bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Friedman on Arabs in Israeli literature
Authors: Van Rooy H. F.
Published: May 2013

Benjamin Friedman was working on a thesis for his doctorate at the University of Potchefstroom when he passed away in 1979. He was immensely interested in the way the Israeli Hebrew writers pictured the Arabs in their fiction and had done a massive amount of research when he died. He was therefore unable to complete his research and to present his views in a complete study. He did, however, leave a manuscript which reflected his research and conclusions. This was edited by his family' and the University of Potchefstroom gave recognition to his work by awarding him the degree M.A. posthumously. The writer of this paper added a chapter to Mr . Friedman’s manuscript, summarising his main views on the topic. Menahem D. Rotshtein’s paper on this same subject prompted me to present Benjamin Friedman’s view on this important subject, in aid of further research and discussion.
Die plek van die vakdidaktiek by onderwysersopleiding
Authors: Seyffert M. C.A.
Published: May 2013

Vakdidaktiek worstel al bale jare lank om ’n regmatige pick in die son te kry. Dat die belang van vakdidaktieke die afgelope dekade deur sommige instansies ingesien is, kan seker aan die stigting van afsonderlike departemente vir vakdidaktieke binne die fakulteite van Opvoedkunde aan sommige universiteite toegeskryl word, ’n Onlangse vakdidaktieksimposium deur die Departement Didaktiek en Vergelykende Opvoedkunde van UNISA wat denr vakdidaklici vanoor die hele land en buurstate bygewoon is, het die miskende deelwelenskap van die Opvoedkunde permanent op die kaart geplaas, Waarom dan die nuwe belangstelling in die vakdidaktieke?
Iets oor sprekersempatie: ’n Funksionele beskouing
Authors: Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

Empatie, sê Kuno (1975:49), kan beskryf word as: “the speakers’ identification, in various degrees, with the referent of a participant in an event” . As ’n mens dié stelling as waar sou aanvaar, kan die term empatie uitgebrei word sodat dit ook die volgende insluit: empatie kan beskryf word as die spreker se identifikasie met die referent van ’n objek in ’n sin waarin die spreker die onbekende lakaliteit van ’n objek beskryf in terme van die lokaliteit van ’n ander objek.
Drama and world view revisited
Authors: Combrink A. L.
Published: May 2013

Within the British tradition of literary criticism, and then more specifically the Formalist tradition of the post-war years, the idea of value judgement implied by the appellation Christian (or by the use of the concept of world view within the confines of an essay in literary criticism) would seem to be positively repugnant. The use of any criterion in literary criticism that deals with philosophical concepts has to be very carefully considered.
Volks- en kloosterprediking in die vroeë Middeleeue
Authors: Van der Walt A. G.P.
Published: May 2013

Die geskiedenis van Christelike prediking in die Latynse Middeleeue is in verskeie opsigte ’n massiewe onderwerp. Dit is omvangryk weens die geweldige volume van nagelate Latynse preke. Selfs al word die nagelate preke van die laat-Klassieke Kerkvaders Ambrosius, Hieronymus en Augustinus buite rekening gelaat, bly daar nog steeds ’n corpus van Latynse preke oor wat oor ’n tydperk van meer as ’n duisend jaar strek.
Auslautsverhärtung in Duits: die implikasies daarvan vir vreemdetaalonderwys
Authors: Wissing D. P.
Published: May 2013

In hierdie stuk sal kortliks gekyk word na ’n baie bekende probleem, die sogenaam de auslautsverhärtung, wat Duitssprekendes met Engels as vreemdetaal ondervind. Hiermee wil veral geïllustreer word dat ’n deeglike taalwetenskaplike kennis onontbeerlik is vir die onderwyser/dosent van enige vreemde taal; die implikasies daarvan is dus nie net beperk tot die Engels:Duitse situasie nie.
Die hulpwerkwoord in Tswana
Authors: Kruger C. J.H.
Published: May 2013

Daar het al heelwat bydraes in die Bantoetaalkundige literatuur oor hierdie onderwerp verskyn wat egter hier nie genoem sal word nie. Wat Tswana in die besonder betref, is daar veral Cole (1) en Swanepoel (2) se werk waaruit meestal deur Tswana-grammatici geput word. In hierdie kort bydrae sal slegs een enkele aspek aangeraak word, nl. ’n poging tot ’n klassifikasie van hulpwerkwoorde wat uit die aard van die saak ook nie in diepte behandel kan word nie. Verder is ook geen kritiese bespreking gegee van die bestaande bydraes oor hierdie onderwerp nie.
Literatur - das ewige Enigma
Authors: Kuschke G. F.T.
Published: May 2013

In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten sind dieselben literaturwissenschaftlichen und literar-kritischen Streitpunkte immer wieder und erneut unter die Lupe genommen worden. Der umfassende, enigmatische Brennpunkt der Diskussion scheint lokalisiert zu sein in dem Begriff ‘Literatur’.
Contrastive analysis and its relevance to language teaching
Authors: Jansen van Rensburg R. C.
Published: May 2013

In the course of learning a second language, learners regularly produce utterances in speech and writing which judged by the rules of the second language are erroneous, or ill-formed. Traditionally the attitude to errors was that they were an indication of the difficulties that the learners had with certain aspects of the language, which could be explained by the persistence of the habits of the mother tongue and their transfer to the new language (Lado, 1957). Errors were the result of interference and in an ideal teaching situation could be avoided. From this notion has developed the whole industry of “contrastive linguistics”, with research projects and regular publications of results in a number of countries, including South Africa.
Gehalt, Struktur und religiöse Haltung in Novalis’ Hymnen an die Nacht
Authors: Van der Berg B. H.J.
Published: May 2013

Das Künstlertum steht für Novalis über dem Menschentum, insofern nur der Künstler zur Verabsolutierung des Ästhetischen zu gelangen vermag.
Teoretiese benaderings van die letterkunde in die jare tagtig
Authors: Van Coller H. P.
Published: May 2013

In ’n onlangse uitgawe van die bekende tydskrif New Literary History (Volume XIV, Herfs 1982), word meer as 200 bladsye gewy aan die probleme rondom literêre betekenis (“meaning”). Ná ’n lees daarvan dring die besef deur dat in veel gevalle verby mekaar gepraat is, nieteenstaande die feit dat al die bydraers uit dieselfde paradigma redeneer.
Taalhandeling en vooronderstelling
Authors: De Bruyn P. S.
Published: May 2013

Volgens die gangbare opvatting kan gesê word dat vooronderstellings te doen het met gedeelde kennis - kennis wat spreker en hoorder gemeenskaplik het ten tye van ’n uiting.
Aspekte van Karel Schoeman se Woordwereld
Authors: Minnaar L. C.
Published: May 2013

Karel Schoeman se woordkuns het ’n uitkenbare lekstuur. Tekstuur het in die letterlike sin te make met grofheid en fynheid, losheid en digtheid, eenvoud en gekompliseerdlieid van die patroon wat geweef word. Figuurlik toegepas op die woordkuns sal die tekstuur bepaal word deur ligte en swaar aksentuering, onder- en oorbeklemtoning, digtheid en ylheid van herlialings van die aksente; deu r die skerpte van kontras en deur die mate van gekompliseerdlieid van die struktuur van ’n woordkunswerk.
Resepsies van Catullus se Carmen XLIX
Authors: Swanepoel J.
Published: May 2013

Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84-c. 54 v.C.), die Romeinse digter wat veral bekend is vir sy verse aan sy geliefde Lesbia, het benewens liefdesgedigte ook ’n hele aantal verse geskryf waarin van sy lydgenote figureer. Hierdie gedigie wat aan spesifieke persone gerig is, is wyd uiteenlopend en die toon en strekking daarvan wissel van toegeneentheid en liefde enersyds (vgl. Carmen IX) tot felie invektief (Carmina CVIII, XCIII) en spot (Carmen LXXXIV) andersyds. Die leser kan gewoonlik maklik vasstel of hy in ’n gedig met vriend of vyand te doen liet. Maar daar is een uitsondering, en dit is Catullus se gedig aan die Romeinse staatsman, retor en skrywer, Marcus Tullius Cicero. Hierdie gedig, wat soos die meeste van Catullus se gedigte heel kort en kragtig is, is deur die eeue op uiteenlopende en botsende wyses geinterpreteer. Enersyds word dit beskou as ’n opregte dankbetuiging en lofprysing aan Cicero, terwyl ander lesers dit weer sien as ’n gedig wat ironies bedoel is.
Vokaalverplasing in die Afrikaans van die Griekwas van Griekwaland-Wes
Authors: Henning P. J.P.
Published: May 2013

Afrikaans is die totaal van al sy dialekte — Griekwa-afrikaans en Standaardafrikaans is maar twee voorbeelde daarvan. Chambers (1980:3) sê baie duidelik: “… a language is a collection of mutually intelligible dialects” . Hierdie definisie het die voordeel dat dit dialekte kan karakteriseer as subslandaarvorme van ’n taal en dit kan ook weer die kriterium wees om deur middel van vergelyking die variasies op te spoor.
Aspek en aktionsart in Die Tuiskoms van J. van Melle
Authors: Wijbenga D. M.
Published: May 2013

Soos in alle vertellings het ons hier met die verlede tc doen, of liewcr met ’n fiktiewe gewete verlede wat deur ’n skrywer by monde van ’n verteller aan ons oorgedra word. Daar is ’n verband tussen tydsuitdnikking en aspek, maar hierdie verskynsels is nie sinoniem nie. Tydsuitdrukking geskied vanuit ’n spesifieke deiktiese sentrum, en daarom hoef dit nie eksplisiet te wees nie. Hierteenoor is aspek waardeoordele wat oor die verloop van die gebeure gemaak word, en daarom word dit waar nodig eksplisiet weergegee.
Die rym in Jukstaposisie (T.T. Cloete) en die regverdiging van enkele fonologiese begrippe
Authors: Wissing D. P.
Published: May 2013

Die taalkundige hon daarvan om te kan se dat die goeie literator sonder taalkundige insigte geen volledige cn behoorlike teksanalise kan docn nie. Maar die situasic kan ook omgekeerd wees: die letterkunde (eintlik die woordkunswerk) kan ook vir die taalkunde van waarde wees. In hierdie stuk wil ek meer in die besonder probeer aantoon dat en hoe die taalkundige ook ondersteuning vir die invoering van bepaalde fonologiese begrippe uit die gedig kan vind. Vir die doel beperk ek my tot die bunde Jukstaposisie van T.T. Cloete.
Vervanging en aanverwante verskynsels in die poësie van Breyten Breytenbach
Authors: Lombard M.
Published: May 2013

Die leser word dikwcls getref deur Breyten Breytenbach se geniale taalvernuf; so geniaal dat dit vir die oningewyde dikwels ontoeganklik is. Breytenbach se poësie het blykbaar sy eie manier van kommunikasie, sy eie poëtiese logika. Een faset daarvan, en myns insiens van ingrypende belang vir die verstaan van sy poësie, is vervanging en aanverwante verskynsels.
Tipering van Wolf, wolf hoe laat is dit? (Hennie Aucamp)
Authors: Van der Merwe T.
Published: May 2013

Wanneer ’n abstraksie van die kenmerkc van die moderne kortverhaal gemaak word (’n genologiese begrensing dus), is kortheid, wat saamhang met enkelheid, die opvaliendste aspek. Hierdeur verkry die kortverhaal bowenal ’n hegte struktuur terwyl alle ander kenmerke van die kortverhaal ook wesentlik deur die kortheid beïnvloed word.
Aspekte van poëtiese taalgebruik: Teoretiese uiteensetting en toepassing aan die hand van Leon Strydom se gedig ‘Droogte’
Authors: Gräbe I.
Published: May 2013

In die kommunikasieproses van die poësie is dit nodig dat die leser kennis dra van die wyse waarop die taal in die gedig ontgin word. In vergelyking met standaardtaalgebruik is die taalaanw cnding binne die porsic dikwels ‘anders’.
Kommentaar op J. Swanepoel: Metateks
Authors: Kuschkc G. F.T.
Published: May 2013

In die voortsetting van die gesprek oor teoriegeoriënteerde metode sal in hierdie replick of by wyse van paragraafnommer of by wyse van ’n bladsynommer tussen hakies na Metateks van Swanepoel hierbo verwys word.
The avant-garde and Aesthetic Values
Authors: Pawlowski T.
Published: May 2013

Does it make sense to speak of aesthetic values in avant-garde art? Is not the very formulation of the them e tainted with contradiction? After all, avant-garde artists have postulated repeatedly, and quite unambiguously, that it is not their aim to create aesthetic values; we do not want to have anything to do with aesthetic values — they used to add contemptuously. The presence of aesthetic values in art depends on its definite features. Until recently many of them were unanimously looked upon as the constitutive properties of art. Yet, it was exactly the avant-garde that called in question nearly all properties regarded earlier as the specific features of art. Perhaps, then, the problem posed in the title falls not only because of the postulated neutral, or even anti-aesthetic, attitude of the avant-garde, but also because the avant-garde is not art at all?
‘Gaston Bachelard, half-way between science and the object’ (A matter of Bergsonian and Bachelardian judgement)
Authors: Marie C. P.
Published: May 2013

In a recent book published in Montreal, Bachelard ou le Concept Contre l'image, Jean-Pierre Roy suggests that idealists have in recent years attempted a recouping of Bachelard’s works in a way that would proceed from “a humanist ideology of literature” (1977, p.203) and he mentions Georges Poulet, Jean-Pierre Richard and Paul Ricoeur. Indeed he sees a rupture between Bachelard’s approach to works of art and his epistemology, which would place him in the camp of rigorous knowledge, and Jean-Pierre Roy refers to Barthes, Genette and Derrida (1977, p.219). The author of the book concludes that the poetics of Bachelard belong to a time which is anterior to that of his epistemology. This is of course a verdict which allows for the rejection of a mode of thinking which belongs to the past and which cannot be seen flourishing in the future channels of what Marxists hold as the sense of history.
Oor ’n Esbos, ’n panfluit en ’n bosjannetjie - ofte wel: Die ruimte in die kinderboek met verwysing na Waar is Pappa se panfluit? van Elsabe Steenberg
Authors: Greyling S. F.
Published: May 2013

Ten spyte van die feit dat ruimte saam met karakter en tyd as ’n basiese struktuurelement beskou word, merk Bal (1980:101) tereg op dat “weinig concepten uit de theorie van narratieve teksten zijn zo vanselfspreken, en tegelijkertijd zo vaak gebleven al het begrip ruimte". Onlangse studies toon egter 'n toenemende bewussyn van die belangrikheid en veeldoeligheid van ruimte en ruimtebeelding in die roman. Dit blyk dan ook uit die term ruimte wat al hoe meer gebruik word in plaas van plek, agtergrond, milieu, ens. Ruimte is ’n omvattende begrip wat konkrete sowel as abstrakte elemente van die verhaalwêreld akkomodeer (Smuts, 1983:13).
Afrikaanse Kinderlektuur as literatuur in ’n veelrassige samelewing
Authors: Tötemeyer A-J
Published: May 2013

Afrikaanse kinder- en jeugliteratuur is ’n genre wat tradisioneel sedert sy ontstaan deur blanke outeurs vir ’n blanke leserspubliek geskep is. Die snelle toename in geletterdheid van die gekleurde en ook swart lae van die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing hoop hedendaagse skrywers egter om literatuur vir 'n gemengde teikengroep te konsipieer. Dit het dus nodig geword om ernstig te besin òf en hoe Afrikaanse kinder- en jeugliteratuur die gekleurde kind en ook die swart kind wat Afrikaans as 'n tweede of derde taal lees, aanspreek. Daar moet gevra word of die beeld van die swarte in die Afrikaanse kinder- en jeugliteratuur die swart/bruin kind se selfbeeld opbou. Maak dit horn trots om homself te wees, of dehumaniseer dit hom deurdat hy verneder word?
Enkele gedagtes oor die opvoedkundige onderbou van Elsabe Steenberg se Engel met 'n besemstok
Authors: Pistorius P.
Published: May 2013

Die erfenis van analitiese Griekse denke het die Weste in staat gestel om probleme in hulle samestellende dele op te breek en om vraagstukke stuk vir stuk op te los. Hierdie “meetkundige” of diagram- en fasetdenke het gelei tot die ontstaan van afsonderlike wetenskappe wat elkeeen die grense van sy veld van ondersoek jaloers afgebaken het. Dit het tot gedetailleerde ondersoek en tot groot vooruitgang gelei, veral op natuurwetenskaplike gebied.
Monitoring language laboratory work
Authors: Van der Walt C.
Published: May 2013

Barely six years after the establishment of the first language laboratory at the University of Utah and five years after a similar language lab had been introduced at Ohio State University, E.H. Schneck complained that students who were supposed to stamp time-slips as evidence of their attendance "(got) someone else to stamp a time-slip; or a student might stamp one when entering, leave the laboratory, and come back to stamp it several hours later" (1930:31).
Verhaalteorie en teksanalise: enkele samevattende gedagtes
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: May 2013

In die loop van die twintigste eeu is daar geweldig baie geskryf oor stories, verhale en verhalende tekste. Gevolglik is die omvang van die kontemporêre verhaalteorie indrukwekkend. Wanneer 'n mens met 'n verhalende teks in die hand staan, is daar 'n geweldige hoeveelheid voortreflike teoretiese modelle en begrippe wat op die teks "toegepas" kan word of wat gebruik kan word om die teks te ontsluit.
Die grondteks van die Afrikaanse Nuwe Testament
Authors: Petzer J. H.
Published: May 2013

Voordat daar met die vertaling van 'n dokument begin kan word, is dit noodsaaklik om die teks, die presiese bewoording van die dokument, vas te stel. Die vasstelling van die teks is soveel te meer belangrik wanneer die dokument wat vertaal word, 'n ou dokument is, wat voor die uitvinding van die boekdrukkuns geskryf is en waarvan die oorspronklike dokument reeds verlore is. So 'n dokument is van geslag tot geslag deur middel van handkopieë oorgelewer en in hierdie kopieproses het daar talle foute in die manuskripte van die betrokke dokument ingesluip. Aangesien die oorspronklike verlore is, moet alle beskikbare manuskripte van so 'n dokument versamel word, en met mekaar vergelyk word. Op die plekke waar hierdie manuskripte van mekaar verskil, moet dan bepaal word watter manuskrip waarskynlik die lesing van die oorspronklike dokument bevat. Nadat daar op hierdie wyse bepaal is wat die presiese bewoording van die oorspronklike dokument was, kan daar eers met die vertaling van die betrokke dokument begin word. Hierdie probleem staar alle vertalers van klassieke dokumente, maar ook vertalers van die Nuwe (en Ou) Testament in die gesig.
Latyn en die eenheid en verskeidenheid van die romaanse tale
Authors: Du Plessis M. J.H.
Published: May 2013

Met die afsterwe van die biskop van Avignon in 561 het die koning van die Franke, Clotharius die eerste, die vakante pos aan ’n Paryse priester aangebied. Laasgenoemde het die aanbod egter vriendelik maar ferm van die hand gewys. As rede het hy sy onkunde en veral sy gebrekkige kennis van korrekte Latyn aangevoer, waar hy in Avignon verplig sou wees om onder geleerdes te beweeg wat ’n suiwerder vorm van Latyn sou praat. Hierdie anekdote wat vir ons vertel word deur Gregorius van Tours in sy Geskiedenis van die Franke dui reeds op die duidelik waarneembare verskil in die kultuur en taal in die Suidelike en Noordelike dele van die sesde eeuse Gallië (Gregorius Turonensis, 1951:6.9).
Die vertaling van literêre tekste: ‘n Bespreking aan die hand van Catullus se Carmen 84
Authors: Swanepoel J.
Published: May 2013

In hierdie artikel sal dear besin word oor sekere kernprobleme in die vertaalteorie, veral in soverre dit die kategorie tekste aangaan wat konvensioneel as literêre tekste bekend staan.
Die Klassieke vandag - Klassiek of Modern?
Authors: Fick P. H.
Published: May 2013

Om die stand van die Klassieke vandag te bepaal, verg ’n uitgebreide wetenskaplike studie. Dit is daarom nie die doel van hierdie artikel om ’n volledige ondersoek daarna te doen nie, maar om op veral twee terreine te konsentreer, nl. navorsing en die opieiding van onderwysers waaroor daar bepaalde probleemvrae bestaan.
Ambrosius en die virginitas
Authors: Malan C. J.
Published: May 2013

Ambrosius het met reg die benaming “Leraar van Maagdelikheid” ontvang (Dooley, 1948:119). Die opmerking van Thamin: “C’est une vertu proprement chrétienne que la vertu de virginité, proclame tout d’abord saint Ambroise” (1895:344), gee dadelik aanleiding tot die vraag of Ambrosius dan geen waardering vir die huwelik gehad het nie. Hierdie vraag word nog meer dringend as sy beskrywing van die kruis van die getroude lewe nagegaan word.
‘De Regenkoning’ van Hugo Claus
Authors: Van Zuydam S. W.
Published: May 2013

The investigation in this article comprises the analysis of a poem by the Flemish author Hugo Claus, namely "De regenkoning". It is one of the poems in a sequence entitled "De ingewijde" (The initiated) which forms part of his volume of poetry "De Oostakkerse Gedichten” (1955). These poems are extremely esoteric and an attempt is made here to “decode” the "hidden mysteries” in this particular poem. Claus’ method of using a kind of secret language corresponds to a basic feature of (universal) initiation ceremonies, namely that everything that takes place is shrouded in secrecy. It was found that the nucleus of traditional initiations, namely sexual and mental maturation, likewise form a fundamental characteristic in Claus’ poem. Yet his "neophyte” is not (re)born into a "new” (sacred) world, but initiated into the broken (profane) realities of modern society.
The Changing Significance of the Figure of Death in Various Everyman Plays
Authors: Thiel G.
Published: May 2013

In hierdie artikel word die geskiedenis van die laaste tweeduisendjare eerstens in vyfperiodes met verskiliende houdings teenoor die dood ingedeel.Daarna kon vasgestel word dat die Elckerlijc-spe/e wat op Engelse, Nederlandse, Duitse en Franse grondgebied ontstaan het, binne die tweede en vyfde periode van hierdie indeling val, dit wil sê aan die een kant die periode wat ongeveer 1000 begin, en 1700 eindig, en aan die ander kant die tydperk van die twintigste eeu.As 'n mens nou die algemene houding teenoor die dood, in hierdie twee tydperke met dié vergelyk, wat in die Elckerlijc-spele dear die doodsfiguur versimboliseer word, blyk dit dat die Elckerlijc-spele altyd ’n korrektiewe funksie op die algemene houding teenoor die dood probeer uitoefen.In die vroeë Elckerlijc-spele gaan dit nóg oor die bewaring van 'n mens se fisiese lewe, nóg oor 'n handel met God om ’n ewige lewe, twee faktore wat in ’n tydperk van individualisasie en ekonomiese groei bale belangrik geword het, maar om die inkeer en berou wat ’n mens tot God lei.In die latere Elckerlijc-spele gaan dit weer nie oor die vereensaming van die sterwende mens, wat deur die gemeenskap aan die mediese tegnologie oorgelaat word nie, maar om die oorwinning oor die fisiese dood deur ’n bewussynsaksie. Dit gaan ook nie meer oor die ontkoming van die ewige dood, soos in die vroeë Elckerlijc-spele nie, maar oor die bewuste deelwees van 'n lewensproses wat altyd weer opnuut stry teen ’n totale vernietiging van lewe dear die fisiese dood.
The Structure of the Castle of Perseverance
Authors: Levey D.
Published: May 2013

The essay attempts to suggest some possibilities of positing a typological unity and structure for The Castle of Perseverance after first surveying the critical context. It comments on aspects such as necessity and probability, the figural technique, multiplicity and sequential narrative (an idea that has been taken up by many writers). The analogy of organic form is also regarded as being helpful, and relationships especially should be examined. The emphasis in the article falls mainly on the characterization of the central figure and the medieval use of typology. The typological model is suggested to be a useful approach to the structure of the play. Examples are then provided of typology acting as a unifier of the play
Algehele Assimilasie of Konsonantweglating?
Authors: Wissing D. P.
Published: May 2013

Tot dusver is die terme algehele assimilasie en konsonantweglatlngmin of meer ongedifferensieerd gebrulik, indiennie as sinonieme nie. Daar is egter ook argumente aangevoorwaarom daar ’n onderstkeid gemaak moet word (Wissing,1982:188 e.v.). Dié argumente gaan hoofsaakiik om kwessiessoos verskille in produktiwiteit en die aantal konsonantewat betrokke is. Suike argumente steun egter op introspektieweoordeie van die fonoioog self. In hierdie bydrae word hierdie onderskeid tussen konsonantweglatingen algehele assimilasie op streng eksperimenteelfonetiesegronde ondersteun. Deur die spraak van ‘n aantalproefpersone spektografies te ontleed, kon bepaal word ofdaar spore van 'n verdwene konsonant aanwesig is. Indienwei, is die konsonant nie eenskiaps weggelaat nie, maar hetdit deur 'n proses van assimilasie geskied. Die resuitate vandie eksperiment het, met dié argument in gedagte, getoon datdaar inderdaad sprake van assimmilasie in gevalie (soos in 3a) is, maar siegs van konsonantweglatings in ander gevalie(soos in 3b).
Bacchylides Ode 3: Translation and Essay
Authors: Murgatroyd P.
Published: May 2013

In hierdie artikel word Ode 3 van Bacchylldes, 'n Griekse digter uit die vyfde eeu v.C., vertaal en beskryf. Daar word gepoog om die teks so noukeurig, suiwer en helder as moontllk te vertaal en steeds die essensie van die Griekse teks oor te dra. In die artikel word die gedig in sy historiese konteks geplaas en literër bespreek.
‘Saltimbanque en Vriendin’ Opnuut Gelees
Authors: Van Vuuren H.
Published: May 2013

N.P. van Wyk Louw’s poem, “Saltimbanque en vriendin” (Tristia, 1962), has to be read against the background of the saltinnbanque tradition in literature and painting. Poems of Baudelaire, IVIarsman and Rilke illustrate the mechanism of this tradition: a metaphysical world implied behind the physical world of the artist.The paintings of Georges Rouault and Pablo Picasso around the figure of the clown/saltimbanque are discussed. It is shown that the saltimbanque usually represents the poet/author/artist himself. Finally it is pointed out that "Saltimbanque en vriendin" can be read as the groundplan for "Groot Ode”.
The linguistic minorities of France
Authors: Pach R.
Published: May 2013

Although France is one of the most centralized countries in Europe, its apparent unity must not conceal that it is made up of many linguistic groups, and that French has only in recent years succeeded in becoming the common language of all the French. The situation of each one of the seven non-official languages of France is at first examined. The problem is then situated in its historical context, with the emphasis falling on why and how the French state tried to destroy them. Although the monarchy did not go much further than to impose French as the language of the administration, the revolutionary period was the beginning of a deliberate attempt to substitute French for the regional languages even in informal and oral usage. This was really made possible when education became compulsory: the school system was then the means of spreading French throughout the country. Nowadays the unity of France is no longer at stake, but its very identity is being threatened by the demographic weight, on French soil, of the immigrants from the Third-World.
Komas uit 'n Bamboesstok en Invisible Cities van Italo Calvino
Authors: Van Vuuren H.
Published: May 2013

The prose work by Italo Calvino, Invisible cities is of special interest in the study of D.J. Opperman’s Komas uil 'n bamboesstok.Calvino’s novel also has a character, the fictionalised Marco Polo, who plays such an important role in Komas uil 'n bamboesstok. When the traces of Italo Calvino’s work are sought in Komas, the coherence between poems in the volume emerges more clearly. The importance of Calvino’s “novel” as intertext does not primarily reside in the clarifying reciprocity which it has with single poems or pairs of poems. It is the central intertcxt in the volume, seeing that it is of determining importance for its structure. Opperman’s poetic technique in this volume reiterates the structure of Invisible cities: multiplicity which in the end can be reduced to unity.
Enkele Bedenkinge oor die Vervangingsprocédé as Literêre Handgreep
Authors: Slabbert H. Le R.
Published: May 2013

In this article the author voices some objections against the so called substitution procédé as method in understanding the poetry of Breytenbach. This method was devised by Cloete and followed up by Lombard in her doctoral study and in article(s).The author is adamant that the substitution procédé is unnecessary for the understanding of Breytenbach’s poem “Klanke vir daeraad” (sounds for break of day). Furthermore; this method spurs a naive logic that actually hinders the understanding and can lead to far-fetched interpretation. In conclusion the reader is made aware of the pitfall of “reception” and that substitution actually distorts the text.
De miskenning van Theo van Doesburg; zijn bijdrage tot de ontwikkeling van de konkrete poëzie
Authors: Van der Elst J.
Published: May 2013

More literary critics outside Belgium and the Netherlands have written about Theo van Doesburg than from inside these countries. The first important monograph on him appeared in English - Theo van Doesburg - Propagandist and Practitioner of the Avant-Garde, 1909-1923, by Hannah Hedrick. Van Doesburg’s poetry developed in the direction of concrete poetry - the type of poetry in which the spatial, acoustic and visual characteristics of language are maximally utilized towards the creation of the poem. Word as sound and as image is foregrounded in concrete poetry, while the imaging of persons and subjective experience is eliminated as far as possible. The anecdotal or the epic component of the concrete poem is minimal and the language of this sort of poem has been reduced to the minimum. In the spirit of the theory of concrete poetry Van Doesburg advocates the liberation of art from all the commitments imposed upon it. That with which Van Doesburg began was continued by other poets, especially in Germanic literature by poets of the so-called neo-realism.
Die inisiasiemotief by Hugo Claus, verduidelik aan die hand van 'De ingewijde' en ander gedigte
Authors: Van Zuydam S. W.
Published: May 2013

The motif of initiation occurs repeatedly in the poetry of Hugo Claus and it can be regarded as an important key to his early work. In the series De ingewijde it is clear that the poems are not simply imitations or embodiments of traditional initiation rituals or ceremonies. In the poems there are almost concealed correspondences, and in order to determine their meaning initiation has to be studied as a universal phenomenon. In the first place one has to study what initiation means as a universal phenomenon, and then initiation in Hugo Claus’s poetry is studied.
Drie kortverhale van Maarten ’t Hart - Literêr-esteties en lewensbeskoulik bekyk (I)
Authors: Rossouw M.
Published: May 2013

The autobiographical manner of presentation of Maarten 't Hart’s stories has the consequence that the narrative distance is particularly small - so that the effect on the reader is greater, and he is strongly addressed by the message of each story. This gives rise to the fact that the relevant stories can be evaluated not only on the bais of the literary aesthetic qualities, but also on the basis of lifeview. The three stories, De zaterdagvliegers, Ouderlingenbezoek and De wine nacht consistently reveal a sustained line of emotional tension, and style and structural means are well applied to support the thematic concerns. In De witte nacht especially an exceptional measure of textural density is obtained and the story reveals a close coherence. In the ethical sense the existential sense of life which is revealed by the stories as well as the one-sided characterisation of the representatives of the Christian faith is obtrusive. These two characteristics of his work reveal aparticular awareness of the spirit of the time in which ’t Hart is caught and explains to some extent why he is one of the most widely-read Dutch authors since 1945.
Paul Claudel, la foi et I’histoire
Authors: Durand F.
Published: May 2013

In this article an attempt is made to describe Paul Claudel’s attitude towards the historical events of his time, and to show how his religious faith profoundly influenced his reactions. Claudel sometimes behaves as a member of an established Church and judges a policy or a fact according to its consequences on the position of the Catholics in general and of the Clerics in particular, with a hostile attitude towards the atheists and even the Protestants. But he sometimes also interprets the events in the light of his biblical culture and, at an even superior level, by conforming himself to the spirit of the Gospels - so that his faith may sometimes inspire him with sectarian and conformist judgments, while allowing him also to take bold and original points of view.
'Die man van Nizjni-Nowgorod': Leroux in embrio
Authors: Prins M. J.
Published: May 2013

The aims of this article are: (a) a “close reading” of Etienne Leroux’s short story “Die man van Nizjni-Nowgorod" and (b) testing Hennie Aucamp's statement that this story can serve as an “introduction” to Leroux, In doing the first the author of the article confirms the second. The story deals with the contrast between reality and illusion, truth and falsehood, the mask and the “true self”. In various ways the main character tries to transform and transcend an ugly and unacceptable reality. However, he himself and his strategies are periodically being exposed. The fact that it is not always possible for the reader as well as for the narrator to know whether Johnny really believes his own “salesman’s talk” contributes to the complexity and fascination of the discourse. In the way in which the actantial matrix is handled, the use of the (literary) reference and the passive role played by the main character the later Leroux is clearly discernible.
The utilization of space in Martial 1.86
Authors: Mans M. J.
Published: May 2013

This article examines the form and function of space in Martial’s epigram 1.86. It comments on the important aspect of verbal creation of space, i.e. the concept of selectivity, which results in an incomplete description of space. It is demonstrated, however, that the reader, with the aid of spatial indicators in the text, is able to fill in the spatial gaps. With the support of these indicators an attempt is made to determine whether space is given special prominence in 1.86. The horizontal dimension of space, i.e. the concept of the binary opposition far vs. near is delineated as an important and special implement in the hands of the poet to convey the poem’s message. The narrator’s point o f view, or focalization, is also touched upon. In conclusion the predominant theme in this epigram, i.e. space, is defined as lyric space. It is argued that space can be exploited in different ways so as to convey meaning through it, and thus contributes towards a better understanding of the poem.
Solon van Athene as ‘betrokke’ digter
Authors: Henderson W. J.
Published: May 2013

Littérature engagée is an important component of contemporary literary creation and criticism. The present article examines this phenomenon in the surviving iambic and elegiac poetry of the Athenian statesman and poet, Solon (early 6th century B.C.), in order to offer comparative material to the modern student of the subject.
Die rol van fokalisering as manipuleringstegniek in die produksie en resepsie van jeugverhale: die verhouding tussen volwasse outeur en jeugleser met spesiale verwysing na drie verhale van Dolf van Niekerk
Authors: Meyer I. A.
Published: May 2013

A survey of the research done in literature written specifically for adolescents, shows that remarkably little has been done to analyse the reception and production of such works. Those works, which touch on the suitability of adolescent literature , are rarely based on the principles of a literary-scientific approach. The reasons for this may lie in the fairly abstract nature of any literary work. In this article an attempt is made to find some general guidelines which may be of relevance in the field of young adult reading. Using the works of a popular writer of Afrikaans books for adolescents, Dolf van Niekerk, the article focuses on the unique features of books for young readers, those aspects which distinguish this genre from adult literature, and the factors which make such works more acceptable to teenage readers,
Die rol en funksies van die didaskalia in Reza de Wet se Diepe grond
Authors: Mouton M.
Published: May 2013

The dramatic text can be divided into two parts:the dialogue spoken by the dramatic personae; andthe so-called didascalies of the text.The role and functions that didascalies can fulfil in a dramatic text are d emonstrated in a discussion of Reza de Wet’s Diepe grond.
Pindar Pythian I
Authors: Murgatroyd P.
Published: May 2013

This article concerns the ancient Greek lyric poet Pindar (approximately 518 to 438 B.C.), specifically his first Pythian Ode, and my primary purpose is to supply a new translation of the poem (together with resume and running commentary for illumination and elaboration), thereby introducing Pindar, the nature of his composition and certain features of his style to the non-specialist. In my translation, which is based on the Greek text of Snell & Maehler (1984), I aim above all at accuracy, purity and clarity, and I try to convey to the reader a real idea of the feel and texture of the poem by means of a version which is faithful to the spirit and not just the letter of the Greek. In the essay I provide a résumé, explain the background to the piece, discuss its implications and focus, and treat its major poetic features, such as diction, metre, sound, imagery and structure.
Tristia in historiese konteks
Authors: Van Vuuren H.
Published: May 2013

The article endeavours to answer the question of how the 1988 reader reacts to Tristia (1962). The poems are placed against the political, cultural and literary context of the 1950s in Europe, and it is pointed out how Tristia is multi-faceted in tone, texture and content, reflecting the tensions of its socio-historical context. The reception of the book at the time of publication is looked at, and the line is then drawn through to 1988. In the present situation the reader is struck by the Eurocentredness of the work and the strongly intellectual perspective. Whereas Rob Antonissen, A.P. Grové and W.E.G. Louw stressed the “richness” and “greatness” of the poetry, today’s reader would probably relate more to the social relevance portrayed in the perspective given in the work on the struggle between physical violence and the striving of the human spirit not to go under in this battle.
Turtaios van Sparta as ‘betrokke’ digter
Authors: Henderson W. J.
Published: May 2013

This article examines the surviving verse of Tyrtaeus of Sparta as Httérature engagée, and thus pursues the theme of a similar article on Solon of Athens (Literator 9(2), 1988:1-16). The Spartan poet used the elegiac form for two main purposes: (1.) the encouragement of Spartan soldiers in their struggle against the Messenians (parainesis), and (2.) the analysis of socio-political problems in Sparta.
’n Kort herbetragting van Uys Krige se prosa met verwysing na 'The dream' as sleutelteks
Authors: Marais J. L.
Published: May 2013

Uys Krigc’s prose has always received less attention from scholars of the Afrikaans literature than his poetry, translations and plays, Krige was never awarded any Afrikaans literary prize for his prose, which evoked comparatively little interest from Afrikaans scholars. This article discusses possible reasons for the above situation regarding Krige’s prose, followed by a critical discussion of several factors that were decisive in the canonization of Krige as a poet, translator and playwright rather than as a prose writer. These include factors such as the reception of Krige’s prose in comparison with the other genres that he practised, and the compilation of anthologies, a practice by which texts are published in a context that differs from the original. The short story “The dream” (from The dream and the desert, 1953) is then discussed briefly, indicating several key features of Krige’s prose as contained in this text. The article concludes with a view that a reassessment of Krige’s work will probably show him to have been a better prose writer than a poet, contrary to past and, to a large extent, present assumptions.
Uniformly Continuous Functionals and
M-Weakly Amenable Groups
Authors: Forrest Brian , Miao Tianxuan
Published: May 2013

Let G be a locally compact group. Let AM(G) (A0(G))denote the closure of A(G), the Fourier algebra of G in the space of bounded (completely bounded) multipliers of A(G). We call a locally compact group M-weakly amenable if AM(G) has a bounded approximate identity. We will show that when G is M-weakly amenable, the algebras AM(G) and A0(G) have properties that are characteristic of the Fourier algebra of an amenable group. Along the way we show that the sets of topologically invariant means associated with these algebras have the same cardinality as those of the Fourier algebra.
On Parseval Wavelet Frames with Two or Three Generators via the Unitary Extension Principle
Authors: Christensen Ole , Oh Kim Hong , Young Kim Rae
Published: May 2013

The unitary extension principle (UEP) by A. Ron and Z. Shen yields a sufficient condition for the construction of Parseval wavelet frames with multiple generators. In this paper we characterize the UEP-type wavelet systems that can be extended to a Parseval wavelet frame by adding just one UEP-type wavelet system. We derive a condition that is necessary for the extension of a UEP-type wavelet system to any Parseval wavelet frame with any number of generators and prove that this condition is also sufficient to ensure that an extension with just two generators is possible.
Biogeochemical properties and diagenetic changes during the past 3.6 Ma recorded by FTIR spectroscopy in the sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic
Authors: Meyer-Jacob C. , Vogel H. , Melles M. , Rosén P.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. A number of studies have shown that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) can be applied to quantitatively assess lacustrine sediment constituents. In this study, we developed calibration models based on FTIRS for the quantitative determination of biogenic silica (BSi; n = 420; gradient: 0.9–56.5%), total organic carbon (TOC; n = 309; gradient: 0.02–2.89%), and total inorganic carbon (TIC; n = 153; gradient: 0.01–1.46%) in a 318 m long sediment record with a basal age of 3.6 Ma from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic. The developed partial least squares regression (PLSR) models yield high cross-validated (CV) R2CV = 0.85–0.91 and low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) (2.1–4.3% of the gradient for the different properties). The FTIRS-inferred concentrations of BSi, TOC, and TIC provide an initial insight into the climatic and environmental evolution at Lake El'gygytgyn throughout the late Pliocene and Quaternary showing a considerably high bioproductivity in the lake ecosystem between ~ 3.27–3.54 Ma during the early Pliocene warm period. Moreover, we found that the recorded FTIR spectra contain information on sample burial depth as a result of diagenetic changes (dehydration/dehydroxilation) of certain mineral phases. Despite the indicated post-depositional processes, the calibration models yield good statistical performances showing that general FTIRS models can be developed for several hundred meters long records extending several million years back in time. Our results highlight FTIRS to be a rapid, cost-effective alternative to conventional methods for quantification of biogeochemical properties.
Tsunami hazard assessment of Guadeloupe Island (F.W.I.) related to a megathrust rupture on the Lesser Antilles subduction interface
Authors: Roger J. , Dudon B. , Zahibo N.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. The French Caribbean Archipelago of Guadeloupe is located over the Lesser Antilles active subduction zone, where a handful of earthquakes have reached magnitudes of Mw = 7.0 (moment magnitude) and more. According to available catalogs, these earthquakes have been able to trigger devastating tsunamis, either directly by the shake or indirectly by induced landslides. The Guadeloupe Archipelago is known to have suffered from several violent earthquakes, including the 1843 Mw ~ 8.5 megathrust event. In this study, we discuss the potential impact of a tsunami generation scenario of a Mw = 8.5 rupture at the subduction interface using numerical modeling and high resolution bathymetric data within the framework of tsunami hazard assessment for Guadeloupe. Despite the fact that the mystery remains unresolved concerning the lack of historical tsunami data for the 1843 event, modeling results show that the tsunami impact is not uniformly distributed in the whole archipelago and could show important maximum wave heights. This is easily explained by the bathymetry and the presence of several islands around the main island leading to resonance phenomena, and because of the existence of a fringing coral reef partially surrounding Guadeloupe Island and its satellites. We then discuss the role of source parameters, the arrival times and the protective role of fringing coral reefs surrounding the islands, using tsunami modeling applied on two Guadeloupian touristic coastal places: Sainte-Anne and Saint-François.
Non Contrast-Enhanced MRA versus Ultrasound Blood Vessel Assessment to determine the Choice of Hemodialysis Vascular Access
Authors: Merkx Maarten A.G. , Bosboom E. Mariëlle H. , Bode Aron S. , Bescós Javier Oliván , Breeuwer Marcel , Tordoir Jan H.M. , van de Vosse Frans N.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The aim of this work was to establish the relationship between traditional blood vessel mapping for vascular access (VA) creation by B-mode ultrasound (US) and novel non contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE-MRA), and to study the potential influence of the diameter assessment technique on the choice of hemodialysis vascular access.

Methods

A total of 27 end-stage renal-disease patients were included. They received routine US and a NCE-MRA examination of the upper extremity. Diameters were measured manually on US and semi-automatically on NCE-MRA. These measurements were statistically compared for the arteries and veins and for each measurement location. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity of both modalities to predict VA location was investigated by comparison with an experienced surgeon. This analysis gave insight into the potential influence of vessel mapping modality on decision-making.

Results

Comparison of NCE-MRA with US for the arteries and veins, demonstrated a bias of 9% (limits −33%-78%) and 38% (limits −36%-198%), respectively. Statistically significant differences between the modalities on the individual locations were mainly found for the venous locations. The sensitivity and specificity for US to predict VA location was 1.0 and 0.74, respectively, while for NCE-MRA this was 0.88 and 0.39, respectively.

Conclusions

The results obtained indicate that extreme caution should be exercised when replacing one diameter measurement modality with the other. A further need exists to improve both vessel mapping protocols to obtain a geometric description of the upper extremity vasculature regardless of acquisition modality.