bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health disclosure amongst clinical psychologists in training: Perfectionism and pragmatism
Authors: Grice Tom , Alcock Kat , Scior Katrina
Published: March 2018

Objectives

This study investigated the incidence of lived experience of mental health problems amongst UK‐based trainee clinical psychologists and factors associated with anticipated disclosure for trainees both with and without lived experience.

Methods

A web‐based survey comprising the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, an adapted version of the Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination Scale, and questions about lived experience and anticipated likelihood of disclosure.

Results

The survey was completed by 348 trainees across 19 UK training institutions. Sixty‐seven percent reported lived experience of a mental health problem. For these trainees, there was no difference in anticipated likelihood of disclosing to different recipient types after controlling for maladaptive perfectionism. However, across all participants, anticipated disclosure was associated with maladaptive perfectionism, temporal proximity, anticipated stigma (past), and recipient type. Anticipated stigma (present) was not associated with anticipated disclosure.

Conclusions

Results support an approach to communicating about mental health disclosure that incorporates responsibility, interdependency, and transparency. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
Forging Amides Through Metal‐Catalyzed C–C Coupling with Isocyanates
Authors: Serrano Eloisa , Martin Ruben
Published: March 2018

The natural occurrence of amides and their unique roles in synthetic materials and biologically active compounds make amide synthesis one of the most routinely performed reactions in organic chemistry. Despite the advances achieved, there is a growing need for the design of new catalytic technologies to complement existing amide bond‐forming reactions, which are often based on the formation of carbon–nitrogen bonds. Recent years have witnessed the development of a new disconnection approach to forging amides by means of metal‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions. This microreview highlights the most recent developments in the use of isocyanates in metal‐catalyzed amidations that take place according to this design principle. With the aim of illustrating the prospective impact of the use of isocyanates as amide synthons, this review highlights the advantages and drawbacks of the existing methods and describes the mechanistic implications when appropriate.
The relationship between environmental factors and magnetic susceptibility in the Ili loess, Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia
Authors: Zeng Mengxiu , Song Yougui , Li Yue , Fu Chaofeng , Qiang Xiaoke , Chang Hong , Zhu Lidong , Zhang Zhiping , Cheng Liangqing
Published: March 2018

The mechanisms of the magnetic susceptibility (MS) enhancement of loess from Arid Central Asia (ACA) have received much attention recently. Consensus varies about factors controlling the magnetic properties as well as the environmental implications, and much effort needs to be gone into how surface processes affect the MS. In this study, we collected 214 topsoil, near‐surface loess, and fluvial sediment samples covering different elevations, climatic conditions, and vegetation from the Ili Valley in eastern ACA and analysed their magnetic properties and composition to investigate the factors influencing MS. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was employed to assess the relationship between environmental indicators and environmental factors. Our results show that (a) the concentration of pedogenic magnetic particles in the Ili loess and topsoils is limited. χlf is higher in loess but lower in paleosol, mainly attributable to changes in wind intensity; (b) the mean χfd, χfd%, and χlf values of topsoil are lower in the desert steppe and forest–meadow zones, but highest in the montane steppe zone, and are not positively associated with vegetation coverage and the intensity of pedogenic processes; and (c) elevation exerts the most important impact on topsoil χfd and χfd%, while χlf is influenced more by temperature than precipitation. (d) The magnetic enhancement could be mainly attributed to wind velocity; we also should consider elevation and other factors such as local material, climatic conditions, and distance to the dust source when interpreting the paleoclimatic or paleoenvironmental significance of magnetic parameters.
Tectonic significance of the Late Carboniferous Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange from Xi‐Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wang Guosheng , Zhou Zhiguang , Changfeng Liu , Wu Chen , Li Hongying , Jiang Tian
Published: March 2018

The Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange is a newly discovered ophiolite suite located between the Solonker‐Linxi ophiolite belt and the Erenhot‐Hegenshan‐Xi‐Ujimqin ophiolite belt, the central part of Xilinhot Microcontinent (XLMC). It was composed of plagiogranite, pyroxene peridotite, pillow basaltic andesite, and associated mafic rocks and surrounded by a quartz diorite pluton and mélange zone containing sandstones and slates of Early Permian Shoushangou Formation. In this study, zircon grains from a quartz diorite and a plagiogranite yield206Pb/238U ages of 313 ± 1 Ma (MSWD = 1.60,n = 20) and 328 ± 1 Ma (MSWD = 0.9,n = 93), respectively. Sixty‐four zircons from the slate yielded ages ranging from 307 to 2,313 Ma, and with a peak at 340 Ma. These data indicate the Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange formed 300 to 340 Ma. The Zhunmubutai plagiogranites that have low contents of K2O (0.07–0.33 wt.%), K2O/Na2O (0.02–0.09), and Rb/Sr (0.01–0.05) show an oceanic plagiogranites affinity. They are also characterized by low contents of TiO2, Nd, Ta, and significant LREE enrichment. Furthermore, the εHf(328 Ma) values range from 14.23 to 18.87. These features suggest that the plagiogranite was originated by the anatexis of amphibolites and with crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, suggest that the Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange may have formed in an extensional environment during the early stages of opening of an ocean basin.
Genetic implications for the Damajianshan W‐Cu‐As polymetallic deposit in Lvchun, Southwest China: Constraints from H–O, He–Ar, S, and Pb isotopes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Guishan , Wen Hanjie , Qin Chaojian , Li Rongxi , Zhu Chuanwei , Du Shengjiang
Published: March 2018

The Sanjiang Tethyan domain in SE Asia is one of the most important mineral belts in China. The Damajianshan (DMJS) W‐Cu‐As polymetallic deposit is located in the southern part of Sanjiang Tethyan domain, related to Triassic quartz porphyry. Detailed exploration thereafter shows that the reserves of W, Cu, and As are 0.09, 0.42, and 0.12 Mt, respectively. The W is a typical oxyphile element and always coexisted with Sn–Li–Be–Nb–Ta. The Cu–As are typical sulphophile elements and always coexisted with Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Sb–Hg. It is rarely reported that a deposit preserves tungsten and copper–arsenic simultaneously in the southern Sanjiang region. In this study, the S–Pb isotopic ratios of sulphides, the H–O isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz, and the He–Ar isotopic ratios of fluid inclusions in sulphides were analysed to constrain the origin of the DMJS deposit. Studies have shown that the δ34S values of sulphides from ores are mainly between −6.17‰ and +0.02‰; the sulphur isotope compositions indicate that the ore‐forming materials might originate from deep sources. The Pb isotope characteristics indicate that the ore metals might originate from deep sources and be closely related to the quartz porphyry. The δ18Ofluid values of ore‐forming fluids calculated from hydrothermal quartz range from −5.5‰ to +7.5‰, and the δD values of the fluid inclusions in quartz are from −81.7‰ to −50.2‰. The H–O isotope systematics indicate that the ore fluids in the DMJS deposit were probably initially sourced from magmatic water and later gradually mixed with Mesozoic meteoric water. Fluid inclusions in pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite possess 3He/4He ratios of 0.02–0.05 Ra, and their 40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 562.47 to 4159.15, indicating a complete crustal fluids and with higher radiogenic 40Ar. The noble gas isotopic data, along with the stable isotopic data, suggest that the ore‐forming fluids have a deep source. The unique geologic structure of the Sanjiang Tethys tectonic metallogenic region and the evolution of ore‐forming fluids both promoted the formation of this rare DMJS deposit.
Reproducibility of myelin content‐based human habenula segmentation at 3 Tesla
Authors: Kim Joo‐Won , Naidich Thomas P. , Joseph Joshmi , Nair Divya , Glasser Matthew F. , O'halloran Rafael , Doucet Gaelle E. , Lee Won Hee , Krinsky Hannah , Paulino Alejandro , Glahn David C. , Anticevic Alan , Frangou Sophia , Xu Junqian
Published: March 2018

In vivo morphological study of the human habenula, a pair of small epithalamic nuclei adjacent to the dorsomedial thalamus, has recently gained significant interest for its role in reward and aversion processing. However, segmenting the habenula from in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the habenula's small size and low anatomical contrast. Although manual and semi‐automated habenula segmentation methods have been reported, the test‐retest reproducibility of the segmented habenula volume and the consistency of the boundaries of habenula segmentation have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility of in vivo human habenula segmentation from 3T MRI (0.7–0.8 mm isotropic resolution) using our previously proposed semi‐automated myelin contrast‐based method and its fully‐automated version, as well as a previously published manual geometry‐based method. The habenula segmentation using our semi‐automated method showed consistent boundary definition (high Dice coefficient, low mean distance, and moderate Hausdorff distance) and reproducible volume measurement (low coefficient of variation). Furthermore, the habenula boundary in our semi‐automated segmentation from 3T MRI agreed well with that in the manual segmentation from 7T MRI (0.5 mm isotropic resolution) of the same subjects. Overall, our proposed semi‐automated habenula segmentation showed reliable and reproducible habenula localization, while its fully‐automated version offers an efficient way for large sample analysis.
A meta‐analytic review of social problem‐solving interventions in preschool settings
Authors: Barnes Tia Navelene , Wang Feihong , O'Brien Kristen Merrill
Published: March 2018

Early intervention is valuable in preventing negative behavioural outcomes and promoting positive social competence in young children with externalizing behaviours. Interventions that teach social problem solving (SPS) are a promising solution, as children with behavioural difficulties often have deficits in these skills. School‐based SPS programming has been shown to prevent and remediate externalizing behaviours for older children, but a summary of its effectiveness for preschoolers in early childhood settings is unavailable. The purpose of the current meta‐analytic review was to (a) provide a summary of the characteristics of current SPS instruction in preschool settings and (b) examine the effectiveness of interventions that include an SPS component in decreasing externalizing behaviours and increasing social competence among preschoolers. Using meta‐analytic review, we present common characteristics of preschool interventions that include SPS and provide evidence for the efficacy of these interventions in reducing externalizing behaviours and increasing social competence in preschoolers.

Highlights

We performed a meta‐analytic review of preschool social problem‐solving interventions (SPS).

We examined both preschool‐based and home‐based reports of behavior and social competence for meta‐analysis.

We found evidence for the efficacy of interventions in reducing externalizing behavior and increasing social competence for preschool‐based reports.
A PRDX1‐p38α heterodimer amplifies MET‐driven invasion of IDH‐wildtype and IDH‐mutant gliomas
Authors: Wirthschaft Peter , Bode Julia , Simon Anika E.M. , Hoffmann Elisa , van Laack Rebecca , Krüwel Thomas , Dietrich Fabio , Bucher Delia , Hahn Artur , Sahm Felix , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Kurz Felix T. , Hielscher Thomas , Fischer Bernd , Dross Nicolas , Ruiz de Almodovar Carmen , von Deimling Andreas , Herold‐Mende Christel , Plass Christoph , Boulant Steeve , Wiestler Benedikt , Reifenberger Guido , Lichter Peter , Wick Wolfgang , Tews Björn
Published: March 2018

The Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) gene maps to chromosome arm 1p and is hemizygously deleted and epigenetically silenced in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH)‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted oligodendroglial tumors. In contrast, IDH‐wildtype astrocytic gliomas including glioblastomas mostly lack epigenetic silencing and express PRDX1 protein. In our study, we investigated how PRDX1 contributes to the infiltrative growth of IDH‐wildtype gliomas. Focusing on p38α‐dependent pathways, we analyzed clinical data from 133 patients of the NOA‐04 trial cohort to look for differences in the gene expression profiles of gliomas with wildtype or mutant IDH. Biochemical interaction studies as well as in vitro and ex vivo migration studies were used to establish a biological role of PRDX1 in maintaining pathway activity. Whole‐brain high‐resolution ultramicroscopy and survival analyses of pre‐clinical mouse models for IDH‐wildtype gliomas were then used for in vivo confirmation. Based on clinical data, we found that the absence of PRDX1 is associated with changes in the expression of MET/HGF signaling components. PRDX1 forms a heterodimer with p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), stabilizing phospho‐p38α in glioma cells. This process amplifies hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐mediated signaling and stimulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics that promote glioma cell migration. Whole‐brain high‐resolution ultramicroscopy confirms these findings, indicating that PRDX1 promotes glioma brain invasion in vivo. Finally, reduced expression of PRDX1 increased survival in mouse glioma models. Thus, our preclinical findings suggest that PRDX1 expression levels may serve as a molecular marker for patients who could benefit from targeted inhibition of MET/HGF signaling.
EphA2 receptor is a key player in the metastatic onset of Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Garcia‐Monclús Silvia , López‐Alemany Roser , Almacellas‐Rabaiget Olga , Herrero‐Martín David , Huertas‐Martinez Juan , Lagares‐Tena Laura , Alba‐Pavón Piedad , Hontecillas‐Prieto Lourdes , Mora Jaume , de Álava Enrique , Rello‐Varona Santi , Giangrande Paloma H. , Tirado Oscar M.
Published: March 2018

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone malignancy affecting children and young adults with poor prognosis due to high metastasis incidence. Our group previously described that EphA2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, promotes angiogenesis in Ewing sarcoma (ES) cells via ligand‐dependent signaling. Now we wanted to explore EphA2 ligand‐independent activity, controlled upon phosphorylation at S897 (p‐EphA2S897), as it has been linked to metastasis in several malignancies. By reverse genetic engineering we explored the phenotypic changes after EphA2 removal or reintroduction. Gene expression microarray was used to identify key players in EphA2 signaling. Mice were employed to reproduce metastatic processes from orthotopically implanted engineered cells. We established a correlation between ES cells aggressiveness and p‐EphA2S897. Moreover, stable overexpression of EphA2 in low EphA2 expression ES cells enhanced proliferation and migration, but not a non‐phosphorylable mutant (S987A). Consistently, silencing of EphA2 reduced tumorigenicity, migration and invasion in vitro, and lung metastasis incidence in experimental and spontaneous metastasis assays in vivo. A gene expression microarray revealed the implication of EphA2 in cell signaling, cellular movement and survival. ADAM19 knockdown by siRNA technology strongly reproduced the negative effects on cell migration observed after EphA2 silencing. Altogether, our results suggest that p‐EphA2S897 correlates with aggressiveness in ES, so blocking its function may be a promising treatment.
Smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in Eastern European men: Findings from the PrivMort retrospective cohort study
Authors: Stefler Denes , Azarova Aytalina , Irdam Darja , Scheiring Gabor , Murphy Michael , McKee Martin , King Larry , Bobak Martin
Published: March 2018

Eastern European men have among the highest cancer mortality rates globally. Prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake in this region is also high. The aim of our study was to calculate population attributable risk fraction (PARF) of cancer deaths from smoking and alcohol in Russia, Belarus and Hungary, and to examine the contribution of these lifestyle factors to differences in male cancer mortality in the three countries. Data were collected as part of the PrivMort retrospective cohort study. Randomly selected participants living in mid‐size towns in Russia, Belarus and Hungary provided information on smoking habits, alcohol consumption, vital status and cause of death (if applicable) of male relatives (fathers, siblings and partners). PARF of cancer deaths (age 35–79) due to smoking, alcohol consumption and both combined was estimated between 2001 and 2013. Among 72,190 men, 4,702 died of cancer. Age standardized cancer mortality rates were similar to official data in all three countries. The estimated PARF (95% CI) associated with measures of smoking, alcohol consumption, both combined, and overall smoking or drinking were 25% (19–30), 2% (0–4), 29% (19–39), 43% (32–53) in Russia, 18% (8–28), 2% (−1 to 6), 28% (20–35), 38% (25–50) in Belarus and 17% (13–20), 1% (0–3), 25% (20–30), 35% (28–42) in Hungary, respectively. These results suggest that in Eastern Europe, at least one third of cancer deaths in males may have been attributable to smoking and/or alcohol consumption in recent years. Health policies targeting these lifestyle factors can have a major impact on population health.
An improved statistical downscaling scheme of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation in the Heihe River basin, China
Authors: Zhao Na , Yue Tianxiang , Chen Chuanfa , Zhao Mingwei , Fan Zemeng
Published: March 2018

Estimating an accurate spatial distribution of precipitation with high resolution is necessary for hydrological and ecological applications, especially in data‐scarce and terrain‐complicated river basins. Satellite‐based precipitation data have been widely used to measure the spatial patterns of precipitation, but an improvement in accuracy and resolution is needed. In this article, a new statistical downscaling method is proposed to generate improved monthly precipitation fields at a higher spatial resolution of 1 km in Heihe River basin (HRB), China. The presented methods employed the geographical weighted regression (GWR) method to explore the non‐stationarity between precipitation and its factors, and used the high‐accuracy surface modelling method (HASM) to compensate for the errors produced in the GWR downscaling process. The GWR model was first established under five different spatial scales, and the optimal relation between precipitation derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and its influencing factors was found for each month. The errors caused during the scale change were modified by performing HASM as a data merging framework, which considered both the local climate characteristics and meteorological observations. Results showed that the GWR downscaling method could not generate spatial patterns of precipitation similar to those of the original TRMM products. Although the performance of the GWR method after residual interpolations using Kriging, IDW, and tension Spline was improved, there existed significant variations in some regions, and the accuracy of those methods was still not satisfactory. In comparison with the other four models, GWR‐HASM showed better performance in reproducing the precipitation field at a high spatial resolution. Results indicate that the proposed downscaling method appears feasible for precipitation estimation in data‐scarce river basins.
Influences of cutting fluid conditions and cutting parameters on surface integrity of Inconel 718 under high‐pressure jet–assisted machining (HPJAM)
Authors: Mohsan Aziz Ul Hassan , Liu Zhanqiang , Ren Xiaoping , Liu Wentao
Published: March 2018

Cutting fluids are widely used in machining processes for cooling and lubricating the tool and workpiece interface to enhance machinability. However, the generation of machined surface under cutting fluid conditions is more complex than that under dry cutting conditions. In this study, orthogonal turning of the difficult‐to‐machine Inconel 718 alloy is conducted under dry and high‐pressure jet–assisted machining, respectively. The machining parameters and coolant conditions are investigated to optimise the surface integrity. Machining forces, microhardness, profile, and areal surface topography are analysed. Results show that a higher cutting speed of 140 m/min and a coolant pressure of 150 to 200 bar are the optimums to produce a satisfactory machined surface. High‐pressure coolant in cutting processes can lower the formation of surface deformities, improve surface integrity, and increase productivity. At a higher cutting speed and optimum coolant pressure, cutting forces are decreased, and the surface hardness as well as depth of the machining‐affected zone is depleted.
On stability and stabilization of some discrete dynamical systems
Authors: Čermák Jan , Jánský Jiří , Matsunaga Hideaki
Published: March 2018

The paper formulates effective and nonimprovable stability conditions for a linear difference system involving 2 integer delays. The used technique combines algorithm of the discrete D‐decomposition method with some procedures of the polynomial theory. Contrary to the related existing results, the derived conditions are fully explicit with respect to both delays, which enables their simple applicability in various scientific and engineering areas. As an illustration, we show their importance in delayed feedback controls of discrete dynamical systems, with a particular emphasis put on stabilization of unstable steady states of the discrete logistic map.
On the global existence and small dissipation limit for generalized dissipative Zakharov system
Authors: Wang Xueqin , Shang Yadong
Published: March 2018

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of the global solutions to the initial boundary value problem for a generalized Zakharov system with direct self‐interaction of the dispersive waves and weak dissipation in the nondispersive subsystem. We prove the global existence of the generalized solution to the problem by a priori estimates and Galerkin method. We also establish the regularity of the global generalized solution and the existence and uniqueness of the global classical solution. Moreover, we obtain the convergence of the solutions of the generalized Zakharov system with dissipation as the dissipative coefficient approaches zero.
Meromorphic solutions of some algebraic differential equations related Painlevé equation IV and its applications
Authors: Gu Yongyi , Yuan Wenjun , Aminakbari Najva , Lin Jianming
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the complex method is used to derive meromorphic solutions to some algebraic differential equations related Painlevé equation IV, and then we illustrate our main result by some computer simulations. By the application of our result, we obtain meromorphic solutions of a nonlinear evolution equation. We can apply the idea of this study for other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
Teaching NMR spectra analysis with nmr.cheminfo.org
Authors: Patiny Luc , Bolaños Alejandro , Castillo Andrés M. , Bernal Andrés , Wist Julien
Published: March 2018

Teaching spectra analysis and structure elucidation requires students to get trained on real problems. This involves solving exercises of increasing complexity and when necessary using computational tools. Although desktop software packages exist for this purpose, nmr.cheminfo.org platform offers students an online alternative. It provides a set of exercises and tools to help solving them. Only a small number of exercises are currently available, but contributors are invited to submit new ones and suggest new types of problems.
Super‐resolution musculoskeletal MRI using deep learning
Authors: Chaudhari Akshay S. , Fang Zhongnan , Kogan Feliks , Wood Jeff , Stevens Kathryn J. , Gibbons Eric K. , Lee Jin Hyung , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

To develop a super‐resolution technique using convolutional neural networks for generating thin‐slice knee MR images from thicker input slices, and compare this method with alternative through‐plane interpolation methods.

Methods

We implemented a 3D convolutional neural network entitled DeepResolve to learn residual‐based transformations between high‐resolution thin‐slice images and lower‐resolution thick‐slice images at the same center locations. DeepResolve was trained using 124 double echo in steady‐state (DESS) data sets with 0.7‐mm slice thickness and tested on 17 patients. Ground‐truth images were compared with DeepResolve, clinically used tricubic interpolation, and Fourier interpolation methods, along with state‐of‐the‐art single‐image sparse‐coding super‐resolution. Comparisons were performed using structural similarity, peak SNR, and RMS error image quality metrics for a multitude of thin‐slice downsampling factors. Two musculoskeletal radiologists ranked the 3 data sets and reviewed the diagnostic quality of the DeepResolve, tricubic interpolation, and ground‐truth images for sharpness, contrast, artifacts, SNR, and overall diagnostic quality. Mann‐Whitney U tests evaluated differences among the quantitative image metrics, reader scores, and rankings. Cohen's Kappa (κ) evaluated interreader reliability.

Results

DeepResolve had significantly better structural similarity, peak SNR, and RMS error than tricubic interpolation, Fourier interpolation, and sparse‐coding super‐resolution for all downsampling factors (p < .05, except 4 × and 8 × sparse‐coding super‐resolution downsampling factors). In the reader study, DeepResolve significantly outperformed (p < .01) tricubic interpolation in all image quality categories and overall image ranking. Both readers had substantial scoring agreement (κ = 0.73).

Conclusion

DeepResolve was capable of resolving high‐resolution thin‐slice knee MRI from lower‐resolution thicker slices, achieving superior quantitative and qualitative diagnostic performance to both conventionally used and state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Farming system and wheat cultivar affect infestation of, and parasitism on, Cephus cinctus in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Adhikari Subodh , Seipel Tim , Menalled Fabian D , Weaver David K
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Cephus cinctus infestation causes $350 million in annual losses in the Northern Great Plains. We compared infestation and parasitism of C. cinctus in spring (including Kamut; Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) and winter wheat cultivars grown in organic and conventional fields in Montana, USA. In the greenhouse, we compared C. cinctus preference and survival in Kamut, Gunnison, and Reeder spring wheat cultivars.

RESULTS

Stems cut by C. cinctus varied by farming system and the seasonality of the wheat crop. No stems of Kamut in organic fields were cut by C. cinctus, but 1.5% [±0.35% standard error (SE)] of stems in conventional spring wheat, 5% (±0.70% SE) of stems in organic winter wheat, and 20% (±0.93% SE) of stems in conventional winter wheat fields were cut by C. cinctus. More larvae of C. cinctus were parasitized in organic (27 ± 0.03% SE) compared with conventional (5 ± 0.01% SE) winter wheat fields. Cephus cinctus oviposition, survival, and the number of stems cut were lowest in Kamut compared with Gunnison and Reeder.

CONCLUSION

Cephus cinctus infestation was more common in winter wheat than in spring wheat. Organic fields with fewer cut stems also supported more parasitoids. Kamut is a genetic resource for developing C. cinctus‐resistant cultivars. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cell‐assembled nanoclusters of MSC‐targeting Gd‐DOTA‐peptide as a T2 contrast agent for MRI cell tracking
Authors: Zhang Pengli , Zhang Yanhui , Li Binbin , Zhang Hailu , Lin Haixia , Deng Zongwu , Tan Bo
Published: March 2018

A cyclic peptide CC9 that targets cell membrane of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is coupled with Gd‐DOTA to yield a Gd‐DOTA‐CC9 complex as MRI contrast agent. It is used to label human MSCs (hMSCs) via electroporation. Electroporation‐labeling of hMSCs with Gd‐DOTA‐CC9 induces cell‐assembly of Gd‐DOTA‐CC9 nanoclusters in the cytoplasm, significantly promotes cell‐labeling efficacy and intracellular retention time of the agent. In vitro MRI of labeled hMSCs exhibits significant signal reduction under T2‐weighted MRI, which can allow long‐term tracking of labeled cell transplants in in vivo migration. The labeling strategy is safe in cytotoxicity and differentiation potential.
Targeting disciplinary practices in an online learning environment
Authors: Jaber Lama Z. , Dini Vesal , Hammer David , Danahy Ethan
Published: March 2018

The Framework for K–12 Science Education (National Research Council, 2012) outlines eight practices to represent the diverse ways scientists construct and evaluate knowledge. Engaging students in these practices is a key instructional target in the science classroom. This target, however, creates particular challenges for online instruction, which has predominantly focused on delivering content. This study shows the possibility of addressing disciplinary practices online, here in the context of a professional development course for in‐service science teachers, which we designed based on previous work in responsive teaching. We examine an episode of the participants’ engagement in an online text‐based message board and identify evidence of disciplinary practices in their work. We discuss design elements and instructional choices that supported disciplinary engagement: building instruction around learners’ ideas, developing online spaces in interaction with learners, and privileging learners’ engagement in disciplinary practices as an objective.
Improving critical thinking growth for disadvantaged groups within elementary school science: A randomized controlled trial using the Science Writing Heuristic approach
Authors: Hand Brian , Shelley Mack C. , Laugerman Marcia , Fostvedt Luke , Therrien William
Published: March 2018

In a cluster‐randomized study, we investigate the impact of an argument‐based approach to teaching science in elementary school on science learning and critical thinking skills. Forty‐eight schools participated in the study, with data on 9,963 students across the 2 years of the intervention. Annual standardized tests assessing science content knowledge were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on science using a hierarchical linear model. To assess critical thinking abilities, scores for the Cornell Critical Thinking instrument were assessed for the 2,353 students in fifth grade using a multilevel model. While no statistically significant gains were found for science content, there was statistically significant evidence that the intervention was associated with an improvement in critical thinking scores (p < .05, ES = 0.167). In particular, the strongest gains were for students in the following groups: individual education plan, free and reduced price lunch, and English language learners.
Bayesian modelling of lung function data from multiple‐breath washout tests
Authors: Mahar Robert K. , Carlin John B. , Ranganathan Sarath , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Vuillermin Peter , Vukcevic Damjan
Published: March 2018

Paediatric respiratory researchers have widely adopted the multiple‐breath washout (MBW) test because it allows assessment of lung function in unsedated infants and is well suited to longitudinal studies of lung development and disease. However, a substantial proportion of MBW tests in infants fail current acceptability criteria. We hypothesised that a model‐based approach to analysing the data, in place of traditional simple empirical summaries, would enable more efficient use of these tests. We therefore developed a novel statistical model for infant MBW data and applied it to 1197 tests from 432 individuals from a large birth cohort study. We focus on Bayesian estimation of the lung clearance index, the most commonly used summary of lung function from MBW tests. Our results show that the model provides an excellent fit to the data and shed further light on statistical properties of the standard empirical approach. Furthermore, the modelling approach enables the lung clearance index to be estimated by using tests with different degrees of completeness, something not possible with the standard approach. Our model therefore allows previously unused data to be used rather than discarded, as well as routine use of shorter tests without significant loss of precision. Beyond our specific application, our work illustrates a number of important aspects of Bayesian modelling in practice, such as the importance of hierarchical specifications to account for repeated measurements and the value of model checking via posterior predictive distributions.
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil 5 mg Once Daily for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Kim Soodong , Sung Gyung Tak
Published: March 2018

Background

Although nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (NS-RALP) is performed, a large number of patients still experience erectile dysfunction (ED) after surgery.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg once daily (OaD) in ED treatment over 2 years and investigate the cause of vascular ED after NS-RARP.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 95 men who underwent NS-RARP and had a penile rehabilitation treatment with tadalafil 5 mg OaD. They were classified into 3 groups: tadalafil 5 mg OaD for 2 years (group I), tadalafil 5 mg OaD for 1 year (group II), and no tadalafil (group III). All patients in group I underwent penile color duplex ultrasound to evaluate the cause of vascular ED.

Outcomes

Patients were surveyed using the abridged 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5).

Results

Statistically significant improvements were observed in group I for all IIEF-5 domain scores (P = .000). There was no statistically significant difference in recovery of erectile function (EF) the 2-year follow-up between groups I and II. Sub-analysis based on NS status showed no difference in recovery of EF. However, group I showed better trends in EF improvement. Those with venogenic ED had poor responses compared with those with arteriogenic ED or unremarkable findings with tadalafil 5-mg OaD treatment (14.2% vs 55.0% vs 53.3%). The overall side effects included hot flushing in 9.5%, headache in 7.1%, and dizziness in 2.3% of patients.

Clinical Implications

Long-term usage of tadalafil 5 mg OaD after RARP can be an effective option for penile rehabilitation.

Strengths and Limitations

The present study is a retrospective study with a relatively small sample.

Conclusions

Although the responses of patients with venogenic ED were limited compared with those with arteriogenic ED, tadalafil 5-mg OaD treatment was well tolerated and significantly improved EF up to 2 years after NS-RARP.
What features of stigma do the public most commonly attribute to Alzheimer's disease dementia? Results of a survey of the U.S. general public
Authors: Stites Shana D. , Rubright Jonathan D. , Karlawish Jason
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Understanding the prevalence of beliefs, attitudes, and expectations about Alzheimer's disease dementia in the public could inform strategies to mitigate stigma.

Methods

Random sample of 317 adults from the U.S. public was analyzed to understand reactions toward a man with mild‐stage Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Results

In adjusted analyses, over half of respondents expected the person to be discriminated against by employers (55.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 47.0–65.2) and be excluded from medical decision‐making (55.3%; 95% CI = 46.9–65.4). Almost half expected his health insurance would be limited based on data in the medical record (46.6%; 95% CI = 38.0–57.2), a brain imaging result (45.6%, 95% CI = 37.0–56.3), or genetic test result (44.7%; 95% CI = 36.0–55.4).

Discussion

Public education and policies are needed to address concerns about employment and insurance discrimination. Studies are needed to discover how advances in diagnosis and treatment may change Alzheimer's disease stigma.
Influence of medications on taste and smell
Authors: Schiffman Susan S.
Published: March 2018

Medications frequently have chemosensory side effects that can adversely affect compliance with medical treatment regimens. Hundreds of drugs have been reported to induce unpleasant tastes and/or odors as well as altered chemosensations when administered alone or in combination with other medications. Some chemosensory complaints are due to the sensory properties of the drug itself such as aversive bitter and metallic tastes. However, most chemosensory side effects of drugs are due to alterations in the transduction pathways, biochemical targets, enzymes, and transporters by the offending medications. Studies of chemosensory perception in medicated older individuals have found that taste and smell loss is greatest for those consuming the largest number of prescription drugs. There are no standard treatments for drug‐induced chemosensory disorders because each drug has unique biological effects. However, there are a few treatment options to ameliorate chemosensory alterations including addition of simulated flavors to food to compensate for losses and to override offending tastes and smells.
Urine Culture on Admission Impacts Antibiotic Use and Length of Stay: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Horstman Molly J. , Spiegelman Andrew M. , Naik Aanand D. , Trautner Barbara W.
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE

To examine the impact of urine culture testing on day 1 of admission on inpatient antibiotic use and hospital length of stay (LOS).

DESIGN

We performed a retrospective cohort study using a national dataset from 2009 to 2014.

SETTING

The study used data from 230 hospitals in the United States.

PARTICIPANTS

Admissions for adults 18 years and older were included in this study. Hospitalizations were matched with coarsened exact matching by facility, patient age, gender, Medicare severity-diagnosis related group (MS-DRG), and 3 measures of disease severity.

METHODS

A multilevel Poisson model and a multilevel linear regression model were used to determine the impact of an admission urine culture on inpatient antibiotic use and LOS.

RESULTS

Matching produced a cohort of 88,481 patients (n=41,070 with a culture on day 1, n=47,411 without a culture). A urine culture on admission led to an increase in days of inpatient antibiotic use (incidence rate ratio, 1.26; P<.001) and resulted in an additional 36,607 days of inpatient antibiotic treatment. Urine culture on admission resulted in a 2.1% increase in LOS (P=.004). The predicted difference in bed days of care between admissions with and without a urine culture resulted in 6,071 additional bed days of care. The impact of urine culture testing varied by admitting diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with a urine culture sent on day 1 of hospital admission receive more days of antibiotics and have a longer hospital stay than patients who do not have a urine culture. Targeted interventions may reduce the potential harms associated with low-yield urine cultures on day 1.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:547–554
“No country but the ocean”: Reading International Law from the Deck of an Indian Ocean Dhow, ca. 1900
Authors: Bishara Fahad Ahmad
Published: March 2018

This paper engages in a microhistory of international law, grounded in the contests surrounding theMuscat Dhowscase brought by Great Britain against France in 1905. At the heart of the case was the question of whether the French consul had the right to grant flags and navigation passes to dhows from the southern Omani port of Sur that were suspected of transporting slaves. The case became foundational to studies of the law of the sea, and the ruling is still cited in footnotes in law school textbooks. Buried in the case's proceedings, however, are a series of petitions by the dhow captains that give historians a window into the legal imaginaries of Indian Ocean mariners in an age of empire. Through a close reading of the petitions, I explore how captains located themselves within an imperial legal geography, and appropriated legal technologies—passes and flags—to help them shape the legal possibilities of a changing political and economic seascape. I argue that the claims the captains articulated and the practices they engaged in at sea reveal a maritime legal culture at work, one animated by a long history of encountering regional and global empires at sea. Their documentary practices illuminate how they engaged in and domesticated a body of international law, and illustrate how the regime manifested itself in an ocean that ran thick with legal idioms.
“A mass of anomalies”: Land, Law, and Sovereignty in an Indian Company Town
Authors: Raianu Mircea
Published: March 2018

This article examines the emergence of Jamshedpur, site of India's first steel plant and privately governed company town, as part of an unprecedented large-scale extraction of mineral resources at the turn of the twentieth century for the purpose of industrial development. It traces the protracted acquisition of land and dispossession of mainlyadivasi(tribal) cultivators by the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) from ca. 1900 to 1930. The company pursued a distinct strategy of obtaining short-term leases from princely states andzamindars(landowners), while simultaneously appealing to the legal apparatus of the colonial state to secure absolute tenurial rights. The uneven application of laws such as the Land Acquisition Act (1894) and the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act (1908) allowed TISCO to become a quasi-sovereign power in eastern India, simultaneously acting as employer, landlord, and municipal government. Jamshedpur's continually anomalous legal status underlies the persistence of multiple, fragmented, and competing sovereignties in India, even as an ostensibly unified national economic state space emerged by the time of independence in 1947. More broadly, it suggests that the contours of the relationship between states and corporations, particularly in a postcolonial context, are determined both by preexisting political geographies and contingent legal struggles.
Visual evidence of reduced seafloor conditions and indications of a cold-seep ecosystem from the Hatton–Rockall basin (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Neat Francis C. , Jamieson Alan J. , Stewart Heather A. , Narayanaswamy Bhavani E. , Collie Neil , Stewart Michael , Linley Thomas D.
Published: March 2018

High definition video from a towed camera system was used to describe the deep-sea benthic habitats within an elongate depression located at the western margin of Rockall Bank in the Hatton–Rockall Basin. At depths greater than 1190 m, an extensive area (10 km long by 1.5 km wide) of what appeared to be reduced sediments, bacterial mats and flocculent matter indicated possible cold-seep habitat. Plumes of sediment-rich fluid were observed alongside raised elongate features that gave topographic relief to the otherwise flat seafloor. In the deepest section of the depression (1215 m) dense flocculent matter was observed suspended in the water column, in places obscuring the seabed. Away from the bacterial mats, the habitat changed rapidly to sediments dominated by tube-dwelling polychaete worms and then to deep-sea sedimentary habitats more typical for the water depth (sponges and burrowing megafauna in areas of gentle slopes, and coral gardens on steeper slopes).
Continuity in Mind: Imagination and migration in India and the Gulf
Authors: CHAMBERS THOMAS
Published: March 2018

In the context of migration between Uttar Pradesh, other areas of India, and the Gulf, this article explores the role of the imagination in shaping subjective experiences of male Muslim migrants from a woodworking industry in the North Indian city of Saharanpur. Through attending to the dreams, aspirations, and hopes of labour migrants, the article argues that bridging the material and the imagined is critical to understanding not just patterns of migration, but also the subjective experiences of migrants themselves. Through a descriptive ethnographic account, involving journeys with woodworkers over one and a half years, the article explores the ways in which migration, its effects, and connections are shaped by the imagination, yet are also simultaneously active in shaping the imagination—a process that is self-perpetuating. Emerging from this, the article gives attention to continuity at the material, personal, and more emotive levels. This runs counter to research that situates migration as rupturing or change-driving within both the social and the subjective. These continuities play out in complex ways, providing comfort and familiarity, but also enabling the imaginations of migrants to be subverted, co-opted, influenced, and structured to meet the demands of labour markets both domestically and abroad.
Towards dynamic alternating tripod trotting of a pony-sized hexapod robot for disaster rescuing based on multi-modal impedance control
Authors: Sun Qiao , Gao Feng , Chen Xianbao
Published: March 2018

Hexapod robots are well suited for disaster rescuing tasks due to their stability and load capability. However, most current hexapod robots still rely on static gaits that largely limit their locomotion speed. This paper introduces a hierarchical control strategy to realize a dynamic alternating tripod trotting gait for a hexapod robot based on multi-modal impedance control. At the low level, a position-based impedance controller is developed to realize an adjustable compliant behavior for each leg. At the high level, a new gait controller is developed to generate a stable alternating tripod trotting gait, in which a gait state machine, a leg compliance modulation strategy, and a close-looped body attitude stabilizer are imposed. As a result, the alternating tripod trotting of the hexapod robot can be synchronized as the running of a bipedal robot with stable body attitude. Moreover, this control strategy was verified by experiments on a newly designed pony-sized disaster rescuing robot, HexbotIV, which successfully achieved a dynamic trotting gait with ability to resist the disturbances of mildly uneven terrains. Our control strategy as well as the experimental study can be a valuable reference for other hexapod robots and thus paves a way to the practical deployment of disaster rescuing robots.
Taking Spectacle Seriously: Wildlife Film and the Legacy of Natural History Display
Authors: Louson Eleanor
Published: March 2018

Argument

I argue through an analysis of spectacle that the relationship between wildlife documentary films’ entertainment and educational mandates is complex and co-constitutive. Accuracy-based criticism of wildlife films reveals assumptions of a deficit model of science communication and positions spectacle as an external commercial pressure influencing the genre. Using thePlanet Earth(2006) series as a case study, I describe spectacle's prominence within the recent blue-chip renaissance in wildlife film, resulting from technological innovations and twenty-first-century consumer and broadcast market contexts. I connect spectacle in contemporary wildlife films to its relevant precursors within natural history, situating spectacle as a central feature of natural history display designed to inspire awe and wonder in audiences. I show that contemporary documentary spectacle is best understood as an opportunity for affective knowing rather than a constraint on accuracy; as a result, spectacle contributes to the virtuous inter-reinforcement of entertainment and education at work in blue-chip wildlife films.