bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivational Factors for Cessation of Cigarette Smoking among Current Smokers in Aseer Region: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alqarfi Bayan Mohammed , Al Obaid Adel Saleh Abdullah , Al-Asmari Nawal Sarhan Abdullah , Garnan Mohammad Abdallah , Khan Mohammed Suhail
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Smoking is considered one of the leading public health problems with a direct heavy toll on lives, and indirectly, via passive inhalation of tobacco smoke. Smoking is a severe public health problem and can lead to substantial health and economic consequences. Aim of Study: To identify factors motivating smokers to quit smoking among adult Saudi smokers in the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional research design. It included 428 Saudi adults, who are currently cigarette smokers, registered at the Smoking Cessation Clinics in Aseer Region, and who wish to quit smoking. The selection of participants was done by systematic random sampling. The data was collected by using the “Tobacco Programme Management System” questionnaire, along with some other motivational factors for getting the maximum responses from the participants. Results: The majority of quitters were males (95.6%). Almost two-thirds of quitters (60.3%) started smoking by the age of 15-20 years. Most quitters (75%) were cigarette smokers for more than 15 years. The main motives for quitting cigarette smoking were to improve health status (39.5%), followed by having a better quality of life (27.3%), and to save the costs of smoking cigarettes (19.9%). Motives for quitting differed significantly according to their place of residence, age groups, and educational level. Conclusion: The majority of current Saudi cigarette-smoking quitters are young males, well-educated with no or low monthly income. Most smokers start cigarette smoking during their adolescence. Recommendations: Parents should play an important role to motivate quitting smoking and keeping their young kids away from smoking. School-based tobacco prevention and cessation programs should be enforced. Keywords: Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Motives, Fagerström Scores.
Effects of N95 Masks on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation and End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure in Healthcare Workers
Authors: Ghorbani Jahangir , Doraneh-Gard Fatemeh , Mirtajani Seyed Bashir , Shirvani Mohammad , Golestani Eraghi Majid , Seied-Mohammad Doulabi Seied-Reza , Jahangirifard Alireza
Published: November 2023

Background: Healthcare workers must wear masks throughout their shifts, especially those in operating rooms for long periods. Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of wearing N95 masks on blood and cerebral oxygen saturation levels for three hours. Methods: The present case-control study enrolled 20 operating room workers wearing N95 masks. Their blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), and right- and left-sided cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) were measured in the beginning (0 h) and after wearing N95 masks for one and three hours. Results: Wearing a mask affected PETCO2, rSO2, and pulse rate and caused fatigue and lightheadedness in some cases. The participants' mean PETCO2 increased significantly, from 32 mmHg before putting on a mask to 38 mmHg after wearing it for three hours (P < 0.05). No significant change was observed in the participants' mean rSO2, though changes in their rSO2 levels were recorded (P > 0.05). Conclusions: We showed evidence of changes in different physiology parameters due to using masks for 1 to 3 h. Notably, wearing an N95 mask increased end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and decreased cerebral oxygen saturation in individual cases, not all cases.
Analysis of The Utilization of The Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) Feature in The Use of Deep Learning Breast Image Technology in Women's Mammogram Screening Examinations at Dharmais Cancer Hospital
Authors: Cahya Vidiani Mila , Latifah Leny , Kartikasari Yeti
Published: November 2023

Deep learning technology is useful for radiology specialists as double reading to help increase the accuracy of image interpretation results. One of the preparations for maximizing the use of this technology is using good-quality images as the source. The Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) feature, which functions to determine exposure factors automatically, is expected to help produce images with good and consistent quality so that deep learning technology can work more effectively. This research aims to determine the quality results of mammogram images taken using the AEC feature and to analyze the use of deep learning technology in evaluating mammogram images. This research method is retrospective by collecting 800 mammogram images randomly and anonymously. Three hundred images were tested, 500 were evaluated, and 250 were analyzed for image quality based on references related to applying AEC and assessing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Deep learning technology was analyzed by comparing the results of mammogram image evaluation using deep learning and the evaluation results of a radiology specialist. Deep learning technology analysis shows that 98% of mammograms have the same results as the radiology doctor's evaluation, and 2% have different results from the radiology doctor's evaluation where the image has a dense breast type. The image quality results in this research showed that 97.6% of the 250 samples taken using the AEC feature had good image quality, and 2.4% had poor image quality due to inappropriate breast positioning during the examination.
Incidence of Diarrhea and Contributing Factors in Nakaloke Town Council, Eastern Uganda, among Children Below 5 Years of Age
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western  Campus Uganda, Francis Okongo
Published: November 2023

Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children, with 3.2 million deaths in low and middle-income countries in 2013 due to infectious diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and identify risk factors among children under five years old in Nakaloke Town Council, Mbale District, Uganda. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 parent or caretaker/children pairs between April 3rd and 12th, 2020. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires and analyzed using Univariate analysis and modified Poisson regression. The mean age of the study participants was 32.74 months, and the prevalence of diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the study was 36.00%. Maternal and childhood-related factors independently associated with diarrhea included a child's age of ≥45 months, a birth order of 2 versus 1, non-vaccination against Rotavirus, and maternal secondary education versus illiteracy. Water, sanitation, and hygiene-related factors included drinking water from unprotected wall springs and having no handwashing facility beside the toilet. Keywords: Diarrhea diseases, Infectious diseases, Drinking water, Sanitation, Hygiene.
Impact of Accounts Receivable Management on the Financial Performance of SACCOS in Sheema Municipality, Southwestern Uganda
Authors:   Department of Business and management Kampala International University, Uganda, Tom Mulegi Natukunda Neema , Andrew Nyakundi
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to examine the impact of accounts receivable management on the financial performance of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs). Despite their significant contribution to a country's economic development, SACCOs still face financial challenges, with 26% of loans considered bad debts and 60% of them failing within a year. A correlational research design was adopted, with a sample size of 145 and a questionnaire used for data collection. A regression analysis using SPSS was used to analyze the data. The results showed that accounts receivable management significantly affects financial performance, suggesting that innovative programs can increase SACCOs' financial performance by.494 units. The study recommends the introduction of innovative programs to improve SACCOs' financial performance, benefiting government policy makers, researchers, and management teams. The findings will be beneficial to government policy makers, researchers, and Sheema Municipality management teams. Keywords: SACCOs, Accounts receivable management, financial performance
Organizational structure and Academic staff Performances in Private Universities in Uganda.
Authors:   Department of Educational Foundation Faculty of Education, Kampala International  University, Western Campus, Uganda Department of Science Faculty of Education, Kampala International University,  Western Campus, Uganda, Kiyundo  Zikanga Silaji Turyamureeba, Tukur Muhammad, Abdul Rahim
Published: November 2023

The decision to organize and restructure institutions have become crucial due to dynamics of the Academic environment in private Universities. Organizational structure is the most important structural choice a leader must make as it establishes the formal categorization, coordination, and division of work duties in an organization, The authors assert that the organizational structure and level of employees dedication among academic staff members are very crucial. The decision to organize and restructure institutions has become crucial due to the dynamics of the academic environment in private universities. Organizational structure is the most important structural choice a leader must make as it establishes the formal categorization, coordination, and division of work duties in an organization. The authors assert that the organizational structure and level of employee’s dedication among academic staff members are very crucial. The study is aimed at reviewing literature on organizational structure and academic staff performance in private universities in Western Uganda. In order to achieve this, the researcher used ProQuest significantly with the appearance of web-based providers which includes: Science Direct; Web of Science; Em-erald; Google Scholar; Scopus ,Springer; Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Tylor and Francis. All the databases were scanned to retrieve the published articles in social science, management education with regard to Organizational structure and academic staff performance in private universities in Uganda. I used a computer laptop and internet gadgets and downloaded 100 articles and some journals related to the research topic under review. Review findings indicate that organizational boundaries and hierarchical layers have a substantial impact on academic staff performance and promote dedication among academic staff members in universities. It was also found that organizational structure and service delivery are positively correlated. On the basis of the literature reviewed, empirical evidence shows that organizational structure has a significant impact on academic staff performance in private universities in Uganda. Keywords: Organizational structure, academic staff performance, private universities
The influence of community participation on decentralized community access road service delivery in Greater Bushenyi District.
Authors:   Public Administration and Management, Kampala International University Uganda, Kamusiime Jason
Published: November 2023

The study examined the impact of community participation on decentralized community access to road service delivery in the greater Bushenyi District. The research aimed to understand the factors that hinder community participation in project design, resource maintenance, and management, as well as the success and challenges of decentralization and community participation in road service delivery. A descriptive case study design was used, with a sample of 123 from an accessible population of 179. The results showed a positive relationship between community participation in project planning, implementation, and maintenance of road services. The study concluded that a district development plan and budget are crucial for better access to road networks, and workshops and conferences can be effective for local mobilization. The study recommended conducting more consultative and feedback meetings, lobbying for funds, creating a task force to oversee awareness programs, improving remunerations, and addressing human resource gaps. The local government should also focus on sensitizing politicians, rewarding road maintenance, formulating road ordinances, and lobbying for more funding. Keywords: Community Participation, decentralized, Community access road, service delivery, greater Bushenyi
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Modern Contraceptive Uptake among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49) Attending the Jinja Regional Referral Hospital in the Jinja District
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Sheilla Nakirya
Published: November 2023

Modern contraception, a pillar of safe motherhood is known for its benefits including limiting unwanted pregnancies and reducing infant and maternal mortality and morbidity. Modern contraception significantly reduces up to 35% of maternal deaths, 13% of child mortalities and up to 25% of under-five mortalities. This research aimed to explore factors associated with the utilization of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age (15- 49) attending the Jinja regional referral hospital in the Jinja district. The study involved the use of a descriptive cross-sectional study design and a total of 365 randomly selected women of reproductive age (15-49) at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital were enrolled into the study. Data on the current use of modern contraceptives and related factors were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire after which the data was checked for completeness and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization were determined using logistic regression analysis and Chi2 square test while statistical significance was determined at pvalue≤0.05 and 95% confidence interval. We enrolled a total of 365 study participants. The prevalence of modern contraceptive uptake was found to be 30.14%. Factors associated with modern contraception uptake included age, marital status, parity, number of living children, age of the youngest child, caesarean delivery, and discussion of modern contraceptive use with partner. After adjusting for possible confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the age of the youngest child and the expected time to have another child significantly influenced modern contraceptive use. Modern contraceptive use in this study was low and independently associated with the age of the youngest child and the expected time to have another child. More efforts need to increase modern contraceptive uptake. Keywords: Modern contraception, Safe motherhood, Unwanted pregnancies, women of reproductive age, maternal deaths.
Rate of Full Hepatitis B Vaccination and its Associated Factors among Medical Workers in Jinja Regional Referral Hospital Jinja District, Eastern Uganda
Authors:   Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry Kampala International University Western Campus Uganda., Legdan Tumwebaze
Published: November 2023

Hepatitis stands for “inflammation of the liver” and five types of viruses can cause viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus that only can infect humans and today 240 million people are infected by chronic HBV in the world. The infectious agent in HBV is transmitted with body fluids such as blood, vaginal fluids, semen, saliva, and mucous membranes. This study was carried out to determine the rate of full hepatitis B vaccination and its associated factors among medical workers at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Jinja District, Eastern Uganda. A cross-sectional study design using unbiased descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches was done to determine the rate of full hepatitis B vaccination and its associated factors among medical workers at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Jinja District, Eastern Uganda. A sample of 245 medical workers was recruited for the study. Majority 125(51.0%) were aged 18-35 years, 109(44.5%) were Basoga by tribe, many 92(37.6%) were catholic, many 105(43.8%) were of diploma level of education, and lastly majority 157(64.1%) were married. Only 22 (9.0%) adhered to hepatitis B vaccination i.e. got all 3 doses while 223(91%) did not adhere i.e. get the 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccination. It was found that none of the socio-demographic factors has a p-value less than 0.2. Thus, no sociodemographic factor proceeded to the multivariate analysis. The study found that family support, friends support and partner support had a p-value less than 0.2. Thus, proceeded for multivariate analysis showed family support and partner support were significantly related to full hepatitis B vaccination. Participants who were supported by their partners were 24.55 times more likely to complete the hepatitis B vaccination dose compared to those not supported by their partners. Finally, participants who were not supported by their families were 2% less likely to complete the hepatitis B vaccination dose compared to those supported by their families. The rate of full Hepatitis B vaccination was established to be low (only 9.0% adhered to full vaccination against Hepatitis B ) while a substantial number of respondents (91% did not adhere to full Hepatitis B vaccination as per the guidelines) among medical workers at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. This reflects a potential danger to medical workers who could accidentally acquire HBV infection. Therefore, the study drew recommendations that the vaccination policy on HBV should be strengthened and implemented, and follow-up strategies for those vaccinated to ensure full dose completion. There is a need to increase the availability of personal protective gear and usage by health workers for protection during contact with patients. Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Vaccination, Inflammation, Liver disease, medical workers, Family support.
Martin Kretschmer: „Niemand hat etwas davon, wenn Werke nicht genutzt werden können“
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Viele alte Texte, Fotos oder Grafiken könnten in digitalen Bibliotheken zugänglich sein, doch der Hemmschuh dabei sind meist ungeklärte Rechte. Neue Lösungsmodelle stoßen zu oft auf Abwehr, sagt der Urheberrechtsforscher Martin Kretschmer.  iRights.info: Herr Kretschmer, Sie sagen, dass immens viele urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke in einem schwarzen Loch verschwinden. Was meinen Sie damit? 
Youtube zahlt nun an die GEMA, ist aber nicht GEMA-pflichtig
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Nach jahrelangem Streit einigten sich GEMA und Youtube, dass Musik-Urheber von der Videoplattform nun Tantiemen erhalten. Deren Höhe bleibt jedoch geheim. Durch die Sondervereinbarung entfallen die berüchtigten Sperrtafeln – gleichwohl bleibt offen, ob Youtube an sich GEMA-pflichtig ist.
Urteil: Facebook darf Foto-Metadaten nicht löschen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Facebook darf Informationen, die an hochgeladenen Fotos angebracht sind, nicht eigenmächtig löschen oder ändern: Der Fotografenverband Freelens weist auf ein Urteil des Landgerichts Hamburg hin, das nun rechtskräftig ist. Das Urteil vom 9. Februar 2016 sei Facebook vor sechs Monaten in Dublin zugestellt worden, das Unternehmen habe keine weiteren Rechtsmittel eingelegt, teilt der Verband mit.
Wo bleiben die fliegenden Autos?
Authors: iRights.info Redaktion
Published: November 2023

Noch auf der Suche nach Ferienlektüre? Wir haben einige Buchtipps zusammengestellt. Es geht um Musiker, Technologie-Sprünge, Informationskontrolle, fliegende Autos und vieles mehr.
Gesichtserkennung im Web: Technisch geht einiges, datenschutzrechtlich kaum etwas
Authors: Schulzki-Haddouti Christiane
Published: November 2023

Internet-Plattformen bieten ihren Nutzern die automatische Erkennung von Personen anhand fotografierter Gesichter als zusätzliche Dienste an. Die Technologien sind weit, aber auf bestimmte Motive und große Datenbestände angewiesen – und sie stoßen schnell an die Grenzen des Datenschutzes. Verfahren der automatischen Gesichtserkennung können heute von jedermann online und auch auf mobilen Geräten angewandt werden.
Urheber-Verträge: Die Chance zur Reform verpasst
Authors: Kreutzer Till
Published: November 2023

Wie Verträge zwischen Urhebern und Verwertern gestaltet werden können, gehört zu wichtigsten Regelungen im Urheberrecht. Doch der aktuelle Reformentwurf macht deutlich: Die Bundesregierung ist vor der Lobby der Verwerter eingeknickt. Der Bundestag berät derzeit eine Überarbeitung des Urhebervertragsrechts. Das Regelungsvorhaben steht ganz oben auf der Urheberrechtsagenda der aktuellen Legislaturperiode.
Organisierte Kreativität: Forscher untersuchen die Quadratur des Kreises
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: November 2023

Muss man auf den glücklichen Einfall warten oder lässt sich Kreativität tatsächlich planen? Wissenschaflter untersuchen die Bedingungen, unter denen in der Musik- und Pharmaindustrie Neues entsteht. „Heureka!“, „Geistesblitz” oder „der Kuss der Muse“ – es gibt viele Umschreibungen für unerwartete Eingebungen oder eine besonders zündende Idee. Wie es dazu kommt, bleibt für einen selbst oft unerklärlich.
Kontaktloses Bezahlen mit Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Schulzki-Haddouti Christiane
Published: November 2023

Kontaktloses Bezahlen verbreitet sich zunehmend im Handel. Ob Kunden dabei mehr Daten preisgeben als auf anderen elektronischen Wegen, hängt nicht von der Funktechnologie ab, sondern vom Anbieter und dem Bezahlkonzept. Ein genauer Blick lohnt sich. Noch verfügt nicht jeder Käufer über die nötige Technik, doch schon bald dürfte es anders aussehen: Die Banken führen jetzt flächendeckend NFC-Karten ein.
Violations Of Police Ethics And Morality In Pontianak Polresta
Authors: Riwayati Anny , Handayani Dwi Nur
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is a country of law, every offense must have a penalty and is reinforced by the regulations listed in the law. Crime cases in West Kalimantan, especially in Pontianak in 2023, are the second largest case. Of these cases, one of them is from the police. It was unexpected and surprising and many media reported it. One of the duties of the police to maintain the security of the community, on the contrary, makes the community restless and distrustful of the police. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting data from relevant sources. The results of the analysis show that cases of child abuse committed by unscrupulous police officers are behaviors that deviate from the police code of ethics. The ethics built in the police are not optimal in the police because with their authority they can take unethical actions. In restoring police confidence in the hearts of the community, the police carry out activities that are closer to the community and carry out tighter supervision within each police officer The Polresta Party provides penalties that make others not follow in the footsteps of these violations. One suggestion from the researcher is to emphasize faith in each police officer to devote to the state and protect the community.
Blockchain and cloud platforms in banking services: A paradox perspective
Authors:   Ph.D. Hab., Associate Professor, Institute of Economics, Finance and Management, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Kraków, Polan, e-mail: piotr.lasak@uj.edu.pl, corresponding author, Łasak Piotr , Wyciślak Sławomir ,   Ph.D., Associate Professor, Institute of Economics, Finance and Management, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 4, 30-348 Kraków, Poland, e-mail: slawomir.wycislak@uj.edu.pl
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE: The banking sector is under intense pressure from digitalization. One of the accompanying processes is the development of digital platforms and platform ecosystems in banking services. The paper aims to present the dynamic pattern of behavior among partners stemming from the tensions between governance costs and co-created value within platforms in banking services. METHODOLOGY: The study employs an approach based on a systematic literature review of 54 publications selected from Scopus and WoS databases. We applied an approach that consists of two steps. The first step of the research was a literature review and critical analysis of the sources related to our research questions. In the second step, we propose a causal loop diagram research procedure, which is a research system dynamic tool used in modeling system dynamics. FINDINGS: There are different types of platforms, and among the most important are blockchain-based and cloud-based platforms. In both types, the relations between owners, complementors, and customers are important. The tension between governance costs and co-created value informs behavior patterns among platform partners. The degree of interconnectedness between platform participants and the level of centralization of banking services depends on the platform type. The study highlights that blockchain-based and cloud-based platforms play a significant role in the transformation of the current banking services. The choice of platform type has important implications for the platformization of banking services. IMPLICATIONS: The pattern of behavior among platform partners identifies the self-reinforcing dynamics that suggest how managers can navigate the tension over time amidst the asymmetry of benefits and risks. The research findings can be informative for financial regulators and they help work out a policy that reduces the asymmetry of benefits and contributes to the more sustainable development of digital platforms. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This paper addresses the paradox perspective on the banking sector changes during the intensive processes of digitalization and the creation of new ‘platform ecosystems.’ This topic has not been studied in this context so far.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti‐Inflammatory Nanoplatform for Effective Management of Infected Wounds
Authors: Su Huining , Chen Yang , Jing Xunan , Zhao Xiaoping , Sun Heng , Liu Zhicheng , Qiu Yao , Zhang Zuoliang , Guan Hao , Meng Lingjie
Published: November 2023

Burn wound healing continues to pose significant challenges due to excessive inflammation, the risk of infection, and impaired tissue regeneration. In this regard, an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory nanocomposite (called HPA) that combines a nanosystem using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and the natural polyphenol of Phloretin with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is developed. HPA effectively disperses AgNPs to mitigate any toxicity caused by aggregation while also showing the pharmacological activities of Phloretin. During the initial stage of wound healing, HPA rapidly releases silver ions from its surface to suppress bacterial activity. Moreover, these nanoparticles are pH‐sensitive and degrade efficiently in the acidic infection microenvironment, gradually releasing Phloretin. This sustained release of Phloretin helps scavenge overexpressed reactive oxygen species in the infected microenvironment area, thus reducing the upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The antibacterial activity, free radical clearance, and regulation of inflammatory factors of HPA through in vitro experiments are validated. Additionally, its effects using an infectious burn mouse model in vivo are evaluated. HPA is found to promote collagen deposition and epithelialization in the wound area. With its synergistic antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities, as well as favorable biocompatibilities, HPA shows great promise as a safe and effective multifunctional nanoplatform for burn injury wound dressings.
Information conveyed by management zones and optimal soybean seeding rate
Authors: Zhao Yue , Hennessy David A. , Lindsey Laura E. , Singh Maninder P. , Lindsey Alexander J.
Published: November 2023

The application of variable rate seeding (VRS) enables soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growers to allocate seed more efficiently on heterogeneous farmland and thus potentially increases profit by reducing seed cost and/or increasing yield. Successful implementation of VRS depends on the appropriate division of management zones where producers apply different seeding rates. We construct an economic conceptual model for evaluating the information conveyed by management zones. The model implies that distinct management zones should differ by marginal seed productivity when evaluated at the same seeding rate. Based on this model and a dataset collected from 10 on‐farm trials in Ohio and Michigan in 2017 and 2018, we implement a quadratic model regression analysis describing yield response to seeding rate. Results show that management zones in four out of 10 trials do not display statistically significant differences in marginal seed productivity. The small differences across management zones could result from the soybean plant's ability to compensate for yield due to fewer plants by increasing branches per plant and/or from inappropriately identified management zones. The estimated profit gains from applying VRS across the 10 trials vary from $0.20 to $30.60 ha−1. We also find that increasing seeding rate and mean yield decreases yield variability and yield skewness. Overall, the difference in marginal seed productivity is crucial for the appropriate determination of VRS management zones.
Examining citizenship regimes in Assam through a structural and cultural violence lens
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa , Azad Abdul Kalam , Tanjeem Najifa
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we examine citizenship crisis in the Northeast Indian state of Assam through the lenses of structural and cultural violence. In 2019, close to two million people in Assam were disenfranchised by updating the National Register of Citizens (NRC). The vast majority of those disenfranchised are Miya people who have been subjected to legacies of persecution and violence since the early 19th century during British colonial rule. We map the contours of the citizenship crisis by centering the struggles of Miya communities who are most deeply impacted by violent citizenship regimes. Using a structural and cultural violence lens, we elucidate the linkages between colonial histories, (post)colonial policies, and institutional practices on the one hand and Miya people's everyday struggles on the other. Across these analyses, we demonstrate how current citizenship regimes operate as a form of state‐sanctioned violence against Miya people. The implications of these analyses for rethinking contemporary notions of citizenship and belonging for community‐engaged scholarship are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL GROWTH OF STRONTIUM CHLOROAPATITE (SR5(PO4)3CL) DOPED WITH MANGANESE(V) AND STUDY OF THE ABSORPTION SPECTRUM
Authors: BORROMEI R. , FISICARO E.
Published: November 2023

Das Elektronenspektrum der Titelverbindung wird bei 4.2 K im Bereich 8000‐44000 cm‐1 aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL RESONANCE AND ELECTRODE PROPERTIES
Authors: DESPIC A. R. , JOVIC V. D. , DJOROVIC M. V.
Published: November 2023

Die Aufnahme des Resonanz‐ Spektrums und die Bestimmung der Resonanzparameter in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration eines Redox‐Systems zur Untersuchung der Grenzflächenprozesse wird auf das System mit gemischter Aktivierungs‐ und Diffusionskontrolle Fe(II)/Fe(III) in Perchlorsäure angewendet.
ChemInform Abstract: DETERMINATION OF PORE DISTRIBUTION OF MICROPOROUS SOLIDS BY EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: HALASZ I. , VOGTEL P. , GROH R.
Published: November 2023

Das bekannte Verfahren wird auf den mikroporösen Bereich erweitert.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF ADMIXTURES ON THE FORMATION OF ALUMINUM NICKEL OXIDE (NIAL2O4) BY SOLID PHASE REACTION
Authors: MACAK J. , KOUTSKY B.
Published: November 2023

Die Reaktion A wird durch Zusätze von V(V) und Ti(IV) beschleunigt, durch Zusätze von Mo(VI) und Cr(III) dagegen verzögert.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE TO CARBON DIOXIDE BY NICKEL‐NITROGEN DIOXIDE COMPLEXES: A MECHANISTIC STUDY
Authors: FELTHAM R. D. , KRIEGE J. C.
Published: November 2023

Die Kinetik der unter Bildung von CO2 und (III) verlaufenden Oxidation von CO durch das komplexe Nitrit (I) in Methylenchlorid wird spektrophotometrisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TETRATHIAZYL DICHLORIDE; PART 7. A NEW THIAZYL FLUORIDE ‐ N4S4F2
Authors: ZBORILOVA L. , GEBAUER P. , STRNAD J.
Published: November 2023

N4S4Cl2 wird entsprechend den Gleichungen A, B und C umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW MIXED‐VALENCE COMPOUNDS WITH ANTIMONY(III) AND ANTIMONY(V) OF THE ALKYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE HEXACHLOROANTIMONATE(3‐) HEXACHLOROANTIMONATE(1‐) ((RH+)8(CL‐)4SBCL63‐SBCL6‐) TYPE
Authors: EISINGER H. K. , LATSCHA H. P.
Published: November 2023

Entsprechend den Reaktionsgleichungen A‐Fwerden Sb(III)/Sb(V)‐ Verbindungen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPOUND FORMATION OF MO:M2O3. PART III. BERYLLIUM GALLIUM OXIDE (BEGA2O4)
Authors: SCHWEIZER M. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK.
Published: November 2023

BeGa2O4 wurde durch Erhitzen von BeO und Ga2O3 im Niederdruckhochfrequenzplasmabrenner auf 2000°C dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON 1‐HETERO‐4‐STANNA‐2,5‐CYCLOHEXADIENES
Authors: BERGER H.‐O. , NOETH H. , WRACKMEYER B.
Published: November 2023

NMR‐Daten (1H, 11B, 13C,14N, 29Si, 31P, 119Sn) der Verbindungen (I)‐(IV) werden mitgeteilt.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF 1,1,2,2‐TETRACYCLOHEXYLETHANE
Authors: BAXTER S. G. , FRITZ H. , HELLMANN G. , KITSCHKE B. , LINDNER H. J. , MISLOW K. , RUECHARDT C. , WEINER S.
Published: November 2023

Die Konformation im Grundzustand ist nach Röntgenstrukturanalyse (P21/a mit Z=4) und NMR gauche in Übereinstimmung mit HMO‐Rechnungen.
ChemInform Abstract: TECHNETIUM RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT. 1. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND STRUCTURE OF DICHLORO(HYDROTRIS(1‐PYRAZOLYL)BORATO)OXOTECHNETIUM(V)
Authors: THOMAS R. W. , ESTES G. W. , ELDER R. C. , DEUTSCH E.
Published: November 2023

Der neutrale lipophile Titelkomplex (I) wird durch Reduktion von Ammoniumpertechnetat (99Tc) mit K‐tetrahydridoborat in wäßriger 3 M HCl‐Lösung in Gegenwart von K‐hydrido‐tris‐[ l‐pyrazolyl]‐borat dargestellt und durch IR‐, Raman‐ sowie NMR‐Spektren charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERALIZED TRANSITION STATE THEORY. BOND ENERGY‐BOND ORDER METHOD FOR CANONICAL VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS WITH APPLICATION TO HYDROGEN ATOM TRANSFER REACTIONS
Authors: GARRETT B. C. , TRUHLAR D. G.
Published: November 2023

Es wird ein Formalismus für Atom‐Diatom‐Reaktionen abgeleitet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ACTIVITY OF SOLUTIONS OF DODECACARBONYL‐TRIANGULO‐TRIRUTHENIUM (RU3(CO)12) AS CATALYSTS FOR THE FISCHER‐TROPSCH REACTION
Authors: DOYLE M. J. , KOUWENHOVEN A. P. , SCHAAP C. A. , VAN OORT B.
Published: November 2023

Dodecacarbonyl‐triangulo‐triruthenium wirkt als Katalysator bzw. als Vorstufe für einen Katalysator bei der Fischer‐Tropsch‐Synthese von Kohlenwasserstoffen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE BUCHERER‐BERGS AND STRECKER REACTIONS OF TROPINONE, CIS‐BICYCLO(3.3.0)OCTAN‐3‐ONE AND CIS‐3,4‐DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANONE
Authors: TRIGO G. G. , AVENDANO C. , SANTOS E. , EDWARD J. T. , WONG S. C.
Published: November 2023

Die aus dem Keton (II) bzw. (V) erhältlichen Produkte (I), (III), (IV) bzw. (VI) der Strecker bzw. Bucherer‐ Bergs‐Reaktion (bekannte Umsetzungen) besitzen die angegebenen Strukturen ("C‐ NMR‐ und röntgendiffraktometrische Untersuchungen).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARATIVE CHEMISTRY OF THE BAY‐ AND NON‐BAY‐REGION TETRAHYDRO EPOXIDES OF PHENANTHRENE
Authors: ROGERS D. Z. , BRUICE T. C.
Published: November 2023

Die Hydrolyse der Epoxide (I) und (II), die bemerkenswert ähnlich verläuft, führt zu den cis‐ und trans‐Diolen als einzigen Produkten, wobei das Epoxid (I), das eine "bay‐region" enthält, einen größeren Anteil an cis‐Diol bildet als (II).
ChemInform Abstract: METHANOLYSIS OF ALKANESULFINYL CHLORIDES AS AN SN(S) REACTION
Authors: HEESING A. , JASPERS M. , SCHWERMANN I.
Published: November 2023

Die Titelverbindungen (I) reagieren mit Methanol oder [O‐D]‐Methanol, auch wenn zunächst Pyridin zugesetzt wird, zu den in keinem Falle deuterierten Sulfinaten (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCYCLIC EFFECTS IN SOLVOLYSIS. 2. SYNTHESIS AND SOLVOLYSIS OF β,β‐DIVINYL‐β‐PHENETHYL TOSYLATE
Authors: WILT J. W. , NIINEMAE R.
Published: November 2023

Benzylcyanid (I) wird mit NaH und Chlorethylvinylether (II) zu (IIIa) zweifach substituiert und dann nach Hydrolyse über (IIIb) zu (IIIc) tosyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC DIELS‐ALDER REACTION CATALYZED BY CHIRAL ALKOXYALUMINUM DICHLORIDE
Authors: HASHIMOTO S. , KOMESHIMA N. , KOGA K.
Published: November 2023

(VII) erhält man aus Cyclopentadien (I) und den ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen (II) Gemische der Cycloaddukte (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOHALOBORANE IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. IV. A DIRECTED ALDOL CONDENSATION USING G VINYLAMINODICHLOROBORANE
Authors: SUGASAWA T. , TOYODA T. , SASAKURA K.
Published: November 2023

Aus dem Imin (I) und Bortrichlorid wird das Aminoboran (II) erhalten, das bei der Umsetzung mit Aldehyden oder Ketonen (III) die Alkohole (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ENOL ETHERS WITH DIOLS IN THE PRESENCE OF MONTMORILLONITE: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC ACETALS
Authors: VU MOC THUY VU MOC THUY , MAITTE P.
Published: November 2023

Die Diole (I) reagieren mit dem Enol (II) in Gegenwart von aktiviertem Montmorillonit, genannt "Katalysator KSF von Girdler", zu den Dioxacyclanen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF 1‐(4‐HYDROXYPHENYL)‐2‐METHYLDIAZENES
Authors: HOFER E.
Published: November 2023

Die kurzzeitige Einwirkung von Licht (30 s) auf eine Lösung des trans‐Diazens (Ia) in [D6]Benzol führt zu Änderungen des 1H‐NMR‐Spektrums, aus denen gefolgert wird, daß die thermische cis‐trans‐Isomerisierung über das Chinonhydrazin (II) verläuft.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR REARRANGEMENTS OF TERTIARY AMINE OXIDES
Authors: CARLSON R. M. , HEINIS L. J.
Published: November 2023

Bei der Behandlung mit Persäuren entstehen die N‐Oxide (II), deren Pyrolyse nach verschiedenen Mechanismen zu den Folgeprodukten (III)‐(VII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIENONE‐PHENOL REARRANGEMENT OF 4‐CHLORO‐4‐METHYLCYCLOHEXADIENONES
Authors: FISCHER A. , HENDERSON N.
Published: November 2023

In saurer Lösung lagem sich die Chlorcyclohexadienone (I) in die Chlorphenole (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE N‐OXIDES OF Π‐DEFICIENT N‐HETEROAROMATICS. XXX. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ACRIDINE 10‐OXIDES (PART 2): SYNTHESIS AND REACTION OF DIBENZ(C,F)‐1,2‐OXAZEPINES
Authors: YAMADA S. , KANEKO C.
Published: November 2023

Bei der Bestrahlung der Acridin‐oxide (I) werden die Dibenzoxazepine (II) gebildet, von denen jedoch nur (IId) und (IIe) isoliert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBENE REARRANGEMENTS OF 2‐VINYLCYCLOBUTYLIDENE
Authors: BRINKER U. H. , KOENIG L.
Published: November 2023

Bei der Photolyse des Na‐ Hydrazons (I) entstehen, über das Carben (II), die Cyclopropane (III) und (IV), das Cyclobuten (VII) und das Allen (VIII) in Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC ALKYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH LITHIUM OR SODIUM TETRAALKYLALUMINATES MODIFIED BY CHIRAL AMINO ALCOHOLS
Authors: BOIREAU G. , ABENHAIM D. , HENRY‐BASCH E.
Published: November 2023

Eine asymm. Alkylierung der Carbonylverbindungen (IV) kann durch Umsetzung mit den ‐ aus entsprechenden Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen ‐ durch chirale Basen modifizierten Al‐Komplexen (III) erzielt werden: Mit (IIIb) bzw. (IIId) (günstigste Reagenzien hinsichtlich der Stereoselektivität) z.B. werden so die optisch aktiven Alkohole (V) (Prozentangaben in Klammern bezeichnen die optische Reinheit) gewonnen; aus (IIIa) und (IVa) wird der Alkohol (VI) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC AMIDOALKYLATION OF BENZENE AND DIMETHYL MALONATE WITH CYCLIC N‐FORMYL‐2‐METHOXYAMINES
Authors: MALMBERG M. , NYBERG K.
Published: November 2023

Die cyclischen Methoxy‐formamide (I) reagieren in Gegenwart von Aluminiumchlorid mit Benzol (II) oder Malonsäureester (IV) zu den Alkylierungsprodukten (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTION OF METHODS FOR THE UNEQUIVOCAL SYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED ALKYNES. PART 2. ALKYNES WITH TWO BRANCHED GROUPS
Authors: BERNADOU F. , MESNARD D. , MIGINIAC L.
Published: November 2023

Der Anwendungsbereich mehrerer Synthesemethoden für Alkine mit zwei verzwei 1ten Gruppen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ANIONIC ACTIVATION ON SOLID INORGANIC SUPPORTS: MALONIC ESTER SYNTHESES
Authors: BRAM G. , FILLEBEEN‐KHAN T.
Published: November 2023

Die Behandlung des Malonsäureesters (II) mit "basischem" Aluminiumoxid, hergestellt aus 1 Äquival.
ChemInform Abstract: RING OPENING OF OXIRANES WITH TRIS(ETHYLTHIO)BORANE
Authors: KLEIN H. A.
Published: November 2023

DieUmsetzung der Glycidether (I) mit dem Titelreagenz (II) in siedendem Toluolliefert mitnur geringer Geruchsbelästigung die Ethylthiopropanole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESES VIA METALATED CHIRAL HYDRAZONES. ENANTIOSELECTIVE ALKYLATION OF CYCLIC KETONES AND ALDEHYDES
Authors: ENDERS D. , EICHENAUER H.
Published: November 2023

Aldehyde bzw. cyclische Ketone (II) werden mitdem chiralen Reagenz (I) zu den entsprechenden Hydrazone‐n (IIIa), (IIIb) (E/Z‐Gemisch) bzw. (IIIc) (ausschließlich E‐Isomere) umgesetznderen Metallierung die Lithioderivate (IV) gibLDiese liefern mit den Alkylhalogeniden (V) (Ausnahme: (IVc) (R2: Phenyl) mit Dimethylsulfat) dieiAlkylierungsprodukte (VI), nach deren Spaltung die chiralen Ketone (VII) in teilweise sehr hoher Enantioselektivität erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL ESTERS OF 3‐ OR 4‐AMIDINOPHENYLPYRUVIC ACID
Authors: RICHTER P. , KAZMIROWSKI H.‐G. , GARBE C. , WAGNER G.
Published: November 2023

Während Arylbrenztraubensäuren durch Erhitzen mit Alkoholen in Gegenwart von Säuren glatt verestert werden können, gelingt auf diesem Weg und ebenso nach anderen klassischen Methoden die Darstellung von Amidinophenylbrenztraubensäureestern nicht.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐(O‐CARBALKOXY‐ AND PHENOXYBENZOYL)‐ AND β‐CARBETHOXY‐β‐PHENYLHYDRAZIDES OF DISUBSTITUTED GLYCOLIC ACIDS AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: BERDINSKY I. S. , PAVLOV P. T. , GOLENEVA A. F. , KOSVINTSEVA L. S.
Published: November 2023

Durch Umsetzung der Hydrazide (I) mit Grignardverbindungen (II) und Phthalsäureestern (III) bzw. Chlorameisensäureester (V) erhält man in einer Eintopfreaktion die Bis‐acyl‐hydrazine (IV) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH β‐(3,4‐DICHLOROBENZOYL)ACRYLIC ACID
Authors: EL‐HASHASH M. , HOSNI G. , EL‐KADY M.
Published: November 2023

Die Friedel‐Crafts‐Alkylierung aromatischer Verbindungen mit der Benzoylacrylsäure (I) in Gegenwart von Aluminiumchlorid führt zu den Propionsäuren (III), die sich beim Erhitzen mit Acetanhydrid zu den Butenoliden (IV) dehydratisieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF A 4AH‐BENZOCYCLOHEPTENE
Authors: BRADBURY R. H. , GILCHRIST T. L. , REES C. W.
Published: November 2023

Mit Acrolein (II) erhält man aus dem Ylid (I) ein Gemisch der Cyclopropanaldehyde (III), die mit dem Phosphorylid (IV) den ungesättigten Ester (V) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CONFIGURATION OF 1,2,3‐TRIPHENYL‐ AND 1,3‐DIPHENYL‐2‐METHYLINDANS
Authors: MARCUZZI F. , MELLONI G.
Published: November 2023

Die Addition des Alkylchlorids (I) an die Olefine (II) unter Friedel‐Crafts‐Bedingungen ergibt in Gegenwart von ZnCl2 die primären Indanderivate (III), wobei unabhängig von der Konfiguration des eingesetzten Olefins in jedem Falle das gleiche geometrische Isomer gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED ROUTE TO UNSYMMETRICAL 2,7‐DISUBSTITUTED PHENANTHRENES
Authors: CHALK A. J. , HALLAS G.
Published: November 2023

Aus dem Dihydrophenanthren (I) werden über das Nitroderivat (II) das Bromnitrodihydrophenanthren (III) und das entsprechende Phenanthren (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 4A‐METHYL‐4,4A,9,10‐TETRAHYDRO‐2(3H)‐PHENANTHRONE: AN INTERMEDIATE USEFUL IN TERPENE SYNTHESIS
Authors: CAMPBELL A. L. , MCCHESNEY J. D.
Published: November 2023

Nach einer verbesserten Verfahrensweise wird Phenanthren (I) durch reduktive Alkylierung in ein Gemisch (97:3) der beiden Diene (II) und (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPENTA(CD)PYRENE, A UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGEN
Authors: RUEHLE P. H. , FISCHER D. L. , WILEY J. C. JUN.
Published: November 2023

Die Pyrenessigsäure (I) wird zum Keton (II) cyclisiert, das über den entsprechenden Alkohol in den gesuchten Kohlenwasserstoff (III) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF FURAN AND FUMARYL CHLORIDE: X‐RAY CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF AN OXABICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTANE DERIVATIVE. SYNTHESIS OF REDUCTION PRODUCTS OF CIS‐MANEONENE‐A
Authors: JENNINGS‐WHITE C. L. D. , HOLMES A. B. , RAITHBY P. R.
Published: November 2023

Furan (I) bildet mit (II)‐ das Cycloaddukt (III), dessen Bromlactonisierungsprodukt (IV) als Vorstufe zur Synthese der im Titel genannten Reduktionsprodukte (V) und (VI) dient.
ChemInform Abstract: THIONE S‐IMIDES. REACTION WITH THE CARBON‐CARBON DOUBLE BOND: 1,3‐DIPOLAR AND D DIELS‐ALDER‐TYPE CYCLOADDITION AND ENE REACTIONS
Authors: SAITO T. , MOTOKI S.
Published: November 2023

Aus den. Thion‐S‐imiden (I) und Vinylethern (II) entstehen die Addukte (III), aus dem Enamin (IV) und (Ia) erhält man ein Addukt (V).
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL THERMAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL REARRANGEMENTS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED 2‐PYRIDONES
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , CHAPMAN A. V. , COOK M. J. , MILLET G. H.
Published: November 2023

Die Pyridone (I) werden beim Erhitzen unter Eliminierung von Formaldehyd zu den Pyridonen (II) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW STYRYLQUINOLINES OF EXPECTED ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: KAMEL M. M. , NASR M. E.
Published: November 2023

Das Chinolon (I) wird zum Chinaldin (II) aromatisiert, das mit Aminen (III) zu den 4‐Aminochjnaldinen (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF POLYNITRATED 2‐AMINOPERIMIDINES
Authors: DASGUPTA P. K. , NAYAK A. , NEWKOME G. R. , WEST P. W.
Published: November 2023

Die Nitrierung von 2‐Aminoperimidin hängt von der Art des Salzes ab, wobei aus dem Sulfat (I) die Nitro‐ Verbindungen (II) und (III), aus dem Hydrobromid (IV) die Folgeprodukte (V) ‐(VII) unter Mitreaktion des Bromwasserstoffes erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 5‐THIOXOOCTAHYDROIMIDAZO(2,1‐C)‐ AND 6‐THIOXOOCTAHYDRO‐2H‐PYRIMIDO(2,1‐C)QUINAZOLINES FROM TETRAHYDROTRITHIOISATOIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: LEISTNER S. , GIRO A. P. , WAGNER G.
Published: November 2023

Die Thiazinthione (I) setzen sich mit den Diaminen (II) in einer Ringöffnungs‐Ringschluß‐Reaktion zu den Chinazolinen (III) um, während mit (IIb) das Bis‐chinazolin (IV) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CARBON‐13 NMR STRUCTURAL STUDY, AND REACTIVITY OF NEW ISOALLOXAZINE MODELS (FLAVINS)
Authors: KRAUS J.‐L. , YAOUANC J.‐J. , STURTZ G.
Published: November 2023

Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über den Inaktivierungsmechanismus von Flavoproteinen durch Inhibitoren des Typs "suicide‐substrates" werden die neuen Modell‐Isoalloxazine (V) und (VII) synthetisiert, deren Strukturen im Einklang mit den 13C‐NMR‐Spektren sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES IN UNNATURAL CYCLIC AMINO ACIDS
Authors: LEE V. J. , WOODWARD R. B.
Published: November 2023

Aus dem 1,2‐Oxazin (I) entsteht mit Bleitetraacetat das Dehydrierungsprodukt (II), das zu (III) alkyliert und dann in das Nitril (IVa) übergeführt wird, während die tert‐Butylverbindung (IVb) I07 aus (V) gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 1‐NITRO‐7‐ETHOXY PHENOTHIAZINES
Authors: OJHA K. G. , JAIN S. K. , GUPTA R. R.
Published: November 2023

Durch Ringöffnung des Benzthiazols (I) mit Kalilauge entsteht das o‐Aminothiophenol (II), das in Form seines HCI‐Salzes mit reaktiven Halogennitroaromaten (III) über eine Smiles‐Umlagerung zu den Phenothiazinen (IV) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED 3‐OXO‐1,2,6‐THIADIAZINE 1,1‐DIOXIDES
Authors: HANSEN H. , KOENIG K.‐H. , ROHR W.
Published: November 2023

Die in 2‐Stellung substituierten Titelverbindungen (IV) sind durch Whitehead‐Synthese aus den Verbindungen (I) und (II) in zwei Stufen zugänglich.