bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotating curved spacetime signatures from a giant quantum vortex
Authors: Švančara Patrik , Smaniotto Pietro , Solidoro Leonardo , MacDonald James F. , Patrick Sam , Gregory Ruth , Barenghi Carlo F. , Weinfurtner Silke
Published: March 2024

Gravity simulators1 are laboratory systems in which small excitations such as sound2 or surface waves3,4 behave as fields propagating on a curved spacetime geometry. The analogy between gravity and fluids requires vanishing viscosity2–4, a feature naturally realized in superfluids such as liquid helium or cold atomic clouds5–8. Such systems have been successful in verifying key predictions of quantum field theory in curved spacetime7–11. In particular, quantum simulations of rotating curved spacetimes indicative of astrophysical black holes require the realization of an extensive vortex flow12 in superfluid systems. Here we demonstrate that, despite the inherent instability of multiply quantized vortices13,14, a stationary giant quantum vortex can be stabilized in superfluid 4He. Its compact core carries thousands of circulation quanta, prevailing over current limitations in other physical systems such as magnons5, atomic clouds6,7 and polaritons15,16. We introduce a minimally invasive way to characterize the vortex flow17,18 by exploiting the interaction of micrometre-scale waves on the superfluid interface with the background velocity field. Intricate wave–vortex interactions, including the detection of bound states and distinctive analogue black hole ringdown signatures, have been observed. These results open new avenues to explore quantum-to-classical vortex transitions and use superfluid helium as a finite-temperature quantum field theory simulator for rotating curved spacetimes19.
A distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum clade dominates the colorectal cancer niche
Authors: Zepeda-Rivera Martha , Minot Samuel S. , Bouzek Heather , Wu Hanrui , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Manghi Paolo , Jones Dakota S. , LaCourse Kaitlyn D. , Wu Ying , McMahon Elsa F. , Park Soon-Nang , Lim Yun K. , Kempchinsky Andrew G. , Willis Amy D. , Cotton Sean L. , Yost Susan C. , Sicinska Ewa , Kook Joong-Ki , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Segata Nicola , Bullman Susan , Johnston Christopher D.
Published: March 2024

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium present in the human oral cavity and rarely found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals1, is enriched in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tumours2–5. High intratumoural Fn loads are associated with recurrence, metastases and poorer patient prognosis5–8. Here, to delineate Fn genetic factors facilitating tumour colonization, we generated closed genomes for 135 Fn strains; 80 oral strains from individuals without cancer and 55 unique cancer strains cultured from tumours from 51 patients with CRC. Pangenomic analyses identified 483 CRC-enriched genetic factors. Tumour-isolated strains predominantly belong to Fn subspecies animalis (Fna). However, genomic analyses reveal that Fna, considered a single subspecies, is instead composed of two distinct clades (Fna C1 and Fna C2). Of these, only Fna C2 dominates the CRC tumour niche. Inter-Fna analyses identified 195 Fna C2-associated genetic factors consistent with increased metabolic potential and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. In support of this, Fna C2-treated mice had an increased number of intestinal adenomas and altered metabolites. Microbiome analysis of human tumour tissue from 116 patients with CRC demonstrated Fna C2 enrichment. Comparison of 62 paired specimens showed that only Fna C2 is tumour enriched compared to normal adjacent tissue. This was further supported by metagenomic analysis of stool samples from 627 patients with CRC and 619 healthy individuals. Collectively, our results identify the Fna clade bifurcation, show that specifically Fna C2 drives the reported Fn enrichment in human CRC and reveal the genetic underpinnings of pathoadaptation of Fna C2 to the CRC niche.
Resilient anatomy and local plasticity of naive and stress haematopoiesis
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Zhang Jizhou , Kumar Sumit , Shen Siyu , Kincaid Morgan , Johnson Courtney B. , Zhang Yanan Sophia , Turcotte Raphaël , Alt Clemens , Ito Kyoko , Homan Shelli , Sherman Bryan E. , Shao Tzu-Yu , Slaughter Anastasiya , Weinhaus Benjamin , Song Baobao , Filippi Marie Dominique , Grimes H. Leighton , Lin Charles P. , Ito Keisuke , Way Sing Sing , Kofron J. Matthew , Lucas Daniel
Published: March 2024

The bone marrow adjusts blood cell production to meet physiological demands in response to insults. The spatial organization of normal and stress responses are unknown owing to the lack of methods to visualize most steps of blood production. Here we develop strategies to image multipotent haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in mice. We combine these with imaging of myelopoiesis1 to define the anatomy of normal and stress haematopoiesis. In the steady state, across the skeleton, single stem cells and multipotent progenitors distribute through the marrow enriched near megakaryocytes. Lineage-committed progenitors are recruited to blood vessels, where they contribute to lineage-specific microanatomical structures composed of progenitors and immature cells, which function as the production sites for each major blood lineage. This overall anatomy is resilient to insults, as it was maintained after haemorrhage, systemic bacterial infection and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment, and during ageing. Production sites enable haematopoietic plasticity as they differentially and selectively modulate their numbers and output in response to insults. We found that stress responses are variable across the skeleton: the tibia and the sternum respond in opposite ways to G-CSF, and the skull does not increase erythropoiesis after haemorrhage. Our studies enable in situ analyses of haematopoiesis, define the anatomy of normal and stress responses, identify discrete microanatomical production sites that confer plasticity to haematopoiesis, and uncover unprecedented heterogeneity of stress responses across the skeleton.
Compensatory evolution in NusG improves fitness of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis
Authors: Eckartt Kathryn A. , Delbeau Madeleine , Munsamy-Govender Vanisha , DeJesus Michael A. , Azadian Zachary A. , Reddy Abhijna K. , Chandanani Joshua , Poulton Nicholas C. , Quiñones-Garcia Stefany , Bosch Barbara , Landick Robert , Campbell Elizabeth A. , Rock Jeremy M.
Published: March 2024

Drug-resistant bacteria are emerging as a global threat, despite frequently being less fit than their drug-susceptible ancestors1–8. Here we sought to define the mechanisms that drive or buffer the fitness cost of rifampicin resistance (RifR) in the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Rifampicin inhibits RNA polymerase (RNAP) and is a cornerstone of modern short-course tuberculosis therapy9,10. However, RifR Mtb accounts for one-quarter of all deaths due to drug-resistant bacteria11,12. We took a comparative functional genomics approach to define processes that are differentially vulnerable to CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) inhibition in RifR Mtb. Among other hits, we found that the universally conserved transcription factor NusG is crucial for the fitness of RifR Mtb. In contrast to its role in Escherichia coli, Mtb NusG has an essential RNAP pro-pausing function mediated by distinct contacts with RNAP and the DNA13. We find this pro-pausing NusG–RNAP interface to be under positive selection in clinical RifR Mtb isolates. Mutations in the NusG–RNAP interface reduce pro-pausing activity and increase fitness of RifR Mtb. Collectively, these results define excessive RNAP pausing as a molecular mechanism that drives the fitness cost of RifR in Mtb, identify a new mechanism of compensation to overcome this cost, suggest rational approaches to exacerbate the fitness cost, and, more broadly, could inform new therapeutic approaches to develop drug combinations to slow the evolution of RifR in Mtb.
Persistent interaction patterns across social media platforms and over time
Authors: Avalle Michele , Di Marco Niccolò , Etta Gabriele , Sangiorgio Emanuele , Alipour Shayan , Bonetti Anita , Alvisi Lorenzo , Scala Antonio , Baronchelli Andrea , Cinelli Matteo , Quattrociocchi Walter
Published: March 2024

Growing concern surrounds the impact of social media platforms on public discourse1–4 and their influence on social dynamics5–9, especially in the context of toxicity10–12. Here, to better understand these phenomena, we use a comparative approach to isolate human behavioural patterns across multiple social media platforms. In particular, we analyse conversations in different online communities, focusing on identifying consistent patterns of toxic content. Drawing from an extensive dataset that spans eight platforms over 34 years—from Usenet to contemporary social media—our findings show consistent conversation patterns and user behaviour, irrespective of the platform, topic or time. Notably, although long conversations consistently exhibit higher toxicity, toxic language does not invariably discourage people from participating in a conversation, and toxicity does not necessarily escalate as discussions evolve. Our analysis suggests that debates and contrasting sentiments among users significantly contribute to more intense and hostile discussions. Moreover, the persistence of these patterns across three decades, despite changes in platforms and societal norms, underscores the pivotal role of human behaviour in shaping online discourse.
SpatialData: an open and universal data framework for spatial omics
Authors: Marconato Luca , Palla Giovanni , Yamauchi Kevin A. , Virshup Isaac , Heidari Elyas , Treis Tim , Vierdag Wouter-Michiel , Toth Marcella , Stockhaus Sonja , Shrestha Rahul B. , Rombaut Benjamin , Pollaris Lotte , Lehner Laurens , Vöhringer Harald , Kats Ilia , Saeys Yvan , Saka Sinem K. , Huber Wolfgang , Gerstung Moritz , Moore Josh , Theis Fabian J. , Stegle Oliver
Published: March 2024

Spatially resolved omics technologies are transforming our understanding of biological tissues. However, the handling of uni- and multimodal spatial omics datasets remains a challenge owing to large data volumes, heterogeneity of data types and the lack of flexible, spatially aware data structures. Here we introduce SpatialData, a framework that establishes a unified and extensible multiplatform file-format, lazy representation of larger-than-memory data, transformations and alignment to common coordinate systems. SpatialData facilitates spatial annotations and cross-modal aggregation and analysis, the utility of which is illustrated in the context of multiple vignettes, including integrative analysis on a multimodal Xenium and Visium breast cancer study.
Noggin promotes osteogenesis in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via FGFR2/Src/Akt and ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Truchan Karolina , Osyczka Anna Maria
Published: March 2024

The balance between Noggin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is important during early development and skeletal regenerative therapies. Noggin binds BMPs in the extracellular space, thereby preventing BMP signaling. However, Noggin may affect cell response not necessarily through the modulation of BMP signaling, raising the possibility of direct Noggin signaling through yet unspecified receptors. Here we show that in osteogenic cultures of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), Noggin activates fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), Src/Akt and ERK kinases, and it stabilizes TAZ proteins in the presence of dexamethasone. Overall, this leads ASCs to increased expression of osteogenic markers and robust mineral deposition. Our results also indicate that Noggin can induce osteogenic genes expression in normal human bone marrow stem cells and alkaline phosphatase activity in normal human dental pulp stem cells. Besides, Noggin can specifically activate FGFR2 in osteosarcoma cells. We believe our findings open new research avenues to further explore the involvement of Noggin in cell fate modulation by FGFR2/Src/Akt/ERK signaling and potential applications of Noggin in bone regenerative therapies.
Investigation on acoustic emission characteristics of fault stick-slip under different lateral pressures
Authors: Ding Ling , Zhao Yangfeng , Pan Yishan , Fan Yi
Published: March 2024

To explore the effect of different stress environments on fault-slip rockbursts. Bidirectional shear friction experiments with different lateral pressures were conducted on precracked syenogranites buried at 800 m. The macroscopic statistical parameters (cumulative number of AE events, magnitude and b value) and local characteristic parameters (amplitude and dominant frequency) of acoustic emission during the stick-slip process under different lateral pressures were investigated. In addition, based on fractal theory, the nonlinear characteristics of AE spectrum were analyzed. On this basis, the microscopic mechanism of fault stick-slip was discussed. The results show that the lateral pressure influences the friction strength of the fault and stick-slip motion characteristics. With increasing lateral pressure, the proportion of transgranular shear fractures increases, which leads to an increase of cumulative number of AE events and magnitude. The periodic decrease in the b value is more significant at high lateral pressure. There is a good correlation between a high-magnitude AE event and a stress drop. The AE frequency with phased response characteristics can be used to effectively identify the evolution of fault stick-slip instability at the laboratory scale. A sharp increase in the amplitude of the dominant frequency can be regarded as one of the precursory features of fault stick-slip instability. The AE frequency spectra have multifractal characteristics, that differ among the different stages. The maximum multifractal dimension and spectral width can reflect the difference in energy released during fault stick-slip motion.
Age-related changes in the zebrafish and killifish inner ear and lateral line
Authors: Coffin Allison B. , Dale Emily , Molano Olivia , Pederson Alexandra , Costa Emma K. , Chen Jingxun
Published: March 2024

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a debilitating disorder for millions worldwide. While there are multiple underlying causes of ARHL, one common factor is loss of sensory hair cells. In mammals, new hair cells are not produced postnatally and do not regenerate after damage, leading to permanent hearing impairment. By contrast, fish produce hair cells throughout life and robustly regenerate these cells after toxic insult. Despite these regenerative abilities, zebrafish show features of ARHL. Here, we show that aged zebrafish of both sexes exhibited significant hair cell loss and decreased cell proliferation in all inner ear epithelia (saccule, lagena, utricle). Ears from aged zebrafish had increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and significantly more macrophages than ears from young adult animals. Aged zebrafish also had fewer lateral line hair cells and less cell proliferation than young animals, although lateral line hair cells still robustly regenerated following damage. Unlike zebrafish, African turquoise killifish (an emerging aging model) only showed hair cell loss in the saccule of aged males, but both sexes exhibit age-related changes in the lateral line. Our work demonstrates that zebrafish exhibit key features of auditory aging, including hair cell loss and increased inflammation. Further, our finding that aged zebrafish have fewer lateral line hair cells yet retain regenerative capacity, suggests a decoupling of homeostatic hair cell addition from regeneration following acute trauma. Finally, zebrafish and killifish show species-specific strategies for lateral line homeostasis that may inform further comparative research on aging in mechanosensory systems.
Inhibitory effect of benzocaine from Schisandra chinensis on Alternaria alternata
Authors: Long Lin Fang , Zhao Qi Fang , Zhang Fu Long , Tang Ran , Wei Jia Bao , Guan Shan , Chen Yan
Published: March 2024

The clinical effects of Schisandra chinensis against human disease are well-documented; however, studies on its application in controlling plant pathogens are limited. Here, we investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of Alternaria alternata, a fungus which causes significant post-harvest losses on apples, known as black spot disease. S. chinensis fruit extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. alternata with an EC50 of 1882.00 mg/L. There were 157 compounds identified in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, where benzocaine constituted 14.19% of the extract. Antifungal experiments showed that the inhibitory activity of benzocaine on A. alternata was 43.77-fold higher than the crude extract. The application of benzocaine before and after A. alternata inoculation on apples prevented the pathogen infection and led to mycelial distortion according to scanning electron microscopy. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 4226 genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated A. alternata-infected apples with benzocaine. Metabolomics analysis led to the identification of 155 metabolites. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that benzocaine may inhibit A. alternata growth via the beta-alanine metabolic pathway. Overall, S. chinensis extract and benzocaine are environmentally friendly plant-based fungicides with potential to control A. alternata.
Research on lightweight algorithm for gangue detection based on improved Yolov5
Authors: Yuan Xinpeng , Fu Zhibo , Zhang Bowen , Xie Zhengkun , Gan Rui
Published: March 2024

In order to solve the problems of slow detection speed, large number of parameters and large computational volume of deep learning based gangue target detection method, we propose an improved algorithm for gangue target detection based on Yolov5s. First, the lightweight network EfficientVIT is used as the backbone network to increase the target detection speed. Second, C3_Faster replaces the C3 part in the HEAD module, which reduces the model complexity. once again, the 20 × 20 feature map branch in the Neck region is deleted, which reduces the model complexity; thirdly, the CIOU loss function is replaced by the Mpdiou loss function. The introduction of the SE attention mechanism makes the model pay more attention to critical features to improve detection performance. Experimental results show that the improved model size of the coal gang detection algorithm reduces the compression by 77.8%, the number of parameters by 78.3% the computational cost is reduced by 77.8% and the number of frames is reduced by 30.6%, which can be used as a reference for intelligent coal gangue classification.
Large language models know how the personality of public figures is perceived by the general public
Authors: Cao Xubo , Kosinski Michal
Published: March 2024

We show that people’s perceptions of public figures’ personalities can be accurately predicted from their names’ location in GPT-3’s semantic space. We collected Big Five personality perceptions of 226 public figures from 600 human raters. Cross-validated linear regression was used to predict human perceptions from public figures’ name embeddings extracted from GPT-3. The models’ accuracy ranged from r = .78 to .88 without controls and from r = .53 to .70 when controlling for public figures’ likability and demographics, after correcting for attenuation. Prediction models showed high face validity as revealed by the personality-descriptive adjectives occupying their extremes. Our findings reveal that GPT-3 word embeddings capture signals pertaining to individual differences and intimate traits.
Transpedicular injection of rhBMP-2 with β-tricalcium phosphate to reduce the proximal junctional kyphosis after adult spinal deformity correction: preliminary study
Authors: Kwon Ohsang , Choi Jun-Young , Park Jin-Ho , Ham Dae-Woong , Park Sang-Min , Yeom Jin S. , Kim Ho-Joong
Published: March 2024

The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the impact of injecting recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) carrier into the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) during surgery to prevent the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). The 25 patients from study group had received 0.5 mg rhBMP-2 mixed with 1.5 g β-TCP paste injection into the UIV during surgery. The control group consisted of 75 patients who underwent surgery immediately before the start of the study. The incidences of PJK and PJF were analyzed as primary outcomes. Spinopelvic parameters and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed as secondary outcomes. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were performed to confirm the effect of rhBMP-2 with β-TCP on bone formation at preoperative and postoperative at computed tomography. PJK and PJF was more occurred in control group than study group (p = 0.02, 0.29, respectively). The HU of the UIV significantly increased 6 months after surgery. And the increment at the UIV was also significantly greater than that at the UIV-1 6 months after surgery. Injection of rhBMP-2 with β-TCP into the UIV reduced PJK and PJF rates 6 months after surgery with new bone formation.
Collisional cooling of a Fermi gas with three-body recombination
Authors: Peng Shuai , Liu Haotian , Li Jiaming , Luo Le
Published: March 2024

Evaporative cooling stands as the prevailing method for achieving ultracold temperatures in atomic systems. Current schemes of evaporation selectively remove the hotter atoms near the edge of the trap, as the hotter and colder atoms are distributed in different spatial regions of the trapping potential. However, a long-standing goal is to directly remove the higher momentum atoms, irrespective of their spatial distribution. For this purpose, we demonstrate collisional cooling for a 6Li Fermi gas through inelastic three-body recombination near a narrow Feshbach resonance. Such three-body recombination can induce either heating or cooling effects, and the decay of the quasi-bound Feshbach molecule stirs the hotter atoms away from the trapping potential. When the threshold energy of the Feshbach molecule exceeds the atom’s average kinetic energy of 3/2kBT, the cooling effect becomes more pronounced. Finally, we observe strong temperature dependence in this collisional cooling process, with greater efficiency achieved at lower temperatures.
Positive unintended consequences of urbanization for climate-resilience of stream ecosystems
Authors: Banner Jay L. , Black Bryan A. , Tremaine Darrel M.
Published: March 2024

Developing sustainable urban systems is a fundamental societal challenge for the 21st century, and central Texas faces particularly synergistic challenges of a rapidly growing urban population and a projected increasingly drought-prone climate. To assess the history of urbanization impacts on watersheds here, we analyzed 51 cores from bald cypress trees in paired urban and rural watersheds in Austin, Texas. We find a significant contrast between rural and urbanized watersheds. In the rural watershed, tree-ring-width growth histories (“chronologies”) from 1844–2018 significantly and positively correlate (p < 0.01) with (1) one another, and (2) regional instrumental and proxy records of drought. In the urbanized watershed, by contrast, chronologies weakly correlate with one another, with instrumental records of drought, and with the rural chronologies and regional records. Relatively weak drought limitations to urban tree growth are consistent with the significant present-day transfer of municipal water from urban infrastructure by leakage and irrigation to the natural hydrologic system. We infer a significant, long-term contribution from infrastructure to baseflow in urbanized watersheds. In contrast to the common negative impacts of ‘urban stream syndrome’, such sustained baseflow in watersheds with impaired or failing infrastructure may be an unintended positive consequence for stream ecosystems, as a mitigation against projected extended 21st-century droughts. Additionally, riparian trees may serve as a proxy for past impacts of urbanization on natural streams, which may inform sustainable urban development.
Intramolecular boron-locking strategy induced remarkable first hyperpolarizability: role of torsion angles between donor and acceptor units
Authors: Li Bo , Lin Shichen , Gu Feng Long
Published: March 2024

Intramolecular boron-locking strategy with intramolecular noncovalent interactions is a promising and novel strategy for inducing remarkable first hyperpolarizability.
Fe3O4 nanoparticles entrapped in the inner surfaces of N-doped carbon microtubes with enhanced biomimetic activity
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Jin Ziqi , Lu Na , Pan Jianmin , Xu Jingli , Yin Xue-Bo , Zhang Min
Published: March 2024

Here, we synthesized N-doped carbon microtubes with Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated inside NCMTs (Fe3O4@NCMTs), which possessed a higher peroxidase-like activity when compared with NCNTs@Fe3O4, demonstrating structural superiority of Fe3O4@NCMTs.
Prevention of uropathogenic E. coli biofilm formation by hydrophobic nanoparticle coatings on polymeric substrates
Authors: Dietl Stefanie , Merkl Padryk , Sotiriou Georgios A.
Published: March 2024

Flame-made rare-earth nanostructured coatings are deposited in situ on catheter-mimicking surfaces and subsequently rendered superhydrophobic in a controlled way by hydrocarbon adsorption, preventing the growth of uropathogenic E. coli biofilms.
Ultra-high piezoelectric properties and ultra-high Curie temperature of Li/Ce-doped La2Ti2O7 ceramics
Authors: Tang Manjing , Tan Zhi , Xing Jie , Chen Hao , Yang Xinji , Li Hongjiang , Zhang Wen , Zhu Jianguo
Published: March 2024

Li/Ce dual doping strategy induces local heterogeneity via ion size and charge differences, the modified La2Ti2O7 ceramics exhibit significantly enhanced piezoelectric performance, resistivity, and ultra-high TC.
Harnessing nanoscale spatial effects in inner-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for enhanced Knoevenagel condensation reaction
Authors: Kim Semi , Woo Seojeong , Bae Cheongwon , Jeon Yuri , Seong Yeeun , Li Song , Kim Juyeong
Published: March 2024

Precise carving of ZIF nanocrystals generates heterogeneous internal mesoporosity, providing effective mass transport and uncoordinated active sites for enhanced heterogeneous catalysis.
Morphological and mechanical studies of Al2O3–Na2SiO3 as a skin barrier coated with TiO2 for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials
Authors: Widyastuti  , Hardiyanti Serly , Muhaqqi Al Haq Wafiq Syeach , Zulfa Liyana Labiba , Safrida Ninik , Hakim Arif Nur , Mariani Lilis , Purnomo Herry , Sulistijono  , Wahyuono Ruri Agung
Published: March 2024

The utilization of adhesive compounds in bonding lightweight and high-performance composite structures, including carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, has garnered significant attention from researchers.
Effects of shear-induced crystallization on the complex viscosity of lamellar-structured concentrated surfactant solutions
Authors: Kelkar Parth U. , Kaboolian Matthew , Corder Ria D. , Caggioni Marco , Lindberg Seth , Erk Kendra A.
Published: March 2024

Material relationships at low temperatures were determined for concentrated surfactant solutions using a combination of rheological experiments, cross-polarized microscopy, calorimetry, and small angle X-ray scattering.
Optimization of a NiMo catalytic electrode based on the distribution map of HER onset potential
Authors: Ma Xuyang , Dong Jiqiang , Li Fuying , Ma Kaijie , Liu Le , Xi Jingyu
Published: March 2024

This work maps the distribution of HER onset potential, screens the electrodeposition parameters, and optimizes them to achieve better performance.
Three-dimensional printed cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotubes/silicone rubber flexible strain sensor for wearable body monitoring
Authors: Xu Mengyang , Yue Yuanzhi , Lu Yao , Xiang Kailing , Wang Jincheng , Lu Wentong , Tian Hao , Jia Liya , Wu Genli , Xiao Jianhua
Published: March 2024

Flexible pressure sensors have a wide range of applications in motion monitoring, human–computer interaction, and other fields.
High throughput screening of pure silica zeolites for CF4 capture from electronics industry gas
Authors: Zhang Hui-Dong , Li Xiao-Dong , Xie Yan-Yu , Yang Peng-Hui , Yu Jing-Xin
Published: March 2024

In this work, the relationships between structural parameters and CF4 capture properties of pure silica zeolites were investigated, and zeolite structures exhibiting exceptional performance under diverse application conditions were identified.
Supramolecular complexation of C60 with branched polyethylene
Authors: Pollit Adam A. , Garg Garima , Tahir M. Nazir , Nyayachavadi Audithya , Xiang Peng , Landry Eric , Ebied Amer , Rondeau-Gagné Simon
Published: March 2024

A straightforward non-covalent functionalization of C60 with branched polyethylene (BPE) is described, which occurs spontaneously in dilute chloroform solution under ambient conditions.
The luminescent semiconductor Pb7I6(CN2)4
Authors: Schwarz Albert T. , Ströbele Markus , Romao Carl P. , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.-Jürgen
Published: March 2024

The compound Pb7I6(CN2)4 was obtained from a solid-state reaction of PbI2 and PbCN2. Experimental studies and calculations feature this material as a semiconducting luminophore.
Facile and scalable synthesis of recyclable N,Se-doped CuO microrods of microsheets for highly efficient reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Meng Yan , Wang Ao , Xu Gang , Dong Shi-Jiao , Song Jun-Ling
Published: March 2024

N,Se-co doped CuO has been extensively utilized as a potential catalyst in the conversion of harmful 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) into valuable 4-aminophenol (4-AP).
Lithium aluminate flotation by pH- and light-switchable collectors based on the natural product punicine
Authors: Zgheib Ali , Acker Sophie , Fischer Maximilian Hans , Namyslo Jan C. , Strube Franziska , Rudolph Martin , Fittschen Ursula E. A. , Wollmann Annett , Weber Alfred P. , Nieger Martin , Schmidt Andreas
Published: March 2024

Punicines were used as light-switchable collectors for flotation of the engineered artificial mineral lithium aluminate.
Increase of OH radical yields due to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by gold nanoparticles under X-ray irradiation
Authors: Okazaki Yu , Kusumoto Tamon , Roux Stephane , Hirayama Ryoichi , Fromm Michel , Bazzi Rana , Kodaira Satoshi , Kataoka Jun
Published: March 2024

We elucidate the decomposition mechanism of hydrogen peroxide, which is formed by water radiolysis, by gold nanoparticles (GNPs) under X-ray irradiation.
Physical properties of ferromagnetic Mn-doped double perovskites (DPs) Cs2AgInCl/Br6 for spintronics and solar cell devices: DFT calculations
Authors: Noor N. A. , Tahir Wasim , Mumtaz Sohail , Elansary Hosam O.
Published: March 2024

Structural, electronic, magnetic, and transport behavior of ferromagnetic double perovskites Cs2AgIn0.75Mn0.25Cl/Br6 were investigated using density functional theory. Incorporation of Mn ions causes exchange splitting induced by p–d hybridization, stabilizing the ferromagnetic state.
Development of an automated platform for monitoring microfluidic reactors through multi-reactor integration and online (chip-)LC/MS-detection
Authors: Westphal Hannes , Schmidt Simon , Lama Sanjay , Polack Matthias , Weise Chris , Oestereich Toni , Warias Rico , Gulder Tanja , Belder Detlev
Published: March 2024

Biocatalysis with packed-bed microreactors: a novel method combining microreactor technology, multi-reactor integration, and online (chip-)LC/MS analysis in a sequential automated workflow.
Significantly improved stability and water retention for Pt supported on W-doped SnO2 to catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Cao Wei , Mao Yiyang , Hu Bin , Yang Yongqing , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: March 2024

Carbon exhibits significant corrosion issues when utilized as the support of Pt. Here, we show that Pt loaded on W-doped SnO2 significantly improved stability and water retention for ORR in PEMFC.
N-terminalized titanium carbide MXene coupled with graphene oxide toward optimized temporal domain-dependent nonlinear absorption
Authors: Shan Naying , Guan Zihao , Wei Zhiyuan , Fu Lulu , Zhao Yang , Liu Fang , Chen Lu , Xue Yanyan , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Xu Jun , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2024

Ti3C2Tx MXene by the surface termination modulation and subsequently the graphene oxide covalent functionalization for enhanced nonlinear optical performance across spectral (532 and 800 nm) and temporal (nanosecond and femtosecond) regimes.
Psychosocial Barriers to Completion of Speech Home Exercise Programs
Authors: Torres Jennifer , Gayner Sydney , Aceste Jessica , Lico Margaret
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Home exercise programs (HEPs) are provided to patients to maximize retention and generalization of the skills learned during ongoing speech therapy. Unfortunately, psychosocial barriers can lead to inconsistent implementation of speech HEPs, but currently, minimal research exists in identifying these factors. This study aims to ascertain the barriers involved in neglecting the implementation of speech HEPs within the cleft and craniofacial population.

Method:

Respondents answered a series of questions related to demographics (e.g., ethnicity, diagnosis), speech services (e.g., frequency, additional services), and psychosocial barriers (e.g., mental health of parent, patient motivation).

Results:

Findings demonstrated that 88% of the families in this study experienced psychosocial barriers. Fifteen out of the 17 respondents were mothers (88%), whose marriage status included married (70.59%), single (23.53%), and widowed (5.88%). The majority (59% of caregivers) reported completing assigned speech HEPs less than 75% of the time.

Conclusions:

Given the findings of this preliminary study, future studies can further assess the psychosocial barriers and their relationship to demographic information. This information will be useful in finding strategies to promote follow-through of HEP implementation in the future.
Study on moisture absorption characteristics of glass fibre‐reinforced epoxy resin material for composite insulators based on the 3D‐Fick model
Authors: Zhang Yuming , Liu Yunpeng , Hou Sizu , Geng Jianghai , Wang Ping
Published: March 2024

Long‐term exposure to moisture leads to a gradual deterioration of performance and reduced service life of glass fibre‐reinforced epoxy resin (GFRP) material in composite insulators. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the moisture absorption characteristics of GFRP material and the evolution of damage to their internal interface properties. Moisture absorption tests on GFRP rod material used in composite insulators to obtain their three‐dimensional diffusion coefficients are conducted. Atomic force microscopy was then employed to obtain the composite material system's fibre/matrix interfacial phase parameters. Furthermore, a finite element model incorporating representative volume elements with interfacial phases and a mesoscale transient moisture absorption finite element model for the composite material was established. Finally, the moisture absorption characteristics of GFRP material and the evolution of damage to the interfacial phase under thermal‐humidity cycling conditions were investigated. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient along the fibre direction in GFRP material was higher than that in the perpendicular direction. The moisture diffusion finite element model, incorporating an anisotropic interfacial phase, fitted the anisotropic diffusion coefficients of GFRP material more accurately. As moisture invaded the GFRP material, the mismatch stresses continuously increased during the moisture absorption. Moreover, the non‐uniform arrangement of fibres resulted in uneven distribution of moisture‐induced stresses inside the material, leading to higher mismatch stresses in areas with dense fibre arrangements in the matrix. Prolonged high and low humidity cycles led to the development of micro‐cracks, micro‐porosity, and interface debonding along the fibre direction at the GFRP material interfaces, thereby affecting the anisotropic moisture absorption characteristics of the material. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the deterioration of GFRP material in composite insulator rods due to moisture degradation.
Entanglement and teleportation in quantum key distribution for secure wireless systems
Authors: Ahammed Md. Ferdous , Kadir Mohammad Ismat
Published: March 2024

Entanglement‐assisted quantum key distribution (QKD) has attracted significant attention for its ability to provide highly secure wireless systems. This work explores the employment of quantum teleportation and the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) in entanglement‐assisted QKD to enhance security. By integrating the concepts of entanglement, teleportation, and QFT, the key distribution strategy is significantly improved, leading to more secure communication. The system has been thoroughly tested for quantum bit error rate, secure key rate, and reconciliation efficiency. The results show that this technique outperforms the standard BB84 protocol. Based on their simulations, this protocol appears to be a promising technique for providing quantum‐level security to next‐generation wireless communication systems.
The hybrid algorithms in constrained optimization of the permanent magnet motors
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz , Devarapalli Ramesh , Gillon Frederic
Published: March 2024

Here, different hybrid optimization algorithms have been applied to the constrained optimization of the line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motor. The optimal results for the hybrid Cuckoo Search and hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization have been compared. In the primary objective function, the parameters describing motor functional parameters in the steady state have been included. Moreover, the non‐linear constraint function has been taken into account. The optimization procedures have been elaborated in the Delphi and Matlab environments. The mathematical model of the line‐start permanent magnet motor has been developed in the Maxwell environment. Selected optimization results are presented and discussed.
Feasibility of detecting shadows in disks induced by infall
Authors: Krieger A. , Kuffmeier M. , Reissl S. , Dullemond C. P. , Ginski C. , Wolf S.
Published: March 2024

Observations performed with high-resolution imaging techniques have revealed the existence of shadows in circumstellar disks that can be explained by the misalignment of an inner disk with respect to an outer one. The cause of misalignment, however, is still a matter of debate. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of observing shadows induced by one prominent scenario that may lead to misalignment, which involves the late infall of material onto a protostellar system. In particular, we used previously performed hydrodynamical simulations of such events and we generated flux maps in the visible, near-infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter wavelength ranges using Monte Carlo radiative transfer. Based on those results, we derived synthetic observations of these systems performed with the instruments SPHERE/VLT and ALMA, which we used as a basis for our subsequent analysis. We find that near-infrared observations with SPHERE are particularly well suited for detecting shadows via direct imaging alongside other features such as gaps, arcs, and streamers. On the contrary, performing a shadow detection based on reconstructed ALMA observations is very challenging due to the high sensitivity that is required for this task. Thus, in cases that allow for a detection, sophisticated analyses may be needed, for instance by the utilization of carefully constructed azimuthal profiles, aiding the search for potentially shallow shadows. Lastly, we conclude that a late infall-induced disk misalignment offers a plausible explanation for the emergence of shadows observed in various systems.
Algorithms for plant disease diagnostics by leaf image
Authors: Mirzaev N. , Radjabov S. , Nurmukhamedov T. , Parsiyev G. , Mirzaeva G.
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the task of detecting diseases of cultivated plants. When determining the phytosanitary status of cultivated plants, images of their leaves are considered as initial data. To solve the problem under consideration, a model of diagnostic algorithms based on two-dimensional threshold functions is proposed. The main idea of the proposed algorithms is to form a set of preferred diagnostic features and make decisions aimed at making a diagnosis based on a comparison of these features. The classification stages of the diagnostic algorithm model are presented. An assessment of the applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated using the example of solving the problem of diagnosing wheat diseases by leaf images. Keywords: diagnostic algorithms, basic image slices, diagnostic features, preferred features, calculation of the overall score.
Exponential Decay of Solutions of Damped Wave Equations in One Dimensional Space in the Lp Framework for Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Chitour Yacine , Nguyen Hoai-Minh
Published: March 2024

We establish the decay of the solutions of the damped wave equations in one dimensional space for the Dirichlet, Neumann, and dynamic boundary conditions where the damping coefficient is a function of space and time. The analysis is based on the study of the corresponding hyperbolic systems associated with the Riemann invariants. The key ingredient in the study of these systems is the use of the internal dissipation energy to estimate the difference of solutions with their mean values in an average sense.
Chute et arrêt de ponte chez la poule de basse-cour
Authors: Zoller Graham
Published: March 2024

Les poules commencent à pondre dès 18 semaines d’âge et s’arrêtent généralement entre 6 et 7 ans. Les meilleures productrices pourront pondre jusqu’à 250 œufs la première année et une production d’œufs constante est un signe de bonne santé. De nombreux facteurs peuvent affecter la production d’œufs. L’identification d’une cause précise en cas de chute de ponte nécessite une démarche diagnostique rigoureuse reposant sur le recueil de commémoratifs précis et, selon les cas, sur la réalisation de tests de dépistage des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires ou d’imagerie diagnostique.
Periphere Nervenchirurgie
Authors: Megerle Kai , Bahm Jörg
Published: March 2024

In den letzten dreißig Jahren hat sich die Chirurgie an peripheren Nerven vermehrt zu
einem Schwerpunkt entwickelt, der Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus der Neurochirurgie,
Orthopädie, Plastischen und Handchirurgie anspricht. Die Interaktion der
chirurgischen Fächer mit Neurologen, Neuropathologen und Neuroradiologen ist dabei
sehr wichtig.
Pulsatilla und seine Differentialdiagnosen – Zu Recht so oft
verordnet oder nur nicht richtig hingeschaut?
Authors: Bitsch Manuela
Published: March 2024

Tierzucht orientiert sich am Markt. Demzufolge gibt es immer weniger
Gebrauchs- und immer mehr Begleithunde, deren einziger Lebensinhalt es
ist, zu gefallen, gestreichelt zu werden und Familienmitglied zu sein.
Es darf uns also nicht wundern, wenn wir in unseren Praxen immer
häufiger Tiere – vor allem Hunde – mit einer Pulsatilla-Konstitution
sehen.

Damit wir aber nicht alle netten, blonden, etwas verrückten Hündinnen
über einen Kamm scheren, sollten wir die Mittel, die alternativ zu
Pulsatilla in Frage kommen, ebenfalls kennen und gegebenenfalls
verordnen.

In meinem Überblick gehe ich auf die Konstitution von Pulsatilla ein und
zeige bei den Vergleichsmitteln die Gemeinsamkeiten und die
Unterscheidungsmöglichkeiten auf. Auch wenn ich sicher bin, dass sich
Intuition und Erfahrung oft bewähren, denke ich, dass uns diese Sicht
auf ein Mittel eventuell dann helfen kann, wenn unsere Intuition nicht
funktioniert hat.
RPE65-Associated Retinal Dystrophies: Phenotypes and Treatment Effects with Voretigene Neparvovec
Authors: Stingl Katarina , Priglinger Claudia , Herrmann Philipp
Published: March 2024

Retinal dystrophies linked to the RPE65 gene are mostly fast-progressing retinal diseases, with childhood onset of night blindness and progressive visual loss up to the middle adult age. Rare phenotypes linked to this gene are known with congenital stationary night blindness or slowly progressing retinitis pigmentosa, as well as an autosomal dominant c.1430A>G (p.Asp477Gly) variant. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the clinical phenotypes, as well as experience with the efficacy and safety of the approved gene augmentation therapy voretigene neparvovec.
Kommentar zum Artikel von S. Deininger et al.: Funktionelle
Ergebnisse peripherer Nervenverletzungen nach kindlichen suprakondylären
Humerusfrakturen: Vergleich operativer und konservativer
Behandlung
Authors: Hülsemann Wiebke
Published: March 2024

Ich gratuliere den Autoren zu den zu 100% guten Ergebnissen nach
konservativer Behandlung bei spontaner Besserung und nach operativer Therapie bei
ausbleibender Besserung. Das spricht für einen gut funktionierenden
Behandlungsalgorithmus. Auf zwei Aspekte möchte ich jedoch hinweisen.
Think outside the box! Inappetenz, Dyspnoe, Schnupfen – 3
ungewöhnliche Fallbeispiele
Authors: von Bremen Dörte , Hohmann Mima , Bitsch Manuela
Published: March 2024

In der Praxis begegnen uns gelegentlich Fälle, die auch die erfahrensten
Tierärzte vor Rätsel stellen. Wie auch in den folgenden 3 Fallberichten. Das
verbindende Element sind die überraschenden Hintergründe und unkonventionellen
Lösungen. Etwas, was sicherlich die meisten von uns schon erlebt haben. Diese
Fälle zeugen auch von der Notwendigkeit, hin und wieder einen Blick über den
Tellerrand zu wagen und „outside the box“ zu denken. Es gibt nichts, was es
nicht gibt!
Translation and Validation of the Albanian Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Kosovo
Authors: Shahiqi Donika Ilijazi , Kelmendi Jeta , Anic-Milosevic Sandra
Published: March 2024

Objective Modern orthodontics is shifting from being doctor centric to patient centric, and understanding the impact of malocclusion from patient's perspective is very important. To accomplish this, questionnaires that assess the psychosocial effects of malocclusion must be validated in the original language of the respondents. The purpose of this study is translation, validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) into the Albanian language.

Materials and Methods The PIDAQ questionnaire was translated into Albanian, back translated, pretested, cross-culturally adapted, and finally delivered to 130 subjects (38% males) aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 24.3 ± 3.7). A dentist, previously calibrated, evaluated the orthodontic treatment needs of each subject by using the dental health and aesthetics component of the Orthodontic Treatment Need Index (IOTN). In this study, the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity, and responsiveness were assessed.

Results Albanian version of PIDAQ shows satisfactory internal consistency (α ranging from 0.90 to 0.96) with high test–retest reliability (r > 0.98). The discriminant validity revealed that subjects with minor and severe malocclusion according to IOTN categorization had different PIDAQ scores (p < 0.001). Among the domains of PIDAQ, the subscale of dental self-confidence detected differences in psychosocial impact related to orthodontic treatment during the testing of responsiveness (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The PIDAQ in Albania showed strong psychometric characteristics. It is suitable for use in the Albanian cultural context.