bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternal delivery experiences and breastfeeding practices in China: data from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Jinyue , Gao Mingyue , Wei Zhuang , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Fewtrell Mary
Published: February 2022

Background

The COVID-2019 pandemic has placed extensive pressure on health systems and posed a severe public health challenge worldwide. Lockdown measures implemented in many countries have delayed virus spread. However, a considerable number of people have faced unprecedented pressure, especially pregnant and breast-feeding women, because face-to-face professional support has been reduced during the lockdown in many countries.

Objectives

To compare the delivery and infant feeding experiences of women who delivered before (BL) versus during (DL) the Covid-19 pandemic in Beijing, China and to investigate predictors of breastfeeding at 6-months.

Methods

Women aged ≥18 years with an infant ≤18 months of age completed an anonymous survey. Information/links were shared online and via local clinics in Beijing. Logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of breastfeeding during the first 6-months.

Results

One thousand eight hundred seven women provided data; BL 1231 (68.1%), DL 576 (31.9%). Significantly more mothers in DL group reported the lockdown had moderate to high impact to their household income (p = 0.013) and the convenience of purchasing daily necessities(p = 0.014). Compared to BL mothers, significantly more mothers in the DL groups thought their birth location and breastfeeding intention had been effected by the COVID-19 (p < 0.001, p = 0.036 respectively). Mostly breastfeeding (MBF, mainly breastfeeding with few non-formula fluids added) at 6 months was predicted by delivery during the lockdown period (OR1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08, 1.90), younger maternal age (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.93, 0.99), getting support from friends or relatives (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.06, 3.59), and discussing health issues in online groups > four times a week (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.09, 2.53).

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures influenced mothers’ planned birth location and breastfeeding intention. However, breastfeeding practice was maintained during the pandemic. Our results highlight the importance of feeding support as well as potential beneficial effects of increased mother-infant contact during the lockdown period which is relevant even under normal circumstances.
A step in the right direction: Delphi consensus on a UK and Australian paediatric podiatry curriculum
Authors: Reay Julie , Williams Cylie , Nester Chris , Morrison Stewart C.
Published: February 2022

Background

Previous research shows considerable variation in pre-registration paediatric podiatry curricula, and thus the clinical skills realised prior to graduation. Whilst pre-registration training is guided by regulatory bodies, these high level principles only refer briefly to standards in paediatric practice. An estimated 9% of podiatry caseloads in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia are dedicated to paediatric service provision. Therefore, it is imperative that curricula support the consistent development of paediatric practice enabling newly registered podiatrists to work safely and effectively with children. Given that the global healthcare work force provides unique opportunities to explicitly align international curricula, the aim of this study was to determine the priorities for a UK and Australian binational pre-registration paediatric podiatry curriculum.

Methods

A four round modified Delphi design was employed to ascertain consensus and agreement of a panel of experts with a special interest in paediatrics working in the UK and Australia. Round 1 contained open questions designed to promote diverse responses on the broad topics of lecturer experience and curriculum organisation and delivery. The answers from Round 1 were developed, through content analysis, into a series of statements presented to the panel for agreement in Rounds 2, 3 and 4.

Results

Of the 297 statements generated following Round 1, 183 were accepted and 114 rejected by the end of Round 4. 109 of the accepted statements related to curriculum content. Participants also agreed on areas relating to lecturer experience, clinical education, and assessment of paediatric skills.

Conclusions

This study is the first of its kind to describe elements of a curriculum for pre-registration podiatry training. The recommendations highlight opportunities that education providers can work towards during curriculum design. They also emphasise the collaboration that is needed between professional bodies, clinicians and higher education institutions when defining guidelines and expectations for paediatric specific skills.
Accurate training of the Cox proportional hazards model on vertically-partitioned data while preserving privacy
Authors: Kamphorst Bart , Rooijakkers Thomas , Veugen Thijs , Cellamare Matteo , Knoors Daan
Published: February 2022

Background

Analysing distributed medical data is challenging because of data sensitivity and various regulations to access and combine data. Some privacy-preserving methods are known for analyzing horizontally-partitioned data, where different organisations have similar data on disjoint sets of people. Technically more challenging is the case of vertically-partitioned data, dealing with data on overlapping sets of people. We use an emerging technology based on cryptographic techniques called secure multi-party computation (MPC), and apply it to perform privacy-preserving survival analysis on vertically-distributed data by means of the Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model. Both MPC and CPH are explained.

Methods

We use a Newton-Raphson solver to securely train the CPH model with MPC, jointly with all data holders, without revealing any sensitive data. In order to securely compute the log-partial likelihood in each iteration, we run into several technical challenges to preserve the efficiency and security of our solution. To tackle these technical challenges, we generalize a cryptographic protocol for securely computing the inverse of the Hessian matrix and develop a new method for securely computing exponentiations. A theoretical complexity estimate is given to get insight into the computational and communication effort that is needed.

Results

Our secure solution is implemented in a setting with three different machines, each presenting a different data holder, which can communicate through the internet. The MPyC platform is used for implementing this privacy-preserving solution to obtain the CPH model. We test the accuracy and computation time of our methods on three standard benchmark survival datasets. We identify future work to make our solution more efficient.

Conclusions

Our secure solution is comparable with the standard, non-secure solver in terms of accuracy and convergence speed. The computation time is considerably larger, although the theoretical complexity is still cubic in the number of covariates and quadratic in the number of subjects. We conclude that this is a promising way of performing parametric survival analysis on vertically-distributed medical data, while realising high level of security and privacy.
Today’s referral is tomorrow’s repeat patient: referrals to and between medical outpatient clinics in a hospital
Authors: Safi Mariam , Clay-Williams Robyn , Thude Bettina Ravnborg , Vaisman Julija , Brandt Frans
Published: February 2022

Background

Unnecessary referrals in Danish hospitals may be contributing to inefficient use of health services already stretched and under pressure and may lead to delayed treatment for patients. Despite a growing awareness in the literature and in practice of issues related to referrals, there has been relatively little research on referrals between specialists in hospital outpatient clinics and how it can be improved. This study aimed to describe the referral patterns to and within the Medical Department at the University Hospital of Southern Denmark. The Medical Department consists of the following medical specialist outpatient clinics; nephrology, pulmonology, endocrinology, cardiovascular, wound outpatient clinic, and a day hospital.

Methods

Two specialist physicians assessed all referrals to the medical specialist outpatient clinics over one month (from 01 September 2019 to 30 September 2019) using data drawn from the Danish electronic patient record system (Cosmic). Data on referral pattern, and patient age and sex, were statistically analysed to identify and characterise patterns of referral.

Results

Four hundred seventy-one (100%) referrals were included in the study. 49.5% (233) of the referrals were from the hospital and 50.5% (238) from general practitioners (GPs). Of the 233 referrals from the hospitals, 31% (72) were from the Medical Department.

Conclusion

The high rate of referrals (31%) from own Medical Department or outpatient clinics may reflect an inefficient internal referral process within the department. Improved collaboration between specialists could have the potential to improve health outcomes, timely access to care and more appropriate healthcare resource utilisation.
Therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Authors: Li Xintong , Wen Hao , Lv Junyuan , Luan Boyang , Meng Jinze , Gong Shiqiang , Wen Jie , Xin Shijie
Published: February 2022

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is life-threatening, surgical treatment is currently the only clinically available intervention for the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have presented eligible immunomodulatory and regenerative abilities which showed favorable therapeutic efficacy in various cardiovascular diseases. However, current evidence summarizing the effectiveness of MSCs for AAA is lacking. Thus, a meta-analysis and systematic review was necessary to be performed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for AAA in preclinical studies.

Methods

Comprehensive literature search restricted in English was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to Oct 2021. The primary outcomes were parameters about aortic diameter change during MSCs intervention. The secondary outcomes included elastin content and expression level of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Data were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. The meta package with random effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size and 95% confidence intervals in R (version 4.0.2).

Results

Meta-analysis of 18 included studies demonstrated that MSCs intervention has significant therapeutic effects on suppressing aortic diameter enlargement compared with the control group (diameter, SMD = − 1.19, 95% CI [− 1.47, − 0.91]; diameter change ratio, SMD = − 1.36, 95% CI [− 1.72, − 1.00]). Subgroup analysis revealed differences between MSCs and control group regarding to cell type, intervention route and cell compatibility. Moreover, the meta-analysis also showed that MSCs intervention had a significant effect on preserving aortic elastin content, reducing MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-2/9 and increasing TIMP-1/2 expression level compared with control group.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that MSC intervention is effective in AAA by suppressing aortic diameter enlargement, reducing elastin degradation, and modulating local immunoinflammatory reactions. These results are important for the systemic application of MSCs as a potential treatment candidate for AAA in further animal experiments and clinical trials.
Flurbiprofen inhibits cell proliferation in thyroid cancer through interrupting HIP1R-induced endocytosis of PTEN
Authors: Yang Nengli , Liang Yafeng , Yang Pei , Jiang Liuming
Published: February 2022

Background

The incidence of thyroid cancer, a most common tumor in the endocrine system, has increased in recent years. A growing number of studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms of thyroid cancer subtypes, aiming to identify effective therapeutic targets. Endocytosis is of vital significance in the malignant development of tumors, although its involvement in thyroid cancer has been rarely reported.

Methods

HIP1R expressions in thyroid cancer from the TCGA database were analyzed by UALCAN software. Thyroid epithelial and cancer cell lines were cultured in vitro. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were used to analyze protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. Immunofluorescence staining indicated protein distribution in cell. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to study protein–protein interaction. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze protein expression in clinical tissues. Differences between groups were compared using the two-tailed Student’s t test, and those among three or more groups were compared by one-way or two-way ANOVA.

Results

In the present study, HIP1R (Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1 Related) was found upregulated in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines compared with that in the controls, while knockdown of HIP1R significantly inhibited the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. Since HIP1R is essential for the clathrin-dependent endocytic process, we thereafter explored the effect of HIP1R on the endocytosis of thyroid cancer cells. Interestingly, knockdown of HIP1R significantly reduced the number of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) in thyroid cancer cells. In addition, the interaction between HIP1R and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) was identified in thyroid cancer cells. Knockdown of HIP1R downregulated intracellular PTEN in thyroid cancer cells, but upregulated membrane-binding PTEN. Notably, flurbiprofen, a commonly used analgesic, significantly inhibited the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells and interfered with the interaction between HIP1R and PTEN, thereby enhancing the binding of PTEN to cell membrane. However, the proliferation inhibitory effect of flurbiprofen was attenuated when knocking down HIP1R or PTEN.

Conclusions

Upregulated HIP1R in thyroid cancer cells promotes cell proliferation and mediates the endocytosis of PTEN. Flurbiprofen may exert an anti-tumor effect on thyroid cancer by blocking the interaction between HIP1R and PTEN.
Explanations for use of dietary- and muscle enhancing dietary supplements among university students: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Sundgot-Borgen Christine , Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Torstveit Monica Klungland , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn
Published: February 2022

Background

Use of dietary supplements (DS) and muscle enhancing dietary supplements (MEDS) is frequent among students despite the lack of evidence of effects and health risks related to consumption. We need to increase our understanding of students’ motivation, examine potential gender differences, and explore explanatory factors, to address preventive measures related to use. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the frequency of, and the reasons for, DS use among university students, as well as explanatory factors for use of MEDS.

Method

Male and female students from nine Norwegian universities participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants responded to questions about demographics, DS and MEDS use, internalization of body ideals, physical activity- and exercise level, motives for exercise, and exercise context. Independent t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, and logistic regression were used to investigate between group differences, associations, and explanatory factors for use, respectively. P-values ≤ 0.05 were defined as significant.

Results

A total of 1001 males (34%) and females, with a mean(sd) age of 24.21(4.76) years, participated. The frequency of DS use was 42% and 40% (p = .414) in males and females, respectively, in which more males than females used DS to improve physical or mental performance (p =  < .001), increase muscle mass (p =  < .001) and weight for health (p = .014), and improve appearance (p =  < .001). In males and females, respectively, 25% and 10% used MEDS (p =  < .001). In males, being a fitness center member (OR:3.80), exercising to improve muscle mass (OR:1.96), and a higher physical activity level (OR:1.09) positively explained MEDS use, while exercising to increase endurance (OR:0.49) and being an exercise science student (OR:0.47) negatively explained MEDS use. In females, internalizing the athletic body ideal (OR:1.78) and exercising to improve muscle mass (OR:1.74) positively explained MEDS use.

Conclusions

Our main findings indicate that a surprisingly high percentage of male and female Norwegian students use DS and MEDS, and that reasons for use, and variables explaining the variability in frequency of use, differ between genders. Longitudinal studies to investigate direction of associations are needed in future research.
Privilege travels: migration and labour market outcomes of Southern Italian graduates
Authors: Galos Diana Roxana
Published: February 2022

This paper contributes to the literature on social stratification by analysing the role of internal migration as a possible channel for the intergenerational transmission of inequality. While internal migration is associated with social mobility, it can also be used as a strategy of status maintenance among graduates from privileged backgrounds. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize whether internal migration for study or work, and subsequent labour market outcomes, are associated with social origins. Using a rich administrative and survey data set on a cohort of Italian graduates, findings show a substantive effect of social origins on graduates’ migration for study but not on migration for work. Finally, the results also more tentatively indicate that migration for study is one relevant path connecting social origins and income, thus emphasizing how privilege is not bound to place, but travels.
Stability evaluation of [18F]FDG: literature study, stability studies from two different PET centres and future recommendations
Authors: Holler Jes G. , Renmælmo Børge , Fjellaksel Richard
Published: February 2022

Background

The need for a stability evaluation of [18F]FDG is evident. The main purpose of this study was to make recommendations for determining the shelf life based on the available stability literature and our own two-centre stability studies.

Results

We performed a non-systematic literature study to find the most relevant stability data for [18F]FDG. The amount of radioactivity, radio-stabilizers, choice of synthesis, dilution, pH, temperature, storage and the choice of stability tests and acceptance criteria were the most important factors to evaluate for the implementation of good manufacturing practice. Moreover, we discuss some limitations of the study, especially the choice of synthesis, photostability, the environment, temperature and storage. Based on these data, we designed our own two-centre stability studies. All the defined acceptance criteria were met.

Conclusions

We have made recommendations for future stability evaluations based on our findings. The most important findings were that the amount of the radio-stabilizer ethanol should be > 0.1 % ethanol for activities up to 4 GBq/mL and > 0.2 % ethanol for activities up to 22.7 GBq/mL to keep [18F]FDG stable.
Comparison of healthfulness of conventional meats and edible insects in Sub-Saharan Africa using three nutrient profiling models
Authors: Weru Johnson , Chege Peter , Wanjoya Anthony , Kinyuru John
Published: February 2022

Background

Meat and meat products have been blamed for a myriad of problems facing human kind like lifestyle illnesses, environmental degradation, and climate change. Edible insects have been suggested as the suitable alternatives to conventional meats in order to ameliorate these drawbacks. Healthfulness is the ability for a given food to impart health benefits to the consumer. Evidence is however scanty on the healthfulness of both the meats and edible insects in order to have grounds for replacing meats with insects in the diet. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the healthfulness of meats and edible insects in Sub-Saharan Africa using modern nutrient profiling models.

Materials and methods

Nutritional data for meats and edible insects were obtained from Food Composition Tables (FCTs) and a systematic review, respectively. The data was applied to three nutrient profiling models: the WXYfm (Ofcom) model that was designed to regulate advertising of foods to children, the RRR (Ratio of Recommended to Restricted) model that assesses the ratio of positive to negative nutrients in foods, and the GDA (Guideline Daily Amounts) model which has been used to regulate health claims on foods. Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) Test (The SAS System) was used to check for significance in differences of healthfulness using mean scores.

Results

The WXYfm model classified all foods as healthful, andNasutitermes spp.was significantly more healthful than duck (P = 0.05). The RRR classified all foods as healthful, andNasutitermes spp.was significantly more healthful than all other foods exceptMacrotermes bellicosusand tilapia (P = 0.05). Duck (for women and men) and pork (for women), were classified as unhealthful by the GDA scoring system, and duck was significantly less healthful than all other foods (P < 0.0001), except for pork and mutton.

Conclusion

Edible insects are promising alternatives to conventional meats, but the choice should be on a species-to-species basis. This would be significant in broadening the choice of protein sources to cater for an ever-increasing world population.
National suicide management guidelines recommending family-based prevention, intervention and postvention and their association with suicide mortality rates: systematic review
Authors: Panesar Balpreet , Soni Divya , Khan Mohammed I. , Bdair Faris , Holek Matthew , Tahir Talha , Woo Julia , Sanger Nitika , Khumalo Nonhlanhla P. , Minuzzi Luciano , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab
Published: February 2022

Background

Suicidal behaviour remains a major public health concern and countries have responded by authoring guidelines to help mitigate death by suicide. Guidelines can include family-based recommendations, but evidence for the level and category of family-based involvement that is needed to effectively prevent suicide is unclear.

Aims

To explore the association between family-based recommendations in guidelines and countries’ crude suicide rates. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019130195.

Method

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and WHO MiNDbank databases and grey literature were searched within the past 20 years (1 January 2000 to 22 June 2020) for national guidelines giving family-based recommendations in any of three categories (prevention, intervention and postvention).

Results

We included 63 guidelines from 46 countries. All identified guidelines included at least one family-based recommendation. There were no statistically significant differences seen between mean World Health Organization crude suicide rates for countries that included only one, two or all three categories of family-based recommendations. However, a lower spread of crude suicide rates was seen when guideline recommendations included all three categories (mean crude suicide rates for one category: 11.09 (s.d. = 5.71); for two categories: 13.42 (s.d. = 7.76); for three categories: 10.68 (s.d. = 5.20); P = 0.478).

Conclusions

Countries should work towards a comprehensive national suicide guideline that includes all categories of family-based recommendations. Countries with previously established guidelines should work towards the inclusion of evidence-based recommendations that have clear implementation plans to potentially help lower suicide rates.
Birth without intervention in women with severe mental illness: cohort study
Authors: Taylor Clare , Stewart Robert , Gibson Rod , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Shetty Hitesh , Howard Louise
Published: February 2022

The rate of normal birth outcomes (i.e. full-term births without intervention) for women with severe mental illness (SMI – psychotic and bipolar disorders) is not known. We examined rates of birth without intervention (spontaneous labour onset, spontaneous vaginal delivery without instruments, no episiotomy and no indication of pre- or post-delivery anaesthesia) in women with SMI (584 pregnancies) compared with a control population (70 942 pregnancies). Outcome ratios were calculated standardising for age. Women with SMI were less likely to have a birth without intervention (29.5%) relative to the control population (36.8%) (standardised outcome ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.63–0.87).
Improving Outcomes for High-Risk Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer With CDK Inhibition
Authors: Hicks David , O'Regan Ruth M.
Published: February 2022

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
Resilience in the Face of Pandemic: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Psychologic Morbidity and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Women With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Javellana Melissa , Hlubocky Fay J. , Somasegar Sahana , Sorkin Mia , Kurnit Katherine C. , Jani Ina , Stock Elizabeth , Mills Kathryn , Lengyel Ernst , Lee Nita K.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

The COVID-19 pandemic has created new challenges for ovarian cancer survivors. This study aims to evaluate the psychologic morbidity and alterations in medical care caused by the pandemic.

METHODS:

Advanced-stage ovarian cancer survivors at our institution were contacted for participation in a cross-sectional telephone-based quantitative survey study assessing pandemic-related psychologic morbidity. Psychologic domains using validated measures were explored: health-related quality of life (HRQOL; functional assessment of cancer therapy [FACT-G7]), anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder-7 [GAD7]), depression (Patient Health Questionnarie-2 [PHQ2]), global health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Global Physical Health/Global Mental Health (PROMIS-GMH/GPH), resilience (brief resilience scale), and loneliness (English Longitudinal Study on Aging). Novel COVID-19 pandemic questions were drawn from a larger survey developed in our department.

RESULTS:

Fifty-nine percent (61 of 104) of contacted patients completed the survey. One quarter of respondents had high resilience, with only 10% reporting low resilience. Only one patient screened positive for depression, and two for anxiety. Increased loneliness was reported by 43% of respondents. Patients' overall HRQOL was good (median = 21; range = 6-28). Few patients experienced treatment delays, with only four experiencing chemotherapy interruption and two reporting surgical delays. Multiple regression analyses revealed that high FACT-G7 HRQOL was predicted by age > 65 years, high self-reported mental health, high resilience, and being off chemotherapy. Lower COVID-19 concern was predicted by recurrent cancer and high resilience.

CONCLUSION:

Despite the far-reaching impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, ovarian cancer survivors' HRQOL has been maintained. Older age, high resilience, high mental health, and being off chemotherapy predicted better HRQOL. Ovarian cancer survivors remain resilient in the face of the pandemic, and the support of clinicians to preserve this invaluable personal resource is critical for well-being.
Estimating the Practice-Level and National Cost Burden of Treatment-Related Prior Authorization for Academic Radiation Oncology Practices
Authors: Bingham Brian , Chennupati Sai , Osmundson Evan C.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE:

Prior authorization (PA) imposes significant time burdens on radiation oncology practices, but its financial impact has not been characterized. We used time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to assess the cost burden of treatment-related PA events at an academic radiation oncology practice. We then estimated annual costs for an academic practice and academic practices nationally.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

Using internal analyses, we created TDABC process maps for treatment-related PA events at an academic radiation oncology practice. Using published compensation data, internal workhour estimates, and supervisory requirements, we calculated the cost of each PA event and annual costs. Using data from the 2017 American Society for Radiation Oncology Workforce Survey and the 2018 American Society for Radiation Oncology Prior Authorization Survey, we estimated annual PA costs for academic medical centers nationally.

RESULTS:

We successfully created TDABC process maps for treatment-related PA events at an academic radiation oncology practice. There were significant time and cost burdens for all events (range: 51-95 minutes, $28-$101 US dollars [USD]), with significant increases when peer-to-peer discussion was required (range: 92-95 minutes, $75-$101 USD). Annual treatment-related PA departmental costs were estimated to be $491,989 USD, with approved treatments accounting for the majority (94%; $463,027 USD). Nationally, annual treatment-related PA costs were estimated to be $40,125,848 USD, with approved treatments accounting for the majority (86%; $34,632,620 USD).

CONCLUSION:

TDABC can be used to estimate the cost burden of PA events. These burdens are significant and translate into massive organizational costs. Our national estimates highlight the tremendous cost of PA for academic radiation oncology practices, with the majority of costs related to approved treatments.
One-Pot Synthesis of Cyclopentenols from Vinylethylene Carbonates via Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation and Cascade Oxidation-Cyclization
Authors: Zhang Ke , Ke Miaolin , Liu Zhigang , Zuo Sheng , Chen Fen-er
Published: February 2022

An efficient, one-pot protocol for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopentenols has been accomplished starting from vinylethylene carbonates and bissulfonylmethanes. This protocol proceeds via sequential palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation and oxidative cyclization in an operationally simple manner. A wide range of substrates is well-accommodated to afford diverse cyclopentenols in moderate to good yields with excellent selectivity. Further control experiments demonstrated that the selective formation of the isolatable (Z)-allyl alcohols (up to Z/E = >19:1) underlies the success of the subsequent cascade oxidation-cyclization.
Epidemiology of soccer injuries in Korea women national team for 5 years
Authors: Joo Chang-Hwa
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of injuries in female national soccer players. The injuries data were recorded by Korea Football Association medical staff using the Daily Medical Report provided by the Asian Football Confederation during a total 21 training camps and friendly and official matches from January 2014 to December 2018. A total of 483 players in the national team training camps and matches participated in the study, of which 377 players experienced more than one injury. Sports injuries accounted for 89% of the total 1,019 injuries; general diseases accounted for the remaining 11%. The number of injuries per 1,000 exposure hours was higher in matches than in training sessions. Most injuries that occurred during training and matches involved the lower extremities (79%). The most common injury diagnosed during training and matches was muscle rigidity (45%), followed by contusions/hematomas/bruises (22%) and sprain (15%). The largest proportions of injuries in terms of absence from soccer play were minimal injury (67%), followed by mild (29%), moderate (3.5%), and severe (1%). As conclusion, the characteristics of injuries during training sessions and matches were different. Rehabilitation and injury prevention programs need to developed for female soccer players to improve the players’ performance.
Role of exercise in estrogen deficiency-induced sarcopenia
Authors: Cho Eun-Jeong , Choi Youngju , Jung Su-Jeen , Kwak Hyo-Bum
Published: February 2022

A decline in estrogen levels during menopause is associated with the loss of muscle mass and function, and it can accelerate sarcopenia. However, with the growing number of postmenopausal women due to the increase in life expectancy, the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle are not completely understood. This article reviews the relationship between estrogen deficiency and skeletal muscle, its potential mechanisms, including those involving mitochondria, and the effects of exercise on estrogen deficiency-induced skeletal muscle impairment. In particular, mitochondrial dysfunction induced by estrogen deficiency accelerates sarcopenia via mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. It is well known that exercise training is essential for health, including for the improvement of sarcopenia. This review highlights the importance of exercise training (aerobic and resistance exercise) as a therapeutic intervention against estrogen deficiency-induced sarcopenia.
Sub-epidermal moisture assessment as an adjunct to visual assessment in the reduction of pressure ulcer incidence
Authors: Ousey Karen , Stephenson John , Blackburn Joanna
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) assessment technology as an adjunct to visual assessment to reduce pressure ulcer (PU) incidence alongside standard PU care pathways.

Method:

Data were obtained from wards located within 28 institutions in the UK, Canada, Belgium, Spain and Ireland. At each ward, the proportion of patients scanned who were observed to have one or more PUs of Category 2 or above during a pre-Pressure Ulcer Reduction Programme (PURP) implementation period starting between November 2017 and July 2018 was recorded. The proportion of patients scanned who were observed to have one or more PUs of Category 2 or above during a post-PURP implementation period starting between November 2018 and July 2019 was also recorded. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data using wards as the unit of analysis, to facilitate overall estimate of the PURP. A sensitivity study was also conducted to assess the sensitivity of results to data from specific institutions.

Results:

A synthesised estimate of the overall relative risk (RR) was calculated to be 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.56). Hence the risk of PU in the post-PURP cohort was about one-third that of the corresponding risk in the pre-PURP cohort. The sensitivity analysis revealed no evidence that any individual ward exerted excessive influence on the findings.

Conclusion:

The analysis has revealed strong evidence that implementation of the PURP was associated with reduction in incidence of Category 2 or above PUs across a wide range of clinical settings.
Bid from La Asociación Mexicana para el Cuidado Integral y Cicatrización de Heridas A.C. and the Confederación Multidisciplinaria Latinoamericana de Heridas Estomas e Incontinencia
Authors: Quintero Eduardo Camacho
Published: February 2022

La Asociación Mexicana para el Cuidado Integral y Cicatrización de Heridas A.C. (AMCICHAC) and the Confederación Multidisciplinaria Latinoamericana de Heridas Estomas e Incontinencia (COMLHEI) set out their bid for the WUWHS 2026 Congress to be held in Mexico City, Mexico.
Science Teachers' Use of Analogies: Findings from Classroom Practices
Authors: Shana Zuhrieh A. , El-Shareef Marwan A.
Published: February 2022

This paper is a quasi-experimental investigation into the effectiveness of using analogy in teaching new and unfamiliar physics concepts to students enrolled in a British curriculum school in the United Arab Emirates. The students (N = 34) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the control group (N = 17) following the traditional teaching method, and the experimental group (N = 17) using the student-centered analogical method. The students relied on previous class knowledge to construct models, which in turn helped them explore new ideas and derive new knowledge. Pre-tests and post-tests were given to the two groups, where the post-test (test 6) results confirmed that the experimental group showed a more consistent outcome of high grades, no failure, and good homogeneity of results. On the other hand, the control group kept fluctuating around the same level in the all-study’s tests (pre-test and repeated measures (tests 2,3,4 and 5). The effect size of the intervention was very large and practically important, at Cohen’s d = 2.35. As a result, analogy-based pedagogies have demonstrated impact on students' learning performance and perceptions. Consequently, the result is capable of providing significant insights for educational policy and curriculum development.
Glucose Conversion to 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) using Microwave Radiation and Titanium Dioxide
Authors:   College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Boonyarattanakalin Kanokthip , Pecharapa Wisanu ,   College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Boonyarattanakalin Siwarutt ,   School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand, Mekprasart Wanichaya ,   College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Published: February 2022

In this project, the focus is placed on the reaction optimizations to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a common chemical building block to other industrially useful derivatives. The main objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of using different forms of TiO2 as a catalyst to acquire 5-HMF from monosaccharides by an effi cient, economical, and environment-friendly process. The use of three different forms of TiO2 (anatase, rutile, and P-25) as a catalyst, for the glucose dehydration process in this study, has never been reported in past literature. The heating by microwave radiation is introduced to the reaction, which requires elevated temperature, to reduce both the required reaction time and temperature. TiO2, the heterogeneous catalyst for the dehydration mechanism, was fi ltered off, while the 5-HMF dissolved and stayed in the aqueous solution. The three TiO2 catalyst forms are separately utilized to optimize reaction conditions. Anatase form is shown to be the most effective at catalyzing the dehydration process. The reaction temperature of 187 ºC; anatase as a catalyst; and reaction time of 5 minutes led to the optimal outcome in this project. The maximum 5-HMF yield obtained in this study is 12.84%, which is in-between the 6.10-18.60% 5-HMF yield range acquired by Qi et al., 2008. Moreover, a catalyst/substrate weight ratio of 1:10 was used in this study, compared to the 1:2 ratio used by Qi et al., 2008. Hence, this project reduced the amount of catalyst required to obtain a signifi cant 5-HMF yield, and successfully demonstrated that the anatase form of TiO2 is a viable catalyst for the dehydration of monosaccharides to 5-HMF.
Typographical devices in subtitling (a case study of English and Russian subtitles)
Authors: Ziyazova Irina
Published: February 2022

The paper examines the role of typographical devices in subtitling practices. As subtitling is significantly determined by its temporal and spatial constraints, the verbal part of a subtitle may be rather condensed and incomplete for perception, which requires additional means to modify meaning-making processes and add up information. The research gives a systematic account of typographical devices and their functions in a subtitled filmic text. The common graphical devices featured are typefaces, colour, punctuation marks, and numeric signs. The performed analysis showed that typographical devices do not only assist in dealing with technical considerations, but they may also serve as means of intersemiotic cohesion linking subtitles with visual or acoustic-or both-components of a film and enabling their functional cooperation. The drawn conclusions allow to state that graphical devices in subtitling possess such functions as they contribute to intersemiotic texture of a subtitled filmic text; help to manoeuvre in spatial and temporal circumstances; enhance reading and comprehending.
Muss Man Gleich Aus Einer (Jeder) Mücke Einen Elefanten Machen? Und Wem Gehört Volkes Stimme? Über die Aktualität Antiker Wendungen in der Heutigen Zeit
Authors: Walter Harry
Published: February 2022

Sprichwörter und feste Redewendungen widerspiegeln unser verbindendes kulturelles Erbe der lateinischen und der griechischen Antike. Häufig werden solche Einheiten in mehr oder weniger adaptierter Form entlehnt und sind zum Teil auch als Lehnüber­setzungen und Lehnprägungen in den modernen Sprachen Europas in Gebrauch. Der Beitrag diskutiert zwi­schen­sprachlichen Parallelen; die erläuterten Phraseologismen und Sprichwörter illustrieren nur allzu deutlich, wie viel der kulturell so vermeintlich fremde „Osten“ mit dem „Westen“ (und auch dem „Süden“) Europas gemeinsam hat.
Контекстные маркеры времени
Authors: Grushina Natalia
Published: February 2022

Целью данной статьи является изучение различных языковых репрезентаций времени в языке и тексте. Время – абстрактная категория, прочно связанная с жизнью человека, его можно рассматривать как четвертое измерение реальности, используемое для описания событий в трехмерном пространстве. Время изучалось с разных точек зрения и в разных аспектах. Восприятие времени может варьироваться в зависимости от социальной и культурной среды. Вот почему так важно при изучении иностранного языка уделять особое внимание разнообразию представлений времени. В статье мы исследуем различные временные маркеры, представленные в русском языке: языковые маркеры времени, выявленные на базе словарных толкований, и контекстные временные маркеры, которые мы можем найти в неадаптированных современных текстах, используемых для упражнений на понимание прочитанного на продвинутом уровне при изучении русского как иностранного. Мы сравниваем языковые и контекстные временные маркеры, используя когнитивный подход к текстовым единицам. В качестве примера мы используем временные маркеры из текстов, опубликованных в популярном российском литературном журнале «Новый мир» на рубеже 21 века. «Новый мир» очень известен в России своей неизменной либеральной позицией и большой историей диссидентского движения.
La poesía de corte místico de la princesa turco-otomana Adile Sultan (1826-1899)
Authors: Karavar Nesrin
Published: February 2022

En el presente artículo se analiza la poesía mística de Adile Sultan como símbolo y comunicación con sagrado. Se recoge la rica experiencia de esta poeta para aproximarnos desde su visión a las realidades espirituales que vivía mediante su única obra poética Divan. En su época la búsqueda de la palabra poética es el motivo de una conversión hacia el modelo humano de la naturaleza divina que debía hacerse sensible. Como todas las mujeres místicas de las diferentes religiones Adile Sultan también ejerció de manera intensa la mirada interior. También analizaremos su época y literatura femenina turca del siglo xix y xx.
Intervención y evaluación con tecnologías de la competencia en seguridad digital
Authors: Torres-Hernández Norma , Pessoa Teresa , Gallego-Arrufat María Jesús
Published: February 2022

La atención a los problemas y riesgos relacionados con la seguridad digital requiere acciones educativas para reducir la incertidumbre que genera la convivencia en la sociedad digital. Este estudio descriptivo tiene como propósito conocer el nivel competencial de estudiantes universitarios en el área de seguridad digital y el alcance de una intervención implementada y evaluada en entornos enriquecidos con tecnología. Participan 154 estudiantes de dos universidades de España y Portugal. La evaluación del nivel competencial en seguridad digital es actividad previa a la intervención en la que los participantes utilizando diversas herramientas tecnológicas realizan en total 1012 actividades. Los resultados muestran que el 93.5%  de participantes tienen un nivel competencial intermedio. Como parte de la intervención se analizan 148 narrativas digitales y 141 reflexiones sobre netiqueta y redes sociales. El análisis descriptivo de la evaluación a la intervención, da como resultado una valoración media del grupo de 82.13. Los futuros educadores deben ser competentes en ésta área y  ser conscientes de la importancia que esta tiene para la educación y en la sociedad. Es importante su formación para la conformación de una ciudadanía digital más segura y responsable en el uso de la tecnología y de Internet.
Assessment of Entrepreneurship Competencies Through the Use of FLIGBY
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Buzady Zoltan
Published: February 2022

Serious games are increasingly being used as innovative tool for developing entrepreneurial skills, such as strategic management, leadership, communication, negotiation or decision making. FLIGBY is a serious game that was initially developed with the objective of simulating the business management process and the application of Flow theory in a business context. However, most recently it has been suggested that serious games in general, and FLIGBY in particular, can be used in other contexts, namely in the development of entrepreneurial skills. In this sense, this study tries to verify if the competences developed and evaluated in FLIGBY on the Master Analytics Profiler (MAP) can be used to evaluate the entrepreneurial capacities of the students in the context of the course of entrepreneurship in a higher education institution. The findings indicate that the performance of these students in FLIGBY is very similar to the benchmark with only small oscillations. However, some asymmetries emerged considering the educational and professional experience, such that the students of the management course showed better business-oriented thinking and IT students revealed greater time-management skills. Finally, professional experience has proved to be relevant for making decisions about stress and for the completion of managerial tasks successfully.
Las TIC en la enseñanza científico-técnica hispanoamericana: Una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: López-Quintero José Luis , Pontes-Pedrajas Alfonso , Varo-Martínez Marta
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo analiza investigaciones en la enseñanza universitaria de las ciencias que han incorporado tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) como recurso básico de su metodología educativa. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica seleccionando artículos de investigación que han sido publicados en los últimos siete años en revistas educativas y actas de congresos del ámbito hispanoamericano. Se pretende, por tanto, ofrecer una visión global del estado actual en este campo. La mayor parte de la bibliografía consultada sostiene que el papel de los profesores sigue siendo clave para conseguir eficacia en la educación científico-técnica, siendo la tecnología un recurso que complementa la acción docente. A través del análisis realizado se observa cómo ciertos recursos digitales se han mantenido constantes en el tiempo y siguen siendo objeto de interés por sus aportaciones pedagógicas. Por otra parte, en los últimos años han aparecido herramientas de carácter novedoso que presentan todavía una incorporación escasa dentro del entorno universitario, como son los sistemas móviles o las redes sociales. También se aprecia que, independientemente de la tecnología utilizada, los alumnos valoran positivamente la introducción de nuevas metodologías basadas en las TIC. Asimismo, algunos trabajos ponen de manifiesto que buena parte de la enseñanza es aún unidireccional y basada en información estática, y por tanto, se requiere un esfuerzo por parte de los profesores para fomentar la participación de los alumnos.