bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endonasal endoscopic removal of intra-orbital (extralacrimal, extraconjunctival) oculosporidiosis: Anatomical and surgical considerations
Authors: Dutta Mainak , Mondal Avik , Kar Sutarthi , Pednekar Nupur Milind
Published: March 2022

This report illustrates the successful removal of a proper intra-orbital oculosporidiosis (extralacrimal, extraconjunctival) exclusively by the endonasal endoscopic approach. It also introduces the naso-orbital pseudofontanelle as an important surgical landmark and describes a hitherto undefined intra-orbital extramucosal three-dimensional potential wedge that harbored the Rhinosporidium seeberi infestation as a nodular conglomerate. The patient, a 50-year-old woman, was operated on three years ago for rhinosporidiosis of the nasal cavity and the distal lacrimal drainage system (lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct). The resulting alterations in regional anatomy were evident on imaging. They could explain the present recurrence and formation of the pseudofontanelle that allowed the conglomerate to bulge through the lateral nasal wall on digital pressure, making endoscopic intervention feasible. The primary principle for adopting this approach was to protect the facial skin from possible seeding. With an angled endoscope, the pseudofontanelle was breached and the intra-orbital extramucosal wedge between the bony orbital wall and the peri-orbita entered. The nodules that formed the conglomerate were densely adherent with the peri-orbita and skin. They were carefully and meticulously removed to avoid inadvertent injury to vital intra-orbital structures. Endonasal endoscopic intervention for a true intra-orbital oculosporidiosis has never been documented before. The surgical approach, the newly defined anatomical domain for the intra-orbital extramucosal oculosporidiosis, and the concept of pseudofontanelle characterize this report as a novel clinical experience worth presenting.
Diffusion of Data-Driven Practices: How the Opinion Leading U.S. Cities are Advancing the use of Data in Local Government
Authors: Puttick Ruth , Fiedler Lisa Mae , Park Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Understanding why cities are leaders in data-driven local government can help diffuse best practices to support better decision-making and improve government services. This study surveyed US local government professionals and generated a new practitioner-led definition of data-driven local government and it identified the opinion leader cities viewed as exemplars in their use of data. To our knowledge, this study is the first practitioner-generated definition of data-driven local government and the first depiction of a local government network of data-driven efforts.
Systemic Steroids for Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Disorders: An Evidence‐Based Primer for Clinicians
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Megwalu Uchechukwu C. , Joe Stephanie , Gray Raluca , O'Brien Daniel C. , Ference Elisabeth H. , Lee Victoria S. , Patel Prayag S. , Figueroa‐Morales Marco A. , Shin Jennifer J. , Brenner Michael J.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To offer pragmatic, evidence‐informed guidance on the use of systemic corticosteroids (SCS) for common otolaryngologic disorders.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, and American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation clinical practice guidelines.

Review Methods

A comprehensive search of published literature through November 2021 was conducted on the efficacy of SCS, alone or in combination with other treatments, for managing disorders in otolaryngology and the subdisciplines. Clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials, when available, were preferentially retrieved. Interventions and outcomes of SCS use were compiled to generate summary tables and narrative synthesis of findings.

Conclusions

Evidence on the effectiveness of SCS varies widely across otolaryngology disorders. High‐level evidence supports SCS use for Bell's palsy, sinonasal polyposis, and lower airway disease. Conversely, evidence is weak or absent for upper respiratory tract infection, eustachian tube dysfunction, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, or nonallergic rhinitis. Evidence is indeterminate for acute laryngitis, acute pharyngitis, acute sinusitis, angioedema, chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps, Ménière's disease, postviral olfactory loss, postoperative nerve paresis/paralysis, facial pain, and sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Implications for Practice

Clinicians should bring an evidence‐informed lens to SCS prescribing to best counsel patients regarding the risks, anticipated benefits, and limited data on long‐term effects. Alternate routes of corticosteroid administration—such as sprays, drops, inhalers, and intralesional injections—may be preferable for many disorders, particularly those that are self‐limited or require a prolonged duration of therapy. Prudent use of SCS reduces the risk of medication‐related adverse effects. Clinicians who are conversant with high‐level evidence can achieve optimal outcomes and stewardship when prescribing SCS.
A Protocol for Propofol‐Infusion Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Lackey Taylor G. , Duffy James R. , Green Katherine K.
Published: March 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to outline a protocol utilizing propofol infusion without an initial bolus during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). We define normative values for final propofol infusion rate (Pfinal) during DISE and sedation depth values at Pfinal.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic hospital.

Methods

A review of patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent DISE between 2016 and 2020 was performed. The following patient data were recorded: demographics; DISE procedure details, including Pfinal, time to Pfinal, frequency and cadence of infusion rate changes, depth of sedation as measured by Bispectral Index and SedLine values, and hemodynamics; and polysomnography details including apnea‐hypopnea index severity and minimum oxygen saturation. A mixed linear model adjusted for age and body mass index was performed for the analysis of effects on Pfinal. Pearson correlation coefficients determined the strength of association between depth of sedation measured and pattern of collapse on DISE and Pfinal.

Results

There were 246 patients who met inclusion criteria. Pfinal resembled a normal distribution (mean ± SD, 156.44 ± 26.69 mcg/kg/min; median, 150 mcg/kg/min). Analysis demonstrated that Pfinal was influenced by male sex, current smoker status, time to Pfinal, and number of propofol dose changes (P < .05). Depth of sedation categories measured differently between Bispectral Index and SedLine (55‐65 vs 45‐55, P < .001). The pattern including severity of collapse on DISE was not associated with Pfinal (P > .05). No patients required intra‐ or postoperative respiratory support beyond oxygen via nasal canula.

Conclusion

We describe a propofol slow‐infusion DISE protocol that demonstrates safe and reproducible outcomes.
A Novel External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line Sensitive to CDK4/6 Inhibition
Authors: García‐Marín Rocío , Cabal Virginia N. , Fernández‐Cedrón Bermejo Carmen , Riobello Cristina , Suárez‐Fernández Laura , Codina‐Martínez Helena , Navarro‐García Ainhoa , Lorenzo‐Guerra Sara Lucila , García‐Martínez Jorge , Vivanco Blanca , López Fernando , Llorente José Luis , Hermsen Mario A.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To characterize cell line CAE606 derived from a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external auditory canal (EAC) and to show its usefulness as a model for testing candidate therapeutic agents.

Study Design

Preclinical translational research.

Setting

Biomedical research institute.

Methods

The cell line was initiated from a moderately differentiated T2N0M0 EAC SCC. We studied its histologic and genetic features as well as growth and invasion parameters. Sensitivity to cell CDK4/6 cell cycle inhibitor palbociclib was analyzed.

Results

CAE606 cells expressed heavy molecular weight cytokeratin, p63, and vimentin. The population doubling time was 25.8 hours, and the cells showed fast collective cell migration in a wound‐healing assay. Short tandem repeat analysis confirmed it to be derived from the primary tumor of the patient. Next‐generation sequencing revealed alterations in cell cycle regulation genes, including inactivating mutations in CDKN2A and TP53 and high‐level amplification of CCND1 and EGFR. CAE606 showed a strong decrease of phospo‐Rb expression upon exposure to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, causing significant growth inhibition with an IC50 of 0.46 µM.

Conclusion

This is the first report of a stable EAC SCC cell line. Its genetic features make it a useful tool for preclinical testing of new therapeutic agents for EAC SCC, particularly those targeting cell cycle regulation in combination with radio‐ and chemotherapy or other specific signaling pathway inhibitors.
Pandemic, Roadblock, or End of On-campus Finance Education?
Authors: Shekar Mylavaram Chandra , Shrivastava Amit
Published: March 2022

Online mode of instruction has become the new normal since 2020. Despite the pros and cons, it has become the only way to cater to educational fulfilment during the most stressful times. While most of them may deem it the most unaccepted mode of education, considering the hard fact of huge fees paid towards the institutes and not making the most out of it, it might bring in some good vibes to know about the positives of distance education environment. One such positive about the online mode of education is its continuity despite the panic in society, which ties back to the need for education in a country like India, which strongly believes that today’s children are tomorrow’s future. This article provides an overview of the challenges faced by the most important stakeholders of an educational institute (students and faculty of finance-related courses) during online classes. First, it takes a closer view of its impact on finance education, followed by the possible ways to ensure students and faculty stay engaged and connected online.
Book review: Haoginlen Chongloi, History, Identity, and Polity of the Kukis: Narrating Colonial History and Historiography
Authors: Touthang Ngamtinlun
Published: March 2022

Haoginlen Chongloi, History, Identity, and Polity of the Kukis: Narrating Colonial History and Historiography (Imphal: Hornbill Press, 2020), xvi + 202 pp.
Community networks as models to address connectivity gaps in underserved communities
Authors: Gwaka Leon , Haseki Müge , Yoo Christopher S.
Published: March 2022

The mounting evidence that current efforts to meet international goals for increasing Internet connectivity are likely to fall short has heightened interest in alternative connectivity models such as community networks. Already, there are many such initiatives globally taking differentiated approaches towards their setup and operation. This results in fragmented knowledge on the initiatives and systematic analysis of these models is limited. This study applies the People, Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE) framework to examine 21 community networks across countries in different continents to produce insights into their structure and components. The aim is to identify ways in which initiatives become sustainable. Data for the study were collected in two steps. First, qualitative data were gathered using in-depth interviews to produce a database of case studies. Second, the qualitative data were quantized, which enables the researchers to produce descriptive data. Overall, the study findings demonstrate the existence of several technology options, but the main technology used for community level connectivity is Wi-Fi. Initiatives also adopt different organizational approaches, but strategic partnerships are critical for the success of the initiatives. While strategic partners provide support for the initial set up lack of business models affect the sustainability of initiatives. Also, while environment-related issues (regulation, infrastructure) play a significant role, they are malleable as shown by changes in regulatory regimes. This study findings are useful to practitioners implementing community networks, researchers looking to gain more insights on these models and policy makers responsible for the telecommunication, and digital policies.
Factors influencing the Sharp score of 1057 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and anemia: a retrospective study
Authors: Sun Yanqiu , Liu Jian , Xin Ling , Wen Jianting , Zhou Qin , Chen Xiaolu , Ding Xiang , Zhang Xianheng
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study examined the relationship of the Sharp score with demographic factors and clinical immune-inflammatory markers in patients with anemia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

The clinical data of 1057 patients with RA and anemia and 1006 patients with RA without anemia were retrospectively analyzed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis, association rule analysis, and logistic regression were used to study the relationships between the Sharp score and influencing factors in patients with RA and anemia.

Results

The incidence of anemia was 51.24% (1057/2063), and mild anemia accounted for 81.93% (866/1057) of cases. Spearman’s correlation coefficient and association rule analyses revealed that the Sharp score of patients with RA and anemia was correlated with immune-inflammatory response and anemia. Logistic regression analysis illustrated that advanced age (>60 years), female, low serum iron levels, C-reactive protein positivity, and immunoglobulin A positivity were risk factors for a high Sharp score (>28.25) in patients with RA and anemia.

Conclusion

The Sharp score is closely related to clinical disease activity and anemia, and it should be considered in the treatment strategy of patients with RA and anemia.
Energetic, exergetic and financial evaluation of a solar-powered absorption chiller integration into a CO2 commercial refrigeration system
Authors: Syngounas Evangelos , Tsimpoukis Dimitrios , Koukou Maria K , Vrachopoulos Michail G
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the integration of a solar absorption chiller by means of subcooling to a CO2 booster system that serves the refrigeration needs of a supermarket refrigeration plant with an installed capacity of 80 kW and 20 kW for medium and low-temperature regimes, respectively. The proposed energy saving configuration is analyzed in an energetic, exergetic, and financial manner, using the climatic data for the city of Athens, Greece. The current approach constitutes the theoretical reference for the actual implementation of this novelty either in new plants or as a retrofit in existing ones. The proposed solution includes the employment of a single-stage absorption chiller operating with LiBr–H20 working pair, which is driven by heat produced in evacuated tube collectors installed in the store’s rooftop. The energy analysis is conducted with validated numerical models that are developed in MATLAB using the CoolProp library. The collecting area and the corresponding chiller capacity of the proposed configuration are selected through financial evaluation. More specifically, the collecting area is analyzed parametrically from 25 m2 to 200 m2. Finally, 100 m2 of collecting area with 60 kW of chiller capacity are proved to be the optimum solution financially with 8.4 years payback period and 44.57 k€ net present value. This optimum solution results in an annual power consumption decrease of 8.12% which leads to energy savings of 27.45 MWh/year.
Study on novel cross-axis conical screw rotors with large built-in volume ratio for twin-screw expanders used in energy recovery systems
Authors: Wang Jun , Pan Shiyang , Ren Chunji , Wu Meng , Wang Zengli , Geng Maofei
Published: March 2022

The twin-screw expander is widely used in many low-grade energy recovery systems. Its built-in volume ratio has a crucial impact on the system performance. Large built-in volume ratio can expand both the application and scope of the twin-screw expander, and can improve the efficiency of the power generation cycle as well. In this study, a novel pair of intermeshing cross-axis conical twin-screw rotors (CCSRs) with large built-in volume ratio and large expansion ratio for the twin-screw expander was proposed. The conjugate meshing of CCSRs can be achieved by using spherical-sectional profiles. Geometric performance of the proposed CCSRs was studied. Moreover, a thermodynamic model and numerical simulations of the working process of the proposed cross-axis conical twin-screw expander (CCSE) were established, and the working performance and thermodynamic characteristics during the expansion process were analyzed. Study results indicate that the proposed CCSRs exhibit a larger built-in volume ratio, and the corresponding twin-screw expander has a larger expansion ratio than that of the traditional one. The contents will be beneficial to the improvement and development of the twin-screw expander and energy recovery systems.
Stem Cell Therapies for Human Infertility: Advantages and Challenges
Authors: Wu Jin-Xiang , Xia Tian , She Li-Ping , Lin Shu , Luo Xiang-Min
Published: March 2022

Physical and mental health and hormonal imbalance are associated with the problems related to infertility and reproductive disorders. The rate of infertility has increased globally over the years, due to various reasons. Given the psychosocial implications of infertility and its effects on the life of the affected people, there has been an increased focus on its treatment over the last several years. Assisted reproductive technology can only solve about 50% of the cases. Moreover, it contains significant risks and does not solve the fundamental problem of infertility. As pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into almost any type of cell, they have been widely regarded as a promising option in the development of stem cell-based fertility treatments, which could even correct genetic diseases in offspring. These advancements in reproductive biotechnology present both challenges and possibilities for solving infertility problems caused by various unexplainable factors. This review briefly presents the different types of infertility disorders and the potential applications of stem cells in the treatment of these reproductive diseases.
TMAO as a Novel Predictor of Major Adverse Vascular Events and Recurrence in Patients with Large Artery Atherosclerotic Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chen Yan-Yan , Ye Zu-Sen , Xia Nian-Ge , Xu Yun
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To explore the association of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentration with large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) ischemic stroke and its role in predicting neurological outcome and major vascular event recurrence.

Materials and Methods

We performed a case-control study that included patients with first-ever LAA stroke as cases (n = 291) and asymptomatic patients as controls (n = 235). Clinical data and venous blood samples were collected within 72 hours after stroke. All subjects were followed for 3 months. TMAO level was detected by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to evaluate plasma TMAO concentration as a predictor of LAA stroke and major vascular event recurrence, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to compare major vascular event recurrence between patients with high and low TMAO concentration.

Results

After adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors, the plasma TMAO level was significantly higher in the LAA stroke group than the control group (OR = 1.031, 95% CI 1.024-1.037, P < .001). At a cutoff level of 106.9 pg/ml, TMAO had a sensitivity of 63.23% and specificity of 80.00% in discriminating the LAA stroke subjects from the controls in Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated TMAO plasma concentration was significantly relevant with recurrent vascular events (Log Rank, P = .006). Moreover, this association was still existed after adjusting for traditional risks (adjusted HR, 3.128; 95% CI, 1.018-9.610) in Cox regression model. But TMAO plasma levels were not relevant with functional disability after 3 months of the LAA stroke.

Conclusion

Elevated plasma TMAO concentration was independently associated with LAA ischemic stroke. The risk of major vascular event recurrence increased by 2.128 times in the LAA stroke subjects with plasma TMAO level higher than 126.83 pg/mL. Plasma TMAO concentration might be a potential biomarker of major vascular event recurrence.
The Uneven Returns of Transparency in Voluntary Nonfinancial Disclosures
Authors: Andrus Joel L. , Callery Patrick J. , Grandy Jake B.
Published: March 2022

Voluntary nonfinancial disclosures are an increasingly relevant element of corporate sustainability strategies. Despite their importance, research is conflicted on how the transparency of such disclosures affects market and nonmarket outcomes. A possible reason is that transparency consists of multiple dimensions, each of which may be valued differently by market and nonmarket actors. Drawing on insights from attribution theory, we explore the effects that different information traits of voluntary disclosures have on market and nonmarket actors. We suggest that the completeness, clarity, and accuracy of voluntary nonfinancial disclosures affect both market (i.e., market valuation) and nonmarket (i.e., reputation risk) reactions. Using data from the Carbon Disclosure Project, we find that these actors react differently to three distinct dimensions of transparency: completeness, clarity, and accuracy. Our findings highlight the importance of the nuanced relationship between transparency and market and nonmarket actor reactions, which has implications for broader, sustainability-related outcomes.
Head-first into Upper Secondary Education: Finnish Young People Making Classed and Gendered Educational Choices
Authors: Tolonen Tarja , Aapola-Kari Sinikka
Published: March 2022

In this article, we analyse the narratives of Finnish young people regarding their educational choices for upper secondary education in a theoretical framework inspired by Bourdieu’s forms of capital and Skeggs’ concept of the classed value of self. Our data consist of interviews with 66 ninth-graders, produced in the Youth in Time research project. In the narratives, we identified six frames of choice between general upper secondary and vocational education and outside formal education. We also recognized that there was hesitation and various strategies that young people utilized in making their educational choices, based on their social and cultural capitals. Young people become aware of their value in the educational market through this process of making their choice. Their educational choices are complex and intertwined with gender, social class, social relations, racialization and locality.
Comparison of horizontal muscle transposition and Inferior oblique weakening combined with horizontal surgery in V-pattern exotropia
Authors: Yalcin Elvan , Sultan Pinar
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of horizontal muscle transposition and inferior oblique weakening combined with horizontal surgery performed for V-pattern exotropia (XT) and to determine the most successful approach.

Methods

In our retrospective study, 52 patients who underwent horizontal surgery due to V-pattern XT and were followed up for at least 6 months were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 26) consisted of patients who underwent vertical transposition of the rectus muscles combined with horizontal surgery, and group 2 (n = 26) consisted of patients who underwent inferior oblique weakening combined with horizontal surgery. The two groups were compared before and after surgery in terms of visual acuity, refractive errors, deviation angles, pattern strabismus, fusion, stereopsis, over/under correction and surgical success.

Results

There was no difference between the two groups in terms of age, follow-up period, visual acuity, refractive errors, fusion or stereopsis. The amount of horizontal deviation was smaller in group 2 at the 1-6-month follow-ups. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of pattern collapse; however, the amount of pattern postoperatively was lower in group 2. The two groups were similar in terms of overcorrection; however, the undercorrection rate was higher in group 1. The surgical success rate was higher in group 2.

Conclusions

Inferior oblique weakening combined with horizontal surgery due to V-pattern XT was found to be superior to vertical transposition of the horizontal muscles in terms of surgical success and the amount of pattern postoperatively.
Review on seismic resilient bridge structures
Authors: Dong Huihui , Han Qiang , Du Xiuli , Zhou Yulong
Published: March 2022

Bridge structures are the important part of lifeline engineering, which are easy to lose their traffic function when subjected to strong earthquakes. Seismic resilient bridge structures are that do not require repair or can be restored to normal operating condition with minor repair after an earthquake, which are mainly characterized by self-centering capacity, damage control capacity and easy repair. Therefore, the bridge structures with seismic resilience have become one of the research hotspots in bridge engineering due to the excellent characteristics. This paper firstly reviews the development of bridge seismic design theory, and then highlights the current status of research on bridge structures with seismic resilience. The seismic resilient bridge structures are divided into rocking bridges, bridges with replaceable members and bridges with high-performance materials, according to the method to achieve the performance recovery of bridge structures. Then the research status of these three kinds of seismic resilient bridge structures is reviewed and summarized systematically. A large number of experimental studies and numerical simulations have presented that the seismic resilient bridge structures have excellent performance recovery capability. In addition, this paper also summarizes the current research status of performance evaluation and design methods of seismic resilient bridge structures, and presents practical engineering applications of typical seismic resilient bridge structures. Finally, the future research directions and development trends of seismic resilient bridge structures are prospected.
A survey-based review of psychology provision in major trauma centres (MTCs) in England
Authors: Teager Alistair , Dawson Benjamin , Johnson Louise , Methley Abigail , Mairs Jodie , Murray Calum
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Following major trauma, individuals frequently experience psychological or neuropsychological consequences of their injuries. Clinical psychologists are well-placed to provide support for these individuals and the multidisciplinary teams that work with them. It is currently unclear as to the level of psychology provision in major trauma centres (MTCs), and the input they can provide. This study therefore aimed to identify psychology provision in major trauma centres in England to facilitate discussion and support service development.

Method

Electronic surveys were distributed via a mailing list to psychologists in MTCs to gather data on the role and resource of psychology provision in major trauma centres in England. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results

Psychologists from 21/40 MTCs in England responded. Significant gaps in psychology service provision were found across all services, including not being able to provide consistent input throughout the week and not being able to provide a combination of assessment, formulation and intervention, amongst others. Common barriers to providing psychology input included lack of integration into multidisciplinary teams and reduced knowledge of patient transfers, underpinned by staff resource. These issues also contributed to psychologists in MTCs limiting the types of referrals they accept.

Conclusions

Psychology is presently under-resourced in MTCs in England, particularly in services for children. Recommendations for major trauma psychology roles and level of resource need to be provided in national service specifications in order improve service delivery and prioritise psychosocial outcomes of individuals with potentially life-changing injuries.
Association of triglyceride-glucose with cardiac hemodynamics in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Zhao Zhicong , Deng Xia , Cai Zhensheng , Gu Tian , Li Lian , Guo Chang , Wang Dong , Yang Ling , Zhao Li , Yuan Guoyue
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable and inexpensive alternative indicator of insulin resistance. Previous studies have shown that elevated TyG index increases the risk of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and other diseases, but the relationship between TyG index and cardiac hemodynamics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not clear. This study was conducted in patients with T2DM to assess the relationship between TyG and cardiac hemodynamics and its predictive ability for T2DM.

Methods

A total of 647 individuals (348 males and 299 females) were enrolled in this study, including 446 T2DM patients and 201 healthy controls. The clinical data and related laboratory variables were assessed and recorded, and TyG index was calculated. Cardiac hemodynamics was measured by echocardiography. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the association between TyG and cardiac hemodynamics. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of TyG index in the diagnosis of T2DM.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), HOMA-IR, and TyG levels were higher in patients with T2DM. With the increase of TyG, the levels of left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd), posterior wall thickness (PWT), and interventricular septum thickness (IVST) were also increased in T2DM individuals. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that TyG was an independent determinant of LVEF, PWT, IVST, and ejection time (ET) after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, individuals with visceral obesity had higher TyG and TyG can be used as a predictor of T2DM with an AUC of 0.903 (95% CI:0.879–0.927).

Conclusions

The increase of TyG index is closely related to cardiac hemodynamics of T2DM patients, which is expected to be a simple and practical biological index to predict the changes of cardiac function in patients with T2DM.
Sports Economics on Trial: Alston v. NCAA
Authors: Noll Roger G.
Published: March 2022

The Supreme Court's decision in NCAA v. Alston already has had profound effects on the governance of college sports. Despite the narrow scope of the relief ordered in Alston, the opinion invites more challenges to NCAA rules that restrict compensation of athletes. Within months after Alston was decided, many athletes already are substantially better off financially, and the NCAA has delegated regulation of compensation of athletes to its conferences and divisions. Moreover, the case represents an intellectual victory for sports economics in that decades of research in the field formed the foundation for the Court's opinion.
Multi-layer optimization algorithm
Authors: Abdalla M , Yamin J , Al-Khawaldeh E
Published: March 2022

The optimization of experimental results has repeatedly posed major challenges for scientist and engineers. In this work, a systematic multi-layer optimization scheme is proposed in conjunction with particle swarm optimization algorithm to locate a global optimum that fits a cost function. The technique utilizes SP-lines to form three-dimensional patches surfaces from experimental data in multi-layer fashion and incorporates a multi-layer search using particle swarm optimization. The novel technique is illustrated and verified over two layers of experimental data to show its effectiveness.
Prolonged-release fampridine for the treatment of myoclonus after cervical myelitis: a case report
Authors: Müller Mona Klara Ros , Christ Monika , Naumann Markus , Bayas Antonios
Published: March 2022

Prolonged-release fampridine (PR-FAM), a potassium channel blocker, is approved for improving walking ability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Beyond this, positive effects on other MS symptoms like fatigue, cognition, and tremor have been described. To our knowledge, a positive effect of PR-FAM on spinal myoclonus has not been described so far. Here, we report a 32-year-old female with myoclonus after cervical myelitis affecting both hands which markedly improved after administration of PR-FAM. Treatments used before such as carbamazepine or levetiracetam had to be withdrawn because of intolerable side effects or lack of efficacy. The positive effect of PR-FAM could be confirmed by transient suspension. PR-FAM may be considered as a treatment option in refractory spinal myoclonus after myelitis in selected cases.
Is there a role for stem cell therapy in erectile dysfunction secondary to cavernous nerve injury? Network meta-analysis from animal studies and human trials
Authors: Wani Mudassir M. , Rai Bhavan P. , Webb William Richard , Madaan Sanjeev
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

We carried out systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the role of stem cell therapy (SCT) in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to cavernous nerve injury in rats and post-radical prostatectomy (RP) in humans.

Patients and Methods:

The protocol was registered with PROSPERO database. We searched studies analyzing the efficacy of SCT for ED due to bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) in rats using Healthcare Databases Advanced Search (HDAS) Export software (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus) from inception to September 2020. The outcome measurements, for 29 animal studies, were intracavernosal pressure (ICP), ICP/MAP (mean arterial pressure) ratio, and histological/molecular changes. All three available human trials evaluating SCT in post-RP ED were assessed for International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) Score and Erection Hardness Score (EHS).

Results:

For ICP measurement, animal studies were divided into adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) subgroup and bone marrow–derived stem cells (BMSCs) subgroup. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a beneficial effect of SCT in improving erectile function in rats with BCNI using network meta-analysis (95% confidence interval, CI; p < 0.001). There was an increase in ICP/MAP ratio in stem cell groups (including co-intervention) compared with control BCNI group. Histological and molecular evaluation of penile tissue revealed an increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), smooth muscle content, and anti-apoptotic activity. Human trials revealed improved IIEF (70–150% from baseline at 6 months) and EHS (80–200% from baseline).

Conclusion:

Our results confirm that SCT does improve the erectile function in rats having cavernous nerve injury. Similarly, early human results have shown promising results.

PROSPERO registration ID:

CRD42020201343.
The effect of mirror therapy in patients with frozen shoulder
Authors: Hekim Ömer , Çolak Tuğba Kuru , Bonab Masoud Amir Rashedi
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This study was designed to compare mirror therapy and visual feedback with the control group in adhesive capsulitis patients.

Methods

Thirty-six patients, divided into three groups as mirror therapy, visual feedback and control for 15 sessions of treatment. Evaluations were made before treatment, at 6th and 10th weeks. Bilateral glenohumeral exercise was performed at the end of each session with the affected extremity behind the mirror in the mirror group, with both upper extremities in front of the mirror in the visual feedback group, and without the mirror in the control group.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between the mirror therapy and visual feedback in terms of pain severity change, and the visual feedback was superior to the change in pain severity compared to the control. Visual feedback showed significant improvement in mean change from baseline to week 10 in shoulder pain and disability index scores compared to control (p = 0.012). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of modified constant score, proprioception and shoulder range of motion.

Conclusion

It was determined that the exercises performed by seeing the affected extremity in the mirror were more effective than mirror therapy and control group.
Evaluation of the range of motion of scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints: State of the art
Authors: Giovannetti de Sanctis Edoardo , Ciolli Gianluca , Mocini Fabrizio , Cerciello Simone , Maccauro Giulio , Franceschi Francesco
Published: March 2022

The scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints play a fundamental role in the shoulder function. Shoulder complex kinematics have been studied with different methods using: goniometers, 2 static radiographs, 3D motion analyzers (invasive or noninvasive) and digital inclinometers. Goniometers have been used traditionally to assess scapular rotation in relation to the thorax. The intrinsic limit of multiple static two-dimensional shoulder radiographs is the attempt of describing in two what is occurring in three dimensions. Technology innovations have led to the development of the 3D shoulder complex kinematics analysis ETS (Electromagnetic tracking systems) using sensors (invasive bone-pin markers or noninvasive skin surface marker) stitched to the scapula/clavicula, thorax, and humerus. Despite being uncomfortable, invasive 3D motion cortical pins analyzers still represent the current gold standard for tracking shoulder complex kinematics. Therefore, access to three-dimensional biomechanical instrumentations for collecting kinematic data represents an active problem for many physicians. A precise, easy to use and low-cost non-invasive method able to draw and analyze the kinematics of the shoulder complex has not been developed yet. Further researches are necessary to design a new non-invasive method able to draw and analyze the kinematics of the scapula and the whole shoulder complex, precisely.
Blood pressure change and cognition in childhood and early adulthood: a systematic review
Authors: Lancaster Kurt , Xu Ying , Savage Greg , Cysique Lucette A. , Peters Ruth
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

High blood pressure in midlife is an established risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia but less is known about the impact of raised blood pressure on cognition in childhood and early adulthood.

Method:

We systematically reviewed and quantified the existing evidence base relating to blood pressure in early life and subsequent cognitive performance. Medline, Embase, PsycINFOo, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 2020. We included longitudinal cohort and case–control studies involving participants aged 0–40 years with a baseline and at least one follow-up blood pressure assessment alongside at least one measure of cognition, occurring at the same time as, or subsequent to blood pressure measures. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two reviewers. PROSPERO registration CRD42020214655.

Results:

Of a total of 5638 records identified, three cohort and two case–control studies were included with ages ranging from 3 to early 30s. Repeated blood pressure measurements averaged over 25 years or cumulative blood pressure in the 25–30 years prior to assessment of cognitive function were associated with poorer cognitive performance in the two largest cohort studies. The smallest cohort study reported no evidence of an association and the results from the two case–control studies were contradictory. All studies were at risk of bias.

Conclusion:

Overall, the evidence in this area is lacking and study quality is mixed. Our review highlights an urgent need for studies evaluating the potential for a relationship between raised blood pressure and poorer cognition in early life given the potential for possible risk reduction if such a relationship exists.
A promising future for tele-mental health in Oman: A qualitative exploration of clients and therapists’ experiences
Authors: Al-Mahrouqi Tamadhir , Al-Alawi Kamila , Al-Alawi Mohammed , Al Balushi Naser , Al Ghailani Abdullah , Al Sabti Hilal , Al Sinawi Hamed
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

Tele-mental health services can play an important role in overcoming barriers in mental health services in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. However, despite its potential, tele-mental health has not been widely adopted in Oman. This study is an exploratory investigation into the experiences of therapists and their clients in utilizing video-based tele-mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A total of 19 semistructured qualitative interviews were individually conducted, it included 13 adult clients with mental health conditions who received video-based tele-mental health care and six clinical psychologists who provided video-based tele-mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

The clients reported favorable experiences using tele-mental health, with the primary benefits being convenience, easy accessibility to subspecialized care, reduced absenteeism from work with commuting costs, and alleviated mental health stigma. The therapists also expressed experiencing benefits from tele-mental health, such as reduced risk of intrahospital infection, reduced healthcare costs, and the achievement of work-life balance. Primary concerns were related to the lack of public tele-mental health services, lack of specified tele-mental health guidelines, shortage of trained therapists, limited access to high-speed Internet, electronic devices, privacy, and concerns toward the security of telehealth systems in general.

Conclusion:

Clients and therapists report that tele-mental health offers new opportunities to improve the quality of mental healthcare services in Oman, and that the challenges could be resolved by establishing governmental tele-mental health services along with developing tele-mental health guidelines and implementing local postgraduate clinical psychology programs in universities in Oman.
Anemia in African malnourished pre-school children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aynalem Melak , Shiferaw Elias , Adane Tiruneh , Gelaw Yemataw , Enawgaw Bamlaku
Published: March 2022

Generating accurate epidemiological data on the magnitude of anemia in malnourished children is a vital step for health policymakers. Therefore, this study is aimed to synthesize the overall magnitude of anemia in African malnourished pre-school children. We have searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Google to identify relevant articles. Joana Brigg’s Institute critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of articles. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence of anemia in malnourished children. The I2 statistics were used to examine heterogeneity among the included studies. In the presence of heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis has been used. The funnel plot analysis and Egger’s tests were used to investigate the presence of publication bias. A total of 15 articles with 12,211 study participants were included in this study. Anemia was observed in 57.53% (95% CI: 47.05, 68.01) of African malnourished pre-school children. Moreover, the prevalence of anemia was 58.52% (95% CI: 43.04, 73.81) and 56.18% (95% CI: 40.24, 72.13) in HemoCue and auto-machine diagnosis method of anemia, respectively. This review showed that the magnitude of anemia was high among African malnourished pre-school children. Therefore, planning preventive measures to decrease anemia and its complications in malnourished children in Africa is an important step.
Development and evaluation of smartphone usage management system for preventing problematic smartphone use
Authors: Lee Sun Jung , Choi Mun Joo , Yu Sung Hye , Kim HyungMin , Park So Jin , Choi In Young
Published: March 2022

Objective

The increased use of smartphones has led to several problems, including excessive smartphone use and the decreased self-ability to control smartphone use. To prevent these problems, the MindsCare app was developed as a method of self-management and intervention based on an evaluation of smartphone usage. We designed the MindsCare app to manage smartphone usage and prevent problematic smartphone use by providing personalized interventions.

Methods

We recruited 342 Korean participants over the age of 20 and asked them to use MindsCare for 13 weeks. Subsequently, we evaluated the changes in average smartphone usage time and the usability of the app. We designed a usability evaluation questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model and conducted factor and reliability analyses on the participants’ responses. In the eighth week of the study, participants responded to a survey on the usability of the app. We ultimately collected data from 190 participants.

Results

The average score for the usability of the system was 3.61 on a five-point Likert scale, and approximately 58% of the participants responded positively to the evaluation items. In addition, our analysis of MindsCare data revealed a significant reduction in average smartphone use time in the eighth week compared to the baseline (t = 3.47, p = 0.001). Structural equation model analysis revealed that effort expectancy and performance expectancy had a positive relation with behavior intention for the app.

Conclusions

Through this study, we confirmed the MindsCare app's smartphone usage time reduction effect and proved its good usability. As a result, MindsCare may contribute to achieving users’ goals of reducing problematic smartphone use.
Using the Rasch model to examine pre-service teachers approach to learning profiles
Authors: Chue Kah Loong
Published: March 2022

Examining the manner in which learning is organized for educators is an important aspect of educational research. However, one main overarching methodological concern with previous studies was the consistent treatment of Likert scales as an interval type data, that may have resulted in slight inaccuracies in the results. This study thus aims to introduce an alternative method using a Rasch model that may be more suitable to understand the learning profiles of educators. Participants were 352 students (106 male, 246 female) enrolled in a postgraduate program in education. The theoretical framework was based on deep and surface learning approaches and was measured using the instrument RASI. The measurement tool was first validated using the Rasch Rating Scale model and the ability measures of deep learning and surface learning for each student were computed. Analysis indicated that the data was an excellent fit for the Rasch model and that the categories for all items were clearly ordered. Both of the subscales captured most of the spread of person measures. Subsequently, a person-orientated approach was used on the ability measures to categorize the pre-service teachers. The cluster analysis on these ability measures indicated that four groups of students differing in their levels of deep and surface approach to learning were obtained, namely D+/S−, D+/S+, D/S−, and D−/S. Comparisons across clusters for age and gender showed that students with a high deep and low surface approach were significantly older than others. In summary, the present study has demonstrated an alternative method of cluster analysis to identify different learning profiles, by transforming ordinal survey data to an interval level data.