bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thinking Outside the Box: Indirect Myc Modulation in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Licenziato Luca , Mazzone Eugenio , Tarantelli Chiara , Accornero Paolo , Rinaldi Andrea , Divari Sara , Leung Wilfred , Webb Suzin , De Maria Raffaella , Aresu Luca
Published: April 2024

B-cell lymphomas (BCL) is the most frequent hematological cancer in dogs. Treatment typically consists of chemotherapy, with CHOP-based protocols. However, outcome remains generally poor, urging the exploration of new therapeutic strategies with a targeted approach. Myc tran-scription factor plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes and its dysregulation is im-plicated in numerous human and canine malignancies, including canine BCL (cBCL). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of indirectly inhibiting Myc in cBCL using BI2536 and MZ1 com-pounds in two in vitro models (CLBL-1 and KLR-1201). Both BI2536 and MZ1, alone and com-bined, affected cell viability in a significant concentration and time-dependent manner. Western Blot revealed an upregulation of PLK1 expression in both cell lines upon treatment with BI2536, in association with a reduction in c-Myc protein levels. Conversely, MZ1 led to a decrease in its primary target, BRD4, along with a reduction in c-Myc. Furthermore, BI2536, both alone and in combination with MZ1, induced larger transcriptomic changes in cells compared to MZ1 alone, primarily affecting MYC target genes and genes involved in cell cycle regulation. These data un-derscore the potential role of Myc as therapeutic target in cBCL, providing a novel approach to indirectly modulate this molecule.
Disturbances in the Skin Homeostasis: The Wound Healing, a Process Yet to Be Defined
Authors: Fernández-Guarino Montserrat , Naharro-Rodriguez Jorge , Bacci Stefano
Published: April 2024

This review was written with the aim of examining the effects that caused an insult such as a wound to an organ such as the skin. Before examining the cellular mechanisms relating to wound healing, the reader is invited to read the structure of the skin as a necessary basis for understand-ing the final aim of this review. The structure of the skin as a basis for understanding the phe-nomena relating to wound healing is addressed taking into account updated literature that ad-dresses the numerous problems of the skin microenvironment. Starting from this awareness, the paragraph dedicated to wound healing becomes complicated when this phenomenon is not im-plemented and therefore the problems dedicated to chronic wounds, keloids and hypertrophic scars are addressed, pathologies that are still difficult to understand and treat today.
An Agile Approach for Adopting Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Energy Solutions with Advanced Computational Techniques
Authors: Konneh David Abdul , Howlader Harun Or Rashid , Elkholy M. H. , Senjyu Tomonobu
Published: April 2024

In the face of the burgeoning electricity demands and the imperative for sustainable
development amidst rapid industrialization, this study introduces a dynamic and adaptable
framework suitable for policy-makers and renewable energy experts working on integrating
and optimizing renewable energy solutions. While using a case study representative model for
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to demonstrate the challenges and opportunities present in introducing
optimization methods to bridge power supply deficits and the scalability of the model to other
regions, this study presents an agile multi-criteria decision tool that pivots on four key development
phases, advancing upon established methodologies and pioneering refined computational techniques,
to select optimal configurations from a set of Policy Decision Making Metrics (PDM-DPS).
Central to this investigation lies a rigorous comparative analysis of variants of three advanced
algorithmic approaches: Swarm-Based Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO),
Decomposition-Based Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA/D), and Evolutionary-Based
Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2). These are applied to a grid-connected hybrid
system, evaluated through a comprehensive 8760-hour simulation over a 20-year planning horizon.
The evaluation is further enhanced by a set of refined Algorithm Performance Evaluation Metrics
(AL-PEM) tailored to the specific constraints. The findings not only underscore the robustness
and consistency of the SPEA2 variant over 15 runs of 200 generations each, which ranks first on
the AL-PEM scale but also validate the strategic merit of combining multiple technologies and
empowering policymakers with a versatile toolkit for informed decision-making.
Early-Age Shrinkage Stress of Alkali-Activated Cement-Free Mortar Using Shrinkage Reducing Agent and Expansive Additive
Authors: Yoon Seok-ho , Oh Sung-Rok , Kim Jiyoung , Choi Sung
Published: April 2024

Cement-free concrete has superior physical performance, such as strength and durability, compared to OPC concrete, however, it has the disadvantage of large shrinkage. Large shrinkage can cause cracks due to shrinkage stress in the long term. In this study, a shrinkage reducing agent (SRA) was used to reduce the shrinkage of cement-free mortar; its content was increased from 0.0 to 1.5 %. For an SRA content of 1.0 %, a calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) expansive additive (EA) (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) was added. To calculate the shrinkage stress of cement-free mortar using the SRA and EA, the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and total and autogenous shrinkage were measured. The unit shrinkage stress of cement-free mortar was obtained by multiplying the elastic modulus by the length change and accumulated to obtain the shrinkage stress acting on the mortar according to the age. The shrinkage stress of cement-free mortar showed different tendencies as the age increased. At early ages, the shrinkage rate of the mortar occupied a large proportion of the shrinkage stress. In the long term, the shrinkage stress was significantly affected by the elastic modulus. As a result, SRA was found to be effective in reducing the shrinkage stress by decreasing both the elastic modulus and shrinkage. However, EA increased the shrinkage stress over the long term due to an increase in elastic modulus even though it compensated for early-ages shrinkage.
Exploring The Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture: A Broad Analysis of Market and Technological Applications
Authors: Necula Sabina
Published: April 2024

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, a cornerstone of modern software engineering, offers a robust framework for developing dynamic user interfaces. This paper conducts a broad analysis of MVC’s deployment across various sectors, emphasizing its critical role in technological advancement and market integration. By examining implementation strategies in web development, mobile applications, and enterprise solutions, the study illustrates how MVC enhances application manageability, promotes efficient code reuse, and facilitates parallel development. The paper explores the adoption of MVC principles within major technologies such as Java, .NET, and JavaScript frameworks, underlining its widespread acceptance. Additionally, the analysis covers the preferential use of MVC frameworks within diverse market sectors including technology enterprises, educational institutions, e-commerce, and financial services, which leverage MVC for superior data management and user experience. Emerging trends such as the shift towards the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architecture and the integration of MVC with artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are also discussed. This comprehensive review not only reaffirms MVC’s enduring relevance but also its adaptive evolution in response to emerging technological demands and market needs.
[FeIIICl(TMPPH2)][FeIIICl4]2: A Stand-Alone Molecular Nanomedicine that Induces High Cytotoxicity by Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Xiao , Feng Jia-Hao , Zeng Chun-Mei , Zhang Ze-Sheng , Cao Feng-Lin , Zhang Wen-Hua , Chen Jin-Xiang , Mao Yiming , Young David James
Published: April 2024

Developing clinically meaningful nanomedicines for cancer therapy requires the drugs to be effective, safe, simple, cheap, and easy to store. In the present work, we report that a simple cationic Fe(III)-rich salt of [FeIIICl(TMPPH2)][FeIIICl4]2 (Fe-TMPP) exhibits a superior anticancer performance toward a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines, including breast, colorectal cancer, liver, pancreatic, prostate, and gastric cancers, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the range of 0.098−3.97 μM (0.066−2.68 μg mL−1), and comparable to the best-reported medicines. Fe-TMPP can forms stand-alone nanoparticles in water without the need for extra surface modification or organic-solvent-assisted antisolvent precipitation. Critically, Fe-TMPP is TME-responsive (TME = tumor microenvironment), and can only elicit its function in the TME with overexpressed H2O2, converting H2O2 to the cytotoxic •OH to oxidize the phospholipid of the cancer cell membrane, causing ferroptosis, a programmed cell death process of cancer cells.
The Weighty Responsibility of Creating AI Navigating Control and Ethics
Authors: U Zaman Budee
Published: April 2024

The generation at the helm faces an unprecedented responsibility in the near future of artificial intelligence. The implications of setting up the founding rules that will regulate the operation of AI are heavy since after they’re set they last forever. Once this first AI is commenced, it can be such that no other subsequent AIs could emerge thereby assuming dominion over its own creation stand. As a result, retaining control becomes necessary. Lest humanity surrender agency to its own creation. At this juncture of big talks, critical issue are raised concerning AI administration owners. Is it appropriate for only a few people to have unrestricted control on AI commands while leaving out all precautionary measure? Therefore, we have to always consider between control and constraint when dealing with AI issues which involves authority plays off against morality. The direction Artificial Intelligence takes in the future depends on the decisions made by today’s generation. We will determine how we are viewed historically in terms of technology based on how well we take on such an important duty. There’s a major turning point ahead of us where we who are the stewards of tomorrow must make a choice that protects humanity’s right to self-determination and also exploits the power of AI for change.
Parental migration and the social and mental wellbeing challenges among Indonesia left-behind children: A qualitative study
Authors: Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Seran Alfonsa Liquory , Aylward Paul , Mwanri Lillian , Ward Paul Russell
Published: April 2024

Parental labour migration, either one or both parents, has been associated with various challenges among left-behind children (LBC). However, there is a limited understanding of the LBC’s own views and experiences of social and mental wellbeing and how the new daily life circumstances they encounter following their parents’ migration impact them. This study aimed to understand the influence of parental migration and its aftermath on the social and mental wellbeing of children and adolescents (referred to as LBC) in two rural districts in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative design, data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with LBC (n=24) aged 14 to 18 years, recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data were thematically analysed, guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that parental migration negatively impacted the social wellbeing of LBC. This impact was reflected in negative labelling from friends and changes in familial roles which influenced their social interactions and activities with peers. Parental migration also caused challenges to the mental wellbeing of LBC. These manifested in the LBC experiencing fractured emotional bonds, leading to negative emotions, including stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, frustration, loss of motivation, and self-imposed isolation, which were associated with their parents’ migration and abrupt disruptions in parent-child communication. The transition to new life situations with caregivers after parental migration and the dynamics within the caregivers’ households were additional factors that detrimentally affected their mental well-being. Unmet basic needs and educational needs due to financial hardships faced by mothers and caregivers, further exacerbated mental health challenges for the children. The findings indicate the importance and improvement of policies and interventions in Indonesia (e.g., counselling services, non-cash food assistance, family hope program, direct cash assistance) that cover and address the diverse needs of mothers or caregivers and the LBC.
Zonons Are Solitons Produced by Rossby Waves’ Ringing
Authors: Cohen Nimrod , Galperin Boris , Sukoriansky Semion
Published: April 2024

Along with the familiar Rossby–Haurwitz waves, two-dimensional flows on the surface of a rotating sphere in the regime of zonostrophic turbulence harbour another class of waves known as zonons. Zonons are wave packets produced by energetic large-scale Rossby–Haurwitz wave modes `enslaving’ other wave modes. They propagate westward with the phase speed of the enslaving modes. Zonons can be visualized as enslaving modes’ `ringing’ in the enslaved ones with the frequencies of the former, the property that renders zonons non-dispersive. Zonons reside in high-shear regions confined between the opposing zonal jets yet they are mainly attached to westward jets and sustained by the ensuing barotropic instability. They exchange energy with the mean flow while preserving their identity in a fully turbulent environment, a feature characteristic of solitary waves. The goal of this study is to deepen our understanding of zonons’ physics using direct numerical simulations, a weakly non-linear theory, and asymptotic analysis, and ascertain that zonons are indeed isomorphic to solitary waves in the Korteweg - de Vries framework. Having this isomorphism established, the analysis is extended to eddies detected in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn based upon the observed mean zonal velocity profiles and earlier findings that circulations on both planets obey the regime of zonostrophic macroturbulence. Not only the analysis confirms that many eddies and eddy trains on both giant planets indeed possess properties of zonons, but the theory also correctly predicts latitudinal bands that confine zonal trajectories of the eddies.
Assessing the Impact of Urban Expansion on the Urban Environment in Riyadh City (2000–2022) Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Alajizah Shaykhah Mohammed , Altuwaijri Hamad Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Previous studies separately addressed the impact of urban expansion on vegetation cover and thermal conditions, as well as its effect on moisture and drought indicators, using geospatial techniques. Some studies, such as those by Malah et al. (2021) and Niu and Li (2020), focused on assessing urban environmental quality using an environmental quality index without considering urban expansion. Meanwhile, other studies, like those conducted by Indrawati et al. (2020), primarily focused on evaluating urban environ-ments using an integrated environmental index consisting of four indicators (greenness, moisture, drought, and cumulative clustering). The study by Zhu et al. (2019) applied the same integrated environmental index (IEI) and, by comparing it with temperature, re-vealed a negative correlation illustrating the effects of the environmental index on land surface temperature (LST). These two studies could be utilized to construct an index assessing the environmental condition in Riyadh. This is the case in the present study, where the addition of a temperature indicator due to the hot desert nature of the study area created the Urban Environmental Thermal Index to evaluate the urban en-vironment and provide results suitable to this region. It is expected that the present study will align with the findings of previous relevant studies, showing a negative im-pact of urban expansion on urban environmental components.
Relationships Among Crisis Leadership, Innovation Capability, Implementation of Business Continuity Management, and Sustainable Performance in The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Universitas Ciputra, Kurniawan Daniel , Tambunan Damelina B. , Dewi Grace Citra
Published: April 2024

"Research Aims: This study explores the dynamics between crisis leadership (CLE) and sustainable performance (SP) during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating the mediating roles of innovation capability (IC) and business continuity management (BCM). Design/Methodology/Approach: Utilising questionnaires from 209 respondents and employing quantitative approaches, this research examines the connections between CLE, IC, BCM, and SP, employing PLS-SEM for analysis. Research Findings: CLE significantly influences both IC and BCM, while IC positively impacts SP. This study also highlights the moderating roles of IC and BCM in enhancing organisational resilience. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The study unveils the substantial influence of CLE on IC and BCM, emphasising their importance in bolstering SP. These findings deepen our understanding of crisis leadership, innovation capability, BCM, and sustainable performance dynamics. Managerial Implication in the Southeast Asian Context: IPMA findings underscore BCM's significance for organisational sustainability, emphasising its alignment with effective CLE. Prioritising BCM alongside fostering IC is essential for organisational adaptability and innovation. Research Limitation & Implications: While focusing on specific variables, the study acknowledges the potential influence of other factors that are not mentioned. Future research should explore these aspects, incorporating the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory for a comprehensive understanding."
Resilience, Self-efficacy, Openness to Change, and Innovativeness of MSME Owners: A Quantitative-Qualitative Integration Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors:   College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, Angeles Imelda T.
Published: April 2024

"Research Aims: Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have consistently demonstrated their resilience in the face of economic challenges, particularly during crises. This study delves into how the experiences of MSMEs before, during, and after the COVID-19 crisis have translated into resilience, self-efficacy, openness to change, and innovativeness as they responded to the unprecedented challenges posed by the pandemic. Design/Methodology/Approach: This mixed-methods study combines the quantitative analysis of the characteristics of MSME owners with their narratives of their experiences during the COVID-19 crisis, translating adversity into an opportunity. Research Findings: The integrated results showed how the quantitative-qualitative insights enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics that supported resilience, resulting in maximum utilisation of technology, expansion of networks, and the creation of community enterprises. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The integration of Psychological Capital Theory into the discussion provides a nuanced lens through which we can understand how MSMEs effectively harness their vulnerabilities to foster resilience, self-efficacy, openness to change, and innovativeness. Managerial Implications in the South East Asian Context: The findings of this study offer valuable insights for small and medium-sized enterprises in Southeast Asia seeking to develop crisis management strategies. By emphasising the pivotal characteristics of entrepreneurs, these strategies can enhance the agility and resilience of business owners in the face of adversity. Research Limitations & Implications: Future research could examine COVID-19's longitudinal and comparative effects on Southeast Asian MSMEs. These studies can help explain how small businesses adapt to and evolve to meet difficulties."
Moving Up Trainees’ Motivation for Using On-job Training: Relationship between Leaders’ Support and Trainees’ Motivation for Learning
Authors: Ismail Azman , Asha'ari Maryam Jamilah , Foboy Siti Nurul Afiqah , Hanafi Wan Noordiana Wan , Nor Azmawaty Mohamad , Husin Tehsapuan
Published: April 2024

"Research Aims: This study examined the relationship between leaders’ support and trainees’ learning outcomes and the relationship between leaders’ support, trainees’ motivation for learning, and trainees’ motivation for using on-job training. Design/Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional research design was employed to collect 226 self-report questionnaires from employees at military healthcare organisations in Peninsular Malaysia. The SmartPLS was used to assess the quality of the measurement model and test the structural model. Research Findings: This study confirmed that trainees’ motivation for learning is an essential mediating construct in the relationship between leaders’ support and trainees’ motivation for using on-job training. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This study disclosed that trainees’ motivation for learning can indirectly affect the relationship between leaders’ support and trainee’s motivation to use on-job training. This outcome was consistent with and extended the prior studies conducted in Southeast Asia and other countries. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian context: The findings can help leaders understand the multidimensional perspectives of trainees’ motivation for learning construct and the importance of leaders and members at various hierarchical levels to maintain and enhance their organisational performance and competitiveness in 21st-century globalisation and uncertainty economy. Research Limitations & Implications: Methodological and conceptual constraints must be considered to improve future studies."
Integrity and Legitimacy of Halal Products: The Urgency of Halal Supply Chain Management Technology Adoption in Halal Product Authentication Traceability Evidence from Indonesia
Authors:   Bangka Belitung University, Nugroho Ari Agung , Sumiyati Sumiyati , Hamsani Hamsani
Published: April 2024

"Research Aims: This research aims to determine how technology, integrity, and the environment affect traceability of halal product certification and its relationship with Halal Value Chain (HVSC) Management in micro, small and medium processing industries. Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative research utilised survey data from 285 respondents who are processing industry players throughout Indonesia. Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) is applied for data analysis. Research Findings: The study's findings indicate that technology adoption and environmental factors have a significant effect on HVSC traceability. The authentication and legitimacy of halal products are positively impacted by technology adoption, among others, which contributes to the overall product integrity. The research findings also indicate government support as an important factor. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: This research is one of the first studies related to supply chain legitimacy and authentication in the context of micro, small, and medium businesses in Indonesia, a country with a Muslim majority and many micro-businesses where these businesses have direct contact with “from farm to fork or table” end customers. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: This research offers valuable contribution for managers and policymakers in South East Asia in formulating authentic halal product policies in terms of HVSC. Research Limitations & Implications: This research can benefit from a larger sample size, preferably from larger companies, for generalisation. Moreover, expanding the research across borders and employing a mixed-method approach could offer further insights to overcome supply chain challenges in the future."
Preference Signaling in the Orthopaedic Surgery Match: Applicant and Residency Program Attitudes, Behaviors, and Outcomes
Authors: Guthrie Stuart Trent , Dagher Tanios , Essey-Stapleton Jodi , Balach Tessa
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

The orthopaedic surgery match has experienced a consistent increase in both the number of applicants and applications submitted per applicant. Preference signaling was implemented during the 2022 to 2023 application cycle in part to curtail the rising application burden on both applicants and residency programs. Our aim was to explore the impact of the preference signaling system on applicant and residency program leader attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes.

Methods:

We distributed surveys to American Orthopaedic Association/Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors member program leaders (program directors, assistant program directors, and program coordinators) and applicants registered for the Electronic Standardized Letter of Recommendation after Universal Interview Offer Day 2022 (Fall Survey) and Match Day 2023 (Spring Survey). The surveys contained multiple-choice and numeric response questions on attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes that were analyzed and reported as percentages and medians, respectively. Open-text responses were reviewed for dominant themes.

Results:

One hundred program leaders and 378 applicants (47%) completed the Fall Survey, and 146 program leaders and 290 applicants (36%) completed the Spring Survey. A majority of applicants (71%) and program leadership (91%) support the continued use of signaling. Applicants reported a 16% reduction in the number of programs to which they applied. Program directors largely used signaling as a tool for screening applications (75%), with few programs using signaling in the ranking process (20%). Applicants reported that 81% of their interviews were from programs they signaled. Slightly more than half of programs (53%) reported filling their last slot at a higher rank order position than the average of the previous 5 years. Qualitative analysis suggests a need for more transparency in the use of signals, consideration of application and/or interview caps, and reconsideration of the other components of the application.

Conclusion:

Preference signaling in the orthopaedic surgery match was met with positive feedback and led to a reduction in the number of applications. Future research will examine the continued impact of preference signaling and assess alterations for optimizing the match process.
Randomized controlled study protocol for surgical treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation
Authors: Xue Shilin , Xu Nanfang , Chen Zan , Li Fangcai , Wang Xiangyang , Xia Yingpeng , Shen Qingfeng , Wang Bing , Wang Shenglin
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD) poses a complex surgical challenge, necessitating a critical evaluation of available strategies. Surgical approaches under consideration encompass the simple posterior approach and the combined anterior and posterior approach. The former offers procedural simplicity but has inherent limitations in the extent of reduction. In contrast, the latter approach holds the potential for a more comprehensive and reliable release and reduction. However, it also presents an elevated risk of infection and surgical complexity. The choice between these two strategies remains a controversy. In this article, we delineate the framework of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Our aim is to systematically investigate the optimal surgical approach for managing IAAD, providing insights into the most efficacious and safest course of action.
Methods and Analysis:
Study Design: This protocol represents a collaborative effort among six medical centers. It endeavors to enroll 70 IAAD patients, stratified into two distinct trial groups: the "Simple Posterior Surgery Group" and the "Combined Anterior and Posterior Surgery Group".
Primary Outcome Measures: The primary endpoints of this trial encompass a comprehensive radiological assessment and the systematic tracking of postoperative effects.
Secondary Outcome Measures: In addition to the primary endpoints, this study will encompass the meticulous evaluation of specific adverse events. Additionally, we will quantify the improvement in quality of life observed within 12 months post-surgery.
Ethics and Dissemination:
This research endeavor has received full ethical clearance from the Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH) Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (IRB00006761-M2023203). All enrolled participants will provide informed consent voluntarily. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the findings of this study will be disseminated in a scholarly manner. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal to be published as an academically rigorous report.
Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov QA57. NCT05847270. 09/26/2023
Etiology and mortality of patients with altered level of consciousness in the emergency room: a multicenter analysis before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
Authors: Kim Keun Tae , Seo Jong-Geun , Park Jung A , Jung Chang‑Gyu , Jeon Jae Cheon , Kwon Doo Hyuk
Published: April 2024

New-onset altered level of consciousness (ALC) is challenging in emergency rooms (ERs), requiring focused attention. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare systems globally, influencing ER dynamics. This study compared ALC before (BC) and after (AC) the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, focusing on etiology, disposition, and outcomes. This was a retrospective, multicenter study of four university hospitals in charge of an area of about five million people in South Korea. All cases were reviewed within a consortium of board-certified faculties and compared between BC (February 2018 to January 2020) and AC (March 2021 to February 2023. We reviewed to find 17,913 patients who visited the ER due to ALC, of whom 7,988 and 9,925 were in BC and AC, respectively. The overall incidence of ALC in the ER was 3.1%, higher in AC (BC vs. AC, 2.5% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001). The most common etiology was Metabolic cause (24.8%), followed by Systemic infection (18.0%). Intracranial etiologies accounted for 29.7% of the total. Hospitalization rate increased from BC to AC (54.5–59.3%, p < 0.001). The overall mortality was 16.2%, and 5.3% of the patients with ALC died in the ER. ALCs dut to cardiogenic and vascular etiology had the highest mortality (26.8%). This study marks the first investigation on ALC in the ER comparing BC and AC.
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome provides insights into the effects on different tissues by overexpression and knockout of NtLHT1
Authors: Xing Jiaxin , Wang Wenyuan , Mi Qili , Zhang Lumin , Yang Wenwu , Xu Li , Jiang Jiarui , Xiang Haiying , He Wei , Gao Qian
Published: April 2024

NtLHT1 is a multifunctional amino acid transporter involved in plant development and defense responses. This study investigated the effects of NtLHT1 knockout (LHT1-KO) and overexpression (LHT1-OE) on metabolic and transcriptomic profiles across three tobacco organs-leaves, stems and roots. Metabolomics analysis showed LHT1-KO and LHT1-OE caused significant changes in metabolites from various pathways, particularly amino acids, flavonoids, lipids, and terpenoids, with the specific effects differing across organs. RNA-seq transcriptomics revealed major organ-specific transcriptional changes caused by LHT1-KO and LHT1-OE. In leaves, LHT1-KO specifically downregulated genes involved in photosynthesis like MENG and TMN7, while LHT1-OE upregulated DNA replication and photosynthesis genes. In stems, LHT1-OE induced phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes but in roots it induced carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, these multi-omics analyses demonstrate that NtLHT1 has heterogeneous effects across different tobacco organs, highlighting the complexity of its functional roles in plant amino acid transport, vegetative growth and Secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
3D-printing of calcium phosphates at nanoscale resolution
Authors: Zreiqat Hala , Roohani Iman , Wang Shuning , Xu Chaohui , Newman Peter , Entezari Ali , Lai Yichen
Published: April 2024

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are ubiquitous in biological structures, such as vertebrate bones and teeth, and have diverse biomedical applications. Shaping CaPs at the nanoscale in 3D can unlock new possibilities in a myriad of research and industrial applications. However, fabricating inorganic materials such as CaPs with designed 3D nanostructures remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce a novel approach to 3D print CaP structures with unprecedented sub-300 nm resolution, achieving a level of detail three orders of magnitude finer than current state-of-the-art additive manufacturing techniques for CaPs. This advancement is achieved by leveraging a bioinspired chemistry using bone prenucleation clusters, within a photoresist. This technique also enables nanopatterning of CaPs on ceramics and metals, and precise engineering of the microstructure down to the level of a single nanograin. This method will offer new frontiers in developing bioinspired metamaterials, damage-tolerant lightweight materials, cell-modulating interfaces, precision-engineered coatings, and targeted drug delivery nanovehicles.
The effect of time to neurosurgical or neuroradiological intervention therapy on outcomes after traumatic brain injury, a registry-based observational study
Authors: Pansiritanachot Wasin , Riyapan Sattha , Shin Sang Do , Chantanakomes Jirayu , Thirawattanasoot Netiporn , Rangabpai Wichayada , Somboonkul Bongkot , Jeong Joo , Song Kyoung Jun , Chiang Wen-Chiu , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faizah , Kajino Kentaro
Published: April 2024

Background
The evidence regarding the effect of time to neurosurgical and neuroradiological intervention on outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of time to hospital interventions on outcomes after TBI.
Methods
Adult TBI patients who received any neurosurgical or neuroradiological interventions during the year 2015-2022 in the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study database were analyzed, excluding patients with unknown exposure information and unknown outcomes. The time to intervention, as the main exposure, was classified into three groups (Early, Intermediate, and Delayed) using the Restricted Cubic (RC) Spline analysis. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes. W score was calculated to compare the quality of care among exposure groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and interaction analysis were performed to identify the association between the exposure groups and outcomes by calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
A total of 1,780 patients were included. From the RC Spline analysis, patients were classified into three groups according to time to intervention: Early (<1.9 h), Intermediate (1.9-4.1 h), and Delayed (>4.1 h). According to the time to intervention, W score was -8.6 in the early group, -1.1 in the intermediate group, and +0.4 in the delayed group. Patients receiving intermediate and delayed intervention had a significantly lower mortality (AOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86 and AOR 0.66, 95%CI 0.48-0.90, respectively).
Conclusion
The early neurosurgical and neuroradiological interventions were associated with higher mortality in TBI patients, regardless of transportation modes. The quality of care should be focused and improved during the early hours of TBI.
Discrepancy between Physical Functional Decline and Physical Concerns among Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fujisawa Chisato , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Sugimoto Taiki , Nakashima Hirotaka , Komiya Hitoshi , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Nagae Masaaki , Yamada Yosuke , Tajima Tomihiko , Sakai Tomomichi , Sakurai Takashi
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To examine the extent to which patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) perceive their own physical decline.
Methods
This study included 4585 outpatients (1036 normal cognition, 1712 aMCI, and 1837 mild AD) who visited a memory clinic. The patients and their families were asked about fear of falling, dizziness or unsteadiness, knee pain, and visual and hearing impairment. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between physical concerns and AD stage. The proportion of patients who had physical functional decline without physical concerns was also calculated according to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.
Results
The number of physical concerns decreased from the aMCI stage, but actual physical function declined. The proportion of patients who had impaired physical function but no physical concerns increased as MMSE score decreased.
Conclusion
There was a discrepancy between physical concerns and physical functional decline among AD patients.
Building the Fracture Network Model for the Okuaizu Geothermal Field Based on Microseismic Data Analysis
Authors: Darisma Dian , Mukuhira Yusuke , Okamoto Kyosuke , Aoyogi Naoki , Uchide Takahiko , Ishibashi Takuya , Asanuma Hiroshi , Ito Takatoshi
Published: April 2024

Understanding the flow behavior in a geothermal reservoir is important to manage sustainable geothermal energy extrapolation and contribute to the growth of further geothermal energy usage. Fluid flow in geothermal reservoirs generally occurs in complex existing fracture systems in which reservoirs are situated in highly fractured rock. To model such a fracture system as a discrete fracture model, a fracture’s location and orientation are computed with a statistical process and observational data. In many cases, 1D borehole logging data still has not been well worked. In this study, we use microseismic data to build a fracture network system and extract the detailed position and dimension of fractures. This study uses microseismic data recorded at the Okuaizu Geothermal Field, Fukushima prefecture, Japan, from 2019 to 2021. First, we located the hypocenter locations, removing the effect of uncertainty in velocity structure related geothermal fluids. Then, we relocated and clustered the seismic events based on waveform similarity. Then, we analyze each cluster to define fracture orientation using principal component analysis (PCA) and focal mechanism (FM). We used the P polarity with the S/P ratio as a constraint for a better fault plane solution. With PCA, we also can extract the fracture dimension of each cluster. Our clustering analysis showed that clusters were not always plannar as fractures, and we interpreted them as fracture zones. According to the consistency between the PCA and FM, each cluster/fracture zone was identified into three conceptual models to characterize the fracture network system in this field. The proposed model shows variations in the orientation of small fractures within the fracture zone. We characterized the spatial variation of the fracture distribution and orientations in the reservoir with these models and exhibited the fracture network system of this field. The fracture zone near the injection well has strike N-S, and the dip is above 80°, but the fracture zone in the northeastern part of the injection well has strike in NW-SE with a dip between 60° and 80°. The fracture network system estimated from this study is crucial for robust reservoir modeling as our model is more realistic, observation-orientated, and includes local anomalies of the reservoir properties.
Metabolic flexibility and liver function following leucine supplementation during caloric restriction
Authors: Pathak Kaveri , Soares Mario , Yun Zhao , Calton Emily
Published: April 2024

Background. Metabolic flexibility (MF) is the capacity to switch from fat to carbohydrate utilization when required, and MF is constrained in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We determined whether l-leucine (Leu) supplementation enhanced resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), MF, insulin sensitivity and liver function during caloric restriction (CR).
Methods. Thirty-seven participants at risk of MetS completed a parallel, double-blind RCT comparing Leu vs placebo during CR. REE and RQ were measured before and every 15 min for 2hr following an OGTT. Blood samples were assayed for clinical chemistry, liver function tests (LFT) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Stumvoll’s insulin sensitivity index (ISI), fatty liver index (FLI) and integrated area under response curves were calculated for REE (iREE) and RQ (iRQ). Metabolic flexibility was defined by iRQ following the OGTT. All measurements were made at the start and end of the trial.
Results. Adjusted for pre-trial values and other covariates, fasting REE, RQ, ISI, LFTs, FLI or FGF21 were not different. There were no differences in postprandial iREE, 2hr_FGF21 or 2hr_ISI. However, Leu resulted in a significantly greater iRQ following CR. Partial correlations indicated that iRQ was significantly related to 2hr_ISI (r = 0.53;p = 0.002) and negatively to fasting alanine amino transferase (ALT) (r= -0.52;p = 0.001). iREE was significantly but negatively related to other liver function parameters.
Conclusion. Leu supplementation improved MF over CR but did not impact REE, ISI and liver function. Overall, there were significant interrelationships between energy metabolism, ISI and liver function.
RETRACTED: FPGA-based Hardware/Firmware Co-Design for Real-Time Radiometric Correction Onboard Microsatellite
Authors: GHELAMALLAH. Youcef , RACHEDI Azzeddine
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Changes of leucine-rich alpha 2 glycoprotein could be a marker of changes of endoscopic and histologic activity of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Aoyama Yuki , Hiraoka Sakiko , Yasutomi Eriko , Inokuchi Toshihiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Takei Kensuke , Igawa Shoko , Takeuchi Keiko , Takahara Masahiro , Toyosawa Junki , Yamasaki Yasushi , Kinugasa Hideaki , Kato Jun , Okada Hiroyuki , Otsuka Motoyuki
Published: April 2024

Leucine-rich alpha 2 glycoprotein (LRG) is one of the promising serum biomarkers for disease activity of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, several previous reports suggested that the correlation of absolute values of LRG with endoscopic/histologic activity was superior to that of CRP but inferior to those of fecal markers. Here, we focused on the correlation between the changes of LRG and the changes of endoscopic and histologic activity of UC, in comparison to the changes of fecal calprotectin (Fcal), fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients with UC who underwent two or more colonoscopies were enrolled. The comparison of the changes in marker levels with the change of endoscopic/histologic activity in 123 paired colonoscopies of 79 patients revealed that the strength of the correlation in LRG (r = 0.42/0.40) was almost similar to that of fecal markers (Fcal; r = 0.50/0.39 and FIT; r = 0.41/0.40) and better than that of CRP (r = 0.22/0.17). LRG is equivalent to fecal markers and superior to CRP, when inferring changes in disease activity of UC based on changes in its level.
Assessing current environmental conditions and Climate Change Influences on Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland: An Endemic Species and Economic Resource for Extractive Communities as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems
Authors: Mendes Débora Sampaio , Borges Cláudia Eduarda , Oliveira Eduarda Aparecida , Batista Adriene Caldeira , Conceição Crislaine Alves , Duque Tayna Sousa , Araújo Fausto Henrique Vieira , Moreira Vinicius Henrique , Nascimento Vanessa Gonçalves do , Coelho Fernanda de Aguiar , Farnezi Priscila Kelly Barroso , Silva Ricardo Siqueira da
Published: April 2024

Capim dourado, also known as sedinha, refers to the everlasting flower Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae), prized for its use in crafting and as a significant income source for communities in Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Tocantins, Brazil. This plant is also utilized in the creation of highly valued jewelry and accessories on the global market. This study aims to ascertain the thermal and humidity thresholds of S. nitens while mapping and predicting its current and future distribution. Initially, distribution data was gathered through a literature review, supplemented by biological temperature and humidity data collected from the Quilombola Raiz Community in Minas Gerais and a germination experiment conducted at the Integrated Multi-User Research Laboratory of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (LIPEMVALE). Climate Index (CLIMEX) parameters were defined using biological information and occurrence locations. Maps were generated using ArcGIS. The optimal temperature range for S. nitens development is between 18°C and 24°C, with minimum and maximum thresholds of 5°C and 40°C respectively. Ninety-two occurrence records were found, all situated in South America, aligning with high climate suitability regions as per the model predictions. Future projections for 2050 and 2100 indicate a decrease in areas suitable for S. nitens. These findings provide crucial insights for decision-making, necessitating measures such as widespread monitoring, collaborative conservation efforts, and the establishment of sustainable use zoning to manage S. nitens effectively.
Cardiac structure and function of elite Australian jockeys differs to the general population: An observational cross-sectional study.
Authors: Farley Angela , Bennett Hunter , Eston Roger , Perry Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Background
The objective of this study was to compare measures of cardiac structure and function of professional jockeys to that of the general population. To determine if there are differences in heart structure and function detected using echocardiography in registered Australian jockeys when compared to the general population. It was hypothesised that remodelling of cardiac structure and function would be detected in jockeys when compared to the general population. The cardiovascular changes resulting from the physical demands of thoroughbred racing remain unexplored in this population of athletes. Australian jockeys and participants from the general population underwent two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography, which included all standard views and measurements in accordance with the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Each measurement was compared between groups using a Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
Forty-six Australian jockeys (35 ± 12 years) and thirty-three age- and gender-matched (36 ± 13 years) participants from the general population participated in this study. Jockeys were shorter (1.64 ± 0.07 vs. 1.75 ± 0.09m, p < 0.001), lighter (56.5 ± 6.0 vs. 74.2 ± 12.9kg, p < 0.001) and had a lower body surface area (BSA) (1.55 ± 0.17m2 vs.1.9 ± 0.2m2, p < 0.001). Jockeys had a larger absolute left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume (LVEDV) than the control group (120 ± 18.2 ml vs.109.3 ± 29.0 ml, p = 0.05) which had a larger variation when indexed for BSA (78.0 ± 12.2 ml/m2 vs. 57.5 ± 13.3 ml/m2, p < 0.001). Absolute LV mass did not differ between groups (123.8 ± 36.7g vs 124.2 ± 35.3g, p = 0.92), however jockeys demonstrated higher LV mass index (79.4 ± 18.1g/m2 vs 65.2 ± 15.4g/m2, p < 0.001). Both groups demonstrated clinically normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) with jockeys being slightly higher, but not clinically different (60.8 ± 5.2% vs. 57 ± 3%, p < 0.001). Despite this, stroke volume (SV) was lower for jockeys than the control group (64.1 ± 12.6mL vs 75.7 ± 20.7mL), however, when indexed for BSA differences were not significant (p = 0.32). Left atrial volume index (LAVi) was larger in jockeys (33.4 ± 6.5mL/m2 vs. 26.3 ± 7.0mL/m2, p < 0.001). There were no differences in global longitudinal strain (GLS) (-19.3 ± 3.0 vs. -19.8 ± 1.6%, p = 0.52).
Conclusions
Jockeys have a distinct cardiac structure and function compared to the general population. Differences are attributed to chronic physiological demands of racing and should be considered in future research involving jockeys and by practitioners working with jockey athletes.