bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An ATR-PrimPol pathway confers tolerance to oncogenic KRAS-induced and heterochromatin-associated replication stress
Authors: Igarashi Taichi , Mazevet Marianne , Yasuhara Takaaki , Yano Kimiyoshi , Mochizuki Akifumi , Nishino Makoto , Yoshida Tatsuya , Yoshida Yukihiro , Takamatsu Nobuhiko , Yoshimi Akihide , Shiraishi Kouya , Horinouchi Hidehito , Kohno Takashi , Hamamoto Ryuji , Adachi Jun , Zou Lee , Shiotani Bunsyo
Published: August 2023

Activation of the KRAS oncogene is a source of replication stress, but how this stress is generated and how it is tolerated by cancer cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that induction of KRASG12V expression in untransformed cells triggers H3K27me3 and HP1-associated chromatin compaction in an RNA transcription dependent manner, resulting in replication fork slowing and cell death. Furthermore, elevated ATR expression is necessary and sufficient for tolerance of KRASG12V-induced replication stress to expand replication stress-tolerant cells (RSTCs). PrimPol is phosphorylated at Ser255, a potential Chk1 substrate site, under KRASG12V-induced replication stress and promotes repriming to maintain fork progression and cell survival in an ATR/Chk1-dependent manner. However, ssDNA gaps are generated at heterochromatin by PrimPol-dependent repriming, leading to genomic instability. These results reveal a role of ATR-PrimPol in enabling precancerous cells to survive KRAS-induced replication stress and expand clonally with accumulation of genomic instability.
The respective activation and silencing of striatal direct and indirect pathway neurons support behavior encoding
Authors: Varin Christophe , Cornil Amandine , Houtteman Delphine , Bonnavion Patricia , de Kerchove d’Exaerde Alban
Published: August 2023

The basal ganglia are known to control actions and modulate movements. Neuronal activity in the two efferent pathways of the dorsal striatum is critical for appropriate behavioral control. Previous evidence has led to divergent conclusions on the respective engagement of both pathways during actions. Using calcium imaging to evaluate how neurons in the direct and indirect pathways encode behaviors during self-paced spontaneous explorations in an open field, we observed that the two striatal pathways exhibit distinct tuning properties. Supervised learning algorithms revealed that direct pathway neurons encode behaviors through their activation, whereas indirect pathway neurons exhibit behavior-specific silencing. These properties remain stable for weeks. Our findings highlight a complementary encoding of behaviors with congruent activations in the direct pathway encoding multiple accessible behaviors in a given context, and in the indirect pathway encoding the suppression of competing behaviors. This model reconciles previous conflicting conclusions on motor encoding in the striatum.
Elucidation of the low-expressing erythroid CR1 phenotype by bioinformatic mining of the GATA1-driven blood-group regulome
Authors: Wu Ping Chun , Lee Yan Quan , Möller Mattias , Storry Jill R. , Olsson Martin L.
Published: August 2023

Genetic determinants underlying most human blood groups are now clarified but variation in expression levels remains largely unexplored. By developing a bioinformatics pipeline analyzing GATA1/Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) datasets, we identify 193 potential regulatory sites in 33 blood-group genes. As proof-of-concept, we aimed to delineate the low-expressing complement receptor 1 (CR1) Helgeson phenotype on erythrocytes, which is correlated with several diseases and protects against severe malaria. We demonstrate that two candidate CR1 enhancer motifs in intron 4 bind GATA1 and drive transcription. Both are functionally abolished by naturally-occurring SNVs. Erythrocyte CR1-mRNA and CR1 levels correlate dose-dependently with genotype of one SNV (rs11117991) in two healthy donor cohorts. Haplotype analysis of rs11117991 with previously proposed markers for Helgeson shows high linkage disequilibrium in Europeans but explains the poor prediction reported for Africans. These data resolve the longstanding debate on the genetic basis of inherited low CR1 and form a systematic starting point to investigate the blood group regulome.
Cell-specific and shared regulatory elements control a multigene locus active in mammary and salivary glands
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Willi Michaela , Liu Chengyu , Hennighausen Lothar
Published: August 2023

Regulation of high-density loci harboring genes with different cell-specificities remains a puzzle. Here we investigate a locus that evolved through gene duplication and contains eight genes and 20 candidate regulatory elements, including one super-enhancer.Caseingenes (Csn1s1,Csn2,Csn1s2a,Csn1s2b,Csn3) are expressed in mammary glands, induced 10,000-fold during pregnancy and account for 50% of mRNAs during lactation,Prr27andFdcspare salivary-specific andOdamhas dual specificity. We probed the function of 12 candidate regulatory elements, individually and in combination, in the mouse genome. The super-enhancer is essential for the expression ofCsn3, Csn1s2b,OdamandFdcspbut largely dispensable forCsn1s1,Csn2andCsn1s2a.Csn3activation also requires its own local enhancer. Synergism between local enhancers and cytokine-responsive promoter elements facilitates activation ofCsn2during pregnancy. Our work identifies the regulatory complexity of a multigene locus with an ancestral super-enhancer active in mammary and salivary tissue and local enhancers and promoter elements unique to mammary tissue.
Predictive signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis isolates in Northern Ghana
Authors: Weyori Enoch Weikem , Abubakari Braimah Baba , Nkrumah Bernard , Abdul-Karim Abass , Abiwu Hilarius Asiwome Kosi , Kuugbee Eugene Dogkotenge , Yidana Adadow , Ziblim Shamsu-Deen , Nuertey Benjamin , Weyori Benjamin Asubam , Yakubu Etowi Boye , Azure Stebleson , Koyiri Valentine Cheba , Adatsi Richard Kujo
Published: August 2023

Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) is a public health burden in Ghana that causes up to 10% mortality in confirmed cases annually. About 20% of those who survive the infection suffer permanent sequelae. The study sought to understand the predictive signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis implicated in its outcomes. Retrospective data from the Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service on bacterial meningitis from 2015 to 2019 was used for this study. A pre-tested data extraction form was used to collect patients’ information from case-based forms kept at the Disease Control Unit from 2015 to 2019. Data were transcribed from the case-based forms into a pre-designed Microsoft Excel template. The data was cleaned and imported into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 2446 suspected bacterial meningitis cases were included in the study. Out of these, 842 (34.4%) were confirmed. Among the confirmed cases, males constituted majority with 55.3% of the cases. Children below 14 years of age were most affected (51.4%). The pathogens commonly responsible for bacterial meningitis were Neisseria meningitidis (43.7%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (53.0%) with their respective strains Nm W135 (36.7%), Nm X (5.1%), Spn St. 1 (26.2%), and Spn St. 12F/12A/12B/44/4 (5.3%) accounting for more than 70.0% of the confirmed cases. The presence of neck stiffness (AOR = 1.244; C.I 1.026–1.508), convulsion (AOR = 1.338; C.I 1.083–1.652), altered consciousness (AOR = 1.516; C.I 1.225–1.876), and abdominal pains (AOR = 1.404; C.I 1.011–1.949) or any of these signs and symptoms poses a higher risk for testing positive for bacterial meningitis adjusting for age. Patients presenting one and/or more of these signs and symptoms (neck stiffness, convulsion, altered consciousness, and abdominal pain) have a higher risk of testing positive for bacterial meningitis after statistically adjusting for age.
A sensitive and facile electrochemical paper-based sensor for glucose detection in whole blood using the Pd/CB-Ni@rGO modified electrode
Authors: Math Chim , Income Kamolwich , Khachornsakkul Kawin , Duenchay Paweenar , Dungchai Wijitar
Published: August 2023

We created novel Pd/CB-Ni@rGO nanomaterials for glucose detection.
Slow relaxation of the magnetization in two cobalt(iii)/cobalt(ii) dimers
Authors: Sarkar Rabi Sankar , Gómez-García Carlos J. , Drew Michael G. B. , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: August 2023

The magnetic properties of two CoIIICoII dimers with the CoIIIO2CoII cores show a field-induced slow relaxation of the magnetization following Direct, Orbach and Raman mechanisms.
Stochastic assembly of biomacromolecular complexes: impact and implications on charge interpretation in native mass spectrometry
Authors: Yin Victor , Devine Paul W. A. , Saunders Janet C. , Barendregt Arjan , Cusdin Fiona , Ristani Alexandra , Hines Alistair , Shepherd Sam , Dembek Marcin , Dobson Claire L. , Snijder Joost , Bond Nicholas J. , Heck Albert J. R.
Published: August 2023

An interpretative framework for analyzing by spectral simulations high resolution native mass spectra of protein assemblies is proposed. It reveals that the spectral appearances of heterogeneous assemblies can be misleadingly simple.
L’éducation environnementale et les enjeux scientifiques de l’apprentissage des sciences physiques : recherche sur l’évolution de l’intérêt des apprenants
Authors: El Azzouzi Abdelwahab , Elachqar Abdelrhani , Kaddar Fatiha
Published: August 2023

Dans ce travail, nous étudions la place et l’importance de l’éducation environnementale (EE) dans l’enseignement secondaire marocain en mettant l’accent sur l’apprentissage des sciences physiques. Cette étude est réalisée dans le cadre d’une approche interdisciplinaire pour la mise en oeuvre de la relation entre l’intérêt des apprenants, les sciences physiques, l’EE et les mathématiques. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’étudier l’évolution de l’intérêt des apprenants pour les sciences physiques en examinant le rôle de l’EE et les mathématiques en tant que contextes scientifiques importants dans l’apprentissage de la discipline. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons mené une étude empirique auprès des apprenants de la région de Fès-Meknès, Maroc. Les résultats ont montré que l’exploration de l’EE et la mathématisation des sciences physiques peut développer un intérêt non seulement pour la discipline mais aussi pour le domaine scientifique en général ainsi qu’un apprenant porte plus d’un intérêt aux sciences physiques, plus cela influencerait favorablement sa compréhension pour la discipline. L’étude a révélé aussi que le degré de préférence et le degré de facilité des sciences physiques en particulier dans la modélisation mathématique des systèmes environnementaux donnent aux apprenants une motivation pour apprendre la discipline et partant des carrières scientifiques dans leur ultérieure vie.
Énergie et numérique : coût énergétique du changement social. Étude qualitative par entretien
Authors: Boualou El arabi , Zahi Farid
Published: August 2023

Dans un contexte international pris par la question climatique et écologique, et caractérisé par une conjoncture géopolitique sans précédente, l’enjeu de la consommation et de la dépendance énergétique a pris le flotteur à la surface dans le secteur de l’énergie en croissance au Maroc. Dans ce pays, l’accès à l’électricité a connu un développement rapide dans le milieu rural, grâce aux efforts déployés par l’Etat. À fin de contribuer à une meilleure exploitation de cette énergie, cet article explore le rapport des familles rurales à l’électricité à travers l’usage des appareils numériques domestiques par le biais de l’entretien biographique compréhensif. Les entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de familles résidant des trois villes du sud-est du Maroc durant trois mois (mai, juin et juillet 2022). Une analyse de contenu a été appliquée pour analyser les données collectées. Les résultats obtenus montrent que malgré que l’exploitation de l’énergie électrique a contribué à un changement social considérable qu’a touché le statut de la femme et des enfants, des pratiques irrationnelle de gaspillage ont besoin encore de compagnes de sensibilisation, et la nécessité urgente d’une charte nationale de l’énergie garantissant l’engagement des professionnels et des particuliers dans une stratégie nationale en vue d’économiser l’exploitation de cette énergie dans ce moment historique cruciale.
Les conditions de vie au travail : un défi majeur pour la gestion des risques psychosociaux en entreprise
Authors: Charroud Soukaina , Errabih Zakia , Bourekkadi Salmane
Published: August 2023

De nos jours, le Maroc a mobilisé plusieurs efforts dans le cadre de l’engagement sociétale des entreprises, afin d’introduire des nouvelles préoccupations dans le fonctionnement quotidien de ces dernières. Certes, l’importance donnée aux risques psychosociaux reste encore largement sous-estimée et sous étudiée, laissant de nombreux employés exposés à des conditions de travail préjudiciables pour leur santé mentale, sans aucune stratégie ou règlement qui encadrent ces types de risques au sein de l’organisation. Des environnements de travail stressants, trop de tâches à accomplir avec des conditions physiques défavorables tels que les espaces de travail mal entretenus, mesures de sécurité inappropriées, bruit excessif, etc. Tous ces facteurs peuvent entrainer des problèmes psychosociaux comme le stress, l’anxiété et l’épuisement professionnel. Ce présent article examine les effets d’un mauvais environnement de travail comme facteur de détérioration de la santé et de bien-être psychosocial des salariés. La question qui se pose : comment l’amélioration des conditions de vie au travail peut-elle contribuer à réduire les RPS en entreprise ? Pour y répondre, une expérience incluant la distribution d’un questionnaire a été conduite, adressée aux cent-cinquante employés travaillant dans des entreprises industrielles région de Larache, Maroc. Les réponses collectées montrent que la santé psychosociale de plus de quatre-vingt pourcent des enquêtés est impactée directement par les conditions de vie au travail. Ces résultats indiquent qu’une bonne gestion sociétale responsable de l’espace professionnel est nécessaire afin d’améliorer le bien-être des collaborateurs et de réduire les RPS au sein des organisations.
Autologe und allogene Serumaugentropfen (SAT) beim schweren
Sicca-Syndrom
Authors: Wurlitzer Grit , Sievert Uwe
Published: August 2023

Beim schweren Sicca-Syndrom haben sich zur Linderung der Symptome und zur
Förderung der Heilung autologe Serum-Augentropfen (SAT) bewährt.
Für Patienten, die nicht spenden können, stellt der
DRK-Blutspendedienst Chemnitz seit 2021 auch allogene SAT her. In Bezug auf
Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit sind allogene SAT den autologen
Präparaten ebenbürtig. Bei beiden ist die richtige Indikation
entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Therapie.

SAT können in einem relativ einfachen Verfahren hergestellt werden.
Allerdings ist der gesamte Arbeitsablauf – von der Verschreibung durch
den Augenarzt bis zum Zeitpunkt, an dem der Patient die Augentropfen
erhält – komplex. Sowohl für den Hersteller als auch
für die oft sehbehinderten Patienten gibt es viele Hürden zu
überwinden. Anwendung, Blutspende, Abgabe, Herstellung und Lieferung
müssen gut aufeinander abgestimmt sein, damit am Ende für alle
Beteiligten hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielt werden können.
Compact, portable, automatic sample changer stick for cryostats and closed-cycle refrigerators
Authors: Vong Daniel , Novak Eric C. , Ruiz-Rodriguez Mariano M. , Elorfi Saad R. , Thomas Benjamin , Morris Amanda J. , Moulé Adam J. , Daemen Luke L.
Published: August 2023

Beamlines are facilities that produce and deliver highly focused and intense beams of radiation, typically x rays, synchrotron radiation, or neutrons, for scientific research purposes. Millions of dollars are spent annually to maintain and operate these scientific beamlines, oftentimes running continuously between cycles. To reduce human intervention and improve productivity, mechanical sample changers are often commissioned for use. Designing sample changers is difficult because mechanical parts can be bulky, expensive, and challenging to design for instruments with low volume access, high radiation, and cryogenic environments. We present a portable and inexpensive sample changer stick that can hold and manipulate up to four samples, specifically designed for use with cryogenic closed-cycle refrigerators. The sample changer stick enables rapid and efficient exchange of samples without manual intervention, and is compatible with standard sample mounts such as vanadium cans. The sample changer stick includes a motorized rotation and lancing mechanism, which enables the precise positioning of each sample in the neutron beam, while ensuring compatibility with the operating temperatures and vacuum conditions required for closed-cycle refrigerators. The design has been successfully tested at the VISION beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source. The mechanical action and software controls are detailed. The sample changer stick is a valuable tool for scientists working with cryogenic closed-cycle refrigerators.
Numerical simulation of the interaction between nonlinear sloshing flow and side-mounted perforated baffles
Authors: Wang Sen , Xu Tiao-Jian , Shen Kan-Min , Wang Bin , Dong Guo-Hai , Wang Tong-Yan
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the effect of nonlinear strengths of sloshing on damping performance of side-mounted perforated baffles and discusses the influence of perforated baffles on resonance characteristics of sloshing flow. The model performance score is adopted to evaluate the nonlinear strength of water sloshing. A microscopic model and a volume-averaged macroscopic model are established to simulate the sloshing flow in a two-dimensional (2D) water tank with perforated baffles. In addition, a series of experimental tests are conducted to validate the numerical model. By analyzing the effects of nonlinear strength on damping performance of perforated baffles, a critical nonlinear strength of Reynolds number (Re) equal to 56 000 is obtained: For nonlinear strength smaller than critical nonlinear strength, the damping effect due to perforated baffles is mainly achieved by shifting the energy density to the excitation frequency; for nonlinear strength enhanced to the critical value, further increasing nonlinear strength shows slight influence on damping performance, and an additional increase in sloshing response occurred due to violent interaction between baffles and fluid flow. Importantly, the Reynolds number corresponding to the critical nonlinear strength is independent of the properties of perforated baffles, such as porosity and mounted form. Furthermore, the resonance effect of sloshing flow can be significantly weakened with an increasing blockage of perforated baffles, accompanying negative growth of maximum force amplitude on bulkhead.
Bilinear form, auto-Bäcklund transformations, Pfaffian, soliton, and breather solutions for a (3 + 1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation
Authors: Cheng Chong-Dong , Tian Bo , Shen Yuan , Zhou Tian-Yu
Published: August 2023

Study of the water waves remains central to fluid physics, ocean dynamics, and engineering. In this paper, a (3 + 1)-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation is investigated via symbolic computation. Bilinear form and two kinds of the bilinear auto-Bäcklund transformations with some solutions are given via the Hirota method. The Nth-order Pfaffian solutions are worked out by means of the Pfaffian technique, where N is a positive integer. N-soliton solutions are exported through the Nth-order Pfaffian solutions. By virtue of the asymptotic analysis, elastic and inelastic interactions between the two solitons on some periodic backgrounds are discussed. Interaction among the three solitons is illustrated graphically. The higher-order breather solutions are investigated via the complex parameter relation. Elastic and inelastic interactions between the two breathers on the periodic backgrounds are depicted graphically. Hybrid solutions consisting of the solitons and breathers are obtained. Interaction between the one soliton and one breather on a periodic background is presented.
Enhancing ionic conductivity in polymer melts results in smaller diameter electrospun fibers
Authors: Sheoran N. , Boland B. , Thornton S. , Bochinski J. R. , Clarke L. I.
Published: August 2023

Chemically compatible additives were utilized to increase the ionic conductivity of polyethylene melts. When subjected to unconfined electrospinning, a predictable and significant decrease in the resultant fiber diameter with enhanced melt conductivity was observed. This generalized approach was confirmed for viscous melts, varying in conductivity over five orders of magnitude and viscosity 5×, from multiple commercial polyethylene formulations with various additives. These experimental results are connected to theory for the relevant length scales of capillary length, jet spacing, and jet radius. In particular, jet radius scales as conductivity to the −1/4 power. Fitting experimental fiber radius vs ionic conductivity data results in a similar power law exponent (−0.29). This trend, occurring at orders of magnitude higher viscosity and six orders of magnitude lower conductivity, is similar to results from needle-based, solution phase electrospinning, suggesting the generality of the effect. The connection between larger length scales, such as the distance between jets and the thickness of the film at the plate edge, and fluid properties (surface tension, viscosity, and conductivity) is also discussed.
Seed row placement relative to the previous crop stubble row can harness systems benefits on water repellent sands
Authors: McBeath Therese , Gupta Vadakattu , Desbiolles Jack , Davoren Bill , Llewellyn Rick
Published: August 2023

Context Innovations to improve crop establishment are critical to unlocking the full potential of early sown winter cereal cropping systems. Aims The aim of this set of experiments was to evaluate the systems benefits of near-row sowing treatments for surface soil water, crop establishment, crop competition with weeds, root disease infection and cereal crop yield on sandy soils in low-rainfall environments. Methods Six of the 10 site–years evaluated were on water repellent sands with the remainder on sand and loam. A second set of experiments on a water repellent sand evaluated if furrow applied amendments to increase soil fertility in the crop row might generate additional benefits to the near-row sowing effect. Key results Significant grain yield benefits from near-row placement (up to 30%) were measured in 2 site years and these were associated with crop establishment gains, improved access to furrow soil water storage and weed seed reductions, which occurred in 3 site years. In a water repellent sand, near-row placement combined with extra nutrition input generated an additional grain yield benefit (+0.4 t/ha), as did a one-off 22 cm deep furrow tilling treatment designed to bring deeper soil moisture into the seed zone (+0.4 t/ha). Conclusions Near-row placement of crop seeds can provide systems benefits in water repellent sands. The conversion of these benefits to yield benefits occurred in 30% of site-years tested on repellent sand. Implications Further innovation is required to ensure that these seeder-based innovations generate predictable responses and scaled up evaluation is necessary to fully understand the systems and landscape level benefits of improved crop establishment in soils that often suffer low and uneven crop establishment numbers.
Interictal epileptiform discharges affect memory in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Soula Marisol , Maslarova Anna , Harvey Ryan E. , Valero Manuel , Brandner Sebastian , Hamer Hajo , Fernández‐Ruiz Antonio , Buzsáki György
Published: August 2023

Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are transient abnormal electrophysiological events commonly observed in epilepsy patients but are also present in other neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the role IEDs have on the hippocampal circuit is important for our understanding of the cognitive deficits seen in epilepsy and AD. We characterize and compare the IEDs of human epilepsy patients from microwire hippocampal recording with those of AD transgenic mice with implanted multilayer hippocampal silicon probes. Both the local field potential features and firing patterns of pyramidal cells and interneurons were similar in the mouse and human. We found that as IEDs emerged from the CA3-1 circuits, they recruited pyramidal cells and silenced interneurons, followed by post-IED suppression. IEDs suppressed the incidence and altered the properties of physiological sharp-wave ripples, altered their physiological properties, and interfered with the replay of place field sequences in a maze. In addition, IEDs in AD mice inversely correlated with daily memory performance. Together, our work implies that IEDs may present a common and epilepsy-independent phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases that perturbs hippocampal–cortical communication and interferes with memory.
Roles for diacylglycerol in synaptic vesicle priming and release revealed by complete reconstitution of core protein machinery
Authors: Kalyana Sundaram R. Venkat , Chatterjee Atrouli , Bera Manindra , Grushin Kirill , Panda Aniruddha , Li Feng , Coleman Jeff , Lee Seong , Ramakrishnan Sathish , Ernst Andreas M. , Gupta Kallol , Rothman James E. , Krishnakumar Shyam S.
Published: August 2023

Here, we introduce the full functional reconstitution of genetically validated core protein machinery (SNAREs, Munc13, Munc18, Synaptotagmin, and Complexin) for synaptic vesicle priming and release in a geometry that enables detailed characterization of the fate of docked vesicles both before and after release is triggered with Ca
2+
. Using this setup, we identify new roles for diacylglycerol (DAG) in regulating vesicle priming and Ca
2+
-triggered release involving the SNARE assembly chaperone Munc13. We find that low concentrations of DAG profoundly accelerate the rate of Ca
2+
-dependent release, and high concentrations reduce clamping and permit extensive spontaneous release. As expected, DAG also increases the number of docked, release-ready vesicles. Dynamic single-molecule imaging of Complexin binding to release-ready vesicles directly establishes that DAG accelerates the rate of SNAREpin assembly mediated by chaperones, Munc13 and Munc18. The selective effects of physiologically validated mutations confirmed that the Munc18–Syntaxin–VAMP2 “template” complex is a functional intermediate in the production of primed, release-ready vesicles, which requires the coordinated action of Munc13 and Munc18.
Remembrance practices in the 21st century
Authors: Berenson Alonit , Ezra Inbar
Published: August 2023

Individuals and groups construct identity through storytelling. Sometimes individuals use these to remember past events and group narratives to foster a sense of belonging. The individual and group interact and build relationships through shared memory. The present paper examines the mediatic representations of individual perceptions of the Holocaust in @eva.stories that evoke, revive, and revitalize Holocaust collective memory. Based on Multimodal Discourse Analysis, we analyzed and organized the findings according to the following communication categories: content, mode, and medium. Using Instagram to enliven Eva’s storytelling creates a unique duality between the audience and the implicit story content‎. Consequently, multimodal storytelling via Instagram bridges the historical past to the present generation. We conclude that the collective memory’s retelling and preservation constantly change due to cultural and political contexts. Consequently, as today’s online environments are a crucial sphere of discourse, online spaces play a role in creating, maintaining, and spreading collective memories.
Mark–recapture and Moran curve estimates of the survival probabilities of an island population of tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)
Authors: Hargrove J.W.
Published: August 2023

A study on populations of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood on Antelope Island, Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe provided Jolly-Seber (J-S) mark–recapture estimates of adult survival and Moran curve estimates of the overall survival of all developmental stages. For females, Moran survival estimates derived using ox fly-round catches showed similar trends to, but were more variable than, those calculated from J-S population estimates. Regression of one set on the other removed only 26% of the variance. Undue emphasis should not be placed on small changes in Moran survival estimates based on sequences of catches. Catch data cannot provide Moran estimates of male survival probabilities and no comparison is thus possible with estimates from the J-S data. The J-S and the Moran approaches were combined to estimate survival probabilities of the immature stages of male and female tsetse. The overall survival per three-week period averaged 45% for males and 59% for females, comprising mature adult survivals of 27 and 46%, and pooled survivals of immature stages of 59 and 77%, respectively. The high survival of immature flies is due to the sheltered, inactive nature of pupal life. Adult and overall survival probabilities were highly correlated in males (r2 = 0.61) but less so in females (r2 = 0.24) where capture rates were lower and variance in the results greater. Immature and overall survival was more highly correlated for both sexes, with r2 = 0.77 and 0.53 for males and females respectively. When a fixed pupal mortality of 1% per day was assumed, estimates of the survival of young adult males suggested that these were even lower than the survival of mature flies at the harshest times of the year, but were not markedly different when overall survival was high. Assuming equal mortality in all adults enabled the estimation of pupal survival. These had high variances but there was no evidence of any difference between the survival probabilities of male and female pupae.
Carbamate and organophosphate resistance in cotton pests in India, 1995 to 1999
Authors: Kranthi K.R. , Jadhav D.R. , Wanjari R.R. , Shakir Ali S. , Russell D.
Published: August 2023

Monitoring for organophosphate and carbamate resistance was carried out on five major insect pests of cotton collected from 22 cotton-growing districts across India. Resistance was monitored in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) for the period 1995–1999 and for Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Earias vittella (Fabricius) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in a survey conducted during the 1997–98 cropping season. Of the 53 field strains of H. armigera, only four were found to exhibit resistance to quinalphos, the highest 15-fold, whereas all 16 field strains tested were found to be resistant to monocrotophos. Similarly, out of 40 field strains tested, only eight were found to express appreciable resistance to methomyl. Resistance in P. gossypiella to quinalphos was high in the majority of the strains tested. Of the seven strains of E. vittella tested, two strains from northern India exhibited > 70-fold resistance to monocrotophos. Of the 11 S. litura strains tested, only four were found to exhibit resistance factors of 10 to 30-fold to quinalphos and monocrotophos. All of the B. tabaci field strains exhibited resistance to methomyl and monocrotophos and susceptibility to triazophos. Practical implications for pest control resulting from the observed patterns of cross-resistance between quinalphos, monocrotophos and methomyl are discussed.
Interaction between pod age and position on damage to cowpea Vigna unguiculata by hemipteran pod-sucking bugs
Authors: Koona P. , Osisanya E.O. , Jackai L.E.N. , Tamo M. , Tonye J. , Ngeve J.M.
Published: August 2023

Laboratory and screenhouse studies were carried out to assess the relationship between pod age and pod position of cowpea and damage by different pod bug species. The coreids Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stäl and Riptortus dentipesFabricius caused significant damage to young pods of cultivated genotypes, in contrast to the coreid Anoplocnemis curvipes Fabricius and the pentatomid Aspavia armigera Fabricius which exhibited minor feeding activity. Percent seed damage declined with pod age, the critical stage for pod bug infestation being when pods were about eight days old. Clavigralla tomentosicollis and R. dentipescaused significantly higher damage to pods located within the leaf canopy, thus behaving differently from Anoplocnemis curvipes which showed a distinct preference for pods growing above the leaf canopy. The feeding activity of Aspavia armigerawas not affected by the position of pods on the plant. Overall, the study suggests that cowpea genotypes with a short flowering period and pods held above the leaf canopy offer the most promise in the management of pod-sucking pests.
PCR–RFLP of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (subunit I) gene provides diagnostic markers for selected Diabrotica species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Clark T.L. , Meinke L.J. , Foster J.E.
Published: August 2023

Adult and larval identification of Diabrotica can be difficult. Some adult identifications require considerable taxonomic experience while larvae of many Diabroticaspecies are morphologically indistinguishable. This study was conducted to determine whether 12 pest and non-pest Diabrotica species could be separated using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). A 1308 bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was amplified using PCR and digested using several restriction endonucleases. Double digests of COI amplicons with AluI and MspI resolved on polyacrylamide gels revealed several diagnostic inter- and intraspecific polymorphisms. A key to the 12 species was constructed using the PCR–RFLP patterns.
Performance of the Nzi and other traps for biting flies in North America
Authors: Mihok S. , Carlson D.A. , Krafsur E.S. , Foil L.D.
Published: August 2023

The performance of Nzi traps for tabanids (Tabanus similis Macquart, T. quinquevittatus Wiedemann, Chrysops aberrans Philip, C. univittatus Macquart, C. cincticornis Walker, Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart)), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) and mosquitoes (Aedes) (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated at various sites in Canada (Ontario, Alberta) and USA (Iowa, Florida, Louisiana). Traps made from selected fabrics, insect nettings and hand-dyed blue cotton were compared to the African design to provide practical recommendations for temperate environments. Comparisons of substituted materials showed that trap performance was optimal only when traps were made from appropriate fabrics in the colours produced by either copper phthalocyanine (phthalogen blue), or its sulphonated forms (turquoise). Fabrics dyed with other blue chromophores were not as effective (anthraquinone, disazo, formazan, indanthrone, triphenodioxazine). An appropriate texture as well as an appropriate colour was critical for optimal performance. Smooth, shiny synthetic fabrics (polyester, nylon) and polyester blends reduced catches. Low catches occurred even for nominal phthalogen blue, but slightly-shiny, polyester fabrics in widespread use for tsetse. The most suitable retail fabric in place of phthalogen blue cotton was Sunbrella Pacific Blue acrylic awning/marine fabric. It was both attractive and durable, and had a matching colour-fast black. Nzi traps caught grossly similar numbers of biting flies as canopy, Vavoua, and Alsynite cylinder traps, but with differences in relative performance among species or locations.
Computing the gravitational acceleration within the World Pendulum Alliance as an application of the remote laboratory methodology
Authors: Torres-Payoma Freddy , Herrera Diana , Triana Karla , Neira-Quintero Laura , Castaño-Yepes Jorge David
Published: August 2023

This paper describes a method for calculating gravitational acceleration using simple pendulums available through the World Pendulum Alliance. This network comprises fourteen institutions across eight countries, each providing a pendulum that can be accessed remotely via the Internet. We demonstrate how to measure the pendulum's period for N oscillations, discussing the importance of repetitions and samples in minimizing experimental uncertainty. We then use the averaged period value to compute the local gravitational acceleration, accounting for corrections due to the moment of inertia of the system. Finally, we analyze the geographical location of each pendulum to explore the dependence of gravity on latitude, longitude, and altitude and discuss its implications for the Earth's shape. We believe this tool will be useful for physics courses at the introductory and university levels due to its remote access features and its relevance to fundamental concepts.
Delamination imaging in composites using cross-correlation method by non-contact air-coupled Lamb waves
Authors: Yu Lingyu , Xiao Wenfeng , Mei Hanfei , Giurgiutiu Victor
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a cross-correlation damage detection technique using damage scattered waves of all directions cross-correlate with the incident waves for delamination imaging in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate. The presented imaging can not only detect the delamination but also precisely quantify the damage with locations and sizes. First, a CFRP composite sample with interlaminar delamination by inserting the Teflon layer is designed and manufactured in house using the hot-press machine. And a three-dimensional model of composite sample is simulated using the finite element method. Next, the cross-correlation imaging algorithm is introduced in detail, and the cross-correlation imaging proof-of-concept study is conducted with the simulated Lamb waves in the composite sample. Finally, a fully non-contact air-coupled transducer and scanning laser Doppler vibrometer system with a single-mode Lamb wave method is established to actuate and sense the interrogating Lamb waves in the structure. The imaging method is experimentally implemented for the one delamination and two delaminations imaging and quantification.
In situ biosensing technologies for an organ-on-a-chip
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Kim Junghoon , Jin Yoonhee , Cho Seung-Woo
Published: August 2023

The in vitro simulation of organs resolves the accuracy, ethical, and cost challenges accompanying in vivo experiments. Organoids and organs-on-chips have been developed to model the in vitro, real-time biological and physiological features of organs. Numerous studies have deployed these systems to assess the in vitro, real-time responses of an organ to external stimuli. Particularly, organs-on-chips can be most efficiently employed in pharmaceutical drug development to predict the responses of organs before approving such drugs. Furthermore, multi-organ-on-a-chip systems facilitate the close representations of the in vivo environment. In this review, we discuss the biosensing technology that facilitates the in situ, real-time measurements of organ responses as readouts on organ-on-a-chip systems, including multi-organ models. Notably, a human-on-a-chip system integrated with automated multi-sensing will be established by further advancing the development of chips, as well as their assessment techniques.
Spatial transcriptomic profiling reveals the pathophysiology of early-stage hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Suh-Yun Joh Christine , Jeong Soyoung , Lee Cheol , Lee Hee Jung , Lee Jung Ho , Choi Hyun Seung , Cho Soyun , Kim Gwangil , Kim Jaehwan , Krueger James G , Park Chung-Gyu , Shin Jung U , Jin Seon-Pil , Kim Hyun Je
Published: August 2023

We investigated the role of the epithelium of nodules in Hurley stage I hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) by using spatial transcriptomics to analyse the profiles of epithelial cells and dermal-infiltrating immune cells. Compared with epidermal cysts, genes related to bacterial response, inflammatory mediators and neutrophil degranulation pathways were upregulated in the epithelial cells of early-stage HS nodules. Our analysis of dermal-infiltrating immune cells surrounding the epithelium of nodules revealed significantly elevated levels of B-cell-related genes. Similarly to the sinus tract formation observed in moderate-to-severe HS, we propose that the production of inflammatory mediators in early-stage HS may involve the activation of keratinocytes and their interaction with dermal-infiltrating immune cells.
Whose Voice?: Female Genital Cutting and the Obscuring Effects of Top-Down Criminalisation
Authors: Kang Winona
Published: August 2023

Female genital cutting (FGC) is roundly condemned within international human rights discourse. The narrative surrounding the practice tends to categorically censure FGC in all forms. In this article, I analyse the criminalisation of the practice in New South Wales, Australia to demonstrate the dominant influence of this narrative, while also highlighting its deficiencies. Focusing on the recent Australian case of Magennis and Vaziri and criticisms of the Family Law Council’s approach to FGC-eradication in Australia, I argue that the decision relied on speculation rather than objective evidence. Further, by substituting the internal perspectives of affected communities with gendered and racialised stereotypes, the courts prevented women most affected by FGC from participating in active and meaningful dialogue. As a landmark decision, Magennis and Vaziri set a clear precedent as to how future cases are decided and how women from affected communities are to be treated: as gendered, racialised and voiceless subjects.
Acute Stress Enhances Memory and Preference for Smoking-Related Associations in Smokers
Authors: Lee Jeung-Hyun , Kang Sanghoon , Maier Silvia U , Lee Sang Ah , Goldfarb Elizabeth V , Ahn Woo-Young
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Nicotine dependence follows a chronic course that is characterized by repeated relapse, often driven by acute stress and rewarding memories of smoking retrieved from related contexts. These two triggers can also interact, with stress influencing retrieval of contextual memories. However, the roles of these processes in nicotine dependence remain unknown.

Aims and Methods

We investigated how acute stress biases memory for smoking-associated contexts among smokers (N = 65) using a novel laboratory paradigm. On day 1, participants formed associations between visual stimuli of items (either neutral or related to smoking) and places (background scenes). On day 2 (24 hours later), participants were exposed to an acute laboratory-based stressor (socially evaluated cold pressor test; N = 32) or a matched control condition (N = 33) prior to being tested on their memory recognition and preferences for each item and place. We distinguished the accuracy of memory into specific (ie, precisely correct) or gist (ie, lure items with similar content) categories.

Results

Results demonstrated that the stressor significantly induced physiological and subjective perceived stress responses, and that stressed smokers exhibited a memory bias in favor of smoking-related items. In addition, the stressed group displayed greater preference for both smoking-related items and places that had been paired with the smoking-related items. We also found suggestive evidence that stronger smoking-related memory biases were associated with more severe nicotine dependence (ie, years of smoking).

Conclusions

These results highlight the role of stress in biasing smokers toward remembering contexts associated with smoking, and amplifying their preference for these contexts.

Implications

The current study elucidates the role of acute stress in promoting memory biases favoring smoking-related associations among smokers. The results suggest that the retrieval of smoking-biased associative memory could be a crucial factor in stress-related nicotine seeking. This may lead to a potential intervention targeting the extinction of smoking-related context memories as a preventive strategy for stress-induced relapse.
Uncertainty in Safety Management
Authors: Carroll John S.
Published: August 2023

Safety management is that subset of risk management concerned with minimizing harm to people. Although safety management emerged around occupational or personal (worker) safety, typically involving visible and familiar hazards, many industries pose process or system safety threats to workers, customers, and communities involving hidden, complex, and interconnected processes. Although it is often assumed that risks are known and uncertainty can be computed statistically (“known-unknowns”), there are also uncertainties that are difficult to imagine (“unknown-unknowns”) and uncertainties that are both known and unknown, especially in organizations where knowledge does not flow easily or is actively suppressed (“unknown-knowns”). This chapter examines the implications of uncertainty for safety around value tradeoffs, redundancy, root cause analysis, and learning and change. The author notes that front-line workers cannot negotiate these issues by themselves; leaders must acknowledge uncertainty, trust and engage the workforce, and invest in learning and innovation for long-term performance.
Political Speech
Authors: Dimino Michael R.
Published: August 2023

Political speech unquestionably occupies the core of the First Amendment. Citizens’ freedoms to learn about and to discuss politics are essential to self-government, as the right to vote means little without the ability to inform oneself about issues of the day. And government regulation of political speech presents unique risks, as limitations on political speech could make it more difficult for voters to hold government officials accountable. Yet political speech can also cause damage, including damage to the electoral system. False information about candidates or issues can mislead voters into making improvident choices, and false statements about election procedures (e.g., polling-place location, election dates, voter qualifications, and voting methods) might cause people to miss their opportunity to cast a valid vote. Thus, the right of free speech in the political context can be both especially valuable and especially harmful. The Supreme Court has often spoken of political speech as the most important, and therefore the most protected, type of speech. In practice, however, the Court has often been willing to accept the government’s proffered justification for restricting political speech. Some academics, citing free-speech abuses in the digital age, have urged an interpretation of the First Amendment that would permit regulation of even more political speech. This chapter argues that false statements of fact—even if on political subjects—should be unprotected if they are made with “actual malice.” Protected political speech, however, should be immune from government regulation unless the regulation is truly the least-restrictive means of achieving a compelling interest.