bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimento de Estudantes de Odontologia sobre o Câncer Bucal: uma revisão de escopo
Authors: Stormovski Larissa Moro , Mohr Karol Eduarda Bordignon , Dall Agnol Mauro Antonio , Kellermann Michele Gassen
Published: July 2023

Introdução: É indispensável que os cirurgiões-dentistas já durante sua graduação demonstrem habilidades e competências para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer bucal, contudo, isso nem sempre é observado. Objetivo: Mapear as evidências do conhecimento dos estudantes de Odontologia sobre o câncer bucal e sumarizar e divulgar as respectivas conclusões dos estudos já realizados e disponíveis nas bases de dados da literatura mundial. Metodologia: Revisão de escopo de literatura para responder à questão: “qual o conhecimento dos estudantes de odontologia sobre câncer bucal no contexto mundial?”, utilizando as bases LILACS, PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane Library, com os descritores: neoplasias bucais; câncer de boca; estudantes de odontologia; detecção precoce de câncer; diagnóstico precoce do câncer. Idiomas português e inglês. Resultados: A busca identificou 678 estudos, sendo 29 selecionados e incluídos na revisão. Na maioria dos estudos os estudantes demonstraram conhecimento insuficiente sobre o câncer bucal e seus fatores associados, mas ao mesmo tempo manifestaram interesse em aprender mais sobre o tema. O tabagismo foi associado corretamente como o fator etiológico mais importante para a doença, mas os demais fatores não foram claramente reconhecidos pelos estudantes. A maioria dos estudos sobre o tema foi realizada no continente asiático. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram conhecimento insuficiente dos estudantes de odontologia sobre a etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer bucal.
Bichectomia como técnica cirúrgica na harmonização orofacial
Authors: Rocha Renata Rangel , Suguihara Roberto Teruo , Muknicka Daniella Pilon
Published: July 2023

A excisão do coxim adiposo bucal, comumente conhecida como bichectomia, é oferecida na harmonização facial como um meio de obter um terço médio da face mais estético. Tal procedimento tem ganhado popularidade nos consultórios em busca de perfis faciais com as angularidades mais evidenciadas e esteticamente dentro de um equilíbrio harmonioso e menos arredondado. Torna-se valido ressaltar ao paciente a necessidade de esclarecer que muitas vezes o procedimento feito isoladamente não proporciona o ganho estético idealizado. E mais importante ainda lembra-lo que trata-se de um procedimento cirúrgico que envolve áreas nobres circundantes e, por conseguinte, possui seus riscos e possíveis complicações. Dessa forma, é objetivo dessa pesquisa, revisar narrativamente a literatura sobre a cirurgia de bichectomia para o rejuvenescimento na harmonização orofacial.
EXTRACTION-FREE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MELOXICAM USING BROMOTHYMOL BLUE
Authors: DONCHENKO Anastasiia , VASYUK Svitlana , NAHORNA Nataliia
Published: July 2023

Objective: The purpose of the present work was to develop and validate a fast, simple and sensitive extraction-free spectrophotometric technique for the quantitative determination of meloxicam based on the reaction with bromothymol blue.
Material and Method: The reference standard of meloxicam, bromothymol blue and finished dosage forms of meloxicam were used in the study. Absorption measurements were performed on the Analytic Jena UV-visible spectrophotometer model Specord 200.
Result and Discussion: The developed method is based on the formation of the colored reaction product between meloxicam and bromothymol blue in acetone medium with absorption maximum at 348 nm. The method meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for such validation characteristics as specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and range of application. The obedience to Beer's law is observed in the range of meloxicam concentrations 0.80-2.40 mg/100 ml, the correlation coefficient is 0.9998. The range of application of the method is 60-140%.
PENGARUH THIN CAPITALIZATION, INTENSITAS PERSEDIAAN, DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Damsut Veronica Santica , Shanti Shanti ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari Thin Capitalization, Intensitas Persediaan, dan Likuiditas terhadap Tax Avoidance. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor dasar dan kimia dan sektor barang dan konsumsi yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019-2021. Berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan, jumlah sampel yang diperoleh adalah 47 perusahaan. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif, model persamaan linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh, Thin Capitalization dan Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap Tax Avoidance. Sedangkan Intensitas Persediaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap Tax Avoidance.
Spatial patterns of within-stock connectivity provide novel insights for fisheries management
Authors: Allgayer RL , Fernandes PG , Travis JMJ , Wright PJ
Published: July 2023

While concepts of connectivity are increasingly used in determining locations for marine protected areas, they are much less applied in the management of fish stocks, which are assumed to be well-mixed populations. However, due to seascape structure and often asymmetrical dispersal, the stocks of many species are unlikely to be well mixed and there is potential to enhance management by utilising emerging ecological modelling approaches that incorporate functional connectivity. Here, we apply a new model, MerMADE, that couples biophysical modelling of dispersal with spatial population demography, to predict within-stock patterns of connectivity of sandeels in the North Sea. By deriving origin- and destination-centrality measures, we highlight a set of key origin sites within the area occupied by the stock that contribute immigrants to many other sites and also identify patches that are particularly isolated, unlikely to receive immigrants from elsewhere. We show that the connectivity characteristics of the stock have a strong impact on how rapidly it recovers following a major harvesting event that leads to a patch depletion. Furthermore, the recovery of a local population will depend on the demographic status of the sites from which it can obtain immigrants. Thus, sites that provide strong out-centrality (especially if they themselves have weak in-centrality) and sites that are especially isolated should be harvested less heavily. To reduce the potential for local or regional stock collapse, models incorporating both biophysical dispersal and local demography are needed to support spatially explicit management of commercial marine species.
Research into Modern History of Sculptural Plastic Art and its Contemporary Development
Authors:   Lviv National Academy of Arts, Malanchuk-Rybak Oksana
Published: July 2023

Holubets, O. (2020). Magia tretjogo vymiru. Skuljpturna plastyka kintsia ХІХ — pochakku ХХІ stolittia [Magic of third dimensions. Sculpture at the end of ХІХ — beginning of ХХІ centuries] [Monograph]. Lviv: Color PRO. [In Ukrainian].
‘What about Us?’ The Rise and Rise of English Nationalism?
Authors: McCrone David
Published: July 2023

Much has been made of the rise of English nationalism, reflected in the strong association of ‘being English’ and voting Leave in the Brexit referendum in 2016. This article examines recent books on Englishness, arguing that this is a complex and nuanced matter embedded in accreted myths. If there is a thoroughgoing ‘nationalism’ emerging in England, it requires not only significant and long-lasting shifts in national identity, but a conception of ‘England’ as an imagined community which is robust and relevant to modern social and cultural life. Furthermore, it requires a nationalism which is part of wider and ongoing political project, rather than a short-term political expedient such as Conservative mobilisation post-Brexit. The article argues that an older debate in the 1960s and 1970s, between Tom Nairn and E.P. Thompson sheds significant light on the origins and nature of Englishness, such that it has progressive rather than reactionary potential.
David Hume – An Apologia
Authors: Hutton Peter , Ashton David
Published: July 2023

In September 2020, ‘The David Hume Tower’ in Edinburgh was renamed ‘40 George Square’ because Edinburgh University had concluded that the philosopher, historian and essayist, David Hume, was guilty of holding racist views. There were also public allegations of his support for slavery. The supposed evidence comes from a letter he wrote to Lord Hertford in March 1766; an assumed loan to a slave plantation investor; a letter he received in June 1766 from the Marquis d’Ennery and a footnote added to his essay Of National Characters in 1753. In this essay we review the events in Edinburgh prior to the renaming of the tower and re-examine some of the documentary evidence used to support current attacks on Hume’s moral character. Each of the charges of supporting slavery and being a racist is examined, both in the context of Hume’s writings as a whole and in relation to modern definitions of racism. Our conclusion is that Hume is innocent of both accusations, and that he has been unjustly vilified.
التعليم المنزلي للأطفال في السياقات ذات الدخل المتدني خلال جائحة: تحليل لنتائج استبيان عام 2020 من سوريا وجمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية
Authors: Corcoran Su Lyn , Pinnock Helen , Twigg Rachel
Published: July 2023

أدت إغلاقات المدارس بسبب جائحة كوفيد-19، واحتياج الملايين من المتعلمين إلى الدراسة في المنزل ضغوطًا إضافية على أولياء الأمور ومقدمي الرعاية الذين وجدوا أنفسهم فجأة مسؤولين عن تعليم أولادهم في ظل قدر محدود من الموارد أو الدعم. عندما أُغلِقَت المدارس أخذ سيل جارف من مواد وأنشطة التعليم المنزلي يُتداوَل عبر الإنترنت، لكن القليل من هذه الحلول التعليمية كان يركز على احتياجات التعليم المنزلي لدى الطلاب من ذوي الإعاقة في السياقات ذات الدخل المتدني، التي نادرًا ما يُعَد فيها التعليم من خلال الإنترنت بديلاً مطروحًا. من جانبها وضعت شبكة تمكين التعليم والجمعية النرويجية للمعاقين مواد استرشادية لجميع الدارسين من شأنها تشجيع أنشطة تعليمية مناسبة وقابلة للتنفيذ و ومنخفضة الضغط في هيئة أشكال بصرية تسهل قراءتها، وقد أصبحت هذه المواد متاحة الآن في أشكال مطبوعة وإلكترونية. تم إثراء هذه المواد من خلال استبيان جري من خلال الإنترنت رسم صورة لمدى توافر دعم التعليم المنزلي وموارده، وسجل منظور الوالدين والأسَر والمختصين بالتعليم لأوضاع الدارسين في 27 بلدًا خلال الأشهر التي سبقت يوليو 2020 مباشرة. نركز في الورقة البحثية الماثلة على إجابات الاستبيان من جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية وشمال سوريا التي تصف الإمكانات المتاحة لتقديم تعليم منزلي جامع يشمل الجميع. قمنا بمقارنة هذه النتائج بالإجابات التي حصلنا عليها من بلدانٍ أخرى، وحددنا أربعة مجالات مهمة للتعلم تُبرز أهمية المناهج المُوطَّنَة في تحقيق تعليم جامع يشمل الجميع، والاستفادة من شبكات المجتمع، ووضع المعلمين وأولياء الأمور كموارد مجتمعية مهمة للتعليم في حالات الطوارئ.
Sharing Weal and Woe: A Commentary on “Gasdermin E Regulates the Stability and Activation of EGFR in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells”
Authors: Xu Limei , Liu Xiangguo
Published: July 2023

Abnormal activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes the development of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (NSCLC). Chemoresistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which is elicited by EGFR mutations, is a key challenge for NSCLC treatment. In the present study, we demonstrate a critical role of gasdermin E (GSDME), an important protein for pyroptosis, in the maintenance of EGFR stability and activation. We found that GSDME depletion suppressed the EGFR-mediated proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro. GSDME knockdown downregulated the protein level of CCND1 and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, both GSDME-FL and GSDME-N fragment physically interacted with EGFR. GSDME interacted with cytoplasmic fragment (CT) of EGFR. GSDME knockdown inhibited EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation at tyrosine 1173 (EGFRY1173), which could activate ERK1/2. GSDME knockdown promoted EGFR degradation and phosphorylation at tyrosine 1045 (EGFRY1045). Importantly, GSDME-FL increased the stability of EGFR, while the GSDME-N fragment induced EGFR degradation. Together, our results demonstrate that the GSDME-EGFR interaction plays an important role in NSCLC development, reveal a previously unrecognized link between GSDME and EGFR stability and offer new insight into cancer pathogenesis.
Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Pelaksanaan Senam Hamil
Authors: Hakiki Miftahul , Widiyastuti Nurul Eko
Published: July 2023

Pengetahuan yaitu hasil dari tahu, dimana hasil dari orang yang telah melaksanakan evaluasi terhadap obyek tertentu. Senam hamil merupakan bentuk dari edukasi yang bertujuan untuk mempertahankan elastis otot perut, ligament atau otot dasar panggul yang nantinya akan mempengaruhi prosedur persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pelaksanaan senam hamil. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi yang diambil adalah semua ibu hamil. Sampel yang diambil sejumlah 45 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis menggunakan Uji Chi Square. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai Asymp Sig. (2-sided) 0,936 sehingga bisa dikategorikan terdapat korelasi sangat kuat. Semakin tinggi skor pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai senam hamil, maka dapat berakibat semakin tinggi juga skor pelaksanaan senam hamil, yang mempengaruhi rutinitas ibu hamil dalam melaksanakan senam hamil. Kesimpulan adanya hubungan korelasi sangat kuat antara pengetahuan ibu hamil terhadap pelaksanaan senam hamil, kondisi yang ada dilapangan sudah banyak ibu hamil yang melaksanakan senam hamil. Dapat disarankan kepada ibu hamil untuk tetap melaksanakan senam hamil selama kehamilan sehingga dapat mempersiapkan dirinya dalam menghadapi proses persalinannya. Dan untuk petugas kesehatan diharapkan sering melakukan penyuluhan terkait senam hamil atau masalah kesehatan kepada ibu hamil, sehingga pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang senam hamil atau tentang kesehatan bisa meningkat.
Efektivitas Terapi Relaksasi Benson Terhadap Kecemasan Lansia dengan Hipertensi
Authors: Dekawaty Ayu , Yelisni Inne
Published: July 2023

Lansia merupakan individu berusia diatas 60 tahun yang mengalami berbagai perubahan biologis dan psikologis. Peningkatan jumlah lansia memberi berbagai tantangan pada berbagai aspek kehidupan dan kesehatan, seperti munculnya berbagai penyakit genetik. Penurunan fungsi organ tubuh ditandai semakin rentannya tubuh dengan berbagai penyakit, salah satunya hipertensi menimbulkan permasalahan mental emosional seperti kecemasan. Terapi Relaksasi Benson adalah salah satu intervensi nonfamakologi yang dapat diberikan untuk mengatasi kecemasan, yang terdiri atas empat komponen dasar yaitu suasana yang tenang, perangkat mental, sikap pasif, serta posisi nyaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Terapi Relaksasi Benson terhadap kecemasan lansia dengan hipertensi di Panti Lansia Harapan Kita. Penelitian dilakukan dengan design quasi experiment. Pemilihan Sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling, sebanyak 18 respoden. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t-test didapatkan hasil p value 0,000, yang artinya terdapat pengaruh pemberian terapi relaksasi benson terhadap kecemasan lansia dengan hipertensi sebelum dan setelah diberikan terapi. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sumber rujukan untuk perawat dalam memberikan intervensi pada lansia dengan hipertensi yang mengalami kecemasan.
Recognition of H2AK119ub plays an important role in RSF1-regulated early Xenopus development
Authors: Parast Saeid Mohammad , Yu Deli , Chen Chunxu , Dickinson Amanda J. , Chang Chenbei , Wang Hengbin
Published: July 2023

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key regulators of gene expression and developmental programs via covalent modification of histones, but the factors that interpret histone modification marks to regulate embryogenesis are less studied. We previously identified Remodeling and Spacing Factor 1 (RSF1) as a reader of histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub), the histone mark deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1). In the current study, we used Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate how RSF1 affects early embryonic development and whether recognition of H2AK119ub is important for the function of RSF1. We showed that knockdown of Xenopus RSF1, rsf1, not only induced gastrulation defects as reported previously, but specific targeted knockdown in prospective neural precursors induced neural and neural crest defects, with reductions of marker genes. In addition, similar to knockdown of PRC1 components in Xenopus, the anterior-posterior neural patterning was affected in rsf1 knockdown embryos. Binding of H2AK119ub appeared to be crucial for rsf1 function, as a construct with deletion of the UAB domain, which is required for RSF1 to recognize the H2AK119ub nucleosomes, failed to rescue rsf1 morphant embryos and was less effective in interfering with early Xenopus development when ectopically expressed. Furthermore, ectopic deposition of H2AK119ub on the Smad2 target gene gsc using a ring1a-smad2 fusion protein led to ectopic recruitment of RSF1. The fusion protein was inefficient in inducing mesodermal markers in the animal region or a secondary axis when expressed in the ventral tissues. Taken together, our results reveal that rsf1 modulates similar developmental processes in early Xenopus embryos as components of PRC1 do, and that RSF1 acts at least partially through binding to the H2AK119ub mark via the UAB domain during development.
Novel diagnostic markers for periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review
Authors: Schindler Melanie , Walter Nike , Maderbacher Guenther , Sigmund Irene K. , Alt Volker , Rupp Markus
Published: July 2023

Background

Identifying novel biomarkers that are both specific and sensitive to periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and ultimately enhance patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases from January 1, 2018, to September 30, 2022, using the search terms “periprosthetic joint infection,” “prosthetic joint infection,” or “periprosthetic infection” as the diagnosis of interest and the target index, combined with the term “marker.” We excluded articles that mentioned established biomarkers such as CRP, ESR, Interleukin 6, Alpha defensin, PCT (procalcitonin), and LC (leucocyte cell count). We used the MSIS, ICM, or EBJS criteria for PJI as the reference standard during quality assessment.

Results

We collected 19 studies that analyzed fourteen different novel biomarkers. Proteins were the most commonly analyzed biomarkers (nine studies), followed by molecules (three studies), exosomes (two studies), DNA (two studies), interleukins (one study), and lysosomes (one study). Calprotectin was a frequently analyzed and promising marker. In the scenario where the threshold was set at ≥50-mg/mL, the calprotectin point-of-care (POC) performance showed a high sensitivity of 98.1% and a specificity of 95.7%.

Conclusion

None of the analyzed biomarkers demonstrated outstanding performance compared to the established parameters used for standardized treatment based on established PJI definitions. Further studies are needed to determine the benefit and usefulness of implementing new biomarkers in diagnostic PJI settings.
Biocultural salient birds: which biological and cultural factors define them?
Authors: Ortega-Álvarez Rubén , Casas Alejandro
Published: July 2023

People’s interests and needs, as well as biological characteristics of species, determine human perception and interaction with biodiversity. Thus, both cultural and biological factors should be considered to understand biocultural salient species. We studied the cultural and biological traits that influence bird salience for an indigenous community in Mexico. Firstly, we used bird lists mentioned by local people to compute salient indexes for species. Then, we constructed seven cultural association categories to represent the local significance of birds (recreation, beliefs, environment, food, crop damage, economy, pets) and compiled biological information about species (color, size, vocal activity, detectability, abundance, daily activity pattern, habitat, residence status, taxonomic family). Finally, we determined the relations of cultural associations and biological traits with bird salience using hierarchical clusters. We observed a strong link between salient birds and human feeding, as these animals were locally recognized as food and threat to crops. Salient and non-salient birds were differentiated by their residence status and vocal activity, as local awareness was greater towards year-round resident and vocal species. Salience related the most with abundance, followed by color and detectability. Our study provides a route to identify cultural and biological factors influencing biocultural salience, which might prove useful for establishing conservation initiatives, public policies, and environmental education actions.
Human fitting of pediatric and infant continuous-flow total artificial heart: visual and virtual assessment
Authors: Miyagi Chihiro , Ahmad Munir , Karimov Jamshid H. , Polakowski Anthony R. , Karamlou Tara , Yaman Malek , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Najm Hani K.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aimed to determine the fit of two small-sized (pediatric and infant) continuous-flow total artificial heart pumps (CFTAHs) in congenital heart surgery patients.

Methods

This study was approved by Cleveland Clinic Institutional Review Board. Pediatric cardiac surgery patients (n = 40) were evaluated for anatomical and virtual device fitting (3D-printed models of pediatric [P-CFTAH] and infant [I-CFTAH] models). The virtual sub-study consisted of analysis of preoperative thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (n = 3; 4.2, 5.3, and 10.2 kg) imaging data.

Results

P-CFTAH pump fit in 21 out of 40 patients (fit group, 52.5%) but did not fit in 19 patients (non-fit group, 47.5%). I-CFTAH pump fit all of the 33 patients evaluated. There were critical differences due to dimensional variation (p < 0.0001) for the P-CFTAH, such as body weight (BW), height (Ht), and body surface area (BSA). The cutoff values were: BW: 5.71 kg, Ht: 59.0 cm, BSA: 0.31 m2. These cutoff values were additionally confirmed to be optimal by CT imaging.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the range of proper fit for the P-CFTAH and I-CFTAH in congenital heart disease patients. These data suggest the feasibility of both devices for fit in the small-patient population.
Antihistamines improve cardiovascular manifestations and other symptoms of long-COVID attributed to mast cell activation
Authors: Salvucci Fabrizio , Codella Roberto , Coppola Adriana , Zacchei Irene , Grassi Gabriella , Anti Maria Luisa , Nitisoara Nicolita , Luzi Livio , Gazzaruso Carmine
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Long-COVID is a broadly defined condition and there are no effective therapies. Cardiovascular manifestations of long-COVID include high heart rate, postural tachycardia, and palpitations. Previous studies have suggested that mast cell activation (MCA) may play a role in the pathophysiology of long-COVID, including in the mechanisms of its cardiovascular manifestations. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment with blockers of histamine receptors in patients with long-COVID who did not respond to other therapies.

Methods

In all, 14 patients (F/M = 9/5; 49.5 ± 11.5 years) and 13 controls (F/M = 8/5; 47.3 ± 8.0 years) with long-COVID symptoms attributed to MCA were evaluated. Patients were treated with fexofenadine (180 mg/day) and famotidine (40 mg/day). Fatigue, brain fog, abdominal disorders, and increased heart rate were evaluated in treated and untreated patients at baseline and 20 days later.

Results

Long-COVID symptoms disappeared completely in 29% of treated patients. There was a significant improvement in each of the considered symptoms (improved or disappeared) in all treated patients, and the improvement grade was significantly greater in treated patients compared to controls. No significant differences in the outcomes were observed in the controls.

Conclusions

Our data confirm that histamine receptors blockade may be an effective target to successfully treat long-COVID. Our finding supports the underlying role of MCA in the pathophysiology of long-COVID.
Did changes in terrigenous components of deep-sea cherts across the end-Triassic extinction relate to Central Atlantic magmatic province volcanism?
Authors: Ikeda Masayuki , Cho Tenichi , Bôle Maximilien
Published: July 2023

The end-Triassic mass extinction event (ETE) is considered to be linked with the emplacement of the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP), yet their temporal relation and underlying nature of global environmental and biotic changes remain controversial. A drastic radiolarian faunal turnover was associated with deep-sea acidification and changes in the chemical composition of pelagic terrigenous components, which were interpreted as the results of increased CAMP-derived materials, such as Fe2O3/Al2O3, MgO/Al2O3, and SiO2/Al2O3, without statistical tests. Here, we re-examined these CAMP-like signatures in terms of changes in the chemical composition of the Triassic–Jurassic pelagic deep-sea chert succession in Japan. Our newly compiled dataset suggests that changes in Fe2O3/Al2O3 and MgO/Al2O3 across the ETE were not significant, and thus, they may not be appropriate proxies for CAMP-derived material, potentially due to the dissolution of iron by ocean acidification and the formation of chlorite during diagenesis, respectively. Decreased SiO2/Al2O3 was also considered to have been reflected in increased CAMP-related dust flux and/or decreased biosiliceous productivity, but a slight increase in the Al2O3/TiO2 ratio (a biosiliceous productivity proxy) and an increase in shale bed thickness (dust flux proxy) across the radiolarian ETE imply increased eolian dust flux rather than decreased productivity. Furthermore, statistically significant Na enrichment at the radiolarian ETE level might be related to CAMP volcanism and/or associated changes in the source areas of eolian dust.
Challenges and opportunities in score reporting: a panel of personal perspectives
Authors: Brown Gavin T. L. , Kannan Priya , Sinharay Sandip , Zapata-Rivera Diego , Zenisky April L.
Published: July 2023

The field of score reporting continues to evolve because of new challenges, opportunities, and needs of society (e.g., COVID, remote teaching and learning). In this paper, the new challenges and opportunities in score reporting are discussed from the personal perspective of four experts who have previously conducted research in designing score reports in education. Comments are organized around four key questions concerning challenges raised by the Covid pandemic, how research will change, what current research is being conducted, and new directions in the field of score reporting.
Estimation of key potentially toxic elements in arid agricultural soils using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with variable selection and PLSR algorithms
Authors: Nawar Said , Mohamed Elsayed Said , Essam-Eldeen Sayed Safa , Mohamed Wagih S. , Rebouh Nazih Y. , Hammam Amr A.
Published: July 2023

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pose a significant threat to soil and the environment. Therefore, the fast quantification of PTEs is crucial for better management of contaminated sites. Versatile technique such as Visible near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis–NIRS) (350–2,500 nm) has attracted tremendous attention for assessing PTEs and has achieved promising results combined with successful multivariate analysis. This research investigated the potential of Vis–NIRS combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and variable selection methods to assess key PTEs (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn) in agricultural soils under arid conditions. The soil samples (80) were collected from a polluted area around Al-Moheet drainage, Minya Governorate–upper Egypt. The samples were scanned using an ASD FieldSpec-4 spectroradiometer. Simulated annealing (SA) and uninformative variable elimination (UVE) were used to select the effective wavelengths in predicting PTEs. PLSR was used to develop the spectral models using the full range (FR-PLS) and feature-selected spectra techniques SA (SA-PLS) and UVE (UVE-PLS). The results indicated that UVE-PLS models performed better than FR-PLS and SA-PLS models in predicting the key PTEs. The obtained coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were 0.74 and 2.48 (Cr), 0.72 and 2.03 (Pb), 0.62 and 1.86 (Cd), 0.59 and 1.78 (Cu), 0.52 and 1.68 (Co), and 0.46 and 1.41 (Zn), respectively. The results suggested that the UVE-PLS spectral model is promising for predicting Cr, Pb, and Cd, and can be improved for predicting Cu, Co, and Zn elements in agricultural soils.
Combined approaches for increasing fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and de novo production of adult hemoglobin (HbA) in erythroid cells from β-thalassemia patients: treatment with HbF inducers and CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing
Authors: Finotti Alessia , Gambari Roberto
Published: July 2023

Genome editing (GE) is one of the most efficient and useful molecular approaches to correct the effects of gene mutations in hereditary monogenetic diseases, including β-thalassemia. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has been proposed for effective correction of the β-thalassemia mutation, obtaining high-level “de novo” production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). In addition to the correction of the primary gene mutations causing β-thalassemia, several reports demonstrate that gene editing can be employed to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF), obtaining important clinical benefits in treated β-thalassemia patients. This important objective can be achieved through CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of genes encoding transcriptional repressors of γ-globin gene expression (such as BCL11A, SOX6, KLF-1) or their binding sites in the HBG promoter, mimicking non-deletional and deletional HPFH mutations. These two approaches (β-globin gene correction and genome editing of the genes encoding repressors of γ-globin gene transcription) can be, at least in theory, combined. However, since multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing is associated with documented evidence concerning possible genotoxicity, this review is focused on the possibility to combine pharmacologically-mediated HbF induction protocols with the “de novo” production of HbA using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
Case report: atypical Silver-Russell syndrome patient with hand dystonia: the valuable support of the consensus statement to the wide syndromic spectrum
Authors: Vimercati Alessandro , Tannorella Pierpaola , Orlandini Eleonora , Calzari Luciano , Moro Mirella , Guzzetti Sara , Selicorni Angelo , Crippa Milena , Larizza Lidia , Bonati Maria Teresa , Russo Silvia
Published: July 2023

The amount of Insulin Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) controls the rate of embryonal and postnatal growth. The IGF2 and adjacent H19 are the imprinted genes of the telomeric cluster in the 11p15 chromosomal region regulated by differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or imprinting centers (ICs): H19/IGF2:IG-DMR (IC1). Dysregulation due to IC1 Loss-of-Methylation (LoM) or Gain-of-Methyaltion (GoM) causes Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) or Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) disorders associated with growth retardation or overgrowth, respectively. Specific features define each of the two syndromes, but isolated asymmetry is a common cardinal feature, which is considered sufficient for a diagnosis in the BWS spectrum. Here, we report the case of a girl with right body asymmetry, which suggested BWS spectrum. Later, BWS/SRS molecular analysis identified IC1_LoM revealing the discrepant diagnosis of SRS. A clinical re-evaluation identified a relative macrocephaly and previously unidentified growth rate at lower limits of normal at birth, feeding difficulties, and asymmetry. Interestingly, and never previously described in IC1_LoM SRS patients, since the age of 16, she has developed hand-writer’s cramps, depression, and bipolar disorder. Trio-WES identified a VPS16 heterozygous variant [NM_022575.4:c.2185C>G:p.Leu729Val] inherited from her healthy mother. VPS16 is involved in the endolysosomal system, and its dysregulation is linked to autosomal dominant dystonia with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. IGF2 involvement in the lysosomal pathway led us to speculate that the neurological phenotype of the proband might be triggered by the concurrent IGF2 deficit and VPS16 alteration.
Case report: A case report of Alport syndrome caused by a novel mutation of COL4A5
Authors: Pan Shujun , Yu Rizhen , Liang Shikai
Published: July 2023

Alport syndrome (#308940) is an X-linked genetic disease with clinical manifestations, such as hematuria, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and end-stage renal disease. The disease is characterized by the thinning of the glomerular basement membrane in the early stages and the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane in the late stages and may be associated with ocular lesions and varying degrees of sensorineural deafness. Herein, we report a case of Alport syndrome caused by a de novo mutation in COL4A5. The patient was a young male with clinical manifestations of hematuria and massive proteinuria who was diagnosed with Alport syndrome based on renal pathology and genetic testing.
Dietary artemisinin boosts intestinal immunity and healthy in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii)
Authors: Gu Yixin , Wang Wenjie , Zhan Yu , Wei Xiaoyan , Shi Yanyan , Cui Dandan , Peng Tingting , Han Jian , Li Xuejie , Chen Yan , Xue Zhuang , Wang Wei
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Artemisinin (ART) is very common as a diet additive due to its immunoregulatory activities. Nonetheless, the immunoregulatory mechanism of ART in marine fish remains unknown. This study comprehensively examined the effects and explored the potential mechanism of ART ameliorating intestinal immune disease (IID) in fat greenlings (Hexagrammos otakii).

Methods and results

The targets of ART were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Here, eight putative targets of ART were collected and identified with the Uniprot database, and 1419 IID-associated target proteins were filtered through the Drugbank, Genecards, OMIM, and PHARMGKB Databases. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways point out that ART may have immunoprotective effects by regulating cellular responses to stress, hypoxia, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. The findings of molecular docking indicated that ART contains one active ingredient and three cross-targets, which showed a kind combination with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a), transcription factor p65 (RELA), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), respectively. Furthermore, an ART feeding model was established to assess the ART’s immunoprotect effect on the intestine of H.otakii in vivo. The D48 group showed smaller intestinal structural changes after being challenged by Edwardsiella tarda. The supplementation of ART to the diet improved total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) in intestine of H. otakii. The expression of transcription factor p65, HIF1-α, VEGF-A, cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased after dietary ART in the intestinal of H. otakii.

Discussion

The present results demonstrated that dietary ART improved antioxidants and immunity, optimized the intestinal structure, and increased resistance to E. tarda through the SOD2/nuclear-factor-kappa- B (NFkB)/HIF1-a/VEGF-A pathway in the intestinal tract of H.otakii. This study integrated pharmacological analysis and experimental validation and revealed the mechanism of ART on IID, which provides insight into the improvement of IID in H. otakii.
Exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis: a focus on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Wei Xin
Published: July 2023

Exosomes are membrane-bound tiny particles that are released by all live cells that contain multiple signal molecules and extensively participate in numerous normal physical activities and pathologies. In glaucoma, the crucial role of exosome-based crosstalk has been primarily revealed in animal models and ex vivo cell studies in the recent decade. In the aqueous drainage system, exosomes derived from non-pigment ciliary epithelium act in an endocrine manner and specifically regulate the function of the trabecular meshwork to cope with persistent oxidative stress challenges. In the retina, a more complicated regulatory network among microglia, retinal neurons, retinal ganglial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and other immune effector cells by exosomes are responsible for the elaborate modulation of tissue homeostasis under physical state and the widespread propagation of neuroinflammation and its consequent neurodegeneration in glaucoma pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosome-based crosstalk depends on numerous factors, including the specific cargos they carried (particularly micro RNA), concentration, size, and ionization potentials, which largely remain elusive. In this narrative review, we summarize the latest research focus of exosome-based crosstalk in glaucoma pathogenesis, the current research progress of exosome-based therapy for glaucoma and provide in-depth perspectives on its current research gap.
Enhancement of turbulence and nutrient fluxes within an Eastern Boundary Upwelling Filament: a diapycnal entrainment approach
Authors: Estrada-Allis Sheila N. , Rodríguez-Santana Ángel , Naveira-Garabato Alberto C. , García-Weil Luis , Arcos-Pulido Mireya , Emelianov Mikhail
Published: July 2023

The filaments of the African Eastern Boundary Upwelling System (EBUS) are responsible for feeding nutrients to the oligotrophic waters of the northeastern Atlantic. However, turbulent mixing associated with nutrient uplift in filaments is poorly documented and has been mainly evaluated numerically. Using microstructure profiler measurements, we detected enhanced turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (ε) within the Cape Ghir upwelling filament. In contrast to previous studies, this enhancement was not related to symmetrical instabilities induced by down-front winds but to an increase in vertical current shear at the base of the mixed layer (hρ). In order to quantify the impact of vertical shear and the influence of the active mixing layer depth (hε) in the filament, a simple one-dimensional (1D) turbulent entrainment approach was used. We found that the effect of turbulent enhancement, together with the isopycnal morphology of the filament front, drove the formation of local positive entrainment zones (Δh=hε−hρ), as hε was deeper than hρ. This provided suitable conditions for the entrainment of cold, nutrient-rich waters from below the filament pycnocline and the upward transport of biophysical properties to the upper boundary layer of the front. We also found that diapycnal nutrient fluxes in stations influenced by the filament (1.35 mmol m-2 d-1) were two orders of magnitude higher than those of stations not affected by the filament front (0.02 mmol m-2 d-1). Despite their importance, the effects of vertical shear and hε have often been neglected in entrainment parameterizations. Thus, a modified entrainment parameterization was adapted to include vertical shear and observed ε, which are overestimated by existing parameterizations. To account for the possible role of internal waves in the generation of vertical shear, we considered internal wave scaling to parameterize the observed dissipation. Using this adapted parameterization, the average entrainment velocities were six times (6 m d-1) higher than those obtained with the classic parameterization (1 m d-1).
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a rapid tool to infer the biochemical composition of Ulva laetevirens (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Derksen Goverdina C. H. , Blommaert Lander , Bastiaens Leen , Hasşerbetçi Cem , Fremouw Roy , van Groenigen Jesse , Twijnstra Robert H. , Timmermans Klaas R.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Attenuated total reflection (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis is a rapid tool and represents a snapshot of all molecules present in a (plant) sample. Most alternative techniques for biochemical analyses of plant biomass require destructive sampling, complex and laborious sample pre-treatment, and precise and costly analysis. These analyses are often limited to soluble compounds instead of all compounds present. Such complicated procedures are not efficient for manipulative studies that involve repeated sampling and rapid nutrient changes over time, such as in agro-industrial cultivation studies.

Methods

In our study, the green seaweed species Ulva laetevirens (Chlorophyta) was cultivated under different nutritional regimes in onshore cultivation tanks. The regimes were nitrogen and phosphorus repletion, nitrogen depletion, phosphorus depletion, and light limitation. Samples were taken and tested according to common laborious analysis methods to determine the biochemical composition of polysaccharides, proteins, carbon, and nitrogen. These results were compared with the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis to allow for prediction of biomass composition.

Results

Statistical analysis of the spectra showed that the samples were clustered according to the nutritional regime during the incubation of U. laetevirens. This made it possible to deduce which abiotic factors were replete or deplete during cultivation. Furthermore, partial least square regression analysis proved the most suitable method to predict carbohydrate concentration and nitrogen content present in the biomass.

Discussion/conclusion

On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is an efficient and rapid alternative tool for qualitative and quantitative determination of the biochemical composition of U. laetevirens that can be used in industrial cultivation setups.
Acclimation to various temperature and pCO2 levels does not impact the competitive ability of two strains of Skeletonema marinoi in natural communities
Authors: Briddon Charlotte L. , Nicoară Maria , Hegedüs Adriana , Niculea Adina , Bellerby Richard , Eikrem Wenche , Crespo Bibiana G. , Dupont Sam , Drugă Bogdan
Published: July 2023

Understanding the long-term response of key marine phytoplankton species to ongoing global changes is pivotal in determining how oceanic community composition will respond over the coming decades. To better understand the impact of ocean acidification and warming, we acclimated two strains of Skeletonema marinoi isolated from natural communities to three pCO2 (400 μatm, 600 μatm and 1000 μatm) for 8 months and five temperature conditions (7°C, 10°C, 13°C, 16°C and 19°C) for 11 months. These strains were then tested in natural microbial communities, exposed to three pCO2 treatments (400 μatm, 600 μatm and 1000 μatm). DNA metabarcoding of the 16S and 18S gene for prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively was used to show differences in abundance and diversity between the three CO2 treatments. We found there were no significant differences in acclimated S. marinoi concentrations between the three pCO2 treatments, most likely due to the high variability these strains experience in their natural environment. There were significant compositional differences between the pCO2 treatments for prokaryotes suggesting that indirect changes to phytoplankton-bacteria interactions could be a possible driver of bacterial community composition. Yet, there were no differences for eukaryotic community composition, with all treatments dominated by diatoms (but not the acclimated S. marinoi) resulting in similar biodiversity. Furthermore, strain-specific differences in community composition suggests interactions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa could play a role in determining future community composition.
Subtidal seagrass detector: development of a deep learning seagrass detection and classification model for seagrass presence and density in diverse habitats from underwater photoquadrats
Authors: Langlois Lucas A. , Collier Catherine J. , McKenzie Len J.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a Subtidal Seagrass Detector (the Detector). Deep learning models were used to detect most forms of seagrass occurring in a diversity of habitats across the northeast Australian seascape from underwater images and classify them based on how much the cover of seagrass was present. Images were collected by scientists and trained contributors undertaking routine monitoring using drop-cameras mounted over a 50 x 50 cm quadrat. The Detector is composed of three separate models able to perform the specific tasks of: detecting the presence of seagrass (Model #1); classify the seagrass present into three broad cover classes (low, medium, high) (Model #2); and classify the substrate or image complexity (simple of complex) (Model #3). We were able to successfully train the three models to achieve high level accuracies with 97%, 80.7% and 97.9%, respectively. With the ability to further refine and train these models with newly acquired images from different locations and from different sources (e.g. Automated Underwater Vehicles), we are confident that our ability to detect seagrass will improve over time. With this Detector we will be able rapidly assess a large number of images collected by a diversity of contributors, and the data will provide invaluable insights about the extent and condition of subtidal seagrass, particularly in data-poor areas.