bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Changes of Polycystic Ovaries in rats Treated with Asparagus Officinalis L. Roots Extract
Authors: Al-masoudi Farah Jawad , Obeid Ashwaq Kadhem
Published: September 2024

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which a series reproductive, metabolic and psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal gonadotropin secretion or hyperandrogenism and associated with insulin resistance and most commonly found in the reproductive age female.

Objectives:

This research paper were conducted to examine the effects of Asparagus officinalis L. roots extract on letrozole induced PCOS where the effect of 400 mg/kg A. officinalis L. root extract on the PCOS was studied for 28 days in female rats.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-five female Albino rats were randomly divided into five groups, including control negative group, positive control, PCOS, treatment and preventive group. During 28 days, the positive control group got an extract of the A. officinalis roots. Letrozole 1 mg/kg dissolve in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution was used to cause PCOS for 28 days. Following the induction of PCOS, the treatment group received extract A. officinalis roots for 28 days. The preventative group received an extract of asparagus roots during PCOS induction.

Results:

Immunohistochemical results are shown Ovary slices from of the therapeutic and preventative groups next to the asparagus group were immunostained for Ki 67, which showed high positive statistically (P <0.05) immunological activity in the granulosa nuclei and less in the theca cells. When compared to the PCOS group, both the granulosa and theca layers had very weak positive immunostaining (P <0.05). According to the morphological findings, granulosa cells from the Control group and asparagus group proliferated much more than granulosa cells from the PCOS group statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusion:

The findings show that theca and granulosa cells are quickly stimulated to proliferate by asparagus root extract. Moreover, it therefore speeds up oogenesis and early cell divisions.
Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Moringa oleifera Extract against Staphylococcus aureus Identified by Routine and Molecular Methods
Authors: Al-Quhli Sawsan Qahtan Taha , Ibrahim Omar Salim , Khashan Atheer A.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Many diseases caused by bacterial and viral infections may now be treated using herbal extracts instead of chemical drugs.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against the bacterium employed in the experiment, as a commensal. Staphylococcus aureus can be found on the skin and in the nasal flora. It can also cause invasive, localized illnesses. Many virulence factors are present in S. aureus. It is recognized by routine and molecular methods depending on Vick Staphylococcal gene.

Material and Methods:

Phytochemical analysis of high polarity solvent leaves was done by using ethanol. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and other compounds in the extract. Using the well-diffusion method, the antibacterial effect of the extracts on microorganisms was investigated.

Results:

The ethanol extract proved potent against pathogenic microorganisms, with S. aureus showing the highest activity (10–100 mg/mL). In comparison to the concentrations of alcoholic extracts, the zones’ inhibition of bacterial growth in diameters increased. However, dosages of 80–100 mg/mL were highly effective and significant against S. aureus growth, whereas concentrations of 10–20 mg/mL had low post-detected efficiency and concentrations of 40–60 mg/mL had medium post-detected efficiency.

Conclusion:

These studies demonstrate the validity of the plant’s traditional medicinal properties.
Iron Deficiency and Hearing Problems in Adult Patients: Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Alwash Maysem Mouayad , Eluee Alaa Hussein , Salman Shaymaa Wahbi , Akkila Sameh Samir , Lafta Imran Fadhil
Published: September 2024

Background:

Anemia causes insufficient oxygenation of various organs, which leads to impairment of cognitive function as well as behavioral dysfunction, and there is a possibility of iron effects on the inner ear system by inducing pathologic insults.

Objectives:

The aim of this article is to investigate the association of tinnitus and hearing loss with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study included patients suffering from tinnitus who were tested by pure tone audiometry and categorized according to hearing status into those with normal hearing and those with hearing loss. A blood sample was taken from each one for performing a complete blood count and serum ferritin level measurements in order to show the presence of iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia.

Results:

One hundred patients with tinnitus were enrolled, 62 patients of them have hearing loss, while 38 patients have normal hearing. Forty-eight percent of tinnitus patients have iron deficiency anemia and 13% have only iron deficiency. There is a significant association between sensorineural hearing loss and iron deficiency anemia in patients with tinnitus (P value is 0.00283, P value is significant if <0.05). The proportion of subjects with low ferritin and hearing loss is significantly higher than those with low ferritin and normal hearing (P value is 0.000106. The result is significant at P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss are significantly associated with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
An Investigation of Some Immunological and Hematological Variables in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Al-Mozani Hawraa S. , Hasan Sajidah F.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause multisystemic tissue damage because of the interaction between the autoantibodies and self-antigens. The complement system has a role in the development of the disease activity after its activation by the immune complexes. In addition to the impairment in the function of T and B cells.

Objectives:

The current study aimed to determine some hematological and immunological factors that could be indicated to disease activity.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, venous blood from 54 SLE patients, who were referred to Medical City, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and 46 healthy subjects were withdrawn from January 2022 to July 2022. The levels of blood parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cells (WBC), and Hb were measured for the patients and controls. The levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3, C4, IL-6, and IL-17a, were determined for patients and controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Clinical diagnosis was made for all SLE patients according to the standards approved by the American College of Rheumatology, and the disease activity was determined by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Information such as age, history of diagnosis of the disease, and family history were collected by using a questionnaire provided for this study.

Results:

The age range shows a high rate of SLE disease in the age group 25–34, 24 (44.44%). The inactive group of patients was the largest among all patient’s groups (28 [51.85%]). ESR rate and WBCs count were significantly higher in patients. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were significantly high, with an average of 4.84 U/mL in patients compared to healthy controls. C3 and C4 showed an obvious reduction in the sera of patients (111.57, 0.278, respectively) compared to healthy people (126.08, 0.0489, respectively). Anti-dsDNA antibodies appeared with high significant levels in the active group of patients compared to other groups. For cytokines results, IL-6 was significantly high in patients (70.62 ng/l), and the levels of IL-6 and IL-17a were differentiated significantly with disease activity.

Conclusions:

CD3, C4, and dsDNA could be the most efficient indicators for disease diagnosis. However, dsDNA, IL-6, and IL-17a are the best to indicate disease activity.
Evaluation of Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent’s Responsiveness and Associated Factors in Hemodialysis Patients with Anemia
Authors: Alzubaidy Salar Ahmed , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Malik Arif Sami
Published: September 2024

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often develop erythropoietin-deficient anemia. Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) are the conventional treatment for CKD anemia, but patient responses vary. About 10%–15% of erythropoietin-treated patients may not respond, thus identifying hyporesponsiveness causes may help overcome resistance.

Objective:

This study is designed to evaluate ESA therapy’s responsiveness and to identify possible contributing factors for ESA resistance.

Materials and Methods:

This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2022 and February 2023 comprised 150 CKD and patients with anemia in a multicenter dialysis unit. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained. The weekly body-weight-adjusted ESA dose divided by hemoglobin concentration is calculated as the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI). ERI values of 5 (responsive), 5–15 (hyporesponsive), and >15 (resistant).

Results:

A total of 150 patients were enrolled among whom 86 (57.3%) were males with a mean age 51.6 ± 14.9 years. Regarding responses of the patients to ESA, 81 patients (54%) were hyporesponsive, 66 patients (44%) were resistanct and 3 patients (2%) were responsive. There was a significant difference in response according to age, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of co-existing diseases among study groups. Phosphate level was directly associated with the presence of resistance. ERI was positively correlated with dialysis frequency, ESA dose, serum iron, and transferrin saturation.

Conclusion:

According to the findings of this study, many factors can influence response levels in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis based on ERI (age, BMI, presence of co-existing diseases, serum phosphorus, serum iron, and transferrin saturation).
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Roles in the Biomedical Field: A Review
Authors: Al-Gburi Nawres , Al-Hassnawi Alaa , Al-Bayati Lubna Abdulazeem
Published: September 2024

Developing novel antibiotics, traditional pharmaceuticals, and chemically altered drugs addresses medical concerns and underscores the need for sustained and productive implementation of metallic nanotechnology across various domains. Nanoparticles (NPs) present a range of advantages over bulk particles due to their targeting capabilities, wound repair characteristics, capacity for biocomposite preparation, and potential as a gene and drug delivery system. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant interest among researchers as a result of their exceptional conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic behavior, and antimicrobial properties compared with other metal NPs. This study aims to provide a basic understanding of AgNPs and their functions in biomedical research.
Effects of Remdesivir (GS-5734) on Anti-Müllerian Hormone Level and Ovarian Tissues Morphology in Experimental Female Rats
Authors: Aziz Zainab Waleed , Altutunji Amina Zakaria , Husain Enas Osama
Published: September 2024

Background:

Remdesivir (GS-5734), an antiviral drug, recommended for the management of pandemic COVID-19 patients. This emergency medicine has not been fully investigated for its possible adverse effects on female reproductive capacity.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of remdesivir on the reproductive function through biochemical and morphological evaluation of ovaries, and to assess the conception outcomes and pups physical development in albino rat model study.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 24 adult female rats were equally divided into two groups. Experimental group was given a dose of 5 mg/kg of remdesivir intra-peritoneally for 10 consecutive days at intervals of 24 h. One day after treatment, half of rats (IIA) were weighted and sacrificed. The remaining rats (IIB) were housed with male. Following parturition, the weight of mothers and pups were measured, and the indices of physical development of nursing pups were recorded. Later, mothers were scarified on day 60 from last exposure. During the experiment, serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was measured and the ovaries were subjected to morphologic and morphometric assessments. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0 for statistically significant difference.

Results:

The mean concentration of AMH for the control group and the experimental groups (IIA) and (IIB) was 4.276 ± 1.582, 1.818 ± 1.554, and 3.339 ± 1.219 ng/mL, respectively. The IIA group had the lowest AMH level. There was slight recovery in the AMH level in experimental group IIB. The mean count of atretic follicles and corpus lutea was significantly different in experimental group IIA, with P-values of 0.041 and 0.033, respectively. The indices of physical development of nursing pups were significantly low (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Remdesivir could produce an intermittent reproductive disruption shortly after administration manifested by transient decline in ovarian reserve. Therefore, more attention should be paid to when this medicine is prescribed for women, especially for reproductive-aged women seeking for near-future pregnancy.
Retrospective Analysis of Etiology, Pattern, and Determinants of Pediatric Maxillofacial Injuries
Authors: Kuye Olasunkanmi F. , Aborisade Adetayo O. , Njokanma Azuka Raphael , Omotuyole Aderinsola S. , Alonge Moradeke , Idowu Bolaji S.
Published: September 2024

Context:

Children sustain facial skeletal and soft-tissue injuries, which are often seen in the preschool age; however, severe facial injuries involving facial bones occur in ages above 11 years. There have been several postulated reasons for the reduction in the incidence of skeletal fractures in children. These include sutural pliability of pediatric facial bones, increased subcutaneous fat, and a greater ratio of cranial to facial bones.

Aims:

The study aimed to report our institutional experience of the pattern of presentation in pediatric maxillofacial trauma and report its main etiologies.

Methods and Materials:

Clinical and demographic information was retrieved from the maxillofacial registers, day clinics, and pathology registers. The etiology of the trauma and associated injuries were also noted.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic variables such as age, gender, and location of trauma. Categorical variables were analyzed in frequencies and proportions. Association analyses across variables were done using student t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s Chi-square after normality test had been conducted. Dunn’s test and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis were conducted after significant observations.

Results:

The mean age observed in the study was 7.3 years ± 5.3 SD (range: 2.6 months–16 years). There was a slight male predilection with 58.6%. Falls were the most common etiology in the ≤5-years group. RTC accounted for most injuries in children above 11 years. Soft-tissue-only injuries were observed in 51.4% of all cases. In facial bone fractures, mandibular fractures accounted for 40% of all cases.

Conclusion:

Male children experienced the greatest impact from maxillofacial trauma. The primary factor contributing to this was falls among preschool children. Soft-tissue injuries were found to be more prevalent among preschool children, whereas the incidence of facial fractures increased as age advanced.
Preventive and Therapeutic Adjunctive Roles of Immune Optimization on Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases: A Mini Review
Authors: Okafor Michael T. , Ghasi Samuel I.
Published: September 2024

Inflammatory and infectious diseases encompass a wide array of pathologic processes underscored by inflammatory immune dysfunction and infections. They are commonly caused by immuno-toxic lifestyle habits (poor diet, inadequate sleep, lack of exercise) and infectious agents. Management of the disease spectrum is challenging. Immune dysfunction enhances their pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Hence, immune optimization interventions are useful for their prevention and management. T-cell dysfunction disease mediating models describing inflammatory and infective disease processes underlying inflammatory and infectious diseases exist. However, they do not highlight inflammatory and infective dysfunctional processes underlying the diseases concerning toxin-mediated epigenetic T-cell dysfunction. Online searches were conducted on databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Biomed Central, and SciELO. Articles were reviewed using keywords such as Immune optimization/dysfunction, T lymphocyte activation/dysfunction, cytokines, inflammatory/infectious pathogenesis, therapeutic adjunct, and disease prevention. There is a putative T cell toxin-mediated dysfunction disease model for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs), which may apply to inflammatory and infectious diseases. The putative disease model may highlight the actual inflammatory/infective immune dysfunctional processes underlying T cell disease mediation in inflammatory and infectious diseases. We proposed putative inflammatory and infectious disease models that highlight inflammatory and infectious dysfunctional processes underlying T cell dysfunction disease mediation which may be validated by multi-omic studies. Validation of the putative disease models using inflammatory and infective heart diseases as classic examples should pave the way for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Insights from these putative disease models can guide effective interventions.
Endoscopic-Assisted Balloon Dilatation of Eustachian Tube—Preliminary Report from a Tertiary Hospital in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Jibril Yasir Nuhu , Sa’idu Mustapha , Bello-Muhammad Nafisatu , Adamu Auwalu , Abdullahi Hamisu , Salisu Abubakar Danjuma
Published: September 2024

Context:

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) results from failure of the Eustachian tube (ET) to ventilate the middle ear adequately. It is responsible for most cases of persistent middle ear disease. Management of ETD is classically conservative and limited to medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for cases that fail medical treatment. Recently, endoscopic balloon dilation of the cartilaginous ET has shown encouraging results and appears effective, safe, well tolerated, and affordable.

Aims:

To present a preliminary report of Endoscopic balloon dilatation of Chronic ETD in a tertiary hospital.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective study involving 5 patients with chronic ETD who had endoscopic-assisted balloon dilatation of the ET in a tertiary hospital.

Materials and Methods:

The patients’ records were retrieved, and relevant data were extracted. All patients had completed an otorhinolaryngological examination and tympanometry.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:

There was a symptomatic improvement in four patients (7 ETs) at 2 weeks post-operative review. No improvement was seen in one patient (2 ETs). Similarly, the result of tympanometry at 6 weeks follow-up showed a change in tympanogram from type-C to type-A in two patients and from type-B to type-C in one patient. There was persistence of type-C in one patient and type-B in one patient.

Conclusion:

Although findings from our experience showed mixed results, endoscopic-assisted balloon dilatation of ET is feasible and can be used as an option in managing patients with ETD in our environment.
Under Pressure: A Case of Developmental Glaucoma and Congenital Glaucoma in Sturge–Weber Syndrome
Authors: Kalaiselvi B , Ganesan Vidhubala , Sheela S , Ravi Prashanth Peta
Published: September 2024

Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS), also known as encephalo-trigeminal angiomatosis, is a sporadic, congenital neurocutaneous disorder. It is characterized by capillary malformation affecting the brain, meninges, eyes, and skin. The ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular distributions of the trigeminal nerve are involved. Eye involvement with vascular malformation produces glaucoma and can lead to vision loss. Here, we present a rare case of SWS with port-wine stain, painful vision loss in left eye, and open-angle glaucoma in the other eye of the same patient. The painful blind eye was treated with cyclocryotherapy with successful control of intraocular pressure.
Bilateral Subretinal Fluid Accumulation during Erdafitinib Therapy
Authors: Singh Rajneesh , Bagrecha Nipun , Pandey Suresh K. , Chabblani Deepesh
Published: September 2024

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) plays a major role in maintaining retinal pigment epithelium cells. Drugs that inhibit the FGFR pathway block the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, leading to the synthesis of antiapoptotic proteins and secondary subretinal fluid accumulation. Erdafitinib, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is one such antitumour drug that has shown significant efficacy in patients with urothelial carcinoma with FGFR alterations. We present a case report demonstrating the bilateral subretinal fluid accumulation due to erdafitinib.
Work Profile and Risk Factors of Presenile Cataract in the South Indian Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sundaresan Sharmila , Sharmila B , Elangovan Suma , Chelliah Ramya , Senthamarai G
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The percentage of cataract in the working population in the age group of less than 50 years is on the rise. This study was done to assess the work profile and identify the modifiable risk factors for presenile cataract.

Methods:

Patients in the age group of 20–50 years presenting to the Out-Patient Department of Ophthalmology with presenile cataracts were recruited as cases. Controls were age-matched patients without cataract. All details were collected using a questionnaire. A complete ocular examination and blood investigation were done. For normally distributed continuous data, for differences between the two groups, the Student’s t test was used, as was the Wilcoxon rank sum test for non-normal data and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. To look for an association between cataract and the risk factors, logistic regression was done, and the results were reported as the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P value.

Results:

Seventy-five cases and 75 controls were recruited for the study after informed consent. The odds of developing presenile cataract were eight times higher for blue-collar workers, with an odds ratio of 8.154 (P < 0.001). 52% were of lower socio-economic status in cases compared to 34% of controls (P 0.04). Underweight was a risk factor for presenile cataract, with an odds ratio of 28.064. (P 0.02).

Conclusions:

Blue-collar workers, people belonging to lower socio-economic status, and underweight were risk factors for presenile cataract in the current study. We recommend a periodic screening of cataracts in occupational health centres for all blue-collar workers. Measures to improve the general health of the presenile population need to be taken, which will also address the risk factors for presenile cataracts.
Exploring Head-Mounted Virtual Visual Fields for Glaucoma: How do They Stack Up Against Humphrey Tests?
Authors: Sethi Sahebaan , Pocari Gjergji
Published: September 2024

The integration of virtual reality (VR) technology into visual field (VF) testing has introduced innovative head-mounted perimetry devices, which offer numerous advantages over traditional methods. This review examines the features, accuracy, and reliability of commercially available head-mounted VR perimeters and compares them with the gold standard, the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA). While traditional devices like the HFA and Goldmann Perimeter have been reliable for glaucoma management, they are limited by fixed testing environments, long testing durations, and high costs. VR-based perimetry addresses these limitations by providing portable, cost-effective, and engaging testing environments that can be conducted in various settings, including patients’ homes. Head-mounted displays (HMDs) equipped with high-resolution screens, motion sensors, and eye-tracking technology create an immersive testing experience that minimizes distractions and external light interference, potentially enhancing test accuracy. These devices also offer customizable testing protocols, improving patient comfort and compliance, especially among children and elderly patients. However, concerns remain about the reproducibility and accuracy of VR perimetry compared to established standards. Variability among VR platforms and the lack of large normative databases for visual fields pose challenges to their widespread adoption. This review highlights the need for further validation studies and the development of standardized testing protocols to ensure the reliability and accuracy of VR perimetry. Despite these challenges, the flexibility, reduced testing times, and potential for telemedicine applications make VR head-mounted perimetry a promising tool for improving glaucoma management and expanding access to VF testing in diverse clinical environments.
Overgroups of exterior powers of an elementary group. Normalizers
Authors: Lubkov Roman , Nekrasov Ilia
Published: September 2024

We establish two characterizations of an algebraic group scheme

\mathord{\raisebox{2pt}{\hbox{$\scriptstyle{\bigwedge^{m}}$}}}\mathrm{GL}_{n}

over

\mathbb{Z}

. Geometrically, the scheme

\mathord{\raisebox{2pt}{\hbox{$\scriptstyle{\bigwedge^{m}}$}}}\mathrm{GL}_{n}

is a stabilizer of an explicitly given invariant form or, generally, an invariant ideal of forms. Algebraically,

\mathord{\raisebox{2pt}{\hbox{$\scriptstyle{\bigwedge^{m}}$}}}\mathrm{GL}_{n}

is isomorphic (as a scheme over

\mathbb{Z}

) to a normalizer of the elementary subgroup functor

\mathord{\raisebox{2pt}{\hbox{$\scriptstyle{\bigwedge^{m}}$}}}\mathrm{E}_{n}

and a normalizer of the subscheme

\mathord{\raisebox{2pt}{\hbox{$\scriptstyle{\bigwedge^{m}}$}}}\mathrm{SL}_{n}

.Our immediate goal is to apply both descriptions in the “sandwich classification” of overgroups of the elementary subgroup. Additionally, the results can be seen as a solution of the linear preserver problem for algebraic group schemes over

\mathbb{Z}

, providing a more functorial description that goes beyond geometry of the classical case over fields.
Boundary states of the Robin magnetic Laplacian
Authors: Fahs Rayan , Le Treust Loïc , Raymond Nicolas , Vũ Ngọc San
Published: September 2024

This article tackles the spectral analysis of the Robin Laplacian on a smooth bounded two-dimensional domain in the presence of a constant magnetic field. In the semiclassical limit, a uniform description of the spectrum located between the Landau levels is obtained. The corresponding eigenfunctions, called edge states, are exponentially localized near the boundary. By means of a microlocal dimensional reduction, our unifying approach allows on the one hand to derive a very precise Weyl law and a proof of quantum magnetic oscillations for excited states, and on the other hand to refine simultaneously old results about the low-lying eigenvalues in the Robin case and recent ones about edge states in the Dirichlet case.
The non-degeneracy invariant of Brandhorst and Shimada’s families of Enriques surfaces
Authors: Moschetti Riccardo , Rota Franco , Schaffler Luca
Published: September 2024

Brandhorst and Shimada described a large class of Enriques surfaces, called

(\tau,\bar{\tau})

-generic, for which they gave generators for the automorphism groups and calculated the elliptic fibrations and the smooth rational curves up to automorphisms. In the present paper, we give lower bounds for the non-degeneracy invariant of such Enriques surfaces, we show that in most cases the invariant has generic value

10

, and we present the first known example of complex Enriques surface with infinite automorphism group and non-degeneracy invariant not equal to

10

.
Local $\varepsilon$-conjecture and $p$-adic differential equations
Authors: Ishida Tetsuya , Nakamura Kentaro
Published: September 2024

Laurent Berger attached a

p

-adic differential equation

\mathbf{N}_{\mathrm{rig}}(M)

with a Frobenius structure to an arbitrary de Rham

(\varphi,\Gamma)

-module

M

over a Robba ring. In this article, we compare the local epsilon conjecture for the cyclotomic deformation of

M

with that of

\mathbf{N}_{\mathrm{rig}}(M)

. We first define an isomorphism between the fundamental lines of their cyclotomic deformations using the second author’s results on the big exponential map. As a main result of the article, we show that this isomorphism enables us to reduce the local epsilon conjecture for the cyclotomic deformation of

M

to that of

\mathbf{N}_{\mathrm{rig}}(M)

. The result can be regarded as a refined interpolation formula of the big exponential map.
Regular models of modular curves in prime level over $\mathbb{Z}_{p}^{\mathrm{ur}}$
Authors: Edixhoven Bas , Parent Pierre
Published: September 2024

We give regular models for modular curves associated with (normalizer of) split and non-split Cartan subgroups of

\operatorname{GL}_{2}(\mathbb{F}_{p})

(for

p

any prime). We then compute the group of connected components of the fiber at 

p

of the Néron model of their Jacobians.
Persistence and disappearance of negative eigenvalues in dimension two
Authors: Christiansen T. J. , Datchev K. R. , Griffin C.
Published: September 2024

We compute asymptotics of eigenvalues approaching the bottom of the continuous spectrum, and associated resonances, for Schrödinger operators in dimension two. We distinguish persistent eigenvalues, which have associated resonances, from disappearing ones, which do not. We illustrate the significance of this distinction by computing corresponding scattering phase asymptotics and numerical Breit–Wigner peaks. We prove all of our results for circular wells, and extend some of them to more general problems using recent resolvent techniques.
The Joy of Queer Science Fiction Reading, or: Will Queers Destroy Science Fiction?
Authors: Burszta Jędrzej
Published: September 2024

The paper seeks to examine the connections between “queer reading” and “science fiction reading” from the perspective of readers’ recollections of their juvenile experiences of “looking for clues” in queer sf narratives. Using Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s concept of reparative reading, I discuss the idea of queer adolescent reading as a possibly transformative experience that offers exciting theoretical opportunities for academic scholarship on the fantastic. By turning attention to selected testaments of adolescent queer readerly experiences, written by both writers and fans, I hope to demonstrate both the personal (individual) and collective nature of queer self-recognition through these intense and affective engagements with sf texts. A closer examination of a collection of short essays in which authors reflect on the provocative idea of “queers destroying sf,”also based on individual recollections of engaging with sf as young readers, expands the discussion to incorporate fan activity and the question of queer canon-forming.
Literary Representations of Non-heteronormative and Trans People in Polish Young Adult (YA) Literature: the example of Natalia Osińska’s trilogy and Anouk Herman’s novel Nigdy nie będziesz szło samo
Authors: Stoch Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The author focuses on literary representations of LGBT+ youth in Polish novels classified as Young Adult Literature (YAL). They use a three-part framework created by Michael Cart and Christine A. Jenkins to analyse books viewed as emblematic for Polish queer YAL: Natalia Osińska’s trilogy (Fanfik 2016, Slash 2017, Fluff 2019) and Anouk Herman’s novel Nigdy nie będziesz szło samo [You’ll Never Walk Alone, 2023]. When describing literary representations of coming out and queer youth subcultures, the author draws attention to the multidimensionality of the identities of the characters in this type of literary work. They are presented not only in the context of their gender identity and sexual orientation, but also through the prism of their economic situation and place of birth. The queerness of the characters is not limited to issues of gender and sexuality, but also involves challenging the norm of neurotypicality. According to the author, the novels analysed represent an interesting cultural representation of the Polish community of young people who identify as gay, lesbian, transgender and non-binary, as well as their allies (parents, friends).
O surrealizmie etnograficznym, fabulacji i potędze nieprawdy w filmie Apichatponga Weerasethakula
Authors: Loska Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

The subject of the analysis is the feature-length debut of Apichatpong Weerasethakul, a Thai film director and video artist, allowing us to understand how the process of creating art can be combined with research work – in this case ethnography – making the camera a tool of cognition. Mysterious Object at Noon (2000) is a kind of epistemological and aesthetic experiment whose aim is to develop a new way of talking about reality by combining different voices and involving many people involved in the project in the creative process. The starting point of the article are methodological concepts proposed by representatives of research-creation (Erin Manning, Brian Massumi) and the idea of ethnographic surrealism as presented by James Clifford. Using a selected film example, I would like to show what the fabulation is all about as a narrative strategy and a tool for creating a collective artistic statement, which is also a research practice.
Histological analysis of the spleen of rats immunized with SARS-CoV-2 S protein
Authors: Fomina K. V. , Khramova T. V. , Terentiev A. S. , Terentievа O. S.
Published: September 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to pathological disorders in various organs due to the ubiquitous of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, tissue damage may not only be the result of viral infection. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to induce the production of autoantibodies to ACE2, and their presence is associated with disease severity. The spleen is one of the targets for COVID-19. The presence of ACE2 in the red pulp sinus endothelium cells of the spleen and in tissue-resident CD169+ macrophages positioned in the splenic marginal zone makes these cells a potential target of autoimmune reactions to ACE2 triggered by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein cross-react with a wide range of human tissue proteins and can cause tissue damage. The most common splenic pathologies in deceased COVID-19 patients are lymphocyte depletion and subsequent hemaphagocytosis. Since the spleen plays a fundamental role in the immune response regulation, splenic damage could be one of the causes of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19. To test the hypothesis of the autoimmune nature of COVID-19, we developed a non-infectious experimental model of autoimmune multiorgan damage caused by immunization with SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The purpose of this work was to study the spleen in rats with induced multiorgan damage caused by immunization with SARS-CoV-2 S protein, as well as the influence of pre-existing autoimmune disease on the severity of splenic damage caused by an immune response against S protein. Intact Wistar rats and Wistar rats with completed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were immunized with S protein in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). Control rats received an injection of IFA. No changes were detected in the secondary follicles number in the spleen of rats immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. However, in the spleen of rats with previously induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis, immunization with SARS-CoV-2 S protein caused a significant decrease in the number of secondary follicles relative to the control group. Hemosiderin deposits and macrophage hyperplasia of the marginal zones of the white pulp were detected in both groups immunized with S protein. Thus, immunization with the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 causes changes in the spleen of rats similar to those detected in patients who died from COVID-19. Damage to the spleen is more varied and pronounced in rats with previous experimental encephalomyelitis.
The expression patterns of the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIGIT on CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation
Authors: Vlasova V. V. , Saidakova E. V.
Published: September 2024

T lymphocytes are a highly diverse group of cells that play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response. The T cell population consists of two subsets: CD4+T-helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, each comprising cells with varying functionality and maturity levels. Inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 and TIGIT tightly regulate T lymphocyte functions to maintain immune homeostasis. However, the presence of inhibitory receptors on T cells is also associated with exhaustion. The specific characteristics of inhibitory receptor expression on CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocyte subsets are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the expression of inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIGIT on different subsets of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes in healthy individuals. The study involved 10 relatively healthy volunteers, averaging 43 years. T lymphocytes subsets were identified using flow cytometry. CD4+ and CD8+T cells were classified as naive (CD45R0-CCR7+), central memory (CD45R0+CCR7+), effector memory (CD45R0+CCR7-), or terminally differentiated effectors (CD45R0-CCR7-) followed by analysis of PD-1 and TIGIT expression. The study showed that the expression of suppressor molecules PD-1 and TIGIT on T lymphocytes in healthy individuals is closely linked to their differentiation stage. The presence of cells carrying PD-1 and TIGIT receptors was significantly lower in naive T lymphocytes compared to more mature subsets (p 0.05). Affiliation with CD4+ or CD8+T cells also significantly influenced the nature of inhibitory receptor expression. CD8+T lymphocytes had more TIGIT-positive elements than CD4+T cells (p 0.01). Moreover, unlike PD-1, TIGIT was found on most memory and terminally differentiated effector CD8+T lymphocytes. These findings improve our understanding of how inhibitory receptors regulate T cell functions and emphasize the need to reconsider how we interpret data in the context of T lymphocyte exhaustion.
Modeling the processes of transendothelial transport of LDL and macrophage migration
Authors: Cherednichenko V. R. , Khovantseva U. S. , Kuzmin V. V. , Chertovich N. F. , Markin A. M.
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process involving various pathological mechanisms: inflammation, lipoprotein modification, cholesterol accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The main participants in the development of this disease are endothelial cells, leukocytes and smooth muscle cells of intima. The adult endothelium contains heterogeneous cells, including typical endothelial cells (TEC) and giant multinucleated EC variants (MVEC). The process of passing molecules is called transendothelial transport (TET). The purpose of this work is to model the processes of TET of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and monocyte migration using various EC variants. In the study, a human EC line (EA.hy926) was used. Multicore variants of EC (MVEC) were obtained by treating EC with a 50% solution of polyethylene glycol 6000. To study LDL transcytosis and monocyte migration, tablets with inserts (0.4 or 3.0 micron pore diameter, respectively) forming a two-level system were used. The LDL transmission rate was assessed by measuring the amount of cholesterol in the upper and lower chambers every 2, 5 and 24 hours. A modified Folch method was used to measure the amount of cholesterol. The cholesterol content was adjusted according to the total protein level in the well, measured by the Lowry method. The migration of macrophages was estimated by direct counting of cells. The content of internalized cholesterol in the MVEC was statistically significantly higher than in the EC. The rate of LDL transport did not differ. The rate of passage of the endothelial barrier formed by MVEC by macrophages was higher at points 2 and 5 hours. After 24 hours the number of migrated cells did not differ. The rate of transendothelial transport for typical and multinucleated variants of EC did not statistically differ. Although the presence of MBEC does not affect the transport of lipoproteins into the subendothelial layer, the fact that multinucleated cells accumulate lipid droplets more actively than typical ECS may indicate an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The rate of macrophage migration after 2 and 5 hours was higher for MVEC than for TEC, whereas immature macrophages did not migrate through the endothelial barrier for 24 hours.
Immunity in chronic rhinosinusitis and comorbid conditions
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Sinyakov A. A.
Published: September 2024

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a disease caused by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and its mucous membrane with a duration of symptoms of the disease of more than 4 weeks continuously. The purpose of our study was to study the cellular and humoral components of immunity in CRS and comorbid conditions. This study was conducted at the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation. A total of 91 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were selected, of which 30 people were patients with isolated chronic rhinosinusitis, 25 people were with chronic rhinosinusitis and deviated nasal septum, 19 people were with chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinitis, and 17 people were with chronic rhinosinusitis and bronchial asthma. The control group consisted of 35 practically healthy blood donors comparable in gender and age to the study groups, who underwent a routine examination at the institute’s clinics. To study systemic cellular immunity in venous blood, flow cytometry was used on a Cytomics FC500 flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). To stain lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD19+, from Beckman Coulter (USA). With CRS and deviated nasal septum, changes were detected in the form of an increase in the absolute content of B lymphocytes and a decrease in 3 relative synthesis indices. In CRS and chronic rhinitis, an increase in the absolute content of B lymphocytes and a decrease in the relative number of T helper cells and 3 relative synthesis indices were found. In CRS, an increase in the content of B lymphocytes and IgE was detected (but the value was below 100 IU/mL), and a decrease in the relative number of T helper cells and 3 relative synthesis indices. In CRS and bronchial asthma, there was an increase in the absolute content of T helpers, B lymphocytes, hypergammaglobulinemia in classes A and E (more than 100 IU/mL) and a decrease in the relative number of T helper cells, the absolute number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and 3 relative synthesis indices.
Determination of antinuclear antibodies: role in modern differential diagnosis of connective tissue autoimmune diseases
Authors: Pashnina I. A. , Kritskaia I. S. , Vlasova E. V. , Krivolapova I. M.
Published: September 2024

There is an increase in autoimmune rheumatic diseases among all age population groups globally. Diagnosis is often difficult, because the early stages of the diseases usually do not have specific symptoms. Often, clinical manifestations of autoimmune diseases and non-autoimmune pathologies have similar symptoms. Therefore, the differential diagnosis could be very difficult. Most often, the determination of antinuclear autoantibodies is used for laboratory diagnosis of connective tissue systemic diseases. Autoantibodies can be detected in patients long time before the appearance of symptoms. The correct diagnosis is very important because the therapy of various nosologies can be different. It is especially significant with the invention of targeted therapy. Further analysis of the diagnostic value of autoantibody determination is very important. This article presents examination and follow-up data of three children. The analysis of medical documentation was carried out. The role of determining autoantibodies in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune connective tissue diseases was analyzed. In the first patient with Sjögren’s syndrome, the clinical picture of the underlying disease developed at least 5 years after the detection of high levels anti-SS-A, SS-B and Ro-52 antibodies (immunoblotting) and the speckled pattern (indirect immunofluorescence assay). In the second patient, antibodies against centromeres (specific markers of systemic scleroderma) appeared at least 2 years before clinical symptoms. In the third patient, the specific markers of systemic scleroderma have been detected for 5 years. There were antibodies against centromeres (immunoblotting), high titer and the centromere pattern (indirect immunofluorescence assay). However, the patient has not developed any clinical symptoms of this disease during all time of observation. Thus, the analysis of the presented clinical cases shows that autoantibodies can be detected in patients long time before the onset of clinical manifestations of a specific autoimmune disease. In all three cases, the first immunological examination has been carried out in the background of the disease symptoms, but they were atypical. Identification of specific autoantibodies, is very important for differential diagnosis. In the absence of clinical symptoms, the presence of autoantibodies, is the reason for dynamic observation of the patients.