bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communications enhance sustainable intentions despite other ongoing crises
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc T. H. , Willcock Simon , Hassan Louise M.
Published: September 2024

There is an ongoing trend toward more frequent and multiple crises. While there is a clear need for behaviors to become more sustainable to address the climate crisis, how to achieve this against the backdrop of other crises is unknown. Using a sample of 18,805 participants from the UK, we performed a survey experiment to investigate if communication messages provide a useful tool in nudging intentions toward improved sustainability in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that, despite the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, media messaging resulted in increases in sustainability-related intentions for all our communication messaging conditions. Specifically, after our communication was presented, (i) almost 80% of people who were not currently recycling their surgical masks reported their intention to do so; there was a > 70% increase in both (ii) the number of people likely to pick up face mask litter and (iii) the number of people willing to disinfect and reuse their filtering facepiece (FFP) masks 4–6 times, while (iv) there was an increase by 165% in those who would wash cloth masks at 60 °C. Our results highlight that communication messaging can play a useful role in minimizing the trade-offs between multiple crises, as well as maximizing any synergies. To support this, decision-makers and practitioners should encourage the delivery of sustainability advice via multiple sources and across different types of media, while taking steps to address potential misinformation.
Double forms: Regular elliptic bilaplacian operators
Authors: Kupferman Raz , Leder Roee
Published: September 2024

Double forms are sections of the vector bundles $$\Lambda^{k}T^{\ast}{\cal{M}}\otimes\Lambda^{m}T^{\ast}\cal{M}$$

Λ

k

T

∗

M

⊗

Λ

m

T

∗

M

, where in this work ($$\cal{M},\frak{g}$$

M

,

g

) is a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. We study graded second-order differential operators on double forms, which are used in physical applications. A combination of these operators yields a fourth-order operator, which we call a double bilaplacian. We establish the regular ellipticity of the double bilaplacian for several sets of boundary conditions. Under additional conditions, we obtain a Hodge-like decomposition for double forms, whose components are images of the second-order operators, along with a biharmonic element. This analysis lays foundations for resolving several topics in incompatible elasticity, most prominently the existence of stress potentials and Saint-Venant compatibility.
Advancements in Subchondral Bone Biomechanics: Insights from Computed Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging in Equine Models
Authors: Malekipour Fatemeh , Whitton R. Chris , Lee Peter Vee-Sin
Published: September 2024

Purpose of Review

This review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding subchondral bone (SCB) biomechanics using computed tomography (CT) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging in large animal models, particularly horses.

Recent Findings

Recent studies highlight the complexity of SCB biomechanics, revealing variability in density, microstructure, and biomechanical properties across the depth of SCB from the joint surface, as well as at different joint locations. Early SCB abnormalities have been identified as predictive markers for both osteoarthritis (OA) and stress fractures. The development of standing CT systems has improved the practicality and accuracy of live animal imaging, aiding early diagnosis of SCB pathologies.

While imaging advancements have enhanced our understanding of SCB, further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of joint disease and articular surface failure. Combining imaging with mechanical testing, computational modelling, and artificial intelligence (AI) promises earlier detection and better management of joint disease. Future research should refine these modalities and integrate them into clinical practice to enhance joint health outcomes in veterinary and human medicine.
Prediction model for major bleeding in anticoagulated patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism using machine learning and natural language processing
Authors: Muñoz Martín Andrés J. , Lecumberri Ramón , Souto Juan Carlos , Obispo Berta , Sanchez Antonio , Aparicio Jorge , Aguayo Cristina , Gutierrez David , García Palomo Andrés , Benavent Diego , Taberna Miren , Viñuela-Benéitez María Carmen , Arumi Daniel , Hernández-Presa Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We developed a predictive model to assess the risk of major bleeding (MB) within 6 months of primary venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients receiving anticoagulant treatment. We also sought to describe the prevalence and incidence of VTE in cancer patients, and to describe clinical characteristics at baseline and bleeding events during follow-up in patients receiving anticoagulants.

Methods

This observational, retrospective, and multicenter study used natural language processing and machine learning (ML), to analyze unstructured clinical data from electronic health records from nine Spanish hospitals between 2014 and 2018. All adult cancer patients with VTE receiving anticoagulants were included. Both clinically- and ML-driven feature selection was performed to identify MB predictors. Logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) algorithms were used to train predictive models, which were validated in a hold-out dataset and compared to the previously developed CAT-BLEED score.

Results

Of the 2,893,108 cancer patients screened, in-hospital VTE prevalence was 5.8% and the annual incidence ranged from 2.7 to 3.9%. We identified 21,227 patients with active cancer and VTE receiving anticoagulants (53.9% men, median age of 70 years). MB events after VTE diagnosis occurred in 10.9% of patients within the first six months. MB predictors included: hemoglobin, metastasis, age, platelets, leukocytes, and serum creatinine. The LR, DT, and RF models had AUC-ROC (95% confidence interval) values of 0.60 (0.55, 0.65), 0.60 (0.55, 0.65), and 0.61 (0.56, 0.66), respectively. These models outperformed the CAT-BLEED score with values of 0.53 (0.48, 0.59).

Conclusions

Our study shows encouraging results in identifying anticoagulated patients with cancer-associated VTE who are at high risk of MB.
Network analyses of emotion components: an exploratory application to the component process model of emotion
Authors: Sacchi Livia , Dan-Glauser Elise
Published: September 2024

Emotion is an episode involving changes in multiple components, specifically subjective feelings, physiological arousal, expressivity, and action tendencies, all these driven by appraisal processes. However, very few attempts have been made to comprehensively model emotion episodes from this full componential perspective, given the statistical and methodological complexity involved. Recently, network analyses have been proposed in the field of emotion and cognition as an innovative theoretical and statistical framework able to integrate several properties of emotions. We therefore addressed the call for more multi-componential evidence by modeling the network of a comprehensive list of emotion components drawn from the Component Process Model of Emotion. Five-hundred students were confronted with mildly ambiguous scenarios from everyday life, and reported on their situational appraisals and emotion responses. Network analyses were applied to the emotion components related to a positive and a negative scenario to explore 1) how the components organize themselves into networks and dimensions; 2) which components are the most central within networks and dimensions; and 3) the patterns of components relation between and within dimensions. A three-dimensional solution emerged in both scenarios. Additionally, some appraisals and responses appeared to be differentially relevant and related to each other in both scenarios, highlighting the importance of context in shaping the strength of emotion component relations. Overall, we enriched the field of affective science by exploring the connections between emotion components in three novel ways: by using network analyses, by integrating them into a multi-componential framework, and by providing context to our emotion components. Our results can also potentially inform applied research, where understanding the interconnections and the centrality of components could aid the personalization of interventions.
Representations of large Mackey Lie algebras and universal tensor categories
Authors: Penkov Ivan , Tsanov Valdemar
Published: September 2024

We extend previous work by constructing a universal abelian tensor category $$\textbf{T}_t$$

T
t

generated by two objects X, Y equipped with finite filtrations $$0\subsetneq X_0\subsetneq ...\subsetneq X_{t+1}= X$$

0
⊊

X
0

⊊
.
.
.
⊊

X

t
+
1

=
X

and $$0\subsetneq Y_0\subsetneq ... \subsetneq Y_{t+1}= Y$$

0
⊊

Y
0

⊊
.
.
.
⊊

Y

t
+
1

=
Y

, and with a pairing $$X\otimes Y\rightarrow \mathbbm {1}$$

X
⊗
Y
→
1

, where $$\mathbbm {1}$$
1
is the monoidal unit. This category is modeled as a category of representations of a Mackey Lie algebra $$\mathfrak {gl}^M(V,V_*)$$

gl

M

(
V
,

V

∗

)

of cardinality $$2^{\aleph _t}$$

2

ℵ
t

, associated to a diagonalizable pairing between two vector spaces $$V,V_*$$

V
,

V

∗

of dimension $$\aleph _t$$

ℵ
t

over an algebraically closed field $${{\mathbb {K}}}$$
K
of characteristic 0. As a preliminary step, we study a tensor category $${{\mathbb {T}}}_t$$

T
t

generated by the algebraic duals $$V^*$$

V
∗

and $$(V_*)^*$$

(

V

∗

)

∗

. The injective hull of the trivial module $${{\mathbb {K}}}$$
K
in $${{\mathbb {T}}}_t$$

T
t

is a commutative algebra I, and the category $$\textbf{T}_t$$

T
t

consists of all free I-modules in $${{\mathbb {T}}}_t$$

T
t

. An essential novelty in our work is the explicit computation of Ext-spaces between simples in both categories $$\textbf{T}_t$$

T
t

and $${{\mathbb {T}}}_t$$

T
t

, which had been an open problem already for $$t=0$$

t
=
0

. This provides a direct link from the theory of universal tensor categories to Littlewood-Richardson-type combinatorics.
Multicompartmentalized Microvascularized Tumor-on-a-Chip to Study Tumor-Stroma Interactions and Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Plesselova Simona , Calar Kristin , Axemaker Hailey , Sahly Emma , Bhagia Amrita , Faragher Jessica L. , Fink Darci M. , de la Puente Pilar
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The majority of ovarian cancer (OC) patients receiving standard of care chemotherapy develop chemoresistance within 5 years. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and influential player in disease progression and therapeutic response. However, there is a lack of models that allow us to elucidate the compartmentalized nature of TME in a controllable, yet physiologically relevant manner and its critical role in modulating drug resistance.

Methods

We developed a 3D microvascularized multiniche tumor-on-a-chip formed by five chambers (central cancer chamber, flanked by two lateral stromal chambers and two external circulation chambers) to recapitulate OC-TME compartmentalization and study its influence on drug resistance. Stromal chambers included endothelial cells alone or cocultured with normal fibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF).

Results

The tumor-on-a-chip recapitulated spatial TME compartmentalization including vessel-like structure, stromal-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, generation of oxygen gradients, and delayed drug diffusion/penetration from the circulation chamber towards the cancer chamber. The cancer chamber mimicked metastasis-like migration and increased drug resistance to carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment in the presence of CAF when compared to normal fibroblasts. CAF-mediated drug resistance was rescued by ECM targeted therapy. Critically, these results demonstrate that cellular crosstalk recreation and spatial organization through compartmentalization are essential to determining the effect of the compartmentalized OC-TME on drug resistance.

Conclusions

Our results present a functionally characterized microvascularized multiniche tumor-on-a-chip able to recapitulate TME compartmentalization influencing drug resistance. This technology holds the potential to guide the design of more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance in OC.
Brunn–Minkowski Inequalities for Sprays on Surfaces
Authors: Assouline Rotem
Published: September 2024

We propose a generalization of the Minkowski average of two subsets of a Riemannian manifold, in which geodesics are replaced by an arbitrary family of parametrized curves. Under certain assumptions, we characterize families of curves on a Riemannian surface for which a Brunn–Minkowski inequality holds with respect to a given volume form. In particular, we prove that under these assumptions, a family of constant-speed curves on a Riemannian surface satisfies the Brunn–Minkowski inequality with respect to the Riemannian area form if and only if the geodesic curvature of its members is determined by a function $$\kappa $$
κ
on the surface, and $$\kappa $$
κ
satisfies the inequality
$$\begin{aligned} K + \kappa ^2 - |\nabla \kappa | \ge 0 \end{aligned}$$

K
+

κ
2

-

|
∇
κ
|

≥
0

where K is the Gauss curvature.
Defending the quantum reconstruction program
Authors: Berghofer Philipp
Published: September 2024

The program of reconstructing quantum theory based on information-theoretic principles enjoys much popularity in the foundations of physics. Surprisingly, this endeavor has only received very little attention in philosophy. Here I argue that this should change. This is because, on the one hand, reconstructions can help us to better understand quantum mechanics, and, on the other hand, reconstructions are themselves in need of interpretation. My overall objective, thus, is to motivate the reconstruction program and to show why philosophers should care. My specific aims are threefold. (i) Clarify the relationship between reconstructing and interpreting quantum mechanics, (ii) show how the informational reconstruction of quantum theory puts pressure on standard realist interpretations, (iii) defend the quantum reconstruction program against possible objections.
Strategy Complexity of Reachability in Countable Stochastic 2-Player Games
Authors: Kiefer Stefan , Mayr Richard , Shirmohammadi Mahsa , Totzke Patrick
Published: September 2024

We study countably infinite stochastic 2-player games with reachability objectives. Our results provide a complete picture of the memory requirements of $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal (resp. optimal) strategies. These results depend on the size of the players’ action sets and on whether one requires strategies that are uniform (i.e., independent of the start state). Our main result is that $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal (resp. optimal) Maximizer strategies requires infinite memory if Minimizer is allowed infinite action sets. This lower bound holds even under very strong restrictions. Even in the special case of infinitely branching turn-based reachability games, even if all states allow an almost surely winning Maximizer strategy, strategies with a step counter plus finite private memory are still useless. Regarding uniformity, we show that for Maximizer there need not exist memoryless (i.e., positional) uniformly $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal strategies even in the special case of finite action sets or in finitely branching turn-based games. On the other hand, in games with finite action sets, there always exists a uniformly $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-optimal Maximizer strategy that uses just one bit of public memory.
Game-Theoretic Analysis of Adversarial Decision Making in a Complex Socio-Physical System
Authors: Cullen Andrew , Alpcan Tansu , Kalloniatis Alexander
Published: September 2024

The growing integration of technology within human processes has significantly increased the difficulty in optimising organisational decision-making, due to the highly coupled and non-linear nature of these systems. This is particularly true in the presence of dynamics for resource competition models between adversarial teams. While game theory provides a conceptual lens for studying such processes, it often struggles with the scale associated with real-world systems. This paper contributes to resolving this limitation through a parallelised variant of the efficient-but-exact nash dominant game pruning framework, which we employ to study the optimal behaviour under adversarial team dynamics parameterised by the so-called networked Boyd–Kuramoto–Lanchester resource competition model. In doing so, we demonstrate a structural bias in competitive systems towards concentrating organisational resources away from regions of competition to ensure resilience.
Note on: “Sparse domination results for compactness on weighted spaces”
Authors: Stockdale Cody B. , Villarroya Paco , Wick Brett D.
Published: September 2024

An incomplete argument for Theorem 1.4 of Stockdale et al. (Collect Math 73(3):535–563, 2022) is corrected. The validity of Stockdale et al. (Collect Math 73(3):535–563, 2022, Theorem 2.7) remains open.
Measurement of the effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea in reducing Fusarium biomass on wheat straw
Authors: Kulik Tomasz , Treder Kinga , Rochoń Marta , Załuski Dariusz , Sulima Paweł , Olszewski Jacek , Bilska Katarzyna , Elena Georgina , Kowalski Tadeusz
Published: September 2024

The survival and growth of plant pathogens on crop residues are key factors facilitating the dynamics of crop diseases. Spores (e.g., perithecia, and chlamydospores) and mycelium of pathogenic fungi overwinter on harvest residues, such as straw, and serve as initial inoculum infecting crops in the next growing season. Therefore, targeting overwintering fungi is essential to attaining effective disease control. Beneficial microorganisms offer advantages in controlling pathogens through their ability to colonize and exploit different environmental niches. In this study, we applied qPCR assays to explore the biocontrol performance of locally isolated strains of Clonostachys against various Fusarium pathogens. We proved that prior colonization of wheat straw by Fusarium spp. can be effectively reduced by Clonostachys rosea. We demonstrated that the efficiency of C. rosea to reduce Fusarium inoculum appears to remain at a similar level for most studied strains regardless of the target pathogen and the level of colonization of substrates by pathogens. Efficient performance of local C. rosea strains identifies possible targets for future strategies to control Fusarium diseases in cereals. Our study also highlights the challenge in sequence-based determination of C. rosea, which is crucial for the efficient selection of beneficial strains for biocontrol purposes.
Control problems in the coefficients and the domain for linear elliptic equations
Authors: Casado-Díaz Juan , Luna-Laynez Manuel , Maestre Faustino
Published: September 2024

In the present work we are interested in an optimal design problem for a linear elliptic state equation with a homogeneous boundary Dirichlet condition. The control variables correspond to the coefficients of the diffusion term and the open set where the equation is posed. From the application point of view these variables represent the layout of the materials composing the corresponding domain and its shape. We obtain a relaxed formulation of the problem, the optimality conditions, and we provide a numerical algorithm to solve it. Some numerical simulations are also carried out.
Shear strength characteristics of mixing slag-stone ballast reinforcement with tire geo-scrap using large-scale direct shear tests
Authors: Esmaeili Morteza , Heydari Hamidreza , Mokhtari Maziar , Darvishi Sara
Published: September 2024

Utilizing the ballast layer with more durable and stable characteristics can help avoid significant expenses due to decreased maintenance efforts. Strengthening the ballast layer with different types of reinforcements or substituting the stone aggregates with the appropriate granular materials could potentially help to achieve this goal by reducing the ballast deterioration. One of the exquisite and most effective solutions to eliminate these challenges is to use waste materials such as steel slag aggregates and useless tires. Utilizing these waste materials in the ballasted railway track will contribute to sustainable development, an eco-friendly system, and green infrastructure. So in a state-of-the-art insightful, the ballast aggregates, including a mixture of steel slag and stone aggregates, are reinforced with a novel kind of geo-grid made of waste tire strips known as geo-scraps. This laboratory research tried to explain the shear strength behavior of the introduced mixing slag-stone ballast reinforced with tire geo-scrap. To achieve this goal, a series of large-scale direct shear tests were performed on the ballast which is reinforced by tire geo-scrap and included various combinations of slag and stone aggregates. The concluded results indicate that the optimal mixing ratio is attained by a combination of 75% slag and 25% stone aggregates which is reinforced by tire geo-scrap at a placing level of 120 mm. In this case, the shear strength‌, internal friction angle, vertical displacement, and dilatancy angle of stone–slag ballast reinforced with geo-scraps exhibited average changes of + 28%, + 9%, − 28%, and − 15%, respectively.
Posttraumatic Growth Among Young Women, Comparing Risk and Protective Factors in Sexual Violence Survivors Versus Other Trauma Survivors
Authors: Refaeli Tehila , Shir Ela
Published: September 2024

This study examined differences between young women who are survivors of sexual violence and young women who are survivors of other traumas in terms of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and possible PTG predictors: personal factors (shame and self-blame) and social factors (social support and social reactions to the traumatic event). Additionally, the study explored the possible association between these factors and PTG among the two groups. The sample comprised 285 female trauma survivors, aged 18–30, of whom 128 were sexual violence survivors. Lower PTG was found among sexual violence survivors, while shame, self-blame, and receiving negative reactions were higher among this group than the other group. Among both groups, higher levels of PTG were associated with low levels of shame and high levels of positive reactions, but only in those who experienced sexual violence was PTG associated with high levels of self-blame. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Assessment of carbonate rocks for engineering applications considering mineralogical, geochemical and geotechnical attributes
Authors: Okewale Ismail Adeniyi , Grobler Hendrik , Mulaba-Bafubiandi Antoine F.
Published: September 2024

Due to continuous need of materials for infrastructural development, geomaterials of different origins are used where available. Vast majority of these materials in some countries are predominantly metamorphic and sedimentary in nature. Many of these rocks are of carbonate origin and they are encountered by practitioners worldwide. Therefore, it is very crucial to evaluate the prospect of using carbonate rocks for different applications. In this paper, laboratory tests were conducted on soft and hard carbonate rocks in order to assess their usefulness taking into consideration the mineralogy, geochemistry and geotechnics. The mineralogy is majorly calcite, the fabric is characterized by aggregation of particles to form clusters and the chemical composition is predominantly calcium oxide. The hard carbonate rocks have low porosity, medium dynamic fragmentation, medium to low water absorption, slightly strong rebound hardness value, high uniaxial compressive strength and soft carbonate rocks have low in situ specific volume and compressibility. The carbonate rocks are suitable for cement production. The hard carbonate rocks can be used for infrastructure purposes. The soft carbonate rocks are suitable for use as foundation fill materials and suitable for use as sub-grade materials. However, practitioners must be cautious when using this material as sub-base materials.
2-Rotund norms for unconditional and symmetric sequence spaces
Authors: Dilworth Stephen , Kutzarova Denka , Motakis Pavlos
Published: September 2024

A reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis admits an equivalent 1-unconditional 2R norm and embeds into a reflexive space with a 1-symmetric 2R norm. Partial results on 1-symmetric 2R renormings of spaces with a symmetric basis are obtained.
EMI in the Saudi Arabian context
Authors: Aljehani Khulod , Modiano Marko
Published: September 2024

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has recently made significant changes to its tertiary education programs, aligning itself with other nations in the Middle East and North Africa by adopting the practice of English Medium Instruction (EMI). However, EMI is not without drawbacks. In the UAE and Qatar, for example, researchers have reported on the potential adverse consequences of the policy. This study seeks to explore KSA university students’ and instructors’ attitudes toward EMI, with a significant focus on broader social and cultural perceptions, while also addressing pedagogical issues. This approach contrasts with the predominant focus in the existing literature, which primarily emphasizes pedagogical aspects. A mixed-method approach is utilized in which students were surveyed quantitatively, and instructors were interviewed. The study does not reveal any evidence of broader social and cultural concerns such as those reported elsewhere; however, the findings do indicate student resistance to a monolingual approach, whether English or Arabic. Thus, by taking into consideration the findings presented here and in other studies, in conjunction with relevant theoretical suppositions, this study substantiates the benefits of a mixed-medium approach combining English and Arabic.
Distributed acoustic sensing technology in marine geosciences
Authors: Wei Jiayi , Gong Wende , Xing Junhui , Xu Haowei
Published: September 2024

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an emerging vibration signal acquisition technology that transforms existing fiber-optic communication infrastructure into an array of thousands of seismic sensors. Due to its advantages of low cost, easy deployment, continuous measurement, and long-distance measurement, DAS has rapidly developed applications in the field of marine geophysics. This paper systematically summarizes the status of DAS technology applications in marine seismic monitoring, tsunami and ocean-current monitoring, ocean thermometry, marine target monitoring, and ocean-bottom imaging; analyzes the problems faced during its development; and discusses prospects for further applications in marine geoscience and future research directions.
Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini
Authors: Whitfield J. H.
Published: September 2024

And how should Aeneas Sylvius not be the first to beckon’ When on die
opening page of that bulky folio (Bale 1551) there is a formula so close to
us: that one should be grown up at twenty, prudent at thirty, rich at forty?
Measure that formula against Dante, or even Petrarch (whom it might fit, yet
who could not have uttered it), and you will see why Aeneas Sylvius claims
kinship forward, more than back. The quality of his mind was also therefore
sceptical, as witness that little anecdote on Scotland. ‘I had heard once
there was a tree in Scotland which growing on the river bank produced fruits
in the shape of duckings; and these when they reach maturity fall of their
own accord, some on the land, some in the water; and those that fall on the
ground rot, but those falling in the water soon come to life and straight
away fly up into the air with wings and feathers.
C'est L’ amour Seul Qui Compte
Authors: Zimmerer Margarete
Published: September 2024

We were sitting on a hill in the South of France under the blazing sun
and quietly listening to these words of St Thérèse: ‘I have recognized my
vocation … my vocation is Love … In the heart of the Church I am Love,
c'est l'amour seul qui compte'.

At just that time - so I gathered from letters from home - people
listening to the wireless were shattered to hear desperate appeals coming
through: ‘Help, they are burning everything down… Perhaps we can hold out
another hour, send us help … People of the West, don't let us down … our
last lines are falling … where are you?’ And then quite suddenly the appeals
stopped; there was a terrifying silence.
Universities and Nonprofits Build Community Climate Resilience
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: September 2024

A 2022 grant cycle funded partnerships between nonprofit organizations and researchers to mitigate climate hazards in underserved communities. A new study looks at lessons learned from the ventures.
Simultaneous Hot and Dry Extreme‐Events Increase Wetland Methane Emissions: An Assessment of Compound Extreme‐Event Impacts Using Ameriflux and FLUXNET‐CH4 Site Data Sets
Authors: Lippmann T. J. R. , van der Velde Y. , Naudts K. , Hensgens G. , Vonk J. E. , Dolman H.
Published: September 2024

Wetlands are the largest natural source of global atmospheric methane (CH4). Despite advances to our understanding of changes in temperature and precipitation extremes, their impacts on carbon‐rich ecosystems such as wetlands, remain significantly understudied. Here, we quantify the impacts of extreme temperature, precipitation, and dry events on wetland CH4 dynamics by investigating the effects of both compound and discrete extreme‐events. We use long‐term climate data to identify extreme‐events and 45 eddy covariance sites data sets sourced from the FLUXNET‐CH4 database and Ameriflux project to assess impacts on wetland CH4 emissions. These findings reveal that compound hot + dry extreme‐events lead to large increases in daily CH4 emissions. However, per event, discrete dry‐only extreme‐events cause the largest total decrease in CH4 emissions, due to their long duration. Despite dry‐only extreme‐events leading to an overall reduction in CH4 emissions, enhanced fluxes are often observed for the first days of dry‐only extreme‐events. These effects differ depending on wetland type, where marsh sites tend to be sensitive to most types of extreme‐events. Lagged impacts are significant for at least the 12 months following several types of extreme‐events. These findings have implications for understanding how extreme‐event impacts may evolve in the context of climate change, where changes in the frequency and intensity of temperature and precipitation extreme‐events are already observed. With increasing occurrences of enhanced CH4 fluxes in response to hot‐only extreme‐events and hot + wet extreme‐events and fewer occurrences of reduced CH4 fluxes during cold‐only extreme‐events, the impact of wetland CH4 emissions on climate warming may be increasing.
Suprathermal Outflowing H+ Ions in the Lobe Driven by an Interplanetary Shock: 1. An Observation Event
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Mouikis C. G. , Wang Xueyi , Masson Arnaud , Lin Yu
Published: September 2024

To better understand how sharp changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions affect the ionosphere outflows at high latitudes, we analyze an event observed on 17 July 2002 showing suprathermal (tens to hundreds of eV) outflowing H+ ions in the lobe driven by the impact of an interplanetary (IP) shock. A spacecraft in the lobe at altitudes of ∼6.5 RE first observed enhanced downward DC Poynting fluxes ∼2 min after the shock impact and then, another 8 min later, the appearance of suprathermal outflowing H+ ions as ion beams and ion conics. The increasing downward DC Poynting fluxes and the increasing outflowing H+ fluxes that appeared later were highly correlated because they shared a similar increasing trend with a time scale of ∼5 min. To explain such time delay and correlation, we conclude that a plausible scenario was that the enhanced DC Poynting fluxes reached down to lower altitudes, drove processes to accelerate the pre‐existing polar wind ions to ion beams and ion conics, and then these newly generated suprathermal ions flowed upward to the spacecraft altitudes. This event indicates that an IP shock can drive a significant amount of suprathermal H+ outflows from the polar cap.
Study of Ionospheric Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Based on GOLD Observations
Authors: Zou Jiahao , Li Xing , Ren Zhipeng , Cao Jinbin
Published: September 2024

Using peak electron density data from the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) imager, equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) from October 2018 to December 2022 are identified in this paper. The occurrence characteristics of EPBs is statistically analyzed. The results show that EPBs have strong seasonal and longitudinal variations in the range of longitude −60°–0° and magnetic latitude 25° to −20°: (a) The occurrence of EPBs is highest during the spring and autumn equinoxes and lowest during the summer. (b) Equinox asymmetry is found, that the occurrence of EPBs is much higher in autumn than in spring. (c) A peak in the longitudinal distribution of EPBs is observed, with the highest occurrence occurring between −10° and 0° longitude. Additionally, a second peak is evident at −50° longitude in autumn. The GOLD imager is capable of conducting prolonged observations of EPBs in the same region from space, thereby offering a novel perspective on EPBs.
Effects of Tidal Range and Significant Wave Height on Delta Development
Authors: Sloan Ewan , Dodd Nicholas , Briganti Riccardo
Published: September 2024

Only around 40% of rivers globally have deltas, but the conditions which inhibit or facilitate river delta formation are not well understood. Many studies have investigated the response of delta development to marine and river conditions. However, few have investigated the limits of such processes beyond which delta formation may be prevented, and none have done so using numerical modeling. This is in part due to ambiguity in the definition of the term “delta,” which can make identification difficult in ambiguous cases. Here we propose a systematic method for identifying deltas, based on: accumulation of sediment above the low tide water level; proximity of such deposits to the initial coastline; and the presence of active channels. We run 42 simulations with identical river and sediment discharges, under combinations of significant wave height and tidal range typical for coasts globally, and determine if/when a delta is formed by this definition. Where deltas do form, we classify four formational regimes—river‐controlled, river/tide‐controlled, wave‐controlled, and wave/tide‐controlled—and discuss the mechanisms of delta development for each regime. Furthermore, we find that, under the discharge conditions considered, delta formation is prevented for combinations of, approximately, significant wave heights of and tidal ranges . We hypothesize that inhibition of delta formation can be explained as a consequence of sufficient marine‐driven alongshore sediment transport. This is tested by deriving a 1D alongshore sediment diffusion equation, and comparing predictions made using this formula to the cross‐shore integrated sediment volumes of the simulations.
Coincident Lake Drainage and Grounding Line Retreat at Engelhardt Subglacial Lake, West Antarctica
Authors: Freer B. I. D. , Marsh O. J. , Fricker H. A. , Hogg A. E. , Siegfried M. R. , Floricioiu D. , Sauthoff W. , Rigby R. , Wilson S. F.
Published: September 2024

Antarctica has an active subglacial hydrological system, with interconnected subglacial lakes fed by subglacial meltwater. Subglacial hydrology can influence basal sliding, inject freshwater into the sub‐ice‐shelf cavity, and impact sediment transport and deposition which can affect the stability of grounding lines (GLs). We used satellite altimetry data from the ICESat, ICESat‐2, and CryoSat‐2 missions to document the second recorded drainage of Engelhardt Subglacial Lake (SLE), which began in July 2021 and discharged more than 2.3 km3 of subglacial water into the Ross Ice Shelf cavity. We used differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry from RADARSAT‐2 and TerraSAR‐X alongside ICESat‐2 repeat‐track laser altimetry (RTLA) and REMA digital elevation model strips to detect 2–13 km of GL retreat since the previous drainage event in 2003–06. Combining these satellite observations, we evaluated the mechanism triggering SLE drainage, the cause of the observed GL retreat, and the interplay between subglacial hydrology and GL dynamics. We find that: (a) SLE drainage was initiated by influx from a newly identified upstream lake; (b) the observed GL retreat is mainly driven by the continued retreat of Engelhardt Ice Ridge and long‐term dynamic thinning that caused a grounded ice plain to reach flotation; and (c) SLE drainage and GL retreat were largely independent. We also discuss the possible origins and influence of a 27 km grounded promontory found to protrude seaward from the GL. Our observations demonstrate the importance of high‐resolution satellite data for improving the process‐based understanding of dynamic and complex regions around the Antarctic Ice Sheet margins.
DeepASD: a deep adversarial-regularized graph learning method for ASD diagnosis with multimodal data
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Yang Jianjun , Sun Zhongquan , Zhang Xiang , Tao Guangyu , Ding Yuan , Gu Jingjun , Bu Jiajun , Wang Haishuai
Published: September 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurological condition with multiple co-occurring comorbidities that seriously affect mental health. Precisely diagnosis of ASD is crucial to intervention and rehabilitation. A single modality may not fully reflect the complex mechanisms underlying ASD, and combining multiple modalities enables a more comprehensive understanding. Here, we propose, DeepASD, an end-to-end trainable regularized graph learning method for ASD prediction, which incorporates heterogeneous multimodal data and latent inter-patient relationships to better understand the pathogenesis of ASD. DeepASD first learns cross-modal feature representations through a multimodal adversarial-regularized encoder, and then constructs adaptive patient similarity networks by leveraging the representations of each modality. DeepASD exploits inter-patient relationships to boost the ASD diagnosis that is implemented by a classifier compositing of graph neural networks. We apply DeepASD to the benchmarking Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) data with four modalities. Experimental results show that the proposed DeepASD outperforms eight state-of-the-art baselines on the benchmarking ABIDE data, showing an improvement of 13.25% in accuracy, 7.69% in AUC-ROC, and 17.10% in specificity. DeepASD holds promise for a more comprehensive insight of the complex mechanisms of ASD, leading to improved diagnosis performance.
Single-cell sequencing analysis of multiple myeloma heterogeneity and identification of new theranostic targets
Authors: Wang Yanpeng , Peng Yuanliang , Yang Chaoying , Xiong Dehui , Wang Zeyuan , Peng Hongling , Wu Xusheng , Xiao Xiaojuan , Liu Jing
Published: September 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and incurable tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. It is necessary to clarify the heterogeneity of MM and identify new theranostic targets. We constructed a single-cell transcriptome profile of 48,293 bone marrow cells from MM patients and health donors (HDs) annotated with 7 continuous B lymphocyte lineages. Through CellChat, we discovered that the communication among B lymphocyte lineages between MM and HDs was disrupted, and unique signaling molecules were observed. Through pseudotime analysis, it was found that the differences between MM and HDs were mainly reflected in plasma cells. These differences are primarily related to various biological processes involving mitochondria. Then, we identified the key subpopulation associated with the malignant proliferation of plasma cells. This group of cells exhibited strong proliferation ability, high CNV scores, high expression of frequently mutated genes, and strong glucose metabolic activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of WNK1 as a target. Our study provides new insights into the development of B cells and the heterogeneity of plasma cells in MM and suggests that WNK1 is a potential therapeutic target for MM.
Inhibiting S-palmitoylation arrests metastasis by relocating Rap2b from plasma membrane in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Jiangli , Cao Xize , Chen Zhenshuai , Lai Birou , Xi Lingling , Zhang Jinghang , Zhu Shaohui , Qi Shiqian , Liang Yinming , Cao Fei , Zhou Binhui , Song Yu , Jiang Sheng , Wang Tianyu , Kang Xiaohong , Kong Eryan
Published: September 2024

Rap2b, a proto-oncogene upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), undergoes protein S-palmitoylation at specific C-terminus sites (C176/C177). These palmitoylation sites are crucial for Rap2b localization on the plasma membrane (PM), as mutation of C176 or C177 results in cytosolic relocation of Rap2b. Our study demonstrates that Rap2b influences cell migration and invasion in CRC cells, independent of proliferation, and this activity relies on its palmitoylation. We identify ABHD17a as the depalmitoylating enzyme for Rap2b, altering PM localization and inhibiting cell migration and invasion. EGFR/PI3K signaling regulates Rap2b palmitoylation, with PI3K phosphorylating ABHD17a to modulate its activity. These findings highlight the potential of targeting Rap2b palmitoylation as an intervention strategy. Blocking the C176/C177 sites using an interacting peptide attenuates Rap2b palmitoylation, disrupting PM localization, and suppressing CRC metastasis. This study offers insights into therapeutic approaches targeting Rap2b palmitoylation for the treatment of metastatic CRC, presenting opportunities to improve patient outcomes.
Evaluating the risk of data loss due to particle radiation damage in a DNA data storage system
Authors: Takahashi Christopher N. , Ward David P. , Cazzaniga Carlo , Frost Christopher , Rech Paolo , Ganguly Kumkum , Blanchard Sean , Wender Steve , Nguyen Bichlien H. , Smith Jake A.
Published: September 2024

DNA data storage is a potential alternative to magnetic tape for archival storage purposes, promising substantial gains in information density. Critical to the success of DNA as a storage media is an understanding of the role of environmental factors on the longevity of the stored information. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of exposure to ionizing particle radiation, a cause of data loss in traditional magnetic media, on the longevity of data in DNA data storage pools. We develop a mass action kinetics model to estimate the rate of damage accumulation in DNA strands due to neutron interactions with both nucleotides and residual water molecules, then utilize the model to evaluate the effect several design parameters of a typical DNA data storage scheme have on expected data longevity. Finally, we experimentally validate our model by exposing dried DNA samples to different levels of neutron irradiation and analyzing the resulting error profile. Our results show that particle radiation is not a significant contributor to data loss in DNA data storage pools under typical storage conditions.
Dual client binding sites in the ATP-independent chaperone SurA
Authors: Schiffrin Bob , Crossley Joel A. , Walko Martin , Machin Jonathan M. , Nasir Khan G. , Manfield Iain W. , Wilson Andrew J. , Brockwell David J. , Fessl Tomas , Calabrese Antonio N. , Radford Sheena E. , Zhuravleva Anastasia
Published: September 2024

The ATP-independent chaperone SurA protects unfolded outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from aggregation in the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria, and delivers them to the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) for folding into the outer membrane (OM). Precisely how SurA recognises and binds its different OMP clients remains unclear. Escherichia coli SurA comprises three domains: a core and two PPIase domains (P1 and P2). Here, by combining methyl-TROSY NMR, single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), and bioinformatics analyses we show that SurA client binding is mediated by two binding hotspots in the core and P1 domains. These interactions are driven by aromatic-rich motifs in the client proteins, leading to SurA core/P1 domain rearrangements and expansion of clients from collapsed, non-native states. We demonstrate that the core domain is key to OMP expansion by SurA, and uncover a role for SurA PPIase domains in limiting the extent of expansion. The results reveal insights into SurA-OMP recognition and the mechanism of activation for an ATP-independent chaperone, and suggest a route to targeting the functions of a chaperone key to bacterial virulence and OM integrity.
Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of dengue fever in China
Authors: Ni Haobo , Cai Xiaoyan , Ren Jiarong , Dai Tingting , Zhou Jiayi , Lin Jiumin , Wang Li , Wang Lingxi , Pei Sen , Yao Yunchong , Xu Ting , Xiao Lina , Liu Qiyong , Liu Xiaobo , Guo Pi
Published: September 2024

China has experienced successive waves of dengue epidemics over the past decade. Nationwide data on 95,339 dengue cases, 89 surveillance sites for mosquito density and population mobility between 337 cities during 2013-20 were extracted. Weekly dengue time series including time trends and harmonic terms were fitted using seasonal regression models, and the amplitude and peak timing of the annual and semiannual cycles were estimated. A data-driven model-inference approach was used to simulate the epidemic at city-scale and estimate time-evolving epidemiological parameters. We found that the geographical distribution of dengue cases was expanding, and the main imported areas as well as external sources of imported cases changed. Dengue cases were predominantly concentrated in southern China and it exhibited an annual peak of activity, typically peaking in September. The annual amplitude of dengue epidemic varied with latitude (F = 19.62, P = 0.0001), mainly characterizing by large in southern cities and small in northern cities. The effective reproduction number Reff across cities is commonly greater than 1 in several specific months from July to November, further confirming the seasonal fluctuations and spatial heterogeneity of dengue epidemics. The results of this national study help to better informing interventions for future dengue epidemics in China.