bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wet‐Printed Stretchable and Strain‐Insensitive Conducting Polymer Electrodes: Facilitating In Vivo Gastric Slow Wave Mapping
Authors: Zhang Peikai , Athavale Omkar N. , Zhu Bicheng , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Du Peng
Published: July 2024

Wearable and implantable devices play a crucial role in clinical diagnosis, disease treatment, and fundamental research on the body's electrophysiology and biochemical processes. Conducting polymers are emerging as promising solutions to surpass the limitations of traditional metal‐based electrodes, offering enhanced conformability, and stretchability. However, current microfabrication techniques of CP electrodes have a number of limitations. In this study, a novel wet‐printing technique is developed for the fabrication of highly stretchable poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) microelectrodes. The wet‐printing, conducted in a liquid coagulation bath, has the advantages of being non‐contact, easy and fast to perform, and capable of printing low‐viscosity inks. Wet‐printing of PEDOT:PSS lines with a width of ≈20 µm is demonstrated. By adding D‐sorbitol as a plasticizer, an ultra‐high stretchability of PEDOT:PSS electrodes, of more than 720% is achieved while the electrodes remained conductive and strain‐insensitive up to high strains. The use of PEDOT:PSS wet‐printed electrode arrays for the electrophysiological recording from the stomach is demonstrated. The stretchable electrodes conformed swell to the tissue and recorded comparable electrophysiological signals to Au‐plated electrodes in porcine and rodent animal models. The wet‐printing approach to fabricating flexible and stretchable electrode arrays using low‐viscosity, conducting inks holds promise for applications in conformable electronics.
Magnesium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals and Their Core/Shell Nanostructures
Authors: Yu Chunyu , Li Yibo , Song Xuerong , Wang Yinghui , Ning Jiajia
Published: July 2024

Magnesium chalcogenide with wide bandgap semiconductor is an important candidate for the next generation semiconductor for optoelectronic devices. Colloidal magnesium chalcogenide (MgS, MgSe, and MgTe) nanocrystals are produced with the colloidal method, showing the optoelectronic properties for wide bandgap semiconductors in the violet region. The shape and size of magnesium chalcogenide nanocrystals are precisely controlled via tuning the precursors and ligands. Magnesium chalcogenide are further deposited on ZnSe and ZnS quantum dots for shell materials to enhance fluorescence emission due to the wide bandgap and suitable lattice in magnesium chalcogenide. Magnesium chalcogenide in nanoscale exhibits the potential for wide‐band semiconductors and the shell materials to light‐emitting quantum dots.
Forkhead Box Protein K1 Promotes Chronic Kidney Disease by Driving Glycolysis in Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Lu , Tian Maoqing , Zhang Meng , Li Chen , Wang Xiaofei , Long Yuyu , Wang Yujuan , Hu Jijia , Chen Cheng , Chen Xinghua , Liang Wei , Ding Guohua , Gan Hua , Liu Lunzhi , Wang Huiming
Published: July 2024

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergo an energy‐related metabolic shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, the mechanisms underlying this burst of glycolysis remain unclear. Herein, a new critical glycolysis regulator, the transcription factor forkhead box protein K1 (FOXK1) that is expressed in TECs during renal fibrosis and exhibits fibrogenic and metabolism‐rewiring capacities is reported. Genetic modification of the Foxk1 locus in TECs alters glycolytic metabolism and fibrotic lesions. A surge in the expression of a set of glycolysis‐related genes following FOXK1 protein activation contributes to the energy‐related metabolic shift. Nuclear‐translocated FOXK1 forms condensate through liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) to drive the transcription of target genes. Core intrinsically disordered regions within FOXK1 protein are mapped and validated. A therapeutic strategy is explored by targeting the Foxk1 locus in a murine model of CKD by the renal subcapsular injection of a recombinant adeno‐associated virus 9 vector encoding Foxk1‐short hairpin RNA. In summary, the mechanism of a FOXK1‐mediated glycolytic burst in TECs, which involves the LLPS to enhance FOXK1 transcriptional activity is elucidated.
Hollow Octahedral Pr6O11‐Mn2O3 Heterostructures for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Qiang , Fan Guilan , Zeng Yinxiang , Zhang Xiaotao , Luan Deyan , Guo Yan , Gu Xiaojun , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: July 2024

Mn‐based oxides are broadly prospected cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their rich abundance, low cost, and plentiful valence states. However, the further development of Mn‐based oxides is severely restricted by the dissolution of active materials and poor structural stability. Herein, hollow octahedral Pr6O11‐Mn2O3 (denoted as PrO‐MnO) heterostructures are developed through a facile metal–organic framework‐engaged templating approach, which realizes boosted Zn ion storage performance. Pr6O11 can not only effectively suppress the dissolution of Mn to stabilize Mn2O3 but also induce interfacial charge rearrangement and promote electron/ion transfer, contributing to the improved electrochemical activity and stability of PrO‐MnO. Moreover, the rationally designed hollow nanostructure offers sufficient active sites and facilitates the reaction kinetics. As expected, the PrO‐MnO cathode exhibits excellent rate and cycling performance with a high reversible capacity of 140.8 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1, outperforming the Mn2O3 cathode.
Optimizing the Intermediates Adsorption by Manipulating the Second Coordination Shell of Ir Single Atoms for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Wei Jie , Tang Hua , Liu Yan , Liu Guiliang , Sheng Li , Fan Minghui , Ma Yiling , Zhang Zhirong , Zeng Jie
Published: July 2024

The precise regulation of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with the desired local chemical environment is vital to elucidate the relationship between the SACs structure and the catalytic performance. The debate on the effect of the local coordination environment is quite complicated even for the SACs with the same composition and chemical nature, calling for increased attention on the regulation of the second coordination shell. For oxide‐supported SACs, it remains a significant challenge to precisely manipulate the second coordination shell of single atoms supported on oxides due to the structural robustness of oxides. Here, Ir single atoms were anchored on NiO supports via different bonding strategies, resulting in the diverse Ir−O−Ni coordination numbers for Ir sites. Specifically, Ir1/NiO, Ir1−NiO, and Ir1@NiO SACs with increasing Ir−O−Ni coordination numbers of 3, 4, and 5 were synthesized, respectively. We found that the activity of the three samples towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) exhibited a volcano‐shaped relationship with the Ir−O−Ni coordination number, with Ir1−NiO showing the lowest overpotential of 225 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Mechanism investigations indicate that the moderate coordination number of Ir−O−Ni in Ir1−NiO creates the higher occupied Ir dz2 orbital, weakening the adsorption strength for *OOH intermediates and thereby enhancing the OER activity.
Near–Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizers with Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generation for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Wenkai , He Shan , Ma Xue , Lv Chengyuan , Gu Hua , Cao Jianfang , Du Jianjun , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

Near‐infrared photosensitizers are valuable tools to improve treatment depth in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, their low singlet oxygen (1O2) generation ability, indicated by low 1O2 quantum yield, presents a formidable challenge for PDT. To overcome this challenge, the heptamethine cyanine was decorated with biocompatible S (Scy7) and Se (Secy7) atom. We observe that Secy7 exhibits a redshift in the main absorption to ~840 nm and an ultra‐efficient 1O2 generation capacity. The emergence of a strong intramolecular charge transfer effect between the Se atom and polymethine chain considerably narrows the energy gap (0.51 eV), and the heavy atom effect of Se strengthens spin–orbit coupling (1.44 cm−1), both of which greatly improved the high triplet state yield (61 %), a state that determines the energy transfer to O2. Therefore, Secy7 demonstrated excellent 1O2 generation capacity, which is ~24.5‐fold that of indocyanine green, ~8.2‐fold that of IR780, and ~1.3‐fold that of methylene blue under low‐power‐density 850 nm irradiation (5 mW cm−2). Secy7 exhibits considerable phototoxicity toward cancer cells buried under 12 mm of tissue. Nanoparticles formed by encapsulating Secy7 within amphiphilic polymers and lecithin, demonstrated promising antitumor and anti‐pulmonary metastatic effects, exhibiting remarkable potential for advancing PDT in deep tissues.
Integration of Perylene Diimide into a Covalent Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Li Zhenping , Jiao Junqiang , Fu Wenlong , Gao Ke , Peng Xinyuan , Wang Zhiwei , Zhuo Huagui , Yang Chao , Yang Mingyu , Chang Gang , Yang Lei , Zheng Xinglong , Yan Yang , Chen Feng , Zhang Mingming , Meng Zheng , Shang Xiaobo
Published: July 2024

Perylene diimides (PDIs) have garnered considerable attention due to their immense potential in photocatalysis. However, manipulating the molecular packing within their aggregates and enhancing the efficiency of photogenerated carrier recombination remain significant challenges. In this study, we demonstrate the incorporation of a PDI unit into a covalent organic framework (COF), named PDI‐PDA, by linking an ortho‐substituted PDI with p‐phenylenediamine (PDA) to control its intermolecular aggregation. The incorporation enables precise modulation of electron‐transfer dynamics, leading to a ten‐fold increase in the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation of thioether to sulfoxide with PDI‐PDA compared to the PDI molecular counterpart, with yields exceeding 90 %. Electron property studies and density functional theory calculations show that the PDI‐PDA with its well‐defined crystal structure, enhances π–π stacking and lowers the electron transition barrier. Moreover, the strong electron‐withdrawing ability of the PDI unit promotes the spatial separation of the valency band maximum and conduction band minimum of PDI‐PDA, suppressing the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and improving the charge‐separation efficiency to give high photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides a brief but effective way for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of commonly used PDI‐based dyes by integrating them into a framework skeleton.
Development of Organ Targeting Lipid Nanoparticles with Low Immunogenicity and Their Application in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Cheng Meiqi , Yu Xinyang , Qi Shaolong , Yang Kai , Lu Meixin , Cao Fangfang , Yu Guocan
Published: July 2024

As the most advanced non‐viral delivery system, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) were approved by the FDA, propelling the advancements of gene therapy. However, their clinical applications are hampered by the potential immunogenicity of the lipid components that trigger immune‐related adverse events, like inflammation and allergy. Herein, we formulate various dLNPs with diminished immunogenicity by incorporating dexamethasone (Dex) into liver‐, spleen‐, and lung‐targeting LNPs formulations that exhibit excellent abilities to target specific organs and deliver various types of RNA, such as mRNA and siRNA. In vivo investigations demonstrate unparalleled advantages in safety as compared to conventional LNPs, showing promising potential in the development of RNA therapeutics. Intriguingly, the encapsulation of runt‐related transcription factor‐1 siRNA (siRUNX1) into lung‐targeting dLNPs (dLNPs@siRUNX1) demonstrates remarkable advantages in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis through the synergy of gene therapy and drug therapy. This research establishes secure and universal platforms for the precise delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics, showcasing promising clinical applications in gene therapy.
Tail‐approach based design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of benzenesulfonamides carrying thiadiazole and urea moieties as novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Han M. İhsan , Gündüz Miyase Gözde , Ammara Andrea , Supuran Claudiu T. , Doğan Şengül Dilem
Published: July 2024

We synthesized herein 16 compounds (SUT1–SUT16) as potential carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors utilizing the tail‐approach design. Based on this strategy, we connected benzenesulfonamide, the zinc‐binding scaffold, to different urea moieties with the 1,3,4‐thiadiazole ring as a linker. We obtained the target compounds by the reaction of 4‐(5‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)benzenesulfonamide with aryl isocyanates. Upon confirmation of their structures, the compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit the tumor‐related human (h) isoforms human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) IX and XII, as well as the physiologically dominant hCA I and II. Most of the molecules demonstrated Ki values ≤ 10 nM with different selectivity profiles. The binding modes of SUT9, SUT10, and SUT5, the most effective inhibitors of hCA II, IX, and XII, respectively, were predicted by molecular docking. SUT16 (4‐{5‐[3‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)ureido]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl}benzenesulfonamide) was found to be the most selective inhibitor of the cancer‐associated isoforms hCA IX and XII over the off‐target isoforms, hCAI and II. The interaction dynamics and stability of SUT16 within hCA IX and XII were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations as well as dynophore analysis. Based on computational data, increased hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bonds in the tail part of these molecules within hCA IX and XII were found as favorable interactions leading to effective inhibitors of cancer‐related isoforms.
Paper‐Like 100 % Si Nanowires Electrodes Integrated with Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Sánchez‐Ahijón Elena , Pendashteh Afshin , Vilatela Juan J.
Published: July 2024

Silicon anodes are a promising solution in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) due to minor lithium dendrite risk, high capacity, and low potential. Research on Si integration in ASSBs is still nascent, requiring a deep understanding of the interplay between electrode composition, structure, and performance. Here, we present the first study on 100 % Si nanowires integrated with Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE). The anodes are paper‐like networks of aggregated Si nanowires produced by a slurry‐free method without carbon/binders. Despite the lack of any conductor, the Si anodes provide >2.5 Ah/g capacity at a high mass loading of 1.7 mg/cm2(~5 mAh/cm2), demonstrating sufficient electric and ionic conductivities. Electro‐chemo‐mechanical properties of the electrodes over (de)lithiation were probed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, ex‐situ microscopy, and in‐operando pressure regulation measurements. The lithiated electrode/SE interface was found to be electrochemically stable. Cross‐sectional microscopy at various states‐of‐charge confirmed the buffering effect of the anode porosity, resulting in the preservation of the electrode's thickness after the first lithiation but a considerable shrinkage during delithiation, producing cracking and formation of the new interface. Capacity remains constant for five cycles, then decreases linearly up to 40 cycles. This is attributed to repeated fracture of the anode/electrolyte interface and the corresponding impedance increase.
Can the teaching style reduce inequality in the classroom? Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Xu Lei , Tani Massimiliano , Zhu Yu
Published: July 2024

We investigate the effects of ‘lecture‐based’ (LBT)—i.e. individual work and rote learning—vs. ‘discussion‐based’ (DBT)—i.e. participative and focused on student‐centred learning—teaching styles on the test scores and socio‐economic inequality of middle‐school students randomly assigned to classes using data from the China Education Panel Survey—a large‐scale nationally representative survey. Estimates from unconditional quantile regressions and decompositions based on the recentred influence function suggest that LBT raises scores in mathematics, but the effect is non‐linear, as students in the bottom and top quintiles are more likely to benefit from it. In contrast, LBT lowers scores in Chinese and English. Lecture‐based teaching also has greater influence on socio‐economically advantaged students, resulting in larger inequality within classrooms, especially between top and median students. These effects arise under various robustness checks, implying that (i) teaching styles affect scores and classroom inequality and (ii) they appear to be subject‐specific. These results suggest that teaching styles can be used as a tool to influence students’ academic performance as well as the socio‐economic heterogeneity that they bring to their classrooms.
Potential role of the methanolic extract for Olea europaea (stem and leaves) on sporulation of Eimeria papillata oocysts: In vitro study
Authors: Al‐Shaebi Esam M. , Al‐Quraishy Saleh , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida
Published: July 2024

Many plants are efficient anticoccidial agents owing to their content of active chemicals. Drug‐resistant Eimeria species have emerged as a result of excessive drug use. The current work aimed to investigate the oocysticidal activity (Eimeria papillata) of Olea europaea stem extract (OESE) and leaf extract (OELE) in vitro. The results of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis for OELE and OESE showed the presence of 12 and 9 phytochemical compounds, respectively. Also, chemical examination revealed that the plant extracts are rich in phenols, flavonoids and tannins. Additionally, the best radical scavenging activity of OESE and OELE was at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, reaching 92.04 ± 0.02 and 92.4 ± 0.2%, respectively. The in vitro study revealed that concentrations of 200 mg/ml from OESE and OELE caused significant inhibition (100%) of process sporulation for E. papillata oocysts, in contrast to the other commercial products, which displayed varying degrees of suppression sporulation. Our findings showed that OESE and OELE have anticoccidial activity, which motivates further the conduction of in vivo studies in the search for a less expensive and more efficient cure.
Development of a biocompatible 3D hydrogel scaffold using continuous liquid interface production for the delivery of cell therapies to treat recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Kass Lauren , Thang Morrent , Zhang Yu , DeVane Cathleen , Logan Julia , Tessema Addis , Perry Jillian , Hingtgen Shawn
Published: July 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor diagnosed in adults, carrying with it an extremely poor prognosis and limited options for effective treatment. Various cell therapies have emerged as promising candidates for GBM treatment but fail in the clinic due to poor tumor trafficking, poor transplantation efficiency, and high systemic toxicity. In this study, we design, characterize, and test a 3D‐printed cell delivery platform that can enhance the survival of therapeutic cells implanted in the GBM resection cavity. Using continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) to generate a biocompatible 3D hydrogel, we demonstrate that we can effectively seed neural stem cells (NSCs) onto the surface of the hydrogel, and that the cells can proliferate to high densities when cultured for 14 days in vitro. We show that NSCs seeded on CLIP scaffolds persist longer than freely injected cells in vivo, proliferating to 20% higher than their original density in 6 days after implantation. Finally, we demonstrate that therapeutic fibroblasts seeded on CLIP more effectively suppress tumor growth and extend survival in a mouse model of LN229 GBM resection compared to the scaffold or therapeutic cells alone. These promising results demonstrate the potential to leverage CLIP to design hydrogels with various features to control the delivery of different types of cell therapies. Future work will include a more thorough evaluation of the immunological response to the material and improvement of the printing resolution for biocompatible aqueous resins.
Acetylene Hydrogenation Processes Studied Using CFD in a Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Guo Zhixin , Xin Siying , Du Du Chongpeng , Yao Hedan , Pan Liuyi , Lu Chenyang , Li Dong
Published: July 2024

Acetylene hydrogenation reactions (AHR) are typically carried out in fixed bed reactors (FBRs) with high diameter‐to‐particle diameter (D/d). In this study, first, a real catalyst bed was built using the discrete element method, and the suitability of the bed was assessed using empirical equations. Second, a discrete element method‐computational fluid dynamics (DEM‐CFD) model was developed using CFD in conjunction with the reaction mechanism to simulate the AHR in the FBR and was compared with the experimental results. The results show that the DEM‐CFD can well predict the 3D interactions of velocity, temperature, and species for different D/d. The results can provide favorable theoretical guidance for the optimization of FBR and process intensification.
Self‐Assembly of Chemically Programmed Amphiphiles into Aqueous Nanotubes with a Lipophilic Lumen
Authors: Aparicio Fátima , Sancho‐Casado Irene , Chamorro Paula B. , González‐Sánchez Marina , Pujals Silvia , Vega‐Mayoral Victor , González‐Rodríguez David
Published: July 2024

The creation of complex hollow nanostructures with precise control over size and shape represents a great challenge in supramolecular soft materials. Here, we have further developed a bioinspired methodology for the formation of aqueous nanotubes of well‐defined dimensions and pore coating through the self‐assembly of amphiphiles that are chemically programmed with complementary nucleobases. These nanotubes are endowed with a hydrophobic lumen, whose diameter can be expanded as a function of the monomer length, in which apolar dyes can be efficiently encapsulated.
The application of aptamers in the field of aging and age‐related diseases
Authors: Xu LiuJun , Jiang Beier , Qiu WenJing , Jiang Chunxia , Zhang Feng , Tan Weihong
Published: July 2024

The world is transitioning into an aging society, a phenomenon that escalates the risk of age‐related diseases, posing a significant threat to human health. Addressing how to delay aging or achieve healthy aging has become an urgent and pivotal issue. Presently, diverse anti‐aging drugs are under development and entering clinical validation stages. However, the absence of specific aging biomarkers has hindered the identification of corresponding targets for diagnosing and treating aging and age‐related diseases. Aptamer, a novel molecular recognition tool, has found broad application in diagnosing and treating various diseases. Additionally, cell‐based selection holds the potential to identify unidentified molecules that could serve as biomarkers for diseases. Recent years have seen a surge in attention towards aging and age‐related diseases, with the application of aptamer in this domain rapidly advancing. Consequently, this review will provide a concise overview of the aging, with a focus on the utilisation of aptamer in aging and age‐related diseases.
Precision treatment paradigm: Genomic features and therapeutic implications in mesenchymal‐epithelial transition‐amplified gastric cancer
Authors: Yu Yiyi , Zhang Zhening , Zhu Mengxuan , Shan Yu , Wang Yan , Wei Li , Huang Xuan , Sun Debin , Peng Zhao , Liu Tianshu
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite advances in treatments for gastric cancer (GC), new targets are needed to enhance treatment, especially when mesenchymal‐epithelial transition (MET) amplification is involved. Therefore, we investigated the genomic features of MET‐amplified GC and efficacy of anti‐MET therapy.

Methods

Genomic features were investigated in 2284 patients (cohort 1) and 438 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort). RNA data were obtained from TCGA for expression analysis. Clinical responses of 71 patients (cohort 2) were investigated. Survival rates were compared by Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests.

Results

In cohort 1, 95 (4.2%) exhibited MET amplifications. In TCGA cohort, 15 (3.4%) exhibited MET amplifications. The five top mutated genes were TP53, CDH1, ARID1A, KMT2D and PIK3CA in cohort 1 and TTN, TP53, MUC16, LRP1B and SYNE1 in TCGA cohort. TP53, PIK3CA, KRAS and GNAS showed significant single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cohort 1, and TP53 SNVs were significant in TCGA cohort. Fifteen and 18 genes showed significant copy number variations (CNVs) between the MET‐ and non‐MET‐amplified groups in cohort 1 and TCGA cohort, respectively. The PI3K pathway was significantly activated in Chinese patients with MET‐amplified GC (p = 0.002). TP53 expression is negatively associated with MET amplification. Real‐world data obtained with cohort 2 revealed that anti‐MET treatment significantly affected overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002), whereas CNVs did not affect progression‐free or OS even when treatment lines were considered.

Conclusions

MET‐amplified GC has a distinctive mutation landscape. Our findings provide valuable information for clinicians who treat patients with MET‐amplified GC.
A two‐phase volume of fluid approach to model rigid‐perfectly plastic granular materials
Authors: Düsterhöft‐Wriggers W. , Schubert S. , Rung T.
Published: July 2024

Granular flow problems characterized by large deformations are widespread in various applications, including coastal and geotechnical engineering. The paper deals with the application of a rigid‐perfectly plastic two‐phase model extended by the Drucker–Prager yield criterion to simulate granular media with a finite volume flow solver (FV). The model refers to the combination of a Bingham fluid and an Eulerian strain measure to assess the failure region of granular dam slides. A monolithic volume‐of‐fluid (VoF) method is used to distinguish between the air and granular phases, both governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical framework enables modeling of large displacements and arbitrary shapes for large‐scale applications. The displayed validation and verification focuses on the rigid‐perfectly plastic material model for noncohesive and cohesive materials with varying angles of repose. Results indicate a good agreement of the predicted soil surface and strain results with experimental and numerical data.
Forecasting sovereign CDS spreads with a regime‐switching combination method
Authors: Li Jianping , Feng Qianqian , Hao Jun , Sun Xiaolei
Published: July 2024

With the growing importance of the sovereign credit default swap (CDS) market, accurate forecasting of sovereign CDS spreads has gained significant attention. In view of the complex volatility in the series of sovereign CDS spreads, this study presents a novel combination forecasting framework, which introduces time‐varying weights to effectively combine diverse individual models. To identify optimal subsets of models, a mutual information approach is employed, while the regime‐switching method is utilized to integrate the selected models. The proposed method's efficacy is validated using data from 65 countries. Empirical findings underscore the superiority of the proposed approach over benchmark models in terms of both horizontal and directional prediction accuracy, particularly when the sovereign CDS data exhibits a balanced distribution between high and low volatility regimes.
A double‐blind, randomized control trial to investigate the therapeutic potential of garlic scapes for high apoprotein E levels in a high‐Fat diet‐induced hypercholesteremic rat model
Authors: Itrat Nizwa , Nisa Mahr un , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Zongo Eliasse
Published: July 2024

Hypercholesteremia is the main contributor to metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which are the primary global sources of morbidity and death rates. Garlic scapes, a member of the Allium sativum family and a rich source of antioxidants, are utilized in various cuisine preparations due to their unique flavors and tastes. The current study examined garlic scape powder's effect on apoprotein E and its ability to decrease cholesterol. In an in vivo experiment, normal, healthy Wistar albino rats (weeks) were divided into a negative control group (NC, n = 10) and a high‐fat diet‐raised group (n = 50) until they achieved cholesterol ≥250 mg/dL. Hypercholesteremic rats were further divided randomly into five groups: positive control (PC), standard group (fenofibrate 20 mg/kg bwt), and treatment groups G1, G2, and G3 that were administered with garlic scape powder 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1200 mg/kg bwt orally, respectively, for 3 months. The blood samples were examined for cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), low‐density lipoproteins, apoprotein E, albumin levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The liver tissues of the rats were subjected to histopathology. The lipid profile was assessed using serum kit techniques, whereas an ELISA kit was used to evaluate apoprotein E, and a serum kit was used to estimate ALT and AST. In comparison to all other groups except NC, the highest dose of 1200 mg/kg bwt of garlic scapes significantly (p ≤ .05) increased serum insulin (13.66 ± 0.72 μU/mL), apoprotein E levels (6.08 ± 0.10 mg/dL), HDL (42.1 ± 1.81 mg/dL), and reduce TG (88.7 ± 1.64 mg/dL) and decreased overall cholesterol levels (67.9 ± 1.17 mg/dL). Except for NC, all treatment groups had significantly (p ≤ .05) lower ALT and AST values than PC. To sum up, powdered garlic scapes may be a great way to avoid hyperlipidemia, which raises the risk of cardiovascular illnesses. ALT and AST levels were significantly (p ≤ .05) reduced in all treatment groups compared to PC, except for NC. In conclusion, garlic scape powder may be an excellent source to prevent hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In addition, powdered garlic scapes supplementation at high doses may be used as an alternative natural source in functional foods to halt hyperlipidemia without liver toxicity in the long term.
Study on the protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa extract on type 2 diabetes by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism through intestinal flora
Authors: Song Dan , Fang Cheng
Published: July 2024

Aronia melanocarpa, a plant rich in anthocyanins, has been studied for its potential to regulate blood sugar and blood lipids, although the specific mechanism is not yet understood. This research aims to identify the differential bacterial flora and elucidate the mechanism by which it improves glucose and lipid metabolism disorders through 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The study reveals the protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) on liver damage in type 2 diabetic rats. Experimental results demonstrate that AME can effectively modulate the abundance of intestinal flora, reduce colon tissue damage, enhance the weight of diabetic rats, and lower levels of fasting blood sugar, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, liver morphology analysis shows that AME can effectively mitigate liver tissue structural damage in type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, AME regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by influencing intestinal flora, ultimately regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.
Sudden stop: Supply and demand shocks in the German natural gas market
Authors: Güntner Jochen , Reif Magnus , Wolters Maik
Published: July 2024

We use a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model to study the German natural gas market and investigate the impact of the 2022 Russian supply stop on the German economy. Combining conventional and narrative sign restrictions, we find that gas supply and demand shocks have large and persistent price effects, while output effects tend to be moderate. The 2022 natural gas price spike was driven by adverse supply shocks and positive storage demand shocks, as Germany filled its inventories before the winter. Counterfactual simulations of an embargo on natural gas imports from Russia indicate similar positive price and negative output effects compared with what we observe in the data.
Titanium: A systematic review of the relationship between crystallographic profile and cell adhesion
Authors: Celles Cícero Andrade Sigilião , dos Reis Andréa Cândido
Published: July 2024

Dental implant surface properties such as roughness, wettability, and porosity ensure cell interaction and tissue integration. The clinical performance of dental implants depends on the crystallographic texture and protein and cell bonds to the substrates, where grain size, orientation, and inclination are parameters responsible for favoring osteoblast adhesion and limiting bacterial adhesion. The lack of consensus on the best crystallographic plan for cell adhesion prompted this systematic review, which aims to answer the following question: “What is the influence of the crystallographic plane on titanium surfaces on cell adhesion?” by evaluating the literature on the crystallographic characteristics of titanium and how these dictate topographical parameters and influence the cell adhesion of devices made from this material. It followed the Preferred Reporting Standards for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA 2020) registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) (osf.io/xq6kv). The search strategy was based on the PICOS method. It chose in vitro articles that analyzed crystallographic structure correlated with cell adhesion and investigated the microstructure and its effects on cell culture, different crystal orientation distributions, and the influence of crystallinity. The search strategies were applied to the different electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, and the articles found were attached to the Rayyan digital platform and assessed blindly. The Joanna Bringgs Institute (JBI) tool assessed the risk of bias. A total of 248 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 192 were analyzed by title and abstract. Of these, 18 were selected for detailed reading in their entirety, 9 of which met the eligibility criteria. The included studies presented a low risk of bias. The role of the crystallographic orientation of the exposed faces in a multicrystalline material is little discussed in the scientific literature and its impact is recognized as dictating the topographical characteristics of the material that facilitate cell adhesion.
Development of PHBV electrospun fibers containing a borate bioactive glass doped with Co, Cu, and Zn for wound dressings
Authors: dos Santos Verônica Ribeiro , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , Anselmi Caroline , de Souza Joyce Rodrigues , Lemes Ana Paula , Thim Gilmar Patrocínio , Bottino Marco Cicero , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , de Sousa Trichês Eliandra
Published: July 2024

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers embedded with borate glasses of 45B5 composition doped with Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+(46.1 B₂O₃26.9‐X CaO24.4 Na₂O2.6 P₂O₅, X CoO/CuO/ZnO mol % (X = 0–5)) were produced by electrospinning for wound healing applications. Prior to their addition, the glasses exhibited two broad halos typical of a vitreous borate network, which were mainly composed of ring‐type metaborate structural units. The particle distribution in the PHBV nanofibers embedded with 45B5 borate bioactive glasses is present in isolated and agglomerated states, being partially coated by a polymeric layer—except for the cobalt‐doped glass, which resulted in a successful encapsulation with 100% embedding efficiency. The incorporation of the glasses reduced the PHBV crystallinity degree and its decomposition temperature, as well as its mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The neat PHBV fibers and those containing the cobalt‐doped glasses demonstrated great cytocompatibility with human keratinocytes (HaCat), as suggested by the high cell viability after 7 days of exposure. Further studies are needed to fully understand the wound healing potential of these fibers, but our results significantly contribute to the area.
Unveiling the nephrotoxic profile of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A real‐world experience in Africa
Authors: Ayalew Zekarias Seifu , Azibte Gebeyehu Tessema , Tadesse Fisihatsion , Legesse Biruk Abate , Kiflu Zerubabel Getahun , Weldeamanuel Mahlet Tsige , Tsige Kibrekidusan Aynekulu , Molla Bereket Abraha , Ejigu Addisu Melkie
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The efficacy of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia and other malignancies is well‐documented. However, concerns about potential nephrotoxicity have raised questions. This study, conducted at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aimed to investigate the association between TKIs and renal toxicities.

Methods

A hospital‐based cross‐sectional design was used to enroll 260 TASH patients actively receiving BCR‐ABL TKIs. Demographic information, diagnoses, treatment details, and laboratory test results were collected for each participant's Electronic Medical Record. The primary goal was to assess adverse renal events, a combination of events of a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) exceeding 30% from baseline, significant proteinuria, and a diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). A logistic regression model was used to analyze the data and identify factors associated with developing adverse renal events.

Results

Our analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in eGFR following treatment with TKIs. However, the observed rate of adverse renal events (13.1%) was lower than reported in some previous studies. Factors significantly associated with adverse renal events included longer TKI duration, male sex (protective), hypertension, HIV infection, and achieving complete molecular remission and/or a complete hematologic response. No significant associations were found with diabetes mellitus, age, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors use, or baseline creatinine level.

Conclusions

While this study found that BCR‐ABL TKIs can lead to a decline in eGFR, AKI, and CKD, it also demonstrated that they were relatively safer in our study population.
Spontaneous excretion of a pseudomembranous intestinal cast in an infant with an acute diarrhoeal illness: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cairney David G. , Fineron Paul , Kirby Andrew J. , Henderson Paul , Gillett Peter M.
Published: July 2024

We present a case of an 8‐week‐old infant with acute bloody diarrhoea and subsequent passage of an intestinal cast. An extensive immune and infection work‐up did not reveal a causative aetiology. Histopathology indicated the cast represented an intestinal pseudomembrane. 16S bacterial polymersae chain reaction of the pathology specimen was negative. The infant required a period of parenteral nutrition due to diarrhoeal losses but made a full recovery and had no sequelae from this illness. Intestinal casts are a rare occurrence, particularly in paediatrics. It prompts a wide differential which includes acute infection, immunodeficiency and ischaemia. Accurate quantification of stool losses, appropriate nutrition support and liaison with microbiology colleagues were essential in this case.
Improved survival with immunotherapy for microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases
Authors: Khorfan Rhami , Sedighim Shaina , Caba‐Molina David , Tran Thuy B. , Senthil Maheswari , O'Leary Michael P. , Eng Oliver S.
Published: July 2024

Background

KEYNOTE‐177 demonstrated that immunotherapy was superior to chemotherapy for microsatellite‐instability‐high (MSI‐high) metastatic colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (CRPM) has a poorer prognosis than other metastatic sites, with an unclear role of immunotherapy. We evaluated trends in immunotherapy use and overall survival (OS).

Methods

Patients with CRPM and MSI testing were identified in the National Cancer Database (2016−2020). We evaluated immunotherapy use by year and associated patient/hospital factors. OS was compared for immunotherapy versus chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and immunotherapy plus CRS.

Results

Among 15 322 CRPM patients, 7072 (46.2%) patients had documented MSI testing, with 819 (11.6%) MSI‐high. Ninety‐eight MSI‐high patients received immunotherapy alone (12.3%), increasing from 0% in 2016 to 19.1% in 2020 (p < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, only higher comorbidity was associated with immunotherapy (OR: 2.83 [1.22−6.52]). Two‐year OS with immunotherapy versus chemotherapy was 64.2% versus 54.1% (p < 0.05). In patients receiving CRS plus systemic therapy (N = 96), 2‐year OS was 68.4%. Among patients who underwent immunotherapy and CRS versus immunotherapy alone, 2‐year OS was 80.0% versus 60.0% (p = 0.14).

Conclusions

Immunotherapy was associated with significantly better survival compared to chemotherapy in MSI‐high CRPM. Two‐year OS with systemic + CRS was 68.4%. Despite its role in guiding treatment, MSI testing remains low for these patients.
Younger age is a risk factor for developing recurrent or postoperative osteochondritis dissecans after surgery for discoid lateral meniscus with/without preoperative osteochondritis dissecans
Authors: Iida Ken , Hashimoto Yusuke , Nishino Kazuya , Tsumoto Shuko , Takigami Junsei , Tomihara Tomohiro , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment of the discoid lateral meniscus with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) through clinical and radiological evaluations, focusing on recurrent or postoperative OCD occurrence.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus with OCD (pre‐OCD group) and without OCD (non‐OCD group) who had undergone arthroscopic surgery with >5 years of follow‐up. Age, sex, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, surgical procedure, and recurrent or postoperative OCD lesions were compared. The association between patient variables and postoperative OCD was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of the 95 knees, 15 (15%) were in the pre‐OCD group. Healing was observed in 14/15 (93%) knees. Recurrent and postoperative OCDs were reported in 4/15 (28.5%) knees in the pre‐OCD and 7/80 (8.8%) knees in the non‐OCD groups at a mean of 3.2 ± 1.1 and 3.7 ± 1.2 years, respectively. Pre‐ and postoperative Tegner activity scale and Lysholm scores were higher in the pre‐OCD group but similar to those in the non‐OCD group. The incidence of recurrent OCD in the pre‐OCD group was significantly higher than that of postoperative OCD in the non‐OCD group. Younger patients (odds ratio, 0.49; p = 0.003) had an increased risk of experiencing recurrent or postoperative OCD in multivariate analysis. The optimal cutoff age for distinguishing recurrent or postoperative OCD was 9 years.

Conclusion

Surgical procedures for OCD lesions in the pre‐OCD group were successful. Multivariate analysis identified age as a risk factor for recurrent or postoperative OCD; therefore, conservative treatment is recommended for patients with discoid lateral meniscus before preadolescence to prevent postoperative OCD occurrence.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
A Decade of Single‐Center Experience in Children With Congenital Pyriform Sinus Fistula (CPSF)
Authors: Ji Tingting , Long Ting , Liu Yuwei , Tai Jun , Zhang Jie , Li Yanzhen , Zhang Xuexi , Liu Zhiyong , Liu Qiaoyin , Sun Nian , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser cauterization in the treatment of pediatric congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF), and to track and follow up the long‐term outcome of the postoperative patients.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted at a single center, where clinical data and follow‐up information of children with CPSF who underwent CO2 laser cauterization with the assistance of a suspension laryngoscope and microscope were collected and analyzed their clinical characteristics and prognosis. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of the number of laser cauterization procedures.

Results

A total of 238 children diagnosed with CPSF were recruited for this study, with 235 patients successfully achieving closure of the internal fistula through one or more CO2 laser cauterization procedures without recurrence. The median duration of follow‐up was 6.46 (5.20, 7.64) years. Merely three patients (1.3%) developed recurrent cervical infection and eventually underwent open neck surgery. There were no instances of permanent perioperative complications throughout the follow‐up. Additionally, our analysis revealed that the age at the first operation of CO2 laser cauterization was an independent risk factor associated with the number of operations.

Conclusions

The CO2 laser cauterization for children with CPSF is an effective and safe treatment with a low recurrence rate and minimal complications during the follow‐up period. Consequently, it is advisable to consider CO2 laser cauterization as a viable therapeutic option for managing pediatric CPSF.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:5193–5200, 2024
A Novel Route to Glass Fiber‐Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites: Visible Light Activated Radical Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Kurtulus Cenk , Ciftci Mustafa , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla
Published: July 2024

In the current study, a novel radical‐induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) concept capable of rapid curing at room temperature via visible light irradiation is represented. Initially, the optimal formulation, which can be most effectively cured with visible light irradiation, is determined based on thickness, hardness, curing speed, and mechanical properties using FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, and flexural test methods. Subsequently, the viability of the method is illustrated by fabricating glass fiber‐reinforced composites through the hand lay‐up technique, employing the optimized formulation and glass fibers in various forms (chopped strand mat and biaxial). Mechanical properties of the obtained composites, including bending, tensile, and shear tests, are carried out according to relevant international standards and compared with reference composites thermally cured with amine‐based hardener by conventional method.
The Dark Triad of brand personality: Scale development and validation
Authors: Malär Lucia , Giuffredi‐Kähr Andrea
Published: July 2024

Despite the considerable magnitude of negative brand personalities in the marketplace, prior research has disproportionately focused on positive personality traits. To address this research gap, the authors present a conceptual and empirical approach that draws from the Dark Triad of psychology and applies it to the branding domain. They conceptualize and validate the Dark Triad of brand personality which comprises brand narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy dimensions. Through a multiphase scale development process, a reliable and valid 12‐item brief version of the Dark Triad of brand personality is created, enabling its assessment in both research and management contexts. Examining the Dark Triad in branding is crucial as it provides a unique lens to understand the rise of negative, dark brand personalities. It accounts for brand personality aspects not yet captured by existing scales, including manipulation, exploitation, grandiosity, and lack of empathy. This introduction of the Dark Triad brand personality opens new avenues for research into brand transgressions and ethics in brand management. In terms of managerial implications, insights from this research can inform strategic brand management, enabling companies to better manage their brand's image.