bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helium stars exploding in circumstellar material and the origin of Type Ibn supernovae
Authors: Dessart L. , John Hillier D. , Kuncarayakti H.
Published: November 2021

Type Ibn supernovae (SNe) are a mysterious class of transients whose spectra exhibit persistently narrow He I lines, and whose bolometric light curves are typically fast evolving and overluminous at peak relative to standard Type Ibc SNe. We explore the interaction scenario of such Type Ibn SNe by performing radiation-hydrodynamics and radiative-transfer calculations. We find that standard-energy helium-star explosions within dense wind-like circumstellar material (CSM) can reach a peak luminosity of a few 1044 erg s−1 on day timescales, which is reminiscent of exceptional events such as AT 2018cow. Similar interactions but with weaker winds can lead to Type Ibc SNe with double-peak light curves and peak luminosities in the range ∼1042.2 to ∼1043 erg s−1. In contrast, the narrow spectral lines and modest peak luminosities of most Type Ibn SNe are suggestive of a low-energy explosion in an initially ≲5 M⊙ helium star, most likely arising from interacting binaries and colliding with a massive helium-rich, probably ejecta-like, CSM at ∼1015 cm. Nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative-transfer simulations of a slow-moving dense shell born out and powered by the interaction compare favorably to Type Ibn SNe such as 2006jc, 2011hw, or 2018bcc at late times and suggest a composition made of about 50% helium, a solar metallicity, and a total ejecta and CSM mass of 1–2 M⊙. A lower fractional helium abundance leads to weak or absent He I lines and thus excludes more massive configurations for observed Type Ibn SNe. Further, the dominance of Fe II emission below 5500 Å seen in Type Ibn SNe at late times is not predicted at low metallicity. Hence, despite their promising properties, Type Ibn SNe from a pulsational-pair instability in very massive stars, requiring low metallicity, probably have not been observed yet.
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1.5% potassium chloride versus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline bitartrate versus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride as local anaesthetic for adult patients undergoing surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Kalra Rinku , Gupte Shreyas , D'Cruz Thomson , Pandey Nidhi , Shah Drishti , Patnaik Ranjana
Published: November 2021

Background and objective: Administration of some additives with local anesthetics can prolong pain free period post-operatively, thereby reducing need for post-operative analgesics and improving patient comfort. Potassium chloride was found to increase duration and quality of anesthesia in various studies on brachial plexus blockade. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of 2% lignocaine with 1.5% potassium chloride, 2% lignocaine with adrenaline and 2% lignocaine (plain) in pterygomandibular nerve blocks. Materials and methods: A triple blind randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 adults, aged 18–45 years in ASA-I category, requiring surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. The subjects were divided equally into 3 groups randomly by computer generated sequence; Group 1: 2% lignocaine plus 1.5% solution of potassium chloride, group 2: 2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline and group 3: 2% plain lignocaine. Onset, duration, depth (pain) of anesthesia, patient satisfaction, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and oxygen saturation, were evaluated and compared. Results: Onset was shortest for group1 and longest for grp3, statistically highly significant difference between the 3 groups (p < 0.01). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in duration of surgery, duration of analgesia and VAS scores between groups 1 & 3. Duration and depth of anesthesia were comparable for groups 1 & 2. There was no statistically significant difference seen for total amount of dose used, SBP, DBP, HR and SpO2 between the 3 groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Potassium chloride, a physiological salt is inert and causes no local/systemic adverse effects when injected with lignocaine in physiologically permissible amounts. The combination achieves satisfactory onset, duration, depth of anesthesia without altering hemodynamic variables. Hence, it may be considered as a safe and effective additive.
Le système de santé chinois
Authors: Milcent Carine
Published: December 2021

Côté santé, la Chine connaît une situation paradoxale, avec des indicateurs dont la courbe de progression est spectaculaire : une espérance de vie passée de 43,7 ans en 1960 à 76,9 ans en 2019 ; des dépenses de santé à hauteur de 5,35 % du produit intérieur brut (PIB) en 2018… Mais un système décrit par de nombreux observateurs comme manquant d’efficacité et des relations excessivement tendues voire violentes [1, 2] entre, d’un côté, le personnel soignant et les médecins et, de l’autre côté, les patients et leur famille. Pour comprendre le système de santé chinois, je m’attacherai dans cette revue à le contextualiser puis je montrerai comment, face à l’incapacité à mettre en place un système fondé sur des modèles existants, ce système de santé est en train de se redessiner en développant un système alternatif de soins.
L’information comme enjeu ? La controverse autour de la géothermie profonde à l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg
Authors: Chavot Philippe , Masseran Anne , Serrano Yeny , Zoungrana Jean
Published: November 2021

Alors que le climat politique et économique semble favorable à la mise en place de projets de forages géothermiques en Alsace, une controverse éclate en 2014. Les conséquences sont importantes : sur les six projets envisagés, seuls deux débouchent sur des travaux de forage. Comment, de technologie adulée, la géothermie profonde s’est-elle transformée en problème public auquel la préfecture du Bas-Rhin et l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg doivent apporter des solutions ? Cet article revient sur les moments de la controverse en portant la focale sur les différentes arènes de débat (associatives, politiques, médias et enquêtes publiques). Il se propose notamment de suivre la trajectoire de deux groupes d’arguments : concernant les impacts environnementaux des projets, d’une part, et dénonçant le manque d’engagement de l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg dans la gestion du dossier, d’autre part. Il examine enfin les mécanismes d’appropriation et de transformation des arguments des riverains par une nouvelle gouvernance des projets qui se met en place en 2016-2017.
Introduction. L’incomplète mise en politique du sous-sol français
Authors: Arnauld de Sartre Xavier , Chailleux Sébastien
Published: November 2021

L’introduction de ce numéro spécial sur la politisation du sous-sol se propose d’analyser les utilisations du sous-sol qui émergent du fait des changements globaux et les conflits autour de ces utilisations, au travers du prisme de la politisation d’un milieu. Il part pour cela de la spécificité de ce milieu, pour lequel aucune expérience directe n’est possible et dont la connaissance et l’utilisation passent donc par le truchement de techniques. Cette caractéristique explique pour partie les formes particulières que prennent les contestations des usages du sous-sol, qui oscillent entre enrôlements des populations, contestations éruptives et critiques radicales du capitalisme. Or, les utilisations du sous-sol et leurs contestations ne conduisent pas nécessairement à une mise en politique, c’est-à-dire une mise en choix d’une option technique en matière de transition énergétique. Soumettant les articles du numéro spécial à une grille de lecture de la politisation qui implique que les utilisations soient crédibles, gouvernables et légitimes, cette introduction montre l’incomplétude de la politisation du sous-sol français.
L’engagement militant dans la recherche en agriculture urbaine. Réflexions sur le contexte français au miroir duscholar activismnord-américain
Authors: Salomon Cavin Joëlle , Boisvert Valérie , Ranocchiari Simone , Dusserre-Bresson Quentin , Poulot Monique
Published: November 2021

Cet article propose une réflexion collective sur l’engagement militant à partir de la recherche en agriculture urbaine en France et aux États-Unis. Il s’appuie sur une revue qualitative de la littérature, complétée par une série de séminaires. Ancrée dans la géographie critique et militante, la recherche sur l’agriculture urbaine aux États-Unis se concentre sur le jardinage communautaire et promeut la justice alimentaire. Dans le contexte français, les registres espaces et acteurs considérés sont beaucoup plus diversifiés et la réflexivité critique et politique comparativement moins développée. L’article se conclut par un appel à plus de réflexivité critique en ce domaine.
Développement du raisonnement clinique chez des étudiantes en sciences infirmières par la méthode SNAPPS-A : une étude pilote
Authors: Lechasseur Kathleen , Hegg Sandrine , Gagnon Johanne , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Goudreau Johanne
Published: December 2021

Contexte : Les étudiantes en sciences infirmières doivent développer leur raisonnement clinique. La méthode Summarize Narrow Analyse Probe Plan Select (SNAPPS) est une stratégie pédagogique centrée sur l’apprenante qui favorise l’expression du raisonnement clinique et des incertitudes. Objectifs : 1) Explorer l’utilisation de SNAPPS-A, une version adaptée aux sciences infirmières, lors de stages ; 2) Documenter le point de vue des étudiantes et des superviseures sur la pertinence et l’utilisation de SNAPPS-A. Méthodes : Une étude pilote exploratoire qualitative de 16 mois, dans trois milieux de stages universitaires auprès de sept dyades, utilisant une méthode d’échantillonnage de convenance a été réalisée. Les étudiantes devaient être inscrites en deuxième année de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières et accepter d’enregistrer au moins un échange SNAPPS-A. Leur superviseure devait accepter de participer à la recherche ou à l’utilisation de SNAPPS-A. Résultats : Douze enregistrements ont été réalisés auprès des sept dyades. Les étudiantes étaient des femmes (85 %) âgées entre 18 et 24 ans. Les superviseures étaient également des femmes (72 %) âgées entre 25 et 44 ans. La méthode, jugée pertinente et facile à appliquer dans tous les milieux cliniques, permet aux étudiantes d’être proactives et d’acquérir de l’autonomie. Elle a aidé les superviseures à mieux comprendre la démarche clinique et à adapter leur accompagnement en fonction des forces et faiblesses des apprenantes. Les barrières relevées sont identiques à celles mentionnées dans les écrits. Conclusion : La méthode SNAPPS-A peut s’avérer utile pour soutenir le développement du raisonnement clinique des étudiantes infirmières lors des stages.
Dix questions-clés pour avoir les idées claires sur le concept de portfolio
Authors: Demeester Anne
Published: December 2021

Messages-clés :Le portfolio est un outil d’apprentissage, d’évaluation et de développement professionnel. La démarche portfolio est un processus qui implique l’étudiant et lui permet notamment de développer ses capacités réflexives. Avant d’implanter un portfolio dans un parcours de formation, il est indispensable de se former, former les tuteurs et les étudiants.
How to operate physical showrooms: Service decision and pricing based on product quality
Authors: Guo Chunxiang , Tan Yuyang , Tan Yue
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses operation strategies of the physical showroom under e-commerce and studies joint decisions of the showroom service and pricing based on product quality. First, we propose an analytical model to capture the feature of consumer purchase behaviors and examine the three operation strategies: the cooperation operation (CO), the manufacturer operation (MO), and the e-retailer operation (RO). Then, the equilibriums in the above three strategies are obtained and analyzed based on product quality. Besides, we extend the model to the scenario of endogenous product quality. The results are as follows. First, in contrast to the conventional wisdom, we find that the optimal showroom service may decrease with product quality when the production cost coefficient is high. Second, both product quality and production cost should be considered before opening physical showrooms. When the production cost coefficient is low, the MO strategy and the RO strategy are better than the CO strategy, which means that the enterprise should open the physical showroom separately. However, when the production cost coefficient is high, the CO strategy provides the optimal showroom service and the enterprises should cooperate to balance costs and benefits. Moreover, when product quality is endogenous, our analysis reveals that the RO strategy may offer better product quality than the CO strategy when the production cost coefficient is moderate.
A Highly Durable, Self-Photosensitized Mononuclear Ruthenium Catalyst for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jung Jieun , Saito Susumu , Kamada Kenji , Okuwa Hiroko , Wakabayashi Taku , Sekizawa Keita , Sato Shunsuke , Morikawa Takeshi
Published: November 2021

A novel mononuclear ruthenium (Ru) complex bearing a PNNP-type tetradentate ligand is introduced here as a self-photosensitized catalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). When the pre-activation of the Ru complex by reaction with a base was carried out, an induction period of catalyst almost disappeared and the catalyst turnover numbers (TONs) over a reaction time of 144 h reached 307 and 489 for carbon monoxide (CO) and for formic acid (HCO2H), respectively. The complex has a long lifespan as a dual photosensitizer and reduction catalyst, due to the sterically bulky and structurally robust (PNNP)Ru framework. Isotope-labeling experiments under 13CO2 atmosphere indicate that CO and HCO2H were both produced from CO2.
Prognostic Implications of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Coronary Thrombi of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Blasco Ana , Coronado María-José , Vela Paula , Martín Paloma , Solano Jorge , Ramil Elvira , Mesquida Aína , Santos Adrián , Cózar Beatriz , Royuela Ana , García Diego , Camarzana Susana , Parra Carolina , Oteo Juan F. , Goicolea Javier , Bellas Carmen
Published: November 2021

Aims The mechanisms of coronary thrombosis can influence prognosis after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and allow for different treatment groups to be identified; an association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been suggested. Our aim was to determine the role played by NETs in coronary thrombosis and their influence on prognosis. The role of other histological features in prognosis and the association between NETs and bacteria in the coronary thrombi were also explored.

Methods and Results We studied 406 patients with STEMI in which coronary thrombi were consecutively obtained by aspiration during angioplasty between 2012 and 2018. Analysis of NETs in paraffin-embedded thrombi was based on the colocalization of specific NET components by means of confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry stains were used to identify plaque fragments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect bacteria.

NETs were detected in 51% of the thrombi (NET density, median [interquartile range]: 25% [17–38%]). The median follow-up was 47 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 43–51); 105 (26%) patients experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A significant association was found between the presence of NETs in coronary aspirates and the occurrence of MACE in the first 30 days after infarction (hazard ratio 2.82; 95% CI 1.26–6.35, p = 0.012), mainly due to cardiac deaths and stent thrombosis.

Conclusion The presence of NETs in coronary thrombi was associated with a worse prognosis soon after STEMI. In some patients, NETs could be a treatment target and a feasible way to prevent reinfarction.
Favorable Response to “Memantine” in a Child with GRIN2B Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Chidambaram Sathya , Manokaran Ranjith Kumar
Published: November 2021

GRIN2B is a gene encoding GluN2B subunit under the family of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which is responsible for neurogenesis and cognitive processes. The role of NMDA receptor antagonists like memantine is being explored for therapies in drug-resistant epilepsies. Here, we present a case of a 20-month-old boy who presented with refractory epileptic spasms. Upon failure of multiple antiepileptic drugs, he was started on oral memantine. There was a significant reduction in average seizure episodes by ∼80%. The use of memantine along with antiepileptic drug polytherapy has proved to be beneficial in our case. Our experience with memantine and favorable outcome opens up the scope of more research into the use of NMDA receptor antagonist as a drug option for refractory epilepsies with proven genetic mutation and hence improves the overall neurodevelopmental outcome and survival chance.
Congenital Central Overinflation with Mainstem Bronchial Stenosis: Pre- and Postnatal Imaging and Outcome—Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Sheth Swapnil , Ghuman Samarjit S. , Buxi Tarvinder B.S. , Sud Seema , Aggarwal Satish Kumar , Sachdev Anil
Published: November 2021

Congenital overinflation of lung is underdiagnosed prenatally as the imaging features of the same are not well described. We describe a very rare case of central variety of congenital overinflation, secondary to right mainstem bronchial stenosis, not previously described in our knowledge, which presented as an enlarged homogenous echogenic/hyperintense lung with cardio-mediastinal shift and was misdiagnosed as congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). We reviewed imaging features helpful in prenatal diagnosis of this condition on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging and discussed an approach for differential diagnosis. The congenital central overinflation may be considered in prenatal detected echogenic lung lesions with the absence of cysts or systemic arterial supply and presence of hypervascularity or dilated bronchi within the lesion.
The Majority of Boys Having Orchidopexy for Congenital Nonsyndromic Cryptorchidism during Minipuberty Exhibited Normal Reproductive Hormonal Profiles
Authors: Hildorf Simone , Hildorf Andrea E. , Clasen-Linde Erik , Cortes Dina , Walther-Larsen Søren , Li Ruili , Hutson John M. , Thorup Jorgen
Published: November 2021

Introduction The activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis that occurs in male minipuberty during the first 5 months of life is important for early germ cell development. Orchidopexy during minipuberty may improve fertility potential as the germinative epithelium may benefit from the naturally occurring gonadotropin stimulation. We hypothesize that most boys with congenital nonsyndromic cryptorchidism display normal reproductive hormonal profiles and histological findings during minipuberty.

Methods We included boys with congenital nonsyndromic cryptorchidism who underwent orchidopexy at less than 160 days of age, having no potential for spontaneous resolution clinically. At surgery, testicular biopsies and reproductive hormones were collected and compared with normal reference values. We measured the germ cells (G/T) and type A dark spermatogonia number per tubule.

Results Thirty-five boys aged 37 to 159 (median age: 124) days at orchidopexy were included, five were bilateral. G/T was below the normal lower range in 26% (9/35) of the cases. In six of these cases, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were above 97.5 percentile, whereas one case had FSH below 2.5 percentile. Totally, 97% (33/34, one FSH was missing) exhibited a normal LH/FSH ratio. LH was more often above 97.5 percentile than FSH: 34% (12/35) versus 3% (1/34, p < 0.001). Inhibin B was below 2.5 percentile in 17% (6/35) of cases who all proved FSH above normal mean and four had LH above normal mean.

Conclusion Generally, reproductive hormonal profiles of the cryptorchid boys exhibited normal minipubertal pattern. Thus, 26% of the boys had reduced germ cell number, and transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism could be suspected in few cases.
Local spin-triplet superconductivity in half-metallic manganites: A perspective platform for high-temperature topological superconductivity
Authors: Krivoruchko V. N.
Published: November 2021

Topological materials and their unusual properties are nowadays a focus of experimental and theoretical research. Promising systems where topological superconducting phases can be realized are materials with a spin-triplet superconducting state. Yet, in the nature superconductors with a spin-triplet p-wave pairing are exceptions. The experimentally accessible way to overcome this bottleneck is spin-triplet pairing induced in proximitized structures of spin-singlet superconductors with time-reversal symmetry breaking counterparts. We discuss the possibility of creating such materials using superconductor–half-metallic manganite nano-structures. A unique promising feature of the proximity-coupled hybrid structures is high-temperature local triplet superconductivity in half-metallic manganites. The experimental evidence of a latent spin-triplet pairing in half-metallic manganites is presented and conditions favoring the topological superconducting state in nanostructures based on them are discussed.
Doping from CDW to topological superconductivity: The role of defects on phonon scattering in the non-centrosymmetric PbxTaSe2
Authors: Glamazda A. , Sharafeev A. , Bohle R. , Lemmens P. , Choi K.-Y. , Chou F. C. , Sankar R.
Published: November 2021

The vibrational and electronic properties of the Pb-doped dichalcogenide PbxTaSe2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) have been investigated using Raman scattering experiments. A marked variation of the main vibrational modes with Pb concentration x is observed. The concentration dependence of the vibrational modes resembles the dependence of the vibrational modes in TaSe2 on the number of crystallographic layers along the c-axis direction. The temperature and polarization dependences of Raman spectra of PbxTaSe2 revealed additional broad modes in the low-frequency regime, which are discussed in the context of the remnant charge density wave, induced disorder, or PbSe phase formed in the interface of Pb and TaSe2 layers.
Non-blocking programmable delay line with minimal dead time and tens of picoseconds jitter
Authors: Mazin Glib , Stejskal Aleš , Dudka Michal , Ježek Miroslav
Published: November 2021

We report a non-blocking high-resolution digital delay line based on an asynchronous circuit design. Field-programmable gate array logic primitives were used as a source of delay and optimally arranged using combinatorial optimization. This approach allows for an efficient trade-off of the resolution and a delay range together with a minimized dead time operation. We demonstrate the method by implementing the delay line adjustable from 23 ns up to 1635 ns with a resolution of 10 ps. We present a detailed experimental characterization of the device focusing on thermal instability, timing jitter, and pulse spreading, which represent three main issues of the asynchronous design. We found a linear dependence of the delay on the temperature with the slope of 0.2 ps K−1 per logic primitive. We measured the timing jitter of the delay to be in the range of 7–165 ps, linearly increasing over the dynamic range of the delay. We reduced the effect of pulse spreading by introducing pulse shrinking circuits and reached the overall dead time of 4–22.5 ns within the dynamic range of the delay. The presented non-blocking delay line finds usage in applications where the dead time minimization is crucial, and tens of picoseconds of excess jitter is acceptable, such as in many advanced photonic networks.
Photophysical properties of zero-dimensional perovskites studied by PBE0 and GW+BSE methods
Authors: Yang Xiuli , Mu Sai , Shi Hongliang , Du Mao-Hua
Published: November 2021

Due to the exceptional photophysical properties and great potential applications in solid state lighting, zero-dimensional halide perovskites with broadband emitting have recently attracted much attention. In this work, to reveal the origin of the broadband absorption and emission spectra of 0D (C4N2H14Br)4SnBrxI6−x (x=3), the ground state and exciton dynamics properties have been studied by hybrid PBE0 functional and the GW+BSE method. Different self-trapped excitons (STEs) are obtained, and their emission energies by PBE0 are consistent well with experimental data. By considering the vibrational broadening of emission, our calculated full width at half maximum of emission accords well with the experiment. The absorption of free exciton and STEs is also calculated by considering the quasiparticle and excitonic effect. Our results show that these light-induced trapped states can be observed by experiments, as confirmed in other similar systems by the femtosecond transient absorption spectra.
Strong ortho/para effects in the vibrational spectrum of Cl−(H2)
Authors: Dahlmann Franziska , Lochmann Christine , Marimuthu Aravindh N. , Lara-Moreno Miguel , Stoecklin Thierry , Halvick Philippe , Raoult Maurice , Dulieu Olivier , Wild Robert , Schlemmer Stephan , Brünken Sandra , Wester Roland
Published: November 2021

The predissociation spectrum of the Cl−35(H2) complex is measured between 450 and 800 cm−1 in a multipole radiofrequency ion trap at different temperatures using the FELIX infrared free electron laser. Above a certain temperature, the removal of the Cl−(p-H2) para nuclear spin isomer by ligand exchange to the Cl−(o-H2) ortho isomer is suppressed effectively, thereby making it possible to detect the spectrum of this more weakly bound complex. At trap temperatures of 30.5 and 41.5 K, we detect two vibrational bands of Cl−(p-H2) at 510(1) and 606(1) cm−1. Using accurate quantum calculations, these bands are assigned to transitions to the inter-monomer vibrational modes (v1,v2l2) = (0, 20) and (1, 20), respectively.
Functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement based on combination of stimulated Brillouin scattering and a Mach – Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Huang Lanfeng , Li Yongjun , Zhao Shanghong , Lin Tao , Li Xuan , Wang Guodong , Zhu Zihang
Published: November 2021

A functional flexible photonics-assisted frequency measurement (PFM) is proposed. Owing to polarisation multiplexing, the electro-optic (O/E) conversion can be performed in a single optical path, which endows the system high stability and concise configuration. Moreover, using a specially designed functional coarse/accurate frequency measurement (C/AFM) module, a large covering range, moderate accuracy, and fast response frequency measurement results can be ensured in a radar warning receiver (RWR), whereas high accurate results can be used in an electronic countermeasures receiver (ECMR). The simulation results show that a strict monotonous amplitude comparison function (ACF) can be constructed based on the structure of a Mach – Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to map the signal frequency, with a measurement error of less than 0.2 GHz in the range of 1 – 31 GHz. This coarse measurement results can be used to perform radar warning. Based on this result, a highly accurate frequency measurement result is achieved through stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The results reveal that the accuracy is improved to better than 20 MHz. Noteworthy, the C/AFM module consists of purely passive devices, which makes this system meet the potential of integration.
Fleece rot and dermatophilosis (lumpy wool) in sheep: opportunities and challenges for new vaccines
Authors: Denman Stuart , Tellam Ross , Vuocolo Tony , Ingham Aaron , Wijffels Gene , James Peter , Colditz Ian
Published: November 2021

During prolonged wetting of the fleece, proliferation of bacterial flora often dominated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Dermatophilus congolensis can induce dermatitis and fleece damage termed fleece rot and dermatophilosis respectively, which predispose sheep to blowfly strike. A large research effort in the 1980s and 1990s on vaccines to control fleece rot and dermatophilosis met with limited success. This review examines theoretical and technological advances in microbial ecology, pathogenesis, immunology, vaccine development and the characterisation of microbial virulence factors that create new opportunities for development of vaccines against these diseases. Genomic technologies have now created new opportunities for examining microbial dynamics and pathogen virulence in dermatitis. An effective vaccine requires the combination of appropriate antigens with an adjuvant that elicits a protective immune response that ideally provides long-lasting protection in the field. A clinical goal informed by epidemiological, economic and animal welfare values is needed as a measure of vaccine efficacy. Due to dependence of fleece rot and dermatophilosis on sporadic wet conditions for their expression, vaccine development would be expedited by in vitro correlates of immune protection. The efficacy of vaccines is influenced by genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the animal. Advances in understanding vaccine responsiveness, immune defence in skin and immune competence in sheep should also inform any renewed efforts to develop new fleece rot and dermatophilosis vaccines. The commercial imperatives for new vaccines are likely to continue to increase as the animal welfare expectations of society intensify and reliance on pharmacotherapeutics decrease due to chemical resistance, market pressures and societal influences. Vaccines should be considered part of an integrated disease control strategy, in combination with genetic selection for general immune competence and resistance to specific diseases, as well as management practices that minimise stress and opportunities for disease transmission. The strategy could help preserve the efficacy of pharmacotherapeutics as tactical interventions to alleviate compromised welfare when adverse environmental conditions lead to a break down in integrated strategic disease control. P. aeruginosa and D. congolensis are formidable pathogens and development of effective vaccines remains a substantial challenge.
Advance care planning in dementia: a qualitative study of Australian general practitioners
Authors: Alam Adnan , Barton Christopher , Prathivadi Pallavi , Mazza Danielle
Published: November 2021

As the population ages, so does the prevalence of dementia, a condition in which timely advance care planning (ACP) is recommended. This study explored the barriers and enablers of ACP for Australian GPs caring for people with dementia. Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews informed by the theoretical domains framework (TDF) were conducted with 16 GPs from the south-east region of metropolitan Melbourne. The most prevalent domains of the TDF were: (1) environmental context and resources; (2) beliefs about consequences; and (3) social/professional role and identity. Further thematic analysis found that: (1) ACP was felt to be within the scope of general practice, but more so before the onset of dementia because lack of confidence in capacity assessment acted as a barrier once a diagnosis was made; (2) beliefs about the perceived benefits of ACP motivated GPs to engage patients in ACP; and (3) doctors felt that patients were often reluctant to discuss ACP, especially in the time-pressured context of the standard consultation. This study’s use of the TDF provides direction for potential interventions to alleviate challenges faced by Australian GPs with ACP in dementia. Improving ACP in general practice may require a focus on public health campaigns to educate patients about the benefits of ACP before the onset of dementia. GPs’ difficulty assessing a patient’s decisional capacity may be addressed through skills development workshops.
Alterations in epididymal sperm maturation caused by ageing
Authors: López-Trinidad B. P. , Vigueras-Villaseñor R. M. , Konigsberg M. , Ávalos-Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez-Tobón A. , Cortés-Barberena E. , Arteaga-Silva M. , Arenas-Ríos E.
Published: November 2021

The epididymis is an organ that performs all the biochemical changes responsible for sperm maturation. During ageing, histological alterations in the epididymis and decreased protein synthesis have been found. This might affect the sperm maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine if the changes in the epididymis during ageing might cause alterations in sperm maturation. Wistar rats of 3–4 months old (young) and 18–21 months old (old) were used. The testosterone concentration was determined and the epididymides were dissected and divided in three regions: caput, corpus, and cauda. The tissues were used for histological processing and sperm extraction. Testosterone concentration decreased 34% in the old animals compared to the young ones. The distribution of mannose, sialic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine in the glycocalyx of the sperm membrane of old animals was different from that of young animals. The same occurred with phosphatidylserine externalisation and protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues. Epididymis histology in old animals showed tubular and cellular degeneration. Our results suggest that ageing affects maturational markers, likely due to alterations in the epididymis as a result of the testosterone decrease associated with ageing.
El ‘saber habitual’
Authors: Enríquez Duque Paola
Published: November 2021

Abstracta

En el español andino ecuatoriano (EAE), el verbo saber, además de su función lexical, cumple una gramatical como auxiliar en la perífrasis de habitualidad ‘saber + VINF’. Tal gramaticalización no es resultado de una elección al azar, sino una consecuencia de la conjunción de factores internos, como la evolución de las lenguas, y de factores externos, como el contacto lingüístico. Este estudio se basa en datos empíricos de dos variedades de español en Ecuador: una de contacto con kichwa, el EAE, y otra sin contacto directo de la región de la costa. En este estudio se describen las características gramaticales de la perífrasis; se prueba que esta no es siempre equivalente a ‘soler + VINF’, como tradicionalmente se ha considerado; y se argumenta que, en el EAE, la gramaticalización de ‘saber + VINF’ es producto de la evolución propia del español y de su contacto con el kichwa.
Highlighting non-parabolic bands in semiconductors
Authors: Masut Remo A
Published: November 2021

The parabolic approximation to the dispersion relation is a simplification that has often been adopted for the electronic band structure of most semiconductors near the edges of the fundamental bandgap. A non-parabolic approximation can be justified which will better describe the properties of semiconductors of narrow bandgaps for which a reduction to a quadratic form is not accurate enough, nor always warranted. It also stands for a better approximation in III–V compounds and for more complex thermoelectric materials. Some of the consequences of adopting non-parabolic bands will be highlighted, as well as approximate expressions for statistical properties. It is emphasized that many properties of semiconductors are not difficult to calculate with non-parabolic bands, which may have a wider range of applications in actual materials. These calculations can then be introduced in solid state physics and statistical physics courses through projects and homework problem sets. Specific examples are discussed designed to clarify basic physics concepts in semiconductors.
An experiment with two bottle tops
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: November 2021

Two bottle tops are connected by a short length of string. What happens when one is given a short duration push in a direction at right angles to the string? Several answers are provided, plus a supplementary video.
End-to-end test for fractionated online adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy using a deformable anthropomorphic pelvis phantom
Authors: Elter A , Rippke C , Johnen W , Mann P , Hellwich E , Schwahofer A , Dorsch S , Buchele C , Klüter S , Karger C P
Published: November 2021

Objective. In MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) for prostate cancer treatments inter-fractional anatomy changes such as bladder and rectum fillings may be corrected by an online adaption of the treatment plan. To clinically implement such complex treatment procedures, however, specific end-to-end tests are required that are able to validate the overall accuracy of all treatment steps from pre-treatment imaging to dose delivery. Approach. In this study, an end-to-end test of a fractionated and online adapted MRgRT prostate irradiation was performed using the so-called ADAM-PETer phantom. The phantom was adapted to perform 3D polymer gel (PG) dosimetry in the prostate and rectum. Furthermore, thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) were placed at the center and on the surface of the prostate for additional dose measurements as well as for an external dose renormalization of the PG. For the end-to-end test, a total of five online adapted irradiations were applied in sequence with different bladder and rectum fillings, respectively. Main results. A good agreement of measured and planned dose was found represented by high

γ

-index passing rates (

3
%
/
3
mm

criterion) of the PG evaluation of

98.9
%

in the prostate and

93.7
%

in the rectum. TLDs used for PG renormalization at the center of the prostate showed a deviation of

−
2.3
%
.

Significance. The presented end-to-end test, which allows for 3D dose verification in the prostate and rectum, demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of fractionated and online-adapted prostate irradiations in presence of inter-fractional anatomy changes. Such tests are of high clinical importance for the commissioning of new image-guided treatment procedures such as online adaptive MRgRT.
Magneto-optic signatures in the gapped Dirac semimetal with mixed linear and parabolic dispersions of ZrTe5
Authors: You Le , Zhang Zi-Yue , Wang Yi-Xiang
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we give a systematic theoretical study on the Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-optical conductivity Re(σ

αα
) in a gapped Dirac semimetal model with mixed linear and parabolic dispersions under a magnetic field, which was recently proposed by Jiang et al (2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.

125 046403) to explain the experimental magnetoinfrared spectroscopy in the three-dimensional ZrTe5 crystal. We find that the strong magnetic field can drive the LLs become noninverted and thus the strong topological insulator phase in ZrTe5 turns to be a trivial insulator. In the different magnetic field regions, the density of states and Re(σ

αα
) can exhibit distinct signatures. Moreover, when the magnetic field is weak, a qualitative relation in Re(σ

zz
) between the peaks at the saddle points is revealed as Re

(

σ

z
z

ζ

n

)

>

Re

(

σ

z
z

Γ

)

, which is in good agreement with the experiment.
New design of large fully-steerable radio telescope reflector based on homogenized mesh structure
Authors: Yan Li-De , Zheng Fei , Rui Xi
Published: December 2021

The self-weight of a large fully-steerable radio telescope is one of the important factors affecting its performance. In the existing reflector system scheme, the problem of surface accuracy caused by its large and heavy structure has seriously restricted the application and implementation of large radio telescopes. Therefore, a new mesh structure scheme for a large fully-steerable radio telescope reflector is proposed in this paper. This scheme is based on a homogenized mesh back-up structure in the form of a quasi-geodesic grid and regular quasi-tri-prism or tetrahedron, which can significantly reduce the structural complexity and self-weight of the reflector under the condition that the reflector can meet the desired performance requirements. Finally, the feasibility and rationality of the scheme are evaluated by numerical simulation analysis, which has significant advantages and provides a new design for the reflector of a large fully-steerable radio telescope.
The first data release of LAMOST low-resolution single-epoch spectra
Authors: Bai Zhong-Rui , Zhang Hao-Tong , Yuan Hai-Long , Fan Dong-Wei , He Bo-Liang , Lei Ya-Juan , Dong Yi-Qiao , Yu Si-Cheng , Zhao Yong-Heng , Zhang Yong , Hou Yong-Hui , Chu Yao-Quan
Published: December 2021

LAMOST Data Release 5, covering ∼17 000 deg2 from –10° to 80° in declination, contains 9 million co-added low-resolution spectra of celestial objects, each spectrum combined from repeat exposure of two to tens of times during Oct 2011 to Jun 2017. In this paper, we present the spectra of individual exposures for all the objects in LAMOST Data Release 5. For each spectrum, the equivalent width of 60 lines from 11 different elements are calculated with a new method combining the actual line core and fitted line wings. For stars earlier than F type, the Balmer lines are fitted with both emission and absorption profiles once two components are detected. Radial velocity of each individual exposure is measured by minimizing χ
2 between the spectrum and its best template. The database for equivalent widths of spectral lines and radial velocities of individual spectra are available online. Radial velocity uncertainties with different stellar type and signal-to-noise ratio are quantified by comparing different exposure of the same objects. We notice that the radial velocity uncertainty depends on the time lag between observations. For stars observed in the same day and with signal-to-noise ratio higher than 20, the radial velocity uncertainty is below 5km s−1, and increases to 10 km s−1 for stars observed in different nights.
Merging strangeon stars II: the ejecta and light curves
Authors: Lai Xiao-Yu , Xia Cheng-Jun , Yu Yun-Wei , Xu Ren-Xin
Published: December 2021

The state of supranuclear matter in compact stars remains puzzling, and it is argued that pulsars could be strangeon stars. The consequences of merging double strangeon stars are worth exploring, especially in the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. To develop the “strangeon kilonova” scenario proposed in Paper I, we make a qualitative description about the evolution of ejecta and light curves for merging double strangeon stars. In the hot environment of the merger, the strangeon nuggets ejected by tidal disruption and hydrodynamical squeezing would suffer from evaporation, in which process particles, such as strangeons, neutrons and protons, are emitted. Taking into account both the evaporation of strangeon nuggets and the decay of strangeons, most of the strangeon nuggets would turn into neutrons and protons, within dozens of milliseconds after being ejected. The evaporation rates of different particles depend on temperature, and we find that the ejecta could end up with two components, with high and low opacity respectively. The high opacity component would be in the directions around the equatorial plane, and the low opacity component would be in a broad range of angular directions. The bolometric light curves show that the spin-down power of the long-lived remnant would account for the whole emission of kilonova AT2017gfo associated with GW170817, if the total ejected mass ∼ 10−3
M
⊙. The detailed picture of merging double strangeon stars is expected to be tested by future numerical simulations.
Early-fusion based pulsar identification with smart under-sampling
Authors: Zhang Shi-Chuan , Kong Xiang-Cong , Zhou Yue-Ying , Chen Ling-Yao , Zheng Xiao-Ying , Xu Chun-Ling , Lao Bao-Qiang , An Tao
Published: December 2021

The discovery of pulsars is of great significance in the field of physics and astronomy. As the astronomical equipment produces a large number of pulsar data, an algorithm for automatically identifying pulsars becomes urgent. We propose a deep learning framework for pulsar recognition. In response to the extreme imbalance between positive and negative examples and the hard negative sample issue presented in the High Time Resolution Universe Medlat Training Data, there are two coping strategies in our framework: the smart under-sampling and the improved loss function. We also apply the early-fusion strategy to integrate features obtained from different attributes before classification to improve the performance. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that integrates these strategies and techniques in pulsar recognition. The experiment results show that our framework outperforms previous works with respect to either the training time or F1 score. We can not only speed up the training time by 10 × compared with the state-of-the-art work, but also get a competitive result in terms of F1 score.
Deformation measurement by single spherical near-field intensity measurement for large reflector antenna
Authors: Ye Qian , Wang Bo-Yang , Yao Qiang , Wang Jin-Qing , Liu Qing-Hui , Shen Zhi-Qiang
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a new method to obtain the deformation distribution on the main reflector of an antenna only by measuring the electric intensity on a spherical surface with the focal point as the center of the sphere, regardless of phase. Combining the differential geometry theory with geometric optics method, this paper has derived a deformation-intensity equation to relate the surface deformation to the intensity distribution of a spherical near-field directly. Based on the finite difference method (FDM) and Gauss-Seidel iteration, deformation has been calculated from intensity simulated by geometrical optics (GO) and physical optics (PO) methods, respectively, with relatively small errors, which prove the effectiveness of the equation proposed in this paper. By means of this method, it is possible to measure the deformation only by scanning the electric intensity of a single hemispherical near-field whose area is only about 1/15 of the aperture. The measurement only needs a plane wave at any frequency as the incident wave, which means that both the signals from the outer space satellite and the far-field artificial beacon could be used as the sources. The scanning can be realized no matter what attitude and elevation angle the antenna is in because the size and angle of the hemisphere are changeable.
Effect of Water and Admixture on Foam Concrete Properties
Authors: Kim Dien Vu , Bazhenova Sofya , Van Lam Tang , Cong Ly Nguyen , Nguyen Van Duong , Phan Khanh Khanh
Published: December 2021

The paper presents mathematical modeling of additives and water’s effect on foam concrete’s compressive and flexural strength at 28 days of normal hardening. The requirements of GOST 10180-2012 determined the compressive and flexural strength of foam concrete. The initial composition of the foam concrete mix was calculated using the absolute volume method.

Results received first-order regression equations. The compressive strength and flexural strength of foam concrete depended on the relations from

x
1

(

W

O
P
C
+
B
F
S

)

to

x
3

(

S
F
90

O
P
C

)

and the image surface expression and objective function for the regression equations. The optimal value obtained: compressive strength = 8.075 MPa and flexural strength 1.087 MPa.
Artificial and natural electromagnetic structures with strongly inductive surface impedance
Authors: Bashkuev Yu B , Dembelov M G , Buyanova D G , Kh Angarkhaeva L , Naguslaeva I B
Published: December 2021

Artificial and natural electromagnetic structures with strongly inductive surface impedance are considered. The object of the research is layered structures of the “dielectric-conductor” type. The existence of impedance media with the maximum possible phase of a strongly inductive impedance in the range from a few hertz to tens of gigahertz has been established. The results of numerical modelling of the propagation of decimeter radio waves over a plane strongly inductive surface are presented, these numerical results are necessary for calculating the attenuation function W and the field level E of microwave electromagnetic waves.