bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Devictor Vincent
Published: December 2015

La crise de la biodiversité est devenue le symptôme d’une diversité de crises. Crise de l’ objet biodiversité qui se pense dorénavant comme un système complexe et dynamique, à la fois fonctionnel, évolutif et écologique. Crise des moyens car cette transformation scientifique s’accompagne d’une mutation pratique : les données et les méthodes utilisées pour étudier la biodiversité se complexifient. La mise en réseau de données et de technologies nouvelles bouleverse ainsi notre façon de mesurer les différentes facettes de la biodiversité. Les représentations sociales de la biodiversité s’affirment par ailleurs comme une composante essentielle de sa protection. Crise des fins car la conservation de la nature semble renforcer ses justifications éthiques utilitaristes : protéger la nature reviendrait à protéger les « services » que cette nature fournit aux sociétés humaines. Ce chapitre vise à caractériser à l’aide d’exemples concrets ces transformations épistémologiques récentes de l’étude de la biodiversité et de sa protection. Au-delà d’un simple problème scientifique, cet examen révèle que la manière d’aborder la crise de la biodiversité représente un enjeu philosophique. Pour que cette polycrise demeure intelligible, une réflexion épistémologique menée au cœur de l’activité scientifique s’impose aujourd’hui.
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Delord Julien
Published: December 2015

À l’heure où les politiques de protection de la biodiversité échouent systématiquement à résorber son érosion, il est temps de s’interroger sur les fondements philosophiques du concept de biodiversité. En partant du symptôme de la multiplication des définitions de la biodiversité, nous analysons la nature floue de cette notion. En nous appuyant sur une analyse historique du concept de diversité biologique, nous serons conduits à faire de la biodiversité générale un concept-grappe dont la scientificité est questionnable. Au contraire, nous assimilons les concepts de biodiversité limités à des « sortes » théoriques. Cette dualité épistémologique inhérente aux concepts de biodiversité nous permet de conclure sur les faiblesses de la notion de biodiversité relativement à son usage conservationniste.
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Meinard Yves , Mestrallet Julien
Published: December 2015

Les discours sur la gestion de la biodiversité accordent un rôle central à son statut de bien public. Une confusion entre la signification ordinaire de la notion de bien public et sa signification économique technique rend cependant cette idée ambiguë. Les raisonnements formels, non empiriques qui s’appuient sur la notion de bien public en son sens technique sont peu compatibles avec les raisonnements que les sciences biologiques appliquent à la notion de biodiversité. L’analyse de l’applicabilité de la notion de bien public au cas de la biodiversité permet cependant de proposer une définition alternative, dont nous revendiquons le statut interprétatif, provisoire et ouvert à la critique : un bien public est une notion abstraite utilisée pour modeler les débats de façon à promouvoir une certaine pratique collective globale, moralement chargée. Cette théorie pragmatique permet de repenser l’apport des approches économiques pour la gestion de la biodiversité.
Strategies for the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Berger Stuart , Maccalli Emanuele
Published: December 2015

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children and adolescents is a devastating event. Although the true incidence is unclear, the etiologies are not. Strategies for prevention include both primary as well as secondary prevention strategies, and these strategies are not mutually exclusive. From a primary prevention standpoint, many of the episodes of SCA or SCD may occur without any antecedent warning signs and in the absence of an important family history. There are a subset of children and adolescents who may have antecedent warning signs and symptoms such as syncope with exercise, chest pain, and palpitations. This article addresses those symptoms specifically and in more detail to help guide the generalist with regard to a framework of risk stratification. The importance of secondary prevention is also discussed. It is critically important to promote and advocate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) education for everyone, including all students prior to graduation from high school. CPR and AEDs save the lives of children, adolescents, and adults. A society that is able and willing to perform CPR will result in an increase in the incidence of lay-rescuer CPR and will undoubtedly save more lives.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(12):e292–e297.]
Reparations for Children and Youth
Authors: Escolar Sinthya Rubio
Published: December 2015

Violence against children and youth in war causes severe damage to individuals, communities and societies. This chapter aims to demonstrate the importance of reparations for children and youth as a peacebuilding mechanism in the context of transitional justice. On one hand, the chapter seeks to address reparations for children and youth understood as a political project, with a transformative and participatory potential for rebuilding societies and healing the wounds of those who have been affected by armed conflict. On the other hand, the paper attempts to overcome the conception of children and youth as passive victims, providing them with agency to become engaged political members in building peaceful societies. Thus, reparations should position them as subjects of rights, giving them voice as contributors in peacebuilding processes.
Enforcing Central Authority
Authors: Feickert Hauke
Published: December 2015

This article brings together historical and political research in order to give an account of Iraq's recurring authoritarianism. Focusing on the agency of three distinct state elites, it will compare how these networks used cooptation and coercion to dominate their respective political arena. As a part of this, structural aspects like the allurement of the centralized state economic and the aspect of Western assistance in the (re)building of a central authority will join the analysis. However, the article will be primarily concerned with Iraqi politicians, their authorship of authoritarianism, their efforts to build a “modern” nation and their attempts to overrule dissent. The main interest of this inquiry is for the present and recent past: As Iraq has shaken off the oppression of 35 years of dictatorship, the new democratic system has shown to be extremely susceptible for a renewal of the authoritarian tradition.
Reconciliation of Identity Groups in Iraq
Authors: Abdulazeez Nazar Jamil
Published: December 2015

Since the parliamentary elections in 31st April 2014, the political process in Iraq described as a fragile, ethnic tension have mounted and security situation declined tremendously with the rises of Islamic State in Sunni Arab populated areas. Since 10th June 2014, over a million internally displaced people approached Iraqi Kurdistan Region in a two-week time period. More than 300,000 monitories, including Yazidi Kurds and Christians, have fled to Duhok city. Additionally, over 40,000 civilians Yazidis trapped for a week in the mountain of Snjar, running from Islamic State (IS). This text works out measures for accommodating conflicts and claims of Iraqi sectarian groups. In order to explore and assess application of those means in conflict accommodation in Iraq, first, this text analyses the conflict through identifying actors, outlines the structure of the conflict and change in the dynamic of the conflict over the time. Second section of this text, illustrates the means for reconciliation of different identities in the world of politics based on the conflict analysis.
From the Studies of Violences to Memories
Authors: Acuña Yomaira García
Published: December 2015

This paper presents some of the effects of Colombia´s armed conflict in people who were displaced from their territories, and the institutional mechanisms proposed to address this problem. The author studies the cases of El Salado (Bolívar Department) and Nueva Venecia (Department of Magdalena) in a research conducted in these populations after the massacres of the years 2000 by paramilitary groups, and articulates the notions of violence and memories in order to question the current interventions on them in terms of transitional justice.
Criminal Interests within Political Insurgencies
Authors: Palma Oscar
Published: December 2015

Insurgencies are progressive and systematic insurrections with political aims. They are usually aimed at the creation of a new state, the liberation of a nation from foreign intervention, the transformation of the political system, or the imposition of a certain way of life. Whereas this political character sets them apart from common criminals, whose main objective is personal profit; in practice, most insurgencies are a combination of criminal and political interests. Solutions that address political grievances or criminal motivations separately, leaving one of them aside, are highly likely to fail, perpetuating violence. Development-centred counterinsurgency seems to be an ideal framework to confront this type of insurgencies. The case of Colombia is examined to observe achievements, failures and challenges.
A New Method for Synthesis of FeMnO3 Ceramics and its Phase Transformation
Authors: Li Zhi Jie , Wang Shi Fa , Li Bo , Xiang Xia
Published: December 2015

FeMnO3 powders were synthesized through a modified polyacrylamide gel route. The gel and the heat treated final powders have been characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DSC) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase transformation sequence of dry gel during heating is (Mn+3,Fe+3)2O3→(α-Mn2O3)·(α-Fe2O3)→FeMnO3. The thermal expansion properties of as-prepared sample were determined. From 100 to 700 °C, the average coefficient of expansion is 9.0139×10-6 /K. The experimental results demonstrates that the FeMnO3 sample exhibit a ferromagnetic transitions with TN ≈ 40 K.
A Facile Method for Synthesis of CdS/P(St-сo-MMA) Nanorods Composite and Characterization of its Optical Properties
Authors: Jila Asghari , Golshad Khoje
Published: December 2015

Composite of Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticle on the surface of polystyrene- co- maleic anidride (St-co-MMA) were prepared via surfactant free emulsion polymerization. Methylmetacrylate (MMA) was used as auxiliary monomer which co-polymerized with styren (St) and provided the side for coordinating with Cd2+. By the coordination of Cd2+ ions to methyl metacrylate, decoration of the Cd2+ ions on the surface of copolymer were prepared successfully. With the release of S2- ions from the thioacetamide (TAA), CdS was formed on the surface of nanorods copolymer in facile method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of nanocomposite was confirmed the polymerization of monomers. Structure and morphology of CdS nanoparticles have been characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD measurements suggest the cubic structure for CdS and the particles size was estimated to about 3.35 nm by applying Scherrer’s equation. The SEM analysis confirmed the nanorode structure of CdS/ (St-co-MMA) composite. The photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed the quantum confinement effect in the CdS/ (St-co-MMA) nanocomposite. Using effective mass approximation (EMA) method particle sizes were calculated from the shift in optical band gap. The thermal properties of the CdS/ (MMA-co-St) were explored by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The improved thermal stability of nanocomposite was attributed to the interaction of CdS nanoparticles with polymer. The CdS/ (MMA-co-St) nanocomposite exhibited a glass transition temperature around 250◦C.
Synthesis and Optical Characterization of CuO Nanoparticles on Solar Borosilicate Glass
Authors: Ramani Rupeshkumar V. , Ramani Bharat M. , Saparia Anjana D. , Dhruv Davit , Markna J.H.
Published: December 2015

In this communication we report on the optical property of CuO nanoparticles prepared by cost effective, simplistic and environment-friendly sol-gel technique on borosilicate glass by dip coating. The particle size was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) which depicted particle size of CuO ~ 5 nm. To understand the optical behavior of nanosized CuO particles on borosilicate glass tube UV-visible spectrum has been taken. Effective mass model calculations determined the size of particles as 2.26 nm, which supports the TEM analysis. Samples were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) to understand the chemical bond in detail.
Effect of Annealing Atmosphere on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films on Si (100) Substrates Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Tian J.L. , Wang Gui Gen , Zhang Hua Yu
Published: December 2015

ZnO thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates by atomic layer deposition. Annealing treatments for the as-deposited films were performed in nitrogen, oxygen, argon and air at 800 °C, respectively. The influence of annealing atmosphere on the structural and optical properties of the ALD-ZnO thin films was investigated by XRD, SEM, and PL. Results reveals that the films annealed in oxygen atmosphere exhibited excellent crystallinity (polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with a strong (002) preferred crystallographic planes), relatively smooth surface and better luminescence performance, which means that O2 is the most suitable annealing atmosphere for obtaining high quality ALD-ZnO thin films.
Due microlepidotteri nuovi per la fauna d’Italia (Lepidoptera: Glyphipterigidae, Acrolepiinae; Tineidae, Hieroxestinae)
Authors: Bassi Graziano , Nel Jacques
Published: December 2015

Vengono segnalate due specie di microlepidotteri che si aggiungono alla fauna d’Italia: Digitivalva piozae Varenne & Nel, 2014 rinvenuta in Sardegna e Wegneria panchalcella (Staudinger, 1871) rinvenuta in Basilicata.
Vitamin D Status, Bone Mineral Density and Mental Health in Young Australian Women: The Safe-D Study
Authors: Callegari Emma T. , Reavley Nicola , Garland Suzanne M. , Gorelik Alexandra , Wark John D.
Published: December 2015

Background

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with both poor bone health and mental ill-health. More recently, a number of studies have found individuals with depressive symptoms tend to have reduced bone mineral density. To explore the interrelationships between vitamin D status, bone mineral density and mental-ill health we are assessing a range of clinical, behavioural and lifestyle factors in young women (Part A of the Safe-D study).

Design and methods

Part A of the Safe-D study is a cross-sectional study aiming to recruit 468 young females aged 16-25 years living in Victoria, Australia, through Facebook advertising. Participants are required to complete an extensive, online questionnaire, wear an ultra-violet dosimeter for 14 consecutive days and attend a study site visit. Outcome measures include areal bone mineral measures at the lumbar spine, total hip and whole body, as well as soft tissue composition using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Trabecular and cortical volumetric bone density at the tibia is measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Other tests include serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum biochemistry and a range of health markers. Details of mood disorder/s and depressive and anxiety symptoms are obtained by self-report. Cutaneous melanin density is measured by spectrophotometry.

Expected impact

The findings of this cross-sectional study will have implications for health promotion in young women and for clinical care of those with vitamin D deficiency and/or mental ill-health. Optimising both vitamin D status and mental health may protect against poor bone health and fractures in later life.
The perceptions of African women regarding natural menopause in Mamelodi, Tshwane district
Authors: Makuwa Gloria N. , Rikhotso Steppies R. , Mulaudzi Fhumulani M.
Published: December 2015

Background: The majority of South African aging population are women, who spend late adulthood experiencing natural menopause. Despite the government spending billions of rand on different services for ageing women, menopausal challenges to African women still receive little attention.Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of African women regarding natural menopause, in order to propose recommendations for health and social support systems for women in Mamelodi, Tshwane district.Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used to conduct the study. The population of the study consisted of menopausal women, between the ages 45 and 60 years or more, visiting the clinics for collection of chronic medication and othe rhealth assessment. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a semi-structured interview guide to collect data. Tesch’s method of qualitative data analysis was used in the study.Results: The main theme that emerged from the study was ‘attitude toward menopause’, which was supported by cultural beliefs and experience. The African menopausal women expressed the importance of health support systems that will meet their needs within their context.Conclusion: Women’s health programs and educational health information at facilities should include menopausal education to promote and improve health of all African menopausal women during their adulthood. There is a need to establish a women’s health support group network within communities to share menopausal experiences with peers. The training and education curriculum of healthcare providers should include detailed menopause in order to provide comprehensive, congruent care.
Indigenous practices of pregnant women at Dilokong hospital in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Mogawane Mamagoro A. , Mothiba Tebogo M. , Malema Rambelani N.
Published: December 2015

Background: Indigenous practices (IPs) are experiences generated by people who are living in a specific regional context and cultural group. IPs are shaped by cultural traits that are passed from one generation to the next. IPs practices are rooted and embedded in society and, therefore, the practices become part of the people’s lifestyle. It is difficult to try and change these practices as people have adhered to them throughout their entire lives. The believe system plays a major role in health care seeking behaviour of individuals because they are informed by the IPs that are observed in their environment.Objectives: To explore and describe the IPs of pregnant women at Dilokong hospital in Limpopo province.Method: A qualitative, descriptive, explorative and contextual research design was used for the participants to describe the IPs used by pregnant women. Data were collected through unstructured one-on-one interviews.Results: The following four themes with sub-themes emerged from the data: IPs based on ancestral knowledge; IPs based on spiritual diviners versus church principles; restricted practices versus instructions followed during pregnancy; and labour and IPs during labour and delivery.Conclusion: IPs are regarded as an honourable health intervention by traditional health practitioners (THPs), families and pregnant women. IPs like cords around women’s waists are still observed during physical examinations. However, there is a reduction of prescribed indigenous oral medication used to accelerate labour because of their potential toxicity.
The use of biomarkers to study the effects of the mixture of diuron and hexazinone on small and large O. niloticus
Authors: Furio Franco Bernardes Mariana , Maschio Lucilene Regina , Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira Maria Tercília , Alves de Almeida Eduardo
Published: December 2015

Pesticides have made possible a safer and plentiful supply of food; however, the ultimate sink for many of these contaminants is the aquatic environment. We analyzed the commercial mixture Velpar K® WG, which is composed of the pesticides diuron (46.8% m/m) and hexazinone (13.2% m/m), as well as inert ingredients (40.0% m/m). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the herbicide mixture on Oreochromis niloticus of different sizes. To this end, we analyzed biomarkers in small and large O. niloticus exposed to a mixture of herbicides at 125, 250 and 500 ug L-1 for 72h. EROD increased activity in small fish exposed to the herbicide mixture at 250 and 500 ug L-1. The GST activity and levels of the antioxidant enzymes GPx and CAT remained the same in the treated fish, compared with the control. The level of the antioxidant enzyme SOD measured in the fish gills was changed in animals exposed to the herbicide mixture at 250 ug L-1. MDA analysis did not show lipid peroxidation. The comet assay evidenced widespread DNA damage, but the micronucleus test did not show mutagenicity. Hepatosomatic (HSI) analysis did not indicate any alterations in liver morphology. The biomarkers response in the fish depended on the size of the individuals.
Model development of dust emission and heterogeneous chemistry within the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system and its application over East Asia
Authors: Dong X. , Fu J. S. , Huang K. , Tong D.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model has been further developed in terms of simulating natural wind-blown dust in this study, with a series of modifications aimed at improving the model's capability to predict the emission, transport, and chemical reactions of dust aerosols. The default parameterization of threshold friction velocity constants in the CMAQ are revised to avoid double counting of the impact of soil moisture based on the re-analysis of field experiment data; source-dependent speciation profiles for dust emission are derived based on local measurements for the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts in East Asia; and dust heterogeneous chemistry is implemented to simulate the reactions involving dust aerosol. The improved dust module in the CMAQ was applied over East Asia for March and April from 2006 to 2010. Evaluation against observations has demonstrated that simulation bias of PM10 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) is reduced from −55.42 and −31.97 % in the original CMAQ to −16.05 and −22.1 % in the revised CMAQ, respectively. Comparison with observations at the nearby Gobi stations of Duolun and Yulin indicates that applying a source-dependent profile helps reduce simulation bias for trace metals. Implementing heterogeneous chemistry is also found to result in better agreement with observations for sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfate (SO42-), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxides (NOx), and nitrate (NO3-). Investigation of a severe dust storm episode from 19 to 21 March 2010 suggests that the revised CMAQ is capable of capturing the spatial distribution and temporal variations of dust aerosols. Model evaluation indicates potential uncertainties within the excessive soil moisture fraction used by meteorological simulation. The mass contribution of fine mode aerosol in dust emission may be underestimated by 50 %. The revised revised CMAQ provides a useful tool for future studies to investigate the emission, transport, and impact of wind-blown dust over East Asia and elsewhere.
Scenario-based assessment of buildings' damage and population exposure due to earthquake-induced tsunamis for the town of Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Pagnoni G. , Armigliato A. , Tinti S.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Alexandria is the second biggest city in Egypt with regards to population, is a key economic area in northern Africa and has very important tourist activity. Historical records indicate that it was severely affected by a number of tsunami events. In this work we assess the tsunami hazard by running numerical simulations of tsunami impact in Alexandria through the worst-case credible tsunami scenario analysis (WCTSA). We identify three main seismic sources: the western Hellenic Arc (WHA – reference event AD 365, Mw = 8.5), the eastern Hellenic Arc (EHA – reference event 1303, Mw = 8.0) and the Cyprus Arc (CA – hypothetical scenario earthquake with Mw = 8.0), inferred from the tectonic setting and from historical tsunami catalogues. All numerical simulations are carried out in two sea level conditions (mean sea level and maximum high-tide sea level) by means of the code UBO-TSUFD, developed and maintained by the Tsunami Research Team of the University of Bologna. Relevant tsunami metrics are computed for each scenario and then used to build aggregated fields such as the maximum flood depth and the maximum inundation area. We find that the case that produces the most relevant flooding in Alexandria is the EHA scenario, with wave heights up to 4 m. The aggregate fields are used for a building vulnerability assessment according to a methodology developed in the framework of the EU-FP6 project SCHEMA and further refined in this study, based on the adoption of a suitable building damage matrix and on water inundation depth. It is found that in the districts of El Dekhila and Al Amriyah, to the south-west of the port of Dekhila, over 12 000 (13 400 in the case of maximum high tide) buildings could be affected and hundreds of them could sustain damaging consequences, ranging from critical damage to total collapse. It is also found that in the same districts tsunami inundation covers an area of about 15 km2, resulting in more than 150 000 (165 000 in the case of maximum high tide) residents being exposed.
Time-lapse characterization of hydrothermal seawater and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra at Surtsey Volcano
Authors: Jackson M. D. , Gudmundsson M. T. , Bach W. , Cappelletti P. , Coleman N. J. , Ivarsson M. , Jónasson K. , Jørgensen S. L. , Marteinsson V. , McPhie J. , Moore J. G. , Nielson D. , Rhodes J. M. , Rispoli C. , Schiffman P. , Stefánsson A. , Türke A. , Vanorio T. , Weisenberger T. B. , White J. D. L. , Zierenberg R. , Zimanowski B.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. A new International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project will drill through the 50-year-old edifice of Surtsey Volcano, the youngest of the Vestmannaeyjar Islands along the south coast of Iceland, to perform interdisciplinary time-lapse investigations of hydrothermal and microbial interactions with basaltic tephra. The volcano, created in 1963–1967 by submarine and subaerial basaltic eruptions, was first drilled in 1979. In October 2014, a workshop funded by the ICDP convened 24 scientists from 10 countries for 3 and a half days on Heimaey Island to develop scientific objectives, site the drill holes, and organize logistical support. Representatives of the Surtsey Research Society and Environment Agency of Iceland also participated. Scientific themes focus on further determinations of the structure and eruptive processes of the type locality of Surtseyan volcanism, descriptions of changes in fluid geochemistry and microbial colonization of the subterrestrial deposits since drilling 35 years ago, and monitoring the evolution of hydrothermal and biological processes within the tephra deposits far into the future through the installation of a Surtsey subsurface observatory. The tephra deposits provide a geologic analog for developing specialty concretes with pyroclastic rock and evaluating their long-term performance under diverse hydrothermal conditions. Abstracts of research projects are posted at http://surtsey.icdp-online.org.
Health, Ageing Migrants and Care Strategies
Authors: Bäckström B.
Published: December 2015

This article is the result of a study that seeks to understand the relationship between socio-economic conditions, health and active ageing. We identified the activities related to active ageing in relation to health, the strategies used in active ageing and their determinants. We chose a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews and data processing that consisted of thematic content analysis in interviews. We carried out this analysis in two socio-economic groups of elderly Cape Verdean men and women in both groups making up a total of 22 cases. The socio-economic group interferes directly in the affairs of active ageing rather than health issues. In the higher socio-economic group, status determines active ageing rather than health issues. It is evident that in the group with lower socio-economic conditions, the latter act in parallel with health conditions and both determine activities developed by older people.
Kauno kolegijos medicinos fakulteto merginų deginimosi įpročiai bei apsauga nuo ultravioletinės spinduliuotės
Authors: Kirvaitienė Jolita , Maželienė Žaneta , Vaičiulevičienė Albina
Published: December 2015

Lietuvoje kasmet diagnozuojama apie 1800 naujų odos piktybinių navikų atvejų, 2011 m. užfiksuotas 351 atvejis odos melanomos, iš jų 230 moterims, taip pat kitų odos piktybinių navikų – 2484 atvejai, kurių paplitimo tendencija dažnesnė tarp vyresnio amžiaus žmonių – tarp moterų dažniau, negu vyrų. Priežastys, sąlygojančios odos piktybinių navikų vystymąsi – ultravioletinės spinduliuotės (UV) poveikis odai bei tam tikras žmogaus odos pigmentinis tipas. Neatsakingas elgesys deginantis jaunystėje gali atsiliepti pasekmėmis vyresniame amžiuje dėl spindulių dozės, kuri kaupiasi per visą gyvenimą. Moksliniais tyrimais įrodyta, kad jaunų žmonių žinios apie ultravioletinės spinduliuotės poveikį sveikatai formuoja saugią deginimosi elgseną. Tyrimo tikslas: įvertinti Kauno kolegijos Medicinos fakulteto merginų deginimosi įpročius - apsaugos priemonių nuo natūralios ultravioletinės spinduliuotės naudojimą. Anketinėje apklausoje dalyvavo 562 Kauno kolegijos Medicinos fakulteto studentės. Analizuojant apklausos duomenis nustatyta, kad dažniausios merginų deginimosi priežastys yra susijusios su įvaizdžiu: merginos mano, kad įdegusi oda atrodo madingai, gražiai, jaunai, patraukliai, seksualiai, drovisi baltos odos spalvos vasaros metu. Apsaugos nuo ultravioletinės spinduliuotės priemones su UV filtrais naudoja kiek daugiau nei pusė respondenčių, stengiasi rengtis lengvais kūną dengiančiais rūbais, nešioja galvos apdangalus, pavėsyje stengiasi laiką leisti trys ketvirtadaliai merginų. Dauguma merginų teigia, kad tamsūs akiniai nuo saulės patikima apsauga akims, tačiau tik pusė respondenčių visada/dažnai perka akinius specializuotose akinių parduotuvėse.I-II odos tipą turinčios merginos dažniau buvo nudegusios su paraudimu/ pūslėmis daugiau nei 3 kartus per metus. Jautresnę odą turinčios I-II odos tipo respondentės ne tik naudoja intensyvesnes apsaugos nuo saulės skleidžiamos ultravioletinės spinduliuotės priemones, bet ir riboja buvimo saulėje laiką. Trečdalis I-II odos tipo merginų vengia saulės spindulių, dauguma I-II odos tipo merginų visada/dažnai rengiasi apsaugančiais odą rūbais, galvos apdangalą visada stengiasi nešioti trečdalis respondenčių.
Klasikinio masažo ir elektrostimuliacijos poveikis brandžiai veido odai
Authors: Juozapavičienė Jolanta , Grūnovas Albinas , Trinkūnas Eugenijus , Vaikšnorienė Vaiva , Mickienė Žaneta
Published: December 2015

Oda – organas, užtikrinantis apsaugą nuo išorės poveikio ir išlaikantis reikiamą organizmo skysčių balansą. Oda sensta kartu su visu organizmu. Senstančios odos koregavimui plačiai naudojamas masažas, įvairūs pilingai, injekcinės procedūros, aparatinės metodikos. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti elektrostimuliacijos ir klasikinio masažo poveikį brandžiai veido odai. Tyrime dalyvavo šešios 40-50 metų moterys. Visos tiriamosios atsitiktinai buvo suskirstytos į dvi grupes, kurioms buvo taikomos skirtingos veido odos poveikio priemonės: trims klasikinis veido masažas (KM grupė), kitoms trims tiriamosioms – audinių elektrostimuliacija (ES grupė). Tiriamųjų odos būklė buvo vertinama ,,Skin Analyzer Soft plus“ aparatu, audinių deguonies įsotinimas ir kraujotaka buvo registruojama neinvaziniu artimosios infraraudonosios spektroskopijos būdu. Atlikus skirtingas veido odos stimuliacijas – elektrostimuliaciją ir klasikinį veido masažą, nustatyta: klasikinis veido masažas pagerino veido odos drėgmę U zonoje, veido odos riebumas padidėjo visoms tiriamosioms. Raukšlių gylis visoms tiriamosioms kaktos zonoje sumažėjo, jų plotis padidėjo, o raukšlių gylis akių zonoje nepakito, tačiau jų plotis šioje zonoje padidėjo. Arterinė audinių kraujotaka po masažo procedūrų reikšmingai pagerėjo tik vienai tiriamajai. Elektrostimuliacija reikšmingai padidino veido audinių kraujotaką visoms tiriamosioms. Klasikinis veido masažas reikšmingai pagerino deguonies įsisavinimą tik vienai tiriamajai. Vertinant deguonies įsisavinimo kaitą elektrostimuliacijos poveikyje, užfiksuotas reikšmingas deguonies įsisavinimo sumažėjimas dviem tiriamosioms po atliktų procedūrų.
Čiurnos mobilumo įtaka vidutinio ir vyresnio amžiaus žmonių pusiausvyrai
Authors: Zachovajevienė Brigita , Zachovajevas Pavelas
Published: December 2015

Tyrimo metu buvo vertinama čiurnos sąnarių judesių amplitudė, statinė ir dinaminė pusiausvyra vyresnio ir vidutinio amžiaus žmonių grupėse prieš ir po čiurnos sąnarių mobilizacijos ir blauzdos tempimo procedūros. Tiriamųjų kontingentą sudarė 61 tiriamasis. Tiriamieji pagal amžių buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes: vidutinio ir vyresnio amžiaus. Vidutinio amžiaus grupę sudarė 30 asmenų, kurių amžiaus vidurkis buvo 54,63±2,61 metai. Vyresnio amžiaus grupę sudarė 31 asmuo, kurių amžiaus vidurkis 65,39±3,8 metai. Tyrimo metodai. Pasyviai čiurnos sąnarių judesių amplitudei vertinti – goniometrija. Statinei pusiausvyrai vertinti – pusiausvyros platforma ,,Sigma balance pad“ bei funkcinis siekimo testas. Dinaminei pusiausvyrai vertinti - ,,Stotis ir eiti“ testas. Tyrimo duomenys apdoroti kompiuterine programa SPSS 21.0. Rezultatai ir išvados. Įvertinus čiurnos judesių amplitudę po čiurnos sąnarių ir blauzdos minkštųjų audinių mobilizacijos nustatytas statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas lyginant grupes tarpusavyje (p<0,05). Įvertinus dinaminę pusiausvyrą po čiurnos sąnarių ir blauzdos minkštųjų audinių mobilizacijos nustatytas statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas lyginant grupes tarpusavyje. Po čiurnos sąnario mobilizacijos bei blauzdos raumenų tempimo procedūros čiurnos sąnarių judesių amplitudės vidutinio ir vyresnio amžiaus grupėse reikšmingai pagerėjo (p<0,05). Po čiurnos sąnario mobilizacijos bei blauzdos raumenų tempimo procedūros statinė ir dinaminė pusiausvyra vidutinio ir vyresnio amžiaus grupėse reikšmingai pagerėjo (p<0,05). Čiurnos sąnarių ir blauzdos minkštųjų audinių mobilizacija daro didesnę įtaką vidutinio amžiaus žmonių čiurnos sąnario judesių amplitudei ir dinaminei pusiausvyrai nei vyresnio amžiaus žmonių grupei (p<0,05). Statinės pusiausvyros pokyčiai amžiaus aspektu prieš ir po mobilizacijos taikymo nesiskyrė (p>0,05).
Būsimų socialinių darbuotojų nuostatos į savanorišką veiklą: Lietuvos ir Suomijos patirtis
Authors: Kupčikienė Ilona , Stasiūnaitienė Eglė , Palažijūtė Sandra
Published: December 2015

Šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama savanoriškos veiklos praktikai, kuri sudaro galimybes sustiprinti turimus ir įgyti naujų socialinių gebėjimų, aktyviai dalyvauti visuomeninio gyvenimo veiklose. Dalyvavimo savanoriškoje veikloje pasirinkimą sąlygoja asmens turima patirtis bei asmeninės nuostatos. Straipsnyje analizuojama nuostatos samprata, apibūdinama savanoriška veikla socialinio darbo kontekste. Straipsnio turinyje nagrinėjamos būsimų socialinių darbuotojų nuostatos į savanorišką veiklą remiantis nuostatos kognityviniu, emociniu ir elgesio komponentais, lyginama respondentų iš Lietuvos ir Suomijos patirtis. Empirinio tyrimo metu nuostatos tyrinėjamos žvelgiant iš kognityvinio (pažintinio), afektinio (emocinio) ir elgesio komponentų perspektyvos. Kognityvinis komponentas – tai nuomonės, įsitikinimai, kurių laikomasi tam tikrų žmonių ir dalykų atžvilgiu. Afektinis komponentas apima malonias arba nemalonias emocijas, susijusias su įsitikinimais. Jos suteikia nuostatai emocinį atspalvį ir nulemia veiksmą, kurį ketiname įvykdyti. Šis veiksmas ir yra nuostatos elgesio komponentas, kuris sąlygoja asmens reakciją, atitinkančią jo įsitikinimus ir išgyvenimus. Pažinimo komponentai susideda iš asmens žinių apie nuostatos objektą. Žinios, informacija yra vienas iš nuostatas formuojančių veiksnių. Informacijos pateikimas apie nuostatos objektą keičia jo suvokimą, interpretaciją. Nuostatos pažinimo komponentas neatsiejamas nuo jausminės srities. Emocinis nuostatos komponentas gali skatinti arba slopinti pažintinės informacijos priėmimą ir, atvirkščiai, žinios turi įtakos emociniam komponentui. Platesnė, išsamesnė informacija mažina stereotipinių nuostatų formavimąsi.
Panevėžio miesto gydytojų požiūris į farmacijos specialisto ir gydytojo bendradarbiavimą
Authors: Palšauskas Gytis , Daukšienė Jurgita , Kizevičienė Edita , Gaurylienė Romualda
Published: December 2015

Tarpprofesinis bendradarbiavimas yra bendravimo ir sprendimų priėmimo procesas, siekiant bendro tikslo. Pagrindinis bendradarbiavimo medicinoje tikslas yra kuo geriau patenkinti pacientų gerovės bei sveikatos poreikius. Gydytojų ir farmacijos specialistų bendradarbiavimas pacientų gerovei – esminė diegiamos farmacinės rūpybos sąlyga. Todėl be galo svarbu žinoti esamą sveikatinimo specialistų bendradarbiavimo būklę. Šio mokslinio tyrimo tikslas - išsiaiškinti Panevėžio miesto farmacijos specialistų ir gydytojų bendradarbiavimo ypatumus. Tyrimui atlikti pasirinktas kiekybinis struktūrizuotas apklausos metodas. Empirinis tyrimas „Farmacijos specialisto ir gydytojo bendradarbiavimas“ buvo vykdomas Panevėžyje nuo 2014-03-01 iki 2014- 05-16. Apklausos anketos pateko į 6-ių Panevėžio miesto klinikų ir 2-jų poliklinikų gydytojų rankas. Išanalizavus gautus rezultatus paaiškėjo gydytojų požiūris į tarpprofesinį bendradarbiavimą tarp farmacijos specialistų ir gydytojų kaip į neatsiejamą sveikatos priežiūros dalį. Tačiau Panevėžio miesto gydytojų tarpprofesinio bendradarbiavimo patirtis silpna. Farmacijos specialisto poreikį kasdienėje praktikoje gydytojai įvertino patenkinamai.
Indicación de la situación hermenéutica que envuelve la filosofía platónica
Authors: Rojas Jiménez Alejandro
Published: December 2015

Análisis de distintas situaciones hermenéuticas desde las que se ha leído a Platón, en busca de una lectura de Platón plegada a los textos salvada de las reformulaciones y esquemas con los que la tradición le ha ido dando forma a Aristocles hasta que éste se ha desvanecido en el juego de máscaras que él mismo inició, desapareciendo el personaje histórico (y los intereses y preocupaciones de su realidad vital) y tomando forma el Platón de la tradición occidental. No se busca desde luego en este trabajo restaurar a un Platón original e incontaminado, sino indicar la situación hermenéutica desde la cual nuestra situación actual nos permite una interpretación posible de los diálogos platónicos -digamos parafraseando a Ortega- a la altura de nuestro tiempo.
La crítica de Plotino a la concepción aristotélica del tiempo en "En". III 7
Authors: Martin de Blassi Fernando G.
Published: December 2015

El presente trabajo intenta mostrar de qué manera Plotino refuta la noción aristotélica del tiempo como «número» o «medida del movimiento», cuáles son las aporías que plantea, cómo las compulsa con sus propios argumentos y qué soluciones propone con respecto a esa misma confrontación. Todo esto será encauzado a partir de un estudio descriptivo y analítico, acompañado de una lectura a la vez hermenéutica y crítica de los textos seleccionados para esta ocasión.
El pensamiento político de José Ortega y Gasset
Authors: De Haro Honrubia Alejandro
Published: December 2015

Las siguientes páginas versan sobre el pensamiento político de José Ortega y Gasset, mostrando –entre otras cosas– su evolución desde lo que sería el neokantismo de mocedad de Ortega hasta su madurez. Para cumplir con nuestro objetivo se ha recurrido a los escritos de Ortega, así como a autores especializados en su pensamiento. La historia del pensamiento político contemporáneo tiene una deuda contraída con Ortega que desde sus primeros escritos manifestó un claro interés por la política concebida ésta como pedagogía social y cuyo fin debía ser, en primer lugar, solventar los problemas de la vida pública nacional. El pensamiento político de Ortega se define asimismo por la defensa de los valores liberales (liberalismo) compatibles con los principios socialistas (socialismo), que en una primera época de juventud idealista neokantiana adquieren un significado eminentemente cultural aunque también moral, que no se perderá completamente en su madurez o época de plenitud vital, aunque bien es verdad que aquellos dos conceptos (liberalismo y socialismo), así como también su idea de democracia, irán respondiendo a la evolución de su pensamiento.
Una mirada científico-teórica al quehacer de la Propaganda Indirecta en el medio radiofónico
Authors: Hernández Yennys , Fonseca Beatriz , Douglas Carolina
Published: December 2015

A partir del triunfo de la Revolución Cubana las acciones de propaganda indirecta devinieron ejercicio profesional dentro de la gama de acciones de los medios de comunicación masivos, asociados a la construcción y afianzamiento de la ideología socialista imperante en nuestro país y al mismo tiempo, aferrados a los preceptos de la comunicación política.Este factor ha influido en que esta tipología comunicativa en la emisora Radio Vitral de Sancti Spíritus constituya un quehacer imprescindible en los mensajes, lo cual se convirtió en punto de partida para, mediante una metodología de corte cualitativo y con los merecidos referentes teóricos, realizar un diagnóstico de cada una de las particularidades, dígase categoría, subcategorías e indicadores de la propaganda indirecta en este medio de comunicación del centro de Cuba, lo cual sirvió de soporte para la validación teórico metodológica de este instrumento evaluador.Asimismo, con los resultados analizados en el diagnóstico de la propaganda indirecta se determinó que se carecía, a diferencia de la creación directa, de herramientas para evaluar la eficacia de los mensajes comunicativos, acordes con las características propias del sistema radiofónico, lo cual devino motivo para proponer una herramienta científica y teórico metodológica que permita evaluar el quehacer propagandístico indirecto en el medio radiofónico, que des las miradas de las mediaciones sociales y la recepción activa garantice su aplicación en cada una de las emisoras cubanas.
Microbiological quality of smear-ripened cheeses stored in different temperature regimes
Authors: Cwiková Olga
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this work was to study smear-ripened cheese, especially its microbiological quality. Samples were stored in different temperature conditions. The first group (A) of samples was stored in a refrigerator at 6 °C. The second group (B) of samples was stored at 6 °C for 21 days, next at -18 °C for 7 days and 7 days at 6 °C. The third group (C) of samples was stored  at  6 °C before the date of minimum durability, next 7 weeks at -18 °C and after that at 6 °C for 7 days. I have observed  lactic  acid  bacteria, Brevibacterium  linens, coliforms,  psychrotrophic  organisms, Escherichia  coli, moulds  and yeast. The number of Brevibacterium linens was higher (p <0.05) at cool ing/freezing for 1 week (log CFU.g-1) than cooling (log CFU.g-1) and cooling/freezing for 7 weeks after 35 days. A higher (p <0.05) number of psychrotrophic microorganisms was recorded at the end of the monitoring in samples stored in a refrigerator (A/49) in comparison with cheeses stored using cooling/freezing  regime  for  one  week  (B/49). Among  the  samples  stored  at  these  temperature  regimes,  there  were  no statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in the numbers of LAB, coliforms, E. coli, moulds and yeast, neither at the end of the DMD nor at storage for 49 or 91 days, respectively.
Mycobiota of Slovak wine grapes with emphasis on Aspergillus and Penicillium species in the small carpathian area
Authors: Felšöciová Soňa , Tančinová Dana , Rybárik Ľubomí­r , Mašková Zuzana , Kačániova Miroslava
Published: December 2015

The Slovak wine-growing region is divided into six viticulture areas. The largest in size and the most important over the centuries has been the Small Carpathian area (around 5800 ha of vineyards) spreads in the western of Slovakia. The objectives of this study were: to gain more knowledge about mycobiota on grapes originating from Slovakia, with a focus on genera Aspergillus and Penicillium and their ability to produce mycotoxins in in vitro conditions by thin layer chromatography method. From the twelve vineyards were collected 14 samples of wine grapes (white 6, blue 8) during harvesting 2011, 2012 and 2013. Fifty wine grapes per bunch (approximately 7-8 berries per plate) that showed no symptoms were randomly selected on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar medium. The plates were then incubated aerobically at 25 ±1 °C for 5 to 7 days in the dark. Of these samples were identified 22 genera. Ninety-three percent of samples were colonies by the genus Penicillium and 79% by the genus Aspergillus. During the survey, 251 isolates belonging to 14 Penicillium species (P. aurantiogriseum, P. citrinum, P. coprophylum, P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. funiculosum, P. glabrum, P. griseofulvum, P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum, P. purpurogenum, P. roqueforti and P. thomii) and 37 isolates belonging to 7 Aspergillus species (A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. section Nigri, A. ostianus, A. parasiticus, A. versicolor and A. westerdijkiae) were isolated and identified from exogenous contamination. The main occurring penicillium species of the samples were P. chrysogenum (36% Fr), followed P. crustosum (29% Fr), P. griseofulvum (21% Fr) and P. expansum (21% Fr). The main occurring aspergillus species of the samples were A. section Nigri (64%). Thirteen potentially toxigenic species were tested for their toxigenic ability. It was confirmed the production of various mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1, G1, citrinin, griseofulvin, patulin, cyclopiazonic acid, penitrem A, roquefortin C and sterigmatocystin. Out of 124 strains, 84% produced at least one mycotoxin.