bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les droits des peuples autochtones
Authors: Bellier Irène
Published: May 2018

Lorsque l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies adopta la Déclaration sur les droits des peuples autochtones, en 2007, la reconnaissance en droit international de ces peuples “invisibilisés” par la construction moderne des États et marginalisés par les sociétés dominantes marqua leur intégration dans la famille de l’humanité. Dix ans après cet événement qui étendit le catalogue des droits humains en ajoutant des droits collectifs à la panoplie des droits individuels, cet article revient sur la construction du mouvement autochtone. Il rappelle l’importance de la participation de ces “nouveaux” sujets de droit aux affaires qui les concernent, l’institutionnalisation des questions autochtones et la construction d’un espace transnational, qui inscrivent leurs problématiques dans tous les scénarios de la gouvernance mondiale. Alors que les violations ne sont pas toujours sanctionnées par les tribunaux, l’auteur précise les articulations entre droits humains et droits des peuples autochtones, et l’existence de systèmes régionaux censés les faire respecter.
Le droit des étrangers en France : particularités et finalités d’un droit en constante évolution
Authors: Vachet Marie-Sophie
Published: May 2018

En réglementant l’entrée et le séjour des ressortissants non nationaux sur le territoire français, le droit des étrangers, en tant qu’il constitue une manifestation de la souveraineté l’État, se situe à la croisée des objectifs induits par les exigences de police administrative et de ceux exigés par le respect des droits fondamentaux des individus. Droit qui s’est construit au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et dont le contenu ne cesse d’évoluer au gré des réformes menées en matière d’immigration, le droit des étrangers se caractérise également aujourd’hui par ses nombreuses influences juridiques et jurisprudentielles supranationales. Du fait de la logique de « catégorisation » des individus qu’il opère à travers son code de référence et les nombreux autres textes et conventions bilatérales le composant, l’étude de ce droit, riche et complexe, permet de s’interroger sur la conception juridique de « l’étranger » entendu comme objet et sujet de droit.
Servir sur la scène ou dans les coulisses ?
Authors: Pinna Gabriele
Published: May 2018

Les entreprises hôtelières se caractérisent par l’existence d’une frontière organisationnelle entre le travail sur la scène, en interaction avec les clients, et dans les coulisses. L’approche dramaturgique est particulièrement féconde afin de mettre en avant les différentes règles qui régissent le travail dans ces deux régions. En même temps, dans les hôtels de luxe, la coupure entre scène et coulisses s’accompagne d’une division sociale du travail, mise en place à partir de critères de génération, de sexe et de “race”. Les logiques professionnelles des salariés de la scène et des coulisses dépendent de la reconnaissance au travail et des contraintes de la relation de service. Dans les entreprises dont les barrières entre scène et coulisses sont plus rigides, les stratégies de résistance des salariés des coulisses engendrent davantage de tensions qui alimentent leur antagonisme avec ceux de la scène.
Des papas et des bébés crèchent à La Friche
Authors: Latuillière Marion
Published: May 2018

Si les papas sont restés absents très longtemps de la vie de leurs très jeunes enfants, on observe aujourd’hui de plus en plus de papas au sein des crèches. Qui sont ces « nouveaux pères » ? Comment sont-ils auprès de leurs bébés ? Comment s’organisent-ils avec les mamans ? Autant de questionnements qui nous en apprennent plus sur les papas et les bébés. Mais encore faut-il pouvoir et savoir les accueillir au sein de la crèche, et accompagner professionnellement, dans les structures d’accueil de jeunes enfants, l’évolution de la place des pères auprès de leurs bébés, au sein de leur famille et au sein de l’ensemble de la société.
Quand les papas maternent, qu’en est-il des pères ?
Authors: Sztark Véronique
Published: May 2018

Dans le cadre d’ateliers parents-enfant d’inspiration piklérienne, l’observation du jeu des enfants en présence de leur père ou de leur mère nous ouvre des pistes de compréhension sur la construction psychique de l’enfant dans ses liens avec chacun de ses parents.
Politiques de la (non-) représentation
Authors: Fassin Éric
Published: May 2018

La représentation signifie à la fois, paradoxalement, l’absence de ce qui est représenté et la présence de la représentation. Pour appréhender ce langage de pouvoir du point de vue des minorités, et en particulier des Roms, on peut poser un second paradoxe pour rendre compte de la prolifération d’images et de la rareté des représentants : la surreprésentation des Roms imaginaires, et la sous-représentation des Roms réels. Puis on introduira une nouvelle distinction pour formuler un troisième paradoxe : l’hyper-représentation de la « question rom » dans l’espace public et en même temps la non-représentation du traitement de ces populations par les pouvoirs publics. Cette invisibilisation politique et médiatique est analysée à partir d’expériences d’engagement public à la première personne contre l’antitsiganisme politique. On s’interroge ensuite sur un déplacement qui s’opère dans la représentation, de l’image à la voix, et donc du visible à l’audible, lorsque les premiers concernés, Roms et autres minoritaires, prennent la parole en leur nom propre.
Entre voyeurisme et ironie : représentations télévisuelles des Gitanxs
Authors: Segarra Marta
Published: May 2018

La population gitane espagnole est à la fois sur- et sous-représentée dans la télévision de ce pays. Ce groupe social n’y apparaît en général que lorsqu’il est associé à des délits violents en rapport avec la drogue ou contre la propriété, ou bien l’associant à la musique du flamenco. Cependant, deux émissions récentes, Palabra de gitano et Los Gipsy kings , se sont focalisées sur des familles de ce groupe, la première avec une prétention documentaire et l’autre se plaçant dans le genre de la « téléréalité ». Cet article analyse la représentation des personnes identifiées comme gitanes dans ces deux émissions, en mettant en lumière les traits antitsiganes, racistes, sexistes et homophobes de leurs trames et personnages, mais aussi une certaine capacité d’action de leurs acteurs et actrices, qui leur fait échapper par moments à ce « formatage » médiatique.
De la représentation de l’antitsiganisme à l’imagination morale : « le regard propre » de José Heredia Maya
Authors: Andrés Rodrigo
Published: May 2018

José Heredia Maya (1947-2010), poète, dramaturge, expert en flamenco et professeur de littérature, fut le premier professeur des universités gitan en Espagne. Dans ses écrits pour la revue La mirada limpia y la existencia del otro (2001-2004) et dans l’ouvrage Literatura y Antropología (2004), Heredia développa une taxinomie des diverses façons de regarder l’autre en littérature : le regard propre (le don du regard sans préjugés), le regard conscient (fruit de l’effort vigilant et de la mémoire historique), le regard trouble (reproduisant des peurs sociales et des stéréotypes) et le regard sale (comportant de la haine envers musulmans, Juifs et Gitans). Cet article expose les raisons pour lesquelles le travail d’Heredia a un rôle clé pour la défense, depuis la philosophie (J. C. Mèlich), de la littérature en tant que celle-ci favorise l’imagination morale et, depuis la psychologie cognitive (K. Oatley), du lien entre la littérature et l’empathie sociale.
Repenser la participation politique depuis les marges de l’État
Authors: Cortés Ismael
Published: May 2018

En Espagne, la communauté gitane est généralement perçue comme un groupe culturel absent de la vie politique. Afin de contrebalancer cette perception stéréotypée, avec pour point de départ un examen de l’histoire de l’antitsiganisme, cet article analyse les possibilités offertes par les organisations de la société civile gitane, considérées comme acteurs politiques de la démocratie. Cette analyse tient compte des progrès et des limites de l’approche intégrationniste de l’Espagne relativement au cas des Gitans. Ce texte propose une alternative à l’approche intégrationniste, et introduit une discussion sur les libertés civiles et politiques, en tant que moyens possibles pour améliorer la participation politique des Gitans, par le biais d’une comparaison avec le mouvement des droits des femmes. La méthodologie de cet article combine une étude bibliographique et des entretiens semi-structurés avec des acteurs-clés au sein d’organisations gouvernementales et non-gouvernementales œuvrant à l’intégration des Gitans en Espagne comme FAGA, Union Romani, Centro Socio-Cultural Gitano Andaluz, Consejo Estatal del Pueblo Gitano y Secretaría de Estado para la igualdad y la no-discriminación.
Nous représenter
Authors: Ciuciu Anina
Published: May 2018

En tant que jeune femme Rromni, j’ai fait l’expérience de l’impératif qui est adressé à quiconque naît Rrom dans les sociétés modernes : cacher ce que nous sommes en public et ne pouvoir l’être que dans des ghettos cachés des Gadjés. Dès lors, pour apparaître publiquement, nous n’avons que deux options. La première consiste à haïr en soi son être Rromani autant que le hait le Gadjo afin de ressembler à ce dernier en cessant d’être Rrom. L’autre consiste à revêtir le masque humiliant de la représentation majoritaire avec l’espoir d’y trouver son intérêt. Ces deux possibilités enferment notre participation politique, à l’instar des enfants et jusqu’à récemment des femmes, dans un statut de mineur historique sans souveraineté qui n’agit ni ne s’exprime sans un tutorat majoritaire. Ma riposte consiste, à contre courant de la revendication du statut de victime historique et de nation pré-étatique empruntés encore une fois au catalogue des concepts majoritaires aliénants, à tâcher de construire notre participation politique et symbolique à partir de la réappropriation de ce qui nous représente suivant les moyens conformes à ce que nous sommes réellement : une multiplicité engagée historiquement dans des stratégies de résistance aux tentatives de destruction dont elle est l’objet dans l’histoire collective : esclavage, génocide, incarcération de masse.
Les Organisations Globo : lieux et ressources d’une industrie culturelle au Brésil
Authors: Cohen Évelyne , Goetschel Pascale
Published: May 2018

L’article porte sur la principale entreprise de médias au Brésil, la Globo. La visite effectuée dans ses locaux en novembre 2017 a donné l’occasion de faire le point sur l’histoire et le fonctionnement médiatiques de ce puissant groupe privé, spécifique au Brésil, passé maître dans l’art des telenovelas. On découvre à la fois les arcanes des Estudios Globo, des magasins de décors aux cités scénographiques, comme les différentes manières dont l’entreprise a cherché à valoriser son patrimoine et à faire œuvre de mémoire.
Portrait du guerrier indigène en soldat de la République : un essai d’étude visuelle (1870-1918)
Authors: Soubrier Stéphanie
Published: May 2018

Cet article, qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement des travaux des visual studies anglo-saxonnes, explore la manière dont l’étude de sources iconographiques permet de renouveler l’approche textuelle traditionnelle des troupes françaises d’outre-mer au xix e et au début du xx e  siècle, à travers une série d’exemples. L’analyse d’un abondant corpus de documents iconographiques conservés dans les archives de l’armée et de la société de Géographie, qui soulève certains problèmes méthodologiques spécifiques, permet néanmoins de souligner la manière dont les représentations des tirailleurs coloniaux au xix e  siècle ont repris certains codes de la photographie anthropologique de l’époque précoloniale. La manière dont les tirailleurs coloniaux sont représentés oscille cependant, tout au long du xix e  siècle, entre la volonté de singulariser, qui s’incarne dans le genre du portrait, et celle de représenter non pas un individu, mais un groupe, qui donne naissance au type racial. Elle témoigne également de la grande variété des regards portés par les colonisateurs sur les tirailleurs, qui ne sont pas réductibles à une simple volonté de domination. Au tournant du siècle, apparaît un nouveau type, le « type tirailleur », largement diffusé en métropole par le biais de cartes postales et de vignettes publicitaires. L’apparition de ce type, qui reprend certaines des conventions de la photographie anthropologique du début du xix e  siècle, révèle également, en filigrane, le discours élaboré par les Français sur les vertus « civilisatrices » du service militaire en contexte colonial. Si l’immense majorité des sources utilisées émanent des colonisateurs, les portraits photographiques réalisés en studio par les soldats venus combattre en Europe lors de la Première Guerre mondiale peuvent contribuer à inverser le regard.
Photographier Athènes pendant la Première Guerre mondiale : un panorama de la ville sous le regard de l’armée d’Orient
Authors: Xypolopoulou Maria
Published: May 2018

Cet article rend compte de l’exposition Athènes 1917 : sous le regard de l’armée d’Orient , organisée en octobre 2017 par L’École Française d’Athènes, soutenue par la Mission du Centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale en France et en collaboration avec le musée Benaki. Fondée sur un fonds de photographies rares et d’intérêt exceptionnel, l’exposition présente les aspects particuliers d’Athènes à l’heure de l’entrée officielle de la Grèce dans la Grande Guerre. Elle témoigne aussi de la vie quotidienne de la ville dans les premières décennies du xx e  siècle.
The Effect of Using Class PC and Interactive Boards on Students' Academic Achievement and Creative Thinking
Authors: Hileh Mohamad M. , Sharabati Abdel-Aziz Ahmad , Nasereddin Tamara Yacoub , Hussein Suheir Mustafa
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of teaching and learning methods on Jordanian students' performance in primary schools. This study is of quasi-experimental design. Three tools are used in this study: an interactive board, a class PC and traditional tools. The data was collected by questionnaires, and then regressions were used to test the hypothesis. The results indicate that for creativity thinking, the highest difference between pre and post-test is related to class PC followed by traditional learning and finally interactive boards. Moreover, results indicate that the three tools affect fluency, flexibility and originality, while they have no significant effect on elaboration. The results also indicate that for the academic achievement class the PC reported the highest mean, followed by interactive boards and finally by traditional tools. Furthermore, results show that using class the PC and interactive boards affect students' creative thinking as compared to traditional teaching.
#iziTRAVELSicilia, a Participatory Storytelling Project/Process
Authors: Bonacini Elisa
Published: May 2018

Launched in May 2016 on the izi.TRAVEL platform, the participatory project #iziTRAVELSicilia has been recognized as a best practice of digital promotion and valorisation through storytelling and participatory processes. Involving thousands of people, in just over two years over 170 audioguides have been produced. #iziTRAVELSicilia has become a real model of participation in the co-creation of cultural values, by practicing the principles set out by the Faro Convention, so revealing a serious impact on civil society made by this platform and its technologies. This project was soon transformed into a participatory process, involving just all the “heritage communities” cited by the Faro Convention and transforming them into smart heritage communities, from regional and local authorities to schools, without distinction of greatness and importance of heritage, but with the common aim of enhancing it.
Reconfigurable Antenna Systems for the Next Generation Devices Based on 4G/5G Standard
Authors: Donelli Massimo
Published: May 2018

This article is devoted to showing the applications of innovative reconfigurable antenna systems suitable for the next generation 4G/5G devices. Microwave antenna technology can be very useful for next generation devices based on 4G/5G standards. Next generation tablets and smartphones based on 4G/5G standards will require high bandwidth and high velocity channels with respect to conventional devices. This work tries to present a complete overview of possible applications of advanced antenna technologies for 4G/5G devices and systems. Methodologies, such as phased and fully adaptive arrays, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas based on compact Rotman lenses or butler matrices, development of innovate reconfigurable antennas based on reconfigurable parasitic structures or new materials such as graphene, and unconventional modulation techniques have been investigated in this work. The work ends with some conclusions and considerations related to ideas for future works.
User's Social Network Site Loyalty
Authors: Han Bo
Published: May 2018

The answers to the question of how to build a user's loyalty have become the most desirable knowledge to academics and practitioners, when the competitions turn drastic among social network sites. This article proposes a new model to investigate the influential factors of the user's cognitive loyalty and affective loyalty to a social network site. The authors find that the user's actualization of hoped for self and the informativeness of a social network site both have significant positive effects on the user's perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment, thereby positively influencing the user's loyalties to the Web site.
Some outcomes of the Nomenclature Section of the XIXth International Botanical Congress
Authors: Klopper Ronell L. , De Beer Z. Wilhelm , Smith Gideon F.
Published: May 2018

Background: A Nomenclature Section meeting to amend the International Code of Nomenclaturefor algae, fungi and plants is held every six years, a week before the International Botanical Congress.Objectives: To report on some of the outcomes of the Nomenclature Section of the XIXthInternational Botanical Congress that was held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017.Method: Outcomes that are especially relevant to South African botanists and mycologists aresummarised from published Nomenclature and General Committee reports, as well as thepublished report of congress action.Results: This short note summarises and highlights some of the decisions taken at theNomenclature Section in China, especially those that are important for South African botanistsand mycologists.
The effect of synchronised metronome training: A case study in a single leg, below knee Paralympic sprinter
Authors: Andrews Barry S. , Bressan Elizabeth S.
Published: May 2018

Background: To optimise sprint performance, one needs to understand how motor control affects motor performance. Researchers have proposed that the Dynamic Systems Theory be adopted for explaining motor performance, skill acquisition and the development of pedagogical methods. Within this theory, the individual is seen as a complex system that functions as the interaction of many sub-systems. Entrained movements would be characterised by optimal sequencing, timing and grading of muscle activation. One of the identified control parameters for running is the rhythm in the coordination pattern.Objectives: The objectives of this study were twofold: firstly to investigate whether 6 weeks of timing and rhythmicity training using the computer-based Interactive Metronome™ (IM™) system improves motor timing and rhythmicity, and secondly to investigate whether such effects of IM™ influence the kinematic variables of a sprint.Methods: This study followed a semi-quantitative analysis case study approach using a Paralympic sprinter with a single below knee amputation participated in this study. Data for acceleration and maximal running velocity phases were collected using video recorders.Results and conclusions: As found by previous research, the IM™ programme improved the motor timing and rhythmicity of the athlete. However, in contrast to previous research, only minimal improvements, non-significant improvements, were seen in the actual motor performance. This athlete was an older more established athlete and it is therefore recommended that these types of programmes should be followed by young participants in the more fundamental phases of their movement development, to show best results.
Rational exponents in extremal graph theory
Authors: Bukh Boris , Conlon David
Published: May 2018

Given a family of graphs

\mathcal{H}

, the extremal number ex

(n, \mathcal{H})

is the largest

m

for which there exists a graph with

n

vertices and

m

edges containing no graph from the family

\mathcal{H}

as a subgraph. We show that for every rational number

r

between 1 and 2, there is a family of graphs

\mathcal{H}_r

such that ex

(n, \mathcal{H}_r) = \Theta(n^r)

. This solves a longstanding problem in the area of extremal graph theory.
Inventaire des pseudomonadaceae, isolées de 75 échantillons de produits frais de charcuterie. Etude de leur rôle pathogène éventuel
Authors: Tysset Camille , Espinasse Jacques
Published: May 2018

Les auteurs ont isolé 79 germes de la famille des Pseudomonadaceae de 75 échantillons de saucisses fraîches dont ils ont fait l’analyse bactériologique.

Ils soulignent l’activité enzymatique de ces microorganismes et mettent en évidence le pouvoir pathogène que peuvent acquérir, dans certaines conditions, de tels germes.
Méthode de recherche et de titrage par diffusion en gélose des antibiotiques dans les viandes et les abats des animaux de boucherie. Résultats et conséquences
Authors: Pitre Jean , Martin Pascal
Published: May 2018

La recherche des antibiotiques dans la viande et les organes des animaux de boucherie provenant soit d’une intervention thérapeutique avant leur abattage d’urgence, soit de leur emploi comme conservateurs, telle que proposée est simple, rapide et efficace.

Nos recherches en cours préciseront les conditions dans lesquelles on peut, en employant d’autres germes-test, l’utiliser aussi pour la recherche des antiseptiques, thérapeutiques ou adjoints comme conservateurs ; nous pensons même pouvoir ainsi caractériser les substances par groupes.
Shigella Dysenteriae 2 chez des Chimpanzés en captivité (Pan Troglodytes Blum.)
Authors: Nouvel Jacques , Prot-Lassalle Josette
Published: May 2018

Nous rapportons trois cas simultanés de Shigellose chez des chimpanzés. Shigella dysenteriae 2 a été isolés de l’un d’eux.

Un rapprochement entre les faits constatés et des relations antérieures semble indiquer une réceptivité particulière du genre Macaca dont les représentants peuvent être porteurs sains.
Karyotype Evolution of Chagas Disease Vectors (Hemiptera, Triatominae)
Authors: Chaboli Alevi Kaio Cesar , de Oliveira Jader , Aristeu da Rosa João , de Azeredo-Oliveira Maria Tercília Vilela
Published: May 2018

The Triatominae subfamily is composed of 153 hematophagous species that are potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Karyotypic studies in triatomines were initiated in 1909. There are 92 karyotypes described, all grouped into the tribes Rhodniini and Triatomini. Recently, a phylogenetic study of the triatomines that combines molecular data with geological changes was performed. We now discuss how the karyotype evolved with the diversification of the triatomines.
Case Report: Successful Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis Caused by Fonsecaea monophora in a Patient with Psoriasis Using Itraconazole and Acitretin
Authors: Bao Fangfang , Wang Qihua , Yu Changping , Shang Panpan , Sun Lele , Zhou Guizhi , Wu Mei , Zhang Furen
Published: May 2018

Chromoblastomycosis is a worldwide chronic subcutaneous infection caused by dematiaceous fungi and clinically characterized by verrucous lesions. Herein, we report a rare case of chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea monophora in a 60-year-old male carpenter with a 40-year history of psoriasis from Shandong in northern China. A fungal infection coexisting with psoriasis presents a management dilemma. Our patient responded well to combined itraconazole and acitretin therapy and the lesions resolved completely after 1 month of treatment.
Cholera Outbreak due to Raw Seafood Consumption in South Korea, 2016
Authors: Kim Jeong Hyun , Lee Jin , Hong Sahyun , Lee Sangwon , Na Hae-young , Jeong Young-Il , Choi Eun Jin , Kim Junyoung , Kawk Hyo Sun , Cho Enhi
Published: May 2018

Three cases of cholera occurred in South Korea during a period of three weeks in August 2016. All the cases were associated with the consumption of raw seafood in southern coastal area of South Korea. Epidemiologic investigations were performed to track the spread of cholera, including persons in contact with the cholera patients, seafood, and seawater from the fish tank and marine environments. A microbiological investigation demonstrated that cholera isolated from the three patients and a seawater sample at the Korea Strait showed identical serotype (O1 Ogawa), biotype (El tor), and toxin (ctx-positive). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the three clinical strains are identical (100%) and shared 97% identity with the seawater sample.
CONSTITUIÇÃO, STF E A POLÍTICA PENITENCIÁRIA NO BRASIL: UMA ABORDAGEM AGNÓSTICA DA EXECUÇÃO DAS PENAS
Authors: Machado Bruno Amaral , Santos Rafael Seixas
Published: May 2018

A violação de direitos fundamentais da população carcerária tem atraído a atenção dos meios de comunicação de massa nos últimos anos e tornou-se objeto de pesquisas no campo dos estudos penitenciários. O ideal reabilitador das penas tem sido confrontado pela crescente deterioração das condições carcerárias nos últimos anos. Em outro ângulo, o texto constitucional não reproduz a concepção expressa por quaisquer teorias das penas, mas preocupa-se em estabelecer mecanismos que contenham os efeitos produzidos pelo poder punitivo – em franco direcionamento à redução dos danos ocasionados pelo cárcere. O artigo apresenta e discute mecanismos que, normativamente, assegurem os direitos fundamentais dos apenados. O objetivo é propor possível roteiro de análise e de ações da política penitenciária, a partir de decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Pretende-se analisar os fundamentos dos julgados daquele Tribunal, pertinentes aos direitos fundamentais da população carcerária, a fim de detectar possível adoção de teorias penais ou eventual opção por uma abordagem agnóstica das penas.
DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E AS RELAÇÕES ESPECIAIS DE SUJEIÇÃO
Authors: Adamy Pedro
Published: May 2018

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as relações especiais de sujeição e sua relação com os direitos fundamentais. As relações especiais de sujeição, caracterizadas pela proximidade entre o titular do direito fundamental e o Estado, implicam a diminuição – e em certos casos, a anulação – do exercício de determinadas garantias fundamentais. Em especial, verificar sob quais condições e critérios as limitações impostas aos titulares dos direitos fundamentais são constitucionalmente adequadas ou podem representar uma interferência indevida em tais garantias. Como consequência, toma-se o instituto das relações especiais de sujeição, originada no direito administrativo, e opera-se a sua análise do ponto de vista constitucional. Para tanto, utilizou-se a confrontação de casos concretos com as disposições constitucionais, bem como a análise da bibliografia do direito comparado, em especial a alemã. Como resultado, verificou-se que as limitações ao exercício devem respeitar a determinados critérios, sob pena de violarem direitos e garantias fundamentais. Conclui-se que não se trata de revitalizar uma teoria já ultrapassada oriunda do Direito Administrativo, mas, sim, da necessidade de conferir critérios objetivos e seguros para o controle da legitimidade constitucional das restrições existentes e, principalmente, limitar novas restrições pretendidas pelo legislador. A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 possui diversas hipóteses de relação especial de sujeição, razão pela qual a sua análise se mostra absolutamente atual e necessária. A contribuição original do artigo está, precisamente, em oferecer critérios objetivos para a análise do instituto e permitir que se verifique a adequação constitucional das situações concretas.
GESTÃO DOS ESPAÇOS MARINHOS NO CONTEXTO DAS ENERGIAS MARINHAS RENOVÁVEIS
Authors: Mont`Alverne Tarin Frota , Melo Cavalcante Maira
Published: May 2018

As Energias Marinhas Renováveis (EMR) estão inseridas no contexto de compartilhamento dos espaços marinhos na União Europeia (UE), com possíveis conflitos de interesses. Este artigo possui o objetivo de analisar a gestão dos espaços marinhos e o instrumento de Planejamento do Espaço Marinho como meios de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de EMR, com perspectivas para o Brasil. Inicialmente apresenta-se a política de Crescimento Azul da UE e outras políticas de gestão de espaços e incentivos de EMR na UE. Um seguida, discute-se a governança dos mares e oceanos e especifica-se as questões jurídicas da gestão dos espaços marinhos. Ao final, analisa-se a fundamentação político-jurídica do Planejamento do Espaço Marinho e as tensões entre racionalidades do crescimento econômico e da abordagem ecossistêmica na gestão das atividades industriais localizadas nos mares e oceanos. Conclui-se que o instrumento normativo da PEM aspira a harmonização entre os objetivos do crescimento econômico dos Estados costeiros e da proteção do meio ambiente marinho. Essa harmonização realiza-se com base em uma perspectiva estratégica e integrada de alocação de atividades no espaço oceânico dentro da abordagem ecossistêmica, ou seja, dentro dos limites ecológicos e sobre uma base equitativa. O PEM com enfoque na abordagem ecossistêmica constitui boa prática dos países europeus a ser considerada para a gestão integrada do espaço marinho brasileiro e possibilita a segurança jurídica necessária para o desenvolvimento de EMR.
A ESCOLHA DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO PELO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À SAÚDE: O DEVER DE FINANCIAR MEDICAMENTOS DE ALTO CUSTO
Authors: Leitão Andre Studart , Sousa Thiago Patrício de , Silva Alexandre Antonio Bruno da
Published: May 2018

A nova ordem brasileira inaugurada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 previu a saúde como um direito de todos e dever do Estado, em suas diversas manifestações institucionais (União, Estado, Municípios e Distrito Federal). Questiona-se se o dever estatal contempla a obrigação dos entes políticos de fornecer medicamentos de alto custo a todos os brasileiros que deles dependam como única alternativa para superar doenças. Para responder a essa pergunta, revisa-se a literatura, os diplomas atinentes à matéria, o modo como o Estado obtém receitas e o entendimento construído pelo STF. Em epítome: claramente se contrapõem duas linhas de argumentação. De um lado, resguardam-se o direito à vida, à dignidade humana e seus desdobramentos subjetivos. De outro, deve-se ponderar que todos os direitos, até mesmo aqueles que não têm preço, têm custo. Neste ensaio, defende-se que o aumento da despesa pública, por si só, não pode ser considerado um óbice para o Judiciário condenar o gestor administrativo a fornecer medicamentos de alto custo para um indivíduo, pois o Estado brasileiro assumiu o dever de cuidar da saúde dos brasileiros e residentes no Brasil, sem qualquer ressalva quanto ao aspecto financeiro.
O NEAH E A ATENÇÃO AO AUTOR DE VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA E FAMILIAR CONTRA A MULHER EM BELÉM
Authors: Souza Luanna Tomaz , Lopes Anna Beatriz Alves , Silva Andrey Ferreira
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo busca analisar a atenção dispensada ao autor de violência doméstica e familiar cometida contra a mulher em Belém, em especial à partir da experiência do NEAH (Núcleo Especializado de Atendimento ao Homem Autor de Violência Contra a Mulher) da Defensoria Pública do Estado. Este é o único Núcleo da Defensoria Pública voltado para autores de violência doméstica e representa uma importante experiência de política pública do Norte do país. Parte-se de um método dedutivo e feminista que analisa o arcabouço teórico e legal que delimita a atuação de serviços para agressores. Conclui-se que as políticas públicas desenvolvidas não atendem as diretrizes estabelecidas pela Lei Maria da Penha (Lei 11.340/2006) e por outros documentos nacionais como as Diretrizes gerais dos serviços de responsabilização e educação do agressor. Destaca-se que o sistema de justiça ainda está focado na punição, ignorando possibilidades mais amplas de enfrentamento do problema.
A JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA COMO ALTERNATIVA À EXPANSÃO PENAL E AO ENCARCERAMENTO EM MASSA
Authors: De Santana Selma Pereira , Santos Carlos Alberto Miranda
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a eficácia da justiça restaurativa como um novo paradigma de política pública em segurança pública capaz de humanizar as respostas estatais para condutas escolhidas como criminosas, diferentemente da retribuição punitiva, característica principal do sistema de justiça criminal atual. E é a partir da observação empírica no cenário atual, que se testará tal hipótese; no modelo adotado pelo sistema carcerário nos estados brasileiros, que evidenciam sua capacidade de gerar violência extrema, a exemplo das recentes rebeliões ocorridas em presídios estaduais como fruto da política criminal adotada pelo Estado e da escolha pelo paradigma punitivo-retributivo, do sistema penal como ferramenta de controle social condicionante e condicionado pela vida em uma sociedade com valores reflexivamente modificados com o tempo. Justifica-se uma análise teórica do paradigma restaurativo como uma alternativa apta a substituir a pena aflitiva tradicionalmente imposta, toma-se por base os movimentos que lançaram críticas ao sistema penal e as propostas alternativas à pena ao longo da história, até o surgimento do paradigma restaurativo; conclui-se que originalmente a justiça restaurativa, ao adotar um modelo de resposta ao crime diferente do tradicional de caráter punitivo-retributivo, apresenta-se como um novo modelo de resposta ao crime capaz de diminuir o espectro punitivo e o encarceramento massivo, ainda que não implique na total supressão do modelo retributivo atual, que poderá ser utilizado de maneira residual nos casos de maior gravidade.

Palavras-chave: Justiça restaurativa. Sistema penal. Crime. Cárcere. Punição.
CRIMES NA INTERNET E COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL EM MATÉRIA PENAL ENTRE BRASIL E ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Guidi Guilherme Berti de Campos , Rezek Francisco
Published: May 2018

A investigação de crimes cometidos na Internet, com o crescimento do número de ocorrências, tem gerado problemas em razão da descentralização da rede e da hospedagem de serviços digitais em outros países. O presente artigo procura trazer a lume a relevância dos acordos de cooperação judicial internacional (MLATs) para a investigação e persecução de crimes que tragam elementos internacionais em decorrência da utilização da Internet. Para tanto, analisamos os conceitos de soberania e jurisdição e sua relevância para a interação internacional judicial. Em seguida abordamos o MLAT vigente entre Brasil e Estados Unidos, considerando suas finalidades e fundamentos, suas peculiaridades, além das críticas feitas ao acordo. O trabalho não se pretendeu exaustivo no que toca teses atuais sobre a possibilidade de requisição direta de dados pelo Judiciário brasileiro, nem pretende o presente artigo trazer soluções pontuais para a reforma do acordo analisado, mas sim propor questionamentos e debates necessários para o aproveitamento do instituto no desenvolvimento de uma política criminal mais ampla. Como conclusão propomos o refinamento e expansão de tais acordos como medida de política criminal eficiente e justa no tratamento de violações ocorridas na Internet.
PENAS ALTERNATIVAS PARA PEQUENOS TRAFICANTES: OS ARGUMENTOS DO TJSP NA ENGRENAGEM DO SUPERENCARCERAMENTO
Authors: Machado Maira Rocha , De Barros Matheus , Landi Corrales Guaranha Olívia , Adib Passos Julia
Published: May 2018

Este texto apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre os argumentos mobilizados pelo Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo para decidir as penas aplicadas aos chamados “pequenos traficantes”. Ao focalizar os processos decisórios e suas motivações, essa pesquisa aposta no papel crucial que desempenha o poder judiciário para a produção de diagnósticos sobre o funcionamento do sistema de justiça criminal e, a partir deles, para a elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas a conter o superencarceramento. O método de coleta e análise de dados permitiu a identificação e organização dos argumentos mais frequentes em 266 acórdãos, bem como contribuiu a desvendar o modo como o Tribunal posicionou-se diante das mudanças jurisprudenciais e normativas da última década. Esses dados foram então discutidos à luz das chaves de análise propostas por Dan Kaminski, em especial no tocante às tensões entre as normatividades institucionais, organizacionais e profissionais nas práticas penais. Com base nesse método de trabalho foi possível observar de que modo o Tribunal reage aos precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal e expande seu arsenal argumentativo para negar a substituição das penas prisionais por restritivas de direitos. Destacaram-se, nesse ponto, as teias argumentativas relacionadas à percepção dos magistrados sobre o tráfico de drogas e sobre a insuficiência das penas alternativas.
Observing local CO2 sources using low-cost, near-surface urban monitors
Authors: Shusterman Alexis A. , Kim Jinsol , Lieschke Kaitlyn J. , Newman Catherine , Wooldridge Paul J. , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Urban carbon dioxide comprises the largest fraction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions but also the most challenging monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) task, as numerous emission sources reside in close proximity within each topographically intricate urban dome. In attempting to better understand each individual source’s contribution to the overall emission budget, there exists a large gap between activity-based emission inventories and observational constraints on integrated, regional emission estimates. Here we leverage urban CO2 observations from the BErkeley Atmospheric CO2 Observation Network (BEACO2N) to enhance, rather than average across or cancel out, our sensitivity to these hyperlocal emission sources. We utilize a method for isolating the local component of a CO2 signal that accentuates the observed intra-urban heterogeneity and thereby increases sensitivity to mobile emissions from specific highway segments. We demonstrate a multiple linear regression analysis technique that accounts for boundary layer and wind effects and allows for the detection of changes in traffic emissions on scale with anticipated changes in vehicle fuel economy–an unprecedented level of sensitivity for low-cost sensor technologies. The ability to represent trends of policy-relevant magnitudes with a low-cost sensor network has important implications for future applications of this approach, whether as a supplement to sparser existing reference networks or as a substitute in areas where fewer resources are available.
On the spectral depolarisation and lidar ratio of mineral dust
provided in the AERONET version 3 inversion product
Authors: Shin Sung-Kyun , Tesche Matthias , Kim Kwanchul , Kezoudi Maria , Tatarov Boyan , Müller Detlef , Noh Youngmin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Knowledge of the particle lidar ratio (Sλ) and the particle linear depolarisation ratio (δλ) for different aerosol types allows for aerosol typing and aerosol-type separation in lidar measurements. Reference values generally originate from dedicated lidar observations but might also be obtained from the inversion of AERONET sun/sky radiometer measurements. This study investigates the consistency of spectral Sλ and δλ provided in the recently released AERONET version 3 inversion product for observations of undiluted mineral dust in the vicinity of major deserts: Gobi, Sahara, Arabian, Great Basin and Great Victoria deserts. Pure dust conditions are identified by an Ångstöm exponent
A new model of meteoric calcium in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Authors: Plane John M. C. , Feng Wuhu , Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Gerding Michael , Raizada Shikha
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Meteoric ablation produces layers of metal atoms in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). It has been known for more than 30 years that the Ca atom layer is depleted by over 2 orders of magnitude compared with Na, despite these elements having essentially the same elemental abundance in chondritic meteorites. In contrast, the Ca+ ion abundance is depleted by less than a factor of 10. To explain these observations, a large data-base of neutral and ion-molecule reaction kinetics of Ca species, measured over the past decade, was incorporated into the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). A new meteoric input function for Ca and Na, derived using a chemical ablation model that has been tested experimentally with a Meteoric Ablation Simulator, shows that Ca experiences significant differential ablation, by almost 1 order of magnitude, with respect to Na. WACCM-Ca simulates the seasonal Ca layer satisfactorily when compared with lidar observations, but tends to overestimate Ca+ measurements made by rocket mass spectrometry and lidar. A key finding is that CaOH and CaCO3 are very stable reservoir species because they are involved in essentially closed reaction cycles with O2 and O. This has been demonstrated experimentally for CaOH, and in this study for CaCO3 using electronic structure and statistical rate theory. Most of the neutral Ca is therefore locked in these reservoirs, enabling rapid loss through polymerization into meteoric smoke particles and explaining the extreme depletion of Ca.
New and improved infrared absorption cross sections for trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
Authors: Harrison Jeremy J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), a widely used refrigerant throughout much of the twentieth century and a very potent (stratospheric) ozone depleting substance (ODS), is now banned under the Montreal Protocol. With a long atmospheric lifetime, it will only slowly degrade in the atmosphere, so monitoring its vertical concentration profile using infrared-sounding instruments, thereby validating stratospheric loss rates in atmospheric models, is of great importance; this in turn requires high quality laboratory spectroscopic data. This work describes new high-resolution infrared absorption cross sections of trichlorofluoromethane/dry synthetic air over the spectral range 710–1290 cm−1, determined from spectra recorded using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (Bruker IFS 125HR) and a 26-cm-pathlength cell. Spectra were recorded at resolutions between 0.01 and 0.03 cm−1 (calculated as 0.9/MOPD; MOPD = maximum optical path difference) over a range of temperatures and pressures (7.5–760 Torr and 192–293 K) appropriate for atmospheric conditions. This new cross-section dataset improves upon the one currently available in the HITRAN and GEISA databases.
Using a Workflow to Reduce Database Costs without Affecting Collection Needs
Authors: Sheldon Karen
Published: May 2018

A small university with limited staff and resources created a workflow to help streamline decision making during renewal of subject databases. A literature review of common assessment methods found cost per use, content overlap analysis, and relevance to the curriculum to be the most common metrics. However, each individually provided an incomplete portrait of usage. A flowchart documented the decision process and incorporated multiple metrics. Implementing this workflow reduced the library’s materials budget by 3% for the following fiscal year. This process may be implemented at other libraries to lower overall budget spending, while still providing content aligned with the local curriculum.
Marketing a Library Science Program: Personalization with Purpose
Authors: Perkins Roseanne , Jefferson William , Umberger Jennifer
Published: May 2018

After a complete overhaul of the library science and instructional technology curriculum, faculty members worked with the university’s marketing team to develop a campaign to attract undergraduate students to the library science program. The “Some Librarians…” campaign was designed to showcase the diverse interests and personal stories of current students and recent graduates of the program. Advertisements for the program were targeted to individuals on Facebook during two six-week campaigns using information gathered from student focus groups comprised of students and faculty. Both campaigns exceeded industry benchmarks in terms of click through rates, indicating success both in terms of content and placement of the advertisements.
Collaboration at the Center: Librarian, Faculty, and Students Partner to Revive Their Curriculum Lab
Authors: Correll Melissa , Bornstein Jodi
Published: May 2018

This article describes the ongoing impact of a class project on the library’s work to improve its curriculum materials center (CMC) and the students’ reflection on the impact of project-based learning (PBL) on their work as preservice teachers. Arcadia University’s Landman Library houses a Curriculum Lab, which provides materials and space to support the School of Education. Use of the space and collection was low, and many materials were outdated. An education professor and the liaison librarian partnered with students enrolled in the Designing Learning Environments course (ED411) to develop a plan to improve the Curriculum Lab. This real-world redesign project created an opportunity for students to apply and transfer theories they were learning about in their readings to an actual educational project. The students wrote a mission statement, drew up a blueprint, and gathered ideas for their vision of the Curriculum Lab. Students then presented their work to university administrators. Though the class has since ended, students still contribute to the project through a volunteer advisory group.
PaLRaP Welcomes New Co-Editor
Authors: Gordon Larissa , Reinsfelder Tom
Published: May 2018

Larissa Gordon joins Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice (PaLRaP) as co-editor.
Table of Contents
Authors: Reinsfelder Tom
Published: May 2018

Table of Contents - Spring 2018
Sociología e Historia: un diálogo en el cambio de siglo
Authors: Latorre Marta , Romero Héctor
Published: May 2018

En este artículo revisaremos la relación entre la sociología y la historia hasta la consolidación del subcampo de la sociología histórica durante la década de los setenta del pasado siglo. Veremos qué temas y problemas teóricos y metodológicos ha enfrentado desde entonces y en qué contexto fueron planteados. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la vigencia de la agenda clásica de la sociología histórica (la formación histórica de los Estados nacionales, los procesos de modernización y desarrollo capitalista o las revoluciones sociales) en el actual contexto social y político, para concluir sobre cómo, paradójicamente, ante un idea de modernidad cuestionada, la mirada de la sociología histórica puede volver a girarse hacia modelos de la sociología clásica.
New records of Haematomma and Ophioparma from China
Authors: Tang Rong , Yan Shu-Kun , Sun Mei-Jie , Zhang Lu-Lu
Published: May 2018

Haematomma caperaticum and Ophioparma rubricosa are newly reported from China, and H. africanum and H. wattii are reported for the first time from mainland China.
Chinese black truffles: Tuber yigongense sp. nov., taxonomic reassessment of T. indicum s.l., and re-examination of the T. sinense isotype
Authors: Fana Li , Zhang Jun-Li , Li Ting , Sun Hui-Juan , Xiong Wei-Ping , Li Yu
Published: May 2018

A new species, Tuber yigongense, is described. ITS sequences derived from Chinese black truffles grouped into three clusters, each recognised as a different species: T. sinense, T. formosanum, and T. yigongense. Tuber sinense and T. formosanum
cannot be separated morphologically, but T. yigongense differs from them by its yellow brown ascospores. Based on ITS sequence analysis, numerous Chinese specimens previously identified as T. indicum and T. himalayense are redetermined as either T. sinense or
T. formosanum; although the phylogenetic results suggest that the two Indian species do not occur in China, the true taxonomic affinities cannot be fully resolved because of the lack of Indian sequences of T. indicum and T. himalayense.