bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial shocks to banks, R&D investment, and recessions
Authors: Ohdoi Ryoji
Published: August 2023

In some classes of macroeconomic models with financial frictions, an adverse financial shock successfully explains a decrease in real activity but simultaneously induces a stock price boom. The latter theoretical result is not consistent with data from actual financial crises. This study aims to provide a theoretical explanation for both prolonged recessions and stock price declines. I develop a simple macroeconomic model featuring a banking sector, financial frictions, and R&D-based endogenous growth. Both the analytical and numerical investigations show that endogenous R&D investment and a shock hindering banks’ financial intermediary function can be key to generating both a prolonged recession and a drop in firms’ stock prices.
Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Indian common bean accessions using microsatellite markers
Authors: Bisht Yogita , Sharma Himanshu , Jugran Arun K. , Singh Ajay Veer , Mishra Pankaj K. , Pareek Navneet
Published: August 2023

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop of family Fabaceae used as a potential source of proteins, fibres and minerals. Thus, characterization of existing germplasm is useful for improvement and conservation. The Indian Himalayan Region harbours plentiful varieties of common bean, but it is nearly unexplored till date. In the present study, physical and genetic diversity of common bean was examined. Fifteen newly designed chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure in 119 common bean individuals from 20 diverse accessions gathered from Uttarakhand, India. Significantly, positive (p< 0.05) relationship of seed weight was found with seed length (r = 0.813), seed width (r = 0.692) and seed length- width ratio (r = 0.694) using Pearson correlation analysis. A total of 20 alleles were identified using eight cpSSR markers. Mean number of alleles per locus (Na = 1.55), effective allele number (Ne = 1.370), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.213), average polymorphic loci (10.9) and Shannon information index (I = 0.313) were estimated based on cpSSR data. Maximum genetic diversity (He) was recorded in the AKJ/KK/DP/Jhalla/23 accession and minimum in the AKJ/YB/PS/Supi/43 accession. Bayesian-based STRUCTURE evaluation using cpSSR-based information partitioned 20 accessions into two distinct clusters which were also supported by neighbor-joining cluster analysis. These cpSSR markers also demonstrated transferability among other members like Vigna radiata, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Glycine max, Vigna mungo of Fabaceae family, therefore can be used to monitor their genetic heterogeneity. The findings from the study might be valuable to identify elite common bean accessions for production, conservation and future breeding programmes.
A comparative analysis of machine learning approach for optimizing antenna design
Authors: Shakya Sarbagya Ratna , Kube Matthew , Zhou Zhaoxian
Published: August 2023

With the increasing demand for smarter antenna design in advanced technology applications, well-designed antennas have been an important factor in enhancing system performance. Most traditional antenna design requires multiple iterations and extensive testing to produce a final product. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used as an alternative to predict the optimal design parameters, but the outcome depends highly on the ML model efficiency. With recent development in machine learning algorithms and the availability of data for antenna design, we investigated different machine learning algorithms for optimizing the output strength of three basic antennae by analyzing the signal strength of the antenna for various antenna parameters. Different regression-based ML models were used to learn the behaviors and efficiency of three different antennas and to predict the output strength (S11) for different ranges of frequencies. The experiment compared and analyzed these ML regression algorithms for three different antennas: shot antenna, patch antenna, and bowtie antenna. In addition, the paper also provides comparison of ensemble ML models for performance analysis using the best three ML algorithms from the preliminary study. This study optimizes antenna parameters and quicker and smarter antenna design procedure using ML algorithms as compared to traditional design methods.
Seismic Velocity Structure of Upper Mantle Beneath the Oldest Pacific Seafloor: Insights From Finite‐Frequency Tomography
Authors: Kang Hyunsun , Kim YoungHee , Hung Shu‐Huei , Lin Pei‐Ying Patty , Isse Takehi , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Lee Sang‐Mook , Utada Hisashi , Takeuchi Nozomu , Shiobara Hajime , Sugioka Hiroko , Kim Seung‐Sep
Published: August 2023

The oldest oceanic basin (160–180 Ma) in the western Pacific is the birthplace of the Pacific Plate and is thus essential for understanding the formation and evolution of the oceanic plate. However, the upper mantle structure beneath the region has not been thoroughly investigated because of the remoteness and difficulties of long‐term in situ seismic measurements at the ocean bottom. From 2018 to 2019, the Oldest‐1 experiment on the oldest seafloor was conducted as part of the international Pacific Array initiative. We present the first three‐dimensional P‐wave velocity structure down to a depth of 350 km based on the relative travel time residuals of teleseismic earthquakes recorded by 11 broadband ocean‐bottom seismometers operated during the Oldest‐1 experiment. Our result shows a fast P‐wave velocity anomaly (VP perturbation of 2%–4% faster than average) at a depth of 95–185 km beneath the northeast of the study area. This structure is interpreted as evidence of dry, viscous, and rigid materials at depths below the lithosphere. Two slow anomalies (VP perturbation of 2%–4% slower than average) are seen beneath the southwestern and eastern (the oldest seafloor >170 Ma) parts of the array site. The low‐velocity zones are found at depths of 95–305 km. The observed velocity structures can be indicative of plume activities that affected the upper mantle as the Pacific Plate migrated over hotspots from the southeast. Alternatively, the observed velocity features may provide seismic evidence for small‐scale sublithospheric convection.
Effect of a Magnetospheric Compression on Jovian Radio Emissions: In Situ Case Study Using Juno Data
Authors: Louis C. K. , Jackman C. M. , Hospodarsky G. , O’Kane Hackett A. , Devon‐Hurley E. , Zarka P. , Kurth W. S. , Ebert R. W. , Weigt D. M. , Fogg A. R. , Waters J. E. , McEntee S. C. , Connerney J. E. P. , Louarn P. , Levin S. , Bolton S. J.
Published: August 2023

During its polar orbits around Jupiter, Juno often crosses the boundaries of the Jovian magnetosphere (namely the magnetopause and bow shock). From the boundary locations, the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure can be inferred, which in turn illustrates the state of compression or relaxation of the system. The aim of this study is to examine Jovian radio emissions during magnetospheric compressions, in order to determine the relationship between the solar wind and Jovian radio emissions. In this paper, we give a complete list of bow shock and magnetopause crossings (from June 2016 to August 2022), and the associated solar wind dynamic pressure and standoff distances inferred from Joy et al. (2002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA009146). We then select two sets of magnetopause crossings with moderate to strong compression of the magnetosphere for two case studies of the response of the Jovian radio emissions. We confirm that magnetospheric compressions lead to the activation of new radio sources. Newly activated broadband kilometric emissions are observed almost simultaneously with compression of the magnetosphere, with sources covering a large range of longitudes. Decametric emission sources are seen to be activated more than one rotation later only at specific longitudes and dusk local times. Finally, the activation of narrowband kilometric radiation is not observed until the magnetosphere is in its expansion phase.
Jupiter's Coordinate System Transformations: A Guide for Future Studies of the Jovian System
Authors: Wang Yujie , Wang Yabing , Tang Kai , Kong Dali
Published: August 2023

The Juno mission, launched in 2011, has significantly advanced our understanding of Jupiter's gravitational field, the solar wind and interplanetary conditions along its orbit, the evolution of Jupiter's high‐latitude magnetosphere and aurorae, the dynamics of plasma and electromagnetic fields in its magnetosphere, etc. As a result, new requirements for the definition and improvement of existing coordinate systems have arisen due to engineering implementation and the understanding of various scientific questions that rely on different preferred coordinate systems. In this paper, we first review the primary Jupiter's coordinate systems, including newly defined systems, such as the Jupiter Solar MAGnetosphere (JSMAG) and Jupiter Equatorial Inertial (JEIJ2000) coordinate systems, as well as a precisely defined orthogonal Jupiter Heliospheric (JH) coordinate system. We have also improved several magnetic field‐related coordinate systems and these systems support different Jupiter magnetic field models. The angular deviation of solar position‐related coordinate systems oriented by the semi‐analytical ephemerides TOP2013 is less than 70 milliarcseconds during the time span from 1800 to 2200 year. In addition, we propose a relatively simple, fast, and accurate transformation method, addressing the complexity of traditional coordinate system transformations entirely based on rotation axes and angles. This method introduces a basic coordinate system in which the unit vectors of all coordinate axes are represented. Finally, the comparison of our calculation with the published data indicates the high efficiency and accuracy of this work, which can be used as a basic tool for future Jovian system explorations from 1800 to 2200 year.
When It’s Too Hot for Fans
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: August 2023

Electric fans keep vulnerable people cool in a warming world. But new research shows there are increasing numbers of hours when—and places where—using fans may be dangerous.
Physical Mechanisms Driving Enhanced Carbon Sequestration by the Biological Pump Under Climate Warming
Authors: Dunne J. P.
Published: August 2023

As ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal techniques are being considered, it is critical that they be evaluated against our scientific understanding of the global biological carbon pump. In a recent paper Nowicki et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007083) provide an innovative and comprehensive breakdown of the different mechanistic pathways of carbon sequestration through the present‐day biological pump but then speculate that “These results suggest that ocean carbon storage will weaken as the oceans stratify and the subtropical gyres expand due to anthropogenic climate change.” Essentially, the authors combine their steady state result that oligotrophic subtropical gyres have lower residence times than other areas with the climate change result of these areas increasing under climate warming and extrapolate—assuming “all else is equal”—that the overall ocean will suffer a reduction in carbon sequestration efficiency. Expressing global changes in carbon sequestered by the ocean's biological pump as the summation of local changes in the sequestered carbon, timescale of return to the surface, and biogeographical area, I discuss how all three terms are tightly coupled, and summarize decades of climate change modeling consistently indicating that the global scale physical sequestration response is an increase ‐ in opposition of what one would infer from changes in subtropical area alone.
Hillslope Morphology Drives Variability of Detrital 10Be Erosion Rates in Steep Landscapes
Authors: DiBiase Roman A. , Neely Alexander B. , Whipple Kelin X. , Heimsath Arjun M. , Niemi Nathan A.
Published: August 2023

The connection between topography and erosion rate is central to understanding landscape evolution and sediment hazards. However, investigation of this relationship in steep landscapes has been limited due to expectations of: (a) decoupling between erosion rate and “threshold” hillslope morphology; and (b) bias in detrital cosmogenic nuclide erosion rates due to deep‐seated landslides. Here we compile 120 new and published 10Be erosion rates from catchments in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, and show that hillslope morphology and erosion rate are coupled for slopes approaching 50° due to progressive exposure of bare bedrock with increasing erosion rate. We find no evidence for drainage area dependence in 10Be erosion rates in catchments as small as 0.09 km2, and we show that landslide deposits influence erosion rate estimates mainly by adding scatter. Our results highlight the potential and importance of sampling small catchments to better understand steep hillslope processes.
Separating Contributions to Plasma Vorticity in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere From Large‐Scale Convection and Meso‐Scale Turbulence
Authors: Chisham G. , Freeman M. P.
Published: August 2023

Measurements of ionospheric flow vorticity can be used for studying ionospheric plasma transport processes, such as convection and turbulence, over a wide range of spatial scales. Here, we analyze probability density functions (PDFs) of ionospheric vorticity for selected regions of the northern hemisphere high‐latitude ionosphere as measured by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network over a 6‐year interval (2000–2005 inclusive). Subdividing these PDFs for opposite polarities of the By component of the prevailing interplanetary magnetic field allows the separation into two distinct components: (a) A single‐sided Weibull distribution which relates to the large‐scale convection driven by magnetic reconnection; (b) A double‐sided and symmetric q‐exponential distribution which arises from meso‐scale plasma flow related to processes such as turbulence.
Two‐Line Elements Based Thermospheric Mass Density Specification From Parameter Optimization of a Physics‐Based Model
Authors: Ren Dexin , Lei Jiuhou
Published: August 2023

Accurately estimating the mass density of the thermosphere can assist satellite operators in planning missions and optimizing satellite orbits, reducing the risk of collisions. The newly developed GOFT (Global Observation‐based Forecast for the Thermosphere) model specifies thermospheric mass density by optimizing uncertainty parameters in a physics‐based model based on model errors. This study extends the model to specify thermospheric mass density based on Two‐Line Elements (TLEs) from numerous space objects. The resulting mass density is validated against accelerometer‐derived mass density from different satellites. The comparison results revealed that assimilating TLEs into the GOFT model significantly improved the accuracy of the thermospheric mass density. In addition, the GOFT model also improved the accuracy of the electron density in the ionosphere, indicating that the assimilation capability of GOFT allows simultaneous specification of coupled ionosphere and thermosphere in future applications.
Refining the study of decision-making in animals: differential effects of d-amphetamine and haloperidol in a novel touchscreen-automated Rearing-Effort Discounting (RED) task and the Fixed-Ratio Effort Discounting (FRED) task
Authors: Lopez-Cruz Laura , Phillips Benjamin U. , Hailwood Jonathan M. , Saksida Lisa M. , Heath Christopher J. , Bussey Timothy J.
Published: August 2023

Effort-based decision-making is impaired in multiple psychopathologies leading to significant impacts on the daily life of patients. Preclinical studies of this important transdiagnostic symptom in rodents are hampered, however, by limitations present in currently available decision-making tests, including the presence of delayed reinforcement and off-target cognitive demands. Such possible confounding factors can complicate the interpretation of results in terms of decision-making per se. In this study we addressed this problem using a novel touchscreen Rearing-Effort Discounting (RED) task in which mice choose between two single-touch responses: rearing up to touch an increasingly higher positioned stimulus to obtain a High Reward (HR) or touching a lower stimulus to obtain a Low Reward (LR). To explore the putative advantages of this new approach, RED was compared with a touchscreen version of the well-studied Fixed Ratio-based Effort Discounting (FRED) task, in which multiple touches are required to obtain an HR, and a single response is required to obtain an LR. Results from dopaminergic (haloperidol and d-amphetamine), behavioral (changes in the order of effort demand; fixed-ratio schedule in FRED or response height in RED), and dietary manipulations (reward devaluation by pre-feeding) were consistent with the presence of variables that may complicate interpretation of conventional decision-making tasks, and demonstrate how RED appears to minimize such variables.
Bcl-2 inhibition combined with PPARα activation synergistically targets leukemic stem cell-like cells in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Xie Chendi , Zhou Hui , Qin Dongmei , Zheng Huijian , Tang Yuanfang , Li Wenjuan , Zhou Jie , Liu Long , Yu Xinxin , Duan Hongpeng , Zhou Yong , Li Zhifeng , Fang Zhihong , Luo Yiming , Carter Bing Z. , Xu Bing , Zha Jie
Published: August 2023

Persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is one of the determining factors to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment failure and responsible for the poor prognosis of the disease. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies that target LSCs are crucial for treatment success. We investigated if targeting Bcl-2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), two distinct cell survival regulating mechanisms could eliminate LSCs. This study demonstrate that the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with the PPARα agonist chiglitazar resulted in synergistic killing of LSC-like cell lines and CD34+ primary AML cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Furthermore, the combination regimen significantly suppressed AML progression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Mechanistically, chiglitazar-mediated PPARα activation inhibited the transcriptional activity of the PIK3AP1 gene promoter and down-regulated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, leading to cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction, which was synergized with venetoclax. These findings suggest that combinatorial Bcl-2 inhibition and PPARα activation selectively eliminates AML cells in vivo and vitro, representing an effective therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory AML.
Plk1 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by targeting autophagy/lysosome axis
Authors: Du Yang , Shang Yaqiong , Qian Yun , Guo Yan , Chen Shuang , Lin Xiuli , Cao Weidong , Tang Xiaomei , Zhou Anning , Huang Songming , Zhang Aihua , Jia Zhanjun , Zhang Yue
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing over the past decades. However, no effective therapies are available for delaying or curing CKD. Progressive fibrosis is the major pathological feature of CKD, which leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study showed that Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) was upregulated in the kidneys of CKD patients and mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) with location in proximal tubules and tubulointerstitial fibroblasts. Pharmacological inhibition, genetic silencing or knockout of Plk1 attenuated obstructive nephropathy due to suppressed fibroblast activation mediated by reduced autophagic flux. We found Plk1 plays a critical role in maintaining intralysosomal pH by regulating ATP6V1A phosphorylation, and inhibition of Plk1 impaired lysosomal function leading to blockade of autophagic flux. In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Plk1 plays a pathogenic role in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating autophagy/lysosome axis. Thus, targeting Plk1 could be a promising strategy for CKD treatment.
The non-redundant functions of PIWI family proteins in gametogenesis in golden hamsters
Authors: Lv Xiaolong , Xiao Wen , Lai Yana , Zhang Zhaozhen , Zhang Hongdao , Qiu Chen , Hou Li , Chen Qin , Wang Duanduan , Gao Yun , Song Yuanyuan , Shui Xinjia , Chen Qinghua , Qin Ruixin , Liang Shuang , Zeng Wentao , Shi Aimin , Li Jianmin , Wu Ligang
Published: August 2023

The piRNA pathway is essential for female fertility in golden hamsters and likely humans, but not in mice. However, the role of individual PIWIs in mammalian reproduction remains poorly understood outside of mice. Here, we describe the expression profiles, subcellular localization, and knockout-associated reproductive defects for all four PIWIs in golden hamsters. In female golden hamsters, PIWIL1 and PIWIL3 are highly expressed throughout oogenesis and early embryogenesis, while knockout of PIWIL1 leads to sterility, and PIWIL3 deficiency results in subfertility with lagging zygotic development. PIWIL1 can partially compensate for TE silencing in PIWIL3 knockout females, but not vice versa. PIWIL1 and PIWIL4 are the predominant PIWIs expressed in adult and postnatal testes, respectively, while PIWIL2 is present at both stages. Loss of any PIWI expressed in testes leads to sterility and severe but distinct spermatogenesis disorders. These findings illustrate the non-redundant regulatory functions of PIWI-piRNAs in gametogenesis and early embryogenesis in golden hamsters, facilitating study of their role in human fertility.
Observation of an Alice ring in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Blinova Alina , Zamora-Zamora Roberto , Ollikainen Tuomas , Kivioja Markus , Möttönen Mikko , Hall David S.
Published: August 2023

Monopoles and vortices are fundamental topological excitations that appear in physical systems spanning enormous scales of size and energy, from the vastness of the early universe to tiny laboratory droplets of nematic liquid crystals and ultracold gases. Although the topologies of vortices and monopoles are distinct from one another, under certain circumstances a monopole can spontaneously and continuously deform into a vortex ring with the curious property that monopoles passing through it are converted into anti-monopoles. However, the observation of such Alice rings has remained a major challenge, due to the scarcity of experimentally accessible monopoles in continuous fields. Here, we present experimental evidence of an Alice ring resulting from the decay of a topological monopole defect in a dilute gaseous 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensate. Our results, in agreement with detailed first-principles simulations, provide an unprecedented opportunity to explore the unique features of a composite excitation that combines the topological features of both a monopole and a vortex ring.
Tricolor visible wavelength-selective photodegradable hydrogel biomaterials
Authors: Rapp Teresa L. , DeForest Cole A.
Published: August 2023

Photodynamic hydrogel biomaterials have demonstrated great potential for user-triggered therapeutic release, patterned organoid development, and four-dimensional control over advanced cell fates in vitro. Current photosensitive materials are constrained by their reliance on high-energy ultraviolet light (<400 nm) that offers poor tissue penetrance and limits access to the broader visible spectrum. Here, we report a family of three photolabile material crosslinkers that respond rapidly and with unique tricolor wavelength-selectivity to low-energy visible light (400–617 nm). We show that when mixed with multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) macromolecular precursors, ruthenium polypyridyl- and ortho-nitrobenzyl (oNB)-based crosslinkers yield cytocompatible biomaterials that can undergo spatiotemporally patterned, uniform bulk softening, and multiplexed degradation several centimeters deep through complex tissue. We demonstrate that encapsulated living cells within these photoresponsive gels show high viability and can be successfully recovered from the hydrogels following photodegradation. Moving forward, we anticipate that these advanced material platforms will enable new studies in 3D mechanobiology, controlled drug delivery, and next-generation tissue engineering applications.
Flight trajectory prediction enabled by time-frequency wavelet transform
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Guo Dongyue , Zhou Shizhong , Zhang Jianwei , Lin Yi
Published: August 2023

Accurate flight trajectory prediction is a crucial and challenging task in air traffic control, especially for maneuver operations. Modern data-driven methods are typically formulated as a time series forecasting task and fail to retain high accuracy. Meantime, as the primary modeling method for time series forecasting, frequency-domain analysis is underutilized in the flight trajectory prediction task. In this work, an innovative wavelet transform-based framework is proposed to perform time-frequency analysis of flight patterns to support trajectory forecasting. An encoder-decoder neural architecture is developed to estimate wavelet components, focusing on the effective modeling of global flight trends and local motion details. A real-world dataset is constructed to validate the proposed approach, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework exhibits higher accuracy than other comparative baselines, obtaining improved prediction performance in terms of four measurements, especially in the climb and descent phase with maneuver control. Most importantly, the time-frequency analysis is confirmed to be effective to achieve the flight trajectory prediction task.
Security of quantum key distribution from generalised entropy accumulation
Authors: Metger Tony , Renner Renato
Published: August 2023

The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general attacks: no matter the adversary’s attack, they cannot gain useful information about the key. A much simpler task is to prove security against collective attacks, where the adversary is assumed to behave identically and independently in each round. In this work, we provide a formal framework for general QKD protocols and show that for any protocol that can be expressed in this framework, security against general attacks reduces to security against collective attacks, which in turn reduces to a numerical computation. Our proof relies on a recently developed information-theoretic tool called generalised entropy accumulation and can handle generic prepare-and-measure protocols directly without switching to an entanglement-based version.
Deep and fast label-free Dynamic Organellar Mapping
Authors: Schessner Julia P. , Albrecht Vincent , Davies Alexandra K. , Sinitcyn Pavel , Borner Georg H. H.
Published: August 2023

The Dynamic Organellar Maps (DOMs) approach combines cell fractionation and shotgun-proteomics for global profiling analysis of protein subcellular localization. Here, we enhance the performance of DOMs through data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry. DIA-DOMs achieve twice the depth of our previous workflow in the same mass spectrometry runtime, and substantially improve profiling precision and reproducibility. We leverage this gain to establish flexible map formats scaling from high-throughput analyses to extra-deep coverage. Furthermore, we introduce DOM-ABC, a powerful and user-friendly open-source software tool for analyzing profiling data. We apply DIA-DOMs to capture subcellular localization changes in response to starvation and disruption of lysosomal pH in HeLa cells, which identifies a subset of Golgi proteins that cycle through endosomes. An imaging time-course reveals different cycling patterns and confirms the quantitative predictive power of our translocation analysis. DIA-DOMs offer a superior workflow for label-free spatial proteomics as a systematic phenotype discovery tool.
Thermodynamically controlled multiphase separation of heterogeneous liquid crystal colloids
Authors: Tao Han , Rigoni Carlo , Li Hailong , Koistinen Antti , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Zhou Jiancheng , Kontturi Eero , Rojas Orlando J. , Chu Guang
Published: August 2023

Phase separation is a universal physical transition process whereby a homogeneous mixture splits into two distinct compartments that are driven by the component activity, elasticity, or compositions. In the current work, we develop a series of heterogeneous colloidal suspensions that exhibit both liquid-liquid phase separation of semiflexible binary polymers and liquid crystal phase separation of rigid, rod-like nanocellulose particles. The phase behavior of the multicomponent mixture is controlled by the trade-off between thermodynamics and kinetics during the two transition processes, displaying cholesteric self-assembly of nanocellulose within or across the compartmented aqueous phases. Upon thermodynamic control, two-, three-, and four-phase coexistence behaviors with rich liquid crystal stackings are realized. Among which, each relevant multiphase separation kinetics shows fundamentally different paths governed by nucleation and growth of polymer droplets and nanocellulose tactoids. Furthermore, a coupled multiphase transition can be realized by tuning the composition and the equilibrium temperature, which results in thermotropic behavior of polymers within a lyotropic liquid crystal matrix. Finally, upon drying, the multicomponent mixture undergoes a hierarchical self-assembly of nanocellulose and polymers into stratified cholesteric films, exhibiting compartmentalized polymer distribution and anisotropic microporous structure.
Interrogating the viral dark matter of the rumen ecosystem with a global virome database
Authors: Yan Ming , Pratama Akbar Adjie , Somasundaram Sripoorna , Li Zongjun , Jiang Yu , Sullivan Matthew B. , Yu Zhongtang
Published: August 2023

The diverse rumen virome can modulate the rumen microbiome, but it remains largely unexplored. Here, we mine 975 published rumen metagenomes for viral sequences, create a global rumen virome database (RVD), and analyze the rumen virome for diversity, virus-host linkages, and potential roles in affecting rumen functions. Containing 397,180 species-level viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), RVD substantially increases the detection rate of rumen viruses from metagenomes compared with IMG/VR V3. Most of the classified vOTUs belong to Caudovirales, differing from those found in the human gut. The rumen virome is predicted to infect the core rumen microbiome, including fiber degraders and methanogens, carries diverse auxiliary metabolic genes, and thus likely impacts the rumen ecosystem in both a top-down and a bottom-up manner. RVD and the findings provide useful resources and a baseline framework for future research to investigate how viruses may impact the rumen ecosystem and digestive physiology.
Identification of immune infiltration-related biomarkers in carotid atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yang Wentao , Wang Shengxing , Sun Mingsheng , Jin Zhenyi , Zhang Wangde , Ren Hualiang , Li Chunmin
Published: August 2023

Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory response of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and it is responsible for several cardiovascular ischemic events. The present study aimed to determine immune infiltration-related biomarkers in carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CAPs). Gene expression profiles of CAPs were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAPs and control groups were screened by the “limma” package in R software. Immune cell infiltration between the CAPs and control groups was evaluated by the single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Key infiltrating immune cells in the CAPs group were screened by the Wilcoxon test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify immune cell-related genes. Hub genes were identified by the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the gene’s ability to differentiate between the CAPs and control groups. Finally, we constructed a miRNA-gene-transcription factor network of hub genes by using the ENCODE database. Eleven different types of immune infiltration-related cells were identified between the CAPs and control groups. A total of 1,586 differentially expressed immunity-related genes were obtained through intersection between DEGs and immune-related genes. Twenty hub genes were screened through the PPI network. Eventually, 7 genes (BTK, LYN, PTPN11, CD163, CD4, ITGAL, and ITGB7) were identified as the hub genes of CAPs, and these genes may serve as the estimable drug targets for patients with CAPs.
Influence of external insert angle on structural deformation of long pipe shed with shallow hole
Authors: Jiang Chao Teng , Mao Wei , Zhang Yongkang , Liu Xuejun , Muhemaier Ruheiyan , Xie Liangfu
Published: August 2023

The long pipe shed advanced support has the characteristics of large construction difficulty, wide support range, and easy deviation. The difference in construction dip angle will produce a different plastic zone of surrounding rock and supporting effects, and the rationality of advanced support design plays an important role in the safety of tunnel opening excavation. Based on the Tianshan Tunnel project, this paper aims at the problems of the loose pebble layer structure, poor cohesion, strong permeability, shallow excavation is not easy to form a confined arch, and easy to causes surrounding rock deformation and failure. Combined with the new method theory, the finite difference software FLAC3D was used to simulate seven excavation schemes of the shallow tunnel entrances. The mechanism and effect of advance support and the influence of construction angle on support effect are analyzed, and the simulation values are compared with the measured data. The results show that using long pipe shed advanced support can effectively reduce the disturbance of excavation to lose pebble rock mass and reduce the convergence value of surrounding rock. The plastic zone of surrounding rock produced by different angles can be divided into three parts. The structural stability difference of the C1 zone is small, and that of the C3 zone is large. The bending moment, shear force, and shape variables of the pipe shed decrease with the increase of the dip angle, while the axial force increases with the increase of the dip angle. According to the similarity between the simulated curve and the measured curve, the best supporting effect can be achieved when the dip angle of the pre-supporting pipe shed is set in the range of 0° ~ 3°.
Progressive underplating of mafic material at mid-crustal depth beneath Ischia volcano, Italy
Authors: Bianchi Irene , Pezzo Giuseppe , Giordano Guido , Chiarabba Claudio
Published: August 2023

The destructive (Mw 3.9) earthquake of 21 August 2017 re-opened the question on where magma resides at the Ischia island volcano. The peculiar complexity of the seismic source initiated the debate on the involvement of fluid-related processes, but the magmatic origin of the event remains uncertain. Here we use ground displacement and broadband seismic data to investigate the magmatic system of Ischia volcano, where progressive underplating of mafic material at mid-crustal depth feeds the deep structures, which are characterized by exceptionally high seismic velocity and are connected with a shallow crystal mush. Although no direct evidence of large molten volumes was found, strong anisotropy suggests that the crystal mush is pervaded by magma-intruded dykes. We propose that the 2017 event was due to a negative tensile deformation caused by depressurization of supercritical fluids along a shallow southwest (SW-)-dipping fault defined by receiver functions (RFs) data, which acted as a valve regulating the overpressure of deep magmatic fluids.
Preparation and characterization of a homogeneous immunoassay for point-of-care testing (POCT) of procalcitonin (PCT)
Authors: Li Zhaoying , Zhai Weixiang , Wang Lu , Liu Jiyang , Li Chunjie , Xu Liang
Published: August 2023

Sensitive Measuring Interaction-triggered Luminescence Experiment (SMILE), a homogeneous immunoassay method, was established for point-of-care testing (POCT) of procalcitonin (PCT).
A covalent inhibitor of the YAP–TEAD transcriptional complex identified by high-throughput screening
Authors: Nutsch Kayla , Song Lirui , Chen Emily , Hull Mitchell , Chatterjee Arnab K. , Chen Jian Jeffery , Bollong Michael J.
Published: August 2023

A pyrazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor covalently targets the four TEAD paralogs, inhibiting YAP dependent cell growth and transcription.
A visible light-driven direct synthesis of industrially relevant glutaric acid diesters from aldehydes
Authors: Bhowmick Anindita , Chatterjee Abhijit , Pathak Sidharth S. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: August 2023

α-Substituted glutaric diesters are synthesized directly from acrylates and aldehydes under visible light.
Methanol–water mixture evaporation-induced self-assembly of ZIF-8 particles
Authors: Yin Jikun , Ye Haochen , Xia Xiaoli , Yi Lanhua , Wang Tie
Published: August 2023

The self-assembly of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) particles induced by the evaporation of a methanol–water mixture.
Reactivity of a Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene towards small molecules
Authors: Li Tongyu , Wang Dongwei , Heng Yi , Hou Guohua , Zi Guofu , Walter Marc D.
Published: August 2023

The manuscript describes the reaction chemistry of a tetravalent uranium imido complex with a wide variety of substrates.
Proton reservoirs in polymer photocatalysts for superior H2O2 photosynthesis
Authors: Sheng Bo , Xie Yangen , Zhao Qi , Sheng Hua , Zhao Jincai
Published: August 2023

In H2O2 photosynthesis using polymer photocatalysts, functional groups as proton reservoirs are introduced to balance the supply and demand of protons between oxygen reduction and water oxidation.
MXene-modified electrodes and electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Hussain Sajjad , Kabir Fahmid , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy , Goud Burragoni Sravanthi , Aslam Muhammad , Xu Fan
Published: August 2023

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much attention as promising tools in renewable energy conversion technology.
Formulation and evaluation of anion transporters in nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Alonso-Carrillo Daniel , Carreira-Barral Israel , Mielczarek Marcin , Sancho-Medina Andrea , Herran Enara , Vairo Claudia , Del Pozo Angel , Luzuriaga Iris , Lazcanoiturburu Nerea , Ibarrola Oihane , Ponce Sara , Villar-Vidal María , García-Valverde María , Quesada Roberto
Published: August 2023

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) can be used to efficiently formulate highly lipophilic anionophores. These formulations are able to deliver these compounds to phospholipid membranes maintaining their anion transport activity.
Effects of phosphine ligands in nickel-catalyzed decarbonylation reactions of lactone
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Jin Peng , Li Shiqiang , Wen Yiqiang , Wang Fuke , Wei Huijuan , Wei Donghui
Published: August 2023

It is the electronic effect of the phosphine ligands that plays a dominant role in the Ni-catalyzed decarbonylation reactions.
Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization: new mechanistic insights
Authors: Howell Mitchell T. , Kei Peter , Anokhin Maksim V. , Losovyj Yaroslav , Fronczek Frank R. , Nesterov Evgueni E.
Published: August 2023

Selective enhancement of the oxo-palladium transmetalation pathway in Ag+-mediated Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst transfer polymerization enables direct participation of N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates in the polymerization process.
Enhancing the NMR signals of plant oil components using hyperpolarisation relayed via proton exchange
Authors: Alshehri Adel , Tickner Ben. J. , Iali Wissam , Duckett Simon B.
Published: August 2023

The hyperpolarisation method SABRE-Relay can boost NMR signals of plant oil components by relayed proton exchange from a para-hydrogen enhanced carrier molecule. This allows low concentration analytes in natural oils to be detected more easily.
Stress and stretching regulate dispersion in viscoelastic porous media flows
Authors: Kumar Manish , Walkama Derek M. , Ardekani Arezoo M. , Guasto Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2023

Microfluidic experiments and numerical simulations are used to study dispersion in viscoelastic fluid flow through porous media, which we show can be understood through the Lagrangian stretching field that dynamically guides transport.
Dynamic-bond-induced sticky friction tailors non-Newtonian rheology
Authors: Kim Hojin , van der Naald Mike , Dolinski Neil D. , Rowan Stuart J. , Jaeger Heinrich M.
Published: August 2023

When employed in a dense suspension, dynamic covalent chemistry between particles and the suspending medium leads to tunable chemical friction. This chemical friction mimics physical friction but is stickier, leading to tunable rheopexy.
Curvature-mediated programming of liquid crystal microflows
Authors: Fedorowicz Kamil , Prosser Robert , Sengupta Anupam
Published: August 2023

We use experiments and numerical simulations to demonstrate that the curvature of microfluidic devices allows for flow programming in liquid crystals.
Dynamic range extension for heterodyne fibre‐optic hydrophone by using instantaneous frequency‐tracking method
Authors: Yang Sufan , Zhang Chunxi , Wang Xiaxiao
Published: August 2023

This letter proposes a novel dynamic range extension method using an instantaneous frequency (IF)‐tracking method for heterodyne fibre optic hydrophones (FOHs). IFs are used to compensate for large signal amplitudes in the demodulator. Theoretical analysis and simulation prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results achieve at least 19.76 dB dynamic range improvement, demonstrating great potential for extending FOHs for hydroacoustic detection and communication applications.
Probability modelling of storage based‐smart energy hub considering electric vehicles charging stations performance and demand side management
Authors: Javid Seyed Saeed Mosayebi , Derakhshan Ghasem , Hakimi Seyed Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, researchers are studying the energy discharging of electric vehicles (EVs) in charging stations. Furthermore, these stations can help maintain the balance of electric energy and reduce costs in the energy hub in the discharging mode. In this regard, this article proposes a probability and possibility approach by the Z‐number method to investigate the uncertainty of the EV owners’ behaviour at charging stations during the discharge of electric energy to the energy hub. Also, here, the uncertainty of electric energy demand, thermal energy, drinking water, and the price of electric energy, thermal energy, drinking water, and electric energy production from a solar power plant has been done by the scenario‐base method. The seawater desalination unit has been modelled to meet the drinking water needs. To check the final results of the proposed method, the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model has been selected for energy management in the energy hub in the CPLEX optimization solver. The final results show that modelling the behaviour of EV owners in the charging stations using the Z‐number method leads to reduced consumption of some energy carriers in comparison with the fuzzy method in the proposed energy hub.
Quantitative comparisons of very-high-energy gamma-ray blazar flares with relativistic reconnection models
Authors: Jormanainen J. , Hovatta T. , Christie I. M. , Lindfors E. , Petropoulou M. , Liodakis I.
Published: August 2023

The origin of extremely fast variability is one of the long-standing questions in the gamma-ray astronomy of blazars. While many models explain the slower, lower energy variability, they cannot easily account for such fast flares reaching hour-to-minute timescales. Magnetic reconnection, a process where magnetic energy is converted to the acceleration of relativistic particles in the reconnection layer, is a candidate solution to this problem. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art particle-in-cell simulations in a statistical comparison with observations of a flaring episode of a well-known blazar, Mrk 421, at a very high energy (VHE,E > 100 GeV). We tested the predictions of our model by generating simulated VHE light curves that we compared quantitatively with methods that we have developed for a precise evaluation of theoretical and observed data. With our analysis, we can constrain the parameter space of the model, such as the magnetic field strength of the unreconnected plasma, viewing angle and the reconnection layer orientation in the blazar jet. Our analysis favours parameter spaces with magnetic field strength 0.1 G, rather large viewing angles (6 − 8°), and misaligned layer angles, offering a strong candidate explanation for the Doppler crisis often observed in the jets of high synchrotron peaking blazars.
Intermittierende Auskultation – eine alte Technik neu
erlernen
Authors: Pfeifenberger Hemma
Published: August 2023

Einschlägige Richtlinien empfehlen die intermittierende Auskultation als
Überwachungsmethode erster Wahl bei Nicht-Risiko-Schwangeren.
Hierfür müssen bestimmte Rahmenfaktoren gegeben sein sowie die
Fachexpertise der betreuenden Hebamme. Diese lässt sich durch
entsprechende Fortbildung erlangen.
Rivaroxaban bei tumorassoziierter venöser Thromboembolie
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert , Voigtländer Minna , Langer Florian
Published: August 2023

Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt Erkenntnisse zur Prävention und Therapie der tumorassoziierten venösen Thromboembolie (VTE) mit direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren (FXaI) und bezieht sich insbesondere auf das Studienprogramm CALLISTO mit Rivaroxaban. CALLISTO umfasst randomisierte klinische Prüfungen unterschiedlicher Fragestellungen sowie Real-World-Evidenz.

Prävention und Therapie der tumorassoziierten VTE beruhten bisher auf niedermolekul1933aren Heparinen (NMH). Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien zeigten nun eine vergleichbare bis überlegene Wirksamkeit von FXaI vs. NMH. Die Erkenntnisse finden mittlerweile Eingang in Empfehlungen und Leitlinien. Zu beachten ist ein ggf. erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko, vor allem bei Patienten mit nicht resezierten gastrointestinalen oder urogenitalen Tumoren. Dieses wurde bei der Therapie mit FXaI zuerst beobachtet, kann jedoch auch NMH betreffen. Der Selektion geeigneter Patienten und der Optimierung von Behandlungspfaden kommt daher eine hohe Bedeutung zu.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations to Successfully Implement
Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience: a Narrative
Review
Authors: Monteith Scott , Glenn Tasha , Geddes John R. , Achtyes Eric D. , Whybrow Peter C. , Bauer Michael
Published: August 2023

This narrative review discusses how the safe and effective use of clinical
artificial intelligence (AI) prediction tools requires recognition of the
importance of human intelligence. Human intelligence, creativity, situational
awareness, and professional knowledge, are required for successful
implementation. The implementation of clinical AI prediction tools may change
the workflow in medical practice resulting in new challenges and safety
implications. Human understanding of how a clinical AI prediction tool performs
in routine and exceptional situations is fundamental to successful
implementation. Physicians must be involved in all aspects of the selection,
implementation, and ongoing product monitoring of clinical AI prediction
tools.