bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volcanic history of the Lower Tertiary plateau basalts in the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland
Authors: Watt W.S , Larsen L.M , Watt M
Published: June 2021

The extensive plateau basalt lava pile in the Scoresby Sund region has a stratigraphic thickness of 3200 m and an overall average thickness of 1500 m. The pile thins inland from the Atlantic coast and laps onto basement gneisses and Jurassic sediments in the inner fjord region. The lavas are divisible into five formations which form two separate lava sequences. The lower sequence is best developed in the inner fjord region, while the upper sequence dominates the regions near the Atlantic coast. The sequences are interpreted as produced in two vo\canic episodes in connection with failed rifting episodes during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. At the Atlantic coast remains of a third separate lava sequence apparently forrned during active spreading.
Review of the Survey's activities in 1985
Authors: Ghisler M
Published: June 2021

The systematic investigation of the geology of Greenland for the State was continued in 1985 by the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU). The investigations encompassed basic research and geological mapping as well as investigations in applied disciplines. Field work, mainly in the months of June, July and August, was carried out by seventy-five scientists and technicians, half of whom belong to the Survey's staff. In addition to the GGU parties several groups from other institutions worked in close collaboration with GGU. The areas of field activity reported on in 1985 are indicated on fig. 1. During 1985 the Survey was partly reorganised, and it is now built up of six main units: Department of Stratigraphy and Structural Geology, Department of Precambrian Geology, Department of Geochemistry, Department of Mineral Resources, Department of Petroleum Geology and Department of Glaciology and Glacial Geology. The administration, computing facilities and editorial staff are directly responsible to the Director.
Field observations around northern Godthåbsfjord, southern west Greenland
Authors: Garde A.A
Published: June 2021

Mapping for the Fiskefjord map sheet was continued (Garde, 1984) for eight weeks in 1985. The author was first accompanied by F. Kalsbeek, and continued with H. K. Olsen and then J. Sangstad as assistants. The GGU cutter J. F. Johnstrup and a Jet Ranger helicopter on day charter from Nuuk provided logistic support. Mapping was carried out in the eastern part of the map sheet area along the coasts of Godthåbsfjord and Qugssuk, and on the peninsula Ivnarssuaq towards the eastem map sheet boundary at 50° 54'W (fig. 1).
Malene stratigraphy and late Archaean structure: new data from Ivisârtoq, inner Godthåbsfjord, southern West Greenland
Authors: Chadwick B
Published: June 2021

This report summarises the principal results of a six-week study of some critical areas in Ivisârtoq (part of the Ivisârtoq region, 65 V. 2 Nord; fig. 1) by a two-man expedition (the writer and his undergraduate assistant) during the summer of 1985, a period of exceptionally good weather. Our objective was to complete the field programme of a team from the University of Exeter (Chadwick et al., 1983; Brewer et al., 1984) which had been seriously disrupted by bad weather in 1983. The main thrust of the field work in 1985 was to investigate the geometry of the late Archaean system of dornes of gneisses and intervening synclinal cusps of Malene supracrustal rocks which dominates the structure of Ivisârtoq (figs 1,2). The fjeld mapping revealed important new details, not only of the structure but also of the Malene stratigraphy and the emplacement of granitic and basaltic magmas during the development of the system of dornes and synclines. Systematic geological investigations in the Ivisårtoq region began in 1976 (Allaart et al., 1977) and important contributions have been made by Hall & Friend (1979, 1983), Hall (1980, 1981) and Friend et al. (1981). Some preliminary results of investigations by the Exeter team have been reported by Brewer et al. (1984), Chadwick (1985), and Coe & Robertson (1984). Details of isotopic ages and petrogenesis of the gneisses and late Arehaean granites have been reported by Robertson (1985, in press).
Glaciological investigations at the margin of the Inland Ice north-east of Jakobshavn, West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H , Reeh N
Published: June 2021

Glaciological field investigations have been carried out on the Inland Ice north-east of Jakobshavn. The work is a part of the hydropower investigations at Påkitsoq in a drainage basin proposed for a local hydropower project.
Comment on shear zones in the Navarana Fjord Escarpment, J.P.Koch Fjord, central North Greenland
Authors: Peel J.S
Published: June 2021

The Navarana Fjord Escarpment is a major sedimentological feature of the Franklinian Basin in North Greenland. A southern sequence of Ordovician-Silurian shelf carbonates forming the escarpment itself is juxtaposed across a steep scarp slope with a northern deep-water trough succession dominated by sandstone turbidites. The relief of the scarp can be estimated to many hundred metres on the basis of present-day exposures along Navarana Fjord and J. P. Koch Fjord, central North Greenland.
Cambrian and Silurian sponges from North Greenland
Authors: Rigby J.K
Published: June 2021

Three genera of sponges are described for the first time from the Lower Palaeozoic of North Greenland. ?Vauxia gracilenta Walcott, 1920 and Choia hindei (Dawson, 1896) are reported from the Buen Formation of Early Cambrian age; the specimens of the latter species are the largest known examples of Choia. A single specimen from the Chester Bjerg Formation of Late Silurian age is described as Diagoniella mica sp. nov., and is the smallest known species of the genus.
Field work in 1986 in the Fiskefjord area, southern West Greenland
Authors: Garde A.A , Jensen S.B , Marker M
Published: June 2021

Field mapping of Archaean basement rocks for the Fiskefjord map sheet at the scale 1:100 000, initiated in 1980 (Garde & McGregor, 1982; Garde, 1984, 1986), was continued by four teams in June-August 1986. The authors worked along the outer coast and in the vicinity of Fiskefjord (fig. 1) supported by rubber dinghies and the GGU cutter J. F. Johnstrup. Mapping around the lake Quagssup taserssua and reconnaissance mapping on the northern parts of Bjørneøen and Storø was supported by a Bell Jet Ranger helicopter. V. R. McGregor continued his mapping at the south-western corner of the map sheet area for three weeks in August.
Regional geological investigations in the Ammassalik district, South-East Greenland
Authors: Kalsbeek F , Nielsen T.F.D
Published: June 2021

One of GGU's main expeditions in 1986 took place in July and August in the Ammassalik (Angmagssalik) district of South-East Greenland between 64° and 67°N (fig. 1). Until this summer the geology of this region was known only superficially, mainly from reconnaissance by Wager (1934), from local mapping projects by the University of Birmingham in the sixties and early seventies (Wright et al., 1973) and from coastal reconnaissance carried out by GGU under the direction of D. Bridgwater, mainly in the seventies (e.g. Bridgwater & Gormsen, 1968; Bridgwater et al., 1977; Bridgwater & Myers, 1979). The present work had two major aims: to provide regional data for the preparation of the 1:500 000 map sheet 14 and to obtain an impression of the area's economic mineral resources. Much of the summer's work was based on helicopter support which made it possibie to study large inland areas that had not been visited previously.
Glacier-hydrological conditions on the Inland Ice north-east of Jakobshavn/Ilulissat, West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H , Thorning L , Braithwaite R.J
Published: June 2021

The Greenland ice sheet, the Inland Ice, covers about 1.7 million km2 whichi is about 79% of Greenlands total area. The Inland Ice plays an important hydrological role, global as well as local. About 7% of the world's fresh water is stored here and the largest rivers in Greenland originale from the ice sheet.
Tourmaline in Precambrian supracrustal rocks from Aasiaat, central West Greenland
Authors: Appel P.W.U
Published: June 2021

Close to the town Aasiaat/Egedesminde supracrustal rocks outcrop on some small islands situated around the position 68°46'N and 52°38'W. The largest of these islands, Isuamiut, is barely a few kilometres long and the islands are situated more than 10 km from the mainland. an Isuamiut two tourmaline-rich layers or tourmalinites have been found (Ellitsgaard-Rasmussen, 1954). Tourmalinite is a peculiar rock type consisting mainly of tourmaline together with quartz, feldspar or mica, sometimes with appreciable amounts of sulphides andlorscheelite. The chemical composition of the tourmaline in tourmalinites is to some extent indicative of the genesis of the boron. I therefore decided to collect some samples of tourmaline on Isuamiut when passing the area on a boat journey along the west coast of Greenland during July 1987.
Glacier velocities from aerial photographs in North and North-East Greenland
Authors: Higgins A.K
Published: June 2021

General descriptions of the glaciers of North and North-East Greenland have been given by Koch (1928), Davies & Krinsley (1962) and Weidick (1975). These descriptions, however, provide little in the way of quimtitative data on glacier velocities, although Davies & Krinsley cancluded that a large number af glaciers and small ice caps in North Greenland exhibited stable conditions, with a significant number showing evidence of recent retreat. Comparisons of vertical aerial photographs taken in 1959-63, 1971 and 1978 permit measurements ef glacier velocity to be made on floating ice tongues which have preserved a distinctive surface pattern of meandering streams and crevasses. These show the largest glaciers draining the Inland Ice in North and North-East Greenland to have average velocities ranging from 300 to 900 m/year. This study of vertical aerial photographs has also demonstrated that for floating glacier tongues the position of the glacier terminus is not areliable indicator of advance or retreat. In the fjords of North Greenland semi-permanent sea ice often maintains the integrity of advancing floating glacier fronts for periods of ten to twenty years (Koch, 1928; Weidick, 1975); the break-up of the floating tongue in rare summers when the sea ice melts completely may give the impression of a sudden retreat, but this 'retreat' is unrelated to changes in the mass balance.
Mass balance, ice velocity and ice temperature at the Inland Ice margin north-east of Jakobshavn, central West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H
Published: June 2021

Glaciological field investigations were made on the Inland Ice north-east of Jakobshavn. The work is part of the hydropower investigations at Pâkitsoq in a drainage basin proposed for a local hydropower project. Brief reports of the work have been given by Thomsen (1983, 1984, 1985, 1986).
Mapping and modelling of glacier drainage in the Pâkitsoq basin, central West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H
Published: June 2021

Mapping of surface hydrology and modeIling of glacier hydraulicsat the margin of the Inland Ice north-east of Jakobshavn have been used for investigating glacier drainage. The work is part of the hydropower investigations at Pâkitsoq in a drainage basin proposed for a local hydropower project. Excluding its Inland Ice sector the basin covers an area of 33.6 km2 and is situated at about 200-600 m a.s.l. (fig. 1; Thomsen, 1988, fig. 1). The main part of the runoff from the basin is meltwater from the ice sheet draining through three lakes, 326, 233 and 187. Lake 187 and 233 are proposed as two separate reservoirs, with tunnels leading to the fjord north-west of the basin.
Field occurrence and petrology of deformed metabasite bodies in the Rinkian mobile belt, Umanak district, West Greenland
Authors: Schiøtte L
Published: June 2021

Tabular, pod-shaped and irregular discordant metabasite bodies intruding the Archaean gneisses in the Umanak district constitute a series of tholeiitic layered intrusions. The magma evolution was controlled by fractional crystallisation of olivine and Cr-spinel in the initial stages, quickly superseded by pyroxenes. Fractional crystallisation of orthopyroxene was of major significance during most of the igneous evolution. Cumulus plagioclase came in relatively late. The metabasite bodies are remarkably well differentiated, and differentiation in a common magma reservoir prior to emplacement is suggested. Trace element patterns and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics are compatibie with contamination in a crustal magma chamber. Crustal contamination during and after emplacement did not occur. The igneous layering gives rise to an asymmetry which enables recognition of inversion of metabasite bodies relative to each other after their intrusion thus establishing that at least one phase of recumbent folding postdates metabasite intrusion. Probably most of the large-scale recumbent folds that characterise the tectonic pattern in the Umanak district are of post-metabasite (Rinkian) age (about 1800-1900 Ma). The metabasite bodies owe their shape partly to primary irregularities, partly to boudinage on the limbs of recumbent folds. The Rinkian deformation was accompanied by amphibolite facies metamorphism which only weakly affected the metabasite bodies. Nevertheless they possess a dry metamorphic mineral assemblage which mayeither be auto-metamorphic or developed during the Rinkian deformation and metamorphism in a water deficient environment. Extensive re-equilibration of igneous minerals (particularly pyroxenes) is characteristic of this dry metamorphism. Moreover plagioclase in the olivine bearing parts of the igneous bodies is cloudy brown due to a high content of sub-microscopic spinel inclusions whilst in chemically more evolved parts of the intrusions garnet has grown at the expense of plagioclase.
Ordovician graptolite biostratigraphy in North Greenland
Authors: Bjerreskov M
Published: June 2021

Up to 500 m of black-bedded cherts and mudstones with thin turbidites and thick local beds of redeposited limestone and chert conglomerates were deposited during the Ordovician in North Greenland, along the southern margin of an east-west trending deep-water trough forming a continuation of the Frank Jinian Basin of Arctic Canada. A large collection of Ordovician graptolites has recently been obtained from this clastic sequence. The graptolite fauna, not collected in continuous sections, compares particularly well with the fauna from the Canadian Cordillera and for the most part is interpreted in terms of the established biozones from that area. The faunas are also correlated with the Australian zonal sequences. In North Greenland neither the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary nor the Ordovieian-Silurian boundary ean be precisely demarcated by graptolites. The folIowing graptolite biozones are represented: Anisograptus, Adelograptus & Clonograptus, T. approximalus, P. frulicosus, D. bifidus, I. victoriae lunatus, ? T. victoriae victoriae, ? l. victoriae maximus, Oncograptus, P. tentaculatus, ? 'D.' decoratus, ? H. lereliusculus, N. gracilis, C. bicornis, ? O. amplexicaulis, O. quadrimucronatus, D. ornatus and? P. pacificus. The relationship of the North Grecnland graptolites to the Ordovician 'Pacific faunal realm' and oceanic graptolite biofacies is briefly discussed.
GGU's expedition in the Disko Bugt area, 1988
Authors: Kalsbeek F
Published: June 2021

The aim of GGU's expeditions in the Disko Bugt area 1988-1992 is threefold. Firstly, to enhance our general geological knowledge of the area which has previously only been studied in very limited detail (see Escher & Burri, 1967; Kalsbeek et al., 1988; Knudsen et al., 1988). Secondly, to study the mineral potential of the region with the main emphasis on the supracrustal rocks north-east of Disko Bugt, where previous reconnaissance studies by Kryolitselskabet Øresund AIS and GGU have located mineral showings with Cu, Zn, Au and Ag in addition to a number of geochemical anomalies (Steenfelt, 1987, 1988; Appel & Knudsen, 1988; Knudsen et al., 1988). Thirdly, to investigate the Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments and basalts on Disko and Nugssuaq (Henderson et al., 1976; Clarke & Pedersen, 1976) to obtain more information on the development of the onshore part of the West Greenland basin, which is important for abetter insight into the hydrocarbon potential of this basin.
Geographical subdivision of Greenland
Authors: Ghisler M
Published: June 2021

The use of standard geographical subdivisions when referring to the location of particular areas in reports or publications is a prerequisite for accurate communication of information. Thus expressions like 'South West Greenland' should always refer to the same region. For about 15 years GGU has used the standard subdivision of Greenland shown in ‘Geology of Greenland’ (Escher & Watt, 1976, fig. 473 on p. 582; also reproduced on the back cover of GGU Reports 140 and 145), even though the standard has not always been rigorously applied.
Greenland glaciers and the 'greenhouse effect'
Authors: Braithwaite R.J
Published: June 2021

Glacier studies have been made in Greenland since the 1970s to plan hydro-electric power. However, there is also public concern about the extra melting from the Greenland ice sheet and local glaciers that may occur under a warmer climate due to the 'greenhouse effect' (Fenger & Laut, 1989). The increase in melting will cause a rapid retreat of glaciers over the next 100 years and could give serious problems for large hydro-electric power stations. More seriously, glacier retreat in Greenland will also cause a rise in world sea level. Greenland is therefore a possible hazard to all low-lying land, including Denmark.
Are there Late Cretaceous unconformities in the onshore outcrops of the West Greenland basin?
Authors: Pulvertaft T.C.R , Chalmers J.A
Published: June 2021

Unconformities seen in onshore sections often provide a clue as to the age of sequence boundaries seen in offshore seismic sections. Thus unpublished descriptions in industry reports of unconformities in the Upper Cretaceous of West Greenland have become of special interest since the initiation of a project involving a reinterpretation of all industry data acquired offshore West Greenland in the 1970s. A reinvestigation of two of the most prominent of these unconformities, between Cenomanian and ?Campanian-Maastrichtian and between Cenomanian and ?'Senonian' respectively, confirmed that the unconformities exist, but cast doubt on the reliability of the palynological dating of the sediments above the unconformities. At both localities the sediments above the unconformities contain frequent layers of conglomerate with clasts of reworked sediments, in particular of dark mudstones like those seen in the Upper Cretaceous non-marine Atane Formation which underlies the unconformities. In these circumstances reworked pollen are likely to be encountered in the upper sections, making dating of these sections difficult. Elsewhere in the area Lower Paleocene sections are known to contain an almost exclusively Late Cretaceous palynomorph assemblage. Provisionally, therefore, the sections above the unconformities examined are placed in the Lower Paleocene, and the unconformities at their base are interpreted as being due to the end-Cretaceous movements known to have taken place in this part of West Greenland.
Metasomatic alteration of dolerite in the Proterozoic sediments of north-eastern Disko Bugt
Authors: Kalsbeek F
Published: June 2021

Alteration of a dolerite sheet along quartz-carbonate veins resulted in profound changes in its chemical composition. Per 1000 kg of the original dolerite 135 kg of volatiles, 38 kg of Na2O and 23 kg of CaO were added, and 76 kg of FeO* (total iron expressed as FeO) and 8 kg of K2O were removed. Large proportions of the original Rb, Ba, Sr, Zn, Cu and Ni were carried away during the alteration.
The North-East Greenland project 1988–1990
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The third and last season of the North-East Greenland project between latitudes 75° and 78°N was completed in July and August 1990. The main aims of the studies in North-East Greenland include compilation of a 1:500 000 geological map sheet covering the area between Grandjean Fjord (75°N) and Jökelbugten (78°N), and regional geological investigations to provide an understanding of the general geology of the region. A preliminary evaluation of the potential for hydrocarbons and mineral resources was included in the project, and took the form of investigations of the onshore remnants of Phanerozoic sedimentary basins (Stemmerik & Piasecki, 1990) and a geochemical exploration reconnaissance.
The Skjoldungen map sheet: completion of the 1:500 000 geological mapping of South-East Greenland
Authors: Escher J.C
Published: June 2021

The publication of the 1:500 000 Skjoldungen map sheet (Escher, 1990; Fig. 1) marks the completion of the Geological Survey of Greenland's (GGU's) reconnaissance mapping activities in South-East Greenland. A descriptive text to the map is under preparation. All of South-East Greenland between Kap Farvel (59° 00´N) and Mesters Vig (72° 00´N) is now covered by sheets of the 1:500 000 geological map series of Greenland. Five sheets in the series (nos 5,6,9, 10 and 11) remain to be published (Fig. 1); the Thule map sheet (sheet 5) will be printed in the course of 1991, and sheet 10 is under compilation. The presentation of the Skjoldungen map is somewhat different from that of the other 1:500 000 maps inthe series. In addition to traditional lithological information, an effort has been made to show the tectonic/metamorphic development of the region during the Archaean and Proterozoic.
A change in the status of the Greenland Inland Ice
Authors: Weidick A
Published: June 2021

Observations on the status of the Greenland ice cover are registered at the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) on a routine basis. During the past two decades studies have been particularly related to technical activities such as hydro-electric power, but more recently there has been increasing interest in the significance of glacier variations as indicators of climatic change. However, whereas local glacier variations are usually related to climatic changes on the time scale of a few decades or centuries, documented changes in the status of the margins of the Inland Ice in the literature are mainly related to long term climatic fluctuations on the time scale of thousands of years or more.
Ornamental stones in West and South Greenland
Authors: Garde A.A , Bugnon C , Gothenborg J
Published: June 2021

In the spring of 1990 the Greenland Home Rule administration initiated a project to evaluate the potential for ornamental stones in West and South Greenland, with support from the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU). The project was established in view of an interesting new development of the international ornamental stone market which might be exploited to diversify the economy and provide new job opportunities in Greenland.
Glacier inventory and atlas of West Greenland
Authors: Weidick A , Bøggild C.E  , Knudsen N.T
Published: June 2021

The glacier inventory and atlas provides the localisation and description of over 5000 glacier units in western Greenland between 59° 30´ and 71° 00´N. Registration is based on natural hydrological basins, in accordance with the recommendations of the International Commission on Snow and Ice (ICSI) but modified and simplified to meet Greenland conditions. The work is divided into three parts: a description of the procedure used in compilation of the glacier inventory and the glaciological conditions, a tabulated presentation of the information and description of the individual glacier units, and a 1:300 000 map presentation showing the position and delineation of the individual glacier units.
Themes in the promotion of Greenland's mineral resource potential
Authors: Dawes P.R
Published: June 2021

The production of minerals has been an important industry in Greenland. With a life-span of over 100 years the cryolite deposit at Ivittuut (Fig. 1) assured Greenland a place in world mining annals. Cryolite extraction ceased in 1987. A more recent venture, the Black Angel lead-zinc mine at Maarmorilik, focused international attention on the potential for base metals and with a production from 1973 to 1990 contributed notably to the development of Greenland's economy. With the Black Angel's closure, Greenland is left for the first time this century without an operative mine. Consequently the promotion of Greenland's mineral resources has now become a foremost political objective.
Large scale geochemical variation in the Precambrian of West and South Greenland
Authors: Steenfelt A
Published: June 2021

Reconnaissance geochemical mapping by means of stream sediment and water has been carried out by the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) in West and South Greenland since 1979 (Steenfelt, 1987, 1993). The aim of the programme is to evaluate the potential for mineral resources. The geochemical data are used in two ways: (1) to identify chemical anomalies indicative of mineralisation; and (2) to contribute to the recognition of environments favourable to ore deposition. However, when compiled over large areas the data also permit a distinction to be made of large scale crustal domains.
Sm-Nd model age of an early Proterozoic gabbro-anorthosite from the Caledonian fold belt in North-East Greenland
Authors: Stecher O , Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

Metamorphosed anorthositic and gabbro-anorthositic rocks are found as scattered occurrences in the basement gneisses of the Caledonian fold belt of North-East Greenland. A Tm-MD-nd model age determined on a gabbro- anorthositic sample yields a value of 2146 Ma. This model age is in agreement with the general age of crust formation in the region. The result shows that anorthosites, which are of Archaean derivation in many areas in Greenland, cannot on their own be used as an indicator of Archaean crust.
Silurian trilobites from the G. B. Schley Fjord region, eastern Peary Land, North Greenland
Authors: Thomas A.T
Published: June 2021

A trilobite fauna of Pterospathodus celloni Biozone age (late Llandovery) is described from a horizon near the top of the Odins Fjord Formation. The commonest trilobite is the phacopid Acernaspis sp., with which are associated the proetid Cyphoproetus? cf. C. alyo, the harpetid Scotoharpes?, a second phacopid (Ananaspis?), the encrinurid Briania and an undetermined encrinurid. The llilobile species compare closely with others already described from various localities in the mid-late Llandovery of Greenland and Canada. The overall composition of the trilobite fauna, however, contrast with that previously known from the Odins Fjord Formation; this may partly reflect the more offshore position of the Schley Fjord fauna on the Peary Land shelf. However, drowning of the shelf produced a possibly diachronous decrease in fauna! content and diversity as deepening and muddying progressed southwards over time. Thus, faunal contrasts may simply reflect sampling of different levels within this muddying-upwards succession.
A new 'Geological map of Greenland'
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The first general overview of the geology of Greenland to be presented in the form of a map was the 'Tectonic/geological map of Greenland' published by the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) in 1970 at a scale of I:2 500 000. This wall map proved very popular, and stocks were exhausted in 1990. A new Geological map of Greenland at the same scale (Escher & Pulvcrtaft 1995) has now been prepared: this presents a wealth of new information, including a representation of the geology of offshore areas.
Use of SPOT and Landsat TM satellite data in geological reconnaissance
Authors: Tukiainen T , Thorning L
Published: June 2021

As a part of the SUPRASYD project in southern Greenland (Garde & Schonwandt. this report) a pilot project was initiated in order to assess the use of satellite based remote sensing in mineral resource reconnaissance work (the GIRS project: Geological lnformation from Remote Sensing). The objectives were to evaluate the usefulness of modem satellite data imagery during the various stages of a GGU field programme. A detailed account of the project is given in Tukiainen et al. (1993), this note briefly summarises some of the main results.
Evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian orogen: DLC investigations in West Greenland
Authors: Marker M , Mengel F , Van Gool J , Field party
Published: June 2021

During the summer of 1994, the Danish Lithosphere Centre (DLC) initiated geological field investigations of the Nagssugtoqidian orogen in West Greenland as part of a project on the architecture and dynamics of Palaeoproterozoic orogens. The 1994 field work was the first of three field campaigns in the Nagssugtoqidian orogen that have been planned for 1994, 1995 and 1997.
Publications of the Geological Survey of Greenland 1994
Authors: Editorial Team
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Santonian) inoceramid bivalve faunas from the island of Bornholm, Denmark. With a review of the Cenomanian-Santonian lithostratigraphic formations and locality details
Authors: Tröger Karl-Armin , Christensen Walter Kegel
Published: June 2021

The inoceramid bivalve faunas from the Arnager Greensand, Arnager Limestone, and Bavnodde Greensand Formations of the island of Bornholm, Denmark are described. The fauna from the basal part of the Arnager Greensand s. str. is from the Lower Middle Cenomanian and includes Inoceramus crippsi Mantell, /. crippsi hoppenstedtensis Trager, and I. schoendorfi Heinz. The Arnager Limestone at its type locality immediately west of Arnager yielded a diverse fauna, including /. waltersdorfensis cf. hannovrensis Heinz, /. lusatiae Andert, I. cf. rotundatus Fiege, /. striatoconcentricus Gumbel, I. (Heroceramus) cf. hercules Heinz, I. cf. wandereri Andert, I. cf. annulatus Goldfuss, I. cf. renngarteni Bodilevski & Schulgina, and/. (Mytiloides) incertus Jimbo. This fauna is Lower Coniacian. I. cf. lusatiae and /. cf. guerichi Heinz are recorded from the top part of the formation east of Horsemyre Odde, which is Lower Coniacian. /. (Cremnoceramus) schloenbachi Bohm from the upper Lower Coniacian is reported from the Arnager Limestone Formation at Muleby. /. (Volviceramus) koeneni Muller and /. (V.) alievimussensis lvannikov occur in 4 the top part of the Arnager Limestone Formation at Stampe A; this fauna is probably Lower Middle Coniacian. The fauna of the Bavnodde Greensand Formation at the type locality consists of /. (Sphenoceramus) pachti cf. pachti Arkhangelsky and /. (S.) cardissoides Goldfuss which are Lower, but not lowest, Santonian. At Risenholm, the formation yielded I. (S.) subcardissoides Schluter, I. (S.) cardissoides, I. (S. ?) bornholmensis n. sp., /. (S.) sp. ex gr. pachtilcardissoides, and incomplete, poorly preserved inoceramids possibly belonging to the I. (Magadiceramus) subquadratus group; this fauna is basal Santonian. The fauna of the formation at Jydegard comprises I. (S. ?) bornholmensis n. sp. and /. (S.) sp. ex gr. pachti/cardissoides, and the formation here is lowest Santonian and possibly highest Coniacian. The Cenomanian-Santonian lithostratigraphic formations of Bornholm are reviewed and their ages are discussed with regard to various fossil groups, including inoceramid bivalves, ammonites, belemnites, and foraminifera. Locality details are given.
Catalogue of late- and post-glacial macrofossils of Spermatophyta from Denmark, Schleswig, Scania, Halland, and Blekinge dated 13,000 B.P. to 1536 A.D.
Authors: Jensen Hans Arne
Published: June 2021

The catalogue summarizes published finds of macrofossils from 551 taxa of Spermatophyta originating from 505 sites in Denmark, Schleswig, Scania, Halland, and Blekinge and dated to periods between 13,000 B.P. and 1536 A.D. The information is arranged in one map and three tables. The map shows the position of each find. Table 1 presents the sites by number and name, where the finds are published, their age, the dating method applied, and the media examined. Table 2 lists the finds of macrofossils in pollen assemblage zones I-IX and the periods Pre-Roman Iron Age, Roman Iron Age, Germanic Iron Age, Viking Age, Early Middle Ages, and Late Middle Ages. Table 3 summarizes by family the finds of macrofossils in these periods.
Seismic Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins around Bornholm Southern Baltic
Authors: Vejbæk Ole Valdemar
Published: June 2021

Identification of structural elements in the offshore area around Bornholm has been possible with the use of reflection seismic data. The area straddles the Fennoscandian Borderzone, extending into the Danish Polish Trough. Major structural depressions are the Rønne Graben, the Arnager Graben (new name), the Christiansø Half-graben and the Hano Bay Basin. Structural highs are the Christiansø High, the Hammervand High, the Bornholm Gat Uplift, The Dueodde High (new name), the Southern Bornholm High (new name) and Bornholm High. The Palaeozoic sediments show rapidly increasing thicknesses to the south towards the Caledonian deformation front, and to the east towards the Peribaltic Syneclise. The present distribution of thick Palaeozoic sediments is however primarily a result of Late Palaeozoic–Early Mesozoic erosion. Occurences of Triassic, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments are primarily restricted to graben areas. These were generated in a Late Carboniferous-Early Permian tension dominated right-lateral wrench fault system parallel to the Tornquist line. The Mesozoic sediments of the above-mentioned ages were deposited in expanding basins interrupted by tectonic activity, which resulted in renewed restriction of sediments to graben areas accompanied by erosion on structural highs. Late Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous tectonic events are identified. The most spectacular tectonic event is of an Early Tertiary age. The Rønne Graben and the Arnager Graben were subjected to compression in a right lateral fault system during this phase, and were subsequently uplifted and erosion occurred accompanied by reverse faulting and minor folding.
Foraminifera in Late Elsterian-Holsteinian deposits of the Tornskov area in South Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Knudsen Karen Luise
Published: June 2021

Foraminiferal faunas from marine Late Elsterian and Holsteinian deposits in the Tornskov borehole have been investigated. The faunal succession is correlated with the pollen zones of the same boring, and the assemblages are compared with Late Elsterian and Holsteinian faunas described from adjacent areas. Arctic foraminiferal faunas at the base of the marine sequence at Tornskov indicate that a marine transgression occurred prior to the establishment of full interglacial conditions, i.e. in the Late Elsterian. Marine sedimentation continued during much of the Holsteinian Interglacial. The assemblages here indicate boreal, mainly sublittoral conditions and relatively open access to the North Sea. Evidence for withdrawal of the Holsteinian sea from the area is not recorded in the faunas at Tornskov, the uppermost part of the marine sequence having probably been removed by subsequent glacial erosion. The general trend for corresponding deposits over the whole area of SW Denmark and N. Germany is that the regression took place before any indication of climatic deterioration is seen in either the fauna or the flora.
Diagenesis of the Zechstein Ca-2 carbonate from the Løgumkloster-1 well, Denmark
Authors: Stentoft Niels
Published: June 2021

The carbonate unit Ca-2 found in the Løgumkloster-l well is located on the northern marginal carbonate platform of the North German Zechstein Basin. The ea. 43 m thick sequence includes former oncoidal/algal muds which were deposited in a relatively quiet lagoonal back-barrier environment, and ooidal carbonate sands, deposited in a rather agitated shoal environment. The carbonate sediments of Ca-2 have been subjected to a complex sequence of diagenetic events. However, the present porosity/ permeability, and thus the reservoir quality of the rocks, is primarily linked to four events: two leaching phases, a phase of chemical compaction, and a late anhydritization. The first phase of leaching created mouldic porosity. The last phase of leaching was important as it resulted in a widening of the preexisting pores and fractures and thereby facilitated percolation of sulphate solutions causing the late anhydritization, which considerably reduced the porosity/ permeability of the rock. The present pore geometry of the rock is complex. In the oolitic intervals the intra- and inter-ooidal porosity types are the most widespread. In the oncolitic/algal intervals intra- and inter-oncoidal porosity and vuggy porosity are often combined with intercrystalline porosity. The corresponding Ca-2 rock in the Brøns-l well, situated ca. 20 km northwest of the Løgumkloster- l well, was subjected to the same post-depositional evolution. Comparison with the diagenesis of the upper part of the Ca-la formation in the Aabenraa-1 well and the Ca-1 formation of the Varmes-1 well also shows close similarity in the diagenetic evolution.
Diagenetic aspects of Upper Jurassic sandstones in the Danish North Sea sector
Authors: Andersen Palle Rubæk
Published: June 2021

Studies of Upper Jurassic sandstone formations, the Heno Formation and the Gert unit, in the Danish North Sea sector have revealed two diverging diagenetic trends, which appear related to sedimentary environments: 1 ) Distal marine sands (lower shoreface to offshore) end up as reservoirs with fair porosities but low permeabilities, 2) Marginal marine sands (beach, barrier-island complex) create reservoirs with fair to high porosities and fair to high permeabilities.
Stratigraphy and distribution of Jurassic deposits of the Norwegian-Danish Basin
Authors: Michelsen Olaf
Published: June 2021

The lithostratigraphical subdivision of the Jurassic deposits in the Norwegian-Danish Basin is revised. The Fjerritslev Formation is emended and divided into four members. The Haldager formation is emended and divided into two members. It is proposed to include the Skagen Formation in the Frederikshavn Member, which together with the Børglum Member is included in the Bream Formation. Isopach maps of the individual Iithostratigraphical units are presented. The sedimentary history of the basin is described.
Structural outline and development
Authors: Andersen Claus , Olsen Jens Christian , Michelsen Olaf , Nygaard Erik
Published: June 2021

The Central Graben is a broad, complex trough with a long history of differential subsidence. It was probably initiated in the Permian and was controlled by major rifting during the Mesozoic. To the south in the Dutch sector the trough is divided into two parts. From here it passes northwards and divides the southern North Sea Basin into the Anglo-Dutch Basin and the Northwest German Basin. It also separates the Mid North Sea High from the Ringkøbing-Fyn High. These highs form broad, east-west trending, relative stable ridges. The further continuation of the Central Graben is to the northwest, towards the centre of the North Sea, where it passes into the Viking Graben and the Moray Firth Basin at about 58° N. Where the Central Graben divides the two major highs, there is an elongate central narrow horst, the Dogger High, which is the southernmost of a row of mid-Graben highs. Both sides of the Graben are clearly defined by normal rotational faults that were intermittently active from Triassic to Early Cretaceous times.
Early Cretaceous
Authors: Hansen Jens Morgen , Buch Arne
Published: June 2021

The Early Cretaceous sea primarily covered the same basinal regions as the Late Jurassic sea but, late in the Early Cretaceous the sea also covered Late Jurassic land masses. During Early Cretaceous time the topography of the North Sea region became gradually buried. The following major transgression comprises the transition Early/Late Cretaceous. At the Jurassic/ Cretaceous transition, the Late Cimmerian unconformity is a significant feature (fig. 24), known from large parts of the North Sea region. The subsequent transgression and sedimentation of marine clay (the Valhall Formation), and marine sand (the LC-1 Unit), started late in Late Jurassic. Therefore, the formations described in the present chapter also comprise sediments of Late Jurassic age. Thicknesses of the Lower Cretaceous sediments are given in fig. 15.
ON INTERMEDIATE RINGS WHICH ARE FINITELY GENERATED MODULES OVER A NOETHERIAN RING
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Xuân , Thảo Lưu Phương
Published: June 2021

Cho (R, m) là vành giao hoán Noether và Q(R) là vành các thương toàn phần của R. Mục đích của bài báo này là nghiên cứu cấu trúc của các vành trung gian giữa R và Q(R). Gọi X là tập tất cả các lớp tương đương [I], trong đó I là ideal của R sao cho I 2 = aI với a ∈ I là phần tử không là ước của không trong R. Gọi Y là tập tất cả các vành trung gian A giữa R và Q(R) sao cho A là R-môđun hữu hạn sinh. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi thiết lập một song ánh từ X đến Y. Một số ví dụ được đưa ra để làm rõ kết quả. Thứ nhất, chúng tôi chỉ ra nếu R là một miền ideal chính thì R là phần tử duy nhất của Y. Thứ hai, cho một vành Buchsbaum R mà không là Cohen-Macaulay, chúng tôi xây dựng một vành trung gian Cohen-Macaulay A ∈ Y. Để giải quyết vấn đề, chúng tôi áp dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu của S. Goto năm 1983, L. T. Nhàn và M. Brodmann 2012.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTY ASSESSMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY COMPOSITE BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND LIGNIN EXTRACTED FROM BIOMASS
Authors: Nguyên Bùi Thị Thảo , Trự Nguyễn Nhị , Hoàng Thái Ngọc Minh , Dương Nguyễn Hoàng , Anh Nguyễn Thị Mỹ
Published: June 2021

Màng composite phân hủy sinh học trên cơ sở polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) và lignin chiết xuất từ bã mía đã được chế tạo thành công với các tỷ lệ khối lượng khác nhau giữa hai thành phần. Sản phẩm màng composite có đầy đủ các tính chất đặc trưng được tạo thành bởi hai vật liệu thành phần PVA và lignin. Cấu trúc hóa học và các nhóm chức đặc trưng của PVA và lignin được khảo sát thông qua quang phổ hồng ngoại (FTIR). Ngoài ra, tính chất cơ học và quang học của màng composite được đáng giá bằng phương pháp thử cơ tính và phương pháp hấp thụ phân tử UV-vis. Kết quả cho thấy, màng chứa lignin với hàm lượng 25% có cơ tính vượt trội hơn hẳn so với màng PVA ban đầu và lignin đồng thời tăng khả năng hấp thụ bức xạ UV của màng. Các tính chất này giúp màng composite PVA/lignin có thể ứng dụng làm vật liệu thân thiện môi trường có khả năng kháng tia UV.
A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ READING ATTITUDES AND THEIR READING COMPREHENSION PERFORMANCE
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Thuỳ
Published: June 2021

Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là tìm hiểu thái độ của sinh viên đối với việc học đọc và tìm ra mối quan hệ giữa thái độ của sinh viên đối với việc học kĩ năng đọc hiểu và kết quả đạt được. Phương pháp nghiên cứu được sử dụng để phân tích dữ liệu là bảng hỏi và bài kiểm tra đọc hiểu áp dụng cho sinh viên năm thứ 3, trường Đại học Công nghệ thông tin và Truyền thông – Đại học Thái Nguyên. Bên cạnh đó, hệ số tương quan cũng được sử dụng để tìm ra mối quan hệ giữa thái độ đọc của sinh viên với kết quả mà sinh viên đạt được. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy thái độ của sinh viên đóng vai trò quan trọng khi học kỹ năng đọc và nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra thái độ của sinh viên đối với việc học kĩ năng đọc và kết quả mà chúng đạt được có mối quan hệ mật thiết với nhau. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, một số đề xuất cũng được đưa ra để nâng cao ý thức học đối với kĩ năng đọc và kết quả mà người học đạt được.
PERSONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF FINE PARTICULATE MATTER FOR COMMUTERS IN HANOI
Authors: Hà Võ Thị Lệ , Thanh Trương Thị , Phúc Đào Văn , Hằng Nguyễn Thị Thu , Thủy Lý Bích
Published: June 2021

Các nghiên cứu dịch tễ học chứng minh rằng, người tham gia giao thông phơi nhiễm với bụi mịn có thể gây những ảnh hưởng xấu tới sức khỏe và gây ra bệnh tật. Các nghiên cứu về phơi nhiễm cá nhân đối với những người tham gia giao thông chưa được thực hiện một cách đầy đủ và tương đối hạn chế ở Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích đánh giá phơi nhiễm bởi PM2.5 đối với người đi xe máy và xe đạp trên một số tuyến đường ở Hà Nội. Phơi nhiễm bụi cá nhân được lấy từ thiết bị đo bụi cảm biến Airbeam. Kết quả ban đầu cho thấy rằng, nồng độ phơi nhiễm của PM2.5 đối với người đi xe đạp (105 µg/m3) cao hơn người đi xe máy (95 µg/m3) và nồng độ PM2.5 trong không khí xung quanh (34 µg/m3). Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng cũng được đánh giá trong nghiên cứu này. Nồng độ phơi nhiễm PM2.5 được phát hiện cao nhất vào buổi sáng, và có xu thế giảm dần với buổi chiều và trưa đối với cả hai phương tiện giao thông. Nồng độ PM2.5 phơi nhiễm dao động lớn trong giờ cao điểm. Người đi xe đạp có nguy cơ rủi ro cao hơn người đi xe máy do liều lượng hít thở bụi mịn lớn. Nghiên cứu đưa ra cảnh báo ban đầu về nguy cơ tác động sức khỏe đối với người tham gia giao thông cho những nhà quản lý đưa ra các biện pháp can thiệp kịp thời.
INFORMAL LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES WITH WEB 2.0
Authors: Linh Lê Thị Khánh , Trang Lê Thị Thu
Published: June 2021

Khi nhắc đến việc học một ngôn ngữ mới, chúng ta thường nghĩ đến hoạt động dạy và học ngôn ngữ trong môi trường lớp học. Tuy nhiên, chính cuộc sống thực tế bên ngoài trường lớp mới là môi trường học tập ngôn ngữ tự nhiên và cơ bản nhất. Hiện tại, sự phát triển của công nghệ đã dẫn đến những thay đổi trong cách nhìn nhận về hình thức học tập này. Bài viết của chúng tôi tập trung vào một trong những ứng dụng công nghệ mới nhất - Web 2.0 - như một phương tiện học tập ngoại ngữ bên ngoài trường lớp. Thông qua tổng hợp các lý thuyết và nghiên cứu có liên quan từ năm 2004 trở lại đây, chúng tôi đã tóm lược một số vấn đề về học ngoại ngữ ngoài lớp học với các ứng dụng Web 2.0. Trước hết, Web 2.0 có ảnh hưởng đến đường hướng, phương thức, hình thức ngôn ngữ và nhận thức của người học về học tập ngoại ngữ ngoài lớp học. Bên cạnh đó, học ngoại ngữ với Web 2.0 mang lại những lợi ích đáng kể bởi hình thức này mang tính cộng tác, linh hoạt, không áp lực, giúp người học vừa tiếp nhận vừa sử dụng ngôn ngữ. Tuy nhiên, người học với Web 2.0 cũng phải đối mặt với những vấn đề liên quan đến phản hồi, an toàn khi sử dụng mạng và yêu cầu về kỹ năng số. Chúng tôi hy vọng rằng kết quả từ nghiên cứu sẽ góp phần mang lại cái nhìn toàn diện về hình thức học ngoại ngữ bên ngoài lớp học, giúp tối đa hóa tiềm năng của hình thức học tập này.
USING QUIZLET IN GENERATING LEARNERS' AUTONOMY IN LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Authors: Hồng Nguyễn Thị Hạnh , Du Nguyễn Trọng
Published: June 2021

Bài báo này trình bày một số kết quả quan trọng của một nghiên cứu gần đây về việc áp dụng Quizlet trong giảng dạy tiếng Anh. Một trong hai mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là xem xét người học tự chủ như thế nào trong việc học từ vựng. Sáu mươi sinh viên năm thứ hai đến từ trường Đại học Kinh tế và Quản trị kinh doanh – Đại học Thái Nguyên đã tham gia vào nghiên cứu kéo dài 10 tuần. Trong năm tuần đầu tiên, sinh viên được dạy mà không có sự áp dụng của Quizlet, trong khi đó trong năm tuần tiếp theo của giai đoạn hai, Quizlet được đưa vào để hỗ trợ việc học từ vựng. Hai bảng câu hỏi khảo sát được chuyển tới các sinh viên tham gia trước và sau thực nghiệm để khảo sát thái độ học của sinh viên đối với việc học từ vừng qua Quizlet. Các phân tích dữ liệu cho thấy rằng sinh viên cảm thấy thích thú và háo hức hơn khi học từ vựng, hơn nữa, sinh viên còn trở nên chủ động và độc lập hơn. Như vậy, có thể kết luận rằng việc sử dụng Quizlet trong việc dạy từ vựng tiếng Anh là có lợi cho người học, hỗ trợ việc học độc lập. Hy vọng rằng, những kết quả này có thể khuyến khích giáo viên cũng như người học sử dụng Quizlet thường xuyên hơn trong việc dạy và học tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là trong thời đại công nghệ hiện đại.