bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A importância da etapa preliminar de campo sistematizada pela Resolução nº510 do CNS para definição das Bases de uma Pesquisa Psicossocial
Authors: Valim Rosa Valim Rosa L. M. , Maciel Tania M. F. B.
Published: October 2019

A resolução nº 510, do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, de 7 de abril de 2016, no capítulo V, artigo 24º, estabelece que as etapas preliminares ao campo não precisam ser aprovadas por comitê de ética, mas devem primar pela avaliação da viabilidade para a realização da pesquisa. Entretanto, muitos pesquisadores não estão cientes da existência desta etapa, ou de suas características. O presente artigo procura exemplificar a importância desta etapa preliminar de campo para a modelagem da problemática, da axiomática e dos caminhos metodológicos de um projeto de pesquisa relacionado à temática de resistência das integrantes da Associação de Mulheres de Vila Canoas e Pedra Bonita às representações oblíquas e estigmatizadas dos que adentram a favela de Vila Canoas para realizar registros dos moradores locais em suas esferas ou espaços íntimos, pessoais, sem prévia autorização, a partir de ângulos parciais ou distorcidos – especialmente graças ao turismo de favela. Para a estruturação deste artigo e comprovação da validade desta etapa preliminar, relata-se a visita preliminar à comunidade que serviu de campo para esta pesquisa. Para além da visita, ocorreram conversas com uma das lideranças locais. As conversas transcorreram livres de conjecturas ou registros, uma vez que a ideia era averiguar as condições necessárias à realização da pesquisa.
Use of Longitudinal EEG Measures in Estimating Language Development in Infants With and Without Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Wilkinson Carol L. , Gabard-Durnam Laurel J. , Kapur Kush , Tager-Flusberg Helen , Levin April R. , Nelson Charles A.
Published: October 2019

Language development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies greatly among affected individuals and is a strong predictor of later outcomes. Younger siblings of children with ASD have increased risk of ASD, but also language delay. Identifying neural markers of language outcomes in infant siblings could facilitate earlier intervention and improved outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether electroencephalography (EEG) measures from the first 2 years of life can explain heterogeneity in language development in children at low and high risk for ASD, and whether associations between EEG measures and language development are different depending on ASD risk status or later ASD diagnosis. In this prospective longitudinal study, EEG measures collected between 3 and 24 months were used in a multivariate linear regression model to estimate participants’ 24-month language development. Individual baseline longitudinal EEG measures included (1) the slope of EEG power across 3 to 12 months or 3 to 24 months of life for six canonical frequency bands, (2) the estimated EEG power at 6 months of age for the same frequency bands, and (3) terms representing the interaction between ASD risk status and EEG power measures. Modeled 24-month language scores using EEG data from either the first 2 years (Pearson p = 0.70, 95% CI [0.595, 0.783], p = 1 × 10−18) or the first year of life (Pearson p = 0.66, 95% CI [0.540, 0.761], p = 2.5 × 10−14) were highly correlated with observed scores. All models included significant interaction effects of risk on EEG measures, suggesting that EEG-language associations are different depending on risk status, and that different brain mechanisms affect language development in low- versus high-risk infants.
Two new Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from Southwestern Ecuador: Acianthera pustulata and Lepanthes marioi

Authors: ZAMBRANO ROMERO BOSCO JAVIER , SOLANO RODOLFO
Published: October 2019

Acianthera pustulata and Lepanthes marioi are described and illustrated as new species. Both orchids belong to the Pleurothallidinae subtribe and were discovered in Southwestern Ecuador. Information concerning distribution, habitat, and phenology are provided for each species. Acianthera pustulata is compared with A. geminicaulina, from which it differs by its repent habit, pustulate sepals on abaxial surface, petals with a longitudinal callus, and a lip with a glenion. Meanwhile, L. marioi is very similar in form of their flowers with L. caudatisepala and differs from it by its greater habit, shorter and arching inflorescence, non apiculate petals with an elliptic callus along the mid-vein, and lip with a shortly oblong appendix, covered by a dense pubescens. Furthermore, Acianthera pustulata is also compared with two morphologically similar species, A. juxtaposita and A. lanceana; meanwhile L. marioi is compared with L. profusa, L. nanegalensis, L. repens, and L. rhombipetala.
A new species of Pomponema Cobb, 1917 (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from Northeast of Brazil, with reference to the taxonomic status of the genera Parapomponema Ott, 1972 and Propomponema Ott, 1972

Authors: CIDREIRA GABRIEL , PINHEIRO-JUNIOR ERALDO P. , VENEKEY VIRÁG , DE SOUZA ALVES ORANE F.
Published: October 2019

A new species of free-living marine nematode is described from Itapuã beach, northeast of Brazil. Pomponema veronicae sp. n. differs from other species of Pomponema by having buccal cavity with large pointed dorsal tooth, two subventral teeth and pairs of denticles, gubernaculum with two L-shaped lateral plates and having a membrane at its distal end that connects to L-shaped plate, and presence of a ventral orifice at distal end of L-shaped plates. It also differs from other species in the size of spicules and gubernaculum. The new species is considered most closely related to Parapomponema species because of the L-shaped lateral plates of gubernaculum, but the taxonomic status of Parapomponema was reviewed and Parapomponema and Propomponema are now synonymized with Pomponema. Pomponema cyatholaimoides is considered as a species inquirendum and Pomponema carinatum is accepted as Pomponema loticum. An updated identification key to species of Pomponema is included.
In Two Minds: Similarity, Threat, and Prejudice Contribute to Worse Mindreading of Outgroups Compared With an Ingroup
Authors: Ekerim-Akbulut Müge , Selçuk Bilge , Slaughter Virginia , Hunter John A. , Ruffman Ted
Published: October 2019

We examined Turkish participants’ mindreading accuracy toward ingroup versus outgroup targets. Three hundred and fifty-four Turkish participants were randomly assigned to one of three target groups: Turkish, Syrian, or Norwegian. The mindreading accuracy for these targets was measured along with the perceived cultural similarity of the target to the ingroup, as well as prejudice and threat perception. Participants evidenced higher mindreading accuracy toward Turkish targets compared with Syrian and Norwegian targets. Mindreading accuracy for the Syrian and Norwegian targets did not differ, but lower perceived similarity to the Turkish ingroup significantly predicted lower mentalizing for Syrian and Norwegians. In the Syrian target group, lower perceived similarity interacted with lower education and higher prejudice, resulting in a further reduction in mindreading. For Norwegian targets, lower similarity impaired mindreading through an interaction with higher threat perception. Results indicate that even when mentalizing capacity is mature, intergroup factors are linked with the deployment of mindreading.
The Pope, the Poor, and the Role of Religion in Argentina’s Public Sphere
Authors: Gustavo Morello S.J.
Published: October 2019

Pope Francis’s public statements about and criticisms of the global economic system and local politics present an opportunity to explore how ordinary people react to the presence of a religious voice in the public sphere. Data on people’s perceptions of the pope’s interventions collected from semistructured nonrandom interviews with 41 low-income Argentines of various religious orientations reveal that they identified and regulated the boundaries of religion in the public sphere with different criteria from those that secularists would expect. Respondents assumed that religion and politics shared the space of power and therefore accepted the pope as a political actor. However, they considered it legitimate for him to intervene only when he stood for the poor, promoted human brotherhood, and exemplified God’s love. Religion was welcome where modernity had failed.

Las declaraciones públicas del Papa Francisco y las críticas al sistema económico global y la política local presentan una oportunidad para explorar cómo la gente común reacciona ante la presencia de una voz religiosa en la esfera pública. Los datos sobre las percepciones de las personas sobre las intervenciones del Papa recopiladas de entrevistas semiestructuradas no aleatorias con 41 argentinos de bajos ingresos de diversas orientaciones religiosas revelan que identificaron y regularon los límites de la religión en la esfera pública con criterios diferentes de los que los laicistas esperarían. Los encuestados asumieron que la religión y la política compartían el espacio de poder y, por lo tanto, aceptaron al Papa como actor político. Sin embargo, consideraron legítimo para él intervenir solo cuando defendió a los pobres, promovió la hermandad humana y ejemplificó el amor de Dios. La religión era bienvenida donde la modernidad había fallado.
Pensions and Commodification under the PT Governments (2003–2015)
Authors: Andrietta Lucas Salvador , Lemos Patrícia Rocha , Fagnani Eduardo
Published: October 2019

An analysis of the development of the Brazilian pension system’s issues under the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party—PT) governments focused on four main themes: austerity policy, payroll tax exemptions for employers, expansion of supplementary pensions, and union strategies associated with pension funds. The way the PT governments acted in these areas, despite expressing a different arrangement of interests from those of previous administrations that were self-declared neoliberal, did not change the general course of the commodification of social policy.

Uma análise da evolução da questão previdenciária durante os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores destaca quatro temas principais: o ajuste fiscal permanente, as desonerações da folha de pagamento para empregadores, a expansão da previdência complementar e a estratégia sindical ligada aos fundos de pensão. A atuação governamental nessas questões não alterou o sentido geral do processo de mercantilização, apesar de expressar uma acomodação de interesses distinta dos governos anteriores, declaradamente neoliberais.
Nipping Temptation in the Bud: Examining Strategic Self-Control in Daily Life
Authors: Williamson Laverl Z. , Wilkowski Benjamin M.
Published: October 2019

Self-control is often thought to be reactive and focused solely on the inhibition of responses elicited by temptations. In two studies, we assessed whether self-control can instead (a) be planned and (b) target the antecedents of the response to temptation. We assessed self-control planning, four antecedent-focused self-control strategies (i.e., situation-selection, situation-modification, distraction, and reappraisal) and one response-focused strategy (i.e., response-inhibition). In both studies, we found that self-control planning predicted the initiation of self-control independently of temptation. Each antecedent-focused self-control strategy uniquely predicted goal-progress. Response-inhibition did not produce consistent effects on goal-progress. These studies provide evidence that people proactively initiate self-control by targeting the antecedents of temptation and that doing so supports goal-progress.
Virtual Manipulatives: A Tool to Support Access and Achievement With Middle School Students With Disabilities
Authors: Bouck Emily C. , Mathews Leslie A. , Peltier Corey
Published: October 2019

Manipulatives offer students with disabilities access and support in classrooms. However, it is important for educators to be aware that concrete manipulatives are not the only option. Teachers serving students identified with a disability in the middle grades may consider selecting virtual manipulatives as supplement, complement, or in lieu of concrete manipulatives. In this technology in action, the authors provide information for educators about using virtual manipulatives and how they can be used across different settings, instructional needs, and mathematical content areas for middle school students with disabilities.
Female Authorship of Opinion Pieces in Leading Otolaryngology Journals between 2013 and 2018
Authors: Miller Ashley L. , Rathi Vinay K. , Gray Stacey T. , Bergmark Regan W.
Published: October 2019

Although women represent an increasing proportion of the physician workforce, barriers to the professional advancement of women persist, particularly within surgical fields such as otolaryngology. Authorship of scientific opinion articles serves as an important opportunity for professional development. We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study to characterize the authorship patterns of scientific opinion articles by gender in leading otolaryngology journals between 2013 and 2018. Outcome measures were the number and proportion of female physician first authors and female last authors as compared with the proportion of the otolaryngology workforce. Between 2013 and 2018, female authors accounted for 24.1% of first of multiple authors, 30.4% of sole authors, and 25.3% of last authors. Women were equitably represented in comparison with the proportion of practicing female otolaryngologists (17.1% in 2017). The proportion of female first authorship increased from 20.0% in 2013 to 32.0% in 2018. Additional efforts are necessary to support the equitable advancement of women in otolaryngology.
Architectures of millennial development: Entrepreneurship and spatial justice at the bottom of the pyramid in Cape Town
Authors: Pollio Andrea
Published: October 2019

In Cape Town, as in other cities of the Global South, the paradigms of millennial development are continuously mobilized in specific material ways. The idea that poverty can be fought with profit is manifest in a series of urban experiments that involve informal entrepreneurs, corporations, real estate developers, local architects, economists, non-governmental organizations and state agencies, in the search for market solutions to economic marginality.

To illustrate this argument about the spatial politics of development, this paper charts the architectural, organizational and pedagogical making of Philippi Village, a building complex in one of Cape Town’s poorest neighbourhoods. A former cement factory turned into an entrepreneurial hub, Philippi Village is a material inscription, at the so-called bottom of the pyramid, of the possibility of expanding the frontiers of accumulation.

However, while this entrepreneurial village may be a brownfield site for new forms of profit, its architectures also reveal the diverse economic rationalities that emerge from the quest of good entrepreneurship, including the politics of seeking spatial justice amid the urban legacies of apartheid.
Migraine-associated gene expression in cell types of the central and peripheral nervous system
Authors: Vgontzas Angeliki , Renthal William
Published: October 2019

Background

Genome-wide association studies have implicated dozens of genes with migraine susceptibility, but it remains unclear in which nervous system cell types these genes are expressed.

Methods

Using single-cell RNA sequencing data from the central and peripheral nervous system, including the trigeminal ganglion, the expression of putative migraine-associated genes was compared across neuronal, glial and neurovascular cell types within these tissues.

Results

Fifty-four putative migraine-associated genes were expressed in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system or neurovascular cell types analyzed. Six genes (11.1%) were selectively enriched in central nervous system cell types, three (5.5%) in neurovascular cell types, and two (3.7%) in peripheral nervous system cell types. The remaining genes were expressed in multiple cell types.

Conclusions

Single-cell RNA sequencing of the brain and peripheral nervous system localizes each migraine-associated gene to its respective nervous system tissue and the cell types in which it is expressed. While the majority of migraine-associated genes are broadly expressed, we identified several cell-type-specific migraine-associated genes in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and neurovasculature. Trial registration: not applicable.
A fuzzy optimization approach to the capacitated node-routing problem for municipal solid waste collection with multiple tours: A case study
Authors: Aliahmadi Seyed Zeinab , Barzinpour Farnaz , Pishvaee Mir Saman
Published: October 2019

In many countries, municipal solid waste management is considered a very important challenge, and the most relevant costs in this field are dedicated to the collection process. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a mathematical model with multiple depots and multiple intermediate facilities to minimize fixed and variable costs of waste collection. Intermediate facilities are used in the developed countries in their waste collection network, because these facilities reduce the long-term costs of waste management and increase the quality of the waste collection process. Also, in reality, the amount of waste generated per day is not deterministic, so, to cope with the issue of uncertainty in the amount of waste, a fuzzy optimization approach was considered. Furthermore, a system where vehicles that could collect the wastes in multiple tours, with a maximum number of tours for each vehicle, was also considered. Due to the high complexity of this model, a genetic algorithm was elaborated. Further, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm was confirmed by comparison with the exact solution in small dimensions. It should be noted that the initial solution of this algorithm was obtained by a proposed heuristic algorithm. Finally, a case study on the vehicle routing of municipal solid waste was conducted in a district of Tehran, Iran. Moreover, the solutions of the model were validated by comparing the results of the proposed model and the current real-life situation. The contractors could improve vehicle routes and reduce costs by implementing the results of the proposed model, without any additional cost.
Assessment of a residual municipal solid waste landfill for prospective ‘landfill mining’
Authors: Faitli J , Nagy S , Romenda R , Gombkötő I , Bokányi L , Barna L
Published: October 2019

Landfill mining is a prospective tool for the recycling of valuable materials (waste-to-material) and secondary fuel (waste-to-energy) from old, therefore more or less stabilised municipal solid waste landfills. The main target of Horizon 2020 ‘SMARTGROUND’ R&D was improving the availability and accessibility of data and information from both urban landfills and mining dumps through a set of activities to integrate all the data – from existing sources and new information retrieved with time progress – in a single EU database. Concerning urban landfills, a new sampling protocol was designed on the basis of the current Hungarian national municipal solid waste analysis standards, optimised for landfill mining. This protocol was then applied in a sampling campaign on a municipal solid waste landfill in Debrecen, Hungary. The composition and parameters of the landfilled materials were measured as a 12-year timescale. The total wet and dry mass of the valuable components possible for utilisation was estimated.
Toward a Theory of Race, Change, and Antiracist Education
Authors: Holst John D.
Published: October 2019

This article is an effort to build on academic theories of race and antiracist education. Using a Gramscian theoretical framework that emphasizes perspectives from organic intellectuals, this article puts the academic literature on race and adult education in conversation with the theory generated on race from select U.S. working-class organic intellectuals and scholar activists. The principal argument of the article, drawn from the dialectical and materialist work of select organic intellectuals and scholar activists, is that race seen as a social construct captures the subjective aspect of race but does not capture the internal relationship of the subjective aspect with the objective aspect of race. All social constructs must be seen objectively and subjectively to consider the prospects for change and antiracist adult education in specific historical and geographical contexts.
Emerging Adults’ Views on Masspersonal Self-Disclosure and their Bridging Social Capital on Facebook
Authors: Manago Adriana M. , Melton Chelsea J.
Published: October 2019

Masspersonal self-disclosure on social network sites entails new risks and benefits for bridging social capital, defined as social resources such as a connection to and investment in large and heterogeneous collectives, which are important to develop during the transition to adulthood in democratic societies. To better understand motivations and social capital consequences of masspersonal self-disclosure among emerging adults, this mixed-method study examined how U.S. college students view various topics of masspersonal self-disclosure and whether values embedded in their views contributed to their perceived bridging social capital, after accounting for their Facebook use and the diversity of their networks. A total of 208 (110 women, 95 men, 3 non-binary, Mage = 20.28) students completed online questionnaires while referring to their Facebook profiles. Qualitative analyses showed how valuing self-expression, alongside other-focused values, informed participants’ decision-making about masspersonal self-disclosure. Quantitative results showed that valuing self-expression more frequently across topics of self-disclosure predicted bridging social capital; however, the use of Facebook privacy controls and indicators of ethnic and political diversity in students’ networks did not. We discuss the importance of values in understanding emerging adults’ behaviors on social network sites, their generation of bridging social capital, and civic identity development.
Blessing: A Practice of Presence, Intentionality, and Appreciation
Authors: Atkinson Carolyn Fisher
Published: October 2019

The art and practice of blessing is explored through various cultural, religious, and experiential lenses. The “Blessing of the Hands” ritual offers an example of a practice offered by, and experienced by, holistic nurses and others in both clinical and educational settings. Consistent with holistic nursing values, the state evoked by a ritual of blessing can offer nurses a framework for heightened intentionality and presence, as well as appreciation for the sacredness of one’s work. It can also serve to enhance a sense of safety, protection, and belonging in patients or clients.
Fires and human activities as key factors in the high diversity of Corsican vegetation
Authors: Lestienne Marion , Jouffroy-Bapicot Isabelle , Leyssenne Déborah , Sabatier Pierre , Debret Maxime , Albertini Pierre-Jean , Colombaroli Daniele , Didier Julien , Hély Christelle , Vannière Boris
Published: October 2019

In the Mediterranean region, Corsica represents one of the most important hotspots of biodiversity, partly due to the high number of endemics species. This region is also one of the most affected by forest fires worldwide. The present vegetation is adapted to a wide range of disturbance regimes, but a change in fire frequency or intensity in the future may severely affect ecological resources and other socio-economical aspects. Here, we study the dynamics of vegetation–human–fire interactions for the past 12,000 years as recorded by Lake Bastani (Corsica, France). We used well-dated sedimentary records of charcoal, pollen and fungal spores to infer past fire regime, land cover and pastoral activities, respectively, and we compared our results with charcoal records from two other Corsican lakes (Nino and Creno, respectively). Our results suggest that climate and natural fires were the main factors shaping the landscape before 5000 cal. BP. Then, the extraordinary diversity of the current Corsican vegetation has been mainly promoted by human activities on the island (i.e. deforestation and pastoralism) at least from the Bronze Age (3500 cal. BP). The top of our record shows a sharp decrease in fungal remains ( Sporormiella-type), usually associated with pastoral activities, which could be attributed to the land abandonment occurring since a few decades.
Modular product design for additive manufacturing of satellite components: maximising product value using genetic algorithms
Authors: Borgue Olivia , Panarotto Massimo , Isaksson Ola
Published: October 2019

For space manufacturers, additive manufacturing promises to dramatically reduce weight and costs by means of integral designs achieved through part consolidation. However, integrated designs hinder the ability to change and service components over time – actually increasing costs – which is instead enabled by highly modular designs. Finding the optimal trade-off between integral and modular designs in additive manufacturing is of critical importance. In this article, a product modularisation methodology is proposed for supporting such trade-offs. The methodology is based on combining function modelling with optimisation algorithms. It evaluates product design concepts with respect to product adaptability, component interface costs, manufacturing costs and cost of post-processing activities. The developed product modularisation methodology is derived from data collected through a series of workshops with industrial practitioners from three different manufacturer companies of space products. The implementation of the methodology is demonstrated in a case study featuring the redesign of a satellite antenna.
The Relationship Problem Solving (RePS) Model: How Partners Influence One Another to Resolve Relationship Problems
Authors: Baker Levi R. , McNulty James K.
Published: October 2019

In this article, we synthesize existing literatures across numerous domains to introduce a novel model—the Relationship Problem Solving (RePS) model—for understanding the process through which romantic partners influence one another to resolve relationship problems. The first section briefly describes the key constructs and stages of the model. The second section details the interpersonal behaviors that influence various intrapersonal factors (e.g., affect, self-efficacy) that ultimately influence partners’ motivation and ability to progress through the stages of the model. The third section uses the model to generate novel predictions that suggest that the effectiveness of these interpersonal behaviors often depends on contextual factors. Finally, the fourth section discusses the implications of this model for understanding relationship problem solving, highlights the need to consider the role of context in the problem-solving process, and offers numerous specific predictions to be addressed by future research.
Unpacking the Relationship Between Customer (In)Justice and Employee Turnover Outcomes: Can Fair Supervisor Treatment Reduce Employees’ Emotional Turmoil?
Authors: van Jaarsveld Danielle D. , Walker David D. , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Skarlicki Daniel , Chen Yueyang , Frické Pascale H.
Published: October 2019

Service employees can experience considerable resource demands from customers and supervisors in their day-to-day work. Guided by the conservation of resources (COR) perspective and organizational justice research, we explored the relationship between interpersonal injustice (e.g., being treated with low dignity and respect) by customers and employee turnover (e.g., voluntary turnover, turnover intentions). Specifically, we proposed that customer interpersonal injustice relates positively to employee turnover outcomes through a process first involving employee experiences of negative emotions, and second, employee emotional exhaustion. We also examined whether supervisor interpersonal justice mitigates this process by providing emotional resources that buffer the demands of customer interpersonal injustice. We evaluated these predictions in a programmatic series of three complementary field studies involving retail employees (Study 1, N = 263), restaurant employees (Study 2, N = 206), and contact center employees (Study 3, N = 317). The results showed that (a) customer interpersonal injustice relates positively to employees’ negative emotions, (b) employee negative emotions are positively associated with emotional exhaustion, and (c) emotional exhaustion relates to higher employee turnover outcomes. Our results also show that the indirect effect of customer interpersonal injustice on employee turnover intentions (Study 2) and voluntary turnover (Study 3) is weaker when employees perceive more (vs. less) supervisor interpersonal justice. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Pre-service music teacher perceptions of peer feedback
Authors: Legette Roy M , Royo Johanna
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this case study was to examine pre-service music teachers’ perceptions of peer feedback from two different vantage points (giving and receiving). Music education majors ( N = 4) enrolled in a choral music teaching methods course were asked to develop a series of lessons over a semester, teach them to their peers, and provide oral and written feedback. Each student also participated in five post-lesson interviews. Participants expressed appreciation for receiving and giving feedback and perceived feedback from peers as more empathetic than feedback received from the instructor. All participants reported that peer feedback was helpful and most felt that time together helped them feel more comfortable and supported. Implications for teaching and research are discussed.
Weight optimization of steel frames with cellular beams through improved hunting search algorithm
Authors: Dogan Erkan , Ozyuksel Ciftcioglu Aybike
Published: October 2019

Hunting search method–based optimum design algorithm is presented to investigate the weight optimization of steel frames with cellular beams. Unlike practical applications where rolled sections are assigned to both the beams and columns, built-up sections are used for beams. Design specifications including the design of steel frames and that of cellular beams are taken from Load and Resistance Factor Design–American Institute of Steel Construction. The algorithm presented selects optimal W-sections to be used for the members of the unbraced plane frame from the ready section pool of the same code. In addition, number of holes and hole diameter of the beams are selected for optimal frame by the algorithm for satisfying the design constraints and making the weight of the frame to be minimum. Besides, Levy Flight procedure is also adopted to the simple hunting search method for better designs. Optimized steel frames with cellular beams are then analyzed by ABAQUS three-dimensional finite element software. The results attained from nonlinear finite element analysis of the steel frames are then taken into account for comparison with optimization outcomes. Results reveal that designing the beam members as cellular beams reduces the weight of the frame.
Using Homeowners’ Association Membership to Define Audience Segments for Targeted Local Social Marketing Interventions: Implications From a Statewide Study
Authors: Warner Laura A.
Published: October 2019

People working on water issues in the state of Florida, USA, recognize outdoor water conservation as an important area of focus. Social marketing has become increasingly accepted as a behavior change approach in Florida, but often the individuals who wish to use social marketing do not have access to the formative audience research needed. In addition to a lack of formative audience research, the prevalence of homeowners’ associations (HOAs) across the state further complicates outdoor water conservation initiatives. This study’s purpose was to evaluate how those who live in HOAs might be considered distinct segments for residential outdoor water conservation interventions. An electronic survey instrument was used to collect data to examine the relationship between theory of planned behavior variables and landscape water conservation behavioral intent in HOA and non-HOA segments. The model fits the two segments similarly. Then, descriptive norms drawn from four distinct referent groups (close-peer, neighborhood, state, and national) were introduced to the theory of planned behavior variables. None of the descriptive norms were significant in the non-HOA model, and close-peer, state, and national norms were significant in the HOA model. State norms had a negative relationship with behavioral intent. Findings revealed clear distinctions in factors relating to behavioral intent between the two segments. Social marketing efforts should treat non-HOA and HOA members as distinct segments and incorporate the normative beliefs that relate to intent among HOA dwellers.
The Effectiveness of Protection Orders in Reducing Recidivism in Domestic Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cordier Reinie , Chung Donna , Wilkes-Gillan Sarah , Speyer Renée
Published: October 2019

Preventing and reducing domestic violence is a national and international social priority. Civil law protection orders (POs) have been the primary legal response to domestic violence internationally for a number of decades. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed due to variations in application within and across countries and variable quality of the research with most studies at high risk of bias. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of POs in reducing violation rates of domestic violence, compare violation rates reported by victims and police reports, and identify factors that influence violation and reoffense. Two electronic databases were searched; two independent researchers screened abstracts. Data were collected and assessed methodologically, using the Kmet Checklist Appraisal Tool and National Health and Medical Research Council Hierarchy of Evidence. Twenty-five studies that evaluated the effectiveness of POs in reducing recidivism in domestic violence met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses of weighted means of violation in the studies were conducted. Violation rates were found to be higher for victim reports compared with police reports. Violation rates were reduced when POs used in combination with arrests. PO violation rates were lower among perpetrators without histories of arrest for committing violence, perpetrators not engaging in stalking, and where couples have had medium to high incomes. There is no consensus among the studies about what the most appropriate methodology is to measure PO effectiveness. Future research should establish a more unified approach to evaluating the effectiveness and violations of POs.
Standardized Measurement of Quality of Upper Limb Movement After Stroke: Consensus-Based Core Recommendations From the Second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable
Authors: Kwakkel G. , van Wegen E. E. H. , Burridge J. H. , Winstein C. J. , van Dokkum L. E. H. , Alt Murphy M. , Levin M. F. , Krakauer J. W. , Lang Catherine E , Keller Thierry , Kitago Tomoko , Nordin Nurdiana , Pomeroy Valery , Veerbeek Janne M. , van Wijck Frederike
Published: October 2019

The second Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable “metrics” task force developed consensus around the recognized need to add kinematic and kinetic movement quantification to its core recommendations for standardized measurements of sensorimotor recovery in stroke trials. Specifically, we focused on measurement of the quality of upper limb movement. We agreed that the recommended protocols for measurement should be conceptually rigorous, reliable, valid and responsive to change. The recommended measurement protocols include four performance assays (i.e. 2D planar reaching, finger individuation, grip strength, and precision grip at body function level) and one functional task (3D drinking task at activity level) that address body function and activity respectively. This document describes the criteria for assessment and makes recommendations about the type of technology that should be used for reliable and valid movement capture. Standardization of kinematic measurement protocols will allow pooling of participant data across sites, thereby increasing sample size aiding meta-analyses of published trials, more detailed exploration of recovery profiles, the generation of new research questions with testable hypotheses, and development of new treatment approaches focused on impairment. We urge the clinical and research community to consider adopting these recommendations.
Phonological, not semantic, activation dominates Chinese character recognition: Evidence from a visual world eye-tracking study
Authors: Tong Xiuhong , Shen Wei , Li Zhao , Xu Mengdi , Pan Liping , Tong Shelley Xiuli
Published: October 2019

Combining eye-tracking technique with a revised visual world paradigm, this study examined how positional, phonological, and semantic information of radicals are activated in visual Chinese character recognition. Participants’ eye movements were tracked when they looked at four types of invented logographic characters including a semantic radical in the legal (e.g., [Formula: see text]) and illegal positions ([Formula: see text]), a phonetic radical in the legal (e.g., [Formula: see text]) and illegal positions (e.g., [Formula: see text]). These logographic characters were presented simultaneously with either a sound-cued (e.g., /qiao2/) or meaning-cued (e.g., a picture of a bridge) condition. Participants appeared to allocate more visual attention towards radicals in legal, rather than illegal, positions. In addition, more eye fixations occurred on phonetic, rather than on semantic, radicals across both sound- and meaning-cued conditions, indicating participants’ strong preference for phonetic over semantic radicals in visual character processing. These results underscore the universal phonology principle in processing non-alphabetic Chinese logographic characters.
Effectiveness of a school-based mental health education program in an impoverished urban area of Peru
Authors: Kim Ha Yun , Nam Eun Woo , Jin Ki Nam , So Ae Young
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based mental health education program in preventing adolescent suicide attempts in an impoverished urban area in Peru, as part of an Official Development Assistance project by the Korea International Cooperation Agency. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model informed the effectiveness study. In this intervention, the participants were first to fifth grade students in public secondary schools. The pre-post intervention survey was conducted with a stratified random sampling method. A sample of 768 and 738 students in experimental and control groups was analyzed comparatively, using chi-squared tests and logistic regression. This study found that the program had a positive effect on adolescent mental health-related risk behaviors and suicide attempts in the experimental group compared to the control group. Thus, the intervention may have helped prevent the increase in mental health-related risk behaviors and suicide attempts. Further, parental affection, when included in the intervention, had a significant effect on suicide attempts. As such, the involvement of parental affection in the intervention might be effective in preventing suicide attempts. To enhance the effectiveness of interventions aiming to prevent adolescent suicide, the participation and attention of parents, as well as adolescents, must be encouraged. Further, to maintain the effectiveness of the intervention and expand coverage to other schools in the neighborhood, a strategy for project sustainability is needed, particularly with regards to capacity-building in schools and communities.
Prevalence and Correlates of Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Vallance Jeff K. , Johnson Steven T. , Thompson Stephanie , Wen Kevin , Lam Ngan N. , Boyle Terry , Martinez-Juarez Itzel Anahi , Shojai Soroush
Published: October 2019

Background:

Physical activity is recommended for kidney transplant recipents as it may improve outcomes including mortality, exercise capacity, muscle strength, and health-related quality of life.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time profiles among kidney transplant recipients and examine possible demographic and clinical correlates of physical activity and sedentary time.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Patients:

Kidney transplant recipients were recruited (N = 1,284) from the Northern Alberta Renal Program’s Nephrology Information System database (1993-2016).

Measurements:

Participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip during waking hours for seven consecutive days.

Methods:

Kidney transplant recipients (1993-2016) recruited from the Northern Alberta Renal Program’s Nephrology Information System database wore an accelerometer and completed a self-reported questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to determine associations between activity level, demographic, and clinical characteristics.

Results:

Participants’ (n = 133; 11% response rate) mean age (SD) was 58 (14) years and 56% were female. Mean total sedentary time was 9.4 (1.4) hours per day; total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was 20.7 (19.6) minutes per day. MVPA was significantly associated with age where each additional year was associated with 0.48 fewer min/day (ie, ~30 seconds) (unstandardized beta: B = −0.48 min/day, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.75, −0.22). Sedentary time was significantly associated with age ( B = 1.0 min/day, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.9), body mass index ( B = 2.7 min/day, 95% CI: 0.2, 5.13), education ( B = 39.1 min/day, 95% CI: 12.3, −65.8), and inversely associated with income ( B = −44.9 min/day, 95% CI: −73.1, −16.8).

Limitations:

Limitations include the cross-sectional design, poor response rate, and limited generalizability of the results.

Conclusions:

Kidney transplant recipients showed high volumes of sedentary time and low volumes of health-enhancing physical activity. Understanding correlates of these behaviors may aid in the development of interventions to favorably change these behaviors.
Room for Improvement: Rates of Birth Cohort Hepatitis C Screening in Primary Care Practices—A WWAMI Region Practice and Research Network Study
Authors: Cole Allison M. , Keppel Gina A. , Baldwin Laura-Mae , Gilles Ryan , Holmes John , Vance Chardonnay , Kriesgman Bill , Linares Adriana , Hornecker Jaime , Paddock Elizabeth , Gerrish Winslow , Alto William , Gould Debra , Neher Jon
Published: October 2019

Introduction: An estimated 2.4 million people in the United States live with hepatitis C. Though there are effective treatments for chronic hepatitis C, many infected individuals remain untreated because 40% to 50% of individuals with chronic hepatitis C are unaware of their hepatitis C status. In 2013, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended that adults born between 1945 and 1965 should be offered one-time hepatitis C screening. The purpose of this study is to describe rates of birth cohort hepatitis C screening across primary care practices in the WWAMI region Practice and Research Network (WPRN). Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of adult patients born between 1945 and 1965 who also had a primary care visit at 1 of 9 participating health systems (22 primary care clinics) between July 31, 2013 and September 30, 2015. Data extracted from the electronic health record systems at each clinic were used to calculate the proportion of birth cohort eligible patients with evidence of hepatitis C screening as well as proportions of screened patients with positive hepatitis C screening test results. Results: Of the 32 139 eligible patients, only 10.9% had evidence of hepatitis C screening in the electronic health record data (range 1.2%-49.1% across organizations). Among the 4 WPRN sites that were able to report data by race and ethnicity, the rate of hepatitis C screening was higher among African Americans (39.9%) and American Indians/Alaska Natives (23.2%) compared with Caucasians (10.7%; P < .001). Discussion: Rates of birth cohort hepatitis C screening are low in primary care practices. Future research to develop and test interventions to increase rates of birth cohort hepatitis C screening in primary care settings are needed.
The Kawashima Operation With Simultaneous Preparation for Transcatheter Fontan-Kreutzer Completion
Authors: Lugones Ignacio , Junco Nalá , Biancolini María Fernanda , Martínez Inés Ana , Damsky Barbosa Jesús
Published: October 2019

Patients with functionally single ventricle and interrupted inferior vena cava may develop progressive cyanosis soon after the Kawashima operation. Therefore, early redirection of the hepatic venous return to the pulmonary circulation is recommended. To avoid performing an early redo sternotomy, we propose to prepare these patients for the interventional Fontan-Kreutzer at the time of the Kawashima operation using a technical modification of the approach reported by Prabhu and coworkers in 2017. The technique described here uses an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene conduit interposed between the hepatic veins and the right pulmonary artery. This graft is everted and divided into two portions with a pericardial patch. The lower one is widely opened and anastomosed side-to-side to the atrium. A few months after the operation, percutaneous Fontan-Kreutzer completion can easily be performed using covered stents to open the patch and at the same time close the opening between the conduit and the atrium.
Founder’s Apprehension in Small Family Business Succession in Thailand: Interpretative View of the Situational Distance
Authors: Malik Tariq H.
Published: October 2019

Small family businesses (SFBs) encounter disruption during the intergenerational succession unless understood and managed effectively. Even before the succession process begins, the founder’s apprehension about the succession rises to a critical level, and yet a little research has dealt with this issue. We address the issue of the founder’s apprehension through this qualitative study by tracing the causes, contexts, and contours through the accounts of the founder in Thailand. We used 18 in-depth interviews with founders whose business types, their intergenerational succession planning, and regional contexts had similarities. A bricolage between family business as a rational device and a social device reveals whether and how the founder’s mental structures and situated-attention reflected on the focal concept of “apprehension.” We note several findings. First, a combination of cognitive scripts and situated attention altered the founder’s identity vis-à-vis the heir. Following from the functional, relational, locational, temporal, and structural narratives, the founder’s interpreted distance from that of the heir suggests that the discretionary power of the founder varies. Second, this variation translates into apprehension in an order. Third, based on the order of the distance between the founder and heir, the functional and structural narrative take the first and second positions. Third, theoretically, we link the functional context to cognitive and structural context to normative perspectives.