bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Challenges in Small-Molecule Drug Bioavailability: A Review of Key Factors and Approaches
Authors: Wu Ke , Kwon Soon Hwan , Zhou Xuhan , Fuller Claire , Wang Xianyi , Vadgama Jaydutt , Wu Yong
Published: December 2024

The bioavailability of small-molecule drugs remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical development, significantly impacting therapeutic efficacy and commercial viability. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding and overcoming bioavailability limitations, focusing on key physicochemical and biological factors influencing drug absorption and distribution. We examine cutting-edge strategies for enhancing bioavailability, including innovative formulation approaches, rational structural modifications, and the application of artificial intelligence in drug design. The integration of nanotechnology, 3D printing, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems are highlighted as promising avenues for improving drug delivery. We discuss the importance of a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to bioavailability optimization, emphasizing early-stage consideration of ADME properties and the need for patient-centric design. This review also explores emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9-mediated personalization and microbiome modulation for tailored bioavailability enhancement. Finally, we outline future research directions, including advanced predictive modeling, overcoming biological barriers, and addressing the challenges of emerging therapeutic modalities. By elucidating the complex interplay of factors affecting bioavailability, this review aims to guide future efforts in developing more effective and accessible small-molecule therapeutics.
A 0.2 T–0.4 T Static Magnetic Field Improves the Bone Quality of Mice Subjected to Hindlimb Unloading and Reloading Through the Dual Regulation of BMSCs via Iron Metabolism
Authors: Wang Jianping , Zhen Chenxiao , Zhang Gejing , Yang Zhouqi , Shang Peng
Published: December 2024

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease, especially when aggravated by aging and long-term bed rest of various causes and also when coupled with astronauts’ longer missions in space. Research on the use of static magnetic fields (SMFs) has been progressing as a noninvasive method for osteoporosis due to the complexity of the disease, the inconsistency of the effects of SMFs, and the ambiguity of the mechanism. This paper studied the effects of mice subjected to hindlimb unloading (UL, HLU) and reloading by the 0.2 T–0.4 T static magnetic field (MMF). Primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were extracted to explore the mechanism. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used as an osteoporosis model by HLU for four weeks. The HLU recovery period (reloading, RL) was carried out on all FVEs and recovered in the geomagnetic field (45–64 μT, GMF) and MMF, respectively, for 12 h/d for another 4 weeks. The tibia and femur of mice were taken; also, the primary BMSCs were extracted. MMF promoted the recovery of mechanical properties after HLU, increased the number of osteoblasts, and decreased the number of adipocytes in the bone marrow. MMF decreased the total iron content and promoted the total calcium content in the tibia. In vitro experiments showed that MMF promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibited adipogenic differentiation, which is related to iron metabolism, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the PPARγ pathway. MMF accelerated the improvement in bone metabolism and iron metabolism in RL mice to a certain extent, which improved the bone quality of mice. MMF mainly promoted osteogenic differentiation and reduced the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which provides a reliable research direction and transformation basis for the osteoporosis of elderly, bedridden patients and astronauts.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Shou Minyu , Lin Qinzhe , Peng Lulu , Wang Zijie , Xu Ying , Qi Jiaochen , Zhao Degang , Shi Min , Kai Guoyin
Published: December 2024

In the process of catalyzing carotenoids into various apocarotenoids and other derivatives, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) play key roles. However, little information on CCDs has been reported in regard to Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this study, a total of 21 CCD genes were identified in the whole genome of S. miltiorrhiza, mainly distributed between five chromosomes. Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that 21 SmCCD genes were classified into four subfamilies, including SmCCD4, 7, 8, and NCED; the members of the same subfamily show similar gene structures and tertiary structures. The interspecific collinearity with other plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa was analyzed. Cis-elements analysis demonstrated that the majority were stress response-, light response-, growth-, and development-related. The expression pattern of the SmCCD genes was expressed in the analyzed tissues. Furthermore, the majority of the SmCCD4 subfamily members varied in their expression levels under the treatment of MeJA, YE, and ABA, indicating the potential function of SmCCD4 in the metabolism process of S. miltiorrhiza. In general, this study provides a systematic analysis of SmCCD genes and lays the foundation for uncovering the regulation and function of SmCCD genes in S. miltiorrhiza.
Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Its Repair Mechanisms in Aging Oocytes
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo
Published: December 2024

The efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in older women remains constrained, largely due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on age-associated mitochondrial alterations and their implications for ovarian aging, with an emphasis on the causes of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, their repair mechanisms, and future therapeutic directions. Relevant articles published up to 30 September 2024 were identified through a systematic search of electronic databases. The free radical theory proposes that reactive oxygen species (ROS) inflict damage on mtDNA and impair mitochondrial function essential for ATP generation in oocytes. Oocytes face prolonged pressure to repair mtDNA mutations, persisting for up to five decades. MtDNA exhibits limited capacity for double-strand break repair, heavily depending on poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)-mediated repair of single-strand breaks. This process depletes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and ATP, creating a detrimental cycle where continued mtDNA repair further compromises oocyte functionality. Interventions that interrupt this destructive cycle may offer preventive benefits. In conclusion, the cumulative burden of mtDNA mutations and repair demands can lead to ATP depletion and elevate the risk of aneuploidy, ultimately contributing to ART failure in older women.
Implementation of the Asset Management, Operational Reliability and Maintenance Survey in Recycled Beverage Container Manufacturing Lines
Authors: Parra Carlos , Morán Carlos , Pizarro Félix , Duque Pablo , Aránguiz Andrés , González-Prida Vicente , Parra Jorge
Published: December 2024

The effectiveness of a comprehensive maintenance and reliability management process can be assessed through an in-depth analysis of various factors that collectively represent the maintenance contribution to the operational and production processes of an industrial asset. There are no simple formulas for designing an integrated maintenance and reliability model within an asset management framework (in accordance with the ISO 55001 standard), nor are there fixed or universal rules that apply equally to all production assets over time. In light of this, the primary goal of this article is to provide an overview of the implementation project of the AMORMS (Asset Management, Operational Reliability and Maintenance Survey), based on the maintenance management model (MMM) developed by INGEMAN, at the SINEA PERU plant, a leading company in Latin America specializing in the industrial production of recycled plastic containers for commercial beverages (PET preforms—Polyethylene Terephthalate). Lastly, the article outlines the recommendations and high-impact action plans that will support SINEA PERU in strengthening the efficiency of its maintenance and reliability management processes while effectively optimizing the value of its industrial assets throughout its life cycle.
A Global Perspective on Transition Models for Pediatric to Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care: What Has Been Made So Far?
Authors: Poamaneagra Silvia Cristina , Plesca Doina-Anca , Tataranu Elena , Marginean Otilia , Nemtoi Alexandru , Mihai Catalina , Gilca-Blanariu Georgiana-Emmanuela , Andronic Cristiana-Mihaela , Anchidin-Norocel Liliana , Diaconescu Smaranda
Published: December 2024

Interest in the transition of care for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has grown significantly over time, driven by advancements in treatment that have extended life expectancy. As more CF patients survive into adulthood, the need for structured transition strategies has become a priority for healthcare systems worldwide. Transition programs for CF differ globally, reflecting varying resources and healthcare systems. In North America, the US CF Foundation has fostered adult care since the 1990s, with accreditation standards mandating adult programs and structured transition guidelines, exemplified by the CF RISE program for gradual responsibility shifts. Canada integrates US-inspired models, emphasizing national advocacy and outcomes evaluation. In Europe, approaches varies widely; the UK leads with structured programs like the Liverpool model and robust registry support, while France and Germany adopt multidisciplinary methods. In Australia and New Zealand, youth-centered policies prioritize early planning and access via telemedicine. In Asia, where CF is rare, transitions are less formalized, with some progress in countries like Japan and Turkey, though resource gaps and limited data tracking remain significant challenges. Despite varied approaches across countries, common barriers like resource limitations and psychological readiness continue to challenge successful transitions. Highlighting the importance of centralized, well-coordinated transition programs, recent initiatives have focused on the implementation of national and international CF registries to enhance health outcomes and quality of life. This narrative review provides a global perspective on transition strategies developed across various healthcare systems for CF patients, identifying best practices, common challenges, and outcomes related to the continuity of care.
Changes in the Oral Microbiota with the Use of Aligners vs. Braces: A Systematic Review
Authors: España-Pamplona Pilar , Bernés-Martínez Laura , Andrés-Castelló Carolina , Bolás-Colveé Belén , Adobes-Martín Milagros , Garcovich Daniele
Published: December 2024

Background: Orthodontic treatments have evolved significantly, with clear aligners becoming increasingly popular due to their aesthetic appeal and ease of use. This study systematically reviewed the impact of clear aligners in the changes in the oral microbiota compared to traditional fixed appliances. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using two databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and the PubMed search engine. The studies included were those published between 2010 and 2023, involving adults over 18 years using clear aligners and fixed appliances. The data on oral microbiota changes were extracted and analyzed. Results: The review included eight studies, highlighting the differences in microbial changes associated with clear aligners versus fixed appliances. Clear aligners were associated with fewer detrimental changes in the oral microbiota, potentially due to their removable nature allowing for better hygiene. Fixed appliances showed a tendency to harbor more pathogenic bacteria, which is likely due to their difficulty to clean. Conclusions: Clear aligners may offer a better alternative to fixed appliances in terms of maintaining a healthier oral microbiota. Their design and ease of hygiene contribute to less accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, showing a more positive impact on maintaining a balanced oral microbiota when compared to fixed appliances.
Does the Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Impact the Survival of Men and Women Equally Compared to General Population? Results from KROK Registry and Polish Central Statistical Office
Authors: Hirnle Grzegorz , Stankiewicz Adrian , Mitrosz Maciej , Aboul-Hassan Sleiman Sebastian , Kocańda Szymon , Deja Marek , Rogowski Jan , Cichoń Romuald , Pawliszak Wojciech , Bugajski Paweł , Tobota Zdzisław , Maruszewski Bohdan , Knapik Piotr , Krejca Michał , Cisowski Marek , Hrapkowicz Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of coronary bypass surgery (CABG) on long-term mortality, comparing survival rates to those of the general population in Poland. Methods: The study was based on the Polish National Register of Cardiothoracic Surgical Procedures (KROK). Between January 2009 and December 2019, 133,973 patients underwent CABG. The study included all patients who underwent primary CABG. After excluding reoperations and patients with missing key data, there were 132,760 remaining patients who participated in the study. In order to compare patients who underwent CABG with the general population, data from Polish life expectancy tables from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) were used. Results: In the general population (GP), there is a consistent decrease in survival for both women and men throughout the entire observation period. The decline in survivability is more pronounced in the male group. Unlike the CABG group, which is at risk of perioperative mortality, there is no initial drop in survivability in the GP. The early mortality rate in CABG group within 30 days was significantly higher in the group of women than in men (3.51% compared to 2.19%, p < 0.001). The annual mortality rate was higher in the group of women (6.7% vs. 5.14%), and survival time was shorter (345.5 ± 0.4 vs. 351.2 ± 0.2 days, p < 0.001). However, the total mortality over a 13-year period of observation did not differ significantly between the groups (30.17% for women vs. 29.6% for men, p = 0.996) with survival time 10.08 ± 0.02 years in men vs. 10.06 ± 0.03 in women, p = 0.996. Conclusions: CABG surgery equalizes the probability of survival between genders. In long-term observation men have a greater survival benefit than women if compared to the predicted survival of the general population. These observations may provide a new perspective on the choice of revascularization strategy in relation to gender.
Standard Versus Reduced CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: An Observational Multicenter Study
Authors: Fedele Palma , Landriscina Matteo , Moraca Lucia , Gadaleta-Caldarola Arianna , Cusmai Antonio , Giuliani Francesco , Chiuri Vincenzo , Giotta Francesco , Pinto Antonello , Mirisola Valentina , Gadaleta-Caldarola Gennaro
Published: December 2024

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are the standard of care for hormone receptor (HR)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy. However, the real-world efficacy and safety of standard versus reduced doses in elderly patients remain unclear. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of standard versus reduced doses of CDK4/6 inhibitors in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 158 patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with HR+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who received either standard or reduced doses of CDK4/6 inhibitors (Ademaciclib, Ribociclib, Palbociclib) as first-line therapy. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. PFS and OS were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and comparisons between groups were performed using a log-rank test. Results: Of the total population, 108 patients (68.4%) received the standard dose, and 50 patients (31.6%) received a reduced dose. The standard-dose group had significantly longer median PFS compared to the reduced-dose group (21.3 vs. 15.2 months, p = 0.014), while the median OS did not differ significantly (37.2 vs. 37.2 months, p = 0.103). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in PFS or OS between standard and reduced doses for Ademaciclib and Ribociclib, while Palbociclib at standard dose showed superior PFS (21.9 vs. 12.7 months, p = 0.029) and OS (50.5 vs. 28.6 months, p = 0.026). The incidence of Grade 2–4 AEs was higher in the standard-dose group (74.2% vs. 56.8%, p = 0.044). Conclusions: Dose reduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly Ademaciclib and Ribociclib, is a viable option in elderly patients, maintaining comparable OS outcomes to standard dosing while reducing the risk of adverse events. Palbociclib at standard dose may offer superior outcomes. These findings support personalized dosing strategies to optimize efficacy and tolerability in frail or elderly patients.
Fabrication of PVTF Films with High Piezoelectric Properties Through Directional Heat Treatment
Authors: Xin Xin , Yee Aotian , Zhou Zhiyuan , He Xuzhao , Weng Wenjian , Wu Chengwei , Cheng Kui
Published: December 2024

Piezoelectric materials can realize the mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electric energy, so they have excellent application prospects in the fields of sensors, energy collectors and biological materials. The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based polymers have the best piezoelectric properties in the piezoelectric polymer, but they still have a large room for improvement compared with the piezoelectric ceramics. Improving their content of the polar β phase has become a consensus to polish up the piezoelectric performance. Most available studies construct hydrogen bonds or coulomb interactions between the surface of the dopant and molecular chains by doping, which promotes the molecular chains arrangement and thus facilitates the formation of the polar β phase. Recent studies show that the ordered arrangement of molecular chains is also important for piezoelectric properties. At present, the main way to improve the piezoelectric performance of PVDF is through doping or complex heat treatment process. Here, the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) film was treated by directional heat treatment which used a heating table. Compared with uniform heat treatment like muffle furnace heat treatment, this simple vertical temperature gradient has many advantages for the content of the β phase and the crystallinity of P(VDF-TrFE). The results of the experiment showed that the content of the β phase of films remained at about 88%. When the film thickness was limited to 100 μm and the heat treatment temperature was limited to 200 °C, its crystallinity could reach 75% and the highest piezoelectric coefficient could reach 33.5 ± 0.7 pC/N. P(VDF-TrFE) films based on the experimental methods described above that show great potential for future applications in electronic devices and biomedical applications.
Range of Flexion Improvement in Degenerative Stages of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (Hallux rigidus) with Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Capell Morera Annabel , de Planell Mas Elena , Perez Palma Laura , Manzanares-Céspedes Maria Cristina
Published: December 2024

Background: Viscosupplementation consists of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections applied to treat pain and improve joint mobility. The objective of the study was to analyze the improvement of the range of mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with a single dose of cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Methods: Ten fresh frozen specimens of feet sectioned below the knee were selected. Before and after the infiltration procedure, the range of flexion was calculated for all specimen’s metatarsophalangeal joints. To detect complications due to the procedure, five feet were dissected and five were sectioned with a diamond saw. Results: The range of the first metatarsophalangeal joint flexion differences between the preoperative and the postoperative period was as follows: (1) 47° (range, 37–51.5) to 58° (range, 49–69.5) degrees of loaded dorsiflexion (p > 0.006); (2) 41° (range, 40–51.5) to 58° (range, 52.5–66.5) degrees of unloaded dorsiflexion (p > 0.009); and (3) 14° (range, 10.5–24.25) to 16° (range, 14.25–28.5) degrees of unloaded plantarflexion (p > 0.083). No injuries of anatomical structures were observed either by anatomical dissection or in the anatomical sections. Conclusions: The results obtained in this viscosupplementation study demonstrate the improvement of the range of mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint without evidence of extravasation and lesions of the periarticular anatomical structures.
Gatekeeping or Provider Choice for Sustainable Health Systems? A Literature Review on Their Impact on Efficiency, Access, and Quality of Services
Authors: Ntais Christos , Kontodimopoulos Nikolaos , Talias Michael A.
Published: December 2024

As early as 1978, the World Health Organization set primary healthcare as the basis on which health systems should be built worldwide. However, the health systems of the different countries show considerable variations in terms of the implementation of gatekeeping from primary to secondary healthcare and direct access to specialists and hospital care. This literature review attempts to present the gatekeeping system with references to the UK, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Germany compared to the situation in Greece, where no gatekeeping system exists. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of gatekeeping on the healthcare system’s efficiency, equity of access, and the quality of the services provided. Evidence on the effects of gatekeeping is conflicting or limited by the low internal validity. Making the right gatekeeping implementation decisions is difficult in the absence of data. High-quality research studies on health outcomes, clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness, quality of life, healthcare quality, utilisation of healthcare services, the burden in the healthcare system, and the opinions of patients, physicians, and policymakers are all necessary for developing policy.
Elemental Distribution in Tissues of Shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) from Kongsfjorden in Svalbard
Authors: Ardini Francisco , Moggia Federico , Di Blasi Davide , Rivaro Paola , Grotti Marco , Ghigliotti Laura
Published: December 2024

The shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) is considered a suitable sentinel species for marine pollution in the Arctic due to its ecology and stationary habits. To evaluate its role as a bioindicator for potential natural and anthropic impacts on the marine ecosystem of the Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic), 33 female and male specimens of shorthorn sculpins were collected in July 2018 in proximity of the Ny-Ålesund international research facility and analyzed for the content of 25 major and trace elements and methylmercury (MeHg) in the muscle, liver, gonads, and gills by using spectroscopic techniques. Most elements had their maximum average concentrations in the gills (Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sr, and V), while the livers featured higher contents of some toxic and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Mo, and Zn). The muscle was characterized by high contents of Ca, K, and Mg, while Ba, Co, and P were mostly concentrated in the gonads. The gonads presented higher concentrations of Cr, K, Mg, Ni, P, and V for the males and Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Se for the females. Both the total Hg and MeHg concentrations in the muscle correlated with the fish size, indicating bioaccumulation, although high Se/Hg molar ratios (11.0 ± 2.2) suggested a low toxic potential of mercury.
Gradient-Tracking Generalized Vertical Coordinate for Ocean Models: Results of Idealized Experiments Using the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (v3.7)
Authors: Chen Haiyun , Lai Zhigang
Published: December 2024

A gradient-tracking generalized vertical coordinate (GT) for ocean models is proposed in the study. The movement of the grid height surfaces is based on a simple Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method ensuring that the discrete representation of the main gradient features of ocean states is uniform and small, optimal for the resolution of gradients in the vertical profile throughout the simulation. We have successfully implemented this algorithm into the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS v3.7). The numerical experiments used to evaluate the performance of the ALE ROMS include the propagation of linear internal waves, the lock-exchange flow, the gravitational currents over steep topography, and the seamount problem. The results demonstrate that generally, a better solution with significantly less spurious numerical mixing and smaller horizontal pressure gradient force error is produced by the GT coordinate compared to the sigma and s coordinate in ROMS. Further examinations of the GT coordinate are necessary regarding its performance in more realistic scenarios of simulations.
Resilience or Collapse? Reconstructing the Water Quality Time Series of a Tropical River Impacted by a Mine Tailings Dam Failure
Authors: Garcia Anelise Rodrigues Machado , Pujoni Diego Guimarães Florencio , Bezerra-Neto José Fernandes
Published: December 2024

The 2015 Fundão tailings dam collapse in Mariana, Brazil, was a major environmental catastrophe. Assessing its long-term effects on water quality is critical for environmental restoration and policy development. In this study, we reconstructed a 15-year time series of five water quality parameters to assess whether the collapse caused permanent changes. Using public data from the Minas Gerais Water Institute (IGAM), we fitted generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape to model long-term trends in turbidity, total solids, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Predictor variables included daily precipitation and smooth functions for time and longitudinal distance along the river. As expected, turbidity and total solids increased sharply after the collapse; however, the mean values returned to pre-collapse levels within four years. Conductivity, which was already elevated pre-collapse, remained high following the passage of the tailings plume. Although we observed a tendency toward pre-collapse values, the long-term conductivity mean did not fully stabilize to previous levels. No clear patterns were observed for pH or dissolved oxygen. This study highlights the acute impact of the dam collapse on five water quality parameters in the Doce River and illustrates the river’s subsequent stabilization process, although other important and chronic impacts are still persistent. Long-term studies such as this provide valuable insights into the dynamics of fluvial systems.
Development and Application of Flue Gas Desulfurized Gypsum and Blast-Furnace-Slag-Based Grouting Material for Cracked Silty Mudstone
Authors: Yu Guangtao , Fu Hongyuan , Gao Qianfeng , Zeng Ling , Chen Jingcheng , Ma Chongsen
Published: December 2024

The grouting technique is an efficient method for enhancing the stability of cracked slopes through the use of grouting materials. Conventional cement-based grouting materials are costly, energy-intensive, and environmentally damaging. Additionally, cement-hardening slurry is prone to cracks between the slurry and the rock. To address these issues, this study proposed an environmentally friendly grouting material composed of flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) and blast furnace slag (BFS) with sodium gluconate (SG) as the additive, especially designed for cracked silty mudstone slopes. The effects of different FGDG-to-BFS ratios and SG dosages on the setting time, fluidity, shrinkage, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), tensile strength, and shear strength parameters of hardened grouting slurries, as well as the interfacial bonding strength between silty mudstone and the hardened slurries, were investigated through laboratory tests. Subsequently, the improvement effects of cement-based material and the FGDG–BFS material on cracked silty mudstone were compared by mechanical tests. Finally, the performance of both types of grouting material on cracked silty mudstone slopes was analyzed by numerical simulations based on GDEM. The results demonstrated that the optimal FGDG-to-BFS ratio was 0.8:1, under which, the mechanical properties of the hardened FGDG–BFS slurries cured for 14 days exceeded those of the silty mudstone. The optimal dosage of SG was 0.4%, effectively prolonging the setting time of the slurry and improving the water resistance of the hardened slurries. The FGDG–BFS material exhibited a superior performance in repairing rock cracks compared to cement-based materials, with the damage patterns of the grouted specimens aligning with those of the intact specimens. This new grouting material effectively repaired existing cracks and prevented re-cracking at the interface between the grouting material and silty mudstone, thereby maintaining slope stability over a long period.
Superhydrophobic Surfaces as a Potential Skin Coating to Prevent Jellyfish Stings: Inhibition and Anti-Tentacle Adhesion in Nematocysts of Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai
Authors: Xie Yichen , Sun Yuanyuan , Li Rongfeng , Liu Song , Xing Ronge , Li Pengcheng , Yu Huahua
Published: December 2024

The development of skin-protective materials that prevent the adhesion of cnidarian nematocysts and enhance the mechanical strength of these materials is crucial for addressing the issue of jellyfish stings. This study aimed to construct superhydrophobic nanomaterials capable of creating a surface that inhibits nematocyst adhesion, therefore preventing jellyfish stings. We investigated wettability and nematocyst adhesion on four different surfaces: gelatin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), dodecyl trichlorosilane (DTS)-modified SiO2, and perfluorooctane triethoxysilane (PFOTS)-modified TiO2. Our findings revealed that an increase in hydrophobicity significantly inhibited nematocyst adhesion. Furthermore, DTS-modified sprayed SiO2 and PFOTS-modified sprated TiO2 were further enhanced with low-surface-energy substances—cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs)—to improve both hydrophobicity and mechanical strength. After incorporating CNF and ChNCs, the surface of s-TiO2-ChNCs exhibited a contact angle of 153.49° even after undergoing abrasion and impact tests, and it maintained its hydrophobic properties with a contact angle of 115.21°. These results indicate that s-TiO2-ChNCs can serve as an effective skin coating to resist tentacle friction. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of utilizing hydrophobic skin materials to inhibit the adhesion of tentacle nematocysts, providing a novel perspective for protection against jellyfish stings.
Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Specimen Size on Failure Characteristics and Mechanics of Plastic Concrete Under the Uniaxial Compression Test
Authors: Pan Xuwei , Guo Mingjian , Wang Siwei , Jiang Tong , Liu Shuai , Zhang Shuo
Published: December 2024

In this paper, uniaxial compression tests and numerical simulation were conducted on specimens of five sizes, and the influence of specimen size on the failure characteristics and mechanics of specimens was studied. The results show that when the bottom size of the specimen is the same, with the increase in the height–width ratio of the specimen size (from 1 to 3), the peak stress of the specimen gradually decreases, but when the decrease is greatly reduced, the concentration of contact force chains in the model increases. The failure mode of the specimen changes from tensile failure to shear failure, and the distribution of cracks changes from multiple vertical cracks uniformly to a concentrated main oblique crack. The failure characteristics change from the overall failure to the serious failure of the near stressed end of the specimen, while the far stressed end is not failure or slight failure. When the height–width ratio of the specimen is the same, with the increase in the overall size, the peak stress decreases, and the dense vertical cracks change into a small amount of concentrated oblique cracks, and the integrity of the specimen and model is better. There is a good effect using PFC2D software to simulate the crack evolution and failure characteristics of plastic concrete.
Study on Microstructure and Thermal Cracking Sensitivity of Deposited Ti6Al4V/Inconel 718 Composites Made by Two-Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by Current
Authors: Xia Peng , Ye Xin , Zhang Guangshun
Published: December 2024

Ti6Al4V/Inconel 718 composites were prepared using arc additive manufacturing technology at different deposition currents. The properties of the composites directly influence the performance of the gradient materials, while heat input further affects the composites’ properties. The results indicate that at a deposition current of 35 A, Ti elements diffuse into the Inconel 718 alloy. Increasing the current leads to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds such as TiNi, Cr2Ti, and Fe2Ti in the deposited layer. At deposition currents below 50 A, no cracks appear, but cracks develop at a current of 50 A. Additionally, the microhardness of the deposited layer increases with higher deposition currents. Compared to the 35 A condition, microhardness rises by 31.51% at a current of 50 A. This research can expand the application field of the arc additive manufacturing of direct deposition Ti6Al4V/Inconel 718 composites.
Multifunctional Sensor Array for User Interaction Based on Dielectric Elastomers with Sputtered Metal Electrodes
Authors: Gratz-Kelly Sebastian , Cerino Mario , Philippi Daniel , Göttel Dirk , Nalbach Sophie , Hubertus Jonas , Schultes Günter , Heppe John , Motzki Paul
Published: December 2024

The integration of textile-based sensing and actuation elements has become increasingly important across various fields, driven by the growing demand for smart textiles in healthcare, sports, and wearable electronics. This paper presents the development of a small, smart dielectric elastomer (DE)-based sensing array designed for user control input in applications such as human–machine interaction, virtual object manipulation, and robotics. DE-based sensors are ideal for textile integration due to their flexibility, lightweight nature, and ability to seamlessly conform to surfaces without compromising comfort. By embedding these sensors into textiles, continuous user interaction can be achieved, providing a more intuitive and unobtrusive user experience. The design of this DE array draws inspiration from a flexible and wearable version of a touchpad, which can be incorporated into clothing or accessories. Integrated advanced machine learning algorithms enhance the sensing system by improving resolution and enabling pattern recognition, reaching a prediction performance of at least 80. Additionally, the array’s electrodes are fabricated using a novel sputtering technique for low resistance as well as high geometric flexibility and size reducibility. A new crimping method is also introduced to ensure a reliable connection between the sensing array and the custom electronics. The advantages of the presented design, data evaluation, and manufacturing process comprise a reduced structure size, the flexible adaptability of the system to the respective application, reliable pattern recognition, reduced sensor and line resistance, the adaptability of mechanical force sensitivity, and the integration of electronics. This research highlights the potential for innovative, highly integrated textile-based sensors in various practical applications.
Adaptive Dynamic Thresholding Method for Fault Detection in Diesel Engine Lubrication Systems
Authors: Wu Tingting , Song Hongliang , Gao Hongli , Wu Zongshen , Han Feifei
Published: December 2024

Fault detection in marine diesel engine lubrication systems is crucial for ensuring the long-term stable operation of diesel engines and the safety of maritime navigation. Traditional fixed-parameter alarm threshold methods lack flexibility and are prone to missing faults. Data-driven approaches like machine learning require high-quality data for fault samples. This study leverages the relative advantages of data mining methods and threshold techniques, proposing an adaptive threshold construction method based on dynamic parameter relationship inference. Employing an algorithm for inferring dynamic relationships among multiple parameters of the lubrication system builds an adaptive threshold detection model. Extensive diesel engine tests and actual fault data demonstrate that the proposed method can address the issues of missed faults encountered by static threshold methods and the low detection accuracy of machine learning approaches without the need for fault samples. This significantly enhances fault detection accuracy in marine diesel engine lubrication systems, offering considerable industrial practical value.
MRI-PDFF Assessment of Intrahepatic Fat Changes Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dejeu Danut , Dejeu Paula , Muresan Anita , Bradea Paula , Dejeu Viorel
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among obese individuals and can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bariatric surgery is known to induce significant weight loss and may improve NAFLD. This systematic review uniquely synthesizes current evidence on the effects of bariatric surgery on intrahepatic fat content, measured by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), and assesses study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024, identifying 12 prospective cohort studies involving 613 patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Inclusion criteria included adult patients with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery, assessment of liver fat changes using MRI-PDFF before and after surgery, and studies reporting quantitative data on liver fat fraction and relevant clinical parameters. Data extraction focused on patient demographics, surgical procedures, specific weight loss outcomes (delta BMI), changes in intrahepatic fat content (delta MRI-PDFF), and quality assessment scores based on the NOS. Results: Significant reductions in intrahepatic fat content were observed across all studies, with delta MRI-PDFF reductions ranging from 6.9% to 14%. Weight loss outcomes varied, with excess weight loss percentages up to 81.3% and BMI reductions up to 12 kg/m². The quality assessment scores ranged from six to nine out of nine, indicating generally high-quality studies. Correlations were noted between the degree of weight loss and reduction in liver fat content. Several studies reported high rates of resolution of steatosis and NASH post-operatively. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery leads to significant reductions in intrahepatic fat content and improvements in NAFLD among obese patients. The degree of weight loss correlates with the reduction in liver fat. These findings underscore the clinical utility of bariatric surgery as a strategic intervention for managing NAFLD in obese individuals, potentially influencing clinical practice guidelines by integrating bariatric surgery as a viable treatment option for NAFLD-related hepatic conditions.
Investigating Elastic Deformation of Ordered Precipitates by Ab Initio-Informed Phase-Field Crystal Modeling
Authors: Holmberg-Kasa Jacob , Olsson Pär A. T. , Fisk Martin
Published: December 2024

Ni-based superalloys, essential for high-temperature applications, derive strength from coherent second-order precipitates that impede dislocation motion through coherency misfit and elastic mismatch. This study employs multi-component phase-field crystal (PFC) simulations to explore the elastic deformation of such precipitates. Using a binary ordered square structure for the precipitate and a single species square structure for the matrix, elastic properties and lattice parameters are fitted to data from ab initio density functional theory calculations for Ni and Ni3Ti systems. Simulations reveal a smooth strain gradient across the matrix–precipitate interface with coherency misfit influenced by precipitate size and strain state. These findings highlight the utility of PFC simulations for understanding strain distribution and deformation in precipitate–matrix systems with the potential to offer insights for both experimental and computational studies.
Enhanced Production of IL-10 in PCR-Positive Dogs Infected with E. canis and A. phagocytophilum Facilitate Specific Immune Responses
Authors: Stanilov Iskren , Gospodinova Krasimira , Petrov Vladimir , Miteva Lyuba , Tsachev Ilia , Stanilova Spaska
Published: December 2024

Infection of dogs with the tick-borne rickettsiae Ehrlichia and Anaplasma provokes an immune response mediating the pathology and bacterial resistance. IL-10 is the main anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays a multifaceted role in host protection. The study aimed to investigate circulating IL-10 in 32 dogs naturally infected with A. phagocytophilum and E. canis, identified by PCR positivity, and 33 PCR-negative animals which tested positive for antibodies against these pathogens, as well as 22 healthy animals. The highest quantity of IL-10, measured by ELISA, was observed among dogs positive simultaneously for anti-E. canis and anti-A. phagocytophilum IgG antibodies, followed by dogs positive for anti-E. canis only. The concentration of IL-10 in PCR-positive dogs was almost three and a half times higher than that measured in the control group (77.09 ± 23.61 pg./mL vs. 21.55 ± 4.61 pg./mL; p = 0.0015) and five times higher than the concentration of interleukin in PCR-negative animals (77.09 ± 23.61 pg./mL vs. 14.86 ± 3.01 pg./mL; p = 0.000016). The highest level of IL-10 was observed in PCR-positive dogs with mixed infection (120.54 ± 44.18), followed by the level in PCR-positive dogs for E. canis only (78.81 ± 16.92). The lowest level of IL-10 was observed in PCR-positive dogs for A. phagocytophilum only (56.32 ± 12.68). We may suggest that infection with E. canis and A. phagocytophilum stimulates the IL-10 production in dogs, which may facilitate specific antibody responses.
Characterization of the Microstructure of Sr0.75Ba0.25Nb2O6 Thin Films by Brillouin Light Scattering
Authors: Pugachev Alexey , Tumarkin Andrey , Adichtchev Sergey , Ivleva Ludmila , Bogdan Alexey
Published: December 2024

Strontium-barium niobate (SrxBa(1−x)Nb2O6) films can be considered as a promising material for microwave applications due to high dielectric nonlinearity and relatively low losses. Since strontium-barium niobate has a disordered structure that determines its unique electrical properties, the identification of structural features of the SrxBa(1−x)Nb2O6 films is the key to their successful use. The SrxBa(1−x)Nb2O6 films were synthesized on a sapphire substrate by magnetron sputtering. The structure of the films was studied by both traditional methods of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the rarely used for thin films investigation Brillouin light scattering method, which was the focus of our study. We show that Brillouin light scattering is an excellent nondestructive method for studying the structural features of thin ferroelectric strontium-barium niobate films. An analysis of the features of the Brillouin light scattering spectra in thin-film structures and their comparison with the spectra of bulk crystals allowed us to determine with high accuracy the thickness of the films under study and their structural features determined by the resonant scattering of acoustic waves.
Does the Mediterranean Diet Play a Beneficial Role in Managing the Health of Overweight/Obese Breast Cancer Survivors?
Authors: Yaqoob Syeda Maria , Haidar Layla , Allicock Marlyn A. , Heredia Natalia I.
Published: December 2024

Background: Numerous studies have established a correlation between the Mediterranean diet and a reduced risk of breast cancer, as well as its efficacy in supporting weight management. Notably, obesity is widely recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of breast cancer. The Mediterranean diet has been shown to improve health outcomes among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors. This narrative review aims to consolidate information on the existing research interventions elucidating the benefits of the Mediterranean diet for the overall health of breast cancer survivors. Methods: Using the search terms “Mediterranean diet” and “breast cancer survivor”, a total of 44 articles were identified. This review focuses on the six articles meeting the inclusion criteria, examining impacts on various health outcomes such as weight loss, quality of life, and various metabolic parameters (e.g., triglycerides, BMI, fasting glucose). Results: Most of the intervention studies examined weight loss and metabolic parameters including BMI and fat mass. The research results indicate that the Mediterranean diet effectively reduces BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass. Moreover, the data suggest that this dietary approach may support attaining a healthier BMI in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors. The data from various studies show no statistically significant findings for high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol levels. The assessment of quality of life varied across the studies, leading to challenges in reaching definitive conclusions. Conclusions: This narrative review offers a comprehensive overview of the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors who are overweight or obese.
Ameliorating Effect of Fermented Perilla frutescens on Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Impairment Through Antioxidant and BDNF Signaling in Mice
Authors: Seo Chae-Ryeong , Lee Bo Kyung , Jee Hye Jin , Yoo Jae Ryeong , Lee Chul-Kyu , Park Jin Wook , Jung Yi-Sook
Published: December 2024

Background: Adequate sleep is essential for maintaining cognitive function, as evidenced by literature. Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo (PF) is a traditional medicinal herb reported to improve vascular cognitive impairment and induce sedation. However, the effects of PF on cognitive impairment caused by sleep deprivation (SD) have not yet been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of fermented PF (FPF) and its underlying mechanisms in a model of SD-induced cognitive impairment. Methods: Mice were subjected to SD to establish cognitive impairment, and FPF was administered once daily for 3 days. Cognitive performance was assessed using Y-maze and passive avoidance tests, followed by molecular mechanisms analyses. Results: FPF treatment improved SD-induced cognitive impairment, as evidenced by increased spontaneous alternation and extended latency time. Histological analysis revealed that SD impaired the hippocampus, and this impairment was alleviated by FPF treatment. FPF demonstrated antioxidant activity by increasing glutathione levels and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, the decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) observed in sleep-deprived mice were restored with FPF treatment. FPF also enhanced the phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and cAMP response element-binding protein. Conclusions: These results indicate that FPF may have beneficial effects on SD-induced cognitive impairment by protecting against oxidative stress and increasing BDNF expression.