bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Garbino Guilherme Siniciato Terra , Rezende Gabriela Cabral , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Brandão de , Lambot Amandine , Rocha Flávia Souza , Culot Laurence
Published: March 2022

The seasonal forest formations of the Atlantic Forest are a threatened and poorly known habitat. We present here a list of the non-volant mammals occurring in a 515‑ha forest fragment known as Santa Maria and located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Our surveys are based on live trap captures, camera traps, and active searches for footprints, as well as secondary data. We list 29 species of non-volant mammals in the fragment, recorded between 1996 and 2021. One species found in the fragment, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, is globally endangered. Two species are classified as "vulnerable" in the global red list: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, and Tapirus terresris. One species, Panthera onca, is classified as "critically endangered" in São Paulo state. The red howler, Alouatta guariba, was not recorded after 1999 and has probably been extirpated in the fragment. We show that the number of non-volant mammal species in Santa Maria fragment is high, in relation to its size. The fragment is also in a strategic position, between the Morro do Diabo state park and the Black Lion Tamarin Ecological station, the two largest protected areas in the region. Considering its high mammal richness and its possible role as stepping stone for the local fauna, we recommend that the fragment become a protected area.
Adaptation and acceptability testing of the Expector® vibration vest in horses
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Novo de , Silva Sofia Cicolo da , Zibordi Miriam , Barros Aline de Matos Curvelo de , Belli Carla Bargi
Published: March 2022

The project is based on a test of a thoracic vibration vest prototype, adapted to equines by the Expector® vest’s company, on healthy animals. Ten (10) equines were used in the project, male or female, adults, healthy, belonging to FMVZUSP or private owners. Each animal went through two phases: A and B. Phase A consisted of the placement of the vest without turning on the vibrators, evaluating the animal’s acceptability, facility, adaptation to the animal’s body, and discomfort due to the vest’s use. Phase B included the placement of the vest and turning on the vibrators, evaluating the animal’s acceptability, reaction to the vibrators, and, if present, to which velocity/type of vibration, and the presence of adverse effects. Both phases were done three times on separate days. The behavioral parameters: “placement facility” and “adaptation to the animal’s body” were observed. In phase B, the response to the vibration was classified from 0 to 5. The answer was evaluated on low and high intensities for the four vibration types. The heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were also evaluated at the beginning and end of each repetition. The animals’ HR was kept on normal, except for one animal on one day of the test. Concerning the RR, most animals presented moments of tachypnea. On the experiment’s first day, 100% of grade Great to “facility of placement” and “adaptation to the animal’s body” was obtained, but on days 2 and 3 this value dropped to 90% due to alterations in one animal’s responses. Regarding vibration’s responses, 77.3% were evaluated as no discomfort (grade 0), 17.1% little discomfort (grade 1), 3.3% medium discomfort (grade 2), 0.4% great discomfort (grade 3), 0.21% extreme discomfort (grade 4), and 1.6% non-acceptance of the vest (grade 5). Some possible changes on the prototype were also verified to be suggested to the manufacturer, such as the change of the buckle and the use of wireless control. Vest use appears promising for equine respiratory physiotherapy, considering the acceptability was good, and its efficiency on the expectoration of diseased animals must be tested.
Impuesto a la carne de Diamela Eltit: un libro ready-made
Authors: Rios Marina
Published: March 2022

A partir de la trayectoria literaria y artística de la escritora chilena Diamela Eltit, el siguiente artículo se propone indagar sobre una arista posible de los vínculos entre literatura y arte: la relación de la novela Impuesto a la carne (2010) con el ready-made de Duchamp como una figura del arte que se despliega en su prosa. Para llevar a cabo esta hipótesis se parte de las conceptualizaciones que el escritor argentino César Aira realiza del ready-made Duchampiano. Este cruce permite indagar acerca de las configuraciones del cuerpo y la voz en los personajes de la novela desde una perspectiva artística, más allá de los análisis biopolíticos desarrollados por la crítica literaria.
Ficção e história em A Paixão de Ajuricaba, de Márcio Souza
Authors: Silva Cassia Sthephanie Cardoso da , Chauvin Jean Pierre , Lachat Marcelo
Published: March 2022

Neste ensaio, discute-se a peça A Paixão de Ajuricaba – escrita por Márcio Souza e encenada, pela primeira vez, em 1974 – à luz dos eventos relacionados aos duros combates entre os invasores portugueses e os Manaús, no vale do Rio Negro, entre 1723 e 1728. As ações das personagens sugerem que essa obra é um marco na representação menos idealizada dos indígenas, que ganham voz própria, favorecidos pela ausência de um narrador.
Entre mim e os mortos há o mar: os motivos marítimos e a guerra em Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Cecília Meireles e Murilo Mendes
Authors: Resende Paola
Published: March 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar as imagens marítimas mobilizadas na abordagem da guerra nas obras de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Cecília Meireles e Murilo Mendes. Embora essa amálgama percorra grande parte da obra dos poetas, ela é concentrada ao longo da década de 1940 em A rosa do povo, Mar absoluto e outros poemas, As metamorfoses e Poesia liberdade. Nos três casos, o mar é operado como símbolo de instabilidade e fúria e, parte dessa imagem, denota seu vínculo com a violência da guerra. Além disso, o mar indica, em alguns poemas, a distância dos conflitos, é ele expressão do intervalo espacial entre os sujeitos poéticos e o front. Nesse sentido, o tema da comunicação, ou da obliteração da comunicação, é também central na análise.
Resenha de O crush de Álvares de Azevedo
Authors: Cordeiro Amanda Fernandes Teixeira , Oliveira Rhuan Fernandes de
Published: March 2022

Resumo: Resenha do livro O crush de Álvares de Azevedo, de Jandiro Adriano Koch.
Mulheres em situação de prostituição e covid-19: por que excluídas dos grupos vulneráveis?
Authors: Chiang Michelle Ishida , Basile Maitê Leite , Souza Ana Beatriz Pereira de , Moccagatta Isabella Dastler , Vieira Julia Rabello Guerra , Lourenço Thaís Rocha , Gonçalves Mariana Langanke , Pinto Helena Afférri Fernandes , Lowenthal Rosane , Ferrer Michele Lacerda Pereira , Klautau Giselle Burlamaqui
Published: March 2022

Esta pesquisa analisou a exposição de mulheres em situação de prostituição no centro de São Paulo à covid-19. Este estudo transversal contou com amostra de conveniência selecionada em maio de 2021. Entrevistou-se 219 mulheres majoritariamente negras, de meia idade, pobres e com comorbidades. Dentre essas mulheres, 61 tiveram sintomas de covid-19, 23 com teste positivo,7 foram internadas e 4 relataram complicações pós-covid-19. Somente 26 (30,2%) haviam sido vacinadas. Além das desigualdades de gênero, raça e classe, essas mulheres são expostas a um maior risco de contraírem covid-19, devido às condições de trabalho e por apresentarem doença grave relacionada à idade e falta de vacinação.
The Co-Production of National and Technological Orders
Authors: Barell Ari
Published: March 2022

This paper will follow the birth of Israel’s first military research organization, the Israeli Science Corps (“Hemed” in Hebrew), and present a glimpse at a formative moment in the creation of Israel’s military R&D system which is responsible for Israel’s leading role as an arms exporter and high-tech center. The article presents the historical context of Hemed’s establishment, explores the different actors involved in the struggle over its creation, and points to some of the reasons for Hemed’s success in becoming an important participant in arms production. The emergence of a new military R&D organization marked the rise and institutionalization of a new weapon-production culture promoting research, experimentation, and technological innovations. The outcome of this coalition between a group of scientists, a political leader, civilian industry, and academic institutions provides a case study in the co-production of new socio-political and technological orders.
Illustrious Jesuits: The Martyrological Portrait Series circa 1600
Authors: Harpster Grace
Published: March 2022

Before the Jesuits officially received their first saints, they capitalized on the power of the portrait series to promote their martyrs. The growing ranks of Jesuit martyrs, thought to number over a hundred in the early seventeenth century, allowed the order to participate in contemporary trends of serial portraiture as a means of legitimization. This article focuses on one crucial object in this history, a 1608 print depicting one hundred and two Jesuit martyrs in a repetitive and chronological format, published by Matthäus Greuter and Paul Maupin in Rome. An analysis of Greuter’s print demonstrates how the Jesuits coopted conventions of the portrait series to associate their martyrs with notions of Christian exemplarity and apostolic succession ingrained in the genre. The making of Jesuit identity cannot be disentangled from the discourse of portraiture, a category that includes the reiterative series as well as the naturalistic likeness.
Living Mysteries
Authors: Orlov Andrei A.
Published: March 2022

The study explores the early Jewish understanding of divine knowledge as divine presence, which is embodied in major biblical exemplars, such as Adam, Enoch, Jacob, and Moses. It demonstrates that the personification of divine knowledge in early Judaism and, especially, in the Jewish pseudepigrapha reveals a distinct “cultic” way of mediating the divine presence and, consequentially, the divine knowledge that can be designated as the “divine presence’s epistemology.”
Ancient Magic, Theurgy, and Philosophy
Authors: Shaw Gregory
Published: March 2022

This commentary reflects on Radcliffe Edmonds’ remarkable Ancient Magic, Theurgy, and Philosophy, focusing specifically on his study of the interface between theurgy and magic in late antiquity. Edmonds explores the striking similarities of theurgy and magic. After demonstrating a keen understanding of how theurgy worked for Iamblichus and the later Platonists, he compares its metaphysics and theory to the magical papyri. Although magicians were far less “theoretically inclined” than Platonic theurgists, Edmonds argues that they implement theurgical principles in their practices. He finds remarkable parallels and makes a strong case, but I argue that in one significant respect the magician and theurgist were profoundly different, a difference defined by the fact that Platonists like Iamblichus had passed through the withering catharsis of Platonic mystagogy, something that was not required or evident among magicians.
A striking new species of Blepharis (Acanthaceae) from north-eastern Somalia
Authors: BALDESI GIACOMO , VOLLESEN KAJ
Published: March 2022

Blepharis eilensis (Acanthaceae) is described as new to science. Blepharis eilensis belongs to subg. Acanthodium sect. Acanthodium. It is endemic to north-eastern Somalia, in the Nogal (Nugaal) region and is presently known only from the type collection. The species is compared with similar species from NE Africa (B. forgiarinii, B. diplodonta) and preliminary information on the ecology, distribution and conservation status of this new species is provided.
Does “Sludge” Require Cholecystectomy?
Authors: Rojas Brian , Stiles Anquonette , Roy Sara , Udekwu Pascal O. , Rutherford Edmund J.
Published: March 2022

Biliary sludge is a subjective, ill-defined term. Surgery is often consulted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, regarded as a low risk procedure.

After IRB approval, a word search was used to identify “sludge” in all ultrasounds performed in 2016. The number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, complications, pathologic findings, and risk factors were identified. Non-operative patients were evaluated for subsequent symptoms and studies or procedures related to biliary pathology.

2769 patients underwent RUQ US; 253 patients were found to have sludge. Of 48 (19%) cholecystectomy patients, 9 had cholelithiasis. No deaths occurred in the cholecystectomy group. Two surgical complications occurred. Fifty (24.4%) of the 205 non-operative patients underwent subsequent US imaging: 44% residual sludge, 28% normal, 18% stones, and 10% other.

Sludge may resolve 28% of the time. Repeat ultrasound is prudent before proceeding with cholecystectomy. If an abnormality is seen on repeat imaging and risk factors persist, cholecystectomy may be reasonable.
Potential Racial Threat on Student In-School Suspensions in Segregated U.S. Neighborhoods
Authors: Lee Jin
Published: March 2022

Persistent disparities in school exclusionary policies by race and ethnicity have long been recognized as a major issue in student disciplinary practices and in unequal opportunities for education. Only limited research has been conducted to provide insight into the varying effects of race and ethnicity on the recently increasing implementation of student discipline. This study examines racial imbalances in in-school suspension rates within school neighborhoods, which are defined as school districts and five-digit zip-code areas. This research provides partial but significant support for the racial threat hypothesis by presenting that racially uneven school districts and communities present smaller differences in in-school suspension rates between African American and White students and between Hispanic or Latinx students and White students.
Consumption Response to Government Income Subsidies: Korea’s Case
Authors: Kang Jong Woo , Tayag Mara , Sy Dominique
Published: March 2022

The Republic of Korea Government implemented a universal consumption subsidy program to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) economic downturn in 2020. Using granular, micro-level transaction data, we find that the subsidy scheme has stimulated household consumption immediately after receipt. Moreover, lower income groups demonstrate higher marginal propensity to consume than middle and higher income groups; this holds true even when creating synthetic control groups that model rational spending behavior. This can have a significant implication on the effectiveness of fiscal impulse. Using income and average historical credit card spending, we also demonstrate credit and liquidity constraints are major factors affecting consumption responses.
Public Health Detailing on Sexual Health Care in San Francisco: Learnings From Real-World Implementation
Authors: Stojanovski Kristefer , Decker Alyson , Brosnan Hannah , King Elizabeth J. , Cohen Stephanie E. , Fuchs Jonathan D. , Sachdev Darpun
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

Public health detailing is an intervention in which a public health professional visits health care providers to educate them about evidence-based approaches to improve health. The San Francisco Department of Public Health conducted a public health detailing program from 2016 to 2018 to improve sexual health care and preexposure prophylaxis services in the city.

Methods:

We conducted a mixed-methods study to understand the implementation of detailing and explore examples of changes to clinicians’ clinical behaviors. We surveyed 203 clinicians, conducted 60-minute qualitative interviews with 7 clinicians and 4 detailers, and analyzed tracking forms. We used descriptive statistics to assess associations in the surveys. We used qualitative thematic analysis to understand facilitators and barriers to detailing and identify ways to improve the process and identify its potential benefits.

Results:

In interviews, both clinicians and detailers had a favorable view of detailing as a tool to connect health department expertise to clinicians. Detailers cited challenges such as limited clinic time, provider turnover, and policies that limit their access to clinicians. These challenges may attenuate the real-world benefits of detailing. Clinicians offered examples of how detailing altered their behaviors, such as taking sexual health histories, building knowledge and confidence about sexual health, and using health department services. Matched surveys (n = 21) showed preliminary changes to prescribing preexposure prophylaxis.

Conclusions:

Public health detailing is a promising approach to increase clinicians’ knowledge and confidence to offer sexual health care services, build buy-in, and support connection to health departments. Detailing programs require sufficient investment and staff support to build lasting and collaborative relationships between clinicians and public health departments and to assess the impact of the intervention.
IRAN'S MODEL OF WATER DIPLOMACY TO PROMOTE COOPERATION AND PREVENT CONFLICT OVER TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS IN SOUTHWEST ASIA
Authors: Yeganeh Yasaman , Bakhshandeh Ehsan
Published: March 2022

Many countries of the world are suffering from the adverse consequences of water scarcity. The United Nations has estimated that, by the middle of the present century, about 7 billion people in 48 countries, mostly from Southwest Asia, will encounter water scarcity. This may be expedited by the adverse consequences of climate change and global warming which would escalate the risk of war and conflict over transboundary resources. The present research explores the ways water diplomacy can mitigate the dire effects of water scarcity and promote “treaty making” and “institution building” as well as multilateral cooperation on shared waters. The focus is on Iran's water diplomacy with neighboring countries over transboundary resources to forge cooperation and hamper conflict. Our findings suggest that Iran's water diplomacy is constructed on principles of “goodwill and cooperation,” “non‐significant harm,” “environmental protection,” and “exchange of data and information” on shared water resources with its neighboring riparian states. Such a model, which has resulted in no dispute between Iran and some of its neighbors such as Pakistan, Turkmenistan, and Armenia in recent years, demonstrates the broader benefits of Iran's approach to water diplomacy and paves the way for stronger cooperation in other areas of mutual interest. Additionally, it encourages multilateral engagement and “hydrosolidarity” within the framework of agreements and the formation of joint “water commissions” for the equitable and reasonable distribution of water among riparian states in line with the 1997 UN Watercourses Convention.
No Thanks! A Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Social Processes Shaping Persistent Non-Initiation of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants
Authors: Liebregts Nienke , McGovern Will , Spencer Liam , O’Donnell Amy
Published: March 2022

Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS), such as amphetamines, MDMA, and methamphetamine are a commonly used class of illicit drugs in Europe. There is a large existing literature on motives for the use of illicit drugs, often focusing on initiation. However, few studies have explored the reasons why some people choose not to use drugs (non-use), and even fewer focus on the social processes influencing non-use of ATS specifically. We explored social processes related to normalization, and how persistent non-users negotiate their non-use in social contexts where ATS is used, using qualitative interview ( n = 21) and survey questionnaire ( n = 126) data from a mixed-method study conducted in the Netherlands and England. Our findings showed that in both countries, most participants were repeatedly exposed to ATS use, often in social or nightlife settings. Participants abstained from use for a number of reasons, including: lack of interest in illicit drug use in general; desire to maintain control over their own behavior and environment; and to avoid the associated health risks. Social processes also shaped persistent non-use of ATS, via conscious socialization with, and selection of, other non-using peers over time. Our findings contribute to the literature on the normalization thesis, showing that recreational ATS use is only partly socially accommodated and normalized among persistent non-users, suggesting differentiated normalization.
Influence of External Vibration on the Gravitational Flow Characteristics of Cementitious Materials: A Perspective from Application in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Peerzada Abdul Basit , Rangaraju Prasad , Roberts James , Biehl Adam
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printable concretes require high plastic yield stress to retain the shape of the printed layers, however, to enhance the ease of pumping the cementitious system should have as low a plastic yield stress as possible. To address these opposing needs for printing and pumping, a vibration-based active rheology-controlled system which temporarily reduces the plastic yield stress during pumping has been designed. To study the response of the rheological properties of the cementitious system and its response to vibrations, a test setup which can simulate the vibration that occurs during pumping has been developed. An EN445 flow cone was modified by mounting a frequency-controlled vibration setup. The effect of vibration on the flow initiation, flow topology, and flow rate of cementitious systems with three different water-to-binder ratios, two pozzolans (silica fume and metakaolin), and multiple dosage levels of high-range water reducer and viscosity modifying agents was studied. Results from this study suggest a strong correlation between plastic yield stress, and the frequency and amplitude of vibration with implications for 3D printing.
Automated Vehicles Industry Survey of Transportation Infrastructure Needs
Authors: Wang Pei , McKeever Benjamin , Chan Ching-Yao
Published: March 2022

Automated vehicle (AV) deployment can bring about transformational changes to transportation and society as a whole. The infrastructure owner-operators (IOOs), who own, maintain, and operate the infrastructure, have the opportunity to work jointly with the AV industry to provide safe and efficient operations. A key question for the IOOs is, “What transportation infrastructure improvements do AV manufacturers believe will facilitate and improve AV performance?” This study was designed to address this question through a comprehensive survey approach, including an online survey and follow-up interviews. A list of ten questions was discussed, covering the physical and digital infrastructure, infrastructure maintenance, standards and specifications, policy support, data sharing, and so forth. The researchers reached out to more than 60 entities who hold the AV testing permit in California. In total, 20 companies responded. They were from different sectors and well represented the AV industry. From the results of this study, it is concluded that the most important roadway characteristics that have the potential to benefit the automated driving system (ADS) are: (1) digital mapping and signage; (2) lane markings; (3) work zone and incident information; (4) vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications; (5) actual traffic signals; (6) general signage; and (7) lighting. The digital features considered most critical to help accelerate ADS deployment include work zone and road closure information, traffic signal phase and timing, and traffic congestion. This study provides diverse voices and in-depth insights into topics that the AV industry and IOOs should engage in to advance AVs’ deployment.
ISPD peritonitis guideline recommendations: 2022 update on prevention and treatment
Authors: Li Philip Kam-Tao , Chow Kai Ming , Cho Yeoungjee , Fan Stanley , Figueiredo Ana E , Harris Tess , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Kim Yong-Lim , Madero Magdalena , Malyszko Jolanta , Mehrotra Rajnish , Okpechi Ikechi G , Perl Jeff , Piraino Beth , Runnegar Naomi , Teitelbaum Isaac , Wong Jennifer Ka-Wah , Yu Xueqing , Johnson David W
Published: March 2022

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis is a serious complication of PD and prevention and treatment of such is important in reducing patient morbidity and mortality. The ISPD 2022 updated recommendations have revised and clarified definitions for refractory peritonitis, relapsing peritonitis, peritonitis-associated catheter removal, PD-associated haemodialysis transfer, peritonitis-associated death and peritonitis-associated hospitalisation. New peritonitis categories and outcomes including pre-PD peritonitis, enteric peritonitis, catheter-related peritonitis and medical cure are defined. The new targets recommended for overall peritonitis rate should be no more than 0.40 episodes per year at risk and the percentage of patients free of peritonitis per unit time should be targeted at >80% per year. Revised recommendations regarding management of contamination of PD systems, antibiotic prophylaxis for invasive procedures and PD training and reassessment are included. New recommendations regarding management of modifiable peritonitis risk factors like domestic pets, hypokalaemia and histamine-2 receptor antagonists are highlighted. Updated recommendations regarding empirical antibiotic selection and dosage of antibiotics and also treatment of peritonitis due to specific microorganisms are made with new recommendation regarding adjunctive oral N-acetylcysteine therapy for mitigating aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Areas for future research in prevention and treatment of PD-related peritonitis are suggested.
CoaguChek® XS versus standard laboratory prothrombin time for anticoagulant monitoring in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Fonseca Maria Ester S , Balbi Gustavo G M , Signorelli Flavio , Gouvea Christiane P , de Andrade Danieli C O
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The standard of care for thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Prothrombin time, and its corresponding international normalized ratio (INR), is the laboratory test routinely performed to assess anticoagulation. Self-management of VKA therapy using point-of-care (POC) devices seems to be an attractive option.

Purpose/objective

To evaluate the accuracy of a POC device (CoaguChek XS) in APS patients by comparing it with venous laboratory INR. Furthermore, we analyzed whether other clinical and laboratory features could interfere with the CoaguChek XS results.

Patients and methods

This is a single-center cross-sectional study with 94 APS patients from a tertiary rheumatology clinic performed from August 2014 to March 2015. The comparison between CoaguChek XS and venous laboratory INR results was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (r) followed by the Bland–Altman test. A paired t-test was also applied. A difference of up to ±0.5 INR unit between the two systems was considered clinically acceptable.

Results

The mean CoaguChek-INR was 2.94 ± 1.41 and venous laboratory INR was 2.43±0.86, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.95. Categorizing INR values in ranges (INR <2, INR 2–3, INR 3–4, and INR >4), we found that the INR >4 group presented a lower correlation (r = 0.64) compared to the other ranges ( p < 0.05). Although both methods were highly correlated, CoaguChek XS showed higher values than the venous laboratory INR, with an increased average of 0.42 ± 0.54. Therefore, we proposed a simple linear regression model to predict the venous laboratory INR values, using results obtained from CoaguChek XS. A difference ≤0.5 INR unit between the two systems was observed in 57.4% of patients, and the aPL profile did not influence the results.

Conclusion

Although CoaguChek XS and venous laboratory INR demonstrated a good linear correlation in the group of INR ≤4, extra caution should be taken in APS patients, since a reasonable proportion of patients can present differences in INR results that are not acceptable. We do not recommend routine POC in APS patients.
Priority Setting for Collaborative Health Systems Research in India: A Method and the Way Forward
Authors: Mokashi Tushar , Panigrahi Smruti , Raman A. Venkat , Muraleedharan V. R. , Chokshi Maulik
Published: March 2022

A comprehensive and collaborative knowledge translation and decision-making approach can help reduce the longstanding barriers to using research in policy and practice. Regular interaction between researchers and decision-makers increases the likelihood of using research knowledge. This interaction continuing over the entire research cycle is critical for developing research directions and potential use of the research outputs that benefit the health system.

The India Health Systems Collaborative and ACCESS Health International have conducted a rigorous exercise to arrive at the priority research topics. A consensus-based method customised to the existing need was created, adapting from the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method for research priority setting. In this method, conducting literature reviews, key informant interviews and survey-based stakeholder consultations are critical steps for identifying policy-relevant research topics that demand utmost attention in the Indian setting.

This article documents the processes followed to develop a preliminary list of core research priorities requiring urgent attention to facilitate policy development. Additionally, the article is about the essential and immediate next steps and the critical actions taken to undertake collaborative research on the identified research topics. The special issue of the Journal for Health Management dedicated to strengthening the Indian health system sets the foundation for promoting collaborative research, its dissemination for broader use by researchers and ensuing policy dialogues.
Pax5 and CD3 immunophenotyping of lymphoma in 2 central bearded dragons
Authors: Rooney Tess , Ford Alexandra K. , Plattner Brandon L. , Highland Margaret A. , Eshar David
Published: March 2022

Two central bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps), a 3-y-old male and a 5-y-old female, were diagnosed with different manifestations of lymphoma at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 2019 and 2020. The 3-y-old male was presented for postmortem evaluation and was in poor body condition. Microscopically, nearly all examined organs contained variable numbers of neoplastic round cells. Neoplastic cells in the stomach and liver had moderate immunoreactivity to CD3 consistent with multicentric T-cell lymphoma, and non-neoplastic lymphocytes infiltrating the stomach mass had strong immunoreactivity to Pax5. The 5-y-old female had an ulcerated oral mass located in the right lingual gingiva submitted as an excisional biopsy. Microscopically, the mass was composed of large numbers of neoplastic round cells in the epithelium and connective tissue that were strongly and diffusely positive for CD3 and frequently positive for Pax5, consistent with a dual-positive, localized, epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphocytes did not stain with CD20 or CD79a. Neoplasms are increasingly reported as a cause of morbidity and mortality in reptiles. Our 2 cases illustrate various presentations of T-cell lymphoma and the effectiveness of CD3 and Pax5 immunohistochemistry in bearded dragons.
Maternal History of Child Maltreatment and Household Chaos: Examining the Mediating Role of Maternal and Child Psychopathology
Authors: Andrews Krysta , Khoury Jennifer E. , Tiwari Ashwini , Kirupaharan Sawmmiya , Gonzalez Andrea
Published: March 2022

Caregiver history of childhood maltreatment can have pervasive effects on familial and household dynamics. Maternal history of child maltreatment (MCM) is linked to maternal depressive symptoms and offspring behavioural problems. Further, maternal and child mental health are associated with chaotic home environments. In this study, we examined the potential mediating roles of maternal depressive symptoms and child behavioural problems in the association between MCM and household chaos. A sample of 133 mother–child dyads participated in home visits during which mothers completed questionnaires measuring their history of child maltreatment, depressive symptoms, household chaos and child behaviour problems. Mothers also conducted videotaped home tours related to household chaos. Structural equation modelling results indicated that MCM was indirectly associated with higher household chaos via elevated maternal depressive symptoms and child externalizing, but not internalizing behaviour problems. Interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of MCM on maternal and child psychopathology may positively influence household dynamics.
Theorizing Otherwise: Sites of Conscience and Gendered Violence
Authors: Tumarkin Maria
Published: March 2022

This article starts with the idea that a site of conscience is uniquely capable of keeping alive in the public imagination—as an open wound and as a call to action—the devastating persistence of gendered violence. It doesn’t seek to offer an account of how such a site might come to be imagined, let alone come into being. Instead, its focus is on the conceptual work required to make space for this kind of imagining. I argue that it is important to make and maintain a distinction between a site of memory and a site of conscience and that the category of time needs to be denaturalized and reconsidered in our conceptualization of the cultural work performed by sites of conscience.
A critical evaluation of mobile guided tour apps: Motivators and inhibitors for tour guides and customers
Authors: Podsukhina Ekaterina , Smith Melanie Kay , Pinke-Sziva Ivett
Published: March 2022

This paper identifies the motivators and inhibitors for using mobile tour guiding apps from the perspective of tour guides and customers. The study provides insights into the challenges of designing and developing apps through the evaluation of an existing tour guiding app and makes recommendations for further improvement. In-depth interviews were undertaken with tour guides from the WeGoTrip App as well as a sample of their customers. This study has important implications for app designers in terms of usability of such apps. It provides insights into the readiness of guides to adopt and promote such new developments, as well as the experiences of potential customers. The paper contributes to technology acceptance literature in the under-researched area of mobile app technology acceptance. The focus is on the motivators/inhibitors of guides and tourists to use/re-use mobile apps in the context of guided tours.
How youth participation and practice in global education initiatives are enacted in discourse
Authors: Todorova Ralitsa , Babel Lisa , Daiute Colette
Published: March 2022

The GENE Global Education Innovation Award aims to reward and support organizations whose goal is to provide innovative Global Education, valuing youth participation in democratic processes. Toward that end, funders are sensitive to whether and how organizations support youth participation and civic engagement. Funding applications, thus, become a way for organizations to enact their own values and strategies for promoting youth participation. This paper reports on a secondary analysis of applications to GENE, revealing an emphasis on participatory practices. The data includes 82 excerpts across eight applications awarded funding and 13 applications honoured as runners-up. Using values analysis, we explored how organizations described engaging participants and the importance of participants’ activities as forwarding the organization's purpose. Analysis uncovered three major values: Perspective on Participation; Rhetoric of Participation; and Agents of Participation. While all applicants shared similar values of youth participation in their organizations, how they expressed the importance of their participants differed. Ultimately, Awardees emphasized what their organization could do for participants, whereas the Runners Up focused on what their participants were doing through their engagement. The findings exhibit how participation and practice in Global Education initiatives are enacted in discourse.
Oxytocin inhibits hindpaw hyperalgesia induced by orofacial inflammation combined with stress
Authors: Li Yue-Xin , Li Jia-Heng , Guo Yi , Tao Zhuo-Ying , Qin Shi-Hao , Traub Richard J , An Hong , Cao Dong-Yuan
Published: March 2022

Oxytocin (OT) is recognized as a critical neuropeptide in pain-related disorders. Chronic pain caused by the comorbidity of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is common, but whether OT plays an analgesic role in the comorbidity of TMD and FMS is unknown. Female rats with masseter muscle inflammation combined with 3-day forced swim (FS) stress developed somatic hypersensitivity, which modeled the comorbidity of TMD and FMS. Using this model, the effects of spinal OT administration on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in hindpaws were examined. Furthermore, the protein levels of OT receptors and 5-HT2A receptors in the L4–L5 spinal dorsal horn were analyzed by Western blot. The OT receptor antagonist atosiban and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin were intrathecally injected prior to OT injection in the separate groups. Intrathecal injection of 0.125 μg and 0.5 μg OT attenuated the hindpaw hyperalgesia. The expression of OT receptors and 5-HT2A receptors in the L4–L5 spinal dorsal horn significantly increased following intrathecal injection of 0.5 μg OT. Intrathecal administration of either the OT receptor antagonist atosiban or 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin blocked the analgesic effect of OT. These results suggest that OT may inhibit hindpaw hyperalgesia evoked by orofacial inflammation combined with stress through OT receptors and/or 5-HT2A receptors, thus providing a therapeutic prospect for drugs targeting the OT system and for patients with comorbidity of TMD and FMS.
Coronary-pulmonary artery fistula with lung hypoplasia and a bicuspid aortic valve: A case report
Authors: George Blessen , Sood Michael R
Published: March 2022

Background

With an incidence of less than 1%, a Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Artery fistula (CAPF) is a rare coronary anomaly that causes heart failure. It causes a left to right cardiac shunt. While guidelines favor surgical correction in symptomatic patients, we present a challenging case with multiple cardio-thoracic pathologies.

Case Presentation

We present a 38-year-old obese male with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). He presented to our hospital in decompensated heart failure and AF with rapid ventricular response. He was found to have a CAPF, a bicuspid aortic valve and left lung hypoplasia in the presence of severely reduced left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The patient subsequently underwent various cardiac testing demonstrating advanced anatomical and physiologic involvement of his CAPF, including suggested coronary steal. Despite some indications for percutaneous or surgical referral, we optimized his AF and congestive heart failure in lieu of formulating a treatment strategy for his CAPF and other abnormalities.

Conclusion

This report illustrates a case of a young adult who presented in decompensated heart failure with newly diagnosed left ventricular systolic function and rapid AF, who had a triad of congenital defects including a CAPF, a bicuspid aortic valve and left lung hypoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this triad of defects is unreported. This case highlights the clinical approach in the evaluation of a cardiac shunt and it's management strategies in the presence of multiple cardio-thoracic comorbidities.
Worry, Perceived Discrimination, Lifestyle Changes, and Protective Factors During COVID-19: A Study With Recovering Patients in Delhi, India
Authors: Majumdar Sramana , Acholia Pragya , Saraf Simran , Khurana Siddhant
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 has affected people all over the world. For those who were infected by the virus, the repercussions go beyond immediate medical conditions to include social stigma, fear, uncertainty, and lifestyle changes. This study presents data collected as part of a mental health intervention (COVID Response) with individuals who had been diagnosed with coronavirus and had completed the minimum 14 days isolation period, in the city of Delhi, India. Through a survey conducted telephonically, participants self reported on six major mental health indicators: levels of worry, mood, lifestyle changes made through the phase of diagnosis and recovery, perceived discrimination faced due to the diagnosis, and the willingness to donate blood plasma. Descriptive findings show lower levels of worry than at the time of testing and diagnosis, positive mood states, and availability of social support. One Way Anova results further indicate that worry differed significantly across groups with differences in lifestyle changes, reported mood, availability of medical care, and the willingness to donate plasma. These findings contribute toward an informed understanding about recovery from coronavirus and sustainable coping with the pandemic, which can aid related health initiatives and evolving policy.
Influence of Maternal Education on Second Childbirth Interval Among Women in South Africa: Rural-Urban Differential Using Survival Analysis
Authors: Afolabi Rotimi Felix , Palamuleni Martin Enock
Published: March 2022

Inter-birth interval lengthening is a key component of fertility decline. Although South Africa fertility rate remains the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, information on the effect of education on the interval between first- and second-birth across residential contexts is rarely documented. The study investigated the relationship between maternal education and second-birth interval (SbI) by residence among South African women. The study analyzed the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey data on 6,039 women aged 15 to 49 years who had reported at least one childbirth at the time of survey. Survival analysis methods were applied at 5% significance level. The SbI was significantly longer ( p < 0.001) among urban (76 months) relative to rural (66 months) women. About a fifth of rural women and about a tenth of urban women had at most a primary education. Women who had a secondary education (aHR = 0.86; 95% CI [0.76, 0.96]) were 14% times more likely to delay second-birth compared to those who had at most a primary education in rural setting. Other determinants of SbI included region in rural; age at-first-birth and household wealth in urban; ethnicity, marital status at-first-birth and employment in both residential settings. The length of SbI remains long in both residential contexts, but longer in urban. Findings demonstrated rural-urban differentials in the relationship between maternal education and second birth interval, suggesting contextual impact. Fertility strategies targeted at strengthening health education for improved maternal and child health should be residential-context specific.
Outcomes, Complications, and Reoperations After Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Vasta Sebastiano , Zampogna Biagio , Hartog Taylor Den , El Bitar Youssef , Uribe-Echevarria Bastian , Amendola Annunziato
Published: March 2022

Background:

Outcomes following meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are an evolving topic.

Purpose:

To review clinical outcomes in younger, previously active patients who underwent an isolated MAT or MAT plus any osteotomy. Concurrent surgeries, complications, and graft survivorship are presented.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Inclusion criteria included having undergone MAT with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up with at least 1 of the following patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures collected pre- and postoperatively: visual analog scale for pain, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and overall satisfaction. From patient records, we recorded descriptive data, side (medial/lateral), previous or concurrent procedures, perioperative complications, revisions, and conversion to arthroplasty. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in age and body mass index (BMI). A 2 × 2 chi-square test was used to determine if the spectrum of procedures performed on our study’s patient group was representative of the entire population. PRO results were analyzed using a multivariate ANOVA.

Results:

From a total of 91 eligible patients, 61 (63 knees) met our inclusion criteria. Mean presurgery age was 25.5 ± 9.2 years, and mean BMI was 26.7 (range, 18.5-38.4). At follow-up (mean, 4.8 years; range, 1.0-13.6 years) overall PROs were statistically and clinically improved at final follow-up ( P ≤ .003); effect sizes were moderate and large. KOOS Pain and KOOS Activities of Daily Living showed some main or interaction effects that were trivial or small. Patient satisfaction with the treatment was ≥7 out of 10 in 85% of patients. A minimum of 1 subsequent surgery for various concerns was necessary in 23% of the 93 knees. Graft survival in the included patients was 100%.

Conclusion:

Complications (conditions requiring at least 1 subsequent surgery) affected about one-quarter of the patients who underwent MAT. Nevertheless, MAT seemed to provide our patients with adequate pain relief and improved function.
Caution, Preprint! Brief Explanations Allow Nonscientists to Differentiate Between Preprints and Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles
Authors: Wingen Tobias , Berkessel Jana B. , Dohle Simone
Published: March 2022

A growing number of psychological research findings are initially published as preprints. Preprints are not peer reviewed and thus did not undergo the established scientific quality-control process. Many researchers hence worry that these preprints reach nonscientists, such as practitioners, journalists, and policymakers, who might be unable to differentiate them from the peer-reviewed literature. Across five studies in Germany and the United States, we investigated whether this concern is warranted and whether this problem can be solved by providing nonscientists with a brief explanation of preprints and the peer-review process. Studies 1 and 2 showed that without an explanation, nonscientists perceive research findings published as preprints as equally credible as findings published as peer-reviewed articles. However, an explanation of the peer-review process reduces the credibility of preprints (Studies 3 and 4). In Study 5, we developed and tested a shortened version of this explanation, which we recommend adding to preprints. This explanation again allowed nonscientists to differentiate between preprints and the peer-reviewed literature. In sum, our research demonstrates that even a short explanation of the concept of preprints and their lack of peer review allows nonscientists who evaluate scientific findings to adjust their credibility perception accordingly. This would allow harvesting the benefits of preprints, such as faster and more accessible science communication, while reducing concerns about public overconfidence in the presented findings.