bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of buckwheat using gene specific markers
Authors: Balážová Želmí­ra , Gálová Zdenka , Vivodí­k Martin , Chňapek Milan , Hornyák Gregáňová Radomí­ra
Published: July 2018

Buckwheat (Fagopyrium esculentum) is a pseudo-cereal which has spread troughout the world and nowadays it represents cultural, economic and nutritionally important pseudocereal. It´s enviromentally friendly, characterized by high fiber, routine, protein and B vitamins, and is general-purpose. The goal of the present study was to analyze 17 genotypes of buckwheat by using 7 SCoT markers. In total, 52 fragments were detected, of which 38 were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic fragments was 5.43. The most polymorphic fragments were detected in SCoT 26 and SCoT 29 markers, and the average percentage of polymorphism was 73.36 %. SCoT 29 reached the highest percentage of polymorphism (87.5 %) and SCoT 36 was lowest (60 %). The DI values ”‹”‹ranged from 0.625 (SCoT 36) to 0.887 (SCoT 26) and the average DI value was 0.749. The average PIC value was 0.729 with PIC values ranging from 0.386 (SCoT 36) to 0.831 (SCoT 26). To determine the genetic diversity of 17 genotypes of the buckwheat, a dendrogram was created using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The genotypes were divided into two major clusters (I and II). Cluster I was divided into three other subgroups. Sixteen genotypes were included in cluster I and the genotype of Madawaska (USA) was genetically the farthest in cluster II. Genetically the closest were the varieties of Ballada (Russia) and Bamby (Austria). Used SCoT markers were sufficiently polymorphic, were able identify and differentiate chosen set of buckwheat genotypes.
Eutanasia: conceptos de la Fundación Colombiana de Ética y Bioética (FUCEB), dirigidos a la corte constitucional (sentencia T-721-17) y al ministerio de salud y protección social (borrador de resolución sobre sentencia T-544-2017 de eutanasia infantil)
Authors: Posada González Nubia Leonor , Riani Llano Nora Helena
Published: July 2018

Últimos conceptos con que FUCEB intenta aportar a la reflexión bioética sobre la eutanasia, para que la toma de decisiones se base en una correlación armónica y más completa de las facultades humanas comprometidas en la gestión inteligente y responsablemente libre de sí mismo y de las relaciones con los demás miembros de la familia humana en un entorno sano y sostenible.
An Investigation of Students, Parents and Teachers’ Satisfaction in Science High Schools in Konya Province in Terms of Some Variabilities
Authors: Sulak Suleyman Alpaslan , Tutuncu Kemal , Koklu Murat
Published: July 2018

Education is the most decisive factor in the success of people in life and work. Today expectations in education have changed. Increases in education levels and facility of ways to access information have differentiated our level of social consciousness. Educational expectations of parents and teachers have also changed. There is now a mass who feign reluctance more and have a higher expectation from the school. Teachers’ expectations of students are also increasing. Researches examining the effects of school variables on student achievement have increased in recent years. Many studies indicate that schools with desirable characteristics have positive effects on student achievement. There are a large number of components that make the school environment come to life. Classroom sizes at schools, school culture, teaching methods used by teachers and professional qualifications are some of them. These components affect the satisfaction levels of teachers and parents working in schools. The aim of this research is to examine the satisfaction of teachers, students and students’ parents in Meram Science High School, Selçuklu Science High School and Karatay Science High School in terms of some variables in Konya province. Satisfaction scale was developed by researchers. Conducting a literatüre survey,the researchers have found that there were 46 questions and 3 open ended questions for the Student Satisfaction Scale, 45 questions in 3 sections including 5 demographic questions, 37 questionnaires and 3 open ended questions for the Parent Satisfaction Scale; For the Teacher Satisfaction Scale, 3 demographic questions, 43 scale questionnaires and 5 open-ended questions,the scales were finalized with 51 questions in 3 sections. When the answers given by the students are examined, the school satisfaction ratings were determined as undecided. When the answers given by the parents were examined, the school satisfaction level was partially determined as agreeing. When the answers given by the teachers were examined, the school satisfaction level was determined as strongly agreeing.
From Islamic Teaching to Social Charity: The Muhammadiyah Movement in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia; 1926-1940
Authors: Shokheh Mukhamad , Ebrahimi Mansoureh , Yusoff Kamaruzaman
Published: July 2018

From the colonial period until present day, Muhammadiyah has slowly emerged as one of the largest da'wah organizations in Indonesia. The failure of colonial politics and the rise of religious revivalism provided a firm foundation for the movement’s growth, which includes its stronghold in Semarang. Its strategic use of propaganda and its several impacts on social change obtained the movement’s ascent in Semarang. The present study employs historical reviews as well as scholarly criticism and clarifications to qualitatively examine and validate the movement’s establishment. From 1929 through to 1940, the authors detail the development and dissemination of Muhammadiyah’s doctrines and its various charitable activities. The authors subsequently conclude that the Muhammadiyah movement has strengthened the position of Indonesian Muslims and effectively countered the influence of Christian missionaries. Thus, Muhammadiyah acts as a buffer, one that furthers the emergence of an autonomous Islamic civil society that brims with moral responsibility.
Gratitude and Life Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Perceived Stress
Authors: Yildirim Murat , Alanazi Zainab
Published: July 2018

The relationships between gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress have been widely examined in different cultures. However, empirical research on these variables is scant in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of stress in the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction in an understudied population of Arabic student sample. Participants were 141 Arabic-speaking undergraduate students (18 males and 123 females; mean age = 23.8 years, SD = 4.23) and completed self-report measures of gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress. As expected, regression analysis showed that gratitude positively predicted satisfaction with life, while stress negatively predicted satisfaction with life. Mediation analysis showed that stress fully mediate the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction. Higher levels of gratitude positively predicted higher levels of satisfaction with life though the decreased stress. The emerging results have important implications to research and practice regarding understanding the mechanism underlying gratitude, satisfaction with life, and stress in the context of a non-western country.
The Comparative Effect of Air Pollution Caused by Greenhouse Gases Emissions on the Health of Men and Women in the Upper Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Razmi Seyed Mohammad Javad , Azodi Tayyebe
Published: July 2018

Greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gases, liquids and particulate matter and one of the major problems in the world which threatens the health of individuals and although this factor alone does not lead to death, it is very dangerous by affecting the progress and the progress speed of some diseases. Given the importance of health, in this paper, the effect of greenhouse gas pollution will be examined on the health of men and women in 33 upper middle-income countries from 2000 to 2016 in the form of panel data. The research results show that during the period studied, greenhouse gas pollution had a negative and significant effect on the health of men and women in the countries studied, but its effect on women's health was more than that of men.
Parameters for Public Space Architecture. Informal Commerce Dynamics, as an Opportunity to Stimulate Urban Scenarios. Case Study Cali-Colombia
Authors: Arteaga Gustavo , Segura Edier , Escobar Diego
Published: July 2018

In the last decades, the occupation of the pedestrian routes and in general of the public space in the city center of Cali Colombia, have been evidencing diverse phenomena, which to a great extent respond to the accelerated growth of the urban population, where the migrations that have occurred in the interior of the country (fruit of the social conflicts of the last decades), have particularly marked the realities. In Cali, on 10th and 15th streets, near the Government Building, the Palace of Justice and the Municipal Administrative Center - CAM, the public space in general terms has been stressed in a particular way, which has generated conflicts in the surfaces designed for the pedestrians, since they are occupied by vendors in the midst of the informality routines, forcing the pedestrian to use the automobile tracks being a notorious and interesting phenomenon, when observing the factors that produce it and using them as parameters in the design of architectural spaces that contribute to improvement.
SOLUTION METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE MULTILAYER TITANIUM DIOXIDE -NANOSILVER COATINGS ONTO POLYETHER SUBSTRATE
Authors: Davidova Olga I. , Kraev Anton S. , Evdokimova Olga L. , Gerasimova Tatyana V. , Agafonov Alexander V.
Published: July 2018

Photochromic multilayer TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coating was prepared on plastic PET substrate using a solution method. The titanium dioxide sol was successfully produced using the titanium tetraisopropoxide as precursor and the nitric acid as peptizing agent via the low-temperature sol-gel synthesis in aqueous medium. Titanium dioxide films were prepared by a sol-gel dip coating method from a colloid solution of nanocrystalline TiO2 sol. Thus, nanocrystalline titanium dioxide sol and an aqueous solution of silver complex [Ag(NH3)2]NO3 followed by a photolysis for the reduction of silver ions to Ag nanoparticles with a plasmon resonance have been alternately deposited layer-by-layer. In result, heterostructures possessing photochromic properties were formed. The TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coating was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope (AFM) with different resolutions. The TiO2 crystal phase formed during temperature dehydration possesses high photoactivity as the generated nanoparticles size of about 10 nm is an optimum for the most effective absorption of a light quantum and the generation of electron–hole pairs on the surface. It was found the use of silver nanoparticles also promotes an increase in the photoactivity of a film owing to larger water adsorption on the surface of a composite due to the nanoparticle surface effect, which is promoted by a high concentration of the photogenerated holes whose presence is confirmed by composite conductivity type. Thus, the photochromic multilayer TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coating described in this work are expected to find important applications to the fabrication of photochromic materials, optical filters or sensors.
Analysis of a Project Conducted on Unaccompanied Refugees Children (MERNAs)
Authors: Aguaded-Ramírez Eva , Bartolomei-Torres Pierette , Angelidou Georgia
Published: July 2018

“An Unaccompanied Refugee children is a person under the age of 18, who is afraid of being persecuted, whose rights are threatened and is forced to leave his / her habitual residence and / or country of origin and is outside it, without the accompaniment of parents, relatives or other adult person, who, by law or custom, is responsible. “ (Angelidou & Aguaded, 2016). According to the Human Rights Watch researches (2016), serious crimes against refugees and immigrants children are being committed. The Government of Spain announced that they expect to relocate a total of 586 people before the end of 2017. At present, the number of refugees in Spain is more than 470. Specifically, Andalusia became, in September 2016, the first Spanish community that manages to relocate unaccompanied refugees children. The objective of this research is to analyze the socio-educational intervention, which is being carried out with these children. For this, the method used was in-depth interviews, y cuestionarios, which results offer very diverse information, from which we can conclude that there is a way forward, which is leading to improvements for children.
Introducing Everyday ‘Digital Literacy Practices’ into the Classroom: An Analysis of Multi-layered Media, Modes and their Affordances
Authors: Creer Adele
Published: July 2018

Integrating digital media into classroom practice requires consideration on many levels, how young people access and engage with digital media at the level of media, mode and genre is complex and may redefine how literacy practices in the classroom are perceived. Young people use digital media in their everyday literacy practices and a failure to embrace new technologies in the classroom may lead to a disjuncture between their everyday and college-assessed literacy practices.

Following an analysis of communicative interactions that looked at multi-layered media, modes and their affordances, this paper offers insights from recent research. It looks carefully at the congruence and incongruences that exists between the two literacy practices with the aim to offer rich insights into meaning making in what are comparatively new, digital literacy practices.

A major conclusion is that some assessment tasks do have congruence with young people’s everyday literacy practices but at times they either do not take account of the students ‘funds of knowledge’ (Moll et al.,1992) to the full which is likely to cause confusion and possible under performance.
The Gender Gap in STEM Fields: Theories, Movements, and Ideas to Engage Girls in STEM
Authors: Reinking Anni , Martin Barbara
Published: July 2018

The 2010 President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology indicated that there was a need to provide individuals with strong STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) backgrounds in order to be a competitive country internationally. Additionally, it has been found that there is a gender gap in STEM related fields. Therefore, this article describes theories related to the gender gap in the STEM field and ways to engage girls in STEM related fields in order to close the gender gap. The researchers of this study did extensive research to review the current literature, condense and summarize the findings from various studies, and provide steps for educators to engage in that will create an early atmosphere of positive learning environments for girls to be curious about STEM concepts.
Thresholds of Change in Children’s Literature: The Symbol of the Mirror
Authors: Arlandis Sergio , Reyes-Torres Agustín
Published: July 2018

This article approaches the study of children’s literature as a threshold of change that allows readers to explore the reality around them, imagine other worlds and understand other perspectives. Based on the notion of the child’s cognitive development organized into four stages ―pre-reading, fantastic stage, fantastic-realistic stage and aesthetics stage― reading becomes a resource to combine fantasy and experience where the mirror is a highly suggestive element and prone to hundreds of interpretations and applications as can be seen in the plots of well-known books such as the brother Grimm’s Snow White, Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass, Michael Ende’s The Neverending story and J.K. Rowling’s The Philosopher’s Stone, among others. As a result, as young readers go from one stage to another, the mirror gains greater symbolic complexity and they face the discovery of the self and the other as well as the confrontation between the so-called primary and secondary worlds, reality and the marvelous.
Digital Media Behavior of School Students: Abusive Use of the Internet
Authors: García-Umaña Andrés , Tirado-Morueta Ramón
Published: July 2018

The increase in the use of information technologies encompasses all educational and social issues, even changing intergenerational skills. It is considered that the most conditioned to this effect are adolescents and young people. This research is a literary review of various studies on addiction and Internet abuse and presents relevant results of the situation of college students and their level of Internet use. The study was developed in seven educational units of Ecuador, with a sample of n = 773 students (53.6% men and 46.4% women). An instrument with sufficient validation guarantees (α.94) has been applied, verified by means of a factorial analysis of main components, which determined two study factors in the use of the Internet and loss of control and interference with life. Through a statistical treatment (Pearson) a good correlation was established (,62) between the two study dimensions, which is a concern in the educational field.
E-Teaching in Higher Education: An Essential Prerequisite for E-Learning
Authors: Guri-Rosenblit Sarah
Published: July 2018

The discourse on the implementation of the digital technologies in higher education settings focuses mainly on students’ learning rather than on professors’ teaching. The little attention paid to the crucial role of teachers in online settings results in a restricted and moderate adaptation of the technologies in higher education worldwide. In most higher education institutions, the new technologies are used mainly for add-on functions and not for substituting face-to-face encounters or for an intensive web-enhanced teaching. This article starts with briefly explaining why most students, particularly at the undergraduate level, are unable and/or unwilling to study by themselves without expert teachers to guide their knowledge construction, discusses the problematics of digital literacy of teachers, examines the main reasons for the reluctance of many academics to utilize the technologies more fully in their teaching, and concludes by recommending some strategies for incorporating more fully the huge array of the technologies’ capabilities in higher education institutions.
Non-technological Learning Environments in a Technological World: Flipping Comes to the Aid
Authors: Froehlich Dominik E.
Published: July 2018

We live in a world permeated by digital technologies. Still, however, this digitization is not always reflected in the learning environments of higher education institutions, which raises questions about the adequacy of the instructional outcomes. In this paper, I maintain that the concept of the inverted or flipped classroom may be a fruitful path to including learning “hands-on” with technology even in learning environments absent of any technological resources. The rationale for this proposition is that flipped elements transfer the demand for technology from the teaching environment to the student. I report on a design-based research project to put this claim to a first test. The qualitative and quantitative data collected all support the idea that flipped classroom elements may help overcome differences in terms of availability of technology in different learning environments. The implications for universities and higher education teachers are discussed.
Ubiquitous Educational Use of Mobile Digital Devices. A General and Comparative Study in Spanish and Latin America Higher Education
Authors: Vázquez Cano Esteban , Sevillano-García M.ª Luisa
Published: July 2018

This study conducted a general and comparative analysis of how university students use mobile digital devices for educational purposes in various places and spaces both inside and outside university facilities in Spain and Latin America. It analyses a total sample of 886 students (442 Spanish and 444 Latin American) corresponding to five Spanish and five Latin American universities. The research methodology was based on factorial analysis and comparison between groups with parametric and nonparametric tests. The results show that educational use of mobile digital devices in the Hispanic world concentrates on the use of smartphones and tablets inside university facilities; primarily in college cafeterias, corridors, classrooms and libraries. Spanish and Latin American students used tablets in and out of University facilities for storing and retrieving information, and smartphones for sharing educational information and content.
Lifelong Learning at Universities: Future Perspectives for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Cendon Eva
Published: July 2018

This paper examines practices of teaching and learning in the era of digitalization. More specifically, it addresses practices of teaching and learning for students with professional experience who work alongside their studies. Based on the assumption that digitalization is a means of allowing more open and flexible pathways for teaching and learning in higher education, the paper focusses on the perspectives and perceptions of both students and teachers in digital supported teaching and learning environments as forms of blended learning. It brings together findings from two qualitative empirical studies: one focused on students’ perspectives of their development over the course of their studies; the second addressed teachers’ perspectives and their teaching strategies and activities. Based on the findings of these two research studies, the paper outlines future perspectives for teaching and learning and the role of digitalization, with a particular emphasis on programs of lifelong learning at universities.
Plagiarism, Internet and Academic Success at the University
Authors: Torres-Diaz Juan Carlos , Duart Josep M. , Hinojosa-Becerra Mónica
Published: July 2018

In this work, we determined, the level of incidence of the use of technologies on academic success and the incidence of interaction and experience on the level of plagiarism of university students. A sample of 10,952 students from 31 face-to-face universities in Ecuador was created. Students were classified based on their experience level, level of interaction with teachers and classmates, and the use they do with technology for academic activities. The results showed that the level of experience does not affect academic success, but does have an incidence on plagiarism levels that increase as this experience increases. Plagiarism reaches higher levels when level of experience, family income and hours of connection per day increases. Academic performance depends on the number of hours that students seek information and the number of academic videos they watch. Also, plagiarism tends to decrease as the student makes better use of technology for their academic activities.
Molecular mechanisms of force production in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis
Authors: Lacy Michael M. , Ma Rui , Ravindra Neal G. , Berro Julien
Published: July 2018

During clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME), a flat patch of membrane is invaginated and pinched off to release a vesicle into the cytoplasm. In yeast CME, over 60 proteins—including a dynamic actin meshwork—self‐assemble to deform the plasma membrane. Several models have been proposed for how actin and other molecules produce the forces necessary to overcome the mechanical barriers of membrane tension and turgor pressure, but the precise mechanisms and a full picture of their interplay are still not clear. In this review, we discuss the evidence for these force production models from a quantitative perspective and propose future directions for experimental and theoretical work that could clarify their various contributions.
Retracted: MicroR‐9‐5p suppresses EV71 replication through targeting NFκB of the RIG‐I‐mediated innate immune response
Authors: Li Bing , Zheng Junqing
Published: July 2018

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that there is a causative link between hsa‐microRNA‐9‐5p (miR‐9) and pathophysiological processes. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been found to contribute to numerous severe clinical symptoms which result in death. The exact mechanism by which EV71 influences miR‐9 expression is unknown, and the relationship between miR‐9 and EV71 is still unclear. Here, miR‐9 expression was found to be impaired upon EV71 infection in several cell lines and in an EV71 infection mouse model. Additionally, we confirmed that EV71 infection induces robust expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1) and interferons (IFN‐α and IFN‐β). Overexpression of miR‐9 attenuated EV71 proliferation and reduced protein and gene expressions of virion protein 1 (VP1) of EV71. Furthermore, we observed that the inflammation caused by EV71 infection was restored to a moderate level via miR‐9 overexpression. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in the retinoic acid‐induced gene 1 (RIG‐I) signaling pathway, but not interferon regulating factor 3 (IRF3), was significantly decreased and inactivated by ectopic miR‐9 expression. Moreover, in mouse infection experiments, administration of miR‐9 agomirs caused a significant decrease in VP1 levels and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production after viral inoculation. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that miR‐9 exerts an anti‐EV71 effect in cells and a mouse model via mediating NFκB activity of the RIG‐I signal pathway, thereby suggesting a new candidate for antiviral drug development.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Functionalized Imidazopyridine Analogues with Anti‐Cancer Activity through a Transition‐Metal Free, One‐pot Cascade Reaction
Authors: Song Gui‐Ting , McConnell Nicholas , Chen Zhong‐Zhu , Yao Xiao‐Fang , Huang Jiu‐Hong , Lei Jie , Lin Hui‐Kuan , Frett Brendan , Li Hong‐yu , Xu Zhi‐Gang
Published: July 2018

A transition‐metal free, high yielding and efficient three‐component reaction was designed and incorporated into two sequential oxidation and cyclization reaction cascades in one‐pot with the assistance of microwave irradiation. A chemical collection of functionalized 3‐substituted imidazopyridines was prepared by means of the mild reaction and simple operational procedure. The reaction has a broad tolerance for a variety of substituted carbonyl aldehydes, anilines and 2‐phenyl‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. Screening in several cancer cell lines was conducted. Compound 9 i exhibited good potency against HeLa cell lines and this work validated the feasibility of the methodology for generating bioactive compounds.

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Sociopolitical Control for Immigrants: The Role of Receiving Local Contexts
Authors: Paloma Virginia , Lenzi Michela , Furlanis Nicola , Vieno Alessio , García‐Ramírez Manuel
Published: July 2018

This study examines the individual and contextual factors associated with sociopolitical control expressed by immigrants in southern Spain. We used hierarchical linear modeling to evaluate the relations between individual (community participation, social connectedness, and perceived cultural competence of receiving community services) and municipality characteristics (city community participation, city social connectedness, and city community services’ cultural competence) and immigrants’ feelings of sociopolitical control. Data were analyzed using a two‐level model based on 707 Moroccan immigrants in 25 municipalities. After adjusting for gender, educational level, and psychosocial confounding factors, we observed a positive association between social connectedness and sociopolitical control at the individual level. At the contextual level, we observed a positive association between (a) city community participation, (b) city social connectedness, and (c) city community services’ cultural competence, and sociopolitical control. Indeed, living in a municipality where there are community services with high levels of cultural competence and where, on average, many people participate in organizations and neighbors are connected, was associated with higher levels of perceived control in the sociopolitical domain for immigrants. We also discuss implications for community‐based research and practice.
The socioeconomic determinants for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a review of New York State from 1995 to 2015
Authors: McKee Sean , Yang Anthony , Kidwai Sarah , Govindaraj Satish , Shrivastava Raj , Iloreta Alfred
Published: July 2018

Background

Prolonged length of stay (pLOS), disease‐related complications, and 30‐day readmissions are important quality metrics under the Affordable Care Act. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of patient‐level and hospital‐level factors on these outcomes for patients admitted for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods

The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database was queried to investigate 30‐day readmissions and pLOS for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in New York from 1995 to 2015. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, was performed to assess the effect of these variables on the outcomes of interest.

Results

A total of 9950 patients underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery; 7122 (72%), 2394 (24%), and 434 (4%) patients were treated at high‐volume, medium‐volume, and low‐volume centers, respectively. Patient factors associated with treatment at high‐volume centers (HVCs) included: top income quartile, private insurance, urban residence, and white or Asian race (p < 0.05). Patient variables associated with treatment at low‐volume centers (LVCs) included: age >65 years, elevated Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores, bottom income quartile, Medicaid and Medicare insurance, rural residence, black race, and Hispanic ethnicity (p < 0.05). Variables predictive of prolonged hospitalizations in our multivariable model included black race, Hispanic ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, low income, female gender, LVC, and comorbidities (panhypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus [DI], visual disturbances, CCI) while predictors of readmissions included Asian race, female gender, and comorbidities (Cushing syndrome, DI, CCI).

Conclusion

Patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery at HVCs have shorter hospitalizations, fewer postoperative electrolyte abnormalities, and lower charges; however, socioeconomic factors may influence access to quality care.
Histone deacetylase 11 inhibits interleukin 10 in B cells of subjects with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Shao Jian‐Bo , Luo Xiang‐Qian , Wu Yong‐Jin , Li Mao‐Gang , Hong Jing‐Yi , Mo Li‐Hua , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Li Hua‐Bin , Liu Da‐Bo , Yang Ping‐Chang
Published: July 2018

Background

The interleukin (IL)‐10 expression in B cells plays an important role in immune tolerance. The regulation of IL‐10 expression in B cells is not fully understood yet. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is increased in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. This study tests a hypothesis that TNF enhances histone deacetylase (HDAC)11 expression to inhibit the expression of IL‐10 in B cells of AR patients.

Methods

Peripheral B cells were collected from healthy persons and patients with AR. The B cells were analyzed by immune assay and molecular biological approaches for the expression of IL‐10.

Results

The expression of HDAC11 was higher in B cells of patients with AR than that in healthy persons. The expression of IL‐10 in B cells was lower in AR patients than that in healthy subjects. The levels of HDAC11 in B cells were negatively correlated with the levels of IL‐10. Exposure of B cells to TNF in the culture inhibited the expression of IL‐10, in which HDAC11 played a critical role in the interference with the Il10 gene transcription. Inhibition of HDAC11 restored the IL‐10 expression in B cells from AR patients and attenuated the experimental AR.

Conclusion

TNF can suppress the expression of IL‐10 in B cells via enhancing the expression of HDAC11. Inhibition of HDAC11 restores the IL‐10 expression in B cells of AR subjects. HDAC11 may be a novel target for the treatment of AR.
Schalen, Reifen und Sattel: Methoden zur Synthese gebogener aromatischer Moleküle
Authors: Majewski Marcin A. , Stępień Marcin
Published: July 2018

Dieser Aufsatz fast die jüngsten Fortschritte in der Chemie gekrümmter aromatischer Moleküle zusammen. Mit dem Schwerpunkt auf den wesentlichen Erfolgen des vergangenen Jahrzehnts stellen wir einen allgemeinen Überblick über die Synthesemethoden zur Verfügung, die eine effiziente Induktion von interner Spannung in π‐konjugierten Strukturen ermöglichen. Dieser Aufsatz ist gemäß der am spannungsinduzierenden Reaktionsschritt (Cyclisierungen, Eliminierungen, Ringexpansionen und –kontraktionen) beteiligten Topologieänderung gegliedert und unterstreicht die bemerkenswerte Vielfalt an Strukturen, die mit modernen Synthesemethoden erzielt werden kann.
Struktur von [HSi9]3− im Festkörper und sein unerwartet hochdynamisches Verhalten in Lösung
Authors: Lorenz Corinna , Hastreiter Florian , Hioe Johnny , Lokesh Nanjundappa , Gärtner Stefanie , Korber Nikolaus , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: July 2018

Der unzweifelhafte Nachweis des schwer zu fassenden [HSi9]3−‐Anions gelang in flüssigem Ammoniak mithilfe verschiedenster 29Si‐ und 1H‐NMR‐Experimente, inklusive Chemical‐Exchange‐Saturation‐Transfer(CEST)‐Experimente. Charakteristische Multiplett‐Aufspaltungen sowohl bei den 29Si‐ als auch bei den 1H‐Signalen zusammen mit den CEST‐Messungen und eine teilweise reduzierte 1H,29Si‐Kopplungskonstante zeigen eine äußerst dynamische Si8‐Teilstruktur sowie eine Si‐H‐Einheit mit einem langsamen Protonen‐Hopping. Rechnungen belegen sowohl eine Umstrukturierung von Si8 in der ps‐Zeitskala über schwache Schwingungsmoden als auch das Protonen‐Hopping. Zusätzlich wurde in einer Einkristallstrukturanalyse von (K(DB[18]Krone‐6))(K([2.2.2]Krypt))2[HSi9]⋅8.5 NH3 das H‐Atom eindeutig an einer Ecke der quadratischen Grundfläche des Clusters lokalisiert, der die Gestalt eines einfach überdachten quadratischen Antiprismas hat. Insgesamt liefern experimentelle Studien und theoretische Betrachtungen bisher beispiellose Details sowohl zur Struktur als auch zum dynamischen Verhalten der Clusteranionen, die bisher eher für starr gehalten worden sind.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Position‐Specifically Modified RNA for Biophysical Studies including Light Control and NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Keyhani Sara , Goldau Thomas , Blümler Anja , Heckel Alexander , Schwalbe Harald
Published: July 2018

The investigation of non‐coding RNAs requires RNAs containing modifications at every possible position within the oligonucleotide. Here, we present the chemo‐enzymatic RNA synthesis containing photoactivatable or 13C,15N‐labelled nucleosides. All four ribonucleotides containing ortho‐nitrophenylethyl (NPE) photocages, photoswitchable azobenzene C‐nucleotides and 13C,15N‐labelled nucleotides were incorporated position‐specifically in high yields. We applied this approach for the synthesis of light‐inducible 2′dG‐sensing riboswitch variants and detected ligand‐induced structural reorganization upon irradiation by NMR spectroscopy. This chemo‐enzymatic method opens the possibility to incorporate a wide range of modifications at any desired position of RNAs of any lengths beyond the limits of solid‐phase synthesis.
Bowls, Hoops, and Saddles: Synthetic Approaches to Curved Aromatic Molecules
Authors: Majewski Marcin A. , Stępień Marcin
Published: July 2018

This review summarizes recent advances in the chemistry of curved aromatic molecules. By focusing on the key accomplishments of the last decade, we provide a general overview of synthetic methods capable of efficient induction of internal strain in π‐conjugated frameworks. The review is structured according to the topology change involved in the strain‐inducing reaction step (cyclizations, eliminations, ring expansions and contractions), and highlights the striking diversity of structures achievable with modern synthetic methodology.
Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles by Chiral‐Phosphoric‐Acid‐Catalyzed (4+3) Cycloaddition
Authors: Gelis Coralie , Levitre Guillaume , Merad Jérémy , Retailleau Pascal , Neuville Luc , Masson Géraldine
Published: July 2018

A highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective formal (4+3) cycloaddition of 1,3‐diene‐1‐carbamates with 3‐indolylmethanols in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst is reported. The approach described herein provides efficient access to 6‐aminotetrahydrocyclohepta[b]indoles in good yields with mostly complete diastereoselectivity and excellent levels of enantioselectivity (>98:2 dr and up to 98 % ee). Mild reaction conditions, facile scale‐up, and versatile derivatization highlight the practicality of this methodology. A mechanistic study suggests that cycloaddition occurs in a stepwise fashion, after the formation of an ion pair between the chiral catalytic phosphate and the intermediate carbocation.
Multicentre international trial of laparoscopic lavage for Hinchey III acute diverticulitis (LLO Study)
Authors: Binda G A , Bonino M A , Siri G , Di Saverio S , Rossi G , Nascimbeni R , Sorrentino M , Arezzo A , Vettoretto N , Cirocchi R , Birindelli A , Bertone S , Mentz R , Brizzolari M , Galleano R , Reggiani L , Parisi A , Gemini A , Pascariello A , Boccia L , Capelli P , Pertile D , Baldazzi G , Cassini D , Portale G , Fiscon V , Boselli C , Gervaz P , Gomes C A , Horesh N , Rey Valcárcel C , Battocletti M , Guercioni G , Tonini V , Agresta F , Bisagni P , Crucitti A , Mariani P , Casiraghi S , Lakkis Z
Published: July 2018

Background

Laparoscopic lavage was proposed in the 1990s to treat purulent peritonitis in patients with perforated acute diverticulitis. Prospective randomized trials had mixed results. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate of laparoscopic lavage in sepsis control and to identify a group of patients that could potentially benefit from this treatment.

Methods

This retrospective multicentre international study included consecutive patients from 24 centres who underwent laparoscopic lavage from 2005 to 2015.

Results

A total of 404 patients were included, 231 of whom had Hinchey III acute diverticulitis. Sepsis control was achieved in 172 patients (74·5 per cent), and was associated with lower Mannheim Peritonitis Index score and ASA grade, no evidence of free perforation, absence of extensive adhesiolysis and previous episodes of diverticulitis. The operation was immediately converted to open surgery in 19 patients. Among 212 patients who underwent laparoscopic lavage, the morbidity rate was 33·0 per cent; the reoperation rate was 13·7 per cent and the 30-day mortality rate 1·9 per cent. Twenty-one patients required readmission for early complications, of whom 11 underwent further surgery and one died. Of the 172 patients discharged uneventfully after laparoscopic lavage, a recurrent episode of acute diverticulitis was registered in 46 (26·7 per cent), at a mean of 11 (range 2–108) months. Relapse was associated with younger age, female sex and previous episodes of acute diverticulitis.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic lavage showed a high rate of successful sepsis control in selected patients with perforated Hinchey III acute diverticulitis affected by peritonitis, with low rates of operative mortality, reoperation and stoma formation.
Outcomes of pancreas retransplantation in patients with pancreas graft failure
Authors: Gasteiger S , Cardini B , Göbel G , Oberhuber R , Messner F , Resch T , Bösmüller C , Margreiter C , Schneeberger S , Maglione M
Published: July 2018

Background

Pancreas retransplantation is still a controversial option after loss of a pancreatic graft. This article describes the experience of pancreas retransplantation at a high-volume centre.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study of all pancreas retransplantations performed in a single centre between 1997 and 2013. Pancreatic graft loss was defined by the return to insulin dependence. Risk factors for graft loss as well as patient and graft survival were analysed using logistic and time-to-event regression models.

Results

Of 409 pancreas transplantations undertaken, 52 (12·7 per cent) were identified as pancreas retransplantations. After a median follow-up of 65·0 (range 0·8–174·3) months, 1- and 5-year graft survival rates were 79 and 69 per cent respectively, and 1- and 5-year patient survival rates were 96 and 89 per cent. During the entire follow-up, 22 grafts (42 per cent) were lost. Patient survival was not associated with any of the donor- or recipient-related factors investigated. Five-year graft survival was better after simultaneous kidney–pancreas retransplantation than pancreas retransplantation alone: 80 per cent (16 of 20) versus 63 per cent (20 of 32) (P = 0·226). Acute rejection (odds ratio 4·49, 95 per cent c.i. 1·59 to 12·68; P = 0·005) and early surgical complications (OR 3·29, 1·09 to 9·99, P = 0·035) were identified as factors with an independent negative effect on graft survival.

Conclusion

Pancreas retransplantation may be considered for patients whose previous graft has failed.
Capillary electrophoresis in the enantioseparation of modern antidepressants: An overview
Authors: Hancu Gabriel , Budău Monica , Muntean Daniela Lucia , Gagyi Laszlo , Rusu Aura
Published: July 2018

Chirality is a key subject in modern drug research as well as in the pharmaceutical industry and drug development. Almost all second‐generation modern antidepressants are chiral substances; however in therapy some are used as racemic mixtures while others are used as pure enantiomers. The development of enantioseparation methods of chiral antidepressants and their metabolites is one of the keys in understanding their enantioselective drug action. For this purpose, efficient and reliable analytical methods are needed, and capillary electrophoresis has proved to be an interesting and advantageous alternative to the more frequently used chromatographic techniques. In this review electrodriven methods available for the chiral discrimination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline) and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, duloxetine) are presented and discussed.
A novel dried blood spot LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of apalutamide in mouse whole blood: Application to pharmacokinetic study in mice
Authors: Saini Neeraj Kumar , Sulochana Suresh P. , Kiran Vinay , Zainuddin Mohd , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: July 2018

A simple, sensitive and rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of apalutamide on mouse dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. The method utilizes liquid extraction of apalutamide from 3 mm punched disks from DBS cards (spiked or study samples). The extracted sample was chromatographed on an Atlantis dC18 column using gradient elution with 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min. The total run time was 3.0 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 478 → 450 for apalutamide and m/z 481 → 453 for the IS (apalutamide‐d3). Method validation was performed as per regulatory guidelines. The assay was linear in the range of 0.95–2030 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges of 2.37–8.53 and 6.76–11.5%, respectively. Stability studies showed that apalutamide was stable on DBS cards for one month. This novel method has been applied to analyze the DBS samples of apalutamide obtained from a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of talaromyces amestolkiae from amazon: A producer of natural colorants
Authors: Zaccarim Bruna R. , de Oliveira Fernanda , Passarini Michel R. Z. , Duarte Alysson W. F. , Sette Lara D. , Jozala Angela F. , Teixeira Maria F. S. , de Carvalho Santos‐Ebinuma Valéria
Published: July 2018

The population interest in health products is increasing day‐by‐day. Thus, the demand for natural products to be added in food and pharmaceutical commodity is also rising. Among these additives, colorants, which provides color to products, can be produced by microorganism through bioprocess. Looking for new source of natural colorants, fungi have been employed to this purpose producing novel and safer natural colorants. So, the main goal of this study was to describe a Talaromyces species able to produce natural colorants and investigate nutritional parameters of colorants production using statistical tool. The taxonomy classified the microorganism as Talaromyces amestolkiae. The statistical design evaluated pH and glucose, meat extract and meat peptone concentration as independent variables, and red colorants production as main response. Under the best condition (g/L: glucose 30, meat extract 1, meat peptone 10, and initial pH of 7.0) an increase of 229% in the red colorant production was achieved as compared with the initial media used. The dried fermented broth containing red colorants showed low cytotoxicity against fibroblasts cells (IC50 > 187.5 g/L) and effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MIC of 2.5 g/L). Thus, T. amestolkiae colorants can be attractive to food and pharmaceutical applications as it does not produce toxic compounds and can promote protection against microorganism contaminants. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2684, 2019
Insight into the Chemical Diversity of Late/Ice Harvest Gewürztraminer Wine
Authors: Jerković Igor , Marijanović Zvonimir , Serreli Gabriele , Tuberoso Carlo Ignazio Giovanni
Published: July 2018

Late harvest (LHW) and ice harvest (IHW) Gewürztraminer wine samples from Croatia (Ilok) were investigated. Their technological parameters, chromaticity coordinates, total phenols content, and antioxidant capacity were determined. 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural, xanthine, and trans‐caftaric acid were analyzed in the samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐DAD). Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed isoamyl alcohol as predominant compound (21.25 – 60.30%). Diethyl succinate, 2‐phenylethanol, and benzaldehyde were also abundant. Ethyl octanoate (1.48 – 5.70%) and ethyl caprate (0.48 – 4.83%) decreased significantly in LHW, being the lowest in IHW. Two solvents were applied for the samples extraction (solvent A – pentane/diethyl ether 1:2 (v/v) and solvent B – dichloromethane), and the extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. Ethyl hydrogen succinate (solvent A: 27.30 – 52.04%; solvent B: 28.04 – 46.69%) and diethyl succinate (solvent A: 5.21 – 18.2%; solvent B: 2.66 – 7.72%) were predominant in IHW and LHW. Aromatic alcohols were also found: 2‐phenylethanol (solvent A: 7.07 – 21.09%; solvent B: 5.50 – 11.82%), 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol (solvent A: 1.45 – 6.68%; solvent B: 2.47 – 12.16%) and benzyl alcohol (solvent A: 0.10 – 0.77%). The obtained results complement a previous study on IHW (Gewürztraminer) from Croatia providing new features and indicating great chemical diversity among the samples.
The Three S's for Aptamer‐Mediated Control of DNA Nanostructure Dynamics: Shape, Self‐Complementarity, and Spatial Flexibility
Authors: Shiu Simon Chi‐Chin , Kinghorn Andrew B. , Sakai Yusuke , Cheung Yee‐Wai , Heddle Jonathan G. , Tanner Julian A.
Published: July 2018

DNA aptamers are ideal tools to enable modular control of the dynamics of DNA nanostructures. For molecular recognition, they have a particular advantage over antibodies in that they can be integrated into DNA nanostructures in a bespoke manner by base pairing or nucleotide extension without any complex bioconjugation strategy. Such simplicity will be critical upon considering advanced therapeutic and diagnostic applications of DNA nanostructures. However, optimizing DNA aptamers for functional control of the dynamics of DNA nanostructure can be challenging. Herein, we present three considerations—shape, self‐complementarity, and spatial flexibility—that should be paramount upon optimizing aptamer functionality. These lessons, learnt from the growing number of aptamer–nanostructure reports thus far, will be helpful for future studies in which aptamers are used to control the dynamics of nucleic acid nanostructures.