bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xpert Bladder Cancer Monitor for the Early Detection of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Recurrences: Could Cystoscopy Be Substituted?
Authors: Lozano Fernando , Raventós Carles X. , Carrion Albert , Dinarés Carme , Hernández Javier , Trilla Enrique , Morote Juan
Published: July 2023

XBM was prospectively assessed in spontaneous urine collected just before flexible cystoscopy and washing cytology carried out within the first 2 years follow-up of 337 patients with NMIBC. Recurrences were pathologically confirmed in 49 patients (14.5%), 22 of them being high-risk (6.5%). The XBM sensitivity for detecting any type of recurrence was 69.4% and 63.6% in the cases of high-risk NMIBC. Negative predictive value (NPV) for XBM was 93% for all recurrences and 96.2% for high-risk recurrences. XBM could have avoided 213 invasive controls but missed the detection of 15 recurrences (30.6%)–8 of them of high-risk (36.4%). XBM false positive elevations were detected in 90 patients (26.7%), whereas 10 patients with the invasive method had a false positive result (3%), p <0.001. However, early detection of recurrences during the first year’s follow-up after an XBM false positive result was observed in 18 patients (20%). On the other hand, 19 recurrences were detected during this period among the rest of the patients (7.7%)—p = 0.003, and odds ratio (OR) 3.0 (95% CI 1.5–6.0). Regarding one-year follow-up recurrences, 10% were high-risk recurrences in the XBM false positive group and 3.2% in the rest of the patients—p = 0.021, and OR 3.3 (95% CI 1.2–8.9). Additionally, 11.3% of the patients without false positive results developed a recurrence, p = 0.897, for any recurrence, being 10% and 5.2%, respectively, and high-risk and low-risk recurrences, p = 0.506. After searching for the best XBM cutoff for detecting the 38 high-risk initial recurrences and the early high-risk recurrences after a one-year follow-up, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of 0.13 could have avoided 11.3% of cystoscopies and bladder wash cytologies, as this cutoff missed only 1 high-risk recurrence (2.6%). More extensive and well-designed studies will confirm if XBM can improve the surveillance of NMIBC.
Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papillomavirus, and Cervical Cancer: Overview, Relationship, and Treatment Implications
Authors: Sausen Daniel , Shechter Oren , Gallo Elisa , Dahari Harel , Borenstein Ronen
Published: July 2023

There is a significant body of research examining the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, with a particular emphasis on the oncogenic proteins E5, E6, and E7. What is less well explored, however, is the relationship between cervical cancer and herpes simplex virus (HSV). To date, studies examining the role of HSV in cervical cancer pathogenesis have yielded mixed results. While several experiments have determined that HPV/HSV-2 coinfection results in a higher risk of developing cervical cancer, others have questioned the validity of this association. However, clarifying the potential role of HSV in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer may have significant implications for both the prevention and treatment of this disease. Should this relationship be clarified, treating and preventing HSV could open another avenue with which to prevent cervical cancer. The importance of this is highlighted by the fact that, despite the creation of an effective vaccine against HPV, cervical cancer still impacts 604,000 women and is responsible for 342,000 deaths annually. This review provides an overview of HSV and HPV infections and then delves into the possible links between HPV, HSV, and cervical cancer. It concludes with a summary of preventive measures against and recent treatment advances in cervical cancer.
Preparation and Investigation of Micro-Transfer-Printable Single-Crystalline InP Coupons for Heterogeneous Integration of III-V on Si
Authors: Peracchi Isabella , Richter Carsten , Schulz Tobias , Martin Jens , Kwasniewski Albert , Kläger Sebastian , Frank-Rotsch Christiane , Steglich Patrick , Stolze Karoline
Published: July 2023

New requirements for high-frequency applications in wireless communication and sensor technologies need III-V compound semiconductors such as indium phosphide (InP) to complement silicon (Si)-based technologies. This study establishes the basis for a new approach to heterogeneous integration of III-V on Si aimed at the transfer of single-crystalline InP coupons on Si via micro-transfer printing (μTP). The InP coupons will act as high-quality virtual substrates that allow selective homo-epitaxy. We present the chemical-mechanical polishing-based preparation and structural characterization of µm-thin (001) InP platelets, starting from high-quality 4-inch bulk crystals and micro-patterning into transferable coupons of several hundred µm2. The obtained InP platelets exhibit the desired thickness—below 10 ± 1 µm—and low surface roughness—<0.3 nm—on both sides, meeting the precondition for µTP and epitaxy. X-ray rocking curve measurements provide accurate spatial maps of the total strain, which indicate small strain variations in the µm-thin InP sample. Rocking curve mappings of the (0 0 4) reflection reveal half-widths below 16 arcsec in the majority of the sample area after thinning that is similar to commercially available InP bulk substrates. Pole figure measurements show no evidence of stress-induced micro-twinning or stacking faults. Overall, minor indications of crystal quality degradation in the product platelets, compared with the bulk samples, were detected.
Piranha Solution-Assisted Surface Engineering Enables Silicon Nanocrystals with Superior Wettability and Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Yangfan , Zhang Fan , Liang Naiwen , Yin Jiang , Zhao Haihong , Yang Yahui , Chen Bo , Yang Lishan
Published: July 2023

Silicon anodes with a high theoretical capacity possess great potential applications in power batteries for electric vehicles, while their volume expansion always leads to crystal pulverization and electrode polarization. An ideal solution to alleviate such pulverization and polarization of silicon crystals is to simultaneously use nano-sized silicon crystals and introduce high viscosity and elasticity polymer binders. This work has achieved the adjustable introduction of hydroxyl groups to silicon nanocrystals under the optimal reaction temperature (e.g., 80 °C) and appropriate piranha solution composition (e.g., H2SO4/H2O2 = 3:1 v/v), ultimately forming an amorphous coating layer of ~1.3 nm on the silicon surface. The optimized silicon anode exhibits superior electrochemical performance (with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 85.5%; 1121.4 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 200 cycles) and improved hydrophilicity. The introduced hydroxyl groups significantly enhance the hydrophilicity of silicon in the electrolyte and the electrochemical activity of the silicon anodes. The hydroxyl groups achieve stronger bonding between silicon and polymer binders, ultimately improving the mechanical strength and stability of the electrode. The introduction of hydrophily functional groups on the surface of silicon crystals can be explored as an active strategy to solve the above issues. This surface engineering method could be extended to more fields of infiltrating silicon-based functional materials.
Crystallization Kinetics: Relationship between Crystal Morphology and the Cooling Rate—Applications for Different Geological Materials
Authors: Aysal Namık , Kurt Yiğit , Öztürk Hüseyin , Ildiz Gulce Ogruc , Yesiltas Mehmet , Laçin Davut , Öngen Sinan , Nikitin Timur , Fausto Rui
Published: July 2023

Crystal morphology is controlled by several physicochemical parameters such as the temperature, pressure, cooling rate, nucleation, diffusion, volatile composition, and viscosity. The development of different crystal morphologies is observed as a function of the cooling rate in many different rock types (i.e., glassy volcanic rocks, and archeometallurgical slags). Crystallization is a two-stage kinetic process that begins with the formation of a nucleus and then continues with the accumulation of ions on it. The shapes of the crystals depend on the degree of undercooling (ΔT), and euhedral crystals, having characteristic forms that reflect their crystallographic internal structure, that grow just below their liquidus temperature. In this study, crystal morphologies in different minerals (e.g., quartz, sanidine, olivine, pyroxene, magnetite, etc.) that had developed in silicic volcanic rocks (spherulites) and slags from ancient mining were investigated and characterized using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDX) spectroscopic techniques. Depending on the increase in the cooling rate, quartz, feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, and magnetite minerals were found to crystallize in subhedral, skeletal, dendritic, spherical, bow-tie and fibrous forms in glassy volcanic rocks and archeometallurgical slags.
Effect of Exogenous Hormone on R-Spondin 2 (Rspo2) and R-Spondin 3 (Rspo3) Gene Expression and Embryo Development in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Authors: Cao Jizeng , Zhou Tong , Chen Guobin , Zou Guiwei , Liang Hongwei
Published: July 2023

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, is an important aquaculture species in China that exhibits distinct sexual dimorphism; male individuals are economically more valuable than females. In vertebrates, several R-spondin family proteins have been associated with sex differentiation mechanisms; however, their involvement in P. sinensis sex differentiation is unclear. Exogenous hormones such as estradiol (E2) also influence the sex differentiation of P. sinensis and induce sexual reversal. In the present study, we investigated the effects of E2 on the embryonic development of P. sinensis and the expression of R-spondin 2 (Rspo2) and R-spondin 3 (Rspo3). We amplified P. sinensis Rspo2 and Rspo3 and analyzed their expression patterns in different tissues. Comparative analyses with protein sequences from other species elucidated that P. sinensis RSPO2 and RSPO3 sequences were conserved. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. sinensis RSPO2 and RSPO3 were closely related to these two proteins from other turtle species. Furthermore, Rspo2 and Rspo3 were highly expressed in the brain and gonads of adult turtles, with significantly higher expression in the ovaries than in the testes (p < 0.05). We also evaluated the expression of Rspo2 and Rspo3 after the administration of three concentrations of E2 (1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/mL) to turtle eggs during embryonic development. The results revealed that E2 upregulated Rspo2 and Rspo3, and the expression trends varied during different embryonic developmental stages (stages 13–20). These findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms involved in the sex differentiation of Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
Comparative Analysis of the PYL Gene Family in Three Ipomoea Species and the Expression Profiling of IbPYL Genes during Abiotic Stress Response in Sweetpotato
Authors: Zhang Lei , Song Weihan , Xin Guosheng , Zhu Mingku , Meng Xiaoqing
Published: July 2023

Abscisic acid (ABA), a critical phytohormone that regulates plant development and stress response, is sensed by the ABA receptors PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs). The PYL genes have been widely studied in multiple plant species, while a systematic analysis of PYL genes in the genus Ipomoea remains unperformed. Here, a total of 13, 14, and 14 PYLs were identified in Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea trifida, and Ipomoea triloba, respectively. Fragment duplication was speculated to play prominent roles in Ipomoea PYL gene expansions. These Ipomoea PYLs were classified into three subfamilies via phylogenetic analysis, which was supported by exon–intron structures and conserved motif analyses. Additionally, the interspecies collinearity analysis further depicted a potential evolutionary relationship between them. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed that multiple IbPYLs are highly and differentially responsive to abiotic stress treatments, suggesting their potential roles in sweetpotato stress responses. Taken together, these data provide valuable insights into the PYLs in the genus Ipomoea, which may be useful for their further functional analysis of their defense against environmental changes.
Arabidopsis Transcription Regulatory Factor Domain/Domain Interaction Analysis Tool—Liquid/Liquid Phase Separation, Oligomerization, GO Analysis: A Toolkit for Interaction Data-Based Domain Analysis
Authors: Kang Jee Eun , Jun Ji Hae , Kwon Jung Hyun , Lee Ju-Hyun , Hwang Kidong , Kim Sungjong , Jeong Namhee
Published: July 2023

Although a large number of databases are available for regulatory elements, a bottleneck has been created by the lack of bioinformatics tools to predict the interaction modes of regulatory elements. To reduce this gap, we developed the Arabidopsis Transcription Regulatory Factor Domain/Domain Interaction Analysis Tool–liquid/liquid phase separation (LLPS), oligomerization, GO analysis (ART FOUNDATION-LOG), a useful toolkit for protein–nucleic acid interaction (PNI) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis based on domain–domain interactions (DDIs). LLPS, protein oligomerization, the structural properties of protein domains, and protein modifications are major components in the orchestration of the spatiotemporal dynamics of PPIs and PNIs. Our goal is to integrate PPI/PNI information into the development of a prediction model for identifying important genetic variants in peaches. Our program unified interdatabase relational keys based on protein domains to facilitate inference from the model species. A key advantage of this program lies in the integrated information of related features, such as protein oligomerization, LOG analysis, structural characterizations of domains (e.g., domain linkers, intrinsically disordered regions, DDIs, domain–motif (peptide) interactions, beta sheets, and transmembrane helices), and post-translational modification. We provided simple tests to demonstrate how to use this program, which can be applied to other eukaryotic organisms.
Transforming Intractable Policy Conflicts: A Qualitative Study Examining the Novel Application of Facilitated Discourse (Track Two Diplomacy) to Community Water Fluoridation in Calgary, Canada
Authors: Bharwani Aleem , Van Dyke Jessica , Santamaria-Plaza Cristina , Palmiano Federer Julia , Jones Peter
Published: July 2023

Governments face challenges in resolving complex health and social policy conflicts, such as the community water fluoridation (CWF) impasse in Calgary. Track Two diplomacy, informal dialogues facilitated by an impartial third party, is proposed to address these issues amid epistemic conflict and declining public trust in fellow citizens, science, and government. This study examined Track Two diplomacy’s application in Calgary’s CWF policy conflict. Collaborating with policymakers and community partners, the research team explored a Track Two–CWF process and conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with policymakers, scholars, practitioners, observers, and civil society representatives. Data interpretation explored contextual factors, conflict transformation potential, and design features for a Track Two process. A conflict map revealed factors contributing to impasse: the polarizing nature of a binary policy question on fluoridation; disciplinary silos; failed public engagement; societal populism; societal lack of disposition to dialogue; individual factors (adverse impact of conflict on stakeholders, adherence to extreme positions, issue fatigue, apathy, and lack of humility); together with policy-making factors (perceived lack of leadership, lack of forum to dialogue, polarization and silos). Participants suggested reframing the issue as nonbinary, involving a skilled facilitator, convening academics, and considering multiple dialogue tracks for a Track Two process. The first theory of change would focus on personal attitudes, relationships, and culture. Participants expressed cautious optimism about Track Two diplomacy’s potential. Track Two diplomacy offers a promising approach to reframe intractable public health policy conflicts by moving stakeholders from adversarial positions to jointly assessing and solving problems. Further empirical evidence is needed to test the suggested process.
24 h Activity Guidelines in Children and Adolescents: A Prevalence Survey in Asia-Pacific Cities
Authors: Quah Phaik Ling , Loo Benny Kai Guo , Mettananda Sachith , Dassanayake Senuri , Chia Michael Yong Hwa , Chua Terence Buan Kiong , Tan Teresa Shu Zhen , Chan Poh Chong , But Betty Wai-Man , Fu Antony Chun-Cheung , Wong Shirley Man-Yee , Nagano Nobuhiko , Morioka Ichiro , Kumar Shyamal , Nair Muttathu K. C. , Tan Kok Hian
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of adherence to 24 h activity guidelines in children and adolescents from Asia-Pacific cities. In 1139 children aged 5–18 years, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen viewing time (SVT), sleep duration, child weight, height, sex, and age were parent-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the number of guidelines met, and prevalence of adherence to activity guidelines by city and child sex. Prevalence of meeting all three 24 h activity guidelines was low across all countries (1.8–10.3%) (p < 0.05). Children from Thiruvananthapuram, India had the highest [10.3% (95% CI: 6.0–17.0)], while those from Tokyo, Japan had the lowest prevalence [1.8% (95% CI: 0.5–7.0)] of meeting all three guidelines. The highest prevalence of meeting individual MVPA, SVT and sleep guidelines was found in India [67.5% (95% CI: 58.8–75.1)], Kelaniya, Sri Lanka [63.2% (95% CI: 58.7–67.4)] and Kowloon, Hong Kong [59.4% (95% CI: 51.1–65.3)], respectively. Overall, a higher prevalence of boys met all three guidelines, compared to girls [5.9% (95% CI: 4.1–8.1) vs. 4.7% (3.1–6.6), p = 0.32]. The prevalence of adhering to all three activity guidelines was low in all five participating cities, with a higher proportion of boys meeting all guidelines.
Examining the Role of Quality of Institutionalized Healthcare on Maternal Mortality in the Dominican Republic
Authors: De Jesus Maria , Sullivan Nora , Hopman William , Martinez Alex , Glenn Paul David , Msopa Saviour , Milligan Brooke , Doney Noah , Howell William , Sellers Kimberly , Jackson Monica C.
Published: July 2023

The main study objective was to determine the extent to which the quality of institutionalized healthcare, sociodemographic factors of obstetric patients, and institutional factors affect maternal mortality in the Dominican Republic. COM-Poisson distribution and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship of predictor factors (i.e., hospital bed rate, vaginal birth rate, teenage mother birth rate, single mother birth rate, unemployment rate, infant mortality rate, and sex of child rate) in influencing maternal mortality rate. The factors hospital bed rate, teenage mother birth rate, and unemployment rate were not correlated with maternal mortality. Maternal mortality increased as vaginal birth rates and infant death rates increased whereas it decreased as single mother birth rates increased. Further research to explore alternate response variables, such as maternal near-misses or severe maternal morbidity is warranted. Additionally, the link found between infant death and maternal mortality presents an opportunity for collaboration among medical specialists to develop multi-faceted solutions to combat adverse maternal and infant health outcomes in the DR.
Involvement of Vacuolar Processing Enzyme CgVPE1 in Vacuole Rupture in the Programmed Cell Death during the Development of the Secretory Cavity in Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ Fruits
Authors: Huai Bin , Liang Minjian , Lin Junjun , Tong Panpan , Bai Mei , He Hanjun , Liang Xiangxiu , Chen Jiezhong , Wu Hong
Published: July 2023

Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) with caspase-1-like activity are closely associated with vacuole rupture. The destruction of vacuoles is one of the characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. However, whether VPE is involved in the vacuole destruction of cells during secretory cavity formation in Citrus plants remains unclear. This research identified a CgVPE1 gene that encoded the VPE and utilized cytology and molecular biology techniques to explore its temporal and spatial expression characteristics during the PCD process of secretory cavity cells in the Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruit. The results showed that CgVPE1 is an enzyme with VPE and caspase-1-like activity that can self-cleave into a mature enzyme in an acidic environment. CgVPE1 is specifically expressed in the epithelial cells of secretory cavities. In addition, it mainly accumulates in vacuoles before it is ruptured in the secretory cavity cells. The spatial and temporal immunolocalization of CgVPE1 showed a strong relationship with the change in vacuole structure during PCD in secretory cavity cells. In addition, the change in the two types of VPE proteins from proenzymes to mature enzymes was closely related to the change in CgVPE1 localization. Our results indicate that CgVPE1 plays a vital role in PCD, causing vacuole rupture in cells during the development of the secretory cavity in C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruits.
Influence of Dynamic Strain Sweep on the Degradation Behavior of FeMnSi–Ag Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Roman Ana-Maria , Cimpoeșu Ramona , Pricop Bogdan , Lohan Nicoleta-Monica , Cazacu Marius Mihai , Bujoreanu Leandru-Gheorghe , Panaghie Cătălin , Zegan Georgeta , Cimpoeșu Nicanor , Murariu Alice Mirela
Published: July 2023

Iron-based SMAs can be used in the medical field for both their shape memory effect (SME) and biodegradability after a specific period, solving complicated chirurgical problems that are partially now addressed with shape-memory polymers or biodegradable polymers. Iron-based materials with (28–32 wt %) Mn and (4–6 wt %) Si with the addition of 1 and 2 wt % Ag were obtained using levitation induction melting equipment. Addition of silver to the FeMnSi alloy was proposed in order to enhance its antiseptic property. Structural and chemical composition analyses of the newly obtained alloys were performed by X-ray diffraction (confirming the presence of ε phase), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated through immersion tests and electrolyte pH solution variation. Dynamic mechanical solicitations were performed with amplitude sweep performed on the FeMnSi–1Ag and FeMnSi–2Ag samples, including five deformation cycles at 40 °C, with a frequency of 1 Hz, 5 Hz and 20 Hz. These experiments were meant to simulate the usual behavior of some metallic implants subjected to repetitive mechanical loading. Atomic force microscopy was used to analyze the surface roughness before and after the dynamic mechanical analysis test followed by the characterization of the surface profile change by varying dynamic mechanical stress. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed in order to analyze the thermal behavior of the material in the range of −50–+200 °C. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) along with Neaspec nano-FTIR experiments were performed to identify and confirm the corrosion compounds (oxides, hydroxides or carbonates) formed on the surface.
Effect of Various Beverages on Adhesion of Repaired CAD/CAM Restorative Materials
Authors: Yiğit Elif , Güngör Erdoğan Hamiyet , Eyüboğlu Tan Fırat , Özcan Mutlu
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of commonly consumed beverages on the bond strength of three different computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin–ceramic hybrid materials repaired with resin-based composite (RBC) materials. (2) Materials and Methods: Rectangular prism specimens (N = 138) measuring 6 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm were obtained from GC Cerasmart (GC), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Vita Enamic (VE) blocks. These blocks were polished and then subjected to thermal cycling (10,000 cycles, 5 °C to 55 °C). After the surface treatment was applied, the average surface roughness value was measured. All the surfaces were repaired with RBC. Thermal cycling was performed for the second time. Each group was then distributed into three subgroups according to the beverage used: tea (t), cola (c), and distilled water (0) (n = 15). The specimens were stored in these solutions for 28 days and then subjected to the shear bond strength (SBS) test. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni adjustment. (3) Results: The surface roughness of the materials presented no significant difference after different surface treatments (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed among the materials (p > 0.05). Tea and cola presented similar SBS values (p > 0.05). Both were significantly lower than distilled water (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). (4) Conclusions: Consumption of beverages reduces the bond strength in surfaces repaired with RBC to CAD/CAM resin–ceramic hybrid materials. (5) Clinical Significance: Repairing damaged resin matrix dental restorations with RBC is advantageous in terms of time and cost by achieving adequate bond strengths. Frequently consumed beverages reduce the bond strength of repaired CAD/CAM resin–ceramic hybrid materials.
The Integration of Metabolomics, Electronic Tongue, and Chromatic Difference Reveals the Correlations between the Critical Compounds and Flavor Characteristics of Two Grades of High-Quality Dianhong Congou Black Tea
Authors: Zhang Shan , Shan Xujiang , Niu Linchi , Chen Le , Wang Jinjin , Zhou Qinghua , Yuan Haibo , Li Jia , Wu Tian
Published: July 2023

Tea’s biochemical compounds and flavor quality vary depending on its grade ranking. Dianhong Congou black tea (DCT) is a unique tea category produced using the large-leaf tea varieties from Yunnan, China. To date, the flavor characteristics and critical components of two grades of high-quality DCT, single-bud-grade DCT (BDCT), and special-grade DCT (SDCT) manufactured mainly with single buds and buds with one leaf, respectively, are far from clear. Herein, comparisons of two grades were performed by the integration of human sensory evaluation, an electronic tongue, chromatic differences, the quantification of major components, and metabolomics. The BDCT possessed a brisk, umami taste and a brighter infusion color, while the SDCT presented a comprehensive taste and redder liquor color. Quantification analysis showed that the levels of total polyphenols, catechins, and theaflavins (TFs) were significantly higher in the BDCT. Fifty-six different key compounds were screened by metabolomics, including catechins, flavone/flavonol glycosides, amino acids, phenolic acids, etc. Correlation analysis revealed that the sensory features of the BDCT and SDCT were attributed to their higher contents of catechins, TFs, theogallin, digalloylglucose, and accumulations of thearubigins (TRs), flavone/flavonol glycosides, and soluble sugars, respectively. This report is the first to focus on the comprehensive evaluation of the biochemical compositions and sensory characteristics of two grades of high-quality DCT, advancing the understanding of DCT from a multi-dimensional perspective.
Highly Efficient Solar-Light-Active Ag-Decorated g-C3N4 Composite Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors: Kumaravel Sakthivel , Chandrasatheesh Chandramoorthy , Palanisamy Govindasamy , Lee Jintae , Hasan Imran , Kumaravel Saranraj , Avula Balakrishna , Pongiya Uma Devi , Balu Krishnakumar
Published: July 2023

In this study, we utilized calcination and simple impregnation methods to successfully fabricate bare g-C3N4 (GCN) and x% Ag/g-C3N4 (x% AgGCN) composite photocatalysts with various weight percentages (x = 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). The synthesized bare and composite photocatalysts were analyzed to illustrate their phase formation, functional group, morphology, and optical properties utilizing XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis DRS, PL, FE-SEM, and the EDS. The photodegradation rate of MO under solar light irradiation was measured, and the 5% AgGCN composite photocatalyst showed higher photocatalytic activity (99%), which is very high compared to other bare and composite photocatalysts. The MO dye degradation rate constant with the 5% AgGCN photocatalyst exhibits 14.83 times better photocatalytic activity compared to the bare GCN catalyst. This photocatalyst showed good efficiency in the degradation of MO dye and demonstrated cycling stability even in the 5th successive photocatalytic reaction cycle. The higher photocatalytic activity of the 5% AgGCN composite catalyst for the degradation of MO dye is due to the interaction of Ag with GCN and the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag. The scavenger study results indicate that O2●− radicals play a major role in MO dye degradation. A possible charge-transfer mechanism is proposed to explain the solar-light-driven photocatalyst of GCN.
Atractylenolide III Ameliorates Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Regulating Glutamine Metabolism
Authors: Wang Yan , Shi Kun , Tu Jiyuan , Ke Chang , Chen Niping , Wang Bo , Liu Yanju , Zhou Zhongshi
Published: July 2023

Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of hepatic sclerosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. However, the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of liver fibrosis are unknown, and no specific drugs are available to treat liver fibrosis. Atractylenolide III (ATL III) is a natural compound isolated from the plant Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. that possesses antioxidant properties and the ability to inhibit inflammatory responses. In this study, cholestatic hepatic fibrosis was induced in mice using a bile duct ligation (BDL) model and treated with 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of ATL III via gavage for 14 days. ATL III significantly reduced the liver index, lowered serum ALT and AST levels, and reduced liver injury in bile-duct-ligated mice. In addition, ATL III significantly attenuated histopathological changes and reduced collagen deposition. ATL III reduced the expression of fibrosis-related genes α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen I (col1a1), Collagen IV (col4a2), and fibrosis-related proteins α-SMA and col1a1 in liver tissue. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen molecular targets and pathways, ATL III was found to affect the PI3K/AKT singling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, thereby ameliorating BDL-induced liver fibrosis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the effect of ATL III on liver metabolites in BDL mice. ATL III further affected glutamine metabolism by down-regulating the activity of glutamine (GLS1) and glutamine metabolism. ATL III further affected glutamine metabolism by down-regulating the activity of glutaminase (GLS1), as well as glutamine metabolism. Therefore, we conclude that ATL III attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and glutamine metabolism, suggesting that ATL III is a potential drug candidate for treating liver fibrosis.
Potential Natural Products Regulation of Molecular Signaling Pathway in Dermal Papilla Stem Cells
Authors: Soe Zar Chi , Ei Zin Zin , Visuttijai Kittichate , Chanvorachote Pithi
Published: July 2023

Stem cells have demonstrated significant potential for tissue engineering and repair, anti-aging, and rejuvenation. Hair follicle stem cells can be found in the dermal papilla at the base of the follicle and the bulge region, and they have garnered increased attention because of their potential to regenerate hair as well as their application for tissue repair. In recent years, these cells have been shown to affect hair restoration and prevent hair loss. These stem cells are endowed with mesenchymal characteristics and exhibit self-renewal and can differentiate into diverse cell types. As research in this field continues, it is probable that insights regarding stem cell maintenance, as well as their self-renewal and differentiation abilities, will benefit the application of these cells. In addition, an in-depth discussion is required regarding the molecular basis of cellular signaling and the influence of nature-derived compounds in stimulating the stemness properties of dermal papilla stem cells. This review summarizes (i) the potential of the mesenchymal cells component of the hair follicle as a target for drug action; (ii) the molecular mechanism of dermal papilla stem cells for maintenance of their stem cell function; and (iii) the positive effects of the natural product compounds in stimulating stemness in dermal papilla stem cells. Together, these insights may help facilitate the development of novel effective hair loss prevention and treatment.
Direct Biocatalytic Processes for CO2 Capture as a Green Tool to Produce Value-Added Chemicals
Authors: Villa Rocio , Nieto Susana , Donaire Antonio , Lozano Pedro
Published: July 2023

Direct biocatalytic processes for CO2 capture and transformation in value-added chemicals may be considered a useful tool for reducing the concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Among the other enzymes, carbonic anhydrase (CA) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) are two key biocatalysts suitable for this challenge, facilitating the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in complementary ways. Carbonic anhydrases accelerate CO2 uptake by promoting its solubility in water in the form of hydrogen carbonate as the first step in converting the gas into a species widely used in carbon capture storage and its utilization processes (CCSU), particularly in carbonation and mineralization methods. On the other hand, formate dehydrogenases represent the biocatalytic machinery evolved by certain organisms to convert CO2 into enriched, reduced, and easily transportable hydrogen species, such as formic acid, via enzymatic cascade systems that obtain energy from chemical species, electrochemical sources, or light. Formic acid is the basis for fixing C1-carbon species to other, more reduced molecules. In this review, the state-of-the-art of both methods of CO2 uptake is assessed, highlighting the biotechnological approaches that have been developed using both enzymes.
Combination of RCA and DNAzyme for Dual-Signal Isothermal Amplification of Exosome RNA
Authors: Xia Yuqing , Lei Xin , Ma Xiaochen , Wang Shizheng , Yang Zifu , Wu Yifan , Ren Xiaojun
Published: July 2023

The RNA contained in exosomes plays a crucial role in information transfer between cells in various life activities. The accurate detection of low-abundance exosome RNA (exRNA) is of great significance for cell function studies and the early diagnosis of diseases. However, their intrinsic properties, such as their short length and high sequence homology, represent great challenges for exRNA detection. In this paper, we developed a dual-signal isothermal amplification method based on rolling circle amplification (RCA) coupled with DNAzyme (RCA–DNAzyme). The sensitive detection of low-abundance exRNA, the specific recognition of their targets and the amplification of the detection signal were studied and explored. By designing padlock probes to specifically bind to the target exRNA, while relying on the ligation reaction to enhance recognition, the precise targeting of exosome RNA was realized. The combination of RCA and DNAzyme could achieve a twice-as-large isothermal amplification of the signal compared to RCA alone. This RCA–DNAzyme assay could sensitively detect a target exRNA at a concentration as low as 527 fM and could effectively distinguish the target from other miRNA sequences. In addition, this technology was successfully proven to be effective for the quantitative detection of miR-21 by spike recovery, providing a new research approach for the accurate detection of low-abundance exRNA and the exploration of unknown exRNA functions.
A Green Synthesis Route to Derive Carbon Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Cancer Cells
Authors: Anpalagan Karthiga , Karakkat Jimsheena Valiyakath , Jelinek Raz , Kadamannil Nila Nandha , Zhang Tian , Cole Ivan , Nurgali Kulmira , Yin Hong , Lai Daniel T. H.
Published: July 2023

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are known for their biocompatibility and versatile applications in the biomedical sector. These CQDs retain high solubility, robust chemical inertness, facile modification, and good resistance to photobleaching, which makes them ideal for cell bioimaging. Many fabrication processes produce CQDs, but most require expensive equipment, toxic chemicals, and a long processing time. This study developed a facile and rapid toasting method to prepare CQDs using various slices of bread as precursors without any additional chemicals. This fast and cost-effective toasting method could produce CQDs within 2 h, compared with the 10 h process in the commonly used hydrothermal method. The CQDs derived from the toasting method could be used to bioimage two types of colon cancer cells, namely, CT-26 and HT-29, derived from mice and humans, respectively. Significantly, these CQDs from the rapid toasting method produced equally bright images as CQDs derived from the hydrothermal method.
Estimated Energy Expenditures and Energy Intakes of International Female Rugby Sevens Players in Five Days of a Training Camp and Competition Preparation
Authors: Curtis Christopher , Arjomandkhah Nicola , Cooke Carlton , Ranchordas Mayur K. , Russell Mark
Published: July 2023

To understand the energy balance of international female rugby sevens (R7s) players in applied environments, this study estimated the energy intakes (EI) and total daily estimated energy expenditures (TDEE) during a five-day training camp (TRAIN) and phase of competition preparation (COMP) of equal duration. Tri-axial accelerometer devices were worn throughout both scenarios to estimate TDEE, whereas EI was estimated via self-reported food diaries. Energy deficits of −47% (TDEETRAIN: 14.6 ± 1.6 MJ·day−1, EITRAIN: 7.7 ± 0.9 MJ·day−1, p ≤ 0.001, d = 5.1) and −50% (TDEECOMP: 15.5 ± 1.6 MJ·day−1, EICOMP: 7.7 ± 1.0 MJ·day−1, p ≤ 0.001, d = 5.7) were observed throughout TRAIN (n = 11; age: 25 ± 4 years, height: 170 ± 6 cm, weight: 71 ± 7 kg) and COMP (n = 8; age: 25 ± 3 years, height: 172 ± 5 cm, weight: 72 ± 6 kg), respectively. Carbohydrate intakes were below the lower range of sports nutrition recommendations in both TRAIN (−62%; 2.3 ± 0.3 g·kg−1 BM, p ≤ 0.001) and COMP (−60%; 2.4 ± 0.5 g·kg−1 BM, p ≤ 0.001). For protein (TRAIN: 1.7 ± 0.4 g·kg−1 BM, COMP: 1.5 ± 0.1 g·kg−1 BM), intakes met the lower range of recommendations. Fat intake exceeded recommendations of the percentage of total EI (COMP: 39 ± 5%). Accordingly, the dietary strategies of international female R7s players may warrant optimization, as carbohydrate and fat intakes were less than optimal when compared to current performance-based sports nutrition guidelines.
An Insight into the Exploration of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Calorie Restricted Diet Fed Mice
Authors: Fan Xiuqin , Lu Yuanyuan , Zhao Yunfeng , Miao Hongjian , Qi Kemin , Wang Rui
Published: July 2023

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) threaten the success of modern drugs against multidrug resistant infections. ARGs can be transferred to opportunistic pathogens by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Many studies have investigated the characteristics of ARGs in various chemical stressors. Studies on the effects of dietary nutrition and dietary patterns on ARGs are rare. The study first demonstrated the effect of calorie restricted (CR) diet on the ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in mouse feces and explored their relationship with gut microbiota and their functions. The results showed that the abundance of the total ARGs in mouse feces of the CR group increased, especially tetracycline ARGs (tetW-01). The abundance of the MLSB ARGs (ermB) decreased evidently in mouse feces of the CR group. In addition, the total abundance of MGEs decreased evidently in the CR group, especially tnpA-03. In the meantime, the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in mouse feces of the CR group increased remarkably. The Spearman correlation analysis between gut microbiota and ARGs showed that several probiotics were significantly positively correlated with ARGs (tetW-01), which might be the main contribution to the increase in ARGs of the CR group.
Special Issue “Sustainable Nutrition—Healthy People”
Authors: Vassilopoulou Emilia
Published: July 2023

Food security is defined as the situation in which all people have access to their preferred food, [...]
Comparison of the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Lipid Disorders in Obese Mice
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhu Min , Gong Meng , Zheng Wen , Zeng Xin , Zheng Qing , Li Xiaoyu , Fu Fudong , Chen Yingyi , Cheng Jingqiu , Rao Zhiyong , Lu Yanrong , Chen Younan
Published: July 2023

Obesity is a recognized epidemic worldwide, and the accumulation of excess free saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in cells induces cellular lipotoxic damage and increases the risk of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to combat SFA-induced cellular damage. However, the comparative studies of the two types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are still limited. We investigated the effects of different MUFAs and PUFAs in the human hepatocyte line L-02 cells in vitro, and in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice in vivo. The results of the in vitro study showed that SFAs induced significant cellular lipotoxic damage, but the combination of MUFAs/PUFAs with SFAs significantly improved the impaired cell viability. Particularly, oleic acid (OA) was superior to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in terms of its anti-apoptotic effect and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In vivo, both olive-oil-enriched (HFD + OO) and fish-oil-enriched high-fat diets (HFD + FO) reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. However, FO induced an abnormal increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and an increase in the oxidative stress indicator Malondialdehyde (MDA). Liver-targeted lipidomic analysis showed that liver lipid metabolites under the two types of UFA dietary interventions differed from the HFD group, modulating the abundance of some lipid metabolites such as triglycerides (TGs) and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the FO diet significantly increased the abundance of the associated FA 20:5 long-chain lipid metabolites, whereas the OO diet regulated the unsaturation of all fatty acids in general and increased the abundance of FA 18:1 in the overall lipid metabolites, especially TGs, which may primarily contribute to the FO, and OO drove protection in NAFLD.
The Effectiveness of Early Enteral Nutrition on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moon Sun Jae , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Park Chi-Min , Suh Gee Young , Hwang Jinseub , Chung Chi Ryang
Published: July 2023

The optimal timing of enteral nutrition (EN) in sepsis patients is controversial among societal guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the evidence of early EN’s impact on critically ill sepsis patients’ clinical outcomes. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP databases on 10 March 2023. We included studies published after 2004 that compared early EN versus delayed EN in sepsis patients. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, cohort studies, and case–control studies. Forest plots were used to summarize risk ratios (RRs), including mortality and mean difference (MD) of continuous variables such as intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and ventilator-free days. We identified 11 eligible studies with sample sizes ranging from 31 to 2410. The RR of short-term mortality from three RCTs was insignificant, and the MD of ICU length of stay from two RCTs was −2.91 and −1.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], −5.53 to −0.29 and −1.68 to −0.32). Although the RR of intestinal-related complications from one RCT was 3.82 (95% CI, 1.43 to 10.19), indicating a significantly higher risk for the early EN group than the control group, intestinal-related complications of EN reported in five studies were inconclusive. This systematic review did not find significant benefits of early EN on mortality in sepsis patients. Evidence, however, is weak due to inconsistent definitions, heterogeneity, risk of bias, and poor methodology in the existing studies.
Exploring the Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Parkinson’s Disease: Insights from a Longitudinal Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Jwa-Kyung , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Min-Jeong , Kim Nan Young , Choi Hyo Geun , Kim Eun Soo
Published: July 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common illnesses found in the geriatric population. A potential link between CKD and PD emergence has been hypothesized; however, existing conclusions are disputed. In this longitudinal research, we analyzed data acquired from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The dataset comprised the health information of 16,559 individuals clinically diagnosed with CKD and 66,236 control subjects of comparable ages, all aged ≥40 years. These subjects participated in health examinations from 2002 to 2019. To assess the correlation between CKD and PD, we employed overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. The unadjusted, crude hazard ratio for PD was greater in the CKD group than in the control group (crude hazard ration (HR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.39; p = 0.011). However, the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, incorporating propensity score overlap weighting, revealed no significant discrepancy after considering confounding variables such as demographic factors, socio-economic status, lifestyle, and concurrent health conditions (adjusted HR (aHR), 1.09; 95% CI = 0.97–1.22; p = 0.147). Subgroup analyses showed a higher probability of PD development among certain CKD individuals, including those who resided in rural areas (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03–1.37; p = 0.022), maintained a normal weight (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08–1.56; p = 0.006), or had fasting blood glucose levels ≥100 mg/dL (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI = 1.00–1.39; p = 0.046). Therefore, these clinical or environmental factors may influence the incidence of PD in CKD patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that the general CKD population may not exhibit a greater propensity for PD than their non-CKD counterparts. However, this might be contingent upon specific lifestyle and comorbid conditions. Thus, certain lifestyle alterations could be crucial in mitigating the potential manifestation of PD in patients diagnosed with CKD.