bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIAGNÓSTICO DO GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA FEIRA LIVRE 8 DE MAIO NO DISTRITO ADMINISTRATIVO DE ICOARACI EM BELÉM –PARÁ
Authors: Raiol Ivanusia Do Nascimento , Castro Lucilla Raphaelle Carmo , Neves Deborah Ingrid da Silveira
Published: February 2020

O gerenciamento inadequado dos resíduos sólidos acarreta diversos problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Estes problemas são geralmente de fácil percepção em locais de geração constante de resíduos, como é o caso das feiras livres. Em vista disso, este estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar as etapas do Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos em uma feira livre no distrito administrativo do município de Belém. Além disso, a fim de entender o contexto da pesquisa, o estudo identificou o perfil socioeconômico dos feirantes e avaliou a percepção dos mesmos em relação à limpeza da feira e sobre coleta seletiva. A metodologia contou com pesquisa bibliográfica; entrevistas com o poder público municipal; visita in loco; e aplicação de questionário e check list. Os resultados indicaram que os materiais gerados em maior quantidade são plástico, matéria orgânica e papel/papelão. Foi verificado deficiência nas etapas de acondicionamento interno e armazenamento externo. A coleta era feita de forma regular pelo menos 1 vez ao dia em todos os dias da semana. Os resíduos coletados eram transportados diretamente para um aterro sanitário privado por meio de caminhões compactadores. Desta forma, o presente estudo mostrou a necessidade de melhorias no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos da feira tendo em vista a potencialidade de reciclagem e compostagem dos mesmos, além de avistar um ambiente propício a mudanças levando-se em consideração o perfil socioeconômico dos feirantes, suas percepções a respeito dos problemas relacionados aos resíduos sólidos gerados na feira e interesse em melhorias.
DINÂMICA OCUPACIONAL NO CULTIVO DA UVA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PETROLINA (PE) E JUAZEIRO (BA), NOS ANOS DE 2005 E 2015
Authors: Moura José Ediglê Alcantara , De Paiva Maria Jeanne Gonzaga
Published: February 2020

A região do Submédio do São Francisco se destaca pelos municípios de Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA) que são reconhecidas internacionalmente na produção de frutas tropicais a fim de atender especialmente o mercado externo, aproveitando as vantagens comparativas como condições edafoclimáticas privilegiadas, alta insolação e baixa umidade do ar. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento do mercado de trabalho formal no cultivo de uva no submédio do São Francisco. Para isso, faz-se uma revisão de literatura acerca do tema exposto e em seguida, uma análise empírica dos dados secundários obtidos junto à Produção Agrícola Municipal (PAM) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) do Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego (MTE). Os principais resultados revelam que a produtividade por área cultivada não apresenta grandes variações no período. Em relação ao mercado de trabalho no cultivo de uva, viu-se elevar-se o número de postos formais de trabalho, por outro lado, as estatísticas descritivas evidenciam a predominância da ocupação notadamente masculina com idade entre 30 a 39 anos e baixa escolaridade formal com 84,85% dos trabalhadores alocados na faixa de rendimento de mais de 01 a 02 salários mínimos.
GESTÃO AMBIENTAL NA AÇÃO CONTRA MINAS TERRESTRES: PRINCIPAIS MEDIDAS PARA PROTEGER E MITIGAR OS IMPACTOS DAS ATIVIDADES DE AÇÃO CONTRA MINAS
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Moura , Henkes Jairo Afonso
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo levantar as principais medidas para a proteção e mitigação dos impactos negativos das atividades de ação contra minas ao meio ambiente. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: consulta às “home-pages” de sites especializados, de periódicos, dos programas de ação contra minas e das organizações de desminagem humanitária e um questionário enviado aos gestores e participantes dos programas de ação contra minas que ocorrem atualmente em Angola, Camboja e Colômbia. Por intermédio desses instrumentos puderam ser levantados o funcionamento dos programas nacionais de ação contra minas, os principais impactos negativos dessas atividades ao meio ambiente e as principais medidas executadas nesses programas para mitigar danos e proteger o meio ambiente. Após análise do resultado, foi apresentada uma proposta contendo as seguintes medidas: (1) o alinhamento das legislações dos programas de ação contra minas com as leis e normas ambientais nacionais; (2) um organograma para os programas e para as organizações de desminagem humanitária, incluindo-se uma estrutura de gestão ambiental em cada organograma; e (3) as principais medidas práticas de proteção ambiental e mitigação de impactos negativos das atividades em questão.
AVALIAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO DOS RESÍDUOS DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE DOS GRUPOS A, B e E NO HOSPITAL DE NOVO HAMBURGO (RS), BRASIL: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: De Brum Thiago Tepasse , Modolo Regina Célia Espinosa
Published: February 2020

Nesta pesquisa foram quantificados os Resíduos de Serviço de Saúde do Grupo A, B e E, gerados em um Hospital de Novo Hamburgo (RS), Brasil, conforme a Resolução RDC nº 306 da ANVISA. Os resíduos foram identificados com etiquetas que diferenciavam os setores e turnos de trabalho por cores e formas geométricas, respectivamente. A massa específica aparente foi monitorada durante dois meses, todos os dias, nos três turnos (manhã, tarde e noite). Este monitoramento possibilitou avaliar as diferenças na geração de resíduos comparativamente com os turnos de trabalho e constatar quais os setores que mais geram resíduos assim como, o custo com a destinação correta dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde.
Building Students’ Characters Through Character Education and Religiousity Values in Syair Kitab Ta'lim Muta'allim
Authors: Imron Amrullah  , Imayah Imayah
Published: February 2020

This study examines the verses contained in the book Ta'lim Muta'allim to participate in the construction of student character. The source of data in this study is the Ta'lim Muta'allim book poetry which is relevant to the development of student character, character education and religiosity from the poetry of Talim Muta 'allim's book. The results of this study were (1) the value of character education consists of tips and ways to respect the teacher, to be humble, to talk a little and not to be arrogant. While acquired religiosity, among others, commands prayer, resigns, prays, begs for pleasure, obeys (obeys) and stays away from immorality. The results of the data analysis are recommended for those seeking knowledge so that the knowledge gained is useful to them and to others.
Politics of Language in Indonesia (1975-2015): Study of History and Language Policy
Authors: Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Soeparno Soeparno , Lilis Ferawati
Published: February 2020

Indonesia has a political concept of language that is always updated in a certain period of time. The concept was born from a scientific meeting entitled “Seminar Politik Bahasa Nasional” (1975), “Seminar Politik Bahasa” (1999) and finally, “Seminar Politik Bahasa” (2015). Each scientific meeting produces a concept of language politics that is complementary and updates the previous concept. Furthermore, the concept of language politics is closely related to the implementation of a language policy in Indonesia. The research method used is content analysis. The data sources used are books, document archives, and photographs that record language political events over a period of 40 years. The results of this study indicate that (1) the concept of national language politics in the version of the Seminar Politik Bahasa Nasional (1975) focuses more on aspects of Indonesian, regional languages, and foreign languages; the political concept of the national language version of the Seminar Politik Bahasa (1999) focuses more on aspects of Indonesian language and literature, regional language and literature, and foreign languages, and the national language politics version of the Seminar Politik Bahasa (2015) emphasizes improving the function of Indonesian language into an international language; and (2) the political concept of national language 1975 and 1999 language politics became the elaboration of Pasal 36 UUD 1945 and the 2015 political concept of language became the elaboration of UU No. 24 Tahun 2009 and PP No. 57 Tahun 2014.
The Myth of Sandekala in Novel Senjakala by Risa Saraswati Based on Lévi-Strauss’ Structuralism Approach
Authors: Saidah Saidah
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed to obtain information about the sandekala myth contained in Senjakala by Risa Saraswati. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method. The geographical level analysis results showed that the depiction of the location of the myth in the Senjakala often linked to something haunted and mystical. Something that is haunted and mystical refers to the disturbance of spirits that often appeared when the sunset. The techno-economic level analysis results showed that the economic depiction of the figures could influence the character's behavior in believing in myths. The sociology level analysis results showed that people who own the myth have a high religious personality characterized by religion has always being used as a basis in various aspects of life, including in avoiding interference from spirits. The cosmological level analysis results showed that the events of the figures who were often disturbed by spirits during sunset. Based on these four levels, the myth of sandekala in Senjakala by Risa Saraswati was shown by the disturbances of spirits that often appeared during sunset. This research can be implicated in the study of literature at high school grade 12th of Curriculum 2013 Revision 2018 contained in BC 3.9 Analyzing the content and linguistic elements of novels and 4.9 Designing novels or novelets with regards to the content and linguistics both verbally and written. Students are expected to be able to analyze the content and linguistic elements of the novel through intrinsic elements and the language style of the novel and having wisdom in addressing the existence of myths.
Development of Teaching Materials for Writing Argumentative-Based on Lotus Teacniques on grade XII Madrasah Aliyah Negeri
Authors: Rani Rika , Purba Resdin , Risnawaty Risnawaty
Published: February 2020

This study aims to describe the development of teaching material patterns, the feasibility of teaching materials, and the effectiveness of teaching materials in writing paragraphs of argumentation based on lotus techniques in class XII MAN Pematangsiantar. Kind of this research is research and development based on the model of Borg and Gall. Subject trials consist of subject experts, design experts. The results showed that: (1) validation of the content experts include the freasibility of content with an average of 82,35 in very good criteria, eligibility presentation with an average of 86,545 in the very well criteria, aspects of language with an average of 90,38% in the very well criteria, (2) validation of design experts with an average of 85,00% in the very well criteria, (3) individual testing with an average of 82,87% with a very good criteria, (4) the trial of small group with an average of 91,20% with a very good criteria, and (5) a limited field test groups with an average of 95,10% with a very good criteria, (6) the effectiveness of instructional materials with a presentation by 74,22% with good criteria. Thus, the instructional materials of argumentative paragraph based on lotus tehnic that have been developed is proper to use in the learning process as a learning resource.

Keywords: Intructional naterials, argumentative paragraph, lotus tehnic based

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengembangan pola bahan ajar, kelayakan bahan ajar, dan keefektifan bahan ajar menulis paragraf argumentasi berbasis teknik teratai pada siswa kelas XII MAN Pematangsiantar. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada model Borg and Gall, yang terdiri atas materi, desain, uji coba. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) validasi ahli materi kelayakan isi dengan rata-rata 82,35 pada kriteria sangat baik, kelayakan penyajian dengan rata-rata 86,54% pada kriteria sangat baik, aspek bahasa dengan rata-rata 90,38% pada kriteria sangat baik, (2) validasi ahli desain dengan rata-rata 85,00% pada kriteria sangat baik, (3) uji coba perorangan  dengan  rata-rata 82,87% dengan kriteria sangat baik, (4) uji coba kelompok kecil dengan rata-rata 91,20% dengan kriteria sangat baik, dan (5) uji kelompok lapangan terbatas dengan rata-rata 95,10% dengan kriteria sangat baik, (6) keefektifan bahan ajar dengan presentasi 74,22% dengan kriteria baik. Dengan demikian, bahan ajar paragraf argumentasi berbasis teknik teratai yang telah dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran sebagai sumber belajar.

Kata kunci: bahan ajar, paragraf argumentasi, berbasis teknik teratai
Chairil Anwar Service Literature Practices, 1942-1949
Authors: Arif Setyawan
Published: February 2020

Chairil Anwar's literary resistance practices in 1942-1949 were supported by ‘literary habitus’--foreign and local literature, literary totality, and literary rationality-- as a foundation with the support of ‘literary modal’ --literary totality, literary rationality, and ideals of literature-- with consideration of the ‘literary fields’.Although the dominance of a ‘pujangga baru’ generation through literary practices is quite strong, Chairil Anwar's ‘literary practice’ is a successful practice.This success was marked by several things, including (1) Chairil's poetry writing model was considered as a new model that was not available before in Indonesian literature; (2) the influence of Chairil's literary practice which is growing in Indonesian literary society; (3) Chairil's coronation as a pioneer of the 45th generation; and (4) the increasingly massive publishing of Chairil's works which certainly brings 'capital modal' to Chairil's family.

Keywords: literary resistance practices, Chairil Anwar, 1942-1949

Abstrak

Praktik sastra perlawan Chairil Anwar pada tahun 1942-1949 didukung oleh 'habitus sastra' --sastra asing dan lokal, totalitas sastra, dan rasionalitas sastra-- sebagai landasan dengan dukungan 'modal sastra' --totalitas sastra, rasionalitas sastra, rasionalitas sastra , dan cita-cita sastra-- dengan pertimbangan 'ranah sastra'. Meskipun dominasi generasi 'pujangga baru' melalui praktik sastra cukup kuat, 'praktik sastra' Chairil Anwar adalah praktik yang berhasil. Keberhasilan ini ditandai oleh beberapa hal, antara lain(1) Model penulisan sajak Chairil dianggap model baru yang belum ada sebelumnya di kesusasteraan Indonesia; (2) pengaruh praktik sastra Chairil yang semakin besar dalam masyarakat sastra Indonesia; (3) dinobatkannya Chairil sebagai pelopor angkatan 45; dan (4) semakin masifnya penerbitan karya-karya Chairil yang tentunya mendatangkan modal kapital bagi keluarga Chairil.

Kata kunci: praktik sastra perlawanan, Chairil Anwar, Tahun 1942-1949
Bukan Hanya Situs Berita Ikhtisar dan Tren Jurnalisme Online Indonesia
Authors: Nurwulan Titis , Ratna Puspita
Published: February 2020

Jurnalisme online telah mengalami evolusi sejak hampir dua dekade terakhir sehingga menghasilkan berbagai produk jurnalistik yang menggabungkan budaya jurnalisme cetak dan teknologi media baru. Penelitian ini menyelidiki tren evolusi dalam pencarian dan penyajian berita online di Indonesia dengan mempertimbangkan dinamika konvergensi yang ditimbulkan oleh kehadiran internet. Jurnalisme online di Indonesia menyajikan berbagai model penyajian berita dengan memanfaatkan web atau situs atau laman dan media sosial. Pekembangan jurnalisme online di Indonesia tidak hanya ditunjukkan melalui kehadiran situs-situs berita, melainkan juga keberadaan laman pembaca umpan atau aggregator berita. Perubahan praktik jurnalisme online di Indonesia ini memberikan tantangan bagi dosen yang mengajarkan jurnalisme secara khusus dan ilmu komunikasi secara umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep jurnalisme online yang berlaku di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti akan mengumpulkan studi-studi terdahulu mengenai jurnalisme online di Indonesia untuk kemudian menggambarkan permasalahan yang muncul pada jurnalisme online di Indonesia, metode yang digunakan untuk menelitinya, dan teknik pengumpulan data. Peneliti berharap penelitian ini menjadi tahap awal penelitian tentang jurnalisme online di Indonesia sehingga nantinya ada modul pengajaran bagi mahasiswa ilmu komunikasi secara umum dan ilmu jurnalistik secara khusus.
Program Brandstart Oleh Roemah Martha Tilaar Gombong Sebagai Community Development Martha Tilaar Group
Authors: Nugraha Aat Ruchiat Nugraha , Rahayu Septiyana Puji Rahayu , - Lukiati Komala Erdinaya
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana program Brandstart oleh Roemah Martha Tilaar Gombong sebagai community development Martha Tilaar Group. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif dengan jenis data kualitatif dan menggunakan paradigma positivisme. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi pasif, dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa engagement, RMT sudah bisa membangun pemahaman, penerimaan, dan kepercayaan terhadap program namun belum terbangun kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya program Brandstart, sehingga belum tercipta kontrak sosial dengan masyarakat. Pada tahap assessment RMT sudah dapat mengidentifikasi masalah dan kebutuhan masyarkat yang akan dijadikan dasar perumusan program berdasarkan needs based approach dan right based approach. Pada tahap plan of action, perencanaan dilakukan dengan menyinergikan antara kebutuhan masyarakat dengan berbagai aspek dalam organisasi namun belum ada perumusan target secara tertulis dan struktur organisasi dalam pelaksanaan program. Pada tahap action and facilitation dilakukan dengan difasilitasi pendampingan, monitoring, dan supervisi dari pihak RMT dan juga Gambaran Brand Indonesia. Pada tahap evaluation and termination or reformation, RMT menilai sejauhmana keberhasilan pelaksanaan program yang telah dijalankan namun belum ada alat ukur kepuasan peserta sehingga belum benar-benar mengetahui impact dari pelatihan tersebut dalam keseharian UMKM dan belum ada dokumen evaluasi.

Saran untuk RMT sebaiknya dalam tahap engangement lebih diperhatikan dalam memberikan sosialisasi agar tercipta kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya program Brandstart sehingga pada saat pelaksanaan dapat memenuhi target. Pada tahap evaluation and termination or reformation sebaiknya dibuat alat ukur terhadap kepuasan peserta agar diketahui sejauhmana keberhasilan dari pelatihan yang telah dilakukan, serta perlu dibuat dokumen evaluasi agar menjadi pedoman untuk program selanjutnya.
Teoritisasi Komunikasi Dalam Tradisi Sosiokultural
Authors: Eko Nugroho
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

 

 The Last Samurai is a Hollywood production film made by Edward Zwick (2003) which won 4 (four) Oscars for several categories at the 2004 Academy Award. In this film, we can see Katsumoto and Algreen at first debating or disagreeing about ways the customs. Socioculturally, there are keywords that can be seen in the film's story, namely "culture" and "interaction". First, that there are different cultural settings from the two figures. They think in terms of two different structural meanings. Sociocultural theories provide explanations in many communication contexts. In general, this tradition explains the following ideas (Littlejhon and Foss, 2005: 45). First, our way of understanding, meaning, norms, roles and rules work interactively in communication. Sociocultural traditions authorize communication in a concept of "reproduction of social order". In this case the interaction as a discussion of communication events becomes an activity that involves the symbols that are based on the meaning, interpretation. And in interaction there is also a convention, an agreement based on the division of meaning of symbols between community members that determines the internal factors (self-concept, or identity, etc.) of each group member, so that the order or rules change as the actuality of the communication itself .

Keywords: Sociocultural; Social Order; The Last Samurai
A Study Of 7th Grade Sudent’s Views on Student-Teacher Relationship and its Effect on Academic Grades at School Level in Quetta District
Authors: Azeem Seema
Published: February 2020

The study explores the views of students, and investigates the effect of their views on their academic performances in the form of grades. The hypothesis tested in this study was thatthe positive relationshipbetween teacher and students leads to a high academic achievement. This research was conducted in Elementary schools of Quetta. The sample used for this study was 6 Elementary schools, both of male and female and the sample consisted of 200 students. The students were selected randomly from the chosen 6 schools. The nature of the study was quantitative and questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The outcomes of the study  reveal that a correlation exists between student relations with their teachers and the findings of the regression test show that positive relationship of teachers with their student impact student achievement.
INNOVATION IN LEARNING PROPORTION USING PROPORTION TABLE
Authors: Oktaviani Maya
Published: February 2020

This study aims to develop learning of direct and inverse proportion by using proportion tables based on Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. Data were collected from preliminary test results, classroom observation, field notes, student activity sheets, test answer sheets, and interviews conducted on students grade VII at Islamic Junior High School Al-Azhar 12 Rawamangun. Based on the results of the retrospective analysis, PMRI characteristics have a role in developing direct and inverse proportion. Students' activities in observing the context presented can train students to develop learning strategies and explore the use of proportion tables. The proportion table can present the students' informal thinking processes and assist students in solving problems related to direct and inverse proportion. The use of student construction results in each meeting contributes to assisting students in understanding the direct and inverse proportion. The conceptual relevance of this study attracts students' attention because the context is given close to student life. Thus, the proportion table can help students to understand the proportion so that they can resolve the proportion problems.
ANALYSIS OF CLASICAL TEST THEORY (CTT) APPROCH ON ACADEMIC ABILITY TEST INSTRUMENT
Authors: Pratama Dinar
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study to estimate the parameters in Clasical Test Theory (CTT) approach on Academic Ability Test Instrument new students of IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung academic year 2018/2019. Data was collected through documentation techniques in the form of 425 sheets of student test answers. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that the index of difficulty level in all problem fields has not shown a balance of comparison of easy, medium and difficult questions. The average questions are distributed in the medium category questions with a percentage of 25% easy questions, 51% medium questions, and 24% difficult questions. Distinguishing power index, in all question areas shows there are 37% of questions that are able to distinguish test takers 'abilities and as many as 18% questions are not able to distinguish test takers' abilities. While the effectiveness of distractors there are 239 or 79.6% functioning and there are 61 or 20.3% of the non-functioning distractors. The results of the validity analysis of 100 questions obtained 54% which have a coefficient of validity more than 1.59 and as many as 46% that have a coefficient value less than 1.59. For the overall reliability coefficient, a value of 0.81 is obtained. This means that 80% of the difference in scores obtained by test takers with others is their pure score difference or is not influenced by other factors as a source of error in the measurement.

 Keywords: clasical theory test, test instruments.
Pengembangan E-Modul Interaktif Berbasis Android pada Mata Kuliah Strategi Belajar Mengajar
Authors: Ricu Sidiq  , Najuah
Published: February 2020

This research aims to develop an interactive e-module for Android based on the Teaching and Learning Strategy Course. The subject of this research were students of History Education Department 2017, State University of Medan. The method used in this research was R&D. Using the Borg and Gall development model which included the first steps; Preliminary research (preparation, deepening survey, need analysis), second; Product development Planning (data collecting, product identification development), third; Product validation and revision (expert study, small group trials, large group trials), fourth; Product implementation (planning, preparation, implementation, observation, evaluation). This development research resulted in a product that meets the validation by material experts reaching 93%  with a highly valid category, learning design experts reach 82% by valid categories, media experts reach 86% with valid categories and 86% for effectiveness media usage. The implications of the results of this research is that it can improve, trigger, strengthen students interest to study independently and the process of learning more effective, efficiency so that can improve the learning quality.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul interaktif berbasis Android pada mata kuliah Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Subjek penelitian ini angkatan 2017 jurusan pendidikan sejarah unimed. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah R&D. dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Borg and Gall yang meliputi langkah-langkah pertama; penelitian pendahuluan (persiapan, survey pendalaman, analisis kebutuhan), kedua; perencanaan pengembangan produk (pengumpulan data, identifikasi produk yang dikembangkan), ketiga; validasi dan revisi produk (telaah pakar, uji coba kelompok kecil, uji coba kelompok besar), keempat; implementasi produk (perencanaan, persiapan, pelaksanaan, observasi, evaluasi). Penelitian pengembangan ini menghasilkan produk yang memenuhi validasi oleh ahli materi mencapai 93% dengan kategori sangat valid, ahli desain pembelajaran mencapai 82% dengan kategori valid, ahli media mencapai 86% dengan kategori valid dan 86% persentase untuk efektifitas penggunaan media. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat membangun, memicu, memperkuat minat mahasiswa untuk belajar secara mandiri dan proses pembelajaran lebih efektivitas, efesiensi sehingga terjadi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran.
حضور النساء في المساجد من منظور القرآن الكريم دراسة تحليلية
Authors: Mahmud Syed Hasan
Published: February 2020

يركّز هذا البحث على بيان موقف القرآن الكريم من تثبيت أنشطة النساء حول المساجد، كالمشاركة في صلاة الجماعة واستماع الخطبة والمساهمة في الأعمال الخيريّة والإصلاحية. لأن النساء في القارّة الهندية خاصّةً تمنع من المساجد استدلالاً من بعض الأحاديث فقط، والقرآن أحق في بيان الأصول لهذه القضية. استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي، وتم ذلك عن طريق جمع الآيات القرآنية التي تتحدّث عن حضور النساء في المساجد، والمنهج التحليلي تم عن طريق تحليل الآيات المتعلقة بالموضوع. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج، ومن أهمّها: خروج النساء إلى المساجد وعقد الأنشطة حولها أمر ثابت بالقرآن الكريم. فمن يشتبه في مثل هذا الحكم الثابت فلا بدّ له من الرجوع إلى المصادر الأصليّة للإسلام: القرآن الكريم ثم الأحاديث النبوية. فقضية حضور النساء في المساجد جائز لما دلّ عليه القرآن الكريم والأحاديث النبوية تُبين كيفيّتها وضوابطها، كما تُبين الموانع منها.
Stage Persona, Stand-Up Comedy and Mental Health: ‘Putting Yourself out There’
Authors: Hargrave Matt
Published: February 2020

This article addresses the subject of stand-up and mental health through the prism of comic persona, generating new, non-diagnostic discourses around mental illness. The article focuses on British and Australian comedians whose material addresses conditions such as bipolar disorder (John Scott), depression and anxiety (Seymour Mace; Lauren Pattison; Felicity Ward), or feigns the staging of mental collapse (Stewart Lee). Based on the analysis of live events and one-on-one interviews, the essay considers the role that persona plays in mediating the relationship between the comedian and their material, arguing that shaping persona is key to developing practices framed within a poetics of vulnerability.
Multilingual pedagogies in practice
Authors: French Mei
Published: February 2020

Amongst Australian EAL specialists there is increasing recognition of the value of incorporating students’ home languages and cultural knowledge into teaching and learning. However there remains a need for guiding principles for developing effective multilingual and translanguaging approaches for diverse educational contexts. This paper presents some classroom approaches and suggest principles for effective multilingual curriculum and pedagogy.An ethnographic study in an Australian high school revealed that students used their multilingual repertoires to support learning individually, collaboratively and through access to external information. Teachers responded by rejecting, accepting or actively engaging students’ multilingual resources.Analysis of these teaching approaches suggests some principles for effective multilingual classroom practice. Successful multilingual pedagogies require both teachers and students to challenge the “monolingual mindset” (Clyne, 2008) of Australian education. Attention to both vertical and horizontal dimensions of multilingualism (Heugh, 2018) is also crucial. Additional principles include affirming multilingualism, attending to affect, developing shared learning outcomes, defining a social purpose and addressing practical considerations. A key to success is that multilingual and translanguaging pedagogies are developed from students’ existing multilingual practices.It is hoped that proposing these principles can extend discussion and research around the use of multilingual resources in school-based learning.
LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT FOR CLASSROOM TEACHERS
Authors: Lippold Julia
Published: February 2020

LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT FOR CLASSROOM TEACHERSLyle Bachman and Barbara DamböckOxford: Oxford University Press, 2017
Supporting EAL students in regional education contexts: “It creates a huge workload and often times disappointment”
Authors: Barnes Melissa , Shwayli Seham , Matthews Pamalee
Published: February 2020

There has been increasing attention on mainstream teacher beliefs on English as an Additional Language (EAL) students in their classrooms, particularly in regards to how these beliefs impact on teacher expectations and actions. With many teachers holding deficit beliefs towards EAL students, many have argued that professional development is one way to counter these beliefs. However, with a push for the regional settlement of migrants in Australia, there is limited understanding of mainstream teachers’ beliefs about EAL students in regional contexts. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and field, this study investigates the beliefs of teachers and principals in two regional secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. The findings suggest that while many teachers hold common misconceptions regarding EAL students, their views regarding the inclusion of these students are generally positive and both the teachers and principals are open to additional training and support. However, the prevailing issue regarding supporting EAL students is time and/or timing—a commodity that both teachers and students do not have. This paper argues that EAL support in a regional context needs to be further interrogated, identifying a variety of approaches, such as professional development for mainstream teachers, additional EAL specialist support, and after-school programs, to better meet the needs of EAL students in regional areas.
Expanding EAL expertise: Taking a multilingual stance
Authors: De Jong Ester J.
Published: February 2020

English as an Additional Language (EAL) students are increasingly taught by non-specialist, mainstream teachers. This trend calls for a reconceptualization of teacher education to explicitly and purposefully include linguistically and culturally responsive pedagogy in their curriculum. In the United States, several frameworks have been proposed to address this need, although much still needs to be learned about actual practice in preservice teacher preparation programs. In this article, I caution against the monolingual bias in preservice teacher preparation and argue for the mandate for developing a multilingual stance for all teachers of EAL students.
Editorial: Adopting a multilingual stance: Benefits and challenges for learners and teachers
Authors: Macdonald Shem
Published: February 2020

This issue of TESOL in Context picks up on themes running through a number of the presentations as well as the keynotes from the Australian Council of TESOL Associations (ACTA) Conference that took place in Adelaide on 3-5 October, 2018.One of these themes was the readiness of teachers, both pre- and in-service, to adopt a positive view of learners of English as an Additional Language (EAL) and make productive use of the understandings, knowledges and skills that they bring to the classroom, specifically those related to the learners’ language(s). All EAL learners, even those entering formal education at a very young age, come with proficiencies in (a) language(s) and/or dialect(s) other than Standard Australian English. In contrast to the expectation, as observed by Cummins et al. (2005), that learners leave their language(s) at the school door along with their social and cultural expertise, much current discussion and research around schools and other learning centres is actively considering ways to leverage these learner attributes for successful learning (e.g. Duarte, 2019).
Effective Treatment and Handling of Produced Water
Authors: Yang Ming
Published: February 2020

Editor’s Note: The oil and gas industry is under public scrutiny like never before on a host of health, safety, and environmental issues. These concerns are already affecting how companies operate and interact with the public. This series is intended to shed light on how the industry is actively confronting these challenges or how it should address them going forward.

Produced water is an inevitable by-product of oil and gas production. It is estimated that for every barrel of oil produced worldwide there are roughly four to five barrels of water co-produced. As it contains a wide range of contaminants, the discharge of produced water could potentially cause harm to the environment, and therefore should be monitored closely.

For the offshore oil and gas industry, approximately 75% of the produced water is treated and then discharged into the ocean, with the rest being reinjected. While onshore, roughly 90% of this water is reinjected, with the rest being treated and reused or discharged. With the rapid development of shale oil and gas, and the demand for water for hydraulic fracturing, there is an increasing emphasis on flowback and produced water reuse.   

The measurement of oil in produced water is vitally important, for both regulatory compliance monitoring and data collection for the development of future government regulations and operators’ corporate environmental policy. Of course, to calculate the total amount of oil that is discharged via produced water, the volume of that water must also be measured accurately. Measurement of the oil in produced water is also important for the control of the water treatment process itself. 

Management of produced water varies with operators, geographical locations, and field history. Good produced water management practice should involve different disciplines, including reservoir engineers, production engineers, production chemists, and environmental engineers. It would also require an integrated approach, taking into consideration the different options, as well as production history and profile. Often water production becomes a limiting factor for continuing oil production economically for a specific field. How to best manage produced water in oil and gas production will therefore have a significant impact economically, socially, and environmentally.

The key to produced water management is to prevent water getting into the wellbore, and to minimize the water being brought to the surface. Failing this, produced water must then be treated, reinjected, and/or discharged or reused.

Using Online Oil-in-Water Monitors

The use of online oil-in-water monitors can play an important role in the management of produced water. There are many benefits in using online continuous oil-in-water monitors, but particularly as they provide continuous information on a minute-by-minute basis, if not more frequently. Thus, not only can one spot process upset conditions quickly and take actions to rectify the situation, but such monitors can also be used for process optimization, such as chemical dosing.
With Automation in Hand Drillers Demand a Raise
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: February 2020

Drilling automation advances now appearing on rigs would seem to offer a great opportunity for service companies to demand a raise. The likely answer from oil companies, though, remains no.

The argument that oil companies need to pay for much needed technology advances collides with a brutal North American onshore rig market where shrinking demand keeps a lid on fees, according to drilling and service company experts on a panel at the recent SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.

The cost-cutting pressure has been on since the oil price crash that started in 2014. In this survival-of-the-fittest market, high-efficiency, modern rigs have won out. While the number of rigs working in the Permian Basin is down 20%, the number of wells and feet drilled is little changed. As a result, the bottom line for drilling contractors has suffered because the survivors are reducing the number of days of pay per well.

Drilling rigs with digital control systems that can consistently drill a curve faster, and smoother than a directional driller can, are an example of digitally controlled systems appearing on rigs. New contract terms rewarding service companies for delivering those efficiency gains are not part of that advance.

“There is so much focus on supply chain savings,” said Duane Cuku, vice president of sales for Precision Drilling. As a result, “The operator is really accustomed to flying first class on a coach ticket.”

Drillers would like to break this down-ward spiral by negotiating better terms for the next leap in drilling technology—programmable digital control systems capable of consistently executing complex programs to efficiently increase the penetration rate, change the well path, or run casing.

Rather than a hardware advance, like the top drive, the combination of digital controls and data analysis provides flexible, programmable tools that allow improving performance over time. Making the most of these tools requires cooperative efforts by operators, drillers, and service companies.

“Digital technologies are progressing and we are at the cusp of a tipping point. Automation and digitization will allow the future of well construction,” said Kevin Neveu, president and chief executive officer for Precision Drilling.

Digital tools tested onshore will eventually migrate offshore. Matt Isbell, drilling optimization advisor for Hess, said the company expects to use what it is learning about drilling better holes onshore to help it improve its performance when drilling with the more complex well designs used offshore.

Measures of Success

The panelists said that increasing automation is becoming the norm on rigs, but the conversation kept coming back to being paid for new technology.

“I am here to talk about money, not technology,” said Lars Olesen, vice president for product management at Pason Systems. The company made a name for itself selling data storage, but now customers in this competitive sector expect them to “do more with my data.”
Case Histories of Extended Scale Prevention from Single Treatment of Chemically Infused, Slow Release Media
Authors: Leasure Joshua , Marotz Michael
Published: February 2020

A porous media chemical delivery system has been developed which allows the release of various chemistries at a controlled rate, over long periods of time. This delivery system is able to replace a portion of the proppant used in gravel packing and fracturing, as well as an additive during acid stimulation. The placement of the delivery system in this manner allows for increased efficiency and elimination of operational issues associated with alternative treatments.

Several case histories are presented over multiple basins. These case histories outline the versatility of this chemical delivery system by highlighting its use in different environments. Successful deployment in a variety of fluid systems including seawater based cross-linked gel, slick water, and acid are also presented. Other design factors such as temperature, produced water salinity, scale type, stress on proppant, and produced water rate are discussed. The incorporation of all these factors has yielded design volumes varying from 0.5% to 40% of the proppant/gravel pack, depending on the inhibition duration (time / produced water volume) desired.

Results presented in this paper include successful scale inhibition for multiple years, include over 4 years with one application. Also highlighted are examples of inhibition in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs, as well as both onshore and offshore, and both North America and internationally.

This paper will be beneficial for production engineers who desire a cost effective solution to deploy production assurance chemicals in a one-time treatment resulting in a multi-year solution.
Well Productivity Improvement Using Radial Jet Drilling
Authors: Ashena Rahman , Mehrara Reza , Ghalambor Ali
Published: February 2020

Radial Jet Drilling (RJD) is an unconventional drilling technique using the jet energy of high velocity fluids to drill laterals into the reservoir formation as an alternative to the traditional stimulation technique. In this subject case study, the productivity index in a Middle Eastern well had dramatically declined due to the excessive observed bottomhole pressures. In order to improve the production conditions, a workover operation was recommended using the state-of-the-art RJD technique. The paper explains the stepwise job procedure in the drilling well plan and operations. The production conditions were compared prior to and following the RJD. Finally, the reasons for the limited success of the operation and the lessons learned for guarantying future jobs success are provided.

For the RJD perforation in the well, two assembly runs were required: 1) running the RJD assembly consisting of 5/8-in drill bit, the mud motor and the coiled tubing pipe through the drill pipe, in order to open the window in the casing, and 2) running the jet nozzle assembly (no rotation) below the coiled tubing pipe in order to drill into the formation and extend the laterals to the projected lateral depth. Following the review of these procedures and operations, the paper makes a comparison between the plan and the real experience and provides the reasons for the discrepancies.

The number of 14 lateral holes (six holes of 131 ft(40 m) lateral depth and eight holes of 65 ft(20 m) lateral depth) with the aperture size of 0.25 inch, were planned to be drilled by RJD. In practice, the number of only eight laterals of different length ranging 34–65 ft(9–20 m), were drilled due to improper design and operational challenges. Comparing the production conditions following the workover with the previous production conditions, a productivity enhancement of 50% was observed with RJD drilling. However, the operation had several drawbacks: the number of the drilled laterals was less than planned, their penetrated length of the laterals was lower than the planned, and the duration of the well drilling was also greater than the planned rig time. Therefore, the operations was a limited success overall. This is attributed to the smaller coiled-tubing size selected, the performance of the jet nozzle used, and the inexperience of the personnel, among other factors.

The paper provides the dos and don'ts of RJD, as the first application of RJD in this field and the lessons learned from the field practice, future wells can be drilled with great enough number of laterals, their penetration length and lower cost. Therefore, the planned well productivity would be further enhanced, thereby, full success from the application of the RJD technique can be achieved.
Lessons Learned to Avoid Formation Damage Development During Waste Slurry Injection Operations
Authors: Panchal Yashesh , Sameh Omar , Mounir Nihal , Shams Mahmoud , Mohamed Ibrahim , Abou-Sayed Omar , Abou-Sayed Ahmed
Published: February 2020

The injection of oil and gas wastes produced during the exploration and production phases have been proven to be an effective technique toward achieving zero discharge. However, several challenges are associated with the injection of slurry into an underground formation. The most common challenge during waste slurry injection (WSI) is the continuous loss of well injectivity due to poor engineering design of the injection parameters for most of the current existing WSI wells.

For the WSI operation, near wellbore formation damage (including the fracture damage) will be formed by the injected solids. The real time injection monitoring of the ongoing operations is important to correct any operational mistake and adjust the injection parameters in order to ensure the well longevity.

The paper discusses the importance of injection monitoring and steps necessary to maintain the injectivity and perform a healthy WSI operation. Three different case studies are presented to highlight the operational mistakes that caused a significant formation damage development in injectors in Eagle Ford, Haynesville, and Permian Basin shale plays. Certain guidelines depending on the monitoring results are provided in modifying the slurry rheology, pressure, injection strategy etc. that are helpful in maintaining the injectivity. The presented case studies show that the wells with good monitoring program maintained its injectivity during the course of its operation compared to the other wells that lost its injectivity sooner.

The results from different case studies are used to prepare a set of guidelines that can be used to maintain the well injectivity and extend the well life. This paper discusses the techniques that will help in eliminating and avoiding the problems leading to formation damage and well plugging during the WSI operation.