bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Methods for Electrochemical Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: JANDERKA P. , BROZ P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aspects of Chirality in Biooriented Industrial Research and Development
Authors: BELLUS D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmental Aspects in the Analytical Laboratory
Authors: ZWERENZ G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the First Palladium Ammine Molybdate: Pd(NH3)4( MoO4).
Authors: LALIGANT Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The ClSeNSeCl+ Cation. An Unusual Structurally Very Flexible Ion Adopting Different Solid‐State Structures as Deduced by X‐Ray and ab initio Methods.
Authors: BROSCHAG M. , KLAPOETKE T. M. , SCHULZ A. , WHITE P. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Colloidal Silver: Reactions of Lead Atoms and Small Lead Aggregates with Agn.
Authors: HENGLEIN A. , HOLZWARTH A. , JANATA E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stoichiometry of Na+‐ and CO2‐ 3‐Containing Apatites Obtained by Hydrolysis of Monetite.
Authors: DE MAEYER E. A. P. , VERBEECK R. M. H. , NAESSENS D. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Molal Isothermal Compressibility of Glycine, DL‐α‐ Alanine, Glycylglycine, Glycolamide, and Lactamide.
Authors: YAYANOS A. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Prediction in Macrocyclic Enone Switching Based on Molecular Mechanics Calculation.
Authors: TAKAHASHI T. , YOKOYAMA H. , YAMADA H. , HAINO T. , FUKAZAWA Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Generation and Stereoselective (1 + 2)Cycloaddition of Substituted Vinylcarbenes.
Authors: TOLUYAMA H. , YAMADA T. , NAKAMURA E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Perfluorinated Compounds with Ethers: Evidence for Gas‐ Phase Cationic Polymerization.
Authors: BRODBELT J. S. , LIOU C.‐C. , MALEKNIA S. , LIN T.‐Y. , LAGOW R. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Syntheses Based on 2‐Oxoglutaric Acid. Part 3. Synthesis and Reactions of Dimethyl (E)‐2‐Oxoglutaconate.
Authors: BLITZKE T. , HARTENSTEIN H. , SICKER D. , WILDE H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Formal Synthesis of Aflatoxin B2 by Use of the Kikuchi Rearrangement Reaction.
Authors: KOREEDA M. , DIXON L. A. , HSI J. D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Bicyclic Oxazolines via Nitrile Capture of Photochemically Generated Oxyallyl Zwitterions.
Authors: WEST F. G. , KOCH D. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Crystal Engineering: Topochemical Photodimerization of (.+‐. )‐p‐Fluorobenzylidenepiperitone.
Authors: KUMAR V. A. , VENKATESAN K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photo‐CIDNP Investigation of the Deprotonation of Aminium Cations.
Authors: GOEZ M. , SARTORIUS I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Organic Substrates by Molecular Oxygen/Aldehyde/ Heteropolyoxometalate System.
Authors: HAMAMOTO M. , NAKAYAMA K. , NISHIYAMA Y. , ISHII Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Oxidation of Aliphatic Thioethers to Sulfoxides by Hydroxyl Radicals. The Importance of Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: SCHOENEICH C. , ACED A. , ASMUS K.‐D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Organochromium Reagents to Aldehydes, Ketones and Enones: A Low‐Temperature Version of the Nozaki‐Hiyama Reaction.
Authors: WIPF P. , LIM S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Two‐Step Procedure for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure N‐ Tosyl Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: BERRY M. B. , CRAIG D. , JONES P. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,4,6‐Tetracarbonyl Compounds. Part 1. The Novel Synthesis of 1,6‐ Diaryl‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐hexa‐2,4‐diene‐1,6‐diones from 5‐Aryl‐furan‐2,3‐ diones.
Authors: KOZMINYKH V. O. , KONSHINA L. O. , IGIDOV N. M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Synthesis of Methyl 2,5‐Dimethyl‐4‐(2‐(phenylmethyl) benzoyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate (FPL 64176) and Analogues: The First Examples of a New Class of Calcium Channel Activator.
Authors: BAXTER A. J. G. , DIXON J. , INCE F. , MANNERS C. N. , TEAGUE S. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Acyclonucleotides: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Alkenylphosphonic Acid Derivatives of Purines and a Pyrimidine.
Authors: HARNDEN M. R. , PARKIN A. , PARRATT M. J. , PERKINS R. M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concave Reagents. Part 13. 2′‐Substituted m‐Terphenyls as Building Blocks. Synthesis of a Concave Thiol Acetate.
Authors: LUENING U. , BAUMGARTNER H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylated N‐Methylpyrroles (III), (IV), (VI).
Authors: TOLMACHEV A. A. , IVONIN S. P. , KHARCHENKO A. V. , KOZLOV E. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligonucleotide Analogues Containing Dephospho‐Internucleoside Linkages
Authors: UHLMANN E. , PEYMAN A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Oligonucleotide Synthesis Using the Solid‐Phase Approach
Authors: SINHA N. D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: State‐to‐State Dynamics: Do we Really Need All Those Data?
Authors: VALENTINI J. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Predicting the Structure of the Flavodoxin from Eschericia coli by Homology Modeling, Distance Geometry and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: HAVEL T. F.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Rectification by a Molecule: The Advent of Unimolecular Electronic Devices
Authors: Metzger Robert M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid remodeling of airway vascular architecture at birth
Authors: Ni Amy , Lashnits Erin , Yao Li‐Chin , Baluk Peter , McDonald Donald M.
Published: September 2010

Recent advances have documented the development of lung vasculature before and after birth, but less is known of the growth and maturation of airway vasculature. We sought to determine whether airway vasculature changes during the perinatal period and when the typical adult pattern develops. On embryonic day 16.5 mouse tracheas had a primitive vascular plexus unlike the adult airway vasculature, but instead resembling the yolk sac vasculature. Soon after birth (P0), the primitive vascular plexus underwent abrupt and extensive remodeling. Blood vessels overlying tracheal cartilage rings regressed from P1 to P3 but regrew from P4 to P7 to form the hierarchical, segmented, ladder‐like adult pattern. Hypoxia and HIF‐1α were present in tracheal epithelium over vessels that survived but not where they regressed. These findings reveal the plasticity of airway vasculature after birth and show that these vessels can be used to elucidate factors that promote postnatal vascular remodeling and maturation. Developmental Dynamics 239:2354–2366, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic appearance of heterotopic pregnancy with ruptured ectopic tubal pregnancy
Authors: Singhal Manphool , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Saxena Akshay Kumar , Dhaliwal Lakhbir , Khandelwal Niranjan
Published: September 2010

Heterotopic pregnancy, ie, combined intrauterine and extrauterine (ectopic) pregnancy, is a rare clinical entity that may present with acute abdominal catastrophy. Most of cases reported in literature are a consequence of medical or surgical interventions like assisted reproductive techniques, tubal surgeries, intrauterine contraceptive devices, or pelvic inflammatory disease. Heterotopic pregnancy occurring spontaneously is extremely uncommon. We describe the sonographic appearance of spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy with ruptured ectopic tubal pregnancy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Implementation of a Modified Morton‐Firth Algorithm for the Simulation of Polymerization Processes
Authors: Sosnowski Stanislaw
Published: September 2010

The first implementation of the Morton‐Firth algorithm for the simulation of living/controlled polymerization processes is presented. Modifications were introduced to the native algorithm, improving its simplicity. The validity of the new algorithm was confirmed by comparison of results with analytical solutions or numerical integrations of appropriate differential equations. The kinetics of polymerization, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions were precisely reproduced. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is close to the stochastic simulation algorithm developed by Gillespie.

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Copoly(peryleneimide)s containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole rings: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Rusu Radu‐Dan , Damaceanu Mariana‐Dana , Marin Luminita , Bruma Maria
Published: September 2010

New copolyimides containing perylenediimide, oxadiazole and hexafluoroisopropylidene moieties were prepared by one‐step polycondensation reaction in solution at high temperature of aromatic diamines containing preformed oxadiazole ring with a mixture of a dianhydride having a perylene ring and another dianhydride with hexafluoroisopropylidene unit. The thermal stability and glass transition temperatures of these copolyimides were measured and compared with those of related polyimides. The solid polymers were also studied by polarized light microscopy and X‐ray diffraction which revealed a semicrystalline state consisting of face‐to‐face arranged columns of perylenediimide units. The film‐forming ability and properties of the resulting thin films were investigated by using atom force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy which showed that the films were organized into self‐assembled rod‐like structures. The UV‐Vis and photoluminescence properties in solution and in solid state were also investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4230–4242, 2010
Cocaine‐ and morphine‐induced synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Alcantara Adriana A. , Lim Helen Y. , Floyd Christopher E. , Garces Juanita , Mendenhall John M. , Lyons Chelsea L. , Berlanga Monica L.
Published: September 2010

The critical brain areas and molecular mechanisms involved in drug abuse and dependence have been extensively studied. Drug‐induced persistent behaviors such as sensitization, tolerance, or relapse, however, far outlast any previously reported mechanisms. A challenge in the field of addiction, therefore, has been to identify drug‐induced changes in brain circuitry that may subserve long‐lasting changes in behavior. This study examined behavioral changes and electron microscopic evidence of altered synaptic connectivity within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following repeated administration of cocaine or morphine. The unbiased quantitative stereological physical disector method was used to estimate the number of synapses per neuron. Increases in the synapse‐to‐neuron ratio were found in the NAc shell of cocaine‐treated (49.1%) and morphine‐treated (55.1%) rats and in the NAc core of cocaine‐treated animals (49.1%). This study provides direct ultrastructural evidence of drug‐induced synaptic plasticity and identifies synaptic remodeling as a potential neural substrate underlying drug‐induced behavioral sensitization. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comprehensive HADHA c.1528G>C frequency study reveals high prevalence of long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in Poland
Authors: Piekutowska‐Abramczuk Dorota , Olsen Rikke K. J. , Wierzba Jolanta , Popowska Ewa , Jurkiewicz Dorota , Ciara Elżbieta , Ołtarzewski Mariusz , Gradowska Wanda , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Krajewska‐Walasek Małgorzata , Andresen Brage S. , Gregersen Niels , Pronicka Ewa
Published: September 2010

Isolated long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is associated with c.1528G>C substitution in the HADHA gene, since most patients have the prevalent mutation on at least one allele. As it is known that the disease is relatively frequent in Europe, especially around the Baltic Sea, and that the majority of Polish LCHADD patients originate from the coastal Pomeranian province, partly inhabited by an ancient ethnic group, the Kashubians, we aimed to determine the carrier frequency of the prevalent HADHA mutation in various districts of Poland with special focus on the Kashubian district. A total of 6,854 neonatal dried blood samples from the entire country, including 2,976 Pomeranian neonates of Kashubian origin, were c.1528G>C genotyped. Fifty‐nine heterozygous carriers for the prevalent c.1528G>C substitution (41 Pomeranian children) were detected in the studied group. Our data reveal a geographically skewed distribution of the c.1528C allele in the Polish population; in the northern Pomeranian province the carrier frequency is 1:73, which is the highest frequency ever reported, whereas in the remaining regions it is 1:217. Hence, the incidence of LCHADD in Poland is predicted to be 1:118,336 versus 1:16,900 in the Pomeranian district. Despite the relative rarity of the disease, screening for LCHADD in neonates born in the northern part of Poland, especially those of Kashubian origin, is justified. Our data allow us to suggest a probable Kashubian origin of the prevalent c.1528G>C mutation.
A thermochemical model of Eurasian Permo-Triassic mantle plumes as a basis for prediction and exploration for Cu-Ni-PGE and rare-metal ore deposits
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Borisenko A.S. , Izokh A.E. , Zhmodik S.M.
Published: September 2010

Four stages of the thermochemical plume—lithosphere interaction generating a broad mushroom-like head of plume and especially fourth regressive cooling phase have the important role for metallogeny. The analysis of a thermochemical plume model together with recent geological and geochronological data on magmatic ore systems in the Siberian, Tarim, Emeishan, Central European, and some other large igneous provinces (LIPs) enabled the following characteristics of the metallogeny in large igneous provinces to be revealed: (1) the specific combination of mineralization types, which include magmatic Cu-Ni-Pt and Fe-Pt; hydrothermal Ni-Co-As (±Ag, U, Au), Au-As, Ag-Sb, Au-Hg, Sb-Hg and stratiform Cu (copper-bearing sandstones and shales enriched in Co, Ni, Ag, Pt);(2) the areal or spot-like pattern of the location of mineralization types (opposed to the linear-belt localization in subduction and rift settings);(3) the zoned distribution of mineralization types relative to LIPs’ centers, with Cu-Ni-Pt, Fe-Pt and stratiform Cu mineralization localized in a LIP center, and hydrothermal mineralization bound to a LIP periphery;(4) the essential contemporaneity of the formation of each mineralization type in LIPs, and the existence of coeval but spatially separated Cu-Ni-Pt, Ni-Co-As and Au-As deposits;(5) the close linkage between different mineralization types and particular pulses of mafic, alkaline mafic, and felsic magmatism;(6) the unified succession of ore-forming events;(7) the close relationship between the extent of mineralization and LIP igneous volumes, which in turn depend on the plume heat power. The major characteristics of localization of different mineralization types within LIPs, the timing and genetic relationships between mineralization and types of magmatism, as well as specific geological controls on ore formation provide a basis for establishing new geological, magmatic, litological, and geochemical criteria crucial for predicting and targeting new mineralization within LIPs.
Cobalt mineralization in the Altai–Sayan orogen: age and correlation with magmatism
Authors: Tretiakova I.G. , Borisenko A.S. , Lebedev V.I. , Pavlova G.G. , Goverdovsky V.A. , Travin A.V.
Published: September 2010

The paper discusses the spatiotemporal and genetic relationships of hydrothermal Co mineralization in the Altai–Sayan orogen with mafic, alkaline mafic, and granitoid magmatism on the basis of isotopic, geochemical, and geochronological investigations. Four stages of Co mineralization have been distinguished for this region: Early Devonian (D1), Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous (D3–C1), Permo-Triassic (P2–T), and Early Cretaceous (K1). They correspond to periods of large-scale mafic magmatism. Isotopic (Pb, Sr, He) and geochemical studies have shown that Co mineralization is genetically related to mafic and granitoid magmatism. Also, these studies have confirmed that Co deposits are formed with the participation of mantle fluids and are related to chambers of mafic and alkaline mafic melts. Besides, it has been found that ore originated both from magmatic sources and host rocks. A pulsed facies endogenic zonation has been established for Co deposits, Co-bearing ore clusters, and zones with high-temperature Co–As and low-temperature Ni–Co–As mineralization. It has been first established that ores at hydrothermal Co deposits are rich in Pt and Pd.
The physicochemical dynamics of evolution of fluid above asthenosphere systems beneath the Siberian Platform
Authors: Sharapov V.N. , Tomilenko A.A. , Perepechko Yu.V. , Chudnenko K.V. , Mazurov M.P.
Published: September 2010

A mathematical model is proposed for the two-velocity nonisothermal dynamics of the interaction between the convecting upper mantle and the multilayer lithosphere with local permeable zones. Based on the statistical processing of data on the bulk compositions of fluids from mantle rocks beneath the Siberian Platform (SP) and the Earth’s crustal metamorphic rocks of granulite and amphibolite facies, we discuss the problems of specifying the initial and boundary conditions for the description of the dynamics of convective melting in permeable zones above asthenosphere. To determine the nature of the established linear CO2–H2O trend (these are the main fluids of inclusions), we consider the 2D dynamics of formation of the T and P fields and the accompanying physicochemical dynamics of heterophase interaction between supra-asthenosphere magmatogene fluids and depleted rocks of the lithospheric mantle. The performed experimental and computational studies of the bulk composition and nature of the fluid phase in rock xenoliths from the SP lithosphere and Earth’s crustal metamorphosed strata showed that: (1) the gas phase of lower-crustal metamorphic rocks differ significantly in bulk composition from the gas phase of mantle lithosphere rocks, (2) about 80 % of the gas phase in the minerals of lithospheric mantle ultrabasites are oxidized products of the re-equilibration of supra-asthenosphere magmatogene fluids transformed in regional fault zones, (3) a periodic decompression of lithospheric mantle strata in the SP deep fault zones is the main factor of this re-equilibration, (4) data on the composition of the gas phase in primary inclusions in minerals of igneous rocks can be used to calculate the model composition of asthenospheric fluids.
Reproductive performance and protein utilization in pregnancy of sheep conceiving at eight months of age
Authors: Robinson J. J. , Fraser C. , Corse Elizabeth L. , Gill J. C.
Published: September 2010

Twenty-one Finnish Landrace × Polled Dorset Horn female sheep approximating 8 months old were individually penned from 3 to 4 weeks after mating until parturition. They were allocated to one of three diets containing either 12·3, 14·1 or 16·5% crude protein and 2·1 Meal metabolizable energy per kg dry matter, offered at a level of 85 g/kg W0·75 per day. A series of nitrogen balance trials was carried out on all lambs during the last 100 days of gestation.

The mean age at parturition was 382 days and the mean litter size 1·52. The live-weight gain (mean value 152 g/day) was not significantly affected by the level of protein intake. There was a tendency (005 < P < 0·10 for singletons) for lamb birth weight to decrease and the body-weight change of the dam to increase with increasing protein concentration in the diet. There was a significant linear increase in nitrogen retention both with stage of gestation and level of protein intake.

The partition of nitrogen between the foetal and maternal body is discussed in relation to the estimated nitrogen content of the maternal live-weight gain.
An equation, suitable for computer use, based on the ARC feeding system to determine the energy requirements of growing and fattening cattle
Authors: Zulberti C. A. , Reid J. T.
Published: September 2010

Based on the Agricultural Research Council's feeding system, equations were developed that allow the calculation of the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and weight gain by cattle, separately or combined. A general equation was developed for the straight-forward calculation of the total metabolizable energy requirements of growing and fattening cattle for any combination of body weight, rate of weight gain, age, level of muscular work, and metabolizable energy concentration of the diet. The estimates of energy requirement made by the use of this equation are in excellent agreement with those made by the Agricultural Research Council using an iterative method.

In addition to avoiding the awkward iterative process, the equations proposed are readily adaptable to computer use.
A note on the prevention of nutritional muscular dystrophy by winter silage feeding of the cow or selenium implantation of the calf
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Jenkins K. J. , Wauthy J. M. , Proulx J. E.
Published: September 2010

Thirty-four pregnant Shorthorn cows were fed during the winter either grass silage from first crop material or rapeseed silage, both low in selenium content (less than 33 nanogram/g DM). Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) determinations were performed before and after the calves went to the pasture. There was no evidence either clinically, biochemically (SGOT) or at post-mortem examination, of any nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD) disorder in the 34 calves, despite very low plasma selenium levels (4 to 5 ng/ml plasma).

An implantation technique using a slow-release selenium pellet also was evaluated as a means of controlling the disease. Fifteen calves from a total of 33 calves born to cows given a dystrophy-producing hay during the winter, were implanted a few days after birth with a pellet containing 15 mg of selenium. Four out of 18 calves in the control group showed clinical symptoms of NMD and two died with NMD lesions. SGOT levels in the implanted calves were normal during the experiment and none was affected by NMD. Plasma selenium levels in the implanted calves were significantly higher than in the deficient controls at each sampling period, but within normal ranges previously reported.
Utilization of casein, fish meal and soya bean proteins in dry diets for pigs between 7 and 28 days of age
Authors: Leibholz Jane
Published: September 2010

Seventy-two pigs between 7 and 28 days of age were given diets containing milk, fish or soya bean proteins in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, the weight gains of pigs given casein, isolated soya bean protein, fish meal and soya bean meal were 211,180,200 and 191 g/day, respectively, and the food conversion ratios were 0·84, 1·16, 0·93 and 1·10, respectively.

In the second experiment, the protein sources were skim milk, casein, isolated soya bean protein, soya bean concentrate and soya bean meal; weight gains of the pigs on these respective diets were 205, 180, 154, 133 and 169 g/day, and the food conversion ratios were 0·81, 0·92, 0·97, 1·07 and 1·05.

Apparent digestibilities of the soya bean and fish protein diets were less than those of milk protein diets. Apparent digestibilities of all diets increased between the collection periods at 9 to 14 days and 23 to 28 days of age.
A note on supplemental protein and monensin for steers wintered on dormant native range
Authors: Horn G. W. , Armbruster S. L. , Sims P. L.
Published: September 2010

Ninety-six Hereford steer calves that weighed 249(s.e.4·7)kg were allocated randomly to four treatments of 24 steers each in a randomized complete block design with four blocks. The steers grazed dormant native range forage that contained 41 to 60 g of crude protein per kg dry matter during the 120-day wintering trial and were given 0·91 kg of supplement per head per day. The supplements used contained 175 or 350 g crude protein per kg dry matter and 0 or 165 mg monensin per kg supplement; a factorial arrangement of treatments was used in allocating the supplements. Weight gains of steers given the high-protein supplements were greater than those on the low-protein supplements during periods 1(0 to 61 days) and 2 (62 to 120 days), and over the total trial (P < 0·01). Monensin increased weight gains during period 1 and the total trial (P < 0·01). The protein level × monensin interaction was not significant for either period or the total trial (P > 0·15). The results indicate that inclusion of monensin in protein supplements for growing cattle grazed on low-quality dormant native forage may allow some reduction in protein content of the supplement.
A comparison of the progeny of British Friesian dams and different sire breeds in 16- and 24-month beef production systems 2. Carcass characteristics, and rate and efficiency of meat gain
Authors: Kempster A. J. , Cook G. L. , Southgate J. R.
Published: September 2010

Carcass characteristics of purebred British Friesian steers and crossbred steers by eight sire breeds out of British Friesian dams, in 16-month and 24-month beef production systems, were compared. Sire breeds included Charolais, Simmental and the main traditional British beef breeds. A total of 579 cattle were involved.

The cattle were slaughtered at a fixed level of fatness and the carcasses evaluated using a standardized commercial cutting technique. Data were adjusted to equal carcass subcutaneous fat concentration.

Sire breed differences were similar in both feeding systems. Charolais crosses killed-out best and Aberdeen- Angus and Devon crosses poorest; the range was 25 g/kg live weight.

Significant differences were recorded between breeds in the proportion of saleable meat in the carcass (P<0·001): Charolais, Sussex and Aberdeen-Angus crosses had the highest values, on average being 15g/kg carcass weight better than purebred Friesians. Breed differences were detected in the proportion of total saleable meat occurring in the higher-priced joints, Simmental and Charolais crosses ranking highest, but the range across sire breeds was only 10 g/kg carcass weight. There were important differences between sire breeds in rate of meat weight gain that were related to mature size.

Purebred Friesians were less efficient than either Charolais or Hereford crosses in converting food into meat in the 24-month system. Friesians also had the lowest efficiency and Hereford crosses the highest efficiency in the 16-month system, although the differences were not statistically significant.
The influence of social restriction during rearing on the sexual behaviour of the gilt
Authors: Hemsworth P. H. , Cronin G. M. , Hansen C.
Published: September 2010

Four groups of 10 gilts were reared from an early age under four social conditions. The mating rate (the number of successful copulations as a proportion of oestruses) at the pubertal oestrus of gilts reared in isolation from boars was significantly lower than that of gilts reared near mature boars (P> 0·01). In addition, gilts isolated from boars during rearing had a significantly longer interval from the first mounting attempt by the boar until the display of the standing response (P<0·05) and a significantly higher proportion of these gilts were restless during copulation and terminated the copulation in comparison with gilts reared near mature boars (P<0·01). All gilts were ovariectomized after puberty or at 35 weeks of age and, following a standard oestrogen treatment, they were induced into a series of behavioural oestruses. There were no significant differences between the treatments in the mating rate at these oestruses. It is concluded that the social environment during rearing will influence the mating rate of the gilt at the pubertal oestrus.
Effects of index selection at bacon weight on early growth rate and body composition in Large White pigs
Authors: Henderson Ruth , Whittemore C. T. , Ellis M. , Smith W. C. , Laird R.
Published: September 2010

Consistent age differences at around 27 kg live weight have been found between control (C) and selection (S) line boars of the Large White breed in a coordinated breed improvement programme (89·8 v. 94·6 days, P<001). After 10 generations of index selection on feeding ad libitum, a sample of 20 boars from the programme, 10 C and 10 S, were slaughtered at 27·6 (s.e. 0·48) kg live weight for a more comprehensive examination of this finding. Physical dissection of the carcass and whole body chemical analysis were carried out. Differences between C and S boars were apparent even at this light weight: S boars were older than C (92·7 v. 83·5 days, P<0·01), contained less dissected fat (2·93 v. 3·58kg, P<005) and chemical lipid (315 v. 3·59kg, P<0·05), and had a higher lean proportion (0·477 v. 0·458, P<0·01). There was no significant difference between lines in weight of dissected lean or whole body protein. Index selection has clearly affected early growth and body composition, which questions current assumptions underlying pig testing methods.
A selective immunization procedure against 5α-androstenone in boars
Authors: Diane Williamson E. , Patterson R. L. S.
Published: September 2010

An auto-immunization procedure selective for boar 5α-androstenone is described. Immunization of boars with a conjugate of androstenone and bovine serum albumin as a carrier protein significantly reduced the accumulation of androstenone in adipose tissue from a mean value of 0·77 (s.e. 0·19)mg/kg fat for untreated boars to 0·24 (s.e. 0·06) mg/kg fat for treated animals. No detrimental side-effects were observed in the immunized animals, and the advantages of male-type growth and carcass characteristics were preserved.
Genetic variation of rectal temperature in cows and its relationship to fertility
Authors: Turner H. G.
Published: September 2010

Rectal temperatures of breeding cows at the National Cattle Breeding Station, ‘Belmont’, Rockhampton were recorded in each of 2 years. The data analysed represented two Bos taurus (Hereford × Shorthorn) and four B. indicus × B. taurus half-bred lines, and 800 to 900 cows in each year. Rectal temperatures averaged 39·8°C, and were 0·5°C higher in British breed than in zebu-cross cows and 0·3°C higher in lactating than in dry British cows (no effect in zebu cross).

Fertility, measured as success or failure in producing a calf at term, was affected by rectal temperature (P<0·0001 in both years). The relationship was curvilinear, the reduction in calving rate due to 01°C increment in temperature being 0009 at 39°C, 002 at 40°C and 0035 at 41°C. Response of fertility to a given change in rectal temperature was the same in different breeds. The average depression of fertility due to heat susceptibility was 015 to 0·25 in British-breed and approximately 010 in zebu-cross herds.

Even in relatively heat-tolerant zebu crossbreds and in a relatively mild environment on the Tropic, both the mean rectal temperature and its genetic variability within a herd had quite large effects on reproduction. The heritability of rectal temperature was 0·25 (s.e. 012) and its genetic correlation with fertility was −0·76 (s.e. 0·35). There was a parallel effect of rectal temperatures of cows on the birth weights of their calves.
A note on crossbreeding for fat-lamb production in the hot tropics
Authors: Sehgal J. P. , Karim S. A. , Singh Manohar , Acharya R. M.
Published: September 2010

To compare the genetic group differences in live-weight gains, efficiency of food conversion (in terms of dry matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible crude protein, digestible energy and metabolizable energy) and physiological responses related to heat balance, a total of 24 male lambs (91 to 180 days old), four each of Malpura, Sonadi, and their crosses with Dorset and Suffolk breeds, were given a ration having a roughage to concentrate ratio of 250:750g/kg and metabolizable energy content of 100MJ/kg dry matter. Live-weight gain per day was higher and the food conversion ratio (the intakes of total digestible nutrients, digestible energy and metabolizable energy per kg gain) was lower in the crossbreds than in the native sheep. The crossbreds had higher respiratory rates (153 per min) than the natives (140 per min) but there was no significant difference in rectal temperature between purebreds and crossbreds. The crossbred lambs in the present experiment grew faster, consumed more food and utilized the food more efficiently than did the native lambs, despite the fact that they dissipated more energy as body heat. It was, therefore, concluded that the crossbreds performed better than the native breeds between 3 and 6 months of age, even though they were not permanently acclimatized to hot environmental conditions.
Problems involved in the utilization of alkali-treated fibrous roughages 1. The effects of level of roughage and protein in the diet and neutralization of residual alkali
Authors: Levy D. , Holzer Z. , Drori D. , Folman Y.
Published: September 2010

Wheat straw treated with 35 g NaOH per kg was offered to male calves at three levels: 300 (A), 500 (B), and 700 (C) g/kg diet, in a metabolism trial and in a feeding trial. In the former the wheat straw was offered either neutralized with HC1 (N) or unneutralized (U), in six subtreatments (AN, BN, CN, AU, BU and CU) in a 3 × 2 factorial design to a total of 24 calves. Dry-matter intake per kg W0·73was 123, 108, 104, 122, 105 and 91 g/day, and the digestibility of the organic matter of the straw was 0·388, 0·616, 0·629, 0·385, 0·528 and 0·544 respectively. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein of the straw was negative. Nitrogen retention per kg W0·73was 0·91, 0·58, 0·52, 0·97, 0·57 and 0·50 g/day, respectively.

In the feeding trial, unneutralized, NaOH-treated wheat straw was offered to a total of 84 calves for 100 days at the above three levels with two protein levels: standard, 120 g/kg (S) and high, 140 g/kg (H), in six subtreatments (AS, BS, CS, AH, BH and CH) in a 3 × 2 factorial design. The concentrates were pelleted. From day 101 to slaughter all the calves were offered one finishing diet.

Level of protein had no effect on performance. Increasing the levels of straw in the first 100 days sharply reduced average daily gains; these were 1 074, 825 and 583 g, respectively. However, the respective average daily gains on the finishing diet were 1 131, 1 272 and 1 316 g, indicating a considerable amount of compensatory growth.
A note on intake and digestibility of a fibrous diet self fed to primiparous sows
Authors: Zoiopoulos P. E. , English P. R. , Topps J. H.
Published: September 2010

In an attempt to establish an ad libitum, labour saving feeding system 12 Large White primiparous sows were used to investigate the effects on food intake and digestibility of including oat husks in a conventional concentrate diet. The diet contained 500 g ground oat husks per kg diet and was compared with the undiluted concentrate given in restricted amounts during pregnancy (1·8 kg/day) and lactation (5·4 kg/day). The mean daily food intakes for the oat husk diet were 5·50 and 6·29 kg during pregnancy and lactation respectively. The apparent digestibility of the dry matter of the oat husk diet (0·58) was significantly lower than that of the concentrate (0·80), but values for apparent digestibility of nitrogen were similar (0·77 and 0·78, respectively).
The effects of including sodium bicarbonate in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation
Authors: Edwards Sandra A. , Poole D. A.
Published: September 2010

Two experiments examined the effects of including sodium bicarbonate in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation for two different feeding systems. In experiment 1, 28 Friesian cows were allocated to two groups according to parity, calving date and their milk yield in days 5 to 14. Cows were given either a standard home-mixed concentrate or a similar concentrate with sodium bicarbonate included at 25 kg/t. Concentrates were given to individual cows twice daily at a flat rate determined by their 5- to 14-day yield, and hay was group-fed to appetite. Milk yield in days 15 to 100 post-calving did not differ significantly between treatments, but cows given concentrate containing bicarbonate ate more hay and had a higher milk fat concentration (36·0 v. 32·5 g/kg, P < 0·01). In experiment 2, 80 cows were allocated to two treatments according to parity, calving date and previous lactation yield. There were two replicates of each treatment. All groups were given silage and concentrates as a complete diet for 8 weeks from calving, and 20 g sodium bicarbonate per kg total dry matter was included in the diet of half the animals. Cows given the diet containing bicarbonate had higher food intakes (14·9 v. 13·9 kg dry matter per head per day) and lower live-weight losses (13 v. 44 kg, P < 0·001). Milk yield and milk quality did not differ between treatments. Conception tended to be better in cows given the bicarbonate diet.
Selection for improved food conversion ratio on ad libitum group feeding in pigs
Authors: Webb A. J. , King J. W. B.
Published: September 2010

An experiment was conducted to show the effectiveness of selection for improved food conversion ratio on ad libitum group feeding. Selection (32 ♀♀ and 8 ♂♂) and unselected control (32 ♀♀ and 16 ♂♂ lines were maintained for seven generations at the rate of one per year. Progeny were fed ad libitum from 27 to 82 kg live weight: boars singly or in pairs, and gilts in litter groups. Selection was on pen average food conversion ratio (food/live-weight gain), recalculated as each pig reached 82 kg.

In spite of selection differentials averaging 0·61 s.d. per generation, there was no response (selection minus control) in food conversion at Generation 6 (−0·03, s.e. 0·08). However, there were correlated increases in daily live-weight gain (56, s.e. 18 g), daily food intake (145, s.e. 59 g) and ultrasonic backfat (2·4, s.e. 0·4 mm). In Generation 7, 146 full-sib pairs (male castrate and gilt) were tested on ad libitum or scale (0·77 g/g ad libitum daily food intake) feeding. Line by feeding regime interactions were absent for all traits except killing-out proportion and belly thickness.

The increased fatness of the selection line on ad libitum feeding was retained on the scale (2·2 v. 2·4, s.e. 10 mm), suggesting a primary difference in partition of nutrients rather than intake. The selection procedure adopted was not successful in improving food conversion, but no clear conclusions could be drawn from the experiment. Uncertainty remains as to the value of group food consumption measurements in selection programmes.