Dodecanogram (DDG): Advancing EEG technology with a high- frequency brain activity measurement device
Authors:   International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan., Singh P. , Manna J. S. ,   Department Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India., Dey P. ,   Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Centre for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER),     Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India, Sarkar S. ,   Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008, Pattanayak A. ,   Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008.,   School of Commerce, XIM University, Plot No 12(A); Nijigada, Kurki, Harirajpur, Odisha, 752050, India., Nag S. ,   Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008., Pramanik S. ,   Amity School of Applied Science, Amity University Rajasthan, Kant Kalwar, NH-11C, Jaipur Delhi Highway, Jaipur, Rajasthan    303007, India., Saxena K. ,   Microwave Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbag Educational Institute, Agra,    Uttar Pradesh 282005, India., Krishnananda S. D. ,   Microwave Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbag Educational Institute, Agra,    Uttar Pradesh 282005, India., Dutta T. ,   Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi, India-834008., Bandyopadhyay A. ,   International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-3050047, Japan.
Published: December 2023

EEG measures electric potential changes in the scalp. Even though it has been associated with human thoughts, there has been no direct evidence. The problem with EEG is that it measures variations in current or electric potential in the millisecond time domain, where muscle movement strongly affects the readings. The millisecond time domain is equivalent to the kHz resonance signal generated by any dielectric resonator, and every single cell membrane resonates in this time range. So, the measurement of EEG could come simply from the skin and not from the brain. Therefore, we have advanced EEG technology with the dodecanogram (DDG), which reveals 12 frequency bands or 12 discrete time regions where brain activities are most significant. We measure brain activity using a stream of pulses and a logic analyzer that counts ultra-short pulses needed to emulate brain scalp potential changes. We have created another version of DDG where, using an array of RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) resonators, we sense the ultra-low-power electromagnetic radiation from different locations on the brain's surface. Since we measure signals from Hz to THz, covering 12 orders of time ranges as a property of dielectric resonance, unlike EEG, there is a high probability that the DDG signal may truly originate from the brain. We have monitored DDG on an artificial organic brain replica 24/7 for over a year and on multiple human subjects, before and after meditation and concluded that most cognitive, perceptive, and emotional bursts occur around 200-700 nanoseconds, not milliseconds, as it was believed for 150 years of EEG era.