bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ON THE BINDING AND BACTERIOSTATIC PROPERTIES OF LACTOFERRIN AND VITAMIN B12 BINDER IN HUMAN MILK
Authors: SAMSON R. R. , MIRTLE C. , McCLELLAND D. B. L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Samson, R. R., Mirtle, C. and McClelland, D. B. L. (University Department of Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland). The effect of digestive enzymes on the binding and bacteriostatic properties of lactoferrin and vitamin B12 binder in human milk. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:517, 1980.—Human milk contains unsaturated lactoferrin and vitamin B12 binding protein. It has been suggested that these proteins may exert antibacterial effects in the intestine of the breast fed infant, but the effect of the intestinal environment on the antibacterial effect of these proteins has not been described. In this study human milk was treated with pepsin and trypsin and the influence of digestion on iron and vitamin B12 binding capacity, bacterial uptake of iron and vitamin B12 from milk and bacteriostatic effect was studied. Pepsin digestion had no effect on vitamin B12 binding capacity, or the ability of bacteria to take up vitamin B12, or the growth inhibitory effect on a vitamin B12 dependant strain. In contrast, pepsin digestion (or low pH alone) released iron from milk and abolished its bacteriostatic effect. Trypsin digestion slightly reduced the molecular size of the vitamin B12 binding protein without releasing free vitamin B12; the bacteriostatic effect on a vitamin B12 dependant organism was, however, abolished. In contrast, trypsin digestion did not affect iron binding or bacteriostatic effects attributable to lactoferrin. The findings support an in vivo bacteriostatic role for lactoferrin in the breast fed neonate's intestine but do not support a similar role for the vitamin B12 binding protein.
CONGENITAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS COMBINED WITH PROTEIN‐LOSING ENTEROPATHY AND RECURRENT THROMBOSIS
Authors: PEDERSEN P. S. , TYGSTRUP I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pedersen, P. S. and Tygstrup, I. (University Clinic of Paediatrics and Laboratory of Pathology, Copenhagen, Denmark). Congenital hepatic fibrosis combined with protein‐losing enteropathy and recurrent thrombosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 571, 1980.—Two siblings, suffering from recurrent thrombosis and protein‐losing enteropathy are presented. Histopathological examination of the liver in one of the patients, who died of multiple thrombosis, showed changes characteristic of Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis. Coagulation studies in the second child revealed decreased antithrombin‐III in plasma, which might have had pathogenetic implications for the thrombosis tendency seen in both patients.
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS IN OSLO 1972–1978
Authors: CARLSEN K.‐H. , ORSTAVIK I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Carlsen, K,‐H. and Ørstavik, I. (Department of Paediatrics and Microbiological Laboratory, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway). Respiratory syncytial virus infections in Oslo 1972–1978. II. Clinical and laboratory studies. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:723, 1980.—Patient records from 422 children admitted to hospital during 6 winter outbreaks of RSV infection were examined retrospectively. Bronchiolitis (255 patients) and pneumonia (98 patients) were the most common diagnoses. Otitis media (76 patients) occurred as a complication to these conditions. Children at risk for contracting severe illness caused by RSV were infants below the age of one year, more often boys than girls. Of the children older than two years, 32% had already been diagnosed as asthmatics. Children with otitis media had more often positive bacteriological findings from nasopharyngeal swabs than children with bronchiolitis only. No such significant difference was found between patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Rapid virus diagnosis by immunofluorescence led to a decreasing utilisation of antibiotics in patients with bronchiolitis and to a shorter stay in hospital. The value of antibiotics in these infections is discussed.
SERUM LIPIDS IN MATERNAL/CORD BLOOD PAIRS FROM NORMAL AND LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
Authors: BOERSMA E. R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Boersma, E. R. (Department of Child Health, Muhimbili Medical Centre, incorporating the Faculty of Medicine, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). Serum lipids in maternal/cord blood pairs from normal and low birthweight infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:747, 1980.—Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride were determined in the cord blood of 54 term appropriate for gestational age, 14 preterm appropriate for gestational age and 17 small‐for‐dates infants and their mothers immediately after delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The mean serum level of total cholesterol in cord blood of term appropriate for gestational age infants was 1.9 mmol/l, whereas that from their mothers 6.3 mmol/l. Cord serum triglyceride values in term appropriate for gestational age infants were 0.29 mmol/l and from their mothers 1.91 mmol/l. Results of these maternal cord serum lipids in the normal and low birthweight groups are similar to those of Western countries.
INTERRUPTED AORTIC ARCH IN TWO SIBLINGS
Authors: BUCH JAN , WENNEVOLD ALF , EFSEN FRITZ , ANDERSEN GUNNAR EG
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Buch, J., Wennevold, A., Efsen, F. and Andersen, G. E. (Cardiovascular Laboratory of Medical Department B, Cardiovascular Section of Department of Diagnostic Radiology X and Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Interrupted aortic arch in two siblings. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 783, 1980.—Two siblings with identical malformations consisting of complete interruption of the aortic arch, type B, ventricular septa) defect, patent ductus arteriosus and anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery are described. Five other unrelated patients with interrupted aortic arch have been investigated in the years 1971–79. Of their 6 siblings, one had a coarctation of the aorta, while 5 were normal. Together with future reports this may help us to elucidate the genetics of this entity and may improve genetic counselling.
UNUSUAL CLINICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES IN A BOY WITH BIOCHEMICALLY TYPICAL MANNOSIDOSIS
Authors: GORDON B. A. , CARSON R. , HAUST M. DARIA
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Gordon, B. A., Carson, R. and Haust, M. Daria (Departments of Biochemistry, Paediatrics and Pathology, the Children's Psychiatric Research Institute, and the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada). Unusual clinical and ultrastructural features in a boy with biochemically typical mannosidosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 787, 1980.—A 4½‐year‐old boy with a history of recurring respiratory tract infections and seizures, and evidence of severe retardation of psychomotor development and growth, lacked the coarse facial features, skeletal changes and other clinical stigmata generally associated with mannosidosis, but the total α‐mannosidase activity in his leukocytes, cultured fibroblasts and liver were no more than 10% of the control mean. Studies of the residual α‐mannosidase enzyme suggest a specific deficiency of the thermostable isoenzyme with an acidic pH optimum. The α‐mannosidase in the fibroblasts of our and another (control) patient with mannosidosis had a reduced affinity for the substrate 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐α‐D‐mannoside. Light micros‐copy of the liver biopsy showed an increase in connective tissue often distorting the hepatic architecture; numerous tiny vacuoles, small dense and lipid bodies in most hepatocytes, and similar but more extensive changes in sinusoidal cells; and sinusoidal pools of hepatocytic debris. Electron microscopy of hepatocytes revealed vacuoles similar but not identical to those described in reported mannosidosis patients, and in addition several forms of secondary lysosomes; prominent peroxisomes (microbodies); increased numbers of profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum containing traces of fine granulo‐fibrillar material; increased numbers of rosettes of α particles of glycogen and reduced numbers of mitochondria with alterations in their distribution, size and configuration. It is believed that the usual clinical and hepatic ultrastructural features in our patient reflect another variant of mannosidosis.
SERUM CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS IN EARLY INFANCY
Authors: GINSBURG BENGT‐ERIK , ZETTERSTROM ROLF
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ginsburg, B.‐E. and Zetterstrom, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Serum cholesterol concentrations in early infancy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 581, 1980.—Sixteen healthy term infants were followed from birth to the age of 3–6 months. Total cholesterol, VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol were determined in cord serum, in serum obtained 3–10 days after birth (mean age 4.6 days) and at the age of 3–6 months (mean 4.1 months). Mean total cholesterol increased by 1.5 mmol/l during the first 3–10 days and by an additional 1.1 mmol/l during the following 3–6 months. Mean VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol increased by 1.0 mmol/l and 0.9 mmol/l, respectively, and mean HDL‐cholesterol by 0.4 mmol/l and 0.3 mmol/l, respectively, during the same periods. The HDL‐cholesterol: VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol ratio thus fell from 1.5 at birth to 0.8 at the age of 3–10 days and to 0.6 at 3–6 months. In eight breast‐fed infants, the mean total cholesterol level increased by 2.9 mmol/l from birth to the age of 3–6 months. This increase was significantly higher than the increase found in eight infants who received a cow's milk formula—i.e. 2.3 mmol/l. Free and esterified cholesterol were determined in 10 infants. Free cholesterol accounted for about one‐third of the total cholesterol from birth to the age of 3–6 months.
PLASMA FERRITIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PRETERM INFANTS IN CORD BLOOD AND DURING THE EARLY ANAEMIA OF PREMATURITY
Authors: HÅGÅ P.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hågå, P. (Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Research Institute, National Hospital of Norway, and Department of Paediatrics, Oslo City Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway). Plasma ferritin concentrations in preterm infants in cord blood and during the early anaemia of prematurity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 637, 1980.—Ferritin concentrations in cord blood were determined in 22 normal term and 32 preterm infants (birth weights 600–2000 g). Eight of the preterms were SGA infants. AGA preterm infants had significantly lower concentrations than term infants, and the SGA preterm newborn had even lower levels. Plasma ferritin in cord blood of the term and AGA preterm infants correlated positively with plasma iron and transferrin saturations, but not with the transferrin level, while plasma iron and transferrin concentrations correlated positively. In a longitudinal study, 17 AGA preterm infants (birth wights 850–1500 g) were followed during the early anaemia of prematurity. Iron was supplemented from 4 weeks of age. Plasma ferritin rose rapidly during the first days after birth, peak levels being reached at 1–4 weeks. Thereafter linear falls (semilog) occurred with similar slopes in different infants. Transferrin concentrations showed a slow progressive increase from 0–8 weeks. Plasma ferritin, after reaching the peak value, correlated negatively with weight gain. No infant had low ferritin values indicating iron deficiency during the early anaemia.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL ADRENAL HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: NORDSHUS T. , MONN E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Nordshus, T. and Monn, E. (Department of Radiology, Section of Paediatric Radiology and Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway). Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage. Acta Paediatr Scand 69: 695, 1980.—Two cases of neonates with adrenal haemorrhage are presented. The clinical, radiological and ultrasonographical signs are described. The future role of echography as compared to other radiological procedures, including computerized tomography, is discussed. Ultrasonography is recommended as a screening method, and is well suited for assessing the size and internal structure of pathological processes.
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON INSULIN RECEPTORS ON ERYTHROCYTES AND MONOCYTES FROM INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETICS
Authors: PEDERSEN OLUF , BECK‐NIELSEN HENNING , SØRENSEN NIELS SCHWARTZ , HEDING LISE
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Physical exercise is known to improve glucose tolerance and diminish insulin requirements in well treated patients with diabetes mellitus. To ascertain whether these effects of exercise are associated with alterations of insulin receptors, we studied 125I‐in‐sulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes in young, male, insulin treated patients during postprandial bicycle exercise for three hours (nine patients) and during fasting bicycle exercise for two hours (eight patients). Compared to a control period postprandial exercise induced a relative rise in insulin binding to erythrocytes (p<0.01) and monocytes (p<0.01) at insulin tracer concentration (34 pmol per liter). Fasting exercise, as well, caused an absolute increase of insulin binding to erythrocytes (p<0.05) and monocytes (p<0.02) at insulin tracer concentration. No significant relationships were found between changes in plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites (insulin, cortisol, glucagon, glucose, FFA, ketone bodies and lactate) and cellular insulin binding, respectively.

In the entire study a significantly positive correlation was shown between insulin receptors on monocytes and insulin receptors on erythrocytes (r=0.60, p<0.001).

We conclude that acute exercise causes a significant rise in insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes from insulin dependent diabetics. It is suggested that similar changes may occur in working muscle cells contributing to the improved glucose tolerance induced by exercise.
ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN JUVENILE DIABETICS
Authors: LUDVIGSSON JOHNNY , LARSSON YNGVE , SVENSSON P. G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ludvigsson, J., Larsson, Y. and Svensson, P. G. (Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Linköping and Department of Pedagogics, Linköping University, Sweden). Attitudes towards physical exercise in juvenile diabetics. Acta Paed Scand, Suppl. 283: 106, 1980.—Contrary to our recommendations many juvenile diabetics are inactive and rather negative to physical exercise. We have tried to estimate the attitudes towards and motivation for regular physical exercise among juvenile diabetics by interviewing, giving questionnaires to and using a special attitude test. Different groups have been studied, the largest including 138 diabetics aged 1–21 years with age at onset between 1–16 years (7.3±4.0) and duration of diabetes 1–17 years (5.7±3.6). The results are somewhat divergent comparing different patient groups and when using different methods. Generally teenagers seem to be somewhat more negative. According to direct questions in questionnaires or interviews most patients seem to know that physical exercise is important and very few dislike this part of the treatment. However, the special attitude test reveals more mixed feelings. Many patients mean that it is easy to be theoretically positive, but quite another thing to really exercise regularly. Too often physical exercise becomes a medicine instead of a natural pleasant habit. It is important that the hospital staff inform the patients without nagging, and then support and stimulate the patients, and give them adequate responsibility.
INCREASING INCIDENCE OF NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA: CAUSATIVE ORGANISM AND PREDISPOSING RISK FACTORS
Authors: BENNET RUTGER , ERIKSSON MARGARETA , ZETTERSTRöM ROLF
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Bennet, R., Eriksson, M. and Zetterstrom, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Increasing incidence of neonatal septicemia: Causative organism and predisposing risk factors. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:207, 1981. –The incidence of neonatal septicemia in the referral area of St. Göran's Children's Hospital in Stockholm has been studied during a ten‐year period (1969–1978). An increase was noticed during the period 1974–1978 in comparison with the preceding five‐year period. The incidence per 1000 live births was 1.4 and 3.1, respectively. The incidence of osteoarthritis increased from 0.21 to 0.41 per 1000. Mortality rate from neonatal septicemia remained unchanged. Gram‐negative organisms as an etiologic factor seemed to be decreasing while staphylococcal infections have increased. Group B streptococcal infection occurred with the same frequency during the whole period. The low incidence of enteric organisms might be related to the common practice of feeding the babies with milk from their own mothers. Perinatal risk factors were equally common in both five‐year periods. The observed increase of the prevalence of neonatal septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be explained by a higher rate of survival of highly susceptible low‐birthweight infants and other sick neonates treated in the neonatal intensive care unit.
A NEWBORN INFANT WITH CRANIOFACIAL DYSMORPHISM AND POLYSYNDACTYLY (GREIG'S SYNDROME)
Authors: MERLOB P. , GRUNEBAUM M. , REISNER S. H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Merlob, P., Grünebaum, M. and Reisner, S. H. (Departments of Neonatology and Paediatric Radiology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University, Israel). A newborn infant with craniofacial dysmorphism and polysyndactyly (Greig's Syndrome). Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:275, 1981___A newborn infant with craniofacial dysmorphism and polysyndactyly (Greig's Syndrome) is reported. This syndrome is manifested by postaxial Polydactyly of the fingers and preaxial Polydactyly of the toes, with syndactyly. The craniofacial dysmorphism is characterized by frontal bossing and other variable manifestations. X‐ray examination revealed markedly advanced bone age. The mode of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant.
METHOTREXATE IN THE PLASMA AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF CHILDREN TREATED WITH INTERMEDIATE DOSE METHOTREXATE
Authors: RECHNITZER CATHERINE , SCHEIBEL ELMA , HENDEL JØRN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Rechnitzer, C, Scheibel, E. and Hendel, J. (University Clinic of Paediatrics, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark). Methotrexate in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children treated with intermediate dose methotrexate. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:615,.–Serious complications can follow treatment with intermediate dose methotrexate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. Toxicity has been shown to be correlated to plasma methotrexate concentrations. During intravenous infusions of methotrexate (500 mg/m2) the mean concentrations achieved 1 to 41/2 hours after the start of infusion were 1.3×10‐7 mol/l in cerebrospinal fluid and 1.7×10‐5 mol/1 in plasma. At 72 hours after start of methotrexate infusion, plasma methotrexate concentrations were significantly higher in cases with symptoms of toxicity. In all the children who developed toxic symptoms 72‐hour plasma methotrexate concentration was above 1×10‐7 mol/l. Assuming that leucovorin is given 48 hours after the start of methotrexate infusion, 72‐hour plasma methotrexate is suitable for detection of patients at risk for toxicity. In children treated with intermediate dose methotrexate we therefore recommend estimating plasma methotrexate concentration 72 hours after the start of infusion, and instituting supplementary leucovorin when plasma methotrexate concentration exceeds 1×10‐7 mol/l.
RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS CAUSED BY VIRUS, CHLAMYDIA AND MYCOPLASMA–POSSIBLE SYNERGISM WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: PETERSEN N. T. , HØIBY N. , MORDHORST C. H. , LIND K. , FLENSBORG E. W. , BRUUN B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Petersen, N. T., Høiby, N., Mordhorst, C. H., Lind, K., Flensborg, E. W. and Bruun, B. (Paediatric Department TG, Rigshospitalet, and Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, Denmark). Respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients caused by virus, chlamydia and mycoplasma–possible synergism with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 623,.–116 cystic fibrosis patients were observed, by monthly examinations over an eight‐month period, to investigate the importance of non‐bacterial respiratory infections (NBI) in exacerbations of the respiratory disease. Sputum was examined for bacteria, and serum investigated for antibody response against virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia and for antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.During this period each patient had, on an average, 2.9 exacerbations of which 76 % were associated with bacteria, most frequently P. aeruginosa(51 %), and 20 % with NBI, although bacteria were also present in most of these cases. No etiology was established in 18 % of the exacerbations. The NBI were caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (9 %), parainfluenza virus (5 %), influenza virus (3.6 %), adenovirus (2.4 %), mycoplasma (0.6 %) and chlamydia (0.6 %). The incidence of exacerbations was higher in patients with chronic P. aeruginosainfection. RSV infections were more common in patients who developed chronic P. aeruginosainfection during the study period, and RSV infections were frequently associated with a rise of P. aeruginosaantibodies in patients who harboured these bacteria. The important role of NBI as mediators of onset of chronic P. aeruginosainfections in cystic fibrosis patients is suggested.
ALBUMIN ADMINISTRATION COMBINED WITH PHOTOTHERAPY IN TREATMENT OF HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA IN LOW‐BIRTH‐WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: EBBESEN F. , BRODERSEN R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ebbesen, F., and Brodersen, R. (Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen and Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus, Denmark). Albumin administration combined with phototherapy in treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in low‐birth‐weight infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:649,.–Fifty‐nine jaundiced light treated newborn infants with low birth weight were studied. At onset of phototherapy 30 infants received 1 g human serum albumin per kg body weight as a 9 % solution containing sodium caprylate and N‐acetyltryptophan as stabilizers. 29 infants did not receive human serum albumin and served as controls. Blood samples were taken before initiation of the therapy and again 24 and 48 h thereafter, and the following determinations were made: Serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, albumin, reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin by the [l4C]‐MADDS method, packed cell volume and pH. Before infusion of albumin it was found that the binding fraction of serum albumin, i.e. the sum of the serum concentrations of bilirubin‐albumin and reserve albumin, constituted about half of the total serum albumin concentration. The other half was non‐binding, in agreement with previous findings in neonates. The effect of albumin therapy was mainly an unexpected increase of the non‐binding fraction of serum albumin, while the increase of the serum reserve albumin concentration was small and the concentration of bilirubin‐albumin was not changed.
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL AGE IN THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: VOGT H. , HANEBERG B. , FINNE P. H. , STENSBERG A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Vogt, H., Haneberg, B., Finne, P. H. and Stensberg, A. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Akershus Central Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway). Clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn infant. An evaluation of two methods. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:669,.–The scoring systems of Dubowitz et al. and Parkin et al. were evaluated in two selected materials of newborn infants referred to a neonatal unit. Our estimation of gestational age by Dubowitz scores tended to be too high for the extreme prematures. “Small‐for‐dates” were also overestimated, whilst “appropriate‐for‐dates” and infants with respiratory difficulties were underestimated. “Large‐for‐dates” fell close to the standard curve. Ninety‐five per cent confidence limits were up to ±5 weeks for Dubowitz scores and nearly ±6 weeks for Parkin scores. Further statistical analysis displayed some limitations in the use of linear regression formulas for scoring systems based on external and/or neurological characteristics. Thus, the results obtained with these methods must be used with caution in some selected newborn materials.
SCREENING FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS IN INFANTS WITH POOR INTRAUTERINE GROWTH
Authors: ANDRÉASSON B. , SVENNINGSEN N. W. , NORDENFELT E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Andréasson, B., Svenningsen, N. W. and Nordenfelt, E. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Screening for viral infections in infants with poor intrauterine growth. Acta Paediatr Scand 70:673,.–Viral excretion and immunoglobulin concentration during the first 3 days of life were studied in a consecutive study of 104 infants with poor intrauterine growth. Other possible etiologies of poor intrauterine growth were analysed retrospectively. The etiology of poor intrauterine growth could not be found in 34 % of the babies. The data obtained showed no etiological relationship between poor intrauterine growth in our population and viral infection.
HEMOGLOBIN A1 IN GALACTOSEMIA, A POSSIBLE ROLE IN MONITORING DIETARY COMPLIANCE
Authors: HOWARD N. J. , MONAGHAN H. , MARTIN J. M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Howard, N. J., Monaghan, H. and Martin, J. M. (Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto and Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada). Hemoglobin A, in galactosemia, a possible role in monitoring dietary compliance. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:695,.–The finding of elevated HbA, levels in two galactosemic infants of 24.1% and 23.8% (normal 6.3–8.2%) led to an assessment of the effects of dietary management in galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child with galactokinase deficiency. Five transferase deficient children had elevated HbA1 levels, and four of these agreed to a six week strict dietary exclusion of galactose and lactose. This trial resulted in a fall in HbA1 levels in all subjects (mean 12.6 % to mean 9.2 %). These results suggest HbA1 levels may be of value in assessing and ensuring dietary compliance in galactosemia.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF ROTAVIRUS EXCRETION IN CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA
Authors: VESIKARI TIMO , SARKKINEN HANNU K. , MÄKI MARKKU
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Vesikari, T., Sarkkincn, H. K. and Mäki, M. (Department of Clinical Sciences, the University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland, and the Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland). Quantitative aspects of rotavirus excretion in childhood diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr Scand 70:717,.–The amount of rotavirus (antigen) in diarrhoea! stools was determined from serially diluted faecal specimens using a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. The acute stage RIA titres for rotavirus antigen ranged from 1:200 to 1:200000 with a mean titre of 1:2936 in a group of 16 infants with age range 2 to 14 months and 1:4 703 in a group of 12 children aged 25 to 94 months. In the younger age‐group the diarrhoea lasted longer (mean 7.8 days) than in the older children (mean 5.4 days) despite the fact that the quantity of rotavirus was similar. In most of the younger infants there was either no demonstrable rotavirus present at the time of cessation of diarrhoea, or the amount of virus was on the decrease. In contrast, among the older children there were cases with a high titre of rotavirus in the stools a few days after the diarrhoea had ceased. These children were considered as potential spreaders of rotavirus infection in the community. However, none of the long‐term follow‐up stool specimens, collected 28 to 47 days after the onset of diarrhoea, were positive for rotavirus RIA.
NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: OHLSSON A. , SERENIUS F.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ohlsson, A. and Serenius, F. (Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Neonatal septicemia in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Neonatal septicemia in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 825, 1981.‐Twenty‐nine cases of neonatal septicemia from Saudi Arabia are described. A high incidence of prematurity (45 %) and congenital malformations (45 %) were found as predisposing factors. The mortality was 45 %, mainly due to severe malformations and late referrals. Thirty‐one percent of the cases grew Salmonella enteritidis species and one case of Bacteroides fragilis septicemia and meningitis is reported. Only two of the organisms isolated were sensitive to ampicillin. The importance of doing studies on neonatal septicemia on a local basis is stressed.
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIOLOGY OF PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS IN CHILDREN
Authors: BROOK I.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Brook I. (Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Children's Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA). Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of peritonsillar abscess in children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 831, 1981.‐Aspiration of peritonsillar abscess (quinsy) was aseptically performed in 16 children. Patients' median age was 10 years (range 6 to 17 years), and 12 were males. Unilateral abscess was present in all but one child. All aspirates were cultured for aerobes and anaerobes and yielded bacterial growth in all patients. Anaerobes were isolated in all patients; in 3 patients (19 %), they were the only organism isolated, and in 13 (81 %), they were mixed with aerobes. There were 91 anaerobic isolates (5.7 per specimen): 42 Bacteroides sp. (including 23 B. melaninogenicus, 5 B. oralis and 4 B. ruminicola ss. brevis); 18 anaerobic Gram‐positive cocci (including 10 Peptostreptoc‐cus sp., 4 Peptococcus sp. and 4 microaerophilic streptococci); 15 Fusobacterium sp.; and 3 Clostridium sp. There were 32 aerobic isolates (2.0 per specimen): 11 /‐hemolytic streptococci, 8 α‐hemolytic streptococci, 4 Group A β‐hemolytic streptococci, 4 Haemophilus sp. and 3 S. aureus. β‐lactamase production was noted in 13 isolates recovered from 11 patients (68 %). These were all isolates of S. aureus (3), 8 of 23 B. melaninogenicus (35 %), and 2 of 5 B. oralis (40 %). Our findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial etiology of peritonsillar abscesses in children, and demonstrate the presence of many β‐lactamase‐producing organisms in two thirds of the patients.
CERULOPLASMIN LEVELS AND ERYTHROCYTE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN SMALL PRETERM INFANTS DURING THE EARLY ANEMIA OF PREMATURITY
Authors: HÅGÅ P. , KRAN S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hågå, P. (Paediatric Research Institute, National Hospital of Norway, and Department of Paediatrics, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway). Ceruloplasmin levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in small preterm infants during the early anemia of prematurity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 861, 1981.‐Ceruloplasmin plasma levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were studied in appropriate for gestational age preterm infants (birth weights ≤1500 g) during the first 10 weeks of life. Preterm infants had significantly lower ceruloplasmin concentrations in cord blood than term infants, the mean level in the preterm infants being 0.07 g/I. At 1 week of age ceruloplasmin levels had risen significantly, whereupon a fall occurred at 2 weeks of age. Ceruloplasmin concentrations increased slowly and progressively from 4 weeks of age. The low ceruloplasmin concentration during the early anemia of prematurity seems not to interfere with iron mobilization. The superoxide dismutase activity per gram hemoglobin in cord blood erythrocytes from normal term infants was significantly lower than that of red blood cells from adults. When the activity was expressed per erythrocyte no difference was found. The normochromic macrocytic red blood cells of the neonate most likely explain this discrepancy. The erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of the preterm infants did not change from birth until 10 weeks of age, and the levels seemed adequate judged from the levels found in red blood cells from adults and cord blood from term infants. Neither ceruloplasmin nor erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity seem to play a role in the etiology of the early anemia of prematurity.
EFFECT OF SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION ON INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AND ENTERO‐INSULAR HORMONE RELEASE IN INFANTS WITH HYPERINSULINAEMIC HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Authors: AYNSLEY‐GREEN A. , BARNES N. D. , ADRIAN T. E. , KINGSTON J. , BOYES S. , BLOOM S. R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Aynsley‐Green, A., Barnes, N. D., Adrian, T. E., Kingston, J., Boyes, S., and Bloom, S. R. (University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Department of Paediatrics, New Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, and Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England). Effect of somatostatin infusion on intermediary metabolism and enteroinsular hormone release in infants with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 889, 1981.‐The hypoglycaemia of infantile hyper‐insulinism is often exceedingly difficult to control. The use of somatostatin has been advocated recently in such infants because of its effect on inhibiting insulin release, but nothing is known of the wider effects of this potent hormone in the young child. Two infants presenting at 9 weeks and 5 days of age with severe hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia were studied during an infusion of somatostatin. In both infants normoglycaemia was restored with suppression of insulin secretion. An increase in blood ketone bodies occurred, but no change was seen in blood pyruvate, lactate or alanine concentrations. The plasma concentrations of glucagon, Cortisol, growth hormone, motilin.‐pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, neurotensin, gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide decreased markedly during the somatostatin infusion. No consistent change occurred in plasma enteroglucagon or secretin values. We conclude that somatostatin effectively suppresses abnormal insulin secretion in infants, but it has profound effects on the release of nine other hormones. Further studies are needed to define the consequences of suppressing the release of these hormones before somatostatin can be used routinely in the management of infantile hyperinsulinism.
CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN SWEDEN Psychomotor Development in Patients Detected by Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Authors: ALM J. , LARSSON A. , ZETTERSTROM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Aim, J., Larsson, A. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Congenital hypothyroidism in Sweden: Psychomotor development in patients detected by clinical signs and symptoms. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 907, 1981. Thirty‐nine children at 7 to 9 years of age with congenital hypothyroidism have been studied with respect to their intellectual, neurological and social functions. Their intellectual achievement as assessed by the WISC test, was significantly lower than in a reference population (mean IQ88, range 50–113). In children who showed signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism during their first four weeks of life, there was a negative correlation between the age when therapy was started and intellectual development. No such correlation was found in children who showed signs and symptoms after the first four weeks of life. Nine children of 26 with signs of hypothyroidism in the neonatal period, were found to have neurological abnormalities consisting of fine and gross motor disturbances. The neurological abnormalities seriously affected daily life in only the two most severely mentally retarded. No correlation was found between the age when the therapy was started and neurological abnormalities. Three children attended special schools because of mental retardation and six attended normal schools but required additional teaching assistance for learning disabilities. Our results suggest that the risk of future intellectual handicaps may be reduced by early treatment in children with hypothyroidism presenting during the neonatal period.
EVALUATION OF A NEW SUSTAINED‐RELEASE THEOPHYLLINE TABLET FOR CHILDREN
Authors: SELVIG K. , ALME A. , RUGSTAD H. E. , AAS K. , BJERVE K. S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Selvig, K., Alme, A., Rugs tad, H. E., Aas, K. and Bjerve, K. S. (Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, the Allergy Institute Voksentoppen, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo 1, Norway). Evaluation of a new sustained‐release theophylline tablet for children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 929, 1981.‐A new, low dose sustained‐release tablet of theophylline has been developed in order to facilitate a correct dose regimen in asthmatic children treated with theophylline. The formulation (Euphyllin® retard mite w/groove) contains 128 mg of theophylline, and can easily be divided. The extent of bioavailability in adults is 0.91, and the peak serum concentration is reached after 8.7 h. 25 children treated with plain theophylline tablets were followed when changing to the sustained‐release tablets. Compared to the plain tablets, the serum theophylline concentration before the morning dose was 29 μmol/l higher (range 12–51) when the same daily dose was given as a sustained‐release preparation. The serum concentration fluctuations during one dosing interval were reduced with 13 μmol/l (0–26). Mild gastrointestinal side effects reported by the children when using the plain theophylline tablets all disappeared on changing to the sustained‐release tablets.
GASTRIC LYMPHOMA DIAGNOSED BY FIBEROPTIC ENDOSCOPY IN A CHILD
Authors: CUCCHIARA S. , VECCHIO P. , ROMANIELLO G. , STAIANO A. , TAMBURRINI O. , PETTINATO G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Cucchiara, S., Veccbio, P., Romaniello, G., Staiano, A., Tamburrini, O. and Pettinato, G. (Departments of Paediatrics, Paediatric Surgery, Radiology and Histopathologic, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples, Italy). Gastric lymphoma diagnosed by fiberoptic endoscopy in a child. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 945, 1981.‐The authors report a case of gastric lymphoma in a 12‐year‐old male who presented recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting, malaise and a mass in the upper abdominal region. This case is interesting because the diagnosis was made preoperatively by histological examination of biopsy specimens taken by fiberscope, while the endoscopic and radiological fincings were not helpful.
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN MILK LEUKOCYTES
Authors: BHASKARAM P. , REDDY V.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Bhaskaram, P. and Vinodini Reddy (National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India). Bactericidal activity of human milk leukocytes. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 87, 1981.–Breast milk samples obtained from 74 women, at different stages of lactation, were analysed for leukocyte concentration and their bactericidal activity. The total leukocyte count in colostrum was 5000/mm3 a concentration which is similar to that in circulation. As lactation became established, there was a drop in leukocyte concentration and the average count in mature milk was around 2000/mm3 after the first 3 months. Polymorphs and mononuclear leukocytes together constituted 90–95 % of the cells and the rest were lymphocytes. Bactericidal activity of milk leukocytes was similar to that of circulating leukocytes, irrespective of the stage of lactation. These results indicate that breast milk is rich in living leukocytes and that these cells may have a protective role against infection in the infant. The total leukocyte concentration as well as their bactericidal capacity were similar in well nourished and undernourished women suggesting that the protective factors in milk are not influenced by nutritional status of the mother.
TOTAL AGANGLIONOSIS OF THE COLON (HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE) and CONGENITAL FAILURE OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF VENTILATION (ONDINE'S CURSE)
Authors: STERN M. , HELLWEGE H. H. , GRÄVINGHOFF L. , LAMBRECHT W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Stern, M., Hellwege, H. H., Grävinghoff, L. and Lambrecht, W. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany). Total aganglionosis of the colon (Hirschsprung's disease) and congenital failure of automatic control of ventilation (Ondine's curse). Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:121, 1981.–Total aganglionosis of the colon presenting with small intestinal obstruction in the neonatal period was observed in combination with congenital alveolar hypoventilation requiring continuous mechanical ventilation in a boy. The patient died aged 15 months from acute dehydration due to enteritis, long after total resection of the aganglionic bowel had been performed. Pulmonary hypertension was found in the newborn period. There was progressive right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. This is the fourth case reported with a combination of defects involving nerve cell function of the brain stem and gastrointestinal tract.
TRISOMY 9 SYNDROME
Authors: ANNERÉN G. , SEDIN G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Annerén, G. and Sedin, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Trisomy 9 syndrome. Report on two cases. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 125, 1981.–Two cases of trisomy 9 are described. Patient 1 is the fourth case of complete trisomy 9 to be reported, and the third reported to have been born alive. This patient showed an anomaly of the perineum, with a short distance between the anus and vulva, and the circular muscle around the anus was missing. Like earlier cases of complete trisomy 9, this girl died in the neonatal period. Patient 2, with a trisomy 9 mosaicism, had a mesenterium commune. The two above‐mentioned malformations have not been described previously as part of the syndrome. The features of the trisomy 9 syndrome and the differences between infants with trisomy 9 and trisomy 9 mosaicism are discussed.
CONGENITAL COMPLETE HEART BLOCK
Authors: ESSCHER E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Esscher, E. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Congenital complete heart block. Review article. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:131, 1981.– Isolated congenital complete heart block has a heterogenous aetiology. In approximately one‐third of the patients in the present material the mothers had symptoms or signs of connective tissue disease. The mortality is highest in the neonatal period, much lower during childhood and adolescence and increases slowly later in life. There are elderly patients who are completely asymptomatic but patients are also encountered with signs and symptoms of more or less severe myocardial damage. Stokes‐Adams attacks may occur at any age. About 10 % of patients below 15 years of age in this material and about 25 % of those above 15 years (mean age 30 years) were paced. In the neonatal period the predominant indication for pacing was heart failure. It is difficult to make a prognosis in the individual patient. Apart from already known risk factors, a fixed or decreasing low ventricular rate neonatally and a prolonged QT time seem to be bad prognostic signs.
SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS AT BIRTH BASED ON A STUDY OF 2815 NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Hardell L. I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In a consecutive series of 2 815 newborn infants the triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) concentrations were determined in total cord serum and in high density lipoprotein (HDL) containing serum after precipitation of very low (VLDL) and low density lipo proteins (LDL) with heparin manganese chloride. The serum concentrations of TG and CHOL in VLDL+LDL were calculated as the differences between the concentrations in total serum and HDL. The serum concentration of TG totally, in VLDL+LDL and HDL were 0.48, 0.33 and 0.14 mmol/l, respectively, in boys and 0.47, 0.32 and 0.15 mmol/l in girls and of CHOL 1.75, 0.94 and 0.80 mmol/l in boys and 1.88, 1.00 and 0.87 mmol/l in girls. The concentrations of CHOL were significantly higher (p<0.001) in girls than in boys. The distributions of all lipid parameters were skewed to the right, that is towards higher values. Lipoprotein electrophoresis in agarose gel was performed on all serum samples. Patterns compatible with hyperbeta and/or hyperprebeta lipoproteinaemia were observed but no cbylomicrons, broad beta, late prebeta or sinking prebeta lipoprotein bands. The skew distributions of TG and CHOL may be due to primary of secondary hyperlipidaemias.
5‐OXOPROLINURIA DUE TO HEREDITARY 5‐OXOPROLINASE DEFICIENCY IN TWO BROTHERS–A NEW INBORN ERROR OF THE γ‐GLUTAMYL CYCLE
Authors: LARSSON A. , MATTSSON B. , WAUTERS E. A. K. , GOOL J. D. VAN , DURAN M. , WADMAN S. K.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Larsson, A., Mattsson, B., Wauters, E. A. K., van Gool, J. D., Duran, M. and adman, S. K. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, and University Children's Hospital, “Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis”, Utrecht, The Netherlands). 5‐Oxoprolinuria due to 5‐oxoproIinase deficiency in two brothers–a new inborn error of the γ‐glutamyl cycle. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:301, 1981.–Two brothers, aged 16 and 11 years, had recurrent episodes of vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, starting in infancy. In spite of extensive investigations no cause of their enterocolitis could be established. After several years symptomatic treatment was discontinued without any recurrence of symptoms. Their father and several paternal relatives have had kidney stones. Both boys developed urolithiasis and an oxalate‐containing stone was removed from the elder brother's kidney. He had no hypercalciuria. His glomerular and tubular function tests were normal. Gas chromatography of urine from both brothers revealed massive excretion of L‐5‐oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid). Glutathione levels in erythrocytes of both patients were normal. The activities of enzymes of the γ‐glutamyl cycle were analysed in erythrocytes, leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. The level of glutathione synthetase was normal, as was the affinity of this enzyme for its substrate γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine. Feedback inhibition of γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine synthetase by glutathione was also normal. Both patients had a specific deficiency of 5‐oxoprolinase, the activity of which was 2‐A % of that of control subjects. Their parents had intermediate 5‐oxoprolinase activities in fibroblasts, indicating a recessive mode of inheritance. Thus, 5‐oxoprolinuria in these two patients was due to a lack of S‐oxoprolinase, i.e., a new inborn error in the γ‐glutamyl cycle.