bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Pethidine and Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Combating Epigastric Pain During Mopping of Intraperitoneal Blood in Lower Uterine Caesarean Section Operation
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Akter Shamima , Bashar Muhammad Khairul , Bhuiyan Md Abdullah Tareq , Samad Evana , Kawsar Md Abu , Hossain Md Shahadat , Mohammad Taneem , Chakma Shuchana , Khan Hasnat Jahan
Published: February 2023

A randomized prospective single blind trial was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative and Intensive Care Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July 2021 and February 2022, to compare the effects of intravenous pethidine and nalbuphine hydrochloride combating epigastric pain and discomfort during mopping of intraperitoneal blood in lower uterine caesarean section (LUCS) operation. A total of 120 women participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n=60) received intravenous diluted (with normal saline) 20-25 mg of pethidine, while group B (n=60) received intravenous diluted 10-20 mg of nalbuphine hydrochloride. There were no differences observed in mean age, weight, height, and duration of operation between two groups (P>0.05). However, participants of group B reported less or no epigastric pain and discomfort during mopping of intraperitoneal blood than that of group A (P<0.05), i.e., episode and intensity of pain measured by using visual analogue scales indicated that nalbuphine hydrochloride has a longer duration of action than pethidine. Our study revealed that intravenous diluted nalbuphine hydrochloride works better than pethidine to minimize epigastric pain and discomfort during mopping of intraperitoneal blood in lower uterine caesarean section (LUCS) operation.  

CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 81-86
Ichthyodiversity of a small coastal river in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Makidul Islam , Nipa Tanjila Akter , Moshfeka Habiba , Barman Aparna , Islam Md Monirul
Published: February 2023

Small rivers are often ignored in terms of conservation actions and biodiversity management in Bangladesh. Despite having significant ecological and economic importance of these rivers, there is limited study done so far. To partially fulfill this gap, this study aimed to assess the fish and shellfish biodiversity of a small coastal river named Tiakhali from southern Bangladesh. A total of 26 finfish and 7 shellfish species were identified where 50% of finfish and all of the shellfish species were from the order Perciformes and Decapoda, respectively. Results showed that 76.9% of finfish and all of the shellfish species were categorized into the least concern category based on IUCN Red List. Estimated Shannon’s, Margalef’s, Buzas & Gibson’s and Simpson’s indices were 1.189, 2.649, 0.435 and 0.435 for fish and 1.662, 0.758, 0.224 and 0.224 for shellfish, respectively. This study showed that Tiakhali river’s fish biodiversity was comparatively smaller than big rivers. The findings of this study might serve as a baseline for future works and will help policymakers to pay attention to conserve such small rivers and their biodiversity in future.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 1- 10, 2023 (January)
Accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) as influenced by vermicompost and NPK fertilizers
Authors: Talukder Mahbub Hasan , Mazumdar Shawn , Rahman Md Khalilur
Published: February 2023

Soil fertility is one of the most promising factors that directly impact sustainable crop production. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in net house on capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) in the agricultural soil to study the effects of vermicompost (VC) and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on growth, yield and nutrient content in capsicum plants. The growth parameters and nutritional values were observed during the experiment under eleven treatments. The treatments variables are T1 (control, -VC & -NPK), T2 (VC 5 ton/ha), T3 (VC 10 ton/ha), T4 (VC 15 ton/ha), T5 (N60P35K60 kg/ha), T6 (VC 5 ton/ha +N48P28K48 kg/ha), T7 (VC 10 ton/ha + N48P28K48 kg/ha), T8 (VC 15 ton/ha + N48P28K48 kg/ha), T9 (VC 5 ton/ha + N36P21K36 kg/ ha), T10 (VC 10 ton/ha + N36P21K36 kg/ha), T11 (VC 15 ton/ha + N36P21K36 kg/ha) which were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. There were statistically significant differences in each treatment for growth and yield parameters. The highest plant height (45 cm), the highest number of leaves (44 no/plant), and the highest leaf area index (90 cm2) were found in the treatments T6, T5 and T9 respectively. The lowest values for all of the above parameters were found in the treatment T1 (control). Then the highest yield parameters fruit no/ plant (3), total fresh weight (39.60 g/plant), and total dry weight (2.38 g/plant) were observed under the treatment T11. The results of the growth and yield parameters varied significantly (p<0.05). The concentrations of total N, P, K and S in different parts were measured and varied significantly (p<0.05) in leaf, stem, root and seeds. Analysis of post-harvest soil also revealed that every physico-chemical property and nutritional value were changed significantly due to different treatments.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(1): 73-81, 2023 (January)
Ensimmäisen vuoden lukiolaiset rokotekielteisen verkkotekstin retoristen keinojen arvioijina
Authors: Mikkonen Teemu , Savolainen Reijo , Sormunen Eero
Published: February 2023

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan lukiolaisten arvioita verkkotekstissä käytetyistä retorisista keinoista. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan, millaisia retorisia keinoja opiskelijat ovat tunnistaneet rokotekielteisestä verkkotekstistä ja miten he ovat niitä kuvailleet. Lisäksi arvioidaan, millaisia eroja on retoristen keinojen tunnistamisessa verkkotekstistä vakuuttuneiden ja siihen kriittisesti suhtautuneiden opiskelijoiden välillä. Vuonna 2016 kerätyn tutkimusaineiston vastaajat olivat ensimmäisen vuoden lukiolaisia (n=200). Suurin osa opiskelijoista piti tekstiä uskottavana. Analyysissä opiskelijoiden tunnistamat retoriset keinot ryhmiteltiin klassisen retoriikan mukaisiin yläkategorioihin: logokseen, eetokseen ja paatokseen. Logokseen liittyviä retorisia keinoja tunnistettiin parhaiten; erityisesti tutkimustietoon ja esimerkkeihin vetoaminen tunnistettiin usein. Useimpien tekstistä vakuuttuneiden vastauksissa tutkimustietoon ja esimerkkeihin vetoamisen nähtiin lisäävän tekstin uskottavuutta. Tekstiin kriittisesti suhtautuvista opiskelijoista suurin osa tunnisti myös tunteisiin vetoamista, jonka nähtiin heikentävän tekstin uskottavuutta. Opiskelijat, jotka osasivat suhtautua tekstiin epäilevämmin, arvioivat analyyttisemmin tekstissä käytettyjä retorisia keinoja. Tutkimus osoittaa, että opiskelijan tunnistaessa verkkotekstistä erityyppisten retoristen keinojen käyttötapoja hän pystyy reflektoimaan paremmin tekstin sisältöä suhteessa kirjoittajan pyrkimyksiin. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että retoristen keinojen tunnistamisen ja arvioinnin opetukseen tulisi kiinnittää entistä enemmän huomiota lukio-opetuksessa ja tulevissa lukion opetussuunnitelmissakin.
Miten muuttaa käytäntöjä ihmisen ja luonnon kannalta kestäviksi? Ekososiaalinen sivistys käytäntöarkkitehtuuriteorian valossa
Authors: Heikkinen Hannu L. T. , Kiilakoski Tomi , Kaukko Mervi , Kemmis Stephen
Published: February 2023

Aikamme suurin haaste ei ole luotettavan tiedon puuttuminen vaan toimintatapojemme muuttaminen. Kasvatus ja koulutus ovat ratkaisevia, jotta käytäntöjämme voisi muuttaa sosiaalisesti ja ekologisesti kestävämmiksi maapallon ekosysteemien ollessa kriisissä. Tässä artikkelissa hahmotellaan käytäntöteoreettista näkökulmaa kestävän elämänmuodon edistämiseksi kasvatuksen ja sivistyksen avulla. Ratkaisuksi ongelmaan on ehdotettu ekososiaalisen sivistyksen lisäämistä. Perinteinen tulkinta sivistyksestä on kuitenkin ongelmallinen sen ollessa kognitiivisesti painottunutta, abstraktia ja ihmiskeskeistä. Ehdotamme sivistyksen tulkintaa, joka painottaa käytäntöjen ontologista ensisijaisuutta. Huomio kohdistuu tällöin erityisesti käytäntöjen ennakkoehtoihin, jotka estävät tai mahdollistavat käytäntöjen muuttamisen. Kutsumme näitä käytäntöarkkitehtuureiksi, jotka ovat sosiaalisten käytäntöjen järjestäytymismuotoja samanaikaisesti rajaten ja mahdollistaen arkisten toimintatapojen muuttamista. Muutoksen edellytyksenä on, että tiedostamme näiden käytäntöarkkitehtuurien luonteen ja niiden merkityksen käytäntöjen muuttamiselle kestävään suuntaan. Tämä tuo uusia haasteita myös kouluille.
Chemical-bromatological composition of elephant grass silage with increasing levels of acerola by-product
Authors: Magalhães João Avelar , Rodrigues Braz Henrique Nunes , Santos Francisco José de Seixas , Costa Newton de Lucena , Pompeu Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical-bromatological composition of elephant grass (EG) silages with the addition of acerola by-product (ABP). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments: Treatment 1 = 100% EG; Treatment 2 = 94% EG + 06% ABP; Treatment 3 = 88% EG + 12% ABP; Treatment 4 = 82% EG + 18% ABP and Treatment 5 = 76% EG + 24% ABP, with four replications (silos). EG and ABP were mixed at the time of ensiling. The silos were open at 42 days and samples were collect for chemical analysis. The addition of up to 24% of ABP in EG silage significantly (P<.05) increases the pH, dry matter (DM) and crude protein levels, thus providing fermentations within desirable standards. The estimated dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash and ethereal extract of EG silage was not influenced by ABP. Total digestible nutrients, total carbohydrates, hemicellulose and estimated DM digestibility decreased linearly. The high levels of NDF and acid detergent fiber of the ABP compromise the DM digestibility, reducing the nutritional value of the silages.
Soluções Irrigadoras em Endodontia: evidências e deficiências
Authors: Mesquita Karla Beatriz Nogueira de , Peixoto Antônia Nadiane da Silva , Gonçalves Luis Antônio Bezerra , Cunha Clarice Fernandes Eloy da Costa , Vivacqua Flávia Darius
Published: February 2023

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi revisar a literatura no tocante das soluções irrigadoras utilizadas nos procedimentos endodônticos, ao evidenciar as mais utilizadas e salientar as novas alternativas de agentes irrigantes. A metodologia destinou-se a executar uma revisão literária integrativa que foi desenvolvida em seis fases, sendo: a) desenvolvimento da questão de pesquisa; b) definição dos termos descritores e das plataformas de busca, c) definição dos critérios de elegibilidade utilizados; d) análise criteriosa dos estudos incluídos; e) definição das informações a serem extraídas dos artigos retirados das bases de dados; f) interpretação dos resultados e apresentação da síntese do conhecimento, no qual a questão norteadora foi elaborada mediante a estratégia PICo. Desta forma, foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas nos portais eletrônicos PubMed, BVS e Ebsco utilizando as palavras-chave: Endodontia; Clorexidina e Hipoclorito de Sódio, em que 22 artigos foram eleitos para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. O hipoclorito de sódio (NaOC1), o ácido etilenodiaminotetracético (EDTA) e a clorexidina (CHX) são as soluções irrigadoras mais efetivas e seguras, no qual o NaOCl e a CHX são as mais populares usadas. Destarte, é notório o quão importante é a aplicabilidade das soluções irrigadoras durante a terapia endodôntica. Pois, mediante a sua administração tem-se resposta positiva no controle dos agentes microbianos que encontram-se no canal radicular. A esterilização do sistema de canais radiculares não é possível e as substâncias e técnicas disponíveis ainda possuem pontos deficitários, devido a isso novas soluções irrigantes têm sido estudadas para somarem nas intervenções da endodontia.
Profissionais que exercem o cuidado nas instituições de acolhimento infantojuvenil: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Teixeira Kaiane Passos , Gabatz Ruth Irmgard Bartschi , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Vaz Ellen Costa , Klumb Milena Munsberg , Silva Lavínia Lopes da
Published: February 2023

Sabe-se que o cuidado influencia em diversos aspectos do desenvolvimento humano. Em geral, ele é exercido pelos pais, no entanto, em casos de institucionalização o acolhimento é realizado pelos profissionais cuidadores, que se tornam referência para as crianças e adolescentes ali assistidos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se conhecer o que tem sido publicado sobre os profissionais cuidadores e seu papel nas instituições de acolhimento infantojuvenil. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que reuniu 11 artigos publicados entre 2011-2021, para a busca utilizou-se os descritores cuidador e acolhimento nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol e as bases de dados Lilacs, Index de Psicologia e Sage Journals. A partir da análise estudos elencou-se três subtítulos: Vínculo afetivo como forma de cuidado à criança e ao adolescente institucionalizados; cotidiano do cuidado às crianças e aos adolescentes institucionalizados; e fragilidades vivenciadas no processo de cuidado das crianças e dos adolescentes institucionalizados. Concluiu-se que os cuidadores exercem um papel de extrema importância na vida de crianças e adolescentes, mas que se sentem inseguros e desemparados psicologicamente para desempenhar suas funções. Destaca-se a necessidade de aprofundamento nos estudos referente à temática, como forma de contribuir no desenvolvimento de capacitações e políticas públicas que amparem esse processo.
SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS- An Ovierview
Authors: BAYTOK Naz , SAKA Ongun Mehmet
Published: February 2023

Amaç: Kendiliğinden emülsifiye olan ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler (SEDDS), henüz tamamen aydınlatılmamış olan muazzam bir potansiyele sahiptir. Oral lipid uygulamasında suda çözünürlüğü düşük olan ilaç bileşiklerinin formülasyonunda kullanılabilirler ve bu bileşiklerle ilişkilendirilen birçok problemin üstesinden gelebilirler. SEDDS, küçük parçacık boyutuna, geniş yüzey alanına, yüksek kapsülleme etkinliğine ve yüksek ilaç yüküne atfedilebilen bağırsak emilim bölgesindeki ilaç çözünürlüğünü optimize ederek oral emilim oranını ve derecesini artırabilir. Ayrıca, lipit bazlı formülasyonu nedeniyle SEDDS, hepatik ilk geçiş metabolizmasını atlayarak ve dolayısıyla biyoyararlanımı artırarak farmasötik lenfatik taşınmayı hızlandırabilir ve artırabilir.

Sonuç ve Tartışma: Terapötik açıdan etkili olan yeni lipofilik hidrofobik moleküllerin miktarı, yenilikçi ilaç geliştirme yaklaşımları sayesinde istikrarlı bir şekilde artmıştır. Farmasötik araştırmaların geleceği, yalnızca yeni moleküllerin keşfedilmesinden değil, aynı zamanda halihazırda bilinenlerin daha iyi kullanılmasından da geçebilir. Bu bileşiklerin oral biyoyararlanımını artırma stratejilerinden hidrofobik ve lipofilik ilaç moleküllerinin oral biyoyararlanımını artırmada SEDDS kullanımının oldukça başarılı olduğu kanıtlanmıştır.
Quantification of Intra-Abdominal Fat During Controlled Weight Reduction: Assessment Using the Water-Suppressed Breath-Hold MRI Technique
Authors: Tintěra J , Harantová P , Suchánek P , Dvořáková A , Adamová M , Hájek M , Poledne R
Published: February 2023

A group of 14 healthy female subjects was studied using MRI during 2 months of life-style intervention. A series of 21 water-suppressed images was used to determine the intra-abdominal fat volume before and after the controlled loss of weight. The average weight decrease was 8.2 %, but the average relative loss of visceral fat was 20.3 %, whereas subcutaneous fat decreased by 13.4 %. A small but significant increase of insulin sensitivity (decrease in fasting insulin and blood glucose) was observed, but no changes in lipoprotein parameters were demonstrated. There was a significant negative correlation (r=–0.633, p=0.028) between the relative abdominal fat decrease and the initial amount of subcutaneous fat.
Linear Concrete Tension Stiffening Model for Reinforced Concrete Elements
Authors: Hernández-Gil Luisa María , Hernández-Montes Enrique
Published: February 2023

Linear expressions for tension stiffening of concrete are nowadays widely used in software packages of structural analysis. Nevertheless, more elaborated expressions of tension stiffening available in the literature have been used successfully in the past. The use of linear approximations is justified since the influence of the tension stiffening effect in the deformation of the structure is small but not negligible. In this sense, linear approximations are simpler and can be accurate enough. However, this linear approximation, in its present form, does not provide good results in terms of deformations at the element level. This paper proposes a linear expression of the tension stiffening supported by the experimental formulation used to predict the flexural behavior of concrete beams. A detailed example is presented.
Serviceability Limit States according to the new Eurocode 2 proposal: Description and justifications of the proposed changes
Authors: Pérez Alejandro , Bellod Juan Luis , Torres Lluis , Kanstad Terje
Published: February 2023

In this paper the main changes introduced into FprEN 1992-1-1:2022 with respect to the current version of EC2 (EN 1992-1-1:2004) with regard to cracking and deflection calculations areintroduced and justified. The changes introduced into the cracking formulation account for the variation of stresses in the tensioned zones for bending, the effect of the casting position and the influence of curvature on the increase of surface crack widths. The introduction of these effects, together with a reformulation of the effective area allow for a reduction of scatter in the model when compared to experimental data. For deflections, a simplified method is introduced which is fully consistent with the general method and allows practical application by providing correction factors to be applied to linear elastic calculations. From this method a formulation for the slenderness limits is deduced. This formulation is the basis for the table-based method to avoid deflection calculations. Finally coefficients are derived to translate the slenderness limits of beams to the slenderness limits of slabs supported on isolated columns and slabs supported on walls.
Recruitment of Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Into Randomised Clinical Trials: Testing the Design of the Technology Enhanced Community Health Nursing (Tech-N) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Trial
Authors: Trent Maria , Chung Shang-en , Gaydos Charlotte , Frick Kevin D. , Anders Jennifer , Huettner Steven , Rothman Richard , Butz Arlene
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) disproportionately affects adolescent and young adult (AYA) females and can negatively impact their short and long-term reproductive health. Few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have focussed on strategies to improve outpatient adherence, or to reduce reproductive morbidity in this population. This paper describes the research methods and preliminary effectiveness of recruitment, retention, and intervention strategies employed in a novel RCT designed to test a technology-enhanced community health nursing (TECH-N) intervention among urban AYA females with PID.

Methods: AYAs aged 13–25 years were recruited during acute PID visits in outpatient clinics and emergency departments to participate in this trial, approved by an International Review Board. Participants completed an audio-computerised self-interview, provided vaginal specimens, and were randomised to either standard treatment or intervention. Intervention participants received SMS messaging support for 30 days and a community health nurse interventionist performed a home visit with clinical assessment within 5 days of enrolment. All patients received a full course of medications and completed research visits at 14 days (adherence), 30 days, and 90 days with an outreach worker. Sexually transmitted infection testing was performed at the 30 and 90-day visits. Exploratory analyses using descriptive statistics were conducted to examine recruitment, retention, and follow-up data to test the overall design of the intervention.

Results: In the first 48 months, 63.3% of 463 patients were eligible for the study (293), 81.2% of the eligible patients were recruited for the study (N=238). Most participants were African American (95.6%) with a mean age of 18.6 (standard deviation: 2.3). Of those individuals assigned to the TECH-N intervention, 94% completed the nursing visits. All completed visits were within the 5-day window and over 90% of patients in both arms have been retained over the 3-month follow-up period. Biological data suggests a shift in the biological milieu with the predominance of Chlamydia trachomatis , Mycoplasma genitalium , and Trichomonas vaginalis infections.

Conclusions: Preliminary data from the TECH-N study demonstrated that urban, low-income, minority AYA females with PID can effectively be recruited and retained to participate in sexual and reproductive health RCTs with sufficient investment in the design and infrastructure of the study. Community-based sexual health interventions appear to be both feasible and acceptable in this population.
Aplikasi Tandatangan Digital dalam Proses Verifikasi dan Validasi Sertifikat Covid-19
Authors: Fatma Yulia , Fuad Evans , Soni - , Agusriadi -
Published: February 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan syarat berpergian ke luar kota, provinsi bahkan luar negeri harus memiliki surat bebas Covid-19. Untuk mencegah tindak pemalsuan, keaslian dan legalitas dari surat bebas Covid-19, digital signature merupakan salah satu teknik dari kriptografi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Digital signature merupakan cara otentikasi yang memungkinkan pengirim pesan mencantumkan sebuah kode yang bertindak sebagai tanda tangannya. Penggunaan digital signature dapat memastikan sebuah dokumen elektronik masih utuh dan asli sehingga dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara hukum. Digital signature dapat mencegah tindak pemalsuan surat bebas Covid-19. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan verifikasi dan validasi surat keterangan bebas Covid-19 dengan memanfaatkan digital signature dan teknologi QR Code berhasil dilakukan. SHA-1 digunakan untuk menghasilkan message digest terhadap surat keterangan hasil bebas covid-19. Algoritma RSA digunakan untuk enkripsi dan dekripsi pada message digest. Digital Signature berhasil diimplementasikan dalam bentuk QR Code yang berisikan identitas pasien, hasil tes, identitas dokter dan penerbit surat. Proses verifikasi dan validasi berhasil dilakukan. Verifikasi dan validasi terhadap digital signature menunjukkan hasil yang VALID yaitu message digest hasil dekripsi memiliki nilai yang sama dengan message digest asli.
Penjadwalan dan Pelaporan Menggunakan Dynamic Priority Scheduling dan Geolocation untuk Keamanan Lingkungan
Authors: Masyfa Faiz Hilmawan , Kartikasari Dany Primanita , Tibyani -
Published: February 2023

Angka kriminalitas di Indonesia yang meningkat menimbulkan inisiatif dari warga untuk meningkatkan keamanan lingkungan tempat tinggal melalui ronda. Penjadwalan yang masih manual menjadi salah satu permasalahan kegiatan ronda. Belum adanya portal pelaporan tindak kejahatan yang sudah terjadi maupun laporan daerah yang berpotensi tindak kejahatan juga menjadi permasalahan. Hal ini menimbulkan tidak adanya rekam jejak tindak kejahatan yang telah terjadi serta menimbulkan kerentanan keamanan lingkungan. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan sistem informasi penjadwalan ronda dan pelaporan keamanan lingkungan. Penjadwalan pada sistem ini dijalankan otomatis dengan mengimplementasikan algoritma dynamic priority scheduling serta dilengkapi reminder jadwal yang terintegrasi dengan telegram. Pelaporan yang berbasis lokasi dikembangkan menggunakan teknologi geolocation. Hasil pengujian sistem telah menunjukkan penjadwalan memiliki akurasi perbandingan sebesar 99% dan akurasi optimasi 97.04% yang dapat diraih dengan waktu eksekusi 24.72 detik pada data dengan persebaran yang cukup merata. Hal ini menujukkan penjadwalan yang otomatis memiliki ketepatan penjadwalan dan efisiensi waktu yang lebih baik dari penjadwalan manual. Sistem pelaporan mampu mengidentifikasi lokasi pengguna dengan toleransi akurasi 3 meter. Validasi akhir dengan SUS menunjukkan bahwa sistem sudah dapat diterima oleh pengguna. Metode yang diajukan berhasil membuat proses penjadwalan dan pelaporan menjadi lebih mudah dan dinamis.
Biologizing Gender: The canalized reproductive axis of gender, not sex.
Authors: Woodhill Bobbi , Samuels Curtis , Jamieson Graham
Published: February 2023

We present an understanding that the spectrum of gender identity is partially biological and variably canalized in cognitive-affective-social signalling moderated by the reproductive axis. This neuro-endocrine system underpins the development of salient male and female reproductive behaviours across mammalian species. We propose that, in humans, neurophysiological differences in the reproductive axis underpins the small number of stable and reliable psychological sex differences observed in behavioural and mental abilities. We further propose that the early core component for our inner sense of gender identity lies within the nexus of these differences in the reproductive axis. This interlinked axis is further influenced throughout life by various socio-environmental factors.
PREDIKSI HARGA CABAI MERAH MENGGUNAKAN SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION
Authors: Sepri Domi , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: February 2023

The aim of the research is to make a model to predict the national price of the red chili pepper using Support Vector Regression (SVR). Data used to make model are the price of red chili from January 2017 to December 2019. For finding the best parameter of the hyperplane, the research uses Grid Search Algorithm.  The best parameter of the hyperplane is C=1000, epsilon=5, and Gamma =1 . The result shows the MAPE for data training is 4.07% and the MAPE for data testing is 9.11%.
Influence of the physico-chemical bioink composition on the printability and cell biological properties in 3D-bioprinting of a liver tumor cell line
Authors: Fritschen Anna , Acedo Mestre Mariana , Scholpp Sebastian , Blaeser Andreas
Published: February 2023

The selection of a suitable matrix material is crucial for the development of functional, biomimetic tissue and organ models. When these tissue models are fabricated with 3D-bioprinting technology, the requirements do not only include the biological functionality and physico-chemical properties, but also the printability. In our work, we therefore present a detailed study of seven different bioinks with the focus on a functional liver carcinoma model. Agarose, gelatin, collagen and their blends were selected as materials based on their benefits for 3D cell culture and Drop-on-Demand (DoD) bioprinting. The formulations were characterized for their mechanical (G’ of 10–350 Pa) and rheological (viscosity 2–200 Pa*s) properties as well as albumin diffusivity (8–50 μm2/s). The cellular behavior was exemplarily shown for HepG2 cells by monitoring viability, proliferation and morphology over 14 days, while the printability on a microvalve DoD printer was evaluated by drop volume monitoring in flight (100–250 nl), camera imaging of the wetting behavior and microscopy of the effective drop diameter (700 µm and more). We did not observe negative effects on cell viability or proliferation, which is due to the very low shear stresses inside the nozzle (200–500 Pa). With our method, we could identify the strengths and weaknesses of each material, resulting in a material portfolio. By specifically selecting certain materials or blends, cell migration and possible interaction with other cells can be directed as indicated by the results of our cellular experiments.
CONVERGE Training Modules: A free online educational tool for hazards and disaster researchers and practitioners
Authors: Adams Rachel M. , Evans Candace M. , Peek Lori
Published: February 2023

The National Science Foundation-supported CONVERGE facility was established in 2018 as the first social science-led component of the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI). Headquartered at the Natural Hazards Center at the University of Colorado Boulder, CONVERGE identifies, trains, connects, and funds researchers across disciplines in the hazards and disaster field. This article provides an overview of one of our most widely used tools, the CONVERGE Training Modules. These free, interactive, online trainings are designed for students, early career professionals, and others who are new to hazards and disaster research and practice. Since July 2019, our team has released 10 modules that cover a range of foundational topics in hazards and disaster research, including Institutional Review Board procedures, conducting emotionally challenging research, cultural competence, collecting and sharing perishable data, social vulnerability, and disaster mental health. In addition, CONVERGE offers advanced trainings in specialized topics such as broader ethical considerations for hazards and disaster researchers, reciprocity, gender-based violence in fieldwork, and public health implications of hazards and disaster research. Between July 2019 and November 2022, 6,311 unique users registered for the modules, and these users logged 7,222 module completions. Of the module completions to date, the largest percentage of users completed only one (46.0%) of the available trainings, although a small group of “superusers”—whom we surveyed for this article—have completed all or almost all of the available modules. When asked why they planned to complete the modules at the time of registration, most users indicated that it was to fulfill a classroom or other educational requirement (51.2%), for personal interest/to learn more (9.0%), or to prepare for or to support research (7.1%) or practice-oriented activities (5.8%). In addition to providing more information regarding module users, this article details the development of the technology and discusses the impact and success of this tool for transferring knowledge and skills to the hazards and disaster research and practice community. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for this research-based educational intervention.
Chemically modified aptamers for improving binding affinity to the target proteins via enhanced non-covalent bonding
Authors: Chen Zefeng , Luo Hang , Gubu Amu , Yu Sifan , Zhang Huarui , Dai Hong , Zhang Yihao , Zhang Baoting , Ma Yuan , Lu Aiping , Zhang Ge
Published: February 2023

Nucleic acid aptamers are ssDNA or ssRNA fragments that specifically recognize targets. However, the pharmacodynamic properties of natural aptamers consisting of 4 naturally occurring nucleosides (A, G, C, T/U) are generally restricted for inferior binding affinity than the cognate antibodies. The development of high-affinity modification strategies has attracted extensive attention in aptamer applications. Chemically modified aptamers with stable three-dimensional shapes can tightly interact with the target proteins via enhanced non-covalent bonding, possibly resulting in hundreds of affinity enhancements. This review overviewed high-affinity modification strategies used in aptamers, including nucleobase modifications, fluorine modifications (2′-fluoro nucleic acid, 2′-fluoro arabino nucleic acid, 2′,2′-difluoro nucleic acid), structural alteration modifications (locked nucleic acid, unlocked nucleic acid), phosphate modifications (phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates), and extended alphabets. The review emphasized how these high-affinity modifications function in effect as the interactions with target proteins, thereby refining the pharmacodynamic properties of aptamers.
The versatile roles of ADAM8 in cancer cell migration, mechanics, and extracellular matrix remodeling
Authors: Mierke Claudia Tanja
Published: February 2023

The posttranslational proteolytic cleavage is a unique and irreversible process that governs the function and half-life of numerous proteins. Thereby the role of the family of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) plays a leading part. A member of this family, ADAM8, has gained attention in regulating disorders, such as neurogenerative diseases, immune function and cancer, by attenuating the function of proteins nearby the extracellular membrane leaflet. This process of “ectodomain shedding” can alter the turnover rate of a number of transmembrane proteins that function in cell adhesion and receptor signal transduction. In the past, the major focus of research about ADAMs have been on neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer, however, there seems to be evidence for a connection between ADAM8 and cancer. The role of ADAMs in the field of cancer research has gained recent attention, but it has been not yet been extensively addressed. Thus, this review article highlights the various roles of ADAM8 with particular emphasis on pathological conditions, such as cancer and malignant cancer progression. Here, the shedding function, direct and indirect matrix degradation, effects on cancer cell mobility and transmigration, and the interplay of ADAM8 with matrix-embedded neighboring cells are presented and discussed. Moreover, the most probable mechanical impact of ADAM8 on cancer cells and their matrix environment is addressed and debated. In summary, this review presents recent advances in substrates/ligands and functions of ADAM8 in its new role in cancer and its potential link to cell mechanical properties and discusses matrix mechanics modifying properties. A deeper comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms governing the expression, subcellular localization, and activity of ADAM8 is expected to reveal appropriate drug targets that will permit a more tailored and fine-tuned modification of its proteolytic activity in cancer development and metastasis.
Non-canonical autophagy in aging and age-related diseases
Authors: Kumar Anita V. , Mills Joslyn
Published: February 2023

Autophagy, one of the arms of proteostasis, influences aging and age-related diseases. Recently, the discovery of additional roles of autophagy-related proteins in non-canonical degradation and secretion has revealed alternative fates of autophagic cargo. Some of these non-canonical pathways have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and improving the understanding of this link is crucial for their potential targetability in aging and age-related diseases. This review discusses recent investigations of the involvement of non-canonical autophagy players and pathways in age-related diseases that are now beginning to be discovered. Unraveling these pathways and their relation to classical autophagy could unearth a fascinating new layer of proteostasis regulation during normal aging and in longevity.
Printed colorimetric chemosensor array on a 96-microwell paper substrate for metal ions in river water
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Lyu Xiaojun , Minami Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2023

Here, we propose a printed 96-well microtiter paper-based chemosensor array device (PCSAD) to simultaneously detect metal ions for river water assessment. Colorimetric chemosensors for metal ions have been designed based on molecular self-assembly using off-the-shelf catechol dyes and a phenylboronic acid (PBA) derivative. The colorimetric self-assembled chemosensors consisting of catechol dyes and a PBA derivative on a 96-well microtiter paper substrate demonstrated various color changes according to the disassembly of the ensembles by the addition of nine types of metal ions. An in-house-made algorithm was used to automate imaging analysis and extract color intensities at seven types of color channels from a captured digital image, allowing for rapid data processing. The obtained information-rich inset data showed fingerprint-like colorimetric responses and was applied to the qualitative and quantitative pattern recognition of metal ions using chemometric techniques. The feasibility of the 96-well microtiter PCSAD for environmental assessment has been revealed by the demonstration of a spike-and-recovery test against metal ions in a river water sample.
Differential impact of anemia in relation to sex in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Kanic Vojko , Kompara Gregor , Suran David
Published: February 2023

Background

Data on the possible sex-specific effects of anemia on clinical outcome in patients with myocardial infarction are extremely sparse, conflicting, and inconclusive. We investigated the possible sex-specific effects of anemia on outcome in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Data from 8,318 patients, who were divided into four groups: men and women with and without anemia on admission, were analyzed. The association between anemia and sex and 30-day and long-term mortality was assessed. The median follow-up time was 7 years (25th, 75th percentile: 4, 11).

Results

Non-anemic men had the lowest 30-day and long-term observed mortality (4.3, 18.7%), followed by non-anemic women (7.0, 25.3%; p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001). Anemic men and women had similar mortality rates (12.8, 46.2%) and (13.4, 45.6%; p = 0.70, p = 0.80), respectively. The anemia/sex groups were independently associated with 30-day and long-term mortality (p = 0.033 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Compared to non-anemic men, non-anemic and anemic women had a similar risk of death at 30 days, but anemic men had a 50% higher risk of death (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.83–1.52; p = 0.45, OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.94–1.79; p = 0.11, OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.13–1.98; p = 0.004, respectively). In the long term, anemic men had a 46% higher, non-anemic women 15% lower, and anemic women a similar long-term mortality risk to non-anemic men (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.31–1.63; p < 0.0001, HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.96; p = 0.011, and HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.93–1.21; p = 0.37, respectively).

Conclusion

Our result suggests that the influence of anemia in patients with MI is different in men and women, with anemia seemingly much more harmful in male than in female patients with MI.
Administration of macrolide antibiotics increases cardiovascular risk
Authors: Wu Yang , Bi Wen-Tao , Qu Li-Ping , Fan Jun , Kong Xiang-Jun , Ji Cheng-Cheng , Chen Xu-Miao , Yao Feng-Juan , Liu Li-Juan , Cheng Yun-Jiu , Wu Su-Hua
Published: February 2023

Background

The increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients prescribed macrolides has been subject to debate for decades.

Methods

Medline, EMBASE databases and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception until August 31, 2022 for studies investigating the link between macrolides and cardiovascular risk. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.

Results

A total of 80 studies involving 39,374,874 patients were included. No association was found between macrolides and all-cause death. However, compared with the non-macrolide group, macrolides were associated with a significantly increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death (VA or SCD) (azithromycin, relative ratio [RR]: 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19 to 1.97; clarithromycin, RR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.16). Besides, administration of macrolides was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death (azithromycin, RR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.27) and a slightly increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) (azithromycin, RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.15). Interestingly, no association was observed between roxithromycin and adverse cardiac outcomes. Increased risk of VA or SCD was observed for recent or current use of macrolides, MI for former use, and CVD death for current use.

Conclusion

Administration of macrolide antibiotics and timing of macrolide use are associated with increased risk for SCD or VTA and cardiovascular death, but not all-cause death.
The complex nature of heterogeneity and its roles in breast cancer biology and therapeutic responsiveness
Authors: Andrade de Oliveira Karla , Sengupta Surojeet , Yadav Anil Kumar , Clarke Robert
Published: February 2023

Heterogeneity is a complex feature of cells and tissues with many interacting components. Depending on the nature of the research context, interacting features of cellular, drug response, genetic, molecular, spatial, temporal, and vascular heterogeneity may be present. We describe the various forms of heterogeneity with examples of their interactions and how they play a role in affecting cellular phenotype and drug responses in breast cancer. While cellular heterogeneity may be the most widely described and invoked, many forms of heterogeneity are evident within the tumor microenvironment and affect responses to the endocrine and cytotoxic drugs widely used in standard clinical care. Drug response heterogeneity is a critical determinant of clinical response and curative potential and also is multifaceted when encountered. The interactive nature of some forms of heterogeneity is readily apparent. For example, the process of metastasis has the properties of both temporal and spatial heterogeneity within the host, whereas each individual metastatic deposit may exhibit cellular, genetic, molecular, and vascular heterogeneity. This review describes the many forms of heterogeneity, their integrated activities, and offers some insights into how heterogeneity may be understood and studied in the future.
Determination of neutron flux redistribution factors for a typical pressurized water reactor ex-core measurements using Monte Carlo technique
Authors: Goričanec Tanja , Kos Bor , Ambrožič Klemen , Trkov Andrej , Snoj Luka , Kromar Marjan
Published: February 2023

In a typical pressurized water reactor, neutron detectors located outside the reactor core monitor reactor power. In addition, they are also used to measure the reactivity of the control rods. A novel approach to calculate the ex-core neutron detector response in a typical pressurized water reactor using the Monte Carlo technique is presented. A detailed ex-core model of the Krško nuclear power plant was developed using the Monte Carlo neutron transport code MCNP. Due to the location of the ex-core neutron detectors, the hybrid code ADVANTG is used to generate variance reduction parameters to accelerte the convergence of the results outside the reactor core. To use ADVANTG, the fixed neutron source had to be reconstructed from the criticality core calculation. This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of the response of the ex-core detectors to the neutron data libraries used, the description of the fixed neutron source and the ADVANTG parameters. It was found that a pin-wise description of the neutron source for at least two rows of fuel assemblies at the core periphery is necessary for accurate results. Our results show the importance of a correct description of the prompt neutron spectra in the high energy region and the impact this has on the response of the ex-core detectors. The method in which the prompt neutron fission spectra for important fission nuclides are weighted by the calculated reaction rates has been shown to be the best approximation, with deviations from the reference calculation within statistical uncertainty. The effect of nuclear data libraries on the response of the ex-core detector was investigated, and the difference between the ENDF/B-VII.0 and the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data libraries was ∼11%. When the deficient evaluation of the 56Fe isotope included in the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data library was replaced by the improved evaluation from the IAEA INDEN project, the differences decreased to ∼3.7%. In addition, neutron flux redistributions due to control rod movement were investigated and flux redistribution factors were updated using Monte Carlo particle transport methods. The reaction rate redistribution factors obtained with methods presented in this paper are within 1% agreement with the currently used factors.
Biochar as a novel technology for treatment of onsite domestic wastewater: A critical review
Authors: Muoghalu Chimdi C. , Owusu Prosper Achaw , Lebu Sarah , Nakagiri Anne , Semiyaga Swaib , Iorhemen Oliver Terna , Manga Musa
Published: February 2023

Globally, about 2.7 billion people depend on onsite sanitation systems (OSS) (e.g., septic tanks) for their sanitation needs. Although onsite sanitation systems help in providing primary treatment for domestic wastewater, they don’t effectively remove nutrients, pathogens, and other inorganic contaminants. Previous studies have posited that the use of post treatment systems which incorporate biochar leads to improved contaminant removal efficiency. However, the mechanism through which contaminants are removed and factors potentially affecting the removal are still understudied. To fill this knowledge gaps, this review discusses factors which affect efficiency of biochar in removing contaminants found in onsite domestic wastewater, modifications applied to improve the efficiency of biochar in removing contaminants, mechanisms through which different contaminants are removed and constraints in the use of biochar for onsite wastewater treatment. It was noted that the removal of contaminants involves a combination of mechanisms which include adsorption, filtration, biodegradation, ion exchange, pore entrapment. The combination of these mechanisms is brought about by the synergy between the properties of biochar and microbes trapped in the biofilm on the surface of the biochar. Future areas of research such as the modification of biochar, use of biochar in the removal of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), application of wet carbonization methods and resistance of biochar to physical disintegration are also discussed. This study provides useful information that can be applied in the use of biochar for the treatment of wastewater and guide future design of treatment systems for optimized treatment performance.
The impact of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Xiaochun , Jiang Mei , Zhou Ying
Published: February 2023

Evaluating the impact of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity has great significance in promoting sustainable development. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2019, the level of the digital economy is estimated by using entropy weight and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) model. The panel vector auto-regressive (PVAR) model is used to analyze the impact of the digital economy on carbon emission intensity. The results show that, first, the comprehensive development level of the digital economy in China is not high, and it tends to rise slowly from 0.208 in 2013 to 0.221 in 2019. Second, the carbon emission intensity of China shows a downward trend from 0.720 in 2013 to 0.607 in 2019. There are significant differences in carbon emission intensity among different regions, and a decreasing trend is seen from the western region to the eastern region. Third, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the digital economy and carbon emission intensity. Fourth, the digital economy has a long-term negative effect on carbon emission intensity, but carbon emission intensity has no negative effect on the digital economy. According to the research conclusion, this study puts forward some suggestions.