bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Challenges and Coping Strategies of KM Implementation in HEIs
Authors: Khatun Ayesha , Dar Sajad Nabi
Published: August 2021

The pace of competition has increased in every sphere of the economy, and to face such high level of competition, organizations look for sustainable competitive edge. Knowledge as a tool of competition has been found to be highly sustainable as compared to physical resources and even technology, so organizations look for managing knowledge with strategic focus. This paper attempts to assess the knowledge management practices of a top Indian B-School, to identify the challenges faced by the B-School in the domain of knowledge management implementation and the coping strategies adopted by the school vis-à-vis the challenges. The study adopts for itself a descriptive framework and bases the enquiry on both primary as well as secondary data. For carrying out the investigation, case study method of research was applied. The findings show that though the B-School under study practices most of the selected parameters of knowledge management, managing knowledge as a strategic tool for developing and maintaining sustainable competitive edge is yet to be recognized.
Comprehensive Examination of Network Intrusion Detection Models on Data Science
Authors: Shyla  , Bhatnagar Vishal
Published: August 2021

The increased requirement of data science in recent times has given rise to the concept of data security, which has become a major issue; thus, the amalgamation of data science methodology with intrusion detection systems as a field of research has acquired a lot of prominence. The level of access to the information system and its visibility to user pursuit was required to operate securely. Intrusion detection has been gaining popularity in the area of data science to incorporate the overall information security infrastructure, where regular operations depend upon shared use of information. The problems are to build an intrusion detection system efficient enough for detecting attacks and to reduce the false positives with a high detection rate. In this paper, the authors analyse various techniques of intrusion detection combined with data science, which will help in understanding the best fit technique under different circumstances.
Recognition of Musical Instrument Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Rajesh Sangeetha , Nalini N. J.
Published: August 2021

The proposed work investigates the impact of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Chroma DCT Reduced Pitch (CRP), and Chroma Energy Normalized Statistics (CENS) for instrument recognition from monophonic instrumental music clips using deep learning techniques, Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (BRNN-LSTM), stacked autoencoders (SAE), and Convolutional Neural Network - Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). Initially, MFCC, CENS, and CRP features are extracted from instrumental music clips collected as a dataset from various online libraries. In this work, the deep neural network models have been fabricated by training with extracted features. Recognition rates of 94.9%, 96.8%, and 88.6% are achieved using combined MFCC and CENS features, and 90.9%, 92.2%, and 87.5% are achieved using combined MFCC and CRP features with deep learning models BRNN-LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and SAE, respectively. The experimental results evidence that MFCC features combined with CENS and CRP features at score level revamp the efficacy of the proposed system.
A Multicircle Order Acceptance Strategy for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems Considering Customer Choice of Last-Mile Delivery Modes and Time Slots
Authors: Qiu Hanguang , Cao Cejun , Zhen Jie , Fu Hongyong , Zhou Jixiang
Published: August 2021

A multicircle order acceptance strategy was proposed to decide whether to accept customer requests for specific last-mile delivery modes (including attended home or reception box delivery) and time slots. The strategy was composed of initializing acceptable time slot allocations, reallocating acceptable time slots, matching reference sites, and assessing time slot deviations. A strategy-oriented insertion algorithm for dynamic vehicle routing problems with hard time windows was constructed, thereby showing the proposed strategy achieves a better balance between revenue and distance than the “first come and first served” strategy. Always accepting global optimization result is not significantly better than adopting the result conditionally or based on simulated annealing theory. The distance and revenue gradually increase with the number of reference sites, while revenue/distance ratio decreases. The vehicles are available to serve more attended home delivery orders with a gradual increase in time slot interval, thereby leading to an increase of AHD and total revenue.
An Islamic Bank's Customers' Approach to Gamify Mobile Banking
Authors: Gungor Aysegul Sagkaya , Kurt Yusuf Ihsan
Published: August 2021

Making customers adopt mobile banking is a great challenge for banks, and especially for Islamic banks. This study investigates the factors that could predict the customers' use intention of the mobile banking services of Islamic banks by applying the conceptual model of UTAUT2. The model was further extended with gamification, as a promising tool to ease the adoption, while discussing the moderating effect of age and gender for all variables. The applied questionnaire to collect data has resulted in 205 respondents. The findings implied that facilitating conditions, habit, price value, and performance expectancy are effective variables in Islamic banking customers' behavioral intention to use m-banking. Gamification has a positive effect only when customers are younger than 30. It is further discovered that only the customers 30 and older had performance expectancy. Regarding gender differences, the only finding is the men's greater interest in the price value.
E-Mail Marketing
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: August 2021

Email marketing is a considerable development and includes direct emails, transactional emails, and email newsletters to attract new customers and retain existing ones. This research paper aims to identify and synthesize literature on the effectiveness of email marketing and potential challenges affecting its proper implementation. The research establishes that businesses in the current business environment recognize email marketing's capacity to produce a higher return on investment and generate more sales than traditional marketing channels, such as television. The adoption of permission-based email marketing enables establishing strong relationships between companies and their target audiences, developing emotional, conative, and cognitive responses to the distributed messages. Therefore, salespersons should ensure compliance with legal requirements in email marketing and develop effective strategies of reducing spam emails to avoid negative impressions and increase response rates.
Email Classification for Forensic Analysis by Information Gain Technique
Authors: Salhi Dhai Eddine , Tari Abdelkamel , Kechadi Mohand Tahar
Published: August 2021

One of the most interesting fields nowadays is forensics. This field is based on the works of scientists who study evidence to help the police solve crimes. In the domain of computer science, the crimes within computer forensics are usually network attacks, and most attacks are over the email (the case of this study). Email has become a daily means of communication which is mainly accessible via internet. People receive thousands of emails in their inboxes and mail servers (in which people can find emails in those lists). The aim of this study is to secure email users by building an automatic checking and detecting system on servers to filter the bad emails from the good ones. In this paper, the authors will do a study based on a new method of emails clustering to extract the bad and good ones. The authors use the gain information technique like an algorithm of clustering, whose principle is to calculate the importance of each attribute (in this study, the authors talk about the attributes that constitute the email) to draw the importance tree and at the end extract the clusters.
Digitally-Signed Video/Audio Streams as Prevention of AI-Based Attacks
Authors: Galiautdinov Rinat
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of the research is to provide the solution that allows digitally signing video and audio records, which is extremely important not only in the frame of copyright protection but also when it comes to understanding whether a video is fake. In the world where neural networks are used more and more often, it becomes easy to make a fake video using the face of some famous politician, maybe even the president of the US, and broadcast such a video, causing different kinds of negative events in the situation of the political crises.
Personalized Learning Strategy as a Tool to Improve Academic Performance and Motivation of Students
Authors: Makhambetova Aliya , Zhiyenbayeva Nadezhda , Ergesheva Elena
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research is to study and scientifically substantiate personalized strategies as the basis for personalized learning aimed at improving academic performance and student motivation. The study involved 65 teachers and 700 students of various specialties from three Russian and Kazakhstan universities. The survey analysis showed that the modern generation of students is no longer motivated to receive standardized educational services, and in this context, personalized strategies as a form of personalized learning are a key trend that has permeated all aspects of professional training. Unfortunately, currently, universities find it difficult to implement such an approach as personalized learning makes educational modules highly adapted and individualized to meet the needs of each particular student. To apply personalized strategies in the educational process, it is necessary to study the structure of a particular institution, to analyze educational programs, to conduct classes based on personalized learning strategies.
Business Model Adaptation of Small and Medium-Sized Information Technology Firms
Authors: Liu Yulong , Yu Yang
Published: August 2021

Small and medium-sized information technology firms operating in high-velocity business environments have to continuously adapt their business models. Prior research on business model adaptation, however, remains under-developed. In this study, we address the gap by drawing on the dynamic capability perspective. Based on the qualitative data collected from 35 interviews with ten companies in China, we develop a processual model and unveil how these companies employ dynamic capabilities (i.e. sensing, seizing and transforming), complemented by ordinary capabilities, to enact, manage and implement business model adaptation. This study provides novel insights into a theoretical issue of business model adaptation for information technology firms and managerial implications while using an adaptive business model innovation strategy.
Data Privacy Protection in News Crowdfunding in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Xu Zhiqiang , Xiang Dong , He Jialiang
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to study the protection of data privacy in news crowdfunding in the era of artificial intelligence. This paper respectively quotes the encryption algorithm of artificial intelligence data protection and the BP neural network prediction model to analyze the data privacy protection in news crowdfunding in the artificial intelligence era. Finally, this paper also combines the questionnaire survey method to understand the public’s awareness of privacy. The results of this paper show that artificial intelligence can promote personal data awareness and privacy, improve personal data and privacy measures and methods, and improve the effectiveness and level of privacy and privacy. In the analysis, the survey found that male college students only have 81.1% of the cognition of personal trait information, only 78.5% of network trace information, and only 78.3% of female college students’ cognition of personal credit.
EXPOSIÇÃO BIOLÓGICA TÁTIL EM MUSEUS DE CIÊNCIAS: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Brita Depieri Natália , Gonzalez Ribeiro Nathália Cristina , Luís Schmidt da Silva André , De Mello Gonçales Sant’Ana Débora
Published: August 2021

Devido às suas particularidades, os museus frequentemente limitam o acesso de pessoas com deficiência, em especial, aquelas com deficiência visual, visto que muitas peças não podem ser manuseadas. Os museus de ciência buscam facilitar o acesso ao conhecimento científico, como, no caso deste trabalho, o Museu Dinâmico Interdisciplinar da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (MUDI-UEM). Este trabalho apresenta um relato sobre a exposição tátil "O Mundo na Ponta dos Dedos", elaborada no MUDI por seus coordenadores e mediadores com o objetivo de facilitar o acesso ao conhecimento científico, em especial, aos deficientes visuais. Tal exposição é formada por peças originais e modelos didáticos sobre a área da biologia que podem ser manipulados sem oferecer riscos físicos ao visitante. A exposição leva ao público a oportunidade de conhecer estruturas biológicas através do tato, desde células e microrganismos até ossos de diversos animais.  Tendo sido exibida temporariamente no MUDI diversas vezes e participado de eventos itinerantes, tendo sido muito bem recebida pelo público.
PRODUÇÃO DE SILAGEM: ASPECTOS AGRONÔMICOS E VALOR NUTRICIONAL EM REGIÕES SEMIÁRIDAS - REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Paula Talita Almeida de
Published: August 2021

A produção de silagem em áreas semiáridas é uma técnica de fundamental importância para manutenção de rebanhos em períodos de escassez de forragem no Brasil e no mundo. Contudo, a realidade brasileira difere das circunstâncias de manutenção de forragens em diferentes países. A reduzida capacidade de utilização de irrigação no Brasil torna a produção de silagem limitada, além de menor qualidade de forrageiras. Diante disso, o trabalho objetivou fazer o levantamento de dados literários quanto a produção de silagem no Brasil e no mundo, quantos aos aspectos agronômicos e valor nutricional de silagem confeccionadas em diferentes regiões semiáridas. Embora haja disponibilidade de espécies vegetais que resistem às condições climáticas adversas das zonas semiáridas, a produtividade não é acentuadamente reduzida no período seco, resultando em baixa oferta de alimento para ruminantes. A conservação de forragens é de fundamental importância para regiões semiáridas. As técnicas de conservação permitem que o valor nutricional do alimento seja mantido, além de conservar a água, nutriente de essencial importância em áreas secas.
“A CONQUISTA DO NÚCLEO CELULAR”: A PROPOSTA DE UM JOGO LÚDICO DE CITOLOGIA (BIOLOGIA CELULAR) NA DISCIPLINA DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Tiago Maretti Gonçalves Tiago Maretti Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

No ensino médio, o professor se depara constantemente com o desafio de tornar o conteúdo cada vez mais prazeroso e instigante, permitindo que os alunos possam compreender os assuntos de uma maneira mais facilitadora. No entanto, em disciplinas como a Biologia, ocorre a existência de uma grande quantidade de conteúdo, com muitos termos e processos abstratos que devem ser muito bem contextualizados pelos discentes. Desta maneira, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor um jogo lúdico para facilitar a aprendizagem dos estudantes na temática de Citologia aos alunos da disciplina de Biologia no ensino médio. O jogo é baseado em um tabuleiro que simula o cenário do citoplasma de uma célula animal. Os alunos vão percorrendo as casas do tabuleiro, respondendo diversos tipos de perguntas, sendo elas, desde mais simples ou até mesmo mais desafiadoras, permitindo que os alunos possam aplicar na prática o que foi contextualizado na teoria. Vence a equipe que chegar ao núcleo celular primeiro respondendo todas as perguntas corretas, além da pergunta “Final”. Assim, espera-se que com esta dinâmica metodológica, o ensino de Biologia Celular (Citologia), possa ser melhor aceito pelos alunos tornando a busca do saber uma tarefa dinâmica, descontraída e prazerosa.
Effect of a nurse-led secondary stroke prevention intervention on medium-term stroke outcome in a teaching hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Ademuyiwa Iyabo Yewande , Okubadejo Njideka U.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Mortality and morbidity attributable to stroke remain high in developing countries. Secondary prevention of stroke can reduce recurrence using targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors. This study assessed the effect of a nurse-led secondary stroke prevention intervention on compliance to lifestyle, diet, clinic and physical therapy attendance, and drug compliance over the medium-term poststroke.

Methods:

The study utilized a case (interventional group)–control (noninterventional group) quasi-experimental design. Sixty consenting acute stroke patients surviving till discharge were consecutively recruited into the study and conveniently assigned to either group in a 1:1 ratio. Recruitment was conducted over the initial 3 months of the study. The intervention group received standardized intensive in-person counseling for cases and designated caregivers at discharge. This means that, apart from standardized intensive in-person counseling for cases and designated caregivers at discharge. There was additional telephone calls and weekly short messages to the intervention group in-order to reinforce information and communication during follow-up. The nonintervention group received discharge instructions provided by the managing physician only. Outcome assessment was conducted at 9 months post stroke.

Results:

The study recruited 39 (65%) males and 21 (35%) females. The mean age of participants in intervention group was 55.0 ± 14.5 years, while it was 56.0 ± 11.2 years in the nonintervention group. Other demographic parameters were similar between both the groups. At the end of the follow-up period of 9 months, compliance with lifestyle and diet modification, clinic and physical therapy attendance, and drug compliance was statistically significantly higher in the intervention compared to the nonintervention group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the potential utility of a nurse-led intervention incorporating targeted lifestyle risk modification on compliance to strategies aimed at reducing stroke recurrence. Adoption of this task shifting/sharing strategy is recommended.
Angiographic Profile and Therapeutic Approach of Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Immaneni Sathyamurthy , Manikandan T. , Kirubakaran K. , Srinivasan K. N. , Nayak Rajeswari , Oomman Abraham , Kumar K. Pramod , Gunasekaran Sengottuvelu
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

Patients presenting as acute coronary syndromes (ACS) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are different subset with multiple comorbidities. Reappearance of symptoms could be due to either native vessel, graft disease, or both. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mode of presentation, angiographic profile, and management strategies followed in them.

Methods:

One hundred consecutive patients presenting with ACS during 2 years' period at a tertiary care hospital were studied. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was noted only in 7 cases, rest had either non-STEMI or unstable angina. Their comorbid risk factors, echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction were noted. All of them undergone invasive coronary angiography followed by revascularization as indicated.

Results:

Fifty percent of cases presented with reappearance of symptoms within 10 years after surgery. Culprit vessel identified was saphenous vein graft (SVG) in 49% followed by native vessel in (22%), both SVG and native vessel in 15%. Only 14% showed left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft block at distal anastomotic site. Percutaneous coronary intervention was done in 47, redo CABG surgery in 8 cases. Rest were continued on optimal medical treatment. Of the 47 who have undergone PCI, 14 were done for SVGs and in 4 to LIMA graft to the left anterior descending. PCI to native vessel was done in 22 cases and in 7 one SVG and one native vessel.

Conclusions:

Post-CABG surgery patients are high risk subset with multiple comorbidities including impaired renal functions. Presentation as STEMI was less common. Majority of them can be managed with PCI of grafts or native vessels or both. Optimal medical treatment was advised in whom intervention or redo CABG is not feasible. More studies are needed comparing post-CABG ACS patients with de novo cases in Indian patients.
Scoring Balloon Versus Drug-Eluting Balloon in Coronary Intervention for Very Small Coronary Vessels
Authors: Metwally Yasser Gaber , Elnady Khaled Y.
Published: August 2021

Background:

The optimal therapeutic strategy for coronary intervention in very small coronary vessels (<2.5 mm.) remains controversial and challenging.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to assess the 12 months outcome of scoring balloon (SB) versus drug-eluting balloon (DEB) in very small (<2.5 mm) coronary interventions.

Patients and Methods:

Seventy-seven patients referred for coronary intervention with reference vessel diameter <2.5 mm were assigned to either SB or DEB. The primary endpoint was target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 12 months follow-up.

Results:

Out of 77 patients enrolled, 37.7% were assigned to SB, while 62.3% were assigned to DEB. Sever dissection rate was significantly higher among the DEB group (0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.048); while TVR rate was significantly lower among the SB group (0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.048). Similarly, the target vessel-related myocardial infarction rate was significantly lower among the SB group (0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.048). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the rates of deaths or restenosis between the two groups.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

SB is superior to the DEB with better both safety and efficacy for coronary intervention in very small coronary vessels (<2.5 mm). Larger scaled prospective multicenter randomized trials are needed for confirming our favorable results of using SB for coronary intervention in very small coronary vessels <2.5 mm.
Comparison of Diagnostic Performances of Urine Cytology Before and After the Use of The Paris System Criteria
Authors: Onder Sevgen , Kurtulan Olcay , Kavuncuoglu Altan , Akdogan Bulent
Published: August 2021

Background:

Urine cytology remains to be the test of choice in the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinomas (HGUC) due to its favorable sensitivity. However, a significant rate of cases is reported under atypical/indeterminate categories, which result in a decrease in its specificity. Providing standardized cytologic criteria, one of the aims of The Paris System (TPS) is to reduce the use of indeterminate diagnoses and provide a higher predictive value in these categories.

Aims:

We compared the diagnostic performances of TPS and our original reporting system, and also investigated the interobserver reproducibility of the cytologic criteria used.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 386 urine samples were reviewed retrospectively. Original cytologic diagnoses have been made using similar cytologic features proposed by TPS. All slides were recategorized after the use of the cytologic criteria as described by TPS guideline.

Results:

After TPS, specificity of the test increased from 39.6% to 63.5, sensitivity decreased from 92.5% to 88.8%, and diagnostic accuracy increased from 63.6% to 75%. The use of negative category increased threefold. Frequencies of indeterminate categories of atypical urothelial cells (AUC) and suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC) decreased by 36% and 56.5%, respectively. A subsequent detection of HGUC after AUC and SHGUC categories increased by 38% and 64%, respectively. Interobserver agreement for TPS categorization was 39%.

Conclusions:

TPS improved diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology by reducing the use of indeterminate categories, and resulted in increase in their predictive value for subsequent diagnosis of HGUC. However, reproducibility of diagnostic categories seemed to be imperfect.
Preventive Geriatric Care Model
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjana , Debnath Dipankar
Published: August 2021

A holistic concept of providing regular health check-up, reinforcing their intent to a healthy and happy living, taking care of them with a day care center and communicating to their family members both in station and outstation every fortnight regarding their health status is the aim of the project. A benefit to community and forming a strong self-sustaining wise peer group who will turn into an asset than a liability for a community is the sole motto of the project. In the aforesaid context to create a geriatric-friendly society, this preventive geriatric care model was envisaged.
Oral Health Management of Children During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Hambire Chaitali , Hambire Umesh Vishnu
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected more than 200 countries worldwide. It has caused complete lockdown in most of the countries due to its highly contagious nature. Aerosol generated during dental treatment can be a major source of human-to-human transmission. Management of oral health of pediatric population should address emergency as well as nonemergency dental problems. This article attempts to provide possible approach on identification and management of emergency, urgent, and nonemergency dental conditions. It also suggests various preventive measures toward the maintenance of oral health and hygiene of children.
Recent Advances of MicroRNA in Sepsis-associated Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Lu Xuehao , Zhang Feng , Li Longzhu , Li Meilian , Hu Hai , Qu Zhongkai , Qiu Chuiyan , Wang Zhigang , Yin Haiyan , Liu Hui
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Sepsis is one of the most common severe diseases in clinic. With the progression of the disease, it is very likely to occur acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite years of research, the mortality rate from sepsis-associated lung injury remains high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs with the function of regulating gene expression. In recent years, miRNAs have become a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine. Therefore, this review summarizes a large body of evidence implicating miRNAs and their target molecules in ALI/ARDS originating largely from studies using animal and cell culture model systems of ALI/ARDS. First, the pathophysiology and potential molecular mechanism of sepsis-associated ALI were briefly discussed at the cellular level, and the regulatory effect of miRNA on sepsis-associated ALI was summarized from the molecular mechanism so as to provide the possibility to find new targets for the treatment of sepsis-associated lung injury. Finally, some promising methods and some shortcomings of existing research are introduced.
Powers of Principal Q-Borel ideals
Authors: Camps-Moreno Eduardo , Kohne Craig , Sarmiento Eliseo , Van Tuyl Adam
Published: August 2021

Fix a poset Q on
$\{x_1,\ldots ,x_n\}$
. A Q-Borel monomial ideal
$I \subseteq \mathbb {K}[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$
is a monomial ideal whose monomials are closed under the Borel-like moves induced by Q. A monomial ideal I is a principal Q-Borel ideal, denoted
$I=Q(m)$
, if there is a monomial m such that all the minimal generators of I can be obtained via Q-Borel moves from m. In this paper we study powers of principal Q-Borel ideals. Among our results, we show that all powers of
$Q(m)$
agree with their symbolic powers, and that the ideal
$Q(m)$
satisfies the persistence property for associated primes. We also compute the analytic spread of
$Q(m)$
in terms of the poset Q.
Conchopexy Suture versus Bolgerization in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation following FESS
Authors: Mahaseth R.K. , Gurung U. , Pradhan B.
Published: August 2021

Background: Middle turbinate lateralisation is the most common minor post-operative complication following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study aimed to compare the outcome between Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization method in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Methodology: This was a prospective, comparative and interventional study conducted from May 2018 to November 2019 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 68 patients were divided equally into two groups. Following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, the middle turbinate was medialised either by Conchopexy suture or Bolgerization technique. Postoperative assessment was done on the second and 12th week of surgery, where the position of the middle turbinate and status of the sinus cavity were assessed using perioperative sinus endoscopic (POSE) score. Chi-square test and unpaired t test were used for comparison of postoperative results between two groups taking p value of < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Lateralised middle turbinate and mean POSE score was 5/34 (14.8%) and 2.1±1.25, respectively, in Conchopexy group whilst in Bolgerization group it was 6/34 (17.6%) and 2.5±1.46. However, the observed differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Conchopexy suture and Bolgerization techniques were equally effective in preventing middle turbinate lateralisation. Hence, either of these techniques could be used as an adjunct to FESS to avoid middle turbinate lateralisation.
A simple method for the extension of shelf life of cultures of Phytophthora species causing black pod disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Amoako-Attah I. , Kumi-Asare E. , Bukari Y.
Published: August 2021

Black pod disease of cacao caused by Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya in Ghana take heavy toll of cacao production in the field. Intensive research has been carried out worldwide on these pathogens. However, viability of the cultures during prolonged storage has remained a major challenge in the research. This paper reports findings of assessment of six storage media viz sterilised distilled water (SDW), sterilised and unsterilized soil suspension (SSS and USS), vegetable 8 juice broth (V8JB), Oat Meal Agar slant under mineral oil (at 4°C) and empty tube. Viability of the cultures was assessed on V8JA and in tetrazolium chloride test. Ability of zoospores of the cultures to infect cacao leaf discs was used to assess growth vigour and pathogenicity. Phytophthora cultures stored in SDW (26 ± 2°C; alternating day light and night) were preserved for 60 days (5 years). Both P. palmivora and P. megakarya performed better on SDW and SSS than on USS due to removal of staling substances in the soil medium by the sterilisation. Vigour of growth and pathogenicity of the stored cultures required re-inoculation of host tissue (cacao pod) in order to maintain potency to continually infect host.
Knowledge and practice of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene by traders. A case study of Tamale Central Market
Authors: Arthur E. , Imoro A. Z.
Published: August 2021

Tamale is one of the rapidly growing cities in Ghana which is faced with numerous sanitation and hygiene problems. Markets generate large volumes of wastes due to their functions. Poor waste management in markets poses a threat to public health. This study sought to assess traders’ knowledge and practice of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. It also sought to identify the environmental sanitation challenges in the market. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and personal observations were employed for data collection. The traders demonstrated fair knowledge on environmental sanitation but most did not practice recommended sanitation practices. Moreover, both males (50.1%) and females (49.9%) demonstrated good knowledge of personal hygiene and practiced it. The study identified poor drainage systems, lack of potable water, inadequate waste bins, littering, pilling of wastes, poor wastewater handling as major environmental challenges in the market. The findings of this study underline the need for bolstering up environmental education and hygiene promotion activities in public places like markets. It is also recommended that the toilet facility within the market get replace or renovated. The need for sanitation equipment and tools like waste bins should be met by the Metropolitan Assembly, as well as supports from NGOs and other bodies.
NADİR TOPRAK ELEMENTLERİNİN HAYVAN BESLEMEDE KULLANIMI
Authors: Uğur SEVİLMİŞ
Published: August 2021

Nadir topraklar elementleri doğada birçok minerallerin yapısında bulunur.  Günümüzde nadir toprak elementleri (NTE) tıbbi teknolojide, nükleer mühendislikte, otomobil endüstrisinde, askeri cihazlarda ve uzay araçlarında kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, bazı sağlık sorunlarının tedavisi için günümüzde NTE içeren ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu elementlerin gelecekteki potansiyel kullanım alanlarının kanser, osteoporoz, aterosklerozun tedavisi ve önlenmesi ile organ transplantasyonu olacağı öngürülmektedir. Çin'de NTE, on yıllardır yem katkı maddesi ve gübre olarak düşük konsantrasyonlarda başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bu ülkedeki çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar, NTE kullanımının çiftlik hayvanlarında canlı ağırlık artışını ve yem dönüşümü oranını iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu elementlerin etki mekanizması iyi anlaşılmamış olmasına rağmen sindirim kanalında çok az emildiğinden, etkinliklerini bu şekilde geliştirdikleri düşünülmektedir. NTE hayvansal üretimde yeni, güvenli, ucuz bir büyüme destekleyicisi olarak ilgi çekici bir ürün durumundadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, hayvan yemlerinde nadir toprak elementi kullanımı ile ilgili elektronik olarak erişilebilir literatürü analiz etmektir.
Analyzing Factors Affecting Wheat Production Risk
Authors: Mohammad FARSHAD
Published: August 2021

One of the most important challenges facing the world is how to feed expected population by 2050. Despite trying to increase food production over the past half-century, food security has been a strategic issue and an important goal of agricultural policies in many countries by challenges including population grow, increasing demand, natural resources erosion, etc. One of the critical dimensions in achieving food security is expanding food supply chain. A food supply chain can be defined as a set of interdependent components include of input supply, production, storage, processing, marketing, distribution and consumption or as the activities from “farm to fork”.
Computing the number of h-edge spanning forests in complete bipartite graphs
Authors: Stones Rebecca
Published: August 2021

Analysis of Algorithms

Let fm,n,h be the number of spanning forests with h edges in the complete bipartite graph Km,n. Kirchhoff\textquoterights Matrix Tree Theorem implies fm,n,m+n-1=mn-1 nm-1 when m ≥1 and n ≥1, since fm,n,m+n-1 is the number of spanning trees in Km,n. In this paper, we give an algorithm for computing fm,n,h for general m,n,h. We implement this algorithm and use it to compute all non-zero fm,n,h when m ≤50 and n ≤50 in under 2 days.
Descents after maxima in compositions
Authors: Blecher Aubrey , Brennan Charlotte , Knopfmacher Arnold
Published: August 2021

Combinatorics

We consider compositions of n, i.e., sequences of positive integers (or parts) (σi)i=1k where σ1+σ2+...+σk=n. We define a maximum to be any part which is not less than any other part. The variable of interest is the size of the descent immediately following the first and the last maximum. Using generating functions and Mellin transforms, we obtain asymptotic expressions for the average size of these descents. Finally, we show with the use of a simple bijection between the compositions of n for n>1, that on average the descent after the last maximum is greater than the descent after the first.
Congruence successions in compositions
Authors: Mansour Toufik , Shattuck Mark , Wilson Mark
Published: August 2021

Combinatorics

A composition is a sequence of positive integers, called parts, having a fixed sum. By an m-congruence succession, we will mean a pair of adjacent parts x and y within a composition such that x=y(modm). Here, we consider the problem of counting the compositions of size n according to the number of m-congruence successions, extending recent results concerning successions on subsets and permutations. A general formula is obtained, which reduces in the limiting case to the known generating function formula for the number of Carlitz compositions. Special attention is paid to the case m=2, where further enumerative results may be obtained by means of combinatorial arguments. Finally, an asymptotic estimate is provided for the number of compositions of size n having no m-congruence successions.
Graphs where every k-subset of vertices is an identifying set
Authors: Gravier Sylvain , Janson Svante , Laihonen Tero , Ranto Sanna
Published: August 2021

Combinatorics

Let $G=(V,E)$ be an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges. A subset $C\subseteq V$ is called \emph{identifying} if for every vertex $x\in V$ the intersection of $C$ and the closed neighbourhood of $x$ is nonempty, and these intersections are different for different vertices $x$. Let $k$ be a positive integer. We will consider graphs where \emph{every} $k$-subset is identifying. We prove that for every $k>1$ the maximal order of such a graph is at most $2k-2.$ Constructions attaining the maximal order are given for infinitely many values of $k.$ The corresponding problem of $k$-subsets identifying any at most $\ell$ vertices is considered as well.
On size, radius and minimum degree
Authors: Mukwembi Simon
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory

Let G be a finite connected graph. We give an asymptotically tight upper bound on the size of G in terms of order, radius and minimum degree. Our result is a strengthening of an old classical theorem of Vizing (1967) if minimum degree is prescribed.
Strong parity vertex coloring of plane graphs
Authors: Kaiser Tomas , Rucky Ondrej , Stehlik Matej , Škrekovski Riste
Published: August 2021

Graph Theory

A strong parity vertex coloring of a 2-connected plane graph is a coloring of the vertices such that every face is incident with zero or an odd number of vertices of each color. We prove that every 2-connected loopless plane graph has a strong parity vertex coloring with 97 colors. Moreover the coloring we construct is proper. This proves a conjecture of Czap and Jendrol' [Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 29 (2009), pp. 521-543.]. We also provide examples showing that eight colors may be necessary (ten when restricted to proper colorings).
Snow Leopard Permutations and Their Even and Odd Threads
Authors: Egge Eric S. , Rubin Kailee
Published: August 2021

Caffrey, Egge, Michel, Rubin and Ver Steegh recently introduced snow leopard
permutations, which are the anti-Baxter permutations that are compatible with
the doubly alternating Baxter permutations. Among other things, they showed
that these permutations preserve parity, and that the number of snow leopard
permutations of length $2n-1$ is the Catalan number $C_n$. In this paper we
investigate the permutations that the snow leopard permutations induce on their
even and odd entries; we call these the even threads and the odd threads,
respectively. We give recursive bijections between these permutations and
certain families of Catalan paths. We characterize the odd (resp. even) threads
which form the other half of a snow leopard permutation whose even (resp. odd)
thread is layered in terms of pattern avoidance, and we give a constructive
bijection between the set of permutations of length $n$ which are both even
threads and odd threads and the set of peakless Motzkin paths of length $n+1$.
The Complexity of Pattern Matching for $321$-Avoiding and Skew-Merged Permutations
Authors: Albert Michael H. , Lackner Marie-Louise , Lackner Martin , Vatter Vincent
Published: August 2021

The Permutation Pattern Matching problem, asking whether a pattern
permutation $\pi$ is contained in a permutation $\tau$, is known to be
NP-complete. In this paper we present two polynomial time algorithms for
special cases. The first algorithm is applicable if both $\pi$ and $\tau$ are
$321$-avoiding; the second is applicable if $\pi$ and $\tau$ are skew-merged.
Both algorithms have a runtime of $O(kn)$, where $k$ is the length of $\pi$ and
$n$ the length of $\tau$.
Packing densities of layered permutations and the minimum number of monotone sequences in layered permutations
Authors: Bastos Josefran de Oliveira , Coregliano Leonardo Nagami
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present two new results of layered permutation densities.
The first one generalizes theorems from H\"{a}st\"{o} (2003) and Warren (2004)
to compute the permutation packing of permutations whose layer sequence
is~$(1^a,\ell_1,\ell_2,\ldots,\ell_k)$ with~$2^a-a-1\geq k$ (and similar
permutations). As a second result, we prove that the minimum density of
monotone sequences of length~$k+1$ in an arbitrarily large layered permutation
is asymptotically~$1/k^k$. This value is compatible with a conjecture from
Myers (2003) for the problem without the layered restriction (the same problem
where the monotone sequences have different lengths is also studied).
Pattern avoidance in forests of binary shrubs
Authors: Bevan David , Levin Derek , Nugent Peter , Pantone Jay , Pudwell Lara , Riehl Manda , Tlachac ML
Published: August 2021

We investigate pattern avoidance in permutations satisfying some additional
restrictions. These are naturally considered in terms of avoiding patterns in
linear extensions of certain forest-like partially ordered sets, which we call
binary shrub forests. In this context, we enumerate forests avoiding patterns
of length three. In four of the five non-equivalent cases, we present explicit
enumerations by exhibiting bijections with certain lattice paths bounded above
by the line $y=\ell x$, for some $\ell\in\mathbb{Q}^+$, one of these being the
celebrated Duchon's club paths with $\ell=2/3$. In the remaining case, we use
the machinery of analytic combinatorics to determine the minimal polynomial of
its generating function, and deduce its growth rate.
$2\times 2$ monotone grid classes are finitely based
Authors: Albert Michael , Brignall Robert
Published: August 2021

In this note, we prove that all $2 \times 2$ monotone grid classes are
finitely based, i.e., defined by a finite collection of minimal forbidden
permutations. This follows from a slightly more general result about certain $2
\times 2$ (generalized) grid classes having two monotone cells in the same row.
Pattern avoidance for set partitions \`a la Klazar
Authors: Bloom Jonathan , Saracino Dan
Published: August 2021

In 2000 Klazar introduced a new notion of pattern avoidance in the context of
set partitions of $[n]=\{1,\ldots, n\}$. The purpose of the present paper is to
undertake a study of the concept of Wilf-equivalence based on Klazar's notion.
We determine all Wilf-equivalences for partitions with exactly two blocks, one
of which is a singleton block, and we conjecture that, for $n\geq 4$, these are
all the Wilf-equivalences except for those arising from complementation. If
$\tau$ is a partition of $[k]$ and $\Pi_n(\tau)$ denotes the set of all
partitions of $[n]$ that avoid $\tau$, we establish inequalities between
$|\Pi_n(\tau_1)|$ and $|\Pi_n(\tau_2)|$ for several choices of $\tau_1$ and
$\tau_2$, and we prove that if $\tau_2$ is the partition of $[k]$ with only one
block, then $|\Pi_n(\tau_1)| <|\Pi_n(\tau_2)|$ for all $n>k$ and all partitions
$\tau_1$ of $[k]$ with exactly two blocks. We conjecture that this result holds
for all partitions $\tau_1$ of $[k]$. Finally, we enumerate $\Pi_n(\tau)$ for
all partitions $\tau$ of $[4]$.
Permutation Pattern matching in (213, 231)-avoiding permutations
Authors: Neou Both , Rizzi Romeo , Vialette Stéphane
Published: August 2021

Given permutations σ of size k and π of size n with k < n, the permutation pattern matching problem is to decide whether σ occurs in π as an order-isomorphic subsequence. We give a linear-time algorithm in case both π and σ avoid the two size-3 permutations 213 and 231. For the special case where only σ avoids 213 and 231, we present a O(max(kn 2 , n 2 log log n)-time algorithm. We extend our research to bivincular patterns that avoid 213 and 231 and present a O(kn 4)-time algorithm. Finally we look at the related problem of the longest subsequence which avoids 213 and 231.
The graph isomorphism problem on geometric graphs
Authors: Uehara Ryuhei
Published: August 2021

Special issue PRIMA 2013

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem asks whether two given graphs are isomorphic or not. The GI problem is quite basic and simple, however, it\textquoterights time complexity is a long standing open problem. The GI problem is clearly in NP, no polynomial time algorithm is known, and the GI problem is not NP-complete unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses. In this paper, we survey the computational complexity of the problem on some graph classes that have geometric characterizations. Sometimes the GI problem becomes polynomial time solvable when we add some restrictions on some graph classes. The properties of these graph classes on the boundary indicate us the essence of difficulty of the GI problem. We also show that the GI problem is as hard as the problem on general graphs even for grid unit intersection graphs on a torus, that partially solves an open problem.
Nonrepetitive colorings of lexicographic product of graphs
Authors: Keszegh Balázs , Patkós Balázs , Zhu Xuding
Published: August 2021

Special issue PRIMA 2013

A coloring c of the vertices of a graph G is nonrepetitive if there exists no path v1v2\textellipsisv2l for which c(vi)=c(vl+i) for all 1<=i<=l. Given graphs G and H with |V(H)|=k, the lexicographic product G[H] is the graph obtained by substituting every vertex of G by a copy of H, and every edge of G by a copy of Kk,k. We prove that for a sufficiently long path P, a nonrepetitive coloring of P[Kk] needs at least 3k+⌊k/2⌋ colors. If k>2 then we need exactly 2k+1 colors to nonrepetitively color P[Ek], where Ek is the empty graph on k vertices. If we further require that every copy of Ek be rainbow-colored and the path P is sufficiently long, then the smallest number of colors needed for P[Ek] is at least 3k+1 and at most 3k+⌈k/2⌉. Finally, we define fractional nonrepetitive colorings of graphs and consider the connections between this notion and the above results.
Spanning connectedness and Hamiltonian thickness of graphs and interval graphs
Authors: Li Peng , Wu Yaokun
Published: August 2021

A spanning connectedness property is one which involves the robust existence of a spanning subgraph which is of some special form, say a Hamiltonian cycle in which a sequence of vertices appear in an arbitrarily given ordering, or a Hamiltonian path in the subgraph obtained by deleting any three vertices, or three internally-vertex-disjoint paths with any given endpoints such that the three paths meet every vertex of the graph and cover the edges of an almost arbitrarily given linear forest of a certain fixed size. Let π = π1 · · · πn be an ordering of the vertices of an n-vertex graph G. For any positive integer k ≤ n − 1, we call π a k-thick Hamiltonian vertex ordering of G provided it holds for all i ∈ {1,. .. , n − 1} that πiπi+1 ∈ E(G) and the number of neighbors of πi among {πi+1,. .. , πn} is at least min{n − i, k}; For any nonnegative integer k, we say that π is a −k-thick Hamiltonian vertex ordering of G provided |{i : πiπi+1 / ∈ E(G), 1 ≤ i ≤ n − 1}| ≤ k + 1. Our main discovery is that the existence of a thick Hamiltonian vertex ordering will guarantee that the graph has various kinds of spanning connectedness properties and that for interval graphs, quite a few seemingly unrelated spanning connectedness properties are equivalent to the existence of a thick Hamiltonian vertex ordering. Due to the connection between Hamiltonian thickness and spanning connectedness properties, we can present several linear time algorithms for associated problems. This paper suggests that much work in graph theory may have a spanning version which deserves further study, and that the Hamiltonian thickness may be a useful concept in understanding many spanning connectedness properties.