bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Cross Match With and Without Centrifugation in Covid-19 Positive Blood Samples in Blood Bank of a Tertiary Care Center in North India
Authors: Ragini Singh  , Garima Panwar  , Sucheta Malik  , Meenal Babra  , Ghalaut PS
Published: October 2020

Centrifugation is a frequently employed technique in transfusion medicine used for compatibility testing, ABO and Rh typing and cross-matching. However, there is considerable evidence that it can lead to the generation of aerosol particles of size up to 5 μm. If the fluid being processed contains an infectious micro-organism like 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), there could be a hazard due to the aerosols in the laboratory with particles capable of penetrating and being retained in the lower respiratory tract. Considering this, we wanted to determine if reliable cross-match testing can be done without the use of a centrifuge and if there are safer alternative testing methodologies available to perform a compatibility test. This was a cross-sectional study that included blood samples received in the blood bank along with requisition of blood components from 30 patients with coronavirus disease who tested 2019-nCoV positive by PCR and were admitted at BPS GMC, Sonepat and SGT Medical College Gurgaon from May 2020 to June 2020. Of the 30 samples processed, ten samples were subjected to cross-match by Immediate Spin Cross Match Method. Rest 20 samples were cross-matched by Saline Cross Match Method. However, in comparison to a standard saline cross-match where the incubation period is generally of 30 min, a prolonged incubation period of 45 min was adopted followed by addition of 22% Albumin. After that, the sample was observed for hemolysis and agglutination. The results obtained from both the methods were noted, compared and statistically analysed.
Analysis of Environmental Accounting Reporting as Social Responsibility for Company Performance in Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Marsela Intan , Mediaty Mediaty , Said Darwis
Published: October 2020

In an increasingly modern era, the industrial world continues to develop and increasingly complex. These developments have an impact on other elements around the industry, especially the environment. An increasingly advanced industry has an impact on the increasingly severe environmental damage due to waste pollution, mining, coal and others. The Indonesian Institute of Accountants has issued several SFAS related to environmental accounting. With the issuance of the PSAK the industrial world inevitably has to follow what has been regulated in the PSAK. SFAS related to environmental accounting is issued with the aim of ensuring that the company has carried out its obligations in the recovery of environmental damage caused by the company's operations.This research was conducted with the aim of ensuring that the company had followed the standards set by IAI in applying environmental accounting as one of its environmental responsibilities. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative data. The results showed that the company in general had implemented PSAK especially number 57 related to the provision arising from company operations, the amount of the provision depends on the size of the company. With this research it is expected to be an alternative solution to the problem of environmental responsibility in order to add value to the company.Keywords: Environmental Accounting, Company Value, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, Environmental Responsibility.
Chronic Viral Hepatitis C: The Evolution of Scientific Views
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 10, 68 Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine, Valetskyi M. I. , Zak M. U. , Chernyshov O. V. , Sverdlova M. V. , Potochniak V. S.
Published: October 2020

The problem of infection with viral hepatitis C is relevant nowadays. Despite the fact that scientists are still searching for new methods of treating this infectious disease, the main problems are complications that develop over the years in patients with hepatitis C. Fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and different extrahepatic manifestations are the main causes of death. Even complete elimination of the virus after direct antiviral therapy does not stop developing of complications which effect on life expectancy. We cannot speak about morbidity because of the fact that viral hepatitis C is most often diagnosed at the stage of complications. All this is due to the asymptomatic, chronic development of this disease. We still diagnose complications from viral hepatitis C, but the infection could have happened 10 years ago. Human immunodeficiency virus is frequently found in patients with viral hepatitis C, which is most often directly related to the features of the mechanism of infection and transmission routes. The presence of untreated human immunodeficiency virus is a poor prognostic sign. This co-infection can affect the rate of development of complications and the general severity of the disease. Prevalence rate are still high, despite the development of various preventive measures to reduce infection with the listed above viruses, such as the free distribution of disposable syringes, barrier contraceptives, widespread promotion of a healthy lifestyle, informing the population about the danger of infection, etc. The lack of reliable and high-quality statistical information on the prevalence of viral hepatitis, both monoinfection and in association with human immunodeficiency virus is very important issue in Ukraine. There is also a small amount of data about the dominance of certain genotypes in different parts of our country. This absence information interferes with a clear understanding of the leading routes of transmission of infection and a targeted impact on them. There are also no clear screening programs for groups of risk. There are problems with clear control over patients, especially over those who have successfully completed antiviral therapy. This category of patients disappears from the control of medical workers. They often do not know that the absence of the virus in the blood still leaves a high risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver and other complications, because the liver was previously compromised. This once again proves the importance of dispensary observation of all treated patients, not depending on their response to therapy
Leading Risk Factors of the Oral Cavity Health Violations in the Population of Ivano-Frankivsk Region
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 2, Halytska St., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine, Dmitrenko I. A.
Published: October 2020

In Ukraine, as well as throughout the world, oral diseases remain an urgent medical and social problem. In the Ivano-Frankivsk region, the incidence of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer exceeds the same in the country, which made this study relevant. The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for oral diseases in the population of Ivano-Frankivsk region and to supplement the information support of local authorities of territorial communities with the results of the study. Material and methods. We analyzed scientific sources (16 units), data from state, industry and regional statistics (13 units) in our study. The following methods were used: system approach and system analysis; generalizations; medical and statistical; graphics. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that the living conditions of the population of the Ivano-Frankivsk region in 2018 were better than the average for Ukraine: household incomes for a month were by UAH 469.45 (4.96%) higher, non-monetary incomes in cash equivalent were by UAH 850.24 (98.2%) higher, which was favorable for maintaining oral health. However, in terms of education, the population of the region was generally inferior to the population of Ukraine (17.8% of people with higher education, 1.7% with basic higher education, 15.2% with incomplete higher education with corresponding indicators for the country 27%, 1.4% and 21%); the proportion of households that had access to Internet services at home was 53.0% in the region, 61.5% in Ukraine, which created risks to support the sanitary and hygienic literacy of the region's residents. The population of the region actively practiced behavioral risks in relation to oral diseases: the incidence rate of mental disorders and behavior due to alcohol consumption (83.87 per 100 thousand of population) exceeded the corresponding indicators in the industry (64.81 per 100 thousand of population), as well as the prevalence of these disorders (1574.88 and 1080.51 per 100 thousand of population, respectively); the intensity of smoking (51.9% of smokers smoked 11-20 cigarettes per day) exceeded the corresponding data for Ukraine (46%); household expenses for sweets were higher by 26.0% of similar expenses in Ukraine. Drinking water in the region has a fluoride deficiency (0-0.3 mg / l), which is one of the leading causes of tooth decay. In 17.9% of cases, household members of the region with dental care needs could not meet them due to the high cost of services. Conclusion. The risk factors for oral diseases of the population of the Ivano-Frankivsk region were identified: fluoride deficiency in drinking water, behavioral risks, and low level of affordability of dental care for the population. The obtained data can be taken into account when developing a regional program for the prevention of oral diseases and improving the organization of dental care for the population
Review of Classifications and Scoring Systems for Metastatic Spine Tumors Used in Surgical Treatment
Authors:   Sytenko Institute of Spine and joint Pathology, Academy of Medical Science, Ukraine, 80, Pushkinskaya St., Kharkiv 61024, Ukraine, Korzh M. , Kutsenko V , Perfiliev O. , Popov A.
Published: October 2020

It is known that metastases in the spine are detected in more than 70% of cancer patients, and in 10% of such patients, compression of nerve structures and severe neurological disorders develop. The role of surgery for metastatic tumors of the spine is in the focus of attention, since the operation can improve mechanical stability, decompress nerve structures and reduce the intensity of pain. However, what role the operation plays in increasing life expectancy and how to correctly assess the results of treatment remains controversial and the opinions of specialists are controversial, since the assessment is often made by oncologists, but it is the surgeon who more fully evaluates the potential risks and benefits of surgical interventions. Therefore, it is important for surgeons to understand what prognostic factors affect the quality and duration of life. This article presents the most cited classifications and assessments before 2009, as well as all classifications and assessments obtained after 2010 regarding metastatic lesions of the spine, as well as classifications used to develop treatment tactics obtained from the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, articles, monographs, abstracts, dissertations and other sources of scientific and medical information. 57 main publications with II and III levels of evidence were selected, 6 classifications and 24 rating scales were considered. In order to construct the necessary tactics of the surgical strategy, the classification / assessment methods were divided into anatomical classification / assessment methods, neurological symptom / instability assessment methods, and assessment systems for predicting life expectancy. The study showed that in the surgical treatment of metastatic tumors of the spine, it is important to use the same rating scales and classifications to select indications and assess the results of surgical treatment, as well as to achieve meaningful comparisons between published series. Conclusion. The classifications and rating scales used for metastatic lesions of the spine do not fully reflect the type of surgical treatment: there is no algorithm for restoring the support ability of the spine, which is very important for this category of patients
Serologically Weak D-phenotype: Review and Interpretation of Blood Group RhD
Authors:   Institute of Hematology and Transfusion of NAMS, 12, M. Berlinsky St., Kyiv 02000, Ukraine, Pavliuk R. P.
Published: October 2020

The Rhesus system is the second most important erythrocyte system for transfusion after ABO. Accurate determination of the Rhesus status of the donor, recipient, pregnant allows to prevent the development of post-transfusion hemolytic complications of the fetus or newborn associated with incompatibility of the blood of the mother and the fetus by D antigen. Generally, determination of the Rhesus affiliation of a person is performed by serological methods using anti-Rhesus reagents with full or incomplete antibodies. However, the results of serological studies are not always clear. Mutations and other effects of the RH gene locus disrupt the production of the normal D antigen and lead to the emergence of numerous varieties of antigen D. The variant of antigen D was described in 1946 and was designated as Du. The study showed that the differences between Du antigen and normal D were quantitative rather than qualitative. The Du antigen was later designated as Dweak - a weak D-antigen or a weak D-phenotype. In the early 1950s, anti-D antibodies were detected in recipients with a weak D-antigen after transfusion with Rh-positive blood and in pregnant women with the Du phenotype during pregnancy and at the birth of a D+ baby. It was suggested that the D antigen was not homogeneous and consisted of numerous partial variants: D1, D2, D3, etc. A complete set of partial variants corresponds to a complete D-antigen. The absence of any of one or more partial factors leads to the appearance of attenuated forms of the D antigen, denoted as Dpartial. People lacking certain partial antigens can produce anti-D antibodies against them. Differentiation of weak D phenotypes has great clinical importance, because transfusion of Rh-erythrocytes to recipients with Dweak and who are actually Rh-positive, has no scientific justification and leads to unjustified consumption of deficient blood and unnecessary immunoprophylaxis of anti-Rh immunoglobulin to pregnant women. International laboratory practice has no unified policy regarding the diagnosis of weak variants of D antigen and the interpretation of the results. Polymerase chain reaction allows to accurately define the Rh status of an individual and to avoid unreasonable transfusions of Rh-negative blood and unnecessary immunoprophylaxis
Dynamics of Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential Changes in Blood Monocytes in Conditions of Development and Course of Experimental Periodontitis and the Effect of Korvityn on it
Authors:   IYa Gorbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 1, Maydan Voly, Ternopil 46001, Ukraine, Demkovych A. Ye. , Machogan V. R.
Published: October 2020

Inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues remain one of the most complex and unresolved problems of modern dentistry. The most important internal stimulus for triggering apoptosis is DNA damage in response to various factors (including reactive oxygen species). Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) is generated by the electrochemical gradient of protons on both sides of the membrane and is closely related to the functioning of mitochondria, its support is provided by the processes of electron transfer in the respiratory chain. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the pathogenetic role of changes in mitochondrial transmebranic potential in the dynamics of the inflammatory response in experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis and the effects of quercetin (Korvityn) on it. Material and methods. The study was performed on white clinically healthy rats. Experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis in experimental animals was induced by injection of a mixture of microorganisms diluted with egg protein into the tissues of the periodontal complex. Quercetin was administered by intramuscular injection for correction. Evaluation of changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential of leukocytes was performed by flow cytofluorimetry. Results and discussion. In experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis, the percentage of cells with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential among blood monocytes significantly increased. In animals on the 7th day of the study, the number of cells with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential among blood monocytes increased significantly compared with the control group. For the next study period (14th day), the number of cells with reduced ∆ψm decreased compared to the 7th day of the experiment. Having analyzed the data of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of blood monocytes on the 30th day of the experiment, we noted that they decreased relative to those obtained on the 14th day of the study, indicating profound oxidative imbalance in cells and destabilization of the mitochondrial membrane. The use of quercetin led to a decrease in the values compared to the data of animals with our simulated pathology on the 14th day, the experiment without the introduction of flavonol, but they remained significantly higher than the control group of animals. Conclusion. Flavonol (Korvityn) quercetin reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential in experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis, which was evidence by stabilization and attenuation of the inflammatory process
Evaluation of Rats’ Spermatogenesis State under Irradiation Exposure and Influence of Natural Origin Drugs
Authors:   VYa Danilevsky Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems, NAMS of Ukraine, 10, Artema St., Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine, Brechka N. M. , Kozar V. V. ,   National University of Pharmacy, 53, Pushkinska St., Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine, Shcherbak O. V. ,   Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy, 1, Akademichna St., Mala Danylivka 62342, Dergachivs’kiy district, Kharkiv region, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

Male infertility is probably to be affected by intense heat exposure and extreme exposure to pesticides, irradiation, electromagnetic radiation and other hazardous substances. The authors of most of the works agree that the cells of the basement membrane of the tubules and spermatogonia, which are quickly exhausted after irradiation, are the most vulnerable in the testes. The type and extent of these changes depends on the dose, duration and frequency of radiation. The participation of connective tissue in almost all typical pathological conditions has been shown: inflammation, allergy, carcinogenesis, hypoxia, free radical oxidation processes, etc. The purpose of the work was to study evaluation the state of rats' spermatogenesis under conditions of the total irradiation exposure and to correct the pathological process with drugs of natural origin Chondroitin sulfate and "Bioglobin-U". Material and methods. A model of total single irradiation with a dose of 3 Gy was used to obtain the pathology of the testes, after which the substance Chondroitin sulfate was administered at a dose of 60 mg / kg; comparison drug Tribestan at a dose of 60 mg/kg; the drug "Bioglobin-U" at a dose of 200 μl / kg and Chondroitin sulfate + Tribestan in the above doses. Results and discussion. 30 days of exposure of single total irradiation with a dose of 3 Gy led to significant disruption of the morphological state of the testes and spermatogenic epithelium of rats. Thus, in rats with irradiation, the number of normal spermatogonia in the convoluted tubules was reduced by 5.7 times, there were practically no convoluted tubules with spermatocytes in the metaphase of the 2nd maturation division (with the 12th stage of meiosis) and tubules with desquamated spermatogenic epithelium, the index of spermatogenesis decreased by almost 6.5 times. The introduction of natural origin drugs led to an improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of spermatogenesis. Conclusion. In the conditions of irradiation exposure, Chondroitin sulfate has more significant regenerative properties, the effect of which is almost 1.9 times better than the effect of the reference drug Tribestan. The effectiveness of "Bioglobin-U" in these experimental conditions was somewhat inferior to Chondroitin sulfate, but this drug was almost 1.4 times more effective than the reference drug Tribestan. The combination of Tribestan and the substance Chondroitin sulfate was more than 1.4 times more effective than the reference drug Tribestan itself
Influence of L-Glutamic Acid and L-Cysteine on Hemopoesis and Immune Status Indicators of Rats under the Toxic Effect of Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38,Vasyl Stus St., Lviv 79034, Ukraine, Salyha N. O.
Published: October 2020

The rapidly increasing use of xenobiotics in our life stimulates to pay greater attention to the toxic effect of these compounds on human and animal organism. The purpose of our work was to study the changes in hematological and immunological parameters of rat blood under the action of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and additional administration of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and L-cysteine (L-Cys) both separately and in the complex. Material and methods. Studies were conducted on albino Wistar rats (males), weighing 200–220 g. They were housed in cages under standard laboratory conditions with a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. All rats had free access to a standard rodent diet and water ad libitum. After 1 week of acclimatization, the rats were divided into five experimental groups. Animals from first (D1), second (D2), third (D3) and fourth (D4) experimental groups were intraperitoneally exposed to chlorpyrifos. After that rats from the second experimental group were treated with an aqueous solution of L-Glu rats of the third experimental group received L-Glu and L-Cys, rats of the fourth experimental group took L-Cys. Rats of the control group were administered to the appropriate amount of saline. Rats of the control group were administered to the appropriate amount of saline. After the end of exposure period, animals were euthanized. The total number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, white blood cell count, indicators of T- and B-cell immunity was determined in the blood. All procedures were conducted according to the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986) and General Ethical Principles of Experiments using Animals (First National Congress of Bioethics, Kyiv, 2001), in accordance with current legislation on animal experimentation in Ukraine. Results and discussion. Our results showed that the chlorpyrifos group of animals reflected in decrease in the total number of erythrocytes, the number of lymphocytes on the background of neutrophil increasing, changes in the number of total T-lymphocytes with medium receptor density. Conclusion. Additional administration of amino acids had a positive effect on animals
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Improving Financial Performance (Case study in Indonesian Islamic Bank)
Authors: Mukhibad Hasan , Muthmainah Muthmainah , Andraeny Dita
Published: October 2020

The influence of social care by business entities to their financial performance has been continuously debated in previous management reseearch. Nevertheless, studies about the influence of CSR on Islamic banks financial performance were rarely done. Therefore, this studyaims to examine the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) on profitability as measured by Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Investment Account Holders (IAH) by debt and financing ratio. Data was obtained from Islamic banks in Indonesia through observation from 2012 to 2018 that analyzed by panel data regression and Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that the CSRD did not have a positive influence on ROA, ROE, NPM, IAH, Debt, and Financing Ratio. Therefore, the legitimacy theory was not proven in this study.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Morocco: Are Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Socialy Responsible?
Authors: Ait MHAMED Hind
Published: October 2020

CSR's dynamism in Moroccan business is very recent. It was started in 2006 with the initiative of the Moroccan Confederation of business associations (CGEM) through the CSR label. Nowadays, more than 70 companies in the majority of large firms had been labelled. In the same year, the Moroccan Kingdom accedes to the Global Compact. At the policy level, the country has presented its achievements regarding the objectives millennia and began the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development. In this dynamism, what about SMEs? Which are the key importance of the Moroccan economy? Therefore, the study aims to explore the existence of a specific CSR in the Moroccan context by focusing on SMEs' social practices. This study uses a qualitative approach based on a case study method that aimed at a scoping study in Moroccan CSR's nature. Our analysis demonstrates that SMEs' social practices would be socially responsible ones' and would reflect an implicit CSR that explained by the motivations of these practices and the relationship of SMEs with its stakeholders
The Synergy Model for Strengthening the Productivity of Indonesian Halal Industry
Authors: Yudha Ana Toni Roby Candra , Pauzi Nasif Sidquee , Mohd Azli Rafidah Binti
Published: October 2020

Halal industry has become a new commodity that is favoured by all countries around the world, including Indonesia. The main challenge of halal industry development is strengthening its position as a producer in the global halal industry market. This study aims to investigate the number of policy proposals relating to strengthening the productivity of the halal industry in Indonesia and then develop a model of synergy over this matter. This study uses a qualitative study approach, with literature review, observation and interview as data collection methods. The results obtained from this study include several things, specifically; the focus of economic development in Indonesia is fundamentally still focused on the processed industry, which incidentally is dominated by imported raw materials. Based on the results of the analysis of the discussion, the implications of these studies is providing input for authorities such as BPJH, MUI and related ministries to adjust the regulation that address the main business challenge of halal industry. Besides, the government should give special authority to state-owned and private sharia banks to finance the halal industries and agricultural to support their sustainable development.
How Islamic Bank Managing Risk? An Emphasis on Anticipating Financial Crisis
Authors: Viphindrartin Sebastiana , Zainuri Zainuri , Anugrah Muhammad Zilmi
Published: October 2020

The global economic crisis in 2008 shocked and pressured Indonesian macroeconomic and financial system stability. The decline in macroeconomic stability has an impact on banking policy in lending. Most banks in the world respond to the crisis by doing credit rationing, but how about Islamic bank response toward this condition in Indonesia? Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and macroeconomic variables on the amount of Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the SVAR (Structural Vector Auto Regression) analysis method. The results showed that inflation, capital, and CAR variables had a significant effect on Islamic bank’s financing amount. In contrast, GDP had no significant impact on Islamic bank’s financing amount which means that Islamic banking in Indonesia was not implemented pro-cyclical based lending policy.
Revisiting Green Marketing Implementation in Halal Cosmetic Brands
Authors: Arifah Ika Diyah Candra
Published: October 2020

The growing green consumer who selecting products that socially and environmentally ethical products, encourages cosmetics producers in Indonesia to produce more environmentally friendly product in terms of materials, ingredients, packaging, and even the strategy to promote it. As this market segment continues to grow and develop, cosmetics manufacturers are required to be more competitive by applying green marketing values. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how halal cosmetic brands applying green marketing based on the concept of green marketing strategy and Islamic Marketing Ethics (IME). This case study uses a qualitative research approach that selecting four top halal cosmetic brands that marketed in Indonesia. Data was analyzed by data triangulation and method triangulation approach and presented in inductive summary. The results of the study concluded that among the top four halal cosmetics brands studied, two brands had implemented the concept of green marketing strategy and implementation comprehensively (shaded green and extreme green), while the other two brands applied lean green and defensive marketing strategy and implementation. The implication of this research is to provide suggestion to managerial marketing about how to create a more captivating halal products for all customers. The novelty of research proposes how is the level of Indonesian halal cosmetic brands green strategy that applying Islamic Marketing Ethics (IME).
Econometric Evidence on Self-Determination Theory in Learning Calculus Among Agribusiness Students
Authors: Casinillo Leomarich F , Casinillo Emily L
Published: October 2020

Self-determination theory is a study of individual interest and motivation which plays a vital role in good and productive performance in learning. This study focus on the agribusiness students’ motivation in learning Calculus as part of their curriculum. Using econometric models, this study identified some statistically significant factors of motivation. The study employed 121 agribusiness students as respondents using stratified random sampling in the first semester of SY 2019-2020. Results revealed that most of the agribusiness students are motivated in learning calculus. Female student is more likely motivated compared to male students. Females are more focusing on their studies while males are affected by online games. The study revealed that learning attitude and health are significant factors of motivation in learning. Also, students’ experience in calculus makes them creative in the classroom which positively contributes to their interest. Perhaps, this students makes or invents new ideas in the learning environment. Results documented that problems encountered in the classroom does not affects their interest in learning. Furthermore, results showed that their perception to their calculus teacher is relatively high which is a significant factor to their motivation. In fact, their teachers are the most important factor that contributes to their level of achievement in Calculus, more important than any other school resources.
PERAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION (CSO) DALAM PERUMUSAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK (KAJIAN DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO)
Authors: Mahardhani Ardhana Januar , Sulton Sulton , Sunarto Sunarto
Published: October 2020

Setelah memasuki era reformasi, pergerakan Civil Society Organization (CSO) di Indonesia lebih berperan sebagai penyeimbang negara, peran itupun juga berlaku pada CSO yang ada di daerah, keberadaan CSO tersebut menjadi sangat penting karena menjadi alternatif penyeimbang antara kepala daerah dan DPRD, oleh karena itu keberadaan CSO dapat menjadi bagian terpenting dalam proses  perumusan kebijakan agar lebih sehat, bersifat terbuka dan partisipatif. Kabupaten Ponorogo merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang sangat dinamis dalam hal keberadaan CSO yang ada ataupun kegiatan pemerintah dalam keluarnya kebijakan. Dalam proses politik yang timbul dalam penentuan kebijakan juga melibatkan peran CSO dalam rangka untuk memperkecil polemik yang ada di masyarakat Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif diskriptif karena akan menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Dari hasil penelitian, didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu Kabupaten Ponorogo akan melibatkan CSO dalam rangka menjaga prinsip keterbukaan dalam good governance, adapun peran CSO tersebut adalah: 1) Menjadi penghubung antara masyarakat dan pemerintah, 2) Mengakomodasi kepentingan masyarakat, 3) Mendorong adanya jaringan antar kelompok masyarakat, dan 4) Membangun kolaborasi antara pemerintah, masyarakat, serta pihak ketiga.
UPAYA MINIMALISASI KECURANGAN YANG TERJADI PADA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN
Authors: Nitsae Oli Gretia , Nurkholis Nurkholis , Purwanti Lilik
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris mengenai pengaruh kesesuaian kompensasi, peran auditor internal, dan budaya etis terhadap kecurangan yang dimoderasi sistem pengendalian internal pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Pengujian dilakukan untuk 201 responden yang mewakili pegawai yang memiliki jabatan di instansi pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesesuaian kompensasi dan budaya etis berpengaruh negatif terhadap kecurangan, serta sistem pengendalian internal memoderasi kesesuaian kompensasi terhadap kecurangan. Sedangkan, peran auditor internal tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan, serta sistem pengendalian internal tidak memoderasi peran auditor internal dan budaya etis terhadap kecurangan. Penelitian ini mendukung teori fraud triangle dimana tekanan dapat diatasi dengan pemberian kompensasi yang sesuai dan budaya etis berperan mengurangi rasionalisasi serta sistem pengendalian internal yang baik juga dapat mengurangi kesempatan melakukan kecurangan.
KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL SEKTOR PUBLIK
Authors: Fanani Abdul Fatah , Iqbal Mahathir Muhammad , Astutik Wahyu , Lestari Yuni
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan tentang kebutuhan terhadap kepemimpinan transformasional di negara Indonesia. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh terjadinya degradasi moral bangsa yang menggerogoti sendi-sendi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Berkembangnya korupsi, kolusi, dan nepotisme sebagai bukti begitu parahnya degradasi moral bangsa Indonesia, yang hampir menjerumuskan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) ke dalam jurang kehancuran. Hadirnya beberapa tokoh pemimpin yang reformis yang mencirikan kepemimpinan transformasional pada era roformasi ini, khususnya di sektor publik memberi angin segar bagi permasalahan krisis kepemimpinan dan ketidakpercayaan masyarakat (distrust) kepada pemimpinnya. Para pemimpin transformasional ini memiliki jiwa altruisme dan filantropi yang tinggi. Mereka mampu menunjukkan kepeduliannya kepada masyarakat yang dipimpinnya, meskipun menghadapi tantangan dan ancaman dari berbagai pihak yang berseberangan dengan haluan politiknya. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode library research. Materi yang digunakan dalam menyusun artikel ini menggunakan bahan-bahan bacaan dan data skunder. Materi, data serta informasi yang terkumpul  kemudian disusun dan dianalisis, sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan. Dalam artikel ini menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional sector publik sangat dibutuhkan di Indonesia pada saat ini. Keteladanan dan keberhasilan beberapa pemimpin transformasional yang telah ada menjadi panutan bagi pemimpin dan masyarakat. Keberanian dalam mengambil kebijakan untuk kepentingan masyarakat banyak dan kemampuan merubah mind set masyarakat yang dipimpinnya sehingga mendukung kebijakannya mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kemampuannya pemimpin transformasional dalam mentransformasikan ide dan gagasan untuk kemajuan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang dipimpin menunjukkan keberhasilan yang signifikan.
Transformation of the Educational Ecosystem in the Singularity Environment
Authors: Andriushchenko Kateryna , Kovtun Vita , Cherniaieva Oleksandra , Datsii Nadiia , Aleinikova Olena , Mykolaiets Anatolii
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed at creating an effective model of the educational ecosystem in a singularity environment. The study is based on a system of general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, the method of expert assessment, the method of analogy and comparative analysis. The experts, with the support of facilitators, visualized the possible future of education as a symbiosis of individual and collective learning paths that connect learners with many learning spaces and educational opportunities. To ensure the operability of such a model of the educational ecosystem, it is necessary to create tools and processes that support personal and collective learning and development throughout life, including: processes and tools that help determine the goals of learners; educational processes integrated into the educational trajectory and developing various aspects of personal and collective existence through holistic educational experiences, including play and co-creation; processes and tools that measure learning outcomes; educational spaces and technologies that help to combine personal and collective educational trajectories, coordinating individual educational needs with the evolving needs of communities. These processes can be integrated into "ecosystem" systems of educational process management (in which personal and collective learning paths can be combined, and which connect learners with many learning spaces and educational opportunities).
Guide Pedagogical Students to Design and Organize Experience-based Learning Activities in Schools
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hang , Nguyen Huu Quan , Chu Hoang Mau
Published: October 2020

In Vietnam, experiential activities and experience-based learning models were first introduced in 2018 into the general education curriculum and they will be applied when implementing this program. Therefore, the teacher training program at university of education should meet the requirements of general education reform. In particular, it is essential to guide pedagogical students to design and organise experiential learning activities in the school. This study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a course of guiding to design and organise experience-based learning in schools for Vietnamese pedagogical students who will plan to implement experience-based learning activities into their teaching. A course in a 60-hour instructional process (including 30 hours of self-studying) with 5 activities designed to be experiential, enables our students to simultaneously explore and practice experience-based learning activities. The results of designing and organising 55 experience-based learning activity plans were obtained from one hundred and nine participants of the Faculty of Biology, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Vietnam who assessed the instructional process beneficially. The research group also proposed five effective measures to organise experiential learning in high school. This tutorial process will continue to be improved and implemented in subsequent courses to contribute to the renovation of higher education and meet the general educational improvement in Vietnam.
Novice Teachers’ Challenges and Coping Strategies in Qatari Government Schools
Authors: AL-Naimi Shaikha R , Romanowski Michael H , Du Xiangyun
Published: October 2020

This study examined the challenges novice teachers encountered in Qatari government schools and the coping strategies they adopt. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 15 novice teachers during their initial years of teaching. The findings demonstrated that most participants faced several personal challenges and other challenges within and beyond the school. Findings also indicated that these teachers confronted these challenges using various coping strategies. The challenges facing novice teachers include teaching and classroom, government, and administrative, and professional challenges. Novice teachers' coping strategies included individual internal peace strategies, active communication, and changing environment. Finally, based on these findings, suggestions are provided to support novice teachers' long-term success in Qatari government schools or similar contexts.
Müzelerin Açık Mekan Kalitesi ve Kullanıcı Tercihleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme
Authors: BEKAR Makbulenur , GÜLPINAR SEKBAN Demet Ülkü
Published: October 2020

Günümüzde, insanların ihtiyaç ve isteklerinin artması farklı etkinlik çeşitlerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Kentsel açık alanlar ise bu ihtiyaçların gerçekleştirildiği en önemli alanlar arasındadır. Kentin sahip olduğu açık mekânların doğru şekilde tasarlanması, kaliteli ve daha yaşanabilir kentler oluşmasına imkân sağlamaktadır. Canlı ve cansız birçok bileşenden oluşan kentlerde tarihi yapılar en önemli envanterler arasındadır. Bu yapılar arasında olan bazı müzeler yerel yabancı birçok çok kullanıcıyı çekmekte ve geçmiş ile günümüz arasında köprü görevi görmektedir. Kapalı mekanlarının yanısıra açık mekanlara da sahip olan müzelerde ise bu potansiyelin iyi değerlendirmesi durumunda mekân kalitesini artmakta ve kullanıcı tercihlerini bu mekânlara doğru çekmektedir. Kullanıcılarda artık bu müzeleri bir defalığına değil açık mekanlarında boş vakitlerini değerlendirmek ve sosyalleşmek için daha fazla ziyaret edeceklerdir. Yapılan bu çalışma kapsamında, Trabzon ilinde bulunan ve en çok turist çeken tarihi müzeler arasında yer alan; Atatürk Köşkü Müzesi, Trabzon Müzesi ve Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Osmanlı Kültür Evi ve Müzesi incelenmiştir. Mekansal kalite konusunda yapılan çalışmalar, genellikle kent, mahalle, konut, park vb. ölçektedir. Bu nedenle, yapılan bu çalışmanın tarihi envanterler üzerindeki mekânsal kaliteyi sorgulaması çalışmanın özgün nitelikleri arasındadır. Bu kapsamda oluşturulan mekan kalitesi parametreleri yapılan literatür çalışmaları değerlendirilerek oluşturulmuştur. Sonuçlar SPSS 23.0 ile değerlendirilmiş ve müzelerin açık mekanlarının kaliteleri kullanıcı tercihleri doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir.
Psychophysiological effects of gum chewing on cognitive performance: A gender-based comparative study
Authors: Sheikh Saniya , Fazal Amaila , Mirza Faizan
Published: October 2020

Background: Chewing before performing a cognitive task increases oxygen levels in the Central Nervous System (CNS) areas important for processes of learning and memory. This study was done to evaluate and compare the effects of chewing gum on reaction time, visual short term memory, selective attention, verbal and non-verbal reasoning, and problem-solving ability in healthy male and female subjects.Methodology: The comparative, gender-based, interventional study was conducted involving 300 individuals placed in the control (n=150) and interventional group (n=150). Participants in the interventional group were required to chew gum till they completed the task. A questionnaire was designed to record the reaction time, memory, attention, executive and intellectual functioning and time took to solve each parameter. Each subject in both control and interventional group completed the questionnaire with and without chewing gum, respectively. Results for the two groups were compared using SPSS version 20.0.Results: It was found that the gum chewing group performs significantly better than the control group, thus chewing gum significantly improves cognitive performance. These cognitive effects of chewing were comparable among the two genders but relatively more pronounced among male participants as compared to females.Conclusion: Chewing gum is positively associated with higher level of cognitive performance than controls.
The chaos of healing: Risking mental health amid COVID19 in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sadaf
Published: October 2020

In any natural disaster, burdens of fear, insecurity, and stigmatization are ubiquitous and may act as hurdles to proper health interventions. Based on an understanding gleaned from a historical point of view of the psychosocial effect of past viral epidemics, the development and implementation of mental health assessment, support, treatment, and services are vital and persuasive aims for the health response to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. COVID19 related Catastrophes vary in dimensions and scope but have affected single or multiple-family residences, districts, populations, regions, or the state as a whole. Virtual Mental health crisis intervention started helping communities mitigate the effects of the disaster and related loss by providing family, neighbourhood, and community preparedness and resilience.
Are countries preparing for a responsible lockdown exit strategy?
Authors: Jane Tracy , Syed A. Aziz
Published: October 2020

Maybe, or truly, in barely some weeks, leaders across the world should start making decisions about lifting lockdown policies, with considerable social, economic and political consequences. We aim to propose a strategy for what could even be arguably the foremost challenging health challenge that governments globally have faced since the beginning of this century: a responsible lockdown exit strategy. Several Asian countries are successfully combating their COVID-19 pandemics through a mix of assorted measures like large-scale testing, isolation and quarantine, in parallel with moderate countries like Asian countries or much stronger China social-distancing measures. They have also relied on a rapid upscaling of testing capacity and up hailed by mobilization of thousands of physicians recruited to perform measures.
Hysterectomy in the Mentally Disabled Female: An Ethical Dilemma
Authors: Rana Anna
Published: October 2020

The establishment of menstrual hygiene, specifically among the mentally disabled females, is one of the most critical concerns posing challenges for the individual, family and caretaker. Although the performance of hysterectomy among females with intellectual disabilities (ID) is now trending, but it has given rise to many ethical questions. Therefore, the study aimed to address the ethical dilemmas associated with hysterectomy among ID females, taking reference from a case of 19-year-old female, unable to practice menstrual hygiene.
Post Viral Acute Cerebellar Ataxia following Chickenpox (Varicella) in a toddler
Authors: Ali Asghar Sarrah , Tahir Faryal , Majid Zainab , Qadar Laila Tul , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Hussain
Published: October 2020

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the most common infections of childhood causing chickenpox, which in a majority of cases is self-limiting without any complicating consequences. However, in a meagre 0.01-0.03% cases, chickenpox may lead to serious neurological complications. Among them is acute cerebellar ataxia, which presents with the characteristic sign of broad-based gait abnormality, progressing gradually over the course of days, the mechanism of which is still debated upon. As a treatment option, the use of antiviral remains controversial, and some recommend it for better prognosis while others do not base on its autoimmune pathogenesis. This case is being communicated due to its rarity.

Case Presentation: A case of a two-year-old female with a recent history of chickenpox eruption presented with the complaint of progressive loss of normal gait and difficulty in talking followed by generalized to-and-fro movements of her body leading to a diagnosis of post-viral acute cerebellar ataxia. There was no significant history of any past illnesses. Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine was given at birth, later followed by a single dose of pentavalent (Penta) vaccine.

Management: Central nervous system (CNS) examination showed ataxic gait, pupils bilaterally equally reflective to light (BERL), nystagmus, dysmetria, and decreased muscle tone. Laboratory investigations were within the normal range. Imaging modalities that were all normal excluded other causes, including metabolic, tumors, and toxins. The patient was empirically treated with IV acyclovir BD for one week.

Conclusion: As the rash of chickenpox resolves spontaneously in most cases, it is important that children infected with VZV should be closely observed for any neurological symptoms for timely and effective intervention.