bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Dental Anxiety at Children of Different Ethnicities
Authors: Vlad Ramona , Monea Monica , Mircia Eleonora , Mihai Adriana
Published: October 2017

Objectives: The aim of our study is to identify the differences in how the dental act is perceived among children of different ethnic groups. For this purpose, we started from the hypothesis that the degree of child anxiety at the dentist can be influenced by the socio-economic status of the family of origin. Material and methods: A sample of 115 school children, including 40 Romanian children, 36 Hungarian children and 39 Roma children, aged between 8-9 years old, were interviewed. We have chosen these three ethnic groups to see if there are differences in the perception of the dental act. In terms of psychological method, the questionnaire, the semi-structured interview, and the demonstration were used. Results: The results showed that most children of the Romanian and Hungarian groups had been to the dentist, whereas only 48.71% of the Roma children had been there. The highest degree of anxiety is manifested by the Roma children. There are no significant differences in this study between the answers of Romanian children and Hungarian children regarding the degree of anxiety in the dental office. Conclusions: The study confirmed the hypothesis that the degree of child anxiety at the dentist is influenced by the socio-economic status of the family of origin. When the socio-economic level is low, parents do not go to the dental office for treatment or prevention and this behaviour is passed on to children.
The interplay between jurisdictional rules established in the EU legal instruments in the field of family law: testing functionality through simultaneous application with domestic law = L’interazione tra le regole di giurisdizione all’interno degli strumenti giuridici dell’UE nell’ambito del diritto di famiglia: la prova del funzionamento attraverso l’applicazione simultanea del diritto nazionale
Authors: Válková Lenka
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The following article aims at testing the interrelations between the rules on: jurisdiction in divorce and parental responsibility laid down in the Brussels IIa Regulation, maintenance laid down in the Maintenance Regulation, and property regime laid down in the Regulation on Matrimonial Property Regimes and on Property Consequences of Registered Partnerships, considering a number of potentially seised Member State courts and their interactions with domestic law. For the testing, the national legal system and case law of Slovakia and Czech Republic, which require hearing of a dispute in unique proceedings (with certain differences), has been selected in order to tackle problems connected with the simultaneous application of rules established by the EU regulations and domestic procedural rules.Keywords: Multiplicity of Regulations in Family Matters, Interplay between Jurisdictional Rules, Divorce, Parental Responsibility, Maintenance, Matrimonial Property Regimes, Czech and Slovak Legislation.Riassunto: Il presente contributo mira a verificare l’interazione tra le norme sulla competenza in materia di divorzio e responsabilità genitoriale stabilite dal Regolamento Bruxelles IIa, in materia di obbligazioni alimentari previste nel Regolamento sulle Obbligazioni Alimentari, e in materia di regimi patrimoniali previsti dai Regolamenti in Materia di Regimi Patrimoniali fra Coniugi e di Effetti Patrimoniali delle Unioni Registrate, prendendo in considerazione le Corti degli Stati Membri potenzialmente adite e la loro interazione con il diritto interno. Al fine di testare il funzionamento e affrontare i problema legati all’applicazione simultanea delle norme stabilite dal diritto dell’UE e delle norme procedurali nazionali, sono stati scelti i sistemi giuridici della Slovacchia e della Repubblica ceca, che richiedono, con alcune differenze, l’audizione di una controversia in un unico processo.Parole chiave: molteplicità dei regolamenti in diritto di familia, interazione tra le norme sulla competenza, divorzio, responsabilità genitoriale, obbligazioni alimentari, regime patrimoniale, legislazione ceca e slovacca.
Orden público internacional y prohibición de control de competencia judicial internacional: Asunto c-455/15 PPU, P y Q = Public policy rule and prohibition of review of jurisdiction of the court of origin: Case c 455/15 PPU, P v Q
Authors: Caamiña Domínguez Celia M.
Published: October 2017

Resumen: Este artículo trata sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 19 de noviembre de 2015, relativa al orden público internacional como motivo de denegación del reconocimiento de una resolución en materia de responsabilidad parental y a la prohibición de control de la competencia judicial internacional del tribunal del Estado miembro de origen, en el ámbito del Reglamento 2201/2003.Palabras clave: derecho de custodia, orden público internacional, forum non conveniens, sustracción internacional de menores.Abstract: This article deals with the Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 19 November 2015, related to the public policy rule as a ground of non-recognition of judgments in matters of parental responsibility and to the prohibition of review of jurisdiction of the court of origin in the field of Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003.Keywords: rights of custody, public policy rule, forum non conveniens, international child abduction.
Bienes sujetos a un procedimiento secundario de insolvencia. Comentario a la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, de 11 junio 2015, Nortel, c-649/13 = Debtor’s assets falling within the scope of the effects of the secondary proceedings. Judgment of the Court (first chamber) of 11 june 2015, Nortel, case c-649/13
Authors: Rodríguez Rodrigo Juliana
Published: October 2017

Resumen: En esta sentencia, el Tribunal de Justicia contesta a una cuestión prejudicial que plantea un órgano judicial francés en el marco de un procedimiento secundario de insolvencia. El tribunal remitente quiere saber qué órgano jurisdiccional es competente para determinar los bienes sujetos al procedimiento secundario –si el juez del procedimiento principal o el del secundario– y qué ley debe aplicar el tribunal competente para establecer cuáles son esos bienes –si la ley del procedimiento principal o la ley del procedimiento secundario–.Palabras clave: insolvencia, procedimiento secundario de insolvencia, bienes del deudor.Abstract: In that judgment, the Court answers a question referred by a French court in the context of secondary insolvency proceedings. The referring court wishes to know which court is competent to determine the assets subject to the secondary proceedings – if the judge in the main proceedings or the secondary court – and which law should be applied by the competent court to establish what those assets are – if the law of main procedure or the law of the secondary procedure.Keywords: insolvency, secondary insolvency proceedings, debtor’s assets.
Proceso monitorio europeo: la revisión de un requerimiento de pago ejecutivo no procede cuando se basa en circunstancias que el demandado pudo haber tenido en cuenta para presentar un escrito de oposición = European order for payment procedure: review of an enforceable order for payment is not admissible when based on grounds that the defendant might have taken into account in order to lodge a statement of opposition
Authors: Vallines García Enrique
Published: October 2017

Resumen: La STJUE de 22 de octubre de 2015 declara que, en el marco de un proceso monitorio europeo, el demandado que, con base en la existencia de un pacto de sumisión expresa, desea impugnar la competencia del tribunal tiene la carga de presentar un escrito de oposición del art. 16 del Reglamento 1896/2006; y, si no lo presenta, una vez que el requerimiento de pago se haya hecho ejecutivo, no podrá hacer valer esa misma alegación como motivo de una solicitud de revisión del art. 20.2 del mismo Reglamento. De esta interpretación, cabe concluir que la falta de presentación del escrito de oposición tiene graves consecuencias preclusivas para quien ha sido demandado en un proceso monitorio europeo.Palabras clave: proceso monitorio europeo, oposición, revisión.Abstract: ECJ Judgment of 22 October 2015 rules that, in the context of a European order for payment procedure, a defendant willing to contest jurisdiction on grounds of an agreement conferring jurisdiction to another Member State shall lodge a statement of opposition under article 16 of Regulation 1896/2006; and, if he or she fails to do so, once the European order for payment has become enforceable, no review of the order will be granted on the very same grounds under article 20.2 of Regulation 1896/2006. This interpretation may lead to the conclusion that failure to lodge a statement of opposition shall have devastating preclusive consequences for a defendant within a European order for payment procedure.Keywords: European order for payment, opposition, review
CONTROLE LITOESTRUTURAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE VALES NA ÁREA DO REBORDO DA BACIA DO PARANÁ NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA, SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: De Sordi Michael Vinicius , Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Paisani Julio Cesar , Pagotto Dayanne
Published: October 2017

Este artigo investiga a evolução de vales em zona morfoclimática subtropical úmida, no rebordo da Bacia do Paraná no estado de Santa de Catarina através de: i) descrições e observações de campo a respeito da morfologia dos vales; ii) medição de direção de fraturas em afloramentos e iii) levantamento de informações sobre extensão, orientação, elevação média dos vales em produtos de sensoriamento remoto (imagens Landsat e dados SRTM). Os resultados obtidos indicam que na área do rebordo da Bacia do Paraná em Santa Catarina a dissecação é comandada pela rede de drenagem a partir dos afluentes dos rios: i) Canoas e Peixe (afluentes do rio Uruguai), a sudoeste e ii) Itajaí-Açú, a leste. A rede de drenagem se caracteriza por exibir dois tipos de vales mais frequentementes: i) vales em ‘V’ profundos, sem planície de inundação, onde geralmente os rios correm diretamente sobre as rochas e; ii) vales de fundo chato, planos e com amplas áreas inundáveis (vales muito abertos). Na área estudada a morfologia dos vales é resultado das características estruturais das rochas, principalmente atitude/fraturamento e falhamento. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho demonstra ser importante considerar a lito-estrutura como fator controlador da morfologia de vales para melhor compreender a morfogênese e morfodinâmica das áreas de rebordo de bacia sedimentar, sobretudo sob clima subtropical úmido.
PROPOSTA DE UNIDADES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS COMO SUPORTE AO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO E ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Souza Leonardo Andrade de , Sobreira Frederico Garcia
Published: October 2017

Os aspectos geológicos, geomorfológicos e hídricos sempre condicionaram de alguma forma a ocupação do ambiente. A apropriação do espaço pela sociedade evidencia a importância do relevo, ora favorável à ocupação, ora apresentando feições e processos que desencorajam a expansão da ocupação. O relevo tem um caráter restritivo configurando diferentes aptidões a determinados tipos de ocupação. Entretanto, embora o Brasil com o seu relevo tropical se caracterize por uma multiplicidade de feições singulares, poucos são os estudos visando o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e metodologias semiautomáticas que possam ser aplicadas diretamente em estudos visando a determinação da aptidão à urbanização dos terrenos. Nesse sentido, o que se propõem neste trabalho é uma abordagem que envolva a aplicação de diferentes metodologias para compartimentação topográfica da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Carmo (BHRC), sem desconsiderar as especificidades locais e com posterior proposição de classes para a separação de domínios morfológicos. Inicialmente a análise geomorfológica foi realizada pelo método heurístico contribuindo para uma primeira leitura da BHRC, bem como a separação dos domínios principais. Para uma representação mais detalhada e um melhor entendimento da morfologia da bacia elaborou-se uma segunda análise da compartimentação do relevo, complementar à primeira, baseada nas métricas da superfície. Os parâmetros morfométricos derivados utilizados nessa análise foram altimetria, declividade e curvatura. A terceira e última etapa para a compartimentação topográfica foi resultante da interpretação dos resultados alcançados nas compartimentações obtidas com os métodos heurístico e de composição colorida, principalmente em relação às frequências de amplitude e declividade por unidade morfológica, o que culminou na classificação de nove unidades morfológicas que foram utilizadas para apontar, em um primeiro momento, os terrenos com maior ou menor aptidão à urbanização de forma a contribuir para futuros planejamentos envolvendo a expansão urbana dos municípios de Ouro Preto e Mariana ao longo da bacia. A proposição metodológica proposta para a BHRC foi construída para que possa ser aplicada e/ou adaptada em qualquer outro município, bacia hidrográfica, e/ou unidade administrativa, já que as amplitudes classificadas refletem as variações locais de altimetria.
Biological control of saw toothed beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis(L.)Using fungi Lecanicillium lecanii(Zimm.)
Authors: Mahmood Emad Ahmed , Tawfeeq Maha Rasheed
Published: October 2017

This study is conducted to determine the effect of pathogenicity of the fungus Lecanicillium lecanii in some aspects of life of the insect saw toothed beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) under laboratory conditions with three concentrations of spores and mildew commentator (1 × 103, 1 × 105, 1 × 107) spore / ml , on eggs and larvae second phase of the insect .The study also includs the effect of the fungus concentrations of germination on rice (jasmine) by using direct spray treatment. The results show great fungus efficiency in the control of some aspects of life of the insect, where varied efficiency depends on the concentration of spores, The highest percentage loss of eggs is 63.33% at a concentration of 1 × 107 spore / m followed by aconcentration of 1 × 105 spore / ml in which the loss is 60 % , while the 50% was at a concentration of 1 × 103 spore / ml, which them decreased to 3.33% at the control treatment .The highest rate of destruction of the larvae of the second phase was 60% at a concentration of 1 × 103 spore / ml , and decreased to 56.66% and 46.66% at concentrations 1 × 107 and 1 × 105 spore / ml respectively. In addition there were no significant differences in germination rates for grain treatment direct spray concentrations of innate commentator.
Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine by ZnO photocatalyst under visible light irradiation
Authors: Al- Taie Ali , Dah Hiba Majeed
Published: October 2017

In this work, the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine (IC) using zinc oxide suspension was studied. The effect of influential parameters such as initial indigo carmine concentration and catalyst loading were studied with the effect of Vis irradiation in the presence of reused ZnO was also investigated. The increased in initial dye concentration decreased the photodegradation and the increased catalyst loading increased the degradation percentage and the reused-ZnO exhibits lower photocatalytic activity than the ZnO catalyst. It has been found that the photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction in presence of zinc oxide. This was found from plotting the relationship between ln (C0/Ct) and irradiation the rate constant of the process.UV- spectrophotometer was used to study the indigo carmine photodegradation.
Switchgrass Cultivar, Yield, and Nutrient Removal Responses to Harvest Timing
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Allen F. L. , Bacon J. L. , Sams C. E. , Hart W. E. , Grant J. F. , Moore P. A. , Pote D. H.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Phosphorus and K are assumedly remobilized in switchgrass post‐senescence.

Yields peaked early November, but P and K removal did not vary across harvests.

Nutrient removal was lesser for upland compared to lowland cultivars.

Switchgrass can be harvested as early as mid‐September without removing greater amounts of P and K.

Finite nutrients, such as P and K are assumedly remobilized post‐senescence in herbaceous feedstocks like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a function of environmental signaling and genotype. Harvesting early during the maturation phase may result in yield reductions and higher nutrient removal in biomass depending on ecotype. Therefore, it is necessary to target harvest dates that optimize yield while minimizing nutrient removal per cultivar. Consequently, objectives were to compare yields from 2010–2011 on eight widely used and experimental upland and lowland genotype (whole plot) at two locations in Tennessee, to determine: (i) which harvest timing (split‐plot) provides maximum yield; (ii) effects of harvest timing (mid‐September, October, November, and late October) on overall total P and K removal; and, (iii) how results are affected by cultivar. Among all post‐senescence harvests, yields peaked early November (13.2 Mg ha−1), which was greater than all other harvests (P < 0.05), with mid‐October and late October not differing from one another. Because yields peaked in early November, P and K removal did not vary across harvest dates (despite both P and K concentrations declining mid‐October). Lowland cultivars yielded 3.9 Mg ha−1 more biomass annually than upland entries, suggesting lowland cultivars are better suited to environments in the Southeast. Due to lower yields, P and K removals were lower for upland (Blackwell and C62), compared with lowland cultivars. Consequently, switchgrass can be harvested as early as mid‐September without removing greater amounts of P and K, although variations within upland and lowland cultivars will likely occur.
More Recent Wheat Cultivars Extract More Water from Greater Soil Profile Depths to Increase Yield in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Thapa Sushil , Xue Qingwu , Jessup Kirk E. , Rudd Jackie C. , Liu Shuyu , Pradhan Gautam P. , Devkota Ravindra N. , Baker Jason
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

We investigated the depth and amount of soil‐water extraction in TAM wheat cultivars.

Yield was largely related to soil‐water extraction under dryland conditions.

Relatively newer cultivars were able to extract more water from deeper soil profile.

Drought is the most important factor limiting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in the U.S. southern High Plains (SHP). Adoption of suitable cultivars and crop management practices are crucial to reducing yield loss from drought in the area. We conducted a 5‐yr study to investigate the depth and amount of net soil water extraction (SWE) in four wheat cultivars at different growth stages. Plants were grown under dryland conditions and volumetric soil water content (SWC) was measured in 0.2‐m increments to the depth of 2.4 m at planting, jointing, anthesis, and maturity. There were large variations in grain yields (474–3685 kg ha−1) in dryland wheat across years and cultivars. Yield was largely determined by plant available soil water (PASW) at planting and seasonal precipitation. In a season with high yield (3548 kg ha−1 in 2016), net SWE occurred in the whole 0.0‐ to 2.4‐m profile. In contrast, in a season with very low yield (650 kg ha−1 in 2011), net SWE was limited to the upper 1.2 m. More recent cultivars (TAM 110, TAM 111, and TAM 112) were able to extract more water from deeper in the soil profile (particularly between jointing and maturity), and had higher evapotranspiration (ET), biomass, and yield than the legacy wheat cultivar (TAM 105), especially during the dry seasons of 2011 and 2012. This study demonstrated that effective use of soil water from greater soil depths is important for greater ET and yield under dryland conditions in a semiarid environment.
Biosolid type and soil texture determine ideal application rate and timing for winter wheat
Authors: Bamber Kevin W. , Evanylo Gregory K. , Thomason Wade E.
Published: October 2017

The data presented in this article are those from the second year of a two‐year biosolids‐wheat study conducted in the Virginia Coastal Plain. Researchers identified soil types to which biosolids could safely be applied at full agronomic N rates in the fall for wheat without incurring nitrogen leaching problems. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/517.
A Dataset for Three‐Dimensional Distribution of 39 Elements Including Plant Nutrients and Other Metals and Metalloids in the Soils of a Forested Headwater Catchment
Authors: Wu B. , Wiekenkamp I. , Sun Y. , Fisher A. S. , Clough R. , Gottselig N. , Bogena H. , Pütz T. , Brüggemann N. , Vereecken H. , Bol R.
Published: October 2017

Quantification and evaluation of elemental distribution in forested ecosystems are key requirements to understand element fluxes and their relationship with hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the system. However, datasets supporting such a study on the catchment scale are still limited. Here we provide a dataset comprising spatially highly resolved distributions of 39 elements in soil profiles of a small forested headwater catchment in western Germany (http://teodoor.icg.kfa‐juelich.de/ibg3searchportal2/dispatch?searchparams=freetext‐Wuestebach&metadata.detail.view.id=7d37ae00‐20f6‐408e‐8660‐33bfba07c869) to gain a holistic picture of the state and fluxes of elements in the catchment. The elements include both plant nutrients and other metals and metalloids that were predominately derived from lithospheric or anthropogenic inputs, thereby allowing us to not only capture the nutrient status of the catchment but to also estimate the functional development of the ecosystem. Soil samples were collected at high lateral resolution (≤60 m), and element concentrations were determined vertically for four soil horizons (L/Of, Oh, A, B). From this, a three‐dimensional view of the distribution of these elements could be established with high spatial resolution on the catchment scale in a temperate natural forested ecosystem. The dataset can be combined with other datasets and studies of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) Data Discovery Portal (http://teodoor.icg.kfa‐juelich.de/ibg3searchportal2/index.jsp) to reveal elemental fluxes, establish relations between elements and other soil properties, and/or as input for modeling elemental cycling in temperate forested ecosystems.

Core Ideas

A dataset of elemental concentrations for four soil horizons of a forested catchment

Highly linked with a previous dataset on lateral and vertical distribution of nutrients

The dataset can be used to explore biogeochemical elements and their fluxes in natural soil systems
Estimating Soil Moisture Patterns with Remote Sensing and Terrain Data at the Small Catchment Scale
Authors: Schröter Ingmar , Paasche Hendrik , Doktor Daniel , Xu Xingmei , Dietrich Peter , Wollschläger Ute
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

The FCM SEA was used for sampling and spatial estimation of soil moisture patterns.

Multispectral remote sensing and terrain data were combined to guide the sampling and estimation.

Selected vegetation patterns and terrain data provided reasonable estimates of soil moisture.

The FCM SEA was stable to explain about 50% of the total observed variance.

The FCM SEA was superior to an approach driven solely by terrain data.

Detailed information on the temporal and spatial evolution of soil moisture patterns is of fundamental importance to improve runoff prediction, optimize irrigation management and to enhance crop forecasting. However, obtaining representative soil moisture measurements at the catchment scale is challenging because of the dynamic spatial and temporal behavior of soil moisture. High‐resolution remote sensing data provide detailed spatial information about catchment characteristics (e.g., terrain and land use) that can be used as proxies to estimate soil moisture. We assessed the potential use of combined multitemporal multispectral remote sensing (RS) and terrain data for estimating spatial soil moisture patterns at the small catchment scale. The fuzzy c‐means sampling and estimation approach (FCM SEA) was applied to conduct a sensor (proxy) directed (guided) sampling and to reconstruct multitemporal soil moisture patterns based on time domain reflectometry measurements. A comprehensive soil moisture database for the Schäfertal catchment, located in central Germany, was used to test, validate, and compare the FCM SEA performances of the combined remote sensing data with those of a benchmark approach driven solely by terrain data. Results from the study show that a FCM SEA model that integrates bi‐temporal RS imagery and terrain data was more effective in estimating spatial soil moisture patterns relative to the benchmark model. It outperformed the benchmark model in 58% of the cases and was stable to explain about 50% of the total observed variance for a range of different catchment moisture conditions. This was achieved with only a small sample size (n = 30). The results of this study are promising because they highlight the importance of considering multitemporal RS and terrain data and demonstrate how in situ sensors can be optimally placed to enable cost‐efficient monitoring and prediction of spatial soil moisture patterns at the small catchment scale.
Soil Electrical Resistivity for Spatial Sampling Design, Prediction, and Uncertainty Modeling of Soil Moisture
Authors: Calamita G. , Perrone A. , Brocca L. , Straface S.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Accurate estimation of the linear model of co‐regionalization (LMC) requires dense sampling.

Once the LMC is known, an approach to design a sampling strategy can be set up.

Soil electrical resistivity can improve moisture prediction accuracy via co‐kriging

A methodology to assess different prediction uncertainty models was tested.

Soil electrical resistivity reduces moisture uncertainty via co‐kriging simulation.

Geophysics constitutes a possible approach to estimate soil moisture with cost‐competitive and minimally invasive measurements carrying information about various soil physical properties. In this study, a geostatistical‐based methodology for the integration of easily obtainable shallow soil electrical resistivity with soil moisture measurements was developed. Simultaneous and co‐located surface measurements of soil moisture and electrical resistivity were performed during two field surveys in a test site located in central Italy. After an accurate characterization of the spatial auto‐ and cross‐semivariance of soil moisture and electrical resistivity, an approach to design a soil moisture sampling strategy was set up. Soil moisture point predictions and uncertainties were estimated by ordinary co‐kriging (OCK) interpolation and co‐kriging simulation (CS), respectively. Results showed that at least 17 spatially regular soil moisture samples integrated with relatively denser soil electrical resistivity data via OCK are necessary to obtain a sufficiently accurate (RMSE ≤ 0.05) reconstruction of the average soil moisture at the test field. A comparison with the ordinary kriging interpolator, which takes into account only soil moisture samples, showed an improvement for OCK point prediction accuracy (RMSE from 0.049 to 0.039 and explained variance from 27 to 50%). The spatial uncertainty modeling empirically confirmed that geostatistical simulations furnish spatial uncertainty patterns more realistic and less dependent on the sampling scheme than interpolation approaches. Compared with sequential Gaussian simulations, which take into account only soil moisture data, the CS provided a model of local uncertainty with narrower probability intervals and lower prediction uncertainty.
Effects of Root Distribution and Root Water Compensation on Simulated Water Use in Maize Influenced by Shallow Groundwater
Authors: Soylu Mehmet Evren , Loheide Steven P. , Kucharik Christopher J.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Groundwater, root distribution, and compensation impact transpiration and NPP.

Maize is less reliant on the compensated root water uptake mechanism as roots extend deeper.

The impact of drought on corn lessens as roots become deeper.

Maize increase its carbon fixation during dry years due to the compensated root water uptake.

Shallow‐rooted corn benefits more from groundwater subsidy than deeper rooted corn.

We investigated the potential impacts of shallow groundwater, root length density (RLD) distribution, and root water compensation on transpiration and net primary productivity (NPP). An agroecosystem model (AgroIBIS‐VSF) that is capable of simulating variably saturated water flow was driven with hourly weather observations in southern Wisconsin over 27 yr for various RLD distributions across a continuum of groundwater depth. The results indicated that the strength of the relationship between groundwater depth and water use in the critical water table depth zone is controlled by the root structure and root water uptake (RWU) strategy. In this zone, transpiration is progressively more sensitive to the groundwater level as roots become shallower. The impact of drought on corn (Zea maysL.) lessens and corn becomes less reliant on compensated RWU capabilities as roots extend deeper. Simulations indicated that the use of the compensated RWU approach results in NPP increases of 38.1 (3.81%), 30.8 (2.74%), and 6.4 (0.55%) g C m−2yr−1during the driest years (i.e., when growing season precipitation is below the 30th percentile of the long‐term observations) for shallow, intermediate, and deep RLDs, respectively. Moreover, shallow groundwater supported RWU, and corn with a shallow RLD benefited the most from shallow groundwater, with an increase in annual transpiration of 230 mm. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating compensatory RWU and selecting an appropriate and representative RLD for contrasting vegetation types in ecosystem models to simulate a more realistic plant response to variable climate and groundwater depth conditions.
Soil Variability and Biogeochemical Fluxes: Toward a Better Understanding of Soil Processes at the Land Surface
Authors: Martinez G. , Brocca L. , Gerke H.H. , Pachepsky Y.A.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Pattern recognition techniques can help explain biogeochemical flux variability.

Dynamic factors and their impact on biogeochemical flux variability need better identification.

Controls on biogeochemical fluxes are time and space scale dependent.

Soil biogeochemical fluxes in the vadose zone are characterized by a large degree of variability in space and time. This fact leads to the need for the development and application of appropriate methodologies to better understand the high nonlinearity and complex feedback mechanisms responsible for such fluxes. In this sense, there still exists a lack of knowledge in topics such as the scale dependence of the spatial and temporal variability of the controls on soil moisture and biodegradation rates and the dynamic behavior of flow and transport model parameter, and its association with the presence of roots. Knowledge of the variability of biogeochemical fluxes is needed for assorted applications ranging from natural hazards and environmental pollution risk assessment to agricultural production and water resources management. The contributions to this special section epitomize the ongoing effort toward the characterization, quantification, modeling, and understanding of biogeochemical fluxes in the vadose zone at several spatial and temporal scales. The main progress has been the identification of different controls on soil moisture and biodegradation rates depending on the scale of the study as well as the important dependence of the spatial and temporal variability of biogeochemical fluxes on dynamic properties such as vegetation and weather variables.
Aplicación de la Gestión de Conocimiento al proceso de pruebas de software
Authors: Soto Durán Dario Enrique , Reyes Gamboa Adriana Xiomara , Jiménez Builes Jovani
Published: October 2017

La gestión del conocimiento tiene como propósito aprovechar el conocimiento para generar valor a nivel organizacional, soportado en procesos, herramientas y actividades para lograr el propósito. En este contexto, las pruebas son un proceso relevante y contribuye en gran medida al aseguramiento de la calidad del producto. A nivel académico y empresarial, existen varias iniciativas para articular la gestión del conocimiento a las pruebas de software, teniendo como problemática común, la falta de reutilización del conocimiento que se deriva en múltiples factores, como: las barreras para compartir el conocimiento, la alta rotación de personal, modelos de gestión de conocimiento con enfoque corporativo y compleja implementación entre otros. En consecuencia, se propone un modelo de implementación para gestionar el conocimiento en los proyectos de pruebas de software, desarrollado por seis procesos: Definición de objetivos, Identificación, incorporación, preservación, distribución y utilización, basado en artefactos con el propósito de mejorar las pruebas de software.
Niveles de presión sonora en una empresa de maquinaría pesada: estrategias administrativas y técnicas para su disminución
Authors: Vega Gómez Nancy , Bedoya marrugo Elías A. , Sierra Calderón Darío D. , Severiche-Sierra Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2017

Se diseñaron estrategias administrativas y técnicas para disminuir la exposición a niveles de presión sonora en una empresa de remolcadores. Realizándose visitas de campo y entrevistas, medición de niveles de presión sonora con sonómetro y dosímetros, formulación de estrategias administrativas y técnicas para control de exposición. Se detectaron niveles de presión sonora en área operativa que oscilan entre 101.4 decibeles a 104,4 decibeles, proyectado a 8 horas. Se determinaron los niveles de presión sonora a los que se encuentran expuestos 6 operadores de los cuartos de máquinas, a través de una sonometría y seis dosimetrías, estableciendo que el espectro del ruido existente en el cuarto de máquinas representa una exposición alta, superando los valores límites permisibles. A partir de estos resultados, se plantearon estrategias de mejora para la empresa y trabajadores, por medio de programas de capacitación y asesoramiento para la asignación de elementos de protección personal con índices de atenuación pertinentes al tipo y nivel de ruido existente en el área de trabajo y de un manual.
Finding land cover change impacts on low flow regimes
Authors: Chandramouli Chandramouli V. , Buddaraju Sivakumar , Kaoukis Nicholas
Published: October 2017

Climate changes, as well as land cover changes, affect the flow regimes in streams. Understanding the contributions of climate variables and land cover changes on low flows will help planners and decision makers to improve water resources management. An approach which uses data driven artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed in this study. Land cover, rainfall, snow and temperature were used as inputs to the ANN model. In this approach, an index called relative strength effect was used to assess the contribution of each input used in ANN. The proposed approach was experimented in three contrasting watersheds in northwest Indiana, USA. The study indicates that the changes in low flow regime for a less urbanized watershed were explained by land cover changes up to 30% while the remaining 70% variations were explained by meteorological inputs. In the watershed with a more developed area, the low flow variations were influenced up to 80% by meteorological inputs.
Growth, development and productivity of Jerusalem artichoke depending on plant stand in the conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Authors: Zhangabaeva Aigul Sarsenbaevna
Published: October 2017

The article presents the results of studying the influence of various schemes of planting seed tubers of Jerusalem artichoke on the rate of plant growth and development in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Differences in the rate of growth and development of plants are revealed, depending on the varietal features of Jerusalem artichoke and the density of their standing. The most optimal scheme for planting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke is 70x40 cm.
My view of mathematics and physics (integration of mathematics into physics)
Authors: Safronov Stanislav Vladimirovich
Published: October 2017

This paper explores a new view of modern physics. New material is added to the modern mathematical physics. Filling a gap in physics theory and physical laws already in existence is the purpose of the article. The paper is devoted to contemporary issues. The work contains first development of formulas: gravitational pulse formula, vibration in pendulum formula, photon formula, three field energy density in atom formula, neutrino energy formula, equal energy of two kinds conversion formula and ray of light energy formula. The author introduces the conversion sign for scientific use in this article. The practical importance of the work involves innovative technology development.
Experience of use of medicamental interruption of non-stabilating pregnancy
Authors: Kiseleva Elena Yuryevna , Bazina Marina Ivanovna , Egorova Antonina Timofeevna , Zharskaya Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: October 2017

This article summarizes the advantages of drug abortion in special clinical situations. The analysis of own experience of medicamentous termination of an undeveloped pregnancy is presented on materials KGBUS KMKB №4 of Krasnoyarsk. The paper explores the structure of complications and methods of their treatment. The prospects of modern safe technologies for the completion of pregnancy are justified.
Pedagogical reflection as a tool for productive change in the quality of design education
Authors: Klimova Galina Pavlovna , Klimov Viktor Petrovich
Published: October 2017

This paper explores the productive opportunities of instructional design intended to solving problems of vocational teaching reflection of educational process subjects in design.
Aesthetic measure as the projective form of the education aesthetic taste of the designer
Authors: Klimova Galina Pavlovna , Kalaikova Yulia Vladimirovna , Klimov Viktor Petrovich
Published: October 2017

The paper is devoted to problems of aesthetic taste as display of an internal measure for composite perfection. Aesthetic measure and taste are demonstrated as necessary components of design education.
Aesthetics of red or red aesthetics
Authors: Klimova Galina Pavlovna , Klimov Viktor Petrovich
Published: October 2017

This paper is devoted to analysis of the phenomenon of red color in culture. The authors determinate importance of the phenomenon of red color for Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin oeuvre.
Methodology of functional and cost approach to improvement of a control system of corporation in modern conditions
Authors: Zlygostev Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: October 2017

According to the author, the corporate structure of economic entities is objective need today owing to the fact that the created conditions of acceleration of economic development of the country often demand association of several legal entities and individuals conducting an entrepreneurial activity to achieve the required result. At the same time, the corporation is not independent legal form and its activity is not regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. In this regard, there is a set of various interrelations and the relations of economic entities which are based on a basis of self-government and membership of participants of corporation on long-term contractual and contract conditions. This, in turn, predetermines the search of new, most effective forms and methods of formation and development of control systems of corporations including increases in level of their personnel potential.
Verbal component specific features of creolized internet memes
Authors: Anikina Tatyana Vyacheslavovna
Published: October 2017

The given article deals with Internet memes as a specific phenomenon of internet discourse. Creolized Internet memes serve to simplify and intensify communication among people. It is facilitated by such language means as language game, erratives and abbreviation
Functional Impairment and Painful Physical Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Antidepressants: Real-World Evidence from the Middle East
Authors: Hong Jihyung , Novick Diego , Moneta Maria Victoria , El-Shafei Ahmed , Dueñas Héctor , Haro Josep Maria
Published: October 2017

Background:

The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study reported the relative size of major depressive disorder (MDD) burden to be greater in the Middle East and North Africa than anywhere else. However, little research has been carried out to examine the comparative effectiveness of antidepressants in this region.

Objective:

To assess and compare functioning levels in Middle Eastern patients with MDD treated with either duloxetine or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and to examine the impacts of depression-related pain on functioning by the type of treatment.

Method:

This post-hoc analysis, which focused on Middle Eastern patients, used data from a 6-month prospective observational study that included 1,549 MDD patients without sexual dysfunction. Levels of functional impairment and depression-related pain were assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the modified Somatic Symptom Inventory, respectively. A mixed model with repeated measures (MMRM) was employed.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 37.3 (SD=8.4) years, and 34.6% were female. Patient functioning was, on average, moderately impaired at baseline, but improved substantially during follow-up in both the duloxetine (n=152) and the SSRI (n=123) cohorts. The MMRM results showed a lower level of functional impairment at 24 weeks in the duloxetine cohort than in the SSRI cohort (p<0.001). Pain severity at baseline was positively associated with functional impairment during follow-up only in the SSRI cohort (p=0.003).

Conclusion:

Duloxetine-treated MDD patients achieved better functioning than SSRI-treated patients. This treatment difference was partly driven by depression-related pain.
Simulation and Quality in Clinical Education
Authors: Sunderland Ann , Nicklin Jane , Martin Andrew
Published: October 2017

Background:

Simulation-based education (SBE) has become commonplace in healthcare education within hospitals, higher education institutions, the private healthcare sector, and private education providers. The standards and quality of delivery vary across the UK [1], leading to differing degrees of learning for healthcare professionals. This variance in standards makes research into the impact of SBE on the end user (the patient) difficult to measure.

Review:

The delivery of SBE needs to be of a high standard if learningviathis pedagogy is to be maximised and benefits to patients are to be accurately assessed. This article aims to summarise the importance of quality within clinical SBE and how it can be achieved and maintained to produce a measurable impact on patient care. The current progress of the implementation of UK national standards for SBE is included to highlight the need for standardisation and guidance to support simulation centres and individuals to benchmark practice and work towards accreditation through quality measurement and monitoring processes. Suggestions are made on how such standards will affect the future of SBE and all those involved.

Conclusion:

There is a clear need for the development of national standards for SBE delivery and for a stepped approach [i.e. minimum, intermediate, and advanced standards] depending on the size, capacity, and frequency of SBE education delivery. Considerable financial outlay will be required to monitor standards effectively. The enhanced use of current and future technologies should be considered with regards to monitoring standards as well as data collection for future research opportunities.
A Review of Quality Improvement [QI] Specialised Interventions in the USA and England to Reduce the Number of Police Mental Health Crisis Detentions and Provide Support to High Intensity Utilisers [HIUs]
Authors: Matheson-Monnet Catherine B , Jennings Paul
Published: October 2017

Background:

Key issues in both the USA and England have been how to deal appropriately and effectively with the increasing number of mental health related incidents, in particular 1) the rising number of people with mental health issues detained in police custody until they can be clinically assessed and 2) the negative impact on public safety of the high intensity service users [HIUs] who draw a disproportionate amount of emergency and crisis services and are well known to both police and mental health services.

Aims and objectives:

To provide an overview of what is known about current quality improvement interventions undertaken to address these two key issuesi.e.reducing both the number of police mental health crisis detention and the disproportionate amount of emergency and crisis service usage [police, ambulance, ED] from HIUs with complex mental health problems to help inform policy and practice decisions in a context of lack of best evidence and lack of evidence based studies.

Methods:

PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to undertake a narrative synthesis of what is known of the various quality improvement interventions that have been introduced in both the USA and England to address these two key issues. Authors’ knowledge was also used to describe two quality improvement interventions not included/not yet listed in Google Scholar or PubMed.

Results:

In the USA, the dominant approach to reduce mental health police detentions is the CIT model, first introduced in 1988, now increasingly implemented with the addition of the older model of police and mental health co-responder (which go back several decades earlier) to increase its effectiveness. The CIT model has been adopted and spread worldwide despite methodological shortcomings in evaluations. Although a best evidence model with increasing data being gathered on effectiveness, it has yet to become an evidence based model. The Street Triage models introduced in England in 2012 were inspired by the older police and mental health co-responder model. Despite a primarily descriptive approach and methodological shortcomings in evaluations and only a handful of studies published, ST has also been widely adopted and spread within England. Only a handful of interventions have focussed on supporting HIUs with the implementation in England of a unique model but evolving model of integrating a police officer within a multi-disciplinary mentoring style intervention which has now adopted by other English police forces and could usefully be adopted by USA police forces.

Conclusion:

More data need to be systematically gathered on effectiveness and analysed against a range of clear success criteria, including a cost benefit analysis of the relative merits of their different variations before and in order that they can be called evidence-based models.