bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Weave Parameters on Yarn Pull-Out Force of Woven Fabrics Made From Doubled Yarns and With Different Weave Structures
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Thanikai Vimal J. , Hayavadana J. , Srinivasulu K. , Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy , Kadaikunnan Shine , Khaled Jamal M.
Published: February 2025

The effect of weave on yarn pullout force of different woven fabric was studied. The effect of yarn pullout force behavior from woven fabric is a main indicator of the weave mechanism of yarn interlacement within the fabric and predicts its many mechanical properties. The study understood the effect of weave parameters on yarn pull-out force of different weaves. It was found that the amount of yarn pull-out force was related to the structural response of woven fabric. The yarn pull-out force depends on the fabric weave, density and the number of interlacements point in the fabric. In this research, the yarn pull-out force of 11 cotton woven fabrics is analyzed based on the weave parameters such as Crossing over Firmness Factor (CFF), Floating Yarn Factor (FYF), and Fabric Firmness Factor (FFF).
In the mode of metamorphosis: ANT and Latour after Latour
Authors: Blok Anders , Jensen Casper Bruun
Published: February 2025

This short piece responds to five commentaries to our own suggestions on ‘What Next for Actor Network Theory?’ after Latour's passing. Charting a path through very heterogenous ideas, we attempt to re-scenarise what we consider the wheat of fruitful theoretical questioning and extensions from the chaff of worn-out adversarial gestures around actor-network theory (ANT) in sociology and beyond. Inventing around Latour on a planet in distress, we affirm with our commentators, certainly brings ANT into fruitful dialogues with broader strands of feminist Science and Technology Studies, political ecology, alongside the kinds of more-than-human anthropology that we ourselves brought to the table. At stake, we believe, is the willingness to extend ANT's descriptive capacities in new directions, at the limits of Western social theory's current conceptual preoccupations with Capital and Nature.
Prevalence, trends, and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV infections among male attendees at STD clinics in Southwest China: a 13-year cross-sectional study (2010–2022)
Authors: Tao Chunxing , Che Jianhua , Huang Rongye , He Jinfeng , Wu Zhenxian , Liang Fengfeng , Cai Jie , Ou Yanyun , Bao Lijuan , Ye Li , Liang Hao , Lin Zhaosen , Nong Aidan , Liang Bingyu
Published: February 2025

Background

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) impose a substantial health burden and pose a significant threat to human health. However, data regarding long-term epidemiology patterns of STIs among high-risk groups are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, trends, and correlates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV among male attendees at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Southwest China.

Methods

Serial cross-sectional surveys were performed annually among male STD clinic attendees in Southwest China from 2010 to 2022. Blood specimens were collected to test HIV, syphilis, and HCV infections. Mann-Kendall trend test was used to assess the trends of HIV, syphilis, and HCV prevalence. Rare even logistic regression model (relogit) was used to identify correlates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV infections.

Results

This study included a total of 23,964 male attendees at STD clinics. The prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and HCV among participants was 0.98%, 2.16%, and 0.61%, respectively. While the prevalence of syphilis and HCV decreased from 3.64% to 1.81% in 2010 to 1.05% and 0.38% in 2022, the HIV prevalence did not show a downward trend. Relogit analysis revealed that participants with a history of STD had significantly increased risks of HIV (aOR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.14–3.15) and HCV (aOR = 4.91, 95%CI: 3.22–7.49) infections. Participants who had ever engaged in homosexual behavior had significantly increased risks of HIV (aOR = 14.66, 95%CI: 5.49–39.14) and syphilis (aOR = 3.95, 95%CI:1.41–13.71) infections. Age also played a role, with those aged 50 years and above having a higher likelihood of HIV infection (aOR = 2.55, 95%CI: 1.91–3.39), while those under 50 years were more likely to be infected with HCV (aOR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.19–3.16). Moreover, individuals of Han ethnicity were more likely to be infected with syphilis (aOR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.75–2.57) and HCV (aOR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.16–2.33). Being married or cohabiting increased the likelihood of syphilis infection (aOR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.09–1.80), and a history of intravenous drug use (IDU) significantly increased the risk of HCV infection (aOR = 10.97, 95%CI: 5.21–23.12).

Conclusions

This study found a low prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and HCV among male attendees at STD clinics. Despite the declining prevalence of syphilis and HCV, HIV prevalence did not show a downward trend. This underscores the crucial need for continued and targeted prevention efforts, especially promoting STIs testing for men who have sex with men (MSM) and individuals with a history of intravenous drug use (IDU).
Characterization of spreading depolarizations in swine following superior sagittal sinus occlusion: a novel gyrencephalic model study
Authors: Sanchez-Porras Renan , Ramírez-Cuapio Francisco L. , Gutiérrez-Herrera Mildred A. , Puig-Lagunes Ángel Alberto , Albiña-Palmarola Pablo , López-Navarro Juan M. , Suárez-Gutiérrez Marcos Alejandro , Díaz-Peregrino Roberto , Sandoval-Lopez Diego A. , Fischer Gregor , Vazifehdan Farzam , Woitzik Johannes , Santos Edgar
Published: February 2025

Cerebral sinus thrombosis, which constitutes a small percentage of all strokes, usually affects young individuals and can lead to venous stroke. Ischemic and hemorrhagic Stroke are associated with Spreading Depolarization (SD) waves in brain tissue, which propagate through the affected areas and cause a transient disruption of ionic homeostasis and neuronal function. This interaction highlights the complexity of the neurological consequences associated with SD. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of SDs following the occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in a gyrencephalic model, specifically swine. To instigate an occlusion, we surgically clipped the middle third of the SSS. The animals were grouped and monitored using one of three methods: electrocorticography (ECoG) alone, ECoG with intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging, or ECoG in conjunction with laser speckle contrast and oxygen imaging (LSCI). Post-mortem, the brains were analyzed using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to check for venous infarction. Our results confirmed the spontaneous occurrence of SDs in the gyrencephalic swine brain after SSS occlusion, which was detectable via all monitoring methodologies. SD activity was most frequent in the first hour post-occlusion, subsequently diminishing. IOS imaging identified four unique hemodynamic responses, while TTC staining indicated no infarction. This research is the first to document SDs in the gyrencephalic swine brain following SSS occlusion, laying the groundwork for future investigations in both animal models and human clinical studies.
Unveiling the potential of CLL-1: a promising target for AML therapy
Authors: Soleimani Samarkhazan Hamed , Zehtabcheh Sara , Seraji Hamideh Rahmani , Beqaj Safedin H. , Tayefeh Shamim , Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Aghaei Mojtaba
Published: February 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a formidable blood cancer, despite recent advances in treatment. A significant challenge persists in improving patient outcomes, particularly in addressing relapse and treatment resistance. Identifying new therapeutic targets is critical for advancing AML therapy. C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in AML. This cell surface receptor is highly expressed on AML blasts and demonstrates stable expression throughout disease progression. CLL-1’s consistent presence makes it an ideal candidate for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD), which is a critical indicator for predicting relapse. Beyond its utility as a diagnostic marker, CLL-1 offers exciting potential in the development of immunotherapies. Emerging strategies, such as CAR-T-cell therapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), are being investigated to leverage the immune system against CLL-1-expressing AML cells. This review examines the structure, function, and expression patterns of CLL-1 in AML and other hematologic malignancies, providing insights into its role in disease pathogenesis and treatment potential. Exploring CLL-1 as a target for diagnosis, MRD monitoring, and immunotherapy opens new avenues for AML treatment. A deeper understanding of its relationship with AML pathogenesis will aid in the development of targeted therapies, offering hope for improved patient outcomes in the future.
Freeze-dried herbal Kaempferia galanga supplementation effectively modulates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic BALB/c mice
Authors: Nonglang Flavius Phrangsngi , Snaitang Revelbornstar , Roy Dhritiman , Bhan Surya
Published: February 2025

Background

A dysfunction in insulin secretion or action leads to hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia then causes the activation of pathways that result in increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels, ultimately causing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress overload then causes cellular damage and also promotes the increased activation of the apoptosis pathway inducing cell death. Thus, regulation of glucose homeostasis to prevent hyperglycemia is crucial. In this study, the potential protective effect of Kaempferia galanga herbal extract (KGE) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was investigated.

Result

In this study, Kaempferia galanga (KG) herbal extracts, namely aqueous (KGA), ethanolic (KGE), methanolic (KGM), and chloroform (KGC), were tested for their antioxidant activity. In in vitro antioxidant assays, KG ethanolic extract (KGE) has the highest antioxidant activity out of all the extracts. High-performance thin layer chromatography phytochemical fingerprinting (HPTLC) analysis confirms that the presence of more antioxidant compounds in herbal KGE and ethyl-p methoxy cinnamate (EPMC) was the active phytochemical. Thus, KGE was chosen for in vivo studies. An intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) administration produced a diabetic mouse model. In vivo herbal KGE treatment positively modulates SOD and CAT gene and protein expression in diabetic mice. Tissue protection from herbal KGE supplementation is supported by liver electron microscopy. In diabetic mice, herbal KGE supplementation reduces DNA fragmentation in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and heart by upregulating the gene and protein expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2, inhibiting BAX expression, and ultimately inhibiting caspase-3 (CAS-3) expression. Herbal KGE supplementation in diabetic mice maintains insulin levels in serum and pancreas, indicating its protective role in preventing pancreatic damage or promoting β cell regeneration. Molecular docking analysis shows EPMC's high binding affinity for CAS-3, BAX, and BCL-2 compared to metformin suggesting that it may be responsible for modulating apoptotic protein expression.

Discussion

Herbal KGE supplementation protects against diabetes-induced tissue damage and apoptosis by reducing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and EPMC may be the active component eliciting the effect.
Analysis on the Impact of U.S. FDA’s Narrow Therapeutic Index Bioequivalence Criteria on Generic Drug Applications
Authors: Anim Anno Krista , Mina Mirette , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Lei , Jiang Wenlei
Published: February 2025

Since 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed classification criteria of narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drug products and tightened bioequivalence (BE) standards for these products by recommending a fully replicated, two-sequence, two-treatment, four-period crossover study design where BE is based on passing both scaled average BE criterion and within-subject variability comparison criterion, as well as the average BE criterion of 80.00%-125.00%. Currently, the BE study design and criteria for NTI drugs are somewhat different across regulatory agencies. The objective of this study is to survey pharmacokinetic BE data of abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) of NTI drugs submitted to the FDA with initial submission dates between January 1, 2013 and October 1, 2022 to identify the impact of FDA’s current BE approach on generic NTI approval. Thirty-three NTI drug products from 100 ANDAs were identified with 93 ANDAs included in analysis. Eighty-seven ANDAs had four-way crossover studies, with 69 and 106 fed and fasting BE studies, respectively. For all NTI drugs, the range of average SWR for Cmax, AUCt, and AUCinf was between 0.05 and 0.27. Of the 20 studies that failed BE, 90%, 5%, and 5% failed reference scaled criteria only, variability comparison criteria only, and both, respectively. Further communication of this work with global regulatory agencies and the scientific community will help better understand current FDA NTI BE criteria and review experiences. These efforts will support the development of harmonized BE criteria for NTI drugs, in turn improving patient access to generic NTI drugs.

Graphical Abstract
The Road to Serfdom and the Definitions of Socialism, Planning, and the Welfare State, 1930–1950
Authors: Benzecry Gabriel F. , Jensen Nicholas , Smith Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

There is a long-standing debate about whether the central hypothesis of F. A. Hayek's The Road to Serfdom, warning of the incompatibility between socialism and democracy, extended to welfare states. The empirical validity of Hayek's hypothesis hinges on his definition of socialism. We build on previous works contextualizing and interpreting The Road to Serfdom by examining the common definitions of socialism, capitalism, and the welfare state primarily between 1930 and 1950 according to (1) socialist intellectuals, especially those Hayek was engaging in The Road to Serfdom, (2) reviews of and responses to Hayek's book, and (3) prominent politicians and other public intellectuals in London. We find that socialism was commonly understood to mean economic planning under state ownership or control of the means of production. Those advocating for the expansion of welfare programs often held that state control or ownership of the means of production was necessary to fund social redistribution. Our findings bolster the interpretation of Hayek's central hypothesis in The Road to Serfdom as being limited to economic planning under state control or ownership of the means of production.
Light environment and seasonal variation in the visual system of the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis)
Authors: Foster Tarah N. , Williamson Alyssa G. , Foster Bradley R. , Toomey Matthew B.
Published: February 2025

The light environment underwater can vary dramatically over space and time, challenging the visual systems of aquatic organisms. To meet these challenges, many species shift their spectral sensitivities through changes in visual pigment chromophore composition and opsin expression. The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is a North American cyprinid minnow species that inhabits waters ranging widely in turbidity and temperature. We hypothesized that the visual system of the red shiner is plastic with chromophore composition and opsin expression varying in response to the environment. To test this hypothesis, we collected red shiners throughout the year from three Oklahoma creeks that vary in turbidity. We characterized the light environment by spectroradiometry, measured chromophore composition of the eyes with high performance liquid chromatography, characterized the mechanisms of chromophore metabolism, and examined ocular gene expression by RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly. We observed significantly higher proportions of the long-wavelength shifted A2 chromophore in the eyes of fish from the turbid site and in samples collected in winter, suggesting that there may be a temperature-dependent trade-off between chromophore-based spectral tuning and chromophore-related noise. Opsin expression varied between turbid and clear creeks, but did not align with light environment as expected, and the magnitude of these differences was limited compared to the differences in chromophore composition. We confirmed that red shiner CYP27C1 catalyzes the conversion of A1 to A2, but the ocular expression of CYP27C1 was not well correlated with A2 levels in the eye, suggesting conversion may be occurring outside of the eye.
A photosensory structure in the brain of the systellomatophoran gastropod Peronia verruculata
Authors: Matsuo Yuko , Matsuo Ryota
Published: February 2025

Most animals detect ambient light using their cephalic eyes as photosensory organs. However, some animals have different types of photosensors in other parts of their body. The marine gastropod Peronia verruculata possesses several types of extraocular photosensors such as dorsal eyes, dermal photoreceptors, and brain photosensory neurons. In the present study, we identified a pair of follicle-shaped structures expressing Gq-rhodopsin in the lateral lobe of the brain in Peronia. This structure had numerous microvilli and a few cilia in its interior, which is reminiscent of the follicle gland in the lateral lobe of the brain of the pond snail, Lymnaea. Retinal binding protein and retinochrome were localized to the cell bodies of the neurons that constitute this structure. The photoresponses were recorded in an isolated brain by extracellular recording, and the spike frequency increased in a light-intensity-dependent manner. We thus named this structure the follicle photoreceptive organ (FPO). We also found that the FPO was positioned close to the optic nerve projecting from the stalk eye and had nerve connections with the optic nerve. We discuss our findings in the context of the epistellar body of octopus and the parolfactory vesicles of squid, as well as the follicle gland of Lymnaea.
Tragic Space in Site-Specific Productions of Aeschylean Tragedies
Authors: Sapountzakis Ilias
Published: February 2025

Our aim is to analyze the notion of tragic space, using as examples two site-specific performances based on Aeschylean tragedies, both staged in 2010: Mike Pearson’s The Persians, and Theodoros Terzopoulos’ Prometheus Bound. In both cases, the tragedy was chosen in the context of highlighting specific historical sites. We will examine these performing spaces and the extent to which they are used to highlight, in turn, the textual tragic spaces. To better understand how the notion of a tragic space can intermingle with the dramatic and theatrical space, we look into the groundbreaking works of Foucault, Wiles, etc. Moreover, our method’s tools are the recent studies on the branches of the theatre space and theatre topology, as well as site-specific theory. One of the most important site-specific principles, also used for our selection of the Aeschylean productions, is the differentiation of Transforming and Augmenting Found Space (Bowditch, 2018). More specifically, we have two main types of space: those that are transformed for the sake of the staging idea and those spaces that are utilised in order to preserve their image as it is, which include spaces that are similar to the one in which the action of the play is set, e.g. an Elizabethan palace for a presentation of a Shakespearean play. In our chosen productions, even these barriers are turned down, showing the spiral of tragic space.
The "CATography" of Ano Syros
Authors: Eleftheraki Georgia , Tzamalis George
Published: February 2025

With the consensus view that the cats are considered as a powerful and recognisable element that can actively contribute to the promotion and acceptance of projects in which they participate, an "alternative" mapping of the landscape of the settlement of Ano Syros (Syros Island, Greece) with cats as protagonists was created. This study was conducted by the authors for the 7th Interdisciplinary Seminar on Sustainable Development, Culture and Tradition at the Syros Institute. To the reasonable question "why cats?”, the answer is: "Because in Ano Syros, cats are everywhere! Here, cats are not considered as stray cats, they are practically roommates with the inhabitants of Ano Syros and can easily break the threshold between public and private space".A cat count map was created showing the population density of cats on specific routes in Ano Syros. In addition, a map was designed showing the most frequently visited/preferred posts of the most recognisable cats in Ano Syros. Snapshots taken from various landmarks in the settlement are then used to create a cute narrative of the landscape through the eyes of the cats themselves, with the cats as the main characters. An approach, with these popular tourists - residents as the main characters in the photographic composition, can highlight the peculiarities of the region with humour and unexpected clarity. In addition to providing insight in to the local atmosphere, it also helps raise awareness of the importance of preserving and promoting the island's cultural and architectural heritage. Also, it can contribute to the protection and care of this precious domestic animal.It is essentially a creative game of exploration and discovery of Ano Syros, inviting the spectator and, at the same time, potential visitor, to follow, study, discover or rediscover and, ultimately, fall in love with Ano Syros.Place marketing consists of strategically designed processes that rely on a deep knowledge of place image and place identity (Deffner, 2012). Against this background and accepting that cats are an inseparable part of island life and landscape, together with the dynamics of these adorable and popular pets, the development of innovative digital applications that promote Ano Syros with a fun and playful spatial performativity can play an important role in place marketing and certainly constitutes one of the ultimate aims of this work.
Fostering sustainable business values: The impact of universities on shaping sustainable entrepreneurial intentions in higher education students from developing economies
Authors: M Nayak Pushparaj , Nayak Madhukara , . Deekshitha
Published: February 2025

Background This study examines the role of universities and sustainable business values, along with the antecedents of the Theory of planned behavior (TPB), in predicting sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among Indian higher education students. Methods This cross-sectional study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from students at institutions providing entrepreneurial education. The structural equation modeling method of partial least squares (PLS) was employed for data analysis, path modeling, and data analysis. Our findings show that entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms, and sustainable business values affect sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, our study highlights the crucial role of entrepreneurship education in fostering experiential learning among students and in assisting them in acquiring entrepreneurial attitudes and orientations. Results Our observations will be helpful to universities, higher education institutions, and policymakers in their efforts to enhance curricula and training materials. Comprehensive sustainability-related education would be beneficial for aspiring entrepreneurs enrolled in entrepreneurship programs. Conclusion This study acknowledges the importance of knowledge and skill acquisition in entrepreneurship education to foster entrepreneurial intention. Consequently, our findings have the potential to contribute to the economic growth of emerging economies and the establishment of new businesses.
East Mediterranean Lineage of Brucella melitensis in Human Isolates and Milk Samples in Oman Using MLVA-14
Authors: Altoubi Khalsa , Al Muharrmi Zakariya , AlMarzooqi Waleed , Al Adwani Salma , Al Kharousi Kaadhia , Zamzagul Abdildaevna Shytyrbayeva , Peletto Simone , ElTahir Yasmin
Published: February 2025

Background Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease in Oman. Studies about genetic diversity of Brucella are limited in the country. This study aimed to genotype Brucella melitensis in human isolates and milk samples using multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA-14) in Oman. Methods MLVA-14 was employed for forty-nine B. melitensis recovered from human isolates (n = 21), one goat isolate, and milk samples (n = 27). Results Clustering analysis separated the 49 B. melitensis strains into two main clusters including 31 genotypes. In Dhofar Governorate, shared genotypes among different animal species were identified; the same genotypes were found also in human isolates. Moreover, there was a close genetic relationship between human and milk sample strains from Dhofar and AD Dakhiliya Governorates. Phylogeography investigated by Minimum Spanning Tree analysis showed that Omani strains belonged to the East Mediterranean lineage and formed a distinct branch with a close relationship with two strains from the United Arab Emirates. Moreover, eight Omani strains genotyped from milk shared the same MLVA profile as strains from Spain, Portugal, China, India, and Turkey. The caprine isolate was an outlier correlated with a big cluster mostly formed by isolates from China with other strains from Portugal, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Mongolia, Marocco, France and Spain. Conclusions This study highlights the zoonotic nature of B. melitensis transmission from infected livestock to humans and also its circulation among different animal species. The One Health approach is the way to develop policies and programs for disease surveillance and control.
Dosage form selection using price function of prediction market
Authors: Hongthong Charkkrit , Sakulbumrungsil Rungpetch , Kessomboon Nusaraporn , Poonpolsub Sitanun , Nerapusee Osot , Laichapis Manthana , Udomaksorn Khunjira
Published: February 2025

Backgrounds A prediction market (PM) is a process for predicting future events by gathering knowledge from participants. Researchers applied PM concept to predict the new dosage form, the industry may be able to produce incrementally modified drugs (IMDs) in the future. Methods The PM process started with building a PM based on the market scoring rule, which is a mechanism that automatically adjusts prices through the calculation of the price function by the market maker. Analysis of data according to the PM process. Since March 19, 2022, participants in Thailand’s pharmaceutical industry have been using online Zoom sessions to engage in purposive selection for trading contracts, following the submission of consent forms. Qualitative data analysis will be conducted using thematic analysis. Results A total of 28 participants. In the first round, participants were interested in investing in the sustained release, orodispersible tablet, and soft gelatin capsule. The second round was after receiving the dosage form information. Participants adjusted their investments to sustained release, orodispersible tablets, and nasal spray, by choosing to invest in the nasal spray dosage form because the company has the potential to produce. In the final round to confirm investment results the top three participants were sustained release, orodispersible tablet, and nasal spray dosage form. Conclusion The dosage forms industry is expected to produce IMDs in the future, including sustained release, orodispersible tablets, and nasal spray.
Rainbow families’ rights in the EU – how the Court of Justice of the European Union is juggling fundamental rights, free movement and national identity clause
Authors: Harasimiuk Dominika Ewa
Published: February 2025

Background The goal of this article is to analyse the multilevel judicial system within the EU in the context of the preliminary procedures relating to the issues of same-sex family rights. During the past six years, the CJEU has dealt with major cases touching upon the intersection of fundamental rights (respect for private and family life), EU citizenship law on free movement, and the respect of national/constitutional identity which is guaranteed under art. 4.2 TUE. The common feature of the cases in Coman (C-673/16), VMA (C-490/20) and RPO (C-2/21) is the attempt of EU citizens to challenge administrative decisions of their states’ authorities refusing to recognise the civil law status of members of the same sex family. EU citizens relied on EU law to protect their rights. Methods The article develops a qualitative analysis of both case law and policy measures that shape the approach to recognise the rights of rainbow families in the EU. As a secondary source, the relevant scholarly literature is analysed. Results The results presented in the article show the assumed integrating power of the CJEU judgments, which influence the judicial practice of the member states. The authority of the CJEU, its quasi-normative powers, stretch outside of the mere judicial application of law to find the balance between national identity, public policy, and fundamental rights. Conclusions The CJEU judgments have strengthened the legislative proposals of the Commission aiming at the mutual recognition of parenthood between the Member States.
The genome sequence of the Alder Moth, Acronicta alni (Linnaeus, 1767)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Boyes Clare ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2025

We present a genome assembly from a male Acronicta alni (Alder Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 470.37 megabases and 472.86 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (98.95%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.38 kilobases in length.
Half-wedge osteotomy and reverse repositioning for dorsal malunion distal radius fracture: a preliminary report with a case series
Authors: Kim Sangwoo , Park Hyunsik , Whang Jongick
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Treatment options for distal radius malunion with dorsal angulation include open-wedge osteotomy using a volar approach or closed-wedge osteotomy. An advantage of open-wedge osteotomy is that it preserves the length of the radius; however, it often requires bone grafting and presents difficulties in achieving reduction. In contrast, closed-wedge osteotomy makes correction easier, but it requires ulnar shortening osteotomy. Therefore, in this study, we propose an effective surgical method that compensates for the disadvantages of both techniques by using half-wedge osteotomy and rotational placement.Methods: This study presents five cases of distal radius corrective osteotomy and ulnar shortening osteotomy performed at our institution using half-wedge osteotomy and rotational placement for distal radius malunion between 2017 and 2021. Surgical efficacy was evaluated by assessing radiographic changes, visual analog scale scores, and the quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score postoperatively.Results: The bone union was achieved in all cases, and computed tomography scans performed 6 months postoperatively showed ongoing bone healing. Postoperative dorsal tilt was restored to the normal range, and the clinical scores improved.Conclusion: Half-wedge osteotomy and reverse repositioning for dorsal malunion distal radius are effective treatments, as they facilitate the correction of malunion, reduce the need for ulnar shortening length, and eliminate the need for bone grafting from the iliac crest.
Management of carpal bone fractures other than the scaphoid: a narrative review
Authors: Oh Myung Jae , Oh Chi-Hoon , Kang Jong Woo
Published: February 2025

While scaphoid injuries are the most common carpal bone injuries, injuries to other carpal bones also occur frequently, accounting for about 40% of all carpal bone injuries. These non-scaphoid injuries are often complex, typically resulting from high-energy trauma and involving damage to two or more carpal bones or surrounding soft tissues. The carpus is a complex joint with eight carpal bones, making an accurate initial diagnosis challenging in many cases. A missed diagnosis or delayed treatment can lead to complications such as malunion, nonunion, avascular necrosis, and carpal instability. These complications can result in arthritis, neurovascular compression, and tendon rupture, causing chronic pain and functional impairment of the wrist joint. Therefore, careful attention to diagnosis and treatment is essential at the time of injury.
Managing anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery: an observational study in a Polish hospital
Authors: Anguas Monica Garcia , Seva-Llor Ana Myriam , Cabrera Beyrouti Ruben , Michalska Paulina , Głowacka Mariola
Published: February 2025

Aim. Anxiety is a negative emotion experienced by individuals when facing a surgical process, which could lead to post-surgical complications such as pain, nausea, and prolonged recovery. Preoperative education is essential as part of nursing care in surgical management. This study describes the prevalence of anxiety in a group of Polish patients before cataract surgery.
Material and methods. Ninety-nine patients were consecutively included in the same study group. Anxiety was measured using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) and the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A). Strict monitoring of vital signs was conducted.
Results. A total of 62% women and 38% men participated in the study, with 78% having no previous surgeries, and 32% experiencing severe anxiety. Most patients undergoing cataract surgery for the first time had the need for more information regarding the procedure, especially regarding the type of surgery. Post-surgical pain was observed in 27% of the sample, with a tendency for less pain in those patients who had experienced lower anxiety. It is evident that greater information correlates with lower levels of preoperative anxiety and consequently fewer complications such as pain.
Conclusions. Increased individualized information as part of the nursing care plan in the patient care process reduces preoperative anxiety and improves post-surgical pain.

Key words: anxiety, education, nursing, professional competence, cataract
Introducing ROHO Hybrid Select Cushion
Authors: Young Carole
Published: February 2025

This article first describes the presentation, impact, prevalence and aetiology of pressure ulceration in wheelchair users. It then explores how to assess the risk of a wheelchair user developing a pressure ulcer and how to reduce this risk with effective skin care, moisture management and surface support, as well as repositioning, nutrition and advice. The article concludes by examining the clinical benefits of wheelchair support surfaces and how to select a cushion from the reactive, dynamic and hybrid types available, with a focus on the ROHO Hybrid Select Cushion (Permobil).
Emotions and the body
Authors: Górecka Ewa
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study are literary images of
emotions related to feeling a crippled body in
Olga Tokarczuk’s prose. These include crippled
individuals and the people around them. Another
area of interest is the experience of using
a prosthesis as an organ surrogate. Using the
concept of emotions proposed by Plutchik, who
understands them as adaptive behaviors (anger,
disgust, sadness, surprise, fear, trust, joy, premonition),
I look at the creation of literary portraits
with particular emphasis on the role of ethopoeia
and prosopography (Todorov). It turns out that
the writer highlights fear and surprise, i. e. negative
emotions, but at the same time, notes the complexity
of the world and human nature, including
ambivalence, and she emphasizes premonitions
and interest. Lameness in her prose evokes strong
emotions that are rarely directly specified. Mostly
unnamed, they emerge from literary portraits
and images. In the first of these, Tokarczuk often
gives voice to other characters, or to the narrator,
balancing between ethopeia and prosopography
so that the reader, when reconstructing the
image of the crippled character, notices both the
emotions of the literary character and the people
around. The images, in turn, direct the audience’s
attention to the culture within which the disability
is interpreted (the Netherlands in the 18th century,
the Eastern Borderlands during World War II,
the present day).
Mission-Based vs. Enrollment-Based Institutions: Segmented Governance at a Catholic Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI)
Authors: Garcia Gina Ann , Morgan Demetri L.
Published: February 2025

Despite the increase in Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs), the role of governing boards in advancing servingness is under-examined. Guided by two organizational frameworks that offer paradigmatic shifts for enrollment based institutions (Multidimensional Conceptual Framework for Understanding Servingness in HSIs) and governance (Equity X Governance), we explored how trustees at one Catholic HSI make sense of their HSI identity in relation to the fiduciary duty of obedience. Drawing from an 18-month research-based partnership that included multiple data sources, we used in-depth interviews to center the voices of six trustees. Findings illuminate a mission-segmented approach to governance exemplified by the trustees’ comfort in understanding their mission-based Catholic identity while evading the enrollment-based HSI identity. We argue that trustees must understand HSIs as unique and offer recommendations for research and practice, calling attention to the distinct role of boards in influencing servingness.
Controllable microwave pulse generation in actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator based on electro-optic dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Xu Tian , Liu Yixuan , Lyu Weiqiang , Xu Ziwei , Zhang Lingjie , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Zhiyao , Li Heping , Liu Yong
Published: February 2025

We present and demonstrate what we believe to be a novel approach to realizing controllable microwave pulse generation based on an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (AML-OEO) employing an electro-optic dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM). One radio-frequency (RF) port of the DDMZM is utilized to achieve feedback of the microwave pulse signal self-oscillated from the AML-OEO cavity, and the other RF port of the DDMZM is injected by an external low-frequency signal to realize mode locking. Through adjusting the direct-current (DC) bias voltage applied to the DDMZM, the gain distribution curve of the AML-OEO cavity varies accordingly, leading to the generation of microwave pulse trains with switchable repetition rates or definable pulse positions. Numerical simulation and experiment are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results show that microwave pulse trains with repetition rates identical to the free spectral range (FSR) of the cavity and half of the FSR are generated by tuning the applied DC bias voltage. Besides, microwave pulses with definable temporal positions are generated under a fixed repetition rate.
Simulation and assessment of spaceborne hybrid Doppler wind lidar, part 1: the spaceborne two-beam stepping direct detection Doppler wind lidar
Authors: Long Wenrui , Dai Guangyao , Wu Songhua , Sun Kangwen , Zhai Xiaochun , Xu Na , Shang Jian , Hu Xiuqing
Published: February 2025

Accurately measuring wind fields is crucial for weather forecasting, climate and meteorological research, aeronautical flights, and wind resource exploitation. Spaceborne Doppler wind lidar has become an important instrument for observing the vertical profile of the global wind field, with the successful operation of Aeolus. The third generation of FengYun polar-orbiting meteorological satellites is initially designed to develop a dual-system Doppler wind measurement lidar technology program that integrates direct and coherent detection lidar, making full use of the observational advantages of the two methods to detect the global wind field with high resolution. As the first part of a series of simulation demonstration research, this paper presents an end-to-end simulation model for the spaceborne direct detection Doppler lidar system, which is designed to meet the three-dimensional wind detection requirements in the middle and upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The simulated spaceborne lidar will work at 355 nm and will deploy the dual-edge detection technique based on parallel-designed Fabry-Pérot filters for frequency discrimination. Referring to the application experience of the Aeolus simulator in demonstration and evaluation, the direct detection lidar simulation model developed in this study can be used to simulate the observation performance of the wind field and develop retrieval algorithms. Moreover, a gridded global atmospheric parameter model is constructed with the usage of the aerosol and carbon detection lidar (ACDL) in-orbit measurements and meteorological reanalysis data to provide as realistic an atmospheric background field as possible for the simulation model. In order to achieve the effective observation of horizontal wind speed and direction, this paper proposes a two-beam stepping detection mode and optimizes the angle design of the observation beam to achieve a better detection response for both the meridional wind component and the zonal wind component. By using this spaceborne dual-beam direct detection lidar global simulation, taking the global wind field simulation at the altitude of 10 km in July 2022 as an example, the modeled horizontal wind speed error is less than 2 m/s, and the wind direction error is less than 8° in most areas.
Wideband chaos generation using VCSELs with intensity-modulated chaotic optical injection
Authors: Chen Runyu , Cai Qiang , Guo Pengfei , Zhang Jianguo , Li Pu , Alan Shore K. , Qin Yuwen , Wang Yuncai
Published: February 2025

We propose what we believe to be a novel approach for generating wideband chaos via intensity-modulated chaotic optical injection, utilizing chaotic signals produced by a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Two injection configurations are considered: parallel injection and orthogonal injection. Specifically, we examine the effect of injection parameters, including injection strength and frequency detuning, on the chaos radio frequency spectrum bandwidth. The numerical simulation confirms that intensity modulation can destroy the injection-locking state which occurs in unidirectional injection and increase the chaos bandwidth by introducing additional frequency components. For this system, the chaotic region extends over the entire parameter space having, in some cases, chaos bandwidths more than double that of free-running chaos, with a maximum bandwidth of 47.9 GHz.
Observation of canalized phonon polaritons in a single α-MoO3 flake
Authors: Wang Kun , Huang Zhongao , Xiong Langlang , Wang Kai , Bai Yihua , Long Hua , Deng Nan , Wang Bing , Hu Guangwei , Lu Peixiang
Published: February 2025

The canalization effect of phonon polaritons (PhPs) shows highly directional and diffraction-less propagation characteristics in van der Waals (vdW) materials, offering new opportunities to mold the light flow at nanoscale for near-field energy, information, and thermal management. Previously, canalized PhPs have only been experimentally realized in the hexagonal boron nitride metasurface, heterostructures of twisted α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) crystal flakes, or the hybridized system. However, these systems typically have complex structures, and require strict operational conditions, such as fine structural parameters, a specific photonic magic angle, or a doping level of graphene, for realizing polariton canalization with a modest performance. Here, we demonstrate the high-quality PhPs canalization in a single natural α-MoO3 crystal flake. The canalized PhPs exhibit the highly directional and diffraction-free propagation features associated with lateral confinement ratios up to λ0/80 (where λ0 is the free-space wavelength of the incident laser). We believe this work is important to effectively manipulate PhPs in natural vdW materials, with potential applications in nanoimaging, directional energy transfer, and enhanced nonlinearity at the deep subwavelength scale.
Predicting patent challenges for small-molecule drugs: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Memedovich Ally , Steele Brian , Orr Taylor , Chaudhry Shanzeh , Tadrous Mina , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Hollis Aidan , Beall Reed F.
Published: February 2025

Background

The high cost of prescription drugs in the United States is maintained by brand-name manufacturers’ competition-free period made possible in part through patent protection, which generic competitors must challenge to enter the market early. Understanding the predictors of these challenges can inform policy development to encourage timely generic competition. Identifying categories of drugs systematically overlooked by challengers, such as those with low market size, highlights gaps where unchecked patent quality and high prices persist, and can help design policy interventions to help promote timely patient access to generic drugs including enhanced patent scrutiny or incentives for challenges. Our objective was to characterize and assess the extent to which market size and other drug characteristics can predict patent challenges for brand-name drugs.

Methods and findings

This cross-sectional study included new patented small-molecule drugs approved by the FDA from 2007 to 2018. Market size, patent, and patent challenge data came from IQVIA MIDAS pharmaceutical quarterly sales data, the FDA’s Orange Book database, and the FDA’s Paragraph IV list. Predictive models were constructed using random forest and elastic net classification. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a patent challenge within the first year of eligibility. Of the 210 new small-molecule drugs included in the sample, 55% experienced initiation of patent challenge within the first year of eligibility. Market value was the most important predictor variable, with larger markets being more likely to be associated with patent challenges. Drugs in the anti-infective therapeutic class or those with fast-track approval were less likely to be challenged. The limitations of this work arise from the exclusion of variables that were not readily available publicly, will be the target of future research, or were deemed beyond the scope of this project.

Conclusions

Generic competition does not occur with the same timeliness across all drug markets, which can leave granted patents of questionable merit in place and sustain high brand-name drug prices. Predictive models may help direct limited resources for post-grant patent validity review and adjust policy when generic competition is lacking.