bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Komparatif The Day Of The Week Effectmdan The Month Of The Year Effect Dalam Perolehan Return Saham Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Perusahaan LQ 45 Periode Februari 2017-Januari 2018
Authors: Indra Laksmana Komang Agus Rudi , Sri Artika Dewi Ni Luh Gede
Published: April 2021

The concept of the efficient capital markets has become a topic of debate is fascinating and quite controversial in the field of finance. Since the introduction his the efficient market hypothesis, comes a variety of behavior of irregularity or discrepancy in the capital markets. Irregularity is referred to as a market anomaly (market anomaly). The Market anomaly that became a lot of attention is the anomalous effect of calendar. These anomalies are the day of the week effect and the month of the year effect. This research was conducted due to the results of several studies that are not consistent on the day of the week effect and the month of the year effect in obtaining the return of shares in Indonesia stock exchange.
KEBIJAKAN KEUANGAN NEGARA JERMAN DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID - 19
Authors: Pratiwi Manik
Published: April 2021

Germany is a country in Europe that has successfully faced the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the economy in its country. This study aims to determine the financial policies of the German state in facing the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that Germany is implementing the right financial policies to sustain the country's economy due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The assistance carried out aims to support companies, businesses, entrepreneurs, associations and institutions that are directly and indirectly affected by the temporary closure due to the Covid - 19 pandemic.
History of whaling in AnnobÃ³n, Equatorial Guinea, and new evidence of its continued occurrence
Authors: Fielding Russell , Barrientos Christian
Published: April 2021

A regular, though infrequent, artisanal whaling operation targeting humpback whales has been known to occur from the West African island of AnnobÃ³n, Equatorial Guinea, since the late 18th century. Little has been known outside of Equatorial Guinea about this whaling operation since the mid-1970s. This paper presents a brief history of AnnobonÃ©s whaling, describes recently surfaced evidence of its continuation as recently as 2017 and considers the future of the operation.
Herramientas para la docencia de control digital en grados de ingeniería
Authors: Lerma E. , Costa-Castelló R. , Griñó R. , Sanchis C.
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se describen un conjunto de materiales pedagógicos que han sido desarrollados para dar soporte a la docencia del control digital. En particular, se presentan un conjunto de herramientas interactivas y el proyecto Duino-Based Learning (DBL) pensado para desarrollar prácticas experimentales de control digital utilizando Arduino. Además, se describe el contenido de un curso de control digital, que  se imparte en el marco de una titulación de ingeniería industrial, y como se utilizan las diferentes herramientas desarrolladas en su docencia.
Bat guano minerals and mineralization processes in Chameau Cave, Eastern Morocco
Authors: Audra Philippe , Heresanu Vasile , Barriquand Lionel , El Kadiri Boutchich Mohamed , Jaillet Stephane , Pons-Branchu Edwige , Bosak Pavel , Cheng Hai , Edwards R Lawrence , Renda Michel
Published: April 2021

The decay of bat guano deposits in caves produces mineral accumulations, mainly phosphates and secondary sulfates. Chameau Cave, Eastern Morocco, is located in the semi-arid Bni Snassen Mountains. It is composed of semi-active and dry passages, and is featured by strong condensation-corrosion on the walls, presence of fluvial sediments, and old corroded flowstones. Due to forced and convective airflow, the cave is generally very dry, with some damp sites related to condensation. Samples collected on the surface of different passages and along two sediment profiles yielded minerals related to bat guano decay. On recent or fresh guano, precursor minerals correspond to sulfate (gypsum), phosphate-sulfate (ardealite) and phosphate (brushite). Phosphates (hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite) occur at the interface with host rock or carbonate speleothems. At the contact of phyllosilicates contained in allogenic fluvial deposits or shale partings, or with pyrite-rich sediments, various phosphates occur (Al-rich strengite, Fe-rich variscite, phosphosiderite, leucophosphite, spheniscidite, crandallite, minyulite, variscite, and strengite), the latter two minerals being the stable end-members. Black seams of oxyhydroxides (goethite, hematite, birnessite) line the contact between carbonate host rock and weathered fluvial deposits. After “digestion” by acidic guano leachates, fluvial deposits only display the most resistant minerals (quartz, muscovite, K-feldspars and Na-plagioclases) and weathering byproducts (kaolinite). We discuss the origin of a pure gypsum particle cone, possibly related to evaporation at the edge of a wet cupola and subsequent detachment of sulfate particles. Among environmental conditions, humidity is required for decay. In this dry cave, most of the damp originates from either permanent or seasonal condensation. Dust particle advection seems to be essential in providing compounds that are not present on fresh guano (quartz, clay minerals). Bat guano phosphatization has probably occurred since >100 ka. The Chameau Cave appears as an outstanding site for bat guano-related minerals (n = 12), including rare phosphates (spheniscidite and minyulite).
Net Present CO2 Reductions – A Measure for an Adequate Evaluation of Green Initiatives
Authors: Øvlisen Frederik Roose
Published: April 2021

When assessing a green initiative, the standard approach is an application of the classical discounting of future gains converted into monetary terms. In doing so, significant uncertainties about the future value of CO2 reductions are introduced. The current alternative is to measure the CO2 reductions in a single reference year, e.g. 2030 or 2050. This does not take into account the CO2 reduction trajectory process during the years up to, and after, the reference year. In this paper, a new basis for decision making is presented, in which discounting of the CO2 reductions is measured in tonnes. In this approach, the discount factor takes into account the impatience implied from the tipping point theory. Furthermore, such a measure would adequately reflect the entire CO2 reduction profile of the initiative in question, rather than being restricted to focusing on the impact in a (single) selected reference year.
Appendices bij Sociale betekenis en taalvariatie in luisterverhalen voor Vlaamse kinderen
Authors: Jacobs Catho , Marzo Stefania , Zenner Eline
Published: April 2021

Appendices bij tijdschriftartikel
METOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DE SAÚDE A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Neto Edgard Lindesay , Souza Lucieny de Faria
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Ao longo dos anos tem se utilizado novos métodos de ensinoaprendizagem, onde o professor deixa de ser o único responsável pelo aprendizado do aluno, o docente se torna um mediador do conteúdo, onde o discente deixa de receber apenas o conteúdo de maneira passiva, agora absorvendo também de forma ativa. Os métodos ativos de ensino permitem o aluno, aprender fazendo. Ao longo do ano de 2020 com a pandemia de COVID-19, o ensino de graduação passou a vigorar de forma online e a distância. Esta nova realidade nos trouxe adaptações na forma online de ensinar, trazendo os métodos ativos também para o ensino a distância. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da utilização de metodologia ativa no ensino online. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quase exploratório, relatando a experiência vivida ao longo de 2020 no ensino online com metodologias ativas aos alunos de graduação da área da saúde. Resultados: A utilização de metodologia ativa como sala de aula invertida, mapa mental e aprendizagem baseada em times quando associadas a aulas expositivas anteriores a aplicação do método, se mostraram mais eficazes do que a aplicação de método em conteúdo que não foi abordado antes. Observou-se que as limitações de dispositivo adequado para acompanhar aulas. A conexão com a internet pode ser um interferente. Os métodos ativos de aprendizagem necessitam do engajamento dos alunos. Os docentes necessitam de ferramentas adequadas e treinamento para utiliza-las. Conclusão: As metodologias ativas permitem os alunos aprender fazendo, porém as faltas de dispositivo adequado bem como internet com velocidade necessária podem comprometer o processo de aprendizagem, os alunos precisam acreditar na forma de ensino aprendizagem, pois na metodologia os discentes são os atores principais do ensino, não mais o professor. Os métodos ativos precisam ser associados a aula expositivas para se obter maior resultado. Os professores precisam ser treinados constantemente as novas metodologias de ensino, pois estes assumem um novo papel no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
APRENDIZADO CIENTÍFICO E A PERCEPÇÃO POSITIVA DOS ESTUDANTES À RESPEITO DAS APRESENTAÇÕES DE TCC REALIZADAS DURANTE UMA SEMANA CIENTÍFICA ON-LINE
Authors: dos Santos Guilherme Natan Paino , Mendes Ademir Aparecido Pinhelli
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Devido ao surto de Covid-19 que ocasionou a necessidade do isolamento social, as atividades realizadas remotamente ganharam destaque. Por este motivo, uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) que oferta cursos na modalidade Ead, realizou de forma on-line sua VIII Semana Científica, organizada da seguinte forma: a cada dia havia uma palestra voltada à pesquisa científica na educação; posteriormente um estudante da graduaçao apresentava a pesquisa que realizou em seu trabalho de conclusão de curso (TCC). Objetivos: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar as percepções dos estudantes a cerca do aprendizado científico durante a participação no evento e saber qual (is) dos temas abordados foram mais significativos para eles. Material e métodos: Após o término do evento enviou-se aos estudantes um questionário de opnião via Google Forms, contendo nove perguntas objetivas e uma questão discursiva. Posteriormente as respostas foram organizadas e analisadas. Resultados: Foram obtidas 152 respostas, extraindo-se delas dois indicadores principais: I- Os conteúdos ministrados promoveram aprendizado científico para os estudantes; II- As apresentações de TCC foram elencadas como o conteúdo mais significativo para eles. Conclusão: Com as evidências encontradas, considera-se que os conteúdos ministrados promoveram um aprendizado científico para os estudantes, sendo este fato importante para a IES promotora do evento, já que entende-se que este é um dos objetivos de uma semana científica. Aleḿ disso, as apresentações de TCC foram elencadas como conteúdo mais significativo para os discentes, isto podendo ser justificado pelo fato destas terem contribuido de forma prática, para a compreensão dos estudantes que futuramente desenvolverão trabalhos deste tipo, sobre como se da o planejameno e a execução de um TCC. Por fim, os dados obtidos podem ser utilizados pelas IES como base para o desenvolvimento de outras semanas científicas, promotoras do aprendizado científico e com conteúdos relevantes para seus participantes.
PRÁTICA DOCENTE: UM MÉTODO PROFISSIONAL DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, EM VIRTUDE DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 COM AULAS NÃO PRESENCIAIS
Authors: Nascimento Rosany da Silva , Anselmo Márcio Laranjeira
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Os métodos ensinados no Componente Curricular, Educação Física, consisti elaborar cada vez mais pesquisas educacionais, identificando no contexto geral, origens, bem como importâncias desses estudos a sociedade, contribuindo com aspectos essenciais que tange a ótica da aprendizagem significativa, em virtude das aulas não presenciais, colocando práticas metodologias ativas originando propostas e abordagens embasadas nos PCN+, ratificadas nos fundamentos da LDB nº 9394/96, paralelo às procedências da regulamentação da BNCC. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem ênfase no acompanhamento e correções de cadernos, proveniente de atividades orientadas pelo professor, em tempos da pandemia COVID – 19 especifica na Educação Física. Material e métodos: A sistematização proposta deu-se em etapas distintas. Primeiramente, desenvolveu-se levantamento entre professores lotados na escola, constatando quantitativamente cadernos, a ser corrigidos pelos profissionais. Simultâneo ao suporte pedagógico, as turmas foram comunicadas em textos, em grupos Whatsapp, intermediados por professores monitores, quais notificaram alunos e responsáveis, firmando entrega dos cadernos, para correções das atividades, encaminhadas no ensino remoto, e, executar assim, pontuações aos alunos, suprindo lacunas de notas do 2º/3º bimestre. Consoante, foi marcado data/hora, atendendo protocolo estabelecido pela equipe diretiva aos responsáveis, respeitando, contudo, orientações das normas da saúde. Na terceira etapa, em salas divididas, no período de 10/06/2020, professores realizaram as correções dos cadernos, registrando quantitativos de alunos participantes especificamente alunado da 3º série. Resultados: Como êxito, destacam-se no contexto da abordagem quantitativa, 32 cadernos corrigidos na turma 3º-1, 31/3º-2, 34/3º-3, 34/3º-4, 30/3º-5, 29/3º-6, 30/3º-7, e 36/3º-8. Entretanto, correspondem 256 alunos remotos ativos, embora 46 ausências, de 302 alunos matriculados no componente, justificadas, à falta de internet, contribuído a crise estabelecida na sociedade amazonense, com perdas familiares de alunos. Conclusão: Portanto o professor regente quando proporciona significativas evoluções no contexto da aprendizagem, consegue efetivar a diferença no seu comprometimento profissional, alcançando assim, as metas, e objetivos embasados na BNCC.
EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA VIRTUALIZADA FRENTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID19
Authors: Ribeiro Júlio César de Paula , Haddad Michele Ribeiro , de Freitas Vitória Machado Rodrigues Sousa , Guerreiro Laura Gama
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O ano de 2020 foi marcado pelo início da pandemia da covid-19, um vírus agressivo que atingiu o mundo todo, carregando diversos desafios em inúmeras áreas. Na tentativa de evitar a propagação do vírus, foi necessária a instauração de um protocolo para impedir a socialização das pessoas. Uma área atingida foi a educação, acarretando no trancamento das instituições, encerrando por tempo indeterminado as aulas presenciais. A educação é um direito garantido em lei, sendo fundamental para o desenvolvimento como ser social. O país diante desse cenário, mobilizou o poder público educacional para encontrar as soluções de se continuar o ensino, utilizando as aulas remotas. Objetivo: Analisar os benefícios da educação à distância em meio à pandemia da covid-19. Material e métodos: A pesquisa classifica-se como bibliográfica, uma vez que foi necessário utilizar fontes secundárias, baseados em teorias e artigos científicos. Como técnica foi utilizado a análise de documentos, sendo necessário buscar leis e regulamentos a respeito da educação a distância e seus benefícios. Resultados: Percebeuse que o ensino a distância tem suprido a necessidade atual que é a do ensino, mas deixa a desejar no quesito convivência. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, que o ensino a distância tem suprido as necessidades básicas de ensino, porém é necessária uma maior estratégia de implementação, uma vez que o ensino remoto deve tentar reduzir os efeitos indesejáveis do isolamento social
A COLABORAÇÃO DO ENSINO VIRTUALIZADO DENTRO DA PERSPECTIVA EDUCACIONAL
Authors: de Freitas Vitória Machado Rodrigues Sousa , Haddad Michele Ribeiro , Ribeiro Júlio César de Paula , Guerreiro Laura Gama
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A praticidade da educação a distância facilitou a entrada de milhões de pessoas na escola. Com o advento das formas de comunicação por meios tecnológicos, passou a existir a possibilidade da educação se estender para além dos livros físicos e aulas presenciais, permitindo um alcance cada vez maior de indivíduos interessados em estudar ou aprofundar estudos. O ensino a distancia rompeu parte da barreira da desigualdade, e teve seu surgimento necessário para fomentar o cumprimento do direito básico de qualquer cidadão ao estudo, aproximando aqueles que antes possuíam parcas perspectivas de futuro, por terem que se deslocar quilômetros para acessarem uma instituição. Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição do ensino virtualizado à perspectiva educacional. Material e métodos: O trabalho foi baseado em pesquisas bibliográficas com caráter discursivo, objetivando averiguar os benefícios do ensino a distancia, e se este se mostra frutífero e eficiente. Resultados: Percebeu-se que o ensino virtualizado ainda carece de avanços para expandir as possibilidades de ensino e oportunidades de aprendizagem, apesar dessa modalidade já constituir grande avanço no desenvolvimento educacional da população. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o ensino a distância se faz frutífero, por promover maior alcance de indivíduos interessados em estudar, além de promover novas possibilidades às instituições de ensino. Contudo, os interesses individuais devem ser considerados, sendo necessário implementar medidas que promovam a interação social dos indivíduos, enquanto alunos.
EDUCAR NA ERA DIGITAL: AS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS PERMEANDO O ‘FAZER PEDAGÓGICO’ NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Setelet Raquel Borges , Carino Luciano , Santana Ana Carolina de Oliveira , Ávila Wellington , Maruyama Úrsula
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O Censo Escolar 2019, realizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep), registrou que as matrículas na educação infantil crescem 12,6% nos últimos cinco anos, impulsionado pelas matrículas em creches, com 167.800 registros a mais do que no ano anterior, uma variação de 4,7%. É importante respeitar as especificidades da criança dessa faixa etária, considerando suas particularidades. Construir propostas integradoras, pautadas nas brincadeiras e na interação, é condição necessária à promoção de processos de Alfabetização Científica. Compreende-se que a aproximação entre a cultura da criança e a científica pode ocorrer a qualquer momento de seu desenvolvimento. Objetivo: A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar o processo de educar na Era Digital, a partir da utilização de novas tecnologias permeando o ‘fazer pedagógico’ na Educação Infantil. Material e métodos: O trabalho pautou-se em pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, cujas informações foram obtidas por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizada para retratar conceitos relacionados ao ato educativo, à criança, à infância, entre outros aspectos, ligados à realidade infantil ao longo da história. Como objeto de estudo foi feito uma análise do livro Reorientação Curricular na Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental (Prefeitura de Osasco-SP). Resultados: De acordo com a temática contextualizada foi apontada que a tecnologia promove um diálogo permanente entre a criança e o mundo e que unir ludicidade a diferentes e múltiplos contextos midiáticos possibilitam às crianças condições cada vez mais inovadoras e diversificadas de aprendizagem. Revelou-se ainda, que as atividades desenvolvidas com os recursos midiáticos, favorecem novas oportunidades educativas, porém, integradas num todo, atribuindo e reforçando o seu sentido. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a integração de novos projetos educativos potencializa a inovação de forma de acesso e do desenvolvimento de saberes, considerando as tecnologias digitais não como um objetivo, mas um meio, poderoso, para construção do conhecimento.
A COMPLEXIDADE DO ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA NO ‘FAZER DOCENTE’
Authors: da Rocha Pablo Marlon Pires , Ávila Wellington , Freitas Lara Brunelle Almeida , Silva Marcos Antonio , Maruyama Úrsula Gomes
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A presente pesquisa possui como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos docentes de nível superior atuantes na educação à distância (EaD) no município do Rio de Janeiro no que tange aos reflexos causados pela ciência e tecnologia, analisando o que os motiva em trabalhar na modalidade EaD. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa é a analisar a contribuição da temática no âmbito acadêmico de maneira a proporcionar mais qualidade para o EaD. Material e métodos: Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos foram baseados em pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e documental, sendo aplicado um questionário para 18 docentes atuantes no ensino superior à distância no ano de 2020, por meio de amostragem não probabilística com a utilização da plataforma Google Forms. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram que 41% dos docentes responderam que a motivação em trabalhar no EaD objetiva a ampliação do escopo de trabalho, já 19% informaram que atuam na modalidade para contribuição na formação de pessoas em diferentes regiões. Outros 19% apontaram as questões financeiras, sendo uma das maiores motivações para a adaptação. Sobre outras dificuldades no EaD, cerca de 3% responderam que não possuíam dificuldades, já 17% apontaram dificuldades na organização do tempo. Outros 17% responderam que possuíam dificuldades no interagir com os alunos e motivá-los nas atividades. 17% afirmaram que a falta de domínio das ferramentas de ensino a distância prejudica no desempenho, enquanto 12% apontaram a falta de domínio do conteúdo em algumas disciplinas na questão da formação como tutoria. Conclusão: Constatou-se que a modalidade EaD crescerá mais no cenário pós pandêmico tendo em vista que anteriormente da atual conjuntura, as instituições de ensino envidavam esforços para essa mudança, iniciando pela junção do ensino presencial e remoto, compreendido como ensino híbrido. Mas visando a garantia da qualidade do ensino, os aspectos identificados neste estudo precisam ser tratados pontualmente pelas instituições para serem solucionados.
Nueva estrategia para la gestión basada en la confianza en organizaciones empoderadas
Authors: Martínez-Falero Eugenio , Peribáñez Recio José Ramón
Published: April 2021

Este artículo propone una nueva estrategia para la gestión de organizaciones basada en la confianza. En las organizaciones empoderadas es posible realizar mediciones objetivas de la evolución de la confianza y, además, hacerlo automáticamente. La confianza es un proceso dinámico y su crecimiento o disminución es lo que aporta un significado real a las decisiones sociales. Esto inspira la estrategia propuesta: desarrollar procesos participativos mientras se produzcan aumentos de confianza y aplicar la mejor decisión obtenida hasta ese momento.
Los sistemas para medir la confianza se basan en la empatía entre los miembros de la organización, pero para su cálculo es necesaria una representación previa y homogénea de las opiniones de cada persona. La empatía entre todo par de individuos se mide a partir de la separación entre sus opiniones respectivas ante modificaciones sistemáticas en el plan de gestión de la organización. Posteriormente, se calcula la separación media. Los efectos de las interacciones entre personas se incorporan mediante modelos de simulación basados en agentes.
En cada caso de aplicación se debe determinar cuándo las mejoras marginales de confianza dejan de aportar mejoras significativas a la gestión de la organización. Para eso se adopta una regla de parada análoga a la desarrollada en los procesos de la implantación de sistemas de inteligencia artificial (IA).
El Sombrero del Sur
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Pestana dos Santos Pepetela - Artur Carlos Maurício
Published: April 2021

El Sombrero del Sur es una novela de madurez que recoge más de cuarenta años de trabajo literario, y que constituye una formulación sistémica de la obra de Pepetela con la que su escritura se inscribe en tradiciones pasadas y con perspectivas futuras. La historia de Angola es vista aquí desde el siglo XVI con ojos del siglo XXI, en un relato que presenta los recorridos vitales de personajes que a cada paso van trazando el mapa de la nación futura, anclados en el umbral entre la memoria y la esperanza y asechados por una violencia sanguinaria y heredada. Se trata de una novela cuidadosamente armada, rica en alusiones y subtextos, que invita al lector a acercarse para leerla. Las voces de la media docena de personajes que la conforman, entretejidas en un registro confesional, reivindican identidades diversas y en permanente conflicto, capaces de involucrar al lector en discusiones y choques de intereses que desdibujan las distinciones temporales de más de cuatro siglos de historia.
Quantitative analysis of proanthocyanidins (tannins) from cardinal grape (Vitis vinifera) skin and seed by RP-HPLC
Authors: Benmeziane Farida , Cadot Yves
Published: April 2021

Background: Grape phenolics are structurally diverse, from simple molecules to oligomers and polymers usually designated “tannins or proanthocyanidins (PAs)” referring to their ability to interact with proteins. Those compounds have been attributed to a great number of biological activities beneficial for human health as they act as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, etc. Aim: The objective of the current study was to quantify and to identify the PAs and determine the mean degree of polymerization (DPm) in seeds and skins of the grape cardinal variety cultivated in El-Tarf region, Algeria. Methods and Material: To determine PAs, Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (RP-HPLC-DAD) has been utilized. The DPm was determined after the reaction of thiolysis in the presence of toluene-α-thiol reagent. Results: HPLC-DAD analysis of Cardinal skin and seed extract showed that epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin (EGC) were the major constitutive units of grape skin tannins and the mean degree of polymerization (DPm) was lower for seed PAs than for skin. Conclusions: This study showed the richness of skin and grape seeds in polyphenolic compounds (PAs). Therefore, these parts of grape can be used as a potential source of bioactive molecules to promote the health of populations in this region in Algeria. Keywords: Grape, Skin, Seed, Proanthocyanidins, RP-HPLC-DAD.
The temperature dependence of ice-nucleating particle concentrations affects the radiative properties of tropical convective cloud systems
Authors: Hawker Rachel E. , Miltenberger Annette K. , Wilkinson Jonathan M. , Hill Adrian A. , Shipway Ben J. , Cui Zhiqiang , Cotton Richard J. , Carslaw Ken S. , Field Paul R. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Convective cloud systems in the maritime tropics play a critical role in
global climate, but accurately representing aerosol interactions within
these clouds persists as a major challenge for weather and climate
modelling. We quantify the effect of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) on the
radiative properties of a complex tropical Atlantic deep convective cloud
field using a regional model with an advanced double-moment microphysics
scheme. Our results show that the domain-mean daylight outgoing radiation
varies by up to 18 W m−2 depending on the chosen INP parameterisation.
The key distinction between different INP parameterisations is the
temperature dependence of ice formation, which alters the vertical
distribution of cloud microphysical processes. The controlling effect of the
INP temperature dependence is substantial even in the presence of
Hallett–Mossop secondary ice production, and the effects of secondary ice
formation depend strongly on the chosen INP parameterisation. Our results
have implications for climate model simulations of tropical clouds and
radiation, which currently do not consider a link between INP particle type
and ice water content. The results also provide a challenge to the INP
measurement community, as we demonstrate that INP concentration
measurements are required over the full mixed-phase temperature regime,
which covers around 10 orders of magnitude.
Applying machine learning methods to detect convection using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) advanced baseline imager (ABI) data
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Kummerow Christian D. , Ebert-Uphoff Imme
Published: April 2021

Abstract. An ability to accurately detect convective regions is
essential for initializing models for short-term precipitation forecasts.
Radar data are commonly used to detect convection, but radars that provide
high-temporal-resolution data are mostly available over land, and the quality
of the data tends to degrade over mountainous regions. On the other hand,
geostationary satellite data are available nearly anywhere and in near-real
time. Current operational geostationary satellites, the Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) and Satellite-17, provide high-spatial- and high-temporal-resolution data but only of cloud top properties; 1 min data, however, allow us to observe convection from visible and
infrared data even without vertical information of the convective system.
Existing detection algorithms using visible and infrared data look for
static features of convective clouds such as overshooting top or lumpy cloud
top surface or cloud growth that occurs over periods of 30 min to an
hour. This study represents a proof of concept that artificial intelligence
(AI) is able, when given high-spatial- and high-temporal-resolution data from
GOES-16, to learn physical properties of convective clouds and automate the
detection process. A neural network model with convolutional layers is proposed to identify
convection from the high-temporal resolution GOES-16 data. The model takes
five temporal images from channel 2 (0.65 µm) and 14 (11.2 µm) as
inputs and produces a map of convective regions. In order to provide
products comparable to the radar products, it is trained against Multi-Radar
Multi-Sensor (MRMS), which is a radar-based product that uses a rather
sophisticated method to classify precipitation types. Two channels from
GOES-16, each related to cloud optical depth (channel 2) and cloud top
height (channel 14), are expected to best represent features of convective
clouds: high reflectance, lumpy cloud top surface, and low cloud top
temperature. The model has correctly learned those features of convective
clouds and resulted in a reasonably low false alarm ratio (FAR) and high
probability of detection (POD). However, FAR and POD can vary depending on
the threshold, and a proper threshold needs to be chosen based on the
purpose.
Integrated water vapor and liquid water path retrieval using a single-channel radiometer
Authors: Billault-Roux Anne-Claire , Berne Alexis
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Microwave radiometers are widely used for the retrieval of liquid water path (LWP) and integrated water vapor (IWV) in the context of cloud and precipitation studies. This paper presents a new site-independent retrieval algorithm for LWP and IWV, relying on a single-frequency 89 GHz ground-based radiometer. A statistical approach is used based on a neural network, which is trained and tested on a synthetic dataset constructed from radiosonde profiles worldwide. In addition to 89 GHz brightness temperature, the input features include surface measurements of temperature, pressure, and humidity, as well as geographical information and, when available, estimates of IWV and LWP from reanalysis data. An analysis of the algorithm is presented to assess its accuracy, the impact of the various input features, its sensitivity to radiometer calibration, and its stability across geographical locations. While 89 GHz brightness temperature is crucial to LWP retrieval, it only moderately contributes to IWV estimation, which is more constrained by the additional input features. The algorithm is shown to be quite robust, although its accuracy is inevitably lower than that obtained with state-of-the-art multi-channel radiometers, with a relative error of 18 % for LWP (in cloudy cases with LWP >30 g m−2) and 6.5 % for IWV. The highest accuracy is obtained in midlatitude environments with a moderately moist climate, which are more represented in the training dataset. The new method is then implemented and evaluated on real data that were collected during a field deployment in Switzerland and during the ICE-POP 2018 campaign in South Korea.
Evolution under dark conditions of particles from old and modern diesel vehicles, in a new environmental chamber characterized with fresh exhaust emissions
Authors: Vansevenant Boris , Louis Cédric , Ferronato Corinne , Fine Ludovic , Tassel Patrick , Perret Pascal , Kostenidou Evangelia , Temime-Roussel Brice , D'Anna Barbara , Sartelet Karine , Cerezo Véronique , Liu Yao
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric particles have several impacts on health and environment, especially in urban areas. Part of those particles is not fresh, and has undergone atmospheric chemical and physical processes. Due to not representative experimental conditions, and experimental artifacts such as particle wall losses in chambers, there are uncertainties on the effects of physical processes (condensation, nucleation and coagulation) and how they act on particles from modern vehicles. This study develops a new method to correct wall losses, accounting for size dependence and experiment-to-experiment variations, and applies it to the evolution of fresh diesel exhaust particles to characterize the physical processes acting on them. The correction method is based on the black carbon decay and a size-dependent coefficient to correct particle distributions. Exhaust from 6 diesel passenger cars, Euro 3 to Euro 6, driven on a chassis dynamometer with Artemis Urban cold start and Artemis Motorway cycles, was injected in an 8 m3 chamber with Teflon walls. The physical evolution of particles was characterized during 6 to 10 hours. Condensation occurs even without photochemical reactions, due to the presence of intermediate volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds which were quantified at emission, and induces a particle mass increase up to 17 %.h−1, mainly for the older vehicles (Euro 3 and Euro 4). Condensation is 4 times faster when the available particle surface if multiplied by 3. If initial particle number concentration is below [8–9] × 104 #.cm−3, it can increase up to 25 %.h−1 due to nucleation or condensation on particles below 14 nm. Above this threshold, particle number concentration decreases due to coagulation, up to −27 %.h−1.
GNSS-based water vapor estimation and validation during the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Männel Benjamin , Zus Florian , Dick Galina , Glaser Susanne , Semmling Maximilian , Balidakis Kyriakos , Wickert Jens , Maturilli Marion , Dahlke Sandro , Schuh Harald
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Within the transpolar drifting expedition MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate), GNSS was used among other techniques to monitor variations in atmospheric water vapor. Based on 15 months of continuously tracked GNSS data including GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, epoch-wise coordinates and hourly zenith total delays (ZTD) were determined using a kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) approach. The derived ZTD values agree to 1.1 ± 0.2 mm (RMS of the differences 10.2 mm) with the numerical weather data of ECMWF’s latest reanalysis, ERA5, computed for the derived ship’s locations. This level of agreement is also confirmed by comparing the on-board estimates with ZTDs derived for terrestrial GNSS stations in Bremerhaven and Ny Ålesund and for the radio telescopes observing Very Long Baseline Interferometry in Ny Ålesund. Preliminary estimates of integrated water vapor derived from frequently launched radiosondes are used to assess the GNSS-derived integrated water vapor estimates. The overall difference of 0.08 ± 0.04 kg m−2 (RMS of the differences 1.47 kg m−2) demonstrates a good agreement between GNSS and radiosonde data. Finally, the water vapor variations associated with two warm air intrusion events in April 2020 are assessed.
“Thanks for helping me find my enthusiasm for physics”: the lasting impacts “research in schools” projects can have on students, teachers, and schools
Authors: Archer Martin O. , DeWitt Jennifer
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Using 6 years of evaluation data, we assess the medium- and long-term
impacts upon a diverse range of students, teachers, and schools from
participating in a programme of protracted university-mentored projects
based on cutting-edge space science, astronomy, and particle physics research. After having completed their 6-month-long projects, the 14–18-year-old school students report having substantially increased in confidence relating to relevant scientific topics and methods as
well as having developed numerous skills, outcomes which are corroborated
by teachers. There is evidence that the projects helped increase students'
aspirations towards physics, whereas science aspirations (generally
high to begin with) were typically maintained or confirmed through
their involvement. Longitudinal evaluation 3 years later has revealed
that these projects have been lasting experiences for students which
they have benefited from and drawn upon in their subsequent university education. Data on students' destinations suggest that their involvement in research projects has made them more likely to undertake physics
and STEM degrees than would otherwise be expected. Cases of co-created
novel physics research resulting from Physics Research in School Environments (PRiSE) has also seemed to have a powerful effect, not only on the student co-authors, but also participating students from other schools. Teachers have also been positively
affected through participating, with the programme having influenced
their own knowledge, skills, and pedagogy, as well as having advantageous
effects felt across their wider schools. These impacts suggest that
similar “research in schools” initiatives may have a role to play
in aiding the increased uptake and diversity of physics and/or STEM
in higher education as well as meaningfully enhancing the STEM environment
within schools.
Simultaneous assimilation of water levels from river gauges and satellite flood maps for near-real time flood mapping
Authors: Annis Antonio , Nardi Fernando , Castelli Fabio
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Hydro-meteo hazard Early Warning Systems (EWSs) are operating in many regions of the world to mitigate nuisance effects of floods. EWSs performances are majorly impacted by the computational burden and complexity affecting flood prediction tools, especially for ungauged catchments that lack adequate river flow gauging stations. Earth Observation (EO) systems may surrogate to the lack of fluvial monitoring systems supporting the setting up of affordable EWSs. But, EO data, constrained by spatial and temporal resolution limitations, are not sufficient alone, especially at medium-small scales. Multiple sources of distributed flood observations need to be used for managing uncertainties of flood models, but this is not a trivial task for EWSs. In this work, a near real-time flood modelling approach is developed and tested for the simultaneous assimilation of both water level observations and EO-derived flood extents. An integrated physically-based flood wave generation and propagation modelling approach, that implements a Ensemble Kalman Filter, a parsimonious geomorphic rainfall-runoff algorithm (WFIUH) and a Quasi-2D hydraulic algorithm, is proposed. A data assimilation scheme is tested that retrieves distributed observed water depths from satellite images to update 2D hydraulic modelling state variables. Performances of the proposed approach are tested on a flood event for the Tiber river basin in central Italy. The selected case study shows varying performances depending if local and distributed observations are separately or simultaneously assimilated. Results suggest that the injection of multiple data sources into a flexible data assimilation framework, constitute an effective and viable advancement for flood mitigation tackling EWSs data scarcity, uncertainty and numerical stability issues.
Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for parahydrogen-induced polarization in heterogeneous hydrogenations
Authors: Burueva Dudari B. , Stakheev Aleksandr Y. , Koptyug Igor V.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Production of hyperpolarized catalyst-free gases and liquids by heterogeneous hydrogenation with parahydrogen can be
useful for various technical as well as biomedical applications, including
in vivo studies, investigations of mechanisms of industrially important
catalytic processes, enrichment of nuclear spin isomers of polyatomic gases, and more. In this regard, the wide systematic search for heterogeneous catalysts effective in pairwise H2 addition required for the observation of parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) effects is crucial. Here in this work we demonstrate the competitive advantage of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts for PHIP in heterogeneous hydrogenations (HET-PHIP). The dilution of catalytically active Pd with less active Ag or In atoms provides the formation of atomically dispersed Pd1 sites on the surface of Pd-based bimetallic catalysts, which are significantly more selective toward
pairwise H2 addition compared to the monometallic Pd. Furthermore, the
choice of the dilution metal (Ag or In) has a pronounced effect on the
efficiency of bimetallic catalysts in HET-PHIP, as revealed by comparing
Pd-Ag and Pd-In bimetallic catalysts.
A novel multinuclear solid state NMR approach for the characterization of kidney stones
Authors: Leroy César , Bonhomme-Coury Laure , Gervais Christel , Tielens Frederik , Babonneau Florence , Daudon Michel , Bazin Dominique , Letavernier Emmanuel , Laurencin Danielle , Iuga Dinu , Hanna John Vincent , Smith Mark Edmund , Bonhomme Christian
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The spectroscopic study of pathological calcifications (including kidney stones) is extremely rich and helps to improve the understanding of the physical and chemical processes associated with their formation. While FTIR imaging and optical/electron microscopies are routine techniques in hospitals, there has been a dearth of solid state NMR studies introduced into this area of medical research, probably due to the scarcity of this analytical technique in hospital facilities. This work introduces effective multinuclear and multi-dimensional solid state NMR methodologies to study the complex chemical and structural properties characterising kidney stone composition. As a basis for comparison three hydrates (n = 1, 2 and 3) of calcium oxalate are examined along with nine representative kidney stones. The multinuclear MAS NMR approach adopted investigates the 1H, 13C, 31P and 43Ca nuclei, with the 1H and 13C MAS NMR data able to be readily deconvoluted into the constituent elements associated with the different oxalates and organics present. For the first time, the full interpretation of highly resolved 1H NMR spectra is presented for the three hydrates, based on structure and local dynamics. The corresponding 31P MAS NMR data indicates the presence of low-level inorganic phosphate species, however the complexity of these data make the precise identification of the phases difficult to assign. This work provides physicians, urologists and nephrologists with additional avenues of spectroscopic investigation to interrogate this complex medical dilemma that requires real multi technique approaches to generate effective outcomes.
Efficient polynomial analysis of MAS spinning sidebands and application to order parameter determination in anisotropic samples
Authors: Hempel Günter , Sotta Paul , Long Didier R. , Saalwächter Kay
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Chemical shift tensors in 13C solid-state NMR provide valuable localized information on the chemical bonding environment in organic matter, and deviations from isotropic static-limit powder lineshapes sensitively encode dynamic-averaging or orientation effects. Studies in 13C natural abundance require magic-angle spinning (MAS), where the analysis must thus focus on spinning sidebands. We propose an alternative fitting procedure for spinning sidebands based upon a polynomial expansion that is more efficient 5 than the common numerical solution of the powder average. The approach plays out its advantages in the determination of CST principal values from spinning-sideband intensities and order parameters in non-isotropic samples, which is here illustrated on the example of stretched glassy polycarbonate.
Brief communication: Evaluation of multiple empirical, density-dependent snow conductivity relationships at East Antarctica
Authors: Ding Minghu , Zhang Tong , Yang Diyi , Allison Ian , Dou Tingfeng , Xiao Cunde
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Nine density-dependent empirical thermal conductivity relationships for firn were compared against data from three Automatic Weather Stations at climatically-different East Antarctica sites (Dome A, Eagle and LGB69). The empirical relationships were validated using a vertical, one-dimensional thermal diffusion model and a phase-change based firn diffusivity estimation method. The best relationships for these East Antarctica sites were identified by comparing the modeled and observed firn temperature at the depth of 1 m and 3 m, and from the mean heat conductivities over two depth intervals (1–3 m and 3–10 m). Among the nine relationships, that proposed by Calonne et al. (2011) appears to have the best performance. This study provides useful reference for firn thermal conductivity parameterizations in land modeling or snow-air interaction studies on the Antarctica Ice Sheet.
A autocomposição de conflitos na Câmara de Conciliação e arbitragem da Administração Federal: estudo do caso - UNIFESP x União
Authors: Cuéllar Leila , Moreira Egon
Published: April 2021

The article analyses the role of the “Mediation Chambers” in the Public Administration, according to the Civil Procedure Code (2015) and the Mediation Act (2015). It examines the nature of such chambers, their operation and limits.
Maritime Arbitration and an Overview on the Brazilian legal framework related to alternative dispute resolution methods
Authors: Cardoso Camila , Cardoso Frederico
Published: April 2021

Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America, with a population of more than 209.300.000 people and a territory of 8.515.767,049 km2, which makes the country an important player in the international trade scenario. Being Brazil a major exporter of commodities, a strong importer of goods and with a vast coastline of 8,500 km of navigable waters, the Brazilian shipping industry plays an important role in the country’s developing economy. In fact, the ports are the country’s main gate, through which approximately 95% of the foreign trade is made. In the past decades, the offshore sector of Brazil’s maritime industry played an important role considering the discoveries of oil and gas in the pre-salt layer, contributing to a significant development on the country’s shipping industry. Following that, an economic crisis hit the oil sector, with impacts worldwide. In view of the above, the arising disputes involving maritime matters have increased, and the demand for experts in this field is growing in Brazil’s current scenario. However, if in one hand Brazil faces an increase of disputes involving maritime law, on the other hand the Brazilian judicial system remains extremely bureaucratic and time-consuming, as well as, in some occasions, not properly prepared to deal with the complex maritime matters under discussion. In addition, judicial disputes in Brazil are subject to high interest and indexation rates, which can add up to 18% per year on top of the amount under dispute, plus lawyer’s fees and eventual loss of suit expenses, which can reach 20% of the condemnation amount. In this scenario, alternative dispute resolution methods arise as an important alternative to encompass these demands, offering an efficient solution, rendered in a proper time, by experts and specialists of the maritime field.