bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of lunar dust simulant on cardiac function and fibrosis in rats
Authors: Sun Yan , Zhang Lu , Liu Jinguo , Zhang Xiaoping , Su Yan , Yin Quanling , He Shuangxi
Published: May 2019

LDS exposure causes systemic inflammatory lesions that affect autonomic function, leading to inflammatory myocardial fibrosis, and its mechanisms involve the mediation of the Nrf2/NOX4 redox balance.
Improving quantitative control and homogeneous distribution of samples on paper-based analytical devices via drop-on-demand inkjet printing
Authors: Liu Meng-Meng , Lian Xin , Guo Zi-Zhen , Liu Hui , Lei Yun , Chen Yao , Chen Wei , Lin Xin-Hua , Liu Ai-Lin , Xia Xing-Hua
Published: May 2019

A standard desktop printer with multiple ink cartridges can accurately deposit a broad variety of biomaterials on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) which have been extensively applied to environmental monitoring and screening of food and beverage contamination.
Imaging-guided focused ultrasound-induced thermal and sonodynamic effects of nanosonosensitizers for synergistic enhancement of glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Wan Qian , Zou Chao , Hu Dehong , Zhou Jun , Chen Mengjie , Tie Changjun , Qiao Yangzi , Yan Fei , Cheng Chuanli , Sheng Zonghai , Zhang Bing , Liu Xin , Liang Dong , Zheng Hairong
Published: May 2019

Ultrasound-induced thermal and sonodynamic effects for the synergetic enhancement of glioblastoma therapy.
Homogeneous probing of lipase and α-amylase simultaneously by AIEgens
Authors: Shi Jie , Deng Qianchun , Li Ya , Zheng Zhe , Shangguan Huijuan , Li Lu , Huang Fenghong , Tang Bo
Published: May 2019

An AIE dual-reactive supramolecular probe has been devised to simultaneously measure endogenous lipase and α-amylase activity in a homogeneous system. Fluorescence quantitative analysis of lipase and α-amylase in real biological samples enables rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases.
Co-crystal LiCl·(H3C3N3O3): a promising solar-blind nonlinear optical crystal with giant nonlinearity from coplanar π-conjugated groups
Authors: Liang Fei , Wang Naizheng , Liu Xiaomeng , Lin Zheshuai , Wu Yicheng
Published: May 2019

Co-crystal LiCl·(H3C3N3O3) with the largest SHG coefficient among all solar-blind nonlinear optical crystals was studied by first principles calculations.
Long- and short-range structures of Ti1−xHfxNi1.0/1.1Sn half-Heusler compounds and their electric transport properties
Authors: Guzik Matylda N. , Schrade Matthias , Tofan Raluca , Carvalho Patricia A. , Berland Kristian , Sørby Magnus H. , Persson Clas , Gunnæs Anette E. , Hauback Bjørn C.
Published: May 2019

Experimental study reveals the apparent ordered arrangement of excess Ni at the nominally vacant sublattice in thermoelectric Ti1−xHfxNi1.0/1.1Sn half-Heusler compounds.
Low temperature epitaxy of tungsten–telluride heterostructure films
Authors: Vermeulen Paul Alexander , Momand Jamo , Kooi Bart Jan
Published: May 2019

Single-crystal like WTe2 films are grown by exploiting van der Waals epitaxy at low temperatures, using pulsed laser deposition.
Isoreticular Tp*–W–Cu–S cluster-based one-dimensional coordination polymers with an uncommon [Tp*WS3Cu2] + [Cu] combination and their third-order nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Liu Quan , Xu Hong-Juan , Yu Li-Ce , Lu Ming-Jie , Shang Yan-Fang , Song Ying-Lin , Zhang Wen-Hua , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: May 2019

Three isoreticular W/Cu/S 1D coordination polymers show good third-order NLO performance.
Theoretical study on lithiation mechanism of benzoquinone-based macrocyclic compounds as cathode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng , Miao Licheng , Ma Mingyue , Liu Luojia , Chen Jun
Published: May 2019

The lithiation mechanism of C4Q cathode has been revealed by redox potential correction and condensed Fukui function.
Role of native defects and the effects of metal additives on the kinetics of magnesium borohydride
Authors: Huang Zhuonan , Wang Yuqi , Wang Di , Yang Fusheng , Wu Zhen , Wu Le , Zhang Zaoxiao
Published: May 2019

The formation and migration of Mgi2+ are the rate-limiting processes for decomposing Mg(BH4)2.
Red-shifted delayed fluorescence at the expense of photoluminescence quantum efficiency – an intramolecular charge-transfer molecule based on a benzodithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor
Authors: Montanaro Stephanie , Gillett Alexander J. , Feldmann Sascha , Evans Emrys W. , Plasser Felix , Friend Richard H. , Wright Iain A.
Published: May 2019

A donor–acceptor compound using a thiophene based quinone acceptor displays strongly red-shifted delayed emission but limited quantum efficiency.
Study of synergistic effect between CuO and CeO2 over CuO@CeO2 core–shell nanocomposites for NH3-SCO
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Hui , Jiang Xiao , Sun Hongchun , Qu Zhenping
Published: May 2019

CuO@CeO2 core–shell nanocomposites were fabricated and applied in NH3-SCO. Synergistic effect of CuO–CeO2 promotes the formation of the Cu–O–Ce structure, which is beneficial to N2 selectivity.
Let food be your medicine: nutraceutical properties of lycopene
Authors: Grabowska Małgorzata , Wawrzyniak Dariusz , Rolle Katarzyna , Chomczyński Piotr , Oziewicz Stefan , Jurga Stefan , Barciszewski Jan
Published: May 2019

In this review, we highlight research and clinical trials involving lycopene and its impact on human health.
Niobium oxide dihalides NbOX2: a new family of two-dimensional van der Waals layered materials with intrinsic ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
Authors: Jia Yinglu , Zhao Min , Gou Gaoyang , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Li Ju
Published: May 2019

A new group of two-dimensional layered materials with intrinsic ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity are identified through first-principles calculations.
A new efficient domino approach for the synthesis of coumarin-pyrazolines as antimicrobial agents targeting bacteriald-alanine-d-alanine ligase
Authors: Chate Asha V. , Redlawar Ankita A. , Bondle Giribala M. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Tiwari Shailee V. , Lokwani Deepak K.
Published: May 2019

The inhibition ofd-alanine-d-alanine ligase (Ddl) prevents bacterial growth, which makes this enzyme an attractive and viable target in the urgent search for novel effective antimicrobial drugs.
Biocompatible bovine serum albumin stabilized platinum nanoparticles for the oxidation of morin
Authors: Yu Shuqian , Cui Yanshuai , Guo Xiaolei , Chen Shengfu , Sun Haotian , Wang Longgang , Wang Jing , Zhao Yu , Liu Zhiwei
Published: May 2019

Bovine serum albumin stabilized platinum nanoparticles promoted the formation of ˙OH from H2O2to catalyze the oxidation of morin.
Electrochemistry-related aspects of safety of graphene-based non-aqueous electrochemical supercapacitors: a case study with MgO-decorated few-layer graphene as an electrode material
Authors: Petnikota Shaikshavali , Srikanth Vadali V. S. S. , Toh Jun Jie , Srinivasan Madhavi , Bobba Chowdari V. R. , Adams Stefan , Reddy Mogalahalli V.
Published: May 2019

Composites such as MgO/few-layered graphene can be used as electrode materials in supercapacitors with aqueous electrolytes but not non-aqueous electrolytes.
Functional π-conjugated tetrathiafulvalene decorated with benzothiadiazole organic sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Duvva Naresh , Reddy Govind , Singh Surya Prakash , Chowdhury Towhid H. , Bedja Idriss , Islam Ashraful , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: May 2019

We report a series of extended-π conjugated tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) based sensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) application.
In vitro and in vivo activity of novel platinum(ii) complexes with naphthalene imide derivatives inhibiting human non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Huang Guo-Bao , Chen Shan , Qin Qi-Pin , Luo Jin-Rong , Tan Ming-Xiong , Wang Zhen-Feng , Zou Bi-Qun , Liang Hong
Published: May 2019

3 induced NCI-H460 cell apoptosis via inhibition of the telomerase and dysfunction of mitochondria. Remarkably, 3 obviously inhibited NCI-H460 xenograft tumor growth in vivo.
Black phosphorus–polypyrrole nanocomposites for high-performance photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Su Chengkang , Zhong Huiqing , Chen Haolin , Guo Yanxian , Guo Zhouyi , Huang Deqiu , Zhang Wen , Wu Qiang , Yang Biwen , Liu Zhiming
Published: May 2019

Black phosphorus–polypyrrole nanosheets with superimposed NIR absorption have been fabricated as the novel nanotherapeutic agent for enhanced NIR photothermal cancer therapy in vitro and in vivo.
SnO2@rice husk cellulose composite as an anode for superior lithium ion batteries
Authors: Hu Zhiqing , Xu Xinfeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Yu Kaifeng , Hou Jiazi , Liang Ce
Published: May 2019

The RHC 3D-network structure effectively alleviates the volume expansion of the SnO2-based anode material and exhibits extraordinary electrochemical performance.
Highly efficient structurally characterised novel precatalysts: di- and mononuclear heteroleptic Cu(i) dixanthate/xanthate–phosphine complexes for azide–alkyne cycloadditions
Authors: Anamika Anamika , Agrahari Anand K. , Manar Krishna K. , Yadav Chote Lal , Tiwari Vinod K. , Drew Michael G. B. , Singh Nanhai
Published: May 2019

Prominent catalytic activities of novel di- and mononuclear Cu(i) xanthate/phosphine complexes have been investigated for the synthesis of triazolyl glycoconjugates using Click approach.
Sulfur atom containing ligands induced rapid room temperature synthesis of red iridium(iii) complexes with Ir–S–P–S structures for OLEDs
Authors: Su Ning , Yang Hui-Qing , Zheng You-Xuan , Chen Zhao-Xu
Published: May 2019

Two red iridium(iii) complexes containing a four-membered ring Ir–S–P–S backbone were synthesized at room temperature in 5 min, and their OLEDs exhibit an EQEmax of 19.90%.
A mononuclear dysprosium(iii) single-molecule magnet with a non-planar metallacrown
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Feng , Chen Ming-Guang , Tong Jia-Ping , Shao Feng
Published: May 2019

This work demonstrates an unusual mononuclear DyIII single-molecule magnet with a non-planar metallacrown which formed by diamagnetic GaIII ions.
Simultaneously enhanced discharge energy density and efficiency in nanocomposite film capacitors utilizing two-dimensional NaNbO3@Al2O3 platelets
Authors: Pan Zhongbin , Ding Qiling , Yao Lingmin , Huang Shuangwu , Xing Shuang , Liu Jinjun , Chen Jianwen , Zhai Jiwei
Published: May 2019

Nanocomposite films loaded with small 2D NaNbO3@Al2O3 platelets exhibit a high discharge energy density of 14.59 J cm−3 and simultaneously an outstanding discharge efficiency of 70.1%.
Low-temperature pseudomorphic transformation of polyhedral MIL-88A to lithium ferrite (LiFe3O5) in aqueous LiOH medium toward high Li storage
Authors: Hu Xiaoshi , Xiang Shuyan , Sun Hao , Lou Xiaobing , Xiong Qinqin , Lu Xiaoxiao , Qin Haiying , Ji Zhenguo , Hu Bingwen
Published: May 2019

Low-temperature pseudomorphic transformation of polyhedral MIL-88A to cubic lithium ferrite (LiFe3O5) in aqueous LiOH medium toward high Li storage.
Base-promoted regiodivergent allylation of N-acylhydrazones with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates by tuning the catalyst
Authors: Sun Fang , Yin Tingrui , Feng Anni , Hu Yong , Yu Chenxia , Li Tuanjie , Yao Changsheng
Published: May 2019

A catalyst-controlled regiodivergent allylation reaction of N-acylhydrazones (NAHs) with Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates has been developed, paving a new avenue for the diversification of NAH.
Functional protein materials: beyond elastomeric and structural proteins
Authors: Carter Nathan A. , Grove Tijana Z.
Published: May 2019

In the past two decades researchers have shown great interest in mimicking biological structures and their complex structure–property relationships. Herein we highlight examples of hydrogels and bioelectronic materials that illustrate the rational design of material properties and function.
Tumor-targeting intracellular drug delivery based on dual acid/reduction-degradable nanoassemblies with ketal interface and disulfide core locations
Authors: Jazani Arman Moini , Arezi Newsha , Shetty Chaitra , Hong Sung Hwa , Li Haowen , Wang Xiangtao , Oh Jung Kwon
Published: May 2019

Dual acid/reduction-degradable block copolymer nanoassemblies both at core/corona interfaces and in micellar cores leading to synergistic and accelerated drug release for robust tumor-targeting intracellular drug delivery.
Divergent synthesis of 3-substituted thieno[3,4-b]thiophene derivatives via hydroxy-based transformations
Authors: Zhou Yue , Hao Jie , Zhao Dongbing
Published: May 2019

Modular assembly of 3-substituted thieno[3,4-b]thiophenes: we have developed the first Pd-catalytic method to access 3-hydroxythieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate, which can be widely utilized for modular assembly of structurally diverse 3-substituted thieno[3,4-b]thiophene derivatives.
Boosting NIR-driven photocatalytic water splitting by constructing 2D/3D epitaxial heterostructures
Authors: Wang Li , Cui Dandan , Ren Long , Zhou Jiajia , Wang Fan , Casillas Gilberto , Xu Xun , Peleckis Germanas , Hao Weichang , Ye Jinhua , Dou Shi Xue , Jin Dayong , Du Yi
Published: May 2019

YF3:Yb, Tm@BiOCl possesses epitaxial heterostructure, which can quantitatively activate multiple energy transfer channels including excited-state energy transfer and fluorescence reabsorption, and then promote the NIR-driven photocatalytic properties.
High-conductivity electrolyte gate dielectrics based on poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate)/ionic liquid
Authors: Lee Donghui , Jung Yunji , Ha Myeongjin , Ahn Hyungju , Lee Keun Hyung , Seo Myungeun
Published: May 2019

Self-assembly of a statistical copolymer in an ionic liquid renders mechanical integrity and ionic conductivity suitable for electrolyte-gated transistors.
Response to the Letter to the Editor From Marcotte (2019) Regarding “The History of Stuttering by 7 Years: Follow-Up of a Prospective Community Cohort” by Kefalianos et al. (2017)
Authors: Kefalianos Elaina , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Vogel Adam , Pezic Angela , Mensah Fiona , Conway Laura , Bavin Edith , Block Susan , Reilly Sheena
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this letter is to respond to
Marcotte's (2019)
letter to the editor, “The Influence of Treatment on Children's Recovery from Stuttering: Comments on Kefalianos et al. (2017) and Leech et al. (2017),” published by the
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
.
Analysis and test of the central-blue-spot infall hallmark
Authors: Estalella R. , Anglada G. , Díaz-Rodríguez A. K. , Mayen-Gijon J. M.
Published: May 2019

Aims. The infall of material onto a protostar, in the case of optically thick line emission, produces an asymmetry in the blue- and red-wing line emissions. For an angularly resolved emission, this translates in a blue central spot in the first-order moment (intensity weighted velocity) map.

Methods. An analytical expression for the first-order moment intensity as a function of the projected distance was derived, for the cases of infinite and finite infall radius. The effect of a finite angular resolution, which requires the numerical convolution with the beam, was also studied.

Results. This method was applied to existing data of several star-forming regions, namely G31.41+0.31 HMC, B335, and LDN 1287, obtaining good fits to the first-order moment intensity maps, and deriving values of the central masses onto which the infall is taking place (G31.41+0.31 HMC: 70–120 M⊙; B335: 0.1 M⊙; Guitar Core of LDN 1287: 4.8 M⊙). The central-blue-spot infall hallmark appears to be a robust and reliable indicator of infall.
Mass bias evolution in tSZ cluster cosmology
Authors: Salvati Laura , Douspis Marian , Ritz Anna , Aghanim Nabila , Babul Arif
Published: May 2019

Galaxy clusters observed through the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (tSZ) effect are a recent cosmological probe. The precision on the cosmological constraints is affected mainly by the current knowledge of cluster physics, which enters the analysis through the scaling relations. Here we aim to study one of the most important sources of systematic uncertainties, the mass bias,b. We have analysed the effects of a mass-redshift dependence, adopting a power-law parametrisation. We applied this parametrisation to the combination of tSZ number counts and power spectrum, finding a hint of redshift dependence that leads to a decreasing value of the mass bias for higher redshift. We tested the robustness of our results for different mass bias calibrations and a discrete redshift dependence. We find our results to be dependent on the clusters sample that we are considering, in particular obtaining an inverse (decreasing) redshift dependence when neglectingz <  0.2 clusters. We analysed the effects of this parametrisation on the combination of cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary anisotropies and tSZ galaxy clusters. We find a preferred constant value of mass bias, having (1 − b) = 0.62 ± 0.05. The corresponding value ofbis too high with respect to weak lensing and numerical simulations estimations. Therefore we conclude that this mass-redshift parametrisation does not help in solving the remaining discrepancy between CMB and tSZ clusters observations.
Endoscopic augmentation of gastroesophageal junction using a full-thickness endoscopic suturing device
Authors: Han Jimin , Chin Matthew , Fortinsky Kyle J. , Sharaiha Reem , Gostout Christopher J. , Chang Kenneth J.
Published: May 2019

Background and study aims This preliminary study was conducted to determine the feasibility and safety of endoscopic augmentation of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) using the Apollo OverStitch endoscopic suturing system in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms.

Patients and methods Endoscopic augmentation of GEJ was performed on 10 consecutive patients and the data were analyzed retrospectively. Using a double-channel gastroscope affixed to the endoscopic suturing platform, interrupted sutures were placed on the gastric side of the GEJ in 2 layers in order to create a narrowed and elongated GEJ.

Results Technical success was achieved in all patients, including those with a history of previous antireflux procedures (n = 7) and those with a hiatal hernia (n = 6). The median follow-up duration was 5 mo (range: 2 – 12). The median pre-procedure GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire improved from 20 (range: 11 – 45) to a post-procedure score of 6 (range: 3 – 25) (P = 0.001). The median duration of GERD symptom improvement after the procedure was 1 mo (range: 0.5 – 4). Adverse events were limited to 1 patient who developed nausea and vomiting, which was self-limited.

Conclusions The use of a novel endoscopic suturing technique for the treatment of GERD is feasible and safe. The procedure resulted in short-term GERD symptom improvement. Further prospective studies using refined techniques are currently underway to improve durability and to prove efficacy.
Messverfahren zur objektiven Beurteilung der nasalen
Durchgängigkeit
Authors: Giotakis Aris I. , Innerhofer Veronika , Vent Julia , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Riechelmann Herbert
Published: May 2019

Die Notwendigkeit der objektiven Beurteilung der nasalen Durchgängigkeit im
Rahmen der rhinologischen und allergologischen Diagnostik hat zur Entwicklung
verschiedener Verfahren zur Bestimmung der nasalen Durchgängigkeit (engl.: nasal
patency) geführt. Hierzu zählen die aktive anteriore Rhinomanometrie, PNIF, die
akustische Rhinometrie, die Rhinostereometrie, die optische Rhinometrie, die
minimal cross sectional area Endoskopie, die nasale Schallspektralanalyse, die
Magnetresonanztomografie und die numerische Strömungssimulation. Der vorliegende
Beitrag gibt eine kurze Übersicht über derzeit gängige Verfahren.
Clamshell-Thorakotomie im Rettungsdienst und Schockraum: Indikationen, Anforderungen und Technik
Authors: Rudolph Marcus , Lange Tim , Göring Martin , Schneider Niko R. E. , Popp Erik
Published: May 2019

Die Notfallthorakotomie beim traumatischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand spielte in Deutschland lange Zeit eine untergeordnete Rolle. Nach der Veröffentlichung der Reanimationsleitlinien des ERCs 2015 rückte der Algorithmus zur Versorgung dieses Verletzungsmusters in den Mittelpunkt, und speziell die Notfallthorakotomie war Auslöser einiger kontroverser Diskussionen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt nun die Indikationen für eine Thorakotomie im Rahmen einer Reanimation und erläutert die nötigen Rahmenbedingungen. Weiterhin wird die Technik Schritt für Schritt beschrieben. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine kritische Betrachtung der Implementierung der Technik in unser Rettungsdienstsystem sowie der Hinweis auf bestehende Schulungskonzepte.
Skelettmetastasen der Extremitäten – Management und operative Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Walther Eric , Fritzsche Hagen , Hofbauer Christine , Schaser Klaus-Dieter
Published: May 2019

Aufgrund der steigenden Anzahl an Tumorerkrankungen in Deutschland sowie der verlängerten Lebensdauer mit einer malignen Erkrankung sind Folgeerscheinungen wie Skelettmetastasen und pathologische Frakturen eine zunehmende klinische Herausforderung. Dieser Artikel stellt die Stufendiagnostik sowie die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bei Patienten mit Skelettmetastasen der Extremitäten vor.
Definitions, Epidemiology, Clinical Risk Factors, and Health Disparities in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Kang Mohleen , Kempker Jordan
Published: May 2019

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of inflammatory lung injury currently defined as the rapid onset of hypoxemia and radiographic opacities from a recent direct or indirect insult that is not explained by other causes. While the diagnostic criteria used to define ARDS are helpful in the clinical setting, they are not entirely specific for the characteristic pathophysiology of diffuse alveolar lung damage. This case definition introduces challenges to the reliable and accurate epidemiologic study of the condition. Within these limitations, ARDS appears to be a condition that is relatively rare within the general population but common within the context of the intensive care unit. Furthermore, the frequency and outcomes of ARDS seem to vary between populations, with no clearly discernible temporal trends in incidence or case fatality that are uniform across studies.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Phenotypes
Authors: Reilly John , Calfee Carolyn , Christie Jason
Published: May 2019

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phenotype was first described over 50 years ago and since that time significant progress has been made in understanding the biologic processes underlying the syndrome. Despite this improved understanding, no pharmacologic therapies aimed at the underlying biology have been proven effective in ARDS. Increasingly, ARDS has been recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by subphenotypes with distinct clinical, radiographic, and biologic differences, distinct outcomes, and potentially distinct responses to therapy. The Berlin Definition of ARDS specifies three severity classifications: mild, moderate, and severe based on the PaO2 to FiO2 ratio. Two randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a potential benefit to prone positioning and neuromuscular blockade in moderate to severe phenotypes of ARDS only. Precipitating risk factor, direct versus indirect lung injury, and timing of ARDS onset can determine other clinical phenotypes of ARDS after admission. Radiographic phenotypes of ARDS have been described based on a diffuse versus focal pattern of infiltrates on chest imaging. Finally and most promisingly, biologic subphenotypes or endotypes have increasingly been identified using plasma biomarkers, genetics, and unbiased approaches such as latent class analysis. The potential of precision medicine lies in identifying novel therapeutics aimed at ARDS biology and the subpopulation within ARDS most likely to respond. In this review, we discuss the challenges and approaches to subphenotype ARDS into clinical, radiologic, severity, and biologic phenotypes with an eye toward the future of precision medicine in critical care.
Pathophysiology and Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Obese Patients
Authors: Umbrello Michele , Fumagalli Jacopo , Pesenti Antonio , Chiumello Davide
Published: May 2019

A rising prevalence of obesity is reported over time and throughout the world. At the same time, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains an important public health problem, accounting for approximately 10% of intensive care unit admissions and leading to significant hospital mortality. Even in the absence of acute illnesses, obesity affects respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in the setting of a restrictive disease. In the presence of ARDS, obesity adds various challenges to a safe and effective management of respiratory support. Difficult airway management, altered lung and chest wall physiology, and positional gas trapping are routinely encountered. The management of such difficult cases is generally empiric, as it is based on small-sized, physiologic studies or on suggestions from the general anesthesia literature. The present review focuses on those cases in which ARDS is coincident with obesity, with the aim of presenting treatment options based on the current evidence. The first part summarizes the epidemiology of obesity and ARDS. Then the diagnostic challenges due to obesity-related artifacts of the different imaging techniques will be presented. A subsequent, detailed description of the altered respiratory anatomy and physiology of obesity will provide help in selecting an optimal, individually tailored strategy of support. Furthermore, we will discuss how esophageal manometry should be used to adjust the settings of positive end-expiratory pressure and tidal volume; the challenges of prone positioning and extracorporeal support; and the optimal strategies for weaning from mechanical ventilation, including when and how to perform a tracheostomy.
‘I do not cognize myself through being conscious of myself as thinking’: Self-knowledge and the irreducibility of self-objectification in Kant
Authors: Khurana Thomas
Published: May 2019

The paper argues that Kant'sdistinction between pure and empirical apperception cannot be interpreted as distinguishing two self-standing types of self-knowledge. For Kant, empirical and pure apperception need to co-operate to yield substantive self-knowledge. What makes Kant'saccount interesting is his acknowledgment that there is a deep tension between the way I become conscious of myself as subject through pure apperception and the way I am given to myself as an object of inner sense. This tension remains problematic in the realm of theoretical cognition but can be put to work and made productive in terms of practical self-knowledge.
Homotopy properties of horizontal loop spaces and applications to closed sub-Riemannian geodesics
Authors: Lerario Antonio , Mondino Andrea
Published: May 2019

Given a manifold

M
M

and a proper sub-bundle

Δ
⊂
T
M

\Delta \subset TM

, we investigate homotopy properties of the horizontal free loop space

Λ
\Lambda

, i.e., the space of absolutely continuous maps

γ
:

S
1

→
M

\gamma :S^1\to M

whose velocities are constrained to

Δ
\Delta

(for example: legendrian knots in a contact manifold).

In the first part of the paper we prove that the base-point map

F
:
Λ
→
M

F:\Lambda \to M

(the map associating to every loop its base-point) is a Hurewicz fibration for the

W

1
,
2

W^{1,2}

topology on

Λ
\Lambda

. Using this result we show that, even if the space

Λ
\Lambda

might have deep singularities (for example: constant loops form a singular manifold homeomorphic to

M
M

), its homotopy can be controlled nicely. In particular we prove that

Λ
\Lambda

(with the

W

1
,
2

W^{1,2}

topology) has the homotopy type of a CW-complex, that its inclusion in the standard free loop space (i.e., the space of loops with no non-holonomic constraint) is a homotopy equivalence, and consequently that its homotopy groups can be computed as
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi Subscript k Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Lamda right-parenthesis asymptotically-equals pi Subscript k Baseline left-parenthesis upper M right-parenthesis left-normal-factor-semidirect-product pi Subscript k plus 1 Baseline left-parenthesis upper M right-parenthesis">

π
k

(
Λ
)
≃

π
k

(
M
)
⋉

π

k
+
1

(
M
)

\pi _k(\Lambda )\simeq \pi _k(M) \ltimes \pi _{k+1}(M)

for all

k
≥
0.

k\geq 0.

In the second part of the paper we address the problem of the existence of closed sub-Riemannian geodesics. In the general case we prove that if

(
M
,
Δ
)

(M, \Delta )

is a compact sub-Riemannian manifold, each non-trivial homotopy class in

π
1

(
M
)

\pi _1(M)

can be represented by a closed sub-Riemannian geodesic.

In the contact case, we prove a min-max result generalizing the celebrated Lyusternik-Fet theorem: if

(
M
,
Δ
)

(M, \Delta )

is a compact, contact manifold, then every sub-Riemannian metric on

Δ
\Delta

carries at least one closed sub-Riemannian geodesic. This result is based on a combination of the above topological results with the delicate study of an analogue of a Palais-Smale condition in the vicinity of abnormal loops (singular points of

Λ
\Lambda

).
PKC-Mediated Endothelin-1 Expression in Endothelial Cell Promotes Macrophage Activation in Atherogenesis
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Yan-Jiang , Wang Xin , Xu Lin , Yang Xin-Chun , Zhao Wen-Shu
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by endothelial dysfunction and exaggerated by macrophage infiltration. Although endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important role in vascular inflammation and reactive oxygen species production, the individual effect of ET-1 in atherogenesis remains unclear.

METHODS AND RESULTS

ET-1 expression was increased in mouse atherosclerotic plaques and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) administrated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulation. Moreover, the immunofluorescence co-staining showed upregulated ET-1 expression in endothelial cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that ET-1 overexpression promoted adhesion molecules and chemokines secretion in HUVECs. Following this intervention, the migration of macrophages and the pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased. More importantly, the endothelial dysfunction regulated by ET-1 and subsequently the effect on macrophage activation were mediated by ETA receptor and largely reversed by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Eight-week-old male ApoE–/– mice and eET-1/ApoE–/– mice were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks. eET-1/ApoE–/– significantly increased atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta and aortic sinus, which accompanied by the induction of inflammatory cytokines and macrophages infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS

ET-1 accelerates atherogenesis by promoting adhesion molecules and chemokines, as well as subsequent macrophage activation. Collected, these evidence suggest that ET-1 might be a potential target for the treatment of atherogenesis.
Roles of membrane transporters: connecting the dots from sequence to phenotype
Authors: David Rakesh , Byrt Caitlin S , Tyerman Stephen D , Gilliham Matthew , Wege Stefanie
Published: May 2019

Background

Plant membrane transporters are involved in diverse cellular processes underpinning plant physiology, such as nutrient acquisition, hormone movement, resource allocation, exclusion or sequestration of various solutes from cells and tissues, and environmental and developmental signalling. A comprehensive characterization of transporter function is therefore key to understanding and improving plant performance.

Scope and Conclusions

In this review, we focus on the complexities involved in characterizing transporter function and the impact that this has on current genomic annotations. Specific examples are provided that demonstrate why sequence homology alone cannot be relied upon to annotate and classify transporter function, and to show how even single amino acid residue variations can influence transporter activity and specificity. Misleading nomenclature of transporters is often a source of confusion in transporter characterization, especially for people new to or outside the field. Here, to aid researchers dealing with interpretation of large data sets that include transporter proteins, we provide examples of transporters that have been assigned names that misrepresent their cellular functions. Finally, we discuss the challenges in connecting transporter function at the molecular level with physiological data, and propose a solution through the creation of new databases. Further fundamental in-depth research on specific transport (and other) proteins is still required; without it, significant deficiencies in large-scale data sets and systems biology approaches will persist. Reliable characterization of transporter function requires integration of data at multiple levels, from amino acid residue sequence annotation to more in-depth biochemical, structural and physiological studies.
Periareolar Augmentation-Mastopexy
Authors: Austin Ryan E , Saheb-Al-Zamani Maryam , Lista Frank , Ahmad Jamil
Published: May 2019

The authors describe their surgical technique for single-stage periareolar mastopexy with subglandular breast augmentation. They have performed this procedure in 85 patients since 2009 and found that this operative technique has allowed them to achieve reproducible outcomes in a single-stage procedure. Periareolar mastopexy with subglandular breast augmentation is an excellent procedure for patients who desire a larger breast size and who present with mild to moderate nipple ptosis with a paucity of excess skin in the lower pole of the breast. This article will review the perioperative management and detailed steps of the procedure and outline its indications for utilization and some of the common complications the authors have encountered.
Entrezpy: a Python library to dynamically interact with the NCBI Entrez databases
Authors: Buchmann Jan P , Holmes Edward C
Published: May 2019

Entrezpy is a Python library that automates the querying and downloading of data from the Entrez databases at National Center for Biotechnology Information by interacting with E-Utilities. Entrezpy implements complex queries by automatically creating E-Utility parameters from the results obtained that can then be used directly in subsequent queries. Entrezpy also allows the user to cache and retrieve results locally, implements interactions with all Entrez databases as part of an analysis pipeline and adjusts parameters within an ongoing query or using prior results. Entrezpy’s modular design enables it to easily extend and adjust existing E-Utility functions.

Availability and implementation

Entrezpy is implemented in Python 3 (≥3.6) and depends only on the Python Standard Library. It is available via PyPi (https://pypi.org/project/entrezpy/) and at https://gitlab.com/ncbipy/entrezpy.git. Entrezpy is licensed under the LGPLv3 and also at http://entrezpy.readthedocs.io/.
Multivariate meta-analysis model for the difference in restricted mean survival times
Authors: Weir Isabelle R , Tian Lu , Trinquart Ludovic
Published: May 2019

In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with time-to-event outcomes, the difference in restricted mean survival times (RMSTD) offers an absolute measure of the treatment effect on the time scale. Computation of the RMSTD relies on the choice of a time horizon, $\tau$. In a meta-analysis, varying follow-up durations may lead to the exclusion of RCTs with follow-up shorter than $\tau$. We introduce an individual patient data multivariate meta-analysis model for RMSTD estimated at multiple time horizons. We derived the within-trial covariance for the RMSTD enabling the synthesis of all data by borrowing strength from multiple time points. In a simulation study covering 60 scenarios, we compared the statistical performance of the proposed method to that of two univariate meta-analysis models, based on available data at each time point and based on predictions from flexible parametric models. Our multivariate model yields smaller mean squared error over univariate methods at all time points. We illustrate the method with a meta-analysis of five RCTs comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with surgical replacement in patients with aortic stenosis. Over 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up, those treated by TAVR live 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.56], 0.46 (95% CI $-$0.08 to 1.01), and 0.79 (95% CI $-$0.43 to 2.02) months longer on average compared to those treated by surgery, respectively.
Allele-specific silencing as treatment for gene duplication disorders: proof-of-principle in autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
Authors: Giorgio Elisa , Lorenzati Martina , Rivetti di Val Cervo Pia , Brussino Alessandro , Cernigoj Manuel , Della Sala Edoardo , Bartoletti Stella Anna , Ferrero Marta , Caiazzo Massimiliano , Capellari Sabina , Cortelli Pietro , Conti Luciano , Cattaneo Elena , Buffo Annalisa , Brusco Alfredo
Published: May 2019

Allele-specific silencing by RNA interference (ASP-siRNA) holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for downregulating a single mutant allele with minimal suppression of the corresponding wild-type allele. This approach has been effectively used to target autosomal dominant mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms linked with aberrantly expanded trinucleotide repeats. Here, we propose ASP-siRNA as a preferable choice to target duplicated disease genes, avoiding potentially harmful excessive downregulation. As a proof-of-concept, we studied autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy (ADLD) due to lamin B1 (LMNB1) duplication, a hereditary, progressive and fatal disorder affecting myelin in the CNS. Using a reporter system, we screened the most efficient ASP-siRNAs preferentially targeting one of the alleles at rs1051644 (average minor allele frequency: 0.45) located in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene. We identified four siRNAs with a high efficacy and allele-specificity, which were tested in ADLD patient-derived fibroblasts. Three of the small interfering RNAs were highly selective for the target allele and restored both LMNB1 mRNA and protein levels close to control levels. Furthermore, small interfering RNA treatment abrogates the ADLD-specific phenotypes in fibroblasts and in two disease-relevant cellular models: murine oligodendrocytes overexpressing human LMNB1, and neurons directly reprogrammed from patients’ fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ASP-silencing by RNA interference is a suitable and promising therapeutic option for ADLD. Moreover, our results have a broad translational value extending to several pathological conditions linked to gene-gain in copy number variations.
PTEN Activity Defines an Axis for Plasticity at Cortico-Amygdala Synapses and Influences Social Behavior
Authors: Sánchez-Puelles Cristina , Calleja-Felipe María , Ouro Alberto , Bougamra Ghassen , Arroyo Ana , Diez Ibai , Erramuzpe Asier , Cortés Jesús , Martínez-Hernández José , Luján Rafael , Navarrete Marta , Venero César , Chan Andrew , Morales Miguel , Esteban José A , Knafo Shira
Published: May 2019

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and autism-associated gene that exerts an important influence over neuronal structure and function during development. In addition, it participates in synaptic plasticity processes in adulthood. As an attempt to assess synaptic and developmental mechanisms by which PTEN can modulate cognitive function, we studied the consequences of 2 different genetic manipulations in mice: presence of additional genomic copies of the Pten gene (Ptentg) and knock-in of a truncated Pten gene lacking its PDZ motif (Pten-ΔPDZ), which is required for interaction with synaptic proteins. Ptentg mice exhibit substantial microcephaly, structural hypoconnectivity, enhanced synaptic depression at cortico-amygdala synapses, reduced anxiety, and intensified social interactions. In contrast, Pten-ΔPDZ mice have a much more restricted phenotype, with normal synaptic connectivity, but impaired synaptic depression at cortico-amygdala synapses and virtually abolished social interactions. These results suggest that synaptic actions of PTEN in the amygdala contribute to specific behavioral traits, such as sociability. Also, PTEN appears to function as a bidirectional rheostat in the amygdala: reduction in PTEN activity at synapses is associated with less sociability, whereas enhanced PTEN activity accompanies hypersocial behavior.
Constitution-Making in 21st-Century Thailand:The Continuing Search for a Perfect Constitutional Fit
Authors: Harding Andrew James , Leelapatana Rawin
Published: May 2019

In the 21st century, the constitutional and political stability that Thailand has sought seems to be harshly convulsed by the occurrence of ‘colour-coded politics’ between the Red and Yellow factions from 2006. The conflict between the two factions resulted in two military coups in 2006 and 2014, which, in turn, led to the revocation of two permanent constitutions (those of 1997 and 2007) and the enactment of two new ones (those of 2007 and 2017) as well as the promulgation of two interim constitutions (those of 2006 and 2014). In this article, we will examine the constitution-making process in 21st-century Thailand based, in particular, on its two contesting sources of legitimization—that is, the conflict between global ideas of constitutionalism and its local alternative: Thai-ness.
Influence of gender and age on haemodialysis practices: a European multicentre analysis
Authors: Weigert André , Drozdz Maciej , Silva Fatima , Frazão João , Alsuwaida Abdulkareem , Krishnan Mahesh , Kleophas Werner , Brzosko Szymon , Johansson Fredrik K , Jacobson Stefan H
Published: May 2019

Background

Women of all ages and elderly patients of both genders comprise an increasing proportion of the haemodialysis population. Worldwide, significant differences in practice patterns and treatment results exist between genders and among younger versus older patients. Although efforts to mitigate sex-based differences have been attempted, significant disparities still exist.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all 1247 prevalent haemodialysis patients in DaVita units in Portugal (five dialysis centres, n = 730) and Poland (seven centres, n = 517). Demographic data, dialysis practice patterns, vascular access prevalence and the achievement of a variety of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) treatment targets were evaluated in relation to gender and age groups.

Results

Body weight and the prescribed dialysis blood flow rate were lower in women (P < 0.001), whereas treated blood volume per kilogram per session was higher (P < 0.01), resulting in higher single-pool Kt/V in women than in men (P < 0.001). Haemoglobin was significantly higher in men (P = 0.01), but the proportion of patients within target range (10–12 g/dL) was similar. Men more often had an arteriovenous fistula than women (80% versus 73%; P < 0.01) with a similar percentage of central venous catheters. There were no gender-specific differences in terms of dialysis adequacy, anaemia parameters or mineral and bone disorder parameters, or in the attainment of KDIGO targets between women and men >80 years of age.

Conclusions

This large, multicentre real-world analysis indicates that haemodialysis practices and treatment targets are similar for women and men, including the most elderly, in DaVita haemodialysis clinics in Europe.
Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with positive blood cultures: a Danish nationwide study
Authors: Østergaard Lauge , Bruun Niels Eske , Voldstedlund Marianne , Arpi Magnus , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Schønheyder Henrik C , Lemming Lars , Rosenvinge Flemming , Valeur Nana , Søgaard Peter , Andersen Paal Skytt , Skov Robert , Chen Ming , Iversen Kasper , Gill Sabine , Lauridsen Trine Kiilerich , Dahl Anders , Oestergaard Louise Bruun , Povlsen Jonas Agerlund , Moser Claus , Bundgaard Henning , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup
Published: May 2019

Aims

Increasing attention has been given to the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with certain blood stream infections (BSIs). Previous studies have been conducted on selected patient cohorts, yet unselected data are sparse. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of IE in BSIs with bacteria typically associated with IE.

Methods and results

By crosslinking nationwide registries from 2010 to 2017, we identified patients with BSIs typically associated with IE: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus spp., and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) and examined the concurrent IE prevalence. A trend test was used to examine temporal changes in the prevalence of IE. In total 69 021, distributed with 15 350, 16 726, 19 251, and 17 694 BSIs were identified in the periods of 2010–2011, 2012–2013, 2014–2015, and 2016–2017, respectively. Patients with E. faecalis had the highest prevalence of IE (16.7%) followed by S. aureus (10.1%), Streptococcus spp. (7.3%), and CoNS (1.6%). Throughout the study period, the prevalence of IE among patients with E. faecalis and Streptococcus spp. increased significantly (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.03, respectively). Male patients had a higher prevalence of IE for E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and CoNS compared with females. A significant increase in the prevalence of IE was seen for E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and CoNS with increasing age.

Conclusion

For E. faecalis BSI, 1 in 6 had IE, for S. aureus BSI 1 in 10 had IE, and for Streptococcus spp. 1 in 14 had IE. Our results suggest that screening for IE seems reasonable in patients with E. faecalis BSI, S. aureus BSI, or Streptococcus spp. BSI.
The impact of a gender-specific physical activity intervention on the fitness and fatness profile of men in Ireland
Authors: Kelly Liam , Harrison Michael , Richardson Noel , Carroll Paula , Robertson Steve , Keohane Aisling , Donohoe Alex
Published: May 2019

Background

Amid increasing concerns about rising obesity rates and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, physical activity (PA) is seen as a prophylactic to many chronic conditions affecting men. Men respond best to community-based PA programmes, using gender-specific promotional and delivery strategies. ‘Men on the Move’ (MOM) was developed on this basis and targeted inactive adult men in Ireland.

Methods

Sedentary men (n = 927; age = 50.7 ± 10.9 years; weight = 92.7 ± 16.0 kg; METS = 6.06 ± 2.13) were recruited across eight counties: four ‘intervention group’ (IG; n = 501) and four ‘comparison-in-waiting group’ (CG; n = 426). The MOM programme involved structured group exercise twice weekly for 12 weeks (W), along with health-related workshops with the groups maintained up to 52 W. Primary outcome measures [aerobic fitness, bodyweight and waist circumference (WC)] together with self-administered questionnaires were used to gather participant data at baseline, 12, 26 and 52 W.

Results

Results show a net positive effect on aerobic fitness, bodyweight and WC, with significant (P < 0.05) net change scores observed in the IG compared to the CG (METS: 12 W = +2.20, 26 W = +1.89, 52 W = +0.92; weight: 12 W = −1.72 kg, 26 W = −1.95 kg, 52 W = −1.89 kg; WC: 12 W = −4.54 cm, 26 W = −2.69 cm, 52 W = −3.16 cm). The corresponding reduction in cardiovascular disease risk is particularly significant in the context of a previously inactive and overweight cohort. The high ‘dropout’ (42.7% presenting at 52 W), however, is of particular concern, with ‘dropouts’ having lower levels of aerobic fitness and higher bodyweight/WC at baseline.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding dropout issues, findings address an important gap in public health practice by informing the translational scale-up of a small controllable gender-specific PA intervention, MOM, to a national population-based PA intervention targeting inactive men.