bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Let’s remember everyone by name»: reflecting on the martyrology of the victims of Civil War in Omsk region
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Kalinovsky V. V.
Published: June 2023

The paper provides an analytical review of the scientific reference publication «Victims of the Civil War: a reference book-martyrology on the act records of the parish registers of the temples of the Omsk region (June 1918–December 1919)», prepared by the creative team of Omsk historians-archivists — candidates of historical sciences Dmitry Igorevich Petin and Maxim Maksimovich Stelmak. The features of the author’s approach, chosen as key criteria in the preparation of the publication, are critically comprehended. The use of a theoretical set, consisting of the principle of consistency, problematic and comparative historical methods, allows us to present the analyzed work as a striking phenomenon of historical science. The general scientific, cultural and methodological novelty of the publication is noted.
Problematic issues of the evolution of pre-revolutionary cooperative legislation in Russia
Authors:   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin, Chichulin A. V.
Published: June 2023

The article reveals problematic issues related to the process of formation and development of pre-revolutionary Russian cooperative legislation. The main stages of legislative support for the development of cooperative organizations and their unions are identified. The nature and degree of administrative influence of various state authorities on the cooperative movement in the pre-revolutionary period is determined. Problematic moments associated with collisions of cooperative legislation that interfere with the effective functioning of the cooperative system in Russia are identified.
Difficulties and Achievements: formation of Siberian Directorate of Military Educational Institutions of the Red Army (1919–1920)
Authors:   Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, Fedotova I. V.
Published: June 2023

The article described a little-studied aspect of Soviet military construction in Siberia at the final stage of the Civil War in Russia — the creation and the first months of the activity of the Siberian Directorate of Military Educational Institutions of the Red Army. The source base of the study is unpublished materials of the office work of Siberian Revolutionary Committee, the Omsk press and memoirs. The theoretical basis of the study is a combination of anthropological and systemic approaches, problem-chronological, comparative-historical and biographical methods. The author comes to the conclusion about the key role of the Soviet military leaders M. N. Tukhachevsky and N. I. Koritsky in the formation of a network of military schools in Siberia, and the influence of the Siberian Directorate of Military Educational Institutions on the development of military education in the region and the cultural level of the local population.
The analysis of pumpless cooling systems reciprocating compressors
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Dorofeev E. A. , Tegzhanov A. S. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Shcherba V. E. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the existing methods of cooling reciprocating compressors, where special attention is paid to liquid systems in which the motion of the coolant is carried out not from an external pump, but due to fluctuations in gas pressure or rarefaction. An analysis of the designs of pumpless cooling systems is carried out, advantages and disadvantages are identified, directions for their further improvement are identified.
Assessment of the influence of gap wall mobility factor at calculation of leakage in working section of a scroll compressor. Part 1
Authors:   ITMO University, Pronin V. A. , Kovanov A. V. ,   ITMO University, Tsvetkov V. A. ,   ITMO University, Mikhailova E. N. ,   ITMO University, Kalashnikova E. A. ,   ITMO University
Published: June 2023

The scroll type compressor is widely used in the medium capacity segment of refrigeration and air conditioning technology including heat pumps. Today there is an active process of changing from hydrofluorocarbons to natural refrigerants with low global warming potential. CO2, with its low critical point and correspondingly high operating pressures, is gaining in importance. For operation with new refrigerants, the scroll compressor has to be adapted to take account of all its design features, the most important of which are the clearances in the machine's flow area. It has to be considered that the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide, different from hydrofluorocarbons, have a significant influence on the volume and energy values of the compressor. In this case relevance consists in increase of accuracy of compressor losses calculation and prediction of refrigeration machine characteristics. As the basic volumetric losses in the scroll compressor are leakages of working substance in its working part, and the process of flow of medium is unsteady, their quantitative component causes interest. The purpose of this work is to clarify the physical basis of the leakage process in the radial clearance and the degree of influence of various factors on it. Such analysis gives further opportunity to refine the methodology of calculation of leakages of compressed medium, taking into account the mobility factor of gap walls. It will raise accuracy of the received results which can serve as a base to prognosis of optimum characteristics of the compressor, due to their approximation and will allow to optimize designing of refrigerating machines at the chosen modes of work.
ATOS ORIGINÁRIOS ARQUETÍPICOS E O ESTUDO DO IMAGINÁRIO
Authors: De Souza Vitor Chaves
Published: June 2023

O artigo articula a noção de arquétipo com a de imaginação em Mircea Eliade a fim de apresentar a novidade eliadeana aos estudos do imaginário. Inicialmente, propõe-se o aprofundamento do arquétipo como atos originários divinos. Neste momento, constata-se a primordialidade do arquétipo como lugar de pensamento original, alternativo ao conhecimento racional. Em segundo lugar, explora-se a dimensão do símbolo em diálogo com a imaginação e o alcance da imaginação como uma faculdade comum tanto à pesquisa em Ciências das Religiões quanto para a arte. Enfatiza-se a importância da imaginação para a atividade hermenêutica. Ao final, apresenta-se a noção de hermenêutica da imaginação como uma necessidade orgânica, capaz de interpretar a alteridade e a fusão do ser nas hierofanias. A hermenêutica da imaginação, como contribuição inédita de Mircea Eliade, confere um lugar de reflexão próprio aos trabalhos do autor nos estudos do imaginário e, a partir deste lugar, pensar-se-á os limites e alcances da hermenêutica da imaginação.
THE RESEARCHER’S “LIFE-WORLD” (LEBENSWELT)
Authors: Toro-Jaramillo Iván-Darío , Gonzaga Waldecir
Published: June 2023

What this research seeks is to know what happens in the researcher’s life when he/she investigates, in other words, what is the researcher’s world-of-life (Lebenswelt), how to establish a balance between the world-of-the-life of the researcher and the research itself, in all areas of knowledge, such as theology and religious sciences. The question that guides this research is: what is the life experience of the researcher like during the research process itself and how can research influence the researcher’s “life-world” (lebenswelt)? What this research intends is to make the researcher the very object of research. In the phenomenology of Husserl, and of other phenomenologists, methodological and theoretical resources were found with the consistency and rigor necessary to carry out a descriptive analysis of the construction of the daily “world-of-life” in the experience of researchers. From a Systematic Review of Literature, the research problem could be constructed, based on the consultation of scientific databases (Scopus and ATLA), In addition, the in-depth interview technique was used, which allowed working on 9 stories of life. Finally, there is a need to train researchers not only in the technical and instrumental aspects of research, but also in those other matters that touch the world-of-life of the researcher looking for a “quality of life”, which is the wish of all areas of scientific research, and not only of theology and the sciences of religion.
ODE RECIFENSE À ARQUEOLOGIA DA PASSAGEM
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Marcos
Published: June 2023

O artigo trata de uma arqueologia da passagem no pensamento de Danielle Perin Rocha Pitta com base num estudo mitohermenêutico, vinculado ao Círculo de Eranos [1927-1988], feito pelo autor que se desdobra nos vetores de pluralismo, diálogo, profundidade, corpo e o sagrado em transversalidade através das distinções entre imaginário e imaginal (alam al-mithal) em Nikolay Berdyaev, Henry Corbin e Gilbert Durand, além das contribuições de Martin Heidegger à hermenêutica e os papéis precursores do sufismo de Ibn’ Arabî e da gnose em Jacob Boëhme, constituindo o campo de investigações do Imaginário e sobre o Imaginário. Pretende-se evidenciar as diferenciações técnicas e precisas com as usuras e banalidades que o termo vem recebendo na contemporaneidade, e em especial, no âmbito dos pós-modernismos e da “midiotia” geral.
Blue Light Therapy in the Management of Chronic Wounds: A Narrative Review of its Physiological Basis and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Zhang Daniel , Leong Adriel , McMullin Gabrielle
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Chronic wounds are a significant problem worldwide, with substantial cost to health care systems; thus, a minimally invasive and well-tolerated treatment is attractive. Blue light has shown promise in wound healing through the principle of photobiomodulation. Objective. This review examines the physiological effects of blue light on tissue and the hypothesis that appropriate application of blue light in conjunction with SOC improves wound healing compared with SOC alone. Methods. The authors searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library to identify literature on the mechanism of action of blue light and then examined the clinical evidence. Results. Key physiological pathways of blue light include generation of ROS and nitric oxide, resulting in promotion of angiogenesis, reduced inflammation, and direct antimicrobial effects. These reactions are seen only at low doses; in fact, higher doses may be harmful to tissue. The only primary study with statistical analyses demonstrated wound area reduction of 51% (P =.007) in blue light–irradiated wounds compared with SOC alone. Conclusions. Blue light applied following a strict protocol is safe and shows promise in the management of chronic wounds. The current evidence is poor, however, and randomized trials are required to confirm its clinical utility.
Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Assessment: A Study of Karnataka, India
Authors: Naik Deepa D. , Kunte Pravin D.
Published: June 2023

Coastal regions are changing due to environmental pressures and anthropogenic impacts such as coastal development and planning, ultimately becoming sensitive to unpredicted natural and manmade calamities. The scientific assessment requires an understanding of the relative vulnerability of the coast across a region, and, for this purpose, vulnerability indices are often used. This study is an integrated coastal vulnerability index for the Karnataka coastline, incorporating both physical variables and socio-economic indicators. To study the overall vulnerability of a region at the taluka level using the typical physical variables characterizing coastal vulnerability e.g. historical shoreline change, rate of relative sea-level change, coastal regional elevation, coastal slope, mean tidal range, significant wave height and geomorphology. Physical indicators are then combined with the outcomes of an assessment of socio-economic vulnerability developed using population and tourist density and education as indicators like human development index (HDI), composite taluka development index (CTDI) and urban development index (UDI), resulting in a more holistic assessment of vulnerability. The resulting vulnerability map describes the taluka as most vulnerable to physical indicators and also provides information on the nature of vulnerability in terms of its physical and socio-economic components intending to inform adaptation decision-making.
A Critical Look at Bonding Evolution Theory: Re-examining the NH3 Umbrella Inversion and the H3C-CH3 and H3B-NH3 Dissociations
Authors: Ayarde Henríquez Leandro , Guerra Cristian , Duque-Noreña Mario , Chamorro Eduardo
Published: June 2023

This paper revisits the assignment basis of elementary catastrophes proposed by Silvi and collaborators [J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 7277–7282] to characterize the inversion of ammonia as well as the dissociation of both ethane and ammonia borane molecules. Herein, we stress the need and significance of considering Thom’s works fundamentals for a correctly assigning the parametric function describing cleavage and forming of bonds along a reaction pathway. Monitoring the determinant of the Hessian matrix at potentially degenerate critical points and the relative distance between them revealed an unexpected finding: no elliptic umbilic occurs along the reaction pathway for any of the systems, in contrast to the previous report. This result significantly simplifies the rationalization of electron rearrangements in the ground state. The requirement of some conditions encompassing the symmetry of the electron density becomes a tool for, a priori, predicting the type of catastrophic bifurcations describing any reaction mechanism, which is consistent with recent observations. Therefore, elementary catastrophes constitute a fingerprint of the existence and persistence (or of the lack of any) of the electron density symmetry along a reaction path. These results challenge the past and most actual applications of BET original version for describing chemical reactions in systems ranging from the gas phase to the solid state.
Machine Learning Seams of Conical Intersection: A Characteristic Polynomial Approach
Authors: Wang Tzu Yu , Neville Simon , Schuurman Michael
Published: June 2023

The machine learning of potential energy surfaces (PESs) has undergone rapid progress in recent years. The vast majority of this work, however, has been focused on the learning of ground state PESs. To reliably extend machine learning protocols to excited state PESs, the occurrence of seams of conical intersections between adiabatic electronic states must be correctly accounted for. This introduces a serious problem, for at such points the adiabatic potentials are not differentiable to any order, complicating the application of standard machine learning methods. We show that this issue may be overcome by instead learning the coordinate-dependent coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a simple decomposition of the potential matrix. We demonstrate that, through this approach, quantitatively accurate machine learning models of seams of conical intersection may be constructed.
Unravelling Irreversible Adsorbate Thermodynamics through Adsorption Assisted Desorption
Authors: Abdelrahman Omar , Lawal Ajibola
Published: June 2023

Strongly bound surface species like alkylamines adsorbed on the Brønsted acid site of aluminosilicate zeolites exhibit negligible rates of desorption, preventing them from achieving an equilibrated state on experimentally relevant timescales that limit the elucidation of their adsorption thermodynamics. Through adsorption assisted desorption, whereby distinct alkylamines facilitate desorption from Brønsted acid sites, we demonstrate that equilibrated states are achieved. Breakthrough adsorption measurements reveal that while sec-butylammonium on a Brønsted acid site is irreversibly adsorbed, it is readily desorbed when exposed to a distinct alkylamine like isopropylamine. As a result, two-adsorbate equilibrium was achieved when exposing Brønsted acid sites of aluminosilicate zeolites to a binary vapor phase alkylamine mixture. By varying relative vapor phase partial pressures and temperatures, we demonstrate the ability to experimentally measure the adsorption enthalpy and entropy of alkylammonium adsorbates on the mostly isolated Brønsted acid sites of H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 140). A multi-adsorbate Langmuir isotherm was found to quantitatively describe the co-adsorption of alkylamines varying in size and basicity over a wide range of conditions, through which the relative adsorption enthalpy and entropy of alkylamines was measured. Across a homologous family of sec-alkylamines (C3-C5) adsorbed on isolated Bronsted acid sites, a fixed contribution to the enthalpy (19 ± 4 kJ mol CH2-1) and entropy (25 ± 4 J mol CH2-1 K-1) of adsorption per methylene unit of was found to exist, likely resulting from electrostatic interactions between the alkyl chain and surrounding pore environment.
Cerium Phosphate-Assisted Formation of Nucleosides and Nucleotides from Formamide in a One-Pot (Photo)catalytic Reaction
Authors: Gilboa Shoval , Panz Larisa , Arbell Nitai , Paz Yaron
Published: June 2023

The abiotic formation of nucleotides from small, simple molecules is of large interest in the context of elucidating the origin of life scenario. In what follows it is shown that nucleosides and nucleotides can be formed from formamide in a one-pot reaction utilizing the mineral Cerium Phosphate (CePO4) as both a photocatalyst, a catalyst and a reactant that supplies the necessary phosphate groups. While the most abundant RNA / DNA building blocks were thymidine and thymidine monophosphate, considerable yield of other building blocks such as cytidine, cytidine monophosphate and adenosine cyclic monophosphate were found. Comparing the yield of nucleosides and nucleotides under light conditions to that in the dark suggests that in the presence of cerium phosphate, light promotes the formation of nucleobases, whereas the formation of nucleotides from nucleosides from nucleobases can take place even in the absence of light.
Analysis: A Figure of Merit for Efficiency Roll-off in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Diesing Stefan , Zhang Le , Zysman-Colman Eli , Samuel Ifor
Published: June 2023

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are a revolutionary self-emitting display technology that has been successfully commercialized in mobile phones and TVs. The injected charges form both singlet and triplet excitons, and for high efficiency it is important to enable dark triplets to emit light. Currently materials that harvest triplets by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are a very active field of research as an alternative to phosphorescent emitters which frequently employ heavy metal atoms. Whilst excellent progress has been made, there is a severe decrease of efficiency as the drive current is increased, i.e. efficiency roll-off, in most TADF OLEDs. At present much of the literature suggests that efficiency roll-off should be reduced by minimising the energy difference between singlet and triplet excited states in order to maximise the rate of conversion of triplets to singlets via reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC). We analyse the efficiency roll-off in a wide range of TADF OLEDs and find that neither of these parameters fully accounts for the reported efficiency roll-off. By considering the dynamic equilibrium between singlets and triplets in TADF materials, we propose new figures of merit (FOMs) for efficiency roll-off and discuss their correlation with reported data of TADF OLEDs. Our new FOMs will guide the design and development of TADF-OLEDs with lower efficiency roll-off. This will also lead to improved efficiency of TADF OLEDs at realistic display operating conditions and help expand the use of TADF materials to applications that require high brightness, such as lighting, augmented reality, and lasing.
Chemoselective Esterification of Natural and Prebiotic 1,2-Amino Alcohol Amphiphiles in Water
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Tanwar Lalita , Fracassi Alessandro , Brea Roberto , Salvador-Castell Marta , Khanal Satyam , Sinha Sunil , Devaraj Neal
Published: June 2023

In cells, a vast number of membrane lipids are formed by the enzymatic O-acylation of polar head groups with fatty acylating agents such as acyl-CoAs. While such ester containing lipids appear to be a requirement to life on Earth, it is unclear if similar types of lipids could have spontaneously formed in the absence of enzymatic machinery at the origin of life. There are few examples of enzyme-free esterification of lipids in water and none that can occur in water at physiological pH using biochemically analogous acylating agents. Here we report the unexpected chemoselective O-acylation of 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles in water directed by Cu(II) and several other transition metals. In buffers containing Cu(II) ions, mixing biological 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles such as sphingosylphosphorylcholine with biochemically relevant acylating agents, namely acyl adenylates and acyl-CoAs, leads to the formation of the O-acylation product with high selectivity. The resulting O-acylated sphingolipids self-assemble into vesicles with markedly different biophysical properties than those formed from their N-acyl counterparts. We also demonstrate that Cu(II) can direct the O-acylation of alternative 1,2-amino alcohols, including prebiotically relevant 1,2-amino alcohol amphiphiles suggesting that simple mechanisms for aqueous esterification may have been prevalent on Earth before the evolution of enzymes.
In situ Hyperpolarization Enables Benchtop NMR of Heteronuclei at Natural Isotopic Abundance
Authors: Kircher Raphael , Xu Jingyan , Barskiy Danila
Published: June 2023

Without employing isotopic labeling, we demonstrate generation of 15N and 13C NMR signals for molecules containing -NH2 motifs using benchtop NMR spectrometers (1-1.4 T). Specifically, high-SNR detection of ammonia, 4-aminopyridine, benzylamine, and phenethylamine dissolved in methanol or dichloromethane, is demonstrated after only 10 seconds of parahydrogen bubbling using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and applying a pulse sequence based on spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC). Optimization of the sequence parameters allowed achieving up to 12 % 15N and 0.4 % 13C polarization in situ without need for the sample transfer typically employed in other hyperpolarization methods. The provided methodology can find applications for detecting mM concentrated solution-state chemicals in various samples relevant to industry and research.
Shedding Light on the Stakeholders' Perspectives for Carbon Capture
Authors: Charalambous Charithea , Moubarak Elias , Schilling Johannes , Sanchez Fernandez Eva , Wang Jin-Yu , Herraiz Laura , Mcilwaine Fergus , Jablonka Kevin Maik , Moosavi Seyed Mohamad , Van Herck Joren , Mouchaham Georges , Serre Christian , Bardow André , Smit Berend , Garcia Susana
Published: June 2023

Reducing CO2 emissions requires urgently deploying large-scale carbon capture technologies, amongst other strategies. The quest for optimum technologies is a multi-objective problem involving various stakeholders. Today's research of these technologies follows a sequential approach, with chemists focusing first on material design and engineers subsequently seeking the optimal process. Eventually, this combination of materials and processes operates at a scale that significantly impacts the economy and the environment. Understanding these impacts requires analyzing factors such as greenhouse gas emissions over the lifetime of the capture plant, which now constitutes one of the final steps. In this work, we present the PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform, which seamlessly connects materials, process design, techno-economics, and life-cycle assessment. We compare over sixty case studies in which CO2 is captured from different sources in five world regions with different technologies. These studies illustrate how the platform simultaneously informs all stakeholders: identifying the cheapest technology and optimal process configuration, revealing the molecular characteristics of top-performing materials, determining the best locations, and informing on environmental impacts, co-benefits, and trade-offs. Our platform brings together all stakeholders at an early stage of research, which is essential to accelerate innovations at a time this is most needed.
MS2Mol: A transformer model for illuminating dark chemical space from mass spectra
Authors: Butler Thomas , Frandsen Abraham , Lightheart Rose , Bargh Brian , Bollerman TJ , Kerby Thomas , West Kiana , Voronov Gennady , Moon Kevin , Kind Tobias , Dorrestein Pieter , Allen August , Colluru Viswa , Healey David
Published: June 2023

The ability to identify small molecules in complex samples from their mass spectra is among the grand challenges of analytical chemistry. Improvements to this ability could significantly advance fields as diverse as drug discovery, diagnostics, environmental science, and synthetic biology. A primary bottleneck is that standard structure elucidation technologies are limited to identifying only those molecules that are contained in databases of known spectra or molecular structures and are therefore not well suited to identifying the vast majority of potentially billions of natural metabolites, whose structures are not yet catalogued. To improve the identification of molecular structures within this vast dark chemical space, we present MS2Mol, a \textit{de novo} structure prediction model based on a generative sequence to sequence transformer. We also release EnvedaDark, a first-of-its-kind for benchmarking identification performance on unknown metabolites. EnvedaDark contains experimental mass spectra from 226 natural products not currently found in major databases. We demonstrate on this challenging dataset that MS2Mol is able to predict 21\% of molecular structures to within a close-match accuracy threshold and 62\% to within meaningful similarity, both of which are significant improvements over the closest match retrieved using standard database methods. We further present a confidence scorer that enables practical usage for novel molecule discovery and enriches the accuracy on meaningfully-similar and close-match thresholds to 98\% and 63\%, respectively, for the top 10\% most confident predictions.
The effect of government support on global branding strategies: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: AKSOY Hasan
Published: June 2023

This study investigates how government support affects branding strategies in Turkey. As the metodology, interviews were used focus group interviews to elicit the managers' thoughts. Drawing upon a focus group interview containing one Turkish carpet company that is in the TURQUALITY program from 2019 to 2022, the effect of government support on local brands to become global brands’ ability has been investigated. The results show that senior management support is needed to prepare the company’s plan, and the importance of increasing the use of digital sales as well as traditional channels should be included among the targets. Another important conclusion suggested by our results is that government incentives would suffice to drive internationalization and sales success. Beyond that, the most significant contributions to companies' marketing and brand performances by government support are increasing the international sales compound annual growth rate and shifting the company from a production-focused to a marketing-focused company.
A comparative analysis of localization scheme in wireless interfaced networks
Authors: Pavankumar D. , Jambukesh H. J. , Sanjeevkumar Harihar
Published: June 2023

Wireless networks have become an integral part of modern life, offering seamless connectivity and supporting various applications. However, achieving accurate node localization remains a significant challenge, particularly in environments where signal propagation is affected by obstacles, reflections, and interference. To address these challenges, a dynamic triangular algorithm method is proposed for node localization. This novel model aims to enhance the throughput, data rate, and efficiency of wireless communication systems in both Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) scenarios.
Construction and Optimization of a Financial Early Warning System Based on Big Data and Deep Learning Technology
Authors: Yang Jing
Published: June 2023

New technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, mobile internet, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and blockchain have brought about significant changes and development in the financial industry. Predicting the financial situation of enterprises, reducing the probability of uncertainty risks, and reducing the likelihood of financial crises have become important issues in enterprise financial crisis warning. In view of the issues in enterprise financial early warning systems such as lag, low accuracy, and high warning costs in data analysis, a financial early warning system based on big data and deep learning technology has been established, taking into account the different situations of listed and non-listed companies. This carries significance in improving the accuracy of enterprise financial early warning and promoting timely and effective decision-making.
TASNİF DÖNEMİNDE HADİSÇİLERİN ÜCRET KARŞILIĞINDA HADİS RİVAYET EDEN RAVİLERE YAKLAŞIMI (NESAİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: TATAR Veli , AGİTOĞLU Nurullah
Published: June 2023

Tasnif döneminde muhaddisler, hadisin sonraki nesillere sağlam bir şekilde aktarılması için gerekli titizliği göstermiş ve bunu bir ibadet gibi kabul etmişlerdir. Hadisleri sağlam bir şekilde sonraki nesillere ulaştırmak, sahih olanlar ile zayıf ve mevzu olanları birbirinden ayırmak için hadislerin isnadındaki ravilerin cerh ve tadil durumlarını araştırmış ve rivayet titizliği bu şekilde devam etmiştir. Dolayısıyla hadisleri rivayet eden ravilerin cerh ve ta’dil durumları incelenmiş ve hadislerin sıhhat durumu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kur’an’dan sonra ikinci kaynak olarak kabul edilen hadislerin sıhhatine zarar vereceği düşünülen ücret karşılığında hadis rivayetinde bulunan ravilerin bu durumu da tartışılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Hadis alanında temel kaynaklarının telif edildiği tasnif döneminde muhaddislerin hadisleri ücret karşılığında rivayet eden ravilere olan yaklaşımlarının nasıl olduğunu incelemek gerekmektedir. Söz konusu dönemde hadisçilerin ücretle hadis rivayet eden ravilere gösterdikleri tavrın genel serencamına değinildikten sonra özel olarak Nesâî’nin Sünen’inden hareketle onun bu ravilere yaklaşımına ve bunu eserine yansıtıp yansıtmadığına değinilecektir. Böylece Nesâî özelinde tasnif dönemi muhaddislerinin maddi menfaat karşılığında hadis rivayet eden ravilere olan yaklaşımları ve bu davranışın ravinin mürûetine zarar verip vermediği hususları tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
İSLÂM HUKUKUNDA HÜKME ETKİSİ AÇISINDAN DEVİR (KISIR DÖNGÜ) PROBLEMİ
Authors: KILIÇ Halil
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı ilk dönem eserlerde yoğun tartışmaların yaşandığı devir/kısır döngü probleminin şer‘î hükümlere etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Felsefe ve mantıkta bir akıl yürütme yanlışı olarak imkânsız görülen devir, fıkıhta “hükmün varlığının, yokluğunu gerektirmesi” şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Fürû-u fıkıh kaynaklarında özellikle talâkla ilgili Süreyciyye meselesi üzerinden ele alınan devir, lafzî/yapay ve hukmî olmak üzere ikili bir tasnife tabi tutulmuştur. Devirsel meselelerde en kilit nokta döngünün gerçekte var olup olmadığının tespit edilmesidir. Birçok devirsel meselede fakihlerin ihtilafı bu mihverde cereyan etmiştir. Bu aşamadan sonra tespiti gerçekleşen devrin doğal seyri takip edildiğinde varlık ve yokluk gibi birbirine zıt iki durumla baş başa kalan şer‘î hükmün, bu ikilemden kurtarılarak döngünün sonlandırılması gerekmektedir. Döngünün kesilmesi için döngüyü oluşturan hükümler içerisinde iptal edilmeye elverişli en uygun hükmün tespiti önem arz eder. Döngünün sonlandırılmasıyla çelişkiden kurtarılan hükmün aklî ve şer‘î tutarlığı sağlanmış olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dört mezhebe ait kaynaklarda devir problemi çerçevesinde çözümlenmiş önemli meseleler tespit edilerek tahlil edilmiştir.
İNGİLTERE’NİN ŞARK SİYASETİ VE OSMANLI VİLAYAT-I ŞARKİYESİ’NE ETKİLERİ
Authors: EKİNCİ Mehmet Rezan
Published: June 2023

Şark Meselesi, Osmanlı Devleti’nin 18. yüzyıldan itibaren belirgin bir gerileme sürecine girmesiyle beraber özelde Avrupa’dan çıkarılması veya Osmanlı Devleti’nin paylaşılması ve tasfiye edilmesine kadar esnetilebilen bir kavramdır. Bu anlamda batılı güçlerin tamamının uzlaştığı ortak noktaları barındırsa da gerçekte her bir batılı devletin kendi çıkarına münhasır birden fazla “şark meselesi” ve şark siyaseti vardır. Osmanlı’nın 19. ve 20. yüzyılları göz önüne alındığında bu mesele etrafında en fazla rekabet eden iki aktörden biri sıcak denizlere inme teşebbüsünü hedef haline getiren Rusya ile uzakdoğu sömürge yollarında rakip kabul etmeye yanaşmaz bir İngiltere bulunmaktaydı. Özellikle bu iki devletin şark meselesinde çelişen menfaatleri, Osmanlı’nın son yüzyılındaki diplomasisinde önemli bir meşguliyete tekabül eder.

Şark Meselesi’nin batılı devletler nezdinde farklı çıkarlara göre anlamlar ve siyaset tarzları geliştirmesine benzer şekilde, bu meselenin Osmanlı Vilayat-ı Şarkiyesini de kapsar biçimde farklı anlamlar ve politikalar içerdiği belirtilmelidir. Özellikle Berlin Antlaşması’nı müteakip azınlık ve Ermeni meseleleri üzerinden Akdeniz’den başlayarak Basra’ya kadar uzanan Osmanlı’nın şarki sahasında ve uluslararası ekonomik pazarlar üzerinden İngiltere ile Rusya başta olmak üzere batılı güçlerin rekabetinin arttığı bir meseleye dönüşmüştür. Ayrıca İngiltere’nin Osmanlı’nın toprak bütünlüğünü parçalama siyaseti güttüğünü iddia eden söylemin aksine, Vilayat-ı Şarkiye’de tersi bir politika güttüğü anlaşılmaktadır. Bu realiteyi İngiltere’nin Şeyh Ubeydullah gibi bölgede çıkan bazı isyanlardaki Osmanlı yanlısı tutumunda tesbit etmek mümkündür.

Bu çalışmada, başta Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri olmak üzere hatırı sayılır miktardaki hatıra, rapor ve seyahatname türünden kaynaklara başvurulmuştur.
Mapeamento Sistemático da literatura sobre a Lei 10.639/03, do Parecer CNE/CP 3/2004 e seus impactos insatisfatórios na BNCC
Authors: Pereira Mota Maria Elizabete , Santos Cruz José Anderson
Published: June 2023

Esta pesquisa apresentada ao Programa de Educação Continuada em  Economia  e  Gestão  de  Empresas, curso de Pós Graduação em Gestão Escolar da Universidade de São Paulo (Esalq) tem como objetivo gerar um mapeamento sistemático com análise documental da Lei 10639/03 (Brasil, 2003) e do Parecer CNE/CP 3/2004 (Brasil, 2004) e seus impactos na BNCC realizando uma análise da situação atual no que tange ao insucesso da implementação da Lei 10639/2003 (Brasil, 2003) próxima de completar 20 anos e quais obstáculos deverão ser superados para que a gestão escolar possa aderir tal lei, gerando uma educação étnico-racial satisfatória, que garanta mudanças sociais extremamente importantes para toda a população brasileira. Tomamos como lentes teóricas e metodológicas a revisão de artigos e teses de conclusão de curso publicados nos últimos quatro anos (2018-2022) para a análise atual dos esforços de implementação, além de livros dos autores: Silvio Almeida, Leila Hernandez e Juliana Jodas para a composição teórica sobre racismo, história da África e uma análise sobre a primeira década da lei 10639/2003 (Brasil, 2003) e da luta dos movimentos sociais negros para promulgá-la. Este trabalho se insere no campo dos Estudos Culturais, de forma específica nos estudos das Relações Étnico-raciais e problematiza os livros didáticos, a falta de formação continuada de professores, os currículos escolares e o contexto político atual no âmbito deste insucesso, tentando apontar possíveis mudanças que poderiam fazer a diferença na implementação da lei, considerando que o sucesso desta implementação garantirá a todos os brasileiros uma educação muito mais ampla e verdadeira, mais diversa e inclusiva, reduzindo os preconceitos, considerando a educação como um caminho para diminuir o racismo estrutural.
Formy ochrony prawnej udzielanej przez sądy powszechne i administracyjne oraz wybrane problemy negatywnych sporów kompetencyjnych między tymi sądami
Authors: Romańska Marta
Published: June 2023

Równoległe działanie wielu sądów sprawujących wymiar sprawiedliwości wymaga jasnego rozdzielenia pomiędzy nimi zadań, by nie powstawały problemy ze wskazaniem, który sąd powinien rozpoznać sprawę. Jeśli to wymaganie nie jest spełnione, to między sądami dochodzi do sporów kompetencyjnych. Spór kompetencyjny może też zaistnieć między organami zaliczanymi do różnych segmentów władzy – do władzy sądowniczej i wykonawczej, a w jej ramach – administracji. Jest to spowodowane tym, że istnieją zadania z zakresu ochrony prawnej, co do których ustawodawca podejmuje decyzje o przypisaniu ich sądom lub organom administracji, kierując się nie zawsze jasnymi przesłankami.

Decyzja podjęta przez prawodawcę w momencie uchwalenia Konstytucji RP co do tego, jakie sądy mają być w Polsce zorganizowane i jakie sprawy mają pozostawać w zakresie ich kognicji, uwzględniała, ukształtowany w długim procesie historycznym, model podziału zadań między sądy powszechne i administracyjne. Z czasem opis tych zadań uległ pewnym przemianom, lecz nie zmieniły się ich zasadnicze postacie i formy, w jakich poszczególne sądy sprawują wymiar sprawiedliwości.

W opracowaniu wskazano płaszczyzny, na których obecnie mogą ujawnić się spory kompetencyjne między sądami powszechnymi i sądami administracyjnymi oraz organami administracji.

W prawo do sądu jest wpisane założenie, że sprawę powinien rozpoznać nie jakikolwiek organ realizujący zadania z zakresu wymiaru sprawiedliwości, lecz organ „właściwy”, czyli ze względu na stosowaną procedurę, przygotowanie i uprawnienia orzecznicze zdolny do możliwie najlepszego zabezpieczenia praw osoby poszukującej ochrony. W opracowaniu poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy system prawny zabezpiecza instrumenty rozstrzygania sporów kompetencyjnych oraz czy zastosowanie mechanizmów rozstrzygania sporów kompetencyjnych, jeżeli zostały przewidziane, prowadzi do sytuacji, w której ochrona prawna zostanie udzielona zabiegającemu o nią przez sąd właściwy.
Standard ochrony procesowej w postępowaniu odrębnym w sprawach gospodarczych na gruncie poprzedniego i aktualnego stanu prawnego
Authors: Flejszar Radosław
Published: June 2023

W niniejszym opracowaniu w pierwszej kolejności zasygnalizowano problematykę rozpoznawania spraw gospodarczych w polskim systemie prawa cywilnego procesowego w ujęciu historycznym oraz przedstawiono genezę wprowadzenia do tego systemu (w 1989 r.) postępowania w sprawach gospodarczych, a następnie przyczyny jego likwidacji w 2012 r. i ponownego wprowadzenia w zmienionym kształcie w 2019 r. Dalsze rozważania mają na celu udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie o celowość ponownego wprowadzenia i dalszego funkcjonowania postępowania odrębnego w sprawach gospodarczych. Wydawało się, że likwidując to postępowanie z dniem 3 maja 2012 r., ustawodawca jednoznacznie wskazał na kierunek dalszych zmian – tj. na konieczność ograniczenia do minimum liczby postępowań procesowych odrębnych, a tym samym zapewnienia jednolitości procesu cywilnego (a więc ujednolicenia standardu ochrony procesowej w procesie cywilnym). Tymczasem przywrócenie postępowania w sprawach gospodarczych, ale także wprowadzanie nowych postępowań odrębnych (m.in. postępowania w sprawach z zakresu własności intelektualnej oraz postępowania z udziałem konsumentów), wskazuje na odmienny kierunek działań ustawodawcy. Po raz kolejny należy w związku z tym podjąć próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy rzetelne załatwianie spraw gospodarczych nie jest możliwe w „zwykłym” postępowaniu procesowym, przy utrzymaniu zasady, że sprawy te są rozpoznawane w wydziałach gospodarczych (sądach gospodarczych) funkcjonujących w ramach sądownictwa powszechnego. Będzie to zarazem próba odpowiedzi na bardziej ogólne pytanie o uzasadnienie dla różnicowania standardu ochrony procesowej ze względu nie tylko na kryterium przedmiotowe, lecz także kryterium podmiotowe w drodze tworzenia odrębnych postępowań procesowych, a także w ramach tych postępowań.
Udział dłużnika solidarnego w opisie i oszacowaniu nieruchomości należącej do innego dłużnika solidarnego
Authors: Julke Grzegorz
Published: June 2023

W praktyce i doktrynie poważne wątpliwości budzi problematyka uczestników postępowania cywilnego, w tym postępowania egzekucyjnego. Tymczasem prawidłowe określenie podmiotów zobowiązanych do udziału (mogących brać udział) w takim postępowaniu istotnie wpływa na prawidłowość jego przeprowadzenia. Ustalenie kręgu uczestników postępowania egzekucyjnego lub egzekucji budzi szczególne wątpliwości, gdy tytuł wykonawczy wystawiono przeciwko dłużnikom solidarnym. W takiej sytuacji konieczne jest ustalenie pozycji procesowej dłużnika w zależności od tego, czy zostanie on objęty wnioskiem o wszczęcie egzekucji czy też nie, oraz w zależności od tego, do jakiego majątku zostanie skierowana egzekucja. Punktem wyjścia do poczynienia rozważań w tym zakresie będzie konieczność rozróżnienia postępowania egzekucyjnego i egzekucji. Takie wyodrębnienie terminologiczne będzie prowadzić do wniosku, że współdłużnik solidarny niebędący właścicielem (współwłaścicielem) nieruchomości lub innej rzeczy będzie uczestnikiem postępowania egzekucyjnego (z racji objęcia go wnioskiem o wszczęcie egzekucji); nie będzie zaś podstaw do traktowania go jako uczestnika egzekucji (właściwego postępowania egzekucyjnego) z nieruchomości lub innego składnika majątkowego nienależącego do niego.
Квантово-химическое исследование реакции алкилирования бензола циклогекс-4-ен-1,2-дикарбоновой кислотой
Authors: Фирстова А.А. , Кофанов Е.Р.
Published: June 2023

Проведено квантово-химическое исследование реакции алкилирования по Фриделю-Крафтсу бензола циклогекс-4-ен-1,2-дикарбоновой кислотой. Методом функционала плотности (DFT) и неэмпирическим методом Хартри-Фока (HF) рассчитаны параметры исходных соединений, продуктов, а также переходных соединений. Теоретически установленные энтальпии образования показывают, что, образование (1R,2S,4R)-4-фенилциклогексан-1,2-дикарбоновой кислоты (син-продукта) более выгодно, чем (1R,2S,4S)-4-фенилциклогексан-1,2-дикарбоновой кислоты (анти-продукта). Полученные данные подтверждены ВЭЖХ и 1H-1H NOESY спектроскопией. Результаты квантово-химического исследования и эксперимента показывают, что реакция алкилирования по Фриделю-Крафтсу бензола циклогекс-4-ен-1,2-дикарбоновой кислотой и дальнейшие модификации продукта регио- и стереоселективны.
Síndrome de burnout en profesionales de enfermería en tiempos de la COVID-19: un estudio transversal en Yucatán, México
Authors: Pool Baas Cilvia Guadalupe , May Euán José Fernando
Published: June 2023

Introducción: El síndrome de burnout se define como aquel padecimiento caracterizado por agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal en el trabajo. Objetivo: Identificar si los puntajes medios de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal fueron diferentes con base en las variables sociodemográficas del personal de enfermería del Hospital Regional Elvia Carrillo Puerto durante el brote por COVID-19 en el año 2020. Metodología: Estudio observacional y transversal. Se incluyeron 229 enfermeros del Hospital Regional Elvia Carrillo Puerto en Mérida, Yucatán, México seleccionados por cuotas en diferentes jornadas laborales. Se utilizó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory en su versión en español, de manera autoadministrado. Los datos se procesaron mediante el programa SPSS versión 20. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité del instituto. Resultados: Los promedios de AE, DP y RP fueron 15,27 (DE: 11,4), 4,85 (DE: 4,8) y 37,4 (DE: 7.7); la DP mostró diferencias significativas por el nivel de escolaridad y tipo de contrato; RP y AE mostraron diferencias significativas por el número de empleos; AE, DP y RP tuvieron diferencias al agruparlas con base en el estado civil Conclusión: La salud mental del personal de enfermería del Hospital Regional Elvia Carrillo Puerto se vio vulnerada durante la contención del brote por SARS-CoV-2, sobretodo en personas separadas, con tres o más empleos, contratados temporalmente y nivel alto de formación educativa.
Ansiedad matemática en estudiantes mexicanos de ingeniería: correlación con el pensamiento matemático y el razonamiento Covariacional
Authors: González-Quiñones Fidel , Tarango Javier , Bojorquez Karla
Published: June 2023

La ansiedad matemática suele considerarse como un factor de influencia negativa en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Ante este supuesto, se desarrolló esta investigación, la cual basa su recolección de datos en dos instrumentos desarrollados exprofeso, mismos que se aplicaron a una muestra de 215 estudiantes inscritos en primer semestre de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), México, con un diseño de investigación caracterizado por ser cuantitativo, no experimental y transeccional. Los hallazgos del estudio indican que los participantes presentan: (1) nivel medio de ansiedad matemática; (2) nivel sobresaliente en pensamiento matemático; y (3) coordinación gruesa de valores en razonamiento Covariacional. De los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que la relevancia de este estudio se caracteriza por dos situaciones: (1) el poco desarrollo investigativo atendido en el tema, especialmente con enfoque a estudiantes universitarios de ingeniería; (2) la posibilidad de realización de diagnósticos similares sobre los contextos previos de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso; y (3) la derivación de estrategias para mejorar procesos de admisión y permanencia.
Dental materials science curriculum in Malaysia: Time for transformation
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Ng Yook Shiang , Foong Chan Choong
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Dental materials science is one of the core courses for Malaysian undergraduate dental programmes, which has been primarily taught through a series of didactic lectures during the preclinical phase. In accordance with the newly revised national competency statement, Malaysian dental education is moving toward competency-based education, hence a reformation of the dental materials science curriculum is warranted.
Methods: Curriculum design including common teaching, learning and assessments methods for the Malaysian dental materials science were described and analysed. The common practices were reviewed and compared with latest national guidelines and literature.
Results: There is yet an initiative to establish a national curriculum for dental materials science. The use of traditional teaching strategies for this course also needs to be revamped from a teacher-centred to a student-centred approach. Furthermore, faculty members are facing significant challenges because the revamp requires them to explore cutting-edge pedagogical methods and develop appropriate learning opportunities, environments, resources, and assessments. Several recommendations are proposed, such as mapping the existing dental materials science curriculum to identify gaps, incorporating more hands-on sessions, implementing an integrated curriculum, introducing various formative and summative assessments, as well as recruiting faculty members with different areas of educational expertise.
Conclusion: It is hoped that this article offers a clearer pathway for Malaysian dental educators to pioneer new insight and transform the existing dental materials science curriculum.