bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive–Affective Risk Factors of Female Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Strategic Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Sójta Klaudia , Margulska Aleksandra , Jóźwiak-Majchrzak Wioletta , Grażka Anna , Grzelczak Karolina , Strzelecki Dominik
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive and destructive phenomenon. There is a need for an integrated and comprehensive approach to IPV in order to align prevention, support and treatment. Still little is known about the cognitive and affective markers of IPV that are modifiable. Such knowledge, therefore, can support the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs. In this study, we put forward a hypothesis that, after accounting for the influence of sociodemographic variables, the domains of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and strategic emotional intelligence would provide additional information for predicting female IPV victimization. (2) Methods: 48 female survivors of IPV and 48 age-matched women with no prior experience of IPV completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3) and The Emotional Understanding Test (TRE). (3) Results: The domains of disconnection and rejection and impaired limits were significant predictors of IPV victimization, but the results did not support the predictive value for impaired autonomy, other-directedness and strategic emotional intelligence. (4) Conclusions: Our findings add to the emerging evidence of a link between disconnection and rejection domain and IPV victimization. As a consequence, maladaptive beliefs that interpersonal relationships are unstable and insecure and expose to the risk of humiliation and harm, and that basic emotional needs cannot be satisfied in close relationships, are associated with a higher risk of intimate partner violence. In this context, schema therapy appears to be a promising support for IPV victims.
The Knowledge-Sharing Implications of Social Responsibility of Firms: The Importance of Ethical Climate
Authors: Hong Yunsook , Kim Byung-Jik , Kim Min-Jik
Published: July 2023

Using a variety of theoretical foundations, this paper examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior, investigating the sequential mediation role of perceived organizational support and organizational commitment as well as the moderating role of ethical climate. Hypotheses were formulated to address both the sequential mediation effect of perceived organizational support and organizational commitment on the link between CSR and knowledge-sharing and the moderation effect of ethical climate on the relationship between CSR and perceived organizational support. In order to mitigate the problems of potential common method bias, data were gathered from a sample of 204 South Korean employees at three distinct time points. The results of the study offer compelling evidence that CSR activities exert a positive influence on employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior, an effect that is sequentially mediated by both perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the research uncovers the positive moderating role played by the ethical climate in the relationship between CSR and perceived organizational support. By integrating multiple theoretical frameworks, this study not only advances the extant literature but also offers invaluable insights for organizations striving to bolster knowledge-sharing through the strategic implementation of CSR initiatives.
A Classroom-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Literacy in Children: ALPHYL Study Protocol
Authors: Estevan Isaac , García-Massó Xavier , Menescardi Cristina , Ortega-Benavent Nuria , Montalt-García Sergio , Romero-Martínez Jorge , Castillo Isabel , Álvarez Octavio , Queralt Ana , Molina-García Javier
Published: July 2023

Physical literacy is crucial for children’s appropriate development and physical, social and mental health. In a school setting, class-based physical activity (PA) interventions are considered to be appropriate programs to foster PA participation and cognitive development. The purpose of this project, named the Active Learning in PHYsical Literacy (ALPHYL) study, was to describe a multicomponent classroom-based physically-active learning randomised control trial (RCT) in primary school children. The main purpose was to promote children’s physical literacy, academic achievement and cognitive function. The ALPHYL study is mainly based on physical literacy, active school models and the Supportive, Active, Autonomous, Fair and Enjoyable principles. The ALPHYL is an 8–10-week RCT to be conducted in six primary schools (12 classes) in Valencia (Spain) and its metropolitan area. Schools will be randomly assigned to the intervention or waiting-list control group. After a 30 h in-person training course for teachers and weekly meetings in the three months of resource preparation, the ALPHYL intervention will be conducted in physical education (PE) and non-PE lessons by teachers. The intervention consists of at least three daily sessions of physically active learning in addition to model-based PE teaching. Its feasibility will be evaluated weekly according to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. To assess its effectiveness, a pre-test, post-test and retention (8–10 weeks post-intervention) with primary outcomes (i.e., PA level, motor competence, perceived motor competence and PL, motivation, perceived social support, academic achievement and cognitive function), secondary outcomes and covariates will be collected.
Architecture towards Technology—A Prototype Design of a Smart Home
Authors: Racha-Pacheco Pedro , Ribeiro Jorge T. , Afonso José
Published: July 2023

Humanity’s way of life has been irreversibly transformed by new technological advancements during the past decades. Although such technological innovations have been gradually transposed into architecture, their full integration is not yet achieved. This article addresses the issue of incorporating cutting-edge technologies (such as smart thermostats, lighting sensors, security cameras, remote commands, graphic user interfaces, smartphones, mobile apps, gestures, voice commands, etc.) into urban small-scale residential architecture, in the future evolution context. For this purpose, a methodology was conceived that the main concepts regarding automation and information networks were researched, as well as their practice in some reference architecture cases. The guidelines for the prototype architectonic design were defined based on the previous knowledge acquired. Then, a prototype design of an intelligent home was iteratively developed as a machine for living in constant change. It was expected to contribute to increasing and disseminating knowledge in these fields, explaining their benefits and limitations. The prototype design presented in this article contributes to sensitizing architecture professionals to the importance of integrated and systematized thinking in all procedures of a smart home design.
Effect of Moisture Condition and the Composition of Aggregate from Demolition Waste on Strength and Workability Properties of Recycled Concrete
Authors: Kashkash Saied , Czoboly Oliver , Orban Zoltan
Published: July 2023

Large quantities of construction and demolition waste are generated annually, and in many parts of the world, it is disposed of in landfills. Utilizing this waste to produce coarse aggregates for concrete production offers a potentially sustainable approach that mitigates environmental impacts. Despite the widespread encouragement of using recycled aggregates as a substitute for natural coarse aggregates, practical applications remain limited, and the concrete production industry continues to primarily rely on exploiting natural resources. The recycling of concrete waste derived from the demolition of obsolete or damaged buildings as structural concrete has been seldom realized thus far, primarily due to regulatory constraints and concerns regarding technological difficulties. This paper presents a case study to demonstrate that, with meticulous preparation, concrete waste from a demolished building can be rendered suitable for use as structural concrete. The experimental investigation examined how the proportion of recycled aggregates obtained from a demolished building and the moisture content influenced the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The results revealed an increase in the compressive strength of the hardened recycled concrete as a higher proportion of recycled coarse aggregate was incorporated into the mixture. Moreover, pre-soaked recycled coarse aggregates were found to improve the workability of the recycled concrete mixture significantly. The results highlight the significant potential of utilizing concrete waste as a valuable resource in the production of ready-mix concrete for structural applications, provided that appropriate measures are taken to optimize its properties.
Analysis of the Circulating Metabolome of Patients with Cutaneous, Mucosal and Uveal Melanoma Reveals Distinct Metabolic Profiles with Implications for Response to Immunotherapy
Authors: Vilbert Maysa , Koch Erica C. , Rose April A. N. , Laister Rob C. , Gray Diana , Sotov Valentin , Penny Susanne , Spreafico Anna , Pinto Devanand M. , Butler Marcus O. , Saibil Samuel D.
Published: July 2023

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) than mucosal and uveal melanoma patients (MM/UM). Aiming to explore these differences and understand the distinct response to ICI, we evaluated the serum metabolome of advanced CM, MM, and UM patients. Levels of 115 metabolites were analyzed in samples collected before ICI, using a targeted metabolomics platform. In our analysis, molecules involved in the tryptophan-kynurenine axis distinguished UM/MM from CM. UM/MM patients had higher levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn), whilst patients with CM were found to have higher levels of kynurenic acid (KA). The KA/3-HKyn ratio was significantly higher in CM versus the other subtypes. UM, the most ICI-resistant subtype, was also associated with higher levels of sphingomyelin-d18:1/22:1 and the polyamine spermine (SPM). Overall survival was prolonged in a cohort of CM patients with lower SPM levels, suggesting there are also conserved metabolic factors promoting ICI resistance across melanoma subtypes. Our study revealed a distinct metabolomic profile between the most resistant melanoma subtypes, UM and MM, compared to CM. Alterations within the kynurenine pathway, polyamine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolic pathway may contribute to the poor response to ICI. Understanding the different metabolomic profiles introduces opportunities for novel therapies with potential synergic activity to ICI, to improve responses of UM/MM.
Daily Head and Neck Treatment Assessment for Optimal Proton Therapy Planning Robustness
Authors: Chang Leslie , Shaaban Sherif G. , Gogineni Emile , Page Brandi , Quon Harry , Li Heng , Ger Rachel
Published: July 2023

Robust optimization in proton therapy ensures adequate target coverage; however, validation of fractional plan quality and setup uncertainty in patients has not been performed. We aimed to assess plan robustness on delivered head and neck proton plans classified into two categories: (1) primary only (PO) and (2) primary and neck nodal (PNN) coverage. Registration at the machine was utilized for daily CBCT to generate a synthetic CT. The dose for the clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OAR) was compared to the expected robustness bands using 3.5% range uncertainty and 3 mm vs. 5 mm setup uncertainty. The fractional deviation was defined as D95% and V100% outside of uncertainty constraints. About 203 daily fractions from 6 patients were included for analysis. The percentage of fractions that exceeded robustness calculations was greater in 3 mm as compared to 5 mm setup uncertainty for both CTV and OAR volumes. PO plans had clinically insignificant average fractional deviation, less than 1%, in delivered D95% and V100%. In comparison, PNN plans had up to 2.2% average fractional deviation in delivered V100% using 3 mm robustness. Given the need to balance dose accuracy with OAR sparing, we recommend the utilization of 3 mm setup uncertainty as an acceptable simulation of the dose delivered.
Macrophage-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Khalili Saeed , Zeinali Fatemeh , Moghadam Fard Atousa , Taha Seyed Reza , Fazlollahpour Naghibi Andarz , Bagheri Kimia , Shariat Zadeh Mahdieh , Eslami Yeghaneh , Fattah Khashayar , Asadimanesh Naghmeh , Azarimatin Armin , Khalesi Bahman , Almasi Faezeh , Payandeh Zahra
Published: July 2023

Macrophages are types of immune cells, with ambivalent functions in tumor growth, which depend on the specific environment in which they reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a diverse population of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that play significant roles in several malignancies. TAM infiltration in malignancies has been linked to a poor prognosis and limited response to treatments, including those using checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor growth is an active area of research as targeting these cells may offer potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Numerous investigations have focused on anti-TAM-based methods that try to eliminate, rewire, or target the functional mediators released by these cells. Considering the importance of these strategies in the reversion of tumor resistance to conventional therapies and immune modulatory vaccination could be an appealing approach for the immunosuppressive targeting of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The combination of reprogramming and TAM depletion is a special feature of this approach compared to other clinical strategies. Thus, the present review aims to comprehensively overview the pleiotropic activities of TAMs and their involvement in various stages of cancer development as a potent drug target, with a focus on hematologic tumors.
Global Impact of Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) in Children: A Focus on Anti-GD2
Authors: Larrosa Cristina , Mora Jaume , Cheung Nai-Kong
Published: July 2023

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), as the name implies, are clonal antibodies that bind to the same antigen. mAbs are broadly used as diagnostic or therapeutic tools for neoplasms, autoimmune diseases, allergic conditions, and infections. Although most mAbs are approved for treating adult cancers, few are applicable to childhood malignancies, limited mostly to hematological cancers. As for solid tumors, only anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) mAbs are approved specifically for neuroblastoma. Inequities of drug access have continued, affecting most therapeutic mAbs globally. To understand these challenges, a deeper dive into the complex transition from basic research to the clinic, or between marketing and regulatory agencies, is timely. This review focuses on current mAbs approved or under investigation in pediatric cancer, with special attention on solid tumors and anti-GD2 mAbs, and the hurdles that limit their broad global access. Beyond understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance, the continual discovery of next generation drugs safer for children and easier to administer, the discovery of predictive biomarkers to avoid futility should ease the acceptance by patient, health care professionals and regulatory agencies, in order to expand clinical utility. With a better integration into the multimodal treatment for each disease, protocols that align with the regional clinical practice should also improve acceptance and cost-effectiveness. Communication and collaboration between academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies should help to ensure accessible, affordable, and sustainable health care for all.
High OCT4 Expression Might Be Associated with an Aggressive Phenotype in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Lambis-Anaya Lina , Fernández-Ruiz Mashiel , Liscano Yamil , Suarez-Causado Amileth
Published: July 2023

Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) of the intestinal tract have been implicated in its origin. The oncofetal protein OCT4 has been linked to neoplastic processes, but its role and clinical significance in RC are unknown. This study investigates the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 related to clinical-pathological characteristics and its clinical significance in RC patients. The expression level of stem cell marker OCT4 was analyzed in 22 primary rectal tumors by western blot. The association between OCT4 protein expression and the clinical-pathological features of tumors was evaluated by χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test. We demonstrated that the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was observed in tumor tissue but not adjacent non-tumor tissue. High expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was significantly associated with histological differentiation grade (p = 0.039), tumor invasion level (p = 0.004), lymph node involvement (p = 0.044), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.002), and clinical stage (p = 0.021). These findings suggest that high OCT4 expression is associated with a more aggressive RC phenotype, with a greater likelihood of progression and metastasis. These results shed light on the importance of targeting this CSC marker to attenuate RC progression.
Surgical Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Ulrich
Published: July 2023

Even though there have been remarkable advances in systemic treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies over the last few decades, in the vast majority of instances, surgery remains the sole therapeutic approach offering a chance for a definite cure [...]
Efficient and Stable Degradation of Triazophos Pesticide by TiO2/WO3 Nanocomposites with S-Scheme Heterojunctions and Oxygen Defects
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Chunxu , Yang Renqiang , Cheng Shuangli , Sang Xiaoyu , Zhang Meiwen , Zhang Jinfeng , Wang Zhenghua , Li Zhen
Published: July 2023

The prevalent utilization of organophosphorus pesticides presents a profound risk to the global environment, necessitating the immediate development of a secure and reliable methodology to mitigate this hazard. Photocatalytic technology, through the generation of robust oxidizing free radicals by suitable catalysts, offers a viable solution by effectively oxidizing organophosphorus pesticides, thus preserving environmental well-being. In this study, we successfully synthesized TiO2/WO3 (TO/WO) nanocomposites characterized by oxygen defects and S-scheme heterojunctions, demonstrating superior photocatalytic activity in the degradation of triazophos. Notably, the 60-TO/WO nanocomposite, wherein the proportion of WO comprises 60% of the total, exhibited optimal photocatalytic degradation activity, achieving a degradation rate of 78% within 120 min, and demonstrating exceptional stability, maintaining impressive degradation activity across four cycles. This performance was notably superior to that of standalone TO and WO. The presence of oxygen defects in WO was corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The mechanism at the heterojunction of the 60-TO/WO nanocomposite, identified as an S-scheme, was also confirmed by EPR and theoretical computations. Oxygen defects expedite charge transfer and effectively enhance the photocatalytic reaction, while the S-scheme effectively segregates photogenerated electrons and holes, thereby optimizing the photocatalytic oxidation of triazophos. This study introduces a novel nanocomposite material, characterized by oxygen defects and the S-scheme heterojunction, capable of effectively degrading triazophos and promoting environmental health.
Improving Separation Efficiency of Photogenerated Charges through Combination of Conductive Polythiophene for Selective Production of CH4
Authors: Deng Yiqiang , Tu Lingxiao , Wang Ping , Chen Shijian , Zhang Man , Xu Yong , Dai Weili
Published: July 2023

In today’s society, mankind is confronted with two major problems: the energy crisis and the greenhouse effect. Artificial photosynthesis can use solar energy to convert the greenhouse gas CO2 into high-value compounds, which is an ideal solution to alleviate the energy crisis and solve the problem of global warming. The combination of ZnO and polythiophenes (PTh) can make up for each other’s drawbacks, thus improving the photoresponse behavior and separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers. The PTh layer can transfer photogenerated electrons to ZnO, thereby extending the lifetime of the photogenerated charges. The production rate of CH4 from the photoreduction of CO2 with ZnO/PTh10 is 4.3 times that of pure ZnO, and the selectivity of CH4 is increased from 70.2% to 92.2%. The conductive PTh can absorb photons to induce π–π* transition, and the photogenerated electrons can transfer from the LUMO to the conduction band (CB) of ZnO, thus more electrons are involved in the reduction of CO2.
Polyol Synthesis of Ag-Doped Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as a Methylene Blue-Degrading Agent
Authors: Baste Yogeshwar , Jadhav Vikram , Roy Arpita , Alghamdi Saad , Abbas Mohamed , Algethami Jari S. , Almehmadi Mazen , Allahyani Mamdouh , Verma Devvret , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Jeon Byong-Hun , Park Hyun-Kyung
Published: July 2023

The use of metal oxide nanomaterials as photocatalysts for wastewater treatment has received significant attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, we use a polyol-mediated refluxing method to synthesize silver-incorporated copper oxide nanomaterials (Ag@CuO NMs). The use of tetra butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as a capping agent and ethylene glycol as a reducing agent for Ag+ to Ag is elaborated upon. The prepared Ag@CuO NMs were tested for their ability to degrade water pollutants, specifically methylene blue (MB) dye. Two different Ag contents, weights of 3% and 5%, were used to produce modified CuO-based nanomaterials. The crystalline structures of the NMs were characterized via XRD diffraction, and the morphology of the materials was investigated using FE-SEM. The optical properties were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag@CuO NMs was evaluated by analyzing the degradation of MB dye when exposed to UV-visible light. Our results showed that the 5% weight Ag@CuO NM sample exhibited the most efficient degradation activity against MB dye. Therefore, these nanomaterials hold potential for photocatalytic applications, particularly for wastewater purification.
High Performance of Nanostructured Cu2O-Based Photodetectors Grown on a Ti/Mo Metallic Substrate
Authors: Abdelmoneim Alhoda , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Sh. , Lee June Key , Abdul Hameed Meera Moydeen , Thamer Badr M. , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Alkhalifah Rayana Ibrahim , Tawfik Wael Z.
Published: July 2023

In this work, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films were prepared using a simplistic sputtering technique. The films were grown on both traditional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and Ti-metallic substrates. X-ray diffraction applied for investigation of the crystal structure proved that the Cu2O layer acquires the cubic structure with a (111) main peak at 2θ of 36.46°. The optical absorption and transmission were detected through the utilization of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the optical bandgap for the Cu2O layer was determined to be ~2.15 eV using Tauc’s equation. XPS and scanning electron microscopy were also performed for chemical structure and morphological investigation, respectively. The optoelectronic behaviors for the prepared samples were carried out using a Keithley source meter; the photocurrent density was measured in a range of applied voltage between −1 and 1 volt under the illumination of a xenon lamp with a power density of 100 mWcm−2. External quantum efficiency, sensitivity, responsivity, and detectivity were computed using proprietary models based on the experimental data.
Early Detection of Pre-Cancerous and Cancerous Cells Using Raman Spectroscopy-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Sharaha Uraib , Hania Daniel , Lapidot Itshak , Salman Ahmad , Huleihel Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

Cancer is the most common and fatal disease around the globe, with an estimated 19 million newly diagnosed patients and approximately 10 million deaths annually. Patients with cancer struggle daily due to difficult treatments, pain, and financial and social difficulties. Detecting the disease in its early stages is critical in increasing the likelihood of recovery and reducing the financial burden on the patient and society. Currently used methods for the diagnosis of cancer are time-consuming, producing discomfort and anxiety for patients and significant medical waste. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of Raman spectroscopy-based machine learning for the identification and characterization of precancerous and cancerous cells. As a representative model, normal mouse primary fibroblast cells (NFC) as healthy cells; a mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH/3T3), as precancerous cells; and fully malignant mouse fibroblasts (MBM-T) as cancerous cells were used. Raman spectra were measured from three different sites of each of the 457 investigated cells and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Our results showed that it was possible to distinguish between the normal and abnormal (precancerous and cancerous) cells with a success rate of 93.1%; this value was 93.7% when distinguishing between normal and precancerous cells and 80.2% between precancerous and cancerous cells. Moreover, there was no influence of the measurement site on the differentiation between the different examined biological systems.
The Emerging Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) and Alarmins in Celiac Disease: An Update on Pathophysiological Insights, Potential Use as Disease Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Rizzi Angela , Di Gioacchino Mario , Gammeri Luca , Inchingolo Riccardo , Chini Raffaella , Santilli Francesca , Nucera Eleonora , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: July 2023

Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal disease that develops in genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by the ingestion of gluten. CD was considered a Th1-disease. Today, the role of Th17, IL-21, and IL-17A lymphocytes is well known. Inflammation is regulated by the activity of gluten-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-21, perpetuating the Th1 response. These cytokines determine an inflammatory state of the small intestine, with consequent epithelial infiltration of lymphocytes and an alteration of the architecture of the duodenal mucosa. B cells produce antibodies against tissue transglutaminase and against deamidated gliadin. Although the role of the adaptive immune response is currently known, the evidence about the role of innate immunity cells is still poorly understood. Epithelial damage determines the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), also known as alarmins. Together with the intestinal epithelial cells and the type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), alarmins like TSLP, IL-33, and HMGB1 could have a fundamental role in the genesis and maintenance of inflammation. Our study aims to evaluate the evidence in the literature about the role of ILCs and alarmins in celiac disease, evaluating the possible future diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Functional Nanostructured Materials in the Cosmetics Industry: A Review
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Agarwal Pooja , Sebghatollahi Zahra , Mahato Neelima
Published: July 2023

Cosmetics have always been in demand across the globe among people of all age groups. In the modern cosmetic world, nanostructured materials have proven hugely advantageous in producing cosmeceuticals or ‘nano-cosmeceuticals’ and various beauty products. The application of nanostructured materials in cosmetic products possesses some challenges in terms of short- and long-term safety and environmental issues, despite their growing popularity. The nanostructured particles in cosmeceuticals provide a targeted route of administration due to their high penetrability, site selectivity, high effectiveness, prolonged activity, and drug encapsulation potential. However, standard methods for toxicity evaluation may not be relevant for cosmeceuticals, leading to the need for an alternative methodology. This review article compiles detailed descriptions of all significant aspects of nanostructured materials in the cosmetics industry, which include the synthesis and characterization of relevant nanostructured materials for cosmeceuticals, state-of-the-art practices, mechanisms for the synthesis of advanced materials, toxicological concerns in terms of health risks in humans, and environmental concerns. Also, a proposal for new approaches in terms of regulatory measures to mitigate these problems has been suggested. The primary focus of this article is to provide a comprehensive outlook on this subject area and contribute to the exploration of new prospects and emerging roles of nanostructured materials in the cosmetics industry.
Coupling 2-Aminopurine with DNA Copper Nanoparticles as a Rapid and Enzyme-Free System for Operating DNA Contrary Logic Pairs
Authors: Wang Jun , Han Jiawen , Lv Xujuan , Hou Jingyu , Fan Daoqing , Dong Shaojun
Published: July 2023

Exploring affordable and efficient platform for innovative DNA computing is of great significance. Herein, by coupling 2-aminopurine (2AP) with DNA copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as two universal opposite outputs, we, for the first time, fabricated a rapid and enzyme-free system for operating DNA contrary logic pairs (D-CLPs). Notably, derived from the rapid and concomitant response of both fluorescent probes, different D-CLPs can be achieved via a “double-results-half-efforts” manner in less than 20 min with low-cost. Moreover, based on the same system, the smart ratiometric analysis of target DNA was realized by employing the high reliability and accuracy of D-CLPs, providing a robust and typical paradigm for the exploration of smart nucleic acid sensors.
Low-Temperature Properties of the Sodium-Ion Electrolytes Based on EC-DEC, EC-DMC, and EC-DME Binary Solvents
Authors: Lutsenko Denis S. , Belova Ekaterina V. , Zakharkin Maxim V. , Drozhzhin Oleg A. , Antipov Evgeny V.
Published: July 2023

Sodium-ion batteries are a promising class of secondary power sources that can replace some of the lithium-ion, lead–acid, and other types of batteries in large-scale applications. One of the critical parameters for their potential use is high efficiency in a wide temperature range, particularly below 0 °C. This article analyzes the phase equilibria and electrochemical properties of sodium-ion battery electrolytes that are based on NaPF6 solutions in solvent mixtures of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC:DEC), dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC), and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (EC:DME). All studied electrolytes demonstrate a decrease in conductivity at lower temperatures and transition to a quasi-solid state resembling “wet snow” at certain temperatures: EC:DEC at −8 °C, EC:DMC at −13 °C, and EC:DME at −21 °C for 1 M NaPF6 solutions. This phase transition affects their conductivity to a different degree. The impact is minimal in the case of EC:DEC, although it partially freezes at a higher temperature than other electrolytes. The EC:DMC-based electrolyte demonstrates the best efficiency at temperatures down to −20 °C. However, upon further cooling, 1 M NaPF6 in EC:DEC retains a higher conductivity and lower resistivity in symmetrical Na3V2(PO4)3-based cells. The temperature range from −20 to −40 °C is characterized by the strongest deterioration in the electrochemical properties of electrolytes: for 1 M NaPF6 in EC:DMC, the charge transfer resistance increased 36 times, and for 1 M NaPF6 in EC:DME, 450 times. For 1 M NaPF6 in EC:DEC, the growth of this parameter is much more modest and amounts to only 1.7 times. This allows us to consider the EC:DEC-based electrolyte as a promising basis for the further development of low-temperature sodium-ion batteries.
Capacitive, Highly Selective Zeolite-Based Ammonia Sensor for Flue Gas Applications
Authors: Wöhrl Thomas , Kita Jaroslaw , Moos Ralf , Hagen Gunter
Published: July 2023

The selective detection of different gas components will remain of huge importance in the future, either in the ambient air or in flue gases, e.g., for controlling purposes of combustion processes. The focus here is on the development of a highly selective ammonia sensor that will be exemplarily used in the flue gas of biomass combustion plants with catalysts for nitrogen oxide reduction. Such applications require a robust sensor design, in this case, based on a ceramic substrate. The gaseous ammonia is detected with the help of a zeolite film, whose selective adsorption properties towards ammonia are already intensively being used in the field of flue gas catalysis. The adsorption and desorption of ammonia on the gas-sensitive zeolite film lead to changes in the dielectric properties of the functional material. Using an interdigital electrode (IDE) structure below the zeolite film, the capacitance was determined as a measure of the ammonia concentration in the gas. In this context, the fabrication of all layers of the sensor in the thick film with subsequent laser patterning of the IDE structure enables a cost-efficient and effective method. The functionality of this sensor principle was extensively tested during measurements in the laboratory. A high and fast response to ammonia was detected at different sensor temperatures. In addition, very low cross-sensitivities to other gas components such as water (very low) and oxygen (zero) were found.
Penile Length Assessment of Children Treated for Primary Buried Penis: Can Satisfying Penile Growth Always Be Achieved?
Authors: Pensabene Marco , Sergio Maria , Baldanza Fabio , Grasso Francesco , Serra Gregorio , Spataro Benedetto , Bonfiglio Roberta , Patti Maria , Maggiore Valentina , Cambiaso Chiara , Giuffré Mario , Corsello Giovanni , Cimador Marcello , Di Pace Maria Rita
Published: July 2023

Primary buried (BP) penis is describes as a small penis caused by a penile ligaments anomaly; it is unclear if a primary BP could reach a normal length. We selected 49 patients treated at our institution between 2015 and 2020 in order to post-operatively evaluate the SPL after one year. SPL was evaluated according to the PH Tanner staging system for pre-pubertal patients according to age-normalized values. A micropenis was detected if the SPL was below 2.5 SD. A normal SPL was found in thirty-two patients, eighteen were in PH Stage 1, four were in PH Stage 2, six were in PH Stage 3, and four were in PH Stage 5. Seventeen patients showed a reduced SPL; in seven of these (four in PH Stage 4 and three in PH Stage 5), their SPL was <2.5 ST. The difference in micropenis prevalence between the pre-pubertal and post-pubertal patients was significant (p = 0.038). A primary BP grows normally during the pre-pubertal period, where patients frequently showed a normal SPL, but it seems to be unable to reach a normal length in the higher PH stages, where the SPL is used to detect a micropenis. We suggest that a primary BP should be considered not as a simple defect of the penile ligaments and surrounding tissues, but as an incomplete manifestation of a micropenis due to a growth slowdown of the organ in late puberty.
Body Image and Lifestyle Behaviors in High School Adolescents
Authors: Bordeleau Manon , Alméras Natalie , Panahi Shirin , Drapeau Vicky
Published: July 2023

This secondary data analysis study aimed to examine the associations between 1) body size perception (BSP) and body size dissatisfaction (BSD) and 2) lifestyle behaviors and BSP and BSD in adolescents. The study pooled cross-sectional data from two studies (n = 301) performed in adolescents. Weight and height were measured, while lifestyle behaviors and perceived actual and desired body size variables were self-reported. Linear regression analysis assessed the contribution of sex and zBMI to BSP and BSD scores. Pearson’s correlation explored associations between BSP and BSD. Cohen’s effect sizes compared satisfied and dissatisfied adolescents within the underestimators subgroup. A positive association between BSP and BSD scores was observed among girls living with normal-weight and overweight/obesity only (r = 0.26; p ≤ 0.001 and r = 0.38; p < 0.05, respectively). Underestimators who were satisfied with their body size showed a moderate effect size for a lower zBMI, a small effect size for lower screen time, and higher sleep duration compared to dissatisfied underestimators. Underestimation was associated with more body size satisfaction in adolescent girls with normal weight and overweight/obesity, suggesting a protective effect of underestimation. These findings support the hypothesis that body size satisfaction and underestimation in adolescents is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors.
Knowledge and Attitudes around First Aid and Basic Life Support of Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers and Parents in Taif City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tamur Shadi , Alasmari Raghad Mousa , Alnemari Matooqa Abdulkareem , Altowairgi Manar Abdullah , Altowairqi Atheer Hammad , Alshamrani Nouf Mohammed , Aljaid Maryam , Al-Malki Sultan , Khayat Abdullah , Alzahrani Ahmad , Shams Anwar
Published: July 2023

Background: The foremost cause of children’s (1–19 year) death is inadvertent injuries. While most of these accidental harms occur at home and school, rapid and suitable parental and teacher intervention is required to increase the chances of a child’s survival. Therefore, both parents and teachers of the children in kindergarten and elementary school must be knowledgeable in first aid practice and basic life support (BLS) training. Objectives: In the current study, our ambition is to evaluate the orientation level, knowledge, and attitudes around first aid and BLS training of kindergarten and elementary school teachers and parents in the city of Taif, Makkah region. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Taif, Saudi Arabia, targeted kindergarten and elementary school teachers and parents of students enrolled at these levels. There were 648 participants included in this study. The researchers assessed teachers’ and parents’ knowledge and attitudes around first aid and BLS using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire. Results: The study included 648 participants, including 248 (38.3%) teachers and 400 (61.7%) parents. The socio-demographic analysis showed that 412 (63.6%) are females and 233 (36.5%) are between the ages of 36 and 45 years. Approximately 142 (21.9%) participants reported previous training in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) program, though more than half of them (53.5%) had outdated certificates (more than 2 years). The mean total knowledge for our study was 4.6 ± 1.4, with 22.4% of the participants being educated about first aid support and expressing a fair level of CPR foundations. Only a small percentage (2.3%) of the participants exposed a good and adequate theoretical level of knowledge around CPR skills and performance, while most of the contributors unveiled a poor level of knowledge (over 75%). There were no statistically significant differences between parents and teachers (p > 0.05). Finally, numerous participants (85%) appreciated training in the CPR program, and the most common motive was a “wish to avoid unnecessary death”. Conclusions: We concluded that a sizable portion of the contributors expressed a lack of proficiency in the fundamental CPR training knowledge and skills, pointing to an alarming public concern. Promisingly, a sizable percentage of participants expressed motivated attitudes toward CPR training. Therefore, additional study and data are required to effectively combat injury, with an emphasis on investigating causes and risk factors, burden and socioeconomic health determinants, community awareness level and desire to contribute, and accessibility for disseminating specific intervention strategies.
Human Milk Feeding Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Moderate-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Verd Sergio , Porta Roser , Ginovart Gemma , Avila-Alvarez Alejandro , García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Ventura Paula Sol
Published: July 2023

Background: An increased rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is reported in extremely preterm infants. A potential role of human milk feeding in protecting against this condition has been suggested. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted based on data about morbidity in the population of infants born between 22+0 and 26+6 weeks of gestation, included in the Spanish network SEN1500 during the period 2004–2019 and discharged alive. The primary outcome was moderate-severe BPD. Associated conditions were studied, including human milk feeding at discharge. The temporal trends of BPD and human milk feeding rates at discharge were also studied. Results: In the study population of 4341 infants, the rate of moderate-severe BPD was 43.7% and it increased to >50% in the last three years. The factors significantly associated with a higher risk of moderate-severe BPD were birth weight, male sex, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, patent ductus arteriosus, and late-onset sepsis. Exclusive human milk feeding and any amount of human milk at discharge were associated with a lower incidence of moderate-severe BPD (OR 0.752, 95% CI 0.629–0.901 and OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.602–0.847, respectively). During the study period, the proportion of infants with moderate-severe BPD fed any amount of human milk at discharge increased more than twofold. And the proportion of infants with moderate-severe BPD who were exclusively fed human milk at discharge increased at the same rate. Conclusions: Our work shows an inverse relationship between human milk feeding at discharge from the neonatal unit and the occurrence of BPD.
A Psycho-Dynamically Oriented Reflection on Early Sexual Relationships in Pre-Adolescents
Authors: Cerniglia Luca , Cimino Silvia
Published: July 2023

Pre-adolescence is generally considered a period of change during which sexual energy remains latent before gradually beginning to express itself in adolescence and later in life [...]
Exosome Analysis in Prostate Cancer: How They Can Improve Biomarkers’ Performance
Authors: Salciccia Stefano , Frisenda Marco , Bevilacqua Giulio , Gobbi Luca , Bucca Bruno , Moriconi Martina , Viscuso Pietro , Gentilucci Alessandro , Mariotti Gianna , Cattarino Susanna , Forte Flavio , Fais Stefano , Logozzi Mariantonia , Sciarra Beatrice , Sciarra Alessandro
Published: July 2023

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (EV), that is, carriers of different biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Their composition and the fact that their release dramatically increases in cases of tumorigenesis open up different scenarios on their possible application to research into new biomarkers. The first purpose of the present review was to specifically analyze and compare different methodologies available for the use of exosomes in prostate cancer (PC). The most widely applied methodologies include ultracentrifugation techniques, size-based techniques, immunoaffinity capture-based techniques (mainly ELISA), and precipitation. To optimize the acquisition of exosomes from the reference sample, more techniques can be applied in sequence for a single extraction, thereby determining an increase in labor time and costs. The second purpose was to describe clinical results obtained with the analysis of PSA-expressing exosomes in PC; this provides an incredibly accurate method of discriminating between healthy patients and those with prostate disease. Specifically, the IC-ELISA alone method achieved 98.57% sensitivity and 80.28% specificity in discriminating prostate cancer (PC) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). An immunocapture-based ELISA assay was performed to quantify and characterize carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX expression in exosomes. The results revealed that CA IX positive exosomes were 25-fold higher in plasma samples from PC patients than in those from healthy controls. The analysis of PC-linked exosomes represents a promising diagnostic model that can effectively distinguish patients with PC from those with non-malignant prostatic disease. However, the use of exosome analysis in clinical practice is currently limited by several issues, including a lack of standardization in the analytical process and high costs, which are still too high for large-scale use.
Identification of a Novel ERK5 (MAPK7) Inhibitor, MHJ-627, and Verification of Its Potent Anticancer Efficacy in Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells
Authors: Hwang Jeonghye , Moon Hyejin , Kim Hakwon , Kim Ki-Young
Published: July 2023

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, is involved in key cellular processes. However, overexpression and upregulation of ERK5 have been reported in various cancers, and ERK5 is associated with almost every biological characteristic of cancer cells. Accordingly, ERK5 has become a novel target for the development of anticancer drugs as inhibition of ERK5 shows suppressive effects of the deleterious properties of cancer cells. Herein, we report the synthesis and identification of a novel ERK5 inhibitor, MHJ-627, and verify its potent anticancer efficacy in a yeast model and the cervical cancer HeLa cell line. MHJ-627 successfully inhibited the kinase activity of ERK5 (IC50: 0.91 μM) and promoted the mRNA expression of tumor suppressors and anti-metastatic genes. Moreover, we observed significant cancer cell death, accompanied by a reduction in mRNA levels of the cell proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), following ERK5 inhibition due to MHJ-627 treatment. We expect this finding to serve as a lead compound for further identification of inhibitors for ERK5-directed novel approaches for oncotherapy with increased specificity.
Concrete Alkali–Aggregate-Reactivity-Induced Steel Reinforcement Corrosion
Authors: Melchers Robert E. , Humphrey Henry
Published: July 2023

The alkali–aggregate reactivity (AAR) of concrete, long known for mass concrete, can also induce corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures. Several examples are given for which the origin of observed reinforcement corrosion and loss of concrete cover originally was attributed to chloride-induced or to carbonation-induced reinforcement corrosion. Critical reviews of these cases, using available information, suggest that, more likely, the observed crack patterns and concrete deterioration are the result of long-term AAR-induced concrete matrix expansion and loss of concrete strength and that these effects occurred prior to the eventual initiation of reinforcement corrosion. This proposition is supported by finite element and other stress analyses of various concrete–steel ensembles. They show that concrete expansion produces tensile stresses localised at and near exterior concrete surfaces or relative to the reinforcement. The locations of high-stress and -strain zones so produced correlate with field observations of long-term concrete cracking and delamination. The present interpretations highlight that AAR may be a significant contributor to initiation and subsequent long-term development of reinforcement corrosion in structurally reinforced concretes.