bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Quantum Computing in Government and the Defence Sector
Authors: Topno Vivek , Kundu Tannisha , Dehury Mohan Kumar
Published: April 2024

Quantum computing is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to transform various industries, including government operations, defence strategies, and national security. The chapter discusses its fundamental principles, advantages, limitations, and applications in cryptography, optimization, resource allocation, quantum sensing, and metrology. It highlights the need for quantum-resistant cryptography and post-quantum cryptographic algorithms to safeguard sensitive information. Quantum algorithms can improve decision-making processes, enhance efficiency, and address logistical challenges in defense strategy planning and disaster management. Quantum communication and secure networks are crucial for secure communication among government agencies, military units, and allied nations. Challenges include high costs, skilled personnel, and ethical and legal implications. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the future outlook of quantum computing in these sectors, emphasizing the need for continued research and investment.
Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Singha Ranjit , Singha Surjit
Published: April 2024

By producing immersive, individualized, and captivating therapeutic experiences, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) may significantly transform mental health treatment. These technologies provide efficacious resolutions for exposure therapy, augmenting conventional methodologies, mitigating social disapproval, and fortifying the therapeutic alliance. Virtual and augmented reality increase the accessibility and convenience of therapy by enabling highly individualized interventions. Training for mental health professionals, rigorous research, compliance with data privacy regulations, and adherence to ethical standards are essential for responsible use. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) can expand the accessibility of mental health services as costs decrease, thereby ultimately enhancing the welfare of those in search of assistance and recovery. Incorporating augmented reality and virtual reality into clinical practice may make mental health treatment more engaging, effective, and individualized.
Robotics Rx
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet
Published: April 2024

“Robotics Rx: A Prescription for the Future of Healthcare” provides a forward-thinking road plan for the implementation of robotics in the medical field. The purpose of this study is to investigate the revolutionary potential of robots in terms of boosting diagnostic accuracy, enhancing patient care, and revolutionising surgical procedures. This prescription illustrates a future in which artificial intelligence, machine learning, and precision robotics work together in a seamless manner with medical professionals, thereby enhancing their ability to perform and ultimately redefining the standards of medical practise. This is accomplished by delving into the advancements that have been made in these areas.
Navigating the Quandaries of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Mental Health Decision Support in Healthcare
Authors: Mukhopadhaya Sagarika , Bag Akash , Panwar Pooja , Malagi Varsha
Published: April 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mental health services is examined in this chapter, highlighting the potential advantages of intelligent decision support systems in reducing the workload of medical personnel and enhancing patient care. However, there are serious worries due to the delicate nature of healthcare and the moral dilemmas brought on by possible malpractice or neglect. Five reoccurring ethical issues are identified and analyzed in this chapter, which includes interviews with healthcare professionals and AI researchers. These challenges are handling inaccurate suggestions, negotiating moral dilemmas, preserving patient autonomy, addressing the liability conundrum, and building trust. The chapter thoroughly analyzes these issues through empirical data and a literature study, illuminating the convoluted ethical terrain at the nexus of AI and mental health.
Stress, Resilience, and Brain Performance
Authors: Singha Ranjit
Published: April 2024

The chapter explores the complex interplay among stress, resilience, and optimal cognitive functioning within the context of leadership. It researches the neuroscience of stress, chronic stress's neurobiological effects, and resilience's buffering function. This chapter examines evidence-based stress management techniques and provides practical strategies for developing resilience. The chapter elucidates the neuroscientific underpinnings that support the notion that resilience influences problem-solving, creativity, and decision-making. Real-world illustrations serve to demonstrate the adept navigation of challenges by resilient leaders. Case studies illustrate the integration of resilience practices by organizations. Furthermore, the text covers practical leadership advice and the overarching concept of organizational resilience concerning neuroleadership.
Building Resilience and Managing Stress for Better Leadership Outcomes
Authors: Prabha Chander
Published: April 2024

Stress is a psychological and physiological response to threatening or challenging situations. The stress reaction is natural. It occurs due to pressure and demands in a particular work environment. However, excessive or chronic stress may have negative effects, especially on mental and later on physical health. Building resilience and managing stress are crucial managerial skills for effective leadership. High-pressure situations are often faced by leaders. The ability to remain resilient and to manage stress significantly impacts one's performance and the well-being of teams. Stress harms brain functioning, so techniques need to be emphasized to reduce stress. No one is born with resilience; it can be cultivated and strengthened throughout life via experiences. To achieve positive results, resilience helps in prioritizing well-being and to face challenges. This chapter focuses on strategies for better leadership outcomes, stress management techniques, aspects of leadership resilience, and its outcomes.
An Organizational Resilience for Structural Sustainability Framework in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Rodriguez-Maillard Carlos A. , Arroyo-Álvarez Angélica , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: April 2024

This chapter analyzes socio-economic sustainability in the post-pandemic era based on an organizational structural construct based on a framework for elements for reliability, safety, and deployment of organizational resources. It is assumed that theoretical and empirical studies in organizational resilience have limited contributions on the concepts of high-reliability organization applied to a diversity of entities and with a variety of characteristics. The method employed is the analytical reflective of the theoretical and empirical literature review. This study concludes that the emerging concept of organizational resilience confirms that the creation and development of an organizational resilience framework for structural construct can be supported by elements based on flexibility of organizational culture, organizational safety and reliability, the promotion elements, and the deployment of organizational resources.
A Theoretical Framework for Emotional Intelligence in Academic Leadership in Higher Education
Authors: Manoharan Geetha , Ashtikar Sunitha Purushottam
Published: April 2024

In higher education, EI is crucial to leadership. Leaders of universities and colleges must navigate difficult issues, provide a pleasant learning environment, and manage varied teams. EI can greatly affect a leader's negotiation skills. Strong emotional intelligence in leaders unlocks their own and others' potential. This chapter discusses leadership, emotional intelligence, and the pyramid model. Technology also helps leaders use emotional intelligence. The strategies framework trains educators and professionals. This study proposes a new theoretical framework of the emotional abilities a leader needs to learn to build human capital. The pyramid model of emotional intelligence and leadership tactics are studied.
Ethical Leadership
Authors: Kumari Jyoti , Gupta Chandan , Jindal Priya
Published: April 2024

This chapter's central ideas are the modern concept of ethical leadership and moral issues with leadership such as spiritual, real, and transformational leadership. The chapter discusses the causes and effects of ethical leadership, drawing largely on the literature at the confluence of ethics and leadership. Ethical leadership places a strong emphasis on moral and ethical behaviour in acts and decision-making. The chapter discusses how ethical leaders engage their followers' ethical and emotional brain centres to promote an environment of trust and transformation. It has been observed that ethical leadership is still largely understudied, opening up opportunities for fresh study and for leaders to improve their effectiveness. The chapter focuses on leadership-related thinking and how it might serve to illuminate workplace reality. The author also takes into account the passage of time since leaders' decisions are observed immediately and assessed years afterwards.
Review and Analysis of Forensic Auditing
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Singh Ajwinder
Published: April 2024

The internal auditors play a very significant role in maintaining accounting ethics; however, it is also appropriate to assert that the working of the internal auditor is being controlled by the management of the organization. The external auditors remain helpless due to manipulative data shown by the authorities. Henceforth, the managements continue to groom their tactics towards unethical practices without being detected on the surface. Hence, the internal or external auditors may not be enough to identify the emerging frauds in the corporate world such as white-collar crimes which may occur in the form of corporate scams, cash embezzlement, insolvencies, corporate disputes, and possibly unethical financial transaction. This study has discussed the applicability of forensic auditing over external auditing using past Indian scenarios for the fraud detection as well as prevention. The chapter is conceptual and focuses on the magnitude of forensic auditing in the detection as well as prevention of frauds in the business enterprise.
Blockchain Empowerment for Securing IoT Sensory Data in Next-Gen Intelligent Systems
Authors: Logambigai R. , Babu C. V. Suresh
Published: April 2024

This chapter, titled “Blockchain Empowerment for Securing IoT Sensory Data in Next-Gen Intelligent Systems,” systematically investigates the pivotal role of blockchain in safeguarding IoT sensory data, crucial for next-generation intelligent systems. Beginning with an elucidation of IoT sensory data and its significance, the chapter establishes a foundation for comprehending blockchain's role in ensuring the security of this sensitive information. Subsequent sections explore how blockchain technology offers a decentralized and secure framework, overcoming challenges posed by traditional centralized data management systems. Real-world examples shed light on the practical implications of immutable data records, emphasizing the contribution of Blockchain to advancing next-gen intelligent systems. Furthermore, the chapter explores additional use cases, emphasizing privacy-preserving techniques that enhance the secure management of IoT sensory data, providing a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between Blockchain and IoT security.
Cloud Computing and Machine Learning in the Green Power Sector
Authors: Tirlangi Satyanarayana , Teotia Shashiraj , Padmapriya G. , Senthil Kumar S. , Dhotre Sunita , Boopathi S.
Published: April 2024

The green power sector is revolutionizing energy production, grid management, and sustainability by integrating cloud computing and machine learning techniques. This chapter explores data handling processes, including data sources, collection methods, preprocessing, and cloud computing. It discusses machine learning algorithms for predictive modeling and real-time monitoring. Key benefits, challenges, and considerations are discussed, along with case studies of successful cloud adoption in green power projects. The chapter also emphasizes data governance, security, integration techniques, and warehousing solutions for handling growing data requirements. The sector offers efficiency, reliability, and environmental responsibility, but faces challenges like data privacy, scalability, and regulatory compliance.
A Deep Learning-Based Efficient Image Captioning Approach for Hindi Language
Authors: Jayaswal Vishal , Rani Rajneesh , Kaur Jagdeep
Published: April 2024

The image caption is a statement that simply conveys the contents of an image. The technique of picture captioning requires both digital image processing and natural language processing. Previously, the majority of research was completed in English language for image captioning. But research work for the Hindi language is much less. Hindi is the national language of India, and the fourth most widely spoken language in the world. The vast majority of Indians speak Hindi. This was the main cause behind the choice to develop a Hindi-language picture captioning algorithm. In this chapter, an effective deep learning-based photo captioning model based on encoder-decoder for the Hindi language is proposed. The encoding process utilizes a convolution neural network (CNN), while the decoding process employs a recurrent neural network (RNN) with an attention mechanism. For the implementation, the Hindi version of the Flickr 8k dataset is used and to evaluate the performance of image captioning, BLEU score is used.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor-associated non-diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report
Authors: Trapanese Vincenzo , Maruca Francesco , Natale Maria Resilde , Giofrè Federica , Cosentino Francesca , Sergi Silvia , Armentaro Giuseppe , Condoleo Valentino , Arturi Franco
Published: April 2024

Ketoacidosis is considered an emergency metabolic disorder that can be triggered by starvation and alcohol consumption in addition to diabetes. We described an unusual case of ketoacidosis in a non-diabetic young man who presented to our hospital with a complaint of rapid and shallow breathing, weakness and nausea. Fourteen days back, due to heart failure, he started sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) in addition to fumarate bisoprolol, sacubitril/valsartan and eplerenone. Based on clinical examination, ketoacidosis was suspected, although his glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were in range. Overall, based on the clinical and laboratory findings, the diagnosis of euglycemic non-diabetic ketoacidosis due to the use of the SGLT2- i was made and SGLT2-i has been discontinued. Although SGLT2-i are effective and safe drugs, it is advisable to carefully evaluate their use also in non-diabetic patients especially when hepatic fibrosis or incorrect eating habits are present.
La gestione infermieristica e la prevenzione delle complicanze nel paziente portatore di dispositivo di assistenza ventricolare Impella
Authors: Simion Camilla , Vanin Mattia , Vokrri Leon
Published: April 2024

Introduzione: recentemente l’utilizzo del dispositivo di assistenza ventricolare Impella nei pazienti con insufficienza cardiaca acuta, ha riportato benefici tali da incrementarne l’utilizzo. Tuttavia, le complicanze correlate al dispositivo Impella sono molteplici e di diversa entità. A fronte di ciò, risulta fondamentale la centralità della professione infermieristica adeguatamente formata per garantire la corretta assistenza al paziente portatore di tale dispositivo in qualsiasi circostanza.
Scopo: lo scopo dello studio è quello di individuare le complicanze associate al paziente portatore di dispositivo Impella e i relativi metodi di monitoraggio, gestione e prevenzione nei quali la professione infermieristica è chiamata ad agire.
Materiali e Metodi: è stata svolta una revisione della letteratura presente nelle principali banche dati online, quali Pubmed e Google Scholar, degli ultimi 10 anni ed è stato utilizzato il metodo PIO per lo sviluppo delle parole chiave.
Risultati: dalla ricerca effettuata sono stati selezionati 29 articoli. Da tali articoli risulta che le complicanze più comuni correlate al dispositivo Impella riguardano il sanguinamento, la lesione vascolare e l’ischemia dell’arto ma è da considerare meritevole di attenzione anche la complicanza infettiva e di emolisi.
Conclusioni: dall’analisi delle complicanze, riscontrate in letteratura, si deduce che tali condizioni richiedono formazione specifica degli infermieri di area critica anche attraverso simulazioni e check list vista l’assenza di linee guida o protocolli comuni a livello internazionale per la gestione del paziente portatore di Impella. Nello studio si suggerisce una check list redatta sulle evidenze riscontrate in letteratura.
Ground states for fractional Choquard equations with doubly critical exponents and magnetic fields
Authors: Guo Zhenyu , Zhao Lujuan
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate the ground states for the fractional Choquard equations with doubly critical exponents and magnetic fields. We prove that the equation has a ground state solution by using the Nehari method and the Pokhozhaev identity.
On quadratic subfields of generalized quaternion extensions
Authors: Kiselev Denis Dmitrievich
Published: April 2024

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the embedding
of a quadratic extension of a number field $k$ into an extension
with group of generalized quaternions; in this case, the case
of both a cyclic kernel and a generalized quaternion is considered.
As a consequence, it is proved that the class of ultrasolvable
$2$-extensions with cyclic kernel does not coincide with the class
of non-semidirect extensions. Sufficient conditions are also given
for the embedding of quadratic extensions $k(\sqrt{d_1})/k$,
$k(\sqrt{d_2})/k$, $k(\sqrt{d_1d_2})/k$ of a number field $k$
into a generalized quaternion extension $L/k$. Related examples are given.
A class of evolution differential inclusion systems
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Zhenhai , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S
Published: April 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to study an abstract system which consists of a non-linear differential inclusion with $C_0$-semigroups and history-dependent operators combined with an evolutionary non-linear inclusion involving
pseudomonotone operators, which contains several interesting problems as special cases. We first introduce a hybrid iterative system by using the Rothe method, pseudomonotone operators theory,
and a feedback iterative technique. Then, the existence and a priori estimates for solutions to a series of approximating discrete problems are established. Furthermore, through a limiting procedure for solutions of the hybrid iterative system, we show that the existence of solutions to the original problem.
A polynomial analogue of Jacobsthal function
Authors: Kalmynin Aleksandr Borisovich , Konyagin Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: April 2024

For a polynomial $f(x)\in \mathbb Z[x]$ we study an analogue of Jacobsthal function defined by
$j_f(N) =\max_{m}\{for some x \in \mathbb N$ the inequality
$(x+f(i),N) >1 $ holds for all $i \leqslant m\}$.
We prove the lower bound
$$
j_f(P(y))\gg y(\ln y)^{\ell_f-1}(\frac{(\ln\ln y)^2}{\ln\ln\ln y})^{h_f}(\frac{\ln y\ln\ln\ln y}{(\ln\ln y)^2})^{M(f)},
$$
where $P(y)$ is the product of all primes $p$ below $y$, $\ell_f$ is the number of distinct linear factors of $f(x)$, $h_f$ is the number of distinct non-linear irreducible factors and $M(f)$ is the average size of the maximal preimage of a point under a map $f\colon \mathbb F_p\to \mathbb F_p$. The quantity $M(f)$ is computed in terms of certain Galois groups.
On the standard conjecture for a fourfold with
$1$-parameter fibration by Abelian varieties
Authors: Tankeev Sergey Gennadievich
Published: April 2024

It is proved that the Grothendieck standard conjecture $B(X)$
of Lefschetz type holds for a smooth complex projective
4-dimensional variety $X$ provided that there exists a morphism
of $X$ onto a smooth projective curve whose generic scheme fibre
is an Abelian variety with bad semi-stable reduction
at some place of the curve.
The Potential of Bacillus altitudinis B538 and Alcaligenes faecalis B947 in PET and PCL Plastic Degradation
Authors: Dini Muthia Rahmah , Nurcholis Mochamad , Ulfah Maria , Sabbathini Gabriela Christy , Wulandari Sri Rezeki , Helianti Is
Published: April 2024

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic is the most widely used type of plastic that produces waste and causes various environmental and health problems. The treatment of PET plastic waste with chemically and mechanically recycling approaches still has shortcomings, so biological processing using microorganisms or enzymes has new potential. Two bacterial isolates from the Indonesian Culture Collection of National Research and Innovation Agency (InaCC, BRIN), namely isolate InaCC B538 and InaCC B947, were further observed for their potential in PET plastic degradation. Firstly, both isolates were determined by the molecular marker 16S rDNA. The potential of both isolates was measured with following method: 10 days of degradation using PET and PCL substrates, esterase enzyme activity assay, and observation of the PET plastic surface using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Species identification was performed using DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA. InaCC B538 and InaCC B947 were closely related to Bacillus altitudinis TBMAX41 and Alcaligenes faecalis AN-13, respectively. InaCC B947 isolate has a better potential in degrading PET plastic and PCL with a degradation percentage of 0.32% for PET plastic and 3.22% for  PCL film for 10 days, respectively, and esterase activity of 0.06 U/ml; while InaCC B538 did not cause weight loss of PET and 2.49% for PCL, respectively, with esterase activity of 0.04 U/ml. The degradation of PET plastic by the isolates InaCC B947 was able to cause damage to the plastic surface leading to the degradation of PET plastic.
Antimicrobial Activities and Painting Application of Pigmented-Producing Actinobacteria Isolated from Rhizospheric Soils of Mosses (Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth. and Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng.)
Authors: Urtgam Sittichai , Thananoppakun Kanjana , Puengtang Chaowalit , Sumpradit Tawatchai , Thuankul Bantita , Thurnkul Naruemol
Published: April 2024

In the survey of biodiversity of actinobacteria associated with mosses (Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr.) Broth. and Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng.), certain strains of pigment producing actinobacteria were isolated and purified on SCA and incubated at 30°C for 1 week. Based on deep-shade color of actinobacterial pigments, 4 strains were collected and used for painting color preparation. To evaluate the antimicrobial activities, the crude extracts were prepared from 4 actinobacterial strains and tested with Escherichia coli PSRU-01 and Staphylococcus aureus PSRU-01. The results indicated that the crude extracts of C7, C13, C15 and D13 could not inhibit growth of E. coli PSRU-01, but S. aureus PSRU-01 was inhibited. Two fungal testers, including Colletotrichum sp. PSRU-01 and Fusarium sp. PSRU-01, were completely inhibited by the crude pigment extracts of C13, C15 and D13. Based on phylogenetic results, the actinobacterial strains were closely related to Streptomyces californicus (C7, 100% identity), Streptomyces bungoensis (C13, 99.8% similarity), Streptomyces humi (C15, 99.9% similarity), and Streptomyces rectiverticillatus (D13, 99.8% similarity). They also shared phenotypic characteristics with Streptomyces. The cultivated cells of actinobacteria on broken-milled rice were used for pigment extraction and followed by determination of the extracted pigments for mixing with acrylic color in the shade violet, green, orange and pink colors. Application of actinobacterial pigments in painting is the first report and it is an innovative utilization of actinobacterial pigments in non-scientific field in Thailand.
Exploring Indonesian Sponge-Associated Marine Aspergillus hortai: Characterization of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anti-Escherichia coli Properties
Authors: Fadillah Wendi Nurul , Sukarno Nampiah , Iswantini Dyah , Rahminiwati Min , Franco Christopher MM , Zhang Wei , Hanif Novriyandi , Waite Mashuri
Published: April 2024

Sponge-associated marine fungi are potential source for secondary metabolite compounds. The aim of this research was to investigate sponge-associated marine fungus as secondary metabolite producers against Escherichia coli. The fungus was isolated from Indonesian marine sponge Stylissa sp. and identified as Aspergillus hortai through a combination of morphological and molecular characteristics of ITS DNA and β-tubulin genes. The fungus was tested against E. coli using fungal broth and mycelial extracts. The optimized condition was achieved by fungal broth grown in corn meal broth at 6-days of shaking incubation. Fungal extract was produced using three liters of filtered fungal broth and extracted in ethyl acetate. The antibiotic activity of the extract is vulnerable to 45°C heat and basic or acidic conditions. Therefore, the extraction was done at pH 7 with evaporation at 40°C. The extract shows 7 major bands on TLC with 1 band shows activity against E. coli (Rf 0.81) on bioautogram. The band was observed as a yellow color and turned black in short-wave UV and did not show any fluorescence in long-wave UV. This research shows that sponge-associated marine fungi obtained from Indonesia has the potential as anti E. coli worth to be explored for searching new antibiotics.
Potential of Clitoria ternatea L. Extract Towards Insulin Receptor Expression and Marker of Inflammation in Diabetes Mellitus Rats Model
Authors: Rusmana Djaja , Tiono Hartini , Widowati Wahyu , Lucianus Johan , Darsono Lusiana , Onggowidjaja Philips , Tjokropranoto Rita , Vera Vera , Setiabudi Edwin , Obeng Selonan , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Novianto Agung
Published: April 2024

Metabolic abnormalities caused by the accumulation of human, environmental, genetic and lifestyle variables can be found in diabetes mellitus (DM). An increase in blood glucose carried on by a reduction in insulin production can also result in DM. Insulin resistance often occurs as a result of obesity and a lack of physical activity and aging. Telang flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) is reported to have several qualities such as being able to treat DM, chronic bronchitis, goiter, mucosal disorders and leprosy. This study’s objective was to elucidate anti-dibetic effect of C. ternatea extract (CTE) in rats with diabetic complications related to dyslipidemia. Rats suffering from diabetes will be examined after being given oral doses of Simvastatin 0.9 mg/kg BW, Glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg BW, and 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW CTE, model induced by streptozotocin. The expression of the insulin gene (INS-1) was investigated by qRTPCR, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pancreatic DM rats model using the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. Both descriptive and quantitative data were acquired for the data. After utilizing ANOVA to evaluate quantitative data, the Tukey post hoc test was used to analyze the data, the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was found to decrease while INS-1 expression increased in response to CTE. This effect was attributed to the modulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and INS-1 expression. These findings suggest that CTE possesses antidiabetic properties.
Negative experiences and coping strategies to stressful situations by undergraduate University students during Covid- 19 lockdown period in Uganda
Authors: Ruth Ketty Kisuza , Saviour Kicaber , Ronald Olum , Dianah Rhoda Nassozi , Abel Wembabazi , Jennifer Namagembe , Enid Akot , Derrick Bary Abila , Felix Bongomin , Christopher Garimoi Orach
Published: April 2024

Aim: To describe the negative experiences, coping strategies for stressful situations, and factors associated with COVID-19 worry among undergraduate students at Makerere University during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study at Makerere University. Negative experiences and coping strategies were measured using a semi-structured questionnaire formulated based on literature and findings from previous studies on mental health and COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and measures of association were done using Stata 13.Results: A total of 301 participants were enrolled. Their median age were 23 years. The majority were male (192, 64.0 %), single (269, 89.7 %,) and on normal academic progress (241, 80.3 %). 48.0 % of the participants were worried about COVID-19. Disruption of students' academics (277, 92.0 %) and financial problems (184, 61.1 %) were the most reported negative experiences. Coping strategies included listening to music (203, 67.4 %), talking to family and friends (191, 63.5 %,) and watching movies (174, 57.8 %). Female students than males (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0— 45.0, p= 0.118) and students without paid employment than those with paid work (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0 —5.0, p=0.109) were more worried about COVID-19.Conclusion: Nearly half of the students were worried about COVID-19, which disrupted their social and academic lives. Thestudents utilized a myriad of coping strategies.
Post-quarantine anxiety and depression levels of COVID-19 positive patients, Northern Cyprus
Authors: Ufuk Kaya , Meryem Güvenir , Asli Aykac
Published: April 2024

Background: The COVID-19 Pandemic, which started to be seen in Northern Cyprus (NC) as of March 2020, has affected the psychological mood of many people in our country as well as all over the world.Objectives: It was aimed to evaluate the post-illness anxiety and depression levels of people who were diagnosed with COVID-19 positive, completed the quarantine period and then received a negative PCR report.Methods: Through the questionnaire used in the study carried out between 1-30 April 2021, the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their personal experiences about COVID-19 were questioned and they were asked to answer the questions about the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale.Results: The average score of the participants (n=120) in the HAD scale was determined as 11.66±5.90. According to the average scores of the scale, the anxiety and depression levels of the patients fall into the category of ‘11 and above abnormal'. The patients' general average scores of anxieties were 6.20±3.48 (normal) and depression was 5.46±3.55 (normal).Conclusion: Although it was determined that the HAD scores of the individuals from NC infected with COVID-19 were not high, most of them needed psychological support as they stated in their own statements.
Application of joint modelling on the determinants of TB Status and CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendants in Gondar teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia
Authors: Kindu Kebede Gebre , Nuru Mohammed Hussen
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground: East African regions were highly affected by tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus. The main objective was to identifying the associated factors with tuberculosis and CD4 cell count of patients in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on AIDS patients from 1st January 2018 - to 30th January 2020. This study used joint mixed model, and individual profile plot to identify factors and the changeability inside and between patients respectively.Results: The mean with a standard deviation of weight and a serum hemoglobin concentration of patients were 55.48 (10.21) kilograms and 18.25 (33.028) grams per decilitre respectively.This study shows an opportunistic infection, weight, and serum hemoglobin concentration were significantly associated with the log CD4 cell count and tuberculosis status of patients.Conclusion: The patient who has other diseases is 5.04 more likely to be co-infected with HIV and TB diseases. And also, the estimated odds of being co-infected in both diseases were increased by 1.14 and 1.05 times when a unit change in weight and hemoglobin respectively. Moreover, the estimated odd of patients who have no other related disease were 51.13% less likely to be co-infected with both diseases.
Hand hygiene among oral health care providers in public institutions in Edo state even in the wake of Lassa fever
Authors: Omokhua Harrison , Enabulele Joan
Published: April 2024

Background: Hand hygiene is recognized as the leading measure to prevent the cross-transmission of microorganisms and to reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infections.Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of hygiene among dental health workers even in the wake of Lassa fever.Method: This questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in four public hospitals in Edo state. All data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire after obtaining ethical clearance.Results: 108 of the 120 questionnaires distributed were filled and returned giving a response rate of 90.0%. Overall assessment of respondents’ knowledge of hand hygiene revealed that 41.7% of the respondents possessed a good knowledge of hand hygiene, 37.0% had excellent knowledge, 17.6% had moderate and 3.7% had a weak knowledge of hand hygiene. Overall assessment of the practice of hand hygiene showed that the hand hygiene practice of 58.3% of respondents was fair while 37.0% practiced hand hygiene poorly. Only a few (5.6%) respondents had good hand hygiene practices.Conclusion: The outbreak of Lassa fever does not seem to positively influence the practice of hand hygiene among the respondents.While knowledge of hand hygiene is satisfactory in this study, the practice still leaves much to be desired.
Socio-demographic and food insecurity associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV adults in Ahmadu Bello University teaching hospital Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
Authors: Rosemary Ada Eze , Norhasmah Sulaiman , Zulfitri 'Azuan Mat Daud , Aliyu Babadoko
Published: April 2024

Background: Socio-demographic characteristics may have an impact on HIV-positive people's prognosis and survival. In addition, food insecurity could make it harder for HIV patients to stick to their treatment plans as effectively as possible.Objective: This research aimed to determine the association between socio-demographic and food insecurity with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV on ART in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Method: Using a cross-sectional design, a systematic random sampling method was used to select respondents aged 18–64 years on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, outpatients of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief clinic. Socio-demographic, food insecurity status and adherence to ART was obtained using self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: Among the 385 people who took part in the study, about 67.5% of females and 32.5% of males took part in the survey, respectively. About 54% of adults adhered to ART. The majority of the respondents (87.0%) had a low level of food security. Food insecurity (OR = 1.2, p = <0.05), government employment (OR = 2.842, p = <0.01), self-employment (OR = 2.6, p = <0.001), and being divorced or widowed (OR = 2.0, p = <0.01) were all significantly associated with ART adherence.Conclusion: Food insecurity, employment, and marital status influenced adherence to ART. As a result, health care providers and HIV control programme implementers must continually emphasis and encourage strict adherence.
An investigation of the relationship between female university students’ breast cancer risk factors and their health beliefs about breast self-examination
Authors: Zehra Gölbaşı , Birnur Yeşildağ , Nermin Altunbaş
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between female university students’ breast cancer risk factors and their health beliefs about breast self-examination (BSE).Methods: The sample of this descriptive and correlational study was 389 female students who were determined by stratified sampling method. Data were collected through the Socio-demographic Characteristics and Breast Cancer Risk Factors Determination Form and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Data obtained from the study were analysed using SPSS for Windows 16.0 program. Data analysis was performed using percentage distributions, z test, and Spearman correlation analysis. Statistical significance was accepted p<0.05.Results: While a positive correlation was detected between students’ perceived breast cancer risk for themselves and perceivedsusceptibility, severity, benefit, self-efficacy related to BSE and health motivation mean scores, a negative and significant correlationwas detected with perceived barriers to BSE mean score (p<0.05).Conclusion: Results showed that although female university students had some risk factors in terms of breast cancer, they have low levels of perceived risk factors for themselves.
Co expression of EGFR and CD10 in patients with phyllodes tumors of the breast: a single centre experience in North Western Algeria
Authors: Amina Belhadj , Samia Bekkal Brikci , Chahinez Akhrouf , Adel Belhadj , Miloud Medjamia , Tewfik Sahraoui
Published: April 2024

Background: Breast phyllodes tumors (BPT) have variable malignant potential, their histological classification remains insufficient for an accurate diagnosis.Objectives: We attempted to investigate CD10 (Cluster of differentiation 10) and EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) expression in BPT in order to highlight their diagnostic and prognostic values.Methods: Eight patients with BPT are recruited from January 2014 to December 2020 and immunohistochemical assessment of CD10 and EGFR is realized.Results: Median age was 27±15.2, the mean tumor size was 9.63±10.21. Only malignant tumours showed expression for EGFR. Borderline and malignant tumors were CD10 positive. Patients overexpressing CD10 were postmenopausal with great tumor size, 25% of these were sarcomatous. Coexistence of CD10 and EGFR overexpression was found in 25% of cases and was associated with age (P=0.008), tumor size (P=0.030) and hitologic types (P=0.014). PC1 and PC2, were extracted, they accounted cumulatively for 94.7% of the variance of the data analysed, it suggests that patient’s age and histological type of tumor have significant association with CD10 and EGFR expression in BPT.Conclusions: EGFR and CD10 overexpressed combined proteins in phyllode tumors constitute, with histopathological parameters, an important prognostic factor as well as a promising potential targets.
Assessment of malnutrition in patients undergoing chemotherapy at the National Oncology Centre of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
Authors: Makafui C I Akpah , Olivera Kegey , Kofi Adesi Kyei , Eunice Nortey , Matilda Asante
Published: April 2024

Background: Globally, cancer is on the rise despite several interventions. The link between nutrition and cancer has long beenestablished with the consequences of poor nutrition on cancer pathway being dire. Early nutrition intervention is recommended for all cancer patients.Objective: To assess malnutrition among patients undergoing chemotherapy at the National Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre of the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 patients with different types and stages of cancer who were undergoingchemotherapy. Data was collected from December 2018 to January 2019. The PG-SGA tool was used to assess weight loss at one and six months, food intake and nutrition impact symptoms. A correlation test was used to test the association between PGSGA score and Nutritional triaging. A T-test was used to determine the association between chemotherapy cycles and nutrition. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: The results revealed that 5.7% (n= 7) of the patients were well nourished, 31.7% (n= 39) were suspected of being malnourished and 62.6% (n=77) were severely malnourished. About half of the participants (48%) had experienced weight loss ranging between 1-20kg with weight loss ≤5kg being most prevalent at both one month and six months prior to the study. More than half (56.9%, n=70) of the participants were consuming less than their usual intake. Majority of the participants had 4-6 nutritional symptoms (39.0%) with symptoms being mostly mild (39.1%). Poor nutritional status was positively correlated with nutritional symptoms (r=0.747, p<0.001).Conclusion: The PGSGA tool identified that more than half of the patients were severely malnourished hence the need for early nutrition intervention in cancer patients.
Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Lautech teaching hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Opeyemi A Adeniyi , Olanrewaju D Eniade , Abayomi T Olarinmoye , Bukola A Abiodun , Omowumi O Okedare , Adenike A Eniade , James E Atolagbe
Published: April 2024

Background: We assessed the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients attendingLadoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria.Methods and materials: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among 143 type-2 DM patients in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 and or diastolic BP ≥90. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and binary logistic regression.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 56.2 ±15.79 years. Hypertension was common (32.1%) among type-2 DM participants.Respondents aged 45-64 years (OR= 5.96, 95%CI= 1.60 – 19.12) had the likelihood of being hypertensive. Type-2 DM patients who were not in union (AOR=6.64, 95%CI=1.79 – 24.52) were more likely to be hypertensive. The likelihood of hypertension was lower (AOR= 0.28, 95%CI=0.11 – 0.66) among participants who engaged in moderate physical activity compared to those who engaged in low physical activity.Conclusion: This study identified the age group 45-64 years, not being in a union and engagement in low physical activity as associated factors for hypertension among Diabetes Mellitus participants. Hypertension prevention/treatment should be considered in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus routine treatment.
Prevalence and determinants of poor glycaemic control in individuals aged between 18-60 years, at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa- a cross sectional study
Authors: Lindelwa Zimu , Ozayr Mahomed
Published: April 2024

Background: Achieving optimal blood glucose control is imperative for preventing diabetes related complications and negative socio-economic consequences associated with them.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of poor glycaemic control amongst type II diabetic outpatients presenting at a regional semi-rural hospital in eThekwini district, Kwa-Zulu Natal.Methods: An observational, analytic cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 384 systematically sampled type 2 diabetes patients. Data were collected by an interviewer administered questionnaire, clinical record review and anthropometric measurements. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performedResults: Ninety one percent of the study population (349/384) had poorly controlled diabetes. Amongst uncontrolled diabetics, 80% (n=281) were older than 35 years’ age group; 58% (n= 203) were male; 85% (n=295) completed primary school education and 93% (n=324) were overweight. Patients that were 35 years and older, female, employed, had a high body mass index, were on oral hypoglycaemic and/or insulin in combination, and receiving treatment longer than 3 years, had an increased odd of uncontrolled diabetes. Being female and receiving oral hypoglycaemic and/or insulin were significantly associated with poor blood glucose control.Conclusion: Patient that were female overweight, having a lower level of education, and greater than three-year duration of medication and on oral hypoglycaemic agent and/or insulin were more likely to have poor blood glucose control. These factors should serve as early identifiers of potential poor control and an alert clinician to adopt a more active approach to optimize treatment.
A cross-sectional study design of risk factors related to antenatal care service use among pregnant women in Sinana district, Bale zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Meskerem Abebe , Alemayehu Legesse , Getu Dida , Habtamu Tedila
Published: April 2024

Background: Maternal health refers to the well-being of women through pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Antenatal care refers to the care that is given to a pregnant woman from the time that conception is confirmed until the beginning of labour. Ethiopia was known in concert of the world’s nation with primary maternal mortality proportions. The major goal of this study was to survey risk factors related with antenatal care service use among pregnant ladies at regenerative age.Methods: Data were obtained from primary sources. To dissect the information, descriptive and Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression of random coefficient model was utilized. The convergence of parameters was assessed by Monte carol Markova Chain utilizing Stata 16 and MLwiN 2.31 programming.Results: The descriptive result showed that out of the whole 636 pregnant women considered around 60.5%were obtained antenatal care benefits. The odds ratio of pregnant women living in the rural areas being receiving antenatal care services was 0.206(OR = 0.206, P ≤ 0.05). This indicates that the use of prenatal care by rural mothers has decreased by 79.4% compared to urban mothers. Similarly, the Odds ratio for Pregnant women with medium and rich wealth index are 1.571(OR = 1.571, P ≤ 0.05) and 1.90(OR = 1.90, P ≤ 0.05) respectively. This means that pregnant women who are with medium and rich wealth index level had 57.1% and 90% increased odds compared to those pregnant women with poor wealth index consecutively. Varieties between the kebeles in terms of antenatal care benefit utilize were lessening by 0.9 % in random coefficient model.Conclusion: Generally, the study showed that there was high variation among pregnant women not to utilize antenatal care benefits and the likelihoods of prenatal use were found to increase with the husband occupation, wealth index, age category 25-34, and husband education level.