bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging of pediatric infratentorial tumors and the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in determining tumor grade
Authors: Sathyakumar Kirthi , Mani Sunithi , Pathak Gayatri Harshe , Prabhu Krishna , Chacko Ari George , Chacko Geeta
Published: June 2020

Background

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides information about the cellular density of tumors. This feature is useful in grading and identifying different tumor types.

Purpose

To assess the value of diffusion restriction and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating pediatric infratentorial tumors.

Material and Methods

This was a retrospective review of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 82 children (age range 1–16 years) with infratentorial tumors. Histopathological grading after surgical excision/biopsy was categorized as low grade (WHO grades I and II) (n = 31; 29 pilocytic astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas) and high grade (WHO grade III and IV) (n = 51; 40 medulloblastomas, 8 anaplastic ependymomas, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma, 2 atypical rhabdoid teratoid tumors [ATRT]). MRI features and ADC values were compared among tumor types and grades using a two-tailed t test, Mann–Whitney U test for continuous data and Chi-square test for categorical variables.

Results

Diffusion restriction and low ADC value was a feature of high-grade tumors ( P<0.001). The mean ADC values of the low-grade and high-grade tumors were 1.567 × 10−3mm2/s and 0.661 × 10−3mm2/s, respectively. Using 0.9 × 10−3mm2/s as the cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for differentiating the grades was 87%, 100%, 100%, and 81.8%, respectively. Significant differences were found between the mean ADC values of the individual tumor types ( P<0.05), except between medulloblastoma and ATRT.

Conclusion

ADC values and visual assessment of diffusion restriction are useful in tumor grading. The individual tumor types can be identified by an algorithmic approach, using DWI in conjunction with other described MRI features.
The politics of karameh: Palestinian burial rites under the gun
Authors: Wahbe Randa May
Published: June 2020

For decades, Israel has held the remains of hundreds of Palestinian martyrs in secret burial sites in closed military zones called the cemeteries of numbers. Simultaneously, the Israeli police have desecrated several ancient burial sites in Jerusalem and built above them parks and other public spaces. This article examines these under-explored phenomena within the lens of Zionist colonialism to consider the ways cemeteries and spaces of death are used by the Israeli state as a mechanism of necroviolence. Through ethnographic interviews with martyrs’ families and a review of key legal documents regarding the burial of Palestinians, this article makes the case that the control and intentional negligence of dead bodies – fueled by racist ideology – are key facets of Israeli territorial acquisition.
Induced Vehicle Travel in the Environmental Review Process
Authors: Volker Jamey M. B. , Lee Amy E. , Handy Susan
Published: June 2020

If we expand roadway capacity, more drivers will come, or so economic theory suggests and a substantial body of empirical research now shows. Despite strong evidence, the “induced travel” effect is often ignored, underestimated, or misestimated in the planning process, particularly in the assessment of the environmental impacts of roadway capacity expansions. Underestimating induced travel will generally lead to overestimation of the traffic congestion relief benefits a highway expansion project might generate, along with underestimation of its environmental impacts. A major reason that induced travel tends to be underplayed in environmental analyses is that travel demand models do not typically include all of the feedback loops necessary to accurately predict the induced travel effect. We developed an online tool, based on elasticities reported in the literature, to facilitate the estimation of the induced vehicle travel impacts of roadway capacity expansion projects in California, with potential future expansion to other geographies. We describe the tool, apply it to five case study highway capacity expansion projects, and then compare the results with the induced travel estimates reported in the environmental impact analyses for those projects. Our results suggest that environmental analyses frequently fail to fully capture the induced vehicle travel effects of highway capacity expansion projects.
Are the Classic and the Congruent Arc Latarjet Procedures Equally Effective for the Treatment of Recurrent Shoulder Instability in Athletes?
Authors: Rossi Luciano A. , Tanoira Ignacio , Gorodischer Tomás , Pasqualini Ignacio , Muscolo Domingo Luis , Ranalletta Maximiliano
Published: June 2020

Background:

There is a lack of evidence in the literature comparing outcomes between the classic and the congruent arc Latarjet procedures in athletes.

Purpose:

To compare return to sports, functional outcomes, and complications between the classic and the congruent arc Latarjet procedures in athletes with recurrent glenohumeral instability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between June 2009 and June 2017, 145 athletes with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability underwent surgery with the Latarjet as a primary procedure in our institution. The classic procedure was used in 66 patients, and the congruent arc method was used in 79 patients. Return to sports, range of motion (ROM), the Rowe score, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain in sports activity, and the Athletic Shoulder Outcome Scoring System (ASOSS) were used to assess functional outcomes. Recurrences were also evaluated. The postoperative bone block position and consolidation were assessed with computed tomography.

Results:

In the total population, the mean follow-up was 41.3 months (range, 24-90 months) and the mean age was 25.3 years (range, 18-45 years). In total, 90% of patients were able to return to sports; of these, 91% returned at their preinjury level of play. No significant difference in shoulder ROM was found between preoperative and postoperative results. The Rowe, VAS, and ASOSS scores showed statistical improvement after operation ( P < .001). The Rowe score increased from a preoperative mean of 42.8 points to a postoperative mean of 95.2 points ( P < .01). Subjective pain during sports improved from 3.2 points preoperatively to 0.7 points at last follow-up ( P < .01). The ASOSS score improved significantly from a preoperative mean of 46.4 points to a postoperative mean of 88.4 points ( P < .01). No significant differences in shoulder ROM and functional scores were found between patients who received the classic vs congruent arc procedures. There were 5 recurrences (3.5%): 3 dislocations (2%) and 2 subluxations (1%). No significant difference in the recurrence rate was noted between groups. The bone block healed in 134 cases (92%).

Conclusion:

In athletes with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability, the Latarjet procedure produced excellent functional outcomes. Most athletes returned to sports at their preinjury level, and the rate of recurrence was very low, regardless of whether the patients received surgery with the classic or congruent arc technique.
Scapular Morphologic Characteristics and Rotator Cuff Tear Pattern Are Independently Associated With Chronic Pseudoparalyis: A Matched-Pair Analysis of Patients With Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Ernstbrunner Lukas , El Nashar Rany , Bouaicha Samy , Wieser Karl , Gerber Christian
Published: June 2020

Background:

It is unclear which structural parameters determine the development or the absence of chronic pseudoparalysis (PP) in patients with massive rotator cuff tears (mRCTs).

Purpose:

To determine whether scapular morphologic characteristics and extent of rotator cuff tearing are independent factors associated with chronic PP.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In this retrospective case-control study, 50 patients with chronic mRCT (≥2 fully detached tendons) and active scapular plane abduction less than 90° (PP group) were age- and sex-matched with a cohort of 50 patients with chronic mRCT and an active scapular plane abduction greater than 90° (non-PP; NPP group). Analysis of standardized, plain radiographs included measurement of the critical shoulder angle (CSA) and the acromiohumeral distance (ACHD) on anteroposterior views and measurement of posterior acromial tilt, anterior and posterior acromial coverage, and posterior acromial height on standardized outlet views. Measurements on magnetic resonance imaging included fatty muscle infiltration, anterior (subscapularis) and posterior (infraspinatus/teres minor) tear extension, and global tear extension (anterior + posterior tear extension) in the parasagittal plane.

Results:

Overall, no significant difference was found in patients’ demographic characteristics ( P > .05). Univariate analyses confirmed significant differences between the PP and NPP groups in active scapular plane abduction (51°± 22° vs 135°± 29°; P < .001). Multivariate analyses revealed independent factors associated with PP compared with the NPP group: CSA (38.2°± 4.6° vs 35.2°± 3.7°; P = .001); ACHD (4.7 ± 2.2 vs 7.3 ± 2.6 mm; P < .001); posterior acromial height (22 ± 10 vs 17 ± 7 mm; P = .005); and anterior (–9°± 21° vs 25°± 12°; P < .001) and posterior (–18°± 14° vs 2°± 14°; P < .001) tear extension. The NPP group had significantly less involvement and fatty infiltration of the subscapularis (1.4 ± 0.6) compared with the PP group (2.2 ± 0.9) ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

This study confirms that global RCT extension and the quality of the inferior half of the subscapularis are significantly associated with chronic pseudoparalysis. The study further shows that acromial morphologic characteristics are relevant in the development of pseudoparalysis. Patients with pseudoparalysis have a larger CSA, less ACHD, and a higher positioned acromion in the sagittal plane.
Jesus’ Use of Experiential Learning in the Sending of the Seventy: Implications for Ministry Practicums
Authors: Nehrbass Kenneth , Rhoades Jane
Published: June 2020

Among His many teaching techniques, Jesus used experiential learning to link the disciples’ previous knowledge with real-world experiences. This article explores Jesus’ teaching techniques in the sending of the seventy(two) into Samaritan territory (Lk. 10:1-17). We discuss Jesus’ andragogical methods in light of current experiential learning theories, especially the Joplin-Linhart model. Last, we describe how church leaders could leverage the lessons from Jesus’ use of “practicums” to help Christians reflect on their own ministry experiences.
Contamination and health risk assessment of trace elements in PM10 from mining and smelting operations in the Bor Basin, Serbia
Authors: Kurilić Sanja Mrazovac , Božilović Zvonimir , Milošević Rade
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to determine concentration, spatial distribution and human health risks of four trace elements (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni)) in particulate matter PM10 in the mining and smelting basin, Bor, in Serbia. Based on the results, it was concluded that the air in the Bor Basin does not contain significant trace element concentrations despite mining and smelting operations. The spatial distribution pattern of the analysed trace elements was consistent with the geographical position of the mining and smelting area and most densely populated part of the settlement (households and traffic), and consistent with the prevailing winds in the area. The pollution assessment indicated that trace elements As, Cd, Ni and Pb in the air come from other anthropogenic sources such as industry, heating and traffic. Calculated non-carcinogenic health risk assessments showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for the analysed trace elements. Pb and As were the most important non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults. The hazard index calculated for children indicated that theysuffered greater health risks compared with adults. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from trace elements, As, Cd and Ni, in children and adults in the mining and smelting area in Bor were found to be within acceptable ranges.
High-speed machining of aluminium alloy using vegetable oil based small quantity lubrication
Authors: Guntreddi Balakrushna , Ghosh Amitava
Published: June 2020

In an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of vegetable oil based small quantity lubrication in high-speed machining of aluminium, this study finds that its usefulness is more significant in an intermittent cutting process like end milling than in turning, where continuous cutting happens. The investigation was carried out using small quantity lubrication aerosol, produced by air atomization of sunflower oil at the rate of 100 ml/h for each cutting zone. In the high-speed turning operations, uncoated and polycrystalline diamond–tipped WC inserts were used. 5%–20% reduction of cutting force could be realized by small quantity lubrication application, compared to dry environment. The highest order of reduction was observed when the cutting velocity was increased from 700 to 1000 m/min. At lower velocities, small quantity lubrication effect was almost insignificant. However, high-speed end milling operations received substantially superior benefit by small quantity lubrication application. The reduction of feed force was 30% or more among different cutting speeds. The beneficial effect of small quantity lubrication application was significantly more in machining commercially pure 1050 grade of aluminium than 7075 alloy. The required prevalence of the thick-film lubrication at the interface of chip and tool rake for arresting any possible diffusion of aluminium to tool material was significant in the intermittent cutting since every cutting edge drew in fresh micro-droplets of lubricant before resuming cutting in its next cycle of engagement with workpiece. Interestingly, the end milling performance of small quantity lubrication–assisted uncoated carbide was so good that diamond-coated tools were not necessary. Surface roughness profiles, chip morphology and traces of built up edge formation were critically investigated and the results clearly indicated the predominantly more favourable outcome of small quantity lubrication application in end milling, compared to turning.
Design of a parallel compliance device with variable stiffness
Authors: Zhao Yong , Chen Kunyong , Yu Jue , Huang Shunzhou
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a parallel compliance device with variable translational stiffness properties. The variation of endpoint stiffness depends on the change of the spring stiffness in each limb. A synthesis algorithm for realizing the desired force compliance performance is built. Based on the proposed algorithm, a group of optimal spring stiffness can be derived. For the implementation of this device, an electromagnetic linear spring with current-controlled stiffness is developed. After testing the mechanical characteristics of the electromagnetic spring, a prototype of the parallel compliance device is built. The endpoint stiffness under different combinations of spring stiffness values is exhibited in the form of stiffness ellipsoids. A case is studied and verifies the ability of the presented compliance device to realize the desired endpoint stiffness. As the stiffness adjustment range of electromagnetic spring is limited, the bound of physically realizable stiffness of the presented compliance device is also discussed.
Effect of calcination temperature on properties of waste alkaline battery-based catalysts for deep oxidation of toluene and o-xylene
Authors: Park Young-Kwon , Kim Min Ki , Jung Sang Chul , Shim Wang Geun , Jang Seong Ho , Kim Sang Chai
Published: June 2020

To evaluate waste alkaline battery (WB) as a catalyst for deep oxidation of toluene and o-xylene, we investigated how calcination temperature influenced the catalytic activity of WB-based catalyst for catalyst preparation. Physicochemical properties of WB-based catalysts were characterized by BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) analysis, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray), TGA/DTA (thermo gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis), and H2-TPR (hydrogen temperature programmed reduction). Major elements of WB-based catalysts were carbon, manganese, zinc, and iron. The catalytic activity of WB-based catalyst was significantly influenced by calcination temperatures ranging from 300 °C–600°C. An increase calcination temperature resulted in a significant decrease in the BET surface area and concentrations of surface carbon and chlorine of the WB-based catalyst, while levels of other components increased. The average pore diameter of the WB-based catalyst calcined at 400 °C (WB (400) catalyst) was the smallest. The concentrations of manganese and iron in WB (400) catalyst were the highest, while those of manganese and iron in the WB-based catalyst calcined at 300 °C (WB (300) catalyst) were the lowest. Therefore, a good performance of WB (400) catalyst was likely due to its higher concentrations of manganese and iron and smaller pore size. When GHSV (gas hourly space velocity) was 40,000 h−1, toluene and o-xylene were completely oxidized on WB (400) catalyst at 430 °C and 440 °C, respectively.
A late-Holocene record of coastal wetland development and fire regimes in tropical northern Australia
Authors: Mackenzie Lydia , Moss Patrick , Ulm Sean
Published: June 2020

This study presents three records of environmental change during the late-Holocene from wetlands across Bentinck Island in the South Wellesley Islands, northern Australia. Radiometric dating provided ages for sediment cores with the longest chronology spanning the last 1250 cal. yr BP. Palynological results show the diverse mangrove community transitioned to woodland- and wetland-dominated vegetation over the last 850 years on the southeast coast. The key driver of this landscape change was likely late-Holocene sea level regression and coastal progradation in the Gulf of Carpentaria. This study found freshwater wetlands expanded across Bentick Island over the last 500 years, with sedges and rushes peaking in the last 350 years. Macroscopic and microscopic charcoal records, coupled with archaeological evidence, highlights the spatial and temporal variation in fire regimes across the island, reflecting the traditional fire management practices of the Kaiadilt people during the late-Holocene. This study finds a significant increase in charcoal accumulation in the 1900s when Kaiadilt fire practices were disrupted and the South Wellesley Islands were abandoned. The pollen record reflects little change in the vegetation despite the shifting fire regime, highlighting the importance of multi-proxy approaches to reconstructing past environments in tropical northern Australia where vegetation is adapted to fire.
Ki sambandha hoibe takhon he?: Locating Nachnis in the Societal Margins of Kinship in Rural Bengal
Authors: Sengupta Saloka , Narasimhan Haripriya
Published: June 2020

Na_chni na_ch, a dance form of West Bengal, is going through a difficult time in its 500-year history. The woman dancer, who is known as a nachni, performs, often at night, along with her male partner, or rasik. Her life is intricately tied with that of her rasik, which includes her status as a woman performer at public events and the observance of proper rituals upon her death. Caught in a web of exploitation, the nachni essentially has no ‘kin’. Following the work by Inden and Nicholas on Bengali kinship and its categories and meanings within Bengali culture, this article looks at the amorphous pattern of kinship for the marginalized, with a special focus on the daily lives of nachnis. It explores the networks on the margins of kinship in which women performers of this crisis-ridden folk-art form survive.
Aspects of Change Among Female Migrants: The Case of Kukis in Delhi
Authors: Kipgen Thanggoulen , Panda Biswambhar
Published: June 2020

Female migration has increased globally in the last few decades. Women no longer migrate as passive followers of husbands, family or relatives but as independent migrants, causing various changes in their socio-economic life. Drawing insights primarily from field work data, the paper examines the changing role and status of Kuki women in Delhi, India, and argues that they have moved away from their traditional domestic roles. After migration, they have occupied important positions in various organizations such as the Sum Lom, Prayer Cell, the Church and the Kuki Inpi. They now play an important role in decision-making processes in the public sphere, thereby eroding elements in the traditional patriarchal system.
Book review: Hem Borker, Madrasas and the Making of Islamic Womanhood
Authors: Swaminathan Padmini
Published: June 2020

Hem Borker, Madrasas and the Making of Islamic Womanhood. Oxford University Press, 2018, 326 pages, ₹1,195 (Hardbound), ISBN: 0-19-948422-8.
Notes from a Pakistani Newsroom
Authors: Alam Muhammad Badar
Published: June 2020

The essay describes how and why various parts of the state in Pakistan, especially its security and intelligence agencies, have embarked on a campaign to censor and silence news media through mostly quasi-legal and extra-legal measures. It does so by offering a personal account as well as narrating many other impersonal examples collected from across the Pakistani news media. It also provides a historical and commercial context to the ongoing censorship and self-censorship in the country’s newsrooms to show how the present is both similar to and different from the past.
Registration and the Closure of Stranger-Perpetrated Sex Crimes Reported to Police
Authors: Bierie David M. , Budd Kristen M.
Published: June 2020

A key goal of sex offender registration is to assist law enforcement in sexual assault investigations; to identify potential suspects when the perpetrator’s identity is unknown. To date, however, no research has assessed the utility of sex offender registries in closing cases of sexual assault when the incident involved stranger perpetrators. Addressing this gap, the study drew on the National Incident-Based Reporting System (1992–2001) to test the effect of registry implementation on closure of stranger-involved sex crimes across six states. Comparing closure speeds from before and after registration began in each state, multivariate survival models showed incidents of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault were cleared 23% to 28% faster post-registration implementation. Incidents with juvenile victims and incidents with additional crimes beyond the sexual assault also closed significantly faster (regardless of whether a registry existed).
Towards a futurist cultural studies
Authors: Powers Devon
Published: June 2020

Cultural studies is a future-oriented discipline, but it at best maintains tangential connections to futurism, a field of study devoted to the systematic study of the future. Why? This essay endeavors to answer that question. It explores how cultural studies has conceptualized ‘the future’ and identifies some of the limits of those conceptions. The article then speculates on what futurism and cultural studies might gain from more robust and purposeful integration.
Postdigital cultural studies
Authors: Murray Sarah
Published: June 2020

What should a postdigital cultural studies look like? Identifying economies of attention is central to the study of media and culture. Calling for renewed focus on attention as power, this article pairs three long-established lessons of cultural studies with three examples of contemporary digital immersion: deepfakes and manipulated media; algorithmic culture; and, the digital afterlife industry. In doing so, the critical questions that drive cultural studies emerge as ever relevant in a postdigital, post-truth landscape.
Cognitive impairment and psychological state in acute coronary syndrome patients: A prospective descriptive study at cardiac rehabilitation entry, completion and follow-up
Authors: Gallagher Robyn , Woolaston Anna , Tofler Geoffrey , Bauman Adrian , Zhao Emma , Jeon Yun-Hee , Neubeck Lis , Mitchell Julie-Anne , Naismith Sharon L
Published: June 2020

Background

Cognitive impairment may limit the uptake of secondary prevention in acute coronary syndrome patients, but is poorly understood, including in cardiac rehabilitation participants.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore cognitive impairment in relation to psychological state in acute coronary syndrome patients over the course of cardiac rehabilitation and follow-up.

Methods

Acute coronary syndrome patients without diagnosed dementia were assessed on verbal learning, processing speed, executive function and visual attention, at cardiac rehabilitation entry, completion and follow-up and scores adjusted using normative data. The hospital anxiety and depression scale measured psychological state.

Results

Participants (n = 40) had an average age of 66.2 (±8.22) years and were 70% men. Mild cognitive impairment occurred at cardiac rehabilitation entry in single 62.5% and multiple 22.5% domains but was significantly less prevalent by cardiac rehabilitation completion (52.5% and 15.0%) and follow-up (32.5% and 7.0%). Domains most often impaired were verbal learning (52.5%) and processing speed (25.6%), again decreasing significantly with time (verbal learning cardiac rehabilitation completion 42.5%, follow-up 22.5%; processing speed cardiac rehabilitation completion 15.0%, follow-up 15.0%). A small group of patients had persistent multiple domain cognitive impairment. At cardiac rehabilitation entry patients with cognitive impairment in processing speed, a single domain or multiple domains had more depression, and patients with cognitive impairment in executive function had more depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

At cardiac rehabilitation entry, mild cognitive impairment is very common in post-acute coronary syndrome patients and worse in patients who have depression or anxiety symptoms. Cognitive impairment decreases significantly by cardiac rehabilitation follow-up. A small proportion of patients has persistent, multiple domain cognitive impairment flagging potential long-term changes and the need for further investigations and cognitive rehabilitation.
Geometrical modeling of 3D woven honeycomb fabric for manufacturing of lightweight sandwich composite material
Authors: Tripathi Lekhani , Neje Ghanshyam , Behera Bijoya Kumar
Published: June 2020

Sandwich structures with composite honeycomb core and skin have been mostly used for a variety of engineering applications. There are different man-made honeycomb structures with metal, polymer, and paper honeycomb cell geometry which provide minimum weight, least material content and minimal material cost. In this paper, the textile fiber-based 3 D woven honeycomb structure is engineered by using fabric geometrical parameters and mathematical expressions have been developed to calculate the repeat unit weight, fiber volume fraction (FVF) and specific weight of 3 D woven honeycomb structures. Five 3 D woven honeycomb fabric samples with different cell sizes were produced using model-based construction parameters on a customized rapier weaving machine. Fabric dimensional parameters were determined experimentally to validate the model value with actual results. A reasonably high agreement was observed between experimental and theoretical values. The model can be used as a tool to engineer woven honeycomb reinforcement architecture to produce lightweight structural composite materials.
Three-dimensional geometry, pore parameter, and fractal characteristic analyses of medium-density fiberboard by X-ray tomography, coupling with scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry
Authors: Shao Huiqi , Guo Zhongbao , Li Wenhui , Fang Lei , Qin Menghao , Cai Hanmei , Zhang Yan , Guan Bo , Wu Chuandong , Liu Jiemin
Published: June 2020

Pore structure parameters are significant for investigating the diffusion properties of volatile organic compounds from building materials. Traditional characterization methods could provide ether surface morphology or some pore parameters of the material, which could not comprehensively reflect the overall information. X-ray tomography, as an advanced nondestructive method, can not only characterize the three-dimensional structure characteristics but also comprehensively measure pore parameters of materials. This study applied X-ray tomography to systematically analyze the geometry and volatile organic compound emission paths of medium-density fiberboard. The three-dimensional structures of pores and materials were reconstructed respectively. The isolated pores and connective pores were extracted to indicate the pore connectivity, and skeletonization was simultaneously applied, allowing visualization of the volatile organic compound diffusion paths. The porosity was 54.67%, and 99.91% of the pores were connective pores. The tortuosity was 2.07, and the fractal dimension was 2.605, indicating the heterogeneity and self-similarity of pore structures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the two-dimensional morphology of the material, and mercury intrusion porosimetry was applied to analyze the pore parameters. The results were consistent with that of X-ray tomography, and their coupling with X-ray tomography could comprehensively characterize the structures and parameters of indoor building materials, which could contribute significantly to future research on volatile organic compound emission mechanisms and building physics.
Investigating the grip forces exerted by individuals with and without hand arthritis while swinging a golf club with the use of a new wearable sensor technology
Authors: Holland Sara , Dickey James , Ferreira Louis , Lalone Emily
Published: June 2020

Hand arthritis is the leading cause of disability in individuals over the age of 50, causing impairments in grip strength and range of motion. Golf is often recommended to patients with hand arthritis as a low-impact sport to maintain a healthy lifestyle. As such, numerous “arthritic” golf grips have been marketed, but lack quantitative measures to justify their use. The objective of this study was to quantify the differences in total applied grip force in golfers with/without hand arthritis using several types of golf grips. Twenty-seven participants (17 without and 10 with hand arthritis) were evaluated swinging mid-iron clubs with 12 different golf grip designs (9 standard and 3 “arthritic”). The trail hand thumb, index, middle, and ring finger applied grip forces were measured using the wireless FingerTPS system. Finger grip configuration (finger joint angles) of the thumb and index were measured using the Dartfish Movement Analysis Software paired with the newly developed Grip Configuration Model to obtain grip range of motion. Results indicated that golfers with hand arthritis had a significant deficit of 45% golf grip strength (P = 0.02). In addition, individuals with hand arthritis exhibited larger forces in 11 out of 12 golf grips tested when compared with their maximum golf grip strength. Despite how these grips are marketed, there are no “savings” in finger force or grip configuration when using the “arthritic” designed golf grips. Therefore, these grips may not be beneficial for patients with hand arthritis.
Functional outcome following arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears is equal to smaller rotator cuff tears: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Leow Jun M , Krahelski Oliver , Keenan Oisin JF , Clement Nicholas D , McBirnie Julie M
Published: June 2020

Background

There is a paucity of studies comparing patient-reported outcomes of arthroscopic massive rotator cuff repairs against non-massive rotator cuff repairs. The aim of this study is to assess the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Oxford Shoulder Score at a minimum of one-year follow-up according to the size of the rotator cuff tear.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was undertaken. All patients underwent rotator cuff repairs using the same technique by a single surgeon. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Oxford Shoulder Score were collected pre-operatively and at final review with a minimum follow-up of one year. Patients with massive rotator cuff repairs were compared to patients who had non-massive rotator cuff repairs.

Results

Eighty-two patients were included in the study of which 42 (51%) underwent massive rotator cuff repair. The mean follow-up period was 17.5 months. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire improved significantly (p < 0.001) from 46.1 pre-operatively to 15.6 at final follow-up for massive rotator cuff repairs. Oxford Shoulder Score improved significantly (p < 0.001) from 26.9 pre-operatively to 41.4 at final follow-up for massive rotator cuff repairs. There was no significant difference in the final Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (p = 0.35) or Oxford Shoulder Score (p = 0.45) between the groups. No revision surgery was required within the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic massive rotator cuff repairs have comparable functional outcome to smaller rotator cuff repair in the short-term and should be considered in a selected group of patients.
Factors associated with sepsis risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a nationwide study
Authors: Chao Wen-Cheng , Wang Chen-Yu , Hsu Bo-Chueh , Lin Ching-Heng , Huang Wen-Nan , Chen Yi-Hsing , Wu Chieh-Liang , Chen Hsin-Hua
Published: June 2020

Background:

Risk factors for sepsis have not been assessed in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) who are vulnerable to serious/hospitalized infections.

Methods:

Data from 2003–2017 were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients receiving TNFi, including etanercept, adalimumab, and golimumab, for IMIDs including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate risk factors for sepsis, we used the Sepsis-3 definition and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression analysis.

Results:

There were 17,764 patients (mean age 49.3 ± 14.3 years; females, 57.6%) receiving TNFi for IMIDs, including RA (58.6%), AS (19.1%), PsO (15.1%), PsA (2.5%), CD (3.0%), and UC (1.7%). The overall incidence rate of sepsis was 1088 per 100,000 person-years. After adjustment for potential confounders, recent sepsis within 3 months before TNFi initiation (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.73–3.20), CD (HR, 3.36; 95% CI 2.11–5.34; reference group: AS) and glucocorticoid use (prednisolone-equivalent dose, mg/day HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05–1.06) were associated with the risk of sepsis. Intriguingly, golimumab users appeared to have a lower risk of sepsis compared with etanercept users (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.83). In addition, socioeconomic status, including urbanization level and insured amount, was associated with sepsis in a dose-response manner.

Conclusions:

Recent sepsis, CD, concomitant glucocorticoid use, and low socioeconomic status, which were associated with an increased risk of sepsis, are crucial for individualized risk management plans.
The Association of Hypophosphatemia With Resistant Lactic Acidosis in Critical Care Illness
Authors: Essa Amr , Kousa Omar , Awad Dana , Stevenson Makenzi , DeVrieze Bradley , Moore Douglas
Published: June 2020

Critically ill patients are known to have a variety of electrolyte abnormalities. Lactic acidosis can frequently be seen secondary to shock states and is usually treated with aggressive volume resuscitation. Interestingly, hypophosphatemia is a potential cause of resistant lactic acidosis, which may not be as commonly identified or considered. We present a case of a 42-year-old man admitted twice over a span of 6 months with an elevated lactate level that did not resolve with volume resuscitation. It was ultimately determined that his lactic acidosis was due to hypophosphatemia after ruling out other potential causes. Phosphate replacement therapy resulted in the normalization of his lactate. In the literature, multiple theories have indicated the association of hypophosphatemia with lactic acidosis though no prior cases exist supporting a direct relationship. In this case, we set forth to evaluate the complicated relationship between all of these factors and to highlight the importance of early detection and treatment of hypophosphatemia, which may be beneficial in treating lactic acidosis.
Do Older Skiers Have Worse Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared With Non-Skiers or Younger Skiers?
Authors: Schumacher Alexandra N. , Houck Darby A. , Vidal Armando F. , Wolcott Michelle L. , McCarty Eric C. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Frank Rachel M.
Published: June 2020

Background:

There remains a paucity of literature comparing clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between skiers and non-skiers, particularly in older patient populations.

Purpose:

To compare clinical outcomes after ACLR between skiers and non-skiers, with a subanalysis based on age.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A nested cohort of 128 patients from the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network cohort who underwent primary ACLR completed a series of patient-reported outcomes pre- and postoperatively at 2 and 6 years including the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Activity Rating Scale, and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Data including patient sex, age at surgery, graft type, and sport participation were analyzed. Patients were stratified by participation in skiing (skiers vs non-skiers) and by age subgroup (≤29, 30-39, and ≥40 years). Student t tests and analysis of variance were used to compare mean improvement between pre- and postoperative outcomes.

Results:

A total of 44 skiers (female, 59.1%; age, 35.3 ± 11.6 years) and 84 non-skiers (female, 34.5%; age, 27.7 ± 11.3 years) were included. ACLR was performed using allograft in 36.7% (22 skiers, 25 non-skiers), autograft in 58.6% (19 skiers, 56 non-skiers), or hybrid autograft-allograft in 4.7% (3 skiers, 3 non-skiers). Although both non-skiers and skiers demonstrated improvements in outcomes from baseline to 2 and 6 years, non-skiers demonstrated significantly less overall improvement from 2 to 6 years postoperatively in KOOS Symptoms ( P = .01), KOOS Pain ( P = .002), and KOOS Activities of Daily Living ( P = .03) subscales compared with skiers. There were 15 skiers who were 29 years or younger (34.1%), 14 skiers between 30 and 39 years (31.8%), and 15 skiers 40 years or older (34.1%). Skiers 40 years and older demonstrated significantly greater mean improvement in KOOS Symptoms ( P = .02) and KOOS Quality of Life (QoL) ( P = .01) subscales at 2 years and KOOS QoL ( P = .01) at 6 years postoperatively compared with skiers 29 years or younger.

Conclusion:

Compared with non-skiers, skiers demonstrated significantly greater mean improvements in KOOS scores between 2 and 6 years after ACLR. In addition, skiers 40 years or older showed greater improvement in KOOS QoL compared with younger skiers. This information can be used to counsel skiers, especially those older than 40 years, as to their expected outcomes after ACLR.
Use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) for Operative Shoulder Outcomes
Authors: Schwarz Ilona , Smith John-Rudolph H. , Houck Darby A. , Frank Rachel M. , Bravman Jonathan T. , McCarty Eric C.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Few studies have investigated the relationship between the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and legacy patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurements.

Purpose:

To compare patient-reported outcomes from the PROMIS physical function (PF) and upper extremity (UE) platforms against one another and against legacy PRO measurements to assess the potential strengths and weaknesses of the National Institutes of Health PROMIS initiative and expand on the use of PRO measurements in clinical orthopaedic practice.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All English-language studies published between 2017 and 2019 using PROMIS to evaluate patients for shoulder surgery were analyzed. PROs were compared based on survey administered and the shoulder condition being investigated. Study quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score.

Results:

We included 9 studies (5 studies were level 2; 3 studies were level 3; 1 study was level 4) encompassing a total of 1130 patients (60.2% male; mean age, 52.6 ± 16.5 years; mean BMI, 29.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Of these, 6 studies administered the PROMIS PF, and 6 studies administered the PROMIS UE. The strongest correlation was between PROMIS PF computer adaptive test and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Global Health (SF-36 GH) ( r = 0.75). The highest overall correlation with the PROMIS UE was found with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score ( r = 0.70). The lowest correlations were found between PROMIS PF and the Marx Shoulder Activity Scale ( r = 0.08) and the PROMIS UE and the Marx Shoulder Activity Scale ( r = 0.18).

Conclusion:

From available data, the PROMIS PF and PROMIS UE were most closely correlated with outcomes measured by the SF-36 GH. The PROMIS UE alone was most correlated with ASES Shoulder Score. Thus, either PROMIS PF or UE may provide a possible alternative to legacy PRO measurements but with a lower overall number of questions and higher generalizability. Future research should compare the time and question burden of the various PROMIS platforms with a more consistent evaluation of standard PRO measurements.
Learning Through Practice: The Design and Implementation of an Advanced Integrative Practicum for DrPH Students
Authors: Hemingway Bree L. , Felicitas-Perkins Jamie Q. , Johnson C. Anderson , Osur Michael , Peterson Darleen V. , Orr Jay , Gatto Nicole M.
Published: June 2020

Students enrolled in Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) programs accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health complete an applied practice experience resulting in an advanced project. This requirement can vary by program, but it commonly occurs as a singular experience after students have begun coursework. In 2016, we assessed the practicum component for the Doctor of Public Health degree at Claremont Graduate University. We sought feedback from employers and reviewed other professional programs with required practice experiences. Data indicated that successful experiences integrated didactic coursework with practice, suggesting the design of an embedded format versus a stand-alone requirement. The Advanced Integrative Practicum (AIP) was launched in Fall 2017 through a partnership between Claremont Graduate University School of Community and Global Health and Riverside University Health System. The practicum series began with an introduction to the health system through rotations led by Riverside University Health System (AIP-A), continued with students engaging with experts to propose solutions to public health issues (AIP-B), and concluded with a high-level practice-based project (AIP-C) where students, under supervision of a mentor at an external entity, implement projects. Qualitative data obtained through final written syntheses indicated that a majority of students feel the experience was integral to their DrPH training. Steps were taken to address threats to sustainability and a program component that seemed not sufficiently engaging. Although the practicum was not continued in its piloted form, best practices were realized as were lessons learned, ultimately leading to broader modifications in the DrPH program curriculum.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Children Exposed to Nonpharmacologically Treated Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: Results From 2 Independent Cohorts
Authors: Stonawski Valeska , Roetner Jakob , Goecke Tamme W , Fasching Peter A , Beckmann Matthias W , Kornhuber Johannes , Kratz Oliver , Moll Gunther H , Eichler Anna , Heinrich Hartmut , Frey Stefan
Published: June 2020

Background:

Maternal depressive symptoms are a common phenomenon during pregnancy and are related to negative outcomes for child development and health. Modifications in child DNA methylation are discussed as an underlying mechanism for the association between prenatal depressive symptoms and alterations in child outcomes. However, formerly reported genome-wide associations have yet to be replicated.

Methods:

In an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), alterations of DNA methylation related to maternal prenatal depressive symptoms were investigated in buccal cell samples from 174 children (n = 52 exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms; 6-9 years old) of the German longitudinal study FRAMES-FRANCES. Whole blood samples from the independent, age-comparable ARIES subsample of the ARIES/ALSPAC study (n = 641; n = 159 exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms; 7-8 years old) were examined as a confirmation sample. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. DNA methylation was analyzed with the Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. Modifications in single CpGs, regions, and biological pathways were investigated. Results were adjusted for age and birth outcomes as well as postnatal and current maternal depressive symptoms. Analyses were performed for the whole sample as well as separated for sex.

Results:

The EWAS yielded no differentially methylated CpG or region as well as no accordance between samples withstanding correction for multiple testing. In pathway analyses, no overlapping functional domain was found to be enriched for either sample. A comparison of current and former findings suggests some overlapping methylation modifications from infancy to childhood. Results suggest that there might be sex-specific differential methylation, which should be further investigated in additional studies.

Conclusions:

The current, mainly nonsignificant, results challenge the assumption of consistent modifications of DNA methylation in children exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms. Despite the relatively small sample size used in this study, this lack of significant results may reflect diverse issues of environmental epigenetic studies, which need to be addressed in future research.