bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency department visits following total joint arthroplasty: do revisions present a higher burden?
Authors: Singh Vivek , Anil Utkarsh , Kurapatti Mark , Robin Joseph X. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Rozell Joshua C.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Although readmission has historically been of primary interest, emergency department (ED) visits are increasingly a point of focus and can serve as a potentially unnecessary gateway to readmission. This study aims to analyze the difference between primary and revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) cases in terms of the rate and reasons associated with 90-day ED visits.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent TJA from 2011 to 2021 at a single, large, tertiary urban institution. Patients were separated into two cohorts based on whether they underwent primary or revision TJA (rTJA). Outcomes of interest included ED visit within 90-days of surgery, as well as reasons for ED visit and readmission rate. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to compare the two groups while accounting for all statistically significant demographic variables.

Results

Overall, 28,033 patients were included, of whom 24,930 (89%) underwent primary and 3,103 (11%) underwent rTJA. The overall rate of 90-day ED visits was significantly lower for patients who underwent primary TJA in comparison to those who underwent rTJA (3.9% vs 7.0%; p < 0.001). Among those who presented to the ED, the readmission rate was statistically lower for patients who underwent primary TJA compared to rTJA (23.5% vs 32.1%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

ED visits present a significant burden to the healthcare system. Patients who undergo rTJA are more likely to present to the ED within 90 days following surgery compared to primary TJA patients. However, among patients in both cohorts who visited the ED, three-quarters did not require readmission. Future efforts should aim to develop cost-effective and patient-centred interventions that can aid in reducing preventable ED visits following TJA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):543–548.
Optimization of Cab Suspension Using Tractor-Ride Vibration Simulation Model
Authors: Oh Jooseon , Im Dongu , Han Hyun-woo , Choi Kyujeong , Cho Seung-Je , Roh Seunguk , Kim Heung-Sub , Park Young-Jun
Published: July 2022

Highlights

This study created a simulation model to predict the ride vibration of a tractor and to optimize its suspension.

The parameters of the tractor were obtained from various tests to create a fully validated model.

The acceleration measured in a tractor cabin was compared with the simulation model in the time and frequency domains.

The ride vibration of a tractor was evaluated under various road conditions with a fully validated model.

Abstract. A typical problem with tractors and other agricultural machinery is the excessive ride vibration, which results in an inconvenient working environment and poses a risk to the health of operators. In this study, a simulation model for predicting the ride vibration of a tractor and optimizing the cabin suspension was developed to address this limitation. First, the required parameters used computation tests to create the simulation model. Mode and frequency-response function analyses were then performed to validate the model for ride vibration, from which the natural frequency and mode shape were analyzed. Subsequently, the riding characteristics of an actual tractor on a stepped road surface were simulated using a four-post road simulator, and the acceleration measured in the cab was compared with that of the simulation model in the time and frequency domains. Finally, the parameters of the cabin suspension were optimized using the validated simulation model, and the correlation between the cabin suspension parameters and ride vibration was examined. Following optimization, the vibration value of the tractor cab was found to decrease as the damping coefficient of the cabin suspension decreased for all surface conditions selected in the simulation. Thus, the developed tractor simulation model can be used as a ride vibration simulation when developing the control logic of a tractor’s cabin suspension, as well as a plant model of hardware-in-the-loop simulation to verify the control logic. Keywords: Hydro-pneumatic suspension, Optimization, Ride vibration, Simulation model, Tractor cab, Validation.
Effect of Nano-Magnetite and Ethanol on Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw
Authors: Xin Ya , Liu Wenyuan , Ren Shiying , Wang Dianlong
Published: July 2022

Highlights

Studied mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw with nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) and ethanol.

The maximum biogas yield of 421.5 mL/g in mesophilic AD was 60.8% higher than control.

Revealed the mechanism of nano-Fe3O4 and ethanol addition to promote biogas production.

Abstract. This study investigated the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of wheat straw with nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) and ethanol addition. The effects of ethanol addition on the biogas yield, the degradation of lignocellulose, and the bacterial community were explored. The results showed that the biogas yield and methane content increased as the ethanol concentration increased. The ethanol concentration of 4 g/L resulted in highest biogas yield in mesophilic anaerobic fermentation at 421.5 mL/g, which was a 60.8% improvement compared to the control. The corresponding methane content was 66.2%. For the lignocellulose degradation, the cellulose and hemicellulose contents in mesophilic anaerobic fermentation were reduced from 55.42% and 17.19% of the pretreated wheat straw to between 22.88% and 25.98% and 11.60% and 13.05%, respectively. The microbial community results showed that as the ethanol content increased, the relative abundance of Firmicutes initially increased before it decreased. Among the microbial community results, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in the biogas residue of the mesophilic anaerobic fermentation with the addition of 3 g/L of ethanol were the highest, at 31.26% and 30.94%, respectively. Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas, Ethanol, Nano-Fe3O4, Wheat Straw.
Linking bird resistant and susceptible sunflower traits with pollinator’s fauna and seed production
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Ali Mudssar , Khan Fawad Zafar Ahmad , Iqbal Naeem , Nawaz Fahim
Published: July 2022

Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) is a highly cross-pollinated crop dependent on insect pollinators to provide a good quality edible oil worldwide. Different sunflower hybrids vary in terms of dependence on insect pollinators. Previously few studies have been conducted regarding the role of insect pollinators in hybrid sunflower seed production in Pakistan. Therefore, the current study was planned to explore the abundance and diversity along with foraging behavior (visitation rate and stay time) of native insect pollinators as well as to study the effect of different pollination treatments (free insect visits vs. no insect visits) on the reproductive success of different hybrids of sunflower. Two sunflower hybrids were grown at the research farm of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, under the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In our study, the pollinator community consisted of honeybees (Apis dorsata, A. mellifera, and A. florea), solitary bees (Pseudapis sp., Megachilidae sp. and Xylocopa sp.), and syrphid flies (Eristalinus aeneus and E. megacephalus). Furthermore, the relative abundance of pollinators was high in the H4 (having a flat head with 45º head angle from the stem) hybrid, while the least abundance was observed in H3 (180º head angle from stem). H4 proved to be a better hybrid among the hybrids regarding the number of seeds and seed weight. Both bees, i.e., solitary bees and honey bees, are crucial for pollinating sunflower. Comparative results of free insect visits and no insect visit treatments showed that the maximum number of seed weight, number of seeds, and seed diameter was observed in free insect visits compared to no insect visit treatment. Therefore, conserving the diversity of the native insect pollinators will lead to a higher yield of sunflower hybrids and other cross-pollinated crops.
Osteoid Osteoma of Talus – A Rare Occurrence Mimicking Ankle Arthritis: A Case Report
Authors: Pai Satvik N , Kumar Mohan M , Vanchi Pravin K , Ravi Raghav
Published: July 2022

Introduction:Osteoid osteoma is a benign, bone forming tumor which accounts for nearly 10% of all benign bone tumors. The foot is very rarely involved, with only around 2% of osteoid osteomas being reported to occur in bones of the foot. Osteoid osteoma of the talus could present as symptoms mimicking monoarticular arthritis of the ankle. We present a case of osteoid osteoma occurring in the neck of talus, presenting such a diagnostic dilemma. Case Report:A 13-year-old male child had complaints of pain and swelling in his right ankle since 1 year. The pain was predominantly aggravated at night and partially relieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. On examination, we found a diffuse, ill-defined, and soft swelling over the anteromedial aspect of the right ankle, which was anterior and inferior to the medial malleolus. The movements at the ankle joint were restricted and painful. Lateral radiograph of ankle revealed a solitary, osteolytic, and circular lesion involving the neck of the talus. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined, lucent, and intramedullary lesion with a sclerotic rim in the neck of talus. The child was diagnosed to have osteoid osteoma of the neck of talus. We performed percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lesion. The child had complete relief of pain after the procedure. The child was followed up for 3 years and had no complaints of pain. Conclusion:Osteoid osteoma very rarely occurs in the talus. It can present as monoarticular arthritis involving the ankle joint and requires a high degree of suspicion to be identified. A CT scan remains the most accurate investigation to confirm the diagnosis. We found percutaneous CT-guided RFA to have yielded good outcome without recurrence. Keywords:Osteoid osteoma, ankle arthritis, talus, radiofrequency ablation.
Approach to Total Hip Arthroplasty in Gauchers Disease with Pre-Existing Spinopelvic Fusion
Authors: Vinay D J Vinay , Chokkalingam Sitsabesan
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Avascular necrosis of femoral head secondary to rare metabolic Gaucher’s disease (GD) can cause debilitating hip arthritis in young adults. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused due to deficiency of lysosome enzyme glucocerebrosidase resulting in accumulation of its substrate in macrophages. The activated macrophages or the Gaucher cells causes hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Extensive marrow involvement causes bony deformity, necrosis, and pathological fractures in non-neuropathic GD. Total hip replacement (THR) for young adult with secondary arthritis due to avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head in GD is complex and has high failure rate. As the abnormal cell infiltration involves both femoral head and the acetabulum. It becomes even more challenging, when associated spinopelvic fusion preexists. The altered biomechanics needs special attention to the anteversion of the cup placement and deciding the combined ante-version angle (CAVA). Case Presentation:We report a case of GD with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, who underwent spinopelvic fusion to address his osteonecrosis of lumbar vertebra. Previously unreported, here we will discuss the pre-operative radiological evaluation and other intra-operative challenges in the management of GD post-enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with secondary hip arthritis by THR. Conclusion:Hip replacement surgery in patients with Gaucher disease related to secondary arthritis restores pain free mobility. Despite the young age of the patients with GD, prognosis remains better with THR after enzyme replacement therapy. The pre-operative planning, anticipation of complications in metabolically abnormal hip joints makes it a complex primary THR. However, in patients with the spinopelvic fusion placement of the cup, at the narrow range of angle of version with altered spinopelvic rhythm plays an important role in post-operative prosthetic hip stability and patient mobility. Keywords:Gaucher’s disease, spinopelvic fusion, total hip arthroplasty, enzyme replacement therapy.
Spivak and Rethinking the Agency of Disabled Children
Authors: Kowitz Prayathna
Published: July 2022

Disability as a marginalised subject position is not conspicuous in Postcolonial Studies, although it does constitute a material presence and is a lived experience in the Global South. Disability Studies in the Global North often downplays social inequality and diversity that is a direct result of inequalities perpetuated by centuries of colonialism. This is problematic for indigenous populations that are disabled, as their ‘agency’ is left out in both the postcolonial and the disability narrative. This article examines the position of the subaltern that exists within subalternity, through the works of Professor Gayatri C. Spivak, and further aims to examine whether the space occupied by the subaltern is characteristically similar as a disenfranchised group to that of disabled people. Spivak’s method of affirmative sabotage and deconstruction in postcolonial studies will be used to rethink the position of disabled children to conclude that the subaltern and the experience of impairment are similarly ‘disabling’, and that disabled subaltern in treaties such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child cannot actually speak.
Risk factors for early PICC removal: A retrospective study of adult inpatients at an academic medical center
Authors: Shen Burton H. , Mahoney Lindsey , Molino Janine , Mermel Leonard A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Use of PICCs has been rising since 2001. They are used when long-term intravenous access is needed and for blood draws in patients with difficult venous access.

Objective

To determine which risk factors contribute to inappropriate PICC line insertion defined as removal of a PICC within five days of insertion for reasons other than a PICC complication.

Design

Retrospective, observational study.

Setting

Tertiary-care, Level 1 trauma center.

Patients

Adult patients with a PICC removed 1/1/2017 to 5/4/2020.

Measurements

Frequency of PICC removal within five days of insertion and associated risk factors for early removal.

Results

Between 1/1/2017 and 5/4/2020, 995 of 5348 PICCs inserted by the IV nursing team were removed within five days (19%). In 2017, 5 of 429 PICCs developed a central line-associated infection (1.2%) and 29 of 429 PICCs developed symptomatic venous thromboembolism (6.7%). Patients with PICCs whose primary service was in an ICU were independently at higher risk of early removal (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14, 1.83); weekday insertion was independently associated with a lower likelihood of early removal compared to weekend insertion (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.49, 0.75).

Limitation

PICC removal after discharge was not assessed and paper records were likely incomplete and biased.

Conclusion

Nearly one in five PICCs were removed within five days. Patients whose primary team was in an ICU and PICCs ordered on weekends were at independently higher risk of early removal.
Can meaning make cents? Making the meaning of work salient for US manufacturing workers
Authors: Salamone Alberto , Lordan Grace
Published: July 2022

We conducted a field experiment in a small electronics manufacturing firm in the US with the specific aim to improve minutes worked, punctuality, tardiness and safety checks. Our intervention was to put posters on the production floor on a random day, which made salient to the blue-collar employees the meaning and importance of their job, which comprised of routine repetitive tasks, in a before and after design. Overall, the intervention was a success with positive and significant effects consistently found for the outcomes both immediately after the experiment finished (+3 days) and also more than two weeks after (+15 days). Our study highlights it is possible to motivate blue collar manual workers intrinsically by drawing attention to the meaning of their work.
Determining the pre-grazing sward height of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus - Hochst. ex Chiov.) for optimizing nutrient intake rate of dairy heifers
Authors: Marín Gómez Alejandra , Laca Emilio A. , Baldissera Tiago Celso , Pinto Cassiano Eduardo , Garagorry Fábio Cervo , Zubieta Angel S. , Bremm Carolina , Bindelle Jerôme , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio
Published: July 2022

Understanding the grazing process and animal response to sward structures (e.g., sward height) is key to setting targets for efficient grazing management. We hypothesized that the short-term intake rate (STIR) of dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) by dairy heifers is maximized with Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus—Hochst. ex Chiov.) of intermediate sward heights. The treatments consisted of five pre-grazing sward heights (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm) randomly assigned to two of ten paddocks. The experimental design included two measurements of each paddock at different periods and times of day. Three Holstein heifers (440 ± 42 kg body weight) were used to determine the STIR, which was estimated using the double-weighing technique with correction for insensible weight losses. The bite mass (BM), bite rate (BR), sward structural characteristics, and nutritional value of herbage samples were assessed. The data were analyzed using mixed models with a factorial arrangement of five sward heights, two times of day, and two evaluation periods. The sward height of Kikuyu grass that maximized both STIRs was approximately 20 cm. The STIR of the DM was 30% and 15% lower than the maximum in the shortest and tallest swards tested, respectively. In swards shorter than 20 cm, the STIR was lower because the BM decreased with sward height, whereas in those greater than 20 cm, the lower BM and STIR of DM was explained by a decrease in bulk density and bite volume. The top stratum was composed mainly of highly digestible leaf blades with similar nutrient content across sward heights; therefore the STIR of digestible OM was also maximized at 20 cm. Hence, the optimal pre-grazing sward height of Kikuyu grass should be managed at 20 cm under rotational stocking systems to maximize nutrient intake rate of dairy heifers.
A concatenated LDPC-marker code for channels with correlated insertion and deletion errors in bit-patterned media recording system
Authors: Xue Tianbo
Published: July 2022

Most synchronization error correction codes deal with random independent insertion and deletion errors without correlation. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic channel model with correlated insertion and deletion (CID) errors to capture the data dependence applicable to the bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) system. We also investigate the error performance and decoding complexity of a concatenated LDPC-marker code over the CID channel. Furthermore, we modify the forward backward decoding algorithm to make it suitable for the CID channel, and elaborate it based on a two-dimensional state transition diagram. Compared with the conventional marker coding scheme dealing with random errors, the concatenated LDPC-marker code takes into account the dependence between synchronization errors, improves the error performance, and reduces the decoding complexity. The BER performance of the concatenated LDPC-marker code is improved by more than 50% on average, and the decoding time is reduced by nearly 35% when the LDPC code (n = 4521, k = 3552) and the marker code (Nm = 2, Nc = 30) are used over the CID channel.
Evaluation of risk adjustment performance of diagnosis-based and medication-based comorbidity indices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Guo Ie Huei , Tang Chao-Hsiun , Sheu Mei-Ling , Liu Hung-Yi , Lu Ning , Tsai Tuan-Ya , Chen Bi-Li , Huang Kuo-Cherh
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study assessed risk adjustment performance of six comorbidity indices in two categories of comorbidity measures: diagnosis-based comorbidity indices and medication-based ones in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

This was a population–based retrospective cohort study. Data used in this study were sourced from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study population comprised all patients who were hospitalized due to COPD for the first time in the target year of 2012. Each qualified patient was individually followed for one year starting from the index date to assess two outcomes of interest, medical expenditures within one year after discharge and in-hospital mortality of patients. To assess how well the added comorbidity measures would improve the fitted model, we calculated the log-likelihood ratio statistic G2. Subsequently, we compared risk adjustment performance of the comorbidity indices by using the Harrell c-statistic measure derived from multiple logistic regression models.

Results

Analytical results demonstrated that that comorbidity measures were significant predictors of medical expenditures and mortality of COPD patients. Specifically, in the category of diagnosis-based comorbidity indices the Elixhauser index was superior to other indices, while the RxRisk-V index was a stronger predictor in the framework of medication-based codes, for gauging both medical expenditures and in-hospital mortality by utilizing information from the index hospitalization only as well as the index and prior hospitalizations.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this work has ascertained that comorbidity indices are significant predictors of medical expenditures and mortality of COPD patients. Based on the study findings, we propose that when designing the payment schemes for patients with chronic diseases, the health authority should make adjustments in accordance with the burden of health care caused by comorbid conditions.
Association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and susceptibility to congenital heart disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Wanru , Wang Jing , Chen Lin-jiao
Published: July 2022

The association between methionine synthase (MTR) A2756G (rs1805087) polymorphism and the susceptibility to congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been fully determined. A meta-analysis of case-control studies was performed to systematically evaluate the above association. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases from inception to June 20, 2021. Two authors independently performed literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment. Predefined subgroup analyses were carried out to evaluate the impact of the population ethnicity, source of healthy controls (community or hospital-based), and methods used for genotyping on the outcomes. A random-effects model was used to combine the results, and 12 studies were included. Results showed that MTR A2756G polymorphism was not associated with CHD susceptibility under the allele model (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86 to 1.07, P = 0.43, I2 = 4%), heterozygote model (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.07, P = 0.41, I2 = 0%), homozygote model (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.55, P = 0.99, I2 = 17%), dominant genetic model (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.07, P = 0.41, I2 = 0%), or recessive genetic model (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.43, P = 0.32, I2 = 13%). Consistent results were found in subgroup analyses between Asian and Caucasian populations in studies with community and hospital-derived controls as well as in studies with PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing (all P values for subgroup differences > 0.05). In conclusion, current evidence does not support an association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and CHD susceptibility.
A label-free and low-power microelectronic impedance spectroscopy for characterization of exosomes
Authors: Shi Leilei , Esfandiari Leyla
Published: July 2022

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive and label-free technology that can characterize and discriminate cells based on their dielectric properties at a wide range of frequency. This characterization method has not been utilized for small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with heterogenous and nano-scale size distribution. Here, we developed a novel label-free microelectronic impedance spectroscopy for non-invasive and rapid characterization of exosomes based on their unique dielectric properties. The device is comprised of an insulator-based dielectrophoretic (iDEP) module for exosomes isolation followed by an impedance spectroscopy utilizing the embedded micro-electrodes. This device is capable of distinguishing between exosomes harvested from different cellular origins as the result of their unique membrane and cytosolic compositions at a wide range of frequency. Therefore, it has the potential to be further evolved as a rapid tool for characterization of pathogenic exosomes in clinical settings.
Acceptability and feasibility of HIV self-testing among transgender people in Larkana, Pakistan: Results from a pilot project
Authors: Altaf Arshad , Pasha Muhammad Safdar Kamal , Majeed Ayesha , Ali Wajid , Alaama Ahmed Sabry , Jamil Muhammad Shahid
Published: July 2022

Background

HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an innovative HIV testing approach that effectively reaches those who do not otherwise test, including key populations (KPs). Despite potential benefits, HIVST is not currently implemented in Pakistan. The high risk of HIV among transgender (TGs) persons is among the highest risk group for HIV in Pakistan, yet knowledge of HIV status remains low in this key population group. We conducted a pilot project to assess the acceptability and feasibility of distributing HIVST to TGs in Larkana.

Methods

Eligible participants were 18 years or above and self-identified as transgender (“hijra”). One oral fluid HIVST kit per person was distributed free of cost in the community by trained transgender peer outreach workers (ORW). Participants could request a demonstration of the HIVST procedure before performing self-testing which was provided by the trained ORW. Demographic characteristics of participants were collected. The ORW followed up with phone calls two days later to record if HIVST kits were used, the results, and whether assistance was required.

Results

Between November 2020 and February 2021, 150 HIVST kits were distributed to eligible TGs. The average age of participants was 25.5 years (standard deviation: 7.0). Over a third (52, 34.7%) had no formal education, while (16, 10.6%) had attended at least five years of schooling. Over one-third (58, 38.6%) of participants were first-time testers. One hundred and thirty-nine (92.7%) participants reported their results within two days. For the remaining 11 participants, ORWs had to contact them. All participants reported using HIVST kits within three days. A majority (141, 94%) used the kit in their homes, and the remaining nine (6%) used it at the community-based organization’s office. Overall, a small proportion (11, 7.3%) of participants requested a demonstration of the test procedure before performing HIVST. Four (2.7%) participants who had performed unsupervised self-tests reported reactive HIVST results; all were linked to treatment within five working days once their HIV result was confirmed. The majority (136, 90.6%) of participants felt that self-testing was easy to perform independently, and 143 (95%) reported that they would recommend HIVST to their peers.

Conclusion

HIVST is acceptable among TGs and identified by first-time testers as undiagnosed infections. Peer-led distribution appears to be a feasible approach for implementation in this setting. HIVST should be considered for routine implementation and scale up to reduce testing gaps among Pakistan’s key population, particularly TGs.
Nasopharyngeal swabs vs. saliva sampling for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A cross-sectional survey of acceptability for caregivers and children after experiencing both methods
Authors: Gagnon François , Bhatt Maala , Zemek Roger , Webster Richard J. , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie , Harman Stuart
Published: July 2022

Background

Saliva sampling is a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing, but acceptability data is lacking. We characterize the acceptability of saliva sampling and nasopharyngeal swabs for primary decision makers and their children after experiencing both testing modalities.

Methods

We administered a cross-sectional survey to participants aged 6-to-17 years and their primary decision makers at an Ottawa community COVID-19 testing centre in March 2021. Included were participants meeting local guidelines for testing. Excluded were those identified prior to participation as having inability to complete the consent, sampling, or survey process. Acceptability in multiple hypothetical scenarios was rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Pain was measured using the Faces Pain Scale—Revised (FPS-R). Preference for testing was assessed with direct binary questions.

Results

48 participants and 48 primary decision makers completed the survey. Nasopharyngeal swab acceptability differed between scenarios, ranging 79% [95%CI: 66, 88] to 100% [95%CI: 95, 100]; saliva sampling acceptability was similar across scenarios, ranging 92% [95%CI: 82, 97] to 98% [95%CI: 89, 99]. 58% of youth described significant pain with nasopharyngeal swabbing, versus none with saliva sampling. 90% of children prefer saliva sampling. 66% of primary decision makers would prefer nasopharyngeal swabbing if it were 10% more sensitive.

Conclusion

Though youth prefer saliva sampling over nasopharyngeal swabs, primary decision makers present for testing remain highly accepting of both. Acceptance of nasopharyngeal swabs, however, varies with the testing indication and is influenced by perceived test accuracy. Understanding factors that influence sampling acceptance will inform more successful testing strategies.
Midazolam impacts acetyl—And butyrylcholinesterase genes: An epigenetic explanation for postoperative delirium?
Authors: Rump Katharina , Holtkamp Caroline , Bergmann Lars , Nowak Hartmuth , Unterberg Matthias , Orlowski Jennifer , Thon Patrick , Bazzi Zainab , Bazzi Maha , Adamzik Michael , Koos Björn , Rahmel Tim
Published: July 2022

Midazolam is a widely used short-acting benzodiazepine. However, midazolam is also criticized for its deliriogenic potential. Since delirium is associated with a malfunction of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, midazolam appears to interfere with its proper metabolism, which can be triggered by epigenetic modifications. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that midazolam indeed changes the expression and activity of cholinergic genes by acetylcholinesterase assay and qPCR. Furthermore, we investigated the occurrence of changes in the epigenetic landscape by methylation specific PCR, ChiP-Assay and histone ELISA. In anin-vitromodel containing SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, U343 glioblastoma cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we found that midazolam altered the activity of acetylcholinesterase /buturylcholinesterase (AChE / BChE). Interestingly, the increased expression of the buturylcholinesterase evoked by midazolam was accompanied by a reduced methylation of the BCHE gene and the di-methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 and came along with an increased expression of the lysine specific demethylase KDM1A. Last, inflammatory cytokines were not induced by midazolam. In conclusion, we found a promising mechanistic link between midazolam treatment and delirium, due to a significant disruption in cholinesterase homeostasis. In addition, midazolam seems to provoke profound changes in the epigenetic landscape. Therefore, our results can contribute to a better understanding of the hitherto poorly understood interactions and risk factors of midazolam on delirium.
Assessment of hypokalemia and clinical prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 in Yangzhou, China
Authors: Yin Jiangtao , Yuan Nana , Huang Ziqiang , Hu Zhenkui , Bao Quanlei , Shao Zhenli , Mei Qiong , Xu Yong , Wang Wenli , Liu Dadong , Zhao Li , Wan Shengxia
Published: July 2022

Background

Hypokalemia is a frequent electrolyte imbalance in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate the association between hypokalemia and clinical prognosis in patients with moderate COVID-19.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted on 81 non-ICU admitted patients with moderate COVID-19 according to the criteria issued by the Chinese Health Bureau in the Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou (Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital New District Branch) from 4th to 25th August 2021. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed and collected, then the correlation between hypokalemia and prognosis was determined.

Results

The level of serum potassium of patients ranged from 2.80 mmol/L to 4.70 mmol/L. Hypokalemia was detected in 39 out of the 81 included patients (48.15%) during hospitalization. Patients with hypokalemia had prolonged days of negative nucleic acid conversion and hospital stay. Correlation analysis showed that the level of serum potassium was negatively correlated with days of negative nucleic acid conversion and length of hospital stay. Bivariate logistic regression analysis proved that hypokalemia was a risk factor for prolonged hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.

Conclusion

Hypokalemia was prevalent in patients with moderate COVID-19 in Yangzhou, China. Hypokalemia was associated with the prolonged hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Experiences of patients with common mental disorders concerning team-based primary care and a person-centered dialogue meeting: An intervention to promote return to work
Authors: Saxvik Ausra , Törnbom Karin , Petersson Eva-Lisa , Hange Dominique , Nejati Shabnam , Björkelund Cecilia , Svenningsson Irene
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Common mental disorders in combination with work-related stress are widespread in the western world, not least in Sweden. Various interactive factors, primarily work-related, have impact on the return to work process, for example; a supportive communicative function between the person on sick leave and the employer may facilitate this process. The aim was to investigate experiences of being part of a collaborative care model including a person-centered dialogue meeting with the employer and with a rehabilitation coordinator as the moderator.

Methods

A qualitative design based on individual interviews with 13 persons diagnosed with common mental disorders who participated in an extensive collaborative care model, called the Co-Work-Care model. Persons were recruited as a heterogeneous sample with respect to age, gender, work background, and time since the intervention. All interviews were analyzed with Systematic Text Condensation.

Results

Five codes synthesized the results: 1) A feeling of being taken care of, 2) Collaboration within the team was perceived as supportive, 3) An active and sensitive listener, 4) Structure and planning in the dialogue meeting, 5) The person-centered dialogue meeting was supportive and provided increased understanding.

Conclusions

Participants experienced the close collaborative contact with the care manager and the rehabilitation coordinator as highly valuable for their rehabilitation process. Participants valued a well-structured dialogue meeting that included initial planning and a thorough communication involving the patient, the employer, and coordinator. Further, participants appreciated having an active role during the meeting, also empowering the return to work process.
Characterization of regional variation of bone mineral density in the geriatric human cervical spine by quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Garay Ryan S. , Solitro Giovanni F. , Lam Kenrick C. , Morris Randal P. , Albarghouthi Abeer , Lindsey Ronald W. , Latta Loren L. , Travascio Francesco
Published: July 2022

Background

Odontoid process fractures are among the most common in elderly cervical spines. Their treatment often requires fixation, which may include use of implants anteriorly or posteriorly. Bone density can significantly affect the outcomes of these procedures. Currently, little is known about bone mineral density (BMD) distributions within cervical spine in elderly. This study documented BMD distribution across various anatomical regions of elderly cervical vertebrae.

Methods and findings

Twenty-three human cadaveric C1-C5 spine segments (14 males and 9 female, 74±9.3 y.o.) were imaged via quantitative CT-scan. Using an established experimental protocol, the three-dimensional shapes of the vertebrae were reconstructed from CT images and partitioned in bone regions (4 regions for C1, 14 regions for C2 and 12 regions for C3-5). The BMD was calculated from the Hounsfield units via calibration phantom. For each vertebral level, effects of gender and anatomical bone region on BMD distribution were investigated via pertinent statistical tools.

Data trends suggested that BMD was higher in female vertebrae when compared to male ones. In C1, the highest BMD was found in the posterior portion of the bone. In C2, BMD at the dens was the highest, followed by lamina and spinous process, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. In C3-5, lateral masses, lamina, and spinous processes were characterized by the largest values of BMD, followed by the posterior vertebral body.

Conclusions

The higher BMD values characterizing the posterior aspects of vertebrae suggest that, in the elderly, posterior surgical approaches may offer a better fixation quality.
Clinical and chest computed tomography features of patients suffering from mild and severe COVID-19 at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt
Authors: Ismail Ahmed , Doghish Ahmed S. , Elkhatib Walid F. , Magdy Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Eman E. , Ahmed Mona I. , Khalil Mahmoud A. F.
Published: July 2022

Background

In pandemic COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the prognosis of patients has been determined using clinical data and CT (computed tomography) scans, but it is still unclear whether chest CT characteristics are correlated to COVID-19 severity.

Aim

To explore the potential association between clinical data and 25-point CT score and investigate their predictive significance in COVID-19-positive patients at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt.

Methods

This study was conducted on 252 Egyptian COVID-19 patients at Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt. The patients were classified into two groups: a mild group (174 patients) and a severe group (78 patients). The results of clinical laboratory data, and CT scans of severe and mild patients, were collected, analyzed, and compared.

Results

The severe group show high significance levels of CRP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil percent, and heart rate (HR) than the mild group. Lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2) were the most observed abnormalities in severe COVID-19 patients. Lymphopenia, low SpO2 and albumin levels, elevated serum LDH, ferritin, urea, and CRP levels were found to be significantly correlated with severity CT score (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

The clinical severity of COVID-19 and the CT score are highly correlated. Our findings indicate that the CT scoring system can help to predict COVID-19 disease outcomes and has a strong correlation with clinical laboratory testing.
Effect of leptin C528T and leptin C73T polymorphisms and pregnancy on adipose tissue formation and carcass grade in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows
Authors: Dzhulamanov K. M. , Lebedev S. V. , Gerasimov Nikolay , Kolpakov V. I.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: The leptin (LEP) gene plays a role in the regulation of the activity required to obtain food, energy metabolism, and fat deposition and affects the body composition of animals. Lipogenesis is an ineffective process. A lot of energy from feed is expended on the synthesis of adipose tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms and pregnancy on adipose tissue formation and carcass grade in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows.

Materials and Methods: Heifers (n = 49) and first-calf cows (n = 30) were grouped according to their genotype for LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms at the age of 24 months. DNA samples were isolated from whole blood. Experimental animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months, and a chemical analysis of samples of longissimus dorsi muscle and ground beef was performed.

Results: The maximum internal fat weight, back-fat thickness, and fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle and ground beef were determined in heifers heterozygous for both LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms. The ranking of genotypes in terms of adipose tissue formation did not change in first-calf cows compared to heifers carrying the same LEP gene variants. Pregnancy had a more significant (p < 0.05–0.001) effect on slaughter parameters and lipogenesis in animals of different genotypes than studied polymorphisms. Heterozygosity of the LEP gene was much more strongly expressed in the carcass grade of heifers. "Prime" grades were assigned to 66.7% of carcasses heterozygous for LEP C528T and "Top Choice" to 58.8% of carcasses with LEP C73T nucleotide substitutions.

Conclusion: LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms were shown to affect the extent of fat formation in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows. Animals with heterozygous genotypes exhibited the maximum development of internal fat, back-fat, and intramuscular fat. Pregnancy had a more significant effect on slaughter parameters and adipose tissue formation than studied polymorphisms. First-calf cows had a significantly lower fat content in carcasses than heifers. These results can aid in the production of efficient mature herds of Aberdeen Angus cattle.
Revisión taxonómica del género Johnstonella (Boraginaceae s. str.) en la Argentina
Authors: Moroni Pablo , Simpson Michael G.
Published: July 2022

The available taxonomic literature on the Argentinian species of Johnstonella is far from reflecting the phylogenetic relationships of the lineage as they are known today. For this reason, an updated taxonomic treatment of the genus in Argentina is reported in this contribution. As a result, a complete synonymy is provided for the accepted species, as well as morphological descriptions, geographical distribution maps, an identification key, uses, illustrations, photographs, and estimates of their conservation status. Additionally, lectotypes are designated for the names Cryptantha capituliflora var. compacta, Cryptantha hossei, Cryptantha modesta, Eritrichium falcatum, and Myosotis albida, as well as a second-step lectotype for Eritrichium axillare.
The proPIC study weeks: experiencing transnational exchange
Authors: Schwab Götz , Oesterle Mareike
Published: July 2022

A core element of the proPIC project is the development and
implementation of the so-called study weeks: a five day face-to-face stay
abroad at one of the partner institutions in which all the participating
students took part. In this chapter, we present and discuss the results and
impact of these events which took place twice during the project. In order
to do so, we have included the overall framework of the events, as well as
assorted materials developed by the project partners to present the scope of
the various study weeks. Additionally, an overview of relevant literature
dealing with the concept of short stays abroad in teacher education
programmes will be provided.
Developing an innovative and collaborative assessment framework for
proPIC Europa
Authors: Whelan Alison , Seedhouse Paul
Published: July 2022

As discussed in Mann and Webb (2022, Chapter 1 this volume), each proPIC
partner adopted an individual approach to integrate the project requirements
into their academic programmes, using their own institute’s frameworks of
teaching and learning... However, in some instances, the creation of common
resources, frameworks, and assessment criteria can be problematic, as each
European institution in a partnership adheres to national and local
guidelines and academic programmes.
Approaches to the development of pre-service language teachers’ e-portfolios
Authors: Cuesta Azahara , Batlle Jaume , González Vicenta , Pujolà Joan-Tomàs
Published: July 2022

Pre-service training of language teachers requires tools that foster the development of teaching competences, and the construction of their teacher identities. One crucial tool in that respect is the e-portfolio. Thus, in the framework of the proPIC Europa project, the e-portfolio is a dynamic artefact in which students collate learning evidence that helps to construct their teacher identity. In this chapter, we present the concept of the e-portfolio as it has been applied in the proPIC project, together with the associated learning objectives and constituent elements. In the sections that follow, we look at the e-portfolio from the perspective of the common formative actions carried out across the participating Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the specific actions implemented in each context, which were based in the context of the overall study programme (see Hoinke & Clausen, 2022, Chapter 3 this volume). We will also present some of the outcomes, showcasing a number of e-portfolios that were constructed by the pre-service teachers participating in the project.
Personal pronouns as linguistic features in the construction of
pre-service language teacher identity
Authors: Cuesta Azahara , Batlle Jaume
Published: July 2022

One of the affordances of the proPIC project is the opportunity to
create a transnational community of teaching practice (Guo & Lei, 2019)
and to foster collaborative professional development between pre-service
language teachers at different European universities. The project also
provided a suitable framework in which pre-service teachers could engage
meaningfully in ‘identity work’ (Yazan & Lindahl, 2020). The study of
teacher identity is a key area of research into teaching-learning processes
in foreign language learning and is intrinsically necessarily linked to
professional development. Analysing this facet of teaching practice helps to
understand how pre-service teachers, from the earliest stage of their
training onwards, learn to become teachers and develop as
professionals.
Impact beyond the project: exploring engagement in proPIC Europa and
potential lasting impact on teaching studies and professional
development
Authors: Whelan Alison , Baldwin Richard
Published: July 2022

As seen in previous chapters, student involvement in the proPIC Europa
project differed at each partner university. For some, engagement rewarded
students with formal credits towards a Master’s programme. For others, the
project offered an opportunity to experience another education system and
broaden their knowledge of mobile technologies in the language learning
classroom. In this chapter, we will examine a sample of students from
Newcastle University (UNEW), UK, and the University of Borås (HB), Sweden,
to see if they observed an impact on their studies, their teaching careers,
and/or their mindset towards language learning and teaching, after the
completion of the project.