bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of interglacial Greenland temperature and δ18O: ice core data, orbital and increased CO2 climate simulations
Authors: Masson-Delmotte V. , Braconnot P. , Hoffmann G. , Jouzel J. , Kageyama M. , Landais A. , Lejeune Q. , Risi C. , Sime L. , Sjolte J. , Swingedouw D. , Vinther B.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. The sensitivity of interglacial Greenland temperature to orbital and CO2 forcing is investigated using the NorthGRIP ice core data and coupled ocean-atmosphere IPSL-CM4 model simulations. These simulations were conducted in response to different interglacial orbital configurations, and to increased CO2 concentrations. These different forcings cause very distinct simulated seasonal and latitudinal temperature and water cycle changes, limiting the analogies between the last interglacial and future climate. However, the IPSL-CM4 model shows similar magnitudes of Arctic summer warming and climate feedbacks in response to 2 × CO2 and orbital forcing of the last interglacial period (126 000 years ago). The IPSL-CM4 model produces a remarkably linear relationship between TOA incoming summer solar radiation and simulated changes in summer and annual mean central Greenland temperature. This contrasts with the stable isotope record from the Greenland ice cores, showing a multi-millennial lagged response to summer insolation. During the early part of interglacials, the observed lags may be explained by ice sheet-ocean feedbacks linked with changes in ice sheet elevation and the impact of meltwater on ocean circulation, as investigated with sensitivity studies. A quantitative comparison between ice core data and climate simulations requires stability of the stable isotope – temperature relationship to be explored. Atmospheric simulations including water stable isotopes have been conducted with the LMDZiso model under different boundary conditions. This set of simulations allows calculation of a temporal Greenland isotope-temperature slope (0.3–0.4‰ per °C) during warmer-than-present Arctic climates, in response to increased CO2, increased ocean temperature and orbital forcing. This temporal slope appears half as large as the modern spatial gradient and is consistent with other ice core estimates. It may, however, be model-dependent, as indicated by preliminary comparison with other models. This suggests that further simulations and detailed inter-model comparisons are also likely to be of benefit. Comparisons with Greenland ice core stable isotope data reveals that IPSL-CM4/LMDZiso simulations strongly underestimate the amplitude of the ice core signal during the last interglacial, which could reach +8–10 °C at fixed-elevation. While the model-data mismatch may result from missing positive feedbacks (e.g. vegetation), it could also be explained by a reduced elevation of the central Greenland ice sheet surface by 300–400 m.
Scaling and trends of hourly precipitation extremes in two different climate zones – Hong Kong and the Netherlands
Authors: Lenderink G. , Mok H. Y. , Lee T. C. , van Oldenborgh G. J.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Hourly precipitation extremes in very long time series from the Hong Kong Observatory and the Netherlands are investigated. Using the 2 m dew point temperature from 4 h before the rainfall event as a measure of near surface absolute humidity, hourly precipitation extremes closely follow a 14% per degree dependency – a scaling twice as large as following from the Clausius-Clapeyron relation. However, for dew point temperatures above 23 °C no significant dependency on humidity was found. Strikingly, in spite of the large difference in climate, results are almost identical in Hong Kong and the Netherlands for the dew point temperature range where both observational sets have sufficient data. Trends in hourly precipitation extremes show substantial increases over the last century for both De Bilt (the Netherlands) and Hong Kong. For De Bilt, not only the long term trend, but also variations in hourly precipitation extremes on an inter-decadal timescale of 30 yr and longer, can be linked very well to the above scaling; there is a very close resemblance between variations in dew point temperature and precipitation intensity with an inferred dependency of hourly precipitation extremes of 10 to 14% per degree. For Hong Kong there is no connection between variations in humidity and those in precipitation intensity in the wet season, May to September. This is consistent with the found zero-dependency of precipitation intensity on humidity for dew points above 23 °C. Yet, outside the wet season humidity changes do appear to explain the positive trend in hourly precipitation extremes, again following a dependency close to twice the Clausius-Clapeyron relation.
An algorithm for delineating and extracting hillslopes and hillslope width functions from gridded elevation data
Authors: Noel P. , Rousseau A. N. , Paniconi C.
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Subdivision of catchment into appropriate hydrological units is essential to represent rainfall-runoff processes in hydrological modelling. The commonest units used for this purpose are hillslopes (e.g. Fan and Bras, 1998; Troch et al., 2003). Hillslope width functions can therefore be utilised as one-dimensional representation of three-dimensional landscapes by introducing profile curvatures and plan shapes. An algorithm was developed to delineate and extract hillslopes and hillslope width functions by introducing a new approach to calculate an average profile curvature and plan shape. This allows the algorithm to be independent of digital elevation model resolution and to associate hillslopes to nine elementary landscapes according to Dikau (1989). This algortihm was tested on two flat and steep catchments of the province of Quebec, Canada. Results showed great area coverage for hillslope width function over individual hillslopes and entire watershed.
Balloon Angioplasty for Disruption of Tunneled Dialysis Catheter Fibrin Sheath
Authors: Watorek Ewa , Gołebiowski Tomasz , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Garcarek Jerzy , Kurcz Jacek , Bartosik Hanna Augustyniak , Letachowicz Waldemar , Weyde Wacław , Klinger Marian
Published: September 2011

Purpose

Management of failing tunneled hemodialysis catheters, sometimes the only vascular access for hemodialysis, presents a difficult problem. In spite of various techniques having been developed, no consensus has been reached about the preferred technique, associated with the longest catheter patency.

Methods

We report disruption of the fibrin sheath covering dysfunctional tunneled hemodialysis catheter by means of angioplasty, followed by over guidewire catheter exchange.

Results

Following the procedure, the catheter placed in the recovered lumen of the vessel presented correct function.

Conclusions

The described procedure allowed maintenance of vascular access in our patient. Additionally, dilatation of the concomitant central vein stenosis opens an option for another attempt for arteriovenous fistula creation.
Experience of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomies at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Mahrukh , Kasi Pashtoon Murtaza , Baloch Shahnaz Naseer , Afghan Abaseen Khan
Published: September 2011

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of our paper was to determine the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of EPH done at our institution; the largest tertiary care government hospital in the city of Quetta, Pakistan. During the study period there were 12,642 deliveries, out of which 46 women had undergone an EPH, translating into an incidence of ∼4 per 1,000 births. Disturbingly, 82.6% of these patients had received no antenatal care prior to their presentation. There were 4 (8.7%) maternal deaths and 31 (67.4%) perinatal deaths. The commonest indication noted was uterine rupture in 21 (45.7%) cases. Lack of antenatal care is indeed a modifiable factor that needs to be addressed to help reduce maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality not only from emergency hysterectomies but also from all other preventable causes.
Effect of Annealing Atmosphere on the Properties of Electrochemically Deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Thin Films
Authors: Pawar B. S. , Pawar S. M. , Gurav K. V. , Shin S. W. , Lee J. Y. , Kolekar S. S. , Kim J. H.
Published: September 2011

The Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been electrochemically deposited from a weak acidic medium (pH 4.50~5.00) onto Mo- coated and ITO-coated glass substrate by using single-step electrodeposition method. Trisodium citrate was used as a complexing agent. The effect of annealing atmospheres such as Ar, N2, N2+H2S on the structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of CZTS thin films has been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and optical absorption techniques, respectively. XRD studies reveal that the as-deposited CZTS film is amorphous in nature. Upon annealing in different atmospheres, a relatively more intense and sharper diffraction peaks (112), (200), (220), and (312) of kesterite crystal structure with uniform and densely packed surface morphology are observed in N2+H2S atmosphere. Absorption study shows that the band gap energy of as-deposited CZTS thin film is 2.8 eV whereas after annealing, it is found to be 1.48, 1.76, and 1.53 eV for Ar, N2, N2+H2S atmospheres.
Novel Cyclization Reactions of Aminoallenes
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro
Published: September 2011

The aminoallene moiety represents an excellent building block for heterocyclization reactions, affording a large number of cyclic structures containing different sized skeletons in a single step. This strategy has been studied under basic and electrophile‐induced conditions. More recently, the use of transition metal catalysis has been introduced as an alternative relying on the activation of the allenic component. This overview focuses on the most recently developed cyclizations of aminoallenes along with remarkable early works accounting for the mechanism, as well as for the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the cyclizations.
Genetic and environmental influences on growth from late childhood to adulthood: A longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts
Authors: Jelenkovic Aline , Ortega‐Alonso Alfredo , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Rebato Esther , Silventoinen Karri
Published: September 2011

Objectives: Human growth is a complex process that remains insufficiently understood. We aimed to analyze genetic and environmental influences on growth from late childhood to early adulthood.

Methods: Two cohorts of monozygotic and dizygotic (same sex and opposite sex) Finnish twin pairs were studied longitudinally using self‐reported height at 11–12, 14, and 17 years and adult age (FinnTwin12) and at 16, 17, and 18years and adult age (FinnTwin16). Univariate and multivariate variance component models for twin data were used.

Results: From childhood to adulthood, genetic differences explained 72–81% of the variation of height in boys and 65–86% in girls. Environmental factors common to co‐twins explained 5–23% of the variation of height, with the residual variation explained by environmental factors unique to each twin individual. Common environmental factors affecting height were highly correlated between the analyzed ages (0.72–0.99 and 0.91–1.00 for boys and girls, respectively). Genetic (0.58–0.99 and 0.70–0.99, respectively) and unique environmental factors (0.32–0.78 and 0.54–0.82, respectively) affecting height at different ages were more weakly, but still substantially, correlated.

Conclusions: The genetic contribution to height is strong during adolescence. The high genetic correlations detected across the ages encourage further efforts to identify genes affecting growth. Common and unique environmental factors affecting height during adolescence are also important, and further studies are necessary to identify their nature and test whether they interact with genetic factors. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute respiratory effects in firefighters
Authors: Greven Frans E. , Krop Esmeralda J. , Spithoven Jack J. , Burger Nena , Rooyackers Jos M. , Kerstjens Huib A. , van der Heide Sicco , Heederik Dick J.
Published: September 2011

Background

Associations between acute respiratory inflammatory responses, changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, serum pneumoprotein levels, and exposure to fire smoke were studied.

Methods

The study comprised 51 firefighters. Blood samples were taken within 24 hr following exposure to fire smoke, and after a week and 3 months. Sputum was induced within 5 days post‐exposure and subjects underwent spirometry and methacholine provocation one week post‐exposure. Exposure was registered by a questionnaire.

Results

No changes were observed following smoke exposure in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and serum pneumoprotein levels. Nevertheless, in a sizable proportion of the firefighters (44%) elevated sputum neutrophil levels (≥60%) were found. Serum IL‐8 concentrations were higher 24 hr post‐exposure compared to pre‐exposure. Elevated neutrophil levels in sputum were associated with elevated serum IL‐8 (β = 0.010, P = 0.004) and TNFα (β = 0.005, P = 0.034) levels within 24 hr post‐exposure and IL‐8 elevation lasted up to 3 months.

Conclusions

Acute exposure to fire smoke induces acute neutrophilic airway and long‐lasting systemic inflammation in healthy firefighters in the absence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:54–62, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjugated Macrocycles: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Yamakawa Jun , Rahman M. Jalilur
Published: September 2011

One of the most important objectives in materials, chemical, and physical sciences is the creation of large conjugated macrocycles with well‐defined shapes, since such molecules are not only theoretically and experimentally interesting but also have potential applications in nanotechnology. Fully unsaturated macrocycles are regarded as models for infinitely conjugated π systems with inner cavities, and exhibit unusual optical and magnetic behavior. Macrocycles have interior and exterior sites, and site‐specific substitution at both or either site can afford attractive structures, such as 1D, 2D, and 3D supramolecular nanostructures. These nanostructures could be controlled through the use of π‐extended large macrocycles by a bottom‐up strategy. Numerous shape‐persistent π‐conjugated macrocycles have been synthesized, but only a few are on the nanoscale. This Review focuses on nanosized π‐conjugated macrocycles (>1 nm diameter) and giant macrocycles (>2 nm diameter), and summarizes their syntheses and properties.
The Measurement and Analysis of Depth in Archaeological Geophysics: Tests at the Biesterfeldt Site, USA
Authors: Dalan Rinita A. , Bevan Bruce W. , Goodman Dean , Lynch Dan , De Vore Steven , Adamek Steve , Martin Travis , Holley George , Michlovic Michael
Published: September 2011

Information on depth may be gained through the analysis of geophysical maps, by utilizing soundings, pseudosections, or time‐slices, or via the application of downhole measurements. Various methods and techniques were compared at the Biesterfeldt site, a proto‐historic earth‐lodge village in the Northern Plains, USA. Both traditional and more experimental approaches were used, including ground‐penetrating radar time slices and overlay analyses, a resistivity pseudosection, two‐ and three‐dimensional magnetic and resistivity modelling, and downhole tests of magnetic susceptibility, magnetic viscosity, total magnetic field, capacitance and resistivity. A direct‐push colour system, measuring the reflection of light over the red–green–blue (RGB) and near‐infrared spectrum, provided another useful tool for mapping the depths of archaeological features and stratigraphic layers.

Early historic maps of the site show more than 60 earth lodges and an encircling ditch. Current management efforts aim not only to georeference and evaluate the accuracy of these maps, but to determine the state of preservation of the archaeological features. These efforts are complicated by historic cultivation of the southern half of the site. Geophysical tests focused on depth yielded locations and depths for several lodges and the filled ditch as well as small and thin features and layers within them. A buried soil was also identified. Down‐hole geophysical and direct‐push color techniques were particularly helpful for mapping lodges in the plowed portion of the site. These results were confirmed through excavation. Adding geophysical tests focused on depth at Biesterfeldt provided information useful for understanding feature formation, context, and post‐depositional processes, and for designing effective at‐surface geophysical surveys, planning excavations and site management. These tests highlight the advantages of integrating techniques focused on depth with geophysical area surveys. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Zinc‐Catalyzed Dehydration of Primary Amides to Nitriles
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: September 2011

In the present study, the zinc‐catalyzed dehydration of a variety of amides with N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) as a dehydration reagent into the corresponding nitriles has been examined in detail. With the straightforward and commercially available zinc(II)triflate as the precatalyst and MSTFA, an excellent system has been established to afford nitriles in excellent yields and chemoselectivities. After investigation of reaction conditions and the scope and limitations, several efforts were carried out to understand the reaction mechanism.
Influence of traffic variations on exposure to wireless signals in realistic environments
Authors: Mahfouz Zaher , Gati Azeddine , Lautru David , Wong Man‐Fai , Wiart Joe , Hanna Victor Fouad
Published: September 2011

In this article, the general public daily exposure to broadcast signals and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile telephone signals in indoor areas is investigated. Temporal variations and traffic distributions during a day at different indoor sites in urban and rural zones are presented. The goal is to analyze the real exposure compared to the maximum assessment imposed by radio protection standards and to characterize the ratio between daily and maximum theoretical values. Hence, a realistic maximum is proposed based on the statistical analysis performed using measurements. Broadcast signals remain constant over the day so they are best fitted with a Normal distribution while the mobile telephone signals depend on the traffic demand during the day so they fit a three‐Gaussian distribution model. A general mask is also constructed for underlining the maximum equivalent active traffic for different periods in the day. Also, relations between the mean values over 24 h, the realistic maximal values (at 99%) and the maximal theoretical values are presented. The realistic maximum is also presented with a sliding time average of 6 min applied to the measurements in accordance with international standards. An extrapolation factor is given for the different systems to easily assess the maximum values starting from an instantaneous measurement. The extrapolation factor is also given for a broadband measurement to estimate the maximum potential exposure during the day. Bioelectromagnetics 33:288–297, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heteromeric Assembled Polypeptidic Artificial Hydrolases with a Six‐Helical Bundle Scaffold
Authors: Bai Yu , Ling Yanbo , Shi Weiguo , Cai Lifeng , Jia Qiyan , Jiang Shibo , Liu Keliang
Published: September 2011

Enzyme efficiency results from the cooperation of functional groups in the catalytic site. In order to mimic a natural enzyme, a definite 3D scaffold must be carefully designed so that the functional groups can work cooperatively. During the HIV‐1 fusion process, the gp41 N‐ and C‐terminal heptad repeat regions form a coiled‐coil six‐helical bundle (6HB) that brings the viral and target cell membranes into close proximity for fusion. We used 6HB as the molecular model for a novel scaffold for the design of an artificial enzyme, in which the modified C34 and N36 peptides formed a unique 6HB structure through specific molecular recognition, and the position and orientation of the side‐chain groups on this scaffold were predictable. The histidine modified 6HB C34H13/20/N36H15/22 showed enzyme‐like hydrolytic activity towards p‐nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA; kcat/KM=3.66 M−1 s−1) through the cooperation of several inter‐ or intrahelical imidazole groups. Since the catalytic activity of 6HB depends on the C‐ and N‐peptide assembly, either HIV fusion inhibitors that can compete with the formation of catalytic 6HB or denaturants that can destroy the ordered structure were able to modulate its activity. Further engineering of the solvent‐exposing face with Glu−‐Lys+ salt bridges enhanced the helicity and the stability of 6HB. As a result, the population and stability of cooperative catalytic units increased. In addition, the Glu−‐Lys+‐stabilized 6HB SC35H13/20/N36H15/22 had increased catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM=6.30 M−1 s−1). A unique 6HB system was specifically assembled and provided a scaffold sufficiently stable to mimic the function of enzymes or other biomolecules.
Cell Targeting with Hybrid Qβ Virus‐Like Particles Displaying Epidermal Growth Factor
Authors: Pokorski Jonathan K. , Hovlid Marisa L. , Finn M. G.
Published: September 2011

Structurally uniform protein nanoparticles derived from the self‐assembly of viral capsid proteins are attractive platforms for the multivalent display of cell‐targeting motifs for use in nanomedicine. Virus‐based nanoparticles are of particular interest because the scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting groups and carry a functional payload. Here, we displayed the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the exterior surface of bacteriophage Qβ as a C‐terminal genetic fusion to the Qβ capsid protein. The co‐assembly of wild‐type Qβ and EGF‐modified subunits resulted in structurally homogeneous nanoparticles displaying between 5 and 12 copies of EGF on their exterior surface. The particles were found to be amenable to bioconjugation by standard methods as well as the high‐fidelity copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). Such chemical derivatization did not impair the ability of the particles to specifically interact with the EGF receptor. Additionally, the particle‐displayed EGF remained biologically active promoting autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor and apoptosis of A431 cells. These results suggest that hybrid Qβ‐EGF nanoparticles could be useful vehicles for targeted delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Li7PS6 and Li6PS5X (X: Cl, Br, I): Possible Three‐Dimensional Diffusion Pathways for Lithium Ions and Temperature Dependence of the Ionic Conductivity by Impedance Measurements.
Authors: Deiseroth Hans‐Joerg , Maier Joachim , Weichert Katja , Nickel Vera , Kong Shiao‐Tong , Reiner Christof
Published: September 2011

The specific Li‐ionic conductivities of the title compounds and their temperature dependences are measured by impedance spectroscopy using different electron‐blocking and ion‐blocking electrode systems between 160 and 550 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2SexTe3‐x Prepared by Bridgman Method.
Authors: Keawprak N. , Lao‐ubol S. , Eamchotchawalit C. , Sun Z. M.
Published: September 2011

The effect of the Se content in Bi2SexTe3‐x (x = 0.12—0.60), obtained from the elements by the Bridgman method (973 K, 7 h), on the thermoelectric properties is determined by electrical and thermal measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Phase Chemical Route to Branched Single‐Crystalline CdS Nanoarchitectures and Their Field Emission Property.
Authors: Ge Ting , Kuai Long , Geng Baoyou
Published: September 2011

Branched CdS nanostructures with high yield, good uniformity, and excellent crystallinity are hydrothermally prepared from H2O/EtOH (2:1) solutions containing CdSO4, Na2S2O4, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization and Photoluminescent Properties of (La1‐xSmx)2Ti2O7 Solid Solutions Synthesized by a Sol—Gel Route.
Authors: Shao Zhenmian , Saitzek Sebastien , Blach Jean‐Francois , Sayede Adlane , Roussel Pascal , Desfeux Rachel
Published: September 2011

The title compounds (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) are synthesized by the sol—gel method from solutions of Ti(OiPr)4 in a mixture of acetylacetone and 2‐methoxyethanol and La(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 in 2‐methoxyethanol (40 °C, 3 h) followed by calcination of the obtained gels at 700 °C for 6 h.
ChemInform Abstract: A Precursor Route to Synthesize Mesoporous γ‐MnO2 Microcrystals and Their Applications in Lithium Battery and Water Treatment.
Authors: Li Jingfa , Xi Baojuan , Zhu Yongchun , Li Qianwen , Yan Yan , Qian Yitai
Published: September 2011

MnCO3 microplates and microspheres are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions of MnCl2, urea, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or dodecyl sulfonic acid sodium, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Pericyclic Route to Polysubstituted Salicylic Acid Derivatives: Four Sequential Processes from Enynones and Ketene Silyl Acetals.
Authors: Hamura Toshiyuki , Iwata Shin , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: September 2011

Alkenyl alkynyl ketones (I), (VI), (VIII), and (X) and ketene silyl acetals (II) and (IV) undergo regioselective [2 + 2]‐cycloaddition under thermal conditions, triggering domino pericyclic reactions en route to various poly‐substituted salicylic acid derivatives, such as (III), (V), (VII), (IX), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Oxidation Using Graphite Oxide.
Authors: Jia Hong‐Peng , Dreyer Daniel R. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: September 2011

Graphite oxide is found to be a useful oxidant for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and oxidation of olefins and diarylmethanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Amines Catalyzed by Polymer‐Incarcerated Au Nanoclusters: Effect of Cluster Size and Cooperative Functional Groups in the Polymer.
Authors: Miyamura Hiroyuki , Morita Masataka , Inasaki Takeshi , Kobayashi Shu
Published: September 2011

Polymer‐incarcerated gold catalysts with different size of clusters are prepared and tested in aerobic oxidation reactions of a variety of amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Halide to π‐Bond Directly from Aqueous NaX Solution: A General Strategy for Installation of Two Different Functional Groups.
Authors: Pandit Palash , Gayen Krishnanka S. , Khamarui Saikat , Chatterjee Nirbhik , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: September 2011

Activation of π‐bonds with organic Lewis acid and cationic surfactant mediates direct transfer of halides to alkynes (I) and alkenes (III), (V), (VII) and (IX) and affords α,α‐dihaloketones (II) and 1,2‐halohydrins (IV), (VI), (VIII) and (X), resp., with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Efficient, General and Facile Iododecarboxylation Method with Biodegradable Co‐Products.
Authors: Kulbitski Kseniya , Nisnevich Gennady , Gandelman Mark
Published: September 2011

Commercially available 1,3‐diiodo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin is used both as reaction initiator and iodine source under irradiative conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cooperative Participation of the Amido Group in the Organocatalytic Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Michael Addition with β‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Sanchez Duque Maria del Mar , Basle Olivier , Isambert Nicolas , Gaudel‐Siri Anouk , Genisson Yves , Plaquevent Jean‐Christophe , Rodriguez Jean , Constantieux Thierry
Published: September 2011

The novel organocatalytic reaction of cyclic α‐substituted β‐ketoamides to methyl‐ or ethylvinylketone proceeds with high yields and enantioselectivities to afford the products bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed, α‐Selective, Allylic Alkylation Reactions Between Phosphorothioate Esters and Organomagnesium Reagents.
Authors: Lauer Andrew M. , Mahmud Farzeen , Wu Jimmy
Published: September 2011

The highly regioselective process can be extended to the reaction of allylic chlorides such as (VII) using sodium diethylphosphorothioate as a stoichiometric additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of Protected Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Wang Hongshe , Zhao Weixing
Published: September 2011

The title compounds (IV) are obtained in a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of various aldehydes, benzylcarbamate, and allyltrimethylsilane.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Chiral Diamine‐Polyoxometalate (POM) Acids Catalyzed Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with Long‐Chain Aliphatic Ketones.
Authors: Gao Qiang , Lu Sheng‐Mei , Liu Yan , Li Can
Published: September 2011

Among various salts of L‐proline tested, DPM is described as a useful catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasounds‐Assisted Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Acetophenone Derivatives in Heterogeneous Catalysis.
Authors: Zbancioc Gheorghita N. , Zbancioc Ana Maria V. , Mantu Dorina , Miron Anca , Tanase Catalin , Mangalagiu Ionel I.
Published: September 2011

Ultrasound‐assisted bromination of acetophenones is a fast, facile, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of highly functionalized acetophenone derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl‐Monofluorination of Ibuprofen Selectively Increases Its Inhibitory Activity Toward Cyclooxygenase‐1 Leading to Enhanced Analgesic Activity and Reduced Gastric Damage in vivo.
Authors: Su Hong , Xie Yuli , Liu Wen‐Bo , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2011

A practical route for the asymmetric large‐scale synthesis of methyl‐monofluorinated ibuprofen (V) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of Aryl and Heteroaryl Methylketones to the Corresponding Secondary or Tertiary Amides.
Authors: Ding Jiaoyang , Cao Liping , Wang Jungang , Xue Weijian , Zhu Yanping , Wu Anxin
Published: September 2011

An efficient method for the preparation of amides via a tandem Liebe/Haller—Bauer reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Rapid and Solvent‐Free Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by SbCl3.
Authors: Pourmousavi S. A. , Salahshornia H.
Published: September 2011

The mild synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) includes a simple and easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzils from Aryl Bromides: Vinylene Carbonate as a Synthetic Equivalent of Glyoxal.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Park Bo Ram , Lim Jin Woo , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: September 2011

Sequential diarylation of vinylene carbonate followed by ring opening to benzoin derivatives and oxidation provides symmetrical benzils (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Oxidative Polycyclization Process Mediated by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent.
Authors: Desjardins Samuel , Andrez Jean‐Christophe , Canesi Sylvain
Published: September 2011

The reaction allows a one‐step preparation of bi‐ and tricyclic scaffolds, often present in natural compounds, with complete stereocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Procedure to 2,8‐Diaminoindeno[1,2‐b]fluorene as a Blue Light Emitting Material.
Authors: Pham Van Chung , Huh Geun , Kim Jungahn , Choo Dong Joon , Lee Jae Yeol
Published: September 2011

Two synthetic routes to the title compound (V) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of trans‐N‐Alkylaziridine‐2‐carboxylates from Amino Alcohol Esters.
Authors: Kaabi Amani , Elemine Brahim Ould , Besbes Rafaa
Published: September 2011

Several novel N‐alkylaziridine‐2‐carboxylates are prepared by one‐pot conversion of substituted 1,2‐amino alcohols using ‐O‐Mes as suitable leaving group in the presence of Huenig′s base.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Transformations to Access Polycyclic Chemotypes: Asymmetric Crotylation and Metal Carbenoid Reactions.
Authors: Wu Jie , Becerril Jorge , Lian Yajing , Davies Huw M. L. , Porco John A. Jr. , Panek James S.
Published: September 2011

The utility of a sequence consisting of organosilane‐based carbonylation followed by Rh(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric carbenoid transformation is demonstrated for the synthesis of different types of polycyclic heterocyclic frameworks such as (XI)‐(XIV),.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxyarylation of Dihydronaphthalene and Chromenes by o‐Iodophenols and Its Acetates.
Authors: Leao Raquel A. C. , Pinho Vagner D. , Coelho Artur S. , Buarque Camilla D. , Moraes Paula F. , Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R.
Published: September 2011

The best yields are obtained for reactions of electron‐rich olefins (I) and (IV) with iodophenols substituted by electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Oxidative Cyclization of Substituted N‐Aryl Enamines: Pd‐Catalyzed Formation of Indoles from Anilines.
Authors: Neumann Julia J. , Rakshit Souvik , Droege Thomas , Wuertz Sebastian , Glorius Frank
Published: September 2011

In this cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, many functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Mechanistic Pathway for the Synthesis of Novel Spiro‐oxindoles via 3‐Phenyl‐5‐isoxazolone Ring Cleavage by Secondary Amino Acids.
Authors: Lakshmi Neelakandan Vidhya , Arun Yuvaraj , Perumal Paramasivam T.
Published: September 2011

The novel method uses a thermal three‐component reaction of isatins, amino acids and 3‐phenyl‐5‐isoxazoline and can be extended to ninhydrin as substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrano[3,4‐b]indoles Catalyzed by Chiral N‐Triflyl Phosphoramide via Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Wei , Cai Quan , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Wei , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2011

The methodology allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of tricyclic indole structures.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst Animal Bone Meal for Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzothiazoles.
Authors: Riadi Yassin , Mamouni Rachid , Azzalou Rachid , El Haddad Mohammadine , Routier Sylvain , Guillaumet Gerald , Lazar Said
Published: September 2011

Optimized conditions are developed for the title reaction including animal bone meal and CuBr2.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyclization Reactions of N‐Benzoyl‐α‐dehydroarylalanine Alkyl Esters via Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Achiral and Chiral Amines.
Authors: Sasaki Yuji , Watanabe Haruo , Igarashi Tetsutaro , Sakurai Tadamitsu
Published: September 2011

The photoinduced cyclization of chiral auxiliary‐substituted (Z)‐enamides (I) gives the diastereomeric forms of the cis‐ (II)/(III) and trans‐configured (IV)/(V) oxazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I) Oxide and Benzoic Acid “On Water”: A Highly Practical and Efficient Catalytic System for Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition.
Authors: Shao Changwei , Zhu Rui , Luo Sheng , Zhang Qun , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei
Published: September 2011

Pre‐prepared copper(I) carboxylates are not necessary for the process, since they can be replaced by a combination of cheap, stable Cu2O and carboxylic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Temperature on Triazole and Bistriazole Formation Through Copper‐Catalyzed Alkyne—Azide Cycloaddition.
Authors: Gonzalez Jaime , Perez Victor M. , Jimenez David O. , Lopez‐Valdez German , Corona David , Cuevas‐Yanez Erick
Published: September 2011

The reaction gives the expected triazoles in the presence of catalytic amounts of NaOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hexahydro[2]benzopyrano[3,4‐c]pyrroles as Serotonin 5‐HT2C Receptor Agonists via Intramolecular Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Kiyoi Takao , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Intermolecular hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction of the dienes derived by electrocyclic ring‐opening of the benzocyclobutanes (I) gives diastereomeric mixtures of benzopyranopyrroles of type (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hexahydro[2]benzopyrano[4,3‐c]pyridines as Serotonin 5‐HT2C Receptor Agonists via Intramolecular Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Kiyoi Yasuko , Laats Steven , Kiyoi Takao , Wishart Grant , Brown Angus , Ray Peter
Published: September 2011

The title skeleton (II)/(III) is prepared in analogy to the pyrrole systems in the preceding paper.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 4‐Acetyl‐coumarins, ‐thiocoumarins and ‐quinolin‐2(1H)‐one via Very High α‐Regioselective Heck Coupling on Tosylates.
Authors: Valente Sergio , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: September 2011

The interesting approach includes Pd‐catalyzed Heck coupling of the tosylates with ether (II) followed by acidic rearrangement of the resulting vinyl ether intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Orally Active Aminopyridines as Inhibitors of Tetrameric Fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase.
Authors: Kitas Eric , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

Aminopyridines exhibiting high aqueous solubility, PAMPA permeability, and good efficacy in primary hepatocytes are synthesized by using a general and straightforward approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamines in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Novel Simple and Efficient Route to Condensed Pyridazines.
Authors: Darwish Elham S. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. , Salaheldin Abdellatif M.
Published: September 2011

In situ generated 1‐(diethoxymethyl)piperidine is shown to be a useful reagent to replace the expensive, highly volatile and toxic N,N‐dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal for converting active methylene compounds into enamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthones in Heterocyclic Synthesis. An Efficient and General Route for the Synthesis of Regioselectively Substituted Phthalazines.
Authors: Gardikis Yiannis , Tsoungas Petros G. , Potamitis Constantinos , Pairas George , Zervou Maria , Cordopatis Paul
Published: September 2011

Diaryl diketones such as (I) derived from substituted xanthenes can easily be converted to the corresponding phthalazines on treatment with hydrazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 3,6‐Bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐R‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazines with Indole and 1,3,3‐Trimethyl‐2‐methyleneindoline.
Authors: Ishmetova Rashida I. , Ignatenko Nina K. , Ganebnykh Ilya N. , Tolshchina Svetlana G. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Rusinov Gennady L.
Published: September 2011

Tetrazine derivatives (I) undergo a [4 + 2]‐cycloaddition with indole (II) and methylene indoline (IV) to give pyridazine derivatives (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Conformationally Flexible as well as Restricted Dimers of Monastrol and Related Dihydropyrimidones.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Malik M. Shaheer , Bajee Shaik , Azeeza Shaik , Faazil Shaikh , Ramakrishna Sistla , Naidu V. G. M. , Vishnuwardhan M. V. P. S.
Published: September 2011

The one‐pot Biginelli multi‐component cyclocondensation reaction affords dimers of monastrol and related dihydropyrimidones with flexible alkyl chain spacers of varying length and conformationally restricted spacers with unsaturation.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activity, of New 1,4‐Disubstituted Octahydroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Hussein Mostafa A.
Published: September 2011

The compounds (V) are tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Involving Cyclopropenes: Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Heterocyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Miege Frederic , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine
Published: September 2011

The methodology provides access to functionalized carbocyclic or heterocyclic scaffolds fused to an aromatic ring.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Selective Nucleophilic Addition of Primary Amines to Silylbenzynes: Synthesis of 2‐Silylanilines.
Authors: Akai Shuji , et al. et al.
Published: September 2011

In general, moderate ortho‐selectivity is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonate‐Free Phosphorylation of Alcohols Using Bis‐(tert‐butyl) Phosphoramidite with Imidazole Hydrochloride and Imidazole as the Activator.
Authors: Hache Bruno , Brett Lisa , Shakya Sagar
Published: September 2011

Under the improved conditions, formation of undesired phosphonate by‐products is suppressed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rongalite‐Promoted Highly Regioselective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxytellurides.
Authors: Sui Dongsheng , Wu Feifei , Xu Qing , Yu Xiaochun
Published: September 2011

The process is efficient with monosubstituted epoxides and cyclic analogue (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: New Red Pigments from Lichen Lethariella sinensis
Authors: Tanaka Ayako , Kinoshita Kaoru , Ichinose Koji , Togawa Tadayasu , Koyama Kiyotaka , Narui Takao , Wang Li‐song , Takahashi Kunio
Published: September 2011

isolation and structural elucidation of rubrosinensiquinones A (I), B (II) and C (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneously Rapid Deprotection of 3‐Acyloxy Groups and Reduction of D‐Ring Ketones (Nitriles) of Steroids Using DIBAL‐H/NiCl2.
Authors: Wang Xingbin , Liu Hui , Yan Peiyun , Liu Jinliang , Li Yan , Sun Qian , Wang Cunde
Published: September 2011

Various hydroxysteroids are efficiently obtained in a rapid one‐pot reaction under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (25R)‐17α‐Hydroxy‐22‐oxocholest‐5‐ene‐3β,16β,26‐triyl Triacetate: A One‐Pot Approach to the Protected Aglycon Analogue of OSW‐1.
Authors: Fernandez‐Herrera Maria A. , Hernandez‐Linares Ma. G. , Guerrero‐Luna Gabriel , Meza‐Reyes Socorro , Montiel‐Smith Sara , Sandoval‐Ramirez Jesus
Published: September 2011

The spirostanic side chain of pennogenin (I) can be quantitatively transformed under mild acidic conditions in a 22‐oxocholestanic framework through a one‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Dye‐Sensitized Photooxygenation of 2,5‐Bis(glycosyl)furans.
Authors: Cermola Flavio , Iesce Maria R. , Astarita Anna , Passananti Monica
Published: September 2011

The dye‐sensitized photooxygenation of the title compounds followed by warming to room temperature provides 1,1′‐linked disaccharides separated by a functionalized spacer.
ChemInform Abstract: Purinium Derivatives with Antitumor Activities from Heterostemma alatum Wight.
Authors: Fu Wen‐Wei , Tan Chang‐Heng , Zhuang Peng‐Yu , Yang Shu‐Min , Luo Hong‐Feng , Tan Jun‐Jie , Liu Ping , Zhu Da‐Yuan
Published: September 2011

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxic activity of a new purinium derivative, heteromine I (I), along with six known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Activity of Constituents from Glechoma hederacea var. longituba.
Authors: Kim Jin‐Pyo , Song Seok‐Bean , Lee Ik‐Soo , Kim Young‐Ho , Yoo Ick‐Dong , Ryoo In‐Ja , Bae Ki‐Hwan
Published: September 2011

Rosmarinic acid, its analogues, and a phenolic compound are isolated from the title plant, including two new compounds (I) and (II) and four known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Sensors for Selective Gas Detection at High Temperatures — Principles and Challenges
Authors: Schulz Michal , Richter Denny , Sauerwald Jan , Fritze Holger
Published: September 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleation and Growth of Epitaxial Silicide in Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Chou Yi‐Chia , Lu Kuo‐Chang , Tu K. N.
Published: September 2011

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of Iron Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis by Electron Spectroscopy Methods
Authors: Arabczyk W. , Moszynski D. , Dluzewska M.
Published: September 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bond Forming Reactions Involving C1 Moieties: Late Versus Early Transition Metal Surfaces
Authors: Shen Min , Guo Hansheng , Zaera Francisco
Published: September 2011

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Transition‐Metal Phosphonates
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Senapati Tapas , Dey Atanu , Hossain Sakiat
Published: September 2011

Review: 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Anticancer Compounds: Myths and Realities of the Emerging Metal‐Based Drugs
Authors: Bergamo Alberta , Sava Gianni
Published: September 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Total Synthesis of the Complex Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Polytheonamide B
Authors: Inoue Masayuki , Matsuoka Shigeru
Published: September 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridine‐ and Pyridinium‐Based Anion Receptors
Authors: Kilah Nathan L. , Beer Paul D.
Published: September 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium‐Based Receptors
Authors: Alcalde Ermitas , Dinares Immaculada , Mesquida Neus
Published: September 2011

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calix[n]phyrins: Synthesis and Anion Recognition
Authors: Dehaen Wim
Published: September 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of MCR‐Derived Heterocycles in Drug Discovery
Authors: Akritopoulou‐Zanze Irini , Djuric Stevan W.
Published: September 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Syntheses of Macrocycles
Authors: Masson Geraldine , Neuville Luc , Bughin Carine , Fayol Aude , Zhu Jieping
Published: September 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazines (Update 2010)
Authors: Zhang J.
Published: September 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Applications of Gold‐Catalyzed Ring Expansions
Authors: Garayalde David , Nevado Cristina
Published: September 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis in Water Mediated by Silyl Radicals
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Nudelman Norma Sbarbati , Postigo Al
Published: September 2011

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino‐, Alkoxy‐, and Alkylthio‐isocyanates and ‐isothiocyanates, RX—NCY, Their Isomers RX—YCN and RX—CNY, and Their Rearrangements
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Finnerty Justin J. , Koch Rainer
Published: September 2011

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Irradiation and Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Bariwal Jitender B. , Trivedi Jalpa C. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: September 2011

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reaction Design Strategies: Towards Scaffold and Stereochemical Diversity
Authors: Scheffelaar Rachel , Ruijter Eelco , Orru Romano V. A.
Published: September 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrones and Cyclic Analogues (Update 2010)
Authors: Merino P.
Published: September 2011

Review: 394 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Use of Sodium Compounds for Bond Formation
Authors: Arai T.
Published: September 2011

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemical and Biological Studies of the Plants from the Genus Daphne
Authors: Xu Wen‐Cheng , Shen Jian‐Gang , Jiang Jian‐Qin
Published: September 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Dictamnus
Authors: Gao Xue , Zhao Pei‐Hua , Hu Jing‐Feng
Published: September 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediated Alteration of Intestinal P‐Glycoprotein under Hyperglycemic Stress
Authors: Nawa Ayaka , Fujita‐Hamabe Wakako , Nakamoto Kazuo , Tokuyama Shogo
Published: September 2011

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐assembled Peptide Nanostructures and Their Controlled Positioning on Surfaces
Authors: Farsari Maria , Mitraki Anna
Published: September 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organized Molecular Systems as Reaction Media
Authors: Rico‐Lattes Isabelle , Perez Emile , Franceschi‐Messant Sophie , Lattes Armand
Published: September 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Sensing Mechanisms for Design of Fluorescent Chemosensors Emerging in Recent Years
Authors: Wu Jiasheng , Liu Weimin , Ge Jiechao , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Pengfei
Published: September 2011

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for “Wiring” Redox‐Active Proteins to Electrodes and Applications in Biosensors, Biofuel Cells, and Nanotechnology
Authors: Noell Tanja , Noell Gilbert
Published: September 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Nanocarriers for Intracellular Protein Delivery
Authors: Gu Zhen , Biswas Anuradha , Zhao Muxun , Tang Yi
Published: September 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flexible Fabrication and Applications of Polymer Nanochannels and Nonoslits
Authors: Chantiwas Rattikan , Park Sunggook , Soper Steven A. , Kim Byoung Choul , Takayama Shuichi , Sunkara Vijaya , Hwang Hyundoo , Cho Yoon‐Kyoung
Published: September 2011

Review: 257 refs.