bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra High Frequency Sigmoid and Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Networks for Data Pattern Recognition
Authors: Zhang Ming
Published: May 2016

This chapter develops a new nonlinear model, Ultra high frequency siGmoid and Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Networks (UGT-HONN), for data pattern recognition. UGT-HONN includes Ultra high frequency siGmoid and Sine function Higher Order Neural Networks (UGS-HONN) and Ultra high frequency siGmoid and Cosine functions Higher Order Neural Networks (UGC-HONN). UGS-HONN and UGC-HONN models are used to recognition data patterns. Results show that UGS-HONN and UGC-HONN models are better than other Polynomial Higher Order Neural Network (PHONN) and Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Network (THONN) models, since UGS-HONN and UGC-HONN models to recognize data pattern with error approaching 0.0000%.
Integration of Higher-Order Time-Frequency Statistics and Neural Networks
Authors: Palomares-Salas José Carlos , González de la Rosa Juan José , Sierra-Fernández José María , Agüera-Pérez Agustín , Jiménez-Montero Álvaro , Piotrkowski Rosa
Published: May 2016

Higher-order statistics demonstrate their innovative features to characterize power quality events, beyond the traditional and limited Gaussian perspective, integrating time-frequency features and within the frame of a Higher-Order Neural Network (HONN). With the massive advent of smart measurement equipment in the electrical grid (Smart Grid), and in the frame of high penetration scenarios of renewable energy resources, the necessity dynamic power quality monitoring is gaining even more importance in order to identify the suspicious sources of the perturbation, which are nonlinear and unpredictable in nature. This eventually would satisfy the demand of intelligent instruments, capable not only of detecting the type of perturbation, but also the source of its origin in a scenario of distributed energy resources.
Utilizing Feature Selection on Higher Order Neural Networks
Authors: Zhao Zongyuan , Xu Shuxiang , Kang Byeong Ho , Kabir Mir Md Jahangir , Liu Yunling , Wasinger Rainer
Published: May 2016

Artificial Neural Network has shown its impressive ability on many real world problems such as pattern recognition, classification and function approximation. An extension of ANN, higher order neural network (HONN), improves ANN's computational and learning capabilities. However, the large number of higher order attributes leads to long learning time and complex network structure. Some irrelevant higher order attributes can also hinder the performance of HONN. In this chapter, feature selection algorithms will be used to simplify HONN architecture. Comparisons of fully connected HONN with feature selected HONN demonstrate that proper feature selection can be effective on decreasing number of inputs, reducing computational time, and improving prediction accuracy of HONN.
Seasonal changes of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors and aromatase expression in the medial preoptic area of the wild male ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt)
Authors: Zhang F. , Wang J. , Jiao Y. , Zhang L. , Zhang H. , Sheng X. , Han Y. , Yuan Z. , Weng Q.
Published: May 2016

The wild ground squirrel is a typical seasonal breeder. In this study, using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, we investigated the mRNA and protein expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors Î± and Î² (ERÎ± and ERÎ²) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of hypothalamus of the wild male ground squirrel during the breeding season (April), the non-breeding season (June) and pre-hibernation (September). AR, ERÎ±, ERÎ² and P450arom protein/mRNA were present in the MPOA of all seasons detected. The immunostaining of AR and ERÎ± showed no significant changes in different periods, whereas ERÎ² and P450arom had higher immunoreactivities during the breeding season and pre-hibernation when compared to those of the non-breeding season. Consistently, both the protein and mRNA levels of P450arom and ERÎ² were higher in the MPOA of pre-hibernation and the breeding season than in the non-breeding season, whereas no significant difference amongst the three periods was observed for AR and ERÎ± levels. These findings suggested that the MPOA of hypothalamus may be a direct target of androgen and estrogen. Androgen may play important regulatory roles through its receptor and/or the aromatized estrogen in the MPOA of hypothalamus of the wild male ground squirrels.
Use of Cognitive Simulation During Anesthesiology Resident Applicant Interviews to Assess Higher-Order Thinking
Authors: Kulig Alan W. , Blanchard Rebecca D.
Published: May 2016

It is difficult to assess applicants' higher-order cognitive thinking skills during conventional resident interviews. Application metrics currently employed are useful indicators of academic and personal success in targeted areas, yet value of this information in predicting future clinical performance is limited.Background

 We developed an assessment tool to evaluate higher-order cognitive function in real time during anesthesiology resident applicant interviews.Objective

 During the 2014–2015 residency interview season, we integrated simulation training into applicant interviews to evaluate higher-order cognitive skills. Our 5-minute simulation emphasized the Team STEPPS 2-Challenge Rule and explored candidates' critical thinking, analytical decision making, and response to stress. Participating applicants were evaluated using an outcomes-based checklist targeting desired responses. We also sent applicants a post-National Resident Matching Program survey to assess their perceptions of the simulation's value and educational utility.Methods

 A total of 90 applicants (75% of all applicants) participated in the simulation, which taught residents about important patient safety concepts and provided the program with real time information about their critical thinking ability. All applicants were confident or very confident that they would both speak up and know what to say if they encountered a patient safety breach as a result of participating in this exercise. Simulation performance affected desirability status for 35% of participating applicants, where 23% of applicants ranked higher, and 12% ranked lower compared to baseline application status.Results

 Cognitive simulation training was useful in assessing resident applicant higher-order thinking skills and in helping stratify candidates in conjunction with standard application metrics.Conclusions
Is it desirable, necessary and possible to perform research using case studies?
Authors:   Instituto de Economía Aplicada a la Empresa (IEAE). Facultad CC. Económicas y Empresariales, Avda. Lehendakari Agirre 83, 48015 Bilbao (España). oskar.villarreal@ehu.eus, Villarreal Larrinaga Oskar
Published: May 2016

Articles on the research methodology to be used in Business Economics generally address the key aspects involved in designing the research, such as procedure, techniques of evidence gathering and analysis and associated tests of rigor and quality. However, researchers involved in some of the more “uncommon” scientific research methodologies (albeit necessary in social science) such as case studies have some rather more existential questions (Why and for what purpose should one use case studies in research?). They need answers to these questions if they are to overcome the technical problems of the research process and, above all, the prejudice against such methodologies encountered amongst the scientific community. As well as addressing the key aspects of research design, this paper sets out to discuss the raison d’être of case study as a scientific research methodology. In doing so, it will use three principal questions in order to approach the discussion from a different perspective. These three questions are: is it desirable, is it necessary and is it possible to perform research using case studies? In answering these questions, it is hoped to provide robust arguments that will justify the use of this methodology, as well as substantial elements for building appropriate and rigorous designs for scientifically-based and focused case study research.
Employees’ Motivation to Invest in their Sustainable Employment A Case Study of an Industrial Service Provider
Authors: Leppink Hans , Stoffers Jol , Kleefstra Anne , Dormalen Anita Van
Published: May 2016

Demographic changes, such as the ageing of society and the decline of the birth rate, are gradually leading to the loss of valuable knowledge and experience in the Dutch Labour market. This necessitates an explicit focus on workers' sustainable employment so that they can add value to the organisation throughout their career. This study looks into the way in which the workers' motivation might affect their investments into their own sustainable employment. It was conducted in a major industrial service provider, Sitech Services. The conclusion is that intrinsic motivation plays an important role in both younger and older employees, and that the younger workers undertake more action in order to give physical form to their sustainable employment than their older colleagues.
Propuesta de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo para centrales de aire acondicionado
Authors: Pérez Dávila Wuilkid , Tórrez Robleto Celemis , Camacho Martínez Rubén , Van de Velde Wilfredo
Published: May 2016

Comprende los trabajos realizados en los equipos centrales de aire acondicionado en el centro hospitalario San Juan de Dios en la ciudad de Estelí, tales como los diagnósticos del estado de los equipos y su rutina de mantenimientos, las mediciones con respecto a las horas trabajadas por cada máquina y por el técnico especializado en su atención y los costos y beneficios que corresponderían a un cambio en la filosofía de mantenimiento al pasar del tipo correctivo al clasificado como preventivo. Todos estos estudios definieron las bases necesarias para una propuesta de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo que garantizara la vida útil de los aires centrales y que permitiera un control definido del funcionamiento de estos así como los análisis en cuanto a la calidad del servicio percibido por la población.
Palabras inaugurales en Primer Foro Multidisciplinario de Innovación y Emprendimiento
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Máximo Andrés
Published: May 2016

El día de hoy 19 de Agosto del 2015 estamos celebrando el I FORO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO DE INNOVACION Y EMPRENDIMIENTO en el marco del XIX Congreso Científico de la UNAN-Managua, Maestro Elmer Cisneros In Memorian, y estamos celebrando este Foro sobre un tema crucial para nuestro país, como es el tema de Innovación y Emprendimiento, por ello el lema de este evento es: Innovar y Emprender aquí y ahora.
Een ambtelijk statuut is noodzakelijk voor het morele gezag van de overheid
Authors: van den Brink Gabriël , Jansen Thijs
Published: May 2016

A civil service charter is necessary for the moral authority of the government

This contribution describes civil service professionalism from a functionalist perspective: the most important function of civil service professionalism is creating, developing and maintaining the authority of governments. Contrary to common opinion, moral authority in our day appears to be of prime importance. Citizens appreciate moral authority, but this important source of authority is often underused by political-administrative officials (especially by them). By making better use of moral authority, civil servants – policy officials and executive officials – could play a much bigger role. In order to achieve this, their professionalism must be improved by creating a broad civil service charter from which (to a certain extent) they can derive a right for civil service professionalism. In the context of the present political debate in the Netherlands on the normalization of the legal status of civil servants, there is an opportunity now to make real progress in this matter. It would be a good thing if civil servants would make themselves heard in this debate. Looking after the moral dimension of the work of civil servants and the accountability in this respect is not only a matter for the Dutch cabinet and those preparing the civil service charter, but also for the civil servants in different parts of the Dutch civil service themselves.
Het Schrems/Facebook-arrest en de gevolgen voor internationale doorgifte
Authors: van Daalen O.L.
Published: May 2016

Het Schrems/Facebook-arrest en de gevolgen voor internationale doorgifte

De overdracht van persoonsgegevens naar de Verenigde Staten vond tot voor kort plaats op basis van de zogenoemde Safe Harbour-beschikking. Het Hof heeft die beschikking een paar maanden geleden ongeldig verklaard. Dit is een uitspraak met serieuze gevolgen voor de doorgifte van persoonsgegevens buiten Europa en voor privacybescherming in het algemeen. Wat is de redenering van het Hof van Justitie en wat zijn de gevolgen?

HvJ 6 oktober 2015, zaak C-362/14, Facebook/Schrems, ECLI:EU:C:2015:650
De uitbreidende betekenis van het collectief ontslag
Authors: Doomen J.
Published: May 2016

De uitbreidende betekenis van het collectief ontslag

De bescherming van werknemers bij collectief ontslag is sterk toegenomen. Richtlijn 98/59/EG is de opvolger van Richtlijnen 75/129/EEG en 92/56/EEG. De groep werknemers die wordt meegeteld om te kunnen spreken van een collectief ontslag is uitgebreid (door voor de berekening van het aantal ontslagen niet alleen de ontslagen in strikte zin mee te tellen) en de verplichtingen met betrekking tot de informatieverstrekking naar werknemersvertegenwoordigingen zijn toegenomen. In de onderhavige zaak (HvJ 11 november 2015, zaak C-422/14) wordt de kwestie welke werknemers in de procedure moeten worden meegeteld nader gespecificeerd. Het Hof van Justitie draagt met deze uitspraak bij aan de ontwikkeling dat de regeling van het collectief ontslag op een steeds groter aantal werknemers betrekking heeft.

HvJ 11 november 2015, zaak C-422/14, Pujante Rivera, ECLI:EU:C:2015:743
The Knowledge-As-Perception Account of Knowledge
Authors: Senor Thomas D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2016

William Alston once argued that justification is not necessary for knowledge. He was convinced of this because he thought that, in cases of clear perception, one could come to know that P even if one’s justification for believing P was defeated. The idea is that the epistemic strength of clear perception is sufficient to provide knowledge even where justification is lacking; perceiving (and believing) that P is sufficient for knowing that P. In this paper, I explore a claim about knowledge that is the opposite side of the coin from Alston’s position: clear perception (with belief) that P is necessary for knowledge. Taking my cue from John Locke, I examine the plausibility of a theory of knowledge that distinguishes justified true unGettiered belief that P from knowing that P. Although I don’t fully advocate this position, I argue that it has significant plausibility, and that the initially troubling consequences of the account are not as problematic as one might have suspected.
Media Clips: Global Population Explosion; U.S. Population Growth
Authors: Cha Yee-Min , Brown Scott A.
Published: May 2016

Students analyze items from the media to answer mathematical questions related to the article. Linear and exponential models for population growth are explored, and dimensional analysis is used.
Getting into Gear
Authors: Cobbs Georgia A. , Cranor-Buck Edith
Published: May 2016

A team teaching activity allowed students to answer these driving questions, “How far did your car climb?” and “What gear ratio did you use?”
Math for Real: Let's Take Metrorail
Authors: Miller Misha
Published: May 2016

Taking rides on the subway system in Washington, D.C., provides the real-world scenario for this ratio and area activity.
Mapping quantal touch using 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging and single-unit intraneural microstimulation
Authors: Sanchez Panchuelo Rosa Maria , Ackerley Rochelle , Glover Paul M , Bowtell Richard W , Wessberg Johan , Francis Susan T , McGlone Francis
Published: May 2016

Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we map the cortical and perceptual responses elicited by intraneural microstimulation (INMS) of single mechanoreceptive afferent units in the median nerve, in humans. Activations are compared to those produced by applying vibrotactile stimulation to the unit’s receptive field, and unit-type perceptual reports are analyzed. We show that INMS and vibrotactile stimulation engage overlapping areas within the topographically appropriate digit representation in the primary somatosensory cortex. Additional brain regions in bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula and posterior parietal cortex, as well as in contralateral prefrontal cortex are also shown to be activated in response to INMS. The combination of INMS and 7T fMRI opens up an unprecedented opportunity to bridge the gap between first-order mechanoreceptive afferent input codes and their spatial, dynamic and perceptual representations in human cortex.
Hawkmoths evaluate scenting flowers with the tip of their proboscis
Authors: Haverkamp Alexander , Yon Felipe , Keesey Ian W , Mißbach Christine , Koenig Christopher , Hansson Bill S , Baldwin Ian T , Knaden Markus , Kessler Danny
Published: May 2016

Pollination by insects is essential to many ecosystems. Previously, we have shown that floral scent is important to mediate pollen transfer between plants (Kessler et al., 2015). Yet, the mechanisms by which pollinators evaluate volatiles of single flowers remained unclear. Here, Nicotiana attenuata plants, in which floral volatiles have been genetically silenced and its hawkmoth pollinator, Manduca sexta, were used in semi-natural tent and wind-tunnel assays to explore the function of floral scent. We found that floral scent functions to increase the fitness of individual flowers not only by increasing detectability but also by enhancing the pollinator's foraging efforts. Combining proboscis choice tests with neurophysiological, anatomical and molecular analyses we show that this effect is governed by newly discovered olfactory neurons on the tip of the moth's proboscis. With the tip of their tongue, pollinators assess the advertisement of individual flowers, an ability essential for maintaining this important ecosystem service.
A novel multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis typing scheme for African phylotype III strains of theRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex
Authors: Ravelomanantsoa Santatra , Robène Isabelle , Chiroleu Frédéric , Guérin Fabien , Poussier Stéphane , Pruvost Olivier , Prior Philippe
Published: May 2016

Background.Reliable genotyping that provides an accurate description of diversity in the context of pathogen emergence is required for the establishment of strategies to improve disease management. MultiLocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a valuable genotyping method. It can be performed at small evolutionary scales where high discriminatory power is needed. Strains of theRalstonia solanacearumspecies complex (RSSC) are highly genetically diverse. These destructive pathogens are the causative agent of bacterial wilt on an unusually broad range of host plants worldwide. In this study, we developed an MLVA scheme for genotyping the African RSSC phylotype III.

Methods.We selected different publicly available tandem repeat (TR) loci and additional TR loci from the genome of strain CMR15 as markers. Based on these loci, a new phylotype III-MLVA scheme is presented. MLVA and multiLocus sequence typing (MLST) were compared at the global, regional, and local scales. Different populations of epidemiologically related and unrelated RSSC phylotype III strains were used.

Results and Discussion.Sixteen polymorphic TR loci, which included seven microsatellites and nine minisatellites, were selected. These TR loci were distributed throughout the genome (chromosome and megaplasmid) and located in both coding and intergenic regions. The newly developed RS3-MLVA16 scheme was more discriminative than MLST. RS3-MLVA16 showed good ability in differentiating strains at global, regional, and local scales, and it especially highlighted epidemiological links between closely related strains at the local scale. RS3-MLVA16 also underlines genetic variability within the same MLST-type and clonal complex, and gives a first overview of population structure. Overall, RS3-MLVA16 is a promising genotyping method for outbreak investigation at a fine scale, and it could be used for outbreak investigation as a first-line, low-cost assay for the routine screening of RSSC phylotype III.
Paraoxonase 1‐treated oxLDL promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages by stimulating the PPARγ–LXRα–ABCA1 pathway
Authors: Ikhlef Souade , Berrougui Hicham , Kamtchueng Simo Olivier , Khalil Abdelouahed
Published: May 2016

Here, we investigate the mechanism through which paraoxonase 1 (PON1) may regulate cholesterol efflux. Pretreatment of oxLDL with PON1 (oxLDL–PON1) contributed to the formation of LysoPC. In J774 macrophages, oxLDL–PON1 increased cholesterol efflux by more than 47% compared to oxLDL alone. oxLDL–PON1 significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, as well as of PPARγ and LXRα compared to oxLDL alone. Intraperitoneal injection of oxLDL–PON1‐ or LysoPC‐treated J774 macrophages significantly increased the fecal elimination of macrophage‐derived cholesterol in these mice. Our results suggest that PON1 stimulates cholesterol efflux via a mechanism that involves oxidized phospholipid hydrolysis.
TGF‐β3‐induced miR‐494 inhibits macrophage polarization via suppressing PGE2 secretion in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhao Guangfeng , Miao Huishuang , Li Xiujun , Chen Shiwen , Hu Yali , Wang Zhiqun , Hou Yayi
Published: May 2016

Abnormal macrophage polarization at the maternal–fetal interface may contribute to the development of Preeclampsia (PE). The reason why macrophage polarization changed in PE is still unclear. Decidual mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) could regulate macrophage polarization. However, miRNA in dMSCs of PE were maladjusted. Therefore, we speculated that miRNA may affect dMSC‐regulated macrophage polarization. In this study, we found that miR‐494‐overexpressed dMSCs inhibit M2 macrophage polarization and this inhibitory effect is mediated by miR‐494‐reduced PGE2 secretion. Furthermore, we proved that miR‐494 is induced by TGF‐β3. In summary, our findings suggest that the high expression of TGF‐β3 in PE decidua stimulates miR‐494 in dMSCs and attenuates the regulation of MSC switching the macrophage toward M2 type, contributing to an immune imbalance at maternal–fetal interface.
Vertical variations of coral reef drag forces
Authors: Asher Shai , Niewerth Stephan , Koll Katinka , Shavit Uri
Published: May 2016

Modeling flow in a coral reef requires a closure model that links the local drag force to the local mean velocity. However, the spatial flow variations make it difficult to predict the distribution of the local drag. Here we report on vertical profiles of measured drag and velocity in a laboratory reef that was made of 81Pocillopora Meandrinacolony skeletons, densely arranged along a tilted flume. Two corals were CT‐scanned, sliced horizontally, and printed using a 3‐D printer. Drag was measured as a function of height above the bottom by connecting the slices to drag sensors. Profiles of velocity were measured in‐between the coral branches and above the reef. Measured drag of whole colonies shows an excellent agreement with previous field and laboratory studies; however, these studies never showed how drag varies vertically. The vertical distribution of drag is reported as a function of flow rate and water level. When the water level is the same as the reef height, Reynolds stresses are negligible and the drag force per unit fluid mass is nearly constant. However, when the water depth is larger, Reynolds stress gradients become significant and drag increases with height. An excellent agreement was found between the drag calculated by a momentum budget and the measured drag of the individual printed slices. Finally, we propose a modified formulation of the drag coefficient that includes the normal dispersive stress term and results in reduced variations of the drag coefficient at the cost of introducing an additional coefficient.
Slab pileup in the mantle transition zone and the 30 May 2015 Chichi‐jima earthquake
Authors: Porritt Robert W. , Yoshioka Shoichi
Published: May 2016

The 30 May 2015 Chichi‐jima M8 earthquake is one of the largest deep focus earthquakes ever recorded and its depth of 682 km puts it near the base of the mantle transition zone. Before source mechanisms and slip models of this earthquake can be reliably assessed, a better understanding of the tectonic setting and structures of the region near the origin is required. Here we present evidence from receiver functions, a method of isolating subsurface material contrast with converted seismic waves, that the earthquake initiated within the upper mantle transition zone, above a significantly depressed 660 km phase boundary. Additionally, we observe multiple conversions within and below the transition zone, which we associate with seismic waves passing into and out of segments of the subducting Pacific plate. From this, we infer slab material is piling up at the base of the transition zone and segments are penetrating into the lower mantle.
Potential trends in snowmelt‐generated peak streamflows in a warming climate
Authors: Wang Rui , Kumar Mukesh , Link Timothy E.
Published: May 2016

Previously reported impacts of climate warming on streamflow peaks are varied, and the controls on the variations remain unclear. Using physically based linked snowpack and watershed hydrological models, we evaluated the potential changes in seasonal snowmelt‐generated streamflow peak (Qmax) due to warming in a small semiarid mountain watershed. Results suggest that the trend in Qmax with warming is strongly governed by the conversion of precipitation phase, accumulated snow amount prior to the melt season, and snowmelt rate during the ablation period. Under a warming climate, the trend in Qmax is expected to be decreasing for relatively warm regions but increasing for cold regions. Climate regimes that are most susceptible to dominant precipitation phase transitions from snow to rain are likely to experience larger decreases in Qmax with warming. This study serves as a first step toward assessing the varied impacts on Qmax due to warming vis‐a‐vis the specific catchment hydroclimatology.
Prioritizing the Local in an Era of Globalization: A Proposal for Decentering Community Psychology
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa
Published: May 2016

In this article, I outline a proposal for decentering the field of United States‐based community psychology. Transnational migrations, border crossings, and proliferating neoliberal trade and global media characterize the contemporary moment we live in. These movements challenge any monolithic disciplinary narrative of community psychology. Drawing from liberation psychology and women of Color feminisms, I argue that decentering the field involves engendering more reciprocal, nonhierarchical relations between the core and peripheries of knowledge production. Specifically, I consider the decentering project in two related realms—content and agents of knowledge production. The first issue concerns the kind of research and theorizing we engage in, the issues or topics we investigate, and the subject populations we work with. The second issue pertains to the agents who engage in the aforementioned processes, exercising epistemic power, that is the authority to construct what is considered legitimate and valid knowledge. I conclude with the implications of the decentering project for a multistranded community psychology that is responsive to the cartographies of contemporary struggles.
Effect of nano‐titanium nitride on thermal insulating and flame‐retardant performances of phenolic foam
Authors: Li Qiulong , Chen Lin , Li Xiaohai , Zhang Jinjin , Zheng Kang , Zhang Xian , Tian Xingyou
Published: May 2016

In this work, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were employed to achieve enhanced thermal insulation and flame retardance of phenolic foam (PF)/TiN nanocomposites (PFTNs) viain situpolymerization. The morphologies of PFTNs were observed by scanning electron microscope and the images showed that the PFTNs have more uniform cell morphologies compared with pure PF. Thermal insulating properties of PFTNs were evaluated by thermal conductivity tests. The introduction of TiN obviously decreased the thermal conductivities of PF over a wide temperature range (−20 to 60 °C). Significantly, the thermal conductivity of PFTNs gradually decreased as the temperature increased from 30 to 60 °C, showing a contrary tendency with that of pure PF. Moreover, the thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties of PFTNs were estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL‐94 vertical burning and limited oxygen index (LOI) tests, respectively. The TGA and LOI results indicated that PFTNs possess enhanced thermal stabilities and fire‐retardant performances with respect to the virgin PF. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43765.
Influence of the notch‐sharpening technique on styrene–acrylonitrile fracture behavior
Authors: Martínez A. B. , Salazar A. , León N. , Illescas S. , Rodríguez J.
Published: May 2016

The Centre Català del Plàstic and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos laboratories joined forces to investigate the effect of the notch‐sharpening technique on the fracture parameters of styrene–acrylonitrile. Contact notch‐sharpening techniques, such as razor tapping, razor sliding, and razor broaching, and a noncontact procedure, femtolaser, were analyzed. The fracture values of the samples with notches sharpened via contact techniques were divided into two groups: one with pop‐in and the other with no pop‐in in the load–displacement records; this resulted in the lowest and highest fracture toughnesses, respectively. The fracture parameters of the specimens with notches sharpened via a femtolaser were between those of the samples with notches sharpened via contact procedures in which pop‐in occurred and those in which it did not. To explain these results, the crack front of the nontested specimens after sharpening was investigated in depth, we identified the type of damage and measured its size and the crack tip radii. The morphology of the crack front was related to the fractographic study. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43775.
N‐Boc‐Indolylbenzothiadiazole Derivatives: Efficient Full‐Color Solid‐State Fluorescence and Self‐Recovering Mechanochromic Luminescence
Authors: Ito Suguru , Yamada Takeshi , Taguchi Tomohiro , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Asami Masatoshi
Published: May 2016

Herein, the solid‐state emission with good fluorescence quantum yields of N‐Boc‐indolylbenzothiadiazoles as a new class of fluorophores is described. Their solid‐state emission covers the wide range of the visible spectrum and the emission color can be tuned easily by changing the substituents on the two heteroaromatic rings. Among these, 3‐methylindolyl derivatives exhibit moreover autonomously self‐recovering mechanochromic luminescence, whereby the original solid‐state emission could be recovered spontaneously at room temperature after exposure to a mechanical stimulus. The emission color, as well as the recovery time for the color change could be tuned via the introduction of different substituents on the benzothiadiazole ring. We propose that the mechanism of the autonomously self‐recovering mechanochromic luminescence of 3‐methylindolylbenzothiadiazoles is based on a partial amorphization of the crystals upon exposure to the mechanical stimulus, followed by autonomous recovering in the form of recrystallization.
Experimental Implementation of New Sliding Mode Control Law applied To a DC–DC Boost Converter
Authors: Massaoudi Yosra , Dorsaf Elleuch , Gaubert Jean‐Paul , Mehdi Driss , Damak Tarak
Published: May 2016

The real implementation of sliding mode controllers (SMCs) to a DC–DC boost converter is a challenge due to the nonminimum phase behavior of these kinds of converters and the SMCs chattering problem. In this paper, new integral sliding mode control laws with linear and proposed nonlinear sliding surfaces are developed to overcome these problems. An experimental comparative study between these SMCs and the classical SMC applied for a DC–DC boost converter is presented.
Sugarcane: a way out of energy poverty
Authors: Leite João G.D.B. , Leal Manoel R.L.V. , Nogueira Luiz A.H. , Cortez Luís A.B. , Dale Bruce E. , da Maia Rui C. , Adjorlolo Clement
Published: May 2016

Universal access to modern energy is required if the world is to reduce poverty and enable sustainable development. Energy poverty is the lack of access to safe and efficient energy carriers. It affects more than 1.3 billion people without electricity and 2.7 billion without appropriate cooking facilities and fuels, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Under these conditions, people rely on traditional biomass to fulfil basic needs. Traditional biomass use causes death and disease associated with indoor air pollution, high labor demands to obtain biomass, and environmental damage due to deforestation. This paper analyzes the potential for modern energy production based on sugarcane in SSA. A standard, business‐as‐usual (BAU), sugar‐based project is explored vis‐à‐vis more aggressive scenarios for producing modern energy, including electricity, ethanol, and solid fuel pellets. All scenarios considered are based on a single sugarcane mill processing one million tonnes of cane per year, grown in an area of 15 000 hectares. Our simulations show that over 210 000 households could be served with electricity and other 31 000 with modern cooking fuels under the scenarios examined. Less dependence on traditional biomass may also spare wooded environments from deforestation. However, harnessing modern energy from sugarcane does not come without challenges. Economic pitfalls (e.g. investment costs and affordability) coupled with poor political environments are among the main obstacles. Nevertheless, encouraging local and regional trends proved bioenergy a feasible way out of energy poverty and an alternative to sustainable development. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A circular economy: combined food and power projects
Authors: Jagger Anna
Published: May 2016

Biofuels initiatives that focus on the production of both energy and food are attracting attention as a sustainable route to cutting our reliance on fossil fuels. Anna Jagger highlights two bioenergy and food projects that are being planned in Wales by Orthios Eco Parks, which has developed a cyclical process that combines electricity production from biomass with aquaculture and hydroponics. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Autonomic and peripheral nervous system function in acute tick‐borne encephalitis
Authors: Neumann Bernhard , Schulte‐Mattler Wilhelm , Brix Sophie , Pöschl Peter , Jilg Wolfgang , Bogdahn Ulrich , Steinbrecher Andreas , Kleiter Ingo
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging flaviviral zoonosis in Central and Eastern Europe. TBE can present as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or meningoencephalomyelitis. Dysfunction of the autonomic (ANS) and peripheral motoric and sensory nervous system (PNS) might contribute to acute and long‐term complications. We aimed to examine, whether the ANS and PNS are affected in acute TBE.

Methods

Fourteen patients with acute TBE, 17 with diabetic polyneuropathy (d‐PNP), and 30 healthy controls (HC) were examined in our single‐center, prospective study. ANS and PNS function was assessed by time‐ and frequency‐domain parameters of the heart rate (HR) variability at rest and deep respiration, and by sural and tibial nerve neurography. Primary endpoint was the HR variability at rest measured by root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD). Autonomic symptoms and quality of life (QoL) were assessed by questionnaires.

Results

Tick‐borne encephalitis patients had a lower RMSSD at rest (TBE 13.1 ± 7.0, HC 72.7 ± 48.3; P < 0.001) and deep respiration (TBE 42.8 ± 27.0, HC 109.7 ± 68.8; P < 0.01), an increased low‐frequency to high‐frequency power component ratio at rest (TBE 4.0 ± 4.0, HC 0.8 ± 0.5; P < 0.001), and a higher minimal heart rate at rest (TBE 85.4 ± 7.0, HC 69.5 ± 8.5; P < 0.001), all similar to patients with d‐PNP, indicating sympathovagal imbalance with increased sympathetic activation. Compared to HC, sural and tibial nerve conduction velocities and action potential amplitudes were reduced, ANS symptoms were more frequent, and QoL was lower in patients with TBE.

Conclusions

The ANS and to a lesser degree the PNS are affected by acute TBE, which could potentially contribute to short‐ and long‐term morbidity.
The Athena trials: Autologous adipose‐derived regenerative cells for refractory chronic myocardial ischemia with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Henry Timothy D. , Pepine Carl J. , Lambert Charles R. , Traverse Jay H. , Schatz Richard , Costa Marco , Povsic Thomas J. , David Anderson R. , Willerson James T. , Kesten Steven , Perin Emerson C.
Published: May 2016

Objective

To assess safety and feasibility of autologous adipose‐derived regenerative cells (ADRCs), for treatment of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy patients.

Background

Preclinical and early clinical trials suggest ADRCs have excellent potential for ischemic conditions.

Methods

The Athena program consisted of two parallel, prospective, randomized (2:1, active: placebo), double‐blind trials assessing intramyocardial (IM) ADRC delivery [40‐million, n = 28 (ATHENA) and 80‐million (ATHENA II) cells, n = 3]). Patients with an EF ≥20% but ≤45%, multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) not amenable to revascularization, inducible ischemia, and symptoms of either angina (CCS II–IV) or heart failure (NYHA Class II–III) on maximal medical therapy were enrolled. All patients underwent fat harvest procedure (≤450 mL adipose), on‐site cell processing (Celution® System, Cytori Therapeutics), electromechanical mapping, and IM delivery of ADRCs or placebo.

Results

Enrollment was terminated prematurely due to non‐ADRC‐related adverse events and subsequent prolonged enrollment time. Thirty‐one patients (17‐ADRCs, 14‐placebo) mean age 65 ± 8 years, baseline LVEF(%) 31.1 ± 8.7 (ADRC), 31.8 ± 7.7 (placebo) were enrolled. Change in V02 max favored ADRCs (+45.4 ± 222 vs. −9.5 ± 137 mL/min) but there was no difference in left ventricular function or volumes. At 12‐months, heart failure hospitalizations occurred in 2/17 (11.7%) [ADRC] and 3/14 (21.4%) [placebo]. Differences in NYHA and CCS classes favored ADRCs at 12‐months with significant improvement in MLHFQ (−21.6 + 13.9 vs. −5.5 + 23.8, P = 0.038).

Conclusions

A small volume fat harvest, automated local processing, and IM delivery of autologous ADRCs is feasible with suggestion of benefit in “no option” CAD patients. Although the sample size is limited, the findings support feasibility and scalability for treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy with ADRCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Visible‐Light‐Triggered Conformational Diastereomer Photoswitch in a Bridged Azobenzene
Authors: Deo Claire , Bogliotti Nicolas , Métivier Rémi , Retailleau Pascal , Xie Juan
Published: May 2016

Ketal‐substituted bridged azobenzenes have been synthesized; these display a symmetrical boat conformation with the ketal in pseudo‐equatorial positions. These bridged Z‐azobenzenes (Z1) readily photoisomerize to the E‐isomer as well as another Z‐conformer (Z2) with ketal function on the pseudo‐axial position upon irradiation at 406 nm. The two diastereomeric conformers display distinct physicochemical characteristics. Spectroscopic and NMR investigations supported that interconversion of two conformers occurs via the E‐isomer, with good photochemical quantum yield (Φ
=0.45±0.03, Φ
=0.33±0.05, Φ
=0.37±0.06 and Φ
=0.36±0.04). The system shows high photostability and no thermal equilibrium between the two stable Z1 and Z2 conformers.
ChemInform Abstract: LIQUID PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF ZINC TIN PHOSPHIDE (ZNSNP2) ON GALLIUM ARSENIDE
Authors: DAVIS G. A. , WOLFE C. M.
Published: May 2016

ZnSnP2‐Schichten werden auf verschieden orientierten GaAs‐Substraten epitaktisch aus flüssiger Phase abgeschieden.
ChemInform Abstract: TIME‐RESOLVED OPTICAL REFLECTIVITY AND EMISSIVITY DURING AND AFTER CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE SILICON
Authors: BEERS A. M. , HINTZEN H. T. J. M. , BLOEM J.
Published: May 2016

Die CVD von Si aus 2.3% SiH4/H2 bei l at wird im Temp.‐Bereich 560‐800°C mit Hilfe optischer Verfahren in situ beobachtet.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANICAL, THERMAL, AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON‐IRRADIATED SILICON CARBIDE
Authors: CORELLI J. C. , HOOLE J. , LAZZARO J. , LEE C. W.
Published: May 2016

Die Auswirkungen von Reaktor‐Neutronenbestrahlung auf mechanische, thermische, elektrische und Gefügeeigenschaften zweier handelsüblicher Si‐Carbide (gesintertes α‐SiC und siliciertes SiC) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR EVIDENCE FOR AN OSMOTIC MECHANISM OF CEMENT HYDRATION
Authors: LASIC D. D.
Published: May 2016

EPR‐Messungen während der Zementhydratisierung sind mit dem osmotischen Modell der Zementverfestigung vereinbar.
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGEN EVOLUTION FROM WATER MEDIATED BY INFRARED LIGHT ON IRON‐DOPED RUTHENIUM DISULFIDE ELECTRODES
Authors: KUEHNE H.‐M. + , TRIBUTSCH H.
Published: May 2016

Durch Dotierung von Rus, mit Fe werden dessen photoelektrochemischen Eigenschaften erheblich verbessert.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE AND DOPED NICKEL OXIDE. THERMAL ANALYSES AND X‐RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES
Authors: HANAFI Z. M. , ISMAIL F. M. , ELOUI S. M.
Published: May 2016

Drei reine NiO‐Proben aus der Erhitzung von Nicarbonat auf 400, 550 bzw. 1000°C sowie dotiertes NiO mit 0.1, 0.5 oder 1.0 Atom‐% Al, Ga oder In zeigten bei der thermischen Analyse (TG, DTG, DTA; 25‐950°C) zwei endotherme Maxima bei ca. 120 und 250°C, die dem Verlust von adsorbiertem Wasser bzw. einer Phasenänderung zugeschrieben werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations of the La‐Mn‐O System.
Authors: LUCCO BORLERA M. , ABBATTISTA F.
Published: May 2016

Die Gleichgewichtsverhältnisse zwischen den Festphasen des Titelsystems werden in dem durch LnMnO3, MnO und La2O3 begrenzten Bereich erneut untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: GAS‐PHASE CHEMISTRY OF H2P‐
Authors: ANDERSON D. R. , BIERBAUM V. M. , DEPUY C. H.
Published: May 2016

Die lon‐Molekül‐Chemie von H2P′wird mit Hilfe der ?owingafterglow‐Methode untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON THE SINTERABILITY OF ULTRAFINE SILICON CARBIDE POWDERS
Authors: HOJO J. , MIYACHI K. , OKABE Y. , KATO A.
Published: May 2016

Mit Hilfe einer Reihe verschiedener CVD‐Methoden (Dampfphasenreaktionen der Systeme Me4Si‐H, (1200‐1400°C (′) SiH4‐(′H4‐H2 (1400°C), MeSiCl3‐, MeSiHClf oder Me2SiCl2‐H2 (Plasmastrahl‐Methoden werden ultrafeine β‐SiC‐Pulver mit einer mittleren Teilchengröße zwischen 0.01 und 0.06 um hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: POTASSIUM FLUORIDE ON ALUMINA. AN EFFICIENT SOLID BASE FOR ELIMINATION, ADDITION, AND CONDENSATION
Authors: YAMAWAKI J. , KAWATE T. , ANDO T. , HANAFUSA T.
Published: May 2016

Durch KF auf Al2O3 als "feste Base" wird eine Reihe von Reaktionen katalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CARBONYL ISOTHIOCYANATES WITH NUCLEOPHILIC BIFUNCTIONAL REAGENTS
Authors: UHER M. , BERKES D. , LESKO J. , FLOCH L.
Published: May 2016

Durch Additionsreaktion von 1,2‐Diaminobenzol (I), o‐Aminophenol (IV) und dem Uracil (VII) mit den Isothiocyanaten (II) im Molverhältnis l:l werden die Addukte (III), (V), (VI) und (VIII) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF SINGLET OXYGEN. 39. 9,10‐DICYANOANTHRACENE‐SENSITIZED FORMATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN
Authors: DOBROWOLSKI D. C. , OGILBY P. R. , FOOTE C. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Quantenausb.
ChemInform Abstract: CUMULENE PHOTOCHEMISTRY: PHENYL AND HYDROGEN MIGRATION IN PHENYLALLENE PHOTOREACTIONS
Authors: KLETT M. W. , JOHNSON R. P.
Published: May 2016

Tetraphenylallen (I) liefert bei der Photolyse zunächst das Triphenylin‐ den (II), das bei weiterer Bestrahlung zu (III) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE ON SILICA GEL ‐ SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF KETONES AND CARBOXY ESTERS IN THE PRESENCE OF NITRO AND CYANO GROUPS
Authors: KAMITORI Y. , HOJO M. , MASUDA R. , INOUE T. , IZUMI T.
Published: May 2016

Selective Reduction of Ketones and Carboxy Esters in the Presence of Nitro and Cyano Groups.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW REACTION OF SUBSTITUTIVE FLUORINATION BY CHLORINE MONOFLUORIDE IN SITU
Authors: CHUVATKIN N. N. , MOROZOVA T. V. , BOGUSLAVSKAYA L. S.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion von HF mit Verbindungen, die leichtiChlor abspalten, wie z.B. Hexachlonnelamin, Trichlorisocyanursäure oder Trichloracetylhypochlorit, wird ClF gebildet, das in situ mit den Dibrommonochloralkanen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) bzw. mit dem Dibromester (Ic) zu dem Monofluorderivat (IIa) bzw. zu den Gemischen (IIb)/ (IIIb) und (llc)/(IIIc) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL REGIOSPECIFIC ALKYLATION OF THE AROMATIC NUCLEUS VIA LITHIUM TRIALKYLBOROHYDRIDES AND ARYL SULFONES
Authors: BROWN H. C. , KIM S.‐C. , KRISHNAMURTHY S.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Sulfone (I) mit den ungehinderten und wenig gehinderten Li‐hydridotrialkylboraten (II) führt unter regiospezifischer Alkylierung der aromatischen Ringe zu den Produkten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: TETRACARBONYLCOBALTATE ION SUPPORTED ON ANION EXCHANGERS AS A NEW HETEROGENIZED HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST: SYNTHESIS OF ACIDS AND ESTERS FROM ORGANIC HALIDES
Authors: FOA N. , FRANCALANCI F. , GARDANO A. , CAINELLI G. , UMANI‐RONCHI A.
Published: May 2016

Tetracarbonylcobaltat (II) reagiert mit Anionenaustauscherharzen (I) zu den heterogenen Katalysatoren (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND AMINE FUNCTIONS. THERMOLYSIS OF HYDROXIDES AND SALTS OF Ω‐(TRIALKYLAMMONIO)‐1‐ALKANOLS
Authors: BARBRY D. , HASIAK B.
Published: May 2016

Durch AgOH werden die nach Literaturverfahren erhaltenen Iodide (I) in die entsprechenden Hydroxi‐ ′ de übergeführt, deren Thermolyse bei I20°C ein Gemisch aus den Alkenolen (II), den Alkenylethern (III), den Alkanolaminen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TRIAZENES: EFFICIENT PREPARATION OF THE SIMPLEST DI‐ AND TRIALKYLTRIAZENES AND A NOVEL 3‐ACYL‐1,3‐DIALKYLTRIAZENE
Authors: SMITH R. H. JUN. , MICHEJDA C. J.
Published: May 2016

Alkylazide (I) werden mit Alkyllithium bzw. Alkylmagnesiumbromiden (II) in Dialkyltriazene (III) umgewandelt, die mit Hilfe von Kaliumhydrid zu Trialkyltriazenen (IV) alkyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: VINYLATION OF NITROCARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: STOTSKII A. A. , OKULOVSKAYA N. V. , GORBENKO I. YU.
Published: May 2016

Die Di‐ bzw. Trinitrocarbonsäuren (II) werden mit Vinylacetat (I) in hohen Ausb. zu den Di‐ bzw. Trinitrocarbonsäurevinylestern (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N′‐ARYL‐N3‐(SUBSTITUTED)‐α,α′‐THIOBIS(FORMAMIDINE) DIHYDROCHLORIDES AND THEIR EFFECT ON BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF ALBINO RATS
Authors: PANDEYA S. N. , PATHAK D. P. , SRIVASTAVA V.
Published: May 2016

Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (III) werden durch Reaktion von Arylformamidinhydrochloriden (I) mit Thioharnstoffen (II) hergestellt und auf hypoglykämische Wirkung geprüft.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOXYALKYLATION OF ISOMERIC CRESOLS BASED ON THE FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS REACTION
Authors: BARASHKIN V. A. , KADYROV CH. SH.
Published: May 2016

Die Kondensation der drei isomeren Kresole (I), (IX) und (XIII) mit "y‐Butyrolacton (II) unter den Bedingungen der Friedel‐Crafts‐Synthese wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF NATURAL HYDROXYAMIDES USING TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE
Authors: SOMANATHAN R. , AGUILAR H. R. , VENTURA G. R. , SMITH K. M.
Published: May 2016

Anisaldehyd (I) wird durch Umsetzung mit Trimethylsilylcyanid (II) und anschließende Reduktion in den Aminoalkohol (V) übergeführt, der zu den Amiden (VII) acyliert wird.