bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘Outer Self’ and the ‘Inner Body’: Exteriorization of the Self in Cognitive Sciences
Authors: Menon Sangeetha
Published: December 2015

In current trends in cognitive sciences, the discussion on body crosses the classical divide between the body and the self in terms of nature and function. Embodiment theories have helped to bring in the importance of the role of subjective experiences to understand cognition, and place the process of knowing in a cultural and social context. This article is a critique of the growing trend in cognitive sciences, particularly in affective neurosciences, and approaches, to reduce the experiential self to a nonentity. It is shown that though the apparent goal is to highlight the inner qualitative nature of experience, what is happening in the background is a role reversal. The outer body becomes the inner self. The inner self becomes the outer body. The nature and functions of the self are founded on the body by theorizing embodiment as an alternate to neural reductionism. This article argues that one of the negative consequences of embodiment theories is that age-old concepts of freewill, character and moral choices become flimsy and fleeting in the process of embodying cognition.
The diagnostic performance of an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using serum and colostrum to determine the disease status of a Jersey dairy herd infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Authors: Jenvey Caitlin J. , Reichel Michael P. , Cockcroft Peter D.
Published: December 2015

Colostrum may have the ability to improve the diagnostic accuracy of some tests when compared to serum for important livestock diseases because of the high concentrations of immunoglobulins present within this sample type. The ELISA for Johne’s disease is one such test, as it suffers from low sensitivity when testing serum samples collected during the subclinical stage of infection. Blood and colostrum samples were collected from 34 Jersey dairy cows and tested for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) by ELISA. Fecal samples were also collected and tested by a high-throughput Johne’s polymerase chain reaction (HT-J PCR) assay and fecal culture (FC), with the latter being used as the reference test. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The HT-J PCR and FC results were also compared. Of the 34 cows in this study, 4 had FC results consistent with MAP infection. The HT-J PCR did not identify any FC-positive cows. Using a 1:20 dilution and sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio cutoff threshold of 0.15, the relative sensitivity values of both serum (AUC 0. 56) and colostrum (AUC 0.63) were 0%. With lower sample dilutions, the relative sensitivity values of serum were 0% (1:2, AUC 0.62; 1:5, AUC 0.55); however, the relative sensitivity value of colostrum was 75% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19–99%) at a dilution of 1:5, S/P ratio cutoff threshold of 0.15, and AUC of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.55–0.87). The testing of colostrum samples for MAP-specific antibodies by ELISA may provide improved identification of animals in the early stages of infection with MAP when compared with serum samples.
Enteric listeriosis in grazing steers supplemented with spoiled silage
Authors: García Juan A. , Micheloud Juan F. , Campero Carlos M. , Morrell Eleonora L. , Odriozola Ernesto R. , Moreira Ana R.
Published: December 2015

An outbreak of enteric listeriosis in steers that were fed spoiled silage is reported. The outbreak started 2 days after ~200 animals in a single paddock were given a supplement of spoiled silage. Forty animals (20%) were affected, and 13 (6.5%) died over a period of 10 days. Affected animals were recumbent, depressed, and had diarrhea with mucus and fibrin. Gross and microscopic findings in 3 animals that were subjected to autopsy included excess peritoneal fluid, congestion and edema of abomasum, suppurative enteritis and colitis, and suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis. Two strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated, one of serotype 1/2c from the gallbladder and one of serotype 1/2b from the spoiled silage. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal wall of 1 animal by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Clinical history and signs, gross and microscopic findings, bacterial isolation, and IHC results confirmed a diagnosis of enteric listeriosis. The source of infection was likely the spoiled silage.
Development and validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of total plasma immunoglobulins in healthy loggerhead sea (Caretta caretta) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Kaplan Amy J. , Stacy Nicole I. , Jacobson Elliott , Le-Bert Carolina R. , Nollens Hendrik H. , Origgi Francesco C. , Green Linda G. , Bootorabi Shadi , Bolten Alan , Hernandez Jorge A.
Published: December 2015

The quantification of circulating plasma immunoglobulins represents a valuable diagnostic tool in human and veterinary immunology, although its application is very limited in reptile medicine to date. The objectives of our study were the development and standardization of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the measurement of total plasma immunoglobulins (Igs; both IgM and IgY) in loggerhead sea turtles (LST; Caretta caretta; n = 254) and green turtles (GT; Chelonia mydas; n = 111), the establishment of reference intervals for Ig for both species, and the examination of associations between Ig and total protein (TP), condition index, and water temperature. The cELISA for Ig was successfully developed and optimized. Reference intervals for Ig were 0.38–0.94 g/dL in LST (median: 0.59 g/dL; range: 0.16–2.15 g/dL) and 0.40–0.85 g/dL in GT (median: 0.58 g/dL; range: 0.18–1.80 g/dL). In LST, there were positive linear relationships of Ig with TP, and TP with Ig and condition index, and a negative relationship of Ig with condition index. The positive linear relationships of Ig with TP, and TP with Ig were also identified in GT. These positive associations of Ig and TP were expected, as Ig represents fractions of TP, and TP reportedly increases with straight carapace length and weight. The negative association of Ig with condition index may indicate potential biological variations. The cELISA and reference intervals for total Ig of LST and GT presented herein have the potential to be useful as a diagnostic and research tool for sea turtle immunology.
Characterization of field strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in China by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis
Authors: Yan Zhuanqiang , Li Shengpeng , Xie Qingmei , Chen Feng , Bi Yingzuo
Published: December 2015

Nineteen strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; Gallid herpesvirus 1) were isolated from dead or diseased birds in chicken flocks from different areas of China between 2010 and 2014 and used to investigate ILTV epidemiology. These strains were characterized using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) patterns and sequence analysis of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene. PCR-RFLP analysis showed that the TK gene generated 2 patterns when digested with restriction endonuclease enzymes. Pattern A corresponded to 2 virulent field strains, while pattern B was characteristic of 2 virulent field strains, 15 low pathogenicity field strains, and all vaccine strains. Sequence analysis of the TK gene indicated that the messenger RNA polyadenylation signals could be identified in some isolates where amino acid 252 was threonine, and in those with methionine at that position. The present study has demonstrated that most of the outbreaks of ILT in China were caused either by low virulence strains or by vaccine-related strains, and also emphasizes the importance of reinforcing ILTV surveillance in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated flocks.
Examining factors that may influence accurate measurement of testosterone in sea turtles
Authors: Graham Katherine M. , Mylniczenko Natalie D. , Burns Charlene M. , Bettinger Tammie L. , Wheaton Catharine J.
Published: December 2015

Differences in reported testosterone concentrations in male sea turtle blood samples are common in the veterinary literature, but may be accounted for by differences in sample handling and processing prior to assay. Therefore, our study was performed to determine best practices for testosterone analysis in male sea turtles ( Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas). Blood samples were collected into 5 collection tube types, and assay validation and measured testosterone concentrations were compared across different sample storage (fresh, refrigerated 1 week, or frozen), extraction (unextracted or ether-extracted), and processing treatment (untreated, homogenized, or dissociation reagent) conditions. Ether-extracted and dissociation reagent–treated samples validated in all conditions tested and are recommended for use, as unextracted samples validated only if assayed fresh. Dissociation reagent treatment was simpler to perform than ether extraction and resulted in total testosterone concentrations ~2.7–3.5 times greater than free testosterone measured in ether-extracted samples. Sample homogenization did not affect measured testosterone concentrations, and could be used to increase volume in gelled samples. An annual seasonal testosterone increase was observed in both species when ether extraction or dissociation reagent treatment was used. Annual deslorelin implant treatments in a Chelonia mydas male resulted in suppression of seasonal testosterone following the fourth treatment. Seasonal testosterone patterns resumed following discontinuation of deslorelin. Comparison of in-house and commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits revealed similar patterns of seasonal testosterone increases and deslorelin-induced suppression. Our study highlights the importance of methodological validation and provides laboratorians with best practices for testosterone enzyme immunoassay in sea turtles.
Evaluation of an in-practice wet-chemistry analyzer using canine and feline serum samples
Authors: Irvine Katherine L. , Burt Kay , Papasouliotis Kostas
Published: December 2015

A wet-chemistry biochemical analyzer was assessed for in-practice veterinary use. Its small size may mean a cost-effective method for low-throughput in-house biochemical analyses for first-opinion practice. The objectives of our study were to determine imprecision, total observed error, and acceptability of the analyzer for measurement of common canine and feline serum analytes, and to compare clinical sample results to those from a commercial reference analyzer. Imprecision was determined by within- and between-run repeatability for canine and feline pooled samples, and manufacturer-supplied quality control material (QCM). Total observed error (TEobs) was determined for pooled samples and QCM. Performance was assessed for canine and feline pooled samples by sigma metric determination. Agreement and errors between the in-practice and reference analyzers were determined for canine and feline clinical samples by Bland–Altman and Deming regression analyses. Within- and between-run precision was high for most analytes, and TEobs(%) was mostly lower than total allowable error. Performance based on sigma metrics was good (σ > 4) for many analytes and marginal (σ > 3) for most of the remainder. Correlation between the analyzers was very high for most canine analytes and high for most feline analytes. Between-analyzer bias was generally attributed to high constant error. The in-practice analyzer showed good overall performance, with only calcium and phosphate analyses identified as significantly problematic. Agreement for most analytes was insufficient for transposition of reference intervals, and we recommend that in-practice–specific reference intervals be established in the laboratory.
Constructivist Simultaneous Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder, Trauma, and Addiction Comorbidity
Authors: Johansen Ayna B. , Tavakoli Shedeh , Bjelland Ingerid , Lumley Mark
Published: December 2015

This qualitative case study explored one client’s recovery from borderline personality disorder, trauma, and problem gambling. The client attended 18 months of integrative treatment and was followed for 5 years. The study included 106 data points of both client and therapist data. We identified three phases to treatment. First, alliance formation and normalization appeared as mechanisms, and the client experienced dependence. Second, working alliance and countertransference appeared as mechanisms, and the client experienced reduced gambling and suicidal ideation. Third, external controls and increased opportunity appeared as mechanisms, and “moving into the world” was the client experience. The findings give preliminary support to a phase-based constructivist treatment including trauma assessment to normalize self-feelings, countertransference work to support motivation for restraint, and case management principles to support continuity of change efforts.
Fundamental mechanical behaviors of dental restorative materials resin composites due to compressive and flexural loading and internal damage evaluation
Authors: Mizuno Mamoru
Published: December 2015

Development of internal damage within resin composites was evaluated under compressive loading in order to predict crack initiation and fracture. Moreover, three-point bending tests were also carried out in order to clarify mechanical behavior and fracture under tensile stress state in comparison with those under compressive stress state. Both of them were conducted for the purpose of obtaining data to formulate constitutive equations for resin composites and to implement precise numerical simulation. Columnar specimens for compression tests and square pole specimens for three-point bending tests were prepared by using clinical resin composites. In compression tests, loading–unloading (or –reloading) was given to columnar specimens and Young’s modulus was evaluated by the gradient of stress–strain curves under unloading. Internal damage was evaluated from the variation of Young’s modulus as a scalar damage variable based on the continuum damage mechanics. The variation of apparent density and residual strain at vanished stress were also discussed in association with the development of internal damage. Accumulation of internal damage was found on the stress–strain curve under loading–unloading–reloading in comparison with the curve under monotonic loading. On the other hand, in three-point bending tests, dependence of stress–strain curves on light curing time and strain rate was clarified. Since compression tests have been carried out under similar experimental conditions by authors so far, mechanical behaviors of resin composites under tensile stress state were discussed in comparison with those under compressive stress state. Brittleness under tensile stress state was indicated in comparison with compressive stress state.
Using Event-Level Data to Test the Effect of Verbal Leader Behavior on Follower Leadership Perceptions and Job Performance: A Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Zohar Dov , Polachek Tal
Published: December 2015

Given recent calls for enhancing multilevel leadership research, the present study uses event-level data to test the proposition that follower leadership perceptions result from aggregated personal observations of leader behavior. Although this proposition implies causality, it has been mostly tested with between-person retrospective data, coupled with correlational study designs. Our data refer to the perceived nature of leadership messages communicated during the most recent conversation with followers. These event-level data were used in a feedback intervention coupled with goal setting and population norms devised to change leader verbal behavior. The study was designed as a randomized field experiment in a manufacturing company in which supervisors in the experimental group received two feedback sessions regarding the extent to which conversation participants perceived their messages as transformative, transactive (corrective), or passive. Supervisors in the control group received no feedback. The data indicated significant changes in verbal leader behavior for experimental group supervisors, remaining unchanged in the control group. Such changes resulted in matching changes in follower leadership perceptions, measured 8 weeks before and after the intervention. Furthermore, performance outcomes improved in the experimental group, remaining unchanged in the control group. Implications for leadership research are discussed.
Increasing Immunization Compliance by Reducing Provisional Admittance
Authors: Davis Wendy S. , Varni Susan E. , Barry Sara E. , Frankowski Barbara L. , Harder Valerie S.
Published: December 2015

Students in Vermont with incomplete or undocumented immunization status are provisionally admitted to schools and historically had a calendar year to resolve their immunization status. The process of resolving these students’ immunization status was challenging for school nurses. We conducted a school-based quality improvement effort to increase student compliance with Vermont immunization regulations using a collaborative learning approach with public health school liaisons and school nurses from public schools to reduce provisional admittance in 2011–2012. Strategies included using a tracking system, accessing the immunization registry, promoting immunization importance, tracking immunization plans, and working with medical homes to update records. Participating school nurses observed decreases in the number of provisionally admitted students, although this reduction was not significantly different than matched comparison schools. We also found the number of provisionally admitted students fluctuated throughout the year and resolving the immunization status of New Americans and exchange students required special attention. Our approach supports the coordinated school health model and demonstrates the critical role school nurses play in improving population health outcomes.
Rare Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Broad Ligament
Authors: Miyoshi Ai , Miyatake Takashi , Hara Takeya , Komiya Shinnosuke , Komura Naoko , Tanaka Asuka , Kanao Serika , Takeda Masumi , Mimura Mayuko , Nagamatsu Masaaki , Yamasaki Masaru , Yokoi Takeshi
Published: December 2015

Malignant primary tumors arising in the uterine broad ligament are extremely rare, and only 26 cases have been reported to date. We describe 2 new cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the broad ligament, and we review the previous literature on such rare tumors. In Case 1, a 71-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of increased yellow vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain during bowel movement. Transvaginal sonography revealed a 6.5 cm mass located on the dorsum of the uterus and a 7.0 cm mass (with cystic and solid parts) near the right adnexa. We postoperatively diagnosed the mass as a high-grade serous carcinoma of the broad ligament (pT3cNXM0). The patient is currently receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. In Case 2, during a complete medical checkup a 43-year-old woman was found to have a pelvic mass indicative of leiomyoma. Transvaginal sonography revealed a 3.8 cm mass located on the dorsum of the uterus. Following surgery, we diagnosed the mass as a clear cell adenocarcinoma of the broad ligament (pT2bN1M0). This patient is also now receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin.
Lives & Legacies
Authors: Hsiung Ping-Chun
Published: December 2015

Over the last decade, academic institutions around the globe have archived qualitative data. While scholars have deliberately used them for research purposes, insufficient attention has been directed to their utility for the teaching of qualitative research (QR). In this article, I will discuss how I have used 39 interview transcripts of new immigrants to Canada to develop Lives & Legacies, an online digital courseware available free of charge through Open Access to advance the teaching and learning of qualitative interviewing (QI) for students and other novice researchers. After discussing challenges in teaching QI, I identify four pedagogical principles I have used and draw examples from the courseware to demonstrate their applications. I also discuss the transgressive potentials of using Open Access and a digital format for the courseware. I conclude this article by discussing the future prospects of using archival qualitative data in the teaching/learning of QR.
Urban Governance and the American Political Development Approach
Authors: Lucas Jack
Published: December 2015

This article outlines the value of the American Political Development (APD) approach for scholars of urban governance. Despite recent enthusiasm for APD, I argue that the tools of the APD approach have not yet been clearly articulated or demonstrated for urban scholars. By combining the concept of “intercurrence” with a methodological focus on shifts in urban political authority, APD allows us to capture the dynamics of urban governance in tractable ways. This approach focuses on the historical construction of urban governance and the patterns of political authority that are embodied by those governance structures—long a key theme in the study of urban politics. I illustrate the promise of the APD approach in urban governance using a study of policy institutions in six Canadian cities and five policy domains from the nineteenth century to the present. I then discuss four specific areas of research to which an APD approach to urban governance will be especially well equipped to contribute.
Nonclinical Safety Assessment of SYN-004
Authors: Kokai-Kun John F. , Bristol J. Andrew , Setser John , Schlosser Michael
Published: December 2015

SYN-004 is a first in class, recombinant β-lactamase that degrades β-lactam antibiotics and has been formulated to be administered orally to patients receiving intravenous β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins. SYN-004 is intended to degrade unmetabolized antibiotics excreted into the intestines and thus has the potential to protect the gut microbiome from disruption by these antibiotics. Protection of the gut microbiome is expected to protect against opportunistic enteric infections such as Clostridium difficile infection as well as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In order to demonstrate that oral SYN-004 is safe for human clinical trials, 2 Good Laboratory Practice-compliant toxicity studies were conducted in Beagle dogs. In both studies, SYN-004 was administered orally 3 times per day up to the maximum tolerated dose of the formulation. In the first study, doses of SYN-004 administered over 28 days were safe and well tolerated in dogs with the no-observed-adverse-effect level at the high dose of 57 mg/kg/day. Systemic absorption of SYN-004 was minimal and sporadic and showed no accumulation during the study. In the second study, doses up to 57 mg/kg/day were administered to dogs in combination with an intravenous dose of ceftriaxone (300 mg/kg) given once per day for 14 days. Coadministration of oral SYN-004 with intravenous ceftriaxone was safe and well tolerated, with SYN-004 having no noticeable effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone. These preclinical studies demonstrate that SYN-004 is well tolerated and, when coadministered with ceftriaxone, does not interfere with its systemic pharmacokinetics. These data supported advancing SYN-004 into human clinical trials.
Multiple-Group Analysis of Similarity in Latent Profile Solutions
Authors: Morin Alexandre J.S. , Meyer John P. , Creusier Jordane , Biétry Franck
Published: December 2015

Despite the increased popularity of person-centered analyses, no comprehensive approach exists to guide the systematic investigation of the similarity (or generalizability) of latent profiles, their predictors, and their outcomes across subgroups of participants or time points. We propose a six-step process to assess configural (number of profiles), structural (within-profile means), dispersion (within-profile variability), distributional (size of the profiles), predictive (relations between predictors and profile membership), and explanatory (relations between profile membership and outcomes) similarity. We then apply this approach to data on organizational commitment mindsets collected in North America (n = 492) and France (n = 476). This approach provides a rigorous method to systematically and quantitatively assess the extent to which a latent profile solution generalizes across diverse samples, such as in the cross-national comparison in our illustrative example, or the extent to which interventions or naturalistic changes may impact the nature of a latent profile solution. This approach also helps to identify the nature of any differences that might be present, thus providing richer interpretations of observed differences and ideas for future research.
Is corporate social responsibility a new spirit of capitalism?
Authors: Kazmi Bahar Ali , Leca Bernard , Naccache Philippe
Published: December 2015

Our study casts doubt on whether the managerial literature on corporate social responsibility is currently capable of developing a persuasive discourse to bring about change in corporate capitalism. By applying the framework and methodology of the spirit of capitalism, introduced by Boltanski and Chiapello, to a corpus of managerial books, we suggest that corporate social responsibility exhibits the core characteristics that together exemplify the ‘spirit of capitalism’. However, corporate social responsibility deals inadequately with the two key characteristics of the spirit of capitalism—security and fairness—by disregarding individual security and tangible rewards for workers who play decisive roles in enacting the spirit. The lack of consideration for workers could weaken the potential of corporate social responsibility to grow into a new spirit of capitalism and to bring about changes envisioned by critical management studies in corporate capitalism.
Thermohydrostatic analysis of hybrid journal bearing compensated by constant flow valve operating with micropolar lubricant
Authors: Khatak Pankaj , Garg HC
Published: December 2015

This research article deals with numerical study of micropolar lubrication in constant flow valve compensated hole entry hybrid journal bearing by considering the thermal effects. The bearing performance characteristics are computed by the solution of modified Reynolds, three-dimensional energy, and three-dimensional conduction equations. The results obtained numerically indicate that bearing performance is significantly affected by increase in temperature. Hence it is imperative to consider the thermal effects for bearing operating with micropolar lubrication to generate realistic bearing characteristic data.
Electric vehicle deployment in urban areas
Authors: Nanaki Evanthia A. , Xydis G. A. , Koroneos C. J.
Published: December 2015

The transportation sector accounts for approximately one-fifth of global primary energy use and one quarter of all energy related carbon dioxide emissions, with nearly half of those emissions originating from passenger vehicles. In order to reduce significantly the use of fossil fuels in urban mobility, whilst improving air quality and increasing the accessibility and attractiveness of urban areas, it is necessary to increase the use of non-conventionally fuelled vehicles for passenger and freight transport in urban areas. The introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) is a promising option, so as to achieve decarbonisation objectives, energy security, improved urban air quality and to increase energy efficiency. However, there are a number of challenges for the large-scale deployment of EV both on global and European level. These, in particular, are the high cost of the battery, lack of a standardised recharging infrastructure, relatively low range of battery electric vehicles or lack of interesting value proposition for consumers. A few studies have attempted to calculate the costs and benefits of EVs, but none consider the cost and benefits of EVs at a level of detail comparable to what has been performed for other vehicle technologies. This study constructs the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of EVs, based on real data from the auto-industry, in order to assess the costs and benefits as well as the potentiality of electro-mobility deployment in urban areas.
Examining Islamic religiosity and civic engagement in Melbourne
Authors: Vergani Matteo , Johns Amelia , Lobo Michele , Mansouri Fethi
Published: December 2015

With geopolitical concerns surrounding the rise of militant, transnational groups who draw on Islamic texts for legitimacy, the place of Islam in western societies has become a source of anxiety, fear and suspicion. The central concern is whether Muslims living in the West have the capacity to become fully active citizens. This article uses quantitative and qualitative methods to examine whether Islamic religiosity is a predictor for civic engagement and active citizenship among Muslims living in Melbourne, Australia. The findings show that organized religiosity can be a strong predictor of civic engagement, countering the discourses that demonize Islam as a source of radicalization and social disengagement. While the findings show that suspicion of divisive forces and lack of trust in public institutions might prevent some young Muslims from engaging in formal political participation, grassroots civic engagement enables Muslims to demonstrate care and feel like active citizens of the Australian community without compromising core religious values.
Neck seatbelt sign suspicion of injury score derived from emergency physician diagnostic imaging practice
Authors: Langdorf Mark I , Beier Lancelot , Youseffian Arthur , Anderson Craig L , Iqbal Anum , Kashi Mayur , Lotfipour Shahram , Chakravarthy Bharath
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Neck abrasion/contusions from seatbelts after motor vehicle collisions may be associated with underlying bony or vascular injury. The decision to order imaging is highly subjective, and the yield is low. To date, there is no objective guidance in the literature regarding which patients need imaging. The aim of this study was to derive a scoring system from physical characteristics of seatbelt contusion photographs, based on emergency physician (EP) decisions to order imaging.

Methods

A survey of a convenience sample of practicing and academic EPs, given five photographs of a spectrum of seatbelt contusions and a standard brief patient description. Respondents were asked whether and which imaging they would perform for each photo. Respondents rated photos for overall clinical concern for underlying injury and for concern regarding color, size, depth, texture and location on a five-point Likert scale. Logistic regression to assess associations between these five features and overall clinical concern, and the strength of association between features, overall concern, and decision to image was conducted.

Results

Overall, 97 respondents (24% of those surveyed) provided 425 imaging decisions and 95% would image at least one hypothetical patient. However, 40% would not image at least one of the five patients. Decision to image for five photos ranged from 20.0% to 90.6%. Intra-class correlation coefficient for decision to image was fair (0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.79), indicating variability in practice, and highlighting need for a scoring system. Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography were used most often for bony and vascular imaging. A 12-point severity scoring system based on location, depth, size and color is proposed. This scale had strong correlation with decision to image (Pearson r = 0.94).

Conclusion

Physician practice shows variability in decision to image patients with neck seatbelt contusions after motor vehicle trauma. A proposed severity scoring system may begin to promote evidence based practice.
Effect of cation-exchange bentonite on properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composites
Authors: H El-Sabbagh Salwa , Mahmoud Doaa S , Ahmed Nivin M , Sabaa Magdy W
Published: December 2015

The present work focuses on exchanging the sodium in Na-bentonite by single (Mg, Zn and Sr) and double (Zn–Mg, Mg–Sr and Zn–Sr) cations to induce the cation-exchange process. Different cation-exchange bentonites (CEBs) were used as reinforcing fillers with different loadings in acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) composites. Curing characteristics, mechanical properties, morphology and swelling behaviour were determined. The study revealed that the performances of Mg bentonite and Mg–Sr bentonite were the best among the tested groups, while Sr bentonite showed the least performance, indicating that addition of Mg deteriorates the reinforcing efficiency of Sr. Moreover, it was observed that the preparation of some CEBs co-intercalated with a surfactant (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)) using cation-exchange process was done, and in this part there was a focus on the effect of CTAB surfactant content ratio (0.5CEC) on the CEBs and their influence on the properties of NBR composites.
Journalistic evidence: Cross-verification as a constituent of mediated knowledge
Authors: Godler Yigal , Reich Zvi
Published: December 2015

Journalists apparently maneuver between their inability to validate every single bit of information and the ramifications of publishing unverified reports. This study is the first attempt to uncover and characterize the reasoning which underlies the journalistic journey from skepticism to knowledge. We draw on the philosophical field of the ‘epistemology of testimony’ and analyze a robust data set. Data consist of detailed cross-verification measures – a reification of journalistic skepticism – underlying a large sample of individual news items in Israeli print, radio, online, and television news ( N = 847), following a reconstruction of work processes. Far from being passive recipients of second-hand information, we theorize that reporters make systematic use of ‘evidence of (sources’) evidence’ – a common but previously unarticulated evidence type.
Rethinking creativity in journalism: Implicit theories of creativity in the Finnish magazine industry
Authors: Malmelin Nando , Nivari-Lindström Lotta
Published: December 2015

This article explores conceptions of creativity in the media industry, specifically among professionals of journalism working in the magazine industry. It contributes to the development of the theory of creativity from a media industry perspective and produces new conceptual knowledge about creative media work. The article finds that in the magazine industry, journalistic creativity is understood as a practical and multidimensional concept that can be interpreted and applied in many different ways. The different conceptions of creativity reflect both the traditions of the journalistic profession and the challenges now faced by the media and the magazine industry. It is concluded that creative work in the magazine industry is typically goal driven, commercially minded and collaboratively oriented. Also, creative work in the magazine industry is characterized by ongoing processes of gradual reinvention. Other major creative challenges include the development of new ways of working, new media products and new commercial solutions.
Hip fracture risk in patients with dementia in German primary care practices
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Jacob Louis , Schaum Peter , Rapp Michael A , Kostev Karel
Published: December 2015

The aim was to analyze the risk of hip fracture in German primary care patients with dementia. This study included patients aged 65–90 from 1072 primary care practices who were first diagnosed with dementia between 2010 and 2013. Controls were matched (1:1) to cases for age, sex, and type of health insurance. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of hip fracture during the three-year follow-up period. A total of 53,156 dementia patients and 53,156 controls were included. A total of 5.3% of patients and 0.7% of controls displayed hip fracture after three years. Hip fracture occurred more frequently in dementia subjects living in nursing homes than in those living at home (9.2% versus 4.3%). Dementia, residence in nursing homes, and osteoporosis were risk factors for fracture development. Antidementia, antipsychotic, and antidepressant drugs generally had no significant impact on hip fracture risk when prescribed for less than six months. Dementia increased hip fracture risk in German primary care practices.
‘The nourishing soil of the soul’: The role of horticultural therapy in promoting well-being in community-dwelling people with dementia
Authors: Noone Sarah , Innes Anthea , Kelly Fiona , Mayers Andrew
Published: December 2015

Two-thirds of people with dementia reside in their own homes; however, support for community-dwelling people with dementia to continue to participate in everyday activities is often lacking, resulting in feelings of depression and isolation among people living with the condition. Engagement in outdoor activities such as gardening can potentially counteract these negative experiences by enabling people with dementia to interact with nature, helping to improve their physical and psychological well-being. Additionally, the collaborative nature of community gardening may encourage the development of a sense of community, thereby enhancing social integration. Despite increasing evidence supporting its therapeutic value for people with dementia in residential care, the benefits of horticultural therapy have yet to be transposed into a community setting. This paper will examine the theoretical support for the application of horticultural therapy in dementia care, before exploring the potential of horticultural therapy as a means of facilitating improved physical and psychological well-being and social integration for people living with dementia within the community.
No one wants to help them: Volunteer legal guardians assisting older adults in the community
Authors: Jones Andrea L , Pastor Diane K
Published: December 2015

Choosing to volunteer one’s time in service to another is one of life’s selfless endeavors. Social work practice often intersects with volunteers. Many social workers volunteer their time. Yet, when volunteerism is studied from a quantitative framework, findings may overlook what is so special in this prosocial act, the voices of the volunteers. This article reports on the qualitative findings in a pilot mixed methods research study exploring a group of volunteers who chose to assist incapacitated older and disabled adults in their community by acting as their legal guardians. Volunteer legal guardianship may serve as the only guardian option in many localities, and may be greatly needed as our population ages. Qualitative data from 15 first and second individual interviews ( n = 12) were analyzed using a thematic analysis process. Findings indicated a strong humanitarian and civic interest in helping their neighbors in their community. Moreover, volunteers performed a wide variety of tasks in their capacity as guardians along a continuum related to their professional background and skills, an important finding relative to informing recruitment and retention strategies. Volunteer guardians trained in human service–related professions tended to require little information or support throughout the process. Those without human service training tended to request more information and support. However, many became increasingly independent in the task as their experience and competence grew. Additional implications include an understanding of this previously unexplored volunteer task, which may encourage use of and support training of volunteer guardians in aging and allied services.
Exploring the impact of digital technologies on professional responsibilities and education
Authors: Fenwick Tara , Edwards Richard
Published: December 2015

Digital technologies in combination with ‘big’ data and predictive analytics are having a significant impact upon professional practices at individual, organisational, national and international levels. The interplay of code, algorithms and big data are increasingly pervasive in the governing, leadership and practices of different professional groups. They are reshaping the relationships between professional grouping and between professionals and their clients/users/students. New forms of accountability and responsibility are emerging as a result of these trends, raising important questions about culpability and decision-making in professional practice. However, to date, despite the introduction of many professional codes on the use of digital data and social media, these issues have received limited examination in research addressing professional education. This article aims to explore some of these trends, how they are manifested in different professions and what might be the educational implications. Our argument is that new digital technologies are reconfiguring professional practice and responsibility, but that the education of professionals has yet to adequately reflect these changes.
The imperative to protect data and the rise of surveillance cameras in administering national testing in Russia
Authors: Piattoeva Nelli
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the effects of the datafication and digitalisation of education policy in the context of the Russian Federation. It taps into the policies and practices invented as a result of rising audit cultures and the scientisation and datafication of education governance. These processes turn sites of public examinations into sites of numerical data production on education, and make school systems accountable to data production. The article draws on the notions of power and the non-human object, as developed by Actor-Network-Theory scholars, in order to make sense of the recent introduction of obligatory video surveillance equipment during public examinations. The article argues that demands for accountability and data objectivity have led to a complex surveillance regime – a surveillance assemblage – that leads to intensifying observation through various technical means and new data, i.e. data on data production. Video surveillance is called upon to act as a mediator that translates and holds parts of the fragile assessment-network together by coercing each participant into the role of docile data producer. The introduction of video surveillance manifests and endorses a deep mistrust of the human being, translates data objectivity into a procedural matter and opens up new business opportunities for commercial surveillance and security sectors.
Preparation and performance control of poly(lactic acid) fiber/polyurethane composite porous biomimetic-aligned scaffolds
Authors: Feng Jianyong
Published: December 2015

Because of important potential and application prospect of aligned scaffolds in tissue engineering, it is necessary to prepare aligned scaffolds different from previous methods. We have prepared poly(lactic acid) fiber/polyurethane adhesive composite-aligned scaffolds by 1000 poly(lactic acid) melt parallel arrangement fibers and different polyurethane contents at 5, 10, 20, 25, and 30% separately. It can be found that polyurethane contents have great influence on bonding effect between fiber and adhesive, surface and cross-sectional morphology, thickness, weight, contact angle, stress and strain, pore diameter, porosity, pore interconnectivity, water absorption, and gelatin impregnation. The maximum of pore diameter and porosity of aligned scaffolds can be achieved to 64.24 µm and 66.67% by controlling poly(lactic acid) fiber parallel arrangement and polyurethane adhesive content. Moreover, the ultimate stresses of aligned scaffolds are 3.47 MPa along length direction and 1.02 MPa in width direction. Each composite-aligned scaffold has better fiber parallel arrangement, pore structure, and stress.
Legislative Responsiveness to Constituency Change
Authors: Miler Kristina
Published: December 2015

Across democracies, elected officials are expected to represent their constituents, but how do legislators react to changes in their constituency? This core question of legislative responsiveness is examined in the context of the bicameral U.S. Congress where more than 100 legislators have served in both chambers since 1960. These chamber-changers provide a unique vantage point for examining constituency representation, including competing expectations based on the electoral connection and the ideological stability of legislative voting. Based on analyses of original data, I find overwhelming evidence of legislative responsiveness to both constituency change and constituency stability. Moreover, when legislators’ constituencies change, they respond by changing their behavior in ways that reflect both the direction and magnitude of constituency change.
Herbal Compound Songyou Yin and Moderate Swimming Suppress Growth and Metastasis of Liver Cancer by Enhancing Immune Function
Authors: Zhang Quan-Bao , Meng Xiang-Ting , Jia Qing-An , Bu Yang , Ren Zheng-Gang , Zhang Bo-Heng , Tang Zhao-You
Published: December 2015

Objective. Both the Chinese herbal compound Songyou Yin (SYY) and swimming exercise have been shown to have protective effects against liver cancer in animal models. In this study, we investigated whether SYY and moderate swimming (MS) have enhanced effect on suppressing progression of liver cancer by immunomodulation. Methods. C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with Hepa1-6 murine liver cancer cell lines and received treatment with SYY alone or SYY combined with MS. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive metastatic foci in lungs were imaged with a stereoscopic fluorescence microscope. Flow cytometry was used to test the proportion of CD4 +, CD8 + T cells in peripheral blood and the proportions of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and tumor tissues. Cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 level in serum was detected by ELISA. Results. SYY plus MS significantly suppressed the growth and lung metastasis of liver cancer and prolonged survival in tumor-burdened mice. SYY plus MS markedly raised the CD4 to CD8 ratio in peripheral blood and lowered the serum TGF-β1 level and the proportions of Treg cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and tumor tissue. The effects of the combined intervention were significantly superior to SYY or MS alone. Conclusion. The combined application of SYY and MS exerted an enhanced effect on suppressing growth and metastasis of liver cancer by strengthening immunity.
Principals’ Perceptions of Needs in Hispanic Special Education
Authors: Roberts Maria B. , Guerra Federico
Published: December 2015

This mixed methods study used a survey by Frost and Kersten to answer the following questions: (a) Do principals of predominantly Hispanic schools perceive themselves as having adequate knowledge in special education? (b) Which areas are these principals most involved in with special education teachers? (c) What suggestions do these principals have for principal preparation programs? Their most frequent recommendation was instruction in the area of special education laws, Section 504, and Response to Intervention.