bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of acetone by catalytic hydration of acetylene
Authors: Karjavov Abdikhakim , Fayzullaev Normurot , Baykulov Azim
Published: May 2023

Among the known processes for the production of acetone, the most promising is the synthesis by hydration of acetylene in the presence of catalysts. The advantage of this method is the possibility of carrying out the process in existing acetaldehyde production plants. On the other hand, the process of simultaneous production of acetaldehyde and acetone under the action of polyfunctional catalysts and the implementation of the process using flexible technology is promising. To study the influence of various factors on the process of obtaining acetone by the catalytic hydration of acetylene and to create a technology for producing acetone. The specific surface area, crushing strength, total pore volume, and ash content of the samples were determined. Acetylene was saturated with water at a temperature of 70-80 ℃ and a ratio of water: and acetylene = (1:3)-(1:5), mol was passed through the catalyst bed at 360 ℃ with a space velocity of 180-200h-1. The gas-vapour mixture leaving the reactor was cooled in a refrigerator. The reaction products were collected with water. The catalyst contains acetaldehyde, acetone, crotonaldehyde, etc. To maintain the degree of acetylene conversion not lower than 80%, the reaction temperature was raised by 10 ℃ every 20 hours. After 96-120 hours, the degree of acetylene conversion decreases to 75-70%. The reactions of catalytic hydration of acetylene to acetaldehyde and acetone were carried out on the selection of polyfunctional mixed catalysts. As a result, a catalyst with cadmium fluoride and chromium(III) oxide dissolved in alumina promoted with aluminium fluoride was chosen to produce acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is formed by the interaction of acetylene: water =1:3–1:5 at 360-440 ℃ in the presence of a catalyst based on cadmium fluoride with a composition of 18% CdF2, 2,0% AlF3, 5% Cr2O3, 75% Al2O3. The addition of zinc oxide or fluoride to the cadmium-chromium-aluminium catalyst (Catalysts No.5) ensures the selectivity of the catalyst and directs the acetylene hydration reaction towards the formation of acetone. As the temperature rises above 450 ℃, the yield of acetone formation and the selectivity of the process decrease due to the transformation of the formed acetone into other substances. In the temperature range of 360-500 ℃, the relationship between the reaction yield and temperature is extreme, and at 450 ℃ the yield was considered to be maximum. Based on the obtained results, a technological scheme for the production of acetone by the catalytic hydration of acetylene was proposed.
A symmetry - based algorithm to determine the presence of the internal structure heterogeneity of the of a biological object
Authors: Aleksanyan Grayr
Published: May 2023

This article proposes a two-level approach for solving the problems of electrical impedance tomography of biological objects, which consists in successively applying the methods of “rough” and “fine” reconstruction to the potentials measured on the surface of the object. To perform a “rough” reconstruction procedure, it is proposed to use a method for determining the presence of heterogeneity in the internal structure of a biological object based on the symmetry algorithm. Thus, consistent localization and identification of the boundaries of the heterogeneity of the internal structure of the biological object is carried out. It is shown that when analyzing data for an arbitrary biological object, the symmetry characteristic of the type of objects under study can be taken into account, and deviations from such a characteristic symmetry will indicate deviations from the norm in the structure of a biological object.
Robustness of the combined arch system with radial ties
Authors: Dolgusheva Vera , Ibragimov Alexander , Dolgushev Timothey
Published: May 2023

To ensure the safety of buildings and structures, it is necessary to analyze the structural integrity (robustness). The results of various studies show that arches with radial ties make it possible to create an architecturally expressive, cost-effective material consumption solution to the problem of girders bridging in public buildings, but the robustness of these systems is poorly studied. This article presents the results of the failure analysis of the coating elements in the form of combined steel arches with radial ties under various failure scenarios, the robustness of the n-th level in a static formulation is investigated, considering the geometrically nonlinear nature of the system operation, constructive measures are proposed to increase the robustness of a combined arch system with radial ties. The calculations were performed in the SCAD Office software 21.1.9.11. For the considered fragment of the scheme in both scenarios, the robustness index Irob > 98.5% corresponds to the local nature of the excess of the load-carrying ability, Irob ≤ 98.5% - to disproportional. As soon as the asymmetric prestressing of the arch by ties disappears, which occurs when the most loaded ties are turned off step by step, the system either satisfies the strength and stability tests, or the number of elements in which the load-carrying ability is exceeded significantly decreases. Increasing the structural integrity of the structure by introducing chordal ties into the scheme contributes to increasing the robustness of the considered arch system.
The system of priority distribution of the allocated limited electrical capacity of the household
Authors: Toropov Alexey
Published: May 2023

The structure of household electricity consumption is dependent on many factors, such as time, climate, territorial, historical, social, age, gender, and political factors. Operation of the power grid of households is possible within the allocated power limit and is limited by the devices installed for automatic disconnection of the power supply network. A 6-level hierarchical, with alternating precedence, system of electric power distribution for households is proposed. The highest (first) level is urgent needs and without which in the modern world it is impossible to exist. The second refers to devices to ensure the physiological and social needs of a person, the third is large household appliances. The fourth and fifth levels of the pyramid of household electricity consumption are related to heat supply systems and the concept of thermal inertia of buildings. The sixth is the devices of the lowest priority, supplied with energy according to the residual principle. An example is charging an electric car. The proposed method of distribution of electrical power allows to ensure comfortable living in the household while limiting the total power of the allocated electrical energy.
Thermodynamic foundations of the rational cutting modes choice under conditions of machining
Authors: Fominov Evgeny , Shuchev Constantine , Sukhomlinova Victoria , Pyatnitzkaya Oksana , Barkov Aleksey
Published: May 2023

Durability and tribological tests of standard grades of high-speed steels and experimental single-carbide hard alloys with modified cobalt binder, created on the basis of the standard VK8 grade, under conditions of friction and turning of structural steels 45 and 12Х18Н10Т were carried out. The experiments were carried out for various cutting speeds and friction in order to determine the dependence of the optimal modes from the point of view of reducing the wear rate for cutting materials with different structural and thermodynamic characteristics. It has been experimentally established that high-speed steels with high values of thermal entropy have greater wear resistance in comparison with low-entropy grades, and cutting (sliding) speeds corresponding to minimal wear rates are higher for them. For experimental hard alloys grades characterized by greater thermal entropy values of the binder lower wear rates at optimal cutting speeds compared to the base alloy were also recorded; the values of the optimal cutting speeds for these materials are also higher. Thus, high-entropy cutting materials allow machining at higher speeds, while reducing the wear intensity.
Heavy metal sorption by native shells of pea grain
Authors: Shelepina Natalia
Published: May 2023

One of the current problems of the agricultural and industrial complex is the increase in the volume of waste generated, with a low level of recycling. A promising way to recycle waste from enterprises engaged in grain processing is to produce sorbents for purification of polluted water. The aim of this work was to study the degree of sorption of heavy metal ions, which are one of the main pollutants of surface and industrial wastewater, native shells of pea grains. The raw materials investigated were crushed and infused in distilled water. Then solutions of heavy metals in a certain concentration were added, followed by filtration, mineralisation of the obtained samples, and determination of the residual concentration of heavy metal ions by inversion voltammetry. It was found that the sorption activity of pea grain shells varies depending on the variety of this crop and the type of heavy metals. The lowest residual concentration of cadmium in the model solutions after exposure indicates the highest sorption capacity of the native shells of the pea grains in relation to the ions of this metal. The best ability to bind heavy metal ions were the shells of pea variety Temp. However, native shells of pea grains are not able to fully extract heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Modification of pea grain shells will increase their sorption activity.
Innovative insulation coating of the high-voltage line to reduce the corona effect
Authors: Okhotnikov Mikhail , Ismagilov Flyur , Vavilov Vyacheslav , Volkova Tatiana , Nusenkis Alexander
Published: May 2023

The paper discusses a method for reducing electricity losses on high-voltage power lines through the use of a new insulating coating, the action of which is based on the effect of the “blocking layer”. The study of samples of free-flowing and flexible dielectric regarding the possibility of implementing the proposed coating is presented. Possible combinations of materials for covering power lines wires are analysed, as well as the results of computer modelling and experimental verification of the statements under consideration. Based on the static data of experimental studies, the results of computer modelling and theoretical assumptions, empirical dependences of the volt-ampere characteristics of the reverse corona in the studied samples were obtained.
Reducing ecological damage to flora and fauna through the use of waste from oil production as porous fillers in manufacturing
Authors: Nikitina Natalya , Abdrakhimova Elena , Buynitsky Gennady
Published: May 2023

The work shows that it is expedient to use waste from oil production (oil sludge) as a raw material for obtaining porous fillers, which promotes the development of industrial ecology. Industrial ecology studies waste-free technologies - when waste from one production facility is used as raw material at another facility, which will achieve either waste-free production or maximum use of multi-tonnage waste. Ecological-economic systems are the subject of study of industrial or industrial ecology. Currently, the impact of industry on the environment is relevant because the activities of the fuel and energy complex, metallurgical, chemical, mechanical engineering, and many other enterprises cause significant and irreversible damage to nature. The fuel and energy complex is one of the main “polluters” of the natural environment. These are atmospheric emissions (48% of all atmospheric emissions), discharges of wastewater (36% of all discharges), as well as the formation of solid waste (30% of all solid pollutants). The conducted research has shown that due to the increased contents of carbon (16.2%) and calorific value (3300 kcal/kg) in the oil sludge, which burn or contribute to burning (calorific value) during firing, porosity is created in the ceramic material, and a porous material with low density, grade by bulk density of less than 400, is obtained. Based on a liquid-powder composition and waste from oil production - oil sludge, a porous filler with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. The use of oil production waste in the production of porous fillers contributes to the disposal of industrial multi-tonnage waste, the protection of the environment, and the expansion of the raw material base for construction materials.
Finding the temperature distribution in a rectangular plate with variable thermal conductivity in one coordinate
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr
Published: May 2023

The work is devoted to the issues of stationary heat transfer. The article presents a solution for the distribution of the temperature field in a rectangular plate. At the same time, the law of change of thermal conductivity along one of the coordinates is known. Heat exchange at the two opposite ends of the plate occurs under boundary conditions of the third kind, there is no heat exchange at the other two. The solution is found by decomposition into a functional series. As a result, an analytical expression of the plate temperature distribution is obtained in the form of a Fourier series containing modified zero-order Bessel functions.
Sulfur in nature and its impact on spiders
Authors: Tuxtaev Sh.X. , Xayrulloev M.F. , Ochilova Muyassar
Published: May 2023

This article provides information on the sulfur-containing LSD (decoction of sulfuric lime) and externally active substance (EAS) used against cotton spider mites. It has been established that when using these preparations, the Bukhara-6 variety received an additional yield of 4.2-4.4 c/ha with good commercial indicators.
Reducing the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment in the light of the concept of sustainable development
Authors: Kanivets Uliana , Murzagalina Gulnaz , Prodanova Natalia , Gavrilieva Nadezhda
Published: May 2023

The article examines the features of reducing the risks of anthropogenic impact on the environment in the light of the Concept of Sustainable Development. The mechanism of anthropogenic impact on the environment is a complex and multiparametric process that includes various types of impacts on the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. According to the author, anthropogenic impact on the environment poses a serious risk to the health and well-being of humans and animals, as well as to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This requires increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve waste management and water and soil pollution, and promote sustainable forms of production and consumption. Environmental protection and the implementation of the concept of sustainable development are closely linked. Sustainable development involves the involvement of the world's education systems in the work for a more sustainable future. We can briefly say that sustainability is seen as a long-term goal, whereas sustainable development refers to many processes and paths necessary to achieve sustainability. The implementation of this concept will help to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment and ensure a more sustainable development of our planet.
Catalytic synthesis of acetone by direct hydration of acetylene
Authors: Karjavov Abdikhakim , Fayzullaev Normurot
Published: May 2023

Background: Replacing the cadmium–calcium phosphate catalyst with a zinc-containing catalyst makes it possible to obtain acetone in good yield with minor changes in technology. Aim: Study the kinetic laws of obtaining acetone by catalytic hydration. Materials and methods: Experiments on the catalytic hydration of acetylene and its derivatives in the gas phase were carried out in a reactor with a diameter of 25 mm, a height of 1000 mm, and made of stainless steel under stationary conditions. Results and discussions: In the reaction of hydration of acetylene and its derivatives, the use of (Fe2O3)x:(MoO3)y :(ZnO)z:(Mn2O3)k catalysts can be highly efficient and promising in production, obtaining high-quality products.
Impact of virgin land development on morbidity and mortality from diphtheria in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mazhitova Zhanna , Kurbanova Dina , Bektayeva Meruyert , Rakhimzhanova Baktybala , Saktaganova Zauresh , Baigozhina Gulnar , Abdukarimova Zhanara
Published: May 2023

Authors consider the development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan in the 1950s–1960s which led to an unprecedented anthropogenic intrusion into the environment. The huge concentration of people in the northern steppe regions of Kazakhstan led to the spread of dangerous infectious diseases among which diphtheria was of particular concern of the health authorities of the republic. Authors made an attempt to analyze the issues of the spread of this disease in Tselinny district in the early 1960s and the history of its control in this article. The basic methods of medical services to prevent spreading of this infectious disease have been identified. The authors concluded that imperfect of medical service, violation of the regulations on vaccination and revaccination, inefficiency of medical and sanitary education of the population of virgin areas as well as other factors were the causes of diphtheria resistance against measures of sanitary and epidemiological services of the republic.
Conceptual methodological framework for integrated human settlements’ development planning
Authors: Bobkina Valerya , Timofeeva Victoria , Shevchenko Olga
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive development of human settlements ensures balanced and sustainable development. This result is achieved by improving the quality of the urban environment, creating conditions for social improvement, the development of transport infrastructure, the improvement of the architectural and operational characteristics of construction objects, as well as the housing conditions of the population. Integrated development of territories of settlements should be considered as a system, the general vector of development of which is characterized by increasing the satisfaction of the quality of life and needs of the population here and now, as well as in the foreseeable future. At the same time, the balance between all elements of the system has to be observed. Of particular interest for the purposes of sustainable development is integrated planning and efficient development of unused industrial areas. The article deals with the concept of planning integrated development of territories and proposes a model of sustainable development of land of settlements.
The role of sustainable development of the agricultural sector in reducing the risk of environmental disasters
Authors: Nezamova Olga , Stupina Alena , Korpacheva Larisa , Muzika Polina
Published: May 2023

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the issues of sustainable development in all countries of the world. Now the world is living in an era of high speeds and rapid changes. New technologies come into our lives and change it in all spheres. New technologies provide opportunities to improve the standard of living, but it is impossible not to notice such global problems as inequality of residents of different countries and different social groups, have unequal access to natural resources and other results of civilization. The environment is experiencing a great anthropogenic load and it is becoming increasingly difficult to ensure the well-being of people whose numbers on the planet are increasing. People can't help but wonder what kind of world they will leave to future generations. The concentration of greenhouse gases is increasing, the average temperature is rising, the temperature of the world ocean continues to rise, the melting of glaciers is increasing. In such a situation, people cannot do nothing. Their inaction will contribute to the emergence of environmental disasters and social crises. Responding to these challenges requires complex and joint efforts of different countries, regions, companies and individuals in all spheres of activity. The agricultural sector occupies an important place in the economy of any country and is very resource-intensive, in this regard, it should be paid attention to first of all. The article discusses possible directions for achieving the greatest sustainability of the agricultural sector. The purpose of this article is to search for these areas and achieve sustainable development of the agricultural sector.
Synthesis and study of the agrochemical properties of urea salts with nitric and orthophosphoric acid
Authors: Mardonov U.M. , Kholikova G.K. , Ganiev B.Sh. , Tursunova I.N. , Khozhiev Sh.T.
Published: May 2023

The paper presents the results of the synthesis, IR spectroscopic and agrochemical study of the products of adduct formation (internal salts) of urea with nitric and orthophosphoric acids. It has been established that the synthesized substances are hygroscopic, readily soluble in water. IR spectral data indicate that, depending on the “acid : urea” ratio in the final products CO, NH2, urea groups and acid molecules are involved in the formation of various compositions: [H2O···(NH2)2C(OH)+···-ONO2] and [O2N-O-···+H3N(H2N)C(OH)+···-O-NO2], [-NH3+···-O-P(O)(OH)2] and [C(OH)+···-O-P(O)(OH)2] salt bridges. The solubility of poorly soluble salts, which are included in a series of metal ion compounds accumulating in the soil under the action of urea mononitrate, has been studied. According to the results of an agrochemical study of the effect of synthesized urea salts on the digestibility of P2O5 by Tr-B and citric acid in the soil, an increase in these parameters under the action of urea dinitrate and diorthophosphate was found to be within 8.26–11.52 and 8.28–9.52%, relative to control 1.07 and 0.787%, respectively.
Quantitative analysis of soil living organisms and important aspects of vermicompost cultivation
Authors: Toshov H.M. , Asadova F.I. , Namozova M.A.
Published: May 2023

This article provides information on microorganisms, plants and California red worms used in the production of biohumus, which are the main organic components of some cultivated soils in the Bukhara oasis. Also, the services of plants, animals and microorganisms, which are living organisms living in the soil, in increasing soil fertility are described, the importance of plants that provide life factors for each biocenosis in the normal growth and development is revealed.
Cultıvatıon of protococcales on wastewater
Authors: Buriyev S.B. , Sharopova Sh.R. , Turayeva N.M.
Published: May 2023

Many farms in Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other republics arrange the production cultivation of chlorella and other microalgae in special installations and the use of suspensions as a protein-vitamin additive in the ration of farm animals. The use of chlorella and other microalgae in the fattening of cattle, pigs and poultry allows for additional weight gain, the elimination of avitaminosis diseases and improvement of product quality.
Apple tree productivity depending on planting density and rootstock variety combinations
Authors: Ganiyeva F.A.
Published: May 2023

In this article has been studied the dependence of tree planting density, variety-rootstock combinations and water- and resource-saving technologies in providing the population of our country with fresh fruits and obtaining a constant plentiful and high-quality harvest. Fruit growing is one of the most important and unique areas of agriculture. The growth, development and productivity of young orchards from seed fruits depend on the planting density of seedlings, the combination of rootstock varieties, the use of water-resource-saving innovative technologies, and agrotechnological factors. In this area, a sharp increase in fruit production, a radical improvement in quality and a reduction in cost are mainly determined by the laying of new intensive orchards and the consistently plentiful and high-quality fruits of existing orchards, including apple tree care and the use of resource-saving technologies. At present, the total area of orchards in the Republic of Uzbekistan is 216,400 ha, of which 89,100 ha or 44.0% of the total area is occupied by seed fruits. On a scientific basis, such activities as the correct formation and pruning of fruit trees, biological characteristics, intensive varieties and planting density of seedlings, modern water-resource-saving agro-care technologies used in the laying of accelerated young fruit orchards in Uzbekistan are studied in detail.
Suitable hybrids of very early watermelon and their fertilizer rates when grown under temporary film cover
Authors: Ostonakulov T.E. , Umirova D.M. , Shamsiev A.A. , Amirov Kh.S.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of studying the growth, development, productivity, yield and quality of fruits of varieties and hybrids of watermelon under conditions of film shelters. It was revealed that the largest early yield (159.6-196.4 c/ha) with high qualities (sugar content 7.0-7.6%) was observed in heterotic hybrids - Montana F1, Talisman F1, Dolby F1, Hollar F1, Super Crimson F1. The isolated watermelon hybrids proved to be favorable for growth and formation of the optimal leaf surface area, powerful tops, root system and productive bushes when applying organomineral fertilizers at a rate of 10 t/ha of manure + N125-150P100-120K62-75 kg/ha or per each nest 1.0 kg of manure + N13.0-15.8P10.5-12.6K6.6-8.0 grams. At the same time, the marketable yield was 18-20 t/ha and more.
Concept development of Sino-Russian cross-border agricultural entrepreneurship
Authors: Yihua Piao , Shashlo N.V.
Published: May 2023

The objective of the study is to support an adequate methodological approach to the development of the concept of cross-border Russian-Chinese agricultural entrepreneurship and to take into account the inevitable risks that arise in this process. The object of the study is Russian-Chinese agricultural entrepreneurship in Primorsky Krai of the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is the organisational and economic relations that determine the conditions of Russian-Chinese agricultural entrepreneurship in the border areas. The results of the research are methodological tools to support the process of developing the concept of joint Russian-Chinese agricultural entrepreneurship under the conditions of minimising environmental and economic risks. It identifies promising projects aimed at the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in border municipalities and production aimed at the production of import-substituting products. The conditions of interaction with Chinese partners, under which foreign investment in the development of agriculture in Primorsky Krai will have an impact on increasing the potential of economic development and its formation as a competitive segment in the Asia-Pacific region, are substantiated. As a result of the development of this concept, related to the variety of tasks to be solved and risks that arise, the improvement of Russian-Chinese agricultural entrepreneurship should be based on the maximum structuring of risks and the application of standardised assessments of the results obtained, which will ensure high efficiency of joint entrepreneurship in the border areas and progressive development of the Russian and Chinese economies by achieving mutual interests.
Different financial methods to finance agricultural small-medium enterprises: the case of Indonesia
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Shatila Khodor
Published: May 2023

The need for supply of bank finance for A-in SMEs in Indonesia is explored in this article. This research achieves its aims and contributes to the area by investigating the present situation of bank financing for A-SMEs in Indonesia. This subject has gotten relatively less attention in the literature than the financing practices of A-SMEs in industrialized nations. The present research contributes to the existing literature on A-SME financing and on bank financing in the context of developing countries by analyzing the most recent innovations and practices in bank financing for A-SMEs in a developing country experiencing transition, Indonesia. Since the earlier research has been lacking, particularly in the setting of developing nations, the findings of this study contribute to the expanding body of information on the issue. Our knowledge of A-SME finance is still in its infancy since the issue has only lately aroused the attention of Indonesia's academic community. The most popular kind of external funding for A-SMEs, this research contributes by analyzing the different techniques and consequences of bank borrowing.
Kabachnik-Fields reactions of 2,3-Trimethylene-1,2,3,4-dihydrobenzo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-on
Authors: Tukhsanov Feruz , Oripov Ergash , Haydarov Gayrat , Khudayarov Makhmasaid , Eshboboyev Turakul
Published: May 2023

In this research article, 2,3-trimethylene-3,4-dihydrobenzo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one was synthesized from 2-aminobenzoic acid and pyrrolidone-2 in the presence of various substances, such as PCl5, POCl3. Its reduction reaction with NaBH4 was carried out. The resulting three-component coupling of 2,3-trimethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one-carbonyl, amine, and hydrophosphoryl leads to αaminophosphonates. Phosphate acid – formaldehyde; aldehydes in the three-component system; and the synthesis of aminomethylphosphonic acid is based on the condensation reaction. During the experiment, 2,3-trimethylene-3,4-dihydrobenzo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one was obtained in the amount of 74%. The yield of the reaction product was increased in resyntheses. The structures were confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Using NaBH4, the experiment was repeated and the product obtained from the synthesis of 2,3-trimethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[2,3d]pyrimidin-4-one was obtained in high yield. Additionally, 2,3-trimethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one and related aminophosphonic acids three ring molecules were synthesized in high yield.
Effect of cadmium on agrochemical and ecological status of irrigated soils
Authors: Nizamov Sobirjon , Riskieva Khurshida , Umarov Mukhammad , Kuziev Jahongir , Mirsodikov Miraziz
Published: May 2023

The sources of environmental pollution with heavy metals are mainly wastes of the metal production industry, combustion products of various fuels, car fumes and exhaust gases, chemicals used in agriculture, etc. The use of coal, oil, gas and a number of other fuels is increasing day by day, which pollutes the environment several times more than the metal production industry. Also, heavy metals enter the soil with biocides and mineral fertilizers, and soil contamination with heavy metals accumulates in the human body along the food chain and causes various diseases. In Uzbekistan, serious attention is being paid to the issues of ensuring ecological stability, creating the necessary conditions for the population to have a comfortable natural environment, rational and effective use of natural resources, preventing emerging environmental problems and eliminating their negative consequences. This article presents the accumulation of cadmium element in the takyr-meadow and meadow soils of Kashkadarya region, Kasbi district, exceeding the permissible standards.
Coccinellidae family is studied in the world: a review of papers from the Scopus database published in English for the period of 2007-2021
Authors: Arabova Nodira , Akhmedov Khasan
Published: May 2023

This article observes the problems in the study of perspective species of the family Coccinellidae worldwide: a review of papers from the Scopus database published in English for the period of 2007-2021. Trends of publications in the family of Coccinellidae, various journals on Coccinellidae family, authors and their affiliated country, top countries in the study of the Coccinellidae family were analyzed throughout the article. Relying on the results of this analysis, it was found out that paper publishing beat records from 2007 to 2021 with 120 and 62 respectively. Also, number of journals that are frequently used by scholars worldwide were studied. There, top 15 journals were chosen by scholars to publish 721 (44,23 %) of their papers. Countries that held the largest number of researches on the Coccinellidae family was also considered in our article. We identified funding institutions, among which National Natural Science Foundation of China has possessed the largest number with 40. Last but not least, the most influential and productive countries, including China, Brazil, and others, were recorded in our research.
Selection of high-yielding, disease-resistant, promising, and export-oriented varieties of melons
Authors: Yunusov Salohiddin , Sadullayev Sanjarbek , Khaitboyeva Guzal , Sharipova Maftuna
Published: May 2023

In the top melon-producing nations in the world, numerous scientific research are being carried out to develop types that are suited for growing melons at various times, particularly in isolated and protected places, and to advance cultivation techniques. The technology to grow melons in greenhouses throughout the winter and varieties appropriate for growth in greenhouses have been developed in a number of nations, and ultra-fast and exportable melon types are now being cultivated. Increasing the melon gene pool and its export potential by increasing the variety of exportable cultivars is one of the critical issues of the present. In this research paper, high-yielding, high-quality melon varieties are investigated by the means of selection of high-yielding, disease-resistant, promising and exportable melon varieties of the Khorezm oasis. For the investigation, 8 different melon varieties such as Ko’k Gulobi, Khan qizi, Non go’sht, To’yona, Bijir. Bashak, Qari qiz and L oybek are selected. In relation to standard melon variety, L Oybek melon variety showed higher field germination rate, tasting value, yield and percentage of commodity yield share in comparison with other selected melon varieties. The experimental variety test of melons of Khorezm oasis was conducted in 2018-2019. At the Khorezm Scientific Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetables, Melons and Potatoes, varieties of melons with high-yielding, high-quality characteristics were studied..
Influence of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and productivity indicators of large clustered grapes
Authors: Fayziev Jamoliddin , Ochildiyev Utkir , Adilov Khikmatilla
Published: May 2023

The article examines the effect of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and yield of grape varieties with large clusters. The transition periods of phenological phases, productivity indicators, chemical composition of grape bunch cluster weight and juice, influence of mineral fertilizers on the mechanical composition of grape bunch and cluster were determined. In the study of the effects of different rates of mineral fertilizers, the transition periods of phenological phases, the mechanical and chemical composition of grape bunch clusters were analyzed mathematically and statistically, it was proved that the highest result was given when N160 P120 K40 kg/ha was given. When mineral fertilizer N160 P120 K40 kg/ha is applied, flowering and ripening periods start 3 and 6 days earlier in varieties, sugar content is 1.6% high, acidity is 0.5 g/l, shingles is 1.5%, and flesh and juice is 1.8 % is high, 2.8% is less in the seed and it is found that the rudiment seed does not differ significantly.
Common carp reproduction in winter using heated water in temporal climate of Uzbekistan
Authors: Zokhidova Iroda , Toshova Nozima , Yuldashov Mansur , Kamilov Baxtiyar
Published: May 2023

In December 2022, 10 females and 2 males of common carp (Common carp) from ponds (water temperature 10°C) were placed in RAS pools and 2 females and 2 males (control group) were placed in an open pond in Uzbeki-stan. In January, the water temperature was increased by 1°C in two days in the RAS for two weeks. Since January 20, the water temperature was 22-24°C for two weeks. The fish had weigh 2950 – 3980 (average 3235) g. From February 3th, 4 females and 2 males were injected with the pituitary gland according to the routine methods and ripe eggs and milt were obtained, ripe eggs (920 g) were incubated in Zuger apparatus. Fertility was 90%, Feb-ruary 7th, the beginning of hatching of the larvae was determined. The yield of larvae from eggs was 64%. Injected at the same time, 2 females and 2 males from the control group of carp did not produce ripe eggs and milt at all.
Morphoanatomic description of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds
Authors: Kaysarov Vahob , Mardonov Fozilbek
Published: May 2023

The color and anatomical structure of the seed kernel are different. For the seed to ripen, it is necessary to go through certain processes, that is, it takes time. It depends on many external and internal factors. Morphological signs of fruits and seeds are different in each species, but at the same time, these signs are relatively constant at the level of the genus, therefore, the importance of these signs in systematics is increasing now. The morpho-anatomical study of angiosperms fruit and seed kernel was of great interest both practically and theoretically. The study of the morpho-anatomy of seeds and fruits of representatives of different taxa provides great material for solving controversial problems of systematics and phylogeny. That is why it is necessary to study the morphology, anatomy and biology of the seeds of this plant and this is the demand of the time. The following diagnostic signs were determined and the anatomical structure of seeds in the conditions of the Tashkent oasis during introduction was analyzed. The presence of densely arranged parenchymal cells, 50% of the volume of the embryo seed. These identified diagnostic signs can be used in the process of seed identification.
Advances in cartography: a review on employed methods
Authors: Abdurakhmonov Sarvar , Bekanov Kuatbay , Ochilov Shodikul , Tukhtamishev Shukhrat , Karimov Yunus
Published: May 2023

The creation of maps is the art and science of cartography, which has been a vital part of human history for millennia. Maps have been used to represent the world around us since prehistoric cave drawings through contemporary satellite imaging, assisting us in navigating, exploring, and comprehending our surroundings. Cartography has changed significantly over the past few decades as a result of technological advancements and the availability of data. Today's cartographers can produce maps that are more precise, comprehensive, and educational than ever before because to the availability of sophisticated technologies. This review article tries to give an overview of the most recent advancements in cartography, with an emphasis on the techniques that are used the most frequently. The following is how the paper is set up: First, we'll give a quick summary of cartography's history, highlighting some of the most significant turning points in the discipline. The influence of digital technologies on cartography will then be covered, with a focus on how GIS, remote sensing, and data visualization have transformed the discipline. The most popular techniques in contemporary cartography, such as GIS, remote sensing, data visualization, and web-based mapping, will next be thoroughly reviewed.
Taxonomic analysis of the species composition and fauna of fish caught in the watery areas of Bukhara region
Authors: Rayimov Avaz , Turaev Muxtor , Azizova Nodira , Turayeva Nazira
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the species composition, the leading orders, the spectrum of families, the taxonomic composition of fish harvested in Bukhara region and adjacent watery areas. Data on the ecology of seasonal and territorial distribution of fish fauna collected from reservoirs of various types in Bukhara region, and environmental factors affecting them and manifestations of fish adaptation to these impacts are presented. The economic efficiency of fishery farms can be improved by preserving their stability through special breeding of fish species and introducing hunting tourism.
Methods of storing broccoli in different periods
Authors: Misirov Shuhrat , Sharipov Sulton
Published: May 2023

A lot of scientific research work has been carried out on the cultivation, storage and processing of broccoli around the world. These studies were mainly carried out in the directions of creating varieties and hybrids, cultivation in different periods and selection of varieties. In the following years, China, Japan and European countries mainly developed broccoli hybrids, processing and packaging. Growing and eating broccoli in Uzbekistan is not as widespread as other vegetables. In addition, studies on marketability and nutritional value, storability, and primary processing directions have been little studied. In this regard, the introduction of science-based technologies into production will help to increase economic efficiency by increasing product production, efficient use of irrigated areas, and maintaining the yield of cultivated broccoli. This article presents the results of research on the cultivation of broccoli seedlings in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, planting at different periods and its growth, development, yield, storage and, selection of varieties and hybrids, as well as the impact of weather conditions. According to the results of the study, high productivity and longer storage were achieved in the cultivation of hybrids Naxos F1 and Agassi F1 hybrids. It is reported that the best result in the storage of raw materials in various methods and containers is achieved in the use of polyethene films.
Homoptera - apple pests in forest communities of Fergana valley, Uzbekistan
Authors: Kojevnikova Alevtina
Published: May 2023

This article presents the results of the study of apple’s homoptera pests in the forest communities of Fergana Valley, biological features, harmfulness, features of development phases, specific composition of the most harmful species, food relations, their natural enemies and recommended measures to control them. Species that are a component of entomocenoses of cultural and natural landscapes of Fergana Valley, their negative impact on forest communities have been established. It was revealed that the species of homoptera insects, in particular cicadas, in Fergana Valley are characterized by complex bioecological features, highly specialized and adapted for habitation. The research is of theoretical and practical importance, since many species are pests and some species carry viral diseases. The Auchenorryncha pest series is distinguished by diversity in species composition and amount. The pest Cicadatra querula (Pall.) breeds in mass numbers in some years. The nature of the damage caused by C. querula (Pall.) was studied, since insects suck plant juices and damage fruit and shrub plants when they lay eggs. It has been established that the terms of cicada passage of the development phases depend on temperature and humidity.
Selection of kolrabi cabbage varieties and samples for the central zone of Uzbekistan
Authors: Amanova Makhfurat , Yakubova Dilafruz , Yakubov Yusuf
Published: May 2023

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, experts in the field of vegetable cultivation are faced with the task of satisfying the population's need for vegetable products by not only growing their variety and number but also enhancing their quality. The fact that over 80% of the farmed space was occupied by just ten crops, however, highlights the lack of variety in vegetable production. This is mostly because early-ripening, high-yielding, and vitamin-rich vegetable types appropriate for local circumstances have not been sufficiently developed, and there is a need for more study into gardening methods. For three years 13 varieties and samples of kohlrabi cabbage collection were studied according to morphobiological and economic characteristics. In the course of research, 4 varieties were selected for early ripening, including VIR k-41 (France), Pikant, Nezhenka and Smak (Russia), 4 Giants for productivity, Delikatesnaya belaya, Smak and Violetta varieties were selected, and 4 samples of VIR K-41, Pikant, Smak and Fioletovaya varieties were selected according to their complex characteristics (earliness, productivity and marketability). In the future, these selected varieties and samples will serve as a primary source for the creation of early-early, fruitful, environmental stress-resistant varieties suitable for the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan.
Effect of economic value characteristics of newly created mulberry varieties on biological indicators of silkworm
Authors: Yalgashev Khurshid , Kasimova Mukhabatkhan , Mukhanova Muyasar
Published: May 2023

The demand for natural fibers on the global market and the ongoing improvement of coir product quality indicators need the efficient use of scientific advancements and creative ideas in their production. In the development of mulberry varieties and hybrids, which are used as food for silkworms, it is particularly crucial to employ new, promising types with high economic value, chemical composition, and nutritional value, as well as those that are resistant to various external stress factors. The growing demand for natural fibers in the global market and the need for better quality coir products necessitates the efficient utilization of scientific advancements and innovative techniques in their cultivation. During the experiment, 4 plants of each mulberry variety were selected and 30 pieces of leaves were picked from their different parts. Immediately, the total length, width and leaf band of each of them were measured, and the length was determined. The results showed that the moisture content of leaves in the spring season showed the highest result in the Markhamat-2017 variety - 7.20%. This indicator was equal to 7.07-7.02% in Mustaqillik-2018 and Jarariq-12 varieties. It was found to be equal to 7.04% in the comparative Tajikskaya bessemyannaya mulberry variety. In the summer season, the amount of moisture in the leaf was 6.96-7.22% in mulberry varieties.
Discourses on the history of the irrigation of Bukhara oasis
Authors: Orziyev Mahmud , Kucharov Jamshid , Egamberdiyev Faxriddin
Published: May 2023

The following article discusses the hard work of the peasants of the Bukhara Oasis, the issues of crop irrigation and water scarcity, the causes and factors of the lack of water in the Bukhara Oasis, especially the efforts done to eliminate water scarcity as the result of the diminishing of the water resources of the Zarafshan River year by year, which provides water to Bukhara during the occupation of the Russian Empire, to reduce water year by year.
Proteomic and metabolomic analysis of the Eskimo-1 line on the effect of low positive temperatures
Authors: Rakhmatova Nodira , Imamkhodjayeva Azadakhan , Artikova Rano , Buriev Zabardast
Published: May 2023

Low temperatures are a significant stressor that adversely affects plant growth and productivity. They cause mechanical damage to the aerial parts of the plant, while salinity and drought disrupt the ionic and osmotic balance of the cell. Cold damage can also occur due to extremely low temperatures that lead to irreversible damage to plant organs. Consequently, low temperatures are a limiting environmental factor for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to investigate the response of cotton seedlings (lines ESKIMO1 and Coker-312) at the 2-4 true leaf stage to low temperatures. The content of free proline and endogenous salicylic acid was measured after the plants were exposed to temperatures below the critical threshold (+4 0 С, +10 0 С, +15 0 С, and +24 0 С) for 24 and 48 hours in climatic chambers. Analysis of the results revealed changes in the amino acid and phytohormone content after 24 hours of exposure to low temperatures. Based on these findings, we conclude that these substances participate in the adaptation process, protecting plants from the damaging effects of abiotic temperature factors. These results have implications for improving plant growth and productivity under low temperature conditions.