bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COLORECTAL CANCER AND ITS RISK FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Aithal Rashmi R , Shetty Ranjitha S , S Binu V , Mallya Sneha Deepak , Shenoy K Rajgopal , Nair Suma
Published: April 2017

Objective: To determine the association between certain socio-demographic and life style factors with colorectal cancer.Methods: This case-control study was conducted using a pre-designed questionnaire among 100 incident colorectal cancer patients and 200 unmatched controls attending a tertiary care hospital in southern Karnataka. Cases and the controls were interviewed and details regarding their socio-demographic factors were collected. Information on lifestyle factors such as dietary habits, physical activity levels and substance use were documented. They were also assessed for presence of existing co-morbidities and family history of colorectal and other cancers. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between various risk factors and colorectal cancer.Results: In the present hospital based study, mean age of the participants was less than 55 years. Sixty three percent of the cases and 54.5% of the controls were males. On multivariable analysis age ≥50years (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.02-3.45), low physical activity (OR=5.66; 95%CI=3.10-10.34) and low frequency of fruits consumption (OR=4.10; 95%CI=2.21-7.50) and hypertension (OR= 4.65; 95% CI=1.32-16.44) showed a positive association with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Promoting healthy dietary practices and physical activity among the middle aged population appears to be significant in the context of colorectal cancer prevention in the Indian subcontinent.Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Case–control, Risk factors, Lifestyle, Comorbidities.
A CASE REPORT ON WILSON'S DISEASE INDUCED LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Reghu Remya , Vincent Bini , James Aloysius , Tv Syamaprasad , Reji Reshma
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWilsons disease is an inherited autosomal genetic abnormality genetic abnormality which results in impairment in cellular copper transport. Overtime this may leads to liver cirrhosis. The main focus of this case is to shows the importance of taking medical history. Here we discuss a case of 35 year old male diagnosed with Wilsons disease induced Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. He was physically very weak. Since the same genetic abnormality was the reason for the death of his sibling which was not considered while taking the medical history of this patient, this led to a late diagnosis of 4 years while the patient's condition became worst. Here in we report a case that provides an insight to medical professionals about taking proper medical history of patients.Key Words : Wilsons Disease, Liver Cirrhosis, Copper Deposit
INHIBITION OF CARSINOGENESIS BY SEED AND SOYBEAN MEAL EXTRACT IN COLON OF MICE: APOPTOSIS AND DYSPLASIA
Authors: Arsianti Ade Arsianti , Amalia Anindini Winda , Suid Kusmardi , Elya Berna
Published: April 2017

Objective: Colon cancer is a major public health problem. Soybean has demonstrated chemopreventive and anti-cancer. Here, we have investigated the effect of a standardized seed and soybean meal extract with content of  lunasin, here named  GE and SE. They are botanical drug substance in experimental models of colon cancer in vivo.Methods:The effect of  GE and SEwere examined onthe preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci), polyps and tumours induced by the carcinogenic agentazoxymethane (AOM) (10 mg/kg) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) 2%  as well as in a xenograft model of colon cancer in mice.Results:.GE and SE increased apoptosis (p = 0,001). GE (150 mg/kg) has the highest impact level of apoptosis (p = 0,009). GE and  SE decreased dysplasia (p = 0,024). GE (200 mg/kg) has the highest impact level of dysplasia (p = 0,002) and SE (200 mg/kg) has the second impact level of dysplasia (p = 0,003).Conclusions: GE and SE inhibition of colon carsinogenesis with incrase level of apoptosis and decrease level of dysplasiaKeyword: soybean, lunasin, colon cancer, azoxymethane, dextran sodium sulfate, apoptosis, dysplasia
PREDOMINANCE AND INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY ON GLYCEMIC AND LIPID INDICES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES SUBJECTS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Rao Yalla Durga , A Manjrekar P , Adhikari Prabha , S Arun , M Chakrapani , S Rukmini M
Published: April 2017

Objective To investigate the existence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among type 2 diabetes, non-diabetes subjects and its effect on both glycemic and lipid profiles.MethodsA case control study was conducted on 200 subjects of both gender (100 type 2 diabetes and 100 non-diabetes individuals) aged 40 to 60 years. Fasting serum 25(OH) D levels, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), HbA1C, lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein TC/HDL and very low density lipoprotein were estimated. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated. Group comparisons were done by one way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test and Student’s independent T test. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. Correlation was done by Pearson’s analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results The average serum 25(OH) D levels were significantly (p<0.001) low in diabetes group. The prevalence of VDD and the percentage of insufficient and sufficient categories was significantly (p<0.001) high and low respectively in diabetes group. In the deficient category diabetes group had severe VDD with significantly low HDL and elevated triglycerides and there was an insignificant but negative association between serum vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL, TC / HDL and AIP among diabetes subjects.ConclusionThe occurrence of severe vitamin D deficiency coupled with the independent association of the same with the glycemic and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes may further add to the aggravation of complications Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Type 2 diabetes, Glycemic and lipid indices
MICROPROPOGATION AND ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF TISSUE CULTURE GROWN PLANTAGO OVATA FORSK.
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Kumari Amita , Mahant Eshita
Published: April 2017

Objectives : Plantago ovata is an important medicinal plant of Himalayan region greatly used in herbal dugs manufacturing. The plant is multipurpose and strictly present in the Himalaya. Plantago has many medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hematopoiesis effects and protects the liver and is used for the treatment of cancer. The plant being medicinal possesses complex phytochemicals. The investigation of various Plantago organ (leaves, stem etc) revealed their high potential to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. In present study the a new method of micropropagation through tissue culture  was developed for Plantago so as to meet the future demand of plant. Futher a morphological and physiochemical comparison of tissue culture grown plant was done with in vivo grown plants.Methods:  Plantago ovata was grown in -vitro through tissue culture technique using MS media and in-vivo in the nursery area of Shoolini University. In vitro culture of  Plantago ovata forsk. were managed to restrict the ecological factors and to control the culture conditions. Experimental culture parameter including germination and phytochemical constituents of Plantago ovata in vivo and in vitro conditions were observed.Results: The result revealed changes in the concentration of phytochemical constituent’s in tissue culture grown Plantago. Phytochemicals constituents (carbohydrate, tannin, chlorophyll, saponin) was reduced in tissue culture grown plant where as some phytochemicals (phenol, alkaloid, flavanoid, protein, phytosterol) increased in tissue culture grown plant than in vivo plant.  A reduction in morphological trait was found in tissue cultured plant.Conclusion: The developed tissue culture method for the micropropagation of  Plantago ovata can be used as milestone to meet the industrial need in near future.Keywords: Plantago, Tissue Culture Technique, germination, phytochemicals.
EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA Linn USING HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Authors: Cn Sarvesh , Fernandes Jennifer
Published: April 2017

Objective: Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. Achyranthes aspera Linn. belongingto family Amaranthaceae, commonly found in India. The plant is used as antiarthritic, purgative, diuretic, antimalarial, etc.Methods: The antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves of A. aspera was evaluated using triton-induced hyperlipidemiamodel in albino Wistar rats. The acute toxicity study confirmed that both the extracts were found to be safe at 5000 mg/kg b.w. in female albinoWistar rats. In this model, eight groups (six animals per group) of animals were used. Group I and II were considered as saline and hyperlipidemiccontrols, respectively, and other groups received their respective agents (alcoholic or aqueous extract/atorvastatin/ayurvedic preparation) and all thegroups received triton WR1339 (200 mg/kg b.w. i.v.) except saline control group. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs) level are estimated for theevaluation of antihyperlipidemic effects of extracts.Results: The ethanolic extract has shown a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and TGs level indicating antihyperlipidemic potentials in theplant while aqueous extract has not shown any beneficial effect.Conclusion: In this triton-induced hyperlipidemia model, serum and TG levels were analyzed ethanolic extract was shown antihyperlipidemic activity.Further clinical studies are compulsory to confirm the findings.Keywords: Achyranthes aspera, High-density lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, Triton, Antihyperlipidemic.
Knowledge and attitude of Iraqi pharmacists in Baghdad community toward ‎adverse drug reactions monitoring
Authors: Mohammed Samer Imad , Abdul Al-razaq Amna Fouad
Published: April 2017

Objectives:Adverse drug reactions (ADR‎s) can lead to many complications associated with the use of medications .In Iraq where a wide range of medications misused widely due to different reasons, the Iraqi pharmacovigilance program started out few years ago to collect information about adverse drugs reactions and since the success of this program depends on the effective participation of all medical staffs including pharmacists in this program. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and degree of awareness of Iraqi pharmacists in Baghdad community toward adverse drugs reactions monitoring and pharmacovigilance program.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey based on individual questionnairethat administered in the English language to a convenience sample of 150 pharmacists working in 3 colleges of pharmacy, 20 community pharmacies and 3 hospitals situated in different areas of Baghdad which are the capital of Iraq. The questionnaire consists of three parts that collect demographic data on the ‎participants and their knowledge, attitudes toward Pharmacovigilance‎. Results: Although about (62%) of pharmacists have observed ADRs in their practice‎ only half of the respondents have heard about the term pharmacovigilance, 48% were aware of the national PV program ‎‎.Moreover , (‎47.33%‎) of the respondents mentioned that ADRs associated with herbal ‎products should not be reported. Although ‎79% of the respondents thought that reporting ADRs is a pharmacist’s duty nevertheless 82% of them  ‎thought that ADRs reporting in Iraq is not widely promoted by the relevant authority .The study showed a high tendency for participation in an adverse drug reaction  monitoring program. Interestingly,‎ 60% of respondents report that their workplace ‎doesn’t encourage them for reporting ADRs, while 48% of respondents indicated that they don’t ‎have enough time for reporting ADRs and 38% of them declared their fearing of facing ‎legal problem from that .  ‎Conclusion: Iraqi pharmacists although have a high tendency in participation in ADR monitoring  program but have  a poor knowledge about pharmacovigilance practices; they lack ‎understanding of the details about the national PV system and ADRs ‎reporting process and may need more information on how ADRs ‎reporting are performed. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitudes, Adverse drug reactions, Pharmacovigilance.
CLINICOMICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY ACINETOBACTER SPECIES
Authors: Bhat Sevitha , Shridhar Sridevi
Published: April 2017

To study the rate of isolation of Acinetobacter species, its antibiogram and associated risk factors.Materials and Methods:Retrospective time bound study for a period of 6 months. The study included 191 consecutive clinical significant isolates of Acinetobacter species isolated from various specimens. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer and Vitek Compact system 2.Results and Discussion:Maximum isolation of Acinetobacter species was from Suction Tip (31.94%), sputum (19.89%), urine (14.66%), blood (10.47%) and others. The species was most sensitive to Colistin (97.87%) and Polymixin B (99.43%). The species was most resistant to Imipenem (72.62%) and Gentamicin (66.66%). The common risk factors were invasive procedure, duration of ICU stay and malignancies.Conclusion:Acinetobacter has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotic resistance is on rise. Proper antibiotic stewardship is required. This study will help in better infection control strategies and improve antibiotic resistance pattern in this region.Key words :Acinetobacter spp., Antibiotic resistance
Optimization of process parameters for production of antimicrobial metabolites by an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. CPR5 isolated from Calotropis procera root.
Authors: Verma Shiv Kumar , Lal Moti , Debnath Mira
Published: April 2017

Objective:To study the antimicrobial activity of crud ethylacetate  extract from endophytic fungus in Calotropis procera root.Methods:Endophytic fungus was screened for production of antimicrobial metablites.fermentation was carried out in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Disc diffusion method was used to test antimicrobial activity of crude extract using chloramphenicol sulphate and Flucnazole as positive controleRessults: A total of fourteen Endophytic fungi were isolated (CPR1- CPR14). Among these fourteen isolates, CPR5 was found to show maximum antimicrobial activity, in compare to other isolates, against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Candida albicans, Phoma exigua, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia scleratiourum. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of crude extract against test microorganisms was determined. Fungus was identified as aspergillus sp. Prduction parameters (Temprature, pH, Carbon source, Nitrgen surce, Sdium Chlride concentration) were optimized.Conclusion:  Crud  extract produced by the isolated endophytic fungus could be an important source of broad spectrum antimicrobial metabolites. Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Antimicrobial metabolites, Process optimization, Calotropis procera, Inhibition zone.
Polymorphic behavior of an organic compound
Authors: G Nithya , R Sudha , Kanakam Charles C
Published: April 2017

Objective: Polymorphic crystals were exhibited in many organic compounds. The frequency changes, relative intensities, band contours, and numberof bands were observed in the spectra of different polymorphism which may be due to molecule-molecule interactions in the crystal unit cells. Theshape of a molecule at its site in the unit cell is distorted by molecular interactions.Methods: The identification of a pure crystal form and to quantify a mixture of two forms infrared and Raman spectra of different crystalline formsof the same organic compound can be used. 2’-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzil (1) was synthesized and its two polymorphic forms were obtainedby recrystallization from the solvents acetone/chloroform and ethanol. The polymorphism present in the compound was confirmed by single crystalX-ray crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry.Results: The polymorph 1.1 crystallizes as triclinic P-1 space group in the solvent acetone – chloroform and the polymorph 1.2 crystallizes asmonoclinic P21/c space group in the solvent ethanol.Discussion: The intermolecular lattice energy and the interplay of molecular conformation in the crystallization and stability of polymorphs areidentified by X-ray crystal structures of conformational polymorphs.Keywords: Conformational polymorphism, Organic compounds, Single crystal growth, X-ray diffraction.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN,GHRELIN, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, WHR AND BMI TO PLASMA GLUCOSE AND HbA1C AND ITS CLINICAL USEFULNESS IN T2DM PATIENTS WITH OBESITY
Authors: Selvanayagam Swaminathan , M Gandhi , R Arivazhagan , R Sangeetha
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To evaluate new diabetic control monitoring parameters insulin, ghrelin, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity and to compare them with the existing diabetic control markers plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and to recommended these additional tests to assess complications associated with kidney, liver, cardiac, and pancreas.Methods: A total of 100 T2DM patients with obesity who attended the sugar clinic attached to Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Vanagaram and who were on standard treatment and 50 age and sex matched controls attending the routine master health check in the same hospital were enrolled for the study. Fully automated analyzers and reagents and controls were used for all assays to ensure validity of the results obtained. For insulin and ghrelin assays, established commercial kits were used and all other parameters were calculated using formulae established previously. Graphpad online calculator was used to calculate t and p values.Results: The results obtained for both controls and patients for the set of additional parameters were compared with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post prandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and HbA1c between controls, patients and controls with patients by calculating r and p values. Highly significant correlations were obtained in all comparisons.Conclusions: Very good associations (p<0.0001) were found between FPG, PPPG, and HbA1c to each of the new parameters for controls, patients and between controls and patients. These additional parameters may be done at fixed intervals of time to evaluate kidney, liver, cardiac and pancreatic complications/dysfunction in T2DM patients with obesity.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Glycosylated hemoglobin, Plasma glucose, Waist-to-hip ratio, Body mass index, Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, Homeostasis model assessment-β.
PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE NMR SPECTRA OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCE«OOSE-11,12,13»
Authors: Berkenov K , Um Datkhayev
Published: April 2017

Objective: The main issue of this work is obtained, to researching of supramolecular complexes of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) with γ-cyclodextrins (CD).Methods: The foundation of substance phytoecdysteroid 20 E was isolated from an ethanol extract plant Otites orae-syvaschicae Klok A method of the development of pharmaceutical substances was used during complexed organic relationship in the way of intense mechanical 20 E with α-, β- or γ-СD. The complexation of 20 E with α-, β-, and γ-СD was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method of spectrResults: In the study of the integrated intensities molecules signals steroid guest and host CD complex stoichiometric ratio 1:1 was prformation of clathrates was established after A and B nuclei ecdysterone had been arranged in the internal cavity of CD.Сonclusion: Supramolecular complexes of 20 E with α-, β-, and γ-СD were received during made works. The objects of research were analdescribed with the help of NMR spectroscopy. The developed technology will be the main device for operating and identification of pharmaceuticalsubstance OOSE-11, -12, and -13.Keywords: Substance Otites orae-syvaschicae Klok-11, -12, -13, 20-hydroxyecdysone, α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrins inclusion complex nuclear resonance spectroscopy.
CHARACTERISATION, IN SILICO AND IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SARGASSUM WIGHTII.
Authors: S Hemalatha , Begum Fazeela Mahaboob
Published: April 2017

Objective: The current study was intended to investigate and characterize the phytoconstituents of  Sargassum wightii ,evaluate its anti diabetic  and anti inflammatory potential under in silico and in vitro conditions.Methods: The marine algae S.wightii was extracted with ethanol. The ethanolic extract was screened for various phytoconstituents, quantified for total flavonoid and polyphenol content. FTIR and Mass spectrometry was used for characterizing the ethanolic extract. Antidiabetic potential of the phytoconstituents was analysed by molecular docking and enzyme inhibition assays. The anti inflammatory potential was evaluated by albumin denaturation assay.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fat present in the ethanol extract. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of α,b unsaturated ketone, alcohol and ether groups in the extract.  MS analysis identified l - (+) - Ascorbic acid 2, 6 dihexadeconoate and Dotriacontyl isopropyl ether in the ethanolic extract. The molecular docking studies revealed that l - (+) - Ascorbic acid 2, 6 dihexadeconoate interacted with both α amylase and α glucosidase with a consensus score of 5.The results of  in vitro analysis showed that the ethanolic extract exhibited strong inhibitory activity on α amylase (IC 50 8mg/ml) and α glucosidase (IC 50 6mg/ml) respectively. The ethanolic extract also inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end products (IC 50 10mg/ml).Further the ethanolic extract inhibited the denaturation of albumin (IC 50 2.5 mg/ml) there by revealing the anti inflammatory potential of S.wightii.Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that S.wightii possess anti diabetic and anti inflammatory potential which may be due to the presence of l - (+) - Ascorbic acid 2, 6 dihexadeconoate and flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fat present in the extract.Key words: Sargassum wightii, α amylase, α glucosidase, advanced glycation end products, molecular docking.
KAEMPFEROL FROM STELECHOCARPUS BURAHOL, (BL.) HOOK F. & TH. LEAVES AND XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITION ACTIVTY
Authors: K Diniatik , Pramono Uwijiyo , Riyanto Sugeng
Published: April 2017

Objective: Stelechocarpus burahol, (Bl.) Hook f. & Th. is a plant widely distributed in Java Island of Indonesia. The aim of this study is to identify compounds from the leaves of S. burahol that exhibited activity as xanthine oxidase inhibitor.Methods: The leaves were extracted with aqueous ethanol  and hidrolized with HCl methanol, then partitioned sequentially with chloroform and ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fractions were separated by coloumn chromatography with cellulose as stationary phase and methanol 50% as mobile phase.Results: Purification from this extracts afforded three compounds with one compound identified, namely Kaempferol. The four compounds possessed as xanthine oxidase inhibitor with IC50 values ranging from 0.27 to 0.45 μg/ml.Conclusion:Kaempferol exhibited the highest inhibition of 0.27 μg/ml.Keywords: Kaempferol, Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Stelechocarpus burahol, (Bl.) Hook f. & Th.
INSILICO DRUG DESIGN AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Authors: Mehta Simpi , Pathak Seema R
Published: April 2017

Objective: Cancer is the major worldwide problem. It arises due to uncontrolled growth of cells. In the present study a series of novel coumarin derivatives were designed and computationallyoptimized to investigate the interaction between designed ligands and 10 pdb files of five selected proteins. The objective here was to analyse in silico anticancerous activity  of designed ligands to reduce cost and time for getting novel anticancerous drug with minimum side effects.Methods: Docking studies were performed to find outmaximum interaction between designed ligands  and  selected five proteins  using Schrondinger software Maestro. Capecitabin has been used as reference compound. Structures of selected proteins were downloaded from protein data bank.Results: All the designed ligands showed mild to excellent binding with proteins.Most of the ligands exhibited better interaction  compared to reference compoundcapacitabin with all pdb files. Some of  designed ligands amongst (1-7) showed excellent docking score with  all pdb files(2v5z, 2v60, 2v61) ofAmine oxidase. Conclusion: All the designed ligands were docked with ten pdb files of five different proteins and it was found that out of seven designed ligand, ligand 4 showed best binding (docking score -10.139 ) with  pdb 2v5z of protein Amine oxidase. Docked ligand cavity of ligand 4 showed  important hydrophobic/non polar residues such asIle199,Ile316,Trp119,Phe168,Ile198,Cys172,Tyr188,Tyr398,Tyr435,Phe343,Tyr60,Leu328,Leu171 and showed pi-pi interaction with Tyr326.Further wet lab studies are continued in our laboratory to  confirm and find out efficiency and activity of target compounds.Keywords: Docking, Mono Amine Oxidase, Coumarin derivatives, Anticancerous activity, binding energy, Ramachandran Plot, Hydrophobic residue.
Alterations of Lipid profile levels in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced ulcerative colitis rat model.
Authors: Palaniswamy Geetha , B Lakshman Kumar , U Indra , B Pavithra Sheetal
Published: April 2017

Objective: Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage. We examined the lipid profile levels in murine model of 7,12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced ulcerative colitis.Methods: Serum was separated from whole blood and was used to determine the lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (HDL-C).Results: Ulcerative colitis rats exhibit low level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. No significant difference was observed in high density lipoprotein and triglycerides and significant difference was observed in phospholipids and free fatty acid serum levels. This communication highlights the lipid profile that occurs in ulcerative colitis.Conclusion: This study, thus, provides valuable information about the disturbances in the lipids and lipoproteins occur in ulcerative colitis.Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, Lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, Phospholipids.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY (CHEMO SHOCK) OF N-1(SUBSTITUTED-N-4[(4-OXO-3-PHENYL-3, 4-DIHYDRO-QUINAZOLINE-2-YLMETHYL) SEMICARBAZONES
Authors: Yadav Meena K , Tripathi Laxmi , Goswami Diptendu
Published: April 2017

Objective: This work is designed at finding new structure leads with potential anticonvulsant activities of 4(3H)-quinazolinone pharmacophore scaffold.Methods: A new series of 4(3H)-quinazolinone pharmacophore was designed with substituted moieties possesses different electronic environment in the hope of developing potent and safe new effective compounds. In such fashion, in this paper, we report the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity (Chemo shock) of N-1(substituted-N-4[(4-oxo-3-phenyl-3, 4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-ylmethyl) semicarbazones 3A-d (1-7), 3B-d (1-7), 3C-d (1-7), their chemical structure were characterized using IR,  H-H NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using chemicals strychnine, thiosemicarbazide and 4-aminopyridine induced seizure models at a dose of 30, 100, 300 mg/kg unto 2 hrs tests in mice. The rotarod assay was performed in mice to evaluate the neurotoxicity of the compounds. 1Results: Compounds 3C (d-4), 3B (d-4), and 3A (d-4) were observed to be most feasible to act against glutamate receptor for anticonvulsant activity.Conclusions: The results obtained revealed that numbers of novel quinazolinone semicarbazone derivatives are effective in chemical to induce (chemo shock) model and showing good anticonvulsant activity.Keywords: Quinazolinone, Semicarbazones, Strychnine, Thiosemicarbazide, 4-aminopyridine, Anticonvulsant activity, Chemo shock.
ASSESSMENT & EVALUATION ON THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE & PRACTICE TOWARDS MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT AMONG COMMUNITY OF DAVANGERE CITY
Authors: Sam Gloria K , Thomas Jobin , Alexander Riya , Varughese Sheen Ann
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The prime objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward medications in a community of Davangere city.Methods: This community-based study was conducted for 6 months using medication therapy management aspects. Ethical clearance was obtainedfrom the Institutional Ethical Committee. Patients above 18 years of age who were willing to participate were included in the study. The data werecollected using specific data collection forms, and KAP toward medications of each patient was assessed using KAP questionnaire. Medicationadherence was analyzed using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 4. Patient counseling about disease, medication, and lifestyle modification wasgiven, and the orally taking household drugs were segregated according to class and specific clinical uses.Results: Out of 129 patients, 58.1% were male. Out of 19 diseases encountered during the study, diabetes mellitus (32.56%) and hypertension(25.58%) were most prevalent. Majority of patients (63.57%) were prescribed with cardiovascular agents. Paracetamol was found as a commonhousehold drug. Sixty-nine percent of patients were procuring medication directly from the pharmacy and the remaining 31% were procuring theirmedication after consulting the physician. Mean scores of KAP in basal and endpoint assessment were compared using Student’s t-test. p value wasfound to be <0.000.Conclusion: The study tried to entitle the name of pharmacist as a patient educator who gives proper guidance to the patient and family membersabout the disease, domestic drug management, lifestyle modification, etc. The result of efficient patient counseling will be reflected on the properadherence of patient toward the medication and improved quality of life.Keywords: Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), Medication therapy management (MTM), Morisky medication adherence Scale – 4 (MMAS-4),patient education.
PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS LINN. IN HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET FED OBESE RATS
Authors: K Athesh , G Joshi
Published: April 2017

Objective: To study the anti-obesity potential of aqueous rhizome extract of Acoruscalamus Linn. (AREAC)in high fat diet fed obese rats.Methods: Adult strain male Wistar rats used in this study were fed with High Fat Diet (HFD) for 60 days. For the treatment groups,AREAC was administered in a dose levels of100, 200 and 300 mg/kgbw, orally once a day along with HFD. Rats fed with normal pellet chow were served as normal control. The effect of AREAC on physical parameterssuch as body weight, organ weight, fat pad weights and various biochemical parameterslike serum glucose, insulin, leptin,lipid profile, liver markers, kidney markers and oxidative stress markers were analysed.In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AREAC was also studied.Results: Data of in-vivo studies revealedsignificant (p<0.05) reduction in percentage body weight gain, organ weights, fat pad weights and levels of serum glucose, insulin and leptin after treatment with AREAC in a dose dependent manner. Also, administration of AREAC significantly inhibited the increases in the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, free-fatty acid and phospholipids in a dose dependent manner whereas, the level of HDL-cholesterol was found to be elevated on treatment. Moreover, on treatment with test drug,the elevated levels of serum liver and kidney markerssuch as AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine were also brought back to near normalcy. Antioxidant status was found to be enhanced in liver tissues after treatment.In-vitro studies showed significant inhibition in the activity of pancreatic lipaseby AREAC.Conclusion: The data of the results obtained clearly depicted that AREAC was found to have pronounced anti-obesity activity particularly at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg bw.Key Words: Obesity, High Fat Diet, Leptin, AcoruscalamusLinn., Orlistat.
EVALUATION OF IN VITRO- ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM L.
Authors: Tiwari Raj Kumar , Malairaman Udayabanu , Chanda Silpi
Published: April 2017

Objective: The intent  of this report  was to investigate the effect of aqueous root extract of Clerodendrum serratum L. for antioxidant activity using divergent models viz. DPPH scavenging assay, Superoxide scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay.Materials and Methods: The root of C. serratum was extracted using water. The yield of aqueous extract was 10%w/w. The outcome was examined statistically by the regression method.Results and discussions: The IC50 values are 85.43 µg/ml and 107.59 µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging and Superoxide scavenging assay respectively whereas  FRAP showed significant reducing power activity with increased concentration of sample. The pilot study showed, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage engrossment of free radicals.Conclusion: The antioxidant property may be corresponding to the polyphenols and flavonoids adjacent in the extract. These results clearly revealed that C. serratum might be effective against diseases analogous with free radical mediated. Keywords Clerodendrum serratum, DPPH, Superoxide, FRAP, Rutin, Antioxidant
DETECTION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY USING OPTIC DISC
Authors: E Udayakumar , S Santhi , K Yogeshwaran , J Rama
Published: April 2017

This paper proposes a method for the automatic detection of optic disc in retinal images. In the diagnosis and grading, the essential step is recognition of optic disk for diabetic retinopathy. The analysis of directional cross section profile focused on the local maximum pixel of pre-processed image is realized by the proposed method using optic disc detection. Each profile is implemented by peak detection and property like shape, size and height of the peak are estimated. The statistical measure of the estimated values for the attributes, where the orientation of the cross-section changes the constitute feature used in morphological classification to exclude encourages candidates. The result is to find the patient is affected by diabetics or not.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Optic disk, Naives Bayes algorithm, Local maximum region.
COLONIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DYNAMICS OF PATIENTS AT INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU)-OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: Sahu Mahesh Chandra , Behera Ishwar Chandra , Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: April 2017

introduction: Multidrug resistant strains are developed day by day due to empirical therapy in intensive care unit (ICU). Both gram positive and gram negative strains are found in ICU are drug resistant bacteria. In this study, the prevalence of drug resistance bacteria in ICU were determined.Materials and Methods: The clinical samples; ascitic fluid, blood, central line tip, ET aspiration  pleural fluid, pus from liver abscess, sputum, tracheal aspiration, urine and wound swabs were collected from ICU patients and cultured in specific medium. Subsequently antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated bacteria were carried out with disc diffusion methods.Results: A total number of 794 clinical samples were cultured in specific medium and it revealed 191 of single colonies, 145 were double colonies and 87 were 3 or multy-colonies. A total of 963 bacteria were isolated among them 180 were gram positive bacteria, BYC were 135 and rest were gram negative bacteria. There was no significantly difference in growth of microorganisms with respect to clinical samples as t test revealed P= 0.87. Among the gram negative bacteria; Klebsiela pneumonia were predominant and Proteous mirabilis was lowest. Tigecycline and colistin were most effective antibiotics agonist all bacteria. Conclusions: Urine samples of the patient’s revealed higher number of organisms where as pus from liver abscess found only one number of growths. The antibiotic stewardship programs must lead to significant decrease in all antibiotic used in the ICU setting. However, this result may be required further work to determine the fruitful necessary for success.Key words: Antibiotics, Intensive Care Unit, Bacterial infections, Drug resistance.
An alternative Diagnostic design for Chronic Kidney Disease detection Based on Cystatin C
Authors: Datta Manali , Stephen Bjorn John , Desai Dignya
Published: April 2017

Objective: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is usually diagnosed by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and diagnostics are still inadequate at the clinical level. Most of the diagnostic kits available estimate GFR rate by determining clearance of serum creatinine using various instrumentation generally available at hospitals. Serum creatinine is considered the major marker for renal deficiency disorders. Additionally, it is also an indicator of muscle mass and dietary intake. Hence, the need for a more reliable marker for CKD arises. A low molecular weight protein cystatin C has been found to be a reliable biomarker for detection of kidney function as it is solely filtered by the glomerulus and not secreted by renal tubules.Method: The basic set up of the kit was designed using a syringe containing multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) conjugated protease. Casein beads were immersed in  PBS buffer in the syringe. The Glass/MWCNT/papain solid support was subsequently inserted into the syringe in such a way, that the beads came in contact with the immobilized enzyme conjugate. The inhibitory action of cystatin C against protease forms the basis for the functioning of the kitResults: Results indicated that papain while immobilization needs to be in dynamic conformation. At 37 C gave better activity as compared to protein immobilized at 4C. FTIR observations confirmed the physical adsorption on the MWCNTs. The experimentation confirmed the feasibility of using prototype for detection of cystatin C.Discussion: Papain conjugated with MWCNT indicated its temperature and pH stability. The initial design of the diagnostic kit for the detection of CKD has shown to be successful with a good detection range corresponding to stage I and II of CKD. Further testing needs to be done for the prototype using patient samples.Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Diagnostic kit, Immobilized papain, Protease inhibitor.
ASSESSMENT OF DNA STRAND BREAKS AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT COMPLICATIONS- A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Nithya K , W Isabel , T Angeline , As Priscilla , Aj Asirvatham
Published: April 2017

Objective: To evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and the extent of DNA strand breaks (damage) as a measure of oxidative stress biomarkers in Type 2 diabetic patients (with and without complications) and controls.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=100 with complications and n=100 without complications) and 100 healthy individuals. Oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Total antioxidant status was assessed by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay.Results: TAS was found to be significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients (with and without complications) compared to controls (p< 0.001).  Similarly, patients with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly lower TAS when compared to diabetic patients (p= 0.007). DNA damage analysis showed that the extent of damage was high in patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without complications) compared to controls (p< 0.001). Fasting glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) was found to be significantly higherin diabetic patients than controls (p< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there is no association between age, duration, sugar level, HbA1c, TAS and DNA damage in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Alterations in TAS and the extent of DNA damage was observed in patients with complications of diabetes mellitus indicate that oxidative stress is more in patients with complications when compared to patients without complications and healthy individuals. Therefore, further DNA damage and onset of complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus could be prevented by counteracting the oxidative stress by therapeutic interventions using appropriate antioxidants.Key words: Hyperglycemia, Oxidative stress, DNA damage, Total antioxidant status, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vascular complication
UNRAVELLING DIABETIC RETINOPATHY THROUGH IMAGE PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC – A REVIEW
Authors: A Srinivasan , S Sudha
Published: April 2017

One of the main causes of blindness is diabetic retinopathy (DR) and it may affect people of any ages. In these days, both young and old ages are affected by diabetes, and the di abetes is the main cause of DR. Hence, it is necessary to have an automated system with good accuracy and less computation time to diagnose and treat DR, and the automated system can simplify the work of ophthalmologists. The objective is to present an overview of various works recently in detecting and segmenting the various lesions of DR. Papers were categorized based on the diagnosing tools and the methods used for detecting early and advanced stage lesions. The early lesions of DR are microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, and cotton wool spots and in the advanced stage, new and fragile blood vessels can be grown. Results have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and receiver operating characteristic curve. This paper analyzed the various steps and different algorithms used recently for the detection and classification of DR lesions. A comparison of performances has been made in terms of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, and accuracy. Suggestions, future workand the area to be improved were also discussed.Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Image processing, Morphological operations, Neural network, Fuzzy logic.
SYNTHESIS, IN SILICO PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Pj Jainey , K Ishwar Bhat
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds plays an important role in medicinal chemistry. Among them, five-membered ring pyrazolines have found to possess many biological and pharmacological activities like anticancer, antitubercular, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. Objective is to determine the physicochemical and drug like properties of the synthesized pyrazolines by in silico methods and to screen their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.Methods: Chalcones were synthesized from naphthaldehydes by condensing with various substituted acetophenones in ethanol and cyclized into pyrazolines using semicarbazides/thiosemicarbazides by conventional and microwave oven synthesis. The physicochemical and drug like properties were determined by using computational tools. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by alpha amylase inhibition assay method. Antioxidant activity studies were done by DPPH and nitric oxide method.Results: Pyrazolines were synthesized from chalcones. Microwave irradiated synthesis of chalcone was carried out to get higher yield with less reaction time period as compared to conventional method. The synthesized pyrazolines produces yield around 68% (conventional) and 85% (microwave). In silico studies showed considerable values satisfying all the parameters of physicochemical and Lipinski’s rule of five properties.  Among the compounds tested for antidiabetic and antioxidant studies, some showed promising activity.Conclusion: Physiochemical and drug like properties revealed that these compounds have good bioavailability and druglikeness properties. So these compounds are found to be interesting lead molecules for further synthesis as antidiabetic and antioxidant agents.Keywords: Chalcones, pyrazolines, in silico physicochemical properties, biological activities.
Determinantes socioeconómicos de la calidad del agua superficial en México
Authors: Ibarrarán Viniegra María Eugenia , Velázquez Alfonso Mendoza , Pastrana López Cristina , Manzanilla Interian Erika Jazmín
Published: April 2017

La calidad y la disponibilidad de agua de los ríos en México son cruciales para el desarrollo regional y nacional, pero tienen problemas graves; en 2006, 74 por ciento de las aguas superficiales tenía grados diferentes de contaminación. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la influencia de algunas variables socioeconómicas en la calidad del agua superficial en las regiones hidrológicas administrativas, y proponer acciones para mejorarla. Según el análisis econométrico, la actividad económica y la densidad poblacional perjudican la calidad del agua superficial en dichas regiones. Es poco el efecto del aumento de las plantas de tratamiento de agua en cuanto a la contaminación; el incremento en el caudal tratado es contraproducente para la calidad del agua. Estos elementos presentan aspectos importantes para ser abordados por las políticas públicas.
Pathological Changes Associated with Natural Outbreak of Swine Pasteurellosis
Authors: Choudhary Mamta , Ghosh R.C. , Malik Praveen , Choudhary B.K. , Nety Shraddha
Published: April 2017

Swine pasteurellosis is an acute infectious disease and is considered to be one of the most economically important diseases in Asia particularly in South and South East Asia leading to huge economic loss in livestock industry. A study was conducted to analyze the histopathological alterations caused by cytotoxins released by Pasteurella multocida serotype B, which caused Swine pasteurellosis in descript as well as nondescript pigs of Chhattisgarh, India. Affected animals exhibited pyrexia, dullness, staggering gait, anorexia, serous nasal discharge and dyspnoea. Typical lesions of oedematous swellings noted in the pharyngeal region. Case fatality rate was 95% in adult animals and 100% in piglets. The causative organism, Pasteurella multocida was isolated and characterized by biochemical tests and the detection of the KMT1, CapB, toxA, and ompH genes was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Gross lesions included severe pneumonia and haemorrhages in lungs, petechial haemorrhages on serous membranes and other visceral organs. Lymph nodes were enlarged, oedematous and haemorrhagic. The histopathological lesions developed in lungs were typical fibrinous bronchopneumonia, multifocal suppuration and severe thickening of pleura. Heart showed presence of thrombi, haemorrhages and necrosis of myocardium. Hepatic architecture showed server haemorrhages and necrosis while kidneys and spleen showed degenerative and necrotic changes.