bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycobiota of the Library’s Books in Russia
Authors: Popikhina E. A. , Trepova E. S. , Velikova T. D. , Khazova S. S.
Published: April 2024

Numerous studies of microorganisms isolated from the surface of cultural heritage objects, including library documents, are regularly carried out in different countries. Although the micromycetes composition in each case varies, some species are constantly isolated. The structure of micromycetes communities inhabiting library documents was studied in 57 cities of Russia located in seven federal districts (Northwestern, Central, Southern, Volga, Ural, Siberian, Far Eastern). Micromycetes of 95 species from 32 genera were isolated and identified. The mycobiota of the library documents represented by Ascomycota occupies more than 90% of the species richness, Mucoromycota – 3–9%, Basidiomycota – 3–4%. The Aspergillaceae family was the leading one: it accounted for 48.5–67.3% of the total species richness. In all regions, species diversity is moderate: the Shannon index ranged from 2.7 to 3.3. The Mcintosh species richness index is sufficiently high everywhere (48.2–126.2), except the Ural (15.3). The McIntosh dominance indices (0.759–0.843) and Pielow (0.80–0.91) indicate a high level of species evenness in the mycobiota. The obtained values demonstrate the stability the documents’ mycobiota in libraries from different regions. Significant species similarity between the districts was revealed by calculation of binary coefficients: the Jaccard coefficient was from 0.44 to 0.60; the Sørensen’s qualitative measure of similarity was from 0.63 to 0.75; the quantitative similarity measure of Sørensen was from 0.44 to 0.71, and Morisita–Horn was from 0.66 to 1.0. Groups of dominant species in different regions are quite similar. The study of the ecological diversity of librarian books mycobiota demonstrates moderate diversity and sufficient stability of the community. A high degree of similarity of taxonomic structures was established regardless of the climatic conditions of the regions. Cosmopolitans characterized by high frequency of occurrence formed the major core of the library’s book mycobiota: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Mucor plumbeus and Penicillium aurantiogriseum.
Aphyllophoroid Fungi of the State Nature Reserve “Pizhemskiy” and the Natural Monument “Urochishche Vasin Bor” (Kirov Region, Russia)
Authors: Stavishenko I. V. , Luginina E. A. , Obotnin S. I.
Published: April 2024

New data on aphyllophoroid and some heterobasidiomycetous fungi in central part of the nature reserve “Pizhemskiy” and the natural monument “Urochishche Vasin Bor”, located in the southwestern part of the Kirov Region at the south taiga subzone, is presented. A total of 212 species and two intraspecific taxons of basidial macromycetes were found on both protected territories, of which 40 species are indicated for the first time for the Kirov Region. The checklist contains information about frequency of finds, habitats and substrate association for each species. 25 species found in the study area are rare both in the European part of Russia and in the countries of Northern Europe. New locations have been discovered for four species (Diplomitoporus crustulinus, Flavidoporia mellita, Hericium coralloides, Rigidoporus crocatus), included in the Red data Book of the Kirov Region. 14 species are presented as indicators of old-growth forest. By now, 175 species of basidiomycete fungi have been recorded at the territory of the reserve “Pizhemskiy”, and 143 species – on the territory of the natural monument “Urochishche Vasin Bor”. The presented data confirm the great importance of these protected areas for maintaining and preserving of the regional diversity of mycobiota.
New Species for Regional Mycobiotas of Russia. 8. Report 2023
Authors: Volobuev S. V. , Bolshakov S. Yu. , Kalinina L. B. , Kapitonov V. I. , Rebriev Yu. A. , Khimich Yu. R. , Vlasenko V. A. , Ezhov O. N. , Vlasenko A. V. , Enushchenko I. V. , Shakhova N. V. , Zmitrovich I. V.
Published: April 2024

A total of 83 fungal species including one ascomycete (Helvella macropus) and 82 basidiomycete species have been recorded for the first time from 18 administrative regions of Russia: Republic of Buryatia (2), Republic of Dagestan (7), Republic of Mordovia (30), Republic of Tyva (6), Primorsky Krai (1), Zabaykalsky Krai (3), Arkhangelsk Oblast (5), Irkutsk Oblast (4), Kaluga Oblast (1), Leningrad Oblast (1), Murmansk Oblast (7), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (1), Novgorod Oblast (3), Novosibirsk Oblast (2), Pskov Oblast (1), Tyumen Oblast (10), Saint Petersburg Federal City (1), and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1 species). An annotated species list containing the data on locality, substrate, habitat type, date of collection, and voucher numbers is provided. Pluteus vellingae is reported as the first record in Russia. Aurantiporus priscus, Bolbitius sibiricus, and Mycopan scabripes are recorded in Russia for the second time. Hypsizygus marmoreus is reported for the third time. New data on little-collected fungal species such as Botryobasidium botryoideum, Fibrodontia gossypina, Lycoperdon rupicola, Neohypochnicium cremicolor, Postia luteocaesia, Psathyrella gordonii, and Xylodon pruinosus, is presented. Complete sequences of ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 nuclear ribosomal DNA for 16 species reported have been generated and submitted to the GenBank database.
PHYLOGENY OF TRICHIA BRUNNEA AND NEW NAMES IN THE GENUS ARCYRIA (TRICHIALES, MYXOMYCETES)
Authors: Vlasenko A. V. , Novozhilov Yu. K. , Bondar A. A. , Vlasenko V. A.
Published: April 2024

Recent phylogenetic studies indicate taxonomic uncertainty of some species in the genera Arcyria (Arcyriaceae) and Trichia (Trichiaceae). For example, a phylogenetic position of Trichia brunnea still is not resolved. We revised a taxonomic position of this species based on extensively sampled 18S nrDNA sequences, as well as a morphological analysis of sporocarps and spores. The nomenclatural history of T. brunnea is briefly presented and acomprehensive morphological description of the species is provided. In result, we support the transfer of T.brunnea to Arcyria. Because of the name Arcyria brunnea exists already, we propose a new name, A. brunneo-iridescens (= Trichia brunnea).
Nuclear Spin-Isospin Response within the Fayans Functional
Authors: Borzov I. N. , Tolokonnikov S. V.
Published: April 2024

An effective approximation to a fully self-consistent global description of the total force function of b decay within the framework of the theory of finite Fermi systems is presented, based on the calculation of ground states within the framework of the modified energy density functional of Fayans et al. (DF3-f) and the continuum quasiparticle random phase approximation (CQRPA). The isovector parameter ℎ2− of the volume part of the functional has been refined, the permissible range of which was determined earlier by us from restrictions on the parameters of the equation of state for nuclear matter—the symmetry energy and its derivative at equilibrium density, obtained from a joint analysis of the value of the ‘‘neutron skin’’ ΔRnp of the nuclei 208Pb and 48Ca, found in the PREX-II and CREX experiments, results of ab initio calculations of the properties of the ground states of nuclei with the interaction of N3LO and systematics of data on the masses of neutron stars from astrophysical observations. New calculations of the Gamow–Teller strength functions for the reference doubly magic nuclei 208Pb and 132Sn, as well as for the nucleus 130Sn with developed neutron pairing have been carried out. In the proposed model, the global DF3-a + CQRPA calculations of beta-decay half-lives of heavy (quasi)spherical nuclei with Z = 81–83 and T1/2 240 s are conducted. Experimental lifetimes are described with accuracy up to factor 5.
Erratum to: Approximation of Differential Cross Sections for Elastic Proton-Nucleus Scattering
Authors: Galyuzov A. A. , Kosov M. V.
Published: April 2024

No
Nuclear Mass Model Based on Bayesian Estimate of Local Difference Experssions of Binding Energies
Authors: Stopani K. A. , Vladimirova E. V. , Negrebetskiy V. V. , Simonov M. V. , Tretyakova T. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The Bayesian estimates of the value of the residual neutron–proton interaction energy Δnp using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method and Tikhonov regularization. These estimates are used for calculation of the nuclear mass table for A 20. The accuracy of the obtained predictions is evaluated by comparison with experimental data from AME2020 and other theoretical nuclear mass models.
Deuteron Beam Vector Polarization Measurement Using Proton–Proton
Quasielastic Scattering at the Energies of 500 and 650 MeV/nucleon
Authors: Volkov I. S. , Ladygin V. P. , Skhomenko Ya. T. , Gurchin Yu. V. , Isupov A. Yu. , Janek M. , Karachuk Yu. T. , Khrenov A. N. , Kurilkin P. K. , Livanov A. N. , Piyadin S. M. , Reznikov S. G. , Terekhin A. A. , Tishevsky A. V. , Averyanov A. V. , Chernykh E. V. , Enache D. , Krivenkov D. O. , Vnukov I. E.
Published: April 2024

The deuteron beam vector polarization is obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using quasielastic proton–proton scattering on the polyethylene target. The selection of useful events is performed using the time and amplitude information from scintillation counters. The asymmetry on the hydrogen is obtained by the subtraction of the carbon background. The values of vector polarization are obtained at the beam energies of 500 and 650 MeV/nucleon. The obtained values are compared with the data obtained in the deuteron–proton elastic scattering at the beam energy of 135 MeV/nucleon.
Latest Results on the Search of Dark Photons with a Multicathode Counter
Authors: Kopylov A. V. , Orekhov I. V. , Petukhov V. V.
Published: April 2024

The method of measurements is described that has been performed using a multicathode counter with an iron cathode. The aim of experiment was to search for diurnal variations of the countrate of single electrons emitted from the surface of the cathode by the conversion of dark photons on its surface. The results obtained during 160 days of measurements are presented.
Adsorption Activity of Chromium(VI) Ions on a Carbon Surface
Authors: Dudarev V. I. , Zhitov A. V. , Petukhova G. A.
Published: April 2024

A survey–analytical investigation of the adsorption activity of chromium(VI) on the surface of various carbon adsorbents was carried out. The results of physicochemical investigations and their analysis, as well as the data of computer simulations based on quantum-chemical calculations by the standard software packages Gaussian-98 and Firefly 8.0.1, were considered in the study. The features of the possible mechanism of adsorption processes involving chrome(VI) ions and carbon surface were presented.
Comparison of System Constants of Thermostable Polysiloxane Stationary Liquid Phases of Different Origins
Authors: Sidelnikov V. N. , Shashkov M. V.
Published: April 2024

The expansion of possible areas of use of modern gas chromatography is largely determined by the thermal stability of stationary liquid phases (SLP), which allows the separation of complex mixtures of high-boiling compounds. A way to increase the thermal stability of nonpolar and weakly polar polysiloxane SLPs is to introduce rigid fragments into the polysiloxane chain. Currently, there is an extensive set of columns with thermostable SLPs, which, in some cases, have the index “ms”. However, in most cases, the nature of these phases and the methods for preparing the columns are not disclosed. In this work, using the linear free energy relationship (LFER) model, we compared the selectivity of a number of proprietary columns with in-house columns in which the siloxane–silarylene phase and the column preparation methods themselves are known. Various types of intermolecular interactions are considered within the framework of the LFER model.
Synthesis and Properties of Nanosized Germanium Particles Obtained in Acetone under the Influence of Laser Radiation
Authors: Revina A. A. , Savelyev V. V. , Krivenko T. V. , Kabanova V. A. , Vysotsky V. V. , Pozin S. I.
Published: April 2024

Stable nanosized germanium particles were synthesized in a liquid medium (acetone) by laser irradiation of single-crystal germanium plates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Various experimental methods—optical spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering—made it possible to detect stable nanosized Ge particles in acetone and record optical absorption and luminescence spectra depending on the time of laser irradiation in the presence and absence of oxygen. Particular attention is paid to the results of the effect of laser irradiation on the physicochemical properties of pure acetone.
Self-Assembly of Alkanethiols on an Oxide-Free Surface of a Copper Electrode from Alkaline Solutions under Electrochemical Control
Authors: Ovchinnikova S. N. , Alexandrova T. P.
Published: April 2024

Using voltammetry and chronoamperometry, the formation process and properties of insulating nanofilms of alkanethiols with different chain lengths (butane-, octane-, dodecanethiol) obtained on an oxide-free copper surface were studied. The electrochemical method for modifying the copper surface includes the removal of the oxide layer by its cathodic reduction, the adsorption of a thiol under electrochemical control, followed by studying the properties of the resulting nanofilm by voltammetry in one solution. It is shown that, with this approach, a dense thiol film is formed, with its blocking properties depending on the adsorption potential, the time of contact of the electrode with the thiol-containing solution, the thiol concentration, and the presence of dissolved oxygen in the solution. The introduction of ethanol into an aqueous alkali solution leads to a significant acceleration of the process of self-assembly of dodecanethiol, but greatly inhibits the process of self-assembly of butanethiol. The approach proposed in this work makes it possible to use aerated low-concentration thiol-containing solutions to obtain alkanethiol films on the Cu surface with good blocking properties.
Electrochemical Behavior of Steel Coated with Organosilicon Self-Organizing Layers
Authors: Petrunin M. A. , Maksaeva L. B. , Yurasova T. A. , Rybkina A. A. , Kotenev V. A. , Tsivadze A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Methods have been developed for preliminary modification of the surface of structural metals with compositions based on organosilanes, including both solutions of individual organosilanes and two-component mixtures consisting of two organosilanes or an organosilane with an organic corrosion inhibitor. As a result of this modification, self-organized siloxane polymer/oligomer nanosized layers are formed on the metal surface. Such layers are capable of changing the physical and chemical properties of the metal surface, in particular its electrochemical behavior. In this work, the influence of organosilicon surface layers on the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel, especially on the anodic local dissolution of the metal, is studied in detail. Inhibition of metal dissolution by surface layers has been shown. It has been established that the greatest inhibitory effect is exhibited by two-component modifying compositions, namely, mixtures of vinylsilane with aminosilane and vinylsilane with benzotriazole. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition by surface nanolayers formed during surface modification with two-component mixtures is considered.
Eight-Week Aerobic Training Activates Extracellular Matrix Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Lednev E. M. , Lysenko E. A. , Zgoda V. G. , Gazizova G. R. , Shagimardanova E. I. , Makhnovskii P. A. , Vinogradova O. L. , Dubrov V. E. , Popov D. V.
Published: April 2024

We aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of moderate endurance training without considerable mechanical stress on the activation of extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Mechanical stress activates ECM biogenesis in the skeletal muscles, therefore only aerobic exercise on a cycling ergometer with concentric muscle contractions was used in the study. Skeletal muscle samples from m. vastus lateralis were taken from seven young untrained males before and after 8 weeks of aerobic training. Changes in the transcriptome (RNA sequencing) and proteome (shotgun quantitative proteomics analysis) were assessed in the samples; ECM-associated proteins (or matrisome) were determined using the Matrisome DB database. After training period, a change (mainly an increase) in the content of 14 ECM proteins and 134 mRNAs of ECM proteins was found. The largest increase in protein content was found for collagens 1 and 3 (1.7 and 2.2 times, respectively) – the main proteins of the human skeletal muscle’s ECM, which was consistent with an increase in the corresponding mRNA by 10–20 times. In addition, an increase in the expression of more than a hundred mRNAs of collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymatic regulators of ECM was found, which occurs simultaneously with of an increase in the expression of genes of growth factors (IGF1, PDGFs, TGFB1, MDK, etc.) playing an important role in ECM biogenesis regulation. In conclusion, 8-week aerobic exercise training without considerable mechanical stress is a powerful stimulus for the activation of ECM biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
Mechanics of the Left Ventricle in Children Born Prematurely
Authors: Pavlyukova E. N. , Kolosova M. V. , Neklyudova G. V. , Karpov R. S.
Published: April 2024

An increase in the birth rate of premature and low birth weight children at the current level of medical development requires the development of fundamental ideas about the physiology of the cardiovascular system in a history of preterm birth from the point of view of pre- and postnatal ontogenesis. Practicing neonatologists, pediatricians, therapists, cardiologists, reproductologists, etc. it is necessary to improve the traditional ideas about the mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in this category of patients. Because it is established that this clinical subgroup is characterized by increased risks of early onset of pathology of the heart and blood vessels, as well as a high mortality rate in adulthood. Pathological changes of the cardiovascular system in conditions of prematurity can occur at various levels of integration of the body (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, functional systems, organismal). The use of modern non-invasive technology “spot trace” makes it possible to study the features of segmental deformation and the variety of forms of LV torsion mechanics during postnatal growth and development in prematurely born children. Optimization of research and diagnostic processes in the field of mechanics of the infant heart in the prenatal and postnatal periods from the point of view of progressive data on anatomy, histology, clinical biochemistry allows us to study the nature of various contractile-rotational models, as well as reasonably assume the contribution of the fibrous skeleton of the infant heart to the formation of “childhood types” of left ventricular twisting. The search and development of informative criteria for the early diagnosis of latent subclinical heart dysfunction in childhood, taking into account the possibilities of non-invasive ultrasound technology “spot trace” (analysis of types of rotational movement, determination of areas of reduced longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle), based on the current provisions of evidence-based medicine, have become quite possible in modern conditions and are demonstrated by the authors in this review. The information offered to the readers will allow to expand the understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the infant heart with a history of premature birth, bearing in mind the fact that prematurity is considered a chronic condition.
Features of the Influence of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Regulatory and Metabolic Parameters of Lymphocytes in Healthy Children and Children with Special Health Abilities
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Ovcharenko E. S. , Kasparov E. V. , Fefelova V. V.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to study the content of biogenic monoamines (catecholamins and serotonin) and metabolic parameters (activities of succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase) of lymphocytes in normal children and in children with special health abilities, depending on the type of autonomic regulation. The survey involved 168 children of primary school age, of these, 114 relatively healthy children and 54 children with intellectual disabilities (mild (F70) and moderate (F71) degree of mental retardation). The groups were comparable in terms of gender and age. In both studied groups, an increase in the parameters of succinate dehydrogenase and catecholamines from vagotonic to hypersympathicotonic types of the initial vegetative tone was recorded. Also, in the group of children with special health abilities, a decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase was found as the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system increased. In general, in healthy children, against the background of the prevailing eutonic type of autonomic regulation, the optimal regulatory and metabolic parameters of the cell are fixed, which determines sufficient adaptive responses in this group. In the group of children with disabilities, the dominant activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system manifests itself at the cellular level as hypercatecholaminemia, reduced levels of serotonin and acid phosphatase activity.
On the Variability of a Simple Sensorimotor Reaction
Authors: Kulakov A. A.
Published: April 2024

To date, a wide variety of distributions of the simple sensorimotor reaction (SSR) has been studied. In this work, we also studied the distributions of this phenomenon, taking into account the fact that SSR has a constant and a variable part. The distribution of the constant component of the SSR had a normal character, while the distribution of the variable components had a more complex form. Analysis of the distribution of SSR in one subject for 36 minutes showed that both the constant and variable parts of SSR had a multi-peak distribution and a long “tail” in the range of large values. The study of the behavior of the SSR parameters over a relatively long period of time, along with an increase in the constant part of the SSR, revealed periodic and abrupt changes in both the constant component and the variable components. It is assumed that such differences are associated with a change in the structure of the transmission of excitation from sensors to the motor cortex over time.
Neurophysiological Parameters in Patients after Coronary Bypass Grafing Depending on the Success of Rehabilitation Using the Dual Task Method
Authors: Kupriyanova D. S. , Tarasova I. V. , Trubnikova O. A. , Sosnina A. S. , Kukhareva I. N. , Syrova I. D. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: April 2024

The impact of cognitive rehabilitation using the method of dual tasks on the neurophysiological parameters of patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass was analyzed. The study included 96 male CABG patients. All the patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological and electroencephalographic study before and after CABG. At 2–3 days after surgery, POCD was diagnosed all patients, and they were randomly divided into two groups: with training (n = 54) and without training (n = 42). Starting from 3–4 days of the postoperative period, a daily course of cognitive training was carried out using a dual task (simultaneous performance of the cognitive and physical components). The POCD diagnosis was repeated at the end of the training course (8–11 days). It was found that patients who successfully completed the training (with no POCD at 8–11 days) demonstrated a decrease of the theta-1 power, while in all patients with POCD these indicators increased compared to preoperative data. The topographic features of theta1 rhythm changes were found in the left parietal areas of the cortex, which may indicate impaired perfusion in these regions of the brain.
EEG Functional Connectivity in Motor Task: Experience of Application of Graph Analysis
Authors: Vigasina K. D. , Sharova E. V. , Bordiug V. A. , Masherov E. L. , Boldyreva G. N. , Smirnov A. S. , Gotovtsev P. M.
Published: April 2024

The goal of this work is the application of graph analysis for the research of brain network organization during motor task (clenching/unclenching the fingers of the right hand). In this approach the brain is considered as a single network (graph), where the nodes are individual leads, and the edges are coherence indicators. The approach allows to study the processes of segregation (network division into clusters) and integration (network unification) as well as to identify the most highly active nodes in the networks through which the greatest volumes of information transfers. The work revealed that the movement of the right hand is associated with global and local neural network rearrangements – increase of global network efficiency of whole brain and left hemisphere separately and the formation of local clusters for processing information in areas, connected with hand movement and also in some non-specific for the hand movement areas, probably connected with executive functions.
Relationship between Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate, Testosterone, Thyroid Hormones, Insulin and Cortisol in Indigenous Men and Women among Representatives of the Indigenous and Newcomer Population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Authors: Polyakov L. M. , Rozumenko A. A. , Russkikh G. S. , Poteryaeva O. N.
Published: April 2024

Using Spearman’s rank correlation we studied the correlations between the serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) concenttration and the concentration of testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, insulin and cortisol in the indigenous and alien populationof the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A positive correlation was found between the DHEA-S concenttration and testosterone in indigenous women and newcomers. A stronger correlation was found in the group of newcomer women. In indigenous men, DHEA-S was positively correlated with cortisol. The newcomer men showed a positive correlation between DHEA-S and thyroid-stimulating hormone. No correlations were found between the concenttration of DHEA-S with insulin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in any of the examined groups.
The Development of Various Speech Components and Their Relations with the State of the Brain Executive Functions in Senior Preschool Age
Authors: Zakharova M. N. , Agris A. R.
Published: April 2024

The brain executive functions (EF) are crucial for various aspects of childrens’ development, as they stipulate control of cognitive processes and behavior. Speech development is one of the most important goals of preschool age and a defining predictor of successful school education. Both classical and contemporary studies stress relations between the given functions. In order to achieve an in-depth comprehension of the relations we have deepened a comparative neuropsychological research by means of complemented speech functions assessment (phonological process, verbal memory, motor program sequencing, grammatical and lexical speech design, planning of utterance) and conducted it targeting children aged 5–6 (n = 61, average age – 5.67 ± 0.33 y.) and 6–7 (n = 117, average age – 6.67 ± 0.29 y.). The research has revealed age-specific differences of the given age groups (verbal memory (р ≤ 0.002), comprehension of logical grammatical constructions (р 0.001), lexical (р = 0.031) and grammatical (р = 0.008) speech design, planning of utterance (р 0.001)). A coherency of speech and the state of EF development increases from 5–6 to 6–7 years old and is evident in various aspects of coherent speech (planning of utterance and its grammatical and, to a lesser degree, lexical speech design), verbal memory and verbal logical thinking; in phonological processing, motor program sequencing and comprehension of logical grammatical constructions, however, it is less evident as it is related to particular indexes, but still exists. The following research findings can be used to further voluntary regulated speech development and correction programs targeting senior preschoolers, as well as to develop voluntary regulation and control incorporating various speech components.
The Involvement of Broca’s Area and Its Right-Hemispheric Homologue in Acquiring Abstract and Concrete Semantics: Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Study
Authors: Gnedykh D. S. , Blagovechtchenski E. D. , Kostromina S. N. , Mkrtychian N. A. , Shtyrov Y. Y.
Published: April 2024

The study compared effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of Broca’s area and of its right-hemispheric homologue on the acquisition of novel concrete and abstract words. Word/concept acquisition was achieved through reading sets of sentences, which incorporated novel words, gradually revealing their meaning through context. Before the learning session, a 15-minute anodal or cathodal stimulation of one of the target areas was applied. Lexical decision task was used to assess the learning outcomes immediately after the learning session and 24 hours later. The results showed a larger number of correct responses after right-hemispheric tDCS, in comparison with that of Broca’s area in the left hemisphere. These results suggest that the right-hemispheric counterpart of Broca’s areas is involved in the processing and acquisition of new concrete and abstract semantics. Furthermore, they demonstrate facilitatory effects of tDCS on the processes of overnight consolidation of newly formed word memory traces.
Repeatability of Body Fat and Fat-Free Mass Measurements by Bioimpedance and Ultrasound Scanning Analysis in the Group of Young Adults
Authors: Bondareva E. A. , Parfenteva O. I. , Vasileva A. A. , Kulemin N. A. , Popova E. V. , Gadzhiakhmedova A. N. , Kovaleva O. N. , Khromov-Borisov N. N.
Published: April 2024

Repeatability of the body fat and fat-free mass measurements obtained by two indirect methods (bioimpedance – BIA and ultrasound scanning analysis – US) was performed in the group of young adults. To evaluate repeatability, the repeated body composition measurements by the bioimpedance analyzer ABC-02 “Medas” and the ultrasound scanner BodyMetrixTM were done in the group of adult males and females. The performed study indicates accuracy of the estimates in the individuals and in the group at all as well as high repeatability of measurements obtained by BIA and US. Positive significant correlation between the body composition measurements obtained by the bioimpedance analyzer ABC-02 “Medas” and the ultrasound scanner BodyMetrixTM as well as between repeated measurements was found. The study indicates high repeatability of body fat and fat-free mass measurements obtained by the bioimpedance analyzer ABC-02 “Medas” and the ultrasound scanner BodyMetrixTM in the group of young adult males and females. Particularly, the highest repeatability was for the fat-free mass measurements.
Influence of Factors of 21-Day Head-Down Bed Rest on the Level of Myocardial Extensibility Biomarker ST2 in the Blood
Authors: Pastushkova L. Kh. , Goncharova A. G. , Kashirina D. N. , Goncharov I. N. , Larina I. M.
Published: April 2024

Head-down bed rest (HDBR) is one of the best known models of the effects of weightlessness. The responses of the cardiovascular system to thoracocranial blood redistribution continue to be studied in relation to changes in the volumes of the heart chambers and the structure of the heart muscle. The assessment of myocardial stretch, individual response of the heart muscle to HDBR and stratification of the risk of developing heart failure according to the dynamics of a cardiomarker, independent of the influence of such factors as gender, age, body weight, glomerular filtration rate, anemia and hypovolemia, is relevant. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of factors of 21-day HDBR on the level of the ST2 myocardial stretch biomarker. The effect of 21-day HDBR on the level of ST2 cardiomyocyte stretch marker was studied for the first time. The level of ST2 significantly decreased by the end of HDBR. The data obtained are of practical importance in relation to the problems of medical selection of cosmonauts and test volunteers. Background levels, variability of indicators during HDBR and the recovery period indicate the absence of risks for the development of heart failure and cardiofibrosis in this sample of subjects in this study.
Non-Paretic Arm Motor Deficit and Recovery as a Function of Damage Lateralization after Stroke: Biomechanical Study
Authors: Biryukova E. V. , Kondur A. A. , Kotov S. V. , Turbina L. G. , Bobrov P. D.
Published: April 2024

The aim was to study the dependence of post stroke motor impairments of the paretic and the intact arm of lesion lateralization and paresis severity. The influence of lateralization of the lesion and the severity of paresis on the recovery of motor functions after rehabilitation using a hand exoskeleton controlled by a brain-computer interface was also studied. The study included 24 patients, 12 with left hemisphere involvement and 12 with right hemisphere involvement. Each group included 6 patients with moderate paresis and 6 patients with severe paresis. As motor tests, isolated movements in the joints of the paretic and intact hands were used before and after the rehabilitation course. Joint torque and motion isolation degree were used to assess motor function. It is shown that the muscle moments of the intact arm are greater in the case of damage to the left hemisphere; the asymmetry of the moments in the joints in this case was more pronounced than in the case of damage to the right hemisphere. This may be due to a greater imbalance in the activity of the hemispheres. The effectiveness of rehabilitation was manifested in: 1) an increase in moments in the joints in both paretic and intact hands; 2) an increase in the symmetry of the biomechanical parameters of the paretic and intact hands, which may indicate the restoration of the balance of the activity of the hemispheres. Biomechanical analysis of isolated movements allows suggests the pronation-supination in the vertical position of the arm as a sensitive indicator of motor function recovery after stroke.
Comparative Determination of Immuno-Biochemical Indicators in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Myagkova M. A. , Petrochenko S. N. , Bobrova Z. V.
Published: April 2024

The development of new diagnostic methods for the prediction, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases is an urgent task. The purpose of this study was to compare specific immunological and clinical-biochemical markers in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In accordance with the established diagnosis, three groups of participants were examined – a total of 139 people, including the control group. The first group was patients with hypertension, the second group – with a diagnosis of hypertension and coronary heart disease. In these patients, biochemical parameters of blood and antibodies to β-endorphin, bradykinin, histamine, dopamine, and serotonin, traditionally used in diagnostic practice, were compared. Deviations of 38–65% in the content of antibodies to dopamine and serotonin were found for patients of the first and second groups compared with the control. A correlation of immunological parameters with biochemical and hematological parameters was found. A direct relationship was found for the level of antibodies to dopamine and AST activity (r = 0.4, p 0.05), to histamine and ESR concentration (r = 0.6, p 0.05). Thus, the practical significance of the combined use of tests for assessing the violation of the immunological and biochemical homeostasis of the body of patients with heart disease has been established. Monitoring of additional immunological indicators to assess the development of the disease increases the degree of prognosis of the severity of the pathology.
The Role of Midbrain in Perception of Tone Sequences and Speech: an Analysis of Individual Studies
Authors: Oknina L. B. , Kantserova A. O. , Pitshelauri D. I. , Podlepich V. V. , Portnova G. V. , Ziber I. A. , Vologdina J. O. , Slezkin A. A. , Lange A. M. , Masherow E. L. , Strelnikova E. V.
Published: April 2024

Human speech is a complex combination of sounds, auditory events. To date, there is no consensus on how speech perception occurs. Does the brain react to each sound in the flow of speech separately, or are discrete units distinguished in the sound series, analyzed by the brain as one sound event. The pilot study analyzed the responses of the human midbrain to simple tones, combinations of simple tones (“complex” sounds), and lexical stimuli. The work is a description of individual cases obtained in the frame of intraoperative monitoring during surgical treatment of tumors of deep midline tumors of the brain or brain stem. The study included local-field potentials from the midbrain in 6 patients (2 women, 4 men). The S- and E-complexes that emerge at the beginning and end of the sound, as well as the S-complexes that emerge when the structure of the sound changes, were identified. The obtained data suggest that the selected complexes are markers of the primary coding of audio information and are generated by the structures of the neural network that provides speech perception and analysis.
The Concept of Allostasis and Autonomic Regulation in Space Flight
Authors: Rusanov V. B. , Larina I. M. , Nosovsky A. M.
Published: April 2024

The review presents literature sources confirming the key aspects of the theory of allostasis and its relationship with the theory of homeostasis, as well as some neurophysiological aspects of allostatic systems, include autonomic regulation, which determine the relationship between the brain and the cardiovascular system. One of the aspects of allostatic regulation is heart rate variability, which reflects the state of the body’s plastic constants and their changes under space flight conditions.
The Functional State of Emotion-Motivational Brain Regulatory Systems and Risk-Taking Propensity in Adolescents
Authors: Lomakin D. I.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to identify relationships between the functional state of the different brain regulatory systems (BRS), voluntary control and emotional-motivational regulation in adolescents (n = 95, age ~13.96 ± 1.13, girls 34%). We also analyzed the relationship between individual characteristics of emotional-motivational regulation and risk-taking tendencies in separated groups with specific EEG signs of suboptimal functional state of the BRS. Five tests were performed: 1) assessment of individual traits of achievement motivation vs. failure avoidance using the Mehrabian Questionnaire (TMD), 2) emotional intelligence (EI) using the MSCEIT 2.0, 3) assessment of propensity to risky decision-making by monetary computer game Baloon Analog Risk Task. On the basis of a qualitative analysis of the EEG, 4) the participants were classified into groups showing evidence of suboptimal functioning of the frontothalamic (FTS), limbic (LMB), frontobasal (FBZ) and to control group in the case of absence of specific signes. All groups, except control, showed a decrease in the EI scale, which associate sensations with emotions. A specific decrease in EI indicators was found in experimental groups in comparison with the control group: FTS – on the scale of understanding blended emotions; LMB — on the scale of facilitation of cognitive activity by emotions; FBZ group — on a scale reflecting the ability to manage one’s own emotions. The indicators of the Mehrabian questionnaire showed propensity towards achievement motivation in the LMB. Correlations between EI, achievement motivation and risk-taking: in FTS, LMB a positive correlation of the risk-taking with the scale associate sensations with emotions. For LMB there is also a positive correlation between risk-taking, understanding and management of emotions. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of the suboptimal state of brain regulatory systems on the emotional and motivational regulation in adolescents.
Influence of Gravitational Unloading on the Dynamics of Blood Redistribution During Orthostasis: The Study by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhedyaev R. Yu. , Tarasova O. S. , Puchkova A. A. , Shpakov A. V. , Vinogradova O. L. , Borovik A. S.
Published: April 2024

The effects of long-term anti-orthostatic hypokinesia (bed rest – BR, a model of gravitational unloading) on the dynamics of orthostasis-induced changes in the content of total (THb), deoxygenated (HHb), and oxygenated (OHb) hemoglobin in the calf at the level of the gastrocnemius muscle medial head were studied using the near-infrared spectroscopy. In seven young men, 2−4 days before and on the 19th day of BR, a passive head-up tilt test was performed (15 min in the supine position, then 15 min at 65°). After BR, there was an increase in heart rate and a decrease in stroke volume in the supine position, as well as more pronounced changes in these parameters during orthostasis. Blood pressure in the supine position and orthostasis did not change after BR. THb content increased gradually during orthostasis and reached a plateau by the end of the test; after BR, an increase in the half-rise time and a two-fold increase in the plateau level were observed. Tissue HHb content by the end of the tilt test also increased after BR. The dynamics of OHb before BR was more complicated: this indicator grew, reached a maximum during a minute, and then gradually decreased to half of the maximum by the end of the test. After BR, the dynamics of OHb changed drastically: the signal increased gradually and reached a level that was twice the peak value of OHb content before BR. The results allow us to conclude that exposure to BR weakens the compensatory constriction of calf vessels during tilt test; consequently, it is followed by higher blood filling of calf vascular bed, which, in turn, leads to smaller SV during orthostasis.
Neurophysiological Characteristics of “Transferring” the Metaphorical Meaning of Images Into Original Titles
Authors: Nagornova Zh. V. , Galkin V. A. , Shemyakina N. V.
Published: April 2024

In the ERP study we aimed to find differences between creating titles for artistic images distinguishing by their meaning and stylistics. Thirty six adolescents (16 m; 20 f. Mean age: 15.9 ± 1.1 years) took part in two studies. Images from three categories – “cartoons”, “plot sketches”, “paintings” – full of metaphors and symbols were used as the stimuli. We considered creating titles for “cartoons” and “plot sketches” of modern artists as convergent creative task based on guessing of artists thought, at the same time the task – creating the titles for “paintings” was considered by us as more open and divergent creative task. During creating titles ERP’s amplitude for the “plot sketches” vs “cartoons” was higher in parietal-occipital and frontal, central, parietal areas on intervals 116–208 and 492–656 ms respectively. During creating titles for the paintings in the author’s style vs realistic paintings differences in ERP’s amplitude were found in occipital areas (152–264 ms), frontal and occipital areas bilateral (208–440 ms) and in frontal, temporal, central, parietal areas with maximum in the left hemisphere (544–600 ms). Late positive wave with different latency, was found in two studies – “plot sketches” vs “cartoons”(492–656 ms) and – “author’s style” vs realistic images (544–600 ms) and suggested to be connected with the extraction and analysis of the metaphorical meaning and symbols in the images for creating of the verbal interpretation (title). Only in performing a convergent creative task (closely related to the interpretation of the artist’s idea), finding the answer was accompanied by a smaller amplitude of late differences in the interval of 1300–1650 ms (more than 1500 ms before the moment when the answer was marked as have been found), while there were no significant differences between finding and not finding the answer in the second study. With the same task and in the conditions of finding/not finding the answer, we assumed that in the first study a process of comparing one’s own ideas with a certain desired (laid down by the author) meaning, that was expressed more strongly than in the second study, was needed.
Encephalopathy of Prematurity: Invisible Cause of the Cognitive and Behavioural Disorders
Authors: Palchik А. B.
Published: April 2024

The article explores a relatively new concept in pediatrics, neonatology and neurology – encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP). The development of understanding of the term “encephalopathy” itself is considered. It is shown that the state occurs in premature babies predominantly in the middle of pregnancy, and may be caused by neuroinflammation, impaired oligodendrocytes maturation, hypomyelination, cerebral cortex volume reduction. EoP represents a sofisticated brain damage in a preterm baby involving gray matter, especially interneurons (axonal-neuronal disease), non-cystic leukomalacia (microglia activation) with nonspecific manifestation in neonatal period, and cognitive and behavioral disorders in early childhood. Possible mechanisms of early intervention, EoP targeted therapy, and its consequences in later childhood are discussed.
Investigation of the Scintillating Grid Illusion in Patients with Amblyopia
Authors: Rychkova S. I. , Sandimirov R. I.
Published: April 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the manifestations of the scintillating grid illusion in patients with amblyopia. 133 schoolchildren with bilateral refractive amblyopia and 146 control group schoolchildren without ophthalmopathology were observed. In the work, we used our own test images developed on the basis of classical images that cause of the scintillating grid illusion. It is shown that the phenomenon of the illusory disappearance is more pronounced, and the strength of the scintillating grid illusion is significantly lower in children with amblyopia compared with children without ophthalmopathology. When the test images are rotated by 45°, an increase in the phenomenon of the illusory disappearance of disappearance is observed both in children with amblyopia and in children of the control group. The severity of the scintillating grid illusion in children with amblyopia is significantly lower than in children without ophthalmopathology.
Conceptual Aspects of Vestibular Neuromodulation
Authors: Naryshkin A. G. , Galanin I. V. , Gorelik A. L. , Seliverstov R. Yu. , Skoromets T. A.
Published: April 2024

The review highlights the development of the vestibular system in phylo- and ontogenesis, also its influence on the forming and mature brain. Based on recent studies, neuronal networks formed under the influence of the vestibular apparatus (VA) have been described. The basic function of the VA is gravitational sensitivity, which is detected by the otolithic apparatus of the vestibule. Because of this peculiarity of the vestibular apparatus, according to the authors, the main property of the vestibular apparatus is its dominant participation in multimodal synthetic processes. Different methods of vestibular neuromodulation (VNM) and its possibilities in the treatment of various brain diseases are considered. The authors believe that the “point of application” of VNM is its effect on the macular vestibular apparatus, which explains its effectiveness in various diseases of the brain.