bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Spatial Justice in Europe. Territoriality, Mobility and Peripherality
Authors: Papadopoulos Apostolos G.
Published: October 2020

The discussion surrounding the impact of territorial cohesion policy, and the territorial prioritization of cohesion policy, can offer significant insights by problematizing spatial justice. The notions of territoriality, mobility and peripherality are presented and analyzed due to their relevance to territorial cohesion, but also because they may strengthen the concept of spatial justice. The main objective of this paper, and by extension of this issue, is to stress the relevance of spatial justice as a concept created to address socio-spatial and territorial inequalities and useful when framing policy strategies, articulating policy goals, implementing policies, or taking actions to mitigate socio-spatial inequalities. The paper is organized in four sections. The introductory section presents social and economic inequalities as signifiers of the (un)sustainability of the European project and stresses the challenges facing territorial cohesion policy. The second section includes a conceptualization of spatial justice which plays to both the analytical strength and normative rigour of the concept. Third, there is a brief discussion of the notions of territoriality, mobility and peripherality. The final section is dedicated to a description of the basic features of the six papers included in this issue.
Cellular taxonomy and spatial organization of the murine ventral posterior hypothalamus
Authors: Mickelsen Laura E , Flynn William F , Springer Kristen , Wilson Lydia , Beltrami Eric J , Bolisetty Mohan , Robson Paul , Jackson Alexander C
Published: October 2020

The ventral posterior hypothalamus (VPH) is an anatomically complex brain region implicated in arousal, reproduction, energy balance, and memory processing. However, neuronal cell type diversity within the VPH is poorly understood, an impediment to deconstructing the roles of distinct VPH circuits in physiology and behavior. To address this question, we employed a droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach to systematically classify molecularly distinct cell populations in the mouse VPH. Analysis of >16,000 single cells revealed 20 neuronal and 18 non-neuronal cell populations, defined by suites of discriminatory markers. We validated differentially expressed genes in selected neuronal populations through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Focusing on the mammillary bodies (MB), we discovered transcriptionally-distinct clusters that exhibit neuroanatomical parcellation within MB subdivisions and topographic projections to the thalamus. This single-cell transcriptomic atlas of VPH cell types provides a resource for interrogating the circuit-level mechanisms underlying the diverse functions of VPH circuits.
The role of multidisciplinarity in developing teachers’ professional digital competence
Authors: Johannesen Monica , Øgrim Leikny
Published: October 2020

In this article, we describe how multidisciplinary activities in a teacher education programme fostered the development of student teachers’ professional digital competence. Based on naturally occurring and interview data, the authors present three distinct periods of Norwegian teachers’ education with a focus on developing professional digital competence required by national and local regulations; we then present the OsloMet teacher education programme multidisciplinary activities that take place during these three periods. We discuss how various implementation approaches support student teachers´ professional digital competence (PDC) in particular teaching of, with and about technology. The authors conclude that locally implemented material structures are crucial to implementing student teachers’ professional digital competence and arranging for emerging transdisciplinary activities. As such, student teachers’ PDC can be described as a well-orchestrated system of multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary activities that develop student teachers’ competencies in teaching of, with and about technology.
Genomic signatures of globally enhanced gene duplicate accumulation in the megadiverse higher Diptera fueling intralocus sexual conflict resolution
Authors: Bao Riyue , Friedrich Markus
Published: October 2020

Gene duplication is an important source of evolutionary innovation. To explore the relative impact of gene duplication during the diversification of major insect model system lineages, we performed a comparative analysis of lineage-specific gene duplications in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster(Diptera: Brachycera), the mosquitoAnopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicomorpha), the red flour beetleTribolium castaneum(Coleoptera), and the honeybeeApis mellifera(Hymenoptera). Focusing on close to 6,000 insect core gene families containing maximally six paralogs, we detected a conspicuously higher number of lineage-specific duplications inDrosophila(689) compared toAnopheles(315),Tribolium(386), andApis(223). Based on analyses of sequence divergence, phylogenetic distribution, and gene ontology information, we present evidence that an increased background rate of gene duplicate accumulation played an exceptional role during the diversification of the higher Diptera (Brachycera), in part by providing enriched opportunities for intralocus sexual conflict resolution, which may have boosted speciation rates during the early radiation of the megadiverse brachyceran subclade Schizophora.
Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry shifts with tree species in subalpine plantations
Authors: Qi Kaibin , Pang Xueyong , Yang Bing , Bao Weikai
Published: October 2020

Understanding ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient elements, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is crucial to guide ecological restoration of plantations in ecologically vulnerable areas, such as alpine and subalpine regions. However, there has been only a few related studies, and thus whether and how different tree species would affect soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry remains unclear. We compared soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of Pinus tabulaeformis, Larix kaempferi and Cercidiphyllum japonicum to primary shrubland in a subalpine region. We observed strong tree-specific and depth-dependent effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in subalpine plantations. In general, the C:N, C:P and N:P of topsoil (0–10 cm) are higher than subsoil (>10 cm) layer at 0–30 cm depth profiles. The differences in C:N, N:P and C:P at the topsoil across target tree species were significantly linked to standing litter stock, tree biomass/total aboveground biomass and Margalef’s index of plant community, respectively, whereas the observed variations of C:N, N:P and C:P ratio among soil profiles are closely related to differences in soil bulk density, soil moisture, the quantity and quality of aboveground litter inputs as well as underground fine root across plantations examined. Our results highlight that soil nutrients in plantation depend on litter quantity and quality of selected tree species as well as soil physical attributes. Therefore, matching site with trees is crucial to enhance ecological functioning in degraded regions resulting from human activity.
Климатогенные изменения и прогноз сроков пыления Junipenis deltoides (Cupressaceae), "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Корсакова С.П. , Корсаков П.Б. , Багрикова НА.
Published: October 2020

Проведено исследование климатогенных изменений сезонных ритмов пыления Juniperus deltoides R.P. Adams на северной границе ареала и построены прогнозные фенологические модели для определения даты начала массового рассеивания пыльцы. Фенологические наблюдения выполнены в 1974-2020 гг. на территории природного заповедника «Мыс Мартьян» (44°30'-44°31' с.ш., 34°15'-34°16' в.д.), расположенного в приморской зоне южного макросклона Крымских гор. Анализ данных показал, что при повышении среднемесячной температуры воздуха в марте на 1 °С отрицательное смещение фенодат начала пыления J. deltoides составляет 4 суток. Наибольшее влияние (24 %) на продолжительность лёта пыльцы при совокупном воздействии всех факторов среды оказывает сумма осадков, выпавших во время пыления. При среднемноголетней скорости смещения на 2 суток за 10 лет установлено статистически значимое (р < 0,001) ускорение темпов смещения начала и массового пыления за период с 2001 по 2020 г. на более ранние сроки, до 8-9 суток, вследствие роста температур в зимне-весенние месяцы. Выявлена высокая фенологическая пластичность J. deltoides, позволяющая приспособиться к условиям современных климатических изменений. Протестировано 7 фенологических моделей. При высокой их адекватности (75-83 % вариации переменной) лучшие результаты прогнозирования показала ансамблевая модель. По результатам модельных расчетов воспроизведены даты начала массового пыления J. deltoides за исторический период 1930-1973 гг., а также получены количественные оценки возможного изменения их динамики по климатическим сценариям RCP2.6, RCP4.5 и RCP8.5 на 2021-2099 гг. Установлено, что в ближайшие 20-40 лет ожидаемая величина отрицательного смещения сроков массового лёта пыльцы не превысит 4-5 суток. В ближайшие десятилетия не предполагается ухудшений термических условий в период пыления J. deltoides, однако существует вероятность усиления лимитирующего значения влажности воздуха для процесса опыления.
Высотно-поясное распределение околоводных пауков-волков (Aranei: Lycosidae) на территории Республики Северная Осетия - Алания, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Баканов М.Ю. , Пономарёв А.В.
Published: October 2020

Исследована околоводная фауна пауков-волков (Aranei: Lycosidae) р. Ардон и ее притоков от альпийского пояса Бокового хребта до лесолугово-степного пояса Северо-Осетинской наклонной равнины. Материал был собран в биотопах шести высотных поясов. Всего выявлено 34 вида пауков-волков, относящихся к 9 родам. Наибольшее количество видов отмечено в лесолуговом-степном поясе (25 видов), наименьшее - в альпийском (2 вида). Проведенный кластерный анализ показал четкое разграничение комплекса фауны пауков на среднегорный/низкогорный кластер (до 1700 м н.у.м.) и высокогорный кластер (от 1700 м н.у.м. и выше). Видами с самым широким диапазоном высотной приуроченности являются Pardosa morosa (L. Koch, 1870) и P. tatarica (Thorell, 1875). Впервые на территории Северной Осетии отмечены. Irctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777), A. tbilisensis Mcheidze, 1947.
СТАНДАРТЫ ЗНАНИЙ С ПОЗИЦИЙ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ЛЕГКИХ, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Ливерко Ирина Владимировна , Ташметова Гулчехра Талиповна
Published: October 2020

ХОБЛ является одним из основных приоритетных направлений Глобального плана ВОЗ по профилактике и контролю неинфекционных заболеваний, на раннее выявление и профилактику которого должны быть ориентированы усилия системы здравоохранения [3]. Цель исследования: оценить уровень профессиональной компетентности врачей до прохождения курса постдипломного образования по специальности «пульмонология». Материалы и методы. Проведено анонимное анкетирование 590 специалистов, включая выпускников вузовов, врачей общей практики, терапевтов и специалистов в области респираторной медицины по опроснику, отражающему знания специалистов о заболевании, его диагностике, лечении и профилактике. Результаты. Оценка профессиональной компетентности в вопросах стандартов диагностики и лечения ХОБЛ в разрезе международных рекомендаций выявили низкий уровень базовой подготовленности в данных вопросах от бакалавров до врачей общей практики/терапевтов. Отмечено неудовлетворительное состояние вопросов диагностики ХОБЛ, что обусловливает быстрые темпы прогрессирования заболевания и неблагоприятного исхода.
Health Implication of Housing Conditions on Residents in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikwun Omang, Donald , Owan Bisong, Jude
Published: October 2020

Aim: Staying healthy is a function of many factors among which housing condition of man is prime. Both intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of housing can impact on human health. This study examined the health implications of housing conditions on the residents of Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study design was employed using questionnaire to elicit information on the housing conditions of residents and their public health implications in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria from February to May 2016. A sample size of 400 respondents was used for the study. Data collected were analyzed descriptively using simple percentages.

Results: Findings from this study indicate that malaria and typhoid fever were the two major health challenge among the residents. Also, domestic accident/injuries were observed to be more frequent which can be the possible effect of poor housing conditions among the residents of Calabar South Local Government Area. Results of the dwelling condition of residents in Calabar South revealed that 41.8% of the respondents rated it very poor with only 4.5% of the respondents rating their dwelling place to be excellent. Common pest/vectors perceived in housing units as highlighted by the respondents showed that mosquitoes (46.3%) and cockroaches (30.8%) were more prevalent.

Conclusion: It was recommended among others that there should be a continuous public enlightenment among the people on the health implication of their living conditions in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State.
Response of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer under Irrigation in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Demeke Mezgebu , Tesema M. W. , Tana Tamado , Abdulahi Jemal
Published: October 2020

Mung bean has become an important cash and food crop in dry land areas of Ethiopia. However, there is no sufficient research information on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers rates for the crop in the study area. Thus, field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N and P fertilizer rates on growth, yield components and yield of mung bean under irrigation at Nura-Era, central Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three N fertilizer rates (0, 23 and 46 kg N ha-1) in the form of Urea (46% N) and five P fertilizer rates (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P ha-1) in the form of Triple Superphosphate (20% P)  laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Result of the main effect of nitrogen rate showed significantly highest number of primary branches per plant (4.25), number of  pods per plant (17.7), and 100 seed weight (4.94 g) at 23 kg N ha-1. Similarly, the main effect of P fertilizer rate showed that the application of 40 kg P ha-1 produced significantly the highest number of primary branches per plant (4.79), highest number of pods per plant (20.85), the highest number of seeds per pod (6.24), the highest aboveground dry biomass (6838.83 kg ha-1), the highest 100 seed weight (5.21 g) and the highest harvest index (25.96%). The interaction of N and P rates showed that the combination of 23 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P ha-1 gave the highest grain yield (1902.78 kg ha-1). Thus, the combination of 23 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P ha-1 can be used to increase the productivity of mung bean in the study area.
Preserving Romantic Relationship through Social Media
Authors: Torreon Leandro C.
Published: October 2020

Facebook is one of the most popular social networking sites (SNS) that recreates face-to-face interactions on the web by allowing people to interact publicly or privately. Many people use Facebook as a way to stay in contact while others use it to develop new connections. The objective of this study was to investigate how Facebook serves as medium in preserving romantic relationships of faculty members, staff and students of the university. The study used a descriptive-survey and correlational research designs to determine if there  is a relationship between the variables. A questionnaire was utilized to determine  respondents’ use of Facebook and status of romantic relationships in terms of partner  surveillance, relationship satisfaction, self-disclosure and social intimacy. The results revealed  that Facebook influence the preservation of romantic relationship as the study found a slight positive relationship between the partner surveillance and relationship satisfaction. The increase in partner surveillance will lead to an increase of relationship satisfaction; hence the absence of it can push a relationship into a negative state. However, other important factors like affectionate communications can lead to relationship satisfaction. Therefore, it was recommended that a strong communication/interaction between couples is needed in maintaining romantic relationship; there is a need of a school program to guide the students, faculty and staff in handling healthy relationship and affectionate communication shall be given value in maintaining romantic relationship.
Effect of Pruning in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) for Shoot Growth, Flowering and Fruit Yield
Authors: Amarnath K. S. , Mishra Saket , Singh Ravi Kumar
Published: October 2020

The present experiment was carried out during December 2018 to May 2019 in Central Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. it is concluded that treatment T2 (20 cm pruning) was best in terms of vegetative growth parameters like plant height, plant spread, number of branches etc. and treatment T4 (40 cm pruning) was best in terms of earliness and fruit yield parameters, in terms of quality treatment T3 (30 cm pruning) was best. In terms of economics treatment T4 (40 cm pruning) recorded maximum benefit and cost benefit ratio.
Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle): A Pharmacologically Important Medicinal Plant Species of Himalayan Region
Authors: Rawat Geeta , Bameta Alka , Gaur A. K.
Published: October 2020

Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle) belonging to the family Urticaceae is a medicinal plantfound in the Himalayas region from Kashmir to Kumaon region (Uttarakhand.). In Himalayan region, this plant is used for the daily purpose as food as well as to serve animals. It contains various phytochemicals like phenolic acid, coumarins, flavanols, bioflavonoids, Flavan-3-ols etc which is used to cure many diseases like arthritis, constipation, Pulmonary, Liver, Intestine, Kidney, Diabetes, Fungal infections, anti-inflammatory, internal injury and wounds. It also has hepatoprotective activity, anti‑hyperlipidemic activity, diuretic activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity. Researchers have reported about 30 species with 47 genera and 1,300 species worldwide used to treat different diseases. Medicinal plants have proved to be the “backbone” of traditional medical system which signifies that developing countries depend upon medicinal plants for therapeutic use.
Role of Chymotrypsin in Management of Moderate Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion in Children
Authors: Eldeeb Rawan Mohamed , Ezz Md Ahmed Abd El Basset Abo El , Eltomey Md Mohamed Adel , Hamza Md Mohamed Basiony
Published: October 2020

Aims: To show the benefit of chymotrypsin as an adjuvant therapy in cases of moderate parapneumonic pleural effusion in children.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Pulmonology Unit, Pediatric Department and Radiology Department, Tanta University Hospital, Egypt between Februray, 2019 to Februray, 2020.

Methodology: Subjects comprised of 60 children randomized into three groups 20 children each (41 males, 19 females; age range 1-14 years) with moderate parapneumonic pleural effusion by chest ultrasound. Clinical as well as complete blood count, C-reactive protein and chest ultrasonography at time of presentation, after one week (first end point) and after two weeks (second end point). Management with antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics, chest tube insertion and oral chymotrypsin in group 2 and intramuscular chymotrypsin in group 3.

Results: There was statistically significant decrease in fluid thickness by chest u/s (mm) in group 2 (Mean ±SD= 6.400±3.872) and  group 3 (Mean ±SD= 6.150±2.720) after one week and after two weeks group 2 (Mean ±SD= 15.3±4.658) while group 3 (Mean ±SD= 3.3±1.559) in comparsion to group 1 after one week (Mean ±SD= 16.100±10.351) and after two weeks (Mean ±SD= 11.35±7.066) ( P < 0.001), duration of hospitalization (days) and chest tube (days) were statistically significant lower in group 2 (Mean±SD= 15.200±4.112 ), (Mean±SD= 9.100±2.808) respectively and group 3  (Mean±SD= 14.050±3.300), (Mean±SD= 7.400±1.698 ), in relative to group 1 (Mean±SD= 18.65±3.329 ),         (Mean±SD= 9.85±3.265 ), (P  <0.001, P=0.017  respectively) and  percentage  of  decortication  was statistically significant lower in group 2 and 3 in relative to group 1. (P =0.017).

Conclusion: Chymotrypsin has an adjuvant role in management of moderate parapneumonic pleural effusion evidenced by earlier recovery less hospital stay, derease in chest tube insertion and need for decortication and intramuscular  chymotrypsin  injection  has  better effect than oral chymotrypsin in moderate parapneumonic pleural effusion.
Pick and Place Process Defect Mitigation on Semiconductor BGA Device
Authors: Jr. Antonio R. Sumagpang , Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Jr. Edwin M. Graycochea
Published: October 2020

With the new devices and new technologies in semiconductor industry are getting more challenging to process because of new processes and process bricks. One of the most challenging assembly processes is the pick and place or the die attach process. Issues were encountered during product development phase of a semiconductor ball grid array (BGA) device of radio frequency (RF) applications and one of which is the “thrown” dies during die picking. This paper is focused on addressing the thrown dies issue at pick and place process. Installation of blower ionizer on the machine is an extensive improvement done to eliminate the foreign materials resulting to thrown dies during picking. With this improvement, a reduction of around 80 percent of thrown dies was achieved. For future works, the improvement and learnings could be used for devices with similar requirement.
Evaluation of Anti-diabetic, Hepatoprotective and Antilipidemic Potentials of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) on Albino Rats
Authors: Sammy Joshua F. , Emine Davies G. Tamuno- , Nwachuku Edna O.
Published: October 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic, hepatorenoprotective and antilipidemic potentials of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in albino rats.

Study Design: This study is a non-randomized experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between September, 2019 and December, 2019.

Methodology: Thirty-five male Wister rats with weight between 145 to 150 g were randomly selected into seven groups of five rats each. The first group served as Negative control (group 1). The second group was the positive control (Diabetic group). The remaining five groups being the treatment groups (3-7). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) single dose. Group 3 Diabetic group treated with metformin (100 mg/kg); Group 4 Diabetic group treated with low dose clove (250 mg/kg). Group 5 Diabetic group treated with low dose clove and metformin; Group 6 Diabetic group treated with high dose clove (750 mg/kg), while Group 7 were Diabetic group treated with high dose clove (750 mg/kg) and metformin for six weeks. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture in appropriate EDTA, heparinized and sterile bottles for standard laboratory investigations of lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine. Plasma lipid profile, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine were determined using enzymatic end point method under standard operating procedures. Statistical analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism Version 5.03 and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: Results revealed that the STZ-induced diabetic group exhibited highly significant increase in activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP, increase in the levels of urea, creatinine, glucose and most lipid profile parameters as compared to the negative control group (p<0.001). Histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats indicated slight changes. However, their changes were overcame by clove treatment and the majority of the cells tend to be normal. Low dose clove group 5 (250 mg/kg) with metformin decreased the levels of the analytes most when compared to the levels of the positive control group. For glucose, group 5 gave a mean glucose level of 4.40 ± 1.08 mmo/l, significantly lower than the positive control group 39.67 ± 0.67, ALT group 5 gave a mean ALT level of 56.00 ± 7.11, which was significantly lower than the positive control group 205.70 ± 14.79, for urea group 5 gave a mean urea level of 4.25 ± 0.77 which was significantly lower the control group 23.80 ± 3.56  at  p < 0.001, thereby yielding a better treatment result.

Conclusion: In conclusion, low dose clove supplementation with metformin could be excellent adjuvant support in the therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Alternative Therapies for Menopausal Symptom Care: Outlining Possibilities and Challenges
Authors: Araujo Aline Rodrigues de , Chagas Rayane Kelly Ferreira das , Lima Israel Coutinho Sampaio
Published: October 2020

Objetivos: Analisar as principais terapias alternativas que podem diminuir os sintomas da menopausa e apresentar os desafios enfrentados pela enfermagem diante desta prática. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa da literatura, com abordagem exploratória descritiva. Foram utilizados os bancos de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde. Obteve-se 145 estudos, destes 11 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, conforme as etapas do PRISMA. Resultados: As principais terapias alternativas identificadas foram: prática de exercício físico, acupuntura, hidroterapia, plantas medicinais, yoga e imaginação guiada. Cada uma das modalidades de terapias apontadas possui benefícios positivos em relação à redução dos sintomas da menopausa. Os enfermeiros têm contribuição direta para a adesão e realização das terapias alternativas, porém ainda existe grande desconhecimento sobre como realizar tais práticas. Conclusão: Torna-se importante a inclusão do ensino e qualificação em terapias alternativas dentro do ensino universitário e dos programas de educação permanente em saúde coletiva.
Multichromatic Control of Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Kramer Markus M. , Mühlhäuser Wignand W. D. , Weber Wilfried , Radziwill Gerald
Published: October 2020

The precise control of signaling proteins is a prerequisite to decipher the complexity of the signaling network and to reveal and to study pathways involved in regulating cellular metabolism and gene expression. Optogenetic approaches play an emerging role as they enable the spatiotemporal control of signaling processes. Herein, a multichromatic system is developed by combining the blue light cryptochrome 2 system and the red/far‐red light phytochrome B system. The use of three wavelengths allows the orthogonal control of the RAF/ERK and the AKT signaling pathway. Continuous exposure of cells to blue light leads to activation of AKT while simultaneous pulses of red and far‐red light enable the modulation of ERK signaling in cells with constantly active AKT signaling. The optimized, orthogonal multichromatic system presented here is a valuable tool to better understand the fine grained and intricate processes involved in cell fate decisions.
Tandem Annulations of Propargylic Alcohols to Indole Derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yan , Liu Yun‐Lin , Chen Long
Published: October 2020

Indole derivatives are important heterocycles in organic synthesis for serving as privileged building blocks for functional material and as key components in a lot of bioactive compounds. Propargylic alcohols, bearing alkynyl and hydroxyl functional groups, have emerged as promising feedstock materials for the construction of carbo‐ and heterocycles. Especially, in the last decade, the Lewis or Brønsted acid catalysed tandem annulations of propargylic alcohols to build structurally diverse indole derivatives have been well‐investigated. In this review, we summarize two main synthetic strategies toward indole derivatives via the cascade reactions of propargylic alcohols: indole‐ring formation involved tandem reactions and the direct function‐alization of indole skeletons. We hope this review would help to develop new and more efficient protocols for the synthesis of indole‐included N‐heterocycles.

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Azo‐Bridged Cesium Salt of Phenolate/Triazolide as an Unprecedented Carboxylation Catalyst for 1,3‐Disubtituted Ureas from CO2 and Amines
Authors: Truong Cong Chien , Tran Anh Vy , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Baek Jayeon , Kim Yong Jin
Published: October 2020

The azo‐bridged cesium salt of phenolate/triazolide (IUPAC name: cesium salt of 4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylazo)‐phenol) (2a, ABC‐PT) is successfully prepared from the equimolar neutralization of corresponding precursor, 4‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylazo)‐phenol with Cs2CO3, and is characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and NMR. This compound is applied as a highly active catalyst for the direct synthesis of 1,3‐disubstituted urea as well as polyureas with high yield and selectivity from various amines and CO2. It is observed that the high activity of the prepared catalyst is associated with the synergistic effect of azo linkage as well as azolide and phenolate group in the structure of the compound, which act as CO2‐philic moieties due to their resonance structures. These explain the high stability against water and air, thus resulting in an unprecedented turnover frequency value of 858 h−1 in the carboxylation reaction. In addition, the catalyst is found to be thermally stable and retains its original activity after recycling four times.
Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Modified with Au Nanoparticles as High Conductivity and High Activity Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qiao Hui , Liu Huating , Huang Zongyu , Ma Qian , Luo Siwei , Li Jun , Liu Yundan , Zhong Jianxin , Qi Xiang
Published: October 2020

As a unique monoelemental 2D material, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted great research interest in the field of electrocatalytic oxygen release due to its special electronic structure and satisfactory catalytic activity. However, the limited catalytic activity of BP nanosheets limits its practical application. Here, a one‐pot hot solution method is used to synthesize a mixed‐dimensional hybrid of BP nanosheets loaded with Au nanoparticles (BP/Au). The electrochemical test results show the BP/Au exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance with an ultra‐low onset potential (1.36 V) and Tafel slope (68.1 mV dec−1). The first‐principles calculation results further support the experimental results, in which the loading of Au nanoparticles realizes the transition of BP from the semiconductor phase to the metal phase, which makes the BP/Au exhibit faster carrier mobility. The BP/Au also exhibits a Gibbs free energy closer to the optimal value of the OER. This is because Au nanoparticles can inject free electrons unto the surface of BP and realize the coupling effect between the local semiconductor and metal, thereby effectively improving the carrier mobility and catalytic activity. This work fully confirms that the BP/Au is a suitable candidate for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, and provides effective strategies for constructing efficient electrocatalysts.
“All the problems in the community are multifaceted and related to each other”: Inuit concerns in an era of climate change
Authors: Ready Elspeth , Collings Peter
Published: October 2020

Objective

Human dimensions of climate change research in the Arctic often proposes ways for local communities to adapt to changes to their environment, foregrounding problems posed by climate change while treating social, political, and economic factors as background conditions. We explore the relevance of this research paradigm for Inuit by examining how Inuit from Kangiqsujuaq present and discuss the major issues facing their community.

Methods

We thematically code and analyze the responses of 107 Inuit to three free‐response questions about the problems facing their community and the best things about their community. The data were collected as part of a questionnaire for a project focused on food security and food sharing conducted in Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, in 2013 to 2014.

Results

Few respondents mentioned issues relating to climate change among the most pressing problems faced by their community. Rather, a suite of interconnected social and economic issues, particularly substance abuse and the cost of living, emerged as the main concerns of Kangiqsujuarmiut. However, the environment was a central theme in respondents' favorite thing about their community.

Conclusions

In light of the concerns identified by Inuit, we argue that much research on climate change makes incorrect a priori assumptions and consequently fails to capture aspects of Arctic socioecological systems that are essential for how Inuit are responding to climate change. An inductive, open‐ended approach can help produce research more relevant to communities.
Large Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Cages: The Isolation of Functionalized POSS with an Unprecedented Si18O27 Core
Authors: Laird Mathilde , Herrmann Niklas , Ramsahye Naseem , Totée Cédric , Carcel Carole , Unno Masafumi , Bartlett John R. , Wong Chi Man Michel
Published: October 2020

The synthesis of organo‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS, (R‐SiO1.5)n, Tn) is an area of significant activity. To date, T14 is the largest such cage synthesized and isolated as a single isomer. Herein, we report an unprecedented, single‐isomer styryl‐functionalized T18 POSS. Unambiguously identified among nine possible isomers by multinuclear solution NMR (1H, 13C, and 29Si), MALDI‐MS, FTIR, and computational studies, this is the largest single‐isomer functionalized Tn compound isolated to date. A ring‐strain model was developed to correlate the 29Si resonances with the number of 6‐, 5‐, and/or 4‐Si‐atom rings that each non‐equivalent Si atom is part of. The model successfully predicts the speciation of non‐equivalent Si atoms in other families of Tn compounds, demonstrating its general applicability for assigning 29Si resonances to Si atoms in cage silsesquioxanes and providing a useful tool for predicting Si‐atom environments.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regiodivergent C−H Alkynylation of Thiophenes**
Authors: Mondal Arup , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: October 2020

Alkynes are highly attractive motifs in organic synthesis due to their presence in natural products and bioactive molecules as well as their versatility in a plethora of subsequent transformations. A common procedure to insert alkynes into (hetero)arenes, such as the thiophenes studied herein, consists of a halogenation followed by a Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The regioselectivity of this approach depends entirely on the halogenation step. Similarly, direct alkynylations of thiophenes have been described that follow the same regioselectivity patterns. Herein we report the development of a palladium catalyzed C−H activation/alkynylation of thiophenes. The method is applicable to a broad range of thiophene substrates. For 3‐substituted substrates where controlling the regioselectivity between the C2 and C5 position is particularly challenging, two sets of reaction conditions enable a regiodivergent reaction, giving access to each regioisomer selectively. Both protocols use the thiophene as limiting reagent and show a broad scope, rendering our method suitable for late‐stage modification.
Prognose des Verbrauchs grauer Energie über die Lebensdauer von Gebäuden
Authors: Zimmermann Josef , Reiser Maximilian
Published: October 2020

Das Bauen in Städten und Ballungsräumen gehört weltweit zu den größten Ressourcenverbrauchern. Das Gebäudeenergiegesetz (GEG) in Deutschland stellt Anforderungen an den energetischen Standard für den Neubau. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Reduktion des Primärenergiebedarfs für die Wärmeversorgung im Betrieb. Die erforderliche nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (graue Energie) der in Gebäuden eingesetzten Materialien und der damit einhergehende Ressourcenverbrauch ist jedoch zusätzlich zu beachten. Die bei der Errichtung von Gebäuden umgesetzte graue Energie wurde bereits vielfach untersucht und beschrieben. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der anfallenden grauen Energie über den gesamten Lebenszyklus von Immobilien. Insbesondere werden die Aufwendungen nach der Errichtung für Instandsetzung und Entsorgung untersucht. Hierzu wird ein Prognosemodell auf Basis der Methodik der Standardraumstrukturen von Kornblum und Greitemann entwickelt und auf das Beispiel einer Wohnimmobilie angewandt.
Ermüdungscharakteristika eines hochfesten Betons bei sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen
Authors: Willers Kerstin , Gerlach Lutz , Herrmann Nico , Dehn Frank
Published: October 2020

Bei zyklisch beanspruchten Betontragwerken besteht die Herausforderung, die Nutzungsdauer zunehmend filigraner Baustrukturen und vorgespannter Systeme mit sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen N > 107 bemessungstechnisch abzusichern. Dies erfordert technische Spezifikationen, die unter Berücksichtigung eines hinreichend genauen Materialverständnisses das Ermüdungsverhalten unter sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen realitätsnah abbilden. Die derzeitigen Bemessungsgrundlagen in Form von Wöhlerlinien beschränken sich für Betonbauteile bisher auf versuchstechnisch verifizierte Lastwechselzahlen bis N = 107. Durch die Entwicklung einer gezielt zum Schwingen anregbaren Versuchsvorrichtung war es am IMB/MPA Karlsruhe des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) möglich, erste Versuche an einem hochfesten Beton C120 unter Nutzung eines Hochfrequenzpulsators zur Erzeugung von Druckschwellbeanspruchungen durchzuführen. Der Beitrag fasst die Untersuchungsergebnisse zusammen und weist auf weitergehende thematische Fragestellungen bezüglich des Ermüdungsverhaltens von Beton unter sehr hohen Lastwechselzahlen hin.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of an Advanced Intermediate of (+)‐Sarain A
Authors: Hu Xiu‐Ning , Wu Dong‐Ping , Xu Ye‐Peng , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: October 2020

The first organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of an advanced intermediate of (+)‐sarain A was achieved. This approach featured the employment of an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction and a nitrogen‐to‐carbon chirality transfer to forge three chiral centers, as well as a catalytic hydrosilylation for the chemoselective reduction of a key lactam intermediate. The tricyclic intermediate contained all the required functionalities for elaborating into (+)‐sarain A.
Identification of sources of resistance to gray leaf spot in Stenotaphrum germplasm
Authors: Carbajal Esdras M. , Ma Bangya , Zuleta M. Carolina , Reynolds W. Casey , Arellano Consuelo , Tredway Lane P. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R.
Published: October 2020

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] is a popular warm‐season turfgrass in the southern United States. Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, is one of the major diseases in St. Augustinegrass. Although previous studies have reported polyploid lines with resistance to GLS, no comprehensive evaluations of sources of resistance have been performed in the genus. Such evaluations will enable breeders to identify resistant parents for cultivar development. In this study, 58 genotypes of St. Augustinegrass and two genotypes of pembagrass [Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.] were screened for resistance to three different P. oryzae sources of inoculum under controlled environmental conditions. The parameters evaluated were incubation period, number of leaves with lesions, mean lesion length, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and area under the lesion expansion curve (AULEC). Significant differences among genotypes were identified. Polyploid genotypes PI 365031, PI 290888, PI 300129, PI 300130, and cultivar ‘FX‐10’ and diploid genotype PI 410353 consistently showed high levels of resistance across trials, inoculum sources, and parameters. The identification of resistance genes in diploid genotypes is of great importance for future St. Augustinegrass breeding efforts, as this germplasm pool can be more readily exploited because of the lack of reproductive barriers with most commercial cultivars and plant introductions.
Cognitive improvement following weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Hemmingsen Simone Daugaard , Wesselhoeft Rikke , Lichtenstein Mia Beck , Sjögren Jan Magnus , Støving René Klinkby
Published: October 2020

Objective

Anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with cognitive impairment. While re‐nutrition is one of the main treatment targets, the effect on cognitive impairments is unclear. The aim of this review was to examine whether cognitive functions improve after weight gain in patients with AN.

Method

A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42019081993). Literature searches were conducted May 20th, 2019 in PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library. Pairs of reviewers screened reports independently based on titles/abstracts (N = 6539) and full texts (N = 378). Furthermore, they assessed the quality of reports, including whether practice effects were accounted for.

Results

Twenty‐four longitudinal reports were included featuring 757 patients and 419 healthy controls. Six studies examined children and adolescents. Four out of four studies found processing speed to improve above and beyond what could be assigned to practice effects and three out of four studies found that cognitive flexibility was unaffected after weight gain in children and adolescents. Results from studies of adults were inconclusive.

Discussion

The literature on cognitive change in patients with AN following weight gain is sparse. Preliminary conclusions can be made only for children and adolescents, where weight gain appeared to be associated with improved processing speed.
A novel method for network traffic classification based on robust support vector machine
Authors: Qu Hua , Jiang Jie , Zhao Jihong , Zhang Yanpeng , Yang Jinli
Published: October 2020

The increasing demand for high‐speed transmission and traffic classification has been widely applied for network resource management, quality of service, dynamic access control, and others. Some normal machine learning algorithms for network traffic classification are becoming obsolete, as the increasing deployment of encryption in protocols and dynamic ports, as well as some new technology are available, such as HTML5 protocols and HTTP adaptive streaming in video traffic. This article presents a novel classification algorithm for video traffic. We produce a new video traffic dataset and propose an original parameter adaptive algorithm for robust support vector machine with a fuzzy membership function. The results show that the proposed model is an effective alternative to be applied in actual network environment.
Enabling security for the Industrial Internet of Things using deep learning, blockchain, and coalitions
Authors: Sharma Mehul , Pant Shrid , Kumar Sharma Deepak , Datta Gupta Koyel , Vashishth Vidushi , Chhabra Anshuman
Published: October 2020

In a wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network, enforcing security is a challenge due to the large number of devices forming the network and their limited computation capabilities. Furthermore, different security attacks require specifically tailored security protocols to prevent their occurrence. As an alternative to these conventional centralized security protocols, the application of Blockchain (BC) and Deep learning (DL) for securing IIoT networks hold great potential. BC facilitates security by being an immutable record of the changes happening in a network. Coalition Formation theory aids decentralization and promotes energy efficiency. And to enforce a state‐of‐the‐art attack detection technique, Deep learning provides an adaptive and reliable platform. Thus, in this paper, a security framework that facilitates generalized security for the IIoT network using BC and Coalition Formation theory is proposed. Additionally, we promote a sophisticated deep learning‐based classification algorithm to efficiently classify malicious and benign devices in IIoT scenarios. In the proposed model, connection links can only be established if the details of the connection are mined on the BC by the “sender” device. Therefore, we propose a Proof of Reliance algorithm that dynamically increases the computational difficulty to prevent malicious devices from attacking the network. Through simulations, it is experimentally proven that malicious devices can never attack the network when the proposed framework is employed for IIoT security.
Thermohydraulic and entropy characteristics of Al2O3‐water nanofluid in a ribbed interrupted microchannel heat exchanger
Authors: Adio Saheed A. , Alo Timothy A. , Olagoke Ridwan O. , Olalere Adedotun E. , Veeredhi Vasudeva Rao , Ewim Daniel R. E.
Published: October 2020

In this study, an interrupted microchannel heat sink with rib turbulators was studied for its thermohydraulic effectiveness and entropy generation in a compact space. The rib edges are modified to enhance the overall functioning of the system by reducing the pressure drop. The working fluid used was Al2O3‐water nanofluid, and increasing the Reynolds number and nanoparticle concentration triggered a reduction in the heat sink's maximum temperature. These also offer a decrease in resistance to heat transfer, and there is an improvement in the evenness of the temperature of the interrupted microchannel heat sink, as regions with the likelihood of hot spot reduced drastically. At Re = 100, increasing the nanoparticle concentration from 0% to 4% enhanced the heat transfer coefficient by 38.41% for the interrupted microchannel heat sink‐base (IMCH‐B) configuration. Under similar conditions, the convective heat transfer coefficient for the interrupted microchannel heat sink‐fillet (IMCH‐F) increased by 43.69%. Furthermore, at 0.5% concentration, changing the Reynolds number from 100 to 700 augmented the heat transfer coefficient by 70.65%. Thus, the maximum temperature of the substrate's bottom surface was reduced by 53.83°C when the system was operated at Re = 700 and nanoparticle concentration of 4%. The IMCH‐C also showed relatively close results at all observed volume fractions. For the IMCH‐C, the maximum temperature of the bottom surface was reduced by 41.98°C at Re = 700 when compared with Re = 100% and 4% concentration. Although at high Reynolds numbers and concentrations, the pressure drops are higher, the performance enhancement criteria prove that the nanofluid is superior to water and the edge modifications show significant performance improvement. More importantly, the IMCH‐F heat sink showed the optimum performance based on the performance evaluation criteria at Re = 300 and (ie, at this point, the heat transfer coefficient is maximum and the pressure drop is minimum). On the other hand, the optimal thermodynamic performance was observed at Re = 700 and . The numerical results demonstrated a potential way to exploit nano‐suspensions for thermal applications, especially for high‐energy flux systems with compact space constraints.