bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Kendali Platform Duckietown untuk Menjaga Jarak Aman 2 Autonomous Car
Authors: Victorious Michael Emmanuel , Khoswanto Handry
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini memanfaatkan platform edukasi yang memiliki fokus pada pengembangan autonomous car yaitu Duckietown. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan platform Duckietown agar autonomous car (Duckiebot) dapat memiliki kemampuan untuk menjaga jarak aman. Platform Duckietown menggunakan Robot Operating System (ROS) sebagai kerangka dasar daripada pemrograman untuk autonomous car (Duckiebot). Pada penelitian ini, digunakan pola circle grid untuk mendeteksi adanya autonomous car lain serta melakukan pengukuran jarak dengan memanfaatkan OpenCV dalam image processing. Jarak yang dihasilkan dari hasil proses penangkapan gambar, digunakan dalam proportional control yang akan mengontrol besar kecepatan autonomous car. Beberapa pengujian yang dilakukan pada sistem adalah meliputi pengukuran akurasi pembacaan jarak, durasi pembacaan jarak, dan respon proportional control. Hasil daripada pengujian sistem menunjukkan, autonomous car dapat menjaga jarak aman terhadap autonomous car lain di depannya walau terdapat error pada pembacaan jarak serta didapati bahwa hasil respon proportional control dipengaruhi oleh durasi pembacaan jarak.
Indurated Plaque With Ulceration on the Dorsum of the Left Hand
Authors: Li Juanjuan , Wu Xiaomo , Chen Borui
Published: November 2022

A man in his 70s presented with a 6-month history of a rash on the left forearm, which gradually increased in severity. What is your diagnosis?
Expression pattern of secretory‐cell‐related transcriptional signatures in colon adenocarcinomas defines tumor microenvironment characteristics and correlates with clinical outcomes
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Lingbo , Xi Shaoyan , Zhang Yue , Liu Zhihong , Zeng Dongqiang , Sun Huiying , Wu Jianhua , Wang Ling , Shi Min , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Liao Wangjun
Published: November 2022

Despite the connection of secretory cells to distinct mucus‐containing colon cancer histological subtypes and the interaction of secretory cells with immune cells in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory diseases, whether the secretory cell signatures are associated with tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity and can aid in colon cancer patient classification have not been investigated. Here, by performing the principal component analysis and consensus clustering analysis, we identified four distinct expression patterns based on secretory cell signatures which were significantly associated with different clinical behaviors, TME landscape, pathway activation, genomic mutations, and DNA methylation characteristics. Subsequently, a ‘SCS score’ model was constructed. The high SCS score indicated a pattern of ‘secretory cell subtype 2’, which was characterized by stromal infiltration and activation, and predicted poor prognosis and low sensitivity to fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy and immunotherapy, but high sensitivity to PI3K catalytic subunit inhibitors. In conclusion, our study comprehensively uncovered the tumor heterogeneity related to secretory cell signature expression patterns. Moreover, the SCS score can supplement routine histopathological assessments to guide personalized therapeutic strategies in colon cancer patients.
On the feasibility of improved target coverage without compromising organs at risk using online adaptive stereotactic partial breast irradiation (A‐SPBI)
Authors: Montalvo Steven K. , Kim Nathan , Nwachukwu Chika , Alluri Prasanna , Parsons David , Lin Mu‐Han , Cai Bin , Zhuang Tingliang , Hrycushko Brian , Chen Liyuan , Timmerman Robert , Rahimi Asal
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Describe an early‐adopting institution's experience with online adaptive radiation for stereotactic partial breast irradiation.

Methods and materials

Retrospective review of 22 women treated between May 2021 and March 2022 with adaptive stereotactic partial breast irradiation. A total of 106 of 110 fractions were evaluated for dosimetric changes in target coverage and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) dose. Patient set up with stereotactic wooden frame and adapted per fraction. Treatment and planning times were collected prospectively by radiation therapists.

Results

Scheduled PTV30 Gy was <95% in 72.1% and <90% in 38.5% of fractions, and both PTV and CTV coverage were improved significantly after adaption, and 83.7% of fractions were delivered as adapted per physician choice. There was no difference in OAR coverage. Average adaptive treatment planning took 15 min and average time‐on‐couch was 34.4 min.

Conclusions

Adaptive stereotactic breast irradiation resulted in improved target coverage with equivalent dosing to OARs in an efficient and tolerated treatment time. Improved target coverage allowed for decreased PTV margins compared to prior trial protocols that may improve acute and late toxicities.
Patterned Duplex Fabric Based on Genetically Modified Spidroin for Smart Wound Management
Authors: Lin Baoyang , Yuan Liquan , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang
Published: November 2022

The treatment of diabetic wounds remains a great challenge for the medical community. Here, a smart patterned DNA double helix (duplex)‐like fabric based on genetically modified spider silk protein (PDF‐S) which is inspired by soft plant tendrils, is proposed for diabetic wound treatment. Benefiting from spider silk protein (spidroin); PDF‐S is equipped with high strength; high toughness, and excellent biocompatibility. Notably, the fabric crimped through the biomimetic DNA double‐helix‐like structure can effectively adapt to tensile impact and the maximum stretch rate reaches 1500%. A pattern‐based microfluidic channel of PDF‐S allowed wound secretion to flow spontaneously through the channel. Meanwhile; due to the optical properties of the introduced photonic crystal structure; PDF‐S is equipped with fluorescence enhancement properties; enabling PDF‐S to display color‐sensitive behavior suitable for wound monitoring and guiding clinical treatment. In addition, to enable sensitive motion monitoring, microelectronic circuits are integrated on the surface of the PDF‐S. These unique material features suggest that this study will lead to a new generation of biomimetic artificial spider silk materials for design and application in the biomedical field.
Injectable Anti‐Inflammatory Supramolecular Nanofiber Hydrogel to Promote Anti‐VEGF Therapy in Age‐Related Macular Degeneration Treatment
Authors: Gao Huiqin , Chen Muchao , Liu Yan , Zhang Dandan , Shen Jingjing , Ni Ni , Tang Zhimin , Ju Yahan , Dai Xiaochan , Zhuang Ai , Wang Zhaoyang , Chen Qian , Fan Xianqun , Liu Zhuang , Gu Ping
Published: November 2022

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and severe vision loss worldwide, while the currently available treatments are often unsatisfactory. Previous studies have demonstrated both inflammation and oxidative‐stress‐induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of aberrant development of blood vessels in wet AMD (wet‐AMD). Although antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (e.g., Ranibizumab) can impair the growth of new blood vessels, side effects are still found with repeated monthly intravitreal injections. Here, an injectable antibody‐loaded supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel is fabricated by simply mixing betamethasone phosphate (BetP), a clinic anti‐inflammatory drug, anti‐VEGF, the gold‐standard anti‐VEGF drug for AMD treatment, with CaCl2. Upon intravitreal injection, such BetP‐based hydrogel (BetP‐Gel), while enabling long‐term sustained release of anti‐VEGF to inhibit vascular proliferation in the retina and attenuate choroidal neovascularization, can also scavenge reactive oxygen species to reduce local inflammation. Remarkably, such BetP‐Gel can dramatically prolong the effective treatment time of conventional anti‐VEGF therapy. Notably, anti‐VEGF‐loaded supramolecular hydrogel based on all clinically approved agents may be readily translated into clinical use for AMD treatment, with the potential to replace the current anti‐VEGF therapy.
Nanoheterojunction‐Mediated Thermoelectric Strategy for Cancer Surgical Adjuvant Treatment and β‐Elemene Combination Therapy
Authors: Ji Xiaoyuan , Tang Zhongmin , Liu Haijun , Kang Yong , Chen Liqun , Dong Jinrui , Chen Wei , Kong Na , Tao Wei , Xie Tian
Published: November 2022

As an indispensable strategy for tumor treatment, surgery may cause two major challenges: tumor recurrence and wound infection. Here, a thermoelectric therapeutic strategy is provided as either an independent cancer therapy or surgical adjuvant treatment. Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST) and Bi2Te2.8Se0.2 (BTS) nanoplates composed of Z‐scheme thermoelectric heterojunction (BST/BTS) are fabricated via a two‐step hydrothermal processes. The contact between BST and BTS constructs an interfacial electric field due to Fermi energy level rearrangement, guiding electrons in the conductive band (CB) of BTS combine with the holes in the valance band (VB) of BST, leaving stronger reduction/oxidation potentials of electrons and holes in the CB of BST and the VB of BTS. Moreover, under a mild temperature gradient, another self‐built‐in electric field is formed facilitating the migration of electrons and holes to their surfaces. Based on the PEGylated BST/BTS heterojunction, a novel thermoelectric therapy platform is developed through intravenous injection of BST/BTS and external cooling of the tumors. This thermoelectric strategy is also proved effective for combination cancer therapy with β‐elemene. Moreover, the combination of heterojunction and hydrogel is administrated on the wound after surgery, achieving efficient residual tumor treatment and antibacterial effects.
A Universal Tandem Device of DC‐Driven Electrochromism and AC‐Driven Electroluminescence for Multi‐Functional Smart Windows
Authors: Cai Yulu , Yang Biao , Ji Junpeng , Sun Fuchang , Zhao Yiqian , Yu Lirong , Zhao Changbin , Liu Manyu , Liu Mingqiang , He Yaowu , Zhang Chaohong , Meng Hong
Published: November 2022

With the development of modern technology, the functions of smart windows are expected to be more abundant apart from reducing energy consumption. A viable and popular solution is to develop a versatile product. Here a multi‐functional tandem device enabled by ionic gels to form a smart glass that can be applied in manifold scenarios, is reported. The ionic gels successfully fulfill the multiple tasks of simultaneously being electrolytes, ion storage medium, as well as transparent electrodes, and help heighten the overall transparency of the devices. The novel tandem configuration simply consists of five stacking functional layers and is universal for DC‐driven electrochromic and AC‐driven electroluminescent sub‐devices. The newly‐developed devices demonstrate magnificent characteristics of high and tunable transparency (0–77%), selective infrared shielding ability, diversified displaying and decoration, excellent stability (3000 cycles), and even flexibility. Multifarious application scenarios of the structure in diversified device forms are proposed and presented. The proposed device architecture provides a facile methodology to fabricate functional devices and will provoke infinite novel ideas for developing the next‐generation smart windows.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of N‐Tosylhydrazones with ortho‐Bromophenethyl Tosylamides
Authors: Zhang Jieming , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Wu Qi , Zhang Junliang
Published: November 2022

A Pd‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) via cyclization of ortho‐bromophenethyl tosylamides with aryl N‐tosylhydrazones in the presence of base was developed. The reaction is believed to proceed via the oxidative addition of palladium with ortho‐bromophenethyl tosylamides, followed by carbene insertion and cyclization. The carbene species were generated in‐situ from the aryl N‐tosylhydrazones and KOtBu.

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Bioinspired Multifunctional E‐skin for Robot Dynamic Tactile Real‐Time Feedback Systems Using Triboelectric Sensors and Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Wang Feng‐xia , Fang Ping , Wang Ming‐jiong , Liu Hui‐cong , Lu Wen‐xiao , Chen Tao , Sun Li‐ning
Published: November 2022

Designing efficient robot dynamic tactile feedback systems remains a great challenge, especially in disaster relief and human‐computer interaction, because they need to provide timely tactile and visual data. Herein, a novel bioinspired electronic skin (e‐skin) is proposed based on self‐powered triboelectric sensor (TES) arrays and electrochromic device (ECD) arrays. Single‐electrode TES arrays (TESA) are used to detect pressure distribution at the different positions of the robot. The ECD arrays (ECDs) are used as the real‐time visualization window to provide feedback on the pressure distribution by the change in the color of the e‐skin. The bioinspired e‐skin arrayed system possesses a similar capability to Chameleon, displaying the pressure information on the contact surface between the robot and object in real‐time via interactive color‐changing capabilities, such as the location, degree, and distribution. Moreover, the proposed e‐skin can be used as a feedback system for large‐scale curved robot surfaces due to its flexibility, large‐scale process, and excellent compatibility. Thus, the novel design, large‐scale process, and self‐powered advantages make it a good candidate to pave the way for developing human‐robot interactions as robot dynamic tactile real‐time feedback systems.
Vegetation dynamics in nitrogen‐fertilized versus mixed legume‐smooth bromegrass pastures interseeded with sorghum‐sudangrass
Authors: Guretzky John A. , Hillhouse Heidi , MacDonald James C.
Published: November 2022

Interseeding annual warm‐season grasses may increase forage and pasture productivity. From 2017 to 2019, we conducted a grazing experiment that examined smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pasture responses to interseeding sorghum‐sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan]. The experiment had a split‐plot design with six main plots each containing two, 0.60‐ha pasture subplots (i.e., 12 total subplots). The six main plots included three replications each of two pasture types: (A) nitrogen (N)‐fertilized smooth bromegrass (FERT) and (B) mixed legume‐smooth bromegrass [LEG; alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)]. The subplots included sorghum‐sudangrass interseeded and unseeded control treatments. Each pasture subplot, which supported two steers (Bos taurus) from spring through summer, contained six, 0.10‐ha sub‐subplots for rotational stocking. Sorghum‐sudangrass was interseeded after stocking cycle 2 in two of the sub‐subplots in the interseeded subplot each year. Vegetation responses were evaluated in these sub‐subplots and in two adjacent sub‐subplots in the unseeded control subplot. Across years, sampling dates, and subplot treatments, the LEG main plots supported 7% greater forage biomass (2743 ± 102 kg ha−1) and six more grazing days than the FERT main plots (2552 ± 111 kg ha−1). Sorghum‐sudangrass interseeded sub‐subplots, however, had 36% greater forage biomass than unseeded sub‐subplots pre‐grazing in stocking cycle 5. To optimize forage biomass, producers should fertilize in early spring or maintain legumes in smooth bromegrass pastures. Interseeding sorghum‐sudangrass provides an option to increase late‐summer forage biomass.
Tissue mosaicism, FMR1 expression and intellectual functioning in males with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Baker Emma K. , Arpone Marta , Bui Minh , Kraan Claudine M. , Ling Ling , Francis David , Hunter Mathew F. , Rogers Carolyn , Field Michael J. , Santa María Lorena , Faundes Víctor , Curotto Bianca , Morales Paulina , Trigo Cesar , Salas Isabel , Alliende Angelica M. , Amor David J. , Godler David E.
Published: November 2022

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by hypermethylation of the FMR1 promoter due to the full mutation expansion (full mutation [FM]: CGG ≥ 200 repeats) and silencing of FMR1. Assessment of mosaicism for active‐unmethylated alleles has prognostic utility. This study examined relationships between FMR1 methylation in different tissues with FMR1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and intellectual functioning in 87 males with FXS (1.89–43.17 years of age). Methylation sensitive Southern blot (mSB) and Methylation Specific‐Quantitative Melt Aanalysis (MS‐QMA) were used to examine FMR1 methylation. FMR1 mRNA levels in blood showed strong relationships with FMR1 methylation assessed using MS‐QMA in blood (n = 68; R2 = 0.597; p = 1.4 × 10−10) and buccal epithelial cells (BEC) (n = 62; R2 = 0.24; p = 0.003), with these measures also showing relationships with intellectual functioning scores (p < 0.01). However, these relationships were not as strong for mSB, with ~40% of males with only FM alleles that were 100% methylated and non‐mosaic by mSB, showing methylation mosaicism by MS‐QMA. This was confirmed through presence of detectable levels of FMR1 mRNA in blood. In summary, FMR1 methylation levels in blood and BEC examined by MS‐QMA were significantly associated with FMR1 mRNA levels and intellectual functioning in males with FXS. These relationships were not as strong for mSB, which underestimated prevalence of mosaicism.
Structural characterisation of novel mononuclear Schiff base metal complexes, DFT calculations, molecular docking studies, free radical scavenging, DNA binding evaluation and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Abdel Aziz Ayman A. , Ramadan Ramadan M. , Sidqi Mina E. , Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: November 2022

New mononuclear metal complexes (M = Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) derived from a novel tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base ligand (H2L) were efficiently produced. Physico‐chemical and spectroscopic approaches were used to characterize the synthesized metal complexes. The data indicated that the synthesized Schiff base acted as a tetradentate ligand and linked to various metal ions through the imine group's nitrogen and the phenolate oxygen. The capability of the produced complexes to bind CT‐DNA using absorbance, fluorescence, viscosity and thermal denaturation assays along with DPPH radical scavenging was evaluated. The results revealed that both Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes have a higher binding affinity and antioxidant activity when compared with other complexes. In vitro anti‐proliferative activity of the new complexes using MTT assay was also performed against tumor cell lines HepG‐2 and MCF‐7. The results showed good activity on comparing with the reference medication cisplatin. Molecular geometry of metal complexes was examined using density functional theory (DFT) simulations. In addition, the DNA‐interaction studies of complexes were validated by molecular docking experiments using molecular operating environment (MOE) software.
Influence of surface treatment on properties of Cocos nucifera L. Var typica fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Brailson Mansingh Bright , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Siengchin Suchart , Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Published: November 2022

Natural fibers are a powerful competitor in the polymer composite market due to their availability, sustainability, obtainability, cost, and biodegradability. The surface of natural fibers was changed to increase mechanical qualities, hydrophobicity, and bonding with polymer matrix. This study exposes the influence of several surface treatments of coconut tree peduncle fibers (CTPFs) on the thermomechanical and water absorption properties of CTPF‐reinforced polymer composites. The CTPFs were treated with sodium hydroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium permanganate and stearic acid at a constant 40 wt% and individually reinforced in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix containing 60 wt% CTPFs. Chemically treated CTPFs improved reinforcement‐matrix adhesion and enhanced composite mechanical characteristics. In addition, the scanning electron microscope fractographical study of stressed composite specimens shows improved reinforcement‐matrix bonding. Moreover, the treated CTPFs have a higher cellulose wt%, which improves the composites crystalline nature, hydrophobicity and thermal stability. The potassium permanganate treated CTPF composite's maximum tensile strength of 128 MPa, flexural strength of 119 MPa, impact strength of 9.9 J/cm2, hardness value of 99 HRRW and thermal stability up to 193°C make them appropriate for lightweight mobility and structural applications.
Intensification of a distant hurricane by warm‐core eddies in the Gulf Stream in boreal fall
Authors: Fujiwara Keita , Kawamura Ryuichi
Published: November 2022

This study investigated how warm‐core eddies (WCEs) in the Gulf Stream (GS) modulated the intensity of a distant tropical cyclone (TC) approaching the current in October. We performed cloud‐resolving regional simulations including a control run with the observed WCEs and a sensitivity run excluding the WCEs. These simulations found that the WCEs played a favorable role in the development of the distant TC. The WCEs affected the synoptic‐scale thermodynamic environments over the North Atlantic through the enhanced heat and moisture supply from the GS, increasing the moisture imports toward the distant TC. The WCEs‐enhanced moisture influx created very moist environments in the inner core. This inner‐core moistening was favorable for deep eyewall convection and an associated TC secondary circulation, leading to TC development. This result indicates the importance of WCEs in facilitating the remote process leading to TC development that previous studies have proposed.
From correlation to causation: The new frontier of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Rothi Mohd Hafiz , Greer Eric Lieberman
Published: November 2022

While heredity is predominantly controlled by what deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences are passed from parents to their offspring, a small but growing number of traits have been shown to be regulated in part by the non‐genetic inheritance of information. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is defined as heritable information passed from parents to their offspring without changing the DNA sequence. Work of the past seven decades has transitioned what was previously viewed as rare phenomenology, into well‐established paradigms by which numerous traits can be modulated. For the most part, studies in model organisms have correlated transgenerational epigenetic inheritance phenotypes with changes in epigenetic modifications. The next steps for this field will entail transitioning from correlative studies to causal ones. Here, we delineate the major molecules that have been implicated in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in both mammalian and non‐mammalian models, speculate on additional molecules that could be involved, and highlight some of the tools which might help transition this field from correlation to causation.
Description of the normal gastric mucosa in anatomy education: How many leukocytes are acceptable?
Authors: Gocht Andreas , Schumacher Udo
Published: November 2022

Textbooks covering normal human histology illustrate an allegedly normal gastric mucosa containing significant infiltrates of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria. This standard description seems to conflict with the pathologist's criterion for normality, which specifies only a few or a complete absence of inflammatory cells. Eventually, both anatomists and pathologists face the dilemma: how much infiltrate should their students and medical colleagues be told is acceptable for the gastric mucosa to be classified as normal? Summarizing the suggestions of experts in gastroenterology and our own experience, a simple approach could be to accept no more than five mononuclear and plasma cells per high power field as normal (400‐fold magnification with a field area of 0.24 mm2). The divergence of views on this topic illustrates the need for anatomists and pathologists to find a consensus about the definition of “normal” tissues.
Accumulation of Four Electrons on a Terphenyl (Bis)disulfide
Authors: Schmid Lucius , Fokin Igor , Brändlin Mathis , Wagner Dorothee , Siewert Inke , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: November 2022

The activation of N2, CO2 or H2O to energy‐rich products relies on multi‐electron transfer reactions, and consequently it seems desirable to understand the basics of light‐driven accumulation of multiple redox equivalents. Most of the previously reported molecular acceptors merely allow the storage of up to two electrons. We report on a terphenyl compound including two disulfide bridges, which undergoes four‐electron reduction in two separate electrochemical steps, aided by a combination of potential compression and inversion. Under visible‐light irradiation using the organic super‐electron donor tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, a cascade of light‐induced reaction steps is observed, leading to the cleavage of both disulfide bonds. Whereas one of them undergoes extrusion of sulfur to result in a thiophene, the other disulfide is converted to a dithiolate. These insights seem relevant to enhance the current fundamental understanding of photochemical energy storage.
Differences in the Reactivity of Geminal Si−O−P and Al−O−P Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Wickemeyer Lucas , Hartmann Lukas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: November 2022

The new oxygen‐bridged geminal Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) tBu2P−O−Si(C2F5)3 (2) is able to reversibly bind carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. We compared its reactivity towards benzil, but‐3‐en‐2‐one, nitriles and phenylacetylene to that of the Al/P FLP tBu2P−O−AlBis2 (Bis=−CH(SiMe3)2) (1). When reacted with benzil, both, 1 and 2, form the 1,2‐addition product, but in the Si/P FLP 2, the second carbonyl function additionally binds to the silicon atom. With but‐3‐en‐2‐one 2 forms the 1,2‐addition product, while 1 binds in 1,4‐position. The reaction with acetonitrile yielded an unexpected etheneimine adduct for both systems, while only 1 reacted with tert‐butylnitrile. With benzonitrile and acrylonitrile, 2 showed reversible addition to the C≡N bond and 1 forms a stable adduct with benzonitrile. Solely 1 shows reactivity towards phenylacetylene affording a mixture of the CH deprotonation adduct tBu2P(H)−O−AlBis2(CCPh) and the FLP −C≡C 1,2‐addition adduct under ring formation. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, XRD and elemental analysis.
Canadian contributions to environmetrics
Authors: Dean Charmaine B. , El‐Shaarawi Abdel H. , Esterby Sylvia R. , Mills Flemming Joanna , Routledge Richard D. , Taylor Stephen W. , Woolford Douglas G. , Zidek James V. , Zwiers Francis W.
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on the importance of collaboration in statistics by Canadian researchers and highlights the contributions that Canadian statisticians have made to many research areas in environmetrics. We provide a discussion about different vehicles that have been developed for collaboration by Canadians in the environmetrics context as well as specific scientific areas that are focused on environmetrics research in Canada including climate science, forestry, and fisheries, which are areas of importance for natural resources in Canada.
Artificialintelligence‐basedremote monitoring system for automated anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nalamani Govardhan Praveena , Surendranath Srigitha , Sundararajan Manju
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are employed in the remote monitoring system which experiences a huge delay due to the excessive time consumption by the image processing techniques. The existing video surveillance system is unable to detect the anomaly accurately and falls short in classifying the routine activity and the anomaly activities. Therefore, an efficient anomaly detection model is necessitated for identifying the anomaly behavior of malicious nodes in the WSN environment. This research work introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI)‐based remote monitoring system for WSN. Primarily, the online video frames are retrieved from the wireless video sensors where the frames are generated by segmenting the entire stream of video as a constant‐sized structural frame. The sequence/stream of video segments is fed into the proposed AI framework to detect anomaly activities. It has multiple levels of hidden layers to compare the features of the input captured image with the preloaded reference image. Furthermore, a 5‐fold cross‐validation approach has been inspected to validate the efficacy of the suggested AI model. The performance results evident that the proposed AI system acquires a better prediction accuracy of 98.2% and precision of 97.3% than the existing monitoring systems.
Mapping Maize Mutants Using Bulked‐Segregant Analysis and Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Best Norman B. , McSteen Paula
Published: November 2022

Forward genetics is used to identify the genetic basis for a phenotype. The approach involves identifying a mutant organism exhibiting a phenotype of interest and then mapping the causative locus or gene. Bulked‐segregant analysis (BSA) is a quick and effective approach to map mutants using pools of mutants and wild‐type plants from a segregating population to identify linkage of the mutant phenotype, and this approach has been successfully used in plants. Traditional linkage mapping approaches are outdated and time intensive, and can be very difficult. With the highly evolved development and reduction in cost of high‐throughput sequencing, this new approach combined with BSA has become extremely effective in multiple plant species, including Zea mays (maize). While the approach is incredibly powerful, careful experimental design, bioinformatic mapping techniques, and interpretation of results are important to obtain the desired results in an effective and timely manner. Poor design of a mapping population, limitations in bioinformatic experience, and inadequate understanding of sequence data are limitations of these approaches for the researcher. Here, we describe a straightforward protocol for mapping mutations responsible for a phenotype of interest in maize, using high‐throughput sequencing and BSA. Specifically, we discuss relevant aspects of developing a mutant mapping population. This is followed by a detailed protocol for DNA preparation and analysis of short‐read sequences to map and identify candidate causative mutations responsible for the mutant phenotype of interest. We provide command‐line and perl scripts to complete the bioinformatic analysis of the mutant sequence data. This protocol lays out the design of the BSA, bioinformatic approaches, and interpreting the sequencing data. These methods are very adaptable to any forward genetics experiment and provide a step‐by‐step approach to identifying the genetic basis of a maize mutant phenotype. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Bulked‐segregant analysis and high‐throughput sequencing to map maize mutants
Metamutator based universal, single input multi output current mode filter
Authors: Göknar İzzet Cem , Minayi Elham
Published: November 2022

The introduction of Add ‐ Differentiate IC, AD‐IC, a new integrated circuit, into schemes for realizing single input multiple output current mode filters is the motivation behind this paper. In the circuit structure of this filter with only one active device with a minimal number of transistors and five passive components are being used. Non ideal effects of the design are investigated and simulation results of the application, using TSMC 0.25 μm process parameters with ±1.25 V power supply voltage and the bias as 0.8 V resulting in 0.99 mW power dissipation for the entire filter, are also presented to confirm the theoretical analysis. With this new design technique, the tunabilities of the angular frequency ( ) and quality factor ( ) can be performed independently.
Proficient link state routing in mobile ad hoc network‐based deep Q‐learning network optimized with chaotic bat swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Rahul P. , Kaarthick B.
Published: November 2022

Mobile ad‐hoc network (MANET) is a category of ad‐hoc network that can be reconfigurable its network. MANETS are self‐organized networks, that can use the wireless links to connect various networks via mobile nodes: but it consumes more energy and it also has routing problems. This is the major drawback of being connected with the MANET technology. Therefore, this study proposes a new protocol as deep Q‐learning network optimized with chaotic bat swarm optimization algorithm (CBS)‐based optimized link state routing (OLSR) (CBS‐OLSR) for MANET. This protocol reduces MANET energy usage and adopts OLSR multi‐point relay (MPR) technology. MANET's OLSR and the CBS algorithm utilize a similar method to locate the best optimum path from source to destination node. By embedding the new improved deep Q‐learning and OLSR algorithms, both are used for optimizing the MPR sets selection, it can efficiently diminish the energy consumption in the network topology, but automatically increase the lifespan of the network. It also enhances the package delivery ratio and decreases end‐to‐end delay. The experimental outcomes prove that the proposed protocol is reliable and proficient that is appropriate for numerous MANET applications.
Sexual imprinting leads to speciation in locally adapted populations
Authors: Sibly Richard M. , Curnow Robert N.
Published: November 2022

Sexual imprinting is widespread in birds and other species but its existence requires explanation. Our results suggest that sexual imprinting leads to speciation in locally‐adapted populations if a neutral mating cue—e.g., novel plumage coloration—arises through mutation. Importantly, the mating cue locus is not linked to adaptation loci. Local adaptation is a necessary precursor to speciation and occurs when evolution results in stable genetic polymorphisms with one allele predominating in some areas while others predominate elsewhere. Here we use a deterministic two‐niche population genetic model to map the set of migration and selection rates for which polymorphic evolutionary outcomes, i.e., local adaptations, can occur. Approximate equations for the boundaries of the set of polymorphic evolutionary outcomes were derived by Bulmer (American Naturalist, 106, 254, 1972), but our results, obtained by deterministic simulation of the evolutionary process, show that one of Bulmer's equations is inaccurate except when the level of dominance is 0.5, and fails if one of the alleles is dominant. Having an accurate map of the set of migration and selection rates for which polymorphic evolutionary outcomes can occur, we then show using the model of Sibly et al. (Ecology and Evolution, 9, 13506, 2019) that local adaptation in all analyzed cases leads to speciation if a new neutral mating cue arises by mutation. We finish by considering how genome sequencing makes possible testing our model and its predictions.
Pollen record of the Late Pleistocene–Holocene stratigraphic sequence and current plant biodiversity from Grotta Mora Cavorso (Simbruini Mountains, Central Italy)
Authors: D'Agostino Alessia , Di Marco Gabriele , Marvelli Silvia , Marchesini Marco , Martínez‐Labarga Juan Manuel , Rolfo Mario Federico , Canini Antonella , Gismondi Angelo
Published: November 2022

Grotta Mora Cavorso (Jenne, Latium), a complex karstic system in Central Italy, has returned one of the most precious Prehistoric palaeontological and anthropological heritage. Through the analysis of pollen spectra and charcoals from cave stratigraphic levels (Late Pleistocene final phases—Holocene), the overall vegetation trend of the site was pointed out. Although taphonomy and palynology of cave deposits are complex, pollen assemblage represents a reliable source for inferring past vegetation; indeed, climatic, environmental, and cultural interactions determine fossil pollen record. Site formation processes and postdepositional bias should be generally considered in the analysis of stratigraphic sequences used to define paleoenvironmental conditions. The sediment deposits from Grotta Mora Cavorso showed a vegetation pattern point in out a progressive increase in woody plants from lower levels upward. Palynological investigations highlighted a changing environment predominantly characterized by cooler and perhaps more humid conditions than today, with plant subalpine and marsh communities nearby the cave. The ecological requirements of the identified plant taxa supplied useful indications to reconstruct ancient and modern environments of the Simbruini Mounts and the Upper Aniene River valley. This scenario, in accordance with previous faunistic and carpological findings and palynological analyses from Latium, provided a further perspective on the vegetation history, biodiversity, and climate of an important crossroads between the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian coasts.
An underwater Serengeti: Seagrass‐mediated effects on intake and cultivation grazing behavior of a marine megaherbivore
Authors: Gulick Alexandra G. , Johnson Robert A. , Palma Laura A. , Kusel Ashley M. , Pollock Clayton G. , Hillis‐Starr Zandy , Bolten Alan B. , Bjorndal Karen A.
Published: November 2022

Populations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas), a megaherbivore that consumes seagrasses via cultivation grazing, are recovering worldwide. Information on plant‐mediated effects on herbivore foraging behavior is critical to understanding plant–herbivore interactions and sustainability of grazing as ecosystems continue to change. In a Caribbean seagrass ecosystem, we use stationary cameras and benthic surveys to evaluate the effects of seagrass morphology and leaf nitrogen content on green turtle grazing behavior.Thalassia testudinumleaf morphology has significant effects on forage intake (in milligrams of dry mass [DM] per minute) for green turtles, whereas leaf nitrogen content has no effect. Intake increases in grazed areas with shorter leaves and higher leaf biomass concentration (in milligrams of DM per cubic centimeter), indicating more efficient foraging under these conditions. Bite rate (in bites per minute) increases in grazed areas with short leaves, a result of reduced search time. Bite size (in milligrams of DM per bite) increases in grazed areas with short but dense canopies, because a turtle crops more shoots with each bite. Increased foraging efficiency and reduced search time in grazed areas with high biomass concentrations collectively maximize intake. Ingested leaves are shorter than the mean height of all available leaves in grazed areas, indicating herbivore selection for shorter leaves. Our estimate for daily intake is 86.1 g DM day−133‐kg turtle−1. Our study provides a novel contribution on the effects of plant‐level cues on the grazing behavior of a marine megaherbivore, and how cultivation grazing behavior optimizes the green turtle foraging strategy by maximizing foraging efficiency and intake.
Current Scenario and Recent Advancements from Tucumã Pulp Oil and Kernel Fat Processing
Authors: Ferreira Meire J. A. , Mota Maria F. S. , Mariano Renata G. B. , Freitas Suely P.
Published: November 2022

According to the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, the demand for edible oils and fats is growing. Tucumã is a native Amazonian fruit with high lipids content in the pulp and kernel. The pulp oil has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, mainly β‐carotene, a pro‐vitamin A. Kernel fat has high oxidative stability as it is rich in saturated fatty acids, with a predominance of lauric acid. Tucumã pulp oil and kernel fat can formulate functional fats due to their physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties. This paper aims to provide an overview of intellectual property and academic production about tucumã oil and fat. The increase in scientific production from 2001 to 2020 indicates that the research institutes have expanded interest in tucumã fruit. However, intellectual property using tucumã oil and fat for industrial applications is still modest. Using the selected keyword combinations, nineteen and ten papers related to pulp oil and kernel fat are met, respectively. The United States leads the patents publications related to tucumã fruit, oil, and fat (45%). Most patents are directed to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors (59%), demonstrating the necessity for studies focused on applications in the food industry.

Practical Applications: Tucumã pulp oil and kernel fat can be used to formulate functional fats due to their physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties. The tucumã pulp oil has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids, mainly β‐carotene, a pro‐vitamin A. The tucumã kernel fat presents high oxidative stability as it is rich in saturated fatty acids, with a predominance of lauric acid. Most patents are directed to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors, which demonstrate the need for studies focused on the food industry. The small number of patents favors promising partnerships between companies and scientific institutions for the transfer of academic knowledge of new technologies applied in the food industry.
A 32‐society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping
Authors: Tanjitpiyanond Porntida , Jetten Jolanda , Peters Kim , Ashokkumar Ashwini , Barry Oumar , Billet Matthew , Becker Maja , Booth Robert W. , Castro Diego , Chinchilla Juana , Costantini Giulio , Dejonckheere Egon , Dimdins Girts , Erbas Yasemin , Espinosa Agustín , Finchilescu Gillian , Gómez Ángel , González Roberto , Goto Nobuhiko , Hatano Aya , Hartwich Lea , Jarukasemthawee Somboon , Karunagharan Jaya Kumar , Novak Lindsay M. , Kim Jinseok P. , Kohút Michal , Liu Yi , Loughnan Steve , Onyishi Ike E. , Onyishi Charity N. , Varela Micaela , Pattara‐angkoon Iris S. , Peker Müjde , Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Rizwan Muhammad , Suh Eunkook M. , Swann William , Tong Eddie M. W. , Turner Rhiannon N. , Vanhasbroeck Niels , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Vauclair Christin‐Melanie , Vinogradov Alexander , Wacera Grace , Wang Zhechen , Wibisono Susilo , Yeung Victoria Wai‐Lan
Published: November 2022

There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth‐based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio‐structural features that co‐occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor.
OpenSeesdevelopment for modelling timber structural members subjected to realistic fire impact
Authors: Chen Cheng , Jiang Liming , Qiu Jin , Orabi Mohamed Anwar , Chan Wai Shan , Usmani Asif
Published: November 2022

Timber buildings have been preferred in many regions for the sustainable nature of timber material. Although engineered timber products become promising alternates to traditional construction materials, the fire safety of timber buildings remains a key barrier to wider use. Currently, the design of timber structures mostly adopts the Eurocode 5 approach, which estimates the heat transfer or char depth under the premise of standard fire exposure. To investigate the behaviour of timber structural members in the context of realistic fire action in compartments, appropriate models for different stages of numerical simulation are needed. A series of development have now been conducted in the open‐source platform OpenSees, which enables modelling the heat transfer of timber sections in non‐standard fire scenarios and thermo‐mechanical analysis model using either beam elements or shell elements for various timber structural members. Corresponding thermal actions are developed to deal with timber slabs in fire or timber beams subjected to three‐side fire exposure. Tests on cross‐laminated timber beams at ambient temperature and under fire exposure are modelled to validate the developed capabilities, which is followed by modelling a glued laminated timber beam heated by furnace. In the end, a timber‐concrete composite slab is modelled using the fire impact from a Computational Fluid Dynamics model, which demonstrates the current vision of modelling timber structures in fire and OpenSees for fire is committed to providing such an open‐source research platform to support further modelling work.
Evaluation of fatty acid‐related nutritional quality indices in processed and raw (Lethrinus lentjan) fish fillets
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Baesi Farideh
Published: November 2022

The Lethrinus lentjan fish is economically and nutritionally important in Iran. Therefore, knowledge of their chemical composition can help in the development of functional foods. In the present study, proximate and fatty acid compositions were determined in fresh and marinated Lethrinus lentjan fish. Fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography. The 24 pieces of fresh L. lentjan fish with an average weight of 470 ± 125 g were prepared. After removing wastes, the fish fillet was placed in a dish containing acetic acid, salt, garlic, and red pepper. The marinade product contained n‐6PUFA (7.94%) and n‐3PUFA (3.46%). The results showed that moisture content in the marinade sample decreased, while fat, protein, and ash contents increased and carbohydrate content was also decreased compared to the raw sample. The marinating process increased PUFA percentage (19.32%) and ratio of PUFA and SFA (0.61). The fresh and processed samples showed superior nutritional quality and the lowest h/H ratio, but AI and TI ratios were relatively favorable (p < .05). The thrombogenicity index (TI) (0.46) and atherogenicity index (AI) (3.56) were more than the recommended in terms of risk of coronary heart disease. It can be concluded that fresh and processed fish samples represent an excellent source of high‐quality fat, demonstrating that this fish species’ freshwater can be considered optimal for human consumption.
Enabling Uptake of Off‐Grid Solar: The Case of Mozambique
Authors: Salite Daniela , Cotton Matthew , Kirshner Joshua
Published: November 2022

Global action on clean energy access is needed to resolve the trilemma of alleviating energy poverty, ensuring energy security, and rapid action on climate change. The uptake of solar energy is an urgent policy and market priority in Sub‐Saharan Africa, given its solar potential. Yet for some developing economies such as Mozambique, action on solar implementation in isolated rural communities remains low. We assess the barriers and enablers to off‐grid solar uptake, finding that government‐manufactured solar PV panels remain prohibitively expensive, while cheaper imported panels remain unreliable due to a lack of clear market regulation and product standards. Government action on electricity access must bring together a regulatory framework for solar imports, open market access through public–private partnership, and enhance energy governance to improve the cost efficiency of “last mile access” for vulnerable rural people.