bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calmodulin Mutations Associated With Recurrent Cardiac Arrest in Infants
Authors: Crotti Lia , Johnson Christopher N. , Graf Elisabeth , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Cuneo Bettina F. , Ovadia Marc , Papagiannis John , Feldkamp Michael D. , Rathi Subodh G. , Kunic Jennifer D. , Pedrazzini Matteo , Wieland Thomas , Lichtner Peter , Beckmann Britt-Maria , Clark Travis , Shaffer Christian , Benson D. Woodrow , Kääb Stefan , Meitinger Thomas , Strom Tim M. , Chazin Walter J. , Schwartz Peter J. , George Alfred L.
Published: February 2013

Background—

Life-threatening disorders of heart rhythm may arise during infancy and can result in the sudden and tragic death of a child. We performed exome sequencing on 2 unrelated infants presenting with recurrent cardiac arrest to discover a genetic cause.

Methods and Results—

We ascertained 2 unrelated infants (probands) with recurrent cardiac arrest and dramatically prolonged QTc interval who were both born to healthy parents. The 2 parent-child trios were investigated with the use of exome sequencing to search for de novo genetic variants. We then performed follow-up candidate gene screening on an independent cohort of 82 subjects with congenital long-QT syndrome without an identified genetic cause. Biochemical studies were performed to determine the functional consequences of mutations discovered in 2 genes encoding calmodulin. We discovered 3 heterozygous de novo mutations in either
CALM1
or
CALM2
, 2 of the 3 human genes encoding calmodulin, in the 2 probands and in 2 additional subjects with recurrent cardiac arrest. All mutation carriers were infants who exhibited life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias combined variably with epilepsy and delayed neurodevelopment. Mutations altered residues in or adjacent to critical calcium binding loops in the calmodulin carboxyl-terminal domain. Recombinant mutant calmodulins exhibited several-fold reductions in calcium binding affinity.

Conclusions—

Human calmodulin mutations disrupt calcium ion binding to the protein and are associated with a life-threatening condition in early infancy. Defects in calmodulin function will disrupt important calcium signaling events in heart, affecting membrane ion channels, a plausible molecular mechanism for potentially deadly disturbances in heart rhythm during infancy.
The Goff Lecture 2011 The case for better, and better-armed arbitrators
Authors: Werner Jacques
Published: February 2013

This is the text of a lecture where are reviewed the 4 phases of international commercial arbitration, the challenges the new proteiform arbitrators have to meet, as well as the dangers they have to face. Emphasis is put on the need for arbitrators to be better schooled in economics and have as well business experience.
Taxonomy of the subgenus Euleptarthrus Jakobson (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osoriinae, Priochirus) of China with descriptions of three new species
Authors: WU JIE , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: February 2013

Three new species of subgenus Euleptarthrus Jakobson, 1908 of the genus Priochirus Sharp, 1887 are described from China: P. (E.) trifurcus Wu & Zhou sp. nov. from Xizang, P. (E.) deltodontus Wu & Zhou sp. nov. from Yunnan and P. (E.) curtidentatus Wu & Zhou sp. nov. from Xizang and Yunnan. Diagnoses are also given for two species previously described from China, P. (E.) chinensis Bernhauer, 1933 and P. (E.) subbrevicornis Bernhauer, 1934. An updated version of the key to all Chinese species of the subgenus Euleptarthrus is provided. Important morphological characters are illus-trated.
Different Mid-Term Prognostic Predictors of Major Adverse Events in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Peripheral Artery Disease Presenting With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Liang Kae-Woei , Kuo Hsun-Nan , Lee Wen-Lieng , Liu Tsun-Jui , Lin Wei-Wen , Tsao Chen-Rong , Ting Chih-Tai , Wang Kuo-Yang
Published: February 2013

We compared midterm prognostic predictors of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting with critical lower limb ischemia (CLI). A total of 172 patients with PAD (109 DM; 63 non-DM) were enrolled. The major adverse events (MAEs) were death or amputation. The diabetic group had a higher MAE rate (39% vs 22%, P = .042) with a mean follow-up duration of 30 ± 19 months. In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, revascularization (odds ratio = 0.289, P = .006) and higher serum cholesterol (odds ratio=0.988, P = .027) predicted a lower MAE rate in the DM group. In contrast, the presence of severe chronic kidney disease (stage 4 or 5, odds ratio = 5.238, P = .025) was a positive predictor of MAEs in the nondiabetic group. In conclusion, the prognostic predictors of MAE in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with PAD and CLI were different.
At home? Discoursing on the Commonwealth at the 1965 Commonwealth Arts Festival
Authors: Low Gail
Published: February 2013

The Commonwealth Arts Festival was staged in Britain in 1965. With the working title of “The Commonwealth At Home”, the Festival was designed, ostensibly, to bring together far flung lands, connected by the legacy of empire, to establish goodwill through culture and the arts. This paper explores the cultural work to which the 1965 Festival was put by advocates and detractors. Looking at archival sources from proposed plans for the London events, committee minutes, festival programmes, and letters, to the staging of the “Verse and Voice” festival of Commonwealth Poetry at the Royal Court Theatre in London, the paper fleshes out some of the rationales and motivations for the event, examines tropes and metaphors used, and also situates the events within the context of recently passed British anti-immigration laws. The paper argues that who the Commonwealth was for — its locus and its meaning — can be excavated from the geo-political tropic deployment of space in its discoursing. In particular, the depiction of what was imagined as being at home and what was represented as distant lands tells revealing stories of disavowal for an empire (and a colonial legacy) that occurred somewhere else and to someone else; in this manner, Britain’s “fit of absence of mind” also became a way of disposing of unwanted histories.
Where Do Home Buyers Pay Most for Relative Transit Accessibility? Hong Kong, Taipei and Kaohsiung Compared
Authors: Shyr Oliver , Andersson David Emanuel , Wang Jamie , Huang Taiwei , Liu Olivia
Published: February 2013

The three cities of Hong Kong, Taipei and Kaohsiung all feature state-of-the-art transit systems, but transit commuting rates are markedly different, ranging from less than 10 per cent in Kaohsiung to about 90 per cent in Hong Kong. This paper looks at the effect of transit station accessibility on housing prices in these three cities, which are all located on the south-eastern edge of the Greater China region. The key finding is that accessibility impacts stand in an inverse relationship to the size and popularity of the transit system. The results illustrate how intraregional variability in overall transit accessibility declines with increases in the spatial coverage of transit systems. The price premium for housing near transit stations is therefore greatest in Kaohsiung and smallest in Hong Kong, with Taipei exhibiting intermediate levels. Conversely, average land values are highest in Hong Kong and lowest in Kaohsiung.
Class, Students and Place: Encountering Locality in a Post-industrial Landscape
Authors: Wattis Louise
Published: February 2013

Drawing upon qualitative interviews with women students, this article explores the meaning of ‘class’ and ‘studenthood’ at a ‘new’ university in a large post-industrial town in the north of England. Classed experiences were evident in the way interviewees interpreted the locale predominantly in terms of its ‘working-classness’ and the social problems associated with deindustrialisation. Findings support the accepted notion of a distinct student identity and perceived divides between students and local people based on spatiality, locality, class and student habitus, which also intersected with gender to produce ‘locally specific’ experiences of space and safety within this setting. However, the article confounds the middle-class student and working-class local dichotomy by exploring accounts from a varied sample of women in terms of age, class, ethnicity and domestic background, which reveal alternative university experiences and shifting class relations as a result of deindustrialisation.
‘Do You Think I’m Stupid?’: Urban Encounters between People with and without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wiesel Ilan , Bigby Christine , Carling-Jenkins Rachel
Published: February 2013

Being amongst strangers is a definitive aspect of life in the modern city. To understand social inclusion in cities, it is necessary to consider not only the strength and extent of social networks of familiarity, but also the role of interactions with strangers in the public realm. People with intellectual disability are considered one of the most marginalised groups in society and the study applies the concept of encounter to offer a new perspective on their inclusion/exclusion, informed by contemporary urban theory rather than more nostalgic notions of community. The paper discusses encounters between people with and without intellectual disability in one suburb in Melbourne, Australia. The study is based, primarily, on field observations in a variety of settings in the public realm. Through analysis of these data, a typology of urban encounters is proposed that involves people with and without intellectual disability.
Predicting Recidivism for Released State Prison Offenders
Authors: Stahler Gerald J. , Mennis Jeremy , Belenko Steven , Welsh Wayne N. , Hiller Matthew L. , Zajac Gary
Published: February 2013

We examined the influence of individual and neighborhood characteristics and spatial contagion in predicting reincarceration on a sample of 5,354 released Pennsylvania state prisoners. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, offense type, drug involvement, various neighborhood variables (e.g., concentrated disadvantage, residential mobility), and spatial contagion (i.e., proximity to others who become reincarcerated). Using geographic information systems (GIS) and logistic regression modeling, our results showed that the likelihood of reincarceration was increased with male gender, drug involvement, offense type, and living in areas with high rates of recidivism. Older offenders and those convicted of violent or drug offenses were less likely to be reincarcerated. For violent offenders, drug involvement, age, and spatial contagion were particular risk factors for reincarceration. None of the neighborhood environment variables were associated with increased risk of reincarceration. Reentry programs need to particularly address substance abuse issues of ex-offenders as well as take into consideration their residential locations.
Nanotechnology: Toxicologic Pathology
Authors: Hubbs Ann F. , Sargent Linda M. , Porter Dale W. , Sager Tina M. , Chen Bean T. , Frazer David G. , Castranova Vincent , Sriram Krishnan , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. , Reynolds Steven H. , Battelli Lori A. , Schwegler-Berry Diane , McKinney Walter , Fluharty Kara L. , Mercer Robert R.
Published: February 2013

Nanotechnology involves technology, science, and engineering in dimensions less than 100 nm. A virtually infinite number of potential nanoscale products can be produced from many different molecules and their combinations. The exponentially increasing number of nanoscale products will solve critical needs in engineering, science, and medicine. However, the virtually infinite number of potential nanotechnology products is a challenge for toxicologic pathologists. Because of their size, nanoparticulates can have therapeutic and toxic effects distinct from micron-sized particulates of the same composition. In the nanoscale, distinct intercellular and intracellular translocation pathways may provide a different distribution than that obtained by micron-sized particulates. Nanoparticulates interact with subcellular structures including microtubules, actin filaments, centrosomes, and chromatin; interactions that may be facilitated in the nanoscale. Features that distinguish nanoparticulates from fine particulates include increased surface area per unit mass and quantum effects. In addition, some nanotechnology products, including the fullerenes, have a novel and reactive surface. Augmented microscopic procedures including enhanced dark-field imaging, immunofluorescence, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy are useful when evaluating nanoparticulate toxicologic pathology. Thus, the pathology assessment is facilitated by understanding the unique features at the nanoscale and the tools that can assist in evaluating nanotoxicology studies.
When Is a Market Not a Market?: ‘Exemption’, ‘Externality’ and ‘Exception’ in the Case of European State Aid Rules
Authors: Davies William
Published: February 2013

The reach of markets and market-based forms of valuation is never unlimited in any society, which invites empirical and political questions regarding how limits to markets are instituted, justified and enforced. Under neoliberalism, the state performs a key role in expanding the reach of markets and associated principles and techniques of valuation, using law and governmental techniques. But this then poses a question of the relationship between the neoliberal state and the market that it endorses and enforces: is the state internal or external to the market order that it helps to construct? European Union state aid rules provide an empirical entry point to consider such questions, providing a combination of normative, technical and sovereign principles, via which the division between state and market can be justified, tested and enacted. The article identifies three separate though overlapping logics within state aid documents, each of which offers the state a justification for suspending the competitive market order: exemptions, in which non-market values are upheld, externalities, in which markets are shown to be technically inefficient, and exceptions – such as the 2008 financial crisis – in which the state abandons the market to save the market.
A Marketing Systems View of the US Housing Crisis
Authors: Redmond William
Published: February 2013

The US housing market involves a network of specialized actors servicing the buying and selling of homes. In the years leading to the housing bubble, this network underwent a significant evolution in response to environmental changes. Prior to the bubble, traditional actors such as local banks, savings and loans, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac predominated. During the bubble, new actors such as mortgage brokers, investment banks, and institutional investors came to displace the traditional ones. Attention is drawn to the activities of new players in the housing market, to the changed roles of traditional players, and to inactivity among regulators. This article presents an overview of system dynamics in terms of the market actors involved and their interrelationships, which culminated in the bursting of the housing bubble. Although many features of this case are unique, some general lessons for marketing systems can be drawn. Marketing systems can come to be dominated by actors formerly in supporting roles; new system structures can fail to serve customers well; and unfounded assumptions can cloud business and policy decisions.
Recipient IL-6-572C/G genotype is associated with reduced incidence of acute rejection following liver transplantation
Authors: Yao Jia , Feng Xiao-Wen , Yu Xiao-Bo , Xie Hai-Yang , Zhu Li-Xian , Yang Zhe , Wei Ba-Jin , Zheng Shu-Sen , Zhou Lin
Published: February 2013

Objective

Acute rejection resulting from alloimmune responses is a major risk factor affecting patient survival following liver transplantation. Since interleukin (IL)-6 can mediate acute rejection, the association between IL-6 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and incidence of acute rejection in liver transplant recipients was investigated.

Methods

Patients who received liver transplant between January 2005 and December 2010 were typed for IL6-572C/G (rs1800796) polymorphisms using the snapshot technique. Association between genotype and acute rejection was analysed using the SNP Statistics website: http://bioinfo.iconcologia.net/snpstats/start.htm . Allelic and genotypic distributions for rs1800796 were compared among 335 patients with or without acute rejection within the first 6 months following liver transplant.

Results

Incidence of acute rejection was 11.94%. A heterozygous CG genotype for IL6-572C/G was associated with a lower acute rejection rate compared with homozygous CC or GG genotypes.

Conclusion

IL6-572 CG genotype may be related to protection from acute rejection following liver transplant in Han Chinese patients.
The Biomechanical Effects of 1.0 to 1.2 Mrad of Gamma Irradiation on Human Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Allografts
Authors: Yanke Adam B. , Bell Rebecca , Lee Andrew , Kang Richard W. , Mather Richard C. , Shewman Elizabeth F. , Wang Vincent M. , Bach Bernard R.
Published: February 2013

Background:

Recent data suggest that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with irradiated allograft tissue may lead to increased failure rates.

Hypothesis:

Low-dose (1.0-1.2 Mrad) gamma irradiation does not significantly alter the preimplantation biomechanical properties of bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) allografts.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Cyclic and failure mechanical properties were evaluated for 20 paired central-third human BTB allografts, with and without 1.0 to 1.2 Mrad of gamma irradiation. Testing included cyclic loading at 0.5 Hz for 100 cycles from 50 to 200 N and failure testing at a strain rate of 10% per second.

Results:

Cyclic elongation did not change significantly ( P = .151) with irradiation, increasing from a mean ± SD of 9.4 ± 2.1 mm to 11.3 ± 3.4 mm. Cyclic creep strain approached a significant increase with irradiation (1.3% ± 0.8% to 2.6% ± 1.5%; P = .076). Failure testing was not affected with irradiation with regard to maximum load (1680 ± 417 mm to 1494 ± 435 mm), maximum stress (40.8 ± 10.6 MPa to 37.5 ± 15.7 MPa), elongation (7.85 ± 1.35 mm to 8.67 ± 2.05 mm), or strain at maximum stress (0.158 ± 0.03 to 0.175 ± 0.03). Graft stiffness significantly decreased by 20% with irradiation (278 ± 67 N/mm to 221 ± 50 N/mm; P = .035).

Conclusion:

Low-dose (1.0-1.2 Mrad) gamma irradiation decreases BTB graft stiffness by 20%, but it does not affect other failure or cyclic parameters.

Clinical Relevance:

Aside from graft stiffness during load to failure testing, low-dose (1.0-1.2 Mrad) gamma irradiation of central-third human BTB allografts is not deleterious to preimplantation biomechanical properties.
Mid-hindbrain Malformations Due to Drugs Taken During Pregnancy
Authors: Merlini Laura , Fluss Joël , Dhouib Amira , Vargas Maria I. , Becker Minerva
Published: February 2013

Although genetic defects are the leading cause of central nervous system malformations including in the posterior fossa, specific malformative patterns should alert the clinician to consider rather a teratogenic etiology. We discuss the imaging features of 2 mid-hindbrain malformations consecutive to the intake of isotretinoin (Roaccuatane®; case 1) and misoprostol (Cytotec®; case 2) during pregnancy and review the pertinent literature. We correlate the morphological appearance of the mid-hindbrain malformation, as seen on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to possible drug-induced pathogenetical mechanisms. The recognition of characteristic imaging patterns enables diagnosis of and/or confirmation of suspected drug-induced hindbrain malformations. This has important medicolegal implications and also clinical significance to avoid unsuccessful and misleading genetic testing.
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recipients
Authors: Travi Giovanna , Pergam Steven A.
Published: February 2013

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a frequently encountered infection following hematopoietic cell transplantation, and tissue invasive pneumonia is a dreaded complication of the virus in this population. In this review of CMV pneumonia, we address epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, current therapy, and strategies to prevent the development of CMV. We also review emerging treatment and prevention options for this challenging disease.
Electrical application of polyamide reinforced with old tire rubber (ground tire rubber)
Authors: Mujal-Rosas R , Orrit-Prat J , Ramis-Juan X , Marin-Genesca M
Published: February 2013

Mass production of tires and their subsequent storage after use is a serious environmental problem that is tried to be solved in various ways. One of these ways is the mixture of these old used tires (ground tire rubber (GTR)) with various thermoplastic and thermostable polymers. These blends are made by modifying the pretreatment the GTR is subjected to, the degree of devulcanization, the mixing or pressing conditions, etc. Later the mixtures are analyzed structurally and mechanically, looking for possible industrial applications for them. The present work aims to obtain materials suitable for the electric industry from the mixture of polyamide with old used tires (GTR), starting from the requirement of minimum recycling costs, that is using vulcanized GTR without any prior treatment but acting on the particle sizes with a simple and inexpensive screening. A novelty of this study is the large number of compounds analyzed, and the deep analysis these have been submitted to dielectric, mechanical, thermal and microstructure analyses to get a large number of variables in each test. Compounds were categorized as the three GTR particle sizes ( p < 200 μm, 200 <  p < 500 μm and p > 500 μm) and seven concentrations of GTR (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50% and 70%), resulting in a total of 21 new compounds. In addition, in order to have the dielectric tests as much exhaustive as possible and to show the behavior of the compound under widely changing conditions, a wide range of temperatures (30–120°C) and frequencies (1 × 10−2 Hz to 3 × 106 Hz) were taken into consideration. All these data have provided an accurate characterization of the properties of the new compounds, and according to these results, possible electrical applications have been explored, with the requirement that they must comply with official regulations.
Physical and mechanical characterization of self-reinforced wood–polymer composite produced by solid-state extrusion
Authors: Cai Jianchen , Jia Mingyin , Xue Ping , Ding Yun , Jin Xiaoming
Published: February 2013

In this study, highly oriented self-reinforced wood–polymer composite (WPC) rods were produced by stable and continuous solid-state extrusion through a conical die. Polypropylene, softwood flour and inorganic filler were used at 50%, 40% and 10% weight concentration, respectively. The properties and morphology of the samples were studied by differential scanning calorimetry analyses, scanning electron microscopy observation and mechanics performance testing. Compared to a conventional extruded rod, the self-reinforced WPC rod profile exhibited a fibrillar structure largely parallel to the direction of extrusion, which contributed to the significantly high strength and modulus of the product as well as improved thermal properties and good dimensional stability. With the increase in draw ratio, the melting peak moved to high temperature, modulus (from 2200 to 5800 MPa) and strength (from 20.7 to 81.6 MPa) were greatly increased.
Hole diameter effects on fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite discs possessing distinct fiber arrays under thermal loading
Authors: Ucsular Ibrahim , Zor Mehmet , Sayman Onur
Published: February 2013

This study explores the thermomechanical behavior of steel fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene matrix thermoplastic composite (TPC) discs possessing distinct fiber arrays and the influence of circular hole diameter, upon exposure to convective air cooling loading. The discs were manufactured and their thermomechanical properties were assessed. Models of the discs for different D/ W ratios (where D is the circular hole diameter and W is the disc width) were constructed and analyzed. Two parameters, the circular-hole diameter and the fiber array configuration, were varied. Thermal stresses generated during the cooling of each disc were then determined. Residual thermal stress and equivalent plastic strain for each respective D/ W ratio were presented in graphical form, enabling evaluation and comparison. A parametric study was conducted to identify the influence of both circular hole diameter and distinct fiber reinforcement upon residual thermal stress and plastic deformation for steel fiber/TPC discs subjected to thermal loading.
An experimental approach for blankholder force determination for DP600 with different material flow strain rates in the flange during stamping
Authors: Chemin Filho Ravilson Antonio , Valente Tigrinho Luiz Mauricio , Barreto Neto Rosalvo C , Marcondes Paulo Victor P
Published: February 2013

Manufacturing efficiency is directly related to the parameters of the process and the material used. In sheet metal industry, the manufacturing process often results in changes in design of the tool to safely stamp the product. These changes in design could occur due to use of a new material with better formability, adjustments to the design of tools and/or the process parameter variation. In order to avoid the trial-and-error procedure, forming limit curve is an effective method for this assessment and is widely used by several authors in recent publications, that is, the use of forming limit curve could be useful to decrease the trial-and-error procedures and tool-developing expenses. Despite being widely used in the industry, a process parameter that has been barely researched is the influence of blankholder force on the drawability of advanced high-strength steels, which contains multiple phases on microstructural level. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of the blankholder force on the formability of DP600 steel. Blankholder forces of 130, 80 and 58 tons were considered. The experimental results led to a detailed understanding of the blankholder force influence during the process. The blankholder force variation promoted different material flow strain rates in the flange during the stamping—higher strain rate increased the bending effect on the die radius. As a result, an experimental approach that allows the blankholder force determination as a function of the different strain rates of the flange flow of the stamped sample was proposed.
Numerical study of the effect of double cold expansion of rivet hole on the residual stresses distribution
Authors: Elajrami Mohamed , Miloud Ramzi , Melouki Hocine , Boukhoulda Farouk B
Published: February 2013

The hardening of rivet hole is a mechanical process used to reduce the level of the resulting stresses due to loading in order to delay the crack initiation and propagation. This technique is used to improve fatigue life and to increase the intervals between structural inspections. The experimental tests have shown that the low residual stresses resulting from cold expansion and the first fatigue cracks are located at the entrance face used for hardening. To solve this problem, a double cold expansion of rivet hole in the opposite direction is proposed. This article presents the results of three-dimensional finite element simulation of double cold expansion process in the opposite direction using Abaqus software. The residual stress distribution in rivet hole of aluminum alloy Al2024-T3 induced by tapered pin was analyzed. The obtained results show that the residual stresses vary through the material depth, are maximal in mid-depth and are strong at the exit face and moderate at the entrance face. They also show that the double cold expansion in the opposite direction increases the residual stresses at the entrance face of the pin, and these stresses reached the values of those generated on the exit face, enhancing the fatigue life.
A 2300 yr record of sago and rice use from the southern Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Jones SE , Hunt C , Reimer PJ
Published: February 2013

Rice and sago are today important staples for many subsistence farmers and nomadic hunter-gatherers living in interior Borneo, but the cultural antiquity of these staples remains poorly understood. This study examines a 2300 yr sedimentary record from a palaeochannel near the village of Pa’Dalih in the southern Kelabit Highlands. Pollen and phytolith evidence indicate significant use of the sago palm Eugeissona near the channel during this period. Oryza phytoliths likely belonging to domesticated rice varieties are also recorded, although rice may have been used to a lesser extent than the sago palms. A rise in cultural activity takes place between c. 1715 and 1600 cal. BP, shown by increased frequency of fires.
Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Lakes Keilambete and Gnotuk, southwestern Victoria, Australia
Authors: Wilkins Daniel , Gouramanis Chris , De Deckker Patrick , Fifield L Keith , Olley Jon
Published: February 2013

Reconstructed Holocene lake-level curves from two saline, hydrologically closed maar crater lakes in southwestern Victoria, Australia, show near synchronous lake-level changes throughout the Holocene. We show that lake levels, reconstructed from sediment particle size and ostracod valve chemistry (δ18O and Sr/Ca) have undergone rapid (<100 yr), large (>10 m) fluctuations throughout the Holocene. Finer sampling resolution shows a more sensitive response to Holocene climate than was previously presented for Lake Keilambete. Both maar crater lakes show a short-lived maximum in Holocene lake levels around 7.2 ka. The period of lake filling leading to peak lake levels matches the phase of most effective precipitation (7.4–7.0 ka) reconstructed from a high-resolution speleothem record from northern Tasmania. Water levels declined in both lakes during the mid Holocene, with a more substantive decline after ~5 ka which coincides with the end of the Southern Hemisphere hypsithermal. Water levels continued to oscillate with a periodicity of around 300–700 years, before reaching a late-Holocene nadir around 1.8 ka (Keilambete) and 1.3 ka (Gnotuk). The trend and periodicity of oscillations in the maar water levels show commonalities to δD in the Dome C ice core, and suggest that temperature may be a significant component in influencing the Precipitation/Evaporation (P/E) ratio in southeastern Australia during the Holocene.
Phytolith evidence of mid-Holocene Capsian subsistence economies in North Africa
Authors: Shipp Julie , Rosen Arlene , Lubell David
Published: February 2013

Climatic fluctuations that occurred in North Africa during the early and middle Holocene had a profound impact on the environment of the region and would have required human populations in the area to adapt their subsistence and economic strategies in equally significant ways. Capsian groups, located in eastern Algeria and southern Tunisia from approximately 10,000 to 6000 cal. BP, were among the last North African foragers at a time when other groups were abandoning food collection to engage in food production in the form of pastoralism. Capsian foragers relied heavily on land snails, but we have little information on their use of plant resources, which can be an important indicator of economic adaptation to environmental change. In this study we use phytolith analyses at the Capsian site of Aïn Misteheyia in eastern Algeria to track the changes in subsistence strategies throughout much of the middle-Holocene climatic transitions. Our results show that Capsian foragers exploited plants such as sedges and small-seeded grasses from wetland microenvironments within their home ranges which allowed them to demonstrate robust and resilient resource procurement strategies, and maintain a foraging lifestyle resistant to major fluctuations in climate.
“I’d Say it’s Kind of Unique in a Way”
Authors: Bennett Rebecca J. , Volet Simone E. , Fozdar Farida E.
Published: February 2013

This article tracks the emergence, maintenance, and evolution of a positive intercultural relationship between a multilingual international student from Vietnam and a monolingual local Australian student in their first year at university. The literature overwhelmingly suggests that in institutions where English is the language of instruction, monolingual local students rarely mix with international students who are not fully proficient in English. This dyad thus provided fertile ground for exploring the development of an unusual intercultural student relationship. Narrative analysis explores the extent to which individual agency and the institutional environment coshaped this relationship over time and in various contexts. In the context of the internationalization of the tertiary education sphere, this study offers a prototypical case highlighting affordances and constraints that may influence the development of productive and amicable intercultural relationships on diverse university campuses.
The Forgotten Comedy of the Socratic Turn
Authors: Mhire Jeremy J.
Published: February 2013

Leo Strauss ends his Socrates and Aristophanes with a pregnant assertion: the best account of the Socratic turn is offered by al-Razi in his The Philosophical Way of Life.  Al-Razi’s account thus provides two invaluable opportunities: to gain some insight into Strauss’s unique understanding of Socrates, and the chance to examine the problem of Socrates from a nontraditional vantage point. Taking advantage of these opportunities reveals an oft-overlooked moment in the history of political philosophy: Socrates’s discovery of the regime. This essay examines al-Razi’s account while also casting a new light on Strauss’s own scholarship.
Analysis of Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Di Ieva Antonio , Schmitz Erika M. , Cusimano Michael D.
Published: February 2013

The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important tool in medicine for its ability to portray the brain’s compliance status. The bedside monitor displays the ICP waveform and intermittent mean values to guide physicians in the management of patients, particularly those having sustained a traumatic brain injury. Researchers in the fields of engineering and physics have investigated various mathematical analysis techniques applicable to the waveform in order to extract additional diagnostic and prognostic information, although they largely remain limited to research applications. The purpose of this review is to present the current techniques used to monitor and interpret ICP and explore the potential of using advanced mathematical techniques to provide information about system perturbations from states of homeostasis. We discuss the limits of each proposed technique and we propose that nonlinear analysis could be a reliable approach to describe ICP signals over time, with the fractal dimension as a potential predictive clinically meaningful biomarker. Our goal is to stimulate translational research that can move modern analysis of ICP using these techniques into widespread practical use, and to investigate to the clinical utility of a tool capable of simplifying multiple variables obtained from various sensors.
Einstein Versus Neutrinos
Authors: Domínguez Martí
Published: February 2013

This article focuses on the news coverage given to the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) announcement that neutrinos might exceed the speed of light, flying in the face of Albert Einstein’s theory. By studying 140 cartoons about the news item published between the CERN’s announcement at the end of September 2011 up until its refutation in February 2012, we selected 33 devoted to Albert Einstein. We study the iconographic use of Einstein’s figure, and how the suggestion he might have been wrong stirred up greater interest among the cartoonists than when it was proven his ideas are still fully in force.
Time harmonic waves in a thermo-viscoelastic material with voids
Authors: Tomar SK , Bhagwan J , Steeb H
Published: February 2013

In the present work, we study the propagation of time harmonic waves in an infinite thermo-viscoelastic material with voids. Four basic waves traveling with distinct speeds are found, out of which, one is a shear wave, and the remaining three are dilatational waves. All the dilatational waves are found to be coupled due to the presence of voids and thermal properties of the material, while the shear wave is found to be uncoupled and travels independently with the speed that exists in a linear viscoelastic medium. The speeds of propagation of all the waves are found to be complex valued and frequency dependent. Reflection phenomena of these waves from a mechanically stress-free and thermally insulated plane boundary of a thermo-viscoelastic half-space with voids have been investigated. Formulae for amplitudes and energy ratios corresponding to various reflected waves have been obtained and are presented in closed form. Numerical computations are performed for a specific model, and the results obtained are depicted graphically.
Principals’ Engagement of Low Ability Students in Singapore Secondary Schools
Authors: Ong Chye Hin , Dimmock Clive
Published: February 2013

This article describes a grounded theory constructed from a study of Singapore neighbourhood secondary school principals’ engagement of their lowest stream, the Normal Technical students, in their schools. This substantive theory is labelled the ‘theory of selective engagement’. It implies that how principals engage their lowest streamed students is based on the way they perceive streaming as practiced in the Singapore education system, their perception of the Normal Technical students and their personal expectations of these students. The theory proposes that principals can be classified as ‘realists/pragmatists’, ‘innovators/improvisers’ and ‘nurturers’ according to the extent they selectively engage their students in areas such as: (1) Streaming/Lateral Movement; (2) Monitoring; (3) Deployment of Resources; (4) Subject Offerings; (5) Enrichment Programmes; (6) Managing Discipline; (7) Leadership Opportunities; and (8) Treatment of Students.
The outcomes of zone 1 flexor tendon injuries treated using micro bone suture anchors
Authors: Huq S. , George S. , Boyce D. E.
Published: February 2013

This article evaluates the outcome of 42 consecutive zone 1 flexor tendon injuries treated by using micro bone anchors during the period 2003–2008. Patients were rehabilitated using the modified Belfast Regime. The range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint was assessed using Moiemen’s classification. A total of 56% of patients achieved excellent or good results for range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint and 23% had a poor outcome. The mean distal interphalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint range of motion were 48° and 96°, respectively. A total of 94% of patients returned back to work by 12 weeks. One patient sustained a tendon rupture and one developed osteomyelitis. The mean QuickDASH score was 13.5 and 81% of patients were satisfied with their outcomes. This is the largest clinical study on the use of bone anchors for zone 1 tendon injuries. Our study demonstrated a low rate of complications and outcomes that compare favourably with other published techniques.
I Have to Give an “I Can” Attitude
Authors: Wamala Caroline Victoria
Published: February 2013

Intentional missed calling, referred to as beeping through the mobile phone, is a popular communication practice among Africans. Targeting young mobile phone users in Uganda, this article builds on previous research on beeping, but focuses on gender as a point of analysis. Data informing this article are based on 76 qualitative interviews with university students and recent graduates who are currently employed, and the results indicate that beeping practices are embedded in sociocultural, normative, gender patterns. The data also show that beeping is a multilayered exercise that each individual at some social-relational level engages in: It is the relationship to the beep recipient that negotiates this practice. Mapping local, diverse expressions of masculinities and femininity at the intersection of beeping activities, the study offers some recommendations on how Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in general can be useful signals of understanding sociological order.
Assessing Body Image in Young Children
Authors: Heron Kristin E. , Smyth Joshua M. , Akano Esther , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: February 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine body image discrepancies in elementary-age children in a racially diverse sample. Body image and body image discrepancy were measured in elementary school children ( N = 58) of various racial groups (35% Hispanic, 33% African American, 16% Caucasian, 14% other). Each participant was shown a set of silhouette figure drawings and reported current and ideal body sizes. Children’s body discrepancies appear to change between Grades 1 and 2. Notable discrepancies between their current and ideal figures, and their current figure and those that they believe are most attractive, are largely absent in Grade 1, but are evident in Grade 2 and older children. No substantive racial or gender differences in body image perceptions or dissatisfaction were observed in this sample. Body image dissatisfaction may begin as early as second grade in both girls and boys of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. These findings provide preliminary evidence that body discrepancies may begin much earlier than previously thought.
Combined 2D and 3D Transthoracic and Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Nonobstructive and Obstructive Cor Triatriatum Sinister
Authors: Walling Steven , Palma Richard , Chubet Lorraine
Published: February 2013

Cor triatriatum sinister is a rare congenital condition in which the left atrium is partitioned into two chambers by a fibromuscular membrane. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and 2D transesophageal echocardiography are the standard tests of choice for the assessment of function and physiology, although with complex pathology, evaluation of specific structures may be limited. We are reporting the additional use of 3D transesophageal echocardiography to delineate the anatomical features of the membrane in a comprehensive way not possible by conventional 2D imaging.
The Diagnosis of Death and the Irreducibility of the Human Person
Authors: Bulzacchelli Richard H.
Published: February 2013

If, as Karol Wojtyla had insisted, the human person is fundamentally irreducible to any natural, biological, social, or even cosmological function, then the diagnosis of death on any of the purely functionalistic grounds available to medical science presents a serious ethical problem. Perhaps we can no longer treat the question of death merely as a medical “diagnosis,” regarding, on that basis, the appropriateness of organ transplantation as a purely medical judgment, ethically accountable only to professional standards of care. We will explore this problem from within a personalistic philosophical, and theological framework, according to which the irreducibility of the human person provides the central referent for an analysis of the reductionistic tendencies of contemporary thinking concerning the “diagnosis of death.”
A Pragmatic-Cognitive Approach to Brand Names: A Case Study of Rioja Wine Brands
Authors: Hernández Lorena Pérez
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes a collection of Rioja wine names, looking into the pragmatic and conceptual mechanisms underlying their semantic configuration. It provides some insights into their linguistic adequacy and effectiveness, and offers a preliminary assessment on the strengths and weaknesses of Rioja wine trademarks. The branding of Rioja wines has traditionally been carried out by wine producers themselves. This trend, however, seems to be changing as wine companies increasingly turn to professional branding services. A systematic application of the pragmatic and conceptual strategies isolated in this study results in a rich pool of lexical extensions. It is argued that a careful choice of the initial inventory of key notions as well as of the source concepts used in metonymic and metaphoric extensions would help to minimize the generation of negative connotations. To the same end, branding experts should also take into consideration a number of pragmatic maxims and cultural models.
Developing Distinctive Dress: Textiles and Clothing of the Katang and Mankhong Ethnic Groups of Southern Laos
Authors: McIntosh Linda S
Published: February 2013

The Mainland South-east Asian country of Laos is renowned for its traditional costume composed of intricate hand-woven textiles. The woven material that is the focus of exhibits and publications are primarily produced by the politically dominant Lao and related groups, which together make up a small percentage of the sixty-eight ethnic groups recognized in Laos. The traditional textiles and dress of the people making up the minority groups, especially groups living in the southern region, are often overlooked. Information about the clothing and textiles of the Katang and Mankhong, two minority groups living in upland areas in southern Laos, has been limited. Field research conducted by the author revealed that Katang and Mankhong women, as the primary producers of cloth, have mastered weaving and other adorning techniques to decorate cloth with patterning. The weavers have utilized embroidery, supplementary weft, weft ikat, and supplementary warp techniques to develop distinctive textiles used as costume and ceremonial items. Over the last ten years, regional trade has developed rapidly in the area inhabited by the Katang and Mankhong due to Asian Development Bank sponsorship of such projects as the East–West Economic Corridor in the Greater Mekong Subregion. The distinctive heritage of these minority groups is at risk, but projects encouraging the production of their traditional attire may assist the Katang, Mankhong, and related groups in preserving their culture.
Divide and Serve: The Labour Process in Service Value Chains and Networks
Authors: Flecker Jörg , Haidinger Bettina , Schönauer Annika
Published: February 2013

This article discusses various aspects of labour processes in services characterized by value chains that cross organizational, company, regional or national boundaries. Starting from value chain analysis it first addresses the main conceptual issues in the investigation of service value chains and networks from a labour process perspective. Second, it highlights three particular themes in the analysis of the labour process in services and illustrates these with empirical examples: modularization of services and codification of knowledge, organizational flexibility and flexible employment, and the concurrence of co-operation and competition. In the conclusion, the article sketches significant characteristics of services and service work that need to come into focus in value chain and network analysis from a labour process perspective.
Control in an Internationalized Labour Process: Engineering Work in Global Design Networks
Authors: Pawlicki Peter
Published: February 2013

This article analyses the engineering labour process within global networks of production and design of the electronics industry. Its main argument is that the labour process in peripheral product design locations in Eastern Europe has developed considerably with regards to levels of autonomy in work tasks organization and control structure. A detailed case study on one particular product development centre in Bucharest, Romania illustrates these developments. Labour process theory is employed to analyse and understand dynamics in the local labour process organization, while the global design network approach locates labour process dynamics within a network perspective. Local factors such as the labour market are central to the analysis advancing a more dialectical perspective on the relations between global and local levels of internationalization. The analysis shows how integrated forms of international division of labour are increasingly developing.