bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex and Sectarianism
Authors: Mikdashi Maya
Published: September 2014

In this essay Mikdashi examines the legal practice of strategic conversion, or religious conversion undertaken in order to make use of different aspects of the Lebanese legal system. Mikdashi illustrates the process of strategic conversion by comparing it to that of correcting one’s sex in the census registry, an act that also changes the network of laws that applies to a citizen. A further comparison is made by introducing the practice of removing one’s madhhab completely from state census registries, a right won by activists for a secular personal status law in March 2009. Through ethnographic and archival research on these practices of strategic conversion, madhhab removal, and the legal “correction” of sex by transsexual citizens, Mikdashi questions what effect the legal and bureaucratic transformation of madhhab or sex has on the identification and/or recognition of a citizen’s sect or gender. Mikdashi teases out the different technologies through which sex, gender, madhhab, and sect are both recognized and practiced in contemporary Lebanon. She calls for the categories of madhhab and sect to be critically reinterrogated, just as the categories of sex and gender were and continue to be.
Palestine and Sovereign Violence
Authors: Sacks Jeffrey
Published: September 2014

Sacks’s essay offers a reading of Sigmund Freud’s Moses and Monotheism to argue that it offers a critique of sovereign violence. Taking as a point of departure the hermeneutic and interpretive violence occasioned in Israel’s “Operation Pillars of Defense” in November 2012, and the statement offered by Israeli Minister Eli Yishai that “the goal of the operation is to send Gaza back to the Middle Ages. Only then will Israel be calm for forty years,” this article considers that violence in relation to the older European, philological legacies it receives and imparts. By considering and drawing upon the readings of Freud’s Moses and Monotheism pursued by Edward W. Said, Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, Michel de Certeau, Judith Butler, and others, Sacks argues that Freud’s text both repeats and teaches us to place in question the categories that operate and render legible acts of sovereign violence in the institution of the colonial state.
For and against the Mediterranean
Authors: Dobie Madeleine
Published: September 2014

Since the landmark intervention of Edward Said, the “Orient” has been widely rejected as a repository of European projections of alterity, and the Mediterranean is variously embraced as a promising framework for cross-cultural relations and transnational scholarship and rejected for its intellectual baggage and propensity to generate “Mediterraneanism.” In the francophone context, the Mediterranean has been a significant yet contentious intellectual category since the waning days of empire. Since the 1980s, with the decline of French power in Europe, the idea of a Mediterranean sphere of influence has held renewed attraction. Economic and political initiatives and educational and cultural projects have promoted transnational exchanges under the auspices of Mediterranean unity. Correspondingly, several Middle Eastern and North African scholars and writers have embraced the Mediterranean as an alternative to monolithic discourses of national, linguistic, and religious identity. Dobie’s essay situates the unique position of the Mediterranean in francophone intellectual culture and critical discourse in the context of colonial and postcolonial history.
Provincializing and Forgetting Ottoman Administrative Legacies
Authors: Oualdi M’hamed
Published: September 2014

In order to reframe our perception of the Mediterranean, Oualdi’s essay connects two aspects of northern African history usually treated separately, namely the historiography of colonialism and the historiography of Ottoman rule. Oualdi explores how the legacies of Ottoman slavery impacted Tunisian society and French colonial administration by uncovering the social strategies of the descendants of mamluks who until the 1840s came from Europe and were converted to Islam in order to serve the Tunisian authorities. These descendants chose different paths: from administrative careers to political opposition. Thus, while some of them stressed certain features of a political culture partly shaped by slavery (obedience, personal loyalty, patronage), others passed on political concepts partly framed by mamluks after the 1840s, such as the notions of “state service,” “the country’s interests,” or the Constitution, which are still relevant today in postrevolutionary Tunisia.
Simultaneous Enhancement of Cs-Adsorption and Magnetic Properties of Prussian Blue by Thermal Partial Oxidation
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Tanaka Hisashi , Minami Nobutsugu , Kurihara Masato , Kawamoto Tohru
Published: September 2014

We demonstrated the simultaneous enhancement of two properties of Prussian blue, Cs-adsorption performance and magnetization, using only thermal partial oxidation. The Cs-adsorption performance and magnetic properties of ammonium iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) n-hydrate, NH4Fe[Fe(CN)6]1−y·zH2O, were investigated before and after heating at 240 °C for 60 min. Both the distribution coefficient in Cs-adsorption, Kd, and the magnetic susceptibility were enhanced by as much as three times. The adsorption improvement is attributed to a partial structural change accompanying the increase of [Fe(CN)6] vacancies, whereas the change of 50% of Fe into the form of FeOx enhanced the susceptibility. The obtained magnetic adsorbent is applicable for Cs uptake from radioactive Cs wastewater using magnetic separation.
Synthesis of Zinc Borate Hollow Nanospheres Using Polymeric Micelles with Core–Corona Architecture as a Template
Authors: Alam Mohammad Mydul , Hashimoto Kimiko , Yamaguchi Chihiro , Yusa Shin-ichi , Nakashima Kenichi
Published: September 2014

Zinc borate hollow nanospheres with diameter of 30 ± 2 nm have been fabricated by using polymeric micelles of poly(styrene-block-acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) as a template. The polymer forms spherical micelles with PS-core and PAA-corona in aqueous solutions, which shows pH-dependent behavior. Zinc borate hollow nanospheres shrink during calcination. FTIR measurements confirm that the template polymer was completely removed during calcination.
On Two Functions of Notions in Scientific Knowledge of Law
Authors: Bekbaev Erzat
Published: September 2014

The function of the concept of law in scientific knowledge is shown as an exact idea about the signs of law distinguishing it from the other objects. Another logical function of concept of law is in the ability to reflect in thoughts more or less complete result, the amount of knowledge about the law. It is argued that the essence of law can be known, provided the pre-obtained full and complete knowledge of the law as a special subject of scientific knowledge. The possibility of using logical principles of the construction of scientific theories in the science theory of law.
Financial-Legal Forms of Positive Bind
Authors: Omelekhina Natalya
Published: September 2014

Considering method of financial law in the view of whole legal ways and instruments, marks the relation’s specific of forming, distribution and using of public funds, proving the key role of positive liability in financial law regulation. Taking the above-mentioned into account, the author considers that there is the existence of positive liabilities both monetary, and non-monetary character in the finance sphere. This fact enables to conclude about a backbone role of monetary positive liabilities in the financial law and about its division into two groups — monetary duties and monetary obligations. The position of the author on a number of the theoretical questions connected with application of positive holdings liable in financial and legal regulation is stated.
Validity of Tax Benefit and «Bad Faith» of Counteragent of Tax Payer
Authors: Titov Aleksey
Published: September 2014

In article the analysis loose is provided in the legislation of the Russian Federation of criteria which taxing and judicial authorities use when carrying out an assessment of validity of application by the taxpayer of tax benefit in cases of «dishonesty» of the contractor of the taxpayer. Approach of the legislator to definition of the concept «integrity» of the taxpayer is investigated. The position of the author on the practical problems arising in the course of use by the taxpayer of the right to use tax benefit is stated. The author of the real work comes to a conclusion that lack of due legal regulation of process of use by the taxpayer of the right for use of tax benefit often allows taxing authorities to resolve an issue of validity of tax benefit at discretion.
Anticorruption Expertise of Municipal Normative Legal Acts: Current State and Search of Ways of Improvement
Authors: Dymberova Erzhena
Published: September 2014

The article analyzes the legislation, governing the subject composition of municipal legal acts anticorruption expertise. There is no compulsory, solid and independent expertise of municipal acts at present time. An attempt to justify the necessity for legal and anti-corruption expertise, when the municipal legal acts are in the federal register, was made. The solution of problems, set out in the article, directly related to the improvement of legislative regulation of powers separation between the different levels of public authority on keeping the Federal Register municipal legal acts.
Legal Regulation of Prohibition of Discrimination in Criminal Legislation of Russia and Moldova
Authors: Semykina Olga
Published: September 2014

The article provides a comparative analysis of the legal measures to combat discrimination in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova. Such a problem as regulation in the criminal law of antidiscrimination is active a large scale. In the Russian criminal legislation important legal guarantee the constitutional principle of equal rights and antidiscrimination is article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Violation of equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen). Meantime, as illustration the analysis of international antidiscrimination standards and trends to expand of these prescriptions in the legislation of CIS states, this criminal norm is far from perfect. The liability for discrimination can not be treated in direction with the commission of using official position. In our view, preventive legal prohibition in the article 136 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will be significantly enhanced if to ask: 1) the return of criminal liability for discrimination of any individuals; 2) criminalization new aggravating circumstances.
Correlation of Responsibility and Sanctions in International Law: Doctrinal Approaches
Authors: Kurdyukov Gennadiy , Keshner Mariya
Published: September 2014

The doctrine of international law lacks a clear estimate on the ratio of the international legal sanctions and international legal responsibility. This moment has been reflected in the variety of theories and views in the domestic and foreign literature. Based on the analysis of the international legal doctrine in the development, three main trends interpretation of international legal sanctions in connection with the problem of international responsibility. It is noted that the ratio of treatment embodiments investigated these legal phenomena blur the boundaries between sanctions and responsibility, preventing improved understanding of the nature of these institutions and the proper understanding of the role of each of them in the system of international regulation. Determined by the provisions of that properly take into account the features of international law and based on the trends of contemporary practice of international relations. Substantiates the necessity making a distinction between the forms of liability and international legal sanctions due not only theoretical but also practical considerations important to ensure that the international legal order. In conclusion, it seems necessary to further progress in the work of the International Law Commission on the codification of international responsibility issues and use of coercive measures.
Works Councils in Russia: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Plamennova Kristina
Published: September 2014

Provisions of the labor legislation were updated by the right of the employer for creation of works councils. The research of structures of non-trade union workers’ representation has special importance for Russian labour law scholarship. This is mostly so because of low efficiency of trade union representation in Russia that is still structurally influenced by centrally-planned economy’ traditions. System of works councils is a fairly complicated institution of labor law, as their activities are closely linked not only to the organization of labor, but also to the economy as well as the sociological aspects of human resource management. The multidimensional inwardness of works councils attached to this institution of labor law special significance, as consequence of their functioning must become strengthening of social dialogue at the level of the organizations and the separated structural divisions, while setting a consensus not only between the parties opposing interests in relation to a particular issue, but also creating a foundation for continuing cooperation in a spirit of cooperation. Creation of works councils is seeking to reinforce social solidarity, more equitable distribution of income between different social classes and sections of the population, increase employees’ interest in the affairs of the company. As part of the dynamic development of social and labor relations non-trade union workers’ representation becomes a key element in the development processes of industrial democracy, having a basis of workers’ participation in administrative decisions in the enterprise, directly affecting their interests, which allows the use of flexible forms of management of the organization, by providing workers the right to information and consultation.
Parasitismo humano por carrapatos na Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Authors: Serra-Freire Nicolau Maués , Sena Laura Morena Mendes de , Borsoi Ana Beatriz Pais
Published: September 2014

Entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2007 foi realizada uma investigação epidemiológica objetivando identificar casos de parasitismo por carrapatos em humanos na comunidade que invadiu e está ocupando Área de Proteção Ambiental – (APA), entre o “Parque Estadual do Maciço da Pedra Branca” e o “Parque Nacional da Floresta da Tijuca” na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Foram comprovados 6.072 casos de ixodidose, relacionados às espécies: Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius), Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, Amblyomma ovale Kock, Amblyomma varium Kock, Ixodes loricatus Neumann e Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) em relação parasitária com moradores do espaço trabalhado. Foram calculados indicadores de saúde relacionados ao coeficiente de prevalência, índice de abundância, coeficiente de dominância, intensidade média de parasitismo, e coeficiente de correlação entre o parasitismo e o sexo, faixa etária, atividade social dos infectados, o risco relativo, e o risco atribuível para o parasitismo, e desenvolvida estatística descritiva para visualização do fenômeno, e estatística analítica dos dados para dar suporte às conclusões. Foi salientada a importância destas espécies de ixodídeos na transmissão de patógenos, bioagentes de doenças infecciosas reincidentes, ou de recém introdução no espaço geopolítico brasileiro.

Human Parasitism for Ticks in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Abstract. From January 1997 to December 2007 was carried out a epidemiologic investigation to identify a cases of parasitism in the human community that is invaded and occupied area of Environmental Protection - (BB), between the “State Park of the Pedra Branca” and “National Park of Tijuca Forest” located in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. These work comprouved 6,072 cases of ixodidosis in relation with species: Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius), Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, Amblyomma ovale Kock, Amblyomma varium Kock, Ixodes loricatus Neumann and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) infected local human living into the space worked. Through an analysis of statistical data demonstrating transcribes the importance of transmission of pathogens and serves as a model for understanding of the human X tick.
Mecistogaster amalia (Burmeister) Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae: First Record from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Authors: Dalzochio Marina Schmidt , Urakami Yuji , Machado Iberê Farina
Published: September 2014

Mecistogaster is a New World genus of Pseudostigmatidae (Odonata) that is poorly studied due to its preference for flying in forest clearings and trails. In Brazil, only one endemic species, Mecistogaster amalia (Burmeister), is known. The distribution of M. amalia extends from Southest Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states) to Argentina. Herein, we report M. amalia for the first time in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. This record extends the species’ range ca. 630 km from the previous report at Paranaense Forest in Misiones province.

Mecistogaster amalia (Burmeister) Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae: Primeiro Registro para o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Resumo. Mecistogaster é um gênero da Família Pseudostigmatidae, restrito ao Novo Mundo e pobremente estudado devido sua preferência por clareiras e trilhas dentro de matas. No Brasil, apenas uma espécie é conhecida, Mecistogaster amalia (Burmeister). A distribuição de M. amalia se estende do sudeste do Brasil (nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo) até a Argentina. Aqui, reportamos pela primeira vez M. amalia para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul State, Sul do Brasil. O presente estudo amplia o registro de ocorrência da espécie em 630 km, a partir do registro anterior na Floresta Paranaense, na Província de Missiones, Argentina.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) from Serra da Jibóia, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Zacca Thamara , Bravo Freddy , Araújo Maíra Xavier
Published: September 2014

A list of species of butterflies from Serra da Jibóia, a mountainous massif in the Recôncavo of Bahia State, is presented based on specimens deposited in the entomological collection Prof. Johann Becker of Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (MZUEFS), results that should contribute with the increment of biodiversity knowledge of the butterfly fauna of the State. The list includes 140 species, 86 of which are new records to Bahia and a new species of genus of Perophthalma Westwood (Riodinidae). Nymphalidae was the richest family with 60 species. Most of the species listed in the present work has a widely geographic distribution in Brazil and occur in open areas.

Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) da Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, Brasil

Resumo. Uma lista das espécies de borboletas da Serra da Jibóia, um maciço montanhoso no Recôncavo baiano, é apresentada com base no exame da coleção entomológica Prof. Johann Becker do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (MZUEFS), visando contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna de borboletas do estado da Bahia. A lista inclui 140 espécies, das quais 86 espécies são novos registros para o estado da Bahia e uma nova espécie do gênero of Perophthalma Westwood (Riodinidae). Nymphalidae foi a família de maior riqueza com 60 espécies. A maioria das espécies listadas possui ampla distribuição geográfica no Brasil e ocorre em áreas abertas.
Miíases Humanas Causadas por Larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) em São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil: Uma Abordagem Sócio-Econômica
Authors: Batista-da-Silva José Antonio , Moya-Borja Gonzalo Efrain , Queiroz Margareth Maria de Carvalho
Published: September 2014

Este estudo foi realizado entre abril e setembro de 2008 e relata a ocorrência de miíases humanas causadas por Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) em São Gonçalo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para a coleta das larvas, foi utilizada vaselina líquida ou sólida para sufocar as larvas, que foram então preservadas em etanol 70% e enviadas para o Instituto Oswaldo Cruz para identificação. As larvas provenientes de três pacientes parasitados, um homem e duas mulheres negros com idade entre 36 a 76 anos, foram identificadas como pertencentes a espécie C. hominivorax. Ferida aberta foi a principal causa da parasitose, e ainda higiene pessoal precária, baixo nível educacional, alcoolismo e paciente acamado foram possivelmente os fatores secundários.

Human Myiasis Caused by Larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil: Socio-Economic Approach

Abstract. This study was carried out between April and September 2008 and reports on the occurrence of human myiasis caused by the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in São Gonçalo in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Liquid or solid vaseline was used to suffocate the larvae, which were then preserved in 70% ethanol and sent to the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz for identification. There were 01 male and 02 females black patients with ages ranging from 36 to 76 and C. hominivorax were identified in all 03 cases of myiasis. Open wounds were the main cause of the parasitosis, whereas poor personal hygiene, the low educational level, alcoholism, bedridden patients were possibly secondary factors.
Ovis aries (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) e Capra hircus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) parasitados por Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) no Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: Cansi Edison Rogerio , De Castro Márcio Botelho , Mustafa Vanessa Silva , Porto Mirna Ribeiro , Borges José Renato
Published: September 2014

A oestrose é uma miíase obrigatória e cavitária de ovinos e caprinos, domésticos e selvagens, causada por larvas da mosca Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus). Este estudo relata a presença de O. ovis na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil como parasitas de caprinos e ovinos. Nós obtivemos seis larvas de ovinos e caprinos suspeitos de oestrose em Brasília. As larvas originaram duas moscas fêmeas adultas de O. ovis, após 20 e 23 dias respectivamente. Este achado está provavelmente associado à expansão e diversificação da agricultura no cerrado do planalto central brasileiro.

Ovis aries (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) and Capra hircus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) infected by Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) in the Federal District, Brazil

Abstract. The Oestrosis is an obligatory and cavitary myiasis of sheep and goat, wild and domestic, caused by the larvae of Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus) fly. This study records the presence of O. ovis in the West Central region of Brazil as parasites of goats and sheep. We obtained six larvae from sheep and goats with suspects of oestrosis in Brasília (Brazil) originate two females adult of O. ovis, after 20 and 23 days respectively of pupation. This finding is probably associated with expansion and diversification of farming in the Cerrado of the Brazilian central plateau.
Avaliação da Atividade Alimentar dos Invertebrados de Solo em Campos do Sul do Brasil – Bait-Lamina Test
Authors: Podgaiski Luciana Regina , Silveira Fernanda Schmidt , Mendonça Jr. Milton
Published: September 2014

Esse trabalho tem como finalidade fornecer informações sobre um teste pioneiro (bait-lamina test) utilizado nos Campos do Sul do Brasil com a finalidade de avaliar a atividade alimentar dos invertebrados do solo – um indicativo de taxas de decomposição da serapilheira nos ecossistemas. Descreve-se o comportamento alimentar durante dois meses, acessando a profundidade do solo (0-8 cm) na qual ocorre maior consumo e analisando duas formas de quantificação deste consumo (técnica conservativa X técnica prática) em dois diferentes ecossistemas campestres. Foram estabelecidas 100 unidades amostrais (u.a.) independentemente em cada área (pastejada e não pastejada), adicionando a cada uma duas bait-lamina, uma disposta horizontalmente na superfície do solo, e outra verticalmente dentro do solo. Para cada data amostral (9, 16, 22, 29 e 65 dias de exposição) foram sorteadas 20 u.a. para análise. Foi observado grande consumo desde o início da exposição, tanto na superfície quanto dentro do solo. A atividade da fauna diferiu com a profundidade do solo, sendo maior na superfície e na profundidade de 6,5-8 cm. Em relação às diferentes técnicas, ambas revelaram resultados similares quando se compararam as duas áreas. A área pastejada demonstrou menor atividade dos invertebrados quando comparada a não pastejada. Esses resultados constituem base para futuras pesquisas no Brasil, relatando que o teste de bait-lamina nos Campos Sulinos pode oferecer resultados otimizados após cerca de uma quinzena de dias de exposição.

Evaluation of Soil Invertebrates Feeding Activity in South Brazilian Campos – Bait Lamina Test

Abstract. The aim of this work is to inform about a pioneer bait-lamina test in the South Brazilian Campos to evaluate the soil invertebrates feeding activity which is an approaching to leaf litter decomposition rates in the ecosystems. The feeding activity was tested during two months, across 8 cm of soil depth and employing a comparison between two techniques of consumption quantification (conservative technique vs. practical technique) in two different grassland areas (grazed and not grazed) were described. One hundred independent sampling units (s.u.) were established on each area, and in each s.u. two bait-lamina were inserted: one horizontally and another vertically. For each sampling date (9, 16, 22, 29 e 65 days of exposition), 20 s.u. were sorted and analyzed. We observed a high feeding activity from the beginning of the experiments, both in the surface and within the soil. Soil fauna feeding activity differed according to soil depth, being higher on the surface and for 6.5-8 cm deep in the soil. Both techniques lead to similar results when the two areas were compared. The grazed site showed lower invertebrate feeding activity than the site not grazed. These findings constitute a basis for future researches in Brazil, relating that the bait-lamina test can offer useful results around fifteen days of exposition.
Miíase por Lucilia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) em Didelphis albiventris (Mammalia: Didelphidae) no Brasil Central
Authors: Cansi Edison Rogerio , Bonorino Rafael
Published: September 2014

Em maio de 2009 foram coletadas 18 larvas de Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), mosca responsável por miíases primárias e secundárias em animais domésticos e seres humanos. As larvas foram retiradas das regiões anal e auricular de um gambá, Didelphis albiventris (Lund), no Zoológico de Brasília, e posteriormente identificadas em laboratório. Após 15 dias emergiram 15 adultos de L. eximia. Este é o primeiro registro desta mosca causando miíase primária em um marsupial no Cerrado de Brasília.

Myiasis by Lucilia eximia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Didelphis albiventris (Mammalia: Didelphidae) in Central Brazil

Abstract. In May 2009 were collected 18 larvae of Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), a fly responsible for primary and secondary myiasis in livestock and humans. The larvae were taken from the myiasis on anal and auricular regions of an opossum Didelphis albiventris (Lund), in Brasília Zoo, and later identified in the laboratory. After 15 days, 15 adults emerged from L. eximia. This is the first record of this blowfly causing a primary myiasis in a marsupial species in the Brasília Cerrado.
Preferência Floral de Vespas (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , Köhler Andreas
Published: September 2014

As vespas integram a comunidade de visitantes florais e podem constituir uma parcela representativa dos polinizadores. Por este motivo, objetivou-se conhecer e analisar a preferência floral das espécies de Vespidae, bem como investigar o uso de recursos florais por estas vespas. Foram realizadas coletas entre o período de 2001 a 2008 em diferentes localidades do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Estrela Velha, Santa Cruz do Sul, São Francisco de Paula e Sinimbu), entre 08:00 a 17:00 horas, utilizando redes entomológicas para a captura dos vespídeos visitando flores. Os espécimes coletados foram depositados na Coleção Entomológica de Santa Cruz do Sul (CESC). Coletou-se 1.483 indivíduos alocados em 73 espécies de vespas, sendo que 78,9% são Polistinae (30 espécies) e 21,1% Eumeninae (43 espécies), visitando as flores de 33 espécies de plantas classificadas em 16 famílias botânicas; as famílias com maior número de espécies vegetais foram Asteraceae (12), Fabaceae (4) e Apiaceae (3). A planta com o maior número de vespídeos coletados foi Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (616), seguida por Eryngium pandanifolium L. (137) e Eryngium horridum Spreng (122). A análise da sobreposição de nicho trófico de 26 espécies que visitaram quatro ou mais floração, mostrou que a sobreposição foi igual ou maior que 50% em apenas seis casos.

Floral Preferences of Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Abstract Wasps integrate the floral visitors’ community and they can constitute a representative portion of the pollinators. For this reason, it was aimed to know and to analyze the floral preference of the Vespidae species and to investigate the use of floral resources for these wasps. The collects were performed between 2001 and 2008 in different localities of Rio Grande do Sul state (Estrela Velha, Santa Cruz do Sul, São Francisco de Paula e Sinimbu) between 08:00 at 17:00 hours, utilizing entomological nets to catch the flower-visiting wasps. The collected specimens were deposited at the Coleção Entomológica de Santa Cruz do Sul (CESC). 1.483 specimens were captured belonging to 73 wasp species, whose 78.9% were Polistinae (30 species) and 21.1% Eumeninae (43 species), visiting the flowers of 33 plant species classified in 16 botanical families; the families with the larger number of plant species were Asteraceae (12), Fabaceae (4) and Apiaceae (3). The plant species with the largest number of wasps collected was Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (616), followed by Eryngium pandanifolium L. (137) and Eryngium horridum Spreng (122). The analysis of the trophic niche overlap of 26 species with four or more visited plant species, showed an overlap equal or higher than 50% in six cases.
Occurrences of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crops under field conditions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Authors: Alonso Rodrigo da Silva , Racca-Filho Francisco , Lima Aurino Florêncio de
Published: September 2014

Brazil is the second world largest cassava producer and the largest one in South America. The aleyrodids, commonly known as whiteflies, are pests that affect cassava crops and might induce economic losses, due to high infestation levels. The objective of this work was to survey the whitefly species that occur feeding on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crops in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Leaf samplings were conducted in five municipalities of the State and the species identification was realised according to morphological characters of the 4th instar nymphs. Among the 16 aleyrodid species described feeding on cassava in the Neotropical region, Aleurothrixus aepim (Göeldi), Bemisia tuberculata Bondar and Trialeurodes manihoti (Bondar) were identified occurring in the State. The species B. tuberculata and T. manihoti  are reported for the first time in the State of Rio de Janeiro, where they were found feeding on cassava crops.

Ocorrências de Moscas-Brancas (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em Lavouras de Mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) sob Condições de Campo no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Resumo. O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor mundial de mandioca e o maior produtor do continente sul americano. Os aleirodídeos, insetos comumente conhecidos como moscas-brancas, são pragas que acometem esta cultura e podem causar prejuízos econômicos, em decorrência de altas infestações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar as espécies de moscas-brancas que ocorrem na cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas amostragens de folhas em lavouras localizadas em cinco municípios do estado e a identificação das espécies foi feita por caracteres morfológicos das ninfas de 4.º instar. Das 16 espécies de aleirodídeos descritas na região Neotropical em plantas de mandioca, três foram identificadas ocorrendo no estado, Aleurothrixus aepim (Göeldi), Bemisia tuberculata Bondar e Trialeurodes manihoti (Bondar). É registrada pela primeira vez no estado a presença das espécies B. tuberculata  e T. manihoti em lavouras de mandioca.
Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado do Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Reis Emiliano De Angelis , Filho Arlindo Serpa , Da Silva Verônica Marchon
Published: September 2014

Inventariou-se a fauna de Chironomidae presente no sul do estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Foram realizadas seis coletas bimestrais em 45 locais de coleta com características lóticas no ano de 2006. O material foi coletado manualmente em diversos ambientes, onde verificou-se a abundância e a constância de Chironomidae. A partir do material coletado identificou-se 511 espécimes, montados em lâminas permanentes. Registramos a ocorrência de 30 gêneros distribuídos em três subfamílias (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae e Tanypodinae). Orthocladiinae foi a mais abundante constituindo 55% do total das larvas identificadas. Cricotopus foi o gênero mais abundante, representando 35,20% das larvas totais identificadas, seguido de Thienemanniella 14,85%, Rheotanytarsus 13,65% e Polypedilum 11,90%. A subfamília que apresentou o maior número de gêneros foi Chironominae com 18. O local de coleta mais abundante foi ENP1 com 70 espécimes, seguido de ENPN15 com 65. Os locais ENPN14 e ENP1 foram os que apresentaram o maior número de gêneros, com 11 em cada, ENP1 apresentou o maior número de gêneros acessórios com seis, seguido de EN147 com três gêneros acessórios. Neste estudo não observamos nenhum gênero constante. Todos os gêneros encontrados constituem novas ocorrências para o estado do Tocantins, sendo que 12, até o momento não possuem espécies descritas para o Brasil.Chironomidae (Diptera) to State of Tocantins, Brazil Abstract. Inventoried to Chironomidae fauna in the southern state of Tocantins, Brazil. Were carried out six collections bimonthly on 45 collection sites with lotic characteristics in 2006. The material was collected manually, at manual sampling in the various environments, where we verified abundance and constancy of Chironomidae. From the collected material was identified 511 specimens mounted on permanent slides. We recorded the occurrence of 30 genera distributed in three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Tanypodinae). Orthocladiinae was the most abundant constituting 55% of total identified larvae. Cricotopus was the most abundant, representing 35.20% of the total identified larvae, followed by Thienemanniella 14.85%, Rheotanytarsus 13.65% and Polypedilum 11.90%. The subfamily with the highest number of genera, was Chironominae with 18. The most abundant collection site, was ENP1 with 70 specimens, followed by ENPN15 with 65. The collection sites ENPN14 and ENP1 were those with the greatest number of genera, with 11 genera each, ENP1 had the largest number of accessories genera with six, followed by EN147 with three accessories genera. In this study we did not observed any constant genera. All genera found are new records for the state of Tocantins, and 12, have not yet described species for Brazil.
Conditions for Innovativeness of Industrial Entrepreneurs in Poland
Authors: Sachpazidu-Wójcicka Karina
Published: September 2014

Strong competition among entrepreneurs forces them to use innovation as the main source of competitive superiority. Dominating role of innovation – the factor of development - forces individual firms to search for the capability of widest use of innovation in their activity. Innovation is a result of specific process, which links up operations like presenting an idea of innovation and implementation of new solution. Proficient management of implementing the innovation process becomes important in creating innovativeness of the company. In order to be able to compete, firms must introduce new technologies, products, services and organizational systems. Nowadays innovation activity driving at bringing new products, processes, new organizational and marketing methods out is one of the most important conditions of firm market success. The paper discusses the concepts of innovativeness and analyses the theoretical conditions for its development, as well as the existing conditions for innovativeness of industrial enterprises in contemporary Poland. The objective of this paper is an analysis of statistical data (GUS) related to technology transfer of industrial entrepreneurs and its influence on innovativeness of firm. This analysis examines the efficiency of innovation activity in Polish industrial companies.
Redefining The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem Within Spatial Econometrics, The Case of the Scale Problem
Authors: Pietrzak Michał Bernard
Published: September 2014

The paper focuses on the issue of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which is frequently discussed within spatial econometrics. This issue concerns the changeability of the characteristics of the analysed phenomena under the impact of the change in the composition of territorial units. The article indicates four conditions which need to be fulfilled if the correctness of spatial analyses is to be maintained. Also, the paper introduces the concept of the quasi composition of regions (QCR). It was defined as a set of particular compositions of territorial units for subsequent aggregation scales. Particular compositions of territorial units are selected in a way that allows a correct analysis within the undertaken research problem to be conducted. The chief asset of the paper is the proposal to redefine the concept of the modifiable areal unit problem. Both the scale problem and the aggregation problem were linked to the accepted quasi composition of regions. The redefinition of the concept is vital for the research conducted since analysing phenomena based on compositions of territorial units which are excluded from the quasi composition of regions leads to the formulation of incorrect conclusions. Within the undertaken research problem there exists only one particular composition of territorial units which allows the identification and description of the dependence for analysed phenomena. Within the considered modifiable areal unit problem two potential problems were defined and they can occur while making spatial analyses. The first is the final areal interpretation problem (FAIP) that occurs when the characteristics of phenomena or the dependence are designated for too large region. The other issue is the aggregation scale interpretation problem (ASIP). It occurs when a quasi composition of regions is enlarged by an aggregation scale where the correctness of the results of the undertaken research problem is not preserved. In both cases it is possible to reach a situation where the obtained characteristics will be deprived of the cognitive value.
Surgical nurses in teaching hospitals in Ireland: understanding pain
Authors: Vickers Niamh , Wright Shelagh , Staines Anthony
Published: September 2014

Background:

Nurses play a crucial role in pain management and must be highly knowledgeable to ensure their practices are of a high standard.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to determine the baseline level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain of nurses working in three teaching hospitals in Dublin.

Methods:

This descriptive study explored the knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding pain management. A modified version of the ‘Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain’ tool was used to collect data. The sample comprised a convenience sample of 94 nurses working in the acute surgical wards of three hospitals.

Findings:

Three per cent of respondents achieved a passing score of 80% or greater. Results revealed that the mean percentage score overall was 65.7%. Widespread knowledge deficits were noted in this study, particularly in the domain of pharmacological management of pain. Further analysis revealed respondents had an inaccurate self-evaluation of their pain management knowledge.

Conclusion:

The results of this study support the concern of inadequate knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding pain. Educational and quality improvement initiatives in pain management should be used, which could foster and enhance nurses’ knowledge base in the area of pain and possibly improve practices.
Nurses’ experiences of the seasonal influenza vaccine in residential care
Authors: Quinn Gemma
Published: September 2014

The experience of nurses who work in the residential elderly care setting regarding the seasonal influenza vaccine is often overlooked, with a paucity of published qualitative studies. The aim of this study is to present an insight into the issues concerning nurses with regard to the seasonal influenza vaccine. The study purposively sampled registered nurses (n=11) working in a large long-term care facility for older people (n=142) in Ireland. Using a broad qualitative research approach, data were collected through interviews, transcribed, analysed and grouped into the following themes: knowing: the seasonal influenza vaccine; mandatory vaccination: balancing autonomy and control; and meaningful education. This study reveals the complexity of issues and concerns for nurses when it comes to the seasonal influenza vaccine. These issues and concerns include influences such as family, friends, peers, the media and how nurses inform themselves. The position of nurses within the organisation and recommendations for meaningful nurse education are also discussed. The findings of this study provide an insight that could inform future influenza policy and education, which should be explored before the introduction of any mandatory influenza campaigns.
Psychology in nursing: an inherent part of practice and care
Authors: Mendes da Mata Aysha
Published: September 2014

In this monthly column, Aysha Mendes explores the many aspects of psychology interwoven into nursing practice. This month, she discusses some of the most commonly encountered from providing patient support to dealing with grief
The CQC-themed review of end-of-life-care
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: September 2014

Professor Alan Glasper discusses and presents aspects from a new initiative by the Care Quality Commission to remove any barriers to optimum end-of-life-care delivery.
Improving ostomates’ confidence with a discharge-solidifying agent
Authors: Slater Rebecca
Published: September 2014

Not every person with a stoma will develop problems or even feel that he or she is unable to manage a stoma independently. However, for the individual who does experience problems and struggles to cope, the stoma nurse is pivotal in providing resources and product experience. He or she can enable the ostomate to adapt to the stoma and maintain their quality of life. This article provides an overview of a solidifying agent and case studies illustrating how it can be used to help patients achieve independence.
Stoma appliances and accessories: getting it right for the patient
Authors: Burch Jennie
Published: September 2014

This article will examine some of the appliances and accessories that can be used to care for a stoma. There are three types of stoma that can be surgically formed and each will be discussed. Furthermore, there will be brief explanations of why stomas might be formed and what the output from each stoma type will be. Complications are associated with stomas, such as sore skin, which is commonly seen within the first few months after the stoma is formed. This important topic is examined and some of the accessories that can be used to treat these issues will be explored. To aid the reader to undertake their own research on the topic, the websites from some of the stoma manufacturers are included. These websites contain more details about appliances, accessories and information for people with a stoma that can be of benefit to nurses too.
Learning, development, and support needs of community palliative care clinical nurse specialists
Authors: Whittaker Evelyn , Kernohan W George , McLaughlin Dorry
Published: September 2014

Background:

The palliative care clinical nurse specialist (PC-CNS) is a core member of the specialist palliative care team. According to professional policy, the role has four specific components: clinical practice, education, research, and leadership and management. Little is known about how to support staff in this role.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore what learning, development, and support PC-CNSs in one hospice need to enable them to fulfil all components of their role.

Design:

Using a descriptive exploratory approach, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of community PC-CNSs from a hospice in Northern Ireland. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.

Findings:

Seventeen interviews were analysed and three themes identified: influence of organisational culture, influence of the individual, and learning and development solutions.

Conclusions:

Participants reported that the PC-CNS role was stressful. They identified that the organisational culture and indeed individuals themselves influenced the learning and development support available to help them fulfil the four components of the role. Working relationships and stability within teams affected how supported individuals felt and had implications for managers in meeting the needs of staff while balancing the needs of the service.
Neuropathic pain in people with cancer (part 1): incidence, manifestation, and assessment
Authors: Taverner Tarnia
Published: September 2014

Many patients with cancer are at risk of experiencing neuropathic pain. This type of pain is complex and therefore requires complex assessment with a focus on impact on quality-of-life issues such as sleep and depression. Nurses are well placed to identify patients with possible signs and symptoms of neuropathic pain and so it is important for nurses to understand neuropathic pain and its manifestation, impact on quality of life, and management. Part 1 of this paper provides an overview of neuropathic cancer pain incidence, manifestation, and assessment; part 2 will address management.
Tourniquet burn: reflecting on a critical incident
Authors: Dickinson Graham , Chambers Simon , Townshend Dave
Published: September 2014

The incidents covered in this article took place in an orthopaedic operating theatre. Similar incidents occurred twice within a couple of weeks while each patient was undergoing lower-limb surgery with a thigh tourniquet. Following surgery, these two patients noticed they had developed blisters around the area in which the tourniquet had been applied. This was suspected by the surgical team to be a tourniquet-associated chemical burn. The authors felt, with two patients having been affected, that they should look into possible reasons. Research on the effectiveness of several different tourniquet covers was undertaken to see which cover was the safest for patient use.
Education in practice: the mentorship process
Authors: Straughan Rebecca
Published: September 2014

Clinical mentorship is a complex procedure underpinned by a variety of literature derived from philosophy, psychology and humanist theory, such as Maslow's hierachy of needs (1943). Further contemporary practice demands that practitioners meet national competency levels in order to undertake the role of clinical mentor, as guided by the documentation of professional bodies ( Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2008a ; College of Operating Department Practitioners (CODP), 2009 ). With the heightened focus on patient experience since the publication of the Mid Staffordshire Report ( Francis, 2013 ), it is imperative that practitioners use the evidence for producing a conducive, but safe, learning environment in order to mentor and cultivate the registered workforce of tomorrow.