bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audit Fees, Kinerja Keuangan dan Risiko Perusahaan yang Melakukan Revaluasi Aset: Investigasi Berdasarkan Sektor Industri Manufaktur
Authors: Auliyamartha Agustina Rima , Darmansyah Darmansyah
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The revaluation of fixed assets is still not widely applied by the issuers in Indonesia, although the adoption of IFRS has been implemented since 2012. Assets revaluation is done in order for the company to calculate its fixed assets based on fair value so that the financial statements show the actual capability of the company. Factors related to the revaluation in addition to the cost of the appraiser’s services are audit fees, financial performance and corporate risk. The purpose of this study is to see differences in audit fees, financial performance of manufacturing companies reflected by return on assets and debt to assets ratio based on industrial sector in companies that do asset revaluation. The analytical method used is Kruskal-Wallis Test. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in audit fees, return on assets and debt to assets ratios based on industry sectors in companies that perform asset revaluation.

ABSTRAK

Revaluasi aset tetap masih belum banyak diterapkan oleh para emiten di Indonesia, meskipun pengadopsian IFRS sudah diterapkan sejak tahun 2012. Penilaian kembali atau revaluasi aset dilakukan dengan tujuan agar perusahaan dapat melakukan perhitungan atas aset tetapnya berdasar nilai wajar sehingga laporan keuangan menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan yang sebenarnya. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan revaluasi selain biaya jasa penilai adalah audit fees, kinerja keuangan dan risikoperusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan audit fees, kinerja keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang dicerminkan dengan return on assets dan debt to assets ratio berdasarkan sektor industri pada perusahaan yang melakukan revaluasi aset. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji beda Kruskal-Wallis Test. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan dalam audit fees, return on assets dan debt to assets ratio berdasarkan sektor industri pada perusahaan yangmelakukan revaluasi aset.

JEL Classification: M41, L60
Determinan atas Stubben Earning Management Model: Perspektif Teori Pensinyalan
Authors: Roosmayani Melly , Ahmar Nurmala
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that affect earning management in firms that registered in Indonesian Stock Exchange during five years 2010-2014. Determination of the sample in this study carried out purposive sampling. This study involved 14 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange to take 5 years of research starting from the year 2010-2014. The factors examined are leverage, profitability and free cash flow. This study adopts the research conducted by Stubben (2010) where there are two measurements model is the discretionary revenue model consists of revenue model and conditional revenue model. Tools of analysis used moderate regression analysis. Research results show that leverage had no effect on earning management revenue model but leverage had effect on earning management conditional revenue model. Profitability and free cash flow had no effect on earning management revenue model and conditional revenue model. Interaction between free cash flow and leverage and interaction between free cash flow and profitability had no effect on earning management revenue model and conditional revenue model. The contribution of this research is debt asset ratio and conditional revenue model could give the signal to shareholder that management decrease practice earning management.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba pada perusahaan perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2010-2014. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan 14 perusahaan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan mengambil 5 tahun penelitian mulai tahun 2010-2014. Faktor faktor yang diuji adalah leverage, profitabilitas dan arus kas bebas. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Stubben (2010) dimana terdapat dua model pengukuran revenue discretionary model yang terdiri dari revenue model dan conditional revenue model. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah moderate regresi analisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba revenue model tetapi leverage berpengaruh terhadap praktik manajemen laba conditional revenue model. Profitabilitas dan arus kas bebas tidak berpengaruh terhadap praktik manajemen laba baik revenue model maupun conditional revenue model. Interaksi antara arus kas bebas dengan leverage dan interaksi antara arus kas bebas dengan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap praktik manajemen laba baik revenue mode maupun conditional revenue model. Kontribusi penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa hubungan debt to asset ratio dengan conditional revenue model memberikan signal kepada para pemilik saham dimana manajemen mengurangi praktik manajemen laba terhadap suatu perusahaan.

JEL Classification: M41, C39
Pengaruh Karakteristik Tujuan Anggaran Terhadap Kinerja Aparat Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta
Authors: Kurnia Hadi
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The use of budgets to control, evaluate communications, and improve coordination is an activity in the preparation of the budget. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of budgetary participation, clarity of budget objectives, budget evaluation, budgetary feedback and difficulty in achieving budget objectives on the performance of local government apparatus. The sample of this research is 41 employees of Local Government Work Unit (SKPD) of Provincial Government of Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Pengujian data quality is done with the validity and reliability test followed by the classical assumption test. Hypothesis test is done by multiple regression test. The results showed that participation and difficulty in achieving the objectives did not affect the performance of the government apparatus. Feedback, budget evaluation and objective clarity proved to have an effect on the performance of the apparatus. The results of this study are expected to contribute in the evaluation of personnel performance and human resource management in the provincial government especially DKI Jakarta.

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan anggaran untuk melakukan pengendalian, evaluasi komunikasi, dan meningkatkan koordinasi merupakan aktivitas dalam penyusunan anggaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh partisipasi anggaran, kejelasan tujuan anggaran, evaluasi anggaran, umpan balik anggaran dan kesulitan pencapaian tujuan anggaran terhadap kinerja aparat pemerintah daerah. Sampel penelitian adalah 41 pegawai Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (SKPD) Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta. Perngujian kualitas data dilakukan dengan uji validitas dan reliabilitas dilanjutkan dengan uji asumsi klasik. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan partisipasi dan kesulitan pencapaian tujuan tidak mempengaruhi kinerja aparat pemerintah. Umpan balik, evaluasi anggaran dan kejelasan tujuan terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kinerja aparat. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam evaluasi kinerja aparat dan tata kelola sumber daya manusia di Pemerintah Provinsi khususnya DKI Jakarta.

JEL Classification: M38, L25, M48
Pendapatan Komprehensif Lain Perusahaan Sektor Aneka Industri di Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate how the implementation of the presentation of other comprehensive income after the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards. Research subjects are various industry sectors. Other comprehensive income components tested are foreign exchange differences, employee benefits, available financial instruments sold, hedges, asset revaluation, associations and venture. The research object is 42 company data of miscellaneous industry sector. The data analysis method used is cross-tabulation and test of Cramer-V difference. The results of the study conclude that the other components of comprehensive income that are presented differently in the research subjects are foreign exchange differences, available financial instruments for sale, hedging, asset revaluation and association. While the other comprehensive component of the presented income is no different is the employee benefits and joint venture.

ABSTRAK

Pujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi bagaimana implementasi penyajian other comprehensive income setelah penerapan International Financial Reporting Standars. Subyek penelitian adalah sector aneka industry. Komponen penghasilan komprehensif lain yang diuji adalah selisih kurs, imbalan kerja, instrument keuangan yang tersedia dijual, lindung nilai, revaluasi aset, asosiasi, dan ventura. Obyek penelitian adalah 42 data perusahaan perusahaan sector aneka industry. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah tabulasi silang dan uji beda Cramer-V. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa komponen penghasilan komprehensif lain yang tersaji berbeda pada subyek penelitian adalah selisih kurs, instrument keuangan yang tersedia dijual, hedging, revaluasi aset dan asosiasi. Sedangkan komponen penghasilan komprehensif lain yang tersaji tidak berbeda adalah imbalan kerja dan ventura bersama.

JEL Classification: M41, M16, E42
Locus of control: an employee job embeddedness implication for bankers in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria, Emmanuel Chijioke Dibua , Emmanuel Ejiofo Nwanmuoh ,   Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Nsuka, Racheal John-Akamelu Chitom ,   Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Management Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nigeria
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between Locus of Control (LOC) and Employee Embeddedness (EE) in Nigeria's selected commercial banks. Research Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design with a population of 400 employees. The sample size was 190 was determined using Krejcie and Morgan formula. A questionnaire was the instrument for data collection, while the analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance, Results: Internal LOC has a statistically significant effect on sacrifice (R = .976; R-Square = .952; p-value < 0.05). Internal LOC makes it possible for employees to be more entangled in the organization, thereby making exiting the firms more difficult. Limitations: Data was not collected from different regions in Nigeria, hence limiting the study's generalizability. Contribution: This study represents the most recent LOC work, and it is novel in relating LOC to EE in Nigeria. Keywords: Locus of Control, Internal LOC, Employee job embeddedness, Sacrifice
Kewirausahaan produk olahan susu dan durian untuk pengembangan ekonomi kreatif desa Wonomerto Jombang
Authors:   Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia, Muhimatul Khoiroh Siti , Herlina Herlina ,   Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia, Insan Romadhan Mohammad ,   Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Wonomerto Village is a durian and milk-producing village; besides, the majority of the people work as rice farmers. Durian and milk are a side business that is used as additional income during the waiting period for harvest. The price is quite low than the price of durian or milk in cities. This is a problem for the government who wants to raise the village's natural products as a potential business to support the tourism program of the City of Jombang. Method: A 4-stage work program was compiled to solve the problems of Wonomerto Village partners, namely socialization, implementation, evaluation and reporting. The implementation of partnerships in the field of entrepreneurship in the form of processing milk production, durian, as well as online packaging and marketing techniques by utilizing a mini studio made from affordable materials to penetrate the online market. Results: The results of this training program are that the community is able to make various processed products with added value, such as milk candy, fresh milk variants, durian pies, and durian milk cakes with attractive packaging to be marketed in various tourist attractions in Jombang. Conclusions: This training has a positive impact in increasing understanding of innovation and technology by 70% as well as interest in innovation for increasing the existence of the creative industry in Wonomerto Village. Keywords: Product innovation, Milk, Durian, Packaging, marketing
Analisis Penerimaan Aplikasi Web Engineering Pelayanan Pengaduan Masyarakat Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Suaidah Suaidah
Published: March 2021

P2TP2A-LIP adalah lembaga layanan perempuan dan anak yang dirancang untuk memenuhi informasi dan kebutuhan di bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, politik, hukum, perlindungan dan pencegahan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak serta perdagangan manusia. Sebagai salah satu sarana pelayanan publik, P2TP2A belum  menerapkan teknologi informasi untuk memberikan pelayanan, yaitu pengelolaan pengaduan masyarakat, pengelolaan informasi, pelayanan konsultasi, dan penguluhan kepada masyarakat. Sistem pada P2TP2A sebelumnya masih bersifat konvensional dalam proses pengelolaan pengaduan masyarakat, maka perlu diketahui seberapa besar penerimaan sistem baru berbasis teknologi informasi pada masyarakat dan pegawai di P2TP2A dalam menggunakan aplikasi web engineering agar dapat berfungsi secara maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerimaan aplikasi web engineering pelayanan pengaduan masyarakat menggunakan pendekatan TAM. Pada pendekatan technology acceptance model (TAM) terdapat beberapa faktor yang dinilai yaitu persepsi  kegunaan dan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan yang didapat dari hasil kuesioner  yang diberikan ke responden. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan serta bagaimana penerimaan masyarakat terhadap aplikasi web engineering pelayanan pengaduan masyarakat pada P2TP2A.
Penerapan Logika Fuzzy Metode Mamdani dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Produksi Garam Nasional
Authors: Sari Yulia Retno
Published: March 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara maritim. Negara yang memiliki garis pantai  nomor  dua terpanjang di dunia. Dengan garis pantai yang panjang, Indonesia dapat menghasilkan sumber daya alam laut yang berlimpah contohnya garam. Garam adalah komoditi strategis, dikatakan strategis karena garam dibutuhkan untuk konsumsi, industri, farmasi dan pengeboran minyak. Merujuk pada neraca garam nasional yang dikeluarkan Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) pada tahun 2014 dinyatakan percepatan kenaikan rata-rata konsumsi garam berbanding terbalik dengan jumlah produksi garam nasional yang dihasilkan tiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi jumlah produksi garam nasional menggunakan logika fuzzy metode mamdani. Hasil prediksi yang diperoleh adalah 1.400.000 ton per-tahunnya. Jumlah produksi yang akan diprediksi memiliki variabel - variabel independen yaitu curah hujan, luas lahan dan kebutuhan garam. Dengan mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jumlah produksi garam tersebut maka dianalisa bahwa variabel independen dapat menjelaskan variasi jumlah produksi garam sebesar 53% sedangkan sisanya diterangkan oleh variabel lain. Oleh karena itu ketiga variabel tersebut harus dioptimalkan melalui cara intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi yang pastinya harus didukung dengan kebijakan – kebijakan yang diterbitkan oleh pemerintah.
Perancangan Aplikasi Android untuk Kegiatan Tahfizh Alquran Daring menggunakan Platform Firebase
Authors: Ardi Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Tahfizh Alquran merupakan bentuk kegiatan keagamaan yang memiliki makna untuk menjaga kelestarian dan memelihara Alquran, agar tidak terjadi kegiatan pemalsuan dan perubahan serta dapat menjaga dari hal kelupaan baik secara keseluruhan maupun sebagian. Permasalahan saat ini dengan adanya kondisi pandemi membuat sebagian siswa bahkan masyarakat menjaga jarak dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, terlebih lagi kegiatan penghafalan Alquran yang dilakukan oleh MTT Miftahul Janah. Aspek ini menyebabkan segala bentuk kegiatan harus dilakukan secara daring mengingat aktivitas kegiatan Tahfiz Alquran harus tetap berjalan, di sisi lain adanya permasalahan ini membuat tidak terjadwal dan terdokumentasi dengan baik segala bentuk kegiatan penghafal Alquran. Tujuan dari pembuatan aplikasi ini adalah agar siswa dan masyarakat serta tutor dapat memantau segala kegiatan Tahfizh Alquran pada MTT Miftahul Janah berjalan tanpa hambatan, terjadwal dan terdokumentasi. Aplikasi ini dikembangkan dengan menerapkan model proses dengan alur proses iteratif yakni model iteratif/incremental. Pada model waterfall setiap proses pengembangan dilakukan secara berurutan, yakni dimulai dari komunikasi, perencanaan, pemodelan, konstruksi hingga deployment, sehingga iterasi selanjutnya akan dikerjakan setelah iterasi sebelumnya selesai maupun beriringan dengan iterasi sebelumnya. Hasilnya terciptalah prototipe sistem aplikasi Android berbasis Mobile dengan platform firebase untuk menunjang kegiatan Tahfizh Alquran di MTT Miftahul Janah.
Implementation of M-Learning Applications as Learning Media Based on Android
Authors: Kirana Chandra
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan manfaat kepada siswa dalam proses belajar. Saat ini proses belajar masih bersifat monoton atau manual. Berdasarkan masalah di atas peneliti ingin membuat sebuah aplikasi sebagai sarana belajar berbasis Android. Aplikasi ini berisi tentang materi-materi. Aplikasi ini juga dilengkapi dengan soal latihan yang sesuai dengan jurusan siswa tersebut dengan pengacakan soal menggunakan algoritma pengacakan algoritma fisher – yates shuffle. Penerapan model pembelajaran merupakan salah satu tugas guru untuk membantu perkembangan siswa dalam hasil belajar tersebut. Namun, pada umumnya siswa berpandangan bahwa pengetahuan sebagai perangkat yang harus dihafal, sehingga diperlukan sebuah model pembelajaran yang lebih banyak memberdayakan siswa, yakni sebuah model pembelajaran yang mendorong siswa untuk lebih aktif dan mandiri. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut diperlukan sebuah aplikasi berbasis Android yang dapat digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan sebagai media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan pelajar untuk memudahkan belajar melalui smartphone berbasis Android yang dapat digunakan siswa sebagai media belajar yang menyenangkan, dan membuat siswa lebih tertarik . Dengan adanya aplikasi M-Learning berbasis android sebagai media pembelajaran terkini menjadikan proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih mudah. Selain itu, dengan adanya aplikasi ini pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA ASN DI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN MAJENE
Authors: Ilham Zool , Pananrangi Andi Rasyid , Bahri Syamsul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap semangat kerja ASN di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Majene dan mengetahui variabel dominan yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan survei dan menyebar kuesioner untuk menganalisis fakta dan data-data yang menunjang keterangan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung pembahasan penelitian. Sedangkan jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu menguraikan dan menjelaskan tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap semangat kerja ASN di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Majene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap semangat kerja ASN di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Majene; Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap semangat kerja ASN di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Majene, artinya lingkungan kerja semakin baik dan kondusif, maka semangat kerja ASN juga akan meningkat. Dari kedua variabel tersebut, variabel kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh yang dominan terhadap semangat kerja ASN di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Majene, karena memiliki nilai beta yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan variabel lainnya.
This study aims to: Know and analyze the influence of leadership and work environment on the morale of ASN at the Regional Secretariat of Majene Regency and to determine the dominant variables that influence it. This research was conducted using a survey approach and distributing questionnaires to analyze facts and data that support the information needed to support the research discussion. While the type of research is quantitative descriptive, which describes and explains the influence of leadership and work environment on the morale of ASN at the Regional Secretariat of Majene Regency. The results showed that: Leadership has a positive and significant effect on the morale of ASN in the Regional Secretariat of Majene Regency; The work environment has a positive and significant effect on the morale of ASN at the Regional Secretariat of Majene Regency, meaning that the work environment is getting better and conducive, so the morale of ASN will also increase. Of the two variables, the leadership variable has a dominant influence on the morale of ASN at the Regional Secretariat of Majene Regency, because it has a beta value that is greater than the other variables.
Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL): Probabilistic Predictive Model
Authors: Suhir Ephraim
Published: March 2021

Reliability evaluations and assurances cannot be delayed until the device (system) is fabricated and put into  operation. Reliability of an electronic product should be  conceived at the early stages of its design; implemented during manufacturing; evaluated (considering customer requirements and the existing specifications), by  electrical, optical and mechanical measurements and testing; checked (screened) during fabrication; and, if necessary and appropriate, maintained in the field during  the product’s operation. Prognostics and health monitoring (PHM) effort can be of significant help,  especially at the last, operational stage, of the product use. Accordingly, a simple and physically meaningful probabilistic predictive model is suggested for the evaluation of the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) of an electronic device (system) after an appreciable deviation  from its normal operation conditions has been detected,  and the corresponding increase in the failure rate and the change in the configuration of the wear-out portion of the  bathtub curve has been assessed. The general concepts are illustrated by a numerical example. The model can be employed, along with other PHM forecasting and  interfering tools and means, to evaluate and to maintain  the high level of the reliability (probability of non-failure)  of a device (system) at the operation stage of its lifetime.
A Mobility Performance Assessment on Plug-in EV Battery
Authors: Mohammad Rezvanizanian Seyed , Huang Yixiang , Chuan Jiang , Lee Jay
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with mobility prediction of LiFeMnPO4 batteries for an emission-free Electric Vehicle. The data-driven model has been developed based on empirical data from two different road types –highway and local streets –and two different driving modes – aggressive and moderate. Battery State of Charge (SoC) can be predicted on any new roads based on the trained model by selecting the drving mode. In this paper, the performance of Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network (ARNN) and regression is evaluated using two benchmark data sets. The ARNN model at first estimates the speed profile of the new road based on slope and then both slope and speed is going to be used as the input to estimate battery current and SoC. Through comparison it is found that if ARNN system is appropriately trained, it performs with better accuracy than Regression in both two road types and driving modes. The results show that prediction SoC model follows the Columb-counting SoC according to the road slope.
Diagnostics of Local Tooth Damage in Gears by the Wavelet Technology
Authors: Gelman L. , Petrunin I. , Jennions I. K. , Walters M.
Published: March 2021

The chipped gear tooth appearance is normally a result of the initial fatigue damage in a tooth. It is a special gear failure mode and differs from local fatigue damage of gear teeth. Therefore, diagnosis of chipped gear tooth requires a special investigation. Recently, the novel gear damage diagnosis technology, based on the wavelet transform was proposed and successfully applied for diagnosis of the early stage fatigue damage. The proposed technology is applied in this study for diagnostics of a partly-missing (chipped) tooth in a gear of the Machine Fault Simulator (MFS). The advanced automatic technology for the time synchronous averaging of the raw gear vibrations has been employed in this study; this technology does not require speed data. An advanced decision making technique based on use of the likelihood ratio allowed for the continuous correct diagnosis of chipped teeth throughout the recorded data without false alarms and missed detections. The likelihood ratio was obtained using the Gaussian models of the data for classes “undamaged” and “damaged”.
A View of Standards for Prognostics and Health Management
Authors: Bird Jeff , Shao Ginger
Published: March 2021

The mandate of the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) Society includes attention to standards because of their benefit in providing generally accepted technical specifications thus enabling adoption of practices across the health management domain. While there are a number of other organizations with strong foci on standards, the society recognizes the need for harmonization and coordination in this field. This communication summarizes observations from the standards panel session during 2012 PHM conference with participants from the Federal Aviation Administration, Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers, International Standards Organization and Society of Automotive Engineering. Steps for a way forward are proposed and mechanisms for interested parties to participate are suggested.
A New Acoustic Emission Sensor Based Gear Fault Detection Approach
Authors: Qu Yongzhi , Bechhoefer Eric , He David , Zhu Junda
Published: March 2021

In order to reduce wind energy costs, prognostics and health management (PHM) of wind turbine is needed to reduce operations and maintenance cost of wind turbines. The major cost on wind turbine repairs is due to gearbox failure. Therefore, developing effective gearbox fault detection tools is important in the PHM of wind turbine. PHM system allows less costly maintenance because it can inform operators of needed repairs before a fault causes collateral damage happens to the gearbox. In this paper, a new acoustic emission (AE) sensor based gear fault detection approach is presented. This approach combines a heterodyne based frequency reduction technique with time synchronous average (TSA) and spectral kurtosis (SK) toprocess AE sensor signals and extract features as condition indictors for gear fault detection. Heterodyne techniques commonly used in communication are used to preprocess the AE signals before sampling. By heterodyning, the AE signal frequency is down shifted from MHz to below 50 kHz. This reduced AE signal sampling rate is comparable to that of vibration signals. The presented approach is validated using seeded gear tooth crack fault tests on a notational split torque gearbox. The approach presented in this paper is physics based and the validation results have showed that it could effectively detect the gear faults.
An Unscented Kalman Filter Based on-line Diagnostic Approach For PEM Fuel Cell Flooding
Authors: Zhang Xian , Pisu Pierluigi
Published: March 2021

Poor water management usually leads to various degrees of flooding in the hydrogen type fuel cell, affecting both the instantaneous performance and the long-term durability of the system adversely. While a lot of fuel cell diagnostic tools exist that could be utilized for the flooding diagnostics, most of these approaches are intrusive, requiring special modification to the fuel cell that affects its integrity, or special equipment (e.g. AC spectrometer) that adds to the complexity and cost of the system, and therefore are not considered to be a viable solution for the on-board integration of the diagnostic scheme.This paper proposes a model based approach for the fuel cell flooding diagnostics problem, utilizing only the cell current and voltage, and the inlet pressures of the fuel cell as the input signals of the diagnostic scheme. A diagnostic-oriented fuel cell system dynamic model is developed to incorporate the effects of the fault, i.e. the flooding, on the system dynamics. For simplicity, only the cathode channel flooding, the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) flooding, and the anode channel flooding are considered while we neglect the mass transport loss through the anode GDL. The cathode channel flooding and the GDL flooding diagnostic problems are decoupled and formulated as standard joint state and parameter estimation problems, with the amounts of the liquid water treated as varying system parameters to be identified. The unscented Kalman Filter technique has been applied to solve these problems. Simulation results validate the applicability of the cascading unscented Kalman filter design for flooding diagnostics.
A Systematic Framework for Battery Performance Estimation Considering Model and Parameter Uncertainties
Authors: Jing Rong , Xi Zhimin , Guang Yang Xiao , Decker Ed
Published: March 2021

Up to date, model and parameter uncertainties are generally overlooked by majority of researchers in the field of battery diagnostics and prognostics. As a consequence, accuracy ofthe battery performance estimation is dominated by the model fidelity and may vary from cell-to-cell. This paper proposes a systematic framework to quantify battery model and parameter uncertainties for more effective battery performance estimation. Such a framework is generally applicable for estimating various battery performances of interest (e.g. state of charge (SOC), capacity, and power capability). Case studies for battery SOC estimation are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Predictive Model Evaluation for PHM
Authors: Yang Chunsheng , Zou Yanni , Liu Jie , Mulligan Kyle R
Published: March 2021

In the past decades, machine learning techniques or algorithms, particularly, classifiers have been widely applied to various real-world applications such as PHM. In developing high-performance classifiers, or machine learning-based models, i.e. predictive model for PHM, the predictive model evaluation remains a challenge. Generic methods such as accuracy may not fully meet the needs of models evaluation for prognostic applications. This paper addresses this issue from the point of view of PHM systems. Generic methods are first reviewed while outlining their limitations or deficiencies with respect to PHM. Then, two approaches developed for evaluating predictive models are presented with emphasis on specificities and requirements of PHM. A case of real prognostic application is studies to demonstrate the usefulness of two proposed methods for predictive model evaluation. We argue that predictive models for PHM must be evaluated not only using generic methods, but also domain-oriented approaches in order to deploy the models in real-world applications.
Towards Real-time, On-board, Hardware-supported Sensor and Software Health Management for Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Schumann Johann , Rozier Kristin Y. , Reinbacher Thomas , J. Mengshoel Ole , Mbaya Timmy , Ippolito Corey
Published: March 2021

For unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to be successfully deployed and integrated within the national airspace, it is imperative that they possess the capability to effectively complete their missions without compromising the safety of other aircraft, as well as persons and property on the ground. This necessity creates a natural requirement for UAS that can respondto uncertain environmental conditions and emergent failures in real-time, with robustness and resilience close enough to those of manned systems. We introduce a system that meets this requirement with the design of a real-time onboard system health management (SHM) capability to continuously monitor sensors, software, and hardware components. This system can detect and diagnose failures and violations of safety or performance rules during the flight of a UAS. Our approach to SHM is three-pronged, providing: (1) real-time monitoring of sensor and software signals; (2) signal analysis, preprocessing, and advanced on-the-fly temporal and Bayesian probabilistic fault diagnosis; and (3) an unobtrusive, lightweight, read-only, low-power realization using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) that avoids overburdening limited computing resources or costly re-certification of flight software. We call this approach rt-R2U2, a name derived from its requirements. Our implementation provides a novel approach of combining modular building blocks, integrating responsive runtime monitoring of temporal logic system safety requirements with model-based diagnosis and Bayesian network-based probabilistic analysis. We demonstrate this approach using actual flight data from theNASA Swift UAS.
Improved Visual Inspection of Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuel Channels
Authors: West Graeme , Murray Paul , Marshall Stephen , McArthur Stephen
Published: March 2021

Visual inspection of fuel channels is important for assessing the health of the UK’s fleet of Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR) power plants. For each fuel channel inspected, any defects found must be classified and assessed by a panel of experts and documented before the plant can return to service. Part of the current inspection process involves extracting relevant frames from visual inspection videos and manually assembling them to form a “crack montage” image. As the plants age, there is increasing pressure to inspect more fuel channels. Dealing with this increase in inspection demand requires new techniques to support the analysis of an increased volume of gathered video data so that crack montages can be made within the tight timescales of the outages. Recent work by the authors has created a technique for automatically processing inspection videos to extract the relevant frames and produce so called chanoramas from which any required defect montages can be cropped. Chanoramas are 360° panoramic images, which show the entire inside surface of the fuel channel inspected, and this provides completely a new way for plant operators to view their visual inspection data and analyse the condition of AGR fuel channels. In this paper we present an industrial case study which first introduces the concept of a chanorama and summarises some initial findings of testing the techniques used to create them. Then, based on the initial testing results, new and advanced image processing techniques which have been designed to improve the quality of the final chanoramas are presented. The paper then expands upon the use of the raw data and describes techniques for rendering it to allow 3D visualisations of the fuel channels which allow inspection engineers to view features of interest from a range of different angles.
Improved Heat Exchanger Lifecycle Prognostic Methods for Enhanced Light Water Reactor Sustainability
Authors: Welz Zachary , Nam Alan , Sharp Michael , Hines J. Wesley , R. Upadhyaya Belle
Published: March 2021

As the licenses of many nuclear power plants in the US and abroad are being extended, accurate knowledge of system and component condition is becoming increasingly important. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has funded a project with the primary goal of developing lifecycle prognostic methods to generate accurate and continuous Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimates as components transition through unique stages of the component lifecycle. Specific emphasis has been placed on creating and transitioning between three distinct stages of operational availability. These stages correspond to Beginning Of Life (BOL) where little or no operational information is available, early onset operations at various expected and observed stress levels where there is the onset of detectable degradation, and degradation towards the eventual End Of Life (EOL). This paper provides an application overview of a developed lifecycle prognostic approach and applies it to a heat exchanger fouling test bed under accelerated degradation conditions resulting in an increased understanding of system degradation. Bayesian and Bootstrap Aggregation methods are applied to show improvements in RUL predictions over traditional methods that do not utilize these methods, thereby improving thelifecycle prognostic model for the component. The analyses of results from applying these lifecycle prognostic algorithms to a heat exchanger fouling experiment are detailed.
Probabilistic Life Models for Steel Structures Subject to Creep- Fatigue Damage
Authors: Ibisoglu Fatmagul , Modarres Mohammad
Published: March 2021

When metal structures are subjected to long-term cyclic loading at high temperature, simultaneous creep and fatigue damage may occur. In this paper probabilistic life models, described by hold times in tension and total strain range at elevated temperature have been derived based on the creeprupture behavior of 316FR austenitic stainless steel, which is one of the candidate structural materials for fast reactors and future Generation IV nuclear power plants operating at high temperatures. The parameters of the proposed creepfatigue model were estimated using a standard Bayesian regression approach. This approach has been performed using the WinBUGS software tool, which is an open source Bayesian analysis software tool that uses the Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method. The results have shown a reasonable fit between the experimental data and the proposed probabilistic creep-fatigue life assessment models. The models are useful for predicting expended life of the critical structures in advanced high temperature reactors when performing structural health management.
Aging Mechanisms and Monitoring of Cable Polymers
Authors: Bowler Nicola , Liu Shuaishuai
Published: March 2021

Aging mechanisms of two polymeric insulation materials that are used widely in nuclear power plant low-voltage cables; cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPR/EPDM), are reviewed. A summary of various nondestructive methods suitable for evaluation of cable insulation is given. A capacitive sensor capable of making local nondestructive measurements of capacitance and dissipation factor on cable polymers, and potentially suitable for in situ cable monitoring, is introduced.Correlating values of elongation-at-break, indenter modulus, capacitance and dissipation factor measured on a set of 47 aged flame-resistant EPR samples shows a higher correlation between indenter modulus and dissipation factor than between indenter modulus and elongation-at-break.
Automatic Threshold Setting and Its Uncertainty Quantification in Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring System
Authors: S. Marhadi Kun , Alexandros Skrimpas Georgios
Published: March 2021

Setting optimal alarm thresholds in vibration based condition monitoring system is inherently difficult. There are no established thresholds for many vibration based measurements. Most of the time, the thresholds are set based on statistics of the collected data available. Often times the underlying probability distribution that describes the data is not known. Choosing an incorrect distribution to describe the data and then setting up thresholds based on the chosen distribution could result in sub-optimal thresholds. Moreover, in wind turbine applications the collected data available may not represent the whole operating conditions of a turbine, which results in uncertainty in the parameters of the fitted probability distribution and the thresholds calculated. In this study, Johnson, Normal, and Weibull distributions are investigated; which distribution can best fit vibration data collected from a period of time. False alarm rate resulted from using threshold determined from each distribution is used as a measure to determine which distribution is the most appropriate. This study shows that using Johnson distribution can eliminate testing or fitting various distributions to the data, and have more direct approach to obtain optimal thresholds. To quantify uncertainty in the thresholds due to limited data, implementations with bootstrap method and Bayesian inference are investigated.
Global Sensitivity Analysis applied to Model Inversion Problems: A Contribution to Rail Condition Monitoring
Authors: Schenkendorf Ren´e , C. Groos J¨orn
Published: March 2021

Rising demands on railroad infrastructure operator by means of profitability and punctuality call for advanced concepts of Prognostics and Health Management. Condition based preventive maintenance aims at strengthening the rail mode of transport through an optimized scheduling of maintenance actions based on the actual and prognosticated infrastructure condition, respectively. When applying model-based algorithms within the framework of Prognostics and Health Management unknown model parameters have to be identified first. Which of these parameters should be known as precisely as possible can be figured out systematically by a sensitivity analysis. A comprehensive global sensitivity analysis, however, might be prohibitive by means of computation load when standard algorithms are implemented. In this study, it is shown how global parameter sensitivities can be calculated efficiently by combining Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Point Estimate Method principles. The proposed framework is demonstrated by a model inversion problem which aims to recalculate the track quality by measurements of the vehicle acceleration, i.e. analyzing the dynamic railway track-vehicle interaction.
Quadrotor Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensor Fault Diagnosis Using Nonlinear Adaptive Estimation Methods
Authors: Avram Remus , Zhang Xiaodong , Muse Jonathan
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the design, analysis, and real-time experimental evaluation results of a nonlinear sensor fault diagnosis scheme for quadrotor unmanned air vehicles (UAV). The objective is to detect, isolate, and estimate sensor bias faults in accelerometer and gyroscope measurements. Based on the quadrotor dynamics and sensor models under consideration, the effects of sensor faults are represented as virtual actuator faults in the quadrotor state equation. Two nonlinear diagnostic estimators are designed to provide structured residualsfor fault detection and isolation. Additionally, after the fault is detected and isolated, a nonlinear adaptive estimation scheme is employed for estimating the unknown fault magnitude.The proposed fault diagnosis scheme is capable of handling simultaneous faults in the accelerometer and gyroscope measurements. The effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method is demonstrated using an indoor real-time quadrotor UAV test environment.
Mission-based reliability prediction in component-based systems
Authors: Nannapaneni Saideep , Dubey Abhishek , Abdelwahed Sherif , Mahadevan Sankaran , Neema Sandeep , Bapty Ted
Published: March 2021

This paper develops a framework for the extraction of a reliability block diagram in component-based systems for reliability prediction with respect to specific missions. A mission is defined as a composition of several high-level functions occurring at different stages and for a specific time during the mission. The high-level functions are decomposed into lower-level functions, which are then mapped to their corresponding components or component assemblies. The reliability block diagram is obtained using functional decomposition and function-component association. Using the reliability block diagram and the reliability information on the components such as failure rates, the reliability of the system carrying out a mission can be estimated. The reliability block diagram is evaluated by converting it into a logic (Boolean) expression. A modeling language created using the Generic Modeling Environment (GME) platform is used, which enables modeling of a system and captures the functional decomposition and function-component association in the system. This framework also allows for real-time monitoring of the system performance where the reliability of the mission can be computed over time as the mission progresses. The uncertainties in the failure rates and operational time of each high-level function are also considered which are quantified through probability distributions using the Bayesian framework. The dependence between failures of components are also considered and are quantified through a Bayesian network (BN). Other quantities of interest such as mission feasibility and function availability can also be assessed using this framework. Mission feasibility analysis determines if the mission can be accomplished given the current state of components in the system, and function availability provides information whether the function will be available in the future given the current state of the system. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a radio-controlled (RC) car to carry out a simple surveillance mission.
Prognostic of RUL based on Echo State Network Optimized by Artificial Bee Colony
Authors: J. Amaya Edgar , J. Alvares Alberto
Published: March 2021

Prognostic is an engineering technique used to predict the future health state or behavior of an equipment or system. In this work, a data-driven hybrid approach for prognostic is presented. The approach based on Echo State Network (ESN) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is used to predict machine’s Remaining Useful Life (RUL). ESN is a new paradigm that establishes a large space dynamic reservoir to replace the hidden layer of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Through the application of ESN is possible to overcome the shortcomings of complicated computing and difficulties in determining the network topology of traditional RNN. This approach describes the ABC algorithm as a tool to set the ESN with optimal parameters. Historical data collected from sensors are used to train and test the proposed hybrid approach in order to estimate the RUL. To evaluate the proposed approach, a case study was carried out using turbofan engine signals show that the proposed method can achieve a good collected from physical sensors (temperature, pressure, speed, fuel flow, etc.). The experimental results using the engine data from NASA Ames Prognostics Data Repository RUL estimation precision. The performance of this model was compared using prognostic metrics with the approaches that use the same dataset. Therefore, the ESN-ABC approach is very promising in the field of prognostics of the RUL.
Probabilistic Approach for Nondestructive Detection of Fatigue Crack Initiation and Sizing
Authors: Keshtgar Azadeh , Modarres Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Early detection of a growing crack is one of the concerns in structural integrity and can be used to predict the remaining useful life of a structure. Acoustic Emission (AE) is a nondestructivetesting method with potential applications for locating and monitoring fatigue cracks. A novel AE signal analysis approach is proposed in this paper to detect crack initiation and assess small crack growth behavior. A probabilistic AE-based model for small fatigue cracks was developed and the uncertainties of the model were estimated. The outcome of this research can be used to evaluate the integrity of structures and assess structural health by estimating the probability density function of the length of detected cracks. This paper discusses the methodology used, experimental approach, results obtained and predictive models developed.