bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotic disorders in migrant population
Authors: Felgueiras P. , Barbosa P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

One of the defining features of the modern world is a large scale migration that occurs due to a range of factors, from political conflicts to personal and voluntary reasons. This process can cause a severe disruption in individuals’ biography and can be followed by a large period of adaptation and a phenomenon of acculturation. Surprisingly, there is little research on the impact of migration and settlement on risk of psychosis.

Objectives

Regarding a clinical case, we aim to enphasize the current evidence about the risk of psychotic disorders in migrants.

Methods

We present a qualitative review of this topic using the Pubmed database.

Results

27 years old portuguese female, with hyperthymic temperament and history of depressive episode. Her process of migration in 2016 was motivated by an academic purpose. In context of stressful life events she developed psychotic symptoms - messianic and persecutory delusions, with visual and auditory hallucinations.

Conclusions

There is an increased risk of psychosis among migrant population that is well documented. This is even the main risk factor with the exception of a family history of psychosis. The risk can be explained by socio-demographic and psychological features, factors involving the migration process, and socio-occupational environment in the host country. A socio-developmental-cognitive model theorize how exposure to a stressful environment and social defeat interacts with underlying genetic risk to create an enduring liability to psychosis. These findings can help in important decisions about mental health resources and accessibility, including protocols to identify and treat migrants at higher risk of mental diseases.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
New digital tools for assessing neuropsychological executive functioning in old and new addictions. an exploratory study
Authors: Balconi M. , Sansone M. , Angioletti L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Nowadays new tools suitable for exploring executive functioning (EF) of behavioral addicted individuals are needed.

Objectives

This study tests a novel digital assessment battery that can be easily and remotely adopted by neuropsychologists working in the field of addiction.

Methods

Twenty-three participants were divided into two groups, balanced for age and education: an experimental (EXP) group of 13 patients with gambling behavior, and a control (CNT) group of 10 healthy subjects. A neuropsychological battery including 5 neuropsychological tests (measuring long- and short-term verbal memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal and non-verbal fluency, attention), and a behavioral task (modified Go/NoGo task with addiction-related stimuli) was digitally administered. Anxiety, depression, and impulsivity levels were collected before the evaluation.

Results

Significantly higher scores were found for repetition errors in the short-term verbal memory test, in the EXP subjects compared to controls. Higher reaction times were found in the Go/No-Go task for the EXP compared to CNT, with significant differences for neutral and addiction-related (cocaine, THC) stimuli. Furthermore, EXP showed higher impulsivity scores.

Conclusions

Although the study was only exploratory, the significant results could support the validity of this new digital tool. Besides, we could conclude that memory impairment and attentional bias in inhibitory control tasks could cover a significant role in new and old addiction and that impulsivity could represent a critical factor in explaining the relationship between EF impairment and addiction. Lastly, this study contributes not only to the understanding of EF impairment in addictions but also in the delivery of remote suitable digital neuropsychological testing.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient
Authors: Suárez-Gómez M. , Rodrigues P. , Gómez A. Suárez
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Stoke is a growing public health problem in the developed world resulting in more hospitalization and mortality. In young adults stroke is the third most common cause of death world wide and the fourth leading cause of disease burden.

Objectives

The aim was to describe a case of recovery after two hemorrhagic strokes in a young adult patient.

Methods

It was presented a clinical case and review the current literature showing the pathway of recovery.

Results

A 38-years-old man presented two episodes of hemorrahgic strokes with a lack of 6 months. With history of hypertension, smoking habits and consume of cannabinoid. The first hemorrhagic stroke had sequels of right hemiparesis. It was diagnosed with frontal arteriovenous malformation. In the second episode was submeted to frontoparietal craniotomy with total dissection of the arteriovenous malformation. After surgery he had convulsive crises that remited with valproic and levetirazetan. It did intensive rehabilitation and two months later he recovered totally. In this momente he is functional for daily lactivities, maintained the same treatment and cognitive stimulation.

Conclusions

It is necessary to accomplish for healthy habits in order to prevent strokes in young people. A better prognoses may be related to a urgent and prolonged intervention and reabilitation.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychotic symptoms in danon disease: A clinical case report
Authors: Tuneu C. Massaneda , Soria V. , Gascón-Bayarri J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Danon disease is an X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy related to a primary deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2. Danon disease manifests with the triad of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy and intellectual disability.Psychiatric symptoms related to the disease have only been studied in a few case reports (Hatz et al, 2010 and Tanidir et al, 2015) and a case series (Yardeni et al, 2016), leaving its pathophysiological mechanisms understudied.

Objectives

Provide scientific data on psychotic symptoms in patients with Danon disease.

Methods

We report an unusual case of a 25-year-old-patient affected by Danon disease that showed an acute psychotic episode.

Results

Mr P is a 25 year-old white male, with past medical history for Danon disease. Mr P presents hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolf Parkinson White arrhythmia and carries an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. There are previous records of mild intellectual disability and the patient had experienced anxiety symptoms as well as obsessive thoughts in the past without receiving any specific diagnosis or treatment. He was admitted to the Neurology inpatient unit to study behavioural symptoms with atypical visual and auditory hallucinations, accompanied by paranoid delusions during the last 4 days. He was examined by the liaison psychiatric team. Psychosis remitted within 72 hours after introducing risperidone 3mg per day, with good tolerability. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was normal.

Conclusions

Danon disease is caused by heterogeneity genetic mutation which means that patients can present different levels of clinical manifestations. The current case report highlights the variety of psychiatric symptoms in patients with Danon disease, and raises awareness towards its identification and treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Sense of coherence, spontaneous brain activity, and burnout severity
Authors: Tei S. , Fujino J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Burnout has become a critical issue in health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies report on the importance of peoples’ sense of coherence (SOC) or control over work for dealing with burnout. SOC implicates a stress-coping capacity involving comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. However, little is known on how SOC cognitively modulates burnout experiences.

Objectives

To investigate neurocognitive mechanisms of SOC and burnout in medical professionals.

Methods

Forty-one registered nurses were enrolled. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured resting-state brain activity. We identified brain regions associated with SOC and burnout levels by correlating these trait scores to regional fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF). Subsequently, we investigated whether participants’ levels of SOC impacted their fALFF-burnout association by mediation analysis.

Results

SOC and depersonalization dimension of burnout were negatively correlated (p < 0.01). The fALFF in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) correlated positively with SOC scores, and negatively with depersonalization dimension of burnout (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SOC mediated the negative relationship between DLPFC activity and burnout severity (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our data suggested that SOC alleviates burnout experience and supports prefrontal activity to prompt cognitive control; they may facilitate flexible shifting of perspective and optimistic reappraisal of work-stress. In effect, workplace-stressors may be acknowledged as being more meaningful than distressing. Without sufficient SOC, frequent exposures to stressors can lead to maladaptive coping to exhibit emotional numbing or depersonalization.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of acute stress on probabilistic reversal learning in healthy participants
Authors: Wieland L. , Ebrahimi C. , Katthagen T. , Panitz M. , Heinz A. , Sjoerds Z. , Schlagenhauf F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Altered reward-based learning and stress play an important role in psychiatric illnesses, such as psychosis or addiction. Stress sometimes increases learning from rewards, other times it does not show an effect (Starcke & Brand, 2016). A task addressing reward-based learning is the reversal learning task, which uses probabilistic rewards as feedback and incorporates sudden changes in reward contingencies. The effects of acute stress on reversal learning have rarely been addressed.

Objectives

Here, we investigated the effect of acute social stress in a within-subject design in healthy participants.

Methods

A sample of n = 28 male non-clinical participants performed the task in a control condition versus the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a validated method to induce psychosocial stress. In our version of the reversal learning task (Reiter, 2016), participants choose between two anti-correlated stimuli in order to obtain rewards in three blocks. Reward contingencies remain stable for the first 55 trials and the last 35 trials. During the second block, in between the stable blocks, four changes of reward contingencies require participants to flexibly adapt their behavior. Performance was measured in correct responses, switches after losses and wins.

Results

Cortisol and subjective stress responses showed that the stress induction was successful. Preliminary analyses showed no significant effect of stress induction on any of the performance measures.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that reversal learning, at least regarding overall performance measures in our task, is robust to stress-related changes. Modeling and fMRI analyses could yield further insights into more subtle changes after stress induction.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Bonds between body, face, and eyes reading
Authors: Böck K. , Romagnano V. , Kubon J. , Sokolov A. , Fallgatter A. , Pavlova M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Covering our faces with masks, due to COVID-19 pandemic safety regulations, we can no longer fully rely on the social signals we are used to. We have to read what’s between the lines. This is already difficult for healthy individuals, but may be particularly challenging for individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions.

Objectives

Our main goal was to examine (i) whether capabilities in body and face language reading are connected to each other in healthy females and males; and (ii) whether capabilities to body/face language reading are related to other social abilities.

Methods

Healthy females and males accomplished a task with point-light body motion portraying angry and neutral locomotion along with a task with point-light faces expressing happiness and angriness. They had to infer emotional content of displays. As a control condition, perceivers were administered with the RMET-M (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Modified) with static images.

Results

Females excelled on inferring emotions from body locomotion. Moreover, only in females, inferring emotions from body and face were firmly linked, whereas in males, face reading was connected to performance on the RMET-M.

Conclusions

The outcome points to gender-specific modes in social cognition: females rely upon merely dynamic cues in facial and bodily displays, whereas males most likely trust configural information. The findings are of value for investigation of face/body language reading in neuropsychiatric conditions, most of which are gender specific.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Research on neurophysiological and behavioral measures of attentional and inhibitory processes in adult young with ADHD
Authors: Carreiro L.R. , Osório A.A. , Teixeira M.C. , Machado-Pinheiro W. , Nascimento J. , Junior A. Afonso
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by harmful levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity and occurs in 2.5% of adults.

Objectives

This project will evaluate young adults with ADHD in computerized tasks that assess different forms of attention and inhibition, correlating them with self-report scales and physiological measurements (EMG and fNIRS) to identify impairments in specific cognitive domains.

Methods

The study will be conducted with two groups: one with ADHD - GClin and one control - CG, with 50 participants between 18 and 28 years each. Initially, participants will perform CPT-3 and respond to ASRS to be allocated to the CG or GClin, with validation by a specialist physician. After that, they will do the computerized inhibition (Stroop / Stop) temporal and spatial attention (voluntary and automatic) tests. In this phase the data will be collected using electromyographic measurements and recording of brain activity in areas of the prefrontal and temporal cortices through fNIRS. After the tests they will complete the impulsivity scales (BIS-11 and UPPS). The analyzes will comprise: (1) ANOVA of the means of TRs and the accuracy of the computerized tests; (2) Correlation analysis of RT, accuracy and ASRS scores; and (3) The fNIRS analysis will use the oxyhemoglobin signal, which will be analyzed individually.

Results

As expected results there will be differences between CG or GClin in relation to impulsiveness, number of errors and brain activation.

Conclusions

The integration of physiological measurements, scales and tests will ensure integrated understanding of attentional and inhibitory processes impaired in ADHD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Boundaries between compulsive buying and hoarding regarding the obsessive-compulsive spectrum
Authors: Moreno L. , Magalhães M. , Mendes S. , Gamito A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

It has long been theorized that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) may share important characteristics, increasing the likelihood of the cooccurrence of these two psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, Hoarding Disorder (HD) were originally conceptualized to exist only within the context of OCD, despite hoarding symptoms presenting in less than 5% of OCD cases.

Objectives

This study aims to provide an overview of impulsive-compulsive spectrum, regarding the similarities and differential diagnosis between compulsive buying and hoarding.

Methods

The authors performed a non-systematic literature review, using PubMed search terms “compulsive buying”, “hoarding” and “obsessive-compulsive spectrum”.

Results

Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders are a group of similar psychiatric disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts, distressing emotions and compulsive behaviors. Compulsive buying is defined by a preoccupation with buying and shopping, by frequent buying episodes or overpowering urges to buy that are experienced as irresistible and senseless. These episodes are accompanied by relief and pleasure, but followed by remorse and guilt. A sub‐group compulsively hoard the items they have bought. Hoarding disorder is characterized by persistent difficulty discarding items regardless of value, urges to save items and distress associated with discarding, and the accumulation of possessions which compromise use of the home.

Conclusions

Empirical evidence suggests that both OCD and CBD display high levels of impulsivity and compulsivity. However, given the phenomenology, CB may not fit well in OCD related disorders. It may be also misleading to classify HD as part of OCD, since hoarding has the lowest specificity and predictive criteria for OCD.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Comparative study of caregiver stress between patients of obsessive compulsive disorder and chronic medical illness, without any physical disability
Authors: Gupta G. , Nagendran S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition that affects the quality of life of both the patient and the caregivers. Similarly, in patients with physical medical illness, caregivers face a significant amount of stress.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess and compare the caregiver strain index between patients of OCD and medical illness. Moreover, this study will also compare the care giver strain index in the patients of OCD and physical medical illness depending on the severity and duration of the illness.

Methods

Study was done at Department of psychiatry, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad. In this Cross-sectional study 2 groups of caregivers were included. The group 1 included 30 caregivers of obsessive compulsive disorder patients and group 2 included 30 caregivers for physical medical illness. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used for measuring the severity of OCD and the stress in caregivers were drawn from Caregiver strain index.

Results

This study reported a high objective burden among caregivers of OCD compared with the physical medical illness (P-value=0.002). The age of the caregivers also showed to be significantly associated with the stress in both the groups. The severity of the OCD was shown to be correlated well with the stress of the caregivers (P-value=0.032). In contrast, in physical medical illness the duration of the disease showed no significant association with the caregiver’s stress.

Conclusions

This study showed that in patients with OCD caregivers face a higher strain compared with the physical medical illness.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Older portuguese and mexican adults and sexual well-being? A cross-cultural qualitative study
Authors: Humboldt S. Von , Mendoza-Ruvalcaba N. , Low G. , Leal I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

A cross-cultural qualitative study about older portuguese and mexican adults and sexual well-being.

Objectives

Sexual well-being (SWB) refers to the subjective emotional and cognitive evaluation of the quality of the individual's sexuality, it plays a relevant role in quality of life and health promotion on old age and has cross-cultural implications. The aim of this study is to analyse comparatively the perspectives of older adults on their SWB in Portugal and Mexico.

Methods

Data were collected from 86 Portuguese and 80 Mexican community-dwelling participants aged 65 years and older, using a semi-structured interview protocol. Older adults were inquired about their perceptions on what contributes to their sexual well-being. Socio-demographic data were also enquired. Content analysis was used to identify key themes.

Results

Outcomes indicated eight themes: eroticism, supportive relationship, positive self-concept, health and self-care, romance, active life, tenderness and care, and no pain and no pregnancy restrictions, for both samples. Eroticism was the most frequent theme reported by Portuguese participants (31.4%) and health and self-care were the most frequent theme reported by Mexican participants (26.5%).

Conclusions

The empirical results of this study indicated that SWB is strongly influenced by socio-cultural and psychosocial values. This cross-cultural comparison between Portugal and Mexico contributes to understand this concept in old age with different perspectives and place a scenario for future culture-adapted interventions and comprehensive policies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Frailty index as a clinical measure of biological age in psychiatry
Authors: Bersani F.S.
Published: February 2022

The concepts of “accelerated biological ageing” and “premature biological senescence” have been receiving increasing attention in relation to psychiatric diseases, with clinical, epidemiological and molecular observations suggesting that psychopathological processes can have significant relationships with aging-related phenomena. The deficit accumulation model postulates that the individual’s biological age and functional status is related to the amount of health deficits accumulated over time and that one’s biological age can be estimated by summarizing health deficits in a single continuous variable, the so-called “frailty index” (FI). In this presentation it will be discussed the possibility that the FI, which condenses information arising from multidimensional evaluations, represents a potential clinically-useful macroscopic indicator of biological age which can add relevant information to the measurements currently implemented in the study of accelerated biological age in psychiatric diseases.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Ambivalence among intergenerational relationships in old age
Authors: Humboldt S. Von , Costa A. , Silva S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This study focuses on ambivalence among intergenerational relationships in old age.

Objectives

This study aims to analyze the perspectives of intergenerational relationships between older adults and adult children. For this purpose, a qualitative research was carried out, which analyzes these relations at a cross-national level.

Methods

Four hundred and twenty four older participants aged 65-97 years, were interviewed. Participants were of three different nationalities and lived in the community. All the interviews went through the process of verbatim transcription and subsequent content analysis.

Results

Two dimensions of generational ambivalence were revealed from the study; support and the conflict dimensions. Findings of content analysis produced six themes, which represent intergenerational relations between older adults and adult children: older adults-adult children interaction quality; family integration; care and support; definition of limits; distance and alienation; and communication difficulties.

Conclusions

This study highlighted the diversity of experiences in old age, in relation to intergenerational relationships and underlined the conflicting expectations from older adults in relation to their adult children.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Socio-demographic and clinical features of patients with dementia attended in the psychiatry department
Authors: Bader S. , Ellouz E. , Abderrahim R. , Abbas M. , Mdhaffer K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Dementia’s prevalence increases due to population aging, it has become a major public health concern.

Objectives

To estimate the incidence of dementia and to describe the socio-demographic and clinical profile of patients attended in the psychiatry department of Gabes (Southern of Tunisia).

Methods

It was a retrospective descriptive study including all the patients who attended for the first time in the psychiatry department of Gabes, from the 1st January, 2010 to December 31, 2018, and who were diagnosed with dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Socio-demographic and clinical data were assessed. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used as a neuropsychological examination.

Results

We included 98 patients. The mean annual hospital incidence of dementia was 2.38%. The mean age was 76.5 ± 9.8 years. Patients were married (68%), illiterate (68%) and jobless (42.9%). A family history of dementia was noted in 39.8% of patients. The common cardiovascular comorbidity was high blood pressure (41.8%). Among our patients, 30 (30.6%) were smokers. The mean age of onset of dementia was 73 ± 11 years. The mean duration of untreated dementia was 3 years [3 months to 11 years]. First symptoms were mainly memory disorders (57.3 %) and behavioral disorders (17.3%) The mean MMSE score was 14 ± 4.8. Alzheimer’s disease was the most frequent etiology of dementia (80 cases, 82.7%).

Conclusions

Our study shows a high incidence of dementia and made it possible to draw up a socio-demographic and clinical profile of dementia patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Vascular psychosis in the elderly. case report and literature review for different antypsichotic treatment strategies
Authors: Higueras T. Gutiérrez , De La Cuesta Alonso S. Sainz , Cortés F. Calera , Forés S. Vicent
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The most common cause of vascular psychosis is cerebrovascular disease. Tipically a late-onset in the elderly is accompanied with multiple strokes (disruption of blood flow to the brain). Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterised by cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and functional symptoms. About neuropsychiatric symptoms there are multiple warnings concerning the use of antipsychotics in people with dementia due to an increased risk of death and stroke.

Objectives

Presentation of a case of vascular psychosis with a literature review of antipsychotic drugs used in these cases.

Methods

We carried out a literature review in Pubmed electing those articles focused on antipsychotic treatment options.

Results

A 81-year-old man was taken by his son seeking medical assistance due delusions of reference and auditory hallucinations. He believed that his family wanted to kill him. He had the sensation about how multiple voices were telling him about to scape from people who wanted to kill him. After a completelly study and CT, chronic microvascular infarctions where found. After onset of non effective treatment with haloperidol 1.5 mg during 1 week, we switched into risperidone 1.5mg. Effective treatment was found and now patient is under control of sypmtoms.

Conclusions

Different antypsichotic treatments are described in the literature. Risperidone, quetiapine and olanzapine were found as most used antipsychotic for psychosis in vascular dementia. Comparision of side effect profile of antipsychotic and effectiviness must be the target for an adecuate treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
A model of non-pharmacological intervention (Agorà model) on behavioural disorders in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Conte G. , Sinisi I. , Franza F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cognitive deficits, behavioral disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms (BNS) are characteristics in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Morover, elderly patients often take multiple medications for their several chronic health conditions. Shared decision making is essential to deprescribing unnecessary or harmful medications in older adults. For these reasons, it may be useful to develop multiple strategies intervention not pharmacologically based and to raise the living standards of the patients, the healthcare professionals and the relatives directly or indirectly involved.

Objectives

To show application of the Agorà model in AD to improve the performance levels, to decrease the aggressive behaviours and wandering episodes.

Methods

Twelve inpatients (79-95 ys) affected by AD, were included in our observational study, recruited in Social Cooperative “Il filo di Arianna”, We have applied in our patients the Agorà model (from the Gentlecare model).Were administered following scales: in inpatients: NPI; CDR, MMSE; in caregovers: CBI; at baseline (T0), after three (T1), six (T2) twelve months (T3). For statistical evaluation we used the EZAnalyze Version 3.0 software, on Excel.

Results

At T0 all patients showed high levels of behavioral and aggression disorders. After T3 with Agorà Model, there has been a significant reduction of previous levels. In addition, an improvement in CBI data was observed in caregivers.

Conclusions

The application of the Agorà model has triggered better performance levels in AD. Moreover, it determined a decrease of behavioural disorders, promoted higher levels of participation in the everyday care activities, improved family wellbeing and participation to the assistance activities, reduced health care professionals turnover and burnout levels.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The practice of sedation in palliative care for oncologic patients: Fantasies reported by a nursing team in a specialized hospital in Brazil: A qualitative study
Authors: Turato E. , Santos C. , Rodrigues J.R. , Bispo A.C. , Lima C.S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

CONTEXTUALIZATION: Palliative sedation is a resource used to control symptoms of terminal patients in general. It is considered that it should be discussed by the professionals involved in the process, based on the competence of each one, as well as with family members and patients when possible.

Objectives

AIM: To understand symbolic meanings attributed by nursing professionals who provide assistance to the terminal patient regarding to the act of the palliative sedation.

Methods

Strategies: Clinical-qualitative design, semi-directed interview of open questions in depth. Nine oncologist nurses participated in the study; sample closed by the criterion of theoretical information saturation. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed fully, categorized by qualitative content analysis. The results were discussed by colleagues of the Laboratory of Clinical Qualitative Research at the University of Campinas.

Results

FINDINGS: The treatment of the data led to 6 emerging categories: (1) death maintains its ambivalent values in our culture; (2) serving the death symbolically on a tray; (3) the act of sedation and its “unfortunate coincidences”; (4) palliative sedation: agent of a pious death; (5) late sedation: cause for distress to the professional; (6) the professional’s self-comfort considering certain psychological strength from the patient and family.

Conclusions

Final considerations: palliative sedation takes a general and individual meanings for the professional and even in case of experienced professionals regard to palliative sedation, the death phenomenon conduct them to expresses multiple and peculiar emotional issues, not ever perceveid.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychiatric aspects of the end of life in oncologic patients
Authors: Trigo M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Patients with life-limiting oncologic conditions should be approached by multidisciplinary teams that contribute to improve their quality of life, including support from mental health dedicated professionals. It is the role of the psychiatrist to understand the relationship between mental health and general health outcomes, specific of this type of patients. Terminally ill and dying patients benefit from psychiatric support, and it seems to have real effects in terms of patient care and medical staff education.

Objectives

To identify approaches and mental health professionals’ practices regarding end-of-life issues in terminally ill cancer patients.

Methods

Review of the most recent literature regarding end-of-life issues in terminally ill cancer patients. The research was carried out through the Cochrane, UptoDate, PubMed, MedLine, LILACS and SciELO databases, using the terms “oncology”, “psychiatry” and “end of life”, until December 2020.

Results

While symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in palliative care settings, generally related to feelings of helplessness and fear of death, they should not be assumed to be an inevitable part of it. For terminally ill patients, anxiety and trauma-related disorders can manifest in various ways and it is important to establish personalized treatment approaches, based on a supportive clinical team, and, if necessary, psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic or complementary treatments.

Conclusions

It is extremely important to assess terminally ill patients from the mental health point of view. It is required that psychiatrists take part in clinical care and research on the treatment of these patients with severe medical conditions, in order to increase their quality of life.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Reflex therapy in patients with chronic tension-type headaches: Effectiveness via sensory and affective Mcgill pain questionnaire descriptors
Authors: Shevtsova G. , Malenkova E. , Zagorulko O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Tension-type headaches is the most common type of headache among adults and it rises a challenge in findig an effective and safe treatment method.

Objectives

The study aims to evaluate the corporal acupuncture therapy efficacy in patients with chronic tension-type headaches undergoing a complex treatment plan.

Methods

The study involved 132 patients (74% female and 26% men) aged 18-65 years, who were divided into two groups. Patients reported their pain lasted 0.4-12 years. All the patients received conventional treatment (central muscle relaxants and antidepressants). The study group additionally received classical corporal acupuncture 3 times per week, a course of 12 sessions. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by measuring pain intensity using a subjective visual analogue scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ).

Results

Most of the patients (79% and 88% of study and control groups respectively) demonstrated moderate cervical musculoskeletal dysfunctions. At admission pain intensity was 4.2±1.5 and 3.8±1.7 VAS points in the control and study groups respectively, MPQ sensory rank pain index (RPI) was 5.92±1.49 points, affective RPI 3.41±0.84, the total RPI – 7.12±2.56 in the control group, and 6.22±1.74; 2.98±0.62 and 7.14±1.65 points in the study group. 4 weeks after treatment measurements showed following pain intensity changes: 4.21±0.74 vs 3.1±0.95 points in the control and study groups respectively. 3- and 6-month period revealed 3.1±0.57, 2.4±0.74 points and 2.1±0.62, 1.1±0.49 points in the control and study groups respectively.

Conclusions

Classical corporal acupuncture course may benefit chronic tension-type headaches patients providing an effective treatment in a safe way.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Gambling disorder (GD) in youth with borderline personality disorder: Understanding comorbidity
Authors: Kaleda V. , Krylova E. , Kuleshov A. , Beburishvili A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Epidemiological data suggest that in youth the prevalence of co-occurring borderline personality disorder (BPD) is particularly high in people with gambling disorder (GD).

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate clinical presentations of GD in youth patients with BPD.

Methods

Clinical psychopathological interview, SCID-II, The Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Zung Anxiety Rating Scale (ZARS). Sample: N=65 male and female, age: 18-25 with GD and BPD.

Results

GD clinical presentation in BPD patients in youth have age and individual specific signs, like polymorphism and high conjugacy with comorbid mental disorders (including, but not limited to MDD, OCD, anxiety disorders, body dysmorphic disorder and etc.) Types of GD in BPD varied due to these comorbid syndrome: 1. Subjects with GD, BPD and MDD in youth demonstrated severity progression in anticipatory tension emotional distress (mental pain, shame, guilt) and lower level in pleasure on winning the bet (G-SAS:SD/Mean 35± 3). 2. Group with OCR and Anxiety Disorders showed different profile: urges to gamble and emotional distress dominated here (G-SAS SD/Mean 32.5± 1). 3. Individuals with no clear co-occurring clinical syndromes revealed combination low level control thoughts of gambling with much excitement and pleasure on winning the bet (G-SAS:SD/Mean 41.2± 2).

Conclusions

Our research provides further insight on GD structure in youth BPD patients with comorbid psychiatric syndromes

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Body modification in university students: Attitudes and role of personal body alteration experience
Authors: Vasilieva E. , Nikolaev E. , Mengeliyeva D. , Nikolaev E. , Petunova S. , Petunova Y.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Body modifications are a common practice in altering one’s appearance. Some authors refer to such practices body injuring (tattooing, piercing) and indirect body modification (dieting, bodybuilding).

Objectives

To study the attitudes of university students to body modifications considering their personal adaptation potential and experience of body injuring when modifying it.

Methods

We surveyed 104 university students aged 17–24 (65.3% males). The first group included 52 students who had experienced body altering (tattooing, piercing), the second group – 52 students without such an experience. We used the Maddi Hardiness Scale to assess the personal adaptation potential and a 14-point questionnaire to estimate the attitude to body modification.

Results

Over the half of the students in both groups consider that an insufficiently beautiful body needs “improving” (63.4% и 51.9%), but people do not have to intensively build up their muscles (51.9% и 84.7%). Students with modified bodies look more positively at piercing (z=5.4; p=.0001), weight control (z=5.20; p=.0001) and plastic surgery (z=4.02; p=.0001). Students with unmodified bodies credibly more rarely regard tattoo as decoration (z=3.7; p=.0002) and have a more negative attitude to pediatricians having tattoos (z=2.9; p=.003). Indicators of psychological hardiness in the first group are credibly lower – commitment (р=.01), control (р=.001) and challenge (р=.0001).

Conclusions

Students with a higher adaptation potential limit themselves to indirect body modifications (physical exercises). Students with a lower adaptation potential more often resort to body injuring (tattooing, piercing), which may reflect peculiarities of their personal response to stress or peculiarities of their mental status.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Disturbances of intentionality in schizophrenia and in depression
Authors: Dörr O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

IIntentionality constitutes an essential phenomenon of psychic life (Brentano, 1874; Husserl, 1917). Its disturbance can be expected in schizophrenia and depression.

Objectives

To study how such fundamental psychic function is altered in these two diseases.

Methods

Phenomenological method allows to deepen in the structure of complex phenomena. Husserl’s analysis of “consciousness of immanent time” helps in studying how intentionality functions in schizophrenia. In depression, we appeal to own previous phenomenological researches revealing three fundamental features: a specific change in body experience; inability to act, feel, think, etc. (inhibition); and alteration, inversion, and suspension of biorhythms.

Results

The intentional arc connects the beginning and the end of a phrase. This arc will keep tenser, the bigger is the potency of the aim of my speech and my capacity to exclude inadequate associations. In schizophrenia intentional arc expands and appear “lax associations” (Bleuler, 1911) and “overinclusion” (Cameron, 1968). Fuchs (2005) argues that also the rest of schizophrenic symptoms represent disturbances of intentionality, e. g., in paranoid ideas an inversion occurs. In depression, its three essential phenomena can be interpreted as different forms of intentionality failure: the compromise of lived body and its consequent loss of transparence lead to incapacity of projecting oneself toward action and future. “Not being able to” (inhibition) means a detention of intentionality. Closely related appears the inability to anticipate. Finally, the alteration, inversion or suspension of biorhythms is temporal and insofar implicates a disturbance of intentionality.

Conclusions

The main features of schizophrenia and depression represent specific forms of alteration of intentionality.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Posttraumatic stress disorder with psychotic symptoms. A case report
Authors: Galeron R. , Cabañas M. Jiménez , Albarracin P. , Herrero E. , Naval M. Huete , Rendón-Luna B. Serván
Published: February 2022

Introduction

We present a 29-year-old man with a family psychopathological history of depression and a personal history of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after sexual and psychological abuse in childhood, depressive symptoms and substance use (cannabis), who experienced delusions that made him feel threatened and in danger, with huge anxiety and insomnia for one year after a heartbreak. In addition, the patient was dysphoric, verborrheic and presented ruminative thoughts and flashbacks of abuse suffered in childhood.

Objectives

To review the literature of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Psychotic Symptoms (PTSD-PS) and study the difference between PTSD-PS and other psychotic disorders.

Methods

Literature review of scientific articles searching in Pubmed and Medline. We considered articles in English and Spanish.

Results

Pharmacological treatment with antipsychotics and mood stabilizer was started with remission of anxiety and insomnia and recovery of euthymia. Delusions persisted but without affective and behavioral repercussions. With psychotherapeutic work in a psychiatric Day Hospital, complete remission and proper processing of traumatic experiences were achieved. The main psychotic symptoms in PTSD are hallucinations and delusions which tend to chronicity. The content is often paranoid and persecutory in nature but not complex or bizarre like those found in schizophrenia. These symptoms are not limited to flashback episodes and the content may or may not be trauma related.

Conclusions

Although the studies show PTSD-PS presents characteristic symptoms, more research about is needed.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The overlap between complex posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: García C. Álvarez , Navarro L. Nocete , Lietor M.D.C. Molina , Iñiguez I. Cuevas , Giancola A. Sanz
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Research has shown the relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD), pointing out the overlapping nature and expression of both conditions. In order to understand their differences and similarities, we present a case of a 22-years-old patient with a history of repeated sexual trauma throughout all her adolescence, whose diagnose was changed from BPD to cPTSD after she was admitted in an acute inpatient mental health unit.

Objectives

To gather the similarities between borderline personality disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder.

Methods

A narrative review of the literature through the presentation of a case. Articles were chosen based on its clinical relevance.

Results

cPTSD merges the clinical features and symptoms of PTSD with affect dysregulation, negative self-perception, unstable relationships and somatization, also present in BPD. Furthermore, BPD is known to frequently have a traumatic etiology.

Conclusions

It is not always simple to draw a clear line between cPTSD and BPD conditions. However, each diagnosis may have a different impact on patient understanding and treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Trauma and sexual risk behaviors in an adolescent victim of sexual abuse: A case report
Authors: Borges L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Childhood and adolescence sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor for psychological trauma and a strong predictor of lifetime psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, inappropriate sexual behavior, anger, guilt, shame and other emotional and relationship problems.

Objectives

Describe a clinical case of a sexually abused adolescent admitted in a psychiatric unit for young adults and to correlate sexual abuse with trauma and sexual risk behaviors.

Methods

The data was collected through clinical and family interviews. The revision was made with the search terms “trauma”, “child and adolescence sexual abuse”, “sexual risk behaviors” in scientific databases.

Results

16 year-old girl, high-school student, living with her nuclear family, was admitted in a psychiatric hospital with feelings of sadness and anxiety since the previous month, that lead to a voluntary medicine ingestion. She has been continuously sexually abused from the age of 12 to 16 by an older man, and once by her cousin and his friends. Since than, she refers feelings of anger, sadness, dissociative symptoms and intrusive images and nightmares related to the abuses, and continues to seek attention from older men. With medication and individual and family psychotherapeutic interventions, depressive, anxiety and dissociative symptoms have improved.

Conclusions

Literature concludes that there’s a strong correlation between CSA, trauma and sexual risk behaviors throughout adulthood. In fact, our patient met criteria for Pos-traumatic Stress Disorder and has sexual risk behaviors that must be worked through therapy. Due to it’s complexity, treatment of the adolescent and familial system after sexual abuse is multifaceted and requires a biopsychosocial approach.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Application of the decision tree model in ADHD screening
Authors: Carreiro L.R. , Silva M. , Teixeira M.C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder characterized by persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity / impulsivity. There is considerable difficulty in diagnosing ADHD, mainly to discriminate what could be symptoms arising from ADHD or typical age behaviors. The decision tree model is a statistical algorithm, a predictive model built with comparisons of values for a given objective that can be compared with other constant values, placing these variables in a database at hierarchical levels.

Objectives

This study aims to apply the decision tree model in directing the screening of ADHD complaints to analyze which cognitive and behavioral parameters would be better associations with ADHD accurate diagnosis

Methods

We used a database of research protocol with 202 children assessed with complaints of ADHD and a control group with 185 participants. Decision tree analyzed parameters selected from the cognitive instruments, such voluntary attention, Continuous Performance Test indexes, WCST indexes, Wechsler Intelligence indexes and behavioral scales from CBCL/6-1 and TRF/6-18.

Results

The highlighted results points to WCST index like: “Perseverative answers” and “Perseverative errors” and “learning to learn” joint to “CPT omissions” and behavioral scales as “CBCL ADHD”, and “CBCL Problems of Attention” produces accuracy of diagnosis discrimination from 84.7% to 60% in the precision of the decision tree.

Conclusions

The decision tree and machine learning approaches can be effective in directing the screening of typical ADHD complaints.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.