bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DES analysis on effects of variable geometry inlet orifice on a centrifugal compressor
Authors: Liu Yongzhen , Zhao Ben , Song Juanjuan , Yang Ce , Wang Peng
Published: September 2022

A variable geometry inlet configuration can improve the off-design aerodynamic performance of a turbocharger compressor by actively modulating the internal flow field. As the core part of the configuration, the variable geometry orifice is arranged in front of the compressor inducer. Its novelty is to actively regulate the compressor inlet flow area at an off-design point without causing significant impact at the design point. In this paper, the effects of the orifice on compressor performance and internal flow field are investigated using experiments and numerical simulations. The experimental and the numerical results confirm the variable inlet configuration to be a promising method for extending the compressor operation range. The DES calculations reveal incidence angle reduction at inducer inlet, shock wave migration to a lower radius from blade tip, formation of the aft-loaded impeller, reduced difference between jet and wake flows at impeller exit, and turbulent flow enhancement in the diffuser. Based on understanding the orifice’s effects on the centrifugal compressor, a design suggestion is proposed for the variable geometry compressor of this sort.
Model-free adaptive optimal control policy for Markov jump systems: A value iterations algorithm
Authors: Zhou Peixin , Wen Jiwei , Swain Akshya Kumar , Luan Xiaoli
Published: September 2022

This article develops a model-free adaptive optimal control policy for discrete-time Markov jump systems. First, a two-player zero-sum game is formulated to obtain an optimal control policy that minimizes a cost function against the worst-case disturbance. Second, an action and mode-dependent value function is set up for zero-sum game to search such a policy with convergence guarantee rather than solving an optimization problem satisfying coupled algebraic Riccati equations. To be specific, motivated by the Bellman optimal principle, we develop an online value iterations algorithm to solve the zero-sum game, which is learning while controlling without any initial stabilizing policy. By this algorithm, we can achieve disturbance attenuation for Markov jump systems without knowledge of the system matrices. The adaptivity to slowly changing uncertainties can also be achieved due to the model-free feature and policy convergence. Finally, the effectiveness and practical potential of the algorithm are demonstrated by considering two numerical examples and a solar boiler system.
Investigation of electrical resistance and dielectric constant of Boron Nitride and Banana fiber reinforced epoxy polymer matrix composite
Authors: Salunke Dinesh R , Gopalan Venkatachalam
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, high thermal conductive and good electrical insulating materials gain attention for compact and sustainable design in power electronics instruments like transformers, switches, cables. To cater for these needs, Boron Nitride (BN)/Banana Fiber (BF)/Epoxy based polymer composite is proposed which exhibits good electrical resistance and low dielectric constant. Banana fiber is chosen as it contains few lumens among the fillers and offers good mechanical strength. Boron Nitride and Banana fiber are reinforced with epoxy resin to form highly insulating polymer matrix composite material. Various samples are fabricated, containing 1/3/5 μm BN particle size, 1/3/5 wt % of BN and 0/2/4 wt % of BF derived from Response surface methodology based Box Behnken Design model using design of experiments approach. Further, Analysis of Variance is performed to obtain optimized levels of parameters using regression equation in MINITAB software. Also, experimental results and optimized results are compared leading to error analysis. High resistance of 346.68 Giga-ohms (86.67 ×109 Ω-m resistivity) and minimum dielectric constant of 1.143 are obtained for combination of 3 wt % of BN, 2 wt % of BF and particle size of 3 μm which is considerable for good insulation purpose.
Parenting Stress and Self-Compassion in Parents of Children with and Without Psychological Disorders
Authors: Stenz Colette F. H. , Breitmeyer Angela M. , Jansen Kate L.
Published: September 2022

Parents of children with psychological disorders experience heightened levels of stress compared to parents of children without psychological disorders. Self-compassion may serve as a protective factor for parenting stress. There is limited research evaluating stress and self-compassion in parents of children with various psychological disorders. This study examined and compared parenting stress and self-compassion in parents of children with and without psychological disorders. Parents ( N = 220) completed self-report questionnaires for parenting stress and self-compassion. Parents of children with psychological disorders reported higher levels of parenting stress compared to parents of children without psychological disorders ( F(1,218) = 9.60, p < .01) with a small effect size (partial η2 = 0.04), but similar levels of self-compassion ( F(1,218) = 0.008, p = .93). Self-compassion was significantly inversely associated with parenting stress for both parents of children with psychological disorders ( r = −.35, p = .01) and parents of children without psychological disorders ( r = −.21, p = .05). Similarly, self-compassion significantly predicted reduced parenting stress for both parents of children with psychological disorders and parents of children without psychological disorders, but self-compassion accounted for more of the variance in parenting stress for parents of children with psychological disorders. The results suggest self-compassion may be a protective factor for parenting stress in parents of children with and without psychological disorders. Fostering greater self-compassion in parents of children with psychological disorders may help to combat the additional challenges of raising these children. Future studies may explore the protective factor of self-compassion through compassion-based interventions with parents.
Career Adaptability Development in the School-To-Work Transition
Authors: Fu Chuhang , Cai Yang , Yang Qiandong , Pan Guoqiang , Xu Dezhen , Shi Wendian
Published: September 2022

The development pattern of career adaptability has an important influence on individual mental health and career outcomes. Based on career construction theory, our study explored the development characteristics of the career adaptability of college students during the school-to-work transition and discussed how the notions of future work selves and core self-evaluation affect the development trajectories and development patterns of career adaptability. Our study investigated 429 college graduates at an interval of 6 months over the course of 1 year. The results indicated that the graduates had a positive career adaptability trajectory during the school-to-work transition. There were three different development patterns: rapid growth group, growth group, and stationary group. Future work selves predicted career adaptability positively and dynamically. A higher core self-evaluation predicted a higher initial level of career adaptability and a slower development speed. Our study has important implications for enriching career construction theory and career counseling practice.
Love, Marriage, Family Organization and the Puzzle of Neolocality in Non-Industrial Societies: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: de Munck Victor C. , Korotayev Andrey , Ustyuzhanin Vadim
Published: September 2022

In this paper we answer the question, “What features of family organization promote romantic love as a basis for marriage in non-industrial societies?” We also directly address Rosenblatt’s findings and those of a follow up study by Lee and Stone that, counterintuitively, show non-neolocality rather than neolocality to be correlated with love as a basis for marriage. Ember and Levinson and even Lee and Stone have thought this finding to be puzzling. We have recoded Rosenblatt’s original measures on a four-point (0–3) scale: no love, low love, medium love and high love and coded additional cases using ethnographic data taken from eHRAF World Cultures (Human Relations Area Files. https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/ ). Using these data sets we obtained 109 cultures and tested how post marital residence and marriage types affected the importance of romantic love as a basis for marriage using multiple ordinal regression. Nuclear family organization by itself (including polygynous families) is not significantly correlated with our dependent variable.
Fluoroscopic Evaluation of the Role of Syndesmotic Injury in Lateral Ankle Instability in a Cadaver Model
Authors: Bhimani Rohan , Sato Go , Saengsin Jirawat , Lubberts Bart , Waryasz Gregory , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Guss Daniel
Published: September 2022

Background:

There is a high prevalence of concomitant lateral ankle ligament injuries and syndesmotic ligamentous injuries. However, it is unclear whether syndesmotic ligaments directly contribute toward the stability of the lateral ankle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fluoroscopically evaluate the role of the syndesmotic ligaments in stabilizing the lateral ankle.

Methods:

Twenty-four cadaveric specimens were divided into 3 groups and fluoroscopically evaluated for lateral ankle stability with all syndesmotic and ankle ligaments intact and then following serial differential ligamentous transection. Group 1: (1) anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), (2) calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and (3) posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). Group 2: (1) anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), (2) interosseous ligament (IOL), (3) posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), (4) ATFL, (5) CFL, and (6) PTFL. Group 3: (1) AITFL, (2) ATFL, (3) CFL, (4) IOL, (5) PTFL, and (6) PITFL. At each transection state, 3 loading conditions were used: (1) anterior drawer test performed using 50 and 80 N of direct force, (2) talar tilt <1.7 Nm torque, and (2) lateral clear space (LCS) <1.7 Nm torque. These measurements were in turn compared with those of the stressed intact ligamentous state. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the findings of each ligamentous transection state to the intact state. A P value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The lateral ankle remained stable after transection of all syndesmotic ligaments (AITFL, IOL, PITFL). However, after additional transection of the ATFL, the lateral ankle became unstable in varus and anterior drawer testing conditions ( P values ranging from .036 to .012). Lateral ankle instability was also observed after transection of the ATFL and AITFL in varus and anterior drawer testing conditions ( P values ranging from .036 to .012). Subsequent transection of the CFL and PTFL worsened the lateral ankle instability.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that isolated syndesmosis disruption does not result in lateral ankle instability. However, the lateral ankle became unstable when the syndesmosis was injured along with ATFL disruption.

Clinical Relevance:

When combined with ATFL release, disruption of the syndesmosis appeared to destabilize the lateral ankle.
First-Line Immunochemotherapy Versus Palliative Chemotherapy Plus Definitive Radiation Therapy for de novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Zhen-Chong , Liu Ting , Chen Yan-Zhou , Guo Chun-Yan , Liu Li-Ting , Liu Sai-Lan , Chen Qiu-Yan , Mai Hai-Qiang , Guo Shan-Shan
Published: September 2022

Background

The combined use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with palliative chemotherapy (PCT) is a promising first-line treatment for de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC). However, the efficacy of ICIs with PCT vs PCT with definitive radiation therapy (DRT) remain unclear.

Methods

Patients with mNPC who received first-line immunochemotherapy (ICI + PCT) or PCT + DRT were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance potential confounders between patients who did and did not undergo DRT (at a ratio of 1:1). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the 2 groups using a log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Among all participants, 149 received ICI + PCT. After PSM, 149 patients were included in the PCT + DRT group. First-line immunochemotherapy was associated with significantly improved PFS (median 9.0 months vs 12.0 months, P < .001) and OS (median 12.5 months vs 19.9 months, P < .001). Subgroup analysis revealed that tumor response to immunochemotherapy, metastatic organs, and number of metastatic sites potentially affected the efficacy of DRT after first-line immunochemotherapy.

Conclusion

Compared with PCT + DRT, first-line immunochemotherapy was associated with improved PFS and OS in patients with mNPC but not in patients with unfavorable tumor response and metastasis involving the liver, distant nodes, or multiple sites.
A car-body vibration offset monitoring method based on a magnetoresistive sensor-permanent magnet coupling system
Authors: Li Tian , Lu Zhaijun , Liu Dongrun
Published: September 2022

Monitoring the vibration offset of a car-body has been of great significance to ensure the operation safety of high-speed trains and reasonably determine the railway gauges. However, there has been scarce research on this topic. To address this limitation, this study proposes an offset measurement method based on the magnetoresistance effect that can be used for offset detection of railway car-body vibration. The magnetic field distribution of the method is simulated by the finite element method, and the feasibility is verified. In addition, the nonlinear relationship between the magnetic induction and the vibration offset is obtained by a neural network model. Finally, a magnetoresistive sensor-permanent magnet coupling monitoring system is developed, and its accuracy is verified by a series of static and dynamic tests. The test results reveal that the proposed monitoring method can effectively monitor the car-body offset relative to the track.
Chaotic vibration analysis of auxetic nanocomposite structures
Authors: Parhi Jagannath Debasis , Roy Tarapada
Published: September 2022

The present work deals with the study of nonlinear vibration behaviours of the carbon nanotube reinforced composite structures having negative Poisson’s ratio (CNTRC-NPR). Such types of flexible auxetic structures have many applications in various engineering fields. Based on classical laminated theory, auxetic structures can be designed by some special stacking sequence of layers in the laminated composites. A mathematical model is formulated for nonlinear vibration analysis of the clamped-clamped CNTRC-NPR beam under the time varying uniformly distributed transverse load. The present formulation is based on the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory and the governing equation of motion of such beam is derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. Based on the Galerkin’s method, the obtained governing partial differential equations are converted to an ordinary nonlinear second-order differential equation for the analysis of out plane vibration. The obtained vibrations of such auxetic structures are discussed using time series waveforms, phase portraits and Poincare maps, and the route of chaotic vibration of such structures is found and reported based on the bifurcation diagrams. The jump phenomena associated with the dynamics have also been characterized. Nonlinear vibrations of without and with auxetic nanocomposite structures have also been compared. It is found that the amplitude of transverse force of excitation is the controlling parameter of nonlinear dynamics of such CNTRC-NPR structures.
The Dichotomy of Male Sports and Female Announcing: Examining the Credibility of Gendered Pairs for NFL Announcing Teams
Authors: Bell Travis R. , Sadri Sean R. , Billings Andrew C.
Published: September 2022

During a 2018 Amazon Prime simulcast alongside the Fox broadcast announced by Joe Buck and Troy Aikman, Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer became the first all-female broadcast team for a National Football League game. Utilizing a national sample of 415 subjects, a four-cell post-test-only experimental design of the on-air commentary was utilized to examine perceptions of announcer credibility. Incorporating social identity theory, findings reveal women sportscasters were deemed credible, but if one affiliated with a presumed sporting out-group (female and non-White fans), this was not the case. Highly identified sport fans indicated a shift toward acceptance of all-female announcers of all-male sporting events.
Reimagining the Politics of Belonging Through Counterstorytelling: A Decolonial Praxis of Refusal and Desire
Authors: Dutta Urmitapa
Published: September 2022

In this article, I trace landscapes of decolonial inquiry centered on two questions: What is the work of decolonial inquiry? What are the imperatives of researchers committed to decolonial work? I engage with these questions from my relationally rooted place in solidarity with communities at the frontline of decolonial struggles in Northeast India. Adopting a multimodal counterstorytelling approach, I narrate two imperatives of decolonial inquiry: rooting and remembrance and theorizing from struggle, driven by an ethos of desire and refusal. Across these endeavors, I strive to reimagine a radical politics of belonging that transgresses colonially configured nation state borders.
Adult ADHD Treatment Based on Combination of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as Measured by Subjective and Objective Scales
Authors: Basiri Nooshin , Hadianfard Habib
Published: September 2022

Almost 30% of ADHD adults do not respond to standard pharmaceuticals. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a method for modulation of cortical excitability. On the other hand, dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is a cognitive-behavioral approach that might be utilized for adults with ADHD. The effects of integration of these interventions are only beginning to be explored. In the present work, we used both subjective and objective measures to investigate the effects of tDCS, DBT, and the integration of the two in treating adult ADHD symptoms. A total of 80 adults with ADHD (63 females, 17 males) participated in the study and were grouped into control, DBT, tDCS, and combined groups. Based on the observed results, the combination of DBT and tDCS was significantly effective in improving the mentioned variables compared to administration of each method in isolation. The results are discussed in terms of neurophysiological and psychological aspects of treatment methods.
The Role of Coaching on the Implementation of Individualized Behavior Supports in Elementary Schools
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth M. , Spaulding Scott A. , Davis Carol A.
Published: September 2022

Coaching is necessary for the successful implementation of individualized behavior support in the classroom. However, the way in which school teams engage in coaching to facilitate the implementation of individualized behavior supports has not been well described. This large-scale exploratory survey examined current coaching practices of elementary school educators implementing individualized behavior supports. Respondents described their coaching experiences with respect to frequency, type of coaching activities, type of feedback, method of feedback, tools to support coaching implementation, perceived coaching effectiveness, and obstacles to effective coaching. Results indicate wide variability in coaching practices for those receiving coaching, in addition to a disparity between ideal coaching as described in the literature and actual coaching practices in schools.
The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Self-Initiated Police Encounters
Authors: Bennett Richard R. , Bartholomew Brad , Baxter Sandra K. , Champagne Holly , Schuler Eric R.
Published: September 2022

Beginning in the summer of 2014, a series of controversial deaths in the US, often involving white officers and unarmed minority men, contributed to the growing debate about the need for increased transparency and accountability in policing. Central to the debate has been the call for more body-worn cameras (BWCs), a widely adopted technology that promises numerous benefits through real-time recording of police-public encounters. However, critics of this technology claim that increased surveillance of their behavior may lead to de-policing where officers choose to reduce the quality and/or quantity of their self-initiated police work. This claim has recently received empirical scrutiny in the context of the two main self-initiated activities underlying police work: foot patrols and traffic stops. However, the studies have mainly been outcome-orientated (e.g., stop and frisk or issuance of a citation) rather than activity-focused. The de-policing claim is tested here using data from a lengthy, quasi-experimental evaluation of BWCs in a large US police department. The findings show that the number of foot patrols and traffic stops conducted did not vary based on whether an officer wore a BWC or not. Policy and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Correction of high astigmatism with toric intraocular lens in eyes with corneal transplant
Authors: Devebacak Ali , Degirmenci Cumali , Barut Selver Ozlem , Palamar Melis , Egrilmez Sait
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the results of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation during cataract surgery in eyes with high regular astigmatism associated with prior penetrating keratoplasty (PK).

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of patients with prior PK, who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery with hydrophobic toric single piece IOL (EyeCryl Toric®, Biotech Vision Care, Luzern, Switzerland).

Results

A total of 18 eyes of 18 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 53.4 ± 12.4 (25–70) years. The mean follow-up period was 15.5 (4–24) months. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly increased from 1.36 ± 1.0 logMAR to 0.31 ± 0.17 logMAR (p < .001) pre- and post-operative 4 weeks, respectively. There was no significant change in mean BCVA during follow-up; mean BCVA was 0.32 ± 0.17 logMAR at the last visit. The mean pre-operative topographic astigmatism was 6.52 ± 1.80 diopters (D). The mean manifest refraction astigmatism was decreased from 6.55 ± 1.62 D to 2.80 ± 1.43 D (p˂0.001). The mean Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 3.74 ± 0.77 D according to vector analysis. There was no patient with graft rejection or failure, the mean endothelial cell loss rate was 12.75 ± 3.76% (7–17%). There was no patient requiring IOL reposition.

Conclusions

Toric IOL implantation during cataract surgery provides an option to correct astigmatism in post-PK eyes with high regular astigmatism. When appropriate patients are selected it is a safe method to achieve significant improvements in visual acuity and astigmatism.
International identity construction: China’s pursuit of the responsible power identity and the American Other
Authors: Boon Hoo Tiang
Published: September 2022

How should one understand the construction of a state’s identity in the international system—its international identity? In this article, I attempt to provide richer answers. Drawing insights from social psychology, specifically Social Identity Theory and Identity Theory, I provide a micro-account of identity construction to better specify the mechanisms and logics through which international identity is constructed. This framework proposes the following general arguments about international identity formation. First, the construction of international identity is interpreted as a process of role negotiation between the state Self and relevant Other, animated by the mechanisms of self-categorization, alter’s casting, and role appraisal. Second, the collective motivations of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-consistency drive state identity change or continuity. As a plausibility probe, I apply the framework to a current analysis of China’s construction of an international identity as a “responsible” power in recent years, with a corresponding focus on the United States as the primary Other.
Successes and Challenges From a Motivational Interviewing-Informed Diabetes Prevention Program Situated in the Community
Authors: Dineen Tineke E. , Bean Corliss , Jung Mary E.
Published: September 2022

To manage the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, sustainable diabetes prevention programs are needed. In this study, a process evaluation was conducted to qualitatively understand perceived successes and challenges of a diabetes prevention program situated in the community. This study took place in the first year of a multiyear project. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of women clients (n = 14) postprogram and trainers (n = 10) 9 months into program implementation. Interviews were audio-recoded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a Template Approach. Data were first analyzed deductively into two categories that aligned with the study’s purpose (successes and challenges). Second, an inductive analysis was used to understand program delivery processes within each category. Clients and trainers expressed (a) program successes related to recruitment strategy, outlook on making behavior changes, and communication style used within the program and (b) program challenges surrounding effort of learning and applying the communication strategy, usefulness of program applications and tools, and program fit. This evaluation provides practical implications and future directions for diabetes prevention programs, and has informed tailoring and expansion of the program of focus. Results demonstrate the success of motivational interviewing from both client and trainer perspectives and the impact of community partnerships to increase prediabetes awareness in the community. Overall, the program’s diabetes prevention and behavior change strategies coupled with a client-centered approach facilitated women clients in making diet and exercise modifications.
Identifying and understanding barriers to investigation of gender-based hate crimes: Perspectives from law enforcement in Ireland and the United Kingdom
Authors: Gagliardi Silvia , Valverde-Cano Ana , Rice Orlaith
Published: September 2022

This article is an exploratory study presenting empirically based analyses of gender-based hate crime policy and practice from the perspectives of law enforcement officials in Ireland and England and Wales, in the United Kingdom. Despite increasing awareness of victims of gender-based hate crimes, robust legislation and successful investigation and prosecution of these offences remain rare. By developing a critical, evidence-based understanding of the factors impeding effective investigation of gender-based hate crimes, this research provides an early foundation for a more rigorous, survivor-centred approach. This article examines and problematises concepts and norms relating to gender-based hate crimes in law and policy. It analyses the significance of gender in hate crime legislation and examines the relationship between gender-based violence and gender-based hate crimes. Drawing on two case studies, this article suggests ways to refine and redirect law enforcement efforts to improve the quality of outcomes in criminal cases and the quality of survivors’ experiences.
Belief in a Dangerous World Does Not Explain Substantial Variance in Political Attitudes, But Other World Beliefs Do
Authors: Clifton Jeremy D. W. , Kerry Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Decades of research suggest a correlation between belief in a dangerous world and political conservatism. However, research relied on a scale that may overemphasize certain types of dangers. Furthermore, few other world beliefs have been investigated, such that fundamental worldview differences between liberals and conservatives remain largely unknown. A preregistered study of nine samples ( N = 5,461; mostly US Americans) found a negligible association between a newly improved measure of generalized dangerous world belief and conservatism, and that the original scale emphasized certain dangers more salient to conservatives (e.g., societal decline) over others most salient for liberals (e.g., injustice). Across many measures of political attitudes, other world beliefs—such as beliefs that the world is Hierarchical, Intentional, Just, and Worth Exploring—each explained several times more variance than dangerous world belief. This suggests the relevance of dangerous world belief to political attitudes has been overstated, and examining other world beliefs may yield insights.
The science of workplace meetings: Integrating findings, building new theoretical angles, and embracing cross-disciplinary research
Authors: Allen Joseph A. , Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this special issue is to bring more theory into meeting science by reviewing literature, identifying knowledge gaps, developing theoretical propositions drawing from different disciplines, and providing direction for future research. The special issue will open with a general overarching review of the literature on meeting science provided by the co-editors. Each subsequent article will focus on a particular domain within meeting science, provide a focused review of the literature, identify knowledge gaps, and push towards theories that will drive future research.
Digital transformation of the supply chain: The case of an international chocolate manufacturer
Authors: Bragado Ruben S , Daldini Sandra , Durairaj Gowtham , Ehrenthal Joachim , Lama Sangay , Stock Vanessa
Published: September 2022

In a rapidly advancing technological world, traditional supply chains must evolve into becoming connected, smart, and digital. With the implementation of a Transport Management System, the Chocolate Co. automated their supply chain processes. Inevitably, preparing and executing the subsequent move in digital supply chain transformation is necessary.
Histoplasma capsulatum, Toxoplasma gondii, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae coinfections in an indoor-only Siamese cat
Authors: Fuller Alexandra , Černá Petra , Jost Haley , Williams Maggie , Shropshire Sarah , Lappin Michael R
Published: September 2022

Case summary

A 6-year-old male castrated Siamese cat was referred for acute-onset blindness and mydriasis. Physical examination revealed serous retinal detachment with panuveitis and systemic hypertension. Abdominal ultrasound showed suspected dilation of the cisterna chyli and abdominal lymphadenopathy. Aspirates of mesenteric lymph nodes revealed intrahistiocytic yeast organisms with mild-to-moderate pyogranulomatous inflammation. Fungal culture and ITS1 sequencing of the lymph node aspirates confirmed infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. PCR performed on whole blood was positive for Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae, and Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in serum. The cat was prescribed prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg PO q24h), itraconazole (10 mg/kg PO q24h), clindamycin (13 mg/kg PO q12h), amlodipine (0.625 mg PO q24h), prednisolone acetate 1% drops (q6h) and ophthalmic lubricant for both eyes (q6h). The cat was doing well at home after 2 weeks of prednisolone, itraconazole and clindamycin administration, and no abnormalities were detected on repeat abdominal ultrasound 3 months later. The retinal detachment showed mild-to-moderate improvement at that time, but vision was not regained.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report of coinfection of H capsulatum, T gondii, B henselae and B clarridgeiae in an indoor-only cat living in a H capsulatum non-enzootic area with no known travel history.
Welcome to the Dark Side: The Role of Religious/Spiritual Struggles in the Black-White Mental Health Paradox
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Louie Patricia , Hill Terrence D.
Published: September 2022

Over the past two decades, researchers have worked to make sense of the fact that black Americans tend to exhibit similar or better mental health profiles relative to their white counterparts. In this study, we extend previous research by proposing and testing a new potential explanation of the black-white mental health paradox: the dark side of religion or religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles. We also consider whether the association between R/S struggles and mental health is moderated by race. Our mediation analysis of data collected from a 2021 nationally representative sample of American adults ( n = 1,381) indicates that black respondents tend to exhibit lower levels of non-specific psychological distress than white respondents partly because black respondents also tend to report lower levels of R/S struggles. Our moderation analysis demonstrates that the positive association between R/S struggles and psychological distress is more pronounced for white respondents than for black respondents.
Psychological Distress Across Adulthood: Equating Scales in Three British Birth Cohorts
Authors: Jongsma Hannah E. , Moulton Vanessa G. , Ploubidis George B. , Gilbert Emily , Richards Marcus , Patalay Praveetha
Published: September 2022

Valid and reliable life-course and cross-cohort comparisons of psychological distress are limited by differences in measures used. We aimed to examine adulthood distribution of symptoms and cross-cohort trends by equating the scales of psychological-distress measures administered in the 1946, 1958, and 1970 British birth cohorts. We used data from these three birth cohorts ( N = 32,242) and an independently recruited calibration sample ( n = 5,800) to inform the equating of scales. We used two approaches to equating scales (equipercentile linking and multiple imputation) and two index measures (General Health Questionnaire-12 and Malaise-9) to compare means, distributions, and prevalence of distress across adulthood. Although we consistently observed an inverse U shape of distress across adulthood, we also observed measure and method differences in point estimates, particularly for cross-cohort comparisons. Sensitivity analysis suggested that multiple imputation yielded more accurate estimates than equipercentile linking. Although we observed an inverse-U-shaped trajectory of psychological distress across adulthood, differences in point estimates between measures and methods did not allow for clear conclusions regarding between-cohorts trends.
Effect of Preoperative Joint Space Width on Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: Outcomes at Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Lee Dhong Won , Lee Dong Ryun , Kim Min Ah , Lee Joon Kyu , Kim Jin Goo
Published: September 2022

Background:

It remains unclear whether lateral joint space narrowing without severe cartilage loss before meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) affects clinical outcomes and graft extrusion.

Hypothesis:

Patients with greater preoperative joint space narrowing would show more graft extrusion, more osteoarthritis progression, and worse clinical outcomes than would those with less narrowing.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 61 patients who underwent lateral MAT and had a minimum follow-up of 4 to 5 years. The median preoperative joint space width (JSW) on Rosenberg view radiographs was used to classify patients into those with less joint space narrowing (JSW ≥3 mm; group A) and greater joint space narrowing (JSW <3 mm; group B). We compared differences between groups in terms of graft extrusion and articular cartilage loss (modified Outerbridge grade ≥3) on 1-year postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and changes in JSW and clinical outcomes at the last follow-up.

Results:

There were 31 patients in group A and 30 patients in group B; the mean follow-up time for all patients was 64.4 ± 10.3 months. All patients showed a significant preoperative to postoperative improvement in outcome scores ( P < .001 for all). The mean preoperative JSW was 3.8 ± 0.9 mm in group A and 2.3 ± 0.4 mm in group B ( P < .001). In group B, there was more graft extrusion on postoperative MRI scans (3.0 ± 0.9 vs 1.9 ± 0.6 mm, respectively; P < .001) and a higher proportion of patients with pathological graft extrusion at final follow-up (43.3% vs 12.9%, respectively; P = .011) compared with group A. At 1 year postoperatively, cartilage loss grade ≥3 was observed at the lateral femoral condyle in 3.2% and 20.0% of patients in groups A and B ( P = .053), respectively, and at the lateral tibial plateau in 3.2% and 30.0% of patients ( P = .006), respectively. There were moderate correlations between graft extrusion and preoperative absolute JSW ( r = –0.471; P < .001) and preoperative relative JSW ( r = –0.428; P = .001).

Conclusion:

Patients with less preoperative joint space narrowing had less graft extrusion and cartilage loss on 1-year postoperative MRI scans, as well as better radiological and clinical outcomes at midterm follow-up, compared with patients with greater preoperative narrowing.
Towards Visibility: Subaltern Counterpublics in Paul Chirakkarode’s Pulayathara
Authors: Romeo Christina , Nayar Anupama
Published: September 2022

Christianity has always been celebrated as a catalyst towards modernity for the Dalits of Kerala. Though missionary accounts and ethnographic studies confirm the progress of the community, there was rampant casteism and separatism too. This is succinctly revealed in Dalit Christian texts. Pulayathara by Paul Chirakkarode stands as a testimony to the Dalit Christian dilemma and traces the history of the Kuttanadan Pulaya community in the pre- and post-conversion scenarios. Conversions could not change the existing public sphere of Kerala, where upper castes were the dominant party. They (Dalits) continued to be marginalized and subordinated and lacked a class consciousness. The article highlights the limitations in the public sphere that emerged in Kerala as part of the missionary endeavours in accommodating the converted Dalits. The article attempts to trace the emergence of subaltern counterpublics among the Dalit Christians to oppose the continued oppression and casteism by situating Pulayathara at the centre of the analysis.
Building the 2022 Diabetes Technology Practice Competencies Using Modified Delphi Methodology
Authors: Hughes Allyson S. , Albanese-O’Neill Anastasia , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Yehl Kirsten , Scalzo Patty , Rinker Joanne , Patil Shivajirao P.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to construct professional competencies for diabetes technology use in various care settings reflecting the mission of the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists (ADCES).

Method:

ADCES convened a core team of nationally representative diabetes technology experts to develop professional competencies specifically related to diabetes technology use. A modified Delphi methodology, which comprised 4 rounds, was used for consensus development among these experts. First, experts developed and arrived at a consensus on the initial draft of competencies. They also identified health care professionals and staff essential for effective technology integration in various diabetes care settings. A survey was completed by diabetes technology experts that are members of ADCES. Next, a multidisciplinary focus group was conducted to gain feedback. Finally, the edited competencies were distributed via survey for feedback by diabetes technology experts from various disciplines.

Results:

One hundred four diabetes technology experts in the United States participated in the final survey, representing various health care professions and clinical settings. A final set of 94 competencies across 7 domains was determined.

Conclusion:

Modified Delphi methodology is an effective way to utilize multidisciplinary expertise to develop diabetes technology-related competencies for diabetes care professionals and staff in a variety of settings. These competencies align with the mission of ADCES to empower diabetes care and education specialists to expand the horizons of innovative education, management, and support.
ERS technical standards for using type III devices (limited channel studies) in the diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing in adults and children
Authors: Riha Renata L. , Celmina Marta , Cooper Brendan , Hamutcu-Ersu Refika , Kaditis Athanasios , Morley Andrew , Pataka Athanasia , Penzel Thomas , Roberti Luca , Ruehland Warren , Testelmans Dries , van Eyck Annelies , Grundström Gert , Verbraecken Johan , Randerath Winfried
Published: September 2022

For more than three decades, type III devices have been used in the diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing in supervised as well as unsupervised settings. They have satisfactory positive and negative predictive values for detecting obstructive and central sleep apnoea in populations with moderately high pre-test probability of symptoms associated with these events. However, standardisation of commercially available type III devices has never been undertaken and the technical specifications can vary widely. None have been subjected to the same rigorous processes as most other diagnostic modalities in the medical field. Although type III devices do not include acquisition of electroencephalographic signals overnight, the minimum number of physical sensors required to allow for respiratory event scoring using standards outlined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine remains debatable. This technical standard summarises data on type III studies published since 2007 from multiple perspectives in both adult and paediatric sleep practice. Most importantly, it aims to provide a framework for considering current type III device limitations in the diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing while raising research- and practice-related questions aimed at improving our use of these devices in the present and future.
Intraoperative CT-guided navigation versus fluoroscopy for percutaneous pedicle screw placement in 192 patients: a comparative analysis
Authors: La Rocca Giuseppe , Mazzucchi Edoardo , Pignotti Fabrizio , Nasto Luigi Aurelio , Galieri Gianluca , Olivi Alessandro , De Santis Vincenzo , Rinaldi Pierluigi , Pola Enrico , Sabatino Giovanni
Published: September 2022

Background

Percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) placement is a key step in several minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) procedures. Traditional technique for PPS makes use of C-arm fluoroscopy assistance (FA). More recently, newer intraoperative imaging techniques have been developed for PPS, including CT-guided navigation (CTNav). The aim of this study was to compare FA and CTNav techniques for PPS with regard to accuracy, complications, and radiation dosage.

Materials and methods

A total of 192 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and canal stenosis who underwent MISS posterior fusion ± interbody fusion through transforaminal approach (TLIF) were retrospectively reviewed. Pedicle screws were placed percutaneously using either standard C-arm fluoroscopy guidance (FA group) or CT navigation (CTNav group). Intraoperative effective dose (ED, mSv) was measured. Screw placement accuracy was assessed postoperatively on a CT scan using Gertzbein and Robbins classification (grades A–E). Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were compared in both groups before and after surgery.

Results

A total of 101 and 91 procedures were performed with FA (FA group) and CTNav approach (CTNav group), respectively. Median age was 61 years in both groups, and the most commonly treated level was L4–L5. Median ED received from patients was 1.504 mSv (0.494–4.406) in FA technique and 21.130 mSv (10.840–30.390) in CTNav approach (p < 0.001). Percentage of grade A and B screws was significantly higher for the CTNav group (96.4% versus 92%, p < 0.001), whereas there were 16 grade E screws in the FA group and 0 grade E screws in the CTNav group (p < 0.001). A total of seven and five complications were reported in the FA and CTNav group, respectively (p = 0.771).

Conclusions

CTNav technique increases accuracy of pedicle screw placement compared with FA technique without affecting operative time. Nevertheless, no significant difference was noted in terms of reoperation rate due to screw malpositioning between CTNav and FA techniques. Radiation exposure of patients was significantly higher with CTNav technique.

Level of Evidence: Level 3.
Intron size minimisation in teleosts
Authors: Jakt Lars Martin , Dubin Arseny , Johansen Steinar Daae
Published: September 2022

Background

Spliceosomal introns are parts of primary transcripts that are removed by RNA splicing. Although introns apparently do not contribute to the function of the mature transcript, in vertebrates they comprise the majority of the transcribed region increasing the metabolic cost of transcription. The persistence of long introns across evolutionary time suggests functional roles that can offset this metabolic cost. The teleosts comprise one of the largest vertebrate clades. They have unusually compact and variable genome sizes and provide a suitable system for analysing intron evolution.

Results

We have analysed intron lengths in 172 vertebrate genomes and show that teleost intron lengths are relatively short, highly variable and bimodally distributed. Introns that were long in teleosts were also found to be long in mammals and were more likely to be found in regulatory genes and to contain conserved sequences. Our results argue that intron length has decreased in parallel in a non-random manner throughout teleost evolution and represent a deviation from the ancestral state.

Conclusion

Our observations indicate an accelerated rate of intron size evolution in the teleosts and that teleost introns can be divided into two classes by their length. Teleost intron sizes have evolved primarily as a side-effect of genome size evolution and small genomes are dominated by short introns (<256 base pairs). However, a non-random subset of introns has resisted this process across the teleosts and these are more likely have functional roles in all vertebrate clades.
Silicon enhances the drought resistance of peach seedlings by regulating hormone, amino acid, and sugar metabolism
Authors: Gao Huaifeng , Yu Wenying , Yang Xiaoqing , Liang Jiahui , Sun Xiwu , Sun Maoxiang , Xiao Yuansong , Peng Futian
Published: September 2022

Background

Drought is one of the main concerns worldwide and restricts the development of agriculture. Silicon improves the drought resistance of plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Results

We sequenced the transcriptomes of both control and silicon-treated peach seedlings under drought stress to identify genes or gene networks that could be managed to increase the drought tolerance of peach seedlings. Peach (Prunus persica) seedlings were used to analyse the effects of silicon on plant growth and physiological indexes related to drought resistance under drought stress. The results showed that silicon addition improved the water use efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and net photosynthetic rate, inhibition of stomatal closure, promoted the development of roots, and further regulated the synthesis of hormones, amino acids and sugars in peach seedlings. A comparative transcriptome analysis identified a total of 2275 genes that respond to silicon under drought stress. These genes were mainly involved in ion transport, hormone and signal transduction, biosynthetic and metabolic processes, stress and defence responses and other processes. We analysed the effects of silicon on the modulation of stress-related hormonal crosstalk and amino acid and sugar metabolism. The results showed that silicon promotes zeatin, gibberellin, and auxin biosynthesis, inhibits the synthesis of abscisic acid, then promote lateral root development and inhibit stomatal closure, and regulates the signal transduction of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and salicylic acid. Silicon also regulates the metabolism of various amino acids and promotes the accumulation of sucrose and glucose to improve drought resistance of peach seedlings.

Conclusions

Silicon enhanced the drought resistance of peach seedlings by regulating stress-related hormone synthesis and signal transduction, and regulating amino acid and sugar metabolism.