bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assédio no mundo do trabalho e suas implicações para as mulheres na atualidade
Authors: Rodrigues Karoline Parrião , Silva Lorena Alves
Published: February 2021

Propõe-se apresentação de resultados parciais de estudo acerca do assédio nas relações de trabalho, tendo como destaque as mulheres, pois acredita-se que essa é uma forma alarmante de violência, considerando os graves danos provocados à saúde física e mental da vítima, comprometendo sua vida em níveis pessoal, social e profissional. Trata-se de agressão que intenciona principalmente constranger, humilhar, obter vantagens pessoais, desestabilizar e/ ou desqualificar a vítima. O recorte de gênero faz-se necessário devido à sobrecarga de atividades para as mulheres, potencializada pela divisão sexual do trabalho, como também pelo reflexo da cultura machista e patriarcal ainda predominante. Outrossim, compreende-se que o sistema capitalista se apropria das relações desiguais para aprofundar a exploração da classe trabalhadora e com isso se fortalecer. Destarte, objetiva-se debater de que forma o assédio no trabalho manifesta-se para as mulheres atualmente e suas implicações para as vítimas, considerando os diversos aspectos de suas vidas.
Gênero e divisão sexual do trabalho: o cuidado e a responsabilidade dos filhos pela mulher, como expressão da desigualdade de gênero
Authors: Silva Lorena Alves , Parrião Karoline Rodrigues
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho apresenta resultados parciais de uma reflexão sobre as relações sociais de sexo, fundamentalmente, as de dominação e exploração, articuladas dialeticamente, que advém das relações sociais estruturadas na e pela sociedade capitalista patriarcal. A desigualdade entre homens e mulheres é considerada historicamente como reflexo da natureza, sustentada pelo sistema de dominação e exploração dos homens sobre as mulheres. A partir da divisão sexual do trabalho e da crítica à dualidade entre as esferas pública e privada, desvelamos o antagonismo de classes e a opressão das mulheres. O trabalho doméstico considerado inatividade econômica envolve a obrigação com o cuidado dos filhos e incorpora hierarquias de gênero produzidas pelo patriarcado, capitalismo e racismo, dimensões interligadas das estruturas de privilégios em nossa sociedade.
“O sexo do trabalho”: reflexões sobre experiências laborais de trabalhadores/as transexuais e travestis
Authors: Santos de Brito Carolina Gonçalves , De Almeida Carla Cristina Lima
Published: February 2021

Trata-se de uma reflexão acerca das experiências laborais de trabalhadores/as transexuais e travestis, cuja direção analítica debruça-se a pensar, especialmente, de que modo este segmento é incorporado na divisão sexual do trabalho. Hierarquia, subordinação e desigualdade de gênero (re) produzidas no interior das relações e práticas de trabalho conformam condições ainda mais precárias de inserção e permanência de pessoas trans no mundo do trabalho. Nesta esteira, problematiza-se as políticas públicas de trabalho, emprego e renda em torno do recorte da diversidade de gênero, bem como o direito à saúde, ao nome social e à retificação do registro civil de modo interseccionado ao direito ao trabalho de pessoas trans.
Reconhecimento do enfrentamento à violência: feministas, mulheres e delegacias
Authors: Da Silva Juliana Lencina
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho analisa a relação do reconhecimento de identidade de gênero com às práticas de combate à violência contra mulheres. Para tanto, articulam-se relações entre o surgimento de delegacias especializadas em atendimento à mulher e o movimento feminista e de mulheres no Brasil, sobretudo pelas lutas de reconhecimento da criminalização da violência contra a mulher pelo Estado brasileiro. O trabalho examina a idealização, a organização e o funcionamento da primeira delegacia especializada no país, na cidade de São Paulo - SP. A análise é realizada através de teoria sociológica das identidades, da ação social e das relações de gênero, passando pela discussão sobre a autoidentificação e questionamento do reconhecimento de agentes policiais femininas e vítimas.
MÃES NA GRADUAÇÃO: política e maternidade nas universidades públicas do Brasil
Authors: De Oliveira Tatiana Viana , De Souza Mirian Alves
Published: February 2021

O artigo trata dos desafios de conciliar maternidade e universidade, focando a graduação, a partir da pesquisa etnográfica desenvolvida junto aoColetivo de Mães da UFF, do qual fiz parte (2016- 2019) e, que buscou visibilidade, apoio às mães e a implementação de políticas públicas específicas à permanência na universidade. Relaciona-se a um movimento de “politização” da maternidade, propondo novas linguagens e negociações. Os movimentos feministas levaram a importantes reflexões sobre a sujeição das mulheres (inclusive maternidade), bem como sobre um possível lugar de emancipação delas. A produção antropológica sobre o tema da maternidade cresce a cada dia e, a partir do trabalho de campo desenvolvido (2018-2019), propõe-se uma reflexão sobre os desafios enfrentados em conciliar maternidade e estudar em uma universidade pública no Brasil.
A difusão de políticas internacionais para o empoderamento econômico das mulheres no Brasil durante o governo Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016)
Authors: De Oliveira Sabrina Moura , Schimanski Silvana
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho investiga se as diretrizes internacionais da ONU para o empoderamento econômico das mulheres, alinham-se com as políticas públicas com recorte de gênero implementadas no governo Dilma Rousseff, a partir do conceito de difusão internacional de políticas públicas (DOLOWITZ, MARSH, 2000; ZAEI, 2014; BERNARDO, 2016; FARIA, 2018). Por meio da abordagem qualitativa, foi criado um quadro analítico-interpretativo, a fim de identificar, na primeira seção, os conceitos e instrumentos internacionais que poderiam representar fontes de difusão de políticas internacionais. E, na segunda, as leis pró gênero promulgadas entre 2011 e 2016, bem como a norma específica sobre empoderamento econômico das mulheres e compará-la com as resoluções internacionais acerca do tema. A análise considera que instrumentos internacionais difundiram, via emulação (DOLOWITZ, MARSH, 2000), objetivos políticos para a lei adotada no Brasil, em 2013, a qual visa a promoção do empoderamento econômico de mulheres.
A discussão sobre políticas de licenças parentais no Brasil: Caminhos possíveis e desafios
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda Sena , Nascimento Janaína Xavier
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho visa analisar as políticas de licenças maternidade e paternidade no Brasil, bem como a possível adoção de uma licença parental no país, usando como comparativo os modelos da Suécia, país pioneiro na adoção de tal política, e de países latino-americanos, como Cuba, Chile e Uruguai. A partir de revisão bibliográfica e análise de documentos bem como estudo de dados estatísticos, busca-se compreender de que forma a adoção de uma licença parental no Brasil seria benéfica para a diminuição das desigualdades de gênero. Conclui-se que apesar da resistência da implementação da medida por segmentos sociais alinhados a um discurso mais conservador, a mesma teria impactos positivos, vide os modelos de outros países analisados e seus resultados, proporcionando uma diminuição na divisão sexual do trabalho e progressivamente promovendo mudanças culturais para que as próximas gerações tenham condições de gênero mais equitativas.
Quando gênero vira “ideologia”: entendendo o discurso de negação dos direitos humanos de minorias socialmente excluídas
Authors: Lazarini Lorena Betina , De Queiroz Marisse Costa
Published: February 2021

Esse analisa a influência de discursos conservadores que negam a existência e a efetivação, por meio da educação, de direitos humanos complexos, compreendidos na categoria dos direitos sexuais e dos direitos reprodutivos. O objetivo é fazer um levantamento das notícias divulgadas nos meios de comunicação e mídias sociais por organizações que utilizam o termo “ideologia de gênero” em seu discurso, a fim de descrever seus argumentos, fontes teóricas e fundamentos. Parte-se da concepção de que existe uma ordem de gênero, dirigido à normatização de comportamentos (CONNELL, 2015; BUTLER, 2012). Por meio de revisão da literatura e análise documental, os resultados da pesquisa apontam que os grupos que utilizam em seus discursos a expressão “ideologia de gênero” movimentam recursos materiais e simbólicos para legitimar uma concepção única e fechada de masculinidade e feminilidade, atacando direitos reconhecidos de grupos minoritários.
O feminismo na prática das mulheres agricultoras
Authors: Peralta Paula Eduarda Carloto , Teodoro Amanda Vieira , Piveta Ruth Tainá Aparecida
Published: February 2021

As mulheres camponesas no ocidente, não alcançadas por produções teóricas e acadêmicas urbanas e invisibilizadas por uma produção neoliberal de um feminismo hegemônico, vêm resistindo através de uma ação prática do feminismo em seu cotidiano. Agricultoras independentes ou pertencentes a movimentos sociais de luta pela terra, remodelam suas relações com a terra, com a coletividade e com a natureza, subvertendo relações patriarcais. Esse trabalho objetiva refletir sobre as microrrevoluções realizadas por mulheres neste contexto, através da análise da entrevista de uma mulher camponesa integrante do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra, a fim de compreender como se dá a prática de luta destas mulheres e contribuir com os saberes sobre os feminismos das mulheres camponesas, com o intuíto de visibiliza-las. As reflexões partem da perspectiva teórica de Félix Guattari e Suely Rolnik no livro Micropolítica: Cartografias do Desejo e do feminismo comunitário, proposto por Lorena Cabnal em Feminismos diversos: el feminismo comunitario.
Gênero e o ato infracional
Authors: Inocentes Pollyana Gonçalves dos
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em apresentar as reflexões iniciais da Pesquisa em andamento intitulada “Adolescências, Gênero e o Atendimento Socioeducativo: estudo sobre a reprodução das relações sociais de gênero no Centro Socioeducativo Florescer em São Luís – MA”. A produção parte de uma perspectiva crítica e dialética, utilizando como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em livros, artigos, legislações e documentos normativos que abordam a temática. Os resultados demonstraram que as adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas de privação de liberdade são quantitativamente menos representativas em relação ao universo dos adolescentes do gênero masculino, o que inviabiliza a formulação de políticas públicas que contemple as especificidades do gênero.
Limites e Possibilidades da Democracia no Ciberespaço
Authors: Silva Mayara Larissa Benatti da
Published: February 2021

A militância online realizada a partir das redes sociais potencializa discursos pessoais com o intuito de desabafar, denunciar e refletir. Dentre as redes sociais utilizadas, o Twitter possui grande destaque para o ativismo feminista em campanhas com uso de hashtags. Apresentamos um estudo sobre as hashtags #MeToo e #DeixaElaTrabalhar, as quais nasceram após casos de abuso e assédio sexual e o conteúdo delas gira em torno da exposição destes ocorridos, a partir de relatos pessoais. Além da análise documental, apresentamos pesquisa empírica com entrevistadas de Maringá-PR e região e buscamos responder a seguinte pergunta: como acontece a circulação de ideias feministas no ciberespaço? Discorremos sobre a quebra do silenciamento histórico das mulheres, diminuição de custos/tempo, visibilidade de temas como assédio e abuso sexual, entre outras questões. Trazemos discussões sobre discurso de ódio, o conservadorismo no atual momento político e a dificuldade do feminismo dialogar com todas as mulheres.
Queermuseu e o desvio necessário para pensarmos em uma nova política de representação
Authors: Xavier Girlainy Maia
Published: February 2021

Neste trabalho é realizado um levantamento dos marcos que se perpassaram durante a exposição “Queermuseu: cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira”, duramente censurada por grupos políticos e religiosos. A partir de um pensamento queer proposto pela mesma, em seu formato curatorial, são levantadas questões sobre as políticas de representação e a possibilidade de repensá-las através de um desvio às normas já estabelecidas pelas instituições, tendo em vista o caráter colonizador presente nelas, afiliados ao eurocentrismo, que tendem a responder de forma excludente, a fim de trazer para o debate novos olhares e a inclusão democrática de grupos minoritários excluídos nesses âmbitos.
"Também vou falar da minha história":
Authors: Araújo Clara Santos Henriques de
Published: February 2021

A Unidade de Acolhimento Lélia Gonzalez é um equipamento da Secretaria de Assistência Social e Direitos Humanos de Niterói que recebe mulheres e famílias em situação de rua, em sua maioria negra. Este texto pretende fazer um relato de experiência da construção de atividades sobre feminismo e negritude propostas por e para acolhidas. No acolhimento, o fazer do psicólogo, tão disposto a escutar sem dar caminhos prontos, se confronta com a necessidade de tomar atitudes que respondem ao ritmo e às regras institucionais, sem necessariamente considerar o sujeito. Frente a essa dificuldade, como construir uma prática? A partir de demandas trazidas por uma acolhida, abriu-se um espaço, em forma de rodas de conversa e oficinas, para que as próprias acolhidas trouxessem seus interesses e histórias. Os encontros têm adesão das acolhidas, que seguem trazendo propostas de temas. Quanto a prática psi, segue sendo tecida no possível da política pública.
Direitos sexuais e prostituição
Authors: Campos Carla Beatriz
Published: February 2021

A pesquisa em andamento tem como objetivo compreender o processo de construção de uma agenda de direitos sexuais para prostitutas, a partir da realização de pesquisa de campo em um serviço de saúde especializado em DSTs/Aids que atenda essa população. O presente texto representa um esforço inicial de apreender a trajetória histórica pela qual passou a prostituição no Brasil, e a sua relação com os direitos sexuais. Para tanto, busca-se abordar algumas das principais discursividades construídas sobre a prostituição ao longo século XX e até a atualidade, com especial foco nos discursos advindos dos campos biomédicos e jurídico/legal.
O atendimento a mulheres com deficiência auditiva em situação de violência doméstica: relato de experiência
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Lima , Monteschio Beatriz Ady Fiorini , Silva Lorena Maria da
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem enquanto objetivo apresentar e analisar a proposta de atendimento a mulheres com deficiência auditiva em situação de violência, a partir dos estudos da interdisciplinaridade e interseccionalidade em um núcleo de atendimento a mulheres em situação de violência doméstica. A fim de alcançar este propósito, apresentaremos a trajetória traçada para a efetivação das parcerias que possibilitaram desenvolver uma atuação com vistas à integralidade das demandas. Elaboramos um trabalho de caráter bibliográfico, tendo como base os estudos a respeito da interdisciplinaridade e da interseccionalidade para compreensão das especificidades da violência contra as mulheres com deficiência auditiva. Enquanto resultados vislumbrados, estão o fortalecimento do Núcleo como porta aberta para mulheres com deficiência auditiva denunciarem as violências vivenciadas e terem acesso aos seus direitos, a consolidação da parceria, capacitação da equipe, solidificação e materialização das práxis interdisciplinar e interseccional.
Movimento feminista negro no país da democracia racial e da [des]igualdade
Authors: Sousa Clerislânia De Albuquerque
Published: February 2021

Este estudo pretende fazer uma abordagem bibliográfica acerca do feminismo negro e da sua importância no Brasil. Historicamente, o nosso país é marcado pelo legado da escravidão e as consequências mesmo após a abolição da escravatura são percebidas na atualidade. A ideia de que no Brasil a escravidão foi mais branda e que seus reflexos não são percebidos só ratifica com a ideia de que o mito da democracia racial foi uma ilusão a fim de esconder uma das maiores marcas da história do Brasil. Nesse contexto, este estudo pretende apresentar a importância do feminismo negro no que tange dar o protagonismo e o espaço que as mulheres negras merecem. O estudo revelou que o movimento feminista negro está em avanço, apesar das inúmeras barreiras,  porém, a busca pelo seu espaço é um processo contínuo e permanente, visto que o Brasil e suas raízes históricas são configuradas pelo racismo.
Versando identidade e negritude
Authors: Dos Santos Medina Alessandra Guimarães , Rezende Wânia
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho tem a finalidade de pensar a categoria da identidade, considerando aspectos da nacionalidade e , também enquanto identidades que refletem determinados grupos sociais, nesse caso, meninas e meninos de ancestralidade negra.Para isso será feito uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da categoria de identidade. Além disso,na tentativa de aferir aspectos sobre a formação da identidade esta pesquisa tem a propositura de apresentar uma análise sobre aspectos culturais marcados pelo consumo, considerando o tecido social que compõe nossa sociedade. Para isso, foi realizada a técnica de Grupo Focal com jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio, da rede estadual pública do município de Mandaguari. Essa pesquisa pretende elencar a relevância e contribuições, das relações sociais estabelecidas no espaço escolar para o constructo de formação das identidades, notoriamente atravessada pelo consumo.
Earthquake prediction
Authors: Evison F. F.
Published: February 2021

The study of precursory phenomena shows increasing promise as a basis for earthquake prediction. Long-range forecasting can be expected to reduce by a large factor the uncertainty of estimates based on the historical record, and also to facilitate the development of short-range forecasting. The testing of prediction methods for reliability poses special problems. Earthquake forecasting will be much affected in practice by the social and economic implications of forecasts as such, and also by the relative implications of failures and false alarms, as well as successes.
The Translation of Adverbial Beta Clause Functions by Using Google Translate
Authors: Hamood Muhammed Ibrahim , Al-Bagoa Mahmood Abdul Khaliq
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on the translation of the English adverbial clause from English into Arabic. The first main purpose of this research is to investigate how the English adverbial beta clause functions are rendered into the Arabic texts by using “Google Translate”. The second objective is to preserve the English adverbial beta clause meaning in the target texts throughout of translation process by using “Google Translate”.

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The selected date is collected from the English novel, “The Old Man and the Sea” which is written by American writer, Hemingway and its translation in Arabic translation by “Google Translate”. The study adopted Halliday’s theory of functional grammar and Newmark’s theory of semantic and communicative translation as a model for analyzing the selected data.

The findings revealed that there are some deviations of the English adverbial clause in the translation process, such as adding new elements or removing existing elements from the source text in Google Translate’s rendering of the data. These deviations have affected the conveyance of the adverbial beta clause intended meaning in the target text.
Revisiting the status of labialised consonants in contemporary Amharic
Authors: Ado Derib
Published: February 2021

Though a lot of studies have been conducted on Amharic, studies on its phonology are very few and even those studies do not agree on the number and inventory of Amharic consonant phonemes. This study argues that there are 19 labialised Amharic phonemes. The study argues that overgeneralization of labialisation and loss of /w/ cannot account for all the occurrences of labialised consonants in Amharic. Minimal pair test and derivation of agentive and adjutative forms are presented as evidences to show the phonemic status of labialised consonants in Amharic.
Den herre språkdama på de derre tekstlabben
Authors: Eide Kristin Melum , Julien Marit , Jenstad Tor Erik
Published: February 2021

Complex demonstratives consist of a definite element (in Norwegian e.g. den or sa) followed by a deictic element which can be proximal (‘here’) or distal (‘there’). In Norwegian there is much variation in complex demonstratives, in particular in the dialects. Many dialects have demonstrative systems that differ considerably from the systems found in the standard varieties Nynorsk and Bokmål. Some systems make more distinctions than the standard varieties, for example nominative and dative case, or different forms for deictic and anaphor-ic reference, whereas other systems make fewer distinctions than the standard varieties, for example with an invariant deictic element that does not agree with the head noun in gender and number. We illustrate these systems using older and newer corpus data from different parts of the country. Our focus is however on dialects from Central Norway.
Unges dialektbrug i bygden Sandur på Færøerne
Authors: Jacobsen Jógvan í Lon
Published: February 2021

In this article, dialect changes and variation among young schoolchildren in the island of Sandoy in the Faroe Islands are discussed. The fieldwork was made by a group of students at the University of the Faroe Islands in November 2019 under the guidance of this article’s author. The informants are two groups of 10 and 15 year old schoolchildren. By examining the young generation, we can get information about the ‘state of health’ of the dialect. Here three dialectal variables are examined: (i) The variation of definite and indefinite form of words for family members, for instance the dialectal form mamman ‘the mother’ and the Central Faroese form mamma ‘mother’; (ii) Personal and possessive pronouns in 1st and 2nd person plural in oblique case, for instance the dialect form [o:gʊn] ‘us’ and the Central Faroese form [ɔʰk:ʊn] ‘us’; (iii) The pronunciation of short ó with the dialectal variant [ɔ] and the Central Faroese form [œ], for instance [fɔlk] resp. [fœlk] ‘people’.

The first variable shows clearly a tendency towards dialect change in the young generation: the indefinite forms are much more frequent than the dialect counterpart. The use of the pronouns shows a relatively high degree of variation: the dialect forms are more frequently used by the 10 than the 15 year old pupils. The pronunciation of short ó shows variation to a large extent. Here we see the same pattern as we saw for variable 2: the youngest pupils are more likely to use the dialect¬al form [ɔ] than the older ones. On the other hand, variation is much more common in the group of 15 year old pupils.

This study shows both stability and change in the dialect of children in Sandoy: Stability in use of the dialectal forms of the personal and possessive pro¬nouns, and variation and change in the two other variables. In a couple of years an underwater tunnel will connect the island of Sandoy with the central part of the islands. In a future scenario this dialect study opens the possibility for comparative studies of the dialect of Sandoy before and after the opening of the tunnel.
Object inversion in Icelandic and the Risamálheild Corpus
Authors: Jónsson Jóhannes Gísli
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses Object Inversion in Icelandic syntax, i.e. examples where the direct object precedes the indirect object (DO-IO orders) in active clauses. In contrast to the neutral IO-DO order, Object Inversion is incredibly rare with most ditransitive verbs and more or less restricted to ditransitive verbs in the DAT-ACC class. This is shown by extensive searches in the new Risamálheild Corpus. These searches also show that Object Inversion strongly favors examples where the DO encodes old information and is phonologically lighter than the following IO. These results yield new and important insights into the study of Object Inversion but also confirm earlier claims in the literature.
Morphophonological variation in Norwegian negative marker enclisis
Authors: Torgersen Henrik , Garbacz Piotr
Published: February 2021

The study looks at 4 variants of negative clitics in Norwegian, how frequently they are used and which types of verbs they combine with. Using corpora of spoken Norwegian, we look at how diffierent variants of the negative clitics vary in frequency of use and how each variant is constrained by the form of the verbs they cliticize to. In particular, we look at the preceding vowel interact with the negative clitic and how this interaction relates to the previous literature on Norwegian negative clitics.
Optimization of Lift-Curve Slope for Wing-Fuselage Combination
Authors: Frolov Vladimir
Published: February 2021

The paper presents results obtained by the author for wing-body interference. The lift-curve slopes of the wing-body combinations are considered. A 2D potential model for cross-flow around the fuselage and a discrete vortex method (DVM) are used. Flat wings of various forms and the circular and elliptical cross sections of the fuselage are considered. It was found that the value of the lift-curve slopes of the wing-body combinations may exceed the same value for an isolated wing. An experimental and theoretical data obtained by other authors earlier confirm this result. Investigations to optimize the wing-body combination were carried within the framework of the proposed model. It was revealed that the maximums of the lift-curve slopes for the optimal midwing configuration with elliptical cross-section body had a sufficiently large relative width (more than 30% of the span wing). The advantage of the wing-fuselage combination with a circular cross section over an isolated wing for wing aspect ratio greater than 6 can reach 7.5% at the relative diameter of fuselage equal to approximately 0.2.
Temporary Works in Construction of Bridges Near Third Party Assets
Authors: Kasi V. Prakhya Ganga
Published: February 2021

This paper gives a summary of the temporary works and methods applied to enable the construction of bridges near third party assets. The temporary structures have a significant impact on the cost, construction method and construction safety of the supported permanent structures. In the literature, there are many examples of how the temporary works could fail catastrophically and could endanger public life if hazard identification, risk assessment and quality checks are not carried out by competent people or organisations. A brief literature survey of the construction techniques is outlined here. This paper looks at more recent failures and draws some more lessons with a re-emphasis on the use of industry established processes, guidelines for preventing catastrophic events. The paper also describes case histories, where mitigation measures are implemented in order to ensure safety by means of independent checks, monitoring and back analysis.
Management of Maritime Pine: Energetic Potential with Alternative Silvicultural Guidelines
Authors: Fonseca Teresa , Lousada José
Published: February 2021

The interest in the use of energy of the forests has been increasing in recent decades. Biomass has the potential to provide a cost-effective and sustainable supply of renewable energy. Moreover, it could be valuable for reducing the severity of forest fires and create employment in extremely needy regions. This chapter brings to discuss the effect of forest management on the potential of energy provided by the woodlands. The authors selected as a case study the management of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), an important softwood species in the southwest of Europe and, in particular, in Portugal where it represents around 22% of the forest area. A summary of traditional and new silvicultural guidelines for the species, used or proposed to be followed at the national level, is presented. The study follows with the evaluation of stand yield and the potential of energy associated with four alternative silvicultural guidelines. Two scenarios follow traditional standards (an initial density of 1100–1200 trees/ha), while the other two consider managing a high density stand (an initial density of 40,000 trees/ha). Simulations were performed with the ModisPinaster model. The results show that the new designs provide a considerable yield in terms of biomass and energy.
Review of Aquatic Biodiversity Dynamics in the Okavango Delta: Resilience in a Highly Fluctuating Environment
Authors: Quetina Mosepele Belda , Mosepele Ketlhatlogile
Published: February 2021

Wetlands are key ecosystems of high biological diversity that provide valuable ecosystem services. These are particularly important in water stressed semi-arid countries, which enhances their vulnerability to degradation. The Okavango Delta, a key wetland in Botswana, is characterised by dynamic inter and intra specific interactions. There are dynamic biotic and abiotic interactions in the system that enhances its resilience. The flood pulse is the main factor mediating bio-physical dynamics in this system. Despite the various perturbations that have been experienced in the system, the Delta has always been able to absorb them and retain its character at the general ecosystem level. These notwithstanding, there have been some changes at the local scale where the Delta has shifted regimes and entered into altered states as a consequence of either channel or lagoon failure. Management of these systems should ensure that their dynamic characteristics are maintained, and this is enshrined within the panarchy concept. Adopting the resilience framework in natural resources management allows for flexibility in devising management strategies to respond to future unexpected events.
Sustainability Route for Industry 4.0: The Future of Global Circular Economic Transition
Authors: Chandran Sreedevi Smitha , Mohammed Salahudeen Razim
Published: February 2021

The traditional linear models have proved to be ineffective in perspective of the limited resources of the earth and there is an intensifying stress on the resource side due to the ever-rising global population. Moreover, this results in the unsustainable and inefficient consumption of natural resources, increasing costs of commodities and volatility in the markets, which are unaffordable for the manufacturing base of our economy. The current business models based on the traditional economic policies are not only blindly followed globally but they also neglect the organizational specifics. The circular economy or closed-loop economy is an approach in which the waste or residuals from an industry can be used as raw material for another industry there by reducing the demand on earth’s natural resources. The expected ultimate goal of this circular system is the reduction of gap between the organizational characteristics like profitability, organizational structure and decision making policies, market position and the adoption of circular economic practices.
Is Apoptosis a Diagnostic Marker of Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Piro Francesca R. , di Gioia Cira R. T. , Gallo Pietro , Giordano Carla , d'Amati Giulia
Published: February 2021

Objective.—To investigate and quantify the presence of apoptosis in early myocardial ischemia in humans.

Methods.—Histologic sections from the left and right ventricles of 16 hearts with impending myocardial infarction were stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and with antibodies to p53, bcl-2, cpp32, FAS, FAS-L, and bax. DNA electrophoretic analysis was also performed.

Results.—According to the inclusion criteria, all 16 cases showed morphologic changes consistent with ischemia and/or reperfusion. TUNEL results were positive in 14 of the 16 ischemic areas. Unexpectedly, they were also positive in “remote from ischemia” myocardium of both the left and right ventricles. DNA electrophoretic analysis confirmed the results of TUNEL. Immunohistochemistry was uniformly negative, probably because of autolysis phenomena.

Conclusions.—We showed that apoptosis precedes necrosis in humans, but the detection of apoptosis cannot be used as a diagnostic tool, since it can also be triggered by nonischemic events.
Gynecomastia-like Lesions in the Female Breast
Authors: Umlas Joel
Published: February 2021

Context.—Gynecomastia is an abnormal enlargement of the male breast, but the histopathologic abnormalities could theoretically be present in female breasts as well. To my knowledge, however, there have been no reports in the literature to date that have attributed a clinically or radiologically detectable mass in a female breast exclusively to the histopathologic findings seen in gynecomastia.

Objective.—The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings of 4 patients with lesions composed exclusively of the findings of gynecomastia, herein termed gynecomastia-like lesions, are presented and compared with those of 3 patients with lesser degrees of these changes, herein termed gynecomastia-like areas, which were incidental accompaniments to other lesions.

Setting.—During a 26-month interval, 1242 breast excisions (excluding needle biopsies or aspirates) were examined in a 170-bed, acute-care, community–medical school teaching hospital.

Results.—Four patients had gynecomastia-like lesions varying from 1 to 3 cm in greatest dimension with histopathologic features showing the changes of gynecomastia exclusively. Two patients had clinically palpable masses. Two other patients had masses detected only by mammography. One postmenopausal patient was taking estrogen/progesterone replacement medication. Two of the 3 others were not taking birth control pills, and none had a clinical endocrinopathy. Thus far, none of the lesions have recurred. The 3 patients with gynecomastia-like areas were diagnosed separately with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fibroadenoma, and lipoma.

Conclusions.—Pathologists should be aware that clinically palpable or radiologically detected masses in female breasts may be composed exclusively of the histopathologic findings of gynecomastia.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome Secondary to Capnocytophaga canimorsus Septicemia and Demonstration of Bacteremia by Peripheral Blood Smear
Authors: Mirza Imran , Wolk John , Toth Lajos , Rostenberg Peter , Kranwinkel Ramon , Sieber Steven C.
Published: February 2021

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia was fatal in a previously healthy 47-year-old woman. The patient died suddenly in less than 12 hours after presentation, in spite of supportive measures, including ventilation, antibiotic coverage, pressor therapy, and multiple transfusions of blood products. The diagnosis of infection due to an unusual organism was suspected earlier in the course of management after review of the peripheral blood smear. The importance of the findings in the blood smear and their correlation with infection due to this organism are discussed.
Chromosome 22q11 Deletion Complicated by Dissecting Pulmonary Arterial Aneurysm and Jejunal Atresia in an Infant
Authors: Yamanaka Shoji , Tanaka Yukichi , Kawataki Motoyoshi , Ijiri Rieko , Imaizumi Kiyoshi , Kurahashi Hiroki
Published: February 2021

We present an autopsy case of a 46-day-old male infant with chromosome 22q11 deletion, which is considered the primary cause of several diseases, including DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome. The patient had 2 notable congenital abnormalities: multiple dissecting pulmonary arterial aneurysms distributed in both lungs and multiple jejunal atresia with apple-peel deformity. The former, a very rare pathologic condition especially in infancy, was found incidentally at autopsy and was the primary cause of death. To our knowledge, neither of these lesions has been reported previously in a patient with chromosome 22q11 deletion.
Carcinosarcoma of the Liver
Authors: Nomura Kouichi , Aizawa Shigeo , Ushigome Shinichiro
Published: February 2021

An autopsy case of carcinosarcoma of the liver in an 84-year-old man is described. The 14 × 6-cm solid tumor was located in the hilus to the left lobe and was grayish-white with some translucent areas. Histologically, the tumor consisted of an intimate mixture of adenocarcinomatous and chondrosarcomatous elements with transitional areas in between. Immunohistochemically, cells of the adenocarcinomatous elements were positive for cytokeratin but negative for S100 protein, whereas cells of the chondrosarcomatous elements showed the reverse staining pattern. Cells of transitional areas were positive for both cytokeratin and S100 protein. Most previously reported cases of carcinosarcoma of the liver have involved elderly men and have had a poor prognosis. The findings of the present case support the view that carcinosarcomas represent carcinomas that develop a sarcomatous element via metaplasia of the epithelial element.
Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies
Authors: Klee George G.
Published: February 2021

Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) are human immunoglobulins with specificity for mouse immunoglobulins. This topic currently is of interest because of the increased use of monoclonal mouse antibodies as diagnostic reagents both for in vitro laboratory measurements and for in vivo imaging studies. Monoclonal mouse antibodies also are being used therapeutically. This short article reviews the production of HAMA in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies and illustrates the potential ways that HAMA can interfere with immunoassay measurements. Methods for measuring and neutralizing HAMA also are discussed.
Alveolar Hemorrhage and Renal Microangiopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hughson Michael D. , He Zhi , Henegar Jeffrey , McMurray Robert
Published: February 2021

Context.—Acute alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus usually occurs as a pulmonary-renal syndrome. In most cases, the lungs show “bland” alveolar hemorrhage with little or no inflammation. Whether this alveolar injury is similar to the better-defined noninflammatory renal lupus vasculopathy is unresolved.

Objectives.—To investigate the relationships and the mechanisms of small vascular injury in the lung and kidney of 2 lupus patients who died of diffuse AH.

Methods.—We investigated the relationship of AH to immune complex deposition in the lungs of 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and correlated the findings with glomerular and vascular disease in the kidney. Lung and kidney were studied by light, immunofluorescence, and/or electron microscopy; apoptosis was investigated using in situ nick-end labeling.

Results.—The clinical course of 2 patients was complicated by alveolar hemorrhage, and the lungs of these patients revealed alveolar wall immune complex deposits and bland alveolar hemorrhage. These 2 patients had World Health Organization class IV lupus nephritis and renal arterioles involved by a noninflammatory lupus vasculopathy. Apoptosis was identified in the lupus microangiopathy and in alveolar walls within areas of alveolar hemorrhage. Alveolar wall immune complex deposits were not found in 4 patients who had a lupus glomerulonephritis but did not have renal lupus vasculopathy. Apoptosis was not seen in renal arterioles or lungs of these 4 cases, except in areas of diffuse alveolar damage or herpesvirus pneumonia.

Conclusions.—Our findings indicate that alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by bland alveolar wall changes, is pathogenetically similar to the lupus microangiopathy of the kidney. In both lung and kidney, the pathogenesis of the microvascular injury appears to be related to immune complex deposition and the induction of apoptosis.
Primary High-Grade Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue–Type Lymphoma of the Cervix Presenting as a Common Endocervical Polyp
Authors: Rossi Giulio , Bonacorsi Goretta , Longo Lucia , Artusi Tullio , Rivasi Francesco
Published: February 2021

Lymphomas of the uterine cervix are uncommon neoplasms and typically appear as diffuse cervical enlargement. We describe a rare case of primary high-grade lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the uterine cervix in a 46-year-old white woman. The tumor, incidentally disclosed at gynecological examination, appeared as a single common polyp. Immunohistochemical investigation found the lesion to consist of a monomorphic CD20-positive infiltrate of large blasts and rare intermingling centrocyte-like lymphoid cells. A dense area of monotypic (λ light-chain restriction) plasma cells was found beneath the endocervical mucosa; only a few scattered lymphoepithelial lesions were present. The neoplastic cells did not stain for CD5, CD10, CD23, CD43, or cyclin D1. A bone marrow biopsy displayed a paratrabecular, centrocyte-like B-cell infiltration, but no lymphadenopathy was detected by instrumental examination (computed tomographic scan, magnetic resonance imaging). The tumor was successfully treated by multiagent chemotherapy followed by total hysterectomy. To our knowledge, this case represents the second reported example of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue–type lymphoma occurring in the uterine cervix. We highlight the very unusual gross appearance of this case and emphasize the difficulty of interpreting lymphoid infiltrates in the lower genital tract by microscopy.
Effects of Pentasaccharide (Fondaparinux) and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors on Coagulation Testing
Authors: Gosselin Robert C. , King Jeffrey H. , Janatpur Kim A. , Dager William H. , Larkin Edward C. , Owings John T.
Published: February 2021

Context.—Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and fondaparinux represent a new class of anticoagulants. The effects of DTIs on activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time measurements have been reported previously, but there are limited data on the impact of these anticoagulants on other coagulation tests.

Objective.—To determine the effects of fondaparinux and 3 DTIs (argatroban, bivalirudin, and lepirudin) on miscellaneous coagulation tests.

Design.—Bivalirudin, lepirudin, argatroban, and fondaparinux were added to pooled normal plasma and tested for fibrinogen, antithrombin (thrombin and Xa substrate methods), plasminogen, protein C (clot and chromogenic methods), protein S, von Willebrand factor, D-dimer, lupus anticoagulant testing (dilute Russell viper venom test [DRVVT] with ratio), and factors II, IX, and X activities.

Results.—We found no drug interference on antithrombin, plasminogen, chromogenic protein C, von Willebrand factor, or D-dimer results. All DTIs falsely decreased fibrinogen values, while falsely increasing protein C and protein S levels. All DTIs prolonged the DRVVT, and only argatroban yielded DRVVT ratios less than 1.2. Lepirudin demonstrated no effect on factor II activity, and only argatroban demonstrated decreased factor X activity. All DTI samples demonstrated a linear, dose-dependent, false decrease of factor IX activity.

Conclusions.—Using in vitro methods, we demonstrated DTI effects on numerous clot-based assays, but we found no interference with latex agglutination, chromogenic, or platelet aggregation methods. Fondaparinux only affected measurement of protein S activity. Caution must be used when interpreting coagulation test results on patients receiving these drugs.
Splenic Rupture: A Rare Presentation of Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Smith Wendy M. , Lucas Joel G. , Frankel Wendy L.
Published: February 2021

Context.—Splenic rupture secondary to solid malignancy is an infrequent complication that usually occurs late in the progression of a previously diagnosed cancer. In rare instances, splenic rupture precipitates the discovery of an unsuspected pancreatic carcinoma. We report 2 cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in which the patients presented with splenic rupture.

Objectives.—To review the clinicopathologic features of splenic rupture due to pancreatic carcinoma and to increase awareness of malignancy as a possible etiology for atraumatic splenic rupture.

Design.—We reviewed the clinical and pathologic data from 2 patients. A literature search was conducted to identify previous reports of splenic rupture associated with pancreatic cancer. We summarized the characteristics of the earlier cases and compared them with those of our patients.

Results.—We found only 4 previous reports of splenic rupture preceding the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In 3 of these cases, the pancreatic carcinoma grossly invaded the spleen at the time of resection. In contrast, malignancy was not suspected as the etiology of the rupture in our patients until histologic examination of the resected spleen revealed carcinoma.

Conclusion.—Splenic rupture is an unusual presentation of cancer of the pancreas, and to our knowledge only 4 cases have been reported previously in the literature. Although an underlying malignancy is relatively rare, spleens resected for atraumatic rupture should be carefully examined for possible neoplastic etiologies.
Bilirubin Proficiency Testing Using Specimens Containing Unconjugated Bilirubin and Human Serum: Results of a College of American Pathologists Study
Authors: Lo Stanley F. , Doumas Basil T. , Ashwood Edward R.
Published: February 2021

Context.—Specimens of the College of American Pathologists Neonatal Bilirubin and Chemistry surveys are inadequate for evaluating the performance of clinical laboratories in measuring serum bilirubin because they exhibit strong matrix interference. Recently published data indicate that at least 1 major clinical analyzer provided inaccurate bilirubin values for Neonatal Bilirubin Survey specimens. The composition of the specimens, bovine serum enriched with ditaurobilirubin, was responsible for the erroneous results.

Objective.—This article evaluates the performance of major clinical analyzers using a survey specimen free of matrix interference.

Design.—A human serum–based specimen enriched solely with unconjugated bilirubin was included in the 2003 Neonatal Bilirubin and Chemistry surveys. Its bilirubin concentration (19.4 mg/dL [332 μmol/L]) was determined by the reference method for total bilirubin.

Results.—The coefficients of variation for the 4 major clinical analyzers (Dimension, Hitachi, Synchron, and Vitros) ranged from 1.9% to 3.7%. When compared to the bilirubin value measured by the reference method, mean bilirubin values of the 4 major clinical analyzers and College of American Pathologists (CAP) All Data (which refers to the grand mean and overall coefficient of variation of all method principles, all instruments according to CAP terminology) ranged from −3.5% to 5.1%. Direct bilirubin results from most field methods showed good specificity overall.

Conclusion.—Human serum–based survey specimens, having their bilirubin concentrations determined by the reference method, should be included as frequently as feasible in the Neonatal Bilirubin Survey. Such specimens may be used by instrument manufacturers as standards for calibrating bilirubin methods and for assigning values to calibrators provided to instrument users. A substantial improvement in bilirubin measurements due to the reduction of systematic error is expected.