bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 in Turkish freshwater resources
Authors: Öksüz Abdullah , Mazlum Yavuz
Published: October 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate the nutrient content ofAstacus leptodactylusin various populations in the lakes Iznik and Egirdir, as well as in Hirfanlı Dam Lake and Keban Dam Lake, all in Turkey. Crayfish meat yield ranged from a minimum of 11.3% to a maximum of 16.3% of wet weight in specimens from Keban and Iznik, respectively. Meat yield was significantly different, depending on the living environment. The protein content of the meat ofA. leptodactylusranged from 15.4 to 17.5%. The moisture content of crayfish was significantly lower in the high lipid containing Iznik Lake’s crayfish. Crayfish lipids were poor in saturated fatty acids, but rich in PUFA’s and in particular EPA, DHA and ARA. In all groups, the major saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid. Among the omega-6 fatty acid series, a high level of ARA was observed in crayfish meat.

EPA may be considered as the major omega-3 fatty acid in crayfish lipids. There was no single fatty acid indicating regional differences in crayfish specimens.
United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) – After Ten Years of Being in Force
Authors: Weilert A. Katarina
Published: October 2016

The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) was adopted in October 2003 and entered into force on 14 December 2005. It is the first comprehensive global instrument to fight corruption and great hopes are pinned on this convention. The article recalls why corruption is a serious problem and that the various cultural and legal backgrounds make it difficult to come up with a common definition. Hence the States are not equally ready to commit themselves to anti-corruption laws. The evaluation of the content and implementing measures of the UNCAC is embedded in the presentation of other instruments against corruption. In particular, the article describes the current status of the implementation mechanism by the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and the results of the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism (2010–2015).
Concepts of the Legal Status of the Arctic
Authors: Pushkareva Elvira
Published: October 2016

Recently the Arctic has become a highly contested area between a number of countries.2 Rising prices and increased trade flows in Eurasia and North America have made the North Passages a potentially attractive alternative to the established trade routes. Available research suggests that the Arctic contains huge deposits of natural gas, oil, minerals, fish and other resources. Besides, the Arctic is a polar region and its sensitive environment is of great value for the international community.

The de facto Arctic Ocean regime is not fully based on the de jure norms of the law of the sea. Gaps in the international and regional agreements on shipping, scientific research, protection of the Arctic environment; the lack of comprehensive protection for this region compared to the equally remote, though uninhabited Antarctic region; the need to incorporate principles of sustainability and innovative features recognizing the nature of society and economy in the Arctic, all point to a need to update the existing Arctic legal regime.

There is a need to establish a unified international regulation in the Arctic. This may entail either acknowledgement and enforcement of the existing law of the sea norms in the Arctic, or adoption of a separate comprehensive legal document on the Arctic Ocean.

In this regard the problem of excessive generation of concepts on the legal status of the Arctic is worth mentioning. There have been five concepts so far: the historic title concept, the sector approach concept, the ice formations status concept, the concept of the Arctic States’ exceptional rights, and the concept of an international regime for the Arctic. All of them (except for the last one just recently proposed) are interrelated in a way, or have been established on the basis of each other.
Self-Determination during the Cold War: UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (1960), the Prohibition of Partition, and the Establishment of the British Indian Ocean Territory (1965)
Authors: Kattan Victor
Published: October 2016

This article uses the history of partition to assess when self-determination became a rule of customary international law prohibiting partition as a method of decolonization. In so doing it revisits the partitions of Indochina, Korea, India, Palestine, Cyprus, South Africa, and South West Africa, and explains that UN practice underwent a transformation when the UN General Assembly opposed the United Kingdom’s partition proposals for Cyprus in 1958. Two years later, the UN General Assembly condemned any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country in Resolution 1514 (1960).

The illegality of partition under customary international law was raised during the second phase of the South West Africa Cases (1960–1966) in respect of South Africa’s homelands policy, but the International Court of Justice (ICJ) infamously did not address the merits of those cases. The illegality of partition was also raised in the arbitration between the United Kingdom and Mauritius over the establishment of the British Indian Ocean Territory in 1965. Like the ICJ in the South West Africa Cases, the Arbitral Tribunal decided that it did not have jurisdiction to address the legality of the British excision of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius, even though the legality of the excision was argued at length between counsels for Mauritius and the United Kingdom in their oral pleadings and written statements.

However, in their joint dissenting opinion, Judge Rüdiger Wolfrum and Judge James Kateka expressed their opinion that self-determination had developed before 1965, and that consequently the partition was unlawful. This paper agrees that selfdetermination prohibited the partition of Mauritius to establish the British Indian Ocean Territory, a new colony, in 1965 although self-determination probably did not emerge as a rule of customary international law until the adoption of the human rights covenants in 1966, after the excision of the Chagos Archipelago in 1965, but before the passage of the Mauritius Independence Act in 1968.
Adverbial En MANEY En Coréen : Aspect, Contexte Et Présupposition
Authors: Son Hyunjung
Published: October 2016

From the vendlerian point of view, the Korean MANEY-adverbial is considered to reveal the telicity of the sentences that it modifies. This description, however, seems inadequate because the MANEY-adverbial modifies not only the accomplishment sentences but also the achievement and the activity sentences. In this paper, I examine the semantic roles played by this time adverbial and propose the notions of "relational role" and "telic role" to explain the way this adverbial functions. I formalize them in the typed functional language proposed by F. Renaud (1996).
Ethical Deliberation in Aristotle’S Rhetoric and Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: Olmsted Wendy
Published: October 2016

Although some scholars have argued that Aristotle makes deliberation seem independent of virtue, I argue that deliberation, properly understood, is ethical in the Rhetoric and the Nicomachean Ethics. Unlike modern scholars who separate the useful from the good and the prudent from the moral, Aristotle argues that speakers’ deliberative arguments seek what is good and beneficial, much as noble persons in the Ethics pursue the good and the beneficial in their actions. So regarded, the beneficial is not the enemy of the excellent but its partner. I show that rhetorical argument is a flexible resource serving the different ends of deliberative, forensic and epideictic arguments. This article assesses the inventiveness, cogency and ethical implications of various rhetorical arguments, including argument from example and enthymeme.
Why Aristotle says that Artful Rhetoric can happen in only a few Venues — and why we should too
Authors: Depew David
Published: October 2016

This paper explores a possible connection between Aristotle’s defence of rhetoric as an art and his claim that its three kinds, deliberative, forensic and epideictic, necessarily take place in sites where citizens appear to one another as citizens. The argument is that only in such sites, and hence only in poleis, can speakers and audiences distinguish the internal norms of this, and indeed any other, art from external effects that, although they may be called rhetorical, are not artful or technikos on Aristotle’s definition. That in making this argument Plato serves as Aristotle’s foil is suggested by allusions in the Rhetoric and other Aristotelian treatises to specific passages in Phaedrus and Statesman. The paper concludes by claiming that conditions for practising the art of rhetoric in the strict sense are as civic now as they were in classical antiquity. The media in which the art is practised may have multiplied, but when its civic nature is grasped the kinds into which Aristotle divides it appear not to have changed as much as might be thought.
Comparison of the anti-duck hepatitis A virus activities of phosphorylated and sulfated Astragalus polysaccharides
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Chen Yun , Du Hongxu , Yang Jingjing , Ming Ke , Song Meiyun , Liu Jiaguo
Published: October 2016

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) (Picornaviridae) causes an infectious disease in ducks which results in severe losses in duck industry. However, the proper antiviral supportive drugs for this disease have not been discovered. Polysaccharide is the main ingredient of Astragalus that has been demonstrated to directly and indirectly inhibit RNA of viruses replication. In this study, the antiviral activities of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and its derivatives against DHAV were evaluated and compared. APS was modified via the sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate (STMP-STPP) method and chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to obtain its phosphate (pAPS) and sulfate (sAPS), respectively. The infrared structures of APS, pAPS, and sAPS were analyzed with the potassium bromide disc method. Additionally, the antiviral activities were evaluated with the MTT ((4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) method in vitro and the artificial inoculation method in vivo. The clinical therapy effects were evaluated by mortality rate, liver function-related biochemical indicators, and visual changes in pathological anatomy. The anti-DHAV proliferation effects of APS, pAPS, and sAPS on the viral multiplication process in cell and blood were observed with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. The results revealed that pAPS inhibited DHAV proliferation more efficiently in the entire process of viral multiplication than APS and sAPS. Moreover, only pAPS significantly improved the survival rate to 33.5% and reduced the DHAV particle titer in the blood as well as liver lesions in clinical trials. The results indicated that pAPS exhibited greater anti-DHAV activity than APS and sAPS both in vitro and in vivo.
A new form measurement system based on subaperture stitching with a line-scanning interferometer
Authors: Laubach Sören , Ehret Gerd , Riebeling Jörg , Lehmann Peter
Published: October 2016

A new optical form measurement system for almost rotational symmetric surfaces has been set up. It is based on an interferometric line sensor applying sinusoidal path length modulation in combination with a movement system. With this system, ring-shaped subapertures of the specimens are measured. The system is especially suitable for measuring spheres and aspheres with a broad range of radii (r>50 mm). The individual subapertures are stitched together to yield the full 3D topography. Because the rotation of the specimen by more than 360° has to yield the same results, inherent consistency tests are possible. Example measurements of a sphere are shown and discussed. Reproducibility measurements for one ring scan performed with the system show a standard deviation of 14 nm. The system can be set up at a moderate price as off-the-shelf mechanical and optoelectronic devices can be used. Future improvements of the system are discussed.
An integro-differential inequality related to the smallest positive eigenvalue of p(x)-Laplacian Dirichlet problem
Authors: Wiśniewski Damian , Bodzioch Mariusz
Published: October 2016

We consider the eigenvalue problem for the p(x)-Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere. We prove same integro-differential inequalities related to the smallest positive eigenvalue of this problem.
Affine analogues of the Sasaki-Shchepetilov connection
Authors: Robaszewska Maria
Published: October 2016

For two-dimensional manifold M with locally symmetric connection ∇ and with ∇-parallel volume element vol one can construct a flat connection on the vector bundle TM ⊕ E, where E is a trivial bundle. The metrizable case, when M is a Riemannian manifold of constant curvature, together with its higher dimension generalizations, was studied by A.V. Shchepetilov [J. Phys. A: 36 (2003), 3893-3898]. This paper deals with the case of non-metrizable locally symmetric connection. Two flat connections on TM ⊕ (ℝ × M) and two on TM ⊕ (ℝ2 × M) are constructed. It is shown that two of those connections – one from each pair – may be identified with the standard flat connection in ℝN, after suitable local affine embedding of (M,∇) into ℝN.
Evaluation of Mixing and Mixing Rate in a Multiple Spouted Bed by Image Processing Technique
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhong Wenqi , Rui Xiao , Jin Baosheng , Liu Hao
Published: October 2016

Mixing efficiency is one of the most significant factors, affecting both performance and scale-up of a gas-solid reactor system. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the particle mixing in a multiple spouted bed. Image processing technique was used to extract the real-time information concerning the distribution of particle components (bed materials and tracer particles). A more accurate definition of the tracer concentration was developed to calculate the mixing index. According to the visual observation and image analysis, the mixing mechanism was revealed and the mixing rate was evaluated. Based on these results, the effects of operation parameters on the mixing rate were discussed in terms of the flow patterns. It is found that the detection of the pixel distribution of each component in RGB images is not affected by the interference of air void, thus maintaining good measurement accuracy. Convective transportation controls the particle mixing in the internal jet and spout, while shear dominants the particle mixing in the dense moving region. Global mixing takes place only when the path from one spout cell to the other is open. This path can be formed either by the bubbles or particle circulation flows. The mixing rate is linked to the bubble motion and particle circulation. Provided that there are interactions between the spout cells, any parameters promoting the bubble motion and circulation can increase the mixing rate. Finally, a mixing pattern diagram was constructed to establish the connection between the flow structure and mixing intensity.
What usage can do: The effect of language dominance on simultaneous bilinguals’ morphosyntactic processing
Authors: Caffarra Sendy , Zimnukhova Svetlana , Mancini Simona
Published: October 2016

Even when bilinguals learn both languages from birth and achieve high levels of proficiency, they rarely use their languages to the same degree. Recent findings suggest that individual differences in bilingual profile such as the usage of the bilingual’s different languages could affect the way they retrieve and analyse linguistic information, with greater use of linguistic mechanisms from the dominant language. One of the linguistic areas where a wide variety of bilingual performance has been reported is morphosyntax. The present study tests whether language usage can account for a certain amount of the individual variability in morphosyntactic feature extraction. Basque-Spanish simultaneous bilinguals with a range of language dominance profiles were asked to judge the grammatical gender of Spanish nouns the ending of which could provide a reliable cue to gender (i. e., transparent) or not (i. e., opaque). Results showed that the more bilinguals used Basque (i. e., an agglutinative language) on a daily basis, the faster they were at detecting the presence of transparent morphemes relative to opaque nouns. These findings suggest that simultaneous bilinguals have different ways of retrieving grammatical gender depending on their language profile. Language usage can contribute to explaining the presence of individual differences in morphosyntactic feature retrieval.
Psycholinguistics and variation in language processing
Authors: Boland Julie E , Kaan Edith , Valdés Kroff Jorge , Wulff Stefanie
Published: October 2016

This Special Collection includes a number of articles published together on the topic of Psycholinguistics and Variation and identified by the keyword “PsychLingVar” The collection reflects our view that variation in language processing is both important and ubiquitous, and that such variation presents challenges that psycholinguists have long ignored. In this article, we provide a brief overview of current psycholinguistic research on variation, including the articles featured in the collection. While quite diverse, this collection of articles is united by the common goal of investigating variation in language processing.
Natural Abundance Nitrogen-15 NMR in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals With Cyano-Group
Authors: Jackalin Lukas , Dvinskikh Sergey V.
Published: October 2016

We present natural abundance nitrogen-15 (NAN15) NMR spectroscopy in thermotropic liquid crystals. It is demonstrated that high resolution NAN15 NMR spectra in mesophases can be accurately recorded in non-spinning samples with a high orientational molecular order and strong anisotropic spin interactions. In this technique, due to low demand on radio-frequency decoupling power, standard solution-state probes can be used, which generally provide superior sensitivity and spectroscopic resolution in comparison to solid-state probes. We show that15N chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) can be used as a sensitive probe of molecular orientational dynamics in liquid crystals. This method is exploited here to measure the orientational molecular order parameter of the nematic 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). Since the nitrogen spectra are obtained from the molecules constituting the mesophase rather than from probe molecules, the information is direct and the analysis and interpretation is straightforward. Nitrogen CSA of immobilized molecules, required in the analysis, is obtained using a DFT calculation. The approach provided consistent results for the order parameter in the nematic 5CB in the whole temperature range, in good agreement with literature data.
INNOVATIVE ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURAL FORMATIONS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kyrylov Yuriy , Hranovska Victoriya
Published: October 2016

The impact of globalization and integration on Ukraine’s economy, the search for a competitive model of development under these conditions require the overview of traditional principles of managing branches of the agrarian sector. What are the processes of transformation of forms of managing in agrarian sector of Ukraine, and what areas are promising in terms of global competition? The paper substantiates the necessity of developing innovative alternative agricultural formations in Ukraine. It formulated their prospects and potentialities of integration into a traditional agribusiness model. A synergy approach is considered a key approach to analyzing the activity of innovative alternative formations. The paper represents the model of organizing and managing an enterprise, which is adapted to the challenges of globalization. It proves that innovative alternative agricultural formations are competitive, adaptable structures. They can be quickly reoriented towards manufacturing new types of products, they meet the demands of consumers at the maximum, constantly improve the system of managing, expenditures, resources and product quality.
SPONGE (Callyspongia sp., Callyspongia basilana, and Haliclona sp.) CULTURE WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL EXPLANT SIZES
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Pong-Masak Petrus Rani , Suryati Emma , Tjaronge Muhammad
Published: October 2016

Sponge global demand for industry and research needs far exceeds supply from the sea. Aquaculture is considered as the only viable method that can supply sufficient and sustainable quantities of sponges. Aquaculture method is also one of efforts to anticipate and avoid the over-harvesting of sponges in nature. However, culture methods need to be determined to provide the platform for commercial success. In this study sponges (Callyspongia sp., Callyspongia basilana, and Haliclona sp.) were successfully cultured by transplantation method using polyethylene net with the initial explant sizes of 1 cm, 3 cm, and 5 cm. The result showed that the sponge growth and survival rates were dependent on the species. Callyspongia sp. and Callyspongia basilana gave the highest growth and survival rates on the treatment 3 cm with the final explants length reached 12.20 ± 2.35 cm and 7.603 ± 0.93 cm and survival rates reached 98.33% and 36.67%. In contrast, Haliclona sp. had the highest growth (21.67 ± 0.25) and survival (95%) on treatment 5 cm. Nevertheless, among the three species, treatment using 3 cm and 5 cm of initial explant sizes did not show a significant difference. Therefore for the efficiency of explants use, the best initial explant length for culturing the three species of sponges is 3 cm.
TRANSFER GEN ANTIVIRUS PADA EMBRIO UDANG WINDU, Penaeus monodon DALAM BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Tenriulo Andi , Tonnek Syarifuddin , Lante Samuel
Published: October 2016

Teknologi transgenesis khususnya rekayasa genetik untuk menghasilkan udang windu resisten penyakit merupakan salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya pemecahan masalah penyakit yang menimpa budidaya udang windu. Teknologi transgenesis khususnya transfer gen antivirus pada udang windu telah berhasil dilakukan melalui teknik transfeksi. Meskipun demikian optimalisasi komponen teknologi tersebut masih perlu dilakukan. Konsentrasi DNA gen merupakan salah satu komponen teknologi transgenesis yang harus dioptimalkan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi dalam transfer gen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi DNA gen antivirus yang optimal sebagai bahan transfer gen ke embrio menggunakan metode transfeksi. Embrio udang windu yang diperoleh dari hasil pemijahan induk asal Aceh, dikoleksi 5-10 menit setelah memijah dengan kepadatan 625 telur/2 mL. Transfeksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan media larutan transfeksi jetPEI dengan konsentrasi DNA gen antivirus sebagai perlakuan, yakni: 5, 10, dan 15 µg serta kontrol positif (tanpa plasmid DNA) dan negatif (tanpa plasmid DNA dan larutan transfeksi), masing-masing 3 ulangan. Embrio hasil transfeksi ditetaskan pada stoples berisi air laut sebanyak 2 L yang diletakkan pada waterbath. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen antivirus telah berhasil diintroduksi ke embrio udang windu. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi DNA (5-15 µg) tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap daya tetas embrio udang windu. Analisis ekspresi gen pada larva udang windu juga menunjukkan adanya aktivitas ekspresi gen antivirus pada semua perlakuan konsentrasi DNA, di mana ekspresi gen antivirus pada larva transgenik lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tanpa transfeksi). Sintasan pasca-larva PL-1 yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah 12,0%; 10,0%; 10,6%; 12,3%; dan 14,2% masing-masing untuk perlakuan konsentrasi plasmid DNA 5 µg, 10 µg, 15 µg, kontrol positif dan negatif, di mana konsentrasi DNA yang berbeda tidak memperlihatkan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap sintasan larva PL-1. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi bahwa untuk alasan efisiensi, konsentrasi DNA 5 µg disarankan untuk digunakan dalam transfer gen pada embrio udang windu.
ESTIMASI HERITABILITAS UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) BERBASIS PADA KERAGAMAN FENOTIP
Authors: Hadie Lies Emmawati , Hadie Wartono , Sularto Sularto
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menghitung heritabilitas pada sifat bobot udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) pada umur lima bulan. Lima full-sib dan 15 half-sib dipelihara pada dua tingkat salinitas yaitu 0‰ dan 10‰, dengan rata-rata bobot sebesar 5,6 g; dan  = 0,40 g. Komponen keragaman diestimasi dengan mixed model leastsquares dan maximum likelihood. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons genetik yang tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui seleksi bobot, karena nilai heritabilitas pada sifat tersebut relatif tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa kisaran nilai h2 pada air tawar (0,509-0,866) dan air payau (0,235-0,499). Jadi nilai h2 pada air tawar lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lingkungan air payau pada salinitas 10,0‰. Kisaran nilai h2 yang dicapai pada out-crossing antara koleksi Barito dengan Musi adalah 0,663±0,037-0,866±0,047. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk menghasilkan perbaikan mutu genetik pada udang galah dapat ditempuh melalui program seleksi yang dikombinasikan dengan metode pemijahan secara out-crossing.
DOMESTIKASI DAN EVALUASI TINGKAT KEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN TILAN MERAH (Mastacembelus erytrotaenia)
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto
Published: October 2016

Ikan tilan merah merupakan salah satu jenis ikan hias yang sampai saat ini belum dibudidayakan. Potensi sebagai ikan hias dan ikan konsumsi sangat bagus. Untuk itu, dilakukan pembudidayaan di luar habitatnya dengan memelihara calon induk sebanyak 150 ekor di dalam wadah bak beton masing-masing 75 ekor untuk melakukan adaptasi terhadap pakan buatan dan pakan alami berupa cacing tanah selama 2 bulan. Setelah itu dilakukan pengamatan di dalam bak fiberglass ukuran 60 cm x 70 cm x 80 cm (volume air 250 L) dengan sistem resirkulasi tertutup. Setiap bak diisi 15 ekor ikan dan dibagi ke dalam 3 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, tiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan pertama diberi pakan buatan 100%, perlakuan kedua diberikan pakan alami (cacing tanah) 100%, dan perlakuan ketiga diberikan 50% pakan buatan dan 50% pakan alami. Sampling pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap bulan selama 6 bulan. Kualitas air dilakukan setiap minggu meliputi O2, alkalinitas, pH, CO2, nitrat, nitrit, amonia, konduktivitas. Pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pembedahan untuk melihat perkembangan gonad. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ikan dengan bobot kurang dari 250 g mempunyai variasi perkembangan gonad dengan TKG III hingga V, sedangkan bobot di atas 250 g sudah dijumpai gonad pada TKG VI.
PENCEMARAN PESTISIDA PADA PERAIRAN PERIKANAN DI SUKABUMI- JAWA BARAT
Authors: Taufik Imam
Published: October 2016

Penggunaan pestisida merupakan salah satu sumber pencemar yang potensial bagi sumberdaya dan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran pestisida pada lahan perikanan budidaya di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Penelitian diawali dengan penentuan lokasi, dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan contoh (air, sedimen, biota air), preparasi, identifikasi, dan analisis data, serta pelaporan. Analisis contoh menggunakan alat Gas Chromatograph (GC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lahan perikanan air tawar di daerah Sukabumi terdapat residu pestisida dari golongan organoklorin, organofosfat, piretroid, dan karbamat dengan konsentrasi di bawah Batas Maksimal Residu (BMR). Jenis dan konsentrasi residu pestisida tersebut yang terbesar terdapat pada ikan, kemudian di dalam tanah dan yang terakhir adalah dalam air.
Szczęście obozów
Authors: Pakos Barbara
Published: October 2016

Artykuł dotyczy przeżywania szczęścia w sytuacjach skrajnie trudnych, podczas pobytu w sowieckich lub hitlerowskich obozach. Autorka tekstu zastanawia się, czy jest możliwe doświadczenie radości w takich warunkach, ale również czy możemy szczęście rozumieć jako ulotne chwile, niezwiązane w żaden sposób z dobrym, pomyślnym życiem. Wspomnienia więźniów są świadectwem, że jest to możliwe. Chwile szczęścia i radości miały ogromną wartość, pomagały więźniom przeżyć.
Szczęście społeczeństwa nowego kapitalizmu według Richarda Sennetta
Authors: Janas Agnieszka
Published: October 2016

Współczesne społeczeństwo, zarówno w wymiarze globalnym, jak i poszczególnych społeczeństw krajów wysoko rozwiniętych, określone zostało mianem społeczeństwa nowego kapitalizmu. Jednym z jego charakterystycznych wymiarów jest postrzeganie człowieka przede wszystkim jako konsumenta, któremu sprzedać można wszystko: nie tylko dobra materialne, lecz także osoby, idee i wartości. Współczesne społeczeństwa krajów wysoko uprzemysłowionych postrzegają szczęście przez pryzmat posiadanych dóbr materialnych, a środkiem do jego osiągnięcia są pieniądze. Ludzie nie dostrzegają problemów płynących z kryzysu wartości niematerialnych, bez których szczęście człowieka nie jest możliwe, takich jak: rodzina, empatia oraz trwałe relacje międzyludzkie oparte na tolerancji i szacunku. Poruszane przez Richarda Sennetta problemy są również obecne w społeczeństwie polskim. Sennett uważa za niezbędne podjęcie szeroko zakrojonej i wytrwałej działalności edukacyjnej, szczególnie wśród młodego pokolenia, które jeśli zostanie odpowiednio wychowane – przygotowane, nie podda się łatwo lansowanemu modelowi szczęścia, a z drugiej strony wprowadzi do niego konieczne zmiany, tak by odpowiadało ono rzeczywistym pragnieniom ludzkim.
Thoughts About Greg Curt
Authors: Chabner Bruce A.
Published: October 2016

The life of Greg Curt is recollected through personal and professional memories. He is remembered for a distinguished career, including the creation of Project Data Sphere, and for his diplomatic skills, bringing together government, industry partners, and academia to initiate collaborative trials.
Chromosome aberrations frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes in young tobacco smoking and non-smoking people
Authors: Haverić Anja , Haverić Sanin , Ibrulj Slavka
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is associated with severe health problems, especially cancers. In addition, cigarette smoking causes different genotoxic effects. Chromosome aberrations are one of well-known intermediate end points in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes between young smokers and non-smokes groups.Methods: The study was conducted with 30 smokers (average age 26.93 years) and 30 non-smokers (average age 26.96 years), and included the analysis of 100 metaphases per each blood sample. Differences in the arithmetic means of determined frequencies of chromosome aberrations were tested by two-tailed t-test for independent samples with the significance level of p < 0.05.Results: The results showed a significant increase in the frequencies of chromatid-type aberrations and total structural chromosome aberrations in smoker group. Frequencies of numerical aberrations did not differ significantly between two groups.Conclusions: This study confirmed genotoxicity of cigarette smoking and provided new evidence about its clastogenic activity.
Identification of Antioxidant Compounds Structure Large-Leafed Mangrove Fruit
Authors: Sudirman Sabri , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Jacoeb Agoes Mardiono
Published: October 2016

Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit or prevent the oxidation of the easily oxidized substrate.
One of the plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity is large-leafed
mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). This plant is commonly found in the Pacific region of Southeast Asia,
Ryukyu Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (Samoa) to subtropical regions of Australia and has been used
by the society. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds structure of large-leafed mangrove
has the highest antioxidant activity. The compound structure prediction was done by Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR). The compound structure in the selected antioxidant fractions are flavonol, glikosilfalvon
and flavon. Those three compounds are flavonoid compound which has a great role as the one that has
antioxidant activity in large-leafed mangrove fruit.
Turismo Comunitario, Alternativa De Desarrollo Turístico Estudio De Caso: Producto Turístico Para La Comunidad Paquiestancia, Parroquia San José De Ayora, Cantón Cayambe, Provincia De Pichincha - Ecuador
Authors: Chávez Velásquez Carlos Renato , Carrasco Baquero Juan Carlos , Aguirre Merino Christiam , Novoa Guaján Polo Wilfrido
Published: October 2016

Ecuador has a variety of attractions that highlight the scenic beauty and diversity of flora and fauna, the warmth of its people and its cultural heritage has made of Ecuador a tourist destination that is worth to visiting and admiring. It is a tourist destination in constant growth that generates the need to create new tourism products, so community tourism is an option of tourism that integrate communities with visitors from an intercultural perspective, ensuring the proper use of tourist resources. This research proposes to carry out in a first stage the design of a community tourism product in the province of Pichincha, Paquiestancia community, through the inventory of natural and cultural attractions using the methodology of MINTUR 2004 and the INPC; 2011. Followed by the market study, analyzing the demand and supply in the sector, applying surveys after defining the sample for national and international tourists, in which was obtained the tastes and preferences of visitors, which allows designing tour packages according to their requirements. Finally for the operation of this product, were designed four packages, which intended to encourage and maintain traditions to the community, generating social, economic and environmental benefits for sustainable development.
Color in Films: a Critical Overview
Authors: Costa Maria Helena Braga e Vaz da
Published: October 2016

The use of color in cinema involves explanations and associations at different levels: (1) the physical, in the way that color can affect the viewer giving him/her a more or less pleasing feeling; (2) the psychological, because color can stimulate psychological responses; and (3) the aesthetic, because colors can be chosen selectively according to the effect they can produce, considering their balance, proportion and composition within the film. This article will consider these three characteristics of color and some film examples, in order to discuss about the role of color in cinema.
BAYESIAN CLUSTERING OF INDONESIAN RICE GERMPLASM
Authors: Utami Dwinita W
Published: October 2016

Model-based clustering where the inference on the parameters follow the Bayesian principle has been used to cluster 467 accessions of Indonesian rice germplasm which consist of released varieties, landraces, introduction lines, improved lines and wild species. A model-based Bayesian cluster analysis of genotype data can be used to evaluate the genetic backgrounds of rice populations of interest. Such analyses can be used to infer population structure, assign individuals to sub populations, and to study hybrid populations. Thus, the goal of this research was to examine the genotype data of numerous accession of rice germplasm using the model bayesian cluster analysis. The 1536 SNP-chip design was performed for genome scanning of the accession using the high throughput genotyping platform, the data of which were used for clustering. The result indicated that the germplasm can be clustered into five cluster based on similarities on genetic profile, i.e. similarities in gene frequencies across genome among individuals. Each cluster can be identified by reference lines, i.e. the lines or varieties that their genetic profile uniquely belong to one cluster and do not have or very rare introgression from lines or varieties of other clusters. Many introgressions have been identified among lines in all clusters which indicated that most of Indonesia rice germplasm, including local and introduced varieties were the results of crosses that occurred either in naturally fixation or breeding program activities that crossed one line/varieties to the others. There is also cluster in which no reference line and almost all lines/varieties in that cluster are known to have same common specific phenotype, e.g. aromatic.
Reduced-Polymer-Loading, High-Temperature Fracturing Fluids by Use of Nanocrosslinkers
Authors: Liang Feng , Al-Muntasheri Ghaithan , Ow Hooisweng , Cox Jason
Published: October 2016

In the quest to discover more natural-gas resources, considerable attention has been devoted to finding and extracting gas locked within tight formations with permeability in the nano- to microdarcy range. The main challenges associated with working in such formations are the intrinsically high-temperature and high-pressure bottom conditions. For formations with bottomhole temperatures at approximately 350–400°F, traditional hydraulic-fracturing fluids that use crosslinked polysaccharide gels, such as guar and its derivatives, are not suitable because of significant polymer breakdown in this temperature range. Fracturing fluids that can work at these temperatures require thermally stable synthetic polymers such as acrylamide-based polymers. However, such polymers have to be used at very-high concentrations to suspend proppants. The high-polymer concentrations make it very difficult to completely degrade at the end of a fracturing operation. As a consequence, formation damage by polymer residue can reduce formation conductivity to gas flow.

This paper addresses the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art high-temperature fracturing fluids and focuses on developing a less-damaging, high-temperature-stable fluid that can be used at temperatures up to 400°F. A laboratory study was conducted with this novel system, which comprises a synthetic acrylamide-based copolymer gelling agent and is capable of being crosslinked with an amine-containing polymer-coated nanosized particulate crosslinker (nanocrosslinker). The laboratory data have demonstrated that the temperature stability of the crosslinked fluid is much better than that of a similar fluid lacking the nanocrosslinker. The nanocrosslinker allows the novel fluid system to operate at significantly lower polymer concentrations (25–45 lbm/1,000 gal) compared with current commercial fluid systems (50–87 lbm/1,000 gal) designed for temperatures from 350 to 400°F. This paper presents results from rheological studies that demonstrate superior crosslinking performance and thermal stability in this temperature range. This fracturing-fluid system has sufficient proppant-carrying viscosity, and allows for efficient cleanup by use of an oxidizer-type breaker. Low polymer loading and little or no polymer residue are anticipated to facilitate efficient cleanup, reduced formation damage, better fluid conductivity, and enhanced production rates. Laboratory results from proppant-pack regained-conductivity tests are also presented.
Efficiency Improvement of Exploratory Well Testing in the Cased Hole Using Compact DST.
Authors: Leskin F. Y. , Akhmadishin A. T. , Katunova D. M.
Published: October 2016

Formation testing is a complex of technological operations in oil wells associated with round-trip operation, creation of differential pressure drawdown, multicyclic stimulation treatment and downhole sampling of formation fluid with registration of diagrams of temperature and pressure changes in the downhole and well tube.

The purpose of exploration wells testing is to get the inflow curve and pressure build up curve.

The formation testing in cased borehole allows to: –confirm fluid saturation of reservoir rocks–Investigate the patterns of reservoir properties changes in the near-wellbore and remote areas–define the boundaries of intervals with different fluid saturation in the penetrated stratigraphic sequence–determine formation pressure and hydrodynamic reservoir characteristics–evaluate the initial flow rates of oil, gas and reservoir water–evaluate the hydrocarbon reserves and the potential of the studied horizons.

However, the most commonly used formation test methods do not allow to fully solve the performance targets during well testing process. In order to receive a correct data during testing it is necessary to use modern technology, such as the formation tester tools.

There are a number of criteria for determining the success or failure of the reservoir well testing. Thus, the test oil-bearing formation should be considered high-quality and complete, if the following conditions have been fulfilled: –formation fluid is raised in the tubes to the surface, the fluid sample is collected–there are clear lines of recording of the zero line, the curve of flow period and the pressure build-up curve–The sealing of tubing or drill pipes confirmed by manometers data–The formation test tasks were solved fully or partially

On the basis of these success criteria has been analyzed material of the formation test in exploration and appraisal wells in the column at the Krasnoleninskoe oil, gas and condensate field (OGCF).
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Emulsification and Heavy Metal Detoxification Potentials of Sophorolipid Biosurfactants Produced from Waste Substrates using Yeast and Mushroom.
Authors: Ahuekwe E. F. , Okoli B. E. , Stanley H. O. , Kinigoma B..
Published: October 2016

Insolubility challenges have reduced the efficiency and rate of environmental bioremediation of hydrophobic pollutants occurring in hydrocarbons, soil and water environments. As biosurfactants, sophorolipids possess the unique capacity of activity at the interface of immiscible liquids or solid-liquid phases, thus reducing surface and interfacial tensions through emulsification, dispersion, foaming and wetting, with advantages of stability, ecological acceptability and ability to be produced from renewable and cheaper substrates. In light of the above, this study was aimed at assessing the hydrocarbons emulsification and heavy metals detoxification efficiencies of sophorolipid biosurfactants produced from harvested mushrooms and yeasts isolated from a hydrocarbon contaminated site in Obohia, Abia State, Nigeria. Isolates were cultured on an optimized media fortified with agro-industrial waste substrates of rice bran and food industry waste oil as hydrophilic and hydrophobic sources of carbon, respectively. However sophorolipids production from the yeast, Candida bombicola, was confirmed by the emulsification index after 24 h, surface tension (ST), FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS analyses. Solubilization of selected hydrocarbons (used engine oil, kerosene, unused engine oil, diesel and crude oil) was observed with percentage emulsification activities at 60.7, 56.7, 46.9, 44.8 and 40.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, various concentrations of chromium, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium salt solutions incubated with culture supernatants of sophorolipids for 24 h were observed to remove 43.41% chromium from a 10mg/l salt solution and 23.11( Cr), 9.93 ( Pb), 7.29 (Zn), 4.96 (Cu) and 15.71 (Cd) from the highly toxic 70 mg/L salt solutions upon analysis via atomic absorption spectrometry. Our results indicate that sophorolipid biosurfactants could enhance the rate of bioremediation efficiency by emulsifying, solubilizing and detoxifying environmental contaminations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals respectively. Sophorolipids of agro-industrial waste origin possess good surface-active properties that can facilitate the solubilization, dispersion and desorption of hydrophobic environmental contaminants for microbial uptake and bioremediation.
Deepwater Ghana Abandoned and Suspended Wells Monitoring and Verification Process; A Basis for Prevention of Future Unwanted Environmental Leakages of Wellbore Fluids
Authors: Addy R.. , Lawson F.. , Turnbull H..
Published: October 2016

In the new oil province of Ghana, numerous deep water exploration and appraisal wells have accumulated over recent years, particularly since the first major oil discovery in 2007. Different operators have been involved and different technical standards applied in Well suspension and/or abandonment mainly to suit company requirements and individual well circumstances. In the meantime, government and environmental regulators have been working with operators to determine what legislative framework is needed in Ghana to underpin these important environmental requirements; the key criteria being safely abandoned or suspended wells that will not leak hydrocarbons or other wellbore fluids to shallow formations and/or the marine environment in the very long term.

This paper discusses the process used by one major operator in Ghana to verify and monitor the status of suspended and abandoned wells. It will also discuss how considerations around well integrity are managed right from the design stage through to construction, production and abandonment phases. It is a process that has evolved with industry best practice. It is based on international standards and involves third party independent well examination as a key component. Important well integrity concepts such as the ‘ownership’ of legacy wells and the dangers of ‘orphan wells’ are considered.

A specific example of well abandonment in Ghana is briefly discussed and the key documentation underpinning a Well integrity management system is demonstrated. To date the system can be said to be effective since no environmental leaks have been recorded though the true test will be for future generations to review this environmental record 100 years from now.

Some information from this paper was previously presented at the SPE Applied Technical Workshop Accra during April 2015 "Assuring Well Integrity in a Diverse Environment".
Fifteen-Year Accident Causation Assessment of the Petroleum Industry in South and Central America Using Statistical Correlations
Authors: Theophilus S. C. , Bassey B. O. , Ajare T. O. , Baroni A. S. , Odigie O. P. , Asogwa D..
Published: October 2016

In an era of low oil prices, reducing lost time injuries and other consequences of accidents become more attractive than ever. This paper undertook quantitative and qualitative assessment of occupational accidents that occurred in the upstream petroleum industry of South and Central America from 2000 to 2014. Accident reports culled from IOGP database were coded using a 5-tier system in the HFACS model, exported to Excel spreadsheets, then to SPSS and comprehensive correlations run to test the reliability of the coded data and establish inter-relationships between the 19 variables in the HFACS model. Decision-based error was found to have a correlation coefficient of 0.558 with planned inappropriate operations, personal readiness 0.530 and 0.533 with supervisory violations and physical mental condition, respectively, and perceptual error 0.609 with physical environment. These and other results obtained were compared with established benchmarks, explanations made for a few deviations from expected trends and the significance of obtained results discussed. Inferences were thus drawn and recommendations proposed for health and safety management systems that would avert similar accidents in the future. The research validates human error as a prominent causal factor of major accidents in the area under review as the data acquired, processed and interpreted closely corroborate the initial hypothesis, classical accident theories and the findings of a good number of previous works in the literature. Incorporation and sustenance of a robust personnel and process safety culture was therefore recommended for the entire life cycle of oil and gas facilities; from conceptual design to decommissioning, in South and Central America.