bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reagentless molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical biosensor for single-step detection of troponin I in biofluids
Authors: Ayman Saleh Mahmoud , Khorrami Jahromi Arash , Shieh Hamed , Siavash Moakhar Roozbeh , del Real Mata Carolina , Mahshid Sara
Published: May 2024

A novel combination of Prussian blue, coated as an embedded redox probe on a gold working electrode, and a signal-off MIP assay has been proposed in an electrochemical format for the reagentless detection of troponin I in biofluids.
Preparation and application of a Cu-doped antimony electrode to improve the performance of pH measurement in seawater
Authors: Li Zhen , Zong Li , Xu Tao , Zhang Caiyun , Liu Chao
Published: May 2024

The prepared Cu–Sb alloy electrode exhibits superior stability in seawater, while maintaining its pH performance.
Large scale and oxygen vacancy VO2 porous thin sheets to enable high-performance zinc ion storage
Authors: He Qingqing , Liao Yanxin , Xue Mengda , Wang Huayu , Bai Jie , Chen Lingyun
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report the first result of large scale and oxygen vacancy VO2 porous thin sheets for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Iron-catalyzed decarboxylative radical addition to chiral azomethine imines upon visible light
Authors: Fall Arona , Magdei Mihaela , Savchuk Mariia , Oudeyer Sylvain , Beucher Hélène , Brière Jean-François
Published: May 2024

Eco-efficient LMCT based redox-neutral iron-catalyzed decarboxylative radical addition to chiral azomethine imines upon visible light.
Direct C–H alkylation of 3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-ones with N-(acyloxy)phthalimides via radical–radical cross coupling
Authors: Hota Sudhir Kumar , Singh Gulshan , Murarka Sandip
Published: May 2024

An organophotoredox-catalyzed direct Csp3–H alkylation of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones employing N-(acyloxy)phthalimides to provide corresponding products in good yields is described.
Local mechanism for magnetoelastic coupling and magnetic frustration in high-pressure synthetized NixTi2S4 intercalated sulfide
Authors: Silva R. S. , Rodrigues J. E. , Gainza J. , Serrano-Sánchez F. , Skorynina A. , Nemes N. M. , Martínez J. L. , Alonso J. A.
Published: May 2024

The local atomic arrangement correlates to the short-range magnetic interactions mediated by electron hopping between Ni eg states, suggesting the occurrence of magnetoelastic coupling and magnetic frustration in Ni0.8Ti2S4.
Novel ZnWO4 yolk–shell microspheres: interface regulation and high removal efficiency for Pb2+
Authors: Wang Miao , Liu Kelin , Sun Tongming , Tang Yanfeng
Published: May 2024

Hierarchical nanoflake-assembled hierarchical ZnWO4 yolk–shell microspheres were prepared and exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for Pb2+.
Optical characterization of a single molecule complete spatial orientation using intra-molecular triplet–triplet absorption
Authors: Trojanowicz Remigiusz , Douillard Ludovic , Vargas Lydia Sosa , Charra Fabrice , Vassant Simon
Published: May 2024

Using fluorescence and triplet–triplet absorption, we retrieve the three-dimensional orientation of a single fluorescent molecule: the orientation of its singlet absorption dipole moment and the orientation of the molecular plane around the latter.
A carbon nanotube metamaterial sensor showing slow light properties based on double plasmon-induced transparency
Authors: Pan Yizhao , Chen Fang , Li Yuchang , Yang Wenxing , Sun Lihui , Yi Zao
Published: May 2024

The proposed asymmetric semi-ring structure based on carbon nanotubes can achieve double plasmon-induced transparency effects.
Exploring transmembrane allostery in the MexB: DB08385 variant as a promising inhibitor-like candidate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance: a computational study
Authors: Bera Abhishek , Mukherjee Shreya , Patra Niladri
Published: May 2024

Discovery of an allosteric binding pocket in the transmembrane domain of the MexB L protomer, where Variant 1 induces an ‘O–L intermediate state,' reducing antibiotic efflux.
InterMat: accelerating band offset prediction in semiconductor interfaces with DFT and deep learning
Authors: Choudhary Kamal , Garrity Kevin F.
Published: May 2024

We introduce a computational framework (InterMat) to predict band offsets of semiconductor interfaces using density functional theory (DFT) and graph neural networks (GNN).
Eight-coordinate mono- and dinuclear Dy(iii) complexes containing a rigid equatorial plane and an anisobidentate carboxylate ligand in the axial position: synthesis, structure and magnetism
Authors: Kalita Pankaj , Kumari Kusum , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Vierandra , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Rogez Guillaume , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: May 2024

Octacoordinate mononuclear Dy(iii) complexes, [Dy(LN3O2Ph)(Ph3PO)(OOCR)] (where R = C6H5 (1), C(CH3)3 (2), CF3 (3)) and a dinuclear complex, [Dy2(LN3O2Ph)2(Ph3PO)2{(OOC)2C6H4}] (4) were synthesized. Complexes 1 and 4 showed SMM behaviour.
Efficient access to hexaaryl-substituted borazines in batch and continuous-flow
Authors: Nazari Khodadadi Alireza , Cela Ejdi , Marchionni Dario , Huang Fan , Ferlin Francesco , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: May 2024

Green inspired synthesis of hexaaryl-substituted borazines.
Sustainable upgrading of glycerol into glycidol and its derivatives under continuous-flow conditions
Authors: Sivo Alessandra , Montanari Ilaria , Ince Mert Can , Vilé Gianvito
Published: May 2024

This study develops a safe and efficient flow process to convert glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct, into glycidol and its derivatives. The method has significant environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional glycidol synthesis routes.
Direct remote Csp2–H transformation of aromatic amines enabled by organophotoredox catalysis
Authors: Gou Quan , Yu Mengting , Chen Qianqiong , Gu Chengyi , Zhu Qianhua , Ding Ruoxi , Tang Mi , Zhao Qingsheng , Shi Jianwei , Huang Huisheng
Published: May 2024

An organophotoredox-catalyzed difluoromethylation of aromatic amines was developed for green, environmentally friendly, sustainable, and expedient access to high value-added para-difluoromethylated compounds with excellent regioselectivities.
Correction: Microwave facile preparation of highly active and dispersed SBA-12 supported metal nanoparticles
Authors: Campelo Juan Manuel , Conesa Tomas David , Gracia Maria Jose , Jurado Maria Jose , Luque Rafael , Marinas Jose Maria , Romero Antonio Angel
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Microwave facile preparation of highly active and dispersed SBA-12 supported metal nanoparticles’ by Juan Manuel Campelo et al., Green Chem., 2008, 10, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.1039/B801754A.
A two-step chromatographic purification method for Ni for its isotopic analysis by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Li Lingke , Wu Fei , Liu Yongsheng , He Tao , Lin Jie , Zhang Wen , Li Rui , Chen Haihong , Zong Keqing , Zeng Zhen , Hu Zhaochu
Published: May 2024

The new purification procedure for Ni isotope analysis presented here is both economical and time-efficient, improving the ability for further investigation of Ni isotope geochemistry in various geological and environmental systems.
Multiple on-line active valves based centrifugal microfluidics for dynamic solid-phase enrichment and purification of viral nucleic acid
Authors: Li Shunji , Wan Chao , Xiao Yujin , Liu Changgen , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Ying , Yuan Huijuan , Wu Liqiang , Qian Chungen , Li Yiwei , Chen Peng , Liu Bi-Feng
Published: May 2024

Fully integrated centrifugal microfluidic chip for dynamic solid-phase extraction, enrichment and purification of nucleic acid.
Dynamic measurement of airway surface liquid volume with an ex vivo trachea-chip
Authors: Scott Michael , Lei Lei , Bierstedt Kaleb C. , McCray Paul B. , Xie Yuliang
Published: May 2024

An “ex vivo trachea chip” integrates a tissue explant with a micromachined device, enables dynamic measurements of airway surface liquid volume, and reveals physiology of airway surface liquid secretion and absorption.
WormSpace μ-TAS enabling automated on-chip multi-strain culturing and multi-function imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans at the single-worm level on the China Space Station
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Zhong Runtao , Chang Wenbo , Chen Kexin , Wang Mengyu , Yuan Shuqi , Liang Zheng , Wang Wei , Wang Chao , Tong Guanghui , Zhang Tao , Sun Yeqing
Published: May 2024

This paper describes a fully integrated microfluidic system (WormSpace μ-TAS) for automated on-chip multi-strain culturing and multi-function imaging of C. elegans at the single-worm level on the China Space Station.
Organic indoor PV: vanishing surface recombination allows for robust device architecture
Authors: Jiang Xueshi , Siegmund Bernhard , Vandewal Koen
Published: May 2024

A simplified, yet performant indoor OPV architecture is demonstrated with extended absorber thickness and without electron transport layer.
Utility of silver nanoparticles embedded on a covalent organic framework as a highly active catalyst for carboxylative cyclization with CO2: a sustainable route for production of tetronic acids and oxazolidinones
Authors: Nandi Dip Kumar , Haque Najirul , Biswas Surajit , Siddiqui Nasir A. , Khan Aslam , Islam Sk Manirul
Published: May 2024

The rising amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is a concern regarding our environment.
Crystal structure and electronic structure calculations of a novel organic triphosphate complex: excellent electrochemical properties with ultra-efficient lithium storage capacity
Authors: Makhlouf Jawher , El Bakri Youness , Bian Wensheng , Ahsin Atazaz , Al-Salahi Rashad , Valkonen Arto , Smirani Wajda
Published: May 2024

A new organic–inorganic hybrid molecule, cyclohexyl ammonium dihydride triphosphate, was synthesized at room temperature with slow evaporation, yielding a new triphosphate complex HO10P3·(C6H14N)4·2(H2O) using the chemical ion exchange process.
Highly efficient peroxymonosulfate activation by cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in alginate-derived carbon for methylene blue degradation
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Shi Yunlong , Liu Yue , Zhang Jiayi , Qin Yuhong , Song Xiaomao , Lin Qiang , Yu Changjiang , Shang Anqi , Fei Yuxiao
Published: May 2024

BC@Co-T was prepared via a one-step carbothermal method from alginate-Co2+. A possible mechanism whereby BC@Co-9 activates PMS is proposed. Possible pathways for the degradation of MB by BC@Co-9–PMS are suggested.
Facile construction of flower-like MoO2/MoS2 heterostructures encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon for high-performance sodium-ion storage
Authors: Li Chao , Cao Kangzhe , Lu Sitong , Li Qing , Zhang Yu
Published: May 2024

The synergistic effects of multiple components and heterogeneous structures endow the MoO2/MoS2@NC anode with improved reaction kinetics for SIBs.
Pure red-emitting composites with nearly 100% solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield obtained via the in situ growth of Sr2+-doped hybrid halide CsPb(Br,I)3 perovskite quantum dots in mesoporous silica
Authors: Wang Deyin , Guo Junlu , Qiang Li , Wang Yuhua
Published: May 2024

A near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield red-emitting composite peaking at 635 nm was prepared by the in situ growth of Sr2+-doped CsPb(Br0.4I0.6)3 perovskite quantum dots in mesoporous silica.
TiO2/SiO2 spiral crimped Janus fibers engineered for stretchable ceramic membranes with high-temperature resistance
Authors: Jiao Wenling , Cheng Wei , Fei Yifan , Zhang Xiaohua , Liu Yitao , Ding Bin
Published: May 2024

Stretchable and elastic ceramic nanofibrous membranes composed of TiO2/SiO2 composite nanofibers with helical crimp structures were constructed innovatively which possessed excellent high-temperature insulation and flame retardant properties.
Constructing a medium-entropy spinel oxide FeNiMnO4/CeO2 heterojunction as a high-performance electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Zhichao , Shi Yuxuan , Li Zexu , Ding Fan , Ren Yilun , Li Fengqi , Bian Haifeng , Wang Cong , Yang Yurong , Gu Jian , Tang Shaochun , Ma Yujie , Deng Yu , Meng Xiangkang
Published: May 2024

Medium-entropy oxides are commonly employed as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrolysers aimed at producing sustainable hydrogen.
Construction of a novel nickel-based MOF with accessible oxygen sites for efficient CH4/N2 separation
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Tang Yuhao , Zhao Zhiwei , Lu Mengyue , Wang Xiaoqing , Li Jinping , Yang Jiangfeng
Published: May 2024

A novel Ni-based MOF material, TUTJ-201Ni, with accessible oxygen sites, was constructed. The material displayed ultrahigh thermal stability, showing a high separation performance for CH4/N2 mixture.
Comparative assessment of UV-C radiation and non-thermal plasma for inactivation of foodborne fungal spores suspension in vitro
Authors: Kulišová Markéta , Rabochová Michaela , Lorinčík Jan , Maťátková Olga , Brányik Tomáš , Hrudka Jan , Scholtz Vladimír , Jarošová Kolouchová Irena
Published: May 2024

The comparative efficacy of UV radiation and non-thermal plasma (NTP) on key foodborn fungal contaminants was studied. UV-C radiation (254 nm) did not significantly suppress the metabolic activity of cells are spore germination whereas NTP exhibited almost 100% effectiveness.
Photodissociation of leucine-enkephalin protonated peptide: an experimental and theoretical perspective
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Lara , Ranković Miloš Lj. , Canon Francis , Nahon Laurent , Giuliani Alexandre , Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Martin-Somer Ana
Published: May 2024

Competing fragmentation pathways for far ultraviolet photodissociation (FUV-PD) of protonated leucine enkephalin. Mechamisms for excited and ground state fragmentation.
High-efficiency color-tunable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence from organic–inorganic metal halides via synergistic inter/intramolecular interactions
Authors: Zhou Lei , Li Kailei , Chang Yuanyuan , Yao Yuan , Peng Yuqi , Li Ming , He Rongxing
Published: May 2024

A high-efficiency, color-tunable ultralong RTP system based on metal-halide hybrids has been developed, which shows forward-looking application prospects in the fields of information encryption, anti-counterfeiting and dynamic optical data storage.
Polymetallic amorphous materials: research progress in synthetic strategies and electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Cao Meng , Li Wenyang , Li Tianxiang , Zhu Fulong , Wang Xin
Published: May 2024

Amorphous materials, being in a metastable state and having many “dangling bonds”, are more active than crystalline materials.
Unexpected p-type thermoelectric transport arising from magnetic Mn substitution in Fe2V1−xMnxAl Heusler compounds
Authors: Jha Rajveer , Tsujii Naohito , Garmroudi Fabian , Khmelevskyi Sergii , Bauer Ernst , Mori Takao
Published: May 2024

An anomalous p-type thermopower was realised for nominally n-doped Fe2V1−xMnxAl, via localized magnetic Mn impurity states at the band edges. A relatively large power factor 2.2 mW K−2 m−1 and ZT ∼ 0.1 could be obtained for the p-type full Heuslers.
A black electrochromic device based on a CuI film for energy-efficient applications
Authors: Shen Ruipeng , Li Yingai , Zhang Yu-Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao-An
Published: May 2024

An electrochromic device based on a CuI film has been designed and fabricated, which increases the content of Cu ions in the device. The device shows excellent bistability and optical modulation ability after parameter optimization.
MXene quantum dot functionalized bimetallic MOFs as a label-free aptasensor for highly sensitive detection of exosomes
Authors: Su Xue , You Qiannan , Wang Panyong , Li Li , Ge Mingfeng , Yang Li , Dong Wen-Fei , Chang Zhimin
Published: May 2024

A schematic illustration of the construction of a CuNi-MOFs@MQDs-based aptasensor for exosome sensing.
Evaluation of zinc sulfide heterostructures as catalysts for the transformation of CO2 into valuable chemicals and clean energy generation
Authors: Ejeromedoghene Onome , Abdulwahab Khadijat Olabisi , Udofia Inemesit Asukwo , Kumi Moses , Nejo Ayorinde Olufunke
Published: May 2024

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) and doped ZnS have gained significant attention for the potential catalytic transformation of CO2 into useful compounds.
Dynamic synergy of tin in the electron-transfer layer and absorber layer for advancing perovskite solar cells: a comprehensive review
Authors: Shaikh Azaharuddin Saleem , Yadav Subhash Chand , Srivastava Abhishek , Kanwade Archana R. , Tiwari Manish Kumar , Rajore Shraddha Manohar , Satrughna Jena Akash Kumar , Dhonde Mahesh , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: May 2024

A schematic summary of this review highlights tin as an alternative to lead in perovskite solar cells. Lead toxicity limits its commercial potential, which tin perovskites can overcome with their enhanced optoelectronic properties.
Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol is required for dimerisation of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centre-light harvesting 1 core complex
Authors: Martin Elizabeth C. , Bowie Adam G.M. , Wellfare Reid Taylor , Neil Hunter C. , Hitchcock Andrew , Swainsbury David J.K.
Published: May 2024

The reaction centre-light harvesting 1 (RC-LH1) core complex is indispensable for anoxygenic photosynthesis. In the purple bacterium Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides RC-LH1 is produced both as a monomer, in which 14 LH1 subunits form a C-shaped antenna around 1 RC, and as a dimer, where 28 LH1 subunits form an S-shaped antenna surrounding 2 RCs. Alongside the five RC and LH1 subunits, an additional polypeptide known as PufX provides an interface for dimerisation and also prevents LH1 ring closure, introducing a channel for quinone exchange that is essential for photoheterotrophic growth. Structures of Rba. sphaeroides RC-LH1 complexes revealed several new components; protein-Y, which helps to form the quinone channel; protein-Z, of unknown function and seemingly unique to dimers; and a tightly bound sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) lipid that interacts with two PufX arginine residues. This lipid lies at the dimer interface alongside weak density for a second molecule, previously proposed to be an ornithine lipid. In this work we have generated strains of Rba. sphaeroides lacking protein-Y, protein-Z, SQDG or ornithine lipids to assess the roles of these previously unknown components in the assembly and activity of RC-LH1. We show that whilst the removal of either protein-Y, protein-Z or ornithine lipids has only subtle effects, SQDG is essential for the formation of RC-LH1 dimers but its absence has no functional effect on the monomeric complex.
Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform
Authors: Groen Eline , Mummery Christine L. , Yiangou Loukia , Davis Richard P.
Published: May 2024

Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
Exploring the conformational landscapes of protein kinases: perspectives from FRET and DEER
Authors: Baker Zachary D. , Rasmussen Damien M. , Levinson Nicholas M.
Published: May 2024

Conformational changes of catalytically-important structural elements are a key feature of the regulation mechanisms of protein kinases and are important for dictating inhibitor binding modes and affinities. The lack of widely applicable methods for tracking kinase conformational changes in solution has hindered our understanding of kinase regulation and our ability to design conformationally selective inhibitors. Here we provide an overview of two recently developed methods that detect conformational changes of the regulatory activation loop and αC-helix of kinases and that yield complementary information about allosteric mechanisms. An intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer-based approach provides a scalable platform for detecting and classifying structural changes in high-throughput, as well as quantifying ligand binding cooperativity, shedding light on the energetics governing allostery. The pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance technique double electron-electron resonance provides lower throughput but higher resolution information on structural changes that allows for unambiguous assignment of conformational states and quantification of population shifts. Together, these methods are shedding new light on kinase regulation and drug interactions and providing new routes for the identification of novel kinase inhibitors and allosteric modulators.
Modification of extracellular matrix proteins by oxidants and electrophiles
Authors: Yang-Jensen Karen C. , Jørgensen Sara M. , Chuang Christine Y. , Davies Michael J.
Published: May 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to biological architecture and determines cellular properties, function and activity. In many situations it is highly abundant, with collagens and elastin being some of the most abundant proteins in mammals. The ECM comprises of multiple different protein species and sugar polymers, with both different isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs) providing a large variety of microenvironments that play a key role in determining tissue structure and health. A number of the PTMs (e.g. cross-links) present in the ECM are critical to integrity and function, whereas others are deleterious to both ECM structure and associated cells. Modifications induced by reactive oxidants and electrophiles have been reported to accumulate in some ECM with increasing age. This accumulation can be exacerbated by disease, and in particular those associated with acute or chronic inflammation, obesity and diabetes. This is likely to be due to higher fluxes of modifying agents in these conditions. In this focused review, the role and effects of oxidants and other electrophiles on ECM are discussed, with a particular focus on the artery wall and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Modifications generated on ECM components are reviewed, together with the effects of these species on cellular properties including adhesion, proliferation, migration, viability, metabolic activity, gene expression and phenotype. Increasing data indicates that ECM modifications are both prevalent in human and mammalian tissues and play an important role in disease development and progression.
Nucleosomal asymmetry: a novel mechanism to regulate nucleosome function
Authors: Valsakumar Devisree , Voigt Philipp
Published: May 2024

Nucleosomes constitute the fundamental building blocks of chromatin. They are comprised of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer formed of two copies each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Nucleosomal histones undergo a plethora of posttranslational modifications that regulate gene expression and other chromatin-templated processes by altering chromatin structure or by recruiting effector proteins. Given their symmetric arrangement, the sister histones within a nucleosome have commonly been considered to be equivalent and to carry the same modifications. However, it is now clear that nucleosomes can exhibit asymmetry, combining differentially modified sister histones or different variants of the same histone within a single nucleosome. Enabled by the development of novel tools that allow generating asymmetrically modified nucleosomes, recent biochemical and cell-based studies have begun to shed light on the origins and functional consequences of nucleosomal asymmetry. These studies indicate that nucleosomal asymmetry represents a novel regulatory mechanism in the establishment and functional readout of chromatin states. Asymmetry expands the combinatorial space available for setting up complex sets of histone marks at individual nucleosomes, regulating multivalent interactions with histone modifiers and readers. The resulting functional consequences of asymmetry regulate transcription, poising of developmental gene expression by bivalent chromatin, and the mechanisms by which oncohistones deregulate chromatin states in cancer. Here, we review recent progress and current challenges in uncovering the mechanisms and biological functions of nucleosomal asymmetry.
A closer look at mammalian antiviral condensates
Authors: Watkins J. Monty , Burke James M.
Published: May 2024

Several biomolecular condensates assemble in mammalian cells in response to viral infection. The most studied of these are stress granules (SGs), which have been proposed to promote antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, including the RLR-MAVS, the protein kinase R (PKR), and the OAS-RNase L pathways. However, recent studies have demonstrated that SGs either negatively regulate or do not impact antiviral signaling. Instead, the SG-nucleating protein, G3BP1, may function to perturb viral RNA biology by condensing viral RNA into viral-aggregated RNA condensates, thus explaining why viruses often antagonize G3BP1 or hijack its RNA condensing function. However, a recently identified condensate, termed double-stranded RNA-induced foci, promotes the activation of the PKR and OAS-RNase L antiviral pathways. In addition, SG-like condensates known as an RNase L-induced bodies (RLBs) have been observed during many viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and several flaviviruses. RLBs may function in promoting decay of cellular and viral RNA, as well as promoting ribosome-associated signaling pathways. Herein, we review these recent advances in the field of antiviral biomolecular condensates, and we provide perspective on the role of canonical SGs and G3BP1 during the antiviral response.
Experiment of electrothermal stress for different types of end turn grading in the inverter‐fed form‐wound windings
Authors: Zhao Wenhuan , Wang Peng , Zhu Yingwei , Zhang Yue , Yang Shuai , Liu Yan , Shi Yang , Yu Chaofan
Published: May 2024

End turn grading with resistive–capacitive coupling experiences severe electrothermal stress when subjected to pulse width modulation (PWM) voltage. In this paper, several experiments and simulations were carried conducted for four types of end turn grading. First of all, the temperature rise in the end turn grading increased with a decrease in rise time. When the rise time was less than 500 ns, the temperature rise at the terminal was higher owing to the increased capacitive current coupled from the main wall insulation. Further, the current in the linear region exhibited minimal variation at different fundamental frequencies resulting in synchronized the temperature rise at the terminal and overlap. Furthermore, the jump voltage was the key factor influencing temperature rise in end turn grading, confirmed by comparing different voltage magnitudes. Finally, the transient behaviour of the maximum field in the stress grading material was determined at rise time. The experimental and simulation results indicate that balancing and interdependently addressing the electrical and thermal stress protection in end turn grading is crucial. The study aims to provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for an insulation system of inverter‐fed rotating machinery operating under PWM voltage.
Signature of systemic rotation in 21 galactic globular clusters from APOGEE-2
Authors: Petralia Ilaria , Minniti Dante , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Lane Richard R. , Schiavon Ricardo P.
Published: May 2024

Context. Traditionally, globular clusters (GCs) have been assumed to be quasi-relaxed non-rotating systems, characterized by spherical symmetry and orbital isotropy. However, in recent years, a growing set of observational evidence has been unveiling an unexpected dynamical complexity in Galactic GCs. Indeed, kinematic studies have demonstrated that a measurable amount of internal rotation is present in many present-day GCs.

Aims. The objective of this work is to analyse the APOGEE-2 value-added catalog (VAC) DR17 data of a sample of 21 GCs to extend the sample exhibiting signatures of systemic rotation and better understand the kinematic properties of GCs overall. Also, we aim to identify the fastest rotating GC from the sample of objects with suitable measurements.

Methods. From the sample of 23 GCs included in this work, the presence of systemic rotation was detected in 21 of the GCs, using three different methods. All these methods use the radial velocity referred to the cluster systemic velocity (Ṽr). Using the first method, it was possible to visually verify the clear-cut signature of systemic rotation; whereas using the second and third methods, it was possible to determine the amplitude of the rotation curve (Arot) and the position angle (PA) of the rotation axis.

Results. This study shows that 21 GCs have a signature of systemic rotation. For these clusters, the rotation amplitude and the position angle of the rotation axis (PA0) have been calculated. The clusters cover a remarkable range of rotational amplitudes, from 0.77 km s−1 to 13.85 km s−1.
Comparing bulge RR Lyrae stars with bulge giants
Authors: Olivares Carvajal J. , Zoccali M. , De Leo M. , Contreras Ramos R. , Quezada C. , Rojas-Arriagada Á. , Valenti E. , Albarracín R. , Valenzuela Navarro Á.
Published: May 2024

Context. The structure and kinematics of the old component of the Galactic bulge are still a matter of debate. It is clear that the bulk of the bulge as traced by red clump stars includes two main components, which are usually identified as the metal-rich and metal-poor components. They have different shapes, kinematics, mean metallicities, and alpha-element abundances. It is our current understanding that they are associated with a bar and a spheroid, respectively. On the other hand, RR Lyrae variables trace the oldest population of the bulge. While it would be natural to think that they follow the structure and kinematics of the metal-poor component, the data analysed in the literature show conflicting results.

Aims. We aim to derive a rotation curve for bulge RR Lyrae stars in order to determine that the old component traced by these stars is distinct from the two main components observed in the Galactic bulge.

Methods. This paper combines APOGEE-2S spectra with OGLE-IV light curves, near-infrared photometry, and proper motions from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey for 4193 RR Lyrae stars. Six-dimensional phase-space coordinates were used to calculate orbits within an updated Galactic potential and to isolate the stars.

Results. The stars that stay confined within the bulge represent 57% of our sample. Our results show that bulge RR Lyrae variables rotate more slowly than metal-rich red clump stars and have a lower velocity dispersion. Their kinematics is compatible with them being the low-metallicity tail of the metal-poor component. We confirm that a rather large fraction of halo and thick disc RR Lyrae stars pass by the bulge within their orbits, increasing the velocity dispersion. A proper orbital analysis is therefore critical to isolate bona fide bulge variables. Finally, bulge RR Lyrae seem to trace a spheroidal component, although the current data do now allow us to reach a firm conclusion about the spatial distribution.
Investigation of the impact of cycloidal gear pin tooth wear on transmission error in precision planetary cycloidal reducers
Authors: Xu Hang , Wei Chenzhou , Gui Wei , Yang Shufeng , He Yuanchun , Xie Guiping , Wu Yaoting
Published: May 2024

In light of the alteration pattern of transmission error following wear of a cycloid gear and needle tooth, this study employs the precision planetary cycloidal 80E reducer as an example. Theoretical deduction and simulation analysis of the change in transmission error were conducted, relying on the Archard wear model and an error model. Utilizing the principles of Archard wear theory and error theory, a functional relationship between wear duration and transmission error is deduced. Subsequently, a dynamic simulation of the 3D model is executed using ADAMS software, and the simulation results are processed with MATLAB software. A comparative and analytical examination is conducted between the theoretical curve and the simulation curve of transmission error to explore the influence of the cycloid gear and needle tooth wear on transmission error. Finally, the precision of the simulation results is further confirmed through experimental validation. The findings revealed that the transmission error curve gradually increased during the initial wear of the cycloid gear and the needle tooth, with the rate of increase increasing proportionally with wear duration. By comparing the theoretical calculations, simulation outcomes, and experimental results, the validity and accuracy of the transmission error calculations grounded in Archard wear theory and error theory are confirmed. This research provides a theoretical basis for accurately predicting the survival of precision planetary cycloidal reducers throughout the lifespan.
The effect of WC-12Co and CrC-NiCr hard coatings applied by HVOF method on the microstructure, mechanical, and surface properties of steel
Authors: Celik Ilhan , Benli Bayram
Published: May 2024

In today’s world, the use of metals is widespread across various industries, with St37 steel plying a significant role. However, over time, this metal undergoes significant deterioration in its mechanical and physical properties, mainly due to factors such as corrosion and wear. Rather than using expensive methods such as alloying to extend the life of the metal, a more economical and practical approach is to focus on improving the surface properties. Surface engineering techniques, particularly thermal spraying, offer a viable solution. Among thermal spray techniques, High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying stands out as an economical and time-saving method for producing materials, equipment or machine components with high resistance to damage mechanisms such as corrosion, erosion and wear. This study investigates the application of tungsten carbide and chromium carbide-nickel chromium coatings to St37 steel surfaces using the HVOF method. Microhardness measurements were carried out after coating to evaluate the mechanical properties, while scratch and wear tests were carried out to determine the tribological properties. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the structural characteristics of the samples. The results indicate the formation of phases such as Cr3C2, NiCr and W2C on the low-alloy steel surface after the tungsten carbide and chromium carbide-nickel-chromium coating processes. Coating thicknesses of 204 and 239 µm were achieved for tungsten carbide and chromium carbide-nickel-chromium, respectively. These coatings contributed to improved mechanical and tribological properties. The WC-12Co coated sample exhibited the highest hardness value (1304 HV0.1), while the CrC-NiCr coated sample recorded the highest critical load value in the scratch test (48 N). The WC-12Co coated samples showed the best wear resistance.
Influence of operating parameters on metal flow and thermal characteristics in an EMBr-single-ruler controlled CSP funnel-shaped mould
Authors: Xu Lin , Tang Meiling , Lyu Ze , Li Nan , Liu Cong , Pei Qunwu
Published: May 2024

Electro-magnetic brake (EMBr), as a necessary technique to adjust the metal flow within the mould, has been extensively applied in the continuous casting (CC) production. The EMBr technique, if appropriately applied, can take the benefit of braking effect to weaken jet impingement effect, suppress fluid disturbance and stabilize surface fluctuation. As a result, to obtain a reasonable flow pattern within the CC mould, the braking performance of EMBr technique needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the variation of operational parameters. In this article, to obtain a braking performance of a commonly used EMBr-single-ruler technique within an optimal range, the effect of operating parameters on the metal liquid flow and thermal characteristics in a compact strip production (CSP) thin slab mould is described through a 3-D mathematical modeling of multi-physical field coupling. The results illustrate that the braking performance of the EMBr-single-ruler device is weakened with the increase of the casting speed or the mould width. For the effect of the casting speed and mould width on the metal flow with the application of an EMBr device, an optimum braking performance of the EMBr-single-ruler device can be obtained under the matching parameters of a magnetic induction intensity of 0.30 T and a casting speed of 4.5 m ∙ min‒1 together with a mould width of 1500 mm. Relative to the absence of the EMBr-single-ruler device, the maximum surface fluctuation height is controlled at 6.2 mm, and the mean surface temperature is raised to 1803.6 K. Based on these findings, we conclude that the proper utilization of the EMBr-single-ruler device can avoid the entrainment of flux powder and improve the melting performance of flux powder.
Wolfe type duality on quasidifferentiable mathematical programs with vanishing constraints
Authors: Mishra Shashi Kant , Singh Vandana
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the study of duality results for optimization problems with vanishing constraints in nonsmooth case. We formulate Wolfe type dual and establish weak, strong, converse, restricted converse and strict converse duality results for mathematical programs with vanishing constraints involving quasidifferentiable functions. Under the assumption of invex and strictly invex functions with respect to a convex compact set.
Update zur ESC-Leitlinie Kardioonkologie
Authors: Romann Sebastian Welf , Frey Norbert , Lehmann Lorenz
Published: May 2024

Was ist neu?

Die kardioonkologische Leitlinie, veröffentlicht in Zusammenarbeit mit der EHA (Europäische Gesellschaft für Hämatologie), der ESTRO (Europäische Gesellschaft für therapeutische Radiologie und Onkologie) und der ESC (Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie), bietet 272 Empfehlungen zur Risikostratifizierung vor Therapiebeginn, zum Monitoring während der Therapie und zur Behandlung therapieassoziierter kardiovaskulärer Nebenwirkungen.

Risikostratifizierung Bei allen onkologischen Patienten soll vor Beginn einer neuen Systemtherapie eine Risiko-Einordnung durchgeführt werden. Anhand dieser staffelt sich die Empfehlung zur weiteren kardiologischen Betreuung während der Chemotherapie.

Individualisierte Strategien In einzelnen Bereichen, bspw. bei Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren oder zur möglichen protektiven Wirkung von Statinen bei Anthrazyklin-Therapie, gibt es neuere Daten, die noch nicht in der Guideline berücksichtigt werden konnten.

Protektion und Behandlung toxischer Nebenwirkungen Generell sollte bei moderater oder schwerer Kardiotoxizität eine Unterbrechung oder ein Abbruch der Therapie erwogen werden. Gegebenenfalls kann die Hinzunahme eines ACE-Blockers, Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blockers oder eines Betablockers erwogen werden.

Echokardiografische Parameter Die Leitlinie empfiehlt die Parameter LVEF und GLS, doch muss eine Therapieentscheidung, basierend auf dem GLS allein, nach aktueller Datenlage abgelehnt werden.

Praktische Umsetzung Die Leitlinie betont die Bedeutung interdisziplinärer Betreuung zwischen Onkologen und Kardiologen.

Wie geht es weiter in der Kardioonkologie? Eine weitere Individualisierung der kardioonkologischen Therapie ist wünschenswert und sollte das Ziel sein. KI-gestützte Systeme sollten weiterentwickelt und etabliert werden.
„Spiritual/Existential Care interprofessionell“ – ein Schulungskonzept für Gesundheitsfachberufe
Authors: Gerundt Mareike , Giebel Astrid
Published: May 2024

In dem Curriculum „SpECi©“ lernen Gesundheitsfachkräfte, wie sie mit existenziellen Fragen und Nöten sowie spirituellen Anliegen und Bedürfnissen schwer kranker und sterbender Menschen umgehen und so die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen fördern können.
Duftreise mit ätherischen Ölen
Authors: Meichelböck Hannah
Published: May 2024

Entspannungsverfahren können dabei helfen, eine depressive Symptomatik zu bewältigen oder ihr vorzubeugen. Nach einer Imaginationsübung melden Patient*innen häufig zurück, dass sie diese als „eine kleine Auszeit” oder „Abstand zum depressiven Alltag” empfinden, sie aber gleichzeitig durch Grübeln und Konzentrationsstörungen beeinträchtigt sind. Können Patient*innen besser von Imaginationsübungen profitieren, wenn neben dem Hör- auch der Geruchssinn angesprochen wird?
Resozialisierung durch Prävention von Mobbing fördern
Authors: Reichert Andreas
Published: May 2024

Mobbing gehört bei der Arbeit mit Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden zum Alltag, das gilt auch für junge Straftäter*innen im Maßregelvollzug. Um dieses Verhalten zu bearbeiten und die Erst- sowie Resozialisierung der jungen Menschen zu fördern, implementierte die Jugendforensik der Karl-Jaspers-Klinik in Bad Zwischenahn 2017 das manualisierte Gruppenprogramm Fairplayer.
Vom Mut, neue Ansätze auszuprobieren
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Immer weniger Fachkräfte versorgen immer mehr, meist multimorbide Patienten. Um dem Fachkräftemangel entgegenzuwirken, bedarf es neben verbesserten politischen Rahmenbedingungen auch innovativer Lösungsansätze der Arbeitgeber.
Optimizing Surgical Outcomes and the Role of Preventive Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cauley Ryan P. , Rahmani Benjamin , Adebagbo Oluwaseun D. , Park John , Garvey Shannon R. , Chen Amy , Nickman Sasha , Tobin Micaela , Valentine Lauren , Weidman Allan A. , Singhal Dhruv , Dowlatshahi Arriyan , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T.
Published: May 2024

Background Plastic and reconstructive surgeons are often presented with reconstructive challenges as a sequela of complications in high-risk surgical patients, ranging from exposure of hardware, lymphedema, and chronic pain after amputation. These complications can result in significant morbidity, recovery time, resource utilization, and cost. Given the prevalence of surgical complications managed by plastic and reconstructive surgeons, developing novel preventative techniques to mitigate surgical risk is paramount.

Methods Herein we aim to understand efforts supporting the nascent field of preventive surgery, including (1) enhanced risk stratification, (2) medical optimization and prehabilitation, (3) surgical mitigation techniques, and (4) advancements in postoperative care. Through an emphasis on four surgical cohorts who may benefit from preventive surgery, two of which are at high risk of morbidity from wound-related complications (patients undergoing sternotomy and spine procedures) and two at high risk of other morbidities, including lymphedema and neuropathic pain, we aim to provide a comprehensive and improved understanding of preventive surgery. Additionally, the role of risk analysis for these procedures and the relationship between microsurgery and prophylaxis is emphasized.

Results Although multiple risk mitigation methods have demonstrated clear benefits, including prophylactic surgical procedures and earlier involvement of plastic surgery, their use is widely variable across institutions. Many current risk assessment tools are suboptimal for supporting more algorithmic approaches to reduce surgical risk.

Conclusion Reconstructive surgeons are ideally placed to lead efforts in the creation and validation of accurate risk assessment tools and to support algorithmic approaches to surgical risk mitigation. Through a paradigm shift, including universal promotion of the concept of “Preventive Surgery,” major improvements in surgical outcomes may be achieved.
Blunt Trauma Induced Closed Femoral Bone Fracture in a Rat Model: Are Vessels Safe to Use for Microsurgery? Further Insight into the Zone of Injury Concept
Authors: Basaran Karaca , Datli Asli , Sagir Mehmet , Sar Mehmet , Bilgi Esra
Published: May 2024

Background The study aims to investigate the zone of injury for major vessels after high-velocity traumas, as it is unclear whether avoiding vascular structures is necessary during microvascular anastomosis or how long it takes for them to be used again.

Methods This study uses Doppler ultrasonography and a rat model to evaluate the histopathological changes and flow velocity of major vessels in the zone of injury after high-velocity trauma with closed femoral bone fracture. Osteosynthesis was performed using an intramedullary wire. Samples were collected from day 3 and week 3. The unaffected contralateral side is used as control.

Results Results from arterial and venous flow assessments showed no evidence of ischemia in the extremities. Both arteries and veins were patent in both intervals and on the control side. The evaluation of the vessels showed arterial injury with a slightly reduced arterial flow on day 3 and week 3. The venous flow was slightly reduced on day 3 but not on week 3. Statistically, arterial endothelial injury was higher on day 3 than on week 3 (p = 0.006). Media inflammation was also higher on day 3 (p = 0.06). Arterial endothelization distribution was higher in week 3 (p = 0.006). No significant differences were found in arterial media irregularity, necrosis, platelet aggregation, bleeding, and wall rupture. Venous samples showed no significant differences in any parameter (p < 0.05).

Conclusion High-velocity trauma increases the risk of thrombosis in vessels. Intravascular repair can start on day 2 and continue till week 3 with significant endothelization. Although physiologic findings do not alter arterial or venous flow, histologic findings support vessel injuries leading to potential complications. Microsurgery should be considered out of the injury zone until adequate vessel healing is achieved.