bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of In-tube SPME for Bioanalysis
Authors: Queiroz Maria Eugênia Costa , de Souza Israel Donizeti , Oliveira Igor Gustavo Carvalho , Grecco Caroline Fernandes
Published: March 2023

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become the reference technique for bioanalysis, due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. In bioanalysis, a sample preparation step is usually necessary to eliminate most endogenous compounds and to concentrate the target analytes that often exist at trace levels in biological matrixes. Recent trends in biological sample preparation have focused on miniaturized systems, the development of selective new sorbent materials, and high throughput performance with online coupling to analytical instruments. A miniaturized system requires a smaller amount of sample and organic solvents, and an online system reduces the sample preparation steps, analysis time, and costs and improves accuracy. In this context, online capillary solid-phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) coupled to LC systems is worth mentioning. This technique uses a capillary column as the extraction device and enables continuous extraction, concentration, and desorption online with LC systems. This chapter describes the principle of in-tube SPME-LC, configurations, optimization of parameters, new stationary phases, bioanalysis application, and the present state of this technique and summarizes current trends and future perspectives.
Ambient Ionization (DART) and Microextraction: A Perfect Complement
Authors: Cody Robert B.
Published: March 2023

A sample preparation method that removes chemical interferences and concentrates the analytes of interest can greatly enhance the value of ambient ionization methods by improving selectivity and reducing detection limits. Because solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is rapid, inexpensive, and simple to use, it is an ideal choice of a sample preparation method for use with ambient ionization mass spectrometry. This chapter focuses on the combination of SPME and one of the most widely used ambient ionization methods: Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART).
Recent Developments in Solid Phase Microextraction Materials for Polar Analytes
Authors: Boyaci Ezel
Published: March 2023

Polar analytes comprise an extensive group of compounds that are important in diverse fields with a wide range of applications from industrial use to vital biological functions; consequently, their reliable and sensitive determination is crucial. At the same time, polar compounds are the most challenging group of analytes for sample preparation, making the extraction step often complicated. In the case of SPME, the number of commercially available SPME coatings and their extraction abilities are limited. Because there is a high demand for reliable and sensitive determination of polar analytes, a substantial effort has been made for developing novel extractive materials with high affinities for polar analytes. In terms of novel SPME extractive materials and their applications to polar analytes, the most important developments have been made in the preparation of new materials, such as ionic liquids (ILs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and a myriad of nanomaterials which possess extractive behaviors. This chapter outlines the recent progress in SPME in terms of developments of extractive phases for polar analytes and their applications.
Applications of SPME for the Determination of Amino Acids and Peptides in Biological Matrices
Authors: Onat B.
Published: March 2023

In the last two decades, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been proven to be superior to other sample preparation techniques in terms of sampling unstable metabolites in a non-invasive way through combining sampling and extraction in one step. The non-invasive equilibrium-based extraction of metabolites by SPME allows SPME tools to sample short-lived metabolites, making the discovery of intermediate metabolic compounds and sample preparation for analysis in accurate amounts possible. Among all biological compounds sampled through SPME, amino acids and short peptides have attracted significant attention recently, as they play vital roles in human metabolism, such as in the pathways of cellular signalling, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and fatty acid metabolism. This chapter summarizes the current techniques in amino acid and peptide sample preparation through SPME. Initially, amino acid derivatization and subsequent GC-MS analysis are described. It continues with a demonstration of non-derivatization based amino acid sample preparation techniques and the extraction of small peptides from complex biological matrices through Bio-SPME.
SPME and Chromatographic Fingerprints in Food Analysis
Authors: Mascrez Steven , Eggermont Damien , Purcaro Giorgia
Published: March 2023

This chapter focus on the application of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in food analysis. A preliminary overview of the evolution of food analysis over the years from a technical viewpoint will be provided. This development has been followed by the evolution from more targeted towards untargeted and fingerprinting approaches. In this scenario, the coupling of SPME with gas chromatography (GC) and particularly with comprehensive multidimensional GC (GC × GC) has played a fundamental role in enhancing significantly the level of information that can be extrapolated from a chromatographic fingerprint. Applications on different food commodities are discussed, emphasizing the applications that more deeply exploited this novel approach.
Advances in the Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Origin Food by SPME
Authors: Khaled Abir
Published: March 2023

This chapter presents a comprehensive review of recent developments of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) applications for screening and quantitative analysis of multi-class multi-residue veterinary drugs in animal-derived matrices. We briefly introduce the most commonly performed sample preparation techniques for multi-class multi-residue methods and pay particular attention to alternative approaches based on the most recent SPME developments aimed to reduce sample turnaround time, minimize experimental errors, and lower the cost per analysis via automation and high-throughput sample preparation. Furthermore, this chapter examines the latest developments in the field of rapid screening and quantitation of multi-residue veterinary drugs in animal-derived samples by means of direct coupling of SPME to different ambient ionization techniques, namely coated blade spray (CBS) and direct analysis in real time (DART).
Tropical Flower Scent Study by SPME
Authors: Stashenko Elena E. , Martínez Jairo René
Published: March 2023

Determining the chemical composition of floral fragrances is of fundamental importance to understanding plant–plant and plant–insect interactions and to study the physiological and ecological aspects of plant adaptation. The diverse chemical features of floral fragrances are described in this chapter, together with several examples of the application of solid-phase microextraction methods to tropical flower scent studies. Comparisons of sampling conditions and techniques, as well as recommendations on experimental strategies to obtain reproducible results are provided.
Recurrent neural networks for time domain modelling of FTIR spectra: application to brain tumour detection
Authors: Antoniou Georgios , Conn Justin J. A. , Smith Benjamin R. , Brennan Paul M. , Baker Matthew J. , Palmer David S.
Published: March 2023

A recurrent neural network trained on time domain data can accurately identify brain tumours from serum spectral data.
Identification of multidentate tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibitors that simultaneously access the DNA, protein and catalytic-binding sites by oxime diversification
Authors: Zhao Xue Zhi , Wang Wenjie , Lountos George T. , Kiselev Evgeny , Tropea Joseph E. , Needle Danielle , Pommier Yves , Burke Terrence R.
Published: March 2023

A click-based oxime protocol to extend small molecule microarray-derived TDP1 inhibitory platform to project into the DNA and TOP1 peptide substrate-binding channels.
Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip systems for breast cancer metastasis research
Authors: Firatligil-Yildirir Burcu , Yalcin-Ozuysal Ozden , Nonappa
Published: March 2023

This review highlights recent advances and emerging applications of lab-on-a-chip (LOC)-based in vitro models to study breast cancer metastasis, diagnosis and treatment.
Gate-voltage-modulated electrostatic interaction between the probe and the channel material of FET biosensors for detecting telomerase
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Zheng Zhi , Zhang Zhicheng , Hai Liang , Li Haiyang , Liu Shenghong , Lou Xiaoding , Zhai Tianyou , Xia Fan
Published: March 2023

A novel gate-voltage-modulated strategy based on FET biosensors is developed to comprehensively improve the detection performance of telomerase.
Electron–phonon coupling, bipolar effects, and thermoelectric performance of the CuSbS2 monolayer
Authors: Chen Ao-Dong , Yang Chuan-Lu , Wang Mei-Shan , Ma Xiao-Guang
Published: March 2023

The thermoelectric performance of the CuSbS2 monolayer is determined using the relaxation times obtained from electron–phonon coupling calculations and the transport properties of phonons and electrons.
Guerbet upgrading of ethanol to n-butanol using Ru(iii) catalysts under air
Authors: P. M Mahitha , S Nakul , Kulkarni Naveen V. , Jagirdar Balaji R. , Jones William D.
Published: March 2023

A series of in situ prepared Ru(iii) complexes supported by easily accessible N-donor organic pincer ligands were used as catalysts in the Guerbet upgrading reaction of ethanol under aerobic conditions.
Sustainable natural rubber composites: masterbatch development of epoxidized natural rubber grafted to designed enzymatic polysaccharides
Authors: Adibi Azin , Simon Leonardo , Lenges Christian , Mekonnen Tizazu H.
Published: March 2023

Designed polysaccharides obtained from the enzymatic polymerization of sucrose modified via a solvent free in situ melt grafting process provided appealing rubber composite properties as sustainable rubber filler material.
A novel photoswitchable AIE-active supramolecular photosensitizer with synergistic enhancement of ROS-generation ability constructed by a two-step sequential FRET process
Authors: Tian Xueqi , Li Shengke , Velmurugan Krishnasamy , Bai Zhihang , Liu Qian , Wang Kaiya , Zuo Minzan , Hu Xiao-Yu
Published: March 2023

An AIE-active supramolecular photosensitizer with excellent switchable ROS-generation ability is successfully fabricated in an aqueous environment based on a two-step sequential FRET process.
Precise synthesis of schwarzite carbon: hypothesis or reality?
Authors: Wang Ming-Wei , Li Zuoyu , Liu Yujian , Jiang Wei , Wang Zhaohui
Published: March 2023

This study summarizes the research progress of schwarzite carbon and presents the theoretical prediction of key units in Schwarzite P192.
A 3D printable synthetic hydrogel as an immobilization matrix for continuous synthesis with fungal peroxygenases
Authors: Meyer Lars-Erik , Horváth Dorottya , Vaupel Sonja , Meyer Johanna , Alcalde Miguel , Kara Selin
Published: March 2023

Development of a novel immobilization strategy using synthetic 3D printable hydrogels for flow biocatalysis.
Graphene oxide based nickel–copper–zinc and copper–zinc cobaltite: catalysts for the thermolysis of ammonium perchlorate and nitrotriazolone
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N. , Sirach Ruksana
Published: March 2023

Cobaltites NiCuZnCo2O4 and CuZnCo2O4 and their mixture with GO can efficiently reduce the thermal decomposition temperature and the activation energy of the decomposition of high energetic material ammonium perchlorate and nitrotriazolone.
A novel technique for texture description and image classification based in RGB compositions
Authors: Leyferman Carlos Eduardo Padilla , Bonilla José Trinidad Guillen , Gutiérrez Juan Carlos Estrada , Rodríguez Maricela Jiménez
Published: March 2023

At present, facial recognition entertains great importance in performing authentication processes, because it prevents unauthorized access to devices and places. Additionally, it allows for the identification of persons. Henceforth, this paper proposes a novel texture descriptor called Cyclical Chroma and a new classification technique, which takes in consideration the sub‐pixel values of 0–255 for each RGB (Red, Green, Blue) channel that conforms the image. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, tests were performed with a database of images in a controlled environment and in one under uncontrolled conditions; additionally, Cyclical Chroma was tested with a different classifier, denominated the Multiclass Classifier, and the results were compared against other descriptors, including GLCM, SHDH, LQP, and CCR, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed techniques with 100% efficiency with controlled images and 78% effectiveness under uncontrolled conditions prior to the application of an equalization technique, increasing the efficiency to 100%.
Research and implementation of modulation recognition based on cascaded feature fusion
Authors: Qian Lei , Wu Hao , Zhang Tao , Yang Xiaomeng
Published: March 2023

Aiming at the problems of weak robustness of single feature and limited recognition range in modulation recognition, this paper proposes a modulation recognition algorithm based on cascaded feature fusion and multi‐classifier combination, in which time‐frequency map and instantaneous amplitude spectral density features are extracted from low intermediate frequency (IF) signal, constellation map and high‐order cumulant features are extracted from zero IF signal, and a three‐level recognition algorithm is designed through the decision fusion of decision tree, convolutional neural network, and support vector machine. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm, a modulation recognition system is designed and built based on USRP2974. The low IF and zero IF modulation signals are received through two channels, and the RF signals are received and processed in real time with the help of the built‐in CPU of the receiver. The recognition of 13 kinds of analog modulation and digital modulation signals is realized. Under the condition of wireless reception, the recognition rate of this system is more than 93% at 5 to 10 dB.
Linear programming‐based proportional‐integral‐derivative control of positive systems
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyue , Zhang Junfeng , Jia Xianglei , Wu Di
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates the proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control of positive systems in the discrete‐time case. First, a tuning parameter is introduced to construct the proportional‐integral‐derivative control framework of positive systems. The proportional‐integral‐derivative control problem is thus transformed into the control synthesis of positive systems with time‐delay. By virtue of a matrix decomposition approach, the gain matrices of proportional‐integral‐derivative controller are designed. Using co‐positive Lyapunov functions and linear programming, the positivity and stability of positive systems are achieved under the designed proportional‐integral‐derivative controller. Then, the proportional‐integral‐derivative control of positive systems with reference signal is solved. The main contribution of this paper lies in that linear programming associated to the matrix decomposition approach is first presented to handle the proportional‐integral‐derivative control of positive systems. Finally, two illustrative examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Predictive discrete‐time sliding mode based direct power control for grid‐connected energy conversion systems
Authors: Huseinbegović Senad , Peruničić‐Draženović Branislava , Veselić Boban , Milosavljević Čedomir , Petronijević Milutin
Published: March 2023

A method for digital direct power control design for grid‐connected energy conversion systems was proposed in this paper. The active and reactive powers are directly controlled with constant switching frequency by selecting an appropriate switching control sequence of voltage source converter as a key part of energy conversion systems. The control design combines a discrete‐time sliding mode control and predictive control. The selection of feasible switching control vectors is a direct result of the discrete‐time sliding mode control approach. These vectors satisfy the existence conditions of the sliding mode, but each of them induces system motion with different properties. The task of predictive control is to select an appropriate switching control sequence to reduce the chattering phenomenon, steady‐state error, and overshoot. The cost function of the prediction process is defined as the average value of both power errors on the prediction horizon of three sampling periods. Simulation results, experimental results, and results of a comparative analysis are presented in order to show the performance and effectiveness of the proposed control design.
Investigating the impact of a dynamic thermal rating on wind farm integration
Authors: Dawson Leanne , Knight Andrew M.
Published: March 2023

With an increased focus on renewable power generation, dynamic thermal ratings of various power equipment are being investigated to connect the new intermittent generation to the grid without needing to replace existing infrastructure. Previous research is mainly focused on a dynamic thermal rating for overhead lines. End‐of‐line equipment are also restricted by a thermal limit. This paper combines the thermal model for overhead lines with the transformer thermal model, to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on both. A wind farm case study is used to determine the potential increase in capacity using a combined thermal model. The impact of a higher thermal limit on the loss of life of the transformer is compared to the amount of curtailed wind and the potential revenue from the added wind farm. This analysis serves to provide a method to analyse the risks of using a higher transformer thermal limit, compared to the benefits of increased wind penetration and additional revenue.
Investigating the turbulent hot gas in X-COP galaxy clusters
Authors: Dupourqué S. , Clerc N. , Pointecouteau E. , Eckert D. , Ettori S. , Vazza F.
Published: March 2023

Context. Turbulent processes at work in the intracluster medium perturb this environments, impacting its properties, displacing gas, and creating local density fluctuations that can be quantified via X-ray surface brightness fluctuation analyses. Improved knowledge of these phenomena would allow for a more accurate determination of the mass of galaxy clusters, as well as a better understanding of their dynamic assembly.

Aims. In this work, we aim to set constraints on the structure of turbulence using X-ray surface brightness fluctuations. We seek to consider the stochastic nature of this observable and to constrain the structure of the underlying power spectrum.

Methods. We propose a new Bayesian approach, relying on simulation-based inference to account for the whole error budget. We used the X-COP cluster sample to individually constrain the power spectrum in four regions and within R500. We spread the analysis on the entire set of 12 systems to alleviate the sample variance. We then interpreted the density fluctuations as the result of either gas clumping or turbulence.

Results. For each cluster considered individually, the normalisation of density fluctuations correlate positively with the Zernike moment and centroid shift, but negatively with the concentration and the Gini coefficient. The spectral index within R500 and evaluated over all clusters is consistent with a Kolmogorov cascade. The normalisation of density fluctuations, when interpreted in terms of clumping, is consistent within 0.5R500 with the literature results and numerical simulations; however, it is higher between 0.5 and 1R500. Conversely, when interpreted on the basis of turbulence, we deduce a non-thermal pressure profile that is lower than the predictions of the simulations within 0.5 R500, but still in agreement in the outer regions. We explain these results by the presence of central structural residues that are remnants of the dynamical assembly of the clusters.
Cause Analysis and Solutions About Abnormal Heating of Equipment Clamp
Authors: Zheng Jianjun , Xu Zhehao , Gong Weiwei
Published: March 2023

As a kind of link terminal in power grid system, clamp has become one of the key components and widely used for connecting the transmission lines and electrical equipment. However, the joint between the tubular structure and the terminal plate or the drainage plate is always a weak part, which is easy to produce defects and then accelerate the failure of the clamp during service. This is also limited the use space of clamp to a certain extent. In this paper, research status on heating causes of equipment clamps and the corresponding solutions are mainly summarized. And the application of disc shape memory alloy gasket as well as the design of mortise tenon structure clamp will fundamentally solve the problem of abnormal heating of wire clamp.
A certain block of oil and gas accumulation understanding
Authors: Bao Yanfeng
Published: March 2023

The block is located in the southern part of an oil field. A grooved area held by three structures. The blank area is 41.6 square kilometers. It accounts for about 20% of the blank area. The faults in this area are more developed, mainly in the NNW direction, Permeability 0.7~1542mD, The average is 275.1mD, the porosity is 11.1~27.8%, the average is 23.2%, the average effective thickness is 2.2m, and the river channel width is 100-300m. The three-dimensional seismic data were collected in 2004, the accuracy of the survey network was 20m×40m, the number of coverage times was 66 times, the main frequency was 39-42Hz, the surface element was 10m×10m, and the data was finely processed and explained in 2008.
Application of multiphase flow fiber optic fluid production profile testing technology in W1 well
Authors: Yu Fuji
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the number of completions of tight oil horizontal wells in oil field X has increased year by year. Horizontal well fracturing technology has been widely used in the development of tight oil reservoirs in oil field X. However, there are still some technical difficulties in the dynamic monitoring of horizontal wells. Monitoring is mainly for inclined vertical wells, and there are few dynamic monitoring methods and means for horizontal wells. Therefore, the production of each cluster after fracturing in horizontal wells has not been accurately monitored. To obtain the output of each cluster after fracturing in horizontal wells, analyze and evaluate fracturing effects, and guide the preparation of fracturing plans, it is necessary to conduct fiber-optic fluid production profile testing and research. Optical fiber monitoring technology for horizontal wells has developed particularly rapidly in recent years. At present, a relatively mature distributed optical fiber temperature DTS supporting technology has been formed. It is widely used in the monitoring of unconventional reservoirs in some large oil fields abroad, meeting the actual monitoring needs, and has achieved good results. better application effect. This paper expounds the basic principle and well selection principle of horizontal well optical fiber testing, and introduces the knowledge obtained in practical application. It is of great significance to accelerate the application of horizontal well optical fiber monitoring technology in the development of tight oil reservoirs in X oil field, improve the dynamic monitoring of horizontal wells and evaluate the fracturing effect.
Effect of dam removal of small hydropower station on migration and distribution of biogenic elements: Progress and prospects
Authors: Li Cai , Guan Linjie , Yang Kun , Zhang Li , Fan Qingsong
Published: March 2023

The small hydropower stations have reached a new balance after years of operation. The ecological balance of the river would been broken by the dam removal and the reservoir area above the dam would disappear. Consequently, a series of changes occurred in water depth, velocity of flow, the concentration of organic and inorganic nutrients, distribution and form of organic matter, aquatic organism, etc. It is unclear what would happen for the hydrodynamic conditions, sediment characteristics and aquatic organism community structure of the reservoir area and the lower reaches after the dam removal. Therefore, it is urgent to study the impact of dam removal on the transportation and redistribution of organic debris and the potential ecological effects with benthos as indicators in the river where the small hydropower station is located.
Utilizing CO2 from refinery for methanol and electricity coproduction: System assessment
Authors: Ma Qian , Yu Xiaodan , Xia Song , Zhang Xu , Liu Anqi , Yuan Bo , Chen Xiaojun
Published: March 2023

As one of the major energy-consuming and high-emission industries, the refineries account for 10% of global industrial carbon emissions, of which about 25% is emitted by fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. Therefore, CO2 capture from FCC flue gas create the possibility for low-carbon refineries. We developed a novel CO2 utilization process to methanol production modeling using Aspen Plus. Meanwhile, organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation technology was coupled to recover the waste heat of the system. A five-million-ton FCC unit in China was selected as a case study. We conducted some analysis for the process, the results show that the developed system boosts the energy efficiency of the FCC unit by 2.8%. The annual capacity of the waste heat power generation unit is 4.8 GWh, with a thermal efficiency of 5.9%.
Utilizing carbon dioxide from refinery for methanol and electricity co-production: System design and economic assessment
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Yuxi , Zhang Xu , Yu Xiaodan , Liu Anqi , Yuan Bo , Chen Xiaojun
Published: March 2023

Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to curb climate change has become a consensus among international community. Refining is one of the major industries with high energy consumption and high emissions, which is responsible for 4-10% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and approximately 25% is generated by fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. The flue gas discharged from FCC units has a high CO2 content, presenting potential for methanol and electricity co-production production when the methane in the dry gas is considered. To unlock this green chance for enterprises, we designed a methanol production system that uses the CO2 recovered from the flue gas of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in a refinery and the CH4 separated from dry gas as feed stock (hydrogen to be added from an internal hydrogen production unit of the refinery). We analyzed economic feasibility of the process, the results show that the developed system is economically feasible for annual methanol yields of 1.0-2.5 Mt and the internal rate of return increases by 8.3%.
Medium- and long-term power load forecasting model
Authors: Zhu Yuning , Xu Xiaoliang , Lai Ruoqi , Guo Hengqing , Jia Fan
Published: March 2023

Power load is an important part of power system, and power load forecasting has an important impact on power system analysis, design and control. With the development of smart micro grid, load forecasting has gradually become an important module in the energy management system, It is “source, network, load and storage” “An important link in energy flow matching. The staged combined demand forecasting model of power grid based on neural network and polynomial regression is adopted, and judgment conditions are added to the neural network. If the training sample data does not converge in the neural network training process, the neural network forecasting is terminated, and the data is automatically transferred to the polynomial regression model to obtain the forecasting results. This method can be initially used for annual and monthly load forecasting. It is an intelligent micro grid The planning of has laid a certain technical foundation.
Gesund beginnt im Mund: Zahngesundheit bei Kindern
Authors: Nadj-Papp Edith
Published: March 2023

Mundgesundheit beginnt bereits im Mutterleib. Zahnprobleme der Mutter während der Schwangerschaft können sich auf das Ungeborene auswirken. Bei Babys und Kindern nehmen dann das Stillen, die Ernährung, aber auch das Benutzen eines Schnullers wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Zähne. Wichtig ist eine konsequente Zahnpflege ab dem Durchbruch des ersten Zahns. ­Experten empfehlen, Kinder bereits ab dem 6. Lebensmonat zahnmedizinisch zu begleiten. Versiegelungen, Füllungen und Kronen sind wichtige Maßnahmen bei Zahnproblemen – auch bei Kindern.
Ernährung von Kindern im Vorschulalter
Authors: Kalhoff Hermann , Kersting Mathilde
Published: March 2023

Die Prävention typischer Zivilisationskrankheiten schon im frühen Kindesalter ist eine aktuelle Herausforderung in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin und der Ernährungswissenschaft. Der Kinder- und Jugendarzt spielt eine besondere Rolle in der Ernährungsberatung von Familien. Wichtige Botschaften für die gesunde Ernährung im Vorschulalter sind: Rohkost, Gemüse oder Obst zu allen Mahlzeiten, Wasser als Regelgetränk und täglich eine gemeinsame Mahlzeit in der Familie.
Tratamento de cisto sinovial dorsal do punho com escleroterapia percutânea utilizando solução salina hipertônica
Authors: Gobetti Murilo , Santos João Baptista Gomes dos , Pires Fernando Araujo , Nakachima Luis Renato , Belloti João Carlos , Faloppa Flavio
Published: March 2023

Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia da infiltração da solução salina hipertônica como agente esclerosante no cisto sinovial dorsal do punho.

Método Pacientes de ambos os sexos, com 18 anos ou mais, com diagnóstico clínico e ultrassonográfico de cisto sinovial, e sem nenhum tratamento prévio foram selectionados. Série de casos em que 50 pacientes foram submetidos a aspiração do conteúdo do cisto e infiltração da solução salina hipertônica (2 ml solução de cloreto de sódio 20% e 1 ml de lidocaína 2%). Seguimento realizado por 24 semanas, durante as quais foram avaliados os parâmetros dor, força, arco de movimento, função (questionários quick disabilities of the arm, hand, and shoulder [quickDASH] e brief Michigan), recorrência e complicações.

Resultado Foram avaliados 46 pacientes por 24 semanas, 18 (39,1%) cistos evoluíram para cura e 28 (60,9%) cistos apresentaram recorrência. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos quesitos força e arco de movimento. Não houve diferença clinicamente significante nos escores dos questionários. As complicações mais frequentes foram dor e edema.

Conclusão A infiltração com solução salina hipertônica para tratamento do cisto sinovial dorsal do punho mostrou taxa de recorrência de 60,9%.
Relação dos ligamentos cruzados e meniscofemorais com a osteologia do joelho: Um estudo anatômico
Authors: Corbi-Aguirre Fernando , Forriol Francisco
Published: March 2023

Objetivo Analisar as dimensões do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP), do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), a presença de ligamentos meniscofemorais (LMFs) em joelhos humanos e a correlação com as dimensões do esqueleto do joelho.

Métodos Estudo anatômico em 29 espécimes de joelhos humanos nos quais medimos o comprimento e a largura dos ligamentos cruzado e meniscofemoral e as dimensões dos côndilos femorais e tibiais e do entalhe femoral. O comprimento do LCA foi calculado com diferentes graus de flexão do joelho. Analisou-se a relação entre os ligamentos e as dimensões ósseas.

Resultados O comprimento do LCA e do LCP foram semelhantes, LMF posterior foi mais frequente e mais longo do que o LMF anterior. Foram encontradas LMF posterior em 72,41% dos joelhos e LMF anterior em 20,69%. O LCA apresentou 30% de seu comprimento máximo até 60°, aproximadamente metade de seu comprimento entre 90° e 120°, atingindo seu comprimento máximo com flexão de 170°. Encontramos uma forte correlação entre o comprimento do LCA e do LCP (p = 0,001). No entanto, os comprimentos do LCA e do LCP não estavam relacionados com as dimensões ósseas.

Conclusão Não encontramos correlações entre os ligamentos cruzado e meniscofemoral e as dimensões anatômicas do entalhe intercondilar e da tíbia proximal e do fêmur distal. A presença do LMF posterior foi mais frequente e maior que a do ligamento anterior.
The theoretical systems of OFDI location determinants in global north and global south economies
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Li Xue , Zhu Xiaonan , Lee Min-Kyu , Lai Po-Lin
Published: March 2023

With economic transformation and industrial development, Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) from southern countries has increased rapidly. The theoretical system established by global north countries with their dominant position in the international investment market has been impacted by global south countries. The existing OFDI theory has always been based on developed countries and can only explain some international investment behavior of southern countries. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is applied to conduct empirical analysis for the impact of the target country’s investment climate on the location determinants of OFDI, by applying China and the United States as example which is focusing on 172 countries from 2005 to 2019. The results reveal significant differences in the theoretical system of foreign investment between China and the United States. For China, investment climate factors such as energy, logistics infrastructure, and politics are discover as the main drivers of China’s OFDI. However, USA’s OFDI is a corporate behavior aimed at economic interests. The differences in OFDI theoretical systems and provides policy advice for northern and southern countries and departments is the major contribution of this research.
Cultural intelligence and sales performance in online insurance marketing: evidence from a Chinese insurance firm
Authors: Pan Guochen , Liu Mengqi , Tseng Lu-Ming , Geng Zhixiang
Published: March 2023

The cultural clash between customers and salespeople in online marketing is observed as a barrier to promoting sales performance.The capability of handling cultural difference, or cultural intelligence (CQ), is therefore essential for salespeople. With data collected through questionnaires from a Chinese digital insurance brokerage firm, the impact of salespeople’s CQ on sales performance is examined with the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) method. It is identified that CQ serves as a positive moderating variable in the relationship between customer orientation and sales performance, as well as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between perceived organizational support and sales performance of the online insurance salespeople.
The water cavitation line as predicted by the TIP4P/2005 model
Authors: P. Lamas Cintia , Vega Carlos , G. Noya Eva , Sanz Eduardo
Published: March 2023

The formation of vapor bubbles in a metastable liquid, cavitation, is an activated process due to the free energy cost of having both phases at contact. Such an energetic penalty enables the existence of the liquid beyond its thermodynamic borders. Establishing the stability limits of a liquid as ubiquitous as water has important practical implications and has thereby attracted a lot of attention. Different experimental strategies and theoretical analyses have been employed to measure and predict the cavitation line, or the pressure–temperature kinetic stability border of liquid water. Understanding the location of the cavitation line requires knowing the cavitation rate dependence on pressure and temperature. Such dependency is difficult to obtain in experiments, and we use molecular simulations with the TIP4P/2005 model to fill this gap. By deeply overstretching liquid water below the saturation pressure, we are able to observe and quantify spontaneous cavitation. To deal with a lower overstretching regime, we resort to the Seeding technique, which consists of analyzing simulations of a liquid containing a vapor bubble under the theoretical framework of Classical Nucleation Theory. Combining spontaneous cavitation with Seeding, we get a wide overview of the cavitation rate. We study two different temperatures (450 and 550 K) and complement our perspective with the results previously obtained at 296.4 K [Menzl et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 113, 13582 (2016)] to establish a broad simulation-experiment comparison. We find a good agreement between simulations and both isobaric heating and isochoric cooling experiments using quartz inclusions. We are, however, unable to reconcile simulations with other experimental techniques. Our results predict a decrease in the solid–liquid interfacial free energy as the liquid becomes increasingly overstretched with a temperature independent Tolman length of 0.1 nm. Therefore, the capillarity approximation underestimates the nucleation rate. Nonetheless, it provides a fair indication of the location of the cavitation line given the steep rate vs pressure dependence. Overall, our work provides a comprehensive view of the water cavitation phenomenon and sets an efficient strategy to investigate it with molecular simulations.
High-performance metal electrode-enhanced double parallel p–n heterojunctions photodetector
Authors: Song Ze , Wei Binbin , Wang Qilong , Wang Wenhui , Cao Zhangyu , Zhang Li , Mu Qingge , Han Tao , Li Feng , Zhu Xiangde , Shan Lei , Long Mingsheng
Published: March 2023

Highly sensitive uncooled mid-wave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors have a very wide range of applications ranging from the sensor and image to communications. Traditional MWIR detection semiconductors require liquid nitrogen cooling to depress dark current, which impeded the wide applications of devices. Here, we report a metal electrode-enhanced double parallel BP/InSe/BP van der Waals heterostructure uncooled MWIR photodetector. The device exhibits ultrahigh light on/off ratio of 108 and a very low dark current of 0.16 pA. The competitive performance includes high photoresponsivity (R) of 27.8 A W−1, excellent specific detectivity (D*) of 3.8 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1, very low noise equivalent power (NEP) of 3.7 × 10−16 W Hz−1/2, and fast response speed of τr = 3.5 μs and τd = 2.4 μs in the visible range. Notably, in the MWIR range, the light on/off ratio of ∼104, NEP of 3.0 × 10−13 W Hz−1/2, and D* of 4.8 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 was realized. The work sheds light on developing a high-performance uncooled MWIR photodetector by designed band alignment.
Transient absorption spectroscopy based on uncompressed hollow core fiber white light proves pre-association between a radical ion photocatalyst and substrate
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Malevich Pavel , Mewes Lars , Wu Shangze , Barham Joshua P. , Hauer Jürgen
Published: March 2023

We present a hollow-core fiber (HCF) based transient absorption experiment, with capabilities beyond common titanium:sapphire based setups. By spectral filtering of the HCF spectrum, we provide pump pulses centered at 425 nm with several hundred nJ of pulse energy at the sample position. By employing the red edge of the HCF output for seeding CaF2, we obtain smooth probing spectra in the range between 320 and 900 nm. We demonstrate the capabilities of our experiment by following the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of a radical cationic photocatalyst to prove its pre-association with an arene substrate, a phenomenon that was not detectable previously by steady-state spectroscopic techniques. The detected preassembly rationalizes the successful participation of radical ionic photocatalysts in single electron transfer reactions, a notion that has been subject to controversy in recent years.
A Zn-based catalyst with high oxygen reduction activity and anti-poisoning property for stable seawater batteries
Authors: Liu Yingxin , Jiang Xin , Wang Li , Meng Rongwei , Tang Quanjun , Guo Yong , Han Zishan , Ling Guowei , Zhang Chen , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: March 2023

Seawater batteries (SWBs) are a key part of the future underwater energy network for maritime safety and resource development due to their high safety, long lifespan, and eco-friendly nature. However, the complicated seawater composition and pollution, such as the S2−, usually poison the catalyst and lead to the degradation of the battery performance. Here, Zn single-atom catalysts (SACs) were demonstrated as effective oxygen reduction reaction catalysts with high anti-poisoning properties by density functional theory calculation and the Zn SACs anchoring on an N, P-doped carbon substrate (Zn-SAC@PNC) was synthesized by a one-pot strategy. Zinc active sites ensure the anti-poisoning property toward S2−, and N, P-doped carbon helps improve the activity. Therefore, Zn-SAC@PNC exhibits superior activity (E1/2: 0.87 V, Tafel slope: 69.5 mV dec−1) compared with Pt/C and shows a lower decay rate of the voltage after discharge in lean-oxygen natural seawater. In the presence of S2−, Zn-SAC@PNC can still maintain its original catalytic activity, which ensures the stable operation of SWBs in the marine environment with sulfur-based pollutants. This study provides a new strategy to design and develop efficient cathode materials for SWBs.
Viral dynamics in tropical coastal waters: effects of warming and nutrient enrichment
Authors: Chai Stanley Choon Yip , Lee Choon Weng , Lim Joon Hai , Bong Chui Wei , Sim Edmund Ui Hang , Narayanan Kumaran , Wang Ai-jun
Published: March 2023

Context We studied the virus component in the microbial food-web in the tropical coastal Sunda Shelf waters. Aims We investigated viral processes, including the lysogenic to lytic shift dynamics with seawater warming and nutrient enrichment. Methods We sampled nearshore and offshore waters of Peninsular Malaysia to provide a natural trophic gradient for correlational analyses. We also conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the changes in virus production rates and lysogeny, when temperature (range: 25–37°C) and nutrient concentrations (range: 0.1–1.0× marine-broth concentration) were manipulated. Key results Observations showed site-dependent differences in dissolved inorganic nutrient concentration, Chl-a (0.21–3.54 μg L−1) and bacterial abundance (4.09 × 105−9.41 × 105 cells mL−1), but not in viral abundance (measured as virus-like particles or VLP) (1.04 × 106−2.39 × 106 VLP mL−1) and virus production rates (0.59 × 105−4.55 × 105 VLP mL−1 h−1). From laboratory experiments, both warming and nutrient enrichment increased virus production (R2 > 0.651), decreased lysogeny (R2 > 0.743), and resulted in an increase of the viral lysis:bacterial production ratio, and a stronger viral control on bacterial production. Conclusions Although both seawater warming and nutrient enrichment increased virus production and reduced lysogeny, nutrient enrichment was a more important factor. Implications The increasing nutrient concentrations in these waters will increase virus production and virus top-down control of bacteria, and drive the ecosystem towards heterotrophy.
Comparison of supercontinuum spectral widths in CCl4-core PCF with square and circular lattices in the claddings
Authors: Thi Thuy Nguyen , Trong Duc Hoang , Van Lanh Chu
Published: March 2023

In this study, we demonstrate the ability to generate a broad supercontinuum (SC) spectrum with a low peak power of square (S-PCF) and circular (C-PCF) lattice photonic crystal fibers with hollow-core infiltrated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The dispersion and nonlinear characteristics have been numerically analyzed in detail and compared to select the optimal structures for SC generation and evaluate the SC generation efficiency for each PCF. With four optimal proposed structures, the all-normal dispersion of square PCF (#SF1) is found to be flatter and smaller. This results in its SC bandwidth reaching 901 nm at 1.095 μm pumping wavelength which is broader than that of circular PCF (#CF1) (768 nm at 0.98 μm wavelength) despite the lower nonlinear coefficient and higher confinement loss. For the anomalous dispersion regime, #CF2 fiber provides a wider SC spectrum (1753.1 nm) with a peak power of 10 kW compared to #SF2 (1689.6 nm) with a peak power of 13.75 kW thanks to the higher nonlinear coefficient and smaller confinement loss. With the higher nonlinearity of CCl4, the proposed fibers can be a new generation of optical fibers, suitable for low peak power all-fiber optical systems replacing glass core fibers.
Generation of a time–bin Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with an optical switch
Authors: Lo Hsin-Pin , Ikuta Takuya , Azuma Koji , Honjo Toshimori , Munro William J , Takesue Hiroki
Published: March 2023

Multipartite entanglement is a critical resource in quantum information processing that exhibits much richer phenomenon and stronger correlations than in bipartite systems. This advantage is also reflected in its multi-user applications. Although many demonstrations have used photonic polarization qubits, polarization-mode dispersion confines the transmission of photonic polarization qubits through an optical fiber. Consequently, time–bin qubits have a particularly important role to play in quantum communication systems. Here, we generate a three-photon time–bin Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state using a 2 × 2 optical switch as a time-dependent beam splitter to entangle time–bin Bell states from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source and a weak coherent pulse. To characterize the three-photon time–bin GHZ state, we performed measurement estimation, showed a violation of the Mermin inequality, and used quantum state tomography to fully reconstruct a density matrix, which shows a state fidelity exceeding 70%. We expect that our three-photon time–bin GHZ state can be used for long-distance multi-user quantum communication.
Unlocking the multi-electron transfer reaction in NASICON-type cathode materials
Authors: Liu Yuan , Rong Xiaohui , Xie Fei , Lu Yaxiang , Zhao Junmei , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong-Sheng
Published: March 2023

The growing concern about scarcity and large-scale applications of lithium resources has attracted efforts to realize cost-effective phosphate-based cathode materials for next-generation Na-ion batteries (NIBs). In previous work, a series of materials (such as Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7), Na3VCr(PO4)3, Na4VMn(PO4)3, Na3MnTi(PO4)3, Na3MnZr(PO4)3, etc) with ∼120 mAh g−1 specific capacity and high operating potential has been proposed. However, the mass ratio of the total transition metal in the above compounds is only ∼22 wt%, which means that one-electron transfer for each transition metal shows a limited capacity (the mass ratio of Fe is 35.4 wt% in LiFePO4). Therefore, a multi-electron transfer reaction is necessary to catch up to or go beyond the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4. This review summarizes the reported NASICON-type and other phosphate-based cathode materials. On the basis of the aforementioned experimental results, we pinpoint the multi-electron behavior of transition metals and shed light on designing rules for developing high-capacity cathodes in NIBs.