bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instance Vehicle Monitoring and Tracking with Internet of Things Using Arduino
Authors: Dhanalakshmi  , Ezil Sam Leni A.
Published: November 2017

The Vehicle Tracking System has the capability of finding the Vehicle location, Gas Leakages, Vehicle Speed, and Vehicle Accident and at the same time notifies the owners of the vehicle through a GSM network with an SMS alert message. The drivers require their presence to their family or to their respective one’s. The main aim is to design a low cost and an efficient vehicle tracking and vehicle security circuit based on an Arduino microcontroller. This system can be made as a backup sector inside the vehicles to prevent them from stolen and easy to identify the location and prevent from other disaster factors. The main methodology of the device is to monitoring the vehicle speed via Ethernet shield through Internet of things. The protective system is maintained by analysing gas tank through gas sensor which details about the gas leakage. The advantages of this device are alarming the driver when there is any gas leakage in the vehicle and also informs about the speed of the car. A vibrating sensor is used to alert when the vehicle is struck with some accident by sending SMS to the required people via GSM Modem and all the data which can be viewed by the driver can be viewed by the people in home via Ethernet device.
Hybrid Power Harvester Using Engine Source
Authors: Ahmed Meeran Mydeen A. , Inasu Kelwin , Venkatesh M. , Suthesh C.
Published: November 2017

In mainly we present a compact, multisource and battery-free energy harvesting from engine source. This battery free generator captures energy from its environment transient thermal gradients as a main source, and vibration as a secondary source allowing early biasing of the generator and stores this energy in ultracapacitors .In this way, this multi-source architecture benefits from the synergy between energy scavenging and harvesting.
Hardware Implementation of Uwb Radar for Detection of Trapped Victims in Complex Environment
Authors: Anto Bennet M. , Narmatha J. , Pavithra B. , Suvetha P. , Sandhyalakshmi A.
Published: November 2017

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar plays an important role in search and rescue at disaster relief sites. Identifying vital signs and locating buried survivors are two important research contents in this field. In general, it is hard to identify a human’s vital signs (breathing, body temperature, brain waves and heartbeat) in complex environments due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the vital sign in radar signals. In this paper, advanced signal-processing approaches are used to identify and to extract human vital signs in complex environments. First, we apply Curvelet transform to remove the source–receiver direct coupling wave and background clutters. Next, singular value decomposition is used to de-noise in the life signals. Finally, the results are presented based on FFT and Hilbert-Huang transform to separate and to extract human vital sign frequencies, as well as the micro-Doppler shift characteristics. The proposed processing approach is first tested by a set of synthetic data generated by FDTD simulation for UWB radar detection of two trapped victims under debris at an earthquake site of collapsed buildings.
Design of Low Power Carry Skip Adder Using Dtcmos
Authors: Dinesh Kumar T.R. , Mohana Sundaram K. , Anto Bennet M. , Aruna R. , Meena B. , Mohanapriya M.
Published: November 2017

In the domain of VLSI design, the adders are always meant to be the most fundamental requirements for processors of high performance and other multicore devices. It is found that power dissipation is a major problem in the electronic devices. Power management integrated circuit (PMIC) is emphasized as battery-powered portable electronics such as smart phone are commonly used. In this paper we are designing a carry skip adder which consumes less power than the other conventional adders using dynamic threshold complementary metal oxide semiconductor (DTCMOS).Tthe circuit is designed using tanner EDA simulator of 32nm technology. Also the circuit is compared with the CMOS technology methods.
Design of Sram Architecture with Low Power without Affecting Speed Using Finfet
Authors: Mohammed Sulaiman S. , Jaison B. , Anto Bennet M. , Vijay M. , Pandi Selvam V. , Anandakumar P.
Published: November 2017

In average 8T SRAM Architecture, it requires maximum number of transistor counts and does not need any write back scheme. To achieve the higher word line (WL) Voltage, the bit line (BL) is connected to the gate of the read buffer SRAM Architecture. That boosted voltage is not used when the threshold voltage is high. Its leads to the reduction of read stability of the SRAM Design. In that case, the gate terminal of the SRAM Architecture is not connected to the buffer results a large delay. To overcome the disadvantage of the average 8T SRAM architecture, the 6T SRAM Design is proposed. In proposed 6T SRAM Design, the number of transistor counts and Power is reduced than the existing design. Various factors of the proposed SRAM Architecture, which stores multiple bits in terms of power and transistor counts. The simulation of 6T SRAM design is carried out in S-Edit and the synthesized in T-Spice.
Performance Evaluation of Efficient and Reliable Routing Protocol Algorithm
Authors: Sathyasri B. , Ganesh E.N. , Senthil Kumar P. , Rathna S. , Jaishree Bai R. , Nalini G.
Published: November 2017

Fixed-power wireless sensor networks are prevalent and cost-effective. However, they face mote failures, RF interference from environmental noise and energy constraints. Routing protocols for such networks must overcome these problems to achieve reliability, energy efficiency and scalability in message delivery. Achievement of these requirements, however, poses conflicting demands. In this work, we propose an efficient and reliable routing protocol (EAR) that achieves reliable and scalable performance with minimal compromise of energy efficiency. The routing design of EAR is based on four parameters expected path length and a weighted combination of distance traversed, energy levels and link transmission success history, to dynamically determine and maintain the best routes. Simulation experiments of EAR with four existing protocols demonstrate that a design based on a combination of routing parameters exhibits collectively better performance than protocols based on just hop-count and energy or those using flooding.
Cluster Head Election Mechanism-Based on Fuzzy Logic (Chef) with TDMA in WSN
Authors: Vijayalakshmi G. , Anto Bennet M. , Shenbagavalli P. , Vijayalakshmi M. , Saranya S.
Published: November 2017

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are being used for huge range of applications where the traditional infrastructure based network is mostly infeasible. The most challenging aspect of WSN is that they are energy resource-constrained and that energy cannot be replenish. the wireless sensor network of power limited sensing devices called sensor deployed in a region to sense various types physical information from the environment, when these sensors sense and transmit data to other sensors present in the network, even the cluster head is elected according to check their residual energy considerable amount of energy will drain automatically to overcome this drawback by considering the protocol a fuzzy logic approach is used to elect the cluster head based on three descriptors-energy, centrality & distance and second CH is elected according to TDMA to overcome the data lost during energy drain occur in the CH .NS-2 simulation shows that proposed protocol provides higher energy efficiency. This paper proposes the mechanism or device is capable of utilizing its own system of control simply called as self-configurable clustering mechanism to detect the disordered CHs and replace them with other nodes. And results have been derived from simulator ns-2 to show the better performance.
An Intelligence Super Mart Billling System
Authors: Mekala S. , Thanagaraj M. , Chandranath M. , Vasanta Kumaran K.K.
Published: November 2017

Currently embedded systems be mainly based on microcontroller’s i.e. CPUs in the company of included reminiscence the same as well as tangential interface except ordinary microprocessors by means of external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits are common, especially in technology may not only be useful for streamlining category and supply chains. Nowadays it is rare to see people getting keen in online shopping through e-commerce websites but still the shopping centers are popular. We come across many types of carts used for shopping in malls and shopping center. The major purpose of this effort is reducing delays in foremost supermarkets or shopping center via income of an electronic smart cart method which will introduce an cognitive approach to billing system during RFID technology. Zigbee is base scheduled an IEEE 802.15 ordinary. Zigbee devices a group of pass on data more than longer space by transient data through transitional devices to make more distances ones, create a interconnect network. Purchasing product during a RFID reader going on shopping cart, suggest while product information resolve be stored into EEPROM close to it and EEPROM data spirit send in the direction of central billing system throughout Zigbee module. The anticipated method will survive helpful for avoiding queues in shopping malls for billing. Hence the shopping becomes easy and enjoyable.
Computation of Field Programmable Cyclic Redundancy Checks Circuit Architecture
Authors: Anto Bennet M. , Ravali Lakshmi , Sughapriya T.R. , Jenitta J. , Vaishnavi K. , Alphonse Priyanka Paree
Published: November 2017

In this work we are going to simulate a field programmable cyclic redundancy check circuit architecture. The transmitted data or stored data must be free from error. The increased use of error correction techniques by digital communications designers has created a demand for tools to evaluate and exercise error correction coding approaches before they are committed to expensive ASICs or firmware. Cyclic redundancy check is an error detection method but it can be used only for a specific application. A field programmable circuit is one which enables a wide range of polynomial width and input port width to be used with in the same circuit. The parameters are reprogrammable and it is fully flexible. The circuit also consists of an embedded configuration controller that reduces the programming time and complexity. The hardware cost is reduced and the line speed is increased. The primary tool used is modelsim 6.1a.
A Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Scheme Over Encrypted Based on Hierarchical Clustering Index
Authors: Indhuja A. , Udaya shankar T.P. , Balajee Mastan Vali Shaik RM. , Sujatha P
Published: November 2017

A Secure and Dynamic Multi-keyword Ranked Search Scheme over Encrypted Cloud Data Due to the increasing popularity of cloud computing, more and more data owners are motivated to outsource their data to cloud servers for great convenience and reduced cost in data management. In this project, present a secure multi-keyword ranked search scheme over encrypted cloud data, which simultaneously supports dynamic update operations like deletion and insertion of documents. Specifically, the vector space model and the widely-used TFIDF model are combined in the index construction and query generation. The proposed hierarchical approach clusters the documents based on the minimum relevance threshold, and then partitions the resulting clusters into sub-clusters until the constraint on the maximum size of cluster is reached. In the search phase, this approach can reach a linear computational complexity against an exponential size increase of document collection. In order to verify the authenticity of search results, a structure called minimum hash sub-tree is designed in this paper. Due to the use of our special tree-based index structure, the proposed scheme can achieve sub-linear search time and deal with the deletion and insertion of documents flexibly. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Data Mining with Big Data Revolution Hybrid
Authors: Elankavi R. , Kalaiprasath R. , Udayakumar R.
Published: November 2017

Big Data concern large-volume, complex, growing data sets with multiple, autonomous sources. With the fast development of networking, data storage, and the data collection capacity, Big Data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains, including physical, biological and biomedical sciences. This paper presents a HACE theorem that characterizes the features of the Big Data revolution, and proposes a Big Data processing model, from the data mining perspective. This data-driven model involves demand-driven aggregation of information sources, mining and analysis, user interest modeling, and security and privacy considerations. We analyze the challenging issues in the data-driven model and also in the Big Data revolution.
Porous Silicon Sensors- Elusive and Erudite
Authors: Saha H.
Published: November 2017

Porous Silicon Sensors have been fabricated and tested successfully over the last few years as humidity sensors, vapour sensors, gas sensors, piezoresistive pressure sensors and bio- sensors. In each case it has displayed remarkably sensitivity, relatively low temperature operation and ease of fabrication. Brief description of fabrication and properties of all these types of different sensors is reported in this paper. The barriers of porous silicon like contact, non- uniformity, instability etc. are also discussed.
Measuring Flow Parameters Of Particulate And Powdery Solids In Industrial Transportation Processes
Authors: Fuchs A. , Graz H. Zangl
Published: November 2017

This paper provides an overview of existing technologies to measure flow parameters, such as material velocity and material concentration, in industrial transportation processes of particulate and powdery solids with a focus on pneumatic conveying. Restrictions, advantages and drawbacks of state of the art measurement principles are discussed. We show that capacitance-based sensing with suitable electrode topology allows for non-invasive, low-cost determination of flow parameters. Two industrial applications for material transportation - by means of pneumatic conveying and of screw conveyors - are presented
Model Order Selection Criterion For Monitoring Haemoglobin Status In Dengue Patients Using Armax Model
Authors: Rahim H. Abdul , Ibrahim F. , Taib M. N. , Rahim R. Abdul , Sam Y.Mad
Published: November 2017

This paper describes the development of linear autoregressive moving average with exogenous input (ARMAX) models to monitor the progression of dengue infection based on hemoglobin status. Three differents ARMAX model order selection criteria namely Final Prediction Error (FPE), Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) and Lipschitz number have been evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that Lipschitz number has better accuracy compared to FPE and AIC. Finally based on Lipschitz number, appropriate model orders have been selected to monitor the progression of dengue patients based on hemoglobin status. Further work is to apply this appropriate model orders to nonlinear Autoregressive (NARMAX) model.
Guidance-Based On-Line Motion Planning For Autonomous Highway Overtaking
Authors: Ghumman Usman , Kunwar Faraz , Benhabib Beno
Published: November 2017

In the context of intelligent transportation, this paper presents a novel on-line trajectorygeneration method for autonomous lane changing. The proposed scheme is guidance based, realtime applicable, and ensures safety and passenger ride comfort. Based on the principles of Rendezvous Guidance, the passing vehicle is guided in real-time to match the position and velocity of a shadow target (i.e., rendezvous with) during the overtaking manoeuvre. The shadow target’s position and velocity are generated based on real-time sensory information gathered about the slower vehicle ahead of the passing vehicle as well as other vehicles which may be travelling in the passing lane. Namely, the guidance principle is also used to prevent any potential collision with these obstacle vehicles. The proposed method can be used as a fully autonomous system or simply as a driver-assistance tool. Extensive simulations and experiments, some of which are presented herein, clearly demonstrate the tangible efficiency of the proposed method.
A Robot Succeeds in 100% Mirror Image Cognition
Authors: Takeno Junichi
Published: November 2017

Humans are capable of identifying their own image when reflected in a mirror. This mechanism is a mystery that has never been solved. I created a program that achieved such awareness on a robot and conducted three experiments. The first was an experiment on a self robot that imitates its own self-image reflected in a mirror. The second experiment had a robot imitating another robot of the same type which was made to perform the same behavior. The last was an experiment using two robots of the same type and the same functions to imitate each other. In these experiments, the program calculated the coincidence rate of behavior between the self robot and the other robot. I found that compared with the case in which the robot performed a behavior according to its own judgment, the coincidence rate was always higher in the case of the mirror image. At this time, when the target moved according to its own judgment in the second experiment, this can be considered as a part of the self, similar to the use of “human hands and feet.” From this result, the mirror image can be judged to “exist closer to the self than a part of the self” and can in fact be considered a “self.” I thought that the result of these experiments indicated that mirror image cognition of the robot succeeded completely and that this would be the “first example toward explaining physically the mirror image cognition capability of humans.” This paper details logical and physical explanations for achieving the results, and in addition, presents several considerations and prospects derived from the experiment results.
Single Sh-Saw Sensor as a Distributed Sensor Array for Liquids Recognition
Authors: Kryshtal R.G. , Medved A.V.
Published: November 2017

Basic possibility to use single-channel shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves sensor constructed as a delay line on multilayered structure with 36 YX LiTaO3 substrate for liquids recognition has been proposed. The changes under analytes influence of the sensor pulse responses obtained by transformation to time domain of one of the S-parameters measured in frequency domain have been used as sensor responses. Examples of responses to some liquid analytes have been demonstrated for a sensor based on LiTaO3 – SiO2 – molecularly imprinted polymer layered structure. Qualitative explanation of the result is given by treating such a sensor as a distributed sensor array.
Performance Analysis of Patient Specific Elman-Chaotic Optimization Model for Fuzzy Based Epilepsy Risk Level Classification from Eeg Signals
Authors: HariKumar R. , Vijayakumar T.
Published: November 2017

This paper aims to analyze the optimization of Epilepsy risk levels from EEG signals using Fuzzy based Elman-Chaotic Optimization. The EEG (Electroencephalogram) signals of twenty patients are collected from Sri Ramakrishna Hospitals at Coimbatore. The raw EEG signals are sampled and various parameters like energy, energy, variance, peaks, sharp and spike waves, duration, events and covariance. The fuzzy techniques are applied as a first level classifier to classify the risk levels of epilepsy by converting the EEG signal parameters in to code patterns by fuzzy systems. Elman-Chaotic optimization is identified as post classifiers on the classified data to obtain the optimized risk level that characterizes the patient’s epilepsy risk level. This classification provides a better way of treating the epileptic patients. This project aims to safeguard a patient’s life when critical situation occurs. Future scope is to design an embedded system which collects the raw EEG signals from the brain and directly gives the level of epilepsy. It will make the neural surgeons to give appropriate remedial measures.
Sensors for Monitoring Components, Systems and Processes
Authors: Jayakumar T. , Rao C. Babu , Philip John , Mukhopadhyay C.K. , Jayapandian J. , Pandian C.
Published: November 2017

The application of sensors encompasses many sectors of industry. In this paper, we outline different sensors – Raman distributed temperature sensor, sensor based on nano ferrofluids and MEMS based ultrasonic sensors. The development and application of these sensors for monitoring performance of systems and processes are discussed. Further, we also discuss the application of acoustic emission and infrared thermal imaging for process monitoring.
Robust Fusion Algorithms for Linear Dynamic System with Uncertainty
Authors: Beak Inhea , Lee Seokhyoung , Shin Vladimir
Published: November 2017

In this paper, two robust fusion algorithms for a linear system with observation uncertainty are proposed. The first algorithm is based on the classical median function and the second one uses relative distances between local estimates and their median value. In the view of estimation accuracy, the proposed fusion algorithms can be robust against uncertainty measurements since median can avoid extremely big or small values. This fact is verified from comparative analysis using numerical examples.
Experimental Study on Vibration Control of Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Flexible Beam
Authors: Dhanalakshmi K. , Avinash Aditya , Umapathy M. , Marimuthu M.
Published: November 2017

This paper describes the development of an experimental platform which analyzes and controls the vibration of a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuated and piezo sensed flexible beam. The vibration is controlled using the interactive force of a pair of almost identical SMA wires connected in an antagonistic manner, arranged in parallel to and on both sides of the cantilever beam structure. Data acquisition and control are implemented using a PCI data acquisition card and LabVIEW. Standard P, PI, ON-OFF controllers have been used to control the first mode of vibration of the flexible beam. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controllers designed and usefulness of the proposed test platform by exciting the structure at resonance.
The Effect of Catalytic Metal Contact on Methane Sensing Performance of Nanoporous ZnO -Si Heterojunction
Authors: Mishra G. P. , Sengupta A. , Maji S. , Sarkar S. K. , Bhattacharyya P.
Published: November 2017

A sol-gel derived ZnO-p-Si heterojunction structure were fabricated and investigated as a potential methane sensor. Three configurations with different contacts (Pd-Ag contact both on ZnO and Si / Pd-Ag on ZnO side and Au on Si / and Au on both sides of the junction) were fabricated in order to study the impact of the catalytic contact on the methane sensing properties. Structural characterization with high resolution FESEM and EDX study revealed the synthesis of highly crystalline ZnO thin film with particle size ~40nm. The catalytic contact metal used was also of nanoporous nature as was revealed from FESEM were as the noncatalyic metal showed flake like texture. The heterojunctions were investigated at different operating temperatures (50°C-300°C) and at different operating voltages (1-5V) for varying concentrations of methane (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%). It was observed that the device with Pd-Ag (70%) contacts on both sides offered shorter response time (~28sec) and much higher response magnitude (~63%) compared to the sensor with Au contact both sides (response time ~47 sec and response magnitude ~ 19%). It is further revealed that the sensor performance with catalytic contact only to ZnO (and Au to Si) is almost the same as that of sensor having catalytic contact on both sides, emphasizing the fact that using catalytic contact to the sensing layer only modulates the sensor characteristics. The diode parameters like ideality factor, saturation current and the change in barrier height (upon exposure to methane) were also calculated for getting the insight of the sensing mechanism and were found to be in well agreement with the experimental results.
Hepa Filter Material Load Detection Using a Microwave Cavity Sensor
Authors: Mason A. , Wylie S. , Thomas A. , Keele H. , Shaw A. , Al-Shamma’a A.I.
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a novel microwave cavity sensor application for the detection of HEPA filter particulate loading. The sensor resonates at 3.435GHz and 8.570GHz when empty, where the TM010 and TM020 modes dominate respectively. Experimental results show that the resonant frequency of the sensor shifts significantly when filters of different particulate loadings are presented to it. This is a significant finding, and means that the sensor could present an effective solution for determining the loading of periodic use HEPA filters (e.g. those used in personal respirators), which are often disposed of unnecessarily.
A Cooperative Object Tracking System with Fuzzy-Based Adaptive Camera Selection
Authors: Morioka Kazuyuki , Kovacs Szilveszter , Lee Joo-Ho , Korondi Peter
Published: November 2017

The intelligent environments, built upon many distributed sensors, are promising technology for ubiquitous interaction between robots and human beings. Especially, it is important to track target objects and get the positional information of them in such environments. This paper focuses on adapting camera selection for target tracking in multi-camera system. In this paper, a fuzzy automaton based camera selection method is introduced. In the proposed method, the camera selection decision is driven by fuzzy automaton based on the previously selected camera (previous camera state) and the tracking level of the object in each available camera. Simulations for evaluation of the proposed method and comparison with the previous method are presented. The results show that the proposed method is efficient for adaptive camera selection in multi-camera environment and helps easy construction of multi-camera placement. An actual multi-camera system with the proposed camera selection method was developed for checking tracking performance in the real environment. Experiments in the constructed system show that the proposed method suits well the camera selection task for tracking a moving object in the real intelligent environment.
Analysis of Tactile Slippage Control Algorithm for Robotic Hand Performing Grasp-Move-Twist Motions
Authors: Yussof Hanafiah , Wada Jiro , Ohka Masahiro
Published: November 2017

This paper presents an analysis result of grasp-move-and-twist motions of robotic hands equipped with optical three-axis tactile sensor to evaluate performance of a new control algorithm based on tactile slippage sensation. The optical three-axis tactile sensor is capable of defining normal and shear forces simultaneously. The proposed algorithm consists of robot arm and hand controls based on parameters of normal and shear force, and slippage detection. To improve performance during grasp, move and twist motions, we present analysis of slippage direction and classify the control algorithm in two phases: grasp-move-release and grasp-twist. We present detailed explanation of the control algorithm based on the existing robot arm control system. The experiment is conducted using a bottle cap, and the analysis results show that the slippage control parameters enhanced performance of grasp control in simultaneous robot tasks. Experimental results revealed good performance of the proposed control algorithm to accomplish the proposed grasp-move-and-twist motions.
Self-Organizing Urban Traffic Control Architecture With Swarm-Self Organizing Map in Jakarta: Signal Control System and Simulator
Authors: Jatmiko W. , Azurat A. , Herry  , Wibowo A. , Marihot H. , Wicaksana M. , Takagawa I. , Sekiyama K. , Fukuda T.
Published: November 2017

Urban traffic control is the main factor that contributes to traffic jam. Approach in distributed Urban traffic control has been developed in several research, but the coordinating controller factor is basically a quite complicated task to tackle, because between intersection have dependency, so required a method of distributed control system capable for synchronizing between intersections. In this paper we present architecture of decentralized self-organizing traffic control with swarm-self organizing map in real situation even on non-structure intersections like in Jakarta (Indonesia). Based on the proposed architecture we have been implemented Traffic Signal Control System for controlling traffic lights in which the coordination between the intersections is implemented using distributed swarm self-organizing map. Traffic Signal Control System were tested in a simulated real-road scenario of Jakarta. By means of the computer simulation, the application of distributed swarm signal self-organizing control is proved effective in urban traffic.
High Sensitivity Methane Sensor By Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Zno Thin Film
Authors: Roy Sunipa , Saha H. , Sarkar C. K.
Published: November 2017

-Nanocrystalline n-ZnO thin films were deposited on SiO2-coated (0.45 μm) p type Si substrates (10-20Ω-cm) by a low cost chemical deposition technique to fabricate ZnO-based resistive sensors for methane detection. The nanocrystalline ZnO needle like structures were grown on RCA cleaned p-Si<100> substrates by successive immersion (100-200 times) into a Sodium Zincate bath (0.125M) kept at room temperature and DI water maintained at 90 °C . The Sodium Zincate was prepared by reacting Zinc Sulphate and excess Sodium Hydroxide in aqueous solution. The film thickness of 1.5 μm (approx.) for 75 dippings was obtained. The dipping time is 1 second. The annealing was done at a lower temperature (150 °C) for 30 minutes in air. Structural characteristics were studied by FESEM and EDAX to indicate the formation of ZnO with vertical orientation. The hexagonal needle like structures of 0.3-0.5μm diameter and 1-1.5μm length were formed. The resistance of the ZnO films in ambient air (zero level for gas sensing) was found to be stable and reproducible after several thermal cyclings. Surface modification with palladium (0.01% PdCl2 for 5 seconds) was done to enhance sensitivity; so that the ZnO thin films can give significant response to target gases at the operating temperature of as low as 130°C, compared to the normal operating temperature range of 200–400°C for zinc oxide resistive gas sensors. The planar gold contacts were deposited by vacuum evaporation technique. The device was then tested for its methane sensing property at different operating temperatures (150,175,200,250,300,350°C) and at 5 different methane concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1%) taking N2 as a carrier gas. The response magnitude, response time and recovery time were studied in detail for both Pd modified and unmodified ZnO film. The maximum response of 99.76% and the lowest response time of 39 seconds were obtained at 200°C for Pd modified sensor. A high sensitivity to methane even at low temperature (130°C) was observed comparable to those obtained by more sophisticated and expensive deposition process e.g. MOCVD.
An Approach Towards Development Of Pmv Based Thermal Comfort Smart Sensor
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Singh I. P. , Sud S. K.
Published: November 2017

ASHRAE 55-2004 and ISO 7730 standards failed to predict actual comfort level and lead to oversize design of HVAC system. So proper thermal environment monitoring is an important subject to have right size of HVAC systems. A prototype thermal EM system has been developed. Thermal environment parameters such as: temperature, relative humidity, CO and CO2 are measured by using the developed system. These data are used to calculate the thermal comfort index. The subjective judgments and the calculated PMV are compared with the results. The results showed the possibility of using PMV based thermal comfort smart sensor.
Low-Frequency Localization And Identification System With Zigbee Network
Authors: Ropponen A. , Linnavuo M. , Sepponen R.
Published: November 2017

Location awareness is important in health care. One way of generating this is a low-frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) location system that has been developed. The system tracks RFID tags with a quad antenna matrix that is placed under the floor surface. The tag can be also used to receive alarms and send acknowledgements via a ZigBee network. This article discusses the requirements of this kind of a tag, its structure, and its location accuracy. The demonstrated RFID system can locate people and items inside the building with an accuracy of 1.1 ± 0.5 m (S. D.).
Embedded Sensing And Actuation For Helmets Co2 Levels Control
Authors: Kemp John , Gaura Elena , Brusey James , Thake Doug
Published: November 2017

The paper reports on the development and evaluation of a simple closed loop solution for controlling the CO2 levels within small enclosed environments, such as Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) protective suit helmets. Based on a detailed analysis of the helmet environment during bomb disposal missions, the solution proposed automates the current manually controlled fan integrated within the helmet to achieve an effective, timely and energy efficient, control system.

Whilst the paper and its supporting experimental work focus on the particular case study of operatives wearing EOD suit helmets, the methods proposed and the control system development methodology are generic and directly applicable to a wide class of helmet usage scenarios.

The main contributions in the paper are as follows: i) the design and implementation of an empirical helmet model based on data collected with a bespoke helmet embedded instrument developed by the authors; and ii) the production of a simple but effective fan air flow control algorithm for containing CO2 concentration exposure during missions, and an associated evaluation simulator/test bed. The resulting closed loop, automated sensing and actuation system extends the otherwise short fan battery lifetime to cover entire missions, delivers a healthy breathing environment for the operative and minimises noise disruption associated with the use of the fan. The control algorithm outperforms fixed airflow settings in terms of energy efficiency.
Hscloud: Cloud Architecture for Supporting Homeland Security
Authors: Fazio M. , Paone M. , Puliafito A. , Villari M.
Published: November 2017

Governmental institutions all over the world are trying to increase the level of security of their countries emphasizing the usage Information Technology solutions. We believe that Cloud Computing may strongly help Homeland Security, since it offers a very flexible support for organizing and managing heterogeneous systems, providing huge amount of processing, storing and sensing resources. In this work we introduce a new Cloud architecture able to virtualize different types of sensing environments in virtual sensing elements, logically belonging to Cooperating Clouds. It represents a very flexible solution, which offers seamless, secure and advanced services to support Homeland Security.
Monitoring the Postural Stability of Planar Bipedal Robots using the Moment-Height Stability Measure
Authors: Alghooneh Mansoor , Takhmar Amir , Moosavian S. Ali. A.
Published: November 2017

Robotics researchers have studied the stability maintenance requirements of bipedal robots since they are inherently unstable. An accurate postural stability measure is required to monitor their dynamic equilibrium conditions. In this article, the novel Moment-Height Stability (MHS) measure, which has previously been developed for monitoring the postural stability of wheeled mobile robots, is developed for that of bipedal robots. The performance of the MHS is evaluated with that of the well-known postural stability measure Zero-Moment Point (ZMP). The MHS and the ZMP are applied to two types of manoeuvres of a planar bipedal robot, consisting of standing up and swinging forward. Simulation results reveal that both the ZMP and the MHS predict the same instant for the occurrence of postural instability for the biped; the MHS warns the biped that the potential of postural instability amplifies once the overall height of the biped center of mass (CM) starts elevating, while the ZMP does so immediately before the occurrence of postural instability.
Synthesis of SrTiO3 Nanopowder by Sol-Gel-Hydrothemal Method for Gas Sensing Application
Authors: Kajale D. D. , Patil G. E. , Gaikwad V. B. , Shinde S. D. , Chavan D. N. , Pawar N. K. , Shirsath S. R. , Jain G. H.
Published: November 2017

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanopowder has been synthesized through a sol-gel-hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction studies of SrTiO3 nanopowder have shown that the as-prepared powder was single phase, crystalline, and has a cubic perovskite structure (ABO3) with a lattice constant a = 3.903 Å. The particle size calculated from FWHM was ∼22 nm. SrTiO3 nanopowder was examined using thermo gravimetric analysis; differential thermal analysis and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopic investigations have shown that the particle size of the as-prepared powder has a mean size of 34 nm. Then highly sensitive and selective sensors to H2S based on glass substrate were fabricated successfully by screen-printing technique. Sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and recovery time of the sensors were systematically investigated as a function of operating temperature, using H2S, CO, CO2, H2, Cl2, LPG, C2H5OH, O2, NH3 and NO2 as test gases. The sensitivity was found to lie below and around the ppm level for H2S gas at 150 °C.
Nanostructured Fe2O3 Thick Film as an Ethanol Sensor
Authors: Pawar N. K. , Kajale D. D. , Patil G. E. , Wagh V. G. , Gaikwad V. B. , Deore M. K. , Jain G. H.
Published: November 2017

Thick films of AR Grade nano Fe2O3 material with n-type semiconducting properties were prepared and tested for their gas sensing performances. Thick films of the materials were prepared by screen printing technique. The gas sensing performance was studied using static gas sensing system. The material was tested for various gases such as CO, CO2, NH3, Cl2, H2, LPG, ethanol and H2S. The nano Fe2O3 film showed maximum sensitivity to ethanol gas at 350 °C temperature at 250 ppm concentration with short response time and large recovery time. Physical and structural properties of the film material were studied by SEM, TEM, XRD and UV spectroscopy.
Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia Based Thick Film Resistor as a Ammonia Gas Sensor
Authors: Deshmukh S. B. , Bari R. H. , Patil G. E. , Kajale D. D. , Jain G. H. , Patil L. A.
Published: November 2017

Thick film technique is popular because of low cost, simple for construction and better sensing surface area, hence for resistive gas sensor thick films of pure ZrO2 powder were prepared by Standard screen printing technique. The material was characterized by X-Ray diffraction pattern, surface morphology was observed by SEM, elemental composition were observed by EDAX and optical properties were studied with UV spectroscopy Techniques, electrical properties were studying with different applied voltages and at different working temperature. X-Ray Diffraction studies confirmed that the combinations of tetragonal and monoclinic structure. The energy band gap and the thicknesses of the films were evaluated, the crystalline grain size was determined using Scherrer’s formula. The gas sensing performances of various gases were tested with working temperatures from 100° to 500°c. The sensitivity and selectivity to different gases was tested and the resistive thick films showed highest response to NH3 (100 ppm) at 300°c. It was observed that increase in gas concentration its sensing response goes on increasing but slowly increase being still constant for higher concentration. The sensitivity and selectivity may be further enhanced by doping other element and ZrO2 can be stabilize by mixing other oxides. The quick response and fast recovery time was recorded.
Some Classes of Modified Ratio Type Estimators in Sample Surveys
Authors: Swain A. K. P. C. , Das Manjula
Published: November 2017

In this paper some classes of modified ratio type estimators with additive and multiplicative adjustments made to the simple mean per unit estimator and classical ratio estimator are suggested to obtain more efficient ratio type estimators compared to the classical one. Their biases and mean square errors are obtained and compared with first order approximations.
Improved Separate Ratio and Product Exponential Type Estimators in the Case of Post-Stratification
Authors: Lone Hilal A. , Tailor Rajesh
Published: November 2017

This paper addressed the problem of estimation of finite population mean in the case of post-stratification. Improved separate ratio and product exponential type estimators in the case of post-stratification are suggested. The biases and mean squared errors of the suggested estimators are obtained up to the first degree of approximation. Theoretical and empirical studies have been done to demonstrate better efficiencies of the suggested estimators than other considered estimators.
Policy-Oriented Inference and the Analyst-Client Cooperation. An Example from Small-Area Statistics
Authors: Longford Nicholas T.
Published: November 2017

We show on an application to small-area statistics that efficient estimation is not always conducive to good policy decisions because the established inferential procedures have no capacity to incorporate the priorities and preferences of the policy makers and the related consequences of incorrect decisions. A method that addresses these deficiencies is described. We argue that elicitation of the perspectives of the client (sponsor) and their quantification are essential elements of the analysis because different estimators (decisions) are appropriate for different perspectives. An example of planning an intervention in a developing country’s districts with high rate of illiteracy is described. The example exposes the deficiencies of the general concept of efficiency and shows that the criterion for the quality of an estimator has to be formulated specifically for the problem at hand. In the problem, the established small-area estimators perform poorly because the minimum mean squared error is an inappropriate criterion.
Application of Box-Jenkins Method and Artificial Neural Network Procedure for Time Series Forecasting of Prices
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Mishra G. C.
Published: November 2017

Forecasting of prices of commodities, especially those of agricultural commodities, is very difficult because they are not only governed by demand and supply but also by so many other factors which are beyond control, such as weather vagaries, storage capacity, transportation, etc. In this paper time series models namely ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) methodology given by Box and Jenkins has been used for forecasting prices of Groundnut oil in Mumbai. This approach has been compared with ANN (Artificial Neural Network) methodology. The results showed that ANN performed better than the ARIMA models in forecasting the prices.
Robust Regression in Monthly Business Survey
Authors: Dehnel Grażyna
Published: November 2017

There are many sample surveys of populations that contain outliers (extreme values). This is especially true in business, agricultural, household and medicine surveys. Outliers can have a large distorting influence on classical statistical methods that are optimal under the assumption of normality or linearity. As a result, the presence of extreme observations may adversely affect estimation, especially when it is carried out at a low level of aggregation. To deal with this problem, several alternative techniques of estimation, less sensitive to outliers, have been proposed in the statistical literature. In this paper we attempt to apply and assess some robust regression methods (LTS, M-estimation, S-estimation, MM-estimation) in the business survey conducted within the framework of official statistics.
Ratio-to-Regression Estimator in Successive Sampling Using One Auxiliary Variable
Authors: Ralte Zoramthanga , Das Gitasree
Published: November 2017

The problem of estimation of finite population mean on the current occasion based on the samples selected over two occasions has been considered. In this paper, first a chain ratio-to-regression estimator was proposed to estimate the population mean on the current occasion in two-occasion successive (rotation) sampling using only the matched part and one auxiliary variable, which is available in both the occasions. The bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator is obtained. We proposed another estimator, which is a linear combination of the means of the matched and unmatched portion of the sample on the second occasion. The bias and mean square error of this combined estimator is also obtained. The optimum mean square error of this combined estimator was compared with (i) the optimum mean square error of the estimator proposed by Singh (2005) (ii) mean per unit estimator and (iii) combined estimator suggested by Cochran (1977) when no auxiliary information is used on any occasion. Comparisons are made both analytically as well as empirically by using real life data.
Using Symbolic Data in Gravity Model of Population Migration to Reduce Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP)
Authors: Wilk Justyna
Published: November 2017

Spatial analyses suffer from modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This occurs while operating on aggregated data determined for high-level territorial units, e.g. official statistics for countries. Generalization process deprives the data of variation. Carrying out research excluding territorial distribution of a phenomenon affects the analysis results and reduces their reliability. The paper proposes to use symbolic data analysis (SDA) to reduce MAUP. SDA proposes an alternative form of individual data aggregation and deals with multivariate analysis of inter-valvalued, multi-valued and histogram data.

The paper discusses the scale effect of MAUP which occurs in a gravity model of population migrations and shows how SDA can deal with this problem. Symbolic interval-valued data was used to determine the economic distance between regions which served as a separation function in the model. The proposed approach revealed that economic disparities in Poland are lower than official statistics show but they are still one of the most important factors of domestic migration flows.
Analysis of Convergence of European Regions with the Use of Composite Index
Authors: Górna Joanna , Górna Karolina
Published: November 2017

Convergence study is related to several crucial issues. One of those problems is an individual character of every region in the selected area, as the regions established accordingly to the European classification system NUTS-2 are not homogeneous. Therefore, while analysing convergence in the European Union, regions with extremely dissimilar characteristics (for example GDP per capita) are taken under consideration. Absolute β-convergence means that all of the investigated regions tend to the same level of economic growth. Thus, among the regions with highly differential amounts of the examined variables the convergence hypothesis can be rejected. Due to the heterogeneity in the conducted investigation a classification based on the composite index will be used so that the convergence clubs could be established. Several approaches to convergence will be used according to those regimes. Moreover, there will be an attempt to indicate the determinants that differentiate the selected regions, such as: expenditure on R&D, HRST, quantity of patents, employment, participation of people in tertiary education among all employees. This will allow the analysis of conditional β-convergence to be conducted. In the investigation some methods and models offered by the spatial statistics and econometrics will be used. There are empirical proofs that geographical location has a great impact on the processes of economic growth. Consequently, spatial dependencies will be analysed as well.