bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How waviness in the circulation changes surface ozone: a viewpoint using local finite-amplitude wave activity
Authors: Sun Wenxiu , Hess Peter , Chen Gang , Tilmes Simone
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Local finite-amplitude wave activity (LWA) measures the waviness of the local flow. In this work we relate the anticyclonic part of LWA, AWA (Anticyclonic Wave Activity), to surface ozone in summertime over the U.S. on interannual to decadal scales. Interannual covariance between AWA diagnosed from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Era-Interim reanalysis and ozone measured at EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) stations are analyzed using Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA). The first two modes in the MCA analysis explain 84 % of the covariance between the AWA and MDA8 (Maximum Daily 8h-Average ozone). Over most of the U.S. we find a significant relationship between ozone at any specific location and AWA over the analysis domain (24° N–53° N, and 130° W–65° W) using a linear regression model. This relationship is diagnosed (i) using reanalysis meteorology and measured ozone from CASTNET, or (ii) using meteorology and ozone simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 with chemistry (CAM4-chem) within the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Using the linear regression model we find that meteorological biases in AWA in CAM4-chem, as compared to the reanalysis meteorology, induces ozone changes between −4 and +8 ppb in CAM4-chem. Future changes (circa 2100) in AWA are diagnosed in four different climate change simulations in CAM4-chem, simulations which differ in their initial conditions and in one case in their reactive species emissions. All future simulations have enhanced AWA over the U.S., with the maximum enhancement in the southwest. As diagnosed using the linear regression model the future change in AWA is predicted to cause a corresponding change in ozone ranging up to 6 ppb. The location of this change depends on subtle features of the change in AWA. In many locations this change explains the magnitude and the sign of the overall simulated future ozone change.
Processing and quality control of FY-3C GNOS data used in numerical weather prediction applications
Authors: Liao Mi , Healy Sean , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Chinese radio occultation sounder GNOS (Global Navigation Occultation
Sounder) is on the FY-3C satellite, which was launched on 23 September 2013.
Currently, GNOS data are transmitted via the Global Telecommunications
System (GTS), providing 450–500 profiles per day for numerical weather
prediction applications. This paper describes the processing of the GNOS
profiles with large biases related to L2 signal degradation. A new
extrapolation procedure in bending angle space corrects the L2 bending
angles using a thin ionosphere model and the fitting relationship
between L1 and L2. We apply the approach to improve the L2 extrapolation of GNOS.
The new method can effectively eliminate about 90 % of large
departures. In addition to the procedure for the L2 degradation, this paper
also describes our quality control (QC) for FY-3C GNOS. A noise estimate for
the new L2 extrapolation can be used as a QC parameter to evaluate the
performance of the extrapolation. A statistical comparison between GNOS
bending angles and short-range ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts) forecast bending angles demonstrates that GNOS performs
almost as well as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver for
Atmospheric Sounding (GRAS), especially in the core region from around 10 to
35 km. The GNOS data with the new L2 extrapolation are suitable for assimilation
into numerical weather prediction systems.
Signatures of red-shifted footpoints in the quiescent coronal loop system
Authors: Rao Yamini K. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Kayshap Pradeep , Dwivedi Bhola N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We observed quiescent coronal loops using multi-wavelength observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on 2016 April 13. The flows at the footpoints of such loop systems are studied using spectral data from Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). The Doppler velocity distributions at the footpoints lying in the moss region show the negligible or small flows at Ni I, Mg II k3 and C II line corresponding to upper photospheric and chromospheric emissions. Significant red-shifts (downflows) ranging from (1 to 7) km s−1 are observed at Si IV (1393.78 Å; log(T/K) = 4.8) which is found to be consistent with the existing results regarding dynamical loop systems and moss regions. Such downflows agree well with the impulsive heating mechanism reported earlier.
Wildfire switches the typical understanding of boreal peatland methane emissions
Authors: Davidson Scott J. , Van Beest Christine , Petrone Richard , Strack Maria
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Boreal peatlands represent a globally important store of carbon, and disturbances such as wildfire can have a negative feedback to the climate. Understanding how carbon exchange and greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics are impacted after a wildfire is important, especially as boreal peatlands may be vulnerable to changes in wildfire regime under a rapidly changing climate. Yet, given this vulnerability, there is very little in the literature on the impact such fires have on methane (CH4) emissions. This study investigated the effect of wildfire on CH4 emissions at a boreal fen near Fort McMurray, AB, Canada, that was partially burned by the Horse River Wildfire in 2016. We measured CH4 emissions and environmental variables (2017–2018) and CH4 production potential (2018) in two different microform types (hummocks and hollows) across a burn severity gradient (unburned (UB), moderately burned (MB) and severely burned (SB)). Results indicated a switch in the typical understanding of boreal peatland CH4 emissions. For example, emissions were much lower in the MB and SB hollows in both years compared to UB hollows. Interestingly, across the burned sites, hummocks had higher fluxes in 2017 than hollows at the MB and SB sites. We found typically higher emissions at the UB site where the water table was close to the surface. However, at the burned sites, no relationship was found between CH4 emissions and water table, even under similar hydrological conditions. This further strengthens the argument on the overriding influence of fire. There was also significantly higher CH4 production potential from the UB site than the burned sites. The reduction in CH4 emissions and production in the hollows at burned sites highlights the sensitivity of hollows to fire, removing labile organic material for potential methanogenesis. The previously demonstrated resistance of hummocks to fire also results in limited impact to CH4 emissions and likely faster recovery to pre-fire rates. Given the potential initial net cooling effect resulting from a reduction in CH4 emissions, it is important that the radiative effect of all GHG following wildfire across peatlands is taken into account.
Microbial dormancy and its impacts on Arctic terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget
Authors: Zha Junrong , Zhuang Qianlai
Published: May 2019

Abstract. A large amount of soil carbon in the Arctic terrestrial ecosystems could be emitted as greenhouse gases in a warming future. However, lacking detailed microbial processes such as microbial dormancy in current biogeochemistry models might have biased the quantification of the regional carbon dynamics. Here the effect of microbial dormancy was incorporated into a biogeochemistry model to improve the quantification for the last and this century. Compared with the previous model without considering the microbial dormancy, the new model estimated the regional soils stored 75.9 Pg more C in the terrestrial ecosystems during the last century, and will store 50.4 Pg and 125.2 Pg more C under the RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 scenarios, respectively, in this century. This study highlights the importance of the representation of microbial dormancy in earth system models to adequately quantify the carbon dynamics in the Arctic.
Sea-level fingerprints emergent from GRACE mission data
Authors: Adhikari Surendra , Ivins Erik R. , Frederikse Thomas , Landerer Felix W. , Caron Lambert
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission data have an
important, if not revolutionary, impact on how scientists quantify the water
transport on the Earth's surface. The transport phenomena include land
hydrology, physical oceanography, atmospheric moisture flux, and global
cryospheric mass balance. The mass transport observed by the satellite system
also includes solid Earth motions caused by, for example, great subduction
zone earthquakes and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) processes. When
coupled with altimetry, these space gravimetry data provide a powerful
framework for studying climate-related changes on decadal timescales, such as
ice mass loss and sea-level rise. As the changes in the latter are
significant over the past two decades, there is a concomitant self-attraction
and loading phenomenon generating ancillary changes in gravity, sea surface,
and solid Earth deformation. These generate a finite signal in GRACE and
ocean altimetry, and it may often be desirable to isolate and remove them for
the purpose of understanding, for example, ocean circulation changes and
post-seismic viscoelastic mantle flow, or GIA, occurring beneath the
seafloor. Here we perform a systematic calculation of sea-level fingerprints
of on-land water mass changes using monthly Release-06 GRACE Level-2 Stokes
coefficients for the span April 2002 to August 2016, which result in a set of
solutions for the time-varying geoid, sea-surface height, and vertical
bedrock motion. We provide both spherical harmonic coefficients and spatial
maps of these global field variables and uncertainties therein
(https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/8UC8IR; Adhikari et al., 2019). Solutions are provided
for three official GRACE data processing centers, namely the University of
Texas Austin's Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam
(GFZ), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), with and without rotational
feedback included and in both the center-of-mass and center-of-figure
reference frames. These data may be applied for either study of the fields
themselves or as fundamental filter components for the analysis of
ocean-circulation- and earthquake-related fields or for improving ocean tide
models.
Modelling of shallow water table dynamics using conceptual and physically based integrated surface-water–groundwater hydrologic models
Authors: Bizhanimanzar Mohammad , Leconte Robert , Nuth Mathieu
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We present a new conceptual scheme of the interaction
between unsaturated and saturated zones of the MOBIDIC (MOdello Bilancio
Idrologico DIstributo e Continuo) hydrological model which is applicable to
shallow water table conditions. First, MODFLOW was coupled to MOBIDIC as the
physically based alternative to the conceptual groundwater component of the
MOBIDIC–MODFLOW. Then, assuming a hydrostatic equilibrium moisture profile
in the unsaturated zone, a dynamic specific
yield that is dependent on the water table level was added to MOBIDIC–MODFLOW, and calculation of the groundwater
recharge in MOBIDIC was revisited using a power-type equation based on
the infiltration rate, soil moisture deficit, and a calibration parameter linked
to the initial water table depth, soil type, and rainfall intensity. Using
the water table fluctuation (WTF) method for a homogeneous soil column, the
parameter of the proposed groundwater recharge equation was determined for
four soil types, i.e. sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam under a pulse of
rain with different intensities. The fidelity of the introduced
modifications in MOBIDIC–MODFLOW was assessed by comparison of the simulated
water tables against those of MIKE SHE, a physically based integrated
hydrological modelling system simulating surface and groundwater flow, in
two numerical experiments: a two-dimensional case of a hypothetical
watershed in a vertical plane (constant slope) under a 1 cm d−1 uniform
rainfall rate and a quasi-real three-dimensional watershed under 1 month
of a measured daily rainfall hyetograph. The comparative analysis confirmed
that the simplified approach can mimic simple and complex groundwater
systems with an acceptable level of accuracy. In addition, the computational
efficiency of the proposed approach (MIKE SHE took 180 times longer to solve
the three-dimensional case than the MOBIDIC–MODFLOW framework) demonstrates its
applicability to real catchment case studies.
AUTOMATIC MUCOUS GLANDS SEGMENTATION IN HISTOLOGICAL IMAGES
Authors: Khvostikov A. , Krylov A. , Mikhailov I. , Kharlova O. , Oleynikova N. , Malkov P.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Mucous glands is an important diagnostic element in digestive pathology. The first step of differential diagnosis of colon polyps in order to assess their malignant potential is gland segmentation. The process of mucous glands segmentation is challenging as the glands not only needed to be separated from a background but also individually identified to obtain reliable morphometric criteria for quantitative diagnostic methods. We propose a new convolutional neural network for mucous gland segmentation that takes into account glands’ contours and can be used for gland instance segmentation. Training and evaluation of the network was performed on a standard Warwick-QU dataset as well as on the collected PATH-DT-MSU dataset of histological images obtained from hematoxylin and eosin staining of paraffin sections of colon biopsy material collected by our Pathology department. The collected PATH-DT-MSU dataset will be available at http://imaging.cs.msu.ru/en/research/histology.
A SKELETON FEATURES-BASED FALL DETECTION USING MICROSOFT KINECT V2 WITH ONE CLASS-CLASSIFIER OUTLIER REMOVAL
Authors: Seredin O. S. , Kopylov A. V. , Huang S.-C. , Rodionov D. S.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The real-time and robust fall detection is one of the key components of elderly people care and monitoring systems. Depth sensors, as they became more available, occupy an increasing place in event recognition systems. Some of them can directly produce a skeletal description of the human figure for compact representation of a person’s posture. Skeleton description makes the output of source video or detailed information about the depth outside the system unnecessary and raises the privacy of the entire system. Based on a comparative study of different RGB-D cameras, the most promising model for further development was chosen - Microsoft Kinect v2. The TST Fall Detection Dataset v2 is used here as a base for experiments. The proposed algorithm is based on the skeleton features encoding on the sequence of neighboring frames and support vector machine classifier. A version of a cumulative sum method is applied for combining the individual decisions on the consecutive frames. It is offered to use the one-class classifier for detection of low-quality skeletons. The 0.958 accuracy of our fall detection procedure was obtained in the cross-validation procedure based on the removal of records of a particular person from the database (Leave-one-Person-out).
Fault interpretation in a vertically exaggerated seismic section: evidence of conceptual model uncertainty and anchoring
Authors: Alcalde Juan , Bond Clare E. , Johnson Gareth , Kloppenburg Armelle , Ferrer Oriol , Bell Rebecca , Ayarza Puy
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The use of conceptual models is essential in the interpretation of reflection seismic data. It allows interpreters to make geological sense of seismic data which carries inherent uncertainty. However, conceptual models can create powerful anchors that prevent interpreters from reassessing and adapting their interpretations as part of the interpretation process, which can subsequently lead to flawed or erroneous outcomes. It is therefore critical to understand how conceptual models are generated and applied to reduce unwanted effects in interpretation results. Here we have tested how interpretation of vertically exaggerated seismic data influenced the creation and adoption of the conceptual models of 160 participants in a paper-based interpretation experiment. Participants were asked to interpret a series of faults and a horizon, off-set by those faults, in a seismic section. The seismic section was randomly presented to the participants with different horizontal-vertical exaggeration (1 : 4 or 1 : 2). Statistical analysis of the results indicates that early anchoring to specific conceptual models had the most impact on interpretation outcome; with the degree of vertical exaggeration having a subdued influence. Three different conceptual models were adopted by participants, constrained by initial observations of the seismic data. Interpreted fault dip angles show no evidence of other constraint (e.g. from the application of accepted fault dip models). Our results provide evidence of biases in interpretation of uncertain geological and geophysical data, including the use of heuristics to form initial conceptual models and anchoring to these models, confirming the need for increased understanding and mitigation of these biases to improve interpretation outcomes.
Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak layer failure –
Part II: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered
anticracks
Authors: Rosendahl Philipp L. , Weißgraeber Philipp
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Using the analytical model presented in part I of this two-part paper, a new conceptual understanding of anticrack nucleation in weak layers is proposed. To obtain a sufficient condition for onset of failure two necessary conditions must be satisfied simultaneously: i) The weak layer must be overloaded in terms of stress and ii) the initiating crack must release enough energy for the formation of new surfaces. This so-called coupled criterion was proposed by Leguillon (2002) [Eur J Mech-A Solid, 21(1), 61–72, 2002]. No assumptions on initial defects within the weak layer are needed. Instead, the failure criterion provides both critical loading and the size of initiating cracks. It only requires the fundamental material properties strength and fracture toughness as inputs. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation are covered by a single criterion containing both a strength-of-materials and a fracture mechanics condition. Analyses of skier-loaded snowpacks show the impact of slab thickness and slope angle on critical loading and crack initiation length. In the limit cases of very thick slabs and and very steep slopes we obtain natural avalanche release. A discussion of different mixed-mode stress and energy criteria reveals that a wrong choice of mixed-mode hypotheses can yield unphysical results. The effect of material parameters such as density and compliance on weak layer collapse is illustrated. The framework presented in this two-part series harnesses the efficiency of closed-form solutions to provide fast and physically sound predictions of critical snowpack loads using a new conceptual understanding of mixed-mode weak layer failure. It emphasized the importance of both stress and energy in avalanche release.
Personas refugiadas, migrantes y desplazadas en la frontera Sur. Estudio comparado del tratamiento periodístico en siete países de la Unión Europa
Authors: De Frutos García Ruth , Vicente-Mariño Miguel
Published: May 2019

El artículo estudia la imagen de las personas en movimiento (refugiadas, migrantes y desplazadas) en siete países de la frontera sur de la Unión Europea en 2015 y 2016, período en el que se incrementó el flujo migratorio al haber un cambio en las rutas. El objetivo de esa investigación es comparar cómo se ha tratado el mayor éxodo de personas que ha llegado a Europa desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial por medios de comunicación de Bulgaria, Chipre, Grecia, Malta, Italia, Polonia y España. Para ello, se han analizado el contenido de 749 piezas periodísticas. Los resultados del estudio identifican deficiencias en el tratamiento informativo sobre migración y refugio en los medios analizados, con escasa contextualización y un seguimiento irregular e intermitente de este tipo de temáticas.
Periodistas, medios y sistema social: relaciones que conducen hacia la desprofesionalización de la prensa en Cuba
Authors: Molina Rodríguez Linnet
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo caracteriza situaciones típicas de los entornos laborales actuales del periodismo cubano, identificando la ocurrencia de un fenómeno aquí definido como desprofesionalización de la prensa. A partir de la sistematización teórica de investigaciones realizadas en Cuba entre 2012 y 2017 sobre la cultura profesional de los periodistas y su relación con la construcción de la noticia, se determina cómo la práctica periodística aparece viciada por procesos internos y externos a los medios, los cuales son descritos atendiendo a tres premisas fundamentales: la presencia de hábitos y prácticas obsoletas de trabajo, limitaciones en la concepción y uso de las tecnologías digitales de la información y la concepción instrumentalista de la prensa por parte de las instituciones del sistema político y la sociedad civil.
Names and Their Doubles: Shifting Signifiers in Pinter's Plays
Authors: Bailar Melissa Ann
Published: May 2019

Several of Pinter's plays incorporate multiple names for a single character, a single name for multiple characters, or names that appear across disparate works. These multiplying and collapsing signifiers recall repressed past identities and contribute to the uncanny sense of Pinter's plays. The Room erodes Rose's integrity through challenges to the names she calls her husband, the landlord, and even herself, while in The Lover the ominous splitting and reunification of the husband and his alter ego invoke the Freudian doppelganger. The boy Nicky, at first a victim, also threatens to become a double of the torturer Nicolas in One for the Road. When name repetition occurs across multiple plays, the signifiers carry their previous malice, becoming hysterical symptoms of a repressed trauma. Pinter implicates the reader or viewer's familiarity with his works to extend the uncanniness of his oeuvre beyond the confines of the page, stage, and diegetic realm.
PERFIL DE USUÁRIOS E FAMILIARES DE SERVIÇO PSIQUIÁTRICO DE CABO VERDE – ÁFRICA
Authors: Moniz Ana Suzete Baessa , Silva Mara Regina Santos da , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Lourenção Luciano Garcia
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil dos usuários do Hospital Psiquiátrico Extensão Trindade, em Cabo Verde, África, e caracterizar o perfil das famílias destes usuários.Método: estudo descritivo, realizado em 2016, com 100 pessoas que estiveram internadas no serviço de psiquiatria, no período de 2010 a 2015, e 30 famílias selecionadas aleatoriamente. Dados coletados no hospital psiquiátrico (prontuários) e no domicílio (entrevista), analisados de forma descritiva.Resultados: 67% de usuários do sexo masculino, 82% solteiros e 87% tiveram de uma a dez reinternações hospitalares; 90% de familiares do sexo feminino, 43,3% mães e 73,3% não sabiam qual era o transtorno mental do familiar.Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar o perfil das famílias e dos usuários do serviço de psiquiatria em Cabo Verde, Ilha de Santiago, contribuindo para o direcionamento de estratégias no cuidado de enfermagem às famílias e à pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, após a alta hospitalar.
n. 14 - POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DA SEDUC/AM: OFERTA E ACESSO DOS PROFESSORES AOS CURSOS DE 40 HORAS
Authors: De Souza Elisabeth Gonçalves , Vinente Santarém Estrela Dinamar , Quiossa Amanda Sangy
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo era investigar os fatores que dificultaram o acesso dos professores de municípios do interior do estado do Amazonas  aos cursos de 40 horas oferecidos como parte das políticas públicas de formação docente da Secretaria de  Educação do Amazonas. Nos baseamos em Nóvoa (2009), Tardif (2010), Pimenta (1999), Saviani (1996), Imbernón (2009) e Romanowski (2007). Utilizamos como metodologia o estudo de caso. O estudo evidencia a necessidade de implementação de ações que garantam o acesso dos professores aos cursos de formação continuada.Palavras-Chave: Políticas públicas - Formação Continuada – Previsão e oferta de cursos
Optimisation of Organic Solvent Mediated Solubilisation of Apple Pomace Polyphenolic Compounds Using Response Surface Methodologies
Authors: Ibrahim Salis , Santos Regina , Bowra Steve
Published: May 2019

Polyphenolic compounds extraction from industrial apple pomace was optimised by applying design of experiments (DoE) and surface response methodology using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The degree solubilisation and the yield of total phenolic content from the apple pomace using organic solvents was shown to be influenced by process parameters including solvent type, solvent concentration, temperature, apple pomace to solvent ratio, and extraction time (residency time). Optimal conditions of extracting phenolic compounds were as follows: acetone concentration, 65 % (v/v); solid to solvent ratio 1 %; extraction time 30 minutes and temperature 60oC. Optimum condition for solubilisation was as follows: acetone concentration 78 % (v/v); solid to solvent ratio 4.7 %; extraction time 54 minutes and temperature 21oC. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content and solubilisation were 21.70 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g dw and 19.20 ± 0.1g/100g of the dried apple pomace respectively and largely agreed with those predicted by the Stat-Ease software. Independent variables for optimisation of total phenolic content and solubilisation were completely different. The reverse phase HPLC analysis of the extract revealed the major polyphenolic compounds were chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2, caffeic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside and phloridzin.
Revisiting the Effects of Blog-Aided Language Learning on EFL Student Writers: A Corpus Approach
Authors: Lee Jia-Ying , Lin Ming Huei
Published: May 2019

Taking a corpus approach, this study analyzed writing samples collected from student bloggers and non-blogging students. The aim was to determine whether the two groups of students wrote with different linguistic features (tokens, types, token-type ratio, parts of speech, and lexical features). Any similarities and differences found in the comparison between the writing samples would have implications for the effects of the blogging approach on student writers. The results show that the non-blogging student writers wrote more (tokens, types) than the student bloggers did; there were also differences between the two groups of students writing in terms of POS tags in their writing and the results of keyword analysis. However, a closer look at the differences found here suggests no particularly significant variations between the textual information created by the two groups of students. Nevertheless, taken together, the results tend to suggest that classroom blogging had a relatively weaker effect than the conventional teaching approach on Taiwanese EFL student writers.
Intertextuality as a Catalyst for Ideology Formation: A Study of Media Discourse Dynamics
Authors: Qayyum Najma
Published: May 2019

This article investigates how intertextuality in media discourse works as an ideological catalyst. It explores how discursivity and intertextuality in media discourse permeate all levels of society and shape the social and political ideologies of the readers. Media discourse producers are both politicians and reporters. The article investigates how they use language as a manipulating tool. The article also discovers how intertextuality is created in media discourse by clipping specific linguistic elements of different discourses and then forging them together for effect. Four Pakistani English daily newspapers have been analyzed which were selected through non-probability sampling method. The study is qualitative in nature and spreads over six months that is from March 2013 to August 2013. The tenets of critical discourse analysis (CDA) were employed as the main research tool. For understanding the linguistic aspects, Fairclough’s (1995) idea of texts and genres was used and for interpreting the contextual use of language, Halliday’s ideas of field, tenor and mode were incorporated. The analyses revealed how politicians as well as reporters instill tacit ideas into the minds of their addressees which blur and downplay their thinking pattern and entice them to think and behave the way these discourse producers want them to.
Random Attractor Family for a Class of Stochastic Higher-Order Kirchhoff Equations
Authors: Lin Guoguang , Guan Liping
Published: May 2019

A class of stochastic dynamical systems with strong damped stochastic higher order Kirchhoff equation solutions with white noise is studied. Firstly, the equation is transformed into a stochastic equation with random variables as parameters and without noise by using Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Secondly, the bounded stochastic absorption set is obtained by estimating the solution of the equation. Finally, the stochastic dynamical system is obtained by using the isomorphic mapping method and the compact embedding theorem. It is progressively compact, thus proving the existence of random attractors.
Spór kompetencyjny Ministra Cyfryzacji oraz Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Danych Osobowych na podstawie art. 33 Prawa przedsiębiorców
Authors: Kaczyńska-Kral Agata M.
Published: May 2019

On the basis of the Polish law of entrepreneurs, a competency dispute arose between the Minister of Digitization and the President of the Office of Personal Data Protection. Both authorities deem it appropriate to interpret GDPR. The Minister of Digitization believes that he is authorized because of the rights to create a policy in the field of personal data protection. The President of the Office for Personal Data Protection believes that he is authorized as a supervisory body according to GDRP and the competent authority for the protection of personal data. Due to the fact that the GDPR is an act of a higher rank than the Polish law, it is necessary to admit to the supervisory body that it is the only person entitled to a binding interpretation of GDPR regulations.
Z problematyki statusu prawnego polskich organów regulacyjnych: uwagi doktrynalne i prawnoporównawcze
Authors: Mańka Dariusz
Published: May 2019

Regulatory authorities are a relatively new phenomenon in the system of Polish public administration, which is still an area of vivid discussion, especially among representatives of administrative law theory. The aim of this paper is to study regulatory authorities through the prism of political and legal doctrines that determine certain normative solutions, and to outline some aspects of the problem from a comparative perspective, which seems valuable for a more complete understanding of the essence of the discussed institutions. The article begins with general comments on regulators in the Polish legal system. Subsequent passages of the text were devoted to presentation of the discussed institution in the context of some political and legal doctrines, as well as comparative and legal considerations.
Wyzwania wobec migracji zarobkowej ‒ problematyka zatrudnienia cudzoziemców w Polsce
Authors: Piętka Marta
Published: May 2019

When considering the problem of employing foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Poland, the analysis of the issue should be focused on legal regulations built on the provisions of the Act of 12 December 2013 on foreigners and the Act of 20 April 2004 on the promotion of employment and labor market institutions.
The first legal act after returning to sovereignty in 1918 regulating the admission of foreigners to the Polish labor market was the regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland of June 4, 1927 on the protection of the labor market. Since then, legal acts regulating the employment of foreigners in the territory of the Republic have undergone significant changes. In Polish legislation, significant changes have been made to the provisions on the employment of foreigners, taking into account the need to facilitate access to the Polish labor market. The most important modifications in this respect include: abolition of the two-stage procedure for applying for a work permit, reforming the mechanism of the so-called labor market test, simplifying the procedure of changing the place of work by a foreigner or changing positions, simplifying forms, limiting the number of documents required, creating the possibility of issuing a permit for a longer period, defining clear rules of the employer’s liability. The publication discusses the current procedure for the employment of foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Poland including the revisions of legal norms regulating the issue of entrusting work to foreigners. Labor migration is again an important problem, not only european but also international, becoming the subject of intense discussions. The issue of employing foreigners in Poland has also become even more important. The labor migration process plays an important role in maintaining the balance on the labor market. The priority is to increase the employment rate, promote stable forms of employment and at the same time flexible methods of organizing and providing work.
Projekt polskiego prawa kosmicznego – regulacja na miarę XXI wieku?
Authors: Piotrowski Maciej
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is to present the provisions of the draft Act of 10 July 2017 on space activities and the National Register of Space Objects, adopted by the Ministry of Development and Finance, in the context of solutions adopted in selected European countries and in international public law in the era of the development of the space sector (New Space). The main research hypothesis is the question whether the proposed legal regulation constitutes a solution meeting the challenges of the 21st century.
The proposed regulations have been analysed in detail in terms of the rules of licensing of space activities, the registration of space objects and liability for damage inflicted by them, as well as in terms of third party insurance with reference to solutions adopted in France, Finland and Holland and the international standard. The formaldoctrinal method and the comparative law method have been applied in the analysis. The conclusion contains the assessment of the Polish space law provisions under analysis, which have been found to be in principle correct and relatively coherent. It has been stressed that, in general, the assumptions of the Polish draft act comply with the international law standard and the legal regulations of selected European countries. Nevertheless, the absence of regulations concerning, for example, the issue of suborbital space flights or space mining, and insufficient regulations concerning the protection of space environment (space debris) have been evaluated critically. A thesis is presented in the conclusion whereby, despite the deficiencies noted, the Polish draft space law is a real answer of the lawmaker to the challenges involved in the development of the space market and is a regulation appropriate for the 21st century.
Spór o Trybunał Konstytucyjny – geneza i istota problemu, skutki, scenariusze na przyszłość
Authors: Roszkiewicz Janusz
Published: May 2019

The dispute over the Constitutional Tribunal is primarily of a personal nature and concerns two issues: 1) the legality of choosing three people for the position of judge of the Constitutional Tribunal: Mariusz Muszyński, Jaroslaw Wyrembak and Justyn Piskorski; 2) the legality of the appointment of the judge of the Tribunal Julia Przyłębska to the post of the President of the Constitutional Tribunal. This article consists of a descriptive part summarizing the basic facts and arguments brought up by both parties to the dispute in the legal discussion, and a prognosis presenting four alternative scenarios for ending the dispute over the Constitutional Tribunal in 2019–2024 or later.
Konsekwencje naruszenia prawa pierwokupu lub prawa pierwszeństwa nabycia praw udziałowych
Authors: Seroczyńska Dorota
Published: May 2019

Determination of the legal consequences of transfer of shares performed with violation of the pre-emptive right or right of first refusal raises serious controversy in Polish jurisprudence and legal doctrine. This article concludes that if these kind of restrictions on transferability of shares are stipulated in the articles of association or statute of the company, their breach results in suspended ineffectiveness of such action against third parties. On the other hand, violation of the pre-emptive right or right of first refusal provided outside the company’s corporate act effects, in principle, in the inter partes consequences in the form of liability for damages. The complexity of the interpretation of relevant norms concerning the subject matter requires raising de lege ferenda postulate, the purpose of which is to facilitate the determination of the nature of pre-emptive right or right of first refusal on transfer of shares and the consequences of their infringement.
Futbol i filozofia prawa: gra albo kaprys sędziego
Authors: Sopiński Michał
Published: May 2019

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the analogy of law and game on the example of selected problems of contemporary theory and philosophy of law. The frames of this text are determined by the metaphor of the game, and in particular by the reference to football, because football has the feature of universality in the modern world. In the context of the relationship between the law and the game, the basic assumptions of the concept of H. L. A. Hart, R. Dworkin, A. Marmor, A. Hutchinson, J. Searle are introduced. Above all, however, the use of the metaphor of the game by H. L. A. Hart in „Concept of Law” is being described. Particular emphasis is placed on discussing the distinction he made between the game according to the rules and the game of „scorer’s discretion”. Considerations regarding this problem are supplemented with examples from the world of football.
Spółdzielcze własnościowe prawo do lokalu a prawo odrębnej własności lokalu. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość oraz perspektywa na kolejne 100 lat
Authors: Stępień Piotr
Published: May 2019

The article is a review of housing cooperative law in the last 100 years. The aim is to approximate one of the limited real rights contained in article 244 of the Civil Code, a cooperative ownership right to a flat. Indication of the most important changes in the cooperative ownership right to housing, made since the independence of Poland. Starting from the first Polish legal act on housing cooperatives, the act on cooperatives from 1920, passing to the Act of 17 February 1961 on cooperatives and their unions, then the Act of 16 September 1982 – Cooperative Law, as well as to the Act of 15 December 2000 on Housing cooperatives. The current provisions of the cooperative ownership right to the premises were presented, which were compared to a fully-fledged right which is the property right. The basic differences between these rights are approximated. The analysis of cooperative law is conducted from the point of view of the need for the existence of a cooperative ownership right to a flat.
Aggressive Judicial Review, Political Ideology, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Segall Eric J.
Published: May 2019

Od ponad stu pięćdziesięciu lat Sąd Najwyższy Stanów Zjednoczonych jest najpotężniejszym organem sądowniczym na świecie, złożonym z sędziów mianowanych na całe życie, którzy są uprawnieni do tego, aby podważać przepisy stanowe i federalne bez wyraźnego umocowania w tekście konstytucji lub w zwyczajach. Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na tym, jaka powinna być rola sędziów federalnych, nie pochodzących z wyborów. Autor argumentuje, że Sąd Najwyższy Stanów Zjednoczonych powinien zrobić krok do tyłu i oprzeć się bardziej na wyborcach oraz liderach pochodzących z wyborów. Mimo, że reforma strukturalna Sądu Najwyższego byłaby pomocna, to najbardziej potrzebne zmiany wymagałyby zmian tekstu konstytucji, a zatem są mało prawdopodobne do przeprowadzenia. Sędziowie powinni podjąć działania z większą pokorą i skromnością, a prawo zmieniać jedynie tam, gdzie istnieją mocne dowody wyraźnego błędu konstytucyjnego
Constitution, Judicial Review, and the Rule of Law in the Jurisprudence of Administrative Courts in Poland
Authors: Wiącek Marcin
Published: May 2019

W świetle art. 184 Konstytucji RP z 1997 r. sądy administracyjne zajmują się kontrolą legalności decyzji administracyjnych i innych aktów wydawanych przez organy administracji publicznej. Co więcej, sądy administracyjne kontrolują legalność, w tym konstytucyjność, tzw. aktów prawa miejscowego, o których mowa w art. 87 ust. 2 i art. 94 Konstytucji. Zgodnie z art. 8 ust. 2 Konstytucji: „Przepisy Konstytucji stosuje się bezpośrednio, chyba że Konstytucja stanowi inaczej”. Ta kompetencja konstytucyjna jest adresowana w szczególności do sądów. W praktyce sądy administracyjne stosują Konstytucję na trzy sposoby: 1) prokonstytucyjna wykładnia ustaw, 2) przedstawianie Trybunałowi Konstytucyjnemu tzw. pytań prawnych, 3) wydanie orzeczenia bezpośrednio na podstawie przepisu Konstytucji. Przepisem najczęściej stosowanym przez sądy administracyjne jest art. 2 Konstytucji, który stanowi, że „Rzeczpospolita Polska jest demokratycznym państwem prawnym (…)”. Artykuł koncentruje się na najważniejszych sprawach, w których została zastosowana zasada państwa prawnego. Sądy administracyjne, podobnie jak inne sądy i Trybunał Konstytucyjny, uznają zasadę państwa prawnego za źródło licznych zasad szczegółowych, np. zasady pewności prawa, zasady lex retro non agit, zasady lojalności państwa względem obywateli, zasady zaufania obywatela do państwa i stanowionego przez nie prawa czy zasady proporcjonalności. Każda z tych zasad była przywoływana w dużej liczbie wyroków sądów administracyjnych jako podstawa rozstrzygnięcia. To dowodzi, że Konstytucja, a w szczególności zasada państwa prawnego, jest jednym z instrumentów wykorzystywanych w codziennej pracy sędziów sądów administracyjnych.
A gestão democrática no contexto da legislação brasileira: lutas e embates para a democratização do ensino público
Authors: Pires Pierre André Garcia , Gonçalves Rafael Marques
Published: May 2019

Apresenta-se neste texto um breve histórico de lutas, avanços e conquistas nas principais legislações brasileiras em relação ao princípio da gestão democrática, revisitando, em alguns momentos, apenas artigos que a direcionam para leis posteriores, como a Constituição Federal de 1988: a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e os planos nacionais de educação: lei n. 10.172/2001 e a lei n. 13.005/2014. Assim como a democracia parte dos princípios de autonomia e liberdade, a gestão democrática também se refere a esses, passando a fazer parte das discussões e embates da educação.Palavras-chave: legislação educacional; gestão democrática; democratização.
O papel do coordenador pedagógico no contexto escolar e suas contribuições à prática docente
Authors: Silva Eliene Farias
Published: May 2019

Neste texto discute-se o papel do coordenador pedagógico no contexto escolar e de que maneira esse profissional contribui para a prática dos docentes. Foi utilizado o levantamento bibliográfico e realizada uma discussão teórica de cunho qualitativo por meio da exploração e confronto de teorias de pesquisadores dedicados no estudo acerca da gestão escolar, especialmente, da coordenação pedagógica. Concluiu-se que a função precípua do coordenador pedagógico é a de auxiliar os professores em sua didática, promovendo-lhes uma reflexão acerca de sua prática. Além disso, esse profissional deve oferecer aos professores momentos de formação continuada para que possam construir uma aprendizagem mútua e trabalhar os desafios apresentados no contexto escolar.Palavras-chave: coordenador pedagógico; escolar; prática docente.
Prises de vue clandestines comme exercice du (contre)pouvoir de l’art : Trevor Paglen et Mohamed Bourouissa reprennent le contrôle du visible
Authors: Gattinger Katrin
Published: May 2019

L’article soulève le potentiel subversif de démarches artistiques contemporaines qui se positionnent face à la domination du regard et de la production d’images en visant des territoires invisibles, inaccessibles ou interdits. À travers les analyses de deux projets artistiques réalisés illégalement en prison — Temps mort de Mohamed Bourouissa et Recording Carceral Landscapes de Trevor Paglen — et de plusieurs séries photographiques de Trevor Paglen investiguant sur des secrets de l’armée américaine ou sur les câbles Internet transatlantiques, l’auteure présente les modes opératoires et les enjeux de telles représentations « volées ». Aux yeux de l’auteure, si ces oeuvres dévoilent des vues inédites, elles le font pour inviter à penser différemment le réel et exemplifier des possibilités de résistance menées de l’intérieur de la société du contrôle.
Storing Authenticity at the Surface and into the Depths: Securing Paper with Human- and Machine-Readable Devices1
Authors: Kaminska Aleksandra
Published: May 2019

This article examines the media technologies that mark paper as authentic. Using the examples of passports and paper banknotes, it considers the security features (e.g. graphic marks, holographs, chips) that do the work of reliably storing, protecting, and communicating authenticity across both space and time. These overt and covert authentication devices are examined in two interconnected ways: 1) as technologies with specific temporal conditions, constrained both by technical longevity and functional lifespan; and 2) as technologies that must be continuously reinvented to outpace counterfeiters and forgers. Together, these attributes have led to strategies of concealment that shift authentication from a human-legible activity at the perceptible surface to one that is concealed in the depths of machine readability. While this adds a level of security, it is also an example of how the material environment becomes rich in information that is inaccessible to human processing.
La réception d’un rêve. David Hackett Fischer au Québec et dans les francophonies nord-américaines*
Authors: Pâquet1 Martin
Published: May 2019

Publié aux éditions du Boréal, Le Rêve de Champlain de David Hackett Fischer est considéré comme un best-seller dans le marché du livre en français au Québec et en Amérique du Nord francophone. Selon l’éditeur, plus de 20 000 exemplaires de cette biographie historique auraient été vendus. Dans le cadre du marché du livre de langue française, comment un tel succès d’édition a-t-il pu se produire ? Deux dimensions en font un best-seller historique. La première est celle de l’oeuvre elle-même, une oeuvre qui, par la mobilisation des ressources de l’auteur et de l’éditeur, constitue un dispositif efficace. La seconde dimension relève du contexte de réception du livre, un contexte qui renvoie à l’écosystème du livre – son économie du tirage et ses milieux de lecture –, aux étapes de sa diffusion et aux enjeux mémoriels et politiques des sociétés francophones d’Amérique du Nord.
Claude-Henri Grignon et les droites radicales françaises de l’entre-deux-guerres : influences et échanges*
Authors: Hotte1 Ghyslain
Published: May 2019

L’influence des droites radicales françaises sur le Canada français a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux avec, en toile de fond, la question controversée de la réception et des usages du maurrassisme dans les milieux canadiens-français. Cependant, les historiens se sont surtout intéressés aux membres des réseaux intellectuels et des cercles littéraires, le plus souvent issus de la bourgeoisie urbaine, de la presse à grand tirage ou des professions libérales. Par conséquent, cet article se penche sur les liens privilégiés qu’entretenait Claude-Henri Grignon (1894-1976), décrocheur scolaire, ex-détenu de la Prison de Bordeaux et pamphlétaire autodidacte du nord des Laurentides, avec René Benjamin (1885-1948), écrivain prolifique, militant de l’Action française et proche collaborateur de Charles Maurras. Cette recherche nous apportera un éclairage inédit sur un cas particulier d’influences littéraires et idéologiques entre la France et le Canada français hormis les cercles montréalais près de l’abbé Lionel Groulx ou de L’Action française de Montréal.