Correctional orientation of aesthetic education of children preschool age with disabilities
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Druzhinina Lilia A. , Osipova Larisa B. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Tsilitsky Vitaly S. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Lapshina Lyubov M. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Vasilieva Victoria S. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Korobintseva Maria S. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The state policy in relation to children with disabilities (hereinafter referred to as children with disabilities) is aimed at updating the content of correctional and pedagogical assistance, one of the leading tasks of which is aesthetic development and upbringing. The specificity of the defect in children with disabilities is expressed in the difficulties of the formation of aesthetic culture and aesthetic perception of the world around them, which is one of the factors that negatively affect personality development, manifested in the inability to sociocultural adaptation and requires new approaches to solving this problem in the theory and practice of correctional pedagogy. Aim of the study: determination of the correctional orientation of aesthetic education of children with disabilities in the context of the basic component of aesthetics - the aesthetics of everyday life. Materials and methods. In the course of the study, the formation of knowledge about beauty, etiquette when receiving guests, eating meals was studied; the ability to evaluate serving and table behavior from the point of view of aesthetics; the ability to independently set the table, behave in accordance with the requirements of etiquette. The study involved 348 preschool children with visual impairments of varying severity (EG – 1, 116 people) and mental retardation (EG – 2, 122 people), with normal psychophysical development (EG – 3, 110 people). Results. As a result of the study, differences were established in the formation of the mechanism of aesthetic development in children of experimental EG-1 – CG (temp = -2.977; p≤0.003) EG-2 – CG (temp = -2.23; p≤0.027) in comparison with control group (CG). As a result, the features of the components of aesthetic development in children with mental retardation (PD) and children with visual impairments were revealed. So the worst formed is the cognitive component in children with CRD, 11%, in comparison with children with visual impairments (28%). The estimated component in children with visual impairments corresponds to 17% and 14% in children with CRD. The behavioral component is worse formed in children with visual impairments (14%); in children with mental retardation, the indicator of formation corresponds to 21%. Conclusions. The data obtained made it possible to prove the advisability of choosing the aesthetics of everyday life as the fundamental social competence necessary for the successful development of a child with disabilities and his entry into society. The peculiarities of the aesthetic development of children with mental retardation and visual impairment revealed in the course of the study became the leading factor for determining the corrective orientation of aesthetic education, which involves solving special (correctional) tasks in accordance with various components of the mechanism of aesthetic development of a child with disabilities (in the context of everyday aesthetics).