bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Use After Adoption of a Prescribing Guideline for Outpatient Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Keyser Cornelia , Miller Christopher P. , Jacobs Jennifer , Bluman Eric , Smith Jeremy T. , Chiodo Christopher
Published: July 2019

Background:

In 2016, our provider group adopted an initial prescription opioid maximum guideline to reduce overprescription of opioids. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess opioid consumption patterns following implementation of this guideline in patients undergoing outpatient foot and ankle surgery.

Methods:

Over a 1-year period, we prospectively analyzed opioid prescription and use patterns of 303 consecutive patients. Opioid consumption was verified by pill counts completed at the 2- and 6-week postoperative visits. The morphine equivalent dose was calculated for each prescription and converted to the equivalent 5-mg oxycodone “pill.” We used the regression coefficients from a regression model of opioid consumption to create a revised guideline for maximum initial opioid prescriptions based on patient age, bony vs nonbony procedure, and anatomic location (forefoot/midfoot/hindfoot/ankle).

Results:

On average, 37.4 pills were prescribed and 18.9 pills used (47.6% utilization). Only 17.2% of patients used their full prescription quantity. By 2 weeks, 88% of patients no longer used opioids. Only 1.3% of patients used prescription opioids beyond 6 weeks. Independent risk factors for increased opioid consumption were younger age ( P = .003), male sex ( P = .007), recent preoperative opioid use ( P = .019), bony procedures ( P < .001), and ankle/hindfoot procedures ( P = .016 and P < .001).

Conclusion:

This study showed the amount of opioid consumption for patients undergoing foot and ankle procedures. We present a modified guideline for the maximum initial prescription of opioids following outpatient foot and ankle procedures that can be used as a benchmark for further study in decreasing overprescribing.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective observational cohort study.
Alcohol-related problems among college and university students in Norway: extent of the problem
Authors: Heradstveit Ove , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Brunborg Geir Scott , Lønning Kari Jussi , Sivertsen Børge
Published: July 2019

Aims: The aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the distribution of alcohol-related problems in a large sample of college and university students. We also sought to examine trends in the distribution of alcohol-related problems from 2010 to 2018. Methods: Data stem from a recent national health survey from 2018 for higher education in Norway (the SHoT study) in which 50,054 full-time students (69.1% women; 30.9% men) aged 18–35 years participated. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess potential alcohol-related problems. Data on demographic characteristics were also collected. Results: More than half of the male students (52.8%) and 4 out of 10 of the female students (40.1%) reported risky, harmful or dependent alcohol use. Compared to women, men had an increased risk of risky alcohol use (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.57), harmful alcohol use (RRR = 2.45) and dependent alcohol use (RRR = 2.73). Younger students had higher rates of risky and harmful alcohol use compared with older students, while rates of dependent alcohol use were similar across the age span. Several demographic variables were associated with alcohol use. The trend analyses revealed that the rates of risky, harmful and dependent alcohol use, as well as mean AUDIT scores, among the students have remained relatively stable over the past 8 years. Conclusions: Alcohol use remains an important health concern among Norwegian college and university students, and the present study confirms the high rates of alcohol-related problems, and the need to address the issue within this population.
Impact of biofilm on the resistance characteristics and nominal wake
Authors: Farkas Andrea , Degiuli Nastia , Martić Ivana
Published: July 2019

Numerical assessment of the impact of biofilm on the resistance characteristics and nominal wake is carried out within this study. Therefore, roughness function models are implemented within the wall function of the commercial software package. Extensive verification study as well as the estimation of numerical uncertainties in the prediction of the resistance characteristics and nominal wake is made. Furthermore, numerical uncertainties in the prediction of the change in resistance characteristics and nominal wake are assessed as well. Thereafter, validation study is carried out by comparing the obtained increases in the frictional and total resistance with the increases obtained using Granville similarity law scaling method. The significant impact of biofilm on the resistance characteristics as well as on the nominal wake is noted. Thus, total resistance and frictional resistance increase due to the presence of biofilm, while wave resistance decreases, contradicting the classical methods, which consider that only frictional resistance is affected due to the presence of roughness. Furthermore, nominal wake coefficient is increased due to the presence of biofilm, which causes slowdown of the flow.
The Praise of Collective Autoethnography
Authors: Wężniejewska Paulina , Szwabowski Oskar , Szczepaniak Colette , Pławski Marcin
Published: July 2019

The article is a palimpsest created as part of the project of collective autoethnographic writing. Its multiple forms formed the basis for the community and the intensification of friendly writing. After the assemblies, there were remnants. The remnants of practices from which one could crack meanings―but these are not the most important ones. This peculiar collection of artifacts is presented with a frail hope that the remnants still contain a messianic promise which will spread like plague. Maybe the text will revive in your hands—by reading it, you will write another version with our ghosts.

We are ghosts. In words. We haunt.
Participation in daily life for adults with profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities: How high do they climb on Shier’s ladder of participation?
Authors: Talman Lena , Stier Jonas , Wilder Jenny , Gustafsson Christine
Published: July 2019

Participation is the goal of Swedish disability policy, but it is difficult to achieve for adults with profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities (PI(M)D). Since these adults are dependent on others in every aspect of their lives, others control their ability to participate in everyday life decisions. This study used observations, analyzed with Shier’s ladder of participation, to elucidate and describe participation in daily life for adults with PI(M)D living in a group home. The results showed that the adults often reached the first three levels of Shier’s ladder, one adult reached the fourth level once, and no one reached the fifth level. Participation on a higher level, therefore, seems hard to reach for adults. Staff members’ attitudes toward the adults’ capability can also be a barrier to participation. Applying Shier’s ladder of participation can provide valuable information that might lead to increased participation in daily life for adults with PI(M)D.
Anticipating the unknown: Crisis communication while under investigation
Authors: Jong Wouter
Published: July 2019

The cause of a crisis may have to be reidentified when, during the aftermath of the crisis, new insights come to light in the accident reports. The possible reassignment of responsibility for a crisis complicates the suitable choice of an appropriate crisis response strategy that is ultimately intended to optimize reputational protection. This article describes how this phenomenon should be taken into account and suggests an ‘acknowledge and await’ response strategy for situations in which organizations prefer to respond with care and not jump to conclusions before the outcomes of an investigation are known.
Lateral Eye Movements Do Not Increase False-Memory Rates: A Failed Direct-Replication Study
Authors: van Schie Kevin , Leer Arne
Published: July 2019

In this direct replication of Houben, Otgaar, Roelofs, and Merckelbach ( Clinical Psychological Science, 6, 610–616, 2018), we tested whether making eye movements during memory recall increases susceptibility to creating false memories. Undergraduates ( N = 206) watched a video of a car crash, after which they recalled the video with or without simultaneously making eye movements. Next, participants received misinformation about the video. Finally, during the critical test, they were questioned about video details. The results showed that making eye movements did not increase endorsement of misinformation (i.e., false memory), nor did it reduce (correct) memory details or memory vividness and emotionality. Random variation in sampling or measurement, low reliability of the test instrument, and observer-expectancy effects may explain discrepancies between study effects. Only multiple direct replications by different (independent) laboratories with standardized instruments will allow for assessing whether the effect is robust and largely independent of random variation and moderators.
Risk factors for tracheostomy after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Mu Zhiping , Zhang Zhengfeng
Published: July 2019

Objective:

To determine the risk factors for the need of tracheostomy after cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) at the acute stage.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively reviewed 294 patients with acute traumatic CSCI in Xinqiao Hospital between 2012 and 2016 and analyzed the factors postulated to increase the risk for tracheostomy, including patient’s age, neurological impairment scale grade and level, smoking history, combined injury, and surgical intervention. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factor for the need of tracheostomy.

Results:

Of 294 patients, 52 patients received tracheostomy (17.7%). The factor identified by demographics and outcomes were smoking history, cause of injury, neurological impairment scale grade and level, and combined dislocation. A multiple logistic regression model demonstrated that age of 60 years older, combined facet dislocation, C4 level high, and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) A and B scale were predictive of need for tracheostomy on 95% occasions.

Conclusion:

The high age of 60 years, combined facet dislocation, C4 level high, and ASIA A and B scale are indispensable to predict the need for tracheostomy in patients with CSCI at the acute stage.
Measuring Speech Recognition With a Matrix Test Using Synthetic Speech
Authors: Nuesse Theresa , Wiercinski Bianca , Brand Thomas , Holube Inga
Published: July 2019

Speech audiometry is an essential part of audiological diagnostics and clinical measurements. Development times of speech recognition tests are rather long, depending on the size of speech corpus and optimization necessity. The aim of this study was to examine whether this development effort could be reduced by using synthetic speech in speech audiometry, especially in a matrix test for speech recognition. For this purpose, the speech material of the German matrix test was replicated using a preselected commercial system to generate the synthetic speech files. In contrast to the conventional matrix test, no level adjustments or optimization tests were performed while producing the synthetic speech material. Evaluation measurements were conducted by presenting both versions of the German matrix test (with natural or synthetic speech), alternately and at three different signal-to-noise ratios, to 48 young, normal-hearing participants. Psychometric functions were fitted to the empirical data. Speech recognition thresholds were 0.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio higher (worse) for the synthetic speech, while slopes were equal for both speech types. Nevertheless, speech recognition scores were comparable with the literature and the threshold difference lay within the same range as recordings of two different natural speakers. Although no optimization was applied, the synthetic-speech signals led to equivalent recognition of the different test lists and word categories. The outcomes of this study indicate that the application of synthetic speech in speech recognition tests could considerably reduce the development costs and evaluation time. This offers the opportunity to increase the speech corpus for speech recognition tests with acceptable effort.
Dental Professionals’ Engagement in Tobacco, Electronic Cigarette, and Cannabis Patient Counseling
Authors: Chaffee B.W. , Urata J. , Couch E.T. , Silverstein S.
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

California features low smoking prevalence, cautionary electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) public messaging, and legal recreational cannabis: a unique landscape for dental professionals to navigate tobacco cessation promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed California dental professionals’ self-reported tobacco patient counseling behaviors and the correlates of providing such assistance.

Methods:

Statewide surveys of dental hygienists (n = 701) and dentists (n = 725) were distributed electronically. The dentist survey was weighted for sampling and nonresponse. Prevalence of asking patients about use was compared for cigarette and noncigarette products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cannabis). Multivariable models identified independent correlates of providing cessation assistance to tobacco-using patients.

Results:

Respondents reported frequently (often/always) documenting patient tobacco use (hygienists: 80%; dentists: 73%) but less commonly provided forms of assistance (hygienists: 27%–49%; dentists: 10%–31%). Most respondents asked patients about cigarette smoking, but noncigarette product use (cigar, hookah, pipe, e-cigarette, or cannabis) was not commonly assessed. Greater confidence and willingness to assist were positively associated with providing assistance in multivariable models, but perceived barriers (e.g., lack of time and remuneration) were not. Results were robust to model specifications.

Conclusions:

California dental professionals often ask about smoking but lag in providing cessation assistance and inquiring about noncigarette products. Successful efforts to encourage dental professionals’ engagement in tobacco prevention and cessation must enhance providers’ self-efficacy and motivation and likely will require system and organizational change.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Study findings identify substantial gaps in dental professionals’ engagement in patient tobacco cessation. The results identify correlates of providing assistance and of dental professionals’ willingness and confidence to do so, which could serve to inform interventions to support and enhance engagement.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Foot and Ankle Orthopedics
Authors: Lakey Eric , Hunt Kenneth J.
Published: July 2019

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are a measure of health care quality that reflect the patient’s perceptions of their own health status. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in implementation of PROs into everyday clinical practice. There are many dozens of PROs available to foot and ankle surgeons with little consensus on which measures are most appropriate for a given condition. These measures vary widely in length, validity, and content. When integrating PROs into clinical practice, we recommend that clinicians should collect, at a minimum, validated PRO scores that assess pain, function, and general health. Furthermore, concise instruments should be used wherever possible to minimize patient burden, maximize patient engagement, and ensure meaningful data are collected. In the near future, outcomes registries employing computer adaptive testing will facilitate the routine collection of PRO data from all patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level V, expert opinion.
Físico y digital
Authors: García Amen Mg. Arq. Fernando
Published: July 2019

Este artículo intenta construir un discurso de base historicista en relación a los orígenes del paradigma digital en arquitectura, haciendo foco en los procesos productivos de la fabricación digital y en la génesis de las ideas que la sustentan. Para ese fin, se analiza la obra teórica de cinco arquitectos considerados como los precursores de este paradigma, como antecedente histórico de la cuarta revolución industrial. Es el caso de las ideas de Frederick Kiesler, Christopher Alexander, Cedric Price, Nicholas Negroponte, y William J. Mitchell. A partir de este análisis, se plantean una serie de posibles escenarios y conclusiones, a manera de claves de comprensión de la convergencia físico-digital en la generación del proyecto de arquitectura.
La experiencia del movimiento como una lectura posible del paisaje dinámico
Authors: Santiago Arq. Jaquelina Paola
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo de reflexión se desprende de las indagaciones de una tesis doctoral en curso, donde se vinculan las nociones de “paisaje” y “vialidad”, para avanzar hacia la construcción de la “percepción del paisaje en movimiento”. El componente empírico consiste en el viaje por una ruta local y el relato de dicho itinerario, con el objeto de demostrar que los desplazamientos por las vialidades interurbanas pueden constituir un valioso recurso de percepción y apropiación del paisaje, en línea con una concepción dinámica del mismo. Como conclusión se reconoce un espacio rico en escenarios paisajísticos y potencialidades sensoriales. Se trata de un trazado natural continuo, secuencial, cambiante y fugaz. Un juego entre lo que se ve y lo que no: el avistaje y el ocultamiento, la desaparición repentina de esas masas de agua y la expectativa de su visibilidad. Por otra parte, la realización del itinerario deja muchas expectativas en relación al aprovechamiento de este paisaje procurando superar la instancia de escenario a ser contemplado, para pasar a concebir al paisaje como elemento clave que forme parte material del proyecto de la vialidad.
Survei Pembelajaran Kearifan Lokal di Taman Kanak-Kanak Se-Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Pamungkas Joko , Syamsudin Amir , Harun Harun , Sudaryanti Sudaryanti
Published: July 2019

Local wisdom is something very important to be cultivated as an effort to inculcate the values contained in it. This needs to be instilled from an early childhood education. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of learning local wisdom in kindergarten throughout the province of DIY. The research method used is a survey. The results of the study show that the wealth of local wisdom has not been used optimally for the stimulation process of early childhood development. The skills of taste such as carving, playing gamelan and tambourines performed by children hardly occur in the implementation of early childhood learning. However, the skills of painting skills get the best portion of early childhood learning in all districts / cities in DIY. Likewise, the introduction of names for nuclear family members, large families, types of work, traditional games, traditional ceremonies, names of animals, plants, and time markers have been well implemented in the process of early childhood learning. Learning local wisdom can stimulate children’s full potential.
Pengembangan Diri dan Pembiasaan dalam Pembelajaran “Bahasa”
Authors: Maksudin
Published: July 2019

The Habituation in learning “language” is lessened trial and substantial in terms of mastery and language skills including mastery and Arabic language skills. Because the habituation is a basic requirement in the learning “language” itself. For language learners to be able to master the language being studied or taught in the learning needs of habituation and repetition continuously. On the other side of habituation, the language will have a positive influence on the development of language learners themselves. Therefore, the relation of the habituation in learning the language as an integral part of self-development for language learners. In this paper, the self-development approach used a humanistic approach. This approach is seen to have compatibility with habituation in language learning
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Wibowo Fatih Rizqi
Published: July 2019

This research is aimed to describe how arabic learning by using 2013 curriculum took place, what that causes the problem, and effort performes by teacher in MAN 2 Wates. This research becomes a measuring rod in developing 2013 curriculum -especially in arabic subject- and in increasing the success of arabic learning process.
URGENSI KEBIJAKAN SKRIPSI BERBAHASA ARAB SEBAGAI MEDIA PENINGKATAN MUTU MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Ammar Adzfar
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the factors that cause a student in Arabic Education of UIN Sunan Kalijaga prefer to write the their thesis are in the Indonesian language, the reason is not mandatory thesis in Arabic in the Department of Arabic Language Education of UIN Sunan Kalijaga and formulate a package of measures to improve the quality of graduates by improving the quality essay. This research is descriptive qualitative, is a research field where research in the Department of Arabic Language Education and Teaching Faculty Tarbiyah UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Methods of data collection in the form of questionnaires and interview guidelines. The source data comes from students who are or have written thesis and the leadership of the Department of Arabic Language Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga as stakeholders. The results showed there are eight factors that cause students of the Department of Arabic Language Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga prefer to write the thesis they are in the Indonesian language, there are four reasons to consider not mandatory thesis in Arabic in the Department of Arabic Language Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga and the third package of measures thesis Arabic for improve the quality of graduates, accompanied by step realization of each activity.
MEDIA VISUAL - KINESTETIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB SISWA
Authors: Rodhi Ahmad
Published: July 2019

This research is a Classroom Action Research. The purpose of Classroom Action Research that I conducted is to know that learning with visual-kinesthetic media can improve students' Arabic learning outcomes, viewed from the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. The subjects in this study are students, teachers, head of madrasah and administrative staff. As for the data collection, I used observation, interviews, and tests. This study was conducted in 3 cycles with 5 meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of this study indicate that the use of visual-kinesthetic media can improve students' Arabic learning outcomes in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.
الطريقة الإستقرائية في تعليم التوابع
Authors: Nurviyanti Siti
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to explain about tawābi ’and find out the learning methods that are suitable for middle-level students and their application. And with this research is expected to expand the knowledge of educators and students in the field of science, especially in the chapter at-tawābi 'and the appropriate learning methods. And this type of research is library research using various books. Then all explanations by reading books related to the research title. And the researcher used the Wasfi method in this study, this research begins with an explanation of at-tawābi 'and its types and laws, from the explanation it can be concluded that the learning method that is suitable for the middle-level students and their application is based on the books in accordance with research. The results of this study are that there are 4 parts at-tawābi ’: anna’t, attaukîd, al‘ atf, and al badal. Anna’t consists of two types: anna’tussababiy and anna’tulhaqiqiy, attaukîd there are two types: lafżiy and ma’nawiy. Whereas al'aṭf consists of two parts: ‘aṭful bayān and‘ atfunnasaq (‘aṭfun bil hurûf). The letters ‘aṭf have nine: waw, fa ', śumma, aw, hatta, am, lakin, bal, and lā. Whereas the Badal consists of four parts: albadal almuṭãbiq, badalu ba'din min kullin, badalul isytimāl, albadal almubayyin lil mubdal minhu. And the learning method that is suitable for middle-level students is the inductive method, because the learning process is fast starting with mentioning vocabulary examples then an example explanation by discussing with students then drawing conclusions / rules from students with the help of the teacher. And the application with five parts: opening, giving examples, comparison, drawing conclusions and training.
Model Penerapan Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia (KKNI) Sebagai Penguatan Mutu Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab
Authors: . Nurhadi , Setiyawan Agung
Published: July 2019

This study aims to compare the two KKNI-based Arabic Language Education curricula between PBA UIN Malang and PBA UMY. This type of research is field research which is located in PBA UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and PBA Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Data collection methods using observation, interviews and documentation and data analysis are qualitative. The results of the study show that there are several similarities and differences between the two curricula which are reflected in the curriculum preparation, implementation and evaluation and also found the advantages that are characteristic of each. In addition, there are still some shortcomings because it is indeed a new curriculum that needs to be refined. We hope that this work can be used as a reference as well as learning material for other Arabic Language Education study programs in developing an IQF-based curriculum.
الحاسوب الآلي في تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Santi AY Linda Eka
Published: July 2019

That educational aids help the teacher in the face of large numbers of students and the density of classrooms after the education became mandatory in some stages and increased awareness and education has a great place in the hearts of people. It also draws students to the lesson and draws attention to it and make the impact of what they learn to stay and continue and help them to quickly remember the information related to a tangible sensory basis. And educational technology methodology in thinking focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the teaching and learning procedures and resources design, implementation, development and management, to upgrade the educational process, and access to perfection. It is an integrated composite process that includes human resources, material resources, ideas and actions that lead to solutions to educational problems that hinder the progress and development of human learning. The computer may still dazzle us every moment with its multiple abilities to penetrate our lives, and in most countries of the world and through the educational institutions in which the reliance on the computer in education is an essential element of the educational process. The study reached several results, most notably that the field of teaching and learning the Arabic language benefited greatly from the potential of the computer. And that the creativity of the teacher has an effective role in the benefit of the use of the computer, as the use of education in several ways, it is several methods of teaching group in one, and the study resulted in several problems are human and financial resources, Between language teachers, programmers, the lack of technological awareness, the negative attitudes of some teachers, and the lack of widespread self-learning.
تنفيذ الطريقة الإلقائية في درس الإملاء
Authors: Rizqiyah Wakhidatur
Published: July 2019

Santriwati's ability to listen to the lesson is influenced and dependent on the clarity and truth of the pronunciation of the Master or the reader of the Imla '. With the Ilqo'iyah Method the teacher can expose the knowledge in a sequential phrase then connect it in a sequential and controlled manner by a good and interesting technique. The purpose of this study is to find out what the Imla teachers 'efforts in applying Ilqo'iyah Methods in Imla Learning' and to know the benefits and effects of Imla 'lessons. This study is a field study, and to achieve the above objectives, the researcher uses an observation method, interview method, and documentation method. The analysis technique used is technique from Miles and Huberman, that is by reducing data, then present data, then draw conclusion and verification. It is noteworthy that the application of the Ilqoiyah method in Imla 'lessons has been applied during the reading of the Imus' lecture with the lecture method, and the justification of the writing on the chalkboard with the explanation, before, a brief exposition of the subject matter using the method of description, lastly, the teacher's story relating to the material, delivered by the method of telling stories.
Siyasah Idarat al-'Arabiyah Fii Tahqiqi Farthi at-Tahsin lada at-Thullabi Fii Ziyadati Injazati al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah Fii al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah Qismi al-Tarbiyyah Fii IAIN Lhokseumawe
Authors: Sofyan Syukran
Published: July 2019

إن قسم تعليم اللغة العربية في كلية التربية وتعليم المعلمين في IAIN Lhokseumawe في تدريسه يستخدم بوضوح الأساليب والأهداف. لأن الهدف من التعلم سيكون ناجحًا ويمكن توجيهه. لكن هذا لا يكفي ، لأن ليس جميع طلاب قسم تعليم اللغة العربية في كلية التربية وتدريب المعلمين من IAIN Lhokseumawe من نفس الخلفية. جاء بعض الطلاب قبل دخول قسم تعليم اللغة العربية من مدارس الماجستير ، والمهنية ، والمدارس الثانوية والإسلامي. وبالطبع فإن الطلاب الذين ينتمون إلى مدارس داخلية إسلامية يتمتعون بإنجازات عربية أعلى من أولئك الذين التحقوا بالمدارس الثانوية والمهنية والماجستير ، وقد خلص الباحثون إلى أن هذه السياسات قد خلصت إلى أن السياسات التي يضعها القسم يمكن أن تساوي الاختلافات في تحصيل الطلاب وتقليلها ، لا يزال تنفيذ برامج السياسة العامة في تطوير اللغة يواجه العديد من العقبات والمساوئ.

Abstrak

ِJurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Lhokseumawe dalam pengajarannya menggunakan metode serta tujuan dengan jelas. Karena dengan tujuanlah suatu pembelajaran akan berhasil dan dapat diarahkan. Tetapi itu semua tidak cukup, karena mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Lhokseumawe tidak semua berasal dari latar belakang yang sama. Sebagian mahasiswa sebelum masuk ke Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab  ada yang berasal dari MA, SMK, SMA dan Pesantren. Tentu saja yang berasal dari Pesantren prestasi bahasa Arabnya lebih tinggi dari pada yang berasal dari SMA, SMK dan MA, dengan hasil tersebut penulis simpulkan dengan adanya kebijakan-kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Jurusan, dapat menyetarakan dan mengurangi perbedaan prestasi mahasiswa/i, walupun dalam pelaksanaan program kebijakan dalam pengembangan bahasa masih banyak hambatan dan kekurangan.
Analisis PIECES dalam Implementasi Kebijakan E-Learning di IAIN Kendari
Authors: Lestari Ambar Sri , Rijal Hamka Shbarur
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-learning policies at IAIN Kendari. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the data was collected through observation at the online page of https://elearning.iainkendari.ac.id, interviews and documentation. The results of PIECES analysis calculations in the application of e-learning are seen from several aspects, including: performance, information, economy, control and services are in the category of important with the value of 3.46%, 3.82%, 3.77%, 3.85% and 3.88%  respectively. Regarding the aspect of efficiency, the value is 4.28% within the category Very Important. Whereas, the implementation of e-learning learning policies using Edward's theory was investigated from four aspects, namely: 1) communication that was conducted through the socialization of e-learning workshops; 2) resources including human/technician resources that were still very lacking as well as infrastructure with the addition of 80 Mbps bandwidth to five faculties, rectorates, libraries and postgraduate programs; 3) dispositions were given to the policy users, namely lecturers who were still less motivated in using e-learning, and 4) bureaucratic structure related to operational standards procedures that was designed in the form of e-learning guidebooks. The result found that e-learning implementation was in the category of important in the aspect of performance, information, economics, control and service, and in the category of very important in the aspect of efficiency. E-learning system at IAIN Kendari is acceptable for all academic civity, however they need personal motivation to implement and utilize it for classroom learning supported by speed internet access.
Explicit Runge–Kutta Methods Combined with Advanced Versions of the Richardson Extrapolation
Authors: Zlatev Zahari , Dimov Ivan , Faragó István , Georgiev Krassimir , Havasi Ágnes
Published: July 2019

Richardson Extrapolation is a very general numerical procedure, which can be applied in the solution of many mathematical problems in an attempt to increase the accuracy of the results. It is assumed that this approach is used to handle non-linear systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which arise often in the mathematical description of scientific and engineering models either directly or after the discretization of the spatial derivatives of partial differential equations (PDEs). The major topic is the analysis ofeightadvanced implementations of the Richardson Extrapolation. Two important properties are analyzed: (a) the possibility to achievemore accurate resultsand (b) the possibility to improvethe stability propertiesof eight advanced versions of the Richardson Extrapolation. A two-parameter family of test-examples was constructed and used to check both the accuracy and the absolute stability of the different versions of the Richardson Extrapolation when these versions are applied together with several Explicit Runge–Kutta Methods (ERKMs).
Characteristics of Acute Toxicity Dynamics of Selected Toxicants on Aquatic Crustaceans
Authors: Żuk Olga , Kosior Grzegorz , Oloś Grzegorz
Published: July 2019

Determining the value of a half-effective or half-life concentration or dose of toxicant is the main purpose of acute toxicity studies, and this is also the most commonly used value in the toxicity characteristics of substances. By conducting tests that meet the criteria and requirements for the determination of acute toxicity, due to the use of appropriate mathematical tools and concentrations resulting in complete lethal effects in the studied groups, considerably more important values can be achieved, which give a possibility for the analysis of the entire process’s dynamics, as well as determining the threshold values of the effect time and toxicant concentration. This was the purpose of our research, in which the research species were Daphnia magna and Cypris pubera. The effect of the conducted research allowed to determine and compare the two toxicants: ammonium and copper(II) ions by it’s: concentration limit values (C

th
), internal toxicity of the receptor-ligand complex (α), apparent, constant disintegration of this complex (K

app
) and different time values of the effect (Tt
, Tin
, MLT), which, along with concentration, is equally important determinant of the development of a toxic effect.
Azadirachta indica leaves extract assisted green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 for degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes in aqueous medium
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Muneer Majid , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem Khan , Akram Nadia , Khalid Sheeba , Adeel Muhammad , Nisar Asif , Sherazi Sonia
Published: July 2019

Aqueous pollution due to textile industry is an important issue. Photocatalysis is one of the methods used for eradication of dyes from textile industrial effluents. In this study, the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of photo catalytic activity of Ag-TiO2 is reported. TiO2 catalysts with 2, 4, 6 and 8% loading of Ag were prepared by green methods using Azadirachta indica leaves extract as reducing agent with titanium dioxide and silver nitrate as precursor materials. Prepared catalyst was characterized by advanced techniques and was used as catalyst for degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes. Deposition of Ag greatly enhanced the catalytic efficiency of TiO2 towards degradation of dyes. Irradiation of catalyst excites electrons from conduction band of catalyst to valence band yielding an electron-hole pair. This electron-hole pair undergoes secondary reactions and produce OH∙ radicals. These active radicals take part in degradation of dyes. More than 90% dyes were degraded in 120 min. Photo catalytic degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B followed Eley-Rideal mechanism which states that dye react in fluid phase with adsorbed oxygen.
Interleukin-6 in pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Yuan Shi-Min
Published: July 2019

Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine, playing an important role in various pathological conditions, such as inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. The casual relationship between IL-6 levels and development of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been elusive. Based on comprehensive retrieval of pertinent literature of recent two decades, this article aims to give an overview of the impact of IL-6 on PAH development in view of both clinical and experimental aspects. Results showed that IL-6 was overexpressed in all types of PAH in both human and animal models. The elevated IL-6 levels were closely related to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and predicted poor prognosis and mortality of PAH patients. Several IL-6-regulated signaling pathways including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway are involved in PAH development. IL-6 antagonizing agents are effective in ameliorating the symptoms and improving the RV function of PAH patients.
Effect of diode laser application on root surface carbon, calcium and phosphorus levels: A SEM-EDX study
Authors: YAPRAK Emre
Published: July 2019

Background:Preservation of the organic ingredients on the
root surfaces during the periodontal therapy has been emphasized in the
literature. SEM-EDX analysis is an accepted approach to evaluate organic and
inorganic components on investigated samples in terms of carbon, calcium and
phosphor levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diode
laser application with periodontal pocket decontamination energy setting to the
organic content of intact root surfaces via SEM-EDX analysis.Methods: Each proximal root surfaces of the root surfaces
of 10 teeth which were extracted due to orthodontic reasons were divided as
test (n=20) and control (n=20) sites. Diode laser (810 nm) applications were done
to the test sites of root surfaces. All specimens were analyzed using SEM-EDX
with respect to carbon, calcium and phosphor levels.Results:Diode laser applied root surfaces exhibit significantly
lower carbon levels comparing with control sites. Additionally, increased
calcium and phosphor levels were detected in the test sites.Conclusions:Within the limitations of this study, it can be
concluded that, diode laser applications may alter organic content of intact root
surface. Further studies are required to elucidate potential effects of diode
laser application to specific protein components on the root surfaces.Keywords: Diode laser, root surface, SEM-EDX, element
levels
VIOLENCIA SOCIOPOLÍTICA CONTRA LÍDERES SOCIALES Y DEFENSORES DE DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL POSTCONFLICTO: DIFICULTADES Y RETOS PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UNA PAZ ESTABLE Y DURADERA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Nocua Caro Diana
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo aborda la reflexión acerca de las dificultades y los retos que se evidencian frente a la construcción de la paz territorial en Colombia, ante la creciente violencia sociopolítica contra líderes sociales y defensores de derechos humanos, en el periodo posterior a la firma del acuerdo de paz suscrito entre las Farc y el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos. Para ello, se abordan algunos de los factores  que dan cuenta de la sistematicidad en la comisión de estos hechos,  a partir del análisis de  las dinámicas de los poderes locales que contribuyen a la criminalidad y la vulneración de los derechos de quienes realizan el ejercicio de defensa de estos;  para, posteriormente, dar lugar a la reflexión sobre  la creciente polarización política y social que promueve,  a partir de la incitación al  odio y la persecución contra los contradictores políticos,  el uso de la violencia y la permanencia de prácticas institucionales e irregulares ligadas a la doctrina del “enemigo interno”.
Derivation of a 130 year run-off record from sluice records for the Loch Leven catchment, south-east Scotland
Authors: Sargent  , Ledger D. C.
Published: July 2019

This Paper presents the results of an analysis of sluice records of the outlet of Loch Leven in Fife, Scotland, to derive a run-off record from 1855. The sluices, their mode of operation and the data available for them are described, and an account is given of the work undertaken to calibrate them. The monthly and yearly run-off record derived from this calibration, which is believed to be the longest such record in Britain, is presented, and its accuracy and significance are discussed in the context of the even longer Edinburgh rainfall record.
Tache_Mulugeta_OT2OD024899_Colon tissue electrical stimulation and colonic motility measurements v1
Authors: Larauche Muriel
Published: July 2019

This protocol describes a process for the measurement of acute electrical stimulation-induced effects on colonic motility in anesthetized young adult Yucatan minipigs. Signals recorded from manometry probes inserted into the proximal, transverse and distal colonic regions were used to measure the effect of stimulation by serosally placed electrodes opposed to the colonic tissue at multiple sites in an acute anesthetized preparation. The effect of stimulation was quantified as motility index assessments before, during and after stimulation, and the data was used to create a functional map of colonic motor response to localized colon stimulation.
VALUE TARI SIGALE-GALE DALAM MENINGKATKAN WISATA BUDAYA DI DESA TOMOK KABUPATEN SAMOSIR
Authors: Andriani Rian , Brahmanto Erlangga , Purba Beatrix C.C Simamora
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKTari Sigale-gale merupakan tarian sebuah patung kayu yang digerakkan oleh manusia dengan diiringi alunan musik khas Batak. Tari Sigale-gale sempat menjadi icon pada acara Festival Danau Toba tahun 2013. Adanya pergeseran nilai tari Sigale-gale dikarenakan perubahan cara penyuguhan tari Sigale-gale tersebut dengan memutar kaset yang sebelumnya selalu diiringi alunan alat-alat musik khas Batak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui esensi dan nilai yang terkandung dari tari Sigale-gale dalam meningkatkan wisata budaya di Desa Tomok Kabupaten Samosir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Tari Sigale-gale merupakan suatu pertunjukan yang menceritakan tradisi suku Batak Toba pada zaman dahulu. Prosesinya sejak dahulu hingga kini tidak mengalami perubahan namun cara menampilkannya yang berubah. Kesimpulan dari  penelitian ini adalah bahwa nilai tari Sigale-gale perlu dipertahankan dengan mengembalikan cara menampilkan pertunjukannya seperti sedia kala dan menghadirkan penari yang handal dalam menarik wisatawan untuk manortor (menari). Kata Kunci: Value, Tari Sigale-gale, Wisata Budaya  VALUE OF SIGALE-GALE DANCE TO INCREASE CULTURE TOURISM IN TOMOK VILLAGE, SAMOSIR DISTRICT ABSTRACTTari Sigale-gale is a dance of a wooden statue that is driven by humans accompanied by typical Batak music. Sigale-gale dance had become an icon in the 2013 Lake Toba Festival. The shift in the value of Sigale-gale dance was due to changes in the way the Sigale-gale dance was presented by playing tapes which were always accompanied by strains of Batak musical instruments. The purpose of this study was to determine the essence and value contained in Sigale-gale dance in enhancing cultural tourism in Tomok Village, Samosir Regency. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this study state that Sigale-gale Dance is a performance that tells the traditions of the Batak Toba tribe in ancient times. The procession has not changed until now but the way it is displayed changes. The conclusion of this study is that the value of Sigale-gale dance needs to be maintained by returning the way to show the show as usual and presenting dancers who are reliable in attracting tourists to dance. Keywords: Value, Sigale-Gale Dance, Culture Tourism
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT AKETAJAWE LOLOBATA NASIONAL PARK
Authors: Cahyadi Hery Sigit , Budisetyorini Beta , Permana Odang
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKKeterlibatan masyarakat merupakan elemen penting dalam pengembangan pariwisata, terutama di kawasan lindung. Konflik sering terjadi di dalam taman nasional karena perbedaan kepentingan. Masyarakat lokal berasumsi bahwa mereka telah hidup di taman nasional selama beberapa generasi, sementara pihak taman nasional beerasumsi bahwa mereka memiliki kewajiban untuk memiliki sumber daya di dalam taman nasional. Keberadaan taman nasional sebagai objek wisata memungkinkan mereka untuk saling bekerja sama dengan cara yang saling menguntungkan. Jadi sangat penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana keterlibatan masyarakat yang terkandung di dalam taman nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan wawancara dilakukan untuk manajemen taman nasional dan masyarakat lokal di dalam taman nasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana taman nasional yang melibatkan masyarakat asli di dalamnya dan bagaimana mereka berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan pariwisata di dalam taman nasional. Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Aketajawe, Keterlibatan Masyarakat  COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT AKETAJAWE LOLOBATA NASIONAL PARK ABSTRACTCommunity involvemet is an important element in tourism development, especially in protected area. Conflicts often occur within national parks because of differences in interests. Local communities assume that they have lived in national parks for generations while national parks assume that they have the duty to have resources within the national park. The existence of a national park as a tourist attraction makes it possible for them to cooperate with each other in a mutually beneficial manner. So it is very important to know how the involvement of the community contained within the national park. This research used a qualitative research method and interview was conducted to both national park management and local community inside the park. The aim of this research are to find out how national park involving the indigenous community inside the national park and how they participated in tourism development inside the park. Keywords: Aketajawe Lolobata National Parks, Community Involvement
Estimación de costos del ciclo de vida para la estabilización de vías terciarias en Colombia con subproductos industriales
Authors: Martínez-Murillo Laura Isabel , Olaya-Morales Yris
Published: July 2019

Low serviceability of rural road networks in Colombia hinders economic development, and especially rural development. Municipalities have budget constraints, so it is important to develop low cost techniques for preventive and corrective maintenance of rural roads. Stabilization of rural roads using industrial by-products is an alternative to improve road conditions and to prevent negative impacts from sediment production. This paper presents a case study in which three non-commercial materials produced from industrial waste are used for stabilizing a road section in Urrao, Antioquia. Stabilization costs are compared for the three alternatives by adapting the life cycle cost analysis to the information available. In addition, assessed costs consider geographic and technical factors, as well as availability of residues. It is found that stabilization costs are highly sensitive to waste availability and location, to processed volumes and to transportation costs.