bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mimicking the extracellular matrix by incorporating functionalized graphene into hybrid hydrogels
Authors: M. Galindo Josué , San-Millán Irene , Castillo-Sarmiento Carlos A. , Ballesteros-Yáñez Inmaculada , Herrero M. Antonia , Merino Sonia , Vázquez Ester
Published: August 2023

The efficient functionalization of graphene with sulfonic groups facilitates the interaction of biomolecules with the hydrogel surface. An enhancement on the viscoelasticity and cell development was observed in the hybrid-sulfonic graphene hydrogels.
NLR immune receptors: structure and function in plant disease resistance
Authors: Förderer Alexander , Kourelis Jiorgos
Published: August 2023

Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are a diverse family of intracellular immune receptors that play crucial roles in recognizing and responding to pathogen invasion in plants. This review discusses the overall model of NLR activation and provides an in-depth analysis of the different NLR domains, including N-terminal executioner domains, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) module, and the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. Understanding the structure-function relationship of these domains is essential for developing effective strategies to improve plant disease resistance and agricultural productivity.
A cascaded three‐level buck‐LLC DC/DC converter with high power density for high‐frequency applications
Authors: Ji Baojian , Lou Qiongya , Hong Feng , Zhou Yufei
Published: August 2023

In distributed generation systems, converters play a vital role and DC/DC converter technology is constantly being promoted with the increasing demand for electrical equipment in various industries. A cascaded topology of DC/DC converter has been proposed in this paper, named three‐level Buck‐LLC(TL‐BLLC) converter. In the proposed TL‐BLLC, Buck and LLC circuit are cascaded by a switch and a diode, so that the input voltage of the LLC can be adjusted to three levels. The stability of the output voltage of the whole system depends on the three‐level weight, so the LLC works at fixed frequency, which simplifies the control and ensures the efficiency. At the same time, compared with the traditional cascaded Buck‐LLC, this structure can reduce the processing power and reduce the size of passive elements of the previous Buck. Finally, a 980 W experimental prototype was established and the results of the experiment verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Substantiation of rational parameters of open-pit development of a two-layer deposit
Authors: Yermekbayev Umidjon , Khakimov Shadiboy , Nazarov Zoir , Giyazov Otabek , Nematov Azizjon
Published: August 2023

Technological schemes for open pit mining of mineral deposits show the reduce of costs by diminishing the distance of transportation. The development of fundamentally new types of technological schemes includes the division of the mining front into sections, the mining of sections with overburden benches that wed out to the mineral layer, and mining benches with the placement of rocks in the tiers of internal dumps and the advancement of the dump front after the mining of the benches.
Analysis of overburden transportation by conveyor transport as part of a cyclic-flow technology
Authors: Tulkin Annakulov , Ziyadov Nusratullo , Abdikarimov Farhod
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the use of belt conveyors for transporting overburden from open pits. The main technical and economic parameters of powerful belt conveyors that operate as part of a cyclic-flow technology for the development and transportation of rocks are given. The main conclusions on the effective use and further development of belt conveyors for transporting rocky rocks are given.
Propagation of purely shear viscose-elastic waves with allowance for the of particle rotation in a flat layer
Authors: Teshaev Mukhsin , Axmedov Maxsud , Ruziyeva Mavluda , Sobirova Ra’no , Axmedov Sharif
Published: August 2023

The paper studies the propagation of shear elastic waves in a layer on the basis of a simplified Cosserat model. One of the planes bounding the layer is loaded with inertial mass, the second boundary is fixed. The possibility of the appearance of a localized (surface) wave along the loaded surface of the layer is established. The velocity of wave propagation is determined in the short-wave and long-wave approximations.
Interactive methods for increasing wear resistance of cutting tool blades
Authors: Sharipov Jamshid , Abrorov Akbar
Published: August 2023

In the scientific work, the features of the structure of the near-surface layer of high-speed steel R6M5, complex processing modified by the methods of the first ion-nitriding, ion alloying of the surface, and wear-resistant coating, its effect on the wear resistance of the tool during dry cutting of hard-to-cut chromium and its alloys are considered. One of the promising directions for hardening tools made of high-speed steel is the creation of layered structures on their surface with a gradient of physical and chemical properties between wear-resistant coatings and the base material. Among the methods for such surface modification is a special process based on the use of high-intensity pulsed beams of charged particles. Ion-nitriding treatment was carried out on the APP-2 unit, ion-alloying treatment was carried out on the unit, the latter with low friction coating. The advantage of this device is that it coats the Nb and Hf elements on the surface of the cutting tool, heats up to 10 6 deg/s in 5 μs, causing the two elements to diffuse into the cutting tool. The last treatment on the basis of reinforced cutting tools is coated with PLATIT π311 (TiAl)N. As a result, the stability of the cutting tool has increased by 3-4 times. The study was conducted at the Navoi Machine-Building Plant and conclusions were drawn.
Cardiotomy Suction Versus Red Cell Spinning During Repair of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: von Segesser Ludwig K. , Weiss Branko M. , Garcia Eligio , Turina Marko I.
Published: August 2023

Two consecutive series of patients undergoing repair of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms with partial cardiopulmonary bypass and low systemic heparinization (activated coagulation time: ACT> 180 sec) for proximal unloading and distal protection were analyzed. During the surgical procedures, thoracic shed blood was recovered either with a red cell spinning autotransfusion device (n=10) or two pump suckers and Duraflo II heparin surface coated cardiotomy reservoirs (n=10). There were 5/10 acute lesions and 1/l0 ruptures for the autotransfusion group versus 5/10 acute lesions and 2/10 ruptures for the cardiotomy group (NS). Extension of aortic resection (range 1-8) was 3.6±1.2 for autotransfusion versus 3.5±1.4 for cardiotomy suction (NS). Mean number of reimplanted patches for intercostal and visceral reperfusion was 0.3±0.6 for autotransfusion versus 0.6±1.0 for cardiotomy (NS). Perfusion time was 41±17 min for autotransfusion versus 60±19 min for cardiotomy (p<0.05) and cross clamp time was 33±14 min for autotransfusion versus 43±17 min for cardiotomy (p<0.01). Total heparin dose was for 9500±2100 IU for autotransfusion versus 9800±1300 IU for cardiotomy (NS). The mean of the lowest ACTs measured during perfusion was 281±121 sec for autotransfusion versus 258±58 sec for cardiotomy (NS). The total protamine dose given was 7800±2100 IU for autotransfusion versus 9700±1900 IU for cardiotomy (p<0.05). The volume of washed red cells prepared was 3186±1318 ml forautotransfusion versus 0 for cardiotomy (p<0.05). Homologous blood and blood products transfused accounted for 3556±2491 ml for autotransfusion versus 3202±1084 for cardiotomy (NS). Chest tube drainage (day 1) was 878±421 m1 for autotransfusion versus 690±520 ml for cardiotomy (NS). Survival (30 days) was 10/10 for autotrans versus 10/10 for cardiotomy (NS). Cardiotomy suction using heparin coated reservoirs for shed blood recovery during partial cardiopulmonary bypass with low systemic heparinization simplified repair of more complex descending thoracic aortic aneurysms and resulted in similar outcome.
The Relationship Between Membrane Oxygenator Blood Path Pressure Drop and Hemolysis: An In-vitro Evaluation
Authors: Bearss Mark G.
Published: August 2023

Plasma hemoglobin (pl-Hgb) production was measured for the Bard HF-5000 (n = 4), Sarns SMO (n =4) and Sarns Turbo (n =4) membrane oxygenators (MO), which were tested on separate closed-loop roller pump circuits to compare differences in hemolysis production as a function of pressure drop (P). The three oxygenators were selected because of their varied P characteristics. Circuits were prepared by clamping off the MO and then priming with freshly drawn, heparinized, filtered bovine blood that had an adjusted hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.0 g/dL. Roller pump occlusions were set using a pressure transducer. To correct for hemolysis resulting from the roller pump in each oxygenator circuit, the blood was pumped through a bypass line around each MO for the first 90 minutes of each study. Blood flows were maintained at 4.0 L/min at a pressure of 200 mmHg and tests for pl-Hgb conducted at 30-minute intervals. Blood was then circulated through each MO for 180 minutes at outlet pressures of 200 mmHg. Total pl-Hgb values were corrected for flow and time in order to calculate a hemolysis index (HI) in grams of pl-Hgb generated per 100 L of blood pumped.

A weak correlation was demonstrated between P and HI (r = 0.69). This study suggests that variances in MO hemolysis are a function of design variables, such as membrane surface area, prime volume, and blood path length, rather than of P. The pl-Hgb generated from each MO was negligible when compared with typical pl-Hgb levels generated during routine cardiopulmonary bypass.
Comparison of Gaseous Microemboli Counts in Arterial, Simultaneous and Venous Heat Exchange with a Hollow Fiber Membrane Oxygenator
Authors: Sutton Robin G. , Riley Jeffrey B. , Merrill Jon H.
Published: August 2023

Potential sources of gaseous microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass are varied. However, it is known that membrane oxygenators generate fewer gaseous microemboli than bubble oxygenators and that bubblers cannot utilize arterial heat exchange without generating significant gaseous microemboli during rewarming. A membrane oxygenator utilizing simultaneous gas and heat exchange raises the concern that concurrent gas and heat exchange would result in a higher production of gaseous microemboli compared to conventional venous heat exchange devices. This in vitro study compared venous, simultaneous, arterial and control (venous) heat exchanger gaseous microemboli counts during rewarming. No significant difference was found between the four heat exchangers when comparing inlet and outlet gaseous microemboli counts. This in vitro study suggests that there is no difference in gaseous microemboli generation when varying the position of the heat exchanger in the extracorporeal circuit incorporating a microporous membrane oxygenator.
Comparison of Four Stainless Steel Heat Exchangers for Neonatal ECMO Applications
Authors: Darling Edward M. , King Curtis L. , Nanry Kathy , Smigla Greg , Shearer Ian R.
Published: August 2023

Conventional neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits utilize a heat exchanger distal to the oxygenator to replace ambient heat loss and maintain patient normothermia. A secondary function of the ECMO heat exchanger is to act as an arterial line bubble trap to protect the patient against accidental air embolism. Using an asanguinous recirculating test circuit, we measured and compared heat transfer properties, pressure drop, air trapping capabilities, and priming characteristics of four commercially available stainless steel heat exchangers currently being used in neonatal ECMO circuits: Avecor ECMOtherm, Gish HE-3, Gish HE-4, and Electromedics Dl079. Manufacturers' product specifications were also compared.

The pressure drop across all four heat exchangers was less than 10 mmHg with flow rates up to 500 ml/min. The Gish HE-3 and HE-4 were the easiest to prime and de-air, while the Electromedics Dl079 was the most difficult. The heat exchangers with integral bubble traps (D1079 and HE-4) have superior air trapping capabilities. The ECMOtherm provided moderate air trapping capabilities(> 7.3 ml ± 1.5 ml) at flow rates under 300 ml/min. The low prime HE-3 was the poorest at trapping air; less than 1 ml at a 400 ml/min pump flow rate. Thermal analysis indicated that the D1079 had the highest performance factor, though all four heat exchangers had similar heat transfer rates and were capable of warming perfusate from 34° to 37°C on a single pass at pump flow rates of 500 ml/min. We conclude that all four heat exchangers can adequately maintain patient normothermia in neonatal ECMO applications. There are, however, significant differences in priming volumes, air trapping capabilities, and manufacturers' recommended maximum use time.
Praxisanleitung in der Ausbildung zur Anästhesietechnischen Assistenz
Authors: Thomas-Krause Paul-Björn
Published: August 2023

Mit Einführung des ersten bundesrechtlich geregelten Gesetzes der Anästhesietechnischen und Operationstechnischen Assistenz und der nachfolgenden Ausbildungs- und Prüfungsverordnung treten verbindliche und ausdifferenzierte Regelungen bezüglich Praxisanleitung und -begleitung in Kraft. Der Beitrag erläutert die Termini Praxisanleitung und -begleitung sowie die einzelnen relevanten Regelungen der praktischen Ausbildung.
Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung bei der
Rehabilitation – Ergebnisse einer Befragung von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
Authors: Scharf Anna , Haug Sonja , Ritthaler Markus , Raptis Georgios
Published: August 2023

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie ist die Messung des Stands der
Digitalisierung und die mit einer Anbindung an die Telematikinfrastruktur
verbundenen Chancen und Herausforderungen für
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen.

Methodik Teilstandardisierte Online-Befragung bei Trägern von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Bayern (n=33). Der Fragebogen mit 36
Fragen beinhaltet eine leicht veränderte Skala auf Basis des
„Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)“.

Ergebnisse Der Digitalisierungsgrad wurde in 70 Prozent der
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen mit Stufe 0 angegeben (Stufenmodell bis 7). Die
Übermittlung patientenbezogener Daten (Eingang und Ausgang) erfolgt
häufig analog, wohingegen die Verarbeitung innerhalb der Einrichtung in
vielen Fällen bereits überwiegend digital ist. Beim Anschluss an
die Telematikinfrastruktur wird hoher Aufwand bei der Installation, aber auch
der Schulung des Personals und der Anpassung der Arbeitsorganisation
gesehen.

Schlussfolgerung Durch Änderung der gesetzlich-finanziellen Lage
in Deutschland eröffnen sich für Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
neue Möglichkeiten einer verstärkten Digitalisierung.
Hürden hängen mit Anforderungen an IT-Sicherheit, Schulung des
Personals und sowie dem ebenfalls geringen Digitalisierungsstand bei
Krankenhäusern und Ärzt*innen sowie
Patient*innen zusammen, die eine digitale Datenübermittlung
erschweren.
Medikamentöse Tumortherapie des mHSPC: Double- oder Tripletherapie: wer, wann und wie?
Authors: Paffenholz Pia , Roesch Marie Christine
Published: August 2023

Die alleinige Androgendeprivation (ADT) zur Therapie des metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinoms (mHSPC) stellt mittlerweile eine Ausnahme dar. Die derzeitige Standardtherapie des mHSPC besteht aus einer Kombination: entweder ADT + neuartigen Hormontherapie (NHT) oder ADT + Chemotherapie. Aufgrund neuester Studiendaten und einer entsprechenden Zulassung (in Deutschland) nimmt die dreifache Kombination bestehend aus ADT + NHT + Chemotherapie Einzug in die Therapie des mHSPC. Die komplexer werdende mHSPC-Therapie erfordert die prätherapeutische Einteilung in ein „low“ vs. „high risk“, „low“ vs. „high volume“ und synchron vs. metachron metastasiertes HSPC. Zudem muss das Nebenwirkungsprofil der einzelnen Optionen beachtet und insbesondere eingeschätzt werden, ob der Patient Chemotherapie-fit vs. -unfit ist. Diese Übersicht gibt einen prägnanten Überblick über die relevanten Studien sowie die entsprechenden derzeit gültigen Empfehlungen und Zulassungen für Deutschland.
DBU-Mediated Dimerization: Facile Access to 9,9′-Bifluorenylidenes and Isoindigos
Authors: Meesin Jatuporn , Purahong Nitchakan , Hongthong Sakchai , Chotsaeng Nawasit , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: August 2023

The present work describes the 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-promoted self-dimerization of 9-chlorofluorenes and 3-chlorooxindoles for the preparation of the corresponding 9,9′-bifluorenylidene and isoindigo derivatives in moderate to good yields of 29–97%. The reactions proceed readily in a short reaction time under mild and metal-free conditions. Scale-up syntheses (5.0 mmol) of selected 9,9′-bifluorenylidene derivatives proceed in decent yields, highlighting the synthetic utility of the reported protocol.
Stereogenic π-Conjugated Macrocycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Chiroptical Properties Including Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

Highly symmetrical and aesthetically pleasing molecules have attracted the attention of organic chemists. We synthesized new highly symmetric stereogenic π-conjugated macrocycles with planar or axial chirality. Macrocyclic oligomers synthesized by Yamamoto coupling or Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling from the π-unit containing chirality. These cyclization reactions gave multiple oligomers in relatively high yields. We then elucidated their structures and investigated their chiroptical properties, including circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Because of the selection rule for rigid and symmetric structures, these macrocycles exhibit a high dissymmetry factor (g
abs or g
lum) for circularly polarized light in CD or CPL. Several rigid cyclic compounds retain a highly symmetric structure in the excited state and exhibit higher g
lum values than common chiral organic compounds. This Account provides a brief background regarding chiroptical properties, followed by a summary of the various macrocycles synthesized in this study. We are glad if this Account will be a source of ideas not only for chemists working with π-conjugated compounds, but also for synthetic chemists working with chiral compounds, especially those engaged in asymmetric synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Brief Description of Chiroptical Properties

3 Stereogenic Macrocycle Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane

3.1 Stereogenic Double-decker Oligothiophene

3.2 Stereogenic Biselenophene Macrocycle

3.3 Helical Oligophenylene Linked with [2.2]Paracyclophane

4 Stereogenic Macrocycle Based on Binaphthyl

4.1 Cyclic Oligomer of Chiral Binaphthyl

4.2 Doubly Twisted Binaphthyl Dimer

4.3 Cyclic Oligomer of Binaphthyl Extended with Paraphenylene

4.4 Curved Helical Paraphenylene Anchoring Chiral Binaphthyl

4.5 Binaphthyl-Hinged [5]-Helicene

5 Summary
Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of Ferrum phosphoricum in Rats
Authors: Sharma Mahima , Behera Sangita , Regar Raj Kumar , Tripathi Deepika , Singh Satvinder , Kumar Narasimha G.V. , Gupta Pankaj
Published: August 2023

Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) has been used by traditional medicine practitioners for various ailments since ancient times. However, scientific evidence on the safety of FP is still unavailable. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of homeopathic FP in experimental rats.

Methods In an acute toxicity investigation, a single dose of 2,000 µL/kg of FP 6c, 30c and 200c was administered to female Wistar rats, which were monitored for up to 14 days according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. For a sub-acute toxicity study, FP 6c, 30c and 200c (200 µL/kg) were administered to male and female rats for 28 days as per the OECD guideline 407. All the animals were observed for mortality, clinical signs and body weight during the study. At the end of the experiment, hematological, biochemical and histopathological assessments were performed.

Results During the acute toxicity study, no mortality was observed in rats administered with FP, and thus the median lethal dose (LD50) was identified as >2,000 µL/kg. In the sub-acute study, no mortality or adverse clinical signs were noticed with FP treatment. Moreover, weekly body weight gain was normal. Hematological and biochemical investigations revealed no abnormalities. Furthermore, histological analysis of FP-treated rats' vital organs revealed no pathological changes.

Conclusion Overall, our findings imply that FP 6c, 30c and 200c potencies are safe and do not cause toxicity when given orally to Wistar albino rats for an extended period at a dose of 200 µL/kg.
Online for On Call: A Study Assessing the Use of Internet Resources Including ChatGPT among On-Call Radiology Residents in India
Authors: Sethi Humsheer Singh , Mohapatra Satya , Mali Chayasmita , Dubey Roopak
Published: August 2023

Background The information-seeking behavior of the radiology residents on call has undergone modernization in the recent times given the advent of easy to access, reliable online resources, and robust artificial intelligence chatbots such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT).

Purpose The aim of this study was to conduct a baseline analysis among the residents to understand the best way to meet information needs in the future, spread awareness about the existing resources, and narrow down to the most preferred online resource.

Methods and Materials A prospective, descriptive study was performed using an online survey instrument and was conducted among radiology residents in India. They were questioned on their demographics, frequency of on call, fatigue experienced on call, and preferred information resources and reasons for choosing them.

Results A total of 286 residents participated in the survey. All residents had used the Internet radiology resources during on-call duties. The most preferred resource material was Radiopaedia followed by Radiology Assistant. IMAIOS e-Anatomy was the most preferred anatomy resource. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference in relation to the use of closed edit peer-reviewed literature among the two batches with it being used almost exclusively by third year residents. In the artificial intelligence-aided ChatGPT section, 61.8% had used the software at least once while being on call, of them 57.6% responded that the information was inaccurate, 67.2% responded that the information was insufficient to aid in diagnosis, 100% felt that the lack of images in the software made it an unlikely resource that would be used by them in the future, and 85.8% agreed that they would use it for providing reporting templates in the future. In the suggestions for upcoming versions, 100% responded that images should be included in the description provide by the chatbot, and 74.5% felt that references for the information being provided should be included as it reaffirms the reliability of the information.

Conclusions Presently, we find that Radiopaedia met most of the requirements as an ideal online radiology resource according to the residents. In the present-day scenario, ChatGPT is not considered as an important on-call radiology education resource first because it lacks images which is quintessential for a budding radiologist, and second, it does not have any reference or proof for the information that it is providing. However, it may be of help to nonmedical professionals who need to understand radiology in layman's terms and to radiologists for patient report preparation and research writing.
Vom Wert der Anrede: „You can say ‘you’ to me”
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: August 2023

„Harry, hol schon mal den Wagen.“ Klingelt da etwas bei Ihnen? Die Krimiserie der 60er und 70er Jahre mit dem weißhaarigen und stets souveränen Kommissar, der seine – nebenbei rein männlichen – Mitarbeiter im Griff hatte und in der jeder wusste, was er tun sollte und wo sein Platz in der Hierarchie war. Der Kommissar duzte seine Mitarbeiter, die ihn wiederum selbstverständlich siezten, jeder Fall wurde gelöst und wir waren beruhigt, dass die Verbrecher gefasst wurden. Und Harry, ja der holte schon mal den Wagen.
Mitarbeiterbindung: Top-down war gestern
Authors: Eilers Susann
Published: August 2023

Der Arbeitsmarkt für Pflegekräfte ist nahezu leergefegt. Was Einrichtungen tun können, um Pflegekräfte anzulocken und zu halten, darüber hat kma mit Carsten Eichhorn, Pflegedirektor der Ameos Einrichtungen Oberhausen, gesprochen.
Variations of Redox Balance in Different Stages of Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Medovic Rasa H. , Srejovic Ivan M. , Medovic Marija V. , Milosavljevic Isidora M. , Nikolic Marina R. , Stojanovic Aleksandra Z. , Kuzmanovic Milos B. , Djurdjevic Predrag M. , Bolevich Sergey B. , Fisenko Vladimir P. , Jakovljevic Vladimir Lj. , Igrutinovic Zoran R.
Published: August 2023

Background Few previous studies indicated the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), but there are little data regarding changes in redox balance in different forms of the disease, and changes after therapeutic procedures. We aimed to investigate the values of pro-oxidants and antioxidative capacity in various forms of ITP before and after the applying therapy.

Materials and Methods The research included 102 children, classified into the following groups: (1) newly diagnosed ITP (ndITP), (2) persistent ITP, (3) chronic ITP (chITP), and (4) control groups: (A) healthy control and (B) previously experienced ITP—healthy children who had been suffering from ITP earlier. During the clinical assessment, a blood sample was taken from the patients, from which the value of pro-oxidants (index of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS, nitrites [NO2
−], as measurement of nitric oxide [NO] production, superoxide anion radical [O2
−], and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) and the capacity of antioxidant protection (activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and quantity of reduced glutathione) were determined spectrophotometrically.

Results Our results demonstrated that values of pro-oxidants, especially reflected through the TBARS and O2
−, were the highest in the ndITP and exacerbated chITP groups. Also, the activity of the endogenous antioxidative defense system was the lowest in these groups. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the ndITP group exerted the most prominent effect on the redox balance.

Conclusion It can be concluded that severity and exacerbation of the ITP are closely related to the redox status.
Dance as a liberating practice into divine darkness?: A systematic theologian re-reads Philo of Alexandria’s descriptions of dance
Authors: Hellsten Laura
Published: August 2023

In this article, I show how a deeper understanding of Lived Theology can enrich discussions about historical dance practices. I elaborate on the teachings of Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BCE–50) and how his descriptions of dancing indicate that such practices may be understood as worship and contemplation. I further suggest that dancing in Philo’s texts, especially On the Contemplative Life, can be understood as an exegetical practice. I describe how a supersessionist logic insensitive to traditions of Lived Theology has operated in the theological discourse on Philo and thus has been unable to recognise these dimensions of the described dancing.
Families of children with disabilities: income poverty, material deprivation, and unpaid care in the UK
Authors: Nicoriciu Ana Maria , Elliot Mark
Published: August 2023

Child disability and provision of unpaid care by parents may contribute to a family’s poverty status. In this paper, using data from the Family Resources Survey-2018/19, a sample of 5451 families with dependent children was analysed. Sub-samples were created based on the groups of interest: child disability vs no child disability within the family and unpaid care vs no unpaid care for children with disabilities. Logistic regression models show sociodemographic factors have similar effects on children’s material deprivation and after housing costs poverty across all groups. In contrast, having children with no disability has higher odds of after housing costs poverty.
Digital holographic interferometry for diagnosing the density profile of laser-produced collisionless shock
Authors: Si Hua-chong , Tang Hui-bo , Liu Wei , Yuan Peng , Hu Guang-yue
Published: August 2023

A digital holographic interferometry based on Fresnel biprism has been developed to measure the electron density profile of laser-produced collisionless shocks in laboratory, which used the Fourier transform method to solve the wrapped phase. The discontinuous surfaces of shocks will produce the break and split of the interference fringes, which cannot be processed by the conventional path-following phase unwrapping algorithm when reconstructing the real phase of the plasma. Therefore, we used a least-squares method to extract the real phase, which is proportional to the line-integrated electron density. We obtained fine density profiles of collisionless shocks in the line-integrated density region around 1018 cm−2 with a density resolution of 3.38 × 1016 cm−2. The shock structure is in well agreement with that measured by the dark-field schlieren methods and that predicted by shock jump condition. Synthetic holograms are used to confirm the effectiveness of our algorithm, and it is shown that correct results can still be obtained even if part of the diagnostic light is refracted out of the optical system by the shock.
Sagdeev pseudopotential analysis of nonlinear periodic ion-acoustic plasma waves
Authors: Verheest Frank , Olivier Carel P.
Published: August 2023

A Sagdeev pseudopotential analysis is developed for the propagation of nonlinear periodic ion-acoustic waves in a plasma comprising cold fluid ions and Boltzmann electrons. To achieve a mathematically and physically consistent description, three essential requirements have to be obeyed: There is charge flux and mass conservation per cycle for both the species, the solutions reduce for very small amplitudes to linear waves, and the nonlinear periodic structures are generated by a perturbation of the undisturbed equilibrium. This is needed because many treatments in the literature of similar problems give inconsistent results, failing on one or more of the stated conditions, whether a reductive perturbation or a pseudopotential analysis is used. Once the Sagdeev pseudopotential is established, a detailed numerical analysis and a variety of graphical representations indicate that the periodic nonlinear structures are mostly subacoustic, in contrast to the better known supersonic solitons for the same or related plasma compositions. For a fixed propagation speed, it is shown that the wavelength of the solutions increases with amplitude.
Turbulence spreading and its effects on the edge flows and turbulence during sawtooth cycles in the J-TEXT tokamak plasmas
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Zhao Kaijun , Yang Zhoujun , Chen Zhipeng , Guo Zhibin , Dong Jiaqi , Itoh K. , Chen Zhongyong , Shi Yuejiang , Ding Yonghua , Li Jiquan , Xie Yaoyu , Zhang Huaiqiang , Chen Yuqian , Li Ran , Cao Xiaogang , Du Junjie , Jiang Jiaming , Zhang Guoshu , Cheng Jun , Xu Jianqiang , Xiang Lin , Wang Nengchao , Wang Lu , Liang Yunfeng ,   J-TEXT team
Published: August 2023

Turbulence spreading and its effects on the edge flows and turbulence during sawtooth cycles in the J-TEXT tokamak plasmas are presented. These experiments were performed by Langmuir probe array and electron cyclotron emission. This study aims to understand the rapid transport phenomenon and the role of turbulence in driving flows. Beyond the mixing radius, the turbulence pulse moves faster than the sawtooth heat pulses. The results confirm the existence of turbulence spreading during sawtooth cycles. As the turbulence and heat pulses propagate to the edge, the edge turbulence, radial electric fields, pressures, and geodesic acoustic modes are all enhanced. Hysteresis relationships between the intensities of the turbulence and the radial electric fields are observed. The radial electric field lags behind the turbulence, and its intensity increases/decreases almost linearly with the increase/decrease in the turbulence intensity. The observation suggests that the edge flows are driven dominantly by turbulence during sawtooth cycles. The weakening/enhancement of the edge flows accompanies the increase/decrease in the ion collision rates during sawtooth cycles.
Growth of Bi2Te3 topological insulator ultra-thin layers via molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (100)
Authors: Rodrigues Leonarde N. , de Araujo C. I. L. , Mello S. L. A. , Laverock J. , Fonseca Jakson M. , Schwarzacher W. , Inoch Wesley F. , Ferreira Sukarno O.
Published: August 2023

Ultra-thin layers (<8 nm) of a Bi2Te3 topological insulator have been grown on GaAs (100) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth was performed from a single Bi2Te3 effusion cell and one source of extra tellurium. Optical and structural characterizations were carried out through Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The topological insulator properties were also investigated by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. A layer of 5 nm showed Dirac cone-like linear electronic band dispersion, indicating the signature of a topological insulator with the Dirac point having large binding energy relative to the Fermi level as expected for ultra-thin films. Topological insulator properties were also investigated at the initial growth stage where deposition follows an islandlike growth mode. Our results can contribute to the development of practical chalcogenide-based thin-film spintronics devices.
Performance optimization of self-powered deep ultraviolet photodetector based on PEDOT:PSS/SnO2 organic/inorganic p–n heterojunction by embedding a nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Fu Shihao , Song Renjing , Wang YueFei , Fu RongPeng , Han Yurui , Gao Chong , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Li Bingsheng , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun
Published: August 2023

A self-powered organic–inorganic p–n heterojunction deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetector (PD) was fabricated based on the polymer poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), with an in situ transferred composite film PEDOT:PSS-nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr)-coated SnO2 microwire. At 0 V bias, the responsivity spectra of these two heterojunction PDs both had a broadband response in the range of 200–400 nm. The introduction of NGr helped to reduce the surface state of SnO2 and improve the shortwave response, resulting in a blue shift of peak position from 280 to 250 nm. Compared with PEDOT:PSS/SnO2 PD, the light–dark current ratio of the PEDOT:PSS-NGr/SnO2 PD was improved three orders of magnitude from 24.76 to 2.51 × 104; the detectivity was increased by 40 times from 1.45 × 1011 to 5.85 × 1012 Jones; and the response speed was accelerated to less than 1 s (with rise and decay times of 0.35 and 0.14 s, respectively). The performance improvement was attributed to the intermediate layer NGr forming a heterojunction with SnO2, which broadened the depletion layer of PEDOT:PSS/SnO2 and increased the strength of the built-in electric field, thereby reducing carrier recombination and boosting the response speed. These findings indicate that introducing NGr is an effective way to modify detector performance.
High responsivity p-GaSe/n-Si van der Waals heterojunction phototransistor with a Schottky barrier collector for ultraviolet to near-infrared band detection
Authors: Gao Yifan , Cai Xinwei , Li Shuo , Wu Qiang , Lin Guangyang , Li Cheng
Published: August 2023

Broadband high-performance photodetector operating at ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) wavelengths is critical for numerous applications ranging from environmental sensing, medical diagnostics, to high-resolution spectroscopy. In this Letter, a p-GaSe/n-Si van der Waals heterojunction phototransistor (HPT) with a Schottky barrier (SB) collector on silicon-on-insulator is proposed and demonstrated to secure sensitive detection at UV (270 nm) to near-IR (1500 nm) wavelengths. Remarkable responsivities of 114 A/W at 275 nm and 1.3 A/W at 1550 nm as well as large specific detectivities of >1011 Jones at 275 nm and 1.1 × 109 Jones at 1500 nm are achieved. The absorption of UV and visible light mainly occurs in GaSe emitter and Si base. While the construction of Pt/n-Si SB enables extended IR response (>1107 nm) by the internal photoemission effect (IPE) and effectively suppresses the dark current of the HPT to a low value of 0.5 nA at a bias of 5 V simultaneously. The huge hole/electron injection ratio resulted from the large energy bandgap offset between GaSe and Si significantly amplifies the photocurrent. In combination with the resonant cavity modulation effect, a high photocurrent gain is produced in the HPT. These results demonstrate that the two-terminal mixed-dimensional p-GaSe/n-Si HPT with a SB collector is a promising candidate for extending the response wavelength to both UV and NIR bands.
Temperature dependence of resistivity of carbon micro/nanostructures: Microscale spatial distribution with mixed metallic and semiconductive behaviors
Authors: Karamati Amin , Deng Cheng , Qu Wangda , Bai Xianglan , Xu Shen , Eres Gyula , Wang Xinwei
Published: August 2023

The temperature coefficient of resistivity (θT) of carbon-based materials is a critical property that directly determines their electrical response upon thermal impulses. It could have metal- (positive) or semiconductor-like (negative) behavior, depending on the combined temperature dependence of electron density and electron scattering. Its distribution in space is very difficult to measure and is rarely studied. Here, for the first time, we report that carbon-based micro/nanoscale structures have a strong non-uniform spatial distribution of θT. This distribution is probed by measuring the transient electro-thermal response of the material under extremely localized step laser heating and scanning, which magnifies the local θT effect in the measured transient voltage evolution. For carbon microfibers (CMFs), after electrical current annealing, θT varies from negative to positive from the sample end to the center with a magnitude change of >130% over <1 mm. This θT sign change is confirmed by directly testing smaller segments from different regions of an annealed CMF. For micro-thick carbon nanotube bundles, θT is found to have a relative change of >125% within a length of ∼2 mm, uncovering strong metallic to semiconductive behavior change in space. Our θT scanning technique can be readily extended to nm-thick samples with μm scanning resolution to explore the distribution of θT and provide a deep insight into the local electron conduction.
Broadband low-frequency sound-absorbing metastructure based on an impedance-matching coiled-up cavity with continuously variable cross section
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Zeng Xiangyang , Ren Shuwei , Sun Wei , Zeng Yan , Wang Haitao , Lei Ye
Published: August 2023

Proposed here is a metastructure based on a micro-perforated panel and an impedance-matching coiled-up cavity with continuously variable cross section, which achieves perfect absorption with a resonant frequency of 496 Hz and an absolute bandwidth (α ≥ 0.5) of 468 Hz. The structure thickness is ca. 1/13 of the operating wavelength λ in the deep subwavelength range. A relative bandwidth of 84.04%–111.67% is achieved through parametric studies. Physically, the continuous variation of the cavity cross section through which sound waves enter weakens the acoustic reflections generated by cross-sectional abruptness and enhances the impedance matching with the air. Furthermore, particle swarm optimization is coupled with a theoretical model to tailor the metastructure to realize the maximum absorption coefficient in the defined frequency range. It is shown theoretically that coherent coupling “weak resonance”—in which each unit individually exhibits imperfect absorption peaks—significantly improves the absorption performance in a broad frequency band through the coherent coupling effect. Finally, a hybrid metastructure using a parallel coupling sample is fabricated, and its acoustic properties are measured in an impedance tube. The average absorption coefficient of this metastructure is 0.934 in the quasi-perfect band (α > 0.9) from 400 to 650 Hz, and the thickness is only ca. λ/15. The unique innovation of a cavity with continuously variable cross section provides new ideas for designing broadband low-frequency sound-absorbing metastructures.
On the flexoelectric-like effect of Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Ma Qianqian , Wen Xin , Lv Lingtong , Deng Qian , Shen Shengping
Published: August 2023

The enhanced flexoelectric-like effect in oxide semiconductors has outstanding properties that compare favorably with those of high-K materials, and this finding has stimulated research aimed at enhancing flexoelectricity of such materials. However, the effective flexoelectric coefficient approaches limits under different doping methods, which implies that there are still some fundamental questions that need to be addressed. In this context, we revisit the origin of the flexoelectric-like effect in oxide semiconductors, which differs significantly from flexoelectricity in dielectrics. The effective flexoelectric coefficient of Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystals increases with a larger doping concentration of Nb and is linearly proportional to the reciprocal of the depletion layer width, which is consistent with the theoretical model. More interestingly, due to the doping with Nb, the sign of the flexoelectric-like effect is reversed, which emphasizes the distinction from intrinsic flexoelectricity. Despite the contribution of electrons, frequency-scan measurements indicate that the presence of oxygen vacancies has a crucial impact on flexoelectricity at low frequencies. These results provide insights into semiconductor flexoelectricity and provide a strategy for enhancing the flexoelectric-like effect by optimizing the depletion layer.
Measurement setup to simultaneously explore the location and energy of trapped charges in thin polymer films
Authors: Mendoza-Lopez Duvan , Berquez Laurent , Boudou Laurent , Teyssedre Gilbert
Published: August 2023

This research proposes a unique system that combines charge density measurements by the laser intensity modulation method with optically excited current acquisitions using the photo-stimulated discharge technique (PSD). The purpose of this setup is to investigate the relationship between space charge properties (such as density, spatial depth, and time evolution) and the photocurrent-associated energies in order to gain new insights into the trap population and detrapping mechanisms in thin polymer films. This paper presents a description of the technical principles of both methods as well as the whole combined system. The results on a 12 μm-thick polyethylene naphthalate film show pyroelectric currents, which after processing indicate the formation of homocharges whose magnitude and depth decrease after light irradiation. The PSD currents allow the identification of two major energy bands at 3.4 and 5.9 eV (360 and 207 nm, respectively), possibly related to charge detrapping. In addition, current transients during constant wavelength irradiation show that incident photons can interact differently with trapped charges depending on the applied field.
Self-powered deep ultraviolet PIN photodetectors with excellent response performance based on Ga2O3 epitaxial films grown on p-GaN
Authors: Chen Rongrong , Wang Di , Han Xinyu , Feng Bo , Zhu Hongyan , Luan Caina , Ma Jin , Xiao Hongdi
Published: August 2023

PIN-type self-powered deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors (PDs) based on Ta doped n-Ga2O3/i-Ga2O3/p-GaN structures with different i-Ga2O3 layer thicknesses were prepared. In the structure, a Ta element in the doped Ga2O3 epitaxial layer should be substitutional doping, which can be confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. With increasing thickness (0–90 nm) of the i-Ga2O3 layer, the crystal quality of the deposited epitaxial films is gradually improved, but the performance of corresponding PDs does not increase monotonically. The PD with an i-layer thickness of c.30 nm under zero bias shows the best response performance such as maximum photoresponsivity (8.67 A/W), good detectability (1.08 × 1014 Jones), and fast response/decay time (86/50 ms) under 222-nm-UV-light illumination. Such good performance should be attributed to the competition between the high photogenerated carriers and the low electric field, whereas the competition is caused by broadening of the depletion region. This research provides an improved and easy method for fabricating high-performance self-powered DUV PDs.
Resonance theory and quantum dynamics simulations of vibrational polariton chemistry
Authors: Ying Wenxiang , Huo Pengfei
Published: August 2023

We present numerically exact quantum dynamics simulations using the hierarchical equation of motion approach to investigate the resonance enhancement of chemical reactions due to the vibrational strong coupling (VSC) in polariton chemistry. The results reveal that the cavity mode acts like a “rate-promoting vibrational mode” that enhances the ground state chemical reaction rate constant when the cavity mode frequency matches the vibrational transition frequency. The exact simulation predicts that the VSC-modified rate constant will change quadratically as the light–matter coupling strength increases. When changing the cavity lifetime from the lossy limit to the lossless limit, the numerically exact results predict that there will be a turnover of the rate constant. Based on the numerical observations, we present an analytic rate theory to explain the observed sharp resonance peak of the rate profile when tuning the cavity frequency to match the quantum transition frequency of the vibrational ground state to excited states. This rate theory further explains the origin of the broadening of the rate profile. The analytic rate theory agrees with the numerical results under the golden rule limit and the short cavity lifetime limit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytic theory that is able to explain the sharp resonance behavior of the VSC-modified rate profile when coupling an adiabatic ground state chemical reaction to the cavity. We envision that both the numerical analysis and the analytic theory will offer invaluable theoretical insights into the fundamental mechanism of the VSC-induced rate constant modifications in polariton chemistry.
Chiral-induced spin selectivity in photo-induced electron transfer: Investigating charge and spin dynamics in a master equation framework
Authors: Macaluso Emilio , Chiesa Alessandro , Santini Paolo , Bittl Robert , Carretta Stefano
Published: August 2023

Investigating the role of chiral-induced spin selectivity in the generation of spin correlated radical pairs in a photoexcited donor–chiral bridge–acceptor system is fundamental to exploit it in quantum technologies. This requires a minimal master equation description of both charge separation and recombination through a chiral bridge. To achieve this without adding complexity and entering in the microscopic origin of the phenomenon, we investigate the implications of spin-polarizing reaction operators to the master equation. The explicit inclusion of coherent evolution yields non-trivial behaviors in the charge and spin dynamics of the system. Finally, we apply this master equation to a setup comprising a molecular qubit attached to the donor–bridge–acceptor molecule, enabling qubit initialization, control, and read-out. Promising results are found by simulating this sequence of operations assuming realistic parameters and achievable experimental conditions.