bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of sugarcane (Saccharum oflcinarum) under moisture-stress conditions of Tungabhadra project area
Authors: M. DINESH KUMAR  , K. CHALAPATHI  , K. S. CHANNABASAPPA  , S. G. PATIL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1989, 1990 and 1991 to develop a suitable cultural practice for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) grown under moisture stress. Soil application of extra K @ 40 kglha before last irrigation with or without mulch was found beneficial and gave higher cane and sugar yield. Urea and K spray combinations were found second best to overcome the early loss of growth due to moisture stress. Soil or foliar application of K helped retain better uality parameters.
Performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)-based intercropping system
Authors: T. S. BHONDAVE  , D. F. PATIL  , P. G. BHOI  , N. T. KUNJIR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment on intercropplng of in sole groundnut (15.07 qlha) than that of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with the groundnut in intercropping treatments. castor (Ricinus communis L.) and soybean The average reduction in pod yield due to [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was conducted at castor and soybean intercropping was 33.1 1 the farm of Mahatma Phule Krishi and 12.47% respectively. The reduction was Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, on loamy soil during higher in the castor intercropping than rainy season (kharif) 1991. soybean intercropping. Groundnut (SB XI), castor (VI 9) and The intercropping of soybean had less soybean (MACS 58) were sown dmultane- adverse influence on groundnut, whereas ,. ously on 3 and 4 July 1991 with a basal dose that of castor was more. It might be due to of 20 kg Nlha + 40 kg P,05/ha. Eleven greater shading effect of castor. Similar treatments consisting of 8 intercropping sys- results were reported by Iyemperumal tems and 3 sole crop systems were tried in (1980) and Senthivel et al: (1989). randomized block design with 3 replications The highest groundnut equivalent (16.33 (Table 1). In sole cropping groundnut was qlha) and land-equivalent ratio (1.21) were dibbled at 30 cm x 10 cm spacing, whereas recorded in the treatment of groundnut + in intercropping it was dibbled at 30 cm x soybean sown in 3 : 1 row proportion. 7.5 cm in 3 : 1 and 6 : 2 row proportions and Thus intercropping of groundnut + soy- at 30 cm x 8 cm in 4 : 1 and 8 : 2 row pro- bean in a 3 : 1 row proportion was more portions for maintaining its 100% popula- beneficial. tion (3.3 x 10ha). The intercrops of castor and soybean were dibbled at 30 cm and 10 REFERENCES cm within the rows respectively. lyemperumal, S. 1980. Mixed cropping of pulses in The yield attributes of groundnut except Tamil Nadu. Proceedings Nicltiontrl Symnposi- 100-pod weight, 1 000-kernel weig.ht and urn on Legumes in Intercropping Sy.~terns, held during 6-8 July 1978 at Indian Agricultural Re- shelling (%) were significantly reduced due search Institute, New Dzlhi, pp. 126-1 29. to intercropping with castor and soybean. Senthivel, T., Parameswaran, P., ~ r u m u ~ a m , M. and There was a drastic reduction in pod yield of Ramanathan, T. 1989. An ideal intercropping base crop of groundnut (Table,]). The pod system for rainfed groundnut (Arirchis hypogtreir) in Tamil Nadu. Indian fournicll of Agricultur~cl1 yield was maximum and significantly higher Sciences 59 (7) : 435-437. --- Present address: I All-India~~Co-ordinated Maize Improvement Project, National Agricultural Research Projcct, Sub-rnontane Zone, Shenda Park, Kolhapur, Mnharashtra 416 012
Effect of zinc and nitrogen fertilization on summer rice (Oryzasativa)
Authors: C. KHANDA  , L. DIXIT
Published: December 2023

Zinc deficiency appears to be the most texture, slightly acidic in reaction (pH 6.5), important nutritional factor limiting growth medium in available N (322 kgha), availa- and yield of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) ble P (Olsens P 14.5 kglha) and available K next to nitrogen and phosphorus. It is a (1 56 kg/ha). major component and activator of several Sarathi (1 15 days) rice was transplant- enzymes and involved in metabolic ed on 25 and 15 February during 1991 and activities, viz. auxin metabolism, protein 1992 respectively at 15 cm x 1a0 cm spacing. synthesis, nucleic acid and carbohydrate The maximum mean grain and straw metabolism, and utilization of nitrogen and yields of 45.8 and 62.1 qlha respectively . phosphorus. Krishnamurthy (1979) reported were obtained at the highest level of nitro- synergistic effect between applied nitrogen gen. The increase over 0,30 and 60 kg N/ha and zinc in rice. was 49.8, 20.7 and 7.3% for grain and 56.1, Hence an investigation was camed out to 25.2 and 10.1 % for straw yield respectively. study the effect of zinc and nitrogen Application of zinc increased the grain fertilization on grain and straw ,yields of and straw yields significantly over no zinc summer rice. application, which might be owing to better A field experiment was conducted at the utilization of N and P for grain production Central Research Station, OUAT, Bhu- through greater metabolic activities. Com- baneshwar, during summerseason of 1991 bined application of N and Zn increased the and 1992. The treatments consisting of 2 grain and straw yields by 7.2 and 12.9% re- --- sources of zinc (S1, ZnS0, and S,, Zn- spectively over alone application of N. The EDTA), 2 methods of application (MI, soil increase in both grain and straw yields was and M,, foliar application) supplemented owing to their synergistic effect. Similar re- with 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 sults were obtained by Vyas et al. (1990) in kglha). The treatments were tried in rand- irrigated rice. omized block design with 3 replications. The sources and methods of application Zinc sulphate (22% Zn) @ 25 kg/ha and Zn- of Zn influenced the yield significantly in EDTA (12% Zn) @ 500 g/ha along with 10 both the seasons. Among the sources, kg carder were applied basal. Foliar sprays ZnSO, increased the grain and straw yields of ZnSO, at 0.4% and Zn-EDTA at 0.05% by 2.5 and 4.2% respectively over Zn- - concentration were given at 25 and 35 days EDTA, which was due to optimal supply of 1 after transplanting. Zn from ZnS0, as well as, beneficial effect The experimental soil was sandy loam in of sulphur present in it.
Effect of cultural practice on wheat (Triticum aestivlz;~~) ander receding soil-moisture condition
Authors: P. L. MALIWAL  , I. N. GUPTA  , ANIL KOTHARI  , S. S. RATHuK
Published: December 2023

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Eiori were applied througn drilling below the & Paol.) is one of the most important crops, seed. There was only 6 mm rainfall during popularly grown on receding soil moisture 1990-91. No irrigation was applied to the under tank-bed conditions. Due to improper crop. One hoeing and weeding was done 1 soil tilth, sowing in tank bed is usually done month after sowing of the crop. The crop at wider spacings resulting in low plant pop- was harvested on 17 and 6 March during ulation. Sowing seeds in optimum quantity 1991 and 1992 respectively. (Attarde and Khuspe, 198 1) through proper Pooled data for 2 years (1990-91 i a d method of sowing (Jain et al., 1989) increases 1991-92) revealed that grain and st aw the yield of wheat. Therefore an experiment yields of wheat differed significantly duq to was conducted to find out the optimum seed varying seed rates (Table 1). The grain yield rate and suitable method of sowing for increased with inkrease in seed rate up to wheat under tank-bed condition. 150 kgtha; however, the difference was A field experiment was laid out during found significant only up to 125 kgtha. The the winter season of 1990-91 and 1991-92 mean data revealed that seed rate of 125 kg/ at farmers field on thereceding soil mois- ha increased the grain yield of wheat by ture under tank-bed condition. The soil was 7.6% over 100 kgtha. Similar increase in the silty clay loam and alkaline, having yield was also reported by Singh et al. 0.32-0.45% organic carbon, The experi- (1 987) and Sarkar and Torofder (1992). The ment was laid out in randomized block de- higher yield was owing to the additive and sign with 3 replications; The net plot size complimentary effect of growth and yield- was 5 m x 3 m, The experiment consisted of- attributing characters (Table 1). The major 5 seed rates (100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg/ contribution in increasing the seed yield at ha) and 2 methods of sowing (line sowing 125 kglha was from number of effective till- and cross-sowing). ers/m2. However, further increase in number Wheat (Lok 1) was sown pn 27 of tillers/m2 significantly decreased the November during 1990 and 11 November 1,000-grain weight and grainsfear (Table I). during 1991. In line-sowing treatment the The moisture content decreasedwith an in- crop was sown at 30 crn apart, whereas in crease in the seed rate. The increase in seed cross-sowing the seed was divided into 2 rate in turns resulted in higher number of parts and sowing was done cross-wise at 30 tillers/m2, acceleration ir. the loss of water cm spacing. The crop was fertilized with 30 through transpiration which finally led to kg Nlha and 15 kg P20s/ha. The fertilizers low soil-moisture content. The pooled data
Productivity of irrigated crop sequences in western Maharashtra
Authors: S. B. DESHPANDE  , A. S. JADHAV
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy and wlnter seasons of 1989-90 to 1991-92 to study productivity of irrigated crop sequences. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain-yield equiva- lent and net monetary return were significantly more from groundnut (Arnchis hypogaen L.) than from sorghum, and groundnut-wheat (Triticum nestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) sequence was more remu- nerative than sorghum-wheat sequence. The grain-yield equivalent and pooled stover yield of sorghum under sorghum (100% F)-wheat (100% F) and sorghum (100% F)-wheat (100% F)-green-manuring sequences were significantly more than that under sorghum (75% F)-gram (Cicer nrietinum L.) ( I 00% F) and sorghum (50% F)-wheat (50% 0)-green-manuring sequences. The wheat-grain-yield equivalent of g n m and pooled net monetary return were the lowest. The highest pooled grain yield of wheat and maximum benefit : cost mtio were recorded from the sorghum (100% F)-wheat (100% F)-green-man- uring sequence, indicating importance of green-manuring in crop sequence. The pooled net monetary rc- turn from groundnut (100% F)-wheat (75 or 100% F) and sorghum (100% F)-wheat (100% F)-green-manuring with sunnhemp (Crotnlnrin juncen L.) sequences was found significantly more than other sequences, indicating beneficial effect of green-manuring even at recommended !eve1 of ferti- lizer application to sorghum and wheat. The pooled net monetary return irom groundnut (100% F)-wheat (75% F) sequence was equivalent to that of sorghum (1 00% F)-wheat (100% F)-green-ma- nuring sequence, indicating possibility of reducing 25% fertilizer dose to wheat.
Effect of irrigation and fertilizers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Y. DUBEY  , S. K. SHARMA  P.
Published: December 2023

,-In a study conducted on sandy-loam (Fluvent) soil during 1988-90, the irriiation levels showed significant effect on dry matter, 1,000-kernel weight and grain yield of wheat (Triticum nestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). The fertility levels showed significant effect on yield and yield attributes and uptake of nutrient, while irrigation level did not show significant effect on nutrient uptake except . nitrogen and potassium by grain. The IW : CPE ratio of 0.9 and fertility level of 120 kg Nha + 0 kg P,Ofla + 30 kg &Orha were found the best irrigation and fertility levels respectively.
Chemical weed control in rainfed maize (Zea mays)
Authors: D. ROUT  , M. R. SATAPATHY
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1991 and 1992 on chemical weed control in rainfed maize (Zen my.^ L.). The pooled data on grain yield indicated that metolachlor (I .25 kglha as pre-emergence spray) and atrazine (1.25 kglha as pre-emergence spray) gave the maximum grain yield and were at par with weeded control. Butachlor (1.5 kgiha as pre-emergence spray) was found to be the next alternative to metolachlor and atrazine. Atrazine, metolachlor and alachlor were more than 90% efficient in reducing dry weight of weeds. Both glyphosate and anilophos were observed to be toxic to maize plant.
Response of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) to fertilization and rhizobiurn inoculation
Authors: K. K. MATHAN  , HONORA J. FRANCIS  , S. P. RAMANATHAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 199 1 and 1992 to study the influence of fertilizers, manures and rhizobium inoculation of seeds on seed yield of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and N, P and K uptake by blackgram. Changes in available N, P and Kin soil were also recorded under these treatments. Application of 25 kg Nlha (as urea) + 50 kg Plha (as single superphosphate as enriched farmyard manure (FYM) in 750 kgha + 6.25 tonnes1haFYM as basal and diammonium phosphate spray 25 kgha twice at flower initiation and 15 days after FC to the crop sown with rhizobium inoculated seeds was found optimum and recorded 75.0 and 54.5% more seed yield than the control in the first and second crops respectively. Resides, the protein content of the seeds increased by 14.5 and 15.4% over the control. For N, P and K uptake by seeds and available N, P and K in the soil also increased significantly by the above combination of treatment over the absolute control treatment.
Effect of phosphorus and potassium on greengram (Phaseolus radiatus)
Authors: K. K. SAXENA  , H. R. VERMA  , H. K. SAXENA
Published: December 2023

A ficld experiment was conducted during 1988 and 1989 at Kanpur, to study the effect of phospho- rus and potassium on greengram (Phaseolus md~ntus L.). Both P and K affected the seed yield and physiological parameters significantly. Phosphorus @ 60 kglha and K @ 20 kglha were found opti- mum. Seed yield showed positive correlation with leaf area, dry matterlplant, relative moisture content in leaves, number of branches, number of pods, seed yieldlplant, 1,000-seed weight and harvest index.
Responseof cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to sources and levels of phosphorus and .zinc
Authors: A. P. NAGARAJU  , Y. H. YADAHALLI
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted for 3 consecutive years during 1988-90 to study response of KBC I cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] to sources and levels of P and Zn on sandy-loam soils deficient in P and Zn. @ 12.5 kgha increased The pre-ponderance effects of Pup to 60 kgha and of Zn the yields from 779 to 1,105 and 810 to 1,038 kgha respectively.
Effect of spacing, seed rate and nitrogen on growth yield and quality of sugarcane (Saccharum oflcinarum)
Authors: S. K. P. SINGH  , S. S. SINGH  , U. P. SINHA  , A. KSINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1990-91 to 1992-93 to study the effect of 6 different row spacings-cum-seed rateand 3 nitrogen levels (75, 150 and 225 kg Nha) on the growth, yield and quality of sugarcane (Saccharum ofJicinarum L.) At narrow spacing (30 : 60 cm) cane yield (765.07 qha) increased significantly. Tiller production, plant height, millable canes, length of internodes, cane heightlplant, girth were also significantly increased with same treatments (30 : 60 cm + 80,000 three- - budded settsha). Although seed rate-cum-spacing did not affect quality of cane juice, but maximum sucrose (%) in juice was observed at 30 : 60 cm row spacing. Sugar (%) as well as yield were also maximum with the same treatments. The growth, yield and.yield attributes were significantly influenced by varying levels of nitrogen. Application of 225 kg Nha gave maximum cane yield (751.93 qha) and sugar (86.08 qha). Sucrose and commercial cane sugar (5%) decreased with every increase of nitrogen levels, whereas sugar yield increased with increasing levels of nitrogen.
Influence of irrigation, nitrogen and phosphorus on yield, nutrient bptake and water-use efficiency of blond psyllium (Plantago ovata)
Authors: B. S. PATEL  , S. G. SADAWZ  , J. C. PATEL
Published: December 2023

A response of Guj. 1 blond psyllium (PInnrago ovata Forskaal) to different levels of irrigation and fertilizer was studied during the winter season of 1988-89 to 1990-91 on medium black clayey soil of Junagadh. Scheduling inigation each of 50 mm depth and fertilizing the crop with 20 kgtha each of nitrogen and phosphorus gave highest yield, consumptive use of water, water-use efficiency and nutrient removal by the crop.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on seed yield of cumin (Cuminurn cyrninum)
Authors: R. P. JANGIR  , FWJENDER SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field study was undertaken during winter season of 1989-90 and 1990-91 at Mandor, to determine suitable imgation schedule and optimum dose of N for cumin (Cuminwn cyminwn L.) on Alfisols. Application of 5 irrigations at sowing, 10,30,55 and 80 days after sowing increased the seed yield in both years compared with 4 irrigations. Higher irrigations frequencies (6) had no additional advantage. The crop responded only up to 20 kg N/ha and gave significantly more seed yield than the unfertilized crop. Seasonal consumptive use of water was 162 mm.
Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) to farmyard manure, phosphorus and phosphate-solubilizing micro-organism
Authors: ASHA C. MEHTA  , D. D. MALAVIA  , B. B. KANERIA  , V. D. KHANPARA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at than no FYM up to 12.58 and 14.74% Junagadh during the rainy season (kharifl of respectively and resulted into higher net 1991. The soil was clayey in texture, return. medium in total nitrogen (0.054%), Seed inoculation with Pseudomonas available phosphorus (30.8 kglha) and striata or Paecilomyces fussisporus resulted available potassium (156 kgha) and slightly into significantly higher number of nodules1 alkaline in reaction (pH 7.9), with normal plant, dry weight of noduleslplant, protein electrical conductivity (0.27 dS1m). The content in kernel and uptake of N, P and K treatment corlsisting of 2 levels of farmyard by kernels and haulm of groudnut over no manure (no FYM and 10 tonnesha FYbI) as inoculation. As phosphate-solubilizing mi- main plot and combinations of 3 levels each cro-organisms (PSM) have synergistic effect of phosphate-solubilizing micro-organism on the population of rhizobium in the soil (control, Pseudomonas striata and which lead to increased nodulation. Seed in- Paecilomyces jussisporus) and phosphorus oculatipn with Pseudomonas striata per- (control, 25 and 50 kg P,O,/ha) as subplot formed better than that of Paecilomyces treatments were laid out in split-plot design fussisporus for all these characters and re- with 4 replications. sulted into higher pod and haulm yields of Application of FYM significantly groundnut and resulted in higher pod and . increased the number of noduleslplant and haulm yields of groundnut over no inocula- dry weight of nodqleslplant (Table l), but tion. This increased the availability of nutri- did not exert any significant effect on oil ents, release of growth-promoting sub- and protein contents in kernel. The stances and inhibition of pathogenic micro- treatment involving FYM @ 10 tonnestha orgnaisms. Similar observations were also proved significantly superior to the control, reported by Seth (1991). The maximum net recording higher uptake of N, P and K. It return of Rs 3,3131ha was noticed under appears that organic acids produced from seed inoculation with Pseudomonas striata. organic substances may partly be The increase in net realization under inocu- responsible for quick release of nutrients lation with P. striata and P. fussisporus which resulted into more uptake of were 41.58 and 20.85% respectively over nutrients. This finding supports the results the control (Table 1). of Sharma and Singh (1971). Manuring the Fertilizing the crop with phosphorus (0 to crop with FYM resulted in significantly 50 kgha) did not exert any significant effect higher pod and haulm yields of groundnut on oil and protein contents in kernel, uptake
Response of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Authors: H. J. DETROJA  , N. M. SUKHADIA  , V. D. KHANPARA  , D. D. MALAVIA  , B. B. KANERIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was laid out at. In- P,O, (0,60 and 120 kg/ha) and 2 levels of structional Farm,. Junagadh, during the win- G O (0 and 30 kglha) were tried in factorial ter season (rabi) of 1991-92. The soil was randomized block design with 4 replica- clayey in texture (21.3% sand, 25.4% silt tions. Fenugreek cv. IC 9955 was sown on and 53.4% clay) and slightly alkaline in re- 18 November with 30 cm inter-row spacing action (pH 7.8). It was deficient in available and using a seed rate of 25 kglha. Entire nitrogen (229 kg/ha) and potassium (124 quantity of P and K and half quantity of N kgtha) and medium in phosphorus (29.0 kg/ fertilizer was applied at sowing as per treat- ha). Eighteen treatment combinations of 3 ments. Remaining quantity of N was top- levels each of N (0, 30 and 60 kglha) and dressed at 30 days after sowing.
Integrated nutrient management in rice (Oryza sativa)-rice crop sequence
Authors: M. K. JANA ANU B. C. GHOSH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 1988, 1989 and 1990 to study the integrated nutrient management through organic and inorganic sources of fertilizer in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)-rice crop sequence. Grain yield of rainy-season rice was higher under 100% recommended dose of NPK fertilizer supplied through either inorganic source alone or 75% through inorganic and 25% through organic source. Application of NPK at suboptimal aose, i.e. 75% and 50% of recommended NPK dose, or following farmers practice reduced the grain yield significantly. The total land productivity in rice-rice crop sequence was higher when both rainy- season and winter-season rice received 100% recommended dose of NPK fertilizer. For the rainy- season rice, the uptake of the nutrients NPK was more when 75% of the fertilizer were applied as inorganic and 25% as organic sources, whereas in winter s&on maximum uptake of the nutrients by rice was recorded when 100% of NPK was supplied as inorganic source.
Production potential of forages in rice (Oiyza sativa)-based cropping system
Authors: B. S. SINSINWAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (khar13 of 1991 and 1992 to study the feasibility of growing fodder plants on the rice (Olyro saliva L.) field bunds. Planting of some forage species on rice-field bunds did not cause significant reduction in the rice yield during both the years, but contributed a bonus yield of 1.05-5.64 tonneslha green fodder. The yield of perennial forage species, mbabul(Leucaena leucocephala, was highest in second year (4.12 tonnestha), while that of annual species sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) was in first year (4.18 tonnesha).
Contribution of Sesbania species to yield and nitrogen nutrition in lowland rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: B. S. MAmPATRA  , G. L. S m R M A
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment on a Mollisol at Pantnagar showed that rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield obtained in treatments, viz. green-manuring of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers.; syn. S.aculeata Pers. (6,399 kglha in 1991 and 5,284 kglha in 1992) or Sesbania rostrata Brem. (6,518 kgtha in 1991 and 5,371 kgha in 1992), was equivalent to 90 kg Nha (6,309 kgiha in 1991 and 5,204 kgha in 1992) as prilled urea (PU) applied in splits. The yield levels obtained in the above treatments were at par with higher dose of N (120 kg Ntha) as PU in splits or green-manuring + additional dose of N (45 kgha). Yield increase was attributed to significant variations in number of panicles1 m2, 100-grain weight and N uptake by the crop. These yield attributes and rice yield had a significant correlation with wet soil NH,+-N which increased by green-manuring with Sesbania.
Weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under rice (Oryza sativaFwheat system of north Bihar
Authors: S. S. SINGH  , MD. EHSANULLAH  , SAM.RJEET SINGH  , S. S. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

Two isoproturon group herbicides (Arelon and Tolkan) were evaluated at 0.5 and 1.0 kg ailha as post-emergence for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under timely and late-sown condition during 1987-88 and 1988-89. There was no effect of sowing time. Arelon or Tolken applied @ 0.5 kg aiha resulted better response than 1.0kg aiha in term of yield and additional net return.
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield attributes, seed and oil yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: D. N. ARTHAMWAR  , V. B. SHELKE  , B. S. EKSHINGE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons (rabi) of 1989-90 and 1990-91 at Parbhani, to study the effect of N (Nu, N,, and N,,,; 0,50 and 100 kg Nlha) and P (0,40 and 80 kg P,O,/ha) levels on yield attributes, seed and oil yields, of 4 varieties (Pusa Bold, PR 18 T 59 and Local) of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] variety Pusa Bold recorded significantly higher values of yield attributes, seed and oil yieldsha than PR IS, T 59 and Local. Each higher level of nitrogen significantly improved all the yield attributes. There was linear increase in seed yieldlha due to nitrogen level from 0 to 100 kg Nha during second year and in pooled; however, during first year 100 and 50 kg N h a were at par and significantly superior to no nitrogen. Nitrogen levels did not influence the oil content. There was linear increase in oil yield with the increase in N levels from 0 to 100 kg Nlha during second year, but during first year 50 and 100 kg Nlha were at par and superior to no nitrogen. Every increase in the level of phosphorus significantly improved all the yield attributes, seed yieldlha, oil content and oil yield of Indian mustard,
Productivity, economic viability and energy output of rainy- season cropand desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) under rainfed conditions
Authors: E. N.PATIL  , A. V. SOLANKE  , P. S. POL  , D. R. ATTARDE  , D. F. PATIL  , S. M. JAWALE
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1988-93 to study productivity, economic viability and energy output of different rainy-season crops in comparison with desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.). lntercropping of CSH 9 sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] + No. 148 pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] sole JL 24 groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and that of ICTP 8203 pearl millet [Pennisehtm glaucum (L.)R. Br. emend. stuntz.] + No. 148 pigeonpea were found highly remunerative and energy-producing crops, in order of sequence, and could be the alternatives for replacing Y, G. arboreum under scarcity condition of Dhule Region.
Economics of weed control in mulberry (Morus indica)
Authors: H.  , T. V. MUNIYAPPA R. SHIVAKUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment during the rainy (khar9 and winter (rabi) seasons of 1991-92 on red sandy clay-loam soil on mulberry (Morus indica) revealed that the weed-free check significantly outyielded the herbicides-treated plots. However, considering the cost of weed-control treatments alone, all the herbicides under trial showed higher benefit : cost ratio than weed-free check. Out of the evaluated herbicides, diuron and metolachlor were found most economical compared with the rest of the herbicides. . - The final choice of any weed-control loam with high organic carbon (0.38%), low measure will depend largely on effectiveness in nitrogen (188 kgha) and phosphorus and economics. The cost of weed control (18.4 kglha) but .medium in available must be compared with the resulting in- potassium (224 kglha). The pH of the creased value of the crop. Mulberry (Morus experimental soil was 6.2. indica) is no exception to this. Although the The experiment was laid out in rand- age-old practices like intercultivation and omized complete-block design with 3 repli- hand-weeding controlled the weeds effec- cations. Seven herbicides, viz. diuron, tively, often they are tedious, labour con- butachlor, isoproturon, alachlor, metol- suming and expensive. On contrary, the her- achlor, pendirnethalin and oxyfluorfen, each - ra bicides usage offer an effective and econom- at 2 levels as pre-emergent sprays, were inte- ical means of reducing weed competition, grated with weed-free check and unweeded crop losses and production losses (Kasi- control, resulting in all 16 treatments. viswanathan et al., 1978). Hence an attempt Kanav 2 (M 5) was selected for the ex- was made to work out the comparative eco- periment and all the plots were uniformly nomics among different weed-control treat- fertilized at 300 kg N, 120 kg P,O, and 120 ments. kg K,Oha/year. Out of which, 60 kg Nfha was top-dressed after the harvest of each M A T E W S AM) METHODS crop in a year. Herbicides were applied on The field experiment was conducted at next day after bottom pruning by using - University of Agricultural Sciences, knap-sack sprayer. The herbicidal spray was --- Bangalore, during the rainy (kharfl and taken only for first crop. Irrigation was pro- winter (rabi) seasons of 199 1-92. The soil vided as per the schedule. The gross returns of the experimental site was red sandy-clay were calculated by pricing leaf yield at
Effect of Azotobacter cultures in relation to nitrogen application on growth, yield and alkaloidal composition of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
Authors: S. K. PAREEK  , V. K. SRIVASTAVA  , M. L. MAHESHWARI  , R. GUPTA
Published: December 2023

A study conducted during 1987-91 to study the effect ofAzotobacter cultures M 4, W 5 on Jawahar Aphim 16 and Trishna (IC 42) varieties ofopium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) grown at Delhi. It increased the yield parameters and these were at par with 40 kg Nlha. The Azotobacter cultures were compatible to use in combination with N fertilizer. Of the 2 Azotobacter strains W 5 was superior and its use through dripping gave better response than seed treatments. Further the use of bio-fertilizer saved expenditure on 40 kg Nlha in opium poppy.
Effect of. phosphorus and plant-growth regulators on blackgram (Phaseolris mungo)
Authors: V. NEPALIA  , A.K. WAS  , K. K. BORA  , SUDHA MATHUR
Published: December 2023

The field experiment was conducted at randomized block design with 3 replications. Research farm of Rajasthan College of Agri- Blackgram variety T 9 was sown on 7 July culture, Udaipur, during the rainy season, 1990. (kharif) of 1990 to study the effect of plant- Application of 40 kg P,O,/ha significant- growth regulators and phosphorus on black- ly increased the number of podslplant, test gram (Phaseolus rnungo L.). The soil was weight, grain yield, stover yield and biologi- clay loam in texture and alkaline in reaction cal yield (Table 1). There was 22, 15 and (pH 8.2). The available P was 16.8 kgha in 17% increase in grain, stover and biological the soil. Ten treatment combinations com- yields, respectively with the application of - i prised 2 levels of P (0 and 40 kg P,O,/ha) 40 kg P,O,/ha over the control. These results and 5 levels of plant-growth regulators, viz. are in confirmity to the findings of 2 levels of morphactin (10 and 20 ppm) 2 Venkateshwarlu et al. (1988). The signifi- levels of etheral (120 and 240 ppm) and a cant effect of plant-growth regulators was water spray as control, were tried in observed on number of podslplant, test
Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) varieties to nitrogen P. K. KAKATI , m. M. KALITA
Authors: P. K. KAKATI  , M. M. KALITA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at Jorhat L q s g , ? X % S during 1988-89 with 3 varieties of Indian !. a mn na mz v 8 ? i % f i o n cosson] as main-plot treatments and 5 levels s z z z %%? m? :Y : - mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) czernj. & $ w w o o w o w , o w 3 C I W Z - : % 4 of nitrogen as subplot treatments and was 2 2 :w : w z0 z1 t v- mm ov o w o w replicated thrice in split-plot design. The soil g * N C I ; r 4 n 3 S - was sandy loam with pH 5.8, containing or- $ ganic carbon 0.62%, available N, P and K @ 3 495.0 kglha, 28.5 kglha and 160.0 kglha re- ,$ spectively. A uniform dose of 35 kg P,O,/ha and 15 kg K,O/ha was applied.before sow- ing. Data were statistically analysed. All the yield attributes and yields were in- .s 5 Q
Herbicidal control of weeds in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: J. C. PRUSTY  , B. BEHERA  , S. K. MOHANTY
Published: December 2023

In Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) practice of hoeing and weeding (20 days af- Czernj. & Cosson] weed menace is one of ter germination) and weedy check were the important factors responsible for its de- tested in randomized block design with 3 creased yield. Gill et al. (1984) found 30% replications. Herbicides were used as pre- reduction in seed yield of Indian mustard emergence. The mustard variety BT 1 fer- due to weed competition. Weed removal by tilized with 40, 20 and 20 kg N, P,O, and manual method is costly and cumbersome. K,O/ha respectively was sown on 22 Octo- Therefore, present study was undertaken to ber 1988, maintaining 25-cm row spacing. find out appropriate source and level of her- The crop was thinned 10 days after gerrnina- bicides for weed control in Indian mustard tion to maintain plant-to-plant distance of 10 under such a situation. cm, weed control efficiency and weed index Eight treatments comprising 3 herbicides, values were computed. viz. isoproturon, oxadiazon and trifluralin The weed flora of the experimental site each @ 0.5 and 0.75 kg/ha and farmers included grasses, viz. Cynodon dactylon,
Rice-poultry-fish-mushroom integrated farming systems for lowlands of Tamil Nadu
Authors: A. RANGASAMY  , R. VENKITASWAMY  , S. PURUSHOTffAMAN  , Sp. PALANIAPPAN
Published: December 2023

Economics of ricepoultry-fish-mushroom system under lowland conditions in li1111il Nadu was studied during 1987-1992. A net profit of Rs 11,755% year was obtained in ricc--poultry-fish- mushroom integarated farming system (IFS) in 0.40 ha area. Conventional cropping system (CCS) with rieericegreen-manure/pulses gave anet income of Rs 6,334lyear from the same ama. I3y inclusion of poultry-fish-mushroom components in the IFS the net income per day inereased to Its 32.20 compared with Rs 17.35 in the CCS. An additional empolyment generation to the tune of 174 rna1~&1ys/0.40 ha/ year was also possible in IFS.
Sustainability rainy-season cropping systems under of dryland conditions of Vertisols
Authors: S. P. MULIK  , H. L. GHADGE  , A. S. JADHAV  , S. K. PAIII
Published: December 2023

ARSTRACT An experiment was conducted during 1988-1993 on Vertisols to study sustain:~hiltiy olri~iny-season (kharij) cropping systems under rainfed conditons. Grain yield of pearl millet [Pennrsc/re~r glcrrrc~rn~ (L.) Br. remend. Stuntz] (19.64 qha) incressed owing to intercropping with pigeonpea [CU~U~II,~ (I..) Millsp.] cawt (3.58 qha) compared with sole pearl millet (17 68 qha) showing complimentary ellccts. IDeilrl nlillet yield increased by 17.9% under sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)-pearl millet system coaipi~wd with continous pearl millet and by 32.8% under sunflower-pearl millet + pigeonpea system compnrcd with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moe~ch]Lpearl millet + pigeonpea system. Significantly highcsl monctilry returns (Rs 9.414ha) were obtained from pearl millet + pigeonpea (2 : I ) intercropping in ulrmnt-ycilr cropping. Similarly, sole pearl millet also gave significantly more monetary returns (Rs 6,98O/ha) than rcst of the sole crops. Sustainable valueindex was the highest (0.62) under pearl millet + pigeonpa (2 : I) intcrcropping, followed by sole pearl millet (SVI 0.50), indicating sustainability of these crops during tlic khctrifseason on nledium deep Vertisols ( 3 W 5 cm) of dryland areas.
Effect of tralkoxydim and its combination with other new herbicides on the control of weeds in wheat (Triticum ccestivum)
Authors: R. S. PANWAR  , R. K. MALIK  , S. S. RATHI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1991-92 and 1002 03 it1 Ilisilr. In both the years tralkoxydim or metsulfuron each applied alone at 300 q/ha and 4.0 qlliu signilicanlly reduced the population and dry weight of total weeds compared with the weedy ckck. Ilicir combinalion at same rate resulted in the excellent control of weeds like Phuluris minor Retz. Cheiro/)odir~nr alh~nn (L.) and Meliofus kica All. Number of tillershn in the weedy check reduced from 94 lo 58 in 109 1-92 and from 92 to 62 in 1992-93 compared with weed-free check. Similarly, the grain yicld olwlicit~ in the weedy check ranged from 3,005 to 3,241 kglha compared with 4,728 to 5,260 kgllia in tlic wccd-free check. Tank mixture of tralkoxydim+ tribenuron at 300+ 7.5 g/ha, tralkoxydim+ mclst~llitron i11300+ -- 4.0 g/ha or traldoxydim+ fluroxypyr at 300 + 200 qlha gave significantly higher gr:lin yicld olwlieal than weedy check.
Effect of variety, potassium and pl~nting method on growth and yield of rainy-season groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: A. K. PATRA  , R. C. SAMUI  , S. K. TRIPATHY
Published: December 2023

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Effect of varieties and sowing dates on disease incidence and productivity of fieldpea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: V. K. SINGH  , R. B. S. SANGAR  , R. N. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment of fieldpea (Pisumsativum L.) was conducted during 1989 -90 and lc)0O-91 at Ambikapur. Eady sowing (5 October) with tolerant variety Khaperkheda gave highcr grain yicld and showed lower disease incidence than Rachna and JP 789 under northern hills rcgion olMadliya Pradesh.
Efficacy of cultural and chemical weed-control methods in potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: V. P. JAISWAL  , S. S. LAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during 1991-92 and 1992-93 showed that weeds rcduccd 1Iie tuber yield by 42%. All the weed-control treatments significantly reduced the weed inf~ti~tion incrcased a~itl the tuber yield. The weed-control efficiency ranged from-8 to 100%. The treatmelit mulching + c:ir(Iiing up was found most effective and gave highest tuber yield. Treatments I hand-weeding + I c;~rtIiing up, oxyfluorfen and oxyfluorfen + 1 hand-hoeing caused similar increase. The dry wcight olwccds was significantly and negatively correlated with tuber yield.
Competition functions and economic viability of intercropping of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) in drylands
Authors: A. RAFEY  , N. K. PRASAD
Published: December 2023

Association of 100% population of sorghum [Sorgf~z~~n bicolor (L.) Moench] and 75% of blackgram (Phnseolus nlurtgo L.) accounted for maximum land-equivalent ratio (1.33) as well as grain yield (4.38 tonnesfha) and gave maximum monetary advantage (Rs 2,9601ha) and net retum (Rs 8,437lha). i.e. 17.6% and 370.0%, more net return than sole sorghum and sole blackgram respectively. The net return/ Re investment from this treatment was Rs 2.42ha. The relative net returns from this association over sole solghuln (Rs 1.12) and sole blackgram (Rs 2.44) were also highest. However, this treatment was very close to the stand of each component species with 100% population for all the parameters of evaluation. -, 1-
Production potential of summer legumes-maize (Zea mays) sequence under varying levels of nitrogen
Authors: P. K. GHOSHI  , N. P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar on sandy-loam soil to study the perfolmance of rainy-season (lcl~nr~fl niaize (Zen III~JJS L.) raised with va~ying levels of N (0,30,60 and 90 kglha) and in sequences with different preceding summer crops, viz. urdbean 01. blackgram (Pl~nseol~rs I I I ~ I I ~L.), O niungbcan 01. greengram (P. vndinnrs L.), cowpea [Vig~in ~r~~grriarlnm (L.) Walp.] fodder and grain and niaize Fodder. The maize grown atter cowpea for lbdder gave the highest grain yield, N uptake, whereas when grown atter maize for fodder showed lowest values. The inte~action effect showed that maize when grown after cowpea fodder and mungbean and supplement with 30 kg Nlha resulted in significantly highel- grain yield than 60 and 90 kg Nlhaas well as than other summer crops. Signiticantly higher net return, benefit : cost ratio were also recorded in cowpea fodder-maize sequence. Grain yield, net return and benefit :cost ratio increased significantly with increasing level of N up to 60 kgha.
Effect of Rhizobium inoculation, plant population and phosphorus on growth and yield of summer greengram (Plzaseolus radiatus)
Authors: S. K. SHUKLA  , R. S. DIXIT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during 1989 and 1990 to study the response of summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) to Rhizobium inoculation, plant population and phosphorus levels. Rhrzobium inoculation increased the dry-matter accumulation, number of nodulesiplant, nodule weight/ plank nutrient uptake and yield attributes. Plant population at 30 cm row spacing increased the grain yield (18.5%) and found superior to 40 and 20 cm spacings. Phosphorus @ 40 kg P20J/ha increased the grain yield by 17.2% over the control. Interactions among inoculation and phosphoms, row spacing and phosphorus and inoculation and row spacing were also found significant for yield attributes, grain yield and nutrient uptake respectively.
Crop-weed competition in summer greengram (Plzaseolus mdiatus)
Authors: A. N. SINGH  , SAHADEVA SNGH  , V. M. BHAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1992 and 1993 to study the crop-weed competition in sununer greengram or mungbean (Phaseolus radiaius L.). Predominant weeds of the experimental field were Chicorium intybus. Cjlnodon daciyion (L.) Pers., Cyperus roiundus L. and Commelinn con~munis L. Grain yield of summer mungbean was reduced by 34.88% due to competition with weed during the first 30 days afler sowing which increased to 49.15% when weeds competed with the crop for the enlire crop season. Grain yield was increased when the initial weed-free duration was extended up to 45 days afler sowing and further increase in the duration of weed free had no beneficial effect on grain yield. Weed emergence afler 45 days afler souring was low and thus smothered by crop. The application of pendimethalin (I kgha) and clomazone (1 kg/ha) also increased grain yield significantly over weedy for first 30, 45 days afler souring and up to harvest. The initial 45 days perioctconsidered to be the critical period with respect to weed-crop competition in mungbean.
Response of fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties to application of phosphorus
Authors: K. UMESHA  , S. PURSHOTAM
Published: December 2023

Identification of suitable varieties of cow- The soil was red acidic in reaction, me- pea [I/igrza unguiculata (L.) Walp.] for fod: dium in organic carbon (0.69%) and avail- der purpose and their nutritional require- able N (300 kglha), low in available P(6.2 ments specially of phosphorus is important kglha) and rich in available K (295 kgtha). for obtaining higher forage yields under There was a long drought ~~ell(33.8 mi,,- rainfed conditions. heref fore an attempt in 7 rainy days) from mid-June to mid-sep< was made to evaluate the comparative per- tember. The crop was sown on 18 Septem- formance of 4 cowpea varieties (IFC 8401, ber 199 1. A basal dose of 20 kg Nlha and IFC 8503, UPC 8801) and EC 4216) 20 kg K,O/ha was applied along with P as under 3 levels of phosphorus (0, 30 and 60 per treatment. The crop was harvested at kg P,O,/ha) at Tiptur. The experiment was 50% flowering stage which took 65 days conducted during the rainy season (khar~j) from sowing. A rainfall of 288 mm was re- 1991. ceived in 15 rainy days during the crop- growth period. Table 1. Growth parameters, green-fbcjder and dry mat- The plant height and number of leaves/ ter yields of cowpea varieties &q influenced by plant were not affected due to varieties and phosphorus phosphorus (Table 1). Green-fodder yields Treatment Plant Trifoliate Yield (qha) of IFC 8503 and IFC 8401 were signifi- he~ght lcavesl (cm) plant Green Dry cantly higher (9.7 and 16.4%, respectively) -- - fodder matter than EC 4216, while all these were at par Variety with UPC 8801. IFC 840 1 122.8 16.2 332.2 The dry-matter yield of IFC 8503 was IFC 8503 116.5 15.0 313.4 significantly higher than that of IFC 8401 UPC 8801 114.7 16.3 308.5 and EC 4216. There was a significant im- EC 4216 118.1 20.5 285.6 provement in dry-matter yield at 60 kg CD (P= 0.05) NS NS 26.9 P,O,/ha compared with the control. On pcr day production basis, the varieties IFC p,o, (kg/ha) 8503 and UPC 8801 performed better (a 0 113.1 15.3 300.7 mean yield of 493 kg green fodder or 59.3 30 120.4 18.5 317.4 kg dry matterlha) than EC 4216 cowpea. 60 120.5 17.2 311.7 A dose of 30 kg P,O,/ha is needed for fod- . CD(P = 0.05) NS NS NS der cowpea crop to obtain higher fodder yields.
Effect of weed control on yield attributes and yield of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)
Authors: R. B. S. BHADORIA. D. V. S. CHAUHAN H. S. BHADORIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kg P,O,/ha was given in all the plots clus- the rainy season (khartJ of 1990 and 1991 terbean or guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba at Gwalior, on sandy-loam soil. The soil had (L.) Taubert] variety HG 75 was used in 40% sand, 37% silt and 23% clay. The anal- the experiment in both the years. Major ysis of the soil sample showed pH 8.2-8.4, weed flora recorded in the field was Celosia conductivity 0.6-0.8, organic carbon argentea L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., 0.42-0.67, P20, 21.5-23.4 kg/ha, K20 Dactyloctenium aegypticum (L.) Willd., 270-320 kg/ha. The treatments were tested Digitarea sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Echi- in randomized block design with 4 replica- nochola colonum (L.) Link., Eclipta alba tions. Uniform dose of 20 kg Nlha and 40 L., Digera awensis (L.)Mart., Leptochoioa
Yield and economics as influenced by wiier maize (Zea mays)- based intercropping systems in North Bihar
Authors: K.K. SINHA  , S.S. MISHRA  , S.J. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1991-92 and 1992-93 to evaluate the yield and economics of-winter maize (Zea mays L.)-based intercropping systems under different fertility and weed-management systems at Pusa (Bihar). Maize grown with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in normal (1 : I ) and paired row planting (2 :2) reduced the weed population, their dry weight and increased the weed-smothering efficiency of crop canopy (66.10 and 60.59% respectively). Maize intercropped with potato was more advantageous than French bean.(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sig- nificantly improved all the yield attributes as well as yield of component crops and finally recorded significantly higher maize-equivalent yield (12.30 and 12.02 tonnesl ha) than normal (1 : 2) and paired planting (2 :4) of maize with French bean (9.81 and 9.65 tonneslha). On an average, maize htercropped with potato under normal ,-_ and paired planting systems, recorded 20.69 and 18.89% higher maize-equivalent yield than normal and paired row maize with French bean. Although gross return was more with maize + potato, the net return and net return per rupee investment were higher in maize + French bean. The higher level of fertilizer resulted in significant increase in all the yield attributes and yield of component crops and ultimately the maize-equivalent yield. Net return was significantly higher with 100% fertilizer dose but the net return per rupee of investment was higher with 75% dose. Weedy eco- system registered a yield reduction of 29.63,26.79 and 38.85% in maize, potato and French bean respectively. Significantly higher maize-equivalent yield was recorded under hand-weeding and pendimethalin-treated plots than weedy check. Chemical weeding recorded signicantly higher net return per rupee of investment.
Effect of weed management in direct-seeded, upland rice (Oryza sativa) at varying nitrogen levels
Authors: D.K. ROY S.S. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

In an experiment conducted during the rainy season of 1992 and 1993 SBR 34- 69-1 rice (Oryza sativa L.) having a denser crop canopy proved better than ES 18- 11-2 in terms of weed growth, weed-control efficiency, weed index and grain yield. Nitrogen at 80 kglha recorded the highest grain yield. Among the weed-management practices, minimum weed growth was obtained in weed-free check followed by butachlor.