bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local forming of gears by indentation of sheets
Authors: Sieczkarek Peter , Wernicke Sebastian , Weddeling Christian , Martins Paulo AF , Erman Tekkaya A
Published: July 2016

The aim and objectives of this article are to provide an analytical model for the incremental forming of gears along the direction perpendicular to the sheet thickness. The model allows determining the influence of the major process parameters in the indentation force and in the material volume undergoing plastic deformation during indentation by means of double-wedge gear tooth punches. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of superimposing tension stresses along the in-plane direction. The analytical model is built upon the slip-line theory under plane strain deformation conditions, and results are compared against those obtained from experiments in DC04 mild steel and from numerical simulations performed with the finite element method. Results show that the indentation force can be significantly reduced by stress superposition, and that a minimum distance from previous indentations is necessary to produce a new gear tooth in a material free from residual strains and stresses.
Quantitative study of roughness effect in nanoindentation on AISI316L based on simulation and experiment
Authors: Chen Ling , Ahadi Aylin , Zhou Jinming , Ståhl Jan-Eric
Published: July 2016

In nanoindentation, roughness of the sample surface can be a severe source of error in the determination of properties from indentation tests. Recently, roughness was also considered as a crucial issue in understanding the indentation size effect where a significant increase in hardness was seen with the decrease of depth. A three-dimensional roughness model with the Johnson–Cook material model is employed to study the roughness effect in nanoindentation on AISI316L stainless steel by use of finite element method. The rough surface is obtained by generating a random function in Matlab and then applying fast Fourier transform. With the quantitative analysis the mechanical properties such as the hardening and variation of the reduced modulus are found. From both the experimental and simulation results, the hardness distribution shows strengthening effect with the increased surface roughness. Both the scatter of hardness and indentation modulus increases with the increased roughness. In addition, the dependence of the pile-up effect and the contact area on the roughness is studied and analyzed.
A novel measure of poverty and its association with elevated sexual risk behavior among young Black MSM
Authors: Mena Leandro , Crosby Richard A , Geter Angelica
Published: July 2016

This study determined whether a novel (single-item) measure of poverty is associated with elevated sexual risk among young Black men who have sex with men who reside in a US city with high HIV seroprevalence. A convenience sample of 600 Black men who have sex with men (ages 16–29) completed a computer-assisted self-interview. The questionnaire included an item asking men, ‘In the past 12 months have you missed meals because you did not have enough money to eat?’ Selected measures of sexual risk and prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV were assessed as outcomes of this novel measure of poverty. About 22% had missed meals due to lack of money. In age-adjusted analyses, these men were more likely to report: (1) having concurrent sex partners ( P = .03), (2) having sex with partners who were generally five or more years older ( P = .02), (3) not using condoms the first time they had sex with their most recent new partner ( P = .015), (4) having sex with persons not known by name ( P = .02), (5) depending on sex partners for food, money, and shelter ( P < .0001), and (6) testing positive for Chlamydia at study enrollment ( P < .02). Of interest, an association in frequency of recent condomless anal sex as top ( P = .04) was observed; however, the association for recent condomless sex as bottom ( P = .37) was not significant. For young Black men who have sex with men, a novel method of assessing poverty may be predictive of many sexual risk behaviors. Clinicians may benefit this population by including this question as part of their patient interview and prioritizing services when indicated.
‘Blindness to the obvious’? Treatment experiences and feminist approaches to eating disorders
Authors: Holmes Su
Published: July 2016

Eating disorders are currently often approached as biopsychosocial problems. But the social or cultural aspects of the equation are frequently marginalised in treatment – relegated to mere contributory or facilitating factors. In contrast, feminist and socio-cultural approaches are primarily concerned with the relationship between eating disorders and the social/cultural construction of gender. Yet, although such approaches emerged directly from the work of feminist therapists, the feminist scholarship has increasingly observed, critiqued and challenged the biomedical model from a scholarly distance. As such, this article draws upon data from 15 semi-structured interviews with women in the UK context who have experience of anorexia and/or bulimia in order to explore a series of interlocking themes concerning the relationship between gender identity and treatment. In engaging the women in debate about the feminist approaches (something that has been absent from previous feminist work), the article examines how gender featured in women’s understandings of their problem, and the ways in which it was – or was not – addressed in treatment. The article also explores the women’s evaluations of the feminist discourse, and their discussions of how it might be implemented within therapeutic and clinical contexts.
Bayesian prospective detection of small area health anomalies using Kullback–Leibler divergence
Authors: Rotejanaprasert Chawarat , Lawson Andrew
Published: July 2016

Early detection of unusual health events depends on the ability to rapidly detect any substantial changes in disease, thus facilitating timely public health interventions. To assist public health practitioners to make decisions, statistical methods are adopted to assess unusual events in real time. We introduce a surveillance Kullback–Leibler measure for timely detection of disease outbreaks for small area health data. The detection methods are compared with the surveillance conditional predictive ordinate within the framework of Bayesian hierarchical Poisson modeling and applied to a case study of a group of respiratory system diseases observed weekly in South Carolina counties. Properties of the proposed surveillance techniques including timeliness and detection precision are investigated using a simulation study.
Semiparametric models for multilevel overdispersed count data with extra zeros
Authors: Mahmoodi Marzieh , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Mohammad Kazem , Faradmal Javad
Published: July 2016

This study proposes semiparametric models for analysis of hierarchical count data containing excess zeros and overdispersion simultaneously. The methods discussed in this paper handle nonlinear covariate effects through flexible semiparametric multilevel regression techniques. This is performed by providing a comprehensive comparison of semiparametric multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial and semiparametric multilevel zero-inflated generalized Poisson models under the real and simulated data. An EM algorithm based on Newton–Raphson equations for maximum penalized likelihood estimation approach is developed. The performance of the proposed models is assessed by using a Monte Carlo simulation study. We also illustrated the methods by the analysis of decayed, missing, and filled teeth of children aged 5–14 years old.
Instilling Values to Children in Conflict with the Law in a Youth Facility
Authors: Aguilar Maria Virginia G.
Published: July 2016

This study investigates how values are instilled to children in conflict with the law (CICL) in a Philippines youth facility through the houseparent–resident relationship. Although a wealth of literature has examined the condition of child residents in youth rehabilitation institutions, little is known about the relationship between the child residents and the houseparents assigned to care for them, particularly, how the values the houseparents instil in the children impacts on their rehabilitation. Through an ethnographic study of a child facility and in-depth interviews of the CICL residents and their houseparents, the study presents a rich description of the kind of relationship between these carers and their wards. The totalizing effect of the institution is mitigated by the genial relationship between the houseparents and the child residents. In particular, the Filipino values of personalism as applied by the houseparents in their parenting tasks positively impacts on the child residents they are caring for. The findings gathered from this study will provide critical information on what values the social workers, caregivers, houseparents and other staff of a youth facility should impart to the CICL to help achieve the facility’s rehabilitative goals.
Association Between Body Mass Index and Diabetes in Northeastern China
Authors: Su Yingying , Ma Yue , Rao Wenwang , Yang Guang , Wang Shibin , Fu Yingli , Liu Yingyu , Zhang Yangyu , You Yueyue , Yu Yaqin , Kou Changgui
Published: July 2016

A high body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for diabetes, although little is known about the characterization of a dose-response association adjusted for potential confounders. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2012 to August 2012; a total of 21 435 inhabitants in Jilin Province aged between 18 and 79 years were selected randomly based on multistage, stratified cluster sampling. The estimated prevalence of diabetes was 9.1% overall, 9.4% in males and 8.9% in females. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for the BMI-diabetes association were 1.337 (95% confidence interval = 1.185-1.508) and 1.696 (95% confidence interval = 1.429-2.042), respectively, for overweight and obesity. Through multivariable restricted cubic spline regression, continuous variation in BMI was found to be related to diabetes in a nonlinear manner ( P < .001) after adjustment for confounders in both different gender and different age groups, suggesting that there is an adjusted dose-response association between continuous BMI and diabetes, with substantial population-level effects.
A Comparison of Spatial Pattern Detection Methods for Major Cancer Mortality in Korea
Authors: Kim Jiyu , Lee Myeonggyun , Jung Inkyung
Published: July 2016

Spatial pattern detection can be a useful tool for understanding the geographical distribution of cancer mortality. This study compared the results from several special analysis methods to examine the geographical variations in Korean major cancer mortality during 2010 to 2013. The spatial scan statistic and Tango’s method were used to detect spatial clusters with unusually high or low rates. The local indicator of spatial association was used for cluster detection with accounting for spatial autocorrelation among adjacent areas. A nonparametric approach was used to identify local districts with significantly higher or lower rates, compared to the average national rate. The different methods revealed similar results in the overall patterns, but slightly different specific results. These techniques can provide complementary information and should be used based on the distinguishing features of each method. It may be better to use several different methods for these analyses rather than a single method.
Social Work Preparation to Compete in Today’s Scientific Marketplace
Authors: Nurius Paula S.
Published: July 2016

As the scientific marketplace rapidly evolves, we must keep revisiting strategic preparation of our doctoral students and early career scholars to be successful innovators in these contexts. As an inherently integrative, change-oriented, community-engaged, and context-sensitive discipline, social work has enormous potential as a value-added partner for greater cross-fertilization among scientists and stakeholders not only from the academy but also from clinical settings, laboratories, industry, and systems leadership. Yet social work researchers not uncommonly encounter perception challenges as they strive to bring their scientific potential and wares to the marketplace. This article argues that innovation and impact are now central expectations of research. Current research priorities increasingly require teams to function at a transdisciplinary level of theoretical and methodological integration and to develop translational partnerships. The article concludes with thoughts on educational directions to better prepare our T-shaped emerging scholars to be perceived and function as value-added research innovators.
Drug Class Combination–Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Kellum John A. , Dasta Joseph F. , Armahizer Michael J. , Bolesta Scott , Buckley Mitchell S. , Dzierba Amy L. , Frazee Erin N. , Johnson Heather J. , Kim Catherine , Murugan Raghavan , Smithburger Pamela L. , Wong Adrian , Kane Gill Sandra L.
Published: July 2016

Objective: To evaluate the quality of available evidence of drug class combinations and their association with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Data Sources: A search of MEDLINE and Embase databases was completed using the following terms: “risk factor AND (acute kidney injury or acute kidney failure) AND (drug or medication).” Study Selection and Data Extraction: Inclusion criteria were the following: English language, full-text availability, and at least 1 drug-combination. Each citation was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. The literature was evaluated using the quality of evidence component of GRADE. No standardized definition of AKI was applied throughout.. Data Synthesis: Out of 2139 total citations, 151 were assessed for full-text review, with 121 citations (6%) meeting inclusion criteria, producing76 unique drug class combinations. Overall, 56 combinations (73.7%) were considered very low quality; 12 (15.8%) were considered low quality. There were 8 (10.5%) of moderate quality, and no combination was considered high quality. 58 (76%) combinations that had a single citation,with a mean of 1.6 citations per drug class combination. The combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and diuretics was reported in 10 citations, the largest number of citations. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a lack of well-designed studies addressing drug class combination–associated AKI. The combination of NSAIDs and diuretics with or without additional renin-angiotensin aldosterone agents had the strongest level of evidence. Despite limitations, the information included in this review may result in additional scrutiny about combining certain individual nephrotoxic drugs.
Idarucizumab for Reversal of Dabigatran-Associated Anticoagulation
Authors: Yogaratnam Dinesh , Ditch Kristen , Medeiros Kristin , Doyno Cassandra , Fong Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2016

Objective: To review clinical data on idarucizumab for the reversal of dabigatran-associated anticoagulation. Data Sources: Articles for this review were identified via PubMed using the MeSH term dabigatran combined with the keyword idarucizumab. Additional online searches via PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted for both prescribing and cost information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language clinical trials published between 1946 and May 2016 were included for review. Bibliographies of selected articles were also manually reviewed for relevant publications that focused on reversal strategies for dabigatran-associated anticoagulation. Data Synthesis: The safety and tolerability of idarucizumab has been evaluated in 3 phase I clinical trials. The use of idarucizumab for reversing dabigatran-associated anticoagulation is also being evaluated in the phase III RE-VERSE AD study. Interim results of the RE-VERSE AD study have been published. Conclusions: Idarucizumab rapidly neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran in healthy volunteers, in patients with life-threatening bleeding, and in patients requiring urgent surgery that cannot be delayed. These observations are largely based on laboratory assessments rather than clinical outcomes. Idarucizumab is well tolerated, and it does not appear to induce procoagulant or immunogenic adverse effects.
Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Liver Diseases—Methods of Detection and Interpretation
Authors: Mitra Suvradeep , Minz Ranjana Walker
Published: July 2016

Autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a type of chronic liver disease with autoimmune etiology. The diagnosis of the disease is multipronged and detection of autoantibodies in AILDs is an important diagnostic tool and it also helps in the classification of the disease. There are multiple autoantibodies that are detected in AILDs but none is diagnostic. Moreover, these autoantibodies are detected in many other pathological and nonpathological conditions. So the significance of seropositivity for these autoantibodies should be known by both the pathologists as well as the clinicians. In addition, there is prognostic significance associated with some of the antibodies and they also sometimes help in the disease monitoring. The whole array of antibodies detected in AILDs is discussed in detail in this review along with their clinical significance and interpretation.
Comparison of the Effects of Levosimendan Dobutamine and Vasodilator Therapy on Ongoing Myocardial Injury in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Gencer Erkan , Doğan Volkan , Öztürk Müjgan Tek , Nadir Aydın , Musmul Ahmet , Cavuşoğlu Yüksel
Published: July 2016

Background:

Cardiac troponins (cTn) are reliable and the most sensitive biomarker in the setting of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Acute decompensated heart failure is usually associated with worsening chronic heart failure, and it may be caused by ongoing minor myocardial cell damage that may occur without any reported precipitating factors.

Methods:

We compared the short-term effect of levosimendan (LEV), dobutamine (DOB), and vasodilator treatment (nitroglycerin [NTG]) on myocardial injury with hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and inflammatory indicators. One hundred twenty-two patients with a mean age of 66 ± 9 years were treated with LEV (n = 40), DOB (n = 42), and NTG (n = 40) and examined retrospectively. Blood samples (cTnI, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], highly sensitive C-reactive protein [HsCRP], and others), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were compared before and after treatment.

Results:

At admission, detectable levels of cTnI were observed in 53% of patients (≥0.05 ng/mL). Serial changes in the mean cTnI levels were not significantly different between the groups (LEV 0.04 ± 0.01 to 0.03 ± 0.01 ng/mL; DOB 0.145 ± 0.08 to 0.08 ± 0.03 ng/mL; NTG 0.1 ± 0.03 to 0.09 ± 0.02 ng/mL; overall P = .859). Favourable effects on the NT-proBNP, sPAP values, LVEF, 6MWD, and HsCRP were observed overall, especially in the LEV groups.

Conclusion:

Beneficial effects of short-term use of LEV, DOB, and NTG on ongoing myocardial injury were demonstrated. These findings can be attributed to the anti-ischemic properties as well as the hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and functional benefits from the positive inotropes, especially LEV, in patients with ADHF.
Modified sliding mode control of a seismic active mass damper system considering model uncertainties and input time delay
Authors: Soleymani Mehdi , Abolmasoumi Amir Hossein , Bahrami Hasanali , Khalatbari-S Arash , Khoshbin Elham , Sayahi Sirus
Published: July 2016

Model uncertainties and actuator delays are two factors that degrade the performance of active structural control systems. A new robust control system is proposed for control of an active tuned mass damper (AMD) in a high-rise building. The controller comprises a two-loop sliding model controller in conjunction with a dynamic state predictor. The sliding model controller is responsible for model uncertainties and the state predictor compensates for the time delays due to actuator dynamics and process delay. A reduced model that is validated against experimental data was constructed and equipped with an electro-mechanical AMD system mounted on the top storey. The proposed controller was implemented in the test structure and its performance under seismic disturbances was simulated using a seismic shake table. Moreover, robustness of the proposed controller was examined via variation of the test structure parameters. The shake table test results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed controller at tackling the simulated disturbances in the presence of model uncertainties and input delay.
Reflexivity and Fantasy
Authors: Lapping Claudia
Published: July 2016

This article sets out two psychoanalytically informed conceptions of fantasy as a resource for reflexivity in research. First is the fantasy as a defensive structure that distorts our perception of reality, and the use of the researcher’s affective responses as an interpretive tool. Second is the fantasy as a signifying structure that constitutes the subject’s engagement in reality, foregrounding unconscious symbolic associations. These approaches are traced in the construction and analysis of interview data, exploring (a) a trajectory that interprets fantasy as a defense against difficult emotions, (b) the construction of free associations, and (c) symbolic material that disrupts the interpretation of fantasy as defense.
Local Response to Water Crisis: Explaining Variation in Usage Restrictions During a Texas Drought
Authors: Mullin Megan , Rubado Meghan E.
Published: July 2016

What explains local policy response to extreme events? This question takes on growing importance as climate change increases the frequency of droughts, floods, heat waves, wildfires, and severe storms. Emergency events like these often require local officials to make decisions that trade off short-term risk reduction against longer-term political costs. Policies that promote community-wide safety and resilience may face opposition because they restrict resource use or otherwise limit personal activities. Using data on the adoption of local water usage restrictions during the 2010–2013 Texas drought, we examine the balance between political and problem-driven incentives for local emergency response. We find that problem conditions and institutional capacity of water systems outweigh political interests in shaping the timing of policy response.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place
Authors: Kagan Ilya , Schor Razia , Kigli-Shemesh Ronit , Ovadia Karin Lee , Melnikov Semyon
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Israeli hospitals must continuously develop various mechanisms to protect both patients and staff against the physical threat of missile attacks during war situations. OBJECTIVES: To examine the difficulties and dilemmas with which the staff of a psychiatric hospital had to deal during missile attacks. DESIGN: A quality improvement project consisting of three stages (1) establishment of a steering committee; (2) execution of a staff nurses’ focus group; and (3) categorization of issues raised and suggestions for care improvement in future emergencies. RESULTS: The project stressed the challenges of dealing with restrained patients during missile alarms, waking up patients or dealing with those who refuse to enter the protected area, mismatching of the security needs in protected areas, and institutionalized emotional support for staff members. CONCLUSION: Suitable policies for clinical and management behavior and for information transfer between management and wards are essential during a continuous emergency.
Effect of sous vide processing on physicochemical, ultrastructural, microbial and sensory changes in vacuum packaged chicken sausages
Authors: Naveena BM , Khansole Panjab S , Shashi Kumar M , Krishnaiah N , Kulkarni Vinayak V , Deepak SJ
Published: July 2016

The processing of sous vide chicken sausages was optimized under vacuum packaging condition and cooking at 100 ℃ for 30 min (SV30), 60 min (SV60) and 120 min (SV120) and compared with aerobically cooked control at 100 ℃ for 30 min. Sous vide processing of chicken sausages (SV30) produced higher ( p < 0.05) cooking yield, Hunterlab a* values and sensory attributes without affecting proximate composition and shear force values relative to control. The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy results revealed no significant changes in protein quality and emulsion ultra-structure due to SV30 processing relative to control sausages. Sous vide processing of chicken sausages enriched with rosemary diterpene phenols retained the freshness and quality up to 120 days during storage at 4 ± 1 ℃ relative to control sausages that were spoiled on 20th day. Lipid oxidation and microbial growth remained below the spoilage levels for all the SV-processed sausages throughout the storage and addition of rosemary diterpene mixture at 0.02% v/w reduced the microbial growth and improved ( p < 0.05) the sensory attributes. Our results demonstrate that sous vide processing minimizes lipid oxidation and microbial growth of chicken sausages with improved product quality and shelf-life at 4 ± 1 ℃.
What Conditions Affect Police Response Time? Examining Situational and Neighborhood Factors
Authors: Lee Jae-Seung , Lee Jonathan , Hoover Larry T.
Published: July 2016

Police response time to calls for service is a crucial factor in evaluation of police performance. While domestic violence is now considered serious interpersonal violence, factors associated with response time to domestic violence incidents are underexplored. Using hierarchical linear modeling, over 10,000 cases of calls for service for domestic violence across 438 census tracts in Houston, Texas, were examined. The result of multilevel analysis revealed that complainant’s race, weapon involvement, and day and time of incidents were associated with response time at the situational level. At the neighborhood level, concentrated disadvantage, immigration concentration, and residential stability were significantly associated with response time.
Controlling the Flow
Authors: White Joy
Published: July 2016

As a key genre within the urban music economy, grime music has a national and global presence. In the YouTube era, young people film music videos and broadcast them online.

Legislation and policies ostensibly created as a means to maintain public safety combine to create methods to control the behaviour of young people. The production and circulation of urban music videos, therefore, become a contested activity. The racial mechanics of this gaze mean that for urban black youth, group endeavours are often criminalized as ‘gang activity’.

Drawing on a 2014 Twitter profile as its starting point, this article examines the application of public safety legislation and policies in an East London borough. It reflects on how a ‘disciplinary process’ allows for local authorities, the metropolitan police and the judiciary to pin down and organize the movements of urban music practitioners in specific and particular ways.
Synergistic studies of Schiff base with organoborate as efficient antiwear lubricant additive
Authors: Kalyani Kalkhanday , Jaiswal Vinay , Rastogi Rashmi Bala , Kumar Devendra
Published: July 2016

Schiff base derived from condensation of 4-aminotriazole with indole-3-carboxylaldehyde has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The tribological properties of synthesized Schiff base have been evaluated using four-ball tester at optimized concentration (1% w/v) and compared with its individual components. The tribological testing has been performed by varying load for 30 min duration and varying test durations at 392 N load. The synergistic action of Schiff base with commercial borate ester effectively enhances the antiwear properties of base oil and its load-carrying capacity. Pronounced reduction in the values of mean wear scar diameter, friction coefficient (µ), mean wear volume (MWV), and wear rates confirm the synergistic interaction between Schiff base and borate ester. The best tribological properties are shown by synergistic mixture, followed by Schiff base, then indole-3-carbaldehyde, and finally 4-aminotriazole. The surface topography of worn surfaces has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and contact mode atomic force microscopy which show the drastic decrease in surface roughness in the presence of synergistic mixture. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of worn surface lubricated with synergistic formulation exhibits nitrogen, carbon, boron, and oxygen indicating the adsorption of additive on the metal surface to form in situ protective tribofilms, which prevent direct metal–metal contact thus reducing friction and wear. The quantum chemical calculations studies show that there is significant interaction of Schiff base additive with the metal surface than those of its individual components and the data correlate very well with the obtained tribological results.
Racism and homophobia in English football: The equality act, positive action and the limits of law
Authors: Gardiner Simon , Riches Louisa
Published: July 2016

This article provides an analysis of two connected discriminatory practices in contemporary English male professional football. The first discriminatory practice concerns race and employment opportunities as coaches and managers despite the relative high levels of professional players from certain Black Minority and Ethnic (BME) backgrounds. An evaluation is made as to whether the introduction of a Rooney-type rule that requires BME candidates to be interviewed for these types of positions, which currently operates in American Gridiron Football, should be introduced in the United Kingdom. The second discriminatory practice concerns sexual orientation, appearing to result in it being impossible for gay professional players to openly acknowledge their sexuality. There are tensions between the right to privacy, on the one hand, and evidence of significant elements of homophobia in the culture of professional football, on the other. Both these discriminatory practices are complex and very much of the moment. This article provides an analysis of how these discriminatory practices manifest themselves. A key issue is an evaluation of how the Equality Act, particularly in the context of the positive action provisions under the Act, has provided a remedy to promote diversity in the particular social field of football. A range of anti-racism and anti-homophobia sports-related policies and rules has been developed to engage with these issues and this article examines the relationship between these normative mechanisms and the provisions under the Act. It is contended that the Equality Act’s positive action provisions fail to promote effective diversity in this social field in relation to race and sexual orientation. A case is made for more radical elements of affirmative action to be given legal support to bring about meaningful change in football in terms of diversity and inclusion.
Changing health-promoting behaviours through narrative interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Perrier Marie-Josée , Martin Ginis Kathleen A
Published: July 2016

The objective of this review was to summarize the literature supporting narrative interventions that target health-promoting behaviours. Eligible articles were English-language peer-reviewed studies that quantitatively reported the results of a narrative intervention targeting health-promoting behaviours or theoretical determinants of behaviour. Five public health and psychology databases were searched. A total of 52 studies met inclusion criteria. In all, 14 studies found positive changes in health-promoting behaviours after exposure to a narrative intervention. The results for the changes in theoretical determinants were mixed. While narrative appears to be a promising intervention strategy, more research is needed to determine how and when to use these interventions.
The limits of transparency: Data brokers and commodification
Authors: Crain Matthew
Published: July 2016

In the United States the prevailing public policy approach to mitigating the harms of internet surveillance is grounded in the liberal democratic value of transparency. While a laudable goal, transparency runs up against insurmountable structural constraints within the political economy of commercial surveillance. A case study of the data broker industry reveals the limits of transparency and shows that commodification of personal information is at the root of the power imbalances that transparency-based strategies of consumer empowerment seek to rectify. Despite significant challenges, privacy policy must be more centrally informed by a critical political economy of commercial surveillance.
Social work students as community partners in a family intervention programme
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Thomas Bernadette , McDonald Lynn
Published: July 2016

This paper describes the findings from the evaluation of a UK initiative which engaged social work students as community partners within an educational-based family intervention programme. Fourteen social work students in the first year of a BA (Hons) were placed in the programme to meet the volunteering requirements of their ‘Community Project’. By engaging with the community-based family programme at an early stage in their education, students experienced the benefits of interventions, focussing on sustainability, citizenship and parent participation. We describe the approach and discuss the evaluation outcomes to illustrate the potential of utilising co-learning with families in social work education. In taking up the role of community partners, students observed first-hand the value of incorporating horizontal relationships into their learning and experienced direct knowledge exchange with service users at an early stage in their training.

Findings

The findings suggest that this experience enabled students to connect with conceptualisations of macro alongside micro practice in their professional development as social workers. Further, connecting critical social theories with the direct experience of families promoted the learners own empowerment and conscientisation.

Application

This provided a means of embedding social work values and aspirations towards social justice in their future practice orientation.
Review of Le tournant de la théorie critique, Collection Solidarité et société, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 2015
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl
Published: July 2016

This review article provides a review of the book Review of Le tournant de la théorie critique, Collection Solidarité et société, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 2015. This book is an important contribution to contemporary critical theory that reestablies critical theory in current debates about the future of neoliberalism. This book about the turn of critical towards proposing an alternative vision of the social order, justice, society and democracy gives us a very good description of how to analyse contemporary structures of domination. The book is positing that major political ideologies are not dead but instead have been reshaped by the hegemonic influence of neoliberalism and the present submissions of individuals to the structures of capitalism.
The legal justification for donor optimisation procedures
Authors: Brown Sarah-Jane
Published: July 2016

Current organ procurement policies in the UK include ante-mortem interventions to facilitate organ donation. However, a clear and unambiguous legal framework for these procedures does not currently exist. The Human Tissue Act (HTA) 2004 does not provide authority for donor optimisation procedures before death, and there are a number of difficulties in encompassing these procedures within the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 provisions on best interests. This article proposes a system of specific advance consent to enable best interests to take on its ascribed role as the legal justification for donor optimisation procedures.
Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on recurrent myocardial infarction in China
Authors: Li Wentao , Li Muwei , Gao Chuanyu , Wang Xianpei , Qi Datun , Liu Jun , Jin Qiangsong
Published: July 2016

To evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the long-term outcomes of Chinese patients with previous myocardial infarction, we studied 864 patients with previous myocardial infarction, including 251 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 613 without type 2 diabetes mellitus, over a median follow-up time of 2.9 years. The type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were subdivided into 95 insulin-treated diabetes mellitus and 156 non-insulin-treated diabetes mellitus subjects. The crude incidences (per 1000 patient-years) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects versus the non-type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were 43.7 versus 25.1 for recurrent myocardial infarction, 68.7 versus 28.3 for all-cause death and 99.8 versus 49.9 for the composite end point (i.e. recurrent myocardial infarction or all-cause death). Cox regression analysis showed that the adjusted hazard ratios for recurrent myocardial infarction, all-cause death and their combination were 1.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.74), 1.90 (1.25–2.90) and 1.72 (1.23–2.40), respectively. Significant associations were also observed between insulin treatment and all-cause death. Our findings suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction, all-cause death and the composite end point among previous myocardial infarction patients.
Anxiety and diabetes: Innovative approaches to management in primary care
Authors: Bickett Allison , Tapp Hazel
Published: July 2016

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chief concern for patients, healthcare providers, and health care systems in America, and around the globe. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibit clinical and subclinical symptoms of anxiety more frequently than people without diabetes. Anxiety is traditionally associated with poor metabolic outcomes and increased medical complications among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Collaborative care models have been utilized in the multidisciplinary treatment of mental health problems and chronic disease, and have demonstrated success in managing the pathology of depression which often accompanies diabetes. However, no specific treatment model has been published that links the treatment of anxiety to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Given the success of collaborative care models in treating depression associated with diabetes, and anxiety unrelated to chronic disease, it is possible that the collaborative care treatment of primary care patients who suffer from both anxiety and diabetes could be met with the same success. The key issue is determining how to implement and sustain these models in practice. This review summarizes the proposed link between anxiety and diabetes, and offers an innovative and evidence-based collaborative care model for anxiety and diabetes in primary care.
Driving Away the Bad Guys
Authors: Hall Angela T. , Franczak Jennifer , Ma Shuang (Sara) , Herrera Daniel , Hochwarter Wayne A.
Published: July 2016

The previously uninvestigated role of work drive as a moderator of perceptions of politics–job outcomes relationships was examined in a series of field studies. Consistent with the underpinnings of sensemaking theory, we hypothesized that those with high levels of work drive would experience fewer adverse consequences when coupled with heightened perceptions of politics relative to those reporting less work drive. Across two independent studies, hypotheses were strongly supported. Specifically, perceptions of politics demonstrated a significant, direct influence on job satisfaction, job tension, and emotional exhaustion for those with less work drive in Sample 1 (municipal employees) and only a minimal impact for those with higher levels of drive. Results were replicated in Sample 2 (members of a management association). Implications of these findings for science and practice, strengths and limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Political Skill, Trust, and Efficacy in Teams
Authors: Lvina Elena , Maher Liam P. , Harris John N.
Published: July 2016

Political skill, frequently understood as a social skill at work, is argued to be a valuable resource not only at the individual level but also for the teams. Using hierarchical linear modeling and data from 525 students, organized into 115 teams, we demonstrate that political skill at the individual level shapes individual perceptions of team efficacy and trust in team. Both the level and the composition of political skill within the team are found to be critical for these team emergent states, albeit they play out differently for team members who are high versus low in political skill.
The Influence of Education on Public Trust and Consent Preferences With Residual Newborn Screening Dried Blood spots
Authors: Rothwell Erin , Wong Bob , Anderson Rebecca A. , Botkin Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2016

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of educational interventions during prenatal care on public trust for newborn screening and consent preferences for the retention and use of leftover newborn screening dried blood spots. Women who were 30 to 36 weeks pregnant were recruited, and outcomes were measured by telephone survey 2 to 4 weeks postpartum ( n = 901). Approximately 40% of the sample chose the opt-out approach but those who watched educational interventions delivered during prenatal care were significantly associated with higher levels of trust and support for an opt-out consent approach. Providing education during prenatal care about newborn screening and the storage and use of leftover dried blood spots along with brochure-based education provided in the hospital when the baby is born is associated with improved trust for the program and support for research with the leftover blood spots.
The Scaphoid Staple: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dunn John , Kusnezov Nicholas , Fares Austin , Mitchell Justin , Pirela-Cruz Miguel
Published: July 2016

Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the indications, outcomes, and complications of scaphoid fixation with a staple. Methods: The literature was reviewed for all cases of the scaphoid staple. Five articles including 188 patients, of 77 primary scaphoid fractures and 111 other indications that included delayed union, nonunion, and avascular necrosis, were reviewed. Demographic data, outcomes, and complications were recorded. Results: The union rate of the scaphoid staple is 94.7%, and 95.7% of patients return to work after an average of 9.8 weeks after a 4.7-week period of immobilization. The complication rate was 9.0%, and 7.5% required hardware removal. Clinical and radiographic healing was higher in primary fractures as compared with other indications. Other indications, as compared with primary fracture, had a higher rate of hardware removal. Conclusions: For all indications, the scaphoid staple has a high union rate and a low complication rate. In the authors’ experience, the procedure is fast, not technically challenging, and may be considered for primary fracture, delayed union, nonunion, and avascular necrosis of the scaphoid.
The Indirect Approach
Authors: Moshuus Geir H , Eide Ketil
Published: July 2016

How do we do good guesswork at meaning if our informant lives in a secret world? Doing research often includes awkward moments, unforeseen events, and incidents. Here we name some of these “happenstances.” We suggest that happenstances may offer a solution to the problem of meaning discrepancies: The happenstance is one of those moments that allow the researcher to temporarily bridge into the meanings of his or her informant. We have carried out research on marginal youth. In both of our studies, happenstances have turned interview situations upside down. Here we identify how these unforeseen events provided us with valuable insights into our informants’ contexts. We conclude by addressing how these happenstances, though they appear to be a product of pure accident, may become part of a systematic approach in discovering contextual knowledge.
Recurrent panniculitis: Weber-Christian disease
Authors: Hagag Adel A , Barakat Amany Nagy
Published: July 2016

Weber-Christian disease is characterized by recurrent inflammation in the fat layer of the skin. We report a boy, aged 2 years and 9 months, with Weber-Christian disease who presented with tender rounded swelling on the dorsum of both hands and chest wall with mild erythema in overlying skin associated with high grade continuous fever.
‘Keeping my mind strong’: enabling children to discuss and explore issues relating to their perceptions of positive mental health through the arts
Authors: O’Neill Marie Therese , Moore Kevin David
Published: July 2016

Background

The ramifications of mental ill health are enduring and potentially disabling. This research study focuses on using art to explore children’s understanding and awareness of mental health issues.

Aims

To explore the medium of ‘drawing’ as a method of communication by young people for expressing feelings and thoughts about what keeps their minds strong and what makes them happy as children.

Method

Arts-based research was used as a primary mode of inquiry to collect data and conduct analysis.

Sample

A total of 16 schools participated, with 10 from the primary school sector (children aged 5–11 years) and six from the post-primary sector (11 + to 18 years). A total of 358 posters were submitted.

Findings

Emergent themes suggested the existence of the awareness of stigma, which accompanied mental health issues and social isolation. In addition, perceptions of what makes children happy were also apparent, for example, family and friends. Similarities existed in the relationship between genders of a similar age group, and some differentiations presented between primary and post-primary educational sectors.

Implications

Arts-based research offers children an opportunity to recognise and express their feelings. Early identification of a child’s mental health problems may enable mental health nurses to engage in early intervention strategies to promote positive health functioning.