bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Beam-Domain Direction-of-Arrival Tracking Algorithm for an Underwater Target
Authors: Hou Xianghao , Hua Weisi , Chen Yuxuan , Yang Yixin
Published: October 2024

Underwater direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking using a hydrophone array is an important research subject in passive sonar signal processing. In this study, a DOA tracking algorithm based on a novel beam-domain signal processing technique is proposed to ensure robust DOA tracking of an interested underwater target under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. Firstly, the beam-based observation is designed and proposed, which innovatively applies beamforming after array-based observation to achieve specific spatial directivity. Next, the proportional–integral–differential (PID)-optimized Olen–Campton beamforming method (PIDBF) is designed and proposed in the beamforming process to achieve faster and more stable sidelobe control performance to enhance the SNR of the target. The adaptive dynamic beam window is designed and proposed to focusing the observation on more likely observation area. Then, by utilizing the extended Kalman filter (EKF) tracking framework, a novel PIDBF-optimized beam-domain DOA tracking algorithm (PIDBF-EKF) is proposed. Finally, simulations with different SNR scenarios and comprehensive analyses are made to verify the superior performance of the proposed DOA tracking approach.
Mare Volcanism in Apollo Basin Evaluating the Mare Basalt Genesis Models on the Moon
Authors: Fu Xiaohui , Yin Chengxiang , Li Jin , Zhang Jiang , Chi Siyue , Chen Jian , Li Bo
Published: October 2024

The Apollo basin is a well-preserved double-ringed impact basin located on the northeastern edge of the South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin. The Apollo basin has been flooded and filled with large volumes of mare lavas, indicating an active volcanism history. Based on orbital data, we reveal that the Apollo basin exhibits an overall asymmetric configuration in the distribution of mare basalts as well as its topography, chemical compositions, and crustal thickness. The Apollo basin is an excellent example for assessing the influences of the above factors on mare basalts petrogenesis and evaluating mare basalt genesis models. It was found that the generation of mare basalt magmas and their emplacement in the Apollo basin seems to be strongly related to local thin crust (<30 km), but the formation of basaltic magmas should be independent of the decompression melting because the mare units (3.34–1.79 Ga) are much younger than the pre-Nectarian Apollo basin. The mare basalts filled in the Apollo basin exhibits a large variation of TiO2 abundances, indicating the heterogeneity of mantle sources, which is possible due to the lunar mantle overturn after the LMO solidification or the impact-induced mantle convection and migration. However, the prolonged mare volcanic history of the Apollo basin is not well explained, especially considering the low Th abundance (<2 ppm) of this region. In addition, the central mare erupted earlier than other mare units within the Apollo basin, which seems to contradict the predictions of the postbasin loading-induced stresses model. Laboratory investigations of the Chang’E-6 mare basalt samples could possibly answer the above questions and provide new insight into the mare volcanic history of the lunar farside and the connections between mare volcanism and impact basin formation/evolution.
Estimation of Forest Growing Stock Volume with Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Comparison of Model-Fitting Methods
Authors: Santoro Maurizio , Cartus Oliver , Antropov Oleg , Miettinen Jukka
Published: October 2024

Satellite-based estimation of forest variables including forest biomass relies on model-based approaches since forest biomass cannot be directly measured from space. Such models require ground reference data to adapt to the local forest structure and acquired satellite data. For wide-area mapping, such reference data are too sparse to train the biomass retrieval model and approaches for calibrating that are independent from training data are sought. In this study, we compare the performance of one such calibration approach with the traditional regression modelling using reference measurements. The performance was evaluated at four sites representative of the major forest biomes in Europe focusing on growing stock volume (GSV) prediction from time series of C-band Sentinel-1 and Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS-2 PALSAR-2) backscatter measurements. The retrieval model was based on a Water Cloud Model (WCM) and integrated two forest structural functions. The WCM trained with plot inventory GSV values or calibrated with the aid of auxiliary data products correctly reproduced the trend between SAR backscatter and GSV measurements across all sites. The WCM-predicted backscatter was within the range of measurements for a given GSV level with average model residuals being smaller than the range of the observations. The accuracy of the GSV estimated with the calibrated WCM was close to the accuracy obtained with the trained WCM. The difference in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) was less than 5% units. This study demonstrates that it is possible to predict biomass without providing reference measurements for model training provided that the modelling scheme is physically based and the calibration is well set and understood.
Imprints of Soil Microbial Activity Accredited to Residue-Management and Tillage Practices for Boosting Rice and Wheat Production
Authors: Ahlawat Om Parkash , Khippal Anil Kumar , Walia Nisha , Venkatesh Karnam , Kumari Kamini , Sheoran Sonia , Bijarnia Koushal Kishore , Kumar Lokendra , Tripathi S. C. , Singh Gyanendra
Published: October 2024

The sustainable productivity of rice–wheat cropping systems relies on soil health, and soil health can be positively influenced by treating previous crop residues using conservation tillage practices. The present study examined the impact of three rice residue-management practices under zero-tilled wheat (ZTW) and conventionally tilled wheat (CTW), along with two rice-sowing practices, during rice cultivation on soil functional microbial diversity, physiological profiling, and grain yields of rice and wheat. Anchored residues (ARs) under ZTW exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high average well color development—31.43% more than CTW with no residue (NR). CTW with residue burning (BUR) showed a 5.42% increase in the Shannon diversity index compared to CTW-NR. Substrate richness was 10.02% higher in CTW-BUR compared to CTW-NR. CTW-BUR demonstrated the highest 17.98% increase in the Shannon evenness index compared to CTW-NR. The direct-seeded rice (DSR) system generally surpassed puddled transplanted rice (PTR) in most indices, except for the Shannon evenness index values. ZTW-AR exhibited the highest utilization of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and phenolic compounds, while CTW-BUR exhibited the highest utilization of carbohydrates and polymers utilization, and ZTW with no-residue (NR) exhibited the highest utilization of amines. Rice and wheat grain yields were highest with full residue in ZTW and lowest in CTW-NR. PTR supported higher rice yields, while DSR was superior for wheat. These findings highlight the favorable role of residue retention with no tillage during wheat cultivation in the maintenance of soil quality and rice–wheat productivity.
Research on the Application of Conjoint Analysis in Carbon Tax Pricing for the Sustainable Development Process of China
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Li Chaolin , Ji Xiangnan , Zhang Li , Chen Yanjun
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the preferences of Shanghai residents for four key attributes of carbon tax policies via the choice-based conjoint analysis method, with the goal of understanding the potential application of carbon tax policies in China. The findings indicate that the most critical concern for Shanghai residents is the annual cost of the ca trbonax (48.87%), followed by policy transparency (24.72%), revenue allocation (16.68%), and policy implementers (9.73%). The average willingness to pay is CNY 1435.28 annually, indicating a relatively high acceptance of carbon tax policies. Furthermore, increasing public awareness of carbon tax policies significantly enhances willingness to pay, which in turn helps increase tax revenue and promotes the development of low-carbon technologies. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers on carbon tax implementation, contributing to China’s transition to a low-carbon economy.
An Empirical Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Zhejiang Ocean University Using Emission Factor Methodology
Authors: Lin Xuanhui , Cai Huiwen , Zhao Sheng
Published: October 2024

In recent years, with the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, global warming has created a series of complex ecological challenges. Colleges and universities are still in the exploratory stage of constructing low-carbon campuses. This study takes the campus of Zhejiang Ocean University as the research object and obtains carbon emission data from it based on the emission coefficient method by visiting the site and issuing a questionnaire survey. A total of 246 questionnaires were collected in this study, which were quantitatively analyzed to further understand the composition of the carbon emission structure of universities and put forward the corresponding energy-saving and emission-reducing suggestions. This study actively responds to the national call for energy saving and emission reduction and aims to provide a data reference as well as scientific support for the construction of a low-carbon campus. The results show that in 2021, the carbon emissions of Zhejiang Ocean University were 3.39 × 107 kg, of which direct carbon emissions were 3.34 × 105 kg, accounting for 0.99% of the total carbon emissions; indirect carbon emissions were 1.50 × 107 kg, accounting for 44.33% of the total; and other indirect carbon emissions were 1.85 × 107 kg, accounting for the remaining 54.68%. Also, this study found that individuals in colleges and universities pay attention to carbon emissions, but it is difficult for them to maintain a low-carbon approach in daily life. Based on the results of the analysis, this study proposes a series of effective measures to reduce carbon emissions at the campus of Zhejiang Ocean University, unite students in colleges and universities, and fully implement the concepts of energy saving, emission reduction, and sustainable development in college life.
Evaluating Time Irreversibility Tests Using Geometric Brownian Motions with Stochastic Resetting
Authors: Zanin Massimiliano , Trajanovski Pece , Jolakoski Petar , Sandev Trifce , Kocarev Ljupco
Published: October 2024

The time irreversibility of a dynamical process refers to the phenomenon where its behaviour or statistical properties change when it is observed under a time-reversal operation, i.e., backwards in time and indicates the presence of an “arrow of time”. It is an important feature of both synthetic and real-world systems, as it represents a macroscopic property that describes the mechanisms driving the dynamics at a microscale level and that stems from non-linearities and the presence of non-conservative forces within them. While many alternatives have been proposed in recent decades to assess this feature in experimental time series, the evaluation of their performance is hindered by the lack of benchmark time series of known reversibility. To solve this problem, we here propose and evaluate the use of a geometric Brownian motion model with stochastic resetting. We specifically use synthetic time series generated with this model to evaluate eight irreversibility tests in terms of sensitivity with respect to several characteristics, including their degree of irreversibility and length. We show how tests yield at times contradictory results, including the false detection of irreversible dynamics in time-reversible systems with a frequency higher than expected by chance and how most of them detect a multi-scale irreversibility structure that is not present in the underlying data.
Surfactant Protein A Inhibits Human Rhinovirus C Binding and Infection of Airway Epithelial Cells from Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Tanyaratsrisakul Sasipa , Bochkov Yury A. , White Vanessa , Lee Heejung , Loeffler Jessica , Everman Jamie , Schiltz Allison M. , Freeman Kristy L. , Hamlington Katharine L. , Secor Elizabeth A. , Jackson Nathan D. , Chu Hong Wei , Liu Andrew H. , Ledford Julie G. , Kraft Monica , Seibold Max A. , Voelker Dennis R. , Numata Mari
Published: October 2024

Rhinovirus C (RV-C) infection can trigger asthma exacerbations in children and adults, and RV-C-induced wheezing illnesses in preschool children correlate with the development of childhood asthma. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays a critical role in regulating pulmonary innate immunity by binding to numerous respiratory pathogens. Mature SP-A consists of multiple isoforms that form the hetero-oligomers of SP-A1 and SP-A2, organized in 18-mers. In this report, we examined the efficacy of SP-A to antagonize RV-C infection using the wild-type (RV-C15) and reporter-expressing (RV-C15-GFP) viruses in differentiated nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. We also determined the antiviral mechanism of action of SP-A on RV-C15 infection. The native SP-A was purified from alveolar proteinosis patients. The recombinant (r) SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants were expressed in FreeStyle™ 293-F cells. SP-A reduced the fluorescent focus-forming units (FFUs) after RV-C15-GFP infection of NECs by 99%. Both simultaneous and 4 h post-infection treatment with SP-A inhibited RV-C15 and RV-C15-GFP viral RNA load by 97%. In addition, the antiviral genes and chemokines (IFN-λ, IRF-7, MDA-5, and CXLC11) were not induced in the infected NECs due to the inhibition of RV-C propagation by SP-A. Furthermore, SP-A bound strongly to RV-C15 in a dose- and Ca2+-dependent manner, and this interaction inhibited RV-C15 binding to NECs. In contrast, rSP-A1 did not bind to solid-phase RV-C15, whereas the rSP-A2 variants, [A91, K223] and [P91, Q223], had strong binding affinities to RV-C15, similar to native SP-A. This study demonstrates that SP-A might have potential as an antiviral for RV infection and RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
RNA-Seq Reveals Transcriptome Changes Following Zika Virus Infection in Fetal Brains in c-Flip Knockdown Mice
Authors: Xie Ting , Chen Qiqi , Li Nina , Zhang Shengze , Zhu Lin , Bai Shaohui , Zha Haolu , Tian Weijian , Luo Chuming , Wu Nan , Zou Xuan , Fang Shisong , Shu Yuelong , Yuan Jianhui , Jiang Ying , Luo Huanle
Published: October 2024

The FADD-like interleukin-1β converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. However, the complete transcriptional profile altered by the c-FLIP is not fully understood. Furthermore, the impact of the c-FLIP deficiency on the transcriptome during a Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, which induces apoptosis and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we compared transcriptome profiles between wild-type (WT) and the c-Flip heterozygous knockout mice (c-Flip+/−) fetal heads at embryonic day 13.5 from control and PBS-infected WT dams mated with c-Flip+/− sires. In the non-infected group, we observed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly involved in embryonic development and neuron development. However, the ZIKV infection significantly altered the transcriptional profile between WT and the c-Flip+/− fetal heads. DEGs in pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-related signaling pathways, such as the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, were enriched. Moreover, the DEGs were also enriched in T cells, indicating that the c-FLIP participates in both innate and adaptive immune responses upon viral infection. Furthermore, our observations indicate that DEGs are associated with sensory organ development and eye development, suggesting a potential role for the c-FLIP in ZIKV-induced organ development defects. Overall, we have provided a comprehensive transcriptional profile for the c-FLIP and its modulation during a ZIKV infection.
The Effects of Viral Structural Proteins on Acidic Phospholipids in Host Membranes
Authors: de Souza Cardoso Ricardo , Ono Akira
Published: October 2024

Enveloped viruses rely on host membranes for trafficking and assembly. A substantial body of literature published over the years supports the involvement of cellular membrane lipids in the enveloped virus assembly processes. In particular, the knowledge regarding the relationship between viral structural proteins and acidic phospholipids has been steadily increasing in recent years. In this review, we will briefly review the cellular functions of plasma membrane-associated acidic phospholipids and the mechanisms that regulate their local distribution within this membrane. We will then explore the interplay between viruses and the plasma membrane acidic phospholipids in the context of the assembly process for two enveloped viruses, the influenza A virus (IAV) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Among the proteins encoded by these viruses, three viral structural proteins, IAV hemagglutinin (HA), IAV matrix protein-1 (M1), and HIV-1 Gag protein, are known to interact with acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and/or phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. These interactions regulate the localization of the viral proteins to and/or within the plasma membrane and likely facilitate the clustering of the proteins. On the other hand, these viral proteins, via their ability to multimerize, can also alter the distribution of the lipids and may induce acidic-lipid-enriched membrane domains. We will discuss the potential significance of these interactions in the virus assembly process and the property of the progeny virions. Finally, we will outline key outstanding questions that need to be answered for a better understanding of the relationships between enveloped virus assembly and acidic phospholipids.
Increased Susceptibility of Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats to Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Challenge Despite Its Distinct Tropism for Gut Epithelia in Bats
Authors: Mohl Björn-Patrick , Blaurock Claudia , Breithaupt Angele , Riek Alexander , Speakman John R. , Hambly Catherine , Bokelmann Marcel , Pei Gang , Sadeghi Balal , Dorhoi Anca , Balkema-Buschmann Anne
Published: October 2024

Increasing evidence suggests bats are the ancestral hosts of the majority of coronaviruses. In general, coronaviruses primarily target the gastrointestinal system, while some strains, especially Betacoronaviruses with the most relevant representatives SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, also cause severe respiratory disease in humans and other mammals. We previously reported the susceptibility of Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian fruit bats) to intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we compared their permissiveness to an oral infection versus respiratory challenge (intranasal or orotracheal) by assessing virus shedding, host immune responses, tissue-specific pathology, and physiological parameters. While respiratory challenge with a moderate infection dose of 1 × 104 TCID50 caused a systemic infection with oral and nasal shedding of replication-competent virus, the oral challenge only induced nasal shedding of low levels of viral RNA. Even after a challenge with a higher infection dose of 1 × 106 TCID50, no replication-competent virus was detectable in any of the samples of the orally challenged bats. We postulate that SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated by HCl and digested by pepsin in the stomach of R. aegyptiacus, thereby decreasing the efficiency of an oral infection. Therefore, fecal shedding of RNA seems to depend on systemic dissemination upon respiratory infection. These findings may influence our general understanding of the pathophysiology of coronavirus infections in bats.
Prolonged Visual Evoked Potential Latencies in Dogs Naturally Infected with Canine Distemper Virus
Authors: Gutiérrez Mary , Delucchi Luis , Bielli Alejandro , Verdes José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Canine distemper (CD) is a deadly, multi-system infection caused by a Morbillivirus. The canine distemper virus (CDV) frequently affects the nervous system with demyelinating leukoencephalitis, the most common neurological lesion. The disease has been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans due to similar clinical presentation and pathophysiological mechanisms. In MS, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been identified as a reliable marker for disease progression, enabling the early detection of clinically suspected lesions. The aim of this study was to determine if there are any abnormalities in VEP responses in dogs with neurological CD. Visual evoked potentials and electroretinogram (ERG) were recorded at both the cranial and spinal levels in dogs naturally infected with CDV and in healthy dogs. The results in the CDV-infected group revealed a bilateral increase in the latency of N1, P1, N2, P2, and N3 waves of the VEPs, without any alterations in their amplitudes. No significant differences were observed in the ERG between the groups. These results suggest that altered VEP responses could serve as an early diagnostic indicator of neurological damage caused by distemper. Therefore, conducting these studies could potentially aid in the detection of central nervous conduction disorders during the subclinical phases of the disease.
Genome-Wide Analysis of p53 Targets Reveals SCN2A as a Novel Player in p53-Induced Cell Arrest in HPV-Positive Cells
Authors: Zhang Yudi , Liu Yi , Xing Xueyan , Liu Haibin , Guan Wuxiang
Published: October 2024

The host transcription factor p53 is a critical tumor suppressor in HPV-induced carcinogenesis, regulating target genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the p53 targets have not been thoroughly analyzed in HPV-infected cells. In this study, p53 signaling in HPV16 and HPV18 cells was activated by depleting the viral oncoprotein E6. Subsequently, p53-regulated genes were identified by comparing them with genes altered in p53-silenced cells. True p53 targets were defined as genes with at least one overlapping p53 binding site and ChIP peak near their locus. Our analysis revealed that while some p53 targets were common to both the HPV16 and HPV18 cells, the majority of the targets differed between these two types, potentially contributing to the varying prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer. Additionally, we identified SCN2A as a novel p53 target involved in p53-induced cell cycle arrest in HPV-related carcinogenesis. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which p53 inhibits HPV-induced carcinogenesis.
Metode Simple Additive Weighting Untuk Menentukan Jumlah Persedian Stok Obat Tbc Pada Puskesmas Bagan Asahan
Authors: Sela Dhea , Hasugian Abdul Halim
Published: October 2024

Ketersediaan obat yang memadai sangat penting dalam menjaga kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Bagan Asahan, terutama untuk penanganan penyakit TBC. Salah satu tantangan utama yang dihadapi adalah menentukan jumlah stok obat TBC yang tepat guna mencegah terjadinya kekurangan atau kelebihan stok, yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas pelayanan kepada pasien. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) yang diterapkan dalam sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis web. Sistem ini dirancang untuk membantu dalam menentukan jumlah kebutuhan stok obat secara akurat berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan dari Puskesmas Bagan Asahan. Data yang dianalisis mencakup permintaan obat pada bulan sebelumnya dan jumlah stok akhir obat. Melalui metode SAW, data tersebut diolah untuk menghasilkan peringkat obat dan memprioritaskan pengisian stok yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan sistem yang tidak hanya efisien dan terstruktur, tetapi juga membantu petugas kesehatan dalam mengelola persediaan obat secara optimal, sehingga meningkatkan akurasi dalam pengisian stok dan efisiensi dalam proses pengadaan obat. Hasil pengujian melalui simulasi dan analisis data nyata menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini mampu memberikan rekomendasi yang lebih akurat untuk pengelolaan stok obat. Selain itu, sistem ini mampu menghasilkan laporan stok secara berkala, yang dapat digunakan oleh manajemen puskesmas untuk membuat keputusan pengadaan obat secara tepat dan efisien.
الحرية الاقتصادية وتحويلات المهاجرين: دراسة تطبيقية عن البلدان الآسيوية المصدرة للعمالة
Authors: عريفة علي سالم , السقا محمد إبراهيم
Published: October 2024

تتناول هذه الورقة بالدرس العوامل التي تحدد تدفقات تحويلات المهاجرين المالية إلى بلدانهم الأصلية، استناداً إلى بيانات تتعلق بعينة من ثماني دول آسيوية. وتنقسم هذه العوامل إلى فئتين، أولاهما ما يعكس أهم المتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية، وثانيتهما ما يؤشر على طبيعة المؤسسات والتطور المؤسساتي المقيس من خلال التطور في هامش الحرية الاقتصادية في الدول المصدرة للعمالة. ويتم اختبار مجموعة من الفرضيات حول التطور المؤسساتي بقياس ثلاثة متغيرات للحرية الاقتصادية ("الحرية المالية، و"الحرية النقدية"، والحرية التمويلية")، ومدى تأثيرها على تدفقات التحويلات المالية. وتشير الأدلة إشارة واضحة إلى أن هامش الحرية الاقتصادية بهذا المنظور يؤثر تأثيراً إيجابياًّ على تدفقات التحويلات إلى البلدان المصدرة للعمالة.
مرونة سلسلة التزويد في المنظمات الصناعية الأردنية: دراسة ميدانية
Authors: الحوري سليمان إبراهيم , الجوازنة بهجت عيد
Published: October 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى مستوى مرونة سلاسل التزويد في المنظمات الأردنية العاملة في مجالي الالبسة والأدوية، وتمثلت أبعاد المرونة لسلسة التزويد في: (مرونة المنتج، الحجم، التسليم، التوريد، الاستجابة للسوق المستهدف، تقديم المنتج، نظم المعلومات)، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع مديري منظمات الألبسة والأدوية الأردنية المدرجة في سوق عمان المالية والبالغ عددهم (٦٤) مديراً. وقد تم توزيع الاستبانة على جميع أفراد مجتمع الدراسة، واسترجع منها (٤٩) استبانة صالحة للتحليل الإحصائي، واستخدم برنامج SPSS للإجابة عن تساؤلات الدراسة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن مستوى مرونة سلاسل التزويد عالية في منظمات صناعة الألبسة والأدوية الأردنية، حيث بلغت (٣,٦٠) أعلى مستوى في مرونة تقديم المنتج، فتبين أن الشركات المُصَنعِة للألبسة والأدوية الأردنية تمتلك القدرة على التعاون والتنسيق لتقديم منتجات جديدة كاملة ومتنوعة وبسرعة عالية، إضافة لقدرتها على تقليص دورة تطوير المنتجات الجديدة، بينما بلغت مستوى المرونة ادناها في مرونة المنتج، حيث تبين إن تلك الشركات تمتلك القدرة على إنتاج منتجات ذات مزايا وخيارات وأحجام والوان مختلفة تعمل على تلبية المواصفات الخاصة لكل (عميل).
Synthetic Breast Ultrasound Images: A Study to Overcome Medical Data Sharing Barriers
Authors: Xu JiaLe , Hua Qing , Jia XiaoHong , Zheng YuHang , Hu Qiao , Bai BaoYan , Miao Juan , Zhu LiSha , Zhang MeiXiang , Tao RuoLin , Li YuHeng , Luo Ting , Xie Jun , Zheng XueBin , Gu PengChen , Xing FengYuan , He Chuan , Song YanYan , Dong YiJie , Xia ShuJun , Zhou JianQiao
Published: October 2024

The vast potential of medical big data to enhance healthcare outcomes remains underutilized due to privacy concerns, which restrict cross-center data sharing and the construction of diverse, large-scale datasets. To address this challenge, we developed a deep generative model aimed at synthesizing medical data to overcome data sharing barriers, with a focus on breast ultrasound (US) image synthesis. Specifically, we introduce CoLDiT, a conditional latent diffusion model with a transformer backbone, to generate US images of breast lesions across various Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories. Using a training dataset of 9,705 US images from 5,243 patients across 202 hospitals with diverse US systems, CoLDiT generated breast US images without duplicating private information, as confirmed through nearest-neighbor analysis. Blinded reader studies further validated the realism of these images, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) scores ranging from 0.53 to 0.77. Additionally, synthetic breast US images effectively augmented the training dataset for BI-RADS classification, achieving performance comparable to that using an equal-sized training set comprising solely real images (
P
= 0.81 for AUC). Our findings suggest that synthetic data, such as CoLDiT-generated images, offer a viable, privacy-preserving solution to facilitate secure medical data sharing and advance the utilization of medical big data.
A Cellulose Ionogel with Rubber-Like Stretchability for Low-Grade Heat Harvesting
Authors: Long Qian , Jiang Geyuan , Zhou Jianfei , Zhao Dawei , Yu Haipeng
Published: October 2024

Achieving rubber-like stretchability in cellulose ionogels presents a substantial challenge due to the intrinsically extended chain configuration of cellulose. Inspired by the molecular configuration of natural rubber, we address this challenge by using cyanoethyl as a substitute for 1.5 hydroxyl on the D-glucose unit of cellulose. This strategy innovatively triggers the transformation of cellulose molecules into a coiled chain configuration, facilitating the creation of an ultra-stretchable ionogel free from any petrochemical polymers. The resultant ionogel demonstrates mechanical ductility comparable to that of a rubber band, achieving an elongation strain of nearly 1,000% while maintaining a tensile strength of up to 1.8 MPa and exhibiting a biomodulus akin to that of human skin, recorded at 63 kPa. Additionally, this stretchable ionogel presents skin-like self-healing behavior, favorable biocompatibility, and noteworthy thermoelectric properties, highlighted by a Seebeck coefficient of approximately 68 mV K
−1
. This study delineates a feasible molecular approach for developing stretchable ionogels from biomass resources, potentially revolutionizing self-powered stretchable electronics for integration with human tissues and skin.
Terahertz Wave Alleviates Comorbidity Anxiety in Pain by Reducing the Binding Capacity of Nanostructured Glutamate Molecules to GluA2
Authors: Song Zihua , Sun Yuankun , Liu Pan , Ruan Hao , He Yuanyuan , Yin Junkai , Xiao Chun , Ma Jing , Yu Yun , Wang Shaomeng , Gong Yubin , Lin Z. W. , Zhang Zhi , Chang Chao , Yang Maojun
Published: October 2024

Comorbid anxiety in chronic pain is clinically common, with a comorbidity rate of over 50%. The main treatments are based on pharmacological, interventional, and implantable approaches, which have limited efficacy and carry a risk of side effects. Here, we report a terahertz (THz, 10
12
Hz) wave stimulation (THS) technique, which exerts nonthermal, long-term modulatory effects on neuronal activity by reducing the binding between nano-sized glutamate molecules and GluA2, leading to the relief of pain and comorbid anxiety-like behaviors in mice. In mice with co-occurring anxiety and chronic pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection, hyperactivity was observed in glutamatergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC
Glu
). Using whole-cell recording in ACC slices, we demonstrated that THS (34 THz) effectively inhibited the excitability of ACC
Glu
. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations showed that THS reduced the number of hydrogen bonds bound between glutamate molecules and GluA2. Furthermore, THS target to the ACC in CFA-treatment mice suppressed ACC
Glu
hyperactivity and, as a result, alleviated pain and anxiety-like behaviors. Consistently, inhibition of ACC
Glu
hyperactivity by chemogenetics mimics THS-induced antinociceptive and antianxiety behavior. Together, our study provides evidence for THS as an intervention technique for modulating neuronal activity and a viable clinical treatment strategy for pain and comorbid anxiety.
Understanding the Politics of Food Regulation and Public Health: An Analysis of Codex Standard-Setting Processes on Food Labelling
Authors: Boatwright Monique , Lawrence Mark , Carriedo Angela , Slater Scott , McCoy David , Northcott Tanita , Baker Phillip
Published: October 2024

Background: The importance of the international food regulatory system to global health, is often overlooked. There are calls to reform this system to promote healthy and sustainable food systems centred on the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), the United Nation’s (UN’s) standard-setting body. Yet this presents a significant political challenge, given Codex has historically prioritized food safety risks over wider harms to public health, and is dominated by powerful food exporting nations and industry groups with a primary interest in trade expansion. To better understand this challenge, we examine who participates and contests Codex standards, using the development of the new Guidelines on Front-of-pack Nutrition Labelling (FOPNL) as a case study. Methods: The study involved: (i) collecting Codex Committee on Food Labelling (CCFL) documents (2016-2023); (ii) identification, categorization, and enumeration of actors involved in the development of the Guidelines; and (iii) guided by a constructivist framework, analysis of how actors framed and contested key provisions of the Guidelines. Results: Country representation was skewed towards high-income (47.9%). Member state delegations were dominated by non-health ministries (59.8%) and industry actors (16.1%). Industry actors comprised the large majority of observers (84.2%) and civil society actors representing public health interests the least (12.2%). Commercial actors used frames supporting positive FOPNL messages (eg, low in salt) opposing negative ones (eg, "high-in" sugar warnings) and called for product exemptions (eg, sports foods and baby foods). Public health actors used frames supporting simplified FOPNL to reduce consumer confusion, that hold up public health goals, and prevent inappropriate marketing. Conclusion: Participation in the Guidelines development process suggests stronger preferences for trade facilitation and commerce over public health. Ambitions to reform the international food regulatory system may require an examination of who participates and how to address this asymmetrical representation of interests. These results suggest the need to greatly strengthen public health representation at Codex.
FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT DIFFERENCES IN STUDENTS' COMPUTATIONAL THINKING
Authors: Hương Nguyễn Nguyên , Hà Hồ Cẩm , Trung Nguyễn Chí
Published: October 2024

Thời đại công nghệ phát triển, các nhà giáo dục tại các nước tiên tiến tiến hành nghiên cứu tư duy máy tính giúp các thế hệ tiếp theo đạt được nó như một kỹ năng thiết yếu. Nhận thức tầm quan trọng của tư duy máy tính, Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo Việt Nam coi đó là một trong những mục tiêu của chương trình giáo dục mới. Khi các nghiên cứu ứng dụng về loại hình tư duy này tại Việt Nam còn hạn chế, bài báo này sẽ giúp khám phá mức độ tư duy máy tính của học sinh, phân tích và dự đoán những nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến sự khác biệt trong khả năng tư duy của các em. Chúng tôi đã thực hiện các khảo sát xây dựng dựa trên hai bài kiểm tra Tư duy máy tính và Năng lực Tư duy máy tính trong 4 tháng, ở hai nhóm học sinh (7-9 tuổi và 10-15 tuổi) tại 3 tỉnh thành khác nhau. Phân tích, chỉ ra một số nguyên nhân gây khác biệt có thể kiểm soát được sẽ là tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích nhằm xác định phương pháp dạy học phát triển tư duy máy tính.
USING DIGITAL STORYTELLING TO IMPROVE GRADE 6 STUDENTS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Chuyên Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Thiện Đào Duy
Published: October 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích khảo sát tác động của việc ứng dụng kể chuyện số vào dạy học trong việc nâng cao kỹ năng nghe hiểu cho học sinh lớp 6 tại một Trường Tiểu học và THCS thuộc một tỉnh miền núi ở Việt Nam. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu bao gồm (1) Xác định xem kể chuyện kỹ thuật số tác động như thế nào đến khả năng nghe hiểu của học sinh lớp 6; (2) Xác định thái độ của học sinh đối với việc sử dụng kể chuyện kỹ thuật số để nâng cao kỹ năng nghe hiểu. Thiết kế nghiên cứu là nghiên cứu hành động với sự tham gia trực tiếp của nhà nghiên cứu và 38 học sinh lớp 6A. Bảng câu hỏi và bài kiểm tra được sử dụng làm công cụ thu thập dữ liệu phục vụ cho mục đích nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy kể chuyện kĩ thuật số có hiệu quả trong việc nâng cao khả năng nghe hiểu cho học sinh và học sinh có thái độ tích cực đối với việc sử dụng các hoạt động kể chuyện kĩ thuật số nhằm nâng cao khả năng nghe hiểu của mình. Thông qua cách tiếp cận tương tác dựa trên câu truyện bằng việc sử dụng kể chuyện kĩ thuật số, học sinh có thể dễ dàng và hứng thú trong phát triển khả năng nghe hiểu của mình, từ đó chuẩn bị cho các cấp độ học ngôn ngữ nâng cao hơn.
GIẢI PHÁP NÂNG CAO KỸ NĂNG GIAO TIẾP CHO SINH VIÊN CHUYÊN NGÀNH HÀN QUỐC HỌC, TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC ĐÀ LẠT
Authors: Loan Lưu Khánh , Phương Dương Thị Thanh
Published: October 2024

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm tìm hiểu tình hình thực tế trong việc nâng cao kỹ năng giao tiếp của các sinh viên chuyên ngành Hàn Quốc học, từ đó đề ra một vài giải pháp nhằm khắc phục những hạn chế còn tồn đọng trong việc đào tạo và cải thiện kỹ năng giao tiếp tiếng Hàn Quốc cho sinh viên. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện theo phương pháp hỗn hợp, trong đó kết hợp sử dụng cả hai phương pháp thu thập tài liệu là khảo sát và phỏng vấn sâu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, đa số người học gặp nhiều khó khăn trong việc cải thiện và nâng cao kỹ năng giao tiếp tiếng Hàn Quốc, thiếu tính chủ động trong các hoạt động giao tiếp, tính ứng dụng của các nội dung được học dù khá cao nhưng thực tế hiệu quả ứng dụng còn thấp. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, nhóm tác giả đề xuất một số giải pháp như: (1) kết hợp với những nội dung văn hoá – xã hội song song với việc cung cấp những kiến thức về mặt ngôn ngữ; (2) thiết kế giờ học để người học có thể tập trung hơn nữa cho các hình thức luyện tập kỹ năng giao tiếp mang tính hai chiều, có tiếp thu và có diễn đạt; (3) bồi đắp sự chủ động trong giao tiếp cho người học thông qua các hoạt động nhóm, câu lạc bộ nhằm tạo môi trường giao tiếp thường xuyên hơn.
NHỮNG GIÁ TRỊ TIẾP CẬN TỪ TRIẾT LÍ GIÁO DỤC HỒ CHÍ MINH ĐỐI VỚI ĐỔI MỚI GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO Ở VIỆT NAM HIỆN NAY
Authors: Hương Dương Thị , Quyên Lê Thị Kim
Published: October 2024

Triết lí giáo dục Hồ Chí Minh có ý nghĩa quan trọng trở thành nền tảng xây dựng đường lối, chính sách giáo dục của Đảng và Nhà nước ta, có vai trò là “kim chỉ nam” định hướng hướng sự nghiệp đổi mới giáo dục ở Việt Nam hiện nay. Bằng phương pháp luận biện chứng duy vật và các phương pháp: trừu tượng hóa, phân tích và tổng hợp, lôgíc - lịch sử, quy nạp và diễn dịch, bài viết đã làm rõ những giá trị triết lí giáo dục Hồ Chí Minh đối với đổi mới giáo dục và đào tạo ở Việt Nam hiện nay. Bài viết đã nghiên cứu có hệ thống nội dung triết lí giáo dục Hồ Chí Minh, nghiên cứu, phân tích thực trạng giáo dục và đào tạo Việt Nam, đồng thời làm sáng tỏ một số giá trị từ triết lí giáo dục Hồ Chí Minh đối với đổi mới căn bản và toàn diện giáo dục và đào tạo ở Việt Nam hiện nay.
GRAMMATICAL CHALLENGES IN WRITTEN ENGLISH: A STUDY OF COMMON ERRORS AMONG VIETNAMESE LEARNERS
Authors: Đức Lê Thị Kim
Published: October 2024

Nghiên cứu này đi sâu vào những lỗi ngữ pháp điển hình của học sinh Việt Nam khi viết bằng tiếng Anh, nhằm mục đích làm rõ những khó khăn ngôn ngữ cụ thể mà các em gặp phải. Được thực hiện với 57 sinh viên năm thứ nhất với nhiều chuyên ngành khác nhau tại một trường đại học ở Việt Nam, nghiên cứu này kiểm tra các cấp độ kỹ năng tiếng Anh khác nhau, từ người mới bắt đầu đến những sinh viên khá thành thạo. Những sinh viên tham gia đã hoàn thành bài đánh giá ngữ pháp bằng văn bản để kiểm tra khả năng nắm bắt các yếu tố ngữ pháp quan trọng như thì của động từ, cách sử dụng mạo từ, giới từ, dạng số nhiều, sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ và cấu trúc câu. Thông qua cả phân tích định lượng và định tính, nghiên cứu đã phát hiện ra các xu hướng sai lầm phổ biến, với những khó khăn cụ thể được thấy trong việc duy trì thì động từ và sử dụng giới từ. Những kết quả này nhấn mạnh những khó khăn mà người học Việt Nam đang gặp phải với ngữ pháp, đồng thời đưa ra những hiểu biết quan trọng có thể giúp phát triển các phương pháp giảng dạy cụ thể nhằm nâng cao kỹ năng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИИ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ВО ВРЕМЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors: Л.З. Аликенова , М.Ж. Еспенбетова , К.Ш. Амренова , С.Б. Амангельдинова
Published: October 2024

В обзоре обсуждается функциональные особенности щитовидной железы, в процессе физиологически протекающей беременности, в частности в отдельные ее сроки. Влияние йодной недостаточности и радиоактивных эффектов на функциональное состояние щитовидной железы у беременных женщин. Влияние патологии щитовидной железы на беременность, плод и саму беременную женщину. Так же обсуждаются методы коррекции различных патологических изменений функции щитовидной железы в период гестации, так как они могут привести к невынашиванию беременности и патологии плода и новорожденного. Профилактические мероприятия для женщин, проживающих в регионе йодного дефицита на этапе планирования беременности, а так же индивидуальная йодная профилактика во время всей беременности и в периоде грудного вскармливания.

This review contains discusses of functional properties of the thyroid gland during the physiological pregnancy, particularly during in its different periods. Influence of iodine insufficiency and radioactive effects on the functional status of the pregnant women’s thyroid gland. Influence of the pathology of the thyroid gland on pregnancy, a fetus and a pregnant woman. Also, methods of correction of various pathological changes of functions of the thyroid gland during the gestation are discussed, as they can lead tohabitual miscarriage and to the pathology of the newborn. Preventive measures for the women living in the region of iodine deficiency at the pregnancy planning stage and individual iodine prevention, during the all pregnancy period and in the breastfeeding period.

Шолуда физиологиялық ағымдағы жүктілік процессінде, атап айтқанда оның жеке айы–күнінде қалқанша бездің функционалдық ерекшеліктері талқыланады. Жүкті әйелдер-дегі қалқанша бездің функционалды жағдай-ына йодты жетіспеушіліктің және радио-белсенді әсерлердің ықпалы. Жүктілікке, ұрыққа және жүкті әйелдің өзіне қалқанша без патологиясының әсері. Сол сияқты гестация кезіндегі қалқанша без қызметтерінің әртүрлі патологиялық өзгерістерін түзету әдістері талқыланады, өйткені олар жүктілікті аяғына дейін көтермеуге және ұрықтың және нәрестенің патологиясына әкелуі мүмкін. Йод жетіспеушілігі аумағында тұратын әйелдер үшін жүктілікті жоспарлау кезеңінде алдын алу іс–шаралары, сол сияқты барлық жүктілік кезінде және емізу мерзімінде жеке йодтық алдын алу.
ИНТРААБДОМИНАЛЬНАЯ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЯ И КОМПАРТМЕНТ-СИНДРОМ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors: Д.Н. Матюшко , Е.М. Тургунов , А. Злотник
Published: October 2024

В статье представлен обзор литературы, посвященный интраабдоминальной гипертензии и компартмент-синдрому. На основании анализа современных книг, изданий, публикаций, мнений отечественных и зарубежных учёных в статье поднимаются такие до настоящего времени спорные вопросы в этой области, как: величина внутрибрюшного давления, способы и устройства измерения внутрибрюшного давления, теоретические и практические «границы» между интраабдоминальной гипертензией и компартмент-синдромом, а также причины развития, классификация, патофизиологические механизмы, клиническая картина, лечение и профилактика этих двух состояний

The article presents a review of literature devoted to the intraabdominal hypertension and compartment syndrome. Based on the analysis of current books, publications, the views of domestic and foreign scientists in the article authors raises such controversial issues in this area now, as: value of intraabdominal pressure, methods and devices of measurement of intraabdominal pressure, theoretical and practical "border" between the intraabdominal hypertension and compartment syndrome, and also the reasons of development, classification, pathophysiology, clinic, treatment and prevention of these two pathosis.

Мақалада интраабдоминалдықгипертензия жәнекомпартмент-синдромынаарналған әдебиеттер ұсынылған. Қазіргікітаптардың, басылымдардың, жарияланымдардың анализдары бойынша отандық және шетелдік ғалымдарының ой-пікірлері осы күнге дейін даулы сұрақтары болып табылады, олар: ішек қуыс қысым мөлшері, ішек қуыс қысымының өлшеуші құрылымы және әдісі, интраабдоминалды қысым және компартмент-синдром арасындағы теориялық және тәжірибелік «шекара», сондай-ақ осы екі күйінің даму себептері, классификациясы, патофизиологиялық тетіктері, клиникалық суреттері, емі және профилактикасы.
ДЕНСАУЛЫҚ САҚТАУ ЖҮЙЕСIН ҚАЙТА ҚҰРУ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫ ЖЕТIЛДIРУ ЖОЛДАРЫ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДА АЛҒАШҚЫ МЕДИЦИНАЛЫҚ-САНИТАРЛЫҚ КӨМЕК МЕКЕМЕЛЕРІНДЕ АЛДЫН АЛУ ЖҰМЫСТАРЫН ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУ: ӘДЕБИЕТТЕРДІ ШОЛУ
Authors: И.Н. Ордабаева , Ф.С. Рахимжанова , Н.М. Рахимжанов
Published: October 2024

Бұл мақалада дансаулық сақтау саласындағы өткен ғасырдың 20-шы жылдарынан бастап алдын алу жұмыстарының ұйымдастырылуының ерекшелігі мен жетілдірілуіне арналған әдебиетке шолу жазылған.

The paper provided an overview of the literary features and improving the organization of preventive work with the 20 years of the last century in the health sector.

В статье предоставлен литературный обзор особенности и совершенствования организаций профилактической работы с 20-х лет прошлого века в сфере здравоохранения.
ПОПЕРЕЧНЫЕ (ОДНОМОМЕНТНЫЕ) ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИИ
Authors: А.М. Гржибовский , С.В. Иванов
Published: October 2024

В настоящей работе представлены основные принципы планирования, проведения и статистической обработки данных поперечных (одномоментных) исследований в здравоохранении. Приведены практические примеры расчета размера выборки и оценки связи между факторами риска с помощью онлайн-калькуляторов и пакета для обработки эпидемиологических данных Epi Info. Авторы представляют практические примеры использования поперечных исследований в литературе, а также достоинства и недостатки данного типа исследований. Настоящая статья призвана дать общие сведения о поперечных исследованиях, и не заменяет прочтения специализированной литературы по клинической эпидемиологии.

In this paper we present basic principles of planning and carrying out cross-sectional studies in health sciences as well as analyzing the data collected in these studies. We present practical examples of sample size and effect measures calculation for cross-sectional studies using online calculators and Epi Info software. Examples of studies using cross-sectional design from international peer-reviewed literature are also presented. This article provides general introduction to cross-sectional studies and does not substitute specialized literature in clinical epidemiology.

Осы жұмыста денсаулық сақтаудағы көлденең (бірсәттік) мәліметтерді жоспарлау, өткізу және статистикалық өңдеудің негізгі принциптері көрсетілген. Epi Info эпидемиологиялық мәліметтерді өңдеу үшін онлайн-калькуляторлар мен пакет көмегімен қауіп факторлары арасындағы байланысты таңдау және бағалау мөлшері есебінің практикалық мысалдары келтірілген. Авторлар әдебиеттегі көлденең зерттеулерді пайдаланудың практикалық мысалдарын, сол сияқты осы зерттеу түрлері қасиеттері мен жетіспеушіліктерін келтіреді. Осы мақала көлденең зерттеулер туралы жалпы мәліметтер беруге бейімделген, және клиникалық эпидемиология бойынша мамандандырылған әдебиетті оқуды ауыстырмайды.