bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Factors of Postendoscopic Submucosal Dissection Electrocoagulation Syndrome and the Utility of Computed Tomography Scan after Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Yamaguchi Hayato , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Kawai Takashi , Matsumoto Taisuke , Suguro Maya , Uchida Kumiko , Koyama Yohei , Madarame Akira , Morise Takashi , Aoki Yuki , Sugimoto Akihiko , Yamauchi Yoshiya , Kono Shin , Watanabe Takafumi , Ota Yoshihiro , Tsuchida Akihiko , Itoi Takao
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims: Recently, postendoscopic submucosal dissection electrocoagulation syndrome (PEECS) has attracted attention. However, the criteria for computed tomography (CT) scanning following esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictive factors of PEECS and the usefulness of CT scanning after esophageal ESD. Methods: A total of 245 lesions in 223 patients who underwent esophageal ESD between February 2008 and October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with double cancers, those who experienced procedural accidents, such as aspiration pneumonitis or perforation, and those who were unable to undergo CT were excluded from the study. PEECS evaluation items included body temperature (≤37.7°C = 1 point, ≥37.8°C = 2 points), white blood cell count (<10,800/μL = 1 point, ≥10,800/μL = 2 points), and chest pain (numerical rating scale [NRS] ≤4 = 1 point, NRS ≥5 = 2 points). Scores of ≥5 points were categorized as the PEECS-positive group, and scores of ≤4 points were categorized as the PEECS-negative group. The degree of mediastinal emphysema on CT was stratified into 5 grades, in which grades 0 and 1 were considered as the “low-grade” group, and grades 2, 3, and 4 were considered as the “high-grade” group. We analyzed the prognostic factors of high-grade mediastinal emphysema, including the presence or absence of PEECS. Results: The PEECS-positive group comprised 18 out of the 163 patients (11.0%), and mediastinal emphysema was stratified into grades 0 (94), 1 (51), 2 (12), 3 (5), and 4 (1 patient). Three independent risk factors for the onset of PEECS were identified, as follows: resected area ≥750 mm2 (OR 7.28, 95% CI 1.42–37.33, p = 0.017), treatment duration ≥75 min (OR 10.26, 95% CI 1.20–87.77, p = 0.034), and muscle layer exposure (OR 10.92, 95% CI 2.22–53.74, p = 0.003). Two independent predictive factors of high-grade mediastinal emphysema were identified, which were PEECS positivity (OR 4.31, 95% CI 1.29–14.41, p = 0.018), and muscle layer exposure (OR 4.08, 95% CI 1.18–14.06, p = 0.026). Conclusions: A large resected area, prolonged treatment duration, and muscle layer exposure are risk factors for the onset of PEECS. Mediastinal emphysema was observed in 43% of patients following ESD. When marked clinical symptoms of PEECS appear, high-grade mediastinal emphysema may be observed, and therefore CT should be performed in these cases.
Attitudes and Knowledge Regarding Postmortem Cornea Donation among Young and Elderly People in Germany: Sufficient for Decision Making?
Authors: Mihailovic Nataša , Bartel Claudia C. , Rosenberger Friederike , Brücher Viktoria C. , Eter Nicole , Beyer Thomas , Schmidt Hartmut , Uhlig Constantin E.
Published: August 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward postmortem cornea donation in living young and elderly potential donors in a German city. Method: High-school students and seniors participated in a nonrandomized prospective survey focusing on willingness to donate corneas postmortem and factors that might influence underlying specific attitudes. Statistical analysis was descriptive and included logistic regression. Results: The survey showed that 73.3% of the high-school students and 41.6% of the seniors, 53.2% of whom had already signed an advanced medical directive, felt insufficiently informed about donation. High-school students were significantly less willing to donate their corneas postmortem (p < 0.001), and fewer of them possessed a donor card (p < 0.001). High-school students specified the internet as their favored source of information about donation in 82.7% of cases, while the family physician was the first preference for 47.8% of the seniors. Conclusions: The willingness to donate and the proportion of donor card ownership were significantly lower in the high-school students than among the seniors, corresponding to their respective knowledge in matters of donation. Young people should be systematically informed about cornea donation at school, as soon as they reach the legal minimum age for donation, and primary-care physicians should provide relevant information to every new patient to aid their decision making concerning postmortem cornea donation.
Monozygotic Twins with Birth-Weight Differences: Metabolic Health Influenced more by Genetics or by Environment?
Authors: Grunewald Mathias , Schulte Sandra , Bartmann Peter , Stoffel-Wagner Birgit , Fimmers Rolf , Woelfle Joachim , Gohlke Bettina
Published: August 2019

Background: Low birth-weight (bw), low birth-length (bl), unfavourable intrauterine conditions and post-natal catch-up growth can have an impact on growth and metabolic health later in life. Objective: We studied genetically identical twins with intra-twin bw-differences due to twin-twin transfusion syndrome from birth to adolescence and analysed the long-term impact of bw and catch-up growth on metabolic parameters. Subjects and Methods: Forty-three postpubertal monozygotic twin-pairs (mean age 17.4 years) were examined. Twenty-two pairs were discordant (intra-twin bw- and/or bl-difference ≥1 SDS) of which 12 (55%) experienced catch-up growth. Auxological parameters and blood pressure were measured, a fasting blood sample was collected and bio-impedance spectroscopy was carried out. Results: Irrespective of differences in birth parameters and postnatal catch-up growth, a significant intra-twin correlation was found for nearly all measured parameters of body composition (skinfold, waist-hip circumference, relative body fat/lean body mass) and metabolic health (total, and low-density lipoprotein-C/high-density lipoprotein-C, Apolipoprotein A and B, C-peptide). As an exception to this, and only for the former smaller twins who showed postnatal catch-up growth, a significantly higher fasting insulin level was found compared to that of the co-twins (mean insulin level: 8.4 vs. 5.7 µIU/mL; p < 0.01). Auxology remained different until adulthood: even in subjects with catch-up growth the former smaller twins were significantly lighter (mean-body mass index-SDS: –0.42 vs. 0.21; p < 0.05) and shorter (mean height-SDS: –0.07 vs. 0.37; p < 0.05) than their co-twins. Conclusion: In this special group of monozygotic twins with intra-twin bw-differences and catch-up growth, we found that the genetic background was a more important factor in determining later metabolic health than bw and/or catch-up growth.
Identification of Novel and Recurrent RMRP Variants in a Series of Brazilian Patients with Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: McKusick Syndrome
Authors: Gomes Maria E. , Calatrava Paternostro Luiza , Moura Valéria R. , Antunes Deborah , Caffarena Ernesto R. , Horovitz Dafne , Sanseverino Maria T. , Ferraz Leal Gabriela , Felix Têmis M. , Pontes Cavalcanti Denise , Clinton Llerena Jr. Juan , Gonzalez Sayonara
Published: August 2019

Cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome (CHH) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the RMRP gene and characterized by metaphyseal bone dysplasia associated with hypotrichosis, immunodeficiency, and predisposition to malignancy. However, the genotype-phenotype correlation in CHH is not well understood. Here, we report a single country cohort of 23 Brazilian patients with clinical and radiological features consistent with CHH. We found 23 different pathogenic variants in the RMRP gene - 12 novel and 11 previously described in the literature. Interestingly, the most frequent Finnish pathogenic variant related to CHH (g.71A>G) was not found in our cohort. In contrast, more than 50% of the patients carried the rare g.196C>T variant suggesting a possible founder effect in the Brazilian population. In silico analysis showed that pathogenic variants occurred either in the regions conserved in mammalian species or within essential domains for the ribonucleoprotein complex. Pathogenicity prediction studies can improve the understanding of how these variants affect RNA.
A Phase II Study of Cisplatin Plus Gemcitabine followed by Maintenance Gemcitabine for Advanced Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Kyoto Thoracic Oncology Research Group 1302
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Kaneda Toshihiko , Yokoyama Toshihide , Niwa Takashi , Sone Naoyuki , Ishida Tadashi , Morita Mitsunori , Tomioka Hiromi , Komaki Chihito , Hirabayashi Masataka , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Noguchi Tetsuo , Nakano Yasutaka , Sakaguchi Chikara , Yoshimura Kenichi , Hirai Toyohiro
Published: August 2019

Background: There has been no study so far on gemcitabine continuous maintenance therapy targeting only squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of cisplatin plus gemcitabine followed by maintenance gemcitabine for chemotherapy- naïve Japanese patients with advanced squamous NSCLC. Methods: The patients received 4 cycles of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) and cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day 1) every 3 weeks, followed by gemcitabine alone as maintenance therapy every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point of the study was progression-free survival (PFS) from the date of registration. Results: From May 2013 to October 2018, 26 patients were enrolled, and 25 patients received ≥1 cycle of planned treatment. Eighteen patients (69.2%) received 4 cycles of cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and 16 patients (61.5%) received ≥1 cycle of maintenance gemcitabine. The median PFS from the date of registration was 5.3 months (95% CI 2.9–7.3 months). In 16 patients who received ≥1 cycle of maintenance gemcitabine, the median PFS from the date of maintenance gemcitabine initiation was 3.8 months (95% CI 2.3–5.2 months). Their median overall survival from the date of registration was 11.9 months (95% CI 7.5–26.5 months). During the maintenance therapy, adverse events (AEs) were mostly Common Terminology Criteria for AE grade 1. Conclusions: While this trial did not meet the primary endpoint, the sufficient efficacy and feasibility of gemcitabine maintenance therapy were suggested.
Use of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women Attending Routine Cervical Cancer Screening in Harare
Authors: Marembo Takudzwa , Dube Mandishora Racheal , Borok Margaret
Published: August 2019

Background/Aims: In Zimbabwe, cervical cancer is screened through cytology and visual inspection with acetic acid and cervicography (VIAC). The effectiveness of these methods can be increased if complemented by a human papillomavirus DNA detection tool since most cervical cancer cases are caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes. Moreover, the possibility of multiple-genotype HR-HPV infections warrants the need for HPV detection tools with the capacity to detect both single and multiple infections. The aim of this study was to detect HR-HPV genotypes (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, and 58), using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in stored cervicovaginal swabs from both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women reporting for routine cervical cancer screening. Methodology: Stored cervicovaginal swabs from sexually active women who underwent VIAC at the Parirenyatwa Referral Hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe, between February and April 2015 and had received HIV counselling and testing were genotyped for the selected 10 HR-HPV genotypes using in-house multiplex PCR. The results from the multiplex PCR were compared to those previously obtained when the same samples were HPV genotyped with next-generation sequencing (NGS) on an MiSeq platform (Illumina; USA). Results: A total of 136 women were recruited and all 10 HR-HPV genotypes were detected. Quality control failed in 3 of the 136 swabs during the multiplex PCR reactions. The prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes in the study subjects was 53% (70/133). HIV-infected women were 1.67 times more likely to be infected with HR-HPV than were HIV-negative women (OR 1.67; p = 0.17). Of the 70 HR-HPV-positive cases, 37% (26/70) had multiple HR-HPV infections, and the majority of them were HIV infected. HIV-infected women were 1.86 times more likely to have multiple HR-HPV infections than HIV-negative women (OR 1.86; p = 0.20). Multiplex PCR and NGS had an almost perfect concordance rate in ­HR-HPV detection (κ = 0.960), with only 3 discordant cases (negative with NGS and positive for HPV16 with multiplex PCR). Conclusion: Multiplex PCR can detect HR-HPV genotypes that are common in Zimbabwe and could be used to detect HR-HPV genotypes from women attending cervical cancer screening programs at the Parirenyatwa VIAC clinic in Harare.
Decadência e atos sujeitos a registro:
Authors: Póvoa Hugo Mesquita
Published: August 2019

A jurisprudência, capitaneada pelo entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal, considera a natureza jurídica dos atos de aposentadoria, reforma e pensão como complexa. Com isso, além de ser prescindível a observância do contraditório e da ampla defesa quando da apreciação da legalidade de tais atos, não há que se falar em decadência antes do devido registro pela Corte de Contas, em virtude da competência elencada no inciso III do artigo 71 da CRFB. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo não só analisar criticamente a jurisprudência, mas principalmente como essa vem sendo aplicada pelos tribunais de contas, a partir da análise de decisões do TCU e do TCDF, tendo em vista os princípios da segurança jurídica e da proteção à confiança, corolários do Estado de Direito.
A judicialização de políticas públicas:
Authors: Bittencourt Gabriel
Published: August 2019

Buscou o presente trabalho analisar a possibilidade de controle judicial das políticas públicas, bem como os meios que poderiam ser utilizados pelos magistrados para, no caso concreto, verificar o descumprimento constitucional. Utilizou-se como hipótese preliminar a utilização da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade como meios de análise de violação a esses direitos, e, da mesma forma, como poderiam ser adotadas medidas para sanar a violação. Conclui-se que, em que pese haver fundamentos para o referido controle, o mesmo deve ocorrer na menor intensidade possível.
A batalha entre a regulação e a concorrência nos Estados Unidos da América
Authors: Fonseca Filipe Rocha da
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho investiga o surgimento do Estado Administrativo nos Estados Unidos da América, assim como os seus fundamentos históricos mais evidentes. Diante do consequente processo de agencificação e proliferação de normas regulatórias setoriais, alguns conflitos aparentes com as normas e atuações da autoridade antitruste acabam por surgir. Sistematizar quais foram as soluções adotadas pela Suprema Corte norte-americana nesses conflitos, detalhando as mais populares imunidades antitruste reconhecidas naquele sistema jurídico, se mostra como um possível instrumento para assegurar fidelidade na importação dos conceitos e institutos. Mais do que isso, a própria experiência norte-americana pode servir como um modelo para se investigar possíveis soluções para este processo, que também ocorre no cenário brasileiro.
A composição do Supremo Tribunal Federal:
Authors: Almeida Pedro Luiz Ferreira de
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo faz uma análise da separação das funções estatais e a forma como o direito positivo brasileiro dispõe sobre a composição do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A análise visa identificar problemas na indicação dos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal, de modo a propor soluções para os problemas identificados.
As agências reguladoras e a arbitragem:
Authors: Guerra Luis Roberto Sigaud Cordeiro
Published: August 2019

Um dos principais fatores de estímulo aos investidores a assumirem novos riscos, atraindo aporte de recursos necessários ao desenvolvimento dos setores regulados, consiste na possibilidade de se resolverem, com celeridade e eficácia, eventuais litígios decorrentes dessas atividades. O Poder Judiciário, imerso em demandas, não é atualmente capaz de oferecer a prestação jurisdicional no tempo necessário, sobretudo quando a questão envolve setores dinâmicos da economia, como aqueles regulados pelas agências. Esses litígios tratam invariavelmente de questões técnicas com alto grau de complexidade, e nem sempre o Judiciário reúne as características necessárias para resolvê-las adequadamente. Nesse contexto, a arbitragem instituída pela Lei nº 9.307/1996 apresenta-se como uma alternativa para a solução de litígios no âmbito do setor regulado. A arbitragem é, reconhecidamente, um dos meios mais eficientes para dirimir litígios complexos e com repercussões econômicas relevantes. O presente texto analisará a possibilidade de as agências reguladoras adotarem a arbitragem prevista na lei nº 9.307/1996 – instrumento reconhecidamente ágil, técnico e especializado – como método alternativo de resolução de litígios no ambiente regulado, buscando também definir os respectivos limites para a sua utilização nesse setor.
Língua e cultura pop japonesa no Brasil: resultados de uma pesquisa de campo em São Luís (MA) e Fortaleza (CE)
Authors: Sasaki Elisa Massae
Published: August 2019

This  article  will  present  fieldwork  on  Japanese  language  and  culture  in  Brazil, achieved in São Luís (MA) and Fortaleza (CE). It was part of a research study called “Japanese language  as  the  networking  ties”  which  aimed  to  elucidate  the  role  of  Japanese  language  as  “ties”, emphasizing how the Japanese language can contribute to forming communities outside of Japan. The research focused on the people of the group called “nihongo-jin” who reported, in the interview, their contact with Japanese pop culture and how it led them to study Japanese language.
Estudos de língua japonesa acadêmica: retratos a partir do Akademikku Japanîzu Jânaru (2009-2013)
Authors: Aragão Rodrigo Moura Lima de
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to describe the current state of research on academic Japanese. In order to do this, 28 texts published between 2009 and 2013 in the Japanese journal Akademikku Japanîzu Jânaru were analyzed. Using as input studies of management (BERTERO; KEINERT, 1994; among others), themes, methods, theoretical bases, methodological foundations, and sources within the texts were examined. As a result, five thematic groups concerning the academic Japanese language have been observed: Japanese writing, teaching and learning of Japanese, oral comprehension and expression in Japanese, citations and other aspects of the Japanese text, and other themes. The subjects, methods, theoretical bases, methodological foundations, and sources found in the five groups are diverse. Such variety suggests that research on academic Japanese is still an emerging field.
T2-Weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Hyperintensity on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Associated With Aggressive Symptoms in Patients With Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Patel Bhuvic , Chatterjee Arindam , Petr Ondra , Collins Heather , Lanzino Giuseppe , Derdeyn Colin P. , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Several angiographic factors of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are associated with aggressive presentation and poor natural history. We examined the association of magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2/FLAIR) hyperintensity with aggressive presentation.

Methods—

A cohort of dAVF patients from 2 centers was retrospectively examined. T2/FLAIR hyperintensity was determined by blinded, de-identified review and compared with angiographic grade and presenting symptoms.

Results—

T2/FLAIR hyperintensity was only identified in dAVF patients with cortical venous drainage (CVD). Among patients with CVD, those with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity were more likely to present with aggressive symptoms (20/23, 87.0%) than those without (6/21, 28.5%),
P
<0.001. All cured dAVFs with symptom resolution and available post-treatment imaging had resolution of T2/FLAIR hyperintensity.

Conclusions—

T2/FLAIR hyperintensity strongly correlates with aggressive presentation and CVD in dAVF patients, and may identify a subset that would benefit from early treatment.
Les citations de lettres de la chancellerie almohade dans les chroniques : rôle, place et fonction narrative
Authors: Ghouirgate Mehdi
Published: August 2019

Les lettres de chancellerie almohade qui nous ont été transmises l’ont été pour une partie à travers des chroniques rédigées entre la seconde moitié du VIe/XIIe siècle et la fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle. Or la recherche contemporaine n’a probablement qu’insuffisamment mis l’accent sur le fait qu’il existait de grandes différences entre les lettres citées dans les chroniques rédigées par des obligés des Almohades et les chroniques d’époque mérinide. En effet, les premières sont le plus souvent complètes et servent à scander le récit en constituant des chapitres entiers quand les sources d’époque ultérieure les citent avec parcimonie, quand toutefois elles les citent. Leurs statuts respectifs diffèrent : pour les sources pro-almohades le but poursuivi était de donner l’image d’un pouvoir toujours vainqueur en faisant usage pour mieux marquer les esprits d’un lexique partisan qui employait notamment du saǧʿ ; à cette fin, le pouvoir almohade mettait à contribution les intellectuels organiques du système, les ṭalaba, afin de lire en chaire, voire de traduire pour rendre intelligible ces lettres au plus grand nombre. En revanche, elles ne jouent dans les chroniques d’époque mérinide et nasride qu’un rôle subsidiaire, celui de document d’un passé à jamais révolu qui vient en appoint de la narration. À ce titre, elles étaient le plus souvent tronquées et ne pouvaient constituer des chapitres entiers.
La chancellerie almohade de Tinmāl : l’imām Ibn Tūmart et la formation de la structure de la lettre almohade (515/1121-524/1129)
Authors: Benelhaj Soulami Jaafar
Published: August 2019

Écrire l’histoire d’une dynastie, d’une institution, d’un phénomène ou d’une personne exige en premier lieu une consultation minutieuse des archives et l’étude de l’histoire des institutions qui produisaient systématiquement ces archives. L’histoire des chancelleries musulmanes du Moyen Âge, et surtout celle de la chancellerie de l’empire almohade, reste encore à faire, à refaire ou à compléter, malgré les précieux travaux effectués par Évariste Lévi-Provençal, Pascal Buresi et d’autres chercheurs, vu les publications consécutives et récentes du patrimoine almohade. Ces études se donnent exclusivement comme but l’étude de cette chancellerie qui gérait l’empire des Almohades à partir de l’an 541/1146, c’est-à-dire à partir de l’installation de cette chancellerie à la capitale de l’empire. Or, la fondation de cette chancellerie est beaucoup plus ancienne que l’empire. En effet, elle date des premiers jours de la déclaration de l’imamat du Mahdī Ibn Tūmart et de l’éclat de la révolution almohade en l’an 515/1121. Notre propos est de tracer l’histoire de cette chancellerie durant l’époque de la révolution almohade, c’est-à-dire durant son étape embryonnaire, afin de permettre aux chercheurs de pouvoir refaire minutieusement l’histoire de cette institution impériale médiévale depuis ses premières origines.
A worldwide review of the genus Arganthomyza Roháček, with revision of the Nearctic species (Diptera: Anthomyzidae)
Authors: ROHÁČEK JINDŘICH , BARBER KEVIN N.
Published: August 2019

World representatives of the genus Arganthomyza Roháček, 2009 (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) are reviewed, keyed and their relationships are discussed on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. The Nearctic species of Arganthomyza are revised, described and illustrated, and first data about their biology and distribution are given. Five new species, A. carbo sp. n. (Canada, USA), A. acuticuspis sp. n. (USA), A. bivittata sp. n. (Canada, USA), A. duplex sp. n. (Canada, USA) and A. disjuncta sp. n. (Canada, USA) are described and A. socculata (Zetterstedt, 1847) is newly recorded from the Nearctic Region (USA: Alaska). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, four main clades/species groups are recognized within Arganthomyza, represented by the following species: A. barbarista Roháček, 2009 (A. barbarista group); A. setiplanta (Roháček, 1987), A. versitheca Roháček, 2009 and A. carbo sp. n. (A. setiplanta group); A. acuticuspis sp. n., A. bivittata sp. n. and A. duplex sp. n. (A. duplex group); A. disjuncta sp. n. and A. socculata (Zetterstedt) (A. socculata group). Considering the contemporary distribution and relationships of Arganthomyza species, it is hypothesized that the A. barbarista group and A. setiplanta group originated in East Asia while the A. duplex group and the A. socculata group each has its origin in the Nearctic Region.
Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery reveals large COI intraspecific divergence in Australian Ixodidae
Authors: EVANS MEGAN L. , EGAN SIOBHON , IRWIN PETER J. , OSKAM CHARLOTTE L.
Published: August 2019

Ticks (Ixodida) are haematophagous arthropods that transmit a number of pathogenic organisms, including bacteria, protozoa and viruses, to humans and animals. Globally, there are over 900 species of ticks and Australia has 73 described species, including five introduced and 68 native species. With the exception of only a few Australian tick species, there are still many unanswered questions regarding their taxonomy and systematics, and the phylogeny of Australian ticks is not properly resolved. In recent years, a putative link between tick bites and poorly defined tick-borne illness(es) has been identified (Graves & Stenos 2017) and was the subject of a 2015 Australian Senate Inquiry into Lyme-like illnesses in Australia. There is an urgent need to further categorise Australian ticks, specifically hard ticks (Ixodidae), and accurate identification of Australian ticks is therefore of high importance.
Evolution of South Tropical Indian Ocean Warming and the Climatic Impacts Following Strong El Niño Events
Authors: Chen Zesheng , Du Yan , Wen Zhiping , Wu Renguang , Xie Shang-Ping
Published: August 2019

The south tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warms following a strong El Niño, affecting Indo-Pacific climate in early boreal summer. While much attention has been given to the southwest TIO where the mean thermocline is shallow, this study focuses on the subsequent warming in the southeast TIO, where the mean sea surface temperature (SST) is high and deep convection is strong in early summer. The southeast TIO warming induces an anomalous meridional circulation with descending (ascending) motion over the northeast (southeast) TIO. It further anchors a “C-shaped” surface wind anomaly pattern with easterlies (westerlies) in the northeast (southeast) TIO, causing a persistent northeast TIO warming via wind–evaporation–SST feedback. The southeast TIO warming lags the southwest TIO warming by about one season. Ocean wave dynamics play a key role in linking the southwest and southeast TIO warming. South of the equator, the El Niño–forced oceanic Rossby waves, which contribute to the southwest TIO warming, are reflected as eastward-propagating oceanic Kelvin waves along the equator on the western boundary. The Kelvin waves subsequently depress the thermocline and develop the southeast TIO warming.
The Response of the Ozone Layer to Quadrupled CO2 Concentrations: Implications for Climate
Authors: Chiodo Gabriel , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: August 2019

The quantification of the climate impacts exerted by stratospheric ozone changes in abrupt 4 × CO2 forcing experiments is an important step in assessing the role of the ozone layer in the climate system. Here, we build on our previous work on the change of the ozone layer under 4 × CO2 and examine the effects of ozone changes on the climate response to 4 × CO2, using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. We show that the global-mean radiative perturbation induced by the ozone changes under 4 × CO2 is small, due to nearly total cancellation between high and low latitudes, and between longwave and shortwave fluxes. Consistent with the small global-mean radiative perturbation, the effect of ozone changes on the global-mean surface temperature response to 4 × CO2 is negligible. However, changes in the ozone layer due to 4 × CO2 have a considerable impact on the tropospheric circulation. During boreal winter, we find significant ozone-induced tropospheric circulation responses in both hemispheres. In particular, ozone changes cause an equatorward shift of the North Atlantic jet, cooling over Eurasia, and drying over northern Europe. The ozone signals generally oppose the direct effects of increased CO2 levels and are robust across the range of ozone changes imposed in this study. Our results demonstrate that stratospheric ozone changes play a considerable role in shaping the atmospheric circulation response to CO2 forcing in both hemispheres and should be accounted for in climate sensitivity studies.
Stochastic Parameterization of Processes Leading to Convective Initiation in Kilometer-Scale Models
Authors: Hirt Mirjam , Rasp Stephan , Blahak Ulrich , Craig George C.
Published: August 2019

Kilometer-scale models allow for an explicit simulation of deep convective overturning but many subgrid processes that are crucial for convective initiation are still poorly represented. This leads to biases such as insufficient convection triggering and late peak of summertime convection. A physically based stochastic perturbation scheme (PSP) for subgrid processes has been proposed (Kober and Craig) that targets the coupling between subgrid turbulence and resolved convection. The first part of this study presents four modifications to this PSP scheme for subgrid turbulence: an autoregressive, continuously evolving random field; a limitation of the perturbations to the boundary layer that removes artificial convection at night; a mask that turns off perturbations in precipitating columns to retain coherent structures; and nondivergent wind perturbations that drastically increase the effectiveness of the vertical velocity perturbations. In a revised version, PSP2, the combined modifications retain the physically based coupling to the boundary layer scheme of the original scheme while removing undesirable side effects. This has the potential to improve predictions of convective initiation in kilometer-scale models while minimizing other biases. The second part of the study focuses on perturbations to account for convective initiation by subgrid orography. Here the mechanical lifting effect is modeled by introducing vertical and horizontal wind perturbations of an orographically induced gravity wave. The resulting perturbations lead to enhanced convective initiation over mountainous terrain. However, the total benefit of this scheme is unclear and we do not adopt the scheme in our revised configuration.
The Use of High-Resolution Sounding Data to Evaluate and Optimize Nonlocal PBL Schemes for Simulating the Slightly Stable Upper Convective Boundary Layer
Authors: Hu Xiao-Ming , Xue Ming , Li Xiaolan
Published: August 2019

Since the 1950s, a countergradient flux term has been added to some K-profile-based first-order PBL schemes, allowing them to simulate the slightly statically stable upper part of the convective boundary layer (CBL) observed in a limited number of aircraft soundings. There is, however, substantial uncertainty in inferring detailed CBL structure, particularly the level of neutral stability (zn), from such a limited number of soundings. In this study, composite profiles of potential temperature are derived from multiyear early afternoon radiosonde data over Beijing, China. The CBLs become slightly stable above zn ~ 0.31–0.33zi, where zi is the CBL depth. These composite profiles are used to evaluate two K-profile PBL schemes, the Yonsei University (YSU) and Shin–Hong (SH) schemes, and to optimize the latter through parameter calibration. In one-dimensional simulations using the WRF Model, YSU simulates a stable CBL above zn ~ 0.24zi, while default SH simulates a thick superadiabatic lower CBL with zn ~ 0.45zi. Experiments with the analytic solution of a K-profile PBL model show that adjusting the countergradient flux profile leads to significant changes in the thermal structure of CBL, informing the calibration of SH. The SH scheme replaces the countergradient heat flux term in its predecessor YSU scheme with a three-layer nonlocal heating profile, with fnl specifying the peak value and specifying the height of this peak value. Increasing fnl to 1.1 lowers zn, but to too low a value, while simultaneously increasing to 0.4 leads to a more appropriate zn ~ 0.36zi. The calibrated SH scheme performs better than YSU and default SH for real CBLs.
Observations of Near-Surface Vertical Wind Profiles and Vertical Momentum Fluxes from VORTEX-SE 2017: Comparisons to Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory
Authors: Markowski Paul M. , Lis Nathan T. , Turner David D. , Lee Temple R. , Buban Michael S.
Published: August 2019

Observations of near-surface vertical wind profiles and vertical momentum fluxes obtained from a Doppler lidar and instrumented towers deployed during VORTEX-SE in the spring of 2017 are analyzed. In particular, departures from the predictions of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) are documented on thunderstorm days, both in the warm air masses ahead of storms and within the cool outflow of storms, where MOST assumptions (e.g., horizontal homogeneity and a steady state) are least credible. In these regions, it is found that the nondimensional vertical wind shear near the surface commonly exceeds predictions by MOST. The departures from MOST have implications for the specification of the lower boundary condition in numerical simulations of convective storms. Documenting departures from MOST is a necessary first-step toward improving the lower boundary condition and parameterization of near-surface turbulence (“wall models”) in storm simulations.
Factors Associated With HSV PCR CSF Testing and Empiric Acyclovir Therapy in Young Febrile Infants
Authors: Swartz Sheila , Hadjiev Jennifer , Kolinski Julie , Chou Erica , Allen Katherine , Yan Ke , Havens Peter L.
Published: August 2019

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in infants is a devastating disease with an often subtle presentation. We examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HSV PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing and empiric acyclovir therapy in young febrile infants. Chart review identified hospitalized infants aged ≤60 days with fever ≥38°C who had undergone lumbar puncture. Previously published criteria were used to define patients at high risk for HSV. Primary outcomes were CSF HSV PCR testing and empiric acyclovir therapy. Of 536 febrile infants, 23% had HSV testing; empiric acyclovir was started in 15%. HSV testing and therapy were associated with younger age, seizure, maternal vaginal lesions, postnatal HSV contact, vesicles, poor tone, CSF pleocytosis, and enteroviral testing. Sixty-two percent of high-risk infants did not undergo HSV testing, and 75% did not receive acyclovir. High-risk infants were untested and untreated at relatively high rates. Evidence-based criteria to guide HSV testing and treatment are needed.
Evaluation of Amiodarone Use for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Critically Ill Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: Betthauser Kevin D. , Gibson Gabrielle A. , Piche Shannon L. , Pope Hannah E.
Published: August 2019

Objective: To describe the use of amiodarone in critically ill, septic shock patients experiencing new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) during the acute resuscitative phase of septic shock. Methods: Single-center, retrospective review of adult medical or surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with septic shock and NOAF. All patients received amiodarone for NOAF during the acute resuscitative phase of septic shock. The cohort was analyzed via descriptive statistics. Associations between amiodarone exposure and clinical outcomes were analyzed via a Cox proportional-hazards model. An a priori defined sensitivity analysis of hospital survivors was also employed. Main Results: A total of 239 patients were included in the analysis. Patients had a median baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index of 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2-6) and were acutely ill with a median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score of 18 (IQR: 13-22) and an incidence of mechanical ventilation of 85%. In-hospital mortality was 56% with median ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) of 9 and 15 days, respectively. Included patients received a median of 2760 (IQR: 1110-6415) mg of intravenous (IV) amiodarone during their ICU stay. Receipt of more than or equal to 2700 mg of amiodarone was identified as an independent factor associated with longer ICU LOS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-2.28). In a sensitivity analysis of hospital survivors (n = 105), receipt of more than or equal to 2700 mg of amiodarone remained independently associated with longer ICU LOS (HR: 1.64; 95% CI, 1.05-2.58). Conclusions: Exposure to more than or equal to 2700 mg of amiodarone in the setting of NOAF and septic shock is positively correlated with longer ICU LOS. Identifying opportunities to limit amiodarone exposure and address/resolve potential precipitating causes of NOAF in this clinical scenario may reduce the morbidity associated with septic shock.
Medical negligence and likely developments in Oman
Authors: Farrukh Affifa , Mayberry John F
Published: August 2019

Medical mistakes can never be eliminated but they can be minimised. From the world of aviation, it is clear that simulation training can have dramatic beneficial effects. Such training, however, is compulsory. In contrast, in the world of medicine there are few countries which have adopted a comparable approach. Unless continued medical registration is directly linked to satisfactory performance in simulated exercises and real events, it is unlikely that significant reductions will be achieved. This review will concentrate on the situation where mistakes and their mismanagement have direct and adverse consequences for patients. It will not be concerned with the recognised complications of procedures and treatments, with the exceptions of poor communication where patients have entered into treatments unaware of the associated risks.
Comedians’ Trait Level and Stage Personalities: Evidence for Goal-Directed Personality Adaptation
Authors: Irwing Paul , Cook Clare , Pollet Thomas V. , Hughes David J.
Published: August 2019

Recent findings have shown that both trait levels of personality and situational variability in its expression are of importance. So here, the Big Five personality traits of 77 professional and 125 amateur stand-up comedians were compared with two large matched samples ( N > 100,000). The comedians were also observed while performing, which enabled a comparison of their stage personalities with situational requirements on 10 selected NEO-PIR facets. Both amateurs and professionals showed higher openness-to-experience, extraversion, and lower conscientiousness than their norm samples, while professionals also evidenced greater neuroticism. Irrespective of trait standing, with regard to most NEO-PIR facets, professionals expressed the appropriate on-stage persona and were better able to regulate their personality to conform to situational requirements than amateurs. This is consistent with research showing that individuals regulate their personality to conform to situational and goal requirements, and adds the finding that successful comedians demonstrate enhanced adaptability compared with amateurs.
Bridging Methodological Divides Between Macro- and Microresearch: Endogeneity and Methods for Panel Data
Authors: Bliese Paul D. , Schepker Donald J. , Essman Spenser M. , Ployhart Robert E.
Published: August 2019

Both macro- and micro-oriented researchers frequently use panel data where the outcome of interest is measured repeated times. Panel data support at least five different modeling frameworks (within, between, incremental/emergent, cross-level, and growth). Researchers from macro- and micro-oriented domains tend to differentially use the frameworks and also use different analytic tools and terminology when using the same modeling framework. These differences have the potential to inhibit cross-discipline communication. In this review, we explore how macro- and microresearchers approach panel data with a specific emphasis on the theoretical implications of choosing one framework versus another. We illustrate how fixed-effects and random-effects models differ and how they are similar, and we conduct a thorough review of 142 articles that used panel data in leading management journals in 2017. Ultimately, our review identifies ways that researchers can better employ fixed- and random-effects models, model time as a meaningful predictor or ensure unobserved time heterogeneity is controlled, and align hypotheses to analytic choice. In the end, our goal is to help facilitate communication and theory development between macro- and micro-oriented management researchers.
From Interlanguage grammar to target grammar in L2 processing of definiteness as uniqueness
Authors: Ahn Hyunah
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the processing of English articles by second language (L2) speakers whose first language (L1) is Korean. Previous studies in L2 English article use had some issues unresolved such as using offline tasks, conflating definiteness with real-world knowledge, and operationalizing definiteness and relevant constructs in ways that participants can be primed or get metalinguistic cues. To revisit such issues, the construct ‘definiteness’ was operationalized as unique identifiability, a self-paced reading task was used to collect data, and regression models were employed to analyse logarithm residuals of raw reading time data, which can detect subtle differences that are otherwise buried. The results show that L1 speakers show sensitivity to the use of definite and indefinite articles in response to given contexts and that both advanced and intermediate L2 speakers first resort to their non-target-like Interlanguage grammar, but the advanced group later revises their initial interpretation and eventually shows the effect of target grammar. The L2 behavior is discussed in terms of its theoretical implications.
Effects of a robot intervention on visuospatial hemineglect in postacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karner Susanne , Stenner Hanna , Spate Melanie , Behrens Johann , Krakow Karsten
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of an intervention using the robot device PARO on visuospatial hemineglect and activities of daily living, and its acceptance during stroke rehabilitation. PARO is an interactive robotic toy with the appearance of a baby seal, which can move, produce sounds, and react to speech and touch.

Design:

A randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Hospital for neurorehabilitation.

Subjects:

Patients above 60 years old who have suffered their first stroke within the previous three months with left hemineglect ( n = 39).

Interventions:

The PARO group ( n = 21) was exposed to PARO over a period of two weeks, three times per week. The participants of the control group ( n = 18) were read to aloud.

Outcome measure:

Visuospatial hemineglect was measured by a cancellation test and a Line Bisection Test, and independence in the activities of daily living was assessed by Scores of Independence Index for Neurological and Geriatric Rehabilitation (SINGER) test. The acceptance of PARO was also evaluated. Data were collected blinded at three times: baseline (T0), after two weeks of interventions (T1), and after additional two weeks as follow-up (T2).

Results:

Improvement of hemineglect at T1 and T2 was significantly higher in the PARO group (T1: mean (SD) = 6.23 (3.81); T2: mean (SD) = 7.85 (3.68)) compared to the control group (T1: mean (SD) = 2.66 (4.19); T2: mean (SD) = 3.33 (4.16)) (T1: P < 0.05; T2: P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The study showed that the use of the PARO is well accepted and can help to improve neglect symptoms in patients with subacute stroke.
Davidic rule in the prophecy of Micah
Authors: Goswell Gregory
Published: August 2019

In the prophecy of Micah 5, the promised Davidide is depicted as a domestic ruler and not a conquering deliverer. The role of the Davidide as shepherd is stated but receives no elaboration, though by implication his chief task is to promote social justice. He is the divinely designated ruler of God’s people, but is not accorded the title ‘king’. With regard to the subjugation of the nations, Davidic prerogatives are democratized and transferred to the remnant. Although the Davidic ruler is the centrepiece of Micah’s picture of the final kingdom of God, he is not said to be responsible for the peace or deliverance to be enjoyed by God’s people. The result is that in the prophecy of Micah, Yhwh is the undisputed King and Deliverer.
Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char produced by low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of olive pruning residue using various absorbers
Authors: Bartoli Mattia , Rosi Luca , Giovannelli Alessio , Frediani Piero , Frediani Marco
Published: August 2019

Olive pruning residue is largely formed during cultivation, and is usually disposed through open-air combustion directly in the field, but this habit is a possible source of pollution. The pyrolytic conversion of olive pruning residue has been run in a new and very appealing way using microwave as a heating source and different microwave absorbers in a multimode batch reactor. In this way, olive residue is converted into interesting bio-chemical products with a short pyrolysis time, ranging from 15 to 36 min, and with a peak temperature ranging from 450 K to 705 K according to the different microwave absorber. Thus, a very efficient and selective system was realized, which was able to address the process towards the formation of a large amount of bio-char (up to 61.2%) or a high formation of bio-oil (56.2%) and gas (41.7%) with a very low formation of bio-char (2.1%). However, when carbon and iron were used as microwave absorbers, it was possible to obtain an intermediate amount of bio-char (26-30%) and bio-oil (40 wt%). Bio-oils were collected as dark-brown liquids with low viscosity and density. A bio-oil with a low water concentration was obtained using carbon or iron as the microwave absorber. The bio-oils formed in all experiments contained a very large amount of acetic acid, even when NaOH was the microwave absorber. Furthermore, a large amount of aromatics were present in the bio-oil obtained using carbon as the microwave absorber.
L’endossement par les célébrités : clarifications conceptuelles, synthèse critique et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Ambroise Laure , Albert Noël
Published: August 2019

Les synthèses sur l’endossement sont peu nombreuses alors qu’elles font face à une littérature prolifique et complexe. Notre article propose donc de compléter ces rares travaux en présentant une synthèse critique, prospective et novatrice des recherches sur l’endossement. Une première partie met à jour, notamment au regard des pratiques managériales actuelles, les concepts d’endossement et de célébrité. Le second axe se focalise sur les mécanismes d’efficacité de l’endossement. Leurs limites sont exposées et un cadre théorique intégrant les relations du consommateur à la marque et à la célébrité est proposé comme explication complémentaire aux effets de l’endossement. Enfin, le dernier axe élargit la vision traditionnelle des effets de l’endossement en étudiant ses conséquences pour la célébrité et le consommateur. La réflexion conduite tout au long de cet article espère contribuer à l’actualisation des connaissances et au renouvellement de la vision académique de l’endossement.