bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Nutritional Ingredients, Biologically Active Materials, and Pharmacological Activities of Stropharia rugosoannulata Grown under the Bamboo Forest and in the Greenhouse
Authors: Wei Lei , Jing Bingnian , Li Xiao , Hou Yueying , Xie Xiaoyang , Wang Zhiyao , Liu Yuqing , Zhou Yong , Chang Xia , Wang Wei
Published: December 2021

Evaluations of the nutritional ingredients, biologically active materials, and pharmacological activities (antibacterial and antioxidant) of two types of Stropharia rugosoannulata, grown under the bamboo forest and in the greenhouse, respectively, were carried out in this study. The nutritional ingredient tests included moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total carbohydrates, total sugar, mineral elements, vitamins, and amino acids. The biologically active material assays included total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, and reducing sugars. In addition, a broth microdilution susceptibility test was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS+ radical scavenging, ferric-reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Results showed that two types of S. rugosoannulata were rich in protein, carbohydrate, fiber, mineral, B-group vitamins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and reducing sugars, with low content of fat and low Na/K ratio. Besides, they were effective in antibacterial and antioxidant activities, while S. Rugosoannulata grown under the bamboo forest was better than the greenhouse one in some respects such as higher content of protein, calcium, selenium, nicotinic acid, folic acid, polysaccharides and triterpenoids, and stronger antibacterial and antioxidant activities. They were appropriate for functional food and nutritional supplements, especially bamboo forest.
Investigation of Multiple Hole Grouting for Reducing Water Inrush Risk in Underground Engineering
Authors: Yang Changde , Li Ling , Li Ying , Gao Yakuan
Published: December 2021

Reinforcement with grout as an environmentally friendly technology has played a key role in underground coal mining. The risk of the water inrush into coal mines can all be reduced by grouting. A model that integrates a geographic information system (GIS), distribution of quantity of grouting injected, and water inflow correlation method is proposed here to evaluate the effects of grouted reinforcement in coal mining. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the volume of grout injected and water yield of aquifers are analyzed by using the GIS, and the rate of filling of cement slurry and its distribution characteristics are determined. The effects of grouting on the aquifers which has been carried out to reduce their permeability are determined by comparing the spatial temporal variations in the volume of the grout injected, water yield, and rate of filling of the cement slurry. The method was applied in a case study in a coalmine in Henan province, China, in which the risk of the water inrush from karst aquifers has been reduced by grouting. There are three limestone aquifers, namely, L8, L10, and L11 which underlie an exploitable coal seam. The result indicates that most of the cement slurry is consumed when the water yield is 20 to 30 m3/h; and that there are minimal changes of the electrical properties of the rock stratum under coal seam when the water yield of L11 is low within the range of 40 m. The resistivity of the aquifers before and after grouting and their spatial characteristics are tested by using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM), and this shows that there are no areas with low resistivity. The electrical properties of the strata at a depth that ranges from 40–80 m with transverse homogeneity show that Aquifers L10 and L11 have been transformed into aquicludes. The reinforcement effect of aquifers with grout is good.
Tobacco Smoking and Liver Cancer Risk: Potential Avenues for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Jain Divya , Chaudhary Priya , Varshney Nidhi , Bin Razzak Khandaker Sabit , Verma Devret , Khan Zahra Tasnim Reza , Janmeda Pracheta , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Daştan Sevgi Durna , Mahmud Shafi , Docea Anca Oana , Calina Daniela
Published: December 2021

Smoking a cigarette generates over 4000 chemicals that have a deleterious impact on each part of the human body. It produces three main severe effects on the liver organ: oncogenic, immunological, and indirect or direct toxic effects. It results in the production of cytotoxic substances, which raises fibrosis and necro-inflammation. Additionally, it also directs the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6) that will be responsible for the chronic liver injury. Furthermore, it gives rise to secondary polycythemia and successively raises the turnover and mass of red cells, which might be a common factor responsible for the development of oxidative stress in the liver due to iron overload. It also produces chemicals that are having oncogenic properties and raises the risk of liver cancer especially in sufferers of chronic hepatitis C. Smoking modulates both humoral and cell-mediated responses by restricting the proliferation of lymphocytes and inducing their apoptosis and ultimately decreasing the surveillance of cancer cells. Moreover, it has been determined that heavy smoking impacts the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon (IFN) therapy through different mechanisms, which can be improved by phlebotomy. Efforts are being made in different nations in decreasing the prevalence of smoking to improve premature death and ill effects of their nation’s individuals.
Calculation Model of Relative Permeability in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir with Stress Sensitivity
Authors: Yan Jin , Zheng Rongchen , Chen Peng , Wang Shuping , Shi Yunqing
Published: December 2021

During the development of tight gas reservoir, the irreducible water saturation, rock permeability, and relative permeability change with formation pressure, which has a significant impact on well production. Based on capillary bundle model and fractal theory, the irreducible water saturation model, permeability model, and relative permeability model are constructed considering the influence of water film and stress sensitivity at the same time. The accuracy of this model is verified by results of nuclear magnetic experiment and comparison with previous models. The effects of some factors on irreducible water saturation, permeability, and relative permeability curves are discussed. The results show that the stress sensitivity will obviously reduce the formation permeability and increase the irreducible water saturation, and the existence of water film will reduce the permeability of gas phase. The increase of elastic modulus weakens the stress sensitivity of reservoir. The irreducible water saturation increases, and the relative permeability curve changes little with the increase of effective stress. When the minimum pore radius is constant, the ratio of maximum pore radius to minimum pore radius increases, the permeability increases, the irreducible water saturation decreases obviously, and the two-phase flow interval of relative permeability curve increases. When the displacement pressure increases, the irreducible water saturation decreases, and the interval of two-phase flow increases. These models can calculate the irreducible water saturation, permeability and relative permeability curves under any pressure in the development of tight gas reservoir. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the productivity evaluation and performance prediction of tight sandstone gas reservoirs.
Field Study on the Law of Surface Subsidence in the High‐Intensity Fully Mechanized Caving Mining Working Face with Shallow Thick Bedrock and Thin Epipedon in Hilly Areas
Authors: Tan Yi , Cheng Hao , Gong Shuang , Bai Erhu , Shao Minchao , Hao Bingyuan , Li Xiaoshuang , Xu Han
Published: December 2021

Shallow and thick coal seams occur extensively in hilly areas in Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province, China. The surface damage and landslides caused by shallow fully mechanized caving mining have a very serious impact on the environment. To provide a theoretical and reference foundation for mine environmental protection in hilly settings, a research on surface movement of the high‐intensity fully mechanized caving mining working face with shallow thick bedrock and thin epipedon (HIFMCMWFSTBTE) is urgently needed. In this study, using the P2 working face of a mine as the research object, three surface subsidence observation lines were arranged in this working face to analyze the dynamic change characteristics of surface subsidence. Besides, the law of surface movement, mining sufficiency, fracture development and distribution characteristics, subsidence speed, and surface movement duration of HIFMCMWFSTBTE in hilly areas were comparatively studied. The research results reveal that the upper part of the slope slides towards the downhill direction under the action of tensile stress or push stress. As a result, the range of the horizontal movement towards the downhill direction of the slope and the range of surface movement both increase, and the movement angle and boundary angle both decrease compared with the plain. HIFMCMWFSTBTE is prone to serious sudden discontinuous damage. Fractures on the gully region surface develop along the contour, forming a crisscross fracture network, and the fractures are not easy to close after being generated. HIFMCMWFSTBTE in hilly areas can achieve full mining more easily than those of other geological conditions. According to the field measurement, critical full mining can be achieved in P2 working face when the ratio of mining width to mining depth is 1.07. The surface movement duration of HIFMCMWFSTBTE in hilly areas is relatively short. Considerable subsidence will occur in the active stage, and the surface subsidence is sudden and violent. The measured surface stabilization time of the P2 working face is only 20% of the calculated value in the Specification for Coal Pillar Reservation and Coal Mining under Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways, and Main Shafts (hereinafter referred to as the Specification), indicating that the specification′s empirical formula is inapplicable to the calculation of surface stabilization time of the P2 working face.
Development of Evaluation Index Model for Activation and Promotion of Public Space in the Historic District Based on AHP/DEA
Authors: Wu Fengwen , Qin Shiyu , Su Chunyu , Chen Mingyuan , Wang Qian , Zhang Qizeng
Published: December 2021

Historic districts represent an important characteristic of Beijing and are also a crucial carrier of Chinese historic culture. However, they are significantly affected by the rapid urban constructions. Thus, it is of great significance to maintain and promote the public space in historic districts. This paper uses a multisource data superposition method to select the evaluation index of public space. The AHP was also used to complete the single-level and total-level ranking and calculation of evaluation indexes. Finally, based on the DEA model, a vitality evaluation model of Beijing historic district public spaces was developed and its validity was verified through a case study of the Wanping historic district.
Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Coronary Syndrome: MicroRNAs as Microregulators for Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Razak Nur Izah Ab , Ezani Nor Eliani , Ismail Norzian
Published: December 2021

The most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide is acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its consequences. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) from air pollution has been shown to impair both. Various plausible pathogenic mechanisms have been identified, including microRNAs (miRNAs), an epigenetic regulator for gene expression. Endogenous miRNAs, average 22-nucleotide RNAs (ribonucleic acid), regulate gene expression through mRNA cleavage or translation repression and can influence proinflammatory gene expression posttranscriptionally. However, little is known about miRNA responses to fine PM (PM2.5, PM10, ultrafine particles, black carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) from air pollution and their potential contribution to cardiovascular consequences, including systemic inflammation regulation. For the past decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as novel, prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various illnesses, including ACS. We wanted to outline some of the most important studies in the field and address the possible utility of miRNAs in regulating particulate matter-induced ACS (PMIA) on inflammatory factors in this review.
Price Risk Measurement of China’s Soybean Futures Market Based on the VAR‐GJR‐GARCH Model
Authors: Wang Chuan-hui , Wang Li-ping , Gong Wei-feng , Zhang Hai-xia , Liu Xia
Published: December 2021

As one of the main forces in the futures market, agricultural product futures occupy an important position in China’s market. As China’s futures market started late and its maturity was low, there are many risks. This study focuses on the Dalian soybean futures market. Dynamic risk measurement models were established to empirically analyze risk measurement problems under different confidence levels. Then, the conditional variance calculated by the volatility model was introduced into the value‐at‐risk model, and the accuracy of the risk measurement was tested using the failure rate test model. The empirical results show that the risk values calculated by the established models at the 99% and 95% confidence levels are more valuable through the failure rate test, and the risk of China’s soybean futures market can be measured more accurately. The characteristics of “peak thick tail” and “leverage effect” are added to the combination model to calculate the conditional variance more accurately. The failure rate test method is used to test the model, which enriches the research problem of risk measurement.
The Concept of Originality in Academic Research of Engineering
Authors: Shaheen Muhammad
Published: December 2021

The definition of research appears to be a controversial subject in the academic community. It is almost becoming apparent that research remains a key element in master’s and doctoral degrees. Originality is, to varying degrees, the primary concern for the genuineness of research, but there is a difference of opinion on the concept of originality. In practice, a subjective analysis of originality is performed at the time of the assessment of the said degrees’ theses; therefore, the resulting evaluation is affected by the difference of opinion on the concept of originality. It has also emerged that the concept of originality in research is also marginally unique in various areas. This study is focused upon reaching a point of agreement for the definition of originality in the theses/dissertation of masters and doctorate degrees in engineering only. The outcome of the research should be something new and originally contribute to the body of knowledge. This study focused on to arrive at an accurate definition of originality in university degrees in the field of engineering. An online survey was designed and carried out on the basis of evidence and expert opinion. The survey was distributed amongst engineering peers. The results of the survey are systematically summed up in the study.
Seismic Diffraction Analysis of a Fluid Escape Pipe beneath the Submarine Gas Bubble Plume in the Haima Cold Seep Area
Authors: Liu Bin , Yang Li , Chen Jiangxin , Azevedo Leonardo , Han Tonggang
Published: December 2021

Pipe structures are considered as fluid conduits beneath cold seeps. These structures have been observed in many geological settings and are widely accepted as the most critical pathway for fluid migration. One of such pipe structures in the Haima cold seep region is investigated herein. The pipe structure extends from below the BSR and reaches the seafloor. It is characterized by a string of events with short and strong seismic amplitudes, similar to the string of bead reflections (SBRs) associated with small-scale caves in carbonate reservoirs. This leads to the hypothesis that multiple small-scale bodies exist within the pipe structure. We test this hypothesis by analysis of diffraction waves and numerical seismic modeling. Travel time pattern analysis indicates that the diffractors within the pipe structure caused the rich diffraction waves on the shot records, and the reversed polarity indicates that the diffractors have a lower impedance than the surrounding sediments. These low-impedance bodies are interpreted as gas pockets within the pipe structures. Based on these interpretations, a conceptual model is proposed to describe the fluid migration process within the pipe. Briefly, we propose that gas pockets within the pipe structure could be analogue to the magma chambers located beneath volcanoes and this may provide a new insight into how gases migrate through the pipe structure and reach the seafloor.
Experimentation of a Wearable Self‐Powered Jacket Harvesting Body Heat for Wearable Device Applications
Authors: Khan Atif Sardar , Khan Farid Ullah
Published: December 2021

The development of special wearable/portable electronic devices for health monitoring is rapidly growing to cope with different health parameters. The emergence of wearable devices and its growing demand has widened the scope of self‐powered wearable devices with the possibility to eliminate batteries. For instance, the wearable thermoelectric energy harvester (TEEH) is an alternate to batteries, which has been used in this study to develop four different self‐powered wearable jacket prototypes and experimentally validated. It is observed that the thermal resistance of the cold side without a heat sink of prototype 4 is much greater than the rest of the proposed prototypes. Besides that, the thermal resistance of prototype 4 heat sinks is even lower among all proposed prototypes. Therefore, prototype 4 would have a relatively higher heat transfer coefficient which results in improved power generation. Moreover, an increase in heat transfer coefficient is observed with an increase in the temperature difference of the cold and hot sides of a TEEH. Thus, on the cold side, a heat flow increases which benefits heat dissipation and in turn reduces the thermal resistance of the heat sink. Besides that, the developed prototypes on people show that power generation is also affected by factors like ambient temperature, person’s activity, and wind breeze and does not depend on the metabolism. A different mechanism has been explored to maximize the power output within a 16.0 cm2 area, in order to justify the wearability of the energy harvester. Furthermore, it is observed that during the sunlight, any material covering the TEEH would improve the performance of prototypes. Prototypes are integrated into jacket and studied extensively. The TEEH system was designed to produce a maximum delivering power and power density of 699.71 μW and 43.73 μW/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the maximum voltage produced is 62.6 mV at an optimal load of 5.6 Ω. Furthermore, the TEEH (prototype 4) is connected to a power management circuit of ECT310 and LTC3108 and has been able to power 18 LEDs.
Jealousy and Domestic Violence by Women in Early and Medieval China
Authors: Milburn Olivia
Published: December 2021

Beginning in the early imperial era, Chinese texts recorded instances of domestic violence perpetrated by women living in polygynous households. These acts of abuse were commonly understood to be the result of sexual jealousy. Marital disharmony was a cause of great concern to the elite, as a result of which legal and historical texts, as well as the literature of the period, provide a rich vein of evidence concerning domestic violence perpetrated by women. Furthermore, there are some surprisingly sympathetic accounts of the psychological pressures that led to such abuse by wives. As the importance of this material in the history of marital relationships and domestic life in China has been neglected, this study provides an overview of some of the key sources, particularly the recently discovered Han dynasty narrative poem, Wang Ji 妄稽.
Against the Monist Model of Tang Poetics
Authors: Bender Lucas Rambo
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, a significant amount of Western scholarship on traditional Chinese poetry and poetics has either proposed or assumed a vision of the art underwritten by the supposed “monism,” “nonduality,” and “immanence” of traditional Chinese worldviews. This essay argues that although these were important ideas in certain periods and contexts, they cannot be taken as unproblematically defining the world of thought in which poetry operated during the Tang dynasty. Instead, Tang writers more routinely drew in their discussions of art upon the epistemological tensions and discontinuities posited by medieval intellectual and religious traditions. For this reason, they often outlined models of poetry very different from those most common in contemporary criticism.
Dreams as Life and Life as Dreams in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century xiaoshuo Narratives
Authors: Lucas Aude
Published: December 2021

In the depiction and analysis of various transtextual sources and rewritings, this article discusses narratives of Chinese late imperial xiaoshuo that dealt with dreams perceived as equally important if not more valuable than waking life itself. The discourse of these dream stories aimed at underlining the significance of the value granted to dreams, and consequently how this perspective on dreams could affect one’s stance towards life itself. With an emphasis on the eighteenth century, examples comprise narratives from lesser-known collections, such as Xieduo 諧鐸 by Shen Qifeng (1740?–?), but the author also highlights earlier texts—Daoist classics, chuanqi 傳奇 of the Tang, and chuanqi of the Ming—which served as sources for these late imperial tales. Although the theme of life-long dreams is found across the centuries and literary genres, this article points to its various treatments, that differed according to time periods and authors’ personal concerns. It highlights a shift in “life-long dream” stories of the late imperial period towards a concern for private matters, depicted in a detached and/or light-hearted tone.
Legislation on Same-Sex Partnerships in the Post-Communist Area: Case Study of the Czech Republic
Authors: Sekerák Marián , Novotný Lukáš
Published: December 2021

In the Czech context, the issue of same-sex partnerships can be viewed as a “hot potato”. After long political debates, a law allowing civil unions was adopted in 2006. In the post-communist area, there has been a political struggle over the marriage. The Czech Constitutional Court recently published two key decisions that moved this debate forward. At the same time, two major legislative bills were tabled in the Chamber of Deputies: the first extending marriage to non-heterosexual couples, the second preserving the current status quo with regard to marriage. In the article, we explain these recent Czech legal events in the broader context of the perception of marriage in the post-communist area. We argue that if the Court decides in the future on the constitutionality of same-sex marriages, it should take into account the principles of human dignity and the best interest of the child.
Regulating without Regulation? Regulating without the Sovereign?
Authors: Grzeszczak Robert , Mazur Joanna
Published: December 2021

The development of automated decision-making technologies creates the threat of de-iuridification: replacement of the legal acts’ provisions with automated, technological solutions. The article examines how selected provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation concerning, among other things, data protection impact assessments, the right to not be subject to automated decision-making, information obligations and the right to access are applied in the Polish national legal order. We focus on the institutional and procedural solutions regarding the involvement of expert bodies and other stakeholders in the process of specification of the norms included in the gdpr and their enforcement. We argue that the example of Poland shows that the solutions adopted in the gdpr do not shift the balance concerning regulatory power in regard to automated decision-making to other stakeholders and as such do not favor of a more participative approach to the regulatory processes.
Shaping Presidential Powers in Hungary: Convention, Tradition and Informal Constitutional Amendments
Authors: Vincze Attila
Published: December 2021

There was no tradition of a republican president in Hungary before the fall of communism, and the transitory constitution of 1989 was unclear about the exact role the President should play in the constitutional system of Hungary. Some provisions even resembled those of presidential or semi-presidential systems; some ambiguities were clarified during the first two decades after the transition. Conventions, however, were established to some extent and sometimes very quickly. This period gave rise to guidelines as to how the powers of the President should be exercised. Some other powers were concretized and interpreted foremost by the Constitutional Court. These conventions and judicial interpretations formed the character of the Presidency to the extent of informal constitutional change. Some of these elements have even been incorporated into and formalized by the new Fundamental Law of Hungary. The present contribution will point out how the originally broad competencies of the President have been narrowed in the practice, and what role the Constitutional Court and political actors played in this process.
Understanding the Narratives of Pateros Mothers’ Resistance under the Philippine Drug War
Authors: Marcaida Marielle Y.
Published: December 2021

This article highlights the case of the Ronda ng Kababaihan, a women’s volunteer organization established to conduct night patrols in their neighborhood after witnessing drug-related killings in Pateros. Guided by the political motherhood framework, this study argues that the members use their traditional roles as mothers to legitimize their presence in the streets and the public sphere, and they practice mothering to maintain good relations with the community, police, and local authorities. Data are drawn from in-depth interviews with mothers and participant observation of nightly patrols of the organization. This study problematizes the debate between the essentialist and constructivist views on motherhood – in understanding motherhood in political terms either as an emotionally motivated and apolitical extension of the domestic duties or as an avenue for the reconstruction of gendered roles and collective identities.
Status of Implementation of the United Nations Trafficking in Persons Protocol 20 Years after the Palermo Convention
Authors: Sarrica Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

The fight against human trafficking is still one of the most important and demanding challenges for the United Nations. The international community has made significant progress in combating this criminal phenomenon. This has translated into an overall increase in the number of countries with a proper anti-trafficking legislation and an increase in the number of victims detected and traffickers convicted. Twenty years after the adoption of the Protocol, this paper aims to review the progress accomplished and assess future prospects.
The Obligations of Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Victims of Trafficking
Authors: Shrimpling Ruth , Blondé Annelies
Published: December 2021

The emphasis on the prevention of the crime and the protection and assistance to victims of crime in international and European anti-trafficking instruments is a prominent example of the human rights-based approach to human trafficking. However, there is room for further improvement. This article reflects on the needs of trafficking victims in light of theoretical and practical implications of relevant international and European instruments with the aim of defining future action.
The Fragmentation of Religious Authority in Provincial Towns in Indonesia: The Case of the mui (Indonesian Muslim Scholar Council) in Pekanbaru and Pontianak
Authors: Rosidi Imron , Yazid Yasril , Amril
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the fragmentation of religious authority in Pekanbaru and Pontianak, Indonesia, focusing on the local mui (Indonesian Muslim Scholar Council). Employing qualitative methods, the mui Pontianak and Pekanbaru experience similar religious authority fragmentation due to the human agency. Members of the mui Pontianak and Pekanbaru represent Islamic organisations in Indonesia’s fight for the religious authority of their Islamic organisations, not for the cohesion of religious authority in the mui. Because religious authority has the desired will, it is no wonder that outside the mui Pontianak and Pekanbaru many Muslim figures struggle to preserve it. Individuals challenge the religious authority of the mui Pontianak and Pekanbaru. Some of them are local Muslim preachers. They strengthen and preserve their religious authority by preaching Islam, thus contributing to the growth of the mui fragmentation in these two cities.
Historiographic Metafiction and the Metaphysical Detective in Roberto Bolaño’s Amulet
Authors: Tyers Rhys William
Published: December 2021

Roberto Bolaño’s Amulet explores the writing of history as an attempt to construct a narrative from a multitude of unreliable and conflicting sources. As a result, any attempt at historiography is also plagued by the problems of representation found in literature. More particularly, not unlike detective fiction, history is concerned with identifying the inspirations and actions of its players and with revealing the truth about an episode or series of episodes, using historical information, all of which may or may not be reliable. By examining the relationship between the historical and the fictional in Amulet this paper will discuss Bolaño’s use of the tropes of metaphysical detective fiction and how they help foreground the difficulties posed by historical facts by reinventing them in fiction. This will, in turn, highlight the intersection between detective fiction and historiographic metafiction and how by combining these two genres writers can reimagine historical contexts and find new meanings and significance.
The Bulletproof Glass Effect: Unintended Consequences of Privacy Notices
Authors: Brough Aaron R. , Norton David A. , Sciarappa Shannon L. , John Leslie K.
Published: December 2021

Drawing from a content analysis of publicly traded companies’ privacy notices, a survey of managers, a field study, and five online experiments, this research investigates how consumers respond to privacy notices. A privacy notice, by placing legally enforceable limits on a firm's data practices, communicating safeguards, and signaling transparency, might be expected to promote confidence that personal data will not be misused. Indeed, most managers expected a privacy notice to make customers feel more secure (Study 1). Yet, consistent with the analogy that bulletproof glass can increase feelings of vulnerability despite the protection offered, formal privacy notices undermined consumer trust and decreased purchase interest even when they emphasized objective protection (Studies 2, 3, and 5) or omitted any mention of potentially concerning data practices (Study 6). These unintended consequences did not occur, however, when consumers had an a priori reason to be distrustful (Study 4) or when benevolence cues were added to privacy notices (Studies 5 and 6). Finally, Study 7 showed that both the presence and conspicuous absence of privacy information are sufficient to trigger decreased purchase intent. Together, these results provide actionable guidance to managers on how to effectively convey privacy information (without hurting purchase interest).
Risk factors of loneliness across the life span
Authors: Hutten Elody , Jongen Ellen M. M. , Hajema KlaasJan , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Hamers Femke , Bos Arjan E. R.
Published: December 2021

Although loneliness is typically associated with adolescence and old age, research has revealed that it is prevalent across the life span. The present study contributes to the loneliness literature by investigating a broad range of risk factors in a Dutch sample ( N = 52,341) ranging from late adolescence to old age using a cross-sectional survey administered by the regional public health services in the province of Limburg in the Netherlands. Risk factors associated with higher levels of self-reported loneliness across the life span were being male, lower education levels, inadequacy of financial resources, mental health, informal caregiving that is experienced as burdensome, and limited social contact or network type. In addition, in early adulthood, having a non-western migration background and having a physical disability were associated with higher levels of loneliness, whereas living alone, having a non-western migration background, and not having a paid job were risk factors of loneliness in middle adulthood. In late adulthood, living alone and having a physical disability were associated with loneliness. The present study demonstrates that different stages of life are associated with different vulnerability factors of loneliness. Hence, the prevention of loneliness might require different interventions in different age groups.
The interactional ecology of homestay experiences: Locating input within participation and membership
Authors: Greer Tim , Wagner Johannes
Published: December 2021

Study abroad homestays are generally assumed to provide visitors with opportunities to learn language ‘in the wild’ by participating in the host family’s everyday life. Ultimately such participation is accomplished via individual episodes of interaction as the visitor is socialized into the family’s mundane routines and rituals. Building on research into second language interaction in the lifeworlds of learners beyond the classroom, this study considers (1) how interactants in one homestay context draw on a range of ecologically available resources to co-accomplish participation and membership, and (2) how such participation affords the guest with an expanding repertoire of resources, including linguistic elements and new participatory practices. The study uses multimodal conversation analysis (CA) to discuss two extended extracts from naturally occurring interaction collected between a novice L2 English speaker and his homestay family. The analysis suggests that language learning is more complex than the mere provision of linguistic input: new lexical items and practices emerge within the interactants’ respective lifeworlds in relation to locally situated contingencies, and can be occasioned and explained via recourse to a range of material and embodied affordances beyond just language. Input, therefore, is sequentially and ecologically located in the broader business of an ongoing collective sociality and primarily serves the two key interactional imperatives of progressivity and intersubjectivity.
Successful treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis by balloon venoplasty: a case report
Authors: Chen Wei , Gu Wen-Jing , Shi Ming-Chao , Kong De-Rui , Zhao Ke-Xin , Zhou Hong-Wei
Published: December 2021

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a special cerebrovascular disease affecting young adult and middle-aged people. The clinical manifestations of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are diverse and nonspecific; thus, imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis. Anticoagulation with heparin is the preferred treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Endovascular treatment is also being increasingly used to achieve recanalization of the cerebral venous sinus. We herein describe a woman in her early 50s who was diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis for which anticoagulation with heparin was ineffective. To improve her symptoms and prognosis, we selected balloon venoplasty to treat the right sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Her condition subsequently improved, and no recurrence was observed after several follow-ups.
Assessment Method for Dynamic Impact of Large Passenger Flow on Urban Rail Transit Network: A Case Study on Chengdu East Railway Station
Authors: Xu Ruihua , Song Xuyang , Wang Fangsheng , Zhou Feng
Published: December 2021

Large-scale activities, holidays, and emergencies often cause a significantly large burst of passenger flow demand in some urban rail transit (URT) stations in a short time, called large passenger flow (LPF). The LPF will propagate through the entire URT network of the city. The impact of the frequent occurrence of LPF on network service levels is crucial and unpredictable. This article describes an analysis of how this LPF propagates through the entire network inspired by how radionuclide imaging is done in clinical medicine. In this study, with LPF of URT as the research object, a propagation model of LPF in URT based on AFC data, train operation data, and URT network topology data was developed, which was inspired by the concept of radionuclide imaging in clinical medicine. In the condition of obtaining the list of passenger route selection ratios, the dynamic propagation state matrix of the LPF in the network is solved. The contribution value matrix of the LPF was proposed to evaluate the impact of the LPF on the URT network. Considering the LPF in Chengdu East Railway Station, China, as an example, the propagation effect of LPF in the Chengdu Metro network was analyzed, and the effectiveness of the proposed model was confirmed.
Electroacupuncture improves metabolic and ovarian function in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by decreasing white adipose tissue, increasing brown adipose tissue, and modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Ma Tong , Tong Xiaoyu , Liu Yanjun , Cui Peng , Xu Xiaoqing , Shi Jiemei , Hu Wei , Lu Wenhan , Pei Zhenle , Xu Minzhen , Li Xin , Xu Congjian , Feng Yi
Published: December 2021

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8%–15% of reproductive-age women and is associated with reproductive disorders, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Acupuncture, as a traditional physical therapy method, could affect various metabolic disorders such as obesity, hyperplasia, gout, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical practice. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to decrease body weight in rats with PCOS; however, the mechanism of weight loss and the relationship between adipose tissue and gut microbiota remain unclear.

Objective:

To explore the effect and mechanism of EA on white and brown adipose tissues and gut microbiota, and its follow-up effect on reproductive function, in a rat model of PCOS.

Methods:

Daily EA treatment was administered at ST29 and SP6 in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS-like rat model (PCOS + EA group). Effects of EA on in vivo and in vitro adipose volume and weight, organ weight coefficients, body weight, hormonal profiles, and estrous cyclicity were measured, and compared with untreated PCOS model rats (PCOS group) and healthy rats (control group). Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples to analyze group abundance and diversity.

Results:

EA improved estrous cyclicity, decreased body weight, decreased visceral and subcutaneous fat content, and increased brown adipose tissue weight. EA also normalized serum DHT and progesterone levels and improved glucose tolerance. There were few significant differences in the composition or diversity of the gut microbiota between control, PCOS, and PCOS + EA groups, except for the relative abundances of Tenericutes at the phylum level and Prevotella_9 at the genus level, which were significantly different in the PCOS group before and after EA treatment. Both are important microflora, strongly related to body weight.

Conclusion:

EA regulated the metabolic disorders and improved reproductive function in this PCOS-like rat model by adjusting visceral fat and brown fat, as well as intestinal flora.
Ear acupuncture as an adjunct in a treatment protocol for anorexia nervosa: utilization rate and nurses’ experience
Authors: Landgren Kajsa
Published: December 2021

Background:

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening illness. Sometimes long inpatient treatment is necessary, increasing the anxiety that comes with hospitalization and the necessary weight gain. Safe, non-pharmacological adjunctive therapies that improve subjective health are called for.

Objective:

The aim of this non-randomized, mixed-methods observational study was to describe the utilization rate and nurses’ experiences of ear acupuncture in a highly specialized clinic for eating disorders in Sweden, in which acupuncture had been implemented as part of routine clinical care. Twenty-five patients with AN-treated voluntarily or by law were included. The semi-standardized National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) ear acupuncture protocol, sometimes combined with needling at 2 traditional acupuncture point locations on the body, had been implemented as a voluntary adjunct to usual care, twice weekly. To evaluate the acceptance of acupuncture, the study examined how often patients chose acupuncture when offered on schedule, and how often they asked for extra acupuncture sessions. Patients rated their subjective health using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and visual analogue scale (VAS), treatment satisfaction with usual care and acupuncture, and health-related quality of life with the RAND36 instrument. A credibility/expectancy questionnaire (CEQ) was used to measure confidence in treatment. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated to follow the patients’ recovery. Nurses’ experiences of giving acupuncture as a part of routine care were captured in interviews, and analysed with content analysis. Ethical approval was obtained.

Results:

Despite an initially moderate level of trust in acupuncture, the utilization rate of the scheduled acupuncture was 89% and patients asked for extra acupuncture sessions on 28 occasions. No serious side effects were reported. Nurses’ experiences of providing acupuncture were positive. They were generally enthusiastic, although they reported finding it difficult to organize group treatments and to find time for acupuncture sessions if they were not scheduled.

Conclusion:

Further research into the effectiveness and costs of acupuncture in psychiatric care is needed. This study provides relevant information for clinicians as well as researchers planning future randomized controlled trials.
Moral Injury in Social Work: Responses, Prevention, and Advocacy
Authors: Reamer Frederic G.
Published: December 2021

Throughout social work’s history, some practitioners and their employing organizations have caused harm. This article explores the concept of moral injury and its relevance to the social work profession. The author explores essential components of a meaningful response to moral injury in social work that simultaneously acknowledges the impact of moral injury on individual victims and addresses the need for structural reform. The author discusses the nature and causes of moral injury, prevention strategies (including the need for practitioner self-care and organizational and community advocacy), the role of apology, restorative justice, and moral courage.
Book Review: V. Cuzzocrea, B. G. Bello, & Y. Kazepov (eds.) (2020). Italian Youth in International Context: Belonging, Constraints and Opportunities
Authors: Segate Riccardo Vecellio
Published: December 2021

V. Cuzzocrea, B. G. Bello, & Y. Kazepov (eds.) (2020). Italian Youth in International Context: Belonging, Constraints and Opportunities. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. xiii + 244 pp., £120 (hardback). ISBN: 978-1-138-48857-1.
Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) graft creation in upper extremities abandoned due to stent obstruction via recanalization and HeRO outflow component insertion across stent interstices
Authors: Cline Brendan C , Zuchowski Adam , Gage Shawn M , Martin Jonathan G , Ronald James , Southerland Kevin W , Lawson Jeffrey H , Dillavou Ellen D , Kim Charles Y
Published: December 2021

Background:

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and outcomes of recanalization and subsequent HeRO graft outflow component insertion across stent interstices in patients with an otherwise abandoned upper extremity.

Methods:

Over a 10-year period, 15 patients underwent central venous recanalization by interventional radiology across the interstices of one or more occluded stents for the purpose of subsequent HeRO graft creation. A tunneled central venous catheter was left across the stent and occlusions with tip in right atrium. On a later date, the catheter was used for rapid guidewire access for HeRO graft implantation in the OR by vascular surgery. Procedural and clinical outcomes were determined by retrospective review. Primary and secondary HeRO graft patency rates were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier technique.

Results:

The technical success rates of recanalization across stent interstices was 100% (15/15). Between one and four overlapping stent walls were traversed. The technical success of the patients who underwent attempted HeRO graft implantation with outflow component traversing across stent interstices was 91% (11/12). No major complications were encountered with either recanalization or HeRO graft implantation. The primary and secondary HeRO patency rates at 12 months were 64% and 80%, respectively.

Conclusion:

HeRO graft insertion across stent interstices is feasible and can provide effective permanent AV access; thus, the presence of stents across the subclavian and brachiocephalic veins should not be considered a contraindication.
Investigation of sound transmission loss of natural fiber/rubber crumbs composite panels
Authors: El Messiry Magdi , Ayman Yasmin
Published: December 2021

Natural fibers and their waste are widely used all over the world, and their production has been increasing continuously. But, the rubber crumbs from used tire disposal are nonbiodegradable and present significant problems about their end-of-life given a critical environmental impact. These problems require recycling policies to provide the collection and recycling of used clothing, textile wastes, and rubber crumbs. In this work, the acoustic properties of insulator panels from the combination of textile fibers and rubber crumbs material were analyzed. Insulator panels demonstrated a good sound transmission loss (STL) characteristic, especially at high frequencies. The STL of the manufactured panels from a combination of fiber (cotton, wool, and Kapok) and rubber crumbs was investigated at the different sound frequencies. Results indicated that the fiber/rubber crumbs panel had a significant STL profile of 47 dB, 40 dB, and 35 dB, for Kapok, wool, and cotton, respectively. The addition of polylactic acid meltblown nonwoven fabric on the surface of the rubber crumbs side considerably increases the STL by 20%.