bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More Virulent Than Disease
Authors: Gage Stephanie
Published: April 2020

“More Virulent than Disease” is a chapter from the historical novel, Painted Butterflies. This excerpt is written through the voice of Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852 – 1934), Nobel Prize Winner, who is credited with being “The Father of Modern Neuroscience.” In this piece, Santiago is in his mid-twenties recounting the four years since his return from the Separatist War in Cuba (Ten Years War), where he served as a head physician in a remote jungle hospital. Here, he ruminates about his recovery from illnesses which he acquired in the tropics, from which he barely survived. His hopefulness, his need for artistic expression, his passion for the natural world and the courage he observed from others brought Santiago through one of the darkest periods of his life.  Painted Butterflies follows the life and scientific work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal through his journal entries. His story is expressed through his 19th century lens, but is also seen through the eyes of a modern, fictional neuroscientist, Rebecca Calhoun, who is navigating graduate school in the United States. Across two centuries and continents, these scientists discover themselves and what drives their passions for living deeply and the excitement of discovery. When Santiago’s journal falls mysteriously into Rebecca’s hands, they become connected by a scientific theory, spurned by Santiago’s prescience into how memory works. As if Santiago is whispering in her ear, Rebecca pursues her idea on how to enhance the brain’s capacity for memory (and succeeds), but there is a caveat that takes her findings to an unexpected and more personal place.
Periodic Poetry
Authors: Dreppec Alex
Published: April 2020

Three English poems and one in German - ecopoetry - using chemical element symbols for the complete text and to symbolize pollution and climate change.
Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Ecology and Human Rights in Gioconda Belli’s Waslala
Authors: Gates Madsen Nancy
Published: April 2020

Gioconda Belli’s futuristic novel Waslala reveals the many tensions that arise when one explores human rights within a context of planetary ecological crisis. While the novel criticizes human exploitation of natural resources and the resultant differential development and economic inequality, at the same time it affirms access to and control of resources as a fundamental human right. Using Steve Stern and Scott Straus’s framework of the “human rights paradox” and Jason Moore’s description of the “Capitalocene,” I argue that Waslala demonstrates two fundamental tensions between human rights and environmental issues. First, the novel shows how attention to the universal principles of global ecological balance may undermine the human rights of individuals constrained by geography or economic class. Second, it demonstrates how the human right to property is implicated in global ecological crisis. Although Waslala purports to privilege human rights over ecological concerns, at the same time it highlights the impossibility of separating the two, prompting a rethinking of the definition and practice of human rights within the context of global ecology.
“She Moves Through Deep Corridors”: Mobility and Settler Colonialism in Sharon Doubiago’s Proletarian Eco-Epic Hard Country
Authors: Rauscher Judith
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes Sharon Doubiago’s American long poem Hard Country (1982) from the joined perspectives of ecocriticism and mobility studies. It argues that Hard Country is a proletarian eco-epic that rethinks human-nature relations from a working-class perspective shaped by different kinds of (im)mobility. In my analysis, I show how the text revises the American epic tradition by foregrounding working-class people’s desire for meaningful relationships to place in light of histories of environmental injustice and displacement. Doubiago’s text promotes traditional place-based notions of belonging, but it also challenges ideas about what kind of sense of place can be environmentally suggestive. In doing so, it allows for the emergence of a proletarian “ecopoetics of mobility” (Gerhardt) that emphasizes the bodily experiences of Doubiago’s mobile narrator as well as U.S.-American histories and cultures of mobility. Among these cultures of mobility, settler colonialism stands out as a system of violent domination and form of environmental injustice (Whyte) that calls into question working-class people’s desire to move or settle on dispossessed indigenous lands. As such, settler colonialism poses a challenge to Doubiago’s proletarian ecopoetics of mobility, which must engage with the fact that white working-class people in the United States have always been perpetrators as well as victims of both environmental and mobility injustice.
Book review of Allegories of the Anthropocene
Authors: Champion Giulia
Published: April 2020

Book review.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY TERHADAP SELF-CONFIDENCE DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Maulana Akhmad Fatkhi , Utami Wikan Budi , Dwi W. Eleonora
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray lebih efektif dari pada model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap self-confidence peserta didik. (2) model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray lebih efektif dari pada model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik. (3) ada perbedaan self-confidence dan prestasi belajar matematika antara peserta didik yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray dengan yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. (4) model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray lebih efektif dari pada model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap self-confidence dan prestasi belajar matematika peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan pada kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas VII C dan kelas VIIE dengan menggunakan tes, dan angket. Instrumen tes prestasi belajar berjumlah 25 butir soal pilihan ganda, instrument angket berjumlah 25 item pernyataan. Instrumen tes dan angket terlebih dahulu diujikan ke kelas uji coba yaitu kelas VII A untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dengan taraf signifikan 5% yaitu uji t satu pihak kanan, uji Manova satu jalan, dan uji τ2– Hotelling dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : (1) Model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Tray lebih efektif dari pada yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap self confidence peserta didik. (2) Model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Tray lebih efektif dari pada yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik. (3) Ada perbedaan self-confidence dan prestasi belajar antara Peserta didik yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray dengan yang diajar menggunakan model konvensional. (4) Model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan model konvensional terhadap self-confidence dan prestasi belajar matematika pada materi pokok persamaan dan pertidaksamaan linier satu variabel.
PENGEMBANGAN CD INTERAKTIF PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI STATISTIKA
Authors: Utaminingsih Rr. Tri , Nayazik Akhmad , Wahyuni Arie
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to get results of interactive CD development valid, practical and effective statistical material. The type of this research is development research which refers to ADDIE (Analysis, Desigh, Development, Implementation aand Evaluatin). The subject of this research is xi grade of SMK Bhakti Praja 2 Batang. The instrument used in this research is (1) media expert evaluation questionnaire (2) material expert evaluation questionmire (3) student response questionnaire (4) student evaluation questions. The method used in gathering the data is, by doing observations, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The results of this study show the validty quality of the interactive CD meetr valid criteria shown by media experts who obtained and average score of 3,8 from maximum score 4 which is good, while material experts get 4,1 from maximum score 5 which means good. Quality of practicality of learning devices practical criteria indicate by the average score of student 4,01 from maximum score 5 which means good. Quality of effectiveness of learning devices in terms of students’ mathematical communication skills meet practical criteria shown by the percentage of students completeness 87,5% which means good. Of the 32 student, there are 28 students who had completed grads.Kata kunci: Development, Interactive CD, ADDIE model.
Adatbázis alapú technológiai paraméter választás CAM rendszerekben
Authors: Karker László , Andó Mátyás
Published: April 2020

Korszerű CNC programozás során a CAM rendszer nem csak a szerszámpályát generálja automatikusan, hanem a forgácsolási paramétereket is kitölti. Edgecam szoftver esetén bemutatjuk, hogyan kell a háttér adatbázisokat létrehozni ahhoz, hogy a paraméterkitöltés optimális legyen a munkadarab anyagától, illetve a megmunkálástól függően. Megállapítottuk, hogy ez a módszer jelentősen gyorsítja a programozást, illetve az elkészült programok megbízhatósága is javul. A forgácsolási körülmények optimálisak lesznek, elkerülhetők a szerszámtörések és javul a szerszám éltartama is. Univerzális lapkák alkalmazásával a szerszámmenedzsment hatékonyabbá válik és a termelékenység is nőhet, különösen akkor, ha a tervezési szempontoknál is figyelembe veszik az új programozási módszert.
Keretes pneumatikus prés tervezése
Authors: Pintér Márton András , Borbély Tibor , Biczó Roland
Published: April 2020

A gépkocsik súrlódó tengelykapcsolójának egyik legfontosabb alkatrésze a súrlódótárcsa. A különböző belső kialakítású (különböző szerkezetű) súrlódóbetétek roncsolásos vizsgálatához próbatestek kivágására van szükség. Egy, a próbatestek alapanyagául szolgáló súrlódóbetét előgyártmányok elkészítéshez szükséges keretes, pneumatikus működtetésű prés fejlesztési folyamatát mutatja be a cikk, amely kitér a méretezés és a szilárdsági ellenőrzés kérdéseire is. A prés a próbatestekhez szükséges súrlódóbetét előgyártmányok készítésén kívül alkalmas a gyártásközi selejtek javítására, azaz utómunkázásra is.
Regard sur la Déperdition Universitaire dans l’Enseignement Supérieur Marocain
Authors: Mansouri Zoulal
Published: April 2020

Cet article établit un état des lieux des aspects de l’offre de l’enseignement supérieur investis dans la lutte contre le phénomène de la déperdition universitaire. Ces aspects sont exposés à partir d’une revue de la littérature des réformes de l’enseignement supérieur au Maroc depuis 1999. De manière chronologique, ils sont revus dans la Charte Nationale de l’Education et de Formation 1999, dans le Plan d’Urgence 2009-2012, dans le Plan d’Action 2013-2016, et enfin, dans la Vision Stratégique de la Réforme 2015-2030. Il en est conclu qu’en dépit des efforts quantitatifs consentis dans la rétention des étudiantsà l’université jusqu’à l’obtention de diplôme, des progrès restent à faire du point de vue qualitatif.
Towards an inclusive pedagogy in South Africa
Authors: NAICKER SIGAMONEY
Published: April 2020

Very little has been done concerning mass education since it was introduced for working class children in developing and poor countries. Bowles and Gintis (1976) warned us that schools reproduce the status quo.  When developed nations plan they plan for the middle class because the middle class are in the majority.  Developing countries, following this model also plan for the middle class but the majority of children in developing countries are working class.  This action further marginalises the working class. Whilst this paper is contradictory in suggesting a first world inclusive education model I am of the view that you cannot throw the baby out with the bathwater.  There is enormous merit in following the inclusion model since it holds promise for working class children and vulnerable children who constitute the majority population in developing countries schooling systems. Developing countries should plan on the basis of the specificities of their contexts and continue to refine theories and models with a view to ensuring that more children graduate from school.

Working class children will struggle in the contemporary world because of the politicisation of education which results in a performative culture.  With the Neo-Liberal paradigm, working class children run the risk of remaining in the margins of society.  Modern day bureaucracies are victims of the performance culture that is promoted by the World Bank other supra national organisations.
RASIO KEUANGAN : DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN LABA STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Susilawati Susi
Published: April 2020

This study aims to strengthen the influence of Financial Ratios to Earning Growth (BEI). The sample selection with purposive sampling were 61 companies which held the year 2012 - 2016 ie 5 years and only 21 samples taken with the number of observation 105, the selection based on annual audit report. The independent variables studied are financial ratios consisting of Current Ratio (CR),Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), Total Asset Turnover (TAT) and Net Profit Margin (NPM), while the dependent variable is Earning Growth (EG). The results of this study show simultaneously current ratio, debt to ssset ratio, total asset turnover and net profit margin significant to earning growth at manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Partially, only the current asset variable has not significant effect to earning growth. Ratio of debt to Assets ratio, total asset turnover and net profit margin have a significant influence to earning growth in Indonesia Stock Exchange.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA AKUNTANSI: DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI PILIHAN KARIR SEBAGAI AUDITOR
Authors: Suryaningsih Maria
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the accounting university students’ perception about the auditors’ ethical orientation, the auditors’ working atmosphere and the auditors’ scandals. The study is also to examine and to analyze the influence of the auditors’ ethical orientation, the auditors’ working atmosphere and of the auditors’ scandals which encompasses the knowledge of general audit at the state-run Indonesian Railway Company (PT KAI) to the assessment of the career choice as an auditor. This study is conducted with the random sampling technique in the data collection. The accounting students of Muhammadiyah University who have studied the auditing or who are still studying the auditing become the population of this study. The data used in this study is the primary data obtained with questionnaires. Meanwhile, the hypothesis test is using the simple regression and multiple regression. There are four hypotheses in this study, all of which are accepted. The result of the test of this hypothesis shows that the ethical orientation, The working atmosphere, and auditors’ scandal, has a significant value of 0,000 The  meaning that it has a significant influence to the accounting students’ career choice as an auditor. Andthe results ofthis studyhave theabilityconclusionofall theindependent variables of  76.3% affectthe dependent variableisthe student's career choiceasauditor.
PENGARUH KARAKERISTIK PERUSAHAAN DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK / TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR PADA BEI TAHUN 2013-2016
Authors: Arviyanti Arviyanti , Muiz Enong
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to determine empirical evidence of the influence of company characteristics and ownership structure on tax avoidance / tax avoidance in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2013-2016. The samples used were 15 companies for 4 years so the total sample of 60 company data. Analysis of the data used is GLS (General Least Square) with the help of Eviews version 9. For independent variables, variable company characteristics are proxied on profitability (Return on Assets / ROA), leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio / DER), company size (Size) , capital intensity (Capital Intensity Ratio / CIR). The ownership structure variable is proxied to managerial ownership (OWNMANAG) and institutional ownership (OWNINS). As for the dependent variable tax avoidance is proxied at the effective tax rate (ETR / Effective Tax Rate). The results of this study are the influence of company characteristics which are proxied on ROA, DER, Size, CIR, only ROA which has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. DER and Size have no significant negative effect, while and CIR have positive but not significant effect on tax avoidance. Effect of Proposed Ownership Structure on managerial ownership does not have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance and institutional ownership does not have a significant negative effect on tax avoidance
PENGARUH MODAL KERJA DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Trisnaningsih Ani Widosari , Umar Haryono
Published: April 2020

In making a profitability decision, of course the company must have sufficient capital to finance operations in the company. This is to see how the influence of working capital and operational costs on profitability. The research method used by researchers is the method of multiple linear regression analysis, the coefficient of determination test, also performed a classic assumption test that is the Normality, Multicollinearity, Heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation Tests and also the Hypothesis Test which consists of the F Test and the t Test.Based on the t test (partially) it can be seen that working capital has a significant effect on profitability. Whereas Operational Costs do not affect the profitability. And based on the F Test the value of Fcalculates that working capital and operational costs affect profitability.
PENGARUH KONEKSI POLITIK DAN STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Maulana Ahmad , Wati Lela Nurlela
Published: April 2020

This study raises the issue of the influence of political connections and managerial ownership structures on firm value based on the phenomenon of political connection practices that occur in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence of the influence of political connections and managerial ownership structures on the value of the company where the long-term goals of the formation of companies to maximize the value of the company by increasing the prosperity of the owner or shareholders. This research sample uses secondary data derived from the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2016. Samples were taken using purposive sampling and that met the sample selection criteria. The sample used was 87 companies. Data is processed with Eviews 9 software using the General Least Square (GLS) method. The results of the study show that political connections have a positive positive effect on company value. While the managerial ownership structure does not have a significant effect on firm value.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN TOP UP FLAZZ PADA PT. TRANS JAKARTA
Authors: Andriyan Andriyan , Saleh Ridwan
Published: April 2020

PT. Transjakarta is a transportation company that uses an electronic ticket system. The ticket system at the Transjakarta bus stop since 2013 uses an electronic card (e-ticketing), instead of cash. One of these cards is the Flazz card issued by Bank BCA. However, the cash deposit from the sale of the flazz top up from Transjakarta to Bank Bca still experiences constraints, there is a difference every day. Then the need for internal control in the payment process and reconciliation between Bank Bca billing data and top up cash payments in the Transjakarta. So far the two reports that should have been balanced, in fact never happened. That is why reconciliation is needed and the causes of the differences are sought so that a balanced report can be produced. This study aims to determine the implementation of internal control on the concept of components according to COSO. The author uses descriptive methods with the type of qualitative analysis, by reviewing the application of elements of internal control by describing the facts that exist in the field, and analyzing the application of these elements with reference to COSO. The results show that in general the internal controls applied for top up flazz payments have met and are in accordance with the concepts and principles of internal control according to COSO. However, the implementation of the concept of internal control components needs to be refined to be more effective, namely the environmental control, risk assessment and monitoring components.
ANALISIS RASIO LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS, DAN RENTABILITAS DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Wulandari Tri , Darwis Hidayat
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the company's financial performance with a case study at PT. Marina Berto Tbk. The period 2012 to 2015. The research method used is a descriptive causality method, which describes the company's financial performance in terms of liquidity ratios, solvency ratios and profitability ratios compared to the average ratios of similar industry companies. The results showed that in general the financial performance of PT. Marina berto Tbk is below the industry average, which means it's not good. Although when viewed from the current ratio, quick ratio, total assets to debt ratio is still relatively safe to finance debt and operations, but due to a decline in profits in 2014 and 2015 because the company's cash ratio is below standard. And in terms of corporate profitability ratios that year experienced difficulties in generating profits because the company's concentration on increasing the quantity of production and development in manufacturing, then the financial performance was getting worse.
PENGARUH INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR DAN FEE AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Nurmalia Irma , Saleh Ridwan
Published: April 2020

This research was aimed to examine empirically the effect of audit independence, audit fee  and audit quality. The analysis used an independent variable of audit indpendence and audit fee. The dependent variable is audit quality. The sample of this research are auditors who worked on Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) Representative of South Jakarta. The sample was conducted by purposive sampling method. Collecting data was conducted by a questionnaire distributed directly to auditors as much 67 questionnaires. The statistical method used was multiplied analysis linear regression, with hypotheses testing of statistic t-tests and hypotheses testing of statistic f-tests. The result of this research showed that audit independence, audit fee  and audit quality.. Pressure obedience significantlysimultaneously or partially on audit quality at the Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) in the South Jakarta area.
PENGARUH PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN DAN PERPUTARAN PIUTANG TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Jennah Alfiatun , Yuli Rama
Published: April 2020

The best company performance is seen in the company’s financial performance by using the rules of financial implementation properly and correctly. This study aims to determine between inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover towards profitability partially and simultaneously on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2017. This research was conducted to increase the company’s profitability and make the company successful in achieving its goals without any deviant actions. This type of research is quantitative descriptive using secondary data taken by Simple Random Sampling which is a sample selection where members are randomly selected randomly (all get the same opportunity to choose) where if it has been selected it cannot be selected again. The data analysis used is SPSS version 19 because the research model uses secondary data. The data is then analyzed using The Descriptive Statistical Test, Classic Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Test, Hypothesis Test and Determination Coefficient Test. The results of the study prove that inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover have a significant effect on company profitability. Therefore, companies need to increase inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover in order to further increase the company’s profitability.
FAKTOR PENENTU KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Tullah Dewi Sarifah , Apriyanti Erma , Suryati Emi
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of internal control systems, Good Government Governance and Human Resources Quality on the quality of local government financial reports in the Provinces of West Java and Banten. The Unit of Analysis in this study was the local government in the provinces of West Java and Banten. The sample in this study was the Regional Financial Management Agency in the Provinces of West Java and Banten. In this study, the number of samples used was 34 samples with an error rate of 5%. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Methods of data analysis using validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression data analysis, classic assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity), t tests, and coefficient of determination analysis (R2). The results of this study indicate that the internal control system and Human Resources Quality do not have a significant effect on the quality of local government financial reports, while Good Government Governance affects the quality of local government financial reports.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Diabetic Patients About Diabetic Foot Disease
Authors: Rabnawaz Qandeel , Rafique Muhammad Usman , Rehman Usman Ali , Bhatti Sami Ullah
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a major challenge for the healthcare system, with enormous economic consequences for people living with diabetes, their families and society and it affects both quality of life and quality of care in the diabetic patients. This study was conducted to know about the knowledge, attitude and practices about diabetic foot disease in diabetic patients.Methodology: The study of knowledge, attitude and practices about DFD was done at the different areas in Lahore and at Bhutta Clinical Lab, Multan. Duration of this study was about 6 months. Questionnaire was designed and filled. Sample size of this study was 380. Data was collected and analysed by using SPSS.Results: In this study, 67.9% diabetic patients had poor knowledge, 30% had satisfactory knowledge whereas only 2.1% patients had good knowledge. Regarding attitude towards the DFD, 98.7% patients had good attitude, 1.3% patients had satisfactory attitude and poor attitude had not showed by any patient. In practices score, 47.4% were doing satisfactory practices, 42.9% patients were doing good practices and 9.7% patients were doing poor practices regarding DFD.Conclusion: In this study, awareness of the diabetic foot disease in diabetic patients was poor that may cause increase in the frequency of the diabetic foot disease that may ultimately cause amputation of the lower limb and even cause death due to sepsis. But attitude towards the disease was good in majority of the diabetic patients and practices regarding disease were also satisfactory therefore by increasing the knowledge regarding disease and knowledge of the good practices, reduction of the severe cases of disease and prevention of the disease should be done.
Perceptions about Hepatitis C, its Myths, Misconceptions and Association with Health-Related Behavior among People of District Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Kawish Ayesha Baber , Hashmi Aamira , Irshad Muzammil , Azam Naila
Published: April 2020

Background: Hepatitis C virus is a blood-borne virus where the most common modes of its transmission are unsafe injection practices, inadequate sterilization of medical equipment, and transfusion of unscreened blood and blood products. Approximately, 130–150 million people globally are suffering from chronic hepatitis C infection. A significant number of these chronically infected will develop liver cirrhosis or liver cancer subsequently. Approximately 500,000 people die of hepatitis C related liver diseases every year. This study aimed to describe personal characteristics, knowledge of respondents and to find out association of these factors with perceptions about Hepatitis C. The study also aimed to focus on perceptions (perceived susceptibility, severity and cues to action) of general population and finding association between their perceptions and health-related behaviors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Layyah city situated in Punjab province. Total of 423 male participants were selected through multistage sampling from general population of district Layyah. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Out of 423 respondents, participants with the poor level of knowledge had right perceptions about hepatitis C (16.8%). 82.7% of the respondents were aware about the availability of hepatitis C treatment. Highest perceptions were observed in age group of 21-25 years old (39.7%), unmarried (73.0%), Saraiki (58.2%) and unemployed population (45.9%). People with less myth had the right perceptions about the hepatitis C.Conclusion: Increasing age, unmarried status and ethnicity were associated with right perceptions shown by respondents. Knowledge remained significant in showing association with perceptions about hepatitis C. General population perceived their susceptibility, severity of consequences and cues to actions were connecting them to show right perceptions overall. Relatives, colleagues and TV were common source of information about hepatitis C respectively.
Factors Affecting Uptake of Routine Immunization Among Children Age 12-23 Months in District Rahimyar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Amin Muhammad Shafquat , Thaver Inayat , Imran Muhammad
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground: Vaccination prevents significant amount of childhood deaths around the globe. Pakistan is vaccinating children through EPI since 1978 against 10 diseases. Pakistan is facing difficulties in achieving goal of vaccine coverage due to multiple factors. Researches reveal that human resource, poor equipment and training of health care personnel are important for successful immunization programme. Current study was conducted to assess the routine immunization coverage among children of age 12-23 months in Rahimyar Khan district, Punjab, Pakistan and to identify factors that affect uptake of routine immunization in Rahimyar Khan district, Punjab, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was conducted in Rahimyar Khan from Oct 2016-Jan 2017. A total of 378 mothers having children of age 12-23 months were interviewed through structured questionnaire. Total 12 (six rural and six urban) Union Councils of district Rahimyar Khan were selected through random sampling. For household selection, random area of union council was selected, and bottle was rotated to select first house, then every Nth (5th) house were approached for sample until required sample size was obtained. Data was analysed by SPSS 22.0. Chi Square test was used to explore association between independent variables and outcome variable.Results: A total of 378 mothers of children age 12-23 months were interviewed. About 66.10% children were found fully immunized. Measles- II vaccine coverage was 60.8% while 78% were immunized against BCG vaccines. Mother’s educational status, occupation and father’s educational status, occupations were observed to the significantly affect the immunization coverage of children. The monthly household income, age of children and area of residence also significantly affected the immunization coverage of children. Other factors such as the child gender, ethnicity, religion, type of family and number of children did not significantly affect the immunization coverage. Majority of respondents’ perception were place of delivery and community health workers play role to enhance the vaccination coverage.Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority (66.10%) of children were completely immunized within recommended time. The reasons of vaccine refusal and lower immunization coverage areas can be countered by overcoming the factors such as place of delivery, theory of knowledge, general public motivation and well-planned infrastructure at National and local level.
Sustainable Environmental Development and Disaster Risk Reduction in the Context of Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Introduction: Disasters are the catastrophic events which affects human lives, infrastructure and economy at significant scale. Pakistan is vulnerable to disasters due to its climate change and geography. Climate change causes much more complications and disasters. So, there should be focus on climate change adaptations to reduce disaster risks. If country spends 1 dollar on DRR it saves 5 to 7 dollars to be spent on same population if disaster strike. So, development for disaster risk reduction is much more important. Making the communities resilient and reduces vulnerability environmental sustainability is very important. After the Millennium Development Goals recommendations, Pakistan is also trying to gain environmental sustainability but more in papers instead of practically. So, the need is to make sure practical implementations of these plans and efforts. The objective of this study was to overview the sustainable environmental development and disaster risk reduction in the context of Pakistan.Methodology: This is the descriptive cross-sectional review study.Conclusion: As Pakistan is vulnerable for natural disasters due to its geography and climate change like floods, landslides, droughts and Tsunamis. These impact communities according to vulnerability level of the community. Impacts of these disasters on communities can be reduced by reducing their vulnerability and increasing their resilience level.
Frequency of Parenternal Exposure and Seroprevelence of HBV, HCV and HIV among Operating Room Personnel
Authors: Ullah Qudrat , Rehman Usman Ali , Hanif Asif
Published: April 2020

Background: There are many experiences in the operation theatre professionals to get Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human immunodeficiency virus during their profession in operating room due to accidental needle pricks or through cut by any sharp. The objective of this study is to find out the Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevelence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel.Methodology: Frequency of parenteral exposure and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel was found using ICT method.Results: All 108 (100 %) operating room personnel were HBV, HCV and HIV negative, none of them showed positive results. Among these 108 operating room personnel to complete my research, among these 58 (53.7%) were male and 50 (46.3%) were female.Conclusion: It is concluded by the study that there are no positive cases of HBV, HCV and HIV among operating room personnel in Gulab devi hospital and Masood hospital.
Frequency of Different Organism in Nosocomial Swabs using Surface Method Fumigation with Formaldehyde in Operation Theatre
Authors: Saba Riffat , Ullah Qudrat , Rehman Usman Ali , Hanif Asif , Bhatti Sami Ullah
Published: April 2020

Background: A facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment is an operating theatre also known as an operating suite, operation theatre or operation suite. In past, the operation theatre was a place where there was an educational setting have had raised tables or chairs at the centre for performing operations surrounded by several rows of seats for students and other spectators to observe the case in progress. The objective of this research is that to better the efficacy of sterilization of operation theatre to reduce the surgical site infection and contamination at highest level.Methodology: Data was collected from surgical department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Carbolization was employed to disinfect operating room and fumigation to sterilize. After neutralization with ammonia, culture swabs were collected from OT table, OT light, OT floor, OT wall, anaesthesia machine and OT trolley. Efficacy of fumigation was concluded using statistical tools.Results: There were no positive results prior and even after the fumigation.Conclusion: There was no organism growth in OT. There was no evidence of Escherichia coli,Proteus Mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. faecalis, Coagulase negative staph and Salmonella choleraesius.
Post-Operative Pain Comparison between Peri-Operative Bupivacaine Infiltration Vs Post-Operative Opioids Analgesics in Patient Undergoing Abdominal Surgery in First 6 Hours
Authors: Zahra Syeda Hina , Ullah Qudrat , Rehman Usman Ali , Hanif Asif , Bhatti Sami Ullah
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Background: To compare between opioids and wound infiltration to reduce post-operative painin abdominal surgery in first 6 hours, in appropriate treatment, contraindications of treatment and increase mortality of patients. This article presents novel approach to surgical site infiltration techniques and intravenous opioids for abdominal surgery to reduce pain. The main aim of this study is optimal patient comfort rather than reduce pain intensity, reduction offside effects is also an important goal in pain management.Methodology: Data was collected from surgical department of Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Duringabdominal surgery bupivacaine was given to some patients while other were managed by postoperative opioids and by using designed performa it is concluded that which one of them is better method for post-operative pain management.Results: This is the descriptive study conducted in Gulab Devi Hospital Lahore.in this study, inthis study minimum age of the patients was 14 and maximum age of the patients was 80. The mean age was 32.16+12.32 years. In this study out of total 100 patients, 18(18.00%) were male patients and 82(82.00%) were females. Female gender predominated in this study. in this study, p-value is 0.00 (<0.05%) so pain relieving chances of bupivacaine infiltration as moderate pain scale were 84% and in distracting pain scale chances in bupivacaine infiltration were 16%.But pain relieving chances of opioids as moderate pain scale were 12.24 % and in distracting pain scale chances in opioids were 87.75%.so peri-operative pain management by bupivacaine infiltration is better than post –operative opioids management in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Conclusion: According to my research bupivacaine wound infiltration is better method for postoperative pain management in abdominal surgeries. Our study was conducted at Gulab DeviHospital and Services Hospital in an area of pain management by opioids and infiltration, whichmay limit the applications of our findings in area of pain management by opioids and infiltrationprevalence.
Trends in Health Wearables
Authors: Rao Hamna
Published: April 2020

In the last decade technology has advanced tremendously in all fields and health sector is equally benefited. Healthcare is more likely known as e-health in this era of information and technology because of its advancements and opportunities given to health sector. E-health proposes more convenient and approachable accessibility for the health providers and patients. Information technology and electric health together have made the health sector more updated and idealized for individuals. Health devices, appliances and wearables are kind of recent innovations in healthcare. With the trend of health devices and health wearables there have been certain challenges in healthcare sector as well when it comes to clinical acceptance and practice. This literature review aims to define current health scope of wearables, challenges and future if wearables in health industry.
Three Years of TIJFS: Observations, Current Practices and Future Perspective
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Aslamkhan Muhammad
Published: April 2020

The International Journal of Frontier Sciences just completed its three years of publication. Start of a journal is always challenging for editors especially if journal is not an official publication of some institute or professional society. However, completing three years also has been a very learning experience for editorial team.
From the start, TIJFS team is focused to catch indexation in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. However, starting years of the journal are always challenging. Journal editors are continuously improving practices to achieve these milestones at earliest. In scope, journal is transdisciplinary mainly covering life and environmental sciences. Starting from Pakistan, it was very difficult to run an internationally covered journal, however, our international editorial team putting its continuous efforts to do this. In last year, journal started its indexing process and just became a part of WHO’s Index Medicus. Also, editors started to generate digital object identifiers (DOIs) of all manuscripts published. Currently, journal is in process of indexation in prestigious international bodies including Web of Science etc. Journal editors hope to be a part of many international indices during the current volume year. Also, its worth to mention that journal is following ethical guidelines by Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Committee of Publication Ethics, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and World Association of Medical Editors.
Current volume contains original articles, clinical audit and a report covering broad spectrum domains of life sciences especially medical science including topics of clinical chemistry, dentistry, gynaecology, neurosurgery, nutrition, pain medicine, public health, rehabilitation, sleep medicine, surgery and virology.
Comparison of Efficiencies of Neurological Physical Examination, Neurothesiometer and PainDETECT Questionnaire in Diagnosing Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Ahsan Hajrah , Kareem Talha , Tanveer Salma , Aftab Muhammad Farrukh , Zeb Bahawal , Kabir Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Objective: To compare the efficacies of neurological physical examination, neurothesiometer and PainDETECT questionnaire in diagnosing diabetic neuropathy.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan from 1st December 2018 to 10th March 2019.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and four patients of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes visiting the outdoor department were included in this study. They were assessed by lab results of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting and random blood sugar levels and neurological physical examination.
Results: The physical examination with Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument showed that around 29 of the patients were having established neuropathy. The PainDETECT questionnaire on the other hand showed about 42 patients having a definitive neuropathy while the neurothesiometer showed that 79 of the total patients had varying degrees of neuropathy.
Conclusion: The neurothesiometer is a better diagnostic tool for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy in patients.
COVID 19 PANDEMİSİNDE YÜKSEK RİSKLİ GEBELİKLERİN BELİRLENMESİ VE YÖNETİMİ: ANTENATAL TAKİP PİRAMİDİNİ TERSİNE ÇEVİRME ZAMANI MI ?
Authors: YAPAR EYİ Elif Gül , MORALOĞLU TEKİN Özlem
Published: April 2020

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) infeksiyonu doğrulanmış veya şüphelenilenler de dahil olmak üzere tüm gebelerin kaliteli antenatal takip, doğum, ve lohusa takibi ve ruhsal sağlık hizmeti alma hakkına sahip olduğunu yayınladı. COVID-19’ un Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 11 Mart 2020 de pandemi olduğu ilanı 24 saat boyunca ve tatil günlerinden bağımsız kesintisiz doğum hizmeti veren, anne ve bebeği olarak iki ayrı hastanın sorumluluğunu taşıyan yegane brans olan kadın doğumun iş yükünü ve sorumluluğunu daha da ağırlaştırmıştır. Acili en fazla olan uzmanlık alanı olması yanında hem doğum hem de düşük gibi üreme ile ilgili durumların ve komplikasyonların kadın doğum hekimi ile gebenin çok yakın temas halinde ve uzun süre birarada bulunarak yönetildiği bilinmektedir. Doğumların %50’ sinden fazlasının sezaryen ile gerçekleştirilmesi ve cerrahinin getirdiği ek riskler, ultrasonografinin gebe muayenesinin bir parçası olarak kol boyundan daha kısa mesafeden uygulanması, 15-45 yaş aralığındaki gebe populayonda semptomatik dişında asemptomatik ya da presemptomatik (COVID-19) seyrinin sıklığı ve bulaş riski göz önüne alındığında kadın doğum hekimi mesleğini yüksek riskle uygulamaktadır. Bu nedenle erken dönemde gebelerin risk değerlendirmelerinin rahim içi gebelik doğrulandıktan sonra ilk trimesterde anne öyküsü ve karakteristik özellikleri ve biyofizik ve biyokimyasal testlerle yapılarak düşük risk grubu gebelerde 12, 20,37.ve doğum gerçekleşmemiş ise 41. gebelik haftasında ek sorunlar olmadığı takdirde muayenelerin yapılması, riskli grupta ise 12-34. haftalarda değerlendirmenin uzmanlarca gerçekleştirilmesi pandeminin yayılma hızına yetişme sıkıntısı çekebilecek olan sağlık sisteminin yükü ile birlikte, maternal ve perinatal komplikasyonları azaltabilecektir. Özellikle doğum ve düşük gibi işlemlerin ve zorunlu cerrahinin ertelenmesi mümkün olamayacağından düşük risk grubunda antenatal muayene aralıklarının açılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle, “yüksek riskli gebelik” kavramını öne çıkaran bir algoritmanın uygulanmasını hedeflemekteyiz. Bir taraftan da girişim gerektiren acil ve öncelikli hastalarda cerrahi ve sonrasında takip, infeksiyon koruma tedbirlerinin en üst düzeyde sağlandığı bir ortamda yapılmalıdır. Bu yazıda, obstetrik girişimlerin gebe ve sağlık çalışanı için güvenliliğin sağlandığı şartlarda gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve hem anne ve hem de fetusun güvenliliğini sağlayacak ve kadın doğum/perinatoloji ekibinin maksimum seviyede korunabilmesi için uygulanmasında yararlı olabilecek gebelikte “Yüksek risk algoritmasına” ilişkin bilgilendirme ve yönetim sunulmaktadır
Measuring Star Formation Histories, Distances, and Metallicities with Pixel Color–Magnitude Diagrams. II. Applications to Nearby Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Cook B. A. , Conroy Charlie , van Dokkum Pieter
Published: April 2020

We present spatially resolved measurements of star formation histories (SFHs), metallicities, and distances in three nearby elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31 derived using the pixel color–magnitude diagram (pCMD) technique. We compute pCMDs from archival Hubble Space Telescope photometry of M87, M49, NGC 3377, and M31, and we fit the data using the new code PCMDPy. We measure distances to each system that are accurate to ∼10%. The recovered nonparametric SFHs place reasonable (±1 dex) constraints on the recent (<2 Gyr) star formation in M31 and NGC 3377, both of which show evidence of inside-out growth. The SFHs in M87 and M49 are constrained only at the oldest ages. The pCMD technique is a promising new avenue for studying the evolutionary history of the nearby universe and is highly complementary to existing stellar population modeling techniques.