bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into the Japanese encephalitis virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase protein inhibition by bioflavonoids from Azadirachta indica
Authors: Dwivedi Vivek Dhar , Singh Ankita , El-Kafraway Sherif Aly , Alandijany Thamir A. , Faizo Arwa A. , Bajrai Leena Hussein , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Azhar Esam Ibraheem
Published: September 2021

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a flavivirus causing encephalitis causing neurological damage. RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp) is responsible for genome replication making it excellent anti-viral target. In this study, the crystal structure of JE RdRp (jRdRp) and bioflavonoids reported in Azadirachta indica were retrieved from specific databases. Structure-based virtual screening was employed using MTiOpenScreen server and top four compounds selected with the most negative docking scores. Conformations were redocked using AutoDock Vina; these complexes showed mechanistic interactions with Arg474, Gly605, Asp668, and Trp800 residues in the active site of jRdRp, i.e., guanosine-5′-triphosphate. Furthermore, 100 ns classical molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation showed stability of docked bioflavonoids in the active jRdRp pocket and significant contribution of van-der-Waals interactions for docked complex stability during simulation. Therefore, this study predicted the anti-viral activity of Gedunin, Nimbolide, Ohchinin acetate, and Kulactone against jRdRp and can be considered for further antiviral drug development.
Highly conductive electronics circuits from aerosol jet printed silver inks
Authors: Skarżyński Kacper , Krzemiński Jakub , Jakubowska Małgorzata , Słoma Marcin
Published: September 2021

Recently, low-cost electronics printed on lightweight, flexible and 3D shaped substrates are gaining importance in the markets of wearables and smart packaging. However, printed electronics do not meet the electrical performance of subtractive techniques because the resistivity of metallic printed patterns is still much higher than that of bulk material. To fulfil this need, low-resistive and easy printable inks for high resolution printed electronics techniques are needed. In this work, parameters of silver nanoparticles ink for micro-scale printed electronics technique, Aerosol Jet Printing, are being enhanced. To increase electrical conductivity and enhance printability, surfactants and dispersing agents were used to increase ultrasonic atomisation efficiency, obtain a uniform structure of printed lines, and narrow the width of printed patterns. Electrical measurements show a decrease in resistivity value in samples enhanced by cationic and non-ionic surfactants, by 95%, compared to initially prepared inks. Surfactant additions to silver nanoparticles Aerosol Jet Printing ink show promising features for application in modern electronics.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Kim Yun Gi , Choi Yun Young , Han Kyung-Do , Min Kyongjin , Choi Ha Young , Shim Jaemin , Choi Jong-Il , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: September 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with various major adverse cardiac events such as ischemic stroke, heart failure, and increased overall mortality. However, its association with lethal ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular flutter (VFL), and ventricular fibrillation (VF) is controversial. We conducted this study to determine whether AF can increase the risk of VT, VFL, and VF. We utilized the Korean National Health Insurance Service database for this nationwide population-based study. This study enrolled people who underwent a nationwide health screen in 2009 for whom clinical follow-up data were available until December 2018. Primary outcome endpoint was the occurrence of VT, VFL, or VF in people who were and were not diagnosed with new-onset AF in 2009. We analyzed a total of 9,751,705 people. In 2009, 12,689 people were diagnosed with new-onset AF (AF group). The incidence (events per 1000 person-years of follow-up) of VT, VFL, and VF was 2.472 and 0.282 in the AF and non-AF groups, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, new-onset AF was associated with 4.6-fold increased risk (p < 0.001) of VT, VFL, and VF over 10 years of follow-up. The risk of VT, VFL, and VF was even higher if identification of AF was based on intensified criteria (≥ 2 outpatient records or ≥ 1 inpatient record; hazard ratio = 5.221; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the incidence of VT, VFL, and VF was significantly increased in people with new-onset AF. The potential risk of suffering lethal ventricular arrhythmia in people with AF should be considered in clinical practice.
The taxonomy of two uncultivated fungal mammalian pathogens is revealed through phylogeny and population genetic analyses
Authors: Vilela Raquel , Huebner Marianne , Vilela Camila , Vilela Gabriella , Pettersen Bruno , Oliveira Claudia , Mendoza Leonel
Published: September 2021

Ever since the uncultivated South American fungal pathogen Lacazia loboi was first described 90 years ago, its etiology and evolutionary traits have been at the center of endless controversies. This pathogen infects the skin of humans and as long believed, dolphin skin. However, recent DNA analyses of infected dolphins placed its DNA sequences within Paracoccidioides species. This came as a surprise and suggested the human and dolphin pathogens may be different species. In this study, population genetic analyses of DNA from four infected dolphins grouped this pathogen in a monophyletic cluster sister to P. americana and to the other Paracoccidioides species. Based on the results we have emended the taxonomy of the dolphin pathogen as Paracoccidioides cetii and P. loboi the one infecting human. Our data warn that phylogenetic analysis of available taxa without the inclusion of unusual members may provide incomplete information for the accurate classification of anomalous species.
The effects of heterogeneous mechanical properties on the response of a ductile material
Authors: Song Yichi , Schiffer Andreas , Tagarielli Vito L.
Published: September 2021

We investigate numerically the small-strain, elastic–plastic response of statistically isotropic materials with non-uniform spatial distributions of mechanical properties. The numerical predictions are compared to simple bounds derived analytically. We explore systematically the effects of heterogeneity on the macroscopic stiffness, strength, asymmetry, stability and size dependence. Monte Carlo analyses of the response of statistical volume elements are conducted at different strain triaxiality using computational homogenisation, and allow exploring the macroscopic yield behaviour of the heterogeneous material. We illustrate quantitatively how the pressure-sensitivity of the yield surface of the solid increases with heterogeneity in the elastic response. We use the simple analytical models developed here to derive an approximate scaling law linking the fatigue endurance threshold of metallic alloys to their stiffness, yield strength and tensile strength.
Grading of endometrial cancer using 1H HR-MAS NMR-based metabolomics
Authors: Skorupa Agnieszka , Poński Michał , Ciszek Mateusz , Cichoń Bartosz , Klimek Mateusz , Witek Andrzej , Pakuło Sławomir , Boguszewicz Łukasz , Sokół Maria
Published: September 2021

The tissue metabolomic characteristics associated with endometrial cancer (EC) at different grades were studied using high resolution (400 MHz) magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) proton spectroscopy. The metabolic profiles were obtained from 64 patients (14 with grade 1 (G1), 33 with grade 2 (G2) and 17 with grade 3 (G3) tumors) and compared with the profile acquired from 10 patients with the benign disorders. OPLS-DA revealed increased valine, isoleucine, leucine, hypotaurine, serine, lysine, ethanolamine, choline and decreased creatine, creatinine, glutathione, ascorbate, glutamate, phosphoethanolamine and scyllo-inositol in all EC grades in reference to the non-transformed tissue. The increased levels of taurine was additionally detected in the G1 and G2 tumors in comparison to the control tissue, while the elevated glycine, N-acetyl compound and lactate—in the G1 and G3 tumors. The metabolic features typical for the G1 tumors are the increased dimethyl sulfone, phosphocholine, and decreased glycerophosphocholine and glutamine levels, while the decreased myo-inositol level is characteristic for the G2 and G3 tumors. The elevated 3-hydroxybutyrate, alanine and betaine levels were observed in the G3 tumors. The differences between the grade G1 and G3 malignances were mainly related to the perturbations of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine biosynthesis, inositol, betaine, serine and glycine metabolism. The statistical significance of the OPLS-DA modeling was also verified by an univariate analysis. HR-MAS NMR based metabolomics provides an useful insight into the metabolic reprogramming in endometrial cancer.
1/x power-law in a close proximity of the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld sandpile
Authors: Shapoval Alexander , Shapoval Boris , Shnirman Mikhail
Published: September 2021

A cellular automaton constructed by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld (BTW) in 1987 to explain the 1/f noise was recognized by the community for the theoretical foundations of self-organized criticality (SOC). Their conceptual work gave rise to various scientific areas in statistical physics, mathematics, and applied fields. The BTW core principles are based on steady slow loading and an instant huge stress-release. Advanced models, extensively developed far beyond the foundations for 34 years to successfully explain SOC in real-life processes, still failed to generate truncated 1/x probability distributions. This is done here through returning to the original BTW model and establishing its larger potential than the state-of-the-art expects. We establish that clustering of the events in space and time together with the core principles revealed by BTW lead to approximately 1/x power-law in the size-frequency distribution of model events.
Energy homeostasis deregulation is attenuated by TUDCA treatment in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease mice model
Authors: Zangerolamo Lucas , Solon Carina , Soares Gabriela M. , Engel Daiane F. , Velloso Licio A. , Boschero Antonio C. , Carneiro Everardo M. , Barbosa Helena Cristina L.
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. While cognitive deficits remain the major manifestation of AD, metabolic and non-cognitive abnormalities, such as alterations in food intake, body weight and energy balance are also present, both in AD patients and animal models. In this sense, the tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has shown beneficial effects both in reducing the central and cognitive markers of AD, as well as in attenuating the metabolic disorders associated with it. We previously demonstrated that TUDCA improves glucose homeostasis and decreases the main AD neuromarkers in the streptozotocin-induced AD mouse model (Stz). Besides that, TUDCA-treated Stz mice showed lower body weight and adiposity. Here, we investigated the actions of TUDCA involved in the regulation of body weight and adiposity in Stz mice, since the effects of TUDCA in hypothalamic appetite control and energy homeostasis have not yet been explored in an AD mice model. The TUDCA-treated mice (Stz + TUDCA) displayed lower food intake, higher energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient. In addition, we observed in the hypothalamus of the Stz + TUDCA mice reduced fluorescence and gene expression of inflammatory markers, as well as normalization of the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY expression. Moreover, leptin-induced p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 signaling in the hypothalamus of Stz + TUDCA mice was improved, accompanied by reduced acute food intake after leptin stimulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that TUDCA treatment restores energy metabolism in Stz mice, a phenomenon that is associated with reduced food intake, increased EE and improved hypothalamic leptin signaling. These findings suggest treatment with TUDCA as a promising therapeutic intervention for the control of energy homeostasis in AD individuals.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio predict length of hospital stay in myocarditis
Authors: Mirna Moritz , Schmutzler Lukas , Topf Albert , Hoppe Uta C. , Lichtenauer Michael
Published: September 2021

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are associated with the severity of various diseases. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship of NLR and MLR with the severity of myocarditis. 202 consecutive patients with myocarditis were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Laboratory parameters and clinical data were extracted from hospital records and discharge letters. Median NLR was 2.48 (IQR 1.55–4.58) and median MLR was 0.42 (IQR 0.39–0.58). NLR and MLR correlated with HF, CRP and leukocyte count, MLR further correlated inversely with LV systolic function (rs = − 0.379, p = 0.030). Both ratios correlated better with length of hospital stay (NLR: rs = 0.435, p = 0.003; MLR: rs = 0.534, p < 0.0001) than CRP, leukocyte count, IL-6 or procalcitonin. AUCs for the prediction of prolonged hospital stay (NLR = 0.75, MLR = 0.80), and optimal cut-offs therefor were calculated. Patients who had in-hospital complications showed a higher NLR, however, this remained statistically insignificant. NLR and MLR correlated with the length of stay, as well as with several clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with myocarditis. Since white blood cell differentials are relatively easy and fast to perform, both ratios could facilitate further risk stratification in affected patients.
Platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection in complex samples
Authors: Cuevas-Ferrando Enric , Randazzo Walter , Pérez-Cataluña Alba , Falcó Irene , Navarro David , Martin-Latil Sandra , Díaz-Reolid Azahara , Girón-Guzmán Inés , Allende Ana , Sánchez Gloria
Published: September 2021

Isolation, contact tracing and restrictions on social movement are being globally implemented to prevent and control onward spread of SARS-CoV-2, even though the infection risk modelled on RNA detection by RT-qPCR remains biased as viral shedding and infectivity are not discerned. Thus, we aimed to develop a rapid viability RT-qPCR procedure to infer SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in clinical specimens and environmental samples. We screened monoazide dyes and platinum compounds as viability molecular markers on five SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets. A platinum chloride-based viability RT-qPCR was then optimized using genomic RNA, and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles inoculated in buffer, stool, and urine. Our results were finally validated in nasopharyngeal swabs from persons who tested positive for COVID-19 and in wastewater samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. We established a rapid viability RT-qPCR that selectively detects potentially infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles in complex matrices. In particular, the confirmed positivity of nasopharyngeal swabs following the viability procedure suggests their potential infectivity, while the complete prevention of amplification in wastewater indicated either non-infectious particles or free RNA. The viability RT-qPCR approach provides a more accurate ascertainment of the infectious viruses detection and it may complement analyses to foster risk-based investigations for the prevention and control of new or re-occurring outbreaks with a broad application spectrum.
Efficient parallelization of tensor network contraction for simulating quantum computation
Authors: Huang Cupjin , Zhang Fang , Newman Michael , Ni Xiaotong , Ding Dawei , Cai Junjie , Gao Xun , Wang Tenghui , Wu Feng , Zhang Gengyan , Ku Hsiang-Sheng , Tian Zhengxiong , Wu Junyin , Xu Haihong , Yu Huanjun , Yuan Bo , Szegedy Mario , Shi Yaoyun , Zhao Hui-Hai , Deng Chunqing , Chen Jianxin
Published: September 2021

We develop an algorithmic framework for contracting tensor networks and demonstrate its power by classically simulating quantum computation of sizes previously deemed out of reach. Our main contribution, index slicing, is a method that efficiently parallelizes the contraction by breaking it down into much smaller and identically structured subtasks, which can then be executed in parallel without dependencies. We benchmark our algorithm on a class of random quantum circuits, achieving greater than 105 times acceleration over the original estimate of the simulation cost. We then demonstrate applications of the simulation framework for aiding the development of quantum algorithms and quantum error correction. As tensor networks are widely used in computational science, our simulation framework may find further applications.
Self-supporting dual-confined porous Si@c-ZIF@carbon nanofibers for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Jiale , Guo Xingmei , Gao Mingyue , Wang Jing , Sun Shangqing , Xue Kai , Zhang Shuya , Liu Yuanjun , Zhang Junhao
Published: September 2021

Dual-confined porous Si@c-ZIF@carbon nanofibers (Si@c-ZIF@CNFs) are fabricated by pyrolyzing a Si@ZIF-8@PAN precursor, and exhibit excellent cycling and rate performance as lithium-ion battery self-supporting anodes.
Transcription–translation of the Escherichia coli genome within artificial cells
Authors: Deyama Tatsuki , Matsui Yukino , Chadani Yuhei , Sekine Yasuhiko , Doi Nobuhide , Fujiwara Kei
Published: September 2021

Here we created artificial cells in which information of the genome of living cells is expressed by the elements encoded in the genome.
Synthesis of N-CF3 hydrazines through radical trifluoromethylation of azodicarboxylates
Authors: Cao Tingting , Retailleau Pascal , Milcent Thierry , Crousse Benoît
Published: September 2021

Novel family of N-CF3 hydrazines have been prepared from a direct way involving the available and cheap Langlois reagent.
Physisorption of bio oil nitrogen compounds onto montmorillonite
Authors: Vuorte Maisa , Kuitunen Susanna , Sammalkorpi Maria
Published: September 2021

Adsorption energies and geometries for N-heterocycles and fatty acid amides from triglyceride solvent onto Na-montmorillonite are determinedviaMD simulations and matched to DFT derived MEP and partial charge distributions.
Designing boron and metal complexes for fluoride recognition: a computational perspective
Authors: Orenha Renato Pereira , Peixoto Letícia Bermudes , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Piotrowski Maurício Jeomar , de Araújo Batista Krys Elly , Contreras-Garcia Julia , Cardenas Carlos , Morgon Nelson Henrique , Mendizabal Fernando , Parreira Renato Luis Tame
Published: September 2021

Fluoride anions play important roles in the human body and environment. Thus, DFT calculations have been performed to design structures that can efficiently recognize this ion in aqueous media.
Local Kondo scattering in 4d-electron RuOx nanoclusters on atomically-resolved ultrathin SrRuO3 films
Authors: Song Chuangye , Bo Tao , Liu Xin , Guo Pengjie , Meng Sheng , Wu Kehui
Published: September 2021

Emergent Kondo scattering features are observed on RuOx clusters located on the non-reconstructed SrRuO3 ultrathin films with SrO-termination by as revealed by combined STM/STS and DFT calculations.
Valence fluctuations in the 3D + 3 modulated Yb3Co4Ge13 Remeika phase
Authors: Feig Manuel , Akselrud Lev , Motylenko Mykhaylo , Bobnar Matej , Wagler Jörg , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Levytskyi Volodymyr , Rafaja David , Leithe-Jasper Andreas , Gumeniuk Roman
Published: September 2021

Yb3Co4Ge13 is the first example of a Remeika phase with a 3D + 3 [space group P4̄3n(α,0,0)000(0,α,0)000(0,0,α)000; a = 8.72328(1) Å, α = 0.4974(2)] modulated crystal structure.
DFT insights into the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO by Re(i) complexes: the crucial role of the triethanolamine “magic” sacrificial electron donor
Authors: Tsipis Athanassios C. , Sarantou Antonia A.
Published: September 2021

Mechanistic details of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO catalyzed by the [Re(en)(CO)3Cl] complex in the presence of triethanolamine, R3N (R = CH2CH2OH), in DMF solution were obtained with the aid of DFT computational protocols.
The chemistry of dithietes, 1,2,5,6-tetrathiocins and higher oligomers
Authors: Watanabe Lara K. , Wrixon Justin D. , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: September 2021

The chemistry of 1,2-dithietes is compared with 1,2,5,6-tetrathiocins and higher oligomers, providing access to a diversity of sulfur-rich heterocycles and dithiolate complexes.
Are we missing something when evaluating adsorbents for CO2 capture at the system level?
Authors: Balogun Hammed A. , Bahamon Daniel , AlMenhali Saeed , Vega Lourdes F. , Alhajaj Ahmed
Published: September 2021

The right ingredients and scales for a proper assessment of adsorbents for CO2 capture.
Boosting eco-friendly hydrogen generation by urea-assisted water electrolysis using spinel M2GeO4(M = Fe, Co) as an active electrocatalyst
Authors: Choi Hyeonuk , Surendran Subramani , Kim Dohun , Lim Yoongu , Lim Jaehyoung , Park Jihyun , Kim Jung Kyu , Han Mi-Kyung , Sim Uk
Published: September 2021

To enhance the efficiency of hydrogen production, bimetallic oxides with spinel structures, M2GeO4(M = Fe, Co), were synthesizedviaa facile one-pot hydrothermal method and were used as electrocatalysts for urea-assisted water electrolysis.
Recent updates on bioactive properties of linalool
Authors: An Qi , Ren Jing-Nan , Li Xiao , Fan Gang , Qu Sha-Sha , Song Yue , Li Yang , Pan Si-Yi
Published: September 2021

Linalool has a variety of bioactivities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, renal protective and lung protective activity.
Correction: Cross-dehydrogenative coupling: a sustainable reaction for C–C bond formations
Authors: Tian Tian , Li Zhiping , Li Chao-Jun
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Cross-dehydrogenative coupling: a sustainable reaction for C–C bond formations’ by Tian Tian et al., Green Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01871j.
Progress on photocatalytic semiconductor hybrids for bacterial inactivation
Authors: Zeng Jiayu , Li Ziming , Jiang Hui , Wang Xuemei
Published: September 2021

Various semiconductor photocatalyst systems for photo-induced bacterial inactivation.
High specific energy supercapacitor electrode prepared from MnS/Ni3S2 composite grown on nickel foam
Authors: Abuelftooh Aya Mohamed , Tantawy N. S. , Mahmouad S. S. , Shoeib M. A. , Mohamed Saad G.
Published: September 2021

Herein, MnS was prepared in situ with Ni3S2 directly on nickel foam to obtain a novel binder-free highly conductive electrode with a superb echinocactus-like morphology.
Chemical route to prepare nickel supported on intermetallic Ti6Si7Ni16 nanoparticles catalyzing CO methanation
Authors: Kobayashi Yasukazu , Tada Shohei , Mizoguchi Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

Ti6Si7Ni16 support can accelerate the rate determining step of C–O bond dissociation in CO methanation due to its good electron donation capacity.
Strategies for organelle targeting of fluorescent probes
Authors: Lin Jiarun , Yang Kylie , New Elizabeth J.
Published: September 2021

Here we provide a comprehensive review of methods for targeting fluorescent cargo to sub-cellular organelles.
Ru(ii)-Catalyzed C–H activation/annulation reactions of N-aryl-pyrazolidinones with sulfoxonium ylides: synthesis of cinnoline-fused pyrazolidinones
Authors: Jin Hai-Shan , Du Ya-Zhen , Zhao Qing-Yang , Zhao Li-Ming
Published: September 2021

The first Ru(ii)-catalyzed cascade C–H activation/annulation reactions of N-aryl-pyrazolidinones with sulfoxonium ylides are reported.
Zinc–Brønsted acid mediated practical hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with CF3Br
Authors: Peng Deqian , Fan Wu , Zhao Xueqi , Chen Wei , Wen Yuan , Zhang Li , Li Suhua
Published: September 2021

Hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes was developed through a novel generation of CF3˙ via the combination of Zn and PhCO2H with CF3Br.
Cobalt catalysed aminocarbonylation of thiols in batch and flow for the preparation of amides
Authors: Orduña Jose Maria , Domínguez Gema , Pérez-Castells Javier
Published: September 2021

The synthesis of amides from thiols through a cobalt-catalyzed aminocarbonylation is shown.
Self-assembly of a water-soluble endohedrally functionalized coordination cage including polar guests
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Escobar Luis , de Jong Jorn , Ballester Pablo
Published: September 2021

A tetra-cationic calix[4]pyrrole tetra-pyridyl ligand self-assembles into a water-soluble Pd(ii)-cage featuring two endohedral polar binding sites. The Pd(ii)-cage encapsulates pyridyl N-oxide and aliphatic formamide guests in water.
Direct air capture of CO2viacrystal engineering
Authors: Custelcean Radu
Published: September 2021

A perspective view of direct air capture (DAC) of CO2and its role in mitigating climate change is presented. The article focuses on a promising approach to DAC involving crystal engineering of metal–organic and hydrogen-bonded frameworks.
Multiple C–H⋯anion and N–H⋯anion hydrogen bond directed two-dimensional crystalline nanosheets with precise distance control of surface charges for enhanced DNA capture
Authors: Zhou Laicheng , He Ran , Qin Yang , Wu Yi-Lin , Jiang Li , Zhou Dong-Dong , Zhang Ling
Published: September 2021

Utilizing combined non-covalent interactions and introducing anions as structure-directing factors to build oriented self-assembly and 2D crystalline nanosheet superstructures with precise distance control of surface charges in competitive aqueous solvents still represents a formidable challenge for supramolecular chemists.
Drainage via stratification and nanoscopic thickness transitions of aqueous sodium naphthenate foam films
Authors: Ochoa Chrystian , Xu Chenxian , Martínez Narváez Carina D. V. , Yang William , Zhang Yiran , Sharma Vivek
Published: September 2021

Stepwise thinning and nanoscopic topography of a micellar foam film formed with an aqueous sodium naphthenate solution.
Nucleation rate in the two dimensional Ising model in the presence of random impurities
Authors: Mandal Dipanjan , Quigley David
Published: September 2021

Nucleation during magnetisation reversal in the two dimensional Ising model in the presence of randomly positioned spin 0 impurities.
Efficient hydrogen production by saline water electrolysis at high current densities without the interfering chlorine evolution
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Xu Junyuan , Meng Lijian , Liu Lifeng
Published: September 2021

Replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with the hydrazine oxidation reaction enables alkaline–saline water electrolysis to occur at a high current density without the interfering chlorine evolution.
Consensus Guidelines for the Assessments of Individuals Who Stutter Across the Lifespan
Authors: Brundage Shelley B. , Ratner Nan Bernstein , Boyle Michael P. , Eggers Kurt , Everard Rachel , Franken Marie-Christine , Kefalianos Elaina , Marcotte Anne K. , Millard Sharon , Packman Ann , Vanryckeghem Martine , Yaruss J. Scott
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This project sought to develop consensus guidelines for clinically meaningful, comprehensive assessment procedures for people who stutter across the lifespan.

Method

Twelve expert clinicians and researchers who have written extensively about stuttering provided detailed descriptions of the type of data that they routinely collect during diagnostic evaluations of preschool children, school-age children, adolescents, and adults who stutter. Iterative content analysis, with repeated input from the respondents, was used to identify core areas that reflect common domains that these experts judge to be important for evaluating stuttering for varying age groups.

Results

Six core areas were identified as common components of a comprehensive evaluation of stuttering and people who stutter. These areas should be included to varying degrees depending upon the age and needs of the client or family. The core areas include the following: (a) stuttering-related background information; (b) speech, language, and temperament development (especially for younger clients); (c) speech fluency and stuttering behaviors; (d) reactions to stuttering by the speaker; (e) reactions to stuttering by people in the speaker's environment; and (f) adverse impact caused by stuttering.

Discussion

These consensus recommendations can help speech-language pathologists who are uncertain about appropriate stuttering assessment procedures to design and conduct more thorough evaluations, so that they will be better prepared to provide individualized and comprehensive treatment for people who stutter across the lifespan.
Orthographic Knowledge and Clue Word Facilitated Spelling in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Williams Gareth J. , Larkin Rebecca F. , Rose Naomi V. , Whitaker Emily , Roeser Jens , Wood Clare
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study investigated the orthographic knowledge and how orthographic and phonological information could support children with developmental language disorder (DLD) to make more accurate spelling attempts.

Method

Children with DLD (
N
= 37) were matched with chronological age–matched (CAM) children and language age–matched children. These children completed specific and general orthographic knowledge tasks as well as spelling task conditions with either no clue word (pretest), a phonological clue word, or an orthographic clue word.

Results

Children with DLD were significantly less accurate in their specific orthographic knowledge, compared with CAM children, but had similar scores for general orthographic knowledge to CAM children. Children with DLD and both controls had significantly higher spelling scores in the orthographic clue word condition compared with a pretest pseudoword spelling task.

Conclusions

Children with DLD acquire the general knowledge of a written language's orthography but, possibly through less print exposure, have less well-represented word-specific orthographic knowledge. Moreover, children with DLD are able to extract the orthographic features of a clue word and employ these to produce more accurate spellings. These findings offer support for a spelling intervention approach based on orthography.
Situational Embarrassment and Its Relationship to Social Anxiety in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Tran Yvonne , Blumgart Elaine , Craig Ashley
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Adults who stutter (AWS) have increased risk of comorbid social anxiety about speaking in social contexts. AWS also report experiencing embarrassment in different social situations; however, research has rarely been conducted on embarrassment and its relationship to social anxiety in AWS.

Method

AWS (
N
= 200) reported their level of embarrassment on four 10-point Likert items when speaking in four situational contexts: at home, to an individual important to them, in social groups, and at work. Participants were also assessed for sociodemographic, stuttering, and anxiety variables. Construct validity for the four embarrassment items was examined, the extent of embarrassment established in the four contexts as a function of age and sex, and the relationship of embarrassment to social anxiety evaluated.

Results

Evidence of acceptable construct validity and reliability is presented for the four embarrassment Likert items. Sixty-five percent of the sample experienced high levels of embarrassment when speaking in groups or at work, while 35.5% experienced high levels when speaking at home or to an individual important to them. Participants were significantly more embarrassed (
p
< .01) when speaking at work or when socializing in groups. Embarrassment was lowest when speaking in the home. Younger females were significantly more embarrassed when speaking at work or when socializing in groups. Those with high embarrassment scores on all four items were more likely to have elevated social anxiety scores (
p
< .001).

Conclusion

These preliminary results suggest that the assessment of situational embarrassment could be an important clinical measure that may help improve stuttering treatment outcomes that also target social anxiety.
The influence of the rootstock on the formation of quality indicators of sweet cherry variety Alexandria
Authors: Prichko Tatiana , Sivoplyasov Valery
Published: September 2021

The tested 27 samples of sweet cherry Alexandria variety grown on rootstocks with different growth rates (low-growing, medium and vigorous) had different indicators both in marketable conditions and in the content of a complex of biologically active substances – sugars, acids, vitamins. According to the level of accumulation of substances that form the nutritional, therapeutic and prophylactic properties of sweet cherry fruits, variety-rootstock combinations have been identified that provide an improvement in the quality indicators of fruits: ANT x Maaka 9-8, ANTD 12/20, S 33, Gegard, ANT x 2-77-1, ANT self-fertile 17, ANT w / n 5, Chufut Kale.
Illuminance measurement by mobile devices with a diffuser dome: a comparative analysis of different platforms and applications
Authors: Godinho Vaz Viviane , Dutra de Oliveira Pinto Roberta , Ramos Louzada Daniel , Costa Monteiro Elisabeth
Published: September 2021

Studies in the literature suggest that smartphone-based applications are not suitable for measuring illuminance levels. The measurement of this photometric quantity is useful in several sectors, including monitoring the adequacy of lighting conditions in workplaces. This work investigates the contribution of attaching a diffuser dome to the embedded light sensors of smartphones and tablets associated with different applications on their performance for measuring illuminance. Two experimental arrangements were developed using an LED lamp (294.84 lx, 475.58 lx, 880.39 lx) and a xenon arc lamp (607.94 lx, 1013.72 lx, 4012.26 lx, 23933.33 lx). In the comparative analysis, the impact of using diffusion dome attachment was evidenced, indicating its potential to enable some of the device/application combinations to achieve adequate performance for being applied in the daily assessment of illuminance.
Vers une démocratie environnementale attentive aux processus écologiques qui permettent au cycle de la vie de se perpétuer
Authors: Jakob Fabien
Published: September 2021

À partir d’une enquête du sens commun (Dewey, 1993), cette étude entend identifier et analyser, en prenant appui sur la sociologie de la justification (Boltanski et Thévenot, 1991), les critères de jugement et les sens de justice des acteurs engagés dans divers « forums hybrides » (Callonet al., 2001). Durant un tel processus participatif et délibératif, en l’occurrence lors de la révision du Schéma d’aménagement et de développement de l’agglomération de Québec (2015-2020), ils peuvent être amenés à repenser les systèmes de valeurs orientant les actions publiques en matière de développement territorial.
Capabilités et adaptation en Île-de-France. De la difficulté à intégrer les capabilités dans les plans locaux d’adaptation au changement climatique
Authors: Pommerieux Mélanie , Blanc Nathalie , Laigle Lydie , Tonnelat Stéphane
Published: September 2021

Alors que l’attention portée à l’échelle mondiale à l’adaptation au changement climatique s’intensifie, l’objet de cet article est d’étudier l’évolution des stratégies d’adaptation à l’échelle locale, au sein de trois territoires franciliens. Notamment parce que l’incertitude liée aux risques est forte au niveau local, nous plaidons pour une approche transformationnelle de l’adaptation, s’appuyant sur les capabilités. Nous montrons toutefois que l’adaptation reste principalement envisagée sous l’angle de la réduction des risques environnementaux. Jusqu’à présent, la participation du public met peu en avant les capabilités valorisées par les populations. La désectorialisation des politiques climatiques permet néanmoins de mieux inclure les citoyens.
Condylar constrained knee prosthesis and rotating hinge prosthesis for revision total knee arthroplasty for mechanical failure have not the same indications and same results
Authors: Barnoud William , Schmidt Axel , Swan John , Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Batailler Cécile , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether there are any differences in outcomes and complication rates between condylar constrained knee (CCK) and rotating hinge knee (RHK) prostheses used for the first revision of total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) after mechanical failure. Methods: Sixty-three consecutive non-septic revisions of posterior stabilized implants using 33 CCK and 30 RHK prostheses were included. Clinical evaluation and revision rate were compared between the two groups at two years minimum follow-up. Results: The CCK group had significantly better clinical outcomes and satisfaction rates compared to patients with RHK (KSS-knee 70.5 versus 60.7 (p < 0.003) and KSS-function 74.9 versus 47.7 (p < 0.004) at 3.7 (2.0–9.4) years mean follow-up. Moreover, the clinical improvement was significantly higher for the CCK group concerning the KSS-Knee (+23.9 vs. +15.2 points, p = 0.03). The postoperative flexion was significantly better in the CCK group compared to the RHK group (115° vs. 103°, p = 0.01). The prosthesis-related complications and the re-revision rate were higher in the RHK group, especially due to patellofemoral complications and mechanical failures. Conclusions: CCK prostheses provided better clinical and functional outcomes and fewer complications than RHK prostheses when used for the first non-septic rTKA. CCK is a safe and effective implant for selected patients, while RHK should be used with caution as a salvage device for complex knee conditions, with particular attention to the balance of the extensor mechanism.
Neuromonitoring bei zerebralen Anfällen im Neugeborenenalter – Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Trollmann Regina
Published: September 2021

Angesichts der vielen Kinder mit neonatalen Risikofaktoren für erworbene ZNS-Läsionen und zerebrale Anfälle ist das EEG zunehmend relevant für eine optimierte Diagnostik und Therapieüberwachung 1
2. Folgender Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Besonderheiten des neonatalen EEG und über aktuelle Empfehlungen zum Stellenwert des Langzeit-EEG-Monitorings bei neonatalen Anfällen und epileptischen Enzephalopathien im Früh- und Neugeborenalter.
Konvergenz von Skalen zur Erfassung sozialer Ängste: Ein
IRT-Linking Ansatz
Authors: Cardace Fabio , Rubel Julian , Altmann Uwe , Merkler Martin , Schwartz Brian , Deisenhofer Anne-Katharina , Paulick Jane , Schoenherr Desiree , Strauß Bernhard , Lutz Wolfgang
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Studie Bei der Untersuchung von sozialer Ängstlichkeit
haben sich die Fragebögen Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) und das
Social Phobia-Inventory (SPIN) etabliert. Außerdem wird zum Screening
sozialer Ängstlichkeit häufig die Subskala Unsicherheit im
Sozialkontakt des Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53) eingesetzt. Alle drei Skalen
geben vor dasselbe Konstrukt zu erfassen. Somit stellt sich die Frage der
Konvergenz dieser Skalen. Um Forschungsergebnisse zu sozialer
Ängstlichkeit, welche diese Instrumente nutzen, über einen
fragebogenübergreifenden Faktor (Common-Faktor) vergleichbar zu machen,
wird in der vorliegenden Studie ein Item Response Theorie (IRT) Linking Ansatz
verwendet.

Methodik 64 deutschsprachige psychiatrische Patienten und 295 Probanden
aus der deutschen Normalbevölkerung füllten die drei
Fragebögen aus. Verschiedene IRT-Modelle – darunter Graded
Response Modelle (GRM) – wurden an die Daten angepasst und verglichen.
Basierend auf dem Modell mit dem besten Fit wurden Regressionsanalysen
durchgeführt. Der Common-Faktor wurde dabei jeweils von den
Fragebogensummenwerten vorhergesagt.

Ergebnisse Der Zusammenhang zwischen den verschiedenen Skalen wird am
besten durch ein Bi-Faktor GRM erklärt (RMSEA=0,036;
CFI=0,977; WRMR=1,061). Anhand der Ergebnisse der
Regressionsanalysen lassen sich drei Gleichungen zur Transformation von
Fragebogensummenwerten ableiten.

Schlussfolgerung Durch den IRT Linking Ansatz konnte ein
fragebogenübergreifender genereller Faktor Sozialer
Ängstlichkeit abgeleitet werden. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede wurden
dabei berücksichtigt. Dies hat sowohl für die Forschung als auch
für die Praxis Vorteile. Eine Replikation dieser Studie sowie die
Implementierung weiterer Instrumente wird empfohlen, um die Gültigkeit
dieses Ansatzes zu überprüfen und die Ergebnisse zu
generalisieren.
Clinical Significance of Coexistence of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease with Differentiated and Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Machens Andreas , Lorenz Kerstin , Weber Frank , Dralle Henning
Published: September 2021

The association of Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease with papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid cancer has not been comprehensively investigated until now. This comparative clinicopathological study of consecutive patients thyroidectomized at a surgical referral center aimed to explore interdependencies between chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Altogether, there were 852 (58.4%) patients with papillary thyroid cancer, 181 (12.4%) patients with follicular thyroid cancer, and 426 (29.2%) patients with sporadic medullary thyroid cancer, of whom 75 (5.1%) patients also had Hashimoto thyroiditis and 40 (2.7%) patients also had Graves’ disease. Patients with papillary (medians of 42 vs. 48 years; P =0.008) and follicular (medians of 33 vs. 63 years; P=0.022) thyroid cancer, unlike patients with medullary thyroid cancer (medians of 57.5 vs. 57 years; P=0.989), were younger at thyroidectomy when they had Hashimoto thyroiditis concomitantly. No such associations were seen with Graves’ disease. Primary thyroid cancers tended to be more localized in conjunction with Hashimoto thyroiditis, and less so with Graves’ disease, although patterns were not consistent across tumor types. In conclusion, Hashimoto thyroiditis, but not Graves’ disease, may be associated with differentiated (papillary and follicular) thyroid cancer but not with medullary thyroid cancer.
Unified Approach to ent-Eudesmane-Type Terpenoid Synthesis: Total Synthesis of Sinupol and Eutyscoparin A
Authors: Ota Koichiro , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Kamaike Kazuo
Published: September 2021

ent-Eudesmane-type terpenoids constitute a large class of natural products derived from plants, animals, and bacteria. We describe a synthetic approach to two ent-eudesmane-type terpenoids, sinupol and eutyscoparin A, that relies on a key π-facial- and endo/exo-selective intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction to set the C-5–C-10 stereotriads. Further key transformations of trans-fused decalin include conversion to methyl ketone via a versatile thioester intermediate and appropriate functionalization toward target compounds.
Use and effectiveness of policy briefs as a knowledge transfer tool: a scoping review
Authors: Arnautu Diana , Dagenais Christian
Published: September 2021

There is a significant gap between researchers’ production of evidence and its use by policymakers. Several knowledge transfer strategies have emerged in the past years to promote the use of research. One of those strategies is the policy brief; a short document synthesizing the results of one or multiple studies. This scoping study aims to identify the use and effectiveness of policy briefs as a knowledge transfer strategy. Twenty-two empirical articles were identified, spanning 35 countries. Results show that policy briefs are considered generally useful, credible and easy to understand. The type of audience is an essential component to consider when writing a policy brief. Introducing a policy brief sooner rather than later might have a bigger impact since it is more effective in creating a belief rather than changing one. The credibility of the policy brief’s author is also a factor taken into consideration by decision-makers. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the various forms of uses of policy briefs by decision-makers.
Bursty magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause triggered by high-speed jets
Authors: Ng J. , Chen L.-J. , Omelchenko Y. A.
Published: September 2021

The impact of high-speed jets—dynamic pressure enhancements in the magnetosheath—on the Earth's magnetopause has been observed to trigger local magnetic reconnection. We perform a three-dimensional hybrid simulation to study the magnetosheath and magnetopause under turbulent conditions using a quasi-radial southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In contrast to quasi-steady reconnection with a strong southward IMF, we show that after the impact of a jet on the magnetopause, the magnetopause moves inward, the current sheet is compressed and intensified and signatures of local magnetic reconnection are observed, showing similarities to spacecraft measurements.
Imbalanced data fault diagnosis of hydrogen sensors using deep convolutional generative adversarial network with convolutional neural network
Authors: Sun Yongyi , Zhao Tingting , Zou Zhihui , Chen Yinsheng , Zhang Hongquan
Published: September 2021

The fault diagnosis of hydrogen sensors is of great significance. However, it is difficult to collect data samples for some modes of hydrogen sensor signals, so the data samples may be unbalanced, which can seriously affect the fault diagnosis results. In this paper, we present a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCG) method (DCG–CNN) for gas sensor fault diagnosis. First, we transform the 1D fault signals of the gas sensor into 2D gray images for end-to-end conversion with no signal data information loss. Second, we use the DCG to enrich the 2D gray images of small fault data samples, which results in balanced sensor fault datasets. Third, we use the CNN method to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis. In order to understand the internal mechanism of the CNN, we further visualize the learned feature maps of fault data samples in each layer of the CNN and try to analyze the reasons for the method’s high performance. The fault diagnosis accuracy of the DCG–CNN is shown to be higher than that of other traditional methods.
Nonlinear evolution of localized structures and turbulent magnetic field amplification by extraordinary laser beam in laser produced plasmas
Authors: Singh Indraj , Dewan Himani , Uma R. , Sharma R. P.
Published: September 2021

In the present investigation, the nonlinear coupling of waves is evaluated to understand the turbulent magnetic field in the laser-produced plasma. The model equations are set up for the extraordinary (x-mode) laser and upper hybrid oscillations, incorporating the relativistic electron mass variation and the nonlinear ponderomotive force. The upper hybrid oscillations are excited due to the nonlinear ponderomotive force exerted by the x-mode laser. The nonlinear coupled system of x-mode laser and the upper hybrid oscillations were simulated numerically. Simulation results depict the evolution of localized structures with time. The ensemble-averaged turbulent power spectrum is obtained through numerical simulations. Furthermore, the frequency spectra associated with upper hybrid oscillation lie in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. A semi-analytical approach in the paraxial approximation has been studied to get a better perspective of the field localization process. Such studies of nonlinear wave-wave interaction are crucial to understand the turbulent magnetic field generation relating to various laboratory and astrophysical scenarios.