bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ю.В. Быков, , В.А. Батурин,
Published: January 2023

Сахарный диабет (СД) 1-го типа является одной из распространенных эндокринопатий детского возраста. Данное заболевание характеризуется высокой частотой развития острых и хронических осложнений. Несмотря на установленную аутоиммунную природу СД 1-го типа, продолжается поиск новых патофизиологических механизмов развития как самого заболевания, так и его осложнений. Оксидативный стресс (ОС) рассматривается как важная составляющая патогенеза многих заболеваний, в том числе СД 1-го и 2-го типов. ОС представляет собой патологическое состояние, когда скорость образования свободных радикалов превышает возможности антиоксидантной защиты организма, что приводит к токсическому поражению клетки. ОС может быть вовлечен в патогенез СД 1-го типа, за счет повреждения β-клеток поджелудочной железы. ОС играет важную роль в развитии диабетических осложнений за счет запуска процессов аутоокисления глюкозы, нарушения выработки оксида азота и снижения функции антиоксидантных ферментов. Из возможных маркёров ОС на фоне СД 1-го типа рассматриваются: малоновый диальдегид, 8-изо-простагландин F2a, миелопероксидаза, супероксиддисмутаза, глутатионпероксидаза и др. Максимально раннее выявление проявлений ОС у детей с СД 1-го типа может не только помочь вовремя диагностировать диабетические осложнения, но и решать важные профилактические задачи. Своевременная диагностика ОС при СД 1-го типа у детей и подростков также может улучшить терапевтические результаты.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of highly prevalent endocrinopathies of childhood. This disorder is characterized by a high incidence of acute and chronic complications. Although the autoimmune nature of type 1 DM has been established, searches are continuing for new pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both the disease itself and its complications. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered an important pathogenetic component of the development of numerous disorders, including type 1 and 2 DM. OS is a pathological state, in which free radicals are generated at a rate that overwhelms the capacity of the antioxidant defense with resultant toxic damage to cells. OS may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 DM by damaging pancreatic β-cells. OS plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications by triggering glucose autoxidation, impairing nitric oxide production, and decreasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Possible OS markers include malonic dialdehyde, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. The earliest possible detection of OS in children with type 1 DM may help not only to diagnose timely diabetic complications but also to achieve important goals of prevention. Timely detection of OS in children and adolescents with type 1 DM may also improve therapeutic outcomes.
Kidney pathology in viral respiratory diseases, including COVID-19
Authors: С.Г. Александрова, , Л.В. Бычкова, , М.Р. Александрова, , Р.Р. Политидис, , Н.Д. Кислый,
Published: January 2023

В данной обзорной статье представлен материал по выявлению почечной патологии при респираторных инфекциях (вирусных и бактериальных), в том числе при новой коронавирусной инфекции SARS-CoV-2. Описаны существующие на сегодняшний день клинические варианты течения новой инфекции, вероятные патогенетические механизмы развития осложнённого и неосложнённого течения. Изучение патогенеза поражения почек при коронавирусной пневмонии, поиск оптимальной терапии осложнений со стороны почек при коронавирусной пневмонии и меры их профилактики продолжаются.

This review presents data on the detection of renal pathology associated with respiratory infections (viral and bacterial), including the novel coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2. Currently known clinical variants of the course of this novel infection and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of complicated and uncomplicated courses are described. Studies of the pathogenesis of kidney damage in coronavirus pneumonia and searches for optimal therapy and prevention of kidney complications in coronavirus pneumonia are ongoing.
ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE IN THE CITY OF TYUMEN
Authors: А.П. Куртенкова, , Л.Н. Гилёва, , Е.Д. Подрядчикова,
Published: January 2023

Строительная отрасль является одним из ключевых антропогенным фактором воздействия на экологию города Тюмени. Развитие утилизации строительных отходов происходит более активно, чем их переработка, которая способна сохранить как природные ресурсы, так и экологию города в целом.

The construction industry is one of the key anthropogenic factors affecting the ecology of the city of Tyumen. The development of the utilization of construction waste is more active than its processing, which is able to preserve both natural resources and the ecology of the city as a whole.
Virtual screening of knottin and defensin peptides perceives hits against the SARS CoV-2 RBD domain and hACE2 interaction
Authors: Tripathi Nitesh , Bandyopadhyay Anupam
Published: January 2023

Targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) has been an attractive therapeutic target for peptide or protein drug discovery to inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells. Developing inhibitors for such extensive (RBD and human ACE2 interaction) contact surfaces involves multiple challenges. We sought to start in silico investigation with well-known knottins peptides from its databank for the first time and host defense peptides, defensins, due to their multifaceted antimicrobial activity. The molecular-level examination resulted in a handful of peptides binding selectively with the spike glycoprotein at low nanomolar potency. They exhibited a high thermodynamic binding stability in an MD simulation study. Noteworthy, Kalata B1 and human β-defensin 4 (HBD4) showed excellent interaction parameters calculated through an alanine scan of hot spot residues. These natural source peptide inhibitors could be a promising lead for developing SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic after an ongoing experimental assay test.
Modulating Activity and Selectivity of CO2 Electroreductions at Au-Water Interfaces via Tuning Local Cation Concentration
Authors: Qin Xueping , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine
Published: January 2023

The mechanistic understanding of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) under electrochemical conditions is crucial to modulate the overall catalytic performance. While electrolyte ions have received considerable attention, it remains unclear how cation modulates CO2RR and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Herein, by tuning the cation concentration (K+) at Au-water interfaces, both CO2 activation and Volmer step are studied involving the critical first electron transfer during CO2RR and HER, respectively, via the slow-growth sampling approach integrated ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that the high local metal cation concentration facilitates CO2RR via the direct coordination between cations and key intermediates but inhibits HER due to the destroyed connectivity of hydrogen bond network in the electric double layer, thus contributing to both high activity and selectivity of CO2RR. These findings highlight the critical role of alkali metal cations in modulating interfacial reaction kinetics.
Agreed Expert Opinion of the XI Educational International Consensus on Respiratory Medicine in Pediatrics on the organization of pertussis vaccination
Authors: Geppe Natalia A. , Malakhov Alexander B.
Published: January 2023

Pertussis remains a relevant public health issue in the Russian Federation. The recorded high incidence rate and trends indicate wide circulation of the pertussis pathogen. There has been increased pertussis incidence in children under 14 years of age due to the lifting of restrictive measures. From January through May 2022, there is a 100% increase in the pertussis incidence compared to the same period in 2021. The optimal strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality is vaccination during the first year of life and the first booster vaccination during the second year, ensuring maximum coverage of preventive vaccinations for young children, as well as the introduction of the second revaccination of children of 67 years old and subsequent revaccinations of children 14 years old, adolescents and adults from 18 years old every ten years from the last vaccination, using a combined vaccine for revaccination against pertussis (cell-free), diphtheria (with a reduced antigen content) and tetanus. During the implementation of the regional programs at stage I, it is possible to introduce additional revaccinations for children, adolescents, and adults at risk who need revaccination against pertussis, primarily with TDaP for children from 3 months to 3 years 11 months 29 days; acellular TDaP (Infanrix) for children from 2 months to 7 years of age; acellular TDaP-IPV-HBV/Hib (Infanrix Hexa) in children from 2 months to 2 years of age; acellular TDaP-IPV/Hib (Pentaxim) for children from 2 months of age; acellular TDaP (Adacel) for children 4 years of age and older following their labels.
The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infections in children: A review
Authors: Lokshina Evelina E. , Zaytseva Olga V.
Published: January 2023

The highest frequency of acute respiratory infections occurs in children aged 37 years (preschoolers), when the child begins to meet with an increased infectious load in children's organized groups. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is often detected in children with recurrent respiratory infections. At the same time, vitamin D is a complex regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, has an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect, and protects from a severe infection. The results of international and Russian studies demonstrate the feasibility of using vitamin D for the prevention and treatment of a number of respiratory infections in children and adults.
CONTEMPLATION OF THE ECONOMIC THEORY DEPARTMENT WITHIN THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF TVGU THROUGH THE LENS OF HISTORY
Authors: Давид Ильич Мамагулашвили, , Анатолий Анатольевич Вдовенко, , Андрей Владимирович Смирнов,
Published: January 2023

Данная статья посвящена кафедре экономической теории Института экономики и управления Тверского государственного университета, которой исполнилось 90-лет. Фокус анализа сосредоточен на конкретных людях - научно-преподавательском составе кафедры, которые ее создавали, развивали, внося посильный вклад в подготовку профессионалов и участвуя в жизни региона. Время показало, что кафедра, пройдя большой исторический этап вместе со становлением института, а затем и университета, достойно выдержала испытание временем.

This article is devoted to the Department of Economic Theory of the Institute of Economics and Management of Tver State University, which is 90 years old. The analysis is focused on specific people - the scientific and teaching staff of the department who created and developed it, making a feasible contribution to the training of professionals and participating in the life of the region. Time showed that the department, having passed a large historical stage along with the formation of the institute, and then the university, passed the test of time with dignity.
INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE FOREST ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KULITSKY DISTRICT FORESTRY
Authors: Любовь Валерьевна Муравьева, , Антон Романович Сергеев, , Ольга Юрьевна Сурсимова,
Published: January 2023

В статье анализируется состояние лесов Тверского лесничества на примере Кулицкого участкового лесничества. Выполнена интегральная оценка экологического состояния. При помощи ГИС-технологий и методов дистанционного зондирования земли были составлены и проанализированы тематические карты. Интегральная оценка степени преобразованности свидетельствует об удовлетворительном состоянии леса Кулицкого участкового лесничества.

The article analyzes the state of the forests of the Tver forestry on the example of the Kulitsky district forestry. An integral assessment of the ecological state was carried out. Thematic maps were compiled and analyzed using GIS technologies and methods of remote sensing of the earth. An integral assessment of the degree of transformation indicates a satisfactory condition of the Kulitsky district forestry forest.
EXPERIENCE OF URBAN FABRIC RESEARCH USING NEURAL NETWORKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SMALL TOWNS IN THE TVER REGION
Authors: Павел Сергеевич Лебедев, , Лидия Петровна Богданова,
Published: January 2023

Исследование проведено в рамках концепции социально-географического пространства города и направлено на оценку городского пространства и возможных пространственных связей населения в нем. В статье описывается опыт применения нейронных сетей для сегментации космических снимков и выделения на них контуров различных типов городской застройки. Типы застройки позволяют дифференцировать город, в том числе получить обобщенное представление о функциональном зонировании и городских ядрах тяготения населения: центрах обслуживания, проживания и приложения труда. Информация о функциональном назначении и центрах позволяет составить представление о социально-пространственных связях населения. Кроме того, метод позволяет компенсировать нехватку открытых пространственных данных по малым городам. Главным недостатком метода являются высокие требования к вычислительной мощности и необходимость сбора и разметки исходных данных.

The research was conducted within the framework of the concept of the socio-geographical space of the city and is aimed at assessing the urban space and possible spatial connections of the population. The article describes the experience of using neural networks to segment satellite images and highlight contours of various types of urban buildings on them. The types of development make it possible to differentiate the city, including to get a generalized picture of the functional zoning and urban cores of population gravity: service centers, accommodation and labor application. Information about the functional purpose and urban cores allows you to get an idea of the socio-spatial connections of the population. In addition, the method makes it possible to compensate for the lack of open spatial data for small cities. The main disadvantage of the method is the high requirements for computing power and the need to collect and mark up the source data.
MODIFICATION OF THE SILICA SURFACE BY ROLLING GROUPS
Authors: Людмила Батразовна Дзараева, , Анна Ашотовна Арутюнянц,
Published: January 2023

В работе предложена методика модифицирования поверхности кремнезема паракватными группировками взаимодействием γ,γ’-дипиридила с бромистым аллилом. Полученный N,N’-диаллил-γ,γ’дипиридиний дибромид введен в реакцию с триэтоксисиланом, а затем проведена сополиконденсация образованного бис-(3триэтоксисилилпропил)-γ,γ’-дипиридиний дибромида с тетраэтоксисиланом.

The paper proposes a technique for modifying the silica surface with paraquatic groupings by the interaction of γ,γ’-dipyridyl with allyl bromide. The resulting N,N’-diallyl-γ,γ’-dipyridinium dibromide was reacted with triethoxysilane, and then copolycondensation of the formed bis-(3triethoxysilylpropyl)-γ,γ’-dipyridinium dibromide with tetraethoxysilane was carried out.
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER (II) COMPLEXONATES FORMED WITH MONOAMINE-TYPE COMPLEXONES
Authors: Татьяна Ивановна Смирнова, , Ирина Геннадьевна Тумасьева, , Алла Анатольевна Петрова, , Виктор Михайлович Никольский,
Published: January 2023

В полевых условиях исследовано влияние внекорневой обработки растворами комплексонатов меди (II) на основе иминодиуксусной кислоты (Cu-ИДУК) ииминодиянтарной кислоты (Cu-ИДЯК), а также и взятыми для сравнения растворами CuSO и свободных лигандов ИДЯК и ИДУК. Обнаружено, что применение Cu-ИДЯК в наибольшей степени по сравнению с другими вариантами опыта увеличивает содержание хлорофилла в листьях, а ликопина и β-каротина в плодах томата.

In the field, the effect of out-of-root treatment with iminodiacetic acid (Cu-IDA) -iiminodisuccinic acid (Cu-IDS) -based solutions of copper (II) complexonates and CuSO and free ligand solutions of IDA and IDS were investigated. The use of Cu-IDS has been found to increase the content of chlorophyll in leaves, and lycopene and β -carotine in tomato fruits to the greatest extent compared to other test variants.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS PRODUCED FROM HUSK OF PODS PEA AND VEGETABLE BEANS
Authors: Владимир Владимирович Орлов, , Полина Дмитриевна Михайлова, , Екатерина Михайловна Короткова, , Елена Владимировна Ожимкова,
Published: January 2023

Отходы сельского хозяйства, не имеющие пищевой ценности, представляют особый интерес в качестве вторичных ресурсов для получения востребованных биологически активных веществ. Ежегодно в мире производится около 800 млн. тонн сухих сельскохозяйственных отходов, что приводит к проблемам загрязнения окружающей среды. Следовательно, эффективная переработка таких отходов одновременно решает и экологические вопросы, и позволяет получить продукты с высокой добавочной стоимостью из бросового сырья. В представленной работе проведено исследование химического состава водных экстрактов, полученных из створок гороха сорта «Сладкий жемчуги бобов «Русские черные, проанализирована антиоксидантная активность полученных экстрактов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки рациональных способов переработки данных крупнотоннажных растительных отходов.

Agricultural waste, which has no nutritional value, is of particular interest as secondary resources for obtaining biologically active substances in demand. About 800 million dry tons of agricultural waste are produced annually in the world, which leads to problems of environmental pollution. Consequently, the efficient processing of such wastes simultaneously solves environmental issues and makes it possible to obtain products with a high added value from waste raw materials. In the presented work, a study was made of the chemical composition of aqueous extracts obtained from the wings of pea varieties "Sweet Pearls" and beans "Russian Black", the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts was analyzed. The results obtained can be used to develop rational methods for processing these large-tonnage plant wastes.
STUDY OF THE PARAMETERS OF A ZSM-5 TYPE CATALYST AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF ALCOHOLS
Authors: Юлия Андреевна Белоусова, , Наталия Валерьевна Лакина, , Валентин Юрьевич Долуда,
Published: January 2023

В данной работе представлен литературный обзор данных по параметрам катализатора влияющим на процесс каталитической трансформации этанола. Показано, что изменения производимые с катализатором, такие как например изменения массы, кислотности, пористости,имеют определенную степеньвлияния на количественный и качественный выход продуктов в ходе реакции (бензол, толуол, ксилол, этил бензол, этил ксилол и т.д.). В работе приведены сведения о катализаторах как наиболее эффективном методевлияния на процесс каталитической трансформации этанола.

This paper presents a literature review of data on the parameters of the catalyst affecting the process of catalytic transformation of ethanol. It is shown that the changes produced with the catalyst have a certain degree of influence on the quantitative and qualitative yield of products during the reaction. The paper provides information about catalysts as the most effective method of influencing the process of catalytic transformation of alcohols.
From the Desk of the Editor in Chief... Opportunities for Health Care Research In RGUHS
Authors: Koneri Dr. Raju
Published: January 2023

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CHARACTERISATION OF GOLD-ASSOCIATED BASE METALS IN ITAGUNMODI, ILESHA SCHIST BELTS, NIGERIA, TO ASCERTAIN THEIR ORE BODY FORMATION TRENDS
Authors: T. Asubiojo Michael , O. Olomo Kazeem , K. Olaleye Olawatoyin , B. Olatunbosun Joshua
Published: January 2023

The analysis of the discovered base metal elements in Itagunmodi, Southwest, Ife-Ilesha schist belts, Nigeria, with a case study of Amuta, was carried out to ascertain the likelihood of these elements forming ore bodies that might sustain mining activity in the area alongside gold. The aim is to determine the economic viability potentials of the detected base metals’ mineralisation to support mining activities in the study area. The geochemical analysis results indicated that the concentrations of these elements copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (pb), and zinc (Zn) are substantial in the majority of the locations when compared to the area’s typical concentrations. When the copper 614.2, nickel 705.1, lead 47.1, and zinc 987.8 threshold values were compared to their recoverable concentrations, it was determined that these elements, with the exception of lead in location 4, are not anomalous in the area. When these elements’ concentration factors were compared to their usual crustal abundance values, it was determined that they are not enough concentrated to form ore bodies in the studied location. Electrical geophysical methods utilizing induced polarization were used to determine the locations of selected stream samples. The results from the five locations typically indicated a significant IP signature with chargeability values ranging from 8 to 18 msec, confirming the occurrence of base metals mineralization in the study region. This indicates that the ore deposit is uneven and distributed within fault/fracture zones. As a result, the detected base metals’ mineralisation potentials in the study region are not economically viable to support mining activities. Thus, it is concluded that, while the studied area is mineralized in base metals, its ore body formation propensity is extremely low, and thus cannot sustain economically viable mining activities.
PRESENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF UNDERUTILIZED VEGETABLES AS PERCEIVED BY THE RETAILERS AND CONSUMERS OF KHULNA CITY OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Yamin Kabir Md. , Khan Mim Mouri , Ferdous Katha Jannatul , Islam Md. Matiul
Published: January 2023

Though underutilized vegetables are safe, cheap and rich sources of proteins, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants; they attract very little attention from the researchers and from the vegetables’ traders. The study was conducted to evaluate the status of underutilized vegetables at retailers’ and consumers’ level of Khulna city along with the problems faced by the retailers and preferences of the consumers related to underutilized vegetables. More than half (60%) of the retailers were middle aged and only 12.5% were young. Three-fourths (75%) of the retailers were female though only 2.5% had received higher secondary level of education. Only one-fourth of the retailers participated in different organizations though all showed low involvement with those activities. However, majority of the retailers (82.5%) showed favorable attitude towards underutilized vegetables. Among the consumers, about a half of them (47.5%) belonged to middle age, 42.5% had postgraduate degree, and only 12.5% were involved with different organizations. However, just more than one-third (35%) consumers bought underutilized vegetables regularly. Consumers preferred underutilized vegetables mainly because of health and nutritional benefits. Laborious collection of underutilized vegetables, not getting permission from the owner, and collecting vegetables all day long without having meal ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively in terms of problems being faced by the retailers.
STRENGTHENING POLICY OF EX-SITU BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT CONSERVATION PREVENTING BIODIVERSITY LOSS IN CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER BOTANICAL GARDEN
Authors: Lubis Efridani , . Mulyono , . Fauziah
Published: January 2023

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) as international system for biodiversity conservation stated that all botanical garden should conserve endangered biodiversity. In this context, the IUCN publish the IUCN’s Red List every year; in the year 2021 for example only around 35,765 species or 28% out of 75% conserved in ex-situ conservation or botanical garden. Indonesia has been developed further the notion through Presidential Decree No. 93/2011 that accommodated Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Target 8 stated that at least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex- situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 percent available for recovery and restoration programs. From previous study, two out of six botanical gardens managed by the Government implemented the Target varied. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate others including The Cibinong Science Center Botanical Garden (CSCBG). The study used qualitative method combined with policy approach through interview and observation with Miles and Hubermen approach for analysis. The result shows that the Gardens has not accommodated the policy yet, however the Garden has introduced technology with more than 6.000 species equipped with barcode. The collection is mainly Indonesia tropical plants specifically flora at lowland. Therefore, to strengthening policy of ex-situ conservation in the CSBG needs further policies: (a) coordination among and within related actors, (b) integration of biodiversity conservation into socio-economic sectors, (c) adequacy and sufficiency of funds, and (d) governance and stakeholder participation.
Genomic surveillance and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 across South America
Authors: Ribeiro Dias Maria Fernanda , Andriolo Bruce Veiga , Silvestre Diego Henrique , Cascabulho Paula Lopes , Leal da Silva Manuela
Published: January 2023

After 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the protocols used to control infection lack attention and analysis. We present data about deposits of complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database made between January 2021 and May 31, 2022. We build the distribution profile of SARS-CoV-2 variants across South America, highlighting the contribution and influence of each variant over time. Monitoring the genomic sequences in GISAID illustrates negligence in the follow up of infected patients in South America and also the discrepancies between the number of complete genomes deposited throughout the pandemic by developed and developing countries. While Europe and North America account for more than 9 million of the genomes deposited in GISAID, Africa and South America deposited less than 400 000 genome sequences. Genomic surveillance is important for detecting early warning signs of new circulating viruses, assisting in the discovery of new variants and controlling pandemics.
Cryogenic Memory Elements using Rare Earth Nitrides
Authors:   , Devese Samuel
Published: January 2023

The rare earth nitrides (RENs) are a series of intrinsically ferromagnetic semiconductors with a range of contrasting magnetic properties across the series due to the filling of their 4f electron orbitals. The electrical conductivity of the RENs can be tuned via nitrogen vacancy doping to achieve conductivities ranging from insulating to metallic-like. It is these properties that have prompted their use in memory device structures in recent years, with the potential for integration with superconducting computing in the future. We report on the potential use of the RENs as ferromagnetic (FM) layers in tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) device structures for non-volatile memory storage devices.

In this thesis, we present a study on the use of gadolinium nitride and dysprosium nitride as the ferromagnetic layers in a range of device structures including magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and in-plane conduction devices based on the giant magnetoresistance effect. First, we have fabricated and characterised GdN/AlN/GdN/Gd and GdN/GaN/GdN/Gd MTJ structures with a maximum TMR of 135% at 5 K for magnetic fields of ±8 T. The maximum difference in resistance between the high- and low-resistance states – corresponding to the anti-aligned and aligned magnetisation states – at 0 T was ~0.53%.

Following this, magnetic tunnel junctions and GMR-style devices have been fabricated using gadolinium nitride and dysprosium nitride as the two FM layers. In the MTJ, lutetium nitride was used as the tunnel barrier material (GdN/LuN/DyN), while in the GMR-style devices, Lu and Al were separately used as the conductive exchange blocking layers (GdN/Lu/DyN and GdN/Al/DyN). A maximum difference in resistance states of ~1.2% and ~0.04% at 0 T was observed at 5 K for the MTJ and GMR-style devices respectively. This is the first time that a difference in resistance between the aligned and anti-aligned configuration has been observed for these device structures in the absence of an external magnetic field, demonstrating the use of GdN and DyN in such non-volatile memory elements.

We also report electrical transport and optical spectroscopy measurements on a series of lutetium nitride thin films variously doped with nitrogen vacancies, along with the computed band structures of stoichiometric and nitrogen vacancy doped LuN. Here, we bridge the void between computation and experiment with a combined study of LuN focusing on its electronic properties. We find that stoichiometric LuN is a semiconductor with an optical bandgap of ∼1.7 eV. Its conductivity can be controlled by doping with nitrogen vacancies, which results in defect states at the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum. These results not only provide information on LuN but also help underpin understanding of the electronic properties of the entire rare earth nitride series.
Effect of agro-climatic conditions on the incidence of brucellosis of reindeer in the arctic regions of Yakutia
Authors: Petrov P. L. , Protodyakonova G. P.
Published: January 2023

The spread of brucellosis in reindeer depending on agroclimatic conditions of their housing was studied. The experiment was conducted in Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky and Eveno-Bytantaysky districts of Yakutia in 2012–2019. It was shown that the annual air temperature for the studied period in all districts was higher than the norm by 1.1 ... 1.9 °С due to its more significant increase in the cold period (by 1.5 ... 2.8 °С) compared to the warm period (by 0.5 ... 0.6 °С). The highest temperature increase was registered in April (by 2.8 ... 4.4 °C) and November (by 2.2 ... 4.1 °C), in spring-summer period - in May (by 0.9 ... 1.7 °C), in July it was 0.2 ... 1.0 °С below the norm. The annual precipitation on the territory of the Eveno-Bytantaysky district changed slightly, and on the territory of the Momsky and Nizhnekolymsky districts increased by 40 and 70 mm, respectively. The incidence of brucellosis of reindeer, depending on the place (area) where reindeer are kept and weather conditions, ranged from 0 to 3.86% (coefficient of variation of 131%), fewer sick animals were in the Nizhnekolymsky district (0.20%), more – in Eveno-Bytantaysky (1.15%). There was a negative correlation (r = –0,19...–0,42) between the incidence of brucellosis in reindeer and the temperature during the cold months and the annual temperature, with the temperature of the spring-summer months - medium positive (r = 0,30...0,53) with a reliable level in July. In general, temperature had a greater effect on morbidity (r2 = 0.115) than precipitation (r2 = 0.092), but a significant inverse relationship (r = –0.48; r2 = 0.23) was found between annual precipitation sum and animal morbidity. In all months there was also a negative correlation between these indicators (r = –0.13...–0.41), except for April and August (r = 0.10 and 0.11, respectively). In winter months, this dependence was more significant (r = –0.30...–0.40) than in summer (r = –0.13...–0.27).
Efficiency of wheat use in organic animal husbandry
Authors: Ermokhin V. G. , Soloshenko V. A. , Soloviev K. A.
Published: January 2023

Conceptual justification of the basic feed raw materials list which is promising for the implementation of organic technologies in Siberia is a necessary step to solve the problem of organic production of regional livestock and the creation of an appropriate feed base. The results of the validity of the use of wheat in the organic production of livestock products are presented. The ways of transforming wheat to improve the efficiency of its use in animal feed are proposed. The objectives of the research included studying the agronomic possibilities of wheat cultivation in Siberia according to the rules of organic production, assessing the scale of its use for fodder purposes, determining the amino acid composition of regional wheat varieties, justifying the effectiveness of obtaining a feed additive from it, assessing the possibility of using the new additive in the diets of animals kept according to the rules of organic production. The yield of spring wheat cultivated in Siberia on fallow and organic production norms is 62.5% on average of the yield of wheat cultivated on conventional intensive technology. The loss of 38% of the yield due to organic technology can be compensated by increasing the area of its crops. The average values of the content of normalized amino acids in wheat of the studied 82 released varieties of Siberian breeding are less than the reference values. An experimental feed additive with a lysine content of about 20 g/kg in terms of dry matter was obtained from wheat. This is comparable with the lysine content in meat and bone meal, sunflower oil meal - traditional protein ingredients of Siberian feed for monogastric animals, but not included in the list of raw materials permitted for use in organic animal husbandry. Using the obtained additive full-fat mixed fodder for young pigs and poultry were composed. Positive effect of the obtained wheat additive on the productivity of experimental animals kept under the rules of organic production was experimentally established.
Financial Solace: Malaysian Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency Responses to COVID-19 Challenges
Authors: Ilias Ibtisam @ Ilyana , Hammad Azizi Nadzratun Naim , Abdul Rahman Noraiza , Mahali Mazlina
Published: January 2023

This study evaluates the measures undertaken by the Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency (AKPK) to assist those financially distressed due to their inability to meet their financial commitments amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Adopting secondary analysis of qualitative data, relevant secondary data, including journal articles, annual reports, and newspaper articles, were analyzed. The study finds that measures adopted by AKPK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic include reinforcing the workforce, enhancing IT infrastructures, deploying digital platforms, using various media channels, introducing online apps, online portals, online webinars, online learning modules, and online payment facility for all debt management participants. AKPK is also entrusted with handling small and medium enterprises (SMEs) under the Small Debt Resolution Scheme. A dedicated SME Helpdesk is established to facilitate the process. AKPK’s continual support to provide financial aid is reflected in its collaborative effort with the banking industry under the Financial Management and Resilience Program and the Financial Resilience Support Program. However, the government should seriously consider strengthening personal data protection laws because of AKPK’s significant reliance on digital platforms. Similarly, appropriate government bodies must take quick action to address the digital divide issue and promote inclusion to reduce disparity in terms of access to online services offered by AKPK. Also, since certain individuals or SMEs with credit facilities with entities not regulated by Bank Negara Malaysia are deprived of this incentive, relevant regulators should undertake actions to provide a similar facility. This study is significant in that it provides lessons to be learned by other credit counseling and debt management agencies in adopting effective measures to enable them to adapt to the new normal. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-011 Full Text: PDF
Probabilistic Analysis Depending on the Distance from A COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Areepong Yupaporn , Sunthornwat Rapin
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 has been affecting human beings since the end of 2019. Studying the characteristics of a COVID-19 outbreak is significant because it will add to the knowledge that is necessary for protecting the general public and controlling future viral outbreaks. The aims of the present research are to analyze COVID-19 outbreaks in Thailand depending on the distance from the outbreak center by using a differential equation, to construct a probability density function from the solution of the differential equation, and to prove the theorem for the probability density function depending on the distance from the outbreak. The least-squares-error method is adopted to estimate the parameters of the function describing the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, a cumulative distribution function, a quantile function, a sojourn function, a hazard function, the median, the expected value, variance, skewness, and kurtosis are derived, and their practicability is shown. Applying the exponentially weighted moving average control chart to monitor a COVID-19 outbreak based on distance is proposed and compared with monitoring the COVID-19 outbreak based on time. The results show that using the former more quickly detected the out-of-control first passage time of the COVID-19 outbreak than the latter. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SPER-012 Full Text: PDF
RANDOM WAYPOINT MOBILITY ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MOBILE SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: S. Hemalatha , Prakash Raj E. George Dharma
Published: January 2023

Mobile Sensor Network an emerging trend in recent network platform. Random waypoint mobility routing proposed on virtual infrastructure based mobile sensor network. Routing is highly challenging task in mobile sensor network, in which the random waypoint model used to ascertain through put and energy depletion. Sensor network classified into multiple regions. Scheduled time slot is assigned for data transmission in between source to sink. Routing table is periodically updated with its neighborhood information. In order to discovers sink node random waypoint mobility routing algorithm checks either clockwise or anti clockwise in the region to find an optimal route for reliable data transmission. In comparison to other cutting-edge cluster-based routing protocols, the effectiveness of the suggested technique assessed using the essential network characteristics. In addition proposed algorithm reduces normalized routing overhead and reselection of region head by varying the node density in the network.
The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Used by College Learners
Authors: Anita Anita , Wahyudi Benny
Published: January 2023

This research investigated the overall tendency of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies used by college learners in reading academic texts in English. The samples of this research were 25 third semester students of English Study Program at IAIN Bengkulu 2020. Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategy Inventory (MARSI) was used to assess adult ESL students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategy in increasing their reading comprehension. The results showed that the students in this survey are high strategy users in reading. The overall tendency of metacognitive awareness of reading strategies used by college learners in reading academic texts in English was problem-solving strategy (PROB) followed by global reading strategies (GLOB) and the least was support reading strategies (SUP). In the context of EFL students, it showed that problem-solving strategy was the most frequently used strategy. It is proposed to understudies and other readers that they ought to adjust those methodologies in applying them in perusing and be relatively guided by teachers or instructors in utilizing different perusing procedures.
An Analysis of English Teachers’ Strategies in Opening the Lesson in the Classroom
Authors: Arseta Nora , Harahap Alamsyah , Syafryadin Syafryadin
Published: January 2023

This research analyzed the strategies used by English teachers in opening learning at SMA N in Bengkulu Selatan. This study aims to find out the most prevalent strategy for opening lessons used by English teachers and why the English teachers choose those strategies in opening learning. The approach used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive research type. The subjects in this study were thirteen English teachers from five SMA N in Bengkulu Selatan. The instruments used in this research were observation checklists, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the most dominant strategies used by English teachers in opening learning at SMAN N Bengkulu Selatan were focusing attention and arousing students' interest, and generating student motivation. Teachers used those strategies to attract the students' attention and encourage students to be more involved in the learning process. This strategy is believed to be able to create a good relationship between teachers and students.
An Analysis of Students' Experience in the Use of Moodle in Writing Class during Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Kurniawan Bobby Iknatius , Septiana Ayu Rizki
Published: January 2023

Covid-19 has been declared a worldwide pandemic. The government implemented learning from home to preserve the health of students and school stakeholders. The writing class is frequently conducted through a face-to-face learning scheme. It encouraged learners to interact with their lecturers and receive the materials as well as the feedback directly. Along with the university's online learning policy, Moodle evolved as one of several tools for managing online learning, particularly in writing classes. It constitutes certain limitations on the teaching-learning process.  Students had new experiences as a result of the quick changes in the learning scheme. The researchers aimed to investigate how the students experienced using Moodle in writing class during pandemic COVID 19 and to investigate students’ perception of the effectiveness of using Moodle in writing class. This research is qualitative research. The writer used the phenomenology approach. The participants were 23 students from the fourth semester of the English education department Universitas Bhinneka PGRI.  Interview and questionnaire were used by the researchers in collecting the data. Data analysis can be described in three stages as Organizing and familiarizing and Coding and reducing, and Interpreting and representing. The data was presented in a descriptive form to capture the explanations, thoughts, and experiences of the participants. Based on the students' experiences, the results show that using Moodle in writing class benefited students in a variety of ways, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there are certain problems that students encountered. Despite their difficulties, they were able to overcome problems. According to the students' perceptions, the use of Moodle in the writing class was generally well-received. According to the majority of students, Moodle is effective in writing class, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Enhancing Young Adult Literature to Improve Reading Ability
Authors: Amelia Kiki Rizki , Novia Fitri
Published: January 2023

Reading is the manner of grasping the content of a paragraph of text. Nonetheless, some students are fighting to strengthen reading comprehension. This study proposed to confirm whether Young Adult literature improved students’ reading ability in narrative text. The design of that research was used quasi-experimental. Participants were eight grade students of SMP N 1 Inderalaya Selatan Ogan Ilir South Sumatera. The instrument used was a written test that included 25 questions in multiple-choice form. T-test was used to examine the data. Independent samples t-test analysis revealed that pvalue (0.001) was lower than άvalue (0.05). This study was indicated that learners who were encouraged to read narrative literature through Young Adult Literature improved significantly. In conclusion, the students improved their reading ability better by reading extensively through Young Adult Literature.
Gender Representation in an English Textbook Entitled Bahasa Inggris: When English Comes in Handy for Tenth Grade Students
Authors: Putra Pebri Prandika , Angelia Silfira Yuni
Published: January 2023

Based on categories of Gender visibility and Gender roles theory, gender representation and gender roles have been classified in several Main Characters, Named as Non-active Characters, Non-named, Non-active Characters, Appearances in Illustration, Noun and Pronoun. Therefore,  this research was aimed to find out Gender representation and gender roles in the English textbook entitled Bahasa Inggris When English Comes in Handy for Tenth Grade Students Published by Grafindo Media Pratama. The method of this research is a qualitative study using content analysis. The results of this research show that Male was dominant in categories such as the number of named- non active, non-named-non active, appearance in illustrations and titled & named. Furthermore, female characters were dominant in main characters. Also, the gender roles including domestic gender roles and public gender roles were dominant done by Male. In conclusion, in accordance with Stockdale's theory, the differences between Male and Female gender are more than 5%, then the book can be said to contain gender bias.
CIPP evaluation on emergency online learning during Covid-19 in STKIP MNC
Authors: Santosa Imam , Setiadi Syamsi , Suseno Muchlas
Published: January 2023

This study aims to evaluate the application of emergency online learning during covid 19 in STKIP Media Nusantara Citra using the CIPP evaluation model. The Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model was formed to identify the evaluation result for the sake of program improvement. The descriptive qualitative study was used in this research. The subjects of this research were the Director of STKIP MNC, the head of the quality control board, the vice director of STKIP MNC, The lecturers, the academic staff, and the students of STKIP MNC. The study utilized several instruments to gather the data; document analysis, observational checklist, questionnaire, and interview. The result of the study showed that in the context phase, the program was held based on a clear base: the Minister of Education and Culture letter No. 1 of 2020. In the input process. Moodle Learning Management system was the main component of delivering online learning. In the process stage, The Obstacles were internet networks and inadequate student-owned facilities, which are significant hurdles to the program's implementation. Moreover, the last phase, product evaluation, the use of LMS in online learning, eased the measurement of student participation in the program. However, the problems that appeared in the process evaluation must be the base of analysis in the future to ensure the sustainability of the hybrid learning program.