bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On approximate k-nearest neighbor searches based on the earth mover’s distance for efficient content-based multimedia information retrieval
Authors: Jang Min-Hee , Kim Sang-Wook , Loh Woong-Kee , Won Jung-Im
Published: August 2019

The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) is one of the most-widely used distance functions to measure the similarity between two multimedia objects. While providing good search results, the EMD is too much time consuming to be used in large multimedia databases. To solve the problem, we propose an approximate k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) search method based on the EMD. In the proposed method, the overhead for both disk accesses and EMD computations is reduced significantly, thanks to the approximation. First, the proposed method builds an index using the M-tree, a distance-based multi-dimensional index structure, to reduce the disk access overhead. When building the index, we reduce the number of features in the multimedia objects through dimensionalityreduction. When performing the k-NN search on the M-tree, we find a small set of candidates from the disk using the index and then perform the post-processing on them. Second, the proposed method uses the approximate EMD for index retrieval and post-processing to reduce the computational overhead of the EMD. To compensate the errors due to the approximation, the method provides a way of accuracy improvement of the approximate EMD. We performed extensive experiments to show the efficiency of the proposed method. As a result, the method achieves significant improvement in performance with only small errors: the proposed method outperforms the previous method by up to 67.3% with only 3.5% error.
How do IRS Resources Affect the Corporate Audit Process?
Authors: Nessa Michelle , Schwab Casey M , Stomberg Bridget , Towery Erin M.
Published: August 2019

This study investigates how Internal Revenue Service resources affect the IRS audit process for publicly traded corporations. Using confidential IRS audit data, we examine the effect of IRS resources on the incidence and magnitude of proposed deficiencies and settlement outcomes. We find that IRS resources are positively associated with both the likelihood and magnitude of proposed deficiencies, but negatively associated with the proportion of proposed deficiencies collected. These results are consistent with the IRS focusing on fewer positions, but targeting positions supported by weaker taxpayer facts when resources are more limited. Based on our findings, we estimate the loss in tax collections from audits of LB&I corporate tax returns alone exceeds the savings from reductions in the IRS enforcement budget. This study contributes to the literature examining the strategic game between tax authorities and corporate taxpayers and has important implications for policymakers, particularly in light of recent IRS budget cuts.
Do Firms That Have a Common Signing Auditor Exhibit Higher Earnings Comparability?
Authors: Chen Jeff Zeyun , Chen Mei-Hui , Chin Chen-Lung , Lobo Gerald J.
Published: August 2019

We hypothesize that if individual auditors possess unique audit styles that they consistently apply to different audit engagements, then client firms with a common signing auditor will exhibit higher earnings comparability. Using a large sample of Chinese firms, we find that client firms report more comparable earnings when they are audited by the same individual auditor than when they are audited by (1) different audit firms, (2) the same audit firm, but different audit offices, and (3) the same audit office, but different individual auditors. The individual auditor style effect is stronger for larger audit firms, senior signing auditors, and signing auditors with more stable teamwork experience. We also document that having a common signing auditor is associated with lower analyst earnings forecast error and dispersion for client firms. This study contributes to the literature by showing that individual auditors have a significant impact on client firms' earnings comparability.
Auditor Reputation Concerns, Legal Liability, and Standards
Authors: Rothenberg Naomi R.
Published: August 2019

This paper studies how legal liability due to negligence can weaken or strengthen an auditor's reputation concerns in the client market to provide high audit effort. A negligence liability rule relies on auditing standards to provide a threshold for the level of due care. When the negligence standard is lax, legal liability can weaken the auditor's reputation incentives, with lower audit effort than without legal liability. If the damage payment is low, noncompliance is less costly, because with compliance, reputational concerns cause the auditor to provide higher costly audit effort than the standard. In this case, investors also prefer noncompliance, and earnings quality is lower than if there were no legal liability damages. When the standard is stringent, noncompliance is less costly for the auditor, and legal liability strengthens reputation incentives. Investors may also prefer noncompliance, and earnings quality is higher than if there were no legal liability damages.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; D82; M48.
Analysts, Taxes, and the Information Environment
Authors: Kim Sangwan , Schmidt Andrew P. , Wentland Kelly
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the extent to which analysts incorporate tax-based earnings information into their earnings forecasts relative to other earnings information. We find that analysts' misreaction to tax-based earnings information is distinct from their misreaction to other (nontax) accounting information, on average. We then show that analysts differ in their misestimation of tax and other (nontax) earnings components only when firms have weak information environments; when firms have strong information environments, analysts' forecasts fully incorporate tax-based earnings information and exhibit no difference incorporating tax-based earnings information relative to other accounting information. Our evidence suggests that, on average, forecasting tax-based earnings information is more difficult for analysts relative to forecasting other accounting information. However, access to appropriate information and resources enables analysts to better process tax information. Overall, we contribute to the literature by providing a more complete understanding of the source of analysts' tax-related forecast errors.

JEL Classifications: H25; M41; D82; G14.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources identified in the text.
Efficiency of Upper Arch Expansion with the Invisalign System
Authors: Zhou Ning , Guo Jing
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To investigate the efficiency and movement pattern of upper arch expansion using Invisalign aligners. The correlation between the amount of designed expansion and the efficiency of bodily expansion was evaluated, as were the initial molar torque and efficiency of bodily expansion.

Materials and Methods

Twenty Chinese adult patients who underwent arch expansion with Invisalign aligners were included in this study. Records of pretreatment (T0 stage) and immediately after completing the expansion phase (T1 stage) were collected, including digital models and cone-beam computed tomography. Dolphin 3D, Geomagic Studio 12.0, and Meazure software were employed to measure data and calculate differences between the expected and actual outcomes.

Results

There were significant differences between the expected and actual expansion amounts (P< .05). The average expansion efficiencies of the upper canine crown, first premolar crown, second premolar crown, and first molar crown were 79.75 ± 15.23%, 76.1 ± 18.32%, 73.27 ± 19.91%, and 68.31 ± 24.41%, respectively. The average efficiency of bodily expansion movement for the maxillary first molar was 36.35 ± 29.32%. Negative correlations were found between preset expansion amounts and the efficiency of bodily expansion movement (P < .05), and between initial maxillary first molar torque and efficiency of bodily expansion movement (P < .05).

Conclusions

Aligners could increase the arch width, but expansion was achieved by tipping movement. The evaluation of initial position and preset of sufficient root-buccal torque of posterior teeth were necessary due to the lower efficiency of bodily buccal expansion by the Invisalign system.
Lifestyle Counseling and Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Huabing , Goldberg Saveli I. , Hosomura Naoshi , Shubina Maria , Simonson Donald C. , Testa Marcia A. , Turchin Alexander
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the relationship between lifestyle counseling in primary care settings and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We retrospectively studied hyperglycemic adults with diabetes treated at primary care practices between 2000 and 2014. We analyzed the relationship between frequency of lifestyle counseling (identified using natural language processing of electronic notes) and a composite outcome of death and cardiovascular events during subsequent follow-up.

RESULTS

Among patients with monthly counseling or more, 10-year cumulative incidence of the primary outcome was 33.0% compared with 38.1% for less than monthly counseling (P = 0.0005). In multivariable analysis, higher frequency of lifestyle counseling was associated with lower incidence of the primary outcome (hazard ratio 0.88 [95% CI 0.82–0.94]; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

More frequent lifestyle counseling was associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular events and death among patients with diabetes.
PELATIHAN PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH BAGI GURU-GURU SD GUGUS VII KECAMATAN SUKASADA, KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Astawan I Gede
Published: August 2019

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru-guru SD di Gugus VII Kecamatan Sukasada dalam menulis karya ilmiah penyusunan proposal PTK dan artikel ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah workshop dan pendampingan. Kegiatan melibatkan 21 orang guru sebagai peserta dari gugus VII Kecamatan Sukasada. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan guru-guru SD di Gugus VII Kecamatan Sukasada dalam menulis karya ilmiah penyusunan proposal PTK dan artikel ilmiah mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari produk yang dihasilkan, yaitu 5 proposal PTK dan 5 artikel ilmiah
KONSEP KEADILAN EKOLOGI DAN KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA ANTARA IDEALISME DAN REALITAS
Authors: Purwendah Elly Kristiani
Published: August 2019

Keadilan lingkungan berdasarkan taksonomi keadilan dibagi dalam empat katagori (yaitu, keadilan lingkungan sebagai keadilan distributif, keadilan lingkungan sebagai keadilan korektif, keadilan lingkungan sebagai keadilan prosedural dan keadilan lingkungan sebagai keadilan sosial. Dalam pembahasan perumusan permasalah ini, keadilan lingkungan sebagai keadilan sosial. Penulis mengartikan keadilan lingkungan sosial digunakan berbarengan untuk memperkuat pemahaman mengenai keadilan lingkungan sebagai sebuah keadilan sosial.
A atuação do COMED na garantia do direito a educação infantil prescrita no Plano Municipal de Dourados-MS
Authors: Alves Andréia Vicência Vitor , Souza Alessandra Domingos de
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como intuito apreender a atuação do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Dourados (COMED) quanto a garantia do direito a Educação Infantil nesse município no entretempo 2010-2018, principalmente a partir da aprovação do PME. Isso por meio de pesquisa documental. Conclui-se que o COMED tem apresentado uma atuação importante na organização da Educação Infantil no município de Dourados. Vem desempenhando uma função técnica quanto a aferição da infraestrutura física, do quadro de pessoal, das condições de gestão, dos recursos pedagógicos, da situação de acessibilidade, entre outros aspectos indispensáveis para a qualificação da educação infantil, além da busca pela garantia da ampliação do número de vagas nessa Educação que é meta do PME e já vem sendo realizado pelo COMED, que em suas ações tem buscado fazer valer o direito a Educação. Procura atender aos anseios da sociedade douradense, sendo um importante mecanismo de democratização da educação.
Conselho municipal de educação
Authors: Nez Egeslaine de , Almeida Cecídia Barreto , Silva Mara Rubia Aparecida da
Published: August 2019

Esse  artigo objetiva compreender o processo de participação do conselho no monitoramento das ações municipais para o cumprimento do Plano Nacional de Educação. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, buscou-se por meio das observações in loco das reuniões verificar se os conselhos desenvolvem esse tipo de atividade nos municípios de Montes Claros, Nova Ponte e Barra do Garças. A abordagem para a análise dos dados foi a perspectiva crítica. Pode-se considerar que os conselhos deveriam servir como um reforço para a aplicação e um lastro para reflexões sobre as políticas públicas educacionais, principalmente no que tange ao monitoramento do Plano. Todavia, não foi essa realidade encontrada em todos os conselhos analisados.
O fórum municipal de educação como espaço de representação e participação na elaboração do plano municipal de educação de Goiânia/GO
Authors: Raimann Elizabeth Gottschalg , Ribeiro Lilian Jacqueline de Oliveira Souza
Published: August 2019

O Fórum Municipal de Educação de Goiânia/GO é um órgão, de caráter consultivo, criado por decreto municipal, tendo dentre as suas atribuições a elaboração do Plano Municipal de Educação. Objetivando analisar a atuação do fórum ao longo do processo de reelaboração do PME (2015-2025), considerando as metas que tratam da valorização do magistério, problematizou-se a representatividade das entidades que compõe esse órgão e o seu caráter participativo. A pesquisa, de cunho documental, considerou as atas digitalizadas, entre 2014 a 2015, disponibilizadas pelo FME. Os dados permitiram verificar que a constituição do Fórum, desde 1997 até aos dias atuais, passou de 27 para 17 entidades representativas da sociedade civil. No transcorrer das discussões dos grupos de trabalho não houve um envolvimento significativo por parte dos segmentos que representam a classe do magistério, ficando restrito a uma participação formal na reelaboração das metas 15 a 18.
Planejamento educacional: perspectivas da gestão democrática no poder local organizado
Authors: Lima Paulo Gomes
Published: August 2019

O planejamento educacional de um país é parte intrínseca não somente dos processos participativos, antes reflete as pautas, a composição de agenda e de como os objetivos centrais da sociedade  deverão ser priorizados para serem, de forma comum, respeitados e materializados por meio de políticas públicas para a educação e essas estruturadas por meio de projetos, programas e ações que contemplem o acordo social.  Muitas vezes pode parecer que a ênfase das políticas públicas para a educação deve partir de uma visão mais global à uma visão nacional, subnacional para ser aplicada na localidade; às vezes realmente é isso que ocorre dependendo do estado de comprometimento de uma Estado-Nação em relação à espaços supranacionais; entretanto, se se entende que a localidade, isto é, o município como administração político-administrativa própria, expressa as manifestações, as necessidades e demandas dos cidadãos, sua identidade e síntese de suas experiências históricas chegaremos a conclusão de que lá, é onde a vida social realmente acontece, devendo o poder local representa-la e fazer valer os seus anseios.
Limites e possibilidades do uso do livro didático de Matemática nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem
Authors: Macêdo Josué , Brandão Daniel , Nunes Daniel
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho discute a utilização do livro didático de Matemática nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar e discutir as maneiras corriqueiras das quais professores de Matemática adotam e utilizam o livro didático, ao longo do desenvolvimento de suas práticas pedagógicas. Utilizou-se uma metodologia bibliográfica, com base em artigos científicos, livros, teses de doutorado e dissertações de mestrado. Em meio a muitas discussões que giram em torno do uso do livro didático de Matemática, procurou-se, neste trabalho, investigar quais as maneiras, limites e possibilidades de sua utilização, tendo em vista que ele é considerado como recurso didático complementar para as práticas pedagógicas. Entretanto, o resultado obtido se resume apenas no uso único e exclusivo do livro didático, na maioria das escolas públicas estaduais brasileiras, tendo-o como principal recurso didático utilizado ao longo dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem da Matemática.
Palavras-chave: Livro didático. Educação Matemática. Ensino e aprendizagem.
Questões de Estatística e Probabilidade nas provas do ENEM: uma aproximação a erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem
Authors: Pontes Jailson , Núñez Isauro
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a identificação e caracterização dos erros e das dificuldades de aprendizagem dos conteúdos de Estatística e Probabilidade, relacionados aos distratores das questões da prova do ENEM de 2013 a 2016, os quais foram mais assinalados por estudantes egressos do Ensino Médio, selecionados na primeira chamada do SISU para a UFRN. Como referencial teórico, o estudo está baseado em Radatz (1979), Cury (1988, 1994), dentre outros. O trabalho é de natureza descritiva e explicativa, baseado na metodologia de análises de erros (GIL, 2008; NÚÑEZ e RAMALHO, 2012), como também na análise de desempenho, respaldada pela teoria clássica de análise de itens de Spearman (1913). Os dados das questões foram obtidos dos microdados fornecidos pelo INEP e processados pela Comperve/UFRN. Os resultados evidenciam Estatística e Probabilidade se tratar de um conteúdo com baixo desempenho. Os erros mais frequentes foram: utilizar a multiplicação entre as grandezas, ao invés das combinações, e confundir médias.
Palavras-chave: Estatística. Probabilidade. Erros. Dificuldades de aprendizagem. ENEM.
DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES
Authors: Karpenko Olena , Stoianova Tetiana
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of
view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in
the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the
mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference
books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during
a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental
lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the
name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms
the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best
conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal
name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions.
Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound
symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification:
usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives);
cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) —
part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of
the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative
identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of
associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names
in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental
lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Zhang Yabing
Published: August 2019

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by
foreigners, especially by the Chinese.
An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities
to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the
communication skills by means of the Russian language.
In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic
and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are
presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching
Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account
their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative
and activity-centred basis.
The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has
been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary
part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most
dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and
qualitative composition of which regular changes take place.
The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the
function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main
time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions.
Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions
have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and,
therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an
organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and
oral speech.
THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE LITERARY TEXT (A CASE STUDY OF THE TEXT FRAGMENT OF THE NOVEL “THE LIGHT BETWEEN OCEANS” BY M. L. STEDMAN)
Authors: Druzhyna Tetyana
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the approach to the psycholinguistic analysis of the
original text (the text fragment of the novel “The Light between Oceans” written
by M. L. Stedman) and the text of the translation (the Ukrainian translation
performed by N. Khaietska).
Psycholinguistics is aimed at studying the language as a phenomenon of the
mentality, at “disclosing” the work of the translators, their actual actions on the
psychological level. The three stages of translation are also of the psychological
nature (the understanding of the source text, the “comprehension” of the forms of
the source language and the choice of the forms of the target language).
Any perception occurs in the field of the psychological science, that’s why
there arises the need to highlight the psycholinguistic assumptions of the analysis
and the interpretation of a literary text.
The employment of the psycholinguistic analysis of a literary text is very useful and appropriate, since it can be used to investigate how professional translators transmit the emotional content of the text to other languages.
The method of psycholinguistic text analysis is focused on the study of the linguistic and stylistic characteristics of the texts. The following main categories are
taken into account: the scope of the text; the number of sentences; their average
size; the coefficient of vocabulary (lexical) diversity; the coefficient of verbiage /
aggressiveness; the coefficient of logical connectivity; the coefficient of embolism.
The psycholinguistic text analysis has revealed that the text of the translation corresponds to the original text. The difference between the main categories
is rather insignificant and can not affect the perception of the translated text by
the recipients.
The content-analysis has shown that the translated text contains all the categories of the original text and the number of the analyzed words is identical. This
proves the correspondence and adequacy of the translated text, its high ability to
reproduce fully the author’s intention.
Sentido didáctico de Leche del sueño, cuaderno de Leonora Carrington
Authors: García-Manso Ángelica
Published: August 2019

El presente estudio analiza los textos e ilustraciones de Leche del sueño, cuaderno de trabajo que Leonora Carrington elaboró en los años cincuenta del pasado siglo XX, pero ha sido publicado póstumamente en el año 2012. Los cuentos se consideran desde una perspectiva didáctica, como trabajos en proceso, en tres niveles de interactuación entre texto y dibujos: 1) relatos en los que prima la recompensa de la imaginación; 2) relatos que comentan ilustraciones al tiempo que las complementan; y 3) imágenes que se presentan como esbozos de relatos en potencia.
Arqueología de los ríos Pilcomayo, Bermejo y Paraguay
Authors: Lamenza Guillermo N. , Calandra Horacio A. , Salceda Susana A.
Published: August 2019

Los ríos Paraguay, Pilcomayo y Bermejo son los principales protagonistas del aporte hídrico y sedimentario de la cuenca del Plata y constituyen enclaves estratégicos para comprender el poblamiento y dinámica poblacional de las tierras bajas sudamericanas. Este artículo tiene por objetivo aportar al conocimiento del pasado histórico de estos importantes cursos de agua, desde el momento en que se registran las primeras evidencias de ocupación humana, basadas en el análisis de manifestaciones culturales y biológicas, y de otros rasgos particulares resultantes de la construcción del paisaje en este sector de la cuenca del Plata. Para dar cuenta de la variabilidad arqueológica regional se propone un ordenamiento que articula criterios ecológicos, culturales e históricos. Por ello distinguimos sectores que denominamos Pilcomayo y Bermejo andino pedemontano; Pilcomayo y Bermejo chaqueño y sector Río Paraguay al que hemos diferenciado en superior (nacientes), medio, inferior y confluencia. En estos últimos tramos intervienen los grandes abanicos del Pilcomayo y Bermejo y el área de la confluencia Paraná ? Paraguay, que están culturalmente relacionados. La fuente de información arqueológica utilizada proviene de las investigaciones realizadas por nuestro equipo en la región chaqueña y de la información disponible en la bibliografía, la cual, en un esfuerzo de síntesis, integramos desde la óptica chaqueña y a la luz de las últimas investigaciones regionales. A lo largo de estos tres grandes ríos se destaca la interacción de diversos grupos humanos que capitalizaron el recurso de manera particular. No sólo como elemento vital, sino también por su importancia como proveedor de alimentos, factor de movilidad y comunicación. A lo largo de la sectorización espacial y temporal propuesta daremos cuenta del aprovechamiento de geoformas naturales como los albardones, la producción intencional de elevaciones monticulares y otras obras utilizadas tanto para la protección de desbordes como para almacenar y ¨cosechar¨ agua. Asimismo, las distintas estrategias de movilidad, migración, expansión e intercambio se han articulado de manera compleja dentro del repertorio de resoluciones de estos pueblos a lo largo de su historia. Esto ha cristalizado en el registro arqueológico de organizaciones diferenciales ya sea a través de sociedades pescadoras con movilidad reducida y amplias redes de interacción; otras con énfasis en la caza, pesca y recolección con alta movilidad residencial, o sociedades agropastoriles con marcado grado de sedentarismo que incluyeron el cultivo, en mayor o menor escala, entre sus actividades económicas.
The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
Authors: Borovsky Y. V.
Published: August 2019

Since the late 1940s Western countries have regularly used sanctions, embargoes and other similar instruments to counter the development of the Soviet and, after 1991, the Russian energy industry. The author tries to answer two research questions: what provokes such a policy of the West: political rivalry or economic competition? Has the West changed its attitude to the Russian energy industry after the end of the Cold war? The first part of the study covers the years of the Cold war; the second part is devoted to the period following the collapse of the USSR. The article deals with generic approaches of Western countries to the Soviet and Russian energy industry, as well as their stances on major oil and gas pipelines, including the «Druzhba» (or the «Friendship») oil pipeline, the Soyuz gas pipeline, The «Urengoy – Pomary – Uzhhorod» (or the West-Siberian) gas pipeline, the Nord Stream 1,2 gas pipelines. The author came to the following conclusions. The main inspirer of sanctions and other restrictive measures of the West against the Soviet and Russian energy industry has always been the United States of America. The core motive of such behavior has been political rivalry, although in certain periods (for example, in the 1950s-1960s, 2010-ies) the United States may also be driven by economic competition or the desire to ensure the interests of its energy companies. Western European countries have often been in solidarity with the American actions against the Soviet or Russian energy complex. However, when their strategic interests are affected (for example, in case of construction of the Urengoy – Pomary – Uzhgorod and Nord stream 2 gas pipelines), they can resist the dictates of Washington. This is due both to pressure from Western European business interested in cooperation with the USSR or Russia in the energy field, and a strong desire of Western European countries to diversify oil and gas supplies from the Middle East and to solve some other energy problems, for instance, to mitigate transit risks associated with Ukraine. Overall, the end of the Cold war has not radically changed the policy of the West towards the Russian energy industry.
Understanding Effectiveness of International Sanctions
Authors: Biersteker Thomas
Published: August 2019

Thomas Biersteker took part in 2019 Gerda Henkel Forum: Values and Interests in Communication Between Russia and The West held in MGIMO-University in late April this year and on the margins of the Forum he was kind enough to give an interview to our editor Vadim Belenkov on effectiveness of targeted international sanctions. Professor Biersteker is a renowned expert on this issue, he co-edited a book «Targeted Sanctions» recently published by Cambridge University Press. The interview shows that targeted sanctions involve restrictive measures against a narrowly-defined range of individuals and firms. Professor Biersteker explained in detail the difference between sanctions with the purpose of coercion, constraining and signaling. He reaffirmed his claim that effectiveness of sanctions should be studied separately for each type of purposes. In the interview professor Biersteker updated some of the findings published in his book three years ago. In 2016 constraining and signaling sanctions were effective at the same level, 27 % of the time. Today data reveal that effective constraining fell by 4 % points and effective signaling rose by 2 % points. Effectiveness of coercion remains at 10 %. The average effectiveness of sanctions across three types is about 20 %. Taking into consideration the difficulty of conflicts and issues over which sanctions are applied – North Korea’s nuclear program, Iran’s potential development of nuclear weapon program, ethnic and religious conflicts in Africa, the Middle East – 20 % should not be considered a small figure. Biersteker also reaffirmed the «sanctions paradox» found in 1999 by Daniel Drezner that very often the countries against which sanctions would be most likely effective are those that are most interdependent whereas sanctions are usually applied in situations when they are less likely to be effective.
Comparison of fasting and postprandial levels of commonly used biochemical and hematological parameters
Authors: Turan Elif , Tunç Recep , Turan Yaşar
Published: August 2019

Aim: Physicians and
patients may have varying preferences for optimal blood analysis time. We aimed
to determine the tendency for the optimal blood analysis time of the physicians
and patients and also to determine the difference in some commonly used
biochemical and hematological parameters, between fasting and food intake. Methods: Questionnaire and cross-sectional designs were used. The doctors and patients
were conducted to a survey about the appropriate time for blood tests before
the study. 112 patients were included in study. Blood samples were collected
after 8-10 hours of fasting and 2 hours after 600-700 calories lunch. Blood
creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, sodium, glucose, calcium, albumin, total
cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, lactate
dehydrogenase, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prothrombin
time and TSH were studied and the values were compared.Results: In our
survey, 75% of patients (54 patients in the outpatient clinic and 98 patients
in the blood collection unit, a total of 152) and 77% of doctors were thinking
that fasting was the appropriate time for blood tests. There were significant
increase in glucose (p<0.01), triglyceride (p<0.01) and platelets (p=0.035)
and significant decrease in sodium (p=0.01) after the food intake. There was no
statistically significant difference in the other parameters.

Conclusion: The
majority of physicians and patients had the opinion that blood tests should be
given in fasting. Although there were significant differences in glucose, triglyceride, thrombocyte and sodium levels in our study, thrombocyte and sodium differences
may not exhibit any clinical importance. Notwithstanding, high postprandial
levels of glucose and triglyceride are valuable indicators for cardiovascular
disease and diabetes risk.
Coexistence of endolymphatic hydrops and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treated with repositioning maneuver: A case report
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Süha , SÖYLEMEZ Emre , GÜREL Tuğçe
Published: August 2019

Benign
paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a peripheral vestibular disease that
occurs by sudden head movements and is characterized by dizziness that lasts
for seconds. Endolymphatic hydrops is a vestibular pathology that causes
hearing loss, tinnitus, fullness in the ear and dizziness due to increased
endolymphatic pressure in the inner ear. Although BPPV and endolymphatic
hydrops are considered as two different entities, it has recently been reported
that there may be a relationship between these two diseases. However, the
pathophysiology of this relationship has not been clearly elucidated. In this
paper, we discussed the relationship between these two diseases accompanied by
a patient with a sudden onset of endolymphatic hydrops and BPPV which was
treated with repositioning maneuver.
Is there a relationship between the lengths of the ipsilateral clavicle and the ulna? An anthropometric and statistical study
Authors: SÖYLEMEZ Mehmet Salih , DEMİROĞLU Murat , AYDIN Davut , AKPINAR Fuat , KILIÇ Bülent , ÜNAL Ömer K. , ÖZKAN Korhan
Published: August 2019

Aim: Mathematical
relationships between bones in close proximity are useful for determining the
proper length of comminuted or severely displaced bones during surgical
reconstruction. This study examined the relationship between the lengths of the
clavicle and ulna to develop a length propotion formula that can facilitate
obtaining the proper length of the clavicle during surgery for displaced and
comminuted fractures. Methods:
The study enrolled 130 individuals (76 males, 54 females)who were healty for
their upper extremities and was seen in our orthopedics outpatient clinic
during April 2019 to June 2019. The right and left clavicles and ulnas of each
individual were measured. All measurements were peformed by two of the authors
in an blinded fashion. Results. Mean overall age was 32.2 years. There
were significant correlations between the clavicle and ipsilateral ulnar
lengths (p=0.001). However, there was a length difference between the right and
left clavicles. The left clavicle was 9.00 ± 2.16 mm longer than the right in
males and 7.13 ± 2.03 mm longer in females (p=0.001). There was no significant
length difference between the right and left ulnas in either sex (0.84 ± 1.033
mm in males and 0.52 ± 0.818 mm in females).

Conclusion.
There is a significant ratio between the clavicle and ulna lengths on both the
right and left sides in both sexes, but it isn’t the same for males and
females. We propose that these length proportion formula can be used for
determining the clavicle length for the surgical treatment of comminuted fractures
with plates and particularly with nails.
Penerapan Augmented Reality pada Sistem Operasi Android untuk Pengenalan Hewan Mamalia
Authors: Oktaviani Isa , Tursina Tursina , Sukamto Anggi Srimurdianti
Published: August 2019

Teknologi dimanfaatkan manusia dalam berbagai bidang untuk membantu menyelesaikan kegiatan yang dulunya dikerjakan secara manual. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi, aktivitas tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan mudah dan cepat. Teknologi yang saat ini berkembang adalah Augmented Reality (AR) karena tampilan visual yang menarik sehingga dapat menampilkan objek 3 dimensi beserta animasinya dan terlihat seperti ada pada dunia nyata. Oleh karena itu, AR dapat digunakan untuk pengenalan hewan mamalia. Saat ini untuk pengenalan hewan mamalia hanya dapat dipelajari dari buku, video, dan internet. Maka, pada penelitian ini dibangun aplikasi AR untuk pengenalan hewan mamalia yang disertai dengan suara sehingga informasi yang disampaikan lebih detail. Untuk membangun aplikasi berbasis android, digunakan Unity sedangkan pembuatan aplikasi AR digunakan Vuforia SDK. Marker terdapat pada sebuah buku untuk menampilkan visualisasi objek 3D. Aplikasi yang dibangun pada sistem operasi android dengan menerapkan teknologi Augmented Reality bertujuan untuk pengenalan hewan mamalia kepada anak usia 7 hingga 12 tahun yang dapat menambahkan visualisasi objek 3D ke dalam lingkungan nyata sehingga mereka dapat mengenal hewan mamalia tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian jarak ideal, semakin terlihat pixel pada marker maka semakin berpengaruh pada sistem untuk menampilkan objek 3D. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian validity, anak-anak dapat mengenali hewan mamalia dengan menggunakan aplikasi AR Pengenalan Hewan Mamalia dengan hasil 91% responden menjawab Sangat Baik. Oleh karena itu, Aplikasi AR Pengenalan Hewan Mamalia ini dapat dimanfaatkan pengguna sebagai media untuk mengenal hewan mamalia.
Microbial Cleavage of C‒F Bonds in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances via Dehalorespiration
Authors: Yu Yaochun , Zhang Kunyang , Li Zhong , Ren Changxu , Liu Jinyong , Men Yujie
Published: August 2019

Regarding the emerging concerns of the widely occurred and environmentally persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), one intriguing and unsolved scientific question for environmental microbiologists, chemists, and engineers is that whether microbial reductive defluorination of perfluorinated compounds exist in nature. Due to the strong dissociation energy of carbon‒fluorine (C‒F) bonds in PFASs, no convincing evidence for biological cleavage of C‒F bonds from > C2 perfluorinated structures has ever been reported. We for the first time show C‒F bond cleavage via reductive defluorination by an organohalide-respiring microbial community for two PFASs, perfluoro(4-methylpent-2-enoic acid) and 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentenoic acid. Comprehensive biotransformation pathways are further elucidated. This study brings valuable fundamental knowledge of microbial dehalorespiration, which opens avenues for the future exploration of PFAS environmental fate and bioremediation strategies.
Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Energy Transfer from an Aggregation-Induced Emitter Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Lyu Guanpeng , Kendall James , Preis Eduard , Baysec Sebnem , Scherf Ullrich , Clement Sebastien , Evans Rachel
Published: August 2019

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are solar-harvesting devices fabricated from transparent waveguide that is doped or coated with lumophores. Despite their potential for architectural integration, the optical efficiency of LSCs is often limited by incomplete harvesting of solar radiation and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of lumophores in the solid state. Here, we demonstrate a multi-lumophore LSC design which circumvents these challenges through a combination of non-radiative Förster energy transfer (FRET) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The LSC incorporates a green-emitting poly(tetraphenylethylene), p-O-TPE, as an energy donor and a red-emitting perylene bisimide molecular dye (PDI-Sil) as the energy acceptor, within an organic-inorganic hybrid di-ureasil waveguide. Steady-state photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the di-ureasil host induced AIE from the p-O-PTE donor polymer, leading to a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ~45% and a large Stokes shift of ~150 nm. Covalent grafting of the PDI-Sil acceptor to the siliceous domains of the di-ureasil waveguide also inhibits non-radiative losses by preventing molecular aggregation. Due to the excellent spectral overlap, FRET was shown to occur from p-O-TPE to PDI-Sil, which increased with acceptor concentration. As a result, the final LSC (4.5 cm x 4.5 cm x 0.3 cm) with an optimised donor- acceptor ratio (1:1 by wt%) exhibited an internal photon efficiency of 20%, demonstrating a viable design for LSCs utilising an AIE-based FRET approach to improve the solar-harvesting performance.
Subunit interactions and arrangements in the fission yeast Mis16–Mis18–Mis19 complex
Authors: Korntner-Vetter Melanie , Lefèvre Stéphane , Hu Xiao-Wen , George Roger , Singleton Martin R
Published: August 2019

Centromeric chromatin in fission yeast is distinguished by the presence of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant Cnp1CENP-A. Cell cycle–specific deposition of Cnp1 requires the Mis16–Mis18–Mis19 complex, which is thought to direct recruitment of Scm3-chaperoned Cnp1/histone H4 dimers to DNA. Here, we present the structure of the essential Mis18 partner protein Mis19 and describe its interaction with Mis16, revealing a bipartite-binding site. We provide data on the stoichiometry and overall architecture of the complex and provide detailed insights into the Mis18–Mis19 interface.
Pergaminhos Ivriim
Authors: Araújo Carlos Alberto Ribeiro de
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta algumas observações acerca da crítica textual realizada no livro do Gênesis, transcrito em parte da coleção de IX rolos de pergaminhos pertencentes ao acervo do Museu Nacional-UFRJ, conhecidos como Pergaminhos Ivriim. Seu texto encontra-se como fragmentos de livros e livros completos da Torá, compilado em Hebraico consonântico quadrático, comprados por D. Pedro II, segundo Imperador brasileiro, em sua segunda viagem à Europa e Oriente Médio, em 1876 e 1877.
Sob os signos do poder
Authors: Teixeira Amanda Gatinho
Published: August 2019

As joias sempre estiveram presentes desde os tempos mais remotos nas civilizações. E durante o Período Colonial Brasileiro foram confeccionadas as emblemáticas “jóias de crioulas afro-brasileiras” que representam mais que simples objetos de joalheria, pois se tornaram documentos que testemunham dinâmicas de poder, negociação e subversão ao quebrarem a ordem do poder vigente. Significando também a manutenção da cultura, preservação da autoestima das usuárias; conquista de liberdade; além de ser uma possibilidade de retomada de suas raízes étnicas. Essas joias são representativas para a nossa identidade cultural, por constituir um testemunho de nossa história, que com o passar do tempo e com uma pretensa massificação, receberam o conceito de símbolo do “Brasil Negro”. Entretanto, as simbologias peculiares de cada uma dessas joias, se perderam, chegando ao universo contemporâneo como “crendices populares” aniquilando suas amplas funções místico-religiosas, entre outras.
Por uma antropologia do negro
Authors: Lima Maurício Lopes
Published: August 2019

Este estudo traz à evidência o trabalho de dois autores pouco estudados tanto na historiografia quanto nas ciências sociais brasileiras; o antropólogo Arthur Ramos e historiador e folclorista sul-rio-grandense Dante de Laytano. Buscamos mostrar como o sucesso alcançado por Ramos com os estudos raciais, através da antropologia culturalista nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, serviu de referência para alguns estudos desenvolvidos por Laytano sobre o negro no Rio Grande do Sul. Seus estudos apresentavam um caráter coletor e pouco analítico, típico das pesquisas folclóricas. Entendemos que Dante de Laytano buscou aproximação com metiér da antropológica de Arthur Ramos. Seus estudos procuraram identificar minúcias antropológicas da população negra sul-rio-grandense, inclusive saindo a campo etnografar dados, conforme recomendava a metodologia africanista dos estudos culturalistas sobre o negro no Brasil e nas Américas.
Primeira República: Espaço para a mulher no ensino técnico em Portugal
Authors: Marques Alves Alberto
Published: August 2019

A mulher teve na Iª República portuguesa (1910-1926) um protagonismo social que obrigou os diferentes governos a incluir na esfera educativa um espaço especial para a sua formação. No ensino técnico houve a preocupação de criar cursos específicos para setores que vão desde as rendas à telegrafia, desde o comércio ao desenho, da olaria à pintura decorativa. A expectativa em formar profissionais para profissões novas, mas também renovar o seu espaço socioprofissional e contrariar a permanência no espaço doméstico, levou à criação de cursos, no ensino oficial e particular, destinados especificamente à mulher e que se revelaram ou um fracasso – por exemplo o de economia doméstica – ou um sucesso – caso das oficinas das escolas de desenho industrial. Há cursos especiais que são criados nas escolas industriais – por exemplo o de Lavores Femininos que têm logo grande adesão. No segmento temporal de 1914/1919, apesar de coincidir com a 1ª Guerra Mundial, verifica-se uma tendência que é também visível no período em estudo: a adesão feminina foi sempre maior nos trabalhos oficinais do que nas disciplinas que constituíam os cursos estruturados em formação mais geral e técnica. Das intenções expressas pelos políticos republicanos às realidades evidenciadas pela história da educação portuguesa daremos conta numa breve incursão pelas medidas implementadas e pela adesão feminina evidenciada.
O papel da mulher intelectual na libertação da subalternidade de gênero no mundo pós-colonial.
Authors: Das Neves Cleiton Ricardo , Almeida Amélia Cardoso
Published: August 2019

O colonialismo promove a despersonalização do ser colonizado, e nesse processo, o ser colonizado é também silenciado, ou seja, não lhe é permitido que se autorrepresente, sendo que sua representação é feita sempre pelo Outro colonizador. Há um elemento ainda mais grave nesse processo de silenciamento do subalterno, que é a questão de gênero dentro da própria empresa colonial, pois a mudez da mulher colonizada é ainda mais preocupante, já que esta é duplamente silenciada, subordinada tanto pelo patriarcado quanto pelo colonialismo. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar as questões relacionadas ao gênero feminino que envolvem as sociedades pós-coloniais e principalmente o papel desempenhado pela mulher intelectual oriunda do mundo colonizado ao problematizar a mudez da mulher subalterna. Para tanto, utilizaremos como base a teoria pós-colonial, especificamente o artigo ”Pode o subalterno falar?“ da intelectual indiana Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak