bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental geochemistry and geochemical hazards
Authors: Knight R D , Klassen R A
Published: August 2013

Environmental geochemistry is concerned with the abundance, distribution, and mobility of elements at the Earth's surface. It is important for land use management and health protection because Earth surface geochemistry affects life. Through regional surveys
and detailed studies, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) provides the key geoscience basis for managing environmental issues. This work shows the natural distributions and concentrations of elements for much of Canada. It tells us about their bedrock origins, mineral hosts, and chemical forms,
and the dispersal processes associated with their distribution in the landscape. Natural background variations shown by GSC maps can be used to identify areas of potential geochemical hazard and to distinguish between natural and industrial sources. This synthesis shows the application of
geoscience research to environmental geochemistry.
Eolian activity
Authors: Wolfe S A
Published: August 2013

Eolian processes pertain to the transport of sediment by wind. This paper reviews eolian activity in Canada, and eolian activity as a geological hazard. The effects of wind erosion can produce long-term impacts or damage to agricultural and recreational lands,
and, in some cases, to human health. The hazards include wind erosion of agricultural soils, dust storms, sand-dune activity caused by human disturbance, overgrazing, and/or drought, deflation areas, and alkali dust emissions. Many such hazards result from human activities that initiate or
accelerate the rate of eolian processes. Although wind erosion is currently under control in most regions of Canada, projections of future climate warming and increased aridity in some regions suggest that the risk of wind erosion and sand-dune activity could increase in future
years.
Permafrost in Canada, a challenge to northern development
Authors: Smith S L , Burgess M M , Heginbottom J A
Published: August 2013

The permafrost zone covers about half of the Canadian landmass and presents unique challenges to development in the north. Within this zone, permafrost continuously underlies the land in the far north and may be several hundred metres thick. At the southern limit
of the zone, however, permafrost distribution is discontinuous and thickness is generally less than 10 m. Ground stability problems associated with thawing of ice-rich permafrost can occur in response to disturbance of the ground surface or climate change. Current knowledge about the distribution
and characteristics of permafrost, including its thickness and temperature regime, and of ground ice in Canada is summarized. This information is important for rational planning of development in the north. Numerous examples, including transportation systems, buildings and foundations, utilities,
pipelines, dams, and dykes, illustrate the challenges to development encountered in the permafrost region and the design and construction strategies used. The potential effects of climate change on permafrost are discussed briefly.
Natural gas hydrates
Authors: Smith S L
Published: August 2013

Temperature and pressure conditions required for the stability of natural gas hydrates are found in sediments of Canada's permafrost and offshore regions. Geophysical evidence suggests that a significant amount of methane is stored as gas hydrate in these
regions. Gas hydrates may be an important contributor to future energy supplies and a source of atmospheric greenhouse gas. They may pose a hazard during exploration drilling or hydrocarbon production. Knowledge of their distribution is therefore required to evaluate their importance as an energy
resource or drilling hazard. Stability conditions for the existence of gas hydrate in the Canadian permafrost and offshore regions have been analyzed. The distribution of gas hydrate, inferred from geophysical evidence, is described. Examples are presented to illustrate the role climatic and
geological history, gas chemistry, and existing temperature and pressure conditions play in determining the stability and distribution of gas hydrate.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: GIS components
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years.

The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users (version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested
in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series.

This series of publications represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics,
LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives.

This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: photos of archived samples
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: Landsat
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: legacy traverse maps north of 68 degrees
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: legacy traverse maps, NTS 46
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: legacy traverse maps, NTS 65
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: legacy traverse maps, NTS 75 and 76
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: National Reference Collection maps and tables, NTS 65
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Geo-mapping Frontiers: Updated information on the regions covered by Operations Baker, Bathurst, Keewatin, Northern Keewatin, Thelon and Wager; Nunavut and Northwest Territories: National Reference Collection maps and tables, NTS 75 and 76
Authors: Harris J R , Hillary E M , Percival J A , Buller G , Buenviaje R , Bazor D , Baer S , Kiessling G M , Pehrsson S J , Davis W , Berman R G , Wodicka N , Beauchemin M , Coyne M , Therriault A M
Published: August 2013

The Geo-mapping Frontiers project was initiated to improve geoscience knowledge in the least understood parts of Canada's north. Open File 7434 is part of a series of open files, 7434 to 7448, produced during the Geo-mapping Frontiers project. The series contains
legacy geology data and remote predictive mapping information for a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut, collected over 2 years. The derived data products from this work are presented in 15 separate thematic packages to keep the downloads to a manageable size, between 1 and 4 GB. ArcGIS users
(version 9.3 and above) can download OF 7434 and any of the georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. Users not interested in geodatabases will find data in shape files in Open Files 7434 and 7435, or in georeferenced raster data in the rest of the series. This series of publications
represents a compilation of available data sets for four regions, and their surrounding areas, that encompass a large part of eastern mainland Nunavut. Several interpretive Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) layers are included. The data sets include airborne geophysics, LANDSAT 7 imagery, lake
sediment analyses, as well as legacy mapping and sample data from the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) archives. This series is the first of a group of reports for the Geo-mapping Frontiers project, and is intended to provide a basis of knowledge for the entire region.
Remote predictive map, eastern Hall Peninsula, Baffin Island, Canada
Authors: Schetselaar E , Harris J R , Lemkow D
Published: August 2013

The Hall Peninsula predictive bedrock map was produced for the Remote Predictive Mapping (RPM) project, part of the Geo-mapping for energy and minerals (GEMS) program; accompanying this map is a legend and various supporting figures. Three magnetic domains have
been recognized which have been divided into RPM sub-units based on the interpretation of enhanced magnetic, remotely sensed (LANDSAT and SPOT 4) and digital topographic data (DEM). Legacy data have been used to geologically calibrate the various RPM units. The RPM legend includes a description of
the remotely sensed and geophysical characteristics as well as rock names based on the legacy field data and notes. Geological structures (faults, form lines) have also been included, compiled from legacy maps as well as interpretation of the various geoscience datasets. The complete geoscience
dataset used to create this map will be released in a future Open File.
The Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2013: Transformational Leadership in Occupational Therapy — Delivering Change through Conversations
Authors: Hunter Elaine P
Published: August 2013

The Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2013, given on 19 July at the 37th Annual Conference and Exhibition of the College of Occupational Therapists, held at the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre, Glasgow, Scotland.
Managing Waiting Times and Providing Equitable, Family-Centred Care: A Description of Four Key Initiatives from NHS Fife Child Health Occupational Therapy Service (2006–11)
Authors: Millar Fiona , Doherty Maria , Forster Gladys , McFarlane Aileen , Ogilvie Pippa
Published: August 2013

Equity, timeliness and family-centredness are key dimensions of high-quality occupational therapy service delivery. This practice analysis reflects on practice-based initiatives to achieve these.

In 2006, the National Health Service Fife Child Health Occupational Therapy Service, in the United Kingdom, had extensive waiting times, which varied across the region, and high levels of service user dissatisfaction related to these. To address this, the service investigated ways to make better use of the existing resources and adopted the Care Aims framework, culminating in quality improvement initiatives. Key initiatives were: triaging new referrals, health promotion, care agreements with service users and extending the health care support worker's role. The main challenges encountered were staff anxiety and the expectations of both service users and other professionals. Important facilitators were dynamic leadership and well-motivated staff.

Following implementation, waiting times were reduced and are, at the time of writing, consistently less than 12 weeks. Anecdotal evidence suggests that service user satisfaction has improved.
Overview of the Mount Tai Experiment (MTX2006) in central East China in June 2006: studies of significant regional air pollution
Authors: Kanaya Y. , Akimoto H. , Wang Z.-F. , Pochanart P. , Kawamura K. , Liu Y. , Li J. , Komazaki Y. , Irie H. , Pan X.-L. , Taketani F. , Yamaji K. , Tanimoto H. , Inomata S. , Kato S. , Suthawaree J. , Okuzawa K. , Wang G. , Aggarwal S. G. , Fu P. Q. , Wang T. , Gao J. , Wang Y. , Zhuang G.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. We conducted an intensive field campaign at the summit of Mt. Tai (36.26° N, 117.11° E, 1534 m above sea level), Shandong Province, located at the center of central East China, during the period 28 May to 30 June 2006, to study seasonal maxima of regional air pollution with respect to ozone (O3) and aerosols. The specific objectives, campaign design, and major findings are summarized. High concentrations of O3 and its precursors, and aerosols, were detected and studied in the context of annual variations. Most importantly, we identified that emissions from regional-scale open crop residue burning after the harvesting of winter wheat, together with photochemical aging, strongly increased the concentrations of O3, aerosols, and primary pollutants in this month of year. Studies of in situ photochemical activity, regional source attribution of O3, O3–aerosol interactions, validation of satellite observations of tropospheric NO2, behaviors of volatile organic compounds and organic/inorganic aerosol species, loss rates of black carbon (BC), and instrument inter-comparisons are also summarized. The observed BC levels must have a strong impact on the regional climate.
Observed small spatial scale and seasonal variability of the CO2-system in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Resplandy L. , Boutin J. , Merlivat L.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The considerable uncertainties in the carbon budget of the Southern Ocean are largely attributed to unresolved variability, in particular at seasonal time scale and small spatial scale (~ 100 km). In this study, the variability of surface pCO2 and DIC at seasonal and small-spatial scales is examined using a dataset of surface drifters including ~ 80 000 measurements at high spatio-temporal resolution. On spatial scales of 100 km, we find gradients ranging from 5 to 50 μ atm for pCO2 and 2 to 30 μ mol kg−1 for DIC, with highest values in energetic and frontal regions. This result is supported by a second estimate obtained with SST satellite images and local DIC/SST relationships derived from drifters observations. We find that dynamical processes drives the variability of DIC at small spatial scale in most regions of the Southern Ocean, the cascade of large-scale gradients down to small spatial scales leading to gradients up to 15 μ mol kg−1 over 100 km. Although the role of biological activity is more localized, it enhances the variability up to 30 μ mol kg−1 over 100 km. The seasonal cycle of surface DIC is reconstructed following Mahadevan et al. (2011), using an annual climatology of DIC and a monthly climatology of mixed layer depth. This method is evaluated using drifters observations and proves to be a reasonable first-order estimate of the seasonality in the Southern Ocean, which could be used to validate models simulations. We find that small spatial scales structures are a non negligible source of variability for DIC, with amplitudes of about a third of the variations associated with the seasonality and up to 10 times the magnitude of large-scale gradients. The amplitude of small-scale variability reported here should be kept in mind when inferring temporal changes (seasonality, inter-annual variability, decadal trends) of the carbon budget from low resolution observations and models.
Damage costs due to bedload transport processes in Switzerland
Authors: Badoux A. , Andres N. , Turowski J. M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. In Alpine regions, floods are often associated with bedload erosion, transport and deposition along the streams. These processes pose hazard in addition to the elevated water discharge. However, it is unclear to what extent they contribute to total damage caused by natural hazards. Using the Swiss flood and landslide data base, which collects financial damage data of naturally triggered floods, debris flows and landslides, we estimated the contribution of fluvial bedload transport processes to total damage costs in Switzerland. For each data base entry an upper and lower limit of financial losses caused by or related to bedload transport processes was estimated, and the quality of the estimate was judged. When compared to total damage, the fraction of bedload transport damage in the 40 yr study period lies between 0.32 and 0.37. However, this value is highly variable for individual years (from 0.02 to 0.72). Bedload transport processes have induced cumulative financial losses between 4.3 and 5.1 billion Swiss Francs. Spatial analysis revealed a considerable heterogeneous distribution with largest damage for mountainous regions. The analysis of the seasonal distribution shows that more than 75% of the bedload damage costs occurs in summer (June–August), and ∼23% in autumn (September–November). With roughly 56%, by far most of the damage has been registered in August. Bedload transport processes are presently still inadequately understood, and the predictive quality of common bedload equations is often poor. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of fluvial bedload transport as a natural hazard and financial source of risk, and thus the need for future structured research on transport processes in steep streams.
Entrepreneurial Capabilities and Organizational Transformation
Authors: Renault Thiago , de Mello José Manoel Carvalho
Published: August 2013

The Brazilian government has been fostering innovation through policies aimed at transferring technology from publicly funded science and technology organizations to the market. One response to this initiative has been an attempt by some universities to transform themselves into entrepreneurial institutions. In this paper the authors use a longitudinal case study to analyse the organizational transformation at the Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE) of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro to become entrepreneurial. The analysis focuses on the entrepreneurial capabilities developed by this academic unit. It was found that the main capabilities developed were managing the university interface with outside parties; integrating public policy initiatives; supporting entrepreneurial activities; technology transfer; and managing shared resources. These five capabilities are interrelated and their development has occurred in tandem with the organizational transformation of the university.
Governance of Innovation and Intermediation in Triple Helix Interactions
Authors: Todeva Emanuela
Published: August 2013

Research on sustainability and innovation-driven economic growth has exposed a lack of sufficient knowledge in the governance literature about the appropriate extent of government involvement. This paper focuses on the governance of innovation and the intermediary role of the state. The author synthesizes the literature on governance and regulation and introduces the concept of intermediation in the innovation process. The paper employs the Triple Helix model, which describes interactions and intermediation between government, industry and universities, and extends it by looking at the role played by intermediaries, including public and private institutions, government bodies and independent organizations. A new theoretical framework for the analysis of intermediation and the governance of innovation is developed and applied to four case studies of intermediaries in the health technology cluster in the Greater South East region of the UK. The empirical findings demonstrate the heuristics of the intermediation concept and the application of the intermediation framework.
Designing and Implementing a Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in a Developing Country
Authors: Siyanbola W.O. , Olaopa O.R. , Hassan O.M.
Published: August 2013

The authors examine how a realistic science, technology and innovation policy can be formulated to enhance the development and management of a nation's physical and human assets and to accelerate socio-economic development through focused S&T engagement. The paper traces the evolution of S&T policies in Nigeria, particularly between 1986 and 2003, in terms of policy environment, objectives and implementation using the pillars of good democratic governance: transparency, accountability, equity and inclusiveness. The authors note the poor performance record of previous S&T policies in terms of their failure to attain their goals. It is argued that this poor record may be the result of a lack of adherence to the democratic principles in the top-down approach adopted and deviation from the framework of the Triple Helix. It is suggested that there is a need for a new democratic paradigm, as exemplified in the current STI policy which is strategically anchored in the national system of innovation and which exhibits a bottom-up, all-inclusive participatory approach with clearly defined roles for the key stakeholders.
Upgrading the Chinese Economy by Overhauling Special Economic Zones
Authors: Gebhardt Christiane
Published: August 2013

In the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–2015), the Chinese Committee of Science, Technology and Education, the main body for the central government's innovation policy, highlights the strengthening of the scientific–technological base and the upgrading of domestic innovative competences, and places the industrial focus on seven new strategic industries. Available data show that the transition is underway, from a Chinese growth model based on the availability of inexpensive land, investments, exports and a very large low-cost workforce to science-based and innovation-driven growth. However, the poor outcomes from public S&T expenditures suggest that future growth will depend on a different growth formula and that the greatest impact will come from an innovative innovation model. This paper focuses on an emerging Chinese innovation model that applies elements of cluster theory and the regional innovation systems approach to the next development stage of Chinese Special Economic Zones. The model also adopts features of the Triple Helix model of university–industry–government relations such as ‘systemness’ and entrepreneurial universities to enforce regional innovativeness. The author outlines the management and governance challenges associated with the policy objective of moving from imitation to innovation. The paper is based on a study on cluster management for the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) 2009–2013 and on empirical research in collaboration with the Chinese Association of Developmental Zones (CADZ) in 2012. The study used 15 expert interviews with managers of Tianjin Wuqing Development Zone in the Beijing–Tianjin Corridor and with senior officials of CADZ, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology, at the Second China German Innovation Forum held in Berlin on 26 and 27 November 2012.
The Income Elasticity of Demand and Firm Performance of US Restaurant Companies by Restaurant Type during Recessions
Authors: Koh Yoon , Lee Seoki , Choi Chris
Published: August 2013

During the economic downturns of 2008 and 2009, many US restaurant companies struggled to avoid heavy losses. However, some still managed to outperform the market and even made large profits in the midst of widespread economic difficulties. McDonald's was one such company and, in light of its example, many industry magazines and newspapers featured articles suggesting that a quick-service restaurant, with a lower income elasticity of demand, might be better able to survive during constrained economic conditions than upper-level restaurants. This paper empirically examines whether US restaurants' income elasticity of demand and actual financial performances during economic downturns are affected by the restaurant type. The findings suggest that restaurant type showed no significant effects on the income elasticity of demand for US restaurant companies, while fast-food restaurants showed significantly greater accounting performances than those of non-fast-food restaurants during recession. The insignificant differences in the income elasticity of demand and significant differences in accounting performances during the recession may suggest that fast-food restaurants implemented cost control more effectively than non-fast-food restaurants, and the authors' additional analysis confirms this.
Empirical Assessment of the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of the Tirol—Südtirol—Trentino Europaregion
Authors: Brida Juan Gabriel , Giuliani Diego
Published: August 2013

Cointegration tests have become very popular in empirical analyses of the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). They were first introduced into the literature on tourism economics by Balaguer and Cantavella-Jordá, and then were made popular by many researchers attempting to assess the causal long-run relationship between international tourism and economic growth. The vast majority of these studies analyse countries in which tourism is one of the most important sectors of the national economy and, in most cases, the TLGH is validated. With respect to previous contributions to the literature, this paper examines the TLGH in sub-national trans-frontier economies, taking as its case the three administrative areas forming the region known as ‘Tirol–Südtirol–Trentino Europaregion’. Direct comparisons with the results for across-the-border regions that have similar international tourism markets provide new insights for our understanding of the TLGH.
Research Note: Size, Efficiency and Productivity in the Spanish Hotel Industry — Independent Properties versus Chain-Affiliated Hotels
Authors: Devesa María Jesús Such , Peñalver Luis Felipe Mendieta
Published: August 2013

This study analyses the size, efficiency and productivity of a representative sample of Spanish hotels. Using Data Envelopment Analysis, three different return-to-scale models are estimated. The number of full-time employees (FTEs), the staff cost and the number of rooms (inputs) and the total operating revenue (output) are used to estimate the levels of efficiency and productivity. The results show that independent properties must be more competitive if they are to survive in the medium and long terms. Three elements are essential to achieve greater competitiveness: (i) a higher level of differentiation; (ii) application of the results of technological innovation in the production process; and (iii) a more intensive level of cooperation.
Introduction
Authors: Volo Serena , Schubert Stefan
Published: August 2013

This Tourism Economics Special Focus presents a selection of papers, refereed and revised for publication, presented at the Consumer Behaviour in Tourism Symposium 2011 (CBTS2011). The Symposium was organized by the Competence Centre in Tourism Management and Tourism Economics (TOMTE) of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. Founded in 2008, TOMTE initiates, organizes, promotes and conducts research in the areas of tourism management and marketing, tourism economics and related areas relevant to the tourism sector, including evaluations of the impact of new economic, societal and technological developments on tourism industries and of tourism on regional economies and societies.
Effect of Nut Treatments on Shea Butter Physicochemical Criteria and Wrapper Hygienic Quality Influence on Microbiological Properties
Authors: Megnanou Rose-Monde , Niamke Sebastien
Published: August 2013

The increasing importance of traditional shea butter led to standards criteria establishment. Nevertheless, criteria are difficultly achieved because traditional processes are generally uncontrolled. In this study, optimal processing conditions in order to get shea butter in conformity with standard were determined. Hence, the drying duration and mode, the kernel quality and roasting time were varied. The wrapper hygienic quality effect was also considered. Resulting shea butters of each variation was analyzed and the ANOVA test performed on characteristics to evaluate variations effects. The peroxide index increased continuously (2.79 ± 0.05 to 10.30 ± 0.05 mEg O2/kg) from the first week to the fourth sun drying week, while unsapnifiable matter decreased (17.60 ± 0.05 to 1.55 ± 0.05%). Both peroxide and acid index were higher after five minutes of roasting than they were before; and shea butter conserved in sterile wrapper was germs free, compared to other wrappers. Moreover, the process taking into account all these optimal conditions conduced to shea butter with moisture (0.15%), acid (11.94 mg KOH/g), peroxide (2.79 ± 0.05 mEg O2/kg), saponifiable (196.10 ± 0.15 mg KOH/g), refractive (1.465 ± 0.005) index and melting point (35.0 ± 0.1 °C) conforming to international standard. Moreover, it was heavy metal and germs free, and its unsapnifiable content (17.61 ± 0.25%) was high.
« Le dernier endroit dans l’univers1 »
Authors: Grenier Benoît
Published: August 2013

En décembre 1854, la cinquième législature du Canada Uni promulguait l’Acte pour l’abolition des droits et devoirs féodaux dans le Bas-Canada. Cette législation n’a pas pour autant mis fin aux liens économiques et sociaux unissant seigneurs et censitaires. En préservant partiellement la propriété seigneuriale et en imposant des conditions aux censitaires pour le « rachat » des rentes, la loi ne constitue qu’une étape du long processus qui s’est échelonné jusqu’aux années 1970. Ce texte entend mieux définir les mécanismes par lesquels le lien entre seigneurs et censitaires a survécu, puis disparu dans le Québec du xxe siècle. Il présente d’abord la chronologie de l’extinction des rentes seigneuriales, dépeint ensuite le contexte de création du Syndicat national du rachat des rentes seigneuriales (1935), puis analyse le travail effectué par cet organisme de même que les sources qui en émanent. L’objectif est d’inscrire l’histoire seigneuriale québécoise dans une perspective de longue durée et de comprendre que les persistances de cette institution ne se résument pas à son empreinte dans le paysage et la toponymie.
Adoção de inovações em serviços turísticos: Um estudo de múltiplos casos em bares e restaurantes da orla de Aracaju (SE, Brasil)
Authors: Bezerra Éder Danilo , Silva Débora Eleonora Pereira da
Published: August 2013

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar, através de um estudo de múltiplos casos, o impacto causado pela adoção de novas tecnologias em empresas de turismo, que cada vez mais incorporam a tecnologia às suas atividades. Para tal, foram conduzidas entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de quatro bares e restaurantes da orla de Aracaju (Sergipe/Brasil), apoiadas por uma survey que avaliou como a adoção da comanda eletrônica por essas empresas afeta tanto a percepção de seus clientes em relação à qualidade do atendimento, quanto a percepção dos funcionários sobre essa tecnologia enquanto ferramenta de trabalho. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa baseia-se na teoria da difusão de inovações proposta por Rogers (1995), que aponta cinco atributos percebidos em inovações que influenciam a decisão individual de se adotar ou se rejeitar uma inovação. Como resultados e implicações do estudo, destaca-se a tentativa de se fazer uma ponte entre conceitos dicotômicos em inovação, ressaltando o papel da tecnologia no setor de serviços, e proporcionando uma reflexão sobre a convergência dos aspectos humanos e tecnológicos que transformam conceitos e ideias já enraizados nos estudos sobre inovação e turismo, além da discussão sobre até que ponto existe a necessidade de que esse setor aumente a presença tecnológica em suas atividades, diante das diferentes percepções das partes envolvidas sobre o papel da inovação tecnológica em turismo.
Competitividade no turismo: Uma comparação entre Brasil e Suíça
Authors: Montanari Maria Gabriela , Giraldi Janaina de Moura Engracia
Published: August 2013

Mesmo com a situação global instável, com a crise na zona do euro, o turismo mundial permaneceu forte e teve um crescimento positivo nos últimos anos. Além disso, essa atividadetem uma grande importância econômica e social que se reflete na sua capacidade de gerar emprego e renda. Dessa maneira, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a competitividade do setor turístico no Brasil e na Suíça, comparando os dois países por meio dos fatores de competitividade identificados pelo Índice Mundial de Competitividade em Turismo (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index - TTCI). Fazendo essa comparação, foi possível perceber que a Suíça é muito mais desenvolvida que o Brasil nesse setor e possui, portanto, muito mais fontes de vantagens competitivas, das quais se destacam a sustentabilidade, a infraestrutura de transportes e os recursos humanos e culturais. O Brasil, por outro lado, tem como grande força os seus recursos naturais, o que não é suficiente para garantir um setor de turismo desenvolvido. Assim, foram obtidas informações que podem colaborar com o setor turístico e com os governos dos dois países para desenvolvimento estratégico de ações e reflexão teórica para pesquisas na área.
Comunicação científica em turismo no Brasil: Análises descritivas de periódicos nacionais entre 1990 e 2012
Authors: Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira , Rejowski Mirian
Published: August 2013

Este trabalho apresenta análises descritivas sobre 2.126 artigos publicados em 20 periódicos científicos brasileiros de turismo entre 1990 e 2012. Essas informações oferecem um amplo e objetivo retrato dos periódicos científicos de turismo no Brasil, auxiliam no debate sobre os critérios editoriais dessas revistas e contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da produção acadêmica brasileira realizada nesse período. Analisa-se a evolução do número de trabalhos publicados, bem como estatísticas descritivas dos tamanhos dos artigos, títulos e resumos. Os autores mais profícuos são identificados, bem como as palavras-chave mais recorrentes. Além disso, é analisado o nível de integração entre os periódicos, apontando quais estão mais ao centro da rede de publicações científicas de turismo do Brasil.
Towards the Development of Flexible Non‐Volatile Memories
Authors: Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye , Roy V. A. L.
Published: August 2013

Flexible non‐volatile memories have attracted tremendous attentions for data storage for future electronics application. From device perspective, the advantages of flexible memory devices include thin, lightweight, printable, foldable and stretchable. The flash memories, resistive random access memories (RRAM) and ferroelectric random access memory/ferroelectric field‐effect transistor memories (FeRAM/FeFET) are considered as promising candidates for next generation non‐volatile memory device. Here, we review the general background knowledge on device structure, working principle, materials, challenges and recent progress with the emphasis on the flexibility of above three categories of non‐volatile memories.