bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial 30 cholecystectomy procedures performed with the Senhance digital laparoscopy system
Authors: Sasaki Takahiro , Tomohisa Furuhata , Nishimura Masashige , Arifuku Hirotaka , Ono Tatsunori , Noda Akiyoshi , Otsubo Takehito
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The Senhance digital laparoscopy system (SDLS) is a novel platform developed for digitization in endoscopic surgery. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the short‐term outcome in the initial 30 consecutive patients.

Methods

SDLS cholecystectomies were performed in 30 consecutive patients (13 male, 17 female) by a single surgeon from September 2020 to March 2022. The patients' median age (range) was 77.5 (27–82) years, and median body mass index was 23.3 (19–38) kg/m2. Four trocars were used, three of which were docked to manipulator arms of the SDLS. Surgical procedures performed with the SDLS were almost the same as those by conventional surgery.

Results

Median docking time, cockpit time, and operation time in minutes were 4 (3–13), 34 (13–81), and 69 (47–201), respectively. Operation time after the sixth case tended to shorten compared with that for the initial five cases. Three cases (10%) were converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery due to severe cholecystitis, but none required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥II were not observed.

Conclusion

This retrospective study showed that cholecystectomy using the SDLS appeared to be safe and feasible in limited cases without severe inflammation.
Surgical interventions for the treatment of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Cafferata Emilio A. , Begic Amira , Schwarz Frank
Published: November 2022

Background

Peri‐implantitis constitutes one of the most frequent late dental implant complications. The disease is initiated by bacterial infection; therefore, anti‐infective peri‐implantitis treatment strategies are required to arrest the progressive marginal bone loss and maintain the affected implant in function. Although nonsurgical treatment strategies appear to be of limited predictability, treatment outcomes have been frequently improved following surgical interventions.

Purpose

The present narrative review describes various surgical peri‐implantitis treatment modalities, with respect to their indications, performance, and effectiveness.

Materials and Methods

The present narrative review considered the most relevant studies in the field published in the English language.

Results

Surgical peri‐implantitis treatment approaches can be categorized as nonreconstrucive therapy, reconstructive therapy, and combined therapy (ie, reconstructive and resective therapy). In addition to disease resolution, reconstructive approaches also seek to regenerate the bone defect and achieve reosseointegration.

Conclusions

The severity of the disease, the regenerative potential of the defetc and esthetic demands of the patient are the factors determining the surgical peri‐implantitis treatment modality.
Local authority audit in England, playing the field?
Authors: Bradley Lynn , Favotto Alvise , McKernan John
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on the field of public audit as a collibrative element of public sector accountability. It reports on the consequences of substantial collibrative intervention in such a field. The intervention studied is the change to local authority audit in England that culminated in the Local Audit and Accountability Act, 2014, and entailed the abolition of the Audit Commission. Drawing on strategic action field theory, and through examination of submissions to the Redmond Review and other documentary materials, an analysis is developed of the field of public financial audit in its ongoing efforts to re‐equilibriate following the intervention. The analysis explores the action taken in pursuit of the restoration of field stability, effective functioning, and legitimacy, and the effects on public accountability. The analysis supports Julia Black's contention that different accountability regimes are not readily substitutable and exposes some of the risks and difficulties associated with attempts to modify accountability through collibrative intervention.
The carbon‐quality temperature hypothesis: Fact or artefact?
Authors: Liáng Lìyǐn L. , Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Arcus Vickery L. , Schipper Louis A.
Published: November 2022

Climate warming can reduce global soil carbon stocks by enhancing microbial decomposition. However, the magnitude of this loss remains uncertain because the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of the major fraction of soil carbon, namely resistant carbon, is not fully known. It is now believed that the resistance of soil carbon mostly depends on microbial accessibility of soil carbon with physical protection being the primary control of the decomposition of protected carbon, which is insensitive to temperature changes. However, it is still unclear whether the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of unprotected carbon, for example, carbon that is not protected by the soil mineral matrix, may depend on the chemical recalcitrance of carbon compounds. In particular, the carbon‐quality temperature (CQT) hypothesis asserts that recalcitrant low‐quality carbon is more temperature‐sensitive to decomposition than labile high‐quality carbon. If the hypothesis is correct, climate warming could amplify the loss of unprotected, but chemically recalcitrant, carbon and the resultant CO2 release from soils to the atmosphere. Previous research has supported this hypothesis based on reported negative relationships between temperature sensitivity and carbon quality, defined as the decomposition rate at a reference temperature. Here we show that negative relationships can arise simply from the arbitrary choice of reference temperature, inherently invalidating those tests. To avoid this artefact, we defined the carbon quality of different compounds as their uncatalysed reaction rates in the absence of enzymes. Taking the uncatalysed rate as the carbon quality index, we found that the CQT hypothesis is not supported for enzyme‐catalysed reactions, which showed no relationship between carbon quality and temperature sensitivity. The lack of correlation in enzyme‐catalysed reactions implies similar temperature sensitivity for microbial decomposition of soil carbon, regardless of its quality, thereby allaying concerns of acceleration of warming‐induced decomposition of recalcitrant carbon.
Effect of pore content and pH on the corrosion behavior of hydrophobic ceramic coatings
Authors: Li Jiahong , Ma Conghuan , Wang Jianyu , Bian Da , Zhao Yongwu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, superhydrophobic ceramic coatings were successfully prepared on stainless steel substrates (S304) by sol–gel method, and the effects of pore content and pH conditions on the corrosion resistance of hydrophobic ceramic coatings were studied. As the porosity increases, the contact angle of the coating increases. Among them, the contact angles of the coatings with 15% and 20% porosity in different pH solutions are all greater than 150°, achieving superhydrophobic surfaces. The contact angle results before and after corrosion show that the solution with a higher pH has a greater damage to the hydrophobicity of the coating. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated comparatively from polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As the hydrophobicity improves, the corrosion resistance of the hydrophobic ceramic coating is enhanced. The impedance moduli at .01 Hz of the coating are 1.04 × 103 times (pH 4), .13 × 103 times (pH 7), and .74 × 103 times (pH 10) of the bare steel, respectively. With the increase of pH, the corrosion resistance of hydrophobic ceramic coatings decreases, because OH− in the corrosion solution is more easily adsorbed on the surface of the coating, thereby destroying the long hydrophobic chains.
Improved wear resistance and low thermal radiative conductivity of a middle‐entropy tantalate Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4
Authors: Qu Chenkai , Chen Lin , Su Tao , Li Dongbo , Yang Yuan , Feng Jing
Published: November 2022

Ferroelastic YTaO4 is a promising material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), and its thermal and mechanical properties can be further optimized by various methods. In this study, a ferroelastic middle‐entropy ceramic Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4 was synthesized by solid‐phase sintering, and its microstructures and thermophysical properties were key points. We determined the contributions of phonons and photons to total thermal conductivity, and a low thermal conductivity was obtained by inhibiting high‐temperature thermal radiation. The thermal expansion coefficients were improved by introducing of Nb atom into the lattice of the prepared middle‐entropy ceramic, which meets the requirements of TBCs. The improved wear resistance originated from relatively high Young's modulus and the hardness of Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4, and it would contribute to the service performance of the corresponding coatings. This work motivates the engineering applications of ferroelastic RETaO4 and RENbO4 (RE is rare‐earth element) as high‐temperature TBCs.
Whose opinion matters when insiders disagree with short sellers?
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zheng Liyi
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the credibility of conflicting trading signals from two well‐informed and sophisticated parties: corporate insiders and short sellers. Our results suggest that insiders’ information is dominant when short sellers trade in the opposite direction. We attribute the positive price reaction following a disagreement to insiders’ superior information that is not available to short sellers. Our results do not support the managerial short‐termism argument. Two additional tests show that insider buying credibility enhances when information asymmetry is high and that short sellers reverse their shorting position after the disclosure of insider buying. Both findings support the idea that short sellers may experience a previously unacknowledged barrier in accessing private information.
Participatory research to improve medication reconciliation for older adults in the community
Authors: Doucette Lorna , Kiely Bridget T. , Gierisch Jennifer M. , Marion Eve , Nadler Lisa , Heflin Mitchell T. , Upchurch Gina
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Medication reconciliation, a technique that assists in aligning a care team's understanding of an individual's true medication regimen, is vital to optimize medication use and prevent medication errors. Historically, most medication reconciliation research has focused on institutional settings and transitional care, with comparatively little attention given to medication reconciliation in community settings. To optimize medication reconciliation for community‐dwelling older adults, healthcare professionals and older adults must be engaged in co‐designing processes that create sustainable approaches.

Methods

Academic researchers, older adults, and community‐ and health system‐based healthcare professionals engaged in a participatory process to better understand medication reconciliation barriers and co‐design solutions. The initiative consisted of two participatory research approaches: (1) Sparks Innovation Studios, which synthesized professional expertise and opinions, and (2) a Community Consultation Studio with older adults. Input from both groups informed a list of possible solutions and these were ranked based on evaluative criteria of feasibility, person‐centeredness, equity, and sustainability.

Results

Sparks Innovation Studios identified a lack of ownership, fragmented healthcare systems, and time constraints as the leading barriers to medication reconciliation. The Community Consultation Studio revealed that older adults often feel dismissed in medical encounters and perceive poor communication with and among providers. The Community Consultation Studio and Sparks Innovation Studios resulted in four highly‐ranked solutions to improve medication reconciliation: (1) support for older adults to improve health literacy and ownership; (2) ensuring medication indications are included on prescription labels; (3) trainings and incentives for front‐line staff in clinic settings to become champions for medication reconciliation; and (4) electronic health record improvements that simplify active medication lists.

Conclusion

Engaging community representatives with academic partners in the research process enhanced understanding of community priorities and provided a practical roadmap for innovations that have the potential to improve the well‐being of community‐dwelling older adults.
When you are living and dying at the same time: A qualitative exploration of living with gastrointestinal motility disorders
Authors: Raubinger Sian , Allworth Sarah , Carey Sharon
Published: November 2022

Background

An expanding base of evidence indicates that chronic gastrointestinal disorders not only impact physical wellbeing, but also affect many psychosocial aspects of life. However, less is known about gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study aimed to explore how individuals experience gastrointestinal motility disorders and their impact on daily living.

Methods

Eleven people with a gastrointestinal motility disorder participated in semi‐structured interviews face‐to‐face or via telephone. The interviews explored how participants came to be diagnosed, their experiences with health professionals, as well as the impact of dysmotility on enjoyment of food, socialising, eating out and quality of life (QoL). Interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.

Results

Analysis revealed an overarching theme of frustration that stemmed from three subthemes: (1) feeling misunderstood, judged and dismissed by health professionals leading to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and multiple diagnoses; (2) severity and unpredictability of undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms; and (3) reduced QoL because of physical and social limitations, impairing their ability to have normal life experiences, including education, work and social activities.

Conclusions

Dysmotility is a complex illness that impacts almost all aspects of a person's life. In addition to managing reported physical symptoms, the social and psychological burden associated with dysmotility needs to be addressed to improve outcomes and QoL.
Decentralization through Tokenization
Authors: SOCKIN MICHAEL , XIONG WEI
Published: November 2022

We examine decentralization of digital platforms through tokenization as an innovation to resolve the conflict between platforms and users. By delegating control to users, tokenization through utility tokens acts as a commitment device that prevents a platform from exploiting users. This commitment comes at the cost of not having an owner with an equity stake who, in conventional platforms, would subsidize participation to maximize the platform's network effect. This trade‐off makes utility tokens a more appealing funding scheme than equity for platforms with weak fundamentals. The conflict reappears when nonusers, such as token investors and validators, participate on the platform.
Corporate Political Activities and the SEC's Oversight Role in the IPO Process
Authors: Gounopoulos Dimitrios , Loukopoulos Georgios , Loukopoulos Panagiotis , Wood Geoffrey
Published: November 2022

We study how a regulator (Securities and Exchanges Commission; SEC) responds to IPOs that have a higher political profile. We find that IPOs with issuers (intermediaries) that actively pursue political strategies receive more (less) SEC comment letters than IPOs without such actors. Cross‐sectional analysis reveals that the IPO's political environment moderates the relationship between social pressure for more corporate transparency and SEC scrutiny. Additional tests indicate that the political activities of issuers (intermediaries) contribute to a less (more) efficient IPO process. Overall, our findings suggest that politically active intermediaries have stronger incentives to accurately portray the IPO financial reporting environment than politically active issuers because they have greater reputational and political capital at stake; quite simply, the former have more to lose. We draw out the implications for theory, in terms of agency and reputation.
Hydrology regime and hydrology recruitment niche predict changes in plant community composition across a pond habitat
Authors: Mašková Tereza , Poschlod Peter
Published: November 2022

Questions

Niche differentiation is widely accepted as a key mechanism important for species coexistence. Seed germination and seedling survival were recognized as important contributors to niche segregation and could be a crucial filter for determining species' distributions and community composition. Only a little is known about the direct relationship between hydrology recruitment niche, hydrology regimes, and community composition. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to identify the changes in the composition of a pond community with respect to the hydrological regime and predict them by the recruitment niche of species.

Location

The Gloggere pond in the Altdorfer forest (47.848 N, 9.698 E, Ravensburg vicinity, Upper Swabia, Baden‐Wuerttemberg, Germany).

Methods

A transect with 46 permanent plots was established throughout the Gloggere pond, and species percentage cover was recorded in September 1992–1995, 2006, and 2017. Pond drawdown was implemented in 1993. Sediment samples were collected in March 1995 across the transect, and a pot germination experiment with six hydrological treatments was performed. The hydrology recruitment niche from the seed bank germination experiment was compared with the field hydrology niche to show the importance of the hydrology regime for community composition.

Results

The hydrological regime determined the community composition in both the germination experiment and the field. Species‐specific hydrology niche from the field correlated with species‐specific recruitment niche measured in the germination experiment.

Conclusions

Our results support the importance of recruitment niche as a driver of community composition for pond areas. For understanding and predicting changes in plant community composition, it is necessary to combine knowledge about the recruitment niche and the ability of seeds’ survival in the sediment along a hydrological gradient with knowledge about abiotic filters, biotic interactions, and species‐specific traits. Recognizing the recruitment niche is useful for better predicting the effect of future environmental changes, especially in the context of climate change and conservation management.
Spatial and temporal localization of cell wall associated pili in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Choo Pei Yi , Wang Charles Y. , VanNieuwenhze Michael S. , Kline Kimberly A.
Published: November 2022

Enterococcus faecalis virulence requires cell wall‐associated proteins, including the sortase‐assembled endocarditis and biofilm associated pilus (Ebp), important for biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. The current paradigm for sortase‐assembled pilus biogenesis in Gram‐positive bacteria is that sortases attach substrates to lipid II peptidoglycan (PG) precursors, prior to their incorporation into the growing cell wall. Contrary to prevailing dogma, by following the distribution of Ebp and PG throughout the E. faecalis cell cycle, we found that cell surface Ebp do not co‐localize with newly synthesized PG. Instead, surface‐exposed Ebp are localized to the older cell hemisphere and excluded from sites of new PG synthesis at the septum. Moreover, Ebp deposition on the younger hemisphere of the E. faecalis diplococcus appear as foci adjacent to the nascent septum. We propose a new model whereby sortase substrate deposition can occur on older PG rather than at sites of new cell wall synthesis. Consistent with this model, we demonstrate that sequestering lipid II to block PG synthesis via ramoplanin, does not impact new Ebp deposition at the cell surface. These data support an alternative paradigm for sortase substrate deposition in E. faecalis, in which Ebp are anchored directly onto uncrosslinked cell wall, independent of new PG synthesis.
Role of oral microbiome in oral oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis
Authors: Li Ruohan , Xiao Li , Gong Tao , Liu Jiaxin , Li Yuqing , Zhou Xuedong , Li Yi , Zheng Xin
Published: November 2022

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and its adjacent sites, which endangers the physical and mental health of patients and has a complex etiology. Chronic infection is considered to be a risk factor in cancer development. Evidence suggests that periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola, are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). They can stimulate tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial cells proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Candida albicans promotes OSCC progression and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Moreover, oral human papillomavirus (HPV) can induce oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). There is evidence that HPV16 can integrate with host cells’ DNA and activate oncogenes. Additionally, oral dysbiosis and synergistic effects in the oral microbial communities can promote cancer development. In this review, we will discuss the biological characteristics of oral microbiome associated with OSCC and OPSCC and then highlight the mechanisms by which oral microbiome is involved in oral oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. These findings may have positive implications for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.
Precise Patellar Tendon Insertion Protection and Osteotomy Surface Advantage of Transtibial Tuberosity–High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Wu Zhanyu , Yuan Daizhu , Hua Dawei , Yang Long , Zou Qiang , Tian Xiaobin , Ye Chuan
Published: November 2022

Objective

Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is successful in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with medial compartment stenosis and tibial varus deformity, but patella infera is the main complication. This study aims to design a new medial tibial open osteotomy scheme, transtibial tuberosity‐high tibial osteotomy (TT‐HTO), which can fully protect the patellar tendon insertion. In addition, the area of the osteotomy surface and wedge volume were evaluated in TT‐HTO, biplanar distal tibial tuberosity osteotomy (biplanar‐DTO), and uniplanar‐DTO to evaluate the potential advantages of this technology in bone healing.

Methods

The tibial tubercle was divided into four equal sections from proximal to distal, which were defined as zones A, B, C, and D. From September to December 2020, the imaging examinations of 200 patients (95 males and 105 females) with a mean age of 40.6 years (range 19–60 years) were evaluated to observe the zonation of the tibial tubercle where the insertion of the patellar tendon is located. Then, 59 patients (23 males and 36 females) with a mean age 59.6 years (range 43–77 years), for a total of 69 knees (32 right and 37 left), who underwent routine knee surgery were observed and verified. According to the position of the patellar tendon insertion, TT‐HTO was designed. Fifteen tibial sawbones were divided equally into three groups: TT‐HTO; biplanar‐DTO; and uniplanar‐DTO. The total area of the osteotomy surface was compared using the graph paper method. The wedge volume at wedge heights of 10 mm was compared among osteotomy types using the plasticine Archimedes principle. One‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to compare the total area of the osteotomy surface and the wedge volume.

Results

The osteotomy line of TT‐HTO passes through the boundary point of zones B and C of the tibial tubercle to fully protect the insertion point of the patellar tendon. The total area of the osteotomy surface in TT‐HTO and biplanar‐DTO was significantly larger than that in uniplanar‐DTO (P < 0.05). The wedge volume in uniplanar‐DTO was significantly smaller than that in TT‐HTO and biplanar‐DTO (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the osteotomy surface and the wedge volume were identified between TT‐HTO and biplanar‐DTO.

Conclusion

TT‐HTO can protect the patellar tendon insertion and avoid postoperative patella infera. The osteotomy surface is large and located in an area of cancellous bone, which ensures its good healing characteristics.
Assessment of Neck Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Cross‐Section Study Based on Body Image of 115 Patients with Main or Double Thoracic Curve
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Wang Ben , Wu Aimin , Huang Chongan , Pan Xiangxiang , Chen Boda , Ni Libin , Shi Yifeng , Meftah Zaher Ali Mohamed , Wang Xiangyang
Published: November 2022

Objective

Neck imbalance negatively affects body aesthetics of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. The evaluation of neck imbalance is currently limited to radiographic parameters, but lacks visual indicators. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish indexes of neck imbalance based on body image and to investigate whether these indexes can truly reflect neck imbalance in AIS patients.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study at a single institution between June 2017 and September 2020 and there were 115 subjects involved in this research. All patients were diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Lenke type I/II. Radiographic parameters measured included cervical axis tilt (CAT), T1 tilt, first rib angle (FRA), clavicle angle (CA), radiographic shoulder height (RSH), proximal thoracic curve (PTC), apical vertebra translation of proximal thoracic (AVT of PT), main thoracic curve (MTC), apical vertebra translation of main thoracic (AVT of MT) and coronal balance (CB/C7PL‐CSVL). Neck imbalance indexes were obtained and measured following a standardized manner. Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was performed for neck imbalance indexes to determine their intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliability, and correlation tests were performed for neck imbalance indexes with the radiographic parameters mentioned above.

Results

Strong intraobserver and interobserver reliability were observed in neck imbalance index (NII) 1 (0.91 and 0.88), neck imbalance index 2 (0.85 and 0.81) and NII 3 (0.82 and 0.80), P < 0.05. Significant correlation was found in cervical axis tilt (R = 0.81 for NII 1, R = 0.77 for NII 2 and R = 0.78 for NII 3), T1 tilt (R = 0.43 for NII 1, R = 0.52 for NII 2 and R = 0.48 for NII 3), first rib angle (R = 0.41 for NII 1, R = 0.48 for NII 2 and R = 0.43 for NII 3), proximal thoracic curve (R = 0.36 for NII 2) and apical vertebra translation of proximal thoracic (R = −0.37 for NII 2 and R = −0.35 for NII 3) with neck imbalance indexes. Neck imbalance index 1 showed the highest correlation with cervical axis tilt (R = 0.81, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Neck imbalance indexes established in our study were in good correlation with cervical axis tilt (CAT), At the meantime, they showed significant correlations with T1 tilt and first rib angle (FRA). Our study provides a practical method for measurement of neck imbalance regarding realistic perspective and makes up for the lack of photographic indexes about neck imbalance.
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging as an adjunct for the localization of a bile leak after split liver transplantation
Authors: Lemoine Caroline P. , Lautz Timothy B. , Superina Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Background

The intraoperative identification of a bile leak after liver transplantation can be challenging, especially when using technical variant grafts. Possible sources of leakage include the sometimes multiple biliary anastomoses or orphan ducts leading to cut surface leak. Preoperative imaging is often unable to precisely identify the location of the leak. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been utilized in adult hepatobiliary and transplant surgery, but not for the management of postoperative biliary complications.

Methods

We present a case where ICG fluorescence imaging was used to identify a cut surface bile leak after pediatric split liver transplantation.

Results

A 5‐year‐old girl with methylmalonic acidemia underwent a left lobe split liver transplantation. A single Roux‐en‐Y choledochojejunostomy was performed. Nine days after transplant, bile was noted in the surgical drain. Imaging confirmed the patency of the hepatic artery and the absence of intraabdominal collection. A hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan showed the majority of radiotracer was excreted through the surgical drain. The patient was explored surgically: 4.5× loupe magnification did not allow for the localization of the leak. ICG was administered intravenously, after which a cut surface bile leak could be identified and repaired. There was no recurrence of bile leak after repair. Eighteen months after transplant, the patient is alive and well and has not suffered from any additional biliary complications.

Conclusion

Indocyanine green constitutes an additional tool in the arsenal of measures available to facilitate the intraoperative detection and management of bile leaks occurring after pediatric technical variant graft transplant.
Basiliximab therapy for immune‐mediated bowel disease in a pediatric heart transplant patient
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Wilsey Michael , Gonzalez‐Gomez Ignacio , Laks Jessica , Miles Alyssa , Carapellucci Jennifer , Asante‐Korang Alfred
Published: November 2022

In pediatric patients who undergo heart transplantation, severe immune‐mediated bowel disease has been reported. Management is complex, and there are little data discussing the use of basiliximab for immune‐mediated bowel disease. This case report discusses a pediatric patient who developed immune‐mediated bowel disease following heart transplantation and was successfully managed with basiliximab.
Towards achieving circularity and sustainability in feeds for farmed blue foods
Authors: Colombo Stefanie M. , Roy Koushik , Mraz Jan , Wan Alex H. L. , Davies Simon J. , Tibbetts Sean M. , Øverland Margareth , Francis David S. , Rocker Melissa M. , Gasco Laura , Spencer Emma , Metian Marc , Trushenski Jesse T. , Turchini Giovanni M.
Published: November 2022

The aims of this review are to describe the role of ‘blue‐food production’ (animals, plants and algae harvested from freshwater and marine environments) within a circular bioeconomy, discuss how such a framework can help the sustainability and resilience of aquaculture and to summarise key examples of novel nutrient sources that are emerging in the field of fed‐aquaculture species. Aquaculture now provides >50% of the global seafood supply, a share that is expected to increase to at least 60% within the next decade. Aquaculture is an important tool for reducing resource consumption in global protein production and increasing resilience to climate change and other global disruptions (i.e. pandemics, geo‐political instability). Importantly, blue foods also provide essential nutrition for a growing human population. Blue foods are helping to help the global goal of ‘zero hunger’ (United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 2) while reducing the dependency on finite natural resources but further refinement and new solutions are needed to make the industry more ‘circular’ and sustainable, particularly with respect to sourcing raw materials for aquafeeds. This review describes the feed resources that are available or may be created within a circular bioeconomy framework, their role within the framework and in aquaculture and ultimately, how these resources contribute to de‐risking and establishing a resilient aquaculture production chain.
The effect of proportional assist ventilation on the electrical activity of the human diaphragm during exercise
Authors: Gerson Emily A. M. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Leahy Michael G. , Kipp Shalaya , Guenette Jordan A. , Archiza Bruno , Sheel Andrew William
Published: November 2022

We hypothesized that when a proportional assist ventilator (PAV) is applied in order to reduce the pressure generated by the diaphragm, there would be a corresponding reduction in electrical activity of the diaphragm. Healthy participants (five male and four female) completed an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion in order to calculate workloads for subsequent trials. On the experimental day, participants performed submaximal cycling, and three levels of assisted ventilation were applied (low, medium and high). Ventilatory parameters, pulmonary pressures and EMG of the diaphragm (EMGdi) were obtained. To compare the PAV conditions with spontaneous breathing intervals, ANOVA procedures were used, and significant effects were evaluated with a Tukey–Kramer test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. The work of breathing was not different between the lowest level of unloading and spontaneous breathing (P = 0.151) but was significantly lower during medium (25%, P = 0.02) and high (36%, P < 0.001) levels of PAV. The pressure–time product of the diaphragm (PTPdi) was lower across PAV unloading conditions (P < 0.05). The EMGdi was significantly lower in medium and high PAV conditions (P = 0.035 and P < 0.001, respectively). The mean reductions of EMGdi with PAV unloading were 14, 22 and 39%, respectively. The change in EMGdi for a given lowering of PTPdi with the PAV was significantly correlated (r = 0.61, P = 0.01). Ventilatory assist during exercise elicits a reduction in the electrical activity of the diaphragm, and there is a proportional lowering of the work of breathing. Our findings have implications for exercise training studies using assisted ventilation to reduce diaphragm work in patients with cardiopulmonary disease.
An obesogenic diet impairs uncoupled substrate oxidation and promotes whitening of the brown adipose tissue in rats
Authors: Da Eira Daniel , Jani Shailee , Ceddia Rolando B.
Published: November 2022

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is rich in mitochondria containing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and dissipates energy through thermogenesis. However, even though BAT mass and its UCP1 content increase in rodents chronically fed a high‐fat sucrose‐enriched (HFS) diet, marked expansion of adiposity still occurs in these animals, suggesting insufficient BAT‐mediated HFS diet‐induced thermogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and molecular mechanisms that regulate BAT thermogenesis in HFS‐induced obesity. To accomplish this, rats were fed either a standard chow or HFS diet for 8 weeks. Subsequently, glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes were assessed in freshly isolated primary BAT adipocytes. Despite increasing BAT mass and its UCP1 content, the HFS diet reduced uncoupled glucose and palmitate oxidation in BAT adipocytes. It also markedly diminished tyrosine hydroxylase content and lipolysis in these cells. Conversely, glucose uptake, lactate production, glycerol incorporation into lipids, palmitate incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol kinase levels, and lipoprotein lipase and cluster of differentiation 36 gene expression were increased. In summary, a HFS diet enhanced glyceroneogenesis and shifted BAT metabolism toward TAG synthesis by impairing UCP1‐mediated substrate oxidation and by enhancing fatty acid esterification in intact brown adipocytes. These adaptive metabolic responses to chronic HFS feeding attenuated BAT thermogenic capacity and favoured the development of obesity.

image

Key points

Despite increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and levels of thermogenic proteins such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), an obesogenic high‐fat sucrose‐enriched (HFS) diet attenuated uncoupled glucose and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipocytes.

Brown adipocytes diverted glycerol and fatty acids toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis by elevating the cellular machinery that promotes fatty acid uptake along with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol kinase levels.

The HFS diet increased glucose uptake that supported lactate production and provided substrate for glyceroneogenesis and TAG synthesis in brown adipocytes.

Impaired UCP‐1‐mediated thermogenic capacity and enhanced TAG storage in BAT adipocytes were consistent with reduced adipose triglyceride lipase and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in HFS diet‐fed animals.
Thin Transparent Photothermal Coatings for Rapid Defogging in Automotive Applications
Authors: Roy Tamal , Haechler Iwan , Schnoering Gabriel , Poulikakos Dimos
Published: November 2022

Counteracting surface fogging to maintain surface transparency is significant to a variety of applications, including automotive lighting. Current energy-neutral approaches mostly rely on engineering the surface wettability, but suffer from contaminant deposition and lack of robustness and hence require frequent maintenance or renewal. This is particularly bothersome when the coating is within an enclosure, such as that of an automotive headlamp. Here, we design a maintenance-free, transparent, light-activated, photothermal composite material coating, to fully mitigate fogging-related issues. The coating contains dispersed indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix and is most absorptive in the near-infrared range, where a significant fraction of the thermal energy source lies, thus maintaining visible transparency. Based on nucleation thermodynamics, the photo-induced heating effect enables sustained and superior fog removal, also prevention when compared to uncoated samples. The coating is fabricated with readily and cost-effectively scalable industrial methods such as spray or dip coating. Its functionality is evidenced with standard visible thermal sources and on predominant materials employed in car headlights (glass and polycarbonate), which enables its direct application also on existing such surfaces, or similar.
Constructing Product Usage Context Knowledge Graph Using User-Generated Content for User-Driven Customization
Authors: Wang Xingzhi , Liu Ang , Kara Sami
Published: November 2022

User-driven customization is a particular design paradigm where customers act as co-designers to configure products based on their needs. However, due to insufficient product usage experience, customers may design a product incompatible with their environment and needs. Such incompatibility can negatively affect the performance of some customized features or even cause product failure. As a result, customers may hesitate to customize products because additional complexities and uncertainties are perceived. Product usage context (PUC), as all the environment and application factors that affect customer needs and product performance, can be used to facilitate customer co-design in user-driven customization. Identifying individual customer’s PUC can help customers foresee potential design failures, make more holistic design decisions, and be confident with their designs. Against the background, this paper proposes a PUC knowledge graph (PUCKG) construction method using user-generated content (UGC). The proposed method can convert crowdsourced corner cases into structured PUCKG to support personal PUC prediction, summarization, and reasoning. A case study of robot vacuum cleaners is conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed method.
A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes
Authors: Arevalo Claudia P. , Bolton Marcus J. , Le Sage Valerie , Ye Naiqing , Furey Colleen , Muramatsu Hiromi , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Pardi Norbert , Drapeau Elizabeth M. , Parkhouse Kaela , Garretson Tyler , Morris Jeffrey S. , Moncla Louise H. , Tam Ying K. , Fan Steven H. Y. , Lakdawala Seema S. , Weissman Drew , Hensley Scott E.
Published: November 2022

Seasonal influenza vaccines offer little protection against pandemic influenza virus strains. It is difficult to create effective prepandemic vaccines because it is uncertain which influenza virus subtype will cause the next pandemic. In this work, we developed a nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA)–lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known influenza A virus subtypes and influenza B virus lineages. This multivalent vaccine elicited high levels of cross-reactive and subtype-specific antibodies in mice and ferrets that reacted to all 20 encoded antigens. Vaccination protected mice and ferrets challenged with matched and mismatched viral strains, and this protection was at least partially dependent on antibodies. Our studies indicate that mRNA vaccines can provide protection against antigenically variable viruses by simultaneously inducing antibodies against multiple antigens.
Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Zhang Xueying , Henderson Mary E. T. , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Pontzer Herman , Watanabe Daiki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Kimura Misaka , Ainslie Philip N. , Andersen Lene F. , Anderson Liam J. , Arab Lenore , Baddou Issad , Bedu-Addo Kweku , Blaak Ellen E. , Blanc Stephane , Bonomi Alberto G. , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , Bovet Pascal , Buchowski Maciej S. , Butte Nancy F. , Camps Stefan G. , Close Graeme L. , Cooper Jamie A. , Cooper Richard , Das Sai Krupa , Dugas Lara R. , Eaton Simon , Ekelund Ulf , Entringer Sonja , Forrester Terrence , Fudge Barry W. , Goris Annelies H. , Gurven Michael , Halsey Lewis G. , Hambly Catherine , El Hamdouchi Asmaa , Hoos Marije B. , Hu Sumei , Joonas Noorjehan , Joosen Annemiek M. , Katzmarzyk Peter , Kempen Kitty P. , Kraus William E. , Kriengsinyos Wantanee , Kushner Robert F. , Lambert Estelle V. , Leonard William R. , Lessan Nader , Martin Corby K. , Medin Anine C. , Meijer Erwin P. , Morehen James C. , Morton James P. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Nicklas Theresa A. , Ojiambo Robert M. , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Pitsiladis Yannis P. , Plange-Rhule Jacob , Plasqui Guy , Prentice Ross L. , Rabinovich Roberto A. , Racette Susan B. , Raichlen David A. , Ravussin Eric , Redman Leanne M. , Reilly John J. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Roberts Susan B. , Schuit Albertine J. , Sardinha Luis B. , Silva Analiza M. , Sjödin Anders M. , Stice Eric , Urlacher Samuel S. , Valenti Giulio , Van Etten Ludo M. , Van Mil Edgar A. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Wilson George , Wood Brian M. , Yanovski Jack A. , Murphy-Alford Alexia J. , Loechl Cornelia U. , Luke Amy H. , Rood Jennifer , Westerterp Klaas R. , Wong William W. , Miyachi Motohiko , Schoeller Dale A. , Speakman John R. ,   International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Doubly Labeled Water (DLW) Database Consortium§
Published: November 2022

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (
2
H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.
The lower Cambrian lobopodianCardiodictyonresolves the origin of euarthropod brains
Authors: Strausfeld Nicholas J. , Hou Xianguang , Sayre Marcel E. , Hirth Frank
Published: November 2022

For more than a century, the origin and evolution of the arthropod head and brain have eluded a unifying rationale reconciling divergent morphologies and phylogenetic relationships. Here, clarification is provided by the fossilized nervous system of the lower Cambrian lobopodianCardiodictyon catenulum, which reveals an unsegmented head and brain comprising three cephalic domains, distinct from the metameric ventral nervous system serving its appendicular trunk. Each domain aligns with one of three components of the foregut and with a pair of head appendages. Morphological correspondences with stem group arthropods and alignments of homologous gene expression patterns with those of extant panarthropods demonstrate that cephalic domains ofC. catenulumpredate the evolution of the euarthropod head yet correspond to neuromeres defining brains of living chelicerates and mandibulates.
Moving fast makes for better cooling
Authors: Qin Bingchao , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: November 2022

Optimizing carrier mobility with composition and processing is key for thermoelectric coolers
Rivaroxaban treatment for six weeks versus three months in patients with symptomatic isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ageno Walter , Bertù Lorenza , Bucherini Eugenio , Camporese Giuseppe , Dentali Francesco , Iotti Matteo , Lessiani Gianfranco , Parisi Roberto , Prandoni Paolo , Sartori Michelangelo , Visonà Adriana , Bigagli Elisabetta , Palareti Gualtiero
Published: November 2022

Objective

To compare two different treatment durations of rivaroxaban in patients with symptomatic isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Design

Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.

Setting

28 outpatient clinics specialising in venous thromboembolism.

Participants

402 adults (≥18 years) with symptomatic isolated distal DVT.

Interventions

After receiving standard dose rivaroxaban for six weeks, participants were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban 20 mg or placebo once daily for an additional six weeks. Follow-up was for 24 months from study inclusion.

Main outcomes measures

The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent venous thromboembolism during follow-up after randomisation, defined as the composite of progression of isolated distal DVT, recurrent isolated distal DVT, proximal DVT, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, or fatal pulmonary embolism. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding after randomisation until two days from the last dose of rivaroxaban or placebo. An independent committee adjudicated the outcomes.

Results

200 adults were randomised to receive additional rivaroxaban treatment and 202 to receive placebo. Isolated distal DVT was unprovoked in 81 (40%) and 86 (43%) patients, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 23 (11%) patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 39 (19%) in the placebo arm (relative risk 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.95; P=0.03, number needed to treat 13, 95% confidence interval 7 to 126). Recurrent isolated distal DVT occurred in 16 (8%) patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 31 (15%) in the placebo arm (P=0.02). Proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism occurred in seven (3%) patients in the rivaroxaban arm and eight (4%) in the placebo arm (P=0.80). No major bleeding events occurred.

Conclusions

Rivaroxaban administered for six additional weeks in patients with isolated distal DVT who had an uneventful six week treatment course reduces the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, mainly recurrent isolated distal DVT, over a two year follow-up without increasing the risk of haemorrhage.

Trial registration

EudraCT 2016-000958-36; ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02722447
.