bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of animal‐assisted interventions on depression, agitation and quality of life in nursing home residents suffering from cognitive impairment or dementia: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Olsen Christine , Pedersen Ingeborg , Bergland Astrid , Enders‐Slegers Marie‐José , Patil Grete , Ihlebæk Camilla
Published: January 2016

Objectives

The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in cognitively impaired nursing home residents is known to be very high, with depression and agitation being the most common symptoms. The possible effects of a 12‐week intervention with animal‐assisted activities (AAA) in nursing homes were studied. The primary outcomes related to depression, agitation and quality of life (QoL).

Method

A prospective, cluster randomized multicentre trial with a follow‐up measurement 3 months after end of intervention was used. Inclusion criteria were men and women aged 65 years or older, with a diagnosis of dementia or having a cognitive deficit. Ten nursing homes were randomized to either AAA with a dog or a control group with treatment as usual. In total, 58 participants were recruited: 28 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The intervention consisted of a 30‐min session with AAA twice weekly for 12 weeks in groups of three to six participants, led by a qualified dog handler. Norwegian versions of the Cornell Scale for Depression, the Brief Agitation Rating Scale and the Quality of Life in Late‐stage Dementia scale were used.

Results

A significant effect on depression and QoL was found for participants with severe dementia at follow‐up. For QoL, a significant effect of AAA was also found immediately after the intervention. No effects on agitation were found.

Conclusions

Animal‐assisted activities may have a positive effect on symptoms of depression and QoL in older people with dementia, especially those in a late stage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling monthly near‐surface maximum daily gust speed distributions in Southwest Germany
Authors: Jung Christopher , Schindler Dirk
Published: January 2016

This study deals with high spatial resolution modelling of near‐surface gust speed distributions in a complex region. The database on which gust speed distributions were modelled includes 69 daily maximum gust speed time series provided by the German Weather Service (DWD) for the period 1979–2013. Comparability of the time series was achieved by gap filling, homogenisation, detrending and measuring height correction. Monthly empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDFemp) were fitted by 48 continuous theoretical cumulative distribution functions (CDF). The best‐fitting CDF was identified by evaluating the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic (D), probability–probability (P–P) plots and quantile–quantile (Q–Q) plots. The five‐parameter Wakeby distribution (WK5) was found to be the most appropriate CDF for all months. Therefore, monthly WK5‐parameters were modelled on a 50 × 50 m resolution grid by an LSBoost approach based on sector‐ and distance‐limited predictors of surface roughness and terrain‐related variables (curvature, elevation, topographic exposure) as well as on ERA‐Interim reanalysis wind speed data available at the 850 hPa pressure level (U850hPa). The final, modelled WK5‐distributions (WK5mod) yield monthly quantiles (Fdistr) of daily gust speed values and return periods (RPdistr) of near‐surface gust speed up to 10 years.
Free‐volume nanostructural transformation in crystallized GeS2–Ga2S3–CsCl glasses
Authors: Klym H. , Ingram A. , Shpotyuk O.
Published: January 2016

The free‐volume nanostructural transformation in fully crystallized (80GeS2–20Ga2S3)100–x(CsCl)x, x = 0; 5; 10; 15 chalcogenide glasses was studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy using mixed positron‐ and positronium‐trapping modes. The CsCl content in GeS2–Ga2S3 glassy matrix changed the defect‐related component in positron lifetime spectra and confirmed the structural void agglomeration in comparison with the base glass. A larger amount of CsCl in (80GeS2–20Ga2S3)85(CsCl)15 glass resulted in void fragmentation due to loosening of the structure. “Pure” positron‐positronium modes calculated by a decomposition formalism show that a realistic process is connected with the expansion of voids formed as a consequence of CsCl addition and complete crystallization into the inner structure of glasses. The CsCl additive formed new positron‐trapping sites in the Ge–Ga–S glassy matrix. The bulk positron lifetime in glasses corresponded to positron trapping occurring in nanocrystalline particles. Interface voids were not particularly large because the characteristic value of 0.27–0.30 ns can be connected with typical free volumes of mono‐ and di‐vacancies.
A Topsis‐Based Approach for Prioritized Aggregation in Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Problems
Authors: Omar Moataz Nabil , Fayek Aminah Robinson
Published: January 2016

Aggregation in multi‐criteria decision‐making environments is a process of combining the values of a set of attributes into one representative value for the entire set of attributes. Many aggregation methods—ranging from the simple averaging approach to more sophisticated methods, such as ordered weighted averaging—have been applied in previous research. One challenge in aggregation arises in special cases of prioritized aggregation, wherein the prioritized relationships between attributes must be considered during aggregation. This paper presents a new approach to aggregating attributes with prioritized relationships. First, an overview of past research is conducted to identify different aggregation methods, classes and properties. Next, the concept of prioritized aggregation is explained in detail. A prioritized aggregation method utilizing the technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution is then presented. Subsequently, the presented prioritized aggregation method is applied on an actual case study. According to the results, the aggregation method presented in this paper is, through the application of technique of order preference by similarity to ideal solution, capable of quantifying and considering the prioritized relationship between a set of attributes undergoing aggregation. Finally, conclusions are stated, and a discussion describing future work pertinent to this paper is presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new multi‐scale dispersive gradient elasticity model with micro‐inertia: Formulation and ‐finite element implementation
Authors: Domenico Dario De , Askes Harm
Published: January 2016

Motivated by nano‐scale experimental evidence on the dispersion characteristics of materials with a lattice structure, a new multi‐scale gradient elasticity model is developed. In the framework of gradient elasticity, the simultaneous presence of acceleration and strain gradients has been denoted as dynamic consistency. This model represents an extension of an earlier dynamically consistent model with an additional micro‐inertia contribution to improve the dispersion behaviour. The model can therefore be seen as an enhanced dynamic extension of the Aifantis' 1992 strain‐gradient theory for statics obtained by including two acceleration gradients in addition to the strain gradient. Compared with the previous dynamically consistent model, the additional micro‐inertia term is found to improve the prediction of wave dispersion significantly and, more importantly, requires no extra computational cost. The fourth‐order equations are rewritten in two sets of symmetric second‐order equations so that
‐continuity is sufficient in the finite element implementation. Two sets of unknowns are identified as the microstructural and macrostructural displacements, thus highlighting the multi‐scale nature of the present formulation. The associated energy functionals and variationally consistent boundary conditions are presented, after which the finite element equations are derived. Considerable improvements over previous gradient models are observed as confirmed by two numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting to a better ‘PLACE’
Authors: Kirby Roger
Published: January 2016

The New Year is a good time to help our patients get their weight down. The PLACE mnemonic is one device that we can use to remind patients where to focus their efforts.
LipoCEST and cellCEST imaging agents: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Ferrauto Giuseppe , Delli Castelli Daniela , Di Gregorio Enza , Terreno Enzo , Aime Silvio
Published: January 2016

From the early days of CEST agents’ disclosure, it was evident that their potential for in vivo applications was strongly hampered by the intrinsic low sensitivity. Therefore, much work has been devoted to seek out suitable routes to achieve strong CEST contrast enhancement. The use of nanosized systems turned out to be a strategic choice, because a very large amount of CEST agents can be delivered at the site of interest. However, the breakthrough innovation in term of increase of sensitivity was found by designing the lipoCEST agents. The naturally inspired, liposomes vesicles, when loaded with paramagnetic lanthanide‐based shift reagents, can be transformed into CEST probes. The large number of water molecules entrapped inside the inner cavity of the nanovesicles represents an enormous pool of exchanging protons for the generation of CEST contrast, whereas the presence of the shift reagent increases the separation in chemical shift of their nuclear magnetic resonance signal from that of the bulk water, thus allowing for a proper exchange regime for the activation of CEST contrast. From lipoCEST, it has been rather straightforward to evolve to cellCEST in order to exploit the cytoplasmatic water molecules as source of the CEST effect, once cells have been loaded with the proper shift reagent. The red blood cells were found to be particularly suitable for the development of the cellCEST concept. Finally, an understanding of the main determinants of the CEST effects in nanosized and cellular‐sized agents has allowed the design of innovative lipoCEST/RBC aggregates for potential theranostic applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:602–618. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1385

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures
Analysis of the spectacular gold and silver from the Moche tomb ‘Señora de Cao’
Authors: Cesareo R. , Franco Jordan R. , Fernandez A. , Bustamante A. , Fabian J. , del Pilar Zambrano S. , Azeredo S. , Lopes R. T. , Ingo G. M. , Riccucci C. , Di Carlo G. , Gigante G. E.
Published: January 2016

On the north coast of present‐day Peru, between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean, approximately between 100 and 600 ad, the Moche civilization prospered. The Moche were very sophisticated artisans and metal smiths, so that they are considered the finest producers of jewels and artifacts of the region. Their metalworking ability was impressively demonstrated by the excavations of the tomb of the ‘Lady of Cao’ (dated around third–fourth centuryad) discovered by Regulo Franco in 2005. Impressive is the beauty of the artifacts, and also the variety of metallurgical solutions, demonstrated by not only the presence of objects composed of gold and silver alloys but also of gilded copper, gilded silver, and tumbaga, a poor gold Cu‐Au alloy subject to depletion gilding.

About 100 metal artifacts from the tomb of the Lady of Cao, never before analyzed, were studied by using various portable equipments based on following non‐destructive and non‐invasive methods:

energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence with completely portable equipments;

transmission of monenergetic X‐rays;

radiographic techniques; and

optical microscopy.

Gold objects and gold areas of nose decorations are characterized by approximately the same composition, that is,Au = (79.5 ± 2.5) %,Ag = (16 ± 3) %, andCu = (4.5 ± 1.5) %, while silver objects and silver areas of the same nose decorations show completely erratic results, and a systematic high gold concentration. Many gilded copper and tumbaga artifacts were identified and analyzed. Further, soldering gold–silver was specifically studied by radiographs.

Additional measurements are needed, particularly because of the suspect that depletion gilding was systematically employed also in the case of some nose decorations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review
Authors: Callewaert Geertje , Bosteels Jan , Housmans Susanne , Verguts Jasper , Van Cleynenbreugel Ben , Van der Aa Frank , De Ridder Dirk , Vergote Ignace , Deprest Jan
Published: January 2016

The use of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has gained popularity in the field of gynaecology, including pelvic floor surgery. To assess the benefits of RAS, we conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic and robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy. The Cochrane Library (1970–January 2015), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2015), and EMBASE (1974 to January 2015) were searched, as well as ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We identified two randomized trials (n = 78) comparing laparoscopic with robotic sacrocolpopexy. The Paraiso 2011 study showed that laparoscopic was faster than robotic sacrocolpopexy (199 ± 46 vs. 265 ± 50 min; p < .001), yet in the ACCESS trial, no difference was present (225 ± 62.3 vs. 246.5 ± 51.3 min; p = .110). Costs for using the robot were significantly higher in both studies, however, in the ACCESS trial, only when purchase and maintenance of the robot was included (LSC US$11,573 ± 3191 vs. RASC US$19,616 ± 3135; p < .001). In the Paraiso study, RASC was more expensive even without considering those costs (LSC US$ 14,342 ± 2941 vs. RASC 16,278 ± 3326; p = 0.008). Pain was reportedly higher after RASC, although at different time points after the operation. There were no differences in anatomical outcomes, pelvic floor function, and quality of life. The experience with RASC was tenfold lower than that with LSC in both studies. The heterogeneity between the two studies precluded a meta-analysis. Based on small randomized studies, with surgeons less experienced in RAS than in laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery significantly increases the cost of a laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. RASC would be more sustainable if its costs would be lower. Though RASC may have other benefits, such as reduction of the learning curve and increased ergonomics or dexterity, these remain to be demonstrated.
Whey protein concentrate enhances intestinal integrity and influences transforming growth factor-β1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge
Authors: Xiao Kan , Jiao Lefei , Cao Shuting , Song Zehe , Hu Caihong , Han Xinyan
Published: January 2016

Whey protein concentrate (WPC) has been reported to have protective effects on the intestinal barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important component in the WPC, but whether TGF-β1 plays a role in these processes is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of WPC on the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as whether TGF-β1 is involved in these protection processes in a piglet model after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. In total, eighteen weanling pigs were randomly allocated to one of the following three treatment groups: (1) non-challenged control and control diet; (2) LPS-challenged control and control diet; (3) LPS+5 %WPC diet. After 19 d of feeding with control or 5 %WPC diets, pigs were injected with LPS or saline. At 4 h after injection, pigs were killed to harvest jejunal samples. The results showed that WPC improved (P<0·05) intestinal morphology, as indicated by greater villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio, and intestinal barrier function, which was reflected by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased mucosal-to-serosal paracellular flux of dextran (4 kDa), compared with the LPS group. Moreover, WPC prevented the LPS-induced decrease (P<0·05) in claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludens-1 expressions in the jejunal mucosae. WPC also attenuated intestinal inflammation, indicated by decreased (P<0·05) mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β. Supplementation with WPC also increased (P<0·05) TGF-β1 protein, phosphorylated-Smad2 expression and Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA expressions and decreased (P<0·05) the ratios of the phosphorylated to total c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 (phospho-JNK:JNK and p-p38:p38), whereas it increased (P<0·05) the ratio of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (phospho-ERK:ERK). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary inclusion of WPC attenuates the LPS-induced intestinal injury by improving mucosal barrier function, alleviating intestinal inflammation and influencing TGF-β1 canonical Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways.
Les modalisateurs émergents en français contemporain: présentation théorique et études de cas
Authors: SIOUFFI GILLES , STEUCKARDT AGNÈS , WIONET CHANTAL
Published: January 2016

Cet article explicite les points de départ théoriques de la réunion d’études empiriques présentée ici. Une première partie oppose « émergence » et « évolution » et précise en quoi l’approche émergentiste peut être stimulante pour aborder des faits d’usage transitoires qui se signalent par leur lien fort avec le discours. Une deuxième partie étudie les termes circulant actuellement dans la terminologie linguistique, et justifie le choix demodalisateurpar rapport, notamment, àmarqueur discursif. La dernière partie présente les études de cas réunies et formule l’enjeu de la recherche, à la fois sur la diachronie et sur les manières d’aborder la langue.
Improving Accessibility for Students with Visual Disabilities in the Technology-Rich Classroom
Authors: Taylor Michael A.
Published: January 2016

As higher education has increasingly embraced digital technologies, we have been too slow to acknowledge accessibility issues for students with visual disabilities. One of the earliest promises of information and communication technology was increased accessibility to content. In theory, digitized content should be as equally accessible as the printed word on a screen, a braille keyboard, or an audible voice on a speaker. In the majority of educational technology, this promise has gone unfulfilled, and faculty members are largely unaware of the myriad obstacles that students with visual disabilities confront while navigating the technology-rich classroom. The principles of Universal Design in Instruction (UDI) provide guidance for developing curriculum that maximizes accessibility and usability of course content for all learners, including those with disabilities. This article examines the development of political science courses through the lens of UDI.
Twinsters the Movie: Reared Apart Twins in Real Time/Research Reviews: Heteropagus Twin; Schizophrenia Liability; Twin Study of Epigenetics and Homosexuality; Transgender-Discordant Twins/In the News: The Passing of Jack Yufe; An Unusual Twin Father; Identical Twin Models I; Identical Twin Models II; Twin Marines of World War II
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: January 2016

The 2015 documentary film Twinsters, tells the story of reared-apart MZ female twins, Samantha (Sam) Futerman and Anaïs Bordier. Born in South Korea, the twins were adopted separately as babies by couples living in the United States (Sam) and France (Anaïs). Their chance discovery of one another and their subsequent reunion and relationship are beautifully captured in the 2015 documentary film, Twinsters. Recent interviews with some of their family members are presented in Twin Research and Human Genetics for the first time. This is followed by brief reviews of recent twin research on a heteropagus twin, schizophrenia liability, epigenetics and homosexuality, and transgender-discordant twins. Finally, some newsworthy items are summarized, including the passing of reared-apart MZ twin Jack Yufe, an unusual twin father; identical twin models I; identical twin models II; and a pair of twin marines.
A superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-90) with high steam stability for efficient recovery of bioalcohols
Authors: Liu Chuanyao , Liu Qian , Huang Aisheng
Published: January 2016

A superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-90) with high steam stability is prepared for bio-alcohol recovery through post-functionalization via an amine condensation reaction.
Host-only solid-state near-infrared light-emitting electrochemical cells based on interferometric spectral tailoring
Authors: Hsu Jia-Hong , Su Hai-Ching
Published: January 2016

NIR EL can be achieved by adjusting the device thickness of non-doped saturated red LECs.
Deferasirox loaded on fumed silica nanoparticles used in cancer treatment
Authors: Taghavi Faezeh , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Saljooghi Amir Sh.
Published: January 2016

Fumed silica nanoparticles loaded with deferasirox are three and five times more cytotoxic than cisplatin and deferasirox against MDA-MB-23, respectively.
Discoveries, target identifications, and biological applications of natural products that inhibit splicing factor 3B subunit 1
Authors: Pham Dianne , Koide Kazunori
Published: January 2016

The natural products FR901464, pladienolide, and herboxidiene were discovered as activators of reporter gene systems. They were later found to inhibit the spliceosome.
Synthesis of 1,1-diboronate esters by cobalt-catalyzed sequential hydroboration of terminal alkynes
Authors: Zuo Ziqing , Huang Zheng
Published: January 2016

Co-catalyzed sequential hydroborations of alkyl and aryl alkynes with pinacolborane produce 1,1-diboronate esters with high selectivity and yields.
Luminescence and structural analysis of Ce3+ and Er3+ doped and Ce3+–Er3+ codoped Ca3Sc2Si3O12 garnets: influence of the doping concentration in the energy transfer processes
Authors: Fernández-González R. , Velázquez J. J. , Rodríguez V. D. , Rivera-López F. , Lukowiak A. , Chiasera A. , Ferrari M. , Gonçalves R. R. , Marrero-Jerez J. , Lahoz F. , Núñez P.
Published: January 2016

We present a structural a spectroscopy analysis of Ca3Sc2Si3O12 garnets doped with Ce3+ and Er3+ ions that were synthesized by the freeze-drying precursor method. Efficient energy transfer has been obtained result in an enhanced NIR emission.
Quantitative optimization and assessments of supplemented tea polyphenols in dry dog food considering palatability, levels of serum oxidative stress biomarkers and fecal pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Chen Maoshen , Chen Xuemei , Cheng Wenli , Li Yue , Ma Jianguo , Zhong Fang
Published: January 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of tea polyphenols (TP) in dry dog food on the palatability of dry dog food, serum oxidative stress biomarkers, and fecal pathogenic bacteria in adult dogs.
Water soluble cationic porphyrin TMPipEOPP-induced G-quadruplex and double-stranded DNA photocleavage and cell phototoxicity
Authors: Zhu Li-Na , Shi Shan , Yang Lin , Zhang Min , Liu Ke-Ke , Zhang Li-Na
Published: January 2016

A water soluble cationic porphyrin derivative TMPipEOPP can preferentially photocleave G-quadruplex in the presence of ​double-stranded DNA, thus might be used as a human telomere-targeted photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy.
Sisal-derived activated carbons for cost-effective lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Raja M. , Angulakshmi N. , Stephan A. Manuel
Published: January 2016

Elemental sulfur was successfully impregnated in an activated carbon (AC) matrix obtained from sisal fibers.
Hydrolytically stable ZIF-8@PDMS core–shell microspheres for gas–solid chromatographic separation
Authors: Srivastava Manju , Roy Prasun Kumar , Ramanan Arunachalam
Published: January 2016

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with exceptionally high surface areas, shape selectivity and availability of multiple active sites are suitable materials to serve as solid stationary phase for chromatographic applications.
Inherently chiral heterocyclic resorcinarenes using a Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Iwanek W. , Stefańska K. , Szumna A. , Wierzbicki M.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a novel approach to highly diastereoselective synthesis of resorcinarenes having enlarged cavities.
A comprehensive study on the improvement of oxidation stability and NOx emission levels by antioxidant addition to biodiesel blends in a light-duty diesel engine
Authors: Rashed M. M. , Masjuki H. H. , Kalam M. A. , Alabdulkarem Abdullah , Imdadul H. K. , Rashedul H. K. , Shahin M. M. , Habibullah M.
Published: January 2016

Moringa oleifera oil, a non-edible biodiesel feedstock with high unsaturated fatty acid content, was used in this study.
The rare transformation of 2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonanes in furo[3,4-c]pyridines
Authors: Fedoseev Sergey V. , Ershov Oleg V. , Lipin Konstantin V. , Belikov Mikhail Yu.
Published: January 2016

Transformation of 3-amino-8-hydroxy-1,6-dioxo-2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-4-carbonitriles to the obtaining of two classes fused heterocycles: 4-halogen-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridin-1-ones and octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3,4,6-tetraones.
Parallel folding topology-selective label-free detection and monitoring of conformational and topological changes of different G-quadruplex DNAs by emission spectral changes via FRET of mPPE-Ala–Pt(ii) complex ensemble
Authors: Chan Kevin , Yik-Sham Chung Clive , Wing-Wah Yam Vivian
Published: January 2016

The ensemble of platinum(ii) complex andmPPE-Ala has been demonstrated for label-free detection of G-quadruplex DNAs and the probing of their topological transitions.
Chemistry informer libraries: a chemoinformatics enabled approach to evaluate and advance synthetic methods
Authors: Kutchukian Peter S. , Dropinski James F. , Dykstra Kevin D. , Li Bing , DiRocco Daniel A. , Streckfuss Eric C. , Campeau Louis-Charles , Cernak Tim , Vachal Petr , Davies Ian W. , Krska Shane W. , Dreher Spencer D.
Published: January 2016

We report a standardized complex molecule diagnostic approach using collections of relevant drug-like molecules which we call chemistry informer libraries.
A self-assembled intercalated metal–organic framework electrode with outstanding area capacity for high volumetric energy asymmetric capacitors
Authors: Ogihara Nobuhiro , Ozawa Yuka , Hiruta Osamu
Published: January 2016

We demonstrate an extremely thick iMOF electrode prepared by self-assembly of the active material and conductive nanocarbon with an amphiphilic polymer, which possessed efficient electron and Li+transport and therefore exhibited an outstanding area capacity of over 2.5 mA h cm−2for high volumetric energy asymmetric capacitors.
A peptide–lipid nanoparticle assembly platform with integrated functions for targeted cell delivery
Authors: Wang Qiao , Ma Xiaochuan , Jia Junli , Fei Hao
Published: January 2016

Liposomes are extensively used as drug carriers because of their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and controlled release properties, however challenges exist in the control of their particle size, surface properties and targeting functionality. Here we report an integrated assembly process for construction of peptide–lipid nanoparticles.
Correction: Facilitated carbon dioxide reduction using a Zn(ii) complex
Authors: Donovan Elizabeth S. , Barry Brian M. , Larsen Christopher A. , Wirtz Melissa N. , Geiger William E. , Kemp Richard A.
Published: January 2016

Correction for ‘Facilitated carbon dioxide reduction using a Zn(ii) complex’ by Elizabeth S. Donovan et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07318a.
Large negative thermal expansion in non-perovskite lead-free ferroelectric Sn2P2S6
Authors: Rong Yangchun , Li Menglei , Chen Jun , Zhou Mei , Lin Kun , Hu Lei , Yuan Wenxia , Duan Wenhui , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran
Published: January 2016

Here, we firstly demonstrate the ferroelectrostriction (SVFS) mechanism in a non-perovskite lead-free ferroelectric Sn2P2S6 for its large negative thermal expansion.
Enhanced CO catalytic oxidation of flower-like Co3O4composed of small nanoparticles
Authors: Ding Kun , Wang Dan , Yang Ping , Hou Pengkun , Cheng Xin
Published: January 2016

The enhanced catalytic performance of flower-like Co3O4composed of nanoparticles originates from the redistribution of surface ions induced by the calcining process.
Data‐driven optimal terminal iterative learning control with initial value dynamic compensation
Authors: Chi Ronghu , Huang Biao , Wang Danwei , Zhang Ruikun , Feng Yuanjing
Published: January 2016

Iterative learning control is an effective control strategy for control of batch processes and initial condition is one of the most important factors affecting convergence of iterative learning batch process control. In this study, a novel initial value dynamic compensation‐based data‐driven optimal terminal iterative learning control (IDC‐DDOTILC) approach is proposed for non‐linear systems under random initial conditions. The unknown influence on the terminal output caused by the initial states is deduced by using a dynamical linearisation of the controlled non‐linear system along the iteration direction, and then the unknown influence is estimated iteratively and incorporated into the learning control law. As a result, the proposed IDC‐DDOTILC can drive the terminal output of the plant to attain the target value at the endpoint asymptotically under iteration‐varying initial conditions. Two chemical engineering examples including a batch reactor and a fed‐batch ethanol fermentation process are used to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
Rationalisation and validation of dc power transfer limits for voltage sourced converter based high voltage DC transmission
Authors: Zhou Jenny Zheng , Gole Aniruddha M.
Published: January 2016

Maximum available power (MAP) is an index for analyzing power‐voltage stability in high‐voltage direct current (HVdc) converters. Earlier work on calculating MAP for voltage sourced converters (VSC) was not consistent with the methods used for line commutated converters (LCC). The Thévenin voltage source used in VSC‐HVdc analysis was set to 1.0 pu, but for LCC‐HVdc, it was calculated so as to provide rated conditions at the converter busbar. This study attempts to rationalize the approaches used for VSC‐HVdc and LCC‐HVdc calculations by making them mutually consistent. However, as the VSC can operate at much lower short‐circuit ratio (SCR) than can the LCC, the Thévenin equivalent voltage at low SCRs can be significantly larger than 1.0 pu. This would require an unreasonably large tap changer setting. As an alternative, the paper recommends that for calculating MAP for a VSC, an ac network equivalent be used where some reactive power is locally supplied by shunt capacitors. This renders a Thévenin voltage close to 1.0 pu. This study also considers the impact of the VSC's internal voltage limits on the MAP. The key results are validated using electromagnetic transients simulation.
High‐voltage electrical energy meter with measurement chips floating at 10 kV potentials
Authors: Kang Bing , Hou Tiexin , Bu Zhengliang , Guan Xiangyu , Shu Naiqiu , Li Zipin , Wu Xiaowen
Published: January 2016

To overcome disadvantages of the conventional electric energy measurement system (CEEMS) in 10 kV distribution network, the study presents a high‐voltage electrical energy meter (HVEEM) comprised of signal sensors, two measurement units, a synthesis unit, power supplies, and extended communication devices. With measurement chip circuit boards floating at 10 kV potentials, HVEEM accomplishes electrical energy measurement at the primary side. With the whole structure, HVEEM can be calibrated as a whole, and the synchronisation error makes no difference on its whole error. As the core component, the capacitive voltage divider (CVD) acts as not only the voltage sensor but also the power supply. The stability of CVDs, which is almost not affected by temperature, can be improved by the manner of voltage accelerated ageing for a certain time. CVDs for power supplies are able to output enough power for measurement chip circuit boards even if a single‐phase ground or an opening fault occurs. The tests both in the laboratory and the field prove that HVEEM has substantial advantages over CEEMS especially in accuracy and reliability.
Failure mechanism of PMI foam core sandwich beam in bending
Authors: Wang Bo , Shi Yunfeng , Zhou Caihua , Li Tong
Published: January 2016

Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foams have been widely applied in aerospace engineering as the core material of sandwich structures. This paper proposes a modified model to predict the constitutive relation of PMI foams and compares it to existing testing data. The study is then applied to the investigation of the failure mechanism of PMI foam core sandwich beams in bending. Corresponding bending tests were carried out where a complex failure process was observed through a high-speed camera. Numerical model of the foregoing sandwich beam is developed, in which the maximum principal stress criteria is used to predict damage propagation in PMI foam core. Both results from tests and numerical simulation validate the reliability of the theoretical prediction of the failure of PMI foam core sandwich beam using the proposed modified model of PMI foams. This study provides a theoretic tool for the design of sandwich structures with PMI foam core.
Initial condition effects on large scale structure in numerical simulations of plane mixing layers
Authors: McMullan W. A. , Garrett S. J.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, Large Eddy Simulations are performed on the spatially developing plane turbulent mixing layer. The simulated mixing layers originate from initially laminar conditions. The focus of this research is on the effect of the nature of the imposed fluctuations on the large-scale spanwise and streamwise structures in the flow. Two simulations are performed; one with low-level three-dimensional inflow fluctuations obtained from pseudo-random numbers, the other with physically correlated fluctuations of the same magnitude obtained from an inflow generation technique. Where white-noise fluctuations provide the inflow disturbances, no spatially stationary streamwise vortex structure is observed, and the large-scale spanwise turbulent vortical structures grow continuously and linearly. These structures are observed to have a three-dimensional internal geometry with branches and dislocations. Where physically correlated provide the inflow disturbances a “streaky” streamwise structure that is spatially stationary is observed, with the large-scale turbulent vortical structures growing with the square-root of time. These large-scale structures are quasi-two-dimensional, on top of which the secondary structure rides. The simulation results are discussed in the context of the varying interpretations of mixing layer growth that have been postulated. Recommendations are made concerning the data required from experiments in order to produce accurate numerical simulation recreations of real flows.
Iterative quantum-classical path integral with dynamically consistent state hopping
Authors: Walters Peter L. , Makri Nancy
Published: January 2016

We investigate the convergence of iterative quantum-classical path integral calculations in sluggish environments strongly coupled to a quantum system. The number of classical trajectories, thus the computational cost, grows rapidly (exponentially, unless filtering techniques are employed) with the memory length included in the calculation. We argue that the choice of the (single) trajectory branch during the time preceding the memory interval can significantly affect the memory length required for convergence. At short times, the trajectory branch associated with the reactant state improves convergence by eliminating spurious memory. We also introduce an instantaneous population-based probabilistic scheme which introduces state-to-state hops in the retained pre-memory trajectory branch, and which is designed to choose primarily the trajectory branch associated with the reactant at early times, but to favor the product state more as the reaction progresses to completion. Test calculations show that the dynamically consistent state hopping scheme leads to accelerated convergence and a dramatic reduction of computational effort.
Progress in analytical methods to predict and control azimuthal combustion instability modes in annular chambers
Authors: Bauerheim M. , Nicoud F. , Poinsot T.
Published: January 2016

Longitudinal low-frequency thermoacoustic unstable modes in combustion chambers have been intensively studied experimentally, numerically, and theoretically, leading to significant progress in both understanding and controlling these acoustic modes. However, modern annular gas turbines may also exhibit azimuthal modes, which are much less studied and feature specific mode structures and dynamic behaviors, leading to more complex situations. Moreover, dealing with 10–20 burners mounted in the same chamber limits the use of high fidelity simulations or annular experiments to investigate these modes because of their complexity and costs. Consequently, for such circumferential acoustic modes, theoretical tools have been developed to uncover underlying phenomena controlling their stability, nature, and dynamics. This review presents recent progress in this field. First, Galerkin and network models are described with their pros and cons in both the temporal and frequency framework. Then, key features of such acoustic modes are unveiled, focusing on their specificities such as symmetry breaking, non-linear modal coupling, forcing by turbulence. Finally, recent works on uncertainty quantifications, guided by theoretical studies and applied to annular combustors, are presented. The objective is to provide a global view of theoretical research on azimuthal modes to highlight their complexities and potential.
Hydrogen doping in HfO2 resistance change random access memory
Authors: Duncan D. , Magyari-Köpe B. , Nishi Y.
Published: January 2016

The structures and energies of hydrogen-doped monoclinic hafnium dioxide were calculated using density-functional theory. The electronic interactions are described within the LDA + U formalism, where on-site Coulomb corrections are applied to the 5d orbital electrons of Hf atoms and 2p orbital electrons of the O atoms. The effects of charge state, defect-defect interactions, and hydrogenation are investigated and compared with experiment. It is found that hydrogenation of HfO2 resistance-change random access memory devices energetically stabilizes the formation of oxygen vacancies and conductive vacancy filaments through multiple mechanisms, leading to improved switching characteristic and device yield.
A broadband-sensitive upconverter La(Ga0.5Sc0.5)O3:Er,Ni,Nb for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko , Mizuno Shintaro , Luitel Hom Nath , Tani Toshihiko
Published: January 2016

We have developed an upconverter that significantly broadens the sensitive range, to overcome the shortcoming that conventional Er3+-doped upconverters used for crystalline silicon solar cells can utilize only a small portion of the solar spectrum at around 1.55 μm. We have designed the combination of the sensitizers and host material to utilize photons not absorbed by silicon or Er3+ ions. Ni2+ ions have been selected as the sensitizers that absorb photons in the wavelength range between the silicon absorption edge (1.1 μm) and the Er3+ absorption band and transfer the energies to the Er3+ emitters, with La(Ga,Sc)O3 as the host material. The Ga to Sc ratio has been optimized to tune the location of the Ni2+ absorption band for sufficient energy transfer. Co-doping with Nb5+ ions is needed for charge balance to introduce divalent Ni2+ ions into the trivalent Ga3+ and Sc3+ sites. In addition to 1.45–1.58 μm photons directly absorbed by the Er3+ ions, we have demonstrated upconversion of 1.1–1.35 μm photons in the Ni2+ absorption band to 0.98 μm photons, using 10% Er, 0.5% Ni, and 0.5% Nb-doped La(Ga0.5Sc0.5)O3. The broadband-sensitive upconverter developed here can improve conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells more notably than conventional ones.
Origin of the performances degradation of two-dimensional-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors in the sub-10 nm regime: A first-principles study
Authors: Lu Anh Khoa Augustin , Pourtois Geoffrey , Agarwal Tarun , Afzalian Aryan , Radu Iuliana P. , Houssa Michel
Published: January 2016

The impact of the scaling of the channel length on the performances of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors, based on two-dimensional (2D) channel materials, is theoretically investigated, using density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function method. It is found that the scaling of the channel length below 10 nm leads to strong device performance degradations. Our simulations reveal that this degradation is essentially due to the tunneling current flowing between the source and the drain in these aggressively scaled devices. It is shown that this electron tunneling process is modulated by the effective mass of the 2D channel material, and sets the limit of the scaling in future transistor designs.
Switchable nonlinear metasurfaces for absorbing high power surface waves
Authors: Kim Sanghoon , Wakatsuchi Hiroki , Rushton Jeremiah J. , Sievenpiper Daniel F.
Published: January 2016

We demonstrate a concept of a nonlinear metamaterial that provides power dependent absorption of incident surface waves. The metasurface includes nonlinear circuits which transform it from a low loss to high loss state when illuminated with high power waves. The proposed surface allows low power signals to propagate but strongly absorbs high power signals. It can potentially be used on enclosures for electric devices to protest against damage. We experimentally verify that the nonlinear metasurface has two distinct states controlled by the incoming signal power. We also demonstrate that it inhibits the propagation of large signals and dramatically decreases the field that is leaked through an opening in a conductive enclosure.
Membrane-constrained acoustic metamaterials for low frequency sound insulation
Authors: Wang Xiaole , Zhao Hui , Luo Xudong , Huang Zhenyu
Published: January 2016

We present a constrained membrane-type acoustic metamaterial (CMAM) that employs constraint sticks to add out-of-plane dimensions in the design space of MAM. A CMAM sample, which adopts constraint sticks to suppress vibrations at the membrane center, was fabricated to achieve a sound transmission loss (STL) peak of 26 dB at 140 Hz, with the static areal density of 6.0 kg/m2. The working mechanism of the CMAM as an acoustic metamaterial is elucidated by calculating the averaged normal displacement, the equivalent areal density, and the effective dynamic mass of a unit cell through finite element simulations. Furthermore, the vibration modes of the CMAM indicate that the eigenmodes related to STL dips are shifted into high frequencies, thus broadening its effective bandwidth significantly. Three samples possessing the same geometry and material but different constraint areas were fabricated to illustrate the tunability of STL peaks at low frequencies.
Band alignment of TiO2/FTO interface determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Effect of annealing
Authors: Fan Haibo , Yang Zhou , Ren Xianpei , Yin Mingli , Gao Fei , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: January 2016

The energy band alignment between pulsed-laser-deposited TiO2 and FTO was firstly characterized using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A valence band offset (VBO) of 0.61 eV and a conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.29 eV were obtained across the TiO2/FTO heterointerface. With annealing process, the VBO and CBO across the heterointerface were found to be -0.16 eV and 1.06 eV, respectively, with the alignment transforming from type-I to type-II. The difference in the band alignment is believed to be dominated by the core level down-shift of the FTO substrate, which is a result of the oxidation of Sn. Current-voltage test has verified that the band alignment has a significant effect on the current transport of the heterojunction.
Life history effects on the molecular clock of autosomes and sex chromosomes
Authors: Amster Guy , Sella Guy
Published: January 2016

Significance

Recent estimates of mutation rates obtained by sequencing human pedigrees have challenged conceptions about split times between humans and our closest living relatives. In particular, estimates of human split times from chimpanzees and gorillas based on the new mutation rate estimates are more than twofold shorter than previously believed, seemingly at odds with the fossil record. Here we show that accounting for the effects of sex-specific life histories on mutation rates along the hominid phylogeny largely bridges this apparent gap and leads to more accurate split time estimates. Doing so can also explain other intriguing phylogenetic patterns in hominid and mammalian evolution.
Genome-wide coexpression of steroid receptors in the mouse brain: Identifying signaling pathways and functionally coordinated regions
Authors: Mahfouz Ahmed , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P. F. , Grefhorst Aldo , van Weert Lisa T. C. M. , Mol Isabel M. , Sips Hetty C. M. , van den Heuvel José K. , Datson Nicole A. , Visser Jenny A. , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Meijer Onno C.
Published: January 2016

Significance

Steroid hormones coordinate the activity of many brain regions by binding to nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors. This study uses genome-wide correlation of gene expression in the mouse brain to discover (
i
) brain regions that respond in a similar manner to particular steroids, (
ii
) signaling pathways that are used in a steroid receptor and brain region-specific manner, and (
iii
) potential target genes and relationships between groups of target genes. The data constitute a rich repository for the research community to support further new insights in neuroendocrine relationships and to develop novel ways to manipulate brain activity in research or clinical settings.
Self-dispersed crumpled graphene balls in oil for friction and wear reduction
Authors: Dou Xuan , Koltonow Andrew R. , He Xingliang , Jang Hee Dong , Wang Qian , Chung Yip-Wah , Huang Jiaxing
Published: January 2016

Significance

Aggregation is a major problem for ultrafine particle additives in lubricant oil because it reduces the effective particle concentrations, prevents particles from entering the contact area of working surfaces, and leads to unstable tribological performance. Molecular ligands can help the particles to disperse, but they tend to degrade under the harsh tribological conditions. Therefore, self-dispersed particles without the need for surfactant are highly desirable. We report here, for the first time to our knowledge, such type of ultrafine particles made of crumpled, paper-ball–like graphene, which indeed can self-disperse in lubricant oil, and exhibit stable and superior tribological performances.