bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Snf1/AMPK fine-tunes TORC1 signaling in response to glucose starvation
Authors: Caligaris Marco , Nicastro Raffaele , Hu Zehan , Tripodi Farida , Hummel Johannes Erwin , Deprez Marie-Anne , Winderickx Joris , Rospert Sabine , Coccetti Paola , Dengjel Jörn , De Virgilio Claudio
Published: October 2022

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) are central kinase modules of two opposing signaling pathways that control eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism in response to the availability of energy and nutrients. Accordingly, energy depletion activates AMPK to inhibit growth, while nutrients and high energy levels activate TORC1 to promote growth. Both in mammals and lower eukaryotes such as yeast, the AMPK and TORC1 pathways are wired to each other at different levels, which ensures homeostatic control of growth and metabolism. In this context, a previous study (Hughes Hallet et. al, 2015) reported that AMPK in yeast,i.e. Snf1, plays a role in short-term downregulation of TORC1 activity upon acute glucose starvation, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Using a combination of unbiased mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics, genetic, biochemical, and physiological experiments, we show here that Snf1 contributes to glucose starvation-induced short-term TORC1 inactivation primarily through the TORC1-regulatory protein Pib2. Our data, therefore, extend the function of Pib2 to a hub that integrates both glucose and, as reported earlier, glutamine signals to control TORC1. We further demonstrate that Snf1 phosphorylates the TORC1 effector kinase Sch9 within its N-terminal region and thereby antagonizes the phosphorylation of a C-terminal TORC1-target residue within Sch9 itself that is critical for its activity. The consequences of Snf1-mediated phosphorylation of Pib2 and Sch9 are physiologically additive and sufficient to explain the role of Snf1 in short-term inhibition of TORC1 in acutely glucose-starved cells.
In depth characterization of an archaeal virus-host system reveals numerous virus exclusion mechanisms
Authors: Mercier Coraline , Thies Daniela , Zhong Ling , Raftery Mark J. , Cavicchioli Ricardo , Erdmann Susanne
Published: October 2022

Archaeal head-tailed viruses appear, at first sight, very closely related to head-tailed bacteriophages simply due to morphological similarities and similar life cycles. However, they encounter host cells that are very different from bacteria and share characteristics, that greatly influence virus life cycles, with eukaryotes. Here we present an in-depth characterization of the archaeal head-tailed virus, HRTV-Dl1, isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica. The hostHalorubrum lacusprofundiexhibits a large arsenal of virus exclusion mechanisms, indicating a long ongoing arms race with viruses. However, we uncover that the majority of this arsenal was lost spontaneously in a strain grown under non-challenging laboratory conditions. By challenging both the parental strain and the sensitive strain with HRTV-DL1, we discovered a number of putative virus exclusion mechanisms that are only activated in the sensitive strain upon the lack of defense systems present in the parental strain. We identify virus exclusion mechanisms that are also common in bacteria, mechanisms that are unique to archaea, and a potential mechanisms involving the archaeal homolog of the eukaryotic ORC1 and CDC6. We identify one of two S-layer proteins as primary receptor for HRTV-DL1, demonstrating that the presence of two different S-layer proteins in one strain provides a strong advantage in the arms race with viruses. Our results clearly reflect the differences between bacterial and archaeal head-tailed viruses. Finally, we observed that our intention to isolate a clean and stable model virus-host system led to the generation of a virus-host pair with reduced genomes. This model system is great to study in the laboratory, but barely reflects the entire spectrum of virus-host interactions as they would occur in the environment, emphasizing the importance of combining wet lab data with environmental data.
Tadpoles rely on mechanosensory stimuli for communication when visual capabilities are poor
Authors: Butler Julie M. , McKinney Jordan E. , Ludington Sarah C. , Mabogunje Moremi , Baker Penelope , Singh Devraj , Edwards Scott V. , O’Connell Lauren A.
Published: October 2022

The ways in which animals sense the world changes throughout development. For example, young of many species have limited visual capabilities, but still make social decisions, likely based on information gathered through other sensory modalities. Poison frog tadpoles display complex social behaviors that have been suggested to rely on vision despite a century of research indicating tadpoles have poorly-developed visual systems relative to adults. Alternatively, other sensory modalities, such as the lateral line system, are functional at hatching in frogs and may guide social decisions while other sensory systems mature. Here, we examined development of the mechanosensory lateral line and visual systems in tadpoles of the mimic poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator)that use vibrational begging displays to stimulate egg feeding from their mothers.We found that tadpoles hatch with a fully developed lateral line system. While begging behavior increases with development, ablating the lateral line system inhibited begging in pre-metamorphic tadpoles, but not in metamorphic tadpoles.We also found that the increase in begging and decrease in reliance on the lateral line co-occurs with increased retinal neural activity and gene expression associated with eye development. Using the neural tracer neurobiotin, we found that axonal innervations from the eye to the brain proliferate during metamorphosis, with little retinotectal connections in recently-hatched tadpoles. We then tested visual function in a phototaxis assay and found tadpoles prefer darker environments. The strength of this preference increased with developmental stage, but eyes were not required for this behavior, possibly indicating a role for the pineal gland. Together, these data suggest that tadpoles rely on different sensory modalities for social interactions across development and that the development of sensory systems in socially complex poison frog tadpoles is similar to that of other frog species.
Together we can: enhancing key 21st-century skills with international virtual exchange
Authors: Sierra Javier , Yassim Mazia , Suárez-Collado Ángela
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This research reveals how a virtual exchange (VE) can foster transnational collaboration in higher education, assist students acquire key learning outcomes and raise awareness regarding the complexities affecting development policy and sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Overall 50 students from two universities in Spain and the United Kingdom, enrolled on two different degree courses (Global Studies and Marketing), cooperated in multidisciplinary teams to analyze real development policies and initiatives. The authors collected quantitative and qualitative data to assess the students' perceptions of the methodology.

Findings

The students perceived the VE to be of great value, enriching their educational experience by having a positive effect on their overall learning and fostering internationalization. A high number of participants declared the teaching and learning methodology was useful to assist them in reaching crucial cognitive, skill-based and affective educational objectives, and to help them understand how development policy works while also raising awareness regarding real-world complexity.

Practical implications

This methodology proved valuable in helping students acquire the set of skills expected from today's graduates in economics, political science and marketing. This active learning and pedagogical innovation component provides some interesting conclusions contributing toward widening the adoption of VEs in higher education contexts.

Originality/value

The increasing complexity of the globalized world makes it challenging for higher education institutions to develop multidisciplinary approaches to education to foster sustainable development. The experience provided offered the students an online international experience at their home institutions. Consequently, the research elaborates on how VE can be applied in economics, business, management and political science courses to enrich learning experience by applying theory in a practical way.
A qualitative comparative study of Japanese fashion brands via profiling young shoppers
Authors: Miao Miao , Numata Hideho , Ikeda Kayo
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study adopts complexity theory to explore behavioural brand loyalty (BBL) development by investigating brand perceptional components and loyalty programs (LPs) in the Japanese fashion market through a qualitative comparative study. The authors address two research questions: (1) Under the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, do brand perceptions and LPs contribute to young generation's BBL toward three types of brands with different scales of store numbers and prices? (2) If so, under what conditions do these factors positively influence BBL?

Design/methodology/approach

This study considers the effects of complex factors and conditions on BBL formation by testing the asymmetric relationships that exist among brand perceptions, LPs, and BBL via fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The authors surveyed 751 Japanese consumers (aged 18–25 years) who had chosen 26 Japanese fashion brands as their favourites and participated in the LPs of those brands. The use of fsQCA supplements the existing research by explaining how causal variables affect BBL both positively and negatively.

Findings

The results (1) present multiple causal solutions in predicting high BBL by profiling young shoppers based on their psychological and behavioural characteristics; (2) show how causal factors and consumer characteristics work differently when developing BBL for different types of brands. The findings established that brand perceptions and LPs could affect BBL positively and negatively, depending on the characteristics of fashion brands and shoppers.

Originality/value

This study offers theoretical and practical implications in two main aspects: (1) the authors adopted a mixed methodology with quantitative and qualitative analysis to propose an integrated model that connects perceptional brand loyalty and LPs with BBL, based on three types of Japanese fashion brands; (2) the results offer multiple solutions for predicting the high level of BBL by profiling shoppers' characteristics, considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Advocacy and the role of human rights organizations in the Brazilian legislative branch: Rede Justiça Criminal campaigns
Authors: Santos Juliana
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to understand, from the analysis of the work of a Brazilian network of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), how advocacy on human rights issues is developed to defend causes before the legislative branch, identifying its contributions and effectiveness. For this, were observed, the strategies and tactics employed in the implementation of two advocacy campaigns promoted by a Brazilian NGOs network.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts the method of inductive investigation with a qualitative approach and uses the techniques of semi-structured in-depth interviews and documentary research. The paper is developed within the scientific field of public relations (PR), uses as reference the critical theory and the rhetorical theory of PR, and is based on the concept of advocacy.

Findings

Some results of the advocacy are observed, such as the greater awareness of political decision-makers, in addition to the influence on the definition of the political agenda and on the action of the political decision-makers.

Research limitations/implications

Among the limitations of this study are the time span for analyzing the campaigns' actions, which could be extended to observe long-term results, as well as the dedication of the study exclusively to the legislative branch since the campaigns also sought to influence decision-making in the executive branch.

Social implications

The results found encourage the strengthening of the democratic environment since it increases the power and influence of civil society in the political decision-making of the legislative branch.

Originality/value

The study showed that advocacy, as a PR activity, increases civil society participation in political decisions.
Women's roles in family businesses: some empirical evidence from Italy
Authors: Dettori Angela , Floris Michela
Published: October 2022

Purpose

As women are still promoted to C-level roles at far lower rates than men, this paper examines whether there is a clear and direct relationship between women's formal roles and the effect of the socio-cultural context on their participation in strategic decisions in family businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a quantitative research design and logistic regression to analyze empirical data from a randomly selected sample of 800 firms in Sardinia.

Findings

In general, the results show that women's formal roles and participation in the decision-making process are not related, except in a specific sector (agriculture and farming), and that the local context plays an unquestionable role in terms of replicating local customs and traditions in the workplace.

Research limitations/implications

Although limited by the sample of firms in the same territory, this study shows that women participate in strategic decision-making both when tasked to by virtue of their leadership role and when playing a minor role by way of implicit decision-making power. However, the sector can hinder women's participation, especially when strongly rooted in local culture.

Originality/value

The study shows that the socio-cultural context has a strong influence on women's involvement in strategic decision-making, highlighting the “silent” way women make the most relevant decisions. Therefore, this study questions whether it is still relevant to discuss the formal role of women or whether it is more pertinent to investigate their explicit or implicit power in making strategic decisions in family businesses.
Robust denoising-oriented point cloud plane fitting method based on a combined model of improved Cook’s distance and WTLS
Authors: Wu Chongjun , Shu Dengdeng , Zhou Hu , Fu Zuchao
Published: October 2022

Purpose

In order to improve the robustness to noise in point cloud plane fitting, a combined model of improved Cook’s distance (ICOOK) and WTLS is proposed by setting a modified Cook’s increment, which could help adaptively remove the noise points that exceeds the threshold.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a robust point cloud plane fitting method based on ICOOK and WTLS to improve the robustness to noise in point cloud fitting. The ICOOK to denoise the initial point cloud was set and verified with experiments. In the meanwhile, weighted total least squares method (WTLS) was adopted to perform plane fitting on the denoised point cloud set to obtain the plane equation.

Findings

(a) A threshold-adaptive Cook’s distance method is designed, which can automatically match a suitable threshold. (b) The ICOOK is fused with the WTLS method, and the simulation experiments and the actual fitting of the surface of the DD motor are carried out to verify the actual application. (c) The results shows that the plane fitting accuracy and unit weight variance of the algorithm in this paper are substantially enhanced.

Originality/value

The existing point cloud plane fitting methods are not robust to noise, so a robust point cloud plane fitting method based on a combined model of ICOOK and WTLS is proposed. The existing point cloud plane fitting methods are not robust to noise, so a robust point cloud plane fitting method based on a combined model of ICOOK and WTLS is proposed.
The influence of ethical principles and policy awareness priming on university students’ judgements about ICT code of conduct compliance
Authors: Richards Deborah , Nazeer Khan Salma Banu , Formosa Paul , Bankins Sarah
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To protect information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and resources against poor cyber hygiene behaviours, organisations commonly require internal users to confirm they will abide by an ICT Code of Conduct. Before commencing enrolment, university students sign ICT policies, however, individuals can ignore or act contrary to these policies. This study aims to evaluate whether students can apply ICT Codes of Conduct and explores viable approaches for ensuring that students understand how to act ethically and in accordance with such codes.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors designed a between-subjects experiment involving 260 students’ responses to five scenario-pairs that involve breach/non-breach of a university’s ICT policy following a priming intervention to heighten awareness of ICT policy or relevant ethical principles, with a control group receiving no priming.

Findings

This study found a significant difference in students’ responses to the breach versus non-breach cases, indicating their ability to apply the ICT Code of Conduct. Qualitative comments revealed the priming materials influenced their reasoning.

Research limitations/implications

The authors’ priming interventions were inadequate for improving breach recognition compared to the control group. More nuanced and targeted priming interventions are suggested for future studies.

Practical implications

Appropriate application of ICT Code of Conduct can be measured by collecting student/employee responses to breach/non-breach scenario pairs based on the Code and embedded with ethical principles.

Social implications

Shared awareness and protection of ICT resources.

Originality/value

Compliance with ICT Codes of Conduct by students is under-investigated. This study shows that code-based scenarios can measure understanding and suggest that targeted priming might offer a non-resource intensive training approach.
Do clean development mechanisms promote sustainable development in Brazil? a cross-sectoral investigation
Authors: Gurfinkel M. Godoy Sara , Macchione Saes Maria Sylvia , Schnaider Paula Sarita Bigio , Castro Souza Piao Roberta
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper intends to verify the extent to which Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects intend to contribute to sustainable development (SD) in Brazil, one of the top three leading countries in terms of the number of CDM projects. The authors assess the impact of CDMs not only in environmental aspects, but also social and economic ones.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors define a set of qualitative sustainability indicators and scrutinize documents regarding a sample of almost half of all the projects registered in Brazil between 2004 and 2020 (219 projects).

Findings

The findings of this study contradict many previous studies finding very limited evidence of SD in CDMs in many different countries: most projects in Brazil intend to contribute to some extent with SD, with 91% and 75% claiming to improve social and economic aspects, respectively.

Practical implications

The authors derive lessons from Brazil that can be used in other researches.

Social implications

The authors derive lessons from Brazil and propose paths for public policy toward encouraging sustainable development.

Originality/value

The empirical data set relies on data collected directly from each of the projects in Brazil (roughly half of all of them) between 2004 and 2020. This is not only up to date, but pushes further the analytical scope of previous works.
Replacing staff with students to monitor LibChat service: transition process and lessons learned
Authors: Goss Harold , Decker Emy Nelson
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This article aims to detail the incorporation of student assistants into a newly implemented chat service. It details the approaches used for training students and developing the chat repertoire.

Design/methodology/approach

This article reviews the existing literature on the topics of student assistants participating in library reference services and peer-to-peer engagement. It then details the first step of the transition process used for moving primary chat monitoring responsibility to library student assistants and away from staff and librarians as it existed previously.

Findings

Incorporating student assistants into the chat rotation was beneficial to the libraries and to the students participating in the chat service. While librarians and staff enjoyed help in covering the hours, student assistants learned research skills on the job that would potentially assist them in completing their course assignments.

Originality/value

Utilizing student assistants in library chat services is becoming increasingly popular with budget cuts and the scheduling demands that continue to grow for librarians and library staff. This article provides context for incorporating students and shows the value that the students receive via their participation in a chat service.
Numerical modelling of the delamination in multi-layered ceramic capacitor during the thermal reflow process
Authors: Ng Fei Chong , Abas Aizat , Ramli Mohamad Riduwan , Mohd Sharif Mohamad Fikri , Che Ani Fakhrozi
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to study the interfacial delamination found in the boundary of the copper/copper-epoxy layers of a multi-layer ceramic capacitor.

Design/methodology/approach

The thermal reflow process of the capacitor assembly and the crack propagation from the initial micro voids presented in the boundary, and later manifested into delamination, were numerically simulated. Besides, the cross section of the capacitor assembly was inspected for delamination cracks and voids using a scanning electronic microscope.

Findings

Interfacial delamination in the boundary of copper/copper-epoxy layers was caused by the thermal mismatch and growth of micro voids during the thermal reflow process. The maximum deformation on the capacitor during reflow was 2.370 µm. It was found that a larger void would induce higher vicinity stress, mode I stress intensity factor, and crack elongation rate. Moreover, the crack extension increased with the exerted deformation until 0.3 µm, before saturating at the peak crack extension of around 0.078 µm.

Practical implications

The root cause of interfacial delamination issues in capacitors due to thermal reflow has been identified, and viable solutions proposed. These can eliminate the additional manufacturing cost and lead time incurred in identifying and tackling the issues; as well as benefit end-users, by promoting the electronic device reliability and performance.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the mechanism of delamination occurrence in a capacitor during has not been reported to date. The parametric variation analysis of the void size and deformation on the crack growth has never been conducted.
Blame games and democratic responsiveness
Authors: HINTERLEITNER MARKUS
Published: October 2022

The link between opinion and policy is central to the functioning of representative democracy. Democracies are responsive to their citizens’ preferences if citizens can influence governments’ policy output. This article conceptualizes political blame games about policy controversies as venues of democratic responsiveness to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the opinion‐policy link in policy‐heavy, conflictual democracies. The article shows how political actors convert public feedback to a policy controversy into blame game interactions, which in turn lead to political and policy responses by the government. A comparative‐historical analysis of nine blame games in the United Kingdom, Germany and Switzerland reveals how institutions structure blame game interactions, and thus influence a political system's responsiveness during blame games. The analysis suggests that an important, yet neglected, expression of democratic quality of political systems is their ability to translate blame game interactions into policy responses. The study of blame games as venues of democratic responsiveness thus provides a new conceptual tool for assessing the health of representative democracies in more conflictual times.
Host genetic requirements for DNA release of lactococcal phage TP901‐1
Authors: Ruiz‐Cruz Sofía , Erazo Garzon Andrea , Kelleher Philip , Bottacini Francesca , Breum Solvej Østergaard , Neve Horst , Heller Knut J. , Vogensen Finn K. , Palussière Simon , Courtin Pascal , Chapot‐Chartier Marie‐Pierre , Vinogradov Evgeny , Sadovskaya Irina , Mahony Jennifer , van Sinderen Douwe
Published: October 2022

The first step in phage infection is the recognition of, and adsorption to, a receptor located on the host cell surface. This reversible host adsorption step is commonly followed by an irreversible event, which involves phage DNA delivery or release into the bacterial cytoplasm. The molecular components that trigger this latter event are unknown for most phages of Gram‐positive bacteria. In the current study, we present a comparative genome analysis of three mutants of Lactococcus cremoris 3107, which are resistant to the P335 group phage TP901‐1 due to mutations that affect TP901‐1 DNA release. Through genetic complementation and phage infection assays, a predicted lactococcal three‐component glycosylation system (TGS) was shown to be required for TP901‐1 infection. Major cell wall saccharidic components were analysed, but no differences were found. However, heterologous gene expression experiments indicate that this TGS is involved in the glucosylation of a cell envelope‐associated component that triggers TP901‐1 DNA release. To date, a saccharide modification has not been implicated in the DNA delivery process of a Gram‐positive infecting phage.
Joint operation rules considering the uncertainty of energy available for multiple cascaded hydropower system
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Cheng Ruixiang , Cheng Chuntian , Ying Qilin
Published: October 2022

Multi‐reservoir operation rules have been widely used in practice operation. The operation rules are often derived from historical or simulated run‐off information through implicit stochastic optimization or parameterization‐simulation‐optimization. The output decisions of operation rules are usually obtained without considering inflow forecasting or using perfect runoff forecast information, which is hardly implemented in practical applications. This paper proposes robust joint operation rules for multiple cascaded reservoirs considering the uncertainty of energy available. The rule parameters are optimized using multi‐step genetic algorithm for minimum‐power maximization. A case study for a three‐cascaded‐reservoirs system shows that, compared with deterministic joint operation rules, the accuracy of energy available estimation of joint operation rules is increased by 2.3%, considering inflow uncertainty. The simulated minimum‐power decision of joint operation rules considering the uncertainty of energy available is 40.4% higher than that of determinate joint operation rules. Results indicate that there is a possibility of obtaining greater and more effective power decisions through the joint operation rules considering the uncertainty of available energy.
The effect of primary tumour resection on patients with synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab‐containing regimens
Authors: Sertesen Elif , Yekedüz Emre , Köksoy Elif Berna , Ürün Yüksel , Erkek Ayhan Bülent , Demirci Salim , Ünal Ali Ekrem , Utkan Güngör
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aims to assess the effect of primary tumour resection (PTR) on patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with cetuximab.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary cancer center in Turkey. Patients with mCRC between January 2009 and December 2020 were extracted from the electronic hospital management system. Patients with RAS wild‐type synchronous metastatic left‐sided colon or rectum cancer who had cetuximab‐containing treatment protocol were included in the study. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). The secondary outcome was response rates.

Results

A total of 111 patients with mCRC were included in this study. PTR was performed in 57.7% of all patients. Fifty‐nine (53.2%) and 52 (46.8%) patients had rectal and left colon tumours, respectively. The combination treatment with cetuximab was FOLFIRI in 62.2% and FOLFOX in 29.7% of all patients. In subgroup analysis, the median PFS was 7.9 and 9 months in PTR (+) and PTR (−) patients, respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.3). The median OS was 33 months in all patients. In subgroup analysis, the median OS was 39 and 27.9 months in PTR (+) and PTR (−) patients, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P = 0.002). After adjusting for confounding factors, PTR and ECOG performance score were the independent prognostic factors for OS.

Conclusion

PTR improved the OS in patients with RAS wild‐type synchronous left‐sided colon or rectum cancer treated with cetuximab‐containing chemotherapy regimens.
(Infra)structural Discontinuity: Capital, Labour, and Technological Change
Authors: Cole Matthew
Published: October 2022

The so‐called age of AI, industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, etc. all attempt to conjure into existence a new technological paradigm. Should we believe the hype? This paper draws on neo‐Schumpeterian and régulation theory to widen the scope of this debate and examine techno‐economic and institutional discontinuities. In exploring these discontinuities, this paper argues, first, that growth regimes are not necessarily tenable as indicators of new paradigms, and, second, that there are (infra)structural discontinuities between the ICT/post‐Fordist era and those of the AI/platform era. Platformisation entails a distinct institutional logic, regime of accumulation (RA) and mode of social régulation (MSR). The clusters of technological and institutional changes behind this shift have not yet been sufficiently addressed by economic geography and associated literatures. In reconceptualising the shift in terms of (infra)structural discontinuity, the paper synthesises neo‐Schumpeterian and régulation theory to identify both technological and institutional changes in the régulation of capitalist accumulation.
Extraction and the Ocean “Frontier”: Dispossession, Exclusion, and Resistance in Namibia
Authors: Carver Rosanna
Published: October 2022

The perceived neglect of the ocean to state and industry actors has seen frontier rhetoric emerge as it is rendered visible under the Blue Economy agenda. By framing the marine scape as underutilised, capitalist expansion is being legitimised. Drawing on the case of Namibia, I argue that the afterlives of colonialism and apartheid are being repurposed to present the ocean as a Blue Economy opportunity. The physical disconnection of citizens from the marine scape, and the dominance of fishing and mining industries, has been used by state and development actors to present it as empty of socio‐cultural relations. However, to declare Namibia’s coasts and ocean as forgotten unless articulated through capital is to conceal that they have been labelled “no‐go” zones. I argue that, by considering exclusions and looking beyond proximity in discussions of equity and representation, the marine scape is articulated by civil society, to elucidate forms of resistance.
A Platform for Art: Infrastructural Citizenship Beyond Monumentality in Toronto’s Transit Art
Authors: Enright Theresa
Published: October 2022

The flourishing of transit art globally reflects a widespread belief in the power of aesthetic practices to promote infrastructural and civic revitalisation. This article analyses how transit art engages spaces and practices of publicness and how art explores ideas of mobility in Toronto. It argues that while arts are frequently deployed to reproduce status quo relations of power and to bolster elite and exclusionary forms of urbanisation, they can also work to challenge these. Through the notion of infrastructural citizenship, I show how arts can unsettle grounds of public space and public life and illuminate the contentious relations that cohere in public transit space. Overall, I claim that transit networks are a key platform through which the politics of public art are staged and that despite existing constraints, there are many affordances for transit art to critically intervene into neoliberal urban processes.
Justice in triad: Revisiting supplier involvement in new product development
Authors: Zhang Jindan , Zou Qi , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2022

Recognizing the importance of involving suppliers in the new product development (NPD) process, extensive studies have examined this issue at a buyer–supplier dyadic level. However, how supplier involvement leads to better NPD performance is not clearly explained. Additionally, extending the dyadic relationships to triadic relationships and addressing how to manage the two competing suppliers with fair conduct remains unexplored. To answer these questions, this study developed a conceptual model theorizing the role of supplier involvement, information sharing, and justice in the NPD process within a buyer–supplier–supplier triadic relationship. Based on survey data collected from 200 U.S. firms, Structural Equation Modeling is used to test the hypothesis. The results first confirmed the criticality of involving both primary and secondary suppliers during NPD. Second, the positive effect of triadic supplier involvement on innovation performance is fully mediated by information sharing. Finally, this study explored the different roles of procedural justice and distributive justice; the results confirmed that procedural justice acts as a moderator for the relationship between triadic supplier involvement and information sharing, whereas distributive justice moderates the effect between information sharing and innovation performance. Our findings contribute to the literature of triadic supplier involvement‐new product development and relationship management. Accordingly, these findings highlight key implications for managers and policymakers.
Support for bigger government: The principle‐implementation gap and COVID‐19
Authors: Goff Sandra H. , Ifcher John , Zarghamee Homa , Reents Alex , Wade Patrick
Published: October 2022

We study the COVID‐19 pandemic's effect on government and market attitudes using within‐subject comparisons of survey responses elicited before and after the onset of the pandemic. We find that participants develop significantly less favorable opinions toward government and markets; and that participants increase support for bigger government significantly and for redistribution, in general, marginally significantly. There is no evidence this leads to an increase in support for specific redistributive policies, nor for government to play a larger role in specific functions. Our results echo the stubbornness of American preferences for redistribution and suggest the presence of a principle‐implementation gap.
Tissue‐ and cell‐expression of druggable host proteins provide insights into repurposing drugs for COVID‐19
Authors: Li Jiapeng , Xue Yanling , Wang Xinwen , Smith Logan S. , He Bing , Liu Shuhan , Zhu Hao‐Jie
Published: October 2022

Several human host proteins play important roles in the lifecycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Many drugs targeting these host proteins have been investigated as potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The tissue‐specific expressions of selected host proteins were summarized using proteomics data retrieved from the Human Protein Atlas, ProteomicsDB, Human Proteome Map databases, and a clinical COVID‐19 study. Protein expression features in different cell lines were summarized based on recent proteomics studies. The half‐maximal effective concentration or half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values were collected from in vitro studies. The pharmacokinetic data were mainly from studies in healthy subjects or non‐COVID‐19 patients. Considerable tissue‐specific expression patterns were observed for several host proteins. ACE2 expression in the lungs was significantly lower than in many other tissues (e.g., the kidneys and intestines); TMPRSS2 expression in the lungs was significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., the prostate and intestines). The expression levels of endocytosis‐associated proteins CTSL, CLTC, NPC1, and PIKfyve in the lungs were comparable to or higher than most other tissues. TMPRSS2 expression was markedly different between cell lines, which could be associated with the cell‐dependent antiviral activities of several drugs. Drug delivery receptor ICAM1 and CTSB were expressed at a higher level in the lungs than in other tissues. In conclusion, the cell‐ and tissue‐specific proteomics data could help interpret the in vitro antiviral activities of host‐directed drugs in various cells and aid the transition of the in vitro findings to clinical research to develop safe and effective therapeutics for COVID‐19.
Blood glucose response to running or cycling in individuals with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Eckstein Max L. , Aziz Faisal , Aberer Felix , Böckel Sina , Zimmer Rebecca T. , Erlmann Maximilian P. , Sourij Harald , Moser Othmar
Published: October 2022

Aims

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess how running and cycling influence the magnitude of blood glucose (BG) excursions in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ISI Web of Knowledge for publications from January 1950 until February 2021. Parameters included for analysis were population (adults and adolescents), exercise type, intensity, duration and insulin preparation. The meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the pooled mean with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of delta BG levels. In addition, sub‐group and meta‐regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of these parameters on delta BG.

Results

The database search identified 3192 articles of which 69 articles were included in the meta‐analysis. Due to crossover designs within articles, 151 different results were included for analysis. Data from 1901 exercise tests of individuals with type 1 diabetes with a mean age of 29 ± 4 years were included. Overall, exercise tests BG decreased by −3.1 mmol/L [−3.4; −2.8] within a mean duration of 46 ± 21 min. The pooled mean decrease in BG for running was −4.1 mmol/L [−4.7; −2.4], whilst the pooled mean decrease in BG for cycling was −2.7 mmol/L [−3.0; −2.4] (p < 0.0001). Overall results can be found in Table S2.

Conclusions

Running led to a larger decrease in BG in comparison to cycling. Active individuals with type 1 diabetes should be aware that current recommendations for glycaemic management need to be more specific to the mode of exercise.
Fetal cardiac capillary hemangioma resulting in tachyarrhythmia
Authors: Sakamoto Yukifumi , Okada Seigo , Maekawa Ryo , Muneuchi Jun , Sugitani Yuichiro , Ochiai Yoshie , Kamimura Tetsuro , Joo Kunihiko , Onishi Yuji , Kobayashi Masaru , Kawakami Takeshi , Motoshita Junichi , Hasegawa Shunji
Published: October 2022

We present the case of a fetus with cardiac capillary hemangioma in the right atrial cavity. The tumor showed dramatic growth between the 28th and 32nd week of gestation and resulted in tachyarrhythmia. The patient was born at the 33 weeks of gestation weighing 2430 g via urgent cesarean section because the rapidly growing cardiac tumor caused incessant tachyarrhythmia, pericardial effusion, and fetal circulatory incompetence. Coronary angiography revealed that the right coronary artery drained into the tumor. Due to hemodynamic deterioration, the patient underwent subtotal resection of the tumor on the 2nd day after birth. Histopathological examination revealed an undifferentiated capillary hemangioma. The patient was discharged at the age of 86 days, as the tachyarrhythmia and hemodynamic incompetence had subsided; however, bradycardia and intermittent atrioventricular conduction disturbance gradually developed. Capillary hemangioma, a rare primary cardiac space‐occupying tumor in children, can invade the conduction system.
Living in an urban pod: Seed predation and parasitism of bruchid beetles in a native tree species
Authors: Galfrascoli Giovana María , Calviño Ana , Chiapero Ana Laura , Fenoglio María Silvina
Published: October 2022

Urbanisation is one of the main drivers of insect species loss worldwide. However, its impacts on ecological interactions involving insects still deserve further research, especially seed predation and parasitism of seed predators.

Here, we evaluated the seed predation rate by the specialist bruchid beetle Pseudopachymerina spinipes and its parasitism rate in the native tree Vachellia caven (Fabaceae) along an urbanisation gradient in Cordoba (Argentina). Since resource availability can influence these ecological interactions, we also investigated whether seed and prey availability could affect seed predation and parasitism rates, respectively.

We sampled trees in 10 sampling sites along an urbanisation gradient estimated by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a 100 m radius. In our system, sites with low NDVI, beyond representing the low amount of vegetation cover, also indicate high surface temperature and low availability of host trees.

Seed predation in V. caven and the parasitism rate of P. spinipes were significantly reduced with increasing urbanisation. Notably, seed availability at the pod level did not affect seed predation rate, while prey availability was negatively correlated with parasitism rate.

These findings suggest a deleterious effect of urbanisation on the studied antagonistic interactions, giving no support to the idea of resource limitation effects.
Changes in soil silicon forms and availability as affected by rice straw and its biochar
Authors: Yao Donghui , Wu Jianfu , Gao Huiwen , Wu Duoji , Wei Zongqiang
Published: October 2022

Phytogenic silica (PhSi) is suggested to control silicon (Si) cycling in soil–plant systems in tropical and subtropical regions. However, the role of crop residues and its biochar as a source of available Si has not been well investigated in agricultural soils. In our study, we determined and compared the effects of rice straw and its biochar on soil Si forms and Si availability. Soil Si forms were characterised by a sequential extraction method, and soil Si availability was assessed by rice growth and soil Si extraction methods. A soil incubation experiment showed that the addition of rice straw and biochar increased plant‐available Si in soil (including mobile Si and adsorbed Si), as well as soil amorphous Si (especially in rice straw treatments). Moreover, this increase was more significant when higher Si (e.g., Si added at the rates of 1.6 and 2.0 g kg−1 soil) was added via rice straw and its biochar, which is most likely a result of PhSi dissolution. Rice‐straw biochar, particularly at higher Si addition rates, tended to have a higher efficiency in increasing soil Si availability than rice straw, mainly due to its greater proportion of readily labile Si. A rice growth pot experiment showed that it is difficult to determine the extent of Si dissolution from PhSi in rice straw using a short‐term experiment with a normal single‐season straw return rate, where the increased pH played a more crucial role in regulating soil Si availability. Our results imply that, in terms of enhancing Si availability, long‐term biochar application with abundant Si input is more effective than straw retention for improving soil fertility in subtropical and tropical regions with highly weathered soils.

Highlights

Effect of phytolith‐rich rice straw and its biochar on soil Si availability was studied.

Biochar had greater efficiency in increasing plant‐available Si in soil than rice straw.

Over the short term, Si dissolution from PhSi is insignificant with a typical single‐season straw return rate.

Increased pH played a crucial role in regulating soil Si availability in a short‐term study.
Contemporary tree growth shows altered climate memory
Authors: Peltier Drew M. P. , Anderegg William R. L. , Guo Jessica S. , Ogle Kiona
Published: October 2022

Trees are long‐lived organisms, exhibiting temporally complex growth arising from strong climatic “memory.” But conditions are becoming increasingly arid in the western USA. Using a century‐long tree‐ring network, we find altered climate memory across the entire range of a widespread western US conifer: growth is supported by precipitation falling further into the past (+15 months), while increasingly impacted by more recent temperature conditions (−8 months). Tree‐ring datasets can be biased, so we confirm altered climate memory in a second, ecologically‐sampled tree‐ring network. Predicted drought responses show trees may have also become more sensitive to repeat drought. Finally, plots near sites with relatively longer precipitation memory and shorter temperature memory had significantly lower recent mortality rates (R2 = 0.61). We argue that increased drought frequency has altered climate memory, demonstrate how non‐stationarity may arise from failure to account for memory, and suggest memory length may be predictive of future tree mortality.
The EU external border as a site of preventive (in)justice
Authors: Mitsilegas Valsamis
Published: October 2022

The aim of the article is to fill a gap in the literature on the externalisation of immigration control by focusing not on practices of extraterritorial immigration control but on the externalisation of immigration control at the EU external border. The article will examine four parallel and inter‐related trends of preventive injustice on the border: the denial of law and pushbacks, and their handling by judicial authorities and EU institutions and agencies; the emerging framework of the instrumentalisation of migration; the normalisation of border procedures based on the fiction of ‘non‐entry’; and detention of third‐country nationals at the border, to back up non‐entry policies. The article will highlight the rule of law deficit such externalisation entails.