bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Maximize Efficiency by Secondary Side Control Using DC-DC Converter in Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonant Coupling
Authors: Kato Masaki , Imura Takehiro , Hori Yoichi
Published: May 2018

Wireless power transfer via magnetic couple resonance has been widely studied as an attractive research target. In order to improve the transmitting efficiency, not only increasing performance of antenna is important but also controlling secondary (receiver) side input impedance value. As a method of controlling secondary input impedance, the method of using a DC-DC converter is proposed in previous research. Mutual inductance what related to transmitting distance and load resistance value is needed to know for control the DC-DC converter. Moreover, the transmitting distance and load resistance has changed in actual WPT situation. Therefore, control method for DC-DC convertor what keep best efficiency in actual WPT situation is needed. In this paper, the novel method of controlling a DC-DC converter for maximize efficiency which used for wireless power transfer via magnetic couple resonance is proposed. A mutual inductance can be known the voltage sensor in secondary side by setting power supply voltage constant. Furthermore, efficiency could be maximized regardless of the state of load by controlling a DC-DC converter so that the secondary side voltage constant value. This principle was explained by equation. Thereby, even when transmission distance and a load resistance value change, wireless power transfer system keep best efficiency automatically without communication between primary to secondary side.
Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies Progress and Development Prospect in China
Authors: Du Jiuyu , Ouyang Minggao
Published: May 2018

Developing electric vehicles (EVs) has been chosen as national strategy as solution to energy security and urban air pollution by China. China has invested much to develop electric vehicle technologies. In past 15 years, the EVs technologies have improved greatly, and in public serving field, the electric vehicle were used in large-scale. The traction battery and electric motor technologies were improved distinguished. By the EVs demonstration programs, the mainstream technology roadmap in line with China’s national conditions is becoming gradually clear. In this paper, the progress of China EVs technologies breakthrough and industrialization, pushing policies (government and local government) were summarized. The progress on EVs demonstration program was reviewed and the effectiveness was evaluated. The technology roadmap of traction battery, fuel cell, and electric motor for EVs in past years was concluded. The different technological roadmaps were evaluated by effects in demonstration program. Based on the review of the progress of China EVs R&D and demonstration program, the existing problems and future challenges in EV development were put forth. And the future electric transportation in China was proposed, including electric powertrain technologies roadmap, electric car model strategy, EV industrialization strategy.
Interdependencies of Home Energy Storage between Electric Vehicle and Stationary Battery
Authors: Kaschub Thomas , Jochem Patrick , Fichtner Wolf
Published: May 2018

Decentralized power generation in private homes, especially by photovoltaic systems, is already common in Germany. The developments of batteries, both for electric vehicles (EV) and for stationary storage might lead to a mass market for those batteries. In this paper we evaluate the economy of stationary battery storage with photovoltaic system at home in the context of available EV and its integration level into the home. Therefore, we use an optimization model with one year detailed operation planning and maximize the net present value of the storage investment. We integrate restriction functions for the technical parameters of the storage systems and limit EV availability and usage on the basis of German mobility studies for single vehicles. The results show, that an investment in a stationary battery system in combination with a photovoltaic system is profitable in Germany under the assumptions considered. The observed high numbers of battery cycles lead to strong requirements for battery lifetime, i. e. cycle stability and long calendar life time. Therewith, Li-ion batteries are a promising technology. In combination with an EV, the net present value of the stationary battery system is smaller when the EV is integrated into the home by controlled charging or the vehicle to home (V2H) concept, which allows discharging into the home system. The size of the EV battery, the availability at daytime and the load curve of the home are the main influencing factors for the profitability of the battery system.
Sizing tool for rapid optimisation of pack configuration at early-stage automotive product development
Authors: Taylor James , Ball Robert , McGordon Andrew , Uddin Kotub , Marco James
Published: May 2018

The specifications that define an automotive development project are established at an early point in the process and define the direction of such a development, and changing these decisions becomes more costly the further the project progresses. Tools to enable better consideration of choice can help prevent this. The tool presented is designed to aid with the decisions needed when embarking on the development of a vehicle that incorporates electric-vehicle technologies and the important choices made regarding the battery pack required by such a vehicle. The tool incorporates a sizing model for determining the number of cells and the configuration required to meet a specified battery requirement. The tool then uses a 1-d model to determine some of the basic thermal and power characteristics that can then be used to inform other parts of the design specification. When attached to a database containing cell information, the tool can pre-select candidate cells to meet the requirement, and rapid execution time of the tool means that it can be used to quickly compare between cell choices, at a level understandable by all stakeholders in the decision making process.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Advanced Electric Bus Transportation System
Authors: Eda Kenichiro , Kanaga Ryutaro , Yang Weihsiang , Hirota Toshio , Kamiya Yushi , Daisho Yasuhiro
Published: May 2018

Electric buses have superior environmental performance because they emit no CO2 and other exhaust gases while driving. However, in terms of more popularization of electric buses, it is essential to improve battery performance and realize user-friendliness of charging. To resolve these issues, a concept “short range running and frequent charging” was formulated. Under this approach, the authors have studied methods of greatly reducing the amount of large, heavy, and expensive battery. Research on non-contact inductive power supply (IPS) system has also been conducted as a way of improving charging convenience. A longterm operation test of electric buses was performed in Nagano prefecture as part of a project organized by the Japan Ministry of the Environment from 2011 to 2014. For this project the short-range frequentcharging type electric buses, “Waseda Electric Buses (WEBs)” were developed and tested on public roads to make clear the environmental performance and energy costs. WEB-3, one of the test vehicles, was driven for 41,724 km without any major problems and had advantages to reduce 28 - 42 % of CO2 emissions and 57 – 64 % of energy costs, compared to conventional diesel buses. And it was estimated on Matlab simulation model that total energy consumption could be reduced by 11 % with vehicle weight reduction, modifications of drivetrain and other components.
Feasibility of Electric Buses in Public Transport
Authors: Vilppo Olli , Markkula Joni
Published: May 2018

This study examines the economic feasibility of electric buses in a mid-sized city, where public transport is currently organized with buses only. The difference in lifetime cost of electric buses and diesel buses was calculated with the chosen parameters that were selected after careful background analysis. A viable business case can be created when the battery and the charging infrastructure are selected shrewdly. The electricity is much cheaper fuel than diesel but with the current battery technologies and battery prices the significant cost from operating an e-bus comes from the wear of the battery. Two types of Li-ion batteries were compared, LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) and LTO (Lithium Titanate). Also different conductive opportunity charging strategies were examined: 1. Charging at the depot. 2. Charging at the end stop(s). 3. Charging at the line stops. The round trip line length assessed was 20 km. Calculations show that the LTO buses and a fast charger at the end stop complemented with low power overnight chargers at the depot is the best investment combination based on the given assumptions. The 200 kW charging power is sufficient to ensure the charging in the normal end stop breaks. Due to a longer cycle life the wear cost per km was lower for LTO than for LFP. LTO is also better adapted for fast charging. The battery size has to be sufficient compared to the required driving range during peak consumption, to the charging current and to the performance requirements of the e-bus. Oversizing the battery has some positive effects (improved cycle life, less heating and better flexibility) but the negative effects were estimated to be more significant (higher investment cost, increased weight and space requirement).
Electric Vehicle Use and Energy Consumption Based on Realworld Electric Vehicle Fleet Trip and Charge Data and Its Impact on Existing EV Research Models
Authors: C. De , M. Maarten , S. Heyvaert , T. Coosemans , J. Van
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the results of an analysis of real-world trip and charge data from an electric vehicle (EV) fleet, deployed in the Flanders’ Living Labs. The Flanders’ Living Labs are life test environments for electric mobility in which companies and organizations can test innovative technologies, products, services and concept and consists of 5 EV platforms, each differing in technology, scope, size and usage [1]. These platforms have produced a large amount of data on numerous topics in the field of electric mobility. This paper focuses on available trip and charge data to analyze user behavior and EV energy consumption. It presents descriptive statistics of trips and charges, as well as EV energy consumption. By obtaining these results from real-world data on electrical vehicles, the authors are able to update statistical figures of fleet use and energy consumption, specifically for electric vehicles. Using specific electric vehicle figures has consequences on the results of (calculation) models of other research branches in electric mobility like total cost of ownership (TCO), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), etc. The potential effect of these real-world data on these models is investigated and recommendations regarding the use of these data are formulated.
Energy Efficiency Evaluation of a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle under European Procedure, Worldwide Harmonized Procedure and Actual Use
Authors: Badin F. , Berr F. , Castel G. , Dabadie JC. , Briki H. , Degeilh P. , Pasquier M.
Published: May 2018

This paper describes a two-fold approach carried out in collaboration between IFPEN and the French ADEME with the aim to evaluate a Plug-in Hybrid vehicle according to its conditions of use. The vehicle considered, an Opel Ampera, has been widely tested on a chassis dyno and simulated using IFPEN LMS.IMAGINE.Lab AMESim® platform. The software principles and its validation on different specific cases, thanks to experimental results, are described. The PHEV simulation tool is used to evaluate the influence of two European standard procedures and the influence of their parameters on the weighed CO2 emission.
Guiding infrastructure deployment: the involvement of international standardization
Authors: Bossche Peter , Blockx Pascal , Omar Noshin , Van Mierlo Joeri
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the current evolution in the field of charging infrastructure, highlighting the role of international standardization to achieve safety, compatibility and performance. It reports from the frontline of the standardization scene, benefiting of direct feedback from the work of relevant technical committees, as to focus on current evolutions on the global level, to highlight the latest developments and to identify the gaps where further work is needed.
Norwegian electric car user experiences 2014
Authors: Haugneland Petter , Hauge Espen
Published: May 2018

The Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association has for the three last years conducted an EV user survey among their members and other EV users and owners in Norway. The survey shows that nearly 100 % of the Norwegian EV owners are satisfied with their electric car. And for every satisfied EV owner, there will be three more. The main conclusion from the Norwegian experience to start a sustainable market for EVs, is that the purchase price for an EV must be competitive with a similar car model. In Norway, this is achieved with a combination of high taxes on cars with high emissions and zero tax for zero emissions cars. Because of the policy, Norway has the highest number of electric cars per capita in the world. By January 2015, Norway reached 40,000 electric cars in a country of 5 million inhabitants. In Norway, about 12 % of all new cars sold in 2014 were electric. Over 1.5 % of 2.5 million cars in Norway are now electric. Norway is a frontrunner in the EV market.
Investigating factors affecting electric vehicles adoption: an aggregated panel data analysis over U.S. states
Authors: Soltani-Sobh Ali , Heaslip Kevin , Bosworth Ryan , Barnes Ryan , Yook Donghyung
Published: May 2018

Increasing the usage of electric vehicles has been proposed as a policy to decrease aggregate fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in an effort to mitigate the causes of climate change. In order to increase the attraction of electric vehicles for consumers, governments have employed a number of incentives. In this study, the relationship between shares of electric vehicle and the presence of government incentives as well as other influential socio-economic factors were examined. The methodology of this study is based on a cross-sectional/time-series (panel) analysis. The developed model is an aggregated binomial logit share model that estimates the modal split between EV and conventional vehicles for different U.S. states from 2003 to 2011. The model was estimated using different panel data methods and the results were compared. The results demonstrated that electricity prices were negatively associated with EV use while, urban roads and government incentives were positively correlated with states’ electric vehicle market share. Sensitivity analysis suggested that of these factors, electricity price affects electric vehicle adoption rate the most. According to the sensitivity analysis of electric vehicle adoption rate, state of Vermont has the most sensitivity with respect to electricity price and New Jersey is the most sensitive state with respect to urban roads and incentives. Moreover, the time trend model analysis found that the electric vehicle adoption has been increasing over time, which is consistent with diffusion of new technology theory.
Global Opportunities for Small/Medium Enterprises in emobility (GO4SEM)
Authors: Bierau Frauke , Alonso Arrate , Reeves Chris , Deix Stefan , Müller Beate , Coosemans Thierry , Meyer Gereon , Van Mierlo Joeri
Published: May 2018

Europe has successfully extended its competencies in key enabling technologies for electric mobility in recent years, especially in the field of information and communication technologies, components and systems (ICT). Small and medium size companies (SMEs) have played a crucial role as sources of creativity at all stages of the supply chain. Given the new supply chains for e-mobility being established worldwide, many potential target markets are located outside of Europe, e.g. in highly innovative regions such as the United States, Japan and South Korea or in emerging markets like China and India. In light of this situation, “Global Opportunities for Small and Medium Size Companies in Electric Mobility” (GO4SEM), coordinated by the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA), is aimed at giving policy advice to sustain and enhance the successful access of European SME’s in supply chains in the abovementioned global markets. For this purpose the GO4SEM consortium (consisting of SMEs and regional clusters, Tier-1 automotive suppliers, and research institutions from all around Europe) intends to spread awareness of international market developments and technological trends in the electric mobility context, triggering an engagement of European SMEs in global FEV value chains by indicating potential and to show opportunities for bringing in expert knowledge. Furthermore, recommendations on standardization, education, and research matters are formulated. In a broader sense, the project will support to strengthen the global competitiveness of the European industry being active in the domain of electric mobility by linking the relevant stakeholders, preparing them for and increasing the awareness of the opportunities and challenges of worldwide developments. This contribution will present the output of the first term of the project. Firstly, in terms of mapping the global e-mobility supply chains and identifying possible entry points considering the above-mentioned target markets.
Emotive – Promoting the Electric Vehicle Experience
Authors: Argue Charlotte , Hou Eve
Published: May 2018

A significant obstacle for electric vehicle uptake is that consumers lack awareness of EVs and don't yet see them as a viable option. In an effort to raise public awareness of this emerging technology in British Columbia, several partners launched a public outreach campaign called "Emotive - the Electric Vehicle Experience". This campaign plays on the tactile and emotional appeal of EVs and portrays them as fun and exciting. This paper will take you through the development and execution of the campaign strategy, success and challenges to-date, and how outreach efforts are being amplified through community partners and ambassadors across the province.
Vocationalizing Event Management Degrees
Authors: Sealy Wendy
Published: May 2018

This article evaluates an approach to teaching and assessment that deviates from the norm in higher education. It assesses graduating students' experiences with the BA (Hons) Event Management degree at a post-1992 university in the UK. Instead of writing a thesis, students stage a complex
but sophisticated live event as partial fulfilment for their honors degree. The methodology was underpinned by an interpretivist philosophy with three graduating cohorts of 2012/13/14 participating in the research. The findings highlighted positive outcomes related to skills development and
wider operational issues that affected student learning. The majority of students were satisfied with the overall degree outcomes but anxiety and fear about the assessment objectives, client idiosyncrasies, and demands; and, the fact that event management is hard work was perceived negatively
by some students and as flaws with the university and client organizations. The findings precipitated changes to how students are supported on live event projects and to the collaborative relationships between clients and the university.
Low Metallicities and Old Ages for Three Ultra-diffuse Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
Authors: Gu Meng , Conroy Charlie , Law David , Dokkum Pieter van , Yan Renbin , Wake David , Bundy Kevin , Merritt Allison , Abraham Roberto , Zhang Jielai , Bershady Matthew , Bizyaev Dmitry , Brinkmann Jonathan , Drory Niv , Grabowski Kathleen , Masters Karen , Pan Kaike , Parejko John , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Zhang Kai
Published: May 2018

A large population of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) was recently discovered in the Coma cluster. Here we present optical spectra of three such UDGs, DF 7, DF 44, and DF 17, which have central surface brightnesses of μ

g
 ≈ 24.4–25.1 mag arcsec−2. The spectra were acquired as part of an ancillary program within the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey. We stacked 19 fibers in the central regions from larger integral field units (IFUs) per source. With over 13.5 hr of on-source integration, we achieved a mean signal-to-noise ratio in the optical of 9.5 Å−1, 7.9 Å−1, and 5.0 Å−1, respectively, for DF 7, DF 44, and DF 17. Stellar population models applied to these spectra enable measurements of recession velocities, ages, and metallicities. The recession velocities of DF 7, DF 44, and DF 17 are

km s−1,

km s−1, and

km s−1, spectroscopically confirming that all of them reside in the Coma cluster. The stellar populations of these three galaxies are old and metal-poor, with ages of

Gyr,

Gyr, and

Gyr, and iron abundances of [Fe/H]

,

, and

, respectively. Their stellar masses are (3–6) × 108
M
⊙. The UDGs in our sample are as old or older than galaxies at similar stellar mass or velocity dispersion (only DF 44 has an independently measured dispersion). They all follow the well-established stellar mass–stellar metallicity relation, while DF 44 lies below the velocity dispersion-metallicity relation. These results, combined with the fact that UDGs are unusually large for their stellar masses, suggest that stellar mass plays a more important role in setting stellar population properties for these galaxies than either size or surface brightness.
Evolution of Optical Binary Fraction in Sparse Stellar Systems
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Mao Caiyan
Published: May 2018

This work studies the evolution of the fraction of optical binary stars (OBF; not including components such as neutron stars and black holes), which is caused by stellar evolution, and the contributions of various binaries to OBF via the stellar population synthesis technique. It is shown that OBF decreases from 1 to about 0.81 for stellar populations with the Salpeter initial mass function (IMF), and to about 0.85 for the case of the Kroupa IMF, on a timescale of 15 Gyr. This result depends on metallicity, slightly. The contributions of binaries varying with mass ratio, orbital period, separation, spectral types of primary and secondary, contact degree, and pair type to OBF are calculated for stellar populations with different ages and metallicities. The contribution of different kinds of binaries to OBF depends on age and metallicity. The results can be used for estimating the global OBF of star clusters or galaxies from the fraction of a kind of binary. It is also helpful for estimating the primordial and future binary fractions of sparse stellar systems from the present observations. Our results are suitable for studying field stars, open clusters, and the outer part of globular clusters, because the OBF of such objects is affected by dynamical processes, relatively slightly, but they can also be used for giving some limits for other populations.
Did ASAS-SN Kill the Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate PG1302-102?
Authors: Liu Tingting , Gezari Suvi , Miller M. Coleman
Published: May 2018

Graham et al. reported a periodically varying quasar and supermassive black hole binary candidate, PG1302-102 (hereafter PG1302), which was discovered in the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS). Its combined Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) and CRTS optical light curve is well fitted to a sinusoid of an observed period of ≈1884 days and well modeled by the relativistic Doppler boosting of the secondary mini-disk. However, the LINEAR+CRTS light curve from MJD ≈52,700 to MJD ≈56,400 covers only ∼2 cycles of periodic variation, which is a short baseline that can be highly susceptible to normal, stochastic quasar variability. In this Letter, we present a reanalysis of PG1302 using the latest light curve from the All-sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), which extends the observational baseline to the present day (MJD ≈58,200), and adopting a maximum likelihood method that searches for a periodic component in addition to stochastic quasar variability. When the ASAS-SN data are combined with the previous LINEAR+CRTS data, the evidence for periodicity decreases. For genuine periodicity one would expect that additional data would strengthen the evidence, so the decrease in significance may be an indication that the binary model is disfavored.
A Methodological Proposal for Collecting and Creating Macroscopic Photograph Collections of Tropical Woods with Potential for Use in Deep Learning
Authors: Mata-Montero Erick , Valverde Juan Carlos , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto , Figueroa-Mata Geovanni
Published: May 2018

Costa Rica is one of the countries with highest species biodiversity density in the world. More than 2,000 tree species have already been identified, many of which are used in the building, furniture, and packaging industries (Grayum et al. 2003). This rich diversity makes the correct identification of tree species very difficult. As a result, it is common to see in the national market that species are commercialized with mistaken identifications, which makes quality control particularly challenging. In addition, because 90 timber tree species have been classified as “threatened” in Costa Rica, correct identifications are indispensable for law-enforcement.

The traditional system for tree species identification is based on macro and microscopic evaluations of the anatomy of the wood. It entails assesing anatomical features such as patterns of vessels, parenchymas, and fibers. Typically, 7.7 x 10 cm pieces of wood cuts are used to identify the tree species (Pan and Kudo 2011, Yusof et al. 2013). However, assessing these features is extremely difficult for taxonomists because properties of the wood can vary considerably due to environmental conditions and intra-specific genetic variability.

Deep learning techniques have recently been used to identify plant species (Carranza-Rojas et al. 2017a, Carranza-Rojas et al. 2017b) and are potentially useful to detect subtle differences in patterns of vessels, parenchyma, and other anatomical features of wood. However, it is necessary to have a large collection of macroscopic photographs of individuals from various parts of the country (Pan and Kudo 2011). As a first step in the application of deep learning techniques, we have defined a formal, standard protocol for collecting wood samples, physically processing them, taking pictures, performing data augmentation, and using metadata to provide the primary data necessary for deep learning applications. Unlike traditional xylotheque sampling methods that destroy trees or use wood from fallen trees, we propose a method that extracts small size samples with sufficient quality for anatomical characterization but does not affect the growth and survival of the individual.

This study has been developed in three forest permanent plots in Costa Rica, all of which are sites with historical growth data over the last 20 years. We have so far evaluated 40 species (10 individuals per species) with diameters greater than 20 cm. From each individual, a cylindrical sample of 12 mm diameter and 7.5 cm in length was extracted with a cordless drill. Each sample is then cut into five of 8 x 8 x 8 mm cubes and further processed to result in curated xylotheque samples, a dataset with all relevant metadata and original images, and a dataset with images obtained by performing data augmentation on the original images.
TaxonWorks
Authors: Dmitriev Dmitry
Published: May 2018

TaxonWorks (http://taxonworks.org) is an integrated workbench for taxonomists and biodiversity scientists. It is designed to capture, organize, and enrich data, share and refine it with collaborators, and package it for analysis and publication. It is based on PostgreSQL (database) and the Ruby-on-Rails programming language and framework for developing web applications (https://github.com/SpeciesFileGroup/taxonworks). The TaxonWorks community is built around an open software ecosystem that facilitates participation at many levels. TaxonWorks is designed to serve both researchers who create and curate the data, as well as technical users, such as programmers and informatics specialists, who act as data consumers. TaxonWorks provides researchers with robust, user friendly interfaces based on well thought out customized workflows for efficient and validated data entry. It provides technical users database access through an application programming interface (API) that serves data in JSON format. The data model includes coverage for nearly all classes of data recorded in modern taxonomic treatments primary studies of biodiversity, including nomenclature, bibliography, specimens and collecting events, phylogenetic matrices and species descriptions, etc. The nomenclatural classes are based on the NOMEN ontology (https://github.com/SpeciesFileGroup/nomen).
Deep learning for weed identification based on seed images
Authors: Pando Francisco , Heredia Ignacio , Aedo Pérez Carlos , Velayos Rodríguez Mauricio , Lloret Iglesias Lara , Calvo Joel
Published: May 2018

Reliable plant species identification from seeds is intrinsically difficult due to the scarcity of features and because it requires specialized expertise that is becoming increasingly rarer, as the number of field plant taxonomists is diminishing (Bacher 2012, Haas and Häuser 2005). On the other hand, seed identification is relevant in some science domains such as plant community ecology, archaeology, paleoclimatology. Besides, economic activities such as agriculture, require seed identification to assess weed species contained in the "soil seed banks" (Colbach 2014) to enable targeted treatments before they become a problem.

In this work, we explore and evaluate several approaches by using different training image sets with various requisites and assessing their performance with test datasets of different sources.

The core training dataset is provided by the Anthos project (Castroviejo et al. 2017) as a subset of its image collection. It consists of nearly a 1000 images of seeds identified by experts.

As identification algorithm, we will use state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks for image classification (He et al. 2016). The framework is fully written in Python using the TensorFlow (Abadi et al. 2016) module for deep learning.
Validation for preservation: how sustainable are GBIF datasets?
Authors: Philipson Joakim
Published: May 2018

Validation using schemas and tools like the Darwin Core Archive Validator from GBIF are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We may like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. So we might eventually come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account, already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation / migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.) to counter obsolecense. Validation schemas and transformation code should also be archived together with the AIPs. By ensuring compliance with standards these tools are essential in controlling uniformity of records in a collection, for future needs of transformation and migration to new, sustainable formats. An example is given of the problems encountered in transforming only a small, relatively well defined collection of about 1000 archival items but with substantial variations between them, due to a lack of effective input constraints and validation at ingest.

A further assessment is made of validation errors encountered in some Darwin Core Archives comprising thousands of records from some hundred published datasets, and how these errors might affect a future potential transformation / migration effort. Migration efforts must necessarily be general in scope, while errors in datasets from non-compliance with standards risk being reinforced or aggravated in the transformation process, making the information contained in the resulting records more difficult to interpret. The conclusion is that efforts should be made, e.g. by means of embedded validation measures into upload forms and other methods of information transfer (e.g. ftp, oai-pmh) to ensure as close compliance as possible to standards, already at the time of ingest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-994X
National Scientific Validation for Data in the Information System on Nature and Landscapes (Système d'Information sur la Nature et les Paysages - SINP)
Authors: Jomier Rémy , Robert Solène , Dupont Pascal
Published: May 2018

As part of the Biodiversity Information System on Nature and Landscapes (Système d'Informations Nature et Paysages or SINP), the French National Natural History Museum has been appointed by the French ministry in charge of ecology to develop mechanisms for biodiversity data exchange, especially taxon occurrences (there are also elements on habitat occurrences, geo-heritage, etc.). Given that there are thousands of different sources for datasets, containing over 42 million records, such a development brings into question the underlying quality of data. To add complexity, there can be several layers of quality assurance: one by the producer of the data, one by a regional node, and another one by the national node.

The approach to quality issues was addressed by a dedicated working group, representative of biodiversity stakeholders in France. The resulting documents focus on core methodology elements that characterize a data quality process for, in the first instance, taxon occurrences only. It may be extended to habitats, geology, etc. in the near future.

For scientific validation, two processes are used:

One automated process that uses expertise upstream (automated validation based on previous databases created through the use of said expertise), with several criteria such as comparison with a national taxonomic reference database (TAXREF), and with species reference distributions. The outcomes of this process will indicate error potential and can be used to automatically flag data above a certain threshold for the following process.

A second, manual process, that allows for further scrutiny in order to reach a conclusive evaluation.

The combination of both processes allows experts to focus on data that has a higher likelihood of being erroneous, thus saving time and resources.

One objective of the INPN (Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel, or National Inventory of Natural Heritage), after one or both approaches, is to have each record assigned a confidence level.

The poster will be about National scientific validation of data in the SINP. It will show for whom and why it is done, whether the expertise lies upstream or downstream (manual validation through expert networks), what documents may exist, and what attributes have been considered to be added to the national standards so as to convey the information derived from these processes.
Entry Life-Cycle with automatic Change-History & Provenance Tracking in collaborative Semantic Web Content Management Systems as implemented in SOCCOMAS
Authors: Baum Roman , Grobe Peter , Köhler Christian , Meid Sandra , Quast Björn , Vogt Lars
Published: May 2018

SOCCOMAS is a ready-to-use Semantic Ontology-Controlled Content Management System (http://escience.biowikifarm.net/wiki/SOCCOMAS). Each web content management system (WCMS) run by SOCCOMAS is controlled by a set of ontologies and an accompanying Java-based middleware with the data housed in a Jena tuple store. The ontologies describe the behavior of the WCMS, including all of its input forms, input controls, data schemes and workflow processes (Fig. 1).

Data is organized into different types of data entries, which represent collections of data referring to a particular material entity, for instance an individual specimen. SOCCOMAS implements a suite of general processes, which can be used to manage and organize all data entry types. One category of processes manages the life-cycle of a data entry, including all required for changing between the following possible entry states:

current draft version;

backup draft version;

recycle bin draft version;

deleted draft version;

current published version;

previously published version.

current draft version;

backup draft version;

recycle bin draft version;

deleted draft version;

current published version;

previously published version.

The processes also allow a user to create a revised draft based on the current published version. Another category of processes automatically tracks the overall provenance (i.e. creator, authors, creation and publication date, contributers, relation between different versions, etc.) for each particular data entry. Additionally, on a significantly finer level of granularity, SOCCOMAS also tracks in a detailed change-history log all changes made to a particular data record at the level of individual input fields. All information (data, provenance metadata, change-history metadata) is stored based on Resource Description Framework (RDF) compliant data schemes into different named graphs (i.e. a URI under which triple statements are stored in the tuple store). All recorded information can be accessed through a SPARQL endpoint. All data entries are Linked Open Data and thus provide access to an HTML representation of the data for visualization in a web-browser or as a machine-readable RDF file. The ontology-controlled design of SOCCOMAS allows administrators to easily customize already existing templates for input forms of data entries, define new templates for new types of data entries, and define underlying RDF-compliant data schemes and apply them to each relevant input field. SOCCOMAS provides an engine for running and developing semantic WCMSs, where only ontology editing, but no middleware and front end programming, are required for adapting the WCMS to one's own specific requirements.
Korean Bio-resource Information System (KOBIS): the Nationwide Infrastructure for Collecting and Integrating Biological Resource Information in Korea
Authors: Park Seong-Jin , Cho Kwang Hoon , KO Daeyeon , Jeon Yong Jin , Jin Tae Eun , Choe Yong Kyung
Published: May 2018

As a national center for managing biological data, the Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC) provides capabilities and resources to manage and standardize the explosively growing amount of biological data from national Research and Development grants by developing a systematic and integrative approach. The biological data includes biological material resource, genome, and biodiversity data, such as observation, collection, taxonomy, character, and genome information of living organisms. The Korean government has enacted legislature for the collection, management and utilization of biological data in 2009 and, as a follow-up, KOBIC has undertaken the mission to collect and integrate the scattered biological data in Korea. We first made a biological data format for exchanging data between government agencies. After that, the Korean Bio-resource Information System (KOBIS) has been developed. KOBIS is an integrated information system for efficient acquisition and systematic management of biological data. KOBIS contains more than 109,000 species and 12.1 million occurrence records from 107 collaborating institutions from four ministries. KOBIS is a system that establishes a catalog of scientific names by linking species information by ministries. The main function is integrated information search. The results of integrated information search show character information, bibliographic information, electronic book, DNA classification, gene information, photo image, and research achievement. We will continue to focus our efforts on the management of KOBIS for facilitation of information sharing, distribution, and service towards mining biological data.

KOBIS is available at http://www.kobis.re.kr.
The China Program on Species Diversity Information Systems
Authors: Ji Liqiang , Lin Congtian , Wang Jiangning , Han Yan
Published: May 2018

A program to integrate species diversity information systems was launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in January 2018, with funding from the CAS Earth project, a Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS. The program will create a series of data products, such as China flora online, species catalogues, distribution maps, software tools for data mining and knowledge discovery based on big data and artificial intelligence technology, and a service platform and portal highlighting species diversity information in China. The products and platform will provide the robust data to support decision making on biodiversity conservation, fundamental research on biodiversity evolution and spatial patterns, and species identification for citizen science. China flora online will include 35,000 species of higher plants in China and an online editing environment for botanists to maintain the floral records. The trait database will include structured data of animals, plants and fungi, such as weight, height, length, color and shape of organisms. This species catalogue will be the annually updated version of the Catalogue of Life, China. The distribution maps will show the spatial pattern for each species of vertebrate animal and higher plant. Cell phone apps will help users to easily and quickly identify plants in the field. The mechanism and workflow for data collection, integration, public sharing and quality control will be built up in the next few years.
Notes on some toad bugs from China (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae)
Authors: Xie Tong-Yin , Liu Guo-Qing
Published: May 2018

The three species ofNerthraSay, 1832 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gelastocoridae) occurring in China are reviewed. Dorsal habitus photographs of the two species,Nerthraasiatica(Horváth, 1892) andNerthraindica(Atkinson, 1889), are provided, accompanied by illustrations of male genitalic structures and female ventral aspect of posterior abdominal segments. The male ofNerthraasiaticais recorded and reviewed for the first time.
Les « regroupements » de la guerre d’Algérie, des « villages stratégiques » ?
Authors: Sacriste Fabien
Published: May 2018

Résumé Les « regroupements » créés par l’armée française pendant la guerre d’indépendance algérienne (1954-1962) appartiennent à ces lieux que l’historien Christian Gerlach a qualifiés de « villages stratégiques ». Or le terme de « village » est-il bien adapté pour nommer ces espaces d’enfermement d’une population civile autoritairement déplacée ? Fruits d’une stratégie militaire et administrative conduite au cas par cas, les « regroupements » d’Algérie ressemblent le plus souvent à des camps dans lesquels végète une population privée de ses libertés fondamentales et durablement précarisée par un déracinement brutal qui l’expose à la dépendance, aux crises sanitaires et à la surmortalité. Si le terme de « village » s’est imposé pendant la guerre, il convient d’en interroger les usages afin de souligner que, loin d’être ce projet de développement contraint de la société rurale porté par une minorité d’acteurs, le regroupement fut d’abord et surtout un moyen de justifier l’injustifiable : une politique de déplacement forcé de populations civiles menée à grande échelle par l’administration et l’armée françaises – et ce à moins d’une décennie de la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale.
Construire (dans) les marges de l’État, entre politiques de « développement » et stratégies de contre-insurrection (Chaco, Argentine, 1976-1980)
Authors: Colombo Pamela , Buu-Sao Doris
Published: May 2018

Résumé Pour produire une profonde reconfiguration sociopolitique, la dictature civilo-militaire en Argentine (1976-1983) n’a pas seulement mis en œuvre un système de disparition forcée des personnes, elle a également essayé une réorganisation territoriale et urbaine au niveau national. Nous nous intéressons ici à l’un de ces programmes : la création de villages stratégiques . Notre recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment l’État met en œuvre des projets d’ingénierie sociale dans lesquels la réinvention spatiale de territoires périphériques a pour objectif de modifier radicalement un groupe social ainsi que la situation économico-politique de la zone concernée. Pour cela, nous analysons la création du village Fuerte Esperanza dans la Province du Chaco, dans le cadre de ce qui a été appelé la « Campagne de l’Ouest » déployée dans la région de « El Impenetrable » (1976-1980). Nous démontrons comment la création de Fuerte Esperanza, sous couvert d’un programme dit de « développement », avait aussi une fonction de contre-insurrection. Nous essayons de comprendre et de déconstruire les discours et les pratiques autour de ces types de programmes d’« action civique militaire ». De plus, nous soutenons pour la première fois qu’il existe des continuités entre la création de ce village et d’autres programmes similaires de la même époque en Argentine (principalement dans la province de Tucumán).
Du sujet politique à la créature naturelle
Authors: Hours Bernard
Published: May 2018

L’article se fixe pour objet d’identifier l’évolution en cours qui porte sur la nature du sujet des droits. Dans une première partie est abordé le modèle emblématique des droits de l’Homme hérités des Lumières et de la Révolution française. Est posée la centralité du sujet politique, le citoyen, dans une démocratie politique fondée sur l’État-nation légitime. La multiplication de la distribution de droits divers amène à constater ensuite que la figure du citoyen sujet politique est désormais affaiblie, comme celle de l’État. Les droits humains ne sont plus exactement des droits politiques, mais deviennent, de jour en jour, des droits naturalisés dont le sujet est devenu l’homme biologique, une créature naturelle, comme exemplaire de l’espèce humaine dans la biodiversité, parmi les plantes et les animaux. C’est l’espèce qui a droit à des droits, et le droit à une dignité minimale. Le citoyen politique se trouve ainsi naturalisé et dépolitisé. On analyse ensuite le sens et les effets de la capitalisation de droits comme marchandises morales acquises par les sujets du marché des droits. On conclut enfin par l’examen de l’entrée en lice récente des sujets de l’environnement, tels que les fleuves, auxquels sont attribués des personnalités juridiques et un droit à la protection qui les constitue en sujets des droits, à défaut d’être encore clairement des sujets de droit.
L’homosexualité ensorcelée au Cameroun
Authors: Biligha Tolane Patience
Published: May 2018

Cet article porte sur la question des droits des personnes homosexuelles au Cameroun et des associations qui les défendent. En prenant en compte les expériences d’hommes homosexuels confrontés à la violence de l’État, et aux actions policières qui légitiment les violences exercées depuis la société envers les personnes homosexuelles, l’argumentaire de ce travail se base sur le hiatus entre l’adhésion du Cameroun aux principaux traités internationaux qui condamnent la discrimination des personnes homosexuelles, légitiment les activités des militants pour les droits de l’Homme, et la réalité du terrain où, dans le cas du Cameroun, la législation nationale pénalise l’homosexualité et entrave le droit d’association. Le droit devient ainsi une arme offensive à l’égard des personnes homosexuelles et de leurs défenseurs.