bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El papel del videojuego en la socialización preventiva contra la violencia de género. El caso de poder violeta 2 y el acoso sexual en el transporte público de Bogotá
Authors: Tobar-Fernández María Inmaculada
Published: March 2023

This work studies the role of video games in preventive socialization against gender violence and contributes to the study and knowledge of its communicative projection in the field of mobilization, social awareness and the empowerment of women. For this purpose, an analysis of the game experience, the narration and the playful/narrative world of the video game Poder Violeta 2 is carried out through a methodological model based on a triangulation of three methods: autoethnography, narrative analysis and in-depth interview. The study allows us to affirm that, in addition to providing entertainment, Poder Violeta 2 has the ability to transmit values and roles, which make it an ideal tool for learning, socialization and citizen empowerment. The simple and easy-to-understand mechanics it presents, along with the simplicity of its design make it a very accurate simulation of the social reality it represents.

Este trabajo estudia el papel del videojuego en la socialización preventiva contra la violencia de género y contribuye al conocimiento de su proyección comunicativa en el ámbito de la movilización, la concienciación social y el empoderamiento de la mujer. Para ello se realiza un análisis de la experiencia de juego, de la narración y del mundo lúdico/narrativo del videojuego Poder Violeta 2 a través de un modelo metodológico basado en una triangulación de tres métodos: la autoetnografía, el análisis narrativo y la entrevista en profundidad. El estudio realizado nos permite afirmar que, además de proporcionar entretenimiento, Poder Violeta 2 tienen la capacidad de trasmitir valores y roles, lo que lo convierten en una herramienta idónea de aprendizaje, de socialización y de empoderamiento ciudadano. Las mecánicas simples y fáciles de comprender que presenta, junto con la simplicidad de su diseño lo convierten en una simulación muy precisa de la realidad social que representa.
Mitología contemporánea de la violación. Una revisión sobre la presencia de estereotipos de género en los tribunales españoles
Authors: De Lamo Velado Irene
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to review the scientific literature about rape myths and their impact in the Spanish judicial system. From a socio-legal perspective, this paper reviews theoretical and empirical research on rape myth. There are few empirical researches that explore the issue in the Spanish context, but these publications show that stereotypes about sexual violence influence the courts in the assessment of the evidence. However, the bibliography reviewed mainly explores myths about the victims and there is little research concerning stereotypes about rapists.

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los principales mitos de la violación y cómo afectan en el sistema judicial español. Desde una perspectiva socio legal se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones teóricas y empíricas sobre los mitos de la violación. Las investigaciones actuales en España sobre mitos de la violación y sistema judicial son un corpus pequeño de estudios que abordan de forman exploratoria la cuestión, pero ponen de manifiesto que los estereotipos sobre la violencia sexual influyen en los tribunales a la hora de valorar la prueba y dictar sentencia, aunque la bibliografía analizada explora principalmente mitos sobre las víctimas y apenas se incide en los estereotipos sobre los violadores
Digital Marketing Strategies and Marketing Performance of Private Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Chinasa Atuo Eucharia
Published: March 2023

The study examined the relationship between digital marketing strategies and marketing performance of private secondary schools in Port Harcourt. The population of the study comprises of two hundred and fourteen (214) registered private secondary schools in Port Harcourt (Rivers State Yellow Page Directory, 2014/2015). Considering the need for precision and elimination of unnecessary biases on the sample size determination, the taro yamen formula was used to determine elements of the population, which is one hundred and thirty-nine (139) private schools in Port Harcourt. The study adopted the simple random sampling techniques, while the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) assisted by the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 was used in testing the hypotheses. Two copies of the questionnaire were administered to each of the one hundred and thirty-nine (139), private secondary schools in Port Harcourt, totalling two hundred and seventy-eight (278) copies of questionnaire. Of the two hundred and seventy-eight (278) copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, two hundred and fifty-nine (259) copies representing 93.2% were retrieved and nineteen (19) which represents 6.8% were not retrieved. The study revealed that there is strong and positive relationship between digital marketing strategies and marketing performance of private secondary schools in Port Harcourt. The study further concludes that the dimensions of digital marketing strategies impacts marketing performance indicators. The study however recommends that private secondary schools in Port Harcourt should be more accustomed to the latest technology in the educational sector to be at par with international standards and to compete favourably on the international scene.
An Investigation in to the Properties of Functions Defining Distinguished Varieties
Authors: Wijesooriya U. D. , Dharmasiri Y. G. D. M. , Wijerathne R. D. P. M.
Published: March 2023

An inner toral polynomial is a polynomial in \(\mathbb{C}\) [z,w] such that its zero set is contained in \(\mathbb{D}\)2 \(\cup\) \(\mathbb{T}\)2 \(\cup\) \(\mathbb{E}\)2 where \(\mathbb{D}\) is the open unit disc, \(\mathbb{T}\) is the unit circle and \(\mathbb{E}\) is the exterior of the closed unit disc in \(\mathbb{C}\). Given such a polynomial p, it's zero set that lies inside \(\mathbb{D}\)2 , i.e V = Z (p) \(\cap\) \(\mathbb{D}\)2 is called a distinguished variety, and p is called a polynomial defining the distinguished variety V . An inner toral polynomial always gives a distinguished variety and vice versa. Finite Blaschke products generate inner toral polynomials such a way that, given a finite Blaschke product B(z) the numerator of wm - B(z) is an inner toral polynomial. In this paper, we investigate the conditions that make the sum and the composition of inner toral polynomials generated by finite Blaschke products, inner toral.
Computer Aided Design and Drafting in Landscape Architecture
Authors: Lallawmzuali Rosalind , Pal Arun Kumar
Published: March 2023

Computer Aided Design (CAD) software in landscape architecture have revolutionized landscaping and provide options for computer-generated documentation output which has greatly improved design and drafting. The use of computer aided design software in landscape industry is gradually replacing manual drafting and hand drawings. The software that are commonly used includes AutoCAD, Revit, Sketchup, Pro Landscape, SmartDraw, Realtime Landscaping Pro among many others. AutoCAD and SmartDraw can be used for 2D drafting and designing with huge library of objects available to enhance the drawing. Revit, SketchUp, Pro Landscape and Landscaping Pro offers great platform for 3D modelling to present visualization of the designs. Through these software, designers can work at a faster rate and produces a better quality design thereby increasing productivity. The computer aided modelling in landscape architecture also brought infinite possibilities and creativity that a landscape architect can explore. This paper aims to review the most commonly used CAD software available, their functionality and application in landscape architecture.
Effect of Long Term Manuring on Soil Carbon Stock and Some Biological Properties under Rice – Rice Cropping System in an Inceptisol of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Authors: Das Sipra , Nayak Rabindra Kumar , Sahoo Gyanaranjan
Published: March 2023

This research was carried out to determine the effect of different manurial treatments on the quantity of carbon added to soil through stubble in rice-rice cropping system, organic carbon stock and its relation to biological properties in an Inceptisol of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. This has been contemplated in existing Long Term Fertilizer Experiment which is in progress since 1994 located in Central Research Station, OUAT with Rice-Rice cropping sequence. The experiment dealt with six treatments during the eighth crop cycle viz, 100% NPK, 100% NPK + FYM, 100% N, 100% NP, 100% NPK +Lime, control (no manuring) with 4 replications in a randomized block design. Both in the kharif and the rabi seasons, rice stubble with undisturbed roots was meticulously collected, processed, and tested for total carbon after rice harvest. The usual approach was followed when collecting and analyzing soil samples. Between 1223.5 and 2571.5 kg/ha of carbon and 2998.9 to 6330.85 kg/ha of total stubble were absorbed into the soil. After kharif and rabi, the surface carbon stock of the soil ranged from 7.41 to 12.50 Mg/ha and 7.14 to 11.76 Mg/ha, respectively. After kharif, the SOC of surface soil ranged between 3.48 and 6.51 g/kg and 3.35 and 6.13 g/kg. In 100% NPK+ FYM, the highest amounts of stubble, stubble carbon, and MBC were found. No manuring enhanced the BD (1.42 Mg/m3) but the addition of FYM and stubble decreased the BD (1.28 Mg/m3). MBC varied from 45.89 to 132.41 g of carbon per g of soil. The importance of subble addition in enhancing SOC was demonstrated by the significantly positive association between SOC and quantity of stubble addition (r = 0.85), carbon addition by stubble (r = 0.94), and carbon stock (r =0.91**). Similar to this, the MBC-SOC connection (r = 0.83**), which supported the contribution of SOC to collective formation. The strong positive link between SOC and MBC suggests that adding carbon helps to improve soil health, and rice straw is an excellent source of carbon. It needs to be suppressed in the soil.
Antimicrobial Activity of Warburgia ugandensis on Selected Standard Organisms that Cause Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Okoli Silver Joseph , Asiimwe Shallon , Mukama Adolf Oyesigye , Atwiine Elizabeth , Busobozi Adolf , Kalyetsi Rogers
Published: March 2023

Background: The antimicrobial effect of Warburgia ugandensis has been recognized for many years in developing countries especially in East Africa. However, limited investigations have focused on its effect on microorganisms causing urinary tract infection.

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial activity of Warburgia ugandensis on selected standard microorganisms that cause urinary tract infections i.e. Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923).

Methods: Warburgia ugandensis stem bark was obtained from Tooro Botanical centre and were shade dried. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared and evaluated for phytochemical components using semi qualitative phytochemical screening techniques. The antimicrobial activity on three bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and one fungus Candida albicans was tested by agar well diffusion and broth dilution which to obtain the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts respectively.

Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The  bacteria were susceptible to the aqueous extract which caused significant inhibition of microbial growth with the highest activity observed on Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.49mg/ml), while less susceptibility to the ethanolic extract was observed with Staphylococcus aureus having an MIC of 1.95mg/ml and so was MBC/MFC, in which Staphylococcus aureus had an MBC of 7.81mg/ml. Candida albicans showed the same pattern with more susceptibility to the aqueous extract (MFC 15.63mg/ml) as compared to the ethanolic extract (MFC 62.5mg/ml)

Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Warburgia ugandensis exhibit antimicrobial effect against the selected urinary tract infection causing organisms. The aqueous extract showed antimicrobial activity in both agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods. This study further shows the potential of Warburgia ugandensis being a novel source of modern drugs with further studies and these results provide some new perspectives on the traditional uses of Warburgia ugandensis in treating urinary tract infections.
Prevalence and Determinants of Microalbuminuria in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Authors: Odeyemi Ayoola , Ajibare Adeola O. , Ojo Olalekan E. , Ojo Oluwafemi T. , Paul-Odo Boma , Okunola Oluyomi O. , Arogundade Fatiu A. , Sanusi Abubakr A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common cause of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and microalbuminuria is a predictor of CKD.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA) in SCD patients as well as the clinical correlates of MA in these individuals.

Study Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State and Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, between May 2016 to April 2017

Methodology: This cross-sectional study involved a total of 100 individuals with SCD. Blood and urine samples were obtained for haematology, chemistry and urine albumin/ creatinine ratio (UACR).

Results: All the 100 studied subjects completed the study. The SCD group comprises both HbSS (86%) and HbSC (14%) subjects. The percentage of individuals with MA in the SCD subjects was 61%. The mean age of individuals with MA was 30.5(11.3) years compared to mean age of 25.3(6.8) years in those without MA (p= 0.012). In SCD subjects with microalbuminuria, eGFR was found to be significantly lower (p=0.044). The reticulocyte index, serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum albumin are the clinical correlates associated with MA in individuals with SCD.

Conclusions: MA is prevalent among subjects with SCD and should be a routine method of detecting early onset of sickle cell nephropathy.
Psycholinguistic Studies of Literacy
Authors: Rapp David N. , McCrudden Matthew T.
Published: March 2023

Our understandings of literacy experiences, with respect to both successes and challenges, have been usefully informed by psycholinguistic research. The current entry presents the utility of such approaches by highlighting work specifically examining the processes and products underlying reading experiences. We briefly review the ways in which goals and tasks guide reader attention to and memory for text, the types of inferences that readers construct to support their understandings, and the evaluative propensities readers adopt or may neglect to enact. Findings from this work provide important theoretical insights relevant to a host of models and accounts but importantly inform applications intended to support people's literacy practices.
Vocabulary as a Pedagogical Target
Authors: Boers Frank
Published: March 2023

This entry describes vocabulary as a pedagogical target in second language teaching and discusses ways of helping learners to expand and deepen their vocabulary knowledge. The term vocabulary refers not only to words but also to lexical units consisting of more than a single word. Vocabulary learning is challenging because (a) there are a lot of lexical items to be learned and (b) there is a lot to be learned about each of them. Fortunately, course and curriculum designers have become better able to prioritize lexical items with high relevance for their students, thanks to lexical analyses of large collections of general and discipline‐specific texts. The question still needs to be asked what can be done to help students master the vocabulary they need, given the limited time available for courses to invest in vocabulary‐focused teaching. One approach is to enhance the likelihood of vocabulary acquisition happening as a side benefit of other activities, such as reading and listening activities. A second approach is to train students in strategies, such as guessing from context and consulting dictionaries, that may help them to expand their vocabulary knowledge outside the language course. A third approach is to make optimal use of the precious time that
can
be devoted to deliberate vocabulary teaching and practice. The entry also reviews factors that make some lexical items easier to learn than others, and it touches upon ways of assessing (aspects of) vocabulary knowledge.
Role of Trichocytic Keratins in Anti‐Neuroinflammatory Effects After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhong Wenjie , Shi Dongjie , Zhou Junjie , Yang Yaying , Wang Bochu , Sun Xiaochuan , Shu Qian , Li Wenfeng , Xia Yongzhi , Ao Lei , Xiong KangLin , Hao Shilei , Xia Haijian
Published: March 2023

Shifting microglia/macrophages to M2 anti‐inflammatory phenotype is considered a pivotal therapeutic target for spinal cord injury (SCI). Keratin extracted from human hair exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the differences among the 17 types of human hair keratins and their mechanisms of anti‐inflammation remain poorly understood. In this study, the anti‐inflammatory activity of 17 human hair keratins using a recombinant synthesis approach is explored. Distinct activities of microglia/macrophage phenotype modulation of 17 keratins are found through qRT‐PCR analysis, and recombinant keratin 33A (RK33A) and RK35 display superior anti‐inflammatory efficiency compared to other keratins. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry reveals a significant effect of RK33A on the regulation of microglia/macrophages into an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. Subsequently, recombinant keratin 33A nanofiber (RKNF33A) is fabricated to evaluate its in vivo anti‐inflammatory and nerve regeneration properties using the rat T9 spinal cord lateral hemisection model. The optimized keratin‐based nanofiber shows outstanding performance in enhancing M2 polarization, reducing glial scarring, promoting nerve regeneration, and improving locomotor function recovery in SCI rats. Moreover, it is preliminarily found that RK33A regulates M2 microglia/macrophage polarization by upregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Together, this study reveals that trichocytic keratins exhibit distinct anti‐inflammatory properties, providing a prospective treatment for SCI by modulating microglia/macrophage polarization.
Coupling BCP Ceramics with Micro‐Vibration Stimulation Field for Cascade Amplification from Immune Activation to Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wu Jinjie , Wang Menglu , Wu Yuehao , Liu Jiajun , Zhi Wei , Chen Xuening , Zhu Xiangdong , Zhang Xingdong
Published: March 2023

The osteoimmunology has revealed that immune system plays an important role in maintaining bone metabolism and remodeling. As long‐term physiological factor in bone, mechanical stimulation such as micro‐vibration stimulation (MVS) exerts effects on regulating osteogenesis and immune response. In this study, the osteo‐immunodulatory effects of bicalcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics coupled with MVS are investigated. This results find that the combination of BCP ceramics and MVS may exert synergistic effects on the polarization and functional status of macrophages through activating plasma membrance Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) channel, reducing the intracellular calcium ion concentration, and inhibiting downstream extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. BCP ceramics coupled MVS could drive the macrophage polarization to wound‐healing M2 phenotype to decrease the production of pro‐inflammatory factors, enhance the secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and growth factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2. Moreover, BCP and MVS‐modulated macrophage secretion pattern can trigger the BMP/TGF‐Smad signaling pathways to induce osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) in vitro, and maintain cellular viability and promote the formation of collagen‐rich osteoid like tissues and mature blood vessels in vivo. This study demonstrates that the introduction of mechanical stimuli like non‐invasive MVS is an effective strategy to improve bone repair effects of biomaterials through endowing them with superior osteo‐immunodulatory capacity.
Highly Efficient Mixed Conduction in a Fused Oligomer n‐Type Organic Semiconductor Enabled by 3D Transport Pathways
Authors: Duan Jiayao , Zhu Genming , Chen Junxin , Zhang Chenyang , Zhu Xiuyuan , Liao Hailiang , Li Zhengke , Hu Hanlin , McCulloch Iain , Nielsen Christian B. , Yue Wan
Published: March 2023

Tailoring organic semiconductors to facilitate mixed conduction of ionic and electronic charges when interfaced with an aqueous media has spurred many recent advances in organic bioelectronics. The field is still restricted, however, by very few n‐type (electron‐transporting) organic semiconductors with adequate performance metrics. Here, a new electron‐deficient, fused polycyclic aromatic system, TNR, is reported with excellent n‐type mixed conduction properties including a µC* figure‐of‐merit value exceeding 30 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 for the best performing derivative. Comprising three naphthalene bis‐isatin moieties, this new molecular design builds on successful small‐molecule mixed conductors; by extending the molecular scaffold into the oligomer domain, good film‐forming properties, strong π–π interactions, and consequently excellent charge‐transport properties are obtained. Through judicious optimization of the side chains, the linear oligoether and branched alkyl chain derivative bgTNR is obtained which shows superior mixed conduction in an organic electrochemical transistor configuration including an electron mobility around 0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1. By optimizing the side chains, the dominant molecular packing can be changed from a preferential edge‐on orientation (with high charge‐transport anisotropy) to an oblique orientation that can support 3D transport pathways which in turn ensure highly efficient mixed conduction properties across the bulk semiconductor film.
Stoichiometric Control and Optical Properties of BaTiO3 Thin Films Grown by Hybrid MBE
Authors: Fazlioglu‐Yalcin Benazir , Suceava Albert C. , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Wang Ke , Gopalan Venkatraman , Engel‐Herbert Roman
Published: March 2023

BaTiO3 is a technologically relevant material in the perovskite oxide class with above‐room‐temperature ferroelectricity and a very large electro‐optical coefficient, making it highly suitable for emerging electronic and photonic devices. An easy, robust, straightforward, and scalable growth method is required to synthesize epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films with sufficient control over the film's stoichiometry to achieve reproducible thin film properties. Here the growth of BaTiO3 thin films by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy is reported. A self‐regulated growth window is identified using complementary information obtained from reflection high energy electron diffraction, the intrinsic film lattice parameter, film surface morphology, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Subsequent optical characterization of the BaTiO3 films by spectroscopic ellipsometry revealed refractive index and extinction coefficient values closely resembling those of stoichiometric bulk BaTiO3 crystals for films grown inside the growth window. Even in the absence of a lattice parameter change of BaTiO3 thin films, degradation of optical properties is observed, accompanied by the appearance of a wide optical absorption peak in the IR spectrum, attributed to optical transitions involving defect states present. Therefore, the optical properties of BaTiO3 can be utilized as a much finer and more straightforward probe to determine the stoichiometry level present in BaTiO3 films.
Estimating the benefits to Florida households from avoiding another Gulf oil spill using the contingent valuation method: Internal validity tests with probability‐based and opt‐in samples
Authors: Whitehead John C. , Ropicki Andrew , Loomis John , Larkin Sherry , Haab Tim , Alvarez Sergio
Published: March 2023

This paper evaluates contingent valuation method data quality by examining differences in results between probability‐based and opt‐in internet samples using data from a survey estimating passive use losses associated with the BP/Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Both samples pass the internal validity tests of negative price (bid) coefficient and positive sign on income but only the probability‐based sample passed the scope test and shows evidence of use values. We find that the willingness to pay estimates from the opt‐in sample may be over‐estimated compared to the probability‐based sample, though not statistically different. Results support the utility of less expensive opt‐in samples.
Emergence of Non‐photoresponsive Catalytic Techniques for Environmental Remediation and Energy Generation
Authors: Kumar Sharma Manish , Khan Imran , Kaswan Kuldeep , Roy Barman Snigdha , Saha Subhajit , Hsieh Wu‐Chiao , Chueh Yu‐Lun , Wang Yu‐Lin , Lee Sangmin , Choi Dukhyun , Lin Zong‐Hong
Published: March 2023

Catalysis plays a crucial role in all the major applications and challenges in the environment, including energy generation and environmental remediation. Although photocatalysts and electrocatalysts are useful in addressing energy and environmental issues, they have some major drawbacks, such as low efficiency and easy charge recombination which limits their applications. Hence, it is imperative to design and explore new catalytic techniques that include non‐photoresponsive catalysts. In this review, the detailed possibilities, characteristics and prospects of non‐photoresponsive catalysts, such as piezocatalysts, thermocatalysts, pyrocatalysts, and tribocatalysts along with hybrid catalysts are described. The overall mechanism of each catalytic technique and its applications in different fields such as energy generation, environmental remediation, and carbon dioxide reduction are discussed.
Heparin‐Induced Dual Mode Luminescence Modulation of Organic Nanoparticles and Efficient Energy Transfer
Authors: Biswas Rakesh , Das Susobhan , Puschmann Horst , Banerjee Supratim
Published: March 2023

Amphiphilic di‐cationic fumaronitrile derivatives with peripheral n‐alkyl chains formed organic nanoparticles (NPs) through self‐assembly in aqueous media. The NPs exhibited enhanced luminescence in both steady‐state and delayed mode in comparison to their molecularly dissolved state. Due to the presence of the multivalent array of positive charges on their surface, they were found to bind heparin, a bio‐polyanion which is routinely employed during surgery as an anticoagulant. The electrostatically driven co‐assemblies resulted in a significant enhancement in the steady‐state and delayed luminescence of the NPs. This provided a highly sensitive detection of the polyanion in aqueous buffer as well as in highly competitive serum and plasma media. Furthermore, and most notably, the heparin based co‐assemblies were found to act as efficient donors exhibiting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to acceptor dyes with the energy transfer efficiency reaching up to 88%.
Evolution and prediction of the extreme rainstorm event in July 2021 in Henan province, China
Authors: Chen Dong , Pan Chaoying , Qiao Shaobo , Zhi Rong , Tang Shankai , Yang Jie , Feng Guolin , Dong Wenjie
Published: March 2023

The Once‐in‐a‐Century extreme rainstorm event caused severe floods over Henan province during July 18–21, 2021, which resulted in large casualty and property losses. Although the rainstorm event occurred in Henan after July 18, the excessive rainfall had occurred to the east of Henan before July 18, with the 4‐day accumulated rainfall exceeding +130 mm during July 14–17, 2021. How the rainfall evolving westward and intensifying after July 18 remained a puzzle, which is the focus of this study. The prerainstorm stage (July 14–17) was related to the South Asian High (SAH) extending eastward and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) extending northwestward, and a low vortex between the SAH and WPSH caused above‐normal rainfall to the east of Henan. The rainstorm stage (July 18–21) was associated with an inverted trough and excessive southerly and southeasterly water vapor transportation above Henan, which resulted from the combined effects of a deep trough in the upper troposphere and typhoon activities. Additionally, three subseasonal forecasting systems predicted this rainstorm event 3 days in advance, with the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) performing the best, which was related to a better prediction of the inverted trough and the water vapor transportation in the middle‐lower troposphere. These results advance our understanding of the extreme rainstorm event in July 2021 in Henan.
Presidential Address: BERA. Who are we? How did we get here? Where are we going?
Authors: Baumfield Vivienne
Published: March 2023

As we approach the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the British Educational Research Association (BERA), Vivienne Baumfield's inaugural presidential address reflects on who we are, how we got here and where we are going. On one level the answer to these questions is straightforward. BERA is a learned society established in 1974 to support educational research by building capacity, advancing quality and promoting engagement with a strategic plan identifying priority activities over the next 5 years. So far, so good, but does this tell us what we need to know? Delivered at the BERA Conference 2022, the address explores through these questions some implications of belonging to BERA as a ‘learned society’ in the twenty‐first century.
Overview of the advances in plant microbial fuel cell technology for sustainable energy recovery from rhizodeposition
Authors: Bhattacharya Riya , Parthasarthy Vijay , Bose Debajyoti , Gulia Khushabu , Srivastava Siddhant , Roshan Kadirvel Ramesh , Shankar Ramakrishnan
Published: March 2023

In plant microbial fuel cells (p‐MFCs) electrochemically active microbes present around the plant root convert rhizodeposits or the organic matter into electrons, protons, and CO2. This work covers the increasing trend in research with p‐MFCs with their mechanism of operation. Different plant species and their selection criteria are also covered. Furthermore, the long‐term evaluation of such systems with its cost effectiveness and commercial and environmental perspectives are also presented. A critical aspect for bioelectricity production is the photosynthetic pathway of the plant. Additionally, the microbial communities and reactor configurations employed across different capacities are also reviewed. The challenges with bioelectricity production and the opportunity for developing p‐MFCs in conjunction with traditional MFCs are also covered. These electrogenic reactor systems harness bioelectricity without harvesting the plant and has the capacity to utilize this energy for remote power applications.
A Synthesis Review of Vitamins Involved in the Fight against Covid‐19
Authors: Mciteka Lulama P.
Published: March 2023

Although literature studies on earlier viruses such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and other similar viruses, in terms of treatment of coronavirus suggested the repurposing of some antiviral drugs, some Covid‐19 specific treatments, general forms of treatments, the use of convalescent plasma, as well as nutritional interventions in the form of vitamins, it is imperative to interrogate the nutritional status, age, and comorbidities of each infected patient before receiving any form of treatment. In the absence of any conclusive treatment so far, the study encourages the use of all likely interventions that could help arrest the spread of the disease. In addition, the current study has a particular interest in the syntheses and applications of vitamins and their derivatives which have been touted to play a significant role in the fight against Covid‐19, namely, vitamins A–E. It must, however, be mentioned that literature is not comprehensive.
Co‐infection of dengue, scrub typhus, and typhoid during dengue outbreak in Nepal, 2022: A case report
Authors: Bhattarai Bibek Raj , Bhujel Rajshree , Pokhrel Sushant , Mishra Abhishek , Priyadarshinee Anamika
Published: March 2023

In midst of the recent dengue outbreak in Nepal, in 2022, the risk of co‐infection increases and may lead to fatal outcomes if the diagnosis of multiple infections is delayed. Thus, all available diagnostic approaches must be taken to decrease the burden of illness and lessen mortality.
Eyelid myokymia caused by a trigeminal schwannoma as determined by the trigeminal‐evoked blink reflex
Authors: Ito Eiji , Sugita Ryotaro , Saito Ryuta
Published: March 2023

A 57‐year‐old man had trigeminal schwannoma in Meckel's cave with eyelid myokymia only. The evaluation of the trigeminal‐evoked blink reflex was useful for confirming eyelid myokymia and contributed to surgical decision‐making. In patients with persistent eyelid myokymia, neurophysiological and imaging evaluations may be useful for determining the underlying pathophysiology.
Acquired hemophilia A in a patient with adult‐onset Still's disease: Successful treatment with steroids
Authors: Chebbi Donia , Marzouk Sameh , Krichen Imen , El Ahmer Ikram , Snoussi Mouna , Dammak Chifa , Frikha Faten , Salah Raida Ben , Kallel Choumous , Bahloul Zouhir
Published: March 2023

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a potentially life‐threatening hemorrhagic disorder with many etiologies. We report the first case in the literature describing the association of AHA with adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD).
Biogas‐Assisted Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in an Open Raceway Pond: Proof of Concept and Economic Assessment
Authors: Parashar Anand , Shah Narendra , Rane Milind , Shastri Yogendra
Published: March 2023

Microalgae are a promising source of renewable fuels and value‐added chemicals but are hampered by the high cost of cultivation. Sparging CO2 in water bodies can increase the yield and reduce the cost. This work studies the feasibility of synergistically integrating a biogas digester with a microalgae cultivation system. Raw biogas is sparged through the microalgal culture to increase the microalgae yield while also purifying biogas for further use. At laboratory scale, Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in a 1‐L batch, and biogas was sparged for 3 h per day. For a demonstration‐scale 4000‐L raceway pond, a special contacting device was used to supply biogas to the microalgal culture. On the laboratory scale, C. vulgaris concentration increased by 30 % when sparged with biogas. Moreover, the protein and lipid contents were higher than in an air‐sparged control batch. The cultivation cost of microalgae decreased by 20 %.
Nitrogen‐Doped Electrocatalysts, and Photocatalyst in Water Splitting: Effects, and Doping Protocols
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Eyvari‐Ashnak Faezeh
Published: March 2023

Water splitting has been widely studied since the reaction affords hydrogen as an energetic pollutant‐free fuel from the most abundant molecule. Electrolysis, and photolysis of water are reliable pathways for hydrogen generation in green conditions, in which a catalyst is in charge of the transformation, and manipulation of its structure predominantly impresses the reaction rate. In this review, we concentrated on the impacts of nitrogen doping on the catalyst activity in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water splitting. Increasing conductivity, formation of new edges for evolution reaction, elevating surface area by prohibition from the aggregation of the support, enhancing transition metal deposition into the support, reducing activation energy of proton evolution, shrinking bandgap of photocatalysts, increasing light harvesting, and retarding charges recombination are the most significant results of the nitrogen doping on the catalysts. Moreover, the syntheses procedures were summarized herein to provide a comprehensive view for the nitrogen doping process.
Development of the Safe and Broad‐Spectrum Aldehyde and Ketoamide Mpro inhibitors Derived from the Constrained α, γ‐AA Peptide Scaffold
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Chunlong , Sacco Michael Dominic , Xue Songyi , Mahmoud Mentalla , Calcul Laurent , Chen Yu , Wang Jun , Cai Jianfeng
Published: March 2023

SARS‐CoV‐2 is still wreaking havoc all over the world with surging morbidity and high mortality. The main protease (Mpro) is essential in the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2, enabling itself an active target for antiviral development. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of a new class of peptidomimetics‐constrained α, γ‐AA peptides, based on which a series of aldehyde and ketoamide inhibitors of the Mpro of SARS‐CoV‐2 were prepared. The lead compounds showed excellent inhibitory activity in the FRET‐based Mpro enzymatic assay not only for the Mpro of SARS‐CoV‐2 but also for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV, along with HCoVs like HCoV‐OC43, HCoV‐229E, HCoV‐NL63 and HKU1. The X‐ray crystallographic results demonstrated that our compounds form a covalent bond with the catalytic Cys145. They also demonstrated effective antiviral activity against live SARS‐CoV‐2. Overall, the results suggest that α, γ‐AA peptide could be a promising molecular scaffold in designing novel Mpro inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses.
Tuning Directed Photooxidation‐Induced Conversion of Pyrrole‐Based Styryl Coumarin Dual‐Color Photoconverters
Authors: Saladin Lazare , Dal Pra Ophélie , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Didier Pascal , Collot Mayeul
Published: March 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Mayeul Collot at the University of Strasbourg (CNRS). The image depicts the effect of simple chemical tuning on coumarin dyes to tune and improve the DPIC photoconversion mechanism. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203933.
Ernährungsrevolution 2.0
Authors: Weingarten Melanie , Graichen Ralph , Nagler Peter
Published: March 2023

Bevölkerung und Bedarf an Nahrungsmitteln wachsen rasant. Einhergehend steigt der Wohlstand der Menschen – vor allem in Asien. Innovation und Technologie haben dies möglich gemacht. Unser Planet erinnert uns allerdings auch immer häufiger daran, dass Einklang von Mensch und Natur essenziell für das Fortbestehen sind, und es Grenzen des Wachstums gibt. Beteiligte aus Politik, Wissenschaft, Industrie und weiteren Bereichen setzen diese Erkenntnis um und erarbeiten Lösungen für eine nachhaltige Zukunft. Die Menschheit ist und bleibt dabei dem Fleisch als traditioneller wertvoller Nahrungsquelle verbunden. Hinzu treten jedoch schmackhafte und nahrhafte Alternative Proteine und Produkte. Jede fünfte Portion Protein kann bis 2035 alternativ sein (aktuell ist es jede 50., Abbildung 8). Es gibt sehr viel Potential, wenn wir uns auf unsere Großeltern besinnen, die im Grunde ihres Herzens Flexitarier waren: „unter der Woche vegetarisch, sonntags ein Stück Braten – vielleicht die beste Lösung?“
Rate of COVID‐19 vaccination among patients with cancer who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2: Analysis of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Registry
Authors: Kurbegov Dax , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Lei Xiudong Jennifer , Kirkwood M. Kelsey , Dickson Natalie , Hattiangadi Trupti , Mileham Kathryn F. , Patrick Alicia , Williams Jen Hanley , Kaltenbaugh Melinda , Gralow Julie R. , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Background

The availability of safe and effective COVID‐19 vaccines has enabled protections against serious COVID‐19 outcomes, which are particularly important for patients with cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology Registry enabled the study of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in patients with cancer who were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2.

Methods

Medical oncology practices entered data on patients who were in cancer treatment. The cohort included patients who had severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 infection in 2020 and had visits and vaccine data after December 31, 2020. The primary end point was the time to first vaccination from January 1, 2021. Cumulative incidence estimates and Cox regression with death as a competing risk were used to describe the time to vaccine uptake and factors associated with vaccine receipt.

Results

The cohort included 1155 patients from 56 practices. Among 690 patients who received the first vaccine dose, 92% received the second dose. The median time to vaccine was 99 days. After adjustment, older patients were associated with a higher likelihood of vaccination compared with patients younger than 50 years in January through March 2021, and age exhibited a linear effect, with older patients showing higher rates of vaccination. Metastatic solid tumors (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.98) or non–B‐cell hematologic malignancies (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.93) compared with nonmetastatic solid tumors, and any comorbidity (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.95) compared with no comorbidity, were associated with lower vaccination rates. Area‐level social determinants of health (lower education attainment and higher unemployment rates) were associated with lower vaccination rates.

Conclusions

Patient age, cancer type, comorbidity, area‐level education attainment, and unemployment rates were associated with differential vaccine uptake rates. These findings should inform strategies to communicate about vaccine safety and efficacy to patients with cancer.
Synthesis of Hydrogen‐Bonded Open‐[60]Fullerenol Dimers
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Sadai Shumpei , Murata Yasujiro
Published: March 2023

Two open‐[60]fullerenols were synthesized through a selective bond cleavage by reactions with N‐oxide or singlet oxygen. Both open‐[60]fullerenols having a bis(hemiketal) moiety were aggregated via intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen‐bondings to show a dimeric configuration in a face‐to‐face fashion where the hydroxy groups adopt a rhomboidal or chair‐like arrangement as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The dimerization constant of one of the two open‐[60]fullerenols was measured to be 22.2±4.7 M−1 (300 K, CDCl3) which is twice as large as that of a previously‐reported open‐[60]fullerenol bearing three hydroxy groups. According to theoretical calculations, an averaged interaction energy was estimated to be ca. −1.95 kcal/mol per an H‐bonding. By a loss of a water molecule from the bis(hemiketal) moiety, these open‐[60]fullerenols are transformed into tetracarbonyl derivatives with a 16‐membered‐ring orifice. Despite being the same ring‐atom count, a larger tilt angle of one of the carbonyl groups reduces the effective orifice size as suggested by theoretical calculations.
Chromosome Analysis and Sorting Using Conventional Flow Cytometers
Authors: Ng Bee Ling
Published: March 2023

The fluorescent dyes Hoechst (HO) and Chromomycin A3 (CA3) are commonly used for bivariate flow karyotyping to distinguish individual chromosomes from one another based on differences in base composition and DNA content. However, analysis of chromosomes using this fluorescent dye combination requires a flow cytometer equipped with lasers of specific wavelengths and higher power than is typical of conventional flow cytometers. This unit presents a chromosome staining technique with a dye combination of DAPI and propidium iodide (PI). Chromosomes stained using this dye combination can be analyzed on conventional flow cytometers equipped with a typical configuration of lasers and optics. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Cell culture and metaphase harvest of suspension cell line

Alternate Protocol 1: Cell culture and metaphase harvest of adherent cell line

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of chromosome suspension using polyamine isolation buffer

Basic Protocol 3: Staining chromosomes with DAPI and propidium iodide

Alternate Protocol 2: Staining chromosomes with Hoechst and Chromomycin A3

Basic Protocol 4: Bivariate flow karyotyping on a cell analyzer

Basic Protocol 5: Bivariate flow karyotyping on a cell sorter

Basic Protocol 6: Purification of flow‐sorted chromosomes
Rectifying jet breakup by electric forcing
Authors: Van Assche David , Beneyton Thomas , Baret Jean‐Christophe
Published: March 2023

The high‐throughput production of monodisperse droplets is paramount in most of the applications in droplet microfluidics. In a flow‐focusing junction, a straightforward way to increase droplet production rate is to increase the flow rates. However, at a critical flow velocity, the droplet monodispersity breaks down due to a transition from the dripping to the jetting regime. As a result, a much more polydisperse droplet population is generated. The change from monodisperse to polydisperse droplet production emerges from the intrinsic properties of the instabilities of jets. In the jetting regime, droplet pinch‐off is governed by a convective instability which amplifies random noise when traveling down the jet leading to an irregular breakup. We show that with the use of an amplitude‐modulated electric signal, we select the breakup frequency of the jet. Matching the perturbation frequency close to the natural breakup frequency of the jet, we increase the monodispersity of the droplet population. This method is applicable to droplet production at a high throughput, that is, beyond the dripping to jetting threshold, including an active control since the frequency, and hence droplet sizes, are determined by the forcing frequency.
Post‐migratory nonbreeding movements of birds: A review and case study
Authors: Teitelbaum Claire S. , Bachner Natalie C. , Hall Richard J.
Published: March 2023

Seasonal migrations are fascinating and ecologically important, but many migratory species are declining as climate change and land‐use change alter the habitats used by migrants across the annual cycle. While some migratory birds use a single wintering site, others undertake large‐scale post‐migratory movements during the nonbreeding season. Technological advances that enable tracking individual birds are uncovering more examples of post‐migratory nonbreeding movements. Documenting these movements is important for conservation, which requires understanding when and where migrants use habitats throughout their range. Here, we reviewed existing literature and collected information on the post‐migratory nonbreeding movements of 92 migratory bird species from 18 orders across six continents. Among these records, the most commonly reported drivers of movements were resource availability and climate. This strong dependence of post‐migratory nonbreeding movements on birds' abiotic and biotic environments suggests that environmental change will impact the patterns of these movements and potentially the fitness of species that undertake them. We also reviewed post‐migratory nonbreeding movements in North American‐breeding thrushes from the genus Catharus to examine the drivers of these movements in five closely related migratory species. We find that species that are less territorial are more likely to use multiple sites during the nonbreeding season; however, there is little evidence for dietary, evolutionary, or environmental differences between thrush species that move during winter and those that are stationary. While we believe our study represents the most comprehensive list of species exhibiting post‐migratory nonbreeding movements to date, biases in sampling, a lack of common terminology for these movements, and the still‐nascent availability of inexpensive, lightweight tracking devices mean that there are probably more populations that undertake such movements. Future research into the consequences of post‐migratory nonbreeding movements for individual fitness and ecosystem services would advance our understanding of their conservation importance and their evolution.