bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chemical Degradation on the Surface Properties of Nano Restorative Materials
Authors: de Paula AB , de Fúcio SBP , Alonso RCB , Ambrosano GMB , Puppin-Rontani RM
Published: December 2013

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of chemical degradation on the surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (Knoop hardness number [KHN]) of nano restorative materials.

Methods

Disc-shaped specimens (5-mm diameter; 2-mm thick) of Filtek Z350 and TPH Spectrum composites and the Vitremer and Ketac Nano light-curing glass ionomer cements were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 hours, polishing procedures were performed and initial measurements of Ra and KHN were taken. The specimens were divided into 12 groups (n=10) according to material and storage media: artificial saliva, orange juice, and Coca-Cola. After 30 days of storage, the specimens were reevaluated for Ra and KHN. The pH values of the storage media were measured weekly. Data were tested for significant differences by repeated-measures three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p<0.05).

Results

Composites were found to present lower roughness values and higher hardness values than the ionomeric materials under all storage conditions. After degradation, the KHN of all experimental samples decreased significantly, while the Ra of the ionomeric materials increased, depending on the media, with a markedly negative impact of Coca-Cola and orange juice. There was no difference among the storage media for Filtek Z350 with regard to the KHN values. Nanofillers did not show any influence on the roughness and hardness of resin-modified glass ionomer cements and resin composites concerning their degradation resistance.
Purification and anticonvulsant activity of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen)
Authors: Skalicka-Woźniak Krystyna , Zagaja Mirosław , Głowniak Kazimierz , Łuszczki Jarogniew
Published: December 2013

The aim of the present study was to determine the anticonvulsant effects of xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen) isolated from the fruit of Pastinaca sativa L. This plant is used in European traditional medicine, including Poland. For this purpose, high-performance counter-current chromatography was used. Different solvent systems, mixtures of n-heptane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were tested in order to calculate partition coefficients. Finally, a mixture with the ratio of 1:1:1:1 (v/v/v/v), giving the K value = 0.92, was chosen as optimal. A rapid scale-up process from analytical to preparative was developed. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant action of xanthotoxin in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure test revealed that it produced a clear-cut anticonvulsant action in mice, and the experimentally-derived median effective doses (ED50 values) ranged between 219 and 252 mg kg−1.
Detection of a novel mutation in exon 20 of the BRCA1 gene
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijit , Katarkar Atul , Chaudhuri Keya , Mukhopadhyay Ashis , Basak Jayasri
Published: December 2013

Hereditary breast cancer constitutes 5–10% of all breast cancer cases. Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes account for the majority of hereditary breast cancer cases. The BRCA1 C-terminal region (BRCT) has a functional duplicated globular domain, which helps with DNA damage repair and cell cycle checkpoint protein control. More than 100 distinct BRCA1 missense variants with structural and functional effects have been documented within the BRCT domain. Interpreting the results of mutation screening of tumor-suppressor genes that can have high-risk susceptibility mutations is increasingly important in clinical practice. This study includes a novel mutation, p.His1746 Pro (c.5237A>C), which was found in BRCA1 exon 20 of a breast cancer patient. In silico analysis suggests that this mutation could alter the stability and orientation of the BRCT domain and the differential binding of the BACH1 substrate.
Characterization of ICRISAT Peanut Mini-Core Accessions with Regards to a Molecular Marker Associated with Resistance to Sclerotinia Blight
Authors: Chamberlin K. D.
Published: December 2013

Cultivated peanut, the second most economically important legume crop throughout the United States and the third most important oilseed in the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in the Southwestern U.S., Virginia, and North Carolina and can reduce yield by up to 50% in severely infested fields. Although host plant resistance would provide the most effective solution to managing Sclerotinia blight, limited sources of resistance to the disease are available for use in breeding programs. Peanut germplasm collections are available for exploration and identification of new sources of resistance, but traditionally the process is lengthy, requiring years of field testing before those potential sources can be identified. Molecular markers associated with phenotypic traits can speed up the screening of germplasm accessions. The objective of this study was to characterize the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) mini-core collection with regards to a molecular marker associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance. One hundred twenty-four (124) accessions from the collection were available and genotyped using the SSR marker and 67 were identified as potential new sources of resistance and targeted for further evaluation in field tests for Sclerotinia blight resistance.
Progress and controversies: Radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer
Authors: Jagsi Reshma
Published: December 2013

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Radiation therapy is a critical component of the multidisciplinary management of invasive breast cancer. In appropriately selected patients, radiation not only improves local control, sparing patients the morbidity and distress of local recurrence, but it also improves survival by preventing seeding and reseeding of distant metastases from persistent reservoirs of locoregional disease. In recent years, considerable progress has been made toward improving our ability to select patients most likely to benefit from radiotherapy and to administer treatment in ways that maximize clinical benefit while minimizing toxicity and burden. This article reviews the role of radiation therapy in invasive breast cancer management, both after breast‐conserving surgery and after mastectomy. It focuses particularly on emerging evidence that helps to define the clinical situations in which radiotherapy is indicated, the appropriate targets of treatment, and optimal approaches for minimizing both the toxicity and the burden of treatment, all in the context of the evolving surgical and systemic management of this common disease. It includes a discussion of new approaches in breast cancer radiotherapy, including hypofractionation and intensity modulation, as well as a discussion of promising avenues for future research. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:135–152. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Correlation between Periodontal Diseases and Chronological Age among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients attending at National Healthcare Network (NHN) Mirpur Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Shaikh Zakir , Alif Sheikh Mohammad , Tarafder Monowar Ahmad , Hossain Sarder Mahmud
Published: December 2013

Background: The relationship between diabetes and periodontal diseases has been studied extensively during the past 50 years. Type 2 diabetes occurs mainly in people aged over 40, although it is affecting a growing number of young people. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes have poor resistance to infection with effects in mouth cavity and elsewhere in the body and show an unusually high susceptibility to periodontal diseases and increased susceptibility to acute lateral periodontal abscesses. Objective: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the relationship between periodontal diseases and chronological age among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending at National Healthcare Network (NHN) Mirpur Centre, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: A total 120 type 2 diabetic patients attended at diabetic centre for routine checkup over a period of six months from August 2011 to January 2012 who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected consecutively. Pre-tested semi structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect the information. Cross tabulations and associations were determined by using the chi-square test and simple linear regression from Statistical Package for the Social Sciences where applicable. Results: Chronological age of the patients was significantly associated with the manifestation of periodontal diseases (p=0.004). Moreover, age was useful as a predictor of periodontal diseases as the correlation coefficients showed statistically significant result (p=0.008). In addition, for each year increase of age of the patients there was 0.20% increase of occurrence of periodontal diseases. Conclusion: Periodontal diseases can adversely affect the metabolic control of diabetes. Conversely, treatment of periodontal disease and reduction of oral inflammation may have a positive effect on the diabetic condition, although evidence for this remains somewhat equivocal. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 74-79 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17209
Correlation between Microalbuminuria and Ultrasonographically Measured Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Taher Md. Abu , Malek Musarrat Abdul , Rahmen Nayema , Abedin Naffisa , Shegufta Farzana , Sharif Md. Mofazzal , Rahman Md. Towhidur
Published: December 2013

Background: Microalbuminuria is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Carotid intima media thickness reflects index of cardiovascular disease. There is increased prevalence of microalbuminuria found in type 2 diabetes. So there is a positive correlation between microalbuminuria and carotid intima media thickness in type 2 diabetic subjects. Objective: This study was performed to find out correlation between microalbuminuria and ultrasonographically measured carotid intima media thickness in type 2 diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology & Imaging, BIRDEM from 1st june 2011 to 31st may 2012. A total number of 90 type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria were included. All the subjects underwent B mode sonographic imaging of the extracranial carotid arteries. The intima media thickness of both left and right side was recorded. Urinary albumin and creatinine were measured in random urine samples. The urinary albumin concentration was determined by turbidimetric immuneassay (TIA) with the use of superior microalbumin kit and creatinine was measured by Jaffes reaction. Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) was calculated. Results: The total number of patient was 90,male were 68 and female were 22 (Male female ratio was 3.09:1). Mean age was 55.6 years with standard deviation(SD) ± 6.06 years (Range 45-65 years).The mean ACR was 78.9 mg/g with standard deviation(SD) ± 21.8 mg/g (Range 33 to 111 mg/g). The mean intima-media thickness of carotid arteries was 1.04 mm with standard deviation (SD) ±0.19 mm. Significant positive correlation was found between albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and intima-media thickness of carotid arteries (CIMT) in type 2 diabetic subjects. The value of Pearsons correlation was r= 0.583, which is significant (p<0.01). Therefore, there was a linear positive correlation between albumin-tocreatinine ratio (ACR) and intima-media thickness of carotid arteries (CIMT) in type 2 diabetic subjects. Conclusion:From this cross-sectional study it can be concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between microalbuminuria and ultrasonographically measured carotid intima media thickness in type 2 diabetic subjects. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 85-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17211
Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Ashrafuzzama SM , Latif Zafar A
Published: December 2013

Hyperprolactinemia is frequently diagnosed endocrine problem in routine clinical practice. Once hyperprolactinemia is suspected, repeat test for s prolactin can be done with appropriate precondition for sampling like rest, single prick, adequate light etc. to exclude macroprolactinemia specially in asymptomatic or unrelated symptoms. Once diagnosed as Hyper prolactinemia, secondary causes should be ruled out by history, specially drugs. Pregnancy should be excluded by history and if indicated, by test. Mild elevation of s prolactin can be also due to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidisom, CKD, CLD etc. Of course Hook Effect should be kept in mind. Contrast MRI should be done to see if there is any prolactinoma or hyperplasia. Sometimes Growth Hormone (GH) secreting tumors may be associated. Rarely extra pituitary tumors or disconnection of hypothalamus-pituitary may be seen. In symptomatic patient (hypogonadism, infertility, menstrual disturbances, sexual weakness, unexplained low bone mass and sometimes galactorrhoea etc) and specially if s prolactin is more than 2-3 times of upper limit of reference range, MRI with contrast should be done. Medical therapy with dopamine agonist is the treatment of choice for symptomatic any level of s prolactin and with prolactinoma. Cabergoline may be tried as a first line of treatment because it is more effective and better tolerated than bromocryptine. Though cabergoline is coming up with safety issues, bromocriptine has the largest safety database in pregnancy till date. All patient should be tried with medical treatment, specially cabergoline irrespective of symptoms and size of the tumor. Transsphenoidal microsurgery remains second option when medical treatment is ineffective. Radiotherapy may be the last adjuvant in the management . Rarely malignant prolactinoma may be found and have poor response to medical treatment. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 99-105 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17214
Dyke Davidoff Masson Syndrome  A Case Report
Authors: Taher Md. Abu , Ahma Fattah , Pasha Md. Anwar , Sharif Md. Mofazzal , Ul Alam Md. Mohit , Rahman Nayeema , Rahman Md. Towhidur
Published: December 2013

A 10 year old male child reported to paediatric neurology OPD of BIRDEM General Hospital with the complaints of weakness of left side of body, seizure and facial asymmetry for 2 years. He was on regular anti convulsive therapy and failed to control seizure. General examination revealed no significant abnormality neither delayed mile stones of development happened. Neurological examination revealed left sided spastic hemiparesis, brisk tendon reflexes and extensor planter on left side. With detailed history and examination he was diagnosed as a case of infantile seizure and undergone CT scan of brain followed by MRI scan. Both the reports revealed severe atrophy of right cerebral hemisphere, thinning of cortical gyri, widening of sulci and dilatation of right lateral ventricle with ipsilateral midline shift and was concluded as hemiatrophy of right cerebral hemisphere with suspicion of Dyke Davidoff Masson Syndrome (DDMS), Hemimegalencephaly and Sturge-Weber syndrome. Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare condition characterized by asymmetric cerebral hemispheric growth with unilateral atrophy, ipsilateral compensatory osseous hypertrophy, hyperpneumatization of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells, and contralateral paresis. Varying degrees of hemiparesis, hemiplegia, seizures, mental retardation, and facial asymmetry can be associated with DDMS. Considering clinical history and imaging findings, final Diagnosis was Dyke Davidoff Masson Syndrome. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 196-109 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17215
Peritoneal Tuberculosis in a Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Bhuian Tareq Mahmud , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Hoque Md. Nazmul , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Rahman Md. Motiur , Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: December 2013

Tuberculosis (TB) may complicate patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) receiving imatinib mesylate, but concomitant diagnosis of TB and CML is rare. Here, we present a middle aged Bangladeshi diabetic lady who got admitted because of prolonged pyrexia, ascites and splenomegaly. Diagnostic workup confirmed peritoneal TB and CML. Being an uncommon entity, we are reporting the case. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 113-115 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17217
A Young Lady with Acute Pulmonary Embolism after Caesarean Section - A Case Report
Authors: Taimur Syed Dawood Md. , Haq M Maksumul , Khan Saidur Rahman , Kabir CM Shaheen , Rahman Hasanur , Karim Md. Rezaul , Gomes Hemanta I , Salahuddin Md.
Published: December 2013

The presentation of acute dyspnea after pregnancy is rare, but should bring a number of important conditions to the mind of the attending physician. Pulmonary embolism, amniotic fluid embolism, pneumonia,aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary edema are some of the potentially devastating causes that must be considered. We report a 29 years young lady who presented with progressive severe dyspnoea, haemoptysis with right leg swelling and H/O lower uteraine caesarean section(LUCS) followed by mymectomy one and half months back , initially her ECG, chest X-ray & echocardiographic findings revealed evidence of pulmonary embolism we treated her with dramatic improvement. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 116-120 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17218
Medical Quiz Vol.3(2): Images
Authors: Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: December 2013

Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 121 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17219
Letters to the Editor Vol.3(2)
Authors: Islam AKM Shariful , Chowdhury Kamal M
Published: December 2013

Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 124 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17221
BIRDEM News Vol.3(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: December 2013

Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 125 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17222
BIRDEM News - Microbiology: Bacteria and Antibiogram Report (July to December 2012 Report)
Authors: Editor The
Published: December 2013

Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 126-129 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17223
Answer to Medical Quiz Vol.3(2): Images
Authors: Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: December 2013

Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 132 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17226
Medical Quiz Vol.3(2): SBA  Answers
Authors: Ahmed Jamal Uddin
Published: December 2013

Birdem Med J 2013; 3(2): 133 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i2.17227
Sensory and Instrumental Flavor Changes in Green Tea Brewed Multiple Times
Authors: Lee Jeehyun , Chambers Delores , Chambers Edgar
Published: December 2013

Green teas in leaf form are brewed multiple times, a common selling point. However, the flavor changes, both sensory and volatile compounds, of green teas that have been brewed multiple times are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine how the aroma and flavor of green teas change as they are brewed multiple times, to determine if a relationship exists between green tea flavors and green tea volatile compounds, and to suggest the number of times that green tea leaves can be brewed. The first and second brews of the green tea samples provided similar flavor intensities. The third and fourth brews provided milder flavors and lower bitterness and astringency when measured using descriptive sensory analysis. In the brewed liquor of green tea mostly linalool, nonanal, geraniol, jasmone, and β-ionone volatile compounds were present at low levels (using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The geraniol, linalool, and linalool oxide compounds in green tea may contribute to the floral/perfumy flavor. Green teas in leaf form may be brewed up to four times: the first two brews providing stronger flavor, bitterness, and astringency whereas the third and fourth brews will provide milder flavor, bitterness, and astringency.
Occupational Injuries on Thoroughbred Horse Farms: A Description of Latino and Non-Latino Workers’ Experiences
Authors: Swanberg Jennifer , Clouser Jessica , Westneat Susan , Marsh Mary , Reed Deborah
Published: December 2013

Animal production is a dangerous industry and increasingly reliant on a Latino workforce. Within animal production, little is known about the risks or the occupational hazards of working on farms involved in various aspects of thoroughbred horse breeding. Extant research suggests that horse workers are at risk of musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms, kicks, and other injuries. However, limited known research has examined the experiences of the industry’s workers, including immigrant workers, despite their prominence and increased vulnerability. Using data collected from thoroughbred farm representatives via a phone-administered survey, a 2-hour face-to-face semi-structured interview, and farm injury logs, this article identifies and describes types of injuries experienced by workers (N = 284) and their surrounding circumstances. Results indicate that general injuries and musculoskeletal strains, sprains, and tears account for a majority of injuries among workers on thoroughbred farms. Upper limbs and extremities are most frequently injured, while direct contact with the horse accounted for over half of all injuries. No differences in the diagnoses or distribution of injury were found by ethnicity; however, Latinos were more often struck by or trampled by a horse while non-Latinos were more often injured by an insect or plant. Implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Novel Method of Synthesis of 5''-Phosphate 2'-O-ribosyl-ribonucleosides and Their 3'-Phosphoramidites
Authors: Chmielewski Marcin , Markiewicz Wojciech
Published: December 2013

Synthesis of 5''-phosphate 2'-O-ribosylribonucleosides [Nr(p)] of four common ribonucleosides, and 3'-phosphoramidites of 5''-phosphate 2'-O-ribosyladenosine and 2'-O-ribosylguanosine using the H-phosphonate chemistry is described. An additional ring protected by benzoyl groups was incorporated into the main ribosyl ring in the reaction with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribofuranose in the presence of SnCl4. The obtained 2'-O-ribosylribonucleosides (Nr) were applied in the subsequent transformations with selective deprotection. Ethanolamine was applied as a very convenient reagent for selective removal of benzoyl groups. Additionally, the tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl (TIPDSi) group was found to be stable under these deprotection conditions. Thus, the selectively deprotected 5''-hydroxyl group of Nr was transformed into an H-phosphonate monoester which was found to be stable under the following conditions: the removal of the TIPDSi group with triethylammonium fluoride and the dimethoxytritylation of the 5''-hydroxyl function. The 5''-H-phosphonate of Nr precursors was easily transformed to the corresponding dicyanoethyl 5''-O-phosphotriesters before phosphitylation, which gave 3'-phosphoramidite units of Nr(p) in high yield. The derived phosphoramidite units were used in an automated oligonucleotide synthesizer to produce dimer Ar(p)T via the phosphoramidite approach. The obtained products were fully deprotected under standard deprotection conditions giving dimers with a 5''-phosphate monoester function. Application of an alkaline phosphatase to prove the presence of an additional phosphate group was described.
Averaging Level Control to Reduce Off-Spec Material in a Continuous Pharmaceutical Pilot Plant
Authors: Lakerveld Richard , Benyahia Brahim , Heider Patrick , Zhang Haitao , Braatz Richard , Barton Paul
Published: December 2013

The judicious use of buffering capacity is important in the development of future continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The potential benefits are investigated of using optimal-averaging level control for tanks that have buffering capacity for a section of a continuous pharmaceutical pilot plant involving two crystallizers, a combined filtration and washing stage and a buffer tank. A closed-loop dynamic model is utilized to represent the experimental operation, with the relevant model parameters and initial conditions estimated from experimental data that contained a significant disturbance and a change in setpoint of a concentration control loop. The performance of conventional proportional-integral (PI) level controllers is compared with optimal-averaging level controllers. The aim is to reduce the production of off-spec material in a tubular reactor by minimizing the variations in the outlet flow rate of its upstream buffer tank. The results show a distinct difference in behavior, with the optimal-averaging level controllers strongly outperforming the PI controllers. In general, the results stress the importance of dynamic process modeling for the design of future continuous pharmaceutical processes.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Ambient Assisted Living
Authors: Aquino-Santos Raúl , Martinez-Castro Diego , Edwards-Block Arthur , Murillo-Piedrahita Andrés
Published: December 2013

This paper introduces wireless sensor networks for Ambient Assisted Living as a proof of concept. Our workgroup has developed an arrhythmia detection algorithm that we evaluate in a closed space using a wireless sensor network to relay the information collected to where the information can be registered, monitored and analyzed to support medical decisions by healthcare providers. The prototype we developed is then evaluated using the TelosB platform. The proposed architecture considers very specific restrictions regarding the use of wireless sensor networks in clinical situations. The seamless integration of the system architecture enables both mobile node and network configuration, thus providing the versatile and robust characteristics necessary for real-time applications in medical situations. Likewise, this system architecture efficiently permits the different components of our proposed platform to interact efficiently within the parameters of this study.
New Futures for Older Ports: Synergistic Development in a Global Urban System
Authors: Ravetz Joe
Published: December 2013

Port cities are on the front-line of a changing global urban system. There are problems from restructuring of trade, logistics and ship-building, creating economic dependency, social exclusion and cultural destruction. Meanwhile, there exists new opportunities in heritage tourism, cultural industries and ecological restoration, but these opportunities often have negative impacts. This paper addresses the question of how port cities can steer from negative to positive development paths and outcomes. It sets out a way of working with inter-connected economic, social, political and technological factors—a ‘synergistic’ approach to mapping of problems and design of policy responses. Looking at three contrasting examples of port cities—Liverpool, Dubai and Mauritius—we can compare the inter-connected dynamics of growth and decline. Then we can understand the inter-connected factors of successful regeneration and sustainable prosperity, not as linear ‘policy fixes’, but more like synergistic processes of learning, innovation and capacity building. These call for new models for creative innovation in social and community enterprise: cultural heritage both old and new; new social finance and investment; socio-ecological restoration with participative governance, etc. Such pathways and opportunities are now emerging in many different locations; this paper provides methods and tools to understand them and promote them.
Biotoxin Detection Using Cell-Based Sensors
Authors: Banerjee Pratik , Kintzios Spyridon , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar
Published: December 2013

Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) utilize the principles of cell-based assays (CBAs) by employing living cells for detection of different analytes from environment, food, clinical, or other sources. For toxin detection, CBBs are emerging as unique alternatives to other analytical methods. The main advantage of using CBBs for probing biotoxins and toxic agents is that CBBs respond to the toxic exposures in the manner related to actual physiologic responses of the vulnerable subjects. The results obtained from CBBs are based on the toxin-cell interactions, and therefore, reveal functional information (such as mode of action, toxic potency, bioavailability, target tissue or organ, etc.) about the toxin. CBBs incorporate both prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (yeast, invertebrate and vertebrate) cells. To create CBB devices, living cells are directly integrated onto the biosensor platform. The sensors report the cellular responses upon exposures to toxins and the resulting cellular signals are transduced by secondary transducers generating optical or electrical signals outputs followed by appropriate read-outs. Examples of the layout and operation of cellular biosensors for detection of selected biotoxins are summarized.
Saint-Philibert de Tournus. L'œuvre du second maître, la galilée et la nef
Authors: Henriet Jacques
Published: December 2013

Saint- Philibert de Tournus. L 'œuvre du second Maître : la galilée et la nef.

Après avoir retracé dans un précédent article (Bulletin monumental, 1990, III), les principales étapes de l'histoire de l'abbaye et montré que le chevet de Saint-Philibert (crypte, premier niveau du chœur et de l'abside et déambulatoire) avait été construit aussitôt après l'incendie de 1007-1008, l'auteur étudie l'œuvre de l'architecte qui a conçu le parti de la galilée et de la nef, parti dont il souligne la cohérence. Il fait à cette occasion le point sur les connaissances dont nous disposons sur les autres galilées bourguignonnes du XIe siècle. L'analyse des éléments essentiels de la structure de la galilée et de la nef de Saint-Philibert l'amène, par comparaison avec les réalisations de la première moitié du XIe siècle dans le domaine des supports et des voûtes, à proposer la date de circa 1035 pour le début de la construction de la galilée. L'ensemble des parties occidentales aurait été achevé vers 1055, à l'exception du voûtement du haut vaisseau de la nef, voûtement qui, toutefois avait probablement été envisagé par l'architecte dès l'origine.
Less reactive dipoles of diazodicarbonyl compounds in reaction with cycloaliphatic thioketones – First evidence for the 1,3-oxathiole–thiocarbonyl ylide interconversion
Authors: Nikolaev Valerij A , Ivanov Alexey V , Rodina Ludmila L , Mlostoń Grzegorz
Published: December 2013

Acyclic diazodicarbonyl compounds react at room temperature with cycloaliphatic thioketones, e.g. 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thioxocyclobutanе-1-one and adamantanethione, via a cascade process in which the key step is a 1,5-electrocyclization of the intermediate thiocarbonyl ylide leading to tetrasubstituted spirocyclic 1,3-oxathioles. The most reactive diazodicarbonyl compound was diazoacetylacetone. In the case of dimethyl diazomalonate competitive 1,3-electrocyclization yielded the corresponding thiirane at elevated temperature, which after spontaneous desulfurization produced a tetrasubstituted alkene. To explain the observed temperature dependence of the main reaction product type obtained from dimethyl diazomalonate and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thioxocyclobutanе-1-one as well as to verify reversibility of the thiocarbonyl ylide and 1,3-oxathiole interconversion, the calculations of the energy profile for the transformation of 1,3-oxathiole to alkene were performed at the DFT PBE1PBE/6-31G(d) level.
Upregulation of ANK Protein Expression in Joint Tissue in Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
Authors: Uzuki Miwa , Sawai Takashi , Ryan Lawrence M. , Rosenthal Ann K. , Masuda Ikuko
Published: December 2013

Objective.

Accumulation of excess extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate leads to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal formation in articular cartilage. CPPD crystal formation occurs near morphologically abnormal chondrocytes resembling hypertrophic chondrocytes. The ANK protein was recently implicated as an important factor in the transport of intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate across the cell membrane. We characterized ANK in joint tissues from patients with and without CPPD deposition and correlated the presence of ANK with markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy.

Methods.

Articular tissues were obtained from 24 patients with CPPD crystal deposition disease, 11 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) without crystals, and 6 controls. We determined the number of ANK–positive cells in joint tissues using immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization, and correlated ANK positivity with markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy including Runx2, type X collagen, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN).

Results.

ANK was detected in synoviocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. ANK was seen extracellularly only in the matrix of cartilage and meniscus. The number of ANK-positive cells was significantly higher in CPPD than in OA or normal joint tissues. The amount and intensity of ANK immunoreactivity reached maximum levels in the large chondrocytes around crystal deposits. ANK was similarly distributed to and significantly correlated with Runx2, type X collagen, OPN, and OCN.

Conclusion.

ANK levels were higher in articular tissues from patients with CPPD deposition. ANK was concentrated around crystal deposits and correlated with markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy. These findings support a role for ANK in CPPD crystal formation in cartilage.
Does Clinically Important Change in Function After Knee Replacement Guarantee Good Absolute Function? The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Maxwell Jessica L. , Felson David T. , Niu Jingbo , Wise Barton , Nevitt Michael C. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Frey-Law Laura , Neogi Tuhina
Published: December 2013

Objective.

Poor functional outcomes post–knee replacement are common, but estimates of its prevalence vary, likely in part because of differences in methods used to assess function. The agreement between improvement in function and absolute good levels of function after knee replacement has not been evaluated. We evaluated the attainment of improvement in function and absolute good function after total knee replacement (TKR) and the agreement between these measures.

Methods.

Using data from The Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study, we determined the prevalence of achieving a minimal clinically important improvement (MCII, ≥ 14.2/68 point improvement) and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS, ≤ 22/68 post-TKR score) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Physical Function subscale at least 6 months after knee replacement. We also assessed the frequency of co-occurrence of the 2 outcomes, and the prevalence according to pre-knee replacement functional status.

Results.

We included 228 subjects who had a knee replacement during followup (mean age 65 yrs, mean body mass index 33.4, 73% female). Seventy-one percent attained the PASS for function after knee replacement, while only 44% attained the MCII. Of the subjects who met the MCII, 93% also attained the PASS; however, of subjects who did not meet the MCII, 54% still achieved a PASS. Baseline functional status was associated with attainment of each MCII and PASS.

Conclusion.

There was only partial overlap between attainment of a good level of function and actually improving by an acceptable amount. Subjects were more likely to attain an acceptable level of function than to achieve a clinically important amount of improvement post–knee replacement.
Sleep Problems in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Westhovens René , Van der Elst Kristien , Matthys Ann , Tran Michelle , Gilloteau Isabelle
Published: December 2013

Objective.

To investigate sleep problems, and the relationship between sleep and disease activity, in Belgian patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

This cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study assessed sleep quality using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Additional patient-reported outcomes included visual analog scales (VAS) for fatigue and pain, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey, the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Multivariate regression and structural equation modeling identified factors associated with sleep quality, with the 28-joint Disease Activity Score [DAS28-C-reactive protein (CRP)] as a continuous or categorical variable. Analyses were performed on the total population and on patients stratified by disease activity status: remission/low (DAS28-CRP ≤ 3.2) or moderate to high (DAS28-CRP > 3.2).

Results.

Among 305 patients, mean (SD) age was 57.00 (12.38) years and mean (SD) disease duration was 11.77 (9.94) years. Mean (SD) AIS, PSQI, and ESS scores were 6.8 (4.79), 7.8 (4.30), and 7.3 (4.67), respectively. Mean (SD) VAS fatigue, VAS pain, and HAQ-DI were 45.22 (26.29), 39.04 (26.21), and 1.08 (0.75), respectively. There were significant positive relationships between DAS28-CRP and AIS/PSQI, but a significant negative relationship between DAS28-CRP and ESS. Several potentially confounding factors were identified.

Conclusions.

Poor control of RA is associated with a reduction in sleep quality and decreased daytime sleepiness, which is likely explained by pain-related alertness. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm potential relationships between sleep quality, sleepiness, and RA treatment.
Variability in Recommendations for Total Knee Arthroplasty Among Rheumatologists and Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Fraenkel Liana , Suter Lisa , Weis Lawrence , Hawker Gillian A.
Published: December 2013

Objective.

The most rapidly growing population of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is under the age of 65. The objective of our study was to gain insight into the factors influencing physicians’ recommendations for persons in this age group with moderate osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

Rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons attending national meetings were asked to complete a survey including a standardized scenario of a 62-year-old person with knee OA who has moderate knee pain limiting strenuous activity despite medical management. We used an experimental 2 × 2 × 2 design to examine the effects of sex, employment status, and severity of radiographic OA on physicians’ recommendations. Each physician was asked to rate a single scenario.

Results.

The percentage of physicians recommending TKA varied from 30% to 55% for scenarios describing a patient with mild radiographic OA, and from 39% to 71% for scenarios describing a patient with moderate radiographic OA. Surgeons were less likely to recommend TKA for women compared to men of the same age, employment status, symptom severity, and functional status, and radiographs. Rheumatologists practicing in academic settings were more likely to recommend TKA compared to those practicing in nonacademic settings, and American surgeons were more likely to recommend TKA compared to their European counterparts.

Conclusion.

Orthopedic surgeons and rheumatologists vary significantly in their recommendations for patients with moderate knee pain and functional limitations. Both patient and physician characteristics influence physicians’ recommendations, and rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons display different patterns of decision making.
Update on the OMERACT Magnetic Resonance Imaging Task Force: Research and Future Directions
Authors: Conaghan Philip G. , McQueen Fiona M. , Bird Paul , Peterfy Charles , Haavardsholm Espen , Gandjbakhch Frédérique , Eshed Iris , Haugen Ida K. , Lillegraven Siri , Døhn Uffe Møller , Ejbjerg Bo , Foltz Violaine , Coates Laura , Bøyesen Pernille , Hermann Kay-Geert , Freeston Jane , Lassere Marissa , O’Connor Philip , Emery Paul , Genant Harry , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: December 2013

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an important biomarker across a range of rheumatological diseases. At the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 11 meeting, the MRI task force continued its work of developing and improving the use of MRI outcomes for use in clinical trials. The breadth of pathology in the Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score has been strengthened with further work on the development of a joint space narrowing score, and a series of exercises presented at OMERACT 11 demonstrated good reliability and construct validity for this assessment. Understanding the importance of residual inflammation after RA treatment remains a major focus of the group’s work. Analyses were presented on defining the level of synovitis (using MRI scores of a single hand) that would predict absence of erosion progression. The development of the OMERACT Hand Osteoarthritis MRI score has continued with substantial work presented on its iterative development, including pathology definition, scaling, and subsequent reliability of the score. Optimizing the role of MRI as a robust biomarker and surrogate outcome remains a priority for this group.
Le développement de stratégies cognitives et métacognitives chez des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage
Authors: Bosson Mélanie S. , Hessels Marco G.P. , Hessels-Schlatter Christine
Published: December 2013

Résumé Seize élèves présentant des difficultés d’apprentissage ont participé à une intervention métacognitive de 3 mois. Lors de séances individuelles, et par le biais d’un questionnement métacognitif, les élèves ont appris plusieurs stratégies de résolution de problème. Afin de faciliter le transfert, ces stratégies ont été travaillées en alternance sur des tâches non scolaires et des tâches scolaires. L’application des stratégies et les connaissances métacognitives des élèves ont été évaluées par l’observation de leurs comportements et verbalisations. Les résultats mettent en avant des progrès dans l’utilisation de stratégies et les métaconnaissances dans les deux types de tâches. De plus, la distribution des élèves en trois groupes (bon, moyen et faible utilisateur de stratégies) est comparable entre les tâches, ce qui est interprété comme un indice de transfert. Finalement, il est argumenté que l’inclusion d’aspects motivationnels dans ce type d’intervention est importante. En effet, les élèves doivent non seulement faire l’expérience qu’ils sont capables de résoudre différentes tâches, mais également prendre conscience que leur réussite est en lien avec leur investissement stratégique.
Impulsivité et difficultés de régulation émotionnelle et de gestion des relations sociales chez l'enfant et l'adolescent
Authors: Gomez Jean-Marc , Van der Linden Martial
Published: December 2013

Résumé L’impulsivité constitue un dénominateur commun à de nombreux états psychopathologiques et comportements problématiques. Le but du présent article est de décrire l’approche multidimensionnelle de l’impulsivité proposée par Whiteside et Lynam (2001). Selon cette approche, l’impulsivité peut être scindée en quatre facettes distinctes : l’urgence, le manque de préméditation, le manque de persévérance et la recherche de sensations. Par ailleurs, nous suggérons également que ces différentes facettes sont associées à des mécanismes cognitifs, émotionnels et motivationnels spécifiques. Enfin, nous décrirons des études récentes qui montrent en quoi cette conception de l’impulsivité en quatre dimensions peut contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des problèmes d’autorégulation chez l’enfant et l’adolescent.
Le développement du raisonnement dans la résolution de problèmes : l'apport de la théorie des modèles mentaux
Authors: Thevenot Catherine , Perret Patrick
Published: December 2013

Résumé La première partie de cet article est dédiée à la présentation générale d’une des théories du raisonnement humain aujourd’hui les plus influentes : la Théorie des Modèles Mentaux (Johnson-Laird, 1983). Le champ couvert par cette théorie a été étendu à de nombreux domaines comme la compréhension de textes ou la prise de décision et, plus récemment, à la résolution de problèmes arithmétiques verbaux. Dans la seconde partie de l’article, nous recensons les élements de preuve empirique apportés à l’hypothèse que les adultes comme les enfants construisent des modèles mentaux lorsqu’ils sont engagés dans ce type d’activité. La théorie des modèles mentaux pourrait ainsi nous permettre de mieux comprendre les difficultés rencontrées par certains enfants dans la résolution de problèmes arithmétiques. Dans la dernière partie de l’article, ces implications plus cliniques sont envisagées.
La reconnaissance visuelle des objets chez l'enfant avec autisme : Résultats préliminaires à une adaptation pour enfants de la Birmingham Object Recognition Battery (BORB)
Authors: Gillet Patrice , Chabernaud Camille , Batty Magali , Barthélémy Catherine , Jambaqué Isabelle
Published: December 2013

Résumé La reconnaissance visuelle des objets a été étudiée chez des enfants avec autisme à la BORB (Birmingham Object Recognition Battery) créée par Riddoch et Humphreys (1993) pour décrire les traitements impliqués dans l’identification visuelle des objets et leurs défaillances chez les adultes cérébrolésés. Huit tests de la BORB ont été adaptés pour les enfants et proposés à 8 enfants avec autisme appariés en âge mental à 8 enfants témoins. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les enfants avec autisme ont de meilleures performances que les enfants témoins aux tests d’analyse perceptive qui sollicitent l’encodage des primitives visuelles. Par contre, on ne note pas de différence significative entre les deux groupes aux tests qui sollicitent les traitements perceptifs intermédiaires de catégorisation perceptive et les traitements représentatifs de nature sémantique. Ces résultats préliminaires, obtenus sur de petits échantillons, sont discutés en référence à l’hypothèse de la « faible cohérence centrale » proposée dans la littérature pour rendre compte des particularités cognitives dans l’autisme, en soulignant également l’intérêt clinique de la BORB pour décrire les agnosies visuelles dans les pathologies neuropédiatriques.
Le développement de notions temporelles par l'enfant
Authors: Tartas Valérie
Published: December 2013

Résumé Les recherches actuelles sur le développement des connaissances temporelles montrent que durant les premières années de sa vie l’enfant acquiert des informations sur la temporalité qui facilitent d’une part son adaptation à l’environnement et d’autre part son développement affectif, perceptif, linguistique, cognitif et social. Au cours du développement linguistique et cognitif, il est montré dans les recherches que les enfants n’ont pas seulement construit un concept de temps unique mais plutôt différents aspects du temps. Le rôle du langage et celui des artefacts matériels et symboliques sont vus comme indispensables dans l’étude du développement des repères temporels afin de mieux comprendre comment l’enfant passe de temps pratiqués, agis à des temps représentés. En conclusion, quelques exemples de difficultés temporelles étudiées dans les troubles du développement sont proposés pour pointer la complexité des processus développementaux en jeu dans la genèse des connaissances temporelles.
L'orthographe lexicale
Authors: Siffrein-Blanc Julia , George Florence
Published: December 2013

Résumé Dans le domaine de l’orthographe, de nombreuses études portent sur l’acquisition de l’orthographe lexicale ainsi que sur les liens entre son enrichissement et la lecture ; l’objectif de cette étude est d’apporter des pistes au niveau clinique dans la prise en charge des dyslexies-dysorthographies développementales. Nous présenterons dans ce cadre l’élaboration d’un protocole d’entraînement à l’orthographe lexicale avec l’hypothèse qu’une stimulation basée sur les stratégies visuo-sémantique, visuo-attentionnelle, probabiliste et morphologique permettrait une amélioration en lecture et en orthographe.