bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviewing the progress of corrosion fatigue research on marine structures
Authors: Yang Yuefu , Chen Chaohe , Zhuang Yifeng , Suo Zhijia
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress of research into corrosion fatigue on marine structures, both theoretical and experimental. This includes corrosion fatigue life prediction models/methods, load–environment interaction/coupling test methods, accelerated corrosion methods in corrosion fatigue testing, fatigue crack measurement, and corrosion fatigue life assessment in the whole life period. To date, some theoretical models and methods for predicting the corrosion fatigue life of metallic materials or structures have been proposed and applied. Meanwhile, load–environment interaction/coupling testing on metallic material specimens has been maturely developed and widely applied. Some newly developed corrosion fatigue theoretical and experimental methods, based on data-driven machine learning and at-sea monitoring, have received preliminary application. This review of accelerated corrosion methods, fatigue crack measurement methods, and corrosion fatigue life assessment for marine structures in the whole-life period has been undertaken by extensive reference to relevant studies conducted worldwide. Challenges and recommendations for further developing and improving corrosion fatigue assessment methods and test techniques are also reported and discussed.
Mesoscopic numerical simulation of chloride diffusion behavior in cracked recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Liu Jing
Published: August 2024

The cracking of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is well known to promotes the chloride diffusion, accelerates the corrosion of reinforcement embedded in RAC. To reveal the mechanism of chloride diffusion in RAC under cracking, a multiphase mesoscopic model for chloride diffusion in RAC was proposed. It should be noted that RAC is regarded as eight-phase composite materials consisting of coarse aggregate, reinforcement, new and old mortar, new and old interface transition zones (ITZ), cracks, and damage zones. The effects of the width and depth of cracks and damage zones on chloride diffusion behavior in RAC after cracking were further investigated. The numerical simulation results show that the damage zones accelerate the chloride diffusion and exacerbates the accumulation effect of chloride at the crack tip. Compared to the crack depth, the crack width of RAC has a small effect on chloride diffusion behavior, especially, the crack width is less than 50 µm. More importantly, the chloride diffusion streamline generated by numerical simulation reveals the mechanism of cracks promoting chloride diffusion. The research in this paper provides new insights into the durability design of RAC by revealing the diffusion behavior of chloride ions in RAC.
Learning curve of ovarian cystectomy by vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: a cumulative sum analysis
Authors: Tan Kailiang , Wei Liufei , Deng Zengmei , Yao Desheng , Jiang Li
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To identify the learning curve in ovarian cystectomy by vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.

Methods

Data consist of consecutively ordered patients who underwent ovarian cystectomy via vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery between May 2020 and June 2023. The learning curve of ovarian cystectomy via vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery was measured in terms of the operating time adjusted by multivariate linear regression. A cumulative sum analysis was performed to establish the learning curve. Patients’ characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared based on the inflection points of this curve.

Results

The learning curve was divided into two unique phases: phase 1 (1–26 patients), and phase 2 (27–40 patients). The expected operating time in phase 2 was shorter than in phase 1 (86.4 ± 11.2 min vs. 102.0 ± 22.7 min, p = 0.021). The time to first postoperative flatus was shorter in phase 2 compared with phase 1 (14.6 ± 6.5 h vs. 20.6 ± 6.3 h, respectively, p = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in terms of patient’s age, BMI, tumor size, parity, bilateral ovarian tumor, pathological diagnoses, estimated blood loss, postoperative pain score, or perioperative complications between the two phases.

Conclusion

Proficiency in ovarian cystectomy by vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery was achieved after 26 surgeries based on cumulative sum analysis. These findings may provide insight for structured training programs of ovarian cystectomy via vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
Antibiotic resistance and virulence characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from Ningbo, China
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , Liang Shanyan , Li Xin , Hu Wenjin , Li Xi , Lei Liusheng , Lin Huai
Published: August 2024

Background

Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a deadly opportunistic human pathogen with high mortality worldwide. Notably, climate warming is likely to expand its geographical range and increase the infection risk for individuals in coastal regions. However, due to the absence of comprehensive surveillance systems, the emergence and characteristics of clinical V. vulnificus isolates remain poorly understood in China.

Methods

In this study, we investigate antibiotic resistance, virulence including serum resistance, and hemolytic ability, as well as molecular characteristics of 21 V. vulnificus isolates collected from patients in Ningbo, China.

Results and discussion

The results indicate that all isolates have been identified as potential virulent vcg C type, with the majority (16 of 21) classified as 16S rRNA B type. Furthermore, these isolates exhibit a high level of antibiotic resistance, with 66.7% resistance to more than three antibiotics and 61.9% possessing a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index exceeding 0.2. In terms of virulence, most isolates were categorized as grade 1 in serum resistance, with one strain, S12, demonstrating intermediate sensitivity in serum resistance, belonging to grade 3. Whole genome analysis disclosed the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) in these strains. The strains share substantial VF genes associated with adherence, iron uptake, antiphagocytosis, toxin, and motility. In particular, key VFs such as capsule (CPS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) are prevalent in all isolates. Specifically, S12 possesses a notably high number of VF genes (672), which potentially explains its higher virulence. Additionally, these strains shared six ARGs, namely, PBP3, adeF, varG, parE, and CRP, which likely determine their antibiotic resistance phenotype.

Conclusion

Overall, our study provides valuable baseline information for clinical tracking, prevention, control, and treatment of V. vulnificus infections.
Molecular dynamic simulation reveals the inhibiting impact of Rhein on wild-type and P29S-mutated Rac1
Authors: Etebar Negar , Hamidi Seyed Hootan , Naderpour Saghi , Abouali Omar , Hamidi Seyedeh Harir , Hajipour-Verdom Behnam , Zali Alireza , Alipour Mozhgan , Rahimzadegan Milad
Published: August 2024

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a small GTPase belonging to the Rho family. It acts as a binary molecular switch regulating several cellular functions, including cell adhesion and migration. Malfunctions due to the P29S mutation in Rac1 increase the stability of the activated form of Rac1. This sustained activation can drive aberrant cellular processes associated with cancer, such as cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Therefore, finding an inhibitor that can inhibit the mutant form of the protein is very important. Rhein, a natural compound with diverse pharmacological properties, has been studied in relation to Rac1. However, specific interactions between Rhein and Rac1 have not been examined. In this study, we investigated the potential of Rhein, a natural compound, as an inhibitor of two forms of Rac1: the wild type and the P29S mutation, using molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicated that the P29S mutation led to structural changes in the Rac1 protein, which resulted in greater accessibility of the Rhein to the active site. In addition, the binding energy of Rhein to mutant Rac1 was more negative than the native protein. Therefore, it seems that the Rhein has a better inhibitory effect on the P29S-mutated form of the Rac1 protein.
Recent advances and applications of human brain models
Authors: Nishimura Kaneyasu , Osaki Hironobu , Tezuka Kotaro , Nakashima Daisuke , Numata Shintaro , Masamizu Yoshito
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have prompted the emergence of new research fields and applications for human neurons and brain organoids. Brain organoids have gained attention as an in vitro model system that recapitulates the higher structure, cellular diversity and function of the brain to explore brain development, disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This progress has been accelerated by abundant interactions of brain organoid technology with various research fields. A cross-disciplinary approach with human brain organoid technology offers a higher-ordered advance for more accurately understanding the human brain. In this review, we summarize the status of neural induction in two- and three-dimensional culture systems from hPSCs and the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases using brain organoids. We also highlight the latest bioengineered technologies for the assembly of spatially higher-ordered neural tissues and prospects of brain organoid technology toward the understanding of the potential and abilities of the human brain.
The neuroanatomical organization of the hypothalamus is driven by spatial and topological efficiency
Authors: Smith Nathan R. , Ameen Shabeeb , Miller Sierra N. , Kasper James M. , Schwarz Jennifer M. , Hommel Jonathan D. , Borzou Ahmad
Published: August 2024

The hypothalamus in the mammalian brain is responsible for regulating functions associated with survival and reproduction representing a complex set of highly interconnected, yet anatomically and functionally distinct, sub-regions. It remains unclear what factors drive the spatial organization of sub-regions within the hypothalamus. One potential factor may be structural connectivity of the network that promotes efficient function with well-connected sub-regions placed closer together geometrically, i.e., the strongest axonal signal transferred through the shortest geometrical distance. To empirically test for such efficiency, we use hypothalamic data derived from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas, which provides a structural connectivity map of mouse brain regions derived from a series of viral tracing experiments. Using both cost function minimization and comparison with a weighted, sphere-packing ensemble, we demonstrate that the sum of the distances between hypothalamic sub-regions are not close to the minimum possible distance, consistent with prior whole brain studies. However, if such distances are weighted by the inverse of the magnitude of the connectivity, their sum is among the lowest possible values. Specifically, the hypothalamus appears within the top 94th percentile of neural efficiencies of randomly packed configurations and within one standard deviation of the median efficiency when packings are optimized for maximal neural efficiency. Our results, therefore, indicate that a combination of geometrical and topological constraints help govern the structure of the hypothalamus.
Assessing causal association of circulating micronutrients and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Shihui , Wei Xuemei , Qin Fang , Yuan Zongxiang , Mo Chuye , Kang Yiwen , Huang Chunlin , Jiang Junjun , Ye Li
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous studies showed the conflicting associations between circulating micronutrient levels and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, we aimed to clarify the causal association between circulating micronutrient levels and the risk of SLE by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with 14 circulating micronutrients (vitamin A, B6, B9, B12, C, D and E, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, and selenium) in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used as instrumental variables (IVs). And summary statistics related to SLE were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database. We used the MR Steiger test to estimate the possible causal direction between circulating micronutrients and SLE. In the MR analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) method and the Wald ratio was as the main methods., Moreover, the MR-Pleiotropy residuals and outliers method (MR-PRESSO), Cochrane’s Q-test, MR-Egger intercept method and leave-one-out analyses were applied as sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective analysis involving the 20,045 participants from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III). Weight variables were provided in the NHANES data files. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between circulating micronutrients and SLE.

Results

The MR estimates obtained from the IVW method revealed potential negative correlations between circulating calcium (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.49, P = 0.009), iron levels (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.92, P = 0.016) and the risk of SLE. The results remained robust, even under various pairs of sensitivity analyses. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that the levels of vitamin D, serum total calcium, and serum iron were significantly lower in SLE patients (N = 40) when compared to the control group (N = 20,005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further established that increased levels of vitamin D and serum total calcium served as protective factors against SLE.

Conclusion

Our results provided genetic evidence supporting the potential protective role of increasing circulating calcium in the risk of SLE. Maintaining adequate levels of calcium may help reduce the risk of SLE.
Bidirectional relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: insights from a comprehensive meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Daya , Wang Qi , Bai Feihu
Published: August 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represent significant concerns in global health. However, the precise relationship between H. pylori and NAFLD remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study endeavors to elucidate the association between H. pylori infection and the susceptibility to NAFLD. Furthermore, we aim to investigate the interplay among H. pylori infection, NAFLD, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

We conducted an extensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases spanning from inception to January 2024. Our examination focused on rigorous studies investigating the correlation between H. pylori infection and NAFLD. Utilizing a random-effects model, we computed the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, we assessed statistical heterogeneity, performed sensitivity analyses, and scrutinized the potential for publication bias.

Results

Thirty-four studies involving 175,575 individuals were included in our meta-analysis. Among these, 14 studies (involving 94,950 patients) demonstrated a higher incidence of NAFLD in H. pylori infection-positive individuals compared to H. pylori infection-negative individuals [RR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.10, 1.24), Z = 4.897, P < 0.001]. Seventeen studies (involving 74,928 patients) indicated a higher positive rate of H. pylori infection in patients with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD [RR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.02, 1.24), Z = 2.395, P = 0.017]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, and funnel plot analysis revealed no significant publication bias. Furthermore, we observed associations between H. pylori infection or NAFLD and various metabolic factors, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids, liver function, and kidney function.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis presents evidence supporting a reciprocal relationship between H. pylori infection and the susceptibility to NAFLD. Nevertheless, additional investigations are warranted to bolster this correlation and unravel the underlying mechanisms involved.
The effects of raspberry consumption on anthropometric indices and liver function tests in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shahraki Jazinaki Mostafa , Barghchi Hanieh , Rahbarinejad Pegah , Pahlavani Naseh
Published: August 2024

Background

In recent years, the therapeutic effects of raspberry have been the subject of several randomized control trials (RCTs). However, there is no consensus about the effect of raspberry consumption on anthropometric indices and liver function tests. So, the present review aims to investigate this effectiveness by conducting a meta-analysis.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify eligible randomized control trials (RCTs) up to March 2024. The overall effect sizes were estimated using the random-effects model as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Nine studies (10 arms) with 355 participants were eligible for inclusion in this review. This meta-analysis showed that raspberry consumption did not lead to significant changes in anthropometric indices (weight, body mass index, and waist circumference) and liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase).

Conclusion

This review revealed that raspberry consumption had no significant impact on anthropometric indices or liver function tests. However, more RCTs with a larger sample size and higher sensitivity are needed to draw definite conclusions.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=477568, PROSPERO ID: CRD42023477568.
Advanced, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer management: in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Galicia-Carmona Tatiana , Arango-Bravo Eder Alexandro , Coronel-Martínez Jaime A. , Cetina-Pérez Lucely , Vanoye-Carlo Elva G. , Villalobos-Valencia Ricardo , García-Pacheco José A. , Cortés-Esteban Patricia
Published: August 2024

Cervical cancer constitutes a significant health burden for women worldwide despite being preventable by vaccination and screening. Advanced stages of the disease are associated with a poor prognosis, and treatment approaches have seen little change over several decades, resulting in an overall survival rate of no more than 17 months. Additionally, there are limited options for second-line treatment. The urgent need for innovative and effective therapies to improve the outlook for this group of patients, along with an enhanced understanding of the interactions between the disease and the host’s immune system, has propelled immunotherapy into a rapidly advancing field with notable achievements. Among various immunotherapeutic approaches, immune checkpoint inhibitors emerge as the most advanced treatment option. Clinical trials assessing these inhibitors as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy show promising results. As immunotherapy begins to redefine standards of care for metastatic, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer, this review addresses recent advances and current recommendations for its management in both first and second-line treatment. The goal is to provide insights into the evolving landscape of cervical cancer treatment, specifically focusing on immunotherapeutic interventions.
MSH6 germline mutations leading to Lynch syndrome-associated cholangiocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Ma Subo , Li Shixing , Chen Zhengfu , Song Runda , Wang Zhanpeng
Published: August 2024

Lynch syndrome, a hereditary cancer susceptibility syndrome, arises from pathogenic mutations in mismatch repair genes. This syndrome is strongly linked to colorectal and endometrial cancers, as well as an elevated risk for other cancers such as gastric, ovarian, renal pelvis/ureter, and prostate. Notably, Lynch syndrome is rarely associated with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In this case study, we present a unique instance of Lynch syndrome-related CCA resulting from a singular MSH6 mutation. Notably, our findings reveal discrepancies between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and microsatellite stability results compared to genetic testing outcomes. This discrepancy underscores the limitations of solely relying on IHC analysis and microsatellite stability testing for the detection of hereditary tumors, emphasizing the crucial role of genetic testing in such cases. This insight enhances our comprehension of the mechanisms involved in cancer development and underscores the significance of thorough analysis integrating immunohistochemistry and genetic testing for diagnosing Lynch syndrome-related cancers.
Confirming the efficacy and safety of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the first-line treatment of HR+ advanced breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guan Xin , Li Mengyuan , Ji Xinyue , Wang Yufei , Tian Lei
Published: August 2024

Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors (abemaciclib, palbociclib and ribociclib) have been recommended in the first-line treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer in China. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CDK4/6 inhibitors by processing survival data using fractional polynomial modeling methods.

Methods: Phase II or III randomized controlled trials in treatment-naive HR + patients with advanced breast cancer were systematically searched through the preset search strategy. The fractional polynomial (FP) model was used to relax the proportional hazard assumption and obtain time-varying hazard ratio (HR). Progression-free life years (PFLYs) and life years (LYs) were calculated from the area under curve (AUC) of the predicted progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves to evaluate the long-term efficacy benefit. Odds ratio (OR) of grade≥3 adverse events were analyzed for safety outcomes.

Results: 6 randomized controlled trials with 2,638 patients were included. The first-order FP model (p = −1) and the first-order FP model (p = 1) were used to calculate the time-varying HR of PFS and OS, respectively. Extrapolating to 240 months, abemaciclib obtained a PFS benefit of 3.059 PFLYs and 6.275 LYs by calculating the AUC of the PFS and OS curves. Palbociclib obtained 2.302 PFLYs and 6.351 LYs. Ribociclib obtained 2.636 PFLYs and 6.543 LYs. In terms of safety, the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors resulted in a higher risk of adverse events (OR = 9.84, 95% CI: 8.13–11.95), especially for palbociclib (OR = 14.04, 95% CI: 10.52–18.90).

Conclusion: The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in treatment-naive patients with HR + advanced breast cancer significantly improves survival, but also increases the risk of adverse events. Abemaciclib and ribociclib may be the best options for prolonging PFS and OS in treatment-naïve patients, respectively.
Effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal footbaths as an adjuvant therapy for dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Xiaoping , Wei Jingwen , Zhuang Yijia , Lin Xiaoding , Liu Liu , Xia Jun , Huai Wenying , Xiong Ying , Chen Yunhui
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal footbaths (CHF) as an adjunctive therapy in managing dysmenorrhea.

Methods

Ten electronic databases were searched to identify eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from inception until June 2023. Outcome measurements encompassed the total effective rate, visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain intensity, Cox menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) score, symptom score, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scale, and any reported adverse events. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane collaboration tool. Review Manager 5.3 software was employed for quantitative synthesis, and funnel plots were utilized to evaluate potential reporting bias.

Results

Eighteen RCTs with 1,484 dysmenorrhea patients were included. The aggregated results suggested that the adjunctive CHF could significantly ameliorate dysmenorrhea, as evident from the improved total effective rate [risk ratio (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12 to 1.23, P < 0.00001], VAS (MD 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.09, P < 0.00001), CMSS (MD 3.61, 95% CI: 2.73 to 4.49, P < 0.00001), symptom score (SMD 1.09, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.53, P < 0.00001), and TCM syndrome scale (MD 3.76, 95% CI: 2.53 to 4.99, P < 0.0001). In addition, CHF presented fewer adverse events with a better long-term effect (RR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.63, P < 0.01) and diminished recurrence rate (RR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.39, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Current evidence implies that CHF may be an effective and safe adjunctive therapy for patients with dysmenorrhea. However, the methodological quality of the studies included was undesirable, necessitating further verification with more well-designed and high-quality multicenter RCTs.

Systematic Review Registration:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=188256, identifier registration number.
Pakistan’s national COVID-19 response: lessons from an emergent response to the pandemic
Authors: Khan Adnan Ahmad , Abdullah Mujahid , Khan Romesa , Kazmi Twangar , Sultan Faisal , Aamir Shirin , Khawaja Aamir Ashraf , Khan Ayesha
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In 2020, Pakistan faced the formidable challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic with an existing yet disjointed healthcare infrastructure, that included by over 18,000 public and an estimated 75,000 private health facilities and some elements of an epidemic surveillance and response system. This descriptive study examines how Pakistan developed a COVID-19 response, driven by establishing a central coordination and decision-making mechanism to overcome these systemic challenges.

Methods

The study is based on interviews and interactions of the many actors in the response by the authors, who also participated in nearly all proceedings of the National Command and Operation Centre (NCOC) and many of the National Coordination Committee (NCC). This information is supplemented by reviewing documents, reports, news items, media and social media, and journal articles.

Results

The study highlights the critical role of political arrangement, where the NCC, comprising of ministers, bureaucrats, and military personnel, facilitated federal and provincial integration. The NCC found resources and set policy. Its direction was implemented by the NCOC, a top-down yet inclusive platform, integrated political, military, and civil society actors, to ensure cohesive decision-making and implementation. It provided technical guidance, harnessed data for strategic decisions and held implementers accountable. At its peak, the NCOC boasted nearly 300 personnel, including high-ranking military officers, a stark contrast to the limited staffing in most ministries. In addition, the response’s success is attributed to the perception of COVID-19 as an existential threat, leading to unprecedented collaboration and decisive actions that were enforced authoritatively.

Conclusion

Pakistan’s experience offers valuable insights for proactive management of health emergencies in resource-limited settings. It underscores the necessity for inter-sectoral dialog and data-driven policy implementation, especially in the context of political economies where activity-driven governance often overshadows objective-driven policy execution. However, the lessons from the COVID-19 response, including a blueprint for future epidemic responses and lessons for use of data and evidence in developing country health systems, if not institutionalized, risk being lost in the post-pandemic era.
What Happens in Your Brain When You Meditate?
Authors: Ganesan Saampras , Van Dam Nicholas T. , Moffat Bradford A. , Lorenzetti Valentina , Zalesky Andrew
Published: August 2024

In everyday life, we are often distracted by our thoughts and feelings. We can even fail to notice that we are distracted and spend a lot of time daydreaming when we want to be focusing on something else. Sometimes, even if we notice that we are distracted, it can be hard to turn our attention back to whatever we were doing. Distraction and difficulty controlling attention can cause various problems. For example, some students find it difficult to learn because of frequent distractions and not paying attention in class. For other people, repeatedly thinking about bad memories or worries can affect their moods. Luckily, research suggests that we can learn to control our attention and manage distractions by practicing meditation. In this article, we introduce a simple method of meditation and describe what is going on in the brain when we meditate.
Low-latitude ionospheric responses and positioning performance of ground GNSS associated with the geomagnetic storm on March 13–14, 2022
Authors: Li Wenrui , Liu Tong , Zuo Pingbing , Zou Zhengyang , Ruan Mengsi , Wei Jiayun
Published: August 2024

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and the driven geomagnetic storms have a profound influence on the ionosphere, potentially leading to a degradation in positioning performance. In this study, we made a comprehensive analysis of the entire process of the impact of a typical ICME and its driven geomagnetic storm on the low-latitude ionosphere during March 13–14, 2022 (π-day storm) and the positioning performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). During the passage of the ICME event, significant ionospheric scintillation, and TEC (total electron content) disturbances were observed in the low-latitude Hong Kong region. The ICME sheath region intensively compressed the magnetosphere via solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement and subsequently drove the storm main phase. It is found that both the magnetospheric compression that formed the storm initial phase and the storm main phase caused ionospheric scintillation. In comparison, the intensity of the ionospheric scintillation caused by the intense magnetospheric compression just before the storm main phase is even more pronounced. We also analyzed the impact of storms on standard point positioning (SPP), precise point positioning (PPP) and real-time kinematic (RTK) techniques. The positioning accuracies of single-frequency SPP and PPP experienced the most severe decline, and there was a noticeable increase in the initialization time for dual-frequency static PPP and RTK during the event. RTK demonstrated a shorter convergence time and higher accuracy during this event, but it was limited to short-baseline RTK (<30 km).
Multi-functional properties of lactic acid bacteria strains derived from canine feces
Authors: Liu Yunjiang , Wang Jiali , Zheng Haohong , Xin Jialiang , Zhong Zhijun , Liu Haifeng , Fu Hualin , Zhou Ziyao , Qiu Xianmeng , Peng Guangneng
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Probiotics, especially Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), can promote the health of host animals in a variety of ways, such as regulating intestinal flora and stimulating the host’s immune system.

Methods

In this study, 206 LAB strains were isolated from 48 canine fecal samples. Eleven LAB strains were selected based on growth performance, acid and bile salt resistance. The 11 candidates underwent comprehensive evaluation for probiotic properties, including antipathogenic activity, adhesion, safety, antioxidant capacity, and metabolites.

Results

The results of the antipathogenic activity tests showed that 11 LAB strains exhibited strong inhibitory effect and co-aggregation ability against four target pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella braenderup, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results of the adhesion test showed that the 11 LAB strains had high cell surface hydrophobicity, self-aggregation ability, biofilm-forming ability and adhesion ability to the Caco-2 cells. Among them, Lactobacillus acidophilus (L177) showed strong activity in various adhesion experiments. Safety tests showed that 11 LAB strains are sensitive to most antibiotics, with L102, L171, and L177 having the highest sensitivity rate at 85.71%, and no hemolysis occurred in all strains. Antioxidant test results showed that all strains showed good H2O2 tolerance, high scavenging capacity for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH−). In addition, 11 LAB strains can produce high levels of metabolites including exopolysaccharide (EPS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and bile salt hydrolase (BSH).

Discussion

This study provides a thorough characterization of canine-derived LAB strains, highlighting their multifunctional potential as probiotics. The diverse capabilities of the strains make them promising candidates for canine dietary supplements, offering a holistic approach to canine health. Further research should validate their efficacy in vivo to ensure their practical application.
A Finite-Time Control Design for the Discrete-Time Chaotic Logistic Equations
Authors: Acho Leonardo , Buenestado Pablo , Pujol Gisela
Published: August 2024

Finite-time control theory has been widely used as a mathematical tool to design robust controllers. By manipulating the finite-time convergence proof of this theory, we developed a new control design appropriately tuned for the finite-time control of the chaotic logistics system. In this experimental setup, the logistic equation is programmed into a PIC microcontroller, and a part of the controller was conceived using analog electronics. Because the system to be controlled is in the discrete-time domain, and the finite-time stability proof is stated in the continuous-time representation, our finite-time control approach is a good example for designing control algorithms in both time domain schemes. Hence, our experimental results support our main contribution. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is the format used to translate digital signals into the continuous-time field. Therefore, the main contribution of this article is the theoretical foundations for creating a recent controller that satisfies the convergence criterion in finite time and its construction using an 8-bit microcontroller. All this contributes to the chaotic logistical map.
Header Height Detection and Terrain-Adaptive Control Strategy Using Area Array LiDAR
Authors: Zhang Chao , Li Qingling , Ye Shaobo , Zhang Jianlong , Zheng Decong
Published: August 2024

During the operation of combine harvesters, the cutting platform height is typically controlled using manual valve hydraulic systems, which can result in issues such as delays in adjustment and high labor intensity, affecting both the quality and efficiency of the operation. There is an urgent need to enhance the automation level. Conventional methods frequently employ single-point measurements and lack extensive area coverage, which means their results do not fully represent the terrain’s variations in the area and are prone to local anomalies. Given the inherently undulating terrain of farmland during harvesting, a control strategy that does not adjust for minor undulations but only for significant ones proves to be more rational. To this end, a sine wave superposition model was established to simulate three-dimensional ground elevation changes, and an area array LiDAR was used to collect 8 × 8 data for the header height. The effects of mounds and stubble on the measurement results were analyzed, and a dynamic process simulation model for the solenoid valve core was developed to analyze the on/off delay characteristics of a three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve. Moreover, a physical model of the hydraulic system was constructed based on the Simscape module in Simulink, and the Bang Bang switch predictive control system based on position threshold was introduced to achieve early switching of the electromagnetic directional valve circuit. In addition, an automatic control system for cutting platform height was designed based on an STM32 microcontroller. The control system was tested on the hydraulic automatic control test rig developed by Shanxi Agricultural University. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the control system and strategy were robust to output disturbances, effectively enhancing the intelligence and environmental adaptability of agricultural machinery operations.
Biological and Molecular Characterization of the Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Purple Coneflowers in China
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chen Liping , Sun Pingping , Li Zhengnan , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2024

Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), which is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, is extensively cultivated because of its medicinal applications. However, in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, purple coneflowers in the field exhibited symptoms such as mottle, mosaic, and crinkle. This study aimed to explore the biological and molecular characteristics of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infecting the purple coneflowers in China. We observed isometric particles approximately 30 nm in diameter in the symptomatic leaf specimens. Infection with the CMV was confirmed via high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR validation. Mechanical inoculation assays demonstrated that the CMV-SGJ isolate could infect both Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum. Three viral genomic components were identified: RNA1 with 3321 nucleotides, RNA2 with 3048 nucleotides, and RNA3 with 2209 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CMV-SGJ isolate clustered into phylogenetic subgroup IA, exhibiting a nucleotide identity of 92.2–95% with subgroup IA CMV isolates in GenBank. This report is the first documentation of the complete genome of the CMV infecting purple flowers in China.
Photosynthetic Limitations and Growth Traits of Four Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genotypes under Water Deficit
Authors: Tezara Wilmer , Loyaga Daniel W. , Reynel Chila Víctor H. , Herrera Ana
Published: August 2024

Climate change increases the risk of coffee yield due to the genotype-dependent effects of water deficit on coffee physiology. The goal of this research was to evaluate how water deficit altered the physiological and growth characteristics of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.). Water status, photosynthetic response to CO2 intercellular concentration (A/Ci curves) and growth parameters were evaluated in seedlings of four genotypes (Catimor ECU 02, Cavimor ECU, red Caturra and Sarchimor 4260). Most of the physiological traits evaluated differed significantly among genotypes. Between control and water deficit plants, significant variations occurred in the A/Ci parameters, showing a wide range of values for net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency, with decreases ranging from 4 to 74%. Maximum electron transport rate through photosystem II, highest rate of RuBisCO carboxylation, and triose phosphate utilization rate were all strongly decreased by water deficit 61% (red Caturra and Sarchimor 4260), followed by Cavimor ECU (35%) and Catimor ECU 02 (24%). Differences in response to water deficit among genotypes suggest possible genotypic differences in tolerance. The results indicated that Catimor ECU 02 and Cavimor ECU were less sensitive to water deficit, while red Caturra and Sarchimor 4260 were the most susceptible.
Prevalence of Selected Immune Evasion Genes and Clonal Diversity in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nasal Carriers and Outpatients with Cut Wound Infections
Authors: Jura Gabriela , Masiuk Helena , Pruss Agata , Kurzawski Mateusz , Sienkiewicz Monika , Wojciechowska-Koszko Iwona , Kwiatkowski Paweł
Published: August 2024

Staphylococcus aureus, being one of the most common human pathogens, is responsible for infections in both hospital and community settings. Its virulence is attributed to its ability to evade the immune system by producing immune evasion (IE) proteins. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of selected IE genes (spin, sbi, sea, sak, chp, scin, sep, ecb), belonging to the immune evasion cluster (IEC), and IEC types in 86 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains isolated from unrelated outpatients. In order to determine the diversity of analyzed strains, the phylogenetic relatedness was also determined. All strains were examined for the presence of IE genes using polymerase chain reaction assay. To analyze the clonal relatedness of S. aureus, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed. All analyzed strains harbored the scn gene, followed by sbi (95.4%), ecb (91.7%), spin (89.5%), sak (83.7%), chp (67.4%), sep (67.4%) and sea (5.8%). Seventy-three (84.9%) S. aureus strains were classified into IEC types, of which, IEC type F was most commonly observed. IEC type A was not detected. PFGE results showed no association between clonal relatedness and the presence of IE genes/IEC types. In conclusion, the abundant and so diverse repertoire of genes determining invasion in analyzed strains may prove the fact that these strains are highly advanced and adapted to evade the host immune response.
Genetic Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri from Healthy Humans and Poultry in Nigeria
Authors: Jesumirhewe Christiana , Odufuye Tolulope Oluwadamilola , Ariri Juliana Ukinebo , Adebiyi Amdallat Arike , Sanusi Amina Tanko , Stöger Anna , Daza-Prieto Beatriz , Allerberger Franz , Cabal-Rosel Adriana , Ruppitsch Werner
Published: August 2024

Staphylococcus spp. poses a significant threat to human and animal health due to their capacity to cause a wide range of infections in both. In this study, resistance genes conferring antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates from humans and poultry in Edo state, Nigeria, were investigated. In April 2017, 61 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from urine, wounds, nasal and chicken fecal samples. Species identification was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method for 16 antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was used for characterization of the isolates. The 61 investigated isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, S. arlettae, M. sciuri, S. haemolyticus, and S. epidermidis. A total of 47 isolates (77%) belonged to human samples and 14 (23%) isolates were collected from poultry samples. All were phenotypically resistant to at least three antimicrobial(s). Multiple resistance determinants were detected in the human and poultry isolates analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness among the isolates within each species for S. arlettae, M. sciuri, and S. haemolyticus, respectively. This study delivered comprehensive genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus species and M. sciuri isolates from human and poultry sources in Edo state, Nigeria, from a One Health perspective.
Dimethyl Fumarate Prevents the Development of Chronic Social Stress-Induced Hypertension in Borderline Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Kluknavsky Michal , Balis Peter , Liskova Silvia , Micurova Andrea , Skratek Martin , Manka Jan , Bernatova Iveta
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the effects of chronic crowding-induced social stress and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on borderline hypertensive rats, focusing on the transcription nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) gene Nfe2l2, on the expression of selected NFR2-mediated gene expressions in the heart, and on vascular function. Rats were exposed to chronic crowding, DMF treatment (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.), or a combination of both for six weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured non-invasively, gene expressions were analysed using RT-qPCR, and vascular function was assessed by measuring noradrenaline (NA)-induced vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations in the femoral arteries using a wire myograph. Chronic stress increased BP, Nfe2l2 expression, and NA-induced vasoconstriction, though it did not affect relaxation responses nor the left heart ventricle-to-body weight (LHV/BW) ratio. DMF elevated Nfe2l2 expression (as the main effect) in the heart but did not alter BP and vascular functions vs. control when administered alone. Interestingly, DMF increased the LHV/BW ratio, supposedly due to reductive stress induced by continuous NRF2 activation. When combined with stress, DMF treatment prevented stress-induced hypertension and mitigated NA-induced vasoconstriction without altering relaxation functions. In addition, the combination of stress and DMF increased Tnf and Nos2 expression and the expressions of several genes involved in iron metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that DMF can prevent chronic stress-induced hypertension by reducing vascular contractility. Moreover, DMF itself may produce reductive stress in the heart and induce inflammation when combined with stress. This indicates a need for the careful consideration of long-term DMF treatment considering its impact on the heart.
Experimental Proof of Concept for Using Hybrid Paper Based on Silver Nanowires, Cellulose and Poly(dimethylsiloxane) in Systems Dynamic Analysis and Healthcare Applications
Authors: Dzido Grzegorz , Piotrowski Krzysztof , Sakiewicz Piotr , Gołombek Klaudiusz , Bańbuła Sonia , Domagała Natalia , Ratajczak Martyna , Kunert Mateusz , Ignaszewska Agnieszka
Published: August 2024

The research results and evaluation of the applicability of the original composition of hybrid paper based on silver nanowires (AgNWs), cellulose pulp (CP), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are presented and discussed. The material tested was used to manufacture sensors for mechanical deformation resulting from external influences or related to human activity interactions. The sensors were fabricated using an AgNWs + CP suspension and additives by the vacuum filtration method. The substrate obtained was machined and then laminated with a layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The recorded responses to selected types of imposed mechanical interactions in the form of changes in the relative resistance of the sensor throughout the tests showed a close cause-and-effect relationship. The response of the tested systems when applying an alternating magnetic field was also observed. The results indicate that the proposed solutions can find application in the monitoring of mechanical interactions resulting from the dynamic behavior of physical objects, as well as derived from selected human vital functions.