bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic Deposition of Sol-Gel Derived V2O5 Microparticles and Its Application for Cathodes for Li-Secondary Batteries
Authors: Matsuda Atsunori , Higashi Y. , Tadanaga Kiyoharu , Minami T. , Tatsumisago Masahiro
Published: March 2009

V2O5 microparticles of 0.3-0.6 μm in diameter were prepared from VO(O-C3H7
i)3 in an
ethanol solution by the sol-gel method. The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) and acetyl acetone into
the sols was effective to control the size and spherical shape of V2O5 particles. The particles thus
obtained were amorphous having a layered structure with hydrated water, and transformed into an
orthorhombic phase at 500°C through a glassy state. The microparticles were positively charged in
I2-containing acetone, so that they were electrophoretically deposited on the cathode with applied DC
voltage. The prepared particles were used as a cathode in an electrochemical cell with a lithium metal
as an anode. Discharge capacity of a rechargeable cell of Li / LiPF6 (ethylene carbonate + diethylene
carbonate) / V2O5 -based composite was 110-180 mAh g-1 when the potential range and current
density were 2-4 V and 0.1 mAcm-2, respectively.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes on Metallic Surfaces
Authors: Thomas B.J.C. , Shaffer M.S.P. , Freeman Sarah , Koopman M. , Chawla Krish K. , Boccaccini Aldo Roberto
Published: March 2009

A method based on electrophoretic deposition has been developed to produce uniform deposits of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on stainless steel substrates. Aqueous suspensions were used under constant voltage conditions in the range of 5 to 50 V, with deposition times ranging from 0.5 to 10 minutes. The thickness of the coatings was controlled by variation of voltage and deposition time during EPD. Coatings of up to 100μm thickness were achieved, which exhibit homogeneous microstructure. The EPD technique is fast, cost-effective, and it can be applied to complex shapes. Possible applications of CNT coatings are in heat extraction devices or porous nanostructured coatings for tissue engineering scaffolds.
EPD of Metallic Silver Particles: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Zarbov Martin , Brandon David , Gal-Or Leah , Cohen Nissim
Published: March 2009

Cerel has devoted the past several years to the development of prototype microcomponents
for the electronics industry based on EPD processing. The present contribution
summarizes some problems Cerel has experienced in the integration of EPD for metallic silver
particles into a viable production process. In particular, the parameters that need to be controlled
due to the metallic nature of the silver particles have been analyzed.
Selection of a metallic silver powder suitable for EPD is the key factor. An appropriate particle size
and shape, as well as a controlled size distribution, significantly improves the green density of the
deposit. Metallic silver particles in a suspension tend to aggregate, especially when exposed to an
electric field. This leads to premature sedimentation, as well as low green densities for the
electrophoretic deposit. The following factors were found to contribute significantly to preventing
premature sedimentation:
• The replacement of pure silver by palladium-coated silver particles.
• Dispersion preparation in a high viscosity medium of low dielectric constant.
• The presence of steric, electrosteric and ceramic oxide additives in the siver powder
dispersion.
Finally, control of the solids loading and particle size distribution in the suspension, and the
geometrical design of the EPD cell, including the counter-electrodes, were also shown to be
important for the successful electrophoretic deposition of silver particles in the commercial
production of micro-components by EPD.
The Research on the Method of Ultrasonic and Electric Spark Combined to Machine Diamond Cupping Mould
Authors: Rui Yan Nian , Wang Ming , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

As we know, it is a useful method to prolong cupping mould lifecycle by employing
diamond as cupping mould, especially to cupping mould of cupping horniness material. However,
the machining of diamond cupping mould is always difficult. The paper intends to use the method
of ultrasonic and electric spark combined to process diamond cupping mould. Based on the theory
research and experiment, a satisfied result is attained. The experiment proves that the method is
feasible, which decreases not only the chances of short-circuit in the process but also the energy
consumption and improves machining efficiency significantly. These advantages are obvious.
Effect of Nano-Scale TiN on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Si3N4 Based Ceramic Tool Materials
Authors: Zou Bin , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Liu Bing Qiang
Published: March 2009

An effect of nano-scale TiN grains on the mechanical properties and microstructure of
Si3N4 based ceramic tool materials is investigated at the different sintering temperature. Compared
to monolithic Si3N4 ceramic tool materials, the sintering temperature is decreased and mechanical
properties is enhanced when only one percent of nano-scale TiN in term of mass is added into the
Si3N4 matrix. The optimum mechanical properties are achieved when Si3N4/TiN nanocomposites
tool materials were sintered at the sintering conditions of 1650, 30MPa and holding time of
40min. The flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness are 1018.2MPa, 8.62MPa⋅m1/2 and
14.58GPa respectively. SEM micrographs indicate that microstructure is composed of the elongated
and equiaxed β-Si3N4 grains, and some nano-scale TiN grains are enveloped into matrix grains.
Experimental Study on the Laser Direct Fabrication of Stainless Steel Components
Authors: Song Jian Li , Deng Qi Lin , Chen C.Y. , Hu De Jin
Published: March 2009

Experimental study on the laser direct fabrication (LDF) of stainless steel powder is carried out. Microstructure and properties of the deposited components are analyzed and tested with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) etc. Cracking generation mechanisms of this material are investigated, corresponding cracking control strategies have been proposed. Finally, fully dense stainless steel components free of defects and with perfect comprehensive mechanical properties have been produced.
Study on Motion Model of Abrasive Particle and Surface Formation Mechanics under Two Dimensional Ultrasonic Grinding
Authors: Zhao Bo , Yan Yan Yan , Wu Yan , Jiao Feng , Liu C.S.
Published: March 2009

This paper worked on two dimensional ultrasonic grinding system with workpiece
adhered to ultrasonic vibration. It analyzed the working locus of abrasive particle under two
dimensional ultrasonic grinding (TDUG), and emulated the working course, and gave the key
parameters affecting grinding efficiency and grinding locus’s characteristic under different grinding
parameters, and brought forward the cutting course between abrasive particle and workpiece under
TDUG belongs to an new rotating dynamic contact cutting model. At the same time, it put forward
the theoretically critical speed condition under TDUG to obtain the optimum grinding effect, and
verified good micro-feature of finished surface under TDUG by the means of grinding tests of nano
ZrO2 ceramics.
PCBN Tool Wear Mechanism in Hard Turning Hardened Bearing Steel
Authors: Dai S.J. , Wen Dong Hui , Yuan Ju Long
Published: March 2009

The wear pattern and mechanism during continuous hard turning GCr15 hardened
bearing steel with BZN8200 PCBN cutting tool was studied. Experimental results showed that the
main wear pattern is crater wear in rake face and mechanical wear in flank face, the main wear
mechanism is made-up with adhesive, oxidization and diffusive wear. The adhesive wear is
generated by melt workpiece material flows with binder material of PCBN tool during initial cutting,
oxidative wear is derived by cutting temperature and pressure of cutting zone when the flank wear
increase after initial cutting, diffusive wear phenomenon is the absolute mechanism with the
diffusive effect between workpiece and tool material in final cutting time.
Numerical Simulation of Stretch Bending Process and Springback for T Section Aluminum Extrusions
Authors: Chen Ming He , Gao Lin , Mao H.H. , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

In order to improve the forming precision of the stretch bending process for T section
aluminum extrusions and meet the fine forming requirement of the aerostat blank parts, the
elongation controlled stretch bending process finite element model is proposed, which is based on
the basic principle of the stretch bending forming with respect to A-7B CNC Section Stretch Wrap
Forming Machine by analyzing various factors that influence the qualities of stretch bending parts,
and the numerical simulation of the stretch bending process and spring back for T section aluminum
extrusions is carried out. The results of simulation show that the pre-stretching elongation has a
major effect on stretch bending parts and finite post-stretching elongation helps to improve the
forming qualities of the parts. Comparing with the experimental results, the spring back of the finite
element simulation shows good agreement with that of the experimental results.
The Control System Construction of the Multifunctional Combined CNC Machine
Authors: Huo Meng You , Zhang Qin He , Zhang Jian Hua , Ai Xing
Published: March 2009

In this paper we present a multifunctional combined CNC machine that integrates the
technology of USM, EDM and grinding. For non-conductive hard and brittle materials, the machine
tool could perform ultrasonic machining and grinding machining combined ultrasonic vibration; for
conductive hard and brittle materials, electrical discharge with or without ultrasonic vibration could
be implemented. Conductive engineering ceramics have been used for elementary experiments, the
results show that it is more efficient and more stable for processing this kind of materials by using
the multifunctional combined CNC machine. On the basis of brief introduction about the structure
of the machine tool, this paper emphasizes the form of control system, the gap state inspection that
can be used to ensure the stability in processing and the principle for servo control.
Study on the Complex Tools Coating Technology by EDM
Authors: Fang Yu , Wang Zhen Long , Zhao Wan Sheng
Published: March 2009

A kind of new complex tools coating technology by EDM (Electrical Discharge
Machining) is studied in this paper. Firstly the principle of this technology is discussed. In order to
meet the coating requirement of the high-speed steel twist drill, milling cutter or other complex tools,
a set of coating device is designed and fabricated secondly, and the tools with different dimension are
coated successfully by this device. Finally the performance evaluation of coated twist drills is carried
out through the drilling test.
Optimization of Cutting Conditions in Ultra-Precision Turning Based on Mixed Genetic-Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Lu Ze Sheng , Wang Ming Hai
Published: March 2009

In ultra-precision turning process, the predictive modeling of surface roughness and the optimization of cutting conditions are the key factors to improve the quality of products and raise the efficiency of equipments. In this paper, the application of genetic algorithm in identifying nonlinear surface roughness prediction model is discussed, and presents mixed genetic-simulated annealing algorithm approach to optimization of cutting conditions in ultra-precision turning. The experiment was carried out with diamond cutting tools, for machining single crystal aluminum optics covering a wide range of machining conditions. The results of fitting of prediction model and optimal cutting conditions using genetic algorithm (GA) are compared with least square method and traditional optimal method.
Vibration Analysis of ID Slicing Process and Wafer Measurement
Authors: Wei Xin , Huang Rui Wei , Lai Shao Hui , Xie Z.H.
Published: March 2009

ID (inner-diameter) slicing is widely used in cutting ingots currently. In this paper, the deflection (axial vibration) and vibration (radial vibration) signals in different slicing conditions of the silicon wafers were measured online and analyzed. The effects of the vibration signals on the machining accuracy and surface roughness of sliced wafers were investigated based on the measurement and analysis of the surface roughness, warpage and TTV (total thickness vibration) of the sliced wafers. The results show that the changes of surface roughness, warpage and TTV of the sliced wafers exhibit approximately consistence with the changes of the power spectrums of the acquired vibration signals in different working stage of the blade. The vibration and deflection signals can give evidence of the changes in the cutting forces and blade performance during slicing. The power spectrum of the signals is useful for monitoring the blade wear and tension condition and predicting the surface quality and machining accuracy of the sliced wafers.
On Manufacturing of Long Stainless Steel Fiber with Fin by Multi-Tooth Tool and Mechanical Properties of the Fiber
Authors: Wan Zhen Ping , Tang Yong , Zhang F.Y.
Published: March 2009

Metal fiber manufactured by the methods nowadays available almost could not meet the
new requirements any more due to the increasing demands for its properties as it is used more and
more widely. In this paper, cutting by multi-tooth tool, a new method, which can bifurcate chip and
simultaneously get many pieces of long stainless steel fiber with high tensile strength, good tenacity
and corresponding diameter within 100μm even 50μm, is proposed. Tiny fins which induce crystal
growth as nucleation in composites can form regularly at the edge of fiber under certain conditions.
The fiber possesses unique advantages if it is used to filled, reinforced and porous materials because
of its rough surface, fins, high tensile strength and good tenacity.
Deducing the Coefficient of Non-Free Cutting of Major Cutting Edges of a Standard Twist Drill
Authors: Xiong L.S. , Shi H.M. , Chen Y.J.
Published: March 2009

A standard twist drill is divided into a series of elementary cutting tools (ECT) along its
major cutting edges. The natural power consumed by each ECT during free cutting is calculated on
the basis of the theory of shear plane. Through optimization, the actual power consumed and the
coefficient of non-free cutting of the major cutting edges subject to the principle of minimum
energy are calculated. The results indicate that although the major cutting edges of the standard
twist drill are straight lines, their cutting process is not free cutting in full sense of the term.
Precision Gravity Center Position Measurement System for Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Xin Tong , Jiang H.Z. , Zheng S.T. , Han Jun Wei
Published: March 2009

Knowledge of a vehicle’s inertial parameters is essential for safety research and accident
reconstruction. A precision measure system is proposed to determine the weight and gravity center
for heavy vehicles. Based on a static gravity measuring principle with three measuring points, a
hydraulically driven 2-DOF motion platform is developed. The transfer function model is derived
for the hydraulically driven system. By means of a degree-of-freedom control scheme, the platform
can realize accurate positioning to construct two intersected planes and work out the
three-dimensional coordinates of the vehicle gravity center. Experiments demonstrate that the
system has less than 0.3% measurement error in weight, and is able to measure the gravity centre
accurately with deviation ≤3mm in X and Y direction, and ≤5mm in Z direction.
Friction and Wear Behaviors of Three Ceramic Composite
Authors: Yang Xue Feng , Deng Jian Xin , Zhou Jun , Yao S.Q. , Li C.
Published: March 2009

Three ceramic composite were prepared by hot pressing sintering. The friction and wear behaviors of the composite were experimented at the high speed wear and tear test machine. Results show that the three ceramic composite have strong fracture toughness and flexure strength. The wear mechanisms of three ceramic composite are mainly brittleness peel off and furrow. Al2O3/(W, Ti)C and Al2O3/SiCw ceramic composite have great capabilities in wear resistance; they are excellent materials of cutting tools and dies.
Preparation and Morphology of C/C-SiC Composites by Si Melt Infiltration
Authors: Han In Sub , Seo Doo Won , Lee Shi Woo , Hong Ki Seok , Woo Sang Kuk , Chung Yong Hee , Lee Jae Chun
Published: March 2009

Two different types of carbon fibre bundles were used for filament winding to obtain C/C
preforms. C/C-SiC composites were produced from the C/C preforms by a silicon melt infiltration
technique. The effect of the type of carbon fibre bundle on the mechanical and thermal properties of
the resultant C/C-SiC composites was compared. The spun fiber preform yields C/C-SiC composites
of better mechanical properties than the unidirectional continuous fiber preform. The strength of the
composites from the SFP was 1.8 times higher than that from the CFP. The flexural strength and the
O-ring strength of the composites from the SFP with a density of 2.35 g/cm3 were about 160 MPa and
170 MPa, respectively.
Strengthening Effect of In-Situ Dispersed Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Ceramic Composites
Authors: Zhang Guo Jun , Kita Hideki , Kondo Naoki , Ohji Tatsuki
Published: March 2009

High strength particulate ceramic composites are in general reinforced by strong dispersoids, such as strong ceramic particles (SiC, TiB2, ZrO2, et al) and strong metallic particles (Mo, W, et al). In this work high strength ceramic composites with in-situ synthesized hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have been prepared and characterized. As an example, we manufactured mullite-BN composites by reactive hot pressing (RHP) using aluminum borates (9Al2O3·2B2O3 and 2Al2O3·B2O3) and silicon nitride as starting materials. The obtained material RHPed at 1800°C showed a strength of 540 MPa, which was 1.64 times higher than that of the monolithic mullite ceramics. TEM observation revealed that the composite had an isotropic microstructure with a fine mullite matrix grain size of less than 1 μm and a nano-sized h-BN platelets of about 200 nm in length and 60∼80 nm in thickness. The high strength was suggested to be from the reduced matrix grain size and the small toughening effect by the h-BN platelets. In addition, this kind of ceramic composite demonstrates low Young’s modulus that is beneficial to the thermal/mechanical shock resistance, and excellent machinability.
On the Dissolution of WC in WC-Co Alloys
Authors: Seo Osung , Kang Shin Hoo
Published: March 2009

Transitional metals, such as V, Nb, Mo and Ti, were used to control the growth of ultrafine
WC particles. Based on a study of the microstructures these metals were effective in inhibiting
the growth of WC. The interaction parameter measured between those metals and W in a Co melt
was a positive quantity. This indicates that the presence of V, Nb, Mo or Ti would tend to reduce
the solubility of W in a Co melt, thus inhibiting the dissolution and growth of WC.
Effect of Chemical Composition of Intergranular Glass on Superplastic Deformation of β-Silicon Nitride
Authors: Narimatsu E. , Shinoda Yutaka , Akatsu Takashi , Wakai Fumihiro
Published: March 2009

In this study, the effect of composition of intergranular glass on superplastic compressive deformation of -Si3N4 has been studied by compression tests. Oxide additives were used to form Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 melt and, with increasing temperatures, an oxynitride melt (Y-Al-Si-O-N) by dissolving Si3N4. The relation between flow stress and glass composition qualitatively corresponded to the effect of chemical composition on viscosity of Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass. However, the rate of increase of the flow stress was not proportional to the viscosity of Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glass, probably because the composition of intergranular glass phase had changed by dissolving Si3N4 and by crystallization of Si2N2O.
Oxygen Diffusion along Symmetric [0001] Tilt Grain Boundaries in α-Alumina
Authors: Nakagawa Tsubasa , Sakaguchi Isao , Matsunaga Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Takahisa , Haneda Hajime , Ikuhara Yuichi
Published: March 2009

Grain boundary diffusion coefficients of oxygen (δDgb) at 1793K in high purity α-alumina bicrystals with Σ7{2 _ ,310}/[0001] and Σ31{7 _ ,1140}/[0001] symmetric tilt grain boundaries were measured by means of the isotopic exchange and diffusion depth profiling using SIMS. δDgb of both grain boundaries were determined to be 7.1x10-24 [m3/sec] for Σ7 grain boundary and 5.3 x10-24 [m3/sec] for Σ31 grain boundary, respectively. These results indicate that Σ values do not directly relate to grain boundary diffusion properties.
Effect of Oxynitride Grain Boundary Phase on Toughening of Silicon Nitride Ceramics
Authors: Kusunose Takafumi , Sekino Tohru , Mogan P.E.D. , Niihara Koichi
Published: March 2009

The Si3N4/YSiO2N composite in which crystalline YSiO2N was formed as grain boundary
phase was fabricated by hot-pressing the mixture of SiO2, Si3N4 and Y2O3. The fracture toughness of
this composite was significantly improved, compared to the Si3N4 composites containing Y5Si3O12N
or Y2Si3O3N4 as a grain boundary phases. To clarify the toughening mechanism, the microstructure
and the crack propagation profiles were observed.
Fabrication of Uniformly Nano-Sized Macroporous Silica Structure Using Templates
Authors: Chang Dong Sook , Kwon Yong Jae , Lim Chang Sung , Yoon Jong Won , Shim Kwang Bo
Published: March 2009

Uniformly nano-sized macroporous silica consisting of well-defined pore sizes were
successfully fabricated. A modified sol-gel process, using mono-dispersed polystyrene(PS) spheres
as templates, was employed for configuring three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure.
The nano-sized macroporous silica structure was formed when the templates were removed by the
calcination at high temperature. The pH value affected uniformly stacked order in the PS/silica
matrix due to the PS being uniformly coated by silica film at appropriate pH value. Also this pH
value affected the iso-electrics points between the PS and silica particles surface charges. The
heating temperatures and the reaction times were considered to conform the microstructural
morphology, the thermal deposition of organic components, the matrix wall thickness and
densification behavior. Three-dimensionally assembled porous silica consists of uniform-sized
pores of 200nm and high specific surface area of 163 m2/g.
Fabrication of Al2O3 Ceramics by Environmentally Friendly Process
Authors: Nagaoka Takaaki , Tsugoshi Takahisa , Hotta Yuji , Sato Kimiyasu , Watari Koji
Published: March 2009

We have developed a new environmentally friendly fabrication process for alumina
ceramics using hydraulic alumina (HA) and water. Without the addition of an organic binder, alumina
green bodies retained their original shapes by the hydration of HA in the green bodies. In the case of
α-Al2O3-HA-H2O system, alumina ceramics with 97.8% theoretical density were obtained. Added
water acted as a fugitive material in the hardened green body. In the case of HA-H2O system, porous
alumina ceramics with a wide range of open porosity (56.6–69.1%) and narrow pore size distributions
were fabricated without the use of organic fugitive materials. The results of evolved gas analysis-mass
spectrometry measurements showed that the new fabrication process for alumina ceramics was
confirmed to be eco-friendly.
Dispersion of ZrO2 Particles in the Al2O3/ZrO2 Ceramics by the Partial Chemical Dispersion Processes
Authors: Cho M.J. , Youn Sang Heum , Kim Jae Jun , Hwang Kyu Hong , Lee Jong Kook , Iwasa Mikio
Published: March 2009

To improve the mechanical properties of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites, the homogeneous
dispersion of ultra low size ZrO2 particles in Al2O3 ceramics have been controlled by partial
dispersion of ZrO2 by chemical processes such as coprecipitation or polymeric precursor
method(Pechini process). So nanosized Zr/Y hydroxide were coprecipitated or polymerized directly
to the surfaces of commercial sub-micron size α-alumina powder(Sumitomo: AES-11(0.4 μm))
using ZrOCl2 /Y(NO3)3 solution.
By the partial coprecipitation method, dispersion of relatively small sized ZrO2 in Al2O3/ZrO2
composites could be achieved at 1500~1600° C of sintering temperature. In case of the
polyesterization of Zr/Y(NO3)3-citric acid solution in ethylene glycol directly to the commercial
sub-micron size α-alumina powder, more homogeneous dispersion of relatively low sized ZrO2 in
Al2O3/ZrO2 composites could be obtained at 1450~1600°C of sintering temperature range and their
mechanical strength was more enhanced.
Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture Using Ceramic Absorbent and Methane Steam Reforming
Authors: Kato Masahiro , Maezawa Yukishige , Takeda Shin , Hagiwara Yoshikazu , Kogo Ryosuke , Semba Katsumi , Hamamura Mitsutoshi
Published: March 2009

A novel CO2 separation technique that employs the chemical reaction of lithium-containing oxides with
CO2 has been developed. Since this method is effective in the temperature range of 450oC to 700oC, it has the
advantages of enabling CO2 separation in power plants without lowering the temperature and of absorbing CO2
from the steam-methane reforming process at the same time. Because the absorption is exothermic and the steam
reforming is endothermic, the energy loss is expected to be significantly reduced by combining the reactions.
Hydrogen yields are expected to be higher because the equilibrium may be shifted by the removal of the CO2 byproduct.
We have therefore proposed a pre-combustion CO2 capture system using lithium silicate and steam
reforming. Bench-scale experiments were performed to measure the methane conversion and CO2 removal
efficiency in order to evaluate the feasibility of the pre-combustion CO2 capture system. At temperatures of less
than 650oC, the methane conversion in the case of mixture of catalyst and absorbent was higher than that in the
case of catalyst alone. In addition, the CO2 removal efficiency is almost 90%. These results appear to indicate that
pre-combustion CO2 capture combined with steam reforming is feasible.
Kumada Rearrangement of Polydimethylsilane Using a Catalytic Process
Authors: Kim Y. , Shin Dong Geun , Kim Hyung Rae , Han Doug Young , Kang Young Un , Riu Doh Hyung
Published: March 2009

Polycarbosilane was synthesized from polydimethylsilane in the presence of ZSM-5
(Si/Al=30) as a catalyst at 350oC-400oC. Characterization of synthesized polycarbosilane was
performed with 29Si Solid NMR, FT-IR, and GPC analysis. Number average of molecular weight
(Mn) of the polycarbosilane was ranged from 350 to 2340.
Thermodynamic and Dielectric Properties of MgSiN2 Ceramics
Authors: Lenčéš Zoltán , Hirao Kiyoshi , Šajgalík Pavol , Hoffmann Michael J.
Published: March 2009

Reaction bonded MgSiN2 (RBMSN) was prepared by direct nitridation of a Si/Mg2Si/Mg/Si3N4 powder compact in a temperature range of 1350-1550°C. The oxygen content of MgSiN2 was in the range of 0.4 – 0.6 wt%. A thermal stability examination showed that MgSiN2 is stable up to 1400°C at 0.1 MPa N2 pressure. The activation energy of decomposition calculated from the temperature dependence of weight loss is H = 383 kJ⋅mol-1. The time dependence and nitrogen pressure dependence of MgSiN2 decomposition was also investigated at constant temperature. MgSiN2 is stable at 1560°C in 0.6 MPa nitrogen atmosphere. Using these experimental data together with the heat capacity published in a literature the Gibbs free energy of formation of MgSiN2 was calculated in a temperature range 300-2500 K. Dense MgSiN2 ceramics or MgSiN2/Si3N4 composites with fluorine-based additives were prepared by hot pressing. The composite materials had a 4-point bending strength of 427 MPa and Vickers hardness (HV1) of 20.8 GPa, respectively. The indentation fracture toughness was 5.3 MPa.m1/2, due to the presence of elongated β-Si3N4 grains. The dielectric constant of dense reaction bonded MgSiN2 at 100 kHz was 9.5-10, while that of MgSiN2/Si3N4 composite in a wide range 50 – 6000, depending on composition and heat treatment.
Preparation and Evaluation of Metal/Ceramic Nanocomposites for High Frequency Inductive Devices
Authors: Yang Jae Kyo , Park D.J. , Kim J. , Chang Si Young , Lee Chung Hyo , Sekino Tohru , Niihara Koichi , Choa Yong Ho
Published: March 2009

Fe/MgO nanocomposites, which are applicable to high frequency electronic devices,
were fabricated by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and selective reduction processes. Transmission
electron micrographs showed that nano ferromagnetic Fe particles were isolated by MgO insulating
matrix. With the increase of the reduction temperature, the particle size and saturation
magnetization of the nanocomposites increased, which resulted in the decrease of the coercive force
and the increase of the permeability. Furthermore, the ferromagnetic resonance peak of the
nanocomposites was not observed up to 9 GHz.
Sintering and Electronic Conducting Properties of La0.8Ca0.2CrO3 Perovskite-Type Complex Oxides Synthesized by Different Methods
Authors: Xu Qing , Guo W.F. , Chen Wen , Wang Hao , Huang Duan Ping , Wang B.T.
Published: March 2009

The sintering and electronic conducting properties of La0.8Ca0.2CrO3 synthesized by a
glycine-nitrate process (GNP) were investigated in comparison with that synthesized by the
conventional solid state reaction (SSR) method. The results demonstrate the advantage of the GNP
method in producing La0.8Ca0.2CrO3 ceramic. Compared with the powder synthesized by the SSR
method, that synthesized by the GNP method shows a higher sinterability due to its fine
morphology. The relative densities of the ceramics made by the GNP and SSR methods attain 96.5
% and 96.0 % when sintering at 1450°C and 1550°C, respectively. In the case of similar relative
densities, the ceramic made by the GNP method (sintered at 1450°C) exhibits superior electronic
conducting properties to that made by the SSR method (sintered at 1550°C). This is attributed to a
desired microstructure of the ceramic made by the GNP method.
Search for High Damping Metallic Glasses
Authors: Hiki Y. , Tanahashi M. , Takeuchi Shin
Published: March 2009

In a hydrogen-doped metallic glass, there appear low-temperature and high-temperature
internal friction peaks respectively associated with a point-defect relaxation and the crystallization.
The high-temperature-side slope of low-temperature peak and also the low-temperature-side slope
of high-temperature peak enhance the background internal friction near the room temperature. A
hydrogen-doped Mg-base metallic glass was proposed as a high-damping material to be used near
and somewhat above the room temperature. Stability of the high damping was also checked.
Phase Transition Behavior of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles
Authors: Hoshina Takuya , Kakemoto Hirofumi , Tsurumi Takaaki , Yashima Masatomo , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Wada Satoshi
Published: March 2009

Almost impurity-free, defect-free and dense barium titanate (BaTiO3) fine particles with various sizes from 20 to 430
nm were prepared by the 2-step thermal decomposition method and post-heating treatment. The crystal structures of
these particles in the range from -150 to 150 °C were investigated using synchrotron radiation XRD measurement.
The crystal structure refinement using Rietveld method revealed that BaTiO3 particles with the size over 40 nm were
composed of two parts; (a) cubic shell and (b) core with successive phase transitions. The crystal structure of the core
component can be related to the dielectric properties at room temperature. Moreover, it was revealed that the phase
transition behavior of BaTiO3 nanoparticles was different from that of the BaTiO3 single crystal.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Polycyclic Compounds by CVD Method
Authors: Yamada Koji , Abe Kentaro , Mikami Masafumi , Saito Morihiro , Kuwano Jun
Published: March 2009

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized from camphor by a chemical vapor
deposition (CVD) method in a range of 750-900. The catalyst was fed in three ways: (a) a
sputtered Fe-film on a quartz substrate (b) vaporized ferrocene in an Ar flow; (c) both of (a) and (b).
In the case (c), highly pure, dense and aligned MWCNT arrays formed on the quartz substrate at
850, whereas nonaligned MWCNTs formed in the cases (a) and (b).
Low Temperature Sintering of Alumina by CuO-TiO2-Nb2O5 Additives
Authors: Shigeno Koichi , Katsumura Hidenori , Kagata Hiroshi , Asano Hiroshi , Inoue Osamu
Published: March 2009

We examined sintering additives for alumina. When using CuO-TiO2-Nb2O5 additive, dense
sintered alumina was obtained by firing at 1000°C or below, even though additive content was at
most 10 mass%. It is considered that the formation of mixed oxide consists of CuO, TiO2 and
Nb2O5 has an important role for low temperature sintering of alumina. Thermal conductivity of the
above sample was 15 W/mK, which was the highest value yet reported within LTCC (Low
Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) materials.
Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Micrometer-Sized Spherical Single Crystal Particles of Perovskite Oxides by Flame Fusion
Authors: Che Shenglei , Sakamoto Norimasa
Published: March 2009

Micrometer-sized spherical single crystal particles of a perovskite oxide based on Ca0.40Sr0.60Ti0.95Zr0.05O3 were prepared from a pulverized powder by flame fusion method. The obtained particles are polyhedrons exhibiting 6 quadrate planes, 8 octagonal planes and 8 triangular planes. Semplice electron diffraction patterns corresponding to orthorhombic structure were obtained for the whole thin section of a particle from different radiation directions, indicating that the particle is single crystal. Changes of the morphology, structure and crystallinity of particles were observed by SEM and TEM to investigate the formation mechanism of the particles. It is revealed that a pulverized particle melts in the flame and solidifies to form an as-fused spherical particle which is composed of an amorphous shell and a crystal core. The crystal core acts as a crystal nucleus in the sequential heat-treating process and finally grows to a single crystal above 1150°C.
Effects of the Substitution of the B-Site Ion on Oxygen Reduction Electrode Properties of the Pyrochlore Pb2Ru2O7-δ at Low Temperatures
Authors: Yoshihara Kenji , Chuma Takeshi , Saito Morihiro , Kuwano Jun , Shiroishi Hidenobu
Published: March 2009

The O2-gas electrode (OGE) properties of the pyrochlores Pb2Ru2-XMXO7-δ(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni)
[PRMx] were examined below 300°C with the cell of the type (PRMx | Ba0.975Ce0.8Gd0.2O3
(BCG) |
PRMx). The PRMn electrodes showed good OGE properties comparable to those of Pb2Ru2O6.5 and
superior to those of a Pt-paste electrode and the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.98Ni0.02O3 electrode, which are
well-known representative OGEs. The results indicate that the PRMn electrodes can be used for
OGEs in low-temperature applications including oxygen sensors.
Piezoelectric Properties of Nd and V Cosubstituted Bi4Ti3O12 Ceramics
Authors: Matsuzawa Satoru , Hiruma Yuji , Aoyagi Rintaro , Nagata Hajime , Takenaka Tadashi
Published: March 2009

The piezoelectric properties of Nd and V cosubstituted bismuth titanate ceramics, (Bi4-y,Ndy)1-(x/12)(Ti3-x,Vx)O12 [BNTV-y (x=0.01, y=0.00~1.00)] , are investigated. Furthermore, the grain orientation effects of BNTV-y ceramics on their piezoelectric properties are studied by the hot forging (HF) method. The electromechanical coupling factor, k33, of ordinarily fired (OF) BNTV-y0.75 ceramic was 0.21, which is one of the highest k33 values for bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSFs). On the other hand, the k33 of the grain oriented (HF) BNTV-y0.25 ceramic was 0.30.
Synthesis of Oxide Thin Films on Silicon Substrate Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid
Authors: Kano Fuyuki , Uchida Hiroshi , Sugimoto Kazuko , Koda Seiichiro
Published: March 2009

Thin films of titanium oxide (TiO2) were synthesized from Titanium diisopropoxide bis(dipivaloylmethanate) [Ti(O-i-Pr)2(dpm)2] as a source material using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) fluid. Flat films with a uniform microstructure were fabricated on SiO2/(100)Si substrates at a fluid pressure of 8.0 MPa, while granular particles were deposited on the film surface at a fluid pressure of 10.0 MPa. TiO2 films fabricated in supercritical CO2 atmosphere at 10.0 MPa were crystalline at the reaction temperature of 100°C, which was significantly lower than those in the conventional film-deposition techniques.
Non-Invasive Kinematic Analysis of the Triceps Surae Muscle-Tendon Complex during a Gait
Authors: Rim Yong Hoon , Choi Ahn Ryul , Lee Sang Sik , Mun Joung H.
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this study is to calculate the length and velocity change of gastrocnemius
and soleus muscle-tendon complex (MTC) for diagnosis and estimation of the rehabilitation
procedure of the patient from non-invasive 3D markers. The previous method measuring the length of
MTC has been dependant on the regression equation based on the rotation angle in the sagittal plane.
However, in view of the fact that movement analysis is based on the human body having a variety of
structure, the measurement using merely rotation angle and regression equation which not based on
each subject shank and foot length might not be accurate. In order to overcome these limitations, the
length change of MTC is calculated, employing 3D MTC model accompanied with the trajectory data
of markers attached anatomical landmarks, each subject measurements and femur condyle radius.
Basically, more accurate length change could be acquired through the 3D trajectory data of markers in
comparing with 2D data based on the rotation angle.
As our study, the difference of the gastrocnemius length change between 3D marker trajectory
based method and the method using a 2-D angle was approximately 4% (2cm) at maximum
contraction and 1% (0.5cm) at maximum relaxation. Similarly, the difference in terms of the soleus
was approximately 0.7% (0.3cm) at maximum contraction and 0.5% (0.2cm) at maximum relaxation.
Detection of Contaminants on Poultry Processing Plant Equipment Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Kim Moon S. , Cho Byoung Kwan , Chao Kuang Lin , Lefcourt Alan M. , Liu Yong Liang , Chen Yud Ren
Published: March 2009

Fluorescence techniques have demonstrated great potential for detection of the presence of fecal and other biological substances that can harbor pathogens. We used a recently developed laser-induced fluorescence imaging system (LIFIS) to demonstrate the potential use of fluorescence techniques for detection of a range of diluted poultry feces from various sections of the digestive tract, including gizzard, duodenum, small intestine, ceca, and colon, on processing plant equipment. The use of the LIFIS allowed tunable excitation in the visible with selection of emission wavebands for multispectral imaging. Thus, both fluorescence excitation and emission parameters can be optimized (e.g., 415 nm excitation, and 580 and 630 nm emission bands). The results showed that 1:5 and 1:10 diluted feces samples could be detected with 100% detection rates at the 580 and 630 nm emission bands regardless of feces types. Detection rates for 1:50 and 1:100 diluted samples at the 580-nm band were 96.0 and 89.3%, respectively, and those at the 630-nm band were 94.7 and 84.0%, respectively. Even minute amounts of fecal matter on processing plant equipment surfaces, not clearly visible to the human eye, could be detected.
Wavelet Analysis of Ultrasonic Transmitted Signal of Apple during Storage Time
Authors: Kim Ki Bok , Kim Man Soo , Jung Hyun Mo , Lee Sang Dae , Park Jeong Gil , Kim Ghi Seok
Published: March 2009

This study was conducted to analyze the ultrasonic transmitted signal for apple using wavelet transform. Fruit consists of non-linear visco-elastic properties such as flesh, an ovary and rind and hence most ultrasonic wave is attenuated and its frequency is shifted during passing the fruit. Thus it was not easy to evaluate the internal quality of the fruit using typical ultrasonic parameters such as wave velocity, attenuation, and frequency spectrum. The discrete wavelet transform was applied to the ultrasonic transmitted signal for apple. The magnitude of the first peak frequency of the wavelet basis from the ultrasonic transmitted signal showed a close correlation to the storage time of apple.
Nondestructive Evaluation System for White Ginseng Quality Using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Kim Seong Min , Kim Chul Soo , Lee Chong Ho , Kim Myung Ho , Park Seung Jae
Published: March 2009

A real-time white ginseng quality evaluation system based on a machine vision
technique and artificial neural networks was developed to replace the current manual grading and
its efficiency was tested. The system consisted of conveyor, image acquisition system
synchronized with a sample-detecting sensor, and image processing and decision-making system.
Software running under Windows system was developed. The algorithm included three
consecutive stages of (a) image acquisition and preprocessing, (b) mathematical feature extraction,
and (c) grade decision using artificial neural networks. Mathematical features such as area ratio,
mean and standard deviation of gray level, skewness of gray level histogram, and the number of
run segment, were extracted from five equally divided parts of a specimen. An artificial neural
network model was used to classify samples into three grading categories. The grading error of the
system was about 26%, which is comparable to the 30% in case of manual grading. The grading
rate was one sample per a second.
Luminance Change Method for Cure Monitoring of GFRP
Authors: Todoroki Akira , Hana Norihiko , Ueda Masahito
Published: March 2009

Resin transfer molding (RTM) process is getting popular for fabrications of complicated commercial products made from Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) at low cost. Cure monitoring is indispensable for RTM process. In the present study, polyester resin is adopted for matrix resin of the GFRP components. The polyester is usually adopted as matrix resin of the low-cost GFRP products. Existing methods for the cure monitoring are, however, expensive for the GFRP products. The polyester resin usually changes its optical property during curing. This enables us to monitor the degree of cure by means of measurements of luminance change of the transmitted light. Since the electrical circuit for measuring luminance change is not expensive, this system utilizes the luminance change for monitoring cure is not expensive system. In the present study, the sensing system employs a LED as a light source and plastic optical fibers as light paths. A photodiode is adopted as a light power sensor. This low-cost cure-monitoring system is applied to monitoring of degree of cure of polyester resin. Degree of cure is measured by means of commercially available dielectric sensors, and results are compared with the results of luminance change. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed experimentally here.
Effect of Sr and Sb on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-5AI-2Si Alloys
Authors: Song Dae Hyun , Lee C.W. , Nam K.Y. , Lee S.W. , Park Yong Ho , Cho Kyung Mok , Park Ik Min
Published: March 2009

A study has been made on the effects of antimony (Sb) and strontium (Sr) additions on the microstructure of Mg-Al-Si alloys. Results showed that the additions of Sb and Sr can modify the morphology of Mg2Si particles from Chinese script shape to refined polygonal shape. Tensile strength and creep resistance were improved and tensile elongation was also increased in the modified alloy with Sb and Sr. The addition of Sr was more effective than Sb modification of AS52 alloy for refining microstructure and thus improving properties.
Effect of Al on the Castability, Tensile and Creep Properties of Mg-xAl-Zn
Authors: Lee C.W. , Song Dae Hyun , Nam K.Y. , Choi B.H. , Park Yong Ho , Cho Kyung Mok , Park Ik Min
Published: March 2009

The effect of Al content on the castability, tensile and creep properties of Mg-xAl-Zn alloy was investigated. The molten Mg-(3~11)Al-Zn alloys of 700 °C were poured into the mould designed to estimate castability. Tensile and creep tests were performed for the alloys. It has been shown that creep resistance decreased while tensile strength improved with increasing Al amount. Microstructure study revealed that morphology of Mg17Al12 is main factor determining the tensile and creep properties of as cast Mg-xAl-Zn alloys. The final purpose of this study is to develop the heat resistant Mg alloys to apply transportation systems such as automobile. Further study on effect of heat treatment and additional alloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xAl alloys is going to be performed.
Risk Based Optimization of the Life Assessment for Fossil Power Plant
Authors: Kim Bum Shin , Ha Jung Soo , Song Gee Wook , Hyun Jung Seob , Choi Woo Sung
Published: March 2009

As a number of aged fossil power plants recently increased, the precise life assessment of
critical equipments gets to be important more than ever. Despite of infrequent likelihood of failure,
the equipments in high pressure and temperature operation condition have traditionally been
considered as critical because of huge consequence of the equipments and hence life assessment of
fossil power plant has been focused on all of the severe operated equipments for past decades.
Nowadays, with Risk-Based Inspection technology being developed rapidly, most of the power plant
utilities get a chance to reduce the scope of the inspection and test and to extend the interval for the
life assessment. This paper provides methodology based on Risk-Based Inspection technology to
optimize the life assessment work scope and interval and also demonstrates the enhanced life
assessment procedure including risk assessment of equipments.
Application of Spectroscopic Radiography Using Pulsed Neutron Time-of-Flight Method for Material Characterization
Authors: Kiyanagi Yoshiaki , Kamiyama Takashi , Nagata Toshiyuki , Hiraga F.
Published: March 2009

Neutron imaging using a pulsed neutron time-of-flight method can give an energy
dependent transmission image, namely, spectroscopic image. This image includes the structure
information if the sample is coherent scatterer. Here, two examples are introduced. First, we
obtained the transmission image of a welded sample of SS304 and 308. Change of the crystal
structure depending on the position was observed. Furthermore, we measured spatial dependent
transmission of SS samples treated in different ways, surface treatment and whole body treatment.
There were almost no spatial dependent change, but the cross section change was found between
surface and whole body treatment samples. It was suggested that this might be due to the
difference of a grain size. These results demonstrated that the spectroscopic imaging using a
pulsed neutron source is a useful tool for material characterization.
Growth of Highly Oriented Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kim Hee Joon , Jang Dong Young , Shishodia Prem Kumar , Yoshida Akira
Published: March 2009

In the paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are deposited by plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition (PECVD) at different substrate temperatures. The ZnO films are characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analysis results indicate
that highly crystalline films with high orientation can be obtained at a substrate temperature of 300
oC with 50 ml/min flow rate from Diethylzinc (DEZ). Furthermore, the investigation of optical
property shows that ZnO films are transparent, and the peak transmittance in the visible region is as
high as 85%.