus Clarkson & Short 2012 in Mato Grosso State is herein confirmed. An updated key to the Brazilian species of Oocyclus is provided.
A new species of Hyloscirtus (Anura, Hylidae) from the Colombian and Venezuelan slopes of Sierra de Perijá, and the phylogenetic position of Hyloscirtus jahni (Rivero, 1961)
Authors: ROJAS-RUNJAIC FERNANDO J. M. , INFANTE-RIVERO EDWIN E. , SALERNO PATRICIA E. , MEZA-JOYA FABIO LEONARDO
Published: February 2018

A new species of Hyloscirtus, belonging to the H. bogotensis species Group, is described from the Venezuelan and Colombian slopes of the Sierra de Perijá. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: mental gland present, disc-shaped and small; ulnar, outer, and inner tarsal folds present; calcar tubercle absent; whitish stripes on external border of upper eyelids and supratympanic folds, longitudinally on the mid-dorsum, on supracloacal fold, outer ulnar folds, inner and outer tarsal folds, and also on dorsal internal surface of shanks. We estimate phylogenetic relationships based on mtDNA (spanning fragments of 12S rRNA, tRNA-Val and 16S rRNA), of all Hyloscirtus species available in Genbank, as well as the new species described herein, H. callipeza, H. jahni, and H. platydactylus, all of which have not been previously sequenced. Our molecular data support the hypothesis of the new species as sister species of H. callipeza and indicates that H. jahni does not belong to the H. bogotensis species Group, but rather is sister species of all other Hyloscirtus (sensu Faivovich et al. 2005). Based on this last result we propose a new species group for H. jahni and the synonymy of Colomascirtus in Hyloscirtus. We also provide the first description of the advertisement call of H. callipeza. With the new species described herein, the number of Hyloscirtus species increases to 37.
The identity of Aplocheilus andamanicus (Köhler, 1906) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), an endemic Killifish from the Andaman Islands, with notes on Odontopsis armata van Hasselt
Authors: KATWATE UNMESH , KUMKAR PRADEEP , BRITZ RALF , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV , DAHANUKAR NEELESH
Published: February 2018

In his work on the fishes of the Andaman Islands, Francis Day (1870) collected large-sized specimens of Aplocheilus from the south Andamans. Despite differences in the size and dorsal-fin ray counts, Day refrained from recognising the Andaman Aplocheilus as a distinct species and considered it as Aplocheilus panchax, a species distributed in the Ganges delta and across the eastern coast of mainland India. However, Day mentioned the differences in fin-ray counts between these two populations. Subsequently Köhler (1906) described the Andaman population as Haplochilus andamanicus (now in Aplocheilus), referring to the diagnostic characters initially discovered by Day. This species failed to receive recognition from taxonomists, because of the uncertainty regarding the validity of the species and its questionable synonymy with A. panchax. In this study, based on morphological and molecular evidence, we demonstrate that A. andamanicus is indeed a distinct and valid species, which can easily be diagnosed from the widespread A. panchax. While resolving the identity of A. andamanicus, we also demonstrate that the congeners from southeast Asia form a genetically distinct group for which the name Odontopsis armata is available.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns among Otolaryngologists
Authors: Schwartz Marissa A. , Naples James G. , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Falcone Todd E.
Published: February 2018

Objectives

To evaluate national trends in opioid prescribing patterns by otolaryngologists for postoperative pain control after common otolaryngologic procedures.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional; survey.

Subjects and Methods

A survey to determine opioid prescribing patterns for the treatment of postoperative pain following common otolaryngologic procedures was distributed to all members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.

Results

The most common pain medication prescribed for adults postoperatively was hydrocodone‐acetaminophen (73%), followed by oxycodone‐acetaminophen (39%). The most common pain medication prescribed postoperatively for children was acetaminophen (67%), followed by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (65%). Overall, there was a wide variation in quantity of opioids prescribed for each surgery, ranging from 0 to more than 60 doses. Mean opioid prescriptions were greatest for tonsillectomy (37 tablets) and least for direct laryngoscopy (5.3 tablets).

Conclusion

This study identifies nationwide variations in opioid prescribing patterns among otolaryngologists. While otolaryngology is a relatively small specialty, we still have an obligation to work with all physicians to help combat the current opioid epidemic. By evaluating nationwide postoperative pain regimens, we are moving closer toward understanding how to reduce the opioid burden.
Recruiting and Retaining Patient–Caregiver–Nurse Triads for Qualitative Hospice Cancer Pain Research
Authors: Ehrlich Olga , Walker Rachel K.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Qualitative pain research for hospice patients with cancer and their caregivers involves recruiting and retaining participants with multiple vulnerabilities and ethical and logistical challenges. These have been reported for studies of individuals or dyads. However, there are no reports of the related challenges and outcomes where the sampled population was a hospice triad.

Objectives:

Qualitative research about pain management for home hospice patients with cancer contributes rich descriptive data and such studies are critical to improving cancer pain outcomes. We describe the ethical and pragmatic challenges we faced in a study of the hospice caring triad, operationalized as the patient, family caregiver, and nurse; how our study design anticipated them; and related outcomes.

Results:

We found that having an established relationship with the hospice agency at which we recruited participants, clearly identifying potential participants at the onset of hospice care, practice using a recruitment script, patient recruitment of caregivers, establishing rapport, and participants determining when interviews should end helped us recruit and retain our sample. We were unable to accrue our anticipated triad sample, partially because of nurse gatekeeping and the condition at admission of patient participants who enrolled but had physical decline or died prior to written consent.

Conclusions:

Although researchers will always face challenges to enrolling individuals and groups in cancer pain studies, with careful study design, recruitment, and retention planning and research team-participant engagement, it is possible to gather a robust corpus of qualitative data.
Neutrophils provide cellular communication between ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes at graft-versus-host disease onset
Authors: Hülsdünker Jan , Ottmüller Katja J. , Neeff Hannes P. , Koyama Motoko , Gao Zhan , Thomas Oliver S. , Follo Marie , Al-Ahmad Ali , Prinz Gabriele , Duquesne Sandra , Dierbach Heide , Kirschnek Susanne , Lämmermann Tim , Blaser Martin J. , Fife Brian T. , Blazar Bruce R. , Beilhack Andreas , Hill Geoffrey R. , Häcker Georg , Zeiser Robert
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Neutrophils migrate to the ileum after conditioning and contribute to GVHD. JAK1/JAK2 inhibition reduces neutrophil influx and MHC-II expression in the mesenteric lymph node.
Glutaminolysis is a metabolic dependency in FLT3ITD acute myeloid leukemia unmasked by FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition
Authors: Gallipoli Paolo , Giotopoulos George , Tzelepis Konstantinos , Costa Ana S. H. , Vohra Shabana , Medina-Perez Paula , Basheer Faisal , Marando Ludovica , Di Lisio Lorena , Dias Joao M. L. , Yun Haiyang , Sasca Daniel , Horton Sarah J. , Vassiliou George , Frezza Christian , Huntly Brian J. P.
Published: February 2018

Key Points

FLT3ITD TK inhibition impairs glycolysis and glucose utilization without equally affecting glutamine metabolism. Combined targeting of FLT3 TK activity and glutamine metabolism decreases FLT3ITD mutant cells leukemogenic potential in vitro and in vivo.
Improving Discrete Data Capture in Synoptic Reports With Optional Free-Text Modifiers
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Upfront, discrete data capture in synoptic reporting fails when pathologists choose a response not associated with discrete data. We sought to determine the factors associated with this event.

Methods

The results of all “Other” entries in four common tumor sites in synoptic reports were reviewed.

Results

“Other” entries occurred in 329 of 13,421 questions (2.5%). In 306 of these 329 questions (93.0%), the pathologist appeared to choose this response because they wished to add additional information to an already existing response that was associated with discrete data capture. As a result, the addition of a free-text modifiers to existing responses would allow pathologist to add this additional information while still selecting a response associated with discrete data capture, significantly improving the total discrete data capture (13,092 of 13,421 questions [97.5%] v 13,398 of 13,421 questions [99.8%]; P < .001).

Conclusion

The addition of free-text modifiers to structured responses in synoptic reports could significantly improve the discrete data capture rate.
Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation over Platinum Nanosheet Intercalated Graphite Layers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent
Authors: Amanuma Hiroaki , Nanao Hidetaka , Shirai Masayuki
Published: February 2018

Cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation behaviors of platinum nanosheets intercalated between graphite layers (Pt-GIC) were studied and compared with those of platinum particles on graphite surface (Pt/Gmix) in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at 323 K. The conversions of cinnamaldehyde of Pt-GIC were lower than those of Pt/Gmix; however, the cinnamyl alcohol yields were higher than those of Pt/Gmix at similar conversions. Carbon dioxide solvent would carry hydrogen and cinnamaldehyde molecules to the edge sites of platinum nanosheets located between graphite layers, which are selective sites for the cinnamyl alcohol production.
Evaluating healthcare priority setting at the meso level: A thematic review of empirical literature
Authors: Waithaka Dennis , Tsofa Benjamin , Barasa Edwine
Published: February 2018

Background: Decentralization of health systems has made sub-national/regional healthcare systems the backbone of healthcare delivery. These regions are tasked with the difficult responsibility of determining healthcare priorities and resource allocation amidst scarce resources. We aimed to review empirical literature that evaluated priority setting practice at the meso (sub-national) level of health systems.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google scholar databases and supplemented these with manual searching for relevant studies, based on the reference list of selected papers. We only included empirical studies that described and evaluated, or those that only evaluated priority setting practice at the meso-level. A total of 16 papers were identified from LMICs and HICs. We analyzed data from the selected papers by thematic review.

Results: Few studies used systematic priority setting processes, and all but one were from HICs. Both formal and informal criteria are used in priority-setting, however, informal criteria appear to be more perverse in LMICs compared to HICs. The priority setting process at the meso-level is a top-down approach with minimal involvement of the community. Accountability for reasonableness was the most common evaluative framework as it was used in 12 of the 16 studies. Efficiency, reallocation of resources and options for service delivery redesign were the most common outcome measures used to evaluate priority setting.

Limitations: Our study was limited by the fact that there are very few empirical studies that have evaluated priority setting at the meso-level and there is likelihood that we did not capture all the studies.

Conclusions: Improving priority setting practices at the meso level is crucial to strengthening health systems. This can be achieved through incorporating and adapting systematic priority setting processes and frameworks to the context where used, and making considerations of both process and outcome measures during priority setting and resource allocation.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НАВЫКОВ ЧТЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА С ЗАДЕРЖКОЙ ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Kargina Elena Vasilevna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в современной коррекционной педагогике проблеме подготовки дошкольников с задержкой психического развития к обучению в образовательной организации. Предметом анализа выступают особенности формирования навыков чтения у детей дошкольного возраста с задержкой психического развития. Автор ставит целью раскрыть методику формирования навыков чтения у детей дошкольного возраста с задержкой психического развития. Задачей выступает расширение и углубление научных представлений об особенностях формирования навыков чтения у детей дошкольного возраста с задержкой психического развития путем их экспериментального изучения и методического обеспечения по данному направлению работы.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют методы теоретического анализа, синтеза и логических обобщений, а также педагогический эксперимент.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор проводит теоретический и экспериментальный анализ особенностей формирования навыков чтения у детей дошкольного возраста с задержкой психического развития и предпосылок их развития, представляет методические рекомендации по их формированию.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере работы с детьми с задержкой психического развития в образовательной организации.
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ БОРЬБЫ С ДОПИНГОМ В СПОРТЕ
Authors: Kiryanova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Morozova Lada Vladimirovna , Dmitriev Igor Viktorovich , Fedorova Alina Valentinovna , Demidenko Olesya Valerievna
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена проблеме использования спортсменами различных допингов и запрещенных стероидов для повышения спортивных результатов. Авторы ставят целью обосновать усовершенствование Российского законодательства и антидопингового образования.Методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует анализ правовых документов международного уровня и Российского законодательства, формулирование понятия «допинг», определение роли ВАДА при разработках антидопинговых информационно-образовательных программ для молодого поколения спортсменов. В работе авторы определили педагогические и организационные вопросы проблемы борьбы с допингом в спорте.Результаты. В ходе исследований установлено, что важной стороной педагогического аспекта является воспитательная работа. Авторами разработаны антидопинговые мероприятия, которые рекомендованы к применению в системе детско-юношеского спортивного образования и в вузах физической культуры.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования рекомендованы к применению в образовательных методиках антидопингового характера в сфере физической культуры и спорта.
РАЗВИТИЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ВУЗАХ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ В 1930-e ГОДЫ
Authors: Ponomarev Sergey Anatolievich
Published: February 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной политико-экономической реальности теме истории педагогики. Предметом анализа выступает процесс развития научных направлений в педагогических исследованиях, связанных с политическими и экономическими реформами в период первых пятилеток в Новосибирской, Омской, Томской, Тюменской, Барнаульской областях. Автор ставит целью охарактеризовать направления научно-педагогических исследований, проводимых в 1930-х гг. в педагогических вузах Западной Сибири.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует контент-анализ архивных документов, а также историографический, ретроспективный, сравнительно-сопоставительный, хронологический методы, детерминированные факторами исторического развития общества, что позволяет сформировать более объективный взгляд на рассматриваемую проблему.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор показывает аргументы и преемственность развития научно-педагогических исследований, проводимых в педагогических вузах Западной Сибири. Результаты исследования могут расширить представления о данном историческом периоде развития нашей страны, позволят глубже понять не только эволюционную преемственность современных подходов в организации педагогического образования, но и историческую значимость деятельности системы педагогического образования в целом.Область применения результатов. Выводы могут быть применены в сфере социально-педагогического проектирования и прогнозирования в процессе модернизации педагогического образования в современных условиях.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ ПО РАЗВИТИЮ СПОСОБНОСТИ К ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАНИЮ МЫШЕЧНЫХ УСИЛИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С ЛЕГКОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ УМСТВЕННОЙ ОТСТАЛОСТИ
Authors: Shamuratov Surozh Furkatovich , Pravdov Mikhail Aleksandrovich , Pravdov Dmitriy Mikhaylovich
Published: February 2018

Цель. Совершенствование системы занятий адаптивной физической культурой с учащимися с легкой степенью умственной отсталости младших классов коррекционной школы. Предметом анализа выступают способности детей к дифференцированию мышечных усилий в условиях противодействия внешним силам тяжести и упругости. Автор ставит целью раскрыть основные методические особенности выполнения комплекса специальных упражнений с мячами разного веса и размера для подготовки детей к выполнению бытовых и трудовых двигательных действий.Методы исследования: моделирования, анкетирования, биомеханические методы оценки движений, экспертная оценка, педагогический эксперимент, методы математической статистики.Результаты. Разработана модель организации занятий физическими упражнениями с детьми с легкой степенью умственной, содержание и методика применения комплексов упражнений на специальных тренажерных устройствах с мячами разного веса и размера из арсенала игровых видов спорта (футбол, волейбол, баскетбол, бочча, теннис), направленных на развитие способности к дифференцированию мышечных усилий. Обоснованы формы проведения занятий: круговая тренировка, полоса препятствий, квест-игра, эстафеты. Автор доказывает возможность развития способности к дифференцированию мышечных усилий у младших школьников с легкой степенью умственной отсталости и ее влияния на качество выполнение бытовых и трудовых операций.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в системе занятий адаптивной физической культурой с учащимися с легкой степенью умственной отсталости 1–4 классов специальной коррекционной школы.