bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Мiжнародна конференцiя „теорiя наближення функцiй та її застосування”, присвячена 80-рiччю вiд дня народження члена-кореспондента НАН України, професора О. І. Степанця (1942–2007)
Authors: Sokolenko I.
Published: January 2023

Інформація про міжнародну конференцію «Теорія наближення функцій та її застосування», присвячену 80-річчю з дня народження члена-кореспондента НАН України, професора О.І. Степанця (1942-2007), Луцьк, Україна, що проходила з 6 по 10 червня 2022 року.
Evolutionary Multitask Optimization in Real-World Applications: A Survey
Authors: Wu Yue , Ding Hangqi , Xiang Benhua , Sheng Jinlong , Ma Wenping
Published: January 2023

Due to its good ability to solve problems, evolutionary multitask optimization (EMTO) algorithm has been widely studied recently. Evolutionary algorithm has the advantage of fast searching for the optimal solution, but it is easy to fall into local optimum and difficult to generalize. To solve these problems, it is an effective method to combine with multitask optimization algorithm. Through the implicit parallelism of tasks themselves and the knowledge transfer between tasks, more promising individuals can be generated in the evolution process, which can jump out of the local optimum. How to better combine the two has also been studied more and more. This paper will explore the existing evolutionary multitasking theory and improvement scheme in detail. Then it summarizes the application of evolutionary multitask optimization in different scenarios. Finally, according to the existing research, the future research trends and potential exploration directions are revealed.
The Relationship between Helicobacter Pylori and Intestinal Parasites in Patients with Peptic Ulcer
Authors: KAYA Yasemin , KARAMAN Ülkü , ÇOLAK Cemil , ÇINAR Hamza , KARATAŞ Ahmet , ARSERİM Neval Berrin , YOLALAN Gamze , TOP Şermin
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), risk factors, and co-infection with intestinal parasites in adult patients presenting gastrointestinal complaints. Materials and Methods: The working group of the study consisted of 385 patients with gastrointestinal complaints. A questionnaire including questions aiming to canvass the socio-demographic features, lifestyles, and complaints of the patients was administered to the study population. Cellophane slide method, native-lugol, sedimentation and Modified kinyoun acid-fast methods were used for the diagnosis of parasites in stool, under microscope. The H. pylori antigen was studied in the stool sample taken for the diagnosis of H. pylori.Results: H. pylori positivity was found to be 27.79% in the patients included in the study. 76.6% of those who are positive for H. pylori are women, and the positivity rate was found to be higher at the age of 40 and over (75.7%). The majority of patients with H. pylori positivity expressed being married (73.8%), having middle / low-income (89.7%), having a low educational background (82.2%), living in a village (55.1%), and in a nuclear family (72.2%) (p<0.001). H. pylori positivity was higher in those who used tap water (40.2%) and those who had a vegetable-based diet (75.7%) (p<0.001). The study found a statistically significant correlation between Entamoeba histoloytica and Enterobius vermicularis positivity and H. pylori positivity (p<0.05 p<0.001, respectively). The calculated odds ratio showed that H. pylori positivity was 1.19 times higher in Entamoeba histoloytica positivity and 11.27 times higher in Enterobius vermicularis positivity. Conclusion: Larger and more comprehensive studies should be performed to understand better the epidemiology, clinical effects, treatment, and control of H. pylori co-infection.
Investigation of the Effect of Acute to Chronic Glycemic Ratio on the Development of Postoperative Pneumonia After Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection Surgery
Authors: GÜVENÇ Orhan , ENGİN Mesut , YAVUZ Senol
Published: January 2023

Aim: A critical clinical condition called acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) necessitates quick surgical action. Other significant issues include the emergence of postoperative pneumonia and various organ failures. We sought to determine how well the ratio of admission blood glucose (ABG) to estimated average glucose (eAG) might be used to anticipate postoperative pneumonia following ATAAD surgery. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients who underwent ATAAD surgery between January 2016 and January 2022. In the postoperative phase, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 for those who did not acquire pneumonia and Group 2 for those who did.Results: The study involved 124 patients in total. Group 1 [N = 92, median age = 51 (32 to 80) years] consisted of those who did not acquire postoperative pneumonia, but Group 2 [N = 32, median age = 53 (30 to 77)] did. ABG/eAG ratio and ventilation time were found to be independent predictors of postoperative pneumonia by multivariate analysis [(OR: 0.886, CI 95%: 0.695-0.990, P=0.009) and (OR: 1.114, 1.030-1.542, P=0.023)].Conclusion: We demonstrated that ABG/eAG ratio, calculated at admission time, is a significant predictor of the development of postoperative pneumonia.
The Relationship Between AKR1B1 rs759853 (C-106T) Polymorphism and the Diabetic Retinopathy Severity in Turkish Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: MUTLU İÇDUYGU Fadime , ALP Ebru , AKGUN Egemen , DOĞUİZİ Sibel , ÖZER Murat Atabey
Published: January 2023

Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important health problem with an increasing incidence worldwide and causes many complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of DM. Polymorphisms of the AKR1B1 gene, which encodes an aldose reductase enzyme, have been associated with development of DM and DR in some studies. The current study aims to investigate the relationship of AKR1B1 rs759853 polymorphism with type 2 DM (T2DM), DR and DR severity in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: A total of 437 individuals, including 141 T2DM patients without DR, 125 T2DM patients with DR, and 171 healthy controls, were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP method.Results: An association between T allele / TT genotype and increased risk of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was detected. In the logistic regression analysis in which other risk factors were included, rs759853 polymorphism and diabetes duration were found to be associated with the PDR development. There was no significant relationship between the AKR1B1 rs759853 variation and the development of T2DM and DR. Conclusion: Obtained data showed that AKR1B1 rs759853 polymorphism is not associated with the development of T2DM and DR in the Turkish patients, but TT genotype and diabetes duration are independent risk factors for the development of PDR.
Comportamento dos gastos públicos no período de 2002 a 2017 : uma análise com painel dinâmico
Authors: Giovanini Adilson , Almeida Helberte João França
Published: January 2023

A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) estabelece diferentes mecanismos que garantem a saúde das finanças públicas locais. Todavia, diversos estudos têm argumentado que ela favorece a elevação nas despesas com pessoal, uma vez que, durante os anos de crescimento econômico, o espaço gerado pelo aumento na arrecadação foi utilizado para elevar os gastos com pessoal. Dada a elevada rigidez destas despesas, com a ocorrência da crise econômica, os municípios passaram a enfrentar grave crise fiscal. Diante desse contexto, a análise descritiva dos dados e a estimação de um modelo em painel dinâmico são utilizadas para identificar os fatores que explicam o aumento do gasto com pessoal no período de 2002 a 2017 para 5.205 municípios brasileiros. Os resultados mostram que gastos com pessoal (uma defasagem), arrecadações próprias (duas defasagens), receitas de transferências (uma defasagem) e aposentados são os parâmetros de maior importância. Contudo, os agrupamentos dos municípios se mostram com diferentes sensibilidades às variáveis analisadas.
The management and governance conundrum in South African public schools: principals’ perspectives
Authors: Kruger Johan , Beckmann Johan , Du Plessis Andre
Published: January 2023

The introduction of school governing bodies (hereinafter SGBs) changed the roles and functions of principals dramatically when this new approach to school governance and professional management (referred to as a participatory decision-making approach) was activated when the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 (hereinafter SASA) was implemented in January 1997. Consequently, the principal is no longer the only decision-maker in the school. The principal as the protagonist in school management and governance (implementing SGB policy) is the role-player most affected by the introduction of the participatory decision-making approach. In this article, we discuss principals’ perspectives regarding the shared participatory decision-making approach and the effects thereof on the relationship between the principal and the SGB. In this regard, it is important to note that the perceptions the two parties have of each other are established by the SGB’s encroachment on the professional management functions of the principal and vice versa. The research findings concluded that the relationship between the principal and the SGB is often a relationship characterised by tension, no trust and irrational actions by the SGB. The relationship is further influenced by the functionality or lack of functionality of SGBs as well as prevailing socio-economic conditions and SGB members’ levels of literacy. On the other hand, principals who do not adapt to participatory decision-making, and who still implement an assertive autocratic management approach, also contribute to a turbulent relationship.
Professional learning by mathematics teachers through video-stimulated recall
Authors: Nel Benita P
Published: January 2023

This article reports on mathematics teachers’ professional learning prospects through video-stimulated recall (VSR), a tool for in-house professional development. Providing timeous feedback to teachers on aspects of their teaching that they should improve are greatly beneficial. Two Mathematics teachers at a rural high school in a province of South Africa, implemented VSR. The research question was: What is the effect of incorporating VSR on the professional learning of these two mathematics teachers? This qualitative study used the conscious competence learning model as its conceptual lens. VSR-related interviews served as data collection instrument. The findings revealed that the teachers reflected differently and on different aspects of their lessons. Their professional learning varied were they adapted their teaching on some of the aspects noticed and one some not/ to a limited extend. VSR put them in the driving seat of their own learning, allowing them to develop professional as noticed through reflection.
First-year university students' conceptual understanding of electric circuits in relation to school and personal background
Authors: Coetzee Moreen , Coetzee Corene , Gaigher Estelle
Published: January 2023

This paper reports a quantitative study about university students’ conceptual understanding of simple DC-circuits when entering firstyear physics at a South African university. The aim was to investigate how conceptual understanding relates to the students’ personal and school background. The conceptual framework was based on an existing model of the effectiveness of science education. Data were collected from 815 participants at a South African university. The conceptual understanding of DC circuits was measured in terms of performance in the well-known Determining and Interpreting Resistive Electric Circuits Concepts Test (DIRECT). Background information at school, classroom, and personal level was obtained with a questionnaire. Using Rash analysis, it was found that the students’ conceptual understanding relates significantly to the type of school attended, home language, previous achievement, their attitudes towards physics, and gender. However, contrary to expectations, the students’ conceptual understanding did not show a relationship with their exposure to practical work at school.
Investigating the challenges faced by female students in STEM courses: case study of a traditional South African University
Authors: Olaitan Olutoyin , Mavuso Nosipho
Published: January 2023

The paper investigated the challenges faced by female students enrolled in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) field of study. The social cognitive theory (SCCT) was employed to examine the role played by the environment, goals, behaviour, and self-efficacy factors of female students studying towards Engineering and Information Technology degrees at a traditional South African university. The study examined the interdependencies between these four factors and their role in female students’ success in STEM courses at the university. The finding revealed that female students possess the selfefficacy required to excel in their studies, despite overt or covert hostilities and other challenges they face during their study. The data analysis indicate that female students need the support of their families in achieving their goals. The fear of disappointing parents or family members if they fail to obtain their qualifications seem to be a key motivation to female students in STEM courses. It is recommended that all stakeholders be positively involved in ensuring that female students in the STEM fields get the needed support. Such support, in tandem with their self-efficacy, outcome expectations and goal setting, will ensure that they overcome obstacles and are adequately equipped to realise their dream of achieving qualifications in this critical segment of the economy.
Does Corporate Governance Matter for Bank Performance and Risk-taking?
Authors: Nepali Som Raj
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study empirically examines the linkages of corporate governance with the performance and risk-taking of Nepalese banks.
Methods: The study uses balanced panel data collected from annual reports [2010-2018] of the selected nineteen banks, including seven foreign-owned banks and twelve domestic banks. The study employs a descriptive and causal-comparative research design with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression approach.
Results: The results reveal that a greater number of board meetings and audit committee meetings leads to better performance and lower risk. The independent sample t-test results show that foreign-owned banks significantly differ from domestic banks using corporate governance mechanisms except for board size and audit committee size. Cohen's d results reveal that the number of board-level committees has a medium effect and all other corporate governance variables have a lesser effect on domestic banks than on foreign-owned banks.
Implications: The study has policy-level implications for the regulators to emphasize the provisions relating to board size, audit committee size, and their respective meetings for enhancing financial stability. Similarly, the study findings also facilitate bankers to look after and make changes to corporate governance practices prudently.
Originality: This study uses Tobin's Q to measure bank performance and employs a Z-score to measure bank risk-taking behavior, which makes it one of the very few studies that explain the impact of corporate governance on bank performance and bank risk-taking.
Cosmic Reionization on Computers: Baryonic Effects on Halo Concentrations during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Zhu 朱 Hanjue 涵珏 , Gnedin Nickolay Y.
Published: January 2023

Baryons both increase halo concentration through adiabatic contraction and expel mass through feedback processes. However, it is not well understood how the radiation fields prevalent during the epoch of reionization affect the evolution of concentration in dark matter halos. We investigate how baryonic physics during the epoch of reionization modify the structure of dark matter halos in the Cosmic Reionization On Computers (CROC) simulations. We use two different measures of halo concentration to quantify the effects. We compare concentrations of halos matched between full-physics simulations and dark-matter-only simulations with identical initial conditions between 5 ≤ z ≤ 9. Baryons in full-physics simulations do pull matter toward the center, increasing the maximum circular velocity compared to dark-matter-only simulations. However, their overall effects are much less than if all the baryons were simply centrally concentrated indicating that heating processes efficiently counteract cooling effects. Finally, we show that the baryonic effects on halo concentrations at z ≈ 5 are relatively insensitive to environmental variations of reionization history. These results are pertinent to models of galaxy–halo connection during the epoch of reionization.
Formation of the Mg ii h and k Polarization Profiles in a Solar Plage Model and Their Suitability to Infer Magnetic Fields
Authors: Afonso Delgado David , del Pino Alemán Tanausú , Trujillo Bueno Javier
Published: January 2023

The Mg ii h and k lines are among the strongest in the near-ultraviolet solar spectrum and their line core originates in the upper chromosphere, just below the transition region. Consequently, they have become one of the main targets for investigating the magnetism of the upper solar atmosphere. The recent Chromospheric Layer Spectropolarimeter (CLASP2) mission obtained unprecedented spectropolarimetric data on these lines in an active region plage, which have already been used to infer the longitudinal component of the magnetic field by applying the weak-field approximation. In this paper, we aim at improving our understanding of the diagnostic capabilities of these lines by studying the emergent Stokes profiles resulting from radiative transfer calculations in a radiative magnetohydrodynamic time-dependent model representative of a solar plage. To this end, we create a synthetic observation with temporal and spatial resolutions similar to those of CLASP2. We find strong asymmetries in the synthetic profiles of circular polarization, which considerably complicate the application of the weak-field approximation. We demonstrate that the selective application of the weak-field approximation to fit different spectral regions in the profile allows us to retrieve information about the longitudinal component of the magnetic field in different regions of the model atmosphere, even when the circular polarization profiles are not antisymmetric and are formed in the presence of strong velocity and magnetic field gradients.
Designing an Optimal LSST Deep Drilling Program for Cosmology with Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Gris Philippe , Regnault Nicolas , Awan Humna , Hook Isobel , Jha Saurabh W. , Lochner Michelle , Sanchez Bruno , Scolnic Dan , Sullivan Mark , Yoachim Peter ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: January 2023

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is forecast to collect a large sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) expected to be instrumental in unveiling the nature of dark energy. The feat, however, requires accurately measuring the two components of the Hubble diagram, distance modulus and redshift. Distance is estimated from SN Ia parameters extracted from light-curve fits, where the average quality of light curves is primarily driven by survey parameters. An optimal observing strategy is thus critical for measuring cosmological parameters with high accuracy. We present in this paper a three-stage analysis to assess the impact of the deep drilling (DD) strategy parameters on three critical aspects of the survey: redshift completeness, the number of well-measured SNe Ia, and cosmological measurements. We demonstrate that the current DD survey plans (internal LSST simulations) are characterized by a low completeness (z ∼ 0.55–0.65), and irregular and low cadences (several days), which dramatically decrease the size of the well-measured SN Ia sample. We propose a method providing the number of visits required to reach higher redshifts. We use the results to design a set of optimized DD surveys for SN Ia cosmology taking full advantage of spectroscopic resources for host galaxy redshift measurements. The most accurate cosmological measurements are achieved with deep rolling surveys characterized by a high cadence (1 day), a rolling strategy (at least two seasons of observation per field), and ultradeep (z ≳ 0.8) and deep (z ≳ 0.6) fields. A deterministic scheduler including a gap recovery mechanism is critical to achieving a high-quality DD survey.
Potamophylax humoinsapiens sp. n. (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae), a new species from the Sharr Mountains, Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Ibrahimi Halil , Bilalli Astrit , Gashi Agim , Grapci Kotori Linda , Slavevska Stamenkovič Valentina , Geci Donard
Published: January 2023

The Sharr Mountains are one of the most important hotspots of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity in the Balkan Peninsula, with many endemic and rare species. The caddisfly studies in this area increased during the past years, although insufficiently investigated areas still remain.

In this paper, we describe a new species, Potamophylax humoinsapiens sp. n. from the Sharr Mountains in the Republic of Kosovo, which is morphologically closest to Potamophylax idliri Ibrahimi, Bilalli & Kučinić, 2022 and Potamophylax juliani Kumanski, 1999. The males of the new species differ from all known species of the Potamophylax winneguthi Species Group by their uniquely-shaped parameres, which are long, bulbous in their basal half and thin in the remaining length, with a bunch of very thin and long, hair-like spines, grouped uniformly at the apex. The new species further differs from its most similar congeners by its very wide distance between the dorsal and ventral edges of the apical part of inferior appendages in lateral view. The new species was found at three localities from 1416 to 1505 m a.s.l.

Similar to the other species of the Potamophylax winneguthi Species Group, which have very narrow distribution areas, we posit that Potamophylax humoinsapiens sp. n. is a microendemic of the Sharr Mountains. The new species is the second known caddisfly species occurring only in the Kosovan part of the Sharr Mountains.
Chasitermes pax, a new genus and species of soldierless termite (Termitidae, Apicotermitinae) from the island of Trinidad
Authors: Scheffrahn Rudolf H. , Carrijo Tiago F.
Published: January 2023

Chasitermes pax Scheffrahn & Carrijo gen. et sp. nov. is described from workers collected from a single colony in the Northern Range of Trinidad. The shape and texture of the unsclerotized enteric valve, tubular shape of the enteric valve seating, and prominent spherical mesenteric tongue of C. pax are the diagnostic characters for both the genus and species. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using the COI gene and including all neotropical Apicotermitinae genera described to date supports the new genus as a distinct terminal.
Ils s’élèvent pour vaincre
Authors: de Courrèges Hervé
Published: January 2023

L’Académie militaire de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan, grande école du commandement, forme ses élèves pour être les chefs militaires de demain, les forgeant « à la hauteur des chocs futurs ». Une « hauteur » qui fait écho au thème de ce numéro : « S’élever ». La dimension de verticalité est en effet intrinsèquement liée à la notion de hiérarchie militaire, car l’une des premières préoccupations d’un chef est de faire « grandir son subordonné ».
Le parasport, facteur d’acceptation, d’affirmation et d’inclusion
Authors: Le Fur Marie-Amélie , Esquerre Hugues
Published: January 2023

Comment la pratique sportive permet-elle aux personnes atteintes de handicap de « s’élever » ? Quels moyens sont mis à leur disposition pour cela ? Marie-Amélie Le Fur, athlète handisport et présidente du Comité paralympique et sportif français, a accepté de répondre aux questions d’ Inflexions à partir de son expérience personnelle et professionnelle.
Comme un encens
Authors: Rouvillois Samuel
Published: January 2023

Les traditions croyantes invitent à s’élever pour rencontrer ce qui est « au-dessus » de l’homme. S’élever par la prière pourtant, ce n’est pas quitter le réalisme de la condition humaine et de la fragilité de nos personnes où se jouent nos vies. C’est plutôt laisser descendre le souffle du Très Haut dans le concret de nos existences avec leur part de souffrance. Par le ciment de fraternité qu’elle crée, la prière permet de s’élever ensemble, de traverser ensemble ce qui semblait inassumable à vue humaine, l’humiliation et peut-être même la mort.
Simulacra and the concept of authenticity in Diderot’s Salon de 1765 and Paradoxe sur le comédien
Authors: Abbt Christine , Schmieden Susanne
Published: January 2023

La plupart des débats philosophiques sur le simulacre au xviii e  siècle se caractérisent par une structure binaire. Copie ou original, simple paraître ou être véritable ? Denis Diderot transforme ce système binaire en un autre, opaque, fait de positions mélangées et intermédiaires, et en même temps, développe un concept particulier d’authenticité. Il ne conçoit pas celle-ci en opposition au simulacre, à la représentation ou à l’imitation mais la pense plutôt comme une condition accessible uniquement par une reconstitution consciente et méthodique. Contrairement à Diderot, la réponse de Jean-Jacques Rousseau au caractère indéfinissable de l’être humain est d’ordre philosophique et normatif dans une conception et une exigence d’une authenticité pensée dans sa dimension sociale et ayant pour visée de rétablir la frontière entre le vrai et le faux, la confiance et la tromperie. Diderot, quant à lui, poursuit sa quête de connaissance (de soi), un parcours qu’il conçoit comme exigent et complexe.
De la mimésis théâtrale à l’acteur-simulacre
Authors: Armand Guilhem
Published: January 2023

Cet article vise à analyser l’écart théorique sur la question de l’acteur, entre les Entretiens sur le Fils naturel et le Paradoxe sur le comédien , en en mesurant la distance grâce aux autres écrits esthétiques de Diderot, notamment sur la peinture. Notre hypothèse est que ce qui s’y construit est en fait une conception complexe du jeu qui s’avère simultanément une théorie de sa réception, qui prend ses distance avec la mimésis platonicienne pour se concentrer sur celle du simulacre, permettant seule de faire naître dans l’œil intérieur du comédien et dans celui du spectateur, la même image mentale.
Les Lumières dans les débats contemporains autour de l’écologie politique : la question des limites de la Terre
Authors: Larrère Catherine
Published: January 2023

Depuis les années 1970, et le rapport Meadows, écologistes et économistes s’opposent frontalement sur la question des limites naturelles, ou planétaires, de la croissance économique. Repasser par les Lumières, et par la réflexion de la fin du siècle sur les modes de développement économique dans le Nord de l’Europe (Suède ou Écosse) c’est découvrir, notamment à travers les travaux de Linné et de ses élèves, des rapprochements oubliés entre histoire naturelle et science économique. On comprend ainsi que l’économie naissante s’est préoccupée de ses conditions écologiques ce qui permet, en revenant aux débats d’aujourd’hui sur les limites de la croissance, d’en dépasser le verrouillage idéologique pour mieux en comprendre les enjeux.
Chénier, Eschyle, Ronsard, etc. : les classiques en procès
Authors: Hersant Marc
Published: January 2023

Le récent débat autour du poème de jeunesse de Chénier L’Oaristys , traduit de Théocrite, et de son interprétation comme peinture d’un viol dans une lettre ouverte adressée en 2017 au jury de l’agrégation de Lettres Modernes, apparaît comme un épisode d’un débat plus profond sur notre rapport à la littérature et à la culture. Au lieu d’apparaître comme un atout pour nos vies et pour nos libertés, la littérature est en effet soumise à un examen moral et idéologique sourcilleux, soupçonnée d’avoir participé sur la longue durée historique à une structure de domination dont elle aurait été la complice, susceptible enfin de « comparaître » comme une accusée face à un tribunal identitaire. En l’occurrence, il s’agit d’un véritable coup de force, car la compréhension du poème de Chénier comme représentation d’un viol, loin d’être une évidence, mérite au moins la discussion, et pose la question de la légitimité d’une lecture « anachronique », orientée idéologiquement et pesamment moralisatrice, des textes du passé, tendance qui menace d’envahir l’espace académique.
Diderot et Sénèque : quand lire l’Antique c’est dire le Moderne
Authors: Armand Guilhem
Published: January 2023

Lorsque D’Holbach et Naigeon demandent à Diderot de rédiger une biographie de Sénèque, il ne s’agit pour les éditeurs que d’un texte devant accompagner la traduction de cet auteur latin par M. de La Grange (Paris, 1777, 6 volumes). Mais à ce moment-là, Diderot a dû essuyer les affres de la bataille de l’ Encyclopédie , il édite discrètement la plupart de ses œuvres dans la Correspondance littéraire de Grimm, réfléchit plus que jamais à ce que signifie être philosophe en cette fin de siècle (qu’il ne soupçonne pas si proche), se penche de plus en plus sur son rôle politique dans une société qui a besoin des Lumières. Aussi son Essai sur la vie de Sénèque le philosophe, sur ses écrits, et sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron (1778) ne répond-il pas totalement au projet initial : il le dépasse largement pour proposer une lecture de Sénèque (mais aussi de Tacite et Suétone) qui s’avère une véritable analyse politique de son temps à la lumière de l’antiquité romaine. Mais la réflexion prend aussi une très forte dimension philosophique et personnelle, singulière et universelle : ce que pense aussi – et peut-être surtout – Diderot à travers son étude de la figure de Sénèque, c’est lui en philosophe. Aussi s’agit-il d’analyser ici comment Diderot adapte le texte sénéquien pour se dire lui-même.
Contextes nationaux et globalisation des Lumières
Authors: Salaün Franck
Published: January 2023

Depuis les années 1940, le terme Lumières et ses équivalents dans différentes langues se sont imposés dans le lexique international de façon exponentielle. Mais ce succès apparent cache de grandes différences de définition selon les écoles historiques et les pays. Il importe donc de comprendre pourquoi les historiens ne parviennent pas à s’entendre sur une période, une aire géographique et une signification principale. En outre, alors que chaque pays semble vouloir affirmer l’existence de ses propres Lumières, ce mouvement est de plus en plus souvent accusé d’être à l’origine de l’eurocentrisme.
Penser une radicalité leibnizienne ? Le cas des réceptions matérialistes de Leibniz
Authors: Coissard Guillaume
Published: January 2023

Dans cet article, je propose de nuancer l’opposition construite entre la radicalité attribuée à Spinoza et la modération supposée du texte leibnizien. Pour se faire, j’étudie les réceptions de la philosophie de Leibniz au xviii e  siècle. J’étudie deux exemples issus du corpus matérialiste, en identifiant et en analysant le rôle qu’y jouent certains éléments, concepts, arguments ou images d’origine leibnizienne. Dans le Système de la nature (1770) de d’Holbach, le principe de raison suffisante est réinterprété de manière à construire la thèse déterministe (unité causale de la nature) et nécessitariste (unité modale de la nature). Chez La Mettrie, l’hypothèse de l’harmonie préétablie sert paradoxalement à assoir « l’unité matérielle de l’homme » puisque, en insistant sur la liaison indissoluble de l’âme et du corps, elle tend à supprimer leur distinction. Il s’agit ainsi de s’interroger sur les usages de la philosophie de Leibniz hors de son contexte d’origine, afin d’en dégager le potentiel radical.
L’étude de l’actualité politique et la culture du débat dans les lycées prussiens des Lumières
Authors: Lerenard Mathilde
Published: January 2023

La contribution montre que les lycéens prussiens, en particulier berlinois, de la fin du xviii e  siècle étaient non seulement instruits dans les principes de la constitution prussienne, mais qu’ils apprenaient aussi et surtout les modalités du débat démocratique, et que l’histoire du présent, et même l’actualité politique immédiate, bénéficiait d’une place de choix dans les programmes et faisait l’objet d’une analyse minutieuse en classe.
« Gentle revolutionaries » : Les frères Humboldt et les idéaux de la Révolution française
Authors: Forster Michael N.
Published: January 2023

L’article défend la thèse selon laquelle Alexander von Humboldt et son frère Wilhelm von Humboldt étaient, tout au long de leur vie, attachés aux idéaux principaux de la Révolution française qu’ils cherchaient à réaliser par des moyens pacifiques, tels que des publications ou leur influence personnelle sur des puissants, de même que, dans le cas de Wilhelm, par un nouveau modèle pour l’université. Cette démarche ne fut pas infructueuse, particulièrement à long terme.
Par-delà le despotisme, ou pourquoi le roman du sérail est-il bien un roman ?
Authors: Chassot Fabrice
Published: January 2023

En interprétant le sérail comme une figuration du despotisme, n’a-t-on pas « orwellisé » la partie orientale des Lettres persanes  ? A-t-on pris la mesure d’un romanesque qui donne la part belle à l’imprévu et au libre jeu d’acteurs singuliers ? Certes, Montesquieu utilise le sérail pour concevoir une organisation de pouvoir réticulaire. Il se plaît à imaginer des techniques de gouvernement retorses qui excèdent le despotisme, et anticipent une biopolitique alors balbutiante. Mais il met aussi en question le fantasme d’un pouvoir tout puissant. Les passions subvertissent le fonctionnement du sérail et en révèlent les fêlures et les contradictions. Montesquieu expérimente également ce que serait la conscience de sujets qui seraient totalement assujettis : partagées entre demi-lucidité et aveuglement, tantôt complices du pouvoir, tantôt rebelles, les femmes d’Usbek ne se figent pas dans une identité prédéfinie.
Scolariser la fiction des Lettres persanes au lycée (manuels du XIX e au XXI e siècle)
Authors: Perret Laetitia
Published: January 2023

Si la fiction des Lettres persanes est scolarisée dès le début du xix e  siècle au lycée, c’est à travers des extraits qui diffèrent dans le temps. Les portraits connaissent ainsi un grand succès scolaire jusqu’aux années 1980, puis disparaissent en grande partie. La fable dite des « Troglodytes » est quant à elle scolarisée sur (presque) toute la période, mais avec des lectures très différentes, révélant l’évolution des finalités scolaires. Enfin la fiction orientale apparait tardivement et fait l’objet d’une lecture unifiante. Les Lettres persanes illustrent ainsi à merveille la progressive légitimation du genre romanesque dans la sphère scolaire.
Sémiologie du personnage dans Arsace et Isménie de Montesquieu
Authors: Gevrey Françoise
Published: January 2023

En s’intéressant aux personnages du dernier roman de Montesquieu qui se déroule en Orient, on souhaite dégager l’intérêt de l’auteur pour la fiction. Ces héros, situés dans une Asie mythique, sont présentés au lecteur dans un système narratif qui rappelle le roman baroque. Les péripéties nombreuses, les scènes théâtrales, les déguisements sollicitent la curiosité et la sensibilité du lecteur, tout comme la volupté de la passion amoureuse mariée ensuite avec une leçon de gouvernement. Mais devant ces effets-personnages, si souvent soumis au renversement, le lecteur doit rester vigilant, pour interroger les valeurs et pour concilier l’adhésion et la distance, la fiction étant ici comparable à la fable.
Je est un autre : Montesquieu « metempsycosiste »
Authors: Stewart Philip
Published: January 2023

La métempsychose qui dans l’ Histoire véritable autorise un libre jeu à l’auteur pour manipuler apparemment sans dessein des péripéties sans nombre pourrait servir aussi de métaphore pour la variété et le mélange de voix qui informent toutes les œuvres de Montesquieu et même le processus de leur création.
Une leçon d’art politique. Union politique et division sociale dans le chapitre « Des comices romains » ( Du contrat social , IV, 4)
Authors: Darriulat Gabriel
Published: January 2023

Cet article propose de lire le chapitre « Des Comices romains » du Contrat social comme un traité d’art politique. Rousseau y décrit la manière dont les législateurs romains ont institué des règles de répartitions des voix garantissant l’union et la vertu dans le corps des citoyens par-delà la division sociale. Notre lecture souligne l’importance des médiations politiques chez Rousseau pour la réalisation des principes du droit politique. Il ne suffit pas de réunir les citoyens en assemblée pour que la volonté générale y soit déclarée, il convient encore de modeler la manière dont les citoyens voteront en corps.
PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision LASIK in Commercial and Military Pilots Requiring Class 1 Medical Certification
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Ivory Eleanor , Chorley Adrian , Archer Timothy J. , Vida Ryan S. , Gupta Ruchi , Lewis Tariq , Carp Glenn I. , Fonseca Andrew , Parbhoo Mark
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

To report the outcomes of PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision LASIK (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) in presbyopic commercial and military pilots requiring Class 1 aeromedical certification.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of 23 consecutive pilots who underwent PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision LASIK. Postoperative visits were conducted at 1 day and 1, 3, and 12 months. Standard outcomes analysis was performed using the data at 12 months. Objective quality of vision measures including mesopic contrast sensitivity (CSV-1000; VectorVision), Ocular Scatter Index (HD Analyzer; Keeler), and straylight (C-Quant; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) were determined before and 3 months after surgery. A questionnaire to assess the functional vision of pilots before and after surgery was derived to record subjective outcomes.

Results:

Of the 23 pilots treated, data were available at 12 months for 22 pilots (95.7%) and at 3 months for 1 pilot (4.3%). Median age was 55 years (range: 42 to 65 years). At 12 months, binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 100% and 20/16 or better in 52% of pilots. Binocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity was J3 in 73%, J5 in 95%, and J10 in 100% of pilots. Binocular uncorrected near visual acuity was J1 or better in 78% and J2 or better in 100% of pilots. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction relative to the target was −0.04 ± 0.34 diopters (D) (range: −0.63 to +0.63 D), with 93% within ±0.50 D. There was a statistically significant increase in contrast sensitivity at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd. C-Quant straylight was 1.07 ± 0.16 before surgery and 1.06 ± 0.16 at 1 to 3 months after surgery (
P
= .705). All pilots achieved Class 1 medical certification from the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority and resumed flying. All pilots reported improved functionality compared to the previous vision correction method.

Conclusions:

PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision LASIK enabled presbyopic commercial pilots to continue to fly without the need for glasses. With consideration of the visually challenging cockpit environment, PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision LASIK provides clear continuous vision for tasks at near, intermediate, and far distance. Class 1 pilots reported a subjective improvement in visual tasks and comfort following surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(1):6–14.]
Comparison of Changes in Corneal Thickness and Curvature After Myopia Correction Between SMILE and FS-LASIK
Authors: Kim Bu Ki , Chung Young Taek
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

To comparatively investigate the changes in corneal thickness and curvature between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).

Methods:

Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, including central corneal thickness (CCT), midperipheral corneal thickness (MPCT), peripheral corneal thickness (PCT), central keratometry (CK), midperipheral keratometry (MPK), and peripheral keratometry (PK), using a dual rotating Scheimpflug analyzer.

Results:

At 1 week postoperatively, changes in CCT, MPCT, PCT, and PK were significantly greater in the SMILE group than in the FS-LASIK group (
P
= .003 for CCT and < .001 for MPCT, PCT, and PK), but no significant inter-group differences were found between changes in CK and MPK (
P
= .883 and .513, respectively). CCT, MPCT, and PK values showed a similar increase in both groups, but significantly more increase in PCT and significantly less increase in CK and MPK was observed in the SMILE group from 1 week to 3 months after surgery. At 3 months postoperatively, CCT and MPCT were significantly thinner in the SMILE group than in the FSLASIK group (
P
= .018 and .022, respectively), and there was no significant difference in PCT, CK, MPK, and PK between the two groups.

Conclusions:

SMILE caused significantly more corneal thinning at the center, midperiphery, and periphery, and more corneal flattening at the periphery, compared to FS-LASIK. A different pattern of corneal remodeling was observed between the two surgeries during the 3-month follow-up period.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(1):15–22.]
Being Rational and Being Wrong
Authors: Dorst Kevin
Published: January 2023

Do people tend to be overconfident? Many think so. They’ve run studies on whether people are calibrated: whether their confidence in their opinions matches the proportion of those opinions that are true. Under certain conditions, people are systematically ‘over-calibrated’—for example, of the opinions they’re 80% confident in, only 60% are true. From this empirical over-calibration, it’s inferred that people are irrationally overconfident. My question: When and why is this inference warranted? Answering it requires articulating a general connection between being rational and being right—something extant studies have not done. I show how to do so using the notion of deference. This provides a theoretical foundation to calibration research, but also reveals a flaw: the connection between being rational and being right is much weaker than is standardly assumed—rational people can often be expected to be miscalibrated. Thus we can’t test whether people are overconfident by simply testing whether they are over-calibrated; instead, we must try to predict the rational deviations from calibration, and then compare those predictions to people’s performance. I show how this can be done—and that doing so complicates the interpretation of robust empirical effects.
Respiratory symptoms among urban traffic policemen in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Parvez , Eaty Mahim , Alam Nazmul , Anthony Leela , Yasmin Nawzia
Published: January 2023

Background: There is accumulating evidence that roadside pollution is detrimental to health. Traffic police personnel are exposed to roadside pollution due to the nature of their job and are at risk of adverse health outcomes.Objective:  This study aims to compare the risk of adverse respiratory symptoms in different categories of traffic police including traffic constables, sergeants, and inspectors.Methods: The study population consisted of 369 randomly selected traffic police personnel from the city of Chittagong in Bangladesh. Information on their occupation and respiratory health symptoms were collected. The health outcomes were coughing, coughing sputum, coughing up blood, shortness of breathing, wheezing, and chest painResult: The risk of coughing [adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.469, 95% CI=1.265-15.793], coughing sputum [AOR= 3.687, 95% CI= 1.004 -13.540], coughing up blood [AOR=1.040, 95% CI=0.227-6.162], shortness of breathing [AOR=3.937, 95% CI=1.069-14.500], wheezing [AOR= 2.464, 95% CI= 0.613-9.906] and chest pain with deep breathing [AOR=2.163,95% CI= 0.560-8.349] was higher in traffic constables compared to inspectors. In sergeants odds increased for coughing up blood [AOR=1.102, 95% CI= 0.283-4.286] and wheezing [AOR=1.260, 95% CI= 0.304-5.229].Conclusion:  There was a substantial difference in the risk of studied respiratory symptoms between different categories of traffic police jobs. Targeted occupational health interventions are recommended.
Perceived stress and its psychosocial and clinical correlates among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammedhussein Mustefa , Dule Aman , Tessema Worknesh , Mamaru Almaz , Alenko Arefayne
Published: January 2023

Background:

Although various psychosocial consequences of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have been thoroughly evaluated, perceived stress has not been well studied.

Aim:

This study assessed perceived stress and its psychosocial and clinical correlates.

Methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 PTB patients. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23. Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation were used to test the association between perceived stress and other variables. Assumptions of linear regression were checked. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify statistically significant association at P < 0.05.

Results:

Anxiety, perceived social support, and stigma were found to have significant association with perceived stress in multiple regression analysis. Perceived social support and duration of treatment were negatively significantly associated with perceived stress. Patients with PTB had high perceived stress, and moderate to strong significant correlation was observed among variables.

Conclusion:

Interventions tailored at addressing various psychosocial aspects of tuberculosis (TB) are needed.
Evidence from Indian studies on safety and efficacy of therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation across neuropsychiatric disorders- A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tikka Sai Krishna , Godi Sangha Mitra , Siddiqui M Aleem , Garg Shobit
Published: January 2023

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is potentially effective as an augmentation strategy in the treatment of many neuropsychiatric conditions. Several Indian studies have been conducted in this regard. We aimed to quantitatively synthesize evidence from Indian studies assessing efficacy and safety of rTMS across broad range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Fifty two studies- both randomized controlled and non-controlled studies were included for a series of random-effects meta-analyses. Pre-post intervention effects of rTMS efficacy were estimated in “active only” rTMS treatment arms/groups and “active vs sham” (sham-controlled) studies using pooled Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs). The outcomes were ‘any depression’, depression in unipolar/bipolar depressive disorder, depression in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), depression in schizophrenia, schizophrenia symptoms (positive, negative, total psychopathology, auditory hallucinations and cognitive deficits), obsessive compulsive symptoms of OCD, mania, craving/compulsion in substance use disorders (SUDs) and migraine (headache severity and frequency). Frequencies and odds ratios (OR) for adverse events were calculated. Methodological quality of included studies, publication bias and sensitivity assessment for each meta-analyses was conducted. Meta-analyses of “active only” studies suggested a significant effect of rTMS for all outcomes, with moderate to large effect sizes, at both end of treatment as well as at follow-up. However, except for migraine (headache severity and frequency) with large effect sizes at end of treatment only and craving in alcohol dependence where moderate effect size at follow-up only, rTMS was not found to be effective for any outcome in the series of “active vs sham” meta-analyses. Significant heterogeneity was seen. Serious adverse events were rare. Publication bias was common and the sham controlled positive results lost significance in sensitivity analysis. We conclude that rTMS is safe and shows positive results in ‘only active’ treatment groups for all the studied neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the sham-controlled evidence for efficacy is negative from India.

Conclusion

rTMS is safe and shows positive results in “only active” treatment groups for all the studied neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the sham-controlled evidence for efficacy is negative from India.