bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mejoras en el esquema tecnológico para lograr incrementos en la eficiencia energética en un central azucarero
Authors: Jiménez Borges Reinier , Álvarez González Andrés , López Alemán Ernesto , Lorenzo Llanes Junior
Published: January 2021

Este estudio parte de la descripción del esquema térmico del central azucarero a evaluar, el cual cuenta con una molida potencial de 49,67 kg/s, la capacidad eléctrica instalada de 6,5 MW, y con dos generadores de vapor del tipo Retal, los cuales tienen una capacidad nominal de 60 t/h cada uno, y una presión de vapor sobrecalentado de 1 930 kPa a (350o C). El objetivo fundamental de la investigación fue la realización del balance termoenergético de dicho central, con el propósito de conocer los equipos con mayor consumo de vapor y la distribución de la energía en el proceso. Su utilizó una metodología
clásica de balance de masa y energía donde a partir del análisis de los principales indicadores globales, siendo ellos el porcentaje de bagazo sobrante, consumo específico de vapor en fábrica, así como electricidad vendida a la red. Al analizardichos indicadores se pudo identificar oportunidades de mejora con el fin de lograr un aumento en la producción eléctrica y entregar mayor energía al Sistema Electroenergético Nacional (SEN), así como disminuir el consumo de vapor de la fábrica.
Las modificaciones implementadas luego del análisis fueron la sustitución del turbogenerador del tipo contrapresión de potencia 2,5 MW por uno de 4 MW, así como la concentración de los jugos. Mediante la implementación de estas propuestas
se logró un incremento en la entrega de electricidad al SEN de 8,88 kWh/ton de caña para una reducción del consumo de vapor en la fábrica de 25,56 %. Finalmente, se compara desde el punto de vista económico el incremento en los ingresos para
el central, lográndose para este caso un excedente de 35 008 060.9 USD/zafra.
Розвиток корпоративного менеджменту в системі управління персоналом
Authors: Бортник С. М.
Published: January 2021

Обґрунтовано підходи до формалізації окремих етапів системи управління персоналом як складової корпоративного менеджменту суб’єкта господарювання. Визначено основні загрози системі корпоративного управління персоналом та мотиваційні фактори щодо участі працівників у прийнятті й реалізації управлінських рішень; використанню максимально ефективного стилю керівництва, а також формуванню організаційної культури в умовах трансформації управлінських форм впливу. Доведено необхідність реформування системи корпоративного менеджменту в системі управління персоналом та визначено напрямки вдосконалення його форм і методів.
Судова експертиза як об’єкт адміністративно-правового регулювання міжнародного співробітництва
Authors: Яценко І. І.
Published: January 2021

Досліджено судову експертизу як об’єкт адміністративно-правового регулювання міжнародного співробітництва. Проаналізовано та визначено такі базові категорії статті, як «експертиза», «судова експертиза», «адміністративно-правове регулювання», «міжнародне співробітництво». Охарактеризовано правове регулювання здійснення судових експертиз і судово-експертної діяльності в Україні. Підкреслено значення міжнародно-правових документів, які регламентують питання міжнародного співробітництва в судово-експертній діяльності.
Поняття і сутність переведень та переміщень державних службовців
Authors: Лисицька Т. Г.
Published: January 2021

Розглянуто точки зору науковців щодо категорій «переведення на іншу роботу» та «переміщення на інше робоче місце» в межах досліджень загальної теорії трудового права. Досліджено норми Закону України «Про державну службу» щодо переведень і переміщень державних службовців. Надано авторські визначення понять «переведення державного службовця» та «переміщення державного службовця». Указано, що національний законодавець, передбачивши в Законі України «Про державну службу» окрему статтю, присвячену переведенню державних службовців (ст. 41), не передбачив статті, присвяченої регламентації іншого заходу – переміщення державного службовця. Запропоновано існуючі назву та норми ст. 40 Закону України «Про державну службу» замінити на назву і норми щодо переміщення державних службовців.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЛЕЖНОГО ВИКОНАННЯ СУДОВИХ РІШЕНЬ ЩОДО СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ: ДЕРЖАВНО-УПРАВЛІНСЬКИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Товмасян Артур
Published: January 2021

Належне виконання судових рішень є виявом довіри до органів державної влади, а також однією з умов взаємовигідної співпраці суб’єктів господарювання. Узагальнення даних офіційної статистики, матеріалів соціологічних досліджень, змісту дисертаційних робіт і публікацій у фахових виданнях за даною проблематикою дозволяє стверджувати про наявність як фрагментарних, так і комплексних досліджень, спрямованих на виявлення причин доволі низької результативності державного управління виконання судових рішень щодо суб’єктів господарювання в Україні. Загалом невтішна ситуація обумовлена наявністю декількох проблем, які істотною мірою ускладнюють умови забезпечення економічної безпеки як окремих суб’єктів господарювання, так і територій загалом. Для вирішення чи, принаймні, мінімізації негативного впливу проблем, потрібнечітке розуміння їх специфіки, а тому доречною вбачається вдосконалена класифікація проблем, що унеможливлюють забезпечення належного рівня результативності державного управління виконанням судових рішень щодо суб’єктів господарювання в Україні залежно від масштабу, особи позивача, особи відповідача, специфіки позову, економічного становища позивача, етапу примусового виконання судових рішень щодо суб’єктів господарювання, сфери застосування відповідних механізмів державного. Пропонована класифікація не містить вичерпного їх переліку, оскільки на тлі вирішення «старих», цілком ймовірна поява «нових» проблем. Запропонованакласифікація має доповнити методологію державного управління, а її використання дозволить більш системно підходити до розробки конкретних рекомендацій по усуненню наявних проблем у цій царині. Подальші наукові розвідки за даною проблематикою мають бути спрямовані на розробку для підрозділів Державної виконавчої служби та приватних виконавців практичних рекомендацій, що  передбачають вдосконалення наявних і запровадження нових механізмів взаємодії у ланцюгу «державний/приватний виконавець – позивач – відповідач» як запоруки підвищенню довіри до ситеми виконання судових рішень, й (що більш важливо) покращенню умов для ведення легального бізнесу.
GAMBARAN KANALIS MANDIBULARIS KIRI SECARA RADIOGRAFI PANORAMIK PADA WARGA MEDAN SELAYANG
Authors: Trelia Boel  , Savena Bala Kumar
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kanalis mandibularis dan variasinya melalui radiografipanoramik pada warga di Kecamatan Medan Selayang. Radiografi dalam kedokteran gigi memainkan peran pentingdalam memperoleh informasi diagnostik . Variasi penyebaran kanal mandibula dapat dilihat melalui gambar radiografipanaromik . Hal ini sangat penting bagi semua dokter gigi untuk melakukan perawatan , seperti operasi gigi molar ketiga,implan dan membagi ramus osteotomy. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectionaldengan 86 sampel, (laki-laki dan perempuan) di Kecamatan Medan Selayang berusia antara 32-72 tahun. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan yang memiliki kanal mandibula kiri normal 100%. Sebagai kesimpulan, tidak terdapat variasi penjalarankanalis mandibularis kiri pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Medan Selayang berdasarkan gambaran radiografi panoramik.
PERAN IMUNOGLOBULIN A (SIgA) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PEMBENTUKAN BIOFILM STREPTOKOKUS MUTANS PADA PERMUKAAN GIGI
Authors: Maulida Hayati  , Herry Herman  , Andri Rezano
Published: January 2021

Sekretori IgA (SIgA) adalah salah satu kelas andibodi yang terdapat dalam saliva, yang dihasilkan dalam bentuk dimerikIgA oleh sel plasma lokal (PCs) pada stroma glandula saliva dan kemudian ditransportasi melalui epitel sekretori olehpolimer Ig reseptor (pIgR), yang disebut juga dengan membran komponen sekretori (SC). Pada permukaan mukosaSIgA bersama dengan mukus akan mengekslusi antigen-antigen. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskanperan SIgA dalam meningkatkan pertahanan mukosa mulut terhadap bakteri patogen Streptokokus mutans. Bakteri inimerupakan penyebab utama terjadinya karies gigi, karena kemampuannya untuk melekat pada permukaan gigi, yangmemungkinkan terbentuknya kolonisasi pada permukaan gigi melalui pembentukan biofilm. Perlekatan Streptokokusmutans ini akan dihambat oleh SIgA dengan mengintervensi protein perlekatan bakteri yang disebut Ag I/II. Hal inimemungkinkan SIgA untuk mencegah perlekatan bakteri pada permukaan, sehingga dapat mencegah inisiasi terjadinyakaries gigi. Sebagai kesimpulan, sekresi SIgA saliva terhadap Ag I/II Streptokokus mutanstelah terbukti dapat mencegahkolonisasi bakteritersebut dirongga mulut manusia
EFEK KLINIS SETELAH SKELING DAN PENGHALUSAN AKAR KASUS PERIODONTITIS KRONIS POKET 4-6 MM
Authors: Mora Octavia  , Yuniarti Soeroso  , Yulianti Kemal
Published: January 2021

Terapi periodontitis kronis poket 4-6 mm biasanya dilakukan kuretase atau operasi flep. Skeling dan penghalusan akar(SPA) dapat mengubah kondisi klinis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek kllinis setelah SPA pada periodontitiskronis poket 4-6 mm. Empat puluh tiga penderita periodontitis kronis dilakukan SPA pada kunjungan awal, hari ketujuh,hari ke-14, hari ke-21, bulan kedua, bulan ketiga, dan bulan keenam. Pada kunjungan awal, bulan kedua, ketiga, dankeenam, sebelum dan setelah SPA dilakukan pemeriksaan kedalaman poket dan Indeks perdarahan gingiva (PBI). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan kedalaman poket dan indeks perdarahan gingival ( p < 0,05) antara sebelumdan sesudah SPA. Sebagai kesimpulan, SPA dapat meningkatkan kondisi klinis pada terapi periodontitis kronis poket 4-6mm.
DISTRIBUSI MALOKLUSI BERDASARKAN KLASIFIKASI ANGLE PADA PASIEN DI DEPARTEMEN ORTODONSIA RSGMP FKG USU TAHUN 2009-2013
Authors: Mimi Marina Lubis  , Andira Retno Utami
Published: January 2021

Maloklusi merupakan masalah kesehatan mulut dengan prevalensi tertinggi ketiga setelah karies dan penyakitperiodontal. Distribusi maloklusi menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda-beda dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi pada setiappopulasi di dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi maloklusi berdasarkan klasifikasi Angle danmelihat apakah terdapat perbedaan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptifmenggunakan 385 rekam medik dan model studi pasien di Departemen Ortodonsia RSGMP FKG USU tahun 2009-2013. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 41,55 % sampel memiliki hubungan molar Klas I Angle, 26,75 % Klas II subdivisi, 18,44% Klas II divisi 1, 5,71 % Klas III subdivisi, 4,67 % Klas II divisi 2 dan 2,85 % Klas III. Bentuk maloklusi yang palingumum adalah crowding rahang bawah 49,61 %, crossbite anterior 30,90 % dan spacing rahang atas 21,55 %. Sebanyak40,25 % sampel memiliki overjet normal, 19,48 % overjet berlebih, 69,61 % overbite normal, 14,02 % deep bite, 9,35 %edge to edge dan 7,79 % open bite. Deep bite menunjukkan adanya perbedaan distribusi berdasarkan jenis kelamin.
PENGARUH THERMAL CYCLING TERHADAP PERUBAHAN DIMENSI DAN STABILITAS WARNA BAHAN BASIS GIGI TIRUAN NILON TERMOPLASTIK
Authors: Dwi Tjahyaning Putranti  , Oktia Kiki Triana
Published: January 2021

Nilon termoplastik sebagai bahan basis gigi tiruan mulai menjadi pilihan perawatan. Salah satu sifat fisis nilontermoplastik yang menjadi perhatian dalam penggunaannya sebagai bahan basis gigi tiruan adalah stabilitas dimensi danstabilitas warna. Penggunaan basis gigi tiruan di rongga mulut dalam waktu tertentu akan mengakibatkan berbagaiperubahan sifat bahan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi sifat suatu bahan yaitu thermalcycling. Sampel dibuat sesuai ADA No. 12 untuk uji perubahan dimensi dan ISO No. 1567 untuk uji stabilitas warna.Thermal cycling 70 cycles dan 300 cycles dilakukan pada masing-masing sampel perlakuan. Hasil uji dianalisismenggunakan uji ANOVA untuk mengetahui pengaruh thermal cycling terhadap perubahan dimensi dan stabilitas warnayang menunjukkan hasil signifikan (p < 0,05) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, serta uji LSD yang menunjukkan terdapatperbedaan pengaruh thermal cycling terhadap perubahan dimensi dan stabilitas warna bahan basis gigi tiruan nilontermoplastik. Thermal cycling 70 cycle dan 300 cycle pada bahan basis gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik dapat meningkatkannilai perubahan dimensi dan menurunkan nilai stabilitas warna bahan basis gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik. Kesimpulan,penggunaan gigi tiruan selama 1 minggu dibandingkan 1 bulan menyebabkan perubahan dimensi semakin besar danberkurangnya stabilitas warna pada basis gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik.
DISTRIBUSI DENTIN TERSIER PADA PUNCAK PULPA GIGI MOLAR MANDIBULA YANG ATRISI AKIBAT MENYIRIH
Authors: Yendriwati Yendriwati , Lindawati Yumi , Nababan Rahmat Setiadi
Published: January 2021

Dentin tersier adalah jaringan yang dibentuk sebagai respon yang terlokalisasi terhadap stimulus eksternal yang kuat dalam penggunaan gigi geligi. Atrisi akibat pengunyahan yang cepat dan berlebihan seperti menyirih akan memicu odontoblast-like cell membentuk dentin tersier. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dentin tersier yang terbentuk pada gigi penyirih di setiap puncak pulpa yaitu mesio lingual, linguodistal, bukomesial, bukodistal dan fisur, melihat perbedaan distribusi dentin tersier di setiap bagian puncak pulpa dan distribusi dentin tersier yang terbentuk berdasarkan derajat atrisi gigi. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional, dengan melakukan observasi pada 11 gigi molar satu atau molar dua rahang bawah untuk melihat dentin tersier yang terbentuk pada gigi penyirih yang mengalami atrisi.  Sampel ditanam kedalam dental stone sampai sepertiga akar gigi, dibelah secara vertikal menggunakan diamond bur disc dari arah mahkota gigi sampai ke batas dental stone. Sampel diobservasi dan difoto menggunakan mikroskop Olympus SZX16 yang dilengkapi kamera dan terintegrasi dengan komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dentin tersier ditemukan pada setiap puncak pulpa gigi yang mengalami atrisi dengan distribusi pada bagian linguomesial 90%, linguodistal 72,8%, bukomesial 100%, bukodistal 100%, dan fisur 90,9%. Distribusi persentase dentin yang terbentuk lebih banyak ditemukan pada atrisi derajat 2 (100%) dibandingkan atrisi derajat 1.  Sebagai kesimpulan, dentin tersier terbentuk pada seluruh puncak pulpa bagian bukal gigi yang mengalami atrisi dan semakin parah atrisi yang terjadi dentin tersier yang terbentuk semakin kompleks.
THE POTENTIAL OF HEDYOTIS CORYMBOSA (L.) LAMK EXTRACT TO INHIBIT THE PROGRESSIVITY OF ORAL CANCER CELL IN RATS INDUCED WITH BENZOPYRENE
Authors: Budhy Theresia Indah
Published: January 2021

Cancer is still ranked as the fifth cause of mortality and morbidityin Indonesia.Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk has ursolat acid as anti-proliferative cancer cell. This research is aimed to determine the potency of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk at different doses, namely 375, 750, and 1500 mg/kg, used as an inhibitor for the progressivity of oral cancer, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Post test only control group design was used in this research. There were 24 Rattus novergicus used as research samples. Those were divided into four groups, namely control, treatment group 1 with a dose of 375mg/kg, treatment group 2 with a dose of 750 mg/kg, and treatment group 3 with a dose of 1500mg/kg. Their oral cavity was induced intramusculary by benzopyrene with a dose of 8mg/kg for 4 weeks (twice a week) to create cancer. Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk was given orally for 10 days. All samples were aclimatitation to perform Histo Pathology Anatomi among groups. Haematoxillin Eosin for proliferation cancer cell and capilary. Immunohistochemistry for expression of caspase3. Data were tabulated andanalyzed statistically by ANOVA. There was significant difference of cancer cell proliferation and capilary between control and treatment groups. The most significant decreasing of cancer cell proliferation was in those samples given with a dose of 750 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the highest apoptosis of caspase3 expression was in those samples given with a dose of 750 mg/kg. It can be concluded that Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk extract could decrease cancer cell proliferation and capilary as well as could increase apoptosis.
PERBEDAAN KADAR INTERLEUKIN-1β SALIVA ANTARA PENDERITA MYOFASCIAL PAIN DENGAN DISC DISPLACEMENT SENDI TEMPOROMANDIBULA
Authors: Rafni Elita , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Darwin Eriyati , Rikmasari Rasmi
Published: January 2021

Gangguan sendi temporomandibula dapat terjadi karena peradangan neurogenik yang banyak melibatkan sitokin. Pada penderita gangguan sendi temporomandibula dengan keluhan nyeri ditemukan adanya substansi algogenik prostaglandin dan lukotrien sebagai mediator nyeri dan inflamasi. Prostaglandin berasal dari asam arakidonat yang berubah menjadi PGE2 karena aktivitas Cox2 yang diinduksi oleh sitokin IL-1β. Saliva merupakan cairan yang mengandung hormon, antibodi, konstituent mikroba, dan sitokin seperti yang terdapat dalam darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan kadar IL-1β pada penderita myofascial pain dan disc displacement sendi temporomandibula. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional comparative. Variabel dependen dan independen diperiksa secara bersamaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Poliklinik Prostodonsia Rumah Sakit Arifin Ahmad Pekanbaru dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Padang. Pemeriksaan sampel saliva dilakukan pada 37 penderita myofascial pain dan 37 penderita disc displacement. Kadar IL-1β diperiksa dengan Elisa dan data dianalisis dengan t test. Berdasarkan uji statistik Kolmogorov Smirnov ditemukan bahwa data terdistribusi normal baik pada kelompok gender (p =0,772) maupun kelompok umur (p =1,000). Rerata nilai kadar IL-1β penderita myofascial pain adalah 0,22 ± 0,18 nm/L dan penderita disc displacement adalah 0,57 ± 0,45 nm/L. Hasil analisis t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kadar IL-1β saliva yang signifikan antara penderita myofascial pain dan disc displacement  p =0,01 (p<0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa  kadar IL-1β lebih tinggi pada disc displacement dibandingkan myofascial pain.
PERBEDAAN LAJU ALIRAN DAN pH SALIVA PADA PASIEN DENGAN PIRANTI ORTODONTI CEKAT DAN TANPA PIRANTI ORTODONTI PADA MAHASISWA FKG USU
Authors: Erliera Erliera , Nurdiana Nurdiana , Triastuti Maya Indah
Published: January 2021

Saliva merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang berperan dalam melindungi jaringan di dalam rongga mulut. Namun, setiap individu  memiliki laju aliran dan pH saliva yang berbeda-beda karena dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor salah satunya terhadap stimulus mekanis seperti pada pemakaian pesawat ortodonti cekat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan laju aliran dan pH saliva pasien dengan piranti ortodonti cekat dan tanpa piranti ortodonti pada mahasiswa FKG USU. Jenis penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling dan sampel yang diambil sebesar 44 orang yang terdiri dari 22 orang pemakai piranti ortodonti cekat dan 22 orang bukan pemakai piranti ortodonti. Pengumpulan saliva dilakukan dengan metode passive drool. Perbandingan laju aliran saliva antara kedua kelompok dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann – Whitney U dan perbandingan pH saliva dengan menggunakan uji-t independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju aliran saliva tertinggi sebesar 1,16 ml/menit dan pH saliva tertinggi sebesar 7,60 terdapat pada pasien pemakai piranti ortodonti cekat dan laju aliran terendah 0,08 ml/menit dan pH saliva terendah 6,40 pada pasien tanpa piranti ortodonti cekat. Sebagai kesimpulan, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan untuk laju aliran dan pH saliva antara pasien dengan piranti ortodonti cekat dengan pasien tanpa piranti ortodonti (p<0,05), dimana laju aliran dan pH saliva pada pasien dengan piranti ortodonti cekat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa piranti ortodonti.
RESPONS IMUN PADA KARIES DAN PERAN ODONTOBLAST DALAM RESPONS IMUN
Authors: Octiara Essie
Published: January 2021

Karies yang tidak dirawat akan dapat berlanjut ke dentin, dan mayoritas ditemukan bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif pada kavitas gigi. Difusi bakteri patogen melalui produk toksin bakteri akan masuk ke dalam tubulus dentin sehingga menyebabkan inflamasi pulpa dan reaksi imun pada pulpa gigi. Kompleks pulpa-dentin mampu menginisiasi respons imun alamiah (innate) dan adaptif, yang bekerja pada proses awal invasi karies moderat.Tujuan ulasan ini adalah untuk membicarakan tentang respons imun terhadap karies dan peran odontoblast dalam respons imun pulpa gigi. Literatur menunjukkan peran odontoblasts dalam meregulasi respons imun pulpa gigi dan respons inflamasi terhadap bakteri kariogenik. Odontoblast berpartisipasi dalam sensing patogen oleh toll-like receptors (TLR 2 mendeteksi LTA; TLR 4 mendeteksi LPS), memproduksi kemokin (contoh CCL2 dan CXCL10), dan sitokin (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6).  Odontoblast juga memproduksi peptida antimikroba (β-defensin), dan  juga mengekspresikan berbagai integrin yang berfungsi sebagai signaling dalam meregulasi proses perbaikan pada saat mendapatkan injuri. Disimpulkan bahwa odontoblast berperan dalam mendeteksi patogen yang masuk ke tubuli dentin selama proses karies dan sebagai pemicu imun respons pada jaringan pulpa.
SALIVA AS A POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC OF BIOMARKER OF ORAL AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Authors: Lesmana Dian , Tjahajawati Sri , Lubis Vita Tarawan
Published: January 2021

Saliva is a biological fluid that is secreted by the major, minor and other accessories salivary glands. Saliva has a high potential as an indicator that reflects the health of our body. Saliva also plays an important role as a protector, lubricate oral structure with mucin, set a neutral pH through the buffer capacity, clean the oral cavity, stimulate wound healing, help the taste buds in the taste of food, facilitate the process of chewing food, form a bolus and make it easier swallowing, and minimize food particles through the activity of the enzyme amylase and lipase. The use of saliva as a biomarker in diagnosing provide more advantages than the serum and other body fluids due to using non-invasive techniques, cost-efficient, as well as methods for collecting samples for disease screening without the need to train professional personnel. The benefits derived from the saliva as a biomarker are early detection and screening of disease to the development of caries, periodontal disease, tumors and malignancy, hereditary, wound healing, autoimmune disease, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, drug monitoring, forensic, and the psychological influence. At this time, the function of saliva as a diagnostic biomarker is not widely known, therefore the development of salivary further enhance because it can produce functional similarities with serum and reflect the body's physiological status in the oral cavity and systemic disease.
QUANTIFICATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUINIS ISOLATED FROM DENTAL PLAQUE AND SALIVA OF SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT CORONARY HEART DISEASE – ANALYSIS USING REAL-TIME PCR
Authors: Nasution Aini Hariyani , Kemal Yulianti , Lessang Robert , Bachtiar Boy
Published: January 2021

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in most countries in the world. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been identified in bacteremia cases and known to have a role in various vascular diseases, including Streptococcus sanguinis which is most frequently isolated from endocarditis patients and often associated with CHD. The purpose of this study was to analyze the number of Streptococcus sanguinis isolated from dental plaque and saliva of subjects with and without CHD. Bacterial colonies isolated from the dental plaque and saliva of 16 subjects without CHD and 8 subjects with CHD were planted in Mitis salivarius agar, and then the DNA was extracted and quantified with a Real-Time PCR technique using 16S rRNA specific primers. The quantification of Real-Time PCR showed that there was a difference in the number of S. sanguinis between the two groups of subjects, but an unpaired T-test showed that the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the number of S. sanguinis from dental plaque in CHD subjects tends to be higher than that of non-CHD subjects whereas the number of S. sanguinis from saliva in non-CHD subjects tends to be higher than that of CHD subjects.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN 2% AND OXYGENIZING DENTURE CLEANSER ON PROHIBITING STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS GROWTH AT ACRYLIC HEAT-CURED RESINS PLATE
Authors: Evelyna Angela , Sutanto Dahlia , Nadapdap Astuti
Published: January 2021

Heat-cured acrylic denture base-plate may act as reservoir for Streptococcus mutans (all species name must be in italics) colonies, this condition may lead to denture stomatitis. One of denture cleansing method that frequently used is by immersion (of what?) in oxygenizing denture cleansers that has several disadvantages such as high cost and biocompatibility issue regarding chemical synthetic component of the solution. Chitosan is a natural compound that has antibacterial nature. The most commonly percentage of chitosan used for biomedical purposes is 2%. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effectivity of chitosan 2% on acrylic heat-cured plates and compare it with oxygenizing denture cleansers. Aquadest was used as control. Fifteen acrylic heat-cured plates (10 x10 x 2 mm) immersed in Streptococcus mutans suspensions at temperature 37°C for 48 hours of 3 different solutions. The solutions were vortexed and put into (Brain Heart Infusion Agar) medium. Streptococcus mutans colonies were counted manually. The result shows, that Streptococcus mutans colonies on aquadest group was 269.75 CFU/plate, followed by oxygenizing denture cleanser with 11 CFU/plate), and chitosan 2% group with 0.4 CFU/plate, respectively. Data were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test followed by Mann-Whitney test shows of p=0.012 (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant different of antimicrobial activity between chitosan 2% and oxygenizing denture cleanser. The result demonstrated that chitosan 2% solution was more effective to prohibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans colonies on acrylic heat cured plates, however a statistically significant difference between the two groups was not observed.
THE INCREASED NUMBER OF EPITHELIAL CELLS DETACHED FROM ORAL MUCOSA BECAUSE OF AMALGAM FILLINGS
Authors: Primasari Ameta , Sitompul Safriani
Published: January 2021

Amalgam is a filler material containing toxic mercury. One of the main risks comes from the mercury vapor released in the mouth. The presence of amalgams in the oral cavity changes the metabolism of epithelial cells in the oral mucosa. Exfoliative cytology is a fast and easy method because the examination is only performed on the surface of the oral mucosa, and epithelial cells can be released without anesthesia. The research method was an analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional design. Epithelial cells from oral mucosa were collected from 32 samples using the cytobrush method. The epithelial cells were collected on the closest buccal mucosa of the amalgam restoration. The number of epithelial cells in the oral mucosa was seen through micrographs from a microscope with 100x magnification. The data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test to determine the number of epithelial cells released. The Mann Whitney U test results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of oral mucosal epithelial cells obtained ​​between subjects with amalgam and subjects without amalgam with p<0.05. In addition, there was a difference in the features of oral mucosal epithelial cells between subjects with amalgam and subjects without amalgam. In conclusion, the number of epithelial cells obtained from amalgam users was higher than the subjects without restorations. The forms of epithelial cells which experience desquamation in the subjects with amalgam were more irregular than those of subjects without restorations.
THE CHELATING POLYIMINE BASED ON P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE AND GLYOXAL
Authors:   Acad. M. Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Ismayilova S.Z.
Published: January 2021

Condensation of p-phenylenediamine and glyoxal at a molar ratio of 1: 1 made it possible to synthesize a new polyimine with chelating ability. The complexation of this polyimine with transition metals was studied and the composition and structure of the complexes obtained were explored by means of IR, electron spectroscopy, EPR, derivatography, and elemental analysis.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND FINE DISPERSER ADDITIONS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERAL SUSPENSIONS
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Guvalov A.A. , S.İ. S.İ. ,   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction
Published: January 2021

In this study, the effect of mineral and organic additives on the properties of mineral suspensions was studied. Disperse mineral additives are used in cement systems to increase the amount of rheological matrix and ensure high fluidity. Due to the high dispersion of mineral additives, high-efficiency plasticizers were used to regulate the rheotechnological properties of cement-based mixtures. The effect of sulfonaphthalene-formaldehyde oligomer and polycarboxylate-based hyperplasticizers on the rheological properties of cement systems as a plasticizer was evaluated according to the methodology proposed by prof. V.I.Kalashnikov. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that limestone powder is more effective than other stone powders. As a result of the research, the optimal amounts of mineral additives and plasticizers were determined and the possibility of obtaining efficient, high-strength cement stone on their basis confirmed.
Monosodium glutamate administration early in life alters pineal melatonin nocturnal profile in adulthood
Authors: Garcia Janaína B , Do Amaral Fernanda G , Buonfiglio Daniela C , Vendrame Rafaela FA , Alves Patrícia L , De Paulo Maria Eliza F , Scialfa Julieta H , Da Silveira Paulo F , Cipolla-Neto José , Afeche Solange C
Published: January 2021

The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night, which gives melatonin the characteristic of a temporal synchronizer of the physiological systems. Melatonin is a regulator of insulin activities centrally and also peripherally and its synthesis is reduced in diabetes.  Since monosodium glutamate (MSG) is often used to induce the type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome in animal models, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential effects of MSG given to neonates on the pineal melatonin synthesis in different aged male and female rats. Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the second to eighth post-natal day. The circadian profiles both melatonin levels and AANAT activity were monitored at different ages. Body weight, naso-anal length, adipose tissues weight, GTT, ITT and serum insulin levels were also evaluated. Typical obesity with the neonatal MSG treatment was observed, indicated by a great increase in adipose depots without a concurrent increase in body weight. MSG treatment did not cause hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. An increase of melatonin synthesis at ZT 15 with phase advance was observed in in some animals. The AANAT activity was positively parallel to the melatonin circadian profile. It seems that MSG causes hypothalamic obesity which may increase AANAT activity and melatonin production in pineal gland. These effects were not temporally correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia indicating the hypothalamic lesions, particularly in arcuate nucleus induced by MSG in early age, as the principal cause of the increase in melatonin production.
Profitabilitas Terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia
Authors: Septianti Ajeng , Yudhawati Diah , Supramono Supramono
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Return On Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) to stock price in 2011-2017. This study uses secondary data, the sample in this study as many as 28 data derived from livestock feed companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2017 and include complete financial report data. Sampling technique using purposive sampling technique or sampling based on certain considerations and criteria. The analytical method used is simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with first classical asusmsi test which includes normality test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test. The results of this study show that partially Return On Equity (ROE) has a positive and insignificant effect on price, Net Profit Margin (NPM) has a positive and insignificant effect on stock prices. Simultaneously Return On Equity (ROE) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) have positive and insignificant effect to stock price at company of basic industry and kumia subs of poultry feed listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) year 2011- 2017.
Harga Dan Promosi Terhadap Volume Penjualan
Authors: Tsani Afrizal , Sume Syahlan A , Kuraesin Ecin
Published: January 2021

Sebuah perusahaan yang besar tentu adalah perusahaan yang mampu terus meningkatkan volume penjualan setiap bulan bahkan harinya, selain untuk memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat luas, tidak bisa di pungkiri bahwa perusahaan juga bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan materi guna untuk memperluas usaha dan mengkapitalisasi perusahaan agar lebih kokoh dan bertahan lebih lama lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah budget promosi dan perubahan harga yang selama ini digunakan oleh CV Mandiri Baru berpengaruh pada volume penjualan atau tidak sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keputusan kebijakan harga dan budget promosi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pada periode 2015-2017, pada CV Mandiri Baru studi kasus Tempat Sampah Fiber 3 in 1 cenderung bagus karena meskipun adanya kenaikan harga pada produk namun permintaan tetap tinggi, faktor produk yang memang termasuk kategori produk yang dikatgorikan produk kebutuhan yang menjadi produk ini selalu dipesan, selain itu budget promosi yang digunakan juga berpengaruh positif dengan adanya peningkatan volume penjualan yang baik setiap triwulannya, sehingga kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan sudah efektif tinggal disesuaikan perkembangan pasar.
Kepemimpinan Dan Human Capital Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Oktaviani Rini , Agung Syahrum , Marlina Asti
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Human Capital terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Indoglobal Galang Pamitra. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan secara acak yaitu berjumlah 60 orang dengan rumus Slovin . Skala pengukuran menngunakan skala ordinal (Likert). Analisis ini menggunakan Uji Validasi, Uji Reliabilitas, Analisis Korelasi, Analisis Regresi, Analisis Determinasi, Analisis Deskriptif, Uji Hipotesis uji T dan uji F. Hasil korelasi menunjukan variabel Kepemimpinan (X1) termasuk dalam kategori Kuat, dan variabel Human Capital (X2) termasuk dalam kategori Sedang, dan variabel Kepemimpinan dan Human Capital bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja termasuk dalam kategori Kuat.Hasil dari analisis uji F hipotesis, nilai F hitung = 19.260 > F tabel = 3,16 maka Ho ditolak Ha diterima, berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Kepemimpinan dan Human Capital secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja karyawan.
DSS Framework: A Proposal for Disaster Logistic Support System for the Province of Laguna
Authors:   Laguna State Polytechnic University, Alipio Rene , Balahadia Francis ,   Laguna State Polytechnic University
Published: January 2021

The Philippines’ location within the Pacific Ring of Fire brings enormous threat to its people. Intervention and innovation are to be in place for survival and growth, since nothing can be done about its geographic location and the threats that come with it. This study aims to create a framework for developing a decision support system, a mobile and web application for the efficient implementation of the disaster logistics support system. The study will utilize Agile Methodology for the software development in the proposed framework. This proposed framework exhibits the features of the system such as identifying location, affected families, supplies, reports, management of inventory, vehicle outsourcing, and monitoring. The system framework can be a helpful tool for the efficient and speedy delivery of needed help and an effective approach to disaster supply chain issues.
Ratooning Response of Lowland Rice NSIC Rc352 (Oryza sativa L.) to Method of Nitrogen Application
Authors:   Visayas State University, Banoc Dionesio
Published: January 2021

This study seeks to determine the effect of N fertilization method on ratoon lowland rice performance, to choose a fertilization method that provides high ratooned yield, and to assess its profitability adopting N fertilization method. The experiment lays out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and five N fertilization methods as treatments. Method of N application significantly affected the number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), number of productive tillers hill-1, panicle length and weight, number of filled and unfilled grains panicle-1. This method compensates cost of production of growing ratoon crop than those of the main crop. In fact, the highest profit (PhP25,564.80) was obtained in ratooned plants, which received 60 kg ha-1 N basal + 30 kg ha-1 N topdress application (T3) due to higher grain yield. Thereby, this is an appropriate option that provides high productivity and income for the ratoon growers.
Direct and Indirect Factors Affecting Teachers’ Burnout in the New Normal
Authors:   Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology Bangued Campus, Dela Cruz Andrian
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has brought about tiring tasks and unending demands in the Philippine educational system. With the abrupt shift of the teaching-learning process, teachers are pressured and stressed, which leads them to be burned out. The descriptive correlational research design determines the direct and indirect effects of perceived control to burnout through teachers’ personality traits of the 240 early childhood teachers. Data are analyzed using the Pearson r formula, Bivariate parametric correlation, and the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study reveals that despite the challenges experienced in this time of pandemic, teachers have control over themselves and with the people around them. The teachers’ level of control does not influence their burnout; instead, their burnout is dependent on their emotional stability. Thus, burnout is a personal choice which is triggered by one’s emotion. A person with high perceived control may still be burned out if he does not have control over his emotions.
Of/um-partikkelen som dateringskriterium for eddakvada
Authors: Olsen Leiv
Published: January 2021

The author investigates the function and possible meanings of the of/um particle and how this particle can be used as a dating criterium for Eddic poems, as Hans Kuhn proposed in 1929. The author concludes that the of/um particle was not a filler word (“expletive particle”), as most philologists have assumed, but an unstressed prefix which supplied the following word with a specific meaning – as Ingerid Dal claimed in 1929/30. The particle was probably used in daily speech when Old Norse was spoken, but gradually fell out of use, and disappeared after the end of the 13th century. The most marked change occurred between the end of the 10th and the middle of the 11th centuries. The frequency of the of/um-particle in skaldic poems from the 9th and 10th centuries is 10 times the frequency in skaldic poems from the 12th and 13th centuries. This is important when dating Eddic poems.

The of/um particle can be used as a dating criterium only when the material for analysis is extensive. This requires at least 300 short verses to use the particle as an indication for age. It is a very sound criterium when the material includes thousands of short verses. Dating of Eddic poems based on the frequency of the of/um particle corresponds well with dating based on other linguistic criteria. All in all, dating based on the of/um particle is the best criterium we have for dating Eddic poems.
The Silenced Trauma in the Íslendingasögur
Authors: Heiniger Anna Katharina
Published: January 2021

Although the Íslendingasögur feature countless episodes with saga characters who are wounded and impaired in martial encounters, the sagas are remarkably silent on these (physical) traumas. Indeed, in most cases such injuries and impairments are addressed only in succinct comments, if at all. Nonetheless, longer-term consequences such as dis/ability and social stigma can seriously jeopardise a character’s social standing and reputation (i.e. Bourdieu’s symbolic capital). Although peace negotiations and compensation payments (i.e. Bourdieu’s economic capital) can attempt to restore this imbalance and the social equilibrium more broadly, they cannot relieve a saga character of the experienced trauma. Hence, the trauma keeps evading narrativization, a process mirrored in the narrative prosthesis of the sagas’ silence. It is thus argued that narrative silence has deeply personal implications for the individuals concerned and is potentially an expression of a trauma. In order to penetrate this ‘silence of the limbs’, the article draws on four interlinked methodological approaches that allow for a fruitful interpreting of the taciturnity of the sagas. Starting from the perspective of dis/ability history, the article draws on the key concepts of narrative prosthesis, as articulated by Mitchell and Snyder (2003); Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of capital; and trauma theory.
Road Traffic Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cured or a Continued Threat?
Authors: Amberber Nahomi , Howard Andrew , Winters Meghan , Harris M. Anne , Pike Ian , Machperson Alison , Cloutier Marie-Soleil , Richmond Sarah A. , Hagel Brent , Fuselli Pamela , Rothman Linda
Published: January 2021

Road traffic injury, one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in Canada, declined substantially as an indirect outcome of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policies encouraging people to ‘stay at home’ and ‘practice physical distancing’ precipitated shifts in vehicle volumes and speed, transportation mode, and collision rates. Toronto data from January to June 2020 showed a decrease in road transportation, and a simultaneous decrease in road traffic collisions. However, reduced traffic volumes also led to increased vehicle speeds which can result in an increase in injury severity involving pedestrians and cyclists. As the pandemic progresses, an emphasis on safe, active transportation and equitable distribution of street infrastructure throughout the city is essential. A public health approach to road safety includes implementation of evidence-based road safety infrastructure enabled by access to timely transportation data to evaluate changes made.
A Taxonomy of Australian and New Zealand Paramedic Clinical Roles
Authors: Wilkinson-Stokes Matt
Published: January 2021

Introduction

This article aims to summarise and categorise the current types of frontline paramedics in Australia and New Zealand, their relative scopes of practice, their qualifications and training, and the titles used in each jurisdictional ambulance service.

Methods

Each of the 10 jurisdictional ambulance services were contacted and their current clinical roles discussed with a manager or senior paramedic between June and October 2020. Information was summarised in tables and text.

Results

Minimum qualifications for paramedics range from a diploma to an undergraduate degree, with graduate programs ranging from six to 18 months’ duration. Additional minimum qualifications for Extended Care Paramedics range from no minimum qualifications to a nursing degree. Additional minimum qualifications for Intensive Care Paramedics range from no minimum qualifications to a postgraduate diploma. Additional minimum qualifications for Retrievalists range from no minimum qualifications to a master degree. Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) teams range from primarily physician-led in four services to autonomous paramedics in five services. Armed offender paramedics exist in four services; urban search and rescue paramedics exist in five services; wilderness paramedics exist in five services; CBRNE paramedics exist in three services; mental health paramedics exist in three services. Special Operations variously refers to HEMS, USAR, CBRNE or armed offender. Critical Care variously refers to Intensive Care, HEMS in a physician-led team and autonomous HEMS. Advanced life support refers to paramedics and intensive care. Rescue Paramedic refers to road crash extrication or wilderness paramedics. Flight Paramedic refers to Paramedics or Intensive Care Paramedics, either HEMS or fixed wing.

Conclusion

The jurisdictional ambulance services are heterogenous in the structure, qualifications, training and terminology for their frontline paramedic roles. Due to this lack of consistency, roles for paramedics in Australasia are currently largely incomparable between services, rendering shared titles inoperable from intranational and international perspectives.
Ureaplasma Urealyticum as a Possible Hidden Cause of Couple Infertility
Authors: Fabiani Andrea
Published: January 2021

Currently an high percentage of Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is deemed to be responsible for over 50% of cases of infertility in couples. A large percentage of sexually transmitted disease caused by intracellular germs seems to have a significant influence on couple fertility and in the outcome of In Vitro Fertilization Treatment (IVF). In particular, we considered the Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU) infections. Less clear is their influence on male infertility alone. Several studies reported that UU is present in an high percentage of fertile men, despite being sometimes the likely cause of significant reductions in sperm count number, sperm mobility and morphology