bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Public Awareness of County Bursary Fund Allocation on Retention of Needy Secondary School Students in Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Jane Njoroge Tallam Chepkalum Paul;
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study is to examine the extent to which public awareness on County bursary fund allocation has influenced the retention of needy students in secondary school. The study employed survey design in the collection of data. A study sample of 133 respondents was engaged in from a total population of 6,093 obtained from a stratified random sampling technique. The questionnaire was the method of data collection used to gather the Primary data. The questionnaires were coded and edited for completeness and consistency. They were further processed by utilising statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) program. The analysis procedure included inferential examination and descriptive statistics. The descriptive analysis method provided the sample data in quantitative form, which ended in producing mean and standard deviation. The study established the relationship between dependent and independent variables by conducting regression analysis, which found out that the P-values of awareness of county bursary fund, was 0.001, which is less than 0.05 significance level; this implies that variable is significant. The study concludes that communication through the public participation forum, posters, radio social media was detailed enough to make the application and submission easy for the applicants. The study recommends that more awareness campaign should be enhanced using varies forms of communication. Still, posters and notices should be prioritised as they scored the highest value of 43.4 % as compared to other communication media. The researcher also concluded that the fund retained needy students in secondary school with 61.1% of the interviewed school principals, 65.9% of the bursary applicants and 80% of the bursary committee secretaries agreeing.
Effect of Rewards and Compensation on Job Satisfaction among Church Workers in Nakuru West Sub County
Authors: Shadrack Rotich
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of the study was to determine how reward and compensation affect job satisfaction among church workers in Nakuru West Sub County. Herzberg’s Two-Factor and the expectancy theories guided the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study were the pastoral and other church employees in all the 4 mainstream churches in Nakuru West Sub County. These churches have combined staff population of 188 staff comprising of the pastors, evangelists, secretaries, administrators, caretakers and other staffs recruited depending on the needs and capability of the churches. The study used the primary data where questionnaires were used to collect data after being subjected to Cronbach test for reliability and judgmental test for validity. The study conducted a piloting study, Data was analysed using SPSS version and will initially be analysed using descriptive statistics, and thereon, inferential statistics such Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results was presented in the form of tables and figures. From the research findings, the study concluded that, the study found that factors including salary, benefits, organisational policies, supervision, working conditions and relationships. On the other hand, motivators such as achievement, recognition, promotion, responsibility and work itself promote motivation and consequently satisfaction. The study concludes that employer should demonstrate equal and fair employee handling mechanisms based on their performance evaluation.
Establishing How Church Leadership Affects Job Satisfaction among Church Workers in Nakuru West Sub County.
Authors: Shadrack Rotich
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of the study was to establish how church leadership affects job satisfaction among church workers in Nakuru West Sub County. Herzberg’s Two-Factor and the expectancy theories guided the study. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study were the pastoral and other church employees in all the 4 mainstream churches in Nakuru West Sub County. These churches have combined staff population of 188 staff comprising of the pastors, evangelists, secretaries, administrators, caretakers and other staffs recruited depending on the needs and capability of the churches. The study used the primary data where questionnaires were used to collect data after being subjected to Cronbach test for reliability and judgmental test for validity. The study conducted a piloting study, Data was analysed using SPSS version and will initially be analysed using descriptive statistics, and thereon, inferential statistics such Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Results was presented in the form of tables and figures. From the research findings, it can be concluded that church leadership encourages teamwork among employee leadership. The study recommended that church leadership do more effort on teamwork so they may able to share and integrate individual ideas for the betterment of job performance.
Interrogating Clergy Compensation and Available Resources Competition in ACK Embu Diocese in Kenya.
Authors: Alexander Njue
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine resources available against clergy compensation in ACK Embu Diocese. Descriptive study was carried out in four archdeaconries and inferential statistics were obtained using SPSS. The archdeaconries that were studied were Nginda, Kagaari, Kianjokoma and Karungu. The district has a population of 278,196, with total Christian population of ACK numbering to 25,000. The research design used in this study was descriptive. Kerringer (1969) state, descriptive studies are not only restricted to the facts finding but may often results in formulation of important principles of knowledge and solution to significant problems. The study employed questionnaire as the method of data collection. The researcher targeted a population of 300 people (clergy and laity). From the target population, a sample of 70 clergy and 120 laity people was purposively selected from the four archdeaconries. After data collection, the researcher put together all raw data and analyzed it by tabling it under respective groups of respondent (clergy, laity and administration). At the end of analyses the researcher presented the results in form of tables, pie charts and bar charts to help the readers understand the analyses in a better way. Validity and reliability were tested using pretesting methods. Validity is the accuracy and meaningfulness of the inferences which are based on the research resource. The study findings indicate that the resources available for clergy remuneration are land, investments (businesses such as rental income, book shops and schools) and also quota payments.
Examining the Effects of Ethical CSR Activities on Non-Financial Performance of Brookside Dairy Limited
Authors: Kiprono Evans K. , Njau James Mwangi , David Gichuhi
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ethical CSR activities on non-financial performance of Brookside Dairy Limited, Nakuru town branch. Social Contract Theory, Stakeholders Theory and Agency Theory guided the study. The study adopted descriptive statistics method in analysing the data. The target population for the study was 200 employees from Brookside dairy limited, Nakuru branch, comprising of departmental managers, supervisors and non-management staff. A sample of 132 was arrived at using Kothari formulae and selected using cluster sampling technique. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistic method. Findings revealed that ethical CSR activities have no statistically positive and significant effect on non-financial performance of Brookside dairy limited, Nakuru town branch (β= 0.003, p = 0.981). The study recommends that other firms should conduct the same study to determine what effect CSR activities have on non-financial performance. Studies should also be carried out to find out other factors affecting non-financial performance other than CSR activities.
Determining the extent of ICT implementation and use in financial management of Secondary Schools in Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Katitia Melita David  , Edward Tanui  , Florence Oruta
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the extent of ICT implementation and use in financial management of Secondary Schools in Kajiado County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The target population for this study was the 61 public secondary schools’ principals, 1220 teachers, 610 students, 25 ICT teachers, 6 Sub-county Directors of Education in the 6 Sub-counties and 1 County Director of Education in Kajiado County. The study used 30% of the accessible population as sample size. The sample size for this study was 18 principals, 366 teachers, 8 ICT teachers,183 students, 2 Sub- county Directors of Education and 1 County Director of Education. This study used questionnaires, Observation schedules and interview schedule as tools for data collection. The questionnaires were administered to Principals, teachers and ICT coordinators while interview schedules were administered to the students, Sub-county Directors of Education and the County Director of Education. The pilot test was carried at the schools with similar characteristics to those sampled through random sampling. Instrument reliability was determined through test- retest method. Cronbach alpha was used to test the internal reliability of the measurement instrument. The study concluded that most of the public secondary schools in Kajiado County had not embraced ICT in various areas of administration. Based on the findings, the study recommends that proper technology should be put in place by purchasing of the required ICT facilities in schools to enhance management of schools using the current technology.
Evaluating the Influence of Flexible Work Arrangement Strategy on Job Satisfaction
Authors: Onyango Simpson Osiemo , Chepkilot Prof. Ronald , Dr. Stella Muhanji
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of flexible work arrangements strategy on job satisfaction among state corporations in Kenya. The greatest challenge facing organisations is whether their staffs are motivated to perform their duties and whether employees find their work interesting and meaningful. The ways jobs are designed has an important bearing on an employee’s job satisfaction. Understanding job design techniques and their influence on job satisfaction will lead organisations to keep the best employee pool for themselves and fend off competition. This study was based on several theories, namely: Job Characteristics model, Hertzberg's two-factor Hygiene theory, Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory, equity theory, family-boarder theory, and boundary theory. The research design for this study was a cross-sectional descriptive design. This research sought to interrogate the extent to which the state corporations employ flexible work arrangements and its influence on job satisfaction and suggest possible areas of improvement. The target population was 187 state corporations. The unit of analysis was employees of the state corporations in Kenya. The research studied a sample size of 381 employees in 127 state corporations. The state corporations in Kenya were selected using stratified sampling, while employees were purposively selected. To obtain the data, semi-structured questionnaires were used in this research. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the SPSS package. The findings of this study show that a flexible work arrangement is a significant strategy in enhancing job satisfaction among state corporations in Kenya.
The Effect of Employee Competence on Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Nakuru Town, Kenya
Authors: George Gachuru
Published: May 2021

The study was carried out to establish the effect of employee competence on the performance of microfinance institutions in Nakuru CBD. The study is significant to the MFI in that it will benefit management and staff of MFI and the government understudy by gaining insights into how their institution can effectively deal with the problems that they encounter in managing their clients and to ensure they grow their business. A survey design was used for the study. The target population comprised of 35 respondents. These were Branch managers, Chief Credit officer/s and the IT support of the MFI in Nakuru CBD. The study used census method as the small size of the target population could easily be managed. A questionnaire containing closed-ended questions was used as the data collection instrument for the study. Descriptive statistics, including percentages and frequencies, was adopted for data analysis Results were presented in the form of charts, tables and graphs. The study established that the level of employee competence affects the implementation of online banking to a large extent. Based on this finding the researcher recommended that microfinance institutions should have some training programs to help improve on the customers level of skills because some consumers do not have the required skills and facilities needed to do online banking and this will allow for the smooth running of operations.
The Effect of Product and Service Innovations on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Patrick Kibati; John Kipkorir Tanui Gladys Chepngetich Tonui;
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to establish the effect of product /service innovations on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The 40 commercial banks was the population of this study which were in operation in Kenya as at December, 2017. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Explanatory research design was used. Questionnaires were used to gather primary data. Secondary data was collected from Central Bank annual report to validate communicative and validity of primary data. Quantitative analysis in the research was facilitated by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the completed questionnaires was examined and the information for each item was further processed and analysed. The results obtained was further presented in charts and tables. Regression and correlation analysis were used to study the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables of the study. These were employed to analyze the data and find out whether financial performance of commercial banks was influenced by banks innovations. The results showed that most commercial banks have concentrated on their profits by creating new products and services which have minimized their operational costs. This study used Cronbach Alpha test of internal consistency to analyze the accuracy of the research tool based on pilot data.  The study recommended that banks should consider incorporating the new technology as it will increase the firms’ performance and to ensure their new products and services, are readily available in the market. The study recommended that the banking sector ought to continue investing on more innovative delivery channels since this improves banks capability to regulate expenditure. These will in turn, facilitates reduction in cost in every unit of service thus improved return on assets to financial institutions effective monitoring of accounting and auditing. Financial institutions should ensure that the banking innovations are well secured for customers to have confidence in using mobile banking and internet banking.
Demographic Factors Influencing the Adoption of Mobile Phones in the Utilization of Formal Financial Services by Smallholder Farmers in Kenya
Authors: Wabwire Joseph Masinde
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at assessing the demographic factors influencing adoption of mobile phones in the utilization of formal financial services by smallholder farmers in Kenya. Financial access household survey showed that 80 percent of Kenyan adults own a formal bank account. Whilst significant advances have been made in financial technology products, their penetration and usage among smallholder farmers in utilizing financial services and particularly the demographic factors influencing them remains unestablished. Research into more innovative, intermediated solutions, effective participation and inclusion of appropriate community-based groups in mobile financial services is, therefore, necessary. The target population for this study were smallholder farmers from Nakuru, Busia and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya.  Simple random sampling and Convenience sampling techniques were used to select 496 smallholder farmers as respondents for the study. Data was collected using copies of a researcher developed questionnaire and data collection sheet. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS software. The findings revealed that demographic factors were important in predicting mobile phone utilization for formal financial services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Therefore, the study recommends that mobile phone mobile service providers should collaborate with financial service providers to enable the farmers upgrade their phones to access more financial services platforms.
Influence of Technology Usability on Digital Banking Adoption by Customers of Selected Commercial Banks in Nakuru Town, Kenya
Authors: David Gichuhi Raymond Kiplagat; Paul Gesimba;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of technology usability on digital banking adoption by customers of selected commercial banks in Nakuru town. It was guided by the Technological Acceptance Model and employed the descriptive research design. The target population was 192,138 bank customers from three Commercial Banks namely Barclays, Equity, and KCB located in Nakuru Town. A sample of 138 customers was determined using the Cochran formulae and selected using clustered and systematic sampling techniques. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and logistic regression method while qualitative data was analysed using the thematic content analysis technique. Finding revealed that technology usability (W2= 19.399, sig= .044), has a statically significant and positive influence on digital banking adoption by bank customers in the study area. Customers who found digital technology to have high usability were 3.27 times more likely to adopt digital banking technology than customers who felt that the technologies have low usability The study recommends that banks should design simple and easy to use platforms so as to increase usability. They should also educate customers on how to use the digital banking services.
Influence of Psychological Factors on the Adoption of Farm-Forestry Practices among Small-Scale Farmers in Narok-North Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Prof. Mark Okere Cecilia Naeku;
Published: May 2021

The objective of this paper is to examine the psychological factors that influenced the adoption of farm-forestry practices among small-scale farmers. Despite the numerous benefits farmers can derive from incorporating farm-forestry practices in their farmlands, the adoption of such practices has remained sub-optimal. Kenya’s government has over the years implemented projects and enacted farm-forestry policies to encourage farmers to incorporate trees on farms. The researcher used an explanatory sequential mixed method research design with a sample size of 110 small-scale farmers in Narok-North Sub-County. Proportionate sampling technique was used to acquire the sample sizes of the different wards of the Sub-County while simple random sampling was used to obtain the research participants. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to research participants to generate information on the psychological factors that were measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The results of the Mann-Whitney tests showed that farm-forestry adopters and non-adopters differed significantly in the various constructs that were used to measure attitude. The adopters had a more favourable attitude towards farm-forestry than the non-adopters. They also differed in their subjective norms in which farm-forestry adopters had social networks that supported the practice of farm-forestry. The results also showed that farm-forestry adopters indicated that they faced certain barriers that hindered their adoption of farm-forestry.
Management of Flash Floods in Marigat Sub County, Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Ednah Koskei Julius K. Kiptim; Eliud Michura;
Published: May 2021

Flash flood is a natural disaster caused by the sudden onset of rainfall resulting in runoff waters from high to low altitude areas. This runoff waters leads to loss of lives, destruction of property, and environment; a problem experienced by residents of Marigat Sub-County. The purpose of the study was to investigate the management strategies of flash floods in Marigat Sub-County. The study used descriptive research management practices of flash floods on qualitative and quantitative methods. The target population was 120,263 people with 24,893 households. Purposive sampling method for three locations which were Ilng’arua, Ng’ambo and Salabani experiencing flash floods with a population of 13,885 translating to 3168 households, from which a sample size of 355 respondents was obtained. Stratified proportionate random sampling method was used to select household heads for the survey. Purposive sampling method was adopted for identifying key informants and one disaster management officer. Primary and secondary data were used. Questionnaires, key informants interview schedules, and observations were used to collect data. The validity of the study was achieved through the construction of relevant instruments to the objective of the study. To ensure reliability, piloting of the questionnaire was done and results obtained were 0.76 Cronbach’s alpha level. Collected data were coded and analysed using the SPSS software, where descriptive and inferential statistics were generated to test the study hypothesis. The findings of this study will be beneficial to Baringo County and the Kenyan government in the management of flash floods and the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Examining Adopted Conflict Management Approaches On Organizational Development In Machakos Co-Operative Union
Authors: Redempta Kiilu Peter Elizabeth Nzilani; Wanjugu Wachira;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the adopted conflict management approach on organizational development in coffee cooperatives. The research was conducted in Machakos Co-operative Union in the Lower Eastern part of Kenya. Descriptive research survey was used. The target population was drawn from 1500 employees of Machakos Co-operative Union who took part in the study. The sample size was 305 employees drawn from different levels of management selected through cluster sampling technique. Systematic sampling was used to give each individual a chance to be chosen. Data collection was carried out through the use of Semi-structured questionnaire and interview guide. Both qualitative and quantitative technique was used to analyse data. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics through content analysis and findings were analysed and presented quantitatively and qualitatively in frequency tables, graphs pie charts and percentage while qualitative data was analysed using thematic techniques and data presented in narrative forms. From the study, it was established that different conflict management approaches were employed in Machakos Coffee Cooperative, 22% of the respondents reported that accommodation strategy was used and 23% the Collaboration strategy which led to improved productivity in the organization and enhanced inter personal relations while 54% of the respondents indicated that the contending approach which was mostly used influenced conflict management in the organization. The study recommends that organizations need to embrace the strategy in order to maximize productivity and encourage retention of human resource.
Economic and Social Effects of Parallel Importation of Pharmaceutical Products on Organisational Performance in Pharmaceutical Firms in Kenya
Authors: Wanyoike Kariuki Esther Kalekye;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on the organisational performance of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya. The paper is guided by research objectives that are focused on: the economic effects of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on organisational performance and the social effects of parallel importation of pharmaceutical products on organisational performance. This paper concludes that the issue of economic and social effects of parallel importation and how they affect the organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies in Kenya is rich for exploration and recommends that a study be conducted focusing on parallel importation and organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies; especially now that a clear legal framework on parallel importation has been put in place.
Smile Latrine Project Baseline Survey: Rationale for Improving Sanitation Standards in Homa Bay County, Kenya
Authors: Yasushi Sawazaki; Rachard Odipo Javan Solomon Okello;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a rationale for improving sanitation standards in Kakang’utu West Community Unit, in Kabondo Kasipul Constituency, Homa Bay County. The recommendations presented follow research findings that assessed the quality of the latrine features as observed by the data collectors. Many of the latrines were not only a health hazard, but were dangerous structures that covered deep pits and put users in great risks. In our findings, we sampled reasons for non-adoption of latrines, and found economic and socio-cultural reasons were key. This study lays out methods of intervention and presents the picture on the ground in a small location representing a sample of the entire constituency and county. The lessons learnt are formulated into a strategy for a successful improved sanitation promotion programme. Current sanitation practices in Kakang’utu West do not favour the need for latrine for the purpose of proper containment of human waste since many defecate in the bushes. The manner in which many latrines are constructed shows they are not priority features of the homesteads. They are not hygienic and pose great risks for diseases. Many are oblivious to the common knowledge that owning a latrine is associated with health benefits, better hygiene standards, and sanitation interventions that reduce diseases. In this study, we have aligned ourselves to understand why latrines are lacking in the area, taking into account factors like socio-cultural practices, and poverty levels. Community involvement and technology will be key assets as appropriate measures.
The Economic Benefits of Quarry Stone Mining Activities to Women from Kwa V, Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Authors: Dr.Nashon Vundi Keziah Wamuyu; Daniel M Nzengya;
Published: May 2021

This study sought to investigate the economic benefits that women derive from the small-scale quarry stone mine at Kwa V, Kirinyaga County. The research used a mixed-methods approach which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Data collection was carried out from a survey of 100 informal female quarry workers. Data from open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis to identify emerging themes. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed evident variation in the number of days women work at the stone quarrying between rain and dry seasons. There was evident variability in the income women derive from quarrying between seasons. The activities women engage in the quarrying ranged from blasting stones to crushing stones to ballast. Income derived from informal quarrying was invested in various ways, namely, building a financial base through participation in women’s chamas, table banking, investing towards access to lease land for cultivation to diversify income assets, purchasing physical assets, investing in human capital, for instance, education of children, to meeting basic day-to-day needs. This study's findings have important implications to public health interventions required to support informal female quarry workers, particularly given that most of these lack access to quality health care to mitigate health risks associated with stone quarrying.
Examining the Benefits of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) Water Kiosks Project to Women
Authors: Dr Daniel Muasya Nzengya Paul Mutinda Kituku; Dr David Gichuhi;
Published: May 2021

This research focused on examining examine the benefits that women's have realised from the implementation of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) water kiosks for supplying water to households in Mpeketoni Lamu County, Kenya. The research used mixed-method design in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect and analyse data. Data was collected using open and closed-ended questionnaires. They were administered using questionnaires. The research had 200 respondents comprising of 100 women from the rural settlements and 100 women in Mpeketoni division of Lamu County in Kenya. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics were used to summarise data and compare the results between rural versus urban women and large families versus small families in the research area. According to this research, it's evident that the majority of respondents have a positive perception with large families seeing more benefits of LAKWA kiosks than small families, especially for domestic uses. These are common expectation since the quantity of water raised by large families is higher than the small families. It's in their perception that the situation remains the same in the next 10 to 20 years. It was evident from this research that, women are satisfied with the design aspects of the LAKWA water kiosks. I suggest further research on the ways of including women perceptions in water management planning to improve the water intake and efficiency of LAKWA water system and indeed other water stakeholders in ensuring that it meets the objectives of sustainable development goals and vision 2030 on water and sanitation.
The Role of Problematic Internet Usage in the Risk of Addiction to Online Sexual Violence among Undergraduate Students in Universities in Kenya
Authors: Dr. James Kay; Dr. Dorcas Githaiga Jane Gakii Marete;
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to investigate the role of problematic internet usage in the risk of addiction to online sexual violence among undergraduate students in Kenyan universities. The study utilized Behaviourist Theory and Social Learning Theory. Ex-post facto research design was used for this study. The target population for the study was 97284 comprising all the undergraduate students in four universities and the accessible population was 2nd and 3rd year students comprising of 18911. The sample size comprised of 391 undergraduate students, 16 peer counsellors and four (4) student counsellors making a total of 411 participants. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire, an in-depth interview schedule and focus group discussion. The questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students, in-depth interview schedule was used on the student counsellors and focus group discussion was conducted among peer counsellors. Each focus group discussion comprised of four participants. Purposive sampling was used to select the universities of study. Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. One university with similar characteristics with the sampled universities was purposively selected for piloting to ensure reliability of the research instruments. The pre-test was administered to and the instruments were modified accordingly. The reliability coefficient was online sexual violence 0.770. Descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages and means were used to analyse data. Chi square was used to test the null hypotheses while t-test was used to compare the study variables. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23.
Strategies Used to Mobilize Resources for Clergy Remuneration in Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) Embu Diocese, of Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Alexander Njue
Published: May 2021

This study sought to investigate strategies used to mobilize resources for clergy remuneration in ACK Embu Diocese. The study was carried in Nginda, Kagaari, Kianjokoma and Karungu districts, inferential statistics were obtained using SPSS. The district has a population of 278,196, with a total Christian population of ACK numbering to 25,000. The research used descriptive research design. Kerringer (1969) state, descriptive studies are not only restricted to the facts finding Kerringer (1969) state, descriptive studies are not only restricted to the facts finding but may frequently result in the formulation of critical principles of knowledge and solution but may often result in the formulation of important principles of knowledge and solution to significant problems. The study employed a questionnaire as the method of data collection. The researcher targeted a population of 300 people (clergy and laity). From the target population, a sample of 70 clergies and 120 laity people was purposively selected from the four archdeaconries. After data collection, the researcher put together all raw data and analyzed it by tabling it under respective groups of the respondent (clergy, laity and administration). At the end of analyses, the researcher presented the results in the form of tables, pie charts and bar charts from helping the readers understand the analyses in a better way. Validity and reliability were tested using pretesting methods. Validity is the accuracy and meaningfulness of the inferences, which are based on the research resource. Quota payments was the current major strategy used to mobilize resources for clergy payment. Respondents identified various strategies for mobilizing resources as decentralizing quota payments to the parish, (60% of quota to go to the diocese and 40% to pay the clergy) and by exploiting other resources available.
Influence of the Payment Intervals on Beneficiaries’ Social and Economic Development in Moyale Sub-County, Marsabit
Authors: Dr Charles N. Mogote Simeon Nyabuto Ogao;
Published: May 2021

The objectives of this research were, to assess the effects, the payment intervals to beneficiaries influence their social and economic development in Moyale Sub-County, Marsabit. The study was anchored on Amartya Sen’s Human Development Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Pyramid of Hierarchy of Needs and the Participatory Development Theory propagated by the Asian Development Bank.  The researcher embraced a descriptive survey design, using clustering and proportional random sampling in arriving at the research sample. The research population was 1196 households in the study area. Out of this, a sample of 300 households were determined using a verifiable statistical formula. Of the selected households, both adult and children, participated as respondents. A questionnaire, an interview schedule and a focus group discussions guide were used in collecting the data. The tools were tested through a pilot study in three purposively selected clusters (Locations) to determine their reliability and validity. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings were presented using various cartographical presentations. The use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was applied in analysing of the data. The study concluded that Cash transfer programs could be an effective way of addressing poverty, hunger, gender inequalities among children in marginalized areas and communities. The study recommends that the beneficiaries of the cash transfers be given training on financial management, long-term investments, and savings.
Socio-Economic Factors and Utilization of Formal Financial Services among smallholder Farmers in Kenya.
Authors: Joseph Masinde Wabwire
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this research was to establish the effect of socio-economic factors on utilization of formal financial services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Farmers in low-income counties encounter a number of challenges among them limited access to finance. Financing agriculture, therefore, becomes a critical service to enable the full realization of the sector’s potential. In Kenya, the advent of  innovative banking models through commercial banks such as Equity bank have seen a higher proportion of the rural population who were previously unreached being reached by financial services. That said, the subscription to formal financial services by small holder farmers is still low and many of them either shy away from formal financial institutions or are simply ineligible for the services due to lack of a banking profile with the institutions. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The target population for this study were smallholder farmers from Nakuru, Busia and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya. The study sample was determined using simple random sampling. The sample size was 560 smallholder farmers. The questionnaire and secondary information were the key instruments for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple linear regression equations with the aid of SPSS software. The study established that the socio-economic factors significantly affected utilization of formal financial services by the smallholder farmers in the country. Policy Makers should therefore, encourage small holder farmers by way of incentives to disclose their annual income so as to improve their chances of accessing formal financial services that can expand their enterprises.
Local Institutions in Climate Change Adaptation by Smallholder Farmers: A farm level study in Homabay County, Kenya.
Authors: Raphael Kapiyo; Jackson John Kitetu Danice Otieno Awinda;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of local institutions in climate change adaptation by smallholder farmers in Homabay County, Kenya. The study employed cross-sectional survey design in which data was collected from smallholder farmers in one survey round. Quantitative data was collected from 398 smallholder farmers, while 48 key informant interviews and 12 focus group discussions were used to collect qualitative data to buttress information from farmers. Data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, cross-tabulations and chi-square at 0.05 significance level. The study established that local institutions and social networks had a positive influence on climate change adaptation by smallholder farmers. Local institutions and social groups enable smallholder farmers to deploy specific climate change adaptation practices. Local institutions pursue adoption of effective adaptation strategies relevant to local needs of the smallholder farmers. They also provide information on climate change adaptation options and give some external support to enable farmers cope with climate change. The study recommended the need to promote institutional partnership to enhance climate change adaptation at local level. Partnerships among local institutions are associated with area specific adaptation practices and communal pooling. The study also recommended the need to enhance the capacity of local institutions as the impacts of climate change are likely to intensify with time. Support in the form of new information and technology aimed at improving effective coping mechanisms and financial support will be necessary.
Relationship between Student Motivation Practices and Retention in Public Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Prof. Frederick B. J.A. Ngala; Dr. Betty J. Tikoko Lamech Siko Ongige;
Published: May 2021

The study aimed to establish the relationship between student motivation practices and students retention in public secondary schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The study was guided by Vroom's expectancy and McGregor's X and Y theories. A conceptual framework involving the variables under investigation was drawn at the end of the literature review. The survey research design was employed in conducting the study. The study was conducted in Kisii County. The target population was 354 Public Secondary Schools with a population of 115,683 composed of Principals, Deputy Principals, Students and School Head Cooks. A sample of 35 Public Secondary Schools was selected for the study using a Multi-stage sampling technique. The study sample was 525 respondents comprised of 420 students, 35 Deputy Principals, 35 Principals and 35 Head Cooks. Questionnaires, document analysis and interview schedules were used in data collection. Reliability of the instruments was tested using split-half technique and Spearman-Brown prophecy formula. A coefficient of 0.8 in both the students’ and Deputy Principals’ questionnaires was obtained. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used in analysing quantitative data, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. From the findings, there was a strong and positive correlation between student motivation practices and retention in public secondary schools (r=.717). Tables, pie charts, bar graphs and textual forms were used in presenting the findings. This study was significant because it provides new knowledge on how secondary school principals can improve student management practices to improve student retention.
Institutional Context Factors and Female Students’ Choice of Career in Science TVET in Technical Training Institutes in Siaya County, Kenya.
Authors: Prof Frederick B. J. A. Ngala; Prof Henry K. Kiplangat Ohanya George Ochieng;
Published: May 2021

This study sought to determine the relationship between selected institutional context factors and female students' choice of career in science TVET in Technical Training Institutes in Siaya County, Kenya. The study was guided by Social Cognitive Theory as posited by Bandura (1986) and Holland's Theory of Occupational Choice (1959, revised 2017). The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Reliability was tested using a test-retest method.  Cronbach alpha method was also used to test internal reliability. The research instruments were questionnaires for lecturers, female and male students.  Piloting was done in the village polytechnics a sample size of 316 female students sampled using census method. Also, 291 male students from a total target population of 1136 determined using Krejcie and Morgan Sample Size Determination (1970) formular. Proportionate sampling technique was used to sample respondents in different strata and TTIs. Tools in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 were used to analyse data. Frequencies, percentages and means were computed. Inferential statistics, namely; regression coefficients, T-statistics, F-statistics, correlation of coefficients, were derived. The findings were presented in tables. The researcher concluded that there was a strong, negative and statistically significant relationship between institutional context factors and female students' choice of career in science TVET Programmes (r=-0.726**; p<0.01). The researcher recommended that effective career counselling services should be put in place in all TTIs offering TVET science courses and TTIs should encourage lecturers to seek higher education in pedagogy.
The Relationship Between user Education Costs and Secondary School Completion Rates in Samburu East Sub-county, Kenya
Authors: Prof. Frederick B. J. A. Ngala; Dr. Betty J. Tikoko Cecilia Kimosop;
Published: May 2021

The study aimed at investigating the relationship between user education costs and secondary school completion rates in Samburu East Sub-county, Kenya. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study was guided by influential theory by Finn (1993). The study targeted a population of 254 Form four students derived from 7 secondary schools in Samburu East Sub-county, Kenya. The sample size of the study was 156 form four students. The 7 schools included in the study were sampled based on the fact that they had student cohorts who sat for the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The instruments were validated using content validity; also, validity was ensured through expert opinions. Piloting was done and reliability was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The coefficient value of above 0.7 was obtained; therefore, the questionnaire was reliable. The response was obtained using a stratified and simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Quantitative data was analysed using mean, frequencies, percentages and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The findings were presented in tables. The hypothesis at a threshold of 0.5 alpha level was tested using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The researcher concluded that the provision of personal effects by parents and the provision of lunch programs encouraged secondary school completion rates in the study locality. The study recommended for collaboration with the parents by sensitising them the need for supporting their children's education by providing the implementing management practices that can improve secondary school completion rates.
The Influence of Recreational Resources on Retention of Pupils with Disabilities in Mainstreamed Primary Schools in Bomet County, Kenya.
Authors: Prof Frederick B. J. A. Ngala; Prof Henry K. Kiplangat Daniel Kipkirui Ngeno;
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of recreational resources on retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed primary schools in Bomet County, Kenya. This study is embedded in the Systems Theory (Bertalanffy, 1968). It adopted a correlational research design. The target population was 840 teachers. Yamane table (1967) was used to get a sample size of 278 teachers. The multi-stage sampling procedure was applied.  Data was collected, coded and analysed. The findings of the study revealed that physical resources and instructional resources significantly influence retention of pupils with disabilities (β=0.192 and β =0.421, respectively). Similarly, provision of adequate trained teachers and recreational resources were seen to influence the retention of pupils significantly with disabilities in mainstreamed Primary Schools (β =0.253 and β =0.250, respectively). The study concludes that recreational resources significantly influence retention of pupils with disabilities in mainstreamed Primary Schools. Many schools did not provide recreational resources for PWDs. Play-toys for PWDs were not available. Besides, assistive technology, for example, amplified talking Braille for pupils with disabilities (PWDs) were also not available. The lack of recreational resource for learners with disabilities could affect retention of their in mainstreamed schools. The study recommends provision of recreational resources such as in-door and outdoor equipment, play kits and field markers.