bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Esteem, Weight Status, and Trying to Lose Weight During Young Adulthood: The Roles of Sex and Ethnicity/Race
Authors: Elran-Barak Roni
Published: July 2019

Objectives: This study sought to examine sex and ethnicity/race differences in the associations between self-esteem, weight status, and trying to lose weight among young adults in the United States.Methods: Data were drawn from Wave III (2001/2002) of the US National Longitu­dinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health public-use sample). Body mass index (BMI) was measured during in-home visits. Weight-loss patterns, self-esteem, and sociodemographics were assessed via self-reports. Logistic regression models were fitted among 4,594 young adults who were aged 21.8 (SD=1.8) years.Results: Obesity was associated with rela­tively poor self-esteem among both African American (P=.007) and White females (P<.006). In comparison to not trying to lose weight, trying to lose weight was associ­ated with poorer self-esteem among nor­mal-weight (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.03–1.47) and overweight (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.07– 1.72) White females, but not among White females with obesity (OR=1.19, 95% CI=.92–1.55), African American females (OR=.81, 95% CI=.57–1.17), or males (OR=1.00, 95% CI=.88–1.14).Conclusion: The decision to lose weight was linked with poor self-esteem solely among normal-weight and overweight White females. African American and White females with obesity presented with rela­tively poor self-esteem, but their decision to lose weight was not linked with their self-esteem. More studies are needed to under­stand the psychological mechanism behind the decision to lose weight among White females with obesity, African American fe­males, and males. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):485-494. doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.485
Adulticide Efficacy of Artemisia vulgaris L. against Aedes aegypti L.
Authors: Ninditya Vika Ichsania , Purwati Endah , Utami Ajeng Tyas , Marwaningtyaz Aprillyani Sofa , Fairuz Nadia Khairunnisa , Hamid Penny Humaidah
Published: July 2019

Aedes aegypti is the vector of various arthropod-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya and currently, zika. This study aimed to evaluate Artemisia vulgarisas other adulticides for controlling Ae. aegypti. Indonesian ministry of health hasbeen reported that more than 70.000 dengue fever human cases have occurred in 2015 covering 34 provinces which mean that dengue fever has spread now into all national territories. Eradication of Aedes still largely depends on insecticides, which is the most cost-effective strategy, and often inefficient due to resistance development in exposed Aedes population This study was designed to use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bioassay standard. CDC bottles were coated with the ethanolic solution of extract with a concentration of 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 50000, and 100000 g per bottle. F0 mosquitoes were used for all experiments. Death and surviving mosquitoes were evaluated based on CDC standard assay. The test was performed with 10-25 adult mosquitoes every bottle and each concentration was repeated in triplicates. The results showed that LC50 and LC90 were 5790 g and 52110 g respectively after 120 minutes exposure to the extract. There was no mortality in ethanol control group. A. vulgaris significantly (P < 0.05) have adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. However, A. vulgaris have been reported to have larvacidal activity against Ae. Aegypti. These results indicated clearly that A. Vulgaris might act as the candidate of bioinsecticides for controlling Ae. aegypti. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Artemisia vulgaris, adulticide,bio insecticide.
Discriminant AnalysisFor Cluster Validation In A Case Study of District Grouping In Jember Regency Based On Poverty
Authors: Istiqomah Fikriana Nur , Tirta Made , Anggareni Dian
Published: July 2019

Cluster validation is a procedure to evaluate the results of cluster analysis quantitively and objectively on a data. The validation process is very important to get the results of a good and appropriate grouping. In the validation process, the author uses internal validation, stability, and discriminant analysis test. This study aims to obtain validation results from the hierarchy and kmeans method. This data grouping uses “iris” simulation data, which results from the grouping method used can be applied to the original data to see which vaidation method is used for all data and produce an optimal grouping. The result of the study show that in the “iris” data, a single linkage link is an appropriate grouping method because the result of the grouping are optimal for all validations and classification of group members whose groups are significant. In District poverty data in Jember Regency with a single linkage link optimal grouping was obtained and complete linkage links were also used as a method that resulted in optimal groupig for all validation. Cluster validation discriminant analysis test is appropriate for various types of data in general annd shows that single linkage methods are better than other methods for grouping and validation methods for “iris” data and District data in Jember Regency based on variabels of poverty status. Keywords: Cluster Analysis, Diskriminant Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Validation Cluster.
Estimativa da altura da base das copas com o uso de dados laser scanning aerotransportado (LiDAR)
Authors: Giongo Marcos , Koehler Henrique Soares , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro , Bastos Patrick dos Santos , Santos André Ferreira dos , Santopuoli Giovanni
Published: July 2019

Ultimamente, a aquisição de dados usando o Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) com a tecnologia LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) está se tornando promissora no campo florestal, especialmente para estimativa de variáveis ​​dendrométricas e para avaliar a estrutura vertical e horizontal da floresta. As informações topográficas e de cobertura florestal são extremamente importantes para os gerentes de florestas e recursos naturais. Informações precisas sobre a altura e densidade das árvores são fundamentais para o planejamento, mas também são difíceis de obter pelos métodos convencionais. O uso da modelagem associada aos dados do LIDAR permite ao pesquisador obter estimativas de várias outras variáveis ​​florestais, como área basal, diâmetro, volume, biomassa e material combustível. A estimativa das alturas base das árvores com parcelas de diferentes tamanhos (10, 15 e 20 metros) mostrou um erro padrão de 1,42, 0,95 e 0,82 m, o que corresponde a 23,62, 15,70 e 13,84%, respectivamente.
Kesesuaian Taman Cerdas sebagai Ruang Publik skala Pelayanan Kelurahan terhadap Konsep Kota Layak Anak (KLA)
Authors: Sari Rahma Puspita , Kusumastuti Kusumastuti , Putri Rufia Andisetyana
Published: July 2019

The Child Friendly City (CFC) is a concept for a city that can guarantee children to get their rights in urban area. The Child Friendly City (CFC) is expected for children to get their rights including health, protection, care, education, no discrimination, aware of their environment and culture, participate in designing the city, and have the freedom to play. Surakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia which have applied the concept of Child Friendly City (CFC) since 2008. To support implementation of Child Friendly City (CFC) concept, the city must provide a public space for children to be able to transfer their creativity and also have recreational purpose, which is ‘taman cerdas’. The right choice of location, facility, environment, and security need to be considered, because each children go through different phase. The purpose of this study are (1) Knowing the suitability of taman cerdas component as the public space of neighborhood service scale to the concept of Child Friendly Cities (CFC) and (2) Analyze the suitability level of taman cerdas as the public space of neighborhood service scale to the concept of Child Friendly Cities (CFC). The method used in this research is quantitative research with deductive approach, this research used scoring analysis. Survey conducted for this study were primary surveys, consist of observation and interviews, and secondary survey in the form of data. From these results, the advantage of knowing the level of conformity of ‘taman cerdas’ as the public spaces of neighborhood service to the concept of Child Friendly Cities (CFC) has four variables such as strategic location, facilities for playing and learning according to the needs of children, comfortable and healthy environment, as well as comfort and security. Then those variables are used for the assessment tools to eight ‘taman cerdas’ in Surakarta. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are four ‘taman cerdas’ is match with the variables above, which is ‘taman cerdas’ Mojosongo, Joyotakan, Pajang, and Jebres. Meanwhile there are also four ‘taman cerdas’ that not match with the variables of thes research those are ‘taman cerdas’ Sumber, Gandekan, Kadipiro, and Pucangsawit. The conclusion is the city needs to increase the the component for taman cerdas  as public space service scale of neighborhood for Child Friendly Cities (CFC) at Surakarta.
Tingkat Kualitas Permukiman (Studi Kasus: Permukiman Sekitar Tambang Galian C Kecamatan Weru Kabupaten Sukoharjo)
Authors: Setiawan Lilik Anjar , Astuti Winny , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: July 2019

Settlement is defined as a components combination of housing, environment and life of the societies who live in it. Quality of settlement components can describe how the condition of the settlement itself. Several settlement areas in Weru Subdistrict, Sukoharjo District have a C-type quarry location inside. Based on the Sukoharjo District Spatial Plan, that area is planned as settlement activities. There are other activities that should be supported by the components of the settlements that only planned to accommodate settlement activities. Question in this research is to know the level of settlement quality of each block in settlement area around C-type quarry in Weru Subdistrict seen from (1) nature, (2) shell, (3) infrastucture network, and (4) society. This research is a quantitative research using scoring analysis technique. The result shown that there is difference between each block of settlement. Block 2 has high quality because it has several components with high quality such as buildings, infrastructure network, and the level of public health. The  other blocks such as block 1, block 3, block 4, and block 5 have medium quality with several medium quality of components such as green space, road network, economic level and level of public health. Improvement are needed for some components to improve the quality of settlements in each block so that the whole settlements becomes better to lived.
Asimilasi sebagai Terjemahan Bentuk Adaptasi dalam Resiliensi Komunitas Kampung Kota di Kampung Sudiroprajan Surakarta
Authors: Istanabi Tendra , Roychansyah Muhammad Sani , Swasto Deva Fosterharoldas
Published: July 2019

Resilience is a concept that integrates between mitigation, adaptation and innovation. On a smaller scale, community-based resilience forms a translation of strong social capital. In Indonesia the majority of the urban community is formed in a container called Kampung Kota. Kampung Kota has the character of tolerance, cohesiveness, and solidarity. Kampung Kota becomes important to be used as research setting because with its characteristic, Kampung Kota able to produce its own value so that it can face threat, pressure and turmoil with its way. Kampung Sudiroprajan is one of the kampung Kota in Surakarta City that has unique resilience experience especially related to the relationship between Javanese and Chinese. This study aims to determine the concept of resilience that is formed in Kampung Sudiroprajan as part of the Kampung Kota community. Kampung Sudiroprajan can give an idea of resilience concept of community scale which tend to original and typical. This research uses case study methodology by exploring the form of resilience conducted in Kampung Sudiroprajan. This study found the uniqueness of adaptation process of Kampung Sudiroprajan community. Adaptation is translated in the form of assimilation. The assimilation resulted in the social condition of the society which tends to be more fluid, especially in the face of several times the events that become threats, pressure, and turmoil for the Chinese. Assimilation creates a new value that becomes the glue of the relationship for the Javanese Ethnic community and the Chinese Ethnic Community.
DAMPAK PABRIK SRITEX TERHADAP KUALITAS PERMUKIMAN PADA WILAYAH SEKITAR PABRIK
Authors: Wardani Ardhina Kusuma , Nurhadi Kuswanto , Andini Isti
Published: July 2019

Sritex plant keeps growing which is resulting directly or indirectly attracts many labor to reside Sritex plant’s neighbourhood in order to facilitate their activities. Whereas, the Permenperin (Industrial Minister’s Regulation) No. 35 of 2010 states that the minimal distance of house to the location of plant should be more than 2000 meters recalling the hazard potentially generated by the plant to the living of the society staying there. The arrival of the labor from outside Sukoharjo Districts and surrounding areas who reside Sritex plant’s neighbourhood cause environmental burden increasing. On the other side, residents who oriented economic and can take advantage of the opportunities, their economic conditions improved and standard life increased by the existence of the Sritex plant. Based on these problems, this research want to know how impacts the existence of Sritex plant against settlement quality at Sritex plant’s neighbourhood. This research uses quantitative methods supported by several analysis techniques, including descriptive narrative analysis to identify the characteristics of Sritex plant and Paired Sample T-Test analysis to identify settlement quality at Sritex plant’s neighbourhood. The characteristic of Sritex plant divided into expanding and not expanding. While settlement quality is divided into a significant change and insignificant change / stagnant. Then an analysis of the impact of Sritex plant against settlement quality at plant’s neighbourhood using an explanatory descriptive analysis from the results of the previous analysis. Based on the results of the analysis known that the impact of Sritex plant against settlement quality viewed from the physical character of nature (Nature), social community (Society), residential buildings (Shells) and network system (Network) in the entire research area, from 17 sub variables, there are 12 sub variables changed or equal to 71% of settlements quality changed due to the expanding of Sritex plant. So known to occur relations, in which Sritex plant that expands impact on the changing significant of settlement quality on research area which is 2.000 meters of Sritex plant. The impact of expanding Sritex plant against variable of settlement quality from largest to smallest is the first Nature and Society variable, the second Network variable and the third Shell variable.

 

Keywords:the impact of plant, quality settlement
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN PENATAAN PKL SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENATAAN RUANG KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Rahayu Murtanti Jani , Werdiningtyas Rr. Ratri , Musyawaroh Musyawaroh
Published: July 2019

Hunger and poverty countermeasure was appointed to be the first target in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) global mandate. It is relevant with Indonesia’s condition in the last three years in which the amount of poverty-stricken people grew significantly. To boost the population’s economy to a sustainable level, Solo’s City Government try to give more space to the informal sectors in the city. This policy doesn’t aim to improve the economy quantitatively but also equitably by facilitating the informal sectors, so that they can compete with the formal sectors that are dominated by the “big companies” as in nearly every big city in Indonesia.

One of the growing informal sectors is the street vendors. Relocation and stabilization are the two programs run by the Surakarta government to give a better chance for the street vendors to survive the competition with the formal sectors. Hundreds even thousands of street vendors in Solo has been regulated to empower the city’s local economy. The factors that influence the success of the street vendor regulation isn’t only perceived from the city’s aesthetics, which always became the main reason, but also perceived from the quality growth in activity performance after the program has been done to ensure sustainability.
The success of the street vendor regulation must be seen from the street vendor’s perspective. Unique character and street vendor behavior that vary richly must be known to ensure the street vendors can accept the planned program. In order to point out the location character role in the city’s spatial arrangement strategy, the focal point of this research is exploring the factors that influence street vendor regulation adjusting with the needs and demands of street vendors
Improving Hurricane Harvey Disaster Research Response Through Academic–Practice Partnerships
Authors: Horney Jennifer A. , Rios Janelle , Cantu Adelita , Ramsey Steve , Montemayor Lisa , Raun Loren , Miller Aubrey
Published: July 2019

After Hurricane Harvey, researchers, media, and public health agencies collected data in Houston, Texas, to assess potential health effects and inform the public. To limit redundancy and ensure sampling coverage of impacted areas, research and practice partners used disaster research response (DR2) resources and relied on partnerships formed during a 2015 DR2 workshop in Houston. Improved coordination after the disaster can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of DR2 and enable the use of data to improve recovery and preparedness for future disasters.
Risk Factors for Fatal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of the WHO Line List, 2013–2018
Authors: Rahman Arifur , Sarkar Atanu
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To explore complex associations among demographic factors, risk factors, health care, and fatality rates of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods. We based this study on analysis of a publicly accessible line listing of 1256 MERS-CoV cases (2013 to October 2018) available on the World Health Organization’s Web site. For analyses of demographic factors (e.g., age, gender), access to health care, promptness of laboratory services, risk factors (comorbidity, exposure to camels and persons with MERS-CoV), occupation (health care), and outcome (fatality), we used descriptive statistics, risk ratio (RR), and the Pearson χ2 test.

Results. Presence of comorbidity (RR = 3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 3.9), being male (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.1), exposure to dromedary camels (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3, 2.3), and consumption of camel milk (RR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.9, 1.7) can significantly increase risk for fatality. Health care workers have significantly lower fatality (P < .001) than the rest of the persons with MERS-CoV.

Conclusions. Policies that promote health awareness for the high-risk population and their prompt seeking of health care should be considered. Publicly accessible line lists of infectious diseases such as MERS-CoV can be valuable sources for epidemiological analysis.
Cross-Cultural Comparison of Postoperative Discharge Opioid Prescribing After Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Young Jason D. , Bhashyam Abhiram R. , Qudsi Rameez A. , Parisien Robert L. , Shrestha Swastina , van der Vliet Quirine M.J. , Fils Jacky , Losina Elena , Dyer George S.M.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The extent of variation in analgesic prescribing following musculoskeletal injury among countries and cultural contexts is poorly understood. Such an understanding can inform both domestic prescribing and future policy. The aim of our survey study was to evaluate how opioid prescribing by orthopaedic residents varies by geographic context.

Methods:

Orthopaedic residents in 3 countries in which residents are the primary prescribers of postoperative analgesia in academic medical centers (Haiti, the Netherlands, and the U.S.) responded to surveys utilizing vignette-based musculoskeletal trauma case scenarios. The residents chose which medications they would prescribe for post-discharge analgesia. We standardized opioid prescriptions in the surveys by conversion to morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). We then constructed multivariable regressions with generalized estimating equations to describe differences in opiate prescription according to country, the resident’s sex and training year, and the injury site and age in the test cases.

Results:

U.S. residents prescribed significantly more total MMEs per case (mean [95% confidence interval] = 383 [331 to 435]) compared with residents from the Netherlands (229 [160 to 297]) and from Haiti (101 [52 to 150]) both overall (p < 0.0001) and for patients treated for injuries of the femur (452 [385 to 520], 315 [216 to 414], and 103 [37 to 169] in the U.S., the Netherlands, and Haiti, respectively), tibial plateau (459 [388 to 531], 280 [196 to 365], and 114 [46 to 183]), tibial shaft (440 [380 to 500], 294 [205 to 383], and 141 [44 to 239]), wrist (239 [194 to 284], 78 [36 to 119], and 63 [30 to 95]), and ankle (331 [270 to 393], 190 [100 to 280], and 85 [42 to 128]) (p = 0.0272). U.S. residents prescribed significantly more MMEs for patients <40 years old (432 [374 to 490]) than for those >70 years old (327 [270 to 384]) (p = 0.0019).

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate greater prescribing of postoperative opioids at discharge in the U.S. compared with 2 other countries, 1 low-income and 1 high-income. Our findings highlight the high U.S. reliance on opioid prescribing for postoperative pain control after orthopaedic trauma.

Clinical Relevance:

Our findings point toward a need for careful reassessment of current opioid prescribing habits in the U.S. and demand reflection on how we can maximize effectiveness in pain management protocols and reduce provider contributions to the ongoing opioid crisis.
The Personal Financial Burden Associated with Musculoskeletal Trauma
Authors: Bhashyam Abhiram R. , McGovern Madeline M. , Mueller Taina , Heng Marilyn , Harris Mitchel B. , Weaver Michael J.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Little is known about the effect of orthopaedic trauma on the financial health of patients. We hypothesized that some patients who sustain musculoskeletal trauma experience considerable financial hardship during treatment, and we also assessed for factors associated with increased personal financial burden.

Methods:

We surveyed 236 of 393 consecutive patients who were approached at 1 of 2 American College of Surgeons level-I trauma centers between 2016 and 2017 following the completion of treatment for a musculoskeletal injury (60% response rate). Two validated measures (financial burden composite score and dichotomized worry score) were used to assess the financial hardship that patients experienced with the injury.

Results:

There were 236 participants in the study, the mean age was 56.3 years (range, 19 to 94 years), and 48.7% of patients were male. Of the 236 patients, 97.9% had medical insurance, yet the mean financial burden composite score (and standard deviation) was 2.4 ± 2.2 (0 indicated low and 6 indicated high). In this study, 25.0% of patients had high levels of worry about financial problems that resulted from the injury. Fifty-four percent of patients used their savings to pay for their care, and 23% of patients borrowed money or took out a loan. Twenty-three percent of patients missed payment on other bills. Fifty-seven percent of patients were required to cut expenses in general. Patients with higher composite financial burden scores had a significantly increased likelihood of high financial worry (odds ratio [OR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5 to 2.2]; p < 0.001). Factors associated with increased financial hardship were high-deductible health plan insurance (coefficient, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.002 to 0.528]; p = 0.048), Medicaid insurance (coefficient, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.342 to 0.863]; p < 0.001), failure to complete high school (coefficient, 0.475 [95% CI, 0.033 to 0.918]; p = 0.035), increased number of surgical procedures (coefficient, 0.067 [95% CI, 0.005 to 0.129]; p = 0.035), and prior medical or student loans (coefficient, 0.769 [95% CI, 0.523 to 1.016]; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Despite a high rate of insurance, patients with orthopaedic trauma in our study had high rates of worry and financial distress. Asking about financial hardship may help to identify those patients with a higher personal financial burden and may promote allocation of additional social support and services.
Surgical Treatment of Localized-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors of Large Joints
Authors: Mastboom M.J.L. , Staals E.L. , Verspoor F.G.M. , Rueten-Budde A.J. , Stacchiotti S. , Palmerini E. , Schaap G.R. , Jutte P.C. , Aston W. , Leithner A. , Dammerer D. , Takeuchi A. , Thio Q. , Niu X. , Wunder J.S. , van de Sande M.A.J. ,   on behalf of the Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors (TGCT) Study Group
Published: July 2019

Update

This article was updated on April 9, 2020, because of a previous error. On page 1309, in the list of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors (TGCT) Study Group members, the contributor name that had read “M. Wook Joo” should have read “M.W. Joo.”

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2020 May 20;102(10):e49.

Background:

Localized-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare, neoplastic disease with only limited data supporting treatment protocols. We describe treatment protocols and evaluate their oncological outcome, complications, and functional results in a large multicenter cohort of patients. A secondary study aim was to identify factors associated with local recurrence after surgical treatment.

Methods:

Patients with histologically proven localized TGCT of a large joint were included if they had been treated between 1990 and 2017 in 1 of 31 tertiary sarcoma centers. Of 941 patients with localized TGCT, 62% were female. The median age at initial treatment was 39 years, and the median duration of follow-up was 34 months. Sixty-seven percent of the tumors affected the knee, and the primary treatment at the tertiary center was 1-stage open resection in 73% of the patients. Proposed factors for predicting a first local recurrence after treatment in the tertiary center were tested in a univariate analysis, and those that demonstrated significance were subsequently included in a multivariate analysis.

Results:

The localized TGCT recurred in 12% of all cases, with local-recurrence-free rates at 3, 5, and 10 years of 88%, 83%, and 79%, respectively. The strongest factor for predicting recurrent disease was a prior recurrence (p < 0.001). Surgical treatment decreased pain and swelling in 71% and 85% of the patients, respectively, and such treatment was associated with complications in 4% of the patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the patients who had not undergone therapy previously yielded positive associations between local recurrence and a tumor size of ≥5 cm versus <5 cm (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32 to 4.74; p = 0.005). Arthroscopy (versus open surgery) was significantly associated with tumor recurrence in the univariate analysis (p = 0.04) but not in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.056).

Conclusions:

Factors associated with recurrence after resection of localized-type TGCT were larger tumor size and initial treatment with arthroscopy. Relatively low complication rates and good functional outcomes warrant an open approach with complete resection when possible to reduce recurrence rates in high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prostate cancer screening in low- and middle- income countries: the Mexican case
Authors: Lajous Martin , Cooperberg Matthew R , Rider Jennifer , Manzanilla-García Hugo Arturo , Gabilondo-Navarro Fernando Bernardo , Rodríguez-Covarrubias Francisco Tomás , López-Ridaura Ruy , Torres-Sánchez Luisa Elvira , Mohar Alejandro
Published: July 2019

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based early detection for prostate cancer is the subject of intense debate. Imple­mentation of organized prostate cancer screening has been challenging, in part because the PSA test is so amenable to opportunistic screening. To the extent that access to cancer screening tests increases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need to thoughtfully evaluate existing and future cancer screening strategies to ensure benefit and control costs. We used Mexico’s prostate cancer screening efforts to illustrate the challenges LMICs face. We provide five considerations for policymakers for a smarter approach and implementation of PSA-based screening.
Certificación de establecimientos de atención médica en México: análisis de los incentivos para su continuidad
Authors: Galván-García Ángel Fernando , Vértiz-Ramírez José De Jesús , Sánchez-Domínguez Mario Salvador , Sauceda-Valenzuela Alma Lucila , Rueda-Neria Celina Magally , Poblano-Verástegui Ofelia
Published: July 2019

Objetivo. Analizar el posible efecto de los modelos de certificación y de los incentivos implementados en la parti­cipación de establecimientos de atención médica (EAM) en la certificación del Consejo de Salubridad General entre 1999- 2017. Material y métodos. Se colectaron documentos oficiales, impresos y en línea, sobre la certificación de EAM y se solicitó información a diversas instancias relacionadas mediante mecanismos de transparencia. Se analizó la partici­pación de EAM en los períodos político-administrativos entre 1999-2017. Resultados. El promedio anual de participación entre 1999-2000 fue de 259.5 EAM; entre 2013-2016, de 72.5. La participación de EAM públicos es decreciente. En 2017, los EAM certificados eran <1%. Conclusiones. No se identificaron efectos positivos ni sostenidos de ajustes al modelo, ni de los incentivos implementados. Se observa disminución de la participación en los distintos periodos político-administrativos. Debe evaluarse profundamente el Sistema Nacional de Certificación de EAM y su posible efecto en la calidad clínica.
Frequency of non-single canals in mandibular premolars and correlations with other anatomical variants: an in vivo cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Jang Young-Eun , Kim Yemi , Kim Bom Sahn , Kim Sin-Young , Kim Hyung-Jong
Published: July 2019

Background: A knowledge regarding anatomical variants is important to achieve success in endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment of mandibular first premolars (PM1s) is challenging due to the existence of numerous variations in canal configurations, including a C-shaped variant. We aim to determine the frequency and morphologic characteristics of non-single canals of mandibular first (PM1s) and second (PM2s) premolars in a Korean population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate correlations between non-single canals of PM1s and other anatomical variants, such as distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (M1s) and C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars (M2s).
Methods: A total of 971 PM1s and 997 PM2s from 500 patients were examined in vivo by CBCT. Root canal configurations and C-shaped canals were determined in accordance with the Vertucci classification and Fan classification, respectively. The correlation between non-single canals in PM1s and DLRs in M1s was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.
Results: PM2s typically had one root (99.89%) with one canal (98.4%). Among PM1s with non-single canals (21.2%), Vertucci type V (10.9%) and C-shaped (3.7%) canals were prevalent. Among C-shaped PM1 canals, the majority were Vertucci type V (77.8%); a C-shaped configuration (C2) was predominant mostly at the middle and/or apical third of the root. After adjusting for other variables (i.e., sex, age, and side), C-shaped canals in PM1s was significantly correlated with the presence of DLRs in M1s (odds ratio = 2.616; 95% confidence interval, 1.257–5.443; p = 0.010).
Conclusions: The presence of C-shaped PM1 canals was positively related to the presence of DLRs in M1s. Although C-shaped canals in PM1s are difficult to distinguish, this finding could aid clinicians in predicting C-shaped canal configurations in PM1s of patients who exhibit DLRs in M1s.
Genomic content of chemosensory genes correlates with host range in wood-boring beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae, Agrilus planipennis, and Anoplophora glabripennis)
Authors: Andersson Martin N. , Keeling Christopher I. , Mitchell Robert F.
Published: July 2019

Background

Olfaction and gustation underlie behaviors that are crucial for insect fitness, such as host and mate selection. The detection of semiochemicals is mediated via proteins from large and rapidly evolving chemosensory gene families; however, the links between a species’ ecology and the diversification of these genes remain poorly understood. Hence, we annotated the chemosensory genes from genomes of select wood-boring coleopterans, and compared the gene repertoires from stenophagous species with those from polyphagous species.

Results

We annotated 86 odorant receptors (ORs), 60 gustatory receptors (GRs), 57 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), 36 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and 47 ORs, 30 GRs, 31 IRs, 4 SNMPs, 12 OBPs, and 14 CSPs in the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Four SNMPs and 17 CSPs were annotated in the polyphagous wood-borer Anoplophora glabripennis. The gene repertoires in the stenophagous D. ponderosae and A. planipennis are reduced compared with those in the polyphagous A. glabripennis and T. castaneum, which is largely manifested through small gene lineage expansions and entire lineage losses. Alternative splicing of GRs was limited in D. ponderosae and apparently absent in A. planipennis, which also has lost one carbon dioxide receptor (GR1). A. planipennis has two SNMPs which are related to SNMP3 in T. castaneum. D. ponderosae has two alternatively spliced OBPs, a novel OBP “tetramer”, and as many as eleven IR75 members. Simple orthology was generally rare, but we report one clade of orthologous putative bitter-taste GRs (named the “GR215 clade”), and conservation of IR60a from Drosophila melanogaster also in beetles.

Conclusions

Our annotation represents significant quantitative and qualitative improvements compared to original datasets derived from transcriptomes of D. ponderosae and A. planipennis. These gene sets facilitate evolutionary analysis of chemosensory genes in the Coleoptera where only a few genomes were annotated previously, and suggests a correlation between chemosensory gene content and host specificity in beetles. Future studies should include additional species to consolidate this correlation, and functionally characterize identified proteins, as an important step towards improved control of these destructive pests.
Surgical rib fixation: Five-year experience from an Australian trauma centre
Authors: Patel Bhavik , Hung Gary , Stroebel Andrie , Wullschleger Martin
Published: July 2019

Background
Literature suggests surgical rib fixation in the acute phase of injury leads to positive outcomes. We have implemented this practice since 2014 and detail the outcomes of rib fixation from our institution.
Methods
We implement a multidisciplinary team management for chest injury. Failure to progress despite maximum intervention by the pain specialist is identified early leading to operative intervention. Retrospective 5-year review was performed on patients undergoing surgical rib fixation looking into the effect on pain scores, length of in hospital stay, post-operative complications and follow up.
Results
Thirty-seven cases (81% males) with a mean age of 56 met the inclusion criteria. All patients underwent rib fixation within 96 hours of admission. Of all included patients, 57% (n=21) required intensive care unit admission for ventilatory support. Of this subset of patients, 66% (n=14) were discharged to ward management within 48 hours, the remaining seven patients required ongoing support secondary to co-existing injuries requiring ongoing management in the unit. Post operatively, pain scores reduced at median of 2 days with a standard deviation of 2.5 days. The in-hospital stay also reduced by 155 hours (6 days) over the period of 5 years. There were two early complications in the series, but no mortality. At 28 days post operatively, both clinical and radiological follow up suggested no hardware or residual pulmonary complications.
Conclusion
This single institution study presents the early results of surgical rib fixation with satisfactory outcomes and minimal complications. Ongoing follow-up will provide a more detailed analysis of long-term outcomes
Key Words Rib Fractures, Surgical stabilisation of rib fractures, Outcomes
Involving clinical staff members in the management of low back pain in general practice: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Knudsen Randi Hessellund , Thomsen Janus Laust , Andersen Camilla Aakjaer , Afzali Tamana , Riis Allan
Published: July 2019

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Patient education and self-management have the potential to improve the care of patients. However, high workload and little available time for consultations are argued to challenge the delivery of optimal care in general practice. Involving clinical staff members in the management of diabetes and of patients with hypertension has shown to be feasible. Consequently, involving clinical staff members in providing education and information to patients may improve the delivery of patient information and education. However, this require a shift in the division of tasks and general practitioners’ (GPs’) barriers and facilitators for this is currently unknown. The aim is to explore GPs’ barriers and facilitators to involve clinical staff members in the treatment of LBP in general practice.

Methods

This is a qualitative, semi-structured interview study. We used the phenomenological approach to study experiences and attitudes towards changing the management of patients with LBP from the GPs’ perspectives. Analysis was conducted using inductive descriptive methods.

Results

We conducted five 60-minute interviews with Danish GPs. All GPs had experience with task delegation, but it varied which tasks the GPs delegated and to which types of clinical staff members. The following barriers towards clinical staff member involvement were identified: Patients with LBP is a heterogeneous group with a variety of treatment needs, the examination and treatment can be considered as one coherent process, and it would require external support. Involving clinical staff members can release GP time. Another facilitator was the possibility for improving the uptake of clinical guidelines and involvement of practice nurses was considered to improve the provision of patient education and lead to greater patient self-management.

Conclusion

While some GPs currently consider delegation to clinical staff members a good idea in the treatment of LBP, others prefer the existing treatment strategy without clinical staff member involvement. Consequently, healthcare providers need to address existing barriers and facilitators for involving clinical staff members when advocating for a future multi professional treatment strategy of LBP in general practice.
Factors associated with HIV-related stigma toward people living with HIV among nurses in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yin Yao , Chen Angela Chia-Chen , Wan Shaoping , Chen Hong
Published: July 2019

Background

The Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture has one of the most serious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in China. Evidence shows HIV-related stigma toward people living with HIV (PLWH) among nurses impedes HIV prevention and treatment. However, only limited research about HIV-related stigma toward PLWH from the perspective of nurses in Liangshan has been conducted. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess HIV-related stigma toward PLWH among nurses and determine factors associated with it in Liangshan, China.

Methods

Using a stratified, random cluster sampling method, registered nurses (N=1,248; primary hospitals=102, secondary hospitals=592, tertiary hospitals=554) were recruited 10 hospitals in Liangshan. All participants completed an anonymous online survey measuring sociodemographic characteristics, HIV-related stigma and HIV knowledge. We used multiple stepwise regression analysis to examine factors associated with HIV-related stigma toward PLWH among these nurses.

Results

The mean score of HIV-related stigma among nurses was 50.7 (SD = 8.3; range 25-78). Nurses who were more experienced, had higher levels of education, and were working in tertiary hospitals reported higher level of HIV-related stigma. Those who had better HIV knowledge, reported a willingness to receive HIV-related training, were working in areas that had a high prevalence of HIV, had prior experience working in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) specialized hospitals, and worked in hospitals that had policies to protect PLWH showed a lower level of HIV-related stigma toward PLWH.

Conclusions

Findings suggested that providing culturally congruent education and training about HIV and care, and having hospitals that promoted policies protecting PLWH, may reduce HIV-related stigma toward PLWH among nurses in China.
The risk of cesarean delivery after labor induction among women with prior pregnancy complications: A subgroup analysis of the AFFIRM study
Authors: Skeith Leslie , Gal Grégoire Le , de Vries Johanna IP , Middeldorp Saskia , Goddijn Mariëtte , Kaaja Risto , Gris Jean-Christophe , Martinelli Ida , Schleußner Ekkehard , Petroff David , Langlois Nicole , Rodger Marc A.
Published: July 2019

Objective: To determine the risk of cesarean delivery after labor induction among patients with prior placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, late pregnancy loss, placental abruption or intrauterine growth restriction). Study Design: The AFFIRM database includes patient level data from 9 randomized controlled trials that evaluated the role of LMWH versus no LMWH during pregnancy to prevent recurrent placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. The primary outcome of this sub-study was the proportion of women who had an unplanned cesarean delivery after induction of labor compared to after spontaneous labor. Results: There were 512 patients from 7 randomized trials included in our sub-study. There was no difference in the risk of cesarean delivery between women with labor induction (21/148, 14.2%) and spontaneous labor (79/364, 21.7%) (odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% CI, 0.35-1.01; p=0.052). Among 274 women who used LMWH prophylaxis during pregnancy, the risk of cesarean delivery was lower among those that underwent labor induction (9.8%) compared to spontaneous labor (22.4%) (OR 0.38, 95% CI, 0.17-0.84; p=0.01). Conclusions: The risk of cesarean delivery is not increased after labor induction among a higher risk patient population with prior pregnancy complications. Our results suggest that women who receive LMWH during pregnancy might benefit from labor induction.
Abnormal Optic Nerves Signals in Orbital MRI: a Rare Sign in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Ma Zhonghua , Jiang Hanqiu , Wang Jiawei
Published: July 2019

Background It is recognized that radiological examination is essential for the diagnosis of Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The present study demonstrated a rare sign of IIH in optic nerves on MRI images.

Methods Review the medical records and MRI images of 82 the patients with IIH referred to our neurology department from January 2017 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria were: 1) accorded with the IIH diagnostic criteria adapted from Friedman et al. [1], 2) abnormal optic nerve signal with enhancement on orbital MRI, 3) no better explanation for the optic nerve involvement.

Results 12 patients are enrolled. The age of patients ranged from 16 to 55 years, median age 32.91±14.36 years, two patients were male and ten were female. The CSF opening pressures (OP) of all patients were all above 30 cmH2O. Enhancement of optic nerves sheaths (ONS) in retrobulbar segments were observed in all affected eyes showed on coronal orbital MRI gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced T1WI sequence.

Conclusions Enhancement of ONS on MRI is a rare sign of IIH that clinicians should recognize in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Keywords: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Optic nerves sheaths, Orbital MRI
Analysis on Factors Related to Family Caregivers Burden for Elderly Patients with Spinal Tumors in Northwest China
Authors: Luo Jing , Liu Haiping , Hu Jing
Published: July 2019

Background

Primary caregivers of elderly patients with spinal tumors suffer considerable pain and burden during the care process. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with caregiver burden in elderly patients with spinal tumors.

Methods

A total of 220 elderly patients with spinal tumors (age, ≥ 65 years) hospitalized in the spine center of our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 and their primary caregivers were selected in this cross-sectional study. Patients and their primary caregivers were all investigated through the sociodemographic questionnaire. The caregiver burden, social support and self-efficacy were assessed by the Chinese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), respectively. The related factors of caregiver burden were analyzed by multivariate analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

The 216 elderly patients with spinal tumors aged (71.59 ± 8.49) years, and their caregivers aged (70.46 ± 9.13) years. 170 patients were cared for by spouses, accounting for 78.7% of all caregivers. ZBI score of primary caregivers was 35.5 ± 7.5, and most caregivers (84.5%) showed moderate or heavy burden. The factors related to caregiver burden included patients’ paralysis and pain scores and caregivers’ SSRS scores, GSE scores and monthly income.

Conclusions

Most primary caregivers of elderly patients with spinal tumors have considerable caregiver burden. The intervention of social support and self-efficacy is helpful to reduce caregiver burden.