bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effort of Build Tolerance Society with Cross-Faith Dialogue in Lumajang Regency
Authors: Soffi Dewi Ariyanti , Haque Arina
Published: December 2023

The multi-religious reality cannot be avoided by the people of Indonesia, one of which is in the Lumajang Regency. If not treated properly, this condition will create the potential that leads to religious conflict. FKUB (Forum for Religious Harmony) is a bridge between religion and the state in uniting a pluralistic Indonesian society to create religious spaces. Interfaith dialogue is a meeting place for community and religious leaders through joint discussion sessions to open people's insights regarding differences through qualitative research methods with an ethnographic approach. Then for data collection techniques, the authors conducted observations, interviews, and literature studies both online and offline. The theoretical analysis carried out in this case study uses the concept of "Interfaith Dialogue" by Hans Kung through participatory involvement, which is divided into several activities, namely: 1) Inauguration of the Harmony Awareness Village; 2) Inter-Religious Harmony Dialogue in Senduro Village; 3) Inter-Religious Youth Harmony Dialogue (GEMA-UTAMA); 4) Interreligious Women's Dialogue (FP-KUB). The implementation of interfaith dialogue produces a positive impact on society. The interfaith dialogue program offered by FKUB Lumajang Regency is crucial in stimulating interfaith dialogue and creating avenues for communication.
Hybridisation and Lexical Variation: An In-depth Analysis of The Ministry of Utmost Happiness
Authors: Qazalbash Farwa , Humaira Irfan  , Zehra Batool
Published: December 2023

Hybridization and lexical variation are phenomena that are prevalent in many cultural domains, which as a process define the instances of hybridity in language and culture. The current study aims to investigate the variation English language in Arundhati Roy’s, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness to study the incorporation of code mixing between L1 (Hindi-Urdu) and L2 (English). This research also investigates how code-mixing results in lexical variation and hybridization in the context of South Asian languages. The findings of this research revealed that) the writer borrowed words, phrases, and sentences from both Hindi and Urdu languages to construct a specific form of hybrid identity. She frequently uses metaphorical language as an organism to convey its social and cultural backgrounds, indicating a linguistic hybridity submerged within a cultural context. Additionally, the findings also indicated that most of the borrowings stem from various sources, such as religion, cuisines, clothing, poetry, caste systems, and untranslatable expressions. Roy in particular resists translation of expressions, such as ‘Razai (Quilt), Masjid (Mosque), Baba (Father), and Inqilaab (Revolution) to create nuances of meaning embedded in the South Asian cultural context. Thus, the findings also revealed that the hybrid use of language by South Asian writers is in actual an attempt to reject the normative hegemony of Standard English and promote Hindi-English and Pakistani-English as an idea of celebrating hybrid identity.
DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KUE BAGEA SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG IKAN GABUS (OPHIOCEPHALUS STRIATUS) DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L)
Authors: Masud Hikmawati , Rauf Suriani , Nurlita Nurlita
Published: December 2023

Bagea cake is a typical cake from Palopo City, South Sulawesi. The main ingredient is starch, therefore the nutritional content is mostly carbohydrates. Bagea cake substituted with snakehead fish meal and red bean flour can increase protein content. This study aims to determine the acceptability and protein content of bagea cake substitutes for snakehead fish meal and red bean flour.This type of research is Pre-experimental acceptability test using organoleptic test with a total of 25 panelists. Statistical test using Friedman test. Analysis of protein content using the Kjeldahl method. Data is presented in tabular form accompanied by explanations in narrative form.The results showed that the most preferred acceptability of bagea cake substituted with snakehead fish meal and red bean flour from the aspect of color, aroma, texture, and taste was bagea cake with a concentration of 15%:15%. The results of laboratory tests showed that the protein content in bagea cakes at a concentration of 15%:15% was 6.096 per serving of bagea cakes.It is recommended that in making bagea cake substitutions of snakehead fish meal and red bean flour use a concentration of no more than 15% so that it can be accepted by panelists from the aspect of color, aroma, texture and taste.
KERAGAMAN DAN PENERIMAAN MAKANAN ANAK BERPENGARUH PADA STUNTING DI DESA LOKUS STUNTING KABUPATEN ENREKANG : STUDI POTONG LINTANG
Authors: Sirajuddin  , Ipa Agustian , Astuti Trina , Desmarnita Ulti
Published: December 2023

Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), Acceptance Diet (AD) and Minimum Meal Frequency (FFM) of children's are direct variables that affect nutritional status. The objectives of this study was to determine the effect of DDS, FFM and  AD on stunting in children aged 1-3 years. The Design is a cross-sectional study, conducted in Baraka District, Enrekang South Sulawesi Indonesia. Measurement of height using a microtoice (2-3) years and a length board (2 years) with an accuracy of 0.1 cm. Stunting was determined according to the 2006 WHO anthropometric median, <-2 SD HAZ. The child feeding instrument uses the WHO/Unicef ​​instrument, 2021. Bivariate analysis used Chi Square Test, multivariate analysis used Logistics Regression. The results of the study found that the gender and father education had an effect on stunting (p=0.000) and p=0.018, while the age group (p=0.946), mother's occupation (p=0.392), mother's education (p=0.190) had no effect to prevention of stunting. Child feeding consisting of FFM, DDS and AD partially affected stunting p<0.05. Logistic regression analysis revealed that stunting can be predicted by modeling by 73.5% used strong predictors of risk factor DDS, and  AD. Odds ratio 95% (CI) is 4.18 (1.69-10.33), p = 0.02 and 41.60(16.5-104.3) and protective by female Odds Ratio 95% CI= 0.30(0.12-0.71), p=0,007,  Meanwhile, FFM and father education cannot predict stunting p=0.062 and p=0,442 respectively. Conclusion: stunting in Baraka sub-district is influenced by DDS, AD and Sex. It is recommended to strengthen education on the DDS and AD children to prevent stunting in children aged 1-3 years
POTENSI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL SUMBER VITAMIN C DAN ZINK: COOKIES DAUN KELOR DAN LABU KUNING
Authors: Masithah St.
Published: December 2023

One of the efforts that have been made to deal with the challenge of micronutrient deficiencies is to utilize local food. Several studies have shown that the use of wheat flour from local food in the manufacture of cookies can increase the nutritional value of the product, so a study was conducted regarding the addition of moringa leaf and pumpkin flour to cookies. Analyze the content of vitamin C and zinc in cookies with the addition of moringa leaf and pumpkin flour. This study used an experimental research design which was carried out in two stages. The first stage: the manufacture of flour and cookie formulation which was carried out at the Stikes Salewangang Maros Nutritional Food Administration Laboratory. In the second stage, nutrient analysis was carried out at the Makassar Health Laboratory Center (BBLK).The results of the analysis of the content of micronutrients with 3 repetitions showed that the zinc content was 120.77 mg/g while the vitamin C was 1275.22 mg/g. So, by consuming 3 pieces of cookies can meet the daily zinc needs of children aged     6-11 months and children aged 1-3 years. Meanwhile, for vitamin C, consuming 3 pieces of cookies can meet the needs of vitamin C for children aged 1-3 years and consuming 4 pieces of cookies can meet the daily needs of children aged 6-11 months.The addition of moringa leaf flour and pumpkin flour to the cookies of this study increased the micronutrient content of vitamin C and zinc compared to cookies in general, but the results of the analysis of the content of vitamin C
La Araucanía y sus sabores
Authors: Caro Villegas Margaret , Astorga Eló Marcia , Marquez Arias Carlos
Published: December 2023

Nuestro país se caracteriza por presentar una gran diversidad de climas y ecosistemas, donde crecen una amplia gama de productos que la población a través de la historia ha sabido seleccionar según el aporte para la salud y la alimentación. En este punto se fusiona la comprensión ancestral de los pueblos originarios que han habitado los territorios y que han transmitido, de generación en generación, el conocimiento de dónde se pueden encontrar estos alimentos, cómo consumirlos y cómo conservarlos para no perder el recurso, con el paso de los años. En la actualidad, donde los tiempos se vuelven cada vez más escasos, la mayoría de las personas prefiere adquirir platos preparados y así ahorrarse el tiempo utilizado en la selección, compra y elaboración de una preparación. Esto ha llevado a que muchos de los conocimientos sobre productos obtenidos directamente de la tierra se perdieran en el tiempo, o bien, que solo se limiten a sectores pequeños, de población rural o pertenecientes a algún pueblo originario, que habitan zonas alejadas de las grandes ciudades. En la región de La Araucanía es muy popular el consumo de ciertos productos de temporada ciertos hongos comestibles, en otoño, los cuales son ricos en proteínas, ciertos frutos silvestres, que se recolectan en primavera y verano, los que no han podido ser reproducidos, por lo que no pueden ser cultivados de manera comercial. Esto ha hecho que la visibilización de estos alimentos sea necesaria, no solo para aprovechar sus propiedades nutricionales, sino también para promover el cuidado de nuestra salud y el respeto de la naturaleza, lo que beneficiaría la revalorización de los recursos, el aseguramiento de las fuentes de alimentación, la sustentabilidad en el tiempo, y la mantención de la biodiversidad. Por lo anteriormente expuesto, este libro busca compartir preparaciones con sus respectivos aportes nutricionales, en base a los Alimentos Ancestrales de La Araucanía, transmitir cómo se cocinan estas recetas ancestrales por parte de la comunidad mapuche y también la incorporación de recetas gourmet por parte del Chef. De esta forma colaboramos en ampliar el repertorio cultural, nutricional y gastronómico de nuestra comunidad académica, profesional, estudiantil y de los lectores que estén interesados en este tema.
Authoritarian successor parties and political protest in Asia
Authors:   , Lee Myunghee
Published: December 2023

How does an authoritarian successor party (ASP) interact with civil society in East and Southeast Asia? Does an ASP's control over the executive and legislature increase or decrease protest movements? Do ASPs effectively mobilize protesters? Why do ASP supporters organize protests? Among third wave democracies from 1974 to 2010, 75 percent of countries produced authoritarian successor parties and 54 percent of them had ASPs returned to power. In Asia, in particular, many ASPs still remain successful in elections. By employing various research methods ranging from frequentist and Bayesian to qualitative analysis of interviews, this study examines the relationship between ASPs and civil society organizations (CSOs) in Asia and provides an answer to each question.
Determinants of legislative staff turnover
Authors:   , Brant Hanna K.
Published: December 2023

"Senator Pearson's remarks leading up to the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 make an important point: Congress cannot rely on outside actors, particularly the same branch that it is mandated to oversee, to conduct policy research and draft legislation. Instead, Congress must build its capacity and expertise by investing in its own staff to compete with, and effectively oversee, the executive branch. While Senator Pearson's comments shed light on the importance of investing in legislative staff, his comments fall short of another point: Congress can invest in its capacity by increasing the number of staff for members', but if Congress cannot retain its most qualified and expert staff, congressional capacity is at risk. Broadly, my dissertation seeks to understand staff employment and work environments at both the congressional and state level with an emphasis on staff turnover to understand modern legislative capacity for policy development and constituent service. ... By studying what variables influence staffer intention to leave and by observing turnover intra-institutionally, my dissertation has important implications for the study of Congress and state legislatures. Recent work on Congress suggests the best way to increase institutional capacity is not to increase members' representational allowances for staff or the number of staff, but rather, to retain the most experienced people they have (Crossoen et al. 2018). A key contribution of my research is that it may help legislators identify policies to retain staff, and in turn, aid institutional capacity. I begin by providing a broad overview of the congressional literature to position staff as the missing component. Next, I detail the growing body of work on congressional staff and the more the limited work on staff in state legislatures, before turning my focus to my three empirical analyses of legislative staff turnover."--Introduction.
Multi-scale self-assembly of nanoenergetic materials utilizing functionalized graphene
Authors:   , Wang Anqi
Published: December 2023

The work described here-in focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel nanoenergetic materials and is driven by overcoming the disadvantages of traditional nanoenergetic composites, improving the energetic performance as well as discovering the science boundary of nanoenergetic materials. Micro-scale and macro-scale structured energetic composites were synthesized via self-assembly process between Al nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and functionalized graphene. A novel gelation process of reduced graphene oxide was developed and utilized for self-assembling Al and Bi2O3 into macroscale structures with enhanced energetic performance and handling safety. The process successfully reduced graphene oxide sheets into rGO, forming a 3D structure with high porosity, controllable density, size, shape and chemical composition. The phase separation between Al and Bi2O3 was minimized, and the energetic reactivity of both nanoparticles was retained. Therefore, the final product rGO/Al/Bi2O3 exhibited 25 percent increase in energetic release during equilibrium reaction. A more than 100 percent increase in combustion rate was observed due to the unique self-confining structure. The conductive rGO scaffold offered the product a better safety for handling by increasing the ignition threshold to electrostatic discharge by 4 orders. Halogenated graphene was also adopted as the additive for self-assembly with Al and Bi2O3 nanoparticles for micro-scale energetic composites. A fluorine, oxygen co-functionalized graphene (FGO) was synthesized via a gas -- solid XeF2 -- GO reaction. The stability of this material upon storage time, temperature and dispersing was examined, confirming both stable and unstable fluorine groups contained in its structure. After mixing with Al and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, the FGO/Al/Bi2O3 showed a 60 percent enhancement in energy release and an all-solid-state reaction between Al and Bi2O3 as the fluorine significantly weakened the alumina shell protecting Al core. Iodinated reduced graphene oxide (I-rGO) was also prepared to fabricate microscale self-assembled I-rGO/Al/Bi2O3. The I-rGO was synthesized by graphene oxide paper and hydroiodic acid, containing both chemically bonded single iodine atoms and intercalated polyiodide clusters between graphene layers. The loss of iodine contents, especially polyiodide clusters, from the structure upon heating, solvent effect and exfoliation was examined. After self-assembly with Al and Bi2O3 nanoparticles, the released iodine weakened the alumina shell by forming Al-O-I bond on it, reducing the reaction temperature and enhancing the energy release significantly. The conductive I-rGO also increased the threshold to electrostatic discharge of final I-rGO/Al/Bi2O3 by 4 orders, ensuring the safety during handling the material in large quantity.
Feminist theory as it relates to business leaderhip content : a case of patriarchal dominant society structure
Authors:   , Campbell Susan J.
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This study is an exploration of the business leadership content that exists to serve as a resource for the development of the leadership role, the performing of that role and the overall application of acquired skills for the betterment of an organization. By examining the current literature available on the feminist theory and its role in the development and distribution of information on women in the workplace, women in entrepreneurship, and the societal norms developed and maintained through the masculine lens, this study aims to better understand the resources available to the female leader. Therefore, the research question is expressed as: have business magazine leadership articles demonstrated a rhetorical shift from 1994 to 2019 to meet the unique needs of the female leader? When examining the feminist theory agenda in research, the focus tends to be on the balance of women in business through the lens of corporate social responsibility, the varying roles between men and women as they relate to current societal hierarchies, and the overall experiences women have at work. The available literature suggests significant gaps in the study of women in leadership and women in the workplace, especially as it relates to feminist theory and the availability of content that is targeted specifically to the female leader and the unique challenges she experiences. This study seeks to add to the body of knowledge on the feminist theory and how the practical application of the findings can improve the development and availability of content for women in business leadership.
OPT and the geography of employment : understanding the post-graduation work mobilities of Missouri's international students
Authors:   , Kaemmerer James E.
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This thesis looks at the geographic distribution of employment for Missouri's international students following graduation, as well as their employment location preferences before graduation. An analysis of Optional Practical Training (OPT) employment address data reveals intriguing distribution patterns--at the local, state, and national levels--that are influenced by variables such as degree level, field of study, and graduating-institution location, among others. This paper also compares the historical OPT data with the results of a 2019 survey of international students in their final semester at three universities in Missouri in which respondents were asked about their work location preferences before graduation. The survey includes a novel map-based questionnaire to spatially identify migration destination preferences. Survey results suggest Missouri's international students are already focused on out-of-state work destinations prior to graduating, but hints that prior work experience could help retain students. The paper ends with a discussion of the OPT program and ideas for the future.
Examining bidirectional associations between momentary impulsivity, alcohol consumption, and daily life contexts
Authors:   , Freeman Lindsey
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI--COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Longitudinal, cross sectional, and laboratory studies have examined the relationships between impulsivity and alcohol use. However, most studies so far have not examined temporal relationships between impulsivity and alcohol consumption, and few studies have been conducted examining these relationships in daily life. The current study examined the relationships between momentary ratings of impulsivity, alcohol consumption, and social contexts using ecological momentary assessment, where participants carried an electronic diary for 28 days and responded to prompts multiple times per day. Participants were 52 regular drinkers (26 with borderline personality disorder and 26 community drinkers). Multilevel models were used to examine the temporal relationships between self-reported momentary impulsivity and alcohol use, as well as social context and diagnostic group as potential moderators of these relationships. In all models, impulsivity and alcohol use were related at the same prompt. However, lagged impulsivity (rated at the prior prompt as well as the cumulative average of impulsivity so far on drinking days) was not associated with alcohol consumption. On the other hand, higher blood alcohol concentration estimates predicted increased subsequent momentary impulsivity ratings on drinking days, as did consuming any quantity of alcohol since the previous prompt for participants with BPD. These results suggest that impulsivity and alcohol use are related when measured in participants' daily lives, but when considered together, these findings do not provide sufficient support for the bidirectional influences of self-reported impulsivity and alcohol consumption. Rather, results demonstrate alcohol's influence on self-reported impulsivity during drinking days, consistent with previous laboratory findings. These findings highlight the importance of considering short-term, within-person relationships in impulsivity and alcohol consumption, and suggest a potential for intervention to prevent risky alcohol use.
The relationship between ideology and climate change opinion in Latin America
Authors:   , Siefkas Adrian
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI--COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This master's thesis examines whether there is a relationship between ideology and climate attitudes in Latin America. There are very few studies about climate change opinion in the region, but those that exist show that the region homogenously believes in climate change at very high rates. For the first time, the Latinobarometro (2017) asked about climate change skepticism across the region, allowing for investigation of political determinants. I begin the project in the first section with an exploratory analysis that looks at the relationship between ideology and climate attitudes across the region. In the second section, I develop a theory that should explain variation across countries. Finally, in the third section, I test the theory in each country individually.
The effects of blast-induced traumatic brain injury on two transgenic models of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors:   , Gann Courtney L.
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is well known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which TBI increases the risk of AD is still poorly understood, and research is greatly needed to explain the long-term effects of TBI. In the current study, we examined the long-term effects of a blast-induced mild TBI (mTBI) on two rat models of AD: APP21 (n=7) and APP+PS1 (n=14). We examined differences among genotype, sex, and condition (blast exposure or no blast exposure). Five months after half of the rats were exposed to a low intensity blast, behavioral assessment occurred. We examined spatial learning, memory, anxiety levels, locomotor activity, willingness to explore, and social motivation through a range of assessments. We hypothesized that the APP21 and APP+PS11rats exposed to a low intensity blast will have lower spatial learning skills, poorer memories, and will show more anxious behaviors than the APP21 and APP+PS1 rats that were not exposed to a blast. Our results showed that rats with a mTBI showed significantly more impaired memory and spatial learning skills, but no anxiety differences were found between our mTBI and the control APP21 and APP+PS1 rats.
A numerical simulation of a single shock-accelerated particle
Authors:   , Maxon William Curtis
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Particle drag models, which capture macro viscous and pressure effects, have been developed over the years for various flow regimes to enable cost effective simulations of particle-laden flows. The relatively recent derivation by Maxey and Riley has provided an exact equation of motion for spherical particles in a flow field based on the continuum assumption. Many models that have been simplified from these equations have provided reasonable approximations; however, the sensitivity of particle-laden flows to particle drag requires a very accurate model to simulate. To develop such a model, a 2D axisymmetric Navier-Stokes direct numerical simulation of a single particle in a transient, shock-driven flow field was conducted using the hydrocode FLAG. FLAG's capability to run arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian hydrodynamics coupled with solid mechanic models makes it an ideal code to capture the physics of the flow field around and in the particle as it is shock-accelerated -- a challenging regime to study. The goal of this work is twofold: to provide a validation for FLAG's Navier-Stokes and heat diffusion solutions, and to provide a rationale for recent experimental particle drag measurements. It was found that the particle temperature and kinematic results closely line up with those predicted by well-established heat transfer and drag models, validating the numerical solutions. The rational for the measurements, with this validation in mind, is that there is an experimental bias towards introducing smaller particles than expected.
Comparative biomechanics of cranial kinesis in reptiles
Authors:   , Wilken Alec Thomas
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] "The vertebrate skull is a composite organ made from structures that arise from different developmental, evolutionary and biomechanical phenomena. Of these parts, the chondrocranium is among the key skeletal elements as it serves not only as primordial protection for the brain and sensory structures, but as the cartilaginous and ultimately bony structure the jawed feeding apparatus is formed about. Despite the great diversity of the head structure and function among gnathostomes, they all share the common problem of articulating the first arch cartilages, particularly the suspensorium to the neurocranium. Although this articulation is mediated indirectly via the hyomandibula in fishes, as this suspensorial element transitioned to form the ear ossicle (i.e., the columella) in early tetrapods, the palatoquadrate cartilage formed a new direct link with the neurocranium via the otic joint (Brazeau and Ahlberg, 2006; Gardner et al., 2010) and palatobasal joint (e.g., Iordansky, 1989). Despite considerable variation in the construction of these joints, they all share the function of linking the jaws to the neurocranium. ... Cranial kinesis is a manifestation of many different morphological, histological, mechanical, and behavioral variables. Therefore, making informed predictions about structure-function relationships is challenging. Regardless, new methods are enabling us to better capture joint shape, function and performance. Thus, here we explore the diversity of form, function and performance across a small, yet diverse sample sauropsids of varying kinetic behaviors. Using novel imaging and modeling techniques we quantify aspects of cranial morphology which affect kinetic behaviors and elucidate promising future avenues of research. These findings will provide new insights into how developmentally disparate portions of the skull function together in tetrapods, the evolution and biomechanics of ball and socket joints, and the evolution of secondary cartilages."--Introduction
Social bots versus real humans : the framing of 'Trump's Wall' on Twitter
Authors:   , Parra-Novosad Natalie
Published: December 2023

Around the globe, elites are using social media and computational propaganda to manipulate public opinion, (Bradshaw and Howard, 2018) increasingly degrading the traditional news media's gatekeeping function while building a symbiotic relationship with ideological media that forgo objectivity (Entman and Usher, 2018). Although a number of studies have examined framing of content in social media, including Twitter, no study known to the author has isolated bot-generated tweets to understand if they are capable of framing issues and how they frame them compared to real humans. The current research explores this issue by using a machine-learning (ML) software that detects whether a post came from a social bot account versus a real human with up to 100 percent accuracy for political bots (Yang et al., 2019). After an extensive manual data collection procedure, the current research goes through three steps: 1) identify whether a Twitter post originated from a social bot vs. real human, 2) determine the frame(s) and sentiment used in the post, 3) determine if the results fall in line with an asymmetrical cascading network activation model where the posting of right-leaning content is more automated than left-leaning content (Entman and Usher, 2018). To explore the existence of a new cascading network activation model that is asymmetrical, the content examined had to be polarizing. Thus, the context selected for the study is President Donald Trump's current Mexico border wall campaign. In addition to the data capture method described, a content analysis method is also utilized to make comparisons between frames used by social bots versus real humans and the right versus the left.
Mediating effects of youth-serving programs on adjustment in youth with temporarily-absent parents
Authors:   , Ferguson Kendra S.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine how youth-serving programs support youth during the temporary absence of a parent. For this study, temporarily-absent parents have been identified as those who are absent from the home due to work, separation or divorce, incarceration, and more. There have been many negative outcomes associated with youth adjustment in the absence of a parent, particularly with socio-emotional development and academics. While youth-serving programs have been historically known for promoting positive youth adjustment, research lacks the specifics as to how youth-serving programs support positive youth adjustment when filling the void of a temporarily-absent parent. One-hundred-five students from the University of Missouri were recruited to participate in this study, and nine qualified to complete the author-created survey. Largely, findings suggest that youth have a positive experience when attending youth-serving programs, during the temporary absence of their parent. While some participants indicated feelings of sadness and loneliness, many participants suggest that involvement in youth-serving programs has a positive influence on social engagement, such as development of friendships and sense of belonging. While program participation positively affected social engagement, perceived influence on academic outcomes varied. Implications of the findings are discussed. Specifically, methods for how youth and families can be better supported during the temporary absence of a parent/caregiver will be suggested.
Long violent history : the news values of the Blackjewel coal miner protest
Authors:   , Baldridge Marlee
Published: December 2023

How do journalists cover those outside of their own experience? As researchers study newsroom diversity, this has been one of the most pressing issues on editors and publishers as they try to improve trust with marginalized communities and diversity in their own newsroom. This led me to a very simple question: How well do journalists understand their own coverage? I used the explanatory structure suggested by Creswell and Plano Clark (2011) to develop in-depth interviews, which were then contextualized by content analysis. I compared the analysis of what the journalists thought they portrayed in their writing, and what actually appeared. Ultimately, I found that while the reporters I interviewed had fine-tuned control over depicting the conflict and impact value of a news story, they struggled with other elements. I also found in the interviews there are implications about how newsrooms think of news values, and more research is needed to understand how descriptive news values influence coverage.
Sour rot : effects of fruit fly life stages, chemical management, and winemaking
Authors:   , Kenney Patrick M.
Published: December 2023

Sour rot is a disease of grape clusters near harvest involving Drosophila fruit flies, in which berries discolor, pulp liquifies, and acetic acid accumulates. The specific role of fruit flies in progressing sour rot has yet to be determined, outside of their critical role in the development and spread of sour rot within the vineyard. Once sour rot symptoms develop, chemical management is a challenge as the disease progresses in the final weeks leading to harvest. This increasing disease pressure negatively impacts the quality of fruit that is used in winemaking. To investigate the role of various fruit fly life stages on symptom development, undamaged ripe berries of Vitis interspecific hybrid cv. Chambourcin were surface-sterilized, wounded, and co-inoculated with causal organisms Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Gluconobacter cerinus, then exposed to either axenic D. melanogaster eggs, 24hr-old larvae, or adult life stages. Symptoms were rated daily based on severity scale of 0-4. After recording disease progression over nine days, all life stages eventually scored the highest rating level (4) with all control treatments rated a 2, implicating prepupal fruit flies as a critical component in the development of sour rot. In summary, the larval stage of fruit flies is important for the development of sour rot symptoms and should be considered a necessary component in disease progression. Management strategies that incorporate insecticide and antimicrobial sprays have little effect on sour rot incidence and severity when initiated after the development of disease symptoms. Spraying weekly after 15 Brix should not be considered an adequate management practice, as more frequent sprays do not significantly impact disease ratings at harvest. Moreover, adding a relatively low percentage of sour rot-affected grapes in the winemaking process increases acetic acid close to the legal threshold of allowance. Once this acetic acid accumulates due to sour rot progression, post-harvest interventions do not reduce levels after fermentation.
The role of public information officers in local American government
Authors:   , Mascarenas Christina Rae
Published: December 2023

Public information officers (PIOs) see themselves as the liaison between the agency they represent and the public. They come from various backgrounds including broadcast and print journalism, for profits and the advertising world while others seek out local government jobs straight out of college since they loved public relations and wanted to serve their local community. This thesis seeks to understand how PIOs experience and manage competing roles in their local government agency, as well as how they came into these PIO roles. This turned out to be a unique year for the PIOs as they learned how to navigate through an unprecedented pandemic to riots to an election on top of their everyday roles. Through qualitative research that included 13 in-depth interviews from current local government PIOs and applying role conflict theory, this thesis presents the PIOs understanding on how they view their roles in their job, what it means to them and how they manage all that they do.
News framing and public approval of the tax cuts and jobs act
Authors:   , Davison Laura
Published: December 2023

This study is a content analysis of 291 news articles from the New York Times and the Associated Press about the debate and passage of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This study looks at how the news framing and economic effects highlighted in the stories changed in the month lead-up to the legislation's passage and the month after it became law. There was also a considerable shift in public approval of the law between these two time periods, as measured by public opinion polls. This legislation never broke 50 [percent] approval, unlike other tax cuts in past decades that were largely popular and received favorable news coverage. However, the law did become more popular after President Donald Trump signed it into law. The shift in popularity occurred when the share of news coverage focusing on positive economic outcomes increased. The study is guided by the research question of how news coverage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act differed in framing and economic outcomes differed between the two time periods. This study is important because it demonstrates how the frequency of positive or negative economic outcomes in the news coverage correlated with public opinion over the two months included in the study. Additionally, the research found that stories that emphasized negative or neutral economic outcomes were more comprehensive than stories that focused on positive economic outcomes. The research raises practical implications for journalists about how the framing of stories and the economic outcomes included in those stories affect public perception of policies.
A study of the effects of cycling frequency on lithium-ion and lithium polymer batteries' degradation
Authors:   , Gangireddy Bhavana Sharon
Published: December 2023

Conventional energy sources are depleting rapidly and might last for another 50-150 years depending on our current usage. Environmental issues like global warming are also rising quickly. Renewable energy sources can address both these issues and offer various other advantages like stabilizing the load, lower maintenance requirements etc. However, due to their intermittent supply, they are not always reliable. The energy harnessed from renewable sources needs to be stored and readily available for our use. Hence, the power system network is shifting towards energy storage technologies. There are various energy storage technologies available, out of which the battery energy storage systems (BESS) for large-scale energy storage are widely used. Examples of BESS are in the modern electronics [and] electrical devices like laptops, smartphones, iPad etc. This thesis focuses on various types of batteries used in BESS, their degradation processes and the factors contributing to their degradation. Two types of batteries, lithium-ion and lithium-polymer were tested under different conditions to observe the degradation process and the results obtained were analyzed.
Grapevine trunk disease in Missouri vineyards : prevalence and causality of fungal species by cultivar
Authors:   , Serra Emily
Published: December 2023

Grapevine Trunk Disease (GTD) is an emerging fungal disease complex in vineyards worldwide. In 2019, pruning wood samples from a research vineyard in New Franklin, MO were collected from nine cultivars of Vitis interspecific hybrid cultivars, in which GTD pathogens were found at various frequencies depending on the cultivar. DNA was extracted from 48 individual isolates and submitted for Sanger Sequencing. White grape cultivars (63 [percent]) had significantly higher percentage of GTD than red grape cultivars (27 [percent]) (p [less than] 0.001). Cultivar Aromella had the highest percentage of GTD pathogens (88 [percent]), while Prophecy had the lowest percentage of GTD pathogens in its sample vines (12 [percent]). The more prevalent GTD pathogens in the samples (Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, Neofusicoccum ribis, and Pestalotiopsis uvicola) were then subjected to Koch's Postulates, which is the plant pathology method for determining whether an organism causes a disease. Koch's Postulates were evaluated in a greenhouse by inoculating shoots of Vitis interspecific hybrid cultivar Vignoles, the most widely planted white grape cultivar in Missouri. Shoots were inoculated and placed in a greenhouse for ten days. All shoots inoculated with the fungal endophytes displayed symptoms of GTD, including brown tissue around the wound site, demonstrating that these regionally prevalent endophytes can rapidly cause symptoms consistent with GTD on young Vignoles vines. Examining the differing prevalence of these GTD-causing pathogens in various interspecific hybrid cultivars will aid in the development of cultivar-specific management strategies for GTD. In a separate experiment, a survey of the incidence and severity of symptomatic vines was conducted at a commercial vineyard in Missouri. This site contained a block of Vitis interspecific hybrid cultivar Vidal blanc being removed, with much of the vines showing symptoms of GTD in the vascular tissue of the trunks. This research sought to evaluate the disease severity from the trunks in the vines being rogued. Although there was no statistical significance between the severity ratings and fungal species recovered from Vitis interspecific hybrid cultivar Vidal blanc samples (p [equals] 0.7153), 90 [percent] of the randomly sampled vines showed visual GTD symptoms, including cankers and brown discoloration of wood. The experiments reveal that Vitis interspecific hybrid cultivars may have varying susceptibilities to GTD pathogens, with white cultivars having a higher incidence than the red cultivars studied. Additionally, young Vignoles vines can show symptoms of GTD in just 10 days after inoculation with four GTD pathogens. Both of these results have management implications, in that cultivars may need to be managed differently for GTD depending on whether they are a red or white grape cultivar, and sanitation practices may need to be initiated at the time of planting to prevent the development of GTD symptoms in young vines.
Evaluating phytochemical contributions to atrazine degradation
Authors:   , Hatch Kathleen Marie
Published: December 2023

Surface water contamination from the herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) has been a concern for many years. The use of vegetated buffer strips (VBS) is known to improve water quality but the use of specific vegetation has the potential to substantially improve VBS efficacy. This research revealed significant differences in microbial response, based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers, to atrazine application specific to treatments of eastern gamagrass, Kanlow switchgrass, Cimarron switchgrass, and bare ground Control in mesocosm studies. Interestingly, microbial community changes measured with PLFA were not reflected in rates of atrazine degradation which were similar for all treatments. Atrazine degradation rates were especially surprising with regard to the eastern gamagrass treatment, as these plants are known producers of the atrazine degrading benzoxazinone (Bx) compound DIBOA-Glc. Additional research revealed atrazine degradation from switchgrass root extracts of eight varieties under laboratory conditions. Identification of atrazine degrading phytochemicals in switchgrass root extract was not completed due to seasonal variation in phytochemical production and instability of root extracts. Sorption studies of DIBOA-Glc revealed partitioning coefficients of 31.65 for Ca saturated montmorillonite (Ca-montmorillonite) clay and 87.22 for Mexico silt loam soil. Studies of the atrazine: DIBOA-Glc reaction in the presence of Ca-montmorillonite equilibrated with atrazine, as well as Ca-montmorillonite equilibrated with DIBOA-Glc, revealed that atrazine hydrolysis was inhibited by clay sorption. These results indicated that phytochemically mediated atrazine degradation from Bx compounds contributes minimally to atrazine degradation in soil. The driving force behind atrazine degradation within the soil environment appears to be microbially mediated. Lastly, throughout attempts to identify the atrazine metabolite formed from switchgrass root extract, it was discovered that the biocide sodium azide (NaN3) was capable of producing a previously undocumented aminated atrazine metabolite as well as significantly different atrazine degradation rates between switchgrass varieties. These results serve as a warning against the use of NaN3 as a biocide with atrazine degradation studies. Selection of vegetation for VBS based on the support of soil microbial communities has the potential to enhance VBS efficacy with regard to minimizing atrazine contamination of surface water.
When trying to return home : stories
Authors:   , McCauley Jennifer Maritza
Published: December 2023

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI--COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This dissertation includes the critical introduction "My Mother is My Homeland: Subversive Representations of the Black Puerto Rican Matriarch" and a collection of short stories, WHEN TRYING TO RETURN HOME. In the critical introduction, I explore how Mayra Santos-Febres and Amina Gautier create subversive representations of black Puerto Rican women in their texts, and how both writers expand representations of the black matriarch. I also argue that both writers evoke problematic black motherhood tropes to dismantle them. Both writers show how these complex "fictional mothers" can serve as "fictive kin" to black women searching for radical cites of home. The short story collection, with varying degrees of engagement, addresses issues of race, class and gender, the invisibility of marginalized women, and uneven distribution of resources for people of color. The stories feature Black American and Black Latinx characters who wrestle with their ties to the time period, state, island or intracultural expectations, and search for "homes" in many kinds of idealized places.