bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
iGlarLixi versus basal plus Rapid‐Acting insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes advancing from basal insulin therapy: The SoliSimplify Real‐World study
Authors: McCrimmon Rory J. , Cheng Alice Y.Y. , Galstyan Gagik , Djaballah Khier , Li Xuan , Coudert Mathieu , Frias Juan P.
Published: August 2022

Aim

For people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on basal insulin (BI), guidelines recommend several treatment advancement options. This study compared the clinical effectiveness of once‐daily iGlarLixi versus a multiple‐injection BI + rapid acting insulin (RAI) regimen in adults with T2D advancing from BI therapy in real‐world clinical practice.

Materials and methods

Electronic medical records from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) database were analysed retrospectively using propensity score matching to compare therapy advancement with iGlarLixi or BI + RAI in US adults ≥18 years with T2D on BI who had ≥1 valid glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) value at baseline and at the 6‐month follow‐up. The primary objective was non‐inferiority of iGlarLixi to BI + RAI in HbA1c change from baseline to 6 months (margin 0.3%).

Results

Propensity score matching generated cohorts with balanced baseline characteristics (N = 814 in each group). HbA1c reduction from baseline to 6 months with iGlarLixi was non‐inferior to BI + RAI [mean difference (95% confidence interval): 0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)%; one‐sided p = .0032]. At 6 months, weight gain was significantly lower with iGlarLixi than with BI + RAI [−0.8 (−1.3, −0.2) kg; two‐sided p = .0069]. Achievement of HbA1c <7% without hypoglycaemia and weight gain were similar between groups [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.15 (0.81, 1.63); p = .4280]. Hypoglycaemia was low in both groups, probably because of underreporting.

Conclusions

In real‐world clinical practice, glycaemic outcomes 6 months after treatment advancement from BI are similar for people with T2D using iGlarLixi versus BI + RAI, with iGlarLixi leading to less weight gain.
Gendered perceptions in maize supply chains: Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Van Campenhout Bjorn , De Anusha
Published: August 2022

Motivation

Faced by imperfect information about the performance of value chain actors, transactions are often based on perceptions. Inaccurate perceptions may result in inefficient value chains. Biased perceptions, especially about women, may affect inclusiveness.

Purpose

We aim to compare perceptions by farmers, input dealers, traders, and processors in Uganda's maize value chain. Specifically, we compare ratings given by farmers to self‐ratings of dealers, traders and processors. We test if male farmers rate others differently as compared to female farmers; if men and women rate themselves differently; and whether female farmers rate female value chain actors more highly by virtue of being of the same gender (homophily).

Methods and approach

A random sample of 1526 small‐scale farmers growing maize from the Eastern region in Uganda were asked to rate agro‐input dealers, traders, and processors by ease of access, quality of services, price competitiveness, and reputation. These value chain actors—78 agro‐input dealers, 341 assembly traders, and 174 processors—were then asked to assess themselves.

Descriptive analysis, t‐tests, and multivariate regression with two‐way non‐nested clustering were used for the analysis.

Findings

We find that input dealers, traders, and processors rate themselves more highly than farmers rate them. For self‐assessments, the gender of the value chain actor does not matter. Female farmers tend to rate the dealers, traders, and processors more highly than male farmers do. The sex of the actor rated does not affect the rating they receive; we also find no signs that women rate women more highly than they rate men.

Policy implications

It is reassuring to see that in Eastern Uganda, women as dealers, traders, and processors were not rated lower than their male counterparts. It was equally reassuring to see that dealers, traders, and processors were rated well for quality by farmers—a frequent concern in Uganda is that they provide poor service. They did not score so well, however, for competitive prices. Policies to encourage competition and new entrants may help. That dealers, traders, and processors rate themselves more highly than farmers do, could lead to complacency, in turn hindering investment and innovation. The gap in perceptions might be reduced if there were certification by an independent agency, or if farmer ratings were crowd sourced.
Huge spring migrations of insects from the Middle East to Europe: quantifying the migratory assemblage and ecosystem services
Authors: Hawkes Will L. S. , Walliker Edward , Gao Boya , Forster Olivia , Lacey Katharine , Doyle Toby , Massy Richard , Roberts Nicholas W. , Reynolds Don R. , Özden Özge , Chapman Jason W. , Wotton Karl R.
Published: August 2022

Migratory insects are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, but understanding their full contribution is challenging as they are difficult to track, and migration often takes place at high altitude. Migration hotspots offer an exceptional opportunity to study these otherwise indiscernible movements as migration can be visible at ground level; however these events are often also ephemeral and reported only from chance encounters. It is therefore often difficult to fully characterise the range and number of species involved, the drivers of migration or to appreciate the potential interactions and ecological roles of the migrants. Here we pursue field evidence suggesting that the Karpaz peninsula in northeast Cyprus is a suitable location to systematically collect data on migratory insects. In the spring of 2019, using a combination of timed‐counts, migration‐camera traps and netting we documented over 39 million day‐flying insects from eight orders arriving on Cyprus at rates of up to 5900 insects m‐1 min‐1. Mass arrivals were correlated with higher temperatures and easterly winds. Wind direction and normalised vegetation difference index (NDVI) data suggest that these insects had their natal origins in locations including Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia. It is estimated that many billions of insects left the coast of the Middle East heading west into Europe during the study period. While the migrant assemblage was diverse, Diptera were by far the most numerous insect order (86%) followed by Lepidoptera (10%). These migrating insects play a range of vital ecological roles including cross‐continental pollination and the transfer of important nutrients. We believe that the very infrequently explored processes described in this manuscript have important consequences for ecosystems in the destinations of these migratory insects across Europe.
Brain entropy, fractal dimensions and predictability: A review of complexity measures for EEG in healthy and neuropsychiatric populations
Authors: Lau Zen J. , Pham Tam , Chen S. H. Annabel , Makowski Dominique
Published: August 2022

There has been an increasing trend towards the use of complexity analysis in quantifying neural activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) signals. On top of revealing complex neuronal processes of the brain that may not be possible with linear approaches, EEG complexity measures have also demonstrated their potential as biomarkers of psychopathology such as depression and schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the opacity of algorithms and descriptions originating from mathematical concepts have made it difficult to understand what complexity is and how to draw consistent conclusions when applied within psychology and neuropsychiatry research. In this review, we provide an overview and entry‐level explanation of existing EEG complexity measures, which can be broadly categorized as measures of predictability and regularity. We then synthesize complexity findings across different areas of psychological science, namely, in consciousness research, mood and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as changes across the lifespan, while addressing some theoretical and methodological issues underlying the discrepancies in the data. Finally, we present important considerations when choosing and interpreting these metrics.
Arnica montana L. extract containing 6‐O‐methacryloylhelenalin and 6‐O‐isobutyrylhelenalin accelerates growth and differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes and leads volumizing of skin
Authors: Sakamoto Kotaro , Watanabe Chiharu , Masutani Teruaki , Hirasawa Asuka , Wakamatsu Kanae , Iddamalgoda Arunasiri , Kakumu Yuya , Yamauchi Kosei , Mitsunaga Tohru
Published: August 2022

Objective

An important factor in the aging of the face is a reduction in the volume of adipose tissue. This reduction in adipose tissue contributes to decreased skin elasticity, which is also part of the aging process. Overall, these lead to wrinkle formation. Fat injection is a common means of addressing this issue and is used to reduce the effects of aging on the face and to increase the fullness of the lips and breasts. However, fat injection is an invasive surgical procedure. This study aimed to discover novel cosmetic ingredients that increase the volume of subcutaneous (pre)adipocytes to create the appearance of more youthful skin.

Methods

We focused on the number of subcutaneous preadipocytes and the accumulation of lipid droplets. To discover natural ingredients that increase both of these, extracts of 380 natural products were prepared and screened for their effects on both growth and differentiation (i.e., lipid droplet accumulation) of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. One extract was found to have the desired effects, and this was further studied to determine the active compounds. We then evaluated its efficacy in a human clinical study.

Results

We found that Arnica montana L. flower extract (AFE) accelerates both the growth and the differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. AFE was found to significantly increase the volume of adipocyte spheroids. The active compounds 6‐O‐methacryloylhelenalin and 6‐O‐isobutyrylhelenalin were found to be responsible for the effects of AFE on preadipocytes. In a human clinical study, gels containing 1% AFE successfully enhanced the volume of the lips and face with reduction of wrinkles with no adverse reactions.

Conclusion

This is the first report to demonstrate that AFE and the included compounds, 6‐O‐methacryloylhelenalin and 6‐O‐isobutyrylhelenalin, act on preadipocytes. AFE would be ideal for use in products that plump the face to reduce wrinkles and create a more youthful appearance.
Proposal and validation of a financial protection perception scale
Authors: Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Brasil Camila Viana , Bressan Aureliano Angel , Klein Leander Luiz , Potrich Ani Caroline Grigion
Published: August 2022

This article proposes and validates a financial protection perception scale (FPPS) from the perspective of the financial services consumer. The scale was applied to a sample of 1137 individuals residing in Brazil and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and standard multivariate validation methods. The FPPS, composed of 14 items, allows the development of an indicator that defines the level of protection perceived by the consumer of financial services, evaluated along the dimensions of transparency, suitability, security, and complaints. The tests and fit indices indicated the reliability and validity of the FPPS. With this scale, researchers, managers, and policymakers can assess the extent to which consumers feel protected when using financial services.
A dyadic approach to depression, resilience and quality of life on marital adjustment among infertile couples in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bhamani Shireen Shehzad , Zahid Nida , Rizvi Arjumand , Shaheen Fariha , Shah Nasim Zahid , Sachwani Saima , Farooq Salima , Azam Syed Iqbal , Asad Nargis
Published: August 2022

Background

Infertility is a major reproductive health problem in Pakistan. It has the potential to cause serious negative impact on a couple's marital life and psychological health.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the factors associated with maladjustment among infertile couples.

Method

An analytical cross‐sectional design was employed. Validated scales were used to assess marital adjustment, depression, resilience and quality of life among infertile couples. Purposive sampling was employed to enrol 334 infertile couples from a private infertility medical centre, of Karachi, Pakistan.

Results

Among couples, marital adjustment scores were comparable, but resilience and quality of life were significantly low among wives whereas depression was significantly high among wives compared with husbands. Wives' marital adjustment was positively correlated with husband's resilience and quality of life and negatively related with his depression. After employing adjusted actor–partner interdependence modelling, wives' own depression and resilience had significant effect on their marital adjustment and their partner's resilience, depression and quality of life did not have any impact on their outcome. On the contrary, wives' resilience had a significant effect in increasing the marital adjustment of their husband.

Conclusion

This study highlights the need to promote psychological support (resilience building skills) or couples' therapy to all those couples undergoing infertility treatment.
Neuroimmune signaling at the brain borders
Authors: Frederick Natalie M. , Tavares Gabriel A. , Louveau Antoine
Published: August 2022

The central nervous system (CNS) has been viewed as an immunologically privileged site, but emerging works are uncovering a large array of neuroimmune interactions primarily occurring at its borders. CNS barriers sites host diverse population of both innate and adaptive immune cells capable of, directly and indirectly, influence the function of the residing cells of the brain parenchyma. These structures are only starting to reveal their role in controlling brain function under normal and pathological conditions and represent an underexplored therapeutic target for the treatment of brain disorders. This review will highlight the development of the CNS barriers to host neuro‐immune interactions and emphasize their newly described roles in neurodevelopmental, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly for the meninges.
A Computational Perspective on Projection Pursuit in High Dimensions: Feasible or Infeasible Feature Extraction
Authors: Zhang Chunming , Ye Jimin , Wang Xiaomei
Published: August 2022

Finding a suitable representation of multivariate data is fundamental in many scientific disciplines. Projection pursuit (
) aims to extract interesting ‘non‐Gaussian’ features from multivariate data, and tends to be computationally intensive even when applied to data of low dimension. In high‐dimensional settings, a recent work (Bickel et al., 2018) on
addresses asymptotic characterization and conjectures of the feasible projections as the dimension grows with sample size. To gain practical utility of and learn theoretical insights into
in an integral way, data analytic tools needed to evaluate the behaviour of
in high dimensions become increasingly desirable but are less explored in the literature. This paper focuses on developing computationally fast and effective approaches central to finite sample studies for (i) visualizing the feasibility of
in extracting features from high‐dimensional data, as compared with alternative methods like
and
, and (ii) assessing the plausibility of
in cases where asymptotic studies are lacking or unavailable, with the goal of better understanding the practicality, limitation and challenge of
in the analysis of large data sets.
Modeling and solving an economies‐of‐scale service system design problem
Authors: Hoseinpour Pooya
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the design of a service system in the presence of economies of scale (EoS). The goal is to decide on the number, location, service capacities of facilities, and the allocation of customers to the opened facilities to minimize the total cost of the system. The total cost includes the opening and serving costs of facilities as well as customers' transportation and waiting costs. To reflect the EoS in the modeling, a general opening cost function is assumed for each service facility with the characteristic of being concave and nondecreasing in its service capacity. A Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is developed for solving the problem in its general form. The algorithm decomposes the relaxed model into homogeneous subproblems where each one can be optimally solved in polynomial time with no need for an optimization solver. Furthermore, the optimal service capacity of each open facility is determined as a closed‐form function. Our computational experiment shows that the developed algorithm is both efficient and effective in solving the proposed problem.
Assessment of nitrogen interaction with temperature on the growth and toxin production of mat-forming toxin-producing Anagnostidinema carotinosum
Authors: Anam Giridhar Babu , Muthusamy Govarthanan , Ahn Young-Ho
Published: August 2022

Aims

Global warming and eutrophication contribute to the severity of cyanobacteria blooms. However, it is unclear how these factors influence the growth and toxin production of Anagnostidinema carotinosum.

Methods and Results

Based on morphological and molecular analysis, this is the first time A. carotinosum was identified in South Korea. The interactive effect of temperature (25, 30 or 34°C) and nitrogen (2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 mg NO3-N l−1) on A. carotinosum growth and toxin production was studied. Increasing nitrogen limitation reflects reduced growth and chlorophyll-a content at all temperatures. However, the growth was effective under nitrogen limitation when temperatures exceeded 25°C. The maximum growth was found at 30°C, followed by 34°C under higher nitrate levels (3.5 and 4.5 mg l−1). In addition, the cell microcystin and anatoxin-a quota increased significantly at 25°C with increasing nitrate limitation, decreasing considerably at 30°C in the same nitrate gradient.

Conclusion

These results suggested temperatures stimulate A. carotinosum growth at 30 and 34°C and cellular toxin quota at 25 and 34°C with increasing NO3-N levels.

Significance and Impact of the Study

These findings imply that limiting nitrogen input alone can effectively reduce biomass; however, controlling A. carotinosum and its toxins at higher temperatures under nitrate limitation is necessary for water quality.
Identification of enigmatic Mediterranean fish Gobius ater Bellotti, 1888 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) based on morphology from underwater photographs
Authors: Kovačić Marcelo , Pillon Roberto , Renoult Julien P.
Published: August 2022

Gobius ater Bellotti, 1888 is the Mediterranean gobiid species whose live appearance has remained unknown the longest since its description. A goby observed in southern France in 2021 is here identified as G. ater based on a diagnosis of morphological characters visible on high‐quality underwater photographs. Then, the authors provide the first description of colouration in live G. ater and a species diagnosis based on colouration. This diagnosis allows the authors to validate a previous photographic record, also from France. Reviewing all claims of G. ater, they argue that only seven records are unambiguously valid, including the two photographic records presented here.
From self‐quantification to self‐objectification? Framework and research agenda on consequences for well‐being
Authors: Peterson Fronczek Lane , Mende Martin , Scott Maura L.
Published: August 2022

Measuring, recording, and visualizing a consumer's physiological, behavioral, and psychological features with the use of technologies is a growing phenomenon. Within academic literature and popular press, this phenomenon has been termed self‐quantification, lifelogging, self‐tracking, personal informatics, among others. This research conceptualizes consumer psycho‐physiological quantification and explores the unique consumer journey with quantification practices. This research introduces a conceptual framework that accounts for distinct stages and aspects of consumer quantification at the acquisition/adoption, usage, and disposal stages of consumption. Adopting a novel theoretical perspective, the authors draw on objectification theory to examine the consequences of consumer psycho‐physiological quantification and develop propositions that link it to self‐objectification and consumer well‐being. Finally, the authors outline evolving issues around the consumer quantification framework and identify a research agenda. Taken together, this research provides a foundation for future research into the unique facets of consumer psycho‐physiological quantification and consequences for consumer well‐being.
Identification of association fibers using ex vivo diffusion tractography in Alexander disease brains
Authors: Shiohama Tadashi , Stewart Natalie , Nangaku Masahito , van der Kouwe Andre J. W. , Takahashi Emi
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose

Alexander disease (AxD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by heterozygous Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein mutation. The characteristic structural findings of AxD, such as leukodystrophic features, are well known, while association fibers of AxD remain uninvestigated. The aim of this study was to explore global and subcortical fibers in four brains with AxD using ex vivo diffusion tractography

Methods

High‐angular‐resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (HARDI) tractography and diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) tractography were used to evaluate long and short association fibers and compared to histological findings in brain specimens obtained from four donors with AxD and two donors without neurological disorders

Results

AxD brains showed impairment of long association fibers, except for the arcuate fasciculus and cingulum bundle, and abnormal trajectories of the inferior longitudinal and fronto‐occipital fasciculi on HARDI tractography and loss of multidirectionality in subcortical fibers on DTI tractography. In histological studies, AxD brains showed diffuse low density on Klüver‐Barrera and neurofilament staining and sporadic Rosenthal fibers on hematoxylin and eosin staining

Conclusions

This study describes the spatial distribution of degenerations of short and long association fibers in AxD brains using combined tractography and pathological findings.
Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula in 3 cats
Authors: Yayoshi Naoko , Yoshida Karin , Terao Masashi , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Kamishina Hiroaki , Takahashi Fumitaka , Hara Yasushi , Yu Yoshihiko , Hasegawa Daisuke
Published: August 2022

Three young adult cats with intermittent spinal hyperesthesia and paraparesis and diagnosed with spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula are described. In all 3 cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed focal dilatation of the veins in the epidural space of the thoracic spinal cord, whereas computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed dilatation and enhancement from the intercostal vein to the azygos vein at the same site in the arterial phase. Dorsal laminectomy and occlusion of the interarcuate branches running across the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord were performed in all 3 cats to decompress the spinal cord, which resulted in a remission of clinical signs and no recurrence during 14 to 40 months of follow‐up after surgery in all cases.
Revolutionary Greece in Victorian popular literature
Authors: Mitsi Efterpi , Despotopoulou Anna
Published: August 2022

This article examines the proliferation of popular literary texts about Modern Greece in nineteenth‐century British periodicals from the 1860s to the 1890s, texts that reveal the country's appeal to the Victorians, inviting them to imagine the birth and development of the new nation after the War of Independence (1821–1828). Short stories published in popular magazines, such as theNew Monthly Magazine,Bow BellsandSunday at Home, revisit the Greek Revolution and return to the popular allegory of Greece as an enslaved or endangered woman to reflect on the “Eastern question” and British colonial politics of protectionism in the Eastern Mediterranean. At the same time, women authors like Elizabeth Mayhew Edmonds and Isabella Fyvie Mayo, publishing in women's magazines, write stories and articles about the role of women in the Greek War of Independence, relating the feats of these historical or fictional figures to the “woman question” and to Victorian debates on femininity and gender, as well as national and imperial politics. In the late Victorians' re‐imagining of revolutionary history, Modern Greece is not enslaved to its classical past, as in traditional philhellenist representations, but must discover its modernity through its powerful nationalist agents. Revolutionary Greece re‐emerges as a symbolic event through a variety of publications, which often highlight the country's cultural hybridity and construct a transnational network of literary affiliations, creating parallelisms between Greece and Britain.
Inappropriate shocks due to air entrapment in patients with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: A meta‐summary of case reports
Authors: Iavarone Michele , Rago Anna , Nigro Gerardo , Golino Paolo , Russo Vincenzo
Published: August 2022

Background

Air entrapment has been recently described as a cause of inappropriate shock (IAS) among patients who underwent subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) implantation. Data about this complication are lacking in the literature.

Methods

In this meta‐summary 14 case reports describing IAS due to air entrapment were included. Patients' characteristics, S‐ICD implant technique and air entrapment properties were collected.

Results

All patients experienced IAS within 4 days following S‐ICD implant. The subcutaneous air was demonstrated by chest x‐ray in 11 cases (73.3%). The sensing vector was reprogrammed in 11 cases (73.3%), and ICD was switched off in 2 cases (1.3%).

Conclusions

IAS due to air entrapment is an early complication of S‐ICD implant. No association was observed between the implant technique and air retention. Diagnosis is confirmed by chest x‐ray and device interrogation. Management includes switching off the device or, preferably, changing the sensing vector.
Research on the Logical Evolution of Internationalization Strategy of Chinese Construction Enterprises Based on the Concept of Project Sharing
Authors: Shen Zhifeng , Li Meng , Li Yutao
Published: August 2022

Under the initiative of “One Belt, One Road,” Chinese construction enterprises are facing problems such as project failures, budget overruns, and inadequate strategic positioning in the process of promoting their internationalization strategies in view of the increasingly tense situation of “Thucydides's Trap,” “America First,” and “Kindleberger Trap.” Chinese construction enterprises should adjust their international strategic logic to reconstruct the relationship between the internationalization strategy of the construction enterprises and the project sharing concept. This article analyzes the relationship between project sharing and the success of internationalization strategy of construction enterprises by elaborating on the connotation and concept of internationalization strategy and project sharing of construction enterprises. Based on the analysis of the project sharing concept, this article puts forward the evolutionary logic of internationalization strategy of Chinese construction enterprises in four stages, and analyzes the strategic logic of “winning” internationalization of construction enterprises based on the concept of project sharing. The research results provide new ideas and methods for Chinese construction enterprises to carry out international project cooperation and formulate international strategy, which has important theoretical and practical value.
Integration of Marriage Migrants in Korea and Japan: A Comparative Analysis of Ethnic Nationalism and Citizenship
Authors: Zmire Zeljana
Published: August 2022

Multiculturalism has been a relatively recent trend in Korea and Japan. Since the 1990s, both countries have been witnessing a rising influx of immigrants, the majority of whom were labor migrants and marriage migrants. Labor migrants have been accepted only as temporary residents. Contrary to this, marriage migrants have been seen as permanent residents, who need to integrate into the family and society. Both the Korean and Japanese governments have been providing them with relatively easy access to permanent residency and naturalization. Despite this effort, marriage migrants experience legal vulnerability, and they experience prejudice and discrimination with their families and society. This problem, even though highlighted by politicians and academics, has been persisting in society, and it has usually been researched as a policy problem or phenomenon that happens independently of its societal surroundings. However, because unequal treatment of migrants is related to social conditions as well as legal and policy issues, this study approaches the problem by examining marriage migrants' citizenship on three levels: legal, social, and identity. The study elaborates the causes behind their mistreatment through national identity and related nationalism. Both Korea and Japan possess an ethnic sense of belonging; they are perceived as ethnically homogeneous, monocultural nations. Therefore, the integration of ethnically different migrants presents a significant challenge. Ethnic nationalism in both countries manifests also in its subform, nouveau‐riche nationalism. It is responsible for deep‐seated beliefs in cultural superiority and evaluating people based on their country of origin and skin color. The study demonstrates the impact of ethnic nationalism on the legal level of citizenship in both countries and elaborates that this impact has been more restrictive in Japan than in Korea. Furthermore, nouveau‐riche nationalism is shown to have a negative impact on the social and identity levels of citizenship in both counties, whereas in Japan social stigma and prejudices are shown to be more serious than in Korea.
Who Takes the Japanese Threat Seriously? A Survey‐Based Analysis of South Koreans’ Perceptions*
Authors: Koo Bon Sang , Choi Jun Young
Published: August 2022

This study explores the factors underlying South Koreans' negative perceptions of Japan beyond nationalism or simple partisan conflict. This paper employed the 2020 Korea Institute for National Unification survey, and statistical models revealed that the following factors are related to fundamental threat perception. First, the utility of Korean unification is associated with perceptions of the military threat posed by Japan. Second, after controlling for other predictors, this study found that younger generations were less likely to see Japan as a future military threat. Third, micro‐level variables affected perception. Conservative partisans tended to perceive Japan's military threat as stronger. However, individuals with stronger right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) were less likely to perceive Japan as a military threat. Fourth, the association between RWA and perceptions of Japan as a military threat was moderated by generation. Fifth, those who strongly disliked China were less likely to perceive a Japanese military threat, which implied that some Koreans perceive China as a legitimate challenge to Japanese military expansion. These empirical findings attest to the importance of fully considering personality traits and political orientations on a micro level, and macro changes such as the emergence of a new generation that perceives Japan differently.
Universal Prediction Band via Semi-Definite Programming
Authors: Liang Tengyuan
Published: August 2022

We propose a computationally efficient method to construct nonparametric, heteroscedastic prediction bands for uncertainty quantification, with or without any user-specified predictive model. Our approach provides an alternative to the now-standard conformal prediction for uncertainty quantification, with novel theoretical insights and computational advantages. The data-adaptive prediction band is universally applicable with minimal distributional assumptions, has strong non-asymptotic coverage properties, and is easy to implement using standard convex programs. Our approach can be viewed as a novel variance interpolation with confidence and further leverages techniques from semi-definite programming and sum-of-squares optimization. Theoretical and numerical performances for the proposed approach for uncertainty quantification are analysed.
Generalized gingival necrosis in a patient under methimazole use
Authors: Gomes Rita Fabiane Teixeira , Klein Mariana , Castelo Edilson Fernando , Carrard Vinícius Coelho
Published: August 2022

Hyperthyroidism is a common disease, with a prevalence between 0.2% and 0.5%, characterized by an increase in the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. Management of this condition requires medical intervention to correct the hormonal imbalance and control its clinical manifestations. Methimazole is a thionamide derivative considered among the first‐choice treatment options for hyperthyroidism. However, it may cause serious side effects such as neutropenia or agranulocytosis, which, although rare, can lead to death. The clinical manifestations of this complication range from fever, ulcerations in the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, tonsillitis, and lymphadenopathy to hemorrhagic necrosis and septicemia. This report describes the case of a patient with generalized gingival necrosis that was related to the use of methimazole for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Large‐scale covariate‐assisted two‐sample inference under dependence
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Zhu Wensheng
Published: August 2022

The problems of large‐scale two‐sample inference often arise from the statistical analysis of “high throughput" data. Conventional multiple testing procedures usually suffer from loss of testing efficiency when conducting two‐sample ‐tests directly. To some extent, this is because of the ignorance of sparsity information. Moreover, the two‐sample tests commonly have local correlations, and neglecting the dependence structure may decrease the statistical accuracy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a procedure that considers both sparsity information and dependence structure among the tests. We start by introducing a novel dependence model to allow for sparsity information and dependence structure. Based on the dependence model, we propose a covariate‐assisted local index of significance procedure and show that it is valid and optimal. Then a data‐driven procedure is developed to mimic the oracle procedure. Both simulations and real data analysis show that theCOALISprocedure outperforms its competitors.
The Evolution of Nostalgia in Britain 1979–2019
Authors: Heath Anthony , Richards Lindsay , Jungblut Julia
Published: August 2022

This paper uses the British Election Surveys from 1979 to 2019, together with the 2016–2019 CSI Brexit online panel, to explore how nostalgia has changed over time. Our interpretation of the data is that there was a shift in the content of nostalgia from regret about the decline of traditional ways of life and family values toward regret over the rise of inequality and the emergence of social media. At the same time, we find continuity in the kinds of people who are likely to feel nostalgic: they tend to be members of older generations and to be less well educated (which we take as a proxy for being “left behind” culturally and economically). However, we also find that, on the items for which we have comparable time series—on immigration, same‐sex relations, ethnic equality, and gender equality—both age and educational level have reducing explanatory power over time. In contrast, for these items, there is a trend toward greater politicization and an increased influence of an English national identity. Political divisions show increasing explanatory power as sociodemographic divisions decline.
Prevalencia de la restricción de crecimiento extrauterino y factores de riesgo asociados en recién nacidos con peso menor de 1500 gramos en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Díaz Cuesta Elizabeth , Celis Castañeda Luz Astrid
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Newborns weighing less than 1500 grams present extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) at hospital discharge in 40% to 90% and this is associated with increased morbidity. Objective: To describe the prevalence of EUGR and associated risk factors in newborns weighing less than 1500 grams at birth. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical component, which included neonates weighing less than 1500 grams, born in the institution between December 2015 and June 2020. Results: 128 patients with birth weight of 1,216 ± 207.8 grams and gestational age of 30 ± 2.3 weeks were identified. At hospital discharge 44.5% had EUGR, 56.1% of which were born with low weight for gestational age; 27/57 were classified as EUGR in severe category; 22.7% required pulmonary surfactant at birth and 84.2% presented bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Conclusions: The prevalence of EUGR at discharge in our unit is high and higher in low birth weight neonates who were 10 times more at risk. The use of surfactant was a protective factor.
The acoustics program at the Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, China
Authors: Baydur Caner , Wang Xu , Mao Dongxing
Published: August 2022

The acoustics research at Tongji University began in the mid-1950s. The Institute of Acoustics (IOA) of Tongji University, which is one of the earliest institutions engaged in acoustics research in China, was formally established in 1984. The IOA has decades of experience in acoustics education, including offering a master's degree program for approximately 40 years, a Ph.D. program for 35 years, and a postgraduate program for 25 years. The IOA is one of the oldest acoustic research facilities in China with outstanding acoustics laboratories. Research at the IOA is performed in many areas of acoustics, which focus on detection acoustics and marine acoustics, laser ultrasonics and photoacoustics, medical ultrasonics and bioacoustics, architectural acoustics, environmental acoustics, noise control, functional and microstructural acoustic materials, aeroacoustics and aeronautical acoustics, and vehicle acoustics. This paper presents acoustics education at the undergraduate and graduate levels of Tongji University and its outstanding acoustics research facilities in detail.
Socioeconomic Differences in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior During the Retirement Transition: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Vansweevelt Nina , Boen Filip , van Uffelen Jannique , Seghers Jan
Published: August 2022

Background: The retirement transition constitutes both a risk and an opportunity for changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). The present systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the differences between socioeconomic status (SES) groups in changes in PA and SB across the retirement transition. Methods: The authors searched 5 databases. Inclusion criteria were: investigating statutory retirement, measuring PA and/or SB at least once before and once after retirement, and reporting information on SES differences. Results are reported by means of a narrative synthesis, combined with harvest plots based on direction of effect. Results: We included 24 papers from 19 studies. Sixteen papers focused on PA, 3 on SB, and 5 investigated both. For total PA, occupational PA, and total sedentary time, nearly all publications reported more favorable changes for high SES groups. For recreational PA, active transport, and screen time, there seemed to be a tendency toward more favorable changes for high SES groups. Changes in household/caregiving PA did not appear to differ between SES groups. Conclusions: Changes in movement behavior during the retirement transition are potentially more favorable for high SES adults. Nonetheless, the differences between SES groups seem to depend on the domain of movement behavior.
Within-Person Associations Between Physical and Social Contexts With Movement Behavior Compositions in Adolescents: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Using a Compositional Data Analysis Approach
Authors: Bourke Matthew , Patten Rhiannon K. , Hilland Toni A. , Craike Melinda
Published: August 2022

Background: External contexts, including the social and physical contexts, are independent predictors of momentary physical activity and sedentary behaviors. However, no studies to date have examined how external contexts are related to overall momentary movement behavior compositions using compositional data analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine differences in momentary movement behavior compositions between different social and physical contexts in adolescents. Methods: Overall, 119 adolescents (mean age 14.7 y, SD = 1.44) provided details about their momentary physical and social contexts over 4 days using ecological momentary assessment. Sedentary behaviors, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity were assessed using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Compositional multivariate multilevel models were estimated to determine if movement behavior compositions differed between contexts. Results: Participants engaged in significantly less sedentary behaviors when outdoors compared with indoors and replaced it with moderate to vigorous physical activity. Participants also engaged in significantly less sedentary behaviors when with friends or friends and family and replaced it with light-intensity physical activity. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of targeting external contexts to increase physical activity and to reduce sedentary behavior in adolescents’ daily lives. These factors could be targeted in mobile health and just-in-time adaptive interventions to improve young people’s movement behavior compositions.
Expanding the attack surface: Robust profiling attacks threaten the privacy of sparse behavioral data
Authors: Tournier Arnaud J. , de Montjoye Yves-Alexandre
Published: August 2022

Behavioral data, collected from our daily interactions with technology, have driven scientific advances. Yet, the collection and sharing of this data raise legitimate privacy concerns, as individuals can often be reidentified. Current identification attacks, however, require auxiliary information to roughly match the information available in the dataset, limiting their applicability. We here propose an entropy-based profiling model to learn time-persistent profiles. Using auxiliary information about a single target collected over a nonoverlapping time period, we show that individuals are correctly identified 79% of the time in a large location dataset of 0.5 million individuals and 65.2% for a grocery shopping dataset of 85,000 individuals. We further show that accuracy only slowly decreases over time and that the model is robust to state-of-the-art noise addition. Our results show that much more auxiliary information than previously believed can be used to identify individuals, challenging deidentification practices and what currently constitutes legally anonymous data.
RSPO2 defines a distinct undifferentiated progenitor in the tendon/ligament and suppresses ectopic ossification
Authors: Tachibana Naohiro , Chijimatsu Ryota , Okada Hiroyuki , Oichi Takeshi , Taniguchi Yuki , Maenohara Yuji , Miyahara Junya , Ishikura Hisatoshi , Iwanaga Yasuhide , Arino Yusuke , Nagata Kosei , Nakamoto Hideki , Kato So , Doi Toru , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Oshima Yasushi , Terashima Asuka , Omata Yasunori , Yano Fumiko , Maeda Shingo , Ikegawa Shiro , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Tanaka Sakae , Saito Taku
Published: August 2022

Ectopic endochondral ossification in the tendon/ligament is caused by repetitive mechanical overload or inflammation. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) contribute to tissue repair, and some express lubricin [proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)]. However, the mechanisms of ectopic ossification and association of TSPCs are not yet known. Here, we investigated the characteristics of Prg4-positive (
+
) cells and identified that R-spondin 2 (RSPO2), a WNT activator, is specifically expressed in a distinct

Prg4
+

TSPC cluster. The
Rspo2
+
cluster was characterized as mostly undifferentiated, and RSPO2 overexpression suppressed ectopic ossification in a mouse Achilles tendon puncture model via chondrogenic differentiation suppression.
RSPO2
expression levels in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were lower than those in spondylosis patients, and RSPO2 protein suppressed chondrogenic differentiation of human ligament cells. RSPO2 was induced by inflammatory stimulation and mechanical loading via nuclear factor κB.

Rspo2
+

cells may contribute to tendon/ligament homeostasis under pathogenic conditions.
Loss of schizophrenia-related miR-501-3p in mice impairs sociability and memory by enhancing mGluR5-mediated glutamatergic transmission
Authors: Liang Wenquan , Hou Yu , Huang Weiyuan , Wang Yunqian , Jiang Tingyun , Huang Xingbing , Wang Zhongju , Wu Fengchun , Zheng Jiawei , Zhang Jie , Ou Haiyan , Li Shuyun , Ping Junjiao , Zhang Yuan , Ye Junping , Li Zhongwei , Yang Qiong , Zhang Jian , Zheng Xianzhen , Li Shufen , Zhu Xin-Hong , Chen Rongqing , Zhao Cunyou
Published: August 2022

Schizophrenia is a polygenetic disease, the heterogeneity of which is likely complicated by epigenetic modifications yet to be elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood RNA from monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and identified a schizophrenia-associated down-regulated microRNA, miR-501-3p. We showed that the loss of miR-501-3p in germline knockout (KO) male mice resulted in dendritic structure defects, glutamatergic transmission enhancement, and sociability, memory, and sensorimotor gating disruptions, which were attenuated when miR-501 expression was conditionally restored in the nervous system. Combining the results of proteomic analyses with the known genes linked to schizophrenia revealed that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) was one of the miR-501-3p targets and was elevated in vivo upon loss of miR-501. Treatment with the mGluR5 negative allosteric modulator 3-2((-methyl-4-thiazolyl) ethynyl) pyridine or the
N
-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ameliorated the deficits observed in
Mir501
-KO mice. The epigenetic and pathophysiological mechanism that links miR-501-3p to the modulation of glutamatergic transmission provides etiological implications for schizophrenia.
Natural locus coeruleus dynamics during feeding
Authors: Sciolino Natale R. , Hsiang Madeline , Mazzone Christopher M. , Wilson Leslie R. , Plummer Nicholas W. , Amin Jaisal , Smith Kathleen G. , McGee Christopher A. , Fry Sydney A. , Yang Cindy X. , Powell Jeanne M. , Bruchas Michael R. , Kravitz Alexxai V. , Cushman Jesse D. , Krashes Michael J. , Cui Guohong , Jensen Patricia
Published: August 2022

Recent data demonstrate that noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC-NE) are required for fear-induced suppression of feeding, but the role of endogenous LC-NE activity in natural, homeostatic feeding remains unclear. Here, we found that LC-NE activity was suppressed during food consumption, and the magnitude of this neural response was attenuated as mice consumed more pellets throughout the session, suggesting that LC responses to food are modulated by satiety state. Visual-evoked LC-NE activity was also attenuated in sated mice, suggesting that satiety state modulates LC-NE encoding of multiple behavioral states. We also found that food intake could be attenuated by brief or longer durations of LC-NE activation. Last, we found that activation of the LC to the lateral hypothalamus pathway suppresses feeding and enhances avoidance and anxiety-like responding. Our findings suggest that LC-NE neurons modulate feeding by integrating both external cues (e.g., anxiogenic environmental cues) and internal drives (e.g., satiety).