bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melting dynamics of electrodes, additive materials in welding
Authors: Fedyaev V L , Galimov E R , Belyaev A V , Sirotkina L V
Published: December 2020

We consider electric arc, electroslag welding with a consumable electrode, as well as other types of welding (gas, plasma, etc.) using rod filler materials. Two schemes of the corresponding type of welding are distinguished - the first, when an electrode has a finite length, the location of the current lead relative to it is stationary. In the second case, the electrode moves relative to the place of current supply in such a way that the length of the part of the electrode from its end to the place of current supply during welding varies little. A number of assumptions are made, a mathematical description of the heating and melting of the electrodes, filler materials due to the heat of the welding sources, and ohmic resistance is presented. Relations are given for estimating the temperature distribution along the length of an electrode, filler rods, and their melting rate.
Features of making non-rigid parts from titanium and aluminium alloys
Authors: Kiselev E S , Nazarov M V
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to the question of machining non-rigid parts. The results of studies on the efficiency of making non-rigid parts from titanium and aluminium alloys by reducing the cost of technological preparation of production and use of energy of low-power modulated ultrasonic field are presented
Effect of hydro-jet treatment on the adhesion of the PVD coating to the carbide substrate as a method for pretreatment of the surface
Authors: Fedorov S V , Sazanov I I , Igonov D V , Seitkulov A R
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, the first stages of preparing a hard alloy for coating are various mechanical, electrical, chemical, and magnetic methods to change the surface quality, which usually increases the service life and wear resistance of the tool. Among other things, hydro-jet treatment, so exposure to a high-pressure water jet at a pressure of about 250 MPa, can be used when preparing the surface for coating. Grinded surfaces after hydro-treating show better adhesion of the coating by removing an excess of the cobalt bond smeared on the surface because it is highly flexible and poorly removed by the diamond grinding wheel. Besides, the surface roughness reduced. Wear tests using the spherical recess method showed a two-three fold improvement in the wear resistance of TiN-coated samples subjected to preliminary hydro-treatment. Besides, hydro-treating avoids surface contamination and eliminates any thermal effects.
Research of frost-resistant rubber for seals
Authors: Asheichik Anatoly A , Bahrami Mohammad Reza , Zorin Daniil K
Published: December 2020

As a result of experimental studies, the dependencies of the static modulus of elasticity of the five rubber compositions during bending on the temperature in the range from - 70 to +100°C were established. The results of the temperature test simulating the change in contact stresses in the seal after installation at 20°C and subsequent cooling, as well as the temperature test, when the bending deformation is increased after cooling, are also presented. The dependences of the coefficient of friction of rubber on fluorine-containing coatings of three types and steel were experimentally obtained in a wide range of negative and positive temperatures. The design of the test bench for studying the elastic moduli during bending of rubber and polymer samples in a wide range of bending deformations and temperatures and the test procedure for it is described. A methodology for studying the coefficient of friction of rubbers during friction on fluorine-containing coatings and steel in a wide temperature range is presented. Friction coefficients were determined during unilateral rotational motion of flat samples at a sliding speed of 0.2 m/s, pressures on the friction surface from 0.8 to 50 MPa and a temperature range from -40 to + 120°C.
Prediction of phase composition and anticorrosive properties of Zn-Ni-Co alloys
Authors: Schmidt V V , Zhikhareva I G , Denisenko D V
Published: December 2020

The possibility of theoretical prediction of a given phase composition (intermetallide Ni5Zn21) of Zn-Ni-Co electrochemical alloys using four phase formation criteria: entropy (ns), dimensional (nd), energy (no) and general (nº) is shown. A theoretical method is proposed, which allows to predict the ratio of metal ions in solution and the phase composition of ternary electrolytic alloys, using Zn-Ni-Co alloy containing intermetallides as an example. Formation conditions (chemical content of the components in the coating) and the length of concentration boundaries of the metal-solvent (Zn) for electronic compound Ni5Zn21 (γ phase) are calculated.
Dense ceramics based on magnesium aluminate spinel with the addition of gallium oxide
Authors: Ulyanova A V , Senina M O , Lemeshev D O
Published: December 2020

The preparation of dense ceramics based on magnesium aluminate spinel (AMS), a material with unique physicochemical properties, is considered. The work shows methods for producing AMS powders of stoichiometric composition by the method of reverse heterophase co-precipitation, studying the influence of the firing temperature and of the method of introducing of the sintering additive of gallium oxide on the ceramic properties of the obtained samples.
Features of the structure of interfacial layers in polymer composites
Authors: Zhukova G S , Radjabov Z R , Boykova G V
Published: December 2020

Using relaxation spectrometry methods, the features of formation of interfacial layers in polymer composites based on 5-211-BN epoxyanilinophenol formaldehyde binder reinforced with CBM high-modulus aramid fibers are studied. The cases of the initial unmodified and modified neutralization of the surface of the reinforcing filler under loading in various temperature-time regimes are considered. It is shown that the used set of relaxation spectrometry methods allows one to evaluate the features of formation and the structure of interfacial layers in polymer-polymer systems. It is established that the morphological structure of the interfacial layer is strongly dependent on the chemical nature of the components and on the intensity of their interaction.
Contemporary methods of production of titania
Authors: Vyboishchik A V , Popov M Yu
Published: December 2020

The article describes various processes of the manufacture of titanium dioxide, or titania, with two methods, viz. chlorination and sulphatization, presented. The detailed description of the features, advantages and existing submethods of the chlorination method and its comparison with the sulphatization method are given. High-frequency induction oxygen plasma submethod has been considered the most prospective in the manufacture of titanium dioxide.
The study of high-temperature stability of the thermoprotective coating made of zirconium dioxide
Authors: Tsareva I N , Berdnik O B , Razov E N , Maximov M V
Published: December 2020

Laser heating method is proposed for the evaluation of high-temperature stability of thermal protective coatings of zirconium dioxide. Structural-phase state of plasma thermal protective coating of zirconium dioxide has been investigated after laser pulse altering with a different energy. Processes of phase transformation, melting and recrystallization are registered. It has been found that the degradation of the coating affects the surface layers with a thickness of several layers. By changing the parameters of laser radiation it is possible to carry out rapid diagnostics and comparative tests of heat resistance of ceramic protective coatings obtained by different methods from different initial materials.
Investigation of the effect of the treatment of the surface of VT6 alloy on the penetration depth of implantable ions
Authors: Ovchinnikov V V , Luk’yanenko E V , Kurbatova I A , Yakutina S V
Published: December 2020

The article presents studies on the combined treatment of VT6 titanium alloy, including preimplantation treatment of the titanium alloy surface with a laser or plasma and subsequent modification with highly efficient energy flows using a copper and iron cathode. The beneficial effect of preliminary surface laser and plasma treatments of VT6 alloy parts as an operation of preparing the surface for implantation on the mechanical and tribological properties, as well as the penetration depth of the implanted ions in the surface of the VT6 titanium alloy, is shown. This work was carried out as part of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation «The influence of magnetic fields and ion implantation on the structure, chemical composition and properties of titanium, aluminum alloys and elementary semiconductors».
Investigation of the effect of ion implantation on the structure of the surface layer of VT20 titanium alloy
Authors: Ovchinnikov V V , Uchevatkina N V
Published: December 2020

The effect of ion implantation of VT20 titanium alloys on their structural and substructural characteristics is studied. A significant change in structural characteristics has been established, which contributes to an increase in the strength properties of alloys with satisfactory ductility and heat resistance. This work was carried out as part of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation «The influence of magnetic fields and ion implantation on the structure, chemical composition and properties of titanium, aluminum alloys and elementary semiconductors».
Comparative study of structural properties of syntactic carbon foams made using different process approaches
Authors: Galimov E R , Galimova N Ya , Shibaev P B , Samoylov V M
Published: December 2020

The structural properties of syntactic carbon foams made using different process approaches were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The paper shows that foam technology has a major influence on the formation of the foam structure.
Anti-friction epoxy coatings modified with rice husk
Authors: Valeeva A R , Gimranova A R , Gottlieb E M , Galimov E R
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the use of epoxy coatings modified with rice husk ash in order to reduce abrasive wear of materials and increase their durability during operation. It was experimentally established that the rice husk ash used as a filler increases the wear resistance and hardness of epoxy coatings with a significant decrease in the coefficient of static friction. This effect occurs when using ash obtained by burning rice husk at various temperatures. It is associated with an increase in the density of the formed spatial network in the presence of the studied filler, due to the selective sorption of the components of the epoxy composition by a developed solid surface.
On the necessity of organizational transformations in the system of repairing the mining equipment
Authors: Andreeva L I , Krasnikova T I
Published: December 2020

This article considers the methodological approach to the reorganization of the repair department of a mining enterprise (ME) into an independent structural unit, which provides the technical services (maintenance of the mining equipment) for the primary production of a mining enterprise. We consider the main reasons of inefficient activities of the repair department, justify the necessity of organizational transformations into one of the forms, which allows for a repair department to develop economic relationships with other units of an enterprise on the basis of mutual benefits. Also we describe the factors which are necessary to be taken into account when reforming the organizational structure of the repair department and provide a brief analysis of the preferability of directions of the technological specialization and the structure of main fuctions of the repair department. This approach will allow to make a well-grounded choice for the managers of an enterprise – either to repair the equipment with the help of a third party or to arrange the maintenance on its territory on the basis of providing a service and mutual benefits.
Modeling and calculations of mechanical characteristics of transport means
Authors: Kudryavcev Evgenij , Mollinedo Dipotet
Published: December 2020

Article describe processes of modeling and calculations of mechanical characteristics of transport means such as: traction forces; traction moments; traction powers,… fuel characteristics and represent their in analytic, graphic and numeric kinds with using of modern computer technologies. Complexity of such tasks is concluded in depending these characteristics from frequency of rotation of a crankshaft of motor on all gears. The proposed procedures of modeling and calculations allow to reduce time and costs of such calculations at least in several hundred times and effectively to carry out researches in any usage mode and exploitation of transport means, providing good visual presentation of received results.
Building a space for an analytic function that describes a spline curve
Authors: Tolok A V , Loktev M A , Sycheva A A
Published: December 2020

The article discusses some methods for obtaining the analytical expression of a Bezier curve and approaches to constructing analytically defined spline curves. A solution to the problem of constructing a functional region of a Bezier curve as its locally analytical description is proposed. The proposed solution is implemented through R-functional modeling (Rvachev function) and functional-voxel approach.
Probabilistic graph-theoretic models for dynamic and information capability problems research
Authors: Geyda Alexander S
Published: December 2020

We consider the system’s functioning such that this functioning is fulfilled according to the given network of operations (i.e., according to the provided plan) but can be alternated due to impact of the environment. The impact of the environment, results of operations in the network and thus system functioning results and the functioning alternations are characterized by random values. To systematize possible states during the network of operations, we propose a new type of graph-theoretic model—a Complex State-Transition Tree of Action Networks. Each node of the tree corresponds to the system’s state, and each branch to the possible system state transition and both may take complex form (Hypergraph of states and Network of actions respectively). Each possible workplace state corresponds to the possible operation or waiting for the operation’s realization at this workplace. Thus, the states of the tree of possible states corresponds to the network of actions (operations’) possible cuts. To create trees of possible states mappings to the networks of actions cuts, an algorithm to build such trees from networks of operations is suggested. It differs from a known algorithm of maximum network flow in that all possible cuts of the network and all possible states are modelled. It differs from a known algorithm of building all antichains of the partially ordered set (poset) in that the network of operations we consider may not constitute such poset.
Study of vertical milling machine layout in terms of rigidity
Authors: Khusainov R M , Sabirov A R , Ziangirova E R
Published: December 2020

The paper explores the signs of static elastic deformation when operating milling machines. The research is concerned with the issue of simulation of a machine-device-tool-workpiece system for preliminary evaluation of elastic deformation on treatment in order to eliminate rejects. Linear and angular deformations were defined. Total rigidity of a milling machine depends not only on its inherent stiffness and contact rigidity of its components, but also on geometrical characteristics of manufacturing system layout. These characteristics could be evaluated through axes of rigidity. Errors in surface machining depend on both tool deflection and workpiece distortion. That is why it is necessary to analyze workpiece and tool load-deformation curve separately. Especially that their rigidity is determined by different layouts of bearing system. Main deformation values are defined and vectors of axes of rigidity are created. Using the results of the analysis it is possible to select a cutting pattern or change manufacturing system layout so that the resultant of cutting forces comes closer to highest rigidity axis, which reduces elastic deformations and improves working accuracy.
Causes of cracks on the edges of the combustion chamber of the diesel engine piston
Authors: Gots A N , Klevtsov V S
Published: December 2020

Internal combustion engines operate in non-stationary operating modes, when the crankshaft rotational speed changes over wide ranges, not only the torque but also the angular speed changes. While transients occurring in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine during operating modes, especially for tractor diesels, are the most unfavorable for parts of the cylinder-piston group. Long cycle changes during which pressure, temperature, piston speed and heat transfer surface are constantly changing creates very difficult loading conditions. Moreover, the peak values of thermal powers through the heat exchange surfaces of the piston bottom in unsteady modes are 2 ... 2.5 times higher than the values at steady modes. High values of thermal and mechanical loads on the piston lead to cracks on the edge of the combustion chamber and premature destruction. Failure in pistons can be caused by mechanical and thermal loading, but thermal loads make the greatest contribution to the value of equivalent stresses. Therefore, cracks gradually develop, which often leads to a deterioration of the working process, and then to the destruction of the piston.
Analysis of the pneumatic actuator of traction machines sand feeding system when the sand-air mixture flows out
Authors: Konovalov P Y , Bulavin Y P , Volkov I V , Yaitskov I A
Published: December 2020

In the course of the study, a computational experiment is carried out using ANSYS Fluent software package for three-dimensional models of the outflow of air-sand mixture from the outlet pipe of the locomotive sand feeding system to determine the effect of the shape of the outlet cross-section on the transportation of quartz sand particles at various outlet flow velocities.
Kinematic parameters of the device for cleaning the excavator bucket
Authors: Zenkov S A , Lkhanag D
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the use of a mechanical method of combating soil adhesion to an excavator bucket. Experience in the operation of earthmoving machines shows that when developing wet soils (especially at freezing temperatures), freezing and sticking of soil to working bodies significantly reduces machine performance. The analysis of devices designed for mechanical cleaning of the excavator bucket was carried out, the most effective equipment design was also selected hydraulic excavator, eliminating the disadvantages of other models. According to the technical task, the working body in Compass-3D was designed, angles, speed of movement of the hydraulic cylinder relative to the handle of the excavator and the force on the cutting edge of the bucket were calculated.
Phasechronometric performance data processing for lathe operation parameters monitoring
Authors: Boldasov D D , Komshin A S , Potapov K G , Syritskii A B
Published: December 2020

The article describes the problems of processing measuring phase-chronometric information in order to obtain information about the turning process. Similar techniques are used to monitor the current state of the cutting tool, optimize cutting conditions and control the correct operation of the machine. Also, a methodology for determining the parameters of the machine using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Operation of process equipment with crack-like defects
Authors: Valeev S I , Kharlamov I E
Published: December 2020

Analysis of the ‘layer separation’ defect of the base metal depending on the depth of its occurrence on the further safe operation of process equipment is carried out. The calculation is performed by the finite element method using ANSYS software package. The obtained results enable one to conclude that the layer separation does not have a significant effect on the bearing capacity of the equipment, while it is local and not being distributed.
Non-traditional approaches to the problems of forming the structure of the vibration field of technological machines
Authors: Eliseev A V , Kuznetsov N K , Eliseev S V , Vuong Q T
Published: December 2020

A technology for evaluating the dynamic properties of mechanical vibration systems within the framework of structural and mathematical modeling methods with the use of dynamic characteristics of the structure of vibration fields of technological machines has been developed. We consider the problem of developing a mathematical model that allows us to correct the dynamic state depending on the system parameters based on local estimates of the properties of the vibration field. The ratio of reactions is used to evaluate the dynamic state of the vibration field. The coupling coefficient of external harmonic perturbations and the mass-inertia characteristic of a device for converting motion are considered as parameters of a mechanical oscillatory system. Based on a model with two degrees of freedom and two external influences, a detailed method for constructing mathematical models for evaluating local features of the vibration fields of technological machines is proposed. The obtained analytical expressions allow us to construct diagrams of the characteristics of mechanical oscillating systems depending on the parameters of the adjustment tools.
The formation of errors caused by temperature processes in mechanisms built on the principles of parallel kinematics
Authors: Brovkina Yu I , Sobolev A N , Nekrasov A Ya
Published: December 2020

The article discusses issues related to the process of formation of the total error affecting the position error of the output link of mechanisms with a parallel structure caused by thermal deformations of the leading links. Movable rod mechanisms allow you to create lightweight technological machines for complex technological operations: finishing turbine blades, the production of art products, complex configurations, as well as medical devices and navigation equipment. The causes causing a change in the temperature state of the mechanisms under consideration are considered. A technique for determining the position of the output coordinate as a result of deviation from a given trajectory is presented.
Selection of displacement coefficients in external and internal involute gearing of planetary rotor hydraulic machine
Authors: Kurasov Dmitry
Published: December 2020

Hydraulic and pneumatic volume displacement machines are commonly the most important and integral elements of modern mechanical systems. One of the known types of such machines is planetary rotary hydraulic machines (PRHM) with floating satellites in contact with central gearwheels. The numbers of the central gearwheels «waves» M and N may be different or the same. The article considers the case of the same number of «waves» when the central wheels are round. The algorithm of selection of the range of permissible values of the PRMM displacement coefficients, in which the central wheels of internal and external gearing have the same number of teeth, is proposed. Equal number of teeth is proposed to be obtained by application of maximum values of positive displacement of tool in processing of central gearwheel with internal gearing. The calculation was carried out according to formulas according to GOST 16532-70 and GOST 19274-73, which are based on the module “Shafts and mechanical transmissions” of the Kompas 3D software complex.
About form of elastic flexible tube
Authors: Shinkin V N
Published: December 2020

The approximate solution of the equation of elastic flexible rod by means of a power series is given below. For this solution, the coefficients of the series are found up to the 12th degree of the series argument. As an example of the use of the found approximate solution, the numerical calculation of the shape and inclination angle of the subwater part of TurkStream at its laying on the sea-bottom are given.
To question about moment at elasticoplastic bending
Authors: Shinkin V N
Published: December 2020

Sheet metal is one of the main forms used in the metal-working, it can be cut or bent into various shapes. Bending of sheet metal on the vertical presses is the most common technological operation in metallurgy and mechanical engineering at the production of various products. Below the mathematical model of elastic-plastic deformation at bending of sheet metal on the vertical presses is proposed.
Compression of a porous cylindrical body
Authors: Fedyaev V L , Faskhutdinov M Kh , Sidorov I N
Published: December 2020

Unsteady compression by a flat stamp of a porous cylindrical body located on a rigid support is considered. It is assumed that slippage occurs on the contact surface of the cylinder end face with the stamp (the friction forces are small), and on the opposite, the friction forces are significant. The compressed body is conventionally divided into two parts: the upper cylindrical and lower conical. In each of these parts, in accordance with the principles of the theory of plasticity, a stress-strain state is evaluated, and, under certain assumptions, the shape and characteristic dimensions of the compressed body are found.
Method of optimization synthesis of parameters of actuating system of anthropomorphic gripper with adaptive control
Authors: Zhdanova Yu I , Moshkin V V
Published: December 2020

Gripper is a basic component of any robot. Its functionality is determined by realized number of degrees of freedom and control system. Anthropomorphic robots (AR) possess the biggest number of mobilities. Usage of group drive with adaptive control of mobile links is developing way of AR construction. This method allows to grasp and hold arbitrary shape objects when the motors number is less than mobilities number. Method of parametric synthesis of actuating system (AS) of AG made by two subsystems: the main kinematic chain (MKC) and motion transmission system (MTS) is represented in the article. MKC including two output links connected with each other and gripper base by rotational pairs with parallel axes is considered. MTS is parallel leverage mechanism. Subsystems are connected with each other by additional functional connection. The connection provides moving torque in MKC kinematic pairs. The presented approach is based on choosing MTS parameters that provide producing maximum torque in MKC kinematic pairs of its links end positions. The obtained equations of connection reflect the specificity of AS construction. The optimality criterion is defined and formalized by revealed equations of connection. The presented method allows to choose MTS parameters providing rational functioning of anthropomorphic gripper AS.
The engine-recoverer of secondary energy thermal sources based on a Curie point effect for magnetic materials
Authors: Papin V V , Bezuglov R V , Dyakonov E M , Shaforost D A
Published: December 2020

The article discusses one of the most important issues of the fuel and energy complex - the energy efficiency and the most complete use of the flue gases heat. A review of existing technologies for the heat utilization, including some designs of magneto-thermal engines, is carried out, their structural and technical characteristics are considered. A technology is proposed that ensures not only the utilization of exhaust gases from power plants, but also the application in the field of waste management, for example, increasing the energy efficiency of waste incineration technologies. The idea is to use the Curie point effect when designing a recovery engine that utilizes the waste heat of secondary energy sources. The applied potential of using the effect is based on the possibility of utilizing the heat of various secondary energy sources, such as exhaust gases of heat engines, up to low potential sources, since today there are materials that carry out a second-order phase transition already at 20 °C.
Cycloidal reducer with rotation external ring gear
Authors: Kormin T G , Tsumbu J-D B
Published: December 2020

Process of modelling cycloidal reducer with rotation external ring gear is presented in this article. Due to industrial interest in such devices, the prototype cycloidal reducer with rotation external ring gear for the stepping motor Nema 23 is shown. The program for creation of a wave profile of the planet for CAD packets became result.
Control and optimization of technological processes for forming nanoscale films for sensitive sensor elements
Authors: Mikhailov P G , Ualiyev Zh , Kabdoldina A , Sokolov A V
Published: December 2020

Modern metal film sensors are used in products and systems of rocket, space and aviation equipment, in extreme operating conditions. In order for the sensors to function correctly in such conditions, they must have a high temporary stability over the entire life of operation and storage. In addition, metal film sensors are often operated at elevated temperatures and under the influence of large-scale vibration and shock. Therefore, they must have high mechanical static and dynamic strength. Increased requirements for the reliability, accuracy and strength of metal film sensors force designers and technologists to develop new design and technological solutions that ensure the regular operation of sensors in products and systems of rocket, space and flight equipment.
Application of multi-agent approach to development of the petrol dispatching system of gas stations network
Authors: Aksyonov Konstantin , Ayvazyan Hambardzum , Aksyonova Olga
Published: December 2020

This work is devoted to questions of analysis, planning and modeling of logistics processes and delivery for oil products supply networks of gas stations. The task of organizing the petroleum product supply process is a complex task of great dimension, which actually comes down to long-term and short-term transportation planning, as well as the operational management of vehicles and the solution of situational management and dispatch tasks. The report discusses the solution of the problem of oil and gas supply to a network of gas stations using a hybrid approach (multi-agent and simulation), as well as its software implementation in the form of a complex decision-making and simulation BPsim. This approach was applied to the “Bashneft” network of petrol stations in the Sverdlovsk Region.
Mathematical support of walking robots-tetrapods movement algorithms
Authors: Grekov E L , Shelikhov E S
Published: December 2020

This work presents a mathematical model that describes the movement of robots with four limbs (tetrapods). The relevance of the publication is justified by the popularity and increased demand for robotic devices used in production and everyday life. The main advantage of these machines is the ability to move over rough terrain, so are often used to perform transport and loading operations. The authors considered the most common movement scheme, taking into account the features of the kinematic scheme of this type devices. Tasks of transforming the coordinates of legs contact points of the supporting surface are formulated and solved to form tasks for controlling servo drives. The resulting mathematical expressions are universal for the considered robots and allow their statically stable movement in all directions and turning through a given angle. The obtained results can be used in development of algorithms of control programs for different microprocessor systems, in design of kinematics of these devices, in selection of optimal electromechanical equipment, as well as in creation of similar mathematical models for other types of walking robots. The materials of the article can be useful for engineers and scientists in the field of robotics and automation.
A plant with a rotary jet grinder to produce small fractions of mineral raw material
Authors: Bardovsky A D , Valeeva L M , Basyrov I I
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of studying a set of equipment including a centrifugal mill and a separator. It presents data on the plant’s design and operation, defines a rational shape of the working surface of the mill’s accelerating discs providing highly effective collision of particles moving in oncoming flows. As a result of theoretical studies, we established that the generatrix of such a surface should have the form of a logarithmic curve. Experimental studies have shown that the best quality of the plant operation is achieved with certain combinations of parameters, such as rotor speed, the distance between the ends of rotating rotors, and the air flow rate.
Multimodal transport network freight routing algorithms in optimization models
Authors: Lebedeva O A , Poltavskaya J O
Published: December 2020

The development of international trade is associated with global growth in trade. For the implementation of trade between different regions, multimodal transportation is used. The cost of international logistics reaches approximately 30-50% of the total cost of production, therefore, reducing transportation costs is one of the options to increase profits and maintain competitiveness in the world market. Thus, the optimization of freight routes for moving goods through a multimodal transport network is relevant. This study discusses the problems of planning multimodal transport routes from the point of view of developing models and algorithms: characteristics of optimization models; selection of optimization models; solving optimization models with heuristic algorithms.
Prediction of residual life of complex electromechanical systems based on small training samples
Authors: Lekomtsev P V
Published: December 2020

A model for predicting the residual life of complex electromechanical systems based on small training samples is presented. The developed algorithm involves the use of a probabilistic model of a complex electromechanical system. The statistical characteristics of the model parameters are determined by training samples, that is, by past experience of the functioning of this or similar system. The developed algorithm is based on recognition and forecasting algorithms based on a Wald’s sequential decision-making procedure, a modified V. S. Pugachev canonical decomposition, and an improved Parzen window density estimation algorithm.
Improvement of the workers labour rationing and motivation methodology for the manufacturing shop
Authors: Matalasov S Y , Kuznetsova E Y , Podoliak O O
Published: December 2020

The hypothesis considered in the work is that it is possible to normalize all works carried out at the production site and to use these norms to build a successful system of remuneration and motivation of personnel. To prove this hypothesis, the most complex and responsible in margin terms load section of the production plant was chosen. The work analyzed the causes of downtime and their impact on the productivity of workers and on the level of remuneration. The method of determining the worker’s earnings depending on the unit of indicators and parameters is proposed.
Investment behaviour of machine-building enterprises and the capital cost
Authors: Bolotin A V , Ershov A V , Markova Yu N , Kalinina L L
Published: December 2020

The formation of an effective financial and investment model of engineering production requires the organization of capital cost management. This article is intended to consider the extent to which the features of the investment behaviour of Russian engineering enterprises affect the cost of capital.
Assessment of the effect of humidity of air-cooled in the absorption refrigeration machine on the operation of an energy gas turbine
Authors: Mendeleev D I , Marin G E , Galitskii Yu Ya , Savina M V
Published: December 2020

Due to the fact that the construction of combined cycle plants has become the main trend in the development of the world heat power industry in the last two decades studies of the operating modes and operation of such equipment are very relevant at the moment. The aim of this work is to study the effect of chilled air in an absorption refrigeration machine on the operation of a stationary gas turbine installation. The operation of a gas turbine installation is affected by the temperature of the surrounding air due to changes in its density and humidity at different temperatures and because of the different useful work of the gas turbine. The standard adopted in the design of gas turbines is 15 °C. An increase in ambient temperature leads to a decrease in the generated power of the gas turbine. The influence of gas turbine power from ambient air can be reduced by means of cooling units for incoming air (absorption refrigeration machine (ARM)), or by modernizing the gas flow part of gas turbines and injecting water or carbon dioxide. This study is devoted to the influence of humidity of air entering the gas turbine compressor from the ARM, where it was previously cooled. It was noted that air humidity affects the efficiency of the ARM and therefore the useful power of gas turbines. The power of a gas turbine can be increased to 7-9 MW when using the ARM.
Gradients in rails at long-term operation
Authors: Yuriev Anton , Kormyshev Vasiliy , Glezer Alexander , Gromov Victor , Ivanov Yurii , Semin Alexander
Published: December 2020

Long-term operation of rails is accompanied by the formation of the gradient structural constituents consisting in the regular change in relative content of lamellar pearlite, fractured pearlite and structure of ferrite-carbide mixture in cross-selection of rail head. As the distance to the surface of railsincreases the relative content of metal volume with the structure of lamellar pearlite decreases and that with the structure of fractured pearlite and ferrite-carbide mixture increases. The ferrite-carbide mixture structure has a nanodimentional range of grains, subgrains and particles of the carbide phase forming it.
The theoretical substantiation of the roller diameter of a versatile tillage implement
Authors: Zykin Evgeny , Lazutkina Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to a soil compacting implement. To improve the quality of soil cultivation before sowing, a versatile tillage tool has been designed which consists of a frame, loosening and leveling rollers, and rods with springs. The versatility of the implement lies in the fact that it can be used in combination with disc harrows, cultivators, grain seeders and units for the main moldboard or non-moldboard tillage. Theoretical studies have demonstrated that when the hollow cylinder of the roller interacts with a clod of soil, two normal forces N
1 and N
2 arise. The resulting force N = N
1 + N
2 tends to push the soil clod out of the clearance area between the hollow cylinder and the surface of the field in the direction of the positive part of the Ox axis. The friction force F
2 arises between the surfaces of the soil clod and the soil and the force F
1 between the surface of the hollow cylinder and the soil. The resulting frictional force F = F
1 + F
2 is directed opposite the movement direction (rotation) of the leveling roller. Preliminary theoretical calculations showed that the minimum diameter of the hollow cylinder should be at least 0.35 m, and the height of the annular compacting components and pointed rippers should not exceed 6 cm. Then the total outer diameter of the leveling roller will be 0.47 m. It was proven in the course of theoretical studies that the minimum diameter of the hollow cylinder of the leveling roller depends on the quantity hcm of the soil compaction, the maximum size of soil clods left after the pass of the loosening roller, and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.
A device for harvesting and utilization of non-grain part of crop and fertilization
Authors: Borisova Svetlana M , Papusha Sergey K , Papusha Vladimir K
Published: December 2020

An effective method of harvesting grain crops using straw for fertilization, which can be carried out by installing a device on the harvester for spraying the crushed straw mass with a working liquid using a pneumatic slot sprayer designed in Kuban State Agrarian University. The device and the process of operation of this device with pneumatic slotted sprayers of working fluid are considered. Various parameters of sprayers have been studied: the air pressure supplied to the spray jet and the position of the equalizing tank that regulate the static pressure of fertilizers for setting the specified flow rate.
The algorithm for determining the effect on the dynamic characteristics of the fuel composition on the properties of the working process of the gas-diesel engine
Authors: Akhtulov A L , Dadayan S E , Edigarov V R , Maly V V
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the method of determining the optimal composition of the components of the combined fuel taking into account the heat-dynamic tension in the operation of the diesel engine on a mixture of diesel fuel and natural gas, i.e. the gas-diesel cycle. The calculation was based on the method developed by A. V. Grinevetsky and M. N. Mezingom, taking into account the specific conditions of the diesel engine on a mixture of natural gas and diesel fuel. The peculiarity of the mathematical model is that the optimal composition of the fuel components is initially unknown and is indicated as an array. The search for the optimal ratio of fuel components will take into account the heat and Dynamo tension. The resulting model can be used in the study of the diesel engine on other alternative fuels. Thus, it is possible to significantly improve the quality of the fuel combustion process, thereby increasing the engine power and ensuring the environmental safety of exhaust gases.
Optimization of composite wing spars for an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Aung Naing Lin , Tatarnikov Oleg , Aung Phyo Wai
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the weight optimizing of an unmanned aerial vehicle wing spar was designed by using composite material. The optimization parameters were considered, respectively: the wing mass, the location of the spars and ribs, and the spars mass. Determined the selecting of wing spars locations for optimizing spars design based on the minimum weight of the wing. Layer optimizing was used to reduce the weight of composite wing spars. The thickness of front spar and rear spar element such as web and flange were optimized by criterion of allowable normal stress and deflection. The analysis of stress-strain state for all variants were carried out in the FEMAP software package. As the result of analysis, the total weights of composite wing spars reduced 18.17% than the original spars.
Analysis of power efficiency and agility of a combination vehicle with active semi-trailer by mathematical simulation
Authors: Byakov K E , Chudakov O I , Gorelov V A , Gartfelder V A
Published: December 2020

This article gives an estimate of power consumption at curves and the swept path width for a combination vehicle with steered and non-steered wheels of semi-trailer. Several options of power distribution between the combination vehicle sections are discussed.
Method of studying the dynamics of the controlled mechanical continuously variable transmission with an elastic element and one-way clutch
Authors: Derzhansky V B , Cherepanov S V , Volkov A A
Published: December 2020

In comparison with other types of transmissions currently used, mechanical continuously variable transmissions are capable of providing significant technical and economic advantages, which makes research in this area relevant. This paper presents a mechanical and mathematical method that allows for studying the dynamic processes that take place during operating a controlled mechanical continuously variable transmission with an elastic element and a one-way clutch which provides for transmitting torque to the driven shaft in one direction only.
Study of the dynamic behavior of rolling stock using a computer experiment
Authors: Kuzyshyn A , Batig A , Kostritsa S , Sobolevska J , Dovhaniuk S , Dzhus V
Published: December 2020

The authors of the article analyzed existing software systems that are used to study the dynamic behavior of rolling stock, and also emphasized the importance of using a computer experiment to implement this task. An improved spatial mathematical model of the dynamic behavior of a freight wagon when it interacts with a rail track is considered, and it is proposed to study it using an object-oriented approach using the Maple software package. To accomplish this task by writing procedures, separate modules (subprograms) were created that included differential equations of motion for the individual components of the object under study. Based on existing procedures, the main module was created, which reflected the sequence of performing certain functions (calling up the necessary information, especially the use of logic, methods for solving the problem, as well as visualizing the results). Using the created modules in the Maple software package, a computer experiment was used to study the dynamic behavior of a freight car when it interacted with a rail, and also showed the possibility of taking into account the influence of individual parameters of its technical condition on its dynamic behavior.
3D model to study transitional regimes of train motion
Authors: Markova O , Kovtun H , Maliy V
Published: December 2020

When considering issues of increasing train speeds, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary assessment of the entire train dynamic characteristics and forces acting in the elements of cars and a locomotive, as well as in inter-car connections when driving at high speeds along a path of arbitrary shape in plan and profile, and also to consider emergency situations, which may take place during the motion. This in turn requires the development of reliable mathematical models simulating the train motion. The study of dynamic characteristics of railway rolling stock is associated with the consideration of vibrations of complex mechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom. The vibrations of cars in the train can be described either by one-dimensional or spatial model. The aim of this work is to show that for some studied cases the modelling of train motion by 3D models more accurately reflects the processes occurring in a moving train. Some results are discussed in the paper.
Study of the interaction of the railway track and the rolling stock under conditions of accelerated movement
Authors: Hubar O , Markul R , Tiutkin O , Andrieiev V , Arbuzov M , Kovalchuk O
Published: December 2020

Comprehensive studies of the interaction of the railway track and the investigated rolling stock under accelerated conditions have been carried out. The basis of the research was to obtain and substantiate the process of stress state, force interaction of the railway track and the rolling stock under conditions of accelerated movement. Introduction of the new rolling stock into continuous operation is a serious task that must be solved comprehensively. The implementation of this direction significantly affects the reliability of the elements of the railway track. Within the framework of the research, the approach was used that takes into account theoretical and experimental parts of the research using the methodology of prof. O. P. Yershkov. As a result of the studies, average stress values were established: in rails, they variate within the range 44.37…70.99 MPa; in the sleeper, they reach 0.78 MPa; in the ballast layer, they have 0.13 MPa; in the body of the subgrade, they reach 0.04 MPa, which is significantly less than the maxima allowable values. While speed change from 140 to 160 km/h, the values of the studied parameters decrease: vertical force (9.39 %), lateral forces (19.79 %); stresses in the edge of the rail flange (15.86 %); stresses in the edge of the rail head (16.67 %); stresses in the neck of the rail (8.74 %). The obtained results made it possible to form trends and recommendations on the feasibility of further increasing speeds development. At the same time, this made it possible to substantiate in more detail the operation of the railway track in the case of accelerated movement.