bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SatVITS‐Flood: Satellite Vegetation Index Time Series Flood Detection Model for Hyperarid Regions
Authors: Burstein Omer , Grodek Tamir , Enzel Yehouda , Helman David
Published: August 2023

We present the satellite vegetation index time series model for detecting historical floods in ungauged hyperarid regions (SatVITS‐Flood). SatVITS‐Flood is based on observations that floods are the primary cause of local vegetation expansion in hyperarid regions. To detect such expansion, we used two time‐series metrics: (a) trend change detection from the Breaks For Additive Season and Trend and (b) a newly developed seasonal change metric based on Temporal Fourier Analysis (TFA) and the growing‐season integral anomaly (TFA‐GSIanom). The two metrics complement each other by capturing changes in perennial plant species following extreme, rare floods and ephemeral vegetation changes following more frequent floods. Metrics were derived from the time series of the normalized difference vegetation index, the modified soil‐adjusted vegetation index, and the normalized difference water index, acquired from MODIS, Landsat, and Advanced Very High‐Resolution Radiometer. The timing of the change was compared with the date of the flood and the magnitude of change with its volume and duration. We tested SatVITS‐Flood in three regions on different continents with 40‐year‐long, systematic, reliable gauge data. Our results indicate that SatVITS‐Flood can predict flood occurrence with an accuracy of 78% and precision of 67% (Recall = 0.69 and F1 = 0.68; p < 0.01), and the flood volume and duration with NSE of 0.79 (RMSE = 15.4 × 106 m3 event−1), and R2 of 0.69 (RMSE = 5.7 days), respectively. SatVITS‐Flood proved useful for detecting historical floods and may provide valuable long‐term hydrological information in poorly documented areas, which can help understand the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of hyperarid regions.
Hippocampal representation during collective spatial behaviour in bats
Authors: Forli Angelo , Yartsev Michael M.
Published: August 2023

Social animals live and move through spaces shaped by the presence, motion and sensory cues of multiple other individuals1–6. Neural activity in the hippocampus is known to reflect spatial behaviour7–9 yet its study is lacking in such dynamic group settings, which are ubiquitous in natural environments. Here we studied hippocampal activity in groups of bats engaged in collective spatial behaviour. We find that, under spontaneous conditions, a robust spatial structure emerges at the group level whereby behaviour is anchored to specific locations, movement patterns and individual social preferences. Using wireless electrophysiological recordings from both stationary and flying bats, we find that many hippocampal neurons are tuned to key features of group dynamics. These include the presence or absence of a conspecific, but not typically of an object, at landing sites, shared spatial locations, individual identities and sensory signals that are broadcasted in the group setting. Finally, using wireless calcium imaging, we find that social responses are anatomically distributed and robustly represented at the population level. Combined, our findings reveal that hippocampal activity contains a rich representation of naturally emerging spatial behaviours in animal groups that could in turn support the complex feat of collective behaviour.
Intratubular crystal formation in the exposed dentin from nano-sized calcium silicate for dentin hypersensitivity treatment
Authors: Jeon Mi-Jeong , Park Jeong-Won , Seo Deog-Gyu
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate intratubular crystal formation from the experimental material consisting of dicalcium silicate (C2S) and tricalcium silicate (C3S) with nano-scaled particle size. A total of twenty-four specimens were made by isolating 8 mm of the cervical part centered at the cementoenamel junction of extracted premolars. Twelve specimens were not treated and considered as control. The experimental material was applied to the other twelve specimens by brushing for 10,000 strokes. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups according to the period of immersion in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 1, 30, 60, and 90 days each. The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and examined with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. The intratubular crystal were formed in PBS and densely filled the dentinal tubules over time. The crystal formation occurred at a depth of more than 50 μm from the dentin surface. The Ca/P ratio of formed intratubular crystals was 1.68 after 3 months. The experimental material consisting of C2S and C3S with a nanoscale particle size can form hydroxyapatite-like crystals in dentinal tubules in PBS, and there is a possibility of reducing dentin hypersensitivity by blocking the dentinal fluid flow.
Investigation of thermal conductivity and thermal performance of heat pipes by structurally designed copolymer stabilized ZnO nanofluid
Authors: Pavithra K. S. , Parol Vinay , Brusly Solomon A. , Yashoda M. P.
Published: August 2023

The present study concentrated on estimating the thermal conductivity, stability, efficiency, and resistance of a heat pipe for heat exchangers, which were essential for many industrial applications. To achieve this, copolymer of amphiphilic poly (styrene-co-2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) poly (STY-co-AMPS) was synthesized by free radical polymerisation technique. The dispersant were used for homogeneous solution and stabilization of ZnO nanofluids. The effect of dispersant on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids was analysed using a KD2 pro thermal property analyser. There is a significant increase in fluid conductivity had a nonlinear relationship with the volume fraction. The maximum enhancement was observed at an optimized concentration of dispersant at 1.5 vol%. Same time, the influence of dispersant agent on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids were compared with linear polyelectrolytes. Further, the experimental values were compared to the existing classical models based on the reasonable aggrement, the prepared nanofluids were employed as a working medium. The conventional screen mesh heat pipe and the temperature distribution to the thermal resistance of the heat pipe was investigated experimentally. The result shows, optimum concentration of dispersants on nanoparticles exhibits an enhanced heat efficiency as compared with the base fluids. Further, the thermal resistance and temperature distribution show decreased behaviour by increasing the particle volume fraction and dispersant concentration.
Smoking behavior change and the risk of pneumonia hospitalization among smokers with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Han Dong-Woo , Jung Wonyoung , Lee Kyu Na , Han Kyungdo , Lee Sei Won , Shin Dong Wook
Published: August 2023

Smoking patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at greater risk of developing pneumonia. How smoking behavior changes affect the risk of pneumonia hospitalization, however, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between smoking behavior change and the risk of pneumonia hospitalization in patients with DM. From January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018, we investigated the association between smoking behavior change and the risk of pneumonia hospitalization in patients with DM. A total of 332,798 adult patients with DM from the Korean National Health Insurance System database who underwent health screening examination between 2009 and 2012, and were smokers at the first health examination were included. During a mean follow-up of 4.89 years, 14,598 (4.39%) incident pneumonia hospitalization cases were identified. Reducers had a slightly increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10) compared to sustainers. Quitters did not have a significant association with incidence of pneumonia hospitalization. However, increasers had 13% higher risk of pneumonia hospitalization (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.18), regardless of whether initial smoking was light, moderate, or heavy. Our study showed that an increase in smoking intensity was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization in people with DM. However, a protective effect of smoking reduction or cessation on pneumonia risk was not demonstrated.
Rebound increase in microRNA levels at the end of 5-FU-based therapy in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Badr Doaa , Fouad Mariam A. , Hussein Marwa , Salem Salem , Zekri Abdelrahman , Shouman Samia
Published: August 2023

Treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based therapy is still used for colorectal cancer (CRC). Epigenetics has become a focus of study in cancer because of its reversibility besides its known regulatory functions. In this study, we will monitor the change in microRNAs (miRNAs) levels with 5-FU-based therapy at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment to be correlated with their prognostic potential. The expression levels of 5 miRNAs, namely miRNA223-3p, miRNA20a-5p, miRNA17-5p, miRNA19a-3p, and miRNA7-5p, were measured in the peripheral blood of 77 CRC patients, along with the expression of 3 proteins PTEN, ERK, and EGFR. At baseline, CRC patients had significantly higher levels of circulating miRNAs than healthy controls. This level was reduced after 3 months of 5-FU-based therapy, then increased after 6 months significantly in responder patients compared to non-responders. MiRNA19a-3p showed that significant pattern of change in the subgroups of patients with high ERK, EGFR, and PTEN protein levels, and its 6 months level after 5-FU-based therapy showed significance for the hazard of increased risk of disease recurrence and progression.
Game-based intradialytic non-weight-bearing exercise training on gait speed and balance in older adults with diabetes: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Finco M. G. , Najafi Bijan , Zhou He , Hamad Abdullah , Ibrahim Rania , Al-Ali Fadwa
Published: August 2023

Older adults with diabetes receiving hemodialysis have impaired gait speed and balance compared to the general population, which have been associated with increased risks of falls and mortality. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a game-based intradialytic exercise training program (iExergame) on improving gait speed and balance. This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. The intervention group (IG) received iExergame training using real-time audiovisual feedback with wearable inertial sensors. The control group (CG) received conventional training without any technology. Both trainings were intradialytic, non-weight-bearing, and used ankle range of motion. Gait and balance parameters were collected at baseline and 4-week follow-up. Data from 70 adults (age 64.2 ± 9.0 years) were analyzed. Compared to the CG, the IG showed greater changes between baseline and 4-week follow-up in several parameters. Gait parameters included faster speeds and longer stride lengths, particularly during dual task walking (p < 0.050). Balance parameters included reductions in center of mass (p = 0.004), ankle (p < 0.001), and hip (p = 0.010) sways during semi-tandem stance, particularly in users of assistive devices. iExergame training could improve gait speed and balance in this population and might be an option to increase intradialytic exercise adherence while reducing burdens of exercise administration.
Catalytic effect of high thermal conductive SiC on the kinetics and thermodynamics of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR-filled nano-SiC
Authors: Rasouli Sajad , Zabihi Amirreza , Fasihi Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Nano-silicon carbide (SiC) as a high thermal conductive material with an intrinsic thermal conductivity of ~ 490 W/m K was used to improve the cure characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics of curing reaction of styrene-butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR) compounds. The considerations were carried out by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that the presence of SiC shifted the peak and end temperatures of the curing peak to lower temperatures. The calculated activation energy of the curing reaction based on the Kissinger approach showed a descent from 409.8 to 93.8 kJ/mol by adding SiC from 0 to 7.5 phr (part per hundred rubber). Moreover, the obtained Gibbs free energy variation and equilibrium constant of the curing reaction proved that the reaction was absolutely forced and irreversible, which can be increasingly characterized as a one-way process. According to the results, SiC accelerated the curing reaction because of the increment of heat transfer into the compound. This phenomenon caused the increment of enthalpy variation of the vulcanization reaction, particularly at the SiC content of 5 phr. The achieved kinetic parameters via fitting an autocatalytic model based on the Sestàk–Berggren model by the Màlek method to describe the kinetics of the curing reaction indicated that the SiC filler had a catalytic effect on the curing reaction of SBR/BR-SiC, particularly after 2.5 phr of the filler.
Acceptance and utilization efficiency of a purple durum wheat genotype by Sitophilus granarius (L.)
Authors: D’Isita Ilaria , Di Palma Antonella Marta , De Vita Pasquale , Germinara Giacinto Salvatore
Published: August 2023

The granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is a major primary pest of stored cereals throughout the world. Among the major classes of plant secondary metabolites, flavonoids can affect insect feeding behaviour and their growth rate. In this study, the susceptibility of an anthocyanin-rich purple durum wheat genotype (T1303) to the granary weevil was evaluated in comparison with two yellow durum (Ofanto) and bread (Mec) wheat varieties. The feeding response and food utilisation efficiency by adult insects was also investigated by calculating nutritional indices in whole flour disk bioassays. Different levels of susceptibility to granary weevil emerged among genotypes tested. The mean food consumption by an insect, F1 progeny, and female parental offspring calculated for the T1303 genotype were significantly lower than those of yellow kernel wheat varieties. Moreover, T1303 genotype induced deterrence in the adult insects as demonstrated by the positive values of the food deterrence index. Besides, relative grow rate and efficiency conversion of ingested food indices were negative for T1303 and positive for both yellow wheat varieties indicating respectively a decrease and an increase of insect body weight during the bioassays. Finally, a higher mortality rate was recorded for insects fed on T1303 flour disks compared to disks obtained from yellow wheat varieties. These results provide evidence for the antifeedant and toxic effects of anthocyanins present in the T1303 pericarp against the granary weevil. Overall, this study contributes new insights into the mechanisms of host acceptance and food utilization by S. granarius and would be useful to identify antifeedant flavonoids as well as to develop varietal resistance-based strategies against this pest.
Minimizing outbreak through targeted blocking for disease control: a community-based approach using super-spreader node identification
Authors: Sheikhahmadi Amir , Bahrami Mehri , Saremi Hero
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to the daily lives of individuals worldwide, with many losing their lives to the virus. Vaccination has been identified as a crucial strategy to combat the spread of a disease, but with a limited supply of vaccines, targeted blocking is becoming increasingly necessary. One such approach is to block a select group of individuals in the community to control the spread of the disease in its early stages. Therefore, in this paper, a method is proposed for solving this problem, based on the similarity between this issue and the problem of identifying super-spreader nodes. The proposed method attempts to select the minimum set of network nodes that, when removed, no large component remains in the network. To this end, the network is partitioned into various communities, and a method for limiting the spread of the disease to communities is proposed by blocking connecting nodes. Four real networks and four synthetics networks created using the LFR algorithm were used to evaluate the control of the disease by the selected set of nodes using each method, and the results obtained indicate better performance of the proposed method compared to other methods.
Investigating the associations of macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Arias Juan D. , Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Alex Varsha , Yassin Shaden H. , Ferreyra Henry , Walker Evan , Wagner Naomi E. , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: August 2023

Macular edema (ME), the accumulation of intraretinal fluid in the macula, is a common sight affecting sequelae of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). However, it is unclear why some patients develop ME, and others do not. This study aims to identify associations between clinical-genetic factors in RP with ME. Patients with clinically confirmed RP cases were identified from the inherited retinal disease database at a large tertiary referral academic center. Demographic and genetic testing findings were noted. Additionally, optical coherence tomography volume scans were graded using a validated grading system. One hundred and six patients (73.1%) were found to have ME in at least one eye (OD = 88, mean = 37.9%, OS = 98, mean = 31.7%). Structurally, the presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) (p < 0.007) and vitreo-macular traction (VMT) (p < 0.003) were significantly associated with ME. Additionally, X-linked (p < 0.032) and autosomal dominant inheritance (p < 0.039) demonstrated a significant association with ME, with RP1 (p < 0.045) and EYS (p < 0.017) pathogenic variants also significantly associated with ME. This study, in a large cohort of RP patients, confirms previous retinal structural associations for ME in RP and identifies potential new genetic associations.
Bonding performance of glass ionomer cement to carious dentin treated with different surface treatment protocols using silver diamine fluoride
Authors: Rinsathon Jarinya , Wiriyasuebpong Suthinee , Thariya Kunwara , Jiradechochai Panupong , Phetsuk Porada , Bouanil Sanit , Saikaew Pipop , Pawaputanon Na Mahasarakham Chantida
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the influence of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the shear bond strength (SBS) to artificial carious dentin and GIC restorations with various SDF application protocols. Artificial caries were prepared on human dentin discs using bacteria model. These samples were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10/group) according to the following treatment: (1) control group (CD): no treatment (2) CSR: dentin conditioner, SDF, and rinsing (3) CS: dentin conditioner and SDF (4) SRC: SDF, rinsing and dentin conditioner, and (5) SC: SDF and dentin conditioner. The treated-dentin surface was bonded with GIC and subjected to SBS test. Mean SBS was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Surface morphology and elemental contents after surface treatment were examined (n = 3/group) by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). There was no significant difference in the mean SBS among CD (2.45 ± 0.99 MPa), CSR (1.76 ± 0.65 MPa), and SRC (2.64 ± 0.95 MPa). Meanwhile, the mean SBS of CS (0.35 ± 0.21 MPa) was significantly lower than the control and SRC group. SEM/EDX demonstrated deeper silver penetration in CSR and CS groups when compared to SRC and SC groups. SDF-modified GIC restorations resulted in significantly lower bond strength in CS and SC groups. The findings suggested treating the carious dentin surface with CSR and SRC protocol. SDF-treated carious dentin should be rinsed off prior to restore with GIC.
Performance of ChatGPT, human radiologists, and context-aware ChatGPT in identifying AO codes from radiology reports
Authors: Russe Maximilian F. , Fink Anna , Ngo Helen , Tran Hien , Bamberg Fabian , Reisert Marco , Rau Alexander
Published: August 2023

While radiologists can describe a fracture’s morphology and complexity with ease, the translation into classification systems such as the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osteosynthesefragen (AO) Fracture and Dislocation Classification Compendium is more challenging. We tested the performance of generic chatbots and chatbots aware of specific knowledge of the AO classification provided by a vector-index and compared it to human readers. In the 100 radiological reports we created based on random AO codes, chatbots provided AO codes significantly faster than humans (mean 3.2 s per case vs. 50 s per case, p < .001) though not reaching human performance (max. chatbot performance of 86% correct full AO codes vs. 95% in human readers). In general, chatbots based on GPT 4 outperformed the ones based on GPT 3.5-Turbo. Further, we found that providing specific knowledge substantially enhances the chatbot’s performance and consistency as the context-aware chatbot based on GPT 4 provided 71% consistent correct full AO codes for the compared to the 2% consistent correct full AO codes for the generic ChatGPT 4. This provides evidence, that refining and providing specific context to ChatGPT will be the next essential step in harnessing its power.
Synthesis of water soluble ionic liquid copolymers based on acrylamide and investigation of their properties in flocculating of clay suspensions
Authors: Faridi Shirin , Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Moghanian Hassan , Shabanian Meisam
Published: August 2023

To overcome water absorption and swelling by clay mineral layers, it is very important to develop stabilizing additives for water-based drilling fluids, where organic polymers are used as raw materials. Acrylamide copolymers, acting as flocculating agents, have the potential to separate minerals such as montmorillonite. In this study, three water-soluble copolymers containing acrylamide-amphoter, acrylamide-amphoter-anion, and acrylamide-amphoter-cation were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and derivative thermal gravimetric techniques. These copolymers were employed as flocculants to treat water suspensions containing montmorillonite particles, and a range of analytical methods, such as sedimentation volume measurement, scanning electron microscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and contact angle measurement, were employed to identify the relationship between inhibitive performance. The flocculation of montmorillonite plates was attributed to the electrostatic attractions between montmorillonite and the synthesized copolymers. High molecular weight copolymers offer greater thermal stability and better flocculation characteristics for water-based drilling fluids. Among the tested copolymers, the acrylamide-amphoter-anion sample, with the highest molecular weight, exhibited the best performance as a coagulant when compared to the other copolymers.
Perceptual decisions interfere more with eye movements than with reach movements
Authors: Matsumiya Kazumichi , Furukawa Shota
Published: August 2023

Perceptual judgements are formed through invisible cognitive processes. Reading out these judgements is essential for advancing our understanding of decision making and requires inferring covert cognitive states based on overt motor actions. Although intuition suggests that these actions must be related to the formation of decisions about where to move body parts, actions have been reported to be influenced by perceptual judgements even when the action is irrelevant to the perceptual judgement. However, despite performing multiple actions in our daily lives, how perceptual judgements influence multiple judgement-irrelevant actions is unknown. Here we show that perceptual judgements affect only saccadic eye movements when simultaneous judgement-irrelevant saccades and reaches are made, demonstrating that perceptual judgement-related signals continuously flow into the oculomotor system alone when multiple judgement-irrelevant actions are performed. This suggests that saccades are useful for making inferences about covert perceptual decisions, even when the actions are not tied to decision making.
Multiscale mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations of the durability of fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Lin Kui , Wang Zhanlong
Published: August 2023

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have gained widespread applications in many engineering fields, making it imperative to study long-term performance under service conditions. Due to their heterogeneity and multifield coupling conditions, the long-term performance of FRP composites has become a complex scientific problem that involves multiscale and multidisciplinary aspects. With advancements in nanotechnology and computational power, researchers have increasingly conducted studies on the deterioration mechanisms and durability of FRP composites using top-down experiments and bottom-up multiscale simulations. Here, we review micro- and nano-mechanics in relation to the durability of FRP composites, including progress in the use of atomic and molecular simulations. We elucidate the role of multiscale methods, particularly molecular dynamics simulations, in the study of FRP composites and outline its prospects, to illustrate how micro- and nano-mechanics contribute to research on the durability of FRP composites.
Impact of COVID-19, cancer survivorship and patient-provider communication on mental health in the US Difference-In-Difference
Authors: Kim Jiyeong , Linos Eleni , Dove Melanie S. , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Keegan Theresa H.
Published: August 2023

Poor mental health has been found to be more prevalent among those with cancer and is considered a public health crisis since COVID-19. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 and cancer survivorship on mental health and investigated factors, including online patient-provider communications (OPPC; email/internet/tablet/smartphone), associated with poor mental health prior to and during the early COVID-19. Nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey data during 2017–2020 (n = 15,871) was used. While the prevalence of poor mental health was high (40–42%), Difference-In-Difference analyses revealed that cancer survivorship and COVID-19 were not associated with poor mental health. However, individuals that used OPPC had 40% higher odds of poor mental health. Low socioeconomic status (low education/income), younger age (18–64 years), and female birth gender were also associated with poor mental health. Findings highlight the persistence of long-standing mental health inequities and identify that OPPC users might be those who need mental health support.
An Overview on Mushrooms
Authors: Katoch Abhishek , Paudel Mahendra , Katoch Pooja
Published: August 2023

Mushrooms are a good dietary nutrient source that are low in calories, carbohydrates, fat, sodium and free from cholesterol. Although many are found in nature and consumed worldwide, some are cultivated on a commercial level. The scientific community has improved and successfully cultivated a few mushrooms, but the number is insignificant compared to the mushrooms collected from the wild for consumption. Due to their diverse agroclimatic conditions, the Indian Himalayas have rich mushroom microbiota, where a variety of mushrooms have long been found in forests and collected by villagers. These fungi are Dikarya in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which are known for their nutritious, medicinal, hallucinogenic, and poisonous properties. Conservation of biodiversity is important for the development of new strains in cultivation or improving strains for increased production. This chapter presents an overview of the literature concerning the variety of edible mushrooms consumed in India, mushroom basic concepts, their geographical distribution, Himalayan diversity, and the climatic requirements, with detail on the challenges faced for the sustainable usage of important mushroom species.
GenusAgaricusSpecies Found in the Himalayas:Agaricus campestrisL. andAgaricus augustusFr.
Authors: Allen Swati , Bharadwaj Garima , Chakma Joy K.
Published: August 2023

With the rise in the human population over the past few decades, there has been increasing pressure on natural resources leading to the practicing of mushroom culture on a commercial scale. Known as one of the most edible and dominant mushroom species around the world, Agaricus are known their wide nutritional, pharmaceutical, immunomodulatory, and medicinal properties and are therefore cultivated globally. With the presence of several active bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, etc., the scientific community is intrigued to apprehend the complex molecular mechanisms of Agaricus with respect to immune system based effects. In India, among other species, Agaricus bisporus is a chief source of dietary supplements. However, due to mushroom poisoning cases, there is an urgent need to develop DNA-based methods for the identification of both poisonous as well as non-poisonous Agaricus species that are otherwise difficult to identify on the basis of morphology alone. Since there are many regions where people are heavily dependent on wild natural resources for food consumption, the characterization of the toxicological profile of mushrooms will be helpful for medical treatment and clinical manifestation.
Armillaria mellea: Honey Fungus
Authors: Nehra Manju , Nain Vikash , Thory Rahul , Amanjyoti
Published: August 2023

Despite being a commonly found and edible species of fungus, Armillaria mellea has a wide range of traits and applications that come as a surprise. The literature shows that there has been much research on species description, including morphology, habitat, life cycle, and components of the fungus body. It has emerged that the world of fungi offers not only culinary delights or purely scientific results but also treatment solutions, as it has been discovered that the components of A. Mellea have medicinal and biological uses that can be applied to a variety of fields or diseases with positive results. This kind of bioremediation uses A. mellea, a fungus from the Basidiomycota family, to address issues with environmental contamination. This topic has a lot of potential to be used globally in the ecology field and to be the primary tool for environmental conservation, even though it has not been thoroughly investigated.
Lesser-known Wild Medicinal and Edible Mushrooms
Authors: Ramandeep Kaur , Urvashi  , Vyas Pratibha , Sahni Tanvi
Published: August 2023

Due to the advances made in the field of natural products in the search for new molecules, mushrooms are gaining importance due to their bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds have been shown to exhibit new modes of action against various diseases. As a result, a new class of mushroom pharmaceuticals is being established. Many species of mushrooms have been very well explored in terms of their biological and nutraceutical properties; however, there are still many species that remain unexplored and need to be studied to determine their medicinal and biological properties. Therefore, their proper identification and experimental studies are required to establish their pharmaceutical potential. In this chapter, a few lesser-known species of mushrooms are described, alongside their chemistry and biological properties that have been reported to date.
Fluorescent fiber-optic device sensor based on carbon quantum dot (CQD) thin films for dye detection in water resources
Authors: Vyas Tanmay , Gogoi Manashjit , Joshi Abhijeet
Published: August 2023

A pH-sensitive CQD thin film for the detection of dyes in various water resources.
Copper ferrite nanoparticles catalyzed the challenging Diels–Alder reaction of aromatic chalcones with cyclopentadiene
Authors: Tagra Divya , Bhargava Meha , Agarwal Jyoti
Published: August 2023

Copper ferrite nanoparticles efficiently transformed the unreactive aromatic chalcones into activated dienophiles for the Diels–Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene/isoprene as dienes to afford the corresponding DA adducts in high yields.
Thermoresponsive swelling of photoacoustic single-chain nanoparticles
Authors: Thümmler Justus F. , Maragani Ramesh , Schmitt Franz-Josef , Tang Guo , Rahmanlou Samira Mahmoudi , Laufer Jan , Lucas Henrike , Mäder Karsten , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: August 2023

Heat-triggered enhancement of contrast in pump–probe photoacoustic measurements is reported. Changes in polarity lead to considerable effects in photophysical properties of fluorescently labelled single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs).
Long-lived fluorinated boron-nitride dots exhibiting room-temperature phosphorescence and high-temperature resistance
Authors: Zhang Xu , Han Shenghui , Lian Gang , Cui Deliang , Wang Qilong
Published: August 2023

A fluorination strategy was developed to prepare matrix-free F-BN nanodots, which exhibit extended RTP lifetime and resistance to high temperature.
Reactive oxygen species for therapeutic application: Role of piezoelectric materials
Authors: Sengupta Dipanjan , Naskar Sudip , Mandal Dipankar
Published: August 2023

Piezoelectricity driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their probable therapeutic applications towards various diseases and complications.
Noncovalent interactions of aromatic heterocycles: rotational spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of the thiazole–CF4 and thiazole–SF6 complexes
Authors: Yang Tingting , Xu Yugao , Wang Zhen , Feng Chunmei , Feng Gang
Published: August 2023

The non-covalent bonding features of the complexes of thiazole with CF4 and SF6 were investigated by means of high-resolution rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
Automatic identification of chemical moieties
Authors: Lederer Jonas , Gastegger Michael , Schütt Kristof T. , Kampffmeyer Michael , Müller Klaus-Robert , Unke Oliver T.
Published: August 2023

A versatile, transferable and differentiable method to automatically identify chemical moieties based on message passing neural network feature representations.
Photothermal-enhanced solar water oxidation on NiO/amorphous carbon/BiVO4 and CoOx/amorphous carbon/BiVO4 photoanodes
Authors: He Huichao , Xiong Yuli , Xiao Hao , Han Tao , Guo Yujie , Li Jiahe , Chen Qiwen , Zhang Yunhuai , Du Jinyan , Ke Gaili
Published: August 2023

NiO/amorphous carbon/BiVO4 and CoOx/amorphous carbon/BiVO4 films were prepared and investigated as photoanodes for photothermal-enhanced solar water oxidation.
Spectroscopy of cluster aerosol models: IR and UV spectra of hydrated glyoxylate with and without sea salt
Authors: Bersenkowitsch Nina K. , Madlener Sarah J. , Heller Jakob , van der Linde Christian , Ončák Milan , Beyer Martin K.
Published: August 2023

Tropospheric glyoxylic acid is most likely converted to glyoxylate in sea salt aerosols. We report on the influence of water and salt ions on the structure and photochemistry of glyoxylate.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) in atmospheric particulate matter in different Brazilian regions
Authors: Gonçalves Priscila Boleta , Cristale Joyce , da Silva Amanda Araújo , Nogarotto Danilo Covaes , Osório Daniela Montanari Migliavacca , Romualdo Lincoln Lucilio , Pozza Simone Andréa
Published: August 2023

Regional sources and meteorological variables influence the levels of OPEs in PM10 samples from Limeira, Catalão, and Novo Hamburgo. The concentrations found pose no non-carcinogenic risk to human health.
Impact of dissolved sulfide on a hybrid membrane bioreactor treating the effluent of a mainstream up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket
Authors: Allegue Tomás , Arias Adrián , Liñares Alberto , Omil Francisco , Garrido Juan Manuel
Published: August 2023

The influence of dissolved sulfide on a hybrid membrane bioreactor (176 L) is assessed. The key finding is that sulfide did not hinder the MBR's denitrification potential but improved it.
A silica-related matrix effect on NanoSIMS Li isotopic analysis of glasses and its online calibration
Authors: Li Rui-Ying , Hao Jialong , Yang Wei , Tian Heng-Ci , Hu Sen , Lin Yangting
Published: August 2023

NanoSIMS Li isotope analysis of silicate glasses is affected by instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) due to the matrix effect. Here, we found that the IMF is correlated with the silica content and can be well corrected.
Modified MSIS chamber as a novel gas–liquid separator coupled with the photochemical vapor generation of trace mercury with MP-AES detection
Authors: Stoitsov D. , Kmetov V. , Canals A.
Published: August 2023

A modified MSIS chamber operating with high sample flow rates was used as a novel gas–liquid separator in the MP-AES detection of trace mercury after photochemical vapor generation.
Degradation suppression effect of amorphous-hard-carbon-bundled Si-based negative electrode
Authors: Tsunoda Uran , Hiraoka Koji , Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Kunimi Takao , Seki Shiro
Published: August 2023

To improve the electrode calendar life of high-capacity Si, a non-core–shell type Si negative electrode was investigated for preventing volume changes and particle breakage of nano-sized Si particles.
Hierarchical porous-structured self-standing carbon nanotube electrode for high-power lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Saengkaew Jittraporn , Kameda Takashi , Matsuda Shoichi
Published: August 2023

Hierarchical porous-structured carbon nanotube electrode with macro-sized interconnected pores was prepared. Lithium–oxygen batteries equipped with the electrode exhibited power densities over 4.0 mW cm−2.
Advances of nanoworms in diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics
Authors: Borse Kadambari , Shende Pravin
Published: August 2023

Nanoworms demonstrate remarkable potential as versatile nanocarriers, delivering therapeutic agents precisely to target sites, enabling accurate disease diagnosis, and advancing personalized medicine.
Fabrication of nanoparticle assemblies with a controlled number of constituent nanoparticles by membrane emulsification using anodic porous alumina
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Yuda Kantaro , Kondo Toshiaki , Masuda Hideki
Published: August 2023

Nanoparticle assemblies with a controlled number of nanoparticles prepared by membrane emulsification using anodic porous alumina.
Graphene quantum dots: synthesis, characterization, and application in wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Gozali Balkanloo Peyman , Mohammad Sharifi Kolsum , Poursattar Marjani Ahmad
Published: August 2023

This review article covers the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene quantum dots, with a particular emphasis on their use in water treatment research and potential future outcomes.
Chemical genetic approaches for the discovery of bacterial cell wall inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Rinki , Singh Mangal , Pathania Ranjana
Published: August 2023

High-throughput chemical genetic screening strategies for bacterial cell envelope inhibitors.
A new approach to enhance the performance of phthalonitrile: study of carborane curing agents with dual functions
Authors: Ding Zichun , Zong Lishuai , Wang Chenghao , Wang Siying , Liu RunZe , Jian Xigao , Wang Jinyan
Published: August 2023

A new strategy to endow carborane cages with dual identities as curing sites and heat-resistant components by utilizing the σ–π double coordination properties of cyano groups.
Tailoring biomaterials for biomimetic organs-on-chips
Authors: Sun Lingyu , Bian Feika , Xu Dongyu , Luo Yuan , Wang Yongan , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: August 2023

The advances in biomaterials for the construction of organs-on-chips are reviewed, including the design, fabrication, functions, applications, and future directions of these biomaterial-based platforms.
A polar-switchable and controllable negative phototransistor for information encryption
Authors: Cao Aiping , Li Shubing , Chen Hongli , Deng Menghan , Xu Xionghu , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Cui Anyang , Hu Zhigao
Published: August 2023

Anomalous negative phototransistors have emerged as a distinct research area, characterized by a decrease in channel current under light illumination.
In situ decorated Cu2FeSnS4 nanosheet arrays for low voltage hydrogen production through the ammonia oxidation reaction
Authors: Lim Yoongu , Surendran Subramani , So Won , Shanmugapriya Sathyanarayanan , Jo Chanmin , Janani Gnanaprakasam , Choi Hyeonuk , Han Hyun Soo , Choi Heechae , Yun Young-Hoon , Kim Tae-Hoon , Kim Myeong-Jin , Jin Kyoungsuk , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk
Published: August 2023

This work describes the effect of solvents used for solvothermal reactions to synthesize quaternary copper–iron–tin sulfide (Cu2FeSnS4) nanosheets that can serve as a potential alternative for divergent energy conversion device applications.
Acid-scavenging separators promise long-term cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Pingan , Wang Yaya , Liu Zhifang , Hu Xianluo
Published: August 2023

Acid-scavenging separators are an efficient way to inhibit the acidification of traditional LiPF6-containing electrolytes. This paper reviews the development and achievements of acid-scavenging separators to enhance their practical application capabilities and future developments.
Regioselective polyfluoroarylation of alkenyl C–H bonds via aryl to vinyl 1,4-palladium migration
Authors: Lin Jie , Ma Juan , Wang Liandi , Wu Kaikai , Zhou Yong-Gui , Yu Zhengkun
Published: August 2023

Efficient palladium-catalyzed regioselective vinylic C–H polyfluoroarylation of gem-disubstituted ethylenes with polyfluoroarenes was realized via an aryl to vinyl 1,4-palladium migration process to access various polyfluorinated triarylethenes.
Machine learning based microfluidic sensing device for viscosity measurements
Authors: Mustafa Adil , Haider Daniyal , Barua Arnab , Tanyeri Melikhan , Erten Ahmet , Yalcin Ozlem
Published: August 2023

An increase in microsensor deflection with an increase in blood viscosity during coagulation.
Lens opacities in the horse: a clinical classification
Authors: Matthews Andrew G.
Published: August 2023

Lens opacities, including cataracts, are frequent findings during routine ophthalmic examination in the horse, and clinicians often experience difficulty in predicting the potential progression and consequences on visual function of these opacities. This has particular relevance to the prepurchase examination. The present study proposes a descriptive classification of the more common lens opacities observed in the horse based principally on their morphological origin. This classification provides a basis for objective prediction of the probable progression of lens opacities, in particular cataracts, in the horse.
Computation of the self-diffusion coefficient with low-rank tensor methods: application to the simulation of a cross-diffusion system
Authors: Dabaghi Jad , Ehrlacher Virginie , Strössner Christoph
Published: August 2023

Cross-diffusion systems arise as hydrodynamic limits of lattice multi-species interacting particle models. The objective of this work is to provide a numerical scheme for the simulation of the cross-diffusion system identified in [J. Quastel, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 45 (1992), pp. 623–679]. To simulate this system, it is necessary to provide an approximation of the so-called self-diffusion coefficient matrix of the tagged particle process. Classical algorithms for the computation of this matrix are based on the estimation of the long-time limit of the average mean square displacement of the particle. In this work, as an alternative, we propose a novel approach for computing the self-diffusion coefficient using deterministic low-rank approximation techniques, as the minimum of a high-dimensional optimization problem. The computed self-diffusion coefficient is then used for the simulation of the cross-diffusion system using an implicit finite volume scheme.
Generative methods for sampling transition paths in molecular dynamics
Authors: Lelièvre Tony , Robin Geneviève , Sekkat Innas , Stoltz Gabriel , Cardoso Gabriel Victorino
Published: August 2023

Molecular systems often remain trapped for long times around some local minimum of the potential energy function, before switching to another one – a behavior known as metastability. Simulating transition paths linking one metastable state to another one is difficult by direct numerical methods. In view of the promises of machine learning techniques, we explore in this work two approaches to more efficiently generate transition paths: sampling methods based on generative models such as variational autoencoders, and importance sampling methods based on reinforcement learning.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of 556 Eyes Entering the Homburg Aniridia Centre
Authors: Fries Fabian Norbert , Náray Annamária , Munteanu Cristian , Stachon Tanja , Lagali Neil , Seitz Berthold , Szentmáry Nóra , Käsmann-Kellner Barbara
Published: August 2023

Purpose Congenital aniridia is a severe malformation of almost all eye segments. In addition, endocrinological, metabolic, and central nervous systems diseases may be present. In order to develop better treatment options for this rare disease, an aniridia center must be established. The purpose of this work is to summarize ophthalmic findings of aniridia subjects examined at the Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center in Homburg.

Methods Our retrospective single-center study included patients who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination through the head of the KiOLoN (“Kinderophthalmologie”, Orthoptics, Low Vision and Neuroophthalmology) Unit of the department between June 2003 and January 2022. Data at the first examination time point have been included.

Results Of 286 subjects, 556 eyes of (20.1 ± 20.1 years; 45.5% males) were included. There was nystagmus in 518 (93.7%) eyes, and strabismus in 327 (58.8%) eyes. There were 436 (78.4%) eyes with age-appropriate axial length, 104 (18.7%) eyes with microphthalmos, and 13 (2.3%) eyes with buphthalmos. There was iris malformation with atypical coloboma in 34 eyes (6.1%), more than 6 clock hours of iris remnants in 61 eyes (10.9%), less than 6 clock hours of iris remnants in 96 eyes (17.2%), and complete aniridia in 320 (57.5%) eyes. The patients were graded according to the following aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK) stages: Stage 0 (96 eyes [17.2%], no keratopathy), Stage 1 (178 eyes [32.0%]), Stage 2 (107 eyes [19.2%]), Stage 3 (67 eyes [12.0%]), Stage 4 (62 eyes [11.1%]), Stage 5 (45 eyes [8.0%]). There was secondary glaucoma in 307 (55.5%), macular hypoplasia in 395 (71.4%), and congenital optic nerve head pathology in 223 (40.3%) eyes. The iris malformation type
was significantly positively correlated with AAK stage, lens properties, presence of glaucoma, congenital macular, and optic nerve head properties (p < 0.001 for all), while complete aniridia showed the most complications.

Conclusions At the Homburg Aniridia Center, the most common ophthalmic signs in congenital aniridia were AAK, iris malformation, cataract, and macular hypoplasia. The iris malformation type may indicate future expression of AAK, cataract, and glaucoma development and it is correlated with a congenital optic nerve head and macular pathology. Our registry will support further detailed longitudinal analysis of ophthalmic and systemic diseases of aniridia subjects during long-term follow-up.
Fachweiterbildungen und Fortbildungen im Fachbereich
Endoskopie
Authors: Engelke Monika
Published: August 2023

In den meisten Endoskopieabteilungen hat sich ein Personalmix aus verschiedene
Berufsgruppen etabliert. Da stellt sich die Frage, welche Fort- und
Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen für welche Berufsgruppen möglich
sind bzw. gefordert werden und was dabei zu beachten ist.