bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the digital development path of China's cultural industry empowered by artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Zhu Chunxiao , Luo Shijian , Cao Yu , Lu Honglei , Li Wenrui
Published: October 2023

The digital development of cultural industry, as a national strategic plan, has become a new driving force to stimulate domestic demand and promote economic growth, and has continuously spawned a variety of new business forms and modes. Artificial intelligence（AI）as a new technology paradigm with machine intelligence and creativity, has great potential to integrate with content-heavy and highly creative cultural industries, and is of great significance in empowering the transformation of cultural industries' production, upgrading of products, and improving the quality of consumption. This paper reveals the dynamic trend of the digital development of China's cultural industry by analysing cases of the integration of AI and the cultural industry. We further propose a path for AI-enabled cultural industry development from five dimensions: content, experience, technology, operation and industry, to achieve the goal of making China's outstanding traditional culture "live" and "go out", as well as conveying the rich connotation and contemporary value of Chinese traditional culture to the world.
Auto3DBuilder: An automatic 3D building modeling tool from 2D drawings
Authors: Narangerel Amartuvshin , Myagmarjav Minjin , Hee Lee Woong , Lee Dongwoo
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a novel 2D to 3D building modeling tool seamlessly integrated into our Smart City Lab platform. The tool, designed for simplicity and user-friendliness, enriches existing LoD1 buildings without requiring modeling expertise. Leveraging Grasshopper as a backend and utilizing RestAPI interfaces, it transforms 2D architectural drawings into detailed 3D models. We delve into the methodology, showcasing how users can effortlessly generate intricate building models. The potential applications extend to urban planning, simulations, and innovative technologies like AR, VR, and the metaverse. Acknowledging current limitations, we outline prospects for future advancements, including accommodating more sophisticated building designs and enhancing interoperability for extensive data integration. This tool marks a significant step towards extensive and interactive urban development and planning.
Antimicrobial treatments of undergarments designed for the combat-protective clothing of soldiers
Authors: Vladu Alina , Visileanu Emilia , Popescu Alina , Rodica Constantinescu Roxana
Published: October 2023

Military forces around the world must be equipped with combat-protective clothing made from the best technical textiles available that must provide sufficient protection, increased comfort, and even antimicrobial protection, especially for underwear pieces. Antibacterial treatments for textile materials include the use of various substances such as chitosan, silver, collagen and so on. Chitosan is a polysaccharide that promotes changes in the permeability properties of the membrane wall causing internal osmotic imbalances and consequently inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Silver can also damage the bacterial RNA and DNA, eventually leading to the bacteria`s death. Moreover, collagen, a fibrous natural protein, has an intrinsic ability to fight infection and contributes to keeping the infection site sterile.This paper focuses on the functionalization of four variants of textile materials with different compositions to increase their antibacterial properties. The variants were treated through two different technologies: exhaustion (30 min at 40°C, 500 rpm) and padding (3 consecutive passes). V1-V4 were functionalized with colloidal silver and V1-V3 with a mixture of collagen hydrolysate and colloidal silver through exhaustion. Variants V1-V3 were also treated through the padding technique using 0.5% chitosan, 1% collagen hydrolysate and a mixture of chitosan and colloidal silver. Untreated textile variants were evaluated regarding their physical-mechanical characteristics. Moreover, the functionalized variants were characterised according to their pH, loading degree with active substances (%), wettability by drop test and contact angle methods, thermal resistance (m2K/W) and vapour resistance (m2Pa/W) according to ISO 11092. Treated textile samples were also investigated relating to their antimicrobial resistance using two methods according to ISO 20743/2013 and SR EN ISO 20645/2005. The evaluation of antibacterial resistance using the standards SR EN ISO 20645/2005 and SR EN ISO 20645/2005 demonstrated the effectiveness of treatments with active substances for approx. 95% of the tested variants.
Verification of the Effects of Exercise on the Body and Mind Using a Boxing Glove-Type Sensory Augmentation Device
Authors: Kondo Yurie , Okada Shima , Manno Masanobu , Sakaue Yusuke , Makikawa Masaaki
Published: October 2023

The background of this study is the increased number of people lacking exercise owing to the rise in remote work since the outbreak of the new coronavirus infection. As exercise is strongly linked to mental health, a lack of physical activity leads to an increase in psychological stress among individuals. Currently, few devices are available that can accurately evaluate exercise movements and allow people to engage in casual workouts. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of boxing training on the body and mind by using a sensory augmentation device with a high amusement factor. The sensory augmentation device used in this study was designed for boxing, a high-intensity full-body exercise. Inertial sensors were placed on the wrist of the boxing glove to determine the type and power of the punching action. The device then produces sound, vibration, and light according to according to the force used to give the punching action a more spectacular appearance. We measured mental and physical states during amusement-oriented training using this boxing glove-type sensory enhancer and evaluated its effects. The results demonstrated that training with a sensory augmentation device led to heightened motor induction and increased positive emotions. This suggests that the production of sound, vibration, or light influences the reward circuits of the emotional system. Potential applications of this technology include exploring its effectiveness in various exercise movements to determine its impact on physical and mental well-being.
Construction and application of multi-dimensional feature model of Ming-style furniture based on grounded theory
Authors: WANG YALI , Gan Yan , Liu Xinxiong
Published: October 2023

The cultural connotation, modelling characteristics and production technology carried by Ming-style furniture are the precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and one of the crucial components of Chinese traditional culture. Under the background of the new era, this paper conducts an in-depth study on Ming-style furniture to inherit and carry forward the traditional Chinese furniture culture and then promote the development of the modern furniture design industry. It combines literature review, case analysis and grounded theory research methods. Firstly, collect many paintings, books and periodicals related to Ming-style furniture, and classify them. Secondly, use the three-level coding process of grounded theory to construct a multidimensional feature model of Ming-style furniture. Lastly, statistical analysis methods further refine the modelling elements of Ming-style furniture. The research results show that a complete multidimensional theoretical model of Ming-style furniture is constructed, composed of six modules: production process, decorative characteristics, material selection, modelling characteristics, category subdivision and size ratio. Otherwise, a MySQL database has been implemented to facilitate storing and managing the multidimensional feature data, encompassing a backend management system, a conceptual model design, and a frontend display system. Finally, the application effectiveness of the constructed multidimensional feature database is demonstrated through visualizations.
Exploring Human autonomy teaming methods in challenging environments: the case of uncrewed system (UxS) solutions – challenges and opportunities (with AI)
Authors: Stensrud Rune , Valaker Sigmund , Rune Nummedal Olav
Published: October 2023

Current uncrewed system (UxS) solutions tend to operate with tightly coupled Command and Control systems, making it difficult to contribute to operating as an integrated force. The case presented in this article is used to reason at the conceptual level about the different requirements and approaches for a future Norwegian UxS Integrated C2 system in order to inform the national development of an UxS Integrated C2 Reference Architecture. This is one in a series of papers that will develop a mission engineering approach and represents functional analysis needed for future acquisition of Norwegian UxS. Based on this work and the development of the situated Cognitive Engineering (sCE)-method eliciting knowledge, and knowledge acquisition information, we make key findings for outlining a strategic guide for an initial Norwegian UxS reference system and set-up (manning, organization and technical know-how).UxS solutions must be available to support ISR services for a variety of tasks and units on all military branches and levels. An UxS reference system must be adapted to the operational area and be available to operate within a harsh environment at the Northern Flank of NATO supporting those who need the information. Modern UxS solutions are based on human control and management, which entails human autonomy teaming which can be labour-intensive, with the potential for cognitive overload as well as bottlenecks in information processing. In the article, we presents a framework that support future acquisition of Norwegian UxS that suggests that autonomy must be distributed to reduce vulnerability and be scalable to handle emergency adapted the Northern Flank of NATO environment e.g. an autonomous system that interacts with its surroundings demonstrating a cooperative design approach with new opportunities (e.g. with and without AI support). We claim that a common future acquisition framework of Norwegian UxS applications (with AI) can reduce the burden on the operator based on results from our Functional Analysis (sCE-method) and empirical studies.
Understanding Challenges and Facilitating Knowledge Transfer for Service Innovation: Insights from a Survey of German Service Companies and a Use Case
Authors: Gorovoj Alexander , Mueller Juergen
Published: October 2023

Innovation is one of the key elements for entrepreneurial success. Small and medium-sized service companies in particular continually innovate their offerings to remain competitive. To do this, they must constantly keep abreast of trends, the latest technological developments, and scientific methodologies. Due to a shortage of resources, they are often dependent on external support from information service providers. However, this knowledge transfer is subject to hurdles that are specific to small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper examines the knowledge transfer challenges faced by such service organizations. To this end, it first presents the results of a company survey and derives recommendations for information provision. The paper concludes with a practical example of a company using the latest technologies to innovate its service offering and how such information is made available to other companies.
Usability of pre-flight planning interfaces for Supplemental Data Service Provider tools to support Uncrewed Aircraft System Traffic Management
Authors: Feldman Jolene , Costedoat Gregory , Martin Lynne , Gujral Vimmy
Published: October 2023

Small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUASs) operate in low-altitude, uncontrolled airspace – where support services for their operators (UASOs) are not currently provided. NASA’s System-Wide Safety (SWS) project is identifying the potential risks and hazards to sUAS operations to provide, inform, and improve the designs of In-time Aviation Safety Management Systems (IASMS). The IASMS will include a suite of data-driven tools that compile and analyze data collected from aviation systems and environmental sources to predict hazards, and provide information to allow operators to mitigate these risks (Young et al., 2020). These risk and hazard services can be run and displayed to operators on graphical user interfaces (GUIs), as they relate to a vehicle(s)’ route of flight. These interfaces offer both a means to present hazard service output and offer an opportunity to test user understanding of the information, user decision making, and the best ways to present such data to an operator. Based on these future technologies and intended missions, it is important to investigate interface requirements and evaluate how operators might use these tools. Presenting salient and meaningful risk assessment information to operators is necessary to increase situation awareness and ultimately safety. Building on previous research (Feldman et al., 2022), a usability study comparing two GUIs was conducted to explore how individuals interacted with different styles of information displays. A series of pre-flight hazard and risk-assessment tasks were developed to evaluate participant performance using the Supplemental Data Service Provider Consolidated Dashboard and the Human Automation Team Interface System interfaces. Participants were trained to use both GUIs and their performance was analysed across different scenarios involving multiple sUASs. Performance on simple tasks and the System Usability Scale scores were reported by Feldman et al., 2023. Additional analyses and evaluations on more complex tasks (e.g., risk assessment, prioritization), workload and response times are examined in this paper.
Charting the Course: Human Factors Research for Shipping Energy-Efficient Operations
Authors: Zoubir Mourad , Gruner Marthe , Schwarz Benjamin , Heidinger Jan , Jetter Hans-christian , Franke Thomas
Published: October 2023

To achieve climate objectives, it is essential to close "energy efficiency gaps"—the discrepancies between potential and actual energy savings. While much research in the maritime sector has focused on policy and onshore influences, it is unclear to what extent research is overlooking the potential of onboard human factors to mitigate climate impact. This study addresses this gap through a systematic literature review of the results sections of 17 journal articles on maritime human factors. Using Thematic Analysis, we generate 12 themes, with the most prominent being stakeholders, knowledge, and technical implementation. These themes provide insights into onshore influences, seafarers' expertise, as well as examples of the usage and limitations of implemented systems. Conversely, underrepresented themes such as learning, system properties, and safety referring to how seafarers acquire knowledge, specific design guidelines for onboard technology, or how to overcome the goal conflict of energy efficiency and safety. Our findings underline that key areas in this field have been studied disparately, and that a complete picture is necessary to close the energy efficiency gap here and in other sectors.
The role of VTS operators in new maritime safety situations: when conventional and autonomous ships meet
Authors: Baldauf Michael , Kitada Momoko , Loloma Froholdt Lisa
Published: October 2023

Ensuring safe maritime traffic in coastal areas is important work. For this purpose, Coastal States establish Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) along coasts worldwide. Their primary role is to monitor and to organize safe and efficient vessel traffic flow and protect the marine environment. For example, VTS monitors ship-to-ship communication while providing useful information and instructions to ships. In recent years, the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) has been discussed in the maritime industry and several trials were made as part of research and development (R&D). Although potential benefits of MASS are acknowledged, there are a number of challenges anticipated, including the role of VTSs. The composition of maritime traffic was always a mixture of ships equipped according to the requirements with either conventional, modern or high sophisticated, partly- or fully automated systems. The future of maritime traffic will continue monitoring and managing mixed traffic scenarios at least for a longer period, if not forever. VTS must integrate and absorb the handling of new and complex traffic situations. There will be unstaffed fully autonomously ships or remote controlled by a shore control centre (SCC). This requires the development of appropriate operational procedures to ensure the safe and efficient traffic flow.This paper will present results from experimental trials using full-mission VTS simulation of future scenarios with mixed maritime traffic from the perspective of experienced VTS operators. While current research very much focusses on technical aspects of automation and digitalization and the feasibility and reliability of MASS, the focus of this research is based on aspects of operational integration and the handling of mixed traffic situations in the coastal areas. The systematic development and implementation of mixed traffic scenarios in simulated real world environment will be presented. Ongoing pilot studies using series of experimental simulation trials, entry questionnaires and follow-up focus group discussions after simulation runs will be introduced. Outcomes and first results in terms of the identification of administrative and organizational needs as well as related future requirements for training and for technical support systems will be presented and discussed. An outlook will provide a strategy for the further research work to be done.
Sustainable operation system for space debris management
Authors: Heilala Janne
Published: October 2023

Space debris poses an escalating threat to sustainable space operations due to the accumulation of junk from decades of exploration and engineering. The orbital debris management system is explored, utilizing autonomous lasers, robotics, and AI techniques for integrated debris mitigation. Emphasis is placed on the critical need for international standards for sustainable space stewardship. Repurposing commonly observed debris as an in-situ renewable energy source is suggested by collecting and reusing existing junk. A case study is explored, evaluating the potential to reduce Earth resource launches. While promising technologies are emerging, international cooperation remains imperative to ensure the longevity of the space environment through coordinated and responsible debris prevention and mitigation practices. This paper examines the proposed integrated space debris management design for renewable energy generation. It highlights the importance of dual technology and policy efforts for sustainable space operations.
Assessment of fitness to drive in elderly and cognitively impaired drivers: Adaptation of the Driving Observation Schedule to simulated environments
Authors: Díaz Piedra Carolina , De Cet Giulia , Kuqi Alban , Jesus Caurcel M , Fernandez- Mendez Rocio , Rossi Riccardo , Luigi Di Stasi Leandro
Published: October 2023

We created a standardized assessment of fitness-to-drive in driving simulation environments through the adaptation of the Driving Observation Schedule (DOS; Vlahodimitrakou et al., 2013), which is a widely used instrument to assess “natural driving”. The Sim-DOS is an observational instrument that intends to overcome some of the practical limitations of the on-road assessment with dual control cars, in terms of safety, costs, and unpleasantness. Via expert consensus, the following was undertaken: (1) DOS behaviors were adapted to a simulated-based environment (signaling, observation of the environment, speed regulation, slow or unsafe reaction, distance interpretation, vehicle/lane positioning); (2) the Sim-DOS scores calculation, which is based on errors, was adapted from DOS to include hazard situations (HS) and free driving scores. The instrument was then piloted with a sample of 34 elderly drivers (70.9 ± 4.1 years old, 60% male, 46.1 ± 6.7 years of driving experience, 74% of them were regular drivers), along with the collection of simulator-produced data on number of harsh events and driving speed. Psychomotor skills of the majority were compromised, with only one participant being above the 80th percentile in the Reaction Times Test score of the Spanish mandatory driving assessment. Participants undertook two consecutive 20-minute long driving scenarios, with low and high traffic density (LTD, HTD). In each scenario, there were periods with and without potentially HS. Assessments were performed by two independent trained observers (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.94). When exposed to HS, most participants (94.1%) did not perform well (more than nine minor errors), independent of traffic density, with average Sim-DOS HS scores of 12.70 ± 9.3. Compared to LTD scenarios, in HTD scenarios participants drove less smoothly, although slower (p-values<.05). The latter improved their ability to manage hazard situations, thus producing better than expected Sim-DOS scores. During free driving, participants drove more smoothly but performed worse under LTD conditions, driving at higher speed (p-values<.05). Our study provides a validated driving assessment tool for use in driving simulators that will allow for a safer, more ecologic, holistic and informative evaluation of the fitness-to-drive of older adults and patients with neurologic conditions.
Quantitative evaluation method examination for mock classes in a faculty development program
Authors: Hachisuka Satori , Kurita Kayoko , Warisawa Shinichi
Published: October 2023

This research focuses on the mock classes in the faculty development program to nurture university teachers. This research aims to establish a quantitative evaluation method for mock classes and examine the possibility. In this paper, we analyzed the data from mock classes conducted by 23 participants of the faculty development program who mainly aim to become teachers. First, based on the subjective evaluation results by the Likert scale currently used in the mock classes, multiple regression analysis was performed using the comprehensive evaluation of the mock classes as the objective variable and the 11 evaluation items as the explanatory variables. As a result, four items were extracted as variables included in the regression equation: clarity of objectives and goals, class flow, time allocation, and clarity of lecturer’s explanation. The coefficient of determination of this multiple regression equation was 0.93, and the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.97. Next, in this paper, we attempted to quantify gestures which we considered the component of the “clarity of explanation” related to the delivery method among the multiple regression equation variables. We adopted OpenPose for motion analysis using image processing for the recorded video of the mock classes. As a result, of the 23 mock class participants, when comparing the higher and lower groups than the average value of overall subjective evaluation, the higher evaluated group showed a tendency of large value in the total amount of movement of both hands, the range of both hands’ motion, and face direction.
Does the Embodiment Influence the Success of Visuo-haptic Learning?
Authors: Buonocore Sara , Massa Francesca , Di Gironimo Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the influence of embodiment on the success of Visuo-haptic Learning, as it has not been yet investigated by current literature. With this aim, we conducted an experimental campaign to compare the users’ Sense of Embodiment (SoE) and learning success values obtained by experiencing the same simulated duty cycle within two different Visuo-haptic Learning environments. Interesting results have been found: the embodiment influenced the users’ completion time and mental workload, but it did not have particular incidence on the obtained learning level (intended as knowledge of the procedure). With this work, we aim to highlight the necessity of conducting wider and deeper studies about the influence of human factors and subjective perceptions on the success of Visuo-haptic Learning.
Analysis of Stair-Ascent Activities with Handrail Use in Daily Living Space and Motion Features using RGBD Camera
Authors: Miyazaki Yusuke , Shoda Kohei , Kitamura Koji , Nishida Yoshifumi
Published: October 2023

The geriatric population has increased worldwide over the past few decades. Older adults rarely make a sudden transition from a healthy state to a state requiring nursing care; more often they transition through an intermediate stage called frailty. To assess frailty quantitatively using ambient sensing technology, our group developed a system to automatically and continuously measure and analyze human ascent and descent motions and handrail-use behaviors in homes, using an RGBD camera. This study developed a whole-body motion feature analysis method using principal component analysis (PCA), and analyzed the features of whole-body motions related to handrail use when ascending stairs. Daily stair-ascent motion was measured in two houses, with two participants in their 20s and two in their 50s in the first house, and two in their 70s in the second house. A method for extracting the characteristic motion of ascending stairs while using a handrail was developed using principal component analysis of whole-body skeleton data. The results showed that the third principal component was the characteristic motion of holding the handrail. The developed method makes it possible to evaluate dependence on handrails and clarify the characteristics of movements associated with changes in physical function, through continuous measurement and motion feature extraction techniques for daily stair ascent.
Life History Support System “LHS” - Recording Memories and Sharing Stories for Family Social Network
Authors: Kondo Taisei , Otani Mikihito , Sinzi Takako , Aibara Megumi , Kurakawa Kiyoshi , Sekiguchi Kazumi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Takazawa Aiko , Furuichi Masakazu
Published: October 2023

The world is aging rapidly, and the population of over 65 years old in Japan is 29.1% (Sep. 15, 2022, Japan Statistic Bureau of Japan), which is the highest in Japanese history. Human memory and knowledge are rapidly being digitized on an incalculable scale. While its value as a booster for monetization is now known worldwide, such private and personal heritage, especially its whereabouts remains unknown. In particular, the memory and knowledge of elders are not recorded appropriately for the next generations, we claim that the current system has shown an enormous loss of value in society, especially for the family members. Therefore, the desire to interview and document the life experiences of different generations of family members is very important. However, interviewing and documenting are difficult to achieve for various reasons, in such cases as when family members live apart from each other. Therefore, our research group has started to develop Life History Support System called “LHS”. The new system aims to solve the problem and preserve elderlies' wisdom and knowledge cultivated in turbulent times, such as during WW II and the post-war years of recovery. The LHS is designed for the Family Social Network, allowing digital information to be accessed only by the same members. LHS is an application that runs on smartphones, tablets and PC which is connected to the Internet and works as a social network system (SNS), but the main difference between conventional SNS is (1) LHS can be accessed only by the family members or designated members, (2) it mainly works as a card type database to share topic cards among members. We have developed a prototype system using Apple’s Claris FileMaker database system which runs on-premises private server. Then, to test the prototype's applicability, we have performed a preliminary interview experiment in an actual user environment (family members living together or living apart, and the elderly person living alone). The result shows that we could identified the experience of “fun” by both, an interviewer and interviewee, during the process of recall of memories with the LHS setup. Rather, we confirm the needs in longitudinal study to capture the continuous use of the LHS. Since the LHS inherently gains its value by long-term regular use, interviewing, recording and viewing by many family members, it is necessary to add new functions based on some theories. We are planning to include gamification functions to LHS. This paper describes the LHS system overview and the current development status.
Bridging the Gap: Investigating the Role of Physiological Indicators in Capturing Cognitive State Changes among Naval Personnel
Authors: Bayro Allison , Brown Noelle , Mcgarry Shannon , Coyne Joseph , Strong Kaylin , Aiken Mikaela , Nesmith Rebecca , Sibley Ciara , Foroughi Cyrus
Published: October 2023

This study supplements findings from traditional cognitive assessments using physiological markers—Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)—in conjunction with self-report psychological measures to better understand changes in cognitive state. Forty-nine sailors and marines completed pre-experiment surveys, including the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ), and a Cognitive State Survey. These assessed various psychological parameters, including arousal, distress, engagement, and sleep quality. Resting GSR and HRV data were collected using Gazepoint Biometric sensors before and after participants completed a set of cognitive tasks. BIOPAC and Kubios software analyses revealed significant changes in several psychophysiological parameters from baseline to post-task, including average skin conductance level (SCL), minimum SCL, and maximum heart rate. Notably, a strong correlation emerged between the low-frequency power feature of HRV and the task-oriented thought score from the SSSQ and between the maximum heart rate and the distress score from the SSSQ. Despite data quality challenges that reduced the sample size, the study uncovers valuable insights into the use of physiological markers in detecting cognitive state changes. These findings highlight the potential of such an approach and underscore the need for further research.
Digital Twin Framework for the Resilient Remote Monitoring and Operation of Nuclear Microreactors
Authors: Stevens Kaeley , Oncken Joseph , Culler Megan , Bukowski Stephen , Ulrich Thomas , Gutowska Izabela , Boring Ronald
Published: October 2023

The nuclear industry is developing new advanced reactor technologies, and many companies are conceptualizing designs for microreactors, a class of nuclear reactor with a sub-20 MWth power output designed to be factory fabricated, easily transportable, and simple to control. Microreactors offer promising solutions to several use cases for which large-scale plants would not be suitable, and conventional power generation means, notably diesel electric generators, are expensive and logistically difficult. Many of the potential use cases are in isolated locations such as arctic communities, remote mines, and military installations. Therefore, the cost of microreactor deployment and traditional onsite operations pose a challenge that requires new technical solutions to address. One solution that has the potential to greatly improve economics is to operate and monitor microreactors remotely from a centralized location. Remote monitoring and operation are novel concepts to the nuclear industry and will greatly alter the tasks and responsibilities associated with current commercial nuclear power plant operators. As such, it is important to perform research on potential technological solutions and the impacts those solutions have on operations with end-goal of defining a safe and effective remote concept of operations. This paper proposes a framework for resilient remote operation of microreactors enabled by a novel digital twin implementation.
Augmented Learning for Environmental Robotics Technologies (ALERT)
Authors: Bogosian Biayna , Vassigh Shahin , Peterson Eric
Published: October 2023

The increasing environmental concerns call for more sophisticated and integrated educational methods. For sustainable outcomes, understanding and navigating complex environmental factors is essential. By imparting knowledge about environmental data and its applications, students can be better prepared to address environmental issues.The "Augmented Learning for Environmental Robotics Technologies (ALERT)" program introduces an educational method using augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI). It provides students, particularly those in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC), with an immersive learning experience focused on environmental data and robotics. Considering the significant environmental footprint of the AEC sector—emanating from energy-intensive buildings, roads, and infrastructures—the ALERT initiative strives to instill a comprehensive understanding of environmental data collection and visualization. This is done with the aim of promoting data-centric design and construction for a more eco-friendly built environment.In the ALERT program, AR is employed to fashion an augmented learning space where students can engage with both real-time and past environmental data. They learn to set up environmental sensors, collect data, and visualize it to unearth hidden trends and connections. Additionally, AI ensures a tailored learning journey for each student, offering optimal challenges and support. This innovative blend of AR and AI not only offers an enriching learning experience but also prepares AEC students to be at the forefront of transformative shifts, especially those influenced by advancements like robotic automation, fostering a profound understanding of environmental data.This paper outlines the preliminary stages of the ALERT project, detailing its foundational research. Topics include the educational theories guiding the creation of a groundbreaking Intelligent Learning System (ILS) and curriculum, as well as the projected impact of the program. ALERT emerges as a promising venture, potentially empowering students with the expertise to reduce the ecological footprint of infrastructure, paving the way for a greener future.
Effects of System Reliability on Workload and Performance in Image Recognition Tasks
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Ma Liang , Zhang Yun , Xu Cheng
Published: October 2023

Autonomy has found wide-ranging applications, yet its imperfect nature necessitates human oversight and intervention. Investigating autonomy's impact on the operator is pivotal for enhancing human-machine system performance and safety. This study analyzes the effects of autonomous system reliability on operator task performance and mental workload in the context of vehicle type recognition. Experimental findings reveal that autonomy with 90% reliability significantly reduces task completion time and lessens subjective workload. Autonomy with 70% reliability supports the participants, while 50% reliability hampers them, although insignificantly. The reliability threshold for autonomy to have no effect on the participants is around 55%. Autonomy reliability's influence on the operator lies in altering task completion strategies — an all-or-none approach that accelerates task processing speed without improving overall response accuracy. The experiment yielded insights applicable to the design of assistive autonomous systems and the allocation of human-machine functions in real-world tasks.
Enhancing Pedestrian Comprehension through a Bio-Motion eHMI Design for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Shi Ruisi , Chen Xing , Huang Ruolin , Zhang Jingyu
Published: October 2023

Autonomous vehicles are transforming the transportation industry. In conventional traffic environments, human drivers convey intentions to other pedestrians using gestures and facial expressions. Yet, these traditional interactions, vital for safety, are conspicuously absent in autonomous vehicles, leading to comprehension difficulties and heightened street-crossing risks. While current External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) aim to mitigate this communication void, they often demand prior familiarization and fall short of intuitiveness, complicating the universal interpretation of a vehicle's intent. To address this, we've developed a novel eHMI for autonomous vehicles, capitalizing on biological motion features. These features, represented by moving dots, capture the movement of key joints in fundamental animal behaviors, such as halting and yielding. Drawing from leopards' skeletal and motion patterns, our bio-motion eHMI integrates animal communication metaphors, like 'please let me pass' and 'I will yield,' to enhance clarity in vehicle-pedestrian interactions. We investigate whether integrating these animal-inspired biological motion patterns into autonomous vehicles can bolster pedestrian comprehension of vehicle intent and movement, ultimately fostering safer street-crossing behaviors. 32 Chinese participants engaged in the experiment online, observing video clips that demonstrated vehicular movements via our eHMI. Subsequently, they answered multiple-choice questions assessing their understanding of the vehicle's movement and intent. The results show that the Bio-Motion eHMI significantly outperforms both Text eHMI and Non-display in interpreting vehicle movement. Moreover, both Bio-Motion eHMI and Text eHMI excel over Non-display in discerning vehicle intent. Impressively, the bio-motion eHMI not only stands out in accuracy concerning vehicle intent and movement but also garners superior subjective preferences compared to other interfaces. In conclusion, our biologically-inspired motion-centric eHMI presents a natural conduit for vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, ensuring swift and precise comprehension of vehicle intentions. This pioneering approach has the potential to revolutionize external vehicle interfaces, marking a new chapter in inclusive design within the autonomous vehicle realm.
Exploring the effects of speech speed and environmental noise on human and machine performance in civil air traffic control communication tasks
Authors: She Manrong , Hu Yi , Li Zhizhong
Published: October 2023

Considering the relative strengths of humans and machines may not be static, this study investigates the effects of speech speed and environmental noise on human and machine performance in the context of civil air traffic control communication. 32 participants were recruited to perform route selection, parameter setting and radio adjustment according to the voice commands from the control tower. Their performance was evaluated with respect to varying levels of speech speed, environmental noise and time pressure. Additionally, human performance was compared to that of a machine (i.e. a voice recognition software). The experimental results showed that both speech speed and environmental noise had significant effects on human performance in terms of recognition accuracy and operation accuracy. Humans excel in situations with high noise and low speech speed, while machines outperform humans when dealing with high speech speed and low noise. The findings demonstrate that a static human-machine function allocation method may not always yield optimal results. Suggestions are provided on how to develop a dynamic allocation method.
Technicians' attitudes to report unsafe practices in aircraft maintenance
Authors: Tze Fung Lam Steven , Chan Alan
Published: October 2023

In the civil aviation sector, improper aircraft maintenance is a major contributing factor to significant aviation accidents and incidents. Numerous tasks still heavily depend on human hands-on intervention and are frequently prone to human error. A previous study found that several technicians are reluctant to report an unsafe practice that may violate the current safety guidelines imposed by aircraft maintenance organizations. This study systematically examines factors that influence the willingness of an aircraft maintenance technician (AMT) to report unsafe maintenance practices. Sixty-two AMTs actively practicing aircraft maintenance were interviewed to identify the main factors influencing their desire to report unsafe practices. The study revealed that many respondents chose not to report the violation despite their awareness of unsafe practices. The main factor is the workplace culture, in which the work culture and management style conspire to prevent employees from speaking up for fear of being reprimanded. Peer pressure inside the team is another factor cited in the report. Other common reasons include damage to relationships and retaliation. Many respondents did not personally experience retaliation in the workplace, but this fear of retribution dominates their working attitude. The findings of this study support the view in the literature that maintenance organizations should promote an employee-centric environment in which technicians can report unsafe practices. As part of promoting a safety-conscious work culture, workers should be encouraged to speak up regarding any unsafe maintenance practices, especially those that could lead to near misses or adverse incidents. Further research is necessary to determine cultural factors that affect the technician's safety report commitment.
Breaking the Silence: Unveiling the Power of Compassionate Leadership on Employee Silence
Authors: Krause Vinzenz , Rousset Célia , Steinmueller Ina
Published: October 2023

The following paper analyzes the effect of compassionate leadership behavior (CLB) on the phenomenon of employee silence in the organizational context. Applying a quantitative approach, the study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine data collected from a n=138 sample of employees across different industries. The findings indicate a significant negative relationship between compassionate leadership behavior and employee silence, suggesting that higher levels of compassionate leadership behavior are associated with decreased instances of employee silence, especially when it comes to quiescent and acquiescent silence. These results indicate that leaders displaying compassionate leadership behavior can reduce silence caused by fear and even have the ability to break silence due to resignation. Additionally, a statistically significant positive association is observed between compassionate leadership behavior and psychological safety, highlighting the role of compassionate leaders in fostering a supportive work environment where employees feel psychologically safe. These findings underscore the importance of compassionate leadership in cultivating a climate that promotes psychological safety within organizations. Lastly, a positive covariation was found between compassionate leader behavior and servant leadership. The analysis conducted using Amos highlighted the correlations between the variables of Servant Leadership and Leader-Member Exchange, as well as between CLB and Leader-Member Exchange, thereby enhancing the overall model. Since this study is the first one connecting both research streams of compassion and silence, this research contributes to the existing literature by providing novel insights into the potential of compassionate leadership to address employee silence and enhance psychological safety in the workplace. The findings have practical implications for leaders and practitioners aiming to create environments encouraging open communication and employee engagement.
Quantitative Assessment of Eddy Current Inspection Technician Skills
Authors: Kosaka Daigo , Hoshiba Masahiro , Nakamoto Hiroyuki
Published: October 2023

In eddy current testing, it is desirable to keep sensor perpendicular to test surface, but it is difficult to automatically determine the sensor posture at inspection points with complex geometry, and the non-destructive testing technician manually operates the sensor. In such cases, it is necessary to ensure skill of the technicians as they are part of the non-destructive testing system. We are conducting research to establish a skills training method to efficiently develop non-destructive testing technicians. The behavior of licensed and unlicensed subjects was measured while inspecting defects around bolt holes. There was a clear statistical difference between the sequences of licensed and unlicensed subjects.ts will be established, and a prototype real-time skill teaching system will be built to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Investigation of a home office environment and lifestyles of workers that affect their perceived comfort in work-from-home
Authors: Doi Toshihisa
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to clarify the living environment at home that is comfortable and less burdensome for workers, targeting work-from-home, which has increased rapidly since the Corona disaster. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted on workers' satisfaction, stress reaction, and work engagement, as well as their work status, living space, and living conditions. By analysing the relationships among these factors, the study aims to comprehensively investigate the living environment of workers from home, including not only their physical condition and facilities but also their daily rhythm and relationship with their roommates, and to examine measures for creating a more favourable living environment for workers from home. The work environment during work from home was examined from various perspectives based on the framework of the SHEL model: software (work content, lifestyle, etc.), hardware (furniture, equipment, etc.), environment (indoor environment), and liveware (relationships with family members who live together). Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the effects of each explanatory variable related to the living environment on the objective variables (satisfaction, work engagement, and stress reaction) related to comfort while working at home. The results suggest that job autonomy and interruptions due to household chores significantly impact the comfort level of work-from-home.
Toward a New Definition of Augmented Reality
Authors: Nijholt Anton
Published: October 2023

In 1997 Ronald T. Azuma introduced a definition for augmented reality. The definition can be considered slightly outdated because of developments in augmented reality and ubiquitous computing. Extended reality environments do not only allow interactive virtual objects superimposed on reality and aligned with reality, but also static, dynamic, and autonomous virtual content that is not under the control of the user of the environment. One aim of AR research is to superimpose (multisensorial) virtual objects on reality that cannot necessarily be distinguished from real objects that are perceived and experienced by the inhabitants of the environment. In this paper, we take it a step further. Especially if we are no longer able to distinguish between virtual and real objects, shouldn't we look for a definition of AR that is more based on experiencing (not necessarily technology-enhanced) reality than on technology? We do this by focusing on multisensorial experiences that augment our world, rather than on the technology, present or not, that enables these experiences and distinguishes our experiences from those of others. That such a viewpoint has not taken shape before is mainly due to the vision-biased view of what AR research should entail.