bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Omissions of Threat Trigger Subjective Relief and Reward Prediction Error-Like Signaling in the Human Reward System
Authors: Willems Anne L. , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Vervliet Bram
Published: October 2023

The unexpected absence of danger constitutes a pleasurable event that is critical for the learning of safety. Accumulating evidence points to similarities between the processing of absent threat and the well-established reward prediction error (PE). However, clear-cut evidence for this analogy in humans is scarce. In line with recent animal data, we showed that the unexpected omission of (painful) electrical stimulation triggers reward-like activations within key regions of the canonical reward pathway and that these activations correlate with the pleasantness of the reported relief. Furthermore, by parametrically violating participants’ probability and intensity related expectations of the upcoming stimulation, we showed for the first time in humans that omission-related activations in the VTA/SN were stronger following omissions of more probable and intense stimulations, like a positive reward PE signal. Together, our findings provide additional support for an overlap in the neural processing of absent danger and rewards in humans.
Is creatine a CNS neurotransmitter?
Authors: Mallik Bhagaban , Frank C Andrew
Published: October 2023

A range of experiments suggests that creatine, a molecule known for recycling ATP in muscle and brain tissue, may also function as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Long non‑coding RNA L13Rik promotes high glucose-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy and matrix protein expression by regulating miR-2861/CDKN1B axis
Authors: Sun Linlin , Ding Miao , Chen Fuhua , Zhu Dingyu , Xie Xinmiao
Published: October 2023

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes. Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy occurs at the initial phase of DN and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DN. Given the role of long non coding RNA (lncRNA) in regulating MC hypertrophy and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, our aim was to identify functional lncRNAs during MC hypertrophy.

Methods

Here, an lncRNA, C920021L13Rik (L13Rik for short), was identified to be up-regulated in DN progression. The expression of L13Rik in DN patients and diabetic mice was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the function of L13Rik in regulating HG-induced MC hypertrophy and ECM accumulation was assessed through flow cytometry and western blotting analysis.

Results

The L13Rik levels were significantly increased while the miR-2861 levels were decreased in the peripheral blood of DN patients, the renal tissues of diabetic mice, and HG-treated MCs. Functionally, both L13Rik depletion and miR-2861 overexpression effectively reduced HG-induced cell hypertrophy and ECM accumulation. Mechanistically, L13Rik functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-2861, resulting in the de-repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B), a gene known to regulate cell cycle and MC hypertrophy.

Conclusions

Collectively, the current results demonstrate that up-regulated L13Rik is correlated with DN and may be a hopeful therapeutic target for DN.
Radiological Assessment of Background Ionizing Radiation Exposure Rates from Solid Mineral Mining Sites in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mgbeokwere C. , Ononugbo C. P. , Gbarato O. L.
Published: October 2023

Human exposure to ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources is an unending and unpreventable phenomenon on earth. The negative health impact of human activities in the environment has been an issue of discussion in contemporary times. A study to assess the radiological background ionizing radiation exposure dose rates from solid mineral mining sites in Ikwo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State was carried out. An in-situ measurement of BIR exposure rate in mRh-1 for 50 locations was done using a well calibrated   Digilert -200 nuclear radiation meter (S.E international, INC.) at an elevation of 1.0 m above ground level with a geographical positioning system (GPS) for geographical location. The measured BIR exposure rates were utilized to assess the radiological health hazards and radiation effective doses to different body organs using well established radiological relations. To determine the radiological health status of the environment, the collected results were compared to recommended allowed limits.  The mean values of BIR exposure levels (0.02 mRh-1 ), absorbed dose rates (185.39 ηGyh-1 ) and excess lifetime cancer risk (1.00 ×10-3) are higher than their recommended safe limits of 0.013 mRh-1 , 84.0 ηGyh-1 , 0.29×10-3respectively as recommended by ICRP and UNSCEAR. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (0.20 mSvy-1 ) is within recommended permissible limits of 1.00 mSvy-1 for general public exposure. Also, the effective doses to different body organs are all below the recommended limits of 1.0 mSvy-1 . Generally, the study shows that Ikwo solid minerals mining areas are radiologically contaminated due to land excavation and mining activities taking place. However, the contamination has no immediate radiological health effects on the residents of the area, but there is the possibility of long-term health concerns in the future, such as cancer, due to accumulated doses.
The Impact of Mathematics Anxiety on the Mathematical Value of Secondary School Students in Nigeria
Authors: Atoyebi Oluwatoyin Motunrayo , Atoyebi Samuel Babajide , Ajao Adeola Folasade
Published: October 2023

Mathematics education transcends the mere acquisition of numerical proficiency; it encompasses a holistic growth encompassing essential values such as rationality, control, and critical thinking. This study examined the impact of mathematics anxiety on the mathematical value of secondary school students in Nigeria, focusing on senior secondary schools in the West of Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this quantitative study, two thousand nine hundred thirty-nine senior secondary school students were selected using convenience and purposive sampling techniques. The primary data was collected using a questionnaire that was administered through Google Forms. Simple linear regression was used to analyse the four variables (Critical Thinking in Mathematics, Rationality in Mathematics, Control in Mathematics, and Mathematics Anxiety) identified through factor analysis. This study found that mathematics anxiety significantly negatively impacts the rationality of decision-making among secondary school students in the southwest of Nigeria; there is a significant relationship between mathematics anxiety and the critical thinking abilities of secondary school students in the southwest of Nigeria. Mathematics anxiety significantly negatively influences the ability to control mathematical concepts among senior secondary schools in the West of Nigeria. This study concludes that mathematics anxiety significantly and negatively impacts the mathematical value of secondary school students in Nigeria. The findings have practical implications for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers, emphasising the need for a holistic approach to education that recognises the emotional well-being of students alongside their cognitive development.
Contribution of Local Government Loans to Youths on Income Increment: a Case Study of Mafinga Town Council, Iringa Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mpalala Anangile E.
Published: October 2023

This study assessed the contribution of local government loans to youths on income increment in Mafinga Town Council, Iringa Region. The study used cross-sectional survey design and the sample of population selected from four (04) wards. The study used mixed approach which involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study collected data using interviews and Focus Group Discussion for qualitative approach and questionnaires for quantitative approach. The study showed that the presence of Income Generating Activities (IGA) before the provision of loans to Youths by Local Government Authorities (LGA) was low because large number of youths 63 (44.1%) had no IGA and only a few youth 43 (30.1%) and 37 (25.9%) showed that they had IGA. However, after getting loans from LGA showed that most youths had income generating activities compared to before. Types of IGA before loan provision to youths was found to be farming 43(30.1%) and livestock keeping 37 (25.9%) After the provision of loans to youths by LGA, the types of IGA were motorcycle driving g (Bodaboda) 19 (13.3%), block making 8 (5.6%), hairdressing 31 (21.7%), livestock keeping 33 (23.1%), tailoring mart and embroidery 14 (9.8%), carpentry 18 (12.6%) and farming 20 (14.0%). Generally, the results showed that more IGA were realized after the youths received loans from LGA. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that LGA loans provided to youths aimed at income increment through small enterprise development and use of financial instruments and other support to youths’ employment or IGA. In line with the study results, it can be concluded that governments’ provision of loans to empower youths in the country has an advantage of improving economic youths’ status in income increment through the benefit obtained from IGA. It is recommended that youths in the country are to attain the pre-stated objectives of the loans provision toward youths’ income increment.
Problem-based Learning Based Biology Learning Model Development Using the Environment to Improve Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Biology High School Students
Authors: Nurmiati  , Arismunandar  , Rauf Bakhrani A.
Published: October 2023

This research aims to determine students' needs for a PBL-based biology learning model utilizing the environment for high school students This research uses the type of research and development research which refers to the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluations. Data collection was carried out using interview techniques, observation, questionnaires, documentation and assessment sheets for product feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness. The data obtained was then analyzed using descriptive narrative and inferential statistics. The results of the research show that there is a need to develop a biology learning model based on problem-based learning (PBL). Utilizing the environment to increase motivation and learning outcomes of high school students.
Endometriosis of the Appendix: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kumar H. R.  , Soma M.  , Saw M. O.
Published: October 2023

Endometriosis of the appendix is condition that is seen in young women, and it clinically presents with chronic lower abdominal pain. It is one of the sites of extra pelvic endometriosis and it is confirmed on histopathological evaluation of the appendix. The dilemma for the surgeon is if an appendectomy is to be performed or not. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has made visualization of the pelvis and appendix easier, and we have conducted this narrative review article to see if an appendectomy should be performed in all cases of endometriosis.
On Propositions Pertaining to the Riemann Hypothesis II
Authors: Basu Pathikrit
Published: October 2023

Aims/Objectives: In this paper, we define certain classes of non-zeroes of the Riemann zeta function. We also present associated algorithms for finding these non-zeroes, which can enable corresponding computations. Some theoretical connections are also drawn with mixed integer programming and continuous Diophantine approximation. We also study, for points in the domain of the Riemann zeta function, their induced distributions over the unit circle.
Estimation of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Leaves Production in Forests of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Pandey Rajiv , Das Rameshwar
Published: October 2023

Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. leaves used in manufacture of indigenous traditional cigarette, called as bidi, contributes to social economic livelihood of rural and tribal people in India generating a source of subsidiary occupation and supplementary income apart from providing significant revenue to state forest departments. However, a reliable, scientific and statistically sound estimate of its production is essential to obtain optimal revenue and livelihood opportunities in the sector. Thus, the present study was carried out to quantify production of D. melanoxylon leaves in the state of Jharkhand, India on a scientific basis. Collection of D. melanoxylon leaves being a time-bound seasonal activity, field survey and data collection was planned by dividing the state into in five administrative zones namely Palamu, Hazaribagh, Giridih, Singhbhum and Ranchi divided into 45 MFP ranges comprising of 295 lots and 686 collection units. The focus of sampling was estimation of number of plants in a fixed area i.e. plant density, number of pluck able leaves per plant, number of total pluckable leaves per plant, and plant growth geometry. A novel sampling strategy designed as Stratified Cluster Line Transect Quadrat Random Sampling comprising of essential elements of sampling strategy and vegetational survey methods with line transect of 100m x 10m and quadrate of 5m x 5m. In all, 52% collection units from all lots of entire MFP ranges were surveyed. Three permanent plots per MFP range were also maintained to evaluate the quantum of leaf harvesting throughout the collection season by collecting all pluckable leaves. The productivity of D. melanoxylon leaves was found around 11.50 lakh standard bags (52000 tonnes). However, realized yield in absence of pruning/pollarding and other silvicultural operation as well as the political disturbance severely hampering efficient working, may be less.
An Economic Analysis of Pearl Millet Crop in Rain-fed Micro Farming Situation in Zone IB of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Singh I. P.
Published: October 2023

The present study was conducted in Hanumangarh district of Zone IB of Rajasthan. This district have Rainfed micro-farming situation. Hence, Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan was selected. In this district two villages were selected from Nohar tehsil. A sample of 25 farmers from each village was selected. The study was aimed at examining compound growth rate, cost and returns, resource use efficiency and farm income inequalities. Primary data were collected on pre-structured schedules for agriculture year 2017-18. In the study found that CAGR of area, production, and productivity in period first was positive but in period second this found was negative except positive productivity in Rajasthan. Average cost per hectare of pearl millet was ₹ 13955.07 and gross income on was ₹ 33646.67. The Cobb Douglas production function, revealed that in pearl millet crop weeding intercultural operation were underutilized. Gini coefficient in farm household was 0.311 in Rain-fed micro farming situation.
Impact of Weather Factors on Major Insect Pest of Brinjal (Solanum melongena) at Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Pandey Swapnil Kumar , Mandloi Rishikesh , Singh Balveer , Kasi Indra Kumar
Published: October 2023

Finding of the investigation on “Impact of weather factors on major insect pest of brinjal (Solanum melongena) at Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh,India" was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Rabindranath Tagore University, Raisen, M.P. during the Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 have been presented below: A total of six insect pest species like A.gossypii, A. biguttula biguttula, B .tabaci, N. viridula , E. vigintioctopunctata Fabricius and L. orbonalis and were recorded from brinjal crop during study period 2020-21 and 2021-22.
Effectiveness and Activity of Essential Oils as Bio-insecticides against the Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in Different Pulses
Authors: Herald Persis , Tayde Anoorag R. , Kumar Ashwani
Published: October 2023

Callosobruchus chinensis L. is considered as the most destructive pest that attacks stored grains. The use of synthetic chemicals has many adverse effects on human health and results in environmental contamination. Essential oils can effectively combat this pest as a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides. The most frequently utilized techniques for evaluating insecticidal activity were the tests for contact toxicity, inhalation/fumigant toxicity, and repellency. As its primary mechanism of action, Acetyl cholinesterase, GABA receptors, and octopaminergic receptors are all impacted by essential oils, which also inhibit acetyl cholinesterase and play a part in GABA receptor regulation. The present review offers an overview on already published research and reports with regard to the utility of Essentials oils to combat the pulse beetle.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Urea on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.): A Review
Authors: Ninama Jigyasa , Rathore Rohit , Jadhav Vishvajeet Dattatray , Patil Rajvardhan Mahadev , Solanke Krushna Mohanrao , Singh Udai Pal , Choudhary Dilip
Published: October 2023

maize requires large amounts of nutrients for appropriate growth, production and yield, it is regarded as a crop that is nutrient-exhaustive. The nutrient requirements of the maize crop can be maintained with the use of effective nutrient management techniques. Nanotechnology is gradually making its way from the experimental to the useful realms, like the development of slow-release fertilizers, conditional release of pesticides and herbicides, on the basis of nanotechnology has become critically important for promoting the development of environment friendly and sustainable agriculture. Traditional fertilisation techniques may undergo a revolution thanks to the inherent features of nanoparticles, which enable improved nutrient absorption, precision distribution and greater bioavailability. The results, as evidenced by multiple studies, indicate significant improvements in growth parameters, seed production, and overall plant health.
Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Growth and Qualitative Characteristics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Pandit Devanshi , Choudhary Kartikeya , Bochalya Ranjeet Singh
Published: October 2023

The nutrient applied is not readily available to the plants due to soil salinity; a sufficient quantity is leached or fixed in the soil. Balanced application of fertilizer like nitrogen and phosphorus play vital role in enhancing the yield of sesame. Nitrogen is a structural component of chlorophyll and protein therefore adequate supply of nitrogen is beneficial for both carbohydrates and protein metabolism as it promotes cell division and cell enlargement, resulting in more leaf area and thus ensuring good seed and dry matter yield. The present investigation was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in safe range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium and high in available phosphorus.  The field experiment way laid out in factorial randomized block design comprising sixteen treatments with three replication. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and four level of phosphorus (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1). RT-127 variety of test crop was used for sowing. This study concluded that application of 60 kg N ha-1 along with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 was recorded significantly higher plant height, numbers of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and oil content. Economically, application of 60 kg N ha-1 along with 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in higher gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio.
Studies on Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality Characters of Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsan) cv. Gajendra
Authors: Gokul A. P. , Palanimuthu Arun , Shabitha P. B.
Published: October 2023

The investigation was carried out to study the intergrated nutrient management practices on yield and quality characters of Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsan) cv. Gajendra. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments with three replications and conducted at farmer’s field at Thirukkanur village, Villianur, Puducherry during the year 2020 with spacing 60 x 60 cm. Elephant foot yams corms were cut into 800 g for planting, after cutting corms were dipped in cow dung slurry and placed for drying. The treatments comprised of three levels of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF - 80:40:100 Kg NPK ha-1) viz., 75%, 100% and 150% along with organic inputs viz., FYM (20 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1) and (CBF 5 Kg ha-1), organic manures of different combinations were applied as basal; where as recommended dose of fertilizer were also applied combined with organic manures. The observations were recorded at 190 days after planting. The results recorded maximum values for yield parameters viz., Culm girth (14.60 cm), Corm circumference (46.86 cm), Single Corm weight (48.21 Kg)  plant-1, Yield plant-1 (2.42 Kg), Yield per plot (60.76 Kg),  Total yield (40.15t ha-1) whereas quality parameters such as Moisture content (79.64 %), Starch content (18.02 %), Crude protein(6.11 %), Calciumoxalate (12.18 mg g-1), Total sugar content (2.62 mg g-1) and β carotene (0.19µg g-1). From the experiment, it was concluded that the integrated nutrient management viz., combination of vermicompost with 100 per cent RDF along with consortium biofertilizer were identified as the best treatment to increase quality and yield.
GIS Based Spatial Variability of Available Micro Nutrients in Soil of District Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Jadon Priyanka , Mewada Rakesh , Gehlot Yashwant , Jamra Shweta
Published: October 2023

The investigation was conducted in 2020-21 at Indore, District Madhya Pradesh, to know the DTPA-extractable micronutrientsviz., Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and CaCO3. Surface soil samples were collected grid wise by using cadastral map of the study area and were analyzed for their fertility status. The DTPA-extractable micronutrients viz., Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu ranged from 0.24 to 1.61mg kg-1, 3.9 to19.95 mg kg-1, 1.25 to 9.85 mg kg-1, 0.18 to 2.58 mg kg-1 respectively and CaCO3from 1.25 to 12.5 %. Out of 190 samples, analyzed, 51% samples having less than 6.0%CaCO3 content, 49% samples were having between 6 to 18 %. CaCO3 content. About 42.1% samples of the district is deficient in Zn, and Deficiency of Fe, Mn and Cu is negligible. spatial variability Soil fertility maps of soil attributes could be used as a guide for site-specific nutrient management in similar soils.The available nitrogen was low, phosphorus content ranged from low to medium, and potassium content ranged from medium to high. Using the results of the field survey and laboratory study, the soil heterogeneity units were calculated using Arc-GIS 10.4.1.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Water by Using Bi-Mg Bimetallic Nanoparticles Incorporated with Orange Peels
Authors: Fatima Ishrat , Yasmeen Nida , Momina  , Irfan Muhammad , Ullah Inam , Afzal Rimsha , Noor Ayesha , Shaheen Aneela
Published: October 2023

Plant-mediated synthesis of the nanoparticles has attracted significant interest because of their biocompatible properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles comprise two different types of metals that play a significant role in wastewater. Bimetallic nanoparticles possess a greater surface area, increasing their adsorption than monometallic nanoparticles. In this study, synthesis and the adsorption behaviour of Bi-Mg bimetallic nanoparticles and their removal efficiency toward heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc) from wastewater is observed. Synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles by natural resources (plant extract) is more significant than conventional methods because they are environment friendly, reliable, nontoxic and least expensive. Plant extract obtained from biomass wastes like roots, flowers, leaves and fruit peels is composed of novel secondary metabolites like terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids that act as stabilizing and reducing agents. Different techniques like SEM, EDX and XRD were used to analyze the morphology, composition and size of synthesized nanoparticles. The removal of heavy metals depends on the pH, dosage of adsorbent and initial concentration of the metals. The results showed that the plant-mediated synthesized nanoparticles could act as an efficient adsorbent to remove heavy metals from wastewater.
A Cross-sectional Study to Assess Pandu Vyadhi (Anemia) with Special Reference to RBC Indices and Morphology: A Study Protocol
Authors: Thakare Seema H. , Patil Umesh
Published: October 2023

Background: Ayurveda is a science of life & its holistic approach towards Dietary habits, seasonal regimes, daily regimes, lifestyle practices helps to maintain health of an individual. Inadequate dietary intake or lack of balanced diet leads to malnutrition & has major role in manifestation of various diseases Pandu vyadhi is one among them. Considering the sign & symptoms the disease is correlated with Anemia. It is a major global public health problem & most prevalent nutritional deficiency disorder affecting one third of the world’s population. The disease is more prevalent in low-income countries. It affects the patient both physically & mentally. Among the different form of therapies used for treatment of anemia in modern medicine shows adverse effects ranging from mild to severe. So there is need to seek out the safe & effective Ayurvedic treatment for anaemia. Clinical symptoms & laboratory investigations both are necessary for accurate diagnosis of disease. But due to lack of proper investigative methods a case of anemia becomes difficult to diagnose for its different types as per Ayurveda.

Aim: To study & assess Pandu vyadhi with Special Reference to RBC indices and Morphology on peripheral smear.

Methods: This is descriptive cross sectional study which focuses on assessing Pandu vyadhi with Special Reference to RBC indices and Morphology on peripheral smear.

Conclusion: The present study generates reliable data of Pandu vyadhi in relation to various laboratory parameters which helps to plan specific treatment as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics for different types of Pandu vyadhi. The use of large sample size will also improve the precision of the study and increase the generalizability of the result.
UMA ANÁLISE SOCIOTERMINOLÓGICA DE SINAIS-TERMO EM UM DICIONÁRIO DE LIBRAS
Authors: Souza José Marcos Rosendo de , Mendes Wellington Vieira
Published: October 2023

A Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) adentrou as diferentes esferas científicas graças ao seu reconhecimento enquanto língua das Comunidades Surdas brasileiras, pela Lei 10.436 de abril de 2002. Com isso, o seu estatuto linguístico se fortaleceu e, hoje, ela se tornou objeto de estudo em diferentes áreas do conhecimento especializado. Então, é comum que os sinais-termo como parte de seu repertório terminológico estejam localizados em diferentes espaços técnico-científicos. Logo, é possível haver diferentes Unidades Terminológicas em Libras (UTL) para se referir a um mesmo objeto científico. Desse modo, nos propomos com esse estudo analisar, sob o viés da Socioterminologia, sinais-termo que apresentam variação terminológica registrados em um dicionário de Libras. O que contribui diretamente para o alargamento dos estudos da Socioterminologia aplicados à Língua Brasileira de Sinais, área pouco explorada na esfera científica. Nos respaldamos principalmente nos postulados sobre Socioterminologia propostos por Faulstich (2006). Os sinais-termo analisados apresentam variação do tipo fonológica e morfológica, pois ora são alterados os parâmetros formacionais, ora apresentam supressão de itens lexicais na sua forma. A variação terminológica decorre de fatores como diferença na sinalização dos sinais-termo, contexto de comunicação especializada e espaço geográfico.

Palavras-chave: Socioterminologia, Libras, registro terminológico.
AULAS REMOTAS EM CONTEXTO DE PANDEMIA: ANÁLISE DOS ATOS DE FALA NO GÊNERO CHARGE
Authors: Silva Natália Luczkiewicz da
Published: October 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os atos de fala, à luz da Pragmática, em charges sobre a temática educacional e as desigualdades sociais que permeiam a sociedade brasileira, durante o período da pandemia de Covid-19. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por quatro charges, produzidas por três autores, que foram disseminadas nas redes sociais, durante o ano de 2020. A metodologia adotada é bibliográfica e qualitativa e segue os pressupostos teóricos de Austin (1962), Marcuschi (2008), Levinson (2007), Moreira (2016), Figueira (2018), Pimentel e Mesquita (2018), e outros. A partir da análise, constatamos que o gênero charge apresenta elementos que direcionam compreensões para além da esfera linguística, relacionando fatores políticos, econômicos, históricos e culturais. Portanto, os atos de fala manifestam-se no corpus deste estudo por meio da interatividade discursiva inerente à charge, enquanto gênero que expressa um posicionamento crítico ante os fenômenos linguageiros que semiotizam o mundo.
CONTEXTOS SOCIOLINGUÍSTICOS DOS PALOP
Authors: Rubio Cássio
Published: October 2023

Objetiva-se, neste trabalho, apresentar a caracterização sociolinguística preliminar dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa, com o intuito de estabelecer um quadro comparativo, com foco principal no emprego das diferentes línguas, buscando revelar contextos peculiares, embora todos os cinco países possuam a língua portuguesa como idioma oficial. O corpus empregado é composto de entrevistas semiestruturadas de 50 informantes, divididos de forma equânime entre os países. O estudo tem como base os pressupostos teóricos da Sociolinguística Laboviana (LABOV, 1966, 2008). Os resultados revelam diferentes configurações linguísticas, com línguas em contato exercendo múltiplas funções em cada uma das comunidades. Esses e outros resultados revelam mosaicos linguísticos únicos nos territórios, permeados pela cultura e história desses povos.
AS LÍNGUAS EM OPERAÇÕES MILITARES E SEU PAPEL PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DA PAZ
Authors: Beckhauser Alex
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a importância das línguas para os contingentes militares em operações de paz e apresentar alguns casos que apontam para a relevância de uma discussão mais ampliada sobre o papel das línguas como forma de contribuir para a construção da paz em cenários marcados por conflitos. A metodologia é bibliográfica e fundamenta-se em Galtung (1967, 1966), Footitt e Kelly (2012) e Souza Jr (2015). Defendemos que as línguas desempenham um papel importante para o sucesso dessas operações, contribuindo, inclusive, para a promoção de sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas, além de garantir eventual acesso à justiça. A promoção e a garantia desses direitos estão ancoradas no 16º Objetivo do Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Nações Unidas, objetivo este que embasa o presente texto.
QUEIXAS, ACHAQUES E FASTIOS:
Authors: Pereira Norma Suely
Published: October 2023

No presente estudo, partindo-se da análise crítico-filológica de manuscritos datados entre os séculos XVII e XIX, busca-se observar aspectos da saúde pública no período colonial registrados em tais documentos, por meio do exame da terminologia utilizada. A seleção e análise de termos relativos à saúde presentes no corpus recolhido, por meio da elaboração de breve glossário temático, evidencia situações de doença enunciadas de formas subjetivas e pouco precisas, e que, em geral, acometem principalmente os mais fragilizados e desassistidos como os escravizados, os povos nativos e as mulheres, o que concorreu, ao longo da história, para a criação e manutenção de perfis de inferiorização e de desqualificação de indivíduos pertencentes a esses grupos, com manutenção de situações discriminatórias e de exclusão que se perpetuaram nas ações de saúde pública.
Industry Payments Received by Residents During Training
Authors: Hogan Sean O. , Yamazaki Kenji , Jing Yuezhou , Trock Bruce J. , Han Misop , Holmboe Eric
Published: October 2023

Importance

Those responsible for medical education—specialties, sponsoring institutions, and program directors (PD)—are independently associated with the professional identity formation of the trainees with respect to potential conflicts of interest.

Objective

To identify the relative degree to which factors in the training environment are associated with resident acceptance of payments from pharmaceutical and medical device companies.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional, retrospective study of residents enrolled in the 3 largest primary-care specialties (internal medicine [IM], family medicine [FM], obstetrics and gynecology [OBGYN]) and 3 largest surgical disciplines (general surgery [GS], orthopedic surgery, and urology) during academic year 2020 to 2021. All analyses were conducted January through August 2023.

Exposures

Specialty, sponsoring institutions’ ownership (nonprofit, for-profit, federal government, local government, or state government), and the number of payments PDs accepted.

Main outcomes and measures

Modified Poisson regression assessed the relative risk of ownership, specialty, and PD behavior on residents’ acceptance of industry payments as recorded in the Open Payments Program (OPP) database.

Results

In total, there were 124 715 residents in all training programs during 2020 to 2021, 12% of whom received payments totaling $6.4 million. There were 65 992 residents in training during 2020 to 2021 in the 6 specialties evaluated in this study, with 4438 in orthopedics, 1779 in urology, 9177 in GS, 5819 in OBGYN, 14 493 in FM, and 30 286 in IM. OPP records $3.9 million in payments to the 8750 residents (13.4%) who received at least 1 industry payment. The record of all payments to residents in OPP totals $6.4 million. Compared with residents in federal sponsoring institutions, those affiliated with for-profit institutions were 3.50 (95% CI, 2.32-5.28) times more likely to accept industry payments, while those affiliated with nonprofit organizations were 2.00 (95% CI, 1.36-2.93) times more likely to accept payments. Compared with IM, residents in each of the following specialties have an elevated risk of accepting payments: orthopedics, 3.21 (95% CI, 2.73-3.77) times; urology, 2.95 (95% CI, 2.44-3.56) times; GS, 1.21 (95% CI, 1.00-1.45) times; OBGYN, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05-1.62) times. The difference in the risk of accepting a payment between FM and IM residents was not statistically significant. The number of payments PDs accepted slightly elevated the risk of residents to accept a payment by 1.01 (95% CI, 1.01-1.01).

Conclusions and relevance

In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, receipt of industry payments by residents was associated with specialty, institutional control, and PD behavior.
AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents
Authors: Opel Douglas J. , Kious Brent M. , Cohen I. Glenn
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint discusses benefits and risks of using conversational artificial intelligence platforms to deliver psychotherapy to adolescents.
Desensitization to hate speech: Examination using heart rate measurement
Authors: Soral Wiktor , Świderska Aleksandra , Puchała Dominik , Bilewicz Michał
Published: October 2023

Exposure to hate speech (HS) leads to desensitization of listeners. Yet, most evidence of this process has been obtained using self‐report measures. In this paper, we examined desensitization to HS using an unobtrusive, psychophysiological measure. In an experimental electrocardiogram study (N = 56), we observed heart rate (HR) deceleration after reading comments that contained HS. This suggested a substantive psychophysiological reaction of participants to hateful comments. However, such HR deceleration was not observed among participants preexposed to HS. People exposed to hateful comments thus appeared to show different HR responses to HS compared to people who were not previously exposed to such comments. Consequently, not only does frequent exposure to HS influence an individual's beliefs as observed in earlier studies, but it also impacts psychophysiological reactions to derogatory language.
The Role of Aplnr Signaling in the Developmental Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Şişli Hatice Burcu , Şenkal Turhan Selinay , Bulut Ezgi , Şahin Fikrettin , Doğan Ayşegül
Published: October 2023

Stem cells are invaluable resources for personalized medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received great attention as therapeutic tools due to being a safe, ethical, and accessible option with immunomodulatory and controlled differentiation properties. Apelin receptor (Aplnr) signaling is reported to be involved in biological events, including gastrulation, mesoderm migration, proliferation of MSCs. However, the knowledge about the exact role and mechanism of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm and MSCs differentiation is still primitive. The current study aims to unveil the role of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm and MSC differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) through peptide/small molecule activation, overexpression, knock down or CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock out of the pathway components. Morphological changes, gene and protein expression analysis, including antibody array, LC/MS, mRNA/miRNA sequencing, reveal that Aplnr signaling promotes mesoderm commitment possibly via EGFR and TGF‐beta signaling pathways and enhances migration of cells during mesoderm differentiation. Moreover, Aplnr signaling positively regulates MSCs differentiation from hPSCs and increases MSC characteristics and differentiation capacity by regulating pathways, such as EGFR, TGFβ, Wnt, PDGF, and FGF. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic differentiations are significantly enhanced with Aplnr signaling activity. This study generates an important foundation to generate high potential MSCs from PSCs to be used in personalized cell therapy.
One‐Step Electrochemical Fabrication of 3D Gold Nanotrees with Enhanced Broadband Plasmonic Excited Carriers for Photoelectrochemical Reactions
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Lin , Xia Shengjie , Luo Zisheng , Su Bin , Lin Xingyu
Published: October 2023

Plasmonic nanostructures that generate hot carriers and induce catalytic chemical transformations are ideal candidates for solar energy utilization. However, the existing nanostructures require multistep synthesis procedures and generate fewer hot carriers due to their narrow resonance region and limited hotspots, restricting their usage in plasmonic catalysis. Inspired by the light‐harvesting behavior of the trees, the current work reports a one‐step fabrication strategy via electrodeposition for direct anisotropic growth of the 3D gold nanotrees with tunable size, branches, and height. The as‐synthesized nanostructures with broadband light absorption and plentiful hotspots can significantly foster hot carrier generation. The improved hot electron generation of 3D gold nanotrees is confirmed by in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy  for the dimerization reaction of 4‐nitrothiophenol. The energetic hot holes generated by the 3D gold nanotrees facilitate water oxidation and exhibit 18.6 times higher catalytic efficiency than Au film under 625 nm. Meanwhile, the photoelectrochemical catalysis of 3D gold nanotrees shows better performance compared with conventional Au nanospheres. This work opens up a promising avenue for fundamental studies of plasmonic catalysis via a wide variety of 3D gold nanotrees.
Recent Advances in Liquid Metals for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Ponnuru Hanisha , Marriam Ifra , Rambukwella Imesha , Zheng Jun‐Chao , Yan Cheng
Published: October 2023

Liquid metals (LMs) with their unique properties are considered for a range of applications such as energy storage, catalysis, electronics, and biomedical engineering. Recently, the introduction of LMs into rechargeable batteries has not only proven to improve overall performance but also overcome commonly known challenges like low energy density, material degradation, interface failure, and poor system integrity. Specifically, room‐temperature LMs such as gallium (Ga), Ga‐based alloys (GBAs), and metallic mercury (Hg) are promising candidates in rechargeable batteries due to their low viscosity, high electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent deformability, superior electrochemical properties, and self‐healing capability. Herein, a review of recent advances in LMs for rechargeable batteries, starting with a brief introduction to LMs fundamentals and their properties is presented. Then, an extensive literature review is carried out to summarize the LMs’ advances in addressing existing challenges of lithium‐ion, lithium‐metal, lithium–sulfur, and other rechargeable batteries. The current state of the art and future perspective are also put forward. It is believed that highlighting potential developments pertaining to LMs can fascinate researchers in exploring them for future rechargeable batteries.
State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Marques‐Almeida Teresa , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Ribeiro Clarisse
Published: October 2023

The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating, and costly challenges. Strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well‐being. Many research efforts are dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell–materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides not only a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.
A Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Bio‐Macromolecule Film for Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Cai Xinxin , Wang Xiaoxu , Bie Zhe , Jiao Zhaoyang , Li Yiran , Yan Wei , Fan Hong Jin , Song Weixing
Published: October 2023

Side reactions on zinc metal (Zn) anodes are formidable issues that cause limited battery life of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a facile and controllable layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly technique is deployed to construct an ion‐conductive and mechanically robust electrolyte/anode interface for stabilizing the Zn anode. The LbL film consists of two natural and biodegradable bio‐macromolecules, chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA). It is shown that such an LbL film tailors the solvation sheath of Zn ions and facilitates the oriented deposition of Zn. Symmetric cells with the four double layers of CS/SA ((CS/SA)4–Zn) exhibit stable cycles for over 6500 h. The (CS/SA)4–Zn||H2V3O8 coin cell maintains a specific capacity of 125.5 mAh g−1 after 14 000 cycles. The pouch cell with an electrode area of 5 × 7 cm2 also presents a capacity retention of 83% for over 500 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. No obvious dendrites are observed after long cycles in both symmetric and full cells. Given the cost‐effective material and fabrication, and environmental friendliness of the LbL films, this Zn protection strategy may boost the industrial application of AZIBs.
Interaction of Blood and Bacteria with Slippery Hydrophilic Surfaces
Authors: Kantam Prem , Manivasagam Vignesh K. , Jammu Tarun Kumar , Sabino Roberta Maia , Vallabhuneni Sravanthi , Kim Young Jae , Kota Arun K. , Popat Ketul C.
Published: October 2023

Slippery surfaces (i.e., surfaces that display high liquid droplet mobility) are receiving significant attention due to their biofluidic applications. Non‐textured, all‐solid, slippery hydrophilic (SLIC) surfaces are an emerging class of rare and counter‐intuitive surfaces. In this work, the interactions of blood and bacteria with SLIC surfaces are investigated. The SLIC surfaces demonstrate significantly lower platelet and leukocyte adhesion (≈97.2% decrease in surface coverage), and correspondingly low platelet activation, as well as significantly lower bacterial adhesion (≈99.7% decrease in surface coverage of live Escherichia Coli and ≈99.6% decrease in surface coverage of live Staphylococcus Aureus) and proliferation compared to untreated silicon substrates, indicating their potential for practical biomedical applications. The study envisions that the SLIC surfaces will pave the path to improved biomedical devices with favorable blood and bacteria interactions.
The Effect of the Relative Size of the Exciton Reservoir on Polariton Photophysics
Authors: Bhuyan Rahul , Lednev Maksim , Feist Johannes , Börjesson Karl
Published: October 2023

Strong interactions between excitons and photons lead to the formation of exciton‐polaritons, which possess different properties compared to their constituents. Polaritons are created by incorporating a dye in an optical cavity where the electromagnetic field is tightly confined. The interest in the subject has exploded in recent years due to the ability to change (photo)chemistry, but still as simple a variable as the yield of emission varies between studies. For the field to progress, linking observables to system parameters is a dire need. Here, the study pairs emission yield to the size of the so‐called exciton reservoir, which dictates polariton relaxation dynamics. To do this, a method is devised to experimentally control the relative size of the exciton reservoir and link it to the yield of emission. Thus, the results enable comparison of the photophysics of previous studies within the field and provide the tools to study the effect of the exciton reservoir on polariton photochemistry.
Decoding the Mechanistic Strategies of Lanthanide‐based Luminescent Metal‐Organic Frameworks towards Antibiotic Detection
Authors: Yazhini Crescentia , Mathew Georgeena , Anpo Masakazu , Maurin Guillaume , Choi Wonyong , Neppolian Bernaurdshaw
Published: October 2023

Antibiotics have successfully been developed and used widely in clinical therapeutics for many years to treat bacterial infections, resulting in their unregulated discharge into waterbodies, which adversely affects the flora and fauna. This triggers alarming health issues that ascertain the need to develop suitable sensors for the detection and removal of persitent antibiotic pollutants. Several reports have been made on lanthanide‐based luminescent metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as one of the best‐known chemosensors that render efficient and selective detection of antibiotics owing to their intrinsic luminescent response. Herein, the recent advancements in lanthanide‐based MOFs for recognizing antibiotics are reviewed with a detailed discussion on the mechanistic routes of detection. Also, the possible transitions between the energy levels of lanthanides and the unique photophysical attributes of lanthanide‐organic hybrids are critically assessed. Further, the performance of the reported chemosensors based on their detection range, the limit of detection, stability, reproducibility, and practical feasibility are extensively explored. These unique aspects of this review provide a solid prospect for designing innovative and ingenious fluorescent probes.