bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argumentation in Physical Chemistry
Authors: Towns Marcy H. , Cole Renée S. , Moon Alena C. , Stanford Courtney
Published: February 2019

Recent reform efforts in science education have included an emphasis on practices such as argumentation. Facilitating argumentation has been shown to improve student learning of content knowledge as well as improved critical thinking and other transferable skills, but instructors must explicitly model and support argumentation practices in order for students to use them. Across the arc of our research, we combined argumentation analysis with methodological frameworks from chemistry, the chemical thinking learning progression, and Johnstone's triangle, to provide further insight into the nature of argumentation in physical chemistry classrooms. Additionally, we adapted a framework from undergraduate mathematics education research to reveal discursive moves that faculty make to facilitate argumentation. Combining these methodological approaches was a novel way to generate greater depth in our findings, providing rich insights to inform the design and facilitation of active learning pedagogies that support student argumentation. We believe that the combination of more than one analytical framework can serve as a model for other researchers and inspire new research vistas.
Supporting Argumentation in Chemistry Education in Low-income Contexts
Authors: Msimanga Audrey , Mudadigwa Brighton
Published: February 2019

In this chapter we make the argument that argumentation is a high level form of engagement which is difficult to establish, support or sustain, particularly in constrained teaching and learning contexts such as prevail in many South African science classrooms. The South African education context is as diverse as the country's general population in terms of social, economic, cultural and linguistic differences. This diversity is partly responsible for the persistent disparate learner experiences in spite of huge government efforts towards equitable provision of education since 1994. Some of the challenges include resourcing of schools, inadequate infrastructure (large classes and crowded classrooms), teacher provision and/or preparation, learner preparedness for the grade level and poverty. Also, for various social and political reasons science is taught and learnt in English in spite of generally low learner proficiency. Using vignettes from real classroom interactions we illustrate how argumentation plays out in some chemistry classrooms. We demonstrate teacher and learner engagement in argumentation in ways that have not been reported elsewhere, both in whole class and small group discussions; how teacher questioning and response to learners’ ideas, making the rules of engagement and paying attention to language facilitated argumentation in these classrooms.
Spatiotemporal control and modeling of morphogen delivery to induce gradient patterning of stem cell differentiation using fluidic channels
Authors: O'Grady Brian , Balikov Daniel A. , Wang Jason X. , Neal Emma K. , Ou Yu-Chuan , Bardhan Rizia , Lippmann Ethan S. , Bellan Leon M.
Published: February 2019

Perfusion of channels embedded in large hydrogels creates opposing morphogen gradients, resulting in multi-differentiation of stem cells into a spectrum of cell fates.
Catalytic intramolecular hydroamination of aminoallenes using titanium complexes of chiral, tridentate, dianionic imine-diol ligands
Authors: Sha Fanrui , Mitchell Benjamin S. , Ye Christopher Z. , Abelson Chase S. , Reinheimer Eric W. , LeMagueres Pierre , Ferrara Joseph D. , Takase Michael K. , Johnson Adam R.
Published: February 2019

Earth abundant and non-toxic titanium catalysts supported by readily prepared chiral ligands catalyze hydroamination of aminoallenes that lack-protecting groups.
Mesoporous spinel CoFe2O4as an efficient adsorbent for arsenite removal from water: high efficiencyviacontrol of the particle assemblage configuration
Authors: Georgiou Yiannis , Papadas Ioannis T. , Mouzourakis Eleftherios , Skliri Euaggelia , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Deligiannakis Yiannis
Published: February 2019

A 3D mesoporous network of ∼6 nm cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized through a polymer-assisted aggregation self-assembly method, is presented.
Targeted delivery of phycocyanin for the prevention of colon cancer using electrospun fibers
Authors: Wen Peng , Hu Teng-Gen , Wen Yan , Linhardt Robert J. , Zong Min-Hua , Zou Yu-Xiao , Wu Hong
Published: February 2019

A colonic phycocyanin-loaded delivery system was constructed by coaxial electrospinning for the prevention of colon cancer.
Preliminary research on the receptor–ligand recognition mechanism of umami by an hT1R1 biosensor
Authors: Huang Yulin , Lu Dingqiang , Liu Hai , Liu Suyao , Jiang Shui , Pang Guang-chang , Liu Yuan
Published: February 2019

The biosensor reflecting the linkage of the umami signal during conduction and amplification, and the study on the receptor–ligand recognition mechanism.
2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines as isosteres of 2,2-dimethylchromans acting as inhibitors of insulin release and vascular smooth muscle relaxants
Authors: Pirotte Bernard , Florence Xavier , Goffin Eric , Lebrun Philippe
Published: February 2019

The present study describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-phenylureido/thioureido-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines as isosteres of corresponding 2,2-dimethylchromans reported as KATP channel openers.
Co-axial electrospray: a versatile tool to fabricate hybrid electron transporting materials for high efficiency and stable perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Hameed Madsar , Mahmood Khalid , Imran Muhammad , Nawaz Faisal , Mehran Muhammad Taqi
Published: February 2019

A hybrid ETM is prepared using co-axial electrospray for the first time and used as an electron transporting material for perovskite solar cells with a high efficiency of 20.27%.
A confined space pyrolysis strategy for controlling the structure of hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with high supercapacitor performance
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Lei , Yu Yifeng , Qin Yuming , Wu Haixia , Chen Aibing
Published: February 2019

Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with tunable structures and high supercapacitor performance are prepared by a facile confined space pyrolysis strategy.
Nonlinear optical response, all optical switching, and all optical information conversion in NbSe2nanosheets based on spatial self-phase modulation
Authors: Jia Yue , Liao Yunlong , Wu Leiming , Shan Youxian , Dai Xiaoyu , Cai Houzhi , Xiang Yuanjiang , Fan Dianyuan
Published: February 2019

All optical switching and all optical information conversion in NbSe2nanosheets based on spatial self-phase modulation are confirmed experimentally.
Defect-related multicolour emissions in ZnO smoke: from violet, over green to yellow
Authors: Zhang Miao , Averseng Frédéric , Haque Francia , Borghetti Patrizia , Krafft Jean-Marc , Baptiste Benoît , Costentin Guylène , Stankic Slavica
Published: February 2019

The nature of defects in ZnO smoke was studied at different stages of the material’s history by combining photoluminescence (PL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
Construction of polyporous polymer microspheres with a tailored mesoporous wall
Authors: Weng Hanqin , Wu Zhihao , Zhao Chi , Wang Mozhen , Ge Xuewu , Yamashita Shinichi , Tang Jia , Lin Mingzhang
Published: February 2019

Polymer microspheres with a novel hierarchically porous structure (inner macropores and a mesoporous wall) were fabricated by taking advantage of γ-ray-radiation-initiated dispersion polymerization.
Asymmetric construction of polycyclic indole derivatives with different ring connectivities by an organocatalysis triggered two-step sequence
Authors: Xie Chao-Chao , Tan Rui , Liu Yan-Kai
Published: February 2019

Organocatalyzed reaction sequences between hemiacetals and indole-containing nitroolefins were developed for the preparation of indole derivatives with different ring connectivities.
Modification of 3D printed PCL scaffolds by PVAc and HA to enhance cytocompatibility and osteogenesis
Authors: Ma Jingqi , Lin Lili , Zuo Yi , Zou Qin , Ren Xin , Li Jidong , Li Yubao
Published: February 2019

Effects of PVAc and HA on the surface structure of PCL and the in vivo bone repair activity of scaffolds.
Nephelauxetic effect of the hydride ligand in Sr2LiSiO4H as a host material for rare-earth-activated phosphors
Authors: Wu Tong , Ishikawa Asako , Honda Takashi , Tamatsukuri Hiromu , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya , Matsuishi Satoru
Published: February 2019

Strong nephelauxetic effect on Eu2+ ion in Sr2LiSiO4H: enhancement of Eu 5d centroid shift by hydride ligand coordination.
First-principles calculations of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of tetragonal Be12Ti
Authors: Liu Xiankun , Feng Qijie , Tang Bin , Zheng Jian , Zheng Zhou , Zhou Wei , Tian Jiting , Wang Jing
Published: February 2019

The elastic and thermodynamic properties of tetragonal Be12Ti under high temperature and pressure are investigated by first-principles calculations based on pseudopotential plane-wave DFT within the GGA and quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA).
Insights into agglomeration and separation of fly-ash particles in a sound wave field
Authors: Lu Mengshi , Fang Mengxiang , He Mingchun , Liu Shuxin , Luo Zhongyang
Published: February 2019

A high-speed camera was used to observed the acoustic agglomeration and separation processes of fly-ash particles.
Molecule design and properties of bridged 2,2-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) energetic derivatives
Authors: Jin Xinghui , Xiao Menghui , Zhou Guowei , Zhou Jianhua , Hu Bingcheng
Published: February 2019

A series of bridged 2,2-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) energetic derivatives were theoretically designed and investigated.
miR-124 and miR-142 enhance cisplatin sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells through repressing autophagy via directly targeting SIRT1
Authors: Song Xiang , Kong Fanyi , Zong Zhenfeng , Ren Mingming , Meng Qingjun , Li Yanguang , Sun Zhen
Published: February 2019

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Insights into the specific heat capacity enhancement of ternary carbonate nanofluids with SiO2nanoparticles: the effect of change in the composition ratio
Authors: Sang Lixia , Ai Wenming , Liu Tai , Wu Yuting , Ma Chongfang
Published: February 2019

The specific heat capacity of a ternary carbonate-SiO2nanofluid is enhanced by 113.7% at 540 °C.
Dynamics of a fully wetted Marangoni surfer at the fluid–fluid interface
Authors: Gidituri Harinadha , Panchagnula Mahesh V. , Pototsky Andrey
Published: February 2019

Marangoni flow created by the gradient of surface tension can be used to transport small objects along fluid interfaces.
Imbibition on a porous layer: dynamical and mechanical characterization
Authors: Léang Marguerite , Pauchard Ludovic , Lee Lay-Theng , Giorgiutti-Dauphiné Frédérique
Published: February 2019

Successive images during the imbibition of a glycerol drop on a porous system formed by drying Ludox HS-40.
Sea-urchin-like nickel–cobalt phosphide/phosphate composites as advanced battery materials for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Hai Chao , Jiang Sipeng , Xu Binghui , Huang Chenghao , Hu Yuzhen , Qin Yanliang , He Maoxia , Cao Haijie
Published: February 2019

Sea-urchin-like bimetallic nickel–cobalt phosphide/phosphate was found to show superior charge storage performance as a battery material for hybrid supercapacitors.
Bibliographic review on the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies. Recent developments and clinical applications
Authors: Jiménez Mirta , Abradelo Cristina , San Román Julio , Rojo Luis
Published: February 2019

This review brings up to date the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies, both having a promoting effect on tissue formation and a role inhibiting resorption in musculoskeletal disorders.
A skin-inspired 3D bilayer scaffold enhances granulation tissue formation and anti-infection for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Wan Wenbing , Cai Feng , Huang Jiayu , Chen Shixuan , Liao Qi
Published: February 2019

We design and fabricate a bilayer 3D scaffold inspired by the structure of skin. The top layer is made of silver loaded GelMA cryogel to prevent infection. The bottom layer is made of a PDGF-BB loaded 3D printed scaffold to promotes angiogenesis and collagen deposition to accelerate granulation tissue formation.
Antibacterial and osteogenic activity of a multifunctional microporous coating codoped with Mg, Cu and F on titanium
Authors: Zhao Quanming , Yi Lei , Hu Annan , Jiang Libo , Hong Lin , Dong Jian
Published: February 2019

As preferred materials for bone tissue repair and replacement, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely applied in clinical practice.
Using 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives to inhibit Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation
Authors: Nguyen T. Vu , Peszko Matthew T. , Melander Roberta J. , Melander Christian
Published: February 2019

Biofilm formation by mycobacteria can lead to enhanced antibiotic tolerance.
Transition-metal-free C–C σ-bond activation of α-aryl ketones and subsequent Zn-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization: synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans
Authors: Yuan Yang , Tan Hailu , Kong Lingkai , Zheng Zhong , Xu Murong , Huang Jiaqi , Li Yanzhong
Published: February 2019

Atom-economical synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans from α-aryl ketones and alkynones through base-promoted cleavage of unstrained C–C single bonds of ketones and subsequent Zn-catalyzed cyclization.
One- and two-photon responsive sulfur dioxide (SO2) donors: a combinatorial drug delivery for improved antibiotic therapy
Authors: Venkatesh Yarra , Kiran Kumari Shanti , Shah Sk. Sheriff , Chaudhuri Amrita , Dey Satyahari , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: February 2019

Light-activated sulfur dioxide donors have been developed and explored their applicability for combinatorial antibiotic therapy with self-monitoring ability.
A substituentpara-to-orthopositioning effect drives the photoreactivity of a dibenzothiophene-based oxalate series used as LED-excitable free radical photoinitiators
Authors: Pan Haiyan , Chen Siqi , Jin Ming , Malval Jean-Pierre , Wan Decheng , Morlet-Savary Fabrice
Published: February 2019

Dibenzothiophene-based oxalate derivatives were synthesized as type I photoinitiators, and their photoinitiation properties depend on the substituentpara-to-orthopositioning effect of the oxalates.
A copper-catalyzed radical coupling/fragmentation reaction: efficient access to β-oxophosphine oxides
Authors: Feng Shangbiao , Li Jinlai , He Feifei , Li Tao , Li Huilin , Wang Xiaolei , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: February 2019

The development of a novel copper-catalyzed three-component radical coupling/fragmentation cascade reaction to generate diverse β-oxophosphine oxides is reported.
Reactions of 2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin with aniline derivatives
Authors: Ren Demin , Liu Bin , Li Xiaofang , Koniarz Sebastian , Pawlicki Miłosz , Chmielewski Piotr J.
Published: February 2019

Post-synthetic modification of N-confused porphyrin (NCP) yields chiral 21-arylazo- or 3,21-bis(arylamino)-NCP in one-step, one-pot reactions of NCP with anilines.
Molecularly isolated perylene diimides enable both strong exciton–photon coupling and high photoluminescence quantum yield
Authors: Sabatini Randy P. , Zhang Bolong , Gupta Akhil , Leoni Julien , Wong Wallace W. H. , Lakhwani Girish
Published: February 2019

Sterically hindered perylene diimides allow substantial Rabi splitting (i.e. strong exciton–photon coupling) while maintaining up to 85% photoluminescence quantum yield.
Insights into the local structure of dopants, doping efficiency, and luminescence properties of lanthanide-doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Ma Ju-Ping , Chen Ya-Meng , Zhang Lu-Min , Guo Shao-Qiang , Liu Jian-Dang , Li Hong , Ye Bang-Jiao , Li Zhi-Yong , Zhou Yang , Zhang Bin-Bin , Bakr Osman M. , Zhang Jun-Ying , Sun Hong-Tao
Published: February 2019

Our results greatly deepen the understanding of the structural and photophysical properties of lanthanide-doped lead halide perovskite NCs.
Emerging awareness on the importance of skeletal muscle in liver diseases: time to dig deeper into mechanisms!
Authors: Nachit Maxime , Leclercq Isabelle A.
Published: February 2019

Skeletal muscle is a tissue that represents 30–40% of total body mass in healthy humans and contains up to 75% of total body proteins. It is thus the largest organ in non-obese subjects. The past few years have seen increasing awareness of the prognostic value of appreciating changes in skeletal muscle compartment in various chronic diseases. Hence, a low muscle mass, a low muscle function and muscle fatty infiltration are linked with poor outcomes in many pathological conditions. In particular, an affluent body of evidence links the severity, the complications and mortality of chronic liver disease (CLD) with skeletal muscle depletion. Yet it is still not clear whether low muscle mass is a cause, an aggravating factor, a consequence of the ongoing disease, or an epiphenomenon reflecting general alteration in the critically ill patient. The mechanisms by which the muscle compartment influences disease prognosis are still largely unknown. In addition, whether muscle alterations contribute to liver disease progression is an unanswered question. Here, we first review basic knowledge about muscle compartment to draw a conceptual framework for interpreting skeletal muscle alteration in CLD. We next describe recent literature on muscle wasting in cirrhosis and liver transplantation. We then discuss the implication of skeletal muscle compartment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), focusing on plausible metabolic disruption in muscle compartment that might participate in NAFLD progression. Finally, we discuss shortcomings and challenges we need to address in the near future prior to designate the muscle compartment as a therapeutic target in CLD.
Intrusive polynomial‐chaos approach for stochastic problems with axial symmetry
Authors: Zygiridis Theodoros , Papadopoulos Aristeides , Kantartzis Nikolaos , Antonopoulos Christos , Glytsis Elias N. , Tsiboukis Theodoros D.
Published: February 2019

We present and validate a computational approach that enables the quantification of time‐dependent uncertainty in axially symmetric electromagnetic (EM) problems, in the context of a unique simulation. In essence, the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, adapted to model bodies of revolution (BOR), is combined with truncated polynomial‐chaos (PC) expansions of the involved field components, so that the stochastic nature of the latter is modelled reliably, when media with random electric properties need to be considered. The developed approach features two distinct advantages: First, by exploiting the azimuthal periodicity of the investigated problems' geometry, the high computational burden of three‐dimensional (3D) simulations is reduced. Second, the large number of simulations that are normally required by Monte–Carlo (MC) methodologies for the extraction of statistical features is avoided, thanks to the integrated PC approximations. A number of numerical tests are conducted, in order to verify the validity and performance of the suggested stochastic algorithm.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by cell‐free extract of Polysiphonia algae and their anticancer activity against breast cancer MCF‐7 cell lines
Authors: Moshfegh Azam , Jalali Amir , Salehzadeh Ali , Sadeghi Jozani Amin
Published: February 2019

Green nanomaterial production techniques are desired for medicinal applications because of their biocompatibility and lack of toxic by‐products. This work reports the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate solutions using the cell‐free extract of Polysiphonia alga as a reducing agent. The visible yellow‐brown colour formation and surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy indicates the reduction of silver nitrate and biosynthesis of AgNPs. For more characterisation of green synthesised AgNPs, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis is used and the results confirmed the presence of functional groups capping in the AgNPs. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed mostly spherical AgNPs with a size range between 5 and 25 nm and the concentration of 3.1 × 106 particles/ml. The results of energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis confirmedthe presence of Ag in the synthesised nanoparticles. The MTT assay and flow cytometry are used to determine the toxicity of AgNPs against breast cancer MCF‐7 cell line and the results showed the best inhibitory activity at 100 µg/ml. Generally, green synthesis of anticancer AgNPs using filamentous red alga Polysiphonia extract can easily be scaled up for many biomedical applications such as defence against the cancerous cells.
SDO/HMI observations of the average supergranule are not compatible with separable flow models
Authors: Ferret R. Z.
Published: February 2019

Aims. Despite extensive studies carried out since its discovery half a century ago, the nature of supergranulation remains an open question in solar physics. Separability of flow models is a common assumption made in the literature to shed light on the properties of supergranules. This paper studies the ability of separable mass-conserving flow models to reproduce photospheric observations from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft corresponding to an average supergranule.

Methods. For a steady mass-conserving separable flow model to be compatible with the observations, there is an integral relation between the horizontal and vertical components of the flow. We test this relation directly on observations and compare the results with the proportionality relationship for a separable model.

Results. Observations of an average supergranule do not satisfy the condition for separability. Selecting a narrower range of horizontal scales of supergranules when performing the average does not change this result. Separable models are not consistent with observations of an average supergranule.
The effect of low-energy Ar+ irradiation on the surface of monocrystalline α-Al2O3 (0001)
Authors: Gard Faramarz Sahra , Forlerer Elena
Published: February 2019

Single crystals α-Al2O3 (0001) were exposed to the energetic Ar+-ions for two periods of 4 min with kinetic energy of 2 keV and 4 min of 5 keV at an incident angle of 45°. The samples were studied by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) before and after Ar+-ion beam exposure. The average values of the bandgap energy before and after Ar+-ion beam treatment were measured to be (7.8 ± 0.2) eV and (6.3 ± 0.2) eV, respectively. The dynamic change in the XPS spectra of the valence band (VB) region before and after Ar+-ion beam treatment were explained using the theoretical calculation of the density of state (DOS) and the molecular orbital (MO) theory. This change is attributed to the transformation of α-phase to γ-Al2O3 phase at the surface. The surface morphology of the samples before and after Ar+-ion bombardment was also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Creation of circular well-shaped nanoholes with diameters in the range of (20–550) nm was observed at the surface after exposure to 2 keV Ar+-ions. Whereas, a series of irregular nanovoids were observed on the surface of the sample which was exposed to 5 keV Ar+-ions.
Visualisierung von Bakterien auf Verbrennungswunden und
Spalthauttransplantaten nach der MEEK/MESH-Technik – Eine Pilotstudie mit ersten
Erfahrungen der klinischen Wundbeurteilung durch Autofluoreszenz
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Limbourg Anne , Strauss Sarah , Vogt Peter M.
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Tiefgradige Verbrennungen bedürfen eines frühzeitigen
Débridements und der Transplantation von Haut nach der MEEK/MESH-Technik oder
weitere rekonstruktive Operationen. Infektionen von Verbrennungswunden oder
transplantierten Arealen limitieren den chirurgischen Erfolg und erhöhen die
Mortalität. Spalthauttransplantate nach der MEEK-Technik werden mit Textilien
als Träger transplantiert und ähnlich der MESH-Technik mit einem
Schaumstoff-Überknüpfer fixiert. Die Auflage dieser Fremdmaterialien wird in der
Regel fünf Tage belassen. Dieses Fremdmaterial könnte jedoch potentiell eine
Brutstätte für Bakterien und Erreger darstellen. Eine Identifikation von
drohenden Infektionen und die frühzeitige Identifizierung einer erhöhten
Bakterienlast bei Verbrennungswunden durch die Darstellung mittels der
Autofluoreszenz (AF) sind hilfreich, um Wunden adäquat zu beurteilen und
Hauttransplantate zu sichern.

Material und Methoden Zur Charakterisierung von Verbrennungswunden, die
mit Spalthaut nach der MEEK/MESH Technik gedeckt wurden und mit
Schaumstoff-Überknüpfer behandelt wurden, erfolgte die Darstellung der
Erregerlast mittels MolecuLight i:X™. Es erfolgte zusätzlich die Bildgebung
mittels einer Digitalkamera und die Bestimmung der Erreger mit mikrobiologischen
Abstrichen. Mit dieser Pilotstudie wird die Besiedlung von Fremdmaterialien auf
Verbrennungswunden sowie die diagnostische Wertigkeit der Autofluoreszenz im
Vergleich zur klinischen Wundbeurteilung bei Verbrennungswunden geprüft.

Ergebnisse Wir untersuchten Verbrennungswunden (n = 14) von drei
intensivmedizinischen Patienten. Es erfolgte die Unterteilung in insgesamt 53
Wundareale. Die MolecuLight i:X™ Kamera zeigte eine starke Besiedlung der
transplantierten Areale und Fremdmaterialien, korrespondierend zu den
mikrobiologischen Befunden. Die MEEK-Transplantationen heilten zu 90 % im
Vergleich zu MESH-transplantierten Arealen mit etwa 60 % ein. Es zeigte sich ein
positiv prädiktiver Wert von 81,8 % der AF. Der negativ prädiktive Wert betrug
90,3 % bei einer Sensitivität von 86,7 % und einer Spezifität von 87,5 %.

Schlussfolgerung Die Dauer des Belassens von Fremdmaterial sollte auf die
kürzeste Zeit begrenzt werden.Die Darstellung der Erregerlast mittels AF zeigt
eine starke Besiedlung sowohl bei der MEEK-Technik mit der Seidenschicht als
auch bei der MESH-Technik mit dem Schaumstoff-Überknüpfer. Die real-time
Darstellung der Verbrennungswunden mittels AF kann durch die hohe Sensitivität
und Spezifität eine gezielte Intervention an der Verbrennungsoberfläche
ermöglichen.
Simulation in Angiography – Experiences from 5 Years Teaching, Training, and Research
Authors: Kreiser Kornelia , Gehling Kim , Zimmer Claus
Published: February 2019

Purpose The example of university radiology/neuroradiology illustrates how high-tech angiography simulators can be used meaningfully in teaching, clinical training and research.

Materials and Methods/Technical Basics A VIST LAB simulator (Mentice, Gothenburg, Sweden), which has been continuously developed both in terms of software and hardware, has been in use since 2013. Recently, the simulator has been integrated into the angiography suite Azurion (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands).

Results/Areas of Application In student education there is the possibility for intensive examination of cerebrovascular diseases and their therapy in small group lessons. The training of beginners in diagnostic and interventional angiography begins mandatorily on the simulator. Research questions are the proof of validity and the training effect, but also the influence on patient safety and the possible cost reduction of an intervention.

Conclusion As a result of continuous further development in recent years, simulators are now very well suited for both student teaching and beginner medical training. In the future, even experienced interventionalists could benefit from further technical advances, which should also be driven by academic research. Possible effects would be the reduction of examination times, complications and costs.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Das Merkelzellkarzinom: Ätiopathogenese und Management
Authors: Heitmann J. , Houben R. , Schrama D. , Goebeler M. , Gesierich A. , Schilling B.
Published: February 2019

Das Merkelzellkarzinom (MCC) ist ein seltenes Malignom mit neuroendokriner Differenzierung, an dem v. a. ältere und immunsupprimierte Patienten erkranken. Die Inzidenz des Tumors nimmt weiter zu; die Prognose ist mit einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von 0 – 18 % im Stadium III und IV schlecht. Ein Zusammenhang mit dem Merkelzell-Polyoma-Virus oder einer vermehrten UV-Exposition gelten als gesichert. Das MCC präsentiert sich als solitärer, derber, kuppelförmiger, schnell wachsender Tumor. Die Diagnose wird mittels histologischer und immunhistochemischer Untersuchungen gestellt. 2017 wurde von der UICC eine neue Stadieneinteilung basierend auf der TNM-Klassifikation erstellt. Die Prognose ist stark abhängig vom Tumorstadium bei Erstdiagnose, weshalb entsprechende Staginguntersuchungen durchgeführt werden sollten. Therapeutisch steht, sofern möglich, die komplette Exzision des Tumors mit ausreichendem Sicherheitsabstand und ggf. die Exstirpation von Lymphknotenmetastasen im Vordergrund. Anschließend sollte eine Radiatio des Tumorbetts und der Lymphabflussbahnen erfolgen. In metastasierten Stadien hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Immuntherapie als Therapie der Wahl herauskristallisiert; die Chemotherapie spielt seitdem eine zunehmend geringere Rolle. So zeigten prospektive Studien mit Pembrolizumab vielversprechende Ergebnisse mit einer Ansprechrate von 56 % und einem progressionsfreien Überleben nach 6 Monaten von 67 %. Seit Oktober 2017 ist mit Avelumab, einem anti-PD-L1-Antikörper, die erste Immuntherapie zur Behandlung des metastasierten MCC in Deutschland zugelassen. Da die Therapie des metastasierten MCC trotz dieser innovativen Behandlungsansätze auch weiterhin als palliativ anzusehen ist, sollten frühzeitig zusätzlich palliative und psychoonkologische Therapiekonzepte miteinbezogen werden. Nach abgeschlossener Tumortherapie sollten regelmäßige Nachsorgeuntersuchungen erfolgen, um frühzeitig Rezidive oder Metastasen zu detektieren.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg: Geschichte und Gegenwart
Authors: Olk J. , Hamm H. , Bröcker E.-B. , Goebeler M.
Published: February 2019

Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die fast 150 Jahre lange Geschichte der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg und ihrer Vorgängerinstitutionen von der Gründung bis zur Gegenwart. Dargestellt werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungsschritte von den ersten dermatologischen Vorlesungsinhalten im späten 18. Jahrhundert über die erste eigene Abteilung für Hautkrankheiten in Würzburg im Jahre 1872, die mit dem 1921 erfolgten Bezug des Luitpoldkrankenhauses verbundene Erweiterung des Fachgebiets, die Wirren in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und die Modernisierungen in der Nachkriegszeit bis hin zum aktuellen Stand als Klinik der universitären Maximalversorgung mit krankheitsorientierter molekularbiologischer und immunologischer Forschung und Lehre.
Nicht-invasive Korrektur angeborener Ohrfehlbildungen mit dem EarWell Infant Ear Correction System: Eine prospektive Studie
Authors: Schratt Johanna , Kuegler Paul , Binter Anja , Rab Matthias
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Ohrmuscheldeformitäten treten bei bis zu 5 % aller Neugeborenen auf. Eine Modellierung des Ohrknorpels ist in den ersten 6 Lebenswochen möglich, da sich bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt mütterliches Östrogen im Kreislauf der Säuglinge befindet. Im Kindes- und Jugendalter können zahlreiche chirurgische Methoden zur Ohrkorrektur angeboten werden. Seit einigen Jahren steht nun das EarWell™ Infant Ear Correction System als modulares System zur Therapie frühkindlicher Ohrfehlbildungen zur Verfügung, welches sich die Formbarkeit des Ohrknorpels in den ersten sechs Lebenswochen zu Nutze macht.

Patienten und Methoden Insgesamt 19 Neugeborene wurden in diese prospektive Studie inkludiert. Folgende Ohrmuscheldeformitäten wurden behandelt: Tassenohr, Spock-Ohr, Schlappohr, Stahlohrdeformität, fehlende Helix- oder Anthelixausformung. Die Ergebnisse wurden 2 Jahre nach Anwendung des EarWell™ Systems reevaluiert. Die klinische Beurteilung erfolgte durch 2 unabhängige Untersucher anhand von prä- und postinterventionellen Bildern. Folgende Parameter wurden zusätzlich erhoben: Anwendungsdauer, Komplikationen, Elternzufriedenheit, Vergleich der Kosten des EarWell™ Systems mit den Kosten einer Ohranlegeplastik.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 32 Ohren bei 19 Neugeborenen mit dem EarWell™ System behandelt. Davon waren 63 % männlich und 37 % weiblich. Mit der Anpassung wurde innerhalb der 1.–3. Lebenswoche begonnen. Die durchschnittliche Anwendungsdauer lag zwischen 12–28 Tagen. Die Komplikationsrate lag bei 1,3 %. Die klinischen Ergebnisse wurden von den Untersuchern wie folgt beurteilt: 23 % sehr zufrieden, 35 % zufriedenstellend, 30 % befriedigend, 3 % weniger zufriedenstellend und 9 % gar nicht zufriedenstellend. 95 % der Eltern würden einer neuerlichen EarWell™ System-Anwendung zustimmen. Die Kosten für das EarWell™ System liegen bei € 660,– und für eine Ohranlegeplastik in Allgemeinnarkose bei € 2826,–.

Schlussfolgerung Ohrdeformitäten lassen sich mithilfe des EarWell™ Systems innerhalb der ersten sechs Lebenswochen sehr gut behandeln. Einer Operation im höheren Alter sowie einem sozialen Stress kann somit frühzeitig entgegengewirkt werden. Einen weiteren Vorteil stellen die niedrigen Kosten im Vergleich zur Ohranlegeplastik dar.
Association of the PNPLA2, SCD1 and Leptin Expression with Fat
Distribution in Liver and Adipose Tissue From Obese Subjects
Authors: Cruz-Color Lucía De la , Hernández-Nazará Zamira Helena , Maldonado-González Montserrat , Navarro-Muñíz Eliseo , Domínguez-Rosales José Alfredo , Torres-Baranda José Rodrigo , Ruelas-Cinco Elizabeth del Carmen , Ramírez-Meza Sandra Margarita , Ruíz-Madrigal Bertha
Published: February 2019

The expansion of adipose tissue is regulated by insulin and leptin
through sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
(SREBP-1c), up-regulating lipogenesis in tissues by Stearoylcoenzyme
A desaturase 1 (SCD1) enzyme, while adipose triglyceride
lipase (ATGL) enzyme is key in lipolysis. The research
objective was to evaluate the expression of Sterol Regulatory
Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 (SREBF1), SCD1, Patatin
Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 2 (PNPLA2), and leptin
(LEP) genes in hepatic-adipose tissue, and related
them with the increment and distribution of fat depots of individuals
without insulin resistance. Thirty-eight subjects undergoing elective
cholecystectomy with liver and adipose tissue biopsies (subcutaneous-omental)
are included. Tissue gene expression was assessed by qPCR and biochemical
parameters determined. Individuals are classified according to the body mass
index, classified as lean (control group, n=12), overweight
(n=11) and obesity (n=15). Abdominal adiposity was determined
by anthropometric and histopathological study of the liver. Increased
SCD1 expression in omental adipose tissue (p=0.005) and
PNPLA2 in liver (p=0.01) were found in the obesity group.
PNPLA2 decreased expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was
significant in individuals with abdominal adiposity (p=0.017).
Anthropometric parameters positively correlated with liver PNPLA2 and the
expression of liver PNPLA2 with serum leptin. SCD1 increased
levels may represent lipid storage activity in omental adipose tissue. Liver
PNPLA2 increased expression could function as a primary
compensatory event of visceral fat deposits associated to the leptin
hormone related to the increase of adipose tissue.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces Postoperative Blood Loss in Distal Femoral Osteotomy
Authors: Steinhaus Michael E. , Buksbaum Joshua , Eisenman Avraham , Kohli Monal , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert
Published: February 2019

Blood loss remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in orthopaedic surgery, with transfusions associated with an increased risk of infection, length of stay, delayed rehabilitation, and significantly increased hospitalization costs. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective in reducing postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing distal femoral osteotomy (DFO). A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing DFO by a single surgeon from 2010 to 2017, with a change in protocol occurring in 2014, after which all patients received TXA. Patients in the TXA group (n = 24) received 1-g TXA immediately prior to incision followed by a second dose of 1-g TXA 4 hours after the administration of the first dose. Patients in the control group (n = 28) did not receive TXA. Drainage was recorded through a subfascial drain that remained for 24 hours postoperatively. Postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, and transfusions, as well as demographic factors, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), medical comorbidities, and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class, were recorded. Multivariate regression analysis adjusting for potential confounding variables was performed. With the exception of gender, the two groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics, including age, BMI, and ASA class. There was a significant difference in postoperative blood loss, with those receiving TXA having a mean drain output of 184.2 versus 242.1 mL for the control group (p = 0.02), which persisted after regression analysis (p < 0.005). Blood loss differed between patients who received one (250 mL) dose and those who received two (162.2 mL) doses of TXA, although this difference was insignificant (p = 0.489). There were no differences in postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. One patient (control group) required blood transfusion postoperatively. There were no complications related to TXA. In conclusion, TXA results in less postoperative blood loss in DFO, with the most pronounced effect in those who receive two doses. Future research should involve a larger, prospective study to assess for differences in postoperative hemoglobin/hematocrit levels and transfusion rates.
Effect of magnetic field tapering on whistler pumped free electron laser
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: February 2019

An analytical formalism of whistler pumped free electron laser (FEL) with tapered magnetic field is developed. The tapering raises the efficiency of the device to 7% for typical parameters. The frequency and power of the FEL can be controlled by tuning the plasma density and/or magnetic field also by increasing the energy of electron beam. The angle of injection of electron beam is very crucial for higher efficiency of FEL. Presence of plasma ensures the space charge and current neutralization and larger power handling capacity of the device.
Nanoscale fingerprinting with hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Huang Zhengyu , Norris Theodore B. , Narimanov Evgenii
Published: February 2019

We develop a new concept for optical sub-wavelength discrimination of nanostructures positioned on a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) surface using only far-field measurements of the spectral scattered intensity. The device demonstrating our approach consists of an HMM structure, one strong scatterer on top of the HMM at an a priori known location, and the target nanostructures to be sensed on the opposite interface of the HMM. Under far-field illumination from the top, highly localized beams are generated within the HMM by the top scatterer, with wavelength-dependent propagation directions. If the incident wavelength is varied, the localized beam will sweep across the target(s) and the far-field scattered intensity versus wavelength from the bottom target(s) can be measured. We show that this far-field measurement can be used to determine the location of the target(s) with deep-subwavelength accuracy. In addition, discrimination of targets made from different materials can be achieved.
Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids in the extreme ultraviolet at 500 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Puppin M. , Deng Y. , Nicholson C. W. , Feldl J. , Schröter N. B. M. , Vita H. , Kirchmann P. S. , Monney C. , Rettig L. , Wolf M. , Ernstorfer R.
Published: February 2019

Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) employing a 500 kHz extreme-ultraviolet light source operating at 21.7 eV probe photon energy is reported. Based on a high-power ytterbium laser, optical parametric chirped pulse amplification, and ultraviolet-driven high-harmonic generation, the light source produces an isolated high-harmonic with 110 meV bandwidth and a flux of more than 1011 photons/s on the sample. Combined with a state-of-the-art ARPES chamber, this table-top experiment allows high-repetition rate pump-probe experiments of electron dynamics in occupied and normally unoccupied (excited) states in the entire Brillouin zone and with a temporal system response function below 40 fs.
Crystal structure and optical performance in bulk γ-InSe single crystals
Authors: Wu Min , Xie Qiyun , Wu Yizhang , Zheng Jiajin , Wang Wei , He Liang , Wu Xiaoshan , Lv Bin
Published: February 2019

High purity γ-phase InSe single crystals have been synthesized and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM. Detailed temperature dependent Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy suggests a small blue-shift as temperature decreases. The corresponding blue shift in Raman and photoluminescence can be explained in terms of self-energy and the lattice parameter change induced variation of band gap, respectively. Moreover, bulk InSe exhibits photoresponsivity in a wide spectrum from 400 to 990 nm. The maximum photoresponsivity reaches up to 8.82 mA/W under the wavelength of 800 nm, which is consistent with high absorption at the wavelength.
The lower limit of thermal conductivity in multicomponent solutions of rare gas solids
Authors: Konstantinov V. A. , Karachevtseva A. V. , Revyakin V. P. , Sagan V. V.
Published: February 2019

The isochoric thermal conductivity of Kr0.63Xe0.37 solid solution has been investigated for three samples with different molar volumes in the temperature range from 80 K to the onset of melting, as well as the thermal conductivity of the ternary (Kr0.63Ar0.185Xe0.185) and quaternary (Kr0.63Ar0.12Xe0.12(CH4)0.13) solid solutions. It is found that for multi-component alloys, the thermal conductivity reaches a minimum, whereby adding more impurity atoms in the solid solution does not affect the thermal conductivity in agreement with the recent nonequilibrium molecular dynamics calculations for argon. The phonon contribution to the total thermal conductivity depends significantly on molar volume of sample and impurity concentration, in contrast to the contribution of diffusive modes, which is practically independent of these factors.
Simultaneous thermodynamic and dynamical characterisation using in situ calorimetry with neutron spectroscopy
Authors: Fornalski D. , García Sakai V. , Postorino S. , Silverwood I. , Goodway C. , Bones J. , Kirichek O. , Fernandez-Alonso F.
Published: February 2019

Both Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) are powerful analytical tools actively used in studies of phase transitions in complex solid and liquid systems. DSC is typical­ly used to map phase transition temperatures and identify sample states, and QENS provides information on the molecular scale dynamical motions, such as molecular self-diffusion or glassy dynamics, associated with such transitions. Both techniques provide highly valuable complementary information about the sample and in many cases it would be advantageous to measure in parallel with a view to linking the two observables. The biggest challenge is that the cell design which differs greatly between the two methods. Here we present a first attempt at designing a cryogenic system which will allow the simultaneous measurement of calorimetric transitions and QENS measurements, as tested on the neutron spectrometer IRIS at ISIS neutron scattering facility. The system temperature range is from 10 K to 300 K. We present and discuss the initial design of the system, preliminary test results, current challenges and limitations, and future directions.
Theoretical study of “trapping sites” in cryogenic rare gas solids doped with β-dicarbonyl molecules
Authors: Rojas-Lorenzo G. , Lara-Moreno M. , Gutierrez-Quintanilla A. , Chevalier M. , Crépin C.
Published: February 2019

A deposition model to simulate the growth of doped rare gas crystals is used. The study involves organic molecules with a single intramolecular hydrogen bond such as malonaldehyde, 2chloromalonaldehyde and acetylacetone as impurities. Different trapping sites were obtained depending on the rare gas properties for a given impurity, and depending on the molecular size and shape for a given crystal. Simulations were carried out by using classical molecular dynamics methods including an anharmonic thermal correction, to take into account the zero point movement of the crystal. The results are correlated to spectroscopic data previously achieved for these systems by steady state IR spectroscopy.
The low-temperature specific heat of MWCNTs
Authors: Sumarokov V. V. , Jeżowski A. , Szewczyk D. , Bagatski M. I. , Barabashko M. S. , Ponomarev A. N. , Kuznetsov V. L. , Moseenkov S. I.
Published: February 2019

The specific heat of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a low defectiveness and with a low content of inorganic impurities has been measured in the temperature range from 1.8 to 275 K by the thermal relaxation method. The elemental composition and morphology of the MWCNTs were determined using scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy. The MWCNTs were prepared by chemical catalytic vapor deposition and have mean diameters from 7 nm up to 18 nm and lengths in some tens of microns. MWCNTs purity is over 99.4 at.%. The mass of the samples ranged from 2–4 mg. It was found that the temperature dependence of the specific heat of the MWCNTs differs significantly from other carbon materials (graphene, bundles of SWCNTs, graphite, diamond) at low temperatures. The specific heat of MWCNTs systematically decreases with increasing diameter of the tubes at low temperatures. The character of the temperature dependence of the specific heat of the MWCNTs with different diameters demonstrates the manifestation of different dimensions from 1D to 3D, depending on the temperature regions. The crossover temperatures are about 6 and 40 K. In the vicinity of these temperatures, a hysteresis is observed.
Stage-dependent cardiac regeneration inXenopusis regulated by thyroid hormone availability
Authors: Marshall Lindsey N. , Vivien Céline J. , Girardot Fabrice , Péricard Louise , Scerbo Pierluigi , Palmier Karima , Demeneix Barbara A. , Coen Laurent
Published: February 2019

Significance

Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac regeneration studies currently focus on zebrafish, urodeles, and mammals, bypassing the amphibianXenopus laevis, despite being considered as a leading model for regeneration research. We thus took advantage ofX. laevisas a model to explore thyroid hormone (TH) influence on the cardiac regenerative process. We suggest a possible link between altered TH availability and the loss of cardiac regenerative capacity. Examining heart regeneration inXenopusprovides insight into how TH levels may contribute to the enigmatic loss of cardiac regeneration during vertebrate development, suggesting potential therapeutic leads of major biomedical and fundamental relevance for the development of future regenerative strategies, and ultimately to provide therapies for the human heart.