bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power Receiving Unit for High-Power Resonant Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Liu Ching-Yao , Tang Hsien-Chung , Shieh Yueh-Tsung , Wu Chih-Chiang , Chieng Wei-Hua , Chang Edward-Yi , Ueda Daisuke
Published: November 2023

A new power receiving unit (PRU) is proposed in this paper for resonant wireless power transfer (WPT), which is characterized by the capability of attracting high power from the power transmitting unit (PTU). The resonant WPT is designed for delivering the electrical power to the PRU attached on an electrical vehicle (EV) chassis 50 cm away from a PTU installed on the ground. The proposed PRU uses only the passive elements such as inductors, diodes, and capacitors, which need no initial power from the EV. It is then applicable for charging a battery to several hundred volts for even a first-time charging battery. For a resonant WPT at a switching frequency of 4 MHz, the proposed PRU behaves as a negative impedance converter (NIC) itself in the subharmonics of 4 MHz. The NIC effect plus the subharmonic oscillation causes an instability current charging the battery connected to the PRU. In this paper, we simulated the PRU and performed the experiment. The experiment demonstrated a battery charging of 150 W from 50 cm away using three D-mode GaN HEMT transistors via the instability current ramp. The power transfer efficiency (PTE) improved as the power delivered to the load (PDL) increased. The peak PTE was 65% in the present findings. The simulation analysis showed that the circuit allowed itself be used to much higher power transfer when it is implemented with more GaN HEMT transistors connected in parallel. The theoretical derivation of the PRU circuit is also used to support both the experimental and simulation results.
Price-Based Demand Response: A Three-Stage Monthly Time-of-Use Tariff Optimization Model
Authors: You Peipei , Li Sitao , Li Chengren , Zhang Chao , Zhou Hailang , Wang Huicai , Zhao Huiru , Zhao Yihang
Published: November 2023

In this research, we developed a three-stage monthly time-of-use (TOU) tariff optimization model to address the concerns of confusing time period division, illogical price setting, and incomplete seasonal element consideration in the previous TOU tariff design. The empirical investigation was conducted based on load, power generation, and electricity pricing data from a typical northwest region in China in 2022. The findings indicate the following: (1) In producing the typical net load curves, the employed K-means++ technique outperformed the standard models in terms of the clustering effect by 4.27–26.70%. (2) Following optimization, there was a decrease of 1900 MW in the maximum monthly abandonment of renewable energy, a decrease of 0.31–53.94% in the peak–valley difference, and a decrease of 2.03–17.27% in the monthly net load cost. (3) By taking extra critical peak and deep valley time periods into account, the average net load cost decreased by 10.36% compared with conventional peak–flat–valley time period division criteria.
Advancing Energy Recovery from Sugarcane Leaf via Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion for Hydrogen and Methane Production: Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Sustainable Energy Production
Authors: Sukphun Prawat , Ponuansri Chaweewan , Wongarmat Worapong , Sittijunda Sureewan , Promnuan Kanathip , Reungsang Alissara
Published: November 2023

This study aims to enhance energy recovery from sugarcane leaf (SCL) through two-stage anaerobic digestion (TSAD) for hydrogen and methane production. The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on this process was investigated. Optimal conditions established through batch experiments (5% total solids (TS) (w/v) and rice straw compost inoculum) were applied in semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR-H2 and CSTR-CH4). Remarkably, the highest production rates were achieved with HRTs of 5 days for CSTR-H2 (60.1 mL-H2/L·d) and 25 days for CSTR-CH4 (238.6 mL-CH4/L·d). Microbiological analysis by 16s rRNA sequencing identified Bacillus as predominant in CSTR-H2 followed by Lactobacillus and Clostridium. Utilizing SCL for TSAD could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2.88 Mt-CO2 eq/year, compared to open-field burning, and mitigate emissions from fossil-fuel-based power plants by 228 kt-CO2 eq/year. This research underscores the potential of TSAD for efficient energy recovery and significant GHG emission reductions.
Impact of Temperature and Moisture on the Decomposition of Peat-Forming Plants: Results of a Two-Year Incubation Experiment
Authors: Nikonova Liliya , Kurganova Irina , Lopes de Gerenyu Valentin , Rogova Olga , Golovatskaya Evgeniya
Published: November 2023

The decomposition rate of plant residues is determined by both abiotic (temperature, moisture) and biotic factors (biochemical composition). To separate the contribution of each factor to the decomposition process, long-term incubation experiments under controlled conditions are required. Two-year incubation experiments were conducted with various types of peat-forming plants (Sphagnum fuscum, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Eriophorum vaginatum, and a mixed sample consisting of 60% Sphagnum fuscum and 40% Chamaedaphne calyculata). The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 2, 12, and 22 °C, with varying moisture levels (W = 30, 60, and 90% of their water-holding capacity). In all plant samples, the highest rates of C(CO2) emission (DecR) were observed in the initial stages of decomposition. The cumulative carbon loss (Ccum) during the experiment ranged from 45 to 196 mgC/g of plant material at 22 °C and 23 to 156 mgC/g of plant material at 2 °C. The decay constant (k) for all plant samples increased with rising temperature. The results of the three-way ANOVA showed that the influence of the examined factors on the cumulative losses of C(CO2) decreased in the following order: the type of plant > temperature > moisture. Throughout the experiment, the influence of the type of plant and moisture on DecR increased, while the effect of temperature decreased. The highest temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 0.71–6.19) was observed in the low-temperature range (2–12 °C) during months 4 to 6 of incubation. These results are relevant for modeling and predicting the rate of transformation of peat organic matter under changing climatic conditions.
Sorption Capabilities of Polypropylene/Modified Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Petková Mária , Ujhelyiová Anna , Ryba Jozef , Hricová Marcela , Kovár Vladimír
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to present the influence of the modification of polypropylene (PP) fibers on the sorption capabilities of the fibers. The physical modification of the PP fibers was made with inorganic nanoadditives in the mass, with a view to improving the properties of silicate composites used in the construction industry. The compositions of the modified PP fibers using two different nanoadditives were based on previous work, as well as the work presented in this paper. The prepared modified PP fibers were compared with pure PP fibers, and their mechanical and thermomechanical properties were evaluated. Another task of this work was to evaluate and compare the sorption capabilities of these fibers without the preparation of concrete blocks. Therefore, the Washburn method was used. However, the obtained results led us to the conclusion that the given method points to the excellent transport properties of PP fibers if such properties are used to evaluate the sorption of the fibers. However, the sorption of the prepared modified fibers could be associated with the nanoadditives used, which have a higher water sorption capacity compared to pure PP fibers, and this could also ensure the higher adhesion of the modified PP fibers with inorganic additives to the cement matrix compared to the adhesion of the hydrophobic PP fibers.
Proposal of Brotulella n. gen. for Monogeneans from the Gills of the Pacific Bearded Brotula Brotula clarkae Hubbs, 1944 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence
Authors: Cruces Celso Luis , Simões Raquel , Maldonado Júnior Arnaldo , Severino Ruperto , Chero Jhon Darly , Luque José Luis
Published: November 2023

Based on morphological and molecular data, Brotulella n. gen. is proposed to accommodate the dactylogyrid monogeneans Brotulella laurafernandae n. sp. (type species) and Brotulella luisahelenae n. sp. on the gill filaments of the Pacific bearded brotula Brotula clarkae Hubbs, 1944 (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) from Puerto Pizarro in the Tumbes region (northern Peru). Species of the new genus are distinguished from all other dactylogyrids by the combination of the following features: (1) anchors with a stocking-shaped sheath associated with the distal end of superficial and deep roots, (2) tandem gonads, (3) a vas deferens looping left intestinal caecum, (4) a distally twisted male copulatory organ (MCO) with a delicate membranous accessory piece articulated to the shaft of the MCO, (5) a U-shaped ovary, (6) an almost sigmoid seminal vesicle, and (7) two prostatic reservoirs with thick muscular walls. A 28S ribosomal DNA-based phylogenetic analysis (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) of sequences of two new species of Brotulella n. gen. from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean, along with sequences from closely related genera of the marine Dactylogyridae, supports the establishment of the new genus for the dactylogyrid parasites on the gills of the Pacific bearded brotula.
Physicochemical Properties of Granular and Gelatinized Lotus Rhizome Starch with Varied Proximate Compositions and Structural Characteristics
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Gu Yiting , Zhang Lichao , Sun Jinjian , Yan Jianan , Wang Ce , Lai Bin , Wu Haitao
Published: November 2023

As a traditional and popular dietary supplement, lotus rhizome starch (LRS) has health benefits for its many nutritional components and is especially suitable for teenagers and seniors. In this paper, the approximate composition, apparent amylose content (AAC), and structural characteristics of five LRS samples from different regions were investigated, and their correlations with the physicochemical properties of granular and gelatinized LRS were revealed. LRS exhibited rod-shaped and ellipsoidal starch granules, with AAC ranging from 26.6% to 31.7%. LRS-3, from Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province, exhibited a deeper hydrogel color and contained more ash, with 302.6 mg/kg iron, and it could reach the pasting temperature of 62.6 °C. In comparison, LRS-5, from Baoshan, Yunnan Province, exhibited smoother granule surface, less fragmentation, and higher AAC, resulting in better swelling power and freeze-thaw stability. The resistant starch contents of LRS-3 and LRS-5 were the lowest (15.3%) and highest (69.7%), respectively. The enzymatic digestion performance of LRS was positively correlated with ash content and short- and long-term ordered structures but negatively correlated with AAC. Furthermore, the color and network firmness of gelatinized LRS was negatively correlated with its ash content, and the retrograde trend and freeze-thaw stability were more closely correlated with AAC and structural characteristics. These results revealed the physicochemical properties of LRS from different regions and suggested their advantages in appropriate applications as a hydrogel matrix.
Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Domestically and Commercially Prepared Food in Singapore
Authors: Shi Raymond Rong Sheng , Shen Ping , Yu Wesley Zongrong , Cai Miaohua , Tay Ai Jin , Lim Ignatius , Chin Yee Soon , Ang Wei Min , Er Jun Cheng , Lim Geraldine Songlen , Wu Yuansheng , Li Angela , Aung Kyaw Thu , Chan Sheot Harn
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the prevalence and occurrence of 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters (GEs) in domestically and commercially prepared food in Singapore and assessed the total dietary exposure for the Singaporean population. Minimal impact on the formation of 3-MCPDEs and GEs was observed from the domestic cooking methods commonly practiced in Singapore such as deep frying and stir frying. The estimated total dietary exposure to 3-MCPDEs for the Singaporean population (aged 15 to 92) was 0.982 µg/kg bw/day for general consumers and 2.212 µg/kg bw/day for high consumers (95th percentile), which accounted for 49.1% and 110.6% of the tolerable dietary intake (TDI) at 2 µg/kg bw/day by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The calculated margins of exposure (MOE) for GEs based on the dietary exposure for general consumers at 0.882 µg/kg bw/day and 2.209 µg/kg bw/day for high consumers were below 10,000, indicating a potential health concern. Our study showed that the occurrence of 3-MCPDEs and GEs varied among vegetable oils, and domestic cooking methods did not significantly impact the levels of 3-MCPDEs and GEs in prepared food. The critical factor influencing the prevalence and occurrence of 3-MCPDEs and GEs was the choice of oil used for cooking, which absorbed into the cooked food. It is essential to encourage the food industry to continue its innovation on mitigation measures to control and reduce 3-MCPDEs and GEs in vegetable oil production. Consumers are advised to make informed choices on food consumption and cooking oil for food preparation to reduce their exposure to 3-MCPDEs and GEs.
Impulsive Controllers Design for the Practical Stability Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks with Distributed Delays
Authors: Cao Jinde , Stamov Trayan , Stamov Gani , Stamova Ivanka
Published: November 2023

This paper studies gene regulatory networks (GRNs) with distributed delays. The essential concept of practical stability of the genes is introduced. We investigate the problems of practical stability and global practical exponential stability of the GRN model under an impulsive control. New practical stability criteria are proposed by designing appropriate impulsive controllers via the Lyapunov functions approach. In the design of the impulsive controller, we consider the effect of impulsive perturbations at fixed times and distributed delays on the stability of the considered GRNs. Several numerical examples are also presented to justify the proposed criteria.
Efficient Inverse Fractional Neural Network-Based Simultaneous Schemes for Nonlinear Engineering Applications
Authors: Shams Mudassir , Carpentieri Bruno
Published: November 2023

Finding all the roots of a nonlinear equation is an important and difficult task that arises naturally in numerous scientific and engineering applications. Sequential iterative algorithms frequently use a deflating strategy to compute all the roots of the nonlinear equation, as rounding errors have the potential to produce inaccurate results. On the other hand, simultaneous iterative parallel techniques require an accurate initial estimation of the roots to converge effectively. In this paper, we propose a new class of global neural network-based root-finding algorithms for locating real and complex polynomial roots, which exploits the ability of machine learning techniques to learn from data and make accurate predictions. The approximations computed by the neural network are used to initialize two efficient fractional Caputo-inverse simultaneous algorithms of convergence orders ς+2 and 2ς+4, respectively. The results of our numerical experiments on selected engineering applications show that the new inverse parallel fractional schemes have the potential to outperform other state-of-the-art nonlinear root-finding methods in terms of both accuracy and elapsed solution time.
On the Existence and Ulam Stability of BVP within Kernel Fractional Time
Authors: Saber Hicham , Imsatfia Moheddine , Boulares Hamid , Moumen Abdelkader , Alraqad Tariq
Published: November 2023

This manuscript, we establish novel findings regarding the existence of solutions for second-order fractional differential equations employing Ψ-Caputo fractional derivatives. The application of Banach’s fixed-point theorem (BFPT) ensures the uniqueness of the solutions, while Schauder’s fixed-point theorem (SFPT) is instrumental in determining the existence of these solutions. Furthermore, we assess the stability of the proposed equation using the Ulam–Hyers stability criterion. To illustrate our results, we provide a concrete example showcasing their practical implications.
Some New Fractional Inequalities for Coordinated Convexity over Convex Set Pertaining to Fuzzy-Number-Valued Settings Governed by Fractional Integrals
Authors: Saeed Tareq , Cătaș Adriana , Khan Muhammad Bilal , Alshehri Ahmed Mohammed
Published: November 2023

In this study, we first propose some new concepts of coordinated up and down convex mappings with fuzzy-number values. Then, Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities via coordinated up and down convex fuzzy-number-valued mapping (coordinated UD-convex FNVMs) are introduced. By taking the products of two coordinated UD-convex FNVMs, Pachpatte-type inequalities are also obtained. Some new conclusions are also derived by making particular decisions with the newly defined inequalities, and it is demonstrated that the recently discovered inequalities are expansions of comparable findings in the literature. It is important to note that the main outcomes are validated using nontrivial examples.
Development and Applications of CO2-Responsive Gels in CO2 Flooding and Geological Storage
Authors: Ding Yanxu , Zhao Yang , Wen Xin , Liu Yueliang , Feng Ming , Rui Zhenhua
Published: November 2023

Gel systems are widely used as plugging materials in the oil and gas industry. Gas channeling can be mitigated by reducing the heterogeneity of the formation and the mobility ratio of CO2 to crude oil. Cracks and other CO2 leaking pathways can be plugged during the geological storage of CO2 to increase the storage stability. By adding CO2-responsive groups to the classic polymer gel’s molecular chain, CO2 responsive gel is able to seal and recognize CO2 in the formation while maintaining the superior performance of traditional polymer gel. The application of CO2 responsive gels in oil and gas production is still in the stage of laboratory testing on the whole. To actually achieve the commercial application of CO2 responsive gels in the oil and gas industry, it is imperative to thoroughly understand the CO2 responsive mechanisms of the various types of CO2 responsive gels, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of the gels and the direction of future development prospects. This work provides an overview of the research progress and response mechanisms of various types of CO2 responsive groups and CO2 responsive gels. Studies of the CO2 responsive gel development, injectivity, and plugging performance are comprehensively reviewed and summarized. The shortcomings of the existing CO2 responsive gels system are discussed and the paths for future CO2 responsive gel development are suggested.
Potential Application of Ovalbumin Gel Nanoparticles Loaded with Carvacrol in the Preservation of Fresh Pork
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Xu Guangwei , Su Yujie , Rao Shengqi
Published: November 2023

Plant essential oil has attracted much attention in delaying pork spoilage due to its safety, but its low antibacterial efficiency needs to be solved by encapsulation. Our previous research had fabricated a type of ovalbumin gel nanoparticles loaded with carvacrol (OCGn-2) using the gel-embedding method, which had a high encapsulation rate and antibacterial activity. The main purpose of this study was to further evaluate the stability and slow-release characteristics of OCGn-2 and potential quality effects of the nanoparticles on the preservation of fresh pork pieces during 4 °C storage. The particle test showed that the nanoparticles had better heat stability below 85 °C and salt stability below 90 mM. The in vitro release study indicated that the carvacrol in OCGn-2 followed a Fickian release mechanism. The pork preservation test suggested that the OCGn-2 coating treatments could remarkably restrict the quality decay of pork slices compared to free carvacrol or a physical mixture of ovalbumin and carvacrol treatment. Nano-encapsulation of ovalbumin is beneficial to the sustained release, enhanced oxidation resistance, and improved antibacterial activity of carvacrol. The study suggested that ovalbumin gel nanoparticles embedded with carvacrol could be applied as an efficient bacterial active packaging to extend the storage life of pork.
Determinants of Self-Rated Health Disparities among Independent Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Age-Stratified Analysis
Authors: Iwata Yuka , Yokoyama Ayuka , Oe Nanami , Ito Eriko , Arimoto Azusa , Tanaka Yuko , Tadaka Etsuko
Published: November 2023

In response to the distinctive healthcare requirements of independent, healthy, community-dwelling older adults in Japan and other developed countries with aging populations, the current study examined the differences in factors associated with self-rated health (SRH) between the following two age groups: young–old (65–74) and old–old (75 and above). Age-stratified analysis was used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique health challenges faced by these demographic segments and to inform the development of targeted interventions and health policies to improve their well-being. The results of a cross-sectional study of 846 older adults in Yokohama, Japan, who completed self-administered questionnaires, revealed that high SRH was consistently linked with the low prevalence of concurrent medical issues in both age groups (<75 and ≥75) (β: −0.323, p < 0.001 in the <75 group; β: −0.232, p < 0.001 in the ≥75 group) and increased subjective well-being (β: 0.357, p < 0.001 in the <75 group; β: 0.244, p < 0.001 in the ≥75 group). Within the ≥75 age group, higher SRH was associated with more favorable economic status (β: 0.164, p < 0.001) and increased engagement in social activities (β: 0.117, p = 0.008), even after adjusting for age, sex, and economic status. These findings may inform the development of targeted interventions and policies to enhance the well-being of this growing population in Japan and other developed countries.
Workout with a Smartwatch: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Effects of Smartwatch Attributes on Flow Experience and Exercise Intentions Depending on Exercise Involvement
Authors: Oh Jihyeon , Kim Daehwan
Published: November 2023

Smartwatches are emerging as effective tools to promote exercise and physical activities in the healthcare industry. However, little is known about how smartwatch attributes facilitate exercise and for whom such attributes are more effective for exercise. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the structural relationship between smartwatch attributes, flow experience, and continued exercise intentions and to examine the moderating role of exercise involvement in the structural relationship. For this, a total of 600 participants were recruited via a professional survey firm in South Korea based on a multi-stage random sampling method and used for data analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and multi-group SEM. All survey items were adopted from the existing literature on healthcare, flow experience, and wearable device technologies. The results revealed that smartwatch attributes, including interactivity (γ = 0.234, p < 0.001/γ = 0.235, p < 0.001), autonomy (γ = 0.225, p < 0.001/γ = 0.172, p < 0.001), wearability (γ = 0.104, p < 0.05/γ = 0.106, p < 0.05), convenience (γ = 0.209, p < 0.001/γ = 0.214, p < 0.001), and experiential novelty (γ = 0.221, p < 0.001/γ = 0.281, p < 0.001) enhanced flow experience (absorption/enjoyment) during exercise. Furthermore, flow experience (absorption/enjoyment) was found to positively influence exercise intention (β = 0.511, p < 0.001/β = 0.239, p < 0.001). Lastly, exercise involvement was found to modulate the structural relationships among smartwatch attributes, flow experience, and exercise intention (∆χ2 = 23.231, ∆df = 12, p < 0.05). By investigating these dynamics, this study contributes to shared knowledge not only in the healthcare literature but also in the wearable-technology literature. The results of the current study also provide useful guidelines for practitioners in the wearable-device and healthcare industries to develop optimal features of smartwatches for exercise and physical activities.
Characterization and Analysis of the Mortars of the Church of San Francisco of Quito (Ecuador)
Authors: Lara Calderón M. Lenin , del Pino Inés , López-Andrés Sol , Sanz-Arauz David
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the Franciscan community is reflected in the San Francisco church in Quito, which was built between 1535 and 1755. This architectural work belonging to the Franciscan complex was implanted on a plot of land with an area of 3.5 hectares and was one of the first buildings in the Audience of Quito. Eleven mortar samples that covered the walls of the central nave and side chapels were taken from the church’s main temple. The procedure proposed by the authors is based on a combined methodology following the standards and protocols for the less-invasive extraction of heritage samples. Tests included X-ray diffraction, petrography, and scanning electron microscopy with a microanalysis of the samples. Mortars with a rustic composition and rough manufacturing were identified to differentiate two types of mortar, one of earthen with volcanic aggregates and another of lime with volcanic aggregates. The mining data validated the existing historical documentation, the imaginary process, and the stages of the established constructions.
Query Model Framework Design for Conservation History and Endowments Database: A Case Study on the Digitization of the Sumedang Larang Kingdom’s History and Endowments in Indonesia
Authors: Sudrajat Raden , Ruchjana Budi Nurani , Abdullah Atje Setiawan , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: November 2023

The use of structured query formulation languages is a method for gaining access to data in information management systems. Writing structured queries is a powerful method of data retrieval, and end users can generate complex database queries by becoming proficient in a particular query language. Digitization of database information systems, history and endowment, and technology conservation are some examples of database conservation techniques in the process of displaying data that require optimal query techniques. Historical and endowment properties comply with a certain set of laws governing waqf recipients, which sets them apart from heritage and cultural assets. Trusted property typically comprises real estate, valuables, or both and has an infinite preservation term so long as it may still be put to use. A solid information technology infrastructure is essential for ensuring comprehensive data security. Given the availability of knowledge and the quick development of information technology, ensuring its sustainability is a challenge. This research is aimed at preserving historical and waqf databases based on the case study of the Kingdom of Sumedang Larang (KSL), Indonesia, through examination of the database, synchronization of digital data with physical data, as well as looking at its relationship with organizations and management. The proposed method, namely the Design and Analysis of Database Query Model for Preservation Information System (DAQMP), creates a recurring query model from the original tabular data placed in the next table as a special table check for data specifications containing important data. The results must be accurately aligned between digital and physical records regularly to serve as a record of any changes and as evidence to determine whether data has been corrupted, altered, or lost.
Recent Advances in the Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Rice Resistance to Brown Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)
Authors: Shi Shaojie , Wang Huiying , Zha Wenjun , Wu Yan , Liu Kai , Xu Deze , He Guangcun , Zhou Lei , You Aiqing
Published: November 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of Earth’s population. Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is a host-specific pest of rice responsible for inducing major losses in rice production. Utilizing host resistance to control N. lugens is considered to be the most cost-effective method. Therefore, the exploration of resistance genes and resistance mechanisms has become the focus of breeders’ attention. During the long-term co-evolution process, rice has evolved multiple mechanisms to defend against BPH infection, and BPHs have evolved various mechanisms to overcome the defenses of rice plants. More than 49 BPH-resistance genes/QTLs have been reported to date, and the responses of rice to BPH feeding activity involve various processes, including MAPK activation, plant hormone production, Ca2+ flux, etc. Several secretory proteins of BPHs have been identified and are involved in activating or suppressing a series of defense responses in rice. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of rice–BPH interactions. We also discuss research progress in controlling methods of brown planthoppers, including cultural management, trap cropping, and biological control. These studies contribute to the establishment of green integrated management systems for brown planthoppers.
Chromosomal Instability in Gastric Cancer: Role in Tumor Development, Progression, and Therapy
Authors: Nemtsova Marina V. , Kuznetsova Ekaterina B. , Bure Irina V.
Published: November 2023

According to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), gastric cancers are classified into four molecular subtypes: Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV+), tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), tumors with chromosomal instability (CIN), and genomically stable (GS) tumors. However, the gastric cancer (GC) with chromosomal instability remains insufficiently described and does not have effective markers for molecular and histological verification and diagnosis. The CIN subtype of GC is characterized by chromosomal instability, which is manifested by an increased frequency of aneuploidies and/or structural chromosomal rearrangements in tumor cells. Structural rearrangements in the CIN subtype of GC are not accidental and are commonly detected in chromosomal loci, being abnormal because of specific structural organization. The causes of CIN are still being discussed; however, according to recent data, aberrations in the TP53 gene may cause CIN development or worsen its phenotype. Clinically, patients with the CIN subtype of GC demonstrate poor survival, but receive the maximum benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the review, we consider the molecular mechanisms and possible causes of chromosomal instability in GC, the common rearrangements of chromosomal loci and their impact on the development and clinical course of the disease, as well as the driver genes, their functions, and perspectives on their targeting in the CIN subtype of GC.
Unveiling Distinct Proteomic Signatures in Complicated Crohn’s Disease That Could Predict the Disease Course
Authors: Lucaciu Laura A. , Seicean Radu , Uifălean Alina , Iacobescu Maria , Iuga Cristina A. , Seicean Andrada
Published: November 2023

Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by a chronic, progressive inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract often leading to complications, such as strictures and fistulae. Currently, there are no validated tools anticipating short- and long-term outcomes at an early stage. This investigation aims to elucidate variations in protein abundance across distinct CD phenotypes with the objective of uncovering potential biomarkers implicated in disease advancement. Serum samples collected from 30 CD patients and 15 healthy age-matched controls (HC) were subjected to depletion of highly abundant proteins and to a label-free mass spectrometry analysis. Twenty-four proteins were shown to be significantly different when comparing CD with HC. Of these, WD repeat-containing protein 31 (WDR31), and proteins involved in the acute inflammatory response, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) and serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), were more abundant in the aggressive subgroup. Against standard biomarkers, a positive correlation between SAA1 and WDR31 and C-reactive protein (CRP) was found. In this study, a unique serum biomarker panel for aggressive CD was identified, which could aid in predicting the disease course.
Ability of Antibodies Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles to Bind Small Antigen Fluorescein
Authors: Sotnikov Dmitriy V. , Byzova Nadezhda A. , Zherdev Anatoly V. , Dzantiev Boris B.
Published: November 2023

The analytical applications of antibodies are often associated with their immobilization on different carriers, which is accompanied by a loss of antigen-binding activity for a sufficient proportion of the bound antibodies. In contrast to data on plain carriers, minimal data are available on the properties of antibodies on the surfaces of nanoparticles. Protein antigens have been predominantly investigated, for which space restrictions do not allow them to occupy all active sites of immobilized antibodies. This study considered a low-molecular-weight compound, fluorescein, as an antigen. Spherical gold nanoparticles with five different sizes, two differently charged forms of fluorescein, and three different levels of surface coverage by immobilized antibodies were tested. For gold nanoparticles with diameters from 14 to 35.5 nm with monolayers of immobilized antibodies, the percentage of molecules capable of binding carboxyfluorescein varied from 6% to 17%. The binding of aminofluorescein was more efficient; for gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 21 nm, the percentage of active binding sites for the immobilized antibodies reached 27% compared with 13% for the carboxyfluorescein case. A fourfold reduction in the coverage of the nanoparticles’ surface compared with that of the monolayer did not lead to reliable changes in the percentage of active binding sites. The obtained data demonstrate that an antigen’s binding to immobilized antibodies is limited even for small antigens and depends on the size of the nanoparticles and the electrostatic repulsion near their surface.
Role of the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Axis in Diseases
Authors: Perks Claire M.
Published: November 2023

The insulin-like growth factor axis is a multifaceted, complex system that comprises two ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, receptors (IGF-1R, IGF-IIR, insulin receptor isoforms IR-A and B, and hybrid receptors) six high affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs 1–6), and IGFBP proteases [...]
Role of Polymer Concentration on the Release Rates of Proteins from Single- and Double-Network Hydrogels
Authors: Browne Daryn , Briggs Francesca , Asuri Prashanth
Published: November 2023

Controlled delivery of proteins has immense potential for the treatment of various human diseases, but effective strategies for their delivery are required before this potential can be fully realized. Recent research has identified hydrogels as a promising option for the controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins, owing to their ability to respond to diverse chemical and biological stimuli, as well as their customizable properties that allow for desired delivery rates. This study utilized alginate and chitosan as model polymers to investigate the effects of hydrogel properties on protein release rates. The results demonstrated that polymer properties, concentration, and crosslinking density, as well as their responses to pH, can be tailored to regulate protein release rates. The study also revealed that hydrogels may be combined to create double-network hydrogels to provide an additional metric to control protein release rates. Furthermore, the hydrogel scaffolds were also found to preserve the long-term function and structure of encapsulated proteins before their release from the hydrogels. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the significance of integrating porosity and response to stimuli as orthogonal control parameters when designing hydrogel-based scaffolds for therapeutic protein release.
Ambroxol-Enhanced Frequency and Amplitude of Beating Cilia Controlled by a Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channel, Cav1.2, via pHi Increase and [Cl−]i Decrease in the Lung Airway Epithelial Cells of Mice
Authors: Nakahari Takashi , Suzuki Chihiro , Kawaguchi Kotoku , Hosogi Shigekuni , Tanaka Saori , Asano Shinji , Inui Toshio , Marunaka Yoshinori
Published: November 2023

Ambroxol (ABX), a frequently prescribed secretolytic agent which enhances the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary bend angle (CBA, an index of amplitude) by 30%, activates a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (CaV1.2) and a small transient Ca2+ release in the ciliated lung airway epithelial cells (c-LAECs) of mice. The activation of CaV1.2 alone enhanced the CBF and CBA by 20%, mediated by a pHi increasei and a [Cl−]i decrease in the c-LAECs. The increase in pHi, which was induced by the activation of the Na+-HCO3− cotransporter (NBC), enhanced the CBF (by 30%) and CBA (by 15–20%), and a decrease in [Cl−]i, which was induced by the Cl− release via anoctamine 1 (ANO1), enhanced the CBA (by 10–15%). While a Ca2+-free solution or nifedipine (an inhibitor of CaV1.2) inhibited 70% of the CBF and CBA enhancement using ABX, CaV1.2 enhanced most of the CBF and CBA increases using ABX. The activation of the CaV1.2 existing in the cilia stimulates the NBC to increase pHi and ANO1 to decrease the [Cl−]i in the c-LAECs. In conclusion, the pHi increase and the [Cl−]i decrease enhanced the CBF and CBA in the ABX-stimulated c-LAECs.
Natural Functional Beverages as an Approach to Manage Diabetes
Authors: Carvalho Filomena , Lahlou Radhia Aitfella , Pires Paula , Salgado Manuel , Silva Luís R.
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit and vegetables is advised to prevent diabetes since they contain several bioactive compounds. A simple and effective strategy to include them in the diets of diabetic and obese people is through beverages. This review aims to report the anti-diabetic potentials of different vegetable and fruit beverages. These functional beverages demonstrated in vitro potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to improve glucose uptake. In vivo, beverage consumption showed a reduction of blood glucose, increase of insulin tolerance, improvement of lipid profile, control of obesity, and reduction of oxidative stress. This suggests the potential of vegetable- and fruit-based functional beverages to be used as a natural innovative therapy for the management of diabetes.
Histone Acetyltransferase and Deacetylase Inhibitors—New Aspects and Developments
Authors: Ibrahim Hany S. , Sippl Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Epigenetic processes modulate gene transcription and genomic stability, ensuring proper cell development and differentiation [...]
Discovery of GABA Aminotransferase Inhibitors via Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Park Jinyoung , Lee Yuno , Han Eun-Taek , Park Won Sun , Han Jin-Hee , Kwon Yong-Soo , Lee Hee-Jae , Chun Wanjoo
Published: November 2023

γ-Aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that degrades γ-aminobutyric (GABA) in the brain. GABA is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays important neurological roles in the brain. Therefore, GABA-AT is an important drug target that regulates GABA levels. Novel and potent drug development to inhibit GABA-AT is still a very challenging task. In this study, we aimed to devise novel and potent inhibitors against GABA-AT using computer-aided drug design (CADD) tools. Since the crystal structure of human GABA-AT was not yet available, we utilized a homologous structure derived from our previously published paper. To identify highly potent compounds relative to vigabatrin, an FDA-approved drug against human GABA-AT, we developed a pharmacophore analysis protocol for 530,000 Korea Chemical Bank (KCB) compounds and selected the top 50 compounds for further screening. Preliminary biological analysis was carried out for these 50 compounds and 16 compounds were further assessed. Subsequently, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and binding free energy calculations were carried out. In the results, four predicted compounds, A07, B07, D08, and H08, were found to be highly potent and were further evaluated by a biological activity assay to confirm the results of the GABA-AT activity inhibition assay.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the DC1 Domain Protein Gene Family in Tomatoes under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Li Guobin , Dang Jiao , Pan Jiaqi , Liu Jingyi , Peng Tieli , Chen Guo , Wang Rongqun , Hu Songshen , Li Xiaojing , Hu Xiaohui
Published: November 2023

DC1 (Divergent C1) domain proteins are a new class of proteins that have been discovered in recent years, which play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to better study the distribution and function of DC1 domain proteins in tomatoes, a genome-wide identification was conducted. It was found that there are twenty-one DC1 domain protein genes distributed on nine chromosomes of tomatoes, named SlCHP1-21. Phylogenetic analysis shows that twenty-one SlCHP genes are divided into six subfamilies. Most of the SlCHP genes in tomatoes have no or very short introns. All SlCHP proteins, with the exception of SlCHP8 and SlCHP17, contain variable amounts of C1 domain. Analysis of the SlCHP gene promoter sequence revealed multiple cis-elements responsive to plant stress. qRT-CR analysis showed that most members of SlCHP gene expressed in the roots. The SlCHP11, 13, 16, 17, and SlCHP20 genes showed specific responses to high temperature, low temperature, salt, and drought stress. In addition, the subcellular localization and interaction proteins of SlCHP were analyzed and predicted. Together, these results provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the function and mechanism of the SlCHP gene in tomatoes.
Genome-Wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of the FtsH Gene Family in Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Shan Qi , Zhou Baihui , Wang Yuanxin , Hao Feiyu , Zhu Lin , Liu Yuhan , Wang Nan , Wang Fawei , Li Xiaowei , Dong Yuanyuan , Xu Keheng , Zhou Yonggang , Li Haiyan , Liu Weican , Gao Hongtao
Published: November 2023

The filamentation temperature-sensitive H (FtsH) gene family is critical in regulating plant chloroplast development and photosynthesis. It plays a vital role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Although FtsH genes have been identified in a wide range of plants, there is no detailed study of the FtsH gene family in soybean (Glycine max). Here, we identified 34 GmFtsH genes, which could be categorized into eight groups, and GmFtsH genes in the same group had similar structures and conserved protein motifs. We also performed intraspecific and interspecific collinearity analysis and found that the GmFtsH family has large-scale gene duplication and is more closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana. Cis-acting elements analysis in the promoter region of the GmFtsH genes revealed that most genes contain developmental and stress response elements. Expression patterns based on transcriptome data and real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of the GmFtsH genes were expressed at the highest levels in leaves. Then, GO enrichment analysis indicated that GmFtsH genes might function as a protein hydrolase. In addition, the GmFtsH13 protein was confirmed to be localized in chloroplasts by a transient expression experiment in tobacco. Taken together, the results of this study lay the foundation for the functional determination of GmFtsH genes and help researchers further understand the regulatory network in soybean leaf development.
Generating Bone Marrow Chimeric Mouse Using GPR120 Deficient Mouse for the Study of DHA Inhibitory Effect on Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption
Authors: Ma Jinghan , Kitaura Hideki , Ohori Fumitoshi , Noguchi Takahiro , Marahleh Aseel , Kinjo Ria , Kanou Kayoko , Ren Jiayi , Miura Mariko , Narita Kohei , Mizoguchi Itaru
Published: November 2023

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that exerts physiological effects via G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). In our previous studies, we figured out the inhibitory effects of DHA on TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α)-induced osteoclastogenesis via GPR120 in vivo. Moreover, DHA directly suppressed RANKL expression in osteoblasts via GPR120 in vitro. In this study, we generated bone marrow chimeric mice using GPR120 deficient mice (GPR120-KO) to study the inhibitory effects of DHA on bone resorption and osteoclast formation. Bone marrow cells of wild-type (WT) or GPR120-KO mice were transplanted into irradiated recipient mice, which were WT or GPR120 deficient mice. The resulting chimeric mice contained stromal cells from the recipient and bone marrow cells, including osteoclast precursors, from the donor. These chimeric mice were used to perform a series of histological and microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses after TNF-α injection for induction of osteoclast formation with or without DHA. Osteoclast number and bone resorption were found to be significantly increased in chimeric mice, which did not express GPR120 in stromal cells, compared to chimeric mice, which expressed GPR120 in stromal cells. DHA was also found to suppress specific signaling pathways. We summarized that DHA suppressed TNF-α-induced stromal-dependent osteoclast formation and bone resorption via GPR120.
ChatGPT in Education: Empowering Educators through Methods for Recognition and Assessment
Authors: de Winter Joost C. F. , Dodou Dimitra , Stienen Arno H. A.
Published: November 2023

ChatGPT is widely used among students, a situation that challenges educators. The current paper presents two strategies that do not push educators into a defensive role but can empower them. Firstly, we show, based on statistical analysis, that ChatGPT use can be recognized from certain keywords such as ‘delves’ and ‘crucial’. This insight allows educators to detect ChatGPT-assisted work more effectively. Secondly, we illustrate that ChatGPT can be used to assess texts written by students. The latter topic was presented in two interactive workshops provided to educators and educational specialists. The results of the workshops, where prompts were tested live, indicated that ChatGPT, provided a targeted prompt is used, is good at recognizing errors in texts but not consistent in grading. Ethical and copyright concerns were raised as well in the workshops. In conclusion, the methods presented in this paper may help fortify the teaching methods of educators. The computer scripts that we used for live prompting are available and enable educators to give similar workshops.