bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining pharmacotherapy with psychotherapeutic management for the treatment of psychiatric disorders among athletes
Authors: Stillman Mark A. , Manocchio Andrew M. , Glick Ira D.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Previous literature has highlighted athletes as a population that is particularly vulnerable to a range of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Although psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions have been demonstrated as clinically effective for athletes in isolation, the potential for a combination of such approaches (integrative treatment) as superior to either modality is of increasing interest and importance. Specifically, the athlete population may benefit from an integrative approach since it faces unique factors and implications for treatment, including but not limited to doping regulations, performance modulation secondary to psychiatric medication, and particular barriers to adherence (e.g., personality factors, athlete-specific schedules, stigma). Methods: To retrieve relevant articles for our review, we searched five electronic databases (PubMed (MEDLINE), SportDiscus via EBSCO, PSycINFO viaProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane). Athletes were defined as those competing at professional, Olympic, or collegiate/university levels. Results: We seek to highlight clinically relevant factors, conceptual models, rationales and examples of an integrative approach so as to set the stage for future literature aiming to investigate such a topic on both theoretical and experimental levels. Conclusion: Ultimately, our review seeks to provide a rationale for systematically assessing factors for and against combination therapy for each athlete, a risk benefit analysis aimed at providing a clinically effective and parsimonious intervention strategy, which may include the use of one or multiple intervention modalities. Such a strategy will ideally facilitate positive outcomes for athletes’ personal functioning which may consequently maintain or augment their athletic performance, initiating a positive feedback loop of optimal functioning.
On the Decadal Changes of the Interannual Relationship Between ENSO and Tropical South Atlantic SST in Boreal Summer
Authors: Yang Qi , Fan Lei
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving changes in the contemporaneous relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and tropical South Atlantic (TSA) sea surface temperatures (SST) during boreal summer over the past century. Our findings indicate that the negative TSA–ENSO relationship is primarily attributed to persistent ENSO years rather than ENSO transition or development years. This is because of the distinct anomalies observed in both spring ENSO and the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) during ENSO persistent years, whose impacts on summer TSA are of the same sign. Thus, their combined effects lead to a strong TSA anomaly that is opposite to that of ENSO. On a decadal timescale, the frequency of persistent ENSO occurrence can explain the fluctuation of the ENSO–TSA relationship over the past century. These findings enhance our comprehension of the relationship between summer ENSO and the tropical Atlantic SST.
Sub‐Mesoscale Wind‐Front Interactions: The Combined Impact of Thermal and Current Feedback
Authors: Bai Yue , Thompson Andrew F. , Villas Bôas Ana B. , Klein Patrice , Torres Hector S. , Menemenlis Dimitris
Published: September 2023

Surface ocean temperature and velocity anomalies at meso‐ and sub‐meso‐scales induce wind stress anomalies. These wind‐front interactions, referred to as thermal (TFB) and current (CFB) feedbacks, respectively, have been studied in isolation at mesoscale, yet they have rarely been considered in tandem. Here, we assess the combined influence of TFB and CFB and their relative impact on surface wind stress derivatives. Analyses are based on output from two regions of the Southern Ocean in a coupled simulation with local ocean resolution of 2 km. Considering both TFB and CFB shows regimes of interference, which remain mostly linear down to the simulation resolution. The jointly‐generated wind stress curl anomalies approach 10−5 N m−3, ∼20 times stronger than at mesoscale. The synergy of both feedbacks improves the ability to reconstruct wind stress curl magnitude and structure from both surface vorticity and SST gradients by 12%–37% on average, compared with using either feedback alone.
Highly sensitive piezoresistive and thermally responsive fibrous networks from the in situ growth of PEDOT on MWCNT-decorated electrospun PU fibers for pressure and temperature sensing
Authors: Luo Yunyun , Zhao Libo , Luo Guoxi , Dong Linxi , Xia Yong , Li Min , Li Ziping , Wang Kaifei , Maeda Ryutaro , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: September 2023

Flexible electronics have demonstrated various strategies to enhance the sensory ability for tactile perception and wearable physiological monitoring. Fibrous microstructures have attracted much interest because of their excellent mechanical properties and fabricability. Herein, a structurally robust fibrous mat was first fabricated by electrospinning, followed by a sequential process of functionalization utilizing ultrasonication treatment and in situ polymerization growth. Electrospun polyurethane (PU) microfibers were anchored with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form conductive paths along each fiber by a scalable ultrasonic cavitation treatment in an MWCNT suspension. After, a layer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was grown on the surface of PU fibers decorated with MWCNTs to enhance the conductive conjunctions of MWCNTs. Due to the superior electromechanical behaviors and mechanical reinforcement of PEDOT, the PEDOT/MWCNT@PU mat-based device exhibits a wide working range (0–70 kPa), high sensitivity (1.6 kPa−1), and good mechanical robustness (over 18,000 cycles). The PEDOT/MWCNT@PU mat-based sensor also demonstrates a good linear response to different temperature variations because of the thermoelectricity of the PEDOT/MWCNT composite. This novel strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional fibrous mats provides a promising opportunity for future applications for high-performance wearable devices.
The lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor Darapladib sensitises cancer cells to ferroptosis by remodelling lipid metabolism
Authors: Oh Mihee , Jang Seo Young , Lee Ji-Yoon , Kim Jong Woo , Jung Youngae , Kim Jiwoo , Seo Jinho , Han Tae-Su , Jang Eunji , Son Hye Young , Kim Dain , Kim Min Wook , Park Jin-Sung , Song Kwon-Ho , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Kim Won Kon , Bae Kwang-Hee , Huh Yong-Min , Kim Soon Ha , Kim Doyoun , Han Baek-Soo , Lee Sang Chul , Hwang Geum-Sook , Lee Eun-Woo
Published: September 2023

Arachidonic and adrenic acids in the membrane play key roles in ferroptosis. Here, we reveal that lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) controls intracellular phospholipid metabolism and contributes to ferroptosis resistance. A metabolic drug screen reveals that darapladib, an inhibitor of Lp-PLA2, synergistically induces ferroptosis in the presence of GPX4 inhibitors. We show that darapladib is able to enhance ferroptosis under lipoprotein-deficient or serum-free conditions. Furthermore, we find that Lp-PLA2 is located in the membrane and cytoplasm and suppresses ferroptosis, suggesting a critical role for intracellular Lp-PLA2. Lipidomic analyses show that darapladib treatment or deletion of PLA2G7, which encodes Lp-PLA2, generally enriches phosphatidylethanolamine species and reduces lysophosphatidylethanolamine species. Moreover, combination treatment of darapladib with the GPX4 inhibitor PACMA31 efficiently inhibits tumour growth in a xenograft model. Our study suggests that inhibition of Lp-PLA2 is a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance ferroptosis in cancer treatment.
Multiple-core-hole resonance spectroscopy with ultraintense X-ray pulses
Authors: Rörig Aljoscha , Son Sang-Kil , Mazza Tommaso , Schmidt Philipp , Baumann Thomas M. , Erk Benjamin , Ilchen Markus , Laksman Joakim , Music Valerija , Pathak Shashank , Rivas Daniel E. , Rolles Daniel , Serkez Svitozar , Usenko Sergey , Santra Robin , Meyer Michael , Boll Rebecca
Published: September 2023

Understanding the interaction of intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses with heavy atoms is crucial for gaining insights into the structure and dynamics of matter. One key aspect of nonlinear light–matter interaction was, so far, not studied systematically at free-electron lasers—its dependence on the photon energy. Here, we use resonant ion spectroscopy to map out the transient electronic structures occurring during the complex charge-up pathways of xenon. Massively hollow atoms featuring up to six simultaneous core holes determine the spectra at specific photon energies and charge states. We also illustrate how different X-ray pulse parameters, which are usually intertwined, can be partially disentangled. The extraction of resonance spectra is facilitated by the possibility of working with a constant number of photons per X-ray pulse at all photon energies and the fact that the ion yields become independent of the peak fluence beyond a saturation point. Our study lays the groundwork for spectroscopic investigations of transient atomic species in exotic, multiple-core-hole states that have not been explored previously.
Impacts of radiation exposure, hindlimb unloading, and recovery on murine skeletal muscle cell telomere length
Authors: Tichy Elisia D. , Lee Ji-Hyung , Li Grant , Estep Katrina N. , Brad Johnson F. , Mourkioti Foteini
Published: September 2023

Astronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return to Earth and approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. Astronauts also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up to 20% loss of muscle mass on spaceflights. Telomere length changes in muscle cells of astronauts remain unexplored. This study investigates telomere alterations in grounded mice experiencing radiation exposure and muscle atrophy, via a hindlimb unloading spaceflight mimicking model. We find telomere lengthening is present in muscle stem cells and in myofiber nuclei, but not in muscle-resident endothelial cells. We further assessed telomere length in the model following hindlimb unloading recovery. We find that telomere length failed to return to baseline values. Our results suggest a role for telomeres in muscle acclimatization, which is relevant for the well-being of astronauts in space, and upon their return to Earth.
Quantum optimization within lattice gauge theory model on a quantum simulator
Authors: Yan Zheng , Zhou Zheng , Zhou Yan-Hua , Wang Yan-Cheng , Qiu Xingze , Meng Zi Yang , Zhang Xue-Feng
Published: September 2023

Simulating lattice gauge theory (LGT) Hamiltonian and its nontrivial states by programmable quantum devices has attracted numerous attention in recent years. Rydberg atom arrays constitute one of the most rapidly developing arenas for quantum simulation and quantum computing. The $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

LGT and topological order has been realized in experiments while the U(1) LGT is being worked hard on the way. States of LGT have local constraints and are fragmented into several winding sectors with topological protection. It is therefore difficult to reach the ground state in target sector for experiments, and it is also an important task for quantum topological memory. Here, we propose a protocol of sweeping quantum annealing (SQA) for searching the ground state among topological sectors. With the quantum Monte Carlo method, we show that this SQA has linear time complexity of size with applications to the antiferromagnetic transverse field Ising model, which has emergent U(1) gauge fields. This SQA protocol can be realized easily on quantum simulation platforms such as Rydberg array and D-wave annealer. We expect this approach would provide an efficient recipe for resolving the topological hindrances in quantum optimization and the preparation of quantum topological state.
Characteristic modes of a slot antenna design based on defected ground structure for 5G applications
Authors: Gaber Maie A. , El-Aasser Mostafa , Yahia Ashraf , Gad Nasr
Published: September 2023

This study employs characteristic mode analysis to investigate a defected ground antenna for multiband applications. The antenna structure incorporates three U-shaped slots in the ground plane, forming a defected ground structure. The microstrip line is exclusively present on the front side plane. The antenna is printed on a substrate made of a ceramic-filled PTFE composite with a size of 20 mm × 21 mm × 0.76 mm and a dielectric constant of 3. The proposed antenna is analyzed using the characteristic mode analysis based on the method of moment and simulated by an electromagnetic simulator based on the finite element method. A multiband antenna is fabricated and tested to validate the proposed antenna performance. The simulation and measurement results reveal that the antenna exhibits good input impedance bandwidths of S11 ≤  − 10 dB that extend from 2 to 12 GHz with three bands around the operating frequencies (2.96, 6.06, and 8.03) GHz.
A standardized workflow for long-term longitudinal actigraphy data processing using one year of continuous actigraphy from the CAN-BIND Wellness Monitoring Study
Authors: Slyepchenko Anastasiya , Uher Rudolf , Ho Keith , Hassel Stefanie , Matthews Craig , Lukus Patricia K. , Daros Alexander R. , Minarik Anna , Placenza Franca , Li Qingqin S. , Rotzinger Susan , Parikh Sagar V. , Foster Jane A. , Turecki Gustavo , Müller Daniel J. , Taylor Valerie H. , Quilty Lena C. , Milev Roumen , Soares Claudio N. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Raymond W. , Frey Benicio N.
Published: September 2023

Monitoring sleep and activity through wearable devices such as wrist-worn actigraphs has the potential for long-term measurement in the individual’s own environment. Long periods of data collection require a complex approach, including standardized pre-processing and data trimming, and robust algorithms to address non-wear and missing data. In this study, we used a data-driven approach to quality control, pre-processing and analysis of longitudinal actigraphy data collected over the course of 1 year in a sample of 95 participants. We implemented a data processing pipeline using open-source packages for longitudinal data thereby providing a framework for treating missing data patterns, non-wear scoring, sleep/wake scoring, and conducted a sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the impact of non-wear and missing data on the relationship between sleep variables and depressive symptoms. Compliance with actigraph wear decreased over time, with missing data proportion increasing from a mean of 4.8% in the first week to 23.6% at the end of the 12 months of data collection. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the importance of defining a pre-processing threshold, as it substantially impacts the predictive value of variables on sleep-related outcomes. We developed a novel non-wear algorithm which outperformed several other algorithms and a capacitive wear sensor in quality control. These findings provide essential insight informing study design in digital health research.
Multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging with single absorption grating
Authors: Busi Matteo , Shen Jiazhou , Bacak Michael , Zdora Marie Christine , Čapek Jan , Valsecchi Jacopo , Strobl Markus
Published: September 2023

Neutron dark-field imaging is a powerful technique for investigating the microstructural properties of materials through high-resolution full-field mapping of small-angle scattering. However, conventional neutron dark-field imaging utilizing Talbot–Lau interferometers is limited to probing only one scattering direction at a time. Here, we introduce a novel multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging approach that utilizes a single absorption grating with a two-dimensional pattern to simultaneously probe multiple scattering directions. The method is demonstrated to successfully resolve fiber orientations in a carbon compound material as well as the complex morphology of the transformed martensitic phase in additively manufactured stainless steel dogbone samples after mechanical deformation. The latter results reveal a preferential alignment of transformed domains parallel to the load direction, which is verified by EBSD. The measured real-space correlation functions are in good agreement with those extracted from the EBSD map. Our results demonstrate that multi-directional neutron dark-field imaging is overcoming significant limitations of conventional neutron dark-field imaging in assessing complex heterogeneous anisotropic microstructures and providing quantitative structural information on multiple length scales.
The effect of in-office bleaching agents on the Vickers hardness and surface topography of polished and unpolished CAD/CAM composite materials
Authors: Alamoush Rasha A. , Yang Jiawei , Alhotan Abdulaziz , Haider Julfikar , Matinlinna Jukka P. , Elraggal Alaaeldin
Published: September 2023

In-office bleaching, using hydrogen peroxide, is effective to remove dental enamel stains. However, bleaching agents can deteriorate surface properties of CAD-CAM materials. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of in-office bleaching agents on Vickers hardness and surface topography of polished and unpolished dental CAD-CAM composite materials (Grandio blocs, Lava Ultimate, BRILLIANT Crios, Cerasmart), and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network block (Vita Enamic). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups: unpolished or polished. The micro-hardness and surface topography of each group were measured before bleaching, after a 60 min bleaching period, and 24-h and one-month post-bleaching. In-office bleaching significantly influenced the Vickers hardness of both the polished and unpolished CAD/CAM composite blocks, with Vita Enamic exhibiting the least hardness stability among all groups. Furthermore, in-office bleaching significantly influenced the surface roughness of unpolished CAD/CAM composite blocks. There was a significant difference in hardness reduction between the polished and unpolished specimens for most of the investigated materials at different time points. The bleaching did not influence the surface roughness of the investigated polished group, except for Vita Enamic and Lava Ultimate. However, it did influence the surface roughness of the investigated materials in the unpolished group.
Continual learning approaches for single cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Saygili Gorkem , OzgodeYigin Busra
Published: September 2023

Single-cell RNA sequencing data is among the most interesting and impactful data of today and the sizes of the available datasets are increasing drastically. There is a substantial need for learning from large datasets, causing nontrivial challenges, especially in hardware. Loading even a single dataset into the memory of an ordinary, off-the-shelf computer can be infeasible, and using computing servers might not always be an option. This paper presents continual learning as a solution to such hardware bottlenecks. The findings of cell-type classification demonstrate that XGBoost and Catboost algorithms, when implemented in a continual learning framework, exhibit superior performance compared to the best-performing static classifier. We achieved up to 10% higher median F1 scores than the state-of-the-art on the most challenging datasets. On the other hand, these algorithms can suffer from variations in data characteristics across diverse datasets, pointing out indications of the catastrophic forgetting problem.
The impact of mutational clonality in predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced urothelial cancer
Authors: Boll Lilian Marie , Perera-Bel Júlia , Rodriguez-Vida Alejo , Arpí Oriol , Rovira Ana , Juanpere Núria , Vázquez Montes de Oca Sergio , Hernández-Llodrà Silvia , Lloreta Josep , Albà M. Mar , Bellmunt Joaquim
Published: September 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment and can result in complete remissions even at advanced stages of the disease. However, only a small fraction of patients respond to the treatment. To better understand which factors drive clinical benefit, we have generated whole exome and RNA sequencing data from 27 advanced urothelial carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies. We assessed the influence on the response of non-synonymous mutations (tumor mutational burden or TMB), clonal and subclonal mutations, neoantigen load and various gene expression markers. We found that although TMB is significantly associated with response, this effect can be mostly explained by clonal mutations, present in all cancer cells. This trend was validated in an additional cohort. Additionally, we found that responders with few clonal mutations had abnormally high levels of T and B cell immune markers, suggesting that a high immune cell infiltration signature could be a better predictive biomarker for this subset of patients. Our results support the idea that highly clonal cancers are more likely to respond to ICI and suggest that non-additive effects of different signatures should be considered for predictive models.
Tongue retraction using a McIvor blade improves airway condition during fiberoptic intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Jiyoun , Han Sung-Hee , Kim Jin-Hee , Park Seongjoo , Lee Ji Hyeon , Kim Hyeong Geun , Park Jin-Woo
Published: September 2023

Airway clearance is crucial for successful fiberoptic intubation. We hypothesized that tongue retraction using a McIvor blade could facilitate fiberoptic intubation. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare intubation time and airway condition between the jaw thrust maneuver and tongue retraction with the McIvor blade during fiberoptic intubation. Ninety-four adult patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups. During fiberoptic intubation, airway clearance was secured by applying the jaw-thrust maneuver (J group) or by tongue retraction using the McIvor blade (M group). We assessed the total intubation time, number of attempts for tube advancement, and airway clearance at the soft palate and epiglottis levels. The total intubation time was significantly shorter in the M group than in the J group (p = 0.035). The number of attempts to advance the tube was significantly lower in the M group (p = 0.033). Airway clearance at the soft palate level was significantly better in the M group than in the J group (p = 0.027). Retracting the tongue with the McIvor blade demonstrated a better condition for fiberoptic intubation and shortened total intubation time compared with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

Clinicalregistiration: CRIS; http://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0002392) registered 28/07/2017.
DHA and EPA levels in a piscivorous fish changed by preying upon stocked salmon fry
Authors: Hasegawa Koh , Yano Yutaka , Honda Kentaro , Ogura Yuhei
Published: September 2023

Increases in prey population size can affect the physiology and ecology of upper-trophic level organisms. This phenomenon is known as a bottom-up effect. For example, the increased abundance of prey resources can trigger physiological (internal) changes in predators, such as improvements in nutritional status. However, these physiological aspects of bottom-up effects have not been considered. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis, a salmonid fish, increases body stores of omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), by preying upon stocked hatchery-reared masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou fry in streams. The dynamics of fatty acid contents in charr inhabiting salmon-stocked and unstocked streams clearly support this hypothesis: fatty acid contents (DHA, EPA, and total fatty acid) increased after stocking in stocked streams, but not in unstocked streams. In addition, DHA increased with increasing body size of white-spotted charr and vice versa for EPA. The impacts of human activities, such as fish stocking, on freshwater ecosystems are a matter of serious concern for conservation. Future attempts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of fish stocking should consider not only community ecology but also physiology.
Using artificial intelligence algorithms to reconstruct the heat transfer coefficient during heat conduction modeling
Authors: Gawronska Elzbieta , Zych Maria , Dyja Robert , Domek Grzegorz
Published: September 2023

The article shows the usage of swarming algorithms for reconstructing the heat transfer coefficient regarding the continuity boundary condition. Numerical calculations were performed using the authors’ own application software with classical forms of swarm algorithms implemented. A functional determining error of the approximate solution was used during the numerical calculations. It was minimized using the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) and ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO). The considered in paper geometry comprised a square (the cast) in a square (the casting mold) separated by a heat-conducting layer with the coefficient $$\kappa $$
κ
. Due to the symmetry of that geometry, for calculations, only a quarter of the cast-mold system was considered. A Robin’s boundary condition was assumed outside the casting mold. Both regions’ inside boundaries were insulated, but between the regions, a continuity boundary condition with nonideal contact was assumed. The coefficient of the thermally conductive layer was restored using the swarm algorithms in the interval $$900{-}1500 \; [\mathrm{W/m}^{2}\textrm{K} $$

900
-
1500

[

W
/
m

2

K

] and compared with a reference value. Calculations were carried out using two finite element meshes, one with 111 nodes and the other with 576 nodes. Simulations were conducted using 15, 17, and 20 individuals in a population with 2 and 6 iterations, respectively. In addition, each scenario also considered disturbances at 0$$\%$$
%
, 1$$\%$$
%
, 2$$\%$$
%
, and 5$$\%$$
%
of the reference values. The tables and figures present the reconstructed value of the $$\kappa $$
κ
coefficient for ABC and ACO algorithms, respectively. The results show high satisfaction and close agreement with the predicted values of the $$\kappa $$
κ
coefficient. The numerical experiment results indicate significant potential for using artificial intelligence algorithms in the context of optimization production processes, analyze data, and make data-driven decisions.
To explore the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy using diffusion tensor image
Authors: Qin Yi , Liu Jihua , Zhang Xuening , Fan Xiaonong , Li Guiping , Chang Yinghui , Li Li
Published: September 2023

To explore the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy using the diffusion tensor image on 3.0 T MR. The healthy people and the patients with Bell's palsy underwent intraparotid facial nerve scanning by using the DTI and T1 structural sequence at 3.0 T MR. The raw DTI data were performed affine transformation and nonlinear registration in the common MNI152_T1 space and resampled to the 0.4 mm3 voxel size. A group of 4 spherical seed regions were placed on the intratemporal facial nerves in the common space, bilaterally and symmetrically. The DTI data in the common space were used to track the intratemporal facial nerve fibers by using TrackVis and its Diffusion Toolkit. Each tractography was used to construct the maximum probability map (MPM) according to the majority rule. The fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated and extracted on the basis of MPM. For healthy people, there was no significant difference in FA, MD, RD and AD of bilateral facial nerves. For patients with Bell's palsy, there was no significant difference in AD, there was significant difference in FA, MD and RD between the affected nerve and the healthy nerve (P < 0.02). This study showed that the myelin sheath injury of the intratemporal facial nerve is the main cause of Bell's palsy. Most neural axons are not damaged. The results may explain the pathogenesis of the Bell's palsy, which is self-limited for most cases.
Remdesivir increases mtDNA copy number causing mild alterations to oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: DeFoor Nicole , Paul Swagatika , Li Shuang , Basso Erwin K. Gudenschwager , Stevenson Valentina , Browning Jack L. , Prater Anna K. , Brindley Samantha , Tao Ge , Pickrell Alicia M.
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2 causes the severe respiratory disease COVID-19. Remdesivir (RDV) was the first fast-tracked FDA approved treatment drug for COVID-19. RDV acts as an antiviral ribonucleoside (adenosine) analogue that becomes active once it accumulates intracellularly. It then diffuses into the host cell and terminates viral RNA transcription. Previous studies have shown that certain nucleoside analogues unintentionally inhibit mitochondrial RNA or DNA polymerases or cause mutational changes to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These past findings on the mitochondrial toxicity of ribonucleoside analogues motivated us to investigate what effects RDV may have on mitochondrial function. Using in vitro and in vivo rodent models treated with RDV, we observed increases in mtDNA copy number in Mv1Lu cells (35.26% increase ± 11.33%) and liver (100.27% increase ± 32.73%) upon treatment. However, these increases only resulted in mild changes to mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, skeletal muscle and heart were extremely resistant to RDV treatment, tissues that have preferentially been affected by other nucleoside analogues. Although our data suggest that RDV does not greatly impact mitochondrial function, these data are insightful for the treatment of RDV for individuals with mitochondrial disease.
Longitudinal change in castration-resistant prostate cancer biomarker AST/ALT ratio reflects tumor progression
Authors: Mitsui Yozo , Yamabe Fumito , Hori Shunsuke , Uetani Masato , Aoki Hiroshi , Sakurabayashi Kei , Okawa Mizuho , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi
Published: September 2023

We investigated whether aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and its change during the course of treatment in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients is associated with tumor condition and lethality. Clinical data from 130 CRPC patients were retrospectively evaluated. AST/ALT ratios at the time of prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), CRPC diagnosis, and the final follow-up examination after CRPC treatment were calculated for each. The prognostic capabilities of the AST/ALT ratio for overall survival (OS) were analyzed by use of the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox hazard models. The median AST/ALT ratio at PC diagnosis was 1.517 and the optimal value predicting lethality defined by the receiver operating curve was 1.467. The AST/ALT ratio decreased once during ADT and then elevated in a stepwise manner with cancer progression. In surviving patients, the median AST/ALT ratio at the time of PC diagnosis was 1.423, which did not change longitudinally, whereas that in patients later deceased was significantly higher (1.620) and further elevated after CRPC diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated significantly worse OS in patients with an AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1.467, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis. These findings indicate AST/ALT ratio as a prognostic biomarker for CRPC with longitudinal changes reflecting tumor progression.
Small RNA sequencing analysis of exosomes derived from umbilical plasma in IUGR lambs
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Li Huixia , Zheng Xiaomin , Liu Yuan , Zhao Peng
Published: September 2023

During the summer, pregnant ewes experience heat stress, leading to the occurrence of IUGR lambs. This study aims to explore the biomarkers of exosomal miRNAs derived from umbilical plasma in both IUGR and normal Hu lambs. We establish a heat-stressed Hu sheep model during mid-late gestation and selected IUGR and normal lambs for analysis. Exosomes from umbilical plasma were separated and small RNA sequencing is used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Next, we utilize MiRanda to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs. To further understand the biological significance of these miRNAs, we conduct GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for their target genes. The study’s findings indicate that oar-miR-411a-5p is significantly downregulated in exosomes derived from umbilical plasma of IUGR lambs, while oar-miR-200c is significantly upregulated in the HS-IUGR group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrate that the target genes are involved in the Wnt, TGF-beta, and Rap1 signaling pathways. miRNAs found in exosomes have the potential to be utilized as biomarkers for both the diagnosis and treatment of IUGR fetuses.
Species-specific lipophilicities of fluorinated diketones in complex equilibria systems and their potential as multifaceted reversible covalent warheads
Authors: Columbus Ishay , Ghindes-Azaria Lee , Herzog Ido Michael , Blum Eliav , Parvari Galit , Eichen Yoav , Cohen Yoram , Gershonov Eytan , Drug Eyal , Saphier Sigal , Elias Shlomi , Smolkin Boris , Zafrani Yossi
Published: September 2023

Combined molecular, physicochemical and chemical properties of electrophilic warheads can be applied to create covalent drugs with diverse facets. Here we study these properties in fluorinated diketones (FDKs) and their multicomponent equilibrium systems in the presence of protic nucleophiles, revealing the potential of the CF2(CO)2 group to act as a multifaceted warhead for reversible covalent drugs. The equilibria compositions of various FDKs in water/octanol contain up to nine species. A simultaneous direct species-specific 19F-NMR-based log P determination of these complex equilibria systems was achieved and revealed in some cases lipophilic to hydrophilic shifts, indicating possible adaptation to different environments. This was also demonstrated in 19F-MAS-NMR-based water-membrane partitioning measurements. An interpretation of the results is suggested by the aid of a DFT study and 19F-DOSY-NMR spectroscopy. In dilute solutions, a model FDK reacted with protected cysteine to form two hemi-thioketal regioisomers, indicating possible flexible regio-reactivity of CF2(CO)2 warheads toward cysteine residues.
Active acoustic field modulation of ultrasonic transducers with flexible composites
Authors: Hou Chenxue , Li Zhaoxi , Fei Chunlong , Li Yi , Wang Yecheng , Zhao Tianlong , Quan Yi , Chen Dongdong , Li Xiaoping , Bao Weimin , Yang Yintang
Published: September 2023

The simple acoustic field generated by conventional transducers limits the development of ultrasound applications. Current methods rely on passive acoustic lenses or active arrays to manipulate ultrasonic waves, but they face challenges such as low transmission efficiency with bulky morphology for lenses, and complex systems with high-cost for arrays. Here, we propose a method exploiting flexible piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (FPUT) with 1-3 PZT8/PDMS composites to achieve a high-frequency and diversified ultrasonic field. The FPUT at a center frequency of 1.5 MHz exhibits a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt ~ 0.74), excellent transmission efficiency, and mechanical conformability. We showcase two dynamic functionalities of our setup, namely variable acoustic focus and multi-order vortex generated by circular and spiral shape transducers. Finally, we show that the FPUT achieves high-resolution underwater ultrasonic imaging at a wide spatial range (>12λ) via ultrasonic collimation, offering a viable technological alternative for active acoustic fields manipulation and ultrasonic applications.
Recent advances in deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Huang Xiwei , Chen Jin , Xiang Rikui , Ke Xiang , Lin Siru , Xuan Weipeng , Liu Shan , Cao Zhen , Sun Lingling
Published: September 2023

Deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies according to how the deformability is characterized and the form in which the force acts.
Target-triggered enzyme-free amplification for highly efficient AND-gated bioimaging in living cells
Authors: Chen Jia , Yu Shengrong , Qian Zhiling , He Kangdi , Li Bingqian , Cao Yuting , Tang Keqi , Yu Shengjia , Wu Yong-Xiang
Published: September 2023

A target-triggered enzyme-free amplification system (GHCR) was constructed as a fluorescent AND-gated sensing platform for intracellular target probing.
Regulating charge distribution of Cu3PdN nanocrystals for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Yao Kai , Fang Zhaobin , Wang Jieyue , Wang Wenhai , Wang Mingyue , Yan Weijie , Ye Mingfu , Jiang Binbin , Wu Konglin , Wei Xianwen
Published: September 2023

The as-synthesized Cu3PdN nanocrystals display high faradaic efficiency and selectivity for nitrate-to-ammonia conversion due to the charge redistribution in Cu3PdN resulting from modulation of the electronic structures of the Pd and Cu atoms.
Iron-sensitive protein conjugates formed with a Wittig reaction precursor in ionic liquid
Authors: Nizam Zeinab M. , Stowe Ashton M. , Mckinney Jada K. , Ohata Jun
Published: September 2023

In this report, formation of protein conjugates with an iron-sensitive enamine linkage is demonstrated through the ionic liquid-based bioconjugation method.
LiErF4 upconversion nanoparticles for the first near-infrared emission via energy management
Authors: Chen Ying , Zheng Xuegang , Liu Meijuan , Lin Haobo , Pan Shusheng , Xing Weiwei , Liu Zhiyu , Xu Dekang , Lin Hao
Published: September 2023

The upconversion nanoparticles emit strong first near-infrared emission under 980 nm excitation.
Hexnuclear, octanuclear, dodecanuclear, and hexadecnuclear polyoxomolybdenum(v)-based porous materials for selective adsorption of gases
Authors: Lin Rong-Yan , Dai Ru-Dan , Dong Xin , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: September 2023

As the pH values decreased, triazole derivative assisted hexa-, octa-, hexadec- and dodeca-polynuclear molybdate-based porous complexes 1–4 are constructed successively. 1–4 have a good adsorption effect on O2 and CO2 respectively.
Repetitive pulsed gas–liquid discharge in different atmospheres: from discharge characteristics to plasma–liquid interactions
Authors: Lu Xu , Zhang Li , Wang Sen , Fang Zhi
Published: September 2023

Intense Ar spark discharge leads to the most efficient plasma–liquid interactions, energetic He particles give rise to multiple synthesis pathways for H2O2, and OH plays different roles in aqueous physicochemical reactions in different atmospheres.
The size effect of BiFeO3 nanocrystals on the spatial spin modulated structure
Authors: Gervits N. E. , Tkachev A. V. , Zhurenko S. V. , Gunbin A. V. , Bogach A. V. , Lomanova N. A. , Danilovich D. P. , Pavlov I. S. , Vasiliev A. L. , Gippius A. A.
Published: September 2023

The spatial spin-modulated structure in BiFeO3 is retained and the anharmonicity parameter decreases with crystallite size decreasing, followed by a change in the anisotropy type from an “easy axis” to an “easy plane” at about 50 nm.
Dynamic geometry design of cyclic peptide architectures for RNA structure
Authors: Ning Shangbo , Sun Min , Dong Xu , Li Anbang , Zeng Chen , Liu Maili , Gong Zhou , Zhao Yunjie
Published: September 2023

Designing inhibitors for RNA is still challenging due to the bottleneck of maintaining the binding interaction of inhibitor-RNA accompanied by subtle RNA flexibility.
Pd/Au bimetallic nanoparticle-anchored BiVO4/TiO2 nanotube arrays toward efficient photoelectrocatalytic Suzuki–Miyaura reactions
Authors: Yan Wenjun , Li Na , Yan Zhiyu , Niu Yu , Deng Yuan , Wang Zhongde
Published: September 2023

Benefiting from the synergistic effect of effective charge carrier separation, wide spectral response and abundant active centers, the Pd/Au/BiVO4/TiO2 nanotube arrays exhibit excellent photoeletrocatalytic activity and reusability for SMC reactions.
A gas-selective Zn-MOF exhibits selective sensing of Fe3+ ions by doping with Tb3+
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Ding Tao , Fei Jie
Published: September 2023

The gas-selective Zn-MOF was successfully synthesized. Tb@Zn-MOF was obtained by doping with rare earth ions Tb3+ on the basis of partially replacing Zn2+ in Zn-MOF, which can be used for the directional detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution.
Atomically inner tandem catalysts for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Liu Yan , Chen Huimei , Yang Yan , Jiao Chi , Zhu Wenkun , Zhang Yaping , Wu Xiaojun , Mao Junjie , Zhuo Zhiwen
Published: September 2023

A new concept of “inner tandem catalysis” was established to boost the conversion of CO2 into highly reduced products through the directional transfer of adsorbed intermediates instead of the random transfer of CO in traditional tandem catalysis.
A constant current triboelectric nanogenerator achieved by hysteretic and ordered charge migration in dielectric polymers
Authors: Wu Huiyuan , Wang Jian , Fu Shaoke , Shan Chuncai , Zhao Qionghua , Li Kaixian , Li Gui , Mu Qianjin , Wang Xue , Hu Chenguo
Published: September 2023

Utilizing the hysteretic and ordered charge migration behavior of dielectric polymers, a new concept of constant current triboelectric nanogenerators is proposed.
Photocatalytic inactivation technologies for bioaerosols: advances and perspective
Authors: Peng Linghui , Wang Haiyu , Wang Yuelong , Li Guiying , An Taicheng
Published: September 2023

Photocatalytic bioaerosol control systems are urgently needed to inactivate airborne pathogenic microorganisms to prevent secondary contamination.
Recent advances in tunable metal–support interactions for enhancing the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Bing-Hao , Chen Guang-Hui , Hu Biao , Chen Lang , Wang Xiong , Tian Sheng , Hu Xing-Sheng , Li Yang , Peng Chao , Yin Shuang-Feng
Published: September 2023

Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction using inexhaustible solar energy has been considered as a promising strategy for NH3 synthesis. The design of heterogeneous photocatalysts with tunable MSIs is of great significance.
Potential of using microalgae to sequester carbon dioxide and processing to bioproducts
Authors: Balan Venkatesh , Pierson James , Husain Hasan , Kumar Sandeep , Saffron Christopher , Kumar Vinod
Published: September 2023

Microalgae could be sustainably used to sequester CO2 and processed to fuels and chemicals.
Integrating biomass and minerals into photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic N2 fixation coupled with biomass conversion
Authors: Gao Rongrong , Zhang Yuying , Han Chaoya , Gui Haoguan , Yao Chao , Ni Chaoying , Li Xiazhang
Published: September 2023

Fe-modified attapulgite clay-supported hydrothermal carbon nanosheets from biomass waste form S-scheme heterostructures mimicking a natural branch-leaf morphology and realize photocatalytic nitrogen reduction coupled with lignin biomass oxidation.
Restoration of triphenylphosphine using the “sulfur method”: two valuable chemicals from waste products
Authors: Zhang Jian-Qiu , Wang Xin , Wang Teng , Chen Tieqiao , Han Li-Biao
Published: September 2023

Ph3P is found to be inert to sodium in toluene even on heating.
In situ transformation of Co-MOF nanorods into Co3S4/Ni3S2 nanotube arrays for electrochemical biomass upgrading
Authors: Feng Yixuan , Smith Richard Lee , Fu Junyan , Qi Xinhua
Published: September 2023

The in situ transformation of one-dimensional (1D) Co-based metal–organic framework (Co-MOF) precursors into Co3S4/Ni3S2 nanotube arrays on nickel foam (NF) was realized by ion exchange and synchronous etching via solvothermal sulfurization.
Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 with functionalized gold and molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles: a mini review
Authors: Singla Pankaj , Kaur Harpreet , Garg Saweta , Kaur Navalpreet , Canfarotta Francesco , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Peeters Marloes
Published: September 2023

Numerous tests have been developed for early clinical detection of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, including RT-PCR, rapid PCR, laminar flow tests, and large-scale decentralized screening of SARS-CoV-2 in a point-of-care format.
Post COVID-19 complications and follow up biomarkers
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Ali Amjed , Usman Muhammad , Naz Anam , Qureshi Javed Anver , Bajaber Majed A. , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2023

Millions of people got infected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, which left a huge burden on the care of post COVID-19 survivors around the globe.
Direct characterization of intrinsic defects in monolayer ReSe2 on graphene
Authors: Lam Nguyen Huu , Ko Jae-Hyeok , Choi Byoung Ki , Ly Trinh Thi , Lee Giyeok , Jang Kyuha , Chang Young Jun , Soon Aloysius , Kim Jungdae
Published: September 2023

By establishing a close collaboration between high-resolution STM/STS experiments and advanced STM models, we elucidate how intrinsic defects influence the electronic properties of monolayer ReSe2 on graphene.
Tuneable effects of pyrrolic N and pyridinic N on the enhanced field emission properties of nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Meng Guodong , Zhan Fuzhi , She Junyi , Xie Jinan , Zheng Qinren , Cheng Yonghong , Yin Zongyou
Published: September 2023

Providing insight into the specific tuneable effect of different N doping configurations and N doping ratio on the field emission properties of graphene.
Energetic bi-diazole ‘transformers’ toward high-energy thermostable energetic compounds
Authors: Meng Jingwei , Fei Teng , Cai Jinxiong , Lai Qi , Zhang Jinya , Pang Siping , He Chunlin
Published: September 2023

DATNBP-2 is designed and synthesized through isomerization of bi-diazole backbones. It possesses the highest Td value among the reported analogs so far, and its detonation performance and mechanical sensitivity are better than those of RDX and HNS.
Proton penetration mechanism and selective hydrogen isotope separation through two-dimensional biphenylene
Authors: Zhao Jiahui , Pan Changti , Zhang Yue , Li Xiyu , Zhang Guozhen , Yang Li
Published: September 2023

The proton penetration mechanism and the associated isotope separation behavior through two-dimensional biphenylene were systematically investigated and presented.
Healable supramolecular micelle/nano-encapsulated metal composite phase change material for thermal energy storage
Authors: Muhabie Adem Ali
Published: September 2023

Phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as promising materials for latent heat storage due to their characteristic solid–liquid phase transition behavior during the melting and cooling process.
Latent bloodstain detection using a selective turn-on NIR fluorescence dye responsive to serum albumin
Authors: Qu Jing , Meador William , Cheah Pohlee , Tanner Eden E. L. , Delcamp Jared , Zhao Yongfeng
Published: September 2023

Latent bloodstains can be visualized using a selective turn-on NIR fluorescence dye responsive to serum albumin. This non-destructive method can detect aged bloodstains and image latent blood fingerprint patterns against colorful backgrounds.
Effect of cellulose materials on the mechanochemical-assisted reaction system with oleic acid
Authors: Lease Jacqueline , Kawano Tessei , Andou Yoshito
Published: September 2023

Investigation of the effect of the types of cellulose on the degree of substitution via mechanochemical reaction.
An investigation on a WO3/MoO3−x heterojunction photocatalyst for excellent photocatalytic performance and enhanced molecular oxygen activation ability
Authors: Shao Yuxuan , You Dan , Wan Yuqi , Cheng Qingrong , Pan Zhiquan
Published: September 2023

A novel Z-scheme WO3/MoO3−x heterojunction was synthesized through hydrothermal method. The heterojunction with unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects had excellent photocatalytic performance.
N-Acyloxymethyl-phthalimides deliver genotoxic formaldehyde to human cells
Authors: Emms Vicki L. , Lewis Liam A. , Beja Lilla , Bulman Natasha F. A. , Pires Elisabete , Muskett Frederick W. , McCullagh James S. O. , Swift Lonnie. P. , McHugh Peter J. , Hopkinson Richard J.
Published: September 2023

N-Acyloxymethyl-phthalimides are esterase-sensitive chemical tools that enable controllable delivery of formaldehyde to human cells.