bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of IR spectra of thiacalix[4]arene with carboxyl and adamantyl groups
Authors: Furer Victor , Potapova Ludmila , Vatsouro Ivan , Kovalev Vladimir , Shokova Elvira
Published: June 2021

The IR spectra of p-(3-carboxy-1-adamantyl)thiacalix[4]arene (1) were studied. IR spectra of compound 1 do not contain bands of free hydroxyl groups. The νOH value at 3377 cm-1 signifies the formation of an intramolecular H-bond along the lower edge of compound 1. It was found that all the studied calixarene derivatives containing adamantylcarboxylic acid fragments on the upper edge form H-bonds between adjacent carboxyl groups. At the top edge of thiacalixarene, carboxyl groups form dimers or cyclic tetramers through intramolecular H-bonds. The conformation of the cone is preserved, but there is a mutual influence of Hbonds along the lower and upper edges of the thiacalixarene molecules. A structure with dimeric H-bonds between carboxyl groups is 1.5 kJ/mol less preferable than the conformation with tetrameric cyclic H-bonds of compound 1. Comparison of the νOH absorption frequency of alcohol hydroxyl groups in IR spectra of thiacalixarenes shows that the presence of the second H-bond system weakens the H-bonds of alcohol hydroxyl groups slightly.
Forecasting the durability of reinforced concrete under conditions of microbiological corrosion
Authors: Strokin Konstantin , Novikov Denis , Konovalova Viktoriya
Published: June 2021

The article presents data on the study of the kinetics of liquid corrosion of cement concrete infected with microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger. The equilibrium concentrations of calcium cations during fungal and bacterial corrosion of cement concrete in an aqueous medium are established. According to the profiles of calcium hydroxide concentrations in the thickness of cement concrete during fungal and bacterial corrosion, it was found that during fungal corrosion of concrete, the intensity of interaction of calcium hydroxide with the products of the vital activity of microorganisms is higher than during bacterial corrosion. In case of fungal corrosion under conditions of Aspergillus niger infection, citric acid has the greatest impact on concrete since its amount in the products of the vital activity of microorganisms is maximum. Profiles of concentrations of aggressive substances by the thickness of the concrete sample show that bacterial corrosion proceeds more slowly than fungal corrosion and allow us to calculate the time to reach the maximum concentration of aggressive substances at the surface of steel reinforcement in concrete. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete with fungal corrosion will begin in 2.5 years after infection, with bacterial corrosion after 5.5 years.
The influence of complex additives based on calcined clays and carbonate fillers on hydration products composition of blended cement stone
Authors: Ermilova Elizaveta , Kamalova Zagira
Published: June 2021

One of the most effective and recognizable way to solve energy and resource consumption problems in cement industry is the development of blended Portland cement with different combinations of mineral additives. The development of complex additives based on combination of calcined clays and limestone is one of the promising directions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of complex additives based on calcined kaolinitic clay with kaolinite content of 80 % and limestone with calcite content of 99 % on the blended cement stone hydration products at the age of 28 days. Using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry the composition of blended cement stone hydration products was studied. It is established that the introduction of 20 % of the complex additive based on calcined clay and limestone leads to a significant decrease of the portlandite content, increase in the number of new growths in form of low-calcium hydrosilicates and calcium hidrocarboalumosilicates, stabilization of ettringiteand calcium hydrocarbosilicates in amorphous phase, that significantly increases the compressive strength. This effect was amplified due to the additional alumina provided by calcined clay reaction.
Anionic Bitumen Emulsions for Waterproofing
Authors: Antonova Ilvira , Ayupov Damir
Published: June 2021

Bitumen emulsions (BE) are widely used in road construction, for building and structure waterproofing. Storage stability is one of the main BE requirements. They should only break on contact with the surface. The sodium oleate effect as a surfactant on the stability of anionic bitumen emulsions for waterproofing purposes has been studied. Bitumen emulsions with increased storage stability have been developed. The optimal content of sodium oleate, providing a high complex of emulsion and resulting binder properties has been determined.
Influence of the porosity structure of road concrete on its durability
Authors: Smirnov Denis , Stepanov Sergey , Garipov Ruslan , Garayev Timur , Sungatullin Tagir
Published: June 2021

Cement-concrete pavements of roads and airfields are the most durable type of pavement. The design service life of cement-concrete pavements is 40-50 years, in Russia this period is 20-25 years, and for asphalt-concrete pavements is 10-15 years. The real, actual overhaul period of asphalt concrete pavements, is much lower than the design one (according to the Federal Road Agency of Russia «Rosavtodor», on average, 3-5 years or even less), therefore, work aimed at increasing the durability of cementconcrete pavements is of particular relevance. The main technical parameters of road concrete that characterize its durability are compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, water absorption and others. The most important parameter is the frost resistance of concrete, which is primarily influenced by the structure of the pore space. This paper shows the way of obtaining concretes based on aggregates, the frost resistance of which is lower than the frost resistance of the resulting concrete.
The intellectual component of the business of the construction industry enterprises
Authors: Ustinova Liliya , Sirazetdinov Rustem , Nugumanova Guzel
Published: June 2021

At present, the issues of interrelation and mutual influence of the results of intellectual activity on the final results of the functioning of an enterprise are becoming more and more current, since the world community demonstrates the colossal growth and progressive development of enterprises of various industries using intellectual levers. Russian enterprises also strive to improve the efficiency of the qualitative and quantitative indicators of their companies’ activities, but at the same time use mainly material resources, which reduces the efficiency of resulting indicators. The article examines the indicators of the dynamics of economy and innovative development of the Russian Federation, presents the level of innovative activity of organizations in the period 2017-2019. The authors calculated the indicator of J. Tobin, which reflects the value of the intellectual capital of enterprises in the construction industry. The study showed that all the enterprises under consideration have intellectual capital, to a greater or lesser extent, however, its competent use and effective management are decisive in improving the efficiency of an enterprise.
Strategic analysis of the real estate sector: new aspects and requirements
Authors: Yaskova Natalia
Published: June 2021

The present time is increasingly characterized as a time of conflicts and shocks. The conditions of permanent destabilization of economic and social processes, the breakdown of the cultural model of development and the unprecedented pace of innovative changes that precede the transition to an integrated world economic system, required the restructuring of the real estate sector. Identification of goals, directions, and tools of restructuring that are adequate to contemporary concepts, accumulated experience, and best international practices is becoming almost a decisive factor for the successful radical transformation of the real estate sector. It forms a new living space responding to the demands of the production and consumer sectors of the national economy. The performed analysis of the requirements for the strategic analysis of the up-to-date real estate sector showed the urgent need to correct the meanings of development in accordance with the new culture of evaluating its effectiveness, eliminating false optimistic assessments of real estate as an investment asset, and forming up-to-date requirements not only to new construction but also to all forms of real estate reproduction.
Modeling the innovative development of the economy based on the investment demand prognosis
Authors: Ivanova Rufina , Mukhametzyanova Dilyara , Belay Olga , Sirazetdinov Rustem , Biktemirova Ella
Published: June 2021

The effectiveness of innovation activity is largely determined by the relevant infrastructure which is the basic component of a developed economy. The correlation between the development of the innovative economy and the intensification of investment activity is revealed.

On the basis of retrospective analysis of trends and patterns in the development of investment activity, an assessment of the resource support of the investment process in the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out. The need for advanced development of the production potential of the investment and construction complex of the region and the material and technical base on the basis of the development of the local raw material base is justified. An economic and mathematical model of the interaction of investment recourses that determine the level of innovative development of the region is proposed. On the basis of the theory of factor models, the quantitative relationships between the factors that have the greatest impact on investment development are investigated. They are: gross regional product, investment in fixed assets, the volume of contract work, the volume of investment in housing construction, the cost of research and development in the gross regional product, the share of innovation costs in industrial investment.
Risks and reliability assessment of construction processes
Authors: Velichkin Victor , Petrochenko Marina , Gorodishenina Anna , Bokovaya Natalia
Published: June 2021

Improving the reliability of the implementation of construction schedules for a complex of structures (where the level of quality, timing, and costs is taken into account) can be achieved by creating reserves: time and resources. The reserve of time, the main types of technical, labor, and material resources due to the creation of special structures is in most cases ineffective due to increased costs. Finding the most effective options for creating the corresponding structures from the standpoint of reliability and efficiency is a rather difficult task. An example is given when planning the construction of buildings of a multifunctional complex, a computational matrix is obtained for the flow organization of works. The assessment of the reliability of compliance with the directive deadline for the erection of the mainframe structures are: the critical chain method, the continuous use of resources method, the method of continuous work of front development.
Research of thermal performance properties of the wall construction products made of materials using heat power engineering waste
Authors: Kraynov Dmitriy , Medvedeva Galina
Published: June 2021

A technology for the utilization of technogenic waste from the oil and gas industrial complex (sulfur) and ash and slag waste from the combined heat and power plant for the manufacture of thermal insulation material with high strength and performance properties has been developed. A technological scheme is proposed. The optimal parameters and composition of the obtained thermal insulation materials have been determined. A numerical method for determining the thermal conductivity coefficient of a building product based on the calculation of a stationary temperature field is considered. The dependence of the thermal conductivity coefficient of a block on the value of the thermal conductivity coefficients of the base material and filler is obtained. The efficiency of block insulation has been determined. This method can be used at the design stage of wall products, varying their overall dimensions, the geometry of the slots and also using various thermal insulating materials as a void filler.
Dew point temperature as overwetting indicator of enclosing structures
Authors: Kupriyanov Valery
Published: June 2021

Overwetting of enclosing structures is a negative factor of their operation. Due to the fact that it reduces thermal protection, it causes the corrosion processes and leads to enclosing structures materials destruction on account of alternating freezing and thawing. Present investigations on the analysis of condensation of moisture vapor and moist condition of enclosing structures does not allow for definition of overwetting rate of enclosures in the preset climate. These questions are also not regulated in the current normative documents. Enclosing structures developed as a result of conservation of energy have unpredictable accumulation of condensation and overwetting rate under service conditions. The article examines a new concept «dew point temperature» that is a characteristic of construction solution of enclosing structures and used materials. The dew point temperature is numerically equal to external temperature at which we can observe condensation in-plane of maximum overwetting of enclosing structures for the first time. It was demonstrated that every construction solution of enclosure has its own dew point temperature, according to which the amount of condensation in identical climatic conditions will be formed. The result of investigation is the assumption about the introduction of a new characteristic called «dew point temperature of enclosing structure» into the scientific discourse and into the check-list of mandatory thermotechnical values of enclosing structures. The dew point temperature describes the capacity of construction solution of enclosure for overwetting in the preset climatic conditions.
Treatment of oil-containing wastewater of machine-building enterprises using pressure hydrocyclones
Authors: Busarev Andrey , Selyugin Aleksandr
Published: June 2021

Wastewater treatment of machine-building enterprises contaminated with oils, petroleum products and mechanical impurities is an urgent task. A promising direction in the field of treatment of such wastewater is the use of pressure hydrocyclones and hydrocyclone installations. The article presents the results of research on the treatment of oil-containing wastewater of machine-building enterprises in pressure of hydrocyclones, conducted on an experimental hydrocyclone installation, which includes the pressure hydrocyclone under test, a sedative tank, and tanks for receiving water from the upper and lower drains of the hydrocyclone. The studies were carried out in two stages: the first stage was used to determine the diameter of the pressure of hydrocyclone suitable for the treatment of oily wastewater, and the second stage was used to study its geometric characteristics. At the first stage, seven modifications of pressure hydrocyclones with a diameter of 40 to 100 mm with different diameters of the upper and lower drain pipes were tested. A 75 mm diameter hydrocyclone is recommended for the treatment of oily wastewater. At the second stage, nine pressure hydrocyclones with a diameter of 75 mm with different diameters of the upper and lower drain pipes were tested. As a result of the experiments, the design parameters of the hydrocyclone that showed the best results were determined. The results of the research were used in the design of industrial hydrocyclone installations.
Digital learning at the University of Architecture and Civil Engineering: psychological risks and effects
Authors: Yarullina Lyaylya
Published: June 2021

The article examines the problem of digital education in high school in terms of its psychological risks and effects. The aim of the work is to identify the psychological effects of the transformation of higher education in the digital age and to determine the priority trends of psychological support in the digital educational process. In the theoretical aspect of this study the analysis of the problem of psychological risks and challenges of digital education in high school is presented on the basis of domestic and foreign experience of transition to a remote format of education. Methods of theoretical analysis of modern sources on this problem were applied, in particular, cognitive and personal-developing approach to professional and professional-pedagogical education. The author refers to the separate articles on digital education in high school. The work analyzes the sociopsychological aspects of digital education reflecting the person-oriented system risks, communicative competence risks, individual psychological security risks and a new type of students in the digital age. The article reveals only some of the psychological effects of digitalization discussed in studies on this issue. As a result, the priority trends of digital education psychological effects in high school were identified.
To the question of development single-industry towns through the realization of economic interests and the formation of the stability of enterprises
Authors: Khadasevich Nailya , Imamverdieva Marina , Kaufman Nataliya , Sergeeva Irina , Litovchenko Anastasiya
Published: June 2021

Identification and implementation of the economic interests of the fuel and energy sector enterprises is an important stage in the formation of a strategy for crisis management of the region. The complexity and multidimensional nature of the concept of «Regional Crisis Management», as well as its exposure to a complex of factors and conditions, does not allow us to develop a unified approach to balance the interests of all subjects. The triad of elements «region-industry-enterprise» are not only independent representatives of interests, but also interdependent categories. The importance of improving the efficiency of interaction between all carriers of economic interests increases, since their structural expression and hierarchy will allow identifying points of intersection of interests and, consequently, increasing the efficiency of their functioning.
Smart training technology in the teaching of history at Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering
Authors: Bureeva Elena , Mukhinova Natalya
Published: June 2021

The smart training technologies include several parts. Their joint use allows making students of technical higher educational institutions interested in studying history. This article describes the experience of involving students of a construction university in research activities in history classes, when studying the topic of the Great Patriotic War. The first stage of the work involves the study of the student’s historical memory, the students’ perceptions of this war through direct communication of the professor with students, the integrated use of sociological, linguistic, pedagogical, psychological methods. In the framework of a continuous survey of 346 students, an expressed emotional coloring of the image of war in the student consciousness and solidarity of students in the need to preserve the memory of the war were revealed. Students classified the written and oral stories of the contemporaries, primarily their relatives, as the most reliable sources on the history of the war. Given the influence of the family war memory, professors form students' interest in research activities. At the next stage, an individual strategy for writing a family history of wartime is developed for each student; recommendations are given on working with databases, information available on the Internet, family and state archives, libraries.
Formation of physical training of future engineers of the construction industry by means of programmed learning
Authors: Kalmanovich Vladimir , Kurshev Alexey , Sevodin Sergey
Published: June 2021

Modern industrial activities connected with professional actions in limited space, in personal protective equipment, in various environmental conditions, with increased smoke, gas, radio emissions, etc., require great physical strength, agility and endurance. Under these conditions arises an objective necessity of scientific substantiation of the content and structure of the model of the students' physical training formation, providing their fullfledged preparation for modern professional activity. Materials and methods. We applied analysis of scientific and methodical literature, statistical methods, and expert evaluation method. There were used data from open sources on the problem of research and official statistics data. It is obvious that the model of physical training formation of construction university students developed by us is the most effective in improving the cognitive activity of the students. The success of realization of our hypothesis in this part is provided in active and exploratory learning schemes. Also, in the active and exploratory schemes of learning students actively develop skills, i.e., the ability to adapt the acquired skills to changing conditions. The dogmatic and passive schemes ensure effective formation of physical skills, namely, stable, clearly algorithmized structures of motor actions.
Social entrepreneurship as a factor of sustainable development in the context of “Crisis 2020” in Russian Federation
Authors: Varvara Kulkova , Alina Galimova , Irina Kursina , Elena Matveeva
Published: June 2021

Social entrepreneurship is considered to be an emergent, independent form of social responsible business implementation. «What is the state of social entrepreneurship during «Crisis 2020», how does the digital evolution occur» are the burning questions that led to the relevance of the research topic and goal setting. The main purpose is to figure out the special features of social entrepreneurship’s fostering as a virtuous tool to fulfil contemporary targets of sustainable growth in case of «Crisis 2020». Research methods: general scientific - induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison of the positioning of social entrepreneurship as a factor of economic growth in the modern paradigm of sustainable development; empirical research based on a questionnaire survey of social entrepreneurs. The positioning of social entrepreneurship as a factor of economic growth in the modern paradigm of sustainable development is scientifically substantiated based on the identification of practices in the cases of social entrepreneurship with the goals of sustainable development. The factors limiting development and the adaptive options of social entrepreneurship to the crisis conditions including online format acceptance that leads to uncovering fresh opportunities for working activities.
Cluster approach as the innovative model for the development of the regional economy (on the example of the Volgograd region)
Authors: Soloveva Anna , Chizho Larisa , Makarov Andrey , Beznebeeva Anna
Published: June 2021

Investment and innovation activity is one of the factors in the development of the region, and also contributes to the increase of economic and social potential. To maintain the competitiveness, adapt to changing conditions of the external and internal environment, as well as for the sustainable development of the region, it is necessary to form new achievements of science and technology. In this regard, the innovation activity and innovation policy of the region have the decisive importance. The actual problem is the transition of the country's economy to the innovative development. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop methods that will restructure all spheres of social relations. The innovative model of economic development requires the formation of the effective transformation of new scientific achievements into new technologies, goods, services in the country and in the regions. They will have their real consumers in the market through the cluster approach.
Sustainable urban development based on energy and resource conservation concepts
Authors: Pershina Tatyana , Lymareva Tatyana , Zhipetsky Andrey
Published: June 2021

In recent years, environmental-oriented concepts of sustainable urban development have been actively developing, in particular, in the spheres of energy efficiency and resource conservation in the context of the theory of thrift, smart and environmentally-oriented creation. Four scientific concepts can be distinguished from a set of scientific theories and methodological approaches: industrial metabolism; control «on the pipe»; social and ecological metabolism, thrifty production. In particular, the concept of «lean manufacturing» has shown its effectiveness in practice in many countries in various industries. This concept is environmentally friendly, has a high potential for implementation, but is not sufficiently appreciated by domestic enterprises. Despite its widespread implementation and development, the lack of its implementation at domestic industrial enterprises is explained by the lack of adapted methods and tools for resource conservation management based on this concept. It explains the relevance of the study, which proposes a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the program for a phased transition to «lean manufacturing», which ensures an increase in the efficiency of enterprises in modern conditions, which will increase the sustainability of cities ultimately.
Effectiveness of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Ponomarev Evgeny , Pokka Ekaterina , Yudakova Anna
Published: June 2021

One of the key issues of modern architecture and urban development is the decline of urban life in small towns and settlements, which are experiencing the negative consequences of the new socioeconomic reality. The urbanization process, characterized by rising large cities and mega-cities is provided by an increasing influx of migration from small historical cities and settlements. However, small urban settlements, preserving features of historical architecture, natural attraction and provincial coziness are important factors in restraining the uncontrolled growth of mega-cities and as a condition for the preservation of local culture and traditions of sustainable ecological balance of the regional settlement system. Obviously, the issue of integrated development of small historical settlements is coming to the fore. To solve this problem the authors propose a cluster approach that effectively develops the architectural environment of such cities and creates attractive living and tourism environments. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements, aimed at a comprehensive transformation of their architectural environment while preserving of valuable historical, cultural and architectural heritage. The limitation of the research is the Republic of Tatarstan.
“Smart” transport and logistics complex as a factor of sustainable development of the region (on the example of the Volgograd region)
Authors: Klyushin Vladislav , Karpushova Svetlana , Sordia Vakhtang , Panov Dmitry
Published: June 2021

At the present stage of social development, which is forming a new high-tech world system with all its challenges and problems, it is necessary to provide all participants in social and economic relations with a single and convenient environment for interaction, to improve the level and quality of life, and to ensure sustainable development. «Smart city» technologies, and their further extrapolation to the scale of a regional entity – a «smart region» – make it possible to ensure sustainable development for all residents of the region and consumers of municipal and regional services – citizens, public and business organizations, as well as government. Due to the constant development of the transport industry and new opportunities for the transportation of passengers and goods, it is interesting to study the transport and logistics segment of the «smart region». It explains the relevance and practical significance of this study, which presents a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the formation of a «smart» transport and logistics complex with its positioning as a factor of sustainable development of the region, on the example of the Volgograd region. This approach is original, has a high degree of reliability, the ability to build and verify the forecast of the socio-economic development of the region. The developed model in the study represents the authors' vision of the development of the transport and logistics complex of the Volgograd region in the future, defines short, medium and long-term priorities, goals and objectives, proposes the main directions of development, mechanisms for achieving the set goals and objectives, taking into account the achieved level and identified problems. The results of approbation prove the expediency of its use in the development and scientific substantiation of the strategy of socio-economic development at the regional level.
Index approach implementation mechanism to the human capital assessing within the framework of the sustainable development concept
Authors: Shinkevich Alexey , Yakunina Regina , Klimenko Tatyana
Published: June 2021

The article presents and describes the methodology for assessing human capital level using the human development index. The assessment was carried out on the example of the regions of the Russian Federation within the framework of the sustainable development concept. The priority goals of sustainable development related to human capital have been identified. The methodology for calculating the human development index is described, taking into account the characteristics of a particular country and its regions. All components of the final human development index are considered in detail. Its indicators are analyzed on the example of the Russian Federation regions. The final stage was the compilation of a rating of the Russian Federation regions according to the human development index, strong and weak regions were identified. The advantages and disadvantages of this index approach are described and how this approach is adapted to the conditions of a particular country.
Hilbert boundary value problem for generalized analytic functions with a singular line
Authors: Shabalin Pavel , Faizov Rafael
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study an inhomogeneous Hilbert boundary value problem with a finite index and a boundary condition on a circle for a generalized Cauchy-Riemann equation with a singular coefficient. To solve this problem, we conducted a complete study of the solvability of the Hilbert boundary value problem of the theory of analytic functions with an infinite index due to a finite number of points of a special type of vorticity. Based on these results, we have derived a formula for the general solution and studied the existence and number of solutions to the boundary value problem of the theory of generalized analytic functions.
Kinematics of the disk working body for ground development
Authors: Gainutdinov Ramil , Zemdikhanov Minsur
Published: June 2021

High rates of growth in the volume of earthworks in winter, with a lack of funds for the purchase of new equipment, determine the relevance of work to improve the existing and create new working bodies for the development of frozen grounds and snow-ice formations to increase the efficiency of their destruction without increasing the power of the base machine. This can be done by installing a fundamentally new cutting tool in the form of elliptical circular knives on the working bodies. The article deals with the kinematics of an ellipsoidal disk working body. Expressions for determining the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the point of the cutting edge of the disk are obtained analytically. It was found that the points of the cutting edge of the disk move in space along a complex trajectory, and the absolute values of velocity and acceleration are variable parameters. The regularity of the change in the angle of entry of the disk into the ground at different values of the angle of its attachment to the shaft of the working battery was revealed, and the main design and technological parameters were determined and substantiated.
Cognitive classification of the names of building materials in Russian and English languages
Authors: Khasanova Nurgizya , Akhmetgareyeva Rozaliya , Kuznetsova Ilvira
Published: June 2021

Representation of cognitive area and revealing terminological characteristics of the Russian and English names of building materials (NBMs) determine the topicality of the research and the article’s problematic. The authors of the article analyze the Russian and English NBMs and reveal their main stages with the comparative description, and chооse the definition of the names, in which the basic word-identifier of the leading cognitive features have been highlighted. These features have become the basics for the formation of the thematic groups. The classification of the names of building materials is formed from five groups: organic materials / orgonicheskie materialy; inorganic materials / neorgonicheskie materialy; metals and metal products / metaly i izdelija iz nih; other building materials / prochie stroitel’nye materialy; properties of building materials / svojstva stroitel’nyh materialov. Properties of building materials is subdivided into models according to their structural characteristics: physical properties / fizicheskie svoystva; mechanical properties / mehanicheskie svojstva; defects / defekty.
Construction of fairways and reconstruction of channels using rotary-bucket dredgers and calculation of soil-collecting devices
Authors: Volodin Yurii , Marfina Olga , Arefyev Nikolay , Matveev Yurii , Popov Nikolay
Published: June 2021

Rotary bucket dredgers are used in various operations: dredging, mining, development of all types of soil. Despite their high weight, cost and complexity of construction, they are increasingly used in underwater soil development due to their versatility and high efficiency. The article presents the developed method for calculating the rotary bucket dredgers, taking into account their placement under water.
Pedestrian safety assessment in the area of tram stops
Authors: Nikolaeva Regina
Published: June 2021

The problems of conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles in the area of tram stops are of great importance. The choice of pedestrian behavior is greatly influenced by the location of transport infrastructure facilities in the city. This paper presents the results of a field study, which made it possible to identify the main disadvantages of design solutions in the area of tram stops and operating conditions. Investigation of the shortcomings of design solutions in the area of tram stops made it possible to identify the causal relationship of pedestrian behavior. The fundamental relationship between the causal relationships of the behavior of pedestrians in the area of tram stops formed the basis of the safety assessment model. To connect the safety of tram stops and the behavior of pedestrians, we propose a model for assessing the level of safety of tram stops. The model of the safety level of tram stops is based on the values of causal factors, the contribution index and the degree of hazard, which can be obtained as a result of field observations. The resulting model assumes the distribution of tram stops by safety level, which will make it possible to prioritize quality improvement.
New scientific approaches to evaluating accessibility of routes for disabled persons
Authors: Enin Dmitriy
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the concept of «accessibility». It is shown that the term is used as a property and a figure of speech. In the form of a figure of speech, the concept contains the accessibility property, as well as properties and factors that affect the level of accessibility. Methodological approaches and results of field studies confirming the possibility of evaluating and describing the accessibility in terms of numeric expressions are presented. Field experiments were carried out in Rostov-on-Don and Novosibirsk with the participation of more than 90 respondents. Formalized mathematical definition of route accessibility for disabled is given as well as examples of defining the values of accessibility for certain categories of disabled people. Justification of feasibility of describing the accessibility of routes by means of level scale which excludes the drawbacks of binary system of accessibility evaluation is given. The incorrect usage of object-oriented approach for evaluating accessibility for disabled at different territories and transport systems is confirmed.
Chitosan-Bentonite crosslinked film as indicator for copper (II) ions adsorption
Authors: Osman Nurul Huda , Mazu Nurul Najiha , Chyi Josephine Liew Ying , Ramli Muhammad Mahyiddin , Majid Mohammad Abdull Halim Mohd Abdull , Mazlan Hazeem Ikhwan
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on chitosan/bentonite crosslinked (ChB-ECH) film for removal of Cu (II). The effects of chitosan/bentonite ratio on the removal percentage were studied along with the effect of different Cu (II) concentration and the contact time on the film adsorption capacity, qt. The electrical properties of the film are studied, before and after the adsorption occurred, by using impedance spectroscopy for different parameters such as DC conductivity, the complex dielectric constants (ε′ and ε″) and complex electrical modulas (M′ and M″). The results showed that the chitosan/bentonite ratio of 3:1 produces highest removal percentage at 29%, while the contact time of 120 minutes was found to be optimum. An increment in the DC conductivity of the ChB-ECH film's was observed up to 10−7 S/cm as the removal percentage of film increased. The film with the highest Cu (II) adsorb also showed the highest value for ε′ and ε″ while exhibiting non-Derby behavior. Shifting of peak amplitude of the M″ towards the higher frequency was also observed as the Cu (II) adsorption in the film increased. The results showed that all the electrical parameters can be utilized to determine the amount of adsorbed copper (II) in chitosan/bentonite film.
Fastenkuren begleiten
Authors: Blume Ralf , Schlimpen Michael , Thumm Anusati , Heilmann-Wagner Elke
Published: June 2021

Vier Experten stellen die Begleitung von Fastenkuren mithilfe von Homöopathie, Phytotherapie, ätherischen Ölen und einem heißen Heublumensack vor.
Hygiene neu verstehen: Teil 2
Authors: Handke Denis Maximilian
Published: June 2021

Unter anderem erklärt der Beitrag am Beispiel der Desinfektion, wie die drei W-Fragen „Warum?“, „Was?“ und „Wie?“ dabei helfen können, einen Überblick über die in der eigenen Praxis notwendigen Hygienemaßnahmen zu gewinnen. Vorgestellt wird auch die interne Hygienebegehung anhand einer Frageliste, mithilfe derer Leserinnen und Leser Klarheit über die Vollständigkeit ihrer Hygienemaßnahmen in der Praxis gewinnen können. Die Themen der internen Hygienebegehung erstrecken sich vom Hygieneplan und Hygienebeauftragten über die Desinfektion und den Entsorgungsplan bis hin zur sanitären Ausstattung der Praxis und mehr.
Ambulantes Management nach vorzeitigem Blasensprung – eine chancenreiche Alternative auch für das geburtshilfliche Outcome
Authors: Klotzsch Anne-Katrin , Li Weijing , Kaiser Monique , Hurpin Marie , Abou-Dakn Michael
Published: June 2021

Das ambulante Management nach vorzeitigem Blasensprung am Termin erlaubt es, dass Frauen sich möglichst lang in ihrer vertrauten Umgebung aufhalten. Seit September 2017 wird das ambulante Procedere im St. Joseph Krankenhaus Berlin-Tempelhof erfolgreich praktiziert. Nun liegen die Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven, quantitativen Datenerhebung vor, die die positiven Effekte hinsichtlich des geburtshilflichen Outcomes bestätigen.
Lösungen jenseits des Kühlschranks
Authors: Miorin-Bellermann Juliane
Published: June 2021

In den drei vorgestellten Fällen – Binge-Eating, Übergewicht und Untergewicht – wünschen sich die Patienten jeweils Hilfe in Bezug auf Essverhalten und Gewicht. Die Behandlung umfasst psychotherapeutische Interventionen und Lebensstiländerungen, aber auch die Gabe von Präparaten zur gezielten Hormonstimulation und -rhythmisierung. Wie die Fälle zeigen, ist die hormonfokussierte Therapie ein wichtiger Baustein in der Behandlung von Beschwerden, die mit einem gestörten Zusammenspiel von Hunger, Sättigung und/ oder Fettstoffwechsel einhergehen.
Bacteriological Surveillance of Ambulance Vehicles from a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India
Authors: Sharma Shiwani , Datta Priya , Gupta Varsha , Vasesi Dipanshu , Chander Jagdish
Published: June 2021

Objective An ambulance is a medically equipped vehicle which is used in case of any medical emergency for the transport of patients to treatment facilities. The ambulances help in the transportation of thousands of patients per year, and such patients may carry infectious microorganisms which pose a major threat to the treatment of such patients. In this study, we analyzed the extent of bacterial contamination in our ambulance vehicles and measured the degree of antimicrobial resistance among isolated pathogens.

Material and Method This study included five ambulances of our tertiary care hospital and different random sites were swabbed in each vehicle. These were selected based on their well-known high frequency of contact by emergency personnel and patients. Swabs were inserted into sterile test tubes containing normal saline and immediately transferred to our microbiology laboratory to identify bacterial contaminants utilizing standard microbiological procedures.

Result A total of 198 swab samples were collected from all the five ambulances, out of which 170 (85.8%) swabs were sterile and 28 (14.2%) swabs yielded potentially pathogenic bacterial isolates. The highest contamination rate with pathogenic bacteria was detected in the oxygen flow meter knob (60%), suction machine tubing (60%), and stethoscope (40%). Staphylococcus aureus (32%) was the most frequently detected microorganism.

Conclusion Our study showed low prevalence of bacterial contamination in ambulances because of good infection control policy of our hospital, however, some areas still need improvement and require proper standard operating procedures of disinfection policies of these emergency vehicles.
Functional Outcomes of Bilateral Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Brilakis Emmanouil , Chytas Dimitrios , Gerogiannis Dimitrios , Avramidis Grigorios , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil
Published: June 2021

Purpose To answer the question whether bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a safe and effective treatment which results in satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes with low complications rates. A second question to be answered was: what is the quality of the evidence of the already published studies which investigate the use of bilateral RTSA?

Methods Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. These databases were queried with the terms “reverse” AND “total” AND “shoulder” AND “arthroplasty” AND “clinical.” Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results From the 394 initial studies we finally selected and assessed 6 clinical studies which were eligible to our inclusion–exclusion criteria. The aforementioned studies included in total 203 patients (69% females; mean age range: 67.1–75 years; mean follow-up range: 12–61 months). From those, 168 patients underwent staged bilateral RTSA (mean duration between first and second operation range: 8–21.6 months) and the rest of them a unilateral RTSA as controlled treatment. Almost all mean clinical and functional scores, which were used to assess the therapeutic value of bilateral RTSA, depicted significant postoperative improvement in comparison with the mean preoperative values. The modified Coleman methodology score, which was used to assess the quality of the studies, ranged from a minimum of 36/100 to a maximum of 55/100.

Conclusion Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, staged bilateral RTSA seems to be a safe and effective procedure for patients with cuff tear arthropathy, which results in significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes and low reoperations' rates.

Level of Evidence Systematic review of level III-IV therapeutic studies.
A Questionnaire Assessing Utilization of Delayed Cord Clamping
Authors: Uduwana Shanika R. , Nemerofsky Sheri L.
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to assess the practice of delayed cord clamping (DCC) and the awareness of its benefits for newborns between Obstetric (OB) and neonatal physicians. We examined if provider characteristics including years of experience, level of training, familiarity of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)/American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations, institutional policy, and the racial and ethnic background of patient population were associated with implementation of DCC.

Study Design This research is a cross-sectional online questionnaire study.

Results 975 questionnaires were returned. Overall, the awareness of ACOG versus AAP recommendations was 94 versus 86% (p < 0.01). 86 versus 78% of OB and neonatal physicians practiced or witnessed DCC >50% of the time, respectively (p < 0.01). An equal number of OB and neonatal physicians believed in the benefits to newborns of DCC. Physicians with >10 years of practice were less likely to acknowledge DCC benefits. Physicians with a majority of non-White patients were less likely to practice/witness DCC (p < 0.05).

Conclusion There continues to be room for improvement in the practice of DCC. Institutional policies and awareness of ACOG/AAP recommendations impact the understanding of the benefits of DCC and the likelihood of the practice. There is a significant difference in the practice of DCC among patients with different racial backgrounds. Hospital leadership may consider investing in the education and implementation of updated guidelines to ensure DCC is routinely practiced.

Key Points