bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT SUSTAINABILITY IN FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN: SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Che Hassan Muhammad Hamdi , Osman Lokhman Hakim
Published: February 2025

Food supply chains must balance environmental, economic, and social success to survive. Food supply chains must incorporate strategies that lessen their negative effects on the environment, increase economic resilience, and promote social well-being to be viable over the long run. However, food supply chain faces many quality and efficiency issues. Poor cold chain facilities, transportation and logistics inefficiencies, unsuitable handling equipment, poor road infrastructure, and restricted supply chain partner information sharing are major challenges. These cause significant supply chain losses and waste. Based on a scoping review, this study will investigate impact sustainability in food supply chain and a total of 18 article were analysed. This scoping review of the literature was performed utilising two databases, Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, to ascertain the characteristics of published scientific literature on this subject and to identify the rising topics of sustainability in food supply chain research. This study identified six primary themes and eighteen sub-themes concerning sustainability within the food supply chain setting. The primary themes encompass organizational readiness, technology, Green Practice, policy, sustainable resourcing, and external relationships. The review suggests that the majority of studies focus on the effects of sustainability within the food supply chain. These results imply that organisations might improve food supply chains, especially during unexpected periods, by considering all impact sustainability. It also provides a comprehensive overview how sustainability can impact efficiency food supply chain. Base on the finding sustainability is gaining popularity, but most study focusses on its effects rather than solutions. Future research must focus on pragmatic, sustainable methods to boost the food supply chain.
UNDERSTANDING THE LINK BETWEEN LOGISTICS TECHNOLOGY, PERFORMANCE, AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THAILAND’S THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS SECTOR
Authors: Sojipun Weerasak , Abdul Aziz Zuraimi , Mohd Zain Rosmaizura
Published: February 2025

In Thailand, third-party logistics (3PL) companies operate at a loss of 35 percent, indicating their inability to compete with other logistics service providers. Due to technology being one of the factors involved, the objective of this study aims to investigate the relationship between logistics technology, logistics performance, and competitive advantage in small third-party logistics (3PL) enterprises in Thailand. This study used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) as a statistical approach for data analysis. The sample size was 159 respondents, who are small 3PL enterprises in three southern border provinces of Thailand. The finding indicated that logistics technology has a positive relationship with logistics performance and competitive advantage of 3PL in Thailand. Moreover, logistics performance, as a mediating factor is linked to logistics technology and competitive advantage. This study could be beneficial for the 3PL firms for improving technology in logistics operations, thereby achieving better outcomes and success in company competition.
The Role of Data Visualization in Modern Intelligence
Authors: Dip Bharatbhai Patel
Published: February 2025

Data visualization is a growing tool for so many applications in different industries that it can be applied to have. Data visualization, in simple terms, brings the picture from the many words, which makes it easier with the rise of big data influencing everything. Being able to handle the various types of big data that can be sourced in this era of data, it becomes a good idea to have data visualization to make everything easier for use in terms of sifting and handling the large volumes of data sourced.
Les pintures murals de Sant Climent de Talltorta
Authors: Miralpeix i Vilamala Francesc
Published: February 2025

The interior of the church of Sant Climent de Talltorta (Bolvir, la Cerdanya) preserves an extensive pictorial program from the Baroque period. The scenes represented and the colorful decorative accompaniment make this complex, declared a Cultural Asset of National Interest (BCIN), one of the best showcases of Baroque art and culture in the Catalan Pyrenees. The paintings are an example of the use of art as a doctrinal instrument, understood here and once again as a powerful and suggestive visual Bible for the illiterate. The sophistication of the message behind the elaborate iconographic program aimed at the salvation of the human soul contrasts, however, with the artisanal tone with which it has been resolved, all giving it a unique singularity and charm.
Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Human Expertise in Diagnosing Primary Liver Carcinoma: A Focus on Gross Morphology
Authors: Sa-ngiamwibool Prakasit , Laohawetwanit Thiyaphat
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of customized ChatGPT and human experts in identifying primary liver carcinoma using gross morphology.
Materials and Methods: Gross morphology images of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cases were assessed. These images were analyzed by two versions of customized ChatGPT (e.g., with and without a scoring system), pathology residents, and pathologist assistants. The diagnostic accuracy and consistency of each participant group were evaluated.
Results: The study analyzed 128 liver carcinoma images (62 HCC, 66 CCA) were analyzed, with the participation of 13 pathology residents (median experience of 1.5 years) and three pathologist assistants (median experience of 5 years). When augmented with a scoring system, ChatGPT’s performance was found to align closely with first- and second-year pathology residents and was inferior to third-year pathology residents and pathologist assistants, with statistical significance (p-values < 0.01). In contrast, the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT, when operating without the scoring system, was significantly lower than that of all human participants (p-values < 0.01). Kappa statistics indicated that the diagnostic consistency was slight to fair for both customized versions of ChatGPT and the pathology residents. It was noted that the interobserver agreement among the pathologist assistants was moderate.
Conclusion: The study highlights the potential of ChatGPT for augmenting diagnostic processes in pathology. However, it also emphasizes the current limitations of this AI tool compared to human expertise, particularly among experienced participants. This suggests the importance of integrating AI with human judgment in diagnosticpathology.
The Influence of Green Product Innovation, Green Process Innovation, and End-of-Line Management Innovation on Sustainability Performance Dimensions
Authors: Masoudi Ehsan , Emamiyan Seyyed Amirhossein
Published: February 2025

Purpose- Sustainability performance (SP) boosts competitive advantage and benefits the environment and society. The present study analyzes the impact of green technology innovation (GTI) dimensions, namely green product innovation (GPtI), green process innovation (GPsI), and end-of-line innovation management (ELIM), on SP dimensions, namely economic performance (EcP), environmental performance (EnP), and social performance (SoP).Design/Methodology- A questionnaire instrument was developed and administered to a sample of 145 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the Tehran province of Iran. The data collected were analyzed using PLS-SEM.Findings- The data analysis results showed that GPtI and GPsI significantly influence EcP, EnP, and SoP. Furthermore, the findings indicate that while ELIM positively impacts EnP and SoP, it does not exert any influence on EcP.Practical Implications- This research highlights the significance of GTI in enhancing SP, providing practical implications for SMEs to adopt eco-friendly practices, thereby improving operational efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and fostering competitive advantage in the market.
In Vitro Control of Sclerotium Rolfsii, The Causal Agent of Collar Rot in Sunflower Using Fungicides, Botanicals and Organic Matter
Authors: Sultana N A , Islam M A , Islam M S , Alam M M , Bell R W , Mainuddin M
Published: February 2025

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a vital oilseed crop that significantly reduces production globally, is seriously threatened by collar rot, a disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii reductions. This research sought to assess the effectiveness of various control methods against S. rolfsii in laboratory conditions, including nine fungicides, nine plant extracts, and five organic amendments. This study assessed the efficacy of various medicinal plant extracts at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) in inhibiting the in vitro mycelial growth of S. rolfsii. Among the plant extracts tested, garlic demonstrated the most potent antifungal properties, completely suppressing mycelial growth at 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations. The results indicate that garlic clove extract (98.18-100%) is the most effective at inhibiting S. rolfsii growth, with henna (65.92-92.46%) and black cumin extracts (64.80-85.88%) also demonstrating strong efficacy. The fungicide Carboxin and Thiram (Provax 200) were found most effective, achieving total inhibition, followed by Azoxystrobin and Difenoconazole (Amister Top) (91%) and Difenoconazole (Score) (90%). In the case of the extracts of organic amendment material, poultry refuse exhibited the highest inhibition, completely inhibiting the mycelial growth at 20% and 30% concentrations. Among the organic amendments, poultry refuse (94.40-100%), vermicompost (17.55-67.32%), and mustard oilcake (14.88-64.10%), showed strong potential for reducing S. rolfsii mycelial growth. The findings of the study suggest that Carboxin and Thiram, poultry refuse, and garlic extract could be effective in managing sunflower collar rot disease.
Bangladesh J. Agri. 2024, 49(2): 1-15
Effect Of Sulphur And Boron On The Growth And Seed Yield Of Fenugreek (Trigonella Corniculata L.)
Authors: Khatun M , Khatun K , Mostarin T , Hasan M J , Nadim M K A , Chowdhury S M A , Akter S E
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted at Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, during the Rabi season of November, 2021 to April, 2022 to study the effects of different level of sulphur and boron on the yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella corniculata) seed. The experiment consisted of two factors:  Factor A: 4 Levels of sulphur (S); T0 = S0 kg ha-1, T1 = S10kg ha-1, T2 = S15kg ha-1, T3 = S20kg ha-1 and Factor B: 4 levels of boron (F); F0 = B0kg ha-1, F1 = B1.0kg ha-1, F2 = B1.5kg ha-1, F3 = B2.0kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. Data on different growth, yield contributing and yield parameter of fenugreek were recorded and significant variation was observed from different treatments. T3F3 treatment showed better performance over other treatment combination. Maximum plant height (50.08 cm),  number of primary branches per plant (10.41), secondary branches per plant (5.09), number of seeds per pod (8.91),  number of pod per plant (1192.30),  weight of seeds per plant (2.50 g),  weight of seed per plot (75.00 g), maximum seed yield per hectare (625.00 kg) was obtained from T3F3 treatment combination.
Bangladesh J. Agri. 2024, 49(2): 79-86
Growth and Yield of Mustard as Influenced by Different Combined Doses of Zinc and Boron
Authors: Reza M S , Adhikary S , Nadim M K A , Hossain M E
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of BINA substation, Gopalganj from November 2022 to February 2023 to evaluate the effect of different doses of micronutrients (Zn and B) on the growth and yield of mustard. The experiment comprised of eight (8) treatments viz. T0= Control, T1=100% NPKSZnB as Recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDCF), T2= 100% NPKS, T3= 100% NPKS+Zn1.5kgha-1+B1.5kgha-1, T4= 100% NPKS+Zn2.0kgha-1+B2.0kgha-1, T5= 100% NPKS+Zn3.0kgha-1+B3.0kgha-1, T6=100% NPKS+Zn2.0kgha-1, T7= 100% NPKS+B2.0kgha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The results revealed that growth and yield were influenced significantly by the rate of 100% NPKS+Zn2.0kgha-1+B2.0kgha-1 application. The highest plant height (103.67 cm), primary branch/plant (6), secondary branch/plant (4.67), lowest days to flowering (35.67), days to maturity (83.00), plant population (728.67), siliqua length (7.30 cm), siliqua/plant (52.67), seeds/siliqua (39.00), 1000 seed weight (4.19 g) and yield (1.99 ton/ha) were obtained from 100% NPKS+Zn2.0kgha-1+B2.0kgha-1 treatment. The result showed that the growth and yield of mustard increased with increasing levels of Zn and B along with 100% NPKS fertilizers application. It may be concluded that the treatment T4= 100% NPKS+Zn2.0kgha-1+B2.0kgha-1 would be suitable for mustard cultivation for getting higher yield and better performance.
Bangladesh J. Agri. 2024, 49(2): 101-110
Influence of Planting Method and Leaf Clipping on The Yield Performance of White Maize
Authors: Bepary M R , Ullah M J , Mahmud M H , Hassan M , Hossain M D
Published: February 2025

An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during January to June 2018 to evaluate the influence of planting method and leaf clipping on the yield performance of white maize. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The experiment comprised of two factors. Factor A: Planting method - 2 types [P1 = Sowing, P2 = Transplanting] and Factor B: Leaf clipping - 4 levels [C1 = no leaf clipping, C2 = all leaf clipping, C3 = clipping of fourleaves above cob, C4 = clipping of fourleaves belowcob]. White Maize Yungnuo 3000 was used for the experiment. Significant difference was observed on growth, yield and yield contributing parameters. In the case of planting method, all growth and yield attributes were showed better performance in treatment P1 than treatment P2. In the case of leaf clipping, C1 treatment performed best on the plant height (89.31, 168.32 and 217.21 cm, respectively) at different days after planting, leaf length (41.87 cm), cob length (19.77 cm), cob breadth (18.42 cm), number of row cob-1 (14.67), number of grain row-1 (34.65), grain yield (8.69 t ha-1), 100 seed weight (28.47 g), oven dried shell weight (17.87 g) and oven dried chaff weight (10.88 g), whereas poor performance was found in C2. In case of interaction, P1C1 treatment gave the highest performance in all aspect of growth and yield parameters and lowest found from P2C2.
Bangladesh J. Agri. 2024, 49(2): 125-135
Morpho-physiological attributes of Blackgram varieties as influenced by planting geometry
Authors: Kader K , Ahmed M , Karim M F , Amin A K M R
Published: February 2025

The study was carried out at the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during March to June 2021 in Kharif-I season to evaluate the effect of varieties and different plant spacing of blackgram. The trial comprised of three varieties of blackgram viz., V1=BINA mash1, V2=BARI mash2, V3=BARI mash4 and four different plant spacing viz., P1= Broadcast, P2=Paired row (15 cm × 10 cm), P3= Square planting (20 cm × 20 cm) and P4= Row sowing (30 cm × 15 cm). The experiment was laid out in a RCB design with three replications. The results revealed that the blackgram variety BARI mash4 produced the highest seed yield (1.83 t ha-1), whereas BINA mash1 produced the lowest seed yield (1.27 t ha-1). In case of different plant spacing the seed yield ranges between (1.27 -1.83 t ha-1) where maximum seed yield was recorded in spacing of (30 cm × 15 cm). When compared to other treatment combinations, the combination of variety BARI mash4 and 30 cm × 15 cm spacing had an impact on plant growth and yield-contributing characteristics; thus, the results indicated that this combination (30 cm × 15 cm) was suitable for blackgram's maximum growth, seed yield, and yield-contributing parameters.
Bangladesh J. Agri. 2024, 49(2): 111-124
Influence Of Mulching And Fertilizers On Growth, Yield And Quality Of Sugar Beet
Authors: Jahan N , Solaiman A H M , Islam N , Hossain F , Choudhury S
Published: February 2025

An experiment was carried out during the period from October 2022 to April 2023 to investigate the effect of different mulching materials and fertilizers on sugar beet growth, yield, and quality. The experiment consisted of mulch materials: no mulch, black polythene mulch, and rice straw mulch; and four fertilizer treatment: control (no fertilizer), 100% RCF (recommended chemical fertilizer), 100% vermicompost @ 10 t/ha and 50% vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + 50% RCF. Treatment with 50% vermicompost + 50% inorganic fertilizer (RCF) produced significant results than other treatments. Among the mulch materials, black polythene performed better than the other mulch materials. Accordingly, 50% vermicompost + 50% inorganic fertilizer and black polythene mulch may be recommended to obtain better sugar beet yield and quality.
Bangladesh J. Agri. 2024, 49(2): 53-69
Assessing mechanized, conservation, and small-scale tillage impacts on Alexander wander wheat performance in Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Engonwie Sharon Mbachan  , Ngwa Martin Ngwabie
Published: February 2025

Tillage practices constitute the major initial applications of farm power and machinery during crop cultivation. They comprise all soil-related manipulations aimed at preparing a good seedbed for appropriate crop growth. In order to improve crop yields while enabling sustainable soils, tillage practices executed during crop production in a particular region need to be assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of tillage practices on Alexander wander wheat growth, and yield in Bamenda, Cameroon. An experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons of 2023 and 2024 at the research farm of the College of Technology of the University of Bamenda, Cameroon laid out in a randomized complete block design comprising five tillage treatments namely; mechanized tillage (disc ploughing followed by disc harrowing), conservation tillage (no-tillage, and strip tillage), and small-scale tillage (burning in ridges (“Ankara”), and traditional ridge tillage). Disc ploughing was conducted using a 3-disc standard right-handed disc plough followed by disc harrowing using an offset disc harrow. Tillage significantly influenced wheat performance (growth parameters, and yield attributes) during both the 2023, and 2024 cropping seasons. Ankara produced the best wheat performance followed by traditional ridge tillage. Disc ploughing followed by disc harrowing came third, while no-tillage, and strip-tillage practices produced the poorest wheat growth parameters, and yield attributes during both years. Thus, small-scale tillage practices (Ankara and traditional ridge tillage) are recommended for Alexander wander wheat production in Bamenda, Cameroon followed by mechanized tillage (disc ploughing followed by disc harrowing).
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 20-27, December 2024
Determination of mineral composition of traditional plant-based bicarbonates: A case study of Eicchornia crassipes, Elaeis guineensis, and Musa x paradisiaca
Authors: Exaucée Lukumu Mubenzem  , Jean Paul Mbo Nzundu  , Clément Mutunda Mbadiko  , Jean Jacques Domondo Amogu  , Gisèle Kafuti Makengo  , Théophile Fundu Mbemba
Published: February 2025

Poor nutrition can lead to malnutrition due to micronutrient deficiencies, posing serious public health issues. Promoting traditional foods is one approach, with a sustainable impact on addressing micronutrient deficiencies, being explored in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study aimed to determine and compare the mineral profile of three types of traditional bicarbonate produced from the leaves and spadices of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), the leaves of the water hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes), and the peels of plantains (Musa x paradisiaca). Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Data analysis revealed that these three types of traditional bicarbonate have notable mineral contents, with varying levels of calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. The noteworthy concentrations of these nutritionally relevant minerals suggest that these three types of traditional bicarbonate could serve as good sources of essential minerals for preventing malnutrition due to micronutrient deficiencies and potentially helping prevent non-communicable chronic diseases.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 38-43, December 2024
Different harvesting dates influence the growth, seed yield and quality of two rice varieties in Ghana
Authors: Paul Kweku Tandoh  , Irene Akua Idun  , Philip Amponsah Duodu  , Bridget Dwomoh
Published: February 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food which contains a high amount of nutrients essential for human nutrition, energy supply, and food security. Despite its nutritional value, it does not reach its physiological maturity at the same time thereby affecting the quality of seeds produced when harvested. The overarching objective of this research was to determine the influence of harvesting days on seed yield and quality of two rice varieties (Jasmine 85 and Amankwatia) at the Department of Horticulture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. A 2 x 3 factorial arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was the study design. Factor one was the two varieties (Jasmine and Amankwatia) and factors two was different harvesting times at three levels [105, 112 and 126 days after transplanting (DAT)]. The study revealed that Jasmine 85 had the highest plant height, number of panicles and number of tillers. The study also showed that the interaction of the varieties and different harvesting times had a significant influence on the germination percentage, germination energy, germination rate index and mean germination time. The study showed that Amankwatia harvested at 126 DAT and Jasmine harvested at 112 DAT respectively, performed the best in terms of yield. Furthermore, Amankwatia harvested at 112 DAT and Jasmine harvested at 105 DAT respectively, also improved germination parameters. Harvesting of both varieties (Jasmine and Amankwatia) at 112 DAT and 126 DAT will maximize yield, while harvesting at Amankwatia at 112 DAT and Jasmine at 105 will improve germination.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 122-131, December 2024
The consistency of vitamin B12 in marketed microalgae powders
Authors: Md Mirazul Islam
Published: February 2025

Vitamin B12 is a water nutrient that plays a key role, in DNA replication and the production of red blood cells as well as maintaining proper neuron function in the body system. Insufficient levels of this vitamin can result in health complications like megaloblastic anemia. At times, microalgal powders have surfaced as a source of vitamin B12. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of active vitamin B12 in microalgae with a specific focus on commercially available strains, like Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis gaditana. The research discovered that Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana powders have vitamin B12 levels of, up to 2.1 µ/g whereas Spirulina powders contain pseudo vitamin B12 than active B12. Collectively speaking Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana serve as good sources of active vitamin B12 while Spirulina seems to be less potent due, to its high pseudo-vitamin B12 content. This research highlights the promise of powders, like Chlorella sp. and N. gaditana as sources of accessible vitamin B12 that may contribute to addressing nutritional gaps in diets.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 146-152, December 2024
Establishment of an effective photobioreactor for growing microalgae: A review
Authors: Md Mirazul Islam  , Hasibul Alam  , Aishi Acharjee  , Md Salatul Islam Mozumder
Published: February 2025

The premise that microalgae could be used to produce landscapes of biofuel, nutrition, and bioremediation is gaining popularity. The four main factors influential to microalgae growth are light, CO2, nutrients, and process conditions-including temperature and pH. Compared to other open systems such as ponds, control and efficiency in flat plate and tubular type photobioreactors are much higher. A photobioreactor needs to be developed to enhance the mass transport, and light penetration, and to reduce contamination. Every kind of photobioreactor has its advantages and limitations in using the airlift, bubble column, and stirred tank. Thus, the use of hybrid bioreactors makes it possible to eliminate individual limitations. This review discusses and analyzes the features of photobioreactor systems, their drawbacks, and the progress achieved in the field of microalgae production.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(2): 153-162, December 2024
Net Urinary Acid Excretion and its Association with Kidney Disease Progression in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Das Sutapa , Khan Md. Abdus Sabur , Sukur Md. Abdus , Morshed Md. Raquib , Das Sumon , Debnath Dilip Kumar , Hussain Md. Zakir , Ershad Sheikh Mohammad , Mita Ayesha Alom , Chowdhury Ayub Ali , Alam Kazi Shahnoor , Alam Babrul
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic kidney disease as an important public health issue. Previous studies suggest that higher urinary acid excretion is associated with progression of chronic kidney disease, but such relationship is not universally proven.
Objective: To further assess such relationship between urine net acid excretion and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, present study was designed to measure net acid excretion and to compare it with the changing stages of chronic kidney disease.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Nephrology and Department of Biochemistry of National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka, from July 2020 to August 2021, among chronic kidney disease stage 1 to stage 5 patients who had not received dialysis as case and age and sex matched control. Patients of both gender with chronic kidney disease (stages 1-5) with urine output at least 500ml/day and age ≥ 18 years old, were enrolled in the study. Data collection sheet consisted of patient’s demographics, clinical examination and investigation result sheet. Anthropometric parameters like height and weight were measured. Systolic and diastolic BP of each patient was recorded at the time of data collection. Blood and urine samples were taken for biochemical analysis.
Results: As per the selection criteria, 46 case were enrolled in the study, along with 13 age and sex matched control. Mean age of the case and control group were 51.24 ± 12.80 years and 39.38 ± 10.28 years respectively (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference regarding net acid excretion was noticed between the case and control groups (p = 0.67). Also, no statistically significant association was found between net urinary acid excretion and different stages of chronic kidney disease. NAE was found to have statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with serum phosphorus and total cholesterol. NAE had statistically significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with urine pH. Although NAE had positive correlation with serum creatinine, this was not statistically significant (p=0.30).
Conclusion: In conclusion there is no statistically significant relation between net urinary acid excretion and stages of chronic kidney disease.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):44-51
Status of Dental Caries and Oral Health Behaviour among 6 to 9 Years Children Attending at a Dental College Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Alam Md. Shafiul , Shahed Abu Mohammad , Mesbah Fahmida Binte , Haque Mohammad Ahtashamul , Azam Md. Shafiul , Mian Md. Anowar Hussain
Published: February 2025

Background: Oral hygiene is the method that is used to `prevent pathological condition that affect mouth like gum disease, cavities, mouth sores and ulcers.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe oral health behavior among the children of 6 to 9 years’ old such as regular tooth brushing, uses of oral hygiene aids and dental attendance to maintain their good oral health for a life time.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study conducted in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh study was carried out from October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 175 participants’ children aged 6 to 9 years attending at the OPD with dental Caries in Dhaka Dental College Hospital were the study population. The study population were included children aged 6 to 9 years in Dhaka dental college and hospital who were available and wished to participate. The questionnaire was used in this study pre-tested before the data collection, data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview.
Results: A total of 175 children were examined during the study. Among them 65.13% were suffering from caries teeth. Among the majority of children (40.57%) dental caries was from government primary school as compare from private primary school (15.43%). The dmft score of 1 or higher increases with the increasing age of the children. 7 to 8 years’ children (20.57%) had high dmft score. High DMFT score indicates significant relation between age of children and dmft scores (P=.000, <0.01). Among them 66.86% children brush their teeth regularly whereas 33.14% followed irregularly brush their teeth and only 20.4% brush their teeth twice daily which are recommended whereas majority 79.6% brush their teeth once daily. Among them had habit of snacking aftermeal observed in 87.43% of the participants but only 15.43% of children cleaned their teeth after snack food.
Conclusion: Good oral health behavior plays a fundamental role for general wellbeing by preventing common oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, especially in children who live in developing countries.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):38-43
Determinants of Parents’ Delay for Diagnosis of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Mowla Mohammed Golam , Choudhury Ahmed Murtaza , Ahmed Fahim , Ara Anjuman , Begum Khaleda , Yasmin Taslima
Published: February 2025

Background: It is very important to early diagnosis of cancer because it gives an opportunity for early treatment and prognosis. Unfortunately, late presentation and delayed diagnosis of childhood cancer remains a problem in developing countries including Bangladesh.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factors behind parents’ delay in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia among children in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Pediatrics at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from April 2013 to September 2013. Information was obtained from hospital records of children diagnosed as acute leukemia Information included socio-demographic variables, urbanization, parent education and other causes to delayed diagnosis of leukemia.
Results: Seventy children (44 males, 26 females) were included where the most common age group was 5 to 10 years which was 37(52.9%). Among 70 acute leukemia patients 66 (94.3%) lived in rural area and 4(5.7%) lived in urban area. Most of the patients 59(89.3%) belongs to the low socioeconomic status and 11(15.7%) were from middle class family. Among the parents, 27(38.6%) fathers and 33(47.1%) mothers were illiterate. Delayed reaching tertiary care hospital after suspicion were lack of personal 2 (2.85%), economic constrain 6 (8.57%), lack of information about availability of proper treatment 1 (1.42%), other causes 30 (42.85%) and none 31(44.28%). Median lag time was 60 days.
Conclusion: In conclusion factors contributing to delayed diagnosis are rural areas, parents’ education, economic constrain and urbanization.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):26-31
Bilateral Lumbar Micro-Foraminotomy and Micro-Discectomy with 18 Months Postoperative Follow-Up: A Series of 27 Cases
Authors: Karim AKM Bazlul , Monsur Abu Tahir Mohammad Sahidullah , Habib Riad , Reza Md. Mamun , Islam Kazi Shahabulbul , Chaudhury Dibakar , Radid MD. Rezwan , Biswas Akas , Ahmed Kawshik , Hossain Mir Shamsad , Khatun Aziza , Hussain Atique Bin , Dey Mithun Kumar , Hasan Md. Arif , Khan Md Ashiqul Muhit , Ahmed MD Ifran
Published: February 2025

Background: Bilateral lumbar micro foraminotomy and bilateral micro-discectomy is considered as a gold standard surgical technique for the treatment of patients with lumbar disc hernia (LDH) with lateral recess stenosis (LRS) although various types of treatment are being developed.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of bilateral lumbar micro-foraminotomy and bilateral micro-discectomy for the treatment of patients with lumbar disc hernia (LDH).
Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery & Neuro-ICU at Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during the period of January 2019 to December 2020. All data were collected from patient files. Data were collected pre-designed data collection sheet.
Results: This study shows shows maximum (48.1%) were 41 to 50 years followed by 37.0% were 31 to 40 years and 14.8% were 20 to 30 years.  The average age was 39.66±9.25 years. Majority (77.8%) were male and 22.2% cases were female. The most common levels affected by soft disc prolapse recess stenosis are L4-5 and L5-S1 segments. This study shows the mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were 76.11±12.81 in preoperative and 5.00±7.72 postoperative. The decrease in values has been found to be significant in preoperative and postoperative (P<0.001). Study found only 3.7% was complications.
Conclusion: Bilateral lumbar micro foraminotomy and bilateral micro-discectomy is an effective and safe method in the treatment of soft disc prolapse with lateral recess stenosis as it has low complication rates.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):17-20
Outcomes of Surgical and Non-Surgical Management of Primary Intracerebral Haemorrhage: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Talukder Md. Moajjam Hossain , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Hoque Mohammed Ashraful , Uddin Kalim , Yusuf Md. Abdullah , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Hossain SK Sader
Published: February 2025

Background: Management of primary intracerebral haemorrhage is very important in the context of outcomes.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the outcomes of surgical and non-surgical management of primary intracerebral haemorrhage.
Methodology: This non-randomized clinical trial study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2006 to December 2007 for a period of two (02) years. All patients with primary intracerebral haematoma admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery in study period managed conservatively or surgically is the study population. Selected patients were divided into two group of which patients in group A were treated surgically and the group B patients were treated conservatively. Best medical treatment was given for nonsurgical group and operation were done for surgical group and followed up after surgery till discharge by observing GCS, neurological improvement and GOS at discharge.
Results: Of the total 60 subjects selected for study, 30 cases were in group A and the rest of 30 cases were in group B. The both groups were almost identical in terms of age. Distribution of patients in relation to age had no significant difference (P­=0.7). In group A 13(43.3%) patients were died and the survival rate was in 17(56.6%) cases. On the other hand, in group B mortality rate were 15(50.0%) patients and survival rate were 15(50%) patients (P=0.605). Considering the Glasgow outcome scale, in group A 13(43.3%) patients died and 7(23.3%) patients had severe and moderate disability and 3(10.0%) patients had good outcome. In group B 15(50%) patients died and 8(26.7%) patients had severe disability as well as 7(23.3%) patients had moderate disability (p=0.360).
Conclusion: In conclusion there is no significant difference of outcomes of surgical and non-surgical management of primary intracerebral haemorrhage.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):12-16
Mode and Associated Injury among the Patients Presented with Acute Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Uddin Kalim , Talukder Md. Moajjam Hossain , Haque Mohammed Ashraful , Rumi Jalal Uddin Md. , Islam Monirul , Salam MA , Islam Monzurul , Hoassain SK Sader
Published: February 2025

Background: Different mode of injuries are responsible for the formation of acute subdural hematoma.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to mode and associated injury among the patients presented with acute subdural hematoma.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Neurosurgery Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2011 to August 2012 for a period of one year and eight months. Patients with acute subdural hematoma who fulfil the inclusion criteria for surgery and got admitted into the Hospital were selected as study population. Acute Subdural hematoma patient of any age, both sexes with GCS 5 to 13, thickness of hematoma more than l0 mm, midline shift more than 5 mm, pupil reacting to light and patient presented within 72 hours of injury were included for this study. At admission, a detailed history of the illness was taken from the patient or attendant, thorough general and neurological examinations were carried out and were recorded.
Results: A total number of 48 patients presented with acute subdural hematoma who were operated in the Department of Neurosurgery of Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were included in current study. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 10 to 30 years which was 25(52.1%) cases. In this study, majority of patients 26(54.2%) had history of road traffic accidents. Other causes of injury were fall from height 9(18.75%), physical assault 7(14.58%), industrial accident 2(4.16%). No associated injury was found in 18(37.5%) patients and 15(31.2%) cases were hemorrhagic contusion. In this study 3(6.5%) cases were presented with intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 4(8.3%) cases were associated EDH. SAH was found in 3(6.5%) cases.
Conclusion: In conclusion the most common mode of injury is road traffic accidents which is associated with hemorrhagic contusion.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):8-11
Trends of Mortality among Neuro-Medicine Inpatient admitted at a Tertiary Care Neuro Specialized Referral Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sirajul , Mallick Uzzwal Kumar , Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Begum Nurjahan , Hossain Kazi Ismail , Mostafa Nafseen , Galib Chowdhury Mohammad Fuad , Ahmed Monsur
Published: February 2025

Background: Understanding the patterns and determinants of inpatient mortality among neurological patients presenting with medical problem at a tertiary care Neuro-Specialized Hospital is crucial for optimizing care delivery and improving patient outcomes.
Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the factors contributing to inpatient mortality in this population.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study of all patients who died during and after admission into Neuro Critical Care department of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This is the largest tertiary care center and the only national referral center hospital in Bangladesh. Data on demography and events from 2017 to 2022 leading to death were collected and were analyzed from emergency unit, HDU and ward. The records were evaluated with the trends of mortality. The aged up to 92years with different treatment purpose was considered as study population. Data including patient demographics, primary neurological diagnoses were collected and analyzed. The subjects were collected from neuro-medicine inpatient departments.
Results: A total of 244 deaths were recorded among the 1312 patients admitted during the 6-years period giving a mortality rate of 18.59% cases. Among them 59.1% cases were male and 40.9% cases were female. The highest number of the patients belongs to the age group 18-65 years 80.9%. According to length of stay in hospital more than 30 days was 48.51%. Most of the patient got admitted to the hospital in emergency ward 22.6%. Yearly mortality trends were lowest in the year 2019(10.3%) and gradually increased in the year 2022 (32.7%).
Conclusion: In conclusion the death rate of patients is significant among the admitted neurological diseases conditions.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):3-7
Genetic Basis of Parkinson’s Disease: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Sarker Imran
Published: February 2025

Abstract Not Available
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2024;10(1):1-2
Criminal Fines Issuing Tax Invoices Not Based on Actual Transactions with More than One Perpetrator
Authors: Sautma Anggiat , Suseno Sigid Suseno , Cahyadini Amelia Cahyadini
Published: February 2025

Criminal fines in the case of issuance of tax invoices that are not based on actual transactions (TBTS) aim to recover losses of state revenue, but in the event that there is more than one perpetrator, the fines applied cannot be applied equally to each perpetrator because the fines applied become multiple. This writing is prepared to analyze the application of criminal fines for the issuance of TBTS tax invoices involving more than one perpetrator in the perspective of legal objectives. The research method used is normative legal research with a case study approach and a conceptual approach using the reference of Development Law Theory. This research is a new contribution to legal development in the application of criminal fines in the criminal offense of issuing TBTS tax invoices with more than one perpetrator. This writing concludes that the application of criminal fines in the case of issuance of TBTS tax invoices with more than one perpetrator is carried out proportionally and objectively according to the benefits or benefits obtained by each perpetrator in order to fulfill the principles of legal certainty, justice and expediency. The absence of rules regarding the mechanism for the application of criminal fines for the issuance of TBTS tax invoices with more than one perpetrator is an obstacle to efforts to apply criminal fines as a recovery for losses of state revenue.
The Future of MSMEs in Indonesia: Policy Directions for National Legal Formation in Supporting MSMEs Growth
Authors: Hidayat Agi Attaubah , Ikhsan Fachrial , Hafid Numan Sofari , Rosidin Utang , Permana Ardian Agus
Published: February 2025

This research explores the national legal formation policies that support the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, emphasizing their role as critical drivers of economic growth. Using a normative juridical method, the study evaluates recent regulatory reforms, such as the introduction of the Business Identification Number (NIB) and incentives for MSME partnerships. These initiatives simplify business formalization and enhance MSME competitiveness. The study applies Inclusive Growth Theory and Economic Analysis of Law (EAL) to propose policy directions that ensure equitable access to resources, digital transformation, and efficient regulatory environments. Recommendations highlight the need for adaptive and collaborative legal frameworks to strengthen MSMEs as pillars of inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Triggers Phosphatidylserine Externalization in the Erythrocyte Membrane through Calcium Signaling and Anticholinesterase Activity
Authors: Alharthy FH , Alsughayyir J , Alfhili MA
Published: February 2025

Hemolysis and eryptosis contribute to anemia encountered in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 dietary fatty acid that has anticancer potential by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but its effect on the physiology and lifespan of red blood cells (RBCs) is understudied. Human RBCs were exposed to anticancer concentrations of EPA (10–100 μM) for 24 h at 37 °C. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and hemolysis were measured by colorimetric assays whereas annexin-V-FITC and forward scatter (FSC) were employed to identify eryptotic cells. Oxidative stress was assessed by H2DCFDA and intracellular Ca2+ was measured by Fluo4/AM. EPA significantly increased hemolysis and K+ leakage, and LDH and AST activities in the supernatants in a concentration-dependent manner. EPA also significantly increased annexin-V-FITC-positive cells and Fluo4 fluorescence and decreased FSC and AChE activity. A significant reduction in the hemolytic activity of EPA was noted in the presence extracellular isosmotic urea, 125 mM KCl, and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000), but not sucrose. In conclusion, EPA stimulates hemolysis and eryptosis through Ca2+ buildup and AChE inhibition. Urea, blocking KCl efflux, and PEG 8000 alleviate the hemolytic activity of EPA. The anticancer potential of EPA may be optimized using Ca2+ channel blockers and chelators to minimize its toxicity to off-target tissue.
Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in a Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model in Rats; A Pilot Study
Authors: Kozler P , Marešová D , Pokorný J
Published: February 2025

Animal models are an important tool for studying ischemic mechanisms of stroke. Among them, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model via the intraluminal suture method in rodents is closest to human ischemic stroke. It is a model of transient occlusion followed by reperfusion, thus representing cerebral ischemia–reperfusion model that simulates patients with vascular occlusion and timely recanalization. Although reperfusion is very beneficial for the possibility of preserving brain functions after ischemia, it also brings a great risk in the form of brain edema, which can cause the development of intracranial hypertension, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we present the results of our own transient reperfusion model of MCAO in which we tested the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using Evans blue (EB), an intravital dye with a high molecular weight (68,500 Da) that prevents its penetration through the intact BBB. A total of 15 animals were used in the experiment and underwent the following procedures: insertion of the MCA occluder; assessment of ischemia by 2,3,5 -Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; assessment of the BBB permeability using brain EB distribution. The results are presented and discussed. The test of BBB permeability using EB showed that 120 minutes after induction of ischemia, the BBB is open for the entry of large molecules into the brain. We intend to use this finding to time the application of neuroprotective agents via ICA injection in our next stroke model.