bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The biological roots of private ownership?
Authors: Vančatová Marina , Vančata Václav
Published: June 2018

Formy vlastnictví některých objektů a jejich význam mohou být velmi variabilní, a to jak v různých lidských společnostech, tak i u ostatních primátů, zejména u velkých lidoopů. Sociální organizace lidoopů se liší v mnoha ohledech od většiny lidských společností. Naše studie lidoopů v zajetí by nám mohla pomoci vyřešit, zda mají lidoopi tendenci vlastnit libovolný objekt, nebo ne. Pozorování byla provedena ve dvou zoologických zahradách v České republice - Zoo Dvůr Králové a v Zoo Praha. Všechna popsaná pozorování prokázala skutečnost, že tendence k vlastnění objektů nesouvisejících s potravou existuje nezávisle na sobě u šimpanzů, goril a orangutanů. Velmi podobné údaje pro lidoopy chované v zajetí i pro divoce žijící lidoopy potvrzují, že tento typ chování není náhodný. To bylo opakovaně prokázáno u všech tří pozorovaných druhů lidoopů. Naše studie prokázaly, že existuje možnost interpretovat dlouhodobé individuální vlastnictví objektů během nepotravních aktivit u lidoopů i jako způsob osobního vlastnění těchto objektů.
Educación musical en Portugal durante la Primera República (1910-1926)
Authors: Borralhinho Bruno
Published: June 2018

El movimiento republicano eclosionó en Portugal en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, seguramente impulsado por una asimilación natural —aunque tardía en comparación con otros países europeos— de los valores que sucedieron al Antiguo Régimen, pero sobretodo en un contexto de desgaste del bipartidismo de la monarquía constitucional portuguesa. La corona intenta contener la inestabilidad política incluso con soluciones gubernamentales autoritarias, pero el regicidio de 1908 en el que fallecen el rey D. Carlos y el príncipe heredero Luís Filipe, acaban por ser un presagio a la caída de la monarquía dos años después. El día 5 de octubre de 1910, como de cierto modo se esperaba, triunfa finalmente la revolución republicana y el país registra una serie de transformaciones sociales y políticas relevantes, aunque en muchos casos la revolución no representó un corte súbito con el pasado, pero sí la confirmación de una fase de transición y transformación de la sociedad portuguesa en el ámbito cultural y artístico. El sector musical —este artículo se refiere exclusivamente a la música clásica, comúnmente conocida por música vocal e instrumental occidental, excluyendo sectores paralelos como la música electrónica o el jazz, por ejemplo— no fue ajeno a esas transformaciones, y este texto investiga algunos casos paradigmáticos del clima novedoso y efervescente de la Primera República, también reveladores de una cierta inestabilidad e incoherencia de un tiempo más distinguido por sus expectativas que por sus logros.
Children, Propaganda and War, 1914-1918: An exploration of visual archives in English city
Authors: Grosvenor Ian , Roberts Siân
Published: June 2018

Desde 2014 ha habido a lo largo de Europa diversos programas conmemorativos de los acontecimientos que marcaron la Gran Guerra de 1914-1918. Uno de estos eventos fue la temprana exposición de fotografías Paris 14-18, la guerre au quotidien que tuvo lugar en la Galerie des Bibliothéques de París. Todas las fotografías habían sido tomadas por Charles Lansiaux, y versaban sobre la vida cotidiana en la ciudad desde el reclutamiento y salida de los soldados franceses a las celebraciones de la victoria en 1918. La exposición señalaba, de manera importante, el hecho de que la Gran Guerra fue el primer conflicto en el que las experiencias de la población civil fueron visualmente documentadas de manera extensa. Además, como se indicaba en la publicidad de la exposición, «La presencia recurrente de grupos de niños en estas fotografías revela el nuevo lugar que les corresponde en los comienzos del siglo XX». Tomando como guía esta exposición, este artículo investigará las experiencias de los niños, durante el tiempo de guerra, en una ciudad inglesa, concretamente Birmingham, y cómo fueron visualmente captados. En particular, nos centraremos en documentar y analizar las conexiones entre la representación de la infancia en guerra, la propaganda y la promoción del patriotismo.
«‘Invisible schools’. The public image of rural schools in Southern Italy in photographic inquiries and photo-reportages (1925-55)
Authors: Meda Juri
Published: June 2018

La difusión de una determinada imagen pública de las escuelas rurales —desde siempre las escuelas más pobres y desfavorecidas— ha sido utilizada frecuentemente por las clases dirigentes y/o los partidos políticos de la oposición para documentar la tasa de modernización y/o de atraso del sistema educativo nacional, de acuerdo con las respectivas necesidades propagandísticas. El artículo ―moviéndose entre las primeras encuestas fotográficas realizadas en las regiones del Sur de Italia por asociaciones meridionalistas en los años 20 y los reportajes fotoperiodísticos publicados en algunas revistas en los años 50, pasando por la cesura fascista― pretende estudiar las alteraciones de la imagen pública de este tipo particular de escuelas comprobables en Italia en el período de tiempo indicado a través del análisis de fotografías escolares publicadas en periódicos diarios y revistas, centrándose en el uso propagandístico que de las mismas se hizo a lo largo de treinta años.
Rafael Ballester y su manual de historia de España: un ejemplo de la renovación didáctica de inicios del siglo XX
Authors: Valls Rafael
Published: June 2018

Sin lugar a dudas, la faceta profesional e intelectual más destacada de las distintas actividades desarrolladas por el catedrático de bachillerato Rafael Ballester, a lo largo de los tres primeros decenios del siglo XX, es la de ser autor de manuales escolares, algunos de ellos con un éxito ampliamente reconocido. Su figura es una clara muestra de las preocupaciones, empeños y desvelos de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza por la mejora de la enseñanza de la historia y de la geografía en España. Sus otras facetas, como historiador de la educación, como investigador de la metodología científica y didáctica de la geografía y como pionero en los estudios de la historiografía histórica quedan un tanto empalidecidas frente a la pujanza de sus aportaciones como autor de manuales escolares de historia y de geografía.
Fotografía y representación de la escuela privada madrileña en el franquismo. Entre la propaganda y el relato
Authors: Ramos Zamora Sara , Rabazas Romero Teresa , Colmenar Orzaes Carmen
Published: June 2018

El uso de las fotografías como fuentes para la Historia de la Educación forma parte de una de las tendencias de la historiografía contemporánea que ha adquirido un mayor protagonismo en la actualidad. Este artículo se va a centrar en el valor de las imágenes como fuente histórica para conocer algunos elementos representativos de algunos centros escolares privados madrileños durante el periodo franquista. El análisis de la investigación ha girado en torno a las representaciones más características de estos centros, destacando los espacios, la religiosidad, la enseñanza y las actividades como elementos de identidad y distinción: museos, exposiciones escolares, deportes, asociaciones y actividades artísticas. La principal fuente de documentación ha sido el archivo fotográfico perteneciente a la colección de memorias de prácticas conservadas en el Fondo Anselmo Romero Marín del Museo de Historia de la Educación «Manuel Bartolomé Cossío» de la Universidad Complutense.
Imagen de la infancia e idea de la educación en la guerra de España (1936-1939)
Authors: Rubio Mayoral Juan Luis , Trigueros Gordillo Guadalupe
Published: June 2018

Esta investigación tiene por objeto valorar la integración de la fotografía como fuente primaria documental. Se aplica al estudio de la relación establecida entre la imagen de la infancia y la idea de la educación durante el período 1936-1940 para determinar sus limitaciones y desarrollar procesos de interpretación rigurosos que permitan una óptima integración de la información generada en la escritura de la historia. El método de estudio aplica un modelo integrador en el que se manejan bases científicas y principios de análisis interdisciplinar que hacen posible cristalizar un procedimiento de síntesis. Para interpretar el contenido de la imagen fotográfica, se parte de la formulación de problemas de investigación cuya resolución enriquece el conocimiento del pasado a la vez que moldea una idea más completa de la realidad que fue. La imagen de la educación proyectada por ambas facciones en conflicto, generó una idea que sin duda debe ser contrastada con la realidad a partir de los hechos y evidencias documentales existentes.  Entre ellas, los reportajes fotográficos e imágenes que captaron la infancia durante la guerra de España.  Su agrupación, selección y estudio se completa con el empleo que se hizo de su imagen en el Pabellón Español (Paris, 1937) para constatar la intencionalidad con que fueron construidos los discursos gráficos sobre la idea de la infancia y de la educación en función de los intereses y principios en defensa de su propia idea de revolución por cada uno de los bandos y grupos inmersos en el conflicto civil.
Historias de vida en educación musical. Ana Lucía Frega: formación e influencias
Authors: Sarfson Gleizer Susana
Published: June 2018

Este artículo se enmarca dentro de la investigación en el ámbito de la historia de la educación musical, y tiene el propósito de rescatar algunas memorias de la Dra. Ana Lucía Frega (Buenos Aires, 1935), pedagoga musical con varias décadas de trayectoria profesional, cuya influencia en la didáctica de la música se extiende internacionalmente. La perspectiva que se emplea en este artículo es cualitativa, con elementos de investigación etnográfica; los datos se recogen mediante entrevistas, y se triangula la información con otras fuentes (bibliográficas, hemerográficas, entrevistas breves a otras personas). Se busca indagar en el punto de partida de su desarrollo profesional internacional y comprender cómo su contacto con insignes maestros (Maurice Martenot, Oliver Messiaen, Arnold Bentley) pudo influir en su perspectiva personal en el ejercicio de la profesión docente y como formadora de profesorado de música e investigadores. Su presencia en la International Society of Music Education (ISME), de la cual fue Presidente, potenció su influencia en ámbitos gubernamentales, tanto en su propio país como en otros. La Historia de la Educación se construye, entre otros elementos, con las contribuciones de maestros y maestras reconocidos, y en este sentido este trabajo busca comprender el propio punto de vista de una de ellas, plasmado en sus recuerdos y reflexiones personales acerca de su propia formación musical y sus primeras etapas profesionales, en las que la interacción social fue importante para la consolidación de sus logros.
Política y educación en el estado autonómico
Authors: Ramírez Aísa Elías
Published: June 2018

Reseña del libro Jaime Antonio Foces Gil. Política y educación en el estado autonómico. (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales, 2017)
Contributos dos Estudos de Tendências Para a Definição do Target da Marca de Moda
Authors:   Universidade da Beira Interior, Craveiro Sofia Costa , Oliveira Fernando Jorge Matias Sanches ,   Universidade de Lisboa
Published: June 2018

Compreender as atuais dinâmicas de influência social e as motivações de consumo permite adequar os conteúdos e de tal forma a que estes possam ser totalmente criados a pensar no seu consumidor final.Assim, a revisão de literatura de temáticas de Moda, Branding e Estudos de Tendências conduz ao cruzamento e seleção de informação que, no seu todo, irá permitir compreender e definir o target, por meio da definição de uma persona, que representa o público ideal da marca. Esta persona funciona como uma representação do público-alvo ideal. Procura-se, assim, estudar o público e suas motivações de forma profunda em primeiro lugar, para depois poder criar produtos e marcas a ele direcionados. Neste âmbito, este artigo denomina-se “Contributos dos Estudos de Tendências Para a Definição do Target da Marca de Moda”, e consiste numa exploração específica do Projecto de Mestrado “Contributos dos Estudos de Tendências Para A Criação da Identidade Visual De Uma Marca de Moda” de [omitido para revisão cega] (2017).
Sustentabilidade como uma Tendência no Mercado da Moda
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Breve Danilo Gondim , Gonzaga Liliane da Silva , Mendes Francisca Dantas
Published: June 2018

Os temas relacionados à sustentabilidade têm crescido significativamente nos últimos tempos em todas as áreas de estudos e de atuação mercadológica. Neste contexto, a indústria da moda, uma das mais poluentes do mundo, vem promovendo mudanças no modo de operação de suas atividades, buscando encontrar soluções dentro de uma cadeia complexa, objetivando administrar de maneira eficaz as conseqüências ocasionadas na sociedade em detrimento da sua atividade. A partir de um estudo qualitativo bibliográfico, este trabalho busca identificar a sustentabilidade como uma tendência atual no mercado da moda, visto que é um tema em ascensão na área acadêmica e mercadológica, analisando as questões envolvidas e também marcas de moda autointituladas sustentáveis.
O Uso da Informação no Processo Criativo de Design: análise da aplicação de tendências de moda em empresas autorais na cidade de Recife
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pontes Maria Débora Fernandes , Rocha Maria Alice Vasconcelos ,   Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem por finalidade apresentar uma análise acerca das etapas iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de moda-vestuário, buscando delinear como as informações são utilizadas pelo designer, como profissional responsável pela criação. Tendo como locus de pesquisa a cidade de Recife e como objeto de investigação empresas do setor criativo de Design de Moda (vestuário, calçados e acessórios), é apresentado como questão norteadora a seguinte abordagem: como os profissionais da Indústria Criativa de Moda conciliam criatividade e inspiração com as informações que lhes são externas, tais como tendências de moda e de mercado, no processo de criação desse setor? A partir de um levantamento de caráter exploratório e descritivo, fundamentado em entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento criativo nas empresas, foi possível levantar considerações sobre o processo criativo desses profissionais e os mecanismos que envolvem o exercício constante que envolve a manutenção de informações estratégicas na elaboração de projetos criativos.
Storytelling e Identidade de Marca: estudo de caso da marca portuguesa Josefinas
Authors:   Centro Universitário Católica de Santa Catarina, Schneider Thaissa , Pereira Laura Pedri ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
Published: June 2018

O artigo visa analisar a utilização do storytelling na construção da identidade de marcas e apresenta um estudo de caso da marca portuguesa de calçados femininos Josefinas, na qual é possível perceber que, a partir do desenvolvimento do storytelling, a identidade da marca foi desenvolvida, e as demais estratégias de comunicação também utilizam fortemente esta estratégia. A marca tem posicionamento no mercado de luxo e desenvolve as “sabrinas”, peça chave da marca, que são sapatilhas inspiradas nos calçados das bailarinas. A empresa também desenvolve mocassins, sapatilhas, acessórios para calçados e bolsas, que são produzidos com altíssima qualidade, num atelier com 10 artesãos, situado na cidade de Braga, em Portugal. Para a elaboração deste artigo, a pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, além de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e um estudo de caso.
Cenários Futuros para o Desenvolvimento de Coleção de Moda Slow: estudo de caso Brisa Slow Fashion
Authors:   Laureate Education, Perini Anerose
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo trás como pronto de partida cenários futuros para insights de design no desenvolvimento sustentável. Para isso usa-se da marca de moda feminina Brisa Slow Fashion e seu desenvolvimento de coleção. São traçadas questões referentes a tendências e megatendências sustentáveis, além do desenvolvimento de moda eco desde sua ideação até o fim do ciclo de vida do produto. Esta discussão delineia-se por uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, que tem como base o estudo de caso da marca citada anteriormente. Os objetivo principal é desenvolver possibilidades de ação da marca em cenários possíveis no espaço de tempo entre 5 a 15 anos.
Incertidumbre laboral y salud mental: una revisión meta-analítica de las consecuencias del trabajo precario en trastornos mentales
Authors: Llosa-Fernández José Antonio , Menéndez-Espina Sara , Agulló-Tomás Esteban , Rodríguez-Suárez Julio
Published: June 2018

Faced with the growing instability resulting from the world economic crisis, job insecurity gains relevance in the study of occupational health. In order to analyse the consequences of job insecurity on mental health, a reference document is provided including the empirical research advances in the current framework. This systematic review follows a meta-analytical technique through 56 independent samples with 53,405 participants in total. The analysis offers a significant correlation between subjective job insecurity and mental health. Thus, it has been found that job insecurity is related to the risk or presence of depression, anxiety and emotional exhaustion, as well as to general low satisfaction with life, international comparisons are made, and negative results among workers regardless of the economic situation of the countries are highlighted, too. Moreover, methodological and conceptual contributions have been made in terms of the quality of the metrics applied. Job insecurity appears as a major problem for workers’ mental health, generating devastating effects on all kind of professional profiles and economic contexts. 
Emotional Intelligence and its role in Cognitive Flexibility of Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Amin Yazdi Seyed Amir , Moshirian Farahi Seyedeh Maryam , Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Hosseini Javad
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to compare role of emotional intelligence in cognitive flexibility of children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants were 20 children (mean age = 10.25, SD = 2.12) with ADHD and 30 normal children (mean age = 10.96, SD = 1.32) that all of they were boy. All participants completed the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Schutte et al., 1998) and the classic Stroop test, as a measure of cognitive flexibility.  ADHD children performed poorer on both measures than non-ADHD children.  And emotional intelligence predictors of cognitive flexibility in two groups. Overall, in children with attention deficit – hyperactivity disorder there are low performance of emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility.
Relationship among sociodemographic and sport variables, exercise dependence, and burnout: a preliminary study in athletes
Authors: Reche Cristina , De Francisco Cristina , Martínez-Rodríguez Alejandro , Ros-Martínez Almudena
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of exercise dependence and athlete burnout and their relationship between them and among demographic and sport characteristics in 449 athletes, 320 males and 129 females (Age: M= 19.71, SD= 6.62). All of them replied the Spanish versions of Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R) and reduced version of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). The results showed a risk of exercise dependence in 8.7% of the athletes, with statistically significant differences in age (a greater exercise dependence was found in athletes under the age of 18 years old), not in gender, sport dedication and type of sport. Regarding burnout, measured through its three dimensions, the data showed 4% for emotional/physical exhaustion (EFE) and 4.9% for sport devaluation (SD) and reduced sense of accomplishment (RSA). Men and team-sport athletes showed a greater RSA. Men and athletes over the age of 18 also showed more DS. As for sport dedication, participants who spent less time training had higher levels of RSA, whereas those who dedicated more time, had higher levels of EFE. Finally, the relationship between exercise dependence and burnout showed that all dimensions of burnout correlated positively with exercise dependence. 
Interaction between the variety of negative stimuli and the type of go/no-go procedure.
Authors: Polín Eduardo , Pérez Vicente
Published: June 2018

Two experiments were carried out in order to compare the speed of acquisition of visual simple discriminations by pigeons depending on whether the negative stimuli could vary trial by trial (varied condition) or it was always the same stimulus (constant condition). In the first experiment, the subjects were randomly assigned to the conditions and then exposed to a go/no-go procedure in which “no-go” trials were also reinforced. Subsequently, the subjects changed from one condition to the other and were exposed to a new discrimination. In the second experiment, two discriminations were arranged in the same way as in the previous experiment, but, this time, “no-go” trials were not reinforced. In Experiment 1, the acquisition was slower in the varied condition. In Experiment 2, this effect was only observed when the subjects were exposed to the varied condition in the second discrimination. These results suggest, on one hand, that the variety of negative stimuli is an important variable to be considered. And, on the other hand, that the resulting effect on acquisition might be strongly sensitive to the kind of procedure that is used.
Évaluation du Plan d’action en santé mentale (2005-2015) : intégration et performance des réseaux de services
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée , Grenier Guy , Bamvita Jean-Marie , Vallée Catherine , Farand Lambert , Chiocchio François
Published: June 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’un programme de recherche visant à : 1) évaluer l’implantation de la réforme en santé mentale (SM) et ses facteurs favorisant ou entravant dans 11 réseaux locaux de services et la performance d’équipe en SM ; 2) cerner dans quatre réseaux les processus influençant la qualité des services d’équipe ; 3) analyser dans ces mêmes réseaux les effets des structures et des processus d’équipe sur les usagers. Les objectifs de la réforme en SM n’ont été que partiellement atteints dans les réseaux. Les résultats montrent qu’une plus grande utilisation d’outils et d’approches cliniques et des interactions fréquentes entre les équipes et les organisations améliorent la performance. De même, divers processus d’équipe comme l’autonomie, la participation aux processus décisionnels et le partage des connaissances incitent à la performance des professionnels et à la qualité des services. L’intensité des besoins des usagers réduit la capacité des services à répondre aux besoins. Enfin, le rétablissement et la qualité de vie sont fortement corrélés à la continuité et à la diversité des services offerts. Différentes recommandations sont formulées afin d’améliorer les services dont la promotion de cultures organisationnelles plus orientées sur les résultats et la collaboration, le soutien et la formation des professionnels sur l’intégration de pratiques basées sur les données probantes, l’augmentation de l’autonomie des professionnels et leur implication dans les décisions, ainsi que la formalisation de stratégies d’intégration. Enfin, un soutien biopsychosocial diversifié et continu d’intensité variable est recommandé pour améliorer le rétablissement et la qualité de vie des usagers.
Tisser des liens pour aider des sans-abri : des relations de première ligne en action
Authors: Farinas Luc
Published: June 2018

Les intervenants de première ligne participent parfois à des relations interorganisationnelles pendant leurs tâches quotidiennes dans l’aide aux sans-abri. Ces praticiens publics et communautaires agissent pour créer, maintenir et interrompre ces liens dans des conditions particulières. Le cas du rôle de liaison de l’Équipe Itinérance permet d’illustrer comment ils procèdent pour tisser leurs relations à Montréal. En adoptant une approche interactionniste et en misant sur leurs perspectives, cet article explore et documente le travail relationnel nécessaire à leur accomplissement. Cela peut éclairer la complexité de leur capacité de coordination et d’organisation qui peut permettre de composer avec celle de l’itinérance.
Attachement amoureux, symptômes dépressifs et comportements suicidaires en contexte de rupture amoureuse
Authors: Brassard Audrey , St-Laurent Dubé Marianne , Gehl Kristin , Lecomte Tania
Published: June 2018

Les ruptures amoureuses et les divorces sont de plus en plus fréquents en Occident. La rupture d’une relation amoureuse est une épreuve difficile qui génère une détresse émotionnelle importante. Certains individus vivant une rupture peuvent même poser un geste suicidaire. Le lien entre la rupture amoureuse et le comportement suicidaire est bien documenté, mais d’autres facteurs de risque sont moins connus. La présente étude a investigué le rôle des insécurités d’attachement amoureux (anxiété d’abandon, évitement de l’intimité) dans la survenue des symptômes dépressifs et des comportements suicidaires (pensées et tentatives) à la suite d’une rupture. Pour ce faire, 50 adultes ayant vécu une rupture amoureuse dans les six derniers mois ont été recrutés auprès d’organismes d’aide ainsi que dans la communauté. Un doctorant formé en crise suicidaire a administré verbalement des échelles validées d’attachement amoureux, de symptômes dépressifs et de comportements suicidaires lors d’une entrevue individuelle. Les résultats des analyses de régression multiple ont montré que l’anxiété d’abandon des adultes vivant une rupture est liée à davantage de symptômes dépressifs, ainsi qu’à la sévérité et l’intensité des idées suicidaires. Ces effets demeurent lorsque l’utilisation du réseau social est contrôlée. L’évitement de l’intimité n’est pas lié à ces variables. Des pistes d’évaluation et d’intervention sont proposées.
Twitter como instrumento para fomentar la participación del profesorado en los cursos formativos
Authors: Berrón Ruiz Elena , Régil López María Victoria
Published: June 2018

The increasing incorporation of new technologies in the education system demands a deep revision in the management processes of the training centers, improving their presence in social networks. The qualitative research presented in this article presents a case study carried out at the Training Center of Teachers and Educational Innovation of Avila (Spain) and pursues two objectives: the first consists in value the usefulness of different strategies to boost and disseminate the training courses through Twitter, while the second seeks to analyze the impact that such dissemination has been on the participation of teachers. The results show that the innovations introduced in the dynamization have aroused the interest of the teachers, increasing the interactions made in the social network and producing a remarkable rise of their participation in the courses.
Gene buddies: linked balanced polymorphisms reinforce each other even in the absence of epistasis
Authors: Tennessen Jacob A.
Published: June 2018

The fates of genetic polymorphisms maintained by balancing selection depend on evolutionary dynamics at linked sites. While coevolution across linked, epigenetically-interacting loci has been extensively explored, such supergenes may be relatively rare. However, genes harboring adaptive variation can occur in close physical proximity while generating independent effects on fitness. Here, I present a model in which two linked loci without epistasis are both under balancing selection for unrelated reasons. Using forward-time simulations, I show that recombination rate strongly influences the retention of adaptive polymorphism, especially for intermediate selection coefficients. A locus is more likely to retain adaptive variation if it is closely linked to another locus under balancing selection, even if the two loci have no interaction. Thus, two linked polymorphisms can both be retained indefinitely even when they would both be lost to drift if unlinked. While these results may be intuitive, they have important implications for genetic architecture: clusters of mutually reinforcing genes may underlie phenotypic variation in natural populations, and such genes cannot be assumed to be functionally associated. Future studies that measure selection coefficients and recombination rates among closely linked genes will be fruitful for characterizing the extent of this phenomenon.
A Prediction Model for the 40‐Year Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis in Adolescent Men
Authors: Magnusson Karin , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Timpka Simon , Englund Martin
Published: June 2018

Objective

To simplify the previously published Nottingham 12‐year risk prediction model for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and examine whether it can be used to predict the 40‐year risk of knee OA in young men.

Methods

Our cohort included 40,118 men who were 18 years of age and had undergone military conscription in Sweden from 1969 to 1970. Diagnostic OA codes were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register for persons registered from 1987 to 2010. The original Nottingham model included as predictors age, sex, body mass index (BMI), knee injury, occupational risk, and family history of OA, with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61–0.79) in the model development sample, and AUC 0.60 (95% CI 0.58–0.63) in an external validation sample. In our sample, we used predictors that were available only in adolescence (age, BMI, and knee injury) and evaluated the discrimination of the simplified model using AUC.

Results

The AUC statistic of the modified knee OA model to predict 40‐year risk was 0.60 (95% CI 0.59–0.61). Hence, using the reduced model, an 18‐year‐old man with a BMI of 30 and a knee injury would have 3 times the risk of developing knee OA within 40 years when compared to a man of similar age having a BMI of 25 and no knee injury (predicted risks 22% and 7%, respectively).

Conclusion

The 40‐year risk of knee OA on individual and population levels can be predicted in 18‐year‐olds from a few easily measured covariates with moderate discrimination. The discrimination of this simplified model based on data available in adolescents was comparable to that of the full Nottingham model in middle‐aged individuals.
Association Between Nailfold Capillary Density and Pulmonary and Cardiac Involvement in Medium to Longstanding Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Barth Zoltan , Schwartz Thomas , Flatø Berit , Aaløkken Trond M. , Koller Akos , Lund May B. , Sjaastad Ivar , Sanner Helga
Published: June 2018

Objective

To explore the associations between microvascular abnormalities as assessed by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) and pulmonary and cardiac involvement in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) who are assessed after medium‐ to long‐term follow‐up.

Methods

Fifty‐eight patients with juvenile DM were examined a mean ± SD of 17.0 ± 10.6 years after symptom onset. Nailfold capillary density (NCD) and a neovascular pattern (defined as an active or late scleroderma pattern) were analyzed, with blinding to clinical data. Pulmonary involvement was assessed by pulmonary function tests including spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), and body plethysmography. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was also performed. Cardiac involvement was assessed by electrocardiography, Holter monitoring (heart rate variability), and echocardiography.

Results

Patients with low NCD (<6 capillaries/mm) (n = 21), compared to patients with normal NCD (≥6 capillaries/mm) (n = 37) had lower forced vital capacity (89.7% versus 98.5% predicted), total lung capacity (87.8% versus 94.5% predicted), and more often had low DLco values (15 [71%] of 21 patients versus 14 [38%] of 37 controls) (all P < 0.05). Use of HRCT to assess airway disease was more frequent in the group with low NCD (6 [30%] of 20 patients versus 3 [8%] of 36 patients in the normal NCD group; P = 0.034). No associations between NCD and cardiac parameters or between neovascular pattern and pulmonary or cardiac parameters were observed.

Conclusion

In patients with juvenile DM, low NCD was associated with lung involvement, which was mostly subclinical. No significant associations with cardiac involvement were observed. These results shed light on possible mechanisms underlying organ involvement, but further and preferably larger studies are needed to identify NCD as a potential biomarker for lung and cardiac involvement in juvenile DM.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of 2.5 vol% TiBw/TA15 Composites with Different Deformation Statuses
Authors: Jiao Xueyan , Du Dandan , Chen Wenzhen , Zhang Wencong , Yang Jianlei , Cui Guorong
Published: June 2018

In this study, heat treatments of solution and aging are performed on 2.5 vol% TiBw/TA15 composites with different deformation statuses. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the 2.5 vol% TiBw/TA15 composites are influenced by the microstructure, which is affected by the thermal processing and heat treatment history. The elongated α phase is obtained in the powder extrusion process followed by air cooling (EAC) and is then spheroidized in the rotary swaging process. After solution at 970 °C, the α phase is further spheroidized and partially transformed into the β phase at different degrees depending on the deformation status. After aging at 930 °C, the volume fraction of the equiaxial α phase increases significantly and the transformed β phase is decomposed into the clustered α + β laths at different degrees. Although experiencing the same post‐heat treatment, the influence of the deformation history affects the microstructure. After solution at 970 °C for 30 min and aging at 930 °C for 100 min, the EAC + RSAC sample exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 1335 MPa and an elongation of 4.2%. Additionally, the fracture mechanism consists of the brittle fracture of the TiB whiskers and the ductile failure of the TA15 matrix.
Hyperporous Sponge Interconnected by Hierarchical Carbon Nanotubes as a High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Wang Yunsong , Wang Zhipeng , Chen Yijun , Zhang Hui , Yousaf Muhammad , Wu Huaisheng , Zou Mingchu , Cao Anyuan , Han Ray P. S.
Published: June 2018

Recently, commercial graphite and other carbon‐based materials have shown promising properties as the anode for potassium‐ion batteries. A fundamental problem related to those carbon electrodes, significant volume expansion, and structural instability/collapsing caused by cyclic K‐ion intercalation, remains unsolved and severely limits further development and applications of K‐ion batteries. Here, a multiwalled hierarchical carbon nanotube (HCNT) is reported to address the issue, and a reversible specific capacity of 232 mAh g−1, excellent rate capability, and cycling stability for 500 cycles are achieved. The key structure of the HCNTs consists of an inner CNT with dense‐stacked graphitic walls and a loose‐stacked outer CNT with more disordered walls, and individual HCNTs are further interconnected into a hyperporous bulk sponge with huge macropore volume, high conductivity, and tunable modulus. It is discovered that the inner dense‐CNT serves as a robust skeleton, and collectively, the outer loose‐CNT is beneficial for K‐ion accommodation; meanwhile the hyperporous sponge facilitates reaction kinetics and offers stable surface capacitive behavior. The hierarchical carbon nanotube structure has great potential in developing high‐performance and stable‐structure electrodes for next generation K and other metal‐ion batteries.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Tertiary α‐Aryl Oxindoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Protonation. An Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Biosca Maria , Jackson Mark , Magre Marc , Pàmies Oscar , Norrby Per‐Ola , Diéguez Montserrat , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: June 2018

We have developed the first catalytic asymmetric preparation of sterically hindered tertiary α‐aryl oxindoles via enantioselective palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative protonation of the corresponding α‐aryl‐β‐amido allyl esters. The reaction occurs under very mild conditions and in short reaction times, providing excellent yields and promising enantioselectivities (ee's up to 78%). We have also performed an experimental investigation of the reaction mechanism and employed theoretical calculations to understand the nature of the enantioselectivity‐determining step.

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Analysis of different endoscopic methods for resection of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: A 10‐year experience at a secondary care hospital
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Hsin , Tsai Ching‐Yang , Tsai Yu‐Jou , Sun Meng‐Shun
Published: June 2018

Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) account for one‐third of all digestive NETs and are often incidentally found during colonoscopy. They also carry the risk of metastasis. Given their subepithelial growth, complete removal, R0 resection, is a challenge for endoscopists. Inadequate endoscopic management would lead to incomplete removal and additional complications for surveillance. The aim of this study is to compare R0 resection rates among all endoscopic methods. The database of our pathology department was reviewed from January 2005 to July 2015. Diagnoses of carcinoid and NETs located at rectum were enrolled. NETs removed by endoscopy were further selected for analysis. R0 resection was defined as being free of tumor at lateral and vertical margins on pathological examination. Three methods of endoscopic management were performed for our patients; these were snare polypectomy, endoscopic submucosal resection‐ligation assisted (ESMR‐L), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In all, 48 rectal NETs were diagnosed. Thirty‐six rectal NETs were removed by endoscopy. Pathology validated hepatic metastasis was found in a patient with18 mm tumor size and G2 mitosis. The R0 resection rates for snare polypectomy, ESMR‐L, and ESD were 33.3% (6/18), 90.9% (10/11), and 100% (7/7) respectively (P = 0.001). Procedure time for the ESMR‐L group (5.36 min) was shorter than the ESD group (38.86 min) (P < 0.001). Percentage of patients receiving endoscopic ultrasonography before endoscopic management also revealed significant differences among the three groups (3/18, 16.7%; 6/11, 54.5%; 7/7, 100%; P = 0.001). ESD offered the highest R0 resection rate, followed by ESMR‐L and snare polypectomy. However, ESMR‐L has shorter procedure time.
Isolated hepatic actinomycosis mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma: Case report and review
Authors: Aslan Ahmet , Ayaz Ercan , Inan Ibrahim , Acar Murat
Published: June 2018

Actinomyces are a rare cause of the intra‐abdominal infection that results in chronic suppurative and infectious granulomatous disease. The liver is involved in 15% of cases with abdominal infection and comprises 5% of all cases. Major risk factors include previous surgery, abdominal trauma, gastrointestinal foreign body, gut lesions, and immunosuppression. Due to the insidious course of the disease, symptoms arise several months after onset of the disease. The diagnosis of liver actinomycosis relies on clinical manifestations and imaging findings. Thus, it is often misdiagnosed as a primary liver cancer or metastatic tumor. Here we describe a case of isolated hepatic actinomycosis that mimicked a hepatocellular carcinoma with pretreatment and posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging findings. The patient was cured with long‐term antibiotherapy.
Advantageous effect of telbivudine on renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Su Pe‐Yuan , Yen Hsu‐Heng , Hsu Yu‐Chun , Wu Shun‐Sheng , Soon Maw‐Soan , Su Wei‐Wen
Published: June 2018

In central Taiwan, little is known about the different long‐term effects on renal function of the variant nucleoside analogs for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. We aimed to compare the effects of long‐term use of different nucleoside analogs on renal function at a single medical center. We analyzed patients who fulfilled the criteria of the Bureau of National Health Insurance and received nucleoside analogs between October 1, 2003 and April 30, 2011. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of drug administered, which included lamivudine (LAM), entecavir (ETV), and telbivudine (LdT). We excluded CHB patients who received prophylaxis because of chemotherapy and those who underwent bone marrow or liver transplantation. The values of renal function at baseline before treatment and at one year after therapy were analyzed. A total of 307 patients were recruited, including 76 patients who were treated with LAM, 200 patients who were treated with ETV, and 31 patients who were treated with LdT. The initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (T0), as computed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula and expressed as mL min−1 1.73 m−2, was 86.56 ± 25.30 for LAM, 106.07 ± 36.91 for ETV, and 117.23 ± 42.70 for LdT. The mean change in eGFR (∆eGFR: T12‐T0) at one year after treatment (T12) from baseline (T0) was −3.55 ± 19.13 for LAM, −3.53 ± 22.85 for ETV, and 9.54 ± 29.93 for LdT. For all patients, the ∆eGFR was significantly different between the LdT group and the other two groups (P = 0.006), especially in the subgroups who had eGFR lower than 90 mL min−1 1.73 m−2 (P = 0.001). The type of nucleoside analog was independently associated with ∆eGFR (OR, 4.41; P < 0.001). Renal function improved in CHB patients who received LdT for 1 year compared with those who received LAM or ETV, especially in patients who had eGFR of less than 90 mL min−11.73 m−2.
Fundic gland polyps is more common in patients with relative healthy gastric mucosa
Authors: Lee Pei‐Lun , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Wang Szu‐Jen , Tung Hung‐Da , Cheng Chun‐Ta , Lu Na‐Mi
Published: June 2018

Fundic gland polyps (FGPs) have become the most common gastric polyp in recent years. Long‐term use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and negative correlation withHelicobacter pylorihad been reported in patients with sporadic FGPs. However, the incidence of sporadic FGPs unrelated to PPI has also increased in recent years. This study is to investigate factors, including the PPI use,Helicobacter pylori, and others, which may affect the development of FGPs. The clinical features of all consecutive FGP patients who were diagnosed by histological confirmation from January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. In all, 40 142 patients received esophagogastroduodenoscopy during the study period, and 344 patients (0.9%) were diagnosed as having FGPs. The medical data, including indication for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, systemic diseases, PPI uses,H. pyloristatus, and endoscopic findings, were retrieved. Three age‐ and sex‐matched patients who received esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the same period were selected as controls for each FGP patient. In total 1030 patients were included in this study to compare the clinical features of FGPs. The prevalence of FGPs significantly increased from 0.6% in 2010 to 1.3% in 2015. The mean age of FGP patients was (57.07 ± 14.79) years, and 75.0% were female. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis found independent positive factors for FGPs: health checkup with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OR 2.3) and use of PPI for more than six months (OR 1.988). Independent negative factors found were: esophagogastroduodenoscopy that revealed gastric ulcer (OR 0.3) or duodenal ulcer (OR 0.4), positivity forH. pylori(OR 0.2), and liver cirrhosis (OR 0.2). The prevalence of FGPs had significantly increased in recent years and were found in patients with low levels of caustic factors in the gastric mucosa, such as long‐term use of PPI, absence ofH. pylori, and absence of gastropathy that induce peptic ulcers. The disease as liver cirrhosis that may induce gastropathy is a negative independent factor for FGPs development.
Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis caused by traditional medicine in a married couple and review of literature
Authors: Sun Chi‐Su , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Lee Pei‐Lun , Chen Ming‐Jenn , Win Khin‐Than
Published: June 2018

A 53‐year‐old woman presented with intermittent abrupt abdominal pain and occasional lower gastrointestinal bleeding for two years. She had taken a commercial Chinese tradition medicine (Da Chai Hu Tang) intermittently for health promotion for duration of five years. Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis was diagnosed by characteristic image findings including right side thread‐like calcifications on plain abdominal film, thickened ascending colon wall and venous calcification on computed tomography (CT) scans, and hyperechoic spots of thickened ascending colon wall on abdominal ultrasonography, which is reported for the first time in literature. The colonoscopy showed dark blue pigmentation on the mucosa around ulceration and loss of semilunar colon folds that is compatible to idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis. Surgical intervention with right hemicolectomy was done for recurrent compromised symptoms. Her husband who took the same traditional medicine also was found to have the same disease in the following year. The toxic theory of idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis was supported by two genetically irrelevant patients exposed to the same drug. Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis should be considered when image studies including ultrasonography show hyperechoic spots in thickened colon wall.
Intestinal tuberculosis presenting as ileus: A case report and review of current literature
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Yu , Lin Chih‐Hung , Hu Huang‐Ming
Published: June 2018

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (TB) is a diagnostic challenge, particularly in the absence of evidence of pulmonary infection. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old woman who suffered from progressive abdominal cramping pain and body weight loss for one month. She had no respiratory symptoms. Colonoscopy revealed multiple round‐shaped nodulation with central ulceration disseminated in the colon, except the swollen and ulcerative ileocecal valve. Intestinal TB was initially diagnosed and we arranged for series of examination to survey the primary origin. Finally, broncho‐alveolar lavage and colonscopic pathology confirmed the TB with positive acid‐fast stain and TB polymerase chain reaction. Miliary TB with pulmonary and intestinal involvement was the final diagnosis. Unfortunately, despite proper diagnosis and treatment, she was found with cardiac arrest at home after her discharge. Ileus with malnutrition was the suspected reason of death but the real cause of death was yet to be clarified.
Back to Basics: Protection From Surgical Smoke
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: June 2018

Surgical smoke is formed when energy‐generating devices (ie, electrosurgery units, lasers, powered instruments) raise the intracellular temperature of tissue to at least 100º C (212º F), causing tissue vaporization in the form of surgical smoke. Surgical smoke contains components that are known health hazards, such as benzene, toluene, hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, viruses, and bacteria. There have been case reports of human disease tied to the inhalation of surgical smoke; therefore, it is important for perioperative team members to minimize their exposure and patient exposure. In spite of the health risks, many perioperative departments do not consistently and effectively evacuate surgical smoke. This Back to Basics article provides basic steps that perioperative team members can take to protect themselves and their patients from the harm caused by surgical smoke exposure.