bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From radical evil to constitutive moral luck in Kant’s Religion
Authors: Hartman Robert J.
Published: December 2024

The received view is that Kant denies all moral luck. But I show how Kant affirms constitutive moral luck in passages concerning radical evil from Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. First, I explicate Kant’s claims about radical evil. It is a morally evil disposition that all human beings have necessarily, at least for the first part of their lives, and for which they are blameworthy. Second, since these properties about radical evil appear to contradict Kant’s even more famous claims about imputation, ‘ought implies can’, and free will, I unpack Henry Allison’s proof of radical evil and show how it is consistent with interpretations of Kant’s broader views about morality. Third, I define and illustrate the category of constitutive moral luck and argue that Kant embraces the existence of constitutive moral luck given Allison-style interpretations of radical evil. This provides a reason for philosophers to reject the received view, and it creates an occasion for Kantians and Kant scholars to check their reasons if they deny moral luck.
Navajo Verbs in Child Speech
Authors: Chee Melvatha R.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates Navajo verbs produced by four children, ages 4;07 to 11;02, during conversations with their caretakers. Analyses of 1600 verbs demonstrate that the bisyllabic verb form, consisting of a verb stem and a portion of the prefix string, is the most common pattern produced by the children. This indicates that Navajo-speaking children use meaningful units of verbal morphology that do not necessarily adhere to the linguistic boundaries normally ascribed to the Navajo verb complex. Further, the verbs are primarily intransitive and third-person singular constructions, which are minimally inflected. It is argued that these minimally-inflected verb forms are frequent not just because they are simpler, but also because they are highly productive as main verbs and are used to create phrasal verbs and nouns. These findings contribute to our general understanding of language development and to the growing body of research investigating children’s acquisition of endangered Indigenous languages.
Stratégies pour la mise en place d’un chœur intergénérationnel dans une résidence pour personnes aînées afin de contribuer à leur bien-être physique, mental et social
Authors: Richard Monique , Paris Mario , Dupuis-Blanchard Suzanne
Published: December 2024

Dans le contexte pandémique de la COVID-19, les personnes aînées se sont retrouvées confinées et isolées, et ce, même dans le cadre d’un milieu de vie collective. Cet article fait état d’une étude de la portée sur les bienfaits d’un chœur intergénérationnel pour personnes aînées et les stratégies à considérer pour sa mise en place. L’analyse de 16 études sur ce sujet a permis de se familiariser avec les résultats, les recommandations et les pistes de recherche en lien avec le bien-être et le sens de satisfaction que retirent les personnes aînées qui participent à un chœur, de même que des interventions en chant choral à privilégier. De plus, cette activité qui est peu couteuse et bénéfique est considérée comme une intervention de nature préventive qui contribue au bien-être des personnes aînées et à leur prise en charge pour un vieillissement en santé. Par ailleurs, les résultats suggèrent de continuer à documenter l’efficacité des stratégies proposées pour les améliorer ou les adapter afin de maximiser les effets positifs d’une telle activité sur le bien-être physique, social, émotionnel et cognitif des personnes aînées.
Producing the Inevitability of Solar Radiation Modification in Climate Politics
Authors: Oomen Jeroen
Published: December 2024

This essay investigates the fit between solar radiation modification (SRM) and climate politics. Researchers, activists, and politicians often present SRM technologies as “radical.” According to this frame, SRM comes into view as a last-ditch effort to avoid climate emergencies. Such a rationale may be applicable to the scientists researching the potential of SRM, yet it only partially accounts for political and policy interest in SRM. In this contribution, I argue that there is an increasingly tight fit between the promise of SRM technologies and the global regime of climate politics. Within this regime, SRM may not be a radical option but is more of a logical extension of current rationales. I argue that SRM corresponds to tightly controlled discursive rules within which climate politics operates, leading to a shifting narrative on the feasibility, desirability, and necessity of SRM. The ethical implications of this tight fit are threefold. First, it implies that SRM might be an instrument of mitigation deterrence, implicitly as much as explicitly. Second, ethical responsibility and political value debates are at risk of becoming invisible once SRM becomes embedded in the prevailing regime. Third, SRM use might become inevitable, despite the good intentions of most people involved.
Distorting history in the restitution debate. Dan Hicks’s The Brutish Museums and fact and fiction in Benin historiography
Authors: Lundén Staffan
Published: December 2024

The debates on the ownership of contested cultural objects bring forth questions regarding the representation of history. But might these debates also lead to the fabrication of history? Previous research has analyzed how the British Museum’s anti-restitution position contributes to its distortion of British (Museum) history. Instead, this article considers if – and, if so, how – history is distorted to argue for restitution. It examines the eulogized publication The Brutish Museums (2020) by Oxford professor Dan Hicks asking whether his claims regarding British mass atrocities in the conquest of Benin in 1897 can be substantiated by the documentary evidence. The investigation shows that this is not the case. The article also scrutinizes what the source material reveals about the death toll of the events of 1897. The results of the inquiry question oversimplified notions about culprits and victims in the wake of colonial conquest. It is argued that an incomplete understanding of the past impairs efforts to repair past wrongs and that questions about the ownership of colonial collections could productively be linked with questions about the representation of history, such as whose and which histories are told – or not – through contested objects.
Co-development of general psychopathology and high-risk personality traits during adolescence
Authors: Lynch Samantha J. , Chapman Cath , Newton Nicola C. , Teesson Maree , Sunderland Matthew
Published: December 2024

There is strong evidence for a general psychopathology dimension which captures covariance among all forms of psychopathology, yet its nature and underlying association with personality remain unclear. This study examined the co-development of general psychopathology and four high-risk personality traits: anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, sensation seeking, and impulsivity. Data from two large Australian school-based randomised controlled trials of substance use prevention programs were analysed (N = 2,083, mean age at baseline = 13.49 years). Adolescents completed self-report measures of psychopathology symptoms and personality at baseline, one-, two-, and three-years post-baseline. Latent curve models with structured residuals, were used to examine the co-development of general psychopathology (extracted from a higher-order model) and personality traits from 13 to 16 years of age, controlling for age, sex, and cohort. Higher than usual levels of anxiety sensitivity and impulsivity were associated with higher than usual levels of general psychopathology at subsequent time points, and higher than usual levels of general psychopathology were associated with higher than usual levels of negative thinking at later time points. Sensation seeking was unrelated to general psychopathology. These findings enhance our understanding of the meaning and validity of general psychopathology, highlighting potential personality-based prevention and intervention targets.
Concert Hall Music Drama: From London to Bayreuth and Back Again
Authors: Fry Katherine
Published: December 2024

A year after the premiere of the complete Ring cycle in Bayreuth in 1876, a concert-form ‘London Wagner Festival’ took place at the Royal Albert Hall, newly opened in South Kensington near the site of the Great Exhibition of 1851. Comprising lengthy excerpts from Wagner’s operas performed by a vast orchestra and star singers, this event was partly born out of financial necessity in the aftermath of the costly and extravagant staging of the Ring in Bayreuth. But Wagner’s London connections also reveal the significance of Victorian industry and the built environment in disseminating his music dramas and shaping listening practices beyond Bayreuth. This article situates the London Wagner Festival in relation to the early history of the Royal Albert Hall, foregrounding the contributions and responses of Victorian architects, engineers, concert reformers and musical critics to the peculiarly modern phenomenon of the massive concert. By approaching the Albert Hall as a medium for the early dissemination of Wagner’s music dramas, I seek to make a broader case for the relevance of the nineteenth-century concert hall to histories of operatic performance and technological mediation.
The age of acquisition effect of L2 word is dependent on or independent of L1 word age of acquisition? Evidences from learning of L2 pseudowords
Authors: Wang Jue , Chen Baoguo
Published: December 2024

The study explored the origin of the age of acquisition (AoA) effect in second language (L2) using ERPs technique. We simulated L2 AoA by manipulating the order at which English pseudowords entered into training. Chinese-English bilinguals (mean age 22.04, range 18–28) learned English pseudowords matched with Chinese (L1) words, investigating the order of acquisition (OoA) effect of English pseudowords and its relationship with the matched L1 words’ AoA. OoA effects were observed in lexical decision, naming and semantic judgment tasks on N170, P200 and N400. Furthermore, OoA effects were modulated by L1 AoA in the semantic judgment task. These results suggested that OoA effects were independent at orthographic and phonological levels but modulated by L1 AoA at the semantic level. The interpretation of L2 AoA effects requires not only the integration of Semantic and Arbitrary Mapping Hypotheses, as well as consideration of the representation and activation characteristics of L2 words.
Optimisation of hardware setups for time-efficient HEC-RAS simulations
Authors: Sabeti Ramtin , Kjeldsen Thomas Rodding , Stamataki Ioanna , Rahi Babak
Published: December 2024

The necessity for high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) simulations in flood modelling often requires excessively long simulation times. This study evaluates the impact of various hardware configurations on Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 2D with particular emphasis on Central Processing Unit (CPU) speed, number of cores, Random Access Memory (RAM) capacity, addressing a critical gap in the optimisation of hardware setups for time-efficient simulations. These findings are invaluable for flood modellers and the HEC-RAS community, ultimately supporting more effective flood risk management and decision-making. Additionally, the study examines how different meshes, numerical solution methods, and solving equations perform within these hardware setups, aiming to examine the effects of computational techniques on overall simulation efficiency. Our investigations were carried out using both virtual machines on the Google Cloud Platform and a desktop PC. The findings indicate that optimal performance in HEC-RAS 2D simulations does not necessarily correlate with a higher number of cores or increased RAM. Instead, a well-adjusted configuration with 8 cores and 64 GB of RAM demonstrates superior efficiency. This result questions the usual assumptions about the need for greater computational power and emphasises the value of carefully optimising hardware for fast hydraulic modelling.
Identifying internal and external shoulder rotation using a kirigami-based shoulder patch
Authors: Alkayyali Amani A. , Cowan Conrad P. F. , Owen Callum J. , Giannas Emmanuel , Wolfram Susann , Hansen Ulrich , Sample Alanson P. , Emery Roger J. H. , Shtein Max , Lipps David B.
Published: December 2024

Internal and external rotation of the shoulder is often challenging to quantify in the clinic. Existing technologies, such as motion capture, can be expensive or require significant time to setup, collect data, and process and analyze the data. Other methods may rely on surveys or analog tools, which are subject to interpretation. The current study evaluates a novel, engineered, wearable sensor system for improved internal and external shoulder rotation monitoring, and applies it in healthy individuals. Using the design principles of the Japanese art of kirigami (folding and cutting of paper to design 3D shapes), the sensor platform conforms to the shape of the shoulder with four on-board strain gauges to measure movement. Our objective was to examine how well this kirigami-inspired shoulder patch could identify differences in shoulder kinematics between internal and external rotation as individuals moved their humerus through movement patterns defined by Codman’s paradox. Seventeen participants donned the sensor while the strain gauges measured skin deformation patterns during the participants’ movement. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping explored differences in strain voltage between the rotations. The sensor detected distinct differences between the internal and external shoulder rotation movements. Three of the four strain gauges detected significant temporal differences between internal and external rotation (all p < .047), particularly for the strain gauges placed distal or posterior to the acromion. These results are clinically significant, as they suggest a new class of wearable sensors conforming to the shoulder can measure differences in skin surface deformation corresponding to the underlying humerus rotation.
Der Flynn-Effekt: Kohortenunterschiede mit dem KFT 4 – 12+R zwischen 1998 und 2019?
Authors: Stumpf Eva , Gherairi Josephine , Perleth Christoph
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Positive Flynn-Effekte wurden in internationalen Studien und Metaanalysen seit Jahrzehnten vielfach bestätigt. Etwa seit der letzten Jahrtausendwende wurde in einigen Studien eine Stagnation bzw. Umkehr der Flynn-Effekte festgestellt. Daraus resultieren Unsicherheiten bezüglich der Gültigkeit von Intelligenztestergebnissen bei Testverfahren mit älteren Normwerten. Eine Analyse des Forschungsstandes zeigt, dass bislang nur wenige Studien mit Daten aus Deutschland zu Flynn-Effekten publiziert wurden und insbesondere bei Personen im Schulalter auch international nur wenige Befunde vorliegen. In dieser Studie werden Flynn-Effekte mittels der Normierungsstichproben des KFT 4 – 12+R aus den Jahren 1998 und 2019 für die Jahrgangsstufen vier und sechs untersucht. Dabei wurden auch Interaktionen der Kohortenunterschiede mit Geschlecht und Fähigkeitsgruppen überprüft. Geringe positive Flynn-Effekte zeigten sich in den nonverbalen Fähigkeiten, geringe negative Flynn-Effekte für verbale Fähigkeiten in Jahrgangsstufe sechs. Die Ergebnisse werden bezüglich der diagnostischen Praxis diskutiert.
Personality and Positive Body Image
Authors: Tan Chee-Seng , Swami Viren , Cheng Siew-May , Cong Chin Wen
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Although previous studies have suggested reliable associations between personality traits and body image outcomes, the bulk of this research has been conducted in Western nations. As cultural factors may affect relationships between personality and outcome variables, the present study examined associations between the Big Five personality traits and body appreciation (i.e., a facet of positive body image) in a sample of Malaysian adults. A total of 782 adults (465 women and 317 men) completed an online survey consisting of measures of body appreciation, the Big Five personality traits, and demographic items. Linear model analysis indicated that body appreciation was significantly and negatively associated with Neuroticism while positively associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness respectively. Associations between body appreciation and Openness and Extraversion were not significant, nor was the moderating effect of gender. The findings replicate the previously reported negative association between Neuroticism and body appreciation and also suggest that associations with the other Big Five facets may be shaped by cultural contexts.
Self-template manufacturing of on-skin electrodes with 3D multi-channel structure for standard 3-limb-lead ECG suit
Authors: Wang Wentao , Lu Longsheng , Ma Huan , Li Zehong , Lu Xiaoyu , Xie Yingxi
Published: December 2024

Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are the mainstream technology in the diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases, in which soft, flexible, permeable electrodes are the key link in human-machine interface to capture bioelectrical signals. Herein, we propose a self-template strategy to fabricate silver-coated fiber/silicone (AgCF-S) electrodes. With a simple dissolving-curing-redissolving process, the polyvinyl acetate shell around the AgCF core is in-situ removed to form a three-dimensional (3D) multi-channel structure. The conductive fibers overlap each other and pass through the silicon substrate in a network state, so that the electrode can be bent to 180° or stretched to 30%. The 3D multi-channels in AgCF-S adhesive is further coupled with a Kirigami-design structure of flexible substrate, to maintain high flexibility without sacrificing air-permeability, enabling an excellent water evaporation rate of 1.8 μg/mm2/min, and non-allergenic adhere on pigskin after 24 h. Combined with the self-developed standard 3-limb-lead ECG suit, multi-lead signals with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and low variance (σ2), can be transmitted in real-time via Bluetooth and displayed in the client. Typical heart diseases such as coronary, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, etc., are detected by our ECG equipment, revealing a huge promise in future medical electronics.
Interaural level difference sensitivity in neonatally deafened rats fitted with bilateral cochlear implants
Authors: Buchholz Sarah , Schnupp Jan W. H. , Arndt Susan , Rosskothen-Kuhl Nicole
Published: December 2024

Bilateral cochlear implant (CI) patients exhibit significant limitations in spatial hearing. Their ability to process interaural time differences (ITDs) is often impaired, while their ability to process interaural level differences (ILDs) remains comparatively good. Clinical studies aiming to identify the causes of these limitations are often plagued by confounds and ethical limitations. Recent behavioral work suggests that rats may be a good animal model for studying binaural hearing under neuroprosthetic stimulation, as rats develop excellent ITD sensitivity when provided with suitable CI stimulation. However, their ability to use ILDs has not yet been characterized. Objective of this study is to address this knowledge gap. Neontally deafened rats were bilaterally fitted with CIs, and trained to lateralize binaural stimuli according to ILD. Their behavioral ILD thresholds were measured at pulse rates from 50 to 2400 pps. CI rats exhibited high sensitivity to ILDs with thresholds of a few dB at all tested pulse rates. We conclude that early deafened rats develop good sensitivity, not only to ITDs but also to ILDs, if provided with appropriate CI stimulation. Their generally good performance, in line with expectations from other mammalian species, validates rats as an excellent model for research on binaural auditory prostheses.
Correction: Recent advances and applications to cultural heritage using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Liu Guan-Lin , Kazarian Sergei G.
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Recent advances and applications to cultural heritage using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging’ by Guan-Lin Liu et al., Analyst, 2022, 147, 1777–1797, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00005A.
Water-soluble platinum and palladium porphyrins with peripheral ethyl phosphonic acid substituents: synthesis, aggregation in solution, and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Volostnykh Marina V. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Sinelshchikova Anna A. , Ermakova Elizaveta V. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Borisov Sergey M. , Meyer Michel , Khrouz Lhoussain , Monnereau Cyrille , Parola Stephane , Bessmertnykh-Lemeune Alla
Published: December 2024

A new family of water-soluble photosensitizers featuring ethyl phosphonate groups on the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle was studied. Two sterically bulky phosphonate substituents significantly reduce the solution aggregation of tetraanionic porphyrins.
The many faces of membrane tension for biomembranes and vesicles
Authors: Lipowsky Reinhard
Published: December 2024

Membrane tension is generated by external forces and constraints that affect the membrane's surface area. Many studies have been pursued to elucidate this intuitive concept. Here, we focus on biomimetic...
Innovative dissolving microneedles for enhanced delivery of alpha arbutin and ascorbic acid: a novel LC–MS quantification approach
Authors: Tarawneh Ola , Almasri Sara , Alhusban Ala A. , Hailat Mohammad , Hamadneh Lama , Abu Ershaid Juhaina M. , Hailat Zeyad , Makableh Yahia F.
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel dissolving microneedle (MN) formulation designed to deliver alpha arbutin (AA) and ascorbic acid for hyperpigmentation treatment.
Biomolecular ligands as tools to modulate the optical and chiroptical properties of gold nanoclusters
Authors: Saa Laura , Núñez-Martínez Manuel , Carpintero-Cueto Eva , Cortajarena Aitziber L.
Published: December 2024

This review highlights advances in the use of biomolecular ligands to synthesize gold nanoclusters, factors affecting their optical and chiroptical features, and applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostics.
Dynamic monolithic X-ray imager with enhanced performance via strain relaxation in metal-halide scintillators
Authors: Shu Chongrui , Zhang Caixin , Yuan Ruihan , Liu Xixi , Tie Shujie , Yang Ning , Lian Xuan , Zhu Jianguo , Zheng Xiaojia
Published: December 2024

This work presents an approach for developing high-resolution dynamic monolithic X-ray imaging systems using metal halide scintillators, which exhibit high light yield and effectively suppress optical crosstalk.
Te4+ doped zero-dimensional perovskites for dual-mode thermometry in electronic devices
Authors: Song Hao , Yuan Junheng , Mu Dedan , Han Lulu , Xu Xuhui , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2024

Ratiometric and lifetime-technology temperature measurement are prominent techniques in the field of optical thermometry due to their advantages of visual detection and high sensitivity in temperature precision, respectively.
The Benefits of Robustness in Measures of Spatiotemporal Stability: An Investigation in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Wisler Alan , Vuolo Janet , Fletcher Annalise
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

When using the spatiotemporal index (STI) to measure variability across repetitions of the same stimulus, researchers will typically screen and remove productions that contain errors or disfluencies. However, this screening process is highly subjective, reduces the amount of data available, and may generate samples that are less representative of true speech difficulties. In this study, we quantify the degree to which the STI is skewed by the inclusion of highly deviating productions and whether alternative calculations could better facilitate their inclusion.

Method:

First, we conducted a controlled simulation to quantify how highly deviating productions skew STI values. The traditional STI calculation was compared to three robust alternative measures proposed to reduce the influence of outlying productions. Next, using audio recordings from typically developing (TD) children and children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), we investigated how effectively each STI measure differentiated the two groups.

Results:

Simulation findings demonstrated that the STI can be heavily skewed (more than doubling in value) by the inclusion of a single outlying production. In contrast, the robust alternative measures were all able to incorporate multiple outlying productions before their value was significantly altered. The proposed best-5 STI measure produced larger group differences between TD children and children with CAS compared to the traditional STI in both “Mom pets the puppy” and “Buy Bobby a puppy” stimuli.

Conclusions:

The STI is highly sensitive to outlying productions and requires careful consideration of the repetitions included in its calculation. However, conservative approaches to data removal may be problematic when studying populations that are prone to fluency errors. In these scenarios, more robust alternatives to the STI, such as the best-5 STI measure, may provide a more practical approach to measuring speech variability.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27973236
Design and implementation of a full analogue gate driver for current compensation of paralleled SiC‐MOSFETs
Authors: Rezaeian Adel , Afifi Ahmad , Bahrami Hamid
Published: December 2024

Silicon carbide MOSFETs have current ratings that are not sufficiently high to be used in high‐power converters. It is necessary to connect several MOSFETs in parallel in order to increase current capabilities. However, transient imbalance peak currents during turn‐on and ‐off processes challenge the performance and reliability of parallel MOSFETs. This paper considers the impact factors of device parameters, asymmetrical power circuit layout and circuit parasitic analytically to reveal the imbalance current peaks. The turn‐on and ‐off transient conditions are studied and mathematically investigated. In master‐slave configuration, a fully analogue active gate driver is designed and implemented to suppress the imbalance current among parallel silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. In the proposed scheme, by exploiting an imbalance current detection circuit and I‐controller in a negative feedback for the slave MOSFET, an appropriate control voltage is obtained. The output voltage of active gate driver is adjusted by the control voltage, whether positive or negative in turn‐on and ‐off transient, in order to synchronize the peak currents of paralleled modules. Moreover, a detailed circuit of the designed compensator is presented and discussed. The experimental results are presented to verify the reliability and the effectiveness of the proposed compensator.
Electrical properties of fine crystalline and amorphous metal films, obtained by low temperature condensation (Review)
Authors: Komnik Yu. F.
Published: December 2024

The electrical and superconducting properties of metallic films, obtained by condensation of molecular beams on a substrate cooled to the temperature of liquid helium, are examined. Such films have a fine crystalline disordered structure or are amorphous. This results in an appreciable change in properties and, in some cases, it leads to the appearance of a qualitatively new state. The effect of intercrystallite scattering on the electrical resistance of polycrystalline films, the relation between electrical resistance and the coordination structure of amorphous films, the change in Tc with dispersity and disorder of the structure, the effect of fluctuations on Tc, and the increase in the critical magnetic field with increasing distortion of the structure are discussed.
Classical hydrodynamics of an ideal incompressible fluid and vortex motion in helium II
Authors: Mamaladze Yu. G. , Kiknadze L. V.
Published: December 2024

Vortex motion in the vicinity of a protuberance at a bounding surface in rotating helium II and in plane slits is considered from the standpoint of the vortex-formation mechanism, the equilibrium spatial vortex distribution, and the possibility of supercritical quasidissipationless vortex flow.
Superconducting corrugated film in a transverse magnetic field near Hc2
Authors: Kuzii V. V.
Published: December 2024

The vortex structure is considered in a superconducting corrugated film is placed in an external magnetic field close to the upper critical field. In the case of commensurability of the vortex lattice and the corrugations, the Ginzburg-Landau free energy is obtained. An increase in the upper critical field is found at commensurability. The critical currents are calculated with the edge effect of commensurability taken into account.
Dipole complexes in a superfluid helium film
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P. , Kovdrya Yu. Z.
Published: December 2024

The possibility of the formation of a bound complex containing a positive ion in a superfluid-helium film and an electron on the free surface of the film is demonstrated. Various aspects of the stability of a system of such quasi-particles are theoretically investigated. The possibility of the experimental observation of the new physical phenomena that can be produced by a system of dipole complexes in a helium film is investigated.
Nonlinear waves in plastically deformed metals and superconductors at low temperatures
Authors: Nechiporenko I. N.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that two types of waves exist at low temperatures in plastically deformed metals and hard type-II superconductors located in a liquid medium under conditions when heat is released at a definite rate from the samples (as a result of the plastic deformation). Formulas are derived for the velocities and structures of such nonlinear waves. It is shown that a transition from one homogeneous stable solution to another may occur in such a system as the heat-source strength is varied; the kinetics of this transition is entirely similar to the kinetics of the order–disorder phase transition described by the Landau–Khalatnikov equation. Relations connecting the characteristics of the nonlinear waves with the discontinuous plastic deformations induced by the waves are derived.
Microwave absorption and the phase diagram of ErFeO3 near the low temperature spin reorientation transition
Authors: Dan’shin N. K. , Kovtun N. M. , Sdvizhkov M. A.
Published: December 2024

We have studied microwave absorption in ErFeO3 in the frequency range 10–40 GHz in the neighborhood of the low temperature spin reorientation transition when it is induced by a magnetic field directed along the a or c axes. We observe a sudden decrease in the antiferromagnetic resonance frequency near the transition. We have constructed the H–T phase diagram. The transition from resonance losses to quasistatic losses of the microwave energy was studied as a function of frequency and temperature. The phase diagram for H||c is interpreted as describing a metamagnetic transition in the rare earth system.
On the effect of the scattering processes on the singularities of the order parameter of a superconductor
Authors: Makarov V. I. , Yatsenko A. A.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that, in the presence of impurities, the order parameter Δ(p, ω) of a superconductor has two types of singularities. The first type of singularities is due, as in the case of pure superconductors, to a change in the topology of the lines of intersection of the two surfaces ε(p + q) = εF and ωλ (q) = const (the lq line). The second type of singularities, whose amplitude is proportional to the attenuation factor Γ(p), is due to a change in the topology of the lines of intersection of the surfaces ε(p + q) = εF, ε(p) = εF and the lq line. It is found that at the frequencies corresponding to the singularities of the function dΔ(p, ω)/dω the value of the function is proportional to (s/υΓ/Δ0)−1/2 (s is the velocity of sound, υ is the Fermi velocity, and Δ0 is the energy gap), and the characteristic damping range in which the anisotropy of the gap of the superconductor is significantly reduced is equal to (s/υ) Δ0 at the singularities.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of Ni(NH2CH3)6l2
Authors: Anders A. G. , Volotskii S. V. , Stankowski J.
Published: December 2024

Investigations were carried out of the frequency and temperature characteristics of the electron paramagnetic spectrum of Ni(NH2CH3)6I2. It was found that the axial phase is preserved in the specimen in the temperature range 4.2–300 °K. The parameters of the intracrystalline field were determined.
Semimetal–semiconductor transition with a change in the thickness of a bismuth–antimony alloy thin film
Authors: Bukhshtab E. I. , Komnik Yu. F. , Nikitin Yu. V.
Published: December 2024

The changes in the electrical resistance and the magnetoresistance coefficient have been studied for Bi films and Bi1−x Sbx alloys (x = 0.168) at 4.2 and 300 °K with an increase of thickness L from 4 to 10 μ. It has been established previously that in the region of composition with x > 0.065 which corresponds to the semiconductor spectrum in bulk crystals, in films less than 2μ thick there is a semimetallic state due to the change in the structure of the spectrum under the influence of the film potential. A comparison of the behavior of the resistance and magnetoresistance of bismuth and alloy films in the region of large thicknesses allows one to establish that in Bi0.83Sb0.17 alloy films with L > 7 μ there is a decrease in the carrier concentration which indicates a semimetal-semiconductor transition with increasing film thickness.
X-ray analysis of the thermal expansion of solid CO2
Authors: Krupskiĭ I. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Érenburg A. I. , Baryl’nik A. S.
Published: December 2024

X-ray diffraction studies of the lattice parameters of solid carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide were performed in the temperature range 5−195 and 100−182 °K, respectively. Their densities, molar volumes, and coefficients of thermal expansion are determined; the heat capacities at constant volume, the Grüneisen coefficients, and the adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities are computed. The contributions of translational and librational vibrations of molecules to the thermal expansion of the crystals are separated. It is established that within the scope of the classical law of corresponding states, the coefficients of thermal expansion of CO2 and N2O are described practically by a single curve, while their phonon components at high temperatures agree well with data from studies of solid argon and krypton.
Effect of modulation fields on the threshold for parametric excitation of spin waves
Authors: Frishman A. M.
Published: December 2024

We construct a theory which qualitatively and quantitatively describes the properties of parametric spin wave resonance in the presence of modulating fields.
Dynamics of a one-dimensional model of a displacive phase transition
Authors: Aksenov V. L. , Didyk A. Yu. , Yushankhai V. Yu.
Published: December 2024

A study is made of the excitation spectrum of a one-dimensional model of a displacive structural phase transition. Quasisolitons and lattice vibrations are self-consistently described by the variational method for the free energy, taking into account kink–phonon and phonon–phonon interactions. It is demonstrated that the frequency of the soft mode increases as the temperature approaches the transition point (T − Ts = 0). The temperature dependence of the central peak is also examined.
X-ray investigation of the structure of the intermediate phases of methane and deuteromethane
Authors: Prokhvatilov A. I. , Isakina A. P. , Krupskii I. N.
Published: December 2024

X-ray studies of the intermediate phases of methane and deuteromethane are carried out. Analysis of experimentally observed reflections caused by x-ray scattering by hydrogen and deuterium atoms shows that the orientation structure of these phases is modulated and incommensurate. The modulation parameters and the periods of the modulated unit cell are determined. A transition to a commensurate orientational structure is observed in methane, whose temperature coincides with the earlier observed volume jump.
Resonant transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a superconductive plate
Authors: Khusainov M. G.
Published: December 2024

Selective transparancy of a superconducting plate, occurring upon coincidence of the external electromagnetic field frequency and the resonant frequency of conduction electrons and paramagnetic impurities under electron bottleneck conditions, is considered. It is shown that upon transition of the metal into the superconductive state the form of the transmitted signal does not change, although the frequency range in which transparency can occur does narrow. The results obtained are applicable for a description of transmission in the case of pure resonance on conduction electrons.
Anomalous change of resistivity and Hall coefficient of Hg1−xMnxTe at very low temperature
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Tsidil’kovskii I. M. , Moshchalkov V. V. , Ponikarov B. B. , Skrbek L. , Taldenkov A. N. , Chudinov S. M.
Published: December 2024

In p-type, zero-gap Hg1−xMnxTe (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) a strong (4−5 times) increase of the electron mobility was found at low temperatures (below 1.5°K). This increase is explained by the formation of neutral donor-acceptor complexes.
Influence of evaporation conditions on the superconducting transition temperature of beryllium films freshly condensed on a cold substrate
Authors: Tutov V. I. , Semenenko E. E. , Chupikov A. A.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the evaporation procedure has a significant influence in the superconducting transition temperature of freshly deposited beryllium films. The maximum value, Tc =9.75 °K, is observed for beryllium films (thickness ∼400 Å) obtained from the melt. It is shown that Tc increases smoothly as the film thickness increases for all one-step evaporation techniques. The curve Tc(d) is higher for higher temperatures of the beryllium supply. The superconducting form of beryllium is retained for large thicknesses if the films are formed under strictly controlled conditions.
On nonlinear magnetization of conduction electrons in weak magnetic fields
Authors: Mikitik G. P. , Nedorezov S. S.
Published: December 2024

The magnetization susceptibility χ of conduction electrons in weak magnetic fields H(x = x0 + x1H2) is analyzed as the chemical potential passes through the singular points of the energy spectrum. The cases of separate critical points at which the topology of the Fermi surface changes and of certain converging energy bands are considered. It is shown that the singularities in the ζ dependence of x1(as compared to x0) are much more pronounced. The three-band model of the electron spectrum used to describe the magnetic susceptibility behavior in hep metals is studied in details. Experimental studies of the predictable anomalies in x1 can provide valuable information on the electron band structure parameters.
Adiabatic separation of the outer and inner electrons and the band structure of inert gas crystals
Authors: Ratner A. M.
Published: December 2024

A qualitative difference in the conditions in which a weakly bound outer electron and strongly bound inner electrons of an atom move, is characteristic for inert gas crystals. This makes the utilization of traditional band theory methods difficult, but permits substantial simplification of the problem by separating the outer and inner electrons in an adiabatic approximation. In addition to the conduction band considered earlier, the excitation bands are constructed by such means.
Structural state of beryllium films obtained at low temperatures in various condensation regimes
Authors: Yatsuk L. A.
Published: December 2024

It is found that the condensation rate has a significant effect on the structure of beryllium films freshly deposited at helium temperature. It is established that at a low condensation rate (less than 7 Å sec−1) the Be layers have an amorphous structure, while when a condensation rate of ∼9 Å/sec is reached, diffraction from the film is observed. A critical thickness phenomen was also observed. The relationship between the critical superconductivity temperature Tc and the structural state of low temperature Be films is considered.
Kinetic inductance of point contacts between normal metals
Authors: Kulik I. O. , Omel’yanchuk A. N. , Tuluzov I. G.
Published: December 2024

The current state in a normal metal microcontact with an ac voltage across the junction is considered. The frequency dependence of the resistance and the kinetic inductance produced by transit time and electron–phonon effects is analyzed. The possibility of a new method of determination of the electron–phonon interaction constant λ by study of high frequency properties is indicated.
Effect of the superconducting transition on the plastic deformation of zinc single crystals
Authors: Kuz’menko I. N. , Lavrent’ev F. F. , Pustovalov V. V. , Salita O. P.
Published: December 2024

The effect of the superconducting transition of the flow stress (ΔτN-S) of zinc single crystals has been investigated under the conditions of basal and pyramidal slip. The temperature dependences of ΔτN-S in the range 0.4 °K to Tc have been determined as have the effect of the dislocation structure on ΔτN-S and the effect of the state on the dislocation structure of the deformed specimen.
Concentration dependence of the vibrational characteristics of a crystal with substitutional impurities
Authors: Tolstoluzhskii V. P. , Syrkin E. S. , Peresada V. I.
Published: December 2024

The method of Jacobian matrices is used to study the effect of pairwise impurity interaction on the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of a crystal. We analyze, in particular, the splitting of quasilocal vibrations induced by this interaction, and the contribution of these vibrations to the low-temperature specific heat.
Induction of superconductivity with a finite voltage on the plates of an N−S tunnel sandwich
Authors: Seminozhenko V. P. , Shafranyuk S. E.
Published: December 2024

The Éliashberg technique is used to obtain an equation for the energy gap of an N film (belonging to an N−S sandwich; S is the superconductor) in the tunneling Hamiltonian model. The case where the voltage V applied to the contact differs from zero is considered. It is shown that, as distinct from the previously considered case of V = 0, the induction of superconductivity (proximity effect) is manifested best in the N film at voltages V2∼Δs2−ΔN2 when Δs ≫ ΔN (Δs and ΔN are the energy gaps of the S and N films).
Detection of trapping of He3 impurities in He4 crystals
Authors: Mikheev V. A. , Maidanov V. A. , Mikhin N. P.
Published: December 2024

NMR measurements of the diffusion coefficient D of He3 impurities in solid He4 containing 2−4% He3 were made. It is shown that in the region of the low-temperature plateau the diffusion coefficient decreases sharply with increase in concentration down to 2 · 10−11 cm2 sec−1, which indicates strong trapping of impurities in hep He4. Under these conditions there is a power-law increase in D with increase in temperature, which is consistent with Kagan’s theory of phonon stimulated coherent quantum diffusion. The contribution of vacancy diffusion in the presence of He3 trapping in He3 crystals is discussed.
Propagation of fifth sound in superfluid helium films
Authors: Karchava T. A. , Kekutiya Sh. E.
Published: December 2024

Wave propagation in films of superfluid 4He and superfluid 3He−4He mixtures is investigated under the conditions of partial damping of the normal component of the liquid and without regard for effects associated with the condensation and evaporation of helium atoms from the film. It is shown that two types of surface waves are possible, the first associated with van der Waals interaction between the film and the substrate, and the second with the propagation of temperature waves (fifth sound). The propagation velocities and absorption coefficients are calculated for the latter waves. It is determined that the wave associated with van der Waals interaction is highly attenuated, whereas fifth sound is only slightly attenuated.
Thermal conductivity of niobium–titanium alloys in the normal and superconducting states
Authors: Herzog R. , Khukhareva I. S. , Tsvineva G. P.
Published: December 2024

The thermal conductivity of niobium–titanium alloys with large proportions of the components and with various structural defects was studied in the temperature range from 4.2 to 30 °K. The work was carried out in order to elucidate the scattering mechanisms for electrons and phonons in the normal and superconducting states. It was established that the low values of the conductivity and its concentration dependence are determined by the small value of the electronic component. The differences in the temperature variation of the thermal conductivity in the superconducting state are determined by the phonon component. The scattering of phonons depends strongly on concentration and on the physical state of the specimen.
Characteristics of nonlinear sound attenuation in superconducting gallium
Authors: Fil’ V. D. , Denisenko V. I.
Published: December 2024

The propagation of sound waves in superconducting gallium with varying degrees of purity is investigated over a broad range of temperatures. The nonlinearity is observed to depend comparatively weakly on the magnitude of electron scattering. The validity of various mechanisms for explaining the observed effects is discussed.
Electrical resistance and structural characteristics of chromium films produced by low-temperature condensation
Authors: Belevtsev B. I. , Komnik Yu. F. , Yatsuk L. A.
Published: December 2024

A study was made of amorphous chromium films produced by condensation on a substrate at liquid-helium temperature and then heated to various temperatures (up to approximately 350 °K), namely the temperature dependence of their electrical resistance was measured and their structural characteristics were determined with the aid of electron diffraction. It has been found that the coordination structure of such amorphous films depends on their thickness and temperature. The dependence of the crystalline transition temperature on the thickness of amorphous chromium films has been established, and features of this transition are discussed. The reversible trend of the resistance R(T) for amorphous chromium films as well as for crystalline ones is characterized by a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. A comparison of experimental data with known theories reveals that the R(T) curves agree closely with the Ohkawa theory, which had been developed for metals with a very short mean free path for electrons. The irreversible decrease of the electrical resistance of chromium films in the 250−320 °K temperature range is also discussed. It is proposed that this decrease is associated with a phase transition of chromium from the antiferromagnetic to the paramagnetic state.
Superfluid-flow-induced magnetic solitons in 3He-A
Authors: Poluéktov Yu. M.
Published: December 2024

The orienting effect of superfluid flow in 3He-A near the transition into the A1 phase on the spin part of the order parameter d is considered. It is shown that a d-soliton lattice is formed when the superflux exceeds a critical value. The propagation of spin waves in the presence of a magnetic-soliton lattice is investigated.
High-frequency electrical conductivity of a nonideal surface in a magnetic field
Authors: Fal’kovskii L. A.
Published: December 2024

The impedance of a metal specimen is calculated in the geometry used in cyclotron resonance. The results are thoroughly analyzed for the case of a sharp indicatrix of scattering of conduction electrons by a nonideal surface.
Thermodynamic properties of the Ising model with equilibrium impurity distribution
Authors: Arzhnikov A. K. , Vedyaev A. V.
Published: December 2024

A relatively simple method for computing thermodynamic quantities in the Ising model with impurities in thermodynamic equilibrium is proposed. The specific heat, the susceptibility, and the short-range order of spins localized on bonds of different types are investigated for the plane square lattice.