bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Malignancy and Risk Factors Associated with Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Marvi Jadidi Reza , Mivefroshan Azam , Roosta Yousef
Published: January 2025

Background: The incidence and risk factors associated with the development of post-transplant malignancies contributes to increased morbidity among kidney transplant recipients were examined in this study. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted to evaluate the medical records of all kidney transplant recipients at Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital from January 2000 to December 2020. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the presence or absence of post-transplant malignancy. Demographic data, comorbidities, cancer history, and immunosuppression regimens were collected and compared between the groups. Statistical significance was determined using appropriate tests. All analyses were performed using SPSS 21, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 4070 kidney transplant recipients, 3042 (74.7%) were male and 1028 (25.3%) were female. The mean age at malignancy diagnosis was 53.78 years (standard deviation ± 14.24). The overall incidence of post-transplant malignancy was 9.6% per 1,000 patients (95% confidence interval: 9.6-13.2). Incidence rates varied significantly by age group: 4.6% for those younger than 30, 7.6% for those aged 30-50, and 29.3% for those older than 50 (P<0.001). A small percentage of patients (n=3, 7.7%) required the addition of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) to their primary immunosuppression regimen. The most commonly used immunosuppressive regimens were prednisolone in combination with either sandimune and azathioprine or sandimune and cellcept, employed in 35.9% of patients. The most common underlying causes of kidney failure were glomerulonephritis (GN) and hypertension (HTN), accounting for 38.5% and 35.9% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: Kidney transplant recipients demonstrated a higher incidence of post-transplant malignancies. Male sex, older recipient age, and a history of underlying diseases were identified as significant risk factors for malignancy development. The primary cause of kidney failure among the patients was GN, followed by HTN.
Evaluation of Risk Factors related to Ovarian Involvement in Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Akhavan Setareh , Mousavi Azam Alsadat , Zarifi Nasim , Sheikhhasani Shahrzad , Zamani Narges , Rezayof Elahe
Published: January 2025

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a cancer that occurs in women. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of Ovarian involvement (OI) in patients with EC and define the risk of developing an associated malignancy during follow-up after EC treatment. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study (n=280) was conducted to determine the risk factors of OI following EC in female patients with a definitive diagnosis of uterine cancer admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran over the preceding 15 years, between 2010 and 2024. We evaluated the roles of risk factors for OI, such as age, histological subtype, tumor grade, myometrial infiltration, tumor diameter, cervical infiltration, lympho vascular space invasion (LVSI), and positive peritoneal cytology for malignancy (P.P.C). Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the risk factors of myometer, LVSI, cervix, serous, tube, intra-abdominal, complaint, lymph node and omentum between the two groups with and without OI (P>0.05). Based on Univariate and Multiple Analysis, the results showed that Omentum Involvement, P.P.C and Serous Carcinoma were related to OI. Also, based on multivariate logistic regression The results confirmed that the following predictors were correlated with OI: P.P.C (OR=8.54, 95% CI=1.52_47.88, P-value=0.015), omentum involvement (OR=10.82, 95% CI=2.21_52.82, P-value=0.03), and serous carcinoma (OR=4.41, 95% CI=1.44_13.53, P-value 0.009). Conclusion: Myometer, LVSI, cervix, serous, tube, intra-abdominal, complaint, lymph node and omentum factors were related to OI. Evaluation of risk factors plays an important role in the management of EC patients who are exposed to ovarian metastasis, therefore, the diagnosis of risk factors can be helpful in treatment strategies.
Therapeutic Potential of Alpha-pinene in Breast Cancer: Targeting miR-21 and PTEN Gene Expression
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad , Alaee Mahdi , Ahadi Shana , Khanicherag Parisa , Ghayem Elham , Farhadi Galil Babadi Ghasem , Ghiasi Fatemeh , Azadpour Mojgan
Published: January 2025

Background: Alpha-pinene is an organic compound with anticancer properties. This compound has been used as a therapeutic factor in breast cancer (BC). miR-21 causes cancer cell invasion by inhibiting Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The present study evaluates the potential effect of Alpha-piene on the expression of PTEN and miR-21 genes in BC cells (MCF-7 cell line). Materials and Methods: In this study, the MCF-7 cell line was used. The cells were treated with Alpha- pinene. The viability of cells with different Alpha-pinene concentrations (i.e., 40, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) was evaluated with MTT assay. The expression of PTEN and miR-21 genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Results: The survival rate of cells in all concentrations was higher 24 h after treatment compared to 48 h after the treatment (P<0.0001). The expression of miR-21 in cells treated with 100 and 50 μM of Alpha- pinene reduced significantly compared to the control cells(P<0.001). PTEN gene expression was exactly the opposite of miR-21. Therefore, its expression increased significantly in cells treated with 100 μM of Alpha- pinene compared to the control cells (P<0.0001). Conclusion: In general, the use of Alpha- pinene led to decreased and increased expression of miR-21 and PTEN, respectively. These changes lead to the reduction of invasion and proliferation of BC cells. Therefore, the Alpha- pinene combination can be used as a therapeutic strategy to treat patients.
Tissue Reaction Elicited by Neosealer Flo, AH 26, and CC Sealer in Rats
Authors: Mahdavisefat Elham , Nazarimoghaddam Kiumars , Sedaghat Reza , Labbaf Hossien , Modaresi Jalil , Khalili Mohsen , Jafari Zahra
Published: January 2025

Background: Since root canal sealers are in contact with periradicular tissues, biocompatibility is one of their most important features .There is no available study about the biocompatibility of NSF and CC Sealer that are newly made bioceramic-based sealers. This study aimed to compare the tissue reaction elicited by NeoSealer Flo (NSF), AH26, and ColdCeramic Sealer (CC sealer) in rats. Material and Methods: The sealers were mixed and applied in molds to fabricate sealer discs, which were then implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of the backs of 30 healthy adult Albino Wistar rats. Each rat received three sealer discs and the fourth incision site remained empty as a control group. After 7, 30, and 90 days, the rats were sacrificed. Biopsy samples were evaluated regarding the extent and severity of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroplasia, and infiltration. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Tissue reaction to NSF was generally severe and increased up to day 30, but slightly decreased at three months, although it was still severe, and significantly greater than the tissue reaction to other sealer types. After one month, all rats in the NSF group showed foreign body reaction and giant cells around sealer particles; while, foreign body reaction was not seen in other groups. Tissue reaction to CC Sealer and AH26 was not significantly different at any point in time (P>0.05) and was the highest on day seven and then decreased up to month three. Conclusion: According to the present results, the CC Sealer appears to be a biocompatible material; however, NSF showed higher severity and extent of inflammation and triggered higher tissue reaction.
Finite Element Analysis of Stress Distribution in Tooth-Implant-Supported Prostheses: Impact of Periodontal Support, Tooth Count, and Implants
Authors: Younesi Farzan , Soleimanpour Solmaz , Alihemmati Mohammad , Bakhtiari Fatemeh , Taghavi Farnaz , Jahangiri Maryam , Shayegh Shojaedin
Published: January 2025

Background: Biomechanical factors are crucial for the success of tooth/implant-supported prostheses. Despite advancements in implantology, connecting natural teeth to implants remains challenging due to differences in movement, leading to potential complications. This study investigated the impact of periodontal support, number of teeth, and implants on stress distribution in tooth-implant-supported prostheses using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. Material and Methods: This study utilized 3D finite element analysis to evaluate six virtual tooth/implant-supported prostheses with two levels of periodontal support (normal and weak) and three bridge designs (three units, four units with two dental abutments, and four units with two implants). To create the mandibular bone model, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from a middle-aged patient was used. One ITI implant (4.1 × 10 mm) was used for the fixture model. Models of teeth and bridges were designed according to the principles of metal-ceramic prosthesis design. A static force of 250 N was applied in vertical and oblique directions (at 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis). Maximum Von Mises stress was calculated in megapascals, and stress contour diagrams were generated. Results: Poor periodontal support resulted in a slight increase in stress on the implant and bone. Increasing the number of teeth and implants significantly reduced the stress on the implant and bone. Stress variations were notably greater when applying oblique forces compared to vertical forces. Conclusion: A tooth with a crown-to-root ratio of 1:1 remains suitable as an abutment. Increasing the number of teeth and implants, along with occlusal adjustment, is recommended to reduce stress in the bone and minimize lateral forces applied to the prosthesis, thereby decreasing the risk of marginal bone loss.
Machine Learning Approaches for Integrating Clinical and Radiographic Data in the Early Detection of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Mahmoudi Anzabi Reza , Badkoobeh Ashkan , Nabian Majid , Shenasa Naghmeh , Khayami Zahra , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Abedi Diznab Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe bone condition characterized by the progressive destruction of the jawbone, often associated with the long-term use of antiresorptive medications such as bisphosphonates. Early detection of ONJ remains a significant clinical challenge due to the subtle onset of symptoms and limitations in current diagnostic methods, which rely on clinical assessment and radiographic imaging. Conventional techniques, such as panoramic X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often fail to detect early-stage ONJ, delaying diagnosis until more advanced stages. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the early detection and diagnosis of ONJ by integrating clinical and radiographic data. ML algorithms, including supervised learning methods like random forests, support vector machines, and deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks, are particularly suited for analyzing complex datasets and identifying patterns that are undetectable by traditional methods. These models can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of ONJ detection, potentially leading to earlier interventions and improved patient outcomes. This paper reviews the current state of ML applications in ONJ detection, emphasizing the integration of clinical and radiographic data. It discusses various ML approaches, their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, and the challenges involved in data integration. Also, this review highlights future directions of ML as a diagnostic tool that has the potential to revolutionize ONJ detection, offering a path toward earlier, more accurate diagnosis and better patient care.
A comparative study of the application of PBM therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular joint diseases (TMD)
Authors: Soleimani Soraya , Rouhollahpour Ahangar Ehsan , Akafzadeh Mehdi , Youssefi Navid
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Objective: This research explores the improvement in functional gains, jaw motions, and quality of life in individuals with muscular TMD, as well as the effectiveness of photobiomodulation treatment.
Methodology: Eleven women, ages 25 to 55, with mild to moderately severe temporomandibular dysfunction affecting both sides of their bodies, were included in the study. Using random assignment, the participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group was given even numbers, while the control group was assigned odd numbers. Each group was first created by choosing eight women. The experimental group consisted of five women who underwent photobiomodulation.
Results: The experimental group had considerably greater readings for all motions, including protrusion (p = 0.037), sides (p = 0.0025; p = 0.0014), and opening (p = 0.039), according to an examination of the groups. The control group's findings were statistically significant only for the measurements on the left and right (p = 0.0030 and 0.0026, respectively). Numerous traits associated with mandibular mobility showed a discernible improvement before and after therapy in the EG. These variables include noise at the right and left TMJ during opening and closing of the mouth (p = 0.019), noise at the right and left TMJ during protrusion (p = 0.147; p = 0.049), noise at the right and left TMJ during opening of the mouth (p = 0.028; p = 0.038), and noise at the left TMJ during opening of the mouth (p = 0.012). There was only a reduction in left-sided pain (p = 0.019) for the control group when comparing mandibular movements before and after treatment.
Conclusion: In conclusion, photobiomodulation treatment improved orofacial myofunctional therapy results, which increased speech therapy's efficacy in treating temporomandibular disorders.
A Narrative Review on Biologic Joint Therapy in Chronic Bilateral Mandibular Luxation
Authors: Shahidi Seyed Hossein , Ghasemzadeh Sadaf , Zarehgar Sayeh , Ghotbi Nader , Bagherian Fatemeh , Mahmoudi Anzabi Reza , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Ahangar Atashi Nima
Published: January 2025

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation, or dislocation, is a relatively infrequent but highly consequential condition that requires prompt medical attention. This narrative review strives to offer a thorough summary of TMJ luxation treatment modalities, with a focus on recent advancements in biological treatments. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted by synthesizing data from various sources, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The review covers studies published up to 2024. Results: Various surgical techniques, such as eminectomy, midline mandibulotomy, and extended prosthetic total TMJ reconstruction (eTMJR), have been used to treat chronic TMJ dislocation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have shown promise in treating TMJ disorders. PRP can promote healing and reduce inflammation, while HA improves mandibular mobility and reduces pain. A combination of HA and PRP has been found to be particularly effective in treating TMJ disorders. Autologous blood injection (ABI) has been shown to be effective in reducing the recurrence of dislocation and improving patient outcomes, with fewer side effects compared to other treatments. Conclusion: TMJ luxation is a multifactorial condition that requires prompt and appropriate management to prevent long-term complications. While various surgical techniques are available, biological treatments such as PRP, HA, and ABI have shown promising results, particularly in reducing pain and improving joint function. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is required to ascertain the most efficacious therapy modalities and to refine clinical guidelines for the management of TMJ luxation.
Systematic Review of the Combined Treatment of Endo, Ortho and Prosthesis in Maxillary Central Fracture Based on Surgical Points
Authors: Sajedeh Safari  , Anahita Dehghani Soltani  , Mohammad Amin Bafandeh  , Amir Abolhasani Zratcar  , Qaderi Nadieh
Published: January 2025

Background: The present study systematically investigated the combined treatment of endo, ortho and prosthetics in maxillary central fractured teeth based on surgical points. Materials and Method: In the current study, the issue was investigated by reviewing 39 articles and considering key words such as: "Combined endo, ortho and prosthetic treatment", "Central fractured tooth", "Upper jaw", "Surgical tips". The treatment of root-treated teeth whose crown structure has suffered severe destruction has always been considered. Results: The results of the recent study showed that the angles that in single units will cause the access hole to be placed in the buccal and in bridges will cause the prosthesis to be locked in the connections. Conclusion: Composite blinds along with cemented tooth-colored dowels are commonly used to restore root-treated teeth, and many studies have been done on the mechanical properties and to some extent micro leakage of these restorations. One of the main causes of failure in restorative treatments for endodontic teeth with extensive destruction is the reduction of tooth fracture resistance and restoration.
Advances in Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Taghizadeh Emad , Mirmohammadi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Khosravi Arezoo , Mojarab Gholamreza , Shahoon Hossein
Published: January 2025

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a debilitating condition characterized by progressive bone tissue necrosis, commonly linked to bisphosphonates, radiation therapy, or trauma. Traditional treatments, such as surgical debridement and conservative management, often fail to fully restore bone function, driving the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Regenerative medicine, particularly cellular therapies and biomaterials, has emerged as a promising field in ONJ treatment. This review explores recent advancements in regenerative approaches for ONJ, with a focus on Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bioengineered scaffolds. MSCs, with their dual ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and modulate immune responses, play a crucial role in bone regeneration by both forming new bone tissue and reducing inflammation. Bioengineered scaffolds, such as hydrogels, bioactive ceramics, and nanomaterials, provide essential structural support and create a conducive environment for cellular growth and tissue repair. The combination of MSCs with these biomaterials has demonstrated a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing bone healing and regeneration. Additionally, emerging techniques such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) offer new avenues for improving clinical outcomes in ONJ patients. However, several challenges remain, including regulatory barriers, the need for standardized cell isolation and delivery protocols, and scalability issues for clinical application. This review further examines emerging technologies, such as 3D bioprinting and personalized medicine, which offer the potential to tailor regenerative treatments to individual patients, thereby improving both the efficacy and longevity of therapies. In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in the application of regenerative medicine for ONJ, continued research is essential to address current limitations, optimize treatment protocols, and ensure broader clinical adoption. Advances in cellular therapies and biomaterials hold transformative potential for improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with ONJ.
Managing Local Bleeding in Dentoalveolar Surgery: Practical Techniques and Best Practices: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rahmani Fatemeh , Nikeghbal Dorsa , Zarehgar Sayeh , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Aryanezhad Seyed Sasan , Mahmoudi Anzabi Reza , Zareanshahraki Mehran , Goodarzi Ali
Published: January 2025

Effective management of local bleeding is essential for safe and successful dentoalveolar surgery, particularly among patients with bleeding disorders, those on anticoagulant therapy, or individuals with systemic conditions affecting hemostasis. This narrative review explores practical and advanced approaches for controlling bleeding in dentoalveolar procedures, with a focus on patient-centered strategies that minimize risk while accommodating complex clinical needs. Based on this narriative review, Beginning with an overview of the pathophysiology of bleeding in the oral cavity, the review examines conventional methods such as mechanical compression, sutures, and the use of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors. Further, it evaluates the application of pharmacological agents, including topical hemostatic products like gelatin sponges, oxidized cellulose, and tranexamic acid, which have shown efficacy in high-risk patients without disrupting systemic anticoagulation therapy. For special populations, including those with congenital coagulopathies and liver disease, tailored approaches are reviewed to address unique bleeding challenges. Additionally, innovative hemostatic materials and laser-assisted techniques are discussed as emerging options that promise enhanced safety and effectiveness in complex cases. By synthesizing current knowledge on bleeding control methods, this review provides clinicians with practical guidance for optimizing hemostasis in dentoalveolar surgery. The insights and recommendations presented aim to improve patient outcomes, reduce perioperative complications, and support a balanced approach to local and systemic hemostatic management in diverse patient groups.
Communal Houses in Architectural Herit-age of Le Corbusier. Unité d'Habitation (1945–1952)
Authors: Polyakov E. N. , Polyakova O. P. , Voevoda Yu. E.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to one of the most famous projects of multi-storey residential buildings made in the traditions of functionalism and brutalism by S.-E. Jeanneret-Gree (Le Corbusier), a French architect. According to its creator, the Housing Unit (1945-1952) is the next work in his creativity. Upon its completion, S.-E. Jeanneret-Gree joined the Pleiades of outstanding modern architects, having the opportunity to freely experiment with a variety of architectural styles (modernism, brutalism). The paper analyzes main architectural and design concepts of CharlesEdouard, implemented in the general and floor plans of this unusual building.
Primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma with intraspinal metastasis in children: illustrative case
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Jin Tong , Wang Xinfa , Zhang Rui , Zhu Yongjie
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The diagnosis of intracranial extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma (EES) poses challenges due to the absence of specific clinical and imaging features prior to surgery. It is crucial to differentiate the tumor from other small round cell malignancies postoperatively.

OBSERVATIONS

A 7-year-old patient was admitted to the authors’ hospital due to the in situ recurrence of a posterior fossa tumor more than 1 month after the initial surgery for headache. Subsequently, a second surgery was performed at the authors’ hospital, and pathological analysis indicated medulloblastoma. Genetic testing indicated Ewing’s sarcoma. After 16 cycles of chemotherapy and 8 weeks of focal radiotherapy, the patient continued to exhibit clinical and radiographic remission. Whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intraspinal enhancing lesions, which extended throughout the entire spinal canal. Palliative treatment was administered. The patient has been under observation for 2 months thus far, demonstrating disease stability as a result of the palliative treatment.

LESSONS

Primary intracranial EES is an exceptionally rare condition that can be easily misdiagnosed. Genetic testing is necessary to differentiate it from other small round cell tumors. Currently, a combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy has proven to be an effective treatment approach. Postoperative follow-up should include MRI examination of the entire nervous system to detect any cerebrospinal fluid seeding metastasis and reduce mortality.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24488
Surgical correction of a chin-on-abdomen deformity due to ankylosing spinal deformity and obesity: illustrative case
Authors: Rostami Mohsen , Varela Jesus Roberto , Kerolus Mena G. , DeWald Christopher J. , Fontes Ricardo B. V.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Kyphotic spinal deformity is a complication of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In rare cases, particularly in obese patients, the deformity might extend to the cervicothoracic spine, resulting in a severe “chin-on-abdomen” deformity. This condition severely impairs quality of life by affecting gaze, swallowing, and causing chronic pain. While corrective surgery is often performed for lumbar and thoracic kyphosis, cases involving global kyphotic deformities are less common.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present the case of a 66-year-old obese man with AS and a chin-on-abdomen deformity. Prone positioning for surgery was not feasible due to his body habitus. A three-stage corrective surgery was performed: a C7 extension osteotomy in a semisitting position, an L3 pedicle subtraction osteotomy in the lateral decubitus position, and a T11 vertebral column resection in the prone position. The first stage utilized a seldom-used, earlier osteotomy technique with modern instrumentation and neuromonitoring. Obesity again precluded prone positioning in the second stage, necessitating surgery in the lateral position. Postoperatively, the patient exhibited significant postural improvement, maintained over a 5-year follow-up period.

LESSONS

This case underscores the importance of adaptable techniques and positioning strategies in correcting complex spinal deformities in obese patients with AS. Integrating traditional methods with modern technology is crucial for achieving successful outcomes.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24664
Tour guide performance through the eyes of tourists: An analysis of user-generated reviews on Expedia
Authors: Yılmaz Neşe , Özsoy Aybüke , Demirel İli Nilgün
Published: January 2025

This research aims to evaluate the impact of tour guides on the overall tour experience and to improve the destination experience for tourists by measuring tour guide performance. As a research pattern, a case study of qualitative research and web content analysis method was applied in the study. The analysis was conducted based on 260 comments related to tour guides. Content analysis was conducted according to 2 main themes (personality traits and guiding skills) and 18 sub-themes determined by reading the comments. Word clouds, word frequencies, theme and sub-theme frequencies, and percentages were utilized in the analysis. The content analysis showed that tour guides had comprehensive professional knowledge, were friendly and helpful towards tourists, and were also proficient in the language they spoke, which in turn contributed to a more satisfying tour experience. The research highlights the significant impact of tour guides' behavior on the overall tour experience and the importance of measuring their performance to enhance the destination experience for tourists and explores the use of User Generated Content (UGC) on Expedia to achieve this.
Genomic evolution of α-proteobacteria in the symbiotic system
Authors: Provorov N. A. , Andronov E. E.
Published: January 2025

One of the major strategies for evolution of bacteria, accompanied by pronounced changes in their genetic organization, is the formation of symbioses with eukaryotes. They provide their micropartners with nutrients and ecological niches, in which bacteria implement trophic or protective functions used by their hosts. Acquisition of the ability for symbiosis is associated with formation of specialized sym gene systems, which is often accompanied by a modification in bacterial genome structure. In nodule bacteria (rhizobia) – N2-fixing symbionts of leguminous plants, most of which belong to α-proteobacteria of order Hyphomicrobiales, the symbiogenic changes in genomes vary depending on the taxonomic position. In the evolutionarily primary rhizobia of family Bradyrhizobiaceae, which emerged directly from free-living N2-fixers, transition to symbiosis is accompanied by a significant (1.5–2 times) increase in the genome size. However, their genomes retain a unitary structure: in the majority of Bradyrhizobium strains, more than 95% of genes are located in chromosomes. In the secondary rhizobia of family Phyllobacteriaceae (Mesorhizobium, Phyllobacterium), which emerged by transfer of sym genes into soil bacteria, various stages were revealed for formation of multipartite genome harboring a significant part of genes in extrachromosomal elements (ECE) – plasmids and chromids. The most pronounced multicomponent genome structure is found in the Rhizobiaceae family (Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Neorhizobium), in which the total size of ECEs containing sym genes can exceed the size of chromosome. In these bacteria, transfer from tropical to temperate ecosystems was accompanied by narrowing the host specificity, however, modification of genome structure was revealed only in Sinorhizobium, in which the proportion of ECE increases up to 51% of genome. Such genomes were also revealed in associative (rhizospheric, endophytic) N2-fixers of genus Azospirillum, in which ECE comprise up to 60% of a genome. The irreversibly differentiated N2-fixing cellular forms, bacteroids formed by rhizobia are included into the temporary organelles, symbiosomes considered as precursors of N2 -fixing organelles which are revealed in some protists and are probably may be constructed for the crop plants.
Bioleaching of copper-zinc concentrate at different temperatures
Authors: Bulaev A. G. , Artykova A. V. , Elkina Yu. A. , Kolosov A. V. , Nechaeva A. V. , Beletski A. V. , Kadnikov V. V. , Melamud V. S. , Mardanov A. V.
Published: January 2025

The goal of this work was to study the process of bioleaching of arsenic-containing polymetallic concentrate containing 16.0% Cu, 5.3% Zn and 1.7% As, under different conditions. The dependence of the leaching of non-ferrous metals on temperature (45 and 55°C) and the use of CO2 and molasses bioreactors as carbon sources for the microbial population, as well as differences in the composition of microbial populations formed in different conditions were studied. Increasing temperatures led to the increase leaching of both copper and zinc. However, at a higher temperature (55°C), the use of additional carbon sources significantly affected the extraction of metals, while at 45°C, the extraction of metals did not differ significantly between different experimental variants. A study of the microbial populations of bioreactors showed that both temperature changes and additional carbon sources influenced the microbial populations that formed during the bioleaching process. When using carbon dioxide at 45°C, the total number of microbial cells was 1.4 times higher than in other variants, and at 55°C, it was 8 times higher. In addition, changes in the relationships between microorganisms in microbial populations were observed. At 45°C, microbial populations were dominated by iron-oxidizing heterotrophic archaea of the genus Ferroplasma, heterotrophic archaea of the genus Cuniculiplasma, sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria of the genus Acidithiobacillus, mixotrophic iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus. At 55°C, the microbial populations were dominated by bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus and iron-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Leptospirillum. The use of carbon dioxide led to the dominance of bacteria of the genus Sulfobacillus: the proportion of 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences of this genus was 99.9%.
Prevalence of the phenomenon of production of peptide factors of antagonism among coagulase-negative staphylococci
Authors: Polyudova T. V. , Lemkina L. M. , Antipyeva M. V. , Yesaev A. L. , Korobov V. P.
Published: January 2025

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from clinical hospital environmental objects were screened for their ability to produce antibacterial compounds. It was shown that CNS strains with pronounced antagonistic activity were detected with a frequency of about 1.4%. The antibacterial activity of individual CNS strains was due to the release of low-molecular peptide compounds into the environment. The molecular weight of three isolated peptides was 2985, 2998, and 3004 Da. The peptide secreted by Staphylococcus hominis bacteria contains an unusual amino acid, methyllanthionine, and can be classified as a class I bacteriocin, a lantibiotic. The antibacterial activity of the isolated peptides was demonstrated against gram-positive bacteria of various genera that are phylogenetically unrelated to the producers.
Alkalo-thermophilic iron-reducing bacteria of the Goryachinskoe thermal water deposit
Authors: Zavarzina D. G. , Klyukina A. A. , Merkel A. Yu. , Maslova T. A. , Maslov A. A.
Published: January 2025

A study of the metabolic group of iron-reducing prokaryotes that use the weakly crystalline mineral ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor has revealed its widespread distribution on Earth. However, the ability of iron reducers to develop in polyextreme conditions – at elevated pH values and temperatures – has not yet been demonstrated. To prove the existence of alkalithermophilic iron reducers, we studied water and sediment samples from the Goryachinsk nitrogen springs. These springs are confined to young tectonic faults of the Baikal rift zone, and their waters are characterized by low mineralization, high pH (8.8‒9.2) and temperature (53‒55°C). By adding synthesized ferrihydrite to water and bottom sediment samples from the Goryachinsk springs and incubating them under anaerobic conditions at temperatures of 50 and 55°C, enrichment cultures were obtained that reduce this mineral. Profiling of water and sediment samples and primary enrichment cultures by the 16S rRNA gene revealed their high phylogenetic diversity, represented almost exclusively by bacterial taxa. Further transfers with ferrihydrite and organic acids or hydrogen added as an electron donor allowed us to obtain stable enrichment cultures of organo- and lithotrophic alkalithermophilic iron reducers. From 30 to 50% of their total representation were representatives of the genus Parvivirga , one of the first cultivated representatives of the OPB41 group (now the order Anaerosomatales) of the phylum Actinomycetota.
New strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis highly toxic for Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pipiens
Authors: Khodyrev V. P. , Polenogova O. V. , Artemchenko A. S. , Krivopalov A. V. , Glupov V. V.
Published: January 2025

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is a known subspicies of crystal-forming entomopathogenic bacteria used to control blood-sucking mosquitoes. In this work, we isolated three different strains of Bti 4369, 4929 and 4999 from the wild larvae midgut of blood-sucking mosquitoes Aedes flavescens . The bacterial isolates were identified by the 16S rRNA gene and serotype determination revealed that the strains belonged to Bt subsp. israelensis H14. The strains had differences in bacterial colony morphology, a number of biochemical characteristics and protein endotoxin profiles. The isolated strains Bti 4369 and 4999 showed high insecticidal activity against Culex pipiens pipiens and Aedes aegypti larvae, with LC50 values of 1.47 ×108 ‒2.26 × 108 spores/ml 24 hours after treatment. The value for strain Bti 4929 LC50 was 32.7‒35.9 × 108 spores/ml. The new isolated strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have high potential for the development of ecological friendly bioinsecticides for the control of blood-sucking mosquitoes.
Optimization of conditions for the determination of low concentrations of chlorate ions in alkali metal chloride solutions by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sursyakova V. V. , Shataev D. A. , Rubaylo A. I.
Published: January 2025

The separation of chloride and chlorate ions in the case of a significant excess of chloride ions in a sample is studied by capillary electrophoresis. It is found that under standard separation conditions using a chromate background electrolyte, the signal-to-noise ratio for the chlorate ion peak at c(ClO3–) = 0.1 mM sharply decreases at the concentration ratio c(Cl–)/c(ClO3–) 100. A number of approaches are considered to eliminate this phenomenon. The most effective approach was to introduce a solution containing acetate ions into the capillary after the sample zone to create conditions for transient isotachophoresis. Optimal parameters for the electrophoretic separation of chloride and chlorate ions are selected at a chloride ion content of 35 mM in the sample. The limit of detection is 0.01 mM chlorate ions (0.03–0.06% based on the mass of dry potassium, sodium, or lithium chlorides). The calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.01–1 mM ClO3–. The selected conditions allow the determination of chlorate ions at a molar ratio of chloride to chlorate ions of 35–3500. The stacking efficiency factors are 10–70. Perchlorate ions do not interfere with the determination of chlorate ions at the concentrations of both ions of 0.1 mM or lower. The procedure is tested by analysis of table salt.
Historical metallurgical taxonomy: geoarchaeological and archaeometallurgical aspects
Authors: Tkachev Vitaly V.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the terminology of historical and metallurgical research of the early metal era (Chalcolithic – Bronze Age). The logic of the development of the historical and metallurgical research, as well as outstanding discoveries of recent years in this area urge the need not only to specify and clarify the meaning of some key terms, but also to introduce new taxonomic units that would contribute to a more comprehensive picture of ancient metal industries. The geoarchaeological aspect in historical and metallurgical research determines the following taxonomic series: mine – mining and metallurgical district – mining and metallurgical centre – mining and metallurgical region. In this case, it is necessary to specify the chronological position. The taxonomic series of concepts reflecting the archaeometallurgical aspect of historical and metallurgical problems can be presented in the following form: local centre of metal production – district centre of metal production – core area of metal production – zone of metal production – metallurgical province. For centres and core areas of metal production, it is possible to clarify their metallurgical or metalworking status. The core areas of metal production are fractions of culture (subcultures) and correlate with archaeological cultures, while metal production zones correlate with blocks of cultures. Such a correlation takes historical and metallurgical research beyond the study of ancient industries expanding research horizons.
Restoring the appearance of a barbarian woman from the Southwestern Crimea. Frontovoye 3 burial ground
Authors: Veselovskaya Elizaveta V. , Dobrovolskaya Maria V. , Mastykova Anna V. , Sviridov Alexey N. , Svirkina Natalia G. , Bogomolov Evgeny S.
Published: January 2025

In the Roman-era necropolis Frontovoye 3, uncovered in 2018 in the Southwestern Crimea, three burials were discovered in ground crypt 16. One of them (skeleton 1) belonged to a woman 30-39 years old. Due to the good preservation of the skull, it was chosen for craniofacial reconstruction of the buried woman. To reconstruct the appearance, the method of M.M. Gerasimov was used supplemented with new developments, namely the “Appearance Algorithm” programme. A paleoanthropological study was conducted. The complete information about the lifetime dimensional characteristics of the woman’s head was obtained, and the qualitative lifetime individual features of her appearance were determined. The final stage is the creation of a sculptural reconstruction of the woman’s appearance. The paper features a contour reconstruction illustrating the process of restoring the appearance based on the skull.
РОЗРОБКА МОДЕЛІ ВПЛИВУ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО БОРГУ НА МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК УКРАЇНИ
Authors: РАЗІНЬКОВА Міла
Published: January 2025

Розроблено модель впливу зовнішнього боргу на макроекономічний розвиток України. Встановлено, що у випадку військових дій, втрачених територій, зруйнованих міст неможливо порівняти модельні дані з поточними даними. Отримана модель чітко описує динаміку всіх показників, вибраних у дослідженні. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для формулювання заходів політики управління державним боргом, прогнозування відповідних макроекономічних показників та використання результатів для загального управління економічним розвитком України.
Konsep Moderasi Beragama pada QS. Al-Baqarah 143 dalam Kitab Tafsir Marah Labid dan Al Misbah
Authors: Islam Fahmi , Rahmi Aufa Dzakiyyah
Published: January 2025

At present, Muslims are still faced with two challenges, first, there is still a tendency to be extreme among Muslims in understanding the Qur'an, they impose their understanding in the midst of Muslim society, even to the point of using violence in spreading their understanding. Secondly, there is another tendency to relax the extremism in terms of religion so that it can lead to negative actions and thoughts that come from outside, namely other cultures and civilizations. Therefore, this research aims to find out the concept of religious moderation Qs. Al-Baqarah [2]: 143 in the Marah Labid and Al-Misbah commentaries, which have different paradigms and characteristics. This research uses the method of comparison (muqarran), which takes the point of view and interpretation process of two mufassirs, namely Nawawi Al-Bantani in the interpretation book Marah Labid and Quraish Shihab. The discussion of religious moderation in the two mufassirs is very necessary to do because it will help get an understanding of the moderate attitude in the life of society and the state that is easy to understand and understand. The concept of religious moderation in Qs. Al-Baqarah 143 according to Nawawi al-Bantani is fair, choice, knowledge and charity (work) always think before doing something and tolerance while according to Quraish Shihab moderate, exemplary, impartial middle position between the left and right camps, fair and balanced more to the nature of openness to differences. This interpretation can of course be influenced by their biases as mufassirs who are influenced by various factors of their lives and also have implications for the acceptance of an understanding of religious moderation that is easily understood by the community.
The Indirect Benefits of a Transit Apprenticeship and its Potential Value as a Flexible Postsecondary Pathway
Authors: McConnell Kathleen , Raman Priya
Published: January 2025

The transit sector has begun to embrace apprenticeships as a worthwhile training model. Apprenticeships may also address young people’s interest in career advancement opportunities, an additional benefit to the transit sector as it replaces an aging workforce and resolves other recruitment challenges. Apprenticeships that emphasize both technical and soft skills invest in career advancement by offering employees the chance to develop “cross-cutting competencies.” A highly developed model of this approach is found in the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority Joint Workforce Initiative (JWI), which formally recognizes skills acquisition with accredited certificates. Further development of this model would find support in initiatives to restructure postsecondary education in ways that better integrate non-degree and degree programs. Those efforts are gaining strength in response to persistent non-completion rates and declining college wealth premiums. This study contextualizes the JWI’s strengths within the revival of non-degree credentials fueled by efforts like the California Guided Pathways Program. It identifies the JWI as a good candidate for pathways that lead to a degree. Drawing on guidelines for connecting job training with degree programs, the study details the importance of affordability, portability, and articulation and outlines how these features could be further developed in the JWI.
Boosting Students’ Mathematical Self-Confidence with Guided Discovery Learning and Geogebra Assistance
Authors: Julia Rida , Kania Nia
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas model Guided Discovery Learning berbantuan GeoGebra dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa, dengan fokus khusus pada rasa percaya diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi Sistematic Literature Review (SLR) yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, peninjauan, dan dokumentasi, dengan pengelompokan, analisis, dan penarikan kesimpulan dari data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan guru dapat memanfaatkan pendekatan Guided Discovery Learning dengan bantuan GeoGebra untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dengan tetap memperhatikan tingkat kepercayaan diri. Siswa yang menggunakan model Guided Discovery Learning berbantuan GeoGebra mempunyai kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yang lebih baik.
This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Guided Discovery Learning model assisted by GeoGebra in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities, with a special focus on self-confidence. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology which includes planning, reviewing, and documentation stages, grouping, analysis, and concluding the data. The research results show that teachers can utilize the Guided Discovery Learning approach with the help of GeoGebra to improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities while still paying attention to their level of self-confidence. Students who use the Guided Discovery Learning model assisted by GeoGebra have better mathematical problem-solving abilities.
Жоғары білім беру жүйесінде «Жалпы тіл білімін» лингвистиканың ғылыми-теориялық базасы ретінде оқыту
Authors: Набидуллин А.С. , Дәулетбекова Ж.Т.
Published: January 2025

Мақала жоғары білім беру жүйесіндегі «Жалпы тіл білімін» оқытудың өзектілігін талдауға және «Жалпы тіл білімі» пәнін лингвистиканың ғылыми-теориялық базасы ретінде дәйектеуге арналған. Зерттеудегі талдау нәтижелері мен ұсынылған қорытындылар ғылыми-теориялық базаны құрайтын пәндерді оқытудың студенттердің ғылыми-танымдық әлеуетін қалыптастырудағы рөлін бағалауға мүмкіндік береді. Қазіргі жоғары білім беру жүйесінде мамандарды даярлаудың тиімді тұжырымдамасын ұсыну үшін білімнің сапасына басымдық беру қажеттілігі айқын көрініп отыр. «Жалпы тіл білімі» пәнінің білім мазмұнында лингвистиканың жеке ғылым саласы ретінде қалыптасу, даму сатылары, кезеңдері, әдістері-тәсілдері, ғылыми парадигмалары сияқты  ең маңызды ғылыми ақпараттар қамтылады. Осымен байланысты бұл пән студенттердің лингвистика бойынша ғылыми-танымдық әлеуетін арттыратын іргелі білімдер жүйесі болып табылады.
Мақаланың басты мақсаты – жоғары білім беру жүйесінде «Жалпы тіл білімін» лингвистиканың ғылыми-теориялық базасы ретінде оқытудың өзектілігін анықтау және осы саладағы назар аударылуы тиіс негізгі мәселелерді жүйелеу.