bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Important Elements in the Quality Improvement Curriculum for Orthopaedic Residents
Authors: Vaughn Natalie H. , Hassenbein Susan E. , Black Kevin P. , Armstrong April D.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Orthopaedic residency education requires trainees to participate not only in clinical and research endeavors but also in quality improvement (QI) projects. To our knowledge, little has been published on how to implement a structured QI curriculum as part of an orthopaedic residency program. This article describes a single institution’s experience with developing a longitudinal, integrated, and collaborative resident QI curriculum.

Methods:

The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) process was taught to residents as a formal curriculum at our institution beginning in 2014. A structured integrated process was developed for residents to work in teams and meet on a monthly basis. Since then, residents have developed multiple QI projects with measured outcomes. Serial surveys have been administered to the residents to collect feedback.

Results:

Seven major QI projects have been implemented by residents since the program’s initiation. The resident surveys revealed significant improvement in comfort level with organizing QI projects. Residents also reported being comfortable working in interprofessional teams and incorporating patient safety techniques into clinical practice.

Conclusions:

There are few guidelines that reflect how to initiate a formal QI curriculum in an orthopaedic residency program to promote a standardized and systematic way to approach QI projects. With a structured DMAIC education plan, an emphasis on graded responsibilities within a team setting, and responsiveness to resident feedback, orthopaedic programs can develop an effective QI program to allow residents to learn valuable patient safety practices, which allows residents to have a meaningful and impactful effect on QI initiatives that will serve them well as they enter clinical practice.
Pharmacological Attenuation of Electrical Effects in a Model of Compression Neuropathy
Authors: Modrak Maxwell , Sundem Leigh , Gupta Ranjan , Zuscik Michael J. , Elfar John
Published: April 2019

Background:

Peripheral nerve compression and entrapment can be debilitating. Using a validated animal model of peripheral nerve compression, we examined the utility of 2 drugs approved for other uses in humans, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and erythropoietin (EPO), as treatments for surgically induced ischemia and as adjuvants to surgical decompression.

Methods:

Peripheral nerve compression was induced in wild-type mice by placing an inert silicone sleeve around the sciatic nerve. Decompression surgery was performed at 6 weeks with mice receiving 4-AP, EPO, or saline solution either during and after compression or only after decompression. A nerve conduction study and morphometric analyses were performed to compare the extent of the injury and the efficacy of the therapies, and the findings were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

During peripheral nerve compression, there was a progressive decline in nerve conduction velocity compared with that in sham-treatment animals, in which nerve conduction velocity remained normal (∼55 m/s). Mice treated with 4-AP or EPO during the compression phase had significantly smaller declines in nerve conduction velocity and increased plateau nerve conduction velocities compared with untreated controls (animals that received saline solution). Histomorphometric analyses of newly decompressed nerves (i.e., nerves that underwent decompression on the day that the mouse was sacrificed) revealed that both treated groups had significantly greater proportions of large (>5-µm) axons than the untreated controls. Following surgical decompression, all animals recovered to a normal baseline nerve conduction velocity by day 15; however, treatment significantly accelerated improvement (in both the 4-AP and the EPO group), even when it was only started after decompression. Histomorphometric analyses at 7 and 15 days following surgical decompression revealed significantly increased myelin thickness and significantly greater proportions of large axons among the treated animals.

Conclusions:

Both the 4-AP and the EPO-treated group demonstrated improvements in tissue architectural and electrodiagnostic measurements, both during and after peripheral nerve compression, compared with untreated mice.

Clinical Relevance:

Peripheral nerve decompression is one of the most commonly performed procedures in orthopaedic surgery. We believe that there is reason for some optimism about the translation of our findings to the clinical setting. Our findings in this murine model suggest that 4-AP and EPO may lessen the effects of nerve entrapment and that the use of these agents after decompression may speed and perhaps otherwise optimize recovery after surgery.
Knee Arthrodesis After Failed Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Makhdom Asim M. , Fragomen Austin , Rozbruch S. Robert
Published: April 2019

➢ Knee arthrodesis after failure of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) because of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may provide superior functional outcome and ambulatory status compared with above-the-knee amputation.

➢ The use of an intramedullary nail (IMN) for knee arthrodesis following removal of TKA components because of a PJI may result in higher fusion rates compared with external fixation devices.

➢ The emerging role of the antibiotic cement-coated interlocking IMN may expand the indications to achieve knee fusion in a single-stage intervention.

➢ Massive bone defects after failure of an infected TKA can be managed with various surgical strategies in a single-stage intervention to preserve leg length and function.
Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding Adverse Events in Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Orthopaedic Surgery with and without Anticoagulants
Authors: Heijboer Reinout R.O. , Lubberts Bart , Guss Daniel , Johnson Anne H. , Moon Daniel K. , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about the benefits of anticoagulant use for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its inherent risk of bleeding adverse events in patients undergoing surgery distal to the knee.

Methods:

The study included patients who had undergone an orthopaedic procedure distal to the tibial articular surface when they were 18 years of age or older. Using retrospective information from a tertiary care referral center, we compared patient demographics, clinical findings, diagnostic reports, procedures performed, and the rate of symptomatic VTE and bleeding adverse events between patients who had and those who had not received anticoagulant prophylaxis. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias due to prophylactic treatment allocation.

Results:

A total of 5,286 patients who had received anticoagulant prophylaxis for below-the-knee surgery were successfully matched with 5,286 patients who had not received anticoagulant prophylaxis for such surgery. After propensity score matching, the standardized difference between the groups was <0.1 for all baseline characteristics, indicating a negligible difference between the groups. Patients who received anticoagulant prophylaxis had a significantly lower risk of developing a VTE compared with patients who did not (39 patients [0.7%] versus 99 patients [1.9%]), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.56; p < 0.001). In contradistinction, patients who received anticoagulant prophylaxis had a significantly higher risk of developing a bleeding adverse event than those who did not (115 [2.2%] versus 55 [1.0%]; OR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.55 to 3.09]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Anticoagulant prophylaxis reduced the risk of VTE after surgery distal to the tibial articular surface by 3-fold but resulted in a concomitant 2-fold increase in the risk of a bleeding adverse event. Large-scale, prospective studies are necessary to better understand the true incidence of such events, associated patient-specific risk factors, efficacy of various thromboprophylactic regimens, and patient-reported implications of such events.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effectiveness of a Flexible Locked Intramedullary Nail and an Anatomically Contoured Locked Plate to Treat Clavicular Shaft Fractures
Authors: King Paul R. , Ikram Ajmal , Eken Maaike M. , Lamberts Robert P.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Displaced and shortened clavicular shaft fractures can be treated operatively with intramedullary or extramedullary fixation. The aim of the present study was to compare the union rates and functional outcomes of displaced and/or shortened clavicular shaft fractures treated with a flexible locked intramedullary nail or with an anatomically contoured locked plate.

Methods:

Seventy-two patients with acute displaced and/or shortened clavicular shaft fractures underwent randomly assigned management with either an intramedullary locked nail or an anatomically contoured locked plate. The same surgeon performed all surgical procedures, and all patients underwent identical postoperative treatment regimens. Incision length, surgical time, and union rate were recorded, and the functional outcome of the shoulder was assessed with use of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Constant Shoulder (CS) scores. Data were analyzed with use of traditional statistical methods as well as Cohen effect sizes, which were based on the minimal clinical important differences.

Results:

Thirty-seven patients were managed with an anatomically contoured locked plate, and 35 patients were managed with a Sonoma CRx intramedullary flexible locked nail. There were no differences in general patient characteristics, fracture type, or displacement between treatment groups. The nailing group had significantly better outcomes (p < 0.001) than the locked plating group for surgical time (mean and standard deviation [SD], 45 ± 12 compared with 65 ± 21 minutes, respectively) and incision size (mean and SD, 37 ± 9 compared with 116 ± 18 mm). A union rate of 100% was observed in both groups. DASH scores were similar between groups at 1.5, 3, and 6 months, whereas the nailing group had significantly better DASH scores at 12 months (p = 0.022); however, this difference had only a moderate effect size. Overall, individual variation in DASH and CS scores was substantially higher in the plating group compared with the nailing group.

Conclusions:

Both the precontoured locked plate and the flexible locked intramedullary nail effectively treated displaced and/or shortened clavicular shaft fractures. Similar outcomes were achieved at 1.5, 3, and 6 months after surgical intervention, and better DASH scores were found in the nailing group at 12 months. Cohen effect sizes suggested that slightly better outcomes were potentially achieved in the nailing group.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Rotator Cuff Degeneration
Authors: Gumina Stefano , Villani Ciro , Arceri Valerio , Fagnani Corrado , Nisticò Lorenza , Venditto Teresa , Castagna Alessandro , Candela Vittorio
Published: April 2019

Background:

The literature is certain regarding the multifactorial etiology of rotator cuff degeneration. However, it remains unclear if rotator cuff degeneration exclusively depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors or if it is also genetically determined. We compared the health status of cuff tendons, evaluated with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, between elderly monozygotic and dizygotic twins with the aim of separating the contributions of genetics from shared and unique environments.

Methods:

The rotator cuff tendon status was assessed using the Sugaya classification by MRI. Heritability, defined as the proportion of total variance of a specific characteristic in a particular population due to a genetic cause, was calculated as twice the difference between the intraclass correlation coefficients for monozygotic and dizygotic pairs. The influence of shared environment, which contributes to twin and sibling similarity, was calculated as the difference between the monozygotic correlation coefficient and the heritability index.

Results:

We identified 33 pairs of elderly twins: 17 monozygotic pairs and 16 dizygotic pairs, with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 64.62 ± 3.32 years. The polychoric correlation was 0.62 in monozygotic twins and 0.53 in dizygotic twins. The calculated heritability index was 0.18 (18%), and the contribution was 0.44 (44%) for the shared environment and 0.38 (38%) for the unique environment.

Conclusions:

The role of genetics in rotator cuff degeneration is quantified by our study on elderly monozygotic and dizygotic twins; however, it is only partial with respect to the contribution of shared and unique environments.
Malpractice Litigation Following Traumatic Fracture
Authors: Ahmed Shaan A. , DeFroda Steven F. , Naqvi Syed J. , Eltorai Adam E.M. , Hartnett Davis , Ruddell Jack H. , Born Christopher T. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Poor clinical outcomes and adverse events following orthopaedic trauma are common, which may lead to litigation. To our knowledge, factors associated with litigation following fracture care have not previously been evaluated.

Methods:

A retrospective review of fracture-related malpractice lawsuits from 1988 to 2015 was completed utilizing VerdictSearch (ALM Media Properties), a medicolegal database. Defendant and plaintiff characteristics along with fracture type, allegations, litigation outcomes, and the association of case characteristics with outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 561 cases were evaluated; 360 cases were excluded, resulting in a total of 201 cases that were analyzed in detail. The mean age of the plaintiff was 43.1 years (standard deviation [SD],19.4 years). Twenty-four fracture types were represented among the analyzed cases. The most common fractures were of the radius (44), the femur (32), the tibia (30), the ulna (29), the humerus (26), the spine (24), the hip (17), and the fibula (15). Overall, 129 (64.2%) cases resulted in a defense verdict, 41 (20.4%) cases resulted in a plaintiff verdict, and 31 (15.4%) cases resulted in a settlement. For plaintiff verdicts, the mean indemnity payment was $3,778,657 (median, $753,057; range, $89,943 to $27,926,311). For settlements, the mean indemnity payment was $1,097,439 (median, $547,935; range, $103,541 to $9,445,113). The mean indemnity for plaintiff verdicts was significantly greater than the mean indemnity for settlements (p = 0.03). The presence of a neurological deficit was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of a favorable outcome for the plaintiff (52.8% for plaintiffs with neurological deficit versus 32.1% for plaintiffs without neurological deficit; p = 0.019).

Conclusions:

This study examined malpractice litigation following traumatic orthopaedic injuries. In cases with decisions for the plaintiff, indemnity payments were on average more than $2.5 million larger than payments for settlements. In fracture cases with neurological deficit, malpractice cases were more likely to result in a favorable outcome for the plaintiff.
Pertanggung Jawaban Notaris Berkenaan Dengan Kebenaran Substansi Akta Otentik
Authors: Jaya Wayan Paramarta
Published: April 2019

Notary as a position has its own authority which is regulated with the rule of law to make an authAentic deed. This authority is described in Article 15 of Law Number 2 Year 2014 as amendments from UUJN. However, this authority is unperfect due to not arranged authority to Notary's for investigation, so the notary is unable to investigate the thruth of material document data fom confrontist is true or not. Condition like that often drag the Notary into legal issues in both criminal and civil problems. The purpose of this thesis research is divided into two, that is general purpose of an academic and special purpose is to examine and analyze how the notary accountability in making authentic deeds and to know and understand the legal consequences of authentic deeds made by the notary when the parties provide false data. This study is a normative juridical research using statute approach and conceptual approach. Based on the analysis of legal material obtained, basically a notary has responsibility for the formalities of an authentic deed and has no responsibility for the material of the contents the authentic deed except in the relass deed. Notaries can be requested of accountability if the Notary is proven to have committed administrative, civil and criminal violations. Notary must be responsible in terms of Administrative Law, Civil Law, that is in accordance with the provisions of sanctions contained in Article 84 and 85 on Amendment of UUJN and code of ethics, but in UUJN and UUJN Change Law does not regulate the existence of criminal sanctions. Notary cant be sought for criminal liability if there is a loss to one of the parties as a result of false documents from another party, since the notary only records what the parties have submitted to the deed. Such false statements shall be the responsibility of the parties, not the responsibility of the notary, unless such fraud or deceit originates from the Notary itself, a notary may be sought for criminal responsibility in accordance with article 263, 264, 266 of the Criminal Code.
Pertanggungjawaban Perdata Pemerintah Daerah Dompu dalam Pengadaan Tanah Pemukiman Warga Desa Jala
Authors: Wardani Dini Panca
Published: April 2019

Pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum merupakan realisasi dari amanat pasal 6, 27, 34, 40 UUPA dan sebagai amanat dari Undang-undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia yang mengamanatkan bahwa sebagai konsekuensi sumberdaya tanah merupakan salah satu bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). Masalah pokok yang menjadi sorotan atau perhatian dalam pelaksanaan pengadaan hak atas tanah adalah hal - hal menyangkut hak-hak atas tanah yang status dari hak atas tanah itu akan dicabut atau dibebaskan, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa unsur yang paling pokok dalam pengadaan hak atas tanah adalah ganti rugi yang diberikan sebagai pengganti atas hak yang telah dicabut atau dibebaskan tersebut. Dalam praktek pengadaan tanah yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah seringkali tidak sesuai dengan apa dicita-citakan oleh undang-undang. Dimana seringkali terjadi dalam pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah untuk kepentingan umum tidak memperhatikan kemaslahatan pemegang hak perorangan, dalam arti bahwa pemegang hak perorangan seringkali berada dalam posisi yang dirugikan oleh pemerintah.
IMPLIKASI YURIDIS KETENTUAN PASAL 9 huruf (d) dan huruf (e) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 13 TAHUN 2016 TERHADAP INVENSI MAKHLUK HIDUP YANG DIKOMERSIALISASIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sudaryanto Fajar Athoillah
Published: April 2019

Dalam hal pengaturan Kekayaan Intelektual Internasional telah diselenggarakan berbagai macam perjanjian serta perundingan internasional, yang kemudian diterapkan dalam pengaturan nasional setiap negara anggotanya. Dalam hal penerapan perjanjian internasional khususnya dalam TRIPs Agreement timbul berbagai macam masalah bagi negara anggotanya, terutama dalam hal pembatasan terhadap invensi yang dapat dipatenkan. Hal tersebut timbul karena adanya perbedaan kepentingan antar negara peserta. Disuatu sisi negara membutuhkan ketentuan yang sangat mengikat, sedangkan disisi lain negara berkembang dan terbelakang membutuhkan alih teknologi untuk pengembangan negaranya. Penelitian dalam penyusunan Jurnal  ini merupakan suatu studi normatif  atas Kekayaan Intelektual khususnya dalam rezim Paten dalam penyelenggaraan lalu lintas perdagangan global. Selain masalah perbedaan dalam hal pembatasan terhadap invensi yang dapat dipatenkan, hal yang menarik dalam pembahasan penelitian ini adalah mengenai dampak yang diakibatkan oleh perbedaan pembatasan invensi, dalam kaitannya dengan importasi produk ke dalam Indonesia. Sehingga membutuhkan beberapa sumber hukum, diantaranya adalah perjanjian-perjanjian perdagangan dunia termasuk (World Trade Organization) WTO. Oleh karena itu, Undang Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten sebagai ketentuan dasar mengenai regulasi paten di Indonesia seharusnya ditentukan secara jelas mengenai kepentingan Nasional sebagai suatu tujuan dan cita-cita Nasional.
CORPORATE SENTENCING IN A FORESTRY LAW BASED ON LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST VICTIMS
Authors: Mangkunegara RM. Armaya
Published: April 2019

Corporate sentencing in a forestry law does not provide a model of settlement that accommodates the principle of corporate sentencing based on legal protection against the victim, thus requiring an academic breakthrough in the formulation of future legal provisions. The legal issue in this research is the concept of corporate sentencing in a forestry law based on legal protection against the victim. This research used statutary approach and conceptual approach. Legal protection of corporate forestry crime victims is a principle that needs to be prioritized. The legal protection of the victim is done in the form of reforestation of the principles of restorative justice, the principle of in dubio pro natura and the penalty of criminal type of restoration of forest condition.
IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP KEHATI-HATIAN MELALUI KEWAJIBAN PENYUSUNAN DAN PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN PERKREDITAN ATAU PEMBIAYAAN BANK
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti
Published: April 2019

Dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai lembaga intermediary, Bank wajib menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian, khususnya dalam menyalurkan dana melalui pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan untuk memastikan bahwa debitur atau nasabah memiliki itikad dan kemampuan untuk membayar sesuai kesepakatan.Analisa dalam pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan, manajemen risiko dan kepatuhan terhadap ketentuan perundang-undangan merupakan implementasi prinsip kehati-hatian Bank. Urgensi penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian ini terlihat dalam ketentuan yang mewajibkan Bank untuk memiliki dan menerapkan Kebijakan Perkreditan atau Pembiayaan Bank (KPB) sebagai pedoman bagi bank dalam melaksanakan perkreditan atau pembiayaan sebagaimana diatur dalam POJK No. 42/POJK.03/2017 Tentang Kewajiban Penyusunan  dan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Perkreditan Atau Pembiayaan. Permasalahan yang akan dikaji adalah bagaimana implementasi KPB, ruang lingkup KPB serta akibat hukum tidak dilaksanakannya KPB oleh Bank dalam rangka menciptakan perkreditan atau pembiayaan yang sehat. Kebijakan Perkreditan atau Pembiayaan merupakan sarana bagi Bank untuk menciptakan perkreditan atau pembiayaan yang sehat. Sebagai bagian dari ketentuan yang berlaku bagi Bank, maka ketidakpatuhan Bank terhadap KPB berarti pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kehati-hatian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 2, 8 dan 29 Ayat (2) UU Perbankan dan Pasal 23, 35 Ayat (1) dan 36 UU Perbankan Syariah. Berdasarkan Pasal 49 Ayat (2b) UU Perbankan dan Pasal 66 Ayat (1.d) pelanggaran prinsip kehati-hatian Bank merupakan tindak pidana perbankan. Kata kunci : : prinsip kehati-hatian bank, kebijakan perkreditan /pembiayaan bank, perkreditan/pembiayaan yang sehat.
INKONSISTENSI PENGATURAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI
Authors: Wijaya Muhamad Soni
Published: April 2019

Sebagian besar masyarakat masih kurang memahami adanya tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh korporasi. Hal ini disebabkan karakteristik tindak pidana korporasi ini adalah sangat kompleks. Hal tersebut dapat dipahami karena dalam KUHP sebagai induk hukum pidana materiil tidak mengatur korporasi sebagai subyek hukum pidana di Indonesia kedudukan korporasi sebagai subjek hukum pidana saat ini secara khusus baru diakui dalam Undang-undang yang mengatur tindak pidana di luar KUHP. Hal ini dikarenakan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia masih menganut pandangan  societasdelinquere non potestsehingga belum mengakomodir kedudukan korporasi sebagai subjek hukum pidana. Proses modernisasi dan pembangunan ekonomi, menunjukkan bahwa korporasi memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Namun demikian, tidak jarang korporasi dalam mencapai tujuannya, melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas yang menyimpang atau yang bertentangan dengan hukum pidana dengan modus operandi yang dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, kedudukan korporasi sebagai subyek hukum (keperdataan) telah bergeser menjadi tindak pidana, disamping tindak pidana manusia alamiah (natuurlijk Persoon). Hal ini berarti bahwa doktrin societasdelinquere non potestmulai ditinggalkan
PERANAN BPSK DALAM SENGKETA PERJANJAN KREDIT (STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 592 K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2016)
Authors: Aliftian Hadi Novia Rani , Djulaeka Djulaeka
Published: April 2019

Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (yang selanjutnya disebut BPSK) merupakan lembaga di luar pengadilan yang menangani sengketa konsumen dan juga berwenang untuk melindungi hak-hak konsumen, yang dibentuk oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Namun, BPSK memiliki kendala dalam penerapan kewenangannya, sebagaimana penyelesaian kasus dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 592 K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2016 bahwa BPSK tidak berwenang untuk menangani kasus perjanjian kredit yang terjadi antara Saparli dan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk. Kantor Cabang Perdagangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kewenangan BPSK dalam kasus perjanjian kredit dan menganalisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 592 K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2016 apakah telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku saat ini. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif atau doctrinal. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Hasil dari rumusan pertama menunjukkan bahwa BPSK memang tidak memiliki kewenangan dalam menangani perkara perjanjian kredit, karena semenjak Tahun 2013 dengan adanya Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan yang menjelaskan tentang penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dalam sektor jasa keuangan di luar pengadilan. Dalam rumusan kedua menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 592 K/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2016 telah benar dalam menerapkan hukum untuk memutuskan bahwa kasus perjanjian kredit tersebut merupakan kasus wanprestasi yang apabila diselesaikan di luar pengadilan, maka akan ditangani oleh LAPS yang dibentuk oleh OJK dan bukanlah kewenangan BPSK untuk menyelesaikan kasus tersebut.
IMPLIKASI HUKUM PENERAPAN PASAL 91 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2009 TERHADAP KONSTELASI PEMINDAHAN HAK
Authors: Kurniati Nia
Published: April 2019

Permasalahan : Pembayaran pajak BPHTB merupakan kewajiban pajak yang harus dipenuhi oleh pihak yang memperoleh hak atas tanah melalui jual beli. Ditentukan dalam UU 28 Tahun 2009 Pasal 91 ayat (1), bahwa “PPAT/Notaris hanya dapat menandatangani akta pemindahan Hak atas Tanah dan/atau Bangunan setelah Wajib Pajak menyerahkan bukti pembayaran pajak”.  Bunyi pasal ini menunjukan pertentangan dengan konstelasi pajak,  yang secara teoritik berpedoman pada taatbestand sebagai dasar menentukan saat timbulnya utang pajak. Tujuan penelitan ini menemukan asas hukum yang mendasari fiscus mengenakan pajak atas pemindahan hak melalui jual beli. Metode : menggunakan metode Yuridis Normatif dengan analisis data secara Yuridis Kualitatif. Hasil pembahasan : Pengenaan kewajiban pajak kepada wajib pajak BPHTB, sebelum dipenuhinya taatbestand  dilandasai oleh asas hukum “pajak dikenakan pada saat yang paling dekat dengan detik diperolehnya hak”. Pengenaan Pasal 91 Ayat (1) UU No.28 Tahun 2009 terhadap pemindahan hak atas tanah, harus dilihat ke dalam titik tautnya dengan Pasal 90 ayat (1) huruf a UU No.28 Tahun 2009.  Kesimpulan : Ratio legis Pasal  91 ayat (1) untuk menghindarkan pengingkaran penunaian kewajiban pajak BPHTB oleh wajib pajak.  Kata kunci : Jual beli, Pemindahan Hak, Timbulnya Utang Pajak.
CHILD MARRIAGE AND ZINA IN INDONESIAN LEGISLATION IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Djubaedah Neng
Published: April 2019

Article 7 paragraph (1) of Law No. 1 Year 1974 on Marriage determines marriage permitted if the man is 19 years old and female 16 years old. The age limit of marriage for 16-year-old women is considered an early age and is a problem. Child marriage in this paper is a marriage performed by men and women under the age of 18 years. It is able to cause divorce and obstruction of education. In addition to article 7 paragraph (1), child marriage is also due to pregnancy due to free sex (zina) of teenagers. According to Islamic Law, zina is an out-of-wedlock marriage committed deliberately and consciously by man and woman with their individual willingness, likes, without coercion. How is the protection of Article 7 paragraph (1) on child marriage and women under18 years old who commit zina in terms of Islamic Law? The method of research is normative-juridical and descriptive-qualitative, apply the theory ofmaqashid al-shari’a and neo receptio a contrario theory
Production-Facility Emissions Reduction in Liquid-Rich Shales: An Update
Authors: Porter Matthew D. , Natili Richard P. , Strathman Andrew R.
Published: April 2019

Operators in unconventional shales are continuously looking for ways to reduce potential emissions from production facilities. This is especially challenging in liquid-rich regions, such as the Marcellus Shale. As regulations and various industry best practices evolve, facility designs and equipment must evolve as well. Facility-design improvements and successful operational procedures were examined to eliminate or significantly reduce emissions (Porter et al. 2016).

By taking a proactive approach, operators can significantly reduce emissions. In a previous work (Porter et al. 2016), we discussed the key elements of a successful program: (1) a facility design and operational philosophy that considers emission controls, (2) a comprehensive maintenance program that addresses all unplanned or unintended releases encountered during optical-gas-imaging inspections and allows for feedback to facilitate corrective action, and (3) a focused plan for improving technology to diminish the quantity of future leaks. Applying enhanced technology and past experiences to older designs is often the most efficient measure for reducing potential emissions. While these elements are crucial, equally important is the historical defining and tracking of actual identified leaks and the documentation of corrective actions that were taken (Porter et al. 2016). This work further corroborates these key elements.

Additional facility designs for maximum emissions reduction were compared to facility designs in our previous work (Porter et al. 2016), using calculated emissions for each scenario. As well production increases (owing to longer lateral drilling and enhanced stimulation practices), wellsite liquid handling and vapor control become challenging. Techniques for effectively controlling vapors and mitigating emissions were explored in detail, using an actual case study. Also, a previous leak-detection field study with preliminary data was updated with additional years of data, which yielded further clarification of emissions released on a field and pad level with resulting variations in time. Detailed data analysis compiled from inspections identified the most common areas where leaks occur within a production facility—the majority of which were located on atmospheric stock tanks. Data further demonstrated the effectiveness of higher-quality tank relief valves for reducing fugitive leaks.

Production-facility emissions can be managed by using effective production-facility designs and technologies. The present work offers an improved understanding of how technological evolutions can support effective design solutions and processes in a modern shale-gas development (Porter et al. 2016).
Water Unloading of Gas Wells Using the Concurrent-Water-Collection Method
Authors: Khoshnevis Behrokh , Yoozbashizadeh Mahdi , Ershaghi Iraj
Published: April 2019

In this paper we describe a novel method for water unloading of natural gas wells in mature reservoirs experiencing low reservoir pressures. Current methods for water unloading from gas wells have at least one of the drawbacks of restricting gas production, requiring external energy, using consumable surfactants, or being labor intensive. The proposed design offers a new approach to water unloading that does not restrict or interrupt gas production. It can operate without external energy, and uses no consumables. Virtual and physical simulators have been developed and the full-scale version of the concept has been studied in test wells to demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the new water-unloading concept. An industrial-grade preproduction prototype was tested successfully in a test gas well to validate this study.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Dimension-Reduction Approaches in Optimization of Well Rates
Authors: Awotunde Abeeb A.
Published: April 2019

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of six dimension-reduction approaches. The approaches considered are the constant-control (Const) approach, the piecewise-constant (PWC) approach, the trigonometric approach, the Bessel-function (Bess) approach, the polynomial approach, and the data-decomposition approach. The approaches differ in their mode of operation, but they all reduce the number of parameters required in well-control optimization problems. Results show that the PWC approach performs better than other approaches on many problems, but yields widely fluctuating well controls over the field-development time frame. The trigonometric approach performed well on all the problems and yields controls that vary smoothly over time.
Hydrate-Bedding Mechanisms in Partially Dispersed Water/Oil Systems
Authors: Srivastava Vishal , Majid Ahmad A. A. , Warrier Pramod , Grasso Giovanny , Koh Carolyn A. , Zerpa Luis E.
Published: April 2019

Gas hydrates are considered a major flow-assurance challenge in subsea flowlines. They agglomerate rapidly and form hydrate blockages. During transient operations [shut-in and restart (RS)], risk of blockage formation owing to hydrates can be greater compared to that during the continuous operations. In particular, hydrate formation during an unplanned shut-in and subsequent restart could lead to increased operational hazards. In this work, flow-loop tests were conducted under both continuous-pumping (CP) and RS conditions, using Conroe crude oil with three different water fractions (30, 50, 90 vol%) at 5 wt% salinity, over a range of mixture velocities (from 2.4 to 9.4 ft/sec). It was determined that RS operations resulted in an earlier onset of hydrate particle bedding—twice as fast as those in CP tests—from the interpretation of pressure-drop and mass-flow-rate (MFR) measurements. Droplet imaging using a particle vision and measurement (PVM) probe suggested larger water droplets (100–300 µm) during the shut-in, as compared to the CP tests (=40 µm) at 50 and 90 vol% water cuts (WCs). For the tests performed using a demulsifier at 200 ppm, PVM images suggested larger water droplets (mean droplet size = 94 µm), as compared with the test with no demulsifier (mean droplet size = 21 µm). The test using a demulsifier resulted in higher pressure drops and lower MFRs compared with the test with no demulsifier, indicating poor hydrate transportability when water was partially dispersed in the oil phase. The current study indicated that partially dispersed systems present greater risks of hydrate plugging as compared with the fully dispersed systems in the range of water volume fractions from 50 to 95 vol% WC, which was the phase inversion point of the water-in-crude-oil (Conroe14 crude) system. The flow-loop-test analyses presented in this work can potentially aid in an improved mechanistic understanding of RS operations, involving unplanned shut-ins and restarts.
Automatic Operation and Control of a Novel Coalescing Centrifugal Pump for Improved Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Husveg R.. , Husveg T.. , van Teeffelen N.. , Ottestad M.. , Hansen M. R.
Published: April 2019

In this paper we present the development and implementation of automatic operation and control for a pump/hydrocyclone produced-water-treatment system to maximize oil/water-separation efficiency. A so-called perturb-and-observe (P&O) algorithm is adapted for a novel centrifugal pump to continuously optimize the point of operation. The novel pump coalesces and increases the size of oil droplets in the produced water, resulting in a unique relationship between the coalescing effect and the point of operation, and allowing for the successful implementation of the P&O algorithm. The algorithm was implemented in two different setups, one measuring the droplet-size distribution between the hydrocyclone and the pump, and the other measuring the oil concentration downstream of the hydrocyclone. The latter was considered the most robust because it required no prior knowledge of the system. Nonetheless, both setups achieved satisfying results and compared favorably with a third setup, where the optimal point of operation was predicted using measurements of the upstream produced-water characteristics.
Acute cerebral infarction with adenomyosis in a young woman: a case report
Authors: zhao yuan , Zhang Yongbo , Yang Yishu
Published: April 2019

Background

Acute cerebral infarction with adenomyosis in a young woman has been rarely reported.

Case presentation

We describe a 34-year-old young woman who presented headache and fever (38°C) for 4 days and left limb weakness for 1 day during her menstrual phase. Laboratory test data showed: Hemoglobin (HGB) (112g/L, normal: 120-150 g/L), Carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA125) (937.70U/ml, normal: 0-35 U/ml), D-Dimer (27.4mg/L, normal: 0-1.5mg/L). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated acute cerebral infarction in right basal ganglia and subcortical region of right frontotemporal lobe. Further, brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed that the M1 segment of right middle cerebral artery was strictured and the distal branches of right middle cerebral artery were significantly less than those on the opposite side. No obvious abnormality was found in cranial magnetic resonance venogram (MRV). She had a 5-year history of adenomyosis. No tumors were found by whole body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). We treated this patient by using anti-infective therapy for 1 week and using anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin for 2 weeks. Subsequently, the anticoagulant therapy was discontinued and replaced by antiplatelet therapy with poliovir. We followed up this patient for 4 months, and no recurrence of cerebral infarction was found.

Conclusions

Acute cerebral infarction with adenomyosis may be related to elevated D-Dimer, elevated CA125, anemia, menstruation and fever. Our report suggests that acute cerebral infarction with adenomyosis can occur not only in middle-aged women but also in young women, and fever during menstrual phase in a woman with adenomyosis may be a factor leading to acute cerebral infarction.
Actualidad e importancia de la implementación de Big Data utilizando las herramientas Hadoop y Spark
Authors: Montoya Suarez Lina María , Gil Restrepo Gustavo Andrés
Published: April 2019

En el presente artículo se realizó una revisión sobre la actualidad e importancia del Big data a través de las herramientas Hadoop y Spark. En un principio se contextualiza el concepto Big Data desde diferentes autores y haciendo referencia a su importancia en las diferentes organizaciones, teniendo como premisa las tres V que deben estar presentes a la hora de implementar Big Data (Volumen, Variedad y Velocidad).

Luego se analizan las herramientas Hadoop y Spark, identificando su capacidad de hacer más eficiente el procesamiento de grandes volúmenes de datos, de diferentes tipos de datos y a gran velocidad dando solución a los problemas que se presentaban antes cuando se iba a trabajar sobre muchos datos.

Por último se hace una reflexión sobre la importancia del Big Data en la toma de decisiones de una organización, teniendo en cuenta que la toma de decisiones permite que una organización sea competitiva y pueda perdurar en el tiempo.
Estudio del comportamiento de muestras de mortero natural sometidas a esfuerzo de compresión
Authors: Patiño Murillo Julián Alberto , Gutiérrez Sandoval Yessenia Carolina , Leal Santafé Jorge Iván , Castro Maldonado John Jairo , Hurtado Figueroa Oswaldo
Published: April 2019

La combinación de diversos materiales, ya sea por decisión tecnológica o casualidad, permitió la construcción y conservación de edificaciones antiguas que aún siguen en pie. Buscando replicar las características de estas construcciones, materiales como cal, puzolana, y yeso fueron seleccionados para elaborar un mortero natural y comparar sus propiedades físicas y resistencia a la compresión con las de un mortero tipo portland, con el fin, de establecer una línea base de comportamiento para aplicación en obras civiles. Se empleó una metodología de post prueba únicamente con diseño factorial experimental y grupo intacto. En todas las muestras se presentó sedimentación producida por la diferencia de tamaño de partículas y el fenómeno de exudación, ocasionando bajas resistencias en el material.
Incidencia de las megatendencias globales en la biomedicina
Authors: Zapata Uriel
Published: April 2019

El siglo XXI ha comenzado con importantes cambios a nivel económico, tecnológico, poblacional, ambiental y de valores sociales que están originando tendencias en la manera como las sociedades, los países, la ciencia y los ciudadanos están reaccionando. Dichas reacciones están produciendo cambios de enorme impacto global en el largo plazo (Megatendencias).
Optimización de la Inyección de potencia desde micro generación distribuida en sistemas Eléctricos de distribución de baja tensión. Desarrollos teóricos de un modelo Hiperheurístico
Authors: Schweickardt Gustavo Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Este artículo presenta los desarrollos teóricos de un Modelo HiperHeurístico para Optimizar la Inyección de Potencia proveniente de Micro-Generadores Distribuidos en Sistemas Eléctricos de Distribución de Energía (SEDE) en Baja Tensión (BT), focalizándose sobre los Paneles Solares Fotovoltaicos (MG FV). Implica una Optimización Combinatoria MultiObjetivo, en el que los Métodos Clásicos no producen buenas soluciones en el Dominio Determinístico, relativo a sus Variables de Control, y colapsan en el Dominio de Incertidumbres de Carácter no Estocástico asociadas a aquellas. Aquí, son descritos los conceptos generales de una estrategia bio-inspirada referida como HiperHeurística, con un Método de Aprendizaje Sustentado en Razonamiento, y cuyo dominio se compone de un Conjunto de MetaHeurísticas MultiObjetivo del tipo PSO incorporando una forma híbrida, AFS (Artificial Fish School) que exhibe características aptas para ser integrada, y permite resolver problemas de convergencia observados por el autor en trabajos previos. Adicionalmente, se introduce la paralelización del algoritmo, reemplazando su formulación primigeniamente secuencial, utilizando la plataforma conocida como MPI (Message Passing Interface).
Derechos humanos, conflicto y construcción de paz
Authors: Fernández Márquez Fredy
Published: April 2019

El conflicto colombiano de los últimos cincuenta años, ha estado cruzado por flagrantes violaciones de los derechos humanos. Ha sido una confrontación en la cual las masacres, el genocidio, la desaparición forzada, los falsos positivos, el secuestro, han mostrado el rostro mismo de la barbarie de un conflicto armado, que, hasta la firma del Acuerdo Final con las Farc, hacía de Colombia un país en el cual la violación de los derechos de las personas e incluso del derecho Internacional Humanitario era una constante.
Desapariciones forzadas: una herida abierta de la guerra civil y el franquismo
Authors: Cruces García Diana Gabriela
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el caso español, principal referente en Europa de casos de desaparición forzada, del cual son vigentes las investigaciones a partir de los sucesos que marcaron la vida e historia españolas: Guerra Civil y Franquismo.
Pese a ello, y ante todo los obstáculos políticos y legislativos que han enfrentado los familiares de las víctimas para que los responsables de este crimen sean sancionados conforme a la normatividad, así como para encontrar el paradero de sus seres queridos, estos se han organizado en diversas asociaciones civiles para ejercer presión tanto nacional como internacional para el esclarecimiento de los hechos ocurridos en los citados episodios, los cuales se analizarán a través de esta investigación. En este artículo resultado de investigación se aplicó el método de análisis jurisprudencial y doctrinal, usando la metodología cualitativa, a través de la revisión documental, lo cual nos permitió evaluar y presentar resultados, además de dar aportes a la ciencia del derecho y aportar al conocimiento.
El alcance de los presupuestos participativos en la implementación de políticas públicas
Authors: Puentes Sánchez Juan Camilo
Published: April 2019

Dentro de la literatura académica sobre participación ciudadana se ha prestado mucha atención a los mecanismos participativos y relativamente poca a la relación entre dichos instrumentos democráticos y los ciclos de las políticas públicas. ¿Sabemos, por ejemplo, cuáles son las trayectorias que toman las propuestas surgidas de los presupuestos participativos en su fase de implementación? ¿Podemos explicar la diversidad de dichas trayectorias? El objetivo de este artículo se centrará en estas cuestiones examinando algunos factores potenciales que explican este fenómeno, se parte de la premisa de que al final de los procesos son los gobiernos locales los que escogen selectivamente qué proposiciones implementar o rechazar. Para corroborar lo anterior, se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura desde enfoques tanto teóricos como empíricos, que incluyen el estudio de conceptos más abstractos como democracia participativa o democracia deliberativa, y de mecanismos de participación ciudadana como las asambleas populares, los consejos consultivos y, por supuesto, los presupuestos participativos. Todo esto teniendo como eje transversal la incidencia de los factores contextuales en la fase de implementación de políticas públicas por los gobiernos locales. Por lo tanto, en esta investigación terminada, se aplicó el método de análisis doctrinal, usando la metodología cualitativa, a través de la revisión doctrinal, lo cual permitió evaluar y presentar resultados.
Inmigración y criminalidad en Italia entre percepción y realidad
Authors: Reatti Sofia
Published: April 2019

La imponente inmigración con la que nos encontramos hoy en día es un tema central del debate público nacional e internacional, de los medios de comunicación y de las instituciones políticas. El número de migrantes en todo el mundo sigue creciendo rápidamente en los últimos años, según los datos que fueron publicados por parte de UNCHR en 2017 llegaron a Europa 178.500 personas. ¿Qué es lo que implica la inmigración? ¿Es el binomio inmigración-criminalidad realidad o construcción social? El objetivo del artículo es proponer un enfoque sobre el caso italiano y presentar la percepción de la ciudadanía en materia de inmigración a través de análisis de sondeos de opinión, encuestas, informes y datos de la criminalidad publicados por instituciones y centros de investigación públicos y privados. Las instituciones políticas y los medios de comunicación tienen tendencia a presentar la inmigración en términos de alarma y amenaza, de esta manera se asocian al extranjero, directa o indirectamente, los conceptos de criminalidad, terrorismo, invasión y prevaricación, afectando así la percepción de los ciudadanos y ciudadanas. Del mismo modo, el miedo hacia el extranjero se refleja también sobre las políticas de seguridad que se adoptan para plantear la criminalidad y la delincuencia.