bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved access to the bone marrow space by multiple perforations of the alveolar bundle bone after tooth extraction—A case report
Authors: Ulm Christian , Strbac Georg D. , Stavropoulos Andreas , Esfandeyari Azadeh , Dobsak Toni , Bertl Kristina
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The dental alveolus is lined by a thin cortical layer (“bundle bone”, “alveolar bone proper”, “cribriform plate”, “lamina dura”), that can impede access to the bone marrow and its vasculature. During unassisted socket healing, the alveolar bundle bone is gradually resorbed allowing tissue resources from the bone marrow to enter into the socket space. An optimized wound healing process, either during unassisted socket healing or during ridge preservation procedures, with autogenous bone and/or any bone/collagen substitute material, depends at least partly on an adequate vascularization of the socket space. This ensures sufficient recruitment of osteoblast and osteoclast precursor cells and facilitates fast bone regeneration and/or uneventful integration of the augmentation material.

Methods

The present technical note describes an easy treatment step after tooth extraction aiming to improve socket healing with or without any ridge preservation procedure, by facilitating an increased blood inflow into the dental alveolus. Specifically, after tooth extraction the alveolar bundle bone is perforated several times – mainly in a palatally/lingually – by a small round bur (diameter < 1 mm) extending into the trabecular bone.

Results and conclusions

By means of this relatively simple treatment step, an increased blood inflow into the alveolus is achieved after tooth extraction, which might enhance socket healing and corticalization of the entrance, and in turn result in a lower complication rate (e.g., dry socket), in an enhanced graft incorporation, and/or in a reduced loss of alveolar ridge volume.
Design of high‐isolation and low‐loss single pole double throw switch based on the triple‐coupled transformer for ultra‐wideband phased array systems
Authors: Wang Zeyuan , Li Zhenrong , Wang Yuxin , Li Zhen , Zhuang Yiqi
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch based on the triple‐coupled transformer. The triple‐coupled transformer utilizes a novel structure with three stacked coupled inductors which are placed in nonconcentric positions to ensure the isolation of SPDT switch. The SPDT switch obtains additional optimization space to improve insertion loss performance under the premise of reassuring isolation. The equivalent circuit model is built to interpret the mechanism of the SPDT switch and transformer. The proposed switch is implemented with the 65‐nm CMOS process, the simulated results show the isolation between input‐to‐output ports are better than 25 dB at 24–38 GHz. The proposed SPDT switch achieves a minimum insertion loss of 1.56 dB with compact chip size 625 × 370 μm2 (with PADs).
Effects of camera‐trap placement and number on detection of members of a mammalian assemblage
Authors: Hofmeester Tim R. , Thorsen Neri H. , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Kindberg Jonas , Andrén Henrik , Linnell John D. C. , Odden John
Published: July 2021

A central goal in camera‐trapping (CT) studies is to maximize detection probability and precision of occupancy estimates while minimizing the number of CTs to reduce equipment and labor costs. Few studies, however, have examined the effect of CT number on detection probability. Moreover, historically, most studies focused on a specific species and the design could be tailored toward maximizing detection of this target species. Increasingly, however, such studies use data for all captured, non‐target, species (by‐catch data) for animal community‐level analyses. It remains unclear if, and how, the targeting of CTs toward one species affects the detection of non‐target species. We paired CTs from a permanent camera‐trapping grid (with 38 CTs) targeted at monitoring Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Innlandet County, Norway, with additional randomly placed CTs at two spatial scales (38 CTs within the same habitat patch and 38 CTs within the same 50‐km2 grid cell as the lynx‐targeted CTs) for three months. We combined multi‐scale occupancy models that enable the separation of large‐scale occupancy, CT‐scale site use, and detection probability with single‐scale occupancy models. This allowed us to study the effects of targeted placement and CT number on the detection probability of the target species (lynx) and seven non‐target mammal species (four carnivores, three herbivores, and one rodent). We found that all species, except moose (Alces alces), had the highest detection probability at lynx‐targeted CTs. Moose had equal detection probabilities at all three placement types. Adding extra CTs generally increased detection probabilities. Consequently, for all species, combining a lynx‐targeted CT with one or more randomly placed CTs, increased the accuracy and precision of occupancy estimates for 50‐km2 grid cells compared to single CT estimates. The placement of single CTs underestimated grid‐cell occupancy compared to known minimum occupancy and were similar to site‐use probability estimates of multi‐scale models. It is, however, uncertain to which spatial extent these site‐use probabilities refer. We therefore recommend the use of multiple (targeted) CTs to estimate occupancy in large grid cells and to interpret occupancy estimates from single CTs as site use of an, as of yet undefined, area surrounding the CT.
Right coronary artery diastolic perfusion pressure on outcome of patients with left heart failure and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Hamud Amir , Brezins Marc , Shturman Alexander , Abramovich Adrian , Dragu Robert
Published: July 2021

Aims

Right ventricle adaptation to prolonged exposure against pulmonary hypertension (PH) includes structural and functional abnormalities, translated into modifications of blood flow pattern through the right coronary artery. Given these changes, we investigate the relationship between right coronary artery diastolic perfusion pressure (RCDPP) and clinical outcome, in patients with PH secondary to left‐sided heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

We studied 108 HF patients who underwent right heart catheterization. PH was present in 75 (69.4%). Mean RCDPP was lower in patients with PH (59.4 ± 14.0 mmHg) as compared with no PH patients (65.5 ± 11.6 mmHg) (P = 0.03). Aortic diastolic pressure accounted for 79% of RCDPP variability explained by the model (P < 0.0001). During a median follow‐up of 26 months, the RCDPP 1st tertile (<55 mmHg) [hazard ration (HR) 5.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–25.12, P = 0.04] and left ventricular ejection fraction <45% [HR 7.26, 95% CI 1.77–29.73, P = 0.006] were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusions

Right coronary artery diastolic perfusion pressure is a strong independent haemodynamic maker of mortality in left‐sided HF and PH. Excessive reduction of aortic diastolic pressure may be detrimental. Future research is necessary to determine the therapeutic approach to blood pressure in this population.
Effect of dose and dose rate of gamma irradiation on the formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells isolated from whole‐body‐irradiated mice
Authors: D'Auria Vieira de Godoy Paulo Roberto , Nakamura Ayumi , Khavari Ali Pour , Sangsuwan Traimate , Haghdoost Siamak
Published: July 2021

It is well‐known that the cytotoxicity and mutagenic effects of high dose rate (HDR) ionizing radiation (IR) are increased by increasing the dose but less is known about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR). In vitro, we have shown that in addition to the immediate interaction of IR with DNA (the direct and indirect effects), low doses and chronic LDR exposure induce endogenous oxidative stress. During elevated oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) react with DNA modifying its structure. Here, BL6 mice were exposed to IR at LDR and HDR and were then sacrificed 3 hours and 3 weeks after exposure to examine early and late effects of IR. The levels of micronuclei, MN, were determined in bone marrow cells. Our data indicate that the effects of 200 mGy on MN‐induction are transient, but 500 and 1000 mGy (both HDR and LDR) lead to increased levels of MN up to 3 weeks after the exposure.
Treatment of intermediate landfill leachate using different anode materials in electrooxidation process
Authors: Can Orhan Taner , Gazigil Leyla , Keyikoglu Ramazan
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the performances of widely used anode materials in the treatment of intermediate landfill leachate treatment by electrooxidation (EO) process. The raw leachate was collected from an 8‐year‐old landfill facility and had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 4660 mg/L, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) of 1370 mg/L, and total organic carbon (TOC) of 2260 mg/L. TOC and COD removal efficiencies of Boron‐Doped Diamond (BDD), Pt, and four different Ti‐based mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes ((RuO2–TiO2, RuO2–IrO2, PtO2–IrO2, and IrO2–Ta2O5) were compared at the current densities of 25 mA/cm2, 75 mA/cm2, and 125 mA/cm2. At the highest current density, the BDD achieved 100% TOC and COD removal efficiencies in 240 min. BDD was followed by the Pt anode, which achieved 95.53% COD and 92.74% TOC removal efficiencies. The Pt electrode also had the lowest SEC values at all current densities. Although the performances of four MMO electrodes were very close, RuO2–TiO2 achieved a slightly higher performance than the others. It was concluded that Pt anode can be a promising alternative to BDD, which was 18 times more expensive, with its comparable pollutant removal performance and low specific energy consumption.
Seismic control performance of a three‐story frame prototype equipped with semi‐active variable stiffness and damping structural joints
Authors: Wang Qinyu , Senatore Gennaro , Jansen Kaspar , Habraken Arjan , Teuffel Patrick
Published: July 2021

This paper presents numerical and experimental studies on semi‐active seismic response control of structures equipped with variable stiffness and damping structural joints. Such adaptive joints, which are comprised of a shape memory polymer (SMP) core reinforced by an SMP‐aramid composite skin, function as load‐transfer components as well as semi‐active control devices. The SMP core material can transition from a glassy to a rubbery state through thermal actuation resulting in a shift of the structural natural frequencies and a parallel increase of damping ratio, which enables a new semi‐active control strategy. Control performance has been evaluated on a three‐story frame equipped with 12 adaptive joints and subjected to seismic excitations. Full‐transient analysis has shown that when the joints are thermally actuated to the transition temperature (65°C), acceleration and base shear are reduced by up to 62% and 65%, respectively. Shake‐table tests have been carried out on a 1/10‐scale prototype, confirming that through thermal actuation of the adaptive joints the structural damping ratio increases from 2.6% to 11.3% and the first natural frequency shifts by up to 37%. As the structure becomes more flexible, an increase of displacements and interstory drift might occur. However, depending on the seismic excitation, top‐story acceleration and base shear are significantly reduced in the range 43%–50% and 35%–51%, respectively. These results confirm that semi‐active control through thermal actuation of variable stiffness and damping structural joints is effective to mitigate the structure response under seismic excitation.
Characteristics of in situ stress and its influence on coal seam permeability in the Liupanshui Coalfield, Western Guizhou
Authors: Fang Xiaojie , Wu Caifang , Jiang Xiuming , Liu Ningning , Zhou Dan , Ju Yiwen
Published: July 2021

The current in situ stress regime is of great significance to the exploration and development of coalbed methane (CBM). In this study, the vertical stress (), maximum horizontal principal stress (), and minimum horizontal principal stress () in the Liupanshui Coalfield were studied. Variations of the maximum and minimum envelopes and trend lines of the lateral pressure coefficient () with depth were obtained, and the non‐monotonic decrease of permeability with burial depth was determined. On this basis, the effect of in situ stress on the coal reservoir permeability was evaluated. The results show that the average vertical stress gradient of the main coal seam in the Liupanshui Coalfield is 0.024 MPa/m. Generally, there are two stress regimes of  >  >  (44.23%) and  >  >  (46.15%);  >  >  accounts for a smaller proportion (9.62%), and only occurs in relatively shallow coal seams (<622.85 m). In the range of the tested burial depths, for <600 m,  >  >  is dominant;  >  >  is dominant between 600 and 800 m; and between 800 and 980 m, the coal reservoir is affected by both  >  >  and  >  > , representing a transition zone between the two stress states. With the increase of burial depth, the permeability of the coal reservoir shows a complex non‐monotonic decline, and the variation of the permeability of the coal reservoir differs under the influence of different stress regimes. Further analysis shows that under the background of stress regime transformation, permeability is mainly affected by the stress value, horizontal principal stress difference, stress regime, and coal cleat, indicating that in situ stress is the main controlling factor of coal reservoir permeability in the Liupanshui Coalfield.
New shape‐stabilized phase change materials obtained by single‐screw extruder
Authors: Salgado‐Pizarro Rebeca , Ulldemolins Guilllermo , Navarro Maria Elena , Palacios Anabel , Calderón Alejandro , Ding Yulong , Fernández A. Ines , Barreneche Camila
Published: July 2021

Shape‐stabilized phase change materials (SS‐PCM) are promising materials given their potential to control leakage of liquid PCM. However, SS‐PCM still has low thermal conductivity and high flammability, which are important properties for several applications, such as the thermal indoor comfort in buildings. In this study, two new polymeric SS‐PCM were developed and their properties were optimized by the use of different additives. Both high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyoxymethylene (POM) work as matrix materials and MPCM 28 from Microtek acts as PCM. Besides, the graphite was used as an additive material to increase the thermal conductivity, and the magnesium hydroxide to minimize flammability of the composite. Both inorganic fillers also help in the PCM dispersion within the matrix. To evaluate the effect of each component, seven formulations were manufactured by a single screw extruder and a set of characterization (Differential scanning calorimetry, Thermogravimetric analyses, for thermophysical evaluation, and dynamical mechanical analyses, for thermomechanical evaluation over 1000 thermal cycles was performed. The main outputs of the investigation are the proposed formulations that have a good fire reaction performance, whereas their thermal and chemical stability are guaranteed up to 1000 cycles. The HDPE samples present around 12 kJ/kg melting enthalpy when 10 wt% microencapsulated PCM is included in the formulation. In addition, the POM samples present around 7.5 kJ/kg when 10 wt% microencapsulated PCM is included in the formulation. For all formulations, the melting enthalpy obtained is around 27.5°C, in concordance with the reported by the manufacturer.
Physics‐based numerical simulation of heat and moisture transport in red chili subjected to mix‐mode solar drying with phase change energy storage
Authors: Ndukwu Macmanus C. , Horsfall Ibiba T. , Onwude Daniel I. , Simo‐Tagne Merlin , Abam Fidelis I.
Published: July 2021

In this study, a coupled heat and mass transfer model was developed using a finite element (FE) simulation approach to describe solar drying of red chili integrated with Na2SO4∙10H2O as phase change material thermal storage. The coupled heat and mass transfer equation solution was achieved by using COMSOL multiphysics with three‐dimensional (3D) axisymmetric geometry mesh generation. The Lagrange triangular FEs of very fine size were employed in obtaining the geometry of the mesh. This study adopts a time‐dependent study that shows the variation of time within 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, respectively, for continuous drying of red chili in the solar dryer. The effect of air temperature and thermal storage on temperature and moisture distribution on drying of red chili was investigated. The temperature distribution was not uniform and heat transfer at the base was higher than the tip while there is a clear moisture gradient for different drying times, though this moisture moves from the base to the tip and more uniform distribution was obtained after 4 hours of drying. Drying temperature increased from a side to the core of the sample as the drying progresses. Although thermal storage accelerated the drying process, solar radiation showed a greater influence on the drying process. The developed numerical model with the experimental results showed the same trend with the values of MAE and SE for temperature found to be 0.48132 and 0.000842 for the without thermal storage (NTS) sample, 0.2266 and 30.000551 for thermal storage (TS). Also, the values of MAE and SE are 0.0051 and 0.006048 for NTS, 0.00212 and 0.00538 for TS, respectively for moisture profile. The lower values of these errors specify a better prediction capability of the model code.
Highly active carbon nanotube supported iridium, copper, ruthenium catalysts for glucose electrooxidation
Authors: Er Omer Faruk , Kivrak Hilal
Published: July 2021

Herein, carbon nanotube (CNT) supported ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), and copper (Cu) catalysts at 0.1 to 20 wt% metal loading are prepared by the NaBH4 reduction method for glucose electrooxidation reaction (GER). These catalysts are successfully characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and N2 adsorption‐desorption measurements. Voltammetric measurements of these catalysts are taken using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The crystallite sizes of these catalysts are calculated as 2.53 nm for Ru/CNT, 2.94 nm for Ir/CNT, and 13.06 nm for Cu/CNT by using Scherrer equation. For GER, 10% Ru/CNT, 0.1% Ir/CNT, and 0.5% Cu/CNT catalysts have high current densities as 1.86 mA cm−2 (160.6 mA mg−1 Ru), 3.03 mA cm−2 (23 857.2 mA mg−1 Ir), and 1.12 mA cm−2 (1768.8 mA mg−1 Cu), respectively. These catalysts have also good stability. Results reveal that 10% Ru/CNT, 0.1% Ir/CNT, and 0.5% Cu/CNT catalysts are promising catalysts as direct glucose fuel cell anode catalysts.
Occurrence and dietary exposure of heavy metals in marketed vegetables and fruits of Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zhang Tianran , Zhang Yuan , Li Wei , Wang Lin , Jiao Yanni , Wang Yuxin , Jiang Dafeng , Gao Xibao
Published: July 2021

The contamination of heavy metals in vegetables and fruits is a serious threat to food safety and human health. The present study was designed to investigate the occurrence and dietary exposure of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in vegetables and fruits in Shandong Province, China. Results demonstrated that the mean level of total heavy metals was 30.25 µg/kg. The most frequently found heavy metal was Cd (69.2%) with a mean value of 11.54 µg/kg. The mean exposure values of Pb, As, Cd, and Hg in vegetables were 0.052, 0.045, 0.038, and 2.40 × 10–3 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Moreover, the calculated hazard quotient (HQ) values of mean levels for these four heavy metals were all less than 1, indicating the health risk of heavy metal exposure caused by vegetable consumption was low. This study has displayed baseline information on heavy metal contamination in vegetables and fruits, which can provide useful data support for the formulation of relevant standards and government management.
A systematic review of risk stratification tools internationally used in primary care settings
Authors: Girwar Shelley‐Ann M. , Jabroer Robert , Fiocco Marta , Sutch Stephen P. , Numans Mattijs E. , Bruijnzeels Marc A.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims

In our current healthcare situation, burden on healthcare services is increasing, with higher costs and increased utilization. Structured population health management has been developed as an approach to balance quality with increasing costs. This approach identifies sub‐populations with comparable health risks, to tailor interventions for those that will benefit the most. Worldwide, the use of routine healthcare data extracted from electronic health registries for risk stratification approaches is increasing. Different risk stratification tools are used on different levels of the healthcare continuum. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to explore which tools are used in primary healthcare settings and assess their performance.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review of studies applying risk stratification tools with health outcomes in primary care populations. Studies in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries published in English‐language journals were included. Search engines were utilized with keywords, for example, “primary care,” “risk stratification,” and “model.” Risk stratification tools were compared based on different measures: area under the curve (AUC) and C‐statistics for dichotomous outcomes and R2 for continuous outcomes.

Results

The search provided 4718 articles. Specific election criteria such as primary care populations, generic health utilization outcomes, and routinely collected data sources identified 61 articles, reporting on 31 different models. The three most frequently applied models were the Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACG, n = 23), the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI, n = 19), and the Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC, n = 7). Most AUC and C‐statistic values were above 0.7, with ACG showing slightly improved scores compared with the CCI and HCC (typically between 0.6 and 0.7).

Conclusion

Based on statistical performance, the validity of the ACG was the highest, followed by the CCI and the HCC. The ACG also appeared to be the most flexible, with the use of different international coding systems and measuring a wider variety of health outcomes.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of bradycardia in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Buchhorn Reiner , Baumann Christoph , Willaschek Christian
Published: July 2021

Background

The purpose of this investigation was to examine heart rate variability (HRV), interbeat interval (IBI), and their interrelationship in healthy controls, bradycardic hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel 4 (HCN4) mutation carriers, and patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested the hypothesis that neural mechanisms cause bradycardia in patients with AN. Therefore, we assumed that saturation of the HRV/IBI relationship as a consequence of sustained parasympathetic control of the sinus node is exclusively detectable in patients with AN.

Methods

Patients with AN between the ages of 12 and 16 years admitted to our hospital due to malnutrition were grouped and included in the present investigation (N = 20). A matched‐pair group with healthy children and adolescents was created. Groups were matched for age and sex. A 24‐hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) was performed in controls and patients. More specifically, all patients underwent two 24‐hour Holter ECG examinations (admission; refeeding treatment). Additionally, the IBI was recorded during the night in HCN4 mutation carriers (N = 4). HRV parameters were analyzed in 5‐minute sequences during the night and plotted against mean corresponding IBI length. HRV, IBI, and their interrelationship were examined using Spearman's rank correlation analyses, Mann‐Whitney U tests, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

The relationship between IBI and HRV showed signs of saturation in patients with AN. Furthermore, signs of HRV saturation were present in two HCN4 mutation carriers. In contrast, signs of HRV saturation were not present in controls.

Conclusions

The existence of HRV saturation does not support the existence of parasympathetically mediated bradycardia. Nonneural mechanisms, such as HCN4 downregulation, may be responsible for bradycardia and HRV saturation in patients with AN.
The role of Bag3 in cell signaling
Authors: Sherman Michael Y. , Gabai Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Bag3 has been implicated in a wide variety of physiological processes from autophagy to aggresome formation and from cell transformation to survival. We argue that involvement of Bag3 in many of these processes is due to its distinct function in cell signaling. The structure of Bag3 suggests that it can serve as a scaffold that links molecular chaperones Hsp70 and small Hsps with components of a variety of signaling pathways. Major protein‐protein interaction motifs of Bag3 that recruit components of signaling pathways are WW domain and PXXP motif that interacts with SH3‐domain proteins. Furthermore, Hsp70‐Bag3 appears to be a sensor of abnormal polypeptides during the proteotoxic stress. It also serves as a sensor of a mechanical force during mechanotransduction. Common feature of these and probably certain other sensory mechanisms is that they represent responses to specific kinds of abnormal proteins, i.e. unfolded filamin A in case of mechanotransduction or stalled translating polypeptides in case of sensing proteasome inhibition. Overall Hsp70‐Bag3 module represents a novel signaling node that responds to multiple stimuli and controls multiple physiological processes.
Construction of Z‐scheme heterojunction g‐C3N4/CQDs/InVO4 with broad‐spectrum response for efficient rhodamine B degradation and H2 evolution under visible light
Authors: Chen Fang‐Yan , Cheng Lei , Tang Yu‐Bin , Shu Ke‐Ke , Shi Wei‐Long
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

A Z‐scheme structured photocatalyst is a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and degradation of pollutants.

RESULTS

An indirect Z‐scheme heterojunction g‐C3N4/CQDs/InVO4 with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as electron mediator was constructed and was successfully synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared composite was evaluated in terms of hydrogen generation and degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The as‐prepared sample CV20/CQDs2 (g‐C3N4/2 wt% CQDs/20 wt% InVO4) exhibits the best photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen production and RhB degradation. Within 90 min, 99.6% of RhB is removed, and the degradation rate constant of RhB over CV20/CQDs2 is 0.06491 min−1, which is 43.9, 6.64 and 3.3 times as high as that of InVO4, g‐C3N4 and binary composite g‐C3N4/InVO4. CV20/CQDs2 exhibits H2 evolution rate of 2.169 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 26.07, 2.65 and 1.6 times as high as that of InVO4, g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4/InVO4.

CONCLUSIONS

The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to two aspects. First, CQDs, as electron mediator, promote the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes through Z‐scheme charge transfer pathway, preserving the high redox ability of electrons and holes. Second, g‐C3N4/CQDs/InVO4 shows strong optical absorption in the full visible‐light region. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Structurally controlled synthesis of synthetic gypsum derived from industrial wastes: sustainable approach
Authors: Kamarou Maksim , Korob Natalia , Romanovski Valentin
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The article demonstrates the possibility of processing spent sulfuric acid and limestone waste into high‐quality synthetic calcium sulfate dihydrate.

RESULTS

A comprehensive technological scheme for the production of synthetic gypsum from industrial waste was proposed. Mathematical models of the main technological stages were obtained. In the process of acid processing, at the stage of separating gypsum from the mother liquor, a filtrate was formed containing ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and SO42−, which are some of the main ions necessary for plant growth. A positive effect was found when using the filtrate as fertilizer.

CONCLUSIONS

Optimal values of synthesis parameters that allow one to obtain crystals of the maximum size were determined. A positive effect when using the filtrate as fertilizer was found. These results mean that it is possible to obtain a technology for gypsum with a closed production cycle (waste‐free technology) derived from waste limestone and spent sulfuric acid. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Synovial mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles containing microRN555A‐26a‐5p ameliorate cartilage damage of osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Laiya , Wang Jingyi , Fan Aoyuan , Wang Pei , Chen Runzhi , Lu Laibing , Yin Feng
Published: July 2021

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage damage. We aimed to improve the understanding of the protective mechanism of synovial mesenchymal stem cell (SMSC)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cartilage damage of OA.

Methods

SMSCs and SMSC‐EVs were isolated from synovial biopsies of patients without OA and then identified. The pathological microenvironment of chondrocytes in OA was simulated by inducing SW1353 cells with interleukin (IL)‐1β, followed by SMSC‐EV treatment to assess SW1353 cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Endocytosis of Dil‐labeled EVs by SW1353 cells was observed. microRNA (miR)‐26a‐5p expression in EVs and EV‐treated SW1353 cells was assessed. The effect of miR‐26a‐5p was evaluated after it was down‐regulated in SMSCs, followed by extraction of EVs, which acted on SW1353 cells. The target relationship of miR‐26a‐5p and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) was predicted and confirmed. The role of PTEN in OA was evaluated after it was overexpressed. Functional assays were implemented in vivo to certify the role of SMSC‐EVs in OA.

Results

SMSC‐EVs enhanced IL‐1β‐induced SW1353 cell proliferation, whereas they inhibited apoptosis and inflammation. EVs were endocytosed by SW1353 cells and delivered miR‐26a‐5p into SW1353 cells to overexpress miR‐26a‐5p. Down‐regulation of miR‐26a‐5p in EVs attenuated the protection of EVs against IL‐1β‐induced cell damage. miR‐26a‐5p targeted PTEN, for which overexpression spoiled the protection of EVs against IL‐1β‐induced cell damage. SMSC‐EVs carrying miR‐26a‐5p repaired cartilage damage of OA.

Conclusions

SMSC‐EVs carried miR‐26a‐5p into chondrocytes to up‐regulate miR‐26a‐5p and inhibit PTEN, thereby inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation and ameliorating cartilage damage of OA.
Surgeon Positioning During Awake Laryngeal Surgery: An Ergonomic Analysis
Authors: Baird Brandon J. , Tynan Monica A. , Tracy Lauren F. , Heaton James T. , Burns James A.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

While it is acknowledged that otolaryngologists performing microlaryngeal surgery can develop musculoskeletal symptoms due to suboptimal body positioning relative to the patient, flexible laryngoscopy and awake laryngeal surgeries (ALSs) can also pose ergonomic risk. This prospective study measured the effects of posture during ergonomically good and bad positions during laryngoscopy using ergonomic analysis, skin‐surface electromyography (EMG), and self‐reported pain ratings.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

Eight participants trained in laryngoscopy assumed four ergonomically distinct standing positions (side/near, side/far, front/near, front/far) at three different heights (neutral—top of patient's head in line with examiner's shoulder, high—6 inches above neutral, and low—6 inches below neutral) in relation to a simulated patient. Participants' postures were analyzed using the validated Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA, 1 [best] to 7 [worst]) tool for the 12 positions. Participants then simulated ALS for 10 minutes in a bad position (low‐side‐far) and a good position (neutral‐front‐near) with 12 EMG sensors positioned on the limbs and torso.

Results

The position with the worst RULA score was the side/near/high (7.0), and the best was the front/near/neutral (4.5). EMG measurements revealed significant differences between simulated surgery in the bad and good positions, with bad position eliciting an average of 206% greater EMG root‐mean‐squared magnitude across all sampled muscles compared to the good posture (paired t‐test, df = 7, P < .01), consistent with self‐reported fatigue/pain when positioned poorly.

Conclusion

Quantitative and qualitative measurements demonstrate the impact of surgeon posture during simulated laryngoscopy and suggest ergonomically beneficial posture that should facilitate ALSs.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:2752–2758, 2021
Physico‐chemical and functional properties of legume protein, starch, and dietary fiber—A review
Authors: Keskin Semin Ozge , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Ahmed Jasim , Shaikh Marium , Siddiq Muhammad , Uebersax Mark A.
Published: July 2021

Legumes have gained increased dietary importance in recent years due to their recognized health benefits. Recent plant protein revolution has elevated legumes to the forefront from consumers' and food industry's perspective. Unlike cereal proteins and starches, there is a scarcity of information on the structural properties of legume starches. Consumption of legume‐derived dietary fibers have a positive impact on the human health, in particular, gut health, which is a current research focus for nutrition and health professionals. Knowledge of legume ingredients properties (e.g., protein denaturation, starch gelatinization, pasting, and thermal properties) could aid in understanding functionality and potential uses of these materials. The physicochemical, thermal, and the functional properties of legume proteins, starches, and dietary fibers are elucidated. Both the food ingredient manufacturers and research and development professionals in the food industry can benefit from the information provided in this review article.
Clarifying the concept of a learning health system for healthcare delivery organizations: Implications from a qualitative analysis of the scientific literature
Authors: Easterling Douglas , Perry Anna C. , Woodside Rachel , Patel Tanha , Gesell Sabina B.
Published: July 2021

The “learning health system” (LHS) concept has been defined in broad terms, which makes it challenging for health system leaders to determine exactly what is required to transform their organization into an LHS. This study provides a conceptual map of the LHS landscape by identifying the activities, principles, tools, and conditions that LHS researchers have associated with the concept. Through a multi‐step screening process, two researchers identified 79 publications from PubMed (published before January 2020) that contained information relevant to the question, “What work is required of a healthcare organization that is operating as an LHS?” Those publications were coded as to whether or not they referenced each of 94 LHS elements in the taxonomy developed by the study team. This taxonomy, named the Learning Health Systems Consolidated Framework (LHS‐CF), organizes the elements into five “bodies of work” (organizational learning, translation of evidence into practice, building knowledge, analyzing clinical data, and engaging stakeholders) and four “enabling conditions” (workforce skilled for LHS work, data systems and informatics technology in place, organization invests resources in LHS work, and supportive organizational culture). We report the frequency that each of the 94 elements was referenced across the 79 publications. The four most referenced elements were: “organization builds knowledge or evidence,” “quality improvement practices are standard practice,” “patients and family members are actively engaged,” and “organizational culture emphasizes and supports learning.” By dissecting the LHS construct into its component elements, the LHS‐CF taxonomy can serve as a useful tool for LHS researchers and practitioners in defining the aspects of LHS they are addressing. By assessing how often each element is referenced in the literature, the study provides guidance to health system leaders as to how their organization needs to evolve in order to become an LHS ‐ while also recognizing that each organization should emphasize elements that are most aligned with their mission and goals.
On doubly critical coupled systems involving fractional Laplacian with partial singular weight
Authors: Yang Tao
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the doubly critical coupled systems involving fractional Laplacian in with partial singular weight:wheres∈ (0, 1), 0 ≤α, β< 2s<n, 0 <m 1, ,γ1, γ2<γH, and is some explicit constant. By establishing new embedding results involving partially weighted Morrey norms in the product space , we provide sufficient conditions under which a weak nontrivial solution of (0.1) exists via variational methods. We also extend these results top‐Laplacian systems especially.
Impact of COVID‐19 on the quality of life of patients with neuromuscular disorders in the Lombardy area, Italy
Authors: Gagliardi Delia , Costamagna Gianluca , Abati Elena , Mauri Eleonora , Brusa Roberta , Scudeller Luigia , Andreoli Luca , Citterio Gaia , Piccin Eleonora , Magri Francesca , Meneri Megi , Velardo Daniele , Sciacco Monica , Bresolin Nereo , Corti Stefania , Comi Giacomo Pietro
Published: July 2021

Introduction:/Aims

Patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), including many elderly, immunosuppressed, and disabled individuals, may have been particularly affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Lombardy, a COVID‐19 high‐incidence area between February and May 2020. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the quality of life (QoL) and perceived disease burden of this group of patients.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional phone‐based survey study between June 1 and June 14, 2020, on a sample of 240 NMD patients followed at our clinic in Milan, Italy. We asked about perceived NMD burden and QoL before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We collected responses on access to outpatient care and ancillary services. We investigated the presence of symptoms suggestive of COVID‐19 infection and confirmed cases.

Results

We collected 205 responses: 53 patients (25.9%) reported a subjective worsening of the underlying NMD. QoL measures showed a significant worsening between pre and pandemic time frames (odds ratio, 2.14 95%; confidence interval, 1.82–2.51). Outpatient visits were postponed in more than half of cases (57.1%), with 104 patients (50.7%) experiencing a cancellation of scheduled diagnostic tests. 79 patients (38.5%) reported at least one symptom attributable to COVID‐19 infection. Among the 10 patients tested with nasopharyngeal swabs, 6 tested positive and 3 died from respiratory failure, including 2 patients on corticosteroid/ immunosuppressive therapy.

Discussion

The COVID‐19 pandemic affected QoL and limited access to outpatient care and ancillary services of NMD patients in Lombardy between February and May 2020.
Differentiation of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid intraplaque hemorrhage using 3D high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted stack of stars imaging
Authors: Kim Seong‐Eun , Parker Dennis L. , Roberts John A. , Treiman Gerald S. , Alexander Matthew , Baradaran Hediyeh , de Havenon Adam , McNally J. Scott
Published: July 2021

Ischemic events related to carotid disease are far more strongly associated with plaque instability than stenosis. 3D high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted (DW) imaging can provide quantitative diffusion measurements on carotid atherosclerosis and may improve detection of vulnerable intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). The 3D DW‐stack of stars (SOS) sequence was implemented with 3D SOS acquisition combined with DW preparation. After simulation of signals created from 3D DW‐SOS, phantom studies were performed. Three healthy subjects and 20 patients with carotid disease were recruited. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were statistically analyzed on three subgroups by using a two‐group comparison Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test with p values less than 0.05: symptomatic versus asymptomatic; IPH‐positive versus IPH‐negative; and IPH‐positive symptomatic versus asymptomatic plaques to determine the relationship with plaque vulnerability. ADC values calculated by 3D DW‐SOS provided values similar to those calculated from other techniques. Mean ADC of symptomatic plaque was significantly lower than asymptomatic plaque (0.68 ± 0.18 vs. 0.98 ± 0.16 x 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). ADC was also significantly lower in IPH‐positive versus IPH‐negative plaque (0.68 ± 0.13 vs. 1.04 ± 0.11 x 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). Additionally, ADC was significantly lower in symptomatic versus asymptomatic IPH‐positive plaque (0.57 ± 0.09 vs. 0.75 ± 0.11 x 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.001). Our results provide strong evidence that ADC measurements from 3D DW‐SOS correlate with the symptomatic status of extracranial internal carotid artery plaque. Further, ADC improved discrimination of symptomatic plaque in IPH. These data suggest that diffusion characteristics may improve detection of destabilized plaque leading to elevated stroke risk.
Role of effective crisis communication by the government in managing the first wave Covid‐19 pandemic – A study of Kerala government's success
Authors: M. A. Sanjeev , Pande Neerja , P. K. Santhosh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Effective crisis communication is critical for successful crisis management. The current study is an attempt to unravel the public communication efforts of the Kerala government in its successful Covid‐19 crisis management efforts during the first wave of the pandemic. The findings of the study indicate that the government has successfully used pre‐crisis communication to inoculate the stakeholders, ‘steal thunder’, and bolster their crisis management capabilities. Effective crisis communication, by the government, has ensured proper information management, media management, right supportive action, and direct communication with stakeholders. Effective communication has also helped the government in garnering favourable constituent attribution, positive framing, positive affect in stakeholder, and enlist active stakeholder participation in crisis management; resulting in, effective crisis management and enhanced reputation for the government. The study unravels the best practices of the Kerala government, in public crisis communication, during the pre‐crisis and crisis stages of the first wave of the pandemic and proposes a Kerala model of crisis communication. The model can be used as a reference for future government communication efforts during a crisis across geographies.
Preparation of antibacterial down fibers by chemical grafting using novel guanidine salt oligomer
Authors: Shentu Xuanyu , Guan Yong , Wang Lili , Pan Jin , Zheng Anna , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang
Published: July 2021

A novel antimicrobial agent polypentamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PPMG) was prepared by melt polycondensation with pentamethylenediamine and guanidine hydrochloride. The effects of reaction conditions on the molecular structure of PPMG were investigated. In order to develop value‐added down fibers with efficient and durable antibacterial performance, PPMG was grafted onto down fibers using glutaric dialdehyde as the coupling agent. It was confirmed that PPMG was successfully grafted onto down fibers through chemical bonding, and the grafting efficiencies were above 80%. The inhibition rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the modified down fibers reached over 99.9%, and such antimicrobial properties were still maintained after 20 washings with water or detergent.
Relationships of tensile strength with crosslink density for the high‐carbon black‐filledEPDMcompounds with various softeners
Authors: Tu Jieyun , Shi Xinghui , Jing Yuanrong , Zou Huimin , Kadlcak Jakub , Yong Zhanfu , Liu Susu , Liu Guangyong
Published: July 2021

Equilibrium swelling and rheological tests were adopted to systematically investigate the effects of softener type and dosage on the crosslink densities. The results turned out that the chemical crosslink density could be distinguished from the physical crosslink density by comparing the results of equilibrium swelling and rheological tests. The liquid butadiene (LB) as a softener leads to the greatest reduction in crosslink density, followed by polyethylene wax (PW) and paraffinic oil (PO). The tensile strength decreases with increasing PO content while shows peak values with increase of LB and PW contents. The dependencies of chemical crosslink density on the aging time under 150°C are quite different for the three softeners, which can be expected from the double crosslinking networks consisting of small softener and large main crosslinking networks. Further investigation has been performed to correlate the tensile strength with chemical crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer elastomer vulcanizates. Three different linear relationships can be obtained for the softeners independent of the aging time. It can now be expected from this study that the role of some new softeners in rubber compounds is not only confined to plasticization but also forms crosslinking networks in the peroxide‐cured rubbers.
Patient‐centered outcomes: Domain importance predicts health care use following physical therapy
Authors: Zeppieri Giorgio , George Steven Z. , Bialosky Joel , Lentz Trevor A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Identifying patients with musculoskeletal pain who are at risk for additional health care use is important for improving the value of physical therapists' services. We previously identified three subgroups based on the importance attached by patients to improvements in outcome domains including a (1) Pain and Function Outcomes Important subgroup; (2) Pain Important subgroup; and (3) Multiple Outcome Domains Important subgroup.

Objective

The primary aim was to determine whether subgroups based on patient‐determined outcomes of importance predicted any additional pain‐related health care use after an episode of physical therapy. A secondary aim was to determine if subgroup membership predicted use of specific services.

Design

Secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort.

Setting

Ambulatory outpatient physical therapy clinics.

Patients

Two hundred forty‐six patients seeking physical therapy recruited from the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome (OSPRO) cohort study.

Interventions

Patients completed a demographic and health history questionnaire, numeric pain rating scale, region‐specific disability measure, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Subgroup membership was determined based on responses to the Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire. At 1 year, patients reported use of health care since discharge from physical therapy. Separate logistic regression models determined whether subgroup membership predicted additional health care use.

Results

Compared to the Pain and Function Outcomes Important subgroup, the Pain Important subgroup had higher adjusted odds (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the primary outcome of any additional health care use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.47, 95% CI 1.01–6.00) and secondary outcomes of opioid use (aOR 9.45, 95% CI 2.87–31.17), injection (aOR 4.09, 95% CI 1.25–13.41), and surgery (aOR 5.10, 95% CI 1.15–22.67). There were no significant differences in health care utilization between the Pain and Function Outcomes Important and Multiple Outcome Domains Important subgroups.

Conclusion

In this cohort, patients with a singular focus on pain improvements were at higher risk for additional health care, including opioid use, injection, and surgery. These findings are exploratory and need to be confirmed in other cohorts.