bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA PROPOSTA DE ABORDAGEM DO PRINCÍPIO DE ARQUIMEDES A PARTIR DA INVESTIGAÇÃO DO EPISÓDIO DA COROA
Authors: Santos Júnior Erisvaldo Ramalho dos , Hidalgo Juliana Mesquita
Published: June 2024

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo colaborar com a abordagem do Princípio de Arquimedes no contexto educacional básico, considerando as nuances do desenvolvimento histórico desse conhecimento científico. Tomou como ponto de partida o episódio histórico envolvendo Arquimedes e a tarefa atribuída a ele de determinar se a coroa do Rei Hieron, de Siracusa, havia sido falsificada. Há uma versão muito difundida desse evento, segundo a qual Arquimedes resolveu o problema por meio da descoberta do empuxo ao se banhar. Essa versão foi narrada pelo arquiteto romano Marcus Vitruvius, que viveu cerca de dois séculos após Arquimedes, no século I a.C. Apesar de possuir uma série de inconsistências conceituais físicas e históricas, a narrativa continua sendo propagada no contexto educacional. Em contrapartida, Galileu Galilei sugeriu, em 1586, no seu trabalho denominado La Bilancetta, que Arquimedes teria utilizado uma Balança Hidrostática para resolver o problema da coroa. A versão de Galileu para o episódio é fisicamente consistente, além de apoiada por evidências históricas descobertas por historiadores. Esta versão, contudo, é praticamente ausente do contexto escolar. Igualmente ausente é a existência de um limite de validade para o Princípio de Arquimedes, assinalada pelo chamado Paradoxo Hidrostático de Galileu. Buscando contribuir para a superação dessas lacunas e distorções, o presente trabalho propõe um Produto Educacional que problematiza, sob os pontos de vista físico e histórico, a versão mais conhecida do episódio da coroa. Trata-se de uma sequência didática, voltada para o Ensino Médio, que introduz, de maneira investigativa, trechos de fontes primárias de Vitruvius e de Galileu, bem como contempla atividades experimentais demonstrativas, exploradas segundo um viés dialogado e investigativo, que incluem a própria Balança Hidrostática, além de um limite de validade para o Princípio de Arquimedes.
“Motumbaxé”: uma experiência interseccional no acompanhamento de uma criança negra
Authors: JULIANO D. C. R. S. , ABRANTES S. P.
Published: June 2024

This is an experience report, whose main objective is to highlight the professional practice that identifies and values the experience of a black child in the context of protection and care network established within a religion of African origin. This report is the sum of conceptual, methodological and intentional efforts of practices built in action, in the articulation of actions and in the daily commitment to understanding the interpellation of racism in the construction of black childhoods and families. The concept of intersectionality is an ally to address the issues that permeate this article. It is a concept that is the result of the experiences of black women who have come to assume a leading role around the construction of knowledge, with their powerful voices when thinking about everyday issues. We realize that there are still persistent practices that do not encourage child protagonism, as well as discriminatory practices against religions of African origin.
An extracellular, Ca 2+ -activated nuclease (EcnA) mediates transformation in a naturally competent archaeon.
Authors: Costa Kyle C. , Fonseca Dallas R. , Day Leslie A. , Crone Kathryn K.
Published: June 2024

Transformation, the uptake of DNA directly from the environment, is a
major driver of gene flow in microbial populations. In bacteria, DNA
uptake requires a nuclease that processes dsDNA to ssDNA, which is
subsequently transferred into the cell and incorporated into the genome.
However, the process of DNA uptake in archaea is still unknown.
Previously, we cataloged genes essential to natural transformation in
Methanococcus maripaludis, but few homologs of bacterial
transformation-associated genes were identified. Here, we characterize
one gene, MMJJ_16440 (named here as ecnA) to be a membrane-bound
nuclease. We show that EcnA is Ca -activated,
present on the cell surface, and essential for transformation. While
EcnA is capable of degrading several forms of DNA, the highest activity
was observed with ssDNA as a substrate. Activity was also observed with
circular dsDNA, suggesting that EcnA is an endonuclease. This is the
first biochemical characterization of a transformation-associated
protein in a member of the archaeal domain and suggests that both
archaeal and bacterial transformation initiate in an analogous fashion.
Decoding the Neural Impact of Radical Complexity in Chinese Characters During Working Memory Task
Authors: Li Hongli , Zhao Xin
Published: June 2024

Readers of Chinese characters need to recognise how they are formed in
order to identify them correctly. However, our understanding of the
cognitive processing of characters in working memory is limited. Using
the character N-back task paradigm, electrophysiological data were
recorded from 30 participants to investigate the effects of the number
of radicals and from 30 participants to investigate the effects of the
function of radicals on neural activity during the recognition,
updating, and maintenance of characters in working memory. Results
showed that compound and irregular characters were less correct and
required longer response times than single-component and regular
characters. In addition, the compound character condition had more
negative N2pc, lower P300 and lower SW amplitude than the
single-component character condition. Meanwhile, there was a larger P200
in the irregular character condition than in the regular character
condition, but there was no difference between the regular character and
the irregular character in the N2pc, P300, and SW components. The number
of radicals and the function of the radicals may have different effects
on the character processing. This study reveals the neural effects of
Chinese character radicals on cognitive processing in a working memory
task and provides behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for a
theoretical model of verbal working memory subprocesses.
Characterization of Pretreatment Drug Resistance among people living with HIV from 2018 to 2022 in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Lv Shiyun , Lan Yun , Chen Jingliang , He Yaozu , Li Quanmin , Ling Xuemei , Li Junbin , Li Liya , Guo Pengle , Hu Fengyu , Cai Weiping , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua
Published: June 2024

The presence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) may jeopardize the
success of standardized HIV management protocols in resource-limited
settings. We evaluated the prevalence of and factors influencing PDR in
Guangzhou, China, as well as the distribution of drug resistance
mutations (DRMs) among HIV subtypes. Blood samples were collected from
patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2018 to 2022 in
Guangzhou, China. PDR was analysed using HIV pol sequences. The
prevalence of PDR in Guangzhou was 7.4%, with resistance rates to
nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), nonnucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) of 1.3%,
4.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. Abacavir (0.8%) resistance was the most
common in NRTI, followed by resistance to emtricitabine (0.6%),
lamivudine (0.6%), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (0.3%). In NNRTI,
nevirapine (3.7%) resistance was the most common, followed by efavirenz
(3.5%) and rilpivirine (3.4%). In the multivariable logistic
regression model, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity (adjusted odds
ratio [aOR], 1.42; P<0.05), CRF55_01B (aOR, 3.39;
P<0.001), CRF08_BC (aOR, 2.69;
P<0.001), CRF59_01B (aOR, 1.90;
P<0.05), and subtype B (aOR, 2.43;
P<0.001) were demonstrated as influencing factors for
PDR. CRF55_01B had the highest prevalence of DRMs (43.6%), followed by
CRF01_AE (24.0%) and CRF07_BC (19.3%), whereas CRF07_BC (29.0%)
showed the highest rate of drug resistance. The overall prevalence of
PDR in Guangzhou was moderate, with relatively severe NNRTI resistance.
HIV subtype is a significant risk factor for PDR. Therefore, monitoring
of PDR and HIV subtype should be strengthened.
Broad-spectrum coronavirus neutralization induced by hetero RBD-Fc protein vaccine
Authors: Zhao Chaoyue , Cai Guonan , Jiang Shuai , Wang Xun , Li Chen , Liu Xinyu , Qiao Rui , Zhao Xiaoyu , Cui Yuchen , Chen Yanjia , Li Jiayan , Liu Changyi , Yu Jizhen , Gong Jiami , Wang Pengfei
Published: June 2024

In the landscape of infectious diseases, human coronaviruses such as
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 pose significant threats,
characterized by severe respiratory illnesses and notable resistance to
conventional treatments due to their rapid evolution and the emergence
of diverse variants, particularly within SARS-CoV-2. This study
investigates the development of broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines
using heterodimeric RBD-Fc proteins engineered through the
‘Knob-into-Hole’ technique. We constructed various recombinant proteins
incorporating the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of different
coronaviruses. Heterodimers combining RBDs from SARS-CoV-2 with those of
SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV elicited superior neutralizing responses compared
to homodimeric proteins in murine models. Additionally, heterotetrameric
proteins, specifically D614G_Delta/BA.1_XBB.1.5-RBD and
MERS_D614G/BA.1_XBB.1.5-RBD, demonstrated remarkable breadth and
potency in neutralizing all known SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV, related
sarbecoviruses like GD-Pangolin and WIV1, and even MERS-CoV
pseudoviruses. Furthermore, these heterotetrameric proteins also
demonstrated enhanced cellular immune responses. These findings
underscore the potential of recombinant hetero proteins as a universal
vaccine strategy against current and future coronavirus threats.
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Heat sink Conical fin with Inline and Staggered Arrangement
Authors: Jasim Faeq H. , Zaidanba Maki H. , Abed Fayadh M.
Published: June 2024

An experimental study was conducted to investigate how the arrangement
of conical fins enhances the performance of a heat sink under forced
convection conditions. Two types of heat sinks were manufactured: a
staggered heat sink and an inline heat sink. The heat sink was
manufactured from AL383 alloy, and the dimensions of the fins are 50 mm
in height, 12 mm in diameter, with a distance of 30 mm between them. The
heat sink is positioned within a horizontal channel. Five different
speeds, ranging from 1.5 to 4 m/s, were utilized with a constant heat
source. A variety of variables were examined, including heat
dissipation, heat transfer coefficient, temperature distribution along
the fin, Reynolds number (Re), Nusselt number (Nu), and heat sink
efficiency. It’s evident from the results that the staggered heat sinks
disperse heat more effectively than the inline heat sink, exhibiting an
8.78% increase in heat dissipation at Re 15000. Furthermore, the
staggered heat sink demonstrates a significant improvement in the heat
transfer coefficient (h), with a 35% enhancement at Re 15000 compared
to the inline heat sink. The Nusselt number of staggered heat sinks
increases with an increase in Reynolds number. The ANSYS program was
utilized to determine the optimal height-to-diameter (B/d) ratio for the
conical fin. While the diameter could vary from 8 mm to 16 mm, the
height remained constant at 50 mm. Consequently, the ratio was tested at
(6.2, 5, 4, 3.5, 3.1). The staggered heat sink dissipated 8.78% more
heat than the linear heat sink at Re 15000. The heat transfer
coefficient (h) value increases by 35% at Re 15000 for the staggered
heat sink compared with the linear heat sink. Additionally, the Nusselt
number increases with the rise in the Reynolds number (Re) and is higher
for the staggered then the inline heat sink by 45% at Re 15000. Also,
the results clearly convey the finding that the efficiency at Re 15000,
the staggered heat sink outperforms the inline heat sink by 7.24%.
Additionally, the optimal ratio for dispersing heats throughout the
fin’s length was (B/d=4).
Magneto - bioconvective flow of a Casson -- Williamson nanoliquid containing oxytactic microorganisms
Authors: Patil P. M. , Benawadi Sunil , Momoniat E.
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the collective impacts of magnetic field,
Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and buoyancy force on the Casson –
Williamson nanoliquid over a rough slender cylinder. The novelty of this
paper is to inspect the effect of inclined magnetic field (in
particular, at an angle of 45 to the liquid flow)
over an oxytactic bioconvective nanoliquid flow. To simulate the
problem, a set of nonlinearly coupled partial differential equations is
employed, and nonsimilar transformations are used to reduce them into
nondimensional form. For mathematical simplification, an implicit finite
difference scheme and Quasilinearization technique are used. The
outcomes for the influences of several significant parameters on the
mass and heat transmission properties are illustrated through graphs.
Temperature and velocity profiles are pronounced to be more for
augmenting values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The
heat transmission and coefficient of skin friction are enhanced with the
surface roughness parameter, while skin friction increases and the heat
transmission decreases with the magnetic parameter. The mass
transmission rate of oxygen liquid, and microbial density number enhance
with the higher bioconvection Lewis number and Peclet number. In a
comparison with earlier published works, the results are discovered to
be highly concordant.
A Comprehensive Review of Path Planning Techniques for Mobile Robot Navigation in Known and Unknown Environments
Authors: Nasti Shoaib Mohd , Chishti Mohammad Ahsan , Najar Zahoor Ahmad
Published: June 2024

The increasing use of mobile robots in everyday life has ne- cessitated
the development of efficient path planning algo- rithms to enable safe
and reliable navigation in both known and unknown environments. Path
planning is the process of discovering an optimal and safe path for a
robot to navigate from its starting point to its destination. Finding
the ideal collision-free path is one of the most challenging aspects of
mobile robot navigation. There are various path-planning techniques to
obtain an optimal path in the presence of ob- stacles; an optimal path
planning technique of mobile robot saves time and reduces capital
investment. These techniques can be divided into two categories viz
clas- sical and heuristic. This paper provides a comprehensive re- view
of path planning techniques for mobile robot naviga- tion in known and
unknown environments. Path planning becomes more challenging in unknown
environments, where a robot does not have prior knowledge about the
surround- ings. In contrast, path planning in known environments can
utilize prior knowledge about the environment to find an op- timal path.
When comparing classical and heuristic approaches, it has been found
that heuristic approaches are more resilient and perform well in all
environments because they can deal with uncertainties. Heuristic
approaches are also employed as hybrid algorithms to increase the
performance of the clas- sical approaches. Heuristic techniques are
well-known and frequently used for mobile robot path planning. Key opti-
mization criteria, including path length, smoothness and safety degree,
are also critically assessed. The paper also tabulates the advantages,
disadvantages, and comparison of classical and heuristic path-planning
techniques. The paper finally concludes by discussing potential future
research directions to provide a roadmap for future advancements in
mobile robot path planning techniques
Contraceptive Use in the Gaza Strip: A Systematic Review
Authors: LAGORE Albany , KRIDLI Suha , PISCOTTY Ronald
Published: June 2024

Background: Between 2017-2019, the average total fertility rate
in Gaza was 3.9 births per woman, which is significantly higher than the
average global total fertility rate at 2.4 births per woman in 2018.
Reliable family planning methods allow women and men to avoid unintended
pregnancies and reduce maternal mortality. Purpose: The purpose
of this systematic review was to examine what is known about
contraceptive use in the Gaza Strip, including: 1) common contraceptive
methods used, 2) access to contraceptive services, and 3) barriers
impacting family planning services. Methods: The review was
conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published in the English
language within the last 10 years (2013 to 2023) were screened from the
following databases: CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
Results: Seven articles were included in the final analysis.
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the
Near East (UNRWA) was found to be the main family planning service
provider in the Gaza Strip (61%). Intrauterine devices (35.4%) were
found to be the main method of contraception. Factors identified that
impact contraceptive use included: 1) access to contraceptives, 2)
cultural beliefs, 3) demographic characteristics (e.g., occupation and
education), and 4) healthcare provider (HCP) and system influence.
Implications: The restriction of goods into the Gaza Strip
continues to impact contraceptive accessibility. Educational
interventions should focus on addressing contraceptive misconceptions
among Gazan women and HCPs while giving special attention to cultural
beliefs (e.g., desire for several children) and demographic
characteristics, specifically relating to occupation and education
status. Conclusion: Unintended pregnancies are preventable
through the effective use of contraceptives. Future studies should
prioritize interventions aimed at overcoming barriers to contraceptive
use in the Gaza Strip, thereby promoting and safeguarding Gazan
individuals’ ability to exercise their reproductive health rights
freely.
Comparative Effectiveness of Statins and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Modulating Triglyceride Levels and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Patel Shivam
Published: June 2024

There was enough evidence to show that both statins and ω−3 fatty acids,
reduce triglyceride levels in type 2 diabetes patients. However, when it
comes to the reduction of cardiovascular outcomes, the pooled relative
risk from statins showed no significant reduction in cardiovascular
outcomes from the baseline as opposed to ω−3 fatty acids, which
indicated a significant decrease. The benefits of using statins in T2DM
patients were outweighed by the side impacts as opposed to the usage of
n-3. : Concerning type 2 diabetes patients, we found that ω−3 fatty
acids were the best choice of medication in reducing triglyceride levels
and cardiovascular outcomes.
The OsZIP2 transporter is involved in root-to-shoot translocation and intervascular transfer of cadmium in rice
Authors: Huang Xin-Yuan , Li Meng-Zhen , Hu Da-Wei , Liu Xiang-Qian , Zhang Rui , Liu Huan , Tang Zhong , Zhao Fang-Jie
Published: June 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that poses serious threats to human
health. Rice is a major source of dietary Cd but how rice plants
transport Cd to the grain is not fully understood. Here, we characterize
the function of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like protein) family protein, OsZIP2,
in the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd and intervascular transfer of
Cd in nodes. OsZIP2 is localized at the plasma membrane and exhibited Cd
transport activity when heterologously expressed in
yeast. OsZIP2 is strongly expressed in xylem parenchyma cells in
roots and in enlarged vascular bundles in nodes. Knockout of
OsZIP2 significantly enhanced root-to-shoot translocation of Cd
and alleviated the inhibition of root elongation by excess Cd stress;
whereas overexpression of OsZIP2 decreased Cd translocation to
shoots and resulted in Cd sensitivity. Knockout of OsZIP2
increased Cd allocation to the flag leaf but decreased Cd allocation to
the panicle and grain. We further reveal that the variation of
OsZIP2 expression level contributes to grain Cd concentration
among rice germplasms. Our results demonstrate that OsZIP2 functions in
root-to-shoot translocation of Cd in roots and intervascular transfer of
Cd in nodes, which can be used for breeding low Cd rice varieties.
Lung Ultrasound Scores Predict Extubation Readiness in Acutely and Chronically Ventilated Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Singhal Madhavi , Feinstein Kate , D Michael Schreiber , D Jeremy Marks , Sriram Sudhir
Published: June 2024

Objective: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants often require
invasive mechanical ventilation. However, determining when infants
should be extubated remains a clinical decision, and extubation trials
often fail. Bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) scoring in VLBW infants allows
assessment of lung aeration. Lung ultrasound scores may be helpful in
determining the success of an extubation attempt. We assessed the
utility of the LUS score to predict extubation readiness in VLBW infants
and assessed the effect of postnatal steroids on lung ultrasound scores
in babies who were ventilated for > 30 days. Study
Design: Study participants were invasively mechanically ventilated VLBW
infants. We measured infants’ LUS scores before planned extubations,
determined the success of the extubation attempt and compared scores
between successfully and unsuccessfully extubated infants.
Results: VLBW infants (N=45), with gestational age 27±2 weeks
and birth weight 858±289 grams, were studied. LUS scores were lower in
successfully extubated infants (median 5, IQR 2-8) compared with those
of unsuccessfully extubated infants (12, IQR 9.12; p=0.001). No infant
with LUS <7 failed extubation. LUS scores were higher in
babies ventilated >30 days (median 10, IQR 7-12) compared
with babies ventilated <30 days (4; IQR 2-8,
P<0.005). In infants ventilated > 30 days, LUS
scores did not differ between infants treated or not with postnatal
steroids. Conclusions: Lung ultrasound scores are excellent
predictors of extubation readiness in VLBW infants. Lung ultrasound
scores are higher in chronically ventilated infants. Use of postnatal
steroids does not affect the lung ultrasound scores at the time of
extubation.
Exploring the Dynamics of Sports Car Pricing: An Analytical Approach Using Machine Learning
Authors: J.H.Habeeb Rasha , Fadare Olusolade Aribake , Al-Turjman Fadi
Published: June 2024

The pricing dynamics of sports cars are influenced by a complex
interplay of technical specifications and market perceptions. This paper
presents a comprehensive analysis using machine learning models to
uncover the relationships between various car features and their impact
on pricing. We employed linear regression, decision trees, and random
forests to predict sports car prices based on features such as torque,
horsepower, engine size, acceleration metrics, and model year. The study
revealed that while technical features like torque and horsepower
significantly affect prices, non-technical factors such as brand
prestige and the allure of vintage models also play crucial roles. Our
results demonstrate that tree-based models, specifically decision trees
and random forests, provide high predictive accuracy, capturing complex
non-linear relationships better than linear models. These models
effectively highlighted the predominant influence of performance-related
features while also suggesting the significant impact of intangible
factors like brand and historical value. This study opens the door for
future research to integrate broader variables, including consumer
behavior and economic conditions, to refine the understanding of pricing
strategies in the sports car market. By leveraging advanced machine
learning technique.(
Abstract
)
Geographic patterns of intra- and interspecific diversity of riverine fish species in the Italian Northern Apennines and Ligurian Alps
Authors: Kirschner Dominik , Vance Gabrielle , Marques Virginie , Goralczyk Monika , Valentini Alice , Zhang Xiaowei , Willet Sean , Altermatt Florian , Pellissier Loïc
Published: June 2024

Understanding the intricate dynamics of biodiversity within and across
riverine ecosystems, influenced by geological history and environmental
factors, is crucial for effective conservation and management
strategies. Italy, particularly the Ligurian region, harbors diverse
freshwater fish communities and populations shaped by unique geological
and hydrological conditions. Here, we investigated the suitability of
eDNA-metabarcoding to identify inter- and intraspecific diversity
patterns of riverine fish populations along the main drainage divide
(MDD) between the Adriatic and Ligurian basins in Northern Italy. We
collected 96 aquatic eDNA samples across 48 riverine sites, amplified
them using a cytb primer pair and denoised the sequences to retrieve
amplicon sequence variants (ASV). We calculated communities’
phylogenetic distance with betaMPD based on genetic distances derived
from the ASVs, combined them with conductance-based landscape metrics
and applied generalized dissimilarity models (GDM) to assess spatial
genetic structure. Our results reveal genetic differentiation among
populations of several fish species, with some displaying clustering
patterns across the drainage divide and isolation by distance patterns.
Overall, taxon richness was significantly higher in the Ligurian sites
(25) than in the Adriatic side of the MDD (22), as was ASV richness (205
vs. 196). Our findings highlight the effectiveness of eDNA-metabarcoding
in uncovering various facets of diversity, shedding light on hidden
genetic diversity within ASVs, and revealing significant spatial genetic
structuring in freshwater fish populations across multiple species.
Determination of predictive factors for failure of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in PICU
Authors: Onur Derşan , Atakul Gulhan , İşgüder Rana
Published: June 2024

Objective: Although high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a
commonly used treatment method to manage respiratory distress in
children, it may still result in treatment failure requiring advanced
airway support. Such treatment failure can lead to increased morbidity
and mortality. In light of this, a cross-sectional observational study
was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to identify
predictive factors associated with HFNC failure in children.
Materials and methods: A total of 187 patients aged between one
month and 18 years with moderate to severe respiratory distress treated
with HFNC therapy in the PICU between October 2018 and January 2020 were
included in the study. Patients with chronic lung disease and cyanotic
congenital heart disease were excluded. Clinical assessments included
respiratory scores, relevant laboratory data, and treatment outcomes. In
the statistical analysis, data variables were evaluated using the
Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, receiver operating characteristic, and
multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Analysis of
114 patients revealed a HFNC treatment failure rate of 31.6%.
Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the presence of medical
comorbidities (OR: 25.8, 95% CI: 2.61-254.5, p=0.005), an increased
mRDAI score at the first hour of HFNC therapy (OR: 2.9, 95% CI:
1.32-6.48, p=0.008), and higher PRISM scores (OR: 2.1, 95% CI:
1.44-3.07, p<0.001) were significant predictors of HFNC
failure. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of
early identification of predictive factors for HFNC therapy failure to
improve management strategies and patient outcomes in pediatric patients
with respiratory distress.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Response in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sterling Sebastian , Tashkent Yasmina , Chai Cheng Sheng , Perkins Griffith , Rieger Nicholas , Coates P. Toby , Wigg Alan
Published: June 2024

Organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of contracting severe
Covid due to their chronic immunosuppression, having both a significant
increase in morbidity and mortality. Attempts to mitigate the
contraction of COVID-19, the expeditious role out of the vaccines was
first offered to those in this vulnerable subclass. Quickly established
was the need for further booster doses to promote the immunological
response in the immunosuppressed. This paper is a uni-centred study,
exploring the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-Spike
immunoglobulin levels in a small subset of liver transplant recipients
in Adelaide, South Australia, pre- and post 3rd administration of the
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Peripheral bloods samples taken were compared to a
group of health controls. The data showed that a minimum of three doses
of the vaccine were required in the liver transplant patients, in order
to express both anti-RBD and anti-Spike IgG to levels that were
statistically comparable to that of healthy individuals.
Clinical-laboratory, therapeutic and survival profile of patients with low-risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasm in southern Brazil
Authors: Weber Cristian , Soares Tahiane
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Myelodysplastic Neoplasm (MDS) are a heterogeneous group
of hematological malignant diseases characterized by cytopenias and by a
variable risk of evolution to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Objective:
To report the epidemiological profile of patients with low-risk MDS, the
therapies used, and the morbidity and mortality outcomes. Methods: Data
were collected from 62 patients with low-risk MDS, diagnosed between
2010 and 2020, excluding patients with secondary myelodysplasia causes.
Results: The median age at the diagnosis was 66 years. The most
frequently used treatment was erythropoietin (EPO), with a positive
correlation between serum erythropoietin levels below 500U/L and
therapeutic response, with a correlation coefficient of 0.44 using the
Cramer’s V test (p<0.05). The median overall survival for very
low risk, low risk and intermediate risk was 70, 82 and 32 months, and
median progression-free survival was 70, 60 and 13 months, respectively.
Factors associated with lower survival included platelet count
<50,000/μl at diagnosis (RR of 2.54, p = 0.005) and iron
overload (RR of 2.1, p = 0.02) while a sustained response to
erythropoietin for more than 12 months was associated with higher
survival (RR of 0.23, p <0.001). Conclusion: This study
reinforces the importance of risk stratification at the time of
diagnosis, highlighting its correlation with survival outcomes. It is
evident the relevance of iron chelation therapy in improving the overall
survival of these patients, as well as the need to investigate
alternative therapies for patients with loss of response to the use of
EPO in less than 12 months.
“Understanding Enterococcus Biofilm: A Path to Targeted Therapy”
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Fawad , Tendulkar Mugdha , Syed Abdul Shah , Fatima Laveeza , Riaz Sania , Raza Fatima , Haseeb Iqra , Tendulkar Reshma , jaber Mohammed hammad
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The prevalence of nosocomial infections is escalating due to
the rise of antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE pathogens, including
Enterococcus species. This review explores the molecular intricacies
governing biofilm formation in Enterococcus, shedding light on its
persistent nature and implications for treatment. The study delves into
genetic determinants, efflux pumps, and metabolic adaptations driving
antibiotic resistance and biofilm resilience. Challenges in current
therapeutic approaches are highlighted, emphasizing the need for
precision medicine tailored to Enterococcus strains. The review presents
emerging therapeutic strategies, including bacteriophage therapy and
engineered nanoparticles. Recent advancements and experimental
treatments, such as quorum sensing manipulation and omics integration,
offer promising avenues for targeted interventions. In conclusion, this
comprehensive review contributes valuable insights for researchers,
clinicians, and policymakers in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial
resistance. Keywords: ESKAPE; Pathogens; Enterococcus; Biofilm;
Antimicrobial resistance
262-OR: Pemvidutide, a GLP-1/Glucagon Dual Receptor Agonist, in Subjects with Overweight or Obesity—A 48-Week, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 (MOMENTUM) Trial
Authors: ARONNE LOUIS , SCOTT HARRIS M. , ROBERTS M S. , SUSCHAK JOHN J. , TOMAH SHAHEEN , KASPER JONATHAN , HE LIANG , YANG JAY , FRIAS JUAN P. , BROWNE SARAH K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Pemvidutide is a GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist in development for treatment of obesity.

Methods: MOMENTUM was a Phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of subjects with overweight (BMI 27.0-29.9 kg/m2) and at least one obesity-related comorbidity or obesity (BMI >30.0 kg/m2) randomized 1:1:1:1 to pemvidutide (1.2, 1.8, 2.4 mg) or placebo administered subcutaneously weekly for 48 weeks.

Results: A total of 391 subjects with mean age, body weight, and BMI of 50 yrs, 105 kg, and 37 kg/m2 were enrolled. At week 48, subjects receiving pemvidutide achieved mean weight losses of 10.3%, 11.2%, and 15.6% at the 1.2 mg, 1.8 mg, and 2.4 mg doses vs. placebo (2.2%), respectively (p<0.001 vs. placebo, all doses, Figure 1), with 51.8% and 32.1% of subjects at the 2.4 mg dose level achieving ≥15% and ≥20% weight loss and 48% of subjects having resolution of baseline obesity by trial conclusion. Subjects with elevated serum lipids at baseline had reductions of up to 55.8%, 20.0%, and 21.8% in triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL at week 48. Most adverse events were mild to moderate with only 1 drug-related SAE; glycemic control (glucose, HbA1c) was maintained with minimal increases in heart rate.

Conclusion: Pemvidutide was safe and well-tolerated and significantly reduced body weight and serum lipids over 48 weeks of treatment.

Disclosure

L. Aronne: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Lilly Diabetes, Altimmune Inc. Consultant; Lilly Diabetes. Advisory Panel; Pfizer Inc. Consultant; UnitedHealth Group. Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Board Member; AstraZeneca. Advisory Panel; Amgen Inc. M. Harris: Employee; Altimmune Inc. M.S. Roberts: Employee; Altimmune Inc. J.J. Suschak: Employee; Altimmune Inc. S. Tomah: Employee; Altimmune Inc. J. Kasper: Employee; Altimmune Inc. L. He: None. J. Yang: None. J.P. Frias: Research Support; Akero Therapeutics, Inc. Consultant; Akero Therapeutics, Inc. Research Support; Altimmune Inc. Consultant; Altimmune Inc. Research Support; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Consultant; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Research Support; 89bio, Inc. Consultant; 89bio, Inc. Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Merck & Co., Inc. Consultant; Merck & Co., Inc. Research Support; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Consultant; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk. Board Member; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc. Consultant; Pfizer Inc. Advisory Panel; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi. Research Support; Sanofi. Stock/Shareholder; Biomea Fusion, Inc. Employee; Biomea Fusion, Inc. S.K. Browne: Employee; Altimmune Inc.
Treatment of Brachioradial Pruritus: A Tertiary Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mashoudy Kayla D. , Andrade Luis F. , Khalil Nicole , Zhang Ellie H. , Wagner Jaxon D. , Malhotra Bharat , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: June 2024

This retrospective study investigates the efficacy of 2 treatment regimens, pregabalin alone versus pregabalin combined with ketamine, amitriptyline, and lidocaine cream, in reducing itch in patients with brachioradial pruritus at a tertiary care center. Electronic medical records of 64 brachioradial pruritus patients seen at the University of Miami Itch Center were analyzed. A significant reduction in itch scores was seen with both treatments, with no significant difference between the groups. A small number of patients experienced adverse effects, including drowsiness and weight gain with pregabalin and skin irritation with ketamine, amitriptyline, and lidocaine cream. Ultimately, our findings underscore the potential of utilizing combined therapy for difficult-to-treat brachioradial pruritus cases and implementing individualized approaches for managing neuropathic pruritus. Further controlled clinical trials are needed to establish optimal treatment protocols.
Comparison of motion sensor and heart rate monitor for assessment of physical activity intensity in stroke outpatient rehabilitation sessions: an observational study
Authors: Goncalves Stéphanie , Mandigout Stéphane , Le Bourvellec Morgane , Duclos Noémie C.
Published: June 2024

Objective: To compare the estimation of time spent on 4 categories of physical activity intensity (sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity) between a motion sensor and a heart rate monitor during a stroke outpatient rehabilitation session.
Design: A multicentre cross-sectional observational study.
Subjects/Patients: Participants with stroke (> 6 months) undergoing outpatient rehabilitation sessions.
Methods: Participants wore the SenseWear Armband motion sensor and the Polar H10 heart rate monitor during 2 rehabilitation sessions. The times estimated by each device were compared using a generalized linear mixed model and post-hoc tests.
Results: Ninety-nine participants from 29 clinics were recruited and data from 146 sessions were included in the analysis. The estimated times depended on the devices and the physical activity intensity category (F = 135, p < 0.05). The motion sensor estimated more time spent in sedentary behaviour and less time spent in moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity than the heart rate monitor.
Conclusion: The motion sensor and heart rate monitor provide different estimates of physical activity intensity during stroke rehabilitation. Further research is needed to establish the most appropriate device for each physical activity category.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Azo Dye Derived from Sulfamethaxolevia Diazonium Reaction and Study its Abilityas an Acid-base Indicator
Authors: Falih Marwa Sabar , Mahdi Neda Ibrahim , Jasim Ala'a Abdull wahid , Abbas Ruba Fahmi , Rahi Abdul Adheem Abdul Abbas
Published: June 2024

Background: Most azo dyes are synthesized by diazotization of a primary amine, followed by conjugation with one or more electron-rich nucleophiles. Objective: This study presents the synthesis of a new azocompound by converting sulfamethoxazole to a diazonium salt. Methods: via reaction with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite at temperatures between 0 and 5 °C, the resulting salt is then coupled with a 4-methoxyphenol reagent in alkaline medium at the above temperatures to produce an azodye given the IUPAC name of (4-((2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3yl)benzenesulfonamide). The azo dye precipitate was purified by crystallization methods using a solvent mixture of ethanol water. Characterization was done using different analytical methods such as IR, UV-Vis and H1-NMR in addition to measurements of physical properties. Results: The reddish-pink azo compound gave a maximum absorbance of 495 nm. Acid-base titrimetric analysis was conducted to examine the chemical indicator properties of the azo dye. Clear color differences were obtained between two spaces in the pH range 2-12, where a reddishpink color was obtained in the basic medium and a yellow color in the acidic medium. Conclusions: A new azo dye successfully presented its properties as an indicator.
The Effect of pH Variation on Antibiotic Susceptibility of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
Authors: Hassan Fatima J. , Khelkal Intesar N. , Al Marjani Mohammed F. , Moawad Amira A.
Published: June 2024

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant opportunistic pathogen responsible for various nosocomial infections in humans. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains poses a significant challenge in clinical settings, necessitating a deeper understanding of factors influencing antimicrobial resistance. Objective: This research aimed to investigate the impact of pH variation on the resistance patterns of multi-resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from Iraqi patients with urinary tract infections and wound infections against different antibiotics. Methods: Forty K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from urine samples and wound swabs, and their identification was confirmed using the VITEK ® 2 compact system and molecular identification of the rpoB housekeeping gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method under varying pH conditions (pH 5, 7, 9, and 11) at 37°C for 18 to 24 hours. Results: The study findings indicated that K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited differential susceptibility to antibiotics based on pH conditions. Cefotaxime demonstrated increased efficacy under alkaline pH, while tetracycline showed optimal efficacy under acidic conditions. However, ciprofloxacin displayed resistant phenotypes at acidic pH 5 and either resistant or intermediate phenotypes at alkaline pH 9. Conclusions: The results suggest a potential influence of pH on the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of K. pneumoniae isolates. Understanding the role of pH in antimicrobial resistance can inform strategies for better managing infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical practice.
Theoretical Study for Stabilizing Group 14 Elements by Five Different Carbene Ligands as L-E-E-L Complexes
Authors: AL FURAIJI Khalidah H. M. , Jasim Sarah Badri
Published: June 2024

Background: The computational calculations have been employed as a great tool to understand the stabilization of main group species by carbene ligands, which have been recognized as excellent compounds for coordinating highly reactive main-group elements in their zero oxidation state. Objective: The most important results that have been published up to now shown that N-Heterocyclic carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene ligands can stabilize main group compounds as highly stable complexes. Methods: That led us to further theoretically investigate the possibility of expanding this feature with phosphorus carbenes which have more electron contributing ability. Results: The bonding condition of the E2L2 molecules (where E is group 14 main group elements and L is Carbene ligands) may be understood in depth due to the combination of two ligands with two groups of 14 elements. The combination provides a guideline for synthesizing molecules with novel bonding motifs. Two atoms of group 14 are stabilized by two donor ligands in this bonding picture. In contrast to the E=E bonds seen in nitrogen carbene complexes, all phosphorus carbene complexes exhibit the E=L double bond character notation L=EE=L. L acts as a strong donor ligand in this complex. Conclusions: the thermodynamic calculations and orbital analysis can predict that complexes of L=E−E=L are stable enough to become isolated in a condensed phase for all compounds.
Relationship between Snow and Temperature over Some Iraqi Meteorological Stations
Authors: Abbood Zainab M. , Tawfeek Yasmin Q. , Naif Salwa S. , Al-Taai Osama T. , Hassan Ahmed S. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. , Salah Zeinab
Published: June 2024

Background: Snow forms when tiny ice crystals in clouds stick together to become snowflakes. If enough crystals stick together, they become heavy enough to fall to the ground. Where background includes Precipitation falls as snow when the air temperature is below 2 °C (275.15 K). The falling snow does begin to melt as soon as the temperature rises above freezing, but as the melting process begins, the air around the snowflake is cold. Objective: It is a myth that it needs to be below 0 °C (273.15) K to snow. In Iraq, the heaviest snowfalls tend to occur when the air temperature is between (273.15-275.15) K (0-2) °C. Methods: The data for this study, which includes Temperature (T), Snow Albedo (SA), and Snow Density (SD) as monthly-daily mean, taken from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for fifteen years from 2008 to 2022 for several selected stations over northern Iraq. The method was to take the monthly rates of snow density, snow albedo, and temperature for the stations of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Zakho, Dohuk, and Amadiyah, and the type of relationship and strength of the connection between them was also known. Results: The study found an inverse relationship between snow albedo and snow density across the selected stations, indicating that an increase in snow density leads to a decrease in snow albedo. Notably, Duhok City exhibited the strongest relationship between snow albedo and density, with a regression coefficient of 0.9699 compared to other regions. Conclusions: This study highlights the complex relationship between snow albedo and density in northern Iraq. The strong correlation observed in Duhok City suggests the importance of further research to understand the factors influencing snow properties in this region.
Evolution the Relationship Between Physiologically Equivalent Temperature and Some Meteorological Parameters for Basra City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Ramahy Zahraa A.
Published: June 2024

Background: Physiologically equivalent temperatures (PET) is highly efficient in evaluating the thermal component of any given microclimate as a single thermal index. The assist stakeholders in understanding and interpreting existing bioclimatic, allowing them to make any required modifications and become more robust to predicted climate change. Objective: This study assesses the relationship between Physiologically equivalent temperatures (PET) and some Meteorological Parameters. Methods: The data for this study includes observed mean monthly air temperature values, relative humidity, and wind speed for the period (2001-2020). The data was acquired from “Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOS)” stations for Basra city. The radiation and Human Bioclimatic (RayMan) model were used to simulate bioclimatic indices (SET, UTCI, PET, PMV). Results: The findings revealed that the greatest mean values for PMV (4.3), SET (36.3), PET (45.5), and UTCI (42.1) were seen in July and August. The measurements have a nice thermal sensation of PMV (-0.5 - 1.9), SET (19.2- 29), PET (18.1- 31.8), and UTCI (15.9 - 28.7) is most noticeable in the months of (March, April, and October). The results showed the PET values (cool) and (Slightly cool) between (9- 18.3) for January, February, March, and December. The value of UTCI was between (5.9- 8.5) within classes (Slight cold stress), the values of PMV (-2.6- (-2.1)) within classes (strong cold stress) and (Slight cold stress) and the value of SET was (10.2- 12.4) within classes (Slight cold stress). Conclusions: Correlations between PET and air temperature (0.99), indicating good agreement between PET and air  temperature, and relative humidity (0.96). PET and wind speed (R2=0.56). The scattering pattern of PET and other thermal indices shows that all indexes have a significant correlation coefficient, between PET and UTCI (R2=0.99), between PET and SET (R2=0.98), and (R2=0.99) between PET and PMV.
Koronavirüs, Grip/Nezle ve Hastalanmamış Bireylerin Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk Belirtileri ve Ruminasyon Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Özcan Asude , Aydın Hilal , Baç Dilara Zehra , Karaağaç Nurevşan , Gültepe Bedirhan
Published: June 2024

Dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs salgını (COVID-19) insanların psikolojik sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz yönde etkiler bırakmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; COVID-19 tanısı almış, hiçbir tanı almamış ve grip/nezle tanısı almış bireyler olarak üç grupta Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk (OKB) ve ruminasyon düzeylerini karşılaştırarak incelemektir. Bu hastalıkları geçirmiş 197 gönüllü katılımcıya ulaşılarak katılımcılara ölçek seti uygulanmıştır. Veriler Nisan 2021’de çevrim içi platform üzerinden toplanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda beklenenin aksine grip/nezle tanısı almış bireylerin COVID19 geçirmiş ve tanı almamış bireylere göre daha fazla OKB belirtisi yaşadığı gözlenmiştir. Ancak grupların ruminasyon düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca COVID-19 nedeniyle yakınını kaybeden bireylerin, tanıdıklarından kayıp yaşayan ve hiç kayıp yaşamayanlara göre bazı OKB belirtilerinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, güncel bulgular ve salgının gidişatı bağlamında tartışılmıştır