bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of proteins from the venom of snake Ophiophagus hannah in Vietnam and their effects on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells
Authors: Nhung Nguyễn Thị Tuyết , Hiền Vũ Thị , Hoa Phạm Thị , Thu Hà Thị , Hoa Nguyễn Thị , Linh Mai Thùy , Triều Nguyễn Hải , Lành Phạm Thị , Kháng Đinh Duy , Quyền Đồng Văn
Published: April 2018

Snake venom is a mixture of different components with a great variety of biological effects. Some components in snake venom have been found to act specifically and potently on their targets. Unlike the venom of Naja naja, Echis carinatus, Vipera russellii which are widely used, there is little attention has been given to Ophiophagus hannah even this is the largest venomous snake in the world. In this study, using O. hannah venom collected at Dong Tam Snake Farm in Tien Giang Province, we have collected 4 protein fractions using membrane cut-off centrifugal filters, ie., YM100, YM50, YM 30, YM10 and YM3. Of the 4 fractions including (1) proteins from 3 kDa to smaller than 10 kDa, (2) proteins from 10 kDa to smaller than 30 kDa, (3) proteins from 30 kDa to smaller than 50 kDa and (4) proteins from 50 kDa to smaller 100 kDa, fraction 4 accounted for the highest proportion whereas fraction 3 is the lowest proportion. Following the demonstration of many medicinal uses of snake venom, potential effect of fraction 1 on obesity was examined. Although multiple molecular processes are involved in the progression of the disease, obesity can accompany increase in adipocyte size as a consequence of accumulation of lipid droplets within the fat cell, as well as increased number of adipocytes resulting from differentiation of precursor cells. In our study, two different concentrations of 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL proteins in fraction 1 were investigated for effectiveness on the 3T3-L1 cells differentiation and adipogenesis. The obtained results showed that, at the concentration of 10 μg/mL, this fraction inhibited the adipogenesis which have been shown by accumulation of lipid droplets within the 3T3-L1 cells.  Besides, at a concentration of 10 μg/mL, fraction 1 had no cytotoxic effect on cell viability of 3T3-L1 cells.
Genetic diversity in natural populations of (Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. F.) In Tay Nguyen, Vietnam base on SSR markers
Authors: Phòng Đinh Thị , Liễu Trần Thị , Hiền Vũ Thị Thu
Published: April 2018

Cephalotaxus mannii Hook.f. is one of 15 species of conifer in the Central Highlands. Cephalotaxus mannii is a scarce medicinal conifer endemic to the south central region of China and Vietnam. In Vietnam, although widely distributed species (Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Lam Dong...) but is considered rare and vulnerable by the indiscriminately exploitation of people. In this study, 18 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 34 individuals C. mannii collected in Ta Nung and Hiep An of Lam Dong province. The results showed 12/18 polymorphic markers. Among 36 DNA amplified fragments, 24 were polymorphic (66.66%). Genetic diversity in Hiep An population (h = 0.269; I = 0.449 and PPB = 72.22%) was higher than that of Ta Nung (h = 0.433; I = 0.264 and PPB = 66.67%). The total level of molecular variance (AMOVA) among populations was 27.74% and among individuals within the populations was 72.26%. The average of gene flow value (Nm) of the species C. mannii populations was 3,310. Both Ta Nung and Hiep An populations had Wright’s inbreeding coefficient Fis <0 (- 0.244, - 0.052, respectively) and the private allele (Ap) (0.222, 0.333, respectively). A dendrogram constructed based on similarity matrix of 34 C. mannii samples divided into two main groups with their genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 65% (Cpm31 and Cpm32) to 100% (Cpm16 and Cpm17, Cpm21 and Cpm22). Molecular analysis results showed that C. mannii species should be protected at the population level.
Determination of brown planthopper resistant genes in some rice varieties by molecular markers
Authors: Liên Nguyễn Thị Kim , Hoàng Nguyễn Huy , Việt Lê Bắc , Thu Phan Thị Bích , Chung Nguyễn Huy
Published: April 2018

Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is the one of dangerous pests for rice that were reported in most of rice growing countries. Twenty seven BPH resistance genes have been detected in cultivated and wild rice. However, each resistance gene is able to resist with only strain or certain biotype. Besides, many studies indicated that the toxicity of BPH strains tend to change and loss the resistance of rice lines. The breeding of rice varieties that resist to many BPH biotypes is being the breeders towards. With helping of the development of molecular markers and genetic engineering, the breeders are hopping to identify the molecular markers that linked tightly with BPH resistance genes and develop the rice varieties can gather many resistance genes in a well genomic platform. In this study, we assessed the resistance of rice lines of Vietnam and imported rice lines. The resistance was ditermined by using assessement method in the galvanized box and molecular markers linkage with resistance genes (Bph1, bph2, Bph3, Bph9 and Bph17). The results showed that there was a high affinity between the two methods with 70.59% and 86.27% of lines that have the resistance (respectively). Among of 51 surveyed rice lines, 44 lines (86.27%) were determined to have at least one marker linkage with resistance genes. 19 lines (37.25%) harbored two or three markers linkage with resistance genes. These lines will be a good genetic resource for screening and breeding the resistant rice varieties.
Effect of engineered nanoparticles on growth of Lemna sp.
Authors: Hương Trần Thị Thu , Kim Đặng Đình , Thư Hà Phương , Cường Hồ Tú , Kiên Nguyễn Trung , Thúy Nguyễn Thị , Hà Trần Thị Kim , Hà Trần Hồng , Thủy Dương Thị
Published: April 2018

Nanotechnology is the technology relating to the synthesis and application of materials with nanometer sizes (nm). At the nanoscale, materials will have special features than traditional materials because their specific size is smaller than 100 nm, larger surface to volume ratio, crystalline structure, high reactivity potential, creating the effect of resonance Plasmon surface... Materials application process also potential risks to health and the environment. To evaluate the safety of nanomaterial in water environment, the experiments on aquatic organisms should be carried out to test the toxicological effects of nanomaterial. Duckweed used as a model organism because of unique difference characteristics from other plants as they could provide a new material source for the production of fuel and biogas, rapidly grow in a short time that requires little soil and nutrition. Duckweed is aquatic plants are widely used in the treatment of water pollution because it has the ability to absorb the nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of silver nanoparticles on growth of Lemna sp. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by electrochemical and reduction method. Characterizations of these nanoparticles were Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV - VIS) methods. The weight of Lemna sp. was compared between the first day and the last day of the experiment period (7 th day of cultivation). The results showed that nano materials show growth inhibition against Lemna sp. At concentration of 1 and 5 ppm of silvernano solutions, a maximum anti-Lemna sp. activity was observed.
Cloning and characterizing cDNA sequences coding high-mannose n-glycan binding lectins from cultivated red algae Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus striatum
Authors: Hung Le Dinh , Hirayama Makoto , Hori Kanji
Published: April 2018

The red algae, Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus striatum have been widely cultivated in Vietnam as a source of carrageenophytes for industry. In the past, biochemical properties of lectins isolated from these algae has been characterized  and  evaluated extensively. However, gene coding for such lectins isn’t studied yet. In this study, their full length cDNA is amfplified using cDNA ends (RACE) methods. Sequence analysis revealed that cDNA of EDA-2 from E. denticulatum consisted of 1,158 bp containing 103 bp of a 5'untranslated region, 248 bp of 3'untranslated region, and 807 bp of an open reading frame; and cDNA of KSA-2 from K. striatum consisted of 1174 bp containing 94 bp of the 5'-untranslated region, 273 bp of 3'untranslated region and 807 bp of the open reading frame. The cDNA of both EDA-2 and KSA-2 encoded for a polypeptide of 269 amino acids including an initiating methionine, but differed in sequences and molecular masses. The deduced amino acid sequences of EDA-2 and KSA-2 composed of four tandem repeated domains with about 67 amino acids each. The primary structure of EDA-2 and KSA-2 is highly similar to those of the high mannose N-glycan specific lectins including OAA from cyanobacterium, BOA, MBHA and PFA from bacteria, and ESA-2, KAA-1, KAA-2 from macro red algae, which showed strong anti-HIV and anti-influenza virus activities. These results indicate that these cultivated algae are becoming promising materials for production of anti-virus reagent or functional food that can prevent virus infection in future.
Synthesis and expression of caf1 gene encoding F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Hà Nguyễn Thị Thu , Minh Nguyễn Phượng , Tài Lê Trọng , Dũng Phạm Tiến , Hòa Lê Quang
Published: April 2018

Yersinia pestis is the etiologic agent of plague, one of the most deadly infectious diseases described in the history of humanity. It was responsible for millions of deaths all over the world. Yersinia pestis also can be used as a highly lethal biological potential weapon. For plague diagnosis in humans as well as to detect Y. pestis in the environment, fraction 1 capsular antigen (F1) of the bacteria was usually used as a good marker. The aim of this study is to produce Y. pestis F1 antigen to serve as a material for development of immunochromatographic test strips for rapid detection of Y. pestis. Because of the difficulty in Y. pestis culture for DNA extraction as well as F1 antigen production, we artificially synthesized the target caf1 coding for F1 antigen for expression in Escherichia coli. After the codon optimization step, caf1 was synthesized by “gapless” PCR using 22 overlaping oligonucleotides cover the complete sequence of this gene. The sequencing result showed that we successfully synthesized the target gene. In total 6 clones sequence, there are 2 clones sequence which were 100% identity with reference sequence. The target sequence was then introduced into pET-52b(+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) in the form of (His)10 affinity tag fusion. As the result of SDS-PAGE, the recombinant protein Caf1 of 18 kDa was highly expressed in E. coli as inclusion body form and was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. The recombinant Caf1 was then confirmed by Western blot with His-tag antibody.
Childhood nephrotic syndrome: genetic basis in studying and treatment
Authors: Liên Nguyễn Thị Kim , Hoàng Nguyễn Huy
Published: April 2018

Childhood nephrotic syndrome is a serious disease with the high risk of mortality. The prevalence worldwide is approximately 2 to 7 cases per 100,000 children. Hitherto, the patients are treatmed with steroid or immunosuppressive therapy and renal transplantation. However, many patients are steroid resistant and have a high risk of recurrence. The mutations in seven genes (NHPS1, NPHS2, CD2AP, PLCE1, ACTN4, TRPC6, INF2) have been implicated in different forms of nephrotic syndrome. Among them, two genes, NPHS1 and NPHS2, encoding for nephrin and podocin protein of the glomerular filtration barrier, have a particularly serious influence in almost of cases and steroid resistance in patients. So that, in the world there were a lot of researches conducted to identify gene mutations that related to disease manifestations and the response to treatment in the patients who have different genetic background. Mutations in NPHS1 and NPHS2 are considered the main cause of 75% cases with nephrotic syndrome. And NPHS2 mutations related to 40% cases with steroid resistance in patients. These results will help the doctors to have an effective treatment for the patients. However, in Vietnam no study has yet been done to detect gene mutations in patients with nephrotic syndrome. In this article, we summarize the research which have been published to give an overview of the genetic basis of causing and treatment for childhood nephrotic syndrome.
Creating the hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibodies causing the agglutination of the human red blood cells containing A antigen
Authors: Trung Nguyễn Thị , Hằng Nguyễn Thị , Hằng Vũ Thị Thu , Phan Lê Văn , Hải Trương Nam
Published: April 2018

The determination of ABO blood group is obliged in many cases especially before blood transfusion, that is indicated at Point a, Clause 4, Article 14 Circular 26/2013/TT-BYT - Vietnam, date 09.16.2013. For this purpose, both standard sera (monoclonal antibodies) and standard red blood cells are common used but monoclonal antibodies are prefered. In Vietnam, monoclonal antibodies against ABO blood group are not available in domestic production. In this study, we succeeded in the generation of hybidoma cells secreting anti-A monoclonal antibody. Firstly, Balb/c mice were injected with Vietnamese human group A red blood cells to evoke B lymphocyte cells against A antigen present on the surface of the red blood cells. Afterward the lymphocytes were fused with sp2/0 myeloma cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to gain hybrid cells that were identified through ability to expand cells in a selective medium (hypoxanthine aminopterine thymine - HAT) at 37°C and 5% CO2. During screening and isolation process, the positive clones were identified by agglutination test with standard group A red blood cells. Of the 1440 wells, 12 monoclonal hybrid clones were selected. The hybrid cell line (designated A6G11C9) was the best one secreting the highest anti-A monoclonal antibody into culture with the antibody titer of 512. The antibody showed good intensity (+++), and the agglutination was visible by 10 seconds. This antibody is the promising for ABO-grouping kit development.
Study of genetic diversity and molecular variation in natural populations of Pinus armandii subsp. Xuannhaensis L.K. Phan - an endemic species in Son La, Vietnam using ISSR markers
Authors: Duy Vũ Đình , Xuân Bùi Thị Tuyết , Thảo Đỗ Thị Phương , Lộc Phan Kế , Tâm Nguyễn Minh
Published: April 2018

Pinus armandii subsp. xuannhaensis L.K. Phan is a new five needle pine discovered recently from Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La province. This subspecies is considered as a narrow endemic to Vietnam and is assessed as endangered. In this study, 15 ISSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of this taxon collected in five subpopulations (Tan Xuan, Thac Nuoc, Dinh VTV2, Near VTV2 and Dinh Pomu). Results of the analysis showed 15/15 markers were polymorphic. A total of 51 DNA fragments were amplified, in which 50 fragments were polymorphic (98.04%). Genetic diversity was the highest in Dinh Pomu subpopulation (I = 0.555; h = 0.8; PPB = 68.76%; Ne =1.6 and He = 0.4)) and the lowest in Tan Xuan subpopulation (I = 0.428; h = 0.6; PPB = 57.06%, Ne = 1.215 and He = 0.303). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results showed that the total level of molecular changes between subpopulations was 7% and between individuals in the same subpopulation was 93%. A constructed dendrogram based on similarity matrix of 71 Pinus armandii subsp. xuannhaensis L.K. Phan samples divided the samples into two main groups with genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.96. Results of the molecular analysis showed that Pinus armandii subsp. xuannhaensis L.K. Phan species should be protected at the population level.
RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity of two natural populations of Paphiopedilum villosum var. Annamense rolfe. in the Lam Vien plateau
Authors: Thắm Đặng Thị , Duy Nông Văn , Tiến Trần Văn , Triệu Lê Ngọc , Trung Khuất Hữu , Chính Vũ Tiến
Published: April 2018

Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense Rolfe. is the attractive pot plant characterize by its larger and beautiful flower. Wild population of that orchid are now considered to be rare in nature as a result of habitat destruction and commercial preference. Thus, it is very important that actions should be taken to conserve this orchid before it becomes extinct. The information of genetic variation at both population and species levels is a scientific basic for species conservation. In this research, two populations of Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense Rolfe were collected in Lam Dong province, Vietnam for analysing of genetic variation. RAPD directive was used to examine genetic variability in 20 individuals of two populations. The results showed that 25 bands were recorded from 12 specific identification primers. The percentages of polymorphic loci at species and population levels in the research were not high (Pt = 74.07%; P1 = 67.90%; P2 = 62.35%). However, in the first population, a higher percentage of polimorphic loci was observed as in the second one. Significant heterozygosity at both population and species levels was also low (HE1 = 0.23; HE2 = 0.18; and HEt = 0.25). The total gene diversity at the species level was partitioned primarily between two populations, as show by low GST= 0.17. Genetic distance between two populations was low (D12 = 0.079). In the orther hand, Genetic similarity coefficients between individuals in the general population were ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. The results suggested that the small population sizes in isolation had led to increase of inbred individuals within populations. Some solutions to the conservation and sustainable development have been mentioned.
Effects of nano silver on growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium in microponic system
Authors: Tùng Hoàng Thanh , Huy Nguyễn Phúc , Nam Nguyễn Bá , Luận Vũ Quốc , Hiền Vũ Thị , Phượng Trương Thị Bích , Nhựt Dương Tấn
Published: April 2018

Nano Silver has been proven to be effectively applied in the field of biotechnology. In the area of ​​plant biotechnology, nanoparticles have positive and negative effect on the growth of plants. The impact of nanoparticles on plant depends on the composition, content, size, chemical and physical propreties of nanoparticles as well as the plant species. The impact of silver nanoparticles on the problem of infection during culturing, the growth of plants in microponic systems and acclimatization of the plant in greenhouse were studied. In this work, the microponic medium supplemented with of 7.5 ppm silver nanoparticles showed the highest growth rate of Chrysanthemum after 2 weeks in culture. Results of qualitative and quantitative microbial content in microponic culture medium by 4 testing methods including Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, ISO 16266, ISO 21527-1 for bacteria and NHS-F15 for fulgi also showed that concentration of 7.5 ppm nanoparticles reduces the microbial content of the 8 species of bacteria (Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp., Agrobacterium sp., Xanthomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp.) and three species of fungi (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Alterneria sp.). The growth of Chrysanthemum plant in a concentration of nanoparticles is better than the other levels after 4 weeks in the greenhouse such as high survival rate (100%), plant height (13.3 cm), number of leaves per plant (14.67 leaves), number of roots per plant (26.67 roots), leaf length (4.03 cm), leaf width (3.77 cm), fresh weight (3816 mg) and dry weight (216 mg).
Genetic diversity of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K. Komatsu, s. Zhu & S.Q. cai population in western north of vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Trieu Le Ngoc , Duy Nong Van , Chinh Vu Tien , Tien Tran Van
Published: April 2018

Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus is a precious medicinal plant which was recently discovered in Sin Ho and Muong Te district, Lai Chau province of Vietnam. Over exploitation of the species in the native habitat poses a serious threat to its existence. Adequate information on the nature and the extent of genetic diversity in this important species is required for developing suitable strategy for its conservation. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and variability of 46 individuals belonging to a naturally distributed population of this variety in Vietnam. Genetic diversity at the population level was high (He = 0.2300, I = 0.3665, and PPB = 96.98 %). The group of mature individuals possessed the higher genetic diversity (HeO = 0.2291, IO = 0.3563, and PPBO = 84.34 %) as compared to group of young individuals (HeY = 0.2086, Iy = 0.3291, and PPBY = 81.5 %). The intergroup gene differentiation was high (GST = 0.0499) with the genetic distance among groups was 0.0298. The similarity coefficient among mature individuals was more moderate (Maximum = 0.873, Minimum = 0.614 and Average = 0.741) than among young individuals (Maximum = 0.916, Minimum = 0.596 and Average = 0.759). Otherwise, the number of discovered individuals was small, distribution area is narrow habitats, and the population showed the reduction in genetic diversity due to the human affects in the habitat and over-exploitation. Results on genetic diversity and variability showed that the investigated population has coped with the risk of decline and needed to be protected.
Transcriptome analysis of copper stress response in rice seedling using DNA microarray
Authors: Nam Trinh Ngoc , Vinh Nguyen Nhat , Thia Le Hong , Hue Tran Do Kim
Published: April 2018

Heavy metal contamination along with the increase in food demand are a primary concern in Vietnam and all over the world. In order to enhance crop tolerance to unfavorable cultivation conditions including heavy metal toxicity, understanding of plant response system under the effect of heavy metals is necessary. In the current study, physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic changes of rice seedings (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR64) were investigated under copper (Cu) stress. Root elongation and root fresh weight were decreased whereas accumulation of copper in root was enhanced significantly with increasing copper concentration from 2.5 to 15 M. In addition, copper induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated isoenzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The molecular mechanism of rice roots in response to copper toxicity at mRNA expression level was analyzed by microarray technique. Functions and roles of genes were also analyzed by bioinformatic tools AgriGO and MapMan. Gene ontology analysis revealed that 1900 Cu responsive genes were involved in phytohormones, reactive oxygen species, signaling pathways, transcription factors, transport activities, antioxidant defense systems. Through phytohormones and reactive oxygen species, Cu may inhibit rice root growth. Phytohormones and reactive oxygen species can also be signal molecules in signaling pathways with the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and transcription factors in response to Cu stress. Detoxification and protection mechanisms may involve transport activities and antioxidant defense systems during Cu treatment. These results may provide new insights into mechanisms of rice plant to tolerate with Cu toxicity conditions.
Gene expression profiling of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in sink and source organs of some cassava varieties with different starch contents in Vietnam
Authors: Hong Nguyen Thi Minh , Ngoc Le Thu , Hung Nguyen Mau , Ngoc Pham Bich , Ha Chu Hoang
Published: April 2018

Starch is the most widespread and abundant storage carbohydrate in plants. We depend upon starch for our nutrition, exploit its unique properties in industry, and use it as a feedstock for bio-ethanol production. Starch is stored in the form of osmotically inactive, water-insoluble granules in amyloplasts (storage starch) and chloroplasts (transitory starch). The biosynthesis of starch involves not only the production of the composite glucans but also their arrangement into an organized form within the starch granule. Understanding the specific functions played by individual isoforms of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis pathways will provide important basis for regulation of starch production in plant. A transcript-level analysis of the genes which encode starch-synthesis enzymes is fundamental for assessment of enzyme function and the regulatory mechanism for starch biosynthesis in source and sink organs. In this work, the expression level of the genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in two local varieties Do Dia Phuong (Do DF) and Trang Hoa Binh (Trang HB) as well as two imported varieties KM94 (Rayong1 X Rayong 90) and KM140 (KM98-1 x KM36) with different starch contents were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR method. The result of transcript level analysis made the expression profiles of cassava AGPS and AGPL genes (encoding AGPase small and large subunits) during three development periods, 90, 180 and 270 DAP (day after planting). The transcriptional activities of these genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. In particular, AGPS2 and AGPL1 transcripts were predominant in leaves, whereas expression of AGPS1, AGPL2, and AGPL3 appeared to be mostly confined to storage roots. Despite of having disparities between development stages, expression patterns of both AGPS2 and AGPL1 in leaves did not show significant differences amongst investigated cassava varieties. In contrast, transcriptional activities of AGPS1 and AGPL3 in tubers had patterns directly related to the starch contents of the cultivars. These results indicated that AGPS1 and AGPL3 genes likely play an important role in the starch biosynthesis pathway and have potential for regulation of starch production in cassava.
Optimization for continuous overflow proteolytic hydrolysis of spent brewer’s yeast by using proteases
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Thi Thanh , Ha Quan Le , Thuan Dinh Van
Published: April 2018

A large amount of spent yeast as by-product is annually generated from brewing industry and it contains about 50-55% protein with good balance of amino acids. The hydrolysate produced from spent brewer’s yeast may be used in food application. The yield of proteolylic hydrolysis for spent brewer’s yeast and amino acid contents of hydrolysates depend on factors such as temperature, pH value, type of used enzyme and ratio enzyme/substrate, time. Besides, applied hydrolysing methods (batch-, or continuous method) has effected on degree of hydrolysis. With the purpose of how proteolytic hydrolysis having effects on the spent brewer’s yeast for food application in industrial scale, continuous overflow method was used in this study. Bitterness of hydrolysate and the yield of continuous overflow proteolytic hydrolysis process are the two interested factors for protein hydrolysis. In this report, it is dealt with determination for optimal conditions to obtain the highest yield of hydrolysis process and the lowest bitterness of hydrolysate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimal condition for continuous overflow proteolytic hydrolysis of spent brewer’s yeast. The optimal conditions for obtaining high degree of hydrolysis and low bitterness are determined as followings: ratio of enzyme mixture (alcalase 7.5 U/g and flavourzyme 10 U/g), pH at 7.5, hydrolysis temperature at 51oC and hydrolysis time of 9 hours. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of hydrolysis was 59.62% ± 0.027 and the bitterness equivalently with concentration of quinine was 7.86 ± 0.033 μmol /ml.
Mutagenesis development of actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and screening for acarbose production
Authors: Tuyen Do Thi , Duong Nguyen The , Hoang Le Thanh
Published: April 2018

Acarbose has been widely used in the therapy of type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent) because it controls blood sugar contents of patients after meals. Acarbose, a pseudo-oligosaccharide, acts as a competitive -glucosidase inhibitor. Acarbose is produced by the strains of Bacillus, Streptomyces and Actinoplanes sp. The aim of this study was to develop mutagenesis for an Actinoplanes sp. strain and screening for acarbose production. The spores of Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 strain were subjected to be mutated by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) for screening and finding mutant strains that were capable of production of higher acarbose (an inhibitor of α-glucosidase) higher than wild type strain. Firstly, the original NTG solution was prepared in phosphate buffer 0.05 M, pH 6.9 and the safety concentration of NTG was determined at 5 mg/ml. Then, the spores were incubated with different NTG amounts and duration. The living colonies were transferred to fermentation medium. The results obtained showed that 15 mutant strains were produced higher acarbose than wild type when used thin layer chromatography method for analysis and comparing with standard acarbose (Sigma). Three cell lines among total tested 15 mutant lines of Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 produced acarbose at a higher level or indicated a higher inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase than the original strain. Enzymatic inhibitory ativity of α-glucosidase of three mutant strains (Actinoplanes sp. KCTC- L4, L11, L14) was increased 1.3 fold higher than wild type and Actinoplanes sp. KCTC spores were very sensitive to NTG toxic, 98% spores could not survive at the treatment condition of 50 µg NTG for 30 minutes. In addition, an applicable protocol for mutating Actinoplanes sp. using NTG was suggested for further research.
Treatment of acidic wastewater from thien ke tin processing factory by sulfate reducing bioreactor: a pilot scale study
Authors: Hai Nguyen Thi , Hang Dinh Thuy
Published: April 2018

A pilot-scale system of a total volume of 6 m3 using sulfate reducing (SR) bioreactor technology was established for the treatment of acidic wastewater from Thien Ke tin processing factory in Tuyen Quang province, Vietnam. In the system, the acidic wastewater with high metal content went first to a collecting tank filled with limestone gravels to increase pH to a value favorable for SRB growth, and at the second step to a SR bioreactor where sulfate reduction occurred to produce sulfide for metal precipitation. To activate the SR bioreactor, a laboratory SRB mixed culture dominated by Desufovibiro, Desulfobulbus and Desulfomicrobium species was added at a cell density of 106 cell/ml so that a full activation was achieved just after a week of incubation. Molasses was added to the SR bioreactor at 0.5 ml/L as substrate for the SRB growth during the operation. The performance of the system was studied under batch and continuous modes. The batch mode showed good results after three day-operation. The pH increased from 2.8 – 3.2 to 7 – 7.2, and a total of 750 mg/L sulfate was reduced to sulfide presumably by the SRB. The produced sulfide efficiently removed metals from the wastewater, such as iron from 143.1 mg/L to 0.3 mg/L, copper from 16.32 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L and manganese from 10.9 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L. The continuous mode with a hydraulic load of 100 l/h and an according retention time of three days showed constitutive contaminant removal. The effluent pH of the system was around 7 within six-day period. The sulfate reduction was active, keeping sulfate concentration in the final effluent as low as  150 mg/L. Accordingly, the three most metal contaminants (iron, copper and manganese) were found at concentrations below the regulated limits. The results showed the possibility of applying SR bioreactor technology for the treatment of AMD is feasible and the use of previously enriched mixed culture of SRB could be a good approach to shorten the activation period of the SR bioreactor.
Emerging Gene Fusion Drivers in Primary and Metastatic Central Nervous System Malignancies: A Review of Available Evidence for Systemic Targeted Therapies
Authors: Brastianos Priscilla K. , Ippen Franziska Maria , Hafeez Umbreen , Gan Hui K.
Published: April 2018

Primary and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system present a difficult clinical challenge, and they are a common cause of disease progression and death. For most patients, treatment consists primarily of surgery and/or radiotherapy. In recent years, systemic therapies have become available or are under investigation for patients whose tumors are driven by specific genetic alterations, and some of these targeted treatments have been associated with dramatic improvements in extracranial and intracranial disease control and survival. However, the success of other systemic therapies has been hindered by inadequate penetration of the drug into the brain parenchyma. Advances in molecular characterization of oncogenic drivers have led to the identification of new gene fusions driving oncogenesis in some of the most common sources of intracranial tumors. Systemic therapies targeting many of these alterations have been approved recently or are in clinical development, and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is now widely recognized as an important property of such drugs. We review this rapidly advancing field with a focus on recently uncovered gene fusions and brain-penetrant systemic therapies targeting them.

Implications for Practice

Driver gene fusions involving receptor tyrosine kinases have been identified across a wide range of tumor types, including primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors and extracranial solid tumors that are associated with high rates of metastasis to the CNS (e.g., lung, breast, melanoma). This review discusses the systemic therapies that target emerging gene fusions, with a focus on brain-penetrant agents that will target the intracranial disease and, where present, also extracranial disease.
ÇOCUK YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTESİNE YATAN DOWN SENDROMLU HASTALARIN KLİNİK ÖZELLİKLERİ: 6 YILLIK DENEYİMLERİMİZ
Authors: Özsoylu SERKAN , Akyıldız BAŞAK NUR , Dursun Adem
Published: April 2018

Amaç:
2010-2016 yılları arasında Erciyes Üniversitesi Çocuk Yoğunbakım Servisi’ne
yatmış olan Down sendromlu hastaların yatış endikasyonları ile mortalite ve
morbiditeye eşlik eden faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Çalışmaya Ocak 2010–Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında Çocuk Yoğunbakım ünitesine
yatırılan 25 Down Sendromu tanılı hasta alındı. Tüm hastaların başvuru yaşı,
cinsiyet, ek anomalileri, ameliyat varlığı ve klinik seyirleri kaydedildi.
Hastaların sistemik fizik muayeneleri yapılıp Down sendromuna ilişkin bulgular
açısından başta kardiyovasküler sistem olmak üzere tüm sistemler ayrıntılı
olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Tüm
kardiyak defektler görülme oranlarına göre ventriküler septal defekt (VSD) %32,
patent duktus arteriosus (PDA) %4, atriyal septal defekt (ASD) %12,
atriyoventriküler septal defekt (AVSD) %16, fallot tetrolojisi (TOF) %4, mitral
yetmezlik %4, triküspit atrezisi %4, mitral yetmezlik + triküspit yetmezliği %8
şeklinde idi. Çalışmamıza dahil ettiğimiz hastaların 15’inde (%60) pulmoner
hipertansiyon tespit edildi. Pulmoner hipertansiyon ile mortalite arasında
anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı. (p<0,05)

Sonuç: Down sendromlu hastalar yoğunbakım ünitesine hangi tıbbi nedenle
yatırılırsa yatırılsın, hastaların yüksek mortalite oranlarına sahip olduğunu
göstermiştir. MV (mekanik ventilasyon) uygulaması, PHT varlığı, levotiron
kullanımı ve uzamış yatış günü mortaliteyle ilişkili bulunmuştur.
Embryo ve fundal endometrial yüzey arasındaki mesafenin intra sitoplazmik sperm injeksiyonu sikluslarında sonuçlara etkisi
Authors: Tola Esra Nur , Güney Mehmet
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Amacımız,
intrastoplazmik
sperm injeksiyonu (İCSİ) sikluslarında embryo ile
fundal endometrial yüzey arası mesafenin (EFM) implantasyon,
klinik gebelik, eve bebek götürme ve abort oranlarına etkisini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Taze non-donor İCSİ
siklusuna alınan ve embryo transferi (ET) gerçekleştirilen
176 hasta retrospektif olarak çalışmaya alındı. 3 damla tekniği ile Wallace
katetere yüklenen embryo/embriyolar transabdominal ultrason eşliğinde transfer
edildi ve transfer sırasında EFM ölçüldü.
Hastalar
EFM’e göre ≤15 mm, 15-20 mm, ≥20
mm olarak 3 gruba kategorize edildi. ET’den 14 gün sonra bakılan gebelik testinin
pozitif olması ‘implantasyon’, transvaginal
ultrasonda gestasyonel kese görülmesi ‘klinik
gebelik’ ve viabl canlı bebek doğumu ‘eve
bebek götürme’ olarak kabul edildi. <20. gebelik haftasından önce olan
gebelik kayıpları ‘abort’ olarak
değerlendirildi.Bulgular: En
yüksek implantasyon ve klinik gebelik, EFM≥20 mm olan grupta izlenmesine rağmen
eve bebek götürme oranı EFM≤15 mm olan grupta diğerlerine göre daha yüksekti. Abort,
en yüksek EFM≥20mm olan grupta izlendi. İmplantasyon, klinik gebelik, eve bebek
götürme ve abort açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark izlenmedi. Grupların
hiç birinde ektopik gebeliğe rastlanmadı. Klinik olarak gebe kalan grupta toplanan
oosit sayısı, metafazII sayısı ve embryo sayısı gebe kalmayan gruba göre anlamlı
olarak yüksekti. Klinik gebelik oluşumu, EFM tarafından etkilenmiyordu. Gebelik
başarısını etkilediği bilinen değişkenler kofaktör olarak alındığında da EFM implantasyon,
klinik gebelik ve eve bebek götürme oranını etkilememekteydi.

Sonuç:
EFM, İCSİ sikluslarında klinik sonuçları anlamlı olarak etkilemiyor gibi
görünse de EFM≤15 mm olması viabl bebek doğum şansını arttırıp İCSİ başarısını
arttırıyor gibi durmaktadır. Optimum EFM aralığını bulmak için büyük hasta
katılımlı randomize kontrollu klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Çanakkale’de Osmanlı Dönemi Tasavvuf Ortamının İzleri: Tarîkat Yapıları
Authors: ALTIER Semiha
Published: April 2018

Çanakkale’nin iki kıta arasındaki

coğrafi konumu bu şehri askeri, siyasi, ticari olduğu kadar dini-tasavvufi açıdan

da özel kılar. 14.-20. yüzyıllarda zengin bir tasavvufî ortamın yaratıldığı Çanakkale’de,

günümüze ulaşabilen tarîkat yapıları arasında sadece nispeten iyi durumdaki Gelibolu

Mevlevîhanesi ve Yazıcızâde Çilehanesi ile harap durumdaki Eceabat Kilitbahir

Köyü Tâlib-i İrşâdî Dergâhı bulunur.Ancak salnâme, seyahatnâme,

gravür, mezartaşı, arşiv belgesi ve 19. yüzyıl sonu 20.

yüzyılın başlarında bu bölgelerde araştırma yapanların çalışmaları gibi ilk el

kaynaklarda adları geçmekle birlikte; savaş, deprem ve ilgisizlik sonucu bugüne

ulaşmayan tekke, zâviye ve dergâhların sayısı oldukça fazladır. Rumeli ve

Balkanlar’ın Türkleşme/İslamlaşma sürecinde önemli görevler üstlenen bu tarîkat

yapılarının yanısıra, Çanakkale’de çeşitli tarîkat mensupları adına inşa edilen

cami ve türbeler, zaman içinde bunların çevresinde oluşan hazirelerindeki

mezartaşları dönemin tasavvuf hayatının zenginliğini ortaya koyar. Öte yandan

bu tasavvuf ortamında tarikat mensuplarının yazdıkları kitaplar da tasavvuf

edebiyatının temel taşlarını oluşturmuştur.

Elimizdeki bilgilerden Çanakkale’deki tasavvufi

ortamın daha çok Gelibolu’da yoğunlaştığı, yanı sıra merkez ile Lapseki, Ezine,

Eceabat, Bayramiç ve Biga ilçeleriyle, belde ve köylerinde Ahîlik, Bektâşîlik,

Mevlevîlik, Rifâîlik, Nakşibendîlik, Sünbüliyye, Halvetîlik, Kâdirîlik, Bayrâmîlik,

Uşşakîlik, Celvetîlik, Sa’dîlik gibi tarîkatların etkin olduğu anlaşılır. Arşiv

belgelerinde her ne kadar Bektaşiler’e ait tekke sayısı fazla olsa da Mevlevîliğin

bu bölgede ayrı bir yere sahip olduğu anlaşılır. Ancak bu tarîkatlara ait

günümüze ulaşan neredeyse yok denecek sayıdaki yapılar, tarîkat mimarisinin

Çanakkale’deki gelişimini-değişimini ortaya koyacak sayıda/nitelikte değildir.
Bozcaada Kimisis Teodoku Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi
Authors: EKİZ BARIŞ Kübra
Published: April 2018

Bozcaada’nın yüzyıllardır

süregelen tarihi geçmişi, ada genelinde birçok tarihi yapının ortaya çıkmasına

neden olmuştur. Adanın kendine özgü değerlerini anlamak, bir bakıma onun tarihi

yapılarının özeliklerini anlamaktan geçmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bozcaada

tarihi yapılarından birisi olan Bozcaada Kimisis Teodoku Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi’nin

özeliklerini tarihsel süreç içerisinde ve mimarlık bağlamında araştırmak, elde

edilen bulguları aynı dönemde yapılmış diğer kiliselerin özelikleriyle

karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, kilise yapısı mekânsal,

mimari, liturjik öğeleri ve ek yapıları incelenmiş ve İstanbul’da ve Ege

Bölgesinde bulunan, dönemin Rum Ortodoks Kiliseleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır.
Erken Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türk Kadınını Modernleştirme Girişimleri, Türk ve Dünya Basını (1926-1934)
Authors: YELLİCE Gürhan
Published: April 2018

           1923 sonrasında Türk toplumunu modernleştirmek

amacıyla siyasal ve toplumsal hayata ilişkin radikal değişiklikler

gerçekleştirmeye başlayan Cumhuriyet’in bu konudaki en önemli hedeflerinden

birisi Türk Kadınını “özgürleştirmek” ve sosyal statüsünü erkek ile eşit

seviyeye getirmekti. Bu, çağdaşlaşmanın ve devrimlerin yerleşmesi konusunda oldukça

önemli ve gerekli görüldü. Bu amaçla; bir taraftan Türk kadını, görsel olarak

kendisini ifade etmesi konusunda cesaretlendirilirken diğer taraftan daha

nitelikli iş kollarında çalışması teşvik edildi ve istediği herhangi bir

mesleği icra edebileceğine dair bir güven algısının yerleştirilmesine

çalışıldı. Yasal boyutta 1926 yılında Medeni Kanun’la başlayan bu süreç, 1934

yılında kadınlara seçme ve seçilme hakkının verilmesiyle zirveye ulaştı. Bu

adımların atıldığı süreçte kadınların yeni haklar konusunda bilgilendirilmesi,

bilinçlendirilmesi, kamuoyunun tepkisinin ölçülmesi konusunda Türk basını

teşvik edici, ve cesaretlendirici önemli bir görev üstlendi. Bu süreçte ayrıca Avrupa

ve dünya basını da Türk kadınının kazanımlarını ilgiyle takip etti, kadınların

modernleştirilmesi konusundaki girişimlere yönelik oldukça olumlu bir tutum

benimsedi ve kaleme alınan yazılarla Türkiye’deki değişim sürecinin dünya

kamuoyuna aktarılması sağlandı. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1926 yılından 1934’e kadar

Türk kadınının değişim sürecini Türk ve dünya basını üzerinden ele almak ve

analiz etmektir.
19. Yüzyılda Burgaz Kasabasının Gelişimi ve Karadeniz Ticaretindeki Önemi
Authors: ERSOY HACISALİHOĞLU Neriman
Published: April 2018

        Burgaz şehri

Karadeniz’in batı kıyılarındaki limanlar arasında Varna’dan sonra önemli bir

konuma sahiptir. 19. yüzyılda özellikle Balkanlardaki ticaretin daha yoğun

gerçekleştiği dönemde Burgaz limanının önemi daha da artmıştır. Çalışmamızda

bir liman şehri olan Burgaz’ın önceleri Varna limanın çok gerisindeyken

gerçekleşen ticaret sayesinde 19. yüzyılın ortalarında nasıl gelişme gösterdiği

incelenecektir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak Burgaz’da modern liman inşasına

değinilecek,  ardından da Burgaz

limanında uluslararası ticaretin gelişmesi ortaya konulacaktır. Başta İstanbul

olmak üzere Avrupa’nın değişik şehirlerine liman vasıtasıyla gerçekleşen

ticaret ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Bu limana gelen ilk Avrupa

gemileri arasında Avusturya gemilerinin bulunduğu, bu gemiler tarafından 1848

yılından sonra İstanbul-Burgaz-Varna seferlerinin düzenli bir şekilde yapıldığı

görülmektedir. 1853-1856 Kırım savaşından sonra liman üzerinden yürütülen

ticaret daha da artmıştır. Burgaz limanı güzergâhından İstanbul halkının temel

ihtiyaçları da karşılanmıştır. Bu ürünler arasında tahıl, pirinç, yün, peynir

ve kereste gibi mallar vardır. Bu ürünler Karnobat, İslimiye, Eski Zağra ve

Kalofer gibi şehirlerden elde edilmiştir. Bu arada Burgaz limanındaki ticarette

en büyük rolü Osmanlı gemilerinin oynadığı dikkat çekmektedir.

        Çalışmamızın ana kaynakları Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivindeki belgelerdir.

Ayrıca Bulgarca literatürden ve İngiliz Arşivlerindeki bazı raporlardan elde

edilen verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Konu hakkında şu ana kadar Türkçe

literatürde çalışma mevcut değildir. Fakat Bulgarca olarak oldukça geniş bir

literatür ve arşiv malzemesi vardır. 
Şairle Sultan Arasında ‘İltifat’: Fuzulî’nin Kanunî Medhiyeleri
Authors: ŞAHİN Ebubekir S.
Published: April 2018

Aslında bir hitabet sanatı olan ‘iltifat’, topluluk karşısında
okunmak üzere düzenlenen kasidenin vazgeçilmez bir unsurudur. Muhatabı karşısında
şairin konumunu görmemizi sağlayan bu sanata, diğer bütün edebî ürünlerde de
rastlanır. Makale, klasik şiirde iltifatın izini süren uzun soluklu bir
çalışmanın devamı niteliğindedir.

        Fuzulî’nin
kasidelerindeki bir anlatım özelliğini ele alan bu yazı, övgü şiirlerinin
önemli bir unsuru olan iltifat sanatını merkeze alarak, şairin Kanunî
Sultan Süleyman ile olan ilişkisine ışık tutuyor. Fuzulî’nin Türkçe Divan’ı
ve Leylâ vü Mecnûn mesnevîsinde, Kanunî’ye övgü olarak yazılmış toplam
beş kaside bulunuyor. Diğer bütün övgü şiirlerinde “iltifat” sanatına yer veren
şairin, bu beş şiirin dördünde söz konusu sanatı kullanmadığı görülüyor.
Makalede bu sıra dışı uygulamanın ne anlama geldiği üzerinde duruluyor.
Elit Badmintoncularda Bazı Performans Bileşenleri ve Şampiyona Sıralaması Arasındaki İlişki: Cinsiyetler Arası Karşılaştırma
Authors: HAZIR Sinem , SALMAN Melih , DEVRİLMEZ Erhan , ŞATIROĞLU Sadık
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit
badmintoncularda bazı performans bileşenleri ile şampiyona sıralaması
arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek ve cinsiyetler arası karşılaştırma
yapmaktır.  Araştırmaya, büyükler
kategorisinde Türkiye Şampiyonasına katılan 11 kadın (Yaş: 19.5 ± 2.5 yıl, Boy:
166.7 ± 8.2 cm, Vücut Ağırlığı: 58.2 ± 8.1 kg), 9 erkek (Yaş: 20.2 ± 2,2 yıl,
Boy: 177.3 ± 5.8 cm, Vücut Ağırlığı: 74.5 ± 6.2 kg) toplam 20 elit badmintoncu katılmıştır.
Sporculara antropometrik ölçümler, el kavrama kuvveti, sürat, sıçrama ve çeviklik,
anaerobik güç ve kapasite ile omuz ve diz eklemine ait izokinetik kuvvet testleri
uygulanmış, bu ölçümlerin tamamlanmasından bir hafta sonra sporcular Türkiye
Büyükler Badminton Şampiyonasına katılmışlardır. Cinsiyetler arasında yapılan
karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre; endomorfi ve ektomorfi özellikleri ile yorgunluk
indeksi ve elastik kuvvet özelliklerinde cinsiyetler birbirine benzer bulunmuştur
(p>0.05). Türkiye şampiyonasında elde edilen sıralama ile ölçülen değişkenler
arasındaki korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; kadın sporcularda vücut
ağırlığı (rs= -.721;p=0.019),
yağsız vücut kitlesi (rs= -.648;p=0.43),
180°/sn baskın kol omuz dış rotator kuvveti (rs= -.760;p=0.011), 60 ve 180 °/sn diz ekstansiyon zirve
tork kuvveti sağ ve sol bacak toplamları (sırasıyla: rs= -.782;p=0.008; rs=
-.879;p=0.001), 180 °/sn diz fleksiyon zirve tork kuvveti sağ ve sol bacak
toplamları (rs= -.709;p=0.022)
ile şampiyona sıralaması arasındaki ilişki anlamlı bulunmuştur. Erkek
sporcularda ise bu ilişki sadece yağsız vücut kitlesi  (rs=
-.793;p=0.033) ve anaerobik kapasite  (rs= -.847;p=0.016) özelliğinde
anlamlıdır. Sonuç olarak kadın badmintoncularda elde edilen iyi yarışma derecelerinin
vücut ağırlığı, yağsız vücut kitlesi ile alt ve üst gövdeye ait izokinetik kas
kuvvetinin yüksek olmasıyla; erkek badmintoncularda ise yağsız vücut kitlesi ve
anaerobik kapasitenin yüksekliği ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
A poética da totalidade: um estudo da comicidade no drama romântico de Castro Alves
Authors: Araújo Giovanna Gobbi Alves
Published: April 2018

O presente ensaio discute a mescla de gêneros no interior da estética do drama romântico, a partir da presença da comicidade na peça Gonzaga ou a Revolução de Minas (1876) de Castro Alves. Para tal, apresento noções basilares acerca da concepção de arte dramática constituída nos escritos em prosa do autor baiano e sua filiação literária ao modelo de drama romântico proposto por Victor Hugo. Por fim, analiso os procedimentos cômicos empregados em excertos selecionados do drama em questão, considerando sua funcionalidade em relação à economia geral da obra, partindo das proposições teóricas de Vladímir Propp e Henri Bergson.