bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induction of territorial dominance and subordination behaviors in laboratory mice
Authors: Battivelli Dorian , Boldrini Lucas , Jaiswal Mohit , Patil Pradnya , Torchia Sofia , Engelen Elizabeth , Spagnoletti Luca , Kaspar Sarah , Gross Cornelius T.
Published: November 2024

Territorial behaviors comprise a set of coordinated actions and response patterns found across animal species that promote the exclusive access to resources. House mice are highly territorial with a subset of males consistently attacking and chasing competing males to expel them from their territories and performing urine marking behaviors to signal the extent of their territories. Natural variation in territorial behaviors within a mouse colony leads to the formation of dominance hierarchies in which subordinate males can reside within the territory of a dominant male. While the full repertoire of such territorial behaviors and hierarchies has been extensively studied in wild-derived mice in semi-natural enclosures, so far they have not been established in the smaller enclosures and with the genetically-defined laboratory strains required for the application of neural recording and manipulation methods. Here, we present a protocol to rapidly induce an extensive repertoire of territorial behaviors in pairs of laboratory mice in an enclosure compatible with tethered neurocircuit techniques, including a method for the simultaneous tracking of urine marking behavior in mouse pairs. Using this protocol we describe the emergence of robust dominant-subordinate hierarchies between pairs of CD1 outbred or CD1xB6 F1 hybrid mice, but unexpectedly not in C57BL/6 inbred animals. Our behavioral paradigm opens the door for neurocircuit studies of territorial behaviors and social hierarchy in the laboratory.
Exploring the cognitive underpinnings of early hominin stone tool use through an experimental EEG approach
Authors: Affinito Simona , Eteson Brienna , Cáceres Lourdes Tamayo , Moos Elena Theresa , Karakostis Fotios Alexandros
Published: November 2024

Technological innovation has been crucial in the evolution of our lineage, with tool use and production linked to complex cognitive processes. While previous research has examined the cognitive demands of early stone toolmaking, the neurocognitive aspects of early hominin tool use remain largely underexplored. This study relies on electroencephalography to investigate brain activation patterns associated with two distinct early hominin tool-using behaviors: forceful hammerstone percussion, practiced by both humans and non-human primates and linked to the earliest proposed stone tool industries, and precise flake cutting, an exclusive hominin behavior typically associated with the Oldowan. Our results show increased engagement of the frontoparietal regions during both tasks. Furthermore, we observed significantly increased beta power in the frontal and centroparietal areas when manipulating a cutting flake compared to a hammerstone, and increased beta activity over contralateral frontal areas during the aiming (planning) stage of the tool-using process. This original empirical evidence suggests that certain fundamental brain changes during early hominin evolution may be linked to precise stone tool use. These results offer new insights into the complex interplay between technology and human brain evolution and encourage further research on the neurocognitive underpinnings of hominin tool use.
Melting simulations of high-entropy carbonitrides by deep learning potentials
Authors: Baidyshev Viktor S. , Tantardini Christian , Kvashnin Alexander G.
Published: November 2024

The melting temperature is a crucial property of materials that determines their potential applications in different industrial fields. In this study, we used a deep neural network potential to describe the structure of high-entropy (TiZrTaHfNb)CxN1−x carbonitrides (HECN) in both solid and liquid states. This approach allows us to predict heating and cooling temperatures depending on the nitrogen content to determine the melting temperature and analyze structure changes from atomistic point of view. A steady increase in nitrogen content leads to increasing melting temperature, with a maximum approaching for 25% of nitrogen in the HECN. A careful analysis of pair correlations, together with calculations of entropy in the considered liquid phases of HECNs allows us to explain the origin of the nonlinear enhancement of the melting temperature with increasing nitrogen content. The maximum melting temperature of 3580 ± 30 K belongs to (TiZrTaHfNb)C0.75N0.25 composition. The improved melting behavior of high-entropy compounds by the addition of nitrogen provides a promising way towards modification of thermal properties of functional and constructional materials.
Stakeholder perspectives on non-invasive brain stimulation
Authors: Maier Moritz Julian , Ramasawmy Perianen , Breuer Johannes , Bansen Anne , Oliviero Antonio , Northoff Georg , Antal Andrea
Published: November 2024

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have made great progress in recent years and offer boundless potential for the neuroscientific research and treatment of disorders. However, the possible use of NIBS devices for neuro-doping and neuroenhancement in healthy individuals and the military are poorly regulated. The great potentials and diverse applications can have an impact on the future development of the technology and society. This participatory study therefore aims to summarize the perspectives of different stakeholder groups with the help of qualitative workshops. Nine qualitative on-site and virtual workshops were conducted in the study with 91 individuals from seven stakeholder groups: patients, students, do-it-yourself home users of tDCS, clinical practitioners, industry representatives, philosophers, and policy experts. The co-creative and design-based workshops were tailored to each group to document the wishes, fears, and general comments of the participants. The outlooks from each group were collected in written form and summarized into different categories. The result is a comprehensive overview of the different aspects that need to be considered in the field of NIBS. For example, several groups expressed the wish for home-based tDCS under medical supervision as a potential therapeutic intervention and discussed the associated technical specifications. Other topics that were addressed were performance enhancement for certain professional groups, training requirements for practitioners, and questions of agency, among others. This qualitative participatory research highlights the potential of tDCS and repetitive TMS as alternative therapies to medication, with fewer adverse effects and home-based use for tDCS. The ethical and societal impact of the abuse of NIBS for non-clinical use must be considered for policy-making and regulation implementations. This study adds to the neuroethical debate on the responsible use and application of NIBS technologies, taking into consideration the different perspectives of important stakeholders in the field.
Associations between serum mineral concentrations and mortality by renal function in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Moissl Angela P. , Delgado Graciela E. , Kleber Marcus E. , Krämer Bernhard K. , März Winfried , Lorkowski Stefan
Published: November 2024

The association of serum concentrations of minerals and phosphate with overall and cardiovascular mortality based on renal function is poorly understood. 3307 patients (average age 62.7 ± 10.6 years) in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study were grouped by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) into three categories: < 60, 60–89, and ≥ 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2, per KDIGO 2022 guidelines and were analysed using Cox regression. Low serum sodium and iron concentrations were associated with poor renal function and increased overall mortality risk, whereas higher serum zinc concentrations were associated with reduced overall and cardiovascular mortality risk. Elevated serum copper concentrations were associated with increased mortality risk across all eGFR categories. Comparing low and normal eGFR, we observed a fourfold increase in all-cause mortality risk for eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and a twofold increase for eGFR 60–89 mL/min per 1.73 m2, accompanied by changes in serum mineral concentrations. The optimal range of mineral and phosphate concentrations in serum was strongly related to renal function. To reduce mortality risk, it’s important to regularly monitor serum mineral and phosphate concentrations as well as renal function, especially in cardiovascular patients with compromised renal function.
An iterative approach for estimating domain-specific cognitive abilities from large scale online cognitive data
Authors: Giunchiglia Valentina , Gruia Dragos-Cristian , Lerede Annalaura , Trender William , Hellyer Peter , Hampshire Adam
Published: November 2024

Online cognitive tasks are gaining traction as scalable and cost-effective alternatives to traditional supervised assessments. However, variability in peoples’ home devices, visual and motor abilities, and speed-accuracy biases confound the specificity with which online tasks can measure cognitive abilities. To address these limitations, we developed IDoCT (Iterative Decomposition of Cognitive Tasks), a method for estimating domain-specific cognitive abilities and trial-difficulty scales from task performance timecourses in a data-driven manner while accounting for device and visuomotor latencies, unspecific cognitive processes and speed-accuracy trade-offs. IDoCT can operate with any computerised task where cognitive difficulty varies across trials. Using data from 388,757 adults, we show that IDoCT successfully dissociates cognitive abilities from these confounding factors. The resultant cognitive scores exhibit stronger dissociation of psychometric factors, improved cross-participants distributions, and meaningful demographic’s associations. We propose that IDoCT can enhance the precision of online cognitive assessments, especially in large scale clinical and research applications.
Ecological interactions between marine RNA viruses and planktonic copepods
Authors: Hirai Junya , Katakura Seiji , Kasai Hiromi , Nagai Satoshi
Published: November 2024

The interactions between zooplankton and viruses, which have been overlooked despite their crucial roles in marine ecosystems, are investigated in the copepod Pseudocalanus newmani. Copepod transcriptome data reveal four novel RNA viruses and weekly zooplankton samplings detect all viruses with different prevalence peaks during low-abundance periods of P. newmani. In addition to water temperature and food quality, our results suggest that marine virus is one of the factors controlling copepod population dynamics. Gene expression analysis indicates possible increased viral replication and decreased copepod movement in P. newmani with the Picorna-like virus, which is closely related to phytoplankton viruses, and metabarcoding diet analysis detects diatoms as P. newmani’s major prey. Viral-like particles are observed in the gut contents of copepods during the high prevalence of this virus, suggesting infected copepod prey may affect copepod physiology. These results show that investigating zooplankton–virus interactions can provide a better understanding of marine ecosystems.
Ursodeoxycholic acid and severe COVID-19 outcomes in a cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform
Authors: Costello Ruth E. , Waller Karen M. J. , Smith Rachel , Mells George F. , Wong Angel Y. S. , Schultze Anna , Mahalingasivam Viyaasan , Herrett Emily , Zheng Bang , Lin Liang-Yu , MacKenna Brian , Mehrkar Amir , Bacon Sebastian C. J. , Goldacre Ben , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Tazare John , Rentsch Christopher T. ,   the OpenSAFELY collaborative,   the LH&W NCS (or CONVALESCENCE) Collaborative
Published: November 2024

Background

Biological evidence suggests ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)—a common treatment of cholestatic liver disease—may prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to compare the hazard of COVID-19 hospitalisation or death between UDCA users versus non-users in a population with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Methods

With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a population-based cohort study using primary care records between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2022, linked to death registration data and hospital records through the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between time-varying UDCA exposure and COVID-19 related hospitalisation or death, stratified by geographical region and considering models unadjusted and fully adjusted for pre-specified confounders.

Results

We identify 11,305 eligible individuals, 640 were hospitalised or died with COVID-19 during follow-up, 400 (63%) events among UDCA users. After confounder adjustment, UDCA is associated with a 21% relative reduction in the hazard of COVID-19 hospitalisation or death (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.93), consistent with an absolute risk reduction of 1.35% (95% CI 1.07%–1.69%).

Conclusions

We found evidence that UDCA is associated with a lower hazard of COVID-19 related hospitalisation and death, support calls for clinical trials investigating UDCA as a preventative measure for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Preparation of matrix-matched calibration standards for accurate determination of elemental concentrations in uric acid stones by LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Zhou Qingling , Chen Xinyi , Ao Duoduo , Hu Hui , Zhou Jianzong , Hu Yongmei , Yang Wanqing , Ke Yuqiu , Yi Xiaoqing , Xu Hui
Published: November 2024

A uric acid calibration standard (UA-1), doped with 17 elements, was prepared using a recrystallization method. The synthetic standard was verified to exhibit homogeneity, with a relative standard deviation of ca. 5%.
Rapid low-level nitrate determination by UV spectroscopy in the presence of competing ions
Authors: Mackay S. E. , Eldridge D. S. , Malherbe F.
Published: November 2024

Rapid low-level quantification of nitrate in the presence of sulfate, phosphate, chloride and bicarbonate using a UV spectroscopy method.
A high-performance ionic liquid-based microextraction (ILBME) method for the trace determination of paroxetine as a pharmaceutical pollutant in environmental and biological samples
Authors: Hosseini Mehdi
Published: November 2024

This ionic liquid-based microextraction method provides a simple, effective tool for monitoring paroxetine in biological and environmental samples, reducing pharmaceutical pollution, and improving water quality and public health.
Retraction: Modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes paste electrode as a sensor for the electrocatalytic determination of N-acetylcysteine in the presence of high concentrations of folic acid
Authors: Keyvanfard Mohsen , Ensafi Ali A. , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Alizad Khadijeh
Published: November 2024

Retraction of ‘Modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes paste electrode as a sensor for the electrocatalytic determination of N-acetylcysteine in the presence of high concentrations of folic acid’ by Mohsen Keyvanfard et al., Anal. Methods, 2012, 4, 3268–3274, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2AY05802B.
Dimethysiloxane polymer for the effective transdermal delivery of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Ju In Gyoung , Lim Yeon-Jin , Kim Jin Hee , Lee Seungmin , Choi Yujin , Oh Myung Sook , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Dokyoung
Published: November 2024

We disclosed a novel transdermal donepezil delivery system using a siloxane-based polymer for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Ligand binding characteristics of an NAD+ riboswitch revealed by FRET and biolayer interferometry
Authors: Conoan Nieves Nico E. , Widom Julia R.
Published: November 2024

A gene regulating RNA was analyzed using single-molecule and bulk fluorescence and biolayer interferometry, revealing ligand-dependent structural switching behavior.
Structural and reactivity insights into high-valent Co(iii)–(μ-peroxo)–Co(iv) and its electromer Co(iii)–(μ-superoxo)–Co(iii)
Authors: Sharma Parkhi , Gupta Sikha , Kumar Rakesh , Charisiadis Asterios , Sauvan Maxime , Velasco Lucia , Saini Abhishek , Moonshiram Dooshaye , Draksharapu Apparao
Published: November 2024

The current study reveals an elegant equilibrium between previously unprecedented high-valent electromer complexes, Co(iii)-(μ-1,2-peroxo)-Co(iv) and Co(iii)-(μ-1,2-superoxo)-Co(iii), stabilized by the electron-donating TPA* ligand.
A benzofuran-[b]-fused BODIPY trimer enabled by dual TBET and PET mechanisms for high-performance two-photon fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zuo Huiquan , Guo Xing , Guo Luying , Wu Qinghua , Wang Long , Kang Zhengxin , Wang Shaozhen , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong
Published: November 2024

A benzofuran-[b]-fused BODIPY exhibited large pseudo-Stokes shifts, impressive fluorescence quantum yields, high absorptivity and AIE-activity for lipid droplets two-photon bio-imaging.
Syntheses and properties of two pH-directed types of cobalt–lanthanoid heterometallic complexes constructed from 2,5-dichlorobenzoate and 1,10-phenanthroline
Authors: Shen Yue , Jin Jiu-Zeng , Yang Zhen-Yu , Zhao Jie , Liu Bin-Qiu , Zhang Ju-Wen
Published: November 2024

Eleven zero-dimensional Co(ii)–Ln(iii) heterometallic complexes have been successfully constructed by adjusting the pH values and structurally characterized. Their photoluminescence and magnetic properties have been studied.
Single-atom Pd directly anchored on biphenylene: a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Ting-Ting , Meng Yanan , Huang Hai-Cai , Zhang Lei , Cheng Shi-Bo
Published: November 2024

Single-atom Pd directly anchored on biphenylene as a promising bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting.
Computational screening on azafullerene-supported bifunctional single-atom catalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions
Authors: Xiong Mo , Yang Tao
Published: November 2024

The ORR and OER performance of single-atom catalysts based on azafullerenes TM@C54N4 and TM@C64N4 depends on TM d-orbital electrons while azafullerene-supported Rh, Ir, and Co catalysts are promising bifunctional ORR and OER catalysts.
An ab initio study on the photoisomerization in 2-styrylpyridine
Authors: Nongspung Derreck W. , Panda Aditya N.
Published: November 2024

Computational analysis of 2-styrylpyridine reveals intricate pathways for photoisomerization. Presence of MECIs facilitates this process.
Light radiation annealing enables unidirectional crystallization of vacuum-assisted Sn–Pb perovskites for efficient tandem solar cells
Authors: Ge Ciyu , Xu Qi , Liu Dayu , Ye Wenjiang , Zhu Yongxin , Zhang Peiyan , Yang Jiakuan , Liang Guangxing , Xu Ling , Zhou Ying , Song Haisheng , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang
Published: November 2024

Vacuum-assisted technology, favored for its low cost, environmentally friendly nature, and scalability, is widely used in perovskite solar cells and is a preferred choice for commercialized production.
Regulating interfacial reactions through electrolyte chemistry enables an anion-rich interphase for wide-temperature zinc metal batteries
Authors: Chen Yimei , Zhang Kaijie , Xu Zhixiao , Gong Facheng , Feng Renfei , Jin Zhehui , Wang Xiaolei
Published: November 2024

Zinc-ion batteries are challenged by zinc dendrites, notorious side reactions, and poor performance at low temperatures.
New natural garnet reference materials for determining the oxidation state of iron in garnet using the electron microprobe flank method
Authors: Cao Yonghua , Xing Chang-Ming , Wang Christina Yan , Ping Xianquan , Lin Xiaoju
Published: November 2024

A suite of new natural garnet reference materials has been developed for determining the iron oxidation state of unknown garnet samples using the EPMA flank method, achieving an uncertainty of ±0.05 for Fe3+/ΣFe.
Influence of the 2,5-bis(pentadecyloxy)terephthalic acid self-assembly layer on the structure and charge transfer properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) for application in organic solar cells
Authors: Bobrowska Diana M. , Gdula Katarzyna , Breczko Joanna , Goclon Jakub , Plonska-Brzezinska Marta E. , Winkler Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Representative procedure for the synthesis of the composite PPV/PDTPA and its potential application in organic solar cells.
An Ag-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst without reduction pretreatment for the selective hydrogenolysis of high-concentration glycerol to 1,2-propanediol
Authors: Wang Mengtian , Liu Yanqiu , Mao Jingbo , Lv Hui , Zhou Jinxia
Published: November 2024

Ag facilitates the in situ reduction of Co3O4 to form low-oxidizing-degree CoOx and oxygen vacancies (Ovac.) during reaction, promoting a high efficiency of the prereduction-free CoAg/Al2O3 catalyst for hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol.
Unraveling the nature of platinum group metal catalysts’ performance in NO reduction by CO: difference and relevance
Authors: Dong Jinshi , Li Shengtong , Yang Hongli , Li Ting , Song Yu , Yang Jiaqiang , Jin Qianqian
Published: November 2024

The chemistry of platinum group metal catalysts’ performance in NO reduction by CO was investigated.
Porphyrin J-aggregates as a probe for chiral impurities as demonstrated by their symmetry breaking by confinement in montmorillonite clay
Authors: de Souza Lima Mendes Matheus , Duroux Gautier , Boudier Anthony , Pranee Piyanan , Okazaki Yutaka , Buffeteau Thierry , Massip Stéphane , Nlate Sylvain , Oda Reiko , Hillard Elizabeth , Pouget Emilie
Published: November 2024

Symmetry breaking in chiral porphyrin aggregates magnifies chiral impurities in clay.
Oxacillin promotes membrane vesicle secretion in Staphylococcus aureus via a SarA–Sle1 regulatory cascade
Authors: Wang Yuting , Huang Xiaonan , Hu Zhen , Peng Huagang , Yang Yi , Chen Juan , Dou Jianxiong , Xiao Chuan , Shang Weilong , Rao Xiancai
Published: November 2024

Oxacillin promotes the production of membrane vesicles (MVs) in Staphylococcus aureus with diverse genetic lineages. SarA controls Sle1 to orchestrate a SarA–Sle1 regulatory cascade in mediating oxacillin-induced MV secretion in S. aureus.
Synergistic effects of hierarchical micro/nanostructures and PDMS/lubricant composites for superior tribological and wetting performance on aluminum
Authors: Lee Sung-Jun , Segu Dawit Zenebe , Kim Chang-Lae
Published: November 2024

In this study, we propose a method to enhance the friction and wetting properties of aluminum surfaces with micro-/nanostructures by coating them with a PDMS/lubricant composite.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and antiviral evaluation of new imidazopyridine-schiff base derivatives: in vitro and in silico anti-HIV studies
Authors: Azzouzi Mohamed , Ouchaoui Abderrahim Ait , Azougagh Omar , El Hadad Salah Eddine , Abou-salama Mohamed , Oussaid Adyl , Pannecouque Christophe , Rohand Taoufik
Published: November 2024

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-Schiff base derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their anti-HIV potential. Molecular docking and ADME were performed and discussed.
Thermal effects on the lifetime of evaporating drops on fibers
Authors: Corpart Marie , Restagno Frédéric , Boulogne François
Published: November 2024

The photograph, captured with an infrared camera, depicts a water drop on a glass fiber. The evaporation of the liquid results in a reduction in temperature and an exchange of heat with the surrounding environment.
Size dependent polarities in tribocharged dust aggregates
Authors: Grünebeck Christopher , Onyeagusi Florence Chioma , Teiser Jens , Wurm Gerhard
Published: November 2024

It is long known that particles of the same material but with different sizes charge with different polarities in mutual collisions. This also holds for dust aggregates.
Self-assembly, cytocompatibility, and interactions of desmopressin with sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Authors: Caliari Ana B. , Bicev Renata N. , da Silva Caroline C. , de Souza Sinval E. G. , da Silva Marta G. , Souza Louise E. A. , de Mello Lucas R. , Hamley Ian W. , Motta Guacyara , Degrouard Jéril , Tresset Guillaume , Quaresma Alexandre J. C. , Nakaie Clovis R. , da Silva Emerson R.
Published: November 2024

Desmopressin and NaPSS self-assemble into β-sheet-enriched nanofibrils, selectively inhibit metastatic breast cancer cells, and highlight peptide–polymer therapeutic potential by integrating two clinically validated drugs into a novel hybrid matrix.
Potassium batteries for low temperature applications using high energy density organic cathodes
Authors: Shchurik Elena V. , Mumyatov Alexander V. , Zhidkov Ivan S. , Savinykh Tatiana A. , Baymuratova Guzaliya R. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Kraevaya Olga A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: November 2024

Organic polymer cathodes derived from triquinoyl and tetraaminophenazine demonstrated record-high energy densities of 800–950 W h kg−1 in potassium batteries and efficient operation with minimal capacity decay at low temperatures reaching −55 °C.
Unveiling the performance of ultrathin bimetallic CoxNi1−x(OH)2 nanosheets for pseudocapacitors and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jagdale Pallavi Bhaktapralhad , Patil Sayali Ashok , Pathak Arupjyoti , Sk Mukaddar , Thapa Ranjit , Sfeir Amanda , Royer Sebastien , Samal Akshaya Kumar , Saxena Manav
Published: November 2024

Bimetallic Co–Ni hydroxide nanosheets for pseudocapacitors and oxygen evolution reaction.
Doped and functionalized non-Ti-MXenes for flexible and wearable electronic devices
Authors: De Shrabani , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad
Published: November 2024

The unique physicochemical properties of non-Ti-MXenes make them excellent class of materials for flexible and wearable electronics.
Development of a diagnostic and drug evaluation system for acute inflammation using a novel [89Zr]DTPA-sorbitol probe
Authors: Baek Seung Ho , Hwang Eun-Ha , Lee Sang Bong , Kim Miji , Kim Dong-Yeon , Hong Jung Joo , Kang Kyung-Sun
Published: November 2024

[89Zr]DTPA-sorbitol studies were conducted to visualize acute inflammation, offering insights into the evaluation of anti-inflammatory drug efficacy.
Heterometallic NIR-emitting nanothermometers by click-reaction between two lanthanide complexes
Authors: Koshelev Daniil. S. , Medved’ko Aleksei V. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Nelubina Yulia V. , Maloshitskaya Olga A. , Safiullina Elnara S. , Gracheva Yulia A. , Nikitin Evgeny A. , Lepnev Leonid S. , Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Utochnikova Valentina V.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, heterobimetallic conjugates were obtained by a click-reaction between lanthanide complexes with non-DOTA like ligands. NIR luminescent thermometers based on them were obtained.
Highly stable nickel metal-modified black phosphorus-based photodetectors with enhanced magnetic field-assisted photoresponse
Authors: Leng Zhiwen , Zhang Xi , Qiao Hui , Chen Xi , Luo Siwei , Huang Zongyu , Li Zhongjun , Bao Qiaoliang , Qi Xiang
Published: November 2024

The unique physicochemical properties of black phosphorus endow it with great potential for application in the field of photodetection, but its stability problem has been hindering its further development.
Correction: Effective strategies for current boosting in a mesa-shaped In–Ga–Zn–O vertical-channel thin-film transistor with a short-channel length of 40 nm
Authors: Oh Chae-Eun , Kwon Young-Ha , Seong Nak-Jin , Choi Kyu-Jeong , Yoon Sung-Min
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Effective strategies for current boosting in a mesa-shaped In–Ga–Zn–O vertical-channel thin-film transistor with a short-channel length of 40 nm’ by Chae-Eun Oh et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, 12, 14455–14468, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC02779E.
Cochlear Implant Sound Quality
Authors: Dorman Michael F. , Natale Sarah C. , Buczak Nadine , Stohl Josh , Acciai Francesco , Büchner Andreas
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The aims of this exploratory study were (a) to assess common terms used to describe cochlear implant (CI) sound quality by patients fit with conventional CIs and (b) to compare those descriptors to previously obtained acoustic matches to CI sound quality created by single-sided deaf (SSD) patients for their normal-hearing ear.

Method:

CI patients fit with Advanced Bionics (AB;
n
= 89), Cochlear Corporation (
n
= 86), and MED-EL (
n
= 80) implants were the participants. The patients filled out a questionnaire about CI sound quality for two time points: For the time near activation (T1) from memory and at the time of filling out the questionnaire (T2). The mean CI experience at T2 for the three groups ranged from 4 to 8 years. The questionnaire was composed of 25 adjectives describing sound quality.

Results:

For T1, the most commonly used descriptors were Computer-like, Treble-y, Metallic, and Mickey Mouse–like. A superordinate category of HiPitched (High Pitched) gathered significantly more responses from patients with shorter electrode arrays (AB and Cochlear) than patients with longer arrays (MED-EL). At T2, the most common descriptor was Clear and was chosen by approximately two thirds of the patients. The between-group differences in responses to items in the HiPitched category, present at T1, were absent at T2.

Conclusions:

The questionnaire data from conventional CI patients differs from previous sound matching data collected from SSD-CI patients. Alterations to the spectral composition of the signal are less salient to experienced conventional patients than to experienced SSD-CI patients. This is likely due to the absence, for conventional patients, of an exemplar in an NH ear against which to judge CI sound quality.
An improved switch‐capacitor based 13‐level inverter topology with reduced device count and lower TSV
Authors: Mohammad Khan , Arif M. Saad Bin , Rodriguez Jose , Abdelrahem Mohamed
Published: November 2024

An improved dual‐source SC‐MLI topology is developed in this article for medium‐voltage and high‐power applications. This topology can perform symmetrically and asymmetrically to generate 9 levels and 13 levels, respectively. It consists of 10 unidirectional switches, a dual DC source, and two capacitors to provide high‐gain output voltage with lower TSV. Since the capacitor's voltages are self‐balanced, therefore no need for an auxiliary circuit or sensors, which brings down the complexity of the circuit. To check the viability of the proposed topology, a simple and fundamental control strategy based on nearest‐level pulse width modulation is opted for. From the comparative analysis, it was observed that the proposed topology outperformed similar topologies in terms of switch counts, cost factor, power quality, and total standing voltage. The proposed topology's feasibility is evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink under both static and dynamic loads. Furthermore, a thermal analysis is conducted in PLECS software to calculate the losses across the components and consecutively the efficiency of the proposed circuit. It has been found that the proposed topology can generate 9 levels and 13 levels while having an efficiency of over 96% in symmetric and asymmetric configurations, respectively. Finally, the simulation results are verified by using the experimental prototype to validate the performance of the improved circuit under different loading conditions.
Merging two journals dedicated to the history of physics
Authors: Blum Alexander , Leone Matteo
Published: November 2024

Under new leadership, EPJH has been integrated with Quaderni di Storia della Fisica.
Galaxy formation and evolution in the early universe: new results from JWST
Authors: Caputi Karina
Published: November 2024

Since starting scientific operations over two years ago, JWST has revolutionised our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution in the early universe. To reconstruct that period, we observe very distant galaxies, which are so far away that the light that reaches us from them today was emitted at very early cosmic times.
Total hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach using a conventional traction table and fluoroscopy: a safe and cost-effective technique
Authors: Ishii Seiya , Baba Tomonori , Hayashi Koju , Homma Yasuhiro , Mutou Osamu , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Precise implant positioning during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an important factor affecting dislocation rate and long-term implant survival. Although a special carbon fiber traction table for THA improves the accuracy of implant positioning, it is too expensive. We aimed to report the accuracy of cup positioning and complication rate in patients undergoing THA using a conventional noncarbon fiber traction table, which is generally used for osteosynthesis of femoral fractures. Methods: This retrospective study included 62 patients who received primary THA via the direct anterior approach using a conventional traction table with fluoroscopy between July 2022 and December 2023. Two observers recorded radiological outcomes using postoperative anteroposterior X-rays. The intraclass correlation coefficients of cup positioning angles were evaluated (inclination: 0.92, anteversion: 0.88 for intra-observer agreement; inclination: 0.91, anteversion: 0.84 for inter-observer agreement). Complications were defined as dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, ankle fracture, implant loosening, nerve injury, surgical site infection, deep vein thrombosis, and revision surgery for any reason. Results: Radiographic analysis showed an average cup inclination of 38.5° ± 4.3° (98.4% within Lewinnek’s safe zone). The average cup anteversion was 12.6° ± 4.6° (100% within Lewinnek’s safe zone). None of the patients experienced any complications. Discussion: A conventional traction table could be a feasible alternative to a carbon fiber traction table for performing THA via the direct anterior approach using fluoroscopy at general hospitals.
Nickel-Catalyzed, Bromine-Radical-Promoted Enantioselective C(sp3)–H Cross-Couplings
Authors: Huo Haohua , Cheng Buqing , Xu Zhen
Published: November 2024

Catalytic C(sp3)–H cross-coupling offers an attractive strategy for constructing C(sp3)-rich complex molecules from simple feedstock chemicals. However, simultaneously controlling chemo- and enantioselectivity in these transformations, particularly for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation, remains a formidable challenge. To address this longstanding challenge, we have recently developed a general strategy leveraging nickel photoredox catalysis to achieve various enantioselective C(sp3)–H cross-coupling reactions, including acylation, alkenylation, arylation, (trideutero)methylation, and alkylation. Our approaches exploit photocatalytically generated bromine radicals for hydrogen atom transfer, converting common hydrocarbons into carbon-centered radicals. These radicals are then enantioselectively coupled with diverse electrophiles in the presence of a suitable chiral nickel catalyst. These methods open new avenues for enantioselective C(sp3)–H cross-coupling, offering broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and potential for late-stage diversification of complex molecules. Our strategy holds great promise for unlocking previously elusive C(sp3)-rich chemical space, with significant implications for drug discovery and development.

1 Introduction

2 Enantioselective C(sp3)–C(sp2) Cross-Couplings

3 Enantioselective C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Couplings

4 Conclusions and Outlook
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology: Hans Rudolf Schinz (1891–1966)
Authors: Hodler Juerg , Duewell Stefan
Published: November 2024

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the achievements of Swiss radiologist Hans Rudolf Schinz. He is considered the father of Swiss academic radiology but was also influential internationally. Schinz expanded radiologic science into the fields of epidemiology and the natural sciences. He also advanced radiology and medicine in general through his political activities.
Pre- and Postoperative Ultrasound Assessment of Biceps Brachial Tendon Tears
Authors: Pialat Jean-Baptiste , Moraux Antoine , Carlier Yacine , Pesquer Lionel
Published: November 2024

Rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon is a rare but debilitating injury, resulting in significant loss of strength. Diagnosis of complete rupture is based on clinical history and physical tests, with surgical repair often recommended due to functional discomfort. Ultrasound (US) is a powerful tool for diagnosing and classifying ruptures, particularly partial ruptures, which is crucial for therapeutic decisions. A good understanding of the tendon's anatomical arrangement in two twisted bundles enables optimal analysis. If several surgical techniques are available, the minimally invasive approach to reinsert the tendon on the radial tuberosity is often preferred. Postoperative assessment includes radiographs, US, and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging, revealing postoperative changes with constant thickening of the repaired tendon. With accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical technique, surgical repair has a low complication rate. Single-incision repairs show higher rates of re-tears and nerve injuries, and double-incision repairs are prone to heterotopic ossification.
Ultrasound Spot Diagnosis of Common Benign Subcutaneous Masses and Pseudomasses: What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Guillin Raphaël , Ract Isabelle , Pesquer Lionel , Drakonaki Elena
Published: November 2024

Common benign subcutaneous benign masses and pseudomasses represent a wide spectrum of masses among which lipomas and epidermal cysts account for a vast majority of the lesions encountered in routine practice. Other types of tumors originate from various components of the skin, such as the pilous tract, nerves, veins, arteries, or eccrine glands. In some instances, pseudomasses may be distinguished from tumoral masses using specific signs. When the diagnosis of a subcutaneous lesion lacks specificity for benignity with ultrasound, radiologists should ensure proper management of the patient to rule out the possibility of a rare but possible sarcoma of the subcutaneous layer.
Ultrasound of Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Lapegue Franck , André Aymeric , Lafourcade François , Filiole Antoine , Lambeaux Constance , Van Viet-Tam , Adamski Elorie , Bachour Rafy , Goumarre Céline , Chiavassa Hélène , Faruch Bilfeld Marie , Sans Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Clinical findings are generally sufficient to make the diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. Ultrasound (US), in conjunction with standard radiography, is a simple and cost-effective way to confirm the diagnosis, and it is also useful for eliminating most differential diagnoses and guiding treatment.

US analysis of the muscle bodies and tendon laminae of the lateral epicondyle muscles, starting distally at the wrist and extending up to the lateral epicondyle, assists in understanding the complex fibrous architecture of the proximal tendons inserting on the lateral epicondyle. Pain when the US probe passes over an area of hypoechoic tendinosis, hyperemia in Doppler mode, and an intratendinous split are the signs to look for in patients. US helps guide needling or injection by targeting pathologic areas.

Other examinations (computed tomography arthrogram and magnetic resonance imaging) are used as a second line of defense, particularly in cases of bone or joint pathology.
Sexual Violence in Higher Education: A Critical Discourse Analysis of University Policies
Authors: Ali Farah
Published: November 2024

As sexual violence has become increasingly visible in public discourse, scholarly research across disciplines has begun to critically examine how such cases are handled, ranging from the investigation processes, media reporting, and how the accused and accusing parties are impacted. While much of the existing linguistic research makes an important contribution to our understanding of the role of language in interpreting and evaluating sexual violence by focusing on the narrations of specific cases, one area of discourse that remains unexamined is that which is produced by those responsible for defining sexual violence and the protocols for investigating such cases. This study examines discourse on sexual violence found in US university policies and specifically focuses on contrasts between different discourse participants (i.e., faculty and students). Findings reveal that university policies frequently produce disparate discourse for students and employees that rarely acknowledge the hierarchical nature of faculty–student relationships. Given the increasing visibility of public discourse on sexual aggression and the power that such discourse has in influencing audiences, analyzing the linguistic strategies used to construct victims and perpetrators is crucial to our understanding of the various ways that sexual violence perpetuates injustice.
Sound absorption in the intermediate-state thread structure of superconductors
Authors: Bruk Yu. M.
Published: November 2024

The sound absorption associated with motion of the boundaries between the normal and superconducting states is calculated for arbitrary relative orientation of the wave vector, acoustic polarization vector, and magnetic field inducing the intermediate state of a superconductor. The thread structure of the intermediate state and long (relative to the spatial period of the structure and electron mean free path) wavelength sound waves are discussed. The absorption is related to the impedance of the intermediate state. The anisotropy of the absorption of longitudinal and transverse sound waves is considered.
Some features of electromagnetic wave excitation in bismuth
Authors: Naberezhnykh V. P. , Zherebchevskii D. É. , Poluyanenko A. P. , Vetchinov S. V. , Dan'shin N. K.
Published: November 2024

In studying electromagnetic wave propagation in bismuth a number of features were observed in their excitation in thin planoparallel plates. In particular, upon excitation of the ordinary weakly damped wave, the relationship of this wave with the extraordinary strongly damped wave causes doubling of the impedance oscillation period upon a small change in relative direction of the external magnetic field H, the crystal axis C1, and the exciting field polarization E1. Comparison with the calculated wave spectrum shows that this doubling is caused by transition from the standing wave condition d = n/λ to the condition d = nλ/2. The possibility of such a change in excitation conditions as a function of the angle between H and C1 may be connected with the odd dependence of nondiagonal non-Hall terms of the conductivity tensor on magnetic field.
Electrical resistivity increment in silver deformed at low temperatures
Authors: Kozinets V. V. , Lysachenko A. P. , Khotkevich V. I.
Published: November 2024

The electrical resistivity increment in 99.99% pure silver due to plastic deformation has been measured at temperatures of 1.5, 4.2, and 293 °K. Reducing the temperature from 4.2 to 1.5 °K decreases the flow stress and plasticity, and results in smaller resistivity increments. It is found that at helium temperatures the strain dependence of the increment in the specific resistance due to deformations is given by Δρd = 0.17ϵ1.45 μΩ·cm and that due to point defects is given by Δρd = 0.17ϵ1.8 μΩ·cm. Some of the point defects formed during low-temperature deformation are interstitials.
New mechanism of electric-dipole absorption of light in antiferromagnets
Authors: Eremenko V. V. , Mil'ner A. A. , Popkov Yu. A. , Shapiro V. V.
Published: November 2024

A study is made of the absorption of light in antiferromagnetic crystals containing 3 d ions displaced from a center of symmetry. Experiments revealed that the inducing of noncollinearity of the magnetic structure by a strong external magnetic field is accompanied by a marked intensification of the purely excitonic bands of absorption of light. On the basis of this observation a new mechanism of electric-dipole absorption of light is proposed wherein a dipole moment is induced in a pair of magnetic ions coupled by exchange interaction, as a result of which an exciton is excited on one ion. The enhancement of the absorption of the exciton bands that follows from the proposed mechanism is in agreement with experimental data.
Low-temperature plasticity of bismuth single crystals
Authors: Bengus V. Z. , Kuklev V. A. , Startsev V. I.
Published: November 2024

A study is made of the effect of temperature on strain hardening and slip propagation in bismuth at 4.2, 77.3, 130, and 293°K. At low temperatures the dependence of deforming stress τ on shear strain ϵ is exponential, and no relaxation of the flow stress τ0 is observed. The temperature dependence of the flow stress τ0(T) is nonmonotonic, with a maximum at 130−160°K. The magnitude of the relative shear in the slip bands increases by a factor of around 10 as T decreases from 293 to 4.2°K, although τ0 at this temperature is the same. A theoretical description of low-temperature strain hardening of bismuth is given using an exhaustion model of slip-band sources. The distribution function of the number of sources over start stress is recovered through the form of the curve τ(ϵ) and data on the width of the slip bands and their relative shear. At low temperatures nucleation of dislocation loops on heterogeneities is nonactivational in nature. It is shown that the mean velocity of dislocations at the flow point in bismuth increases with decreasing T from 293 to 4.2°K. The nature of the nonmonotonic dependence τ0(T) is discussed.
The influence of temperature and pressure on ESR in layered crystals
Authors: Glinchuk M. D. , Goncharuk V. E. , Lyfar' D. L , Neilo G. N. , Prokhorov A. D. , Ryabchenko S. M.
Published: November 2024

The paper reports on a study of the temperature dependence of the spin constants in the ESR Hamiltonian for Eu2+ in a layered CdBr2 crystal at temperatures ranging from 16 to 300°K as well as on the influence of pressure on the axial crystal field constant of the ESR spin Hamiltonian for Mn2+ in CdBr2. The results qualitatively support the assumptions that the layered structure of the crystals is responsible for the linear temperature dependence of intracrystalline fields at temperatures significantly below the Debye temperature for longitudinal vibrations. It is shown that the principal contribution to this dependence is due to bending vibrations typical of layered crystals.
High-frequency pair-splitting current in narrow superconducting films
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Churilov G. E.
Published: November 2024

The relation between the critical de current in thin narrow tin films and the power of shf radiation within the X-band near the critical temperature Tc was studied experimentally. The critical high-frequency power has been determined here as a function of the temperature and of the mean free path of electrons. It has also been shown that these relations agree closely with theoretical results based on an analysis of the Ginzberg-Landau pair-splitting mechanism. It has been confirmed experimentally, furthermore, that in an alternating field of intensity Ec an electron pair acquires, after having traversed the coherence path ζ(T), an energy equal to its binding energy.
Spin diffusion in solid He3
Authors: Esel'son B. N. , Mikheev V. A. , Grigor'ev V. N.
Published: November 2024

Measurements of spin diffusion are performed over the entire range of existence of the bcc phase of He3. Data obtained indicate that at all density values in the low temperature range (T < 1°K) the spin diffusion coefficient Ds is temperature independent (plateau region). The value of Ds in the plateau region is strongly dependent on molar volume, varying as V18, and is proportional to the volume integral J. Values of Ds were measured for the first time in the hcp phase of He3. It is shown that upon the transition bcc-hcp the spin diffusion coefficient decreases by a factor of 2, corresponding approximately to the same change in the exchange integral J.