bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Problem-Based Hybrid Learning (PBHL) Models on Spatial Thinking Ability and Geography Learning Outcomes
Authors: Amin Saiful , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Bachri Syamsul , Susilo Singgih , Bashith Abdul
Published: October 2020

PBHL is a learning model that combines PBL with hybrid learning. This study aims to 1) determine the effect of the PBHL model on spatial thinking ability and 2) determine the effect of the PBHL model on geography learning outcomes. This study uses a quasi-experimental design of the pretest-posttest control group. The research subjects were students of the Social Sciences Education Program, Uni-versitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. The selection of research subjects uses purposive sampling and obtained the experimental class (32 students) and the control class (28 students). This study uses the instrument of spatial thinking ability adopted from Huynh and Sharpe in the form of multiple choice tests and the instrument of learning outcomes assessment in the form of essay tests. Data were analyzed with an independent sample t-test which was previously tested for normality and homogeneity prerequisites. The results of the study concluded that 1) the PBHL model had a significant effect on spatial think-ing ability and 2) the PBHL model had a significant effect on geography learning outcomes. The average gain score of spatial thinking ability and geography learn-ing outcomes in the experimental class is higher than the control class. Sugges-tions for further research with different subjects and variables, integrated e-learning application should be used to make the planning and implementation of PBHL learning easier and more successful.
Interpreting the Cultural and Academic Experiences of PhD Students from the Indian Sub-Continent and the Chinese Regions in Australian Universities
Authors: Latif Yasir , Harrison Neil , Chu Hye-Eun
Published: October 2020

This study aims to identify factors that can improve the cultural and academic experiences of East Asian PhD students attending Australian universities. We focus on two key aspects of students’ academic performance in Australia: a sense of belonging and learning strategies applied by international students in Australian higher education. A systematic literature review is conducted to design a framework that can be applied to better understand the cultural and academic experiences of students from the two regions. The application of this framework highlights, how students from these regions are better equipped to succeed in research degrees in Australian universities when they know and understand the culturally appropriate learning strategies applied in the Australian higher education context and when they are supported to develop a new sense of belonging within the academic and wider culture. Paper concludes that a sense of belonging with Australian culture helps international to attain good cultural and academic experiences. In terms of learning strategies, a scientific learning strategy is more effective for East Asian PhD students from Chinese and the Indian sub-continent than participative learning strategies, adaptive learning strategies, and artistic learning strategies. This study suggests the Australian research supervisors must communicate East Asian PhD students to attain a sense of belonging with Australian academic culture and to follow the scientific learning strategy. Future East Asian PhD students should understand the Australian academic culture to avoid cultural shock during PhD candidature. Future researchers should verify the theoretically designed through qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method research design.
Identifying Factors That Influence Pressure Ulcers by Numerical Simulation and Experimentation Methods
Authors: Bui He-Thong , Nguyen Le-Van , Tran Ho Anh-Ngoc , Tao Quang-Bang , Ngo Thanh-Nghi
Published: October 2020

This paper studies the factors that cause the development of pressure ulcers (PUs) and identify the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs). After presenting the context of pressure ulcers (PUs), we will provide a summary of the causes of pressure ulcers (PUs) formation, which were published in the literature. Then, we will study the investigative processes using numerical simulations and experiments to evaluate the factors that influence the development of pressure ulcers (PUs). The purpose of this research will provide the preventive measures and appropriate treatments for people using a wheelchair or those with disabilities. The results of this study contribute to the prediction of factors that can cause pressure ulcers to improve comfort seating and the quality of life for people with disabilities.
Analyzing Student’s Learning Interests in the Implementation of Blended Learning Using Data Mining
Authors: Ariyanto Yuri , Harijanto Budi , Asri Atiqah Nurul
Published: October 2020

Blended Learning combines teaching and learning activities in the classroom and online teaching. In its implementation, this learning method requires a lot of data. One of them is the student's online test score data which can be used as an evaluation of learning. For this reason, in this study, data mining is used to determine the results of online student examinations as well as to determine student interest in learning about the implementation of Blended Learning. Data mining techniques are used in the logs of online learning session results, so that one can assess the online learning system used. By assessing the system, it can be identified which students who have studied hard and those who have not studied in the online exam. The series data used are student test score data on the State Polytechnic of Malang Learning Management System (LMS). The student score dataset is arranged based on variables in the Educational Process Mining (EPM) Dataset of UCI, which are obtained from teacher’s assignments. In addition, data mining classification is used to determine student interest in learning towards blended learning. In the process of data mining, comparative analysis is carried out using the features of the RapidMiner tool to carry out the process of student data for training and data validation. This process uses several algorithms along with student data which is divided into two sets for training and validation. From the results of data mining calculations produce a classification with minimum errors. From the test, the resulting linear regression algorithm has RMSE 0.000 and SE 0.000, while the neural network algorithm has RMSE 0.525 and SE 0.275.
Dengue Risk Mapping from Geospatial Data Using GIS and Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Hnusuwan Benjawan , Kajornkasirat Siriwan , Puttinaovarat Supattra
Published: October 2020

Dengue fever is a major public health problem and has been an epidemic in Thailand for a long time. Therefore, there is a need to find a way to prevent the disease. This research aimed to explore the important factors of dengue fever, to study the factors affecting dengue hemorrhagic fever in Surat Thani Province, and to map the potential outbreak of dengue fever. Collecting patient information was done including, Rainfall, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), Population Density, and Patients in Surat Thani Province, which was analyzed using data mining techniques involving analysis using 3 algorithms comprising Random Forest, J48, and Random Tree. The correct result is Random Forest since the accuracy of the data is 96.7 percent followed by J48 with accuracy of 95.9 percent. The final sequence is Random Tree with accuracy of 93.5 percent. Then, using the information can be displayed through ArcGIS program to see the risk points that are compared to the risk areas that have been previously done. The results can be very risky in Mueang District, Kanchanadit District, and Don Sak District, corresponding to the information obtained from the Public Health Office and the risk map created from the patient information.
Study of Double-Edged Gun Drills with Different Edge Types in Drilling Compacted Graphite Iron
Authors: Ge W.L. , Chen L. , Shi X.R. , Wang Yong Guo
Published: October 2020

Deep-hole machining is an important part in the field of mechanical processing of diesel engine. Gun drill has been widely used in deep-hole machining because of its high dimensional accuracy, high efficiency and good straightness. Through experiments on drilling compacted graphite iron with two different edge types of double-edged gun drills, the spindle power, axial force and tool wear were analyzed and found out one edge type which is more suitable for processing compacted graphite iron. This paper presents a simulation of deep hole drilling to validate the analysis. The research results have important guiding significance for deep hole processing of compacted graphite iron.
Peptide Binding to HLA-E Molecules in Humans, Nonhuman Primates, and Mice Reveals Unique Binding Peptides but Remarkably Conserved Anchor Residues
Authors: Ruibal Paula , Franken Kees L. M. C. , van Meijgaarden Krista E. , van Loon Joeri J. F. , van der Steen Dirk , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Joosten Simone A.
Published: October 2020

Ag presentation via the nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E, with nearly complete identity between the two alleles expressed in humans, HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03, can lead to the activation of unconventional T cells in humans. Despite this virtual genetic monomorphism, differences in peptide repertoires binding to the two allelic variants have been reported. To further dissect and compare peptide binding to HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03, we used an UV-mediated peptide exchange binding assay and an HPLC-based competition binding assay. In addition, we investigated binding of these same peptides to Mamu-E, the nonhuman primate homologue of human HLA-E, and to the HLA-E–like molecule Qa-1b in mice. We next exploited the differences and homologies in the peptide binding pockets of these four molecules to identify allele specific as well as common features of peptide binding motifs across species. Our results reveal differences in peptide binding preferences and intensities for each human HLA-E variant compared with Mamu-E and Qa-1b. Using extended peptide libraries, we identified and refined the peptide binding motifs for each of the four molecules and found that they share main anchor positions, evidenced by conserved amino acid preferences across the four HLA-E molecules studied. In addition, we also identified differences in peptide binding motifs, which could explain the observed variations in peptide binding preferences and affinities for each of the four HLA-E–like molecules. Our results could help with guiding the selection of candidate pathogen-derived peptides with the capacity to target HLA-E–restricted T cells that could be mobilized in vaccination and immunotherapeutic strategies.
Psychosocial factors, disability and quality of life in chronic shoulder pain patients with central sensitization
Authors: Walankar Prachita P. , Panhale Vrushali P. , Patil Manali M.
Published: October 2020

Chronic shoulder pain is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causative factors involved in its perpetuation. Alteration of central nervous system processing along with the central sensitization is a predominant feature in chronic pain. Reduction in physical function has an impact on the psychological well-being of an individual. The aim of the study was to compare pain, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, disability and quality of life in chronic shoulder pain patients with and without central sensitization. Eighty chronic unilateral shoulder pain patients in the age group of 40 to 60 years were recruited. Of them, 38 were chronic shoulder pain with central sensitization and 42 without central sensitization, classified on the basis of central sensitization inventory. Pain catastrophizing was measured using the pain catastrophizing scale, kinesiophobia using Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, disability using Shoulder pain and disability index and quality of life using 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire was evaluated in both the groups. Increased pain catastrophizing (p=0.000), kinesiophobia (p=0.000) and disability (p=0.000) was observed in centrally sensitized chronic shoulder pain patients. Also, physical component summary (p=0.000) and mental component summary (p=0.000) of SF-36 quality of life were reduced in chronic shoulder pain with central sensitization as compared to without central sensitization. Hence, these components should be included during assessment which will provide a holistic and multimodal approach towards the understanding, planning and management of chronic shoulder pain patients.
The mediating role of alexithymia in the association between attachment styles and borderline personality symptomatology
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen
Published: October 2020

Attachment insecurity and alexithymia are assumed as the probable causes of emotional dysregulation in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The present study was designed and conducted to examine the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between attachment styles and Borderline Personality Symptomatology (BPS). In this crosssectional study, 153 patients with BPD were selected using stratified random sampling among outpatients referring to the psychiatric clinics in three major cities of Iran. Also, they were evaluated through the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS- 20), Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and BPD Severity Index (BPDSI). On-way ANOVA and then Scheffé post-hoc analysis revealed that the scores of BPS and TAS-20, together with the scores of preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing styles, were higher in the alexithymia group, whereas the scores of secure style were greater in the non-alexithymia group. Furthermore, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that alexithymia mediated the association between secure, preoccupied, and fearful styles and BPS based on the model proposed by Baron and Kenny. Hence, modifying the alexithymia need to be a goal of psychotherapy. In this regard, changing the effects of the problematic attachment styles via increasing emotional awareness may be effective in modifying alexithymia and BPS.
Hikikomori: a systemic-relational analysis
Authors: Maglia Marilena
Published: October 2020

Over the past 40 years, Japan has spread a definite condition: hikikomori. The term derives from hiku, “pull back”, and komoru, “island”, and describes a form of voluntary social withdrawal that involves adolescents. These subjects avoid social commitment, school education and friendships with an associated digital dependence. The causes identified depend on a cultural/educational and family system in which individual identity is subordinated to social identity, causing isolation. Early identification of hikikomori and above all its differentiation from other syndromes appears necessary to avoid inadequate diagnosis and interventions. This study stems from the intention to outline the phenomenon starting with the presentation of the characteristics of the phenomenon, focusing on possible causes and risk factors, then explain the psychological therapy based on the systemic-relational approach. A clinical case will be presented according to principles of the systemic-relational intervention. The subject, with a psychopathological diagnosis that can be linked to hikikomori and digital dependence, showed a dysfunctional family structure that has been treated by family psychotherapy. At the follow-up visit the patient showed new interpersonal skills by improving management and problem-solving skills.
Stress among university students: the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SBI-U 9 scale for Academic Burnout in university students
Authors: Platania Silvia , Di Nuovo Santo , Caruso Alice , Digrandi Fabio , Caponnetto Pasquale
Published: October 2020

Several authors have highlighted the importance of creating a useful tool to evaluate academic Burnout through the construction and validation of specific scales to evaluate academic Burnout. Based on the literature, the aim of this study is to evaluate in Italian university the psychometric properties of the SBI-U 9 scale for Academic Burnout in university students in Italy developed by Boada-Grau and colleagues. Study 1 (N=609) examined the factor structure of the scale (Male=45.6%, Female=54.4%; Mage= 21.9; SD=2.92). Study 2 (N=412) advanced the previous SBI-U 9 validation by testing its measurement equivalence across gender (Male=48.8%, Female= 51.2%) and different type of course of study (Technical-Mathematical-Scientific=33.5%, Medical- Scientific=32.5%, Scientific-Humanistic=34%) through Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results confirmed a one higher-order factor structure with three first-order factors, the scale was found to be invariant across gender and different type of course of study. The findings advanced the general claim of SBI-U 9 showed an important tool for detecting the academic Burnout in university students in the Italian context, this is confirmed by the good psychometric properties of the scale.
The legal public–private partnership framework and policy implementation in Uganda
Authors: Mugurura Jude , Ndevu Zwelinzima
Published: October 2020

Background: This article is based on a multidimensional empirical research study investigating aspects of the suitability of the public–private partnership environment of Uganda for road infrastructure development. The foundation of the article is the implementation of the relationship between existing legal and regulatory frameworks on the ground in Uganda.Aim: Key aspects and realities of the legal and policy frameworks that support public–private partnership, road investment projects and programmes in Uganda are examined from the perspective of a transparent, effective and efficient service delivery.Setting: A brief exposition of Uganda’s historical realities and present challenges, especially in terms of road infrastructure, an introduction of key aspects of the legal and regulatory frameworks is presented.Methods: The research is based on an exploratory research design methodology founded on a thorough literature review, exhaustive documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources and 30 interviews with senior and middle managers in the public and private sectors in Uganda. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilised.Results: The analysis of data was based on a dissection of the policies and systems as foundations of solid implementation, existing legal violations, the local private sector’s present conundrum and capacity gaps, the realities of integrity and corruption and the existing approach of citizens towards the problems and challenges.Conclusion: The lack of integrity in both the private and public sector has serious negative effects on the processes, functions, planning, designing, outputs and outcomes of infrastructure initiatives undertaken.
Exploring the meanings of male partner involvement in the prevention of MTCT of HIV in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chibango Vimbai
Published: October 2020

Male partner involvement (MPI) in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered as one of the priority interventions in reducing paediatric HIV. However, there is neither a standard definition nor measurement for MPI in PMTCT. The study explored meanings of MPI in PMTCT programmes in Zimbabwe. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with men and women aged 18 years and above. Seven key informants (KII) from health institutions and organisations providing PMTCT services were interviewed. Eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with pregnant women at two public health facilities. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Five major themes were identified which facilitated our understanding of MPI. Male partner involvement was referred to as participation of male partners in HIV couple counselling and testing. Acceptance of condom use during pregnancy and breastfeeding was deemed vital as this prevents HIV transmission. Male partners were expected to have knowledge of administering antiretroviral drugs to an HIV-exposed child. Provision of financial support was another form of male involvement commonly expected during antenatal and postnatal periods. Faithfulness in marriage was a major theme that was highlighted, especially by respondents in marital relationships. Male partner presence in PMTCT community educational sessions was also considered. However, the provision of male-oriented educational programmes was identified as poor. The study suggested a definition for MPI in PMTCT in Zimbabwe. The merit of this definition was that it took a holistic approach to include activities beyond antenatal activities and HIV testing. Future research should explore how public health institutions could create male-oriented health services within PMTCT programmes, as this has the potential of increasing men’s involvement in PMTCT of HIV.Contribution: This article contributed to the knowledge on how world views, which is shaped by culture and religion, influenced the formation of meanings on MPI PMTCT programmes.
Reading LXXJudith 13:1–9 as performance
Authors: Allen Nicholas P.L. , Jordaan Pierre J.
Published: October 2020

The Septuagint Book of Judith and its derivatives have had an enormous influence on the history of Western Europe and the Christian church. Judith has been employed in various situations to incite violence against a perceived opposition. In this regard, this article focuses on the climax of this book (Jdt 13:1–9) as performance text. In this context, many of the insights proffered by Perry in his seminal work Insights from Performance Criticism (2016) have been expanded upon from the perspective of a Greek and/or Hellenistic environment.Contribution: The value of reading LXXJudith as performance is clearly demonstrated. The conclusion is reached that this pericope is indeed highly subversive. Suggestion is also made that, contrary to more conservative wisdom, with reference specifically to LXXJudith 13:1–9, the Judith fabula is not really reconciliatory in nature. Rather, it seems to provoke conflict between competing powers.
Role of diet and lifestyle modification in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Prabhakar Orsu , Bhuvaneswari Mylipilli
Published: October 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the hepatic evidence of insulin resistance which is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is considered as the risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and has a high frequency of occurrence in those with existing type 2 diabetes. Compared with patients with only NAFLD or type 2 diabetes, these patients show a poor metabolic profile and increase mortality. Hence, effective treatment strategies are necessary. Here, we review the role of diet and lifestyle modification in the management of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. Based on the available studies, it has been shown that the addition of any kind of physical activity or exercise is beneficial for patients with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. Proper dietary management leads to weight loss are also effective in improving metabolic parameters in patients with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, it is clear that increasing physical activity or exercise is effective in improving metabolic parameters in patients who are suffering with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes.
Analytic capacity and projections
Authors: Chang Alan , Tolsa Xavier
Published: October 2020

In this paper we study the connection between the analytic capacity of a set and the size of its orthogonal projections. More precisely, we prove that if

E\subset \mathbb C

is compact and

\mu

is a Borel measure supported on

E

, then the analytic capacity of

E

satisfies

\gamma(E) \geq c \frac{\mu(E)^2}{\int_I \|P_\theta\mu\|_2^2\,d\theta},

where

c

is some positive constant,

I\subset [0,\pi)

is an arbitrary interval, and

P_\theta\mu

is the image measure of

\mu

by

P_\theta

, the orthogonal projection onto the line

\{re^{i\theta}:r\in\mathbb R\}

. This result is related to an old conjecture of Vitushkin about the relationship between the Favard length and analytic capacity. We also prove a generalization of the above inequality to higher dimensions which involves related capacities associated with signed Riesz kernels.
Factors affecting early re-displacement of paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Agbley Daniel , Holdbrook-Smith Henry , Segbefia Michael , Ahonon Yao , Marfo Kissinger
Published: October 2020

Background: Complete fractures of the forearm have the potential to displace and angulate with overriding fracture fragments. Maintaining acceptable reduction is not always possible, and re- displacement or re-angulation is the most commonly reported complication. Factors responsible for the re-displacement after an initial acceptable reduction have not been clearly defined. The study aimed to determine the factors that influence early re-displacement of paediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.Methods: A prospective study in a cohort of 72 children below the age of 12 years with diaphyseal forearm fracture attending the Orthopaedic clinic were followed with close reduction casting from April 2017-December, 2017. Factors analysed included demographics, initial fracture features and the radiographic indices of the cast quality.Results: 93.1% (67) of the fractures were because of the children falling on an outstretched arm. Majority of the children had a fracture of the distal 1/3 of the radius (n=38, 52.6%). The overall C.I was 0.8 (SD 0.1). The only significant predictor for predicting re-displacement was children falling on an outstretched hand (p-value=0.0).Conclusion: This study has shown that the degree of initial displacement and the ability to achieve good reduction with a well moulded cast, constitute the major factors for early re-displacement of paediatric forearm fracturesKeywords: cast index, intermedullary nailing, elastic stable intramedullary nail, open reduction, internal fixationFunding: Personal funding
The Media and Covid-19.Communication and Information Challenges
Authors: Nikolova Violeta
Published: October 2020

The present study is based on the results of a sociological survey conducted by the method of "individual direct online survey," among 609 respondents from all over the country, during the period 29 of April till 3 of May 2020, with scientific supervisor Prof. Dobrinka Peicheva, Ph.D., Dr. Habill, and members of the scientific -research team - Prof. Valentina Milenkova, Assoc. Prof. Mario Marinov, Chief Assistant Ph.D. Dilyana Keranova, Ph.D. Violeta Nikolova. The study analyzes and interprets the results obtained, validating the trust in the media, through the reliability and comprehensiveness of the information they disseminate about the global pandemic, on the one hand, and the relationship between the assessment of the government's crisis and the level of fear of infection to another.
Biology Learning Station Strategy (BLISS): Its Effects on Science Achievement and Attitude towards Biology
Authors: Rogayan Danilo Villar
Published: October 2020

Science education faces monumental changes in terms of curriculum design and approach brought about by the challenges of globalization and diversifying educational landscapes. This study sought to test the effects of Biology Learning Station Strategy (BLISS) to the academic achievement and attitude of junior high school Science students. This action research utilized a within-group pretest-posttest experimental design involving 28 Grade 10 Science students of a government-run secondary school in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study found out that prior to the intervention, the junior high school Science students were performing below average in terms of Science achievement and have slightly positive attitude towards Biology. After the intervention, the students’ Science achievement and their attitude towards Biology had improved. BLISS was found to be an effective differentiated learning strategy in improving the Science achievement and attitude towards Biology of students. There was a positive correlation between Science achievement and attitude towards Biology.
Availability of Activities and Appropriateness of Graphical Illustrations in Recommended Economics Textbooks for Senior Secondary School Students
Authors: Yahya Deborah Oreoluwa , Adebola Solomon Temitope
Published: October 2020

The study examined the availability of specified activities for teachers and students in the recommended Economics textbooks and also examined the level of appropriateness of graphical illustrations in the recommended Economics textbooks. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised the 14 recommended Economics textbooks by the Ministry of Education in Ogun State senior secondary schools. Four Economics textbooks among those recommended were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. One research instrument titled Economics “Textbook Assessment Checklist (ETAC)” was used to elicit information on the availability of activities and appropriateness of graphical illustrations in Economics textbooks. The data were analyzed using frequency count and percentages. The result showed that among the recommended textbooks, only Textbook B (New Approach Economics) had the specified activities for teachers and students. The result further showed the level of appropriateness of Textbook D (78%), Textbook B (67%), Textbook C (64%) to be high while Textbook A (42%) was moderate. The study concluded that the specified learning activities were not available in all the textbooks and that the appropriateness of the graphical illustrations in the textbooks were between high and moderate level.
Análise Cultural e Sense 8
Authors: Azambuja Patrícia , Monteiro Márcio
Published: October 2020

Propomos uma análise cultural da série Sense8, a partir do modelo do circuito da cultura (JOHNSON, 2010), considerando mais enfaticamente a articulação entre produção, texto e culturas vividas. Combinando revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e contribuições teórico-conceituais provindas de estudos recentes sobre imagem midiática, focamos nas conexões entre os processos contemporâneos de produção e circulação audiovisual, as dimensões técnicas e narrativas da série e os atravessamentos entre vidas privadas e representações públicas.
La biodiversidad de Heterópteros en Puerto Rico: Parte I Un resumen de Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea
Authors: Alejandro E. Segarra-Carmona  , Rosa A. Franqui  , Hariette Pérez-Martínez
Published: October 2020

La fauna de Pentatomoidea de Puerto Rico y de sus islas adyacentes se presenta como parte de una revisión de los Heterópteros de estas islas. Se presentan 71 especies en seis familias de Pentatomoidea conocidas de Puerto Rico: Cydnidae (11); Pentatomidae (48): Asopinae (8), Pentatominae (37), Discocephalinae (1); Edessinae (2); Tessaratomidae (1); Scutelleridae (8); Megarididae (1); y Corimelaenidae (2). Siete especies representan récords nuevos para Puerto Rico. Para cada récord de las especies presentadas se incluyen sus sinonimias, su distribución conocida, sus hospederos, y una lista de los especímenes examinados. También se incluyen claves taxonómicas y fotos a color para identificar la mayoría de las especies discutidas.
Título en español
Authors: F. Gallardo Covas  , S. Medina Gaud
Published: October 2020

Un reconocimiento para determinar los factores que afectan las poblaciones de Carpophilus humeralis F. se realizó en los piñales de Puerto Rico. Se encontró que la humedad del suelo, al igual que las prácticas indeseables, tales como dejar frutas podridas en el campo, fueron los principales factores para la invasión y multiplicación de este insecto. El uso de variedades resistentes a la gomosis (condición que favorece la penetración de la fruta por C. humeralis y buenas prácticas fitosanitarias) disminuyen el daño de esta plaga.
THE EFFICACY OF MK-401 (4-AMINO-6 TRICHLOROETHENYL-1,3-BENZENEDISULFONOMIDE) AGAINT FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN CATTLE UNDER PUERTO RICAN CONDITIONS
Authors: Delfín de León  , Rubén Quiñones
Published: October 2020

THE EFFICACY OF MK-401 (4-AMINO-6 TRICHLOROETHENYL-1,3-BENZENEDISULFONOMIDE) AGAINT FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN CATTLE UNDER PUERTO RICAN CONDITIONS
EFFECTS OF CaC2 ON THE OVIPOSITION OF CARPOPHILUS HUMERALIS F. (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE)
Authors: F. Gallardo-Covas
Published: October 2020

EFFECTS OF CaC2 ON THE OVIPOSITION OF CARPOPHILUS HUMERALIS F. (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE)
Título en español
Authors: J. Velez-Santiago  , J. A. Arroyo-Aguilu
Published: October 2020

Se cultivaron cinco gramíneas tropicales: Estrella (Cynodon nlemfuensis), Transvala (Digitaria decumbens), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens) y dos Limpo (Hemarthria altissima, Bigalta y Greenalta), en la Subestación Experimental Agrícola de Corozal para medir durante 1.5 años los efectos de tres niveles de fertilización nitrogenada y de tres intervalos de corte (30, 45 y 60 días) en los rendimientos de forraje verde, forraje seco y proteína bruta y en los contenidos de materia seca, nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio. El suelo es un Ultisol, el cual no se regó. Los niveles de nitrógeno, como sulfato amónico, aplicados después de cada corte, consistieron de 224 (nivel bajo), 448 (nivel mediano) y 896 (nivel alto) kg/hay año, respectivamente. El contenido de materia seca y los rendimientos de forraje seco y proteína bruta aumentaron significativamente al alargarse el intervalo de corte. Con el nivel mediano de N se lograron los mayores rendimientos de proteína bruta, excepto en el caso de Estrella, donde el nivel alto de fertilización produjo un mayor rendimiento de dicha fracción. Las cultivares Bigalta, Estrella y Transvala produjeron los rendimientos más altos de forraje verde, forraje seco y proteína bruta. Los rendimientos de forraje seco (promedios globales para los tres intervalos de corte y los tres niveles de fertilización) de las cultivares Bigalta, Greenalta, Transvala, Estrella y Pangola fueron 35,421, 29,209, 31 ,699, 32,383 y 24,461 kg/ha y año, respectivamente. El contenido de proteína bruta aumentó según aumentaron los niveles de N, indenpendientemente de las cultivares o los intervalos de corte. Los valores medios obtenidos en el forraje para P y K fueron de .21 a .22% y de 2.70 a 2.87%, respectivamente, los cuales pueden considerarse normales y adecuados.
Título en español
Authors: A. A. Navarro  , D. S. Padda
Published: October 2020

El efecto de aplicaciones de azufre, fósforo y nitrógeno sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento de la batata (Ipomoea batatas) se evaluó en un suelo franco-arcilloso de la serie Fredensborg (del arden de los Mollisols). Aunque el pH del suelo no bajó como resultado de las aplicaciones de azufre, el rendimiento aumentó con incrementos de este elemento. lncrementos significativos en el rendimiento se obtuvieron con aplicaciones de nitrógeno. Las de fósforo no lo afectaron significativamente.
EVALUATION OF THE RUBY MANGO CULTIVAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NECTAR, MARMALADE, AND CANNED SLICES IN HEAVY SYRUP
Authors: Evangelina R. de Hernández  , José R. Benero  , Rubén Guadalupe Luna  , Isabel B. de Caloni
Published: October 2020

EVALUATION OF THE RUBY MANGO CULTIVAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NECTAR, MARMALADE, AND CANNED SLICES IN HEAVY SYRUP
Título en español
Authors: Héber Irizarry  , Edmundo Rivera
Published: October 2020

Un experimento se llevó a cabo en un suelo Corozal arcilloso (Ultisol) para determinar el contenido de varios nutrimentos en la planta de gandul a intervalo de dos semanas, empezando 7 semanas después de la siembra y terminando con la cosecha 147 días más tarde. A las plantas se les aplicó un fertilizante 10-10-10 a razón de 0, 450 y 900 kg/ha. El nivel medio de fertilización (450 kg/ha) resultó en rendimientos óptimos. La extracción total de nitrógeno, potasio y calcio aumentó según las plantas se desarrollaban. El de fósforo y magnesio fue bajo todo el tiempo. Con raras excepciones el contenido de nutrimentos fue mayor en las hojas que en las otras partes de la planta. La producción total de materia seca aumentó según las plantas desarrollaban. La de tallos y raíces, y después de la floración, la de las vainas aumentó con la madurez de la planta. La de las hojas disminuyó después de los 105 días debido a senescencia y a los ataques de un hongo. Las plantas llegaron en total a un máximo de 216, 12, 168, 54 y 19 kg/ha of N, P, K, Ca y Mg, respectivamente. La producción total de materia seca fue de 12,340 kg/ha y el rendimiento de gandul en vaina fue de 8,104 kg/ha. Cálculos basados en el contenido de nutrimentos del gandul, la disponibilidad de nutrimentos en los suelos Ultisols, la capacidad biológica del gandul en simbiosis con bacterias fijadoras del intrógeno atmosférico y las pérdidas de nutrimentos aplicados como abono, demuestran que para obtener rendimientos óptimos de gandul en estos suelos es recomendable aplicar 296, 32, 211 y 30 kg/ha de N, P2O5, K2O y MgO, respectivamente, equivalentes a alrededor de 2,000 kg/ha de un fertilizante 15-2-10-2. Este abono debe aplicarse en dos partes iguales 3 y 10 semanas después de la siembra.
Título en español
Authors: Evangelina Recio de Hernández
Published: October 2020

Se describe una nueva máquina para limpiar el café recogido en redes plásticas así como el acoplamiento de ésta al sistema de lavado. Esta consiste de dos tuneles, cada uno con un soplante. El material que es transportado por un conductor en forma de tornillo, se agita con un eje rotatorio con rayos y se expulsa por la acción del soplante. El material separado conteniendo granos de café, bayas, tierra y palitos cae a través de un cedazo al túnel inferior. De ahí es transportado por medio de una corriente de agua a la lavadora. En esta, en la zaranda vibradora y en el tanque de flotación se lleva a cabo la separación final del material mencionado. La máquina soplante, junto con la lavadora es capaz de limpiar el café de 4.4 cuerdas (1.62 ha) en 8 horas laborables a una velocidad de 30 rpm del transportador en forma de tornillo. Al reducir la velocidad de este transportador a 20 rpm también se reduce la capacidad a 2 cuerdas en 8 horas.
Título en español
Authors: J. Vélez-Santiago  , J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú  , S. Torres-Rivera  , N. Corchado Juarbe
Published: October 2020

Se realizó un estudio de 18 cultivares de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) en el Centro de lnvestigación y Desarrollo de Lajas para evaluar la aptitud y la producción en un período de 232 días (seis cortes del 31 de enero al 20 de septiembre de 1978). Los rendimientos de forraje seco variaron de 4,673 kg/ha (Tanverde-más bajo) a 11,675 kg/ha Maracay-más alto). Se determinó además que las mejores cultivares en rendimiento y persistencia fueron Florida 66, Moapa, Certified Mesa Sirsa, Peruvian y Hayden PX-1. Debido principalmente a la alta incidencia de la pudrición de la corona, causada por el hongo Phytophthora, el rendimiento de forraje seco bajó notablemente después del quinto corte en toda las cultivares, excepto en Maracay, Florida 66 y Certified Mesa Sirsa. Los promedios globales de fibra neutrodetergente, fibra ácidodetergente, lignina, celulosa, sílice, proteína bruta, fósforo y potasio en las 18 cultivares fueron 34.86, 29.13, 10.22, 17.08, 1.42, 21.86, .36 y 2.08%, respectivamente. Los insectos no causaron gran daño en este estudio.
Título en español
Authors: J. Román  , D. Oramas  , J. Green  , A. Torres
Published: October 2020

El nematodo barrenador, Radopholus similis, y el picudo negro, Cosmopolites sordidus, son las plagas de mayor importancia económica del platanero en Puerto Rico. Una serie de estudios efectuados por la Estación Experimental Agrícola ha demostrado que el combate químico de los nematodos del platanero aumenta la producción y alarga la vida útil de la plantación. Resultados similares no se han logrado con el picudo negro aún cuando las investigaciones al respecto han sido extensas. Con el propósito de estudiar el efecto de varios productos químicos en el combate de ambas plagas y su efecto en la producción, se realizaron dos experimentos de campo: uno en la Subestación Experimental de Fortuna, en un suelo alcalino (pH 7.7), utilizando la cultivar Enano y otro en la Subestación de Corozal, en un suelo ácido (pH 5.5), con la cultivar Maricongo. En el experimento de Fortuna se evaluaron cinco plaguicidas: Carbofuran 5G y 10G, Fensulfothion 15G, Ethoprop 10G y Aldicarb 10G. El Carbofuran 5G se aplicó a razón de 42 g por planta cada 4 meses y el resto de los plaguicidas a razón de 56 por planta cada 6 meses. Los tratamientos se repitieron seis veces. En el experimento de Corozal se evaluaron cuatro dosis de Aldicarb 10G (1 0, 15, 30 y 45 g/planta) aplicados cada 4 y 6 meses. Además, se incluyó el Carbofuran 10G (56 g/planta/6 meses) para comparación . Se utilizaron cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados del experimento en Fortuna, donde se evaluó una sola cosecha, en la que no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en los rendimientos, demostraron que, en general, la mayoría de los tratamientos controló eficazmente los nematodos. El picudo negro fue controlado sólo con las aplicaciones de Aldicarb, Ethoprop y Fensulfothion. En Corozal, donde se evaluaron dos cosechas, todos los tratamientos con nematicidas-insecticidas combatieron eficazmente los nematodos y el picudo negro. También estos tratamientos aumentaron significativamente el número y el peso de los plátanos por hectárea así como el número de hijos por cepa. Las dosis y frecuencias más eficaces fueron 30 y 45 g de Aldicarb cada 4 meses, y 30 g cada 6 meses; este último debe ser el más económico para el agricultor.
Título en español
Authors: Edmundo Rivera  , Servando Silva  , José Vicente-Chandler
Published: October 2020

Se estudió la distribución de raíces del gandul, yuca, café y cuatro especies de yerbas forrajeras a distintas profundidades en un suelo Ultisol. La yuca tuvo una baja densidad de raíces, las que profundizaron poco en el suelo. El cafeto desarrolló abundantes raíces hasta una profundidad de 120 cm.; algunas alcanzaron una profundidad de 180 cm. El gandul arraizó profusamente con más de mil cm. de raíces por litro de suelo a profundidades hasta 120 cm. y muchas raíces alcanzaron una profundidad de 180 cm., lo cual explica la resistencia del gandul a las sequías y su habilidad para extraer nutrimentos aún en suelos relativamente infértiles. La yerba Guinea, y en menor grado la Estrella, desarrollaron una profusión de raíces hasta una profundidad de 180 cm. La yerba Guinea tuvo un promedio de más de 1,000 cm. de raíces por litro de suelo a todas las profundidades hasta 150 cm., lo cual explica su resistencia a las sequías y su capacidad para producir más que las otras yerbas en la zona semiárida. Estos datos son de importancia en el desarrollo de recomendaciones para regar, cultivar y abonar estas cosechas, así como para ayudar a determinar las zonas más aptas para su cultivo.
Título en español
Authors: Megh R. Goyal  , William F. Allison
Published: October 2020

En marzo de 1980 se instaló en la Subestación de Fortuna un sistema de riego por goteo de baja presión para evaluar los requerimientos de riego para rendimientos máximos de pepinillo (variedad Poinsett 76), y para evaluar los efectos de la cubierta plástica negra con revestimiento plateado en el desarrollo de la cosecha. Las tasas de aplicación de agua se basaron en las lecturas de tensiómetros instalados a 15, 30 y 45 cm de profundidad en los tratamientos "mojado, húmedo y seco". Bajo cubierta plástica, el tratamiento "mojado" sobrepasó significativamente al 5% de significancia el rendimiento de los tratamientos "húmedo y seco". Los requerimientos medios de riego por goteo fueron 10.8, 8.4 y 6.6 cm-ha para los tratamientos "mojado, húmedo y seco", respectivamente. Los datos de la evaluación de la cosecha incluyeron volumen medio, peso medio y densidad media de las frutas.
Título en español
Authors: F. Sánchez-Nieva  , M. Mercado
Published: October 2020

Se estudió el comportamiento de guineos verdes enlatados durante 270 días de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente (85-90° F, 29-32° C). Se observó lo siguiente: ni el pH de estabilización ni el de la fruta, ni tampoco la acidez, cambiaron significativamente; el contenido de ácido ascórbico aumentó (esto se atribuye a la presencia de substancias reductoras que interfieren en la determinación de la vitamina); el color cambió ligeramente, ya que los valores Hunter a y b aumentaron durante el almacenamiento. Visualmente, se observó el desarrollo de una ligera coloración rosada. El color de la fruta enlatada dependió del estado de madurez de la fruta, aumentando los valores a y b al aumentar la proporción de pulpa a cáscara según desarrollaba la fruta. Para evaluar los cambios organolépticos durante el almacenamiento, se prepararon guineos verdes elatados en escabeche. Este plato se prepara con los guineos verdes hervidos, los que se marinan luego en una salsa de aceite de oliva, vinagre, cebollas y condimentos. Para cada cata se preparó además un escabeche con guineos frescos para compararlos con los enlatados. En tres catas a intervalos regulares durante el período de almacenamiento, el escabeche preparado con guineos enlatados se juzgó superior en calidad al preparado con guineos frescos. Tampoco tuvieron lugar cambios significativos en el sabor, el color y la textura del producto enlatado. Durante el almacenamiento se observó un endurecimiento de los guineos, según se determinó del aumento en los valores de textura registrados por la prensa de la Food Technology Corporation ("shear press"). Estos valores variaron de acuerdo con la ecuación Y = A + B log X. Aparentemente, los cambios más drásticos en la textura tienen lugar durante la elaboración y enlatado de los guineos. Al calentarlos en agua por 30 minutos a 200° F (93° C) para inactivar el sistema enzimático y facilitar el pelarlos, los guineos se ablandan considerablemente. Si se calientan por más tiempo del indicado, se ablandan aún más. Cuando los guineos se trataron con agua a 200° F (93° C) por 50 minutos se esterilizaron en agua hirviendo por otros 50 minutos después de enlatados se observó una tendencia bien marcada en la fruta a ablandarse durante el almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente. Cuando la fruta verde se hirvió por 15, 20 y 25 minutos para inactivar el sistema enzimático y perarlos, la dureza de la fruta enlatada aumentó durante el almacenamiento en relación directa con la duración del tratamiento con agua hirviendo. Sin embargo, cuando la fruta se hirvió por un período de 30 minutos la textura no cambió significativamente durante el almacenamiento. Variaciones en la acidez de la salmuera o el uso de sal no afectaron la textura de la fruta. El almacenamiento del producto a una temperatura de 45° F (7.2° C) endureció la fruta enlatada marcadamente.